mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,transcrib]s ,note3 ,! spell+ 9 ?is text has be5 pres]v$ z 9 ! orig9al4 ,obvi\s pr9t]'s errors h be5 correct$4 ,y c f9d a li/ ( ! corrections made at ! end ( ?is e-text4 ,*apt] ,,ix is ! additional *apt] on ,! ,fir/ ,day 9 ,s*ool m5tion$ on ! title page4 ,!re is no entry 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts = ?is *apt]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,tea*]3 ,or ,moral ,influ5ces ,employ$ 9 ! ,in/ruction & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,"y4 ,new ,/]eotype ,edition2 ,) an ,additional ,*apt] on ,! ,fir/ ,day 9 ,s*ool4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ,,jacob ,,abbott1 ,late ,pr9cipal ( ! ,mt4 ,v]non ,female ,s*ool1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bo/on3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,:ipple ,,& ,,damrell1 ,no4 #i ,,cornhill4 #ahci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahci1 by ,,jacob ,,abbott1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,massa*usetts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p[] ,,press ,,( ,,william ,s4 ,,damrell4 ,,to ,,! ,,tru/ees ,,& ,,patrons ,,( ,,! ,,mt4 ,,v]non ,,female ,,s*ool1 ,,bo/on4 ,,g5tlem53 ,x is to ef=ts :i* y h made 9 ! cause ( education1 ) special reg>d to its moral & religi\s aspects1 t ,i h be5 indebt$ = ! opportunity to te/ by exp]im5t1 "u ! mo/ pleasant & favorable circum/ances1 ! pr9ciples :i* =m ! basis ( ?is "w4 ,to y1 !re=e1 x is respectfully inscrib$1 z "o ( ! indirect results ( y\r own ex]tions to promote ! be/ int]e/s ( ! ,"y4 ,i am v s9c]ely & respectfully y\rs1 ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,preface4 ,?is book is int5d$ to detail1 9 a famili> & practical mann]1 a sy/em ( arrangem5ts = ! organization & managem5t ( a s*ool1 bas$ on ! employm5t1 s f> z is practicable1 ( ,moral ,influ5ces1 z a means ( effect+ ! objects 9 view4 ,its design is1 n to br+ =w>d new !ories or new plans1 b to develope & expla91 & to c>ry out to _! practical applications1 su* pr9ciples z1 among all skilful & exp]i5c$ tea*]s1 are g5]ally admitt$ & act$ ^u4 ,( c\rse x is n design$ = ! skilful & ! exp]i5c$ !mselves2 b x is int5d$ to embody :at !y already "k1 & to pres5t x 9 a practical =m1 = ! use ( ^? :o are beg9n+ ! "w & :o wi% to avail !mselves ( ! exp]i5ce :i* o!rs h acquir$4 ,al?\gh moral influ5ces1 are ! *ief f\ndations on :i* ! p[] ( ! tea*] ov] ! m9ds & he>ts ( 8 pupils is1 accord+ to ?is treatise1 to re/1 /ill x mu/ n be imag9$ t ! sy/em "h recomm5d$ is "o ( p]suasion4 ,x is a sy/em ( au?ority1--supreme & unlimit$ au?ority1 a po9t ess5tial 9 all plans = ! sup]vision ( ! "y4 ,b x is au?ority secur$ & ma9ta9$ z f> z possible by moral measures4 ,!re w be no dispute ab\t ! propriety ( mak+ ! mo/ ( ?is class ( means4 ,:atev] diff]5ce ( op9ion !re may be1 on ! "q :e!r physical =ce1 is necess>y at all1 e "o w agree t1 if ev] employ$1 x mu/ be only z a la/ resort1 & t no tea*] ought to make w> ^u ! body1 unless x is prov$ t he _c conqu] ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! m9d4 ,9 reg>d to ! anecdotes & n>ratives :i* are v freely introduc$ to illu/rate pr9ciples 9 ?is "w1 ! writ] ought to /ate1 t ?\gh !y are all sub/antially true1 t is1 all except ^? :i* are expressly introduc$ z m]e suppositions1 he has n hesitat$ to alt] v freely1 = obvi\s reasons1 ! unimportant circum/ances connect$ ) !m4 ,he has endeavor$ ?us to de/roy ! p]sonality ( ! n>ratives1 )\t injur+ or alt]+ _! moral effect4 ,f ! v nature ( our employm5t1 & ( ! circum/ances "u :i* ! prep>ation = x mu/ be made1 x is pla9 t1 ( ! _m ?\s&s :o are1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 annually ent]+ ! "w1 a v l>ge majority mu/ dep5d = all _! k ( ! art except :at !y acquire f _! own obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 on :at !y c obta9 f books4 ,x is desirable t ! class ( works f :i* su* k c be obta9$ %\ld be increas$4 ,"s excell5t & highly useful specim5s h already appe>$1 & v _m m w\ld be eag]ly read by tea*]s1 if prop]ly prep>$4 ,x is ess5tial h[ev] t !y %\ld be writt5 by exp]i5c$ tea*]s1 :o h = "s ye>s be5 actively engag$1 & specially int]e/$ 9 ! "w2--t !y %\ld be writt5 9 a v practical & famili> /yle1--& t !y %\ld exhibit pr9ciples :i* are unque/ionably true1 & g5]ally admitt$ by good tea*]s1 & n ! new !ories peculi> to ! writ] himself4 ,9 a ^w1 utility1 & practical effect1 %\ld be ! only aim4 ,bo/on1 ,june #bj1 #ahcc4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4--,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,tea*+4 ,s\rce ( enjoym5t 9 tea*+4 ,! boy & ! /eam eng9e4 ,8 contrivance4 ,8 pleasure1 & ! s\rce ( x4 ,fir+ at ! m>k4 ,plan ( cle>+ ! gall]ies 9 ! ,briti% ,h\se ,( ,commons4 ,pleasure ( exp]im5t+1 & ex]cis+ intellectual & moral p[]4 ,! indiff]5t1 & inactive tea*]4 ,8 subsequ5t exp]im5ts2 means ( awak5+ int]e/4 ,(f5ces ( pupils4 ,diff]5t ways ( reg>d+ !m4 ,tea*+ really att5d$ ) peculi> trials & difficulties4 #a4 ,moral responsibility = ! conduct ( pupils4 #b4 ,multiplicity ( ! objects ( att5tion4 ,page #aa ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,g5]al ,,arrangem5ts4 ,objects to be aim$ at1 9 ! ,g5]al ,arrangem5ts4 ,sy/ematis+ ! tea*]'s "w4 ,necessity ( hav+ only "o ?+ to att5d to at a "t4 #a4 ,:isp]+ & leav+ seats4 ,an exp]im5t4 ,me?od ( regulat+ ?is4 ,introduction ( ! new plan4 ,difficulties4 ,dialogue ) pupils4 ,/udy c>d4 ,con/ruction & use4 #b4 ,m5d+ p5s4 ,unnecess>y tr\ble f ?is s\rce4 ,degree ( importance to be atta*$ to good p5s4 ,plan = provid+ !m4 #c4 ,answ]+ que/ions4 ,evils4 ,ea* pupil's fair proportion ( "t4 ,que/ions ab\t lessons4 ,:5 ! tea*] %\ld refuse to answ] !m4 ,r5d]+ assi/ance4 ,:5 to be refus$4 #d4 ,he>+ recitations4 ,regul> arrangem5t ( !m4 ,punctuality4 ,plan & s*$ule4 ,g5]al ,ex]cises4 ,subjects to be att5d$ to at !m4 ,g5]al arrangem5ts ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,p[] to be delegat$ to pupils4 ,g>d9] ,lyceum4 ,its gov]nm5t4 ,! trial4 ,real republican gov]nm5t impracticable 9 s*ools4 ,delegat$ p[]4 ,exp]im5t ) ! writ+ books4 ,qu>rel ab\t ! nail4 ,(fices = pupils4 ,cautions4 ,dang] ( insubord9ation4 ,new plans to be introduc$ gradually4 #bi ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,in/ruction4 ,! ?ree important bran*es4 ,! objects :i* are really mo/ important4 ,advanc$ s*ol>s4 ,exam9ation ( s*ool & s*ol>s at ! outset4 ,act+ on numb]s4 ,ext5t to :i* x may be c>ri$4 ,recitation & ,in/ruction4 #a4 ,recitation4 ,its object4 ,importance ( a ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! class4 ,v>i\s modes4 ,p]fect regul>ity & ord] necess>y4 ,example4 ,/ory ( ! p5cils4 ,"t wa/$ by too m9ute an att5tion to individuals4 ,example4 ,answ]s giv5 simultane\sly to save "t4 ,excuses4 ,dang]s 9 simultane\s recitation4 ,means ( avoid+ !m4 ,advantages ( ?is mode4 ,examples4 ,writt5 answ]s4 #b4 ,in/ruction4 ,means ( excit+ int]e/4 ,v>iety4 ,examples4 ,%[+ ! connexion betwe5 ! /udies ( s*ool & ! bus9ess ( life4 ,example1 f ! controv]sy betwe5 ,g5]al & ,/ate ,gov]nm5ts4 ,mode ( illu/rat+ x4 ,prop] way ( meet+ difficulties4 ,lead+ pupils to surm\nt !m4 ,true way to enc\rage ! "y to meet difficulties4 ,! boy & ! :eelb>r[4 ,difficult examples 9 ,ari?metic4 ,prop] way ( r5d]+ assi/ance4 7#a47 ,simply analyz+ intricate subjects4 ,dialogue on longitude4 7#b47 ,mak+ previ\s tru?s p]fectly famili>4 ,exp]im5t ) ! ,multiplication table4 ,lat9 ,gramm> lesson4 ,geometry4 #c4 ,g5]al cautions4 ,do+ "w = ! s*ol>4 ,dulness4 ,int]e/ 9 all ! pupils4 ,mak+ all alike4 ,faults ( pupils4 ,! tea*]'s own m5tal habits4 ,false pret5sions4 #fd ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,moral ,,discipl9e4 ,fir/ impressions4 ,/ory4 ,dang] ( devot+ too mu* att5tion to individual in/ances4 ,! pr(ane boy4 ,case describ$4 ,confession ( ! boys4 ,success4 ,! untidy desk4 ,measures 9 consequ5ce4 ,int]e/+ ! s*ol>s 9 ! good ord] ( ! s*ool4 ,secur+ a majority4 ,example4 ,reports ab\t ! desks4 ,! new ,college build+4 ,modes ( int]e/+ ! boys4 ,! irregul> class4 ,two ways ( rem$y+ ! evil4 ,boys' love ( sy/em & regul>ity4 ,object ( secur+ a majority1 & p>ticul> means ( do+ x4 ,mak+ s*ool pleasant4 ,discipl9e %\ld g5]ally be private4 ,9 all cases t are br\ght be=e ! s*ool1 public op9ion 9 ! tea*]'s favor %\ld be secur$4 ,/ory ( ! rescue4 ,feel+s ( displeasure aga9/ :at is wrong4 ,! tea*] "u moral obligation1 & gov]n$1 himself1 by law4 ,description ( ! ,moral ,ex]cise4 ,prejudice4 ,! s*ol>s' writt5 rem>ks1 & ! tea*]'s comm5ts4 ,! spid]4 ,li/ ( subjects4 ,anonym\s writ+4 ,specim5s4 ,m>ks ( a bad s*ol>4 ,consequ5ces ( be+ beh9dh&4 ,new s*ol>s4 ,a ,satirical _s4 ,v>iety4 ,treatm5t ( individual (f5d]s4 ,asc]ta9+ :o !y are4 ,/udy+ _! *>act]s4 ,secur+ _! p]sonal atta*m5t4 ,ask+ assi/ance4 ,! :i/le4 ,op51 frank deal+4 ,example4 ,dialogue ) ,james4 ,communications 9 writ+4 #aje ,,*apt] ,v4--,,religi\s ,,influ5ce4 ,! ,am]ican me*anic at ,p>is4 ,a congregational tea*] among ,quak]s4 ,p>5ts h ! ultimate "r to decide h[ _! *ildr5 %all be educat$4 ,agreem5t 9 religi\s op9ion1 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,pr9ciple :i* is to guide ! tea*] on ?is subject4 ,limits & re/rictions to religi\s influ5ce 9 s*ool4 ,religi\s tru?s :i* are g5]ally admitt$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,human responsibility4 ,immortality ( ! s\l4 ,a revelation4 ,nature ( piety4 ,salvation by ,*ri/4 ,tea*] to d no?+ on ?is subject b :at he may d by ! common cons5t ( 8 employ]s4 ,reasons = expla9+ di/9ctly ^! limits4 ,p>ticul> measures propos$4 ,op5+ ex]cises4 ,pray]4 ,s++4 ,direct in/ruction4 ,mode ( giv+ x4 ,example2 arrangem5t ( ! ,epi/les 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,dialogue4 ,ano!r example2 sc5e 9 ! woods4 ,cautions4 ,affect$ simplicity ( language4 ,evils ( x4 ,m9ute details4 ,example2 motives to /udy4 ,dialogue4 ,m+l+ religi\s influ5ce ) ! direct discipl9e ( ! s*ool4 ,fallaci\s indications ( piety4 ,s9c]ity ( ! ,tea*]4 #aeb ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,mt4 ,,v]non ,,s*ool4 ,reason = ins]t+ ! description4 ,advantage ( visit+ s*ools2 & ( read+ descriptions ( !m4 ,address$ to a new s*ol>4 #a4 ,h] p]sonal duty4 ,/udy c>d4 ,rule4 ,b "o rule4 ,cases :5 ?is rule may be waiv$4 #a4 ,at ! direction ( tea*]s4 #b4 ,on extraord9>y em]g5cies4 ,reasons = ! rule4 ,anecdote4 ,puni%m5ts4 ,incid5t describ$4 ,confession4 #b4 ,ord] ( ,daily ,ex]cises4 ,op5+ ( ! s*ool4 ,s*$ules4 ,h\rs ( /udy & recess4 ,g5]al ,ex]cises4 ,bus9ess4 ,examples4 ,sections4 #c4 ,in/ruction & sup]vision ( pupils4 ,classes4 ,organization4 ,sections4 ,duties ( sup]9t5d5ts4 #d4 ,(fic]s4 ,design 9 appo9t+ !m4 ,_! names & duties4 ,example ( ! op]ation ( ! sy/em4 #e4 ,! ,c\rt4 ,its plan & design4 ,a trial describ$4 #f4 ,religi\s ,in/ruction4 ,pr9ciples inculcat$4 ,measures4 ,religi\s ex]cises 9 s*ool4 ,meet+ on ,saturday aft]noon4 ,conclud+ rem>ks4 #aha ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,s*em+4 ,"t lo/ ^u fruitless s*emes4 ,prop] prov9ce ( +5uity & ent]prise4 ,cautions4 ,case suppos$4 ,! spell+ class2 an exp]im5t ) x2 its success & its consequ5ces4 ,sy/em ( lit]>y in/itutions 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,directions to a "y tea*] on ! subject ( =m+ new plans4 ,new in/itutions2 new s*ool books4 ,+5uity & ent]prise v useful1 )9 prop] limits4 ,ways ( mak+ kn[n new plans4 ,p]iodicals4 ,family newspap]s4 ,tea*]'s meet+s4 ,rights ( ,committees1 ,tru/ees1 or ,patrons1 9 ! control ( ! s*ool4 ,pr9ciple :i* ought to gov]n4 ,case suppos$4 ,ext5t to :i* ! tea*] is b\nd by ! wi%es ( 8 employ]s4 #bba ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,reports ,,( ,,cases4 ,plan ( ! ,*apt]4 ,hats & ,bonnets4 ,injury to clo!s4 ,mi/akes :i* are n c5surable4 ,t>d9ess2 plan = puni%+ x4 ,hel5's lesson4 ,firmness 9 measures unit$ ) mildness ( mann]4 ,ins9c]e confession3 sc5e 9 a class4 ,c\rt4 ,trial ( a case4 ,tea*]'s p]sonal "*4 ,! way to elevate ! "* ( ! employm5t4 ,six h\rs only to be devot$ to s*ool4 ,! ,*e/nut ,burr4 ,sc5e 9 ! wood4 ,dialogue 9 s*ool4 ,an exp]im5t4 ,s]ies ( ,lessons 9 writ+4 ,! correspond5ce4 ,two k9ds ( managem5t4 ,plan ( weekly reports4 ,! %opp+ ex]cise4 ,example4 ,artifices 9 ,recitations4 ,keep+ ,resolutions2 notes ( ,tea*]'s ,lecture4 ,topics4 ,plan & illu/ration ( ! ex]cise4 ,introduction ( music4 ,tabu4 ,m5tal ,analysis4 ,sc5e 9 a class4 #bdb ,,! ,,tea*]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,tea*+4 ,!re is a mo/ s+ul> contr>iety ( op9ion prevail+ 9 ! community1 9 reg>d to ! pleasantness ( ! bus9ess ( tea*+4 ,"s tea*]s g to _! daily task1 m]ely ^u compulsion3 !y reg>d x z intol]able drudg]y4 ,o!rs love ! "w3 !y hov] ar\nd ! s*ool-room z long z !y c1 & nev] cease to ?9k1 & seldom to talk1 ( _! delightful labors4 ,un=tunately !re are too _m ( ! =m] class1 & ! fir/ object1 :i*1 9 ?is "w1 ,i %all attempt to accompli%1 is to %[ my read]s1 especially ^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to look ^u ! bus9ess ( tea*+ z a we>y & he>tless toil1 h[ x happ5s1 t x is1 9 any case1 s pleasant4 ,! human m9d is always1 ess5tially1 ! same4 ,t :i* is t$i\s & joyless to "o1 w be s to ano!r1 if pursu$ 9 ! same way1 & "u ! same circum/ances4 ,& tea*+1 if x is pleasant1 animat+1 & excit+ to "o1 may be s to all4 ,i am met1 h[ev]1 at ! outset1 9 my ef=t to %[ :y x is t tea*+ is ev] a pleasant "w1 by ! want ( a "n = a c]ta9 faculty or capacity ( ! human m9d1 ?r\gh :i* mo/ ( ! enjoym5t ( tea*+ f9ds its av5ue4 ,e m9d is s con/itut$ z to take a positive pleasure 9 ! ex]cise ( +5uity 9 adapt+ means to an end1 & 9 wat*+ _! op]ation2--9 accompli%+ by ! int]v5tion ( in/rum5ts1 :at we c\ld n accompli% )\t2--9 devis+1 7:5 we see an object to be effect$1 :i* is too great = our direct & imm$iate p[]7 & sett+ at "w1 "s in/rum5tality1 :i* may be suffici5t to accompli% x4 ,x is said1 t1 :5 ! /eam eng9e 0 fir/ put into op]ation1 su* 0 ! imp]fection ( ! ma*9]y1 t a boy 0 necess>ily /ation$ at x1 to op5 & %ut alt]nately ! cock1 by :i* ! /eam 0 n[ admitt$1 & n[ %ut out1 f ! cyl9d]4 ,"o su* boy1 aft] pati5tly do+ 8 "w = _m days1 contriv$ to connect ?is /op-cock ) "s ( ! mov+ p>ts ( ! eng9e1 by a wire1 9 su* a mann]1 t ! eng9e itself did ! "w :i* _h be5 entru/$ to him2 & aft] see+ t ! :ole bus9ess w\ld g regul>ly =w>d1 he left ! wire 9 *>ge1 & w5t away to play4 ,su* is ! /ory4 ,n[ if x is true1 h[ mu* pleasure ! boy mu/ h exp]i5c$1 9 devis+ & witness+ ! successful op]ation ( 8 s*eme2 ,i d n mean ! pleasure ( reliev+ himself f a dull & we>isome duty2 ,i d n mean ! pleasure ( anticipat$ play2 b ,i mean ! /rong int]e/ he mu/ h tak5 9 contriv+ & execut+ 8 plan4 ,:51 we>i$ out ) 8 dull1 monoton\s "w1 he fir/ notic$ ^? movem5ts ( ! ma*9]y :i* he ?\ght adapt$ to 8 purpose1 & ! plan fla%$ into 8 m9d1 h[ mu/ 8 eye h bright5$1 & h[ quick mu/ ! we>y li/lessness ( 8 employm5t h vani%$4 ,:ile he 0 matur+ 8 plan1 & c>ry+ x into execution2--:ile adju/+ 8 wires1 fitt+ !m to ! exact l5g?1 & to ! exact position1--& especially1 :51 at la/1 he wat*es ! fir/ successful op]ation ( 8 contrivance1--he mu/ h enjoy$ a pleasure1 :i* v few1 ev5 ( ! joy\s sports ( *ildhood1 c\ld h suppli$4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 exactly ! pleasure ( ex]cis+ +5uity 9 contrivance1 t ,i ref] to "h2 = ! tea*] has n1 aft] all1 a great deal ( absolute contriv+ to d1--or r 8 pr9cipal bus9ess is n contriv+4 ,! greate/ & mo/ p]man5t s\rce ( pleasure to ! boy1 9 su* a case z ,i h describ$1 is 8 feel+ t he is accompli%+ a great effect by a slight ef=t ( 8 own2 ! feel+ ( p[]2 act+ ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( in/rum5tality1 s z to multiply 8 p[]4 ,s great w\ld be ?is satisfaction1 t he w\ld almo/ wi% to h "s o!r simil> "w assign$ him1 t he might h ano!r opportunity to contrive "s plan = its easy accompli%m5t4 ,look+ at an object to be accompli%$1 or an evil to be rem$i$1 !n /udy+ its nature & ext5t1 & devis+ & execut+ "s means = effect+ ! purpose desir$1 is1 9 all cases1 a s\rce ( pleasure2 especially :51 by ! process1 we br+ to view or to op]ation1 new p[]s1 or p[]s h]et(ore hidd51 :e!r !y are our own p[]s1 or ^? ( objects ^u :i* we act4 ,exp]im5t+ has a sort ( magical fasc9ation = all4 ,"s d n l ! tr\ble ( mak+ prep>ations1 b all are eag] to see ! results4 ,contrive a new ma*9e1 & e body w be int]e/$ to witness1 or to he> ( its op]ation2--develope any h]et(ore unkn[n prop]ties ( matt]1 or secure "s new useful effect1 f laws :i* m5 h n hi!rto employ$ = _! purposes1 & ! int]e/ ( all ar\nd y w be excit$ to obs]ve y\r results2--& especially1 y w y\rself take a deep & p]man5t pleasure1 9 guid+ & controll+ ! p[] y h ?us obta9$4 ,?is is peculi>ly ! case ) exp]im5ts ^u m9d1 or exp]im5ts = produc+ effects ?r\gh ! m$ium ( volunt>y acts ( ! human m9d1 s t ! contriv] mu/ take into consid]ation ! laws ( m9d 9 =m+ 8 plans4 ,to illu/rate ?is by r a *ildi% case3 ,i once knew a boy :o 0 employ$ by 8 fa!r to remove all ! loose small /ones1 :i*1 f ! peculi> nature ( ! gr\nd1 _h accumulat$ 9 ! road be=e ! h\se4 ,he 0 to take !m up1 & ?r[ !m ov] into ! pa/ure1 across ! way4 ,he soon got tir$ ( pick+ !m up "o by "o1 & sat d[n ^u ! bank1 to try to devise "s bett] means ( accompli%+ 8 "w4 ,he at l5g? conceiv$ & adopt$ ! foll[+ plan4 ,he set up1 9 ! pa/ure1 a n>r[ bo>d1 = a t>get1 or z boys w\ld call x1 a m>k1--& !n1 collect+ all ! boys ( ! neighborhood1 he propos$ to !m an amusem5t1 :i* boys are always ready =1--fir+ at a m>k4 ,i ne$ n say t ! /ores ( ammunition 9 ! /reet 7 soon exhau/$2 ! boys work+ = _! lead]1 :5 !y suppos$ !y 7 only f9d+ amusem5t = !mselves4 ,"h n[1 is exp]im5t+ ^u ! m9d2--! production ( useful effect ) rapidity & ease1 by ! int]v5tion ( prop] in/rum5tality2--! conv]sion1 by means ( a little k ( human nature1 ( t :i* w\ld h o!rwise be5 dull & fatigu+ labor1 into a mo/ animat+ sport1 giv+ pleasure to tw5ty1 in/ead ( t$i\s labor to "o4 ,n[ ! contrivance & execution ( su* plans is a s\rce ( positive pleasure2 x is always pleasant to br+ ! prop]ties & p[]s ( matt] into requisition to promote our designs1--b !re is a f> high] pleasure 9 controll+1 & guid+1 & m\ld+ to our purpose ! movem5ts ( m9d4 ,x is ?is :i* gives int]e/ to ! plans & op]ation ( human gov]nm5ts4 ,!y c d little by actual =ce4 ,ne>ly all ! p[] t is held1 ev5 by ! mo/ despotic executive1 mu/ be bas$ on an adroit managem5t ( ! pr9ciples ( human nature1 s z to lead m5 volunt>ily to coop]ate ) ! rul]1 9 8 plans4 ,ev5 an army c\ld n be got into battle1 9 _m cases1 )\t a mo/ +5i\s arrangem5t1 by means ( :i* half a doz5 m5 c drive1 lit]ally drive1 z _m ?\s&s1 into ! v face ( dang] & dea?4 ,! difficulty ( lead+ m5 to battle mu/ h be5 = a long "t a v p]plex+ "o to g5]als4 ,x 0 at la/ remov$ by ! v simple exp$i5t ( creat+ a great] dang] beh9d ?an !re is be=e4 ,)\t +5uity ( contrivance l ?is1--turn+ "o pr9ciple ( human nature aga9/ ano!r1 & mak+ x = ! mom5t>y int]e/ ( m5 to act 9 a giv5 way1 no gov]nm5t c\ld /& a ye>4 ,i "k ( no?+ :i* illu/rates m p]fectly ! way by :i* a k ( human nature is to be turn$ to acc\nt 9 manag+ human m9ds1 ?an a plan :i* 0 adopt$ = cle>+ ! gall]ies ( ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons1 z x 0 describ$ to me by a g5tleman :o _h visit$ ,london4 ,x is well kn[n t ! gall]y is appropriat$ to spectators1 & t x sometimes becomes necess>y to ord] !m to retire1 :5 a vote is to be tak51 or private bus9ess is to be transact$4 ,:5 ! (fic] 9 att5dance 0 ord]$ to cle> ! gall]y1 x 0 sometimes f\nd to be a v tr\blesome & sl[ op]ation2 = ^? :o fir/ w5t out1 rema9$ ob/9ately z close to ! doors z possible1 s z to secure ! opportunity to come 9 aga9 fir/1 :5 ! doors %\ld be re-op5$4 ,! consequ5ce 01 !re 0 s great an accumulation ar\nd ! doors outside1 t x 0 almo/ impossible = ! cr[d to get out4 ,! :ole difficulty arose f ! eag] desire ( e "o to rema9 z ne> z possible to ! door1 ?r\gh :i* !y 7 to come back aga94 ,i h be5 told1 t1 not)/&+ ! utmo/ ef=ts ( ! (fic]s1 fifte5 m9utes 7 sometimes consum$ 9 effect+ ! object1 :5 ! ord] 0 giv5 t ! spectators %\ld retire4 ,! :ole difficulty 0 remov$ by a v simple plan4 ,"o door only 0 op5$ :5 ! cr[d 0 to retire1 & !y 7 !n admitt$ ?r\gh ! o!r4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t z soon z ! ord] 0 giv5 to cle> ! gall]ies1 e "o fl$ z fa/ z possible ?r\gh ! op5 door ar\nd to ! "o :i* 0 clos$1 s z to be ready to ent] fir/1 :5 t1 9 its turn1 %\ld be op5$2 ?is 0 usually 9 a few m9utes1 z ! purpose = :i* ! spectators 7 ord]$ to retire 0 usually simply to all[ "t = tak+ a vote4 ,"h x w be se5 t by ! op]ation ( a v simple plan1 ! v eag]ness ( ! cr[d to get back z soon z possible1 :i* _h be5 ! sole cause ( ! difficulty1 0 turn$ to acc\nt mo/ effectually to remove x4 ,be=e1 !y 7 s eag] to return1 t !y cr[d$ ar\nd ! door s z to prev5t o!rs go+ out4 ,b by ?is simple plan ( eject+ !m by "o door1 & admitt+ !m by ano!r1 t v circum/ance made !m cle> ! passage at once1 & hurri$ e "o away into ! lobby1 ! mom5t ! comm& 0 giv54 ,! plann] ( ?is s*eme mu/ h tak5 great pleasure 9 see+ its successful op]ation2 ?\gh ! (fic] :o %\ld g /eadily on1 endeavor+ to remove ! reluctant ?rong by d9t ( m]e driv+1 might well h f\nd 8 task unpleasant4 ,b ! ex]cise ( +5uity 9 /udy+ ! nature ( ! difficulty ) :i* a man has to cont5d1 & br++ 9 "s antagoni/ pr9ciple ( human nature to remove x1 or if n an antagoni/ pr9ciple1 a simil> pr9ciple1 op]at+1 by a peculi> arrangem5t ( circum/ances1 9 an antagoni/ mann]1 is always pleasant4 ,f ?is s\rce a l>ge %>e ( ! enjoym5t :i* m5 f9d 9 ! active pursuits ( life1 has its orig94 ,! tea*] has ! :ole field1 :i* ?is subject op5s1 fully be=e him4 ,he has human nature to deal )1 mo/ directly4 ,8 :ole "w is exp]im5t+ ^u m9d2 & ! m9d :i* is be=e him to be ! subject ( 8 op]ation1 is exactly 9 ! /ate to be mo/ easily & pleasantly op]at$ ^u4 ,! reason n[ :y "s tea*]s f9d _! "w delightful1 & "s f9d x we>isom5ess & t$ium itself1 is t "s d1 & "s d n take ?is view ( _! "w4 ,"o in/ruct] is l ! eng9e-boy1 turn+ )\t cessation or *ange1 8 ev]la/+ /op-cock1 9 ! same ceaseless1 me*anical1 & monoton\s r\t9e4 ,ano!r is l ! little workman 9 8 bright] mom5ts1 fix+ 8 inv5tion & wat*+ ) delight its successful & easy accompli%m5t ( 8 wi%es4 ,"o is l ! (fic]1 driv+ by vocif]ations & ?reats1 & demon/rations ( viol5ce1 ! spectators f ! gall]ies4 ,! o!r1 l ! %rewd contriv]1 :o conv]ts ! v cause :i* 0 ! :ole gr\nd ( ! difficulty1 to a mo/ successful & effici5t means ( its removal4 ,^! pr9ciples %[ h[ tea*+ may1 9 "s cases1 be a delightful employm5t1 :ile 9 o!rs1 its ta/eless dulness is int]rupt$ by no?+ b its p]plexities & c>es4 ,! s*ool-room is 9 reality1 a little empire ( m9d4 ,if ! "o :o presides 9 x1 sees x 9 its true light2 /udies ! nature & t5d5cy ( ! m9ds :i* he has to control2 adapts 8 plans & 8 measures to ! laws ( human nature1 & endeavors to accompli% 8 purposes = !m1 n by m]e labor & =ce1 b by +5uity & ent]prise2 he w take pleasure 9 adm9i/]+ 8 little gov]nm5t4 ,he w wat*1 ) c>e & int]e/1 ! op]ation ( ! moral & intellectual causes :i* he sets 9 op]ation2 & f9d1 z he accompli%es 8 v>i\s objects ) increas+ facility & p[]1 t he w d]ive a great] & great] pleasure f 8 "w4 ,n[ :5 a tea*] ?us looks ^u 8 s*ool z a field 9 :i* he is to ex]cise skill & +5uity & ent]prise2 :5 he /udies ! laws ( human nature1 & ! "* ( ^? m9ds ^u :i* he has to act2 :5 he explores delib]ately ! nature ( ! field :i* he has to cultivate1 & ( ! objects :i* he wi%es to accompli%2 & applies means1 judici\sly & skilfully adapt$ to ! object2 he mu/ necess>ily take a /rong int]e/ 9 8 "w4 ,b :51 on ! o!r h&1 he goes to 8 employm5t1 only to p]=m a c]ta9 regul> r\nd ( daily "w1 und]tak+ no?+1 & anticipat+ no?+ b ?is dull & un*angeable r\t9e2 & :5 he looks ^u 8 pupils m]ely z passive objects ( 8 labors1 :om he is to treat ) simple indiff]5ce :ile !y obey 8 comm&s1 & to :om he is only to apply reproa*es & puni%m5t :5 !y disobey2 su* a tea*] nev] c take pleasure 9 ! s*ool4 ,we>9ess & dulness mu/ reign 9 bo? ma/] & s*ol>s1 :5 ?+s1 z he imag9es1 are go+ "r2 & mutual ang] & crim9ation1 :5 !y g wrong4 ,s*ol>s nev] c be in/ruct$ by ! p[] ( any dull me*anical r\t9e2 nor c !y be gov]n$ by ! bl9d1 nak$ /r5g? ( ! ma/]2 su* means mu/ fail ( ! accompli%m5t ( ! purposes design$1 & consequ5tly ! tea*] :o tries su* a c\rse mu/ h con/antly ^u 8 m9d ! disc\rag+1 di%e>t5+ burd5 ( unsuccessful & almo/ useless labor4 ,he is cont9ually uneasy1 dissatisfi$ & fill$ ) anxi\s c>es2 & s\rces ( vexation & p]plexity cont9ually arise4 ,he attempts to remove evils by wag+ aga9/ !m a useless & mo/ vexati\s w>f>e ( ?reat5+ & puni%m5t2 & he is try+ cont9ually to drive1 :5 he might "k t nei!r ! intellect nor ! he>t are capable ( be+ driv54 ,i w simply /ate "o case1 to illu/rate :at ,i mean by ! diff]5ce betwe5 bl9d =ce1 & active +5uity & ent]prise1 9 ! managem5t ( s*ool4 ,i once knew ! tea*] ( a s*ool1 :o made x 8 cu/om to h writ+ att5d$ to 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! boys 7 accu/om$ to take _! places1 at ! appo9t$ h\r1 & ea* "o w\ld /ick up 8 p5 9 ! front ( 8 desk = ! tea*] to pass ar\nd & m5d !m4 ,! tea*] w\ld accord+ly pass ar\nd1 m5d+ ! p5s f desk to desk1 ?us enabl+ ! boys1 9 succession1 to beg9 _! task4 ,( c\rse ea* boy be=e he came to 8 desk 0 necess>ily idle1 &1 almo/ necess>ily1 9 mis*ief4 ,day aft] day ! tea*] w5t ?r\gh ?is regul> r\t9e4 ,he saunt]$ sl[ly & li/lessly ?r\gh ! aisles1 & among ! b5*es ( ! room1 :]ev] he saw ! signal ( a p54 ,he paid ( c\rse v little att5tion to ! writ+1 n[ & !n reprov+1 ) an impati5t tone1 "s extraord9>y in/ance ( c>elessness1 or leav+ 8 "w to suppress "s ris+ disord]4 ,ord9>ily1 h[ev]1 he seem$ to be lo/ 9 vacancy ( ?\ght1--dream+ p]haps ( o!r sc5es1 or inw>dly rep9+ at ! et]nal monotony & t$ium ( a tea*]'s life4 ,8 boys took no int]e/ 9 _! "w1 & ( c\rse made no progress4 ,!y 7 sometimes unnecess>ily idle1 & sometimes mis*iev\s1 b nev] usefully or pleasantly employ$2 = ! :ole h\r 0 pa/ be=e ! p5s c\ld all be br\ght d[n4 ,wa/$ "t1 blott$ books1 & frett$ temp]s1 7 all ! results :i* ! sy/em produc$4 ,! same tea*] aft]w>ds act$ on a v diff]5t pr9ciple4 ,he look$ ov] ! field & said to himself1 :at are ! objects ,i wi% to accompli% 9 ?is writ+ ex]cise1 & h[ c ,i be/ accompli% !m8 ,i wi% to obta9 ! greate/ possible am\nt ( indu/ri\s & c>eful practice 9 writ+4 ,! fir/ ?+ evid5tly is1 to save ! wa/$ "t4 ,he accord+ly made prep>ation = m5d+ ! p5s at a previ\s h\r1 s t all %\ld be ready1 at ! appo9t$ "t1 to comm5ce ! "w toge!r4 ,?is c\ld be done q z conv5i5tly :5 ! boys 7 engag$ 9 /udy+1 by reque/+ !m to put out _! p5s at an appo9t$ & previ\s "t4 ,he sat at 8 table1 & ! p5s ( a :ole b5* 7 br\ght to him1 &1 aft] be+ c>efully m5d$1 7 return$1 to be 9 read9ess = ! writ+ h\r4 ,?us ! fir/ difficulty1 ! loss ( "t1 0 obviat$4 ,i mu/ make !m indu/ri\s :ile !y write1 0 8 next ?\ght4 ,aft] ?9k+ ( a v>iety ( me?ods1 he det]m9$ to try ! foll[+4 ,he requir$ all to beg9 toge!r at ! top ( ! page & write ! same l9e1 9 a h& ( ! same size4 ,!y 7 all requir$ to beg9 toge!r1 he himself beg9n+ at ! same "t1 & writ+ ab\t z fa/ z he ?\ght !y ought to write1 9 ord] to secure ! highe/ improvem5t4 ,:5 he _h f9i%$ 8 l9e1 he asc]ta9$ h[ _m _h prec$$ him1 & h[ _m 7 beh9d4 ,he reque/$ ! fir/ to write sl[]1 & ! o!rs fa/]1 & by ?is means1 aft] a few trials1 he secur$ uni=m1 regul>1 sy/ematic & indu/ri\s employm5t1 ?r\gh\t ! s*ool4 ,probably !re 71 at fir/1 difficulties 9 ! op]ation ( ! plan1 :i* he _h to devise ways & means to surm\nt3 b :at ,i mean to pres5t p>ticul>ly to ! read] is1 t he 0 int]e/$ 9 8 exp]im5ts4 ,:ile sitt+ 9 8 desk1 giv+ 8 comm& to beg9 l9e aft] l9e1 & notic+ ! unbrok5 sil5ce1 & att5tion1 & int]e/1 :i* prevail$1 7= ea* boy 0 int]e/$ to see h[ ne>ly ) ! ma/] he c\ld f9i% 8 "w17 :ile presid+ ov] su* a sc5e1 he mu/ h be5 int]e/$4 ,he mu/ h be5 pleas$ ) ! ex]cise ( 8 almo/ milit>y comm&1 & to witness h[ effectually ord] & indu/ry1 & excit$ & pleas$ att5tion1 _h tak5 ! place ( li/less idl5ess & mutual dissatisfaction4 ,aft] a few days1 he appo9t$ "o ( ! old] & m judici\s s*ol>s1 to give ! ^w = beg9n+ & end+ ! l9es1 & he sat survey+ ! sc5e1 or walk+ f desk to desk1 notic+ faults1 & consid]+ :at plans he c\ld =m = secur+1 m & m fully1 ! end he _h 9 view4 ,he f\nd t ! great object ( int]e/ & att5tion among ! boys 01 to come out "r1 & t less pa9s 7 tak5 ) ! =mation ( ! lett]s1 ?an !re ought to be1 to secure ! mo/ rapid improvem5t4 ,b h[ %all he secure great] pa9s8 ,by /]n comm&s & ?reats8 ,by go+ f desk to desk1 scold+ "o1 rapp+ ! knuckles ( ano!r1 & hold+ up to ridicule a ?ird1 mak+ examples ( su* individuals z may *ance to attract 8 special att5tion8 ,no2 he has le>n$ t he is op]at+ ^u a little empire ( m9d1 & t he is n to endeavor to drive !m z a man drives a h]d1 by m]e p]emptory comm& or half angry bl[s4 ,he mu/ /udy ! nature ( ! effect he is to produce1 & ( ! mat]ials ^u :i* he is to "w1 & adopt1 aft] mature delib]ation1 a plan to accompli% 8 purpose1 f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciples :i* ought always to regulate ! action ( m9d ^u m9d1 & adapt$ to produce ! intellectual effect1 :i* he wi%es to accompli%4 ,9 ! case suppos$1 ! tea*] conclud$ to appeal to emulation4 ,:ile ,i describe ! measure he adopt$1 let x be rememb]$ t ,i am n[ only approv+ ( ! resort to +5uity & inv5tion1 & ! employm5t ( moral & intellectual means1 = ! accompli%m5t ( 8 purposes1 & n ( ! measures !mselves4 ,i d n ?9k ! plan ,i am go+ to describe a wise "o2 b ,i d ?9k t ! tea*]1 :ile try+ x1 mu/ h be5 int]e/$ 9 8 intellectual exp]im5t4 ,8 bus9ess1 :ile pursu$ 9 su* a way1 c\ld n h be5 a m]e dull & un9t]e/+ r\t9e4 ,he pur*as$1 = ?ree c5ts apiece1 two long lead-p5cils1 an article ( great value1 9 ! op9ion ( ! boys ( c\ntry s*ools2 & he (f]$ !m1 z prizes1 to ! boy :o w\ld write mo/ c>efully2 n to ! "o :o %\ld write be/1 b to ! "o ^: book %\ld exhibit mo/ appe>ance ( ef=t & c>e = a week4 ,aft] ann\nc+ 8 plan1 he wat*$1 ) /rong int]e/ its op]ation4 ,he walk$ r\nd ! room :ile ! writ+ 0 9 progress1 to obs]ve ! effect ( 8 measure4 ,he did n reprove ^? :o 7 writ+ c>elessly2 he simply notic$ :o & h[ _m !y 74 ,he did n comm5d ^? :o 7 evid5tly mak+ ef=t2 he notic$ :o & h[ _m !y 71 t he might und]/& h[ f>1 & ^u :at sort ( m9ds1 8 exp]im5t 0 successful1 & :]e x fail$4 ,he 0 tak+ a lesson 9 human nature1--human nature z x exhibits itself 9 boys1 & 0 prep>+ to op]ate m & m p[]fully by future plans4 ,! lesson :i* he le>n$ by ! exp]im5t 0 ?is1 t "o or two prizes w n influ5ce ! majority ( a l>ge s*ool4 ,a few seem$ to ?9k t ! p5cils 7 possibly )9 _! rea*1 & !y made vigor\s ef=ts to secure !m2 b ! re/ wrote on z be=e4 ,?9k+ x c]ta9 t !y %\ld be surpass$ by ! o!rs1 !y gave up ! conte/1 at once1 9 despair4 ,! obvi\s rem$y 0 to multiply 8 prizes1 s z to br+ "o )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,he reflect$ too t ! real prize1 9 su* a case1 is n ! value ( ! p5cil1 b ! honor ( ! victory2 & z ! honor ( ! victory might z well be c\pl$ ) an object ( less1 z well z ) "o ( great] value1 ! next week he divid$ 8 two p5cils into qu>t]s1 & (f]$ to 8 pupils eight prizes in/ead ( two4 ,he (f]$ "o to e five s*ol>s1 z !y sat on _! b5*es1 & e boy !n saw1 t a rew>d w\ld c]ta9ly come )9 five ( him4 ,8 *ance1 accord+ly1 in/ead ( be+ "o 9 tw5ty1 became "o 9 five4 ,n[ is x possible = a tea*]1 aft] hav+ philosophiz$ ^u ! nature ( ! m9ds ^u :i* he is op]at+1 & survey$ ! field1 & +5i\sly =m$ a plan1 :i* plan he hopes w1 ?r\gh 8 own intr9sic p[]1 produce c]ta9 effects1--is x possible = him :5 he comes1 = ! fir/ day1 to witness its op]ations1 to come )\t feel+ a /rong int]e/ 9 ! result8 ,x is impossible4 ,aft] hav+ =m$ su* a plan1 & made su* arrangem5ts1 he w look =w>d1 almo/ ) impati5ce1 to ! next writ+ h\r4 ,he wi%es to see :e!r he has e/imat$ ! m5tal capacities & t5d5cies ( 8 little community aright2 & :5 ! "t comes1 & he surveys ! sc5e1 & obs]ves ! op]ation ( 8 measure1 & sees _m m are rea*$ by x1 ?an 7 influ5c$ be=e1 he feels a /rong gratification2 & x is a gratification :i* is f\nd$ ^u ! noble/ pr9ciples ( our nature4 ,he is trac+ on a mo/ int]e/+ field1 ! op]ation ( cause & effect4 ,f be+ ! m]e drudge1 :o drives1 )\t intellect or ?\ght1 a score or two ( boys to _! daily tasks1 he rises to ! rank ( an intellectual philosoph]1 explor+ ! laws & successfully controll+ ! t5d5cies ( m9d4 ,x w be obs]v$ too1 t all ! "t ?is tea*] 0 p]=m+ ^! exp]im5ts1 & wat*+1 ) int5se int]e/1 ! results1 8 pupils 7 go+ on undi/urb$ 9 _! pursuits4 ,! ex]cises 9 writ+ 7 n int]rupt$ or d]ang$4 ,?is is a po9t ( fundam5tal importance2 =1 if :at ,i %\ld say on ! subject ( ex]cis+ +5uity & contrivance 9 tea*+1 %\ld be ! means1 9 any case1 ( lead+ a tea*] to break 9 ^u ! regul> duties ( 8 s*ool1 & de/roy ! /eady uni=mity ) :i* ! great objects ( su* an in/itution %\ld be pursu$1 my rem>ks _h bett] nev] h be5 writt54 ,!re may be v>iety 9 me?ods & plan2 b ?r\gh all ?is v>iety1 ! s*ool1 & e individual pupil ( x1 mu/ g /eadily =w>d 9 ! acquisition ( t k :i* is ( greate/ importance 9 ! bus9ess ( future life4 ,9 o!r words1 ! v>iations & *anges1 admitt$ by ! tea*]1 ought to be ma9ly conf9$ to ! modes ( accompli%+ ^? p]man5t objects to :i* all ! ex]cises & arrangem5ts ( ! s*ool ought /eadily to aim4 ,m on ?is subject h[ev] 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,i w m5tion "o o!r circum/ance1 :i* w help to expla9 ! diff]5ce 9 int]e/ & pleasure ) :i* tea*]s engage 9 _! "w4 ,i mean ! diff]5t views !y take ( ! (f5ces ( _! pupils4 ,"o class ( tea*]s seem nev] to make x a "p ( _! calculation t _! pupils w d wrong1 & :5 any misconduct occurs1 !y are disconc]t$ & irritat$1 & look & act z if "s unexpect$ occurr5ce _h brok5 9 ^u _! plans4 ,o!rs und]/& & consid] all ?is be=eh&4 ,!y seem to ?9k a little1 be=e !y g into _! s*ool1 :at sort ( be+s boys & girls are1 & any ord9>y case ( y\?ful del9qu5cy or dulness does n surprise !m4 ,i d n mean t !y treat su* cases ) indiff]5ce or neglect1 b t !y expect !m1 & are prep>$ = !m4 ,su* a tea*] kn[s t boys & girls1 are ! mat]ials he has to "w ^u1 & he takes c>e to make himself acqua9t$ ) ^! mat]ials1 j z !y are4 ,! o!r class h[ev]1 d n seem to "k at all1 :at sort ( be+s !y h to deal )1 or if !y "k1 d n consid]4 ,!y expect f !m :at is n to be obta9$1 & !n are disappo9t$ & vex$ at ! failure4 ,x is z if a c>p5t] %\ld attempt to support an entablature by pill>s ( wood too small & weak = ! weight1 & !n g on1 f week to week1 suff]+ anxiety & irritation1 z he sees !m swell+ & splitt+ "u ! burd51 & f9d+ fault ) ! wood1 in/ead ( tak+ x to himself4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 "o ess5tial "p ( a man's duty 9 engag+ 9 any und]tak+1 :e!r x w lead him to act ^u matt] or ^u m9d1 to become fir/ well acqua9t$ ) ! circum/ances ( ! case1--! mat]ials he is to act ^u1 & ! means :i* he may reasonably expect to h at 8 comm&4 ,if he und]rates 8 difficulties1 or ov]rates ! p[] ( 8 means ( ov]com+ !m1 x is 8 mi/ake2 a mi/ake = :i* he is fully responsible4 ,:atev] may be ! nature ( ! effect :i* he aims at accompli%+1 he ought fully to und]/& x1 & to appreciate ju/ly ! difficulties :i* lie 9 ! way4 ,tea*]s h[ev] v (t5 ov]look ?is4 ,a man comes home f 8 s*ool at night1 p]plex$ & irritat$ by ! petty misconduct :i* he has witness$1 & be5 try+ to *eck4 ,he does n h[ev]1 look =w>d & try to prev5t ! occasions ( x1 adapt+ 8 measures to ! nature ( ! mat]ial ^u :i* he has to op]ate2 b he /&s l ! c>p5t] at 8 columns1 mak+ himself mis]able 9 look+ at x1 aft] x occurs1 & wond]+ :at to d4 ,sir1 we might say to him1 :at is ! matt]8 ,:y1 ,i h su* boys1 ,i c d no?+ ) !m4 ,7 x n = _! misconduct1 ,i might h a v good s*ool4 ,7 x n = ! boys8 ,:y1 is !re any peculi> depravity 9 !m :i* y c\ld n h =ese58 ,no2 ,i suppose !y are pretty mu* l all o!r boys1 he replies despair+ly2 !y are all hair-bra9$ & unmanageable4 ,! plans ,i h =m$ = my s*ool1 w\ld be excell5t if my boys w\ld only behave prop]ly4 ,excell5t plans1 might we n reply1 & yet n adapt$ to ! mat]ials ^u :i* !y are to op]ate6 ,no4 ,x is y\r bus9ess to "k :at sort ( be+s boys are1 & to make y\r calculations accord+ly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,two tea*]s may !re=e manage _! s*ools 9 totally diff]5t ways3 s t "o ( !m1 may necess>ily f9d ! bus9ess a dull1 me*anical r\t9e1 except z x is occasionally v>i$ by p]plexity & irritation2 & ! o!r1 a prosp]\s & happy employm5t4 ,! "o goes on me*anically ! same1 & dep5ds = 8 p[] on viol5ce1 or on ?reats & demon/rations ( viol5ce4 ,! o!r br+s all 8 +5uity & ent]prise into ! field1 to accompli% a /eady purpose1 by means ev] v>y+1 & dep5ds = 8 p[]1 on 8 k ( human nature1 & on ! adroit adaptation ( plans to h] fix$ & uni=m t5d5cies4 ,i am v sorry h[ev] to be oblig$ to say1 t probably ! latt] class ( tea*]s are decid$ly 9 ! m9ority4 ,to practice ! art 9 su* a way z to make x an agreeable employm5t1 is difficult1 & x requires mu* k ( human nature1 mu* att5tion & skill4 ,&1 aft] all1 !re are "s circum/ances necess>ily att5d+ ! "w :i* con/itute a heavy drawback on ! pleasures :i* x might o!rwise af=d4 ,! almo/ univ]sal impression t ! bus9ess ( tea*+ is att5d$ ) peculi> trials & difficulties1 proves ?is4 ,!re mu/ be "s cause = an impression s g5]al4 ,x is n "r to call x a prejudice1 =1 al?\gh a s+le individual may conceive a prejudice1 :ole communities v seldom d1 unless 9 "s case1 :i* is pres5t$ at once to ! :ole1 s t look+ at x1 ?r\gh a common m$ium1 all judge wrong toge!r4 ,b ! g5]al op9ion 9 reg>d to tea*+ is compos$ ( a va/ numb] ( sep>ate & indep5d5t judgm5ts1 & !re mu/ be "s good gr\nd = ! univ]sal result4 ,x is be/ !re=e1 if !re are any real & peculi> s\rces ( trial & difficulty 9 ?is pursuit1 t !y %\ld be di/9ctly kn[n & ackn[l$g$ at ! outset4 ,c\nt ! co/ be=e go+ to w>4 ,x is ev5 bett] policy to ov]rate1 ?an to und]rate x4 ,let u see !n :at ! real difficulties ( tea*+ are4 ,x is n h[ev]1 z is g5]ally suppos$1 ! conf9em5t4 ,a tea*] is conf9$1 x is true1 b n m ?an m5 ( o!r pr(essions & employm5ts2 n m ?an a m]*ant1 & probably n z mu*4 ,a physician is conf9$ 9 a diff]5t way1 b m closely ?an a tea*]3 he c nev] leave home3 he kn[s g5]ally no vacation1 & no?+ b accid5tal re/4 ,! lawy] is conf9$ z mu*4 ,x is true1 !re are n ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 exact h\rs :i* he mu/ keep1 b consid]+ ! imp]i\s dem&s ( 8 bus9ess1 8 p]sonal lib]ty is probably re/ra9$ z mu* by x1 z t ( ! tea*]4 ,s ) all ! o!r pr(essions4 ,al?\gh ! nature ( ! conf9em5t may v>y1 x am\nts to ab\t ! same 9 all4 ,on ! o!r h& ! tea*] enjoys1 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject ( conf9em5t1 an advantage1 :i* sc>cely any o!r class ( m5 does or c enjoy4 ,i mean vacations4 ,a man 9 any o!r bus9ess may =ce himself away f x1 = a "t1 b ! c>es & anxieties ( 8 bus9ess w foll[ him :]ev] he goes1 & x seems to be res]v$ = ! tea*]1 to enjoy alone ! p]iodical luxury ( a real & entire release f bus9ess & c>e4 ,on ! :ole1 z to conf9em5t1 x seems to me t ! tea*] has b little gr\nd ( compla9t4 ,!re are h[ev] "s real & s]i\s difficulties :i* always h1 & x is to be fe>$1 always w1 clu/] ar\nd ?is employm5t2 & :i* mu/1 = a long "t1 at lea/1 lead mo/ m5 to desire "s o!r employm5t = ! bus9ess ( life4 ,!re may p]haps be "s1 :o by _! peculi> skill1 c ov]come1 or avoid !m1 & p]haps ! sci5ce may1 at "s future day1 be s f> improv$1 t all may avoid !m4 ,z ,i describe !m h[ev] n[1 mo/ ( ! tea*]s into ^: h&s ?is treatise may fall1 w probably f9d t _! own exp]i5ce corresponds1 9 ?is respect1 ) m9e4 #a4 ,! fir/ great difficulty :i* ! tea*] feels1 is a sort ( moral responsibility = ! conduct ( o!rs4 ,if 8 pupils d wrong1 he feels almo/ p]sonal responsibility = x4 ,z he walks out1 "s aft]noon1 we>y ) 8 labors1 & endeavor+ to =get1 = a little "t1 all 8 c>es1 he comes ^u a gr\p ( boys1 9 rude & noisy qu>rels1 or engag$ 9 mis*ief ( "s sort1 & 8 he>t s9ks )9 him4 ,x is h>d en\gh = any "o to witness _! bad conduct1 ) a _s unruffl$ & undi/urb$1 b = _! tea*]1 x is p]haps impossible4 ,he feels responsible2 9 fact he is responsible4 ,if 8 s*ol>s are disord]ly1 or neglig5t1 or idle1 or qu>relsome1 he feels condemn$ himself1 almo/ z if he 71 himself1 ! actual transgressor4 ,?is difficulty is 9 a great degree1 peculi> to a tea*]4 ,a physician is call$ ^u to prescribe = a pati5t2 he exam9es ! case1 & writes 8 prescription4 ,:5 ?is is done1 8 duty is end$1 & :e!r ! pati5t obeys ! prescription & lives1 or neglects x & dies1 ! physician feels exon]at$ f all responsibility4 ,he may1 & 9 "s cases does feel anxi\s conc]n1 & may regret ! infatuation by :i*1 9 "s unhappy case1 a valuable life may be haz>d$ or de/roy$4 ,b he feels no moral responsibility = ano!r's guilt4 ,x is s ) all ! o!r employm5ts 9 life4 ,!y d inde$ (t5 br+ m5 into collision ) o!r m54 ,b ?\gh sometimes vex$1 & irritat$ by ! conduct ( a neighbor1 a cli5t1 or a pati5t1 !y feel n half ! bitt]ness ( ! solicitude & anxiety :i* come to ! tea*] ?r\gh ! crim9ality ( 8 pupil4 ,9 ord9>y cases he n only feels responsible = ef=ts1 b = _! results2 & :51 not)/&+ all 8 ef=ts1 8 pupils w d wrong1 8 _s s9ks1 ) an int5sity ( anxi\s despond5cy1 :i* none b a tea*] c und]/&4 ,?is feel+ ( almo/ moral acc\ntability = ! guilt ( o!r p]sons1 is a cont9ual burd54 ,! tea*] 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pupil nev] is free f x4 ,x l9ks him to !m by a bond1 :i*1 p]haps1 he ought n to sund]1 & :i* he _c sund] if he w\ld4 ,& sometimes1 :5 ^? committ$ to 8 *>ge are idle1 or fai?less1 or unpr9cipl$1 x we>s away 8 spirits & 8 heal? toge!r4 ,i ?9k !re is no?+ analog\s to ?is moral connexion betwe5 tea*] & pupil1 unless x be 9 ! case ( a p>5t & *ild4 ,& "h on acc\nt ( ! comp>ative smallness ( ! numb] "u ! p>5t's c>e1 ! evil is s mu* dim9i%$ t x is easily borne4 #b4 ,! second great difficulty ( ! tea*]'s employm5ts1 is ! imm5se multiplicity ( ! objects ( 8 att5tion & c>e1 dur+ ! "t he is employ$ 9 8 bus9ess4 ,8 s*ol>s are individuals1 & not)/&+ all t ! mo/ sy/ematic c d1 9 ! way ( classification1 !y mu/ be att5d$ to 9 a great measure1 z individuals4 ,a m]*ant keeps 8 commodities toge!r1 & looks ^u a c>go compos$ ( t5 ?\s& articles1 & wor? #ajj1jjj doll>s z "o3 he speaks ( x z "o3 & !re is1 9 _m cases1 no m p]plexity 9 plann+ its de/9ation1 ?an if x 7 a s+le box ( rais9s4 ,a lawy] may h a great _m important cases1 b he has only "o at a "t2 t is1 he att5ds to b "o at a "t4 ,t "o may be intricate1--involv+ _m facts & requir+ to be exam9$ 9 _m aspects & relations4 ,b he looks at b few ( ^! facts & reg>ds b few ( ^! relations at a "t4 ,! po9ts :i* dem& 8 att5tion come1 "o aft] ano!r1 9 regul> succession4 ,8 m9d may ?us be kept calm4 ,he avoids confusion & p]plexity4 ,b no skill or classification w turn ! poor tea*]'s hundr$ s*ol>s into "o1 or enable him1 except to a v limit$ ext5t1 & = a v limit$ purpose1 to reg>d !m z "o4 ,he has a di/9ct1 &1 9 _m respects1 a diff]5t "w to d = e "o ( ! cr[d be=e him4 ,difficulties mu/ be expla9$ 9 detail2 que/ions mu/ be answ]$ "o by "o2 & ea* s*ol>'s own conduct & "* mu/ be consid]$ by itself4 ,8 "w is ?us made up ( a ?\s& m9ute p>ticul>s1 :i* are all cr[d+ ^u 8 att5tion at once1 & :i* he _c gr\p toge!r1 or comb9e1 or simplify4 ,he mu/ by "s means or o!r att5d to !m 9 all _! di/ract+ individuality4 ,& 9 a l>ge & complicat$ s*ool1 ! endless multiplicity & v>iety ( objects ( att5tion & c>e1 impose a task "u :i* few intellects c long /&4 ,i h said t ?is endless multiplicity & v>iety _c be r$uc$ & simplifi$ by classification4 ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 t ?is c be done only to a v limit$ ext5t1 comp>$ ) :at may be effect$ 9 ! o!r pursuits ( mank9d4 ,7 x n = ! art ( classification & sy/em1 no s*ool c\ld h m ?an t5 s*ol>s1 z ,i int5d h]eaft] to %[4 ,! great reliance ( ! tea*] is ^u ?is art1 to r$uce to "s tol]able ord]1 :at w\ld o!rwise be ! inextricable confusion ( 8 bus9ess4 ,he mu/ be sy/ematic4 ,he mu/ classify & arrange2 b aft] he has done all t he c1 he mu/ /ill expect t 8 daily bus9ess w cont9ue to consi/ ( a va/ multitude ( m9ute p>ticul>s1 f "o to ano!r ( :i* ! m9d mu/ turn ) a rapidity1 :i*1 few ( ! o!r employm5ts ( life ev] dem&4 ,^! are ! ess5tial s\rces ( difficulty ) :i* ! tea*] has to cont5d2 b1 z ,i %all endeavor to %[ 9 succe$+ *apt]s1 ?\gh !y _c be entirely remov$1 !y c be s f> mitigat$ by ! appropriate means1 z to r5d] ! employm5t a happy "o4 ,i h ?\ght x be/ h[ev]1 z ?is "w w d\btless be read by _m1 :o1 :5 !y read x1 are yet to beg9 _! labors1 to describe frankly & fully to !m ! difficulties :i* beset ! pa? !y are ab\t to ent]4 ,! wisdom ( ! prud5t is1 to und]/& 8 way4 ,x is (t5 wisdom to und]/& x be=eh&4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,g5]al ,,arrangem5ts4 ,! di/raction & p]plexity ( ! tea*]'s life are1 z 0 expla9$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 almo/ prov]bial4 ,!re are o!r press+ & exhau/+ pursuits1 :i* we> away ! _s by ! ceaseless c>e :i* !y impose1 or p]plex & bewild] ! intellect by ! multiplicity & intricacy ( _! details4 ,b ! bus9ess ( tea*+1 by a pre-em95ce n v enviable1 /&s1 almo/ by common cons5t1 at ! head ( ! catalogue4 ,i h already allud$ to ?is subject 9 ! prec$+ *apt]2 & probably ! great] majority ( actual tea*]s w admit ! tru? ( ! view !re pres5t$4 ,"s w h[ev]1 d\btless say1 t !y d n f9d ! bus9ess ( tea*+ s p]plex+ & exhau/+ an employm5t4 ,!y take ?+s calmly4 ,!y d "o ?+ at a "t1 & t )\t useless solicitude & anxiety4 ,s t tea*+1 ) !m1 ?\gh x has1 inde$1 its solicitudes & c>es1 z e o!r responsible employm5t mu/ necess>ily h1 is1 aft] all1 a calm & quiet pursuit1 :i* !y foll[ f mon? to mon?1 & f ye> to ye>1 )\t any extraord9>y agitations1 or any unusual burd5s ( anxiety & c>e4 ,!re are inde$ su* cases1 b !y are exceptions2 & unque/ionably an imm5se majority1 especially ( ^? :o are beg9n]s 9 ! "w1 f9d x su* z ,i h describ$4 ,i ?9k x ne$ n be s2 or r1 ,i ?9k ! evil may be avoid$ to a v great degree4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i %all endeavor to %[ h[ ord] may be produc$ out ( t almo/ inextricable mass ( confusion1 into :i* s _m tea*]s1 on comm5c+ _! labors1 f9d !mselves plung$4 ,! objects !n1 to be aim$ at 9 ! g5]al arrangem5ts ( s*ools1 are two-fold4 #a4 ,t ! tea*] may be left un9t]rupt$1 to att5d to "o ?+ at a "t4 #b4 ,t ! individual s*ol>s may h con/ant employm5t1 & su* an am\nt & su* k9ds ( /udy1 z %all be suit$ to ! circum/ances & capacities ( ea*4 ,i %all exam9e ea* 9 _! ord]4 #a4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal ?+s :i*1 9 a va/ numb] ( s*ools1 are all ! "t press+ ^u ! tea*]3 or r1 !y are ! ?+s :i* mu/1 e :]e1 press ^u ! tea*]1 except s f> z1 by ! skill ( 8 arrangem5ts1 he contrives to remove !m4 #a4 ,giv+ leave to :isp] or to leave seats4 #b4 ,m5d+ p5s4 #c4 ,answ]+ que/ions 9 reg>d to /udies4 #d4 ,he>+ recitations4 #e4 ,wat*+ ! behavior ( ! s*ol>s4 #f4 ,adm9i/]+ repro( & puni%m5t = (f5ces z !y occur4 ,a pretty l>ge numb] ( objects ( att5tion & c>e1 "o w\ld say1 to be press+ ^u ! m9d ( ! tea*] at "o & ! same "t1--& all ! "t1 too6 ,hundr$s & hundr$s ( tea*]s 9 e "p ( our c\ntry1 !re is no d\bt1 h all ^!1 cr[d+ ^u !m f morn+ to night1 ) no cessation1 except p]haps "s accid5tal & mom5t>y respite4 ,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 :ile ! pr9cipal common s*ools 9 our c\ntry are 9 op]ation1 x is sad to reflect h[ _m tea*]s come home1 e ev5+1 ) bewild]$ & a*+ heads1 hav+ be5 va9ly try+ all ! day1 to d six ?+s at a "t1 :ile ,he1 :o made ! human m9d1 has det]m9$ t x %all d b "o4 ,h[ _m become disc\rag$ & di%e>t5$ by :at !y consid] ! unavoidable trials ( a tea*]'s life1 & give up 9 despair1 j because _! faculties w n su/a9 a six-fold task4 ,!re are multitudes :o1 9 e>ly life1 attempt$ tea*+1 &1 aft] hav+ be5 worri$1 almo/ to di/raction1 by ! simultane\s pressure ( ^! multif>i\s c>es1 gave up ! employm5t 9 disgu/1 & =ev] aft]w>ds wond] h[ any body c l tea*+4 ,i "k multitudes ( p]sons to :om ! above description w exactly apply4 ,i once he>d a tea*] :o _h be5 v successful1 ev5 9 l>ge s*ools1 say t he c\ld he> two classes recite1 m5d p5s1 & wat* 8 s*ool1 all at ! same "t2 & t1 )\t any di/raction ( m9d1 or any unusual fatigue4 ,( c\rse ! recitations 9 su* a case mu/ be memorit]4 ,!re are v few m9ds h[ev]1 :i* c ?us p]=m triple or quadruple "w1 & probably none :i* c safely be task$ s sev]ely4 ,= my "p1 ,i c d b "o ?+ at a "t2 & ,i h no "q t ! true policy = all1 is1 to le>n1 n to d e ?+ at once1 b s to classify & arrange _! "w1 t !y %all h b "o ?+ to d4 ,in/ead ( va9ly attempt+ to att5d simultane\sly to a doz5 ?+s1 !y %\ld s plan _! "w1 t only "o w dem& att5tion4 ,let u !n exam9e ! v>i\s p>ticul>s above m5tion$ 9 succession1 & see h[ ea* c be dispos$ (1 s z n to be a con/ant s\rce ( int]ruption & d]angem5t4 #a4 ,:isp]+ & leav+ seats4 ,9 reg>d to ?is subject1 !re are v diff]5t me?ods1 n[ 9 practice 9 diff]5t s*ools4 ,9 "s1 especially 9 v small s*ools1 ! tea*] all[s ! pupils to act accord+ to _! own discretion4 ,!y :isp] & leave _! seats :5ev] !y ?9k x necess>y4 ,?is plan may possibly be admissible 9 a v small s*ool2 t is1 9 "o ( t5 or twelve pupils4 ,i am conv9c$1 h[ev]1 t x is v bad "h4 ,no vigilant wat*1 :i* x is possible = any tea*] to ex]t1 w prev5t a va/ am\nt ( m]e talk1 entirely =eign to ! bus9ess ( ! s*ool4 ,i tri$ ?is plan v ?or\ghly1 ) high ideas ( ! dep5d5ce :i* might be plac$ ^u consci5ce & a s5se ( duty1 if ^! pr9ciples are prop]ly br\ght out to action 9 an ef=t to su/a9 ! sy/em4 ,i 0 told by di/+ui%$ tea*]s1 t x w\ld n be f\nd to answ]4 ,b pr$ictions ( failure 9 su* cases only prompt to great] ex]tions1 & ,i p]sev]$4 ,b ,i 0 =c$ at la/ to give up ! po9t1 & adopt ano!r plan4 ,my pupils w\ld make resolutions en\gh2 !y und]/ood _! duty well en\gh4 ,!y 7 all[$ to leave _! seats & :isp] to _! companions1 :5ev]1 9 _! hone/ judgm5t1 x 0 necess>y = ! prosecution ( _! /udies4 ,i knew t x sometimes w\ld be necess>y1 & ,i 0 desir\s to adopt ?is plan to save myself ! con/ant int]ruption ( he>+ & reply+ to reque/s4 ,b x w\ld n d4 ,:5ev]1 f "t to "t1 ,i call$ !m to acc\nt1 ,i f\nd t a l>ge majority1 accord+ to _! own confession1 7 9 ! habit ( hold+ daily & delib]ate communication ) ea* o!r1 on subjects entirely =eign to ! bus9ess ( ! s*ool4 ,a m exp]i5c$ tea*] w\ld h pr$ict$ ?is result2 b ,i _h v high ideas ( ! p[] ( cultivat$ consci5ce2 & 9 fact1 /ill h4 ,b !n1 l mo/ o!r p]sons :o become possess$ ( a good idea1 ,i c\ld n be satisfi$ )\t c>ry+ x to an extreme4 ,/ill x is necess>y to give pupils1 sometimes1 ! opportunity to :isp] & leave seats4 ,cases occur :]e ?is is unavoidable4 ,x _c !re=e be =bidd5 altoge!r4 ,h[ !n1 y w ask1 c ! tea*] regulate ?is practice1 s z to prev5t ! evils :i* w o!rwise fl[ f x1 )\t be+ cont9ually int]rupt$ by ! reque/ = p]mission8 ,by a v simple me?od4 ,appropriate p>ticul> times at :i* all ?is bus9ess is to be done1 & =bid x altoge!r at e o!r "t4 ,x is well on o!r acc\nts to give ! pupils ( a s*ool a little respite1 at lea/ e h\r2 & if ?is is done1 an int]mission ( /udy = two m9utes ea* "t1 w be suffici5t4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 g5]al p]mission %\ld be giv5 to speak or to leave seats1 provid$ !y d no?+ at su* a "t to di/urb ! /udies ( o!rs4 ,?is has be5 my plan = two or ?ree ye>s1 & no arrangem5t :i* ,i h ev] made1 has op]at$ = s long a "t1 s un9t]rupt$ly1 & s entirely to my satisfaction z ?is4 ,x ( c\rse w require "s little "t1 & no little firmness1 to e/abli% ! new ord] ( ?+s1 :]e a s*ool has be5 accu/om$ to ano!r c\rse2 b :]e ?is is once done1 ,i "k no "o plan s simple & s easily put into execution1 :i* w d s mu* t[>ds reliev+ ! tea*] ( ! di/raction & p]plexity ( 8 pursuits4 ,9 mak+ ! *ange1 h[ev]1 x is ( fundam5tal importance t ! pupils %\ld !mselves be int]e/$ 9 x4 ,_! coop]ation1 or r ! coop]ation ( ! majority1 :i* x is v easy to obta91 is absolutely ess5tial to success4 ,i say ?is is v easily obta9$4 ,let u suppose t "s tea*]1 :o has be5 accu/om$ to require 8 pupils to ask & obta9 p]mission1 e "t !y wi% to speak to a companion1 is induc$ by ^! rem>ks to introduce ?is plan4 ,he says accord+ly to 8 s*ool3 ,y "k t y are n[ accu/om$ to ask me :5ev] y wi% to obta9 p]mission to :isp] to a companion1 or to leave y\r seats3 n[ ,i h be5 ?9k+ ( a plan :i* w be bett] = bo? y & me4 ,by our pres5t plan1 y are sometimes oblig$ to wait be=e ,i c att5d to y\r reque/4 ,sometimes ,i ?9k x is unnecess>y1 & d5y y1 :5 p]haps ,i 0 mi/ak51 & x 0 really necess>y4 ,at o!r times1 ,i ?9k x v probable1 t :5 x is q desirable = y to leave y\r seat1 y d n ask1 because y ?9k y may n obta9 p]mission1 & y d n wi% to ask & be refus$4 ,d y1 or n1 exp]i5ce ^! inconv5i5ces f our pres5t plans8 ,! boys w\ld und\bt$ly answ] 9 ! affirmative4 ,i exp]i5ce great inconv5i5ce1 too4 ,i am v frequ5tly int]rupt$ :5 busily engag$1 & x also occupies a great portion ( my "t & att5tion4 ,x requires z mu* m5tal ef=t to consid] & decide sometimes :e!r ,i ought to all[ a pupil to leave 8 seat1 z x w\ld to decide a mu* m important "q2 !re=e ,i d n l our plan1 & ,i h ano!r to propose4 ,! boys are all att5tion to "k :at ! new plan is4 ,x w always be ( great advantage to ! s*ool1 = ! tea*] to propose 8 new plans f "t to "t to 8 pupils 9 su* a way z ?is4 ,x int]e/s !m 9 ! improvem5t ( ! s*ool1 ex]cises _! judgm5t1 e/abli%es a common feel+ betwe5 tea*] & pupil1 & 9 _m o!r ways w assi/ v mu* 9 promot+ ! welf>e ( ! s*ool4 ,my plan1 cont9ues ! tea*]1 is ?is3--to all[ y all1 besides ! recess1 a %ort "t1 two or ?ree m9utes p]haps1 e h\r2 7or e half h\r1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! s*ool1 ! age ( ! pupils1 or o!r circum/ances1 to be judg$ ( by ! tea*]17 dur+ :i* y may all :isp] or leave y\r seats1 )\t ask+ p]mission4 ,in/ead ( decid+ ! "q ( ! frequ5cy ( ?is g5]al p]mission1 ! tea*] may1 if he pleases1 leave x to ! pupils to decide4 ,x is (t5 useful to leave ! decision ( su* a "q to !m4 ,on ?is subject1 h[ev]1 ,i %all speak 9 ano!r place4 ,x is only necess>y1 "h1 to say1 t ?is po9t may be safely left to !m1 s9ce ! "t is s small :i* is to be ?us appropriat$4 ,ev5 if !y vote to h ! g5]al p]mission to :isp] e half h\r1 x w make b eight m9utes 9 ! =5oon4 ,!re be+ six half h\rs 9 ! =5oon1 & "o ( !m end+ at ! close ( s*ool1 & ano!r at ! recess1 only f\r ( ^! re/s1 z a milit>y man w\ld call !m1 w\ld be necess>y2 & f\r1 ( two m9utes ea*1 w\ld make eight m9utes4 ,if ! tea*] ?9ks t evil w\ld result f ! int]ruption ( ! /udies s (t51 he may (f] ! pupils ?ree m9utes re/ e h\r1 in/ead ( two m9utes e half h\r1 & let !m take _! *oice2 or he may decide ! case altoge!r himself4 ,su* a *ange1 f p>ticul> p]mission on individual reque/s to g5]al p]mission at /at$ times1 w\ld unque/ionably be popul> 9 e s*ool1 if ! tea*] manag$ ! bus9ess prop]ly4 ,& by pres5t+ x z an object ( common int]e/1--an arrangem5t propos$ = ! common conv5i5ce ( tea*] & pupils1 ! latt] may be mu* int]e/$ 9 c>ry+ ! plan into effect4 ,we mu/ n rely1 h[ev]1 entirely ^u _! int]e/ 9 x4 ,all t we c expect f su* an ef=t to int]e/ !m1 z ,i h describ$ & recomm5d$1 is to get a majority on our side1 s t we may h only a small m9ority1 to deal ) by o!r measures4 ,/ill we mu/ calculate on hav+ ?is m9ority1 & =m our plans accord+ly1 or we %all be sadly disappo9t$4 ,i %all1 h[ev]1 9 ano!r place1 speak ( ?is pr9ciple ( int]e/+ ! pupils 9 our plans1 = ! purpose ( secur+ a majority 9 our favor1 & expla9 ! me?ods by :i* ! m9ority is !n to be gov]n$4 ,i only mean "h to say1 t1 by su* means1 ! tea*] may easily int]e/ a l>ge proportion ( ! s*ol>s1 9 c>ry+ 8 plans into effect1 & t he mu/ expect to be prep>$ ) o!r measures1 = ^?1 :o w n be gov]n$ by ^!4 ,y _c reasonably expect h[ev]1 t imm$iately aft] hav+ expla9$ y\r plan1 x w1 at once1 g into full & complete op]ation4 ,ev5 ^? :o are firmly det]m9$ to keep ! rule1 w1 f inadv]t5ce1 = a day or two1 make communication ) ea* o!r4 ,!y mu/ be tra9$1 n by ?reat5+ & puni%m5t1 b by y\r good-humor$ assi/ance1 to _! new duties4 ,:5 ,i fir/ adopt$ ?is plan 9 my s*ool1 some?+ l ! foll[+ proce$+s took place4 ,d y suppose t y w p]fectly keep ?is rule1 f ?is "t8 ,no sir1 0 ! answ]4 ,i suppose y w n4 ,"s1 ,i am afraid1 may n really be det]m9$ to keep x1 & o!rs w =get4 ,n[ ,i wi% e "o w\ld keep an exact acc\nt to day1 ( all ! in/ances ( speak+ & leav+ seats1 out ( ! regul> times1 & be prep>$ to report !m at ! close ( ! s*ool4 ,( c\rse1 ,i %all h no puni%m5t = x2 b x w v mu* assi/ y to wat* y\rselves1 if y expect to make a report at ! end ( ! =5oon4 ,d y l ?is plan8 ,yes sir1 0 ! answ]1 & all seem$ to ent] into x ) _s4 ,9 ord] to m>k m def9itely ! times = communication ,i wrote1 9 l>ge lett]s1 on a piece ( pa/ebo>d1 ,,/udy ,,h\rs1 & mak+ a hole ov] ! c5tre ( x1 ,i hung x ^u a nail1 ov] my desk4 ,at ! close ( ea* half h\r1 a little bell 0 to be /ruck1 & ?is c>d 0 to be tak5 d[n4 ,:5 x 0 up1 !y 71 on no occasion :atev]1 7except "s su* extraord9>y occurr5ce z sickness1 or my s5d+ "o ( !m on a message to ano!r1 or some?+ cle>ly out ( ! common c\rse17 to speak to ea* o!r2 b 7 to wait1 :atev] !y want$1 until ! ,/udy ,c>d1 z !y call$ x1 0 tak5 d[n4 ,suppose n[1 said ,i1 t a "y lady has come into s*ool1 & has accid5tally left h] book 9 ! entry2--! book f :i* %e is to /udy dur+ ! fir/ half h\r ( ! s*ool3 %e sits ne> ! door1 & %e might1 9 a mom5t1 slip out & obta9 x3 if %e does n1 %e mu/ sp5d ! half h\r 9 idl5ess1 & be unprep>$ 9 h] lesson4 ,:at is x h] duty to d8 ,to g2 ,n to g2 answ]$ ! s*ol>s simultane\sly4 ,x w\ld be h] duty n to g2 b ,i suppose x w be v difficult = me to conv9ce y ( x4 ,! reason is ?is1 ,i cont9u$2 if ! "o case ,i h suppos$1 7 ! only "o1 :i* w\ld be likely to occur1 x w\ld und\bt$ly be bett] = h] to g2 b if x is und]/ood t1 9 su* cases1 ! rule may be disp5s$ )1 !re w be _m o!rs1 :]e x w be equally necess>y to lay x aside4 ,s*ol>s w diff] 9 reg>d to ! degree ( inconv5i5ce1 :i* !y mu/ submit to1 r ?an break ! rule4 ,!y w gradually d x on slight] & slight] occasions1 until at la/ ! rule w be disreg>d$ entirely4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 draw a precise l9e1 & individuals mu/ submit to a little inconv5i5ce1 sometimes1 to promote ! g5]al good4 ,at ! close ( ! day1 ,i reque/$ all 9 ! s*ool to rise4 ,:ile !y 7 /&+1 ,i call$ !m to acc\nt 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,n[ x is v probable t "s h1 f inadv]t5ce1 or f design1 omitt$ to keep an acc\nt ( ! numb] ( transgressions ( ! rule1 :i* !y h committ$ dur+ ! day2 o!rs1 p]haps1 d n wi% to make a report ( !mselves4 ,n[ z ?is is a common & volunt>y ef=t1 ,i wi% to h none r5d] assi/ance1 :o d n1 ( _! own accord1 desire to d s2 all ^?1 !re=e1 :o are n able to make a report1 f n hav+ be5 correct 9 keep+ x1 & all ^? :o are unwill+ to report !mselves1 may sit4 ,a v small numb] hesitat+ly took _! seats4 ,i am afraid t all d n sit1 :o really wi% n to report !mselves4 ,n[ ,i am hone/ 9 say+ ,i wi% y to d j z y please4 ,if a great majority ( ! s*ool really wi% to assi/ me 9 accompli%+ ! object1 :y1 ( c\rse1 ,i am glad2 /ill1 ,i %all n call ^u any = su* assi/ance1 unless x is freely & volunt>ily r5d]$4 ,"o or two m took _! seats :ile ^! ?+s 7 say+4 ,among su*1 !re w\ld g5]ally be "s1 :o w\ld refuse to h any ?+ to d ) ! measure1 j f a desire to ?w>t & imp$e ! plans ( ! tea*]4 ,if s1 x is be/ to take no notice ( !m4 ,if ! tea*] c contrive to obta9 a great majority ^u 8 side1 s z to let !m see t any opposition :i* !y c raise1 is ( no consequ5ce1 & is n ev5 notic$1 !y w soon be a%am$ ( x4 ,! reports !n ( ^? :o rema9$ /&+1 7 call$ =2 fir/1 ^? :o _h :isp]$ only once 7 reque/$ to sit2 !n ^? :o _h :isp]$ m ?an once1 & less ?an five times1 c4 c41 until at la/ all 7 d[n4 ,9 su* a case1 ! pupils might1 if ?\ght exp$i5t1 aga9 be reque/$ to rise1 = ! purpose ( ask+ "s o!r que/ions1 ) ref]5ce to asc]ta9+ :e!r !y _h spok5 mo/ 9 ! =m] or latt] "p ( ! =5oon4 ,! numb] :o _h spok5 inadv]t5tly1 & ! numb] :o _h done x by design1 might be asc]ta9$4 ,^! inquiries accu/om ! pupils to r5d] hone/ & fai?ful acc\nts ( !mselves4 ,!y become1 by su* means1 famili>iz$ to ! practice1 & by means ( x1 ! tea*] c1 _m times1 receive mo/ important assi/ance4 ,all h[ev]1 %\ld be done 9 a pleasant tone1 & ) a pleasant & *e]ful air4 ,x %\ld be consid]$ by ! pupils1 n a reluctant confession ( guilt1 = :i* !y are to be rebuk$ or puni%$1 b ! volunt>y & free report ( ! result ( an exp]im5t1 9 :i* all are int]e/$4 ,"s w h be5 di%one/ 9 _! reports3 to dim9i% ! numb] ( ^!1 ! tea*] may say1 aft] ! report is conclud$3 ,we w drop ! subject "h to-day4 ,to-morr[ we w make ano!r ef=t1 :5 we %all be m successful4 ,i h tak5 y\r reports z y h (f]$ !m1 )\t any inquiry1 because ,i _h no d\bt1 t a great majority ( ?is s*ool w\ld be hone/1 at all haz>ds4 ,!y w\ld n1 ,i am confid5t1 make a false report1 ev5 if1 by a true "o1 !y 7 to br+ ^u !mselves puni%m5t2 s t ,i ?9k ,i may h confid5ce t ne>ly all ^! reports h be5 fai?ful4 ,/ill1 x is v probable1 t1 among s l>ge a numb]1 "s may h made a report1 :i*1 !y are n[ aw>e1 0 n p]fectly fair & hone/4 ,i d n wi% to "k :o !y are2 if !re are any su* cases1 ,i only wi% to say to ! re/1 h[ mu* pleasant] x is = y t y h be5 hone/ & op54 ,! bus9ess is n[ all end$2 y h done y\r duty2 & ?\gh y report$ a little l>g] numb] ?an y w\ld1 if y _h be5 dispos$ to conceal1 yet y g away f s*ool ) a quiet consci5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ mis]able mu/ any boy feel1 if he has any nobl5ess ( m9d :atev]1 to g away f s*ool1 to-day1 ?9k+ t he has n be5 hone/2 t he has be5 try+ to conceal 8 faults1 & ?us to obta9 a cr$it :i* he did n ju/ly des]ve4 ,always be hone/1 let ! consequ5ce be :at x may4 ,! read] w und]/& t ! object ( su* measures is1 simply to secure z l>ge a majority z possible1 to make volunt>y ef=ts to obs]ve ! rule4 ,i d n expect t by su* measures1 univ]sal ob$i5ce c be exact$4 ,! tea*] mu/ foll[ up ! plan1 aft] a few days1 by o!r measures1 = ^? :o w n yield to su* inducem5ts z ^!4 ,^u ?is subject1 h[ev]1 ,i %all speak m p>ticul>ly at a future "t4 ,9 my own s*ool1 x requir$ two or ?ree weeks to exclude :isp]+ & communication by signs4 ,! p]iod necess>y to effect ! revolution w be long] or %ort]1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( ! s*ool1 & ! dext]ity ( ! tea*]2 &1 aft] all1 ! tea*] mu/ n hope entirely to exclude x4 ,approximation to excell5ce is all t we c expect2 = unpr9cipl$ & deceiv+ *>act]s w p]haps always be f\nd1 & no sy/em :atev] c prev5t _! exi/5ce4 ,prop] treatm5t may inde$ be ! means ( _! re=mation1 b be=e ?is process has arriv$ at a successful result1 o!rs simil> 9 "* w h ent]$1 s t ! tea*] c nev] expect p]fection 9 ! op]ation ( any ( 8 plans4 ,i f\nd s mu* relief f ! *ange :i* ?is plan introduc$1 t ,i soon took measures = r5d]+ x p]man5t2 & ?\gh ,i am n mu* 9 favor ( ef=ts to br+ all tea*]s & all s*ools to ! same plans1 ?is pr9ciple ( :isp]+ at limit$ & prescrib$ times alone1 seems to me well suit$ to univ]sal adoption4 ,! foll[+ simple app>atus has be5 us$ 9 sev]al s*ools :]e ?is pr9ciple has be5 adopt$4 ,a draw+ & description ( x is ins]t$ "h1 z by ?is means1 "s tea*]s1 :o may l to try ! c\rse "h recomm5d$1 may be sav$ ! "t & tr\ble ( contriv+ some?+ ( ! k9d !mselves4 ,! figure a a a a is a bo>d1 ab\t #ah in*es by #ab1 to :i* ! p>ts are to be atta*$1 & :i* is to be nail$ aga9/ ! wall1 at ! height ( ab\t #h feet1 b c d c is a plate ( t9 or brass1 #h in*es by #ab1 ( ! =m repres5t$ 9 ! draw+4 ,at c c1 ! l[] extremities ( ! p>ts at ! sides1 ! metal is b5t r\nd1 s z to clasp a wire :i* runs f c to c1 ! ends ( :i* wire are b5t at "r angles & run into ! bo>d4 ,! plate w consequ5tly turn on ?is axis1 z on a h+e4 ,at ! top ( ! plate d1 a small projection ( ! t9 turns inw>ds1 & to ?is1 "o end ( ! cord m m is atta*$4 ,?is cord passes back f d to a small pulley at ! upp] "p ( ! bo>d1 & at ! t[] end ( x a tassel1 load$ s z to be an exact c\nt]poise to ! c>d1 is atta*$4 ,by rais+ ! tassel1 ! plate w ( c\rse fall ov] =w>d till x is /opp$ by ! "p b /rik+ ! bo>d1 :5 x w be 9 a horizontal position4 ,on ! o!r h&1 by pull+ d[n ! tassel1 ! plate w be rais$ & drawn upw>ds aga9/ ! bo>d1 s z to pres5t its convex surface1 ) ! words ,,/udy ,,h\rs ^u x1 di/9ctly to ! s*ool4 ,9 ! draw+ x is repres5t$ 9 an incl9$ position1 be+ n q drawn up1 t ! p>ts might m easily be se54 ,at d1 !re is a small projection ( ! t9 upw>ds1 :i* t\*es ! clapp] ( ! bell susp5d$ above1 e "t ! plate passes up or d[n1 & ?us give notice ( its motions4 ,illu/ration ,( c\rse ! con/ruction may be v>i$ v mu*1 & x may be m or less exp5sive1 accord+ to ! wi%es ( ! tea*]4 ,9 ! fir/ app>atus ( ?is k9d :i* ,i us$1 ! plate 0 simply a c>d ( pa/ebo>d1 f :i* ! ma*9e took its "n4 ,?is 0 cut out ) a p5knife1 & aft] be+ cov]$ ) m>ble pap]1 a /rip ( :ite pap] 0 pa/$ along ! middle1 ) ! inscription ^u x4 ,! wire c c & a simil> "o at ! top ( ! plate1 7 pass$ ?r\gh a p]=ation 9 ! pa/ebo>d1 & !n pass$ into ! bo>d4 ,in/ead ( a pulley1 ! cord1 :i* 0 a piece ( tw9e1 0 pass$ ?r\gh a little /aple made ( wire & driv5 into ! bo>d4 ,! :ole 0 made 9 "o or two recesses 9 s*ool1 ) su* tools & mat]ials z ,i c\ld !n comm&4 ,! bell 0 a common table bell1 ) a wire pass+ ?r\gh ! h&le4 ,! :ole 0 atta*$ to su* a piece ( p9e bo>d z ,i c\ld get on ! occasion4 ,?is co>se contrivance 01 = m ?an a ye>1 ! gr& regulator ( all ! movem5ts ( ! s*ool4 ,i aft]w>ds _h "o made 9 a bett] mann]4 ,! plate is ( t91 gild$1 ! bord] & ! lett]s ( ! inscription be+ black4 ,a p>lor bell rope passes ov] a brass pulley1 & !n runs d[nw>d 9 a groove made 9 ! mahogany bo>d to :i* ! c>d is atta*$4 ,a little reflection w1 h[ev]1 %[ ! tea*] t ! =m & con/ruction ( ! app>atus = m>k+ ! times ( /udy & ( re/1 may be greatly v>i$4 ,! *ief po9t is simply to secure ! pr9ciple1 ( :isp]+ at def9ite & limit$ times1 & at ^? alone4 ,if su* an arrangem5t is adopt$1 & c>ri$ fai?fully into effect1 x w be f\nd to relieve ! tea*] ( m ?an half ( ! confusion & p]plexity1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be 8 h\rly lot4 ,i h detail$ ?us p>ticul>ly ! me?od to be pursu$ 9 c>ry+ ?is pr9ciple into effect1 because ,i am conv9c$ ( its importance1 & ! incalculable assi/ance :i* su* an arrangem5t w af=d to ! tea*] 9 all 8 plans4 ,( c\rse1 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to recomm5d its adoption1 9 ^? cases1 :]e1 tea*]s1 f _! own exp]i5ce1 h devis$ & adopt$ o!r plans1 :i* accompli% z effectually ! same purpose4 ,all t ,i mean1 is to insi/ ^u ! absolute necessity ( "s plan1 to remove ?is v common s\rce ( int]ruption & confusion1 & ,i recomm5d ?is mode :]e a bett] is n kn[n4 #b4 ,! second ( ! s\rces ( int]ruption1 z ,i h enum]at$ !m1 is m5d+ p5s4 ,?is bus9ess ought1 if possible1 to h a specific "t assign$ to x4 ,s*ol>s are 9 g5]al f> too p>ticul> 9 reg>d to _! p5s4 ,! tea*] ought to expla9 to !m t1 9 ! transaction ( ! ord9>y bus9ess ( life1 !y _c1 always1 h exactly su* a p5 z !y w\ld l4 ,!y mu/ le>n to write ) v>i\s k9ds ( p5s1 & :5 furni%$ ) "o t ! tea*] himself w\ld consid] suitable to write a lett] to a fri5d )1 he mu/ be cont5t4 ,!y %\ld und]/& t ! =m ( ! lett]s is :at is important 9 le>n+ to write1 n ! smoo?ness & cle>ness ( ! hair l9es2 & t ?\gh writ+ looks bett]1 :5 execut$ ) a p]fect p51 a p]son may le>n to write1 ne>ly z well ) "o1 :i* is n absolutely p]fect4 ,s c]ta9 is ?is1 ?\gh (t5 ov]look$1 t a p]son w\ld p]haps le>n fa/] ) *alk ^u a black bo>d1 ?an ) ! be/ goose-quill ev] %>p5$4 ,i d n make ^! rem>ks to %[ t x is ( no consequ5ce1 :e!r s*ol>s h good or bad p5s1 b only t ?is subject des]ves v mu* less ( ! "t & att5tion ( ! tea*]1 ?an x usually receives4 ,:5 ! s*ol>s are all[$1 z !y v g5]ally are1 to come1 :5 !y please1 to pres5t _! p5s1 "s f\r1 five or six times 9 a day--break+ 9 ^u any bus9ess--int]rupt+ any classes--p]plex+ & emb>rass+ ! tea*]1 h[ev] he may be employ$1--!re is a v s]i\s ob/ruction to ! progress ( ! s*ol>s1 :i* is by no means repaid by ! improvem5t 9 ?is bran*4 ,!re are sev]al ways by :i* ?is evil may be rem$i$1 or at lea/ be v effectually curtail$4 ,"s tea*]s take _! p5s ) !m1 & m5d !m 9 ! ev5+ at home4 ,= v>i\s reasons1 ?is _c always be practis$4 ,!re may1 h[ev]1 be a "t set ap>t 9 ! s*ool specially = ?is purpose4 ,b ! be/ plan is1 = ! tea*] n to m5d ! p5s himself4 ,let him *oose f among ! old] & m intellig5t ( 8 s*ol>s1 f\r or five1 :om he w tea*4 ,!y w be v glad to le>n1 & to m5d e day tw5ty-five or fifty p5s ea*4 ,v little +5uity w be necess>y to devise "s plan1 by :i* ! s*ol>s may be apportion$ among ^!1 s t ea* %all supply a giv5 numb]1 & ! tea*] be reliev$ entirely4 #c4 ,answ]+ que/ions ab\t /udies4 ,a tea*] :o does n adopt "s sy/em 9 reg>d to ?is subject1 w be always at ! m]cy ( 8 s*ol>s4 ,"o boy w want to "k h[ to p>se a ^w1 ano!r :]e ! lesson is1 ano!r to h a sum expla9$1 & a f\r? w wi% to %[ 8 "w1 to see if x is "r4 ,! tea*] does n l to disc\rage su* inquiries4 ,ea* "o1 z x comes up1 seems necess>y3 ea* "o too is answ]$ 9 a mom5t2 b ! endless numb]1 & ! cont9ual repetition ( !m consume 8 "t & exhau/ 8 pati5ce4 ,!re is ano!r view ( ! subject1 :i* ought to be tak54 ,p]haps x w\ld n be f> f ! tru?1 to e/imate ! av]age numb] ( s*ol>s 9 ! s*ools 9 our c\ntry1 at fifty4 ,at any rate1 ?is w be ne> en\gh = our pres5t purpose4 ,!re are ?ree h\rs 9 ea* session1 mak+ "o hundr$ & eighty m9utes1 :i*1 divid$ among fifty1 give ab\t ?ree m9utes & a half to ea* individual4 ,if ! read] has1 9 8 own s*ool1 a great] or a less numb]1 he c easily correct ! above1 s z to adapt x to 8 own case1 & asc]ta9 ! portion1 :i* may ju/ly be appropriat$ to ea* pupil4 ,x w probably v>y f two to f\r m9utes4 ,n[ a p]iod ( f\r m9utes slips away v fa/ :ile a man is look+ ov] p]plex+ problems1 & if he exce$s t "t at all1 he is do+ inju/ice to 8 o!r pupils4 ,i d n mean t a man is to conf9e himself1 rigidly1 to ! pr9ciple sugge/$ by ?is calculation1 ( cauti\sly appropriat+ no m "t to any "o ( 8 pupils1 ?an su* a calculation w\ld assign to ea*2 b simply t ?is is a po9t :i* %\ld be kept 9 view1 & h a v /rong influ5ce 9 decid+ h[ f> x is "r to devote att5tion1 exclusively1 to individuals4 ,x seems to me t x %[s v cle>ly1 t "o ought to tea* 8 pupils1 z mu* z possible1 9 masses1 & z little z possible1 by private att5tion to individual cases4 ,! foll[+ directions w help ! tea*] to c>ry ^! pr9ciples into effect4 ,:5 y assign a lesson1 glance ov] x y\rself1 & consid] :at difficulties are likely to arise4 ,y "k ! progress :i* y\r pupils h made1 & c easily anticipate _! difficulties4 ,tell !m all toge!r1 9 ! class1 :at _! difficulties w be1 & h[ !y may surm\nt !m4 ,give !m directions h[ !y are to act 9 ! em]g5cies1 :i* w be likely to occur4 ,?is simple /ep w remove a va/ numb] ( ! que/ions1 :i* w\ld o!rwise become occasions = int]rupt+ y4 ,) reg>d to o!r difficulties1 :i* _c be =ese5 & gu>d$ aga9/1 tell !m to br+ !m to ! class1 ! next recitation4 ,half a doz5 might1 & v probably w\ld meet ) ! same difficulty4 ,if !y br+ x to y "o by "o1 y h to answ] x ov] & ov] aga91 :]eas1 :5 x is br\ght to ! class1 "o explanation answ]s = all4 ,z to all que/ions ab\t ! lesson1--:]e x is1 & :at x is1 & h[ long x is1--nev] answ] !m4 ,require ea* pupil to rememb] = himself1 & if he 0 abs5t :5 ! lesson 0 assign$1 let him ask 8 class mate 9 a recess4 ,y may refuse to give p>ticul> individuals ! private assi/ance !y ask =1 9 su* a way z to disc\rage & irritate !m1 b x is n necess>y4 ,x c be done 9 su* a mann]1 t ! pupil w see ! propriety ( x1 & acquiesce pleasantly 9 x4 ,a *ild comes to y1 = example1 & says1 ,w y tell me1 sir1 :]e ! next lesson is8 ,7 y n 9 ! class at ! "t8 ,yes sir1 b ,i h =gott54 ,well1 ,i h =gott5 too4 ,i h a great _m classes to he>1 & ( c\rse a great _m lessons to assign1 & ,i nev] rememb] !m2 x is n necess>y f> me to rememb]4 ,may ,i speak to "o ( ! class1 to ask ab\t x8 ,y _c speak1 y "k1 till ! ,/udy ,c>d is d[n2 y may1 !n4 ,b ,i want to get my lesson n[4 ,i don't "k :at y w d1 !n3 ,i am sorry y don't rememb]4 ,besides1 cont9ues ! tea*]1 look+ pleasantly1 h[ev]1 :ile he says x1 if ,i knew1 ,i ?9k ,i ought n to tell y4 ,:y1 sir8 ,because1 y "k1 ,i h said ,i wi% ! s*ol>s to rememb] :]e ! lessons are1 & n come to me4 ,y "k x w\ld be v unwise = me1 aft] assign+ a lesson 9 ! class1 to sp5d my "t 9 tell+ ! individuals ov] aga9 "h4 ,n[ if ,i %\ld tell y1 ,i %\ld h to tell o!rs1 & ?us adopt a practice1 :i* ,i h condemn$4 ,take ano!r case4 ,y assign to a class ( little girls a subject ( composition1 reque/+ !m to copy _! writ+ ^u a %eet ( pap]1 leav+ a m>g9 an in* wide at ! top1 & "o ( half an in* at ! sides & bottom4 ,! class take _! seats1 &1 aft] a %ort "t1 "o ( !m comes to y1 say+ %e does n "k h[ long an in* is4 ,don't y "k any ?+ ab\t x8 ,no sir1 n mu*4 ,%\ld y ?9k t is m or less ?an an in*8 7po9t+ to a space on a piece ( pap] mu* too l>ge47 ,m4 ,!n y "k some?+ ab\t x4 ,n[ ,i did n tell y to make ! m>g9s exactly an in*1 & half an in*1 b only z ne> z y c\ld tell4 ,w\ld t be ab\t "r8 asks ! girl1 %[+ a di/ance4 ,i mu/ n tell y1 because y "k ,i nev] 9 su* cases help individuals2 if t is z ne> z y c get x1 y may make x s4 ,x may be well1 aft] assign+ a lesson to a class1 to say t all ^? :o d n di/9ctly und]/& :at !y h to d1 may rema9 aft] ! class h tak5 _! seats1 & ask3 ! task may !n be di/9ctly assign$ aga91 & ! difficulties1 s f> z !y c be =ese51 expla9$4 ,by su* means1 ^! s\rces ( int]ruption & difficulty may1 l ! o!rs1 be almo/ entirely remov$4 ,p]haps n altoge!r1 = _m cases may occur1 :]e ! tea*] may *oose to give a p>ticul> class p]mission to come to him = help4 ,su* p]mission1 h[ev]1 ought nev] to be giv51 unless x is absolutely necess>y1 & %\ld nev] be all[$ to be tak51 unless x is di/9ctly giv54 #d4 ,he>+ recitations4 ,i am aw>e t _m attempt to d some?+ else1 at ! same "t t !y are he>+ a recitation1 & !re may p]haps be "s individuals1 :o c succe$ 9 ?is4 ,if ! ex]cise1 to :i* ! tea*] is att5d+1 consi/s m]ely 9 li/5+ to ! recit+1 f memory1 "s passage committ$1 x c p]haps be done4 ,i hope h[ev] to %[1 9 a future *apt]1 t !re are o!r & f> high] objects1 :i* e tea*] ought to h 9 view1 & he :o und]/&s ^! objects1 & aims at accompli%+ !m1--:o endeavors to in/ruct 8 class1 to enl>ge & elevate _! ideas1 to awak5 a deep & p>am\nt int]e/ 9 ! subject :i* !y are exam9+1 w f9d t 8 "t mu/ be 8 own1 & 8 att5tion un9t]rupt$1 :ile he is presid+ at a class4 ,all ! o!r ex]cises & arrangem5ts ( ! s*ool are1 9 fact1 prep>atory & subsidi>y to ?is4 ,"h1 t is1 9 ! classes1 ! real bus9ess ( tea*+ is to be done4 ,"h1 ! tea*] comes 9 contact ) 8 s*ol>s1 m9d ) m9d1 & "h1 consequ5tly1 he mu/ be un9t]rupt$ & undi/urb$4 ,i %all speak m p>ticul>ly on ?is subject h]eaft]1 "u ! head ( in/ruction2 all ,i wi% to secure 9 ?is place1 is t ! tea*] %\ld make su* arrangem5ts1 t he c devote 8 exclusive att5tion to 8 classes1 :ile he is actually engag$ ) !m4 ,ea* recitation1 too1 %\ld h its specifi$ "t1 :i* %\ld be adh]$ to1 ) rigid accuracy4 ,if any ?+ l ! plan ,i h sugge/$ = all[+ re/s ( a m9ute or two1 e half h\r1 %\ld be adopt$1 x w m>k (f ! =5oon into p>ts1 :i* ought to be precisely & c>efully obs]v$4 ,i 0 =m]ly accu/om$ to ?9k1 t ,i c\ld n limit ! "t = my recitations )\t great inconv5i5ce1 & occasionally all[$ "o ex]cise to encroa* ^u ! succe$+1 & ?is ^u ! next1 & ?us sometimes ! la/ 0 exclud$ altoge!r4 ,b su* a lax & irregul> me?od ( proc$ure is ru9\s to ! discipl9e ( a s*ool4 ,on p]ceiv+ x1 at la/1 ,i put ! bell into ! h&s ( a pupil1 commission+ h] to r+ regul>ly1 hav+1 myself1 fix$ ! times1 say+ t ,i w\ld %[ my pupils t ,i c\ld be conf9$ myself to sy/em1 z well z !y4 ,at fir/1 ,i exp]i5c$ a little inconv5i5ce1 b ?is soon disappe>$1 & at la/ ! h\rs & half h\rs ( our artificial division1 entirely sup]s$$1 9 ! s*ool-room1 ! divisions ( ! clock face4 ,b 9 ord] t ,i may be specific & def9ite1 ,i w draw up a plan = ! regul> division ( "t1 = a common s*ool1 n to be adopt$1 b to be imitat$2 i4 e4 ,i d n recomm5d exactly ?is plan1 b t "s plan1 precise & specific1 %\ld be det]m9$ ^u1 & exhibit$ to ! s*ool1 by a diagram l ! foll[+4 ,,=5oon4 ,,ix ,x ,,xi ,,xii ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,read+4 ,writ+4 ,r4 ,g4 ,ari?metic4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,aft]noon4 ,,ii ,,iii ,,iv ,v ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,gramm>4 ,writ+4 ,r4 ,g4 ,geography4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,a draw+ on a l>ge %eet1 made by "s ( ! old] s*ol>s1 7= a tea*] %\ld nev] d any ?+ ( ?is k9d :i* 8 s*ol>s c d = him17 %\ld be made & pa/$ up to view1 ! names ( ! classes be+ ins]t$ 9 ! columns1 "u _! respective heads4 ,at ! d\ble l9es at t5 & ?ree1 !re might be a re/ ( two m9utes2 an (fic] appo9t$ = ! purpose1 r++ a bell at ea* ( ! p>ts m>k$ on ! plan1 & mak+ ! signal = ! re/1 :atev] signal might be det]m9$ ^u4 ,x is a good plan to h a bell rung five m9utes be=e ea* half h\r expires1 & !n exactly at its close4 ,! fir/ "o w\ld be to notify ! tea*]1 or tea*]s1 if !re are m ?an "o 9 ! s*ool1 t ! "t = _! respective recitations is draw+ to a close4 ,at ! second bell ! new classes %\ld take _! places )\t wait+ to be call$ =4 ,! s*ol>s w ?us see t ! arrangem5ts ( ! s*ool are bas$ ^u sy/em1 to :i* ! tea*] himself con=ms1 & n subject$ to 8 own v>y+ w4 ,!y w ?us n only g on m regul>ly1 b !y w yield m easily & pleasantly to ! necess>y arrangem5ts4 ,! fact is1 *ildr5 love sy/em & regul>ity4 ,ea* "o is sometimes a little uneasy "u ! re/ra9t1 :i* x imposes ^u him individually1 b !y all love to see its op]ation ^u o!rs1 & !y are g5]ally v will+ to submit to its laws1 if ! re/ ( ! community are requir$ to submit too4 ,!y %[ ?is 9 _! love ( milit>y p>ade2 :at allures !m is *iefly ! ord] ( x3 & ev5 a little *ild creep+ ^u ! floor w be pleas$ :5 he gets 8 play?+s 9 a r[4 ,a tea*] may turn ?is pr9ciple to mo/ useful acc\nt1 9 =m+ 8 plans = 8 s*ool4 ,x w be se5 by ref]5ce to ! =ego+ plan1 t ,i h m>k$ ! "t = ! recesses1 by ! lett] ,r4 at ! top4 ,imm$iately aft] !m1 bo? 9 ! =5oon & 9 ! aft]noon1 tw5ty m9utes are left1 m>k$ ,g41 ! initial /&+ = ,g5]al ex]cise4 ,!y are int5d$ to d5ote p]iods dur+ :i* all ! s*ol>s are 9 _! seats ) _! "w laid aside1 ready to att5d to :at ! tea*] has to br+ be=e ! :ole4 ,!re are s _m occasions1 on :i* x is necess>y to address ! :ole s*ool1 t x is v desirable to appropriate a p>ticul> "t = x4 ,9 mo/ ( ! be/ s*ools1 ,i believe ?is plan is adopt$4 ,i w m5tion "s ( ! subjects1 :i* w\ld come up at su* a "t4 #a4 ,!re are "s /udies1 :i* c be advantage\sly att5d$ to by ! :ole s*ool toge!r2 su* z ,punctuation1 &1 to "s ext5t1 ,spell+4 #b4 ,cases ( discipl9e1 :i* x is necess>y to br+ be=e ! :ole s*ool1 ought to come up at a regul>ly appo9t$ "t4 ,by att5d+ to !m "h1 !re w be a great] importance atta*$ to !m4 ,:atev] ! tea*] does1 w seem to be m delib]ate1 &1 9 fact1 w be m delib]ate4 #c4 ,g5]al rem>ks1 br++ up classes ( faults :i* prevail2 also g5]al directions1 :i* may at any "t be ne$$3 & 9 fact any bus9ess relat+ to ! g5]al arrangem5ts ( ! s*ool4 #d4 ,famili> lectures f ! tea*]1 on v>i\s subjects1--v famili> 9 _! =m1 & p]haps accompani$ by que/ions address$ to ! :ole4 ,! design ( su* lectures %\ld be to ext5d ! g5]al k ( ! pupils 9 reg>d to ^? subjects on :i* !y w ne$ in=mation 9 _! progress ?r\gh life4 ,9 reg>d to ea* ( ^! p>ticul>s ,i %all speak m p>ticul>ly h]eaft]1 9 ! *apt]s to :i* !y respectively belong4 ,my only object1 "h1 is to %[1 9 ! g5]al arrangem5ts ( ! s*ool1 h[ a place is to be f\nd = !m4 ,my practice has be51 to h two p]iods1 ( %ort duration1 ea* day1 appropriat$ to ^! objects4 ,! fir/ to ! bus9ess ( ! s*ool1 & ! second to su* /udies or lectures z c\ld be mo/ pr(itably att5d$ to at su* a "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we come n[ to "o ( ! mo/ important subjects1 :i* pres5t !mselves to ! tea*]'s att5tion1 9 settl+ ! pr9ciples ^u :i* he %all gov]n 8 s*ool4 ,i mean ! degree ( influ5ce :i* ! boys !mselves %all h 9 ! managem5t ( its affairs4 ,%all ! gov]nm5t ( s*ool be a mon>*y or a republic8 ,to ?is "q1 aft] mu* inquiry & _m exp]im5ts1 ,i answ]1 a mon>*y2 an absolute1 unlimit$ mon>*y2 ! tea*] possess+ exclusive p[]1 z f> z ! pupils are conc]n$1 ?\gh /rictly responsible to ! committee1 or to ! tru/ees1 "u :om he holds 8 (fice4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 x is ?us di/9ctly und]/ood t ! p[] ( ! tea*] is supreme1 t all ! p[] re/s 9 him1 & t he alone is responsible = its ex]cise1 !re ought1 to be a v free & cont9ual delegation ( p[] to ! pupils4 ,z mu* bus9ess z is possible1 %\ld be committ$ to !m4 ,!y %\ld be int]e/$ z mu* z possible 9 ! affairs ( ! s*ool1 & l$ to take an active "p 9 c>ry+ !m =w>d2 ?\gh !y %\ld1 all ! "t1 di/9ctly und]/&1 t x is only delegat$ p[] :i* !y ex]cise1 & t ! tea*] c1 at any "t1 revoke :at he has grant$1 & alt] or annul at pleasure1 any ( _! decisions4 ,by ?is plan1 we h ! responsibility re/+ :]e x ought to re/1 & yet ! boys are tra9$ to bus9ess1 & l$ to take an active int]e/ 9 ! welf>e ( ! s*ool4 ,tru/ is repos$ 9 !m1 :i* may be great] or less1 z !y are able to be>4 ,all ! good effects ( repos+ tru/ & confid5ce1 & committ+ ! managem5t ( important bus9ess to ! pupils w be secur$1 )\t ! dang]s :i* w\ld result f ! entire surr5d] ( ! managem5t ( ! in/itution into _! h&s4 ,!re h be51 9 sev]al cases1 exp]im5ts made ) ref]5ce to asc]ta9+ h[ f> a gov]nm5t1 /rictly republican1 w\ld be admissible 9 a s*ool4 ,a v fair exp]im5t ( ?is k9d 0 made at ! ,g>d9] ,lyceum1 9 ,ma9e4 ,at ! "t ( its e/abli%m5t1 no?+ 0 said ( ! mode ( gov]nm5t :i* x 0 int5d$ to adopt4 ,= "s "t1 ! att5tion ( ! ,in/ruct]s 0 occupi$ 9 arrang+ ! c\rse ( /udy1 & att5d+ to ! o!r conc]ns ( ! ,in/itution1 & 9 ! infant /ate ( ! ,lyceum1 few cases ( discipl9e occurr$1 & no regul> sy/em ( gov]nm5t 0 necess>y4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 compla9ts 7 made t ! /ud5ts at ! ,lyceum 7 guilty ( break+ w9d[s 9 an old build+ us$ z a t[n-h\se4 ,! ,pr9cipal call$ ! /ud5ts toge!r1 m5tion$ ! reports1 & said t he did n "k1 & did n wi% to "k :o 7 ! guilty individuals4 ,x 0 necess>y1 h[ev]1 t ! ?+ %\ld be exam9$1 & t re/itution %\ld be made2 & rely+ on _! fai?fulness & ability1 he %\ld leave !m to manage ! bus9ess alone4 ,= ?is purpose1 he nom9at$ "o ( ! /ud5ts z judge1 "s o!rs z jury-m51 & appo9t$ ! o!r (fic]s necess>y1 9 ! same mann]4 ,he told !m1 t1 9 ord] to give !m "t to make a ?or\gh inve/igation1 !y 7 excus$ f f>!r ex]cises dur+ ! day4 ,! ,pr9cipal !n left !m1 & !y ent]$ on ! trial4 ,! result 01 t !y discov]$ ! guilty individuals1 asc]ta9$ ! am\nt ( mis*ief done by ea*1 & s5t to ! selectm5 a message1 by :i* !y agre$ to pay a sum equal to ?ree times ! value ( ! injury su/a9$4 ,! /ud5ts 7 soon aft] in=m$ t ?is mode ( br++ (f5d]s to ju/ice w\ld1 h]eaft]1 be always pursu$1 & arrangem5ts 7 made = organiz+ a regul> republican gov]nm5t1 among ! "y m54 ,by ?is gov]nm5t1 all laws :i* relat$ to ! int]nal police ( ! ,in/itution1 7 to be made1 all (fic]s 7 appo9t$1 & all crim9al cases 7 to be tri$4 ,! /ud5ts f9d+ ! "p ( a judge too difficult = !m to su/a91 "o ( ! ,pr(essors 0 appo9t$ to hold t (fice1 &1 = simil> reasons1 ano!r ( ! ,pr(essors 0 made ,presid5t ( ! ,legislative assembly4 ,! ,pr9cipal 0 ! ,executive1 ) p[] to p>don1 b n to s5t5ce1 or ev5 accuse4 ,"s "t aft] ?is1 a /ud5t 0 indict$ = pr(ane swe>+2 he 0 tri$1 convict$1 & puni%$4 ,aft] ?is he ev9c$ a /rong ho/ility to ! gov]nm5t4 ,he made great ex]tions to br+ x into contempt1 & :5 ! next trial came on1 he endeavor$ to p]suade ! witnesses t giv+ evid5ce 0 di%onorable1 & he s f> succe$$1 t ! def5dant 0 acquitt$ = want ( evid5ce1 :5 x 0 g5]ally und]/ood t !re 0 pro( ( 8 guilt1 :i* w\ld h be5 satisfactory1 if x c\ld h be5 br\ght =w>d4 ,= "s "t aft] ?is1 ! prospect 0 r unfavorable1 ?\gh _m ( ! /ud5ts !mselves oppos$ ) great e>ne/ness ^! ef=ts1 & 7 mu* al>m$ le/ !y %\ld lose _! free gov]nm5t1 ?r\gh ! p]v]s5ess ( "o ( _! numb]4 ,! attorney g5]al1 at ?is juncture1 conceiv$ ! idea ( indict+ ! individual allud$ to1 = an attempt to ov]turn ! gov]nm5t4 ,he obta9$ ! approbation ( ! ,pr9cipal1 & ! ,gr& ,jury f\nd a bill4 ,! ,c\rt1 z ! case 0 s important1 invit$ "s ( ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,lyceum :o 7 9 t[n1 to att5d ! trial4 ,! p>5t ( ! def5dant 0 also in=m$ ( ! circum/ances & reque/$ to be pres5t1 & he accord+ly att5d$4 ,! prison] 0 tri$1 f\nd guilty1 & s5t5c$1 if ,i mi/ake n1 to an expulsion4 ,at 8 e>ne/ reque/1 h[ev]1 to be p]mitt$ to rema9 9 ! ,lyceum1 & r$eem 8 "*1 he 0 p>don$ & re/or$1 & became p]fectly exempl>y 9 8 conduct & "*4 ,aft] ?is occurr5ce1 ! sy/em w5t on 9 successful op]ation1 = "s "t4 ,! legislative p[] 0 ve/$ 9 ! h&s ( a g5]al committee1 consi/+ ( eight or t51 *os5 by ! /ud5ts f _! own numb]4 ,!y met ab\t once a week to transact su* bus9ess z appo9t+ (fic]s1 mak+ & repeal+ regulations1 & inquir+ into ! /ate ( ! ,lyceum4 ,! ,in/ruct]s _h a negative ^u all _! proce$+s1 b no direct & positive p[]4 ,!y c\ld p>don1 b !y c\ld assign no puni%m5ts1 nor make laws inflict+ any4 ,n[ su* a plan z ?is may succe$ = a %ort "t1 & "u v favorable circum/ances2 & ! circum/ance1 :i* x is *iefly important %\ld be favorable1 is1 t ! man :o is call$ to preside ov] su* an association1 %\ld possess su* a %>e ( g5]al%ip1 t he c really manage ! in/itution himself1 :ile ! p[] is nom9ally & app>5tly 9 ! h&s ( ! boys4 ,%\ld ?is n be ! case1 or %\ld ! tea*]1 f any cause1 lose 8 p]sonal influ5ce 9 ! s*ool1 s t ! in/itution %\ld really be surr5d]$ into ! h&s ( ! pupils1 ?+s mu/ be on a v un/able foot+4 ,& accord+ly :]e su* a plan has be5 adopt$1 x has1 ,i believe1 9 e in/ance1 be5 ultimately ab&on$4 ,real self-gov]nm5t is an exp]im5t suffici5tly haz>d\s among m52 ?\gh ,provid5ce1 9 mak+ a daily supply ( food necess>y = e human be+1 has impos$ a mo/-p[]ful *eck ^u ! t5d5cy to an>*y & confusion4 ,let ! populace ( ,london mat]ially int]rupt ! ord]1 & break 9 ^u ! arrangem5ts ( ! community1 &1 9 eight & =ty h\rs1 ne>ly ! :ole ( ! mighty mass w be 9 ! h&s ( ! dev\r]1 hung]2 & !y w be soon br\ght to submission4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a mon?'s an>*y & confusion 9 a college or an academy1 w\ld be delight to half ! /ud5ts1 or else times h greatly *ang$1 s9ce ,i 0 )9 college walls4 ,al?\gh x is ?us evid5t t ! important conc]ns ( a lit]>y in/itution _c be safely committ$ into ! h&s ( ! /ud5ts1 v great b5efits w result f call+ ^u !m to act ^u1 & to decide que/ions relative to ! s*ool1 )9 su* limits1 & "u su* re/rictions1 z may appe> be/4 ,su* a practice w assi/ ! tea*] v mu*1 if he manages x ) any degree ( dext]ity3 = x w int]e/ 8 pupils 9 ! success ( ! s*ool1 & secure1 to a v consid]able ext5t1 _! coop]ation4 ,x w tea* !m self-control & self-gov]nm5t1 & w accu/om !m to submit to ! majority1--t lesson1 :i*1 ( all o!rs1 x is important = a republican to le>n4 ,9 endeavor+ to int]e/ ! pupils ( a s*ool 9 ! "w ( coop]at+ ) ! tea*] 9 its adm9i/ration1 no little dext]ity w be necess>y1 at ! outset4 ,9 all probability1 ! =mal ann\ncem5t ( ?is pr9ciple1 & ! endeavor to introduce x1 by a sudd5 revolution1 w\ld totally fail4 ,boys1 l m51 mu/ be gradually prep>$ = p[]1 & !y mu/ ex]cise x only s f> z !y are prep>$4 ,?is h[ev] c1 v easily1 be done4 ,! tea*] %\ld say no?+ ( 8 g5]al design1 b :5 "s suitable opportunity pres5ts1 he %\ld endeavor to lead 8 pupils to coop]ate ) him1 9 "s p>ticul> in/ance4 ,= example1 let u suppose t he has be5 accu/om$ to di/ribute ! writ+-books ) 8 own h&1 :5 ! writ+ h\r arrives1 & t he concludes to delegate ?is simple bus9ess1 fir/1 to 8 s*ol>s4 ,he accord+ly /ates to !m1 j be=e ! writ+ ex]cise ( ! day on :i* he proposes ! exp]im5t1 z foll[s4 ,i h ?\ght t "t w be sav$1 if y w help me di/ribute ! books1 & ,i w accord+ly appo9t f\r di/ributors1 "o = ea* division ( ! seats1 :o may come to me1 & receive ! books & di/ribute !m1 ea* to 8 own division4 ,are y will+ to adopt ?is plan8 ,! boys answ]1 ,yes sir1 & ! tea*] !n looks c>efully ar\nd ! room1 & selects f\r pleasant & popul> boys1--boys :o1 he kn[s1 w\ld gladly assi/ him1 & :o w\ld1 at ! same "t1 be agreeable to _! s*ool mates4 ,?is latt] po9t is necess>y1 9 ord] to secure ! popul>ity & success ( ! plan4 ,unless ! boys are v diff]5t f any ,i h ev] met )1 !y w be pleas$ ) ! duty ?us assign$ !m4 ,!y w le>n sy/em & regul>ity by be+ taught to p]=m ?is simple duty 9 a prop] mann]4 ,aft] a week1 ! tea*] may consid] _! t]m ( s]vice z hav+ expir$1 & ?ank+ !m1 9 public = ! assi/ance !y h r5d]$ him1 he may ask ! s*ol>s1 if !y are will+ to cont9ue ! plan1 & if ! vote is 9 favor ( x1 z x unque/ionably w\ld be1 ea* boy probably hop+ t he %\ld be appo9t$ to ! (fice1 ! tea*] may nom9ate f\r o!rs1 includ+ p]haps ^u ! li/1 "s boy popul> among 8 companions1 b :om he has suspect$ to be n v fri5dly to himself or ! s*ool4 ,i ?9k ! mo/ scrupul\s politician w\ld n object to secur+ influ5ce1 by conf]r+ (fice 9 su* a case4 ,if any difficulties arise f ! op]ation ( su* a measure1 x c easily be dropp$1 or modifi$4 ,if x is successful1 x may be cont9u$1 & ! pr9ciple ext5d$1 till x v consid]ably modifies all ! arrangem5ts1 & ! :ole managem5t ( ! s*ool4 ,or let u imag9e ! foll[+ sc5e to h be5 ! comm5cem5t ( ! introduction ( ! pr9ciple ( limit$ self-gov]nm5t1 into a s*ool4 ,! preceptor ( an academy 0 sitt+ at 8 desk1 at ! close ( s*ool1 :ile ! pupils 7 putt+ up _! books & leav+ ! room2 a boy came 9 ) angry looks1 &1 ) 8 hat 9 8 h&s bruis$ & du/y1 advanc$ to ! ma/]'s desk1 & compla9$ t "o ( 8 companions _h ?r[n d[n 8 hat ^u ! floor1 & _h almo/ spoilt x4 ,! tea*] look$ calmly at ! mis*ief1 & !n ask$ h[ x happ5$4 ,i don't "k sir2 ,i hung x up on my nail1 & he pull$ x d[n4 ,i wi% y w\ld ask him to come "h1 said ! tea*]4 ,ask him pleasantly4 ,! accus$ soon came 91 & ! two boys /ood toge!r be=e ! ma/]4 ,!re seems to be "s difficulty betwe5 y boys1 ab\t a nail to hang y\r hats ^u4 ,i suppose ea* ( y ?9k x is y\r own nail4 ,yes sir1 said bo? ! boys4 ,x w be m conv5i5t = me to talk ) y ab\t ?is to-morr[1 ?an to-night1 if y are will+ to wait4 ,besides1 we c exam9e x m calmly1 !n4 ,b if we put x (f till !n1 y mu/ n talk ab\t x 9 ! meantime1 blam+ "o ano!r1 & keep+ up ! irritation t y feel4 ,are y bo? will+ to leave x j :]e x is1 till to-morr[1 & try to =get all ab\t x till !n8 ,i expect ,i %all f9d y bo? a little to blame4 ,! boys r reluctantly cons5t$4 ,! next day ! ma/] he>d ! case & settl$ x1 s f> z x relat$ to ! two boys4 ,x 0 easily settl$ 9 ! morn+1 = !y _h _h "t to get calm1 & 71 aft] sleep+ away _! ang]1 r a%am$ ( ! :ole affair1 & v desir\s to h x =gott54 ,t day1 :5 ! h\r = ! transaction ( bus9ess came1 ! tea*] /at$ to ! s*ool1 t x 0 necess>y to take "s measures to provide ea* boy ) a nail = 8 hat4 ,9 ord] to %[ t x 0 necess>y1 he relat$ ! circum/ances ( ! qu>rel :i* _h occurr$ ! day be=e4 ,he did ?is1 n ) su* an air & mann] z to convey ! impression t 8 object 0 to f9d fault ) ! boys1 or to expose _! misconduct1 b to %[ ! necessity ( do+ some?+ to rem$y ! evil1 :i* _h be5 ! cause ( s unpleasant an occurr5ce4 ,/ill1 ?\gh he said no?+ 9 ! way ( reproa* or repreh5sion1 & did n "n ! boys1 b m]ely gave a cool & imp>tial n>rative ( ! facts1--! effect1 v evid5tly1 0 to br+ su* qu>rels into discr$it4 ,a calm review ( misconduct1 aft] ! excitem5t has gone by1 w d m to br+ x into disgrace1 ?an ! mo/ viol5t invectives & reproa*es1 direct$ aga9/ ! individuals guilty ( x4 ,n[ boys1 cont9u$ ! ma/]1 w y assi/ me 9 mak+ arrangem5ts to prev5t ! recurr5ce ( all temptations ( ?is k9d h]eaft]8 ,x is pla9 t e boy ought to h a nail appropriat$ expressly to 8 use4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done is1 to asc]ta9 :e!r !re are en\gh = all4 ,i %\ld l1 !re=e1 to h two committees appo9t$2 "o1 to c\nt & report ! numb] ( nails 9 ! entry1 & also h[ mu* room !re is = m2 ! o!r1 to asc]ta9 ! numb] ( s*ol>s 9 s*ool4 ,!y c c\nt all :o are "h1 & by obs]v+ ! vacant desks1 !y c asc]ta9 ! numb] abs5t4 ,:5 ?is inve/igation is made1 ,i w tell y :at to d next4 ,! boys seem$ pleas$ ) ! plan1 & ! committees 7 appo9t$1 two memb]s on ea*4 ,! ma/] took c>e to give ! qu>rell]s "s %>e 9 ! "w1 app>5tly =gett+1 f ?is "t1 ! unpleasant occurr5ce :i* _h br\ght up ! subject4 ,:5 ! boys came to tell him _! results1 he ask$ !m to make a little memor&um1 9 writ+1 z he might =get1 be=e ! "t came = read+ !m4 ,!y br\ght him pres5tly a r\gh scrap ( pap]1 ) ! figures m>k$ ^u x4 ,he told !m he %\ld =get :i* 0 ! numb] ( nails1 & :i* ! numb] ( s*ol>s1 unless !y wrote x d[n4 ,x is ! cu/om among m51 said he1 to make out _! report1 9 su* a case1 fully1 s t x w\ld expla9 itself2 & ,i %\ld l to h y1 if y are will+1 to make out y\rs a little m di/9ctly4 ,accord+ly1 aft] a little additional explanation1 ! boys made ano!r attempt1 & pres5tly return$1 ) some?+ l ! foll[+3 ,! ,committee = c\nt+ ! nails report z foll[s3 ,numb] ( nails #ce ,room = #ae4 ,! o!r report 0 v simil>1 ?\gh some:at rudely writt5 & express$1 & bo? 7 p]fectly satisfactory to ! preceptor1 z he pla9ly %[$ by ! mann] 9 :i* he receiv$ !m4 ,i ne$ n f9i% ! description ( ?is case1 by n>rat+1 p>ticul>ly1 ! read+ ( ! reports1 ! appo9tm5t ( a committee to assign ! nails1 & to pa/e up ! names ( ! s*ol>s1 "o to ea*4 ,! "w1 9 su* a case1 might be done 9 recesses1 & out ( s*ool h\rs1 & ?\gh1 at fir/1 ! tea*] w f9d1 t x is z mu* tr\ble to accompli% bus9ess 9 ?is way1 z x w\ld be to att5d to x directly himself1--yet aft] a v little exp]i5ce1 he w f9d t 8 pupils w acquire dext]ity & read9ess1 & w be able to r5d] him v mat]ial assi/ance 9 ! accompli%m5t ( 8 plans4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ! assi/ance r5d]$ to ! tea*]1 is n ! object4 ,! ma9 design is to int]e/ ! pupils1 9 ! managem5t & ! welf>e ( ! s*ool1--to id5tify !m1 z x 71 ) x4 ,x w accompli% ?is object2 & e tea*]1 :o w try ! exp]im5t1 & c>ry x into effect1 ) any tol]able degree ( skill1 w f9d t x w1 9 a %ort "t1 *ange ! :ole aspect ( ! s*ool1 9 reg>d to ! feel+s subsi/+ betwe5 himself & 8 pupils4 ,ea* tea*]1 :o tries su* an exp]im5t1 w f9d himself ins5sibly repeat+ x1 & aft] a "t he may h q a numb] ( (fic]s & committees1 :o are entru/$ ) v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( bus9ess4 ,he w h a secret>y1 *os5 by ballot1 by ! s*ol>s1 to keep a record ( all ! important transactions 9 ! s*ool1 = ea* day4 ,at fir/1 he w dictate to ! secret>y1 tell+ him precisely :at to say1 or ev5 writ+ x = him1 & m]ely requir+ him to copy x into ! book provid$ = ! purpose4 ,aft]w>ds he w give him less & less assi/ance1 till he c keep ! record prop]ly himself4 ,! record ( ea* day w be read on ! succe$+1 at ! h\r = bus9ess4 ,he w h a committee ( "o or two to take c>e ( ! fire1 & ano!r to see t ! room is con/antly 9 good ord]4 ,he w h di/ributors = ea* division ( seats1 to di/ribute books1 & compositions1 & p5s1 & to collect votes4 ,& ?us1 9 a %ort "t1 8 s*ool w become regul>ly organiz$1 z a society1 or legislative assembly4 ,! boys w le>n submission to ! majority1 9 su* unimportant ?+s z may be committ$ to !m3 !y w le>n sy/em & regul>ity2 & e ?+ else t belongs to ! sci5ce ( political self gov]nm5t4 ,!re are dang]s1 h[ev]4 ,:at useful practice has n its dang]s8 ,"o ( ^! is1 t ! tea*] w all[ ^! arrangem5ts to take up too mu* "t4 ,he mu/ gu>d aga9/ ?is4 ,i h f\nd f exp]i5ce t fifte5 m9utes ea* day1 ) a s*ool ( #ace1 is en\gh4 ,?is ought nev] to be exce$$4 ,ano!r dang] is1 t ! boys w be s engag$ 9 ! duties ( _! (fices1 z to neglect _! /udies4 ,?is w\ld be1 & ought to be1 fatal to ! :ole plan4 ,avoid x 9 ?is mann]4 ,/ate publicly t y w n appo9t any to (fice1 :o are n good s*ol>s1 always punctual1 & always prep>$2 & :5 any boy1 :o holds an (fice1 is go+ beh9d h& 9 8 /udies1 say to him k9dly1 ,y h n "t to get y\r lessons1 & ,i am afraid x is ow+ to ! "t y sp5d 9 help+ me4 ,n[ if y wi% to resign y\r (fice1 s z to h a little m "t = y\r lessons1 y c4 ,9 fact1 ,i ?9k y ought to d x4 ,y may try x = a day or two1 & ,i w notice h[ y recite1 & !n we c decide4 ,su* a communication w g5]ally be f\nd to h a p[]ful effect4 ,if x does n rem$y ! evil1 ! resignation mu/ be insi/$ on4 ,a few decid$ cases ( ?is k9d1 w effectually remove ! evil ,i am consid]+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r difficulty1 :i* is likely to att5d ! plan ( all[+ ! pupils ( ! s*ool to decide "s ( ! cases :i* occur1 is1 t x may t5d to make !m insubord9ate2 s t !y w1 9 _m in/ances1 submit1 ) less good humor1 to su* decisions z y may consid] necess>y4 ,i d n mean t ?is w be ! case ) all1 b t !re w be a few1 :o w be ung5]\s en\gh1 if y all[ !m to decide1 sometimes1 to endeavor to make tr\ble1 or at lea/ to %[ symptoms ( impati5ce & vexation1 because y d n all[ !m to decide always4 ,sometimes ?is feel+ may %[ itself by ! discont5t$ looks1 or ge/ures1 or ev5 words1 ) :i* "s unwelcome decision w be receiv$4 ,su* a _s %\ld be imm$iately & decid$ly *eck$4 ,x w n be difficult to *eck1 & ev5 entirely to remove x4 ,on "o occasion1 :51 aft] le>n+ ! wi%es ( ! s*ol>s on "s subject :i* _h be5 br\ght be=e !m1 ,i decid$ contr>y to x1 !re arose a murmur ( discont5t1 all ov] ! room4 ,?is 0 ! m di/9ct1 because ,i h always accu/om$ my pupils to answ] que/ions ask$1 & to express _! wi%es & feel+s on any subject ,i may pres5t to !m1 ) great fre$om4 ,i ask$ all ^?1 :o _h express$ _! dissatisfaction1 to rise4 ,ab\t "o ?ird ( ! s*ol>s arose4 ,p]haps y und]/ood1 t :5 ,i put ! "q to vote1 ,i meant to abide by y\r decision1 & t1 consequ5tly1 ,i ought n to h rev]s$ x1 z ,i did1 aft]w>ds8 ,yes sir2 yes sir2 !y repli$4 ,d y suppose x w\ld be safe to leave ! decision ( important que/ions to ! s*ol>s 9 ?is s*ool8 ,yes sir2 ,no sir4 ,! majority 71 h[ev]1 9 ! affirmative4 ,?us f>1 only ^? :o 7 /&+1 _h answ]$4 ,i told !m1 t z !y 7 divid$ 9 op9ion1 !y might sit1 & ,i w\ld put ! "q to ! :ole s*ool4 ,y "k1 ,i cont9u$1 address+ ! :ole1 :at sort ( p]sons ! girls1 :o compose ?is s*ool are4 ,y "k ab\t h[ _m are gov]n$1 habitually1 by /eady pr9ciple1 & h[ _m by impulse & feel+4 ,y "k too1 :at proportion h judgm5t & =esight necess>y to consid] & decide indep5d5tly1 su* que/ions z cont9ually arise 9 ! managem5t ( a s*ool4 ,n[ suppose ,i %\ld resign ! s*ool into y\r own h&s1 z to its managem5t1 & only come 9 to give in/ruction to ! classes1 leav+ all g5]al control ( its arrangem5ts ) y2 w\ld x g on safely or n8 ,z might h be5 =ese51 !re 01 :5 ! "q 0 fairly propos$1 sc>cely a solit>y vote 9 favor ( gov]nm5t by s*ol>s4 ,!y seem$ to see cle>ly ! absurdity ( su* a s*eme4 ,besides1 ,i cont9u$1 ! ,tru/ees ( ?is s*ool h committ$ x to my *>ge2 !y hold me responsible2 ! public hold me responsible1 n y4 ,n[ if ,i %\ld surr5d] x into y\r h&s1 & y1 f any cause1 %\ld manage ! tru/ unfai?fully1 or unskilfully1 ,i %\ld necess>ily be held acc\ntable4 ,i c\ld nev] %ift ! responsibility ^u y4 ,n[ x pla9ly is n j or "r1 t "o p>ty %\ld hold ! p[]1 & ano!r be held acc\ntable = its ex]cise4 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 9 e view ( ! subject1 t ,i %\ld reta9 ! managem5t ( ?is s*ool 9 my own h&s4 ,are y n satisfi$ t x is8 ,! s*ol>s univ]sally answ]$1 ,yes sir4 ,!y seem$ satisfi$2 & d\btless 74 ,x 0 !n /at$ to !m1 t ! object 9 ask+ !m to vote1 01 9 "s cases1 to obta9 an expression ( _! op9ion or _! wi%es1 9 ord] to help me decide2 & only 9 ^? cases :]e x 0 expressly /at$1 did ,i mean to give ! f9al decision to !m4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 if cases are (t5 ref]r$ to !m1 ! feel+ w gradually creep 91 t ! s*ool is manag$ on republican pr9ciples1 z !y call x2 & !y w1 unless ?is po9t is specially gu>d$1 gradually lose t _s ( entire & cordial subord9ation1 s necess>y = ! success ( any s*ool4 ,x %\ld (t5 be di/9ctly expla9$ to !m1 t a republican gov]nm5t is "o1 :]e ! p[] ess5tially resides 9 ! community1 & is ex]cis$ by a rul]1 only s f> z ! community delegates x to him2 :]eas 9 ! s*ool1 ! gov]nm5t is bas$ on ! pr9ciple1 t ! p[]1 prim>ily & ess5tially1 resides 9 ! tea*]1 ! s*ol>s ex]cis+ only su* z he may delegate to !m4 ,) ^! limitations & re/rictions1 & ) ?is express und]/&+1 9 reg>d to :at is1 9 all cases1 ! ultimate au?ority1 ,i ?9k !re w be no dang] 9 ?r[+ a v l>ge %>e ( ! bus9ess :i* w1 f "t to "t1 come up 9 ! s*ool1 ^u ! s*ol>s1 = decision4 ,9 my own exp]i5ce1 ?is plan has be5 adopt$ ) ! happie/ results4 ,a small r$ morocco wrapp] lies con/antly on a little %elf1 accessible to all4 ,by its side1 is a little pile ( pap]s1 ab\t "o in* by six1 on :i* any "o may write h] motion1 or h] proposition1 z !y call x1 :atev] x may be1 & :5 writt51 x is enclos$ 9 ! wrapp]1 to be br\ght to me at ! appo9t$ "t = att5d+ to ! g5]al bus9ess ( ! s*ool4 ,?r\gh ?is wrapp]1 all que/ions are ask$1 all compla9ts ent]$1 all proposals made4 ,is !re discont5t 9 ! s*ool8 ,x %[s itself by propositions 9 ! wrapp]4 ,is any body aggriev$ or injur$8 ,i le>n x ?r\gh ! wrapp]4 ,9 fact x is a little safety valve1 :i* lets (f1 :at1 if conf9$1 might ?reat5 explosion1--an index1--a !rmomet]1 :i* reveals to me1 f day to day1 m ( ! /ate ( public op9ion 9 ! little community1 ?an any ?+ beside4 ,^! propositions are g5]ally read al\d2 "s cases are ref]r$ to ! s*ol>s = decision2 "s ,i decide myself2 o!rs are laid aside )\t notice ( any k9d2 o!rs /ill1 m]ely sugge/ rem>ks on ! subjects to :i* !y allude4 ,! pr9ciples1 !n1 :i* ?is *apt] has be5 int5d$ to e/abli%1 are simply ^!3 9 mak+ y\r g5]al arrangem5ts1 look c>efully ov] y\r gr\nd1 consid] all ! objects :i* y h to accompli%1 & ! prop] degree ( "t & att5tion1 :i* ea* des]ves4 ,!n act ^u sy/em4 ,let ! mass ( p>ticul>s :i* w\ld o!rwise cr[d ^u y 9 promiscu\s confusion1 be arrang$ & classifi$4 ,let ea* be assign$ to its prop] "t & place2 t y\r "t may be y\r own1--"u y\r own comm&1--& n1 z is too (t5 ! case1 at ! m]cy ( ! ?\s& accid5tal circum/ances1 :i* may occur4 ,9 gov]nm5t1 be y\rself supreme1 & let y\r supremacy be t ( au?ority4 ,b delegate p[]1 z freely z possible1 to ^? "u y\r c>e4 ,%[ !m t y are desir\s ( repos+ tru/ 9 !m1 j s f> z !y %[ !mselves capable ( ex]cis+ x4 ,?us int]e/ !m 9 y\r plans1 & make !m feel1 t !y p>ticipate 9 ! honor or ! disgrace ( success or failure4 ,i h gone mu* into detail 9 ?is *apt]1 propos+ def9ite measures by :i* ! pr9ciples ,i h recomm5d$1 may be c>ri$ into effect4 ,i wi%1 h[ev]1 t x may be di/9ctly und]/ood1 t all ,i cont5d =1 is ! pr9ciples !mselves2 no matt] :at ! p>ticul> measures are1 by :i* !y are secur$4 ,e good s*ool mu/ be sy/ematic2 b !y ne$ n all be on precisely ! same sy/em4 ,z ?is "w is int5d$ almo/ exclusively = beg9n]s1 mu* detail has be5 admitt$1 & _m ( ! specific measures "h propos$1 may p]haps be safely adopt$1 :]e no o!rs are e/abli%$4 ,!re may also p]haps be cases1 :]e tea*]s1 ^: s*ools are already 9 successful op]ation1 may engraft1 ^u _! own plans1 "s ?+s :i* are "h propos$4 ,if !y %\ld attempt x1 x mu/ be done cauti\sly & gradually4 ,!re is no o!r way by :i* !y c be safely introduc$ or ev5 introduc$ at all4 ,?is is a po9t ( s mu* importance1 t ,i mu/ devote a p>agraph to x1 be=e clos+ ! *apt]4 ,let a tea*] propose to 8 pupils1 =mally1 f 8 desk1 ! plan ( writ+ propositions1 = example1 & procure 8 wrapp]1 & put x 9 its place2--& :at w\ld be ! result8 ,:y1 n a s+le pap]1 probably1 c\ld he get1 f "o end ( ! week to ! o!r4 ,b let him1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 a boy comes to him to ask "s "q1 ! answ] to :i* _m 9 ! s*ool w\ld equally wi% to he>1 say to ! inquir]3 ,w y be s good z to write t "q1 & put x on my desk1 & !n1 at ! regul> "t1 ,i w answ] x to all ! s*ool4 ,:5 he reads x1 let him /ate1 t x 0 writt5 at 8 reque/1 & give ! o!r boys p]mission to leave _! proposals or que/ions on 8 desk1 9 ! same way4 ,9 a few days1 he w h ano!r1 & ?us ! plan may be g5tly & gradually introduc$4 ,s ) (fic]s4 ,!y %\ld be appo9t$ among ! s*ol>s1 only z fa/ z !y are actually ne$$1 & ! plan %\ld ?us be cauti\sly c>ri$ only s f> z x proves good on trial4 ,be always cauti\s ab\t innovations & *anges4 ,make no ra% exp]im5ts on a l>ge scale1 b always te/ y\r pr9ciple 9 ! small way1 & !n1 if x proves good1 gradually ext5d its op]ation1 z circum/ances seem to require4 ,by ?us cauti\sly & sl[ly introduc+ plans1 f\nd$ on ! sy/ematic pr9ciples "h br\ght to view1 a v consid]able degree ( quiet1 & ord]1 & regul>ity may be introduc$ into ! l>ge/ & mo/ miscellane\s s*ools4 ,& ?is ord] & quiet are absolutely necess>y1 to enable ! tea*] to f9d t int]e/ & enjoym5t 9 8 "w1 :i* 7 exhibit$ 9 ! la/ *apt]2 ! pleasure ( direct+ & controll+ m9d1 & do+ x1 n by useless & anxi\s compla9ts1 or /]n ?reats & pa9ful puni%m5ts2 b by reg>d+ ! sc5e ( labor 9 its true light1 z a community ( intellectual & moral be+s1 & gov]n+ x by moral & intellectual p[]4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! pleasure ( ex]cis+ p[]4 ,i d n mean arbitr>y1 p]sonal au?ority1 b ! p[] to produce1 by successful b quiet contrivance1 ext5sive & happy results2--! pleasure ( calmly consid]+ e difficulty1 & )\t irritation or ang]1 devis+ ! prop] moral means to rem$y ! moral evil3 & !n ! int]e/ & pleasure ( witness+ its effects4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,in/ruction4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( human k :i* /& /rik+ly di/9ct f all ! re/4 ,!y lie at ! f\ndation4 ,!y con/itute ! roots ( ! tree4 ,9 o!r words1 !y are ! means1 by :i* all o!r k is acquir$4 ,i ne$ n say1 t ,i mean1 ,read+1 ,writ+1 & ,calculation4 ,tea*]s d n p]haps always consid]1 h[ entirely & ess5tially di/9ct ^! ?ree are f all ! re/4 ,!y are arts2 ! acquisition ( !m is n to be consid]$ z k1 s mu* z ! means1 by :i* k may be obta9$4 ,a *ild1 :o is /udy+ ,geography1 or ,hi/ory1 or ,natural ,sci5ce1 is le>n+ facts1--ga9+ in=mation2 on ! o!r h&1 ! "o :o is le>n+ to write1 or to read1 or to calculate1 may be add+ little or no?+ to 8 /ock ( k4 ,he is acquir+ skill1 :i*1 at "s future "t1 he may make ! means ( increas+ 8 k1 to any ext5t4 ,?is di/9ction ought to be kept con/antly 9 view1 & ! tea*] %\ld feel t ^! ?ree fundam5tal bran*es /& by !mselves1 & /& fir/ 9 importance4 ,i d n mean to und]value ! o!rs1 b only to insi/ ^u ! sup]ior value & importance ( ^!4 ,tea*+ a pupil to read1 be=e he ent]s ^u ! active bus9ess ( life1 is l giv+ a new settl] an axe1 z he goes to seek 8 new home 9 ! =e/4 ,tea*+ him a lesson 9 hi/ory1 is1 on ! o!r h&1 only cutt+ d[n a tree or two = him4 ,a k ( natural hi/ory1 is l a few bu%els ( gra91 gratuit\sly plac$ 9 8 b>n2 b ! art ( ready reckon+1 is ! pl\gh1 :i* w rema9 by him = ye>s1 & help him to draw out f ! soil an annual treasure4 ,! great object1 !n1 ( ! common s*ools 9 our c\ntry1 is to tea* ! :ole population to read1 to write1 & to calculate4 ,9 fact1 s ess5tial is x1 t ! accompli%m5t ( ^! objects %\ld be secur$1 t x is ev5 a "q :e!r common s*ools %\ld n be conf9$ to !m4 ,i say x is a "q1 = x is sometimes made s1 ?\gh public op9ion has decid$1 t "s portion ( att5tion1 at lea/1 %\ld be paid to ! acquisition ( additional k4 ,b aft] all1 ! am\nt ( k1 :i* is actually acquir$ at s*ools1 is v small4 ,x mu/ be v small4 ,! true policy is1 to aim at mak+ all1 good read]s1 writ]s1 & calculators1 & to consid] ! o!r /udies ( ! s*ool important1 *iefly z practice1 9 turn+ ^! arts to useful acc\nt4 ,9 o!r words1 ! s*ol>s %\ld be taught ^! arts1 ?or\ghly1 fir/ ( all1 & 9 ! o!r /udies1 ! ma9 design %\ld be to %[ !m h[ to use1 & int]e/ !m 9 us+1 ! arts !y h ?us acquir$4 ,a great _m tea*]s feel a mu* /rong] int]e/ 9 ! "o or two s*ol>s !y may h1 9 ,survey+1 or 9 ,lat91 ?an !y d 9 ! l>ge classes1 9 ! elem5t>y bran*es1 :i* fill ! s*ool4 ,b a mom5t's reflection w %[1 t su* a pref]5ce is f\nd$ on a v mi/ak5 view4 ,lead+ =w>d "o or two m9ds1 f /ep to /ep1 9 an advanc$ /udy1 is c]ta9ly f> inf]ior1 9 real dignity & importance1 to op5+ all ! /ores ( writt5 k1 to fifty or a hundr$4 ,! man :o neglects ! int]e/s ( 8 s*ool1 9 ^! great bran*es1 to devote 8 "t to two or ?ree1 or half a doz5 old] s*ol>s1 is unju/ bo? to 8 employ]s & to himself4 ,x is ! duty1 !re=e1 ( e tea*]1 :o comm5ces a common di/rict s*ool1 = a s+le season1 to make1 :5 he comm5ces1 an e/imate1 ( ! /ate ( 8 pupils1 9 ref]5ce to ^! ?ree bran*es4 ,h[ d !y all write8 ,h[ d !y all read8 ,h[ d !y calculate8 ,x w\ld be well if he w\ld make a c>eful exam9ation ( ! s*ool1 9 ?is respect4 ,let !m all write a specim54 ,let all read2 & let him make a memor&um ( ! mann]1 notic+ h[ _m read flu5tly1 h[ _m ) difficulty1 h[ _m "k only _! lett]s1 & h[ _m are to be taught ^!4 ,let him asc]ta9 also1 :at progress !y h made 9 ,ari?metic1--h[ _m c readily p]=m ! elem5t>y processes1 & :at numb] ne$ in/ruction 9 ^!4 ,aft] ?us survey+ ! gr\nd1 let him =m 8 plan1 & lay out 8 :ole /r5g? 9 c>ry+ =w>d1 z rapidly z possible1 ! :ole s*ool1 9 ^! /udies4 ,by ?is means he is act+1 mo/ directly & p[]fully1 on ! intellig5ce ( ! :ole future community 9 t place4 ,he is op5+ to fifty or a hundr$ m9ds1 /ores ( k1 :i* !y w g on explor+1 = ye>s to come4 ,:at a desc5t n[ f su* a "w z ?is1 to ! m]e he>+ ( ! recitation ( half a doz5 boys 9 ,survey+6 ,i repeat x1 t a ?or\gh & enlight5$ survey ( ! :ole s*ool %\ld be tak51 & plans =m$ = elevat+ ! :ole mass1 9 ^? great bran*es ( k1 :i* are to be ( imm$iate practical use to !m 9 future life4 ,if ! s*ool is ( high] ord]1 ! tea*] %\ld1 9 ! same mann]1 be=e he =ms 8 plans1 consid] well :at are ! great objects :i* he has to accompli%4 ,he %\ld asc]ta9 :at is ! exi/+ /ate ( 8 s*ool1 bo? z to k & "*2--h[ long1 g5]ally1 8 pupils are to rema9 "u 8 c>e1--:at are to be _! future /ations & conditions 9 life1 & :at objects he c reasonably hope to effect = !m1 :ile !y rema9 "u 8 influ5ce4 ,by means ( ?is =e?\ght1 & consid]ation1 he w be enabl$ to "w und]/&+ly4 ,x is desirable1 too1 t :at ,i h recomm5d$1 9 ref]5ce to ! :ole s*ool1 %\ld be done ) ea* individual4 ,asc]ta91 7by o!r means h[ev] ?an =mal exam9ation17 to :at /age 8 education has advanc$1 & delib]ately consid] :at objects y c reasonably expect to effect = him1 :ile he rema9s "u y\r c>e4 ,y _c inde$ always =m y\r plans to suit1 s exactly1 y\r g5]al views 9 reg>d to ! s*ool & to individuals1 z y c\ld wi%4 ,b ^! g5]al views w1 9 a ?\s& cases1 modify y\r plans1 or affect 9 a great] or less degree1 all y\r arrangem5ts4 ,!y w keep y to a /eady purpose1 & y\r "w w g on f> m sy/ematically & regul>ly1 ?an x w\ld1 if1 z 9 fact _m tea*]s d1 y 7 to come headlong into y\r s*ool1 take ?+s j z y f9d !m1 & c>ry !m =w>d at r&om1 )\t end or aim4 ,?is survey ( y\r field be+ made1 y are prep>$ to comm5ce def9ite op]ations1 & ! great difficulty1 9 c>ry+ y\r plans into effect1 is1 h[ to act m effici5tly on ! greate/ numb]s at a "t4 ,! :ole bus9ess ( public in/ruction1 if x goes on at all1 mu/ g on by ! tea*]'s skill 9 multiply+ 8 p[]1 by act+ on numb]s at once4 ,9 mo/ books on education1 we are taught1 almo/ exclusively1 h[ to op]ate on ! individual4 ,x is ! error into :i* !oretic writ]s almo/ always fall4 ,we meet1 9 e p]iodical1 & 9 e treatise1 & 9 fact1 9 almo/ e conv]sation on ! subject1 ) rem>ks1 :i* s\nd v well by ! fire-side1 b !y are totally ineffici5t & useless 9 s*ool1 f _! be+ app>5tly bas$ ^u ! supposition1 t ! tea*] has b "o pupil to att5d to at a "t4 ,! great "q 9 ! managem5t ( s*ools1 is n1 h[ y c take "o s*ol>1 & lead him =w>d1 mo/ rapidly1 9 a prescrib$ c\rse1 b h[ y c classify & arrange numb]s1 compris+ e possible v>iety1 bo? z to k & capacity1 s z to c>ry !m all =w>d effectually toge!r4 ,! ext5t to :i* a tea*] may multiply 8 p[]1 by act+ on numb]s at a "t1 is v great4 ,9 ord] to e/imate x1 we mu/ consid] c>efully :at x is1 :5 c>ri$ to ! greate/ ext5t1 to :i* x is capable ( be+ c>ri$1 "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances4 ,n[ x is possible = a tea*] to speak s z to be easily he>d by ?ree hundr$ p]sons1 & ?ree hundr$ pupils c be easily s seat$1 z to see 8 illu/rations or diagrams4 ,n[ suppose t ?ree hundr$ pupils1 all ignorant ( ! me?od ( r$uc+ fractions to a common d5om9ator1 & yet all old en\gh to le>n1 are collect$ 9 "o room4 ,suppose !y are all att5tive & desir\s ( le>n+1 x is v pla9 t ! process may be expla9$ to ! :ole at once1 s t half an h\r sp5t 9 t ex]cise1 w\ld enable a v l>ge proportion ( !m to und]/& ! subject4 ,s1 if a tea*] is expla9+ to a class 9 ,gramm>1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 a n\n & v]b1 ! explanation w\ld d z well = sev]al hundr$1 z = ! doz5 :o con/itute ! class1 if arrangem5ts c\ld only be made to h ! hundr$s he> x4 ,b !re are1 p]haps1 only a hundr$ 9 ! s*ool1 & ( ^! a l>ge "p und]/& already ! po9t to be expla9$1 & ano!r l>ge "p are too "y to att5d to x4 ,i wi% ! object ( ^! rem>ks n to be misund]/ood4 ,i d n recomm5d ! attempt to tea* on s ext5sive a scale2 ,i admit t x is impracticable2 ,i only mean to %[ 9 :at ! impracticability consi/s1 namely1 9 ! difficulty ( mak+ su* arrangem5ts z to d]ive ! full b5efit f ! in/ructions r5d]$4 ,!y are1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 available to ! ext5t ,i h repres5t$1 b1 9 actual practice1 ! full b5efit _c be d]iv$4 ,n[1 s f> z we ?us fall %ort ( ?is full b5efit1 s f> !re is1 ( c\rse1 wa/e2 & x is difficult or impossible to make su* arrangem5ts z w avoid ! wa/e1 9 ?is mann]1 ( a l>ge portion ( e ef=t1 :i* ! tea*] makes4 ,a v small class in/ruct$ by an able tea*]1 is l a factory ( a hundr$ sp9dles1 ) a wat]-:eel ( p[] suffici5t = a ?\s&4 ,9 su* a case1 ev5 if ! own]1 f want ( capital1 or any o!r cause1 _c add ! o!r n9e hundr$1 he ought to "k h[ mu* ( 8 p[] is 9 fact unemploy$1 & make arrangem5ts to br+ x into useful ex]cise1 z soon z he c4 ,! tea*] 9 ! same mann]1 %\ld und]/& :at is ! full b5eficial effect1 :i* x is possible1 9 !ory1 to d]ive f 8 in/ructions4 ,he %\ld und]/&1 too1 t j s f> z he falls %ort ( ?is full effect1 !re is wa/e4 ,x may be unavoidable2 "p ( x unque/ionably is1 l ! friction ( ma*9]y1 unavoidable4 ,/ill1 x is wa/e2 & x ought to be s und]/ood1 t by ! gradual p]fection ( ! ma*9]y1 x may be m & m fully prev5t$4 ,always be> 9 m9d !n1 :5 y are devot+ y\r "t to two or ?ree individuals 9 a class1 t y are los+ a v l>ge "p ( y\r labor4 ,y\r in/ructions are conducive to good effect1 only to ! "o t5? or "o tw5tie? ( ! ext5t1 to :i*1 "u m favorable circum/ances1 !y might be made available4 ,& ?\gh y _c always avoid ?is loss1 y ought always to be aw>e ( x1 & s to %ape y\r measures1 z to dim9i% x z mu* z possible4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we come n[ to consid] ! p>ticul> measures to be adopt$1 9 giv+ in/ruction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! objects :i* are to be secur$1 9 ! managem5t ( classes1 are tw(old1 #a4 ,recitation4 #b4 ,in/ruction4 ,^! two objects are1 x is pla91 entirely di/9ct4 ,"u ! latt]1 is includ$ all ! explanation1 & assi/ance1 & additional in=mation1 :i* ! tea*] may give 8 pupils1 &1 "u ! =m]1 su* an exam9ation ( individuals1 z is necess>y to secure _! c>eful att5tion to _! lessons4 ,x is unsafe to neglect ei!r ( ^! po9ts4 ,if ! class meet+s are m]e recitations1 !y soon become dull & me*anical3 ! pupils g5]ally take little int]e/ 9 _! /udies1 & imbibe no lit]>y _s4 ,_! intellectual progress w1 accord+ly1 sudd5ly cease1 ! mom5t !y leave s*ool1 & cease to be call$ ^u to recite lessons4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if in/ruction is all t is aim$ at1 & recitation1 7by :i* ,i mean1 z above expla9$1 su* an exam9ation ( individuals z is necess>y to asc]ta9 t !y h fai?fully p]=m$ ! tasks assign$17 is neglect$1 ! ex]cise soon becomes n mu* m ?an a lecture1 to :i* ^?1 & ^? only1 w att5d1 :o please4 ,! bus9ess1 !re=e1 ( a ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! class mu/ n be omitt$4 ,i d n mean1 t ea* individual s*ol> mu/1 e day1 be exam9$2 b simply t ! tea*] mu/1 9 "s way or o!r1 satisfy himself1 by reasonable evid5ce1 t ! :ole class are really prep>$4 ,a great deal ( +5uity may be ex]cis$1 9 contriv+ means = effect+ ?is object1 9 ! %orte/ possible "t4 ,i "k ( no "p ( ! field ( a tea*]'s labors1 :i* may be m facilitat$1 by a little +5uity1 ?an ?is4 ,"o tea*]1 = in/ance1 has a spell+ lesson to he>4 ,he beg9s at ! head ( ! l9e1 & putt+ "o ^w to ea* boy1 goes regul>ly d[n1 ea* successive pupil calculat+ ! *ances :e!r a ^w1 :i* he c accid5tally spell1 w or w n come to him4 ,if he spells x1 ! tea*] _c tell :e!r he is prep>$ or n4 ,t ^w is only "o among fifty1 con/itut+ ! lesson4 ,if he misses x1 ! tea*] _c decide t he 0 unprep>$4 ,x might h be5 a s+le accid5tal error4 ,ano!r tea*]1 he>+ ! same lesson1 reque/s ! boys to br+ _! slates1 & z he dictates ! words1 "o aft] ano!r1 requires all to write !m4 ,aft] !y are all writt51 he calls ^u ! pupils to spell !m al\d z !y h writt5 !m1 simultane\sly1 paus+ a mom5t aft] ea*1 to give ^? :o are wrong1 an opportunity to indicate x1 by "s m>k opposite ! ^w misspell$4 ,!y all c\nt ! numb] ( errors & report !m4 ,he passes d[n ! class1 glanc+ 8 eye at ! "w ( ea* "o1 to see t all is "r1 notic+ p>ticul>ly ^? slates1 :i*1 f ! "* ( ! boys1 ne$ a m c>eful inspection4 ,a tea*]1 :o _h nev] tri$ ?is exp]im5t1 w\ld be surpris$ at ! rapidity ) :i* su* "w w be done by a class1 aft] a little practice4 ,n[ h[ diff]5t are ^! two me?ods1 9 _! actual results6 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! :ole class are ?or\ghly exam9$4 ,9 ! =m]1 n a s+le memb] ( x1 is4 ,let me n be und]/ood to recomm5d exactly ?is me?od ( tea*+ spell+1 z ! be/ "o to be adopt$1 9 all cases4 ,i only br+ x =w>d z an illu/ration ( ! idea1 t a little ma*9]y1 a little +5uity1 9 contriv+ ways ( act+ on ! :ole1 r ?an on individuals1 w v mu* promote ! tea*]'s designs4 ,9 ord] to facilitate su* plans1 x is highly desirable t ! classes %\ld be tra9$ to milit>y precision & exactness 9 ^! manipulations4 ,:at ,i mean by ?is1 may p]haps be be/ illu/rat$1 by describ+ a case3 x w %[1 9 ano!r bran*1 h[ mu* w be ga9$ by act+ ^u numb]s at once1 in/ead ( ^u ea* individual 9 succession4 ,imag9e1 !n1 t a tea*] reque/$ all ! pupils ( 8 s*ool1 :o c\ld write1 to take out _! slates1 at ! h\r = a g5]al ex]cise4 ,z soon z ! fir/ bu/le ( op5+ & %utt+ ! desks 0 ov]1 he look$ ar\nd ! room1 & saw "s rul+ l9es across _! slates1 o!rs wip+ !m all ov] on bo? sides1 ) sponges1 o!rs scribbl+1 or writ+1 or mak+ figures4 ,all ^?1 says he1 ) a pleasant tone & look1 :o h tak5 out any ?+ besides slates1 may rise4 ,sev]al1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! room1 /ood up4 ,all ^?1 :o h writt5 any ?+ s9ce !y took out _! slates1 may rise too1 & ^? :o h wip$ _! slates4 ,:5 all 7 up1 he said to !m1 ?\gh n ) a fr[n or a sc[l1 z if !y _h committ$ "s v great (f5ce2 ,suppose a company ( soldi]s %\ld be ord]$ to =m a l9e1 & in/ead ( simply obey+ t ord]1 !y %\ld all set at "w1 ea* 9 8 own way1 do+ some?+ else4 ,"o man1 at "o end ( ! l9e1 beg9s to load & fire 8 gun2 ano!r takes out 8 knapsack1 & beg9s to eat 8 lun*eon2 a ?ird amuses himself by go+ z fa/ z possible ?r\gh ! ex]cise2 & ano!r /ill1 beg9s to m>* ab\t1 hi!r & ?i!r1 fac+ to ! "r & left1 & p]=m+ all ! evolutions he c ?9k (4 ,:at %\ld y say to su* a company z t8 ,! boys laugh$4 ,x is bett]1 said ! tea*]1 :5 numb]s are act+ "u ! direction ( "o1 t !y %\ld all act exactly toge!r4 ,9 ?is way1 we advance mu* fa/]1 ?an we o!rwise %\ld4 ,be c>eful !re=e to d exactly :at ,i comm&1 & no?+ m4 ,provide a place1 on y\r slates1 l>ge en\gh to write a s+le l9e1 add$ ! tea*]1 9 a di/9ct voice4 ,i pr9t 8 ord]s 9 italics1 & 8 rem>ks & explanations 9 ,roman lett]4 ,prep>e to write4 ,i mean by ?is1 he cont9u$1 t y place y\r slates be=e y1 ) y\r p5cils at ! place :]e y are to beg91 s t all may comm5ce precisely at ! same in/ant4 ,! tea*] :o tries su* an exp]im5t z ?is1 w f9d1 at su* a juncture1 an expression ( fix$ & pleas$ att5tion ^u e c\nt5ance 9 s*ool4 ,all w be int5t2 all w be int]e/$4 ,boys love ord] & sy/em1 & act+ 9 conc]t2 & !y w obey1 ) great alacrity1 su* comm&s z ^!1 if !y are good-humor$ly1 ?\gh decid$ly express$4 ,! tea*] obs]v$ 9 "o "p ( ! room1 a h& rais$1 indicat+ t ! boy wi%$ to speak to him4 ,he gave him lib]ty by pron\nc+ 8 "n4 ,i h no p5cil2 said ! boy4 ,a doz5 h&s1 all ar\nd him1 7 imm$iately se5 fumbl+ 9 pockets & desks1 &1 9 a few m9utes1 sev]al p5cils 7 rea*$ out = 8 acceptance4 ,! boy look$ at ! p5cils1 & !n at ! tea*]2 he did n exactly "k1 :e!r he 0 to take "o or n4 ,all ^? boys1 said ! tea*]1 pleasantly1 :o h tak5 out p5cils1 may rise4 ,h ^! boys done "r1 or wrong8 ,"r2 ,wrong2 ,"r2 answ]$ _! companions1 v>i\sly4 ,_! motive 0 to help _! classmate out ( 8 difficulties2 t is a good feel+1 c]ta9ly4 ,yes sir2 "r2 ,"r4 ,b ,i ?\ght y promis$ me a mom5t ago1 repli$ ! tea*]1 n to d any ?+1 unless ,i comm&$ x4 ,did ,i ask = p5cils8 ,a pause4 ,i d n blame ^! boys at all1 9 ?is case1 /ill x is bett] to adh]e rigidly to ! pr9ciple1 ( exact ob$i5ce1 :5 numb]s are act+ toge!r4 ,i ?ank !m1 !re=e1 = be+ s ready to assi/ a companion1 b !y mu/ put _! p5cils away1 z !y 7 tak5 out )\t ord]s4 ,n[ su* a dialogue z ?is1 if ! tea*] speaks 9 a good-humor$1 ?\gh decid$ mann]1 w\ld be univ]sally well receiv$1 9 any s*ool4 ,:5ev] /rictness ( discipl9e is unpopul>1 x is r5d]$ s1 simply by ! ill-humor$ & ill-judg$ means1 by :i* x is attempt$ to be introduc$4 ,b all *ildr5 w love /rict discipl9e1 if x is pleasantly1 ?\gh firmly ma9ta9$4 ,x is a great1 ?\gh v preval5t mi/ake1 to imag9e1 t boys & girls l a lax & ineffici5t gov]nm5t1 & dislike ! pressure ( /eady control4 ,:at !y dislike is1 s\r looks & irritat+ language1 & !y !re=e v naturally dislike e ?+ introduc$ or su/a9$ by _! means4 ,if1 h[ev]1 exactness & precision 9 all ! op]ations ( a class & ( ! s*ool1 are introduc$ & en=c$1 9 ! prop] mann]1 i4 e41 by a firm1 b mild & good-humor$ au?ority1 s*ol>s w univ]sally be pleas$ ) !m4 ,!y l to see ! uni=m appe>ance1--! /raight l9e1--! simultane\s movem5t4 ,!y l to feel ! op]ation ( sy/em1 & to realize1 :ile !y are at ! s*ool room1 t !y =m a community1 gov]n$ by fix$ & /eady laws1 firmly b pleasantly adm9i/]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 laxity ( discipl9e1 & ! disord] :i* w result f x1 w only lead ! pupils to contemn _! tea*]1 & to hate _! s*ool4 ,by introduc+ & ma9ta9+ su* a discipl9e z ,i h describ$1 great facilities w be secur$ = exam9+ ! classes4 ,= example1 to take a case diff]5t f ! "o be=e describ$2 let u suppose t a class h be5 p]=m+ a numb] ( examples 9 ,addition4 ,!y come toge!r to ! recitation1 & "u "o mode ( manag+ classes1 ! tea*] is imm$iately beset1 by a numb] ( ! pupils1 ) excuses4 ,"o _h no slate2 ano!r 0 abs5t :5 ! lesson 0 assign$2 a ?ird p]=m$ ! "w1 b x got rubb$ out2 & a f\r? did n "k :at 0 to be done4 ,! tea*] /ops to he> all ^!1 & to talk ab\t !m2 frett$ himself1 & frett+ ! del9qu5ts by 8 impati5t rem>ks4 ,! re/ ( ! class are wait+1 & hav+ no?+ good to d1 ! temptation is almo/ irresi/ible to d some?+ bad4 ,"o boy is draw+ pictures on 8 slate1 to make 8 neighbors laugh2 ano!r is :isp]+1 & two m are at play4 ,! disord] cont9ues1 :ile ! tea*] goes r\nd exam9+ slate aft] slate1 8 :ole att5tion be+ engross$ by ea* individual1 z ! pupils come to him successively1 :ile ! re/ are left to !mselves1 int]rupt$ only by an occasional h>% or ev5 angry1 b utt]ly useless rebuke f him4 ,b "u ano!r mode ( manag+ classes & s*ools1 a v diff]5t result w\ld be produc$4 ,a boy approa*es ! tea*] to r5d] an excuse1 ! tea*] replies1 address+ himself1 h[ev]1 to ! :ole class1 ,i %all give all an opportunity to (f] _! excuses pres5tly4 ,no "o mu/ come till he is call$4 ,! class !n regul>ly take _! places 9 ! recitation seats2 ! prep>$ & unprep>$ toge!r4 ,! foll[+ comm&s are giv5 & obey$1 promptly4 ,!y are spok5 pleasantly1 b /ill 9 ! tone ( comm&4 ,! class may rise4 ,all ^?1 t are n fully prep>$ ) ?is lesson1 may sit4 ,a numb] sit1 & o!rs1 d\btful :e!r !y are prep>$ or n1 or ?9k+ t !re is some?+ peculi> 9 _! cases1 :i* !y wi% to /ate1 raise _! h&s1 or make any o!r signal :i* is cu/om>y to indicate a wi% to speak4 ,su* a signal ought always to be agre$ ^u1 & und]/ood 9 s*ool4 ,! tea*] %akes 8 head2 say+ ,i w he> y pres5tly4 ,if !re is1 on any acc\nt :atev]1 any d\bt :e!r y are prep>$1 y mu/ sit4 ,^? t are /&+ may read _! answ]s1 to ,no4 #a4 ,unit figure8 ,boys4 ,five4 ,tea*]4 ,t5s8 ,b4 ,six4 ,t4 ,hundr$s8 ,b4 ,sev54 ,:ile ^! numb]s are ?us read+1 ! tea*] looks at ! boys1 & c easily see :e!r any are n read+ _! own answ]s1 b only foll[+ ! re/4 ,if !y h be5 tra9$ to speak exactly toge!r1 8 e> w also at once detect any errone\s answ]1 :i* any "o may give4 ,he takes d[n ! figures giv5 by ! majority1 on 8 own slate1 & reads !m al\d4 ,?is is ! answ] obta9$ by ! majority3 x is1 und\bt$ly "r4 ,^?1 :o h diff]5t answ]s may sit4 ,^! directions1 if und]/ood & obey$1 w\ld divide ! class evid5tly into two portions4 ,^? /&+1 h _! "w done1 & done correctly1 & ^? sitt+1 h "s excuse or error to be exam9$4 ,a new lesson may n[ be assign$1 & ! fir/ portion may be dismiss$2 :i*1 9 a well regulat$ s*ool1 w be two-?irds ( ! class4 ,_! slates may be slightly exam9$1 z !y pass by ! tea*]1 on _! way to _! seats1 to see t all is fair2 b x w be safe to take x = grant$1 t a result1 9 :i* a majority agree1 w be "r4 ,tru? is consi/5t ) itself1 b error1 9 su* a case1 nev] is4 ,?is1 ! tea*] c1 at any "t1 %[1 by comp>+ ! answ]s t are wrong2 !y w always be f\nd1 n only to diff] f ! correct result1 b to contradict ea* o!r4 ,! tea*] may n[1 if be pleases1 aft] ! majority ( ! class h gone1 he> ! reasons ( ^? :o 7 unprep>$1 & look = ! errors ( ^? ^: "w 0 incorrect2 b x is bett] to sp5d z little "t z possible1 9 su* a way4 ,if a s*ol> is n prep>$1 x is n ( mu* consequ5ce1 :e!r x is because he =got 8 book1 or mi/ook ! lesson2 or if x is asc]ta9$ t 8 answ] is incorrect1 x is1 ord9>ily1 a m]e wa/e ( "t1 to se>* = ! p>ticul> error4 ,i h look$ ov] my "w1 sir1 says ! boy1 p]haps1 & ,i _c f9d :]e x is wrong4 ,he means by x1 t he does n believe t x is wrong4 ,x is no matt] if y _c1 w\ld be ! prop] reply1 s9ce x c]ta9ly is wrong2 y h made a mi/ake 9 add+1 some:]e1 b x is n wor? :ile = me to sp5d two or ?ree m9utes apiece ) all ( y1 to asc]ta9 :]e4 ,try to be c>eful next "t4 ,! cases ( ^? :o are unprep>$ at a recitation1 ought1 by no means1 to be pass$ by1 unnotic$1 al?\gh x w\ld be unwise to sp5d mu* "t 9 exam9+ ea*1 9 detail4 ,x is n ( mu* consequ5ce1 ! tea*] might say1 :e!r y h good excuses1 or bad1 s long z y are n prep>$4 ,9 future life1 y w c]ta9ly be unsuccessful1 if y fail1 no matt] = :at reason1 to dis*>ge ! duties :i* devolve ^u y4 ,a c>p5t]1 = in/ance1 w\ld c]ta9ly lose 8 "w1 if he %\ld n p]=m x fai?fully1 & 9 season4 ,excuses1 no matt] h[ reasonable1 w d him little good4 ,s 9 ?is s*ool4 ,i want good recitations1 n good excuses4 ,i hope e "o w be prep>$ to-morr[4 ,x is n probable1 h[ev]1 t e "o w\ld be prep>$ ! next day1 9 su* a case2 b1 by act+ /eadily on ^! pr9ciples1 ! numb] ( del9qu5cies w\ld be s mu* dim9i%$1 t ! v few :i* %\ld be left1 c\ld easily be exam9$ 9 detail1 & ! rem$ies appli$4 ,simultane\s recitation1 by :i* ,i mean ! practice ( address+ a "q to all ! class1 to be answ]$ by all toge!r1 is a practice1 :i* has be5 = "s ye>s rapidly ext5d+ 9 our s*ools1 &1 if adopt$ ) prop] limits & re/rictions1 is att5d$ ) great advantage4 ,! tea*] mu/ gu>d aga9/ "s dang]s1 h[ev]1 :i* w be likely to att5d x4 #a4 ,"s w answ] v eag]ly1 in/antly aft] ! "q is complet$4 ,!y wi% to %[ _! sup]ior read9ess4 ,let ! tea*] m5tion ?is1 expose1 k9dly1 ! motive :i* leads to x1 & tell !m x is z irregul> to answ] be=e ! re/1 z aft] !m4 #b4 ,"s w def] _! answ]s1 until !y c cat* ^? ( _! comrades1 = a guide4 ,let ! tea*] m5tion ?is fault1 expose ! motive :i* leads to x1 & tell !m t1 if !y d n answ] indep5d5tly1 & at once1 !y _h bett] n answ] at all4 #c4 ,"s w n answ] at all4 ,! tea*] c tell by look+ ar\nd ! class :o d n1 = !y _c c\nt]feit ! prop] motion ( ! lips1 ) promptness & decision1 unless !y "k :at ! answ] is to be4 ,he ought occasionally to say to su* an "o1 ,i p]ceive y d n answ]2 & ask him que/ions individually4 #d4 ,9 "s cases1 !re is dang] ( confusion 9 ! answ]s1 f ! fact t ! "q may be ( su* a nature1 t ! answ] is long1 & may1 by diff]5t individuals1 be diff]5tly express$4 ,?is evil mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/1 by s %ap+ ! "q1 z to admit ( a reply 9 a s+le ^w4 ,9 read+ l>ge numb]s1 = example1 ea* figure may be call$ = by itself1 or !y may be giv5 "o aft] ano!r1 ! pupils keep+ exact "t4 ,:5 x is desirable to ask a "q to :i* ! answ] is necess>ily long1 x may be address$ to an individual1 or ! :ole class may write _! replies1 :i* may !n be read 9 succession4 ,9 a great _m cases :]e simultane\s answ]+ is practis$1 aft] a %ort "t1 ! evils above specifi$ are all[$ to gr[1 until at la/ "s half doz5 bright memb]s ( a class answ] = all1 ! re/ dragg+ aft] !m1 e*o+ _! replies1 or ceas+ to take any int]e/ 9 an ex]cise1 :i* br+s no p]sonal & individual responsibility ^u !m4 ,to prev5t ?is ! tea*] %\ld ex]cise d\ble vigilance1 at su* a "t4 ,he %\ld (t5 address que/ions to individuals alone1 especially to ^? mo/ likely to be inatt5tive & c>eless1 & gu>d aga9/ ! +ress ( e abuse1 :i* might1 )\t close vigilance1 appe>4 ,) ^! cautions1 ! me?od "h allud$ to w be f\nd to be ( v great advantage 9 _m /udies2 = example1 all ! ari?metical tables may be recit$ 9 ?is way2 words may be spell$1 answ]s to sums giv52 columns ( figures add$1 or numb]s multipli$2 & _m que/ions 9 ,hi/ory1 ,geography1 & o!r miscellane\s /udies1 answ]$1 especially ! g5]al que/ions ask$ = ! purpose ( a review4 ,b besides be+ useful z a mode ( exam9ation1 ?is plan ( answ]+ que/ions simultane\sly1 is a v important means ( fix+ 9 ! m9d1 any facts1 :i* ! tea*] may communicate to 8 pupils4 ,if1 = in/ance1 he says "s day to a class1 t ,vasco de ,gama 0 ! discov]] ( ! passage r\nd ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & leaves x "h1 9 a few days1 n "o 9 tw5ty1 w recollect ! "n4 ,b let him call ^u !m all to spell x1 simultane\sly1 & !n to pron\nce x di/9ctly1 ?ree or f\r times 9 conc]t1 & ! ^w w be v /rongly impress$ ^u ! m9d4 ,! reflect+ tea*] w f9d a ?\s& cases1 9 ! in/ruction ( 8 classes1 & 9 8 g5]al ex]cises1 9 ! s*ool1 9 :i* ?is pr9ciple w be ( great utility4 ,x is univ]sal 9 its application4 ,:at we say1 we fix by ! v act ( say+ x1 9 ! m9d4 ,h5ce read+ al\d1 ?\gh a sl[]1 is a f> m ?or\gh me?od1 ?an read+ sil5tly2 & x is bett]1 9 almo/ all cases1 :e!r 9 ! family1 or 9 sabba?1 or common s*ools1 :5 g5]al in/ructions are giv51 to h ! lead+ po9ts fix$ 9 ! m9d1 by que/ions1 answ]$ simultane\sly4 ,b we are w&]+ a little f our subject2 :i* is1 9 ?is "p ( our *apt]1 ! me?ods ( exam9+ a class1 n ( giv+ or fix+ in/ructions4 ,ano!r mode ( exam9+ classes1 :i* x is important to describe1 consi/s 9 requir+ writt5 answ]s to ! que/ions ask$4 ,! =m & mann]1 9 :i* ?is plan may be adopt$1 is v>i\s4 ,! class may br+ _! slates to ! recitation1 & ! tea*] may propose que/ions successively1 ! answ]s to :i* all ! class may write1 numb]+ !m c>efully4 ,aft] a doz5 answ]s are writt51 ! tea*] may call1 at r&om1 = !m2 or he may repeat a "q1 & ask ea* pupil to read ! answ] he _h writt52 or he may exam9e ! slates4 ,p]haps ?is me?od may be v successfully employ$ 9 reviews1 by dictat+ to ! class1 a li/ ( que/ions1 relat+ to ! gr\nd !y h gone ov]1 = a week1 & to :i* !y are to prep>e answ]s1 writt5 out at l5g?1 & to be br\ght 9 at ! next ex]cise4 ,?is me?od may be made m =mal /ill1 by requir+ a class to write a full & regul> ab/ract ( all !y h le>n$1 dur+ a specifi$ "t4 ,! practice ( ?us r$uc+ to writ+ :at has be5 le>n$1 w be att5d$ ) _m advantages1 s obvi\s t !y ne$ n be describ$4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ?ree me?ods ( exam9+ classes h n[ be5 nam$1 & ^! w af=d ! tea*] ! means ( introduc+ a v great v>iety1 9 8 mode ( conduct+ 8 recitations1 :ile he /ill c>ries 8 class =w>d /eadily 9 _! prescrib$ c\rse4 ,ea* is att5d$ ) its peculi> advantages4 ,! s+le replies1 com+ f individuals specially address$1 are m rigid1 & m to be reli$ ^u2--b !y consume a great deal ( "t1 & :ile "o is que/ion$1 x requires mu* skill1 to keep up int]e/ 9 ! re/4 ,! simultane\s answ]s ( a class awak5 m g5]al int]e/1 b x is difficult1 )\t special c>e1 to secure1 by ?is means1 a ?or\gh exam9ation ( all4 ,! writt5 replies1 are m ?or\gh1 b !y require m "t1 & att5tion1 & :ile !y habituate ! pupil to express 8 ?\ghts 9 writ+1 !y w\ld1 if exclusively adopt$1 fail to accu/om him to an equally important practice1 t ( ! oral communication ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,a con/ant v>iety1 ( :i* ^! ?ree me?ods %\ld be ! elem5ts1 is unque/ionably ! be/ mode4 ,we n only1 by ?is means1 secure 9 a great degree ! advantages :i* ea* is fitt$ to produce1 b we ga91 also1 ! additional advantage & int]e/ ( v>iety4 ,by ^!1 & p]haps by o!r means1 x is ! duty ( ! tea*] to satisfy himself t 8 pupils are really att5tive to _! duties4 ,x is n p]haps necess>y1 t e individual %\ld be1 e day1 m9utely exam9$2 ?is is1 9 _m cases1 impossible4 ,b ! sy/em ( exam9ation %\ld be s fram$1 & s adm9i/]$1 z to be daily felt by all1 & to br+ ^u e "o1 a daily responsibility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we come n[ to consid] ! second g5]al head1 :i* 0 to be discuss$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! /udy ( books alone1 is insuffici5t to give k to ! "y4 ,9 ! fir/ /age1 le>n+ to read1 a book is ( no use :atev]1 )\t ! voice ( ! liv+ tea*]4 ,! *ild _c take a /ep alone4 ,z ! pupil1 h[ev]1 advances 9 8 c\rse1 8 dep5d5ce ^u 8 tea*] = guidance & help1 cont9ually dim9i%es1 until1 at la/1 ! s*ol> sits 9 8 solit>y /udy1 ) no companion b 8 books1 & desir+1 = a solution ( e difficulty1 no?+ b a l>g] libr>y4 ,9 s*ools1 h[ev]1 ! pupils h made s little progress 9 ?is c\rse1 t !y all ne$ m or less ( ?is oral assi/ance4 ,difficulties mu/ be expla9$2 que/ions mu/ be answ]$2 ! pa? mu/ be smoo!d1 & ! way po9t$ out1 by a guide1 :o has travell$ x be=e1 or x w be impossible = ! pupil to g on4 ,?is is ! "p ( our subject1 :i* we n[ approa*4 ,! great pr9ciple :i* is to guide ! tea*]1 9 ?is "p ( 8 duty1 is ?is2 ,assi/ y\r pupils1 9 su* a way1 z to lead !m1 z soon z possible1 to d )\t assi/ance4 ,?is is fundam5tal4 ,9 a %ort "t !y w be away f y\r rea*2 !y w h no tea*] to consult2 & unless y tea* !m h[ to und]/& books !mselves1 !y mu/ necess>ily /op sudd5ly 9 _! c\rse1 ! mom5t y cease to help !m =w>d4 ,i %all proce$1 !re=e1 to consid] ! subject1 9 ! foll[+ plan3-- #a4 ,means ( excit+ int]e/ 9 /udy4 #b4 ,! k9d & degree ( assi/ance to be r5d]$4 #c4 ,miscellane\s sugge/ions4 #a4 ,int]e/+ ! pupils 9 _! /udies4 ,!re are v>i\s pr9ciples ( human nature1 :i* may be ( great avail1 9 accompli%+ ?is object4 ,mak+ intellectual ef=t1 & acquir+ k1 are always pleasant to ! human m9d1 unless "s peculi> circum/ances r5d] !m o!rwise4 ,! tea*] has1 !re=e1 only to remove ob/ructions1 & s\rces ( pa91 & ! employm5t ( 8 pupils w be1 ( itself1 a pleasure4 ,i am go+ to give y a new ex]cise to-day1 said a tea*] to a class ( boys1 9 ,lat94 ,i am go+ to h y p>se y\r :ole lesson1 9 writ+4 ,x w be difficult1 b ,i ?9k y may be able to accompli% x4 ,! class look$ surpris$4 ,!y did n "k :at p>s+ 9 writ+ c\ld be4 ,y may fir/1 :5 y take y\r seats1 & are ready to prep>e ! lesson1 write ^u y\r slates1 a li/ ( ! t5 fir/ n\ns1 arrang+ !m 9 a column4 ,d y und]/& s f>8 ,yes sir4 ,!n rule l9es = ano!r column1 j beyond ?is4 ,9 p>s+ n\ns1 :at is ! fir/ p>ticul> to be nam$8 ,:at ! n\n is f4 ,yes2 t is1 its nom9ative4 ,n[ y may write1 at ! head ( ! fir/ column1 ! ^w ,n\ns1 & at ! head ( ! second1 ,nom41 = nom9ative4 ,!n rule a l9e = ! ?ird column4 ,:at %all ?is conta98 ,! decl5sion4 ,yes2 & ! f\r?8 ,g5d]4 ,! fif?8 ,numb]4 ,9 ! same mann] ! o!r columns 7 designat$2 ! six?1 0 to conta9 case2 ! sev5?1 ! ^w1 ) :i* ! n\n 0 connect$1 9 con/ruction2 & ! eigh?1 a ref]5ce to ! rule4 ,n[ ,i wi% y1 cont9u$ ! tea*]1 to fill up su* a table z ?is1 ) t5 n\ns4 ,d y und]/& h[ ,i mean8 ,yes sir2 ,no sir2 !y answ]$1 v>i\sly4 ,all :o d und]/& may take _! seats2 z ,i wi% to give z little explanation1 z possible4 ,! m y c dep5d ^u y\rselves1 ! bett]4 ,^? :o saw cle>ly :at 0 to be done1 left ! class1 & ! tea*] cont9u$ 8 explanation to ^? :o 7 left beh9d4 ,he made ! plan p]fectly cle> to !m1 by tak+ a p>ticul> n\n1 & runn+ x ?r\gh ! table1 %[+ :at %\ld be writt5 opposite to ! ^w1 9 all ! columns2 & !n dismiss$ !m4 ,! class sep>at$1 z e class w\ld1 9 su* a case1 ) /rong int]e/ 9 ! "w be=e !m4 ,x 0 n s difficult z to p]plex !m1 & yet x requir$ att5tion & c>e4 ,!y 7 int]e/$ & pleas$2--pleas$ ) ! ef=t :i* x requir$ !m to make1 & !y anticipat$1 ) int]e/ & pleasure1 ! "t ( com+ aga9 to ! class1 to report & comp>e _! "w4 ,:5 ! "t = ! class came1 ! tea*] address$ !m some:at z foll[s3 ,be=e look+ at y\r slates1 ,i am go+ to pr$ict :at ! faults are4 ,i h n se5 any ( y\r "w1 b %all judge altoge!r f my g5]al k ( s*ool-boys1 & ! difficulties ,i "k !y meet ) ,d y ?9k ,i %all succe$8 ,! s*ol>s made no reply1 & an unskilful tea*] w\ld imag9e1 t "t sp5t 9 su* rem>ks1 w\ld be :olly wa/$4 ,by no means4 ,! influ5ce ( x 0 to awak5 univ]sal int]e/ 9 ! approa*+ exam9ation ( ! slates4 ,e s*ol> w\ld be int5t1 wat*+1 ) eag] int]e/1 to see :e!r ! imag9$ faults w\ld be f\nd ^u 8 "w4 ,! class 01 by t s+le pleasant rem>k1 put into ! be/ possible /ate1 = receiv+ ! criticisms ( ! tea*]4 ,! fir/ fault1 :i* ,i suppose w be f\nd1 is1 t "s are unf9i%$4 ,! s*ol>s look$ surpris$4 ,!y did n expect to h t call$ a fault4 ,h[ _m plead guilty to x8 ,a few rais$ _! h&s1 & ! tea*] cont9u$4 ,i suppose t "s w be f\nd p>tly effac$4 ,! slates 7 n laid away c>efully1 or !y 7 n clean1 s t ! writ+ is n di/9ct4 ,h[ _m f9d ?is ! case ) _! "w8 ,i suppose t1 9 "s cases1 ! l9es w n be p]p5dicul>1 b w slant1 probably t[>ds ! left1 l writ+4 ,i suppose also1 t1 9 "s cases1 ! writ+ w be c>eless1 s t ,i _c easily read x4 ,h[ _m plead guilty to ?is8 ,aft] m5tion+ su* o!r faults z occurr$ to him1 relat+ *iefly to ! =m ( ! table1 & ! m]e me*anical execution ( ! "w1 he said3 ,i ?9k ,i %all n look at y\r slates to-day4 ,y c all see1 ,i h no d\bt1 h[ y c consid]ably improve !m1 9 me*anical execution1 9 y\r next lesson2 & ,i suppose y w\ld a little pref] t ,i %\ld n see y\r fir/ imp]fect ef=ts4 ,9 fact1 ,i %\ld r n see !m4 ,at ! next recitation1 !y probably w be mu* bett]4 ,"o important means by :i* ! tea*] may make 8 s*ol>s c>eful ( _! reputation1 is to %[ !m1 ?us1 t he is c>eful ( x himself4 ,n[1 9 su* a case z ?is1 = x is1 except 9 ! pr9ciples :i* x is int5d$ to illu/rate1 imag9>y1 a v /rong int]e/ w\ld be awak5$ 9 ! class1 9 ! "w assign$ !m4 ,intellectual ef=t1 9 new & con/antly v>i$ modes1 is 9 itself a pleasure1 & ?is pleasure ! tea*] may deep5 & increase v easily1 by a little dext]\s managem5t1 design$ to awak5 curiosity1 & conc5trate att5tion4 ,x ought1 h[ev]1 to be con/antly borne 9 m9d1 t ?is v>iety %\ld be conf9$1 to ! modes ( pursu+ an object1 :i* is p]man5t1 & con/ant1 & /eadily pursu$4 ,= in/ance1 if a little class are to be taught simple addition1 aft] ! process is once expla9$1 :i* may be done1 p]haps1 9 two or ?ree lessons1 !y w ne$ _m days ( pati5t practice1 to r5d] x famili>1 to impress x firmly 9 _! recollection1 & to enable !m to "w ) rapidity4 ,n[ ?is object mu/ be /eadily pursu$4 ,x w\ld be v unwise = ! tea*] to say to himself2 my class are tir$ ( addition1 ,i mu/ c>ry !m on to subtraction1 or give !m "s o!r /udy4 ,x w\ld be equally unwise1 to keep !m _m days p]=m+ example aft] example1 9 monoton\s succession1 ea* lesson a m]e repetition ( ! la/4 ,he mu/ /eadily pursue 8 object1 ( famili>iz+ !m fully ) ?is elem5t>y process1 b he may give v>iety & _s to ! "w1 by *ang+ occasionally ! modes4 ,"o week he may dictate examples to !m1 & let !m come toge!r to comp>e _! results2 "o ( ! class be+ appo9t$ to keep a li/ ( all :o are correct1 ea* day4 ,at ano!r "t1 ea* "o may write an example1 :i* he may read al\d to all ! o!rs1 to be p]=m$ & br\ght 9 at ! next "t4 ,aga91 he may let !m "w on pap]1 ) p5 & ink1 t he may see h[ few mi/akes !y make1 z mi/akes 9 ink1 _c be easily remov$4 ,he may excite int]e/ by devis+ +5i\s examples1 su* z f9d+ out h[ mu* all ! numb]s f "o to fifty w make1 :5 add$ toge!r1 or ! am\nt ( ! ages ( ! :ole class2 or any su* example1 ! result ( :i* !y might feel a little int]e/ 9 le>n+4 ,?us ! object is /eadily pursu$1 ?\gh ! means ( pursu+ x1 are con/antly *ang+4 ,we h ! advantage ( regul> progress 9 ! acquisition ( k truly valuable1 :ile ?is progress is made1 ) all ! _s & int]e/ :i* v>iety c give4 ,! necessity ( mak+ su* ef=ts z ?is1 h[ev]1 to keep up ! int]e/ ( ! class 9 _! "w1 & to make x pleasant to !m1 w dep5d altoge!r ^u circum/ances2 or r1 x w v>y mu* ) circum/ances4 ,a class ( pupils some:at advanc$ 9 _! /udies1 & und]/&+ & feel+ ! value ( k1 w ne$ v little ( su* ef=t z ?is2 :ile "y & giddy *ildr51 :o h be5 accu/om$ to dislike books & s*ool1 & e ?+ connect$ ) !m1 w ne$ m4 ,x ought1 h[ev]1 9 all cases1 to be made a means1 n an end2--! means to lead on a pupil to an int]e/ 9 progress 9 k itself1 :i* is1 aft] all1 ! great motive1 :i* ought to be br\ght1 z soon & z ext5sively z possible1 to op]ate 9 ! s*ool-room4 ,ano!r way to awak5 int]e/ 9 ! /udies ( ! s*ool1 is to br+ out z frequ5tly1 & z di/9ctly1 z possible1 ! connexion betwe5 ^! /udies & ! practical bus9ess ( life4 ,! ev5ts :i* are occurr+ ar\nd y1 & :i* int]e/ ! community 9 :i* y are plac$1 may1 by a little +5uity1 be connect$1 9 a ?\s& ways1 ) ! /udies ( ! s*ool4 ,if ! practice1 :i* has be5 already repeat$ly recomm5d$1 ( appropriat+ a qu>t] ( an h\r1 ea* day1 to a g5]al ex]cise1 %\ld be adopt$1 x w af=d great facilities = do+ ?is4 ,suppose1 = example1 :ile ! "q betwe5 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t & ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 0 p5d+1 & agitat+ ! :ole c\ntry1 almo/ e "o look+1 ) anxi\s int]e/1 e day1 = intellig5ce f ! sc5e ( ! conflict1 t ! tea*] ( a s*ool1 _h br\ght up ! subject1 at su* a g5]al ex]cise z has be5 m5tion$4 ,he describes1 9 a few words1 ! nature ( ! "q1 &1 9 su* a mann]1 z to awak51 ?r\gh\t ! s*ool1 a /rong int]e/ 9 ! result ( ! conte/4 ,he !n says1 ,i wi% n[ to make y all m fully acqua9t$ ) ?is case1 & ! be/ way ( do+ x1 :i* occurs to me1 is z foll[s3 ,!re are sev]al /udies 9 s*ool1 :i* ?r[ light ^u ?is controv]sy2 especially ,hi/ory1 ,geography1 & ,political ,economy4 ,n[1 ,i %all take ! classes 9 ^! /udies1 = a day or two1 out ( _! regul> c\rse1 & assign !m lessons :i* relate to ?is subject1 & !n he> !m recite 9 ! ,g5]al ,ex]cise1 t y may all he>4 ,! fir/ class 9 ,geography may take !re=e1 = _! next lesson1 ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 to-morr[ !y w recite 9 ! he>+ ( ! :ole s*ool1 :5 ,i %all make su* additional explanations1 z w occur to me4 ,! next day1 ,i %all assign to ! class 9 ,hi/ory1 a passage giv+ an acc\nt ( ! =mation ( ?is gov]nm5t2 & aft]w>ds lessons w be recit$ f ! ,political ,class ,book1 expla9+ ! mode ( collect+ money = ! use ( our gov]nm5t1 by duties1 & ! relative p[]s ( ! ,g5]al & ,/ate ,gov]nm5ts4 ,aft] he>+ all ^! lessons recit$1 ) my rem>ks 9 addition1 y w be ! bett] able to und]/& ! subject1 & !n ,i %all br+ 9 a newspap] n[ & !n1 & keep y acqua9t$ ) ! progress ( ! affair4 ,n[ ! propriety ( tak+ up ! p>ticul> subject1 :i* ,i h "h introduc$1 by way ( illu/ration1 9 su* a way1 w\ld dep5d altoge!r ^u ! "* & /&+ ( ! s*ool2 ! age & m5tal maturity ( ! s*ol>s1 & _! capacity to und]/& ! circum/ances ( su* a case1 & to appreciate ^? consid]ations :i* give int]e/ to x4 ,! pr9ciple h[ev]1 is applicable to all2 & "o su* exp]im5t1 dext]\sly c>ri$ ?r\gh1 w d m t[>ds giv+ boys & girls1 cle> & practical ideas ( ! reason :y !y g to s*ool1 & ( ! importance ( acquir+ k1 ?an ! be/ lecture on su* a subject1 :i* ev] 0 deliv]$4 ,!re is no bran* ( /udy att5d$ to 9 s*ool1 :i* may1 by judici\s ef=ts1 be made m effectual 9 accompli%+ ?is object1--lead+ ! pupils to see ! practical utility1 & ! value ( k1 ?an composition4 ,if su* subjects z are suitable !mes = moral essays1 are assign$1 ! s*ol>s w inde$ dislike ! "w ( writ+1 & d]ive little b5efit f x4 ,! mass ( pupils 9 our s*ools1 are n to be writ]s ( moral essays or orations1 & !y d n ne$ to =m t /yle ( empty1 florid1 v]bose declamation1 :i* ! practice ( writ+ composition 9 our s*ools1 z x is too frequ5tly manag$1 t5ds to =m4 ,assign practical subjects1--subjects relat+ to ! bus9ess ( ! s*ool1--or ! ev5ts tak+ place ar\nd y4 ,is !re a "q be=e ! community1 on ! subject ( ! location ( a new s*ool-h\se8 ,assign x to y\r pupils1 z a "q = discussion1 & direct !m n to write empty declamation1 b to obta91 f _! p>5ts1 ! real argum5ts 9 ! case1 & to pres5t !m1 di/9ctly & cle>ly1 & 9 simple language1 to _! companions4 ,0 a build+ burnt by lightn+ 9 ! neighborhood8 ,let ^? :o saw ! sc5e1 describe x2 _! productions to be read by ! tea*] al\d2 & let !m see t cle> descriptions please1 & t good legible writ+ c be read flu5tly1 & t correct spell+1 & punctuation1 & gramm>1 make ! article g smoo?ly & pleasantly1 & enable x to produce its full effect4 ,is a public build+ go+ =w>d 9 ! neighborhood ( y\r s*ool8 ,y c make x a v fruitful s\rce ( subjects & que/ions1 to give int]e/ & impulse to ! /udies ( ! s*ool-room4 ,y\r classes 9 geometry may measure1--y\r ari?meticians may calculate1 & make e/imates1--y\r writ]s may describe its progress1 f week to week1 & anticipate ! sc5es1 :i* x w 9 future ye>s exhibit4 ,by su* means1 ! practical be>+s & relations ( ! /udies ( ! s*ool-room1 may he con/antly kept 9 view2 b ,i ought to gu>d ! tea*]1 :ile on ?is subject1 mo/ di/9ctly1 aga9/ ! dang] ( mak+ ! s*ool-room a sc5e ( lit]>y amusem5t1 in/ead ( /udy4 ,^! means ( awak5+ int]e/1 & reliev+ ! t$ium ( ! un9t]rupt$ & monoton\s /udy ( text books1 mu/ n encroa* on ! regul> duties ( ! s*ool4 ,!y mu/ be br\ght =w>d ) judgm5t & mod]ation1 & made subord9ate & subs]vi5t to ^! regul> duties4 ,_! design is1 to give _s1 & int]e/1 & a feel+ ( practical utility1 to :at ! pupils are do+1 & if resort$ to1 ) ^! re/rictions1 & )9 ^! limits1 !y w produce p[]ful1 b safe results4 ,ano!r way to excite int]e/1 & t ( ! "r k9d 9 s*ool1 is n to remove difficulties1 b to tea* ! pupils h[ to surm\nt !m4 ,a text book s contriv$ z to make /udy m]e play1 & to disp5se ) ?\ght & ef=t1 is ! wor/ text book t c be made1 & ! sure/ to be1 9 ! end1 a dull "o4 ,! great s\rce ( lit]>y enjoym5t1 :i* is ! successful ex]cise ( intellectual p[]1 is1 by su* a mode ( pres5t+ a subject1 cut (f4 ,secure !re=e sev]e /udy4 ,let ! pupil see t y are aim+ to secure x1 & t ! pleasure :i* y expect t !y w receive1 is t ( firmly & pati5tly enc\nt]+ & ov]com+ difficulty2 ( p5etrat+1 by /eady & p]sev]+ ef=t1 into regions1 f :i* ! idle & ! ineffici5t are deb>r$2 & t x is y\r prov9ce to lead !m =w>d1 n to c>ry !m4 ,!y w soon und]/& ?is1 & l x4 ,nev] und]rate ! difficulties :i* y\r pupils w h to enc\nt]1 or try to p]suade !m t :at y assign is easy4 ,do+ easy ?+s is g5]ally dull "w1 & x is especially disc\rag+ & di%e>t5+ = a pupil to sp5d 8 /r5g? 9 do+ :at is really difficult = him1 :5 8 in/ruct]1 by call+ 8 "w easy1 gives him no cr$it1 = :at may h be5 sev]e & protract$ labor4 ,if a ?+ is really h>d = ! pupil1 8 tea*] ought to "k x1 & admit x4 ,! *ild !n feels t he has "s sympa?y4 ,x is a/oni%+ h[ great an influ5ce may be ex]t$ ov] a *ild1 by 8 simply kn[+ t 8 ef=ts are obs]v$ & appreciat$4 ,y pass a boy 9 ! /reet1 :eel+ a heavy load1 9 a b>r[2 n[ simply /op to look at him1 ) a c\nt5ance :i* says1 t is a heavy load2 ,i %\ld n ?9k t boy c\ld :eel x2 & h[ quick w y\r look give fre% /r5g? & vigor to 8 ef=ts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :51 9 su* a case1 ! boy is falt]+ "u 8 load1 try ! effect ( tell+ him1 ,:y1 t is n heavy2 y c :eel x easily en\gh2 trundle x along4 ,! poor boy w drop 8 load1 di%e>t5$ & disc\rag$1 & sit d[n ^u x1 9 despair4 ,no1 ev5 if ! "w y are assign+ to a class is easy1 d n tell !m s1 unless y wi% to de/roy all _! _s & int]e/ 9 do+ x2 & if y wi% to excite _! _s & int]e/1 make y\r "w difficult1 & let !m see t y "k x is s4 ,n s difficult z to tax _! p[]s too heavily1 b en\gh s1 to require a vigor\s & p]sev]+ ef=t4 ,let !m di/9ctly und]/& too1 t y "k x is difficult1--t y mean to make x s1--b t !y h y\r sympa?y & enc\ragem5t1 9 ! ef=ts :i* x calls !m to make4 ,y may satisfy y\rself t human nature is1 9 ?is respect1 :at ,i h describ$1 by "s su* exp]im5t z ! foll[+3--,select two classes1 n v famili> ) elem5t>y ari?metic1 & (f] to ea* ( !m ! foll[+ example 9 ,addition3-- #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #a #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #a #b c4 c4 ,! numb]s may be cont9u$1 accord+ to ! obvi\s law regulat+ ! above1 until ea* "o ( ! n9e digits has comm5c$ ! l9e4 ,or1 if y *oose ,multiplication1 let ! example be ?is3-- ,multiply #abcdefghi by #abcdefghi --------- ,n[1 :5 y br+ ! example to "o ( ! classes1 address ! pupils z foll[s3 ,i h contriv$ = y a v difficult sum4 ,x is ! mo/ difficult "o t c be made1 ) ! numb] ( figures conta9$ 9 x1 & ,i d n ?9k t any ( y c d x1 b y may try4 ,i %all n be surpris$ if e answ] %\ld conta9 mi/akes4 ,to ! o!r class1 say z foll[s3-- ,i h prep>$ an example = y1 :i* ,i wi% y to be v c>eful to p]=m correctly4 ,x is a little long] ?an ^? y h _h h]et(ore1 b x is to be p]=m$ ^u ! same pr9ciples1 & y c all d x correctly1 if y really try4 ,n[ "u su* circum/ances ! fir/ class w g to _! seats ) ardor & alacrity2 det]m9$ to %[ y t !y c d "w1 ev5 if x is difficult4 ,& if !y succe$1 !y come to ! class ! next day1 ) pride & pleasure4 ,!y h accompli%$ some?+1 :i* y admit x 0 n easy to accompli%4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! second class w g to _! seats1 ) murmur+ looks & words2 & ) a he>ty dislike ( ! task y h assign$ !m4 ,!y "k t !y h some?+ to d1 :i*1 h[ev] easy x may be to ! tea*]1 is really difficult = !m1 & !y h to be p]plex$ & we>i$ ) ! "w1 )\t hav+ at la/1 ev5 ! little satisfaction ( kn[+ t ! tea*] appreciates ! difficulties ) :i* !y _h to cont5d4 #b4 ,we n[ come to consid] ! subject ( r5d]+ assi/ance to ! pupil1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ important & delicate p>ts ( a tea*]'s "w4 ,! great diff]5ce1 :i* exi/s among tea*]s1 9 reg>d to ! skill !y possess 9 ?is "p ( _! duty1 is s /rik+ t x is v (t5 notic$ by o!rs2 & p]haps skill "h is ( m avail1 9 decid+ ! "q ( success or failure1 ?an any ?+ besides4 ,! fir/ great pr9ciple1 is1 h[ev]1 simple & effectual4 7#a47 ,divide & subdivide a difficult process1 until y\r /eps are s %ort1 t ! pupil c easily take !m4 ,mo/ tea*]s =get ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pupil's capacity & _! own1 & !y pass rapidly =w>d1 ?r\gh a difficult tra9 ( ?\ght1 9 _! own ord9>y gait1 _! un=tunate foll[]s va9ly try+ to keep up ) !m4 ,! case is precisely analag\s to t ( ! fa!r1 :o walks ) ! /ep ( a man1 :ile 8 little son is by 8 side1 we>y+ & exhau/+ himself1 ) fruitless ef=ts to rea* 8 feet z f>1 & to move !m z rapidly1 z a full g[n man4 ,b to %[ :at ,i mean by subdivid+ a difficult process1 s z to make ea* /ep simple1 ,i w take a case :i* may s]ve z an example4 ,i w suppose t ! tea*] ( a common s*ool1 und]takes to %[ 8 boys1 :o1 we w suppose1 are acqua9t$ ) no?+ b elem5t>y ari?metic1 h[ longitude is asc]ta9$1 by means ( ! eclipses ( ,jupit]'s satellites2 n a v simple "q1 7z x w\ld1 at fir/ view1 /rike "o17 b /ill "o :i*1 l all o!rs1 may be1 m]ely by ! p[] ( ! subdivision allud$ to1 easily expla9$4 ,i w suppose t ! subject has come up at a g5]al ex]cise1--p]haps ! "q 0 ask$ 9 writ+1 by "o ( ! old] boys4 ,i w pres5t ! explanation1 *iefly 9 ! =m ( "q & answ]1 t x may be se51 t ! /eps are s %ort1 t ! boys may take !m !mselves4 ,:i* way1 asks ! tea*]1 are ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s f u8 ,we/1 answ] two or ?ree ( ! boys4 ,9 su* cases z ?is1 x is v desirable t ! answ]s %\ld be g5]al1 s t ?r\gh\t ! s*ool1 !re %\ld be a spirit$ int]e/ 9 ! que/ions & replies4 ,?is w nev] be ! case1 if a small numb] ( ! boys only take "p 9 ! answ]s2 & _m tea*]s compla91 t1 :5 !y try ?is exp]im5t1 !y c seldom induce _m ( ! pupils to take a "p4 ,! reason ord9>ily is1 t !y say t any ( ! boys may answ]1 in/ead ( t all ( !m may4 ,! boys d n get ! idea t x is wi%$ t an univ]sal reply %\ld come f all p>ts ( ! room 9 :i* e "o's voice %\ld be he>d4 ,if ! answ]s 7 feeble1 9 ! in/ance we are suppos+1 ! tea*] w\ld p]haps say2 ,i only he>d "o or two answ]s3 d n m ( y "k :]e ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s are8 ,w y all ?9k1 & answ] toge!r8 ,:i* way are !y f u8 ,we/1 answ] a l>ge numb] ( boys4 ,y d n answ] fully en\gh yet2 ,i d n ?9k m ?an =ty answ]$1 & !re are ab\t sixty "h4 ,i %\ld l to h e "o 9 ! room answ]1 & all precisely toge!r4 ,he !n repeats ! "q1 & obta9s a full response4 ,a simil> ef=t w always succe$4 ,n[1 does ! sun1 9 go+ r\nd ! e>?1 pass ov] ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 or ov] u1 fir/8 ,to ?is "q1 ! tea*] he>s a confus$ answ]4 ,"s d n reply2 "s say1 ,ov] ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 o!rs1 ,ov] u2 & o!rs /ill1 ,! sun does n move at all4 ,x is true t ! sun1 /rictly speak+1 does n move2 ! e>? turns r\nd1 pres5t+ ! v>i\s c\ntries1 9 succession1 to ! sun1 b ! effect is precisely ! same z x w\ld be1 if ! sun mov$1 & accord+ly ,i use t language4 ,n[1 h[ long does x take ! sun to pass r\nd ! e>?8 ,tw5ty f\r h\rs4 ,does he g t[>ds ! we/1 or t[>ds ! ea/1 f u8 ,t[>ds ! we/4 ,b x is n necess>y to give ! replies2 ! que/ions alone w be suffici5t4 ,! read] w obs]ve t !y inevitably lead ! pupil1 by %ort & simple /eps1 to a cle> und]/&+ ( ! po9t to be expla9$4 ,w ! sun g t[>ds1 or f1 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 aft] leav+ u8 ,h[ long did y say x takes ! sun to g r\nd ! globe1 & come to u aga98 ,h[ long to g half r\nd8 ,qu>t] r\nd8 ,h[ long w x take him to g to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s8 ,no answ]4 ,y _c tell4 ,x w\ld dep5d ^u ! di/ance4 ,suppose !n ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s 7 half r\nd ! globe1 h[ long w\ld x take ! sun to g to !m8 ,suppose !y 7 qu>t] r\nd8 ,! :ole di/ance is divid$ into portions call$ degrees2 #cfj 9 all4 ,h[ _m w ! sun pass1 9 go+ half r\nd8 ,9 go+ qu>t] r\nd8 ,n9ety degrees !n make "o qu>t] ( ! circumf]5ce ( ! globe4 ,?is y h already said w take six h\rs4 ,9 "o h\r !n1 h[ _m degrees w ! sun pass ov]8 ,p]haps no answ]4 ,if s1 ! tea*] w subdivide ! "q1 on ! pr9ciple we are expla9+1 s z to make ! /eps su* t ! pupils c take !m4 ,h[ _m degrees w ! sun pass ov] 9 ?ree h\rs8 ,=ty-five4 ,h[ l>ge a "p ( t1 !n1 w he pass1 9 "o h\r8 ,"o ?ird ( x4 ,& :at is "o ?ird ( =ty-five8 ,! boys w\ld readily answ] fifte51 & ! tea*] w\ld !n dwell = a mom5t1 on ! g5]al tru?1 ?us d$uc$1 t ! sun1 9 pass+ r\nd ! e>?1 passes ov] fifte5 degrees e h\r4 ,suppose !n x takes ! sun "o h\r to g f u to ! riv] ,mississippi1 h[ _m degrees we/ ( u1 w\ld ! riv] be8 ,hav+ ?us famili>iz$ ! pupils to ! fact1 t ! motion ( ! sun is a prop] measure ( ! diff]5ce ( longitude betwe5 two places1 ! tea*] mu/ dismiss ! subject1 = a day1 & :5 ! next opportunity ( br++ x =w>d occurs1 he w\ld p]haps take up ! subject ( ! sun's motion z a measure ( "t4 ,is ! sun ev] exactly ov] our heads8 ,is he ev] exactly s\? ( u8 ,:5 he is exactly s\? ( u1 or 9 o!r words1 exactly opposite to u1 9 8 c\rse r\nd ! e>?1 he is said to be 9 our m]idian4 ,= ! ^w m]idian means a l9e drawn exactly nor? or s\? f any place4 ,!re is no limit to ! simplicity :i* may be imp>t$1 ev5 to ! mo/ difficult subjects1 by subdivid+ ! /eps4 ,?is po9t = in/ance1 ! mean+ ( m]idian1 may be ! subject1 if x 7 necess>y1 ( _m que/ions1 :i* w\ld r5d] x simple to ! y\nge/ *ild4 ,! tea*] may po9t to ! v>i\s articles 9 ! room1 or build+s1 or o!r objects )\t1 & ask if !y are or are n 9 8 m]idian4 ,b to proce$3 ,:5 ! sun is exactly opposite to u1 9 ! s\?1 at ! highe/ po9t to :i* he rises1 :at o'clock is x8 ,:5 ! sun is exactly opposite to u1 c he be opposite to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s8 ,does he get opposite to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 be=e1 or aft]1 he is opposite to u8 ,:5 he is opposite to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :at o'clock is x !re8 ,is x twelve o'clock "h1 !n1 be=e1 or aft] x is twelve o'clock !re8 ,suppose ! riv] ,mississippi is fifte5 degrees f u1 h[ long is x twelve o'clock "h1 be=e x is twelve o'clock !re8 ,:5 x is twelve o'clock "h !n1 :at "t w x be !re8 ,"s w probably answ] "o1 & "s elev54 ,if s1 ! /ep is too long1 & may be subdivid$ ?us3 ,:5 x is noon "h1 is ! sun go+ t[>ds ! ,mississippi1 or has he pass$ x8 ,!n has noon gone by1 at t riv]1 or has x n yet come8 ,!n w x be "o h\r be=e1 or "o h\r aft] noon8 ,!n w x be elev51 or "o8 ,su* m9ut5ess & simplicity w\ld1 9 ord9>y cases1 n be necess>y4 ,i g into x "h1 m]ely to %[1 h[1 by simply subdivid+ ! /eps1 a subject ord9>ily p]plex+1 may be made pla94 ,! read] w obs]ve t 9 ! above1 !re are no explanations by ! tea*]1 !re are n ev5 lead+ que/ions2 t is1 !re are no que/ions ^: =m sugge/s ! answ]s desir$4 ,! pupil goes on f /ep to /ep1 simply because he has b "o %ort /ep to take at a "t4 ,c x be noon1 !n1 cont9ues ! tea*]1 "h & at a place fifte5 degrees we/ ( u1 at ! same "t8 ,c x be noon "h1 & at a place t5 miles we/ ( u1 at ! same "t8 ,x is unnecess>y to cont9ue ! illu/ration1 = x w be v evid5t to e read]1 t by go+ =w>d 9 ?is way1 ! :ole subject may be laid out be=e ! pupils1 s t !y %all p]fectly und]/& x4 ,!y c1 by a s]ies ( que/ions l ! above1 be l$ to see by _! own reason+1 t "t1 z d5ot$ by ! clock1 mu/ diff] 9 e two places1 n ^u ! same m]idian1 & t ! diff]5ce mu/ be exactly proportional to ! diff]5ce ( longitude4 ,s t a wat*1 :i* is "r 9 "o place1 _c1 /rictly speak+1 be "r 9 any o!r place1 ea/ or we/ ( ! fir/3 & t1 if ! "t ( day1 at two places1 c be comp>$1 ei!r by tak+ a *ronomet] f "o to ano!r1 or by obs]v+ "s cele/ial ph5om5on1 l ! eclipses ( ,jupit]'s satellites1 & asc]ta9+ precisely ! "t ( _! occurr5ce1 accord+ to ! reckon+ at bo?2 ! di/ances ea/ or we/1 by degrees1 may be det]m9$4 ,! read] w obs]ve1 too1 t ! me?od by :i* ?is explanation is made1 is /rictly 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple ,i am illu/rat+1--:i* is by simply divid+ ! process into %ort /eps4 ,!re is no +5i\s reason+ on ! "p ( ! tea*]1 no happy illu/rations2 no app>atus1 no diagrams4 ,x is a pure process ( ma!matical reason+1 made cle> & easy by simple analysis4 ,9 apply+ ?is me?od1 h[ev]1 ! tea*] %\ld be v c>eful n to subdivide too mu*4 ,x is be/ t ! pupils %\ld walk z fa/ z !y c4 ,! object ( ! tea*] %\ld be to smoo? ! pa?1 n mu* m ?an b>ely en\gh to enable ! pupil to g on4 ,he %\ld n endeavor to make x v easy4 7#b47 ,tru?s mu/ n only be taught to ! pupils1 b !y mu/ be fix$1 & made famili>4 ,?is is a po9t :i* seems to be v g5]ally ov]look$4 ,c y say ! ,multiplication ,table8 said a tea*]1 to a boy1 :o 0 /&+ be=e him1 9 8 class4 ,yes sir4 ,well1 ,i %\ld l to h y say ! l9e beg9n+ n9e times "o4 ,! boy repeat$ x sl[ly1 b correctly4 ,n[ ,i %\ld l to h y try aga91 & ,i w1 at ! same "t1 say ano!r l9e1 to see if ,i c put y out4 ,! boy look$ surpris$4 ,! idea ( 8 tea*]'s try+ to p]plex & emb>rass him1 0 entirely new4 ,y mu/ n be afraid1 said ! tea*]2 y w und\bt$ly n succe$ 9 gett+ ?r\gh1 b y w n be to blame = ! failure4 ,i only try x1 z a sort ( intellectual exp]im5t4 ,! boy accord+ly began aga91 b 0 soon completely confus$ by ! tea*]'s accompanim5t2 he /opp$ 9 ! middle ( 8 l9e say+1 ,i c\ld say x1 only y put me out4 ,well1 n[ try to say ! ,alphabet1 & let me see if ,i c put y out !re4 ,z might h be5 expect$ ! tea*] fail$4 ,! boy w5t regul>ly onw>d to ! end4 ,y see n[1 said ! tea*] to ! class :i* _h witness$ ! exp]im5t1 t ?is boy kn[s 8 ,alphabet1 9 a diff]5t s5se1 f t 9 :i* he kn[s 8 ,multiplication table4 ,9 ! latt]1 8 k is only imp]fectly 8 own2 he c make use ( x only "u favorable circum/ances4 ,9 ! =m] x is entirely 8 own2 circum/ances h no control ov] him4 ,a *ild has a lesson 9 ,lat9 ,gramm> to recite4 ,%e hesitates & /amm]s1 miscalls ! cases1 & !n corrects h]self1 & if %e gets ?r\gh at la/1 %e consid]s h]self z hav+ recit$ well2 & v _m tea*]s w\ld consid] x well too4 ,if %e hesitates a little long] ?an usual1 9 try+ to summon to h] recollection a p>ticul> ^w1 %e says1 p]haps1 ,don't tell me1 & if %e happ5s at la/ to guess "r1 %e takes h] book ) a c\nt5ance beam+ ) satisfaction4 ,suppose y _h ! c>e ( an infant s*ool1 might ! in/ruct] say to su* a s*ol>2 & 7 endeavor+ to tea* a little *ild to c\nt1 & %e %\ld recite h] lesson to y 9 ?is way2 ',"o1 two1 f\r1 no1 ?ree2--"o1 two1 ?ree1-- -- /op1 don't tell me1--five--no f\r--f\r--1 five1-- -- -- ,i %all ?9k 9 a m9ute1--six--is t "r8 five1 six1 c4' ,%\ld y call t recit+ well8 ,no?+ is m common ?an = pupils to say1 :5 !y fail ( recit+ _! lesson1 t !y c\ld say x at _! seats1 b t !y _c n[ say x1 be=e ! class4 ,:5 su* a ?+ is said = ! fir/ "t1 x %\ld n be sev]ely reprov$1 because n9e *ildr5 9 t5 hone/ly ?9k1 t if ! lesson 0 le>n$ s t x c\ld be recit$ any :]e1 _! duty is dis*>g$4 ,b x %\ld be k9dly1 ?\gh di/9ctly expla9$ to !m1 t1 9 ! bus9ess ( life1 !y mu/ h _! k s mu* at comm&1 t !y c use x1 at all times1 & 9 all circum/ances1 or x w d !m little good4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common causes ( difficulty 9 pursu+ ma!matical /udies1 or /udies ( any k9d1 :]e ! succe$+ lessons dep5d ^u ^? :i* prec$e1 is ! fact t ! pupil1 ?\gh he may und]/& :at prec$es1 is n famili> ) x4 ,?is is v /rik+ly ! case ) ,geometry4 ,! class /udy ! def9itions1 & ! tea*] supposes !y fully und]/& !m2 9 fact1 !y d und]/& !m1 b ! "n & ! ?+ are s feebly connect$ 9 _! m9ds1 t a direct ef=t1 & a %ort pause1 are necess>y to recall ! idea1 :5 !y he> or see ! ^w4 ,:5 !y come on !re=e to ! demon/rations1 :i*1 9 !mselves1 w\ld be difficult en\gh1 !y h d\ble duty to p]=m4 ,! words us$ d n readily sugge/ ! idea1 & ! connexion ( ! ideas requires c>eful /udy4 ,"u ?is d\ble burd51 _m a "y geometrician s9ks disc\rag$4 ,a class %\ld g on sl[ly1 & dwell on details1 s long z to fix firmly1 & make p]fectly famili>1 :atev] !y und]take to le>n4 ,9 ?is mann]1 ! k !y acquire w become _! own4 ,x w be incorporat$1 z x 71 into _! v m9ds1 & !y _c aft]w>ds be depriv$ ( x4 ,! ex]cises :i* h = _! object ?is r5d]+ famili> :at has be5 le>n$1 may be s v>i$ z to int]e/ ! pupil v mu*1 in/ead ( be+ tiresome1 z x might1 at fir/ be suppos$4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 a tea*] has expla9$ to a l>ge class 9 gramm>1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 an adjective & an adv]b3 if he leave x "h1 9 a =tnight1 "o half w\ld h =gott5 ! di/9ction1 b by dwell+ ^u x1 a few lessons1 he may fix x = ev]4 ,! fir/ lesson might be to write tw5ty %ort s5t5ces conta9+ only adjectives4 ,! second to write tw5ty1 conta9+ only adv]bs4 ,! ?ird1 to write s5t5ces 9 two =ms1 "o conta9+ ! adjective1 & ! o!r express+ ! same idea by means ( ! adv]b1 arrang+ !m 9 two columns1 ?us1 ,he writes well4 ,8 writ+ is good4 ,aga91 !y may make out a li/ ( adjectives1 ) ! adv]bs d]iv$ f ea*1 9 ano!r column4 ,!n !y may classify adv]bs on ! pr9ciple ( _! mean+1 or accord+ to _! t]m9ation4 ,! ex]cise may be inf9itely v>i$1 & yet ! object ( ! :ole may be1 to make p]fectly famili>1 & to fix = ev] 9 ! m9d1 ! di/9ction expla9$4 ,^! two po9ts seem to me to be fundam5tal1 s f> z assi/+ pupils ?r\gh ! difficulties :i* lie 9 _! way1 is conc]n$4 ,dim9i% ! difficulties z f> z is necess>y1 by m]ely %ort5+ & simplify+ ! /eps1 & make ?or\gh "w z y g on4 ,^! pr9ciples c>ri$ /eadily into practice1 w be effectual1 9 lead+ any m9d ?r\gh any difficulties :i* may occur4 ,& ?\gh !y _c p]haps be fully appli$ to e m9d1 9 a l>ge s*ool1 yet !y c be s f> act$ ^u1 9 ref]5ce to ! :ole mass1 z to accompli% ! object = a v l>ge majority4 #c4 ,g5]al cautions4 ,a few miscellane\s sugge/ions1 :i* we %all include "u ?is head1 w conclude ?is *apt]4 7#a47 ,nev] d any ?+ = a s*ol>1 b tea* him to d x = himself4 ,h[ _m cases occur1 9 ! s*ools ( our c\ntry1 :]e ! boy br+s 8 slate to ! tea*]1 say+ he _c d a c]ta9 sum4 ,! tea*] takes ! slate & p5cil1--p]=ms ! "w 9 sil5ce1--br+s ! result1--& returns ! slate to ! h&s ( 8 pupil1 :o walks (f to 8 seat1 & goes to "w on ! next example2 p]fectly satisfi$ ) ! mann] 9 :i* he is pass+ on4 ,a man :o has n done ?is a hundr$ times himself1 w h>dly believe x possible t su* a practice c prevail4 ,x is s evid5tly a wa/e ( "t1 bo? = ma/] & s*ol>4 7#b47 ,nev] get out ( pati5ce ) dulness4 ,p]haps ,i ought to say1 nev] get out ( pati5ce ) any ?+4 ,t w\ld p]haps be ! wise/ rule4 ,b above all ?+s1 rememb] t dulness & /upidity1 & y w c]ta9ly f9d !m 9 e s*ool1 are ! v la/ ?+s to get out ( pati5ce )4 ,if ! ,creator has s =m$ ! m9d ( a boy1 t he mu/ g ?r\gh life sl[ly & ) difficulty1 imp$$ by ob/ructions :i* o!rs d n feel1 & depress$ by disc\ragem5ts :i* o!rs nev] "k1 8 lot is surely h>d en\gh1 )\t hav+ y to add to x ! trials & suff]+1 :i* s>casm & reproa* f y1 c heap ^u him4 ,look ov] y\r s*ool-room1 !re=e1 & :]ev] y f9d "o1 :om y p]ceive ! ,creator to h endu$ ) less intellectual p[] ?an o!rs1 fix y\r eye ^u him ) an expression ( k9dness & sympa?y4 ,su* a boy w h suff]+ en\gh f ! selfi% tyranny ( 8 companions2 he ought to f9d 9 y1 a protector & fri5d4 ,"o ( ! greate/ pleasures :i* a tea*]'s life af=ds1 is1 ! int]e/ ( seek+ out su* an "o1 b[$ d[n ) burd5s ( depression & disc\ragem5t1--unaccu/om$ to sympa?y & k9dness1 & expect+ no?+ = ! future1 b a we>y cont9uation ( ! *e]less toils1 :i* h imbitt]$ ! pa/2--& ! pleasure ( tak+ (f ! burd51 ( surpris+ ! timid di%e>t5$ suff]] by k9d words & *e]+ looks1 & ( see+1 9 8 c\nt5ance1 ! expression ( ease & ev5 ( happ9ess1 gradually return+4 7#c47,! tea*] %\ld be int]e/$ 9 all 8 s*ol>s1 & aim equally to secure ! progress ( all4 ,let !re be no neglect$ ones 9 ! s*ool room4 ,we %\ld always rememb] t1 h[ev] unpleasant 9 c\nt5ance & mann]s t ba%ful boy1 9 ! corn]1 may be1 or h[ev] repulsive 9 appe>ance1 or unhappy 9 disposition1 t girl1 seem+ to be int]e/$ 9 nobody1 & nobody appe>+ int]e/$ 9 h]1 !y /ill h1 ea* ( !m1 a "m1 :o loves h] own *ild1 & takes a deep & con/ant int]e/ 9 its hi/ory4 ,^? mo!rs h a "r too1 t _! *ildr5 %\ld receive _! full %>e ( att5tion1 9 a s*ool :i* has be5 e/abli%$ = ! common & equal b5efit ( all4 7#d47 ,d n hope or attempt to make all y\r pupils alike4 ,provid5ce has det]m9$ t human m9ds %\ld diff] f ea* o!r1 = ! v purpose ( giv+ v>iety & int]e/ to ?is busy sc5e ( life4 ,n[ if x 7 possible = a tea*]1 s to plan 8 op]ations1 z to s5d 8 pupils =? ^u ! community1 =m$ on ! same model1 z if !y 7 made by ma*9]y1 he w\ld d s mu*1 t[>ds spoil+ "o ( ! wise/ ( ! plans :i* ! ,almighty has =m$1 = mak+ ?is _w a happy sc5e4 ,let x be ! tea*]'s aim to coop]ate )1 n va9ly to attempt to ?w>t ! designs ( ,provid5ce4 ,we %\ld br+ out ^? p[]s ) :i* ! ,creator has endu$ ! m9ds plac$ "u our control4 ,we mu/ op5 our g>d5 to su* influ5ces z %all br+ =w>d all ! plants1 ea*1 9 a way correspond+ to its own nature4 ,x is impossible1 if x 7 wise1 & x w\ld be fooli%1 if x 7 possible1 to /imulate1 by artificial means1 ! rose1 9 hope ( its rea*+ ! size & magnitude ( ! apple-tree1 or to try to cultivate ! fig & ! orange1 :]e :eat only w gr[4 ,no2 x %\ld be ! tea*]'s ma9 design1 to %elt] 8 pupils f e delet]i\s influ5ce1 & to br+ e ?+ to be> ^u ! community ( m9ds be=e him1 :i* w enc\rage1 9 ea* "o1 ! developem5t ( its own native p[]s4 ,= ! re/1 he mu/ rememb] t 8 prov9ce is to cultivate1 n to create4 ,error on ?is po9t1 is v common4 ,_m tea*]s1 ev5 among ^? :o h tak5 high rank1 ?r\gh ! success ) :i* !y h labor$ 9 ?is field1 h wa/$ mu* "t1 9 attempt+ to d :at c nev] be done2 to =m ! "* ( ^? br\ght "u _! influ5ce1 aft] a c]ta9 uni=m model1 :i* !y h conceiv$ z ! /&>d ( excell5ce4 ,_! pupils mu/ write j su* a h&1 !y mu/ compose 9 j su* a /yle1 !y mu/ be simil> 9 s5tim5t & feel+1 & _! mann]s mu/ be =m$ accord+ to a fix$ & uni=m model2 & :51 9 su* a case1 a pupil comes "u _! *>ge :om ,provid5ce has design$ to be entirely diff]5t f ! beau ideal adopt$ z ! /&>d1 m "t & pa9s1 & anxi\s solicitude is wa/$ 9 va9 attempts to produce ! desir$ con=mity1 ?an half ! s*ool require beside4 7#e47 ,d n all[ ! faults or obliquities ( "*1 or ! intellectual or moral wants1 ( any individual1 ( y\r pupils1 to engross a disproportionate %>e ( y\r "t4 ,i h already said1 t ^? :o are peculi>ly 9 ne$ ( sympa?y or help1 %\ld receive ! special att5tion !y seem to require2 :at ,i mean to say n[1 is1 d n c>ry ?is to an extreme4 ,:5 a p>5t s5ds y a pupil1 :o1 9 consequ5ce ( neglect or mismanagem5t1 at home1 has become wild & ungov]nable1 & full ( all sorts ( wick$ness1 he has no "r to expect1 t y %all turn y\r att5tion away f ! wide field1 :i*1 9 y\r :ole s*ool-room1 lies be=e y1 to sp5d y\r "t1 & exhau/ y\r spirits & /r5g?1 9 endeavor+ to repair ! injuries :i* 8 own neglect has occasion$4 ,:5 y op5 a s*ool1 y d n engage1 ei!r op5ly or tacitly1 to make e pupil :o may be s5t to y1 a le>n$ or a virtu\s man4 ,y d engage to give !m all fai?ful in/ruction1 & to be/[ ^u ea* su* a degree ( att5tion1 z is consi/5t ) ! claims ( ! re/4 ,b x is bo? unwise & unju/1 to neglect ! _m trees 9 y\r nurs]y1 :i* by ord9>y att5tion1 may be made to gr[ /raight & tall1 & to be> good fruit1 t y may wa/e y\r labor ^u a crook$ /ick1 f :i* all y\r toil c secure v little beauty or fruitfulness4 ,let no "o n[ und]/& me to say1 t su* cases are to be neglect$4 ,i admit ! propriety1 & 9 fact1 h urg$ ! duty1 ( pay+ to !m a little m ?an _! due %>e ( att5tion4 ,:at ,i n[ condemn is ! practice1 ( :i* all tea*]s are 9 dang]1 ( devot+ su* a disproportionate & unreasonable degree ( att5tion to !m1 z to encroa* ^u _! duties to o!rs4 ,! s*ool1 ! :ole s*ool1 is y\r field1 ! elevation ( ! mass1 9 k & virtue1 & no individual in/ance1 ei!r ( dulness or precocity1 %\ld draw y away f its /eady pursuit4 7#f47 ,! tea*] %\ld gu>d aga9/ unnecess>ily imbib+ ^? faulty m5tal habits1 to :i* 8 /ation & employm5t expose him4 ,accu/om$ to comm&1 & to hold int]c\rse ) m9ds :i* are immature & feeble1 comp>$ ) our own1 we gradually acquire habits1 t ! r\gh collisions & ! friction ( active life1 prev5t f ga!r+ ar\nd o!r m54 ,n>r[m9d$ prejudices & prepossessions are imbib$1 ?r\gh ! facility1 ) :i*1 9 our own little community1 we adopt & ma9ta9 op9ions4 ,a too /rong confid5ce 9 our own views on e subject1 almo/ inevitably comes1 f nev] he>+ our op9ions contradict$ or call$ 9 "q2 & we express ^? op9ions 9 a tone ( au?ority & ev5 sometimes ( arrogance1 :i* we acquire 9 ! s*ool-room1 = !re1 :5 we speak1 nobody c reply4 ,^! peculi>ities %[ !mselves fir/1 & 9 fact1 mo/ commonly1 9 ! s*ool-room2 & ! op9ions ?us =m$1 v (t5 relate to ! /udies & managem5t ( ! s*ool4 ,"o has a peculi> mode ( tea*+ spell+1 :i* is successful almo/ entirely ?r\gh ! magic influ5ce ( 8 int]e/ 9 x1 & he ?9ks no o!r mode ( tea*+ ?is bran*1 is ev5 tol]able4 ,ano!r mu/ h all 8 pupils write on ! angul> sy/em1 or ! anti-angul> sy/em1 & he ent]s ) all ! zeal into a controv]sy on ! subject1 z if ! de/9y ( ! :ole ris+ g5]ation1 dep5d$ ^u its decision4 ,tell him t all t is ( any consequ5ce 9 any h&writ+1 is1 t x %\ld be legible1 rapid1 & uni=m1 & t1 = ! re/1 x w\ld be bett] t e human be+ %\ld write a diff]5t h&1 & he looks ^u y ) a/oni%m5t1 wond]+ t y _c see ! vital importance ( ! "q1 :e!r ! v]tex ( an o %\ld be po9t$ or r\nd4 ,s 9 e ?+4 ,he has 8 way 9 e m9ute p>ticul>1--a way f :i* he _c deviate1 & to :i* he wi%es e "o else to con=m4 ,?is set1 =mal mann]ism is entirely inconsi/5t ) t comm&+1 intellectual influ5ce1 :i* ! tea*] %\ld ex]t 9 ! adm9i/ration ( 8 s*ool4 ,he %\ld "w1 ) :at an arti/ calls boldness & fre$om ( t\*4 ,activity & ent]prise ( m9d %\ld *>act]ize all 8 measures1 if he wi%es to make bold1 orig9al1 & effici5t m54 7#g47 ,assume no false appe>ances1 9 y\r s*ool1 ei!r z to k or "*4 ,p]haps x may ju/ly be said to be ! common practice ( tea*]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 to affect dignity ( deportm5t 9 ! pres5ce ( _! pupils1 :i*1 9 o!r cases1 is laid aside2 & to pret5d to sup]iority 9 k1 & an infallibility ( judgm5t1 :i* no s5sible man w\ld claim be=e o!r s5sible m51 b :i* an absurd fa%ion seems to require ( ! tea*]4 ,x c h[ev] sc>cely be said to be a fa%ion1 = ! temptation is almo/ exclusively conf9$ to ! "y & ! ignorant1 :o ?9k !y mu/ make up by appe>ance1 :at !y want 9 reality4 ,v few ( ! old]1 & m exp]i5c$1 & successful in/ruct]s 9 our c\ntry1 fall into x at all4 ,b "s "y beg9n]1 ^: k is v limit$1 & :o1 9 mann] & habits1 has only j ceas$ to be a boy1 walks into 8 s*ool-room ) a c\nt5ance ( =c$ gravity1 & ) a dignifi$ & solemn /ep1 :i* is ludicr\s ev5 to himself4 ,i describe accurately1 = ,i describe f recollection4 ,?is unnatural1 & =c$1 & ludicr\s dignity1 cleaves to him l disease1 ?r\gh ! :ole p]iod ( 8 duty4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( 8 s*ol>s1 he is always "u re/ra9t1--assum+ a /iff1 & =mal dignity1 :i* is z ridicul\s z x is unnatural4 ,he is also oblig$ to resort to arts :i* are c]ta9ly n v honorable1 to conceal 8 ignorance4 ,a s*ol>1 = example1 br+s him a sum 9 ari?metic1 :i* he does n "k h[ to p]=m4 ,?is may be ! case ) a mo/ excell5t tea*]1--& "o well qualifi$ = 8 bus9ess4 ,9 ord] to be successful z a tea*]1 x is n necess>y to und]/& e ?+4 ,in/ead1 h[ev]1 ( say+ frankly1 ,i d n und]/& t example1 ,i w look at x & exam9e x1 he looks at x emb>rass$ & p]plex$1 n kn[+ h[ he %all escape ! exposure ( 8 ignorance4 ,8 fir/ ?\ght is1 to give "s g5]al directions to ! pupil1 & s5d him to 8 seat to make a new exp]im5t1 hop+ t 9 "s way or o!r1 he sc>cely kn[s h[1 he w get ?r\gh2 &1 at any rate1 if he does n1 ! tea*] at lea/ ga9s "t by manoeuvre1 & is glad to po/pone 8 tr\ble1 ?\gh he kn[s x mu/ soon return4 ,all ef=ts to conceal ignorance1 & all affectation ( k n possess$1 are z unwise z !y are di%one/4 ,if a s*ol> asks a "q :i* y _c answ]1 or br+s y a difficulty :i* y _c solve1 say frankly1 ,i d n "k4 ,x is ! only way to avoid cont9ual anxiety & irritation1 & ! sure/ means ( secur+ real respect4 ,let ! s*ol>s und]/& t ! sup]iority ( ! tea*] does n consi/ 9 8 infallibility1 or 9 8 univ]sal acquisitions1 b 9 a well balanc$ m9d1 :]e ! b\nd>y betwe5 k & ignorance is di/9ctly m>k$2 9 a /rong desire to g =w>d1 9 m5tal improvem5t2 & 9 fix$ pr9ciples ( action1 & sy/ematic habits4 ,y may ev5 take up 9 s*ool1 a /udy entirely new to y1 & h x und]/ood at ! outset1 t y "k no m ( x ?an ! class comm5c+1 b t y c be _! guide1 on acc\nt ( ! sup]ior maturity & discipl9e ( y\r p[]s1 & ! comp>ative ease ) :i* y c meet & ov]come difficulties4 ,?is is ! und]/&+ :i* ought always to exi/ betwe5 ma/] & s*ol>s4 ,! fact t ! tea*] does n "k e ?+1 _c long be conceal$1 if he tries to conceal x2 & 9 ?is1 z 9 e o!r case1 ,,hone/y ,,is ,,! ,,be/ ,,policy4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,moral ,,discipl9e4 ,"u ! title :i* ,i h plac$ at ! head ( ?is *apt]1 ,i int5d to discuss ! me?ods by :i* ! tea*] is to secure a moral asc5d5cy ov] 8 pupils1 s t he may lead !m to d :at is "r1 & br+ !m back to duty1 :5 !y d :at is wrong4 ,i %all use1 9 :at ,i h to say1 a v pla9 & famili> /yle2 & z v mu* dep5ds1 n only on ! g5]al pr9ciples by :i* ! tea*] is actuat$1 b also on ! tone & mann] 9 :i*1 9 cases ( discipl9e1 he addresses 8 pupils1 ,i %all describe p>ticul> cases1 real & imag9>y1 because by ?is me?od1 ,i c bett] illu/rate ! c\rse to be pursu$4 ,i %all also pres5t & illu/rate ! v>i\s pr9ciples :i* ,i consid] important1 & 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y occur to my m9d4 #a4 ,! fir/ duty !n1 ( ! tea*]1 :5 he ent]s 8 s*ool1 is1 to bew>e ( ! dang] ( mak+ an unfavorable impression1 at fir/1 ^u 8 pupils4 ,_m ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 a *ild1 ! tea*] ( ! s*ool :]e my e>ly /udies 7 p]=m$1 clos$ 8 connexion ) ! e/abli%m5t1 &1 aft] a %ort vacation1 ano!r 0 expect$4 ,on ! appo9t$ day1 ! boys began to collect1 "s f curiosity1 at an e>ly h\r1 & _m speculations 7 />t$1 z to ! "* ( ! new in/ruct]4 ,we 7 /&+ ne> a table1 ) our hats on1--& our position1 & ! exact appe>ance ( ! gr\p is indelibly fix$ on my memory1--:5 a small & y\?ful look+ man1 ent]$ ! room1 & walk$ up t[>ds u4 ,suppos+ him to be "s /rang]1 or r1 n mak+ any supposition at all1 we /ood look+ at him z he approa*$1 & 7 ?und]-/ruck at he>+ him acco/ u ) a /]n voice & /]n] br[1 ,take (f y\r hats4 ,take (f y\r hats1 & g to y\r seats4 ,! conviction imm$iately ru%$ ^u our m9ds1 t ?is mu/ be our new tea*]4 ,! fir/ emotion 0 t ( surprise1 & ! second 0 t ( ! ludicr\s2 ?\gh ,i believe we contriv$ to smo!r ! laugh1 until we got out into ! op5 air4 ,s long s9ce 0 ?is little occurr5ce1 t ,i h entirely =gott5 ! "n ( ! tea*]1 & h n ! slighte/ recollection ( any o!r act 9 8 adm9i/ration ( ! s*ool4 ,b ?is recollection ( 8 fir/ greet+ ( 8 pupils1 & ! expression ( 8 c\nt5ance at ! mom5t1 w g ) me to ! end ( life4 ,s /rong are fir/ impressions4 ,be c>eful1 !n1 :5 y fir/ see y\r pupils1 t y meet !m ) a smile4 ,i d n mean a pret5d$ cordiality1 :i* has no exi/5ce 9 ! he>t1 b ?9k ( ! relation1 :i* y are to su/a9 to !m1 & ?9k ( ! v int]e/+ circum/ances1 "u :i*1 = "s mon?s at lea/1 y\r de/9ies are to be unit$ to !irs1 until y _c help feel+ a /rong int]e/ 9 !m4 ,%ut y\r eyes1 = a day or two1 to _! faults1 if possible1 & take an int]e/ 9 all _! pleasures & pursuits1 t ! fir/ attitude1 9 :i* y exhibit y\rself be=e !m1 may be "o1 :i* %all allure1 n repel4 #b4 ,9 endeavor+ to correct ! faults ( y\r pupils1 d n1 z _m tea*]s d1 seize only ^u ^? p>ticul> cases ( transgression1 :i* may happ5 to come "u y\r notice4 ,^! individual in/ances are v few1 probably1 comp>$ ) ! :ole numb] ( faults1 aga9/ :i* y ought to ex]t an influ5ce4 ,& ?\gh y p]haps ought n to neglect ^?1 :i* may accid5tally come "u y\r notice1 yet ! obs]v+ & puni%+ su* cases1 is a v small "p ( y\r duty4 ,y accid5tally he>1 ,i w suppose1 z y are walk+ home f s*ool1 two ( y\r boys 9 e>ne/ conv]sation1 & "o ( !m uses pr(ane language4 ,n[1 ! c\rse to be pursu$ 9 su* a case1 is mo/ evid5tly1 n to call ! boy to y1 ! next day1 & puni% him1 & !re let ! matt] re/4 ,?is w\ld p]haps be bett] ?an no?+4 ,b ! *ief impression :i* x w\ld make ^u ! individual1 & ^u ! o!r s*ol>s1 w\ld be1 ,i mu/ take c>e h[ ,i let ! ma/] he> me use su* language aga94 ,a wise tea*]1 :o takes enl>g$ & ext5d$ views ( 8 duty1 9 reg>d to ! moral progress ( 8 pupils1 w\ld act v diff]5tly4 ,he w\ld look at ! :ole subject4 ,does ?is fault1 he w\ld say to himself1 prevail among my pupils8 ,if s1 h[ ext5sively8 ,x is comp>atively ( little consequ5ce to puni% ! p>ticul> transgression4 ,! great po9t is1 to devise "s plan to rea* ! :ole evil1 & to correct x1 if possible4 ,9 "o case1 :]e su* a circum/ance occurr$1 ! tea*] manag$ x mo/ successfully1 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,he said no?+ to ! boy1 & 9 fact1 ! boy did n "k t he 0 ov]he>d4 ,he all[$ a day or two to elapse1 s t ! conv]sation might be =gott51 & !n took an opportunity1 "o day1 aft] s*ool1 :5 all ?+s _h gone on pleasantly1 & ! s*ool 0 ab\t to be clos$1 to br+ =w>d ! :ole subject4 ,he told ! boys t he _h some?+ to say to !m1 aft] !y _h laid by _! books1 & 7 ready to g4 ,! desks 7 soon clos$1 & e face 9 ! room 0 turn$ t[>ds ! ma/]1 ) a look ( fix$ att5tion4 ,x 0 almo/ ev5+4 ,! sun _h gone d[n4 ,! boys' labors 7 ov]4 ,! day 0 done1 & _! m9ds 7 at re/1 & e ?+ 0 favorable = mak+ a deep & p]man5t impression4 ,a few days ago1 says ! tea*]1 :5 all 0 /ill1 ,i accid5tally ov]he>d "s conv]sation betwe5 two ( ! boys ( ?is s*ool1 & "o ( !m swore4 ,!re 0 a pause4 ,p]haps y expect t ,i am n[ go+ to call ! boy out1 & puni% him4 ,is t :at ,i ought to d8 ,!re 0 no answ]4 ,i ?9k a boy :o uses bad language ( any k9d1 does :at he kn[s is wrong4 ,he breaks ,god's comm&s4 ,he does :at he kn[s w\ld be displeas+ to 8 p>5ts1 & he sets a bad example4 ,he does wrong1 !re=e1 & ju/ly des]ves puni%m5t4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 _m boys1 :o felt t !y 7 9 dang]4 ,e "o1 :o _h us$ pr(ane language1 0 aw>e t he might be ! "o1 :o _h be5 ov]he>d1 &1 ( c\rse1 all 7 deeply int]e/$ 9 :at ! tea*] 0 say+4 ,he might1 ,i say1 cont9u$ ! tea*]1 ju/ly be puni%$1 b ,i am n go+ to puni% him2 = if ,i %\ld1 ,i am afraid t x w\ld only make him a little m c>eful h]eaft]1 n to commit ?is s9 :5 ,i c\ld possibly be )9 he>+1 in/ead ( p]suad+ him1 z ,i wi% to1 to avoid su* a s91 9 future1 altoge!r4 ,i am satisfi$ t t boy w\ld be f> happi]1 ev5 9 ?is _w1 if he w\ld make x a pr9ciple always to d 8 duty1 & nev]1 9 any case1 to d wrong4 ,& !n :5 ,i ?9k h[ soon he1 & all ( u w be 9 ano!r _w1 :]e we %all all be judg$ = :at we d "h1 ,i feel /rongly desir\s ( p]suad+ him to ab&on entirely ?is practice4 ,i am afraid t puni%+ him n[1 w\ld n d t4 ,besides1 cont9ues ! tea*]1 ,i ?9k x v probable t !re are _m o!r boys 9 ?is s*ool1 :o are sometimes guilty ( ?is fault1 & ,i h ?\ght t x w\ld be a great deal bett] & happi] = u all1 if1 in/ead ( puni%+ ?is p>ticul> boy1 :om ,i h accid5tally ov]he>d1 & :o probably is n m to blame ?an _m o!r boys 9 s*ool1 ,i %\ld br+ up ! :ole subject1 & endeavor to p]suade all to re=m4 ,i am aw>e t !re are1 un=tunately1 9 our c\ntry1 a great _m tea*]s1 f ^: lips1 su* an appeal z ?is1 w\ld be :olly 9 va94 ,! man :o is accu/om$ to scold1 & /orm1 & puni%1 ) unsp>+ sev]ity1 e transgression1 "u ! influ5ce ( irritation & ang]1 mu/ n expect t he c w9 ov] 8 pupils to confid5ce 9 him1 & to ! pr9ciples ( duty1 by a ^w4 ,b su* an appeal w n be lo/1 :5 x comes f a man1 ^: daily & habitual managem5t corresponds ) x4 ,b to return to ! /ory3 ,! tea*] made "s f>!r rem>ks1 expla9+ ! nature ( ! s91 n 9 ! language ( execration1 & affect$ abhorr5ce1 b calmly1 temp]ately1 & )\t any disposition to make ! wor/ ( ! occurr5ce :i* _h tak5 place4 ,9 conclud+ :at he said1 he address$ ! boys z foll[s3 ,n[ boys1 ! "q is1 d y wi% to ab&on ?is habit1 or n2 if y d1 all is well4 ,i %all imm$iately =get all ! pa/1 & w d all ,i c to help y resi/ & ov]come temptation 9 future4 ,b all ,i c d1 is1 only to help y2 & ! fir/ ?+ to be done1 if y wi% to engage 9 ?is "w ( re=m1 is1 to ackn[l$ge y\r fault2 & ,i %\ld l to "k h[ _m are will+ to d ?is4 ,i wi% all ^? :o are will+ to tell me :e!r !y use pr(ane language1 w\ld rise4 ,e individual b "o1 rose4 ,i am v glad to see s l>ge a numb]1 said ! tea*]2 & ,i hope y w f9d t ! "w ( confess+ & =sak+ y\r faults1 is1 on ! :ole1 pleasant1 n pa9ful bus9ess4 ,n[ ^? :o c truly & hone/ly say1 t !y nev] d use pr(ane language1 ( any k9d1 may take _! seats4 ,?ree only1 ( ! :ole numb]1 :i* consi/$ ( n f> f #bj1 sat d[n4 ,x 0 9 a sea-port t[n1 :]e ! temptation to yield to ?is vice is ev5 great]1 ?an w\ld be1 9 ! int]ior ( our c\ntry1 suppos$ possible4 ,^? :o are n[ /&+1 pursu$ ! tea*]1 admit t !y d1 sometimes at lea/1 commit ?is s94 ,i suppose all1 h[ev]1 are det]m9$ to re=m2 = ,i d n "k :at else %\ld induce y to rise & ackn[l$ge x "h1 unless x is a desire1 h]eaft] to break y\rselves ( ! habit4 ,b d y suppose t x w be en\gh = y m]ely to resolve "h1 t y w re=m8 ,no sir1 said ! boys4 ,:y8 ,if y n[ s9c]ely det]m9e nev] m to use a pr(ane ^w1 w y n easily avoid x8 ,! boys 7 sil5t4 ,"s said fa9tly1 ,no sir4 ,x w n be easy = y to avoid ! s9 h]eaft]1 cont9u$ ! tea*]1 ev5 if y d n[1 s9c]ely & resolutely1 det]m9e to d s4 ,y h =m$ ! habit ( s91 & ! habit w n be easily ov]come4 ,b ,i h deta9$ y long en\gh n[4 ,i w try to devise "s me?od1 by :i* y may c>ry y\r plan into effect1 & to-morr[ ,i wilt tell y :at x is4 ,s !y 7 dismiss$ = ! day4 ,! pleasant c\nt5ance & *e]ful tone ( ! tea*] convey+ to !m ! impression1 t !y 7 engag+ 9 ! common ef=t to accompli% a mo/ desirable purpose1 9 :i* !y 7 to receive ! tea*]'s help2 n t he 0 pursu+ !m1 ) ?reat5+ & puni%m5t1 into ! =bidd5 practice into :i* !y _h wick$ly /ray$4 ,great caution is h[ev]1 9 su* a case1 necess>y1 to gu>d aga9/ ! dang]1 t ! tea*]1 9 attempt+ to avoid ! tones ( irritation & ang]1 %\ld s speak ( ! s91 z to blunt _! s5se ( its guilt1 & lull _! consci5ces into a slumb]4 ,at ! appo9t$ "t1 on ! foll[+ day1 ! subject 0 aga9 br\ght be=e ! s*ool1 & "s plans propos$1 by :i* ! resolutions n[ =m$1 might be m c]ta9ly kept4 ,^! plans 7 readily & *e]fully adopt$ by ! boys1 & 9 a %ort "t1 ! vice ( pr(an5ess 01 9 a great degree1 bani%$ f ! s*ool4 ,?is :ole acc\nt is sub/antially fact4 ,i hope ! read] w keep 9 m9d ! object ( ! above illu/ration1 :i* is to %[1 t x is ! true policy ( ! tea*]1 n to wa/e 8 "t & /r5g?1 9 cont5d+ aga9/ su* accid5tal in/ances ( transgression1 z may *ance to fall "u 8 notice1 b to take an enl>g$ & ext5d$ view ( ! :ole gr\nd1 endeavor+ to remove :ole classes ( faults1--to elevate & improve multitudes1 toge!r4 ,by ^! means1 8 labors w n only be m effectual1 b f> m pleasant4 ,y _c come into collision ) an individual s*ol>1 to puni% him = a mis*iev\s _s1 or ev5 to rebuke him = "s s+le act1 by :i* he has giv5 y tr\ble1 )\t an uncom=table & uneasy feel+1 :i* makes1 9 ord9>y cases1 ! discipl9e ( a s*ool1 ! mo/ unpleasant "p ( a tea*]'s duty4 ,b y c plan a campaign aga9/ a :ole class ( faults1 & put into op]ation a sy/em ( measures to correct !m1 & wat* f day to day ! op]ation ( t sy/em1 ) all ! _s & int]e/ ( a game4 ,x is 9 fact a game1 :]e y\r +5uity & moral p[] are br\ght into ! field1 9 opposition to ! evil t5d5cies ( ! he>ts :i* are "u y\r influ5ce4 ,y w notice ! success or ! failure ( ! means y may put into op]ation1 ) all ! int]e/ ) :i* ! exp]im5tal philosoph] obs]ves ! curi\s processes he guides2 ?\gh y\r int]e/ may be mu* pur] & high]2 = he works ^u matt]1 b y are exp]im5t+ ^u m9d4 ,rememb] !n1 z1 = ! fir/ "t y take y\r new /ation1 t x is n y\r duty1 simply to wat* ) an eagle eye = ^? accid5tal in/ances ( transgression1 :i* may *ance to fall "u y\r notice2 y are to look ov] ! :ole gr\nd2 y are to make y\rself acqua9t$1 z soon z possible1 ) ! classes ( "*1 & classes ( faults1 :i* may prevail 9 y\r dom9ions1 & to =m delib]ate & well dige/$ plans1 = improv+ ! "o & correct+ ! o!r4 ,& ?is is to be ! c\rse pursu$1 n only ) great del9qu5cies1 su* z ^? to :i* ,i h already allud$1 b to e little transgression aga9/ ! rules ( ord] & propriety4 ,y c correct !m f> m easily & pleasantly 9 ! mass1 ?an 9 detail4 ,to illu/rate ?is pr9ciple by ano!r case4 ,a tea*]1 :o takes ! c\rse ,i am condemn+1 approa*es ! seat ( "o ( 8 pupils1 & asks to see "o ( 8 books4 ,z ! boy op5s 8 desk1 ! tea*] obs]ves t x is 9 complete disord]4 ,books1 maps1 pap]s1 play?+s1 are !re 9 promiscu\s confusion2 & f ! impulse ( ! mom5t1 ! displeas$ tea*] p\rs out ^u ! poor boy a torr5t ( reproa*4 ,:at a look+ desk6 ,:y1 ,john6 ,i am really a%am$ ( y4 ,look1 cont9ues he1 hold+ up ! lid1 s t ! boys 9 ! neighborhood c look 92 see :at a mass ( disord] & confusion4 ,if ev] ,i see y\r desk 9 su* a /ate aga91 ,i %all mo/ c]ta9ly puni% y4 ,! boys ar\nd laugh2 v equivocally1 h[ev]1 = ) ! feel+ ( amusem5t1 !re is m+l$ ! fe> t ! angry ma/] may take x into 8 head to inspect _! dom9ions4 ,! boy accid5tally expos$1 looks sull51 & beg9s to ?r[ 8 books into "s sort ( arrangem5t1 j en\gh to %ield himself f ! *>ge ( absolutely disobey+1 & !re ! matt] ends4 ,ano!r tea*] takes no app>5t notice ( ! confusion he ?us accid5tally witnesses4 ,i mu/ take up1 ?9ks he to himself1 ! subject ( ord]1 be=e ! :ole s*ool4 ,i h n yet spok5 ( x4 ,he ?anks ! boy = ! book he borr[$1 & goes away4 ,he makes a memor&um ( ! subject1 & ! boy does n "k t ! condition ( 8 desk 0 notic$2 p]haps he does n ev5 "k t !re 0 any ?+ amiss4 ,a day or two aft]1 at a "t regul>ly appropriat$ to su* subjects1 he addresses ! boys z foll[s3 ,9 our ef=ts to improve ! s*ool z mu* z possible1 !re is "o subject1 :i* we mu/ n =get4 ,i mean ! ord] ( ! desks4 ,! boys all beg9 to op5 _! desk lids4 ,y may /op a mom5t1 says ! tea*]4 ,i %all give y all an opportunity to exam9e y\r desks pres5tly4 ,i d n "k :at ! condition ( y\r desks is4 ,i h n exam9$ !m1 & h n1 9 fact1 se5 ! inside ( m ?an "o or two4 ,z ,i h n br\ght up ?is subject be=e1 ,i presume t !re are a great _m1 :i* c be arrang$ bett] ?an !y are4 ,w y all n[ look into y\r desks1 & see :e!r y consid] !m 9 good ord]4 ,/op a mom5t h[ev]4 ,let me tell y :at good ord] is4 ,all ^? ?+s :i* are alike1 %\ld be arrang$ toge!r4 ,books %\ld be 9 "o place1 pap]s 9 ano!r1 & ?us e ?+ %\ld be classifi$4 ,aga91 e ?+ %\ld be s plac$ t x c be tak5 out )\t di/urb+ o!r ?+s4 ,!re is ano!r pr9ciple also1 :i* ,i w m5tion1 ! v>i\s articles %\ld h con/ant places1--t is1 !y %\ld n be *ang$ f day to day4 ,by ?is means1 y soon rememb] :]e e ?+ belongs1 & y c put away y\r ?+s mu* m easily e night1 ?an if y _h e night to arrange !m 9 a new way4 ,n[ w y look into y\r desks1 & tell me :e!r !y are1 on ^! ?ree pr9ciples1 well arrang$4 ,! boys ( mo/ s*ools1 :]e ?is subject _h n be5 regul>ly att5d$ to1 w\ld ne>ly all answ] 9 ! negative4 ,i w all[ y !n1 "s "t to-day1 fifte5 m9utes to arrange !m1 & ,i hope y w try to keep !m 9 good ord] h]eaft]4 ,a few days h5ce1 ,i %all exam9e !m4 ,if any ( y wi% = assi/ance or advice f me1 9 putt+ !m 9 ord]1 ,i %all be happy to r5d] x4 ,by su* a plan1 :i* w occupy b little m "t ?an ! irritat+ & useless scold+1 :i* ,i suppos$ 9 ! o!r case1 h[ mu* m w be accompli%$4 ,su* an address w\ld1 ( itself1 probably1 be ! means ( putt+ 9 ord]1 & keep+ 9 ord]1 at lea/ "o half2 & foll[+ up ! plan 9 ! same mann]1 & 9 ! same _s1 ) :i* x 0 begun1 w\ld secure ! re/4 ,i repeat x1 !re=e1 make x a pr9ciple 9 all cases1 to aim z mu* z possible at ! correction ( ^? faults :i* are likely to be g5]al1 by g5]al measures4 ,y avoid by ?is means1 a va/ am\nt ( irritation & impati5ce1 bo? on y\r own "p1 & on ! "p ( y\r s*ol>s1 & y produce at lea/ tw5ty times ! useful effect4 #c4 ,! next pr9ciple :i* occurs to me1 z des]v+ ! tea*]'s att5tion 9 ! outset ( 8 c\rse1 is ?is3 ,int]e/ y\r s*ol>s 9 do+ some?+ !mselves to elevate ! moral "* ( ! s*ool1 s z to secure a decid$ majority1 :o w1 ( _! own accord1 co-op]ate ) y4 ,let y\r pupils und]/&1 n by any =mal spee* y make to t effect1 b by ! mann] 9 :i*1 f "t to "t1 y incid5tally allude to ! subject1 t y consid] ! s*ool1 :5 y comm5ce x1 z at p>1 s to speak1--t is1 on a level ) o!r s*ools1 & t y\r v>i\s plans = improv+ & am5d+ x1 are n to be consid]$ 9 ! light ( f9d+ fault1 & puni%+ transgressions1 & controll+ evil prop5sities1 s z j to keep ?+s 9 a tol]able /ate2 b z ef=ts to improve & c>ry =w>d1 to a /ate ( excell5ce n yet atta9$1 all ! affairs ( ! in/itution4 ,su* is ! tone & mann] ( "s tea*]s1 t !y nev] appe> to be m ?an m]ely satisfi$4 ,:5 ! s*ol>s d "r1 no?+ is said ab\t x4 ,! tea*] seems to consid] t a matt] ( c\rse4 ,x does n appe> to int]e/ or please him at all4 ,no?+ ar\ses him1 b :5 !y d wrong1 & t only excites him to ang] & fr[ns4 ,n[1 9 su* a case1 !re c ( c\rse be no /imulus to ef=t on ! "p ( ! pupils1 b ! cold & he>tless /imulus ( fe>4 ,n[1 x is wrong = ! tea*] to expect t ?+s w g "r 9 8 s*ool1 z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,all t he c expect1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 is1 t ?+s %\ld g on z well z !y d ord9>ily 9 s*ools1--! ord9>y am\nt ( idl5ess1--! ord9>y am\nt ( misconduct4 ,?is is ! mo/ t he c expect to come z a matt] ( c\rse2 he %\ld feel ?is1 & !n1 all he c ga9 :i* w be bett] ?an ?is1 w be a s\rce ( positive pleasure2 a pleasure :i* 8 pupils h procur$ = him1 & :i* consequ5tly !y %\ld %>e4 ,!y %\ld und]/& t ! tea*] is engag$ 9 v>i\s plans = improv+ ! s*ool1 9 :i* !y %\ld be invit$ to engage1 n f ! selfi% desire ( !reby sav+ him tr\ble1 b because x w really be happy employm5t = !m to engage 9 su* an ent]prise1 & because1 by su* ef=ts1 _! own moral p[]s w be ex]t$ & /r5g!n$ 9 ! be/ possible way4 ,9 ano!r *apt]1 ,i h expla9$ to :at ext5t1 & 9 :at mann]1 ! assi/ance ( ! pupils may be usefully & successfully employ$1 9 c>ry+ =w>d ! g5]al arrangem5ts ( ! s*ool4 ,! same pr9ciples w apply "h1 ?\gh p]haps a little m c>eful & delicate managem5t is necess>y1 9 int]e/+ !m 9 subjects :i* relate to moral discipl9e4 ,"o important me?od ( do+ ?is1 is1 to pres5t ^! plans be=e ! m9ds ( ! s*ol>s1 z exp]im5ts1--moral exp]im5ts1 ^: comm5cem5t1 progress1 & results1 !y may take a great int]e/ 9 witness+4 ,let u take1 = example1 ! case allud$ to "u ! la/ head1--! plan ( effect+ a re=m 9 reg>d to keep+ desks 9 ord]4 ,suppose ! tea*] 7 to say1 :5 ! "t _h arriv$1 at :i* he _h promis$ to give !m an opportunity to put !m 9 ord]1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be a good plan to keep "s acc\nt ( our ef=ts = improv+ ! s*ool 9 ?is respect4 ,we might make a record ( :at we d to-day1 not+ ! day ( ! mon?1 & ! numb] ( desks :i* may be f\nd to be disord]ly4 ,!n at ! end ( any "t y may propose1 we w h ! desks exam9$ aga91 & see h[ _m are disord]ly4 ,we c !n see h[ mu* improvem5t has be5 made1 9 t "t4 ,%\ld y l to adopt ! plan8 ,if ! boys %\ld appe> n mu* int]e/$ 9 ! proposal1 ! tea*] might1 at 8 own discretion1 waive x4 ,9 all probability1 h[ev]1 !y w\ld l x1 & w\ld indicate _! int]e/ by _! c\nt5ances1 or p]haps by a response4 ,if s1 ! tea*] might proce$4 ,y may all exam9e y\r desks !n1 & decide :e!r !y are 9 ord]1 or n4 ,i d n "k1 h[ev]1 b t we ought to appo9t a committee to exam9e !m2 = p]haps all ! boys w\ld n be hone/1 & report _! desks z !y really are4 ,yes sir2 ,yes sir2 say ! boys4 ,d y mean t y w be hone/1 or t y w\ld l to h a committee appo9t$8 ,!re 0 a confus$ murmur4 ,"s answ] "o1 & "s ! o!r4 ,i ?9k1 proce$s ! tea*]1 ! boys w be hone/1 & report _! desks j z !y are4 ,at any rate1 ! numb] ( di%one/ boys 9 ?is s*ool1 _c be s l>ge z mat]ially to affect ! result4 ,i ?9k we _h bett] take y\r own /atem5ts4 ,z soon z ! desks are all exam9$1 ^? :o h f\nd !irs 9 a condition :i* does n satisfy !m1 are reque/$ to rise & be c\nt$4 ,! tea*] !n looks ar\nd ! room1 & select+ "s intellig5t boy :o has influ5ce among 8 companions1 & ^: influ5ce he is p>ticul>ly desir\s ( enli/+ on ! side ( good ord]1 says1 ,%all ,i nom9ate "s "o to keep an acc\nt ( ?is plan8 ,yes sir1 say ! boys4 ,well1 ,i nom9ate ,william ,jones4 ,h[ _m are 9 favor ( reque/+ ,william ,jones to p]=m ?is duty8 ,x is a vote4 ,william1 ,i w ?ank y to write ^u a piece ( pap]1 t on ! #h? ( ,decemb]1 ! subject ( ord] 9 ! desks 0 br\ght up1 & t ! boys resolv$ on mak+ an ef=t to improve ! s*ool 9 ?is respect4 ,!n say1 t ! boys report$ all _! desks :i* !y ?\ght 7 disord]ly1 & t ! numb] 0 #ce2 & t aft] a week or two1 ! desks are to be exam9$ aga91 & ! disord]ly ones c\nt$1 t we may see h[ mu* we h improv$4 ,aft] y h writt5 x1 y may br+ x to me1 & ,i w3 tell y :e!r x is "r4 ,h[ _m desks d y ?9k w be f\nd to be disord]ly1 :5 we come to make ! exam9ation8 ,! boys hesitate4 ,! tea*] names successively sev]al numb]s1 & asks1 :e!r !y ?9k ! real numb] w be great] or less4 ,he notices _! votes ^u !m1 & at la/ fixes ^u "o1 :i* seems to be ab\t ! g5]al s5se ( ! s*ool4 ,!n ! tea*]1 himself m5tions ! numb]1 :i* he supposes w be f\nd to be disord]ly4 ,8 e/imate w ord9>ily be l>g] ?an t ( ! s*ol>s2 because he kn[s bett] h[ easily resolutions are brok54 ,?is numb] too1 is record$1 & !n ! :ole subject is dismiss$4 ,n[1 ( c\rse1 no read] ( ^! rem>ks1 w und]/& me to be recomm5d+1 by ?is imag9>y dialogue1 7= ! :ole ( x is imag9>y17 a p>ticul> c\rse to be tak5 9 reg>d to ?is subject1 f> less ! p>ticul> language to be us$4 ,all ,i mean is1 to %[ by a famili> illu/ration1 h[ ! tea*] is to endeavor to enli/ ! int]e/1 & to excite ! curiosity ( 8 pupils1 9 8 plans = ! improvem5t ( 8 s*ool1 by pres5t+ !m z moral exp]im5ts1 :i* !y are to assi/ him 9 try+1--exp]im5ts1 ^: progress !y are to wat*1 & ^: results !y are to pr$ict4 ,if ! precise /eps :i* ,i h describ$1 %\ld actually be tak51 al?\gh x w\ld occupy b a few m9utes1 & w\ld cause no ?\ght1 & no p]plex+ c>e1 yet x w\ld und\bt$ly be ! means ( awak5+ a v g5]al int]e/ 9 ! subject ( ord]1 ?r\gh\t ! s*ool4 ,all w\ld be int]e/$ 9 ! "w ( arrangem5t4 ,all w\ld wat*1 too1 ) int]e/1 ! progress & ! result ( ! exp]im5t2 & if1 a few days aft]1 ! tea*] %\ld accid5tally1 9 recess1 see a disord]ly desk1 a pleasant rem>k1 made ) a smile1 to ! by/&]s1 ,i suspect my pr$iction w turn out ! correct "o1 w\ld h f> m effect1 ?an ! mo/ sev]e reproa*es1 or ! t+l+ ( a rap ov] ! knuckles ) a rattan4 ,i "k1 f exp]i5ce1 t s*ol>s ( e k9d1 c be l$1 by su* measures z ^!1 or r by su* a _s z ?is1 to take an active int]e/1 & to ex]t a mo/ p[]ful influ5ce1 9 reg>d to ! :ole condition ( ! in/itution4 ,i h se5 ! exp]im5t successful 9 boys' s*ools1 & 9 girls' s*ools2 among v little *ildr51 & among ! s5iors & juniors at college4 ,9 "o ( ! colleges ( ,new ,engl&1 a new & beautiful edifice 0 erect$4 ,! lecture rooms 7 fitt$ up 9 h&some /yle1 & ! (fic]s1 :5 ! "t = ! occupation ( ! build+ approa*$1 7 anticipat+ ) regret1 :at seem$ to be ! unavoidable defac+1 & cutt+1 & m>k+ ( ! seats & walls4 ,x 0 h[ev] ?\ght1 t if ! subject 0 prop]ly pres5t$ to ! /ud5ts1 !y w\ld take an int]e/ 9 pres]v+ ! prop]ty f injury4 ,!y 7 accord+ly address$ some:at z foll[s3 ,x seems1 "y g5tlem51 to be g5]ally ! cu/om 9 colleges1 = ! /ud5ts to ornam5t ! walls & b5*es ( _! recitation rooms1 ) v>i\s inscriptions & c>ricatures1 s t aft] ! premises h be5 = a %ort "t 9 ! possession ( a class1 e ?+ )9 rea*1 :i* w take an impression f a p5knife1 or a trace f a p5cil1 is cov]$ ) names1 & dates1 & heads1 & inscriptions ( e k9d4 ,! faculty d n "k :at y wi% 9 ?is respect1 9 reg>d to ! new accommodations :i* ! ,tru/ees h n[ provid$ = y1 & :i* y are soon to ent]4 ,!y h _h !m fitt$ up = y h&somely1 & if y wi% to h !m kept 9 good ord]1 we w assi/ y4 ,if ! /ud5ts ?9k prop] to express by a vote1 or 9 any o!r way1 _! wi% to keep !m 9 good ord]1 we w engage to h su* incid5tal injuries1 z may f "t to "t occur1 imm$iately repair$4 ,su* injuries w1 ( c\rse1 be done2 = :atev] may be ! wi% & g5]al op9ion ( ! :ole1 x is n to be expect$ t e individual1 9 s l>ge a community1 w be c>eful4 ,if1 h[ev]1 z a body1 y wi% to h ! build+ pres]v$ 9 its pres5t /ate1 & w1 z a body1 take ! necess>y precautions1 we w d our "p4 ,! /ud5ts respond$ to ?is appeal mo/ he>tily4 ,!y pass$ a vote1 express+ a desire to pres]ve ! premises 9 ord]1 & = _m ye>s1 & = ought ,i "k1 to ! pres5t h\r1 ! :ole is kept z a room occupi$ by g5tlem5 %\ld be kept4 ,at "s o!r colleges1 & ^?1 too1 su/a9+ ! v highe/ rank among ! in/itutions ( ! c\ntry1 ! doors ( ! public build+s are sometimes /udd$ ) nails1 z ?ick z !y c possibly be driv51 & !n cov]$ ) a ?ick coat ( s&1 dri$ into ! pa9t1 z a protection f ! knives ( ! /ud5ts66 ,! p>ticul> me?ods1 by :i* ! tea*] is to int]e/ 8 pupils 9 8 v>i\s plans = _! improvem5t1 _c be v fully describ$ "h4 ,9 fact1 x does n dep5d s mu* on ! me?ods he adopts1 z ^u ! view :i* he himself takes ( ^! plans1 & ! tone & mann] 9 :i* he speaks ( !m to 8 pupils4 ,a tea*]1 = example1 p]haps on ! fir/ day ( 8 labors 9 a new s*ool1 calls a class to read4 ,!y pret5d to =m a l9e1 b x crooks 9 e direction4 ,"o boy is lean+ back aga9/ a desk2 ano!r comes =w>d z f> z possible1 to get ne> ! fire2 ! re/ l\nge 9 e position & 9 e attitude4 ,john is hold+ up 8 book high be=e 8 face1 to conceal an apple1 f :i* he is endeavor+ to secure an enorm\s bite4 ,james is by ! same sagaci\s device1 conceal+ a :isp]1 :i* he is address+ to 8 next neighbor1 & ,moses is seek+ amusem5t by cr[d+ & elb[+ ! little boy :o is unluckily /&+ next him4 ,:at a spectacle6 says ! ma/] to himself1 z he looks at ?is sad display4 ,:at %all ,i d8 ,! fir/ impulse is1 to break =? ^u !m at once1 ) all ! artill]y ( repro(1 & ?reat5+1 & puni%m5t4 ,i h se51 9 su* a case1 a scold+ & fr[n+ ma/] walk up & d[n be=e su* a class1 ) a /]n & angry air1 comm&+ ?is "o to /& back1 & t to come =w>d1 ord]+ "o boy to put d[n 8 book1 & scold+ at a second = hav+ lo/ 8 place1 & knock+ ! knees ( ano!r ) 8 rule1 because he 0 out ( ! l9e4 ,! boys sc[l at _! tea*]1 &1 ) ill-natur$ reluctance1 !y obey1 j en\gh to escape puni%m5t4 ,ano!r tea*] looks calmly at ! sc5e1 & says to himself1 ,:at %all ,i d to remove effectually ^! evils8 ,if ,i c b int]e/ ! boys 9 re=m1 x w be f> m easy to effect x1 ?an if ,i attempt to accompli% x by ! m]e ex]cise ( my au?ority4 ,9 ! meantime1 ?+s g on1 dur+ ! read+1 9 _! own way4 ,! tea*] simply obs]ves4 ,he is 9 no ha/e to comm5ce 8 op]ations4 ,he looks = ! faults2 wat*es1 )\t seem+ to wat*1 ! movem5ts :i* he is attempt+ to control4 ,he /udies ! mat]ials ) :i* he is to "w1 & lets _! true "* develope itself4 ,he tries to f9d some?+ to approve 9 ! ex]cise1 z x proce$s1 & endeavors to int]e/ ! class1 by n>rat+ "s fact1 connect$ ) ! read+1 or mak+ "s explanation :i* int]e/s ! boys4 ,at ! end ( ! ex]cise1 he addresses !m1 p]haps1 z foll[s3 ,i h obs]v$1 boys1 9 "s milit>y companies1 t ! (fic]s are v /rict1 requir+ implicit & precise ob$i5ce4 ,! m5 are requir$ to =m a precise l9e4 7,"h !re is a sort ( involunt>y movem5t all along ! l9e1 by :i*1 x is v s5sibly /raight5$47 ,!y make all ! m5 /& erect1 7,at ?is ^w1 heads g up1 & /raggl+ feet draw 91 all along ! class17 9 ! true milit>y po/ure4 ,!y all[ no?+ to be done 9 ! ranks1 b to att5d to ! ex]cise1 7,john ha/ily cr[ds 8 apple into 8 pocket17 & ?us !y regulate e ?+1 9 exact & /eady discipl9e1 s t all ?+s g on 9 a mo/ sy/ematic & sci5tific mann]4 ,?is discipl9e is s admirable 9 "s c\ntries1 especially 9 ,europe1 :]e mu* great] att5tion is paid to milit>y tactics ?an 9 our c\ntry1 t ,i h he>d x said by travell]s1 t "s ( ! soldi]s :o m\nt gu>d at public places1 look z mu* l /atues1 z !y d l liv+ m54 ,o!r comm&]s act diff]5tly4 ,!y let ! m5 d pretty mu* z !y please4 ,s y w see su* a company l\ng+ into a l9e1 :5 ! drum beats1 z if !y took little int]e/ 9 :at 0 go+ on4 ,:ile ! capta9 is giv+ 8 comm&s1 "o is eat+ 8 lun*eon2 ano!r is talk+ ) 8 next neighbor4 ,"p are out ( ! l9e2 "p l\nge on "o foot2 !y hold _! guns 9 e position2 & on ! :ole1 pres5t a v disord]ly & unsoldi]-l appe>ance4 ,i h obs]v$1 too1 t boys v g5]ally pref] to see ! /rict companies1 b p]haps !y w\ld pref] to belong to ! lax ones4 ,no sir2 ,no sir2 say ! boys4 ,suppose y all _h y\r *oice ei!r to belong to a company l ! fir/ "o ,i describ$1 :]e ! capta9 0 /rict 9 all 8 requirem5ts1 or to "o l ! latt]1 :]e y c\ld d pretty mu* z y pleas$1 :i* %\ld y pref]8 ,unless ,i entirely mi/ak5 9 my idea ( ! incl9ations ( boys1 x w\ld be v difficult to get a s+le hone/ expression ( pref]5ce = ! latt]4 ,!y w\ld say ) "o voice1 ,! fir/4 ,i suppose x w\ld be s4 ,y w\ld be put to "s inconv5i5ce by ! /rict comm&s ( ! capta91 b !n y w\ld be m ?an paid by ! beauty ( regul>ity & ord]1 :i* y w\ld all witness4 ,!re is no?+ s pleasant z regul>ity1 & nobody likes regul>ity m ?an boys d4 ,to %[ ?is1 ,i %\ld l to h y n[ =m a l9e z exact z y c4 ,aft] "s unnecess>y %ov+ & pu%+1 increas$ by ! disord]ly conduct ( a few bad boys1 a l9e is =m$4 ,mo/ ( ! class are pleas$ ) ! exp]im5t1 & ! tea*] takes no notice ( ! few exceptions4 ,! "t to att5d to !m1 w come by & by4 ,h&s d[n4 ,! boys obey4 ,%\ld]s back4 ,!re2--!re is a v p]fect l9e4 ,d y /& easily 9 t position8 ,yes sir4 ,i believe y\r position is ! milit>y "o1 n[1 pretty ne>ly2 & milit>y m5 /udy ! po/ures ( ! human body1 = ! sake ( f9d+ ! "o mo/ easy2 = !y wi% to pres]ve z mu* z possible ( ! soldi]s' /r5g?1 = ! "t ( battle4 ,i %\ld l to try ! exp]im5t ( y\r /&+ ?us1 at ! next lesson4 ,x is a v great improvem5t ^u y\r common mode4 ,are y will+ to d x8 ,yes sir2 say ! boys4 ,y w get tir$1 ,i h no d\bt4 ,9 fact1 ,i d n expect y w succe$1 ! fir/ day1 v well4 ,y w probably become re/less & uneasy1 be=e ! end ( ! lesson1 especially ! small] boys4 ,i mu/ excuse x1 ,i suppose1 if y d1 z x w be ! fir/ "t4 ,by su* me?ods z ^!1 ! tea*] w c]ta9ly secure a majority 9 favor ( all 8 plans4 ,b p]haps "s exp]i5c$ tea*]1 :o kn[s f 8 own repeat$ difficulties ) bad boys1 :at sort ( spirits ! tea*] ( di/rict s*ools has sometimes to deal )1 may ask1 z he reads ?is1 ,d y expect t su* a me?od z ?is1 w succe$ 9 keep+ y\r s*ool 9 ord]8 ,:y1 !re are boys 9 almo/ e s*ool1 :om y w\ld no m coax into ob$i5ce & ord] 9 ?is way1 ?an y w\ld p]suade ! nor!a/ w9d to *ange its c\rse by reason+4 ,i "k !re are4 ,& my read]s are reque/$ to be> 9 m9d1 t my object is n n[ to %[1 h[ ! :ole gov]nm5t ( ! s*ool may be secur$1 b h[ "o important advantage may be ga9$1 :i* w assi/ 9 accompli%+ ! object4 ,all ,i %\ld expect or hope =1 by su* measures z ^!1 is to int]e/ & ga9 ov] to our side1 ! majority4 ,:at is to be done ) ^? :o _c be rea*$ by su* k9ds ( influ5ce1 ,i %all endeavor pres5tly to %[4 ,! object n[ is1 simply to ga9 ! majority1--to awak5 a g5]al int]e/1 :i* y c make effectual 9 promot+ y\r plans1 & ?us to n>r[ ! field ( discipl9e1 by gett+ ^? "r1 :o c be got "r by su* measures4 ,?us secur+ a majority to be on y\r side 9 ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! s*ool1 is absolutely indisp5sable to success4 ,a tea*] may1 by ! =ce ( m]e au?ority1 s control 8 pupils1 z to pres]ve ord] 9 ! s*ool-room1 & secure a tol]able progress 9 /udy1 b ! he>t w n be 9 x4 ,! progress 9 k mu/ accord+ly be1 9 ord9>y cases1 sl[1 & ! cultivation ( moral pr9ciple mu/ be1 9 su* a case1 entirely neglect$4 ,! pr9ciples ( duty _c be inculcat$ by fe>2 & ?\gh pa9 & t]ror mu/1 9 _m in/ances1 be call$ 9 to co]ce an individual (f5d]1 :om mild] measures w n rea*1 yet ^! ag5ts1 & o!rs l !m1 c nev] be successfully employ$1 z ! ord9>y motives to action4 ,!y _c produce any ?+ b m]e ext]nal & he>tless ob$i5ce 9 ! pres5ce ( ! tea*]1 ) an incl9ation to ?r[ (f all re/ra9t1 :5 ! pressure ( /]n au?ority is remov$4 ,we %\ld all rememb] t our pupils are1 b a v %ort "t1 "u our direct control4 ,ev5 :5 !y are 9 s*ool1 ! mo/ untir+ vigilance w n enable u to wat*1 except = a v small portion ( ! "t1 any individual4 ,_m h\rs ( ! day1 too1 !y are entirely remov$ f our inspection1 & a few mon?s w take !m away f u altoge!r4 ,subject+ !m !n to m]e ext]nal re/ra9t1 is a v inadequate rem$y = ! moral evil1 to :i* !y are expos$4 ,:at we aim at1 is to br+ =w>d & /r5g!n an int]nal pr9ciple1 :i* w act1 :5 bo? p>5t & tea*] are away1 & control :]e ext]nal circum/ances are all unfavorable4 ,i h ?us f> "u ?is head1 be5 endeavor+ to %[ ! importance ( secur+1 by g5tle measures1 a majority ( ! s*ol>s1 to co-op]ate ) ! tea*] 9 8 plans4 ,! me?ods ( do+ ?is1 dem& a little att5tion4 7#a47 ,! tea*] %\ld /udy human nature z x exhibits itself 9 ! s*ool-room1 by tak+ an int]e/ 9 ! sports & enjoym5ts ( ! pupils1 & connect+1 z mu* z possible1 :at is int]e/+ & agreeable1 ) ! pursuits ( ! s*ool1 s z to lead ! s*ol>s to l ! place4 ,an atta*m5t to ! in/itution & to ! duties ( x1 w give ! tea*] a v /rong hold ^u ! community ( m9d :i* exi/s !re4 7#b47 ,e ?+ :i* is unpleasant 9 ! discipl9e ( ! s*ool %\ld be att5d$ to1 z f> z possible1 privately4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to br+ a case =w>d 9 public1 = repro( or puni%m5t1 b ?is is seldom4 ,9 "s s*ools1 x is ! cu/om to po/pone cases ( discipl9e1 till ! close ( ! day1 & !n1 j be=e ! boys are dismiss$ at night1 all ! difficulties are settl$4 ,?us1 day aft] day1 ! impression :i* is la/ made ^u _! m9ds1 is receiv$ f a season ( suff]+1 & t]ror1 & te>s4 ,n[ su* a practice may be att5d$ ) _m advantages1 b x seems to be1 on ! :ole1 unwise4 ,aw+ ! pupils1 by %[+ !m ! consequ5ces ( do+ wrong1 %\ld be v seldom resort$ to4 ,x is f> bett] to allure !m1 by %[+ !m ! pleasures ( do+ "r4 ,do+ "r is pleasant to e body1 & no p]sons are s easily conv9c$ ( ?is1 or r s easily l$ to see x1 z *ildr54 ,n[ ! true policy is1 to let !m exp]i5ce ! pleasure ( do+ _! duty1 & !y w easily be allur$ to x4 ,9 _m cases1 :]e a fault has be5 publicly committ$1 x seems1 at fir/ view1 to be necess>y t x %\ld be publicly puni%$2 b ! end w1 9 mo/ cases1 be answ]$1 if x is notic$ publicly1 s t ! pupils may "k t x receiv$ att5tion1 & !n ! ultimate disposal ( ! case1 may be made a private affair1 betwe5 ! tea*] & ! individual conc]n$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 e case ( disob$i5ce1 or idl5ess1 or disord]1 is br\ght out publicly be=e ! s*ool1 s t all witness ! tea*]'s displeasure1 & feel ! effects ( x1 7= to witness x1 is to feel its mo/ unpleasant effects17 ! s*ool becomes1 9 a %ort "t1 h>d5$ to su* sc5es4 ,unpleasant associations become connect$ ) ! managem5t ( ! s*ool1 & ! s*ol>s are prep>$ to d wrong ) less reluctance1 s9ce ! consequ5ce is only a repetition ( :at !y are oblig$ to see e day4 ,besides1 if a boy does some?+ wrong1 & y sev]ely reprove him 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 class1 y puni% ! class1 almo/ z mu* z y d him4 ,9 fact1 9 _m cases1 y puni% !m m2 = ,i believe x is almo/ inv>iably m unpleasant = a good boy to /& by & li/5 to rebukes1 ?an = a bad boy to take !m4 ,keep ^! ?+s1 !re=e1 z mu* z possible1 out ( sight4 ,nev] br+ =w>d cases ( discipl9e1 except on mature delib]ation1 & = a di/9ct & well-def9$ purpose4 7#c47 ,nev] br+ =w>d a case ( discipl9e ( ?is k9d1 unless y are sure t public op9ion w g 9 y\r favor4 ,if a case comes up1 9 :i* ! sympa?y ( ! s*ol>s is excit$ = ! crim9al1 9 su* a way z to be aga9/ y\rself1 x w always d m h>m ?an good4 ,n[ ?is1 unless !re is great caution1 w (t5 be ! case4 ,9 fact1 x is probable t a v l>ge proportion ( ! puni%m5ts :i* are ord9>ily inflict$ 9 s*ools1 only prep>e ! way = m (f5ces4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 possible to br+ =w>d individual cases 9 su* a way1 z to produce a v /rong moral effect1 ( ! "r k9d4 ,?is is to be done by seiz+ ^u ^? peculi> em]g5cies1 :i* w arise 9 ! c\rse ( ! adm9i/ration ( a s*ool1 & :i* ea* tea*] mu/ wat* =1 & discov] himself4 ,!y _c be po9t$ out4 ,i may1 h[ev]1 give a cle>] idea ( :at is meant1 by su* em]g5cies1 by an example4 ,x is a case :i* actually occurr$1 z "h n>rat$4 ,9 a s*ool :]e ne>ly all ! pupils 7 fai?ful & docile1 !re 7 "o or two boys1 :o 7 det]m9$ to f9d amusem5t 9 ^? mis*iev\s tricks1 s common 9 s*ools & colleges4 ,!re 0 "o boy 9 p>ticul>1 :o 0 ! life & s\l ( all ^! plans4 ,devoid ( pr9ciple1 idle z a s*ol>1 morose & sull5 9 8 mann]s1 he 01 9 e respect1 a true specim5 ( ! :ole class ( mis*ief-mak]s1 :]ev] !y are to be f\nd4 ,8 mis*ief consi/$1 z usual1 9 su* exploits z /opp+ up ! keyhole1 upsett+ ! tea*]'s ink/&1 or fix+ some?+ to 8 desk to make a noise1 & int]rupt ! s*ool4 ,x s happ5$1 t !re 0 a /&+ feud betwe5 ! boys ( 8 neighborhood1 & ^? ( ano!r1 situat$ a mile or two f x4 ,by 8 malici\s activity1 he _h /imulat$ ?is qu>rel to a high pit*1 & 0 v obnoxi\s to ! boys ( ! o!r p>ty4 ,"o day1 :5 tak+ a walk1 ! tea*] obs]v$ a numb] ( boys ) excit$ looks1 & arm$ ) /icks & /ones1 /&+ ar\nd a %oe-mak]'s %op1 to :i* 8 poor pupil _h gone = refuge f !m4 ,!y _h got him completely )9 _! p[]1 & 7 go+ to wait until he %\ld be we>i$ ) 8 conf9em5t1 & come out1 :5 !y 7 go+ to inflict ^u him ! puni%m5t !y ?\ght he des]v$4 ,! tea*] int]f]$1 & by ! unit$ influ5ce ( au?ority1 managem5t1 & p]suasion1 succe$$ 9 effect+ a rescue4 ,! boy w\ld probably h pref]r$ to owe 8 safety to any "o else1 ?an to ! tea*]1 :om he _h s (t5 tri$ to tease2 b he 0 glad to escape 9 any way4 ,! tea*] said no?+ ab\t ! subject1 & ! boy soon suppos$ x 0 entirely =gott54 ,b x 0 n =gott54 ,! tea*] knew p]fectly well t ! boy w\ld1 be=e long1 be at 8 old tricks aga91 & 0 res]v+ ?is /ory z ! means ( turn+ ! :ole curr5t ( public op9ion aga9/ su* tricks %\ld !y aga9 occur4 ,"o day he came to s*ool1 9 ! aft]noon1 & f\nd ! room fill$ ) smoke2 ! doors & w9d[s 7 all clos$1 ?\gh1 z soon z he came 91 "s ( ! boys op5$ !m4 ,he knew by ?is circum/ance1 t x 0 rogu]y1 n accid5t1 :i* caus$ ! smoke4 ,he appe>$ n to notice x1 h[ev]1 said he 0 sorry x smok$1 & ask$ ! mis*iev\s boy1 = he 0 sure to be always ne> 9 su* a case1 to help him fix ! fire4 ,! boy suppos$ x 0 und]/ood to be accid5tal1 & p]haps secretly laugh$ at ! dulness ( 8 ma/]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! aft]noon1 ! tea*] asc]ta9$1 by private inquiries1 t 8 suspicions 7 correct1 z to ! au?or ( ! mis*ief4 ,at ! close ( s*ool1 :5 ! /udies 7 end$1 & ! books laid away1 he told ! s*ol>s t he want$ to tell !m a /ory4 ,he !n1 ) a pleasant tone & mann]1 gave a v m9ute1 &1 to ! boys1 a v int]e/+ n>rative ( 8 adv5ture1 two or ?ree weeks be=e1 :5 he rescu$ ?is boy f 8 dang]4 ,he call$ him1 h[ev]1 simply a boy1 )\t m5tion+ 8 "n1 or ev5 h9t+ t he 0 a memb] ( ! s*ool4 ,no n>rative c\ld excite a /rong] int]e/ among an audi5ce ( s*ool-boys1 ?an su* an "o z ?is2 & no act ( k9dness f a tea*]1 w\ld make z vivid an impression1 z int]f]+ to rescue a trembl+ captive1 f su* a situation z ! "o ?is boy _h be5 94 ,! s*ol>s li/5$ ) pr(\nd int]e/ & att5tion1 & ?\gh ! tea*] said little ab\t 8 %>e 9 ! affair1 & spoke ( :at he did1 z if x 7 a matt] ( c\rse1 t he %\ld ?us befri5d a boy 9 di/ress1 an impression1 v favorable to himself1 mu/ h be5 made4 ,aft] he _h f9i%$ 8 n>rative1 he said1 ,n[ %\ld y l to "k :o ?is boy 08 ,yes sir2 ,yes sir2 said !y1 eag]ly4 ,x 0 a boy t y all "k4 ,! boys look$ ar\nd ^u "o ano!r4 ,:o c\ld x be8 ,he is a memb] ( ?is s*ool4 ,!re 0 an expression ( fix$1 & eag]1 & increas+ int]e/1 on e face 9 ! room4 ,he is "h n[1 said ! tea*]1 w9d+ up ! int]e/ & curiosity ( ! s*ol>s1 by ^! words1 to ! highe/ pit*4 ,b ,i _c tell y 8 "n2 = :at return d y ?9k he made to me8 ,to be sure x 0 no v great favor t ,i did him2 ,i %\ld h be5 unwor?y ! "n ( tea*]1 if ,i _h n done x = him1 or = any boy 9 my s*ool4 ,b at any rate1 x %[$ my good wi%es = him1--x %[$ t ,i 0 8 fri5d1 & :at return d y ?9k he made me = x8 ,:y1 to-day he sp5t 8 "t betwe5 s*ools 9 fill+ ! room ) smoke1 t he might torm5t 8 companions "h1 & give me tr\ble1 & anxiety & suff]+1 :5 ,i %\ld come4 ,if ,i %\ld tell y 8 "n1 ! :ole s*ool w\ld turn aga9/ him = 8 +ratitude4 ,! bus9ess end$ "h1 & x put a /op1 a f9al /op to all malici\s tricks 9 ! s*ool4 ,n[ x is n v (t5 t s f9e an opportunity occurs1 to kill1 by a s+le bl[1 ! disposition to d wilful1 wanton injury1 z ?is circum/ance af=d$2 b ! pr9ciple illu/rat$ by x1--br++ =w>d individual cases ( transgression1 9 a public mann]1 only = ! sake ( ! g5]al effect1 & s arrang+ :at is said & done z to produce ! desir$ effect ^u ! public m9d1 9 ! highe/ degree1 may v frequ5tly be act$ ^u4 ,cases are cont9ually occurr+1 & if ! tea*] w keep x con/antly 9 m9d1 t :5 a p>ticul> case comes be=e ! :ole s*ool1 ! object is an influ5ce ^u ! :ole1 & n ! puni%m5t or re=m ( ! guilty individual1 he w ins5sibly s %ape 8 measures1 z to produce ! desir$ result4 7#d47 ,!re %\ld be a great diff]5ce made betwe5 ! measures y take to prev5t wrong1 & ! feel+s ( displeasure aga9/ wrong1 :5 x is done4 ,! =m] %\ld be /rict1 au?oritative1 unb5d+2 ! latt] %\ld be mild & g5tle4 ,y\r measures1 if uni=m & sy/ematic w nev] give (f5ce1 h[ev] p[]fully y may re/ra9 & control4 ,x is ! morose look1 ! h>% expression1 ! tone ( irritation & fretfulness :i* is s unpopul> 9 s*ool4 ,! s9s ( *ildhood are by n9e t5?s ( mank9d enorm\sly ov]rat$1 & p]haps none ov]rate !m1 m extravagantly1 ?an tea*]s4 ,we conf\nd ! tr\ble !y give u1 ) _! real moral turpitude1 & measure ! "o by ! o!r4 ,n[ if a fault prevails 9 s*ool1 "o tea*] w scold & fret himself ab\t x1 day aft] day1 until 8 s*ol>s are tir$ bo? ( s*ool & ( him3 & yet he w d no?+ effectual to remove x4 ,ano!r w take effici5t & decid$ measures1 & yet say v little on ! subject1 & ! :ole evil w be remov$1 )\t susp5d+ = a mom5t1 ! good humor1 & pleasant feel+1 :i* %\ld prevail 9 s*ool4 ,! expression ( y\r displeasure on acc\nt ( any ?+ t is wrong1 w seldom or nev] d any good4 ,! s*ol>s consid] x scold+2 x is scold+1 & ?\gh x may1 9 _m cases1 conta9 _m s\nd argum5ts & eloqu5t expo/ulations1 x op]ates simply z a puni%m5t4 ,x is unpleasant to he> x4 ,g5]al in/ruction mu/ inde$ be giv51 b n g5]al repro(4 7#e47 ,feel t1 9 ! managem5t ( ! s*ool1 y are "u obligation z well z ! s*ol>s1 & let ?is feel+ appe> 9 all t y d4 ,y\r s*ol>s wi% y to dismiss s*ool e>li] ?an usual on "s p>ticul> occasion1 or to all[ !m an extra holiday4 ,%[ by ! mann] 9 :i* y consid] & speak ( ! "q1 t y\r ma9 inquiry is :at is y\r duty4 ,speak (t5 ( y\r responsibility to y\r employ]s1 n =mally1 b incid5tally & naturally z y w speak1 if y feel ?is responsibility4 ,x w assi/ v mu* too1 9 secur+ *e]ful1 good-humor$ ob$i5ce to ! regulations ( ! s*ool1 if y ext5d _! au?ority ov] y\rself4 ,n t ! tea*] is to h no lib]ty f :i* ! s*ol>s are deb>r$2 ?is w\ld be impossible4 ,b ! tea*] %\ld submit1 himself1 to e ?+ :i* he requires ( 8 s*ol>s1 unless x is 9 cases :]e a diff]5t c\rse is necess>y4 ,suppose = in/ance1 a /udy c>d1 l ! "o describ$ 9 a prec$+ *apt]1 is made1 s z to m>k ! "t ( recess & ( /udy4 ,! tea*] ne> ! close ( recess1 is sitt+ ) a gr\p ( 8 pupils ar\nd him1 tell+ !m "s /ory4 ,!y are all int]e/$1 & !y see he is int]e/$4 ,he looks at 8 wat*1 & %[s by 8 mann]1 t he is desir\s ( f9i%+ :at he is say+1 b t he kn[s t ! /rik+ ( ! bell w cut %ort 8 /ory4 ,p]haps he says n a ^w ab\t x1 b 8 pupils see t he is submitt+ to ! control :i* is plac$ ov] !m3 & :5 ! c>d goes up1 & he /ops in/antly 9 ! middle ( 8 s5t5ce1 & rises ) ! re/1 ea* "o to g to 8 own place1 to engage at once 9 _! sev]al duties1 he tea*es !m a mo/ important lesson1 & 9 ! mo/ effectual way4 ,su* a lesson ( fidelity & ob$i5ce1 & su* an example ( x1 w h m influ5ce1 ?an a half h\r's scold+ ab\t :isp]+ )\t leave1 or a doz5 public puni%m5ts4 ,at lea/ s ,i f9d x1 = ,i h tri$ bo?4 ,%[ !n cont9ually1 t y see & enjoy ! beauty ( sy/em & /rict discipl9e1 & t y submit to x y\rself1 z well z require x ( o!rs4 7#f47 ,lead y\r pupils to see t !y mu/ %>e ) y1 ! cr$it or ! disgrace1 :i* success or failure may br+4 ,lead !m to feel ?is1 n by tell+ !m s1 = !re are v few ?+s :i* c be impress$ ^u *ildr5 by direct ef=ts to impress !m2 b by s speak+ ( ! subject1 f "t to "t1 z to lead !m to see t y und]/& x s4 ,repeat1 ) judici\s caution1 :at is said ( ! s*ool1 bo? = & aga9/ x1 & ?us endeavor to int]e/ ! s*ol>s 9 its public reputation4 ,?is feel+ ( int]e/ 9 ! in/itution may v easily be awak5$4 ,x sometimes spr+s up1 spontane\sly1 & :]e x is n guid$ aright by ! tea*]1 sometimes produces v bad effects ^u ! m9ds ( ! pupils1 9 rival in/itutions4 ,:5 two s*ools are situat$ ne> ea* o!r1 evil consequ5ces w result f ?is feel+1 unless ! tea*] manages x s z to d$uce good consequ5ces4 ,i recollect1 t1 9 my boyi% days1 !re 0 a /&+ qu>rel betwe5 ! boys ( a t[n s*ool & an academy1 :i* 7 9 ! same village4 ,we 7 all ready1 at any "t1 :5 out ( s*ool1 to fight = ! honor ( our respective in/itutions1 b v few 7 ready to be dilig5t & fai?ful1 :5 9 x1 ?\gh x w\ld seem t t might h be5 r a m effectual means ( e/abli%+ ! po9t4 ,if ! s*ol>s are l$ to und]/& t ! s*ool is to a great ext5t _! in/itution1 t !y mu/ assi/ to su/a9 its "*1 & t !y %>e ! honor if any honor is acquir$1 a feel+ w prevail 9 ! s*ool1 :i* may be turn$ to a mo/ useful acc\nt4 7#g47 ,9 giv+ in/ruction on moral duty1 ! subject %\ld be tak5 up g5]ally1 9 ref]5ce to imag9>y cases1 or cases :i* are unkn[n to mo/ ( ! s*ol>s4 ,if ?is is done1 ! pupils feel t ! object ( br++ up ! subject is to d good2 :]eas1 if que/ions ( moral duty are only br\ght up1 f "t to "t1 :5 "s prevail+ or accid5tal fault 9 s*ool calls = x1 ! feel+ w be t ! tea*] is only endeavor+ to remove f 8 own pa? a s\rce ( inconv5i5ce & tr\ble4 ,! mo/ successful mode ( giv+ g5]al moral in/ruction t ,i h kn[n1 & :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 _m s*ools1 ) occasional v>iations ( =m1 is ! foll[+4 ,:5 ! "t has arriv$ a subject is assign$1 & small pap]s are di/ribut$ to ! :ole s*ool1 t all may write some?+ conc]n+ x4 ,^! are !n read & comm5t$ on by ! tea*]1 & are made ! occasion ( any rem>ks1 :i* he may wi% to make4 ,! int]e/ is /rongly excit$ to he> ! pap]s read1 & ! in/ruction :i* ! tea*] may give1 produces a deep] effect1 :5 engraft$ ?us1 ^u some?+ :i* orig9ates 9 ! m9ds ( ! pupils4 ,to take a p>ticul> case2 a tea*] address$ 8 s*ol>s ?us4 ,! subject = ! moral ex]cise to day1 is ,prejudice4 ,ea* "o may take "o ( ! pap]s :i* h be5 di/ribut$1 & y may write ^u !m any ?+ y please relat+ to ! subject4 ,z _m z h ?\ght ( any ?+ to write1 may raise _! h&s4 ,"o or two only ( ! old] s*ol>s gave ! signal4 ,i w m5tion ! k9ds ( communications y c make1 & p]haps :at ,i say w sugge/ some?+ to y4 ,z fa/ z y ?9k ( any ?+1 y may raise y\r h&s1 & z soon z ,i see a suffici5t numb] up1 ,i w give directions to beg94 ,y c describe any case 9 :i* y h be5 prejudic$1 y\rselves1 ei!r aga9/ p]sons or ?+s4 ,"h a numb] ( ! h&s w5t up4 ,y c m5tion any facts relat+ to antipa?ies ( any k9d1 or any cases :]e y "k o!r p]sons to be prejudic$4 ,y c ask any que/ions 9 reg>d to ! subject1 que/ions ab\t ! nature ( prejudice1 or ! causes ( x1 or ! rem$y = x4 ,z he said ?is1 _m h&s 7 successively rais$1 & at la/1 directions 7 giv5 = !m to beg9 to write4 ,five m9utes 7 all[$1 & at ! end ( t "t ! pap]s 7 collect$ & read4 ,! foll[+ specim5s1 transcrib$ v]batim f ! orig9als1 ) ! rem>ks made1 z ne>ly z !y c\ld be rememb]$ imm$iately aft] ! ex]cise1 w give an idea ( ! ord9>y op]ation ( ?is plan4 ,i am v mu* prejudic$ aga9/ spid]s1 & e insect 9 ! kn[n _w1 ) sc>cely an exception4 ,!re is a horrid s5sation creat$ by _! ugly =ms1 t makes me wi% !m all to ,j]i*o4 ,! butt]fly's w+s are pretty1 b he is dreadful ugly4 ,!re is no affectation 9 ?is1 = my pride w n p]mit me to %[ ?is prejudice to any great degree1 :5 ,i c help x4 ,i d n fe> ! little wret*es2 b ,i d hate !m4 ,anti-,spid]-,sp>]4 ,?is is n express$ v well1 ! phrases1 to ,j]i*o & dreadful ugly1 are vulg>1 & 9 v bad ta/e4 ,su* a dislike too is m commonly call$ an antipa?y1 ?an a prejudice1 ?\gh p]haps x comes "u ! g5]al head ( prejudices4 ,h[ may we ov]come prejudice8 ,i ?9k t :5 we are prejudic$ aga9/ a p]son1 x is ! h>de/ ?+ 9 ! _w to ov]come x4 ,a prejudice is usually f\nd$ on "s unpleasant association connect$ ) ! subject ( x4 ,! be/ way to ov]come ! prejudice1 !re=e1 is to connect "s pleasant association ) x4 ,= example1 7to take ! case ( ! antipa?y to ! spid]1 allud$ to 9 ! la/ article17 ! reason :y t "y lady dislikes spid]s1 is und\bt$ly because %e has "s unpleasant idea associat$ ) ! ?\ght ( t animal1 p]haps = example1 ! idea ( _! crawl+ ^u h]--:i* is c]ta9ly n a v pleasant "o = any body4 ,n[ ! way to correct su* a prejudice1 is to try to connect "s pleasant ?\ghts ) ! sight ( ! animal4 ,i once f\nd a spid] 9 an empty ap>tm5t1 hang+ 9 its web on ! wall1 ) a l>ge ball ( eggs :i* x _h susp5d$ by its side4 ,my companion & myself cauti\sly br\ght up a tumbl] "u ! web1 & press$ x sudd5ly aga9/ ! wall1 s z to enclose bo? spid] & eggs )9 x4 ,we !n contriv$ to run 9 a pair ( %e>s1 s z to cut (f ! web1 & let bo? ! animal & its treasure fall d[n into ! tumbl]4 ,we put a book ov] ! top1 & walk$ (f ) our prize1 to a table1 to see :at x w\ld d4 ,at fir/ x tri$ to climb up ! side ( ! tumbl]1 b its feet slipp$1 f ! smoo? glass4 ,we !n incl9$ ! glass1 s z to favor its climb+ & to enable x to rea* ! book at ! top4 ,z soon z x t\*$ ! book1 x 0 safe4 ,x c\ld cl+ to ! book easily1 & we plac$ ! tumbl] aga9 upright1 to wat* its motions4 ,x atta*$ a ?read to ! book & let itself d[n by x to ! bottom ( ! tumbl]1 & walk$ r\nd & r\nd ! ball ( eggs1 app>5tly 9 great tr\ble4 ,pres5tly x asc5d$ by its ?read1 & !n came d[n aga94 ,x atta*$ a new ?read to ! ball1 & !n w5t up1 draw+ ! ball ) x4 ,x hung ! ball at a prop] di/ance f ! book1 & b\nd x firmly 9 its place by ?reads runn+ f x1 9 e direction1 to ! p>ts ( ! book :i* 7 ne>1 & !n ! animal took its place1 quietly by its side4 ,n[ ,i d n say1 t if any body _h a /rong antipa?y to a spid]1 see+ "o p]=m su* a "w z ?is w\ld entirely remove x2 b x w\ld c]ta9ly s(t5 x4 ,x w\ld t5d to remove x4 ,x w\ld connect an int]e/+ & pleasant association1 ) ! object4 ,s if %e %\ld wat* a spid] 9 ! fields mak+ 8 web4 ,y h all se5 ^? beautiful1 regul> webs1 9 ! morn+ dew1 7,yes1 sir1 ,yes sir47 compos$ ( conc5tric circles1 & radii div]g+ 9 e direction4 7,yes sir47 ,well1 wat* a spid] :5 mak+ "o ( ^!1 or obs]ve 8 artful +5uity & vigilance1 :5 he is ly+ 9 wait = a fly4 ,by ?us connect+ pleasant ideas1 ) ! sight ( ! animal1 y w de/roy ! unpleasant association :i* con/itutes ! prejudice4 ,9 ! same mann]1 if ,i wi%$ to create an antipa?y to a spid]1 9 a *ild1 x w\ld be v easily done4 ,i w\ld tie h] h&s beh9d h]1 & put ?ree or f\r ^u h]1 to crawl ov] h] face4 ,?us y mu/ de/roy prejudices 9 all cases1 by connect+ pleasant ?\ghts & associations ) ! objects ( !m4 ,i am v (t5 prejudic$ aga9/ new s*ol>s1 )\t kn[+ :y8 ,we sometimes he> a p]son talk 9 ?is way1 ',i d n l su*1 or su* a p]son1 at all4' ',:y8' ',oh ,i don't "k1 ,i d n l h] at all4 ,i c't be> h]4' ',b :y n4 ,:at is y\r objection to h]4' ',oh ,i don't "k1 ,i h n any p>ticul> reason1 b ,i nev] did l h]4' ,n[ :5ev] y he> any p]son talk s1 y may be sure t h] op9ion1 on any subject1 is wor? no?+ at all4 ,%e =ms op9ions 9 "o case1 )\t gr\nds1 & x dep5ds m]ely ^u accid5t1 :e!r %e does n1 9 o!r cases4 ,:y is x t s _m ( our c\ntrym5 are1 or seem to be prejudic$ aga9/ ! un=tunate *ildr5 ( ,africa8 ,almo/ e l>ge :ite boy1 :o meets a small black boy1 insults him1 9 "s way or o!r4 ,x is s h>d to ov]come prejudices1 t we ought to be c>eful h[ we =m !m4 ,:5 ,i see a new s*ol> ent] ?is s*ool & %e does n happ5 to suit me exactly 9 h] ways & mann]s1 ,i v (t5 get prejudic$ aga9/ h]1 ?\gh sometimes ,i f9d h] a valuable fri5d1 aft] ,i get acqua9t$ ) h]4 ,!re is an inquiry ,i %\ld l v mu* to make1 ?\gh ,i suppose x w\ld n be q "r to make x4 ,i %\ld l to ask all ^? :o h "s p>ticul> fri5d 9 s*ool1 & :o c recollect ! impression :i* ! individual made ^u !m :5 !y fir/ saw h]1 to rise1 & !n ,i %\ld l to inquire 9 h[ _m cases ! fir/ impression 0 favorable1 & 9 h[ _m unfavorable4 ,yes sir4 ,yes sir4 ,d y mean y w\ld l to h ! inquiry made8 ,yes sir4 ,all1 !n1 :o h intimate fri5ds1 & c recollect ! impression :i* !y fir/ made ^u !m1 may rise4 ,ab\t ?irty rose2 m ?an two ?irds ( :om vot$ t ! fir/ impression made by ! p]sons :o _h s9ce become _! p>ticul> fri5ds1 0 unfavorable4 ,?is %[s h[ mu* dep5d5ce y c ju/ly place on fir/ impressions4 ,x 0 ! next ,monday morn+1 aft] ,i _h atta9$ ! wise age ( #d ye>s1 t ,i 0 call$ up into my "m's room1 & told t ,i 0 ! next day go+ to s*ool4 ,i call$ =? all my reason+ p[]s1 & ) all ! ability ( a *ild ( f\r ye>s1 ,i reason$ ) my "m1 b to no purpose4 ,i told h] t ,i hat$ ! s*ool mi/ress !n2 ?\gh ,i _h nev] se5 h]4 ,! v fir/ day ,i tott]$ "u ! weight ( ! mighty foolscap4 ,i only att5d$ h] s*ool two qu>t]s2 ) prejudice ,i w5t1 & ) prejudice ,i came away4 ,! old s*ool-h\se is n[ torn d[n1 & a l>ge brick h\se takes ! place ( x4 ,b ,i nev] pass by )\t rememb]+ my tea*]4 ,i am prejudic$ to aga9/ ! v spot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,is x n "r to all[ prejudice1 to h influ5ce ov] our m9ds z f> z ?is8 ,if any ?+ comes to our k1 ) :i* wrong seems to be connect$1 & "o 9 :om we h always felt confid5ce is engag$ 9 x1 is x n "r to all[ our prejudice 9 favor ( ?is individual to h s mu* influ5ce ov] u1 z to cause u to believe t all is really "r1 ?\gh e circum/ance :i* has come to our k is aga9/ su* a conclusion8 ,i felt ?is influ5ce n _m weeks s9ce1 9 a v great degree4 ,no2 x w\ld n be prejudice 9 su* a case4 ,t is1 a prejudice w\ld n be a suffici5t gr\nd to ju/ify )hold+ blame4 ,well gr\nd$ confid5ce 9 su* a p]son1 if !re 0 reason = x1 ought to leave su* an effect1 b n prejudice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! above may be consid]$ z a fair specim5 ( ! ord9>y op]ation ( su* an ex]cise4 ,x is tak5 z an illu/ration1 n by selection f ! l>ge numb] ( simil> ex]cises :i* ,i h witness$1 b simply because x 0 an ex]cise occurr+ at ! "t :5 a description 0 to be writt54 ,besides ! articles quot$ above1 !re 7 ?irty or =ty o!rs1 :i* 7 read & comm5t$ on4 ,! above w1 h[ev]1 be suffici5t to give ! read] a cle> idea ( ! ex]cise1 & to %[ :at is ! nature ( ! moral effect x is calculat$ to produce4 ,! subjects :i* may be advantage\sly br\ght =w>d 9 su* a way1 are ( c\rse v num]\s4 ,!y are su* z ! foll[+4 ,9 connexion ) ea*1 give ! sugge/ions z to ! k9d ( articles to be writt51 :i* ! pupils may receive at ! "t ! subject is assign$4 #a4 ,,duties ,,to ,,p>5ts4 ,anecdotes ( good or bad conduct at home4 ,que/ions4 ,cases :]e x is mo/ difficult to obey4 ,dialogues betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr54 ,excuses :i* are (t5 made = disob$i5ce4 #b4 ,,selfi%ness4 ,cases ( selfi%ness any ( ! pupils h obs]v$4 ,dialogues !y h he>d exhibit+ x4 ,que/ions ab\t its nature4 ,indications ( selfi%ness4 #c4 ,,faults ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool4 ,any bad practices ! s*ol>s may h obs]v$ 9 reg>d to g5]al deportm5t1 recitations1 habits ( /udy1 or ! s*ol>s' treatm5t ( "o ano!r4 ,ea* s*ol> may write :at is 8 own greate/ tr\ble 9 s*ool1 & :e!r he ?9ks any ?+ c be done to remove x4 ,any ?+ !y ?9k c be improv$ 9 ! managem5t ( ! s*ool by ! ,tea*]4 ,unfavorable ?+s !y h he>d said ab\t x1 out ( s*ool1 ?\gh )\t names4 #d4 ,,excell5ces ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool4 ,good practices1 :i* ought to be p]sev]$ 94 ,any little incid5ts ! s*ol>s may h notic$ illu/rat+ good "*4 ,cases :i* h occurr$ 9 :i* s*ol>s h done "r1 9 temptation1 or :5 o!rs ar\nd 7 do+ wrong4 ,favorable reports 9 reg>d to ! s*ool1 9 ! community ar\nd4 #e4 ,,! ,,sabba?4 ,any ?+ ! s*ol>s may h kn[n to be done on ! ,sabba? :i* !y d\bt :e!r "r or wrong4 ,que/ions 9 reg>d to ! subject4 ,v>i\s op9ions !y h he>d express$4 ,difficulties !y h 9 reg>d to prop] ways ( sp5d+ ! ,sabba?4 7#h47 ,we h "o o!r me?od to describe1 by :i* a favorable moral influ5ce may be ex]t$ 9 s*ool4 ,! me?od c1 h[ev]1 g into full effect1 only :]e !re are sev]al pupils :o h made consid]able advances 9 m5tal cultivation4 ,x is to provide a way1 by :i* tea*]s & pupils may write1 anonym\sly1 = ! s*ool4 ,?is may be done by hav+ a place ( deposit = su* articles z may be writt51 :]e any p]son may leave :at he wi%es to h read1 nom9at+1 by a memor&um1 ^u ! article itself1 ! read]4 ,if a prop] feel+ on ! subject ( good discipl9e1 & ! =mation ( good "*1 prevails 9 s*ool1 _m articles1 :i* w h a great deal ( effect ^u ! pupils1 w f9d _! way ?r\gh su* an av5ue1 once op5$4 ,! tea*] c himself (t5 br+ =w>d1 9 ?is way1 8 sugge/ions1 ) m effect ?an he o!rwise c\ld d4 ,su* a plan is1 9 fact l ! plan ( a newspap] = an ord9>y community1 :]e s5tim5ts & op9ions /& on _! own basis1 & influ5ce ! community j 9 proportion to _! intr9sic m]its1 unassi/$ by ! au?ority ( ! writ]'s "n1 & unimp$$ by any prejudice :i* may exi/ aga9/ him4 ,9 my own s*ool1 ?is practice has _h a v p[]ful effect4 ,i h1 myself1 (t5 ?us anonym\sly address$ my pupils1 & ,i h d]iv$ great assi/ance f communications :i* _m ( ! pupils h writt54 ,sometimes we h _h full discussions ( propos$ measures1 & at o!rs1 criticisms ( ! managem5t ( ! s*ool1 or ( prevail+ faults4 ,sometimes good humor$ satires1 & sometimes simple descriptions4 ',tis true ! practice is n /eadily kept up4 ,(t51 = mon?s toge!r1 !re is n an article (f]$4 ,/ill ! place ( deposit rema9s1 &1 aft] a "t1 "s /rik+ communication is made1 :i* awak5s g5]al att5tion1 & calls out o!r p5s1 until ! fifte5 m9utes1 correspond+ to ! aft]noon ,g5]al ,ex]cise1 9 ! plan provid$ 9 a prec$+ *apt]1 7:i* is all :i* is all[$ to be devot$ to su* purposes17 is n suffici5t to read :at is daily (f]$4 ,( c\rse1 9 su* a plan z ?is1 ! tea*] mu/ h ! usual editorial p[]s1 to comm5t ^u :at is writt51 or to alt] or suppress x at pleasure4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,! foll[+ articles1 :i* 7 really (f]$ = su* a purpose1 w s]ve z specim5s4 ,"o or two 7 writt5 by tea*]s4 ,i d n "k ! au?ors ( ! o!rs4 ,i d n (f] !m z rem>kable compositions3 e tea*] w see t !y are n s4 ,! design ( ins]t+ !m is m]ely to %[ t ! ord9>y lit]>y ability to be f\nd 9 e s*ool1 may be turn$ to useful acc\nt1 by simply op5+ a *annel = x1 & to furni% su* tea*]s z may be incl9$ to try ! exp]im5t1 ! means ( mak+ ! plan cle>ly und]/ood by _! pupils4 ,,m>ks ,,( ,a ,,bad ,,s*ol>4 ,at ! "t :5 %e %\ld be ready to take h] seat at s*ool1 %e comm5ces prep>ation = leav+ home4 ,to ! extreme annoyance ( ^? ab\t h]1 all is n[ hurry & bu/le & ill humor4 ,?or\gh se>* is to be made = e book or pap]1 = :i* %e has occasion2 "s are f\nd 9 "o place1 "s 9 ano!r1 & o!rs are =gott5 altoge!r4 ,be+ f9ally equipp$1 %e ca/s h] eye at ! clock1 hopes to be 9 tol]able good season1 7not)/&+ t ! h\r = op5+ ! s*ool has already arriv$17 & sets out1 9 ! mo/ viol5t hurry4 ,aft] s mu* ha/e1 %e is unfitt$ = att5d+ prop]ly to ! duties ( ! s*ool1 until a consid]able "t aft] h] arrival4 ,if pres5t at ! devotional ex]cises1 %e f9ds x difficult to comm& h] att5tion1 ev5 :5 desir\s ( s do+1 & h] deportm5t at ?is h\r1 is accord+ly m>k$ ) an unbecom+ li/lessness & ab/raction4 ,:5 call$ to recitations1 %e recollects t "s task 0 assign$1 :i* till t mom5t1 %e _h =gott52 ( o!rs %e _h mi/ak5 ! ext5t1 mo/ commonly ?9k+ !m to be %ort] ?an h] companions suppose4 ,9 h] answ]s to que/ions ) :i* %e %\ld be famili>1 %e always manife/s m or less ( hesitation1 & :at %e v5tures to express1 is v commonly 9 ! =m ( a "q4 ,9 ^!1 z 9 all ex]cises1 !re is an inatt5tion to g5]al in/ructions4 ,unless :at is said be address$ p>ticul>ly to h]self1 h] eyes are direct$ t[>ds ano!r "p ( ! room2 x may be h] ?\ghts are employ$ ab\t some?+ n at all connect$ ) ! s*ool4 ,if reprov$ by h] tea*]1 = neglig5ce 9 any respects1 %e is g5]ally provid$ ) an abundance ( excuses1 & h[ev] mild ! repro(1 %e receives x z a piece ( extreme sev]ity4 ,?r\gh\t h] :ole deportm5t1 !re is an air ( indol5ce1 & a want ( int]e/ 9 ^? ex]cises :i* %\ld engage h] att5tion4 ,9 h] seat1 %e mo/ commonly sits 9 "s lazy po/ure2--ei!r ) h] elb[s ^u h] desk1 h] head lean+ ^u h] h&s1 or ) h] seat tipp$ =w>ds or backw>ds4 ,:5 %e has occasion to leave h] seat1 x is 9 a saunt]+1 l+]+ gait2--p]haps "s trick is contriv$ on ! way1 = excit+ ! mir? ( h] companions4 ,ab\t e ?+ 9 :i* x is possible to be s1 %e is untidy4 ,h] books are c>elessly us$1 & plac$ 9 h] desk )\t ord]4 ,if %e has a piece ( wa/e pap] to dispose (1 %e f9ds x mu* m conv5i5t to te> x into small pieces1 & scatt] x ab\t h] desk1 ?an to put x 9 a prop] place4 ,h] h&s & clo!s are usually cov]$ ) ink4 ,h] writt5 ex]cises are blott$1 & full ( mi/akes4 ,,! ,,consequ5ces ,,( ,,be+ ,,beh9dh&4 ,! foll[+ incid5t1 :i* ,i witness$ on a late j\rney1 illu/rates an important pr9ciple1 & ,i w relate x4 ,:5 our /eamboat />t$ f ! :>f1 all our pass5g]s _h n come4 ,aft] we _h proce$$ a few y>ds1 !re appe>$ among ! cr[d on ! :>f1 a man ) 8 trunk "u 8 arm1--out ( brea?1--& ) a mo/ disappo9t$ & disconsolate air4 ,! ,capta9 det]m9$ to /op = him1 b /opp+ an imm5se /eamboat1 mov+ swiftly ?r\gh ! wat]1 is n to be done 9 a mom5t4 ,s we took a gr& sweep1 :eel+ maje/ically ar\nd an ,engli% %ip1 :i* 0 at an*or 9 ! h>bor4 ,z we came t[>ds ! :>f aga91 we saw ! man 9 a small boat1 com+ (f f x4 ,z ! /eamboat swept r\nd1 !y b>ely succe$$ 9 cat*+ a rope f ! /]n1 & !n imm$iately ! /eam eng9e began its "w aga91 & we press$ =w>d1--! little boat foll[+ u s swiftly1 t ! wat] ar\nd h] 0 all 9 a foam4 ,!y pull$ ^u ! rope atta*$ to ! little boat1 until !y drew x alongside4 ,!y !n let d[n a rope ) a hook 9 ! end ( x1 f an iron crane1 :i* project$ ov] ! side ( ! /eamboat1 & hook$ x into a /aple 9 ! front ( ! small boat4 ,hoi/ away2 said ! ,capta94 ,! sailors hoi/$1 & ! front "p ( ! little boat began to rise1 ! /]n /ill pl\gh+ & foam+ ?r\gh ! wat]1 & ! man /ill 9 x1 ) 8 trunk "u 8 arm4 ,!y hoi/$ away1 until ,i began to ?9k t ! poor man w\ld actually tumble out beh9d4 ,he clung to ! seat1 & look$ z ?\gh he 0 say+ to himself1 ,i w take c>e h[ ,i am t>dy ! next "t4 ,h[ev]1 aft] a:ile1 !y hoi/$ up ! /]n ( ! boat1 & he got safely on bo>d4 ,moral4 ,?\gh com+ to s*ool a few m9utes e>li] or lat]1 may n 9 itself be a matt] ( mu* consequ5ce1 yet ! habit ( be+ five m9utes too late1 if once =m$1 w1 9 actual life1 be a s\rce ( great inconv5i5ce1 & sometimes ( la/+ injury4 ,,new ,,s*ol>s4 ,!re is1 at----1 a "y ladies' s*ool1 taught by ,mr4----4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,b ) all ^! excell5ces1 !re is "o fault1 :i* ,i consid]$ a great "o1 & :i* does n comport ) ! g5]al "* ( ! s*ool = k9dness & good feel+4 ,x is ! little ef=t made by ! s*ol>s to become acqua9t$ ) ! new ones :o ent]4 ,:oev] goes !re1 mu/ pu% h]self =w>d1 or %e w nev] feel at home4 ,! "y ladies seem to =get1 t ! new com] mu/ feel r unpleasantly1 9 ! mid/ ( a hundr$ p]sons1 to :om %e is :olly a /rang]1 & ) no "o to speak to4 ,two or ?ree w /& toge!r1 & in/ead ( decid+ ^u "s plan1 by :i* ! individual may be made to feel at ease1 some?+ l ! foll[+ conv]sation takes place4 ,miss ,x4 ,h[ d y l ! looks ( ,miss ,a41 :o ent]$ s*ool to-day8 ,miss ,y4 ,i don't ?9k %e is v pretty1 b %e looks z if %e might be a good s*ol>4 ,miss ,x4 ,%e does n /rike me v pleasantly2 did y ev] see su* a face8 ,& h] complexion is s d>k1 ,i %\ld ?9k %e _h always liv$ 9 ! op5 air2 & :at a que] voice %e has6 ,miss ,y4 ,i wond] if %e has a ta/e = ,ari?metic8 ,miss ,x4 ,%e does n look z if %e _h mu* ta/e = any ?+2 see1 h[ /rangely %e fixes h] hair4 ,miss ,s4 ,:e!r %e has mu* ta/e or n1 "s "o ( u ought to g & get acqua9t$ ) h]4 ,see h[ unpleasantly %e feels4 ,miss ,x4 ,i don't want to get acqua9t$ ) h]1 until ,i "k :e!r ,i %all l h] or n4 ,?us no?+ is done to relieve h]4 ,:5 %e does become acqua9t$1 all h] fir/ /range appe>ance is =gott52 b ?is is sometimes n ! case = sev]al weeks4 ,x dep5ds entirely on ! "* ( ! individual h]self4 ,if %e is =w>d1 & will+ to make ! necess>y ef=t1 %e c f9d _m fri5ds2 b if %e is diffid5t1 %e has mu* to suff]4 ,?is arises pr9cipally f ?\ghtlessness4 ,! "y ladies d n seem to realize t !re is any ?+ = !m to d4 ,!y feel en\gh at home !mselves1 & ! remembrance ( ! "t :5 !y ent]$ s*ool1 does n seem to arise 9 _! m9ds4 ,a ,,satirical ,,_s4 ,i witness$1 a %ort "t s9ce1 a meet+ betwe5 two fri5ds1 :o _h _h b little int]c\rse be=e1 = a long :ile4 ,i ?\ght a "p ( _! conv]sation might be useful1 & ,i %all1 !re=e1 relate x1 z ne>ly z ,i c recollect1 leav+ ea* individual to draw h] own inf]5ces4 ,= "s "t1 ,i sat sil5t b n un9t]e/$1 :ile ! days ( ',auld ,lang ,syne' came up to ! remembrance ( ! two fri5ds4 ,aft] speak+ ( sev]al individuals1 :o 7 among _! =m] acqua9tances1 "o ask$1 ',d y rememb] ,miss ,w48' ',yes1' repli$ ! =m]1 ',i rememb] h] z ! fe>1 t]ror1 & abhorr5ce ( all :o knew h]4' ,i knew ! lady by report1 & ask$ :y %e 0 s reg>d$1 ! reply 01 ',because %e 0 s sev]e1 s satirical 9 h] rem>ks ^u o!rs4 ,%e sp>$ nei!r fri5d or foe4' ,! fri5ds resum$ conv]sation4 ',did y "k1' said ! "o :o _h fir/ spok5 ( ,miss ,w41 't %e sometimes _h seasons ( bitt] rep5tance = indulg+ 9 ?is unhappy prop5sity ( h]s8 ,%e w\ld1 at su* times1 resolve to be m on h] gu>d1 b aft] all h] good resolutions1 %e w\ld yield to ! slighte/ temptations4 ,:5 %e 0 express+1 & app>5tly really feel+ sorr[ = hav+ w\nd$ ! feel+s ( o!rs1 ^? :o knew h]1 w\ld n v5ture to express any sympa?y1 = v likely1 ! next mom5t1 t w\ld be turn$ into ridicule4 ,no confid5ce c\ld be plac$ 9 h]4' ,a few m facts w be /at$ respect+ ! same individual1 :i* ,i believe are /rictly true4 ,miss ,w4 possess$ a f9e & well cultivat$ m9d1 great p5etration1 & a tact at discrim9at+ "*1 r>ely equall$4 ,%e c\ld1 if %e *ose1 imp>t a *>m to h] conv]sation1 t w\ld int]e/1 & ev5 fasc9ate ^? :o li/5$ to x2 /ill %e 0 n belov$4 ,weaknesses & foibles met ) unm]ciful sev]ity2 & well-mean+ int5tions & k9d actions did n always escape )\t ! ke5 s>casm1 :i* x is s difficult = ! be/ regulat$ m9d to be> unmov$4 ,! mild & g5tle seem$ to %r9k f h]1 & ?us %e1 :o might h be5 ! bright & belov$ ornam5t ( ! circle 9 :i* %e mov$1 0 reg>d$ ) di/ru/1 fe>1 & ev5 hatr$4 ,?is dang]\s habit ( mak+ satirical rem>ks 0 ev9c$ 9 *ildhood2 x 0 *]i%$2 'x grew ) h] gr[? & /r5g!n$ ) h] /r5g?1' until %e became :at ,i h describ$4 ,,laura4 ,?\gh su* a satirical _s is ju/ly condemn$1 a little good-humor$ raill]y may sometimes be all[$1 z a mode ( attack+ faults 9 s*ool :i* _c be rea*$ by grav] me?ods4 ,! tea*] mu/ n be surpris$1 if "s ?+s connect$ ) 8 own adm9i/ration1 come 91 sometimes1 = a %>e4 ,,v>iety4 ,i 0 walk+ out1 a few days s9ce1 & n be+ p>ticul>ly 9 ha/e1 ,i conclud$ to visit a c]ta9 s*ool = an h\r or two4 ,9 a few m9utes aft] ,i _h seat$ myself on ! s(a1 ! ',/udy ,c>d1' 0 dropp$1 & ! g5]al noise & confusion1 indicat$ t recess _h arriv$4 ,a l9e ( milit>y *>act]s1 be>+ ! title ( ! ',fre$om's ,b&1' 0 soon call$ out1 head$ by "o ( _! own numb]4 ,! tune *os5 to guide !m 0 ,k5dall's m>*4 ',please to =m a regul> l9e1' said ! lady comm&]4 ',rememb] t !re is to be no speak+ 9 ! ranks4 ,d n beg9 to /ep1 until ,i /rike ! bell4 ,miss ,b41 ,i reque/$ y n to /ep until ,i gave ! signal4' ,pres5tly ! comm& 0 giv51 & ! :ole l9e /epp$1 = a few m9utes1 to all int5ts & purposes4 ,aga9 ! bell s\nd$2--',"s ( y h lo/ ! /ep1' said ! g5]al4 ',look at me1 & beg9 aga94 ,left6 ,"r6 ,left6 ,"r6' ,! l9e 0 once m 9 ord]1 & ,i obs]v$ a new army on ! opposite side ( ! room1 p]=m+ ! same manoeuvres1 always to ! tune ( ',k5dall's ,m>*4' ,aft] a "t1 ! recess clos$1 & ord] 0 aga9 re/or$4 ,9 ab\t half an h\r1 ,i approa*$ a class1 :i* 0 recit+ beh9d ! rail+4 ',miss ,a41' said a tea*]1 'h[ _m k9ds ( magnitude are !re8' ,miss ,a4 7',answ] inaudible4'7 ,sev]al voices4 ',we c't he>4' ,tea*]4 ',w y try to speak a little l\d]1 ,miss ,a48' ,"s ( ! class at l5g? seem$ to guess ! mean+ ( ! "y lady2 b ,i 0 unable to d ev5 t1 until ! answ] 0 repeat$ by ! tea*]4 ,f9d+ t ,i %\ld d]ive little in/ruction f ! recitation2 ,i return$ to ! s(a4 ,9 a %ort "t ! propositions 7 read4 ',propos$ t ! committee be impea*$1 = n provid+ suitable p5s4' ',lo/1 a p5cil1 ) a piece ( ,india-rubb] atta*$ to x1 by a blue rib&1' c4 c4 ,recess 0 aga9 ann\nc$1 & ! l9es comm5c$ _! evolutions to ! tune ( ,k5dall's ,m>*4' ,?\ght ,i1 ',oh6 t !re 7 a new tune "u ! sun6' ,be=e ! close ( s*ool1 "s compositions 7 read4 ,"o 0 entitl$ ',! ,magical ,r+1' & comm5c$1 ',z ,i 0 sitt+ alone la/ ev5+1 ,i he>d a g5tle tap on ! door1 & imm$iately a beautiful fairy appe>$ be=e me4 ,%e plac$ a r+ on my f+]1 & left me4' ,! next began1 ',x is my week to write composition1 b ,i d n "k :at to say4 ,h[ev]1 ,i mu/ write some?+1 s x %all be a dialogue4' ,ano!r 0 entitl$ ! ,magical ,%oe1' & conta9$ a m>vell\s n>ration ( adv5tures made 9 a pair ( %oes1 m valuable ?an ! f>fam$ 'sev5 league boots4' ,a f\r? began1 ',are y acqua9t$ ) t new s*ol>8' ',no2 b ,i don't believe ,i %all l h]4' ,& soon ! ',magical ,?imble1' ! ',magical ,eye-glass1' c41 7 read1 9 succession1 until ,i c\ld n b exclaim1 ',h[ pleas+ is v>iety6' ,s*ool 0 at l5g? clos$1 & ! "y ladies aga9 attack$ ! piano4 ',oh6' repeat$ ,i1 to myself1 'h[ pleas+ is v>iety6' z ,i left ! room1 to ! tune ,( ,k5dall's ,m>*4 ,by means l ^!1 x w n be difficult = any tea*] to obta91 s f> an asc5dancy ov] ! m9ds ( 8 pupils1 z to secure an ov]:elm+ majority 9 favor ( good ord]1 & co-op]ation ) him 9 8 plans = elevat+ ! "* ( ! s*ool4 ,b let x be di/9ctly und]/ood1 t ?is1 & ?is only1 has be5 ! object ( ?is *apt]1 ?us f>3 ,! fir/ po9t br\ght up1 0 ! desirabl5ess ( mak+1 at fir/1 a fav\rable impression1--! second1 ! necessity ( tak+ g5]al views ( ! condition ( ! s*ool1 & aim+ to improve x 9 ! mass1 & n m]ely to rebuke or puni% accid5tal faults1--& ! ?ird1 ! importance & ! means ( ga9+ a g5]al influ5ce & asc5d5cy ov] ! m9ds ( ! pupils4 ,b1 ?\gh an ov]:elm+ majority c be rea*$ by su* me?ods z ^!1 all _c4 ,we mu/ h ! majority secur$1 h[ev]1 9 ord] to enable u to rea* & to r$uce ! o!rs4 ,b to ?is "w we mu/ come at la/4 #d4 ,i am !re=e n[ to consid] "u a f\r? g5]al head1 :at c\rse is to be tak5 ) individual (f5d]s1 :om ! g5]al influ5ces ( ! s*ool-room w n control4 7#a47 ,! fir/ po9t to be att5d$ to1 is to asc]ta9 :o !y are4 ,n by appe>+ suspici\sly to wat* any individuals1 = ?is w\ld be almo/ suffici5t to make !m bad1 if !y 7 n s be=e4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]2 notice1 f day to day1 ! conduct ( individuals1 n = ! purpose ( reprov+ or puni%+ _! faults1 b to enable y to und]/& _! *>act]s4 ,?is "w w (t5 require great adroitness1 & v close scrut9y2 & y w f9d1 z ! results ,( x1 a consid]able v>iety ( "*1 :i* ! g5]al influ5ces above describ$1 w n be suffici5t to control4 ,! numb] ( individuals w n he great1 b ! div]sity ( "* compris$ 9 x1 w be su*1 z to call into ex]cise all y\r p[]s ( vigilance & discrim9ation4 ,on "o seat1 y w f9d a co>se1 r\gh look+ boy1 :o w op5ly disobey y\r comm&s & oppose y\r wi%es2 on ano!r1 a m sly rogue1 ^: demure & submissive look is assum$1 to conceal a mis*ief-mak+ disposition4 ,"h is "o1 ^: giddy _s is always lead+ him into difficulty1 b :o is ( s op5 & frank a disposition1 t y w mo/ easily lead him back to duty2 b !re is ano!r1 :o1 :5 reprov$1 w fly into a passion2 & !re1 a ?ird1 :o w /& sull5 & sil5t be=e y1 :5 he has done wrong1 & is nei!r to be t\*$ by k9dness1 nor aw$ by au?ority4 ,n[ all ^! *>act]s mu/ be /udi$4 ,x is true t ! caution giv5 9 a prec$+ "p ( ?is *apt]1 aga9/ devot+ undue & disproportionate att5tion to su* p]sons mu/ n be =gott54 ,/ill1 ^! individuals w require1 & x is "r t !y %\ld receive1 a f> great] degree ( att5tion1 s f> z ! moral adm9i/ration ( ! s*ool is conc]n$1 ?an _! m]e numb]s w\ld appe> to ju/ify4 ,?is is ! field 9 :i* ! tea*] is to /udy human nature2 = "h x %[s itself )\t disguise4 ,x is ?r\gh ?is class1 too1 t a v p[]ful moral influ5ce is to be ex]t$ ^u ! re/ ( ! s*ool4 ,! mann] 9 :i* su* individuals are manag$2 ! tone ! tea*] assumes t[>ds !m2 ! g5tl5ess ) :i* he speaks ( _! faults1 & ! unb5d+ decision ) :i* he re/ra9s !m f wrong1 w h a mo/ p[]ful effect ^u ! re/ ( ! s*ool4 ,t he may occupy ?is field1 !re=e1 to ! be/ advantage1 x is necess>y t he %\ld fir/ ?or\ghly explore x4 ,by und]/&+ ! dispositions & *>act]s ( su* a class ( pupils z ,i h describ$1 ,i d n mean m]ely wat*+ !m1 ) vigilance1 9 s*ool1 s t none ( _! transgressions %all g unobs]v$ & unpuni%$4 ,i int5d a f> deep] & m ?or\gh exam9ation ( "*4 ,e boy has some?+ or o!r :i* is good 9 8 disposition & "*1 :i* he is aw>e (1 & on :i* he prides himself2 f9d out :at x is1 = x may (t5 be made ! f\ndation1 on :i* y may build ! sup]/ructure ( re=m4 ,e "o has 8 peculi> s\rces ( enjoym5t1--& objects ( pursuit1 :i* are be=e 8 m9d f day to day2 f9d out :at !y are1 t by tak+ an int]e/ 9 :at int]e/s him1 & p]haps sometimes assi/+ him 9 8 plans1 y c b9d him to y4 ,e boy is1 f ! circum/ances 9 :i* he is plac$ at home1 expos$ to temptations1 :i* h p]haps1 _h a f> great] influ5ce 9 ! =mation ( 8 "*1 ?an any delib]ate & int5tional depravity ( 8 own2 asc]ta9 :at ^! temptations are1 t y may "k :]e to pity him1 & :]e to blame4 ,! k :i* su* an exam9ation ( "* w give y1 w n be conf9$ to mak+ y acqua9t$ ) ! individual4 ,x w be ! mo/ valuable k :i* a man c possess1 bo? to assi/ him 9 ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! s*ool1 & 9 8 int]c\rse among mank9d 9 ! bus9ess ( life4 ,m5 are b boys1 only ) some:at l(ti] objects ( pursuit4 ,_! pr9ciples1 motives1 & rul+ passions are ess5tially ! same4 ,ext5d$ comm]cial speculations are1 s f> z ! human he>t is conc]n$1 sub/antially :at trad+ 9 jack-knives & toys is1 at s*ool1 & build+ a sn[ =t1 to its own ar*itects1 ! same z erect+ a monum5t ( m>ble4 7#b47 ,aft] explor+ ! gr\nd1 ! fir/ ?+ to be done1 z a prep>ation = re=m+ individual "*1 9 s*ool1 is1 to secure ! p]sonal atta*m5t ( ! individuals to be re=m$4 ,?is mu/ n be attempt$ by pr(essions & affect$ smiles1 & /ill less by t sort ( obsequi\sness1 common 9 su* cases1 :i* produces no effect b to make ! bad boy suppose t 8 tea*] is afraid ( him2 :i*1 by ! way1 is1 9 fact1 9 su* cases1 usually true4 ,approa* ! pupil 9 a bold & manly1 b frank & pleasant mann]4 ,approa* him z 8 sup]ior1 b /ill1 z 8 fri5d2 desir\s to make him happy1 n m]ely to obta9 8 good-w4 ,& ! be/ way to secure ^! appe>ances1 is1 j to secure ! reality4 ,actually be ! boy's fri5d4 ,really desire to make him happy2--happy1 too1 9 8 own way1 n 9 y\rs4 ,feel t y are 8 sup]ior1 & t y mu/ & w en=ce ob$i5ce2 b ) ?is feel1 t probably ob$i5ce w be r5d]$1 )\t any conte/4 ,if ^! are really ! feel+s :i* reign )9 y1 ! boy w see x1 & !y w ex]t a /rong influ5ce ov] him1 b y _c c\nt]feit appe>ances4 ,a mo/ effectual way to secure ! good w ( a s*ol>1 is1 to ask him to assi/ y4 ,! ,creator has s =m$ ! human he>t1 t do+ good mu/ be a s\rce ( pleasure1 & he :o ta/es ?is pleasure once1 w almo/ always wi% to ta/e x aga94 ,to d good to any individual1 creates or increases ! desire to d x4 ,!re is a boy 9 y\r s*ool1 :o is fam\s = 8 skill 9 mak+ :i/les f ! gre5 bran*es ( ! popl>4 ,he is a bad boy1 & likes to turn 8 +5uity to purposes ( mis*ief4 ,y obs]ve him "s day 9 s*ool1 :5 he ?9ks y\r att5tion is engag$ 9 ano!r way1 bl[+ s(tly ^u "o1 :i* he has conceal$ 9 8 desk1 = ! purpose ( amus+ 8 neighbors1 )\t attract+ ! att5tion ( ! tea*]4 ,n[ !re are two rem$ies4 ,w y try ! physical "o8 ,!n call him out into ! floor2 inflict pa9ful puni%m5t1 & s5d him sm>t+ to 8 seat1 ) 8 he>t full ( ang] & rev5ge1 to plot "s new & less dang]\s s*eme ( annoyance4 ,w y try ! moral "o8 ,!n wait till ! recess1 & :ile he is out at 8 play1 s5d a message out by ano!r boy1 say+ t y h he>d he is v skilful 9 mak+ :i/les1 & ask+ him to make "o = y to c>ry home to a little *ild at y\r bo>d+-h\se4 ,:at w\ld1 9 ord9>y cases1 be ! effect8 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly be a v simple application2 b its effect w\ld be1 to op5 an entirely new tra9 ( ?\ght & feel+ = ! boy4 ,:at6 he w\ld say to himself1 :ile at "w on 8 task1 give ! ma/] pleasure by mak+ :i/les6 ,:o ev] he>d ( su* a ?+8 ,i nev] ?\ght ( any ?+ b giv+ him tr\ble & pa94--,i wond] :o told him ,i c\ld make :i/les8 ,he w\ld f9d1 too1 t ! new enjoym5t 0 f> high] & pur] ?an ! old1 & w\ld h little disposition to return to ! latt]4 ,i d n mean by ?is illu/ration1 t su* a measure z ?is1 w\ld be ! only notice t ought to be tak5 ( su* an act ( wilful di/urbance 9 s*ool4 ,probably x w\ld n4 ,:at measures 9 direct ref]5ce to ! fault committ$1 w\ld be necess>y1 w\ld dep5d ^u ! circum/ances ( ! case4 ,x is n necess>y to our purpose1 t !y %\ld be describ$ "h4 ,! tea*] c awak5 9 ! he>ts ( 8 pupils1 a p]sonal atta*m5t = him1 by ask+ 9 v>i\s ways1 _! assi/ance 9 s*ool1 & !n appe>+ hone/ly gratifi$ ) ! assi/ance r5d]$4 ,boys & girls are delight$ to h :at p[]s & atta9m5ts !y possess1 br\ght out into action1 especially :]e !y c lead to useful results4 ,!y love to be ( "s consequ5ce 9 ! _w1 & w be especially gratifi$ to be able to assi/ _! tea*]4 ,ev5 if ! /udies ( a turbul5t boy are occasionally int]rupt$ = half an h\r1 t he might help y arrange pap]s1 or rule books1 or cut ! tops ( quills1 or di/ribute ex]cises1 x w be "t well sp5t4 ,get him to co-op]ate ) y 9 any ?+1 & he w feel h[ mu* pleasant] x is to co-op]ate1 ?an to ?w>t & oppose2 & by judici\s measures ( ?is k9d1 almo/ any boy may be br\ght ov] to y\r side4 ,ano!r means ( secur+ ! p]sonal atta*m5t ( boys1 is to notice !m1--to take an int]e/ 9 _! pursuits1 & ! qualities & p[]s :i* !y value 9 "o ano!r4 ,x is a/oni%+ :at an influ5ce is ex]t$ by su* little circum/ances1 z /opp+ at a play gr\nd a mom5t1 to notice ) int]e/1 ?\gh p]haps )\t say+ a ^w1 spe$ ( runn+1--or exactness ( aim1--! =ce ) :i* a ball is /ruck1--or ! dext]ity ) :i* x is caught or ?r[n4 ,! tea*] mu/1 inde$1 9 all 8 int]c\rse ) 8 pupils1 nev] =get 8 /ation1 nor all[ !m to lay aside ! respect1 )\t :i* au?ority _c be ma9ta9$4 ,b he may be1 not)/&+ ?is1 on ! mo/ intimate & famili> foot+ ) !m all4 ,he may take a /rong & op5 int]e/ 9 all _! enjoym5ts1 & ?us awak5 on _! "p1 a p]sonal atta*m5t to himself1 :i* w ex]t ov] !m a con/ant & p[]ful control4 7#c47 ,! ef=ts describ$ "u ! la/ head1 = ga9+ a p]sonal influ5ce ov] ^?1 :o f _! disposition & "* are mo/ 9 dang] ( do+ wrong1 w n be suffici5t entirely to prev5t transgression4 ,cases ( delib]ate1 int5tional wrong w occur1 & ! "q w rise1 :at is ! duty ( ! tea*] 9 su* an em]g5cy8 ,:5 su* cases occur1 ! c\rse to be tak5 is1 fir/ ( all1 to come to a di/9ct und]/&+ on ! subject ) ! guilty individual4 ,?9k ( ! case calmly1 until y h obta9$ j & cle> ideas ( x4 ,endeavor to und]/& precisely 9 :at ! guilt ( x consi/s4 ,notice e palliat+ circum/ance1 & take z favorable a view ( ! ?+ z y c1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 y fix mo/ firmly 9 y\r m9d ! det]m9ation to put a /op to x4 ,!n g to ! individual1 & lay ! subject be=e him1 = ! purpose ( und]/&+ di/9ctly f 8 own lips1 :at he int5ds to d4 ,i c h[ev]1 z usual1 expla9 m fully :at ,i mean1 by describ+ a p>ticul> case1 sub/antially true4 ,! tea*] ( a s*ool obs]v$1 himself1 & le>n$ f sev]al qu>t]s1 t a c]ta9 boy 0 9 ! habit ( caus+ di/urbance dur+ "t ( pray]1 at ! op5+ & close ( s*ool1 by :isp]+1 play+1 mak+ ge/ures to ! o!r boys1 & ?r[+ ?+s ab\t f seat to seat4 ,! tea*]'s fir/ /ep 01 to speak ( ! subject1 g5]ally1 be=e ! :ole s*ool1 n allud+1 h[ev]1 to any p>ticul> in/ance :i* _h come "u 8 notice4 ,^! g5]al rem>ks produc$1 z he expect$1 b little effect4 ,he wait$ = "s days1 & ! difficulty /ill cont9u$4 ,_h ! irregul>ity be5 v great1 x w\ld h be5 necess>y to h tak5 m imm$iate measures1 b he ?\ght ! case admitt$ ( a little delay4 ,9 ! meantime1 he took a little pa9s to cultivate ! acqua9tance ( ! boy1 to discov] & to %[ t he notic$ :at 0 good 9 8 "* & conduct1 occasionally to get f him "s little assi/ance1 & ?us to ga9 "s p]sonal asc5dancy ov] him4 ,"o day1 :5 e ?+ _h gone smoo?ly & pleasantly1 ! tea*] told ! boy1 at ! close ( s*ool1 t he want$ to talk ) him a little1 & ask$ him to walk home ) him4 ,x 0 n uncommon = ! tea*] to associate ?us1 ) 8 pupils1 out ( s*ool1 & ?is reque/1 accord+ly1 attract$ no special att5tion4 ,on ! walk1 ! tea*] ?us acco/$ ! crim9al4 ,d y l frank1 op5 deal+1 ,james8 ,james hesitat$ a mom5t1 & !n answ]$ fa9tly1 ,yes sir4 ,mo/ boys d1 & ,i d2 & ,i suppos$ t y w\ld pref] be+ treat$ 9 t way4 ,d y8 ,yes sir4 ,well1 ,i am go+ to tell y ( "o ( y\r faults4 ,i h ask$ y to walk ) me1 because ,i suppos$ x w\ld be pleasant] = y to h me see y privately1 ?an to br+ x up 9 s*ool4 ,james said x w\ld be pleasant]4 ,well1 ! fault is1 be+ disord]ly at pray] "t4 ,n[ if y l frank & op5 deal+1 & are will+ to deal s ) me1 ,i %\ld l to talk ) y a little ab\t x1 b if y are n will+1 ,i w dismiss ! subject4 ,i d n wi% to talk ) y n[ ab\t x1 unless y y\rself desire x4 ,b if we talk at all1 we mu/ bo? be op51 & hone/1 & s9c]e4 ,n[ %\ld y r h me talk ) y or n8 ,yes sir1 ,i %\ld r h y talk ) me n[1 ?an 9 s*ool4 ,! tea*] !n describ$ 8 conduct1 9 a mild mann]1 us+ ! /yle ( simple n>ration1--admitt+ no h>% epi!ts1--no t]ms ( reproa*4 ,! boy 0 surpris$1 = he suppos$ he _h n be5 notic$4 ,he ?\ght1 p]haps he %\ld h be5 puni%$1 if he _h be5 obs]v$4 ,! tea*] said 9 conclusion3 ,n[1 ,james1 ,i d n suppose y h done ?is f any design$ irrev]5ce t[>ds ,god1 or delib]ate int5tion ( giv+ me tr\ble & pa94 ,y h sev]al times lately1 assi/$ me1 9 v>i\s ways1 & ,i "k f ! *e]ful mann] ) :i* y comply ) my wi%es1 t y\r prevail+ desire is1 to give me pleasure1 n pa94 ,y h fall5 into ?is practice ?r\gh ?\ghtlessness2 b t does n alt] ! "* ( ! s94 ,to d s1 is a great s9 aga9/ ,god1 & a great (f5ce aga9/ good ord] 9 s*ool4 ,y see1 y\rself1 t my duty to ! s*ool1 w require me to adopt ! mo/ decid$ measures1 to prev5t ! cont9uance & ! spread ( su* a practice4 ,i %\ld be imp]i\sly b\nd to d x1 ev5 if ! individual 0 ! v be/ fri5d ,i _h 9 s*ool1 & if ! measures necess>y1 %\ld br+ ^u him great disgrace & suff]+4 ,d y n ?9k x w\ld be s8 ,yes sir1 said ,james1 s]i\sly1 ,i suppose x w\ld4 ,i want to remove ! evil1 h[ev]1 9 ! pleasante/ way4 ,d y rememb] my speak+ on ?is subject1 9 s*ool ! o!r day8 ,yes sir4 ,well1 my object 9 t1 01 almo/ entirely1 to p]suade y to re=m1 )\t hav+ to speak to y directly4 ,i ?\ght x w\ld be pleasant] to y to be rem9d$ ( y\r duty 9 t way4 ,b ,i d n ?9k x did y mu* good4 ,did x8 ,i don't ?9k ,i h play$ s mu* s9ce !n4 ,nor ,i4 ,y h improv$ a little1 b y h n decid$ly & ?or\ghly re=m$4 ,s ,i 0 oblig$ to take ! next /ep :i* w\ld be lea/ unpleasant to y2 t is1 talk+ ) y alone4 ,n[ y told me1 :5 we began1 t y w\ld deal hone/ly & s9c]ely ) me1 if ,i w\ld ) y4 ,i h be5 hone/ & op54 ,i h told y all ab\t x1 s f> z ,i am conc]n$4 ,n[ ,i wi% y to be hone/1 & tell me :at y are go+ to d4 ,if y ?9k1 f ?is conv]sation1 t y h done wrong1 & if y are fully det]m9$ to d s no m1 & to break (f at once1 & = ev] f ?is practice1 ,i %\ld l to h y tell me1 & !n ! :ole ?+ w be settl$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y feel ab\t x pretty mu* z y h done1 ,i %\ld l to h y tell me t too1 hone/ly & frankly1 t we may h a di/9ct und]/&+1 & t ,i may be consid]+ :at to d next4 ,i %all n be (f5d$ ) y = giv+ me ei!r ( ^! answ]s1 b be sure t y are hone/2 y promis$ to be s4 ,! boy look$ up 9 8 ma/]'s face1 & said1 ) great e>ne/ness1 ,mr4 ,t41 ,i w d bett]4 ,i w n tr\ble y any m4 ,i h detail$ ?is case1 ?us p>ticul>ly1 because x exhibits cle>ly :at ,i mean1 by go+ directly & frankly to ! individual1 & com+ at once1 to a full und]/&+4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t51 ?is c\rse w be effectual4 ,= f\r ye>s1 & ) a v l>ge s*ool1 ,i h f\nd ?is suffici5t1 9 e case ( discipl9e :i* has occurr$1 except 9 ?ree or f\r in/ances1 :]e some?+ m 0 requir$4 ,to make x successful1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be done prop]ly4 ,sev]al ?+s are necess>y4 ,x mu/ be delib]ate2 g5]ally bett] aft] a little delay4 ,x mu/ be indulg5t1 s f> z ! view :i* ! tea*] takes ( ! guilt ( ! pupil1 is conc]n$2 e palliat+ consid]ation mu/ be felt4 ,x mu/ be firm & decid$1 9 reg>d to ! necessity ( a *ange1 & ! det]m9ation ( ! tea*] to effect x4 ,x mu/ also be op5 & frank2 no ins9uations1 no h9ts1 no surmises1 b pla91 hone/1 op5 deal+4 ,9 _m cases1 ! communication may be made mo/ delicately1 & mo/ successfully1 9 writ+4 ,! m delicately y t\* ! feel+s ( y\r pupils1 ! m t5d] ^! feel+s w become4 ,_m a tea*] h>d5s & /upefies ! moral s5se ( 8 pupils1 by ! h>% & r\gh exposures1 to :i* he drags out ! private feel+s ( ! he>t4 ,a man may easily produce su* a /ate ( feel+ 9 8 s*ool-room1 t to address ev5 ! g5tle/ repro( to any individual1 9 ! he>+ ( ! next1 w\ld be a mo/ sev]e puni%m5t2 & on ! o!r h&1 he may s de/roy t s5sitiv5ess1 t 8 vocif]at$ reproa*es w be z unhe$$ z ! idle w9d4 ,if n[1 ! tea*] has tak5 ! c\rse recomm5d$ 9 ?is *apt]2 if he has1 by 8 g5]al influ5ce 9 ! s*ool1 done all 9 8 p[] to br+ ! majority ( 8 pupils to ! side ( ord] & discipl9e2 if he has !n /udi$1 att5tively & imp>tially1 ! *>act]s ( ^? :o _c ?us be l$2 if he has endeavor$ to make !m 8 fri5ds1 & to acquire1 by e means1 a p]sonal influ5ce ov] !m2 if1 f9ally1 :5 !y d wrong1 he goes1 pla9ly1 b 9 a g5tle & delicate mann]1 to !m1 & lays be=e !m ! :ole case2 if he has done all ?is1 he has gone z f> z moral influ5ce w c>ry him4 ,my op9ion is1 t ?is c\rse1 fai?fully & judici\sly pursu$1 w 9 almo/ all in/ances succe$2 b x w n 9 all2 & :]e x fails1 !re mu/ be o!r1 & m vigor\s & decid$ measures4 ,:at ^! measures ( re/ra9t or puni%m5t %all be1 mu/ dep5d ^u ! circum/ances ( ! case2 b 9 resort+ to !m1 ! tea*] mu/ be decid$ & unb5d+4 ,! c\rse above recomm5d$1 is n try+ lax & ineffici5t measures1 = a long "t1 9 hopes ( _! be+ ultimately successful1 & !n1 :5 !y are f\nd n to be s1 *ang+ ! policy4 ,!re %\ld be1 ?r\gh ! :ole1 ! tone & mann] ( au?ority1 n ( p]suasion4 ,! tea*] mu/ be a mon>*1 & :ile he is g5tle & =be>+1 always look+ on ! favorable side ( conduct s f> z guilt is conc]n$1 he mu/ h an eagle eye1 & an effici5t h&1 s f> z relates to arre/+ ! evil1 & /opp+ ! consequ5ces4 ,he may sl[ly & cauti\sly1 & ev5 t5d]ly approa* a del9qu5t4 ,he may be sev]al days 9 ga!r+ ar\nd him ! circum/ances1 ( :i* he is ultimately to avail himself1 9 br++ him to submission2 b1 :ile he proce$s ?us sl[ly1 & t5d]ly1 he mu/ come ) ! air ( au?ority & p[]4 ,! fact t ! tea*] bases all 8 plans1 on ! idea ( 8 ultimate au?ority1 9 e case1 may be p]fectly evid5t to all ! pupils1 :ile he proce$s ) mod]ation & g5tl5ess1 9 all 8 specific measures4 ,let x be se51 !n1 t ! con/itution ( y\r s*ool is a mon>*y1 absolute & unlimit$1--b let x also be se51 t ! "o :o holds ! p[]1 is himself "u ! control ( moral pr9ciple1 9 all t he does1 & t he endeavors to make ! same moral pr9ciple :i* guides him1 g z f> z x is possible to make x g1 9 ! gov]nm5t ( 8 subjects4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,religi\s ,,influ5ce4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! unexampl$ religi\s lib]ty enjoy$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 = :i* x is happily di/+ui%$ above all o!r c\ntries on ! globe1 !re necess>ily results a va/ v>iety ( religi\s s5tim5t & action4 ,we _c enjoy ! bless+s )\t ! inconv5i5ces ( fre$om4 ,:]e e man is all[$ to believe z he pleases1 "s w und\bt$ly believe wrong1 & o!rs w be divid$1 by embrac+ views ( a subject :i* are diff]5t1 ?\gh p]haps equally consi/5t ) tru?4 ,h5ce1 we h among u1 e %ade & e v>iety ( religi\s op9ion1 & 9 _m cases1 cont5tion & /rife1 result+ f hopeless ef=ts to produce uni=mity4 ,a /rang] :o %\ld come among u1 w\ld suppose f ! tone ( our religi\s j\rnals1 & f ! g5]al aspect ( society on ! subject ( religion1 t ! :ole community 0 divid$ into a ?\s& cont5d+ sects1 :o hold no?+ 9 common1 & ^: sole objects are1 ! annoyance & de/ruction ( ea* o!r4 ,b if we leave out ( view "s hundr$s1 or if y please1 "s ?\s&s ( !ological controv]siali/s1 :o manage ! public discussions1 & say & d all t really comes be=e ! public on ?is subject1 x w be f\nd1 t !re is va/ly m religi\s tru? admitt$ by common cons5t1 among ! p ( ,new ,engl&1 ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,?is common gr\nd1 ,i %all endeavor briefly to describe4 ,= x is v pla91 t ! tea*] mu/1 9 ord9>y cases1 conf9e himself to x4 ,by common cons5t1 h[ev]1 ,i d n mean ! cons5t ( e body2 ,i mean t ( ! great majority ( s]i\s1 ?9k+ m54 ,b let u exam9e1 fir/1 = a mom5t1 :at "r any memb] ( ! community has to express & to dissem9ate 8 op9ions1 ) a view to ! inquiry1 :e!r ! tea*] is really b\nd to conf9e himself to :at he c d1 on ?is subject1 ) ! common cons5t ( 8 employ]s4 ,! ,fr5* nation has be51 = "s "t1 z is well kn[n1 /rongly agitat$ ) que/ions ( politics4 ,x is ) difficulty t public tranquillity is pres]v$4 ,e man takes sides4 ,n[ 9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 a weal?y g5tleman1 oppos$ to ! revolution>y projects s con/antly gr[+ up !re1 & f pr9ciple & feel+1 /rongly atta*$ to a mon>*ial gov]nm5t1 wi%es to br+ up 8 *ildr51 ) ! same feel+s :i* he himself *]i%es4 ,he has a "r to d s4 ,no matt] if 8 op9ions are wrong4 ,he ought1 x w be g5]ally suppos$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 to be republican4 ,i suppose him to adopt op9ions1 :i* w g5]ally1 by my read]s1 be consid]$ wrong1 t ,i may br+ m di/9ctly to view ! "r he has to educate 8 *ildr5 z he ?9ks x prop] t !y %\ld be educat$4 ,he may be wrong to =m su* op9ions4 ,b ! op9ions once =m$1 he has a "r1 ) :i* no human p[] c ju/ly int]f]e1 to educate 8 *ildr5 9 con=mity ) ^? op9ions4 ,x is alike ! law ( ,god & nature1 t ! fa!r %\ld control1 z he alone is responsible1 ! education ( 8 *ild4 ,n[ "u ^! circum/ances1 he employs an ,am]ican me*anic1 :o is resid+ 9 ,p>is1 to come to 8 h\se & tea* 8 *ildr5 ! use ( ! la!4 ,aft] "s "t1 he comes into _! little work%op1 & is a/oni%$ to f9d ! la! /&+ /ill1 & ! boys ga!r$ r\nd ! republican turn]1 :o is tell+ !m /ories ( ! tyranny ( k+s1 ! happ9ess ( republicans1 & ! glory ( w>4 ,! p>5t remon/rates4 ,! me*anic def5ds himself4 ,i am a republican1 he says1 ^u pr9ciple1 & :]ev] ,i g1 ,i mu/ ex]t all ! influ5ce 9 my p[]1 to promote free pr9ciples1 & to expose ! usurpations & ! tyranny ( k+s4 ,to ?is ! ,fr5*man might v prop]ly reply1 ,9 y\r ef=ts to promote y\r pr9ciples1 y are limit$1 or y ought to be limit$ to modes t are prop] & honorable4 ,i employ y = a di/9ct & specific purpose1 :i* has no?+ to d ) que/ions ( gov]nm5t2 & y ought n to all[ y\r love ( republican pr9ciples1 to lead y to take advantage ( ! position 9 :i* ,i place y1 & int]f]e ) my plans = ! political education ( my *ildr54 ,n[ = ! p>allel case4 ,a memb] ( a ,congregational ,society1 is employ$ to tea* a s*ool1 9 a di/rict1 occupi$ exclusively by ,quak]s1--a case n uncommon4 ,he is employ$ !re1 n z a religi\s tea*]1 b = ano!r specific & well-def9$ object4 ,x is = ! purpose ( tea*+ ! *ildr5 ( t di/rict1 read+1 writ+1 & calculation1 & = su* o!r purposes1 analog\s to ?is1 z ! law1 provid+ = ! e/abli%m5t ( di/rict s*ools1 contemplat$4 ,n[ :5 he is plac$ 9 su* a situation1 ) su* a tru/ confid$ to him1 & su* duties to dis*>ge1 x is n "r = him1 to make use ( ! influ5ce1 :i* ?is (ficial /ation gives him1 ov] ! m9ds ( ! *ildr5 committ$ to 8 c>e1 = ! accompli%m5t ( any o!r purposes :atev]1 :i* ! p>5ts w\ld disapprove4 ,x w\ld n be consid]$ "r1 by m5 ( ! _w1 to attempt to accompli% any o!r purposes1 9 su* a case2 & are ! pure & holy pr9ciples ( piety1 to be ext5d$ by me?ods m exceptionable1 ?an ^? by :i* political & p>ty conte/s are manag$8 ,!re is a v great & obvi\s di/9ction betwe5 ! g5]al influ5ce :i* ! tea*] ex]ts z a memb] ( ! community1 & t :i* he c employ 9 8 s*ool room z tea*]4 ,he has unque/ionably a "r to ex]t ^u ! community1 by su* means z he %>es 9 common ) e o!r citiz51 z mu* influ5ce z he c comm&1 = ! dissem9ation ( 8 own political1 or religi\s1 or sci5tific op9ions4 ,b ! /rong asc5d5cy1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 (ficial /ation1 he has obta9$ ov] ! m9ds ( 8 pupils1 is sacr$4 ,he has no "r to use x = any purpose =eign to ! specific objects = :i* he is employ$1 unless by ! cons5t1 express$ or impli$1 ( ^? by :om he is entru/$ ) 8 *>ge4 ,! p>5ts :o s5d _! *ildr5 to him1 to be taught to read1 to write & to calculate1 may h errone\s views ( _! duty1 z p>5ts1 9 o!r respects4 ,he may "k t _! views are errone\s4 ,!y may be tak+ a c\rse1 :i* ! tea*] kn[s is wrong4 ,b he has n1 on ?is acc\nt1 a "r to /ep 9 betwe5 ! p>5t & ! *ild1 to guide ! latt] accord+ to 8 own op9ions1 & to violate ! wi%es & ?w>t ! plans ( ! =m]4 ,god has con/itut$ ! relation betwe5 ! p>5t & ! *ild1 & accord+ to any view1 :i* a rational man c take ( ?is relation1 ! p>5t is alone responsible = ! guidance he gives to t m9d1 s entirely 9 8 p[]4 ,he is responsible to ,god2 & :]e our op9ions1 9 reg>d to ! mann] 9 :i* any ( ! duties1 aris+ f ! relation1 are to be p]=m$1 diff] f 81 we h no "r to int]f]e1 )\t 8 cons5t1 to rectify :at we ?us imag9e to be wrong4 ,i "k ( b "o exception1 :i* any man :atev] w\ld be incl9$ to make1 to ?is pr9ciple2 & t is1 :]e ! p>5t w\ld1 if left to himself1 take su* a c\rse1 z w\ld ultimately make 8 *ildr5 unsafe memb]s ( society4 ,! community h a "r to int]f]e1 9 su* a case1 z !y 9 fact d by requir+ e man to provide = ! in/ruction ( 8 *ildr51 & 9 "s o!r ways :i* ne$ n n[ be specifi$4 ,beyond ?is1 h[ev]1 no int]f]5ce contr>y to ! p>5t's cons5t1 is ju/ifiable4 ,:]e p>5ts w d wrong1 not)/&+ any p]suasions :i* we c address to !m1 we mu/ n violate ! pr9ciples ( an arrangem5t1 :i* ,god has himself made1 b submit pati5tly to ! awful consequ5ces1 :i* w1 9 "s cases1 occur1--reflect+ t ! responsibility = ^! consequ5ces1 is on ! head ( ^? :o neglect _! duty1 & t ! be+ :o makes !m liable1 w settle ! acc\nt4 ,:atev]1 !n1 ! tea*] attempts to d1 beyond ! specific & def9$ duties1 :i* are includ$ among ! objects = :i* he is employ$1 mu/ be done by p]mission1--by ! volunt>y cons5t1 :e!r tacit1 or op5ly express$1 ( ^? by :om he is employ$4 ,?is ( c\rse conf9es him to :at is1 g5]ally1 common gr\nd1 among 8 p>ticul> employ]s4 ,9 a republican c\ntry1 :]e all 8 patrons are republican1 he may )\t impropriety1 expla9 & comm5d to 8 pupils1 z occasion may occur1 ! pr9ciples ( free gov]nm5ts1 & ! bless+s :i* may be expect$ to fl[ f !m4 ,b x w\ld n be ju/ifiable = him to d ?is1 "u a mon>*y1 or 9 a community divid$ 9 reg>d to ?is subject1 because ?is "q does n come )9 ! objects1 = ! promotion ( :i*1 8 patrons h associat$1 & employ$ him1--& consequ5tly1 he has no "r1 :ile cont9u+ _! tea*]1 to g into x1 )\t _! cons5t4 ,9 ! same mann]1 an ,episcopal tea*]1 9 a private s*ool1 =m$ & support$ by ,episcopalians1 may use & comm5d =ms ( pray]1 & expla9 ! v>i\s usages ( t *ur*1 exhibit+ _! excell5ce1 & _! adaptation to ! purposes = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,he may prop]ly d ?is1 because 9 ! case suppos$1 ! patrons ( ! s*ool are unit$ on ?is subject1 & _! tacit cons5t may be suppos$ to be giv54 ,b place ! same tea*] ov] a s*ool ( ,quak] *ildr51 ^: p>5ts dislike =ms & c]emonies ( e k9d1 9 religion1 & 8 duty w\ld be *ang$ altoge!r4 ,s1 if a ,roman ,ca?olic is entru/$ ) ! in/ruction ( a common di/rict s*ool1 9 a community compos$ ( _m ,prote/ant d5om9ations1 x w\ld be pla9ly 8 duty to avoid all influ5ce1 direct or indirect1 ov] ! m9ds ( 8 pupils1 except 9 ^? religi\s s5tim5ts & op9ions :i* are common to himself & all 8 employ]s4 ,i repeat ! pr9ciple4 ,he is employ$ = a specific purpose1 & he has no "r to w&] f t purpose1 except z f> z he c g1 ) ! common cons5t ( 8 employ]s4 ,n[1 ! common gr\nd1 on religi\s subjects1 9 ?is c\ntry1 is v broad4 ,!re are inde$1 _m pr9ciples1 :i* are1 9 my view1 ess5tial p>ts ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* are subjects ( active discussion among u4 ,b sett+ ^! aside1 !re are o!r pr9ciples equally ess5tial1 9 reg>d to :i* ! :ole community are agre$2 or at lea/1 if !re is a diss5t+ m9ority1 x is s small1 t x is h>dly to be consid]$4 ,let u look at "s ( ^! pr9ciples4 #a4 ,our community is agre$ t !re is a ,god4 ,!re is probably n a s*ool 9 our c\ntry1 :]e ! p>5ts ( ! s*ol>s w\ld n wi% to h ! tea*]1 9 8 conv]sation ) 8 pupils1 take ?is = grant$1 & allude rev]5tly & judici\sly to t great ,be+1 ) ! design ( lead+ !m to realize 8 exi/5ce1 & to feel 8 au?ority4 #b4 ,our community are agre$1 t we are responsible to ,god = all our conduct4 ,?\gh "s p]sons absurdly pret5d to believe1 t ! ,be+ :o =m$ ?is _w1 if inde$ !y ?9k !re is any su* ,be+1 has left x & its inhabitants to !mselves1 n inspect+ _! conduct1 & nev] int5d+ to call !m to acc\nt1 !y are too few among u to ne$ consid]ation4 ,a diff]5ce ( op9ion on ?is subject1 might emb>rass ! tea*] 9 ,france1 & 9 o!r c\ntries 9 ,europe1 b n "h4 ,h[ev] neglig5t m5 may be 9 obey+ ,god's comm&s1 !y d almo/ univ]sally 9 our c\ntry1 admit 9 !ory1 ! au?ority f :i* !y come2 & believ+ ?is1 ! p>5t1 ev5 if he is aw>e t he himself does n obey ^! comm&s1 *ooses to h 8 *ildr5 taught to respect !m4 ,! tea*] w ?us be act+ ) ! cons5t ( 8 employ]s1 9 almo/ any "p ( our c\ntry1 9 endeavor+ to influ5ce 8 pupils to p]=m moral duties1 n m]ely f worldly motives1 nor f m]e ab/ract pr9ciples ( "r & wrong1 b f reg>d to ! au?ority ( ,god4 #c4 ,! community are agre$1 too1 9 ! belief ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,!y believe1 almo/ )\t exception1 t !re is a future /ate ( be+1 to :i* ?is is introductory & prep>atory1 & almo/ e fa!r & "m 9 our c\ntry1 wi% to h _! *ildr5 keep ?is 9 m9d1 & to be influ5c$ by x1 9 all _! conduct4 #d4 ,! community are agre$1 t we h a revelation f heav54 ,i believe !re are v few in/ances :]e ! p>5ts w\ld n be glad to h ! ,bible read f "t to "t1 its geographical & hi/orical mean+s illu/rat$1 & its moral lessons br\ght to be> ^u ! he>ts & lives ( _! *ildr54 ,( c\rse1 if ! tea*] is s unwise z to make su* a privilege1 if x 7 all[$ him1 ! occasion ( ex]t+ an influ5ce1 ^u "o side or ! o!r ( "s "q :i* divides ! community ar\nd him1 he mu/ expect to excite jeal\sy & di/ru/1 & to be exclud$ f a privilege1 :i* he might o!rwise h be5 p]mitt$ freely to enjoy4 ,!re may1 alas6 be "s cases1 :]e ! use ( ! ,scriptures is altoge!r =bidd5 9 s*ool4 ,b probably 9 almo/ e su* case1 x w\ld be f\nd1 t x is f fe> ( its p]v]sion to sect or p>ty purposes1 & n f any unwill+ness to h ! ,bible us$ 9 ! way ,i h describ$4 #e4 ,! community are agre$ 9 !ory1 t p]sonal atta*m5t to ! ,supreme ,be+1 is ! duty ( e human s\l2 & e p>5t1 ) exceptions s few t !y are n wor? nam+1 wi%es t 8 *ildr5 %\ld *]i% t affection1 & yield _! he>ts to its influ5ce4 ,he is will+ !re=e t ! tea*]1 ( c\rse )\t int]f]+ ) ! regul> duties = ! p]=mance ( :i* he holds 8 (fice1 %\ld1 f "t to "t1 s speak ( ?is duty1--( ,god's goodness to m51--( 8 daily protection1--& 8 promis$ favors1 z to awak51 if possible1 ?is atta*m5t1 9 ! he>ts ( 8 *ildr54 ,( c\rse1 x is v easy = ! tea*]1 if he is s dispos$1 to abuse ?is privilege also4 ,he c1 "u pret5ce ( awak5+ & *]i%+ ! _s ( piety 9 ! he>ts ( 8 pupils1 pres5t ! subject 9 su* aspects & relations1 z to ar\se ! sect>ian or d5om9ational feel+s ( "s ( 8 employ]s4 ,b ,i believe if ?is 0 hone/ly & fully avoid$1 !re are few1 if any1 p>5ts1 9 our c\ntry1 :o w\ld n be gratifi$ to h ! great pr9ciple ( love to ,god1 manife/ itself 9 ! in/ructions ( ! s*ool-room1 & %[+ itself1 by its g5u9e indications 9 ! he>ts & conduct ( _! *ildr54 #f4 ,! community are agre$1 n only 9 believ+ t piety consi/s prim>ily1 9 love to ,god1 b t ! life ( piety is to be comm5c$ by p5it5ce = pa/ s9s1 & =giv5ess1 9 "s way or o!r1 ?r\gh a ,savi\r4 ,i am aw>e t "o class ( !ological writ]s1 9 ! heat ( controv]sy1 *>ge ! o!r ) believ+ t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 no?+ m nor less ?an a tea*] ( religion1 & !re are unque/ionably1 individuals1 :o take ?is view4 ,b ^! individuals are few4 ,!re are v few 9 our community1 :o d n 9 "s s5se1 look ^u ,jesus ,*ri/ z our ,savi\r1--our ,r$eem]2 :o d n feel !mselves 9 "s way1 indebt$ to him1 = ! (f] ( p>don4 ,!re may be1 "h & !re1 a !ological /ud5t1 or a contributor to ! columns ( a polemical magaz9e1 :o ranks ,jesus ,*ri/ ) ,moses & ) ,paul4 ,b ! great mass ( ! fa!rs & mo!rs1 ( e "n & d5om9ation ?r\gh all ! ranks ( society1 look up to ! ,savi\r ( s9n]s1 ) some?+ at lea/ ( ! feel+1 t he is ! object ( extraord9>y affection & rev]5ce4 ,i am aw>e h[ev]1 t ,i am approa*+ ! limit1 :i*1 9 _m p>ts ( our c\ntry1 ought to b\nd ! religi\s influ5ce ( ! tea*] 9 a public s*ool2 & on ?is subject1 z on e o!r1 he ought to d no?+ directly or indirectly1 :i* w\ld be displeas+ to ^? :o h entru/$ *ildr5 to 8 c>e4 ,s mu* gr\nd1 x seems1 ! tea*] may occupy1 by common cons5t1 9 ,new-,engl&1 & x c]ta9ly is a great deal4 ,x may be d\bt$ :e!r1 aft] all our disputes1 !re is a c\ntry 9 ! _w1 ^: inhabitants h s mu* 9 common1 9 reg>d to religi\s belief4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 no c\ntry 9 ! _w1 :]e ! tea*] may be all[$ to d s mu*1 t[>ds lead+ 8 pupils to fe> ,god1 & to obey 8 comm&s1 ) ! cordial cons5t ( p>5ts1 z he c "h4,b ,footnote ,b3 ,9 speak+ ( ?is common gr\nd1 & 9 comm5t+ ^u x1 ,i wi% n to be und]/ood t ,i consid] ^! tru?s z compris+ all t is ess5tial 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,v f> f x4 ,a full expression ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 w\ld g f> 9 advance ( all "h pres5t$4 ,we mu/ n conf\nd h[ev]1 :at is ess5tial to prep>e ! way = ! =giv5ess ( s91 ) :at is ess5tial t a *ild %\ld und]/&1 9 ord] to secure 8 p5it5ce & =giv5ess4 ,! =m] is a great deal2 ! latt]1 v little4 ,! gr\nd :i* ,i h be5 lay+ out1 is common1 all ov] our c\ntry2 9 p>ticul> places1 !re w be1 ev5 mu* m1 t is common4 ,( c\rse1 ! tea*]1 9 su* cases1 w be at mu* great] lib]ty4 ,if a ,roman ,ca?olic community e/abli% a s*ool1 & appo9t a ,roman ,ca?olic tea*]1 he may prop]ly1 9 8 int]c\rse ) 8 s*ol>s1 allude1 ) comm5dation1 to ! op9ions & practices ( t *ur*4 ,if a college is e/abli%$ by ! ,me?odi/ d5om9ation1 ! tea*] ( t in/itution may1 ( c\rse1 expla9 & en=ce !re1 ! views ( t society4 ,ea* tea*] is conf9$ only to ^? views :i* are common to ! f\nd]s & support]s ( ! p>ticul> in/itution1 to :i* he is atta*$4 ,i tru/ ! pr9ciple :i* ,i h be5 attempt+ to en=ce1 is fully be=e ! read]'s m9d1 namely1 t moral & religi\s in/ruction 9 a s*ool1 be+ 9 a great degree extra-(ficial1 9 its nature1 mu/ be c>ri$ no f>!r ?an ! tea*] c g ) ! common cons5t1 ei!r express$ or impli$1 ( ^? :o h f\nd$1 & :o support 8 s*ool4 ,( c\rse1 if ^? f\nd]s =bid x altoge!r1 !y h a "r to d s1 & ! tea*] mu/ submit4 ,! only "q t c ju/ly arise1 is1 :e!r1 he w rema9 9 su* a situation1 or seek employm5t1 :]e a door ( usefulness1 "h clos$ aga9/ him1 w be op5$4 ,:ile he rema9s1 he mu/ hone/ly & fully submit to ! wi%es ( ^?1 9 ^: h&s ,provid5ce has plac$ ! ultimate responsibility ( tra9+ up ! *ildr5 ( 8 s*ool4 ,x is only = a p>tial & specific purpose1 t !y are plac$ "u 8 c>e4 ,! religi\s read] may inquire1 :y ,i am s anxi\s to re/ra91 r ?an to urge on1 ! ex]cise ( religi\s influ5ce 9 s*ools4 ,!re is f> too little1 "s "o w say1 in/ead ( too mu*1 & tea*]s ne$ to be enc\rag$ & l$ on 9 ?is duty1 n to be re/ra9$ f x4 ,!re is1 inde$1 f> too little religi\s influ5ce ex]t$ 9 common s*ools4 ,:at ,i h said1 has be5 int5d$ to prep>e ! way = an increase ( x4 ,my view ( x is ?is3 ,if tea*]s d univ]sally conf9e !mselves to limits1 :i* ,i h be5 attempt+ to def9e1 !y may accompli% )9 ^! limits1 a va/ am\nt ( good4 ,by attempt+ h[ev]1 to exce$ !m1 ! confid5ce ( p>5ts is de/roy$ or weak5$1 & ! door is clos$4 ,9 ?is way1 injury to a v great ext5t has be5 done 9 _m p>ts ( our c\ntry4 ,p>5ts are l$ to associate ) ! v idea ( religion1 indirect & p]haps secret ef=ts to influ5ce _! *ildr51 9 a way :i* !y !mselves w\ld disapprove4 ,!y transf] to ! cause ( piety itself1 ! dislike :i* 0 fir/ awak5$ by exceptionable means to promote x2 & o!r tea*]s1 see+ ^! evil effects1 are det]r$ f attempt+ :at !y might easily & pleasantly accompli%4 ,be=e !re=e1 attempt+ to en=ce ! duty1 & to expla9 ! me?ods ( ex]t+ religi\s influ5ce 9 s*ool1 ,i ?\ght prop]1 di/9ctly to /ate1 ) :at re/rictions1 & )9 :at limits1 ! "w is to be done4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are _m tea*]s :o pr(ess to *]i% ! _s1 & to ent]ta9 ! hopes ( piety1 :o yet make no ef=t :atev] to ext5d its influ5ce to ! he>ts ( _! pupils4 ,o!rs appeal sometimes to religi\s tru?1 m]ely to assi/ !m 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! s*ool4 ,!y p]haps br+ x be=e ! m9ds ( disob$i5t pupils1 9 a va9 ef=t to make an impression ^u ! consci5ce ( "o :o has done wrong1 & :o _c by o!r means be br\ght to submission4 ,b ! pupil1 9 su* cases1 und]/&s1 or at lea/ he believes1 t ! tea*] applies to religi\s tru?1 only to eke out 8 own au?ority1 & ( c\rse1 x produces no effect4 ,ano!r tea*] ?9ks he mu/1 to dis*>ge 8 duty1 give a c]ta9 am\nt weekly1 ( :at he consid]s religi\s in/ruction4 ,he accord+ly appropriates a regul> portion ( "t to a =mal lecture or exhortation1 :i* he deliv]s )\t reg>d to ! m5tal habits ( ?\ght & feel+ :i* prevail among 8 *>ge4 ,he =gets t ! he>t mu/ be l$1 n driv51 to piety1 & t unless 8 ef=ts are adapt$ to ! nature ( ! m9ds he is act+ ^u1 & suit$ to influ5ce !m1 he mu/ z c]ta9ly fail ( success1 z :5 !re is a want ( adapt$ness betwe5 ! means & ! end 9 any o!r und]tak+ :atev]4 ,! arrangem5t :i* seems to me z well calculat$ z any = ! religi\s ex]cises ( a s*ool1 is ?is3 #a4 ,9 ! morn+ op5 ! s*ool ) a v %ort pray]1 resembl+ 9 its object & l5g?1 ! op5+ pray] 9 ! morn+1 at ,congregational *ur*es4 ,! po/ure1 :i* f f\r ye>s' exp]i5ce1 ,i w\ld recomm5d at ?is ex]cise1 is sitt+1 ) ! heads recl9$ ^u ! desks4 ,! pray]1 besides be+ %ort1 %\ld be simple 9 its language1 & specific 9 its petitions4 ,a degree ( p>ticul>ity & famili>ity1 :i* might be improp] else:]e1 is n only all[able "h1 b necess>y to ! production ( ! prop] effect4 ,t ! read] may und]/& to :at ext5t ,i mean to be und]/ood to recomm5d ?is1 ,i w subjo9 a =m1 su* z 9 _s ,i suppose su* a pray] ought to be4 ,our ,fa!r 9 heav51 :o has k9dly pres]v$ ! pupils & ! tea*] ( ?is s*ool dur+ ! pa/ night1 come & grant u a cont9uance ( ?y protection & bless+ dur+ ?is day4 ,we _c sp5d ! day prosp]\sly & happily )\t !e4 ,come !n1 & be 9 ?is s*ool-room dur+ ?is day1 & help u all to be fai?ful & successful 9 duty4 ,guide ! tea*] 9 all t he may d4 ,give him wisdom & pati5ce1 & fai?fulness4 ,may he treat all 8 pupils ) k9dness2 & if any ( !m %\ld d any ?+ t is wrong1 wilt ?\ help him1 g5tly b firmly to endeavor to br+ him back to duty4 ,may he sympa?ize ) ! difficulties & trials ( all1 & promote ! pres5t happ9ess1 z well z ! intellectual progress1 ( all :o are committ$ to 8 c>e4 ,take c>e ( ! pupils too4 ,may !y sp5d ! day pleasantly & happily toge!r4 ,wilt ?\ :o did/ orig9ally give u all our p[]s1 direct & assi/ u all1 ?is day1 9 ! use & improvem5t ( !m4 ,remove difficulties f our pa?1 & give u all1 fidelity & pati5ce 9 e duty4 ,let no "o ( u de/roy our peace & happ9ess ?is day1 by break+ any ( ?y comm&s1--or enc\rag+ our companions1 9 s9s--or neglect+1 9 any respect1 our duty4 ,we ask all 9 ! "n ( our great ,r$eem] ,am54 ,( c\rse ! pray] ( ea* day w be v>i$1 unless1 9 special cases1 ! tea*] pref]s to read "s =m l ! above4 ,b let e "o be m9ute & p>ticul>1 relat+ especially to s*ool1--to s*ool temptations1 & trials1 & difficulties4 ,let e "o be fill$ ) expressions relat+ to s*ool1 s t x w be> ^u e s5t5ce1 ! impression1 t x is ! petition ( a tea*] & 8 pupils1 at ! ?rone ( grace4 #b4 ,if ! pupils c s+1 !re may be a s+le v]se1 or sometimes two v]ses ( "s well kn[n hymn1 sung aft] ! pray]1 at ! op5+ ( ! s*ool4 ,tea*]s w f9d x mu* easi] to introduce ?is practice1 ?an x w\ld at fir/ be suppos$4 ,9 almo/ e s*ool1 !re are en\gh :o c s+ to beg91 especially if ! fir/ exp]im5t is made 9 a recess1 or be=e or aft] s*ool2 & ! beg9n+ once made1 ! difficulty is ov]4 ,if b few tunes are sung1 a v l>ge proportion ( ! s*ol>s w soon le>n !m4 #c4 ,let !re be no o!r regul> ex]cise until ! close ( ! aft]noon s*ool4 ,:5 t h\r has arriv$1 let ! tea*] devote a v %ort p]iod1 five m9utes p]haps1 to religi\s in/ruction1 giv5 9 v>i\s ways4 ,at "o "t1 he may expla9 & illu/rate "s important tru?4 ,at ano!r1 read1 & comm5t ^u1 a v %ort portion ( ,scripture4 ,at ano!r1 relate an anecdote1 or fact1 :i* w t5d to int]e/ ! s*ol>s 9 ! p]=mance ( duty4 ,! tea*] %\ld be v c>eful n to imitate on ^! occasions1 ! =mal /yle ( exhortation f ! pulpit4 ,let him use no cant & hackney$ phrases1 & nev] approa* ! subject ( p]sonal piety1--i4 e4 su* feel+s z p5it5ce = s91 tru/ 9 ,god1 & love = ! ,savi\r1--unless 8 own he>t is really1 at ! "t1 w>m$ by ! emotions :i* he wi%es to awak5 9 o!rs4 ,*ildr5 v easily detect hypocrisy4 ,!y "k v well1 :5 a p>5t or tea*] is talk+ to !m on religi\s subjects1 m]ely z a matt] ( c\rse1 = ! sake ( effect2 & su* con/ra9$ & =mal ef=ts nev] d any good4 ,let !n e ?+ :i* y d1 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject1 be done ) prop] reg>d to ! "* & condition ( ! y\?ful m9d1 & 9 su* a way z %all be calculat$ to int]e/1 z well z to in/ruct4 ,a cold & =mal exhortation1 or ev5 an app>5tly e>ne/ "o1 deliv]$ 9 a tone ( affect$ solemnity1 w produce no good effect4 ,p]haps ,i ought n to say x w produce no good effect3 = good does sometimes result1 z a sort ( accid5tal consequ5ce1 f almo/ any ?+4 ,i mean x w h no effectual t5d5cy to d good4 ,y mu/ v>y y\r me?od too1 9 ord] to int]e/ y\r pupils4 ,wat* _! c\nt5ances :5 y are address+ !m1 & see if !y look int]e/$4 ,if !y d n1 be assur$ t !re is some?+ wrong1 or at lea/ some?+ ill-judg$1 or ineffici5t1 9 y\r mann] ( expla9+ ! tru?s :i* y wi% to h produce an effect ^u _! m9ds4 ,t y may be prep>$ to br+ moral & religi\s tru?s be=e _! m9ds 9 ! way ,i h describ$1 y\r own m9d mu/ take a /rong int]e/ 9 ?is class ( tru?s4 ,y mu/ habituate y\rself to look at ! moral & religi\s aspects & relations ( all t y see & he>4 ,:5 y are read+1 notice su* facts1 & rememb] su* n>ratives1 z y c turn to good acc\nt1 9 ?is way4 ,9 ! same way1 treasure up 9 m9d su* occurr5ces z may come "u y\r own p]sonal obs]vation1 :5 travell+1 or :5 mix+ ) society4 ,t ! _s & mann] ( ^! religi\s ex]cises1 may be ! m di/9ctly und]/ood1 ,i w give "s examples4 ,let u suppose !n t ! h\r = clos+ s*ool has come4 ,! books are laid aside2 ! room is /ill2 ! boys expect ! few words :i* ! tea*] is accu/om$ to address to !m1 & look+ up to him1 !y li/5 to he> :at he has to say4 ,y may take y\r ,bibles4 ,! boys1 by a simultane\s movem5t1 op5 _! desks1 & take f !m _! copies ( ! sacr$ volume4 ,:at is ! fir/ book ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,mat!w3 !y all answ]1 at once4 ,! second8 ,m>k4 ,! ?ird8 ,luke4 ,! next8 ,john4 ,! next8 ,! ,acts4 ,! next8 ,_m answ]1 ,romans4 ,! next8 ,a few voices say1 fa9tly & ) hesitation1 ,fir/ ( ,cor9?ians4 ,i p]ceive y\r answ]s become fa9t] & fa9t]4 ,d y "k :at is ! la/ book ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,! boys answ] promptly1 ,revelations4 ,d y "k :at books are betwe5 ! ,acts & ! book ( ,revelation8 ,"s say1 ,no sir2 "s beg9 to enum]ate su* books z occur to !m1 & "s p]haps beg9 to "n !m promptly1 & 9 _! regul> ord]4 ,i d n mean1 int]rupts ! tea*]1 ! names ( ! books1 b ! k9ds ( books4 ,! boys hesitate4 ,!y are epi/les or lett]s4 ,d y "k :o wrote ! lett]s8 ,paul1 ,pet]1 answ] _m voices at once4 ,yes1 !re 7 sev]al writ]s4 ,n[ ! po9t :i* ,i wi% to br+ be=e y is ?is2 d y "k 9 :at ord]1 ,i mean on :at pr9ciples1 ! books are arrang$8 ,no sir2 is ! univ]sal reply4 ,i w tell y4 ,fir/ come all ,paul's epi/les4 ,if y turn ov] ! leaves ( ! ,te/am5t1 y w see t ,paul's lett]s are all put toge!r1 aft] ! book ( ! ,acts2 & :at ,i wi% y to notice is1 t !y are arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( _! l5g?4 ,! longe/ comes fir/1 & !n ! next2 & s on to ! %orte/1 :i* is ! epi/le to ,philemon4 ,?is ( c\rse1 comes la/--,no2--,i am wrong 9 say+ x is ! la/ ( ,paul's ,epi/les1 !re is "o m1--to ! ,hebrews2 & ?is comes aft] all ! o!rs1 = !re has be5 a good deal ( dispute :e!r x 0 really writt5 by ,paul4 ,y w see t 8 "n is n at ! beg9n+ ( x1 z x is 9 8 o!r epi/les3 s x 0 put la/4 ,!n comes ! epi/le ( ,james4 ,w y see :e!r x is long] ?an any t come aft] x8 ,! boys1 aft] a m9ute's exam9ation1 answ]1 ,yes sir1 ,yes sir4 ,:at comes next8 ,! epi/les ( ,pet]4 ,yes2 & y w see t ! longe/ ( ,pet]'s epi/les is next 9 l5g? to t ( ,james'3 ,& inde$ all 8 are arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( _! l5g?4 ,yes sir4 ,:at comes next8 ,john's4 ,yes1 & !y arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( _! l5g?4 ,d y n[ und]/& ! pr9ciples ( ! arrangem5t ( ! epi/les8 ,yes sir4 ,i %\ld l to h any ( y :o are int]e/$ 9 x1 try to express ?is pr9ciple 9 a few s5t5ces1 on pap]1 & lay x on my desk to-morr[1 & ,i w read :at y write4 ,y w f9d x v difficult to express x4 ,n[ y may lay aside y\r books4 ,x w be pleasant] = y if y d x sil5tly4 ,intellig5t *ildr5 w be int]e/$ ev5 9 s simple a po9t z ?is1--mu* m int]e/$ ?an a matur] m9d1 unacqua9t$ ) ! peculi>ities ( *ildr51 w\ld suppose4 ,by br++ up1 f "t to "t1 "s su* lit]>y inquiry z ?is1 !y w be l$ ins5sibly to reg>d ! ,bible z op5+ a field = int]e/+ intellectual rese>*1 & w m easily be l$ to /udy x4 ,at ano!r "t1 ! tea*] sp5ds 8 five m9utes 9 aim+ to accompli% a v diff]5t object4 ,i w suppose x to be "o ( ^? aft]noons1 :5 all has gone smoo?ly & pleasantly1 9 s*ool4 ,!re has be5 no?+ to excite /rong int]e/ or emotion2 & !re has be51 7z e tea*] kn[s !re sometimes w be17 )\t any assignable cause :i* he c p]ceive1 a calm1 & quiet1 & happy _s1 diffus$ ov] ! m9ds & c\nt5ances ( ! little assembly4 ,8 ev5+ communication %\ld accord ) ?is feel+1 & he %\ld make x ! occasion to promote ^? pure & hall[$ emotions 9 :i* e immortal m9d mu/ f9d its happ9ess1 if x is to enjoy any1 wor? possess+4 ,:5 all is /ill1 ! tea*] addresses 8 pupils z foll[s4 ,i h no?+ b a simple /ory to tell y to-night4 ,x is true1 & ! fact int]e/$ me v mu* :5 ,i witness$ x1 b ,i d n "k t x w int]e/ y n[1 m]ely to he> x repeat$4 ,x is ?is3 ,la/ vacation1 ,i 0 travell+ 9 a remote & ?9ly settl$ c\ntry1 among ! m\nta9s1 9 ano!r /ate2 ,i 0 rid+ ) a g5tleman on an almo/ unfrequ5t$ road4 ,=e/s 7 all ar\nd u1 & ! h\ses 7 small & v few4 ,at l5g?1 z we 7 pass+ a humble & solit>y dwell+1 ! g5tleman said to me1 ',!re is a "y woman sick 9 ?is h\se2 %\ld y l to g 9 & see h]8' ',yes sir' said ,i1 'v mu*4 ,%e c h v few visit]s ,i ?9k1 9 ?is lonely place1 & if y ?9k %e w\ld l to see u1 ,i %\ld l to g4' ,we turn$ our horses t[>ds ! door1 & z we 7 rid+ up1 ,i ask$ :at 0 ! matt] ) ! "y woman4 ',consumption1' ! g5tleman repli$1 '& ,i suppose %e w n live long4' ,at t mom5t we dism\nt$ & ent]$ ! h\se4 ,x 0 a v pleasant summ]'s aft]noon1 & ! door 0 op54 ,we ent]$ & 7 receiv$ by an eld]ly lady1 :o seem$ glad to see u4 ,9 "o corn] ( ! room 0 a b$1 on :i* 0 ly+ ! pati5t :om we _h come to visit4 ,%e 0 pale & ?9 9 h] c\nt5ance1 b !re 0 a v calm & happy expression beam+ 9 h] eye4 ,i w5t up to h] b$side & ask$ h] h[ %e did4 ,i talk$ ) h] "s "t1 & f\nd t %e 0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,%e did n seem to "k :e!r %e w\ld get well aga9 or n1 & 9 fact1 %e did n seem to c>e mu* ab\t x4 ,%e 0 evid5tly happy !n1 & believ$ %e %\ld cont9ue s4 ,%e _h be5 p5it5t = h] s9s1 & s\ght & obta9$ =giv5ess1 & enjoy$1 9 h] lonel9ess1 n only ! protection ( ,god1 b also 8 pres5ce 9 h] he>t1 diffus+ peace & happ9ess !re4 ,:5 ,i came into ! h\se1 ,i said to myself1 ,i pity1 ,i am sure1 a p]son :o is conf9$ by sickness 9 ?is lonely place1 ) no?+ to int]e/ or amuse h]2' b :5 ,i came out1 ,i said to myself1 ',i d n pity h] at all4' ,nev] de/roy ! effect ( su* a communication z ?is1 by attempt+ to foll[ x up ) an exhortation1 or ) g5]al rem>ks1 va9ly attempt+ to /r5g!n ! impression4 ,nev]1 d ,i say8 ,p]haps !re may be "s exceptions4 ,b *ildr5 are n rea*$ by =mal exhortations2 _! he>ts are t\*$ & affect$ 9 o!r ways4 ,sometimes y mu/ reprove1 sometimes y mu/ condemn4 ,b indiscrim9ate & p]petual h>angues ab\t ! guilt ( imp5it5ce1 & e>ne/ entreaties to beg9 a life ( piety1 only h>d5 ! he>ts !y are int5d$ to s(t51 & consequ5tly confirm ^? :o he> !m 9 ! habits ( s94 ,9 ! same way a multitude ( o!r subjects1 inf9ite 9 numb] & v>iety1 may be br\ght be=e y\r pupils at /at$ seasons = religi\s in/ruction4 ,x is unnecess>y to give any m p>ticul> examples1 b /ill x may n be amiss to sugge/ a few g5]al pr9ciples1 :i* ought to guide ^? :o are address+ ! "y1 on e subject1 & especially on ! subject ( religion4 #a4 ,make no ef=t to simplify language4 ,*ildr5 always obs]ve ?is1 & are always displeas$ ) x1 unless !y are v "y2 & x is n necess>y4 ,!y c und]/& ord9>y language well en\gh1 if ! subject is )9 _! compreh5sion1 & treat$ 9 a mann] adapt$ to _! p[]s4 ,if y d\bt :e!r *ildr5 c und]/& language1 tell su* a /ory z ?is1 ) ardor ( tone & prop] ge/iculation1 to a *ild only two or ?ree ye>s old2 ,i saw an enorm\s dog 9 ! /reet ! o!r day4 ,he 0 saunt]+ along sl[ly1 until he saw a huge piece ( meat ly+ d[n on ! gr\nd4 ,he grasp$ x in/antly betwe5 8 tee? & ran away ) all spe$1 until he disappe>$ ar\nd a corn] s t ,i c\ld see him no m4 ,9 su* a description1 !re is a l>ge numb] ( words :i* su* a *ild w\ld n und]/& if !y /ood alone1 b ! :ole description w\ld be p]fectly intelligible4 ,! reason is1 ! subject is simple2 ! facts are su* z a v little *ild w\ld be int]e/$ 92 & ! connexion ( ea* new ^w1 9 almo/ e in/ance1 expla9s its mean+4 ,t is ! way by :i* *ildr5 le>n all language4 ,!y le>n ! mean+ ( words1 n by def9itions1 b by _! connexion 9 ! s5t5ces 9 :i* !y he> !m2 & by long practice1 !y acquire an a/oni%+ facility ( do+ ?is4 ',tis true !y sometimes mi/ake1 b n (t51 & ! tea*] ( *ildr5 ( almo/ any age1 ne$ n be afraid t he %all n be und]/ood4 ,!re is no dang] f 8 us+ ! language ( m51 if 8 subject1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he treats x1 & ! =m & /ructure ( 8 s5t5ces are :at !y ought to be4 ,( c\rse !re may be cases1 91 fact !re (t5 w be cases1 :]e p>ticul> words w require special explanation1 b !y w be comp>atively few1 & in/ead ( mak+ ef=ts to avoid !m1 x w be bett] to let !m come4 ,! pupils w be int]e/$ & pr(it$ by ! explanation4 ,p]haps "s may ask :at h>m x w d1 to simplify language1 :5 talk+ to *ildr54 ,x c]ta9ly c d no injury1 !y may say1 & x dim9i%es all possibility ( be+ misund]/ood4 ,x does injury 9 at lea/ ?ree ways4 7#a47 ,x disgu/s ! "y p]sons to :om x is address$1 & prev5ts _! be+ int]e/$ 9 :at is said4 ,i once met two *ildr5 twelve ye>s ( age1 :o _h j return$ f he>+ a v able disc\rse1 deliv]$ be=e a numb] ( sabba? s*ools1 assembl$ on "s public occasion4 ,h[ did y l ! disc\rse8 said ,i4 ,v well inde$1 !y repli$1 only1 said "o ( !m1 smil+1 he talk$ to u z if we 7 all little *ildr54 ,girls & boys h[ev] "y1 nev] consid] !mselves little *ildr51 = !y c always look d[n ^u "s y\ng] ?an !mselves4 ,!y are mortifi$1 :5 treat$ z ?\gh !y c\ld n und]/& :at is really )9 ! rea* ( _! faculties4 ,!y d n l to h _! p[]s und]rat$2 & !y are "r 9 ?is feel+4 ,x is common to all1 old & "y4 7#b7 ,*ildr5 are kept back 9 le>n+ language1 if _! tea*] makes ef=t to come d[n1 z x is call$1 to _! compreh5sion 9 ! use ( words4 ,notice t ,i say1 9 ! use ( words1 = z ,i %all %[ pres5tly1 x is absolutely necess>y to come d[n to ! compreh5sion ( *ildr51 9 "s o!r respects4 ,if h[ev]1 9 ! use ( words1 ^? :o address *ildr51 conf9e !mselves to su* words z *ildr5 already und]/&1 h[ are !y to make progress 9 t mo/ important ( all /udies1 ! k ( language4 ,_m a "m keeps back h] *ild1 9 ?is way1 to a degree t is h>dly conceivable2 ?us do+ all 9 h] p[] to p]petuate 9 ! *ild an ignorance ( its "m tongue4 ,tea*]s ought to make con/ant ef=ts to increase _! s*ol>s' /ock ( words1 by us+ new ones f "t to "t1 tak+ c>e to expla9 !m :5 ! connexion does n d x = !m4 ,s t in/ead ( com+ d[n to ! language ( *ildhood1 he ought r to g z f> away f x1 z he possibly c1 )\t leav+ 8 pupils beh9d him4 7#c7 ,b p]haps ! greate/ evil ( ?is practice is1 x satisfies ! tea*]4 ,he ?9ks he addresses 8 pupils 9 ! "r mann]1 & ov]looks1 altoge!r1 ! real peculi>ities1 9 :i* ! p[] to int]e/ ! "y dep5ds4 ,he talks to !m 9 simple language1 & wond]s :y !y are n int]e/$4 ,he c]ta9ly is pla9 en\gh4 ,he is vex$ ) !m = n att5d+ to :at he says1 attribut+ x to _! dulness or reg>dlessness ( all t is useful or good1 in/ead ( p]ceiv+ t ! great difficulty is 8 own want ( skill4 ,^! ?ree evils are suffici5t to det] ! tea*] f ! practice4 #b4 ,pres5t y\r subject n 9 its g5]al views1 b 9 its m9ute details4 ,?is is ! great secret ( int]e/+ ! "y4 ,pres5t x 9 its details1 & 9 its practical exemplifications2 d ?is ) any subject :atev]1 & *ildr5 w always be int]e/$4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 let u suppose two tea*]s1 wi%+ to expla9 to _! pupils ! same subject1 & tak+ ! foll[+ opposite me?ods ( do+ x4 ,"o1 at ! close ( s*ool1 addresses 8 *>ge z foll[s2 ,! moral "* ( any action1 t is1 :e!r x is "r or wrong1 dep5ds ^u ! motives ) :i* x is p]=m$4 ,m5 look only at ! outw>d conduct1 b ,god looks at ! he>t4 ,9 ord] n[ t any action %\ld be pleas+ to ,god1 x is necess>y x %\ld be p]=m$ f ! motive ( a desire to please him4 ,n[ !re are a great _m o!r motives ( action :i* prevail among mank9d1 besides ?is "r "o4 ,!re is love ( praise1 love ( money1 affection = fri5ds1 c4 ,by ! "t ! tea*] has proce$$ ?us f>1 he f9ds1 z he looks ar\nd ! room1 t ! c\nt5ances ( 8 pupils are assum+ a li/less & inatt5tive air4 ,"o is re/less 9 8 seat1 evid5tly pay+ no att5tion4 ,ano!r has recl9$ 8 head ^u 8 desk1 lo/ 9 a rev]ie1 & o!rs are look+ r\nd ! room1 at "o ano!r1 or at ! door1 re/less & impati5t1 hop+ ! dull lecture w soon be ov]4 ,! o!r tea*] says2 ,i h ?\ght ( an exp]im5t ,i might try1 :i* w\ld illu/rate to y a v important subject4 ,suppose ,i %\ld call "o ( ! boys1 ,a41 to me1 & %\ld say to him2 ',i want y to g to y\r seat & transcribe = me a piece ( poetry1 z h&somely z y c4 ,if x is writt5 z well z y c possibly write x1 ,i w give y #be c5ts4' ,suppose ,i say ?is to him privately1 s t none ( ! re/ ( ! boys c he>1 & he goes to take 8 seat1 & beg9s to "w4 ,y p]ceive t ,i h pres5t$ to him a motive to ex]tion4 ,yes sir1 say ! boys1 all look+ ) int]e/ at ! tea*]1 wond]+ h[ ?is exp]im5t is go+ to end4 ,well1 :at w\ld t motive be8 ,money4 ,! qu>t] ( a doll>4 ,love ( money1 or p]haps o!r answ]s are he>d1 f ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! room4 ,yes1 love ( money1 x is call$4 ,n[ suppose ,i %\ld call ano!r boy1 "o ) :om ,i 0 p>ticul>ly acqua9t$1 &1 :o1 ,i %\ld "k w\ld make an ef=t to please me1 & %\ld say to him1 ',= a p>ticul> reason1 ,i want y to copy ?is poetry'--giv+ him ! same--',i wi% y to copy x h&somely1 = ,i wi% to s5d x away1 & h n "t to copy x myself4 ,c y d x z well z n8' ,suppose ! boy %\ld say he c\ld1 & %\ld take x to 8 seat1 & beg92 nei!r ( ! boys kn[+ :at ! o!r 0 do+4 ,i %\ld n[ h (f]$ to ?is second boy a motive4 ,w\ld x be ! same ) ! o!r8 ,no sir4 ,:at 0 ! o!r8 ,love ( money4 ,:at is ?is8 ,! boys hesitate4 ,x might be call$1 cont9ues ! tea*]1 fri5d%ip4 ,x is ! motive ( a va/ numb] ( ! actions :i* are p]=m$ 9 ?is _w4 ,d y ?9k ( any o!r common motive ( action1 besides love ( money & fri5d%ip8 ,love ( honor1 says "o fe>1 says ano!r4 ,yes1 cont9ues ! tea*]1 bo? ^! are common motives4 ,i might1 to exhibit !m1 call two m boys1 "o aft] ! o!r1 & say to ! "o1 ,i w ?ank y to g & copy ?is piece ( poetry z well z y c4 ,i want to s5d x to ! s*ool committee z a specim5 ( improvem5t made 9 ?is s*ool4 ,to ! o!r1 ,i might say2 'y h be5 a c>eless boy to-day2 y h n got y\r lessons well4 ,n[ take y\r seat1 & copy ?is poetry4 ,d x c>efully4 ,unless y take pa9s1 & d x z well z y possibly c1 ,i %all puni% y sev]ely1 be=e y g home4' ,h[ _m motives h ,i got n[8 ,f\r1 ,i believe4 ,yes sir1 say ! boys4 ,love ( money1 fri5d%ip1 love ( honor1 & fe>4 ,we call$ ! fir/ boy ,a42 let u call ! o!rs1 ,b4 ,c & ,d42 no1 we %all rememb] bett] to call !m by ! "n ( _! motives4 ,we w call ! fir/1 ,m4 = money2 ! second1 ,f4 = fri5d%ip2 ! ?ird1 ,h4 = honor2 & ! la/ ,f42--we h got an ,f4 already2 :at %all we d8 ,on ! :ole1 x is ( no consequ5ce1 we w h two ,f4's1 we %all rememb] n to conf\nd !m4 ,b !re are a great _m o!r motives entirely di/9ct f ^!4 ,= example1 suppose ,i %\ld say to a fif? boy1 ',w y copy ?is piece ( poetry8 x belongs to "o ( ! little boys 9 s*ool3 he wants a copy ( x1 & ,i told him ,i w\ld try to get "s "o to copy x = him4' ,?is motive n[ w\ld be b5evol5ce2 t is1 if ! boy1 :o 0 ask$ to copy x1 0 n p>ticul>ly acqua9t$ ) ! o!r1 & did x *iefly to oblige him4 ,we w call ?is boy ,b4 = ,b5evol5ce4 ,n[ suppose ,i call a six? boy1 & say to him1 ,i h set f\r or five boys to "w1 copy+ ?is piece ( poetry2 n[ ,i want y to set d[n & see if y _c d x bett] ?an any ( !m4 ,no "o ( !m kn[s t any o!r is writ+1 except y1 b aft] ! o!rs are all done1 ,i w comp>e !m & see if y\rs is n ! be/4' ,?is w\ld be try+ to excite emulation4 ,we mu/ call ?is boy !n1 ,e4--,b ! "t ,i int5d$ to devote to talk+ ) y on ?is subject = to-day1 is expir$4 ,p]haps1 to-morr[1 ,i w take up ! subject aga94 ,! read] n[ w obs]ve t ! gr& peculi>ity ( ! in/ructions giv5 by ?is la/ tea*]1 z di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! fir/1 consi/s 9 ?is2 t ! p>ts ( ! subject are pres5t$ 9 detail1 & 9 p>ticul> exemplification4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ! :ole subject 0 despat*$ 9 a s+le1 g5]al1 & compreh5sive description2 9 ! latt]1 x is exam9$ m9utely1 "o po9t be+ br\ght =w>d at a "t4 ,! discussions are enliv5$ too1 by meet+ & remov+ su* little difficulties1 z w naturally come up1 9 su* an inve/igation4 ,boys & girls w take an int]e/ 9 su* a lecture2 !y w regret to h x come to a conclusion1 & w give _! att5tion :5 ! subject is aga9 br\ght =w>d1 on ! foll[+ day4 ,let u suppose ! "t = cont9u+ ! ex]cise to h arriv$4 ,! tea*] resumes ! discussion ?us4 ,i 0 talk+ to y ye/]day ab\t ! motives ( action2 h[ _m _h ,i made8 ,"s say1 ,f\r1 "s ,five1 "s ,six4 ,c y "n any ( !m8 ,! boys attempt to recollect !m1 & !y give ! names 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y accid5tally occur to ! v>i\s individuals4 ,( c\rse1 ! words ,fe>1 ,emulation1 ,honor1 ,fri5d%ip1 & o!rs1 come 9 confus$ & irregul> s\nds1 f e "p ( ! s*ool-room4 ,y d n recollect ! ord]1 says ! tea*]1 & x is ( no consequ5ce1 = ! ord] ,i nam$ 0 only accid5tal4 ,n[ to g on ) my acc\nt2 suppose all ^! boys to sit d[n1 & g to writ+1 ea* "o act+ "u ! impulse ( ! motive :i* _h be5 pres5t$ to him individually4 ,b 9 ord] to make ! supposition answ] my purpose1 ,i mu/ add two o!r cases4 ,i w imag9e t "o ( ^! boys is call$ away1 a few m9utes1 & leaves 8 pap] on 8 desk1 & t ano!r boy1 ( an ill-natur$ & morose disposition1 happ5+ to pass by & see 8 pap]1 ?9ks he w sit d[n & write ^u x a few l9es1 j to plague & vex ! "o :o 0 call$ away4 ,we w also suppose t ,i call ano!r boy to me1 :o1 ,i h reason to believe1 is a s9c]e ,*ri/ian1 & say to him1 ',"h is a new duty = y to p]=m ?is aft]noon4 ,?is piece ( poetry is to be copi$2 n[ d x c>efully & fai?fully4 ,y "k t ?is morn+ y committ$ y\rself to ,god's c>e dur+ ! day2 n[ rememb] he has be5 wat*+ y all ! "t1 ?us f>1 & he w be notic+ y all ! "t y are do+ ?is2 he w be pleas$ if y d y\r duty fai?fully4' ,! boys ?us all g to writ+4 ,n[ suppose a /rang] %\ld come 91 & see+ !m all busy1 %\ld say to me1 ',:at are all ^! boys do+8' ',!y are writ+4' ',:at are !y writ+8' ',!y are writ+ a piece ( poetry4' ',!y seem to be v busy2 !y are v indu/ri\s1 good boys4' ',oh no6 x is n by any means c]ta9 t !y are good boys4' ',i mean t !y are good boys n[2 t !y are do+ "r at ?is "t4' ',t is n c]ta92 "s ( !m are do+ "r & "s are do+ v wrong2 ?\gh !y are all writ+ ! same piece ( poetry4' ,! /rang] w\ld p]haps look surpris$ :ile ,i said ?is1 & w\ld ask an explanation1 & ,i might prop]ly reply z foll[s4 ',:e!r ! boys are1 at ?is mom5t1 do+ "r1 or wrong1 dep5ds n s mu* ^u :at !y are do+1 z ^u ! feel+s ( ! he>t ) :i* !y are do+ x4 ,i ackn[l$ge t !y are all do+ ! same ?+ outw>dly1--!y are all writ+ ! same extract1 & !y are all do+ x att5tively & c>efully1 b !y are ?9k+ ( v diff]5t ?+s4' ',:at are !y ?9k+ (8' ,d y see t boy8' ,i might say1 po9t+ to "o ( !m4 ,8 "n is ,m4' ,he is writ+ = money4 ,he is say+ to himself all ! "t1 ',i hope ,i %all get ! qu>t] ( a doll>4' ,he is calculat+ :at he %all buy ) x1 & e good or bad lett] t he makes1 he is consid]+ ! *ance :e!r he %all succe$ or fail 9 obta9+ x4' ',:at is ! next boy to him ?9k+ (8' ',8 "n is ,b4 ,he is copy+ to oblige a little fell[1 :om he sc>cely kn[s1 & is try+ to make 8 copy h&some s z to give him pleasure4 ,he is ?9k+ h[ gratifi$ 8 s*oolmate w be :5 he receives x1 & is =m+ plans to get acqua9t$ ) him4' ,d y see t boy 9 ! back seat4 ,he has malici\sly tak5 ano!r boy's place j to spoil 8 "w4 ,he kn[s too t he is break+ ! rules ( ! s*ool1 9 be+ out ( 8 place1 b he /ays1 not)/&+1 & is delight+ himself ) ?9k+ h[ disappo9t$ & sad 8 s*oolmate w be1 :5 he comes 9 & f9ds 8 "w spoil$1 because he 0 dep5d+ on do+ x all himself4' ',i see1' ! /rang] might say by ?is "t1 't !re is a great diff]5ce among ^! boys2 h y told me ab\t !m all8' ',no1' ,i might reply1 '!re are sev]al o!rs4 ,i w only m5tion "o m4 ,he sits 9 ! middle ( ! second desk4 ,he is writ+ c>efully1 simply because he wi%es to d 8 duty & please ,god4 ,he ?9ks t ,god is pres5t1 & loves him1 & takes c>e ( him1 & he is ob$i5t & grateful 9 return4 ,i d n mean t he is all ! "t ?9k+ ( ,god1 b love to him is 8 motive ( ef=t4' ,d y see n[1 boys1 :at ,i mean to tea* y by ?is long supposition8 ,yes sir4 ,i presume y d4 ,p]haps x w\ld be difficult = y to express x 9 words1 ,i c express x 9 g5]al t]ms1 ?us1 ,our *>act]s dep5d n on :at we d1 b on ! _s & motive ) :i* we d x4 ,:at ,i h be5 say+ ?r[s light ^u "o important v]se 9 ! ,bible1 :i* ,i %\ld l to h read4 ,james h y a ,bible 9 y\r desk8 ,yes sir4 ,w y turn to #a ,samuel xvi3 #g4 & !n rise & read x4 ,read x l\d1 s t all ! s*ool c he>4 ,james reads z foll[s4 ,,man ,,looke? ,,on ,,! ,,outw>d ,,appe>ance1 ,,b ,,god ,,looke? ,,on ,,! ,,he>t4 ,?is is ! way to rea* ! intellect & ! he>t ( ! "y4 ,g into detail4 ,expla9 tru? & duty1 n 9 an ab/ract =m1 b exhibit x1 9 actual & liv+ examples4 7#c47 ,be v cauti\s h[ y br+ 9 ! awful sanctions ( religion1 to assi/ y directly1 9 ! discipl9e ( y\r s*ool4 ,y w d]ive a mo/ p[]ful indirect assi/ance1 f ! influ5ce ( religion 9 ! little community :i* y gov]n4 ,b ?is w be1 ?r\gh ! preval5ce ( its _s 9 ! he>ts ( y\r pupils1 & n f any assi/ance :i* y c usually d]ive f x 9 manag+ p>ticul> cases ( transgression4 ,_m tea*]s make great mi/akes 9 ?is respect4 ,a bad boy1 :o has done some?+ op5ly & directly subv]sive ( ! good ord] ( ! s*ool1 or ! rights ( 8 companions1 is call$ be=e ! ma/]1 :o ?9ks t ! mo/ p[]ful weapon to wield aga9/ him is ! ,bible4 ,s :ile ! trembl+ culprit /&s be=e him1 he adm9i/]s to him a repro(1 :i* consi/s ( an almo/ ludicr\s mixture ( scold+1 entreaty1 religi\s in/ruction1 & ?reat5+ ( puni%m5t4 ,b su* an occasion z ?is is no "t to t\* a bad boy's he>t4 ,he is /eel$1 at su* a mom5t1 aga9/ any ?+ b mortification1 & ! desire to get out ( ! h&s ( ! ma/]2 & he has an impression1 t ! tea*] appeals to religi\s pr9ciples1 only to assi/ him to su/a9 8 own au?ority4 ,( c\rse1 religi\s tru?1 at su* a "t1 c make no good impression4 ,!re may be exceptions to ?is rule4 ,!re d\btless are4 ,i h f\nd "s2 & e successful tea*] :o reads ?is1 w probably call "s to m9d1 "s :i* h occurr$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,i am only speak+ ( :at ought to be ! g5]al rule1 :i* is1 to res]ve religi\s tru?s = mom5ts ( a diff]5t "* altoge!r4 ,br+ ! pr9ciples ( ! ,bible =w>d :5 ! m9d is calm1 :5 ! emotions are quiet$1 & all )9 is at re/2 & 9 exhibit+ !m1 be actuat$ n by a desire to make y\r duties ( gov]nm5t easi]1 b to promote ! real & p]man5t happ9ess ( y\r *>ge4 7#d47 ,d n be eag] to draw f y\r pupils1 an expression ( _! p]sonal int]e/ 9 religi\s tru?4 ,lay be=e !m1 & en=ce1 by all ! means 9 y\r p[]1 ! pr9ciples ( *ri/ian duty1 b d n conv]se ) !m = ! purpose ( gratify+ y\r curiosity 9 reg>d to _! piety1 or y\r spiritual pride by c\nt+ up ! numb]s ( ^? :o h be5 l$ to piety by y\r influ5ce4 ,beg9n+ to act f *ri/ian pr9ciples is ! beg9n+ ( a new life1 & x may be an int]e/+ subject ( inquiry to y1 to asc]ta9 h[ _m ( y\r pupils h exp]i5c$ ! *ange4 ,b1 9 _m cases1 x w\ld m]ely gratify curiosity to "k4 ,!re is no "q too1 t 9 v _m in/ances1 ! fa9t glimm]+ ( religi\s int]e/1 :i* w\ld h k9dl$ into a bright flame1 is ext+ui%$ at once & p]haps = ev]1 by ! r\gh inquiries ( a religi\s fri5d4 ,besides if y make inquiries1 & =m a def9ite op9ion ( y\r pupils1 !y w "k t ?is is y\r practice1 & _m a "o w repose 9 ! belief t y consid] him or h] a ,*ri/ian1 & y w ?us increase ! numb]1 already un=tunately too l>ge1 ( ^?1 :o ma9ta9 ! =m & pret5ces ( piety1 )\t its p[]2 ^: he>ts are fill$ ) self-suffici5cy & spiritual pride1 & p]haps zeal = ! tru?s & ext]nal duties ( religion1 :ile ! real _s ( piety has no place !re4 ,!y tru/ to "s imag9>y *ange1 long s9ce pass$ by1 & :i* has prov$ to be spuri\s by its fail+ ( its fruits4 ,! be/ way1 9 fact ! only way1 to gu>d aga9/ ?is dang]1 especially ) ! "y1 is to %[1 by y\r mann] ( speak+ & act+ on ?is subject1 at all times1 t y reg>d a truly religi\s life1 z ! only evid5ce ( piety2--& t consequ5tly1 h[ev] mu* int]e/ y\r pupils may app>5tly take 9 religi\s in/ruction1 !y _c "k1 & y _c "k1 :e!r ,*ri/ian pr9ciple reigns )9 !m1 9 any o!r way ?an by foll[+ !m ?r\gh life & obs]v+ h[1 & ) :at _s1 ! v>i\s duties ( x are p]=m$4 ,!re are v _m fallaci\s indications ( piety2 s fallaci\s & s plausible1 t !re are v few1 ev5 among intellig5t ,*ri/ians1 :o are n (t5 greatly deceiv$4 ,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m1 said ! ,savi\r1 a direction suffici5tly pla91 "o w\ld ?9k1 & po9t+ to a te/1 suffici5tly easy to be appli$4 ,b x is sl[ & t$i\s "w to wait = fruits2 & we accord+ly seek a crit]ion1 :i* w help u quick] to a result4 ,y see y\r pupil s]i\s & ?\ghtful4 ,x is well3 b x is n pro( ( piety4 ,y see him deeply int]e/$ :5 y speak ( 8 obligations to 8 ,mak]1 & ! duties he owes to him4 ,?is is well2 b x is no pro( ( piety4 ,y "k he reads 8 ,bible daily & (f]s 8 morn+ & ev5+ pray]s4 ,:5 y speak to him ( ,god's goodness1 & ( 8 pa/ +ratitude1 8 bosom heaves ) emotion1 & ! te> /&s 9 8 eye4 ,x is all well4 ,y may hope t he is go+ to devote 8 life to ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,b y _c "k2 y _c ev5 believe1 ) any great confid5ce4 ,^! appe>ances are n piety4 ,!y are n conclusive evid5ces ( x4 ,!y are only1 9 ! "y1 fa9t gr\nds ( hope1 t ! g5u9e fruits ( piety w appe>4 ,i am aw>e t !re are _m p]sons1 s habituat$ to judg+ ) confid5ce ( ! piety ( o!rs1 f "s su* indications z ,i h describ$1 t !y w ?9k ,i c>ry my cautions to ! extreme4 ,p]haps ,i d2 b ! ,savi\r said1 ,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m1 & x is safe/ to foll[ 8 direction4 ,by ! ^w fruits1 h[ev]1 our ,savi\r unque/ionably does n mean1 ! m]e moral virtues ( ?is life4 ,! fruits to be look$ at1 are ! fruits ( piety1 t is1 indications ( p]man5t atta*m5t to ! ,creator1 & a desire to obey 8 comm&s4 ,we mu/ look = ^!4 ,!re is no objection to y\r giv+ p>ticul> individuals special in/ruction1 adapt$ to _! wants & circum/ances4 ,y may d ?is1 by writ+1 or 9 o!r ways1 b d n lead !m to make up _! m9ds fully t !y are ,*ri/ians1 9 su* a s5se z to induce !m to feel t ! "w is done4 ,let !m und]/& t becom+ a ,*ri/ian is beg9n+ a "w1 n f9i%+ x4 ,be cauti\s h[ y =m an op9ion ev5 y\rself on ! "q ( ! g5u95ess ( _! piety4 ,be cont5t n to "k4 ,y w be m fai?ful & wat*ful if y consid] x unc]ta91 & !y w be m fai?ful & wat*ful too4 7#e47 ,br+1 v fully & frequ5tly1 be=e y\r pupils ! practical duties ( religion 9 all _! details1 especially _! duties at home2 to _! p>5ts & to _! bro!rs & si/]s4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 all[ !m to mi/ake morality = religion4 ,%[ !m cle>ly :at piety is1 9 its ess5ce1 & ?is y c d mo/ successfully by exhibit+ its effects4 7#f47 ,f9ally let me ins]t z ! key/one ( all t ,i h be5 say+ 9 ?is *apt]1 be s9c]e1 & ard5t1 & consi/5t1 9 y\r own piety4 ,! :ole /ructure :i* ,i h be5 attempt+ to build1 w tumble into ru9s )\t ?is4 ,be con/antly wat*ful & c>eful1 n only to ma9ta9 intimate communion ) ,god1 & to r5ew x daily 9 y\r seasons ( retirem5t1 b gu>d y\r conduct4 ,let piety control & regulate x4 ,%[ y\r pupils t x makes y amiable1 pati5t1 =be>+1 b5evol5t 9 little ?+s1 z well z 9 great ?+s1 & y\r example w co-op]ate ) y\r in/ructions1 & allure y\r pupils to walk 9 ! pa?s :i* y tread4 ,b no cle>ness & fai?fulness 9 religi\s tea*+ w atone = ! injury :i* a bad example w effect4 ,conduct speaks l\d] ?an words1 & no p]sons are m %rewd ?an ! "y1 to discov] ! holl[ness ( empty pr(essions1 & ! he>tlessness ( m]e pret5d$ int]e/ 9 _! good4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i am aw>e t ?is book may fall into ! h&s ( "s1 :o may take little int]e/ 9 ! subject ( ?is *apt]4 ,to su* ,i may p]haps owe an apology1 = hav+ ?us fully discuss$ a topic1 9 :i* only a "p ( my read]s c be suppos$ to be int]e/$4 ,my apology is ?is4 ,x is obvi\s & unque/ionable t we all owe allegiance to ! ,supreme4 ,x is s obvi\s & unque/ionable1 z to be entirely beyond ! necessity ( pro(1 = x is pla9 t no?+ b su* a bond ( union1 c keep ! peace1 among ! millions ( di/9ct intellig5ces ) :i* ! creation is fill$4 ,x is !re=e ! pla9 duty ( e man1 to e/abli% t connexion betwe5 himself & 8 ,mak]1 :i* ! ,bible requires1 & to d :at he c to br+ o!rs to ! peace & happ9ess ( piety4 ,^! tru?s are s pla9 t !y admit ( no discussion & no d5ial1 & x seems to me highly unsafe1 = any man to neglect or to po/pone ! p]=mance ( ! duty :i* arises f !m4 ,a /ill great] haz>d is incurr$1 :5 su* a man hav+ =ty or fifty fell[ be+s almo/ entirely "u 8 influ5ce1 leads !m1 by 8 example1 away f _! ,mak]1 & s f>1 t he mu/ 9 _m cases hopelessly confirm ! sep>ation4 ,) ^! views ,i c\ld n1 :5 writ+ on ! duties ( a tea*] ( ! "y1 refra9 f br++ di/9ctly to view1 ?is1 :i* has s imp]i\s a claim4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,mt4 ,,v]non ,,s*ool4 ,!re is p]haps no way1 by :i* tea*]s c1 9 a giv5 "t1 d m to acquire a k ( _! art1 & an int]e/ 9 x1 ?an by visit+ ea* o!rs s*ools4 ,x is n always ! case1 t any ?+ is obs]v$ by ! visit]1 :i* he c directly & :olly introduce into 8 own s*ool2 b :at he sees1 sugge/s to him modifications or *anges1 & x gives him1 at any rate1 r5ew$ /r5g? & resolution 9 8 "w1 to see h[ simil> objects are accompli%$1 or simil> difficulties remov$1 by o!rs4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght1 t !re ought on ?is acc\nt1 to be f> great] fre$om & frequ5cy 9 ! int]*ange ( visits1 ?an !re is4 ,next1 h[ev]1 to a visit to a s*ool1 comes ! read+ ( a vivid description ( x4 ,i d n mean a cold1 !oretical exposition ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ( its managem5t & in/ruction1 = ^! are ess5tially ! same1 9 all good s*ools4 ,i mean a m9ute acc\nt ( ! plans & arrangem5ts by :i* ^! g5]al pr9ciples are appli$4 ,suppose tw5ty1 ( ! mo/ successful tea*]s 9 ,new ,engl& w\ld write su* a description1 ea* ( 8 own s*ool1 h[ valuable w\ld be ! volume :i* %\ld conta9 !m6 ,) ^! views1 ,i h conclud$ to devote "o *apt] to a description ( ! s*ool :i* has be5 = f\r ye>s "u my c>e4 ,! acc\nt 0 orig9ally prep>$ & pr9t$1 b n publi%$1 = ! purpose ( di/ribution among ! s*ol>s1 simply because ?is seem$ to be ! easie/ & sure/ me?od ( mak+ !m1 on _! admission to ! s*ool1 acqua9t$ ) its arrangem5ts & plans4 ,x is address$1 !re=e1 ?r\gh\t1 to a pupil1 & ,i pres]ve its orig9al =m1 z1 by its be+ address$ to pupils1 & int5d$ to influ5ce !m1 x is an example ( ! mode ( address1 & ! k9d ( influ5ce recomm5d$ 9 ?is "w4 ,x 0 *iefly design$ = new s*ol>s2 a copy ( x 0 pres5t$ to ea*1 on ! day ( h] admission to ! s*ool1 & x 0 made h] fir/ duty to read x att5tively4 ,! sy/em :i* x describes is "o1 :i* gradually grew up 9 ! in/itution "u ! writ]'s c>e4 ,! s*ool 0 comm5c$ ) a small numb] ( pupils1 & )\t any sy/em or plan :atev]1 & ! "o "h describ$1 0 =m$ ins5sibly & by sl[ degrees1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( v>i\s & accid5tal circum/ances4 ,i h no idea t x is sup]ior to ! plans ( gov]nm5t & in/ruction adopt$ 9 _m o!r s*ools4 ,x is true t !re mu/ necess>ily be "s sy/em 9 e l>ge s*ool2 b v>i\s in/ruct]s w fall ^u diff]5t pr9ciples ( organization1 :i* w naturally be su* z are adapt$ to ! habits ( ?\ght & mann] ( in/ruction ( _! respective au?ors1 & consequ5tly ea* w be be/ = its own place4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 "s sy/em1--"s me?odical arrangem5t1 is necess>y 9 all s*ools1 x is n necess>y t x %\ld be ! same 9 all4 ,x is n ev5 desirable t x %\ld be4 ,i consid] ?is plan1 z only "o among a multitude ( o!rs1 ea* ( :i* w be successful1 n by ! p[] ( its intr9sic qualities1 b j 9 proportion to ! ability & fai?fulness ) :i* x is c>ri$ into effect4 ,!re may be features ( ?is plan1 :i* tea*]s :o may read x1 may be incl9$ to adopt4 ,9 o!r cases sugge/ions may occur to ! m9d ( ! read]1 :i* may modify 9 "s degree 8 pres5t plans4 ,o!rs may m]ely be int]e/$ 9 see+ h[ o!rs effect1 :at !y1 by easy me?ods1 are equally successful 9 effect+4 ,x is 9 ^!1 & simil> ways1 t ,i h (t5 myself be5 highly b5efit$ 9 visit+ s*ools1 & 9 read+ descriptions ( !m2 & x is = su* purposes1 t ,i ins]t ! acc\nt "h4 ,,to ,a ,,new ,,s*ol>1 ,,on ,,h] ,,admission ,,to ,,! ,,mt4 ,,v]non ,,s*ool4 ,z a l>ge s*ool is necess>ily some:at complicat$ 9 its plan1 & z new s*ol>s usually f9d t x requires "s "t1 & gives !m no little tr\ble1 to und]/& ! arrangem5ts !y f9d 9 op]ation "h1 ,i h conclud$ to write a brief description ( ^! arrangem5ts1 by help ( :i*1 y w1 ,i hope1 ! soon] feel at home 9 y\r new place ( duty4 ,t ,i may be m di/9ct & specific1 ,i %all class :at ,i h to say1 "u sep>ate heads4 ,i4 ,,y\r ,,p]sonal ,,duty4 ,y\r fir/ anxiety z y come into ! s*ool-room1 & take y\r seat among ! busy multitude1 if y are consci5ti\sly desir\s ( do+ y\r duty1 w be1 le/1 ignorant z y are ( ! :ole plan & ( all ! regulations ( ! in/itution1 y %\ld inadv]t5tly d :at w be consid]$ wrong4 ,i wi% fir/ !n to put y at re/ on ?is score4 ,!re is b "o rule ( ?is s*ool4 ,t y c easily keep4 ,y w obs]ve on "o side ( my desk a clock ^u ! wall1 & ^u ! o!r a piece ( app>atus t is probably new to y4 ,x is a metallic plate ^u :i* are m>k$ 9 gild$ lett]s1 ! words ,/udy ,h\rs4 ,?is is upright1 b x is s atta*$ by its l[] edge to its support1 by means ( a h+e1 t x c fall ov] f above1 & ?us be 9 a horizontal position2 or x w re/ 9 an incl9$ position1--half d[n1 z x is call$4 ,x is drawn up & let d[n by a cord pass+ ov] a pulley4 ,:5 x passes ei!r way1 its upp] "p t\*es a bell1 :i* gives all 9 ! room notice ( its motion4 ,n[ :5 ?is ,/udy ,c>d,c z ! s*ol>s call x1 is up s t ! words ,,/udy ,,h\rs are pres5t$ to ! view ( ! s*ool1 x is ! signal = sil5ce & /udy4 ,,!re ,,is ,,!n ,,to ,,be ,,no ,,communication ,,& ,,no ,,leav+ ,,( ,,seats ,,except ,,at ,,! ,,direction ,,( ,,tea*]s4 ,footnote ,c3 ,?is app>atus has be5 previ\sly describ$4 ,see p4 #dj4 ,:5 x is half d[n1 ea* s*ol> may leave h] seat & :isp]1 b %e mu/ d no?+ :i* w di/urb o!rs4 ,:5 x is d[n1 all ! duties ( s*ool are susp5d$ & s*ol>s are left entirely to _! lib]ty4 ,z ?is is ! only rule ( ! s*ool1 x des]ves a little m full explanation2 = n only y\r progress 9 /udy1 b y\r influ5ce 9 promot+ ! welf>e ( ! s*ool1 & consequ5tly y\r peace & happ9ess :ile y are a memb] ( x1 w dep5d ^u ! /rictness ) :i* y obs]ve x4 ,:5ev]1 !n1 ! /udy c>d goes up1 & y he> ! s\nd ( its little bell1 imm$iately & in/antane\sly /op1 :atev] y are say+4 ,if y are away f y\r seat g directly to x1 & !re rema91 & =get 9 y\r own sil5t & solit>y /udies1 s f> z y c1 all t are ar\nd y4 ,y w rememb] t all communication is =bidd54 ,:isp]+1 mak+ signs1 writ+ ^u pap] or a slate1 b[+ to any "o1--& 9 fact1 e possible way1 by :i* "o p]son may h any sort ( m5tal int]c\rse ) ano!r1 is wrong4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! s*ol>s take a pride & pleasure 9 c>ry+ ?is rule into z p]fect an obs]vance z possible4 ,!y say1 t z ?is is ! only rule ) :i* ,i tr\ble !m1 !y ought c]ta9ly to obs]ve ?is fai?fully4 ,i myself h[ev] put x ^u o!r gr\nd4 ,i am satisfi$1 t x is bett] & pleasant] = y to obs]ve x mo/ rigidly1 if x is attempt$ to be en=c$ at all4 ,y w ask1 ,_c we obta9 p]mission ( y or ( ! tea*]s to leave our seats or to :isp]1 if x is necess>y8 ,! answ] is1 ,no4 ,y mu/ nev] ask p]mission ( me or ( ! tea*]s4 ,y c leave seats or speak at ! direction ( ! tea*]s1 i4 e4 :5 !y ( _! own accord1 ask y to d x1 b y are nev] to ask _! p]mission4 ,if y %\ld1 & if any tea*]s %\ld give y p]mission1 x w\ld be ( no avail4 ,i h nev] giv5 !m au?ority to grant any p]missions ( ! k9d4 ,y w !n say1 are we nev] on any occasion :atev] to leave our seats 9 /udy h\rs8 ,yes y are4 ,!re are two ways4 #a4 ,at ! direction ( tea*]s4 ,go+ to & f recitations1 is consid]$ z at ! direction ( tea*]s4 ,s if a p]son is reque/$ by a tea*] to transact any bus9ess1 or is elect$ to a public (fice1 or appo9t$ ^u a committee1--leav+ seats or speak+1 s f> z is really necess>y = ! accompli%+ su* a purpose1 is consid]$ z at ! direction ( tea*]s1 & is consequ5tly "r4 ,9 ! same mann]1 if a tea*] %\ld ask y individually1 or give g5]al notice to ! memb]s ( class to come to h] seat = private in/ruction1 or to g to any "p ( ! s*ool-room = h]1 x w\ld be "r to d x4 ,! di/9ction1 y obs]ve1 is ?is4 ,! tea*] may ( h] own accord1 direct any leav+ ( seats :i* %e may ?9k necess>y to accompli% ! objects ( ! s*ool4 ,%e mu/ n h[ev]1 at ! reque/ ( an individual = ! sake ( h] m]e private conv5i5ce1 give h] p]mission to speak or to leave h] seat4 ,if = example a tea*] %\ld say to y 9 y\r class1 ,z soon z y h p]=m$ a c]ta9 "w y may br+ x to me1--y w\ld 9 br++ x1 be act+ "u h] direction & w\ld consequ5tly d "r4 ,if h[ev] y %\ld want a p5cil & %\ld ask h] to give y leave to borr[ x1 ev5 if %e %\ld give y leave1 y w\ld d wrong to g1 = y w\ld n be act+ at h] direction1 b simply by h] cons5t1 & %e has no au?ority to grant cons5t4 #b4 ,! second case 9 :i* y may leave y\r seat is :5 "s v uncommon occurr5ce takes place :i* is suffici5t reason = susp5d+ all rules4 ,if y\r neighbor is fa9t1 y may speak to h] & if necess>y lead h] out4 ,if y\r "m or "s o!r fri5d %\ld come into ! s*ool-room y c g & sit ) h] ^u ! s(a1 & talk ab\t ! s*ool4 ,& s 9 _m o!r simil> cases4 ,be v c>eful n to abuse ?is privilege1 & make slight causes ! gr\nds ( y\r exceptions4 ,x ought to be a v cle> case4 ,if a "y lady is unwell 9 a trifl+ degree1 s z to ne$ no assi/ance1 y w\ld evid5tly d wrong to talk to h]4 ,! rule1 9 fact1 is v simil> to t :i* all well br$ p obs]ve at *ur*4 ,!y nev] speak or leave _! seats unless "s really important cause1 su* z sickness1 requires !m to break ov] all rules & g out4 ,y h 9 ! same mann]1 9 really important cases1 su* z s]i\s sickness 9 y\r own case or 9 t ( y\r companions1 or ! com+ 9 ( a /rang]1 or any ?+ else equally extraord9>y1 p[] to lay aside any rule & to act z ! em]g5cy may require4 ,9 us+ ?is discretion h[ev]1 be sure to be on ! safe side2 9 su* cases nev] ask p]mission4 ,y mu/ act on y\r own responsibility4 ,reasons = ?is rule4 ,:5 ! s*ool 0 fir/ e/abli%$1 !re 0 no absolute prohibition ( :isp]+4 ,ea* s*ol> 0 all[$ to :isp] 9 relation to h] /udies4 ,!y 7 (t51 v (t51 enjo9$ to be consci5ti\s & fai?ful1 b z might h be5 anticipat$1 ! exp]im5t fail$4 ,x 0 almo/ univ]sally ! practice to :isp] m or less ab\t subjects entirely =eign to ! bus9ess ( ! s*ool4 ,?is !y all repeat$ly ackn[l$g$2 & ! s*ol>s almo/ unanim\sly admitt$1 t ! good ( ! s*ool requir$ ! prohibition ( all communication dur+ c]ta9 h\rs4 ,i gave !m _! *oice1 ei!r always to ask p]mission :5 !y wi%$ to speak1 or to h a c]ta9 "t all[$ = ! purpose1 dur+ :i* free int]-communication might be all[$ to all ! s*ool2--) ! und]/&+1 h[ev]1 t out ( ?is "t1 no p]mission %\ld ev] be ask$ or grant$4 ,!y v wisely *ose ! latt] plan1 & ! /udy c>d 0 con/ruct$ & put up to m>k ! times ( free communication1 & ( sil5t /udy4 ,! c>d 0 at fir/ d[n e half h\r = "o or two m9utes4 ,! s*ol>s aft]w>ds ?9k+1 t _! intellectual habits w\ld be improv$ & ! welf>e ( ! s*ool promot$1 by _! hav+ a long] "t = un9t]rupt$ /udy1 ( _! own accord1 )\t any influ5ce f me1 propos$ t ! c>d %\ld be d[n only once an h\r4 ,?is plan 0 adopt$ by !m1 by vote4 ,i wi% x to be und]/ood t x 0 n my plan1 b !irs1 & t ,i am at any "t will+ to h ! /udy c>d d[n once 9 half an h\r1 :5ev] a majority ( ! s*ol>s1 vot+ by ballot1 desire x4 ,y w f9d t ?is sy/em ( hav+ a di/9ct "t = :isp]+1 :5 all may :isp] freely1 all communication be+ entirely exclud$ at o!r times1 w at fir/ give y "s tr\ble4 ,x w be h>d = y1 if y are n accu/om$ to x1 to le>n consci5ti\sly & fai?fully to comply4 ,besides1 at fir/ y w (t5 ne$ "s little in=mation1 or an article :i* y might obta9 9 a mom5t1 b :i* y _c innoc5tly ask = till ! c>d is d[n1 & ?is might keep y wait+ an h\r4 ,y w1 h[ev]1 aft] a few su* in/ances1 soon le>n to make y\r prep>ations be=e h&1 & if y are a girl ( enl>g$ views & elevat$ feel+s1 y w good humor$ly acquiesce 9 suff]+ a little inconv5i5ce y\rself1 = ! sake ( help+ to pres]ve ^? di/9ct & well def9$ l9es1 by :i* all b\nd>ies mu/ be m>k$1 9 a l>ge e/abli%m5t1 if ord] & sy/em are to be pres]v$ at all4 ,?\gh at fir/ y may exp]i5ce a little inconv5i5ce1 y w soon take pleasure 9 ! sci5tific /rictness ( ! plan4 ,x w gratify y to obs]ve ! pr(\nd /illness ( ! room :]e a hundr$ are /udy+4 ,y w take pleasure 9 obs]v+ ! sudd5 transition f ! sil5ce ( /udy h\rs to ! joyful s\nds1 & ! animat+ activity ( recess1 :5 ! ,/udy ,c>d goes d[n2 & !n :5 x rises aga9 at ! close ( ! recess1 y w be gratifi$ to obs]ve h[ sudd5ly ! s\nds :i* h fill$ ! air & made ! room s lively a sc5e are hu%$ into sil5ce by ! s+le & almo/ inaudible t\* ( t little bell4 ,y w take pleasure 9 ?is1 = "y & old always take pleasure 9 ! /rict & rigid op]ation ( sy/em1 r ?an 9 laxity & disord]4 ,i am conv9c$ also t ! s*ol>s d l ! op]ation ( ?is plan = ,i d n h to make any ef=ts to su/a9 x4 ,) ! exception t occasionally1 usually n (t5] ?an once 9 sev]al mon?s1 ,i allude to ! subject1 & t *iefly on acc\nt ( a few c>eless & unfai?ful individuals1 ,i h little to say or to d to ma9ta9 ! au?ority ( ! /udy c>d4 ,mo/ ( ! s*ol>s obey x ( _! own accord1 implicitly & cordially4 ,& ,i believe !y consid] ?is fai?ful monitor1 n only "o ( ! mo/ useful1 b "o ( ! mo/ agreeable fri5ds !y h4 ,we %\ld n only regret its s]vices1 b miss its company1 if x %\ld be tak5 away4 ,?is regulation !n1 viz41 to ab/a9 f all communication ) "o ano!r1 & f all leav+ ( seats1 at c]ta9 times :i* are m>k$ by ! position ( ! ,/udy ,c>d1 is ! only "o :i* c prop]ly be call$ a rule ( ! s*ool4 ,!re are a great _m arrangem5ts & plans relat+ to ! in/ruction ( ! pupils1 b no o!r specific rules relat+ to _! conduct4 ,y are1 ( c\rse1 :ile 9 ! s*ool1 "u ! same moral obligations :i* re/ ^u y else:]e4 ,y mu/ be k9d to "o ano!r1 respectful to sup]iors1 & quiet & ord]ly 9 y\r deportm5t4 ,y mu/ d no?+ to encroa* ^u ano!r's rights1 or to int]rupt & di/urb y\r companions 9 _! pursuits4 ,y mu/ n produce disord]1 or be wa/eful ( ! public prop]ty1 or d any ?+ else :i* y might "k is 9 itself wrong4 ,b y are to avoid ^! ?+s1 n because !re are any rules 9 ?is s*ool aga9/ !m1 = !re are none2--b because !y are 9 !mselves wrong2--9 all places & "u all circum/ances1 wrong4 ,! univ]sal & un*angeable pr9ciples ( duty are ! same "h z else:]e4 ,i d n make rules po9t+ !m out1 b expect t y w1 ?r\gh y\r own consci5ce & moral pr9ciple1 discov] & obey !m4 ,su* a case z ?is1 = example1 once occurr$4 ,a numb] ( little girls began to amuse !mselves 9 recess ) runn+ ab\t among ! desks 9 pursuit ( "o ano!r1 & !y told me1 9 excuse = x1 t !y did n "k t x 0 aga9/ ! rule4 ,x is n aga9/ ! rule2 said ,i1 ,i h nev] made any rule aga9/ runn+ ab\t among ! desks4 ,!n1 ask$ !y1 did we d wrong8 ,d y ?9k x w\ld be a good plan1 ,i inquir$1 to h x a common amusem5t 9 ! recess1 = ! girls to hunt ea* o!r among ! desks8 ,no sir1 !y repli$ simultane\sly4 ,:y n8 ,!re are "s reasons ,i d n "k1 h[ev] :e!r y w h ! +5uity to ?9k ( !m4 ,we may />t ! desks f _! places1 said "o4 ,yes1 said ,i1 !y are fa/5$ d[n v slightly1 s t ,i may easily alt] _! position4 ,we might upset ! ink/&s1 said ano!r4 ,sometimes1 add$ a ?ird1 we run aga9/ ! s*ol>s :o are sitt+ 9 _! seats4 ,x seems !n y h +5uity en\gh to discov] ! reasons4 ,:y did n ^! reasons prev5t y\r do+ x4 ,we did n ?9k ( !m be=e4 ,true2 t is ! exact /ate ( ! case4 ,n[ :5 p]sons are s eag] to promote _! own enjoym5t1 z to =get ! rights & ! com=ts ( o!rs1 x is selfi%ness4 ,n[ is !re any rule 9 ?is s*ool aga9/ selfi%ness4 ,no sir4 ,y are "r4 ,!re is n4 ,b selfi%ness is wrong1--v wrong1 9 :atev] =m x appe>s1--"h1 & e :]e else2 & t1 :e!r ,i make any rules aga9/ x or n4 ,y w see f ?is anecdote t ?\gh !re is b "o rule ( ! s*ool1 ,i by no means int5d to say t !re is only "o way ( do+ wrong "h4 ,t w\ld be v absurd4 ,y mu/ n d any ?+ :i* y may "k1 by prop] reflection1 to be 9 itself wrong4 ,?is h[ev] is an univ]sal pr9ciple ( duty1 n a rule ( ! ,mt4 ,v]non ,s*ool4 ,if ,i %\ld attempt to make rules :i* w\ld specify & prohibit e possible way by :i* y might d wrong1 my laws w\ld be innum]able4 ,& ev5 !n ,i %\ld fail ( secur+ my object1 unless y _h ! disposition to d y\r duty4 ,no legislation c enact laws z fa/ z a p]v]t$ +5uity c f9d means to evade !m4 ,y w p]haps ask :at w be ! consequ5ce if we transgress1 ei!r ! s+le rule ( ! s*ool1 or any ( ! great pr9ciples ( duty4 ,9 o!r words :at are ! puni%m5ts :i* are resort$ to 9 ! ,mt4 ,v]non ,s*ool8 ,! answ] is !re are no puni%m5ts4 ,i d n say t ,i %\ld n1 9 case all o!r means %\ld fail1 resort to ! mo/ decisive measures to secure ob$i5ce & subord9ation4 ,mo/ c]ta9ly1 ,i %\ld d s1 z x w\ld pla9ly be my duty to d x4 ,if y %\ld at any "t be s unhappy z to violate y\r obligations to y\rself1 to y\r companions1 or to me1--%\ld y misimprove y\r "t1 or exhibit an unk9d or a selfi% _s1 or be disrespectful or insubord9ate to y\r tea*]s1--,i %\ld g frankly & op5ly1 b k9dly to y1 & endeavor to conv9ce y ( y\r fault4 ,i %\ld v probably d ?is by address+ a note to y1 z ,i suppose ?is %\ld be less unpleasant to y ?an a conv]sation4 ,9 su* a case1 ,i %all hope t y w z frankly & op5ly reply2 tell+ me :e!r y admit y\r fault & are det]m9$ to am5d1 or else in=m+ me ( ! contr>y4 ,i %all wi% y to be s9c]e1 & !n ,i %all "k :at c\rse to take next4 ,b z to ! consequ5ces :i* may result to y if y %\ld p]si/ 9 :at is wrong1 x is n necess>y t y %\ld "k !m be=e h&4 ,!y :o w&] f duty1 always plunge !mselves into tr\bles !y d n anticipate2 & if y d :at1 at ! "t y are do+ x1 y "k to be wrong1 x w n be unju/ t y %\ld suff] ! consequ5ces1 ev5 if !y 7 n be=eh& und]/ood & expect$4 ,?is w be ! case ) y all ?r\gh life1 & x w be ! case "h4 ,i say x w be ! case "h2 ,i ought r to say t x w be ! case1 %\ld y be s unhappy z to d wrong & to p]si/ 9 x4 ,su* cases h[ev] nev] occur4 ,at lea/ !y occur s seldom1 & at int]vals s great1 t e ?+ ( ! nature ( puni%m5t1 t is1 ! depriv+ a pupil ( any enjoym5t1 or subject+ h] to any disgrace1 or giv+ h] pa9 9 any way 9 consequ5ce ( h] faults1 except ! simple pa9 ( awak5+ consci5ce 9 h] bosom is almo/ entirely unkn[n4 ,i hope t y w always be ready to confess & =sake y\r faults1 & endeavor :ile y rema9 9 s*ool1 to improve 9 "*1 & atta9 z f> z possible1 e moral excell5ce4 ,i ought to rem>k be=e dismiss+ ?is topic1 t ,i place v great confid5ce 9 ! s*ol>s 9 reg>d to _! moral conduct & deportm5t1 & !y fully des]ve x4 ,i h no c>e & no tr\ble 9 :at is commonly call$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! s*ool4 ,nei!r myself nor any "o else is employ$ 9 any way 9 wat*+ ! s*ol>s1 or keep+ any sort ( acc\nt ( !m4 ,i %\ld n at any "t hesitate to call all ! tea*]s 9 an adjo9+ room1 leav+ ! s*ool alone = half an h\r1 & ,i %\ld be confid5t1 t at su* a "t ord]1 & /illness1 & att5tion to /udy w\ld prevail z mu* z ev]4 ,! s*ol>s w\ld n look to see :e!r ,i 0 9 my desk1 b :e!r ! ,/udy ,c>d 0 up4 ,! s*ool 0 left 9 ?is way1 half an h\r e day1 dur+ a qu>t]1 t we might h a tea*]s' meet+1 & ! s*ool w5t on1 g5]ally q z well1 to say ! lea/1 z :5 ! tea*]s 7 pres5t4 ,"o or two in/ances ( irregul> conduct occurr$4 ,i d n n[ recollect precisely :at !y 74 ,!y 7 h[ev]1 fully ackn[l$g$ & n repeat$1 & ,i believe ! s*ol>s 7 g5]ally m scrupul\s & fai?ful !n ?an at o!r times4 ,!y w\ld n betray ! confid5ce repos$ 9 !m4 ,?is plan 0 cont9u$ until x 0 f\nd m conv5i5t to h ! tea*]s' meet+ 9 ! aft]noons4 ,:5 any ?+ wrong is done 9 s*ool1 ,i g5]ally /ate ! case & reque/ ! individuals :o h done x to let me "k :o !y are4 ,!y d x sometimes by notes & sometimes 9 conv]sation1--b !y always d x4 ,! plan always succe$s4 ,! s*ol>s all "k t !re is no?+ to be fe>$ f confess+ faults to me2--b t on ! o!r h&1 x is a mo/ direct & c]ta9 way to secure return+ peace & happ9ess4 ,i c illu/rate ?is by describ+ a case :i* actually occurr$4 ,?\gh ! description is n to be consid]$ s mu* an accurate acc\nt ( :at occurr$ 9 a p>ticul> case1 z an illu/ration ( ! g5]al _s & mann] 9 :i* su* cases are dispos$ (4 ,i accid5tally und]/ood1 t "s ( ! y\ng] s*ol>s 7 9 ! habit1 dur+ recesses & aft] s*ool1 ( r++ ! door bell & !n runn+ away to amuse !mselves ) ! p]plexity ( _! companions1 :o %\ld g to ! door & f9d no "o !re4 ,i expla9$ 9 a few words1 "o day1 to ! s*ool1 t ?is 0 wrong4 ,h[ _m1 ,i !n ask$1 h ev] be5 put to ! tr\ble to g to ! door1 :5 ! bell has ?us be5 rung8 ,!y may rise4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( s*ol>s /ood up4 ,^? :o _h done ! mis*ief 7 evid5tly surpris$ at ! ext5t ( ! tr\ble !y _h occasion$4 ,n[1 ,i cont9u$1 ,i ?9k all w be conv9c$ t ! tr\ble :i* ?is practice has occasion$ to ! fifty or sixty "y ladies1 :o _c be expect$ to f9d amusem5t 9 su* a way1 is f> great] ?an ! pleasure x c h giv5 to ! few :o are "y en\gh to h enjoy$ x4 ,!re=e x 0 wrong4 ,d y ?9k ! girls :o rang ! bell might h kn[n ?is1 by prop] reflection8 ,yes sir1 ! s*ool g5]ally answ]$4 ,i d n mean1 said ,i1 if !y _h set !mselves =mally at "w to ?9k ab\t ! subject2 b ) su* a degree ( reflection z ought reasonably to be expect$ ( little girls1 9 ! hil>ity ( recess & ( play4 ,yes sir1 0 /ill ! reply1 b fa9t] ?an be=e4 ,!re is "o way by :i* ,i might asc]ta9 :e!r y 7 old en\gh to "k t ?is 0 wrong1 & t is by ask+ ^? :o h refra9$ f do+ ?is1 because !y suppos$ x w\ld be wrong1 to rise4 ,!n if "s ( ! y\nge/ s*ol>s 9 s*ool %\ld /& up1 z ,i h no d\bt !y w\ld1 x w\ld prove t all might h kn[n1 if !y _h be5 equally consci5ti\s4 ,b if ,i ask ^? to rise :o h n rung ! bell1 ,i %all make kn[n to ! :ole s*ool :o !y are t h done x1 & ,i wi% t ! exposure ( faults %\ld be private1 unless x is necess>y t x %\ld be public4 ,i w !re=e n d x4 ,i h myself h[ev]1 no d\bt t all might h kn[n t x 0 wrong4 ,!re is1 cont9u$ ,i1 ano!r injury :i* mu/ gr[ out ( su* a practice4 ,?is ,i %\ld n h expect$ ! little girls c\ld ?9k (4 ,9 fact1 ,i d\bt :e!r any 9 s*ool w ?9k ( x4 ,c any "o tell :at x is8 ,no "o repli$4 ,i %\ld suppose t x w\ld lead y to disreg>d ! bell :5 x r+s1 & t consequ5tly a g5tleman or lady might sometimes r+ 9 va92 ! s*ol>s ne> ! door1 say+1 ',oh x is only ! little girls4' ,yes sir1 0 he>d f all p>ts ( ! room4 ,i f\nd f f>!r inquiry t ?is _h be5 ! case1 & ,i clos$ by say+1 ,i am satisfi$1 t ^? :o h inadv]t5tly fall5 into ?is practice are sorry = x1 & t if ,i %\ld leave x "h1 no m cases ( x w\ld occur1 & ?is is all ,i wi%4 ,at ! same "t1 !y :o h done ?is1 w feel m effectually reliev$ f ! pa9 :i* hav+ done wrong mu/ necess>ily give !m1 if !y individually ackn[l$ge x to me4 ,i wi% !re=e t all :o h done s1 w\ld write me notes /at+ ! facts4 ,if any "o does n d x1 %e w puni% h]self sev]ely1 = %e w feel = _m days to come1 t :ile h] companions 7 will+ to ackn[l$ge _! faults1 %e wi%$ to conceal & cov] h]s4 ,consci5ce w reproa* h] bitt]ly = h] ins9c]ity1 & :5ev] %e he>s ! s\nd ( ! door bell1 x w rem9d h] n only ( h] fault1 b ( :at is f> worse h] will+ness to appe> innoc5t :5 %e 0 really guilty4 ,be=e ! close ( ! s*ool ,i _h eight or t5 notes ackn[l$g+ ! fault1 describ+ ! circum/ances ( ea* case1 & express+ promises to d s no m4 ,x is by su* me?ods z ?is1 r ?an by ?reat5+ & puni%m5t1 t ,i manage ! cases ( discipl9e :i* f "t to "t occur1 b ev5 su* z ?is1 slight z x is1 occur v seldom4 ,weeks & weeks sometimes elapse )\t "o4 ,:5 !y d occur !y are always easily settl$ by confession & re=m4 ,sometimes ,i am ask$ to =give ! (f5ce4 ,b ,i nev] =give4 ,i h no p[] to =give4 ,god mu/ =give y :5 y d wrong1 or ! burd5 mu/ rema94 ,my duty is1 to take measures to prev5t future transgression1 & to lead ^? :o h be5 guilty ( x1 to ,god = p>don4 ,if !y d n g to him1 ?\gh !y may satisfy me1 z pr9cipal ( a s*ool1 by n repeat+ ! (f5ce1--!y mu/ rema9 un=giv54 ,i c =get1 & ,i d =get4 ,= example1 9 ?is la/ case1 ,i h n ! slighte/ recollection ( any individual :o 0 engag$ 9 x4 ,! evil 0 entirely remov$1 & _h x n af=d$ me a conv5i5t illu/ration "h1 p]haps ,i %\ld nev] h ?\ght ( x aga91--/ill x may n yet be =giv54 ,x may seem /range t ,i %\ld speak s s]i\sly ( ,god's =giv5ess = su* a trifle z t4 ,does he notice a *ild's r++ a door bell 9 play8 ,he notices :5 a *ild is will+ to yield to temptation1 to d :at %e kn[s to be wrong1 & to act1 ev5 9 ! slighte/ trifle1 f a selfi% disreg>d = ! conv5i5ce ( o!rs4 ,?is _s he always notices1 & ?\gh ,i may /op any p>ticul> =m ( its exhibition1 x is = ,him alone to =give x & to purify ! he>t f its p[]4 ,b ,i %all speak m p>ticul>ly on ?is subject "u ! head ( ,religi\s ,in/ruction4 ,,ii4 ,,ord] ,,( ,,daily ,,ex]cises4 ,!re w be giv5 y :5 y ent] ! s*ool a blank s*$ule1 9 :i* ! divisions ( ea* =5oon = "o week are m>k$1 & 9 :i* y\r own employm5ts = e half h\r are to be writt54 ,a copy ( ?is is ins]t$ on page #aif4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is s*$ule1 :5 fill$ up1 =ms a sort ( a map ( ! week1 9 :i* y c readily f9d :at are y\r duties = any p>ticul> "t4 ,! foll[+ description w enable y bett] to und]/& x4 ,op5+ ( ! ,s*ool4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* w call y\r att5tion z ! h\r = ! comm5cem5t ( ! s*ool approa*es 9 ! morn+1 is ! r++ ( a bell1 five m9utes be=e ! "t arrives1 by ! regulator1 :o sits at ! curta9$ desk be=e ! ,/udy ,c>d4 ,"o m9ute be=e ! "t1 ! bell is rung aga91 :i* is ! signal = all to take _! seats & prep>e = ! op5+ ( ! s*ool4 ,:5 ! precise mom5t arrives1 ! ,/udy ,c>d is drawn up1 & at ! s\nd ( its little bell1 all ! s*ol>s recl9e _! heads ^u _! desks & unite ) me 9 a v %ort pray] = ,god's protection & bless+ dur+ ! day4 ,i adopt$ ! plan ( all[+ ! s*ol>s to sit1 because ,i ?\ght x w\ld be pleasant] = !m1 & !y h 9 return be5 g5]ally1 s f> z ,i "k1 fai?ful 9 comply+ ) my wi% t !y w\ld all assume ! po/ure propos$1 s t ! s*ool may pres5t ! uni=m & s]i\s aspect :i* is prop]1 :5 we are engag$ 9 s solemn a duty4 ,if y move y\r *air back a little1 y w f9d ! po/ure n inconv5i5t1 b ! only rew>d y w h = fai?fully comply+ ) ! g5]al cu/om is ! pleasure ( do+ y\r duty1 = no "o wat*es y1 & y w\ld n be call$ to acc\nt %\ld y neglect to con=m4 ,aft] ! pray] we s+ "o or two v]ses ( a hymn4 ,! music is l$ by ! piano2 & we wi% all to jo9 9 x :o c s+4 ,! ex]cises :i* foll[ are exhibit$ to ! eye by ! foll[+ diagram4 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,s*ool4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,/udies4 #ahcc4 ,miss ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,fir/ ,,second ,,?ird ,,f\r? ,,h\r4 ,,h\r4 ,,h\r4 ,,h\r4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,ev5+ ,,languages4 ,g4,r4,,ma!matics4 ,g4,r4 ,,sections4 ,,lessons4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,monday4 ----------------------------- -------------- ---------- ,,tues4 ----------------------------- -------------- ---------- ,,w$4 ----------------------------- -------------- ---------- ,,?urs4 ----------------------------- -------------- ---------- ,,friday4 ----------------------------- -------------- ---------- ,,sat4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,fir/ ,h\r4--,ev5+ ,lessons4 7,see plan2 page #aif47 ,we !n1 z y w see by ! s*$ule1 comm5ce ! fir/ h\r ( ! day4 ,x is m>k$ ev5+ lessons1 because mo/1 ?\gh n all1 ( ! /udies are int5d$ to be prep>$ out ( s*ool4 ,^! /udies are miscellane\s 9 _! "*1 compris+ ,geography1 ,hi/ory1 ,natural & ,intellectual ,philosophy1 & ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,?is h\r1 l all ! o!r h\rs = /udy1 is divid$ into two equal p>ts1 "s classes recit+ 9 ! fir/ "p1 & o!rs 9 ! second4 ,a bell is always rung five m9utes be=e ! "t = clos+ ! recitation1 to give ! tea*]s notice t _! "t is ne>ly expir$1 & !n aga9 at ! "t1 to give notice to new classes to take _! places4 ,?us y w obs]ve t five m9utes be=e ! half h\r expires1 ! bell w r+2 soon aft] :i* ! classes 9 recitation w take _! seats4 ,precisely at ! end ( ! half h\r1 x w r+ aga91 :5 new classes w take _! places4 ,9 ! same mann] notice is giv5 five m9utes be=e ! second half ( ! h\r expires1 & s 9 all ! o!r ?ree h\rs4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ h\r1 ! ,/udy ,c>d w be let half d[n1 five m9utes1 & y w p]ceive t ! s\nd ( its bell w imm$iately produce a decid$ *ange 9 ! :ole aspect ( ! room4 ,x is ! signal1 z has be5 be=e expla9$1 = univ]sal p]mission to :isp]1 & to leave seats1 ?\gh n = l\d talk+ or play1 s t ^? :o wi% to cont9ue _! /udies may d s )\t int]ruption4 ,:5 ! five m9utes has expir$1 ! ,c>d goes up aga91 & its s\nd imm$iately re/ores sil5ce & ord]4 ,second ,h\r4--,languages4 7,see plan47 ,we !n comm5ce ! second h\r ( ! s*ool4 ,?is is devot$ to ! /udy ( ! ,languages4 ,! ,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,engli% classes recite at ?is "t4 ,by ,engli% classes ,i mean ^? /udy+ ! ,engli% z a language1 i4 e4 classes 9 ,gramm>1 ,rhetoric1 & ,composition4 ,! h\r is divid$ z ! fir/ h\r is1 & ! bell is rung 9 ! same way1 i4 e4 at ! close ( ea* half h\r1 & also five m9utes be=e ! close1 to give ! classes notice t ! "t = recitation is ab\t to expire4 ,fir/ ,g5]al ,ex]cise4 7,see ,plan47 ,y w obs]ve !n1 t !re foll[s ^u ! s*$ule1 a qu>t] ( an h\r m>k$ ,g4 ,t initial /&s = ,g5]al ,ex]cise1 & :5 x arrives ea* pupil is to lay aside h] "w1 & att5d to any ex]cise :i* may be propos$4 ,?is qu>t] ( an h\r is appropriat$ to a great v>iety ( purposes4 ,sometimes ,i give a %ort & famili> lecture on "s useful subject connect$ ) sci5ce or art1 or ! pr9ciples ( duty4 ,sometimes we h a g5]al read+ lesson4 ,sometimes we turn ! s*ool into a ,bible class4 ,aga9 ! "t is occupi$ 9 att5d+ to "s g5]al bus9ess ( ! s*ool4 ,! bell is rung "o m9ute be=e ! close ( ! "t1 & :5 ! p]iod appropriat$ to ?is purpose has actually expir$1 ! ,/udy ,c>d1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! morn+1 is let entirely d[n1 & ! room is at once sudd5ly trans=m$ into a sc5e ( life & motion & gaiety4 ,fir/ ,recess4 7,see plan47 ,! "t = ! recess is a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & z y w see1 x is m>k$ ,r4 on ! s*$ule4 ,we h v>i\s modes ( amus+ ourselves & f9d+ ex]cise & recreation 9 recesses4 ,sometimes ! girls br+ _! battl$oors to s*ool4 ,sometimes !y h a l>ge numb] ( s(t balls1 ) :i* !y amuse !mselves4 ,a m common amusem5t is m>*+ to ! music ( ! piano4 ,= ?is purpose1 a set ( signals by ! :i/le has be5 devis$1 by :i* comm&s are communicat$ to ! s*ool4 ,9 ^! & simil> amusem5ts ! recess passes away1 & "o m9ute be=e x expires ! bell is rung1 to give notice ( ! approa* ( /udy h\rs4 ,at ?is signal ! s*ol>s beg9 to prep>e = a return to ! ord9>y duties ( s*ool1 & :5 at ! full expiration ( ! recess1 ! ,/udy ,c>d aga9 goes up1 sil5ce1 & att5tion1 & ord] is imm$iately re/or$4 ,?ird ,h\r--,ma!matics4 7,see plan47 ,!re foll[s next1 z y w see by ref]5ce to ! s*$ule1 an h\r m>k$ ,ma!matics4 ,x is "t = /udy+ & recit+ ,ari?metic1 ,algebra1 ,geometry & simil> /udies4 ,x is divid$ z ! previ\s h\rs 71 into two equal p>ts1 & ! bell is rung z has be5 describ$1 five m9utes be=e ! close1 & precisely at ! close ( ea* half h\r4 ,second ,g5]al ,ex]cise4--,bus9ess4 7,see plan47 ,!n foll[s two qu>t] h\rs1 appropriat$ l ^? h]et(ore describ$1 ! fir/ to a ,g5]al ,ex]cise1 ! second to a ,recess4 ,at ! fir/ ( ^!1 ! g5]al bus9ess ( ! s*ool is transact$4 ,z ?is bus9ess w probably appe> new to y1 & w attract y\r att5tion1 ,i w describe its nature & design4 ,at fir/ y w obs]ve a "y lady rise at ! secret>y's desk1 to read a j\rnal ( :at 0 done ! day be=e4 ,! notices :i* ,i gave1 ! arrangem5ts ,i made1--! subjects discuss$ & decid$1--& 9 fact e ?+ important & int]e/+ 9 ! bus9ess or occurr5ces ( ! prec$+ day--is record$ by ! secret>y ( ! s*ool1 & read at ?is "t4 ,?is j\rnal ought n to be a m]e dry record ( votes & bus9ess1 b z f> z possible1 an int]e/+ description 9 a n>rative /yle1 ( ! occurr5ces ( ! day4 ,! ,secret>y mu/ keep a memor&um1 & asc]ta9 t e ?+ important really f9ds a place 9 ! record1 b %e may employ any good writ] 9 s*ool to prep>e1 f h] m9utes1 ! full acc\nt4 ,aft] ! record is read1 y w obs]ve me take f a little r$ morocco wrapp]1 :i* has be5 br\ght to my desk1 a numb] ( n>r[ slips ( pap]1 :i* ,i am to read al\d4 ,9 mo/ assemblies x is cu/om>y = any p]son wi%+ x1 to rise 9 8 place1 & propose any plan1 or z x is call$1 make any motion t he pleases4 ,x w\ld be unpleasant = a "y lady to d ?is1 9 pres5ce ( a hundr$ companions1 & we h consequ5tly resort$ to ano!r plan4 ,! r$ wrapp] is plac$ 9 a "p ( ! room1 accessible to all1 & any "o :o pleases1 writes ^u a n>r[ slip ( pap] any?+ %e wi%es to lay be=e ! s*ool1 & deposits x !re1 & at ! appo9t$ "t1 ! :ole are br\ght to me4 ,^! propositions are ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,i c p]haps be/ give y an idea ( !m1 by su* specim5s z occur to me4 ,a4 ,b4 resigns h] (fice ( copyi/1 z %e is ab\t to leave s*ool4 ,propos$1 t a class 9 ,botany be =m$4 ,!re are _m :o w\ld l to jo9 x4 ,:5 w vacation comm5ce8 ,propos$1 t a music committee be appo9t$1 s t we c h "s m>*+ 9 recess4 ,propos$ t s*ool beg9 at n9e o'clock4 ,mr4 ,abbott4 ,w y h ! goodness to expla9 to u :at is meant by ! ,veto ,message4 ,propos$ t we h locks ^u our desks4 ,y see t ! v>iety is v great1 & !re are usually f f\r or five to t5 or fifte5 ( su* pap]s daily4 ,y w be at lib]ty to make 9 ?is way1 any sugge/ion or inquiry1 or to propose any *ange y please 9 any "p ( ! in/ruction or adm9i/ration ( ! s*ool4 ,if any ?+ dissatisfies y1 y ought n to murmur at x 9 private1 or compla9 ( x to y\r companions2 ?us injur+1 to no purpose1 bo? y\r own peace & happ9ess & !irs1--b y ought imm$iately to br+ up ! subject 9 ! way above describ$1 t ! evil may be remov$4 ,i receive "s ( ! mo/ valuable sugge/ions 9 ?is way1 f ! old] & m reflect+ pupils4 ,^! sugge/ions are read4 ,sometimes ,i decide myself4 ,sometimes ,i say ! pupils may decide4 ,sometimes ,i ask _! op9ion & wi%es1 & !n1 aft] tak+ !m into consid]ation1 come to a conclusion4 ,= example1 ,i w ins]t a few ( ^! propositions1 z ^! pap]s are call$1 describ+ ! way 9 :i* !y w\ld be dispos$ (4 ,mo/ ( !m are real cases4 ,mr4 ,abbott4 ,! fir/ class 9 ,geography is s l>ge t we h n room 9 ! recitation seats4 ,_c we h ano!r place8 ,aft] read+ ?is1 ,i %\ld p]haps say1 ,! class 9 ,geography may rise & be c\nt$4 ,!y rise4 ,^? 9 ea* division are c\nt$ by ! prop] (fic]1 z w h]eaft] be expla9$1 & ! numb]s are report$ al\d to me4 ,x is all done 9 a mom5t4 ,h[ _m ( y ?9k y ne$ bett] accommodations8 ,if a majority ( h&s are rais$1 ,i say1 ,i wi% ! tea*] ( t class w\ld asc]ta9 :e!r any o!r place ( recitation is vacant1 or occupi$ by a small] class at t "t1 & report ! case to me4 ,propos$1 t we be all[$ to walk ^u ! common 9 ! recesses4 ,i %\ld l to h "s plan =m$1 by :i* y c walk on ! common 9 recesses1 b !re are difficulties4 ,if all %\ld g out toge!r1 x is probable t "s w\ld be rude & noisy1 & t o!rs w\ld come back t>dy & out ( brea?4 ,besides1 z ! recess is %ort1 s _m w\ld be 9 ha/e to prep>e to g out1 t !re w\ld be a great cr[d & mu* confusion 9 ! ,ante-room & passage ways4 ,i d n m5tion ^! z insup]able objections1 b only z difficulties :i* !re mu/ be "s plan to avoid4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 !y _c be avoid$4 ,d any ( y ?9k ( any plan8 ,i see p]haps two or ?ree h&s rais$1 & call ^u ! individuals by "n1 & !y express _! op9ions4 ,"o says t a "p c g out at a "t4 ,ano!r proposes t ^? :o are t>dy "o day %\ld n g out aga91 c4 ,i ?9k x possible t a plan c be =m$ on ^! or "s su* pr9ciples4 ,if y w appo9t a committee :o w prep>e a plan1 & mature its details1 & take *>ge ( ! execution ( x1 y may try ! exp]im5t4 ,i w all[ x to g on z long z y avoid ! evils ,i h above allud$ to4 ,a committee is !n rais$ to report 9 writ+ at ! bus9ess h\r ( ! foll[+ day4 ,propos$1 t ! ,/udy ,c>d be d[n e half h\r4 ,y may decide ?is "q y\rselves4 ,t y may vote m freely1 ,i wi% y to vote by ballot4 ,! boxes w be op5 dur+ ! next recess4 ,! ,vote-,receiv]s w write ! "q1 & place x ^u ! boxes4 ,all :o feel int]e/$ 9 ! subject1 may c>ry 9 _! votes1 ,ay or ,nay4 ,:5 ! result is report$ to me ,i w read x to ! s*ool4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is & simil> ways ! v>i\s bus9ess br\ght up is dispos$ (4 ,?is cu/om is useful to ! s*ol>s1 = x ex]cises & /r5g!ns _! judgm5t & _! reflect+ p[]s m ?an almo/ any ?+ besides2 s t if int]e/+ !m 9 ?is way 9 ! managem5t ( ! s*ool1 7 ( no b5efit to me1 ,i %\ld reta9 ! practice1 z mo/ valuable to !m4 ,b x is mo/ useful to me & to ! s*ool4 ,i ?9k no?+ has contribut$ m to its prosp]ity ?an ! active int]e/ :i* ! s*ol>s h always tak5 9 its conc]ns1 & ! assi/ance !y h r5d]$ me 9 c>ry+ my plans into effect4 ,y w obs]ve t 9 transact+ ?is bus9ess1 v little is actually done by myself1 except mak+ ! ultimate decision4 ,all ! details ( bus9ess are assign$ to tea*]s1 or to (fic]s & committees appo9t$ = ! purpose4 ,by ?is means we despat* bus9ess v rapidly4 ,! sy/em ( (fices w be expla9$ 9 ano!r place2 b ,i may say "h t all appo9tm5ts & elections are made 9 ?is qu>t] h\r1 & by means ( ! assi/ance ( ^! (fic]s ! transaction ( bus9ess is s facilitat$ t mu* m c sometimes be accompli%$ ?an y w\ld suppose possible4 ,i consid] ?is p]iod z "o ! mo/ important 9 ! :ole morn+4 ,second ,recess4 7,see plan47 ,aft] ! expiration ( ! qu>t] h\r above describ$1 ! /udy c>d is dropp$1 & a recess succe$s4 ,f\r? ,h\r4--,sections4 7,see plan47 ,9 all ! =m] "p ( ! day ! s*ol>s are divid$ into classes1 accord+ to _! pr(ici5cy 9 p>ticul> bran*es ( /udy1 & !y resort to _! recitations = in/ruction4 ,!y n[ are divid$ into six sections z we call !m1 & plac$ "u ! c>e ( sup]9t5d5ts n = in/ruction1 b = :at may be call$ sup]vision4 ,tea*+ a pupil is n all t is necess>y to be done = h] 9 s*ool4 ,!re are _m o!r ?+s1 to be att5d$ to--su* z supply+ h] ) ! v>i\s articles necess>y = h] use1--see+ t h] desk is conv5i5t1--t h] "t is well arrang$1--t %e has n too mu* to d1 nor too little1--& t no difficulty :i* c be remov$1 ob/ructs h] progress 9 /udy1 or h] happ9ess 9 s*ool4 ,! la/ h\r is appropriat$ to ?is purpose1 ) ! und]/&+1 h[ev]1 t su* a portion ( x z is n want$ by ! sup]9t5d5t1 is to be sp5t 9 /udy4 ,y w see !n1 :5 ! la/ h\r arrives1 t all ! s*ol>s g 9 v>i\s directions1 to ! meet+s ( _! respective sections4 ,"h !y rema9 z long z ! sup]9t5d5t reta9s !m4 ,sometimes !y adj\rn almo/ imm$iately2 p]haps aft] hav+ simply att5d$ to ! di/ribution ( p5s = ! next day2 at o!r times !y rema9 dur+ ! h\r1 att5d+ to su* ex]cises z ! sup]9t5d5t may plan4 ,! design1 h[ev]1 & nature ( ?is :ole arrangem5t1 ,i %all expla9 m fully 9 ano!r place4 ,close ( ! ,s*ool4 ,z ! end ( ! h\r approa*es1 five m9utes notice is giv5 by ! bell1 & :5 ! "t arrives1 ! /udy c>d is half dropp$ = a mom5t be=e ! clos+ ex]cises4 ,:5 x rises aga9 ! room is re/or$ to sil5ce & ord]4 ,we !n s+ a v]se or two ( a hymn1 & comm5d ourselves to ,god's protection 9 a %ort pray]4 ,z ! s*ol>s raise _! heads f ! po/ure ( rev]5ce !y h assum$1 !y pause a mom5t till ! regulator lets d[n ! /udy c>d1 & ! s\nd ( its bell is ! signal t our duties at s*ool are end$ = ! day4 ,,iii4 ,,in/ruction ,,& ,,sup]vision ,,( ,,pupils4 ,= ! in/ruction ( ! pupils1 ! s*ool is divid$ into classes1 & = _! g5]al sup]vision1 into sections1 z has be5 intimat$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,! head ( a class is call$ a ,tea*]1 & ! head ( a section a ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,! same individual may be bo? ! ,tea*] ( a class1 & ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( a section4 ,! two (fices are1 h[ev]1 entirely di/9ct 9 _! nature & design4 ,z y w p]ceive by recall+ to m9d ! daily ord] ( ex]cises1 ! classes meet & recite dur+ ! fir/ ?ree h\rs ( ! s*ool1 & ! sections assemble on ! f\r? & la/4 ,we %all give ea* a sep>ate description4 #a4 ,,classes4 ,! object ( ! division into classes is in/ruction4 ,:5ev] x is desirable t sev]al individuals %\ld pursue a p>ticul> /udy1 a li/ ( _! names is made out1 a book select$1 a "t = recitation assign$1 a tea*] appo9t$1 & ! ex]cises beg94 ,9 ?is way a l>ge numb] ( classes h be5 =m$1 & ! wi%es ( p>5ts or ! op9ion ( ! ,pr9cipal1 & 9 _m cases t ( ! pupil1 det]m9es h[ _m & :at %all be assign$ to ea* individual4 ,a li/ ( ^! classes1 ) ! av]age age ( ! memb]s1 ! "n ( ! tea*]1 & ! "t ( recitation1 is po/$ 9 a conspicu\s place1 & public notice is giv5 :5ev] a new class is =m$4 ,y w !re=e h ! opportunity to "k all ! arrangem5ts ( s*ool 9 ?is respect1 & ,i wi% y to ex]cise y\r own judgm5t & discretion a great deal1 9 reg>d to y\r /udies4 ,i d n mean ,i expect y to decide1 b to reflect ^u !m4 ,look at ! li/1 & consid] :at am mo/ useful = y4 ,propose to me or to y\r p>5ts1 *anges1 :5ev] y ?9k any are necess>y2 & :5 y f9i% "o /udy1 reflect c>efully1 y\rself1 on ! "q :at y %all next comm5ce4 ,! s*ol>s prep>e _! lessons :5 !y please4 ,!y are expect$ to be pres5t & prep>$ at ! "t ( recitation1 b !y make ! prep>ation :5 x is mo/ conv5i5t4 ,! m me?odical & sy/ematic ( ! "y ladies1 m>k ! times ( /udy z well z ( recitation ^u _! s*$ules1 s t ! employm5t ( _! :ole "t at s*ool is regulat$ by a sy/ematic plan4 ,y w obs]ve too1 t by ?is plan ( hav+ a great _m classes recit+ ?r\gh ! fir/ ?ree h\rs ( ! morn+1 e pupil c be employ$ z mu* or z little z h] p>5ts please4 ,9 a case ( ill heal?1 %e may1 z has (t5 be5 done 9 su* cases at ! reque/ ( p>5ts1 jo9 "o or two classes only1 & occupy ! :ole =5oon 9 prep>+ = !m1 & be entirely free f s*ool duties at home4 ,or %e may1 z is mu* m frequ5tly ! case1 *oose to jo9 a great _m classes1 s z to fill up1 p]haps1 h] :ole s*$ule ) recitations1 9 :i* case %e mu/ prep>e all h] lessons at home4 ,x is ! duty ( tea*]s to take c>e1 h[ev]1 :5 a pupil pleads want ( "t z a reason = be+ unprep>$ 9 any lesson1 t ! case is fully exam9$1 t x may be asc]ta9$ :e!r ! individual has jo9$ too _m classes1 9 :i* case "s "o %\ld be dropp$1 & ?us ! "t & ! employm5ts ( ea* individual %\ld be s adju/$ z to give h] con/ant occupation 9 s*ool1 & z mu* m z h] p>5ts may desire4 ,by ?is plan ( ! classes1 ea* s*ol> goes on j z rapidly 9 h] /udies1 z h] "t1 & tal5ts1 & heal? w all[4 ,no "o is kept back by ! re/4 ,ea* class goes on regul>ly & sy/ematically1 all its memb]s keep+ exactly toge!r 9 t /udy1 b ! v>i\s memb]s ( x w h jo9$ a great] or less numb] ( o!r classes1 accord+ to _! age1 or abilities1 or progress 9 /udy1 s t all w or may h full employm5t = _! "t4 ,:5 y fir/ ent] ! s*ool1 y w1 = a day or two1 be assign$ to b few classes1 = y\r m9d w be di/ract$ by ! excitem5t ( new sc5es & pursuits1 & ! intellectual ef=t necess>y = jo9+ a class is great] ?an t requisite = go+ on ) x1 aft] be+ once "u way4 ,aft] a few days y w come to me & say1 p]haps1 7= ?is is ord9>ily ! process37 ,mr4 ,abbott1 ,i ?9k ,i h "t = "s m /udies4 ,i w ?ank y to br+ me y\r s*$ule1 ,i say 9 reply1 s t ,i c see :at y h n[ to d4 ,by glanc+ my eye ov] ! s*$ule 9 su* a case1 ,i see 9 a mom5t :at duties h be5 already assign$ y1 & f my g5]al s*$ule1 conta9+ all ! /udies ( ! s*ool1 ,i select :at w\ld be mo/ suitable = y1 aft] conf]r+ ) y ab\t y\r pa/ pursuits1 & y\r own wi%es or ^? ( y\r p>5ts 9 reg>d to y\r future c\rse4 ,additions are ?us made1 until y\r "t is fully occupi$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! mann] ( recitation 9 ! classes1 is almo/ b\ndlessly v>i$4 ,! design is n to h y commit to memory :at ! book conta9s1 b to und]/& & dige/ x1--to incorporate x fully into y\r own m9d1 t x may come up 9 future life1 9 su* a =m z y wi% x = use4 ,d n !n1 9 ord9>y cases1 endeavor to fix words1 b ideas 9 y\r m9ds4 ,conceive cle>ly1--pa9t di/9ctly to y\r imag9ation :at is describ$1--contemplate facts 9 all _! be>+s & relations1 & ?us endeavor to ex]cise ! judgm5t & ! ?9k+ & reason+ p[]s1 r ?an ! m]e memory1 ^u ! subjects :i* w come be=e y4 #b4 ,,sections4 ,9 describ+ ! ord] ( daily ex]cises1 ,i allud$ to ! sections :i* assemble 9 ! la/ h\r ( ! s*ool4 ,x is necess>y t ,i %\ld fully describe ! sy/em ( sections1 z x con/itutes a v important "p ( ! plan ( ! s*ool4 ,besides giv+ ! s*ol>s ! necess>y intellectual in/ruction1 !re are1 z ,i h already rem>k$1 a great _m o!r po9ts :i* mu/ receive att5tion1 9 ord] to promote _! progress1 & to secure ! regul> op]ation & g5]al welf>e ( ! s*ool4 ,^! v>i\s po9ts h some?+ common 9 _! nature1 b x is difficult to give !m a common "n4 ,!y are su* z supply+ ! pupils ) p5s & pap]1 & /ation>y ( o!r k9ds1--becom+ acqua9t$ ) ea* individual1 asc]ta9+ t %e has en\gh1 & n too mu* to d1--arrang+ h] "w s t no "o ( h] duties %all int]f]e ) ano!r1--assi/+ h] to discov] & to correct h] faults1--& remov+ any s\rces ( difficulty or causes ( discont5t1 :i* may gradually come 9 h] way4 ,^!1 & a multitude ( simil> po9ts con/itut+ :at may be call$ ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! s*ool1 become1 :5 ! numb] ( pupils is l>ge1 a mo/ important bran* ( ! tea*]'s duty4 ,to accompli% ^! objects m effectually1 ! s*ool is divid$ into ,,six ,,sections1 arrang$ n accord+ to pr(ici5cy 9 p>ticul> /udies1 z ! sev]al classes are1 b accord+ to age & g5]al maturity ( m9d4 ,ea* "o ( ^! sections is assign$ to ! c>e ( a ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,^! ,sup]9t5d5ts1 x is true1 dur+ mo/ ( s*ool h\rs are also ,tea*]s4 ,_! duties h[ev] z ,tea*]s1 & z ,sup]9t5d5ts are entirely di/9ct4 ,i %all briefly enum]ate ! duties :i* devolve ^u h] 9 ! latt] capacity4 #a4 ,a ,sup]9t5d5t ought to prep>e an exact li/ ( ! memb]s ( h] section1 & to become intimately acqua9t$ ) !m1 s z to be z f> z possible _! fri5d & confidant1 & to feel a /rong] int]e/ 9 _! progress 9 /udy & _! happ9ess 9 s*ool1 & a great] p]sonal atta*m5t to !m ?an to any o!r s*ol>s4 #b4 ,%e is to sup]9t5d ! prep>ation ( _! s*$ules1--to see t ea* "o has en\gh & n too mu* to d1 by mak+ kn[n to me ! necessity ( a *ange :]e su* necessity exi/s2--to see t ! s*$ules are submitt$ to ! p>5ts1 & t _! op9ion1 or sugge/ions if !y wi% to make any1 are report$ to me4 #c4 ,%e is to take c>e t all ! daily wants ( h] section are suppli$1--t all h p5s & pap]1 & desks ( suitable height4 ,if any are new s*ol>s1 %e ought to int]e/ h]self 9 assi/+ !m to become acqua9t$ 9 s*ool1--if !y are fri5dless & alone1 to f9d companions = !m1 & to endeavor 9 e way1 to make _! "t pass pleasantly & happily4 #d4 ,to wat* ! *>act]s ( ! memb]s ( h] section4 ,to inquire ( _! sev]al tea*]s z to ! progress !y make 9 /udy1 & ! fai?fulness & punctuality ) :i* !y prep>e _! lessons4 ,%e ought to asc]ta9 :e!r !y are punctual at s*ool1 & regul> 9 _! habits1--:e!r _! desks are neat & well arrang$1 & _! ex]cises c>efully execut$4 ,%e ought to correct1 ?r\gh h] own influ5ce1 any evils ( ?is k9d %e may f9d1 or else imm$iately to ref] ! cases :]e ?is _c be done1 to me4 ,! bett] & ! m pleasantly to accompli% ! object ( ex]t+ a favorable influ5ce ^u ! *>act]s ( ! memb]s ( _! sections1 ! ,sup]9t5d5ts ought (t5 to br+ up subjects connect$ ) moral & religi\s duty 9 section meet+s4 ,?is may be done 9 ! =m ( subjects assign$ = composition1 or propos$ = free discussion 9 writ+ or conv]sation1 or1 ! ,sup]9t5d5ts may write !mselves1 & read to ! section ! in/ructions !y wi% to give4 #e4 ,?\gh ! ,sup]9t5d5ts z su*1 h necess>ily speak+1 no tea*+ to d1 /ill !y ought p>ticul>ly to secure ! progress ( e pupil 9 :at may be call$ ! ess5tial /udies1 su* z read+1 writ+1 & spell+4 ,= ?is purpose !y ei!r see t _! pupils are go+ on successfully 9 classes 9 s*ool1 9 ^! bran*es1 or !y may att5d to !m 9 ! ,section1 provid$ t !y nev] all[ su* in/ruction to int]f]e ) _! m appropriate & important duties4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,sup]9t5d5ts are to consid] ! memb]s ( _! ,sections z pupils confid$ to _! c>e1 & !y are n m]ely to dis*>ge me*anically any m]e r\t9e ( duty1 su* z c be "h po9t$ out1 b to ex]t all _! p[]s1--_! +5uity1 _! k ( human "*1 _! judgm5t & discretion 9 e way1 to secure = ea* ( ^? committ$ to _! c>e1 ! highe/ b5efits :i* ! in/itution to :i* !y belong c af=d4 ,!y are to keep a c>eful & fai?ful record ( _! plans & ( ! hi/ory ( _! respective ,sections1 & to endeavor1 z fai?fully & z dilig5tly1 to advance ! int]e/s ( ! memb]s ( !m1 z if ! ,sections 7 sep>ate & indep5d5t s*ools ( _! own4 ,a great responsibility is ?us evid5tly intru/$ to !m1 b n a great deal ( p[]4 ,!y ought n to make *anges1 except 9 v pla9 cases1 )\t ref]r+ ! subject to me4 ,!y ought n to make ra% exp]im5ts1 or ev5 to try _m new plans )\t fir/ obta9+ my approval ( !m4 ,!y ought to ref] all cases :i* !y _c easily manage1 to my c>e4 ,!y ought to und]/& ! di/9ction betwe5 see+ t a ?+ is done1 & do+ x4 ,= example1 if a ,sup]9t5d5t ?9ks t "o ( h] ,section is 9 too high a class 9 ,ari?metic1 h] duty is n to und]take1 by h] own au?ority1 to remove h] to a l[] "o1 =1 z ,sup]9t5d5t1 %e has no au?ority ov] ,ari?metic classes2 nor %\ld %e g ! opposite extreme ( say+1 ,i h no au?ority ov] ,ari?metic classes1 & !re=e ,i h no?+ to d ) ?is case4 ,%e ought to g to ! tea*] ( ! class to :i* h] pupil _h be5 unwisely assign$1 conv]se ) h]1 obta9 h] op9ion1 !n f9d "s o!r class m suit$ to h] atta9m5ts1 & aft] fully asc]ta9+ all ! facts 9 ! case1 br+ !m to me1 t ,i may make ! *ange4 ,?is is sup]9t5d5ce2--look+ ov] ! condition & progress ( ! s*ol>4 ,! ,sup]9t5d5ts h ?us great responsibility1 & yet comp>atively little p[]4 ,!y accompli% a great deal ( good1 & 9 its ord9>y c\rse x is by _! direct p]sonal ef=ts2 b 9 mak+ *anges & rem$y+ defects & evils1 !y act g5]ally 9 a diff]5t way4 ,! la/ h\r ( s*ool is devot$ to ! ,sections4 ,no classes recite !n1 b ! ,sections meet1 if ! ,sup]9t5d5ts wi%1 & att5d to su* ex]cises z !y provide4 ,ea* ,section has its own organization1 its own (fic]s & plans4 ,^! arrangem5ts ( c\rse1 v>y 9 _! "* accord+ to ! +5uity & ent]prise ( ! ,sup]9t5d5ts1 & m especially accord+ to ! tal5ts & intellectual ardor ( ! memb]s ( ! ,section4 ,! two upp] ,sections are call$ ,s5ior1 ! next two ,middle1 & ! two y\ng] ,junior4 ,! s5ior ,sections are di/+ui%$ by us+ pap] = ,section purposes1 ) a light blue t+e4 ,to ! middle ,sections is assign$ a light /raw color2 & to ! junior1 p9k4 ,^! colors are us$ = ! s*$ules ( ! memb]s1 & = ! records1 & o!r docum5ts ( ! ,section4 ,?is acc\nt1 ?\gh x is brief1 w be suffici5t to expla9 to y ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! plan4 ,y w soon become acqua9t$ ) ! ex]cises & arrangem5ts ( ! p>ticul> ,section to :i* y w be assign$1 & by tak+ an active int]e/ 9 !m1 & endeavor+ to co-op]ate ) ! ,sup]9t5d5t 9 all h] measures1 & to comply ) h] wi%es1 y w v mat]ially add to h] happ9ess1 & d y\r "p t[>ds elevat+ ! "* ( ! circle to :i* y w belong4 ,,iv4 ,,(fic]s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! disposition e>ly manife/$ by ! s*ol>s1 to r5d] me e assi/ance 9 _! p[] 9 c>ry+ into effect ! plans ( ! s*ool1 & promot+ its prosp]ity1 ,i gradually adopt$ ! plan ( assign+ to v>i\s (fic]s & committees1 a numb] ( specific duties1 relat+ to ! g5]al bus9ess ( ! s*ool4 ,^! (fices h gradually multipli$ z ! s*ool has increas$1 & z bus9ess has accumulat$4 ,! sy/em has1 f "t to "t1 be5 revis$1 cond5s$1 & simplifi$1 & at ! pres5t "t x is ?us arrang$4 ,! p>ticul> duties ( ea* (fic]1 are m9utely describ$ to ! individuals !mselves at ! "t ( _! election2 all ,i int5d "h is to give a g5]al view ( ! plan1 su* z is necess>y = ! s*ol>s at l>ge4 ,!re are !n1 five dep>tm5ts ( bus9ess entru/$ to (fic]s ( ! s*ool1 ! names ( ! (fic]s1 & a brief exposition ( _! duties are z foll[s4 ,i omit ! p>ticul> explanation ( ! duties ( ! (fic]s1 z ! arrangem5t mu/ v>y 9 diff]5t s*ools1 & ! details ( any "o plan c only be useful 9 ! s*ool-room to :i* x belongs4 ,x w be suffici5t to "n ! (fic]s ( ea* dep>tm5t ) _! duties 9 g5]al t]ms4 #a4 ,,regulators4 ,to assi/ 9 ! ord9>y r\t9e ( bus9ess 9 s*ool--r++ ! bells--manag+ ! /udy c>d--di/ribut+ & collect+ pap]s--c\nt+ votes1 c4 #b4 ,,secret>ies4 ,keep+ ! records & execut+ writ+ ( v>i\s k9ds4 #c4 ,,acc\ntants4 ,keep+ a regi/] ( ! s*ol>s1 & v>i\s o!r duties connect$ ) ! acc\nts4 #d4 ,,libr>ians4 ,to take *>ge ( books & /ation>y4 #e4 ,,curators4 ,to secure neatness & good ord] 9 ! ap>tm5ts4 ,! ,secret>ies & ,acc\ntants are appo9t$ by ! ,pr9cipal1 & w g5]ally be *os5 f ! tea*]s4 ,! fir/ 9 ea* ( ! o!r dep>tm5ts are *os5 by ballot1 by ! s*ol>s4 ,ea* "o ?us *os5 nom9ates ! second 9 h] dep>tm5t1 & !y two1 ! assi/ants4 ,^! nom9ations mu/ be approv$ at a tea*]'s meet+1 = if a s*ol> is inatt5tive to h] /udies1 disord]ly 9 h] desk1 or c>eless & tr\blesome 9 h] mann]s1 %e evid5tly ought n to be appo9t$ to public (fice4 ,no p]son c hold an (fice 9 two ( ^! dep>tm5ts4 ,%e c1 if %e pleases1 h[ev]1 resign "o to accept ano!r4 ,ea* ( ^! dep>tm5ts ought (t5 to assemble & consult toge!r1 & =m plans = c>ry+ into effect ) great] effici5cy1 ! objects entru/$ to !m4 ,!y are to keep a record ( all _! proce$+s1 ! head ( ! dep>tm5t act+ z secret>y = ?is purpose4 ,! foll[+ may be giv5 z an example ( ! mann] 9 :i* bus9ess is transact$ by means ( ^! (fic]s4 ,on ! day t ! above description ( _! duties 0 writt51 ,i wi%$ = a sort ( directory1 to assi/ ! collector employ$ to receive paym5ts = ! bills2 &1 to obta9 x1 ,i took ! foll[+ /eps4 ,at ! bus9ess qu>t] h\r1 ,i issu$ ! foll[+ ord]4 ,be=e ! close ( s*ool ,i wi% ! di/ributors to leave ^u ea* ( ! desks1 a piece ( pap]1 7! size ,i describ$47 ,x is = a purpose :i* ,i %all !n expla94 ,accord+ly at any leisure mom5t1 be=e ! close ( s*ool1 ea* "o w5t ) h] box to ! /ation>y %elves1 :i* y w see 9 ! corn]s ( ! room1 :]e a supply ( pap]1 ( all ! v>i\s sizes1 us$ 9 s*ool1 is kept1 & tak+ out a suffici5t numb]1 !y suppli$ all ! desks 9 _! respective divisions4 ,:5 ! "t = clos+ s*ool arriv$1 ,i reque/$ ea* "y lady to write ! "n ( h] p>5t or gu>dian ^u ! pap]1 & opposite to x1 8 place ( bus9ess4 ,?is 0 done 9 a m9ute or two4 ,all ^? ^: p>5t's or gu>dian's "n beg9s ) a lett] above m4 may rise4 ,!y rose4 ,! di/ributors may collect ! pap]s4 ,! (fic]s !n pass$ r\nd 9 regul> ord]1 ea* ?r\gh h] own division1 & collect$ ! pap]s4 ,deliv] !m at ! ,acc\ntant's desk4 ,!y 7 accord+ly c>ri$ !re1 & receiv$ by ! ,acc\ntants4 ,9 ! same mann] ! o!rs 7 collect$ & receiv$ by ! ,acc\ntants1 b kept sep>ate4 ,i wi% n[ ! second ,acc\ntant w\ld copy ^! 9 a little book ,i h prep>$ = ! purpose1 arrang+ !m alphabetically1 ref]r+ all d\btful cases aga9 to me4 ,! second ,acc\ntant !n arrang$ ! pap]s1 & prep>$ !m to g into ! book1 & ! writ] :o belongs to ! dep>tm5t copi$ !m fairly4 ,i describe ?is case1 because x 0 "o :i* occurr$ at ! "t ,i 0 writ+ ! above description1 & n because !re is any ?+ o!rwise peculi> 9 x4 ,su* cases are cont9ually tak+ place1 & by ! division ( labor above illu/rat$1 ,i am v mu* assi/$ 9 a great _m ( ! duties1 :i* w\ld o!rwise consume a great portion ( my "t4 ,any ( ! s*ol>s may1 at any "t1 make sugge/ions 9 writ+1 to any ( ^! (fic]s1 or to ! :ole s*ool4 ,& if an (fic] %\ld be p>tial1 or unfai?ful1 or neglig5t 9 h] duty1 any s*ol> may propose h] impea*m5t4 ,aft] he>+ :at %e *ooses to write 9 h] def5ce1 a vote is tak5 on su/a9+ ! impea*m5t4 ,if x is su/a9$1 %e is depriv$ ( ! (fice & ano!r appo9t$ to fill h] place4 ,v4 ,,! ,,c\rt4 ,i h already describ$ h[ all s]i\s cases ( do+ wrong or neglect ( duty are manag$ 9 ! s*ool4 ,i manage !m myself1 by com+ z directly & z op5ly z ,i c1 to ! he>t & consci5ce ( ! (f5d]4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a numb] ( little transgressions1 too small to be individually wor?y ( s]i\s att5tion1 b :i* are yet tr\blesome to ! community1 :5 frequ5tly repeat$4 ,^! relate *iefly to ord] 9 ! s*ool rooms4 ,^! misdemeanors are tri$1 half 9 je/1 & half 9 e>ne/1 by a sort ( c\rt1 ^: =ms ( process might make a legal g5tleman smile4 ,!y h[ev] fully answ] our purpose4 ,i c be/ give y an idea ( ! c\rt1 by describ+ an actual trial4 ,i ought h[ev] fir/ to say1 t any "y lady1 :o *ooses to be free f ! jurisdiction ( ! c\rt1 c signify t wi% to me1 & %e is safe f x4 ,?is h[ev] is nev] done4 ,!y all see ! useful influ5ce ( x1 & wi% to su/a9 x4 ,ne> ! close ( s*ool1 ,i f9d p]haps on my desk a pap] ( :i* ! foll[+ may be consid]$ a copy4 ,x is call$ ! indictm5t4 ,we accuse ,miss ,a4 ,b4 ( hav+ wa/e pap]s 9 ! aisle opposite h] desk1 at #aa o'clock1 on ,friday1 ,oct4 #ab4 ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,f4 ,witnesses4 ,i give notice aft] s*ool t a case is to be tri$4 ,^? int]e/$1 tw5ty or ?irty p]haps1 ga!r ar\nd my desk1 :ile ! %]iff goes to summon ! accus$ & ! witnesses4 ,a c]ta9 space is m>k$ (f z ! prec9cts ( ! c\rt1 )9 :i* no "o mu/ ent] 9 ! slighte/ degree1 on pa9 ( imprisonm5t1 i4 e4 conf9em5t to h] seat until ! c\rt adj\rns4 ,miss ,a4 ,b42 y are accus$ ( hav+ an untidy floor ab\t y\r desk4 ,h y any objection to ! indictm5t8 ,:ile %e is look+ ov] ! indictm5t1 to discov] a misspell$ ^w1 or an error 9 ! date1 or "s o!r lat5t flaw1 ,i appo9t any two ( ! by/&]s1 jury4 ,! jury come =w>d to li/5 to ! cause4 ,! accus$ returns ! indictm5t1 say+1 %e has no objection1 & ! witnesses are call$ ^u to pres5t _! te/imony4 ,p]haps ! prison] alleges 9 def5ce t ! pap]s 7 out 9 ! aisle1 n "u h] desk1 or t %e did n put !m !re1 or t !y 7 too few1 or too small1 to des]ve att5tion4 ,my *>ge to ! jury w\ld be some:at z foll[s4 ,y are to consid] & decide :e!r %e 0 guilty ( disord]2 tak+ into view ! te/imony ( ! witnesses1 & also h] def5ce4 ,x is consid]$ "h t ea* "y lady is responsible n only = ! appe>ance ( ! c>pet "u h] desk1 b also = ! aisle opposite to x1 s t h] fir/ gr\nd ( def5ce mu/ be ab&on$4 ,s also ) ! second1 t %e did n put !m !re4 ,%e ought n to h !m !re4 ,ea* s*ol> mu/ keep h] own place 9 a prop] condition2--s t if disord] is f\nd !re1 no matt] :o made x1 %e is responsible1 if %e only _h "t to remove x4 ,z to ! ?ird1 y mu/ judge :e!r en\gh has be5 prov$ by ! witnesses to make out real disord]4 ,! jury write guilty or n guilty ^u ! pap]1 & x is return$ to me4 ,if s5t5ce is pron\nc$ x is usually conf9em5t to ! seat1 dur+ a recess1 or "p ( a recess1 or some?+ t requires slight ef=t or sacrifice1 = ! public good4 ,! s5t5ce is always some?+ real1 ?\gh always slight1 & ! c\rt has a great deal ( influ5ce 9 a d\ble way2 mak+ amusem5t1 & pres]v+ ord]4 ,! cases tri$ are v v>i\s1 b none ( ! s]i\s bus9ess ( ! s*ool is entru/$ to x4 ,its sessions are always held out ( s*ool h\rs2 & 9 fact x is h>dly consid]$ by ! s*ol>s z a con/itu5t "p ( ! arrangem5ts ( ! s*ool4 ,s mu* s1 t ,i hesitat$ mu* ab\t ins]t+ an acc\nt ( x 9 ?is description4 ,,vi4 ,,religi\s ,,in/ruction4 ,9 giv+ y ?is acc\nt1 brief z x is1 ,i ought n to omit to speak ( "o feature ( our plan1 :i* we h always int5d$ %\ld be "o ( ! mo/ prom95t & di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ! s*ool4 ,! g5tlem5 :o orig9ally int]e/$ !mselves 9 its e/abli%m5t1 _h ma9ly 9 view ! ex]tion1 by ! ,pr9cipal1 ( a decid$ moral & religi\s influ5ce ov] ! he>ts ( ! pupils4 ,kn[+1 z !y did1 h[ mu* m dutiful & affectionate at home y w\ld be1 h[ mu* m successful 9 y\r /udies at s*ool1 h[ mu* happi] 9 y\r int]c\rse ) ea* o!r1 & 9 y\r prospects = ! future bo? "h & h]eaft]1 if y\r he>ts c\ld be br\ght "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 !y 7 /rongly desir\s t ! s*ool %\ld be s conduct$1 t its religi\s influ5ce1 ?\gh g5tle & allur+ 9 its "*1 %\ld be frank1 & op51 & decid$4 ,i ne$ n say t ,i myself ent]$ v cordially into ^! views4 ,x has be5 my con/ant ef=t1 & "o ( ! greate/ s\rces ( my enjoym5t1 to try to w9 my pupils to piety1 & to create su* an atmosph]e 9 s*ool1 t consci5ce1 & moral pr9ciple1 & affection = ! unse5 ,jehovah1 %\ld reign "h4 ,y c easily see hew mu* pleasant] x is = me to h ! s*ool controll$ by su* an influ5ce1 ?an if x 7 necess>y = we to hire y to dilig5ce 9 duty1 by prizes or rew>ds1 or to det] y f neglect or f transgression1 by reproa*es1 & ?reat5+s1 & puni%m5ts4 ,! influ5ce :i* ! s*ool has ?us ex]t$ has always be5 cordially welcom$ by my pupils1 & approv$1 s f> z ,i h kn[n1 by _! p>5ts1 ?\gh f\r or five d5om9ations1 & fifte5 or tw5ty diff]5t congregations h be51 f "t to "t1 repres5t$ 9 ! s*ool4 ,!re are few p>5ts :o w\ld n l to h _! *ildr5 ,*ri/ians2--s9c]ely & practically s2--= e ?+ :i* a p>5t c desire 9 a *ild is promot$1 j 9 proportion z %e op5s h] he>t to ! influ5ce ( ! _s ( piety4 ,b t y may und]/& :at c\rse is tak51 ,i %all describe1 fir/ :at ,i wi% to effect 9 ! he>ts ( my pupils1 & !n :at means ,i take to accompli% ! object4 #a4 ,a l>ge numb] ( "y p]sons ( y\r age1 & 9 circum/ances simil> to ^? 9 :i* y are plac$ p]=m ) "s fidelity _! v>i\s outw>d duties1 b ma9ta9 no habitual & daily communion ) ,god4 ,x is v wrong = !m to live ?us )\t ,god1 b !y d n see1--or r d n feel ! guilt ( x4 ,!y only ?9k ( _! acc\ntability to human be+s l !mselves1 = example _! p>5ts1 tea*]s1 bro!rs & si/]s1 & fri5ds4 ,consequ5tly !y ?9k mo/ ( _! ext]nal conduct1 :i* is all t human be+s c see4 ,_! he>ts are neglect$ & become v impure1--full ( evil ?\ghts1 & desires1 & passions1 :i* are n rep5t$ (1 & consequ5tly n =giv54 ,n[ :at ,i wi% to accompli% 9 reg>d to all my pupils is1 t !y %\ld beg9 to feel _! acc\ntability to ,god1 & to act accord+ to x4 ,t !y %\ld explore _! he>ts & ask ,god's =giv5ess = all _! pa/ s9s1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o di$ = !m t !y might be =giv52 & t !y %\ld f ?is "t1 try to live ne> to ,god1 feel 8 pres5ce1 & enjoy t solid peace & happ9ess :i* fl[s f a s5se ( 8 protection4 ,:5 su* a *ange takes place1 x relieves ! m9d f t con/ant & irritat+ uneas9ess1 :i* ! great mass ( mank9d feel z a con/ant burd52 ! ceaseless =ebod+s ( a tr\bl$ consci5ce1 reproa*+ !m = _! pa/ accumulat$ guilt1 & w>n+ !m ( a judgm5t to come4 ,! *ange :i* ,i endeavor to promote1 relieves ! he>t-bo? ( ! pres5t suff]+ & ( ! future dang]4 ,aft] endeavor+ to induce y to beg9 to act f ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 ,i wi% to expla9 to y1 y\r v>i\s duties to y\rselves1 y\r p>5ts1 & to ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,! measures to :i* ,i resort to accompli% ^! objects are ?ree4 ,fir/4 ,religi\s ,ex]cises 9 ,s*ool4 ,we op5 & close ! s*ool ) a v %ort pray]1 & "o or two v]ses ( a hymn4 ,sometimes ,i occupy t5 or fifte5 m9utes at "o ( ! g5]al ex]cises1 or at ! close ( ! s*ool1 9 giv+ in/ruction ^u practical religi\s duty4 ,! subjects are sometimes sugge/$ by a passage ( scripture read = ! purpose1 b m commonly 9 ano!r way4 ,y w obs]ve (t5 at ! close ( ! s*ool or at an appo9t$ g5]al ex]cise1 t a s*ol> w br+ to my desk a d>k-color$ morocco wrapp]1 conta9+ sev]al small /rips ( pap] ^u :i* que/ions relat+ to moral or religi\s duty1 or subjects = rem>ks f me1 or anecdotes1 or %ort /atem5ts ( facts1 giv+ rise to inquiries ( v>i\s k9ds1 are writt54 ,?is wrapp] is deposit$ 9 a place accessible to all ! s*ol>s1 & any "o :o pleases1 deposits 9 x any "q or sugge/ion on religi\s subjects :i* may occur to h]4 ,y c1 at any "t1 d ?is y\rself1 ?us pres5t+ any d\bt1 or difficulty1 or inquiry1 :i* may at any "t occur to y4 ,second4 ,religi\s ,ex]cise on ,saturday aft]noon4 ,9 ord] to br+ up m di/9ctly & sy/ematically ! subject ( religi\s duty1 ,i e/abli%$ a long "t ago1 a religi\s meet+ on ,saturday aft]noon4 ,x is int5d$ = ^? :o feel int]e/$ 9 receiv+ su* in/ruction1 & :o c conv5i5tly att5d at t "t4 ,if y h n o!r engagem5ts1 & if y\r p>5ts approve ( x1 ,i %\ld be happy to h y att5d4 ,!re w be v little to int]e/ y except ! subject itself1 = ,i make all ! in/ructions :i* ,i give !re z pla91 direct1 & practical z is 9 my p[]4 ,a consid]able numb] ( ! s*ol>s usually att5d1 & frequ5tly br+ ) !m _m ( _! female fri5ds4 ,y c at any "t invite any "o :om y please1 to come to ! meet+4 ,x comm5ces at half pa/ ?ree & cont9ues ab\t half an h\r4 ,?ird4 ,p]sonal religi\s in/ruction4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! l>ge numb] ( my pupils1 & ! con/ant occupation ( my "t 9 s*ool1 ,i h sc>cely any opportunity ( religi\s conv]sation ) !m1 ev5 ) ^? :o p>ticul>ly desire x4 ,! practice has !re=e aris51 & gradually ext5d$ itself almo/ univ]sally 9 s*ool1 ( writ+ to me on ! subject4 ,^! communications are usually brief notes1 express+ ! writ]'s int]e/ 9 ! duties ( piety1 or br++ =w>d h] own peculi> practical difficulties1 or mak+ specific inquiries1 or ask+ p>ticul> in/ruction 9 reg>d to "s bran* ( religi\s duty4 ,i answ] 9 a simil> way1--v briefly & concisely h[ev]1--= ! numb] ( notes ( ?is k9d :i* ,i receive1 is v l>ge1 & ! "t :i* ,i c devote to su* a correspond5ce necess>ily limit$4 ,i %\ld l to receive su* communications f all my pupils2 = advice or in/ruction communicat$ 9 reply1 be+ directly p]sonal1 is f> m likely to produce effect4 ,besides my rem>ks be+ 9 writ+1 c be read a second "t1 & be m att5tively consid]$ & re-consid]$1 ?an :5 words are m]ely spok54 ,^! communications mu/ always be begun by ! pupil4 ,i nev]1 7unless !re may be occasional exceptions 9 "s few v peculi> cases7 comm5ce4 ,i am prev5t$ f do+ ?is bo? by my unwill+ness to obtrude su* a subject p]sonally ^u ^? :o might n welcome x1 & by want ( "t4 ,i h sc>cely "t to write to all ^? :o are will+ fir/ to write to me4 ,_m cases h occurr$ :]e individuals h /rongly desir$ "s private communication ) me1 b h hesitat$ long1 & %runk reluctantly f ! fir/ /ep4 ,i hope x w n be s ) y4 ,%\ld y ev] wi% to receive f me any direct religi\s in/ruction1 ,i hope y w write imm$iately & freely4 ,i %all v probably n ev5 notice t x is ! fir/ "t ,i h receiv$ su* a communication f y4 ,s num]\s & s frequ5t are ^! communications t ,i seldom obs]ve1 :5 ,i receive "o f any individual = ! fir/ "t1 t x comes f "o :o has n writt5 me be=e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* are ! means to :i* ,i resort 9 endeavor+ to lead my pupils to ,god & to duty4 ,& y w obs]ve t ! :ole design ( !m is to w9 & to allure1 n to compel4 ,! regul> devotional ex]cises ( s*ool1 are all :i* y w necess>ily witness4 ,^! are v %ort1 occupy+ mu* less "t ?an _m ( ! pupils ?9k desirable4 ,! re/ is all private & volunt>y4 ,i nev] make any ef=t to urge any "o to att5d ! ,saturday meet+1 nor d ,i1 except 9 a few r>e & peculi> cases1 ev] address any "o p]sonally1 unless %e desires to be s address$4 ,y w be left !re=e 9 ?is s*ool unmole/$1--to *oose y\r own way4 ,if y %\ld *oose to neglect religi\s duty1 & to w&] away f ,god1 ,i %all /ill d all 9 my p[] to make y happy 9 s*ool1 & to secure = y 9 future life1 su* a measure ( enjoym5t1 z c fall to ! %>e ( "o1 ov] ^: prospects 9 ano!r _w !re hangs s gloomy a cl\d4 ,i %all nev] reproa* y1 & p]haps may n ev5 "k :at y\r *oice is4 ,%\ld y on ! o!r h& pref] ! peace & happ9ess ( piety1 & be will+ to beg9 to walk 9 its pa?s1 y w f9d _m bo? among ! tea*]s & pupils ( ! ,mt4 ,v]non ,s*ool to sympa?ize ) y1 & to enc\rage & help y on y\r way4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,s*em+4 ,! be/ tea*]s 9 our c\ntry1 or r ^? :o might be ! be/1 lose a great deal ( _! "t1 & endang]1 or p]haps entirely de/roy _! hopes ( success1 by a s*em+ _s1 :i* is always rea*+ =w>d to some?+ new4 ,"o has 9 8 m9d "s new s*ool book1 by :i* ,ari?metic1 ,gramm>1 or ,geography are to be taught ) unexampl$ rapidity1 & 8 own purse to be fill$1 9 a mu* m easy way1 ?an by wait+ = ! rew>ds ( pati5t indu/ry4 ,ano!r has ! plan ( a s*ool1 br++ into op]ation new pr9ciples ( managem5t or in/ruction1 :i* he is to e/abli% on "s favor$ spot1 & :i* is to become 9 a few ye>s a second ,h(wyl4 ,ano!r has "s royal road to le>n+1 & ?\gh he is trammel$ & held d[n by :at he calls ! ignorance & /upidity ( 8 ,tru/ees or 8 ,s*ool ,committee1 yet if he c\ld fairly put 8 pr9ciples & me?ods to ! te/1 he is c]ta9 ( advanc+ ! sci5ce ( ,education half a c5tury at lea/1 at a s+le leap4 ,+5uity 9 devis+ new ways1 & ent]prise 9 foll[+ !m1 are among ! happie/ *>act]i/ics ( a new c\ntry rapidly fill+ ) a ?riv+ population4 ,)\t ^! qualities !re c\ld be no advance2 society mu/ be /ation>y2 & f a /ation>y to a retrograde condition1 ! progress is inevitable4 ,! disposition to make improvem5ts & *anges may h[ev] be too great4 ,if s1 x mu/ he *eck$4 ,on ! o!r h& a slavi% atta*m5t to old e/abli%$ practices may prevail4 ,!n ! _s ( ent]prise & exp]im5t mu/ be awak5$ & enc\rag$4 ,:i* ( ^! two is to be ! duty ( a writ] at any "t1 w ( c\rse dep5d ^u ! situation ( ! community at ! "t he writes1 & ( ! class ( read]s = :i* he takes 8 p54 ,n[ at ! pres5t "t1 x is und\bt$ly true1 t1 :ile among ! great mass ( tea*]s !re may be too little orig9ality & ent]prise1 !re is /ill among _m a _s ( innovation & *ange1 to :i* a caution ought to be address$4 ,b be=e ,i proce$1 let me protect myself f misconception by "o or two rem>ks4 #a4 ,!re are a few individuals 9 v>i\s p>ts ( our c\ntry1 :o by +5uity & ent]prise1 h made real & important improvem5ts 9 _m dep>tm5ts ( our sci5ce1 & are /ill mak+ !m4 ,! sci5ce is to be c>ri$ =w>d by su* m54 ,let !m n !re=e und]/& t any ?+ :i* ,i %all say1 applies at all to ^? real improvem5ts :i* are f "t to "t1 br\ght be=e ! public4 ,z examples ( ?is !re might easily be m5tion$1 7 x necess>y1 sev]al new modes ( /udy1 & new text books1 & lit]>y in/itutions on new plans1 :i* h be5 br\ght =w>d )9 a few ye>s1 & prov$1 on actual trial1 to be ( real & p]man5t value4 ,^! are1 or r !y 71 :5 fir/ conceiv$ by ! orig9al projectors1 new s*emes2 & ! result has prov$ t !y 7 good ones4 ,e tea*] too mu/ hope t su* improvem5ts w cont9ue to be made4 ,let no?+ !re=e :i* %all be said on ! subject ( s*em+ 9 ?is *apt]1 be int]pret$ z int5d$ to condemn real improvem5ts ( ?is k9d1 or to *eck ^? :i* may n[ be 9 progress1 by m5 ( age or exp]i5ce1 or ( s\nd judgm5t1 :o are capable ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 a real improvem5t & a :imsical innovation1 :i* c nev] live any long] ?an x is su/a9$ by ! en?usiasm ( ! orig9al inv5tor4 #b4 ,!re are a great _m tea*]s 9 our c\ntry1 :o make _! bus9ess a m]e dull & =mal r\t9e1 ?r\gh :i* !y plod on1 mon? aft] mon?1 & ye> aft] ye>1 )\t v>iety or *ange1 & :o are incl9$ to /igmatize ) ! appellation ( idle s*em+1 all plans1 ( :atev] k9d1 to give v>iety or int]e/ to ! ex]cises ( ! s*ool4 ,n[ :atev] may be said 9 ?is *apt] aga9/ unnecess>y innovation & *ange1 does n apply to ef=ts to secure v>iety 9 ! details ( daily /udy1 :ile ! great lead+ objects are /eadily pursu$4 ,?is subject has already be5 discuss$ 9 ! *apt] on ,in/ruction1 :]e x has be5 %[n t e wise tea*]1 :ile he pursues ! same great object1 & adopts 9 sub/ance ! same lead+ measures at all times1 w ex]cise all ! +5uity he possesses1 & br+ all 8 inv5tive p[]s into requisition to give v>iety & int]e/ to ! m9ute details4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to expla9 n[ :at is meant by su* s*em+ z is to be condemn$1 let u suppose a case1 :i* is n v uncommon4 ,a "y man1 :ile prep>+ = college1 takes a s*ool4 ,:5 he fir/ ent]s ^u ! duties ( 8 (fice1 he is diffid5t & timid1 & walks cauti\sly 9 ! /eps :i* prec$5t has m>k$ out = him4 ,di/ru/+ himself1 he seeks guidance 9 ! example :i* o!rs h set = him1 & v probably he imitates precisely1 ?\gh x may be ins5sibly & involunt>ily1 ! mann]s & ! plans ( 8 own la/ tea*]4 ,?is s]vitude soon h[ev]1 if he is a man ( natural abilities1 passes away3 he le>ns to try "o exp]im5t aft] ano!r1 until he ins5sibly f9ds t a plan may succe$1 ev5 if x 0 n pursu$ by 8 =m] tea*]4 ,s f> x is well4 ,he ?r[s great] int]e/ into 8 s*ool1 & into all its ex]cises by ! _s ) :i* he conducts !m4 ,he is successful4 ,aft] ! p]iod ( 8 s]vices has expir$1 he returns to ! pursuit ( 8 /udies1 enc\rag$ by 8 success1 & anticipat+ fur!r triumphs 9 8 subsequ5t attempts4 ,he goes on ?r\gh college we w suppose1 tea*+ f "t to "t 9 ! vacations1 z opportunity occurs1 tak+ m & m int]e/ 9 ! employm5t1 & meet+ ) great] & great] success4 ,?is success is ow+ 9 a v great degree to ! fre$om ( 8 practice1 t is to 8 escape f ! ?raldom ( imitation4 ,s long z he leaves ! great objects ( ! s*ool unt\*$1 & ! great features ( its organization un*ang$1 8 _m plans = accompli%+ ^! objects 9 new & v>i\s ways1 awak5 int]e/ & _s bo? 9 himself & 9 8 s*ol>s1 & all goes on well4 ,n[ 9 su* a case z ?is1 a "y tea*] philosophiz+ ^u 8 success & ! causes ( x1 w almo/ inv>iably make ?is mi/ake2 viz41 he w attribute to some?+ ess5tially excell5t 9 8 plans1 ! success :i*1 9 fact results f ! novelty ( !m4 ,:5 he proposes some?+ new to a class1 !y all take an int]e/ 9 x1 because x is new4 ,he takes1 too1 a special int]e/ 9 x because x is an exp]im5t :i* he is try+1 & he feels a sort ( pride & pleasure 9 secur+ its success4 ,! new me?od :i* he adopts1 may n be1 9 itself1 9 ! lea/ degree bett] ?an old me?ods4 ,yet x may succe$ va/ly bett] 9 8 h&s1 ?an any old me?od he _h tri$ be=e4 ,& :y8 ,:y because x is new4 ,x awak5s int]e/ 9 8 class1 because x (f]s !m v>iety1 & x awak5s int]e/ 9 him1 because x is a plan :i* he has devis$1 & = ^: success !re=e he feels t 8 cr$it is at /ake4 ,ei!r ( ^! circum/ances is abundantly suffici5t to acc\nt = its success4 ,ei!r ( ^! w\ld secure success1 unless ! plan 0 a v bad "o inde$4 ,?is may easily be illu/rat$ by suppos+ a p>ticul> case4 ,! tea*] has1 we w imag9e1 be5 accu/om$ to tea* spell+ 9 ! usual way1 by assign+ a lesson 9 ! spell+ book1 :i* ! s*ol>s h /udi$ 9 _! seats1 & !n !y h recit$ by hav+ ! words put to !m individually 9 ! class4 ,aft] sometime1 he f9ds t "o class has lo/ its int]e/ 9 ?is /udy4 ,he c make !m get ! lesson x is true1 b he p]ceives p]haps t x is a we>y task to !m4 ,( c\rse !y proce$ ) less alacrity1 & consequ5tly ) less rapidity & success4 ,he ?9ks1 v ju/ly1 t x is highly desirable to secure *e]ful1 n =c$1 reluctant ef=ts f 8 pupils1 & he ?9ks ( try+ "s new plan4 ,accord+ly he says to !m1 ,boys1 ,i am go+ to try a new plan = ?is class4 ,! m]e annunciation ( a new plan awak5s univ]sal att5tion4 ,! boys all look up1 wond]+ :at x is to be4 ,in/ead ( hav+ y /udy y\r lessons 9 y\r seats1 z h]et(ore1 ,i am go+ to let y all g toge!r into "o corn] ( ! room1 & *oose "s "o to read ! lesson to y1 spell+ all ! words al\d4 ,y w all li/5 & endeavor to rememb] h[ ! difficult ones are spell$4 ,d y ?9k y c rememb]8 ,yes1 sir1 say ! boys4 ,*ildr5 always ?9k !y c d e ?+ :i* is propos$ to !m z a new plan or exp]im5t1 ?\gh !y are v (t5 incl9$ to ?9k !y _c d :at is requir$ ( !m z a task4 ,y may h1 cont9ues ! tea*]1 ! words read to y once1 or twice1 j z y please4 ,only if y h !m read b once1 y mu/ take a %ort] lesson4 ,he pauses & looks r\nd ^u ! class4 ,"s say1 ,once1 "s1 ,twice4 ,i am will+ t y %\ld decide ?is "q4 ,h[ _m are 9 favor ( hav+ %ort] lessons1 & hav+ !m read b once8----,h[ _m pref] long] lessons1 & hav+ !m read twice8 ,aft] comp>+ ! numb]s1 x is decid$ accord+ to ! majority1 & ! tea*] assigns1 or all[s !m to assign a lesson4 ,n[1 he proce$s1 ,i am n only go+ to h y /udy 9 a diff]5t way1 b recite 9 a diff]5t way too4 ,y may take y\r slates ) y1 & aft] y h _h "t to he> ! lesson read sl[ly & c>efully twice1 ,i %all come & dictate to y ! words al\d1 & y w all write !m f my dictation4 ,!n ,i %all exam9e y\r slates1 & see h[ _m mi/akes are made4 ,any class ( boys n[ w\ld be exce$+ly int]e/$ 9 su* a proposal z ?is1 especially if ! ma/]'s ord9>y pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t & in/ruction _h be5 su*1 z to int]e/ ! pupils 9 ! welf>e ( ! s*ool1 & 9 _! own progress 9 /udy4 ,!y w come toge!r 9 ! place assign$1 & li/5 to ! "o :o is appo9t$ to read ! words to !m1 ) e faculty ar\s$1 & _! :ole s\ls engross$ 9 ! new duties assign$ !m4 ,! tea*]1 too1 feels a special int]e/ 9 8 exp]im5t4 ,:atev] else be may be employ$ ab\t1 8 eye turns in/9ctively to ?is gr\p1 ) an int5sity ( int]e/1 :i* an exp]i5c$ tea*] :o has long be5 9 ! field1 & :o has tri$ exp]im5ts ( ?is sort a hundr$ times1 c sc>cely conceive4 ,= let x be rememb]$ t ,i am describ+ ! acts & feel+s ( a new beg9n]2 ( "o :o is comm5c+ 8 "w1 ) a feeble & trembl+ /ep1 & p]haps ?is is 8 fir/ /ep f ! beat5 pa? 9 :i* he has be5 accu/om$ to walk4 ,?is new plan is cont9u$1 we w suppose1 a week1 dur+ :i* "t ! int]e/ ( ! pupils cont9ues4 ,!y get long] lessons1 & make few] mi/akes ?an !y did by ! old me?od4 ,n[ 9 speculat+ on ?is subject1 ! tea*] reasons v ju/ly1 t x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r ! pupil receives 8 k ?r\gh ! eye1 or ?r\gh ! e>2 :e!r !y /udy 9 solitude or 9 company4 ,! po9t is to secure _! progress 9 le>n+ to spell ! words ( ! ,engli% language1 & z ?is po9t is secur$ f> m rapidly & effectually by 8 new me?od1 ! inf]5ce is to 8 m9d v obvi\s1 t he has made a great improvem5t1--"o ( real & p]man5t value4 ,p]haps he w consid] x an extraord9>y discov]y4 ,b ! tru? is1 t 9 almo/ all su* cases z ?is1 ! secret ( ! success is1 n t ! tea*] has discov]$ a bett] me?od ?an ! ord9>y ones1 b t he has discov]$ a new "o4 ,! exp]im5t w succe$ 9 produc+ m successful results1 j z long z ! novelty ( x cont9ues to excite unusual int]e/ & att5tion 9 ! class1 or ! ?\ght t x is a plan ( ! tea*]'s own inv5tion1 leads him to take a peculi> int]e/ 9 x4 ,& ?is may be a mon?1 or p]haps a qu>t]1 & precisely ! same effects w\ld h be5 produc$1 if ! :ole _h be5 rev]s$1 t is1 if ! plan ( dictation _h be5 ! old "o1 :i* 9 process ( "t _h1 9 ?is suppos$ s*ool1 lo/ its int]e/1 & ! tea*] by 8 +5uity & ent]prise _h discov]$ & introduc$ :at is n[ ! common mode4 ,v well1 p]haps my read] w reply1 x is surely some?+ ga9$ to awak5 & cont9ue int]e/ 9 a dull /udy1 = a qu>t]1 or ev5 a mon?4 ,! exp]im5t is wor? some?+ z a pleasant & useful *ange1 ev5 if x is n p]man5tly sup]ior to ! o!r4 ,x is inde$ wor? some?+4 ,x is wor? a great deal2 & ! tea*] :o c devise & execute su* plans1 und]/&+ _! real place & value1 & adh]+ /eadily ?r\gh !m all1 to ! great object :i* ought to engage 8 att5tion1 is 9 ! almo/ c]ta9 road to success z an in/ruct]4 ,:at ,i wi% is1 n to disc\rage su* ef=ts2 !y ought to be enc\rag$ to ! utmo/1 b to h _! real nature & design1 & ! real secret ( _! success fully und]/ood1 & to h ! tea*]1 above all1 take good c>e t all 8 new plans are made1 n ! sub/itutes = ! great objects :i* he ought to keep /eadily 9 view1 b only ! means by :i* he may c>ry !m into m full & complete effect4 ,9 ! case we are suppos+ h[ev]1 we w imag9e t ! tea*] does n d ?is4 ,he fancies t he has made an important discov]y1 & beg9s to inquire :e!r ! pr9ciple1 z he calls x1 _c be appli$ to "s o!r /udies4 ,he goes to philosophiz+ ^u x1 & c f9d _m reasons :y k receiv$ ?r\gh ! e> makes a m ready & la/+ impression1 ?an :5 x comes ?r\gh ! eye4 ,he tries to apply ! me?od to ,ari?metic & ,geography1 & 9 a %ort "t is =m+ plans = ! complete metamorphosis ( 8 s*ool4 ,:5 engag$ 9 he>+ a recitation1 8 m9d is di/ract$ ) 8 s*emes & plans2 & in/ead ( devot+ 8 att5tion fully to ! "w he may h 9 h&1 8 ?\ghts are w&]+ cont9ually to new s*emes & fanci$ improvem5ts1 :i* agitate & p]plex him1 & :i* elude 8 ef=ts to give !m a di/9ct & def9ite =m4 ,he ?9ks he mu/ h[ev]1 c>ry out 8 pr9ciple4 ,he ?9ks ( its applicability to a ?\s& o!r cases4 ,he revolves1 ov] & ov] aga9 9 8 m9d1 plans = *ang+ ! :ole arrangem5t ( 8 s*ool4 ,he is aga9 & aga9 lo/ 9 p]plexity1 8 m9d is engross$ & di/ract$1 & 8 pres5t duties are p]=m$ ) no int]e/1 & consequ5tly ) little _s or success4 ,n[ 8 error is 9 all[+ a new idea1 :i* ought only to h sugge/$ to him an agreeable *ange = a "t1 9 "o ( 8 classes1 to swell itself into undue & exagg]at$ importance1 & to draw (f 8 m9d f :at ought to be ! objects ( 8 /eady pursuit4 ,p]haps "s tea*] ( /eady intellectual habits & a well balanc$ m9d may ?9k t ?is picture is fanciful1 & t !re is little dang] t su* consequ5ces w ev] actually result f su* a cause4 ,b f> f hav+ exagg]at$ ! results1 ,i am ( op9ion t ,i might h gone mu* f>!r4 ,!re is no d\bt t a great _m in/ances h occurr$1 9 :i* "s simple idea l ! "o ,i h allud$ to1 has l$ ! unlucky conceiv] ( x1 9 8 eag] pursuit f> deep] into ! difficulty1 ?an ,i h "h suppos$4 ,he gets into a cont5tion ) ! s*ool committee1 t =midable foe to ! projects ( all s*em+ tea*]s2 & x w\ld n be v difficult to f9d _m actual cases1 :]e ! individual has1 9 consequ5ce ( "s su* idea1 quietly plann$ & tak5 measures to e/abli% "s new in/itution1 :]e he c c>ry on1 unmole/$1 8 plans1 & let ! _w see ! full results ( 8 wond]ful discov]ies4 ,we h 9 our c\ntry a v complete sy/em ( lit]>y in/itutions1 s f> z ext]nal organization w g1 & ! prospect ( success is f> m favorable 9 ef=ts to c>ry ^! in/itutions into m complete & prosp]\s op]ation1 ?an 9 plans = *ang+ !m1 or sub/itut+ o!rs 9 _! /ead4 ,7 x n t su* a c\rse w\ld be unju/ to individuals1 a long & melan*oly catalogue might easily be made out1 ( abortive plans :i* h sprung up 9 ! m9ds ( "y m51 9 ! mann] ,i h describ$1 & :i* aft] p]haps tempor>y success1 h result$ 9 p>tial or total failure4 ,^! failures are ( e k9d4 ,"s are s*ool-books on a new plan1 :i* succe$ 9 ! inv5tor's h&1 *iefly on acc\nt ( ! _s :i* c>ri$ x into effect2 b :i* 9 ord9>y h&s1 & "u ord9>y circum/ances1 & especially aft] long cont9u$ use1 h fail$ ( exhibit+ any sup]iority4 ,o!rs are in/itutions1 comm5c$ ) great zeal by ! projectors1 & :i* succe$ j z long z t zeal cont9ues4 ,zeal w make any ?+ succe$ = a "t4 ,o!rs are new plans ( in/ruction or gov]nm5t1 g5]ally f\nd$ on "s good pr9ciple c>ri$ to an extreme1 or made to gr[ into exagg]at$ & disproportionate importance4 ,examples almo/ innum]able1 ( ^! ?+s might be p>ticul>iz$1 if x 7 prop]1 & x w\ld be f\nd ^u exam9ation1 t ! am\nt ( +5uity & labor wa/$ ^u su* attempts1 w\ld h be5 suffici5t1 if prop]ly exp5d$1 to h elevat$ v consid]ably ! /&>d ( education1 & to h plac$ exi/+ in/itutions 9 a f> m prosp]\s & ?riv+ /ate ?an !y n[ exhibit4 ,! read] w p]haps ask1 %all we make no ef=ts at improvem5t8 ,mu/ e ?+ 9 education g on 9 a uni=m & monoton\s mann]2 & :ile all else is advanc+1 %all our cause alone /& /ill8 ,by no means4 ,x mu/ advance2 b let x advance ma9ly by ! indu/ry & fidelity ( ^? :o are employ$ 9 x2 by *anges sl[ly & cauti\sly made2 n by great ef=ts to rea* =w>d to brilliant discov]ies1 :i* w draw (f ! att5tion f ess5tial duties1 & aft] lead+ ! projector ?r\gh p]plexities & difficulties )\t numb]1 end 9 mortification & failure4 ,7 ,i to give a few concise & summ>y directions 9 reg>d to ?is subject to a "y tea*]1 !y w\ld be ! foll[+3 #a4 ,exam9e ?or\ghly ! sy/em ( public & private s*ools z n[ con/itut$ 9 ,new ,engl&1 until y fully und]/& x1 & appreciate its excell5ces & its complet5ess2 see h[ fully x provides = ! wants ( ! v>i\s classes ( our population4 ,by ?is ,i mean to ref] only to ! complet5ess ( ! sy/em1 z a sy/em ( organization4 ,i d n ref] at all to ! int]nal managem5t ( ^! in/itutions3 ?is la/ is1 ( c\rse1 a field = imm$iate & univ]sal ef=t at progress & improvem5t4 #b4 ,if aft] fully und]/&+ ?is sy/em z x n[ exi/s1 y are ( op9ion t some?+ m is necess>y2 if y ?9k "s classes ( ! community are n fully provid$ =1 or t "s ( our in/itutions may be advantage\sly ex*ang$ = o!rs1 ^: plan y h 9 m9d2 consid] :e!r y\r age1 & exp]i5ce1 & /&+1 z an in/ruct] are su* z to enable y to place confid5ce 9 y\r op9ion4 ,i d n mean by ?is1 t a "y man may n make a useful discov]y2 b only t he may be l$ away by ! ardor ( e>ly life1 to fancy t ess5tial & important1 :i* is really n s4 ,x is important t ea* "o %\ld det]m9e :e!r ?is is n ! case ) himself1 if 8 m9d is revolv+ "s new plan4 #c4 ,p]haps y are contemplat+ only a s+le new in/itution1 :i* is to dep5d = its success1 on y\rself & "s coadjutors :om y h 9 m9d1 & :om y well "k4 ,if ?is is ! case1 consid] :e!r ! e/abli%m5t y are contemplat+ c be c>ri$ on1 aft] y %all h left x1 by su* m5 z c ord9>ily be obta9$4 ,if ! plan is f\nd$ on "s peculi> notions ( y\r own1 :i* w\ld enable y to succe$ 9 x1 :5 o!rs1 also int]e/$ 9 su* a s*eme1 w\ld probably fail1 consid] :e!r !re may n be dang] t y\r plan may be imitat$ by o!rs1 :o _c c>ry x into successful op]ation1 s t x may be ! indirect means ( do+ injury4 ,a man is1 9 "s degree1 responsible = 8 example1 & = ! consequ5ces :i* may indirectly fl[ f 8 c\rse1 z well z = ! imm$iate results :i* he produces4 ,! ,fell5b]g s*ool at ,h(wyl has p]haps1 by its direct results1 be5 z successful = a giv5 "t1 z p]haps any o!r in/itution 9 ! _w2 b !re is a great (fset to ! good :i* x has ?us done1 to be f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ?\s& wret*$ imitations ( x1 :i* h be5 />t$ only to l+] a little :ile & die1 & 9 :i* a va/ am\nt ( "t1 & tal5t1 & money h be5 wa/$4 ,consid] ! influ5ce y may h ^u ! o!r in/itutions ( our c\ntry1 by atta*+ y\rself to "s "o "u ! exi/+ organization4 ,if y take an academy or a private s*ool1 con/itut$ & organiz$ l o!r simil> in/itutions1 success 9 y\r own1 w give y influ5ce ov] o!rs4 ,a successful tea*] ( an academy1 raises ! /&>d ( academic in/ruction4 ,a college pr(essor1 if he br+s extraord9>y tal5ts to be> ^u ! regul> duties ( t (fice1 ?r[s light1 univ]sally1 ^u ! :ole sci5ce ( college discipl9e & in/ruction4 ,by go+1 h[ev]1 to "s new field1 e/abli%+ "s new & fanciful in/itution1 y take y\rself f su* a sph]e2--y ex]t no influ5ce ov] o!rs1 except ^u feeble imitators1 :o fail 9 _! attempts1 & br+ discr$it ^u y\r plans by ! awkw>dness ) :i* !y attempt to adopt !m4 ,h[ mu* m s]vice to ! cause ( education1 h ,pr(essors ,cleavel& & ,silliman r5d]$ by fall+ 9 ) ! regul>ly organiz$ in/itutions ( ! c\ntry1 & elevat+ !m1 ?an if 9 e>ly life1 !y _h giv5 !mselves to "s magnific5t project ( an e/abli%m5t1 to :i* _! tal5ts w\ld unque/ionably h giv5 tempor>y success1 b :i* w\ld h tak5 !m away f ! community ( tea*]s1 & conf9$ ! results ( _! labors to ! m imm$iate effects :i* _! daily duties might produce4 #e4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 y\r plan is n ! e/abli%m5t ( "s new in/itution1 b ! introduction ( "s new /udy or pursuit into ! "o ) :i* y are connect$4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 y int]rupt ! regul> plans ( y\r s*ool to make su* a *ange1 consid] c>efully :at is ! real & appropriate object ( y\r in/itution4 ,e ?+ is n to be done 9 s*ool4 ,! pr9ciples ( division ( labor apply ) peculi> =ce to ?is employm5t2 s t y mu/ n only consid] :e!r ! bran*1 :i* y are n[ dispos$ to introduce1 is important1 b :e!r x is really su* an "o z x is1 on ! :ole1 be/ to include among ! objects to be pursu$ 9 su* an in/itution4 ,_m tea*]s seem to imag9e1 t if any ?+ is 9 itself important1 & especially if x is an important bran* ( education1 ! "q is settl$ ( its be+ a prop] object ( att5tion 9 s*ool4 ,b ?is is v f> f be+ ! case4 ,! :ole "w ( education c nev] be intru/$ to ! tea*]4 ,mu* mu/ ( c\rse rema9 9 ! h&s ( ! p>5t2 x ought s to rema94 ,! object ( a s*ool is n to take *ildr5 out ( ! p>5tal h&s1 sub/itut+ ! wat* & gu>dian%ip ( a /rang]1 = ! natural c>e ( fa!r & "m4 ,f> f x4 ,x is only ! association ( ! *ildr5 = ^? purposes :i* c be m successfully accompli%$ by association4 ,x is an union = few1 specific1 & limit$ objects1 = ! accompli%m5t ( t "p1 7& x is comp>atively a small "p ( ! g5]al objects ( education7 :i* c be mo/ successfully affect$ by public in/itutions1 & 9 assemblies ( ! "y4 #f4 ,if ! bran* :i* y are desir+ to introduce appe>s to y to be an important "p ( education1 & if x seems to y t x c be mo/ successfully att5d$ to 9 s*ools1 !n consid] :e!r ! introduction ( x1 & ( all ! o!r bran*es hav+ equal claims1 w1 or w n give to ! common s*ools too great a complexity4 ,consid] :e!r x w succe$ 9 ! h&s ( ord9>y tea*]s4 ,consid] :e!r x w require s mu* "t & ef=t1 z w draw (f1 9 any consid]able degree1 ! att5tion ( ! tea*] f ! m ess5tial p>ts ( 8 duty4 ,all w admit t x is highly important t e s*ool %\ld be simple 9 its plan1--z simple z its size & g5]al circum/ances w p]mit1 & especially1 t ! public s*ools 9 e t[n & village ( our c\ntry %\ld nev] lose sight ( :at is1 & mu/ be1 aft] all1 _! great design--tea*+ ! :ole population to read1 write1 & calculate4 #g4 ,if x is a s*ool-book1 :i* y are wi%+ to introduce1 consid] well be=e y wa/e y\r "t 9 prep>+ x1 & y\r spirits 9 ! vexati\s "w ( gett+ x ?r\gh ! press1 :e!r x is1 = g5]al use1 s sup]ior to ^? already publi%$1 z to induce tea*]s to make a *ange 9 favor ( y\rs4 ,i h italicis$ ! words = g5]al use1 = no delusion is m common ?an = a tea*] to suppose1 t because a text-book :i* he has prep>$ & uses 9 manuscript1 is bett] = him ?an any o!r "w :i* he c obta91 x w !re=e be bett] = g5]al circulation4 ,e man1 if he has any orig9ality ( m9d1 has ( c\rse "s peculi> me?od ( 8 own1 & he c ( c\rse prep>e a text-book :i* w be bett] adapt$ to ?is me?od1 ?an ^? ord9>ily 9 use4 ,! hi/ory ( a va/ multitude ( textbooks1 ,ari?metics1 ,geographies1 & ,gramm>s1 is ?is4 ,a man ( a some:at +5i\s m9d1 adopts "s peculi> mode ( in/ruction 9 "o ( ^! bran*es1 & is q successful1 n because ! me?od has any v peculi> excell5ce1 b simply because he takes a great] int]e/ 9 x1 bo? on acc\nt ( its novelty & also f ! fact t x is 8 own inv5tion4 ,he conceives ! plan ( writ+ a text-book1 to develope & illu/rate ?is me?od4 ,he hurries ?r\gh ! "w4 ,by "s means or o!r1 he gets x pr9t$4 ,9 due "t x is regul>ly adv]tis$4 ,! ,annals ( ,education gives notice ( x2 ! au?or s5ds a few copies to 8 fri5ds1 & t is ! end ( x4 ,p]haps a few s*ools may make a trial ( x1 & if1 = any reason1 ! tea*]s :o try x are int]e/$ 9 ! "w1 p]haps 9 _! h&s1 x succe$s4 ,b x does n succe$ s well z to attract g5]al att5tion1 & consequ5tly does n get into g5]al circulation4 ,! au?or loses 8 "t & 8 pati5ce4 ,! publi%]1 unless un=tunately x 0 publi%$ on ! au?or's acc\nt1 loses 8 pap]4 ,& 9 a few mon?s1 sc>cely any body kn[s t su* a book ev] saw ! light4 ,x is 9 ?is way1 t ! great multitude ( s*ool-books :i* are n[ con/antly issu+ f ! press1 take _! orig94 ,f> be x f me to disc\rage ! prep>ation ( good s*ool-books4 ,?is dep>tm5t ( our lit]ature (f]s a f9e field = ! ef=ts ( le>n+ & g5ius4 ,:at ,i cont5d aga9/1 is ! endless multiplicity ( useless works1 ha/ily conceiv$ & c>elessly execut$1 & :i* s]ve no purpose1 b to employ uselessly1 tal5ts1 :i* if prop]ly appli$1 might greatly b5efit bo? ! community & ! possessor4 #h4 ,if1 h[ev]1 aft] mature delib]ation y conclude t y h ! plan ( a s*ool-book :i* y ought to try to mature & execute1 be sl[ & cauti\s ab\t x4 ,rememb] t s great is n[ ! competition 9 ?is bran*1 no?+ b sup]ior excell5ces w secure ! favorable reception ( a "w4 ,exam9e all t y\r pr$ecessors h done be=e y4 ,obta91 :atev] may be ! tr\ble & exp5se1 all o!r text books on ! subject1 & exam9e !m ?or\ghly4 ,if y see t y c make a v decid$ advance on all t has be5 done1 & t ! public w probably submit to ! inconv5i5ce & exp5se ( a *ange1 to secure ! result ( y\r labors1 g =w>d sl[ly & ?or\ghly 9 y\r "w4 ,no matt] h[ mu* inve/igation1 h[ mu* "t & labor x may require4 ,! m difficulty y may f9d1 9 ga9+ ! em95ce1 ! less likely w y be to be foll[$ by successful competitors4 #i4 ,consid] 9 =m+ y\r text-book1 n m]ely ! :ole subject on :i* y are to write1 b also look ext5sively & ?or\ghly at ! in/itutions ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & consid] c>efully ! "* ( ! tea*]s by :om y expect x to be us$4 ,sometimes a man publi%es a text-book1 & :5 x fails on trial1 he says1 ,x is because !y did n "k h[ to use x4 ,! book 9 itself 0 good4 ,! :ole fault 0 9 ! awkw>dness & ignorance ( ! tea*]4 ,h[ absurd6 ,z if to make a good text-book1 x 0 n z necess>y to adapt x to tea*]s z to s*ol>s4 ,a good text-book :i* ! tea*]s = :om x 0 int5d$ did n "k h[ to use66 i4 e4 ,a good contrivance b entirely unfit = ! purpose = :i* x 0 int5d$4 #aj4 ,la/ly1 9 e new plan1 consid] c>efully :e!r its success 9 y\r h&s1 aft] y h tri$ x1 & f\nd x successful1 be ow+ to its novelty & to y\r own special int]e/1 or to its own innate & intr9sic sup]iority4 ,if ! =m]1 use x s long z x w la/1 simply to give v>iety & int]e/ to y\r plans4 ,recomm5d x 9 conv]sation or 9 o!r ways to tea*]s ) :om y are acqua9t$2 n z a wond]ful discov]y1 :i* is go+ to *ange ! :ole sci5ce ( education1 b z "o me?od among o!rs1 :i* may be introduc$ f "t to "t1 to relieve ! monotony ( ! tea*]'s labors4 ,9 a ^w d n g away f ! e/abli%$ in/itutions ( our c\ntry1 or deviate f ! great objects :i* are at pres5t1 & ought to be pursu$ by !m1 )\t great caution1 circumspection1 & delib]ate inquiry4 ,b )9 ^! limits1 ex]cise +5uity & inv5tion z mu* z y w4 ,pursue /eadily ! great objects :i* dem& ! tea*]'s att5tion2 !y are simple & few4 ,nev] lose sight ( !m1 nor turn to ! "r or to ! left to foll[ any ignis fatuus :i* may endeavor to allure y away2 b ex]cise z mu* +5uity & ent]prise z y please1 9 giv+ v>iety & int]e/ to ! modes by :i* ^! objects are pursu$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if plann+ & s*em+ are conf9$ )9 ^! limits1 & conduct$ on ^! pr9ciples1 ! tea*] w save all ! agitat+ p]plexity & c>e :i* w o!rwise be 8 cont9ual portion4 ,he c g =w>d peaceably & quietly1 & :ile 8 own success is greatly increas$1 he may be ( ess5tial s]vice to ! cause 9 :i* he is engag$1 by mak+ kn[n 8 v>i\s exp]im5ts & plans to o!rs4 ,= ?is purpose x seems to me highly desirable t e tea*] %\ld ,,keep ,a ,,j\rnal ( all 8 plans4 ,9 ^! %\ld be c>efully ent]$ all 8 exp]im5ts3 ! new me?ods he adopts2 ! c\rse he takes 9 reg>d to difficulties :i* may arise2 & any int]e/+ incid5ts :i* may occur1 :i* x w\ld be useful = him to ref] to1 at "s future "t4 ,^! or ! mo/ int]e/+ ( !m %\ld be made kn[n to o!r tea*]s4 ,?is may be done 9 sev]al ways4 7#a47 ,by publi%+ !m 9 p]iodicals devot$ to education4 ,su* contributions1 furni%$ by judici\s m51 w\ld be among ! mo/ valuable articles 9 su* a "w4 ,!y w\ld be f> m valuable ?an any g5]al speculations1 h[ev] well conceiv$ or express$4 7#b47 ,9 news-pap]s int5d$ = g5]al circulation4 ,!re are v few editors ^: pap]s circulate 9 families1 :o w\ld n gladly receive articles ( ?is k9d1 to fill a tea*]'s dep>tm5t 9 _! columns4 ,if prop]ly writt5 !y w\ld be read ) int]e/ & pr(it by multitudes ( p>5ts1 & w\ld ?r[ mu* light on family gov]nm5t & in/ruction4 7#c47 ,by read+ !m 9 tea*]'s meet+s4 ,if half a doz5 tea*]s :o are associat$ 9 ! same vic9ity1 w\ld meet once a =tnight1 simply to he> ea* o!r's j\rnals1 !y w\ld be amply repaid = _! "t & labor4 ,tea*]'s meet+s w be int]e/+ & useful1 :5 ^? :o come =w>d 9 !m1 w give up ! prevail+ practice ( deliv]+ orations1 & come d[n at once to ! sc5es & to ! bus9ess ( ! s*ool-room4 ,!re is "o topic connect$ ) ! subject ( ?is *apt]1 :i* des]ves a few p>agraphs4 ,i ref] to ! rights ( ! ,committee1 or ! ,tru/ees1 or ,patrons1 9 ! control ( ! s*ool4 ,! "r to su* control1 :5 claim$ at all1 is usually claim$ 9 ref]5ce to ! tea*]'s new plans1 :i* r5d]s x prop] to allude to ! subject "h2 & x ought n to be omitt$1 = a great _m cases occur1 9 :i* tea*]s h difficulties ) ! tru/ees or committee ( _! s*ool4 ,sometimes ^! difficulties h am\nt$ to an op5 rupture2 at o!r times1 only to a slight & tempor>y misund]/&+1 aris+ f :at ! tea*] calls an unwise & unw>rantable int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! committee1 or ! tru/ees1 9 ! arrangem5ts ( ! s*ool4 ,difficulties ( "s sort v (t5 arise4 ,9 fact1 a "r und]/&+ ( ?is subject1 is1 9 mo/ cases1 absolutely ess5tial to ! h>mony & co-op]ation ( ! tea*]1 & ! repres5tatives ( 8 patrons4 ,!re are !n1 x mu/ be recollect$1 ?ree diff]5t p>ties connect$ ) e e/abli%m5t = education2 ! p>5ts ( ! s*ol>s1 ! tea*]1 & ! pupils !mselves4 ,sometimes1 z = example1 9 a common private s*ool1 ! p>5ts are n organiz$1 & :atev] influ5ce !y ex]t1 !y mu/ ex]t 9 _! individual capacity4 ,at o!r times1 z 9 a common di/rict or t[n s*ool1 !y are by law organiz$1 & ! s*ool committee *os5 = ?is purpose1 are _! legal repres5tatives4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 a bo>d ( tru/ees are con/itut$ by ! appo9tm5t ( ! f\nd]s ( ! in/itution1 or by ! legislature ( a /ate1 to :om is committ$ ! ov]sight ( its conc]ns1 & :o are consequ5tly ! repres5tatives ( ! f\nd]s & patrons ( ! s*ool4 ,!re are diff]5ces betwe5 ^! v>i\s modes ( organization :i* ,i %all n n[ /op to exam9e1 z x w be suffici5tly correct = my purpose to consid] !m all z only v>i\s ways ( organiz+ ! employ]s1 9 ! contract1 by :i* ! tea*] is employ$4 ,! tea*] is ! ag5t2 ! patrons1 repres5t$ 9 ^! sev]al ways1 are ! pr9cipals4 ,:51 !re=e1 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs1 ,i use ! ^w employ]s1 ,i mean to be und]/ood to speak ( ! committee1 or ! tru/ees1 or ! visit]s1 or ! p>5ts !mselves1 z ! case1 9 ea* p>ticul> in/itution1 may be2 t is1 ! p]sons1 = ^: purpose1 & at ^: exp5se1 ! in/itution is ma9ta9$2 or _! repres5tatives4 ,n[ !re is a v reasonable1 & almo/ univ]sally e/abli%$ rule1 :i* tea*]s are v frequ5tly prone to =get1 viz41 ! employ$ ought always to be responsible to ! employ]s1 & to be "u _! direction4 ,s obvi\sly reasonable is ?is rule1 & 9 fact1 s absolutely indisp5sable 9 ! transaction ( all ! bus9ess ( life1 t x w\ld be idle to attempt to e/abli% & illu/rate x "h4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 limitations1 & x is applicable to a mu* great] ext5t1 9 "s dep>tm5ts ( human labor1 ?an 9 o!rs4 ,x is applicable to ! bus9ess ( tea*+1 & ?\gh1 ,i confess1 t x is some:at less absolute & imp]i\s "h1 /ill1 x is obligatory1 ,i believe1 to f> great] ext5t1 ?an tea*]s h be5 g5]ally will+ to admit4 ,a "y lady1 ,i w imag9e1 wi%es to introduce ! /udy ( ,botany into h] s*ool4 ,! p>5ts or ! committee object2 !y say1 t !y wi% ! *ildr5 to conf9e _! att5tion exclusively to ! elem5t>y bran*es ( education4 ,x w d !m no good1 says ! *airman ( ! committee1 to le>n by he>t "s doz5 or two ( le>n$ names4 ,we want !m to read well1 to write well1 & to calculate well1 & n to wa/e _! "t 9 /udy+ ab\t pi/ils & /am5s & nons5se4 ,n[ :at is ! duty ( ! tea*] 9 su* a case8 ,:y1 v pla9ly h] duty is ! same z t ( ! ,gov]nor ( a /ate1 :]e ! p1 ?r\gh _! repres5tatives1 regul>ly *os51 negative a proposal1 :i* he consid]s calculat$ to promote ! public good4 ,x is 8 duty to submit to ! public w1 & ?\gh he may prop]ly d all 9 8 p[]1 to pres5t ! subject to 8 employ]s 9 su* a light1 z to lead !m to reg>d x z he does1 he mu/ /ill1 until !y d s reg>d x1 b[ to _! au?ority2 & e magi/rate1 :o takes an enl>g$ & compreh5sive view ( 8 duties z ! executive ( a republican community1 w d ?is )\t any humiliat+ feel+s ( submission to unau?oriz$ int]f]5ce ) 8 plans4 ,he w1 on ! o!r h&1 enjoy ! satisfaction ( feel+ t he conf9es himself to 8 prop] sph]e1 & leave to o!rs1 ! full possession ( rights :i* prop]ly p]ta9 to !m4 ,x is s ) e case1 :]e ! relation ( employ] & employ$ subsi/s4 ,y engage a c>p5t] to erect a h\se = y1 & y pres5t y\r plan2 in/ead ( go+ to "w & execut+ y\r ord]s accord+ to y\r wi%es1 he goes to criticis+ & condemn+ x3 he f9ds fault ) ?is1 & ridicules t1 & tells y1 y ought to make su* & su* an alt]ation 9 x4 ,x is p]fectly "r = him to give 8 op9ion1 9 ! tone & _s ( recomm5dation or sugge/ion1 ) a di/9ct und]/&+ t ) 8 employ] re/s ! p[] & ! "r to decide4 ,b h[ _m tea*]s take possession ( _! s*ool room z ?\gh x 0 an empire 9 :i* !y are supreme1 :o resi/ e int]f]5ce ( _! employ]s1 z !y w\ld an attack ^u _! p]sonal fre$om1 & :o feel1 t 9 reg>d to e ?+ connect$ ) s*ool1 !y h really no actual responsibility4 ,9 mo/ cases1 ! employ]s1 kn[+ h[ s5sitive tea*]s v frequ5tly are on ?is po9t1 acquiesce 9 x1 & leave !m to !mselves4 ,:5ev] 9 any case1 !y ?9k t ! /ate ( ! s*ool requires _! int]f]5ce1 !y come cauti\sly & fe>fully to ! tea*]1 z if !y 7 encroa*+ ^u 8 rights1 in/ead ( advanc+ ) ! confid5ce & directness ) :i* employ]s h always a "r to approa* ! employ$2 & ! tea*]1 ) ! view he has ins5sibly tak5 ( ! subject1 be+ p]haps confirm$ by ! tone & mann] :i* 8 employ]s use1 makes ! conv]sation1 q z (t51 an occasion ( res5tm5t & (f5ce z ( improvem5t4 ,he is sil5t1 p]haps1 b 9 8 he>t he accuses 8 committee or 8 tru/ees ( improp] int]f]5ce 9 8 conc]ns1 z ?\gh x 0 no "p ( _! bus9ess to look aft] "w :i* is go+ =w>d = _! advantage1 & = :i* !y pay4 ,p]haps "s individuals1 :o h _h "s collision ) _! tru/ees or committee1 w ask me if ,i mean1 t a tea*] ought to be entirely & imm$iately "u ! sup]vision & control ( ! tru/ees1 j z a me*anic is :5 employ$ by ano!r man4 ,by no means4 ,!re are v>i\s circum/ances connect$ ) ! nature ( ?is employm5t2 ! impossibility ( ! employ]s fully und]/&+ x 9 all its details2 & ! "* & ! /&+ ( ! tea*] himself1 :i* always w1 9 matt] ( fact1 prev5t ?is4 ,! employ]s always w1 9 a great _m respects1 place m confid5ce 9 ! tea*] & 9 8 views1 ?an !y w 9 _! own4 ,b /ill1 ! ultimate p[] is !irs4 ,ev5 if !y err1--if !y wi% to h a c\rse pursu$ :i* is manife/ly inexp$i5t & wrong1 !y /ill h a "r to decide4 ,x is _! "w3 x is go+ on at _! in/ance1 & at _! exp5se1 & ! p[] ( ultimate decision1 on all disput$ que/ions1 mu/1 f ! v nature ( ! case1 re/ ) !m4 ,! tea*] may1 x is true1 h 8 option ei!r to comply ) _! wi%es or to seek employm5t 9 ano!r sph]e2 b :ile he rema9s 9 ! employ ( any p]sons1 :e!r 9 tea*+ or 9 any o!r s]vice1 he is b\nd to yield to ! wi%es ( 8 employ]s1 :5 !y insi/ ^u x1 & to submit pleasantly to _! direction1 :5 !y %all claim _! und\bt$ "r to direct4 ,?is is to be done1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 :5 !y are wrong1 z well z :5 !y are "r4 ,! obligation ( ! tea*] is n f\nd$ ^u ! sup]ior wisdom ( 8 employ]s1 9 ref]5ce to ! bus9ess = :i* !y h engag$ him1 = !y are v probably 8 inf]iors 9 ?is respect2 b ^u _! "r z employ]s1 to det]m9e h[ _! own "w %all be done4 ,a g>d5]1 we w suppose1 is engag$ by a g5tleman to lay out 8 gr\nds4 ,! g>d5] goes to "w1 & aft] a few h\rs ! g5tleman comes out to see h[ he goes on1 & to give directions4 ,he proposes some?+ :i* ! g>d5]1 :o1 to make ! case /rong]1 we w suppose kn[s bett] t ! proprietor ( ! gr\nds1 consid]s ridicul\s & absurd2 nay1 we w suppose x is ridicul\s & absurd4 ,n[ :at c ! g>d5] d8 ,!re are1 obvi\sly1 two c\rses4 ,he c say to ! proprietor1 aft] a va9 attempt to conv9ce him he is wrong1 ,well1 sir1 ,i w d j z y say4 ,! gr\nds are y\rs3 ,i h no int]e/ 9 x1 or responsibility1 except to accompli% y\r wi%es4 ,?is w\ld be "r4 ,or he might say1 ,sir1 y h a "r to direct ^u y\r own gr\nds1 & ,i d n wi% to int]f]e ) y\r plans2 b ,i mu/ ask y to obta9 ano!r g>d5]4 ,i h a reputation at /ake1 & ?is "w1 if ,i d x ev5 at y\r direction1 w be consid]$ z a specim5 ( my ta/e & ( my plann+1 s t ,i mu/ 9 ju/ice to myself1 decl9e rema9+ 9 y\r employm5t4 ,?is too1 w\ld be "r1 ?\gh probably1 bo? 9 ! bus9ess ( g>d5+ & ( tea*+1 ! case ought to be a /rong "o1 to r5d] x exp$i5t4 ,b x w\ld n be "r = him1 aft] 8 employ] %\ld h gone away1 to say to himself1 ) a feel+ ( res5tm5t at ! imag9>y int]f]5ce2 ,i %all n foll[ any su* directions2 ,i und]/& my own trade & %all receive no in/ructions 9 x f him2 & !n disobey+ all directions1 g on & d ! "w contr>y to ! ord]s ( 8 employ]1 :o alone has a "r to decide4 ,& yet a great _m tea*]s take a c\rse z absurd & unju/ifiable z ?is w\ld be4 ,:5ev] ! p>5ts1 or ! committee1 or ! tru/ees express1 h[ev] mildly & prop]ly1 _! wi%es 9 reg>d to ! mann] 9 :i* !y desire to h _! own "w p]=m$1 _! pride is at once ar\s$4 ,!y seem to feel x an indignity1 to act 9 any o!r way1 ?an j 9 accordance ) _! own w & pleasure2 & !y absolutely refuse to comply1 res5t+ ! int]f]5ce z an insult4 ,or else1 if !y app>5tly yield1 x is ) m]e cold civility1 & entirely )\t any hone/ desires to c>ry ! wi%es ?us express$1 into actual effect4 ,p>5ts may1 inde$1 (t5 misjudge4 ,a good tea*] w1 h[ev]1 soon secure _! confid5ce1 & !y w acquiesce 9 8 op9ion4 ,b !y ought to be wat*ful2 & ! tea*] ought to feel & ackn[l$ge _! au?ority1 on all que/ions connect$ ) ! education ( _! *ildr54 ,!y h orig9ally entire p[] 9 reg>d to ! c\rse :i* is to be pursu$ ) !m4 ,provid5ce has made ! p>5ts responsible & :olly responsible = ! mann] 9 :i* _! *ildr5 are prep>$ = ! duties ( ?is life1 & x is int]e/+ to obs]ve1 h[ v cauti\s ! laws ( society are1 ab\t int]f]+ ) ! p>5t's wi%es1 9 reg>d to ! education ( ! *ild4 ,!re are _m cases1 9 :i* enlight5$ gov]nm5ts might make arrangem5ts :i* w\ld be bett] ?an ^? made by ! p>5ts1 if !y are left to !mselves4 ,b !y w n d x2 !y ought n to d x4 ,god has plac$ ! responsibility 9 ! h&s ( ! fa!r & "m1 & unless ! mann] 9 :i* x is ex]cis$ is calculat$ to endang] or to injure ! community1 !re c rightfully be no int]f]5ce except t ( argum5t & p]suasion4 ,x ought also to be consid]$ t ^u ! p>5ts w come ! consequ5ces ( ! good or bad education ( _! *ildr51 & n ^u ! tea*]1 & consequ5tly x is "r t !y %\ld direct4 ,! tea*] rema9s1 p]haps1 a few mon?s ) 8 *>ge1 & !n goes to o!r places1 & p]haps he>s ( !m no m4 ,he has ?us v little at /ake4 ,! p>5t has e ?+ at /ake1 & x is manife/ly unju/ to give "o man ! p[] ( decid+1 :ile he escapes all ! consequ5ces ( 8 mi/akes1 if he makes any1 & to take away all ! p[] f ^?1 ^u ^: heads1 all ! suff]+1 :i* w foll[ an abuse ( ! p[]1 mu/ desc5d4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,reports ,,( ,,cases4 ,!re is p]haps no way1 by :i* a writ] c m effectually expla9 8 views on ! subject ( education1 ?an by pres5t+ a great v>iety ( actual cases1 :e!r real or imag9>y1 & describ+ p>ticul>ly ! c\rse ( treatm5t he w\ld recomm5d 9 ea*4 ,?is me?od ( communicat+ k is v ext5sively resort$ to 9 ! m$ical pr(ession1 :]e writ]s detail p>ticul> cases1 & report ! symptoms & ! treatm5t = ea* succe$+ day1 s t ! read] may almo/ fancy himself actually a visit] at ! sick b$1 & ! nature & effects ( ! v>i\s prescriptions become fix$ 9 ! m9d1 ) almo/ z mu* di/9ctness & p]man5cy z actual exp]i5ce w\ld give4 ,?is pr9ciple has be5 kept 9 view1 ! read] may p]haps ?9k1 too closely1 9 all ! *apt]s ( ?is volume2 almo/ e po9t br\ght up1 hav+ be5 illu/rat$ by anecdotes & n>ratives4 ,i propose1 h[ev]1 devot+ "o *apt] n[1 to pres5t+ a numb] ( miscellane\s cases1 )\t any attempt to arrange !m4 ,sometimes ! case w be m]ely /at$1 ! read] be+ left to draw ! inf]5ce2 at o!rs1 su* rem>ks w be add$ z ! case sugge/s4 ,all w h[ev] be int5d$ to answ] "s useful purpose1 ei!r to exhibit good or bad managem5t & its consequ5ces1 or to br+ to view "s trait ( human nature1 z x exhibits itself 9 *ildr51 :i* x may be desirable = ! tea*] to "k4 ,let x be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t ^! cases are n select$ ) ref]5ce to _! be+ /range1 or extraord9>y4 ,!y are r *os5 because !y are common1 i4 e4 !y1 or cases simil>1 w be con/antly occurr+ to ! tea*]1 & read+ su* a *apt] w be ! be/ sub/itute = exp]i5ce :i* ! tea*] c h4 ,"s are descriptions ( lit]>y ex]cises or plans :i* ! read] c adopt 9 classes1 or ) a :ole s*ool2 o!rs are cases ( discipl9e1--good or bad managem5t1 :i* ! tea*] c imitate or avoid4 ,! /ories are f v>i\s s\rces1 & are ! results ( ! exp]i5ce ( sev]al individuals4 #a4 ,,hats ,,& ,,bonnets4 ,! ma/] ( a di/rict s*ool 0 accid5tally look+ out ( ! w9d[ "o day1 & he saw "o ( ! boys ?r[+ /ones at a hat1 :i* 0 put up = t purpose ^u ! f5ce4 ,he said no?+ ab\t x at ! "t1 b made a memor&um ( ! occurr5ce1 t he might br+ x be=e ! s*ool1 at ! prop] "t4 ,:5 ! h\r1 set ap>t = att5d+ to ! g5]al bus9ess ( ! s*ool1 _h arriv$1 & all 7 /ill1 he said1 ,i saw "o ( ! boys ?r[+ /ones at a hat to-day1 did he d "r or wrong8 ,!re 7 "o or two fa9t murmurs :i* s\nd$ l ,wrong1 b ! boys g5]ally made no answ]4 ,p]haps x dep5ds a little ^u ! "q ^: hat x 04 ,d y ?9k x does dep5d ^u t8 ,yes sir4 ,well1 suppose !n x 0 n 8 own hat1 & he 0 ?r[+ /ones at x )\t ! own]'s cons5t1 w\ld x be pla9 9 t case1 :e!r he 0 do+ "r or wrong8 ,yes sir2 wrong1 0 ! univ]sal reply4 ,suppose x 0 8 own hat1 w\ld he h be5 "r8 ,has a boy a "r to d :at he pleases ) 8 own hat8 ,yes sir1 ,yes sir1 ,no sir1 ,no sir1 answ]$ ! boys confus$ly4 ,i d n "k ^: hat x 04 ,if ! boy :o did x is will+ to rise & tell me1 x w help u to decide ?is "q4 ,! boy kn[+ t a sev]e puni%m5t 0 n 9 su* a case to be anticipat$1 & 9 fact1 app>5tly pleas$ ) ! idea ( exon]at+ himself f ! blame ( wilfully injur+ ! prop]ty ( ano!r1 rose & said1 ,i suppose x 0 ,i1 sir1 :o did x1 & x 0 my own hat8 ,well1 said ! ma/]1 ,i am glad y are will+ to tell frankly h[ x 02 b let u look at ?is case4 ,!re are two s5ses 9 :i* a hat may be said to belong to any p]son4 ,x may belong to him because he b\ght x & paid = x1 or x may belong to him because x fits him1 & he we>s x4 ,9 o!r words a p]son may h a hat1 z 8 prop]ty1 or he may h x only z a "p ( 8 dress4 ,n[ y see1 t accord+ to ! fir/ ( ^! s5ses1 all ! hats 9 ?is s*ool1 belong to y\r fa!rs4 ,!re is n 9 fact a s+le boy 9 ?is s*ool :o has a hat ( 8 own4 ,! boys laugh$4 ,is n ?is ! fact8 ,yes sir4 ,x c]ta9ly is s1 ?\gh ,i suppose ,james did n consid] x4 ,y\r fa!rs b\ght y\r hats4 ,!y work$ = !m1 & paid = !m4 ,y are only ! we>]s1 & consequ5tly e g5]\s boy1 & 9 fact e hone/ boy1 w be c>eful ( ! prop]ty :i* is intru/$ to him1 b :i* /rictly speak+ is n 8 own4 #b4 ,,mi/akes4 ,a wide diff]5ce mu/ always be made betwe5 mi/akes aris+ f c>elessness1 & ^? result+ f circum/ances beyond control2 su* z want ( suffici5t data1 c4 ,! =m] are always c5surable2 ! latt] nev]2 = !y may be ! result ( correct reason+ f insuffici5t data1 & x is ! reason+ only = :i* ! *ild is responsible4 ,:at d y suppose a prophet is8 said an in/ruct] to a class ( little boys4 ,! ^w occurr$ 9 _! read+ lesson4 ,! s*ol>s all hesitat$2 at la/ "o v5tur$ to reply3 ,if a man %\ld sell a yoke ( ox51 & get m = !m ?an !y are wor?1 he w\ld be a prophet4 ,yes1 said ! in/ruct]1 t is "r1 t is "o k9d ( pr(it1 b ?is is ano!r & a little diff]5t1 & he proce$$ to expla9 ! ^w1 & ! diff]5ce ( ! spell+4 ,?is *ild _h1 )\t d\bt1 he>d ( "s transaction ( ! k9d :i* he describ$1 & _h obs]v$ t ! ^w pr(it 0 appli$ to x4 ,n[ ! c>e :i* he _h ex]cis$ 9 att5d+ to x at ! "t1 & rememb]+ x :5 ! same ^w1 7= ! diff]5ce 9 ! spell+ he ( c\rse knew no?+ ab\t17 occurr$ aga91 0 really comm5dable4 ,! fact1 :i* is a m]e accid5t1 t we affix v diff]5t significations to ! same s\nd1 0 unkn[n4 ,! fault1 if any:]e1 0 9 ! language & n 9 him2 = he reason$ correctly f ! data he possess$1 & he des]v$ cr$it = x4 #c4 ,,t>d9ess4 ,my duty to ?is s*ool1 said a tea*] to 8 pupils1 dem&s1 z ,i suppose y all admit1 t ,i %\ld require y all to be "h punctually at ! "t appo9t$ = ! comm5cem5t ( ! s*ool4 ,i h done no?+ on ?is subject yet1 = ,i wi%$ to see :e!r y w\ld n come e>ly1 on pr9ciple4 ,i wi% n[ h[ev] to inquire 9 reg>d to ?is subject1 & to asc]ta9 h[ _m h be5 t>dy1 & to consid] :at mu/ be done h]eaft]4 ,he made ! inquiries & asc]ta9$ pretty ne>ly h[ _m _h be5 t>dy1 & h[ (t5 )9 a week4 ,! numb] 0 f\nd to be s great1 t ! s*ol>s admitt$ t some?+ ought to be done4 ,:at %all ,i d8 ask$ he4 ,c any "o propose a plan :i* w rem$y ! difficulty8 ,!re 0 no answ]4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! footnote m>k] = ! foll[+ footnote is miss+4 ,footnote ,d3 ,! above1 & "o or two ( ! succe$+ articles h be5 be=e publi%$1 9 p]iodicals4 ,! easie/ & pleasante/ way to secure punctuality1 is = ! s*ol>s to come e>ly ( _! own accord1 ^u pr9ciple4 ,x is evid5t f ! reports1 t _m ( y d s2 b "s d n4 ,n[ !re is no o!r plan :i* w n be att5d$ ) v s]i\s difficulty1 b ,i am will+ to adopt ! "o :i* w be pleasante/ to y\rselves1 if x w be likely to accompli% ! object4 ,has any "o any plan to propose4 ,!re 0 a pause4 ,x w\ld evid5tly1 cont9u$ ! tea*]1 be ! easie/ = me to leave ?is subject1 & d no?+ ab\t x4 ,x is ( no p]sonal consequ5ce to me1 :e!r y come e>ly or n1 b z long z ,i hold ?is (fice1 ,i mu/ be fai?ful1 & ,i h no d\bt ! s*ool committee1 if !y knew h[ _m ( y 7 t>dy1 w\ld ?9k ,i ought to d some?+ to dim9i% ! evil4 ,! be/ plan ,i c ?9k (1 is t all :o are t>dy %\ld lose _! recess4 ,! boys look$ r anxi\sly at "o ano!r1 b cont9u$ sil5t4 ,!re is a great objection to ?is plan f ! fact t a boy is sometimes necess>ily abs5t1 & by ?is rule he w lose 8 recess ) ! re/1 s t ! innoc5t w be puni%$ ) ! guilty4 ,i %\ld ?9k1 sir1 said ,william1 t ^? :o are necess>ily t>dy1 might be excus$4 ,yes1 ,i %\ld be v glad to excuse !m1 if ,i c\ld f9d out :o !y are4 ,! boys seem$ to be surpris$ at ?is rem>k1 z if !y ?\ght x w\ld n be a difficult matt] to decide4 ,h[ c ,i tell8 ask$ ! ma/]4 ,y c he> _! excuses1 & !n decide4 ,yes1 said ! tea*]1 b "h are fifte5 or tw5ty boys t>dy ?is morn+2 n[ h[ long w\ld x take me to he> _! excuses1 & und]/& ea* case ?or\ghly1 s t ,i c\ld really tell :e!r !y 7 t>dy f good reasons or n8 ,no answ]4 ,%\ld y n ?9k x w\ld take a m9ute apiece8 ,yes sir4 ,x w\ld und\bt$ly1 & ev5 !n ,i c\ld n 9 _m cases tell4 ,x w\ld take fifte5 m9utes at lea/4 ,i _c d ?is 9 s*ool-h\rs1 = ,i h n "t1 & if ,i d x 9 recess1 x w consume ! :ole ( e recess4 ,n[ ,i ne$ ! re/ ( a recess1 z well z y1 & x does n seem to me to be j t ,i %\ld lose ! :ole ( m9e1 e day1 & sp5d x 9 a mo/ unpleasant bus9ess1 :5 ,i take pa9s1 myself1 to come punctually e morn+4 ,w\ld x be j8 ,no sir4 ,i ?9k x w\ld be less unju/ to deprive all ( _! recess :o are t>dy1 = !n ! loss ( a recess by a boy :o _h n be5 to blame1 w\ld n be v common1 & ! evil w\ld be divid$ among ! :ole1 b 9 ! plan ( my he>+ ! excuses1 x w\ld all come ^u "o4 ,aft] a %ort pause "o ( ! boys said t !y might be requir$ to br+ writt5 excuses4 ,yes t is ano!r plan1 said ! tea*]1 b !re are objections to x4 ,c any ( y ?9k :at !y are8 ,i suppose y h all be51 ei!r at ?is s*ool1 or at "s o!r1 requir$ to br+ writt5 excuses1 s t y h se5 ! plan tri$2 n[ h y nev] notic$ any objection to x8 ,"o boy said t x gave ! p>5ts a great deal ( tr\ble at home4 ,yes1 said ! tea*]1 ?is is a great objection2 x is (t5 v inconv5i5t to write4 ,b t is n ! greate/ difficulty2 c any ( y ?9k ( any o!r8 ,!re 0 a pause4 ,d y ?9k t ^! writt5 excuses are1 aft] all1 a fair te/ ( ! real reasons = t>d9ess8 ,i und]/& t sometimes boys w tease _! fa!rs or mo!rs = an excuse1 :5 !y d n des]ve x1 ',yes sir1' & sometimes !y w loit] ab\t :5 s5t ( an err& be=e s*ool1 kn[+ t !y c get a writt5 excuse :5 !y might easily h be5 punctual4 ,yes sir1 ,yes sir1 said ! boys4 ,well1 n[1 if we adopt ?is plan1 "s unpr9cipl$ boy w\ld always contrive to h an excuse1 :e!r necess>ily t>dy or n2 & besides1 ea* p>5t w\ld h a diff]5t pr9ciple & a diff]5t op9ion z to :at 0 a reasonable excuse1 s t !re w\ld be no uni=mity1 & consequ5tly no ju/ice 9 ! op]ation ( ! sy/em4 ,! boys admitt$ ! tru? ( ?is1 & z no o!r plan 0 pres5t$1 ! rule 0 adopt$ ( requir+ all ^? :o 7 t>dy1 to rema9 9 _! seats dur+ ! recess1 :e!r !y 7 necess>ily t>dy or n4 ,! plan v soon dim9i%$ ! numb] ( loit]]s4 #d4 ,,hel5',s ,,lesson4 ,! possibility ( be+ inflexibly firm 9 measures1 & at ! same "t g5tle & mild 9 mann]s & language1 is happily illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ description1 :i* is bas$ on an incid5t n>rat$ by ,mrs4 ,%]wood4 ,mrs4 ,m4 _h obs]v$ ev5 dur+ ! few days t ,hel5 _h be5 "u h] c>e1 t %e 0 totally unaccu/om$ to habits ( dilig5ce & application4 ,aft] mak+ all due all[ance = long indulg$ habits ( indol5ce & inatt5tion1 %e "o morn+ assign$ an easy lesson to h] pupil1 in=m+ h] at ! same "t1 t %e %\ld he> x imm$iately be=e d9n]4 ,hel5 made no objections to ! plan1 b %e sil5tly resolv$ n to p]=m ! requir$ task4 ,be+ 9 "s measure a /rang]1 %e ?\ght h] aunt w\ld n insi/ ^u p]fect ob$i5ce1 & besides 9 h] e/imation1 %e 0 too old to be treat$ l a *ild4 ,dur+ ! :ole morn+1 ,hel5 ex]t$ h]self to be mild & oblig+2 h] conduct t[>ds h] aunt 0 uncommonly affectionate4 ,by ^!1 & v>i\s o!r artifices1 %e endeavor$ to ga9 h] fir/ victory4 ,mean:ile1 ,mrs4 ,m4 quietly pursu$ h] v>i\s avocations1 )\t app>5tly notic+ ,hel5's conduct4 ,at l5g? d9n] h\r arriv$2 ! lesson 0 call$ =1 & f\nd unprep>$4 ,mrs4 ,m4 told ,hel5 %e 0 sorry %e _h n got ! lesson1 & w5t on to expla9 "o or two s5t5ces m fully1 & conclud$1 by say+ t %e hop$ x w\ld be le>n$ be=e tea-"t4 ,hel51 f9d+ %e 0 n to come to ! table1 began to be a little al>m$4 ,%e 0 acqua9t$ 9 "s measure ) ! "* ( h] aunt1 /ill %e hop$ to be all[$ to p>take ( ! dess]t z %e _h be5 accu/om$ to on simil> occasions at home1 & soon rega9$ h] wont$ composure4 ,b ! d9n] clo? 0 remov$1 & !re sat ,hel51 suff]+ n a little f hung]2 /ill %e w\ld n compla92 %e meant to conv9ce h] aunt t %e 0 n mov$ by trifles4 ,a walk _h be5 propos$ = ! aft]noon1 & z ! h\r drew ne>1 ,hel5 made prep>ations to accompany ! p>ty4 ,mrs4 ,m4 rem9d$ h] ( h] lesson1 b %e j notic$ ! rem>k by a toss ( ! head1 & 0 soon 9 ! gre5 fields1 app>5tly ! gaye/ ( ! gay4 ,aft] h] return f ! excursion1 %e compla9$ ( a head-a*e :i* 9 fact %e _h2 %e ?rew h]self languidly on ! s(a1 sigh$ deeply1 & took up h] ,hi/ory4 ,tea 0 n[ on ! table1 & mo/ tempt+ look$ ! :ite loaf4 ,mrs4 ,m4 aga9 he>d ! pupil recite1 b 0 sorry to f9d ! lesson /ill imp]fectly prep>$4 ,%e left h]1 say+ %e ?\ght an half h\r's /udy w\ld conqu] all ! difficulties %e f\nd 9 ! lesson4 ,dur+ all ?is "t1 ,mrs4 ,m4 appe>$ s p]fectly calm1 compos$1 & ev5 k9d1 & s reg>dless ( sighs & doleful exclamations1 t ,hel5 entirely lo/ h] equanimity & let h] te>s fl[ freely & abundantly4 ,h] "m 0 always mov$ by h] te>s1 & w\ld n h] aunt rel5t8 ,no4 ,mrs4 ,m4 quietly p]=m$ ! duties ( ! table1 & ord]$ ! tea-equipage to be remov$4 ,?is latt] movem5t br\ght ,hel5 to reflection4 ,x is useless to resi/1 ?\ght %e1 inde$ :y %\ld ,i wi% to4 ,no?+ too mu* has be5 requir$ ( me4 ,h[ ridicul\s ,i h made myself appe>1 9 ! eyes ( my aunt1 & ev5 ( ! dome/ics4 ,9 less ?an an h\r1 %e _h ! satisfaction ( recit+ h] lesson p]fectly2 h] aunt made no comm5ts on ! occasion1 b assign$ h] ! next lesson1 & w5t on sew+4 ,hel5 did n expect ?is2 %e _h anticipat$ a refre%+ cup ( tea1 aft] ! long siege4 ,%e _h expect$ t ev5 some?+ nic] ?an usual w\ld be necess>y to comp5sate h] = pa/ suff]+s4 ,at l5g?1 worn out by long cont9u$ wat*+ & fa/+1 %e w5t to ! closet1 provid$ h]self ) a crack]1 & retir$ to b$ to muse delib]ately on ! /range "* ( h] aunt4 ,tea*]s n unfrequ5tly ?reat5 _! pupils ) "s prop] puni%m5t1 b :5 oblig$ to put ! ?reat into execution1 contrive 9 "s indirect way1 to abate its rigor & ?us de/roy all its effects4 ,= example1 a "m 0 9 ! habit1 :5 h] little boy ran beyond 8 proscrib$ play-gr\nd1 ( putt+ him into solit>y conf9em5t4 ,on su* occasions1 %e 0 v c>eful to h "s amus+ book1 or div]t+ play?+ 9 a conspicu\s "p ( ! room1 & n unfrequ5tly a piece ( g+]bread 0 giv5 to solace ! runaway4 ,! "m ?\ght x v /range h] little boy %\ld s (t5 transgress1 :5 he knew :at to expect f su* a c\rse ( conduct4 ,! boy 0 wis] ?an ! "m2 he knew p]fectly well h[ to manage4 ,he c\ld play ) ! boys beyond ! g>d5 gate1 & if detect$1 to be sure he 0 oblig$ to sp5d a quiet h\r 9 ! pleasant p>lor4 ,b ?is 0 n intol]able z long z he c\ld expect a pap] ( sug>-plums1 a cake1 or at lea/ some?+ amply to comp5sate him = ! loss ( a game at m>bles4 #e4 ,,compla9ts ,,( ,,long ,,lessons4 ,a college (fic] assign$ lessons :i* ! idle & ignorant memb]s ( ! class ?\ght too long4 ,!y murmur$ = a "t1 & at la/ op5ly compla9$4 ,! o!r memb]s ( ! class c\ld say no?+ 9 behalf ( ! pr(essor1 aw$ by ! greate/ ( all fe>s to a collegian1 ! fe> ( be+ call$ a fi%]1 or a bluesk94 ,! pr(essor paid no att5tion to ! petitions & compla9ts :i* 7 p\r$ 9 ^u him1 & :i*1 ?\gh orig9at$ by ! idle1 all 7 compell$ to vote =4 ,he coldly1 & ) uncompromis+ dignity1 w5t on ! excitem5t 9 ! class increas$1 & :at is call$ a college rebellion1 ) all its disa/r\s consequ5ces to ! infatuat$ rebels1 ensu$4 ,ano!r pr(essor _h ! dext]ity to manage 9 a diff]5t way4 ,aft] he>+ t !re 0 dissatisfaction1 he br\ght up ! subject z foll[s3-- ,i und]/&1 g5tlem51 t y consid] y\r lessons too long4 ,p]haps ,i h ov]rat$ ! abilities ( ! class1 b ,i h n int5d$ to assign y m ?an y c accompli%4 ,i feel no o!r int]e/ 9 ! subject1 ?an ! pride & pleasure x w\ld give me1 to h my class /& high1 9 respect to ! am\nt ( gr\nd x has gone ov]1 :5 y come to exam9ation4 ,i propose1 !re=e1 t y appo9t a committee 9 ^: abilities & judgm5t y c confide1 & let !m exam9e ?is subject & report4 ,!y might asc]ta9 h[ mu* o!r classes h done1 & h[ mu* is exp$i5t = ?is class to attempt2 & !n1 by e/imat+ ! numb] ( recitations assign$ to ?is /udy1 !y c easily det]m9e :at %\ld be ! l5g? ( ! lessons4 ,! plan 0 adopt$1 & ! report put an end to ! difficulty4 #f4 ,,engli% ,,composition4 ,! great prevail+ fault ( writ]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 is an affectation ( eloqu5ce4 ,x is almo/ univ]sally ! fa%ion to aim n at /rik+ ?\ghts1 simply & cle>ly express$1 b at spl5did language1 gl[+ imag]y1 & magnific5t p]iods4 ,x arises1 p]haps1 f ! fact t public speak+ is ! almo/ univ]sal object ( ambition1 & consequ5tly1 bo? at s*ool & at college1 no?+ is ?\ght ( b oratory4 ,va9 attempts at oratory1 result 9 n9e cases out ( t51 9 gr&iloqu5ce & empty v]biage2--common ?\ghts express$ 9 pomp\s p]iods4 ,! tea*] %\ld gu>d aga9/ ?is1 & assign to *ildr5 su* subjects z are )9 ! field ( *ildi% obs]vation4 ,a little skill on 8 "p w soon det]m9e ! "q :i* k9d ( writ+ %all prevail 9 8 s*ool4 ,! foll[+ specim5s1 bo? writt5 ) "s skill1 w illu/rate ! two k9ds ( writ+ allud$ to4 ,bo? 7 writt5 by pupils ( ! same age1 twelve2 "o a boy1 ! o!r a girl4 ,! subjects 7 assign$ by ! tea*]4 ,i ne$ n say t ! foll[+ 0 ! writ]'s fir/ attempt at composition1 & t x is pr9t$ )\t alt]ation4 ,,! ,,pa9s ,,( ,a ,,sailor',s ,,life4 ,! joyful sailor emb>ks on bo>d ( 8 %ip1 ! sails are spread to cat* ! playful gale1 swift z an arr[ he cuts ! roll+ wave4 ,a few days ?us sport+ on ! br9y wave1 :5 sudd5ly ! sky is ov]spread ) cl\ds1 ! ra9 desc5ds 9 torr5ts1 ! sails are l[]$1 ! gale beg9s1 ! vessel is c>ri$ ) great velocity1 & ! %r\ds unable to support ! tott]+ ma/1 gives way to ! furi\s tempe/2 ! vessel is drove among ! rocks1 is sprung aleak1 ! sailor works at ! pumps1 till1 fa9t & we>y1 is he>d f bel[1 six feet ( wat] 9 ! hold1 ! boats are got ready1 b be=e !y are into !m1 ! vessel da%$ aga9/ a reef ( rocks1 "s 9 despair ?r[ !mselves into ! sea1 o!rs get on ! rocks )\t any clo!s or provisions1 & l+] a few days1 p]haps weeks or mon?s1 liv+ on %ell fi% or p]haps tak5 up by "s %ip4 ,o!rs get on pieces ( ! wreck1 & p]haps be ca/ on "s =eign c\ntry1 :]e p]haps he may be tak5 by ! natives1 & sold into slav]y :]e he nev] m returns4 ,9 reg>d to ! foll[+ specim51 x %\ld be /at$ t :5 ! subject 0 assign$1 ! pupil 0 direct$ to see h[ precisely %e c\ld imitate ! language & conv]sation :i* two little *ildr5 really lo/ 9 ! woods w\ld use4 ,:ile writ+1 !re=e1 h] m9d 0 9 pursuit ( ! natural1 & ! simple1 n ( ! eloqu5t4 ,,two ,,*ildr5 ,,lo/ ,,9 ,,! ,,woods4 ,emily4 ,look "h6 see h[ _m b]ries ,i've got4 ,i don't believe y've got s _m4 ,*>les4 ,yes1 ,i'm sure ,i h4 ,my basket's mo/ full2 & if we hurry1 we %all get ev] s _m be=e we g home4 ,s pick away z fa/ z y c1 ,emily4 ,emily4 ,!re m9e is full4 ,n[ we'll g & f9d "s fl[]s = "m4 ,y "k somebody told u !re 7 "s r$ ones1 close to t rock4 ,*>les4 ,well1 s we w4 ,we'll leave our baskets "h1 & come back & get !m4 ,emily4 ,b if we c't f9d our way back1 :at %all we d8 ,*>les4 ,poh6 ,i c f9d ! way back4 ,i only want a qu>t] to sev5 ye>s old1 & ,i %an't lose myself1 ,i "k4 ,emily4 ,well6 we've got fl[]s en\gh1 & n[ ,i'm tir$ & want to g home4 ,*>les4 ,i don't1 b if y are tir$ we'll g & f9d our baskets4 ,emily4 ,:]e d y ?9k !y are8 ,we've be5 look+ a great :ile = !m4 ,i "k we are lo/1 = :5 we w5t aft] ! fl[]s we only turn$ once1 & com+ back1 we h turn$ ?ree times4 ,*>les4 ,h we8 ,well nev] m9d1 ,i guess we %all f9d !m4 ,emily4 ,i'm afraid we %an't4 ,d let's run ,*>les4 ,well s d4 ,oh1 ,emily6 "h's a brook1 & ,i am sure we didn't pass any brook1 go+4 ,emily4 ,oh1 de>6 we mu/ be lo/4 ,h>k6 ,*>les6 didn't y he> t dreadful noise j n[8 ,wasn't x a be>8 ,*>les4 ,poh6 ,i %\ld love to see a be> "h4 ,i guess if he %\ld come ne> me1 ,i w\ld give him "o good slap t w\ld make him feel pretty bad4 ,i c\ld kill him at ! fir/ hit4 ,emily4 ,i %\ld l to see y tak+ hold ( a be>4 ,:y didn't y "k be>s 7 /rong] ?an m58 ,b only see h[ d>k x gr[s2 we %an't see ,ma' to-night1 ,i'm afraid4 ,*>les4 ,s am ,i3 d let's run "s m4 ,emily4 ,o ,*>les1 d y believe we %all ev] f9d ! way out ( ?is dreadful long wood8 ,*>les4 ,let's scream1 & see if somebody wont come4 ,emily4 ,well1 7scream+7 ,ma'6 ,ma'6 ,*>les4 7scream+ also7 ,pa'6 ,pa'6 ,emily4 ,oh1 de>6 !re's ! sun sett+4 ,x w be dreadfully d>k by & by1 won't x8 ,we h giv5 en\gh = a specim54 ,! composition ?\gh faulty 9 _m respects1 illu/rates ! po9t we _h 9 view4 #g4 ,,ins9c]e ,,confession4 ,an assi/ant 9 a s*ool in=m$ ! ,pr9cipal t %e _h "s difficulty 9 pres]v+ ord] 9 a c]ta9 class1 compos$ ( small *ildr54 ,! ,pr9cipal accord+ly w5t into ! class1 & some?+ l ! foll[+ dialogue ensu$4 ,y\r tea*] in=ms me1 said ! ,pr9cipal1 t !re is n p]fect ord] 9 ?is class4 ,n[ if y are satisfi$ t !re has n be5 ord]1 & wi% to help me discov] & correct ! fault1 we c d x v easily4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 y d n wi% to co-op]ate ) me1 x w be a little m difficult = me to correct x1 & ,i mu/ take a diff]5t c\rse4 ,n[ ,i wi% to "k1 at ! outset1 :e!r y d or d n wi% to help me4 ,a fa9t ,yes sir1 0 murmur$ ?r\gh ! class4 ,i d n wi% y to assi/ me1 unless y really & hone/ly desire x y\rselves2 & if y und]take to d x1 y mu/ d x hone/ly4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* w be necess>y1 w be an op5 & ?or\gh exposure ( all :i* has be5 wrong1 & ?is y "k w be unpleasant4 ,b ,i w put ! "q to vote1 by ask+ h[ _m are will+ t ,i %\ld "k1 entirely & fully1 all t !y h done 9 ?is class1 t has be5 wrong4 ,v ne>ly all ! h&s 7 rais$ at once1 promptly1 & ! o!rs 7 gradually br\ght up1 ?\gh ) m or less ( hesitation4 ,are y will+1 n only to tell me y\rselves :at y h done1 b also1 9 case any "o has =gott5 some?+ :i* %e has done1 t o!rs %\ld tell me ( x8 ,! h&s 7 all rais$4 ,aft] obta9+ ?us f ! class a di/9ct & univ]sal expression ( will+ness t all ! facts %\ld be made kn[n1 ! ,pr9cipal call$ ^u all ^? :o _h any ?+ to /ate1 to raise _! h&s1 & ^? :o rais$ !m1 _h opportunity to say :at !y wi%$4 ,a great numb] ( v trifl+ incid5ts 7 m5tion$1 su* z c\ld n h produc$ any difficulty 9 ! class1 & consequ5tly c\ld n h be5 ! real in/ances ( disord] allud$ to4 ,or at lea/1 x 0 evid5t if !y 71 t 9 ! /atem5t1 !y mu/ h be5 s palliat$ & s(t5$1 t a really hone/ confession _h n be5 made4 ,?is result might 9 su* a case1 h be5 expect$4 ,su* is human nature1 t 9 n9e cases out ( t51 unless su* a result _h be5 p>ticul>ly gu>d$ aga9/1 x w\ld h inevitably foll[$4 ,n only w su* a result foll[ 9 individual cases l ?is1 b unless ! tea*] wat*es & gu>ds aga9/ x1 x w gr[ into a habit4 ,i mean boys w get a sort ( an idea t x is a f9e ?+ to confess _! faults1 & by a %[ ( humility & frankness w deceive _! tea*]1 & p]haps !mselves1 by a sort ( ackn[l$gem5t1 :i* 9 fact exposes no?+ ( ! guilt :i* ! transgressor pr(esses to expose4 ,a great _m cases occur1 :]e tea*]s are pleas$ ) ! confession ( faults1 & s*ol>s p]ceive x1 & ! latt] get into ! habit ( com+ to ! tea*]1 :5 !y h done some?+ :i* !y ?9k may get !m into difficulty1 & make a sort ( half confession1 :i*1 by br++ =w>d e palliat+ circum/ance1 & suppress+ e ?+ ( diff]5t "*1 keeps entirely out ( view all ! real guilt ( ! transgression4 ,! crim9al is prais$ by ! tea*] = ! frankness & hone/y ( ! confession1 & 8 fault is freely =giv54 ,he goes away !re=e well satisfi$ ) himself1 :5 9 fact he has be5 only submitt+ to a little mortification1 volunt>ily1 to avoid ! dang] ( a great]2 mu* 9 ! same _s ) t :i* leads a man to receive ! small-pox by inoculation1 to avoid ! dang] ( tak+ x 9 ! natural way4 ,! tea*] :o accu/oms 8 pupils to confess _! faults1 volunt>ily1 ought to gu>d c>efully aga9/ ?is dang]4 ,:5 su* a case z ! "o j describ$ occurs1 x w af=d a favorable opportunity ( %[+ di/9ctly to pupils ! diff]5ce betwe5 an hone/ & an hypocritical confession4 ,9 ?is in/ance2 ! tea*] proce$$ ?us2 ,n[ ,i wi% to ask y "o m "q1 :i* ,i wi% y all to answ] by y\r votes1 hone/ly4 ,x is ?is4 ,d y ?9k t ! real disord] :i* has be5 9 ?is class1 t is1 ! real cases :i* y ref]r$ to1 :5 y /at$ to me1 t y ?\ght t ! class 0 n 9 good ord]1 h be5 n[ really expos$1 s t ,i hone/ly & fully und]/& ! case8 ,h[ _m suppose s8 ,n a s+le h& 0 rais$4 ,h[ _m ( y ?9k1 & are will+ to av[ y\r op9ion1 t ,i h n be5 fully in=m$ ( ! case8 ,a l>ge proportion held up _! h&s4 ,n[ x seems ! class pret5d$ to be will+ t ,i %\ld "k all ! affair4 ,y pret5d$ to be will+ to tell me ! :ole1 b :5 ,i call ^u y = ! in=mation1 in/ead ( tell+ me hone/ly1 y attempt to amuse me by little trifles1 :i* 9 reality made no di/urbance1 & y omit ! ?+s :i* y "k 7 ! real objects ( my inquiries4 ,am ,i "r 9 my supposition8 ,!y 7 sil5t4 ,aft] a mom5t's pause1 "o p]haps rais$ h] h&1 & began n[ to confess some?+1 :i* %e _h be=e conceal$4 ,! tea*] h[ev] int]rupt$ h]1 by say+1 ,i d n wi% to h ! confession made n[4 ,i gave y all "t to d t1 & n[ ,i %\ld r n he> any m ab\t ! disord]4 ,i gave an opportunity to h x ackn[l$g$1 b x 0 n hone/ly improv$1 & n[ ,i %\ld r n he>4 ,i %all probably nev] "k4 ,i wi%$ to see :e!r ?is class w\ld be hone/1--really hone/1 or :e!r !y w\ld h ! ins9c]ity to pret5d to be confess+1 :5 !y 7 n do+ s hone/ly1 s z to get ! cr$it ( be+ frank & s9c]e1 :5 9 reality !y are n s4 ,n[ am ,i n compell$ to conclude t ?is latt] is ! case8 ,su* an example w make a deep & la/+ impression4 ,x w %[ t ! tea*] is ^u 8 gu>d2 & !re are v few1 s h>d5$ 9 deception1 t !y w\ld n wi% t !y _h be5 really s9c]e1 r ?an re/ "u su* an imputation4 #h4 ,,c\rt4 ,a pupil1 q "y1 7says a tea*]17 came to me "o day ) a compla9t t "o ( h] companions _h got h] seat4 ,!re _h be5 "s *anges 9 ! seats by my p]mission1 & probably f "s inconsi/5cy 9 ! promises :i* ,i _h made1 !re 7 two claimants = ! same desk4 ,! compla9ant came to me1 & appeal$ to my recollection ( ! circum/ance4 ,i d n recollect any?+ ab\t x1 said ,i4 ,:y6 ,mr4 ,b4 repli$ %e1 ) a/oni%m5t4 ,no1 said ,i1 y =get t ,i h1 e day1 arrangem5ts1 almo/ )\t numb]1 ( su* a k9d to make1 & z soon z ,i h made "o1 ,i imm$iately =get all ab\t x4 ,:y1 don't y rememb] t y got me a new baize8 ,no2 ,i ord]$ a doz5 new baizes at t "t1 b ,i d n rememb] :o !y 7 =4 ,!re 0 a pause2 ! disappo9t$ compla9ants seem$ n to "k :at to d4 ,i w tell y :at to d4 ,br+ ! case into c\rt & ,i w try x1 regul>ly4 ,:y1 ,mr4 ,b46 ,i d n l to d any ?+ l t1 ab\t x2 besides1 ,i d n "k h[ to write an indictm5t4 ,oh6 ,i repli$1 !y w l to h a good trial4 ,x w make a new sort ( case4 ,all our cases ?us f> h be5 = (f5ces1 t is :at !y call crim9al cases1 & ?is w be only an exam9ation ( ! conflict+ claims ( two individuals to ! same prop]ty1 & x w excite a good deal ( int]e/4 ,i ?9k y _h bett] br+ x into c\rt4 ,%e w5t sl[ly & ?\ghtfully to h] seat1 & pres5tly return$ ) an indictm5t4 ,mr4 ,b4 is ?is "r8 ,x 0 z foll[s3-- ,i accuse ,miss ,a4 ,b4 ( com+ to take away my seat1 ! "o ,mr4 ,b4 gave me4 ,witnesses4 ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,t4 ,:y1 ---- ---- yes1--t w d2 & yet x is n exactly "r4 ,y see ?is is :at !y call a civil case4 ,i don't ?9k x is v civil4 ,no1 ,i don't mean x 0 civil to take y\r seat4 ,b ?is is n a case :]e a p]son is prosecut$ = hav+ done any?+ wrong4 ,! pla9tiff look$ a little p]plex$1 z if %e c\ld n und]/& h[ x c\ld be o!rwise ?an wrong1 = a girl to usurp h] seat4 ,i mean1 y d n br+ x into c\rt1 z a case ( wrong4 ,y d n want h] to be puni%$2 d y8 ,no2 ,i only want h] to give me up my seat2 ,i don't want h] to be puni%$4 ,well1 !n1 y see1 t al?\gh %e may h done wrong to take y\r seat1 x is n 9 t po9t ( view1 t y br+ x into c\rt4 ,x is a "q ab\t ! "r ( prop]ty1 & ! lawy]s call su* cases1 civil cases1 to di/+ui% !m f cases :]e p]sons are tri$ = ! purpose ( be+ puni%$ = do+ wrong4 ,^! are call$ crim9al cases4 ,! aggriev$ p>ty /ill look$ p]plex$4 ,well1 ,mr4 ,b4 %e cont9u$1 :at %all ,i d8 ,h[ %all ,i write x8 ,i _c say any?+ ab\t civil1 9 x1 c ,i8 ,a =m 0 giv5 h]1 :i* w\ld be prop] = ! purpose1 & ! case 0 br\ght =w>d1 & ! evid5ce on bo? sides exam9$4 ,! irritation ( ! qu>rel 0 soon dissipat$1 9 ! amusem5t ( a semi-s]i\s trial1 & bo? p>ties good humor$ly acquiesc$ 9 ! decision4 #i4 ,,tea*]s' ,,p]sonal ,,"*4 ,mu* has be5 said )9 a few ye>s1 by writ]s 9 ! subject ( education1 9 ?is c\ntry1 on ! desirabl5ess ( rais+ ! bus9ess ( tea*+ to ! rank ( a le>n$ pr(ession4 ,!re is b "o way ( do+ ?is1 & t is rais+ ! p]sonal *>act]s & atta9m5ts ( tea*]s !mselves4 ,:e!r an employm5t is elevat$ or o!rwise 9 public e/imation1 dep5ds altoge!r on ! associations connect$ ) x 9 ! public m9d2 & ^! dep5d altoge!r on ! *>act]s ( ! individuals :o are engag$ 9 x4 ,frankl91 by ! simple fact t he 0 a pr9t] himself1 has done m t[>ds giv+ dignity & respectability to ! employm5t ( pr9t+1 ?an a hundr$ orations on ! intr9sic excell5ce ( ! art4 ,9 fact all me*anical employm5ts h1 )9 a few ye>s ris5 9 rank1 9 ?is c\ntry1 n ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ef=ts to impress ! community directly ) a s5se ( _! importance1 b simply because me*anics !mselves h ris5 9 intellectual & moral "*4 ,9 ! same mann] ! employm5t ( ! tea*] w be rais$ mo/ effectually 9 ! e/imation ( ! public1 n by ! individual :o writes ! mo/ eloqu5t oration on ! intr9sic dignity ( ! art1 b by ! "o :o goes =w>d mo/ successfully 9 ! ex]cise ( x1 & :o by 8 g5]al atta9m5ts1 & public "*1 /&s out mo/ fully to ! view ( ! public1 z a well in=m$1 lib]al m9d$1 & useful man4 ,if ?is is s1 & x _c well be d5i$1 x furni%es e tea*] a /rong motive to ex]tion1 = ! improvem5t ( 8 own p]sonal "*4 ,b !re is a /rong] motive /ill1 9 ! results :i* fl[ directly to himself1 f su* ef=ts4 ,no man ought to engage 9 any bus9ess :i*1 z m]e bus9ess1 w engross all 8 "t & att5tion4 ,! ,creator has be/[$ ^u e "o a m9d1 ^u ! cultivation ( :i*1 our rank among intellig5t be+s1 our happ9ess1 our moral & intellectual p[]1 e ?+ valuable to u1 dep5d4 ,& aft] all ! cultivation :i* we c be/[1 9 ?is life1 ^u ?is my/]i\s pr9ciple1 x w /ill be 9 embryo4 ,! progress :i* x is capable ( mak+ is entirely indef9ite4 ,if by t5 ye>s ( cultivation1 we c secure a c]ta9 degree ( k & p[]1 by t5 m1 we c d\ble1 or m ?an d\ble x1 & e succe$+ ye> ( ef=t1 is att5d$ ) equal success4 ,!re is no po9t ( atta9m5t :]e we mu/ /op1 or beyond :i* ef=t w br+ 9 a less valuable return4 ,look at t tea*]1 & consid] = a mom5t1 8 condition4 ,he began to tea* :5 he 0 tw5ty ye>s ( age1 & n[ he is =ty4 ,betwe5 ! ye>s ( fifte5 & tw5ty he made a vigor\s ef=t to acquire su* an education z w\ld fit him = ^! duties4 ,he succe$$1 & by ^! ef=ts he rais$ himself f be+ a m]e labor]1 receiv+ = 8 daily toil a m]e daily subsi/5ce1 to ! respectability & ! com=ts ( an intellectual pursuit4 ,b ?is *ange once produc$1 he /ops %ort 9 8 progress4 ,once seat$ 9 8 desk1 he is satisfi$1 & = tw5ty ye>s he has be5 go+ ?r\gh ! same r\t9e1 )\t any ef=t to advance or to improve4 ,he does n reflect t ! same ef=ts1 :i* s ess5tially alt]$ 8 condition & prospects at tw5ty1 w\ld h c>ri$ him =w>d to high] & high] s\rces ( influ5ce & enjoym5t1 z long z he %\ld cont9ue !m4 ,8 ef=ts ceas$ :5 he obta9$ a situation z tea*]1 at =ty doll>s a mon?1 & ?\gh tw5ty ye>s h glid$ away1 he is n[ exactly :at he 0 !n4 ,!re is probably no employm5t :atev] :i* af=ds s favorable an opportunity = p]sonal improvem5t1--= /eady intellectual & moral progress1 z t ( tea*+4 ,!re are two reasons = ?is4 ,fir/1 !re is "t = x4 ,) an ord9>y degree ( heal? & /r5g?1 ! m9d c be vigor\sly employ$ at lea/ t5 h\rs a day4 ,z mu* z ?is1 is requir$ ( /ud5ts1 9 _m lit]>y in/itutions4 ,9 fact t5 h\rs to /udy1 sev5 to sleep1 & sev5 to food1 ex]cise1 & recreation1 is p]haps z good an arrangem5t z c be made2 at any rate1 v few p]sons w suppose t su* a plan all[s too little "u ! latt] head4 ,n[ six h\rs is z mu* z is expect$ ( tea*]s "u ord9>y circum/ances1 & x is z mu* z ought ev] to be be/[$4 ,= ?\gh he may labor f\r h\rs out ( s*ool1 9 "s new field1 8 heal? & spirits w soon s9k "u ! burd51 if aft] 8 we>y labors dur+ ! day 9 s*ool1 he gives up 8 ev5+s to ! same p]plexities & c>es4 ,& x is n necess>y4 ,no "o :o kn[s any ?+ ( ! nature ( ! human m9d1 & :o w reflect a mom5t on ! subject1 c d\bt t a man c make a bett] s*ool1 by exp5d+ six h\rs labor ^u x1 :i* he c g ?r\gh )1 ) "s alacrity & ardor1 ?an he c by driv+ himself on to t54 ,e tea*] !re=e1 :o is comm5c+ 8 "w1 %\ld beg9 ) ! firm det]m9ation ( devot+ only six h\rs daily to ! pursuit4 ,make z good a s*ool1 & accompli% z mu* = x1 z y c 9 six h\rs1 & let ! re/ g4 ,:5 y come f y\r s*ool room at night1 leave all y\r p]plexities & c>es beh9d y4 ,no matt] :at unf9i%$ bus9ess or unsettl$ difficulties rema94 ,dismiss !m all till ano!r sun %all rise1 & ! h\r ( duty = ano!r day %all come4 ,c>ry no s*ool "w home ) y & d n talk ( y\r "w4 ,y w !n get refre%m5t & re/4 ,y\r m9d dur+ ! ev5+ w be 9 a diff]5t _w f t 9 :i* y h mov$ dur+ ! day4 ,at fir/ ?is w be difficult4 ,x w be h>d = y1 unless y\r m9d is uncommonly well discipl9$1 to dismiss all y\r c>es2 & y w ?9k1 ea* ev5+1 t "s peculi> em]g5cy dem&s y\r att5tion1 j at t "t1 & t z soon z y h pass$ ! crisis1 y w conf9e y\rself to :at y admit are g5]ally reasonable limits4 ,b if y once all[ s*ool ) its p]plexities & c>es to get possession ( ! re/ ( ! day1 x w keep possession4 ,x w intrude itself into all y\r wak+ ?\ghts1 & tr\ble y 9 y\r dreams4 ,y w lose all comm& ( y\r p[]s1 & besides cutt+ (f f y\rself all hope ( g5]al intellectual progress1 y w 9 fact de/roy y\r success z a tea*]4 ,exhau/ion1 we>9ess1 & anxiety w be y\r cont9ual portion1 & 9 su* a /ate1 no bus9ess c be successfully prosecut$4 ,!re ne$ be no fe> t employ]s w be dissatisfi$1 if ! tea*] acts ^u ?is pr9ciple4 ,if he is fai?ful & ent]s ) all 8 he>t into ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties dur+ six h\rs1 !re w be some?+ 9 ! ardor1 & alacrity1 & _s ) :i* 8 duties w be p]=m$1 :i* p>5ts & s*ol>s w bo? be v glad to receive1 9 ex*ange = ! languid1 & dull1 & he>tless toil1 9 :i* ! o!r me?od mu/ soon] or lat] result4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! tea*] !n1 w conf9e himself to su* a portion ( "t1 z is1 9 fact1 all he c advantage\sly employ1 !re w be mu* left :i* c be devot$ to 8 own private employm5t1--m ?an is usual 9 ! o!r employm5ts ( life4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! o!r employm5ts1 !re is n ! same necessity = limit+ ! h\rs :i* a man may devote to 8 bus9ess4 ,a m]*ant1 = example1 may be employ$ ne>ly all ! day1 at 8 c\nt+-room1 & s may a me*anic4 ,a physician may sp5d all 8 wak+-h\rs 9 visit+ pati5ts1 & feel little m ?an heal?y fatigue4 ,! reason is t 9 all ^! employm5ts1 & 9 fact 9 mo/ ( ! employm5ts ( life1 !re is s mu* to div]sify1 s _m little incid5ts con/antly occurr+ to animate & relieve1 & s mu* bodily ex]cise1 :i* alt]nates )1 & susp5ds ! fatigues ( ! m9d1 t ! labors may be mu* long] cont9u$1 & ) less cessation1 & yet ! heal? n suff]4 ,b ! tea*]1 :ile engag$ 9 8 "w1 has 8 m9d cont9ually on ! /ret*4 ,!re is little to relieve1 little respite1 & he is almo/ entirely depriv$ ( bodily ex]cise4 ,he mu/1 consequ5tly1 limit 8 h\rs ( att5d+ to 8 bus9ess1 or 8 heal? w soon s9k "u labors :i* ,provid5ce nev] int5d$ ! human m9d to be>4 ,!re is ano!r circum/ance :i* facilitates ! progress ( ! tea*]4 ,x is a fact t all ?is g5]al progress has a direct & imm$iate be>+ ^u 8 pursuits4 ,a lawy] may read 9 an ev5+ an int]e/+ book ( travels1 & f9d no?+ to help him ) 8 case1 ! next day1 9 c\rt1--b almo/ e fact :i* ! tea*] ?us le>ns1 w come at once into use1 9 "s ( 8 recitations at s*ool4 ,we d n mean to imply by ?is t ! memb]s ( ! legal pr(ession h n ne$ ( a great v>iety & ext5t ( k2 !y d\btless h4 ,x is simply 9 ! directness & c]ta9ty1 ) :i* ! tea*]'s k may be appli$ to 8 purpose1 t ! bus9ess ( tea*+ has ! advantage ov] e o!r pursuit4 ,?is fact n[ has a v important influ5ce 9 enc\rag+1 & lead+ =w>d ! tea*]1 to make con/ant intellectual progress1 = e /ep br+s at once a direct rew>d4 #aj4 ,,! ,,*e/nut ,,burr4 ,a /ory = s*ool-boys4,e ,"o f9e pleasant morn+1 9 ! fall ( ! ye>1 ! ma/] 0 walk+ along t[>ds s*ool1 & he saw ?ree or f\r boys "u a l>ge *e/nut tree1 ga!r+ *e/nuts4 ,footnote ,e3 ,orig9ally writt5 = a p]iodical4 ,"o ( ! boys 0 sitt+ ^u ! gr\nd1 try+ to op5 "s *e/nut burrs1 :i* he _h knock$ (f f ! tree4 ,! burrs 7 gre51 & he 0 try+ to op5 !m by p\nd+ !m ) a /one4 ,he 0 a v impati5t boy & 0 scold+1 9 a l\d angry tone1 aga9/ ! burrs4 ,he did n see1 he said1 :at 9 ! _w *e/nuts 7 made to gr[ s =4 ,!y ought to gr[ "r out 9 ! op5 air1 l apples1 & n h su* vile porcup9e sk9s on !m1--j to plague ! boys4 ,s say+ he /ruck ) all 8 might a f9e l>ge burr1 cru%$ x to pieces1 & !n jump$ up1 us+ at ! same "t pr(ane & wick$ words4 ,z soon z he turn$ r\nd he saw ! ma/] /&+ v ne> him4 ,he felt v mu* a%am$ & afraid1 & hung d[n 8 head4 ,rog]1 said ! ma/]1 7= ?is boy's "n 0 ,rog]7 c y get me a *e/nut burr8 ,rog] look$ up = a mom5t1 to see :e!r ! ma/] 0 9 e>ne/1 & !n began to look ar\nd = a burr4 ,a boy :o 0 /&+ ne> ! tree1 ) a r$ cap full ( burrs 9 8 h&1 held out "o ( !m4 ,rog] took ! burr & h&$ x to ! ma/]1 :o quietly put x into 8 pocket1 & walk$ away )\t say+ a ^w4 ,z soon z he 0 gone1 ! boy ) ! r$ cap1 said to ,rog]1 ,i expect$ ! ma/] w\ld h giv5 y a good scold+ = talk+ s4 ,! ma/] nev] scolds1 said ano!r boy1 :o 0 sitt+ on a log pretty ne>1 ) a gre5 sat*el 9 8 h&1 b y see if he does n rememb] x4 ,rog] look$ z if he did n "k :at to ?9k ab\t x4 ,i wi%1 said he1 ,i knew :at he is go+ to d ) t burr4 ,t aft]noon1 :5 ! lessons _h be5 all recit$1 & x 0 ab\t "t to dismiss ! s*ool1 ! boys put away _! books1 & ! ma/] read a few v]ses 9 ! ,bible1 & !n (f]$ a pray]1 9 :i* he ask$ ,god to =give all ! s9s :i* any ( !m _h committ$ t day1 & to take c>e ( !m dur+ ! night4 ,aft] ?is he ask$ ! boys all to sit d[n4 ,he !n took 8 h&k]*ief out ( 8 pocket1 & laid x on ! desk1 & aft]w>ds he put 8 h& into 8 pocket aga92 & took out ! *e/nut burr1 & all ! boys look$ at x4 ,boys1 said he1 d y "k :at ?is is8 ,"o ( ! boys 9 ! back seat1 said1 9 a half :isp]1 ,x is no?+ b a *e/nut burr4 ,lucy1 said ! ma/]1 to a bright-ey$ little girl1 ne> him1 :at is ?is8 ,x is a *e/nut burr1 sir1 said %e4 ,d y "k :at x is =8 ,i suppose !re are *e/nuts 9 x4 ,b :at is ?is r\gh prickly cov]+ =8 ,lucy did n "k4 ,does any body "h "k8 said ! ma/]4 ,"o ( ! boys said he suppos$ x 0 to hold ! *e/nuts toge!r1 & keep !m up on ! tree4 ,b ,i he>d a boy say1 repli$ ! ma/]1 t !y ought n to be made to gr[ s4 ,! nut itself1 he ?\ght1 ought to hang alone on ! bran*es1 )\t any prickly cov]+1--j z apples d4 ,b ! nuts !mselves h no /ems to be fa/5$ by1 answ]$ ! same boy4 ,t is true1 b ,i suppose ?is boy ?\ght t ,god c\ld h made !m gr[ ) /ems1 & t ?is w\ld h be5 bett] ?an to h !m 9 burrs4 ,aft] a little pause ! ma/] said he w\ld expla9 to !m :at ! *e/nut burr 0 =1 & wi%$ !m all to li/5 att5tively4 ,h[ mu* ( ! *e/nut is good to eat1 ,william8 ask$ he1 look+ at a boy be=e him4 ,only ! meat4 ,h[ long does x take ! meat to gr[8 ,all summ] ,i suppose1 x is gr[+4 ,yes2 x beg9s e>ly 9 ! summ] & gradually swells & gr[s until x has become ( full size & is ripe1 9 ! fall4 ,n[ suppose !re 0 a tree out "h ne> ! s*ool-h\se1 & ! *e/nut meats %\ld gr[ ^u x )\t any %ell or cov]+1 suppose too t !y %\ld ta/e l good ripe *e/nuts at fir/1 :5 !y 7 v small4 ,d y ?9k !y w\ld be safe8 ,william said1 ,no6 ! boys w\ld pick & eat !m be=e !y _h "t to gr[4 ,well1 :at h>m w\ld !re be 9 t2 w\ld x n be z well to h ! *e/nuts e>ly 9 ! summ]1 z to h !m 9 ! fall8 ,william hesitat$4 ,ano!r boy :o sat next to him said1 ,!re w\ld n be s mu* meat 9 ! *e/nuts1 if !y 7 eat5 be=e !y _h "t to gr[4 ,"r1 said ! ma/]1 b w\ld n ! boys "k ?is1 & s all agree to let ! little *e/nuts /ay1 & n eat !m :ile !y 7 small8 ,william said he ?\ght !y w\ld n4 ,if ! *e/nuts 7 good1 he 0 afraid !y w\ld pick !m (f & eat !m1 if !y 7 small4 ,all ! re/ ( ! boys 9 ! s*ool ?\ght s too4 ,"h !n1 said ! ma/]1 is "o reason = hav+ prickles ar\nd ! *e/nuts :5 !y are small4 ,b !n x is n necess>y to h all *e/nuts gu>d$ f boys 9 ?is way2 a great _m ( ! trees are 9 ! woods1 :i* ! boys d n see2 :at good d ! burrs d 9 ^! trees8 ,! boys hesitat$4 ,pres5tly ! boy :o _h ! gre5 sat*el "u ! tree ) ,rog]1 :o 0 sitt+ 9 "o corn] ( ! room1 said1 ,i %\ld ?9k !y w\ld keep ! squirrels f eat+ !m4 ,& besides1 cont9u$ he aft] ?9k+ a mom5t1 ,i %\ld suppose if ! meat ( ! *e/nut _h no cov]+1 ! ra9 might wet x & make x rot1 or ! sun might dry & )] x4 ,yes1 said ! ma/]1 ^! are v good reasons :y ! nut %\ld be c>efully gu>d$4 ,fir/ ! meats are pack$ away 9 a h>d br[n %ell1 :i* ! wat] _c get ?r\gh2 ?is keeps x dry1 & away f du/1 & o!r ?+s :i* might injure x4 ,!n sev]al nuts ?us protect$ gr[ closely toge!r inside ?is gre5 prickly cov]+2 :i* spreads ov] !m & gu>ds !m f ! l>g] animals & ! boys4 ,:]e ! *e/nut gets its full gr[? & is ripe1 ?is cov]+ y "k splits op51 & ! nuts drop out1 & !n any body c get !m & eat !m4 ,! boys 7 !n all satisfi$ t x 0 bett] t *e/nuts %\ld gr[ 9 burrs4 ,b :y1 ask$ "o ( ! boys1 d n apples gr[ s8 ,c any body answ] t "q1 ask$ ! ma/]4 ,! boy ) ! gre5 sat*el said t apples _h a smoo?1 tight sk91 :i* kept out ! wet1 b he did n see h[ !y 7 gu>d$ f animals4 ,! ma/] said is 0 by _! ta/e4 ,!y are h>d & s\r be=e !y are full gr[n1 & s ! ta/e is n pleasant1 & nobody wants to eat !m1--except sometimes a few fooli% boys1 & ^! are puni%$ by be+ made sick4 ,:5 ! apples are full gr[n !y *ange f s\r to sweet1 & become mell[2 !n !y c be eat54 ,c y tell me ( any o!r fruits :i* are pres]v$ 9 ?is way8 ,"o boy answ]$1 ,/rawb]ries & blackb]ries1 & ano!r said1 ,pea*es & pe>s4 ,ano!r boy ask$ :y ! pea*-/one 0 n outside ! pea*1 s z to keep x f be+ eat54 ,b ! ma/] said he w\ld expla9 ?is ano!r "t4 ,!n he dismiss$ ! s*ol>s1 aft] ask+ ,rog] to wait until ! re/ _h gone1 z he wi%$ to see him alone4 #aa4 ,,! ,,s]ies ,,( ,,writ+ ,,lessons4 c4,f ,v _m pupils soon become we>y ( ! dull & monoton\s bus9ess ( writ+1 unless "s plans are devis$1 to give int]e/ & v>iety to ! ex]cise1 & on ?is acc\nt1 ?is bran* ( education1 9 :i* improvem5t may be mo/ rapid1 is (t5 ! la/ & mo/ t$i\s to be acquir$4 ,footnote ,f3 ,! articles to :i* ?is lett] is prefix$ 7 communicat$ = ! "w1 by diff]5t tea*]s at ! reque/ ( ! au?or4 ,a tea*]1 by adopt+ ! foll[+ plan1 succe$$ 9 awak5+ a great degree ( int]e/ 9 ?is subject1 & consequ5tly1 ( promot+ rapid improvem5t4 ,! plan 0 ?is2 he prep>$1 on a l>ge %eet ( pap]1 a s]ies ( lessons 9 co>se h&1 beg9n+ ) /raight l9es1 & proce$+ to ! elem5t>y p>ts ( ! v>i\s lett]s1 & f9ally to ! lett]s !mselves4 ,?is pap] 0 po/$ up 9 a "p ( ! room accessible to all4 ,! writ+-books 7 made ( ?ree %eets ( fool's-cap pap]1 fold$ into a conv5i5t size1 :i* 0 to be rul$ by ea* pupil2 = x 0 ?\ght important t ea* "o %\ld le>n ?is art4 ,e pupil 9 s*ool !n1 be+ furni%$ ) "o ( ^! writ+ books1 0 requir$ to comm5ce ?is s]ies1 & to practice ea* lesson until he c\ld write x well2 !n1 & n till !n1 he 0 p]mitt$ to pass to ! next4 ,a few brief directions 7 giv5 "u ea* lesson1 on ! l>ge %eet4 ,= example1 "u ! l9e ( /raight m>ks1 :i* con/itut$ ! fir/ lesson1 0 writt5 z foll[s3 ,/raight1 equidi/ant1 p>allel1 smoo?1 well t]m9at$ ,^! directions 7 to call ! att5tion ( ! pupil to ! excell5ces :i* he mu/ aim at1 & :5 he suppos$ he _h secur$ !m1 8 book 0 to be pres5t$ to ! tea*] = exam9ation4 ,if approv$ ! ^w ,pass$1 or aft]w>ds simply ,p4 0 writt5 "u ! l9e1 & he c\ld !n proce$ to ! next lesson4 ,o!r requisites 7 necess>y besides ! correct =mation ( ! lett]s1 to enable "o to pass2 = example1 ! page mu/ n be soil$ or blott$1 no pap] mu/ be wa/$1 &1 9 no case1 a leaf torn out4 ,z soon z "o l9e 0 writt5 9 ! mann] requir$1 ! s*ol> 0 all[$ to pass2 9 a majority ( cases h[ev]1 n less ?an a page w\ld be practis$1 & 9 _m in/ances a %eet w\ld be cov]$1 be=e "o l9e c\ld be produc$ :i* w\ld be approv$4 ,"o peculi> excell5cy ( ?is me?od 01 t al?\gh ! :ole s*ool 7 work+ "u a regul> & sy/ematic plan1 individuals c\ld g on indep5d5tly2 t is1 ! progress ( no s*ol> 0 ret>d$ by t ( 8 companion2 ! "o m advanc$1 might easily pass ! e>li] lessons 9 few days1 :ile ! o!rs w\ld require weeks ( practice to acquire ! same degree ( skill4 ,dur+ ! writ+ h\r1 ! s*ol>s w\ld practice1 ea* at ! lesson :]e he left (f be=e1 & at a p>ticul> "t1 ea* day1 ! books 7 br\ght f ! regul> place ( deposit1 & laid be=e ! tea*] = exam9ation4 ,)\t "s arrangem5t = an exam9ation ( all ! books toge!r1 ! tea*] w\ld be liable to int]ruption at any "t1 f individual que/ions & reque/s1 :i* w\ld consume mu* "t1 & b5efit only a few4 ,:5 a page ( writ+ c\ld n pass1 a brief rem>k1 call+ ! att5tion ( ! pupil to ! faults :i* prev5t$ x1 0 sometimes made 9 p5cil at ! bottom ( ! page4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! fault 0 ( su* a "* z to require full & m9ute oral directions to ! pupil4 ,at la/1 to facilitate ! criticism ( ! writ+1 a set ( arbitr>y m>ks2 indicative ( ! v>i\s faults1 0 devis$1 & appli$1 z occasion might require1 to ! writ+ books1 by means ( r$ ink4 ,^! m>ks1 :i* 7 v simple 9 _! "*1 7 easily rememb]$1 = !re 0 g5]ally "s connexion betwe5 ! sign & ! ?+ signifi$4 ,= example2 ! m>k d5ot+ t lett]s 7 too %ort1 0 simply l5g!n+ !m 9 r$ ink4 ,a faulty curve 0 d5ot$1 by mak+ a new curve ov] ! old "o1 c4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal criticisms & directions = :i* m>ks 7 contriv$4 ,/rokes r\gh4 ,curve wrong4 ,bad t]m9ation4 ,too slant+1 & ! rev]se4 ,too broad1 & ! rev]se4 ,n p>allel4 ,=m ( ! lett] bad4 ,l>ge /roke made too f9e1 & ! rev]se4 ,too tall1 or too %ort4 ,/ems n /raight4 ,c>eless "w4 ,pap] wa/$4 ,almo/ well en\gh to pass4 ,br+ y\r book to ! tea*]4 ,=m] fault n correct$4 ,a catalogue ( ^! m>ks1 ) an explanation1 0 made out & plac$ :]e x 0 accessible to all1 & by means ( !m ! books c\ld be v easily & rapidly1 b ?or\ghly criticis$4 ,aft] ! plan _h gone on = "s "t1 & its op]ation 0 fully und]/ood1 ! tea*] gave up ! bus9ess ( exam9+ ! books into ! h&s ( a ,committee1 appo9t$ by him f among ! old] & m advanc$ pupils4 ,t ! ,committee might be unbias$ 9 _! judgm5t1 !y 7 requir$ to exam9e & decide ^u ! books1 )\t kn[+ ! names ( ! writ]s4 ,ea* s*ol> 0 inde$ requir$ to place h] "n on ! "r h& upp] corn] ( e page ( h] writ+-book1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! di/ributors2 b ?is corn] 0 turn$ d[n1 :5 ! book 0 br\ght 91 t x might n be se5 by ! ,committee4 ,?is ,committee 7 entru/$ ) pl5>y p[]s1 & !re 0 no appeal f _! decision4 ,9 case !y ex]cis$ _! au?ority 9 an improp] way1 or fail$ on any acc\nt to give satisfaction1 !y 7 liable to impea*m5t1 b :ile !y cont9u$ 9 (fice1 !y 7 to be /rictly obey$4 ,?is plan w5t on successfully = ?ree mon?s1 & ) v little dim9ution ( int]e/4 ,! :ole s*ool w5t regul>ly ?r\gh ! lessons 9 co>se h&1 & aft]w>ds ?r\gh a simil> s]ies 9 f9e h&1 & improvem5t 9 ?is bran* 0 ?\ght to be great] ?an at any =m] p]iod 9 ! same l5g? ( "t4 ,! same pr9ciple ( arrang+ ! sev]al /eps ( an art or a /udy into a s]ies ( lessons1 & requir+ ! pupil to pass regul>ly f "o to ! o!r1 might easily be appli$ to o!r /udies1 & w\ld af=d a pleasant v>iety4 #ab4 ,,! ,,correspond5ce4 ,a ma/] ( a di/rict s*ool 0 walk+ ?r\gh ! room1 ) a l>ge rule 9 8 h&s1 & z he came up beh9d two small boys1 he obs]v$ t !y 7 play+ ) "s pap]s4 ,he /ruck !m once or twice1 ?\gh n v sev]ely on ! head1 ) ! rule :i* he _h 9 8 h&4 ,te>s />t$ f ! eyes ( "o4 ,!y 7 call$ =? by a m+l$ feel+ ( grief1 mortification1 & pa94 ,! o!r :o 0 ( /]n] /uff1 look$ /eadily into ! ma/]'s face1 & :5 8 back 0 turn$1 %ook 8 fi/ at him & laugh$ 9 defiance4 ,ano!r tea*] see+ a simil> case1 did no?+4 ,! boys :5 !y saw him2 ha/ily ga!r$ up _! play?+s & put !m away4 ,an h\r or two aft]1 a little boy :o sat ne> ! ma/]1 br\ght !m a note address$ to !m bo?4 ,!y op5$ x & read z foll[s4 ,to ,edw>d & ,john1 ,i obs]v$1 :5 ,i pass$ y to-day1 f y\r conc]n$ looks1 & y\r hurri$ mann] ( putt+ some?+ into y\r desk1 t y 7 do+ some?+ t y knew 0 wrong4 ,:5 y attempt to d any ?+ :atev]1 :i* consci5ce tells y is wrong1 y only make y\rself uneasy & anxi\s :ile y d x1 & !n y are =c$ to resort to concealm5t & deception1 :5 y see me com+4 ,y w\ld be a great deal happi]1 if y w\ld always be do+ y\r duty1 & !n y w\ld nev] be afraid4 ,y\r affectionate tea*]1 ---- ----4 ,z ! tea*] 0 arrang+ 8 pap]s 9 8 desk1 at ! close ( s*ool1 he f\nd a small piece ( pap] neatly fold$ up 9 ! =m ( a note1 & address$ to him4 ,he read z foll[s1 ,de> tea*]1 ,we are v mu* oblig$ to y = writ+ u a note4 ,we 7 mak+ a pap] box4 ,we "k x 0 wrong1 & are det]m9$ n to d s any m4 ,we hope y w =give u4 ,y\r pupils1 ,edw>d1 ,john4 ,:i* ( ^! tea*]s und]/ood human nature be/8 #ac4 ,,weekly ,,reports4 ,! plan describ$ by ! foll[+ article1 :i* 0 furni%$ by a tea*] = ins]tion "h1 0 orig9ally adopt$1 s f> z ,i "k1 9 a s*ool on ! ,k5nebec4 ,i h adopt$ x ) great advantage4 99 99 99 99 99 c4 ,a tea*] _h "o day be5 speak+ to h] s*ol>s ( c]ta9 cases ( slight disord] 9 ! s*ool1 :i*1 %e rem>k$1 _h be5 gradually creep+ 91 & :i*1 %e ?\ght1 x devolv$ ^u ! s*ol>s1 by sy/ematic ef=ts1 to repress4 ,%e enum]at$ in/ances ( disord] 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! rooms1 leav+ ! b5*es out ( _! places1 ?r[+ wa/e pap]s ^u ! floor1 hav+ ! desk 9 disord]1 inside1 spill+ wat] ^u ! entry floor1 disord]ly deportm5t1 su* z too l\d talk+ or laugh+ 9 recess1 or 9 ! int]mission at noon1 or :5 com+ to s*ool1 & mak+ unnecess>y noise 9 go+ to1 or return+ f recitations4 ,i h a plan to propose1 said ! tea*]1 :i* ,i ?9k may be ! pleasante/ way ( promot+ a re=m1 9 ?+s ( ?is k9d4 ,x is ?is4 ,let sev]al ( y\r numb] be *os5 a ,committee to prep>e1 /at$ly--p]haps z (t5 z once a week1--a writt5 report ( ! /ate ( ! s*ool4 ,! report might be read be=e ! s*ool at ! close ( ea* week4 ,! ,committee might consi/ 9 ! :ole1 ( sev5 or eight1 or ev5 ( elev5 or twelve individuals :o %\ld take ! :ole bus9ess into _! h&s4 ,?is ,committee might appo9t individuals ( _! numb]1 to write1 9 turn1 ea* week4 ,by ?is arrangem5t1 x w\ld n be kn[n to ! s*ool g5]ally1 :o are ! writ]s ( any p>ticul> report1 if ! individuals wi% to be anonym\s4 ,two individuals might be appo9t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! week1 :o %\ld feel x _! bus9ess to obs]ve p>ticul>ly ! c\rse ( ?+s f day to day1 ) ref]5ce to ! report4 ,individuals n memb]s ( ! ,committee1 c r5d] assi/ance by any sugge/ions !y may pres5t to ?is ,committee4 ,^! %\ld h[ev] g5]ally be made 9 writ+4 ,subjects = su* a report w be f\nd to sugge/ !mselves v abundantly1 ?\gh y may n p]haps ?9k s at fir/4 ,! ,committee may be emp[]$1 n only to /ate ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* ?+s are go+ wrong1 b ! me?ods by :i* !y may be made "r4 ,let !m pres5t u ) any sugge/ions !y please4 ,if we d n l !m1 we are n oblig$ to adopt !m4 ,= in/ance1 x is g5]ally ! case :5ev] a recitation is att5d$ 9 ! corn] yond]1 t an end ( "o ( ! b5*es is put aga9/ ! door1 s z to occasion a s]i\s int]ruption to ! ex]cises :5 a p]son wi%es to come 9 or g out4 ,x w\ld come )9 ! prov9ce ( ! ,committee to att5d to su* a case z ?is1 t is1 to br+ x up 9 ! report4 ,! rem$y 9 su* a case is a v simple "o4 ,suppose h[ev]1 t in/ead ( ! simple rem$y1 our ,committee %\ld propose t ! classes recit+ 9 ! said corn] %\ld be dissolv$ & ! /udies aboli%$4 ,we %\ld "k ! proposal 0 an absurd "o2 b !n x w\ld d no hurt2--we %\ld h only to reject x4 ,aga91 besides our faults1 let our ,committee notice ! respects 9 :i* we are do+ p>ticul>ly well1 t we may be enc\rag$ to g on do+ well1 or ev5 to d bett]4 ,if !y ?9k = example1 t we are des]v+ ( cr$it = ! neatness ) :i* books are kept1--= _! fre$om f blots or scribbl+s1 or dog's-e>s1 by :i* s*ool-books are s commonly defac$1 let !m tell u s4 ,& ! same ( any o!r excell5ce4 ,) ! plan z ?us pres5t$1 ! s*ol>s 7 v mu* pleas$4 ,x 0 propos$ by "o individual t su* a ,committee %\ld be appo9t$ imm$iately1 & a report prep>$ = ! ensu+ week4 ,?is 0 done4 ,! ,committee 7 *os5 by ballot4 ,! foll[+ may be tak5 z a specim5 ( _! reports4 ,,weekly ,,report4 ',! ,committee appo9t$ to write ! weekly report h notic$ sev]al ?+s :i* !y ?9k wrong4 ,9 ! fir/ place !re h be5 a great] numb] ( t>dy s*ol>s1 dur+ ! pa/ week ?an usual4 ,mu* ( ?is t>d9ess we suppose is ow+ to ! int]e/ felt 9 build+ ! b[]2 b we ?9k ?is bus9ess ought to be att5d$ to only 9 play h\rs3 ,if only "o or two come 9 late :5 we are read+ 9 ! morn+1 or aft] we h compos$ ourselves to /udy at ! close ( ! recess1 e s*ol> mu/ look up f h] book1--we d n say !y ought to d s1 b only t !y w d s4 ,h[ev]1 we anticipate an improvem5t 9 ?is respect1 z we "k a ^w to ! wise is suffici5t4 ',9 ! two back r[s we are sorry to say t we h notic$ :isp]+4 ,we "k t ?is fact w v mu* di/ress our ,tea*]1 z %e expects assi/ance1 & n tr\ble f our old] s*ol>s4 ,x is n our bus9ess to reprove any "o's misconduct1 b x is our duty to m5tion x1 h[ev] disagreeable x may be4 ,we ?9k ! y\ng] s*ol>s dur+ ! pa/ week h mu* improv$ 9 ?is respect4 ,only ?ree cases ( :isp]+ among !m h occurr$ to our k4 ',we rememb] "s rem>ks made a few weeks ago1 by our ,tea*]1 on ! practice ( prompt+ ea* o!r 9 ! classes4 ,we wi% %e w\ld repeat !m1 = we fe> t by "s !y are =gott54 ,9 ! class 9 ,geography1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! que/ions on ! map1 we h notic$ sly :isp]s1 :i* we suppose 7 ! h9ts ( "s k9d fri5d design$ to refre% ! memory ( h] less att5tive companion4 ,we propose t ! foll[+ "q be n[ put to vote4 ,%all ! practice ( prompt+ 9 ! classes be any long] cont9u$8 ',we w\ld propose t we h a composition ex]cise ?is week simil> to ! "o on ,?ursday la/4 ,x 0 v int]e/+1 & we ?9k all w\ld be will+ to try _! ?9k+ p[]s once m4 ,we w\ld propose also t ! read]s ( ! compositions %\ld sit ne> ! c5tre ( ! room1 z la/ week _m f9e s5t5ces escap$ ! e>s ( ^? seat$ 9 ! remote corn]s4 ',we 7 reque/$ by a v public-spirit$ individual to m5tion once m ! want ( ?ree nails1 = bonnets 9 ! entry4 ,also1 to say t ! air f ! brok5 pane ( glass on ! ea/ side ( ! room1 is v unpleasant to ^! :o sit ne>4 ',propos$ t ! girls :o exhibit$ s mu* ta/e & +5uity 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! fe/oons ( ev]gre51 & tumbl]s ( fl[]s ar\nd ! ,tea*]'s desk1 be n[ reque/$ to remove ! fad$ roses & droop+ violets4 ,we h gaz$ on ^! sad emblems long en\gh4 ',f9ally1 propos$ t great] c>e be tak5 by ^? :o /ay at noon1 to place _! d9n] baskets 9 prop] places4 ,! cont5ts ( m ?an "o1 7 p>tly /rew$ ^u ! entry floor ?is morn+4' ,if su* a measure z ?is is adopt$1 x %\ld n be cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ = a v long "t4 ,e ?+ ( ?is sort %\ld be occasionally *ang$1 or x soon] or lat] becomes only a =m4 #ad4 ,,! ,,%opp+ ,,ex]cise4 c4 ,i h (t5 :5 go+ a %opp+ f\nd difficulty & tr\ble 9 mak+ *ange4 ,i c\ld nev] calculate v readily & 9 ! hurry & p]plexity ( ! mom5t1 ,i 0 always mak+ mi/akes4 ,i h he>d o!rs (t5 make ! same compla9t1 & ,i resolv$ to try ! exp]im5t ( regul>ly tea*+ *ildr5 to make *ange4 ,i _h a bright little class 9 ,ari?metic1 :o 7 always ready to engage ) int]e/ 9 any ?+ new1 & to !m ,i propos$ my plan4 ,x 0 to be call$ ! ,%opp+ ,ex]cise4 ,i fir/ reque/$ ea* individual to write some?+ ^u h] slate1 :i* %e w\ld l to buy1 if %e 0 go+ a %opp+1 /at+ ! quantity %e wi%$ & ! price ( x4 ,to make ! fir/ lesson z simple z possible1 ,i reque/$ no "o to g above t51 ei!r 9 ! quantity or price4 ,:5 all 7 ready1 ,i call$ ^u "s "o to read :at %e _h writt54 ,h] next neighbor 0 !n reque/$ to tell u h[ mu* ! pur*ase w\ld am\nt to2 !n ! fir/ "o nam$ a bill1 :i* %e suppos$ to be (f]$ 9 paym5t1 & ! second %[$ :at *ange 0 ne$$4 ,a %ort specim5 ( ! ex]cise w probably make x cle>] ?an m]e description4 ,m>y4 ,eight ounces ( c&y at sev5 c5ts4 ,susan4 ,fifty-six c5ts4 ,m>y4 ,"o doll>4 ,susan4 ,=ty-f\r c5ts4 ,susan4 ,n9e y>ds ( lace at eight c5ts4 ,anna4 ,sev5ty-two c5ts4 ,susan4 ,two doll>s4 ,anna4 ,"o doll> & tw5ty-eight c5ts4 ,anna4 ,?ree pieces ( tape at five c5ts4 ,jane4 ,fifte5 c5ts4 ,anna4 ,?ree doll>s4 ,jane4 ,eighty-five c5ts4 ,sev]al voices4 ,wrong4 ,jane4 ,two doll>s & eighty-five c5ts4 ,jane4 ,six pictures at eight c5ts4 ,s>ah4 ,=ty-two c5ts4 ,sev]al voices4 ,wrong4 ,s>ah4 ,=ty-eight c5ts4 ,jane4 ,"o doll>4 ,s>ah4 ,sixty-two c5ts4 ,sev]al voices4 ,wrong4 ,s>ah4 ,fifty-two c5ts4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ! same individual :o names ! article & ! price1 names also ! bill :i* %e w\ld give 9 paym5t1 & ! "o :o sits next h]1 :o calculat$ ! am\nt1 calculat$ also ! *ange to be return$4 ,%e !n propos$ h] example to ! "o next 9 ! l9e1 ) :om ! same c\rse 0 pursu$1 & ?us x pass$ d[n ! class4 ,! ex]cise w5t on = "s "t 9 ?is way1 till ! pupils _h become s famili> ) x1 t ,i ?\ght x be/ to all[ !m to take high] numb]s4 ,!y 7 always int]e/$ 9 x1 & made great improvem5t 9 a %ort "t1 & ,i1 myself1 d]iv$ great advantage f li/5+ to !m4 ,!re is "o m circum/ance1 ,i w add1 :i* may contribute to ! int]e/ ( ?is acc\nt4 ,:ile ! class 7 conf9$ 9 :at !y pur*as$1 to ! numb] t51 !y 7 sometimes incl9$ to turn ! ex]cise into a frolic4 ,! v>iety ( articles :i* !y c\ld f9d co/+ less ?an t5 c5ts 0 s small1 t = ! sake ( gett+ some?+ new1 !y w\ld propose examples really ludicr\s1 su* z ^!4 ,?ree meet+-h\ses at two c5ts4 ,f\r pianos at n9e c5ts4 ,b ,i soon f\nd t if ,i all[$ ?is at all1 !n att5tion 0 div]t$ f ! ma9 object1 & occupi$ 9 seek+ ! mo/ div]t+ & curi\s examples4 #ae4 ,,artifices ,,9 ,,recitations4 c4 ,! tea*] ( a small1 newly e/abli%$ s*ool1 _h all ( 8 s*ol>s class$ toge!r 9 "s ( _! /udies4 ,at recitations he usually sat 9 ! middle ( ! room1 :ile ! s*ol>s occupi$ ! usual places at _! desks1 :i* 7 arrang$ ar\nd ! sides4 ,9 ! recitation 9 ,rhetoric1 ! tea*]1 aft] a "t1 obs]v$ t "o or two ( ! class seldom answ]$ appropriately ! que/ions :i* came to !m2 b yet1 7 always ready ) "s k9d ( answ]--g5]ally an exact quotation ( ! words ( ! book4 ,^u notic+ ^! individuals m p>ticul>ly1 he 0 conv9c$ t _! books 7 op5 be=e !m1 9 "s conceal$ situation4 ,ano!r practice n uncommon 9 ! class1 0 t ( prompt+ ea* o!r1 ei!r by :isp]s or writ+4 ,! tea*] took no notice publicly ( ^! practices1 = "s "t1 until at ! close ( an uncommonly good recitation1 he rem>k$1 ,well1 ,i ?9k we h _h a f9e recitation to-day4 ,x is "o ( ! pleasante/ ?+s ,i ev] d1 to he> a lesson t is le>n$ z well z ?is4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld be possible = u to h z good an ex]cise e day8 ,yes sir1 answ]$ sev]al fa9tly4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld be reasonable = me to expect ( e memb] ( ! class1 t %e %\ld always be able to recite all h] lessons1 )\t ev] miss+ a s+le "q8 ,no sir1 answ]$ all4 ,i d n expect x1 said ! tea*]4 ,all ,i wi% is1 t ea* ( y %\ld be fai?ful 9 y\r ef=ts to prep>e y\r lessons4 ,i wi% y to /udy f a s5se ( duty1 & = ! sake ( y\r own improvem5t4 ,y "k ,i d n puni% y = failures4 ,i h no go+ up or d[n1 no sy/em ( m>k+4 ,y\r only rew>d :5 y h made fai?ful prep>ation = a recitation1 is ! feel+ ( satisfaction :i* y w always exp]i5ce2 & :5 y h be5 neglig5t1 y\r only puni%m5t is a sort ( uneasy feel+ ( self-reproa*4 ,i d n expect y all to be inv>iably prep>$ ) e "q ( y\r lessons4 ,sometimes y w be unavoidably prev5t$ f /udy+ !m1 & at o!r times1 :5 y h /udi$ !m v c>efully1 y may h =gott51 or y may fail f "s misappreh5sion ( ! mean+ 9 "s cases4 ,d n1 9 su* a case1 feel tr\bl$ because y may n h appe>$ z well z "s individual :o has n be5 half z fai?ful z y\rself4 ,if y h done y\r duty t is en\gh4 ,on ! o!r h&1 y ought to feel no bett] satisfi$ ) y\rselves :5 y\r lesson has n be5 /udi$ well1 because y may h happ5$ to "k ! p>ts :i* came to y4 ,h ,i done well %\ld always be ! "q1 n h ,i manag$ to appe> well8 ,i w say a ^w "h1 cont9u$ ! tea*]1 ^u a practice1 :i* ,i h kn[n to be v common 9 "s s*ools1 & :i* ,i h be5 sorry to notice occasionally 9 ?is4 ,i mean t ( prompt+1 or help+ ea* o!r along 9 "s way1 at recitations4 ,n[1 :]e a sev]e puni%m5t is ! consequ5ce ( a failure1 !re might seem to be "s reasonabl5ess 9 help+ y\r companions out ( difficulty1 ?\gh ev5 !n1 su* tricks are dep>tures f honorable deal+4 ,b especially :5 !re is no purpose to be s]v$ b t ( appe>+ to "k m ?an y d1 x c]ta9ly mu/ be consid]$ a v mean k9d ( artifice4 ,i ?9k ,i h sometimes obs]v$ an individual to be prompt$1 :]e evid5tly ! assi/ance 0 n desir$1 & ev5 :]e x 0 n ne$$4 ,to :isp] to an individual ! answ] to a "q1 is sometimes to pay h] r a poor complim5t1 at lea/2 = x is ! same z say+1 ',i am a bett] s*ol> ?an y are2 let me help y along a little4' ,let u !n h]eaft]1 h only fair1 op51 hone/ deal+s ) ea* o!r1 no attempts to appe> to advantage by little artful manoeuv]+2--no prompt+1--no peep+ into books4 ,be fai?ful & consci5ti\s1 & !n bani% anxiety = y\r success4 ,d y n ?9k y %all f9d ?is ! pleasante/ c\rse8--,yes sir1 answ]$ e s*ol>4 ,are y will+ to pl$ge y\rselves to adopt x8 ,yes sir4 ,^? :o are1 may raise _! h&s1 said ! tea*]4 ,e h& 0 rais$2 & ! pl$ge1 !re 0 evid5ce to believe1 0 honorably su/a9$4 #af4 ,,keep+ ,,resolutions4 ,! foll[+ are notes ( a famili> lecture on ?is subject1 giv5 by a tea*] at "s g5]al ex]cise 9 ! s*ool4 ,! practice ( ?us r$uc+ to writ+ :at ! tea*] may say on su* subjects w be att5d$ ) excell5t effects4 ,?is is a subject ^u :i* "y p]sons f9d mu* difficulty4 ,! "q is ask$ a ?\s& times1 ,h[ %all ,i ev] le>n to keep my resolutions8 ,p]haps1 ! great cause ( y\r failures is ?is4 ,y are n suffici5tly def9ite 9 =m+ y\r purposes4 ,y w resolve to d a ?+1 )\t kn[+ ) c]ta9ty :e!r x is ev5 possible to d x4 ,aga91 y make resolutions :i* are to run on indef9itely1 s t ( c\rse1 !y c nev] be fully kept4 ,= in/ance1 "o ( y w resolve to rise e>li] 9 ! morn+4 ,y fix ^u no def9ite h\r1 on any def9ite numb] ( morn+s1 only y are go+ to rise e>li]4 ,morn+ comes & f9ds y sleepy & dis9cl9$ to rise4 ,y rememb] y\r resolution ( ris+ e>li]4 ,b !n x is v e>ly1 y say4 ,y resolv$ to rise e>li]1 b y didn't resolve to rise j !n4 ,& ?is1 x may be1 is ! la/ ( y\r resolution4 ,or1 p]haps y are1 = a few morn+s1 a little e>li]2 b !n at ! end ( a week or =tnight1 y d n "k exactly1 :e!r y\r resolution has be5 brok5 or kept1 =1 y _h n decid$ :e!r to rise e>li] = t5 days1 or = t5 ye>s4 ,9 ! same vague & g5]al mann]1 a p]son w resolve to be m /udi\s1 or m dilig5t4 ,9 ! case ( an individual1 ( a mature & well-discipl9$ m9d1 ( acquir$ firmness ( "*1 su* a resolution might h effect4 ,! individual w really devote m "t & att5tion to 8 pursuits4 ,b1 = "o ( y to make su* a resolution1 w\ld d no sort ( good4 ,x w\ld only be a s\rce ( tr\ble & disquiet4 ,y p]ceive !re is no?+ def9ite1--no?+ fix$ ab\t x4 ,y h n decid$ :at am\nt ( additional "t or att5tion to give to y\r /udies1 or1 :5 y w beg91 or :5 y w end4 ,!re is no "o "t :5 y w feel t y are break+ y\r resolution1 because !re 7 no p>ticul> times :5 y 7 to /udy m4 ,y wa/e "o opportunity & ano!r1 & !n1 ) a feel+ ( disc\ragem5t1 & self-reproa*1 conclude to ab&on y\r resolution4 ,oh6 x does no good to make resolutions1 y say2 ,i nev] %all keep !m4 ,n[1 if y w\ld h ! bus9ess ( mak+ resolutions a pleasant & int]e/+1 in/ead ( a disc\rag+1 disquiet+ "o1 y mu/ proce$ 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,be def9ite & di/9ct 9 y\r plan1--decide exactly :at y w d1 & h[ y w d x--:5 y w beg9 & :5 y w end4 ,in/ead ( resolv+ to rise e>li]1 resolve to rise at ! r++ ( ! sunrise bells1 or at "s o!r def9ite "t4 ,resolve to try ?is1 z an exp]im5t1 = "o morn+1 or = "o week1 or =tnight4 ,decide positively1 if y decide at all1 & !n1 rise :5 ! "t comes1 sleepy or n sleepy4 ,d n /op to rep5t ( y\r resolution1 or to consid] ! wisdom or folly ( x1 :5 ! "t = act+ "u x1 has once arriv$4 ,9 all cases1 little & great1 make ?is a pr9ciple1--to consid] well be=e y beg9 to act1 b aft] y h begun to act1 nev] /op to consid]4 ,resolve z delib]ately z y please2 b be sure to keep y\r resolution1 :e!r a wise "o or an unwise "o1 aft] x is once made4 ,nev] all[ y\rself to re-consid] ! "q ( gett+ up1 aft] ! morn+ has come1 except x be1 = "s un=ese5 circum/ance4 ,get up = t "t1 & be m c>eful h[ y make resolutions aga94 #ag4 ,,topics4 c4 ,! plan ( ! ,topic ,ex]cise1 z we call$ x1 is ?is4 ,six or sev5 topics are giv5 out1 in=mation ^u :i* is to be obta9$ f any s\rce1 & communicat$ v]bally be=e ! :ole s*ool1 or sometimes be=e a class =m$ = ?is purpose1 ! next day4 ,! subjects are propos$ bo? by tea*] & s*ol>s1 & if approv$1 adopt$4 ,! ex]cise is int5d$ to be volunt>y1 b ought to be manag$ 9 a way suffici5tly int]e/+ to induce all to jo94 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ex]cise ! tea*] calls ^u all :o h any in=mation 9 reg>d to ! topic assign$1 suppose1 = example x is ,alaba/]1 to rise4 ,p]haps tw5ty individuals out ( =ty rise4 ,! tea*] may1 p]haps1 say to ^? 9 _! seats1 ,d y n "k any ?+ ( ?is subject8 ,h y nei!r se5 nor he>d ( ,alaba/]1 & _h no means ( asc]ta9+ any ?+ 9 reg>d to x8 ,if y h1 y ought to rise4 ,x is n necess>y t y %\ld /ate a fact altoge!r new & unhe>d (1 b if y tell me its color1 or "s ( ! uses to :i* x is appli$1 y w be comply+ ) my reque/4 ,aft] ^! rem>ks1 p]haps a few m rise1 & possibly ! :ole s*ool4 ,individuals are !n call$ ^u at r&om1 ea* to /ate only "o p>ticul> 9 reg>d to ! topic 9 "q4 ,?is arrangem5t is made s z to give all an opportunity to speak3 ,if any s*ol>1 aft] hav+ m5tion$ "o fact1 has some?+ /ill f>!r to communicate1 %e rema9s /&+ till call$ ^u aga94 ,z soon z an individual has exhau/$ h] /ock ( in=mation1 or if ! facts t %e int5d$ to m5tion are /at$ by ano!r1 %e takes h] seat4 ,! topics at fir/ mo/ usually select$1 are ! common objects by :i* we are surr\nd$2 = example1 glass1 iron1 mahogany1 c4 ,! li/ w gradually ext5d itself1 until x w embrace a l>ge numb] ( subjects4 ,! object ( ?is ex]cise is to induce pupils to seek = g5]al in=mation 9 an easy & pleasant mann]1 z by ! p]usal ( books1 newspap]s1 p]iodicals1 & conv]sation ) fri5ds4 ,x induces c>e & att5tion 9 read+1 & discrim9ation 9 select+ ! mo/ useful & important facts f ! mass ( in=mation4 ,z individuals are call$ ^u1 also1 to express _! ideas v]bally1 !y soon acquire by practice1 ! p[] ( express+ _! ideas ) cle>ness & =ce1 & communicat+ ) ease & confid5ce ! k !y possess4 #ah4 ,,music4 c4 ,! girls ( our s*ool (t5 amus$ !mselves 9 recess by collect+ into little gr\ps = s++4 ,z !re seem$ to be a suffici5t p[] ( voice & a respectable numb] :o 7 will+ to jo9 9 ! p]=mance1 x 0 propos$ "o day1 t s++ %\ld be introduc$ z a "p ( ! devotional ex]cises ( ! s*ool4 ,! fir/ attempt ne>ly result$ 9 a failure2 only a few trembl+ voices succe$$ 9 s++ ,old ,hundr$1 to ! words1 ,be ?\1 c4 ,on ! second day1 ,pet]bor\gh 0 sung ) mu* great] confid5ce on ! "p ( ! increas$ numb] ( s+]s4 ,! exp]im5t 0 tri$ ) great] & great] success = sev]al days1 :5 ! ,tea*] propos$ t a sy/ematic plan %\ld be =m$1 by :i* !re night be s++ regul>ly at ! close ( s*ool4 ,x 0 !n propos$1 t a numb] ( ,s++ books be obta9$1 & "o ( ! s*ol>s1 :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) common tunes1 be appo9t$ z *ori/]4 ,h] duty %\ld be1 to decide :at p>ticul> tune may be sung ea* day1 in=m ! ,tea*] ( ! metre ( ! hymn1 & take ! lead 9 ! ex]cise4 ,?is plan be+ approv$ ( by ! s*ol>s1 0 adopt$1 & put into imm$iate execution4 ,sev]al br\ght copies ( ! ,sabba? ,s*ool ,hymn ,book :i* !y _h 9 _! possession1 & ! plan succe$$ beyond all expectation4 ,! greate/ difficulty 9 ! way 0 to get "s "o to lead4 ,! *ori/]1 h[ev]1 0 some:at reliev$ f ! emb>rassm5t :i* %e w\ld naturally feel 9 mak+ a beg9n+1 by ! appo9tm5t ( "o or two individuals ) h]self1 :o 7 to act z h] assi/ants4 ,^! con/itut$ ! lead+ ,committee1 or z x 0 aft]w>ds t]m$1 ,s++ ,committee4 ,s++ n[ became a regul> & int]e/+ ex]cise ( ! s*ool1 & ! ,committee succe$$ 9 manag+ ! bus9ess !mselves4 #ai4 ,,tabu4 c4 ,an article 0 "o day read 9 a s*ool relat+ to ! ,tabu ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&]s4 ,tabu is a t]m ) !m :i* signifies consecrat$1--n to be t\*$--to be let alone--n to be violat$4 ,?us accord+ to _! religi\s obs]vances1 a c]ta9 day w be proclaim$ ,tabu1 t is1 "o ^u :i* !re is to be no "w1 or no go+ out4 ,a few days aft] ?is article 0 read1 ! s*ol>s obs]v$ "o morn+1 a fl[] /uck up 9 a conspicu\s place aga9/ ! wall1 ) ! ^w ,,tabu 9 l>ge *>act]s above x4 ,?is excit$ consid]able curiosity4 ,! tea*] in=m$ !m1 9 explanation1 t ! fl[] 0 a v r>e & beautiful specim5 br\ght by "o ( ! s*ol>s1 :i* he wi%$ all to exam9e4 ,y w\ld naturally feel a disposition to exam9e x by ! t\*2 said he1 b y w all see1 t by ! "t x 0 t\*$ by sixty individuals1 x w\ld be likely to be injur$1 if n de/roy$4 ,s ,i conclud$ to label x1 ,tabu4 ,& x has occurr$ to me t ?is w be a conv5i5t mode ( appris+ y g5]ally1 t any article _h bett] n be h&l$4 ,y "k we sometimes h "s app>atus expos$1 :i* w\ld be liable to injury f di/urbance1 :]e !re are s _m p]sons to t\* x4 ,i %all 9 su* a case1 j m5tion t an article is ,tabu1 & y w und]/& t x is n only n to be injur$1 b n ev5 t\*$4 ,a little delicate managem5t ( ?is sort w (t5 h m influ5ce ov] "y p]sons1 ?an ! mo/ vehem5t scold+1 or ! mo/ wat*ful & jeal\s precautions4 ,! ,tabu 0 always mo/ scrupul\sly reg>d$1 aft] ?is1 :5ev] employ$4 #bj4 ,,m5tal ,,analysis4 ,sc5e2 a class 9 ,ari?metic at recitation4 ,! tea*] gives !m an example 9 addition1 reque/+ !m :5 !y h p]=m$ x to rise4 ,"s f9i% x v soon1 o!rs are v sl[ 9 accompli%+ ! "w4 ,i %\ld l to asc]ta91 says ! tea*]1 h[ great is ! diff]5ce ( rapidity1 ) :i* diff]5t memb]s ( ! class "w 9 addition4 ,i w give y ano!r example1 & !n notice by my wat*1 ! %orte/ & longe/ "t requir$ to d x4 ,! result ( ! exp]im5t 01 t "s memb]s ( ! class 7 two or ?ree times z long 9 do+ x1 z o!rs4 ,p]haps y ?9k1 said ! tea*]1 t ?is diff]5ce is altoge!r ow+ to diff]5ce ( skill1 b x is n4 ,x is ma9ly ow+ to ! diff]5t me?ods adopt$ by v>i\s individuals4 ,i am go+ to describe "s ( ^!1 & z ,i describe !m1 ,i wi% y w\ld notice !m c>efully1 & tell me :i* y practice4 ,!re are !n ?ree modes ( add+ up a column ( figures1 :i* ,i %all describe4 #a4 ,i %all call ! fir/ c\nt+4 ,y take ! fir/ figure1 & !n add ! next to x1 by c\nt+ up regul>ly4 ,!re are ?ree di/9ct ways ( do+ ?is4 7a47 ,c\nt+ by y\r f+]s4 7,yes sir47 ,y take ! fir/ figure1--suppose x is sev51 & ! "o above x1 eight4 ,n[ y recollect t to add eight1 y mu/ c\nt all ! f+]s ( "o h&1 & all b two aga94 ,s y say sev5--eight1 n9e1 t51 elev51 twelve1 ?irte51 f\rte51 fifte54 ,yes sir1 ,yes sir1 said ! s*ol>s4 7b47 ,! next mode ( c\nt+ is to d x m5tally1 )\t us+ y\r f+]s at all1 b z x is necess>y = y to h "s plan to secure y\r add+ ! "r numb]1 y divide ! units into sets ( two ea*4 ,?us y rememb] t eight consi/s ( f\r twos1 & y accord+ly say1 :5 add+ eight to sev51 sev52--eight1 n9e2--t51 elev52--twelve1 ?irte52 c4 7c47 ,! ?ird mode is1 to add by ?ree1 9 ! same way4 ,y recollect t eight consi/s ( two ?rees & a two2 s y say1 sev52--eight1 n9e1 t52--elev51 twelve1 ?irte52--f\rte51 fifte54 ,! tea*] "h /ops to asc]ta9 h[ _m ( ! class are accu/om$ to add 9 ei!r ( ^! modes4 ,x is a majority4 #b4 ,! next g5]al me?od is calculat+4 ,t is1 y d n unite "o numb] to ano!r by ! dull & t$i\s me?od ( apply+ ! units1 "o by "o1 z 9 ! ways describ$ "u ! prec$+ head1 b y come to a result m rapidly by "s mode ( calculat+4 ,^! modes are sev]al4 7a47 ,d\bl+ a numb]1 & !n add+ or subtract+ z ! case may require4 ,= in/ance 9 ! example already specifi$2 9 ord] to add sev5 & eight1 y say1 ,twice sev5 are f\rte5 & "o are fifte52 7,yes sir1 ,yes sir17 or ,twice eight are sixte51 & tak+ "o (f1 leaves fifte54 7,yes sir47 7b47 ,ano!r way ( calculat+ is to skip ab\t ! column1 add+ ^? numb]s :i* y c d mo/ easily1 & !n br++ 9 ! re/ z y be/ c4 ,?us1 if y see ?ree eights 9 "o column1 y say ?ree times eight are tw5ty-f\r1 & !n y try to br+ 9 ! o!r numb]s4 ,(t5 9 su* cases1 y =get :at y h add$ & :at y h n1 & get confus$1 7,yes sir17 or y omit some?+ 9 y\r "w1 & consequ5tly x is incorrect4 7c47 ,if n9es occur1 y sometimes add t51 & !n take (f "o1 = x is v easy to add t54 7d47 ,ano!r me?od ( calculat+1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 n v common1 is ?is4 ,to take our old case1 add+ eight to sev51 y take z mu* f ! eight to add to ! sev5 z w be suffici5t to make t51 & !n x w be easy to add ! re/4 ,?us1 y ?9k 9 a m9ute1 t ?ree f ! eight w make ! sev5 a t51 & !n !re w be five m to add1 :i* w make fifte54 ,if ! next numb] 0 sev51 y w\ld say five ( x w make tw5ty1 & !n !re w be two left1 :i* w make tw5ty-two4 ,?is mode1 ?\gh x may seem m intricate ?an any ( ! o!rs1 is 9 fact m rapid ?an any ( !m1 :5 "o is little accu/om$ to x4 ,^! are ! f\r pr9cipal modes ( calculat+ :i* occur to me4 ,pupils d n g5]ally practice any "o ( !m exclusively1 b occasionally resort to ea*1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( ! p>ticul> case4 ,! tea*] "h /opp$ to inquire h[ _m ( ! class 7 accu/om$ to add by calculat+ 9 ei!r ( ^! ways2 or 9 any simpl] ways4 #c4 ,!re is "o m mode :i* ,i %all describe3 x is by ,memory4 ,be=e ,i expla9 ?is mode ,i wi% to ask y "s que/ions :i* ,i %\ld l to h y answ] z quick z y c4 ,h[ mu* is f\r times five8--,f\r & five8 ,h[ mu* is sev5 times n9e8--,sev5 & n9e8 ,eight times six8--,eight & six8 ,n9e times sev58--,n9e & sev58 ,aft] ask+ a few que/ions ( ?is k9d1 x 0 p]ceiv$ t ! pupils c\ld tell mu* m readily :at 0 ! result :5 ! numb]s 7 to be multipli$1 !n :5 !y 7 to be add$4 ,! reason is1 said ! tea*]1 because y committ$ ! multiplication table to memory1 & h n committ$ ! addition table4 ,n[ _m p]sons h committ$ ! addition table1 s t x is p]fectly famili> to !m1 & :5 !y see any two numb]s1 ! am\nt :i* is produc$ :5 !y are add$ toge!r comes to m9d 9 an in/ant4 ,add+ 9 ?is way is ! la/ ( ! ?ree modes ,i 0 to describe4 ,n[ ( ^! ?ree me?ods1 ! la/ is und\bt$ly ! be/4 ,if y once commit ! addition table ?or\ghly1 y h x fix$ = life2 :]eas if y d n1 y h to make ! calculation ov] aga9 e "t1 & ?us lose a va/ am\nt ( labor4 ,i h no d\bt t !re are "s 9 ?is class :o are 9 ! habit ( c\nt+1 :o h asc]ta9$ t sev5 & eight = in/ance1 make fifte52 by c\nt+ up f sev5 to fifte51 hundr$s ( times4 ,n[ h[ mu* bett] x w\ld be1 to sp5d a little "t 9 fix+ ! fact 9 ! m9d once = all1 & !n :5 y come to ! case1 sev5 & eight are--say at once ,fifte51--in/ead ( mumbl+ ov] & ov] aga91 hundr$s ( times1 ,sev51 eight1 n9e1 t51 elev51 twelve1 ?irte51 f\rte51 fifte54 ,! reason !n1 t "s ( ! class add s sl[ly1 is n probably because !y want skill & rapidity ( execution1 b became !y "w to a great disadvantage1 by work+ 9 ! wrong way4 ,i h (t5 be5 surpris$ at ! dext]ity & spe$ ) :i* "s s*ol>s c c\nt ) _! f+]s1 :5 add+1 & yet !y c\ld n get ?r\gh ! sum v1 quick--at lea/ !y w\ld h done x 9 half ! "t1 if ! same ef=t _h be5 made 9 travell+ on a %ort] road4 ,we w !re=e /udy ! addition table n[1 9 ! class1 be=e we g on any f>!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =ego+ n>ratives1 x is hop$1 may induce "s ( ! read]s ( ?is book to keep j\rnals ( _! own exp]im5ts1 & ( ! incid5ts :i* may1 f "t to "t come "u _! notice1 illu/rat+ ! pr9ciples ( education1 or simply ! *>act]i/ics & t5d5cies ( ! y\?ful m9d4 ,! bus9ess ( tea*+ w excite int]e/ & af=d pleasure1 j 9 proportion to ! degree 9 :i* x is conduct$ by op]ations ( m9d ^u m9d1 & ! means ( mak+ x mo/ fully s1 are1 c>eful practice1 bas$ ^u1 & regulat$ by1 ! results ( c>eful obs]vation4 ,e tea*] !n %\ld make obs]vations & exp]im5ts ^u m9d a "p ( 8 daily duty1 & no?+ w m facilitate ?is1 ?an keep+ a record ( results4 ,!re c be no opportunity = /udy+ human nature1 m favorable ?an ! tea*] enjoys4 ,! mat]ials are all be=e him2 8 v bus9ess1 f day to day1 br+s him to act directly ^u !m2 & ! /udy ( ! p[]s & t5d5cies ( ! human m9d is n only ! mo/ int]e/+ & ! noble/ t c engage human att5tion1 b e /ep ( progress he makes 9 x1 imp>ts an int]e/ & *>m1 to :at w\ld o!rwise be a we>y toil4 ,x at once relieves 8 labors1 :ile x d\bles _! effici5cy & success4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,tea*]',s ,,fir/ ,,day4 ,! tea*] ent]s ^u ! duties ( 8 (fice by a mu* m sudd5 transition ?an is common 9 ! o!r avocations & employm5ts ( life4 ,9 ord9>y cases1 bus9ess comes at fir/ by sl[ degrees1 & ! beg9n] is introduc$ to ! labors & responsibilities ( 8 employm5t1 9 a v gradual mann]4 ,! "y tea*]1 h[ev]1 ent]s1 by a s+le /ep1 into ! v mid/ ( 8 labors4 ,hav+1 p]haps1 nev] ev5 he>d a class recite be=e1 he takes a %ort walk "s w9t] morn+1 & sudd5ly f9ds himself in/at$ at ! desk1--8 fifty s*ol>s all ar\nd1 look+ him 9 ! face1 all wait+ to be employ$4 ,ev]y?+ comes ^u him at once4 ,he c d no?+ until ! day & ! h\r = op5+ ! s*ool arrives1--!n he has ev]y?+ to d4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x is n surpris+ t ! "y tea*] %\ld look =w>d ) unusual solicitude to 8 fir/ day 9 s*ool2 & he desires1 ord9>ily1 special in/ructions 9 respect to ?is occasion4 ,"s su* special in/ructions we propose to give 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! exp]i5c$ tea*] may ?9k "s ( !m too m9ute & trivial4 ,b he mu/ rememb] t !y are int5d$ = ! y\nge/ beg9n] 9 ! humble/ s*ool2 & if he recalls to m9d 8 own fev]i% solicitude on ! morn+ :5 he w5t to take 8 fir/ comm& 9 ! di/rict s*ool1 he w p>don ! seem+ m9ut5ess ( detail4 #a4 ,x w be well = ! "y tea*] to take opportunity1 betwe5 ! "t ( 8 engag+ 8 s*ool & t ( 8 comm5c+ x1--to acquire z mu* in=mation 9 respect to x1 be=eh&1 z possible1--s z to be some:at acqua9t$ ) ! sc5e ( 8 labors be=e ent]+ ^u x4 ,asc]ta9 ! names & ! *>act]s ( ! pr9cipal families 9 ! di/rict1 _! ideas & wi%es 9 respect to ! gov]nm5t ( ! s*ool1 ! k9d ( managem5t adopt$ by "o or two ( ! la/ tea*]s1 ! difficulties !y fell into1 ! nature ( ! compla9ts made aga9/ !m1 if any1 & ! families ) :om difficulty has usually aris54 ,?is in=mation mu/ ( c\rse be obta9$ 9 private conv]sation2 a good deal ( x mu/ be1 f its v nature1 highly confid5tial2 b x is v important t ! tea*] %\ld be possess$ ( x4 ,he w necess>ily become possess$ ( x by degrees1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 adm9i/ration1 :51 h[ev]1 x may be too late to be ( any s]vice to him4 ,b by judici\s & prop] ef=ts to acquire x be=eh&1 he w ent] ^u ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties ) great advantage4 ,x is l a navigator's becom+ acqua9t$ be=eh& ) ! nature & ! dang]s ( ! sea ov] :i* he is ab\t to sail4 ,su* inquiries z ^! w1 9 ord9>y cases1 br+ to ! tea*]'s k1 9 mo/ di/ricts 9 our c\ntry1 "s cases ( peculi>ly tr\blesome s*ol>s1 or unreasonable & compla9+ p>5ts1--& /ories ( _! unju/ifiable conduct on =m] occasions1 w come to him2 exagg]at$ by ! jeal\sy ( rival neighb\rs4 ,!re is dang] t 8 res5tm5t may be r\s$ a little1 & t 8 m9d w assume a ho/ile attitude at once t[>ds su* individuals2 s t he w ent] ^u 8 "w r ) a desire to seek a collision ) !m1 or at lea/ ) secret feel+s ( defiance t[>ds !m1--feel+s :i* w lead to t k9d ( unb5d+ p]p5dicul>ity 9 8 demean\r t[>ds !m :i* w almo/ inevitably lead to a collision4 ,n[ ?is is wrong4 ,!re is inde$ a po9t :]e firm resi/ance to unreasonable dem&s becomes a duty4 ,b z a g5]al pr9ciple x is mo/ unque/ionably true1 t x is ! tea*]'s duty to accommodate himself to ! "* & expectations ( 8 employ]s1 n to face & brave !m4 ,^? italiciz$ words may be und]/ood to mean some?+ :i* w\ld be entirely wrong2 b 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,i mean to use !m1 !re c be no "q t !y indicate ! prop] pa? = "o employ$ by o!rs to d "w = !m1 9 all cases1 to pursue4 ,if !re=e ! tea*] f9ds by 8 inquiries into ! /ate ( 8 di/rict t !re are "s peculi> difficulties & dang]s !re1 let him n *]i% a disposition to face & resi/ !m1 b to avoid !m4 ,let him g ) an int5tion to soo! r ?an to irritate feel+s :i* h be5 w\nd$ be=e1--to comply ) ! wi%es ( all s f> z he c1 ev5 if !y are n entirely reasonable1--& :ile he endeav\rs to elevate ! /&>d & correct ! op9ions prevail+ among 8 employ]s1 by any means 9 8 p[]1 to aim at do+ x g5tly2 & 9 a tone & mann] suitable to ! relation he su/a9s2--9 a ^w1 let him skilfully avoid ! dang]s ( 8 navigation1 n ob/9ately run 8 %ip aga9/ a rock on purpose1 on ! gr\nd t ! rock has no bus9ess to be !re4 ,?is is ! _s !n ) :i* ^! prelim9>y inquiries1 9 reg>d to ! patrons ( ! s*ool1 ought to be made4 ,we come n[ to a second po9t4 #b4 ,x w assi/ ! "y tea*] v mu* 9 8 fir/ day's labors1 if he takes measures = see+ & conv]s+ ) "s ( ! old] or m intellig5t s*ol>s1 on ! day or ev5+ be=e he beg9s 8 s*ool1 ) a view ( obta9+ f !m "s acqua9tance ) ! int]nal arrangem5ts & cu/oms ( ! s*ool4 ,! object ( ?is is to obta9 ! same k9d ( in=mation ) respect to ! int]ior ( ! s*ool1 t 0 recomm5d$ 9 respect to ! di/rict1 "u ! =m] head4 ,he may call ^u a few families1 especially ^? :i* furni% a l>ge numb] ( s*ol>s = ! s*ool1 & make z _m m9ute inquiries ( !m1 z he c1 respect+ all ! int]ior arrangem5ts to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$2 :at read+ books & o!r text books h be5 us$1--:at are ! pr9cipal classes 9 all ! sev]al dep>tm5ts ( in/ruction1--& :at is ! sy/em ( discipl9e1 & ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts to :i* ! s*ool has be5 accu/om$4 ,if 9 su* conv]sations ! tea*] %\ld f9d a few intellig5t & communicative s*ol>s1 he might le>n a great deal ab\t ! pa/ habits & condition ( ! s*ool1 :i* w\ld be ( great s]vice to him4 ,n1 by any means1 t he w adopt & cont9ue ^! me?ods z a matt] ( c\rse1--b only t a k ( !m w r5d] him v important aid 9 m>k+ out 8 own c\rse4 ,! m m9ute & full ! in=mation ( ?is sort is :i* he ?us obta9s1 ! bett]4 ,if practicable1 x w\ld be well to make out a catalogue ( all ! pr9cipal classes1 ) ! names ( ^? individuals belong+ to !m1 :o w probably att5d ! new s*ool1 & ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 usually call$ ^u to read or recite4 ,! conv]sation :i* w\ld be necess>y to accompli% ?is1 w\ld ( itself be ( great s]vice4 ,x w\ld br+ ! tea*] into an acqua9tance ) sev]al important families & gr\ps ( *ildr51 "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances4 ,! p>5ts w\ld see & be pleas$ ) ! k9d ( int]e/ !y w\ld see ! tea*] tak+ 9 8 new duties4 ,! *ildr5 w\ld be pleas$ to be able to r5d] _! new in/ruct] "s s]vice1 & w\ld g to ! s*ool-room on ! next morn+ ) a feel+ ( acqua9tance ) him1 & a pr$isposition to be pleas$4 ,& if by *ance any family %\ld be ?us call$ ^u1 t _h h]et(ore be5 capti\s or compla9+1 or dispos$ to be jeal\s ( ! high] importance or influ5ce ( o!r families1--t _s w\ld be entirely s(t5$ & subdu$ by su* an int]view ) _! new in/ruct] at _! own fireside1 on ! ev5+ prec$+ ! comm5cem5t ( 8 labors4 ,! great object1 h[ev]1 :i* ! tea*] w\ld h 9 view1 9 su* inquiries1 %\ld be ! value ( ! in=mation itself4 ,z to ! use :i* he w make ( x1 we %all speak h]eaft]4 #c4 ,x is desirable t ! "y tea*] %\ld meet 8 s*ol>s fir/ 9 an un(ficial capacity4 ,= ?is purpose repair to ! s*ool-room1 on ! fir/ day1 at an e>ly h\r1 s z to see & become acqua9t$ ) ! s*ol>s z !y come 91 "o by "o4 ,! int]c\rse betwe5 tea*] & pupil %\ld be l t betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr51 :]e ! utmo/ fre$om is unit$ ) ! mo/ p]fect respect4 ,! fa!r :o is mo/ firm & decisive 9 8 family gov]nm5t1 c m+le mo/ freely 9 ! conv]sation & sports ( 8 *ildr5 )\t any d]ogation ( 8 au?ority1 or dim9ution ( ! respect !y owe4 ,"y tea*]s1 h[ev]1 are prone to =get ?is1 & to imag9e t !y mu/ assume an appe>ance ( /]n au?ority1 always1 :5 9 ! pres5ce ( _! s*ol>s1 if !y wi% to be respect$ or obey$4 ,?is !y call keep+ up _! dignity4 ,accord+ly !y wait1 on ! morn+ ( _! induction into (fice1 until _! new subjects are all assembl$1 & !n walk 9 ) an air ( ! highe/ dignity1 & ) ! /ep ( a k+4 ,& sometimes a =midable in/rum5t ( discipl9e is c>ri$ 9 ! h& to height5 ! impression4 ,n[ !re is no "q t x is ( great importance t s*ol>s %\ld h a high idea ( ! tea*]'s firmness & inflexible decision 9 ma9ta9+ 8 au?ority & repress+ all disord] ( e k9d4 ,b ?is impression %\ld be creat$ by _! see+ h[ he acts1 9 ! v>i\s em]g5cies :i* w spontane\sly occur1 & n by assum$ airs ( importance or dignity1 feign$ = effect4 ,9 o!r words1 _! respect = him %\ld be bas$ on real traits ( "*1 z !y see !m br\ght out into natural action1 & n on appe>ances assum$ = ! occasion4 ,x seems to me1 !re=e1 t x is be/ = ! tea*] fir/ to meet 8 s*ol>s ) ! air & tone ( free & famili> int]c\rse1 & he w f9d 8 opportunity m favorable = do+ ?is1 if he goes e>ly1 on ! fir/ morn+ ( 8 labors1 & conv]ses freely ) ^? :om he f9ds !re1 & ) o!rs z !y come 94 ,he may take an int]e/ ) !m 9 all ! little arrangem5ts connect$ ) ! op5+ ( ! s*ool4 ,! build+ ( ! fire1 ! pa?s ?r\gh ! sn[1 ! arrangem5ts ( seats1 call+ ^u !m = in=mation or aid1 ask+ _! names1 &1 9 a ^w1 ent]+ fully & freely into conv]sation ) !m1 j z a p>5t1 "u simil> circum/ances1 w\ld d ) 8 *ildr54 ,all ! *ildr5 ?us address$ w be pleas$ ) ! g5tl5ess & affability ( ! tea*]4 ,ev5 a r\gh & ill-natur$ boy1 :o has p]haps come to ! s*ool ) ! express det]m9ation ( attempt+ to make mis*ief1 w be completely dis>m$1 by be+ ask$ pleasantly to help ! tea*] fix ! fire1 or alt] ! position ( 8 desk4 ,?us by means ( ! half h\r dur+ :i* ! s*ol>s are com+ toge!r1 & ( ! visits made 9 ! prec$+ ev5+1 z describ$ "u ! la/ head1 ! tea*] w f9d1 :5 he calls ^u ! *ildr5 to take _! seats1 t he has made a v l>ge numb] ( !m 8 p]sonal fri5ds4 ,_m ( ^! w h communicat$ _! fir/ impressions to ! o!rs1 s t he w f9d himself possess$1 at ! outset1 ( t :i* is ( vital consequ5ce 9 ! op5+ ( any adm9i/ration1--a /rong p>ty 9 8 favor4 #d4 ,! "t = call+ ! s*ool to ord]1 & comm5c+ ex]cises ( "s sort1 w at l5g? arrive1 ?\gh if ! "w ( mak+ p]sonal acqua9tances is go+ on pleasantly1 x may p]haps be delay$ a little beyond ! usual h\r4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! "t arrives1 we w\ld /rongly recomm5d t ! fir/ s]vice by :i* ! regul> duties ( ! s*ool are comm5c$ %\ld be an act ( religi\s wor%ip4 ,!re are _m reasons :y ! ex]cises ( ! s*ool %\ld e day be ?us comm5c$1 & !re are special reasons = x on ! fir/ day4 ,!re are v few di/ricts :]e p>5ts w\ld h any objection to ?is4 ,!y might inde$1 9 "s cases1 if ! subject 7 to be br\ght up =mally be=e !m z a matt] ( d\bt1 anticipate "s difficulties1 or create imag9>y ones1 gr[+ out ( ! suppos$ s5sitiv5ess ( cont5d+ sects4 ,b if ! tea*] 71 ( 8 own accord1 to comm5ce ! pla91 fai?ful1 & hone/ dis*>ge ( ?is duty z a matt] ( c\rse1 v few w\ld ?9k ( mak+ any objection to x2 & almo/ all w\ld be satisfi$ & pleas$ ) its actual op]ation4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! tea*] %\ld1 9 any case1 h reason to believe t su* a practice w\ld be contr>y to ! wi%es ( 8 employ]s1 x w\ld1 accord+ to views we h pres5t$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 be wrong = him to attempt to introduce x4 ,he might1 if he %\ld see fit1 make su* an objection a reason = decl9+ to take ! s*ool2 b he ought n1 if he takes x1 to act c\nt] to ! kn[n wi%es ( 8 employ]s1 9 s important a po9t4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 no su* objections are made kn[n to him1 he ne$ n raise ! "q himself at all1 b take x = grant$ t 9 a ,*ri/ian l& !re w be no objection to implor+ ! div9e protection & bless+ at ! op5+ ( a daily s*ool4 ,if ?is practice is adopt$1 x w h a mo/ p[]ful influ5ce ^u ! moral condition ( ! s*ool4 ,x mu/ be s4 ,?\gh _m w be inatt5tive1 & _m utt]ly unconc]n$1--yet x is n possible to br+ *ildr51 ev5 9 =m1 into ! pres5ce ( ,god e day1 & to utt] 9 _! he>+ ! petitions1 :i* !y ought to pres5t1 )\t br++ a p[]ful elem5t ( moral influ5ce to be> ^u _! he>ts4 ,! good w be made bett]1--! consci5ti\s m consci5ti\s /ill1--& ! rude & savage w be subdu$ & s(t5$ by ! daily attempt to lead !m to ! ?rone ( _! ,creator4 ,to secure ?is effect1 ! devotional s]vice mu/ be an hone/ "o4 ,!re mu/ be no?+ feign$ or hypocritical2 no hackney$ phrases us$ )\t mean+1 or intonations ( assum$ solemnity4 ,x mu/ be hone/1 he>tfelt1 simple pray]2 ! pla9 & direct expression ( su* s5tim5ts z *ildr5 ought to feel1 & ( su* petitions z !y ought to (f]4 ,we %all speak pres5tly ( ! mode ( avoid+ "s abuses to :i* ?is ex]cise is liable2 b if ^! s\rces ( abuse are avoid$1 & ! duty is p]=m$ 9 t pla91 simple1 direct1 & hone/ mann]1 9 :i* x c]ta9ly w be1 if x spr+s f ! he>t1 x mu/ h a great influ5ce on ! moral progress ( ! *ildr51 & 9 fact 9 all respects on ! prosp]ity ( ! s*ool4 ,b !n indep5d5tly ( ! advantages :i* may be expect$ to result f ! practice ( daily pray] 9 s*ool1--x w\ld seem to be ! imp]i\s duty ( ! tea*] to adopt x4 ,s _m human m9ds committ$ ?us to ! guidance ( "o1--at a p]iod :5 ! "* receives s easily & s p]man5tly its %ape & direction1--& 9 a _w ( probation l ?is1 is an occasion :i* seems to dem& ! op5 recognition ( ! h& ( ,god on ! "p ( any individual to :om su* a tru/ is committ$4 ,! duty spr+s s directly out ( ! attitude 9 :i* ! tea*] & pupil /& 9 respect to ea* o!r1 & ! relation !y toge!r be> to ! ,supreme1 t x w\ld seem impossible = any "o to hesitate to admit ! duty1 )\t d5y+ altoge!r ! exi/5ce ( a ,god4 ,h[ va/ ! responsibility ( giv+ =m & "* to ! human s\l6 ,h[ mighty ! influ5ce ( :i* ! un=m$ m9ds ( a gr\p ( *ildr5 are susceptible6 ,h[ mu* _! daily tea*] mu/ inevitably ex]t ^u !m6 ,if we admit ! exi/5ce ( ,god at all1 & t he ex]ts any ag5cy :atev] 9 ! moral _w :i* he has produc$1 "h seems to be "o ( ! /ronge/ cases 9 :i* 8 int]v5tion %\ld be s\ght4 ,& !n :5 we reflect ^u ! influ5ce :i* w\ld be ex]t$ ^u ! future religi\s "* ( ?is nation1 by hav+ ! millions ( *ildr5 tra9+ up 9 ! s*ools1 accu/om$1 ?r\gh all ! ye>s ( e>ly life1 to be+ br\ght daily into ! pres5ce ( ! ,supreme1 ) ?anksgiv+1 confession1 & pray]1 x c h>dly seem possible t ! tea*] :o wi%es to be fai?ful 9 8 duties1 %\ld hesitate 9 reg>d to ?is4 ,"s tea*] may1 p]haps1 say t he _c p]=m x because he is n a religi\s man2--he makes no pret5sions to piety4 ,b ?is c surely be no reason4 ,he ought to be a religi\s man1 & 8 fir/ pray] (f]$ 9 s*ool may be ! fir/ act by :i* he becomes s4 ,ent]+ ! s]vice ( ,jehovah is a "w :i* requires no prelim9>y /eps4 ,x is to be done at once1 by s9c]e confession1 & an hone/ pray] = =giv5ess = ! pa/1 & /r5g? = "t to come4 ,a daily religi\s s]vice 9 s*ool may be1 !re=e1 ! outw>d act by :i* he1 :o has long liv$ )\t ,god1 may return to 8 duty4 ,if1 f su* consid]ations1 ! tea*] purposes to h a daily religi\s s]vice 9 8 s*ool1 he %\ld by all means beg9 on ! fir/ day1--& :5 he fir/ calls 8 s*ool to ord]4 ,he %\ld m5tion to 8 pupils ! great & obvi\s duty ( implor+ ,god's guidance & bless+ 9 all _! ways1 & !n read a %ort portion ( ,scripture1 ) an occasional ^w or two ( simple explanation1 & (f]1 himself1 a %ort & simple pray]4 ,9 "s cases1 tea*]s are dispos$ to po/pone ?is duty a day or two1 f timidity or o!r causes1 hop+ t aft] becom+ acqua9t$ a little ) ! s*ool1 & hav+ complet$ _! m important arrangem5ts1 !y %all f9d x easi] to beg94 ,b ?is is a sad mi/ake4 ,! long] x is po/pon$1 ! m difficult & try+ x w be4 ,& !n ! moral impressions w be altoge!r m /rong & salut>y1 if an act ( solemn religi\s wor%ip is made ! fir/ op5+ act ( ! s*ool4 ,:]e ! tea*] has n suffici5t confid5ce t ! g5]al s5se ( propriety among 8 pupils w pres]ve good ord] & decorum dur+ ! ex]cise1 x may be bett] = him to read a pray]1 select$ f books ( devotion1 or prep>$ by himself expressly = ! occasion4 ,by ?is plan 8 s*ool w be1 dur+ ! ex]cise1 "u 8 own obs]vation z at o!r times4 ,x may1 9 "s s*ools1 :]e ! numb] is small1 or ! prevail+ habits ( s]i\sness & ord] are good1 be well to all[ ! old] s*ol>s to read ! pray] 9 rotation1 tak+ especial c>e t x does n deg5]ate into a m]e read+ ex]cise2 b t x is und]/ood1 bo? by read]s & he>]s1 to be a solemn act ( religi\s wor%ip4 ,9 a ^w1 if ! tea*] is really hone/ & s9c]e 9 8 wi% to lead 8 pupils to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 he w f9d no s]i\s difficulty 9 prev5t+ ! abuses & avoid+ ! dang]s :i* "s might fe>1 & 9 accompli%+ va/ good1 bo? 9 promot+ ! prosp]ity ( ! s*ool1 & 9 ! =mation ( ! highe/ & be/ traits a individual "*4 ,we h dwelt1 p]haps1 long] on ?is subject ?an we ought to h done 9 ?is place2 b its importance1 :5 view$ 9 its be>+s on ! ?\s&s ( *ildr5 daily assembl+ 9 our di/rict s*ools1 mu/ be our apology4 ,! emb>rassm5ts & difficulties aris+ f ! extreme s5sitiv5ess :i* exi/s among ! v>i\s d5om9ations ( ,*ri/ians 9 our l&1 ?reat5 to int]f]e v s]i\sly ) giv+ a prop] degree ( religi\s in/ruction to ! mass ( ! y\?ful population4 ,b we mu/ n1 because we h no national *ur*1 cease to h a national religion4 ,all our in/itutions ought to be s adm9i/]$ z op5ly to recognise ! h& ( ,god1 & to seek 8 protection & bless+2 & 9 reg>d to none is x m imp]i\sly necess>y ?an 9 respect to our common s*ools4 #e4 ,aft] ! s*ool is ?us op5$1 ! tea*] w f9d himself br\ght to ! great difficulty :i* emb>rasses ! beg9n+ ( 8 labors1 i4 e4 h[ to f9d imm$iate employm5t at once1 = ! ?irty or =ty *ildr5 :o all look up to him wait+ = _! ord]s4 ,i say ?irty or =ty1 = ! "y tea*]'s fir/ s*ool w usually be a small "o4 ,8 object1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld be1 9 all ord9>y cases1 = ! fir/ few days1 tw(old4 ,fir/1 to revive & re/ore1 9 ! ma91 ! g5]al r\t9e ( classes & ex]cises pursu$ by 8 pr$ecessor 9 ! same s*ool4 ,& secondly1 :ile do+ ?is1 to become z fully acqua9t$ ) 8 s*ol>s z possible4 ,x is be/ !n1 ord9>ily1 = ! tea*] to beg9 ! s*ool z 8 pr$ecessor clos$ x1 & make ! transition to 8 own p]haps m improv$ me?od1 a gradual "o4 ,9 "s cases a diff]5t c\rse is wise und\bt$ly1--z1 = example1 :]e a tea*] is comm5c+ a private s*ool1 on a previ\sly well-dige/$ plan ( 8 own1--or :]e "o :o has _h exp]i5ce1 & has confid5ce 9 8 p[] to br+ 8 new pupils promptly & at once into ! sy/em ( classification & in/ruction :i* he pref]s4 ,x is difficult h[ev] to d ?is1 & requires a good deal ( address & decision2 x is f> easi] & saf]1 & 9 almo/ all cases1 bett] 9 e respect = a "y tea*] to revive & re/ore ! =m] arrangem5ts 9 ! ma91 & take 8 dep>ture f !m4 ,he may aft]w>ds make *anges1 z he may f9d !m necess>y or desirable1 & ev5 br+ ! s*ool soon into a v diff]5t /ate f t 9 :i* he f9ds x2 b x w g5]ally be m pleasant = himself1 & bett] = ! s*ool1 to avoid ! %ock ( a sudd5 & entire revolution4 ,! fir/ ?+ !n1 :5 ! s*ol>s are ready to be employ$1 is to set !m at "w1 9 classes or ^u lessons1 z !y w\ld h be5 employ$ _h ! =m] tea*] cont9u$ 9 *>ge ( ! s*ool4 ,to illu/rate cle>ly h[ ?is may be done1 we may give ! foll[+ dialogue4 ,tea*]4 ,c any "o ( ! boys in=m me :at 0 ! fir/ lesson t ! =m] ma/] us$ to he> 9 ! morn+8 ,! boys are sil5t1 look+ to "o ano!r4 ,tea*]4 ,did he he> any recitation imm$iately aft] s*ool began8 ,boys2--fa9tly & ) hesitation4 ,no sir4 ,tea*]4 ,h[ long 0 x be=e he began to he> lessons8 ,sev]al boys simultane\sly4 ,ab\t half an h\r4 ,a little :ile4 ,qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,:at did he d at ?is "t8 ,m5d$ p5s4 ,set copies4 ,look$ ov] sums1 & v>i\s o!r answ]s are p]haps giv54 ,! tea*] !n makes a memor&um ( ?is1 & !n inquires2 ,& :at lesson came aft] ?is8 ,geography4 ,all ! boys 9 ?is s*ool :o /udi$ geography may rise4 ,a consid]able numb] rise4 ,did y all recite toge!r8 ,no sir4 ,!re are two classes !n8 ,yes sir4 ,yes sir4 ,m ?an two4 ,all :o belong to ! class t recites fir/ 9 ! morn+ may rema9 /&+2 ! re/ may sit4 ,! boys obey1 & eight or t5 ( !m rema9 /&+4 ,! tea*] calls ^u "o ( !m to produce 8 book1 & assigns !m a lesson1 9 regul> c\rse4 ,he !n reque/s "s "o ( ! numb] to write out1 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 a li/ ( ! class1 & to br+ x ) him to ! recitation ! next morn+4 ,are !re any o!r s*ol>s 9 ! s*ool :o ?9k x w\ld be well = !m to jo9 ?is class8 ,9 answ] to ?is "q probably "s new s*ol>s might p]haps rise1 or "s hi!rto belong+ to o!r classes1 :o might be ( suitable age & qualifications to be transf]r$4 ,if ^! individuals %\ld appe> to be ( ! prop] /&+ & "*1 !y might at once be jo9$ to ! class 9 "q1 & direct$ to take ! same lesson4 ,9 ! same mann] ! o!r classes w\ld pass 9 review be=e ! tea*]2 & he w\ld obta9 a memor&um ( ! usual ord] ( ex]cises1 & 9 a %ort "t set all 8 pupils at "w prep>+ = ! lessons ( ! next day4 ,he w\ld be mu* aid$ 9 ?is by ! previ\s k :i* he w\ld h obta9$ by private conv]sation1 z recomm5d$ "u a =m] head4 ,"s individual cases w\ld require a little special att5tion1 su* z new s*ol>s2 small *ildr51 c42 b he w\ld be able1 be=e a great :ile1 to look ar\nd him & see 8 :ole s*ool busy ) ! "w he _h assign$ !m1 & 8 own "t = ! re/ ( ! morn+1 9 a great degree1 at 8 own comm&4 ,i ought to say1 h[ev]1 t x is n probable t he w\ld long cont9ue ^! arrangem5ts unalt]$4 ,9 he>+ ! diff]5t classes1 he w\ld wat* = opportunities = comb9+ !m1 or discont9u+ ^? :]e ! numb] 0 small1--he w\ld alt] ! times ( recitation1 & gr\p individual s*ol>s into classes1 s z to br+ ! s*ool1 9 a v %ort "t1 into a condition correspond+ m ne>ly ) 8 own views4 ,all ?is c be done v easily & pleasantly :5 ! :eels are once 9 motion2 = a s*ool is l a %ip 9 "o respect1--mo/ easily /e]$ 9 ! "r direction1 :5 "u sail4 ,by ?is plan also ! tea*] obta9s :at is almo/ absolutely necess>y at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 labors1 "t = obs]vation4 ,x is ( ! fir/ importance t he %\ld become acqua9t$1 z e>ly z possible1 ) ! *>act]s ( ! boys1 especially to le>n :o ^? are :i* are mo/ likely to be tr\blesome4 ,!re always w be a few1 :o w require special wat* & c>e1 & g5]ally !re w be only a few4 ,a great deal dep5ds on f9d+ ^! individuals out1 9 good season1 & br++ ! pressure ( a prop] au?ority to be> ^u !m soon4 ,by ! plan ,i h recomm5d$1 ( n attempt+ to remodel ! s*ool :olly at once1 ! tea*] obta9s "t = notic+ ! pupils1 & le>n+ some?+ ab\t _! individual *>act]s4 ,9 fact1 s important is ?is1 t x is ! plan ( "s tea*]s1 :5ev] !y comm5ce a new s*ool1 to let ! boys h _! own way1 almo/ entirely1 = a few days1 9 ord] to f9d out fully :o ! idle & mis*iev\s are4 ,?is is p]haps go+ a little too f>2 b x is c]ta9ly desirable to enjoy z _m opportunities = obs]vation z c be secur$ on ! fir/ few days ( ! s*ool4 #f4 ,make x !n a special object ( att5tion1 dur+ ! fir/ day or two1 to discov] :o ! idle & mis*iev\s individuals are4 ,!y w h g5]ally seat$ !mselves toge!r 9 little knots1 = z !y are aw>e t ! new tea*] does n "k !m1 !y w imag9e t1 ?\gh p]haps sep>at$ be=e1 !y c n[ slip toge!r aga91 )\t any tr\ble4 ,x is be/ to avoid1 if possible1 an op5 collision ) any ( !m at once1 9 ord] t !y may be ! bett] obs]v$4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 y see idl5ess or play1 endeav\r to rem$y ! evil = ! "t1 by giv+ ! individual some?+ special to d1 or by "s o!r measure1 )\t h[ev] seem+ to notice ! misconduct4 ,cont9ue ?us adroitly to /op e ?+ disord]ly1 :ile at ! same "t y notice & rememb] :]e ! t5d5cies to disord] exi/4 ,by ?is means ! individuals :o w\ld cause mo/ ( ! tr\ble & difficulty 9 ! discipl9e ( ! s*ool w soon betray !mselves1 & ^? too1 ^: fidelity & good behavi\r c be reli$ ^u1 w also be kn[n4 ,! names ( ! =m] %\ld be among ! fir/ :i* ! tea*] le>ns1 & _! *>act]s %\ld be among ! fir/ :i* he /udies4 ,! mo/ prom95t among !m1 ^? app>5tly mo/ likely to make tr\ble1 he %\ld note p>ticul>ly1 & make inquiries out ( s*ool respect+ !m1--_! *>act]s1--_! education at home1 c41 s z to become acqua9t$ ) !m z e>ly & z fully z possible2--= he mu/ h ?is full acqua9tance ) !m be=e he is prep>$ to comm5ce any decid$ c\rse ( discipl9e ) !m4 ,! tea*] (t5 does irrep>able injury by ra% action at ! outset4 ,he sees1 = in/ance1 a boy secretly eat+ an apple :i* he has conceal$ 9 8 h&1 & :i* he bites1 ) 8 book be=e 8 m\?1 or 8 head "u ! lid ( 8 desk4 ,x is p]haps ! fir/ day ( ! s*ool1 & ! tea*] ?9ks he _h bett] make an example at ! outset1 & calls ! boy out1 kn[+ no?+ ab\t 8 g5]al "*1 & inflicts "s pa9ful or degrad+ puni%m5t be=e all ! s*ool4 ,a little aft]w>ds1 z he becomes gradually acqua9t$ ) ! boy1 he f9ds t he is ( mild1 g5tle disposition1 g5]ally ob$i5t & h>mless1 & t 8 (f5ce 0 only an act ( mom5t>y ?\ghtlessness1 aris+ f "s circum/ances ( peculi> temptation at ! "t1 a boy 9 ! next seat p]haps _h j be=e h&$ him ! apple4 ,! tea*] regrets1 :5 too late1 ! ha/y puni%m5t4 ,he p]ceives t in/ead ( hav+ ! influ5ce ( salut>y example ^u ! o!r boys1 x mu/ h %ock$ _! s5se ( ju/ice1 & excit$ dislike t[>ds a tea*] s quick & sev]e1 r ?an ( fe> ( do+ wrong !mselves4 ,x w\ld be saf] to po/pone su* decid$ measures a little1--to avoid all op5 collisions if possible = a few days4 ,9 su* a case z ! above1 ! boy might be k9dly spok5 to 9 an "u-tone1 9 su* a way z to %[ bo? ! tea*]'s s5se ( ! impropriety ( disord]1 & also 8 desire to avoid giv+ pa9 to ! boy4 ,if x !n turns out t ! individual is ord9>ily a well-dispos$ boy1 all is "r1 & if he proves to be habitually disob$i5t & tr\blesome1 ! l5ity & =be>ance ex]cis$ at fir/1 w facilitate ! effect aim$ at by subsequ5t measures4 ,avoid !n1 = ! few fir/ days1 all op5 collision ) any ( y\r pupils1 t y may h opportunity = m9ute & ?or\gh obs]vation4 ,& "h ! "y tea*] ought to be caution$ aga9/ a fault :i* beg9n]s are v prone to fall into1 t ( =m+ unfavorable op9ions ( "s ( _! pupils f _! air & mann]1 be=e !y see any ?+ 9 _! conduct :i* ought to be disapprov$4 ,a boy or girl comes to ! desk to ask a "q1 or make a reque/1 & ! tea*] sees 9 ! ca/ ( c\nt5ance1 or 9 ! be>+ or tone ( ! individual1 some?+ indicat+ a pr\d1 or a sull51 or an ill-humor$ disposition1 & conceives a prejudice1 (t5 entirely )\t f\ndation1 :i* weeks p]haps d n we> away4 ,e exp]i5c$ tea*] c recollect num]\s cases ( ?is sort1 & he le>ns1 aft] a "t1 to susp5d 8 judgm5t4 ,be cauti\s !re=e on ?is po9t1 & 9 ! survey ( y\r pupils :i* y make dur+ ! fir/ few days ( y\r s*ool1 tru/ to no?+ b ! mo/ sure & unequivocal evid5ces ( "*2 = _m ( y\r mo/ docile & fai?ful pupils w be f\nd among ^? ^: appe>ance at fir/ prepossess$ y /rongly aga9/ !m4 ,"o o!r caution ought also to be giv54 ,d n judge too sev]ely 9 respect to ! ord9>y cases ( misconduct 9 s*ool4 ,! "y tea*] almo/ inv>iably does judge too sev]ely4 ,:ile engag$ himself 9 he>+ a recitation1 or look+ ov] a sum1 he he>s a /ifl$ laugh1 &1 look+ up1 sees ! little (f5d] /ruggl+ ) ! muscles ( 8 c\nt5ance to re/ore _! gravity4 ,! tea*] is vex$ at ! int]ruption1 & sev]ely rebukes or puni%es ! boy1--:51 aft] all1 ! (f5ce1 9 a moral po9t ( view1 0 an exce$+ly light "o2 at lea/ x might v probably h be5 s4 ,9 fact1 a l>ge proportion ( ! (f5ces aga9/ ord] committ$ 9 s*ool are ! m]e mom5t>y action ( ! natural buoyancy & life ( *ildhood4 ,?is is no reason :y !y %\ld be indulg$1 or :y ! ord] & regul>ity ( ! s*ool %\ld be sacrific$1 b x %\ld prev5t _! excit+ feel+s ( ang] or impati5ce1 or v sev]e repreh5sion4 ,:ile ! tea*] %\ld take effectual measures = re/ra9+ all su* irregul>ities1 he %\ld d x ) ! tone & mann] :i* w %[ t he und]/&s _! true moral "*1 & deals ) !m1 n z he9\s s9s :i* des]ve sev]e puni%m5t1 b z s]i\s inconv5i5ces :i* he is compell$ to repress4 ,!re are (t5 cases ( real moral turpitude 9 s*ool1--su* z :]e !re is int5tional1 wilful mis*ief1 or di/urbance1 or habitual disob$i5ce1 & !re may ev5 be1 9 "s cases1 op5 rebellion4 ,n[ ! tea*] %\ld %[ t he di/+ui%es ^! cases f su* mom5t>y acts ( ?\ghtlessness z we h describ$2 & a broad di/9ction ought to be made 9 ! treatm5t ( !m4 ,9 a ^w !n1--:at we h be5 recomm5d+ "u ?is head is1 t ! tea*] %\ld make x 8 special /udy1 = 8 fir/ few days 9 s*ool1 to und]/& ! *>act]s ( 8 pupils1--to le>n :o are ! ?\ghtless ones1 :o ! mis*iev\s1 & :o ! disob$i5t & rebelli\s2--& to d ?is ) c&id1 moral discrim9ation1 & ) z little op5 collision ) individuals z possible4 #h4 ,ano!r po9t to :i* ! tea*] ought to give 8 e>ly att5tion1 is to sep>ate ! bad boys z soon z he c1 f "o ano!r4 ,! idl5ess & irregul>ity ( *ildr5 9 s*ool (t5 dep5ds m on accid5tal circum/ances ?an on "*4 ,two boys may be individually h>mless & well dispos$1 & yet !y may be ( s m]curial a temp]am5t1 t1 toge!r1 ! temptation to cont9ual play w be irresi/ible4 ,ano!r case t m (t5 happ5s1 is1 :]e "o is actively & ev5 int5tionally bad1 & is seat$ next to an innoc5t b p]haps ?\ghtless boy1 & contrives to keep him always 9 difficulty4 ,n[ remove ! =m] away1 :]e !re are no v frail mat]ials = him to act ^u1 & place ! latt] :]e he is expos$ to no special temptation1 & all w\ld be well4 ,?is is all v obvi\s1 & kn[n famili>ly to all tea*]s :o h _h any exp]i5ce4 ,b beg9n]s are n g5]ally s aw>e ( x at ! outset z to make any direct & sy/ematic ef=ts to exam9e ! s*ool ) ref]5ce to its condition 9 ?is respect4 ,x is usual to g on1 leav+ ! boys to rema9 seat$ z *ance or _! own incl9ations gr\p$ !m1 & to endeav\r to keep ! peace among ! v>i\s neighb\rhoods1 by close sup]vision1 rebukes1 & puni%m5t4 ,n[ ^! difficulties may be v mu* dim9i%$1 by look+ a little into ! arrangem5t ( ! boys at ! outset1 & s modify+ x z to dim9i% ! am\nt ( temptation to :i* ! individuals are expos$4 ,?is %\ld be done1 h[ev]1 cauti\sly1 delib]ately1 & ) good nature2--keep+ ! object ( x a good deal out ( view4 ,x mu/ be done cauti\sly & delib]ately1 = ! fir/ appe>ances are exce$+ly fallaci\s 9 respect to ! *>act]s ( ! diff]5t *ildr54 ,y see p]haps "s indications ( play betwe5 two boys ^u ! same seat1 & ha/ily conclude t !y are disord]ly boys & mu/ be sep>at$4 ,some?+ 9 ! air & mann] ( "o or bo? ( !m confirms ?is impression1 & y take ! necess>y measures at once4 ,y !n f9d1 :5 y become m fully acqua9t$ ) !m1 t ! appe>ances :i* y obs]v$ 7 only mom5t>y & accid5tal1 & t !y w\ld h be5 z safe toge!r z any two boys 9 ! s*ool4 ,& p]haps y w ev5 f9d1 t1 by _! new position1 y h br\ght "o or ! o!r into circum/ances ( peculi> temptation4 ,wait1 !re=e1 be=e y make su* *anges1 till y h asc]ta9$ actual "*1--do+ ?is1 h[ev]1 )\t any unnecess>y delay4 ,9 su* removals1 too1 x is well1 9 _m cases1 to keep ! motive & design ( !m z mu* z possible out ( view4 ,= by express+ suspicion ( a boy1 y injure 8 "* 9 8 own op9ion1 & 9 t ( o!rs1 & t5d to make him reckless4 ,besides1 if y remove a boy f a companion :om he likes1 av[$ly to prev5t 8 play+1 y (f] him an inducem5t1 if he is a bad boy1 to cont9ue to play 9 8 new position = ! purpose ( ?w>t+ y1 or f ! influ5ce ( res5tm5t4 ,x w\ld be wrong inde$ to use any subt]fuge1 or duplicity ( any k9d1 to conceal y\r object1--b y are n b\nd to expla9 x1 & 9 ! _m *anges :i* y w be compell$ to make1 9 ! c\rse ( ! fir/ week1 = v>i\s purposes1 y may include _m ( ^!1 )\t expla9+ p>ticul>ly ! design or int5tion ( any ( !m4 ,9 "s in/ances1 h[ev]1 y may frankly /ate ! :ole case1 )\t dang]1 provid$ x is done 9 su* a mann] z n to make ! boy feel t 8 "* is s]i\sly injur$ 9 y\r e/imation4 ,x mu/ dep5d ^u ! tact & judgm5t ( ! tea*]1 to det]m9e ^u ! p>ticul> c\rse to be pursu$ 9 ! sev]al cases1 ?\gh he ought to keep ^! g5]al pr9ciples 9 view 9 all4 ,9 "o in/ance1 = example1 he w see two boys toge!r1 ,james & ,joseph we w call !m1 exhibit+ a t5d5cy to play1 & aft] inquir+ into _! *>act]s he w f9d t !y are good-natur$1 pleasant boys1 & t he _h bett] be frank ) !m on ! subject4 ,he calls "o ( !m to 8 desk1 & p]haps ! foll[+ dialogue ensues4 ,james1 ,i am mak+ "s *anges 9 ! seats1 & ?\ght ( remov+ y to ano!r place4 ,h y any p>ticul> pref]5ce = t seat8 ,! "q is unexpect$1 & ,james hesitates4 ,he wants to sit next to ,joseph1 b d\bts :e!r x is q prud5t to av[ x1--s he says sl[ly & ) hesitation1 ,no sir1--,i d n "k t ,i h4 ,if y h any reason1 ,i wi% y w\ld tell me frankly1 = ,i want y to h su* a seat z w be pleasant to y4 ,james does n "k :at to say4 ,enc\rag$1 h[ev]1 by ! good-humor$ tone & look :i* ! ma/] assumes1 he says1 timidly1 ,joseph & ,i ?\ght we %\ld l to sit toge!r1--if y are will+4 ,oh1--y & ,joseph are p>ticul> fri5ds !n1 ,i suppose4 ,:y1--yes sir4 ,i am n surpris$ !n1 t y want to sit toge!r1--?\gh1 to tell ! tru?1 t is r a reason :y ,i %\ld sep>ate y4 ,:y sir8 ,because ,i h obs]v$ t :5 two great fri5ds are seat$ toge!r1 !y are always m apt to :isp] & play4--,h n y obs]v$ x8 ,:y1--yes sir4 ,y may g & ask ,joseph to come "h4 ,:5 ! two boys make _! appe>ance aga91 ! tea*] cont9ues4 ,joseph1 ,james tells me t y & he want to sit toge!r1 & says y are p>ticul> fri5ds4 ,b ,i tell him1 he adds1 smil+1 t t is r a reason = sep>at+ y4 ,n[ if ,i %\ld put y bo? into diff]5t p>ts ( ! s*ool1 next to boys t y are n acqua9t$ )1 x w\ld be a great deal easi] = y to be /ill & /udi\s ?an x is n[4 ,d n y ?9k s y\rselves8 ,! boys look at "o ano!r & smile4 ,h[ev]1 !re is "o way y c d4 ,y c gu>d aga9/ ! extra temptation by extra c>e2 & on ! :ole1 z ,i believe y are pretty good boys1 ,i w let y h y\r *oice4 ,y may /ay z y are1 & make extra ex]tion to be p]fectly regul> & /udi\s1 or ,i w f9d seats = y :]e x w be a great deal easi] = y to be s4 ,:i* d y ?9k y %\ld r d8 ,! boys hesitate1 look at "o ano!r1 & pres5tly say t !y _h r sit toge!r4 ,well1 said ! tea*]1 x is immat]ial to me :e!r y sit toge!r or ap>t1 if y are only good boys4 ,s y may take y\r seats & try x a little :ile4 ,if y f9d x too h>d "w to be /udi\s & ord]ly toge!r1 ,i c make a *ange h]eaft]4 ,i %all soon see4 ,su* a conv]sation w h _m good effects4 ,x w make ! boys expect to be wat*$1 )\t caus+ !m to feel t _! *>act]s h suff]$4 ,x w /imulate !m to great ex]tion to avoid all misconduct1 & x w prep>e ! way = sep>at+ !m aft]w>ds )\t awak5+ feel+s ( res5tm5t1 if ! exp]im5t ( _! sitt+ toge!r %\ld fail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r case w\ld be manag$ p]haps 9 a little diff]5t way1 :]e ! t5d5cy to play 0 m decid$4 ,aft] speak+ to ! individuals mildly1 two or ?ree times1 y see !m aga9 at play4 ,y ask !m to wait t day aft] s*ool & come to y\r desk4 ,!y h1 !n1 ! re/ ( ! day to ?9k occasionally ( ! difficulty !y h br\ght !mselves into1 & ! anxiety & susp5se :i* !y w naturally feel1 w give y e advantage = speak+ to !m ) effect2--& if y %\ld be engag$ a few m9utes ) "s o!r bus9ess1 aft] s*ool1 s t !y %\ld h to /& a little :ile 9 sil5t expectation1 wait+ = _! turn1 x w\ld contribute to ! p]man5ce ( ! effect4 ,well1 boys1 at l5g? y say1 ) a s]i\s b frank tone ( voice1 ,i saw y play+ 9 a disord]ly mann] to-day4 ,& 9 ! fir/ place ,i want y to tell me hone/ly all ab\t x4 ,i am n go+ to puni% y1--b ,i want y to be op5 & hone/ ab\t x4 ,:at 7 y do+8 ,! boys hesitate4 ,george1 :at did y h 9 y\r h&8 ,a piece ( pap]4 ,& :at 7 y do+ ) x8 ,george4 ,william 0 try+ to take x away f me4 ,0 !re any ?+ on x8 ,yes sir4 ,:at8 ,george looks d[n a little confus$4 ,william4 ,george _h be5 draw+ "s pictures on x4 ,i see ea* ( y are ready to tell ( ! o!r's fault1 b x w\ld be mu* m honorable if ea* 0 op5 9 ackn[l$g+ 8 own4 ,h ,i ev] _h to speak to y be=e = play+ toge!r 9 s*ool8 ,yes sir1 ,i believe y h1 says "o1 look+ d[n4 ,m ?an once8 ,yes sir4 ,m ?an twice8 ,i d n recollect exactly1--,i believe y h4 ,well1 n[1 :at d y ?9k ,i ought to d next8 ,! boys h no?+ to say4 ,d y pref] sitt+ toge!r1 or are y will+ to h me sep>ate y8 ,we %\ld r sit toge!r1 sir1 if y are will+1 says ,george4 ,i h no objection to y\r sitt+ toge!r1 if y c\ld only resi/ ! temptation to play4 ,i want all ! boys 9 ! s*ool to h pleasant seats4 ,!re is a pause1--! tea*] hesitat+ :at to d4 ,suppose n[ ,i 7 to make "o m exp]im5t1 & let y try to be good boys 9 y\r pres5t seat1 w\ld y really try8 ,yes sir4--,yes sir1 we w1 are ! replies4 ,& if ,i %\ld f9d t y /ill cont9ue to play1 & %\ld h to sep>ate y1 w y move into y\r new seats pleasantly1 & ) good humor1 feel+ t ,i h done "r ab\t x8 ,yes sir1 we w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us x w be se5 t !re may be cases :]e ! tea*] may make arrangem5ts = sep>at+ 8 s*ol>s1 on an op5 & di/9ct und]/&+ ) !m 9 respect to ! cause ( x4 ,we h giv5 ^! cases n t exactly su* ones w be v likely to occur1 or t :5 !y d1 ! tea*] is to manage !m 9 exactly ! way "h describ$1 b to exhibit m cle>ly to ! read] ?an c\ld be done by any g5]al description1 ! _s & tone :i* a tea*] ought to assume t[>ds 8 pupils4 ,we wi%$ to exhibit ?is 9 contra/ ) ! h>% & impati5t mann]1 :i* tea*]s too (t5 assume 9 su* a case2--z foll[s4 ,john ,williams & ,samuel ,smi?1 come "h to me1 exclaims ! ma/]1 9 a h>%1 impati5t tone1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ex]cises ( ! aft]noon4 ,! s*ol>s all look up f _! "w2--! culprits sl[ly rise f _! seats1 & ) a sull5 air come d[n to ! floor4 ,y are play+1 boys1 all ! "t1 & ,i w n h x4 ,john1 d y take y\r books & g & sit out !re by ! w9d[1 &1 ,samuel1 y come & sit "h on ?is front seat1--& if ,i cat* y play+ aga9 ,i %all c]ta9ly puni% y sev]ely4 ,! boys make ! move1 ) z mu* rattl+ & di/urbance z is possible )\t furni%+ pro( ( wilful int5tion to make a noise1 & :5 !y get _! new seats1 & ! tea*] is aga9 engag$ ^u 8 "w1 !y ex*ange w9ks & nods1 &1 9 t5 m9utes1 are slyly cannonad+ ea* o!r ) pap] balls4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 reg>d to all ! directions t h be5 giv5 "u ?is head1 ,i ought to say aga9 be=e conclud+ x1 t !y are ma9ly applicable to ! case ( beg9n]s1 & ( small s*ools4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples are1 x is true1 ( univ]sal application1 b x is only :]e a s*ool is ( mod]ate size t ! details ( position1 9 respect to individual s*ol>s1 c be m9utely /udi$4 ,m summ>y processes are necess>y1 ,i am aw>e1 :5 ! s*ool is v l>ge1 & ! "t ( ! tea*] is incessantly engag$4 #i4 ,9 "s di/ricts 9 ,new ,engl&1 ! "y tea*] w f9d "o or m boys1 g5]ally among ! l>g] ones1 :o w come to ! s*ool ) ! express det]m9ation to make a difficulty if !y c4 ,! be/ way is g5]ally to face ^! individuals at once1 9 ! mo/ direct & op5 mann]1 &1 at ! same "t1 ) p]fect good humor1 & k9dness ( feel+ & deportm5t t[>ds !m p]sonally4 ,an example or two w be/ illu/rate :at ,i mean4 ,a tea*] he>d a rapp+ noise repeat$ly1 "o day1 j aft] he _h comm5c$ 8 labors1 "u su* circum/ances z to lead him to suppose x 0 design$4 ,he did n appe> to notice x1 b rema9$ aft] s*ool until ! s*ol>s _h all gone1 & !n made a ?or\gh exam9ation4 ,he f\nd at l5g? a brok5 place 9 ! pla/]+1 :]e a la? 0 loose1 & a /r+ 0 ti$ to ! end ( x1 & !nce c>ri$ along ! wall "u ! b5*es1 to ! seat ( a mis*iev\s boy1 & fa/5$ to a nail4 ,by pull+ ! /r+ he c\ld spr+ ! la?1 & !n let x snap back to its place4 ,he left e ?+ z x 01 & ! next day :ile engag$ 9 a lesson1 he he>d ! noise aga94 ,he rose f 8 seat4 ,! s*ol>s all look$ up f _! books4 ,did y he> t noise8 said he4 ,yes sir4 ,d y "k :at x is8 ,no sir4 ,v well1 ,i only want$ to call y\r att5tion to x4 ,i may p]haps speak ( x aga91 by & by4 ,he !n resum$ 8 ex]cise z if no?+ _h happ5$4 ,! guilty boy 0 agitat$ & confus$1 & 0 utt]ly at a loss to "k :at to d4 ,:at c\ld ! tea*] mean8 ,_h he discov]$ ! trick8--& if s :at 0 he go+ to d8 ,he grew m & m uneasy1 & resolv$ t1 at all ev5ts1 x 0 be/ = him to retreat4 ,accord+ly1 at ! next recess1 z ! tea*] _h anticipat$1 he w5t slyly to ! la?1 cut ! /r+1 !n return$ to 8 seat1 & drew ! l9e 91 roll$ x up1 & put x 9 8 pocket4 ,! tea*]1 :o 0 secretly wat*+ him1 obs]v$ ! :ole manoeuvre4 ,at ! close ( ! s*ool1 :5 ! books 7 laid aside1 & all 0 sil5ce1 he treat$ ! affair ?us4 ,d y rememb] ! noise to :i* ,i call$ y\r att5tion e>ly ?is aft]noon8 ,yes1 sir4 ,i w expla9 x to y n[4 ,"o ( ! boys ti$ a /r+ to a loose la? 9 ! side ( ! room1 & !n hav+ ! end ( x at 8 seat1 he 0 pull+ x1 to make a noise to di/urb u4 ,! s*ol>s all look$ a/oni%$1 & !n began to turn r\nd t[>ds "o ano!r to see :o ! (f5d] c\ld be4 ,! culprit began to tremble4 ,he did x sev]al times ye/]day1 & w\ld h gone on do+ x1 _h ,i n spok5 ab\t x to-day4 ,d y ?9k ?is 0 wrong or n8 ,yes sir2 wrong2 wrong2 are ! replies4 ,:at h>m does x d8 ,x int]rupts ! s*ool4 ,yes4 ,is !re any o!r h>m8 ,! boys hesitate4 ,x gives me tr\ble & pa94 ,%\ld y n suppose x w\ld8 ,yes sir4 ,h ,i ev] treat$ any boy or girl 9 ?is s*ool unju/ly or unk9dly8 ,no sir2 ,no sir4 ,!n :y %\ld any boy or girl wi% to give me tr\ble or pa98 ,!re 0 a pause4 ,! guilty individual expect$ t ! next ?+ w\ld be to call him out = puni%m5t4 ,n[ :at d y ?9k ,i ought to d ) su* a boy8 ,no answ]4 ,p]haps ,i ought to puni% him1 b ,i am v unwill+ to d t4 ,i conclud$ to try ano!r plan1 to treat him ) k9dness & =be>ance4 ,s ,i call$ y\r att5tion to x ?is aft]noon1 to let him "k t ,i 0 obs]v+ x1 & to give him an opportunity to remove ! /r+4 ,& he did4 ,he w5t 9 ! recess & cut (f ! /r+4 ,i %all n tell y 8 "n1 = ,i d n wi% to injure 8 "*4 ,all ,i want is to h him a good boy4 ,a pause4 ,i ?9k ,i %all try ?is plan2 = he mu/ h "s feel+s ( honor & gratitude1 & if he has1 he c]ta9ly w n try to give me pa9 or tr\ble w9 aft] ?is4 ,& n[ ,i %all say no m ab\t x1 nor ?9k any m ab\t x2 only1 to prove t x is all z ,i say1 if y look !re "u t w9d[1 aft] s*ool1 y w see ! la? ) ! end ( ! /r+ r\nd x1 & by pull+ x1 y c make x snap4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r case1 a little m s]i\s 9 its "*1 is ! foll[+4 ,a tea*] hav+ _h "s tr\ble ) a rude & savage-look+ boy1 made "s inquiry respect+ him out ( s*ool1 & incid5tally le>n$ t he _h once or twice be=e op5ly rebell$ aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! s*ool1 & t he 0 n[1 9 ! recesses1 actually prep>+ a club ) :i* he 0 ?reat5+ to def5d himself1 if ! tea*] %\ld attempt to puni% him4 ,! next day1 soon aft] ! boys _h gone out1 he took 8 hat & foll[$ !m1 & turn+ r\nd a corn] ( ! s*oolh\se1 f\nd ! boys /&+ ar\nd ! "y rebel1 :o 0 sitt+ ^u a log1 %av+ ! h&le ( ! club smoo?1 ) 8 pocket-knife4 ,he 0 />tl$ at ! unexpect$ appe>ance ( ! tea*]1 & ! fir/ impulse 0 to hide 8 club beh9d him1 b x 0 too late1 & suppos+ t ! tea*] 0 ignorant ( 8 designs1 he w5t on sull5ly ) 8 "w1 feel+1 h[ev]1 greatly emb>rass$4 ,pleasant day1 boys1 said ! tea*]4 ,?is is a f9e sunny nook = y to talk 94 ,seems to me1 h[ev]1 y ought to h a bett] seat ?an ?is old log1 cont9u$ he1 tak+ 8 seat at ! same "t by ! side ( ! boy4 ,n s bad a seat1 h[ev]1 aft] all4 ,:at are y mak+1 ,joseph8 ,joseph mumbl$ out some?+ in>ticulate by way ( reply4 ,i h got a %>p] knife1 said he1 draw+ 8 p5knife out ( 8 pocket4 ,& !n1 ,let me try x1 he cont9u$1 g5tly tak+ ! club out ( ,joseph's h&4 ,! boys look$ surpris$1 "s ex*ang$ nods & w9ks1 o!rs turn$ away to conceal a laugh2 b ! tea*] engag$ 9 conv]sation ) !m1 & soon put !m all at _! ease1 except poor ,joseph1 :o c\ld n tell h[ ?is /range int]view 0 likely to end4 ,9 ! mean "t ! tea*] w5t on %av+ ! h&le smoo?1 & r\nd+ ! ends4 ,y want1 said he1 a rasp or co>se file = ! ends1 & !n y c\ld f9i% x f9ely4 ,b :at are y mak+ ?is =midable club =8 ,joseph 0 completely at a loss :at to say4 ,he began to %[ evid5t m>ks ( emb>rassm5t & confusion4 ,i "k :at x is =2 x is to def5d y\rself aga9/ me )1 is x n1 boys8 said he1 appeal+ to ! o!rs4 ,a fa9t yes sir1 or two1 0 ! reply4 ,well n[1 ,joseph1 x w be a great deal bett] = u bo? to be fri5ds ?an to be enemies4 ,y _h bett] ?r[ ?is club away1 & save y\rself f puni%m5t by be+ a good boy4 ,come n[1 said he1 h&+ him back 8 club1 ?r[ x ov] into ! field z f> z y c1 & we w all =get t y ev] made x4 ,joseph sat ! picture ( %ame & confusion4 ,bett] feel+s 7 /ruggl+ = admission1 & ! case 0 decid$ by a broad-fac$1 good-natur$-look+ boy1 :o /ood by 8 side say+ almo/ involunt>ily1 ,bett] ?r[ x1 ,joe4 ,! club flew1 end ov] end1 into ! field4 ,joseph return$ to 8 allegiance1 & nev] attempt$ to rise 9 rebellion aga94 ,! ways by :i* boys engage 9 op51 int5tional disob$i5ce1 are1 ( c\rse1 greatly v>i$1 & ! exact treatm5t w dep5d ^u ! features ( ! individual case4 ,b ! frankness1 ! op5ness1 ! pla9 deal+1 & ! k9d & fri5dly tone1 :i* x is ! object ( ! =ego+ illu/rations to exhibit1 %\ld *>act]ize all4 #aa4 ,we h already allud$ to ! importance ( a delicate reg>d = ! *>act]s ( ! boys1 9 all ! measures ( discipl9e adopt$ at ! comm5cem5t ( a s*ool4 ,?is is 9 fact ( ! highe/ importance at all times1 & is peculi>ly s at ! outset4 ,a w\nd to ! feel+s is sometimes inflict$ by a s+le transaction1 :i* produces a la/+ injury to ! "*4 ,*ildr5 are v s5sitive to ridicule or disgrace1 & "s are mo/ acutely s4 ,a cutt+ repro( adm9i/]$ 9 public1 or a puni%m5t :i* exposes ! individual to ! gaze ( o!rs1 w (t5 burn f> m deeply into ! he>t ?an ! tea*] imag9es4 ,& x is (t5 ! cause ( great & la/+ injury too4 ,by de/roy+ ! "* ( a pupil1 y make him feel t he has no?+ m to lose or ga91 & de/roy t k9d ( int]e/ 9 8 own moral condition1 :i* alone w allure him to virtu\s conduct4 ,to expose *ildr5 to public ridicule or contempt1 t5ds ei!r to make !m sull5 & despond5t1 or else to ar\se _! res5tm5t & to make !m reckless & desp]ate4 ,mo/ p]sons rememb] ?r\gh life1 "s in/ances 9 _! e>ly *ildhood1 9 :i* !y 7 disgrac$ or ridicul$ at s*ool2 & ! p]man5ce ( ! recollection is a te/ ( ! viol5ce ( ! effect4 ,be v c>eful !n to avoid1 especially at ! comm5cem5t ( ! s*ool1 publicly expos+ ^? :o d wrong4 ,sometimes y may make ! (f5ce public1 z 9 ! case ( ! snapp+ ( ! la? describ$ "u a =m] head1 :ile y k9dly conceal ! "n ( ! (f5d]4 ,ev5 if ! s*ool g5]ally und]/& :o he is1 ! injury ( public exposure is almo/ altoge!r avoid$1 = ! s5se ( disgrace does n come ne>ly s vividly home to ! m9d ( a *ild1 f he>+ occasional allusions to 8 (f5ce by individuals among 8 play-mates1 z :5 he feels himself at a p>ticul> "t ! object ( univ]sal att5tion & di%onor4 ,& !n besides1 if ! pupil p]ceives t ! tea*] is t5d] ( 8 reputation1 he w1 by a feel+ some:]e betwe5 imitation & sympa?y1 beg9 to feel a little t5d] ( x too4 ,e ex]tion %\ld be made !re=e1 to lead *ildr5 to value _! "*1 & to help !m to pres]ve x2 & especially to avoid1 at ! beg9n+1 e unnecess>y sacrifice ( x4 ,& yet !re are cases :]e %ame is ! v be/ possible rem$y = juv5ile faults4 ,if a boy1 = example1 is self-conceit$1 bold1 & mis*iev\s1 ) feel+s some:at call\s1 & an influ5ce ext5sive & bad1 an opportunity w sometimes occur to hold up 8 conduct to ! j reprobation ( ! s*ool1 ) great advantage4 ,by ?is means1 if x is done 9 su* a way z to secure ! influ5ce ( ! s*ool on ! "r side1 _m good effects are sometimes atta9$4 ,8 pride & self-conceit are humbl$1--8 bad influ5ce receives a v decid$ *eck1 & he is =c$ to draw back at once f ! prom95t /& he has occupi$4 ,ri*>d ,jones2 = example1 is a rude1 co>se1 self-conceit$ boy1--(t5 do+ wrong bo? 9 s*ool & out1 & yet possess$ ( t peculi> influ5ce :i* a bad boy (t5 contrives to ex]t 9 s*ool4 ,! tea*]1 aft] wat*+ "s "t = an opportunity to humble him1 "o day ov]he>s a difficulty among ! boys1 & look+ out ( ! w9d[1 obs]ves t he is tak+ away a sl$ f "o ( ! little boys1 to slide d[n hill ^u1 hav+ none ( 8 own4 ,! little boy resi/s z well z he c1 & compla9s bitt]ly2 b x is ( no avail4 ,at ! close ( ! s*ool t day1 ! tea*] comm5ces conv]sation on ! subject z foll[s4 ,boys1 d y "k :at ! diff]5ce is betwe5 /eal+ & robb]y8 ,yes sir4 ,:at8 ,! boys hesitate1 & look at "o ano!r4 ,suppose a ?ief 7 to g into a man's /ore 9 ! day "t1 & take away some?+ secretly1 w\ld x be /eal+ or robb]y8 ,/eal+4 ,suppose he %\ld meet him 9 ! road & take x away by =ce8 ,!n x w\ld be robb]y4 ,yes2 :5 t :i* belongs to ano!r is tak5 secretly1 x is call$ /eal+2 :5 x is tak5 op5ly or ) viol5ce1 x is call$ robb]y4 ,:i* n[ d y ?9k is ! wor/8 ,robb]y4 ,yes1 = x is m b>efac$ & det]m9$--!n x gives a great deal m pa9 to ! "o :o is injur$4 ,to-day ,i saw "o ( ! boys 9 ?is s*ool tak+ away ano!r boy's sl$1 op5ly & ) viol5ce4 ,! boys all look r\nd t[>ds ,ri*>d4 ,0 t ( ! nature ( /eal+ or robb]y8 ,robb]y1 say ! boys4 ,0 x real robb]y8 ,!y hesitate4 ,if any ( y ?9k ( any reason :y x 0 n real robb]y1 y may "n x4 ,he gave ! sl$ back to him1 says "o ( ! boys4 ,yes4 ,& !re=e to describe ! action correctly1 we %\ld n say ,ri*>d robb$ a boy ( 8 sl$1 b t he robb$ him ( 8 sl$ = a "t1 or he robb$ him ( ! use ( 8 sl$4 ,/ill1 9 respect to ! nature & ! guilt ( x1 x 0 robb]y4 ,!re is ano!r ?+ :i* ought to be obs]v$ ab\t x4 ,^: sl$ 0 x t ,ri*>d took away8 ,james ,?ompson's4 ,james1 y may /& up4 ,notice 8 size1 boys1--,i %\ld l to h ,ri*>d ,jones /& up too1 s t y might comp>e !m2 b ,i presume he feels v mu* a%am$ ( :at he has done1 & x w\ld be v unpleasant = him to /& up4 ,y all rememb]1 h[ev]1 h[ l>ge he is4 ,n[ :5 ,i 0 a boy1 x us$ to be consid]$ di%onorable & c[>dly = a l>ge1 /rong boy to abuse a little "o :o _c def5d himself4 ,is x consid]$ s n[8 ,yes sir4 ,x ought to be1 c]ta9ly2 ?\gh1 7 x n = su* a case z ?is1 we %\ld n h ?\ght ( consid]+ ,ri*>d ,jones a c[>d4 ,x seems he did n d>e to try to take away a sl$ f a boy :o 0 z big z himself1 b attack$ little ,james1 = he knew he 0 n /rong en\gh to def5d himself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[1 9 "s su* cases z ?is1 great good may be done bo? 9 respect to ! individual1 & to ! /ate ( public s5tim5t 9 s*ool1 by op5ly expos+ a boy's misconduct4 ,! tea*] mu/ always take c>e1 h[ev]1 t ! /ate ( m9d & "* 9 ! guilty individual1 is su* t public exposure is adapt$ to "w well z a rem$y1 & also t 9 manag+ x he c>ries ! sympa?ies ( ! o!r boys ) him4 ,to secure ?is1 he mu/ avoid all h>% & exagg]at$ expressions1 or direct reproa*es1 & :ile he is mild & g5tle & =be>+ himself1 lead ! boys to und]/& & feel ! nature ( ! s9 :i* he exposes4 ,! opportunities = do+ ?is to advantage w1 h[ev]1 be r>e4 ,g5]ally x w be be/ to manage cases ( discipl9e m privately1 s z to protect ! *>act]s ( ^? t (f5d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! tea*] %\ld ?us1 9 accordance ) ! directions we h giv51 comm5ce 8 labors ) c>eful circumspection1 pati5ce1 frankness1 & hone/ good w t[>ds e individual ( 8 *>ge4 ,he w f9d less difficulty at ! outset ?an he w\ld h expect$1 & soon h ! satisfaction ( p]ceiv+ t a mild b mo/ effici5t gov]nm5t is quietly & firmly e/abli%$ 9 ! little k+dom ov] :i* he is call$ to reign4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,summ>iz$ "h are ! corrections appli$ to ! text4 ,we c !n see h[ mu* improvem5t has be5 improvem5t 0 pr9t$ z impovem5t at 8 own discretion1 waive x4 waive 0 pr9t$ z wave evil consequ5ces w result consequ5ces 0 pr9t$ z conqu5ces betwe5 ! boys ( a t[n s*ool & an academy academy 0 pr9t$ z acadamy sits at ! curta9$ desk sits 0 pr9t$ z si/s ,propos$1 t a music committee be appo9t$ t 0 pr9t$ z ,t misspell$ ^w misspell$ 0 pr9t$ z mispell$ 9 p]iodicals devot$ to education devot$ 0 pr9t$ z dovot$ are cases ( discipl9e discipl9e 0 pr9t$ z dicipl9e