---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation 9 ! orig9al docum5t has be5 pres]v$4 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,= a complete li/1 please see ! end ( ?is docum5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- 99 99 99 99 99 ,,m>t9 ,,seck]',s ,,s]ies ,,( ,,mod]n ,,monographs ,j4,m4 ,,synge ,by ,p4,p4 ,h[e ,,h5rik ,,ibs5 ,by ,r4 ,ellis ,rob]ts ,,walt] ,,pat] ,by ,edw>d ,?omas ,,?omas ,,h>dy ,by ,lascelles ,ab]crombie ,,george ,,giss+ ,by ,frank ,sw9n]ton ,,walt ,,:itman ,by ,basil de ,sl9c\rt ,,william ,,morris ,by ,john ,dr9kwat] ,a4,c4 ,,sw9burne ,by ,edw>d ,?omas ,ea* volume ,demy ,octavo1 ,clo? ,gilt1 ) a ,frontispiece 9 ,photogravure4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net ,! ,a!num says3 ,we congratulate ! publi%]4 ,! ,spectator says3 ,mr4 ,seck]'s excell5t s]ies ( critical /udies4 ,! ,york%ire ,obs]v] says3 ,mr4 ,seck]'s admirable s]ies4 ,! ,man*e/] ,c\ri] says3 ,?is excell5t s]ies4 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news says3 ,mr4 ,m>t9 ,seck]'s s]ies ( critical /udies does ju/ice to ! publi%]'s s5se ( pleasant =mat4 ,! volumes are a delight to eye & h&1 & make a welcome addition to ! book%elf4 ,,m>t9 ,,seck] ,,publi%] ,,numb] ,,five ,,john ,,/reet ,,adelphi ,,autumn ,,books ,! ,complete ,dramatic ,works ( ,g]h>t ,hauptmann4 #f vols4 #es4 net ea*4 ,vie de ,bohme3 ,a ,pat* ( ,romantic ,p>is4 ,by ,orlo ,williams4 #aes4 net4 ,! ,art ( ,silh\ette4 ,by ,desmond ,coke4 #ajs4 net4 ,walt ,:itman3 ,a ,critical ,/udy4 ,by ,basil de ,sl9c\rt4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,walt] ,pat]3 ,a ,critical ,/udy4 ,by ,edw>d ,?omas4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,speculative ,dialogues4 ,by ,lascelles ,ab]crombie4 #es4 net4 ,dramatic ,portraits4 ,by ,p4,p4 ,h[e4 #es4 net4 ,,p]sonality ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,mod]nism ,,& ,,romance ,,p]sonality ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,,by ,r4,a4 ,,scott-,,james ,,london3 ,,m>t9 ,,seck] ,,numb] ,,five ,,john ,,/reet ,,adelphi ,fir/ publi%$ #aiac ,,william ,,br5don ,,& ,,son1 ,,ltd41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,plym\?4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,,"o3 ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,art ,,page ,,! ,,degradation ,,( ,,beauty #c ,,lit]ature ,a ,,f9e ,,art #ad ,,passions ,,sp9 ,,! ,,plot #db ,,! ,,popul> ,,ta/e #ee ,,"p ,,two3 ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,mod]n ,,life ,,to-,,day ,,& ,,ye/]day #ha ,,pr(essional ,,politics #if ,,specialism ,,9 ,,religion #ajc ,,specialism ,,9 ,,w> #aji ,,specialism ,,9 ,,lit]ature #aae ,,philosophy ,,& ,,ju/ice #aba ,,"p ,,?ree3 ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,m5 ,,b]n>d ,,%aw #aca ,h4,g4 ,,wells #aea ,,arnold ,,b5nett #agj ,,gilb]t ,,*e/]ton #ahg ,,"s ,,mod]n ,,poets #aif ,j4,m4 ,,synge #bbb ,,! ,,%ramana ,,ekai ,,kawagu*i #bbf ,,francis ,,?ompson #bce ,,"p ,,"o ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,art ,i ,,! ,,degradation ,,( ,,beauty ,"s "t ago ,i f\nd myself at an exhibition ( ,po/-,impressioni/ pictures1 "u ! gis ( an arti/ :o 0 himself ( t p]suasion4 ,inde$1 he 0 "o ( ! exhibitors1 & ,i 0 con/ra9$ to express my op9ions 9 ! =m ( que/ions4 ,we pass$ be=e a picture :i* to my untutor$ eyes 0 =mless1 mean+less & ugly4 ,x 0 by a well-kn[n arti/1 & my in/ructor admir$ x4 ,he said x 0 ! head ( a woman1 & he indicat$ c]ta9 hook-l m>ks 9 ! pa9t+ :i* to him di/9ctly sugge/$ ! nose1 ! m\? & ! neck ( a woman1 r$uc$ to _! simple/ t]ms4 ,aft] he _h fully expla9$ ! picture1 ,i ask$ him if ! result 0 9 any s5se beautiful to him4 ,beautiful6 he exclaim$1 ) some?+ ( disda9 9 8 voice4 ,:y %\ld x be beautiful8 ,i d n require t a picture %\ld be beautiful4 ,he _h n f9i%$1 b ,i 0 reliev$ by ! fir/ "p ( 8 reply4 ,z ,i _c hope to appreciate m ?an a c]ta9 numb] ( ?+s 9 ! _w1 ,i am will+1 s f> z pictures are conc]n$1 to be limit$ to beautiful pictures1 & to be prov$ ignorant & obtuse 9 reg>d to all o!rs4 ,= ! same reason ,i h long s9ce reconcil$ myself to ! fact t !re are "s bran*es ( sci5ce & natural hi/ory :i* ,i %all nev] ma/]4 ,i %all always endeav\r to foll[ clev] writ]s l ,%aw & ,brieux ^: plays h1 z ! =m] puts x1 a really sci5tific natural hi/ory = _! basis4 ,b ,i _c hope to acquire ! :ole ( k or re=m ! :ole ( ! _w1 & !re are books :i* conta9 a great deal ( s\nd k & urg5t op9ion = :i* ,i h no use4 ,moreov]1 ,i d5y ,mr4 ,%aw's "r to int]f]e ) my enjoym5t if ,i turn to lit]ature :i* tea*es no?+ & s]ves no utilit>ian or re=m+ purpose4 ,x is only :5 ,i am 9 ! sci5tific frame ( m9d t ,i desire accurate natural hi/ory1 or :5 ,i am 9 ! re=m+ frame ( m9d t ,i desire e>ne/ exhortations to improve society4 ,9 ! same way ,i am only drawn to ! ,po/-,impressioni/s :5 ,i want1 n beautiful pictures1 b an agreeable s5se ( ! impud5ce & imbecility ( pr(essional craftsm54 ,b :5 ,i am 9 ! mood = lit]ature & art1 ,i dem& some?+ t %all appeal to my s5se ( beauty2 & ,i refuse to be %am$ into believ+ t ,i ought to pref] sci5tific k1 or e?ical suasion1 or ^? p>ticul> k9ds ( ugl9ess admir$ by "s ,reali/s & "s ,po/-,impressioni/s4 ,b ,i 0 a little disconc]t$ :5 my ,po/-,impressioni/ arti/ conclud$ ) ! rem>k3 ,i h nev] yet f\nd anyone :o c\ld tell me :at he meant by beauty4 ,c]ta9ly ,i _h n ask$ him = an exact def9ition1 or any def9ition ( ,beauty 9 ! ab/ract4 ,i %\ld h be5 satisfi$ if1 = ! mom5t1 he _h tak5 x on tru/1 z mo/ ( u take ! law ( gravity1 ! po/ulates ( ,euclid1 & ! evid5ce ( our s5ses4 ,i 0 n dismay$ because a s+le ,po/-,impressioni/ ?\ght t beautiful is a ^w t has no mean+2 b because ! reply came s pat ^u 8 lips2--he 0 repeat+1 p>rot-l1 a curr5t view2 he 0 adopt+ ! fa%ionable attitude ( scorn t[>ds :at is reg>d$ z an anci5t tyranny1 long s9ce indict$ & explod$4 ,?is bl& acceptance ( ! mean+lessness & ! inefficacy ( beauty is habitual to mo/ "y pr(essionals :o wield p5 or p5cil4 ,!y h le>nt x f ,mr4 ,%aw1 =gett+ t :5 ,mr4 ,%aw dem&s complete fre$om = ! writ] he also dem&s objective tru?2 or !y h le>nt x f ,mr4 ,rog] ,fry1 =gett+ t ev5 ,mr4 ,fry dem&s "s k9d ( subjective tru?4 ,e "y arti/ l my acqua9tance at ! ,grafton ,gall]y1 e "y noveli/ l ,mr4 ,gilb]t ,cannan1#a is enc\rag$ by ! intellectuals to accept =mlessness & an>*y z evid5ce ( a magnanim\s & enlight5$ _s4 ,b x is n necess>y to expose ?is falsity 9 its crude & mo/ viol5t =ms4 ,= we may f9d x express$ 9 an almo/ academic way1 ) philosophical alo(ness1 a %[ ( nice reason+1 & a k9d ( ,epicurean sweetness 9 a ,romanes lecture deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,james ,balf\r & publi%$ "u ! title ,criticism & ,beauty4 ,x is wor? :ile to /udy s responsible a writ]1 = we may be sure t he w weigh 8 words1 t he w n ov]-/ate 8 case1 or be l$ away by passion or fanaticism4 ,& x is assur$ly int]e/+ to exam9e ! argum5t = an>*y z /at$ & def5d$ by a ,cons]vative /atesman4 ,inde$1 x is h>d to believe t ! au?or ( ?is essay is ! same ,mr4 ,balf\r :om we "k z ! lead] ( ! ,cons]vative p>ty4 ,a /atesman o/5sibly s consi/5t 9 uphold+ ord] & au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*1 9 adh]+ to "t-hon\r$ /&>ds ( gov]nm5t1 & 9 tru/+ ! judgm5t ( m5 tra9$ 9 ! tradition ( politics1 might h be5 expect$ to hold views some:at simil> 9 matt]s ( art4 ,we %\ld h expect$ him to believe 9 ! exi/5ce1 n p]haps ( arti/ic canons1 b ( arti/ic /&>ds2 to be conv9c$ t 9 /hetics !re is an /hetic "r & wrong2 to atta* weight to ! judgm5t ( m5 ( tra9$ s5sibility4 ,b x is n s4 ,he holds 9 ! mo/ extreme =m ! anci5t doctr9e t seem+ is be+4 ,art1 z su*1 has = him no?+ to d ) tru?4 ,he recognises no valid /&>d ( excell5ce4 ,! only excell5ce 9 a "w ( art is to af=d /hetic pleasure1 & ! pleasure :i* a boy d]ives f a blood-curdl+ adv5ture-book or ! public f a popul> melodrama is1 9 ,mr4 ,balf\r's view1 no less /hetic ?an ! pleasure :i* ano!r may d]ive f contemplat+ a /atue by ,mi*elangelo4 ,!re is no univ]sal /&>d2 no crit]ion2 no excell5ce 9 art except su* z ea* man accepts = himself4 ,mr4 ,balf\r does1 inde$1 make a prop] di/9ction betwe5 art z te*nical dext]ity & art z relat$ to ! sublime1 ! beautiful1 ! pa!tic1 ! humor\s1 ! melodi\s1 & admits t x is possible to apply an objective te/ to te*nical skill--to decide t ?is l9e scans1 t ?is rhyme is flawless1 t ^! b>s 9 music are 9 su*-&-su* a key4 ,b he w all[ no objective gr\nds ( excell5ce to art 9 ! m important s5se4 ,if y say t ?is poem is beautiful or sublime1 y are ass]t+ :at is only true = y1 a m]e p]sonal pref]5ce :i* o!rs ne$ n be expect$ to %>e4 ,n only d m5 ( tra9$ s5sibility diff] f ! uncultur$1 b !y diff] equally f "o ano!r4 ,he cites ! evid5ce ( ,greek music to %[ h[ widely ! cultur$ ( "o nation & epo* may diff] f ! cultur$ ( o!r nations & epo*s4 ,hav+ laid x d[n z an axiom t our /hetic judgm5ts are = ! mo/ "p imm$iate1 &1 s to speak1 intuitive1 & obs]v+ t ! fa/idi\s diff] among !mselves1 & t _! delight 9 f9e objects is no m int5se ?an ! delight ( ! vulg> 9 co>s] !mes1 he proce$s to ! conclusion t !re c be no valid "r or wrong 9 ta/e1 no absolute /&>d ( beauty4 ,he ev5 ma9ta9s t art is n bas$ ^u any special faculty = p]ceiv+ ! true4 ,i c f9d no ju/ification 9 exp]i5ce = associat+ great art ) p5etrat+ insight4 ,be=e go+ fur!r x is necess>y to h9t at a curi\s confusion 9 :i* he "h involves himself--a surely r crude confusion betwe5 /hetic1 & moral1 "r & wrong4 ,be+ conc]n$ to disprove ! exi/5ce ( ! =m]1 he = a mom5t id5tifies x ) ! latt]4 ,x is ei!r1 z ,i h tak5 x1 a crude confusion ( ?\ght1 or an equivocat+ device m (t5 us$ 9 political controv]sy ?an 9 ! doma9 ( art criticism--t ( id5tify+ ! op9ion attack$ ) ano!r ( an ignom9i\s "*4 ,! view :i* he is reject+ is ?us set =?4 ,an arti/ is deem$ to be m ?an ! mak] ( beautiful ?+s4 ,he is a se]1 a morali/1 a prophet4 ,surely he mu/ realise t !re are _m :o w\ld mo/ f]v5tly hold t an arti/ mu/ be a se] or ev5 a prophet1 :o w\ld ridicule ! idea t he mu/ be t v diff]5t sort ( ?+1 a morali/4 ,& 9 ! same way1 :5 he has decl>$ categorically3 ,i c f9d no ju/ification 9 exp]i5ce = associat+ great art ) p5etrat+ insight1 he almo/ ludicr\sly adds1 or good art ) good morals4 ,x is ?is confusion ( ! aim ( ! arti/ ) ! aims ( o!r exp\nd]s--! morali/1 ! philosoph]1 ! !ologian--t vitiates 8 argum5t aga9/ ! insight ( ! great arti/s4 ,:y does he d5y !m ?is p5etrat+ insight8 ,because !y h *]i%$ opposite convictions ab\t fundam5tal matt]s4 ,optimism & pessimism2 mat]ialism & spiritualism2 !ism1 pan!ism1 a!ism1 morality & immorality2 religion & irreligion2 l(ty resignation & passionate revolt--ea* & all h inspir$ or help$ to inspire ! creators ( arti/ic beauty4 ,! non sequitur ( ?is argum5t lies 9 ! fact t he only %[s t arti/s h diff]$ 9 respect ( :at is n ess5tial to art4 ,if he _h %[n t "s arti/s h creat$ ! beautiful1 & o!rs h creat$ ! ugly1 he w\ld h produc$ evid5ce fatal to 8 oppon5ts4 ,z x is he has d5i$ p]ception ( ! beautiful to arti/s because !y diff] 9 respect ( t :i* has no necess>y connection ) beauty4 ,b to leave ?is te*nical1 ?\gh n :olly unreal1 disputation4 ,!re is ?is m]it 9 ,mr4 ,balf\r's essay3 t x /ates 9 its mo/ extreme =m a view = :i* !re is some?+ to be said & :i* has be5 ga9+ 9 fav\r 9 mod]n times4 ,x is a reaction aga9/ ! view :i* became e/abli%$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,x 0 ! habit ( ! eighte5? c5tury to judge poetry by its =m alone2 ! n9ete5? judg$ x by ! _s :i* inspir$ x1 by t :i*1 z ,de ,qu9cey puts x1 0 inc>nat$ 9 a "w ( art4 ,william ,blake lit]ally believ$ t !re 0 a real _w ( ! imag9ation :i* 0 op5$ up to ! arti/ 9 8 visions1 & t 0 :y he said3 ,le>n to see ?r\gh1 n )1 ! eye4 ,col]idge1 too1 ass]t$ ! primacy ( ,reason & imag9ation2 & = ,wordswor? poetry 0 ,reason 9 h] mo/ exalt$ =m1 j z = ,keats ,beauty is tru?1 tru? ,beauty4 ,ev5 s logical & prosaic a ?9k] z ,john ,/u>t ,mill recognis$ t supremacy ( ! arti/ to :i* he himself c\ld n atta92 ! arti/1 z he said 9 a lett] to ,c>lyle1 p]ceives tru? imm$iately1 by intuition1 & x 0 8 own humble function to translate ! tru?s disc]n$ by ! arti/ into logic4 ,is n ! di/9ction betwe5 my/icism1 ! my/icism :i* is ( tru?1 & m]e dream]y1 or ! in/itution ( imag9ations = realities1 exactly ?is1 t my/icism may be translat$ into logic8 ,logic1 = ,mill1 0 only ! h&-s]vant ( t art :i* is conc]n$1 n ) imag9ations only1 b ) realities4 ,& x 0 9 ! same _s t ,mat!w ,arnold laid d[n 8 decisive v]dict t lit]ature is a criticism ( life1 t x may be subject$ to a univ]sal e/imate1 & t ! /&>d is ! be/ t has be5 said & ?\ght 9 ! _w4 ,b 9 rec5t ye>s !re has be5 a revolt aga9/ ! idea ( /&>ds or au?ority 9 art4 ,art has always be5 conceiv$ z some?+ :i* af=ds pleasure2 b n[ x is conceiv$ z t :i* af=ds pleasure to anyone4 ,! democracy1 n[ t x has become lit]ate1 claims ! "r ( private judgm5t1 equality = its memb]s ev5 9 matt]s ( art4 ,& 9 a s5se x is "r4 ,no?+ %\ld be or c be acclaim$ z beautiful unless x appe>s beautiful to ! spectator4 ,!re is no crit]ion ( beauty outside ! p]ception ( beauty4 ,= ea* man1 t only is beautiful :i* af=ds him ! exp]i5ce ( beauty2 & :atev] does af=d him t exp]i5ce has giv5 him ! /hetic pleasure :i* is ! true pleasure ( art4 ,b !re are _m pleasurable ?rills :i* h no?+ to d ) beauty or ) art4 ,t is :y ,mr4 ,balf\r surely is wrong :5 he sugge/s t ! y\?ful delight 9 blood-curdl+ adv5tures is an enjoym5t ( :at is ,art1 & no?+ b ,art4 ,b ,i agree t we are confront$ ) an ant9omy :i* seems h>d en\gh to ov]come--on ! "o h& art is only good because "s p h judg$ or felt x to be good2 on ! o!r h& all s9c]e critics are conv9c$ t "s works are absolutely good1 t _! excell5ce is beyond reasonable *all5ge1 & t ^? :o d n p]ceive ?is excell5ce are lack+ 9 f95ess ( p]ception4 ,! an>*i/ic side ( ! p>adox is put 9 its crude/ =m by ,mr4 ,balf\r4 ,x has be5 put 9 p]haps its f9e/ & true/ =m by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,james3 ,art is ! "o corn] ( human life 9 :i* we may take our ease4 ,to ju/ify our pres5ce !re ! only ?+ dem&$ ( u is t we %all h felt ! repres5tational impulse4 ,9 o!r connections our impulses are condition$ & emb>rass$2 we are all[$ to h only s _m z are consi/5t ) ^? ( our neighb\rs2 ) _! conv5i5ce & well-be+1 ) _! convictions & prejudices1 _! rules & regulations4 ,art means an escape f all ?is4 ,:]ev] h] %9+ /&>d floats ! ne$ = apology & compromise is ov]2 !re x is en\gh simply t we please or are pleas$4 ,!re ! tree is judg$ only by its fruits4 ,if ^! are sweet ! tree is ju/ifi$--& n less s ! consum]4444 ,diff]5ces "h are n iniquity & righte\sness2 !y are simply v>iations ( temp]am5t1 k9ds ( curiosity4 ,we are n "u !ological gov]nm5t4 ,x is true2 9 art1 at lea/1 we are n "u !ological gov]nm5t1 & t 0 a maxim wor? ass]t+ at a "t :5 ! dicta ( ,mat!w ,arnold & ,rusk9 7 be+ conv]t$ into %ibbole?s4 ,x is necess>y = happ9ess no less ?an = hone/y t we %\ld realise t poetry1 music1 & pictures are p]sonal ?+s2 t :at !y are wor? to u is _! sole measure ( value4 ,& "h x mu/ be m5tion$ t ,mr4 ,balf\r puts =? two h9ts :i* are inconclusive en\gh1 b :i* d dimly sugge/ a tru] way ( escape ?an t to :i* 8 argum5t leads4 ,he notes1 fir/ ( all1 t art is dis9t]e/$2 t x is n a means1 b an end 9 itself4 ,&1 secondly1 we feel t[>ds beautiful ?+s z we feel t[>ds p]sons2 if !y are cong5ial we may l or love !m1 ?\gh we c assign no gr\nd = our pref]5ce4 ,if ! analogy 7 pursu$ x might lead to some?+ l a solution ( ! difficulty4 ,= all f9e art is beautiful expression2 x is self-expression2 x is ! expression ( some?+ :i* ! arti/ p]ceives4 ,if x /rikes an answ]+ *ord 9 u we are satisfi$2 & t fact ( response means a community ( p]ception1 ( /hetic k1 betwe5 ! arti/ & ! recipi5t1 some?+ p]haps :i* is dragg$ f ! dep?s ( our dull] natures b :i* bur/ =? 9 expression f ! arti/ ) 8 quick] & m apt p]ception4 ,b let x be not$ t !re c\ld be no su* response or sympa?y convey$ f "o to ano!r by a symbol unless !re 7 "s real bond1 "s exi/5t pr9ciple possess$ 9 common4 ,art is communicative1 b n surely a communication ( no?+4 ,x communicates some?+ :i* is n ! less real because x is intangible & my/]i\s4 ,if x inexplicably af=ds u--z x does--an exp]i5ce :i* "s p]sons describe z transc5d5t1 !n t quality 9 x1 :i* we call ! sublime or ! beautiful1 has at lea/ to ?is ext5t a def9ite reality1 t x af=ds u unique exp]i5ces4 ,x is ?is "q :i* ,i %all exam9e 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,"s m5 h n be5 s made t !y c respond to ! beauty :i* is summon$ by art1 j z "s m51 born bl9d1 are n t\*$ by ! light ( ! sun4 ,b x is ( no mom5t to say t ta/es diff]4 ,m5 may diff] ab\t _! fri5ds1 b !y d n diff] ab\t fri5d%ip4 ,!y may h diff]5t codes ( hon\r1 b a s5se ( hon\r is ! same ?+ = a savage z x is = a bi%op4 ,& s n all ?+s are call$ beautiful by ! same m51 b beauty is ! same = all4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see ,preface to ,r\nd ! ,corn]4 7,m>t9 ,seck]47 ,,ii ,,lit]ature ,a ,,f9e ,,art ,!re are _m p ( my acqua9tance :o ?9k x almo/ indec5t to talk ( lit]ature z a f9e art4 ,!y h ! same di/a/e = ! ^w art z o!rs h = ! "n ( ,god4 ,x has inde$ be5 misus$ 9 c]ta9 /hetic circles & discuss$ almo/ unctu\sly1 s t x is (t5 associat$ ) long hair & cant1 & seems nons5sical if n disreputable to pla9 & hone/ m54 ,i rememb] an ,ox=d don1 *iefly not$ = 8 cricket & 8 k ( ,hom]1 & 9 lat] life = 8 dyspepsia1 abus+ a di/+ui%$ ,au/rian critic :o visit$ ! ,univ]sity--,^! =eign]s are always talk+ ab\t ,art6 ,=eign]s & long-hair$ /hetes 7 "o & ! same ?+ to my atrabili\s in/ructor4 ,! latt] 0 an exact man4 ,no wond] he dete/$ a ^w :i* is us$ s vaguely & 9 s _m contr>y s5ses2 :i* is sometimes appli$ to a poem or a novel z if its art 7 an ornam5tal ?+ sep>ate f ! poem or ! novel2 or z if x 7 a m]e synonym = /yle or adh]5ce to "s te*nical =mula4 ,yet we _c v well get on )\t ! ^w1 & we c]ta9ly _c avoid its connotation4 ,no man 9 8 s5ses c d5y t !re is su* a ?+ z ! art ( lit]ature1 ?\gh x may seem absurd to talk ab\t x4 ,no "o1 h[ev] heal?y 9 8 ta/es1 w\ld refuse to di/+ui% ! /atem5t ,?is is a v good book--:i* may mean only t x is in/ructive1 or useful = c]ta9 purposes--f ! /atem5t ,?is1 anyh[1 is lit]ature--:i* means some?+ q specific1 namely1 t ?is is a "w ( art4 ,! v ^w w\ld become less (f5sive if we c\ld be a little less vague ab\t x1 if we c\ld make up our m9ds :at x is t x does mean or t we wi% x to mean4 ,we all ( u di/+ui% betwe5 good & bad 9 lit]ature1 ev5 if we reg>d our own judgm5ts z fallible4 ,we are all dispos$ to mi/ru/ ! op9ions ( our contempor>ies1 ?\gh we h a *ildlike fai? 9 ! v]dict ( po/]ity4 ,well1 :at is x t w satisfy po/]ity1 & t ought1 a =tiori1 to satisfy u8 ,:at is x1 9 ! doma9 ( ! delightful1 z oppos$ to ! m]ely kn[able1 :i* has value = ! future1 & !re=e %\ld h m value = ! pres5t8 ,& :at is x--an ev5 m important "q--:i* may h ?is k9d ( value = u1 :e!r po/]ity *oose to value x or n8 ,t is ! ma9 po9t4 ,we want to f9d :at t quality is1 9 lit]ature or any ( ! f9e arts1 :i* makes x a matt] ( s great consid]ation to u4 ,:at d we expect & dem& f x1 if x is to be some?+ ( real mom5t8 ,t is "o side ( ! "q4 ,& putt+ ! "q f ! o!r side--,:at sort ( process is impli$ 9 ! writ+ ( lit]ature1 & :at is ! sanction ( ! writ]8 ,x seems we are compell$ to =m "s provisional !ory ( art be=e we c make ! mo/ mode/ pret5sions to discuss lit]ature4 ,= su* a !ory is impli$ 9 e lit]>y discussion1 9 e review ( a book1 & 9 e appreciative or antagoni/ic read+ ( a book4 ,i myself h writt5 hundr$s ( reviews ( books1 & ,i c]ta9ly d n ?9k x m presumptu\s to set d[n :at x is t ,i require1 or believe t ,i require1 9 creative lit]ature1 & :at t requirem5t presupposes 9 ! arti/1 ?an to h writt5 ^? hundr$s ( reviews4 ,i beg91 !n1 f ! side ( our actual requirem5ts1 & ,i lay x d[n z a self-evid5t proposition1 t if we mean any?+ at all by creative lit]ature1 or lit]ature reg>d$ z a f9e art1 we mu/ mean some?+ :i* provides u ) an addition to exp]i5ce1 an exp]i5ce sui g5]is4 ,we dem& t x %\ld be some?+ :i* w occupy u & engage our faculties1 some?+ n to be approa*$ c>elessly & indol5tly1 b ) en]gy & al]tness ( ! m9d2 n because x is ab/ruse or difficult1 b because we are dem&+ some?+ :i* w give full play to ! _s1 :i* w come pr(\ndly 9 contact ) u :5 we are 9 fulle/ possession ( ourselves1 :i* w n m]ely /ir u1 b /ir u to activity4 ,t ,i w\ld take z an axiom4 ,if we are go+ to reg>d fiction1 = example1 z a f9e art1 ! arti/ic novel w be a book :i* we approa* n = m]e di/raction1 b = activity1 m5tal & spiritual1 = ! opportunity x af=ds ( putt+ =? en]gy1 ( giv+ full play to ! vitality1 ( go+ ?r\gh a vital exp]i5ce4 ,j z ! ke5 golf] delights 9 ! skilful use ( eye & limb1 & is exhil>at$ by ! difficulties & ! physical ex]tion ( ! game1 s ! ke5 read] ( a book enjoys ! /r5u\s m5tal ex]cise x af=ds him4 ,to "s ext5t ! m9d is m ela/ic ?an ! body4 ,ev5 :5 x is tir$ x c sometimes be :ipp$ into en]gy by ?\ght1 or read+1 or talk1 :]eas ! body 9 its correspond+ /ate _c s readily respond ) accuracy & effectiv5ess4 ,b ! m9d too--,heav5 kn[s--may be dull$ to f9e issues2 & x is only :5 x is 9 well-balanc$ activity t x c d full ju/ice to a "w ( art2 & t is no "w ( art :i* ! jad$ intellig5ce c :olly grasp4 ,anyone :o enjoys pictures1 & does n c>e to look at !m p]functorily or 9 a sightsee+ _s1 kn[s well t he c only appreciate a picture :5 he all[s eyes & imag9ation to conc5trate ^u x1 s t he p]ceives z well z sees x1 & d]ives a complex impression f x ak9 to t :i* ! arti/ felt at ! mom5t :5 he conceiv$ x4 ,& 9 ! same way ) e "w ( art wor?y ( ! "n1 :e!r x be a picture1 a /atue1 a poem1 a play or a novel1 x is "p ( its excell5ce to call =? activity 9 ! m9d :i* appreh5ds x4 ,b we mu/ note t x n only calls =? activity1 b dis9t]e/$ activity--& by t ,i mean an activity ( ! k9d :i* is especially call$ =? 9 ! f9e arts1 & n t :i* sci5ce1 or religion1 or e?ics might call =? )\t ! aid ( ! arts4 ,to pres]ve ! analogy ( golf1 x may happ5--& g5]ally does happ5--t ! play+ ( golf makes ! limbs m ela/ic & promotes g5]al heal?4 ,b to take an int]e/ 9 golf is n ! same ?+ z to take an int]e/ 9 ! heal?-produc+ results ( golf4 ,! true golf] is he :o plays golf = its own sake & )\t any ult]ior end1 )\t ?\ght ( consequ5ces1 al?\gh consequ5ces ( "s k9d are inevitable4 ,9 ! same way ! activity call$ =? 9 all art1 bo? 9 ! arti/ at ! "t ( creation & 9 ! man :o is appreciat+ x1 is dis9t]e/$2 he is1 9 proportion z he is an arti/ or an appreciator ( art1 conc]n$ at ! mom5t 9 no?+ b ! subject-matt] ( ! arti/1 & ! treatm5t2 9 mak+ or receiv+ a c]ta9 effect1 )\t ?\ght ( ! possible practical consequ5ces :i* may foll[ ?r\gh "s inf]5ce drawn f ! "w or "s psy*ological result att5d+ ^u x4 ,?is is n a re-/atem5t ( ! mu*-abus$ !ory ( ,art = ,art's sake1 = t !ory has always t5d$ to m9imise ! importance ( subject-matt]1 & to repres5t ,beauty z some?+ alo( f ! re/ ( life1 in/ead ( be+ insep>able f ! w>p & wo( ( ?+s social1 moral1 intellectual1 religi\s1 & physical4 ,:5 ,i say t ! activity ( ! arti/ is dis9t]e/$1 ,i d n mean t he may n be conc]n$ ) any conceivable !me "u ! sun1 b t 8 bus9ess is to provide u ) an exp]i5ce1 & t any end he may h beyond mak+ t exp]i5ce vivid & complete is an ali5 end1 de/roy+ 8 s+l5ess ( purpose1 :olly disruptive ( 8 art & de/ructive to its en]gy4 ,& "h we mu/ ab&on ! analogy ( a game ( skill1 = :]eas golf-balls h no int]e/ except z ?+s to be knock$ ab\t1 ! objects ) :i* poet1 dramati/ or noveli/ deals are ideas1 p]sons1 associat$ ?+s1 hav+ "* & int]e/ ( _! own4 ,! exp]i5ce he is to provide is prim>ily a spiritual exp]i5ce1 an affair ( ! m9d & ! emotions4 ,& be+1 z x mu/ cle>ly be1 an exp]i5ce sui g5]is1 x is obvi\sly n d]iv$ f a m]e reproduction ( life2 = life _c be reproduc$ except+ 9 life itself1 :]eas art claims no m ?an to be an imitation1 or an envisagem5t1 ( nature1 & its life is its own4 ,:at we dem& ( x is t x %\ld put into its picture some?+ t is & is n 9 nature--some?+1 9 o!r words1 t is only !re = ^? :o *oose to see x1 b :i* ! arti/ makes cle>]1 awak5+ ! p]ceptions to t aspect ( tru? :i* he has 9 view4 ,9 a book call$ ,! ,asc5d+ ,ef=t1 ,mr4 ,george ,b\rne urg$ t ! art ( life consi/s 9 ! realisation ( *oice ideas2 mean+ by *oice ideas ^? :i* are ref9$ out ( ! commonplace & ! meagre2 ! ideas :i* are appreh5d$ mo/ actively1 ) all ! m9d & all ! p]ceptions2 ! ideas :i* admit ( relation to all o!r ideas1 :i* come into "s sort ( h>mony ) su* s*emes ( life z we h made4 ,if ?is is true ( ! art ( life1 a =tiori is x true ( ! f9e arts f :i* ! analogy is drawn4 ,9 o!r words1 ! arti/'s aim is n to reproduce ! facts :i* make up ! mass ( our ord9>y & undige/$ life1 b to sub/itute = ! di%evell$ commonplace ! *oic5ess ( an ord]$ int]pretation4 ,only 9 ?is way c art give u an exp]i5ce sui g5]is2 only by ! ref9em5t & re-en]gis+ ( ! treatm5t c x give u emotions vivid en\gh to compete 9 "s measure ) ! vividness ( nature4 ,implicitly all great arti/s mu/ h accept$ ?is g5]al view ( _! function1 & _m 9 "o way or ano!r h explicitly /at$ x4 ,z light to ! eye1 ev5 su* is beauty to ! m9d1 said ,col]idge1 ^: mean+ 0 philosophically def9ite1 b 9 no way at v>iance ) ,%akespe>e's too hackney$ b ev] memorable words3 ,spirits are n f9ely t\*$1 ,b to f9e issues4 ,! f9e3 ! alight or lum9\s3 ! *oice--"h are ?ree ways ( qualify+ ! objects :i* arti/s seek to pres5t4 ,mat!w ,arnold 0 captivat$ by ! simile ( light1 & hav+ repeat$ ,amiel's passionate cry = m light1 us$ sweetness & light z a refra9 9 all 8 criticism4 ,walt] ,pat]1 to :om ! beauty ( ! human =m1 & !re=e ( sculpture1 0 especially appeal+1 lov$ to use su* t]ms z %apely1 comely1 bly!1 graci\s1 engag+1 to express ! f9e flav\r#b ( a "w ( art4 ,! quality may be manife/$ prim>ily ?r\gh ! intellect1 z ) ,m]$i?2 ?r\gh ! s5ses1 z ) ,sw9burne2 ?r\gh ! p]ceptions1 z ) ,turg5iev1 ,flaub]t & ,joseph ,conrad2 or ?r\gh intellect & p]ceptions acutely balanc$1 z ) ,mr4 ,h5ry ,james 7:o gives u curiosity z ! keynote72 b 9 any case x is t :i* we require an arti/ to br+ ) him--f95ess1 light1 *oic5ess1 comel9ess1 graci\sness--:5 he visualises or focusses 8 object4 ,does n t untranslatable ( ,hom]--! %9+ upp] air--sugge/ n only ! physical atmosph]e brea!d by ! gods ( ,olympus & ! great-he>t$ ,odysseus1 b also ! poetic atmosph]e ( ! ,odyssey itself8 ,we h1 !n1 add$ a ?ird t]m to our g5]alisation ab\t art4 ,we n[ require1 z x seems1 t x %\ld provide u ) an en]getic exp]i5ce2 t x %\ld be dis9t]e/$ 9 ! s5se t x _c aim at any compet+1 ali5 end2 & ?irdly1 t ?is exp]i5ce %\ld come f objects made beautiful 9 ! s5se ( be+ %[n 9 a c]ta9 light1 or made alight--9 a mann] :i* dem&s fur!r inquiry4 ,& "h inde$ is ! difficulty4 ,= we mu/ endeav\r to exam9e ! "q f ! arti/'s /&po9t1 & seek c\nsel f him4 ,x w\ld be no less futile ?an presumptu\s to lay d[n exact =mul z to :at ! arti/ ought & ought n to d4 ,no mod]n critic is likely to wa/e 8 "t 9 fram+ rules & canons1 :i* c be s easily h&l$ by ! p$ant & /& condemn$ by ! fir/ great man :o defies !m4 ,ari/otle did x once & = all = ! ,greek drama1 & :5 ! p]spective ( life wid5$ & new =ms ( lit]ature grew up to compete ) drama1 8 rules 7 de/9$ ei!r to %ackle lit]ature or to be ?r[n ru?lessly ov]bo>d 9 ! viol5t revulsion aga9/ ,classicism4 ,%akespe>e =tunately 0 guiltless ( any exact k ( ,ari/otle1 & ! fact t ,corneille & ,rac9e1 :o _h no ,fr5* ,%akespe>e to prec$e !m1 7 9 bondage to t influ5tial philosoph]1 _h a la/+ effect ^u ,fr5* lit]ature :i* ! mighty influ5ce ( ,hugo 0 insuffici5t to de/roy4 ,b at lea/ ! example ( ^! ,classici/ writ]s has prov$ t lit]ature itself is n only pr(\ndly affect$1 b made & unmade1 by !ories ( lit]ature4 ,& ,corneille & ,rac9e be/[$ at any rate ?is immeasurable b5efit on _! c\ntrym53 !y taught !m ! lesson ( =m & te*nique--a lesson :i* !y h nev] =gott51 :i* is illu/rat$ z mu* 9 fiction z 9 drama--9 ,m]ime1 ,flaub]t1 ,maupassant & ,anatole ,france4 ,%akespe>e1 on ! contr>y1 ^: influ5ce on ,engli% lit]ature has be5 supreme s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ,romantic movem5t1 provid$ no obvi\s model = ! /ud5t ( =m4 ,to ! casual read] 8 v imag9ation seems to be lawlessness & extravagance1 c>ry+ him tempe/u\sly & recklessly into ! mle ( poetry4 ,b e c>eful read] kn[s t ,%akespe>e 0 n s reckless z he seems2 obs]ve h[ rigidly he con=m$ to ! conditions prescrib$ by ! ,elizabe?an !atre & audi5ce2 x is to ! cr$it ( 8 te*nique t he compli$ ) ^! exact+ conditions )\t cramp+ ! f9] issues ( poetry & drama4 ,& 9 ! broad] s5se ( ! t]m ,%akespe>e's =m 0 precisely proportionate to 8 g5ius1 ?\gh x is se5 r 9 ! transc5d5ce ( 8 poetry & ! managem5t by :i* 8 p]sons are swept along on _! own *>act]s ?an 9 ^? m obvi\s elem5ts ( =m--/ructure ( plot1 ! subs]vi5ce ( dialogue & incid5t to ! dramatic purpose1 & all ! m9or probabilities & proprieties4 ,b x is j ! obvi\s elem5ts :i* are mo/ noticeable to ^? :o /udy =m 9 a sup]ficial way2 = ^? :o imitate ,%akespe>e1 or are influ5c$ by him1 8 c>eless fre$om & extravagance (t5 bulk l>g] ?an ! expression ( g5ius :i* made trifles ( ^! defects4 ,a result is t ?r\gh\t ! n9ete5? c5tury ,%akespe>e has be5 = ,engli% au?ors n always an inspiration1 b a national pretext = decry+ te*nique4 ,& yet ^? :o _h ! insight & ! p[] to re/ore ,%akespe>e 9 all 8 fulness to ,engli% read]s 7 :olly free f ?is ignorance--conspicu\sly ,*>les ,lamb & ,s4,t4 ,col]idge4 ,col]idge 0 inde$ ! fir/ ( ,engli%m5 to ?9k out any?+ l a complete & satisfactory !ory ( poetry & ! f9e arts4 ,! supreme value ( 8 !ory comes f ! fact t he 0 "o ( ! few :o _h actually exp]i5c$ ^? creative impulses :i* z a !ori/ he endeav\r$ to acc\nt =4 ,he _h _h ! inspiration ( poetry2 he _h a*iev$ x2 & to t ext5t he _h indisputable evid5ce be=e him4 ,if only on ! "o h& he _h ext5d$ 8 me?od a little fur!r ?an he did1 & tak5 into consid]ation t =mal side ( art :i* is de> to classicism1 & on ! o!r h& be5 m confid5t--or %all ,i say less %y8--:5 he consid]$ ! orig9 ( ! creative imag9ation1 ! ideal conceiv] & creator ( ,natura ,naturata1 !n 8 s*eme w\ld h be5 complete--probably too complete4 ,on ! latt] subject1 h[ev]1 he ?rew out h9ts :i* 7 broad en\gh1 & did n :olly %un ! controv]sial sph]e ( metaphysics4 ,! critic :o w\ld avoid ! heights & dep?s ( my/icism w\ld d well to imitate 8 res]ve1 & exce$ him 9 metaphysical diffid5ce4 ,good ,s5se is ! ,body ( poetic g5ius1 said ,col]idge1 ,fancy its ,drap]y1 ,motion its ,life1 & ,imag9ation ! ,s\l t is ev]y:]e1 & 9 ea*2 & =ms all into "o graceful & intellig5t :ole4 ,x is by t syn!tic & magical p[] :i* he calls imag9ation t ! poet br+s ! :ole s\l ( man into activity1 & diffuses a tone & _s ( unity4 ,col]idge's !ory ( ! ,f9e ,arts presupposes 8 metaphysic2 & x ass]ts ! primacy ( ! reason4 ,( all we see1 he>1 feel & t\* ! sub/ance is & mu/ be 9 ourselves3 & !re=e !re is no alt]native 9 reason betwe5 ! dre>y 7&1 ?ank ,heav56 almo/ impossible7 belief t ev]y?+ ar\nd u is b a phantom1 or t ! life :i* is 9 u is 9 !m likewise4444 ,! arti/ mu/ imitate t :i* is )9 ! ?+1 t :i* is active ?r\gh =m & figure1 & disc\rses to u by symbols4 ,he def9es ! beautiful z t 9 :i* ! _m1 /ill se5 z _m1 becomes "o1 & takes z an in/ance3 ,! fro/ on ! w9d[pane has by accid5t cry/allis$ into a /rik+ resemblance ( a tree or a sea-we$4 ,) :at pleasure we trace ! p>ts1 & _! relation to ea* o!r & to ! :ole4 ,! beautiful arises f ! p]ceiv$ h>mony ( an object1 :e!r sight or s\nd1 ) ! inborn & con/itutive rules ( ! judgm5t & imag9ation1 & x is always intuitive4 ,x is t :i* calls on ! s\l 7 quasi 74 ,he conceives x to be ! function ( ! human reason to discov] ! unify+ idea :i* und]lies all ! v>iety ( nature2 & ?us x is t :5 manifold objects ( s5se are r$uc$ by ! imag9ation to ord] & unity ! s\l is satisfi$1 & its exp]i5ce is an exp]i5ce ( :at is call$ ! beautiful4 ,x is ) ?is discov]+ ( ord] 9 ! seem+ly *aotic1 9 o!r words ! discov]+ ( beauty1 t ! creative arti/ is conc]n$4 ,x is 8 bus9ess to in=m matt] ) idea2 & matt] symbolically us$ becomes ! expression ( ! arti/'s ?\ght j z = ! !ologian ! _w ( nature is an expression ( ! ?\ght ( ,god4 ,to make ! ext]nal int]nal1 ! int]nal ext]nal1 to make nature ?\ght1 & ?\ght nature--?is is ! my/]y ( g5ius 9 ! ,f9e ,arts4 ,& he goes on significantly3 ,d>e ,i add t ! g5ius mu/ act on ! feel+1 t body is b a /riv+ to become m9d--t x is m9d 9 its ess5ce8 ,& 9 all ! ,biographia ,lit]>ia !re is p]haps no m /rik+ sugge/ion ?an3 ,rem>k ! seem+ id5tity ( body & m9d 9 infants1 & !nce ! lovel9ess ( ! =m]4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ,col]idge's philosophy presupposes a bond betwe5 nature 9 ! high] s5se & ! s\l ( a man1 presupposes1 t is1 t ! _s ( ! arti/ has ! same gr\nd ) nature1 ^: unspok5 language he mu/ le>n 9 its ma9 radicals4 ,x is only by reason ( ?is bond t ext]nal nature1 ! manife/ation ( ,natura naturans1 l5ds itself to ! arti/ s t he too may manife/ himself4 ,to atta9 ?is end ! arti/ w imitate nature b n copy h]4 7,:at idle rivalry6 he exclaims4 ,is n a copy ( nature l a wax-"w figure1 :i* %ocks because x lacks ! motion & ! life :i* we expect$87 ,! arti/ imitates :at he p]ceives to be ess5tial 9 nature2 he takes ! images :i* life af=ds him & s disposes ( !m z to br+ to light ! unities :i* ! _s loves2 x is he :o br+s ord] out ( disord]1 impos+ ^u matt] a =m :i* ! imag9ation has conceiv$4 ,= ! purposes ( ! g5]al critic ( art1 ,col]idge has giv5 u too mu* & too little4 ,he gives u too mu*3 = ! acceptance ( 8 !ory 9 its complet5ess is only possible = ^? :o c also accept 8 metaphysic 78 arti/ /&s 9 a special relation%ip to t ,natura naturans :i* is a "n = ,god74 ,x is inde$ cle> to me t no complete conception ( ! op]ations ( art c be =m$ )\t a complete metaphysical !ory2 b bo? are difficult to atta94 ,bo? lead to speculation1 controv]sy1 & a ?\s& opportunities ( error4 ,& any sy/ematically complete !ory ( art1 seek+ z x mu/ to acc\nt = inf9ity1 mu/1 l all metaphysical sy/ems1 fall %ort ( ! tru? by precisely ! diff]5ce betwe5 inf9ite ?\ght & ! ?\ght ( "o man--by ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,univ]se & ,y or ,me4 ,^? :o are anxi\s to le>n :at c be le>nt ab\t ! creative process1 & to expla9 x to !mselves1 n 9 t]ms ( ab/ract ?\ght1 b 9 t]ms ( ! humanly intelligible & appreciable1 may be satisfi$ ) a l[] degree ( tru?1 ) some?+ m c]ta9 ?\gh n fully expla9$4 ,we may be cont5t if we c hit ^u "s lea/ common d5om9ator free f ! controv]sies ( metaphysics4 ,if t is our object1 ,col]idge has giv5 u too mu*4 ,b he has also giv5 u too little4 ,s g5]alis$ is 8 treatm5t t we are l$ to ! conclusion t 8 p]fect arti/ 7:o _c exi/7 ought to express no?+ less ?an ! :ole ( himself 9 "o s+le compreh5sive "w ( art1 z ! div9e ,creator is conceiv$ to h produc$ "o h>moni\s expression ( ,himself 9 ! ,univ]se4 ,:at he does n suffici5tly discuss is ! imp]fect arti/--! only arti/ t has yet be5 giv5 to ! _w4 ,x is true ! great g5ius 9 lett]s1 or any o!r k9d ( art1 c nev] re/ cont5t until he has bodi$ =? 9 a multitude ( works all ( t complex :i* is 8 conception ( life4 ,b he works "u ! conditions ( "t & space4 ,8 conception ( life has be5 modifi$ be=e he has _h "t to vanqui% "t4 ,9 practice1 at any giv5 mom5t1 he is at "w ^u a s+le aspect ( life1 ^u "o "p only ( 8 g5]al conception1 s t ! mo/ imm$iate task be=e him is n t ( unify+ nature1 b ( sep>at+1 ( select+2 & only :5 he has ?us sep>at$ & select$ c he proce$ to make a unity )9 t re/rict$ sph]e ( nature--8 p>ticul> subject4 ,on ?is practical "q1 ?is problem1 n ( p]fection b ( imp]fection1 ,col]idge is *>act]i/ically sil5t4 ,b at lea/ we mu/ foll[ him 9 8 view t ! great arti/ is engag$ 9 ! attempt to body =?1 ?r\gh ! symbols :i* ext]nal nature provides him1 8 fundam5tal conceptions ab\t life4 ,7 ?is n s1 art w\ld n be conc]n$1 z x claims to be1 ) :at is mo/ important 9 ! _w1 or at lea/ mo/ important to ! arti/4 ,no man 0 ev] yet a great poet1 he insi/$1 )\t be+ at ! same "t a pr(\nd philosoph]4 ,we may recall ! dictum ( ,m]$i?3 ,if we d n spe$ily embrace philosophy 9 fiction1 ! ,art is doom$ to ext9ction4 ,b !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! two views4 ,a "w ( art :i* is broad en\gh to embrace philosophy is n ! same ?+ z a "w ( art :i* is embrac$ by philosophy1 & is a complete product ( ! philosophical imag9ation4 ,m]$i? extoll$ ! intellect1 :i* works discursively2 ,col]idge extoll$ ! reason1 :i* appreh5ds intuitively4 ,= ,col]idge1 ! intellect 0 only ! organ by :i* rational conceptions & intuitions are logically appli$1 & adapt$ to circum/ance4 ,f 8 po9t ( view we might conclude t ! g5ius ( ,m]$i? miss$ ! greate/ effects because1 apply+ 8 intellect discursively to life1 he s (t5 refus$ to make x subs]vi5t to any c5tral conception or intuition4 ,h[ev] t may be1 x is impossible to resi/ at lea/ ?is conclusion1 t ! arti/ 9 ^: "w we feel a backgr\nd1 ^: "w sugge/s m ?an x directly is1 be+ capable ( ar\s+ numb]less feel+s & associations 9 ! m9d1 s t x /&s v]itably z a symbol ( ! :ole ( life1 is ! arti/ p> excell5ce4 ,mu* ( ?is effect may be produc$ by an unconsci\s activity :i* ,col]idge recognis$ z a "p ( ! activity ( g5ius4 ,nev]!less1 :e!r ! activity is consci\s or unconsci\s1 x _c d m ?an express :at arises 91 or passes ?r\gh1 ! imag9ation ( ! arti/2 x is 8 complex conception ( life & ! significance ( life1 8 def9ite individual outlook1 :i* acc\nts = ?is backgr\nd to a "w ( art1 = ?is sugge/iv5ess :i* makes x appeal+ & awak5+1 = ^! associations :i* x has cunn+ly br\ght be=e u4 ,& :e!r or n we are go+ to all[ t some?+ less ?an ?is c be call$ art1 t ! m]ely %apely 7%apely z if by accid5t7 ought to be includ$ 9 its category1 nev]!less1 x is ?is :i* holds ! highe/ place4 ,! answ] is giv5 by all ! great au?ors ( ! _w :o h left _! individual /amp ^u _! art1 :o creat$ images repres5tative ( life z !y conceiv$ x ess5tially to be4 ,b ,i am f> f hold+ t ^? c5tral conceptions :i* ! arti/ embodies ?r\gh ! =ms ( 8 art are metaphysical conceptions4 ,?is is :]e ,i %\ld disagree ) ,mr4 ,lascelles ,ab]crombie1 :o wrote "s pr(\ndly int]e/+ *apt]s on ?is subject 9 a book on ,?omas ,h>dy4 ,mr4 ,ab]crombie laid x d[n t e great arti/ mu/ h a metaphysic1 & t 9 br++ 8 subject-matt] "u ! =m conceiv$ by 8 imag9ation 8 metaphysic is ?r\gh\t ! "w consi/5tly repres5t$ 7( c\rse implicitly1 n explicitly72 & he sugge/$ t we may apply a def9ite /&>d ( criticism by ask+3 ,h[ f> does a "w ( art correspond ) ! arti/'s philosophical view ( life8--?is be+ = him ano!r way ( say+3 ,h[ f> has ! arti/ succe$$ 9 impos+ ! desir$ =m ^u 8 mat]ial8 ,) ! latt] mode ( /at+ ! "q ,i %\ld h no qu>rel4 ,b ! =m] implies t ! arti/ has devot$ himself to metaphysical /udies4 ,mr4 ,ab]crombie may h meant only t e "w ( art presupposes a metaphysic2 b s does ev]y?+ 9 ! _w4 ,! rem>k w\ld sc>cely h be5 wor? mak+4 ,s ,i suppose him to h meant t e great arti/ mu/ h subdu$ 8 m9d to a def9ite philosophical int]pretation ( ! ,univ]se1 & t 9 8 works he %[s nature & human life z p>ts ( ! cosmic s*eme def9itely conceiv$ by him4 ,z x happ5$1 ! p>ticul> noveli/ :om he 0 consid]+1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,h>dy1 exactly answ]s to ?is description4 ,s does ,sophocles1 s does ,milton--au?ors specially e/eem$ by ,mr4 ,ab]crombie4 ,hom]1 too1 might p]haps be acc\nt$ = 9 ?is way2 = he _h at any rate a p]fectly def9ite conception ( ! relation ( m5 to ! gods ( ,olympus & to ! gho/s :o trod ! mead ( ,asphodel2 & to ! p]fect spontaneity1 ! unhesitat+ c]ta9ty ) :i* ,hom] bodies =? ! conviction ( pan!ism is due mu* ( ! *>m & inf9ite delight ( ! ,epics4 ,p]haps ) +5uity "o might discov] a metaphysic = ,%akespe>e--& ev5 if we c\ld n discov] x1 none ! less x may h be5 !re4 ,b h[ ab\t ,h]rick1 ,rob]t ,burns1 or ev5 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,james8 ,are we to equip !m ) a metaphysic1 or exclude !m f ! portals ( art8 ,%all we n ga9 m by requir+ f an arti/ some?+1 def9ite inde$1 b less exact+ & elusive ?an a def9ite s*eme ( ! ,univ]se2 some?+ :i* w\ld admit1 = example1 ,calv]ley2 :i* w\ld take "s he$ ( ! simple/ ( songs1 & acc\nt = ,lewis ,c>roll 9 ! same way t we c acc\nt = ,sophocles or ,milton8 ,!re is surely some?+ m ess5tial to a man ev5 ?an 8 codification ( himself 9 ! f9al t]ms ( philosophy4 ,x is t k]nel ( p]sonality :i* incl9es him 9 ?is direction or t4 ,x is ?is k]nel ( p]sonality :i* turns him 9 ! fir/ place to philosophy1 if he be a philosoph]2 or :i* makes him dete/ ab/ract speculation1 if he is ano!r k9d ( man4 ,x is prior to philosophy4 ,x is a condition ( its be+4 ,x det]m9es1 surely1 ev5 ! "* ( a man's metaphysic1 sett+ him1 n to range l an aimless gho/ ( ?\ght across ! ,univ]se1 b to express himself accurately2 to express himself1 ) ! help ( 8 intellect1 consi/5tly4 ,n[ ! arti/1 or imag9ative p]son1 is n seek+ to express himself1 l ! philosoph]1 9 t]ms ( logical notions2 & he is "u no obligation to express himself1 to himself1 logically1 be=e he proce$s to express himself imag9atively4 ,all t is ess5tial is t ! k]nel ( 8 p]sonality1 t :i* det]m9es philosophies z x det]m9es e o!r a*ievem5t1 %\ld be directly1 imm$iately1 express$ 9 ! figurative language ( 8 art4 ,?is is ! c5tral1 ! all-important ?+1 t f9al1 ess5tial1 & !re=e indef9able entity :i* has ?ru/ itself ^u u :5 we say ( a man t he has an int]e/+ p]sonality4 ,! m p[]ful & en]getic a man is1 ! m di/9ctive become 8 ways ( look+ at ?+s1 8 ways ( ?9k+1 obs]v+1 appreciat+2 we discov] a k9d ( c5tre ( gravity 9 him1 or a k]nel :i* has be5 develop$ by active exp]i5ce & reflection4 ,?is k]nel ( 8 "* is to ! re/ ( him1 ! accid5tal or iness5tial1 :at 9 ! language ( mod]n philosophy ! real w ( an individual is to ! v>iety ( 8 p>ticul> desires4 ,! less he conc5trates1 ! less is 8 real p]sonality express$2 ! weak] ! w1 ! m evid5t ! iness5tial & slov5ly p>ts ( 8 nature2 ! weak] ! intellig5ce1 ! less adequate is 8 attempt to express himself4 ,! arti/ has n necess>ily t /rong p]sonality :i* attempts to ass]t itself by influ5c+ ! action ( o!rs4 ,8 is ! p]sonality :i* wi%es to express imag9atively4 ,& by imag9ation ,i mean ! mak+ ( images--,i mean t /ret*+ out ( ! ess5tial p]sonality t[>ds nature1 s t x may t\* nature at z _m po9ts z possible1 fa%ion+ x into images1 b9d+ itself to nature1 & nature to itself1 ev] seek+ to exp& 9 ?is contact or sympa?y1 s t z f> z possible ! :ole ess5tial p]sonality may be express$ ?r\gh z mu* z possible ( nature4 ,! arti/ic impulse1 ! poetic or creative impulse1 is t :i* impels him to ! expression ( :at is mo/ really & c5trally himself4 ,! _w ( nature z p]ceiv$ by him :5 he is 9 full possession ( himself assumes a =m s*em$ by 8 imag9ation2 & x is ?is :i* he endeav\rs to body =? :5 he selects n[ ^! & n[ ^? objects to repres5t 8 conception ( life4 ,we may1 !n1 take x t ! fir/ ess5tial to an arti/ is ! imag9ative impulse :i* makes him desire to express himself 9 t]ms ( life4 ,& ! second is t en]getic quality by :i* he endeav\rs to express :at is c5tral to 8 p]sonality1 t "p ( him :i* is 8 real self4 ,?is is :at is meant by s9c]ity 9 art4 ,& a ?ird surely is a sort ( self-deta*m5t1 or sympa?y1 or k1 by means ( :i* he is able to e/imate ! mat]ial 9 :i* he works4 ,! two la/ m5tion$ qualities1 tak5 toge!r1 imply a s5se ( =m1 9 accordance ) :i* ! idea is embodi$ 9 ! f9i%$ "w ( art1 & te*nique--! pr(essional k by ! help ( :i* ?is embodim5t is accompli%$4 ,! objection may be rais$ t ! man :o has an ess5tially di/ort$ or meagre p]sonality & succe$s exactly 9 express+ himself is1 accord+ to my e/imate1 entitl$ to ! same arti/ic cr$it z a man ( ! l(tie/ ideas4 ,to t ,i reply t ?\gh ! clue to 8 "w is to be f\nd1 9 ! la/ resort1 9 8 p]sonality1 x is n by 8 p]sonality t he is to be judg$2 he is to be judg$ by 8 works2 & 9 produc+ ^! works he expresses himself1 n 9 t]ms ( himself1 b 9 t]ms ( ext]nal objects1 9 t]ms ( life kn[n to all ( u2 & t if he p]fectly expresses di/ort$ or meagre views ( life1 ! repres5tation ( life :i* he gives to u w itself be palpably di/ort$ & meagre4 ,we are all capable ( detect+ ! falsity if ! facts ( life are di/ort$ be=e our eyes1 or repres5t$ 9 s dull or meagre a way t !y af=d u no vivid exp]i5ce :atsoev]4 ,an arti/ /&s self-condemn$ if 8 int]pretation fails to correspond ) t outw>d life to :i* our s5ses are a suffici5t guide4 ,inde$ we h already dem&$1 z a self-evid5t axiom1 t ! arti/ %\ld af=d u a vivid exp]i5ce1 & t :i* directly contradicts ! tru? ( common s5se c produce no exp]i5ce except t ( confusion or disgu/4 ,x belongs to ! fir/ rudim5ts ( art--! m]e gramm>--t an arti/'s convictions1 z bodi$ =? 9 s5se-giv5 symbols1 %\ld n palpably & %ock+ly contradict ! conditions ( ! s5sible _w2 8 is ! f> m difficult & delicate task ( express+ himself1 n by violation1 b by selection1 emphasis1 recon/ruction4 ,! p5alty he mu/ pay if he refuses ^! t]ms is t ( be+ un9telligible4 ,b grant$ t ! arti/ has obey$ ?is law1 :i* is obvi\s to ! majority ( ! sane1 we fur!r dem& f him t 8 "w %\ld be s9c]e1 t is to say1 t x %\ld be consi/5t ) 8 own cle>e/ conceptions1 8 mo/ urg5t convictions1 8 mo/ p5etrat+ intuitions--9 a ^w1 consi/5t ) t c5tral ?+ :i* ,i h call$ ! k]nel ( 8 p]sonality4 ,an arti/ is 9 ?is s5se ins9c]e :5ev]1 = example1 he ins]ts any?+ 9 8 "w :i* exi/s solely = ! sake ( conv5tion--"s ( ,%akespe>e's cl[n sc5es 7 (t5 put 9 solely because an ,elizabe?an audi5ce dem&$ !m1 & !y 7 to t ext5t a truckl+ to conv5tion1 an ins9c]ity4 ,!y d n express ! real ,%akespe>e4 ,any arti/ n capable ( entirely direct & spontane\s expression 7& probably no great art 0 ev] completely spontane\s7 mu/ make up 8 m9d ab\t himself1 ab\t :at is temp]am5tally real 9 him1 ab\t t :i* is 8 prim>y raison d'tre2 & 9 accordance )1 & out ( ?is k]nel ( himself he mu/ int]pret all t he t\*es4 ,by ?is means alone c he introduce ord]1 =m1 unity into ! indet]m9ate *aos ( life4 ,by ?is means alone c life assume coh]5t %ape "u 8 h&s1 & x is coh]5ce & %ape :i* alone c give u ! impression ( beauty1 ( t coh]5t %apel9ess ( matt] drawn into ! semblance ( a liv+ organism4 ,x may be a v simple unity1 ?is microcosm ( art1 l a cell comp\nd$ f protoplasm1 yet x w give u its correspond+ pleasure1 s long z x is made ) ! s9c]ity ( ! imag9ation4 ,if x is m]ely ! in=m+ ( life ) ! _s ( light laught]--z 9 ,calv]ley--x af=ds its prop] pleasure--x is ! spectacle ( life drawn up into t k9d ( imag9ation to :i* laught] belongs4 ,lewis ,c>roll's ,alice is 9 ! same s5se a "w ( art4 ,is !re n ?r\gh\t ^? two mo/ *>m+ ( *ildr5's books an entirely consi/5t _s ( bonhomie & exquisite rationality--rationality ( an ord] high en\gh to produce ^? delightful expositions ( ! irrational & ! absurd8 ,t ! au?or ( ,alice 9 ,wond]l& 0 a ma!matician is exactly :at we might h expect$--?\gh he 01 :at ma!maticians r>ely are1 ! arti/-ma!matician1 :o und]/ood ! _w intuitively z well z logically1 & ?us manife/$ 8 _s ( laught] & logic ?r\gh an inv]t$ _w ( contradiction4 ,& s aga91 if we take a mod]n au?or ( a v diff]5t type1 su* a "o z ,h5ry ,james1 ^: conc]n x is to /ate life1 ) a view to ?r[+ into relief ! f9] %ades1 we %all obs]ve t mo/ ( 8 "w is *>act]is$ by a k9d ( int5sive culture1 z oppos$ to t ext5sive me?od :i* ?r\gh lack ( =m 0 abus$ 9 ,dick5s1 & ?r\gh ob$i5ce to =m 0 satisfactorily appli$ by ! poet ,sw9burne at 8 be/4 ,we may safely say t :5 ,sw9burne 0 at 8 be/1 :5 he 0 himself1 8 _w 0 a _w ( rhy?mical en]gy1 ( impetu\s fre$om & s5su\s activity1 :i*1 translat$ into poetry1 0 express$ ?r\gh ! symbols ( love & sea-foam & battle2 to be true to ! g5ius :i* 0 c5tral to himself1 he requir$ no pregnancy or subtle sugge/iv5ess ( phrase2 he ne$$ no m ?an rhyme1 rhy?m & onomatopic words1 & ) ^! he gave all he _h to give--! s5se ( en]gy rememb]$1 ! s5su\s delight ( physical activity1 a _w ( div9ely glorifi$ s5sation4 ,mature read]s d n seek him (t51 = !re are only a few moods :i* he c satisfy4 ,a writ] su* z ,mr4 ,h5ry ,james /&s at ! exactly opposite pole4 ,x 0 ! prop] bus9ess ( su* a man z ,sw9burne m]ely to affirm s5sation1 & he c\ld d x p]fectly4 ,x is ! prop] bus9ess ( ,mr4 ,james1 n to ass]t s5sation or any exp]i5ce--he c\ld n d x ) s9c]ity--b to "q s5sation1 to "q emotion & s5tim5t2 x is 8 prop] bus9ess to exam9e exp]i5ce ) ! amus$1 se>*+ gaze ( "o :o expects ! unexpect$4 ,x is 8 bus9ess to make exp]i5ce int]e/+1 n1 l ,sw9burne1 by multiplication1 b r by division--by ! me?od ( ! microscope :i* reveals 9 a fly's w+ "s unsuspect$ f95ess ( patt]n & v>iegat$ brilliance ( col\r4 ,he himself is fond ( ! ^w curiosity2 x def9es some?+ t is c5tral to 8 p]sonality2 ?is1 br\ght into activity by ! repres5tational impulse 7:i* 9 8 op9ion is ! "o ju/ification = ! arti/71 takes =m 9 ! intricate & delicately wov5 patt]ns ( human temp]am5t :i* are ! objects ( 8 curiosity4 ,& n[ we beg9 to see :y e critic1 :5 consid]+ an au?or's works1 almo/ inv>iably1 & in/9ctively1 exam9es n only 8 f9i%$ works1 b also :atev] may be kn[n ab\t him z a man4 ,i admit1 z all w\ld admit1 t 8 works mu/ /& or fall solely on _! own acc\nt2 b ! critic f9ds t 9 seek+ to discov] ! c5tral int]e/ & significance ( an au?or's art 8 task is facilitat$ if once he c f9d ! clue to 8 temp]am5t4 ,?is back/airs k does ! trick = him4 ,! bond betwe5 ! man & 8 art is s necess>y & imm$iate t no objectiv5ess ( me?od c conceal x4 ,x 0 by realis+ ?is fact1 & apply+ 8 exceptionally f9e critical intuition to ?is task1 t ,pr(essor ,raleigh1 consid]+ ! ess5tials1 0 able to draw a v mu* m conv9c+ picture ( ! p]sonality ( ,%akespe>e ?an t :i* 0 drawn1 brilliantly inde$1 by ,mr4 ,frank ,h>ris2 b ,mr4 ,h>ris1 ,i ?9k1 devot$ 8 att5tion to qualities 9 ,%akespe>e :i*--:e!r 9 any s5se real or n--7 9 any case second>y & iness5tial elem5ts 9 ! dramati/'s "*4 ,& ?is is :y 8 criticism1 9 spite ( its brilliance1 0 comp>atively unimportant4 ,i mu/ n be suppos$ to mean t ! arti/ beg9s ) an ab/ract conception1 & t he !n proce$s to se>* = objects suitable to its concrete repres5tation4 ,!re are1 ,i "k1 brilliant noveli/s & pa9t]s :o h proce$$ 9 t mann]2 b ! result1 to my m9d1 seldom reveals t complete unity ( object & idea :i* m5 require2 = ?is me?od is s dep5d5t ^u ! intellectual fitt+ ( facts to idea t ei!r ! facts are =c$ & made unreal1 or ! idea is sacrific$4 ,i am told t 9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,conrad ! process is rev]s$2 he p]ceives1 z by vision1 "s int5se s+le situation--t picture1 = in/ance1 9 ,"l ,jim1 :]e ! ,capta9 look+ ov] ! side ( 8 %ip is tempt$ to des]t 8 crew4 ,su* a situation1 a focal po9t 9 a /ory1 is = ! arti/ object & idea 9 "o1 simultane\sly pres5t$ by ! imag9ation2 ! union ( matt] & _s is already !re at ! mom5t ( creation2 & 9 t way1 ,i imag9e1 mo/ ( ! f9e/ pictures1 poems1 dramas & /ories h be5 fir/ conceiv$4 ,:5 once t focal po9t has be5 pres5t$ 9 all its vividness & significance by ! imag9ation1 x rema9s = ! arti/ to mass 8 detail 9 & ar\nd x z appropriately z 8 inv5tion & te*nique p]mit4 ,we h n[ rea*$ conclusions :i* 7 approa*$ f two di/9ct po9ts ( view4 ,/>t+ f c]ta9 axioms or self-evid5t propositions1 & look+ at art f ! outside1 ,i sugge/$ t x mu/ provide u ) an en]getic exp]i5ce :i* we value = its own sake )\t ?\ght ( consequ5ces or ali5 int]e/s1 an exp]i5ce :i* has a f95ess or an illum+ quality ( its own4 ,& exam9+ ! same "q f ! inside--f ! side ( ! m5tal processes impli$ 9 ! act ( creation--,i h tri$ to adapt ! conclusions ( ,col]idge to a view :i* %\ld n pre-suppose 8 metaphysic1 & h ask$ :at is impli$ 9 ?is f95ess or illum+ quality 9 a "w ( art1 ?is :i* is call$ beautiful4 ,& :5 we le>nt t all creative art comes f ! imag9ation ( ! arti/ project+ itself ^u ! mat]ial ( life1 ,i conclud$ t ! two ?+s ess5tial to ! creative imag9ation 7 k & s9c]ity--k ( life itself1 s t ! arti/ c use an intelligible language & speak 9 t]ms ( ?+s real to ev]yone--& s9c]ity1 mean+ con=mity ) t :i* is ess5tial or c5tral 9 ! arti/ himself4 ,art is ?us a repres5tation ( actual life 9 t]ms ( ! arti/4 ,x mu/ be real1 & x mu/ be ideal4 ,x is ! act ( g5ius to be able to give u 9 "o & ! same creation a repres5tation ( nature & an expression ( ! arti/'s p]sonality4 ,?is is ! new ?+ :i* g5ius con/antly adds to ! sum-total ( human exp]i5ce--x is ! old /uff ( life quick5$ & illum9at$ by ! new inc>nation4 ,& ?us ! /uff ( life itself is increas$1 & succe$+ arti/s />t ) a wid] range ( mat]ial4 ,we %all n f9d any actual arti/ completely satisfy+ ! dem&4 ,= ! difficulties ( =m are endless1 & s\nds1 col\rs1 words are ob/9ate mat]ials :5 !y are to be made ! vehicle ( ideas2 & ev5 ! arti/ 9 ! full tide ( ! creative impulse mu/ always f9d t he has express$ some?+ less ?an 8 int5tion & has /ray$ into ! pa?less wa/es ( ! iness5tial4 ,b x is ! bus9ess ( ! critic to give him cr$it = all t is attempt$ 9 ! s9c]e _s ( ! imag9ation1 & at ! same "t1 9 sympa?y ) ! actualities ( nature2 = on ! union ( ^! two dep5ds ! tru? :i* is ! beauty ( art4 ,b ! arti/ himself is n necess>ily conc]n$ ) ^! !ories4 ,8 ma9 bus9ess is int]c\rse ) life1 & also ! envisag+ ( life r by m$itation z ,col]idge says1 ?an by obs]vation4 ,he has to bew>e ( ! facts :i* ov]came ,col]idge himself1 :5 he sacrific$ ! div9ity ( 8 art to t philosophy :i* bani%$ ! god4 ,well 7 x = me1 he exclaims1 if ,i _h cont9u$ to pluck ! fl[]s & reap ! h>ve/ f ! cultivat$ surface1 in/ead ( delv+ 9 ! un:olesome quicksilv] m9es ( metaphysic dep?s4 ,! %ap+ _s ( imag9ation :i* impell$ him to unrivall$ poetry 9 8 y\? 0 />v$ 9 him1 n only because ( 8 ill-heal?1 8 pov]ty1 8 drugs & laz9ess1 b equally because he d5i$ expression to fancy1 & ! love ( nature & ! s5se ( beauty 9 =ms & s\nds4 ,= him p]haps x 0 a poor comp5sation t ?r\gh ?is d5ial he 0 able to leave u a unique int]pretation ( 8 /hetic & creative exp]i5ce4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,! ^w flav\r 9 ?is connection 0 con/antly us$ by ! late ,canon ,a+]4 ,,iii ,,passions ,,sp9 ,,! ,,plot ,if ! read] has borne ) my audacity 9 g5]alis+ ab\t ! ma9 functions ( imag9ative lit]ature1 he w be will+ to pursue a fur!r & pla9] "q conc]n+ its subject-matt]4 ,x is "t to discuss a little m fully :at ,i mean by t en]getic exp]i5ce :i* a "w ( art c give u4 ,= ! sake ( simplicity ,i w conf9e myself to a s+le issue--to t k9d ( en]getic exp]i5ce inv>iably af=d$ by t small body ( imag9ative lit]ature :i* ! _w has agre$ to reg>d z supreme4 ,if we c und]/& h[ lit]ature 9 its greate/ examples provides u ) an addition to life1 we c1 if we are 9 ! m9d to d s1 ext5d ! inquiry to ! light] & less int5se exp]i5ces ( second>y lit]ature4 ,by supreme lit]ature ,i mean ! lit]ature :i* has prov$ itself to be supreme--supreme by virtue ( its conque/ ov] "t & ov] *anges 9 ?\ght & environm5t4 ,! ,iliad & ! ,odyssey are 9 a language :i* we %\ld h to le>n if only = ! sake ( ^! two epics2 !y /ill pr(\ndly int]e/ u1 !y pres5t emotions :i* c /ill move u2 )\t ,hom]1 ! society :i* !y describe w\ld h vani%$ f human k2 ?r\gh ,hom]1 x is an intimate & *]i%$ "p ( our exp]i5ce4 ,?is k9d ( supremacy belongs1 ,i ?9k1 to s*ylus & ,sophocles1 & might p]haps be attribut$ to ! ,gospel ( ,s4 ,m>k1 if t book may be consid]$ z imag9ative lit]ature4 ,virgil & ,dante--9 "p at lea/--are ( ?is ord]1 z also are ,milton1 9 ,samson ,agoni/es & ! e>li] books ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 & ,goe! 9 ! fir/ "p ( ,fau/4 ,& !re are few besides ,mr4 ,%aw :o w\ld d5y su* supremacy to ! trag$ies ( ,%akespe>e4 ,n[ ^! au?ors h surviv$1 & are likely to survive1 = a v>iety ( reasons4 ,b :at is common to !m all1 & :at makes u set especial /ore on !m1 is n m]ely t !y h 9 l>ge measure a*iev$ :at !y set out to d 7less] arti/s h done t71 b t !y h set out to d a big ?+1 to give u ! mo/ int5se k9d ( exp]i5ce t we c h4 ,9 o!r words1 !y h produc$ ! f95ess :i* em]ges ?r\gh ! int5sity ( human passion1 & x is 9 proportion to _! f9e realisation ( passion t we f9d !m mo/ mov+4 ,i am n1 ( c\rse1 us+ ! ^w passion 9 its mod]n vulg>is$ s5se4 ,= j z ! ^w romance is (t5 degrad$ to signify no m ?an a petty love affair1 s ! ^w passion has be5 appropriat$ to ! amor\s1 sexual pre-occupation :i* is ! only int5se feel+ ( _m jad$ mod]ns4 ,humanity1 h[ev] devitalis$1 h[ev] incapable ( v>i$ passions1 does n lose ! love passion s long z x has ! animal in/9ct ( ! fly & ! rudim5t>y human in/9ct to idealise4 ,b a race mu/ be /rangely incuri\s if ! only romance x c conceive is ! romance ( a y\? & a maid1 & its only passion ! passion ( sexual desire4 ,yet su* is ! /ate ( m9d--to judge by ! common usage ( words--( ! major portion ( mod]n society4 ,ne$less to say1 ,i am n wi%+ to disp>age ! lit]ature ( love1 :e!r x be poetry1 fiction1 or ( any o!r k9d4 ,engli% p lea/ ( all c af=d to belittle x1 = if we elim9at$ x half ( our be/ lyrical poetry w\ld g4 ,= we c\nt x a di/9ction 9 ,engli% poetry t ^u ?is !me ! *anges h be5 rung s f9ely & to su* exquisite effect4 ,b mu* ( ! f95ess ( love poetry is to be di/+ui%$ f ! f95ess ( ! emotion ( love4 ,lovelace decl>es to 8 ,luca/a3 ,true1 a new mi/ress n[ ,i *ase1 ,! fir/ foe 9 ! field2 ,& ) a /rong] fai? embrace ,a sword1 a horse1 a %ield4 ,t is 9 ! true _s ( ,engli% love poetry1 :i* does n s idealise ! amor\s passion z to make x1 9 ! mod]n emasculate mann]1 a sub/itute = val\r1 fai?1 hon\r2 x is n oppos$ to ! manly virtues2 x may be ! song :i* a w>rior s+s to ! clank ( a sword1 a horse1 a %ield4 ,b let u = a mom5t exam9e ?is matt] ( passion ) :i* great creative lit]ature is s evid5tly conc]n$4 ,no acute physical pa9 or ?rill+ s5su\s delight is ev] dignifi$ ) ! "n ( passion1 9 ! significant s5se ( ! ^w2 ! ess5ce ( passion is m5tal1 or spiritual2 emotion made int5se by idealism turn$ 9 a def9ite direction1 t is to say1 by ! idealis+ ( an object :i* a man has set be=e himself4 ,! mean+ ! ^w has acquir$ is almo/ ! opposite ( passivity2 x implies a /ate ( ! s\l 9 unre/1 a /ate requir+ action4 ,passion is a suff]+ :]e ! m9d assails ! body & torm5ts x ) an ideal imp]ative2 & x is ! d\ble trag$y ( passion t ! w may n be /rong en\gh1 z 9 ! case ( ,hamlet1 to translate t imp]ative into action2 & second1 z we h x 9 ,fau/1 t ! object1 :5 atta9$1 proves to be n ! ?+ t 0 desir$4 ,9 a great passion ! m9d is set ^u an object :i* x idealises beyond ! possibility ( complete satisfaction1 & !re is suff]+ because ! w is ?w>t$ & *eat$ ( its ideal4 ,macbe?'s passionate ambition to be a k+1 enc\rag$ 9 him by ! wit*es' *ant1 is an ambition = some?+ t no be+ a k+ c satisfy2 & ! trag$y ( 8 passion lies 9 ! pa9ful ef=t by :i* he w9s 8 object & ! pa9ful disillusion :5 x turns to du/4 ,! passions ) :i* lit]ature deals run side by side ) actions t are impell$ by ideals4 ,! ri*e/ m9d is t :i* c idealise e k9d ( activity1 :i* c see :at we call poetry 9 e commonplace1 :i* c read de/9y 9 app>5tly petty desires1 :i* wid5s ! vision ( life by see+ 9 e action man 9 relation to ! ,univ]se4 ,9 art & 9 life passions are limit$ by ! b\nds ( our p]ceptive imag9ation2 by ! ext5t to :i* we are capable ( see+ & feel+ ?+s int5sely4 ,if we only see or feel ambition z a petty & sordid ?+1 9 a petty & sordid p]son1 we _c make a tragic passion ( ambition2 if jeal\sy is a little vice ) no m ?an small results x _c be ! !me ( imag9ative lit]ature2 if ! religi\s ideal _c be conceiv$ z possess+ ! :ole s\l1 we _c appreciate ! religi\s passion ( a ,john ,+lesant2 if rev5ge is no m ?an spite !re c be no ,hamlet1 nor a ,le> if arrogance is unmix$ ) love & hon\r4 ,if1 to-day1 ! passion ( love is treat$ m (t5 ?an any o!r emotion1 t is probably because ! "o capacity = int5se exp]i5ce1 :i* nev] seems to des]t ! human race1 is ! capacity to id5tify ! sex impulse ) an ideal4 ,! great arti/ is n conf9$ to ?is "o *annel ( idealism4 ,he sees bran*+ out 9 e direction all ! human activities int5sifi$ or ref9$ by a spirituality :i* ! less] p]son sees only "u ! /ress ( love4 ,b ?is fact is to be notic$1 t :e!r x is love ( a woman1 :e!r x is ambition1 :e!r x is love ( humanity1 :e!r x is religi\s zeal1 rev5ge1 or any?+ else :atsoev] on a great scale1 passion implies idealism1 an object set be=e ! m9d 9 its spiritual or imag9ative capacity1 & t ! int5sity ( ! passion is enhanc$ by ! difficulty ( ! que/4 ,great passion1 !n1 is a k9d ( critical union1 or r half-union1 ( body & s\l4 ,x is ! p]petual ef=t ( ! body to become s\l1 ! real to become ideal2 ! pa9ful & ev] fru/rat$ ef=t ( ! individual to become univ]sal2 or conv]sely1 ! pa9ful condition ( ! human s\l :i* sees its ideal %att]$ & its glory r$uc$ to du/ & a%es4 ,its "* is a problem = religion no less ?an = /hetics4 ,x is ,br[n+ :o decl>es3 ,b prie/s ,%\ld /udy passion2 h[ else cure mank9d1 ,:o come = help 9 passionate extremes8 ,! dramati/ & ! noveli/ ne$ no m ?an ! p[] to create su* a passion2 = ! great] includes ! less2 x is n a*iev$ 9 art1 unless plot1 n>rative1 /yle1 & all ! subsidi>y devices h s]v$ to expose x 9 its reality & its int5sity4 ,?is is presumably :at ,dumas pre meant 9 ! l9es :i* ,h5ley quotes f him3 ,all he want$ 0 'f\r tre/les1 f\r bo>ds1 two actors1 & a passion4' ,! passionate h]o ei!r /ra9s t[>ds an idealis$ object1 or he /ill proclaims 8 ye>n+ aft] ! ideal by ! lam5tations ) :i* he curses 8 ill-fate4 ,?r\gh\t ,greek trag$y !re is an und]curr5t ( prote/ aga9/ inexorable ,fate :i* is set aga9/ ! realisation ( ! ideal4 ,! passion ( ,prome!us sums up ! p]petual agony ( ! human race 9 its p]petual /riv+ to rise beyond its limitations4 ,! tragic irony ( ! ,greeks is b ! expression ( ! trag$y ( passion 9 its pitiful reaction f hope1 ! int5sity ( feel+ ) :i* m5 see desire defeat$ & ideal unatta9able4 ,s1 too1 9 ! mo/ int5se mom5ts ! *>act]s ( ,%akespe>e become ironical3 ,mis]y makes ,sport to mock itself4 ,& we c readily und]/&1 :at "s p]sons h ?\ght /range1 t ,ophelia's language %\ld become co>se1 l ,le>'s1 9 ! full tide ( bitt]ness4 ,x is ! reaction aft] ! p]ception ( a spiritual beauty4 ,! beauty seems brok52 ! e>? & its f\lness rema91 & ! angui%$ _s sees ! f\lness exagg]at$ by contra/ ) its ideal4 ,le>1 :o _h se5 8 daught]s z p>agons1 sees !m n[ z c5taurs2 he1 :o _h ador$ _! filial devotion1 comp>es !m n[ to ! mo/ obsc5e ?+s :i* c besmir* ! sight2 no?+ is too %ameful to express ! fall f t ideal4 ,we see1 !n1 :y x is t ! highe/ =ms ( lit]ature are necess>ily conc]n$ ) pa94 ,x is n m]ely t art requires int5sity ( feel+1 & t ! emotion ( pa9 is ! mo/ int5se we "k4 ,x is because ! highe/ lit]ature mu/ necess>ily be conc]n$ ) human be+s 9 _! mo/ pr(\nd aspirations1 9 _! mo/ deeply exp]i5c$ /riv+s ea* aft] 8 own ideal1 accord+ to 8 own conception ( :at w satisfy him2 & x is because 9 ! nature ( ?+s su* an ideal is m ?an exp]i5ce c satisfy t ! angui% ( /riv+ & ! angui% ( failure are ! subjects ( art4 ,a play su* z ,m>l[e's ,tamburla9e c nev] be reg>d$ z great drama4 ,amid sc5es ( magnific5ce & spl5did savage rhetoric ,tamburla9e passes on f triumph to triumph1 ! inc>nation ( ! conqu]+ w4 ,!re are numb]less deta*$ passages ( :at we may call lyrical poetry--= a lyrical poem expresses no m ?an a mom5t's mood1 a s+le phase ( ! sequ5ce :i* is passion4 ,b !re is no passionate sequ5ce 9 ,tamburla9e2 x is a monoton\s record ( mu*-vaunt$ triumphs4 ,we d n feel ! pa9ful /ruggle2 !re is no prospect ( defeat2 !re is no /orm & /ress ( an ideal at /ake1 a human be+ batt]$ by circum/ance4 ,we may1 if we are brutal en\gh1 b[ d[n be=e ,tamburla9e's ,jugg]naut c>2 b he does n t\* our emotions2 he is n a tragic h]o4 ,trag$y has no int]e/ 9 sup]m52 unless1 inde$1 l ,*apman's ,bussy d',ambois1 ! h]o has ! c\rage ( ! sup]man ) ! limitations ( ! re/ ( humanity4 ,b if ! sup]man is n a possible subject = great art1 nei!r is ! crawl+ e>?worm4 ,_m mod]n au?ors & critics seem to consid] t because tragic passion is always pa9ful1 !re=e pa9 is ! ess5tial ?+ 9 trag$y4 ,x is ?is grossly false assumption t is responsible = _m disa/]s 9 contempor>y lit]ature2 x is ! deep-ly+ error 9 mu* ( our s-call$ intellectual drama & intellectual fiction4 ,i h he>d au?ors & critics compla9 t ! public w n read c]ta9 books or g to c]ta9 plays because !y are pa9ful or grim4 ,if x _h be5 because ^! books or plays 7 passionate t ! public _h refus$ to att5d1 ,i %\ld h und]/ood ! compla9t4 ,pa9 )\t passion may be sci5tifically int]e/+1 b x has no arti/ic cont5t1 no high emotional significance4 ,inde$1 x is n true to suppose t ! public dislikes ! spectacle ( ! pa9ful or ! ugly4 ,all "k some?+ ( ! fasc9ation :i* di/urb$ ,leontius1 ! son ( ,aglaion1 :o1 com+ up f ! ,piru1 obs]v$ dead bodies on ! gr\nd2 & desir+ to look at !m & loa?+ ! ?\ght op5$ 8 eyes wide1 exclaim+1 ,!re1 y wret*es1 take y\r fill ( ! horrid sight6 ,if anyone d\bts ?is let him recall t a pa9ful & sordid episode 9 ! law-c\rts fasc9ates ! public j z x is fasc9at$ by ! crude villa9ies ( ,ea/-end melodrama2 & t ! mo/ highly moralis$ section ( ! public c be /irr$ to att5d to ! p]secution ( ,congo natives or ,mac$onian ,*ri/ians only by ! mo/ appall+ /ories ( massacre1 outrage1 & v>i\s =ms ( extreme suff]+4 ,surely x is n because !y are conc]n$ ) pa9ful subjects t _m ( ! intellectual dramati/s h fail$--fail$1 ,i mean1 n only ) ! v ignorant public1 b also ) m discrim9at+ audi5ces4 ,9 "s cases1 :i* x is n my bus9ess "h to specify1 !y h fail$ because ! au?ors h set _! he>ts on a problem outside ! subject ( _! art1 & ! art has suff]$ 9 consequ5ce2 = only dis9t]e/$ art has ! p[] to move u4 ,9 "s cases !y h fail$ because ! au?ors h held !ories :i* ,i believe to be fatal to lit]ature4 ,! n>r[ view ( :at is call$ ,realism has be5 an adjunct to intellectual faddism & propag&ism1 & has s]v$ to /]ilise lit]ature4 ,! great ,reali/s h nev] be5 m]e ,reali/s2 !y h nev] ?\ght t to produce art x is suffici5t m]ely to reproduce fact4 ,! ^w ,tru? has be5 introduc$ 9 ! mo/ %ameless fa%ion4 ,x is true t !re are m5 )\t arms & legs & noses1 b to del9eate su* a creature ) exquisite accuracy is n to produce a fai?ful r5d]+ ( life4 ,x is true t !re are drab1 sordid1 expressionless lives1 )\t happ9ess1 )\t hope1 )\t ideals4 ,to describe ^! lives 9 all _! mis]able detail may be ( inf9ite value = social & re=m+ purposes4 ,x may be ! duty ( e "o ( u to /udy ^! sores 9 ! body politic = ! exi/5ce ( :i* we are collectively responsible4 ,x may be crav5 c[>dice n to op5 our eyes wide to ^! pa9ful & hide\s facts1 :i* cry out to be remov$ & prev5t$4 ,& if any p]son ^: en?usiasm 9 life x is to aboli% !m hits ^u an arti/ic device = call+ att5tion to !m1 he is ju/ifi$ by 8 object4 ,b let u nev]!less be frank ab\t ! matt]4 ,8 object is ! removal ( abuses4 ,to /ir emotions 9 a f9e way is n 8 prim>y end & aim2 x is = him only a means to some?+ else4 ,we are n condemn+ him :5 we say t 8 object is n ! object ( ! creative arti/1 :o is conc]n$ ) life n 9 its p>tial aspects1 b z a :ole4 ,b he on 8 "p has no "r to compla9 if he fails4 ,! tru? ) :i* he is conc]n$ is a sci5tific case1 n an arti/ic tru?4 ,he has fail$ to /ir our emotions because ! attempt to /ir emotions 0 only a dodge on 8 "p2 he 0 play+ a trick on u1 = a laudable end1 & if we are n tak5 9 ! fault is n ours4 ,drama1 fiction1 poetry1 & ! o!r f9e arts _c tol]ate ev5 ! be/-int5tion$ ins9c]ity4 ,!re is "h no arbitr>y dogma or canon ( art1 b m]ely an ass]tion ( ! simple fact t y _c a*ieve two :olly diff]5t ends at "o & ! same "t1 t success is dep5d5t ^u s+l5ess ( aim & en?usiasm4 ,x is true t !re is no subject :atsoev] t may n l5d itself to treatm5t4 ,b x mu/ be treat$ = its own sake1 dis9t]e/$ly4 ,lit]ature w n move u greatly unless x is conc]n$ ) great emotions4 ,x w n move u f9ely except 9 ! pres5ce ( an ideal4 ,= 9 ! great passions ( lit]ature1 z 9 ! great passions ( life1 !re is always an ideal at /ake1 an ideal t is m ?an ! atta9able1 a grasp+ at a fulness ( satisfaction :i* is m ?an exp]i5ce c af=d4 ,i am mak+ no appeal = :at is misund]/ood by ! t]m ,art = ,art's sake1 or = t typically ,fr5* view ! expression ( :i* ,i may take f ! y\ng] ,dumas' ,affaire ,clem5ceau3 ,savez-v\s ce que c'e/ que l'art8 ,c'e/ le ,beau dans le vrai1 et1 d'aprs ce pr9cipe1 l'art s'e/ cr des rgles absolus1 que v\s *]*]iez en va9 dans la nature seule4 ,si la nature seule p\vait le satisfaire1 v\s n'auriez qu' m\l] un beau modle de la tte aux pi$s1 p\r faire un *ef d'uvre4 ,ou1 si v\s excutiez cette ide1 v\s ne produiriez qu'un grotesque4 ,le tal5t consi/e complt] la nature1 recueillir et l ses indications m]veilleuses1 mais p>tielles1 les rsum] dans un ensemble homogne et a donn] cet ensemble une p5se ou un s5tim5t1 puisque n\s p\vons lui donn] une me4 ,i am 9 sympa?y ) t view s f> z x implies t ! arti/ _c be cont5t ) a slavi% reproduction ( isolat$ facts tak5 f nature2 & t he sets 8 gaze ^u le ,beau dans le vrai1 :i* ,i %\ld l to r5d]1 n ! beautiful 9 ! true1 b ! ,ideal 9 ! true4 ,b ,i am n 9 sympa?y ) x s f> z x implies a =mal beauty :i* ! arti/ disc]ns 9 accordance ) a pr9ciple my/]i\sly & exclusively arti/ic1 exi/+ 9 a region remote f life4 ,art is n a sacr$ my/]y into :i* only ! initiat$ c p5etrate4 ,x is n conc]n$ ) beauties drawn f a peculi> & exclusive arti/ic ,absolute4 ,lit]ature deals ) life1 b 9 life 9 an int5se manife/ation1 ) t passionate life :i* atta9s its ri*ness1 its bread?1 its trem5d\s lu/9ess ?r\gh ! desire = some?+ m ?an normal life c give4 ,nobody c object t ^! ideals are n real1 t !y are n true to life1 & inde$ ! mo/ vital "p ( life4 ,! passions !y call =? 9 m5 are ! mo/ real1 ! mo/ vivid1 ! mo/ illum9at+2 !y wid5 & ref9e exp]i5ce2 !y br+ u into a l>g] univ]se1 !y add to ! /ature ( p]sonality1 !y are ! means ( gr[?4 ,lit]ature is an expansion ( ! m9d out ( ! n>r[] tru? into ! l>g]4 ,x despises no exp]i5ce1 b drags to light its hidd5 res\rces1 its unexpect$ weal?4 ,x is pr(\ndly int]e/$ 9 exp]i5ce on its int5se1 t is to say1 its passionate side4 ,! orig9al m9d1 n cont5t to f9d poetic value 9 a s+le emotion su* z t ( love1 f9ds x on all sides1 discov]+ int]e/s "h1 !re1 & ev]y:]e4 ,if x conc5trates on "o ( ^! = ! purposes ( a poem1 a play1 a novel1 x neglects1 ( c\rse1 no adv5titi\s aid :i* gives reality to ! p]sons1 suffici5cy to _! motives1 contra/1 relief1 atmosph]e--all t is express$ by ! ord9>y j>gon ( criticism4 ,to sum up3 great creative lit]ature does n deal ) ?+s pa9ful or o!rwise m]ely because !y are facts ( life4 ,its bus9ess is ! int5sification ( life1 to br+ home to u its myriad f95esses2 x a*ieves ?is end by pres5t+ p]sons pass+ ?r\gh ! int5se exp]i5ces :i* we call passions2 & ^! are conditions ( ! _s 9 :i* an idealis$ object enc\rages1 ?w>ts1 or tantalises ! seek]1 & dejects him utt]ly if ! reality turns out to be less ?an ! ideal4 ,! inquiry op5s a "q = ! metaphysician--,:at is ! s\rce ( ?is ideal elem5t :i* ent]s into e object passionately s\ght1 & s transc5ds realisation t ! object _c be atta9$ )\t a s5se ( loss8 ,,iv ,,! ,,popul> ,,ta/e ,if any?+ is worse ?an bad lit]ature x is ! t$i\s ,ph>isaism ( ! man ( culture4 ,h[ flatt]+ to ! self-e/eem to ca/ a sup]cili\s eye ^u ! melodramatic1 s5tim5tal1 unbeautiful books :i* con/itute ! mass ( mod]n lit]ature6 ,! mass ( mod]n lit]ature is provid$ = ! mass ( m5 & wom51 b hi/ory has prov$ t a small & educat$ public may embrace /upidities n less desiccat+ ?an ! /upidity ( ! million4 ,a cultur$ public 9 ! eighte5? c5tury :i* c\ld tol]ate ,colley ,cibb] ga9s no?+ by comp>ison ) an uncultur$ public :i* delights 9 ,hall ,ca9e4 ,an au?or :o attempt$ a poetic drama 9 ! eighte5? c5tury _h to con=m to ! rules1 b 8 compliance ) conv5tion is wor? no m to lit]ature ?an ! lib]t9ism ( ! mod]n report]4 ,! correct ta/e ( t p]iod is suffici5tly flagellat$ 9 ,swift's ,recipe to make an ,epic ,poem1 :]e9 he makes x manife/ t epic poems may be made )\t g5ius1 nay )\t le>n+ or mu* read+4444 ,x is easily br\ght ab\t by him t has a g5ius1 b ! skill lies 9 do+ x )\t "o4 ,to ?is day !re exi/s an olig>*y ( academic p]sons ^: ta/e is almo/ exactly on a p> ) ! ta/e mo/ 9 evid5ce two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,!y are ! p :o e/imate lit]ature by its correctness r ?an by its f95ess or p[]1 :o are impregnable 9 _! little =tress ( p$antry1 & are = ev] secure aga9/ ! attacks ( orig9al g5ius4 ,if1 !n1 we f9d t !re is mu* 9 mod]n popul> lit]ature t we dislike1 ?is is a v diff]5t ?+ f say+ t we pref] ! te*nical banalities de> to ! p$ant1 or w\ld set up ! /&>d ( a b>r5 culture4 ,! popul> ta/e is some?+ n to be sc(f$ at1 b to be acc\nt$ =4 ,to compla9 ( x is wa/$ ef=t2 to expla9 x w\ld be some?+ to ! purpose4 ,& ?is we c only d by keep+ 9 m9d t vital ideal :i* 9 spite ( e set-back ! _w has contriv$ to pres]ve1 & endeav\r+ to discov] :at x is--%ort ( t ideal1 or remote f x--t ! mod]n public wants3 :at ta/e x is t hundr$s ( mod]n au?ors are try+ to satisfy4 ,x is evid5tly a v v>i\s ta/e1 = x is ! ta/e ( ! :ole p4 ,ev]yone 9 ! mod]n civilis$ /ate has be5 taught to read1 & almo/ ev]yone has _h ! writt5 ^w ?ru/ ^u him2 s t read+ has become a habit4 ,at e turn ! eye falls ^u ! pr9t$ adv]tisem5t1 ! pr9t$ leaflet1 ! h&-writt5 lett]2 & ! habit :i* is develop$ by ! necessities ( life has int]tw9$ itself also 9 ! am5ities4 ,newspap]s1 & weekly & mon?ly p]iodicals1 adapt !mselves to ! ta/es ( e class 9 ! community4 ,! "t is /ill f> di/ant :5 books w be univ]sally & sy/ematically read2 b ! numb] ( volumes annually di/ribut$ has increas$ at lea/ t5fold 9 ! la/ g5]ation2 & a l>ge proportion ( ?is lit]ature mu/ f9d its way to /rata ( society :i* fifty ye>s ago read no?+ at all4 ,x w\ld be too mu* to expect t ^! millions ( recruits to ! read+ public w\ld be drawn to t lit]ature :i* c be class$ ) ! f9e arts4 ,"o w\ld no m expect !m to admire x ?an "o w\ld expect a *ild ( five to admire ,hamlet4 ,! a/oni%+ ?+ is1 n t s few p appreciate ! be/ lit]ature1 z t s _m--"u direction--are op5 to its influ5ce1 z we may see f ! imm5se sales ( ^? popul> volumes :i* ,mr4 ,erne/ ,rhys & o!rs gu>antee to be g5u9e classics4 ,un=tunately1 9 ! case ( rec5tly writt5 books1 ,mr4 ,rhys is n always at h&4 ,9 su* cases !re is little direction = docile disciples ( culture except+ su* z is giv5 9 newspap] reviews1 & reviews are z likely to misdirect & confuse z to enc\rage & guide4 ,b al?\gh ?is consid]able & gr[+ public ( ambiti\s read]s already exi/s1 & may "s day come to ! support ( orig9al lit]ature1 x is at pres5t easily swamp$ by t het]og5e\s public = :i* ! l>ge/ numb] ( books are provid$4 ,t majority1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 is unable to give ! conc5trat$ att5tion1 /ill less ! selective appreciation1 :i* lit]ature ( ! high] ord] requires4 ,!re is no?+ to enc\rage !m to conc5trate4 ,! newspap]1 ! popul> magaz9e1 ! !atre1 ! mov+-picture %[1 & ! :ole %ift+1 rapid panorama ( mod]n life disc\rage conc5tration4 ,!re are read]s :o c only give ! odds & ends ( _! "t to read+4 ,mo/ ( !m are devot+ ! be/ ef=ts ( _! bra9 & att5tion to _! bus9ess1 h\sehold duties1 _! social & dome/ic affairs1 & !y turn to books only :5 _! m9ds are fatigu$ & 9 ne$ ( repose4 ,t is to say1 !y read n = a r5ewal ( activity1 b = di/raction4 ,) !m1 books satisfy ! desire1 n = an enhancem5t ( life1 b = ! =gett+ ( x4 ,_! lit]ature is at ! mo/ a /imulant :i* excites )\t giv+ active play to _! faculties2 x pres5ts no?+ :i* connects ) life or ideas1 no?+ ev5 to call =? ! ef=t dem&$ by _! practical affairs4 ,!re are o!rs1 = ! mo/ "p wom5 n ( ! work+ class1 :o support ) app>5t e>ne/ness ! purveyors ( popul> fiction & biography1 & ev5 patronise poetry & g5teel social philosophy4 ,among/ !m are to be f\nd ^? to :om ! /]n] actualities ( life are unfamili> & repugnant1 = :om ! practice ( trifl+ ) books is r an ornam5t ?an an occupation1 a mode ( kill+ "t r ?an us+ x4 ,!y1 too1 read to be di/ract$1 *oos+ an emasculate lit]ature :i* p&]s to _! ess5tial dilettantism4 ,n[ ^? :o reg>d lit]ature z an important ?+1 play+ a significant "p 9 ! life ( a nation1 mu/1 z ,i h already indicat$1 seek 9 x some?+ m positive ?an a di/raction f life2 = !m x mu/ be an addition to life4 ,x mu/ provide exp]i5ce comp\nd$ ( ! same /uff z o!r exp]i5ce2 b n hav+ ! vividness :i* ! direct impact ( life c>ries ) x1 x mu/ ga9 its vividness by an int5sity1 a f95ess1 an int]e/ ( its own--by a di/9ctive quality di/ill$ into x f ! p]sonality ( ! writ]4 ,x is imag9ation :i* a*ieves ?is1 ! faculty s appreh5sive ( life t x c fa%ion life into images :i* are projections ( ! arti/1 8 own /amp ^u ! /uff ( life4 ,to su* an au?or lit]ature _c be a m]e amusem5t or pr(ession4 ,x deals ) :at he conceives to be ! mo/ ess5tial ?+s 9 ! _w2 x is 8 r5d]+ ( ! _w1 8 p]spective2 & x is j 9 s f> z he has made ?is1 8 ideal & real _w1 appreciable also to u1 t he has succe$$ 9 8 art4 ,su* imag9ative recon/ruction ( ! facts ( life1 su* impregnation ( life ) f95ess1 calls = al]tness ( faculty 9 ! read]1 dem&s f him some?+ ( t eag]ness to p]ceive :i* *>act]ises ! arti/ himself4 ,b h[ c ! tir$ work] seek+ di/raction1 or ! idle dilettante seek+ only a drug or a /imulant1 mu/] t al]tness ( faculty & t eag]ness to p]ceive :i* are ne$$ = ! appreciation ( art8 ,x is n to be expect$4 ,a co>s] appeal w produce all t su* m9ds are able to assimilate4 ,= good read+1 l good writ+1 requires ! en]gy ( m5 n robb$ ( leisure1 m5 :o c enjoy "s respite f ! commonplace4 ,& yet x (t5 happ5s1 z we %all see1 t ^? :o h succe$$ 9 di/ract+ ! _m h put into _! "w "s f95ess :i* comm5ds x also to ! few4 ,x is only 9 !ory t !re is a fix$ b\nd>y betwe5 works ( art & ! works :i* ,phili/9es enjoy4 ,9 practice1 m]it & dem]it exi/ side by side2 works crude 9 conception reveal a hundr$ f95esses1 & works f9e 9 conception reveal crud5esses ( execution4 ,& j z !re are au?ors :o m+le good & bad 9 _! books1 s too !re are read]s :o enjoy c]ta9 k9ds ( excell5ce ?\gh !y c be vulg>ly excit$ by ! crud] devices4 ,& aga9 !re are p]sons :o appreciate to "s ext5t g5u9e works ( art1 :o 9 mom5ts ( fatigue or jad$ appetite c be div]t$ by ! m]e appeal to s5sation4 ,! clev] publi%] kn[s well t ! public = ^: di/raction he cat]s is divid$ into _m classes1 & t ^! classes mu/ be attract$ ea* 9 a special way4 ,= ! purposes ( my argum5t ,i gr\p ^! "u five diff]5t heads1 :i* are probably n exhau/ive & c]ta9ly n mutually exclusive1 b correspond1 ,i ?9k1 to ! five *ief means ( excit+ & di/ract+ ! multitude4 ,! two l>ge/ classes con/antly ov]lap1 consi/+3 fir/ly1 ( ^? ^: love ( s5sation is satisfi$ by viol5t incid5t2 & secondly1 ( ^? :o are especially susceptible to ! s5tim5tal appeal4 ,to a ?ird class belong ^? :o take pleasure 9 ! agitations ( sex feel+2 & to a f\r?1 ^? ^: s5se ( hum\r is tickl$ by ! sallies ( ! lit]>y cl[n4 ,! fif? class--a v l>ge "o--consi/s ( ^? :o are ( a habit ( m9d to be excit$ by s5sations :i* c be associat$ ) religion & morality4 ,x is useless to "n z a six? class ^? :o are mov$ by intellectual ideas1 = s small a class is n ! objective ( ! popul> au?or4 ,i4 ,all novels mu/ to "s ext5t dep5d ^u incid5t & arrangem5t ( incid5t1 b !re is a k9d ( novel :i* only int]e/s ?r\gh ! excitem5t ( ev5ts 9 _! nature fictiti\s1 ev5 :5 accid5tally true4 ,any really good book :i* may be spok5 ( z a novel ( incid5t w inv>iably prove to be v mu* m4 ,to take ! case ( ,field+'s ,tom ,jones1 "o obs]ves t x is an imitation ( life :i* is nei!r a slavi% copy+ nor a make-believe1 b a vivid repres5tation ( eighte5?-c5tury ,engl& z ,field+ saw x2 x is a book :i* pres5ts *>act]s1 & itself has a "*4 ,its atmosph]e is q unmi/akable4 ,x is n a slice out ( ! eighte5? c5tury--!re c be no real slice out ( life except+ 9 life itself4 ,x is ,field+'s r5d]+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 9 p>ticul> x is 8 ass]tion ( ! physicality 7if ,i may use ! t]m7 ( life1 a direct ass]tion ( ! boi/]\s physical vitality :i*1 z ,field+ pres5ts x & z ,m>l[e pres5t$ x1 acquires value = ! _s & is acceptable to ! imag9ation4 ,x is ! orig9al pagan ass]tion ( life1 :i* f9ds its opposite 9 ,euripides' conception ( ! ascetic ,hippolytus2 an ass]tion :i* ,prop]tius repeat$ 9 ! language ( mock]y :5 he speaks ( a l5a z ,docta vel ,hippolytum ,v5]i mollire negantem4 ,ev5 ,euripides himself 0 s infect$ ) ! pagan view t he sees a sort ( ,nemesis pursu+ ! h]o :om ! slight$ ,aphrodite reproa*es ) lack ( rev]5ce--religi\s rev]5ce--= h] p[]4 ,?is primitive pagan view1 crude1 non-moral1 b ess5tially s9c]e1 animates ! /ory ( ,tom ,jones & gives x a "* :i* is lack+ 9 ! popul> novel ( incid5t4 ,tom ,jones 0 & is a popul> book4 ,b ,i hope ,i am n wrong+ ! l>g] mass ( mank9d :5 ,i say t ^? 7( ! majority7 :o l ,field+ d n l him = 8 unique excell5ces2 !y w\ld be equally pleas$ if puppets in/ead ( vital p]sons _h pass$ along ! same c\rse ( excit+ ev5ts2 & t !re are o!rs :o w\ld n read him ev5 if he began writ+ to-day1 because 8 picture ( life is too consi/5t ) 8 imag9ation1 & ?is v t5acity w\ld p]turb & irritate ! trivial4 ,nev]!less he w\ld h _m read]s among a l>ge m9ority1 j z ,mr4 ,arnold ,b5nett has to-day--read]s :o c appreciate a /ory :i* is direct1 vivid1 & ma9ly ext]nal 9 treatm5t4 ,b ! l>ge/ public is = writ]s l ,mr4 ,cutcliffe ,hyne or ,mr4 ,william ,le ,queux4 ,^! m ne>ly repres5t ! popul> ideal 9 a novel ( incid5t4 ,= ! =m] ,i h "s respect4 ,he %[s +5uity 9 8 concoction ( improbable plots4 ,9 ,capta9 ,kettle !re is at lea/ "s att5tion to "*--( a freaki% k9d--& some?+ ( atmosph]e :i* gives x a mock-romantic int]e/4 ,x holds ! multitude by reason ( ! ?rill+ s5sations extract$ f incid5ts :olly unlike any?+ possible 9 _! lives1 b ne> en\gh to report$ facts to be able to a/oni% & excite !m4 ,su* improbable b +5i\sly contriv$ ev5ts are en\gh to di/ract !m1 & if !re be m 9 ,mr4 ,hyne's /ories imp>t$ by 8 p]sonal eag]ness & hone/y1 x escapes !m1 or at lea/ does n annoy !m4 ,b ?is f9] quality has be5 lack+ 9 su* ( ,mr4 ,le ,queux's books z ,i h *anc$ to read4 ,i may h be5 unlucky 9 my selection1 & !re may be admirable qualities 9 ^? ( 8 novels :i* ,i h n read4 ,b 9 ! ?ree or f\r volumes kn[n to me ,i f\nd t ! p]sons 7 puppets1 mov+ 9 unnatural situations1 meet+ s5sational adv5tures :i* con/itut$ all t !re 0 ( an improbable & sl5d]ly connect$ plot4 ,we all "k ! sort ( book4 ,b :at is x t makes ?is1 & o!rs l x1 popul>8 ,!re 7 sc5es ( spuri\s passion4 ,!re 7 incid5ts 9 :i* action assum$ ! proportions ( prodigy4 ,!re 0 vague s5sation4 ,9 "o ( 8 novels ,i f\nd an introduction by ,"l ,rob]ts w>n+ ,engli%m5 to prep>e = ! ,g]man invasion plann$ by ,mr4 ,le ,queux = #aiaj6 ,hi/ory has n yet reveal$ ! horror & deva/ation ( t w>2 b ?is horror & deva/ation l5t to ,mr4 ,le ,queux's book ! int]e/ :i* x requir$4 ,yet ! novel :i* is read ma9ly = ! ?rill ( ! incid5t may be writt5 9 a f> f9] _s4 ,mo/ hi/orical novels dep5d ma9ly ^u ! vig\r ( ! action4 ,! v be/ hi/orical noveli/s mu/ be except$2 9 ,scott1 = example1 z 9 ,field+1 !re is s mu* :i* dep5ds on "* & atmosph]e t !re is always mu* m ?an ?rill+ incid5t to hold ! att5tion4 ,9 ! books ( a mod]n writ] l ,mr4 ,=d ,madox ,hueff]1 at 8 be/1 !re is an arti/ry ( composition1 a syn!tic quality 9 ! romance1 a unity ( pictorial ef=t :i* give to !m a quality ( design & exquisit5ess2 !y are a di/illation ( ,mr4 ,hueff]'s romantic p]sonality4 ,b if we consid] ,mr4 ,/anley ,weyman1 we are tak+ a noveli/ 9 :om ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! ?rill ( incid5t4 ,/ill1 he has made ( 8 "w a f9e craft4 ,he uses words consci5ti\sly4 ,he has exceptional skill 9 trac+ 8 +5i\s plots4 ,he has read hi/ory c>efully1 & = ! mo/ "p adh]es fai?fully to facts--?\gh ,i believe he is n s well in/ruct$ 9 ,g]man z 9 ,fr5* hi/ory4 ,! scrupul\sness :i* ref9es 8 "w gives quality to 8 n>rative1 & he c be read ) pleasure by p]sons ( exact+ ta/e4 ,&1 aga91 we might take ! case ( ,ri*>d ,dehan1 au?or ( ,! ,dop ,doctor4 ,t writ] is n innoc5t ( ! crude/ melodrama4 ,%e is diffuse1 extravagant1 =mless4 ,b %e has imag9$ & creat$ c]ta9 *>act]s4 ,%e has at mom5ts t\*$ pr(\ndly t mo/ rudim5t>y ( all emotions--! w>-emotion--an emotion :i* may be exp]i5c$ int5sely by e memb] ( an en]getic community1 & !re=e af=ds ! basis ( a real popul> art--j z c]ta9 univ]sal s5tim5ts af=d$ ! basis ( folk-songs1 :i* 7 con/antly tak5 up & m\ld$ into f9e arti/ic =ms4 ,! ,dop ,doctor is a book comp\nd$ ( vulg> s5sationalism on ! "o h&1 & a /range imag9ative vig\r & actuality on ! o!r4 ,b ! s5sibility ( ! crude/ &1 x is to be fe>$1 ! 7at pres5t7 l>ge/ /rata ( society c be t\*$1 z we h se51 by ! %e] extravagance ( ! novel ( incid5t1 by action di/ort$ out ( ! proportions ( life & made a/oni%+1 by viol5t assaults ^u ! read] calculat$ to ar\se him l pi/ol-%ots1 s9ce a m mod]ate appeal w\ld escape 8 att5tion4 ,j z a donkey ) a h>d m\? c only be guid$ by viol5t j]ks ^u ! re9s1 s a dull s5sibility c only be awak5$ by ! h>%e/ lit]>y appeal4 ,/yle 9 su* cases mu/ adapt itself to ! subject4 ,r$undant words are heap$ up :]e "o w\ld suffice = ! tra9$ intellig5ce4 ,a multitude ( viol5t1 flamboyant phrases assi/ to ! excitem5t ( fev]4 ,x is possible1 inde$1 t "s rudim5t>y art-feel+ lurks beh9d ?is p&emonium ( crude lit]ature1 m probably 9 cases :]e lawlessness is ! result n ( indol5ce1 b ( "s sort ( vig\r & spontaneity4 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! mimetic impulses 9 :i* art among primitive races is suppos$ to orig9ate1 are n !mselves art2 & cont9ually to :et ! appetite ) su* primitive ex]cises is to p]petuate ! rudim5t>y condition & /ifle ! f9] faculties4 ,,ii4 ,! s5tim5tal absurdities ( ,pyramus & ,?isbe are ! occasion ( "s apt criticism :i* ,%akespe>e puts into ! m\?s ( ,hippolyta & ,!seus3 ,,hippolyta4 ,?is is ! sillie/ /uff t e'er ,i he>d4 ,,!seus4 ,! be/ 9 ?is k9d are b %ad[s2 & ! wor/ are no worse1 if imag9ation am5d !m4 ,,hippolyta4 ,x mu/ be y\r imag9ation !n1 & n !irs4 ,%akespe>e is comm5t+ on ! s5tim5tality :i* is g5]ally pleas+ to ,qu9ce1 ,snug1 ,bottom1 & ! l4 ,if he is mi/ak5 x is 9 sugge/+ t ?is sickl9ess is conf9$ to ! company ( c>p5t]s & bell[s-m5d]s1 & is n equally to be f\nd among ^? ( ! high e/ate ( ,h]mia1 ,hel5a1 & ,hippolyta h]self4 ,b x w\ld nev] h done to admit s mu* be=e an audi5ce ( t9k]s & tailors1 spl5didly patronis$ by a few "y bloods ( noble bir?4 ,s5tim5t is di/+ui%$ f s5tim5tality precisely z ,%akespe>e sugge/s4 ,! "o is conc]n$ ) real emotions1 ! o!r ) %ad[s4 ,! fir/ is in=m$ by ! imag9ation1 ! second is devoid ( x1 & is divorc$ alike f intellect & common s5se4 ,to t\* ! *ord ( s5tim5t ju/ly & truly is "o ( ! mo/ difficult ?+s 9 lit]ature4 ,%akespe>e himself by no means always succe$$4 ,!re is (t5 an affectation 9 8 light] love-sc5es :i* de/roys ! impression ( s9c]ity4 ,ev5 9 life "o may see h[ at any "t ! note ( s5tim5t may be turn$ to absurdity by ! lea/ discordant elem5t4 ,! lov] ^: t5d] expressions are :olly pleas+ to 8 lady may become an object ( ridicule be=e an un9vit$ audi5ce4 ,ev]yone c rememb] "s occasion :5 a :ole company ( p]sons1 wi/fully allud+ to a rec5t dea?1 has sudd5ly bur/ into uncontrollable laught]1 betray+1 n lack ( respect = ! dead1 b ridicule at "s falsity ( expression4 ,s5tim5t is "o ( ! ev]yday emotions1 f9e & light 9 its texture1 requir+ ! t5d]e/ & mo/ delicate treatm5t1 & (t5 x mu/ pass (f 9 laught]4 ,x is some?+ less ?an passion4 ,x is n conc]n$ ) trag$ies or crises1 b ! subtle/ appreh5sions ( :at comes & goes at e mom5t ( life4 ,x mu/ nev] be treat$ z if x 7 passion1 or ! sl5d] ?reads ( :i* x consi/s w snap1 & ridicule w ju/ly reveal ! unbalanc$ judgm5t ( ! s5tim5tali/4 ,nor mu/ x ev] be f> f laught]1 or x w collapse "u its own /ra91 & we may be betray$ into ?9k+ t ! cynic is ! be/ judge ( life4 ,x is ! imag9ation ex]cis+ itself among ?+s real1 b n ( ! fir/ ord] ( importance4 ,if y attribute to !m t importance1 y are guilty ( false s5tim5t4 ,! facts ( life convict y4 ,see h[ delicately ,*>les ,lamb c\ld hold ! balance 9 su* an essay z ,dream ,*ildr54 ,great-gr&mo!r ,field is j 9 h] place1 upright1 graceful1 & ! be/ ( danc]s2 & ,alice's little "r foot plays its involunt>y movem5t 9 ! nick ( "t2 & :5 ,uncle ,john di$1 ! *ildr5 fell a-cry+ at ! n>rative & ask$ ab\t ! m\rn+ :i* !y 7 we>+4 ,x is all j important en\gh1 j trivial en\gh1 to c>ry its fragile burd5 ( s5tim5t--s mu*1 & no m4 ,! *>m is complete4 ,conceive :at ,dick5s w\ld h made ( ! /ory if he _h be5 writ+ x6 ,h[ sickly a fantasy ( ,paul ,dombeys & ,little ,nells & g>rul\s wild waves he w\ld h conjur$ up = 8 dream *ildr56 ,8 dream *ildr5--! good ones1 at any rate--7 little old p1 mon/rosities1 freaks4 ,reality rejects mon/rosities1 & :at reality rejects is no subject = lit]ature--/rictly speak+1 is no subject at all--save :51 l gobl9s & fairies1 x assumes ! quasi-reality ( fantasy & dreams4 ,i rememb] a /ory by a popul> mod]n writ]1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,temple ,?ur/on4 ,x appe>$ 9 a volume entitl$ ,?irte54 ,! au?or arrang$ 8 /ory ) skill4 ,he l$ up to 8 dn\em5t ) admirable /age-managem5t4 ,! /ory 0 ab\t a little boy :o und]/ood t 8 fa!r want$ a %op & fifty p\nds to buy x )4 ,?is amiable *ild sallies =? f 8 poor qu>t] ( ! city & tramps to ! di/ant regions :]e ri* p live4 ,no?+ d\bt+1 he asks = fifty p\nds4 ,he receives sixp5ce4 ,he ex*anges x = a pair ( braces & an insurance ticket4 ,he dr[ns himself ) exquisite delib]ation1 & on ! m]its ( 8 dea? & ! insurance ticket ! fifty p\nds are =?com+4 ,! defects ( ! /ory are obvi\s4 ,! little boy has no prop] place 9 ?is _w1 & 8 dr[n+1 s f> f be+ pa!tic1 0 ! be/ ?+ t c\ld happ5 to him4 ,= he 0 a freak1 a mon/rosity4 ,ev5 ^? :o may n accept ?is view mu/ at lea/ agree t he ought to h kn[n bett]1 & des]v$ a :ipp+ r ?an ! rew>d ( m>tyrdom & s5tim5tal praise4 ,b ev5 if we assume t ! boy is a possible creature1 & t 8 act 9 begg+ = ! money 0 beautiful & mov+1 we _c escape ! objection t ! fatal end+ is pit*$ 9 a discordant note ( trag$y4 ,! tragic conclusion is appropriate to a tale ( passion1 or to a tale :i* ar\ses a s5se ( ! mo/ urg5t ?+s 9 life4 ,b to turn a sl5d] s5tim5t into a ?+ ( trag$y is to pass ! limits ( s5tim5t2 x _c c>ry ! burd54 ,! conclusion is n true en\gh to be ev5 %ock+4 ,x is m]ely disgu/+4 ,h[ is x t ?is mimicry ( s5tim5t proves effective 9 mov+ ! multitude1 :5 ! real ?+ s (t5 fails to please8 ,! answ]1 ,i ?9k1 is1 t ! arti/ic imag9ation c nei!r express itself ?r\gh di/ort$ objects1 nor c x confuse 9 "o blurr$ s]ies ( images ! trivial & ! urg5t2 its bus9ess be+ to see life ) su* s5se ( proportion z ! conc5trat$ arti/ic vision ( ! arti/ ensures4 ,b c>eless read]s d n see objects until !y are exagg]at$ out ( resemblance to life2 ! adju/m5ts ( ! arti/ic vision are too delicate to rea* _! p]ceptions4 ,mr4 ,?ur/on's little boy is se5 to be v good1 & to ! s5tim5tali/ 8 m]e goodness is beautiful4 ,:5 he tramps across ,london 8 fatigue is sad1 & ! sadness ( x is beautiful4 ,:5 ! ri* g5tleman gives him sixp5ce in/ead ( fifty p\nds1 ! read] %$s happy1 ?\ghtless te>s1 & 8 beautiful dea? at ! end is all t he requires z ! f9al assault ^u 8 feel+s4 ,! phrase1 ( c\rse1 is ,/ev5son's1 & x c h>dly be avoid$4 ,popul>ity rew>ds ! writ] :o c assault ! feel+s ( 8 read]s1 & anyone :o uses a m delicate me?od mu/ be cont5t ) a small] circle ( read]s4 ,x is 9 ?is mann]1 amiably en\gh1 t ,miss ,ella ,:eel] ,wilcox c conqu] ,am]ica ) s5tim5tal poems1 z ,ian ,macl>5 once conqu]$ ,engl& ) s5tim5tal /ories4 ,!y t\* u :]e ! intellect & ! common s5se are 9 abeyance1 & ! moral s5se is /eep$ 9 false s5tim5t4 ,?us x 0 t :5 a sort ( torpor came ^u ! intellect & ! common s5se ( ,mr4 ,a4,c4 ,b5son1 he1 :o _h be5 =m]ly a s*ol> & a fri5d ( lit]ature1 became m]ely a s5tim5tali/4 ,! au?or ( ,! ,sick-a-b$ ,lady 7,eleanor ,halliwell ,abbott7 is = ! same reason e/eem$ z highly 9 ,am]ica z ! au?or ( ,lett]s to ,my ,son is e/eem$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! tr[el is ! in/rum5t ) :i* ^! hon\rs--& ^! =tunes--are won4 ,,iii4 ,x might seem t ! popul> lit]ature ( love ought to h be5 treat$ "u ! same head z t ( s5tim5tal lit]ature4 ,b x w become cle> n only t !re c be a popul> erotic lit]ature ( a q diff]5t ord]1 b t ,i might h subdivid$ ?is class into two3 "o conc]n$ ) ! popul> lit]ature ( passion1 ! o!r ) t ( s5sualism4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a s5tim5t ( love :i* is suffici5tly consid]$ 9 ! la/ section4 ,b ,i h made a di/9ction betwe5 s5tim5t & passion1 :i* = my view is important2 & ,i mu/ add ! fur!r & m obvi\s di/9ction betwe5 ! love passion1 :i* is an int5se emotional exp]i5ce affect+ ! imag9ation no less ?an ! s5ses1 & t sex feel+1 :i* 9 ess5ce is m]ely s5sual4 ,leav+ out ( c\nt1 !n1 ! s5tim5t ( love1 we h an obvi\s di/9ction betwe5 ! lit]ature :i* deals ) ! love passion & ! lit]ature :i* deals ) s5sual desire4 ,b ,i d n propose any gr&mo!rly legislation :i* p]mits "o subject to ! arti/ & relegates ! o!r to ! pornograph]4 ,= x is cle> t an au?or may deal well or ill ) a subject int5d$ to yield g5u9e passion 7?\gh 9 ! latt] case ! popul> int]e/ w atta* to ! s5sational "* ( ! incid5ts r ?an to ! treatm5t ( passion z su*1 & a book ( ?is k9d may be consid]$ z ,i h already consid]$ ! novel ( incid5t74 ,&1 aga91 an au?or may deal well or ill ) ! s5sations ( sex2 ^? s5sations c provide mat]ial = f9e art4 ,x is a matt] ( treatm5t4 ,^u feel+s ( ?is sort ,maupassant bas$ "s ( 8 mo/ felicit\s /ories4 ,b ,maupassant did n use sexual incid5ts = ! sake ( sex feel+2 = him su* incid5ts 7 v>i\s symbols1 flick]+ images1 ( life1 inc>nations ( ! brood+ _s ( cynicism & scorn4 ,we h already se5 t to ,field+1 = :om !y 7 ( less special significance on _! own acc\nt1 !y 7 pres5t$ z ass]tions ( boi/]\s physical eag]ness1 ( delight 9 en]getic life = its own sake4 ,x has already become obvi\s t ! t5d5cy ( ! mo/ popul> lit]ature is to sub/itute ! crud] s5sations = ! high] emotions & s5tim5ts4 ,we h se5 h[ incid5t is lik$ = ! m]e s5sation x c af=d2 h[ s5tim5t is turn$ into s5tim5tality4 ,z a rule1 9 discuss+ inf]ior lit]ature ! high] emotions ne$ be tak5 little into acc\nt4 ,b 9 ! case ( love x is diff]5t4 ,! av]age man1 by reason ( 8 pre-occupation & 8 av]ag5ess1 is little affect$ by a v>iety ( f9e emotions2 ! h>d facts ( life smo!r !m4 ,b ev]yone c obs]ve t ! emotion ( love is n only an emotion to :i* mo/ m5 at a c]ta9 age are susceptible1 b t x seems to pres5t itself1 at "s "t or ano!r1 9 a =m f9] ?an t ( any o!r feel+ ent]ta9$ by av]age m54 ,i believe t all obs]v]s w\ld agree t innum]able m5 & wom5 :o _c be t\*$ 9 a subtle way by any o!r emotion--unless we except1 especially 9 primitive m51 ! emotion ( w>2 & !n x is r int5se ?an subtle--c be & are s t\*$ by ! emotion ( love4 ,"h1 !n1 we might expect to f9d ! basis = a lit]ature :i* may be bo? widely popul> & at ! same "t f9ely imag9$4 ,)9 c]ta9 limits ,i believe ! love passion does af=d su* a basis4 ,if we c imag9e an arti/ conf9+ himself to ?is s+le issue1 rely+ on no f95esses outside x1 !n we might h a "w ( art :i* m5 & wom51 repres5t+ 9 o!r respects any degree ( imag9ation & dullness1 might all almo/ equally enjoy4 ,9 practice x is seldom t an arti/ is cont5t to conf9e himself s exclusively to ?is issue2 x is n 9 ! nature ( ! imag9ative temp]am5t to limit itself 9 t way4 ,b ,i ?9k we h an example approximat+ to ! suppos$ type 9 ,emily ,bront's ,wu!r+ ,heights4 ,! /r5u\sness ( ! love emotion is 9 ?is book r5d]$ ) consummate p[]1 & h5ce ! hold x has ov] m5 ( intellig5ce & ov] fools4 ,b 9 almo/ e o!r respect ! novel is %e] rhetoric1 crud5ess1 & un%apel9ess4 ,! novel 7or popul> biography7 :i* deals n ) ! emotion ( love b ! sex s5sation1 requires little discussion4 ,if ! object ( ! writ] is to treat su* a !me ) imag9ative criticism1 well & good4 ,if he int5ds only to reproduce ! s5sation1 he is a pornograph]4 ,,iv4 ,x is extraord9>y t !re %\ld be s little humor\s lit]ature di/ribut$ among ! ,engli%-speak+ peoples1 = a s5se ( hum\r is a boon :i* has be5 allott$ to a v l>ge m9ority ( ! human race1 & "s s5se ( ! ridicul\s to ! majority4 ,x is ?r\gh 8 s5se ( :at is ridicul\s 9 life1 & 8 p[] ( pres5t+ x imag9atively1 t ,dick5s seems to h acquir$ n only a p]man5t place 9 ,engli% lit]ature1 b a popul>ity q unique among /&>d ,engli% noveli/s4 ,! jocul>ity ( ,m>k ,twa9 is equally dext]\s1 b x is n s completely imag9$ z ! hum\r ( ,dick5s2 x spr+s m (t5 f situation ?an f "*1 & to t ext5t belongs m to ! accid5ts ?an to ! ess5tials ( life4 ,mr4 ,w4,w4 ,jacobs des]ves a high] place ?an is usually accord$ to him 9 contempor>y lit]ature4 ,8 %ort /ories are excell5tly contriv$ )9 _! limits2 ! hum\r spr+s f situation & "* conjo9$4 ,:5 a clev] writ] is cont5t to conf9e himself prim>ily to ! ridicul\s 9 life1 x is possible = him to make 8 effect bo? = ! million & ! m exact+ few4 ,z ,wu!r+ ,heights 0 popul> because x 0 little m ?an a brilliant pres5tation ( ! love passion1 s ,_m ,c>goes & ,light ,freights are popul> z well z excell5t because !y aim at no?+ b ! broad effect ( laught]4 ,mr4 ,jacobs is inf]ior to ,dick5s because he is a humori/ & no?+ m1 & also because he has an inf9itely n>r[] range4 ,8 art is "o :i* pres5ts b a s+le aspect ( life1 & sugge/s no ambition to exhibit a l>ge grasp ^u life z a :ole4 ,b he succe$$ exactly 9 :at he set out to d4 ,b h any ( ,mr4 ,jacobs' books1 or any ( ,dick5s'1 enjoy$ great] popul>ity ?an fell to ,mr4 ,j]ome's ,?ree ,m5 9 a ,boat8 ,9 ?is book ! hum\r sprang 9 no s5se out ( "*2 nor did x ev5 spr+ out ( situations contriv$ ) especial skill4 ,x consi/$ ( a s]ies ( ludicr\s impressions su* z t ( a man sitt+ on a pat ( butt]4 ,well1 a man sitt+ on a pat ( butt] is a funny ?+--:5 x happ5s naturally 9 life4 ,b a collection ( incid5ts1 ea* ( :i* might be funny if x happ5$ among ! accid5ts ( life1 are a poor s\rce ( ent]ta9m5t :5 /rung toge!r )\t ! life :i* makes !m real4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t :at is an accid5t 9 life ceases to be an accid5t :5 x is inv5t$ 9 a /ory4 ,a writ] mu/ ne$s supply f ! imag9ation some?+ :i* may give ! arti/ic effect ( accid5t4 ,ev5 f>ce misses its true effects if x conta9s no v]isimilitude4 ,to see y\r fri5d sitt+ on a pat ( butt] is amus+2 to li/5 to an inv5t$ acc\nt ( besme>$ g>m5ts is n amus+2 = x misses ! amus+ po9t--:i* 0 ! fact ( its happ5+4 ,b ! admir]s ( ,?ree ,m5 9 a ,boat see only tr\s]s & butt]1 tr\s]s & butt]2 & !y f9d no?+ (f5sive 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ?is incongruity has be5 ?ru/ ^u _! sight4 ,_! complac5t m9ds receive ?is funny visual impression because !y d n p]ceive ! gl>+ artifice :i* = ano!r bani%es ! hum\r4 ,v4 ,morality among ! ,anglo-,saxon races is a popul> !me4 ,x c cov] a multitude ( arti/ic s9s4 ,religion is popul> 9 all c\ntries1 & is n always associat$ ) good morals2 b 9 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates good religion & good morals fall "u ! same hi]>*y4 ,bo? h _! correspond+ s5sations & emotions4 ,we may see !m viol5tly op]ative at revival meet+s1 di/ract+ ag5ts :i* are sometimes inde$ s p[]ful z to lead to extraord9>y reactions4 ,x is difficult to atta9 ! same viol5ce ) ! writt5 z ) ! spok5 ^w1 b if any liv+ noveli/ has succe$$ 9 atta9+ ! effect ( p&emonium ?r\gh ! use ( religi\s & moral subjects1 x is ,miss ,m>ie ,corelli4 ,z proxime accessit ,i might "n ,mr4 ,hall ,ca9e4 ,by ! same me?ods ,mr4 ,guy ,?orne 7alias ,rang] ,gull7 atta9$1 ) ! pulpit assi/ance ( ! ,bi%op ( ,london1 a s5sational popul> success 9 ,:5 x 0 ,d>k4 ,!re h also be5 _m f9e writ]s :o did n aim at spuri\s effects1 b receiv$ praise by reason ( _! moral tone 9 circles :]e !y w\ld nev] h receiv$ x on ! gr\nds ( lit]>y excell5ce4 ,if ,george ,eliot _h n be5 a morali/ %e w\ld n h be5 s popul> 9 ,engl&4 ,if ,rusk9 _h n be5 prim>ily a prea*] he c\ld nev] h wield$ 8 va/ influ5ce4 ,t5nyson 0 belov$ z mu* = 8 moralism z = 8 sweetness2 & to-day s admirable a writ] z ,mr4 ,john ,galswor?y is1 ev5 9 s]i\s circles1 reg>d$ z a s]i\s noveli/ ma9ly because he is a critic ( morals4 ,mr4 ,john ,masefield wrote _m novels & plays 9 :i* he %[$ s+ul> f95ess ( feel+ & beauty ( /yle4 ,b :5 he wrote a poem call$ ,! ,ev]la/+ ,m]cy--a /ory ( ?rill+ incid5t ) an admirable moral--lo6 8 popul> reputation 0 made6 ,p c\ld und]/& a /ory ( s5sational incid5t4 ,!y c\ld und]/& ! moral4 ,!y flatt]$ !mselves t !y 7 enjoy+ poetry6 99 99 99 99 99 ,if anyone %\ld reproa* me ) adopt+ ! tone ( t odi\s ?+ ! sup]ior p]son1 & %\ld decl>e t ,i und]e/imate ! intellig5ce & good s5se ( ! majority ( read]s1 my reply is t ! f9e/ lit]ature is n t :i* is mo/ read1 & ,i am compell$ to conclude t ! f9e/ ideas are n ^? :i* are mo/ (t5 embrac$4 ,to ass]t ?is is n to disp>age ! common s5se & ! practical intellig5ce ( ! mass ( mank9d4 ,i believe t !y are capable ( va/ activity & eag]ness1 mu* ( :i* runs to wa/e ?r\gh ! fatigues ( excessive lab\r2 mu*1 ?r\gh lack ( tra9+ & m5tal /imulus1 c f9d no cong5ial outlet ?r\gh ! my/]i\s processes ( art4 ,! outlet :i* ! majority ( m5 f9d = _! sup]flu\s en]gy is n ?r\gh ! *annel ( f9e ideas4 ,su* lit]ature z !y read is = di/raction & n = ! vigor\s use ( _! faculties4 ,x _c be o!rwise4 ,t is ! condition impos$ by ! fragm5t>y education alone v\*saf$ to ! majority ( m5 & wom51 giv+ !m no m ?an t modicum ( le>n+ :i* is a dang]\s ?+4 ,& x is a matt] ( supreme importance because ?is new read+ habit ( ! million has turn$ ! en]gies ( au?ors & publi%]s f ! few to ! _m4 ,x has introduc$ into ! lit]>y pr(ession a demagogic habit1 & has set up a quantitative in/ead ( a qualitative /&>d4 ,,"p ,,two ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,mod]n ,,life ,i4 ,,to-,,day ,,& ,,ye/]day #a4 ,we mu/ read :at ! _w reads at ! mom5t1 said ,dr4 ,johnson1 giv+ ! rem>k an ironical mean+ :5 he add$1 ,a man w h m gratification = 8 vanity 9 conv]sation f hav+ read mod]n books ?an f hav+ read ! be/ works ( antiquity4 ,nev]!less1 "o great diff]5ce betwe5 ! "t ( ,dr4 ,johnson & ! _w ( to-day is1 t :il/ ! =m] liv$ 9 p]petual admiration ( antiquity1 we live 9 p]petual admiration ( ourselves4 ,?\gh ,johnson agre$ t ,pope's poetry 0 n talk$ ( s mu* aft] 8 dea? z 9 8 lifetime1 he decl>$ t x _h be5 z mu* admir$ s9ce 8 dea? z dur+ 8 life4444 ,virgil is less talk$ ( ?an ,pope1 & ,hom] is less talk$ ( ?an ,virgil2 b !y are n less admir$4 ,b 9 ! intellectual circle :i* is mo/ be=e ! public to-day !re is a t5d5cy to despise ! traditions ( ,engli% lit]ature & to wor%ip only ! idol ( orig9ality4 ,9 a pap] l>gely devot$ to lit]>y matt]s ,i rec5tly read a /atem5t to ! effect t _m au?ors1 indiff]5t to books1 nei!r buy nor read !m1 :il/ o!rs positively dislike !m4 ,mr4 ,%aw's qu>rel ) ,%akespe>e has be5 ( long /&+1 b at lea/ ,mr4 ,%aw has done 8 old-fa%ion$ rival ! hon\r ( read+ him4 ,mr4 ,arnold ,b5nett1 on ! o!r h&1 :o is und\bt$ly "o ( ! mo/ brilliant contempor>y noveli/s1 has decl>$1 n )\t pride1 t ! only novel ( ,dick5s t he _h ev] read 0 ,little ,dorrit1 & ?is b rec5tly1 & t he consid]$ him a greatly ov]rat$ noveli/4 ,! conclusion is n surpris+1 & ! liv+ au?or is no d\bt confirm$ 9 8 op9ion t ! works ( ,mr4 ,b5nett are ( va/ly sup]ior m]it4 ,?is mod]n self-confid5ce is und\bt$ly a heal?y sign ( intellectual activity & eag]ness4 ,x goes to %[ t au?ors are scrut9is+ ke5ly ! life t is go+ on ar\nd !m2 t !y are int]e/$ 9 facts & ?+s1 & seek+ to give !m a l>g] reality 9 t]ms ( ideas2 & we see t !y are f9d+ a simil> response f ! read+ public4 ,x 0 n )\t significance t all ?r\gh ! p]iod ( ! great ,coal ,/rike publi%]s r$uc$ _! output ( books to ! smalle/ possible dim5sions1 & especially refra9$ f issu+ books ( ! highe/ class4 ,i d n believe t ?is 0 m]ely due to ! fact t 9 times ( economic crisis !re is a lack ( pocket-money ) :i* to pur*ase lit]ature4 ,! fact surely 0 t mu* ( ! att5tion :i* 9 _m circles is giv5 to mod]n books 0 drawn away by ! /irr+ ev5ts t 7 happ5+ 9 our mid/4 ,! /udy & contemplation ( ! ,coal ,/rike 7 ( precisely ! same nature z ! /udy & contemplation ( orig9al contempor>y lit]ature4 ,= t lit]ature 9 its mo/ *>act]i/ic =ms is conc]n$ ) ! problems & ! /ructure ( mod]n society4 ,if at ! "t ( ! ,coal ,/rike we _h inquir$ :at ,engli% plays _h rec5tly call$ =? ! mo/ criticism & int]e/ 9 intellectual circles1 we %\ld probably h nam$1 fir/1 ,mr4 ,galswor?y's ,ju/ice1 & secondly1 8 ,/rife4 ,! latt] 0 conc]n$ ) a situation exactly simil> to t develop$ by ! ,coal ,/rike4 ,! action ( ! drama took place 9 ! middle ( a great /rike4 ,mr4 ,galswor?y pres5t$ typical *>act]s repres5t+ own]s & m51 bo? act+ on pr9ciple1 bo? det]m9$ & irreconcilable1 /ubborn & loyal1 bo? betray+ human qualities fundam5tally ! same4 ,i am n = ! mom5t conc]n$ ) ! conclusion drawn by ! dramati/1 b ) ! fact t ! s]i\s att5tion :i* is giv5 to mod]n lit]ature & drama is ! same sort ( att5tion z t giv5 to ! great social que/ions ( our "t4 #b4 ,to se>* = hidd5 unities 9 ! lit]ature ( an age is (t5 to di/ort facts 9 ! int]e/ ( !ory4 ,b !re may come a po9t--& ,i ?9k ! mo/ notable lit]ature ( ! ye> prec$+ ! ,coal ,/rike m>ks su* a po9t--:5 c]ta9 sali5t facts em]ge s viol5tly & s repeat$ly f ! writt5 page t no "o b ! bl9de/ c ignore or d5y !m4 ,if "o %\ld take six books writt5 9 t p]iod by six au?ors :o are fairly repres5tative ( contempor>y ,engli% lit]ature--,e4,m4 ,=/]1 ,arnold ,b5nett1 ,h4,g4 ,wells1 ,granville ,b>k]1 ,b]n>d ,%aw1 & ,john ,galswor?y--!re w\ld be f\nd "o tru? ab\t !m s obvi\s t x has be5 rem>k$ by doz5s ( review]s4 ,x is t !y are conc]n$ ) ! same social problems z ^? :i* fall "u ! sci5ce ( sociology2 t !y advocate1 criticise1 or imply re=ms sc>cely less directly ?an d ^? = :om social re=m is a pr(ession4 ,b ?is1 ,i ?9k1 is sc>cely ! mo/ satisfactory way ( putt+ ! matt]4 ,! same tru? may p]haps be express$ 9 wid] & m significant t]ms by say+ t ! *>act]i/ic lit]ature ( to-day is ! lit]ature ( *ange4 ,! mo/ vigor\s writ]s are g5]ally ^? :o respond mo/ to _! environm5t1 9 ! same s5se t to su* m5 ev]y?+ mu/ be full ( sugge/ion1 int]e/+1 & matt] = ! int]pretative m9d2 ?\gh ! greate/ ( all are ^? :o n\ri% !mselves at all ! s\rces ( inspiration1 9 ! pa/ & ! pres5t1 9 ! se5 & ! unse54 ,! latt] are 9 consequ5ce n s purely repres5tative ( _! own special "t z are ^? vigor\s1 active m9ds :i* fill a second>y place 9 ! _w's lit]ature1 b bulk l>ge/ to _! contempor>ies4 ,%akespe>e is n s repres5tative ( ! ,elizabe?ans z is ,m>l[e or ,*apman4 ,probably if a great] numb] ( ,greek plays surviv$ we %\ld f9d t ,sophocles is less *>act]i/ically ,a!nian ?an ,euripides4 ,& 9 ! same way ,mr4 ,joseph ,conrad is n s repres5tative ( ! contempor>y _w z is ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw or ,mr4 ,wells4 ,b x is 9 m5 ( ! latt] type t we %all f9d ! qualities by :i* _! epo* is diff]5tiat$ f o!rs1 ! qualities :i* to "s ext5t appe> 9 ! greate/1 :i* appe> f> m abundantly 9 ^? bigge/ only 9 contempor>y e/imation--:i* 9 any case m>k ! tr5d ( ?\ght & ! peculi> contribution ( ! "t4 ,! lit]ature produc$ by m5 ( ?is type is mo/ pr(\ndly impress$ by :at may be call$ ! _s ( *ange4 ,! briefe/ consid]ation ( contempor>y lit]ature is suffici5t to prove h[ p[]fully ^! m9ds h be5 m\ld$1 ei!r by obs]v+ ?is fact ( *ange or contemplat+ its possibility4 ,! fact itself may p]haps be/ be illu/rat$ by ! case ( ,mr4 ,edmund ,gosse & ! /ory told 9 8 memorable book1 ,fa!r & ,son4 ,z a piece ( biography alone t book /&s high1 = ! f9e draw+ ( ! m9d & "* ( ! fa!r4 ,b ! noticeable po9t lies 9 ! vivid contra/ betwe5 ! fa!r & son1 ! transition f ! h>d-head$1 scrupul\s1 rigid1 n>r[-m9d$ ,puritan1 :o is s typical ( ! ,victorian age1 to ! broad-m9d$1 cultur$ littrateur ( to-day4 ,!re is ! fact ( *ange--! ,rev4 ,philip ,gosse ( =ty ye>s ago has become ! ,mr4 ,edmund ,gosse ( to-day4 ,if we w\ld see h[ ?is actual *ange 9 ! outw>d & inw>d ord] ( ! _w has affect$ noveli/s we may turn to ,mr4 ,arnold ,b5nett1 ,mr4 ,wells1 or ,mr4 ,e4,m4 ,=/]4 ,9 ,clayhang]1 z 9 ,old ,wives' ,tales1 ,mr4 ,b5nett traces ! progression ( ! ,engli% _w f ! g5]ation ( our gr&fa!rs to our own g5]ation2 he %[s ?is *ange creep+ ^u u at an accel]at$ pace1 cat*+ ! old] inhabitants unaw>es1 a visible *ange 9 bricks & mort>1 9 wid5+ /reets1 9 enl>g$ factories1 9 ! introduction ( trams :i* 9 due c\rse became electric trams2 & a *ange no less decisive 9 cu/oms & habits1 ! old] folk m>vell+ at ! new-fangl$ indep5d5ce ( ! "y2 ! :ole be+ no?+ less ?an a revolution :i* has desc5d$ ) ! sure b imp]ceptible advance ( a glaci]1 s t )9 liv+ memory ! face & "* ( ,engl& h be5 alt]$4 ,9 ,mile/ones he has m rec5tly giv5 u ano!r acc\nt ( ! same hi/oric progression4 ,& an exactly simil> idea has captur$ ! imag9ation ( ,mr4 ,wells4 ,9 ,! ,new ,ma*iavelli1 z 9 ,tono-,bungay & o!r books1 he tells ! /ory ( ! rapidly evolv+ _w 9 :i* 8 h]oes h gr[n up2 ( ! ev]-spread+ suburbs /ret*+ out _! t5tacles nor? & s\? & ea/ & we/1 ( ! mu%room h\ses :i* arose )\t ord] or sy/em1 ( ! *ang+ sy/em ( education1 ! *ang+ ideas t[>ds p>5ts--ev]y?+ spasmodic1 gr[+1 muddl$4 ,simil>ly1 ,mr4 ,e4,m4 ,=/]1 9 ,h[>d's ,end1 %[s ! old h\se s de> to ! he>t ( ,mrs4 ,wilcox1 z ! symbol ( p]man5ce 9 an unfix$ society :i* is homeless1 re/less1 *ang+4 ,ev5 if we look abroad we %all f9d some?+ ( ?is same s5se ( ! trans=mation 9 ! ord] ( ?+s2 9 ,am]ica1 ,mr4 ,w9/on ,*ur*ill has writt5 a s]ies ( novels to illu/rate ! successive phases 9 ! ,am]ican "*2 & 9 ,france au?ors l ,m4 ,paul ,b\rget & ,m4 ,r5 ,baz9 emphasise respectively ! *ange f ari/ocracy to democracy1 & f ! rev]5ce ( or?odoxy to ! revolution>y secul> _s4 ,9 a some:at diff]5t way ,mr4 ,galswor?y1 ,mr4 ,%aw1 & ,mr4 ,granville ,b>k] are affect$ by ! fluidity ( _! environm5t4 ,( ,mr4 ,galswor?y ,i %all h some?+ m to say1 & ne$ m]ely po9t out = ! mom5t t 9 ,frat]nity1 ,/rife1 & especially ,ju/ice1 ! au?or is n m]ely indicat+ b advocat+ *anges :i*1 in/ead ( be+ left to accid5t1 are to be guid$ 9 accordance ) a def9ite human purpose4 ,mr4 ,%aw is s m9d$ t he prea*es aga9/ *ange :]ev] he p]ceives x1 & clam\rs = x :5 he p]ceives x n4 ,?us 9 ,! ,doctor's ,dilemma & ! ,preface to x1 f9d+ himself confront$ ) great *anges 9 m$ical sci5ce1 he d5\nces m$ical progress & its pret5sions z a sup]/ition & a fraud4 ,9 ,gett+ ,m>ri$1 on ! o!r h&1 f9d+ t ! public is /ill (t5 cont5t ) old-fa%ion$ ideas ( sex relations & home life1 he ridicules home life z we und]/& x1 on ! gr\nd t x is no m natural to u ?an a cage is natural to a cockatoo4 ,i am n accus+ him ( any real inconsi/5cy 9 ?us alt]nat+ betwe5 cons]vative & revolution>y dogmas4 ,he w\ld d\btless hold t *anges ought to h be5 made :]e !re h be5 none1 & t ^? :i* h occurr$ h n foll[$ ! c\rse :i* he1 or m5 gift$ ) simil> =esight1 w\ld h prescrib$4 ,x may be object$ t ! influ5ce ( *ange ^u lit]ature is n only felt by our contempor>ies1 b has affect$ ! lit]ature ( all times2 t x is ! function ( m5 ( lett]s to be ahead ( _! contempor>ies & to initiate ideas :i* are productive ( *ange2 t ! hi/ory ( lit]ature is ! hi/ory ( ! progress ( ?\ght & imag9ation2 & t !re=e ! pres5t age does n diff] 9 ?is respect f o!rs4 ,to :i* ,i w\ld reply t :il/ o!r lit]atures h repres5t$ or initiat$ *ange1 !re has nev] be5 a "t :5 s _m ( ! be/ creative intellects h consci\sly conc]n$ !mselves ) ?is process1 mak+ *ange ( conditions ei!r _! arti/ic subject or _! delib]ate practical object4 ,! reason1 ( c\rse1 is obvi\s2 !re nev] has be5 a "t :5 ! _w 0 und]go+ su* a />tl+ & rapid trans=mation4 ,x is true1 ! economic1 mat]ial1 sci5tific1 & moral *anges 9 ! ,a!ns ( ! fif? c5tury came ab\t quickly & dra/ically1 & ! recon/itution ( intellectual & moral ideas moot$ by ! ,sophi/s f\nd a pr(\nd expression 9 ! dialectic ( ! drama4 ,h[ f> ! ,elizabe?ans 7 influ5c$ by ! revival ( le>n+ & sci5ce1 ! discov]y ( ! new _w & ! expansion ( comm]ce1 is a "q ,i ne$ n emb>k ^u4 ,b x w n be disput$ t ! face ( ! _w has nev] 9 any kn[n p]iod ( hi/ory be5 s *ang$ out ( all recognition z x has be5 by ! sci5tific & indu/rial revolutions ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! b>b>ian invasions :i* put an end to ,imp]ial ,rome c h _h no outw>d & visible effect comp>able to t ( ! invasion ( ! ma*9e4 ,:at wond] t ! sup]ficial1 hurri$ read] ( to-day f9ds little to satisfy him 9 ! lit]ature ( ! sev5te5? or eighte5? c5turies1 ! =m] s mu* conc]n$ ei!r ) religion or pleasure1 ! latt] ) ! moral virtues or _! opposites6 ,! ,r5aissance did n rea* its moral consummation till ! "t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 its intellectual consummation till ! n9ete5? c5tury1 its mat]ial consummation till ! tw5tie? c5tury & !reaft]4 ,! gr[? ( sci5ce fir/ affect$ ! imag9ation1 = x 0 an emancipat+ idea2 its fir/ (fspr+ 0 ,romanticism & ! idea ( lib]ty & democracy4 ,b sci5ce z x progress$ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury came1 fir/ ) ! ma*9e & ! :ip1 !n ) ! ma*9e & ! morali/1 at its elb[4 ,b :]ev] & h[ev] x came1 x trans=m$ ) lightn+ rapidity1 j 9 t way 9 :i* ,mr4 ,wells1 ,mr4 ,b5nett1 ,mr4 ,=/]1 & ,mr4 ,w9/on ,*ur*ill1 ! ,am]ican1 h indicat$2 till ! m]e fact ( its trans=m+ became s rem>kable & absorb+ t t fact has almo/ exhau/$ ! att5tion ( ?ree-f\r?s ( ! arti/s & intellectuals ( our age4 ,s habituat$ !n h we become to rapid *ange 9 ! conditions ( life t ! fir/ ?+ we po/ulate is fur!r *ange4 ,! ru/ic accu/om$ to ! same food e day ( 8 life does n criticise 8 f>e2 x is ! epicure1 accu/om$ to v>iety1 :o is critical ( ! m5u4 ,! active m9d :i* witnesses p]petual v>iety mu/ be p]petually critical4 ,to be aw>e t ! conditions ( to-day are diff]5t f ! conditions ( ye/]day & ( to-morr[ is1 accord+ to ! temp]am5t ( ! behold]1 to lam5t ! pa/ or to ha/5 ! future4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,radical & ! ,cons]vative are alike1 t x is ! p]ception ( *ange :i* det]m9es !m1 ?\gh x det]m9es !m 9 diff]5t ways1 ! "o be+ affect$ by hope1 ! o!r by fe>4 ,bo? are discont5t$ ) ! pres5t1 ! "o because x falls %ort ( ! future1 :i* he imag9es1 ! o!r because x has dep>t$ f ! security ( ! pa/1 :i* he idealises4 ,&1 z we h se51 ev5 ! creative arti/ _c escape f ! fasc9ation ( ?is ev]-*ang+ environm5t1 :]e ! unsy/ematis$ pres5t obtrudes its fre% discont5ts1 & ! unkn[n future is pregnant ) possibilities ( good & ! alt]native ( unimag9able evil4 ,all p]ceive t some?+ mu/ be done to direct ! plung+ c\rse ( ?is hydra-head$ democracy :i*1 z its onru% is 9 any case irresi/ible1 may at any mom5t deviate f ! pa? & fl+ itself headlong to p]dition4 ,:5 ! guns are fir+ & ! battle is jo9$ & ! cries ( ! w\nd$ fill ! air1 !re are n _m :o c sit d[n 9 ! mid/1 l ! ,g]man philosoph] at ! battle ( ,au/]litz1 to contemplate ! ,absolute4 ,mo/ ( !m1 ev5 ?\gh _! function is art1 ru% out to jo9 ! mle2 & ?is is :y !y incur ! c5sure ( ! review]s1 mak+ fiction & drama a bran* ( sociology4 ,b "o seems to he>1 di/+ui%able occasionally amid/ ! d91 a l[1 fa9t murmur4 ,?is way madness lies4 ,is man1 ! ma/] ( 8 s\l1 to be ?us enslav$ to 8 conditions8 ,is he to be toss$ hi!r & ?i!r by *anges :i* he did n create1 by ideas to :i* he did n subscribe1 by a tempe/ he nev] wi%$ to combat8 ,is !re no quiet place ( refuge :]e9 he may be at peace to live z 8 ance/ors liv$1 & to *]i% ! humble ambitions :i* !y *]i%$8 ,! answ]1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 is ,no4 ,! conv5tions :i* s]v$ _! purpose h 9 _m cases lo/ _! mean+2 ! duties our ance/ors p]=m$ h lo/ _! usefulness2 ! old bottles w n hold ! new w9e :i* our g5]ation s]ves to u4 ,& ?is is "o reason :y s _m p rate & gibe at :at !y call ! muddle-head$ ,briti% public2 because x _c *ange its ideas s quickly z x is =c$ to *ange its conditions ( life4 ,b is !re n an important significance 9 ! v fact :i* makes our intellectuals desp]ate ) indignation1 ! fact t y _c *ange ! public m9d s rapidly z y c *ange its tramway s]vices1 its gov]nm5t1 or ! place--! cell>1 ! cru/ ( ! e>?1 or ! sky--9 :i* x is to be h\s$8 ,x is easi] to take a man up 9 an a]oplane ?an x is to make him agree t 8 neighb\r ought to run away ) 8 wife1 or t 8 sons ought n to read ,?ucydides4 ,ev5 among/ ^? writ]s :om ,i h nam$ !re is beg9n+ to arise a half-=m$ consci\sness t amid all ^! *anges 9 circum/ances we mu/ be c>eful h[ we admit *anges 9 "* & 9 m5tal calibre2 a consci\sness t we are 9 ne$ ( "s fix$ po9t by :i* ! _w may be enabl$ to reta9 its sanity4 ,n[ !re are two classes ( p :o believe 9 p]man5ce3 ^? :o ?9k t ! _w is ! same always because !y are too silly to op5 _! eyes2 & ! v small class ( ^? :o h felt pr(\ndly t all ?+s are *ang+ 9 some?+ m ?an ! ,h]aclitean s5se1 :o h yet p5etrat$ to ! necessity ( a p]man5ce1 ( an organic human cont9uity1 und]ly+ ! multiplex circum/ances & ideas ( our life4 ,& ?is br+s me back to ,mr4 ,=/] & ,mr4 ,galswor?y4 ,h[>d's ,end1 ! old-fa%ion$ h\se :i* gives its "n to ,mr4 ,=/]'s novel1 is contra/$ ) ! new build+s :i* are occupi$ & vacat$1 :i* spr+ up on all sides & are vic>i\sly inhabit$1 :i* draw ne>] & ne>] to ! g>d5 & ! wy*-elm ( ,h[>d's ,end4 ,x is ! symbol ( p]man5ce1 ( ! old ord] :i* connects ! pa/ ) ! pres5t1 ! p]sonal & individual ) ! cosmopolitan & indiff]5t2 x is ! some?+ sacr$ :i* nei!r an individual nor a nation c af=d to neglect4 ,mr4 ,=/]1 impress$ z he is ) ! ne$ ( *ange1 direct$ in/ead ( haphaz>d1 nev]!less p]ceives t !re are p]man5t elem5ts1 belong+ to "*1 9 our blood & our tradition1 :i* _c be ignor$ )\t p]il4 ,mr4 ,galswor?y1 9 ,! ,patrician1 is no long] ! m]e antagoni/ ( ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,he seems to h atta9$ a sort ( optimism /rangely at v>iance ) 8 e>li] views2 to h decl>$ t runn+ ?r\gh all ^! conflicts1 revolutions1 & evolutions !re is & has be5 a c]ta9 national s5se1 a sort ( collective reasonabl5ess1 :i* is con/antly mak+ itself felt1 & be+ express$ 9 its be/ =m by ! lead]s ( op9ion1 ! ari/ocrats ( nature2 t ! torr5t runs1 z x 71 betwe5 solid banks2 t 9 ! long run "* triumphs ov] confusion4 #c4 ,x w\ld be folly to regret t ! drama ( mod]n life1 ( our swiftly evolv+ mod]n society1 has become absorb+ly int]e/+ to s _m ( ! be/ bra9s ( ! "t4 ,al?\gh we may detect a s]i\s limitation to lit]ature1 a didacticism ali5 to ! dis9t]e/$ _s ( art1 /ill we _c fail to see t a new sort ( vitality1 belong+ r to ! moral s5se ?an ! intellect or ! p]ceptions1 has be5 infus$ into imag9ative lit]ature4 ,some?+1 at lea/1 :i* is fre% & real & vital has be5 introduc$1 exclusive ( mu* t we h be5 accu/om$ to reg>d z excell5t1 b s]v+ surely to give a di/9ctive & f> f negligible "* to ! typical lit]ature ( our "t4 ,t typical lit]ature1 9 its mo/ important manife/ations1 is conc]n$ ) ! ev5ts t are happ5+ ar\nd u "h & n[--) ideas1 l>gely p>tisan1 t give mean+ to !m--) ! purposes t direct & det]m9e !m4 ,criticism1 if x is to be vital criticism1 _c dissociate itself f ^? ideas1 nor look on ) sublime indiff]5ce to op9ions z to ! true & ! false1 ! desirable & ! undesirable4 ,b :5 we h said t1 we are also b\nd to recognise ! drawbacks & s]i\s limitations ( ! mod]n t5d5cy4 ,x includes--& we come back to ! po9t at :i* we />t$--a t5d5cy to dissociate mod]n writ+ f ! cont9u\s /ream ( ,engli% & _w lit]ature4 ,incid5tally ! didacticism ( mod]n writ]s1 & _! absorption 9 ! affairs ( ! mom5t1 h n only s]v$ to make a brea* betwe5 !mselves & ,engli% lit]ature z a :ole1 to ! detrim5t ( _! p]spective1 b h also set a gulf betwe5 !mselves & ^? ( ano!r s*ool1 = :om _w lit]ature is m important ?an ! lit]ature ( to-day1 = :om erudition & int]e/ 9 ! pa/ are n to be lightly dismiss$ z academicism4 ,i c imag9e no great] disa/] to lett]s ?an a brea* betwe5 ! lit]>y orig9ator & ! man ( le>n+4 ,su* a brea* c only mean t le>n+ is ca/ back ^u itself1 loses humanity1 & becomes academic2 & t ! au?or :o despises or ignores erudition1 & ) x ! s5se ( human cont9uity & p]man5ce = :i* x ought to /&1 t5ds to become op9ionative & %all[4 ,8 "w mu/ lack ! imag9ative range1 ! mell[ness1 ! beauty :i* _c take =m ?r\gh in/9ct alone1 :i* _c be express$ by ^? :o h n lov+ly /udi$ ! models ( antiquity & our own lit]ature1 :o h n s\ght contact ) ! life ( o!r times z well z ) ! life ( to-day4 ,! great ga9 to lit]ature 9 rec5t ye>s is t x is m closely relat$ to action & ^? g5]al ideas :i* lead to action4 ,its great correspond+ defect--& ?is is immeasurable--is its loss 9 =m1 9 univ]sality1 9 t dis9t]e/$ness :i* is ess5tial to art4 ,erudition1 :5 x is humane1 & ev5 :5 x is m]ely academic1 has1 at any rate1 always t dis9t]e/$ness :i* is ess5tial alike to sci5ce & art4 ,if x is humane--z x 01 on ! :ole1 9 ! ,elizabe?an age--its :ole moral support1 va/ 9 ?is age ( idol-wor%ipp]s1 w be on ! side ( dis9t]e/$ art & lit]ature4 ,we d n hope1 or wi%1 t all au?ors %\ld be m5 ( le>n+--!y %\ld be ( all sorts4 ,b if au?ors & m5 ( le>n+ cont9ue to be remov$ 9 sympa?y1 int]e/s1 & ideals1 x is a sign t bo? are 9 a bad way4 ,,ii ,,pr(essional ,,politics ,take my ^w = ?is1 read]1 & say a fool told x y1 if y wi%3 t he :o ha? n a dram ( folly 9 8 mixture1 ha? p\nds ( mu* worse matt] 9 8 composition4 ,^! words 7 writt5 by an irresponsible fell[ be=e ! days ( responsibility 7 inaugurat$2 be=e politicians _h become a race ap>t1 admir$ or execrat$ accord+ to ! temp]am5t ( ! behold]2 be=e writ]s 7 solemnly divid$ into m5-(-lett]s1 noveli/s1 littrateurs1 j\rnali/s1 hacks1 & pr(essors2 be=e physicians _h become a close corporation ( c]tificat$ b5efactors2 n1 inde$1 be=e lawy]s _h le>nt to trade on human litigi\sness1 b be=e !y _h won ! respect ( ! public = ! dis9t]e/$ ex]cise ( _! tal5ts4 ,! days ( specialism h add$ to ! sum-total ( human k2 b !y h dim9i%$ int]c\rse1 !y h made m5 m inaccessible to "o ano!r1 !y h promot$ new gr\p+s1 new atmosph]es1 new (ficialdoms1 new b>ri]s & wat]-tight comp>tm5ts4 ,! pr(essional _s has affect$ & infect$ ! :ole ( mod]n society2 we see its results 9 :at we call ! disappe>ance ( wit1 or ! loss ( ! conv]sational faculty1 or ! didactic habit1 or any?+ else imply+ regret = ! individualism ( ! pa/4 ,x means t our sev]al call+s h sep>at$ u1 h made u into creatures ( our pr(ession1 h e/abli%$ u on our own p>ticul> p$e/als on :i*1 z good /atues1 we mu/ rema91 & t our common humanity is an insuffici5t l9k betwe5 u4 ,our special k1 our special habit1 our special highly-e/eem$ reputation1 sets up a b>ri] :i* cuts u (f f our fell[s & de/roys community ( feel+4 ,! politician ( m$iocre capacity may "k en\gh to cut a figure among 8 political associates only by judici\s sil5ce1 or by talkativ5ess on ^? subjects ( :i* o!rs are ignorant4 ,b put him among 8 non-political fri5ds1 & he is an oracle ( wisdom ^u ! law & ! ,con/itution4 ,! doctor1 :o has =gott5 8 sci5tific pr9ciples b has pick$ up "s empirical k1 has ! advantage ( exp]i5ce & au?ority z aga9/ ! layman = :om he prescribes4 ,! lawy]1 ! civil s]vant1 ! pr(essional !ologian1 & ! diplomat are 9 ! same position4 ,!y all "k en\gh ( _! subject to be sup]ior to ^? :o "k next to no?+ ( x4 ,!y "k en\gh to h p$e/als ( _! own2 to be on _! gu>d2 to h a reputation to ma9ta92 to conceal ! dram ( folly2 to be1 to t ext5t1 artificial 9 _! relations ) m54 ,!y d>e n betray ! laughable blund]1 :i*1 said ,*>les ,lamb1 is ! te/ y\r neighb\r give? y t he w n betray or ov]-rea* y4 ,9 ! case ( ! *>t]$ acc\ntant1 or ! /ockbrok]1 or ! p$l>1 ?is special k is n s damn+ a ?+4 ,no acc\ntant1 be he ev] s limit$1 c be :olly cont5t$ ) acc\ntancy z an explanation or sum-total ( life2 nor c ! brok]1 h[ev] absorb$ 9 8 bus9ess1 admit to 8 fri5ds t ! manipulat+ ( /ocks & %>es is ! only matt] :i* %\ld consume ! int]e/ ( mortals4 ,x is o!rwise ) ! politician1 ! prie/1 ! man ( lett]s1 ! pr(essional philosoph]1 & ev5 ! lawy] & ! soldi]4 ,!re is no?+ human :i* may n ent] into politics1 religion or philosophy1 or become ! subject ( lit]ature2 ! human complexion ( ! ,/ate may be trans=m$ by ! pr(essional prejudice ( ! lawy] or ! soldi]4 ,consid] h[1 = democratic purposes1 ! ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t is made4 ,!re is no ne$ to pay undue att5tion to ! amus+ exagg]ations & di/ortions ( ,mr4 ,belloc & ,mr4 ,cecil ,*e/]ton4 ,! ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t has be5 support$ 9 8 con/itu5cy by a gr\p ( local politicals :o h a heal?y en?usiasm = ! p>ty w>-cry4 ,! s]i\s c&idate is too exp]i5c$1 too pr(essional1 to %>e ^? en?usiasms 9 precisely t =m :i* !y assume1 at election "t1 9 ! m9ds ( 8 support]s4 ,i d n mean t he is less en?usia/ic ?an !y1 a less :ole-he>t$ back] ( 8 p>ty1 b t1 f ! nature ( 8 political exp]i5ce1 politics pres5ts itself to him "u a p]spective :i* _c be !irs4 ,he leaves 8 con/itu5cy a specially orda9$ *ampion ( political tru?2 he arrives at ,we/m9/] a unit 9 ! cr[d4 ,if we foll[ our memb] to ,we/m9/] we %all soon f9d t he has fall5 into ! ,p>liam5t>y mann]2 t 8 ideas are gr\p$ ar\nd ! ideas famili> to ! ,h\se ( ,commons2 t he has tak5 its tone1 & t 8 habits are becom+ gradually assimilat$ to ! habits ( ^? few ) :om he especially associates himself4 ,let u att5d a meet+ ( "s propag&i/ committee compris+ a numb] ( exp]t politicians--,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 or o!rs4 ,we %all f9d !re ! bond ( a common k1 a common sympa?y1 a common approa* t[>ds a giv5 subject1 a common j>gon4 ,we %all be aw>e ( ! fact t we h come into a p>ticul>1 highly-specialis$ atmosph]e1 :]e ! famili> language ( ord9>y life1 ! famili> ideas1 w\ld be intrusions1 m]it+ no?+ b fr[ns or compassionate smiles4 ,& ! same ?+ is true ( mo/ corporate j\rnalism & mo/ corporate religion4 ,! atmosph]e is highly specialis$2 x is b9d+2 & ^? :o live 9 x believe x to be co-ext5sive ) ! :ole ( life4 ,let u b9d ourselves by ,tol/oy2 let u agree to loos5 ourselves by ,nietzs*e2 b1 9 any case let u agree to love our neighb\r on ! pr9ciple ( a close corporation4 ,! ma9 influ5ces :i* %ape ! mod]n _w op]ate1 = ! mo/ "p1 ?r\gh intellectual gr\ps2 ea* gr\p c only be appeal$ to 9 a language famili> to x2 x c only act on pr9ciples 7consci\sly accept$ or presuppos$7 :i* are its v special prop]ty2 y c nev] t\* x to ! quick1 9 its corporate & active capacity1 )\t accept+ or appe>+ to accept its collective prejudices4 ,its diff]5tia is t :i* sep>ates x f ! unit ( common humanity4 ,?us we come to some?+ m difficult to analyse ?an specialisation ( "w--a specialisation ( s5tim5t1 habits & morals1 :i* makes p supremely sapi5t )9 a n>r[ sph]e :i* !y h appropriat$1 & s limit$ z to be bl9d 9 ! broad field ( e?ics :i* lies outside _! special k54 ,& yet x is ?r\gh ^! gr\ps1 ke5-ey$ 9 "o direction1 bl9d 9 o!rs1 t ! intellect1 ! re=m+ zeal1 ! e>ne/ness1 ! idealism ( ! age1 h to pass be=e ideas & vague aspiration c be trans=m$ into action or effective influ5ce4 ,^! gr\ps are ! ma9-dra9age-sy/em ( mod]n life2 !y are ! ord9>y *annels ?r\gh :i* ! bus9ess ( ! _w has to pass1 & its organis$ ?\ght be direct$4 ,take any "o ( ^! gr\ps1 & consid] its diff]5tial "*1 its mode ( app]ception1 its ?os1 & y f9d x some?+ de=m$1 twi/$1 /ra9$ 9 "o direction1 l a tree by ! sea-%ore4 ,b take a few score ( !m1 & imag9e _! qualities fus$ toge!r1 & ! result w\ld accord ) ! ideals ( common humanity--ideals vaguely conceiv$1 p]haps1 b g5]\s4 ,x is j because ! qualities ( ^! gr\ps1 9 politics1 religion1 social "w1 & to a less] ext5t 9 lit]ature1 are n & _c be fus$ toge!r1 b on ! contr>y1 /& ap>t 9 wat]-tight comp>tm5ts1 s t ! :ole is l an elaborate sy/em ( *ecks to make ea* "p inop]ative1 t1 at a "t :5 ! :ole community is /rangely alive ) good w1 ! actual social a*ievem5t is beyond measure disappo9t+4 ,! te/ ( success or failure is ! degree ( satisfaction af=d$ to ! common man4 ,by ! common man ,i d n mean ! inf]ior man1 b ! man :o has n specialis$ himself out ( 8 common humanity4 ,if !re is any int]e/ :i* an hone/ lawy] c %>e ) an hone/ fi%]man1 a dec5t cockney ) a dec5t ,b$\9 ,arab1 he does x 9 virtue ( ?is nobl] commonness2 x may include ! int]e/s ( good fell[%ip1 ( delight 9 song or nature1 ( a belief 9 ,god1 & a ho/ ( indescribable int]e/s :i* d n belong to ! me*anism & compulsory organisation ( life2 x includes "s dram ( folly1 "s capacity = laughable blund] 9 int]c\rse betwe5 m54 ,culture may break 9 ^u ?is commonness & de/roy x4 ,b x ne$ n be s4 ,%akespe>e has ?is commonness 9 a high degree2 s h ,johnson1 & ,goldsmi?1 & ,lamb2 all great arti/s h _h x :5 _! culture has n craz$ !m1 or :5 !y h n lift$ !mselves into an almo/ my/ical absorption 9 ex]cis+ "s gift ( au/]e1 monum5tal expression2 9 :i* case1 l ,milton1 !y sc>cely belong to ! category ( humans2 _! food is ambrosial1 & _! w9e is nect>4 ,! task ( ! inspir$ politician has become h>d] 9 proportion z ! problem ( gov]nm5t has become m intricate & m specialis$4 ,he mu/ "w ?r\gh 8 ma*9]y1 :i* includes n only ! adm9i/rative ma*9e1 b all ^? gr\ps1 9 & out ( ,p>liam5t1 limit$ by _! e?ical & s5tim5tal specialities4 ,he mu/ be pr(essional en\gh to appreciate ! gr\nd ( _! excell5ces1 & common en\gh to disc>d _! limitations4 ,x is only :5 !re are sev]al su* m51 p[]ful en\gh to leav5 politics & lead politicians1 t mod]n democracy c h any %ad[ ( reality--m5 :o und]/& ! rank & file ( humanity1 conv]sant also ) ! complicat$ ma*9e & ! cont5d+ gr\ps ( n>r[ly def9$ ideals1 m5 fir$ ) t con/ructive imag9ation :i* cry/allises 9 common s5se4 ,,iii ,,specialism ,,9 ,,religion ,x is significant t ! "n ,religion ( ,humanity 0 giv5 to a set ( t5ets :i* /rictly speak+ conta9$ no religion at all4 ,positivism ga9$ gr\nd 9 middle-,victorian ,engl& n m]ely because ,sci5ce & ! !ory ( ,evolution 7 9 ! asc5dant1 b /ill m because x 0 recognis$ t ! or?odox ,*ur*es 7 out ( h>mony ) mod]n life2 t !y 7 m9i/]+ nei!r to mod]n humanit>ian feel+ nor to humanity4 ,positivism survives to ?is day 9 ! p]son ( ,mr4 ,fr$]ic ,h>rison & a few o!rs 7includ+ sev]al ( ! lead]s ( ! ,"y ,turki% p>ty72 b x w\ld by ?is "t h be5 a p[]ful cre$ if x _h be5 really a cre$1 if x _h any?+ spiritual & cr$ible to (f] to ^? :o are outrag$ by ! pr(essional neglect1 self-absorption1 & intellectual ins9c]ity ( ! ,*ur*es4 ,ev]yone is aw>e ( ! failure ( ! ,*ur*es to t\* mod]n life2 to escape f _! grooves2 to cease to deal 9 conv5tional & monoton\s it]ations ( old-fa%ion$ =mul in/ead ( f9d+ vital1 human1 develop+ expressions ( ! spiritual crav+ ( man4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,george ,cadbury is aw>e ( ?is failure1 z he %[$ by 8 zeal = ! inquiry into *ur* att5dance "s ye>s ago1 an inquiry :i* has be5 repeat$ ?is ye> ) results unsatisfactory to ! ,*ur*es4 ,! "q has be5 debat$ aga9 & aga91 & inquir]s h be5 unable to make up _! m9ds :e!r x is ! ,*ur*es t are n good en\gh = ! p1 or ! p :o are n good en\gh = ! ,*ur*es4 ,x is a "q ( ! priority ( ! *ick5 or ! egg4 ,x is n kn[n :e!r public s5tim5t is deprav$ because x is ali5at$ f ! ,*ur*es1 or :e!r ! ,*ur*es are deprav$ because !y h exclud$ s _m ( ! mo/ p[]ful moral =ces ( ! "t4 ,c]ta9 x is t !y h (f5d$ by _! exclusiv5ess2 by ! n>r[+ d[n ( int]e/2 by ! cliqui%ness ( ^? :o are speciali/s 9 piety or ritual4 ,we may obs]ve _! habit ( m9d 9 t n>r[ ,victorian sect :i* conv]t$ ,mr4 ,gosse's /rong-will$ & 9 _m ways lovable fa!r into an intol]ant tyrant 7z set =? 9 ,fa!r & ,son72 t lax & snobbi% bran* ( ! ,anglican ,*ur* :i* fail$ to capture ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw 9 8 y\?1 because x /ood only = a class prejudice2 & ^? /range types ( ,*ri/ianity :i*1 z ,mr4 ,l[es ,dick9son expresses x1 f9d no di%>mony betwe5 belief 9 a ,p[] t is suppos$ to h creat$ ! />s & ! tig] & ! s5tim5tal1 almo/ erotic "* ( _m ,*ri/ian hymns3 ,jesu1 lov] ( my s\l1 ,let me to ,?y bosom fly4 ,! evid5ce ( ^? :o h be5 e/rang$ f ! ,*ur*es is wor? consid]+4 ,we see t ,mr4 ,gosse 0 driv5 f !m 9 8 y\? by _! sect>ian n>r[ness & unwill+ness to face intellectual inquiry2 ,mr4 ,%aw by ! flippancy ( ! ,iri% ,*ur*1 its class prejudice1 its false respectability2 ,mr4 ,l[es ,dick9son1 among o!r reasons1 because at a "t :5 m5 are le>n+ to adapt ! processes ( ,nature to _! ends1 :5 x becomes !m to dwell less & less ^u _! weaknesses & m & m ^u _! /r5g?1 ! or?odox ,*ri/ians ass]t t we are mis]able s9n]s1 t !re is no heal? 9 u1 :5 !y ought to be too busy demon/rat+ 9 fact ! contr>y4 ,memb]s ( ! g5]al public 9 "o way & ano!r h become accu/om$ to reg>d religion ) an uneasy con/ra9t2 !re are h>mless ?+s :i* mu/ n be said 9 ! pres5ce ( a prie/2 !re is a pa/orality ab\t ! m9i/] :i* implies a flock & a cot]ie2 & ,engli%m5 seldom m5tion ! "n ( ,god )\t an appe>ance ( apology or secret %ame4 ,religion has become l>gely a matt] ( cliques1 cot]ies1 associations--( specialism 9 codes & casui/ry4 ,i w n press ! "q :e!r ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has n be5 ! hi/ory ( ! p]v]sions ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,a di/+ui%$ ,*9ese au?or n long ago indict$ ! alleg$ un-,*ri/ian me?ods ( our mission>ies 9 ,*9a2 ,dr4 ,halil ,halid1 a ,turk1 has po9t$ out t x is 9 ! ,*ri/ian c\ntries t ! ,*ri/ian virtues ( humility & disda9 ( weal? are lea/ 9 evid5ce4 ,:at conc]ns u n[ is ! feel+ 9 =mally ,*ri/ian c\ntries t 9 spite ( ,*ri/ianity ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es h n taught t ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is on e>?2 !y h n taught tol]ation & love2 !y h urg$ u to ignore ! pres5t _w 9 ! int]e/s ( ! next2 & because _! own foll[]s h refus$ to d any?+ ( ! k9d !y h isolat$ religion f practical life4 ,i agree t _m ,*ur*es1 seek+ to adapt !mselves to mod]n ne$s1 h organis$ social clubs1 c>ri$ on political crusades1 & r5d]$ useful s]vice 9 rescue "w2 b ev5 s !y h r t5d$ to di/+ui% betwe5 !mselves 9 _! spiritual capacity & !mselves 9 _! secul> capacity4 ,! majority ( p d n seem to f9d 9 ! religi\s s]vices ( ! ,*ur*es a note t t\*es _! practical ne$s or _! spiritual ideals4 ,! mo/ successful popul> appeal has be5 made by ^? organisations :i* h endeav\r$ to add to ! ze/ ( life by excit+ music1 tuneful hymns1 & buoyant rhetoric4 ,9 our unprec$5t$ age ( incessant *ange1 cont9u\s revolution1 & swift innovation1 we h become accu/om$ to ! idea t ! social ord] c & mu/ be alt]$1 t m5 mu/ take ?+s into _! own h&s4 ,! fatalism ( ! old or?odoxy is n = a p :o see t ?+s are accompli%$ by ! human w2 su* p are naturally impati5t ) ^? :o entreat ! ,deity to d = !m :at !y c v well d = !mselves4 ,! la/ ( ! great fatali/s 9 ,engli% lit]ature is ,mr4 ,?omas ,h>dy4 ,he 0 mov$ by ! d[nfall ( ! old settl$ civilisation & ! purposeless1 vex+ *anges :i* swept l a hurricane on a nation n[ sudd5ly made consci\s ( its evil lot4 ,he 0 aw>e ( ! mod]n vice ( unre/ at a "t :5 ! human w _h n yet set itself to direct & organise *ange4 ,?us x 0 t he came to pron\nce ! la/ ^w ab\t ,fatalism1 &1 9 s do+1 to r$uce x to absurdity4 ,! ,fir/ ,cause1 z ,sue ,fawley p]ceiv$ x1 work$ automatically l a somnambuli/1 & n reflectively l a sage2 %e blam$ ?+s 9 g5]al1 because !y are s horrid & cruel6 ,:atev] "o's !ological views may be1 no "o to-day tol]ates 9 ! drama ( life any god-(-!-ma*9e4 ,9 ,greece1 art & religion w5t h& 9 h&1 & ?is 0 possible because gods 7 l m5 & manife/$ !mselves ?r\gh ,nature1 n 9 a sph]e outside ,nature4 ,no civilisation prior to our own exp]i5c$ s rapid an evolution z ,a!ns 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c42 b :5 t c5tury 0 ov]1 x 0 /ill possible = a philosoph] to draw robu/ symbolical illu/rations f ! old my?ology4 ,! ,mod]ni/s to-day are only apply+ a law ( hi/ory :5 !y say t religion mu/ evolve ) ! evolution ( human culture4 ,9 ! fir/ ?irte5 c5turies1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* did 9 practice *ange & adapt itself to civilisation4 ,z long z ! _w 0 cons]vative1 a cons]vative ,*ur* c\ld keep pace ) x4 ,! fir/ cataclysm came at ! "t :5 civilisation 0 aga9 rapidly *ang+1 & ,*ri/ianity only em]g$ torn & divid$ by ! ,re=mation4 ,b ! _w to-day is be+ alt]$ f> m rapidly ?an at ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,x turns f ! ,*ur*es1 n because x is tir$ ( ! spiritual life1 or ( o!r-worldl9ess1 b because1 j z x dem&s ( lit]ature & art t !y %\ld appeal to ! mod]n m9d & he>t1 s x c be cont5t ) no?+ less f religion4 ,& x is j because ! ,*ur*es h be5 too cons]vative1 because !y t5d to tradition1 =mul1 conv5tions1 & mann]s :i*1 reta9$ beyond _! "t1 assume ! g>b ( unreality1 t !y are ab&on$ or slight$ by ! p--z !y mu/ cont9ue to be slight$--until new prophets arise to pres5t univ]sal tru?s 9 a new & practical =m2 to endeav\r to prea* religion z ! great man ( lett]s endeav\rs to repres5t beauty & tru?4 ,,iv ,,specialism ,,9 ,,w> ,engl& is v ne> to ! ,cont95t ( ,europe1 & we are accu/om$ to ?9k+ ( ,we/]n civilisation z "o4 ,yet e "t we cross ! ,*annel we are rem9d$ 9 "s fre% way ( ! =eignness ( =eign c\ntries4 ,! dwell+-h\ses ( ,france1 = in/ance1 are diff]5t f ! dwell+-h\ses ( ,engl& 9 respect ( ! important fact t !y are all to "s ext5t =tifi$ h\ses4 ,great & small h\ses alike are evid5tly built ) a view to def5ce f )94 ,if y take a c\ntry walk any:]e 9 ,norm&y y f9d t ! g>d5s ( ! c\ntry h\ses h massive gates & high walls1 ! front door is l a portcullis1 & ! w9d[ %utt]s are b>ricades4 ,! smalle/ cottages h great doors & w9d[ %utt]s1 & if !re is a g>d51 x is two to "o t ! wall is a real wall4 ,& n only 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts1 b 9 ! t[ns1 pre-em95tly 9 ,p>is itself1 ea* h\se or block ( flats is s con/ruct$ z to defy ! viol5t intrud]4 ,x /rikes u /rangely1 z we walk ?r\gh ! cities ( ,france & reflect ^u ! reasons = ^! squ>e doors & ^! gu>d$ w9d[s4 ,we h suff]$ no rec5t invasion1 we h _h no bloody revolution4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! n9ete5? c5tury our isl& has kn[n no?+ m viol5t ?an ! ,pet]loo massacre or ! ,*>ti/ riots4 ,we h con/antly _h w>s1 b !y h be5 di/ant w>s1 a matt] = ! hirel+ soldi]1 & n (t5 dragg+ 9 ! volunte] civilian4 ,if we 7 disgu/$ :5 we he>d ! true /ory ( ! ,crimea1 we soon =got ! /ory4 ,we 7 %ock$ aga9 by ! facts ( ! ,bo] ,w>2 we _h n ?\ght t s _m m5 c\ld be s quickly kill$1 s _m millions ( money :ittl$ away4 ,b ev5 ! ,s\? ,african ,w> nev] remotely seem$ to ?reat5 ! security ( our own isl&s4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ! policeman has be5 en\gh4 ,a light bolt & a key gu>d u aga9/ petty burgl>s2 we walk abroad un>m$--at ! wor/1 we comm5t on ! fact t x is well to c>ry a /ick if we walk alone 9 ,epp+ ,=e/4 ,we h aboli%$ duell+4 ,we h =bidd5 prize-fights4 ,ev5 ! horse-:ip has ceas$ to be ! patrician's mode ( r$ress+ wrong4 ,= assault1 libel1 sl&]1 we h a rem$y 9 ! law c\rts4 ,ev5 9 our puni%m5t ( crim9als1 if occasionally we h to put a man out ( ! way by discreetly hang+ him1 we nev] subject him to ! degradation ( a :ipp+4 ,y\?ful b>b>ians at public s*ools /ill roll ab\t & pummel "o ano!r1 b ! organis$1 /&-up fight1 su* z 0 f\ght 9 ,tom ,br[n's s*ooldays1 is disc\rag$2 public op9ion is aga9/ x4 ,f infancy we are taught to be peaceful1 law-abid+ citiz5s4 ,mo/ ( u1 !n1 "k v little ab\t physical viol5ce4 ,! %$d+ ( blood is an unfamili> spectacle4 ,if a man is knock$ d[n by a motor-bus1 we may or we may n feel human sympa?y1 b c]ta9ly we are physically %ock$ by ! gruesome sight4 ,we s5d m5 to ! gall[s1 b we no long] wat* _! agony on ,tyburn ,hill4 ,we despat* m5 to a fronti] w>1 b we "k little ab\t _! w\nds4 ,& yet1 z ( old1 our m>tial ard\r is ar\s$ & we gl[ ) patriotic pride :5 a regim5t ( soldi]s m>*es pa/ to ! s\nd ( music4 ,z ( old1 ! ?\ght ( any great ,european w> excites u1 ev5 fasc9ates u4 ,we "k en\gh1 inde$1 to assure ourselves t a great w> w\ld mean economic ru91 t ev5 a di/ant w> betwe5 two =eign c\ntries1 su* z ,turkey & ,italy1 or ,turkey & ,bulg>ia1 w probably react unfav\rably on our own trade4 ,yet ! ?\ght ( a great w> /ill pr(\ndly int]e/s ! mass ( ,engli%m52 !y are fasc9at$2 !y almo/ long = news ( ! great1 decisive1 bloody battle :i* means a s5sation1 a spectacle1 an acqua9tance ) some?+ do+1 a some?+ /range1 gruesome1 viol5t1 & va/4 ,i am n say+ t ! p ( ?is c\ntry approv$ ( ! w> :i* ,italy ?\ght good to wage aga9/ ,turkey1 or 7 pleas$ at ! horrible slaught] 9 ! ,balkans4 ,x is obvi\s1 on ! contr>y1 t !y /rongly disapprov$4 ,! ,great ,illusion1 s effectively expos$ by ,norman ,angell1 is no long] univ]sally ent]ta9$4 ,capital has le>nt ! horrors ( w>1 & organis$ lab\r has emphatically decl>$ aga9/ x4 ,& yet1 ?\gh !re 7 few ,engli% p :o w\ld n h /opp$ ! ,turco-,italian w> & mitigat$ ! horrors ( ! ,balkan w> if !y c\ld h done s1 x is manife/ t !re 7 few :o did n revel 9 ! s5sation1 j z "s ye>s ago ev5 our mo/ philan?ropic classes deplor$ & revell$ 9 ! spectacle ( ,mac$onian atrocities4 ,a fire at a !atre1 an appall+ railway accid5t1 & especially murd] on a va/1 h]oic scale1 attracts1 9 ^! peaceful days1 c]ta9ly n less ?an 9 ! days :5 b>b>ism 0 cu/om>y4 ,n[1 viol5ce & brutality are obvi\sly "o ?+ to a peaceful p & a v diff]5t ?+ to p accu/om$ to viol5ce 9 _! daily lives4 ,^u a man ( s$5t>y occupation a prize-fight mu/ h a v diff]5t effect f t :i* x w h ^u m5 accu/om$ to ! use ( _! fi/s4 ,x is wor? ask+3 ,:at is ?is love ( viol5ce :i* moves ! brea/ ( ! man ( peace8 ,:at is ?is emotion :i* leads m5 to be h]oic by proxy8 ,is x surviv+ physical excell5ce :i* reveals itself 9 ?is way1 or is x a cumbr\s atavi/ic relic l ! app5dix :i* ! doctors remove8 ,we see1 = in/ance1 enorm\s cr[ds ga!r+ at ! football mat*es :]e pr(essional play]s %[ _! pr[ess1 & muscles tra9$ & h>d5$ = ! fray4 ,we "k t !re 0 a cr[d look+ =w>d to ! ,wells-,johnson conte/4 ,contra/ ^! ev5ts ) a cricket mat*1 :]e !re is practically no viol5ce4 ,:atev] be ! reason1 any sportsman w te/ify to ! fact t ! cr[d :i* goes to see cricket is g5]ally a cricket+ cr[d1 b t ! cr[d :i* goes to a cup-tie football mat* is by no means 9 ! same way a football+ cr[d4 ,9 o!r words1 s f> z ! onlook]s are conc]n$1 ! cricket mat* is m truly a sport+ ev5t ?an is ! pr(essional football mat* or ! ,wells-,johnson conte/4 ,:atev] ! answ] be1 x is c]ta9 t :5 we beat ! big drum ( patriotism & set ! guns fir+1 ! ?rill :i* x ar\ses 9 ! vocal populace is diff]5t f ! ?rill 9 a p accu/om$ to viol5ce & blood4 ,we say ! vocal populace1 rememb]+ t !re is a portion ( ! population1 v important to ! community & gr[+ 9 p[]1 :i* is n facile 9 ! art ( self-expression4 ,t portion ( ! population 0 9 evid5ce at ! "t ( ! great ,coal ,/rike1 :5 x seem$ actually on ! v]ge ( rebellion1 :5 x actually committ$ viol5ce to ! horror & surprise ( our peaceful middle classes4 ,! fact is t ! v poor are nev] s f> f ! viol5t life z are memb]s ( o!r classes4 ,viol5t dea?s are n infrequ5t 9 factories1 9 coal-m9es1 9 great build+-works1 9 docky>ds4 ,! life ( deprivation makes ! passion ( ang] frequ5t2 among ! poor bl[s are (t5 ex*ang$1 & ! police are seldom call$ ^u to int]f]e4 ,necess>ily1 f ! nature ( ! case1 ! poor are m famili> ) viol5ce ?an are _! ri*] & m conv5tional neighb\rs2 x is a natural ?+ = ! m ignorant ( !m to fall back ^u physical =ce1 z !y did at ,liv]pool4 ,& s1 too1 j z !y are m accu/om$ to petty w>1 !y are less int]e/$ 9 w> betwe5 nations4 ,9 ,italy x 0 ! work+-m5 :o prote/$ aga9/ ! w> ) ,turkey4 ,b x seems t ! m educat$ & ! m organis$ we become1 ! m we leave our affairs to be manag$ by pr(essionals4 ,:5 a nation decl>es = w>1 x decl>es = a w> to be wag$ by its pr(essionals1 & x turns !m on to d a job :i*1 accord+ to civilis$ practices1 is a dirty job4 ,& :5 x is fir$ ) patriotic pride = a*ievem5ts won 9 ! field x is ex]cis+ its emotions on some?+ x _c und]/& or realise1 = ! simple reason t ! viol5ce ( w> is /range1 di/antly horrible1 fasc9at+1 b unfamili>4 ,x has nev] directly ent]$ into our exp]i5ce4 ,v ,,specialism ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,"s "t ago ,mr4 ,br&] ,mat!ws made ! orig9al sugge/ion 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review t books %\ld be writt5 = ! b5efit ( ! read]4 ,! sugge/ion is n on ! face ( x p>adoxical1 b x w be rank h]esy to ^? :o blame ! public = n b[+ d[n be=e ! sacrosanctity ( ! s]i\s au?or4 ,he admits t a book ought to be ri* ) ! full flav\r ( ! au?or's p]sonality2 prim>ily x ought to express him2 b second>ily--& ?is is ,mr4 ,br&] ,mat!ws' po9t--x is = ! sole b5efit ( ! read]4 ,i ?9k we may g a little fur!r ?an ,mr4 ,mat!ws1 & f9d a second reason :y c]ta9 au?ors fail to f9d fav\r ) ! g5]al read]4 ,9 ! case :i* ,mr4 ,mat!ws seem$ to be consid]+ !re are au?ors :o h e qualification = writ+ except t !y _c write4 ,secondly1 !re are au?ors :o1 9 ! ord9>y lit]>y s5se ( ! t]m1 c write1 :o h ga!r$ k & =m$ s]i\sly-gr\nd$ op9ions ab\t life1 :o are nev]!less s out ( t\* ) ! broad1 common int]e/s ( m5 t !y inv>iably fail to make a /rong emotional or imag9ative appeal4 ,e read] is acqua9t$ ) ! tiresome writ] :o has a great deal to say b lab\rs inf9itely 9 ! say+ ( x4 ,9 a crude1 en]getic1 excessively eulogis$ novel publi%$ 9 ,am]ica a few ye>s ago--,que$--we 7 introduc$ to an economi/ engag$ ^u a "w s le>n$ t he knew !re 7 only ?ree p]sons 9 ,am]ica capable ( und]/&+ x4 ,!re is1 d\btless1 some?+ to be said = an appreciative audi5ce ( ?ree2 b x is safe to ass]t t ev5 ! exact sci5ces might be made m widely intelligible4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 ?9k+ prim>ily ( ^? /udies :i* h "s claim to rank z lit]>y /udies4 ,x is ?r\gh lit]ature t ! hi/orian1 ! biograph]1 ! sociologi/1 & ! philosoph] mu/ make _! contributions to k4 ,yet h[ mu* rese>* & h[ mu* acute ?9k+ are wa/$ because ! /ud5t has n ! means ( mak+ 8 subject alive = o!rs1 has n ! recon/ructive imag9ation by means ( :i* tru? is communicat$6 ,x is because he _c write4 ,b ?is be+ able to write is n a matt] ( putt+ words & clauses toge!r ) correctness & elegance4 ,t mu* ! m]e s*ol> g5]ally und]/&s1 & x is because he ?9ks x suffici5t t he fails4 ,:at is want$ is a quality ( m9d :i* is too (t5 exclud$ f ! speciali/ by 8 habit ( ?\ght4 ,a few ye>s ( j\rnalism1 said ,mr4 ,w4,b4 ,yeats on "o occasion1 is an invaluable discipl9e = ! man ( lett]s4 ,no "o is m fully alive to ! defects ( j\rnalism ?an ,mr4 ,yeats--its frequ5t loos5ess1 prejudice1 obvi\sness1 & dissipation ( int]e/4 ,b1 9 spite ( t1 he saw t ! good j\rnali/'s faculty ( address+ himself directly to ! subject 9 h&1 ( /at+ x cle>ly & 9 its ess5tials )\t wa/e ( words1 ( s escap+ 8 own p>ticul> m\ld ( ?\ght t he may be easily intelligible to a v>iety ( m9ds1 requir$ a discipl9e & a broad5+ invaluable to ! man :o really has some?+ to say4 ,! speciali/ is incl9$ to lack ! broad outlook ( "o :o is int]e/$ 9 _m ?+s2 he acquires a j>gon ( 8 own2 8 m9d runs 9 ! n>r[ *annel to :i* t j>gon corresponds2 ! language he uses becomes /ilt$ & dead4 ,!re is no tonic 9 ! tru?s he tries to proclaim1 no relevance to ! re/ ( k4 ,9 o!r words1 :at he has to say may be sci5tifically valuable1 b he fails to convey x to any b 8 fell[-speciali/s4 ,mr4 ,br&] ,mat!ws po9ts out t ! great /ud5ts are ^? :o h comb9$ ! ,teutonic ?or\ghness ) ! ,fr5* compreh5siv5ess & lucidity4 ,gibbon & ,momms5 are ! great examples to :i* he po9ts4 ,engl& surely has be5 v ri* 9 writ]s ?or\gh & lucid1 b we may obs]ve t !y foll[ r ! eighte5?-c5tury tradition1 ) its intelligible common s5se1 ?an ! romantic or transc5d5tal tradition1 ) its my/icism & obscurity4 ,locke1 ,b]keley1 & ,hume1 ! mo/ lucid ( philosoph]s1 are sc>cely easi] to foll[ ?an ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ,huxley1 & ,leslie ,/eph54 ,b x is h>dly necess>y to ent] a caveat aga9/ suppos+ t lucidity ( expression is precisely proportional to cle>ness ( ?\ght4 ,! philosophy ( ,kant did n admit ( ! simple language ( ,hume1 & ,t4,h4 ,gre5 & ,mr4 ,bradley are n to be blam$ if !y are m difficult to und]/& ?an ,sir ,leslie ,/eph54 ,! second aspect ( ! "q is m important1 especially at a "t :5 we are con/antly rem9d$ t ! public is indiff]5t to ! f9e/ creative lit]ature n[ produc$4 ,! fault may be ) ! public1 & x may also be ) ! au?ors4 ,x is wor? rememb]+ t ?is is a "t :5 special =ms ( expression are be+ made to d "w :i* once belong$ to o!r =ms4 ,fiction1 = example1 is be+ made to c>ry ! load ( philosophic psy*ology1 ( poetry1 ( ! economic1 moral1 or political treatise4 ,drama is (t5 us$ z a vehicle = tru?s :i* 7 once left to ! pulpit1 ! political plat=m1 or ! lecture hall4 ,bo? ( !m1 9 ! case ( ! extreme reali/s1 are be+ us$ z ! /ore-room or ! dissect+ *amb] ( ! exp]im5tal sci5ti/4 ,suppos+ t an au?or's facts are supremely important1 8 disc]nm5t mo/ acute1 8 ideas significant1 /ill1 be=e we condemn ! public unhe>d1 we are compell$ to ask ( him3 ,h y giv5 to ?is mat]ial a =m :i* x w accept8 ,h y address$ ! public 9 a language :i* has a wide human appeal8 ,are y1 9 fact1 a ma/] ( t high] te*nique :i* implies an und]/&+1 n only ( ! f9e ess5ces ( tru?1 b ! broad1 common facts ( human nature8 ,x is j because !y are n ma/]s ( ?is high] te*nique t _m expon5ts ( s-call$ intellectual fiction & intellectual drama are doom$ to failure4 ,i am well aw>e t su* argum5ts z ?is mu/ be qualifi$4 ,= ,i h n =gott5 t :at are n[ ! commonplaces ( culture 7 once ! un9telligible obscurities ( a sage4 ,mu* t we n[ appreh5d at a glance1 all t makes our cultural bir?right1 0 only acquir$ by sl[ & ardu\s processes1 9 :i* ! pione]s 7 laugh$ to scorn4 ,! orig9al m9d sees ?+s 9 a new light1 & 8 language is to u /range & unfamili>1 & we d n le>n x till our eyes & e>s h become accu/om$4 ,& !re are o!rs :o d n /& conspicu\sly 9 ! ma9 /ream ( m5tal progress1 :o1 nev]!less1 remote & p]haps seclud$ z !y are1 h a vision r>efi$1 subtle1 /range n only 9 _! own times1 b = all times4 ,^? m5 h _! own communication to make to ^? anxi\s to add to ! f95ess ( _! p]ception1 or m]ely p]haps to ! oddness ( exp]i5ce4 ,if "s /+ ( tru? rea*es ! m9d ?r\gh writ+ obscure to ! g5]al1 ?r\gh language :i* may be b>b>\s 9 =m1 an au?or has ju/ifi$ himself2 & x w\ld be idle to foll[ ,mr4 ,br&] ,mat!ws 9 8 quotation f ! ev]-pleas+ ,"l ,*e/]field3 ,speak ! language ( ! company y are 92 speak x purely & unload$ ) any o!r4 ,=1 aft] all1 is x n op5 to ! au?or to *oose 8 company8 ,if 8 receptions are ill-att5d$1 t may n reflect ill on ^? :o accept ! invitation4 ,n ev]yone w read ! poems ( ,mr4 ,d\ghty2 ,mr4 ,d\ghty has made x h>d = !m2 b if !y d1 !y are repaid4 ,n ev]yone w tol]ate ! f9esse ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,james2 b among ^? :o c und]/& him1 assur$ly ,mr4 ,james is 9 v good company4 ,,vi ,,specialism ,,9 ,,philosophy ,,& ,,ju/ice ,9 ! play call$ ,ju/ice1 ,mr4 ,galswor?y attack$ ! pr(essional me*anism ( ,engli% law 9 mu* ! same way z ! late ,william ,james attack$ pr(essional philosophy4 ,^! two k9ds ( specialism1 or dep>tm5talism1 may !re=e conv5i5tly be treat$ toge!r2 = ,i may leave ,mr4 ,galswor?y & ,william ,james to conduct ! attack1 cont5t+ myself ) ! task ( l9k+ up _! =ces4 ,bo? ,pr(essor ,james & ,mr4 ,galswor?y appeal$ aga9/ ! ma*9e--! "o aga9/ ! ma*9e ( ?\ght :i* is divorc$ f common p]ception1 ! o!r aga9/ ! ma*9e ( ! law :i* has no contact ) ! ne$s ( p]sons4 ,we1 said ,william ,james1 mean+ ! ,pragmati/s1 or ! ,humani/s1 turn to ! great unp5t & un/ay$ wild]ness ( tru? z we feel x to be con/itut$1 ) z good a consci5ce z rationali/s are mov$ by :5 !y turn f our wild]ness into _! neat] & clean] intellectual abodes4 ,9 ,ju/ice ! "y advocate :o appe>s = ! def5ce is n s mu* plead+ = ! cli5t "u ! law1 z arraign+ ! pres5t legal sy/em1 sett+ up a new conception ( law bas$ ^u common s5se1 human insight1 & a morality f9] ?an legalism4 ,g5tlem51 he says1 m5 l ! def5dant are de/roy$ daily "u our laws = want ( t human insight :i* sees !m z !y are1 pati5ts1 & n crim9als4444 ,ju/ice is a ma*9e t1 :5 someone has once giv5 x ! />t+ pu%1 rolls on ( itself4 ,is ?is "y man to be gr\nd to pieces "u ?is ma*9e = an act :i* at ! wor/ 0 "o ( weakness8 ,?is attempt to get back to some?+ t satisfies ! human m9d1 ! human idea ( good1 is to be se5 equally 9 ^! two ?9k]s :o belong to diff]5t c\ntries & diff]5t traditions4 ,! ^w satisfactory cont9ually occurs 9 ,pr(essor ,james' writ+s4 ,humanism1 he says1 conceiv+ ! m 'true' z ! m 'satisfactory1' has s9c]ely to r5\nce rectil9e> argum5ts & anci5t ideals ( rig\r & f9ality4 ,he wi%es to break ) t view ( philosophy :i* says ! anatomy ( ! _w is logical1 & its logic is t ( a univ]sity pr(essor4 ,he is "o ( ^? :o1 hav+ be5 a lifelong /ud5t ( philosophy & psy*ology1 has ! en]gy to "k t1 h[ev] !oretically p]fect may be ! logical sy/em evolv$ by ?\ght1 t sy/em w n be suffici5t to prev5t a man f say+1 ,aft] all1 am ,i sure ( x8 ,! only ?+s ( :i* we are sure are ^? ?+s :i* we directly exp]i5ce4 ,we "k ! appe>ance ( a tree1 because we see x2 we "k ! emotion ( pity or love1 because we h felt x2 we "k t :at we call tig]s exi/ 9 ,india1 because acqua9tances h se5 !m1 & direct exp]i5ce has taught u t _! evid5ce is satisfactory1 & if we w5t to ,india _! te/imony c\ld be f\nd true by ! evid5ce ( our own s5ses4 ,:at becomes our w>rant = call+ any?+ reality8 ,! only reply is--! fai? ( ! pres5t critic or inquir]4 ,at e mom5t ( 8 life he f9ds himself subject to a belief 9 "s realities1 ev5 ?\gh 8 realities ( ?is ye> %\ld prove to be 8 illusions ( ! next4 ,! mo/ we c claim is1 t :at we say ab\t cognition may be c\nt$ z true z :at we say ab\t any?+ else4 ,no?+ is true = him unless x has ref]5ce to ! _w :i* we "k1 :i* we accept on fai?1 by ! practical evid5ce ( our s5ses1 or1 x might be add$1 our desires1 our aspirations1 our intuitions4 ,no?+ is rul$ out s long z x c be p9n$ d[n at any mom5t to :at is real1 to :at is individual4 ,demon/ration 9 ! la/ resort is to ! s5ses4 ,contemn$ ?\gh !y may be by "s ?9k]s1 ^! s5sations are ! "m-e>?1 ! an*orage1 ! /able rock1 ! fir/ & la/ limits1 ! t]m9us a quo & ! t]m9us ad quem ( ! m9d4 ,to f9d su* s5sational t]m9i %\ld be our aim ) all high] ?\ght4 ,!y end discussion1 !y de/roy ! false conceit ( k1 & )\t !m we are all at sea ) ea* o!r's mean+4 ,if two m5 act alike on a p]cept1 !y believe !mselves to feel alike ab\t x2 if n1 !y may suspect !y "k x 9 diff]+ ways4 ,we c nev] be sure we und]/& ea* o!r till we are able to br+ ! matt] to ?is te/4 ,?is is :y metaphysical discussions are s mu* l fight+ ) ! air2 !y h no practical issue ( a s5sational k9d4 ,tru?1 !n1 = ! ,pragmati/s is t :i* has practical consequ5ces4 ,a belief is held to be true :5 x is f\nd to "w4 ,transc5d5t ideas h no validity except z ideas unless !y are f\nd to h a ca% value 9 practical life1 t is to say1 unless !y ref] to1 & are op]ative 91 ! _w ( imm$iate exp]i5ce4 ,reality is an accumulation ( our own intellectual inv5tions1 & ! /ruggle = 'tru?' 9 our progressive deal+s ) x is always a /ruggle to "w 9 new n\ns & adjectives :ile alt]+ z little z possible ! old4 ,y may talk ( ,absolutes z mu* z y l1 y may contemplate ! fundam5tal categories ( ! m9d1 y may dwell ^u ! a priori conceptions to :i* all our exp]i5ces mu/ con=m1 b ! fact rema9s1 says ,pr(essor ,james1 turn+ 8 back on all transc5d5tal idealism1 ! concrete tru? = u w always be t way ( ?9k+ 9 :i* our v>i\s exp]i5ces mo/ pr(itably comb9e4 ,! true is ! opposite ( :atev] is in/able1 ( :atev] is practically disappo9t+1 ( :atev] is useless1 ( :atev] is ly+ & unreliable1 ( :atev] is unv]ifiable & unsupport$1 ( :atev] is inconsi/5t & contradictory1 ( :atev] is artificial & ecc5tric1 ( :atev] is unreal 9 ! s5se ( be+ ( no practical acc\nt4 ,"h are pragmatic reasons ) a v5geance :y we %\ld turn to tru?--tru? saves u f a _w ( t complexion4 ,:at wond] t its v "n awak5s loyal feel+6 ,9 p>ticul> :at wond] t all little provisional fools' p>adises ( belief %\ld appe> contemptible 9 comp>ison ) its b>e pursuit6 ,:5 ,absoluti/s reject humanism because !y feel x to be untrue1 t means t ! :ole habit ( _! m5tal ne$s is w$d$ already to a diff]5t view ( reality1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! humani/ic _w seems b ! :im ( a few irresponsible y\?s4 ,_! own subjective app]ceiv+ mass is :at speaks "h 9 ! "n ( ! et]nal natures & bids !m reject our humanism--z !y appreh5d x4 ,j s ) u humani/s1 :5 we condemn all noble1 clean-cut1 fix$1 et]nal1 rational1 temple-l sy/ems ( philosophy4 ,i am n "h seek+ to exam9e closely1 /ill less to criticise1 ,pr(essor ,james' pragmatic doctr9es4 ,:at ,i am conc]n$ to %[ is t we h 9 him a tra9$ philosoph] adopt+ t[>ds ! !ory ( k a po9t ( view /rangely simil> to t :i* ,mr4 ,galswor?y takes up t[>ds ! social e?ics ( mod]n ,engl&4 ,is x n ,mr4 ,galswor?y's function to condemn all noble1 clean-cut1 fix$1 et]nal1 rational1 temple-l sy/ems ( morality & etiquette8 ,pr(essor ,james' rationali/ antagoni/s are exactly l ! adm9i/rators ( law & ord] criticis$ by ,swe$le 9 ! play3 ,!y've =got :at human nature's l4 ,j z y\r ,hegelian wi%es = no?+ b ! p]fection ( k1 & leaves y 9 an inconceivable1 unkn[able ,absolute1 s1 accord+ to ,fald]1 :o has be5 9 prison1 ,nobody wi%es y any h>m1 b !y d[n y all ! same4 ,9 precisely ! same way z ,pr(essor ,james pleads = a view ( tru? :i* re/s on ! unfail+ vividness ( f9ite exp]i5ce1 s ,mr4 ,galswor?y pleads = a ju/ice :i* %all be applicable1 n to an inf9ite numb] ( imag9>y cases1 b to ! individual1 to ! p]son :om we might *ance to "k1 & meet1 & "w )--to ! necessit\s human be+4 ,he pleads = a law :i* %all be ela/ic1 n rigid2 deal+ ) m51 n cases2 = :i* m]cy %all come to be a "p ( ! idea ( ju/ice4 ,t :i* is good en\gh = human be+s 9 _! deal+s "o ) ano!r ought n to be too good = ! law4 ,int]c\rse ) concrete reality is ,pr(essor ,james' requirem5t = ! tru? ( an idea2 int]c\rse ) human be+s is ,mr4 ,galswor?y's requirem5t z ! basis ( social morality & ( law4 ,t does n ( c\rse mean t ! legislator mu/ be acqua9t$ ) all ^? = :om he legislates any m ?an t we c directly exp]i5ce ! facts ( hi/ory :i* we claim to "k4 ,b e rule--9 k1 9 morality1 9 law--mu/ be ref]able to ?is te/ ( int]c\rse4 ,let y\r judgm5t ( human be+s be su* z y w\ld aw>d to ^? :o are suffici5tly human to be among y\r fri5ds4 ,let x be direct$ solely t[>ds ! well-be+ ( ! individual s f> z t is consi/5t ) ! well-be+ ( society4 ,aga9 & aga9 ,mr4 ,galswor?y has %[n u h[ /]eotyp$ views1 ab/ractions ( ! human m9d1 settle d[n ^u classes & individuals & w>p _! judgm5ts & _! conduct4 ,9 ,frat]nity he %[$ h[ ! idea ( class diff]5ces becomes an obsession 9 ! human m9d1 oblit]at+ ! tru] idea ( human community1 ( ^? common qualities 9 "* :i* are n sk9-deep1 l class1 b fundam5tal4 ,9 ,/rife he %[$ h[ ! idea ( ! rights ( an employ]1 ( ! rights ( a workman1 is an ab/raction hid+ f ma/] & workman ! human bond :i* human int]c\rse w\ld h reveal$4 ,9 ,ju/ice1 aga91 he %[$ h[ t l[e/ ( all exi/+ codes1 ! legal code1 erects a temple-l ab/raction ( ! law to :i* all individuals1 h[ev] diff]5t !y may be1 h[ev] v>i\s _! requirem5ts1 are made to con=m4 ,we may notice t 9 ! cases bo? ( ! philosoph] & ! dramati/ !re is a return to :at ,i may call a rudim5t>y common s5se4 ,pr(essor ,james' views come z a reaction 9 ! c\rse ( ! long evolution ( ideas4 ,if on ! "o side we _h n _h ?9k] aft] ?9k] :o emphasis$ ! necessity ( approa*+ reality z a relation ( ! consci\s m9d1 & on ! o!r side sceptics :o ass]t$ t !re is no?+ kn[able b ! cont9uum ( disconnect$ s5sations :i* pres5t !mselves--a bl9d array ( atoms--!re w\ld be no mean+ 9 a !sis l t ( ,pr(essor ,james1 :i* refutes ! follies ( ! two extremes1 & /&s ^u a gr\nd :i* is v ne>ly a d5ial ( ! possibility ( philosophy4 ,9 l mann] ,mr4 ,galswor?y's e?ics are only valuable z a *a9 9 ! progress ( morality & in/itutions4 ,primitive society conceiv$ puni%m5t z an antidote to ! horrors ( un*eck$ viol5ce4 ,m$ival law devis$ fe>ful p5alties = ! =g]1 because =g]y 0 a fe>ful m5ace to ! /ability ( a comm]ce n yet back$ by a high comm]cial morality4 ,b n[ we h rea*$ ! "t :5 we are m5ac$ by ! ma*9]y set up by our ance/ors4 ,! law works ) a viol5ce & a brutality :i* 7 inv5t$ 91 & prop] to1 an age ( viol5ce & brutality2 & we are confront$ ) ! daily spectacle ( judges compell$ to adm9i/] an antiquat$ & f]oci\s law1 :i* aw>ds to ! crim9al ! d\ble p5alty ( *a/isem5t & %ame4 ,! old b>b>ism cl+s to ! ma*9e & works havoc4 ,& because x is old1 & because we are accu/om$ to x1 we tol]ate x4 ,we d n put x to ! te/1 :i* mu/ be a p]sonal te/3 ,h[ does x "w 9 ! case ( ?is individual & ( t8 ,is ! application ( ^! rules satisfactory :5 !y are made to op]ate on ! human be+s = :om !y 7 devis$8 ,has ?is code any social ca% value :5 x is br\ght to be> on ! lawy]'s cl]k :o =g$ a *eque to save a woman8 ,i h n consid]$ ,pr(essor ,james' m]its z a dialectician1 or ,mr4 ,galswor?y's z a dramati/4 ,i h attempt$ to h9t at t quality 9 !m :i* is call$ humanism1 humanism 9 ?\ght1 humanism 9 e?ics--! quality :i* makes m5 seek to judge ideas1 in/itutions & ?+s by :at !y are wor? to human be+s = _! mo/ press+1 _! mo/ vital ne$s4 ,x is evid5t t ?is same humanism is beg9n+ to manife/ itself 9 politics1 religion & ev5 lit]>y criticism4 ,cle>ly x t5ds at all times to set up individual conviction aga9/ au?ority1 fre$om aga9/ discipl9e4 ,x has z its virtue ! quality ( be+ oppos$ to r$ tape1 pr(essionalism1 dep>tm5talism p$antry1 (fici\sness1 intol]ance1 le?>gy1 & ! tyranny ( cu/om2 x has its dang]s 9 t1 re/+ z x does 9 ! la/ resort on ! p]sonal & ! concrete1 x t5ds 9 ill-balanc$ m9ds to neglect ! value ( anci5t & de> illusions1 & to deg5]ate into *aos & caprice4 ,*aos1 h[ev]1 is n s mu* to be fe>$ z ^? little provisional fools' p>adises ( belief expos$ s brilliantly by ,william ,james4 ,,"p ,,?ree ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,m5 ,i ,,b]n>d ,,%aw ,x is d\btful if any p]son 9 ,engl& ex]cises s _m-sid$ & s consid]able an influ5ce z t ( ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw4 ,x is n t 8 books are read by v _m ?\s&s ( read]s2 t 8 plays h long runs or c compete 9 popul>ity ) ^? ( ,mr4 ,b>rie or ! ,gaiety ,!atre2 t 8 lectures & spee*es are report$ s fully z ^? ( an ord9>y ,cab9et ,m9i/]2 t 8 lett]s to ! newspap]s are z num]\s z ^? ( ,mr4 ,alg]non ,a%ton or ,dr4 ,clif=d 9 8 prime4 ,he seldom demon/rates 8 p[] by pass+ ,acts ( ,p>liam5t or organis+ g>d5 p>ties4 ,he figures less (t5 9 ! ,social & ,p]sonal columns ?an ,sir ,h4 ,be]bohm ,tree4 ,he is n s well kn[n 9 ! law c\rts z ,mr4 ,horatio ,bottomley4 ,yet !re is no o!r man 9 ,engl& :o is s conspicu\s 9 s _m sph]es ( activity1 & :]ev] he appe>s he is always facile pr9ceps 9 ! public eye4 ,ev]yone :o has any k ( him is compell$ to ?9k ab\t him1 & ^? :o h no direct k ( him--s insidi\s is 8 influ5ce--are to be f\nd con/antly ?9k+ 9 t]ms ( ,b]n>d ,%aw4 ,! active1 talk+1 p]suad+1 book-writ+1 lectur+1 propag&i/ population ( ,engl& has be5 bitt5 by him2 x re-writes & popul>ises him2 x ev5 talks 8 j>gon :5 x is criticis+ him4 ,x began by reg>d+ him z a brilliant & witty writ] :om no "o c\ld take s]i\sly2 x n[ reg>ds him z a s]i\s1 & inde$ responsible1 ?9k] ^: wit is a matt] ( h>mless inspiration1 & (t5 a tactical advantage4 ,mr4 ,%aw1 9 fact1 has ?ru/ himself ^u ,engli% public life4 ,:]ev] any?+ is do+ or be+ talk$ ab\t he is 9 ! ?ick ( x4 ,:5ev] he rises to speak1 he is supreme4 ,he sweeps away all ! false issues 9 a few s5t5ces2 he attacks ! v he>t ( ! problem "u discussion1 & makes ! mo/ practical proposals4 ,he c cov] a ho/ile argum5t ) ridicule1 & drive x out ( ! field ) good-temp]$ laught]4 ,b 8 me?od is n only t ( raill]y4 ,he is remorselessly logical4 ,he c pursue ! logical sequ5ce ( 8 case1 & set x =? ) a fusillade ( p]fectly relevant & illum9at+ in/ances & analogies4 ,he nev] loses 8 ?read l ,mr4 ,*e/]ton2 he nev] w&]s (f into vague rhetoric l ,mr4 ,wells4 ,he *ases 8 enemies & 8 subject until he has subdu$ ! fir/ & set =? ! second s t x %9es ) cry/al cle>ness4 ,!re is no man 9 ,engl& :o c /ate a case1 on ! plat=m or 9 ! ,press1 ) su* p]fect lucidity1 su* logical ord]1 ) su* brightness & lightness1 or ) su* =ce z ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw4 ,he is ! greate/ debat] 9 ,engl&1 ! greate/ pamphlete]1 ! mo/ obs]vable p]sonality 9 public life4 ,t is n all4 ,z an organis] !re is no "o :o has m driv+ p[]4 ,he c set himself to committee "w1 & keep e memb] ( a committee active1 himself includ$4 ,he c1 :5 necess>y1 pe/] responsible p]sons till !y are goad$ into action4 ,:il/ 8 att5tion is always fix$ on ! c5tral object1 he has an eye = ! mo/ trifl+ details4 ,he is a fir/-rate bus9ess man4 ,he kn[s z mu* ab\t ! trade ( publi%+ z any publi%]4 ,he refuses to employ a lit]>y ag5t1 & p]sonally transacts ! bus9ess ( plac+ 8 "w--& sometimes t ( 8 fri5ds--9 ! lit]>y & dramatic m>ket all ov] ! _w4 ,also he is a man p]sonally b5evol5t4 ,no "o 0 ev] less s5tim5tal or romantic1 b he is *>itably dispos$ to ev]yone :om he does n reg>d z a fool4 ,if we exam9e ! records ( ,mr4 ,%aw's life we %all see t x has be5 sp5t some:]e mid-way betwe5 ! lives ( ! man-(-action & ! man-(-lett]s4 ,he has be5 prim>ily & ess5tially a critic ( ! curr5t ideas ab\t exi/+ facts1 ! ideas :i* are pre-suppos$ 9 ! typical & habitual activities ( our mod]n _w4 ,he has be51 almo/ inv>iably1 a de/ructive critic--a critic ( t r>e k9d :i* is able to w9 att5tion because he himself is s active 9 ?is ,v&al "w ( 81 because he c make 8 critical attack 9 s _m diff]5t ways1 because !re seem to be a great] vital =ce & _s 9 8 pull+ d[n ( gods ?an ev] exi/$ 9 ! gods !mselves4 ,socrates1 "o w\ld suppose1 0 n m insi/5t & unexpect$ 9 8 gadfly attacks ^u ! ,a!nian sophi/s ?an is ,mr4 ,%aw 9 8 raids ^u ! ,ph>isees ( sophi/icat$ ,london4 ,8 biography1 :5 x is writt51 w be a v fasc9at+ & a v l>ge book1 & ,mr4 ,%aw himself ?9ks t x w be id5tical ) ! hi/ory ( 8 "t4 ,!re is already 9 exi/5ce a book :i* claims to be an au?oris$ ,critical ,biography2 &1 ne$less to say1 x 0 writt5 by an ,am]ican--,dr4 ,ar*ibald ,h5d]son--:o /epp$ 9 ) sup]b confid5ce & compell$ ,mr4 ,%aw to criticise1 ov]haul1 & contribute to 8 d>+ ent]prise4 ,y c =ce my h& to "s ext5t1 said ,mr4 ,%aw1 = any /ory t y />t w pursue me to all et]nity4 ,?is valiant ,am]ican describes ) gu/o ! active1 talk+1 debat+1 propagat+1 prote/+ life t ,mr4 ,%aw has liv$4 ,x has n be5 a dome/ic life2 n ev5 a specially lit]>y life4 ,we feel x has be5 a life 9 :i* !re has be5 little privacy or intimacy1 t x has seldom be5 :olly %ut (f f ! m>ket-place & ! !atre2 t if he is a man entirely de/itute ( company mann]s1 ?is is because he has liv$ always 9 company4 ,he 01 ( c\rse1 born 9 ,irel&1 n v f> f ,dubl94 ,8 p>5ts 7 ,prote/ants belong+ to t middle class :i* is hamp]$ by social pret5sions & insuffici5t worldly means4 ,he 0 taught at ,prote/ant s*ools1 :]e he 0 expect$ to believe t ,roman ,ca?olics are socially inf]ior p]sons1 :o w g to hell :5 !y die1 & leave ,heav5 9 ! exclusive possession ( ladies & g5tlem54 ,at ! age ( fifte5 he w5t into a l& (fice & help$ to collect r5ts1 )\t realis+1 x is to be presum$1 t he 0 contribut+ to an iniquit\s sy/em4 ,he /udi$ pictures 9 ! ,iri% ,national ,gall]y1 became int]e/$ 9 music ?r\gh 8 "m & h] fri5ds1 & made 8 fir/ appe>ance 9 pr9t :5 mov$ to prote/ aga9/ ! evangeli/ic s]vices ( ,sankey & ,moody4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty he turn$ 8 back ^u ,irel&1 & />t$ a lit]>y c>e] 9 ,london4 ,9 ! fir/ n9e ye>s ( consi/5t lit]>y drudg]y he succe$$ 9 e>n+ six p\nds4 ,to put x frankly1 ,mr4 ,%aw 0 n born to succe$ z a m]e man ( lett]s1 & assur$ly n z a writ] ( romances4 ,8 own /atem5t t he exhau/$ romanticism be=e he 0 t5 ye>s old is hi/orically inaccurate4 ,he />t$ a lit]>y c>e] e>ly1 b at tw5ty-n9e he 0 /ill a romantic "y man :o _h writt5 reams ( romantic lit]ature1 & _h signally fail$4 ,he 0 "r to ab&on romance2 x _h nev] inspir$ him1 & x 0 entirely natural & human t he %\ld ev] aft] dis[n & abuse ?is trea*]\s mi/ress4 ,x is *>act]i/ic t :at really did inspire him & set him mov+ ^u ! c\rse ev] aft] to be 8 own 0 an ev5t unconnect$ ) ^? p]sonal1 intimate issues ( exp]i5ce :i* usually fe$ ! flame ( imag9ative art4 ,x 0 a debat+ spee* by ,h5ry ,george :i* ar\s$ ! re=m+ ard\r !nce=w>d ess5tial & *>act]i/ic 9 ,mr4 ,%aw1 a spee* :i* s5t him to ,k>l ,m>x1 & made him a man ) "s bus9ess 9 ! _w4 ,h5ry ,george s5t him to ,k>l ,m>x1 & ,k>l ,m>x s5t him to t gr\p ( clev] p among :om 7 ,graham ,wallas1 ,hub]t ,bl&1 ,sidney ,olivi]1 &--( ma9 importance--,sidney ,webb4 ,q ! clev]e/ ?+ ,i ev] did 9 my life1 ,mr4 ,%aw is report$ to h said to 8 ,am]ican int]view]1 0 to =ce my fri5d%ip on ,webb1 to extort 81 & keep x4 ,mr4 ,sidney ,webb 0 !n1 z n[1 ! con/ructive encyclopdi/1 ! man :o1 :]ev] he w5t1 knew m ?an anybody pres5t4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] is t ,webb & ,i are v useful to ea* o!r4 ,we are 9 p]fect contra/1 ea* supply+ ! defici5cy 9 ! o!r4444 ,z ,i am an incorrigible m\ntebank1 & ,webb is "o ( ! simple/ ( g5iuses1 ,i h always be5 9 ! c5tre ( ! /age1 :il/ ,webb has be5 prompt+ me1 invisible1 f ! side4 ,x 0 ?is s+ul> union m ?an any?+ else :i* gave direction & motive =ce to ! propag&a c>ri$ on by ! ,fabian ,society = a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 :il/ to ,mr4 ,%aw p]sonally x gave ! consi/5cy ( ?\ght & def9it5ess ( aim :i* und]lie all 8 lat] "w4 ,we _c1 ( c\rse1 neglect ! intellectual influ5ce ( ,ibs5 & ,nietzs*e1 ,wagn] & ,samuel ,butl]1 ! individuali/s & ari/ocrats :o correct$ ! mob-s5tim5t ( old-fa%ion$ socialism2 b ^! & simil> influ5ces matur$ 9 him ?r\gh 8 ,fabianism4 ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ( ! ,fabian ,society1 ceas$ to be a private citiz54 ,he became a man ( affairs1 de/9$1 !nce=w>d1 to live 9 ! publicity ( debat+-halls1 among ^? ideas :i* re=m]s & politicians h actually socialis$1 remov+ !m f ! privacy ( human exp]i5ce & turn+ !m into public prop]ty--l p>ks1 op5 spaces1 & wa%-h\ses4 ,i d n mean t he treat$ ?is public prop]ty z o!r1 & m conv5tionally-m9d$1 m5 habitually treat x4 ,mr4 ,%aw walks d[n ! ,/r& z if x 7 8 private bridle-pa?4 ,he walks across an ,insurance ,bill or a ,national ,!atre s*eme or a policy = giv+ self-gov]nm5t to ,engli%m5 z a man :o might be tread+ ! we$s 9 8 own g>d54 ,b ! intellectual /age-prop]ties 7 all prep>$ = him & pres5t$ ready-made 9 ^? times :5 he w5t night aft] night to lecture 9 ! city & suburbs ( ,london4 ,he _h1 inde$1 ! social cosmopolitanism :i* made him dissociate himself f small lit]>y cot]ies & ga9 a practical k ( publicly-m9d$ m54 ,b "o _c fail to see t 8 long exp]i5ce ( lectur+1 debat+1 sett+ up argum5ts1 & p>ry+ v]bal attacks--:i* made him ! be/ debat] 9 ,engl&1 & turn$ him1 z ,dr4 ,h5d]son has sugge/$1 f a doctr9aire into a practical opportuni/--s]v$ n only to end[ him ) 8 consi/5cy z a ?9k] & 8 excell5ce 9 exp\nd+ ideas1 b also confirm$ him 9 8 defects z a humani/4 ,8 cont9ual int]c\rse ) ! innum]able fix$ ideas ( societies & committees1 8 debat]'s habit ( attack+ :atev] fix$ idea he enc\nt]s1 h _h ! effect ( organis+ 8 own m9d along ! l9es ( su* fix$ ideas1 !ses1 positions & oppositions z c\ld be def5d$ or c\nt]$ by 8 b\ndless res\rce 9 argum5t1 wit1 & raill]y2 & x foll[$ t 8 int]pretation ( life 0 likely to resolve itself into ! debat]'s g5]alisations1 ! p>tialities & half-tru?s :i* ignore :at is individual1 p]sonal1 intimate1 & f9e/--= ! f9e/ ?+s 9 life are ^? :i* _c be g5]alis$1 :i* are individual & unique1 :i* admit ( be+ /at$ b n argu$4 ,x foll[s also t 8 /r5g? is 9 attack & 9 de/ructive criticism4 ,! only important positive ideas = :i* he /&s are ! ,sup]manni% idea ( ! duty ( e man to be himself to ! utmo/1 & a g5]\s democratic idea ( fre$om1 9 accordance ) :i* e self-respect+ man & woman %\ld be giv5 ! opportunity to "w out 8 or h] own de/9y fully1 unhamp]$ by ! tyrannies ( ca/e1 pre/ige1 s5tim5tal traditions1 false codes1 & effete moral obligations4 ,b ^! ideas are ( v consid]able magnitude4 ,!y are capable ( almo/ inf9ite ext5sion & application to life4 ,& x %\ld be obs]v$ t1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,%aw ?9ks ma9ly ab\t obvi\s public que/ions--politics1 ! pr(essions1 ! in/itution ( m>riage1 patriotism1 public oratory1 public heal?1 etc41 he has no?+ 9 common ) ! unimag9ative public man :o m]ely criticises proposals & policies4 ,he is always int]e/$ 9 ! /ate ( m9d :i* produces proposals & policies4 ,:5 he pleads = ! abolition ( ! ,dramatic ,c5sor%ip be=e a ,royal ,commission1 he gives u n only ! mo/ effective practical exposure ( ! ,c5sor%ip t has ev] be5 writt51 b also a f>-rea*+ philosophical analysis ( lib]ty z fre$om to express & propagate ideas4 ,my reputation has be5 ga9$ by my p]si/5t /ruggle to =ce ! public to reconsid] its morals1 he says 9 ! ,reject$ ,/atem5t1 ! pres5tation ( :i* to ! ,royal ,commission af=ds "o ( ^? delightful true /ories t only a ,%aw c make s damag+4 ,i write plays ) ! delib]ate object ( conv]t+ ! nation to my op9ion 9 ^! matt]s4 ,t he has to a l>ge ext5t already conv]t$ ! intellectuals--:e!r by 8 plays or by o!r means--is beyond "q4 ,_m ( ! mo/ p[]ful writ]s ( ! la/ t5 ye>s h conc5trat$ _! ef=ts on expos+ ! tyranny ( ! e/abli%$ idea & ! e/abli%$ moral code4 ,su* div]se writ]s z ,mr4 ,wells1 ,mr4 ,galswor?y1 ,mr4 ,granville ,b>k]1 ,mr4 ,cunn+hame-,graham1 ,mr4 ,belloc1 & ,mr4 ,*e/]ton h writt5 books ! motives ( :i* h be5 satire1 div9e ang]1 sva indignatio1 direct$ aga9/ ! e/abli%$ moral codes or intellectual habits ( ! "t4 ,mr4 ,%aw1 :o orig9ally foll[$ ! obscure ,samuel ,butl]1 %[$ ! way = ! o!rs4 ,8 me?od 01 & is1 to comb9e argum5t ) ! m tell+ weapon ( ridicule4 ,9 8 ,preface to ,blanco ,posnet he exposes & ridicules ! ,dramatic ,c5sor%ip1 j z 9 ,gett+ ,m>ri$ he exposes & ridicules ! popul> conception ( happy dome/ic life1 & 9 l mann] 9 ,! ,doctor's ,dilemma ! sup]/ition t ! faculty ( m$ic9e is infallible4 ,! picture ( conc]t$ pr(essional fraud giv5 u 9 ,! ,doctor's ,dilemma is n too exagg]at$ = ! purposes ( a debat+ argum5t2 b 9 8 long essay on ! subject he gives a f> m reasonable /atem5t ( ! case4 ,he does n treat ! doctor z a murd]]1 or a pickpocket1 or a human vulture1 or ev5 a cold-blood$ cynic2 he expla9s :at is likely to happ5 to ! ord9>y1 mod]ately dec5t1 normal man1 )\t any special moral or intellectual equipm5t1 :o becomes a doctor4 ,z to ! hon\r & consci5ce ( doctors1 !y h z mu* z any o!r class ( m51 no m & no less4 ,& :at o!r m51 he adds *>act]i/ically1 d>e pret5d to be imp>tial :]e !y h a /rong pecuni>y int]e/ on "o side8 ,he analyses ! psy*ology ( ! practition] & ! speciali/4 ,he %[s h[ mu* guesswork !re mu/ be :]e ev5 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ diff]2 9 :at mann] we are all h&$ ov]1 b\nd1 to ! t5d] m]cies ( ! m5 :o are (t5 poor1 ov]work$1 unsci5tific1 &1 if !y are speciali/s1 prejudic$ by exclusive /udy ( "o disease4 ,:at he says ab\t ! surgeon & ! speciali/ is ne>] to ! tru? ?an :at he says ab\t ! g5]al practition]4 ,long exp]i5ce ( all sorts ( illnesses is m valuable = ! cur+ ( simple diseases ?an mu* s-call$ sci5tific k2 &1 z x happ5s1 ! life ( ! g5]al practition] :o comes into sympa!tic contact ) s _m m5 & wom5 ( diff]5t types is "o :i* does promote c]ta9 heal?y cynicisms & human dec5cies s+ul>ly lack+ 9 ! speciali/ on ! "o side & ! r\t9e-driv5 hospital nurse on ! o!r4 ,b !re we h ! individual equation4 ,mr4 ,%aw is good at consid]+ g5]al cases2 he is nev]1 9 8 writ+1 mu* conc]n$ ab\t individuals4 ,! essay :i* prec$$ ,gett+ ,m>ri$ is /rong] 9 its attack ?an 9 its recon/ructive proposals2 & ! essay is bett] ?an ! play1 because ,mr4 ,%aw c pres5t argum5ts m effectively ?an p]sons1 & argum5ts are m suit$ to essays ?an to plays4 ,x is int]e/+ to f9d him confess+ t "y wom5 come to me & ask me :e!r !y ought to cons5t to m>ry ! man !y h decid$ to live )4 ,mr4 ,%aw1 ( c\rse1 urges !m on no acc\nt to compromise !mselves )\t ! security ( an au!ntic w$d+-r+4 ,he %\ld n h be5 surpris$4 ,he1 if anyone1 %\ld h kn[n t if y attack an exi/+ morality1 ! public w inevitably ?9k y are advocat+ ! correspond+ immorality z popul>ly und]/ood2 & "o suspects t ,mr4 ,%aw has1 f ?is natural misund]/&+1 m to answ] = ?an he himself dreams (4 ,:5 he calls himself an immorali/1 he means t he is ! true morali/2 t he is go+ to sub/itute = a decay$1 outworn1 conv5tional1 & /upid morality1 a morality bas$ ^u a rational human pr9ciple--a morality t w make society bett] & m tol]able4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> essay he asks u to get rid ( ! idea t ! family1 z at pres5t con/itut$1 is ! highe/ =m ( human co-p>tn]%ip4 ,! p :o talk & write z if ! highe/ atta9able /ate is t ( a family /ew+ 9 love cont9u\sly f ! cradle to ! grave c h>dly h giv5 five m9utes' s]i\s consid]ation to s outrage\s a proposition4 ,home life z we und]/& x is no m natural to u ?an a cage is natural to a cockatoo4 ,its grave dang] to ! nation lies 9 its n>r[ views1 its unnaturally su/a9$ & spitefully jeal\s concupisc5ces1 its petty tyrannies1 its false social pret5ces1 its endless grudges & squabbles1 its sacrifice ( ! boy's future by sett+ him to e>n money to help ! family :5 he %\ld be 9 tra9+ = 8 adult life 7rememb] ! boy ,dick5s & ! black+ factory71 & ( ! girl's *ances by mak+ h] a slave to sick or selfi% p>5ts1 its unnatural pack+ into little brick boxes ( little p>cels ( humanity ( ill-assort$ ages1 ) ! old scold+ or beat+ ! "y = behav+ l "y p1 & ! "y hat+ & ?w>t+ ! old = behav+ l old p1 & all ! o!r ills1 m5tionable & unm5tionable1 t arise f excessive segregation4 ,x sets ^! evils up z b5efits & bless+s repres5t+ ! highe/ atta9able degree ( hon\r & virtue1 :il/ any criticism ( or revolt aga9/ !m is savagely p]secut$ z ! extremity ( vice4 ,b :5 ,mr4 ,%aw beg9s to recon/ruct1 & ?9ks t ! :ole matt] c be solv$ by su* simple--& s f> z !y g1 excell5t--economic exp$i5ts z mak+ wom5 economically indep5d5t1 & legitimis+ *ildr51 he ceases to be p]suasive4 ,!re comes a po9t :5 brilliant clev]ness & %e] logic f necessity miss ! tru?4 ,x is precisely ! cut-&-dri$ ,fabian side ( ,mr4 ,%aw :i* bl9ds him to facts ( a c]ta9 sort--! fact1 = in/ance1 t = c]ta9 human ne$s no +5i\s1 or inv5t$1 rational rem$y is possible2 t 9 c]ta9 dep>tm5ts ( life :]e ! great in/9cts are conc]n$ ! accumulat$ consci\s & subconsci\s exp]i5ce ( ?\s&s ( ye>s ( mank9d h produc$ a k9d ( in/9ctive k :i* logic _c tamp] )2 :i* is b\nd up ) human nature & is ne> to a ?\s& subtle tru?s nev] yet br\ght )9 ! scope ( sci5tific k2 :i* x is dang]\s to attack by a brutal frontal assault1 z if ! issue 7 a s+le & simple debat+ issue2 :i* is defi$ only "u j su* p5alties z ,mr4 ,%aw himself alludes to4 ,x is already evid5t :y ,mr4 ,%aw is f> bett] z lectur]1 debat]1 pamphlete]1 & writ] ( critical essays ?an z writ] ( ei!r romances or plays4 ,he is prim>ily a social re=m]1 l ,h5ry ,george & ,k>l ,m>x1 ?\gh he br+s m wit1 clev]ness1 driv+ p[]1 & intellectual agility to be> ^u 8 subjects4 ,he is int]e/$ 9 public morality & affairs1 9 g5]alities r ?an individuals1 9 ideas ab\t life r ?an 9 life at fir/ h&4 ,he sees ?r\gh ! intellect r ?an ?r\gh ! p]ceptions4 ,he is conc]n$ to prove & to tea* r ?an to %[4 ,he has made v few *>act]s 9 8 plays1 = ! simple reason t he h&icaps 8 p]sons by treat+ !m z ideas r ?an z p]sons4 ,?is is to say1 t z an arti/ he is nev] dis9t]e/$2 he is m conc]n$ ) ! case :i* 8 puppets are set up to prove ?an ) a situation = its own sake4 ,9 ,cs> & ,cleopatra he did = once all[ a subject to exi/ = its own sake4 ,he _h no axe to gr9d1 prim>ily1 on behalf ( society & its morals4 ,x is n p]haps ! clev]e/ ( 8 plays1 b x is ! play :i* is mo/ a play2 & if x is n a great play1 t is because ,mr4 ,%aw is n a great dramati/--he has n all[$ himself to be a great imag9ative arti/--he turn$ 8 back ^u imag9ative art at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e4 ,9 ! clev]e/ ( 8 plays !re is1 inde$1 always "o real p]son1 & t p]son is none o!r ?an himself4 ,9 ,man & ,sup]man1 9 ,arms & ! ,man1 & 9 ,john ,bull's ,o!r ,isl&1 ! h]o is 9 ea* case no?+ m nor less ?an a new imp]sonation ( ,b]n>d ,%aw4 7,9 ,john ,bull's ,o!r ,isl& ,i take ,l>ry ,doyle z ! h]o47 ,! h]o is a man :o on e possible occasion ei!r gets up & argues ) extraord9>y flu5cy & good s5se z if he 7 a v brilliant "y man 9 a debate1 or else is =c$ into ! sort ( action :i* t brilliant debat] w\ld h advocat$4 ,broadb5t1 9 ,john ,bull's ,o!r ,isl&1 is n a p]son at all2 he is a brilliantly conceiv$ c>icature ( ,engli% /upidity2 he is a g5]al idea1 n an individual4 ,ev5 ,keegan1 :o has be5 extoll$ z a romantic & unusual figure among ! ,%avian dramatis p]son1 is a *orus r ?an a "*1 & ess5tially ,%avian 9 t 8 ideals are veget>ian1 & t 8 language is c\*$ 9 su* t]ms z-- ,h[ w y drag our acres f ! f]ret's grip ( ,mat!w ,haffigan8 ,h[ w y p]suade ,cornelius ,doyle to =ego ! pride ( be+ a small l&[n]8 ,h[ w ,b>ney ,doran's millrace agree ) y\r motor-boats8444 ,p]haps ,i _h bett] vote = an effici5t devil t kn[s 8 own m9d & 8 own bus9ess ?an = a fooli% patriot :o has no m9d & no bus9ess4 ,t is n ! way 9 :i* prie/s1 madm51 or ideali/s talk 9 ,irel&4 ,x is ! way !y talk at ! ,fabian ,society4 ,! pres5t writ] is fully aw>e ( ! great "w :i* ,mr4 ,%aw has done4 ,he yields to no "o 9 8 admiration = ! /r5g? ( "* & ! spirit$ eag]ness :i* h made him s effective 9 8 onslaught ^u p]nici\s illusions1 9 mak+ p look beyond ! =mula & refuse to be bl9d$ by social taboos4 ,b x is j because 8 influ5ce is s great & 9 _m respects b5eficial t we ought to be on our gu>d aga9/ a man :o may n always mesm]ise u to our advantage4 ,& x is 9 ! matt] ( ! drama & ! f9e arts 9 g5]al t ,mr4 ,%aw is prov+ a dang]\s ,messiah4 ,he has done mu* to cleanse ! ,augean /ables ( ! ,engli% !atre4 ,he has discr$it$ ?\gh he has n de/roy$ ! artificial draw+-room play2 he has p\r$ ridicule ^u ! s-call$ well-made play :i* ,scribe1 ,s>d\1 & _! s*ool c\ld concoct = ! delight ( ,fr5*m52 he has expos$ ! insignificance ( ! accid5ts & cata/rophes1 & ! com+ d[n ( ! curta9 on a h]o sla9 or m>ri$4 ,he has compell$ s5sible p to look to ! !atre = some?+ m ?an s5tim5t1 romance1 +5uity2 = some?+ relevant to ! l>g] issues ( life4 ,t he has done2 & x is d\btful if any ,engli%-speak+ & ,engli%-writ+ man n[ alive1 except+ ,mr4 ,%aw1 c\ld h done x ) any ?or\ghness4 ,b hav+ fre$ u f ^! old tyrannies ( ! /age1 he has n re/$ !re4 ,he has impos$ new tyrannies ( 8 own :i* are sanction$ ei!r by 8 own extraord9>y influ5ce or by t sw+ ( ! ,"t-,_s ( :i* he is ! visible p5dulum4 ,he is v p]suasive1 & puts 8 case s well t he is able to bl9d u to false issues4 ,he /ates 8 case 9 ! ,preface :i* he wrote to ,?ree ,plays by ,brieux4 ,brieux is = him ! greate/ ,fr5* dramati/ s9ce ,molire2 & m important because :il/ ,molire 0 cont5t to indict human nature1 ,brieux devotes 8 en]gy to an indictm5t ( society4 ,8 fi/icuffs are n aim$ heav5w>d3 !y fall on human noses = ! good ( human s\ls4 ,:5 he sees human nature 9 conflict ) a political abuse he does n blame human nature1 kn[+ t su* blame is ! fav\rite trick ( ^? :o wi% to p]petuate ! abuse )\t be+ able to def5d x4 ,he does n ev5 blame ! abuse3 he exposes x1 & !n leaves human nature to tackle x ) its eyes op54444 ,y d n g away f a ,brieux play ) ! feel+ t ! affair is f9i%$ or ! problem solv$ = y by ! dramati/4444 ,y come away ) a v disquiet+ s5se t y are involv$ 9 ! affair1 & mu/ f9d ! way out ( x = y\rself & ev]ybody else if civilisation is to be tol]able to y\r s5se ( hon\r4 ,all ?is is unmi/akable4 ,mr4 ,%aw reg>ds ! !atre prim>ily & ess5tially z a sub/itute = ! pulpit1 z a conv5i5t lecture-hall = ! propag&a ( ,%avian socialism4 ,he takes x = grant$ t !re is to be a social problem2 t fi/icuffs are to be aim$ at somebody's nose z !y 7 9 ^? delightful games ( play 9 :i* he indulg$ z a "y & e>ne/ ,fabian2 t ! audi5ce is to come away tun$ up to social endeav\r j z p come away f ,revival meet+s tun$ up to ! tasks ( spiritual salvation4 ,?is is well en\gh4 ,^u two conditions1 ,i agree t !re w\ld be no objection to ,mr4 ,%aw or any o!r dramati/ us+ ! !atre z a means ( re=m+ m52 ^! conditions be+1 fir/ly1 t he is able to d x--:i* ,i d\bt2 & secondly1 t he %\ld n insi/ t ?is use ( ! !atre is ! only prop] & legitimate use4 ,mr4 ,%aw has n yet be5 able to use ! !atre 9 ?is way1 & /ill less1 ,brieux4 ,brieux's influ5ce 9 ,france is ma9ly due to ! fact t he is a brilliant & eloqu5t lectur]4 ,mr4 ,%aw's influ5ce 9 ,engl& is due to 8 essays1 spee*es1 conv]sations1 p]sonal vehem5ce1 & ubiquity4 ,p g to see 8 plays because !y are v witty2 !y und]/& !m & ?9k !y are conv9c$ by !m only :5 !y h read & dige/$ 8 f> m conv9c+ ,prefaces4 ,! reason :y x is impossible to be pr(\ndly int]e/$ 9 8 plays is because he is n pr(\ndly int]e/$ 9 !m himself4 ,he evid5tly wrote !m )\t be+ excit$ ab\t 8 p]sons1 _! exp]i5ces1 or ! emotions :i* ! situation drew f !m2 he 0 excit$ ab\t 8 case1 ab\t ! moral or social tru? :i* 8 puppets c\ld be made to illu/rate4 ,!re is mu* +5i\s arrangem5t1 mu* plausible argum5t1 & abundant wit4 ,:at really does delight u is ! (t5 irrelevant wit ( ! conv]sation1 & ?is because ,mr4 ,%aw himself delights 9 irrelevant wit2 x is only :5 he is writ+ wittily & irrelevantly t he is dis9t]e/$1 t he is do+ some?+ = its own sake1 t he is writ+ 9 ! only way 9 :i* an arti/ c write effectively4 ,b 9 s f> z he is aim+ at some?+ o!r ?an a significant pres5tation ( life--& he g5]ally is--he is attempt+ to indict society1 to %[ up abuses1 to expose political & social sores2 he is ceas+ to be int]e/$ 9 8 subject1 8 p]sons1 8 play2 he is =c+ human nature out ( itself2 he is di/ort+ x2 he is mak+ x unreal2 he is creat+ mon/]s--& no dramati/1 no arti/ ( any k9d1 c deal effectively ) mon/]s4 ,:5 he writes a play1 ,mr4 ,%aw attempts to d two completely diff]5t ?+s at "o & ! same "t--to pres5t life1 & to d$uce an arguable & preconceiv$ conclusion ab\t life4 ,if he has n completely fail$1 t is because he has n completely liv$ up to 8 !ories4 ,x is n ,mr4 ,%aw's fault t s _m ( ! clev]e/ y\ng] writ]s ( ! "t all[ !mselves to be l$ away by 8 example4 ,b t !y are s l$ away--n only 9 drama1 b 9 ! k9dr$ art ( fiction--is a fact s important t x requires /atem5t4 ,mr4 ,%aw is entitl$ to 8 own op9ion t :at we want z ! basis ( our plays & novels is n romance1 b a really sci5tific natural hi/ory2 he is q "r1 if he feels x to be 8 own p>ticul> function1 to sp5d 8 :ole =ce 9 indict+ society4 ,b h[ t]rible a loss 9 human int]e/ & vitality if all our creative arti/s are to occupy !mselves 9 ?is process ( indictm5t--indictm5t be+ at all times ! anti!sis ( fair criticism & pres5tm5t4 ,i w\ld v5ture to sugge/ t human life1 r\ghly speak+1 may be divid$ into two great p>ts1 "o ( :i* is completely taboo$ by ,mr4 ,%aw4 ,^! two p>ts or aspects ( life may be nam$ & envisag$ 9 a hundr$ diff]5t ways4 ,ari/otle call$ !m ! practical & ! !oretic4 ,! ,roman ,*ur* call$ !m ! temporal & ! spiritual4 ,! social philosoph]s call$ !m ! ,/ate & ! ,individual4 ,!y may be call$ ,sci5ce & ,art1 ,politics & ,poetry1 ,public & ,private1 ,social & ,p]sonal1 ,public ,"w 7,%aw7 & ,! ,w ( ,god1 ,philan?ropy & ,fri5d%ip1 ,ju/ice & ,m]cy1 ,humanit>ian & ,human4 ,ea* second t]m 9 ^! categories is cut clean out ( mod]n life by ,mr4 ,%aw4 ,:5 he says t ,ibs5 0 to ! la/ fasc9at+ & full ( a /range mov+ beauty1 he says x z if he 7 reproa*+ ,ibs54 ,8 :ole influ5ce is ?r[n on to ! side ( an au/]e common s5se :i* de/roys emotion because x may become fanaticism1 :i* laughs at s5tim5t because x may be p]v]t$ into nons5se1 :i* is z ,puritanically cruel to ! insidi\s bl&i%m5ts ( romance z ,plato 0 cruel to ! poets4 ,is x fanciful to imag9e t x is ) ! ,iri%man z ,i h always fanci$ x 0 ) ! ,greek philosoph]1 t by reason ( 8 own k ( ! dang]\s burn+ fev] ( poetry1 f 8 own susceptibility to its en*antm5ts1 he decid$ to cr[n ! poets ) g>l&s & bani% !m to ano!r city8 ,t1 inde$1 is an idle fancy4 ,mr4 ,%aw exi/s to prove t !re are ,iri%m5 :o d n suff] f ! intoxication ( beauty1 :o are n susceptible to ! w9dy ard\rs ( romance4 ,nev]!less ,mr4 ,%aw1 too1 has 8 romance4 ,he le>nt x 9 ! eag]1 fight+ days :5 he held up ! /&>d ( ,fabianism be=e ! bl9k+ eyes ( suburban audi5ces2 :5 he le>nt to dete/ ! silly ways ( silly p ^: sill9ess 0 feebly glorifi$ "u ! names ( morality1 religion1 s5tim5t1 & patriotism2 ^: qualities he soon f\nd himself expos+ 9 ! mann] habitual to ! tra9$ debat]4 ,b ?is 0 no ord9>y debat]4 ,!re 7 conviction1 s9c]ity1 & ev5 romantic--,god save ! ^w6--romantic zeal beh9d ?is fire ( argum5t1 laught]1 rep>tee4 ,life _h become = him1 z he said to ,dr4 ,h5d]son1 a sort ( spl5did tor*1 :i* ,i h got hold ( = ! mom5t4 ,x became 8 bus9ess to make x burn z brightly z possible be=e h&+ x on to future g5]ations4 ,,ii ,h4,g4 ,,wells ,mr4 ,%aw has said t 8 biography w be ! hi/ory ( 8 "t4 ,9 l mann] we might say ( ,mr4 ,wells t 8 life has repres5t$ ! ,engli% life ( 8 "t4 ,! =m] has t\*$ ?is ,engli% life at a ?\s& po9ts1 b he has t\*$ x f ! outside4 ,! latt] has be5 an integral "p ( x1 a "p :i* has sprung into consci\sness ( itself1 s t he has writt5 f )9 outw>ds4 ,inevitably 9 writ+ ab\t ! ,engl& ( 8 "t he has f\nd himself writ+ ab\t t ,engl& ( :i* he himself is symbolic4 ,mr4 ,%aw is amaz+ly clev] 9 g5]alis+ ab\t ,engl&1 9 r$uc+ ,engl& to =mul1 9 express+ ! ideas :i* h] life & society h /irr$ 9 8 logical m9d4 ,b ,mr4 ,wells has felt ?is national life )9 himself2 he has kn[n x by consci\s & subconsci\s exp]i5ce1 ?is exp]i5ce be+ ) him a k9d ( in/9ct develop+ into self-k1 & s into a m objective & philosophical p]ception4 ,y c tell f ,mr4 ,%aw's light1 debonair1 & laugh+ mann]1 j z y might guess f 8 r h>d & unemotional writ+1 t exp]i5ce ( liv+ has laid no heavy toll ^u 8 temp]am5t4 ,h[ diff]5t t n]v\s & slightly self-consci\s mann] ( ,mr4 ,wells1 t ext]ior g5iality :i* nev] :olly possesses ! man1 a cov]1 z x 71 to ^? inn] spr+s ( consci\sness to :i* he has evid5tly ref]r$ ! _w6 ,x 0 /range :5 ^! two m51 pres5t+ s m>k$ a contra/1 confront$ ea* o!r at ! ,fabian ,society--t association ( well-in=m$1 con/ructive1 slightly academic ,sociali/s to :i* bo? at ! "t belong$4 ,x 0 evid5t t ,b]n>d ,%aw1 support$ by ,sidney ,webb1 /&+ = a p]fectly cle>-cut policy & program1 %\ld w9 ! day aga9/ a man ^: appeal 0 ess5tially to some?+ n cle>-cut1 n def9$1 b to in/9ct & psy*ology4 ,i h be5 told t ,mr4 ,wells 0 nev] able to put =w>d a coh]5t program1 to /ate an intelligible case--b all t ,i "k = c]ta9 is t x 0 n intelligible to ! ,fabians4 ,x is probable en\gh t 8 program1 z a program1 0 defective1 = :il/ x is p]fectly easy to def9e a simple1 def9ite1 n widely inclusive policy ( action1 x is f> h>d] to def9e t side ( ! life ( a nation :i* belongs to temp]am5t & in/9ct4 ,?is 0 :at ,mr4 ,wells _h 9 m9d2 b ! social re=m]s to :om he address$ himself pref]r$ a def9ite s*eme t\*+ ! surface ( life to an indef9ite s*eme :i* aim$ at ! c5tre4 ,s ,mr4 ,wells ceas$ to be a ,fabian1 & became a ,tory-,sociali/4 ,i sugge/ t ,mr4 ,wells' life & activity may be tak5 z symbolical ( ! life ( 8 "t4 ,he has told 8 own /ory aga9 & aga9 9 8 novels2 x is 8 own /ory t he has be5 tell+ :5 he unfolds 8 ideas ab\t ! society 9 :i* we live4 ,he1 m ?an any o!r consid]able liv+ writ]1 seems to h be5 born to realise )9 ! microcosm ( 8 own exp]i5ce ! social evolution :i* mo/ ( u see 9 ! macrocosm ( ! nation--an evolution :i* has be5 obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,b5nett ) equal cle>ness1 b 9 a less p]sonal & subjective way1 ) m deta*m5t4 ,all ( u "k f ! /udy ( hi/ory 9 :at way ,engl& has *ang$ 9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s--h[ sci5tific ?\ght sudd5ly ga9$ a new importance :5 x 0 appli$ to indu/ry--h[ ! %ell ( feudalism surviv$ its vitality :5 ! great factory t[ns began to dom9ate ! c\ntry--h[ all ! classes 7 %uffl$ & left unsettl$--h[ ! cities spread out 9 disord]ly suburbs & slums1 )\t plan or direction--h[ m5 & wom5 became factory work]s & (fice work]s )\t kn[+ :y1 mo/ ( !m scantily educat$1 h\s$ z ! compet+ j]ry-build]s ?\ght fit1 & flung into ! mael/rom ( competitive lab\r4 ,all ?is we knew 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 b x 0 ,mr4 ,wells m ?an anyone else :o made u aw>e ( ?is national life by pres5t+ x 9 ! only possible effective way1 ! imag9ative way4 ,x may almo/ be said t he gave x to u z an impressioni/ic acc\nt ( 8 own life4 ,he _h liv$ 9 all ?is2 ! social sy/em1 or lack ( sy/em1 _h express$ itself 9 him2 & f9ally he became consci\s ( all ^? elem5ts ab\t him & 9 him :i* _h left _! deep impression4 ,mo/ ( u h _h an exp]i5ce 9 "s way simil>1 ?\gh n _m ( u h be5 s intimately acqua9t$ ) s _m classes1 s _m v>ieties ( p1 or h felt our exp]i5ces s acutely4 ,he 0 s+ul> 9 t he f\nd 8 way to an expression ( ^? effects :i* ! national life _h _h ^u him--t is to say1 ^u a man :o _h be5 br\ght up 9 a l[] middle-class family 9 ! ,victorian era1 :o _h wat*$ ! ,london suburbs creep+ outw>ds1 :o _h liv$ among %op-assi/ants1 :o _h /udi$ sci5ce 9 laboratories1 :o _h aspir$ to some?+ m fruitful = ! _s4 ,he did n become aw>e ( ^! significances all at once4 ,! fir/ eag] desire to express himself & create took ! =m ( ^? e>ly romantic /ories--,! ,invisible ,man1 ,! ,desc5t ( ! ,m>tians1 ,! ,"t ,ma*9e1 etc4--/ories 9 :i* 8 k ( sci5ce & ,jules ,v]ne 7 n yet alli$ to a philosophic en?usiasm = human be+s 9 society4 ,!n he began to be consci\s ( ! great problems ( society1 & g5]alis$ ab\t !m 9 8 romantic1 +5i\s1 philosophically imag9ative way 9 su* books z ,anticipations1 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia1 etc41 until he began to realise t t p]sonal me?od :i* he _h adopt$ 9 ,kipps 0 ! be/ me?od ( express+ ! consci\sness n[ awake 9 him ( 8 own life1 ( 8 relations ) ! p he _h met & ! c\ntry he _h liv$ 91 & ( ! vague1 re/less desires--desires ca/ 9 ! m\ld ( ?is mat]ial _w1 yet half my/ical 9 _! nature--:i* _h fir/ made him p]cipi5t1 !n critical & dissatisfi$1 !n critical & irritable1 !n critical & religi\s1 & aft]w>ds--x rema9s to be se54 ,x 0 9 ,tono-,bungay t ,mr4 ,wells a*iev$ an unque/ionable success4 ,:5 he wrote t book x seem$ t all ! exp]i5ces ( :i* hi!rto he _h be5 only p>tially consci\s became cle> to him2 t all ! clev] b unrelat$ lit]>y ef=ts :i* he _h hi!rto made f\nd "h _! clue & connect+ l9k1 _! inspir$ syn!sis4 ,long be=e ?is he _h writt5 a/oni%+1 +5i\s1 philosophic1 %rewd1 sugge/ive books1 b he _h a*iev$ no success on ?is scale4 ,"h he seem$ to h br\ght toge!r all ! ?reads ( 8 _m intellectual en]gies1 & wov5 !m into a s+le fabric fit = we>-&-te> & adornm5t4 ,at ! fir/ he _h writt5 romances su* z ,jules ,v]ne w\ld h be5 glad to write2 he _h gone on to project new worlds con/ruct$ aft] analysis ( ! pres5t1 or 9 anticipation ( ! future1 or ideally f ! ideal2 he _h writt5 comic /ories & weird /ories1 & "o or two true /ories2 & he _h turn$ to economics & political sci5ce ) re=m+ zeal4 ,b "h we h x all aga91 n 9 p>ts1 b z a compreh5sive :ole1 9 a novel :i* asks u to consid] e class 9 ! social ladd] 9 mod]n ,engl&1 :i* que/ions ! :ole organisation ( our society1 :i* raises c5tral que/ions ab\t bir?1 m>riage1 religion1 dea?1 & survival1 & pres5ts ! :ole z a p]sonal & human affair4 ,mr4 ,wells set himself to ?is task 9 8 own que]1 plodd+1 ,engli% way4 ,to ! niceties ( /yle & =m he paid little att5tion4 ,he tells ! /ory z be/ he c1 9 8 own slangy1 cumbr\s1 ,lat9-,engli%1 b idiomatic way--!re is little selection or self-suppression1 b he makes 8 po9ts4 ,he draws f a copi\s /ore4 ,consid]$ z social satire1 x is an exposure ( ! sill9ess & futility ( our sy/em ( competitive capitalism sup]impos$ on feudalism4 ,or y may take x z a book ( adv5ture1 & f9d our h]o & 8 erratic uncle plung+ into orgies ( haz>d\s exploits & a*ievem5ts4 ,or y may take x z a novel ( love1 & langui% ) ! h]o 9 a misdirect$ am\r1 & burn ) him 9 a glori\s1 futile1 & tragic affection4 ,or y may take x z a novel ( ,engl&1 ( ! _m curr5ts ( ,engli% life jo9+ 9 "o va/ /ream on :i* ! b>que ( ! n>rator floats4 ',?is1' x came to me1 'is ,engl&4 ,?is is :at ,i want$ to give 9 my book4 ,?is6' ,& ?is1 ! vision :i* comes to ,mr4 ,wells ?r\gh a k9d ( in/9ct ab\t ! life he has exp]i5c$ & s\ght to convey--! vague dream t haunts & baffles him--! desir$1 intangible1 dimly-felt1 b unkn[n ?+--is (f]$ z a k9d ( my/ical solution to ! insoluble problem ( an imp]fect _w4 ,! title--x is typical ( ,mr4 ,wells--sugge/s at once ! f>cical elem5t 9 ! :ole ?+4 ,tono-,bungay--a quack m$ic9e1 slightly injuri\s rubbi% sold at "o-&-?ree-halfp5ce & two-&-n9e a bottle1 includ+ ! ,gov]nm5t /amp4 ,we c only approa* ,tono-,bungay1 :i* is mod]n & repres5tative ( our :ole indu/rial sy/em1 by way ( some?+ prior to x--! old social ord] :i* exi/s only z a tradition1 :i* is ma9ta9$ z a va/1 /upid1 demoralis+ pret5ce1 und]m9$ by ,tono-,bungayism4 ,! old ord]1 9 ,mr4 ,wells' language1 is call$ ! ,bladesov] ,sy/em1 ,bladesov] be+ ! h\se :]e ,i1 ,george ,pond]evo1 ! h\sekeep]'s son--"o ( ! _m inc>nations ( ! au?or himself--0 born1 br\ght up1 & acquir$ 8 fir/ impressions ( life4 ,! great h\se1 ! *ur*1 ! village1 & ! lab\r]s1 & ! s]vants 9 _! /ations & degrees seem$ to me1 ,i say1 to be a clos$ & complete social sy/em4 ,ab\t u 7 o!r villages & great e/ates1 & f h\se to h\se1 int]lac+1 correlat$1 ! g5try1 ! f9e ,olympians1 came & w5t4 ,! c\ntry t[ns seem$ m]e collections ( %ops1 m>ket+-places = ! t5antry1 c5tres = su* education z !y ne$$1 z entirely dep5d5t on ! g5try z ! village & sc>cely less directly s4 ,i ?\ght ?is 0 ! ord] ( ! :ole _w4 ,all ?is f9e appe>ance 0 already sapp$4 ,george himself1 z a boy1 _h already begun to "q ! f9al rightness ( ! g5tlefolks1 decl>+ 8 rebellion by resolv+ to m>ry a visc\nt's daught] & black+ ! eye ( h] half-bro!r4 ,he is transport$ to ! h\se ( ,nicodemus ,frapp1 bak]1 ( ,*a?am1 :]e he aga9 rebels1 ?is "t aga9/ ! ?reat ( be+ burn$ = ev] 9 ,hell4 ,!nce he is tak5 to ! h\se ( 8 uncle ,pond]evo1 *emi/1 ( ,wimblehur/1 a small t[n dom9at$1 l ,bladesov]1 by ! l&$ g5try tradition4 ,& he f9ds 9 ?is uncle1 ^: "n is soon to become a h\sehold ^w ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 a v]itable embodim5t ( ! new _s :i* is invad+ ! ,bladesov] sy/em & alt]+ ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,pond]evo is re/less & discont5t$4 ,he does n l ,wimblehur/4 ,"o rubs along4 ,b !re's no developm5t--no gr[?4 ,!y j come along "h & buy pills :5 !y want 'em--& a horse-ball or su*4 ,!y've got to be ill be=e !re's a prescription4 ,t sort !y are4 ,y c't get 'em to laun* out1 y c't get 'em to take up any?+ new4 ,mr4 ,pond]evo1 be+ bankrupt1 moves to ,london1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t ,george1 n[ a /ud5t ( sci5ce1 foll[s him4 ,new vi/as ( life op5 up 9 ! mid/ ( ?is va/1 ov]gr[n1 purposeless1 d+y city4 ,nobody s9ce ,dick5s has giv5 u ! impression ( ,london 9 all its multitud9\s1 dismal-gay activities z ,mr4 ,wells gives x u4 ,b x is no long] ! ,london ( ,dick5s4 ,x is a great1 /upid giantess1 a city ( ,bladesov] 444 p>asitically occupi$1 insidi\sly replac$ by ali51 unsympa!tic1 & irresponsible elem5ts4 ,x 0 a *aotic mass ( h\ses built = ! middle-class ,victorian families4 ,& ev5 :ile ^! h\ses 7 be+ run up3 ,means ( transit 7 develop+ to c>ry ! mod]ately prosp]\s middle-class families out ( ,london2 education & factory employm5t 7 :ittl+ away at ! supply ( r\gh h>d-work+1 ob$i5t girls :o w\ld /& ! subt]ranean drudg]y ( ^! places2 new classes ( h>d-up middle-class p su* z my uncle1 employees ( v>i\s types1 7 com+ into exi/5ce1 = :om no homes 7 provid$4 ,none ( ^! classes h ideas ( :at !y ought to be1 or fit 9 any legitimate way into ! ,bladesov] !ory t dom9ates our m9ds4 ,x 0 nobody's conc]n to see !m h\s$ "u civilis$ conditions1 & ! beautiful laws ( supply & dem& _h free play4 ,x 0 su* a ,london1 su* an ,engl&1 :i* (f]$ itself invit+ly to ! pr$atory ambitions ( ,mr4 ,pond]evo1 s t out ( a simple concoction ( drugs & wat] he 0 able to capture ! money ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s :o fondly believ$ t ,tono-,bungay w\ld give !m new vig\r & ze/ 9 life4 ,mr4 ,wells describes to u ! sudd5 rise & developm5t ( ,mr4 ,pond]evo1 to ^: =tunes ^? ( ,george are l9k$2 he tells u h[ he gr[s 9 importance1 h[ he moves into h\ses l>g] & l>g] to suit 8 new place 9 ! social scale1 h[ va/ a position he comes to hold 9 ! f9ancial _w ( ,london1 9 ! philan?ropic _w1 &1 ( c\rse1 9 ! social _w4 ,x is :il/ he is int]e/+ u 9 ,george & 8 associates t ,mr4 ,wells makes u aw>e also ( ! high] unit ( society & ! :ole /range fraud ( mod]n life1 ! pret5ce t !re has be5 no *ange :5 conditions h radically *ang$ & are /ill *ang+4 ,! !ory ( ! old ord] broods ov] ! new1 *aotic1 haphaz>d _w :i* fl+s p up & d[n1 sets _! :ole life--bir?1 m>riage1 possessions1 happ9ess--at ! m]cy ( m]e *ance4 ,9 ! love int]e/ :i* is an important "p ( ! /ory he pres5ts ! mod]n treatm5t ( m>riage & sex z ano!r disa/r\s example ( muddl+ & disord]4 ,b he does n dwell long or didactically on ea* ( ^! problems4 ,!y arise naturally & inevitably1 z a "p ( human life1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /ory ( adv5ture & love4 ,he does n pret5d to solve ! p]plex+ que/ions4 ,! h]o feels t he is l a man fl\nd]+ 9 a univ]se ( soap-suds1 up & d[n1 ea/ & we/4 ,i c't /& x4 ,i mu/ get my foot on some?+ solid or--,i don't "k :at4 ,beh9d x all1 9 its *aos & ugl9ess1 he does n lose ! s5se ( some?+ o!r & bett]1 a vague b insi/5t ideal *]i%$ by ! _s4 ,!re is some?+ l9ks ?+s = me1 a sunset or s1 a mood or s1 ! high air1 some?+ !re 0 9 ,m>ion's =m & col\r1 some?+ ,i f9d & lose 9 ,mantegna's pictures1 some?+ 9 ! l9es ( ^! boats ,i make4 ,!re1 evid5tly en\gh1 is some?+ t ! arti/1 ! poet ev51 wants4 ,x is ! my/ical ne$1 ! desid]atum1 express$ 9 t]ms ( ?is _w's goods--,m>ion's =m & col\r1 ,mantegna's pictures1 ! l9es ( a boat4 ,if !re is any solution "h1 let x be not$ t x is ess5tially an individual1 a p]sonal solution1 ! arti/'s solution ( ! _w-problem 9 t]ms ( :at is p]sonally significant to individuals4 ,b :5 appli$ to m5 & wom5 9 ! mass1 h[ ?9 & wat]y ?is ideal becomes1 h[ unsub/antial & %ad[y1 h[ unsuit$ to ! collective ne$s ( society1 :i* are practical & mat]ial4 ,e man 9 8 public1 social capacity mu/ necess>ily express 8 ideals 9 a mat]ial & practical =m2 ! my/ical side c only f9d expression 9 ! private life1 9 ! p]sonal way :i* is ! way ( art & individual int]c\rse4 ,b :5 ,mr4 ,wells became dimly aw>e ( ! p]sonal equation 9 life & ! p]sonal ideal1 he1 :o _h already d$icat$ himself to ! treatm5t ( social problems & m5 9 ! mass1 attempt$1 by my/ical contradiction1 to id5tify ! private & ! public1 ! ideal ) ! mat]ial1 ! free ) ! b\nd4 ,to make my mean+ cle>]1 ,i w recall aga9 ! incid5t at ! ,fabian ,society4 ,x is j z if ,mr4 ,wells _h gone to t mix$ ga!r+ ( au/]e & flippant sociali/s1 & _h said1 ,we want some?+ to l9k ?+s = u2 we mu/ rememb] ! ?+s t m5 *]i% mo/ ( all1 a sunset or s1 a mood or s1 ! high air4 ,:5 we are settl+ ! wom5's "q1 we mu/ n =get t ,m>ion c>es m ab\t h] =m & col\r ?an ab\t h] vote2 & if we are nationalis+ ! great ma/]s1 let u rememb] t !re is some?+ we may f9d & lose 9 a s+le ,mantegna m important to u ?an all ! gall]ies 9 ! _w4 ,! d]elict ',victory1' ) h] romantic l9es1 means z mu* to ! nation z ! bigge/ ,dreadn\ght 9 ! _w4 ,& we c imag9e ,mr4 ,%aw gett+ up to "q ! noveli/4 ,w ,mr4 ,wells expla9 to u h[ ! ,/ate is go+ to pres]ve ,m>ion's col\r8 ,does he propose to arrange sunset effects on ,primrose ,hill8 ,w he describe ! app>atus by :i* he int5ds to capture & bottle ! high air1 & di/ribute x = public consumption8 ,& :]e are we to look = ! some?+ to be f\nd 9 ,mantegna's pictures :5 he has be5 s un=tunate z to lose x8 ,mr4 ,wells1 naturally en\gh1 broke ) ! ,fabian ,society2 & at ! same "t1 discov]+ ! inadequacy ( 8 rem$y1 broke ) ! :ole social ord]1 resign$ himself = a "t to %e] irritation1 & took 8 rev5ge ^u ! _w 9 ,! ,new ,ma*iavelli4 ,he devot$ 8 brilliant p[]s to satiris+ ! :ole public life ( ,great ,brita91 9 ! same brea? lampoon+ ! public p]sons ) :om he _h be5 p]sonally associat$1 & def5d+ himself aga9/ c]ta9 p]sonal *>ges :i* _h be5 br\ght aga9/ him4 ,x 0 an effective book4 ,x occasion$ n a little gossip1 excitem5t1 sc&al1 & ev5 he>t-burn+4 ,?\gh ! au?or ann\nc$ t ! p]sons 9 ! novel 7 composite *>act]s1 n to be tak5 z lik5esses ( real p]sons1 & ?\gh no d\bt !re 7 sc5es & conv]sations :i* he _h inv5t$ & incid5ts :i* he _h transpos$1 nev]!less 9 _m ess5tials ! /ory 0 photographic4 ,mr4 ,wells himself 0 nev]1 l 8 h]o ,rem+ton1 ei!r at ,cambridge or 9 ,p>liam5t1 b he came "u ! same educational1 social1 & political influ5ces :i* det]m9$ ,rem+ton's "* & c>e]4 ,rem+ton's fri5ds1 :o are expos$ 9 all ! intimacy ( private life to ! public gaze1 7 once1 "u o!r names1 ! fri5ds ( ,mr4 ,wells4 ,no "o :o has any acqua9tance ) public p]sonages 9 ,london c fail to id5tify ^? apo/les ( social organisation1 ,mr4 ,bailey & 8 wife ,altiora4 ,equally transp>5t are ! "y ,lib]als1 ,edw>d & ,willie ,crampton4 ,if ! noveli/ has c>icatur$ ^! p]sons he has se5 to x t he has nev] di/ort$ !m out ( recognition4 ,! realism ) :i* he describes ^! & a score ( popul>ly e/eem$ public m5 is appli$ also to _! wom5k9d2 ,isabel is n sp>$2 nor is ,m>g>et1 ,rem+ton's wife4 ,"h1 !n1 we h :at is at ! same "t ,rem+ton's ,apologia = 8 errors1 & 8 rev5ge ^u ! society :i* decid$ to discr$it him4 ,he pres5ts himself z an un>m$1 discr$it$ man1 ^: p[] ) ! p5 _c be *eck$2 a man half out ( life already because ( ! r$ blaze t came out ( my ungu>d$ nature1 & clos$ my c>e] = me2 a man :o cries out ( 8 he>t to ! unse5 fell[%ip ab\t him1 & to ^? :o h he>d already "s crude inaccurate v]sion ( our /ory & :y ,i did n take (fice1 & h =m$ y\r p>tial judgm5t on me4 ,rem+ton's reply to ! man :o urges him to hu% up ! sc&al gives a col\r ( p]sonal dis9t]e/$ness to ! /ory4 ,x's our duty to sma% n[ op5ly 9 ! sight ( ev]yone4 ,i've got t z cle> & pla9--z prison :itewa%4 ,i am conv9c$ t we h got to be public to ! utt]mo/ n[--,i mean x--until e corn] ( our _w kn[s ?is /ory1 kn[s x fully1 adds x to ! ,p>nell /ory & ! ,a%ton ,dean /ory & ! ,c>mel /ory & ! ,witt]slea /ory1 & all ! o!r /ories t h kick$ man aft] man out ( ,engli% public life1 ! m5 ) active imag9ations1 ! m5 ( /rong initiative4 ,to ?9k ?is tott]+1 old-woman-ridd5 ,empire %\ld d>e to wa/e a man on su* a score6 ,b ,mr4 ,wells int5ds some?+ m ?an to expla9 ! /ate ( m9d :i* l$ a di/+ui%$ politician & morali/1 a m>ri$1 middle-ag$ man1 to victimise--t is ! worldly way ( look+ at x--a beautiful "y girl :o _h fall5 9 love ) 8 g5ius4 ,"h we h ! life-/ory & "* ( ,rem+ton portray$ at full l5g?--,rem+ton an individual product ( our social environm5t--,rem+ton 9 relation to ! va/ national processes :i* h be5 *ang+ ,engl& f ! muddle ( ! ,victorians to ! muddle ( to-day--a ,rem+ton clev] en\gh to see our repres5tative in/itutions /ripp$ ( _! holl[ness & _! cant2 quick to pi]ce ?r\gh ! %ell ( ,lib]alism1 n p]haps q to ! k]nel ( x1 b to ! ins9c]e "p ( x2 quick to see a pr(\nd psy*ological mean+ 9 ! ,suffragette movem5t1 & to di/+ui% betwe5 ! out] be>+ ( public m5 & ! individuality beh9d x--! h9t]l&4 ,! :ole 0 a brilliant analysis ( ,engl& 9 macrocosm & microcosm weld$ into ! life-/ory ( ,rem+ton4 ,& 8 h]o is n l "o ( ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d's puppets1 set up to be a great politician4 ,rem+ton z a ?9k] is almo/ a great man2 he is a pr(\nd analy/ ( society on its human side2 he is a gift$ critic ( public in/itutions2 ev5 8 absurd p]v]sity 9 try+ to inv5t a con/ructive1 mo!rhood-end[+ ,toryism is ! p]v]sity ( a v]satile & clev] man ^: action is precipitat$ by bitt]ness or pique4 ,b ! extraord9>y ?+ ab\t ,! ,new ,ma*iavelli is1 t ?is envisag+ ( ,engl& 9 h] social1 political1 & intellectual life1 ?is acutely & almo/ diabolically obs]v$ cr[d ( real p]sons1 ?is m9ute psy*ology1 ?is exact hi/ory1 ?is elaborate philosophy--all are subs]vi5t to ! purpose ( expla9+ h[ x 0 t ,rem+ton 0 driv5 into ! net ( sex1 & ,isabel 0 enabl$ to d>n 8 socks4 ,p>turiunt montes4 ,is x ?us t ,rem+ton w make himself immortal 9 lit]ature1 ! tw5tie?-c5tury ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 swagg]+1 9 a self-consci\s1 tw5tie?-c5tury way1 ?r\gh ! tale ( 8 glori\s peccadilloes8 ,or is x to be a ,jona?an ,wild1 memorable z ! h]o ( a hundr$ magnific5t felonies ) :i* a ,field+ or a ,wells c\ld glorify a /urdy vagabond8 ,b ,rem+ton writes 9 bitt]ness4 ,8 p5 is /eep$ 9 ! gall ( ,swift4 ,he feels ranc\r aga9/ ,altiora1 aga9/ ! ,cramptons1 aga9/ all ! ,p9ky-,d9kies :o prescribe morals = a g5ius erratic 9 8 desires4 ,! successive m5tal /ages by :i* ,rem+ton em]ges _h be5 set =? be=e 9 o!r books4 ,!y are "h br\ght toge!r & survey$ 9 a compreh5sive :ole4 ,he is anxi\s to /rip (f ! disguises ( human nature1 & to expose1 9 ea* ( ! p]sons array$ be=e u1 ! self-beh9d-!-frontage4 ,9 ! o/5sible self :o gl[$ "u ! approbation ( ,altiora ,bailey1 & 0 envi$ & discuss$1 prais$ & depreciat$1 9 ! ,h\se & 9 smok+-room gr\ps1 y really h z mu* ( a man z usually figures 9 a novel or an obitu>y notice4 ,8 ideal is ! individual :o lives & acts 9 ! full light ( t self-beh9d-!-frontage--! h9t]l&1 z he calls him2 & 8 lit]>y me?od 9 ?is book is to expose ! empt9ess ( ! %op-w9d[1 to ca/ 8 satire ^u ! poor %[4 ,! weakness ( 8 attacks is t ! ideal ) :i* he w\ld illum9ate 8 backgr\nd is %ifty1 unc]ta91 ill-realis$2 be+ undet]m9$1 ! function t is allott$ to ! human ideal is actually left to *ance1 to accid5tal impulse r ?an to consci\s w--to human frailty r ?an to human /r5g?4 ,h5ce x is t he decl>es ! rights ( sex :]e its claims are weake/2 n[ applauds ! conduct ( ,rem+ton1 n[ apologises = x2 n[ expla9s elaborately t 8 m]e s5sual side w\ld ass]t itself1 n[ t sex nev] appeal$ to him )\t an admixture ( ! ideal2 n[ cries out = discussion & public enlight5m5t on ?is subject1 & n[ ackn[l$ges t ,rem+ton1 :o _h discuss$ x = ye>s1 act$ on impulse1 9 ! d>k4 ,h[ unc]ta9 x all is1 h[ mix$ 9 its motives1 h[ brilliantly bewild]+ 9 its conclusions--& yet h[ clev]6 ,x 0 probably a pass+ phase 9 ,mr4 ,wells' hi/ory1 an unhappy phase = him1 presumably1 b inevitable4 ,9 ! uneasy p]iod ( irritation & defiance he lo/ none ( 8 skill 9 self-portraiture1 9 project+ himself ^u ! canvas ( mod]n life4 ,x 0 t ve9 ( undef9$ ,romanticism 9 him1 accord+ s ill ) ! life ( public affairs1 t put him out ( h>mony ) himself4 ,su* an ideal z he _h =m$ = himself c\ld nev] by its nature completely satisfy any b ! solit>y recluse1 & _h little to give to man 9 8 social capacity1 /ill less to ! man :om he depict$ 9 ,m>riage1 irritat$1 fru/rat$1 dra9$ ( 8 high] en]gies by ! irritat+ calls ( society4 ,long be=e1 9 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia1 he _h prescrib$ = 8 ,samurai rul]s a p]iodical c\rse ( solitude & m$itation 9 ! des]t4 ,9 ! book :i*1 :ile ,i write1 is ! la/ ( 8 books--,m>riage--he comes back to ! same idea4 ,he depicts a h]o full ( sci5tific ard\r & intellectual ambition :o f9ds t 9 ! social life !re is no?+ to satisfy 8 deepe/ ne$s1 & t only 9 turn+ 8 back on ! _w ( p & fly+ to commune ) ,god1 nature1 & himself1 9 solitude1 c he atta9 ! my/ical peace he longs =4 ,! social _w :i* becomes an obsession to ,traf=d1 8 h]o1 is made to sw>m ab\t him ?r\gh ! inevitable net ( m>riage--al?\gh x is m>riage to a fasc9at+ woman :om he /ill loves4 ,at fir/ he _h sacrific$ 8 sci5tific ideal to ! dome/ic & mat]ial ne$s4 ,he _h ab&on$ rese>* 9 ord] to make ,m>jorie ri* & to surr\nd h] ) luxury & smugness4 ,! com=table h\se1 ! arti/ic surr\nd+s1 ! social pleasures1 & ! ennui ( acqua9tances reveal !mselves to him z fru/rations ( ! life :i* man 9 8 m glori\s capacity seem$ de/9$ to live4 ,he sees ! impulses "u :i* m5 & wom5 seek to escape f ! petty1 weakly /imulat+1 competitive motives ( l[-grade & law-abid+ prosp]ity4 ,m>riage is ! social bond :i* has involv$ him 9 ?is4 ,m>jorie h]self has become ! fem99e embodim5t ( t urg5t life ( gett+ on1 ( j do+1 :i* seeks to trammel1 /ifle1 & kill ! _s & high] intellig5ce ( man4 ,?r\gh m>riage ! e>?y sociality ( life _h ?ru/ itself ^u him1 & 0 kill+ :at 0 appreh5sive1 curi\s1 spiritually & intellig5tly aspir+ )9 him4 ,he rebels4 ,he flies to ! w9try wilds ( ,labrador1 & takes ,m>jorie ) him4 ,!re1 9 a m]ely fanta/ic b brilliantly describ$ sc5e1 amid ! ?rill+ dang]s ( a wild solitude & a grim w9t]1 !y discov] !mselves4 ,!y come ne> to "o ano!r 9 mom5ts ( p]il1 deprivation1 & self-sacrifice4 ,he passionately ass]ts1 %e passionately agrees1 t we c't d ?+s4 ,we don't br+ ?+s (f6 444 ,! real ?+ is to get k & express x 444 ,?is ,be+--us+ its eyes1 li/5+1 try+ to compreh5d x4 ,e good ?+ 9 man is t--look+ & mak+ pictures1 li/5+ & mak+ songs1 mak+ philosophies & sci5ces1 try+ new p[]s1 bridge & eng9e1 sp>k & gun4 ,at ! bottom ( my s\l1 t4 ,he sees man )\t eyes = ^? great] ?+s1 b we've got ! promise--! intimation ( eyes4 ,?is is n1 x is to be fe>$1 a v satisfactory solution = ! av]age man or woman :o is suff]+ ei!r f de/9y unrealis$ or f ! mild] malady ( n]ves4 ,! m$ical or ! spiritual advis] :o %\ld prescribe a c\rse ( ,labrador :5ev] we are physically or spiritually run d[n w\ld be ( little use to ! majority ( u4 ,we see "h ! monki% side ( ,mr4 ,wells' temp]am5t delib]ately tortur+ ! social & worldly side ( him1 ! _s sugge/+ to ! fle% & ! devil t !y ought to be cont5t ) spiritual contemplation4 ,! my/ic has ! f9al ^w 9 ^? humor\s-passionate conv]sations 9 :i* fir/ & la/ ?+s are discuss$ by ! man & ! woman 9 ! wild--! man & woman1 /ill comp>atively "y1 ab\t to return to a new life 9 civilisation4 ,b :at w !y become :5 !y return8 ,:at w ,m>jorie d :5 ! %ops once aga9 lie tempt+ly be=e h]1 & :5 h] aunt ,pless+ton's gue/s once m besiege h]1 & social life pres5ts itself aga9 9 its g>i% v>iety8 ,is ?is visit to ! wild m decisive ?an m>riage itself8 ,w _! brief vision ( ,god1 _! intellectual & spiritual conv]sion1 make !m live happily ev] aft]8 ,mr4 ,wells1 at lea/1 %\ld "k t x w n2 he w surely be b\nd to write ano!r novel to %[ ! f9al /age ( ,m>jorie & ,traf=d1 ! r5ew$ conflict1 )9 !m & betwe5 !m1 ( ! _w & ! _s4 ,= x is a conflict )\t end1 a conflict :i* ,mr4 ,wells1 z he goes on writ+ ! hi/ory ( 8 own mo/ int]e/+ self 9 relation to 8 own mo/ int]e/+ environm5t1 mu/ contrive to pres5t to u 9 ea* new book t he writes4 ,,iii ,,arnold ,,b5nett ,mr4 ,arnold ,b5nett has (t5 be5 spok5 ( z if he 7 a sort ( revis$ edition ( ,mr4 ,wells4 ,9 reality ! contra/ :i* ^! two writ]s pres5t is f> m rem>kable ?an ! resemblance4 ,! important works ( ,mr4 ,wells came fir/ 9 ord] ( "t1 & ,mr4 ,b5nett w\ld readily admit t he owes mu* to ! o!r's imag9ative pictures ( a *ang+ civilisation4 ,he belongs also1 l ,mr4 ,wells1 to ! ess5tially ,engli% tradition ( fiction4 ,9 spite ( an admiration = ,fr5* lit]ature :i* has _h a refre%+ effect ^u 8 /yle1 he has writt5 _m ( 8 novels z ,field+1 ,smollett1 ,dick5s1 & ,?ack]ay wrote !irs--out ( ! abundance ( 8 imag9ation1 f an inord9ate eag]ness to reproduce human life 9 all its pr(usion1 9 its littl5ess & its greatness1 a colossal :ole out ( :i* ! read] r ?an ! arti/ makes ! selection4 ,9 8 long] books he has adopt$ ! epic r ?an ! dramatic me?od ( writ+ fiction4 ,he w (t5 indulge 8 fancy = insubord9ate episodes1 s long z !y are 9 "s way *>act]i/ic4 ,he loves abundance ( description--!re is sc>cely any noveli/ :o is m precise 9 describ+ all ! m9uti ( a place or ! physical traits ( a p]son4 ,?is sort ( pr(usion is v ,engli%2 & ,mr4 ,wells1 too1 is ess5tially ,engli%4 ,! two m5 7 born at ab\t ! same "t4 ,!y came f families :i* belong$1 broadly speak+1 to ! same social class4 ,!y h bo? ( !m writt5 ) p]fect frankness ( ! sort ( p !y h kn[n intimately 9 _! y\?4 ,& !re1 ,i ?9k1 ! resemblance ends4 ,! contra/ is f> m /rik+4 ,all ! mo/ important ( ,mr4 ,wells' books h be5 writt5 ab\t himself4 ,mr4 ,b5nett has nev] writt5 ab\t himself except+ 9 an e>ly book l ,! ,man f ! ,nor?1 9 c]ta9 inf]ior books ( 8 middle p]iod1 & :5 he is delib]ately writ+ 8 impressions ( places1 z 9 8 book ab\t ,am]ica4 ,x is always ! p]sonality ( ,mr4 ,wells ) :i* ,mr4 ,wells is mo/ conc]n$1 & ! _w z relat$ to him4 ,! p]sonality ( ,mr4 ,b5nett is kept 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,he is an int]e/$ obs]v]1 & he gives :at he has se5 or believes t he has se5--he reports fai?fully z "o :o might be held responsible = ! actuality ( 8 vision4 ,m5 & wom51 places & ?+s1 are all to him curi\s ph5om5a :i* x w be wor? 8 :ile to note1 to try to und]/&1 to record 9 s f> z !y are significant4 ,mr4 ,wells has an extraord9>y intellectual capacity ( int]pret+ 8 own impressions1 & light+ ^u tru?s by "s romantic or in/9ctive process ( 8 own4 ,mr4 ,b5nett has a v mu* h>d] s5se ( fact4 ,he und]/&s romance1 b he is n himself romantic4 ,8 int]e/s are all 9 ! und]/&+ & int]pret+ ( ! significant facts ( life1 & he c>es v little = ! pleasure ( liv+ outside t k9d ( liv+ :i* is arti/ic p]ception4 ,& yet he has s mu* practicality & common s5se--! s5se ( fact :i* 9 8 art /&s him 9 su* good /ead--t he has ev5 be5 prep>$ to sacrifice 8 art to ! ma9 practical necessities ( life4 ,at any rate1 x is ^u ?is hypo!sis t we mu/ expla9 "s ( ! v poor books :i* he p]petrat$ be=e x became wor? 8 :ile to protect 8 reputation--! only o!r possible explanation be+ t1 z he writes at all times & 9 all moods1 mu* ( 8 "w might be expect$ to be bel[ 8 prop] level4 ,b ,mr4 ,b5nett is n only extraord9>ily v]satile 9 8 obs]vations ( p1 places1 books--any?+ :atsoev] t he comes ^u--b he has ! faculty always ( see+ objects z if he saw !m = ! fir/ "t2 t is to say1 he br+s imag9ative curiosity to be> ^u !m4 ,he is n p]sonally di/ress$1 l ,mr4 ,wells1 ab\t ! evil fate ( ! _w any m ?an he w\ld be elat$ by its good =tune4 ,b he is int]e/$4 ,he looks = "*1 & he f9ds x4 ,he looks = situation1 & he makes x4 ,he c be cont5t ) a light comic situation1 z 9 ,hel5 ) ! ,high ,h&1 & ! result is admirable4 ,he c pres5t ) equal skill pr(\ndly poignant situations1 su* z occur 9 ,clayhang] & ,hilda ,lessways4 ,he is aw>e ( ! fact t life is a spectacle2 & t to make x int]e/+ y mu/ make x vivid1 y mu/ %[ x z some?+ t is int5se & passionate4 ,& he is also aw>e ( ! fact t ! feel+ ( int5sity & passion may be elicit$ f a s5se ( ! monoton\s1 ! trivial1 & ! vapid2 t tragic effect may be ga9$ by ! spectacle ( m5 seek+ an ideal :i* is beyond _! p[]s1 or grasp+ at an ideal :i* proves unwor?y1 or indiff]5t to an ideal :i* we see to be )9 _! rea*4 ,x may be tak5 z c]ta9 t1 ) or )\t ! example ( ,mr4 ,wells1 ,mr4 ,b5nett mu/ inevitably h be5 affect$ by ! s5se ( ! *ang+ conditions ( mod]n life1 & ! pass+ ( ! g5]ations f "o set ( habits to ano!r4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t he 0 born & br\ght up 9 ! ,pott]ies 9 ! middle & lat] ,victorian p]iods2 t z a "y man he left ^? prov9ces1 & 9 c\rse ( "t f\nd himself engag$ 9 ! pr(ession ( lit]ature at a safe di/ance f !m4 ,he wrote ab\t all sorts ( subjects--& 9 e sort ( /yle--articles1 didactic books1 fantasies1 novels--b z a good j\rnali/ he at l5g? discov]$ t on "o subject he 0 a speciali/1 t to 8 acc\nts ( "o "p ( ! _w he c\ld supply local col\r--t "p ( ! _w be+1 ( c\rse1 ! ,five ,t[ns ( ! ,pott]ies4 ,he made ?is region 8 own4 ,he adopt$ x = lit]>y purposes4 ,& 9 writ+ ,anna ( ! ,five ,t[ns1 ,tales ( ! ,five ,t[ns1 ,! ,grim ,smile ( ! ,five ,t[ns1 & 8 m fam\s lat] novels he naturally f\nd himself describ+ ! ,pott]ies z !y 7 :5 he 0 a "y man1 b z !y no long] are to-day4 ,:at 0 m natural ?an t1 z he pass$ f ! la/ g5]ation to ! pres5t1 writ+ 9 ! pres5t ab\t ! rem>kably diff]5t pa/1 he %\ld become supremely impress$ ) ! v fact ( ! transition--t fact ( *ang+ & gr[+ old :i* dom9ates ,! ,old ,wives' ,tale1 & supplies him ) 8 !me 9 ! play ( ,mile/ones8 ,9 ,! ,old ,wives' ,tale he pres5ts a s]ies ( pictures :i* make u realise t !re are m5 & wom5 ab\t u :o 7 br\ght up 9 a _w s totally unlike ours t we reg>d x z purely hi/orical4 ,he has br\ght out ?is fact 9 a way t may cause misgiv+s ev5 to ^? :o are /ill consid]$ "y4 ,he takes u back to ! mo/ vivid memories ( our *ildhood4 ,he recalls to u :at ,engl& 0 l & :at p 7 l 9 an age :5 electric trams 7 unkn[n1 :5 bicycles 7 r>e1 :5 ! retail trad] 0 a p]son :o c\ld /ill call 8 s\l 8 own4 ,he has %[n u p born 9 "o _w & gr[+ old 9 ano!r4 ,he has pres5t$ to u ! fanta/ic b true panorama ( c]ta9 p]sons :o 7 "y & ideali/ic1 :o became middle-ag$ & practical1 :o are n[ old & acquiesc5t2 ( p]sons :o 7 born mid-,victorians1 :o became lat]-,victorians1 :o to ?is day survive grotesquely among ! mod]ns--& aga9 "y m5 & wom5 ( to-day :o !mselves w survive to a d]elict old age among p z unlike u z we are unlike ! h]oes ( ,mrs4 ,w>d ,bee*] ,/[e4 ,no "o ( u w atta9 a ripe old age )\t exp]i5c+ ?ree diff]5t g5]ations m>k$ by ?ree diff]5t sets ( habits1 s5tim5ts1 ideals4 ,mr4 ,b5nett's subject is ! tragi-com$y ( gr[+ old4 ,! au?or pres5t$ 8 p1 & ! places 9 :i* !y liv$1 9 all ! m9uti ( _! & its exi/5ce4 ,he comb9$ ! reali/ic mod]n me?od ) ! bitt]1 ironical1 s5t5ti\s me?od ( ,?ack]ay4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! fir/ half ( ?is book :i* ,?ack]ay w\ld h done bett]1 & ,?ack]ay nev] illu/rat$ a law ( life remorselessly work+ itself out z ,mr4 ,b5nett has done4 ,8 m9d & 8 p]ceptions are at "w simultane\sly4 ,he is alt]nately humor\s & grim1 b is too philosophical1 int]e/$1 & deta*$ ev] to be bitt]4 ,t 0 ! _w our fa!rs 7 born 9--he %[s x to u--t is :at our fa!rs are among u to ?is day--& aga9 we h ! picture4 ,y _c /ep twice into ! same riv]1 said ,h]aclitus4 ,y _c g back to ! t[n y 7 born 91 ,mr4 ,b5nett means to say2 & 8 book makes 8 mean+ cle>4 ,two si/]s1 ,con/ance & ,sophia1 are ! girls1 wom51 wid[s :om we see gr[+ up f ! 'fifties to ! latt] "p ( ! fir/ decade ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,:5 we meet !m fir/ !y are "y girls--fifte5 & sixte5--r l racehorses1 quiv]+ ) delicate1 s5sitive1 & luxuriant life2 exquisite1 en*ant+ pro( ( ! circulation ( ! blood2 innoc5t1 artful1 rogui%1 prim1 gu%+1 ignorant1 & miracul\sly wise--at an age :5 if "o is frank1 "o mu/ admit t "o has no?+ to le>n3 "o has le>nt simply ev]y?+ 9 ! previ\s six mon?s4 ,^! two "y p are unconsci\s ( ! miracul\s age :i* is u4 ,!y liv$ 9 ! ,pott]ies be=e ! ,pott]ies _h acquir$ t big black spot on ! map :i* n[ dignifies & degrades _! exi/5ce4 ,!y liv$ 9 & ar\nd ! important drap]'s %op 9 ,! ,squ>e1 "u ! w+ ( _! respect$ p>5ts1 ! once active citiz51 n[ p>alytic1 ,mr4 ,ba9es1 & ,mrs4 ,ba9es1 ! rul]1 ! dictator ( ! h\sehold & ( ! morals ( all its memb]s4 ,9 ! fir/ /age we see ,con/ance & ,sophia subject to ?is p>5tal rule4 ,!y take ca/or oil :5 !y are bidd54 ,!y d n leave ! h\se )\t ! sanction ( ,mrs4 ,ba9es4 ,!y mu/ n1 ne$less to say1 realise ! fact t m>riageable "y m5 are real facts4 ,!y mu/ pay att5tion to ! %op1 pres]v+ a prop] di/ance f ! assi/ants4 ,!y mu/ be c>eful t ,maggie1 ! s]vant1 does n ov]he> famili> conv]sations4 ,!y mu/ n g into ! draw+-room except on ,sunday aft]noons4 ,!y mu/ wait ^u ! p>alytic fa!r ) prop] punctilio4 ,& !y mu/ be quiet & att5tive :5 ,mrs4 ,ba9es is direct+ _! morals4 ,!n ,mr4 ,ba9es dies1 because ,sophia has be5 look+ out ( ! w9d[ at a da%+ comm]cial travell]2 & ,mr4 ,b5nett soliloquises3 ,john ,ba9es _h belong$ to ! pa/1 to ! age :5 m5 really did ?9k ( _! s\ls1 :5 orators by phrases c\ld move cr[ds to fury or to pity1 :5 no "o _h le>nt to hurry1 :5 ,demos 0 only turn+ 9 8 sleep1 :5 ! sole beauty ( life resid$ 9 its inflexible & sl[ dignity1 :5 hell really _h no bottom & a gilt-clasp$ ,bible really 0 ! secret ( ,engl&'s greatness4 ,mid-,victorian ,engl& lay on t mahogany b$4 ,ideals _h pass$ away ) ,john ,ba9es4 ,x is ?us t ideals die2 n 9 ! conv5tional pageantry ( hon\r$ dea?1 b sorrily1 ignobly1 :ile "o's head is turn$4 ,b ! g5]ation ( ! ,ba9eses does n give place easily2 x tries to %ut its e>s to ! knock+ at ! door1 insi/5tly z x may knock 9 ! :imsical1 ass]tive p]sonality ( ,sophia4 ,! romantic comm]cial travell] ^: fault x 0 t ,mr4 ,ba9es di$ a premature1 ?\gh1 sci5tifically speak+1 a belat$ dea?1 is ! symbol ( ! new influ5ce :i* ,mrs4 ,ba9es is too out-(-date to resi/4 ,sophia runs away ) ! comm]cial travell]1 makes him m>ry h]1 & is translat$ f ,! ,squ>e to ,p>is4 ,poor ,sophia6 ,%e is ! victim ( be+ half a g5]ation ahead ( h] "t1 a suffragette be=e x 0 an hon\r to be a m>tyr to ! cause4 ,b 9 ,con/ance ! old influ5ces are /rong]4 ,%e p]si/s l a piece ( old furniture :i* survives ! relic-hunt]s & ! brok]'s m54 ,%e m>ries t tru/$ s]vant1 ,mr4 ,povey1 :o has su* a head = inv5t+ tickets & labels & sign-bo>ds1 :o himself outdi/ances ,mr4 ,ba9es z railway tra9s outdi/ance /age coa*es1 & z a]oplanes w outdi/ance motor-c>s4 ,! m>ri$ c\ple naturally displace ,mrs4 ,ba9es1 & ,con/ance notices h] "m %ortly aft] ! honeymoon--,poor de>6 %e ?\ght1 ,i'm afraid %e's n :at %e 04 ,incr$ible t h] "m c\ld h ag$ 9 less ?an six weeks6 ,con/ance did n all[ = ! *emi/ry t _h be5 go+ on 9 h]self4 ,& s !y g on1 till ,mr4 ,povey is =ty next bir?day1 ?\gh1 de> innoc5t s\l1 he sc>cely notices x z we notice x tragically 9 ^! days ( quick liv+4 ,& ,con/ance buries h] "m1 & becomes engross$ 9 ,cyril1 h] son1 & sc>cely obs]ves h[ ! atmosph]e 9 ! ,pott]ies gets black] & black]1 & ! tra9s run ne>] & m frequ5tly1 & ! electric trams replace ! horse trams1 l9k+ up ! ,five ,t[ns ( ! ,di/rict4 ,& ,mr4 ,povey too gets buri$1 & ,con/ance's son goes to ,london1 & h] hair gr[s :ite1 & at la/--at la/ ,sophia comes back to live ) h] 9 ! old h\se 9 ! mod]n ,pott]ies4 ,& /ill ^? two old wom5 are liv+ !re toge!r4 ,i %all n dwell ^u ! c>e] ( ,sophia--:o has pursu$ h] life 9 ,p>is v wisely1 %rewdly1 circumspectly1 n to say comm]cially1 ?us %[+ h[ hone/ b\rgeois ance/ry c triumph ov] ! flightie/ ( mod]n temp]am5ts4 ,suffice x t %e is n[ an ag$ wid[1 a contempor>y ( ! ,crimean vet]ans1 liv+ to ?is day 9 com=table & old-maidi% sobriety 9 ! ,pott]ies1 h>dly consci\s ( ! fact t a]oplanes are an innovation4 ,x is ,mr4 ,b5nett1 n ! ,sophias1 :o makes u consci\s ( ! /range1 port5t\s progress ( evolution2 ( ! lapse ( "t2 ! *ang+ m9d ( man2 ! desp]ate love ( :at has be52 ! inevitabl5ess ( :at is to come1 ( :at is to replace u1 & put u1 too1 on ! %elf among outworn ?+s4 ,9 ,clayhang] & ,hilda ,lessways1 ! fir/ two books ( a trilogy :i*1 at ! "t :5 ,i write1 is /ill unf9i%$1 ,mr4 ,b5nett aga9 pres5ts ! process ( ! g5]ations1 b he has giv5 u a m int5se dramatic int]e/1 he has s+l$ out a few p]sons = m significant *>act]isation2 he has focuss$ 8 picture bett]1 conc5trat$ ! int]e/1 & produc$ emotional t5sion4 ,! reason :y ,pickwick reta9s its place z ! fir/ ( ,dick5s' novels is t x is almo/ ! only book he wrote :i* _h a really satisfactory h]o--an individual "*4 ,clayhang] has two su* p]sons--,edw91 & ,d>ius 8 fa!r1 z well z a doz5 or m ( int]e/+ subord9ate *>act]s4 ,!re are o!r ?+s ) :i* ,mr4 ,b5nett is conc]n$ 9 ?is book beside ! transition f y\? to old age1 f ,victorian to ,edw>dian4 ,b he does n let u =get ?is transition4 ,to ,edw91 ,d>ius 0 exactly ! same fa!r1 & = ,d>ius1 ,edw9 0 /ill ag$ sixte54 ,!y bo? ( !m w5t on liv+ on ! assumption t ! _w _h /ood /ill 9 ^? sev5 ye>s betwe5 #ahgc & #ahhj4 ,if !y _h be5 ask$ :at _h happ5$ dur+ ^? sev5 ye>s1 !y w\ld h answ]$1 ',oh1 no?+ p>ticul>4' ,ord9>y1 humdrum life1 an integral "p ( ! national life1 enact+ by sl[1 imp]ceptible *anges ! processes ( ! ,"t-,_s1 /ill occupies ,mr4 ,b5nett's att5tion4 ,he has aga9 trac$ = a score ( ye>s ! lives ( a gr\p ( p belong+ to ! ris51 well-to-d tradesman class 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,victorian era4 ,) ! successive cross-sections ( life :i* he draws = u he aga9 makes u look backw>ds & =w>ds to ! ,engl& ( ye/]day & ! ,engl& ( to-morr[3 ! ,engl& :i* has be5 revolutionis+ its conditions ( life once or twice 9 e g5]ation1 & has be5 giv+ its p]sons diff]5t food = ideas1 diff]5t /&>ds to act ^u1 diff]5t habits to con=m to or revolt aga9/3 p ^: p>5ts 7 nurtur$ 9 ! sweat$ atmosph]e ( factories be=e ! ,factory ,acts1 & ^: sons w be ! p ( #aiac4 ,he %[s u a :ole g5]ation ( p]sons :o1 liv+ ?r\gh ^! prodigi\s *anges & be+ ask$ :at has happ5$1 reply1 ,oh1 no?+ p>ticul>4 ,b ?\gh ! score ( p 9 ! ,pott]ies ) :om we are conc]n$ are b individually select$ f ! sw>m t is prov9cial ,engl&1 !y are none ! less int5sely individual4 ,d>ius ,clayhang]1 ! h]o's fa!r1 ! man :o has em]g$ f ! pit1 & by %e] ob/9acy 9 "w has made himself well (f ) 8 pr9t+ %op1 /&s out cle> z life ) all 8 idiosyncrasies4 ,h>d1 pla9-spok51 )\t consci\s ideals1 satisfi$ ) ! /atus quo 7s9ce ! ,corn ,laws 7 pass$71 unela/ic1 rel5tless1 he is yet capable ( bur/+ out emotionally 9 a mann] t displeases 8 m gu>d$ son4 ,we h memorable p]sons 9 ,big ,james1 ! =eman2 ,mr4 ,%u%ions1 ! ag$ ,primitive ,me?odi/2 ,aunt ,cl>a1 ! lady ^: bus9ess 9 life 0 tact2 ,mr4 ,orgreave1 ! ar*itect2 ,janet ,orgreave1 8 daught]2 & o!rs :o come famili>ly 9 & out4 ,all ( ^! p]sons :om ,i h m5tion$1 completely diff]5t z "o is f ano!r1 are none ! less normal prov9cial *>act]s4 ,!y h a natural place 9 ! ,five ,t[ns2 _! ambition does n /ret* out beyond ! f9ite limits ( ,bursley unless x be to ! mild ec/asies ( conv5tional religion or ! g5]\s aspiration :i* accompanies song4 ,b ! h]o1 ,edw9 ,clayhang]1 is some?+ diff]5t4 ,9 ! head ( ,edw9 ! boy a flame burnt t 0 l an alt>-fire4 ,b w\ld ! atmosph]e ( ! ,pott]ies be damp en\gh to qu5* t flame8 ,or did t flame burn int5sely en\gh to survive s t 8 _s %\ld rise out ( ! comm]ce1 ! r\t9e1 ! unaspir+ neighb\rly atmosph]e :i* is ! dull clay ( life8 ,he long$ to be an ar*itect4 ,he did n und]/& ar*itecture1 he 0 unaw>e ( its f9e/ possibilities1 b some?+ 9 him ak9 to ! art-impulse made him long to be an ar*itect4 ,b 8 fa!r /amp$ out t ambition4 ,he ent]$ 8 fa!r's works1 &1 h[ev] rebelli\s at he>t1 0 cont9ually submissive to 8 ov]ma/]+ w4 ,b once1 :5 ! r\t9e 0 settl+ d[n ^u him1 illum9$ only a little by vaguely direct$ read+1 8 s\l 0 bur/ out ( its environm5t by a passionate love :i* grew 9 a day2 :i* seem$ to w9 success2 b 0 ?w>t$ by ! woman :o1 )\t a ^w1 incompreh5sibly1 jilts him4 ,! ye>s pass on--,mr4 ,b5nett's transitions make u imag9e =lorn1 almo/ intol]able passages ( ye>s 9 :i* ! human s\l trudges /upidly & we>ily t[>ds dea?1 discuss+ muff9s & tea :il/ ! ,cosmos is plott+ upheavals = ! sole b5efit ( /upidity 9 ! mass--& ,edw91 suff]+ at 8 fa!r's h&s1 triumph+ ov] him 9 old age1 is becom+ an ord9>y inhabitant ( ,bursley1 work+1 re/+1 tak+ 8 ease4 ,sometimes ! sm\ld]+ flame bur/s out 9 him aga91 & he w\ld p]ceive t he _h be5 no?+1 a*iev$ no?+1 t he _h be5 a m]e sp5d?rift ( "t & ye>s4 ,& !re 0 he1 ,edw91 eat+ bacon & eggs opposite 8 si/] 9 ! humdrum d9+-room at ,bleakridge4 ,b ! flame breaks out once m4 ,art _h _h no *ance to claim him = its own1 & ,love _h *eat$ him4 ,b :5 he discov]s ,hilda1 & ,hilda's son1 & ,hilda's mis]y--,hilda1 ) h] passion = ,victor ,hugo1 oblig$ by circum/ances to poli% a brass door-plate surreptiti\sly at night6-) h]1 love1 passion1 pity1 int5sity ( liv+ come back to him4 ,x is int]e/+ to turn f ,clayhang] to ! /ory ( ,hilda ,lessways4 ,?is /ory has n q ! di/9ctive note :i* ,mr4 ,b5nett /ruck 9 ! two prec$+ novels4 ,:at we miss is1 fir/ ( all1 ! local col\r :i* is ! au?or's speciality1 mo/ ( ! sc5es be+ laid 9 ,brighton or ,london2 & second1 t deta*$ mann] :i* enabl$ ,mr4 ,b5nett to pres5t 8 p]sons z if he 7 himself indiff]5t to _! fate1 ) ! result t !y /& or fall entirely on _! own m]its4 ,"h we feel t he is a p>tisan4 ,he has tak5 up ,hilda's case4 ,he is evid5tly prep>$ to *ampion h] aga9/ all ! _w4 ,h5ce ! v fem99ity ( ! h]o9e :i* he has s clev]ly creat$1 to "s ext5t col\rs ! book itself1 z if by a k9d ( sympa?y betwe5 au?or & h]o9e4 ,! p]f]vid woman has sometimes communicat$ too mu* ( h] f]v\r to ! v language ( ! au?or4 ,b 9 o!r respects ! book %[s an advance 9 ,mr4 ,b5nett's art4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 8 life he has resi/$ ! temptation to ov]:elm u ) ! weal? ( inv5tion :i* 8 f]tile m9d is busy ^u4 ,he has prun$ away ! uness5tial details4 ,he has cut away ! delightful b irrelevant details :i* ev5 9 ,! ,old ,wives' ,tale & 9 ,clayhang] ?reat5$ to %att] ! p]spective2 & has conc5trat$ on ! matt] 9 h& ) enorm\s advantage to ! dramatic %>pness & di/9ctness ( 8 /ory4 ,he has made a fur!r ga9 9 int5sity by us+ ! /ory ( ,clayhang] z a backgr\nd to ! pres5t /ory4 ,! te*nical difficulty 9 all creative lit]ature is a difficulty ( language & symbols--! difficulty ( s speak+ to ! read] t he may see moods1 mom5ts1 situations1 concurr5ces ( life & =ces ( passion 9 ! f9e1 dry1 int5se light 9 :i* ! au?or has se5 !m4 ,t is ! inf9ite difficulty ( all lit]ature--to f9d a language & to create an atmosph]e :i* may become famili> to ! read] )\t becom+ commonplace4 ,h[ mu* d we ga9 9 ! read+ ( ,%akespe>e by ! fact t f ! %e] poetry ( ! ?+ we h be5 compell$ to read him a score ( times6 ,h[ fully ! ,greek dramati/s und]/ood t to be in/antly appreciat$ !y mu/ deal ) /ories e detail ( :i* 0 /or$ ) fri5dly associations = ! audi5ce6 ,mr4 ,b5nett elicits some?+ ( ?is effect ( ! m>vell\s f ! famili> by putt+ ! life-/ory ( ,hilda ,lessways on a =egr\nd beh9d :i* lies ! already famili> /ory ( ,edw9 ,clayhang]4 ,we rememb] ,clayhang] liv+ 9 ! pr9t+ %op 9 ! ,pott]ies2 8 unc\?ness1 8 %yness1 8 p]t9acity2 8 desire to be an ar*itect & to live ! imag9ative life1 ?w>t$ by 8 grim old fa!r2 & ! mann] 9 :i* ,hilda dawn$ ^u him1 ent]$ into 8 exp]i5ce 9 a brief rapture ( passion1 & disappe>$1 leav+ ,clayhang] to grope aga9 ) ! commonplaces4 ,& 9 ?is new /ory we see ! life ( ! girl1 ! woman2 %e1 too1 grop+ among ! commonplaces1 ) h] he>t set ^u a wid] exp]i5ce1 till a mom5t comes :5 h] /ory co9cides ) & is complem5t>y to t ( ,clayhang]4 ,! spee*es :i* we he>d h] make 9 ! e>li] /ory are he>d aga9 "h1 ) great] compreh5sion2 ! app>5tly trifl+ words :i* fell f ! lips ( ,clayhang]1 sc>cely he$$1 are he>d aga9 n[1 & he>d z !y s\nd$ to ,hilda1 grasp+ aft] a purpose & a fulfilm5t ( h]self4 ,mr4 ,b5nett has endeav\r$ to exam9e ! m9d & he>t ( ?is woman f ! inside4 ,:e!r ! ma*9]y ( ! emotions1 ! w1 & ! intellect really d "w out j l ?is is a matt] h>d] = a man to decide ?an = a woman2 b to me ,mr4 ,b5nett's acc\nt seems plausible4 ,:at is ma9ly important is t ,hilda1 :e!r %e is psy*ologically true to life or n1 is1 at any rate1 a conceivable p]son4 ,%e is pres5t$ z "o m example ( ! _s too l>ge = its habitation4 ,coop$ up ) h] "m 9 a little h\se 9 ! ,five ,t[ns1 %e 0 9 tr\ble n ! less acute because ! tr\ble 0 t %e want$ %e knew n :at4 ,hilda1 matur+1 /eadfa/1 ideali/ic1 ) a desp]ate read9ess to live ?r\gh ! inf]ior ?+s ( life if %e c\ld n n[ grasp ! be/1 ) a vitality :i* enables h] to em]ge aga9 & aga9 f trag$y t = mo/ p w\ld be f9al1 is a contra/ to h] r futile1 fussy1 m]ely exp]i5c$ "m4 ,hilda fl+s h]self into ! "w ( a prov9cial newspap] (fice ) ! ard\r ( h] idealism4 ,"h 0 some?+ %e _h set h] m9d on1 & ! practical que/ 0 a religi\s passion1 tragic 9 its way because ! real result ( ! "w 0 s paltry & sordid4 ,:at 0 %e8 ,no?+ b a cl]k at a comm5c+ sal>y ( fifte5 %ill+s p] week6 ,ah6 b %e 0 a prie/ess6 ,%e _h a vocation :i* 0 unsoil$ by ! economic excuse4 ,%e 0 a pione]4 ,no "y woman _h ev] done :at %e 0 do+4 ,%e 0 ! only girl 9 ! ,five ,t[ns :o knew %or?&4 ,& ,mr4 ,b5nett succe$s 9 int]e/+ u 9 ! ambiti\s1 speculative ,cannon ma9ly by reason ( ! pa!tically inadequate objects on :i* he lavi%es ! passion ( 8 en]gies & 8 ideals--on a newspap]1 a corrupt ?+--on a bo>d+-h\se1 a c5tre ( triviality4 ,& ,miss ,gailey1 ^: he>t is set on h] hot-wat] bottle & h] cup ( tea1 & ! eas+ ( h] rheumatism1 int]e/s u pr(\ndly1 because x is su* dea?-9-life :i* may prove tragically de/ructive to ! asc5dant nature ( a ,hilda4 ,mr4 ,b5nett is n afraid ( ! drab side ( life4 ,b he nev] %[s peevi%ness on ! "o side nor bloodless romanticism on ! o!r4 ,he sees ?is drab side1 & he sees ! passion ( life--! aspir+ human always try+ to be m ?an x is1 or c be1 9 "s desp]ate1 fooli% way4 ,?is is ! trag$y & ! hopefulness ( trag$y :i* ,mr4 ,b5nett has grasp$4 ,to possess a ke5 faculty ( obs]vation by :i* to pres5t life exactly & reali/ically1 & at ! same "t to re-imag9e ^! facts s t ! vividness1 ! int5sity1 ! pitiful passion ( life are :at we ma9ly rememb]--to comb9e ^! two qualities z ,mr4 ,b5nett comb9es !m is to hold a unique position 9 contempor>y lit]ature4 ,,iv ,,gilb]t ,,*e/]ton ,x has (t5 be5 po9t$ out t ! intellectuals--! p ^: bus9ess x is to =mulate op9ions 9 ,p>liam5t1 ,press1 & ,pulpit--are n really express+ public op9ion2 !y are only express+ ! op9ion ( ! intellectuals4 ,p]haps x w\ld be ne>] ! m>k to say t e civilis$ or semi-civilis$ human be+ may be divid$ into two p]sons1 ! "o an individual :o *ooses1 walks1 eats1 feels1 & imag9es 9 a private & p]sonal way2 ! o!r a sort ( (ficial p]son :o regi/]s =mal op9ions :5 call$ ^u to d s4 ,! latt] corresponds to ! intellectual1 & is ! dom9ant elem5t 9 ! s\ls ( ! rul+ classes2 :il/ ! =m]--! in/9ctive1 ! spontane\s1 ! common-s5se elem5t--dom9ates ! man 9 ! /reet4 ,x w\ld n be f> wrong to describe ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's philosophy z a sort ( sublimat$ public op9ion m9us ! op9ion ( ! intellectuals4 ,to get at :at ,i mean ,i mu/ = ! mom5t ask ! read] to ?9k ( ,mr4 ,*e/]ton z an ab/raction4 ,let him conceive an ,engli%man1 unlike any exi/+ ,engli%man1 :o has nev] he>d ( ,d>w9 or ,sp5c]2 :o has nev] be5 impregnat$ ) ! !ory ( induction or analytical psy*ology2 an ,engli%man :o has nev] read or he>d ( ,macaulay1 ,fr\de1 ,c>lyle1 ,rusk91 ,bagehot1 ,mill1 ,seeley1 or ,mr4 ,fr$]ic ,h>rison2 :o has read none ( ! poets s9ce ,milton2 :o has nev] be5 ask$ to consid] ! ,re=m ,bill or ! ,education ,bill1 ! ,ox=d ,movem5t or ! /hetic ,movem5t1 ,realism or ,impressionism1 ,non-,resi/ance or ! ,w to ,p[]1 ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw or ,mr4 ,aylm] ,maude1 ! ,primrose ,league or ! ,lab\r ,p>ty1 ,mr4 ,yeats or ev5 ,mr4 ,o',f9nigan4 ,let u imag9e t ?is agreeable ab/raction is 9 ! habit ( mov+ ab\t among o!r ab/ractions l himself2 t he kn[s a horse :5 he sees x 7ev5 if he _c ride x72 t he is accu/om$ to hospitable inn-p>l\rs :]e y may discuss any philosophy s long z x is n a sy/em2 t he has a *ivalr\s admiration = wom52 t he likes sun%9e & adores ! moon2 t he believes 9 ,god1 ! respectability ( wives1 ballad poetry1 good fell[%ip1 & good w9e4 ,& n[1 hav+ /ripp$ ,mr4 ,*e/]ton s t he is no long] ev5 an att5uat$ gho/ ( himself1 let u re-clo! him & pres5t him dec5t & z he is4 ,we mu/ imag9e ?is ab/ract$ p]sonage1 ignorant & !re=e unbiass$1 sudd5ly introduc$ to all ! le>n$ j>gon ( ! day4 ,he /ill reta9s 8 simple views ab\t ?+s out ( date1 & is call$ ^u to pron\nce views ^u entirely new matt]s--ari/ocracy & democracy1 religion & scepticism1 art & morality1 ,tol/oy & ,nietzs*e4 ,a welt] ( odd ideas & deliri\s fanaticisms is sudd5ly sprung ^u 8 simple consci\sness4 ,he f9ds all ! intellectual circles 9 ,engl& work+ !mselves into a fury ab\t ideas1 factiti\s ideas1 :i* positively did n exi/ = him :5 he 0 a happy ab/raction4 ,naturally1 9 8 brief visit to ! unab/ract$ _w he has n "t to /udy 9 detail all ! philosophies :i* h be5 inv5t$ = ! purpose ( debate4 ,b he goes r\nd f circle to circle1 li/5s to ?is argum5t & to t1 notices ! effect :i* ! v>i\s philosophies h ^u ! *>act]s ( _! expon5ts1 & himself ent]s into ! fun ( debate z if he _h nev] be5 an ab/raction at all4 ,he accepts ! t]m9ology :i* he f9ds ready made1 b ( c\rse uses x 9 8 own way--he is obvi\sly unable to take any?+ = grant$ l ! p :o h always be5 intellectuals4 ,he cont9ually comes across que] v]bal usages1 & feels b\nd to decl>e t :at we call free-?9k+ is n :at we call free2 t :at we call c]ta9ties are also :at we call unc]ta92 t ari/ocrats are un>i/ocratic2 t d\bt]s are dogmati/s2 & t tradition is an ext5sion ( ! fran*ise4 ,& !n ! _w1 hav+ nev] be5 out ( its own g5]ation1 hav+ nev] be5 any?+ s %ock+ z an ab/raction1 dismisses ,mr4 ,*e/]ton ) ! smil+ rem>k t he is1 aft] all1 a brilliant writ] ( p>adoxes4 ,let u = a mom5t put aside our own intellectual prejudices1 our preconceptions1 & foll[ ,mr4 ,*e/]ton along 8 pa? ( common s5se4 ,he himself1 9 8 book on ,or?odoxy1 ?r[s ov] ! intellectuals4 ,x is n t he refutes !m--t w\ld be a d5ial ( 8 own me?od2 nor t he has completely /udi$ !m--t w\ld be a d5ial ( 8 own "*2 b he does %[ u :at havoc _! me?ods may "w ^u ! m9d1 :at an ov]?r[ ( our workaday notions1 our mo/ vivid & ke5 impressions4 ,if all ! ?+s t we seem to "k ! be/1 ! emotions mo/ natural to m5 fight+ peoples or pr\d mo!rs1 or fir/ love or fe> ^u ! sea--if all ^! ?+s /& = no?+1 if !y are n to be ?\ght ab\t by our philosoph]s1 :at h we got left8 ,! cosmos8 ,! cosmos is ab\t ! smalle/ hole t a man c hide 8 head 94 ,he f9ds t ! great popul> ?9k]s--& x is "r t he1 a pot5t popul> writ]1 %\ld conc]n himself ) ^! r ?an ) ! sy/ematic philosoph]s :o obs]ve conv5tions incompreh5sible to ! common m9d--are ea* & all ( !m prone to foll[ exclusively "s /range b5t ( ?\ght1 lead+ by pure reason to "o ( ^? awful conclusions :i* t5d to make a man lose 8 wits3 ,tol/oy1 = in/ance1 rea*+ an un?9kable doctr9e ( self-sacrifice1 ,nietzs*e an equally un?9kable doctr9e ( egoism1 ,ibs51 ,haeckel1 ,mr4 ,%aw1 ,mr4 ,mc,cabe--t nev]-to-be-=gott5 ,mr4 ,mc,cabe--ea* ( !m by %e] =ce ( logic betray$ into insanity4 ,j z ,i am affect$ by ! maniac1 s ,i am affect$ by mo/ mod]n ?9k]s4 ,t unmi/akable mood or note t ,i he> f ,hanwell1 ,i he> also f half ! *airs ( sci5ce & seats ( le>n+ to-day2 & mo/ ( ! mad doctors are mad doctors 9 m s5ses ?an "o4 ,!y all h exactly t comb9ation we h not$2 ! comb9ation ( "o expansive & exhau/ive reason ) a contract$ common s5se4 ,!y are univ]sal only 9 ! s5se t !y take "o ?9 explanation & c>ry x v f>4 ,b a patt]n c /ret* = ev] & /ill be a small patt]n4 ,!y see a *ess-bo>d :ite on black1 & if ! univ]se is pav$ ) x1 x is /ill :ite on black4 ,l ! lunatic1 !y _c alt] _! /&po9t1 !y _c make a m5tal ef=t & sudd5ly see x black on :ite4 ,madness1 he says1 is reason us$ )\t root1 reason 9 ! void4 ,madness may be def9$ z us+ m5tal activity s z to rea* m5tal helplessness4 ,= he notes h[ "s ( ! rationali/s1 9 d\bt+ ev]y?+1 h ca/ d\bt ev5 on ! validity ( ?\ght4 ,! complete sceptic says1 ,i h no "r to ?9k = myself4 ,i h no "r to ?9k at all4 ,! intellect has de/roy$1 b has n con/ruct$2 !re is no proposition :i* is n d\bt$1 no ideal :i* is n an object ( attack2 !re is no rebel :o has a sure fai? 9 8 own revolt1 no fanatic except ! fanatic ab\t no?+4 ,:]e are ! common ?+s--! ?+s we us$ to "k & c>e ab\t--! self-contradictory ?+s if y l1 b ! realities--! ?+s :i* make m5 kill _! enemies1 g gladly to ! /ake1 or %ut !mselves 9 a h]mitage8 ,all ^! are ?+s :i*1 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton ?9ks1 ! intellectual is will+ to ?r[ ov]bo>d at ! bidd+ ( intellect4 ,b he w\ld r ?r[ ov] intellectualism4 ,he pref]s to abide by ! te/ ( ! imag9ation1 ! te/ ( fairyl&4 ,! only words t ev] satisfi$ me z describ+ ,nature are ! t]ms us$ 9 ! fairy books1 '*>m1' 'spell1' 'en*antm5t4' ,!y express ! arbitr>9ess ( ! fact & its my/]y4 ,a tree gr[s fruit because x is a magic tree4 ,wat] runs d[n-hill because x is bewit*$4 ,! s-call$ laws ( nature are n "o :it less my/]i\s because ( _! uni=mity4 ,& aga93 ,x is suppos$ t if a ?+ goes on repeat+ itself x is probably dead2 a piece ( clock-"w4 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton supposes exactly ! opposite4 ,because *ildr5 h ab\nd+ vitality1 because !y are 9 _s fi]ce & free1 !re=e !y want ?+s repeat$ & un*ang$4 ,!y always say1 ',d x aga92' & ! gr[n-up p]son does x aga9 until he is ne>ly dead4 ,= gr[n-up p are n /rong en\gh to exult 9 monotony4 ,b p]haps ,god is /rong en\gh to exult 9 monotony4 ,x is possible t ,god says e morn+1 ',d x aga9' to ! sun1 & e ev5+1 ',d x aga9' to ! moon4444 ,repetition may g on = millions ( ye>s1 by m]e *oice1 & at any in/ant x may /op4 ,is n ?is1 someone w say1 only ! ,religio ,m$ici ov] aga98 ,is x n m ?an two & a half c5turies s9ce ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne said3 ,t !re 0 a deluge once seems n to me s great a miracle z t !re is n "o always2 & :]e ,i _c satisfy my reason1 ,i love to hum\r my fancy2 & ,i c answ] all ! objections ( ,satan & e rebelli\s reason1 ) t odd resolution ,i le>n$ ( ,t]tullian1 ,c]tum e/ quia impossibile e/8 ,yes1 x has all be5 express$ 9 ! ,religio2 b x is no small matt] t1 9 spite ( ,sp5c]1 ,k>l ,m>x1 ,nietzs*e1 & ,mr4 ,sidney ,webb1 !re %\ld /ill be a mod]n & a popul> way ( us+ ! ?\ghts ( ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne4 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton has be5 driv5 into ?is app>5t reaction by ! sci5tific ?9k]s to :om he 0 introduc$ ) ! scantie/ prep>ation4 ,x 0 ,huxley & ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,bradlaugh :o br\ght me back to ,or?odox !ology4 ,8 sup]naturalism1 :i* he id5tifies ) or?odox ,*ri/ianity1 ,i %\ld pref] to call ! ,romance ( ,*ri/ianity--,romance imply+ n falsity1 b ! desirable & ! ideal4 ,he delib]ately takes t :i* he & o!r p admire or want z ! /&>d ( tru?4 ,i want to love my neighb\r n because he is ,i1 b precisely because he is n ,i4 ,! he>t ( humanity1 especially ( ,european humanity1 is c]ta9ly mu* m satisfi$ by ! /range h9ts & symbols t ga!r r\nd ! ,tr9it>ian idea1 ! image ( a c\ncil at :i* m]cy pleads z well z ju/ice4444 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton def5ds :at he calls ,*ri/ianity n s mu* on ! gr\nd t x is cr$ible1 b on ! gr\nd t x is satisfy+1 t x is agreeable4 ,i say :at he calls ,*ri/ianity1 = 8 argum5t is prone to fall into a vici\s circle2 he arbitr>ily calls all t is satisfy+ to him by ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x endorses1 he says1 a fir/ loyalty to ?+s & enjo9s ! re=m ( ?+s2 x comm&s a man n only to look inw>ds1 b to look outw>ds4 ,god is a "p ( ! cosmos1 & yet he is di/9ct f x & f u1 or we c\ld n wor%ip him4 ,*ri/ianity comm&s u to desire to live1 & x comm&s u to be glad to die 7& ?is contradiction1 he says1 l all ! o!rs1 is human1 j z ! virtue ( c\rage is human2 = does n c\rage mean a /rong desire to live tak+ ! =m ( a read9ess to die874 ,x is aga9/ compromise1 aga9/ ! dilution ( two ?+s nei!r ( :i* is pres5t 9 its full /r5g? or contributes its full col\r2 x endorses ! extremes ( pride & humility1 ang] & love1 m]cy & sev]ity4 ,x is full-blood$1 all[+ place = e human emotion1 direct+ ang] aga9/ ! crime1 & love t[>ds ! crim9al4 ,& he draws a fanciful & grotesque picture ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* z a heav5ly *>iot :irl+ ?r\gh ! ages fi]ce & fa/ ) any w>-horse1 sw]v+ to left & "r1 s z exactly to avoid enorm\s ob/acles4 ,i %all n exam9e ?is fanciful picture4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* may h indulg$ e extreme 9 human life1 b ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,bible takes sides m def9itely4 ,& z = ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 embrac+ z x did s _m seem+ly contradictory elem5ts1 x is nev]!less true t at "o "t x fail$ to satisfy human nature because x 0 too ascetic1 & at ano!r "t x caus$ bloody revolt because x 0 worldly & luxuri\s4 ,i ne$ n pursue ?is "q1 = ! or?odoxy :i* ,mr4 ,*e/]ton def5ds is n ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es4 ,at fir/ sight x seems to be an>*y modifi$ by my/icism & fri5d%ip = p]sons4 ,b x is m ?an t4 ,negatively x is a prote/ aga9/ false culture & cant1 & we _c fail to see t x is at ! same "t a prote/ aga9/ t virtue :i* is ! pr$ecessor ( false culture--! incessant1 ardu\s ef=t to seek tru? ) ! help ( ! intellect & ! reason4 ,positively1 x *ampions ! spiritual p]ceptions on ! "o h&1 & ! physical s5sations on ! o!r--! excell5ces ( ! manifold activities ( ! human body & s\l4 ,bo? 9 8 view provide ! prop] av5ues ( tru?4 ,e spiritual emotion & e animal passion are 9 !mselves good & excell5t4 ,= him ! /ruggle ( life resolves itself into a romantic game1 ) immortality z its conclusion4 ,! "o discipl9e :i* he upholds1 ! only precept he has really tak5 f ,*ri/ianity1 is t aris+ f love = y\r neighb\r4 ,t unnamable quality 9 life :i* 9 e deep] feel+ & e ke5 p]ception lights ! _s & *>ges x ) intuitive k is 9 8 philosophy ! love ( ,god & ! s\rce ( ! love = p]sons4 ,v ,,"s ,,mod]n ,,poets ,a few ye>s ago x 0 ! fa%ion to lam5t ! de>? ( promis+ au?ors1 especially poets4 ,b s9ce !n we h assur$ ourselves t we are /ill1 aft] all1 a poetical p4 ,! reproa* aga9/ ! age 0 tak5 z a *all5ge by doz5s ( "y adv5tur]s1 :o resolv$ to prove 9 _! own p]sons t ! tw5tie? c5tury 0 n )\t poets4 ,t9y volumes ( v]se flutt]$ =? f ! press4 ,poetry ,societies 7 />t$1 & ,poetry ,reviews1 & m5 & wom5 met 9 ! d>k5$ hall ( ,clif=d's ,inn to he> ,mr4 ,/urge ,moore declaim sonor\s v]ses4 ,publi%]s began to adv]tise new g5ius1 & review]s began to att5d to poetry z if x 7 really a s]i\s bus9ess4 ,! op5+ pages ( ,! ,engli% ,review 7 devot$ to poems :i* seem$ to be appreciat$ 9 proportion to _! ev]-increas+ l5g?4 ,mr4 ,john ,masefield _h a success su* z _h be5 atta9$ by no poet s9ce ,/eph5 ,phillips 9 8 prime4 ,x is true t ,mr4 ,w4,h4 ,davies might h />v$ if he _h n receiv$ a ,gov]nm5t p5sion2 t ,mr4 ,yeats--,i believe ,i am "r--nev] ent]ta9$ ! idea ( support+ himself by poetry2 t ,mr4 ,d\ghty has n s mu* z be5 he>d ( by "o ,engli%man 9 a ?\s&4 ,nev]!less1 poetry has n[ become a m5tionable subject 9 dec5t society2 & x is no long] synonym\s ) ,t5nyson or ,mr4 ,kipl+4 ,x has become a mod]n ?+1 l5d+ itself to new exp]im5ts1 a possible vehicle = new ideas1 a means ev5 ( becom+ notori\s on a gr& scale4 ,b be=e consid]+ "s ( ^! y\ng] au?ors :o repres5t new] phases 9 poetry ,i %\ld l to dwell a little ^u ! "w ( an eld]--"o :o is n by any means s exquisite a poet z ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bridges1 :o _c comp>e 9 creative vig\r ) ! great] poets :o 7 contempor>y ) him1 nor ) 8 junior1 ,mr4 ,w4,b4 ,yeats--b int]e/+ = purposes ( comp>ison because 8 poetry1 ev5 8 q rec5t poetry1 has 9 x ! r+ ( a pa/ age1 ( a poetic ideal to :i* we are n likely to return 9 ?is c5tury4 ,i allude to ,mr4 ,edmund ,gosse1 :om we all ?9k ( z a di/+ui%$ /ud5t & critic ( lit]ature1 b x is v seldom t we he> any allusion to 8 poetical "w4 ,anyone :o has ! pati5ce to turn ov] ^! pages1 he says 9 ! ,preface to 8 ,collect$ ,poems1 w n ne$ to be told t ! voice is n ( #aiaa--;x is ( #ahgb1 or ( a /ill e>li] date--s9ce my te*nique 0 det]m9$ m ?an =ty ye>s ago1 & :at x 0 x has rema9$4 ,:5 fir/ ,i read ^! words !y s\nd$ /rangely to me4 ,x 0 only ! o!r day t he began to edit a di/+ui%$ lit]>y page = a daily pap]4 ,/ill m rec5tly ,i he>d him speak+ on a public plat=m4 ,8 activity does n seem to be a ?+ ( ye/]day1 & x 0 he :o wrote ! mo/ intimate &1 p]haps1 ! mo/ int]e/+ biographical /udy ( rec5t ye>s2 z editor & critic he is /ill among/ active liv+ writ]s4 ,9 read+ 8 lat] poems we c see h[ ke5 is 8 desire to reta9 s5sibility to ! full1 n to become /]eotyp$ by ! pa/1 or bl9d to ! new] beauties4 ,he is consci\s ( ! passage ( ! ,"t-,_s & ! *ang$ ways ( m51 & ! passionate desire ( all vital m9ds to be fully p]cipi5t to ! la/4 ,s1 if ,i pray = l5g? ( days1 ,x is n 9 ! b>r5 pride ,t looks beh9d itself1 & says1 ,! ,pa/ alone is deifi$6 ,nay1 humbly1 %r9k+ly1 9 dread ,( fires too spl5did to be borne-- ,9 expectation le/ my head ,be f its ,orphic %\ld]s torn-- ,i wait1 till1 d[n ! ea/]n sky1 ,muses1 l ,ma5ads 9 a ?rong1 ,sweep my decay$ traditions by1 ,9 />tl+ tunes ( unkn[n song4 ,9 ! #cej pages ( ! ,collect$ ,poems !re is no?+ :i* 7 bett] omitt$4 ,ev5 ! m]e lit]>y exp]im5ts1 ! rondeaus1 ! se/9as--! lit]>y jokes 9 :i* e poet indulges--are neatly turn$4 ,mr4 ,gosse has attempt$1 & succe$$ )1 a great v>iety ( metres4 ,8 diction is almo/ unfail+ly good2 inde$1 x is ! v regul>ity & faultlessness ( 8 v]se t sometimes j>s4 ,x is ! "w ( a man _m-sid$ 9 8 nature1 _m-sid$ 9 8 moods4 ,he c f9d himself 9 ! atmosph]e ( a ,col]idge1 a ,wordswor?1 a ,keats1 a ,rossetti1 a ,brang]1 & (t5 8 =m ins5sibly glides into t ( ! precursor ^: _s he = ! mom5t assimilates4 ,he is by no means a m]e imitator4 ,8 feel+ is 8 own2 b 8 g5ius seems to be r assimilative ?an /rictly creative4 ,scores ( 8 poems h ! beauty & ! value ( ! lit]ature writt5 by ! great poets1 :5 !y 7 n 9 _! greate/ moods4 ,& p]haps x is precisely ! _m-sid$ness ( ,mr4 ,gosse's ta/es & int]e/s :i* has left him s few decisive poetic successes4 ,he has rang$ ?r\gh lit]ature ) a ca?olic ta/e4 ,he has help$ to create reputations--! reputations1 = in/ance1 ( ,ibs5 & ,/ev5son4 ,!re h be5 _m calls ^u 8 lit]>y in/9ct1 & x is n surpris+ t ! mo/ uni=mly successful ( 8 poems are ^? 9 praise ( ! great m5 ( lett]s :om1 ) 8 faculty = fri5d%ip1 he made 8 fri5ds4 ,9 ! poems on ^! m5--,ibs51 ,rusk91 ,/ev5son1 ,h5ry ,sidgwick1 ,rossetti1 & unnam$ fri5ds :o h dep>t$--!re is dignity1 f95ess1 & ! pa?os ( a regret = t :i* he %>$ ) !m1 ?\gh he lack$ ! p[]1 or m probably ! opportunity1 fully to express x4 ,b n 9 va9 b5ea? ?is l(ty %ade ,i danc$ a:ile1 frail play?+ ( ! seas2 ,unfit to brave ! ampl] ma9 ) ^!2 ,yet1 by ! in/9ct :i* _! s\ls obey$1 ,less /eadfa/1 o'er ! trackless wave ,i /ray$1 ,& foll[ /ill _! vani%+ tre/le-trees4 ,! beauties ( lit]ature1 ( _m k9ds & 9 _m languages1 ! feel+ & p]ception ( fri5d%ip1 nature1 & ! :ole life-process ?r\gh :i* m5 pass to a gre5 memory or to oblivion--^! are to be f\nd "h1 ! full-bodi$ expression ( a p]sonality--= poetry is t1 or no?+4 ,x is no defect 9 x t x is ( #ahgb--t !re is a c]ta9 =mality1 a k9d ( au/]ity1 ev51 9 its flippancies4 ,x is m$itative poetry4 ,x is poetry :i* is ess5tially conc]n$ ) ! emotions1 ! fancies1 or ! reflections1 ! v p]sonal & seclud$ reflections1 ( a m9d /ill conc]n$ ab\t ! private ways ( ! _s4 ,! emotions1 ! op]ations ( ! m9d1 & ! objective ?+s ( life--!y are ! conc]n ( ,mr4 ,gosse z !y 7 ! conc]n ( ,t5nyson1 ,br[n+1 ,arnold1 ,morris1 & _m poets be=e !m4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! m5 ( t age adh]$ to ! traditions ( poetry1 :e!r !y 7 romantic or classical4 ,at any rate on ! =mal side mo/ ( !m--,br[n+ is an exception--rema9$ fai?ful to ! accept$ types4 ,on ! inn] side x 0 an age :i* 0 mu* conc]n$ ab\t its s\l1 ab\t nature1 & ab\t p]sons--yes1 ab\t p]sons4 ,:atev] we may ?9k ab\t ! ,victorian age1 f its lit]ature at lea/ we %\ld conclude t x 0 an age :5 m5 valu$ fri5d%ips4 ,& s its be/ poetry 0 ess5tially emotional1 p]sonal & subjective4 ,n[ ,i d n sugge/ t 9 ! poetry ( our y\ng] m5 !re is em]g+ a s+le new type ) a few di/9ctive *>act]i/ics :i* c be contra/$ ) ,victorian poetry4 ,on ! contr>y1 if !re is any?+ :i* we %\ld p>ticul>ly rem>k1 x is ! abs5ce ( su* typical traits1 x is ! extraord9>y div]sity ( type2 m5 are exp]im5t+ ) v]se1 attempt+ to revive old =ms & inv5t new1 to re/ore ! _s ( antiquity or to ride abrea/ ( ! practical _s ( ! "t4 ,m5 l ,mr4 ,w4,b4 ,yeats & ,a4,e4 s\ght to unite ! anci5t &1 z !y believ$1 ess5tial ,iri% _s ) ! _s :i* is manife/$ ?r\gh\t ! /ream ( ,engli% lyrical poetry4 ,9 ,mr4 ,yeats !re 0 m romanticism ?an he w\ld c>e to admit1 ?\gh ! ,elizabe?an ideal :i* he *]i%$ & 8 own p[] ( conc5tration did mu* to subdue & *a/5 ! insubord9ate1 vaguely aspir+ _s :i* 9 less] ,celtic poets turns to fro?1 ) no und]curr5t ( human tru? to give significance to its flaky beauty4 ,fiona ,macleod is ! classic in/ance ( ?is fro?y ,celtic _s :i* is un/ay$ by human tru? or relevance to life2 & !re is mu* ( ?is 9 contempor>y ,iri% poetry4 ,mr4 ,yeats is n :olly free f x1 b he 0 consci\s ( ! evil t5d5cy1 & subdu$ x1 & ! body ( f9e poetry :i* /&s to 8 "n1 tak5 z a :ole1 is unequall$ = cl>ity1 feel+1 beauty & felicity ( expression by any l>ge body ( poetry /&+ to ! "n ( any o!r liv+ poet4 ,b ! ,"t-,_s is active1 or fickle p]haps1 & ,mr4 ,yeats has already almo/ ceas$ to be a q mod]n poet4 ,he1 l ,mr4 ,gosse1 =m$ 8 te*nique 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & ! tw5tie? c5tury is ca/+ ab\t ) fev]i% en]gy = a new te*nique & new ?+s to express4 ,mr4 ,william ,watson belongs q z mu* to ! pa/ z does ,mr4 ,gosse1 ?\gh x might be said ( him t he c\ld belong to any age t knew its ,milton & its ,wordswor?4 ,9 him assur$ly !re 0 no attempt at inv5tiv5ess2 he has always repudiat$ ! idea t ! poet %\ld seek to innovate4 ,he /&s = au/]ity & discipl9e 9 ?\ght1 /yle1 & diction1 = a f9e exactness :i* 9 8 case 0 compatible ) ! old passion = ! idea ( fre$om no less ?an ) t private1 self-commun+ _s :i* ! ,victorians lov$ to express4 ,su* a poet z ,mr4 ,maurice ,hewlett1 antiqu>ian z he (t5 is 9 ! subjects he treats1 is mu* m mod]n 9 _s4 ,9 /yle & te*nique he is "o ( ^? :o h gone back1 z m5 = f\r c5turies h con/antly gone back1 to ! mann] ( ! anci5t ,greeks4 ,j z t clev] exp]im5t] 9 v]se1 ,mr4 ,ezra ,p\nd1 has creat$ some?+ ( an effect by repeat+ ! v metres1 melodies1 & mann]isms ( ! ,prov5al tr\bad\rs1 s ,mr4 ,hewlett1 modell+ 8 /yle ^u ! f> f9] ,greek orig9als1 produc$ an effect :i* 0 bett] ?an ,mr4 ,p\nd's 9 proportion z ! ,greek trag$ians are sup]ior to ! tr\bad\rs4 ,9 8 execution he has really recaptur$ mu* ( ! mann] ( ! great ,greek trag$ians4 ,9 ,! ,dea? ( ,hippolytus !re is some?+ ( ! alo(ness1 ! bli!ness1 ! ?ru/ ( phrases1 ! grimness1 ! s$at5ess :i* we associate ) ,greek drama4 ,if he has little ( ! passion or flu5cy ( ,sw9burne1 he has "s ( 8 phrase-mak+ skill1 & he is free f t rhy?mical lilt :i* 9 ,sw9burne 0 (t5 excessive4 ,we %all nev] be c>ri$ away z by ! music ( ,atalanta 9 ,calydon1 b we are (t5 arre/$ by grim e*oes f ! actual ,greek1 apt translations1 z !y might be1 f an exi/+ orig9al4 ,b ?\gh ,mr4 ,hewlett has be5 clev] en\gh to adapt ! te*nique ( ,greek poets to 8 own purpose 9 poetical drama1 nev]!less 9 8 treatm5t ( subject1 9 ?\ght & feel+1 we may see1 r by 8 defects ?an by 8 excell5ces1 h[ entirely mod]n he is4 ,9 ,m9os1 ,k+ ( ,crete1 ! fir/ play 9 8 trilogy ,! ,agoni/s1 we may f9d ourselves at ! outset n a little irritat$ by 8 habit ( /age-manag+ ) a view to a public t likes s5sational & sc5ic effects4 ,%akespe>e us$ ?und] & lightn+ at ! beg9n+ ( ,! ,tempe/1 b only a v mod]n mod]n poet c\ld use ^! devices z an introduction to trag$y4 ,b x is m to ! po9t t 8 treatm5t ( ,pasiphae is n only "o t w\ld h be5 impossible to ! ,greeks1 b w\ld h be5 impossible to any lit]>y age :i* _h n be5 s l$ away by mod]n !ories ( realism z to believe t any sort ( mon/rosity1 be+ conceiv$ z actual1 might be made also an object ( sympa!tic emotion4 ,pasiphae is a creature ( mon/r\s1 unnatural lu/1 s vile1 & s inhuman 9 its vil5ess1 t x is impossible to conceive t human sympa?y %\ld be enli/$ 9 h] affair1 z if x 7 a normal & humanly pitiable lapse f virtue4 ,no ,greek trag$ian ev] did attempt1 or ev] w\ld h attempt$1 to ar\se pity = a creature ^: grotesque /ory express$ ! ,greek abom9ation = ,phnician b>b>ism4 ,no?+ b ! ,phili/9e1 or 9 ?is case ,phnician1 realism ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 c acc\nt = ,mr4 ,hewlett's attempt to elicit f9e feel+ f an abnormal & nause\s incid5t4 ,x has always seem$ to me t ! transition f ! ,victorian ,age to ! exp]im5tal age :i* foll[$ x 0 m>k$ by ! ,s\? ,african ,w>4 ,= a doz5 ye>s be=e t w> !re _h be5 re/less movem5ts 9 ! v he>t ( ! nation2 ! m5 :o 7 to be mo/ conspicu\s at ! close ( ! c5tury 7 leav5+ ! nation or be+ leav5$ !mselves4 ,joseph ,*amb]la9 appe>$ z ! embodim5t ( ! transitional _s 9 ! political ar5a4 ,9 j\rnalism ! movem5t took %ape 9 ! p]son ( ,alfr$ ,h>mswor?4 ,9 lit]ature ! man ( ! mom5t 0 ,rudy>d ,kipl+4 ,^! ?ree fateful embodim5ts ( ! ,"t-,_s seem$ to dom9ate ,engl& & %ake h] clean out ( h] f9-de-sicle complac5cy4 ,engl& c\ld nev] be ! same aga91 aft] ^? ?ree m5 _h be5 at ! helm1 = h[ev] %ort a p]iod4 ,! c\rse 0 deflect$2 ! reckon+ lo/4 ,au/]e1 dignifi$ ,:igs w\ld appe> aga9 9 politics1 b nev] aga9 w\ld _! au/]ity & dignity repres5t our political sy/em4 ,sonor\s1 sob]1 highly judici\s j\rnali/s might /ill succe$ 9 produc+1 at great loss1 a j\rnal express+ !mselves & _! views1 b no consid]able section ( ! nation w\ld ev] aga9 hang ^u _! words4 ,& ev5 9 poetry1 :i* lies s mu* ne>] to ! roots ( human nature1 & might !re=e be expect$ to v>y less ) ! fa%ions ( a "t1 we _c b p]ceive t ! private1 p]sonal utt]ances ( an ,arnold1 a ,t5nyson1 a ,br[n+1 a ,rossetti1 w\ld h less *ance ( be+ he>d 9 ! d9 ( to-day1 h[ev] sweet ! expression1 h[ev] intimately mov+ to ! _s4 ,!re is a poet belong+ to ! y\ng] g5]ation :o has writt5 lyrics ( exquisite grace & *>m1 :o c deal half playfully1 half s]i\sly ) ! lighte/ ( subjects1 & make x delicate & entranc+2 :o c t\* ! deep] note ( ! romantic poets & make ( x some?+ grim1 p]plex+1 haunt+2 or c produce 9 a few /anzas an intimate feel+ = p]sons portray$ 9 "s sugge/ive aspect4 ,mr4 ,walt] ,de la ,m>e is well kn[n to a small circle ( lit]>y p]sons1 b nei!r 8 poems nor 8 prose-writ+s h be5 widely read z !y %\ld h be54 ,mr4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+ w\ld p]haps %udd] at ! ?\ght1 b x is evid5t--is x n to 8 cr$it8--t he 0 ess5tially a democrat4 ,he made 8 appeal to ! av]age man4 ,8 ballads 7 writt5 ab\t ord9>y m5 & ord9>y ?+s2 ! feel+s !y portray$ 7 ! feel+s ( ev]yday life1 feel+s :i* ev]yone )\t di/9ction might feel 9 a vigor\s & p]haps boi/]\s way4 ,wordswor? nev] really br\ght poetry back to ! common1 ev]yday life ( simple folk4 ,long ago ,col]idge po9t$ out t ?is 0 a popul> sup]/ition ab\t ,wordswor? %>$ by ! poet himself4 ,b to a f> great] ext5t ,mr4 ,kipl+ did make 8 appeal to ! common /ock ( ev]yday & av]age emotion--! emotion ( ! av]age man4 ,he 0 n int]e/$1 z ! great ,victorian poets _h be51 9 ! lonely way ( ! _s2 9 ! m p]sonal emotions2 or 9 nicety ( expression4 ,= him x 0 ! corporate _s t c\nt$--! in/9ct1 n = fri5d%ip1 b = fell[%ip4 ,he _h s5tim5t 9 abundance1 b he approa*$ s5tim5t ) t sort ( n]v\s braggadocio ) :i* ! s*oolboy conceals 8 s(t] feel+s4 ,a clev] ,am]ican critic1 ,mr4 ,bliss ,p]ry1 alludes to t commonness ( m9d & tone :i* ,mr4 ,bryce decl>$ to be inevitable among masses ( m5 associat$1 z !y are 9 ,am]ica1 "u mod]n democratic gov]nm5t4 ,?is commonness ( m9d & tone1 says ,mr4 ,p]ry1 is (t5 "o ( ! p5alties ( fell[%ip4 ,x may mean a levell+ d[n in/ead ( a levell+ up4 ,! l\d /rid5cy ( ,mr4 ,kipl+'s voice is p]haps "o ( ! p5alties :i* has to be paid = ! democratic s5tim5t ( fell[%ip4 ,t !re %\ld be "s levell+ d[n is sure to foll[ :5 ! poet f9ds himself absorb$ 9 ! common emotions ( common life1 & speak+ to ! common man4 ,b !re ne$ n necess>ily be t co>s5ess ( s5tim5t1 t crudity ( ?\ght1 t bigotry ( limit$ sympa?y1 mis-call$ patriotism1 :i* has debas$ ! level ( s mu* ( ,mr4 ,kipl+'s writ+4 ,i %\ld say t ,mr4 ,g4,k4 ,*e/]ton owes m ?an he supposes to ! influ5ce1 direct or indirect1 ( ,mr4 ,kipl+2 t ?\gh 8 op9ions1 8 sympa?ies1 8 conclusions are all diametrically oppos$ to ^? ( ! eld] writ]1 /ill !re is some?+ 9 common betwe5 ! two :i* is ess5tially a democratic quality1 ! f9al /&>d be+ t ( ref]5ce to commonness1 normal feel+1 ! common man4 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton wrote a v /irr+ poem 9 8 ,ballad ( ,k+ ,alfr$1 a ballad :i* appeal$ to patriotism1 fell[%ip1 & ^? broad1 pr(\nd emotions :i* und]lie ! common s5se ( a p4 ,x 0 f> ne>] to ! _s ( ! ,b>rack ,room ,ballads ?an he1 ,i am sure1 w\ld be will+ to admit4 ,mr4 ,kipl+ did ?is great ?+1 if n = lit]ature1 at lea/ = m5 & m5-(-lett]s4 ,he express$ emotions 9 language :i* 0 z f> z possible f ! language ( /heticism4 ,?is meant1 p]haps1 t he c\ld n express v subtle or unusual emotions1 t 8 p]ceptions 7 broad r ?an f9e2 b he at lea/ taught ! _w t !re 7 c]ta9 pr(\nd manly feel+s :i* might be express$ )\t ! prelim9>y unmann+ ( /heticism2 & 8 di/9ction lies 9 ! fact t he utt]$ !m ) vehem5ce & int5sity4 ,9 ,victorian times ! av]age citiz5 ?\ght ( poetry z a some:at weak-m9d$1 effem9ate pursuit--z v (t5 x 04 ,! poet :o might be p]suad$ ( ! sublimity ( 8 call+ _h necess>ily to /eel himself aga9/ ! abuse ( ! matt]-(-fact p]sons :o h no traffic 9 poetry2 & 9 s do+ he lo/ ! advantage ( t brac+ ?\gh insuffici5t criticism by :i* ! sane1 practical man influ5ces _m ( ! arts2 t is to say1 ! read]s & uphold]s ( poetry ev]y:]e agre$ to put ! poet beyond ! rea* ( a criticism f :i* prose c nev] be :olly exempt4 ,! matt]-(-fact view be+ put out ( c\rt 9 ! judgm5t ( poetry1 ! poet 0 enc\rag$ to believe t he 0 n conc]n$ ) ! same univ]se z t ( common fact4 ,i h he>d lit]>y critics speak ( romantic or highly imag9ative novels1 say+3 ,x is all delicate fancy & imag9ation2 x is n conc]n$ ) realities2 x is %e] poetry--z if poetry 7 n conc]n$ ) realities6 ,i h he>d p criticise ! prose works ( ,mr4 ,a4,c4 ,b5son3 ,?is is all too musical1 & s5tim5tal1 & self-c5tr$2 ?is sort ( ?+ _c be done 9 prose2 x %\ld be done 9 poetry--z if nons5se becomes less nons5sical by means ( metre or rhyme6 ,?is easy-go+ view ( ! function ( ! poetic art has borne an ample h>ve/ ( nons5se4 ,i c\ld1 7 x wor? :ile1 "n _m liv+ b>ds :o consid] t any sort ( fancy or feel+ is good en\gh = poetry s long z x be prettily or gracefully h&l$1 :o w\ld ?us degrade poetry to ! position ( ! easie/1 z x has = long be5 ! lea/ priz$1 ( ! f9e arts4 ,?is havoc has be5 wr\ght1 9 "p1 by :at ,i may call ! doctr9e ( ! s5sitive s\l4 ,keats is ! classic example ( ! poet :o liv$ & di$ ?r\gh s5sitiv5ess4 ,x 0 a weakness inh]5t 9 ! romantic movem5t :i*1 ?\gh x _h s mu* t 0 en*ant+ly /range & beautiful to give to ! _w1 bequea!d to x also a consci\sness ( its n]ves & a pride 9 its v defects4 ,:5 ,col]idge _h taught 8 successors to glorify ! poetic p]ception & vision1 to give to ! secret feel+s a new w>rant & value1 !y came to ?9k x boori% to conceal _! f9e feel+s1 & !y acquir$ ! habit ( express+ feel+s :i* ! common man sc>cely exp]i5ces )\t a s5se ( %ame4 ,! poet came to be ess5tially ! man :o felt acutely1 & any?+ t 0 a feel+ came to h a sort ( value ( its own z d5ot+ poetic s5sitiv5ess4 ,h5ce ! excessive s(tness1 ! indef9it5ess1 ! langui%+ & ! effem9acy :i* s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury h be5 tol]at$ 9 poetry because poetry 0 suppos$ to be ! prop] vehicle = su* weakness4 ,x is significant t ! mo/ admir$ poem ( ,keats beg9s ) a s5tim5t :i* we %\ld agree to dete/ 9 a prose-writ+3 ,my he>t a*es1 & a dr[sy numbness pa9s ,my s5se1 z ?\gh ( hemlock ,i _h drunk---- ,i cont5d t z ?is s5tim5t w\ld be intol]able 9 prose1 s also x is n to be suff]$ 9 poetry4 ,n[1 ! ,kipl+ epo* did introduce a c]ta9 h>dness1 or mascul9ity1 into ! cultur$ life ( ! c\ntry :i* gave an opportunity = escape f ! qu]ul\sness & ! vagu5ess :i* _h become poetic habits among ,engli% poets & lov]s ( poetry4 ,i say ! ,kipl+ epo*1 = ,mr4 ,kipl+ himself nev] _h ! self-discipl9e1 p]haps _h n ! s5se ( =m1 to a*ieve mu* durable poetry1 & 8 v mascul9ity turn$ at la/ into an unmascul9e %riek4 ,he m>k$ no m ?an ! transition p]iod4 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton is a "p ( x4 ,he1 too1 is lack+ 9 s5se ( =m & diction1 & c\ld nev] h be5 a consid]able poet1 ?\gh !re is 9 8 writ+s abundant evid5ce ( poetic feel+4 ,:at ,i am conc]n$ to obs]ve is t 8 ballad poetry1 too1 is m>k$ by t ess5tially mascul9e note :i* seem$ to h di$ out ( ,engli% poetry--unless ,br[n+ & ,morris be tak5 z exceptions4 ,mr4 ,hilaire ,belloc comes at ! latt] end ( ! transition p]iod4 ,:5 a man has only writt5 a few poems x is injudici\s to say ( him t he is a great poet4 ,b1 at any rate1 ,mr4 ,belloc has writt5 a few poems :i* belong to ! great ord] ( lyrical v]se1 & 9 ,! ,s\? ,c\ntry he surpasses any?+ t ,kipl+ or ,h5ley a*iev$1 any?+ p]haps t any ,engli% lyrical poet has writt5 ?is c5tury4 ,if t is n a great poem1 !n ,i = "o w abjure great poetry1 & be cont5t ) ! less4 ,!re is all ,mr4 ,kipl+'s s5se ( fell[%ip1 a ?\s& times ref9$1 & 9 alliance ) all ! mo/ vital emotions ( life1 ! s5se = concrete1 simple ?+s1 ! s5se = ?+s rememb]$1 ( trag$y expect$ b n fe>$1 ! feel+ = m51 z m52 = places1 z places2 = ?+s1 z ?+s2 = ! emotions1 z ! ironies ( life2 = ! ludicr\s1 z ! surface aspect ( ! pa!tic--= ! :ole male side ( exi/5ce :i* poetry = a hundr$ ye>s has be5 incl9$ to ignore4 ,x is q evid5t 9 ! v e>ly poetry ( ,mr4 ,john ,masefield t ! l\dly rev]b]at+ ballads ( ,rudy>d ,kipl+ _h _h _! effect ^u him2 t some?+ ( _! %e] vehem5ce & lu/9ess _h m+l$ ) 8 own feel+ = ! tropical seas into :i* he _h adv5tur$1 ) ! vivid s5se ( m5 & ?+s 9 /range places :i* _h wr\ght ^u 8 imag9ation1 z ye>s be=e !y _h wr\ght ^u ,mr4 ,conrad4 ,ne$less to say1 ,mr4 ,masefield 9 mo/ respects /&s at ! opposite pole ( temp]am5t f ,mr4 ,kipl+4 ,he is a lyrical poet ^: poetry spr+s n s mu* f int5se int]e/ 9 ! lu/y vig\r ( common life z f an int5se feel+ = %e] beauty1 = t exquisite ref9em5t :i* may be extract$ f life2 & x may be m+l$ ) equally int5se pa9 :5 ! beauty is remov$4 ,he is1 p]haps1 m ne>ly ak9 to ! type to :i* ,keats belong$4 ,b c]ta9ly ! arrival ( ! _s repres5t$ by ,kipl+1 add$ to ! discipl9e ( 8 own e>ly adv5tures1 brac$ him & en]gis$ him2 & almo/ 8 fir/ lit]>y ef=t took ! =m ( ballad poems unit+ a f95ess & sweetness :i* 7 entirely 8 own ) a k9d ( lu/y vig\r :i* 0 sup]impos$4 ,x is easy en\gh to see ! influ5ce ( ,kipl+ 9 a ballad su* z t :i* beg9s3 ,spani% wat]s1 ,spani% wat]s1 y are s++ 9 my e>s1 ,l a sl[ sweet piece ( music f ! grey =gott5 ye>s2 ,tell+ tales1 & beat+ tunes1 & br++ we>y ?\ghts to me ,( ! s&y bea* at ,mu]tos1 :]e ,i w\ld t ,i c\ld be4 ,^? e>ly ballads _h "s ( ! emotional vig\r )\t ! *>act]i/ic defects ( ,kipl+1 & 9 _m cases a *>m :i* 0 entirely 8 own4 ,b he v e>ly %ook (f :at !re 0 ( t ,kipl+ influ5ce4 ,x 0 sup]ficial & transitory4 ,mr4 ,kipl+1 z ,i h said1 repres5t$ a transition p]iod2 & ano!r--an exp]im5tal p]iod--has foll[$4 ,x is probable t ,joseph ,conrad became a f> m pot5t influ5ce on ! imag9ation ( ,mr4 ,masefield ?an any "o o!r au?or2 ?\gh he 0 assur$ly n cont5t to foll[ any s+le example1 & began /eadily to exp]im5t & to /rike out 8 own l9e4 ,x 0 un=tunate t ! craze = exp]im5t & innovation %\ld1 = a "t--probably a brief "t--h _h s /range & unc\? an effect ^u s f9e & s5sitive a g5ius4 ,mr4 ,masefield 0--& is--a lyrical poet1 fitt$ to express ! p]sonal emotions :i* lyrical poetry c support4 ,b he became obsess$ ) ! conviction t poetry ought to be made to d some?+ else ?an sugge/ feel+s & ideas 9 a beautiful way2 t x ought to s]ve a social purpose2 t x ought to become a direct contributory =ce to ! social morality ( ! "t2 t x ought to conc]n itself ) practical mod]n que/ions 9 a practical way2 t x ought to pres5t actual life1 reali/ically4 ,! same feel+ affect$ a less] poet1 ,mr4 ,wilfrid ,wilson ,gibson1 :o1 be+ a /ory-tell] 9 v]se & a morali/1 has be5 acclaim$ z a p[]ful poet 9 bo? ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,gibson has n yet %[n t he is a consid]able poet4 ,b ,mr4 ,masefield und\bt$ly does possess ! poetic tal5t1 p]haps ev5 g5ius1 :i* ,mr4 ,gibson has n yet reveal$4 ,b ! mo/ rec5t poems ( ! =m] h be5 prais$ = j ! same reasons t ,mr4 ,gibson's h be5 prais$4 ,! ,new ,york ,outlook said ( ,mr4 ,gibson3 ,he is br++ a message :i* might well r\se 8 day & g5]ation to an und]/&+ ( & a sympa?y ) life's dis9h]it$--! ov]work$ masses4 ,mr4 ,masefield's ,! ,ev]la/+ ,m]cy & 8 s]ies ( reali/ic poems ( ! same ord] h be5 lavi%ly eulogis$ 9 exactly ! same way--& = a simil> reason4 ,ea* ( ^! poems conta9s a r\s+ /ory2 ea* subs]ves ! purpose ( an excell5t moral4 ,!y are reali/ic en\gh1 b only 9 r>e passages are !y beautiful4 ,no?+1 said ,%elley1 c be equally well express$ 9 prose t is n t$i\s & sup]]ogatory 9 v]se4 ,i h felt t ,mr4 ,masefield's long n>rative poems might equally well h be5 express$ 9 prose4 ,i believe ?is to be no m ?an a pass+ phase 9 ,mr4 ,masefield4 ,a poet :o c\ld write ! *>m+ lyrical poem :i*1 by a curi\s accid5t1 0 publi%$ at ! end ( ,! ,ev]la/+ ,m]cy 9 ! ,engli% ,review w n long be cont5t to write s5sational tracts2 we may ev5 be glad t ^! tracts h be5 writt5 if !y br+ ! public to att5d to ! m significant "w ( s f9ely gift$ an au?or4 ,b ,i am v f> f sugge/+ t ! ef=t made by ,mr4 ,gibson & ,mr4 ,masefield to br+ poetry into t\* ) mod]n life is )\t significance4 ,x repres5t$ reaction aga9/ ! qu]ul\sness1 ! vagu5ess1 ! m]e prett9ess :i* h s (t5 result$ 9 nause\s v]se4 ,x _h its s\rce 9 ! same impulse :i* l$ ,j4,m4 ,synge to create 8 f9e/ imag9ative effects by means ( a sev]ely reali/ic me?od4 ,& /ill e>li] ,mr4 ,d\ghty1 :o holds a solit>y position 9 mod]n poetry1 _h express$ himself 9 ! only way t 0 natural to him1 ?r\gh an ar*aic language1 ! language 9 :i* he ?\ght1 :i* l5t itself to ! h>d1 vivid1 & sup]bly brutal images belong+ to 8 primitive1 b>b>ian1 & z x 7 primeval !me4 ,mr4 ,d\ghty belongs nei!r to our own nor to any o!r age1 b he has n be5 )\t influ5ce ^u m5 ( our "t4 ,to appreciate ,! ,dawn 9 ,brita9 or ,adam ,ca/ ,=? is to long = ! h>dness & mascul9ity :i* h be5 r>e 9 ,engli% poetry = a hundr$ ye>s2 to feel t :at poetry ne$s is m grit & m bra92 & to plead = ^! is to plead = m poetry1 = a /rong] imag9ation4 ,!re is "o among ! y\ng] poets :o has giv5 promise ( satisfy+ ^! ne$s1 ?\gh x rema9s to be se5 :e!r he may n p]haps be ov]-weight$ on ! side ( intellect4 ,b 9 ,m>y & ! ,bramble & ,! ,sale ( ,/4 ,?omas he has %[n u h[ ! poetic imag9ation rip5s into food = adults :5 virility & intellect h gone to ! mak+ ( x4 ,!re is no m]e prett9ess 9 ,mr4 ,ab]crombie's writ+4 ,! we>isome refra9 ( sex1 disappo9t$ or desir\s1 nei!r has "p 9 ! argum5t nor supplies him ) images or asides4 ,innum]able ?+s & ev5ts ^u ! e>? appeal to him because ( t full-bodi$ exp]i5ce :i* !y c>ry to ! wakeful & ! ze/ful1 exp]i5ce :i* is manifold1 :i* fills all ! *9ks ( memory1 :i* may recall pa91 :i* may be *>g$ ) pa?os1 b is nev] morbid2 beautifully he masses vigor\s impressions ( s5se "u a l>ge imag9ative idea4 ,"h !re is no pale1 langui%+ phantom ( beauty1 b t :i* m5 delight 9 )\t ! v]bal di/ractions ( ! /hete4 ,9 ,m>y & ! ,bramble he has tak5 an intellectual idea & treat$ x allegorically1 & ess5tially poetically4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y 9 8 /ory symbolises ! upw>d mean+ m9d1 fa/5$ 9 sub/ance1 yet pure & seemly to ! ,"l2 & ! bramble :i* clut*es h] & seeks to smir* h] purity is ! folly1 ! mudd9ess1 ! /upid cruelty ( ! _w :i* mocks at all vision1 at all idealism--x is ! mortal try+ to drag d[n ! immortal "p ( man4 ,m>y is ! love ( beauty1 or ( ,god2 ! bramble is ! /upidity & grossness ( ! practical _w4 ,b ,m>y1 9 h] rapt girlhood1 ) h] eyes l ! ra9-%ad[$ sea1 is n ! less sweet because %e /&s = an idea4 ,?r\gh mead[s fl[]+ ) happ9ess ,w5t ,m>y1 feel+ n ! air t laid ,hon\rs ( g5tle dew ^u h] head2 ,nor t ! sun n[ lov$ ) gold5 />e ,! m>vell\s behavi\r ( h] hair1 ,b5d+ ) f9] sw]ve f (f h] br[ ,?an wat] :i* rel5ts be=e a pr[2 ,till 9 ! %r9k+ d>kness _m a gleam ,( secret bronze-r$ lu/res answ]$ him4 ,& :5 ! ,_s ( ,life vaunts itself 9 h]1 ,n va9 8 boa/2 = seemly to ! ,"l1 ,blue-rob$ & yell[-k]*ieft1 ,m>y w5t4 ,!re nev] 0 to ,god su* wor%ip s5t ,by any angel 9 ! ,heav5ly ways1 ,z ?is t ,life _h utt]'d = ,god's praise1 ,?is girlhood--z ! s]vice t ,life said ,9 ! beauty & ! mann]s ( ?is maid4 ,nev] ! h>ps ( ,heav5 play$ su* song ,z h] grave walk+ ?r\gh ! grasses long4 ,i _c dwell ^u ! subject ( ,! ,sale ( ,/4 ,?omas4 ,! dialogue betwe5 ,?omas & ! capta9 gives opportunity = description & metaphor almo/ ,elizabe?an 9 _! f]ocity1 ?\gh ! reflections ( ,?omas h a spiritual quality :i* is entirely mod]n4 ,we he> ,( monkeys1 ^? lewd mammets ( mank9d4 ,& ( flies />+ ,out ( _! little faces ( gibb\s eyes4 ,& !re are l9es su* z ,m5 !re h be5 :o c\ld s grimly look ,t soldi]s' he>ts w5t out l c&le flames ,be=e _! eyes1 & ! blood p]i%t 9 !m1 :i* might be plac$ side by side ) ,m>l[e's3 ,! fr[n+ looks ( fi]y ,tamburla9e ,t ) 8 t]r\r & imp]i\s eies1 ,comm&s ! he>ts ( 8 associates4 ,& we may contra/ ^! vehem5t records ( ?+s ) ! m philosophic passages3 ,?\ mu/ n !re=e /oop ?y _s's sight ,to pore only )9 ! c&le-gleam ,( consci\s wit & reasonable bra92 ,b se>* into ! sacr$ d>kness ly+ ,outside ?y k ( ?yself1 ! va/ ,measureless fate1 full ( ! p[] ( />s1 ,! out] noiseless heav5s ( ?y s\l4 ,we may well ?9k t ! imm$iate future ( poetry dep5ds ^u m5 ( ! /amp ( ,mr4 ,ab]crombie1 m5 = :om poetry is nei!r a play?+ nor a sweet-s\nd+ expression ( desire or angui% or vague dreams2 b a s]i\s attempt to grapple ) life ?r\gh comb9$ exp]i5ce1 ?\ght1 & vision4 ,long ago ,m]$i? urg$ t if fiction 0 to g on liv+1 x mu/ give u bra9-/uff & food-/uff4 ,b no poet has s9ce aris5 to make "s simil> claim = poetry2 to urge t )9 its prop] sph]e & 9 its own appropriate way x %\ld attack ! l>g] life ( man ) intellig5ce1 ) common s5se1 & ) virile passion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,w4,h4 ,davies /&s ap>t f !m all4 ,i %\ld n l to try to acc\nt 9 any way = ,mr4 ,davies any m ?an he c\ld acc\nt = a s++-bird by describ+ ! trees among :i* x liv$4 ,8 poetry is unlike any o!r poetry t is writt5 to-day4 ,x is fre% & sweet l a voice f a y\ng] & lu/i] _w4 ,x is *>g$ ) no cl>ion message ( prophecy2 x is burd5$ ) no exactly =mulat$ philosophy ( life4 ,!re is no rhetoric 9 x1 no rhodomontade4 ,x is ! melody ( a man's voice s++ = ! pleasure ( s++1 n[ vehem5tly1 f ! %e] delight 9 ?+s physical & outw>d1 n[ sadly1 z "s evanesc5t object induces melan*oly1 n[ 9 a naively reflective way1 z pa/ or future br+s memories or expectations4 ,he nev] rea*es q ! exquisite melodies ( ,h]rick1 b :5 he writes ( love he is z simple z ,h]rick1 & he is m direct1 m he>t-:ole1 less ( ! p]fect s+]1 p]haps1 b m ( ! lov]4 ,if he writes ) wide-ey$ wond] at ! simpl] m>vels ( life1 x is 9 ! mann] ( ,blake 9 ,songs ( ,innoc5ce1 :]e outw>dness ( mann] & lyrical simplicity leave an impression ( some?+ une>?ly 9 its /rang5ess4 ,occasionally 9 ! slight extravagance ( 8 imag]y we c see t ! influ5ce ( ! sev5te5?-c5tury metaphysical poets has n left him unsca!d1 z :5 he lik5s love to ! influ5ce ( spr+ op5+ up navigation4 ,b x is a sure in/9ct :i* has tak5 him to ! simpl] lyrical poets & l$ him to m\ld 8 /yle on !irs4 ,8 int]e/s lie 9 ! purely p]sonal affairs ( ! he>t2 ! simpl] emotions may be be/ express$ 9 ^? lyrical =ms 9 :i* ! old] ,engli% lit]ature is pre-em95t1 :i* es*ew ! f]vid rhy?ms ( ! s\lful n9ete5? c5tury4 ,b he is n m]ely imitative4 ,sometimes 9 ! same poem we see him1 n[ con=m+ to ! mann] ( ! traditional love-poet1 n[ revivify+ x or bur/+ ?r\gh x ) images & ideas t are :olly p]sonal to himself4 ,%e _h two eyes z blue z ,heav51 ,t5 times z w>m !y %one2 ,& yet h] he>t 0 h>d & cold ,z any %ell or /one4 ,h] m\? 0 l a s(t r$ rose ,:5 ,phbus dr9ks its dew2 ,b oh1 t cruel ?orn inside ,pi]c$ _m a fond he>t ?r\gh4 ,%e _h a /ep t walk$ unhe>d1 ,x made ! /ones l grass2 ,yet t light /ep has cru%$ a he>t1 ,z light z t /ep 04 ,^? gl[+ eyes1 ^? smil+ lips1 ,i h liv$ n[ to prove ,7 n = me1 7 n = me1 ,b came ( h] self-love4 ,yet1 l a c[ = acorns t ,h made x suff] pa91 ,s1 ?\gh h] *>ms are poison\s1 ,i moan = !m aga94 ,9 any o!r poet ! c[ & ! acorns w\ld be an intol]able extravagance2 b n s f ,mr4 ,davies1 :o kn[s & loves all bea/s ( ! field2 :o kn[s :at x is to tramp ov] /ones & to tread ! grass1 s t 8 /ones l grass r+s fre%ly1 :ile ! dew-dr9k+ ,phbus is /ale4 ,b if he seems to belong to an old] tradition1 & to h little 9 common ) ! self-consci\s mod]n poet1 t is only because 8 life has kept him away f ! fa%ions & fa%ionable ideas :i* are ! intellectual sup]ficies ( our "t1 :i* di/+ui% ! culture ( "o age f ! culture ( ano!r4 ,he loves ) ! /r5g? ( intimate fri5d%ip ! un*ang+ ?+s 9 ! natural _w1 ! sea1 ?+s t gr[1 & animals & birds4 ,& he is acqua9t$ ) ! o!r un*ang+ ?+s--love1 ! desire = food1 hatr$ ( dea?1 fri5d%ip4 ,he is also too ke5 9 8 sympa?ies & int]e/s n to be mod]n 9 ! s5se1 = in/ance1 t ! romantic appeal has _h its effect on him1 or t ! ugly facts ( mod]n life h /irr$ & pa9$ him4 ,!re is a great v>iety ( emotions regi/]$ 9 8 poems4 ,!re is ! grim ballad call$ ,treasures4 ,!re is a bold union ( magical romanticism & s5su\s passion 9 ! poem beg9n+3 ,i met h] 9 ! leafy woods1 ,e>ly a summ]'s night2 ,i saw h] :ite tee? 9 ! d>k1 ,!re 0 no bett] light4 ,!re is a rem>kable confid5ce & elation 9 ! little poem ,! ,elem5ts1 :]e9 he id5tifies himself ) ,nature--x c\ld only be quot$ entire4 ,& he records 8 impression ( a tramc> :i* sweeps along ,we/m9/] 9 ! twilight c>ry+ its load ( sleep+ m5 to "w4 ,he c also write 9 a ve9 :olly unlike t ( 8 simple & m *>act]i/ic lyrical v]ses4 ,?us he describes 8 *ildi% impressions ( a m>9] no good 9 port or out1 z 8 gr&dad said3 ,& all 8 fle% 0 prick$ ) ,indian ink1 ,8 body m>k$ z r>e & delicate ,z dead m5 /ruck by lightn+ "u trees1 ,& pictur$ ) f9e twigs & curl$ f]ns2 ,*a9s on 8 neck & an*ors on 8 arms2 ,r+s on 8 f+]s1 bracelets on 8 wri/2 ,& on 8 brea/ ! ,jane ( ,appl$ore ,0 s*oon] rigg$1 & 9 full sail at sea4 ,he c\ld n :isp] ) 8 /rong ho>se voice1 ,no m ?an c\ld a horse creep quietly2 ,he laugh$ to scorn ! m5 t muffl$ close ,= fe> ( w9d1 till all _! neck 0 hid1 ,l ,indian corn wrapp$ up 9 long gre5 leaves2 ,he knew no fl[]s b seawe$s br[n & gre51 ,he knew no birds b ^? t foll[$ %ips1 ,full well he knew ! wat]-_w2 he he>d ,a gr&] music !re ?an we on l&4 ,all ( x is ! int5sely p]sonal & direct poetry ( a man ( _m moods1 _m sympa?ies1 b happily remov$ f ! cramp+ effects ( curr5t fa%ions ( ?\ghts1 & talk ab\t ?\ght4 ,he has liv$ 9 ! op5 air & among simple p1 b always companion$ by ! poets4 ,& s we h 9 him a s+] fre% & unspoilt1 writ+ f impulse1 probably ) little consci\s te*nique1 ab\t ?+s :i* he kn[s & ! imm$iate exp]i5ces ( life4 ,,vi ,j4,m4 ,,synge ,f\r volumes1 none too ?ick1 conta9 ! collect$ works ( ! man :o is com+ to be reg>d$ z ! greate/ ( ,iri% dramati/s4 ,z we turn ov] ! pages1 & obs]ve t !y conta9 no m ?an six plays--?ree ( !m v %ort--a few ,poems & ,translations1 ! volume on ! ,aran ,isl&s1 & a volume ( miscellane\s /udies ( 8 exp]i5ces among ! folk ( ,wickl[1 ,k]ry1 & ! ,conge/$ ,di/ricts1 x is to feel wond] t a man ) s pr(\nd an imag9ation1 s wide a k ( ! folk1 & su* g5ius = creation1 %\ld h produc$ only ?is = 8 life-"w4 ,& !n we rememb] ! lam5table fact ( 8 e>ly dea?--he 0 born 9 #ahga--;& ! no less important fact t he 0 "o = :om exp]i5ce ( liv+ c\nt$ equally ) ! exp]i5ce ( art1 & t he wr\ght z few ,engli% au?ors "w1 be+ at ! pa9s to write & re-write till he _h ! result to 8 m9d4 ,& s 9 ^! f\r volumes !re is no?+ :atev] to regret--no?+ t c be pass$ ov] z dull or indiff]5t1 no?+ t has n bo? a h>d basis ( actuality & also an int5sity ( imag9ation t lifts x into ! region ( poetry4 ,9 "o ( 8 lat] mom5ts ( self-consci\sness he utt]$ a s5t5ce ( criticism wor?y to be treasur$ by ! mod]n poet1 & p]haps by ! ,iri% poet especially4 ,x may almo/ be said t be=e v]se c be human aga9 x mu/ le>n to be brutal4 ,:at w\ld we n give to h ,synge's brutality introduc$ into ! ov]-idealis$ & sonor\s poetry ( ,mr4 ,yeats8 ,he does n mean ! brutality ( our ,engli% reali/s1 or ugl9ess1 %e] fact1 mis-call$ tru?1 )\t beauty2 :at he wants is fidelity to common tru?1 a realisation ( ! root1 primitive facts--! mo/ grim primitive facts--t h>d basis ( fact :i* mu/ be accept$ be=e ! imag9ation c be> fruit4 ,"o ( ! mo/ s+ul> qualities ( ,synge is ! extraord9>y common s5se :i* su/a9s ! gruesom5ess ( 8 tragic imag9ation on ! "o side1 & 8 no less gruesome hum\r on ! o!r4 ,x holds toge!r ?is hum\r & ?is grimness :i* are s tru?fully unit$ 9 8 "w4 ,x is ! common s5se ( ! old-fa%ion$ poet1 ! common s5se :i* is all-p]vad+ 9 ,hom]'s ,odyssey--bas$ ^u a /rong1 ke5 s5se = ! concrete1 ord9>y ?+s ( life4 ,x is ?is :i* makes him f9d ! ma/]ly conclusion to ,rid]s ( ! ,sea1 :5 old ,maurya1 lam5t+ ! dea? ( h] sons1 com=ts h]self1 ,no man at all c be liv+ = ev]1 & we mu/ be satisfi$2 x is ?is :i* gives ,naisi ! anci5t love ( life1 ,x's a h>d & bitt] ?+ leav+ ! e>?2 :i* produces s admirable a prov]b z1 ,:o w\ld li/5 to an old woman ) "o ?+ & %e say+ x ov]82 & enables ,pege51 9 ,! ,playboy ( ! ,we/]n ,_w1 to p]ceive1 if only f pique1 ! prepo/]\sness ( h] infatuation--,!re's a great gap1 %e says--& ?is is ! gi/ ( ! matt]--betwe5 a gall\s /ory & a dirty de$4 ,b nev] does su* common s5se /ay ! flight ( ! poetic dream4 ,pege5 may "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 a gall\s /ory & a dirty de$1 b t does n /op h] f break+ out into wild lam5tations3 ,oh1 my grief1 ,i've lo/ him surely4 ,i've lo/ ! only ,playboy ( ! ,we/]n ,_w4 ,x is by nev] dep>t+ f> f ! high-road ( common fact t ,synge sugge/s to u ! fasc9ations1 ! dang]s1 & romance ( ! by-pa?s4 ,i ?9k t :5 he travels a v long way f t high-road he does n hold u ) s firm a h&4 ,beautiful z is ! prose-poetry ( ,deirdre ( ! ,sorr[s1 & f9e z is ! idealis$ portrait ( ,deirdre1 yet1 z a :ole1 ?is play does n grip s well z 8 o!r1 ev5 8 slight]1 plays4 ,is x n because he is mov+ away f ! common life1 :i* he kn[s s well h[ to light up into ! uncommon atmosph]e ( ! grim1 ! fanciful1 ! romantic1 into ! already half-conv5tionalis$ art atmosph]e ( ! old h]oic ,saga8 ,mo/ ( 8 success 9 ,deirdre ( ! ,sorr[s is due to ! fact t he has treat$ ,deirdre z if %e 7 j "o ( ! peasant wom5 :om he has kn[n2 b ! ready-made plot has hamp]$ him1 & he is %ut (f f ! use ( ^? little brutalities :i* give sav\r to 8 mod]n plays4 ,! actual life is n !re to secure him1 & he falls into ! *>act]i/ic ,iri% vagu5ess 9 prais+ ! poet-h]o--ev5 ,pege51 9 ,! ,playboy1 _h spok5 ( poets z f9e1 fi]y fell[s ) great rages :5 _! temp]'s r\s$ 7x is j s t ! ,iri% poets l to be pictur$2 & ,mr4 ,jack ,yeats1 9 a draw+ usually mu* admir$1 has trans=m$ ,synge himself into j su* a f9e1 fi]y fell[ ( ! tradition74 ,9 ,deirdre ( ! ,sorr[s1 ,synge c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 free 8 m9d f ! traditional /ory1 or f ! poetry ( all ! poets :o h sung ( ,deirdre2 b %\ld ,deirdre h]self1 at ! tragic mom5t :5 h] lov] lies dead1 be ?9k+ ( ! way !re w be a /ory told ( a ru9$ city & a rav+ k+ & a woman w be "y = ev]8 ,?is is l _m ,iri% poets1 b x is n wor?y ( ,synge4 ,x 0 8 g5ius to be able to tell ! /ories t h n be5 traditionalis$1 & to tell !m 9 a wond]ful dialect :i* may or may n be true to any actual spee*1 b :i*1 unlike ! j>gon t is affectation 9 _m ,iri% writ]s1 us$ by him1 has ! p[] ( affect+ u z ! old ,ionic c\ld move ^? :o spoke 9 ,attic ,greek4 ,x helps u to get into ! fanciful & grotesque atmosph]e :i* he conjur$ up out ( ! mo/ real life4 ,9 all 8 mod]n plays !re are "*1 dramatic int5sity1 fidelity to ! folk life--& t life1 ) its brutality & its delicacy1 atta9s ! utmo/ t life c hold1 se5 ?r\gh ! poetic vision ( ,synge1 made poignant & vivid by 8 imag9ation4 ,,vii ,,! ,,%ramana ,,ekai ,,kawagu*i ,books are l places ( ent]ta9m5t 9 t !y (t5 af=d a pleasure :olly diff]5t 9 k9d f t int5d$ by ! au?or4 ,an orig9al & cultur$ g5tleman ( my acqua9tance has a habit ( visit+ suburban music-halls1 & d]iv+ !refrom a delight exquisite beyond ! dreams ( ! arti/s :o =ga!r at ! ,wormwood ,scrubs ,empire4 ,9 l mann] !re are books :i* h come to be accept$ z classics on ! gr\nd ( excell5ces n aim$ at by _! au?ors1 n necess>ily because ! au?ors 7 artless1 b because _! consci\s art _h no relation to ! quality 9 !m :i* pleases4 ,pepys 0 a fir/-rate ,admiralty (ficial & a desirable boon companion1 b to 8 _m excell5ces1 kn[n to himself no less ?an to 8 fri5ds1 t ( be+ a ma/] 9 ,engli% lit]ature w\ld nev] h be5 add$4 ,a /ill bett] example is ! ,little ,fl[]s ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,we read !m n[ because ( :at we are accu/om$ to call _! human int]e/1 because !y %[ u ! robu/1 ord9>y1 fle%ly1 & ideal side ( pi\s m$ival ,ca?olics2 !y appeal to u humor\sly & pa!tically2 !y are tragi-com$ies ( ! transc5d5tal life4 ,b !y 7 writt5 to commemorate ! pi\s acts ( ! sa9ts1 & ! au?ors w\ld h be5 %ock$ to ?9k t !y 7 contribut+ to ! pr(ane delight ( ! g5]al & possibly h]etical read]4 ,9 ! same way ! ,j\rnal ( ,john ,wesley is a delight to _m p to :om ,wesley's peculi> excell5ces make no appeal4 ,he 0 a great evangeli/1 a p[]ful emotional influ5ce1 a consid]able ?9k]1 a s*ol>1 a robu/ man1 & a g5tleman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,b :5 we h nam$ all ^! qualities we h sc>cely begun to acc\nt = ! endless delight ( 8 ,j\rnal4 ,t :i* he consci\sly aim$ at is n t :i* gives all ( u pleasure4 ,to books ( ?is class ,i %\ld be dispos$ to add t ( ! ,%ramana ,ekai ,kawagu*i1 a di/+ui%$ ,japanese prie/1 s*ol>1 & travell]1 :o wrote a book entitl$ ,?ree ,ye>s 9 ,tibet4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ! ,%ramana is a simple or unsophi/icat$ writ]1 or t he has n /udi$ lit]>y effects2 b 8 int5tional effects h ! *>m ( navet to an ,engli% read]1 & 8 n>rative is :olly un/udi$ 9 respect ( all t delights u 9 x4 ,su* a book z ?is makes u di/ru/ful ( all our /&>ds4 ,x is an example ( art z unconsci\s z t ( ! song ( "s va91 b = ! mom5t solit>y1 *ild4 ,x decl>es to u t ,nature1 :5 we c br+ to x our own appreciation1 is ! fir/ ?+1 & t ! idealism ( art is ! second-be/ ) :i* we cont5t ourselves :5 ,nature1 ) its direct appeal1 is 9 abeyance4 ,! ,%ramana accompli%$ a j\rney :i* has few p>allels 9 ! hi/ory ( travel4 ,he sp5t ?ree ye>s resid+ & travell+ 9 ! upl&s ( ,tibet1 aft] ! exclusion ( /rang]s _h become a rigor\s policy1 & be=e ! ,briti% punitive exp$ition _h inspir$ fe> ( ! long-h&$ =eign]4 ,he _h ) him no organis$ escort ( m5 & mules su* z accompani$ ,sir ,sv5 ,h$9 9 8 m rec5t & bett] adv]tis$ exp$ition4 ,he w5t alone & 9 disguise1 z ,burton w5t on 8 pilgrimage to ,mecca2 on intimate t]ms ) ! natives z ,mr4 ,d\ghty 0 ) ! ,arabs2 a m5dicant z ,arm9ius ,vamb]y has be5 9 ,asiatic ,turkey & ,p]sia4 ,& he _h an advantage :i* none ( ^! travell]s _h1 "o :i* he did n scruple to use to ! utmo/--he 0 a ,buddhi/1 l ! ,tibetans1 & n only a ,buddhi/1 b an exceptionally le>n$ prie/1 possess$ ( a k ( ?+s holy :i* he us$ ) a religi\s f]v\r temp]$ ) ,odysseian guile4 ,he 0 no mission>y1 b he c>ri$ ! true ,buddhism ab\t ) him 9 ,tibet z discreetly z ,borr[ c>ri$ 8 ,bibles 9 ,spa92 & 8 /yle has a curi\s resemblance to t ( our ,engli% gipsy4 ,) ev]yone :om he meets he conv]ses on religion1 philology1 love1 or ! />s1 9 ! gaye/ argum5tative mann]1 & ^! dialogues come z int]ludes to adv5tures z ?rill+ z any t ev] fall to ! lot ( man4 ,9 a few p>agraphs he w dwell on ! almo/ inconceivable p]ils he exp]i5c$ f m\nta9s1 floods1 /orms1 & fam9e1 & 9 ! next he is dryly record+ ! disc\rse ( a holy lama1 ! wayside gossip ( robb]s1 or ! passionate advances ( a love-sick maid51 aga9/ ^: enticem5ts he /eel$ himself ) ! =titude becom+ to 8 pr(ession4 ,he tells u ) :at joy he prea*$ ! simpl] tru?s ( ,buddhism to ! att5tive nomads1 & 9 ! next page rem>ks some:at inconsi/5tly3 ,i _h my own reasons = be+ pa9/ak+ 9 ^! prea*+s4 ,i knew t religi\s talks always s(t5$ ! he>ts ( my companions1 & ?is 0 v necess>y1 z ,i might o!rwise h be5 kill$ by !m4444 ,=tunately my s]mons 7 well receiv$ by my companions4 ,8 :ole j\rney 0 necess>ily a long & sy/ematic tissue ( deception1 b :5 set on by robb]s he disda9s to pres]ve 8 worldly tra% by a concealm5t ( ! tru?4 ,:5 8 fri5ds 9 ,lhassa discov] t he is n1 z he has be5 suppos$ to be1 a ,*9aman1 b a =eign] f ,japan1 he begs !m to save !mselves & s5d him 9 fett]s to ! ,dalai ,lama2 b sacr$ m$itation & a sup]natural voice add !mselves opportunely to ! p]suasions ( 8 fri5ds1 & ) ?is div9e sanction he makes good 8 escape4 ,! book1 inde$1 has a f\rfold value2 x reveals artlessly & p]fectly ! "* ( ! ,%ramana ,ekai ,kawagu*i1 & t is wor? kn[+ 9 itself4 ,secondly1 x unfolds ! emotional & intellectual aspects ( ,japanese ,buddhism1 %[+ ?is religion bo? on its !ological side & z a practical work+ influ5ce4 ,?irdly1 x introduces u to a ho/ ( ,tibetan p]sons1 "o aft] ano!r1 pres5t+ n a vague1 impressioni/ acc\nt ( !m1 b individuals ) :om he liv$ on intimate equal t]ms 9 daily social int]c\rse4 ,& 9 ! f\r? place x gives u :at we may take to be an au?oritative acc\nt ( ! :ole social sy/em ( ,tibet--! prie/hood & religion1 adm9i/ration1 f9ance1 trade1 & ! relations betwe5 ! sexes & ca/es4 ,hav+ 9 #ahia giv5 up ! rector%ip ( a mona/]y 9 ,tokyo1 he liv$ = "s ye>s z a h]mit & devot$ himself to ! /udy ( ,buddhi/ic books 9 ! ,*9ese language4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udies he le>nt t !re 7 ,tibetan translations ( ! sacr$ text :i*1 ?\gh inf]ior 9 g5]al mean+ to ! ,*9ese1 7 sup]ior z lit]al translations4 ,he det]m9$1 !re=e1 to und]take a j\rney to ! =bidd5 l& & travel !re alone z a m5dicant prie/4 ,! _m pres5ts 8 fri5ds (f]$ him be=e 8 dep>ture he decl9$ to accept1 save 9 ! =m ( s9c]ely giv5 pl$ges 7& ! sum ( #dcj y51 m5tion$ subsequ5tly74 ,f a fi%]man he exact$ ! promise to discont9ue ! cruel habit ( cat*+ fi%2 f a p\ltry-man he secur$ a promise n to kill f[ls2 & f immod]ate smok]s ,i ask$ ! imm$iate discont9uance ( ! habit t w\ld end 9 nicot9e poison+4 ,ab\t =ty p]sons will+ly grant$ my appeal = ?is some:at novel k9d ( f>ewell pres5ts4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ,john ,wesley's exhortations to 8 foll[]s to ab/a9 f ! p]nici\s habit ( dr9k+ tea--,i propos$ x to ab\t =ty ( ^? :om ,i believ$ to be /rong 9 fai?2 & ! next morn+ to ab\t sixty m1 entreat+ !m all to speak _! m9ds freely4 ,!y did s2 & 9 ! end saw ! good :i* might ensue4 ,9 _m mom5ts ( dire p]il exp]i5c$ by ! ,%ramana 9 ,tibet1 ^! effective gifts1 x seems1 contribut$ l>gely t[>d my miracul\s escapes4 ,be=e he c\ld beg9 ! mo/ ardu\s "p ( 8 j\rney x 0 necess>y t he %\ld s]ve an appr5tice%ip ( no less ?an ?ree ye>s 9 ,d>jeel+ & ,nepaul1 /udy+ ! ,tibetan language & gramm>1 & ,tibetan ,buddhism1 befri5d+ begg>s ) ! d\ble object ( be/[+ *>ity & ga9+ in=mation1 & asc]ta9+ ! possible r\tes across ! ,himalayas4 ,!n "o day he 0 conduct$ to ! summit ( a l(ty & ungu>d$ pass1 :5ce1 on ,july #d1 #aijj1 ) 8 luggage on 8 back1 alone1 he /epp$ on to ! soil ( ,tibet1 & ent]$ ^u an unkn[n & app>5tly int]m9able wild]ness4 ,9 8 w&]+s ov] m\nta9s1 des]ts1 & riv]s !re 0 no =m ( h>d%ip & dang] :i* he _h n to enc\nt]4 ,n[ he sp5t a night 9 ! op51 ne>ly froz5 by sn[1 ! pa9 ( ! cold be+ int]rupt$ only by ! ab/raction ( m$itation & ! joy ( compos+ utas 7%ort poems74 ,n[ he 0 ne>ly dr[n$ 9 =d+ a riv]1 f :i* he 0 sav$ at ! mom5t he 0 express+ a desire to be born aga94 ,n[ he 0 ov]tak5 by a s&/orm1 n[ b]eft ( 8 money1 n[ ne>ly p]i%+ ( hung]4 ,b f e dang] he em]g$ triumphant4 ,:5 he approa*$ ! t5ts ( nomads or pilgrims & _h po9t$ 8 /aff at ! ?reat5+ dogs1 he 0 g5]ally receiv$ ) hospitality1 & on "o occasion he fell 9 ) a p>ty ( robb]s :o 7 und]go+ a p]iod ( p5ance at ,manas>ova1 & made him _! gue/ = two mon?s4 ,!y approa* ! sacr$ peak ( ,kailasa3 ,x inspir$ me ) ! pr(\nde/ feel+s ( pure rev]5ce1 & ,i look$ up to x z a natural m&ala1 ! mansion ( a ,buddha & ,bodhisattvas4 ,fill$ ) s\l-/irr+ ?\ghts & fancies ,i address$ myself to ?is sacr$ pill> ( nature1 confess$ my s9s1 & p]=m$ to x ! obeisance ( "o hundr$ & eight b[s4 ,i also took out ! manuscript ( my tw5ty-two desires1 & pl$g$ _! accompli%m5t to ! ,buddha4 ,i !n consid]$ myself ! luckie/ ( m51 to h ?us be5 enabl$ to wor%ip su* a holy emblem ( ,buddha's p[] & to v[ su* v[s 9 its sacr$ pres5ce1 & ,i mus$3 ,:ate'er my suff]+s "h & dang]s dire1 ,:ate'er befalls me on my onw>d m>*1 ,all1 all1 ,i feel1 is = ! common good ,= o!rs tread+ on ,salvation's pa? ,! night ( my p]=mance ( ^! devotional practices mu/ h be5 a matt] ( wond] & my/]y to my companions4 ,!y _h be5 wat*+ me l gap+ & a/oni%$ *ildr51 & 7 all int5sely curi\s to "k :y ,i _h b[$ s _m times1 & read out su* /range ,*9ese s5t5ces4 ,i 0 glad to expla9 to !m ! g5]al mean+ ( my conduct & !y seem$ to be deeply /ruck ) its significance4 ,!y said !y _h nev] kn[n ! ,*9ese ,lamas 7 m5 ( su* ,bodhisattvic m9d6 ,! up%ot 0 t !y ask$ me to prea* to !m t night1 a reque/ to :i* ,i 0 v glad to acc$e4 ,! prea*+ :i* foll[$1 :i* ,i purposely made z simple & z appeal+ to ! he>t z possible1 seem$ to affect !m pr(\ndly1 & to make ! be/ possible impression on !m2 s mu* s t !y ev5 %$ te>s ( joy4 ,! prea*+ ov]1 !y said 9 all s9c]ity t !y 7 glad ( companion%ip1 & ev5 (f]$ to reg>d me z _! gue/ dur+ ! two mon?s :i* !y int5d$ to sp5d 9 pilgrimage to & r\nd ! ,kang ,r9po*e4 ,!y ?\ght t _! pilgrimage ov] su* holy gr\nd1 :ile s]v+ su* a holy man z ,i n[ 0 to !m1 w\ld absolve !m completely f _! s9s4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is pilgrimage t !re occurr$ ! t5d] episode already allud$ to1 f :i* ! ,%ramana1 ?\gh nei!r a block ( wood1 nor a piece ( /one1 em]g$ ev5 m cr$itably ?an ,john ,wesley :5 simil>ly tempt$ 9 ,georgia4 ,i c give no acc\nt "h ( 8 arrival 9 ,lhassa1 ! reputation he ga9$ z a ,*9ese physician1 8 k9dly reception by ! ,dalai ,lama1 or 8 intimate fri5d%ips ) ! apo!c>y & ! ex-,m9i/] ( ,f9ance4 ,he gives a vivid picture ( ! life ( ! diff]5t classes ( prie/s & monks1 & ! corrupt /ate ( ! ,tibetan hi]>*y4 ,he describes ! rudim5t>y sy/em ( education1 ! h>% & haphaz>d adm9i/ration1 ! brutality ( puni%m5ts1 ! sy/em ( espionage1 ! free position ( wom5 & ! practice ( poly&ry1 ! fil?y p]sonal habits ( ! p1 _! sup]/itions1 _! occupations1 _! fe/ivals4 ,i d n dwell ^u ^! matt]s1 p>tly because _m ( ! features describ$ are common to o!r ori5tal c\ntries1 b ma9ly because ,i am "h consid]+ ! peculi> excell5ce ( ! book z a book ( travel1 a human docum5t--z ! phrase goes--a record ( exp]i5ce :i* has tak5 ! /amp ( a mo/ int]e/+ p]sonality4 ,,viii ,,francis ,,?ompson ,9 ,! ,blue ,bird ( ,maet]l9ck we are told ( a *ild :o puts on a magic hat & turns a fairy diamond & sees all t 0 ugly & sordid trans=m$ into some?+ transc5d5tly beautiful4 ,!re 0 no ne$ = ,francis ,?ompson to f9d a magic hat2 ! poetic in/9ct :i* 0 always ) him gave him ! insight into ano!r poet's nature2 he saw ?r\gh1 ar\nd1 & beyond ^? unlovely passages 9 ! life ( ,%elley :i* made ,mat!w ,arnold1 = once s /rangely an adh]5t ( ,mrs4 ,grundy1 exclaim1 ,:at a set6 ,:at a _w6 ,!re are few appreciations 9 ! ,engli% language comp>able to 8 essay on ,%elley4 ,fix+ 8 eyes on :at seems to him ess5tial 9 ! man1 ,?ompson f9ds t ev]y?+ else expla9s itself to ! obs]v] :o w see ) ! poet1 :o c und]/& 8 suff]+s1 & imag9e 8 delights4 ,& s 8 essay is no ord9>y /udy 9 criticism4 ,he sets himself1 inde$1 z ,pat] w\ld h done1 to f9d :at x is t makes ! specific wor? ( ! poet4 ,b !re is no labori\s calculat+ ( values2 r a lavi% p\r+ =? ( ! j me$ ( praise1 an int]pretation1 a v9dication ( ,%elley1 l ,sw9burne's v9dication ( ,blake1 9 language less passionate1 p]haps1 b m p]fect 9 its melody1 & m significant 9 its imag]y1 respond+ to its !me ) tremul\s beauty4 ,mr4 ,wyndham1 ,i ?9k1 did n g f> f ! tru? :5 he said t ?is is ! mo/ important contribution to pure lett]s writt5 9 ,engli% dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,= 9 a c]ta9 s5se x seems to rea* an ev5 great] height ?an ,?ompson's poetry4 ,= :il/ he has writt5 exalt$ poetry1 ?\ght-compell+ poetry1 magnific5t 9 diction & appeal+ to ! deep] emotions1 !re is 9 ?is essay a simplicity :i* 0 (t5 lack+ 9 ! =m]1 & a passionate plead+ :i* comb9es ! cog5t lucidity ( a ,newman ) ! o!r-worldness ( a ,/4 ,francis4 ,if x has a fault1 x is t ( be+ too ri* 9 its imag]y1 too lavi% ( its judgm5ts1 too ov]be>+ 9 its vision ( beauty1 s t "s critics w say t x is too poetical = prose4 ,x is1 inde$1 ! prose ( a poet1 & su* z only a poet w\ld or c\ld write2 b its h>mony1 its /ructural balance1 its ma/]ly transitions are1 save 9 a few cases1 ^? :i* are prop] to prose4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 some?+ a little =c$ 9 ! op5+ passage 9 :i* he comm5ds ! s]vices ( poetry to ! *>ity ( ! ,*ur*1 p>agraphs :i* 7 design$ to conciliate ! editor ( ! ,dubl9 ,review4 ,he passes to consid] ! defect :i* has mildew$ all ! poetry writt5 s9ce ,%elley1 ! pr$om9ance ( art ov] inspiration1 ( body ov] s\l4 ,n1 he holds1 t inspiration has be5 lack+--! w>rior is !re1 b he is hamp]$ by 8 arm\r4 ,we are self-consci\s to ! f+]-tips2 & ?is inh]5t quality1 entail+ on our poetry ! inevitable loss ( spontaneity1 ensures t :atev] poets1 ( :atev] excell5ce1 may be born to u ( ! ,%elleian /ock1 its f\nd]'s _s c take among u no re9c>nation4 ,an age t is ceas+ to produce *ild-l *ildr5 _c produce a ,%elley4 ,= bo? z poet & man he 0 ess5tially a *ild4 ,to ! la/1 he exclaims1 he 0 ! en*ant$ *ild4 ,& he expla9s :at he means 9 words t may seem fanta/ic3 ,x is to h a _s yet /ream+ f ! wat]s ( baptism2 x is to believe 9 love1 to believe 9 lovel9ess1 to believe 9 belief4 ,& he sugge/s t ,%elley nev] c\ld h be5 a man1 = he nev] 0 a boy4 ,& ! reason lay 9 ! p]secution :i* ov]-cl\d$ 8 s*ool days4 ,he 0 a gr[n-up *ild :5 he sail$ 8 pap] boats on ! ,isis1 :5 9 8 loves he gave way to t /ray+1 /range & deplorable1 ( ! _s1 :5 he rebell$ petulantly b n ung5]\sly aga9/ ! ord] ( ! _w1 & :5 he so>$ ) ! cl\d or ! skyl>k l ! *ild-l peoples among :om my?ologies h _! rise4 ,9 8 poetry he is /ill at play1 save only t 8 play is su* z manhood /ops to wat*1 & 8 play?+s are ^? :i* ! gods give _! *ildr54 ,! univ]se is 8 box ( toys4 ,he dabbles 8 f+]s 9 ! day-fall4 ,he is gold-du/y ) 8 tumbl+ amid/ ! />s4 ,he makes bright mis*ief ) ! moon4 ,&1 9 ! same1 full way1 ,?ompson expla9s 9 :at s5se ,%elley 0 a poet ( ,nature2 9 :at mann] images p\r$ naturally f 8 lips z !y ought to h done1 b nev] did1 p\r f ! lips ( ! metaphysical poets2 by :at in/9ctive p]ception ( ! und]ly+ analogies1 ! secret subt]ranean passages1 betwe5 matt] & s\l1 he 0 able to make su* imag9ative play ) ab/ractions2 &1 f9ally1 h[ 9 8 %ort] poems he =gets = a :ile all t ev] makes 8 v]se turbid2 =gets t he is any?+ b a poet1 =gets sometimes t he is any?+ b a *ild4 ,& all ! "t ! essayi/ is dropp+ phrases :i* surely are un=gettable1 /rik+ u alike by _! tru? & _! pregnance--?is beautiful1 wild1 fel9e poetry1 wild because left to range ! wilds4--,8 ,muse has become a v]itable ,e*o1 ^: body has dissolv$ f ab\t h] voice4--,he /ood ?us at ! v junction-l9es ( ! visible & ! invisible1 & c\ld %ift ! po9ts z he will$4 ,8 ?\ghts became a m\nt$ infantry1 pass+ ) baffl+ swiftness f horse to foot or foot to horse4 ,ev5 to-day1 five ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 ,?ompson has n atta9$ ! full fame :i* he m]its4 ,x is true 8 v fir/ book won ! highe/ praise f critics no less di/+ui%$ ?an ,cov5try ,patmore1 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,symons1 & ,mr4 ,h4,d4 ,traill1 & long be=e 8 dea? x 0 no small circle ( admir]s :o look$ eag]ly = ea* new poem f 8 p54 ,yet 8 g5ius is n ( t k9d :i* in/antly communicates itself to a g5]ation4 ,liv+ ap>t 9 a spiritual atmosph]e ( 8 own1 8 he>t dive/$ ( ! desires :i* =m half ! life ( mo/ m51 8 gaze 0 fix$ on ! inn] my/]ies ( ! _s & on ^? out] =ms :i* are ! vehicles ( beauty4 ,! v language he us$ 0 z f> remote z possible f ! bruti% j>gon we inh]it4 ,he belong$ to ! hi]>*y ( ! poets ( all ages1 & press$ into 8 s]vice lovely1 half-=gott5 words :i* made 8 poetry seem /range & biz>re to ^? :o 7 too mu* imm]s$ 9 ! language & lit]ature ( _! day4 ,& ^? subtl] m9ds :o in/antly p]ceiv$ its beauty1 & saw h[ 8 language & 8 imag]y (t5 recall$ ^? ( ! sev5te5?-c5tury metaphysicals1 su* z ,cra%aw1 too readily p]haps ass]t$ a bond betwe5 8 ?\ght & !irs4 ,l !m1 x is true1 he turn$ 8 back on ! delusive spl5d\rs ( ! _w2 he accept$ & express$ 9 song ! div9e ord9ance ( ! univ]se4 ,b he 0 afflict$ ) ! pa9 ( mod]n d\bt2 fe> & speculative curiosity /ruggl$ ) 8 fai?2 sometimes ! %e] beauty ( ! ext]nal _w1 s f> f prov+ ! div9e beauty1 seem$ to him z a possible refuge 9 8 va9 flight f ! ,h\nd ( ,heav54 ,he _c be allocat$ to a s+le s*ool4 ,9 8 read+ he _h rang$ ?r\gh ! poets ( all ages1 & he _h assimilat$ a mighty v>iety ( emotions1 & we may see h[ 8 =m %[s ! influ5ce n[ ( "o poet1 n[ ano!r--,milton1 ,c[ley1 ,%elley1 ,hood1 ,poe1 & ,rossetti--yet ea* influ5ce1 z x came ^u him1 0 pass$ ?r\gh ! crucible ( 8 own def9$ temp]am5t1 & ! resultant is :olly 8 own1 a creature :i* speaks ( half-suppress$ emotion1 yet fanta/ically ri* 9 phrase1 rhy?m1 & image4 ,8 /udy ( all ! poets seems to h op5$ to him m av5ues ( beauty ?an 7 op5 to any poet ( ! middle sev5te5? c5tury4 ,!re is 9 8 blood ! fanta/ical romance ( ! ,elizabe?ans2 ! love ( spiritual contemplation :i* m>k$ ! sev5te5?-c5tury my/ic2 ! passionate adoration ( ,nature & ! op5 air :i* came ) ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury2 mod]n introspectiv5ess2 & t habit ( symbolism ) :i* ,rossetti & 8 s*ool h made u famili>4 ,sometimes 8 pregnant phrases1 8 lit]>y imag]y1 8 /ately1 sweep+ rhetoric1 & ! note ( und]ly+ melan*oly w\ld lead u to comp>e him ) ,virgil r ?an ) any mod]n poet4 ,"u ?is dreadful bro!r ut]9e1 ,?is k9sman fe>$1 ,tellus1 behold me come1 ,?y son /]n-nurs$2 :o mortal-"m-l1 ,to turn ?y weanl+s' m\? av]se1 embitt]'/1 ,?9e ov]-*ild$ brea/4 ,n[1 mortal-sonlike1 ,i ?\ ha/ suckl$1 ,"m1 ,i at la/ ,%all su/5ant be to !e4 ,"h ,i untrammel1 ,"h ,i pluck loose ! body's c]em5t+1 ,& break ! tomb ( life2 "h ,i %ake (f ,! bur o' ! _w1 man's congregation %un1 ,& to ! antique ord] ( ! dead ,i take ! tongueless v[s4 ,b ^? la/ l9es3 ,& to ! antique ord] ( ! dead ,i take ! tongueless v[s4 we _c comp>e ) any model4 ,!y /& by !mselves1 unsurpassable1 l9es su* z are only to be f\nd "h & !re ev5 9 ! great poets4 ,! m "o reads ?is poetry ( ,?ompson's ! m "o discov]s t x is some?+ ess5tially individual4 ,h>monies t "o may miss on a fir/ read+ become m app>5t & m insi/5t z "o reads aga91 & ! exquisite1 haunt+ melody ( 8 v]se pursues u1 & its faultless1 ri* rhy?ms seem to create new patt]ns ( =m4 ,"o may miss n a little ( 8 ?\ght1 because ! engross+ beauty ( ! language lays hold ( ! s5ses4 ,9 almo/ e poem "o f9ds "s l+]+ phrase3 ,:atso looks lovelily ,is b ! ra9b[ on life's weep+ ra94 ,or3 ,! little sweetness mak+ grief complete4 ,(t5 he %[s t exact s5se ( lyrical fitness :i* ,milton pre-em95tly possess$1 &1 second only to him1 ,%elley4 ,we see x 9 ! passage :i* beg9s3 ,suff] me at y\r leafy fea/ ,to sit ap>t1 a some:at ali5 gue/1 ,& wat* y\r mir?1 ,un%>+ 9 ! lib]al laugh ( e>?4 ,! ,h\nd ( ,heav51 ,i ?9k1 has rightly be5 pron\nc$ 8 greate/ poem1 = :il/ 9 its weal? ( melody1 its magnific5ce ( imag]y1 & its pa?os1 x is unsurpass$1 x reveals also ! f9e/ dep?s ( 8 ?\ght z he takes u d[n ! labyr9?9e ways ( 8 m9d's flight4 ,b next to t ,i w\ld put ,! ,mak+ ( ,viola1 a poem :i* no o!r1 except ,rossetti or 8 si/] ,*ri/9a1 c\ld h writt53 ,i ,! ,fa!r ( ,heav54 ,sp91 daught] ,m>y1 sp91 ,twirl y\r :eel ) silv] d92 ,sp91 daught] ,m>y1 sp91 ,sp9 a tress = ,viola4 ,angels4 ,sp91 ,que5 ,m>y1 a ,br[n tress = ,viola6 ,,ii ,! ,fa!r ( ,heav54 ,weave1 h&s angelical1 ,weave a wo( ( fle% to pall ,weave1 h&s evangelical-- ,fle% to pall our ,viola4 ,angels4 ,weave1 s++ bro!rs1 a ,velvet fle% = ,viola6 ,,iii ,! ,fa!r ( ,heav54 ,scoop1 "y ,jesus1 = h] eyes1 ,wood-br[n$ pools ( ,p>adise-- ,"y ,jesus1 = ! eyes1 ,= ! eyes ( ,viola4 ,angels4 ,t9t1 ,pr9ce ,jesus1 a ,dusk$ eye = ,viola6 ,x may be t he w always be a poet = ! few2 t 8 my/ical1 esot]ic _s1 f9d+ its prop] expression 9 baffl+ imag]y & elusive1 o!r-worldly rhy?ms1 w nev] be :olly cong5ial to ! _m4 ,b 8 place is assur$2 = he _h no traffic ) ! ?+s ( a day or ! language ( a day4 ,! beauty :i* haunts 8 prose & 8 v]se is ( t univ]sal ord] :i* c h>dly fade by ! m]e pass+ ( "t4 ,only a *ange 9 ! human _s c make x dim4 ,,note ,_m ( ! =ego+ *apt]s are bas$ ^u articles :i* h be5 publi%$ 9 p]iodicals4 ,my ?anks are due to ! ,editors ( ! foll[+ j\rnals1 :i* ,i "n 9 ! ord] ( my indebt$ness3--,! ,engli% ,review1 ,! ,nation1 ,! ,daily ,news1 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,! ,briti% ,review1 & ,! ,a!num4 ,,! ,,complete ,,dramatic ,,works ,,( ,g]h>t ,hauptmann ,,au?oriz$ ,,edition ,,9 ,,six ,,volumes ,x is g5]ally conc$$ t ,g]h>t ,hauptmann is ! mo/ notable dramati/ ( ! pres5t day4 ,8 "w comb9es lit]>y1 psy*ological & dramatic int]e/ 9 great] measure ?an t ( any o!r contempor>y writ]1 & ! aw>d ( ! ,nobel prize 9 lit]ature 0 a public recognition ( 8 g5ius4 ,an au?oriz$ translation ( 8 dramas makes x possible at la/ = ,engli% p to /udy & enjoy ,hauptmann4 ,excell5t translations ( a few plays _h already be5 made & ^!1 by arrangem5t ) ! respective translators1 w be adapt$ to ! pres5t edition1 b new translation w be made :5ev] x seems necess>y 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! highe/ /&>d4 ,! editor ( ! edition is ,pr(essor ,ludwig ,lewisohn4 ,he supplies a g5]al introduction to ,hauptmann's works 9 ,volume ,i1 & a brief] introduction to ea* succe$+ volume4 ,,cont5ts ,volume ,i ,social ,dramas ,be=e ,dawn ,! ,weav]s ,! ,beav] ,coat ,! ,conflagration ,volume ,,ii ,social ,dramas ,drayman ,h5s*el ,rose ,b]nd ,! ,rats ,volume ,,iii ,dome/ic ,dramas ,! ,reconciliation ,lonely ,lives ,colleague ,crampton ,mi*ael ,kram] ,volume ,,iv ,symbolic & ,leg5d>y ,dramas ,hannele ,! ,sunk5 ,bell ,h5ry ( ,aue ,volume ,v ,symbolic & ,hi/orical ,dramas ,s*luck & ,jau ,& ,pippa ,dances ,*>lemagne's ,ho/age ,volume ,,vi ,lat] ,dramas 9 ,prose ,! ,maid5s ( ! ,m\nt ,griselda ,gabriel ,s*ill+'s ,flight ,ea* ,volume ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price ,five ,%ill+s net ,,two ,,new ,,volumes ,,9 ,,?is ,,s]ies ,,walt ,,:itman ,a ,,critical ,,/udy ,,by ,,basil ,,de ,,sel9c\rt ,,walt] ,,pat] ,a ,,critical ,,/udy ,,by ,,edw>d ,,?omas ,ea* ,volume ,demy ,octavo4 ,) a ,frontispiece ,portrait 9 ,photogravure4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,uni=m ,,) ,,p ,,& ,,que/ions ,,dramatic ,,portraits ,by ,p4,p4 ,,h[e ,?r\gh\t ?is book a p>ticul> po9t ( view has be5 adh]$ to1 f :i* ! drama is look$ ^u z a sep>ate art f lit]ature1 & f :i* especial att5tion is paid to ! mann] ( its practice4 ,?us ne>ly all ! plays ( ! dramati/s pass$ "u review are to be /udi$ 9 book =m1 b !y are spok5 ( "h1 z f> z possible1 9 t]ms ( _! actual pres5tation 9 ! !atre4 ,! dramati/s include ,p9]o1 ,h5ry ,ar?ur ,jones1 ,h5ry ,james1 ,osc> ,wilde1 ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ,b>rie1 ,hub]t ,h5ry ,davies1 ,granville ,b>k]1 ,hank91 ,galswor?y & ,masefield4 ,x is a book = all playgo]s :o h done _! playgo+ 9 ! ,engli% !atre ( ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,! portraits :i* illu/rate x are f cam]a /udies by ,mr4 ,e4,o4 ,hopp1 reproduc$ by a new process :i* does full ju/ice to 8 orig9al pr9ts4 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #es4 net4 ,,new ,,fiction ,,s9i/] ,,/reet ,by ,,compton ,,mack5zie ,au?or ( ,c>nival4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,l\ie ,by ,,oliv] ,,onions ,au?or ( ,! ,debit ,acc\nt4 ,,h&s ,,up6 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,niv5 ,au?or ( ,! ,porcela9 ,lady4 ,,tell+ ,,! ,,tru? ,by ,,william ,,hewlett ,au?or ( ,uncle's ,advice4 ,,und]gr[? ,by ,f4 & ,e4 ,,brett ,,"y ,a ,fir/ ,novel4 ,,! ,,bankrupt ,by ,,horace ,,horsnell ,a ,fir/ ,novel4 ,,! ,,fool',s ,,trag$y ,by ,a4 ,,scott ,,crav5 ,a ,fir/ ,novel4 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,typographical errors correct$ 9 text3 ,page #cc3 poietic replac$ ) poetic ---------------------------------------- -------------------