,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,a ,weekly ,journal for ,,the ,,farm1 ,,orchard1 ,,and ,,fireside4 ,,established ,,in #ahda4 ,,entire ,,series3 ,,vol4 #ef--,,no4 #c4 ,,chicago1 ,,saturday1 ,,january #ai1 #ahhd4 ,,price1 #b4jj ,,per ,,year1 ,,in ,,advance4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,table of ,contents was originally located on page #dj of the periodical4 ,it has been moved here for ease of use4 ,,the ,,contents ,,of ,,this ,,number4 ,,agriculture--,the ,corn ,root ,worm1 ,page #cc2 ,biographical ,sketch of ,patrick ,barry1 #cc2 ,compiled ,correspondence1 #cc2 ,illinois ,tile-,makers ,convention ,report1 #cd2 ,farmers ,advice1 #ce2 ,cisterns on the farm1 #ce2 ,field and ,furrow ,items1 #ce4 ,,live ,,stock--,iowa ,wool-,men1 ,page #cf2 ,polled ,cattle-,breeders1 #cf2 ,merino ,sheep-,breeders1 #cf2 ,cattle ,diseases1 #cf2 ,the ,horse and ,his ,treatment #cf-cg2 ,cost of ,pork on #ahhc ,corn1 #cg4 ,,veterinary--,grease1 ,so-,called1 ,page #cg2 ,foul in the ,foot1 #cg2 ,founder1 #cg2 ,question ,answered1 #cg4 ,,the ,,dairy--,curing ,cheese1 ,page #cg2 ,items1 #cg4 ,,horticulture--,southern ,ills4 ,hort4 ,society1 ,page #ch2 ,notes on ,current ,topics1 #ch2 ,pear ,blight1 #ch2 ,treatment of ,tree ,wound1 #ch2 ,the ,tomato ,pack of #ahhc1 #ch2 ,sweating ,apples1 #ci2 ,prunings ,items1 #ci4 ,,floriculture--,smilax and its ,uses1 ,page #ci4 ,,editorial--,will ,you8 ,page #dj2 ,items1 #dj2 ,the ,wealth of the ,nation1 #dj2 ,contagious ,animal ,disease1 #dj1 #da2 ,iowa ,state ,fair1 #da2 ,still ,another ,fat ,stock ,show1 #da2 ,questions ,answered1 #da2 ,letter from ,champaign1 #da2 ,wayside ,notes1 #da4 ,,poultry ,,notes--,chicken ,chat1 ,page #db2 ,business ,still ,running1 #db4 ,,the ,,apiary--,the ,best ,hive1 ,page #db4 ,,scientific--,some ,gossip ,about ,darwin1 ,page #dc4 ,,household--,going up ,head 7poetry71 ,page #dd2 ,too ,fat to ,marry1 #dd2 ,ornaments for ,homes1 #dd4 ,,young ,,folks--,chat ,about a ,bear1 ,page #de2 ,a ,fairy ,story1 by ,little ,johnnie1 #de4 ,,literature--,for ,those ,who ,fail 7poetry71 ,page #df2 ,a ,singular ,philosopher1 #df4 ,,humorous--,the ,donkey's ,dream1 ,page #dg2 ,tom ,typo #dg2 ,courtship of a ,vassar ,girl1 #dg2 ,items1 #dg4 ,,news ,,of ,,the ,,week--,page #dh4 ,,markets--,page #dh4 ,,the ,,corn-,,root ,,worm4 ,,editor ,,prairie ,,farmer--,i write you in regard to the corn question4 ,i would like to know if angle-worms damage corn4 ,eight years ago ,i came to the conclusion that ,i could raise double the number of bushels of corn that ,i was then raising4 ,i then commenced experimenting on a small scale4 ,i succeeded very well for the first three or four years4 ,i got so that ,i could raise over ninety bushels per acre4 ,in one year ,i got a few pounds over #ajj bushels per acre4 ,three years ago my crop began to fail1 and has continued to fail up to the present year1 with the same treatment4 ,last year it was so bad that ,i concluded to examine the roots of the corn plants4 ,i found both angle-worms and grubs in the roots4 ,this year ,i went into a thorough examination and found nothing there but angle-worms1 with a wonderful increase4 ,they were right at the end of the stalk where the roots were thick1 but the worms thicker4 ,the corn at first seems to do very well1 but long before the grain gets ripe the leaves begin to get dry and the stalks commence falling4 ,the consequence is that over one-half the corn is loose on the cob and the ears very short4 ,i am entirely headed in the corn line4 ,is it the angle-worms8 ,if so1 what is the remedy8 ,i plant my corn every year on the same ground4 ,i allow no weeds to grow in my cornfield4 ,farmers can not afford to raise weeds4 ,i remove all weeds and put corn in their places4 ,i have plowed my land for the next year's crop of corn and put on twenty loads of manure to the acre and plowed it under4 ,i have no faith in planting the ground next year unless ,i can destroy the worms that ,i call angle-worms4 ,i have consulted several of my brother farmers1 and they say that the angle-worms never destroy a crop of corn4 ,i thought last year that my seed corn was poor and run out1 so ,i went to ,chicago and got ,sibley's ,pride of the ,north1 but that was no better4 ,if you will kindly inform me how to remedy this looseness of the kernel ,i will agree to show you how #ajj bushels of corn can be raised on one acre every good corn year4 ,,horace ,,hopkins4 ,,desplaines1 ,,ill41 ,jan4 #b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we sent this communication to ,professor ,forbes1 ,state ,entomologist and received the following reply3 ,,editor ,,prairie ,,farmer--,there can be hardly a shadow of a doubt that the injury which your correspondent so graphically describes is due to the corn root-worm 7,diabrotica longicornis71 a full account of which will be found in my report for #ahhb1 published last ,november4 ,the clue to his whole difficulty lies in the sentence1 ,i plant my corn every year on the same ground4 ,as the beetles from which the root-worms descend lay their eggs in corn fields in autumn1 and as these eggs do not hatch until after corn planting in the following spring1 a simple change of crops for a single year1 inevitably starves the entire generation to death in the ground4 ,i inclose a slip1 giving a brief account of this most grievous pest2 but the article in my last report already referred to will be found more satisfactory4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,forbes4 ,,normal1 ,,ill41 ,january #c4 ,p4,s4--,you will probably remember that ,i published a paper on this insect in ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer for ,december #cj1 #ahhb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following is the description referred to3 ,from the ,crop ,report for #ahhb4 ,the corn-root worm1 in the form in which it affects the roots of corn1 is a slender white grub1 not thicker than a pin1 from one fourth to three-eighths of an inch in length1 with a small brown head1 and six very short legs4 ,it commences its attack in ,may or ,june1 usually at some distance from the stalk1 towards which it eats its way beneath the epidermis1 killing the root as fast as it proceeds4 ,late in ,july or early in ,august it transforms in the ground near the base of the hill1 changing into a white pupa1 about fifteen-hundredths of an inch long and two-thirds that width1 looking somewhat like an adult beetle1 but with the wings and wing-covers rudimentary1 and with the legs closely drawn up against the body4 ,a few days later it emerges as a perfect insect1 about one-fifth of an inch in length1 varying in color from pale greenish-brown to bright grass-green1 and usually without spots or markings of any kind4 ,the beetle climbs up the stalk1 living on fallen pollen and upon the silk at the tip of the ear until the latter dies1 when a few of the beetles creep down between the husks1 and feed upon the corn itself1 while others resort for food to the pollen of such weeds in the field as are at that time in blossom4 ,in ,september and ,october the eggs are laid in the ground upon or about the roots of the corn1 and most of the beetles soon after disappear from the field4 ,they may ordinarily be found upon the late blooming plants1 feeding as usual upon the pollen of the flowers1 and also to some extent upon molds and other fungi1 and upon decaying vegetation4 ,there can be no further doubt that the insect is single-brooded1 that it hibernates in the egg as a rule1 and that this does not hatch until after the ground has been plowed and planted to corn in the spring probably in ,may or ,june4 ,although the adult beetles1 when numerous1 do some harm by eating the silk before the kernels are fertilized by the pollen1 and also destroy occasionally a few kernels in the tip of the ear1 yet the principal injury is done by the larva in its attack upon the roots4 ,the extent of this injury depends not only upon the number of the worms1 but also upon the soil and weather and the general condition of the crop1 being worst on high land and in dry weather4 ,under specially unfavorable circumstances the loss due to the insect may amount to from one-fourth to one-half or even three-fourths of the crop2 but when the conditions are generally favorable1 it rarely amounts to more than ten or twenty per cent1 and frequently even to less4 ,although the roots penetrated by the larv die and decay1 thrifty corn will throw out new ones to replace those lost4 ,the hold of the stalk upon the ground is often so weakened that a slight wind is sufficient to prostrate the corn4 ,under these circumstances it will often throw out new roots from the joints above the ground1 thus rallying to a certain extent against serious injury4 ,as the result of numerous observations and comparisons1 it is clearly to be seen that little or no mischief is done except in fields that have been in corn during the year or two preceding1 and a frequent change of crops is therefore a complete preventive4 ,beyond this1 the life history of the insect gives us little hope of fighting it effectually except at too great expense1 as the eggs and worms are scattered and hidden in the ground1 and the perfect beetle is widely dispersed throughout the field4 99 99 99 99 99 ,california has about eighty thousand tons of wheat to ship to ,europe4 ,besides this a large amount is already stowed in ships4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patrick ,,barry4 ,illustration3 ,patrick ,barry ,our portrait this week is of ,patrick ,barry1 ,esq41 the noted nurseryman and horticulturist of ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mr4 ,barry was born near ,belfast1 ,ireland1 in #ahaf4 ,his father was a small farmer1 but he gave the boy a good education1 and at eighteen he was appointed to teach in one of the national schools4 ,at the age of twenty he resigned this position1 and came to ,america1 where he began clerking in the ,linnan nurseries1 at ,flushing1 ,l4 ,i4 ,during his stay of four years here he mastered the principles of the nursery business4 ,in #ahdj he moved to ,rochester1 and forming a partnership with ,mr4 ,ellwanger1 started the famous ,mount ,hope ,nurseries4 ,they began on a tract of but seven acres4 ,in #aheb he issued the ,fruit ,garden1 which is to this day a standard work among horticulturists4 ,previous to this he had written largely for the agricultural and horticultural press4 ,in #aheb he also began editing the ,horticulturist1 then owned by ,mr4 ,james ,vick4 ,mr4 ,barry's second great work1 and the one involving most time and labor was the ,catalogue of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,mr4 ,barry has long been ,president of the ,western ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society4 ,he is also a member of the ,board of ,control of the ,new ,york ,experiment ,station4 ,he has served several terms in the city council of ,rochester and in the ,board of ,supervisors of the country4 ,mr4 ,barry is an active business man and besides his great labor in conducting the nursery affairs1 he discharges the duties of ,president of many corporate enterprises in which he has large financial interests4 ,mr4 ,barry was happily married in #ahdg1 and the amiable sharer of his hardships and his successes is still living4 ,,compiled ,,correspondence4 ,,hancock ,,co41 ,dec4 #ca4--,weather very disagreeable2 snow six inches deep1 and from rain and sleet and thaw and freeze1 has formed a hard crust1 so as to make bad traveling--in the roads icy and slippery4 ,to-day cloudy1 damp and cool4 ,a few days ago the mercury reached #h degrees below zero1 the lowest of the season4 ,it is very hard on stock1 and many of the cattle are without shelter1 as usual4 ,accept ,new ,year greetings for all ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer family4 ,l4 ,t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mills ,,co41 ,,mo41 ,jan4 #h4--,since the first of ,january we have had hard winter weather4 ,an old weather prophet says we are to have just such weather for forty days4 ,i sincerely hope not4 ,on ,friday night1 ,january #dth and #eth1 all the thermometers commonly used by farmers went clear down out of sight4 ,as they only mark about #cj degrees below zero it was uncertain how cold it really was4 ,unsheltered stock suffered terribly4 ,a few farmers were caught without wood1 and suffered from the storm in securing a supply4 ,we have had five days of snow so that there is a heavy coat all over4 ,a4 ,j4 ,l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,,mo41 ,january #ac4--;,advices from ,mobile say the late cold snap caused immense damage in that section4 ,the loss to the orange groves is estimated at nearly a #a1jjj1jjj1 and the value of vegetables killed in ,mobile county alone will reach the same sum4 ,great damage was also done to orange groves in ,florida1 but many orange growers profited by the ,signal ,service warning and built fires in their groves1 and thus saved their trees4 ,news from the ,michigan peach belt is that the fruits are uninjured4 99 99 99 99 99 ,strawberries are sold in ,new ,york city at fifteen cents each4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,agricultural ,farmers1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,illinois ,tile-,makers4 ,the ,illinois ,state ,tile-,makers' ,convention at ,springfield1 last week1 was more largely attended than in any previous year since the association was formed4 ,nearly one hundred joined the association4 ,the convention was welcomed to the city by ,governor ,hamilton in an appropriate address in which he expressed his deep sympathy with and interest in all the manufacturing enterprises that are giving employment to the people and adding wealth to the ,state4 ,he announced himself as in favor of protection and encouragement to the manufacturing interests4 ,he thought the tile men were greatly adding to the wealth and productiveness of ,illinois1 and that they were also indirectly improving the health of the people4 ,the ,president's address was brief but full of information and good sense4 ,he pointed out at length the improvements in tile kilns1 and in various appliances1 which have been made in recent years1 and declared that valuable as these all are1 they can not make up for the lack of skill and experience4 ,he believed the increased interest in terra cotta1 and in useful ornamental and out tiling points to the great source of supply as the timber of the country decreases in quantity4 ,the drain-tile manufacture was simply the beginning of an era of skillful clay working1 which would not only add greatly to the fertility of the soil1 but to the means of the beauty and endurance in numerous forms of building4 ,of the statistics of the business1 he said the latest information is that there are in the ,state #fjj factories1 built at an average cost of #c1jjj each1 employing about #e1djj men seven months each year1 who receive about #bej1jjj and their board4 ,the total annual capacity of these factories he estimates at #ef1ajj miles annually4 ,he estimates the amount invested in the industry1 including the value of tile already laid1 at #e1jjj1jjj1 and the increased value of land drained at #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,the ,secretary's report gave the general condition of the society4 ,in #ahgi it was composed of forty-five members2 in #ahhj1 of thirty-five2 in #ahha1 of twenty-eight2 in #ahhb1 fifty-three2 in #ahhc1 of eighty-three1 and in #ahhd1 of eighty-six4 ,the first meetings of the association were necessarily crude1 the programme having been prepared after the association met4 ,now1 however1 they were in working harness1 and met with a regularly prepared programme4 ,the proceedings of the meetings and a summary of the papers read and discussed1 are now published in the report of the ,state ,board of ,agriculture4 ,the treasurer1 ,john ,mc,cabe1 ,esq41 of ,rushville1 made his report of which the following is the summary3 ,amount on hand at last report #bi #ce ,received from members last year #hb #jj ------- #aaa #ce ,paid out last year #hg #ej ------- ,balance in the treasury #bc #he ,these reports were followed by an essay by ,mr4 ,c4 ,g4 ,elliott1 which is of so much merit that we give it in full deferring a further report of proceedings until next week4 ,,mistakes ,,in ,,drainage4 ,to speak of our successes rather than our mistakes1 is far more agreeable to ourselves and also to others4 ,we all take pride in giving our experience in any work when we have been successful1 but our errors and mistakes we often carefully hide from public gaze4 ,the transactions of our industrial conventions are largely made up of the successful parts of the experiences of members4 ,our tile manufacturers fail to speak of their losses in correcting mistakes the number of kilns they have rebuilt1 the number of tile they weekly commit to the waste pile1 the percentage of good and poor tile in each kiln1 and many other things that your humble servant will probably never suspect until he attempts to manufacture tile4 ,a similar statement may be made with reference to drainage mistakes4 ,how many dry weather drains do we hear mentioned in our conventions1 or see described in our newspapers4 ,by such drains1 ,i mean those which in favorable seasons so operate as to permit the land to produce a heavy crop--one worth publishing--while in wet years1 merely a total loss results4 ,cases of such drainage can be numbered by the score4 ,how many miles of drain tile have been taken up and relaid during the past year because of some mistake in plan1 size of tile1 or execution of the work8 ,much might be said of drainage mistakes in a general way1 but it is proposed in this paper to treat the subject in a specific and practical manner4 ,it may be encouraging to remember that it is only by comparing success with mistakes that we make progress in any valuable science or art4 ,great skill and success rest upon a foundation of corrected mistakes4 ,,mistake ,,no4 #a--,,lack ,,of ,,information ,,on ,,drainage4 ,we might more properly call this the cause of many mistakes4 ,knowledge is power1 says the old adage1 and we might add that knowledge in drainage is success4 ,this knowledge may be obtained in three ways3 ,first1 from reliable books2 second1 by inquiring of others who have had experience2 third1 by our own experience4 ,the first is of prime importance to the beginner1 for in books are found statements of the general principles and philosophy of drainage1 together with the best methods and practice known4 ,the second is often unreliable1 for the reason that the error of one is often copied by another and becomes wide spread before it is detected4 ,the third1 though valuable is costly1 and discouraging to the learner4 ,gleanings from all of these sources will1 perhaps1 give the most complete satisfaction4 ,tile drainage began to be practiced in my own neighborhood about seven years ago4 ,those who were about to begin knew nothing about drainage1 except from hearsay knowledge that had crept into the community4 ,not a single book upon the subject was consulted or even inquired for4 ,even now they are as rare in farmers libraries as the classic poets4 ,farmer ,a4 wished to drain and consulted farmer ,b41 who had put in some tile the year before4 ,did he think it paid8 ,yes4 ,what kind of tile did he use and how was the work done8 ,so ,a4 planned and did his work in accordance with information obtained from ,b4 ,neighbor ,c4 followed ,a41 and so the work spread4 ,it is now found that mistakes were made in the beginning which were handed from one to the other1 until now1 no alternative remains but to remove the whole work1 and no little trouble and expense4 ,this case is but one out of many which might be stated illustrating the lack of information at the beginning of drainage work4 ,my observation upon this point has been that those have availed themselves of information given in books and papers upon drainage matters made fewer mistakes and did better work than those who relied upon the general wave of progress to push them along in the footsteps of their nearest neighbor4 ,the theory1 as well as the art1 of drainage should be studied1 and all knowledge adapted to the peculiarities of each case4 ,,mistake ,,no4 #b--,,not ,,planning ,,for ,,future ,,drainage4 ,a mistake often made by the novice is1 that at first1 drains are located without reference to the future drainage of other parts of the farm4 ,drains are put in as experiments1 very much as we would plant a new variety of fruit or grain1 expecting that probably the chances are against their success4 ,subsequently1 when plans for more extended drainage are made1 the drains already in operation were found to poorly serve the desired purpose4 ,in order to guard against this mistake1 have faith in drainage4 ,put it down on the whitest page of your memorandum1 and with your best pen and ink1 that drainage will pay1 and the fewer mistakes made about it the better it will pay4 ,put it down that the time will come when you will drain all of your wet land1 and make your plans accordingly4 ,many times have ,i heard this objection to locating a drain so as to benefit a certain field1 ,o no2 ,i'll never drain that field4 ,it's all right as it is4 ,if ,i can only get this wet over here dry ,i shall be satisfied4 ,in two years this same farmer was planning how he could drain the rejected field1 and regretting that he had not made provision for it from the beginning4 ,i have in mind several miles of tile that will be taken up during the coming season and relaid with reference to the drainage of all land having a natural slope in that direction4 ,,mistake ,,no4 #c--,,not ,,beginning ,,at ,,the ,,right ,,place4 ,many of the drains first put in are at the head of the water shed instead of at the lower part or outlet4 ,they discharge improperly and fail to fit into a more thorough system1 where plans for better drainage are laid out4 ,to avoid this error1 begin at the outlet and work with reference to ultimately draining the whole section naturally sloping toward this outlet4 ,if a surface ditch is necessary1 make it4 ,if tile can be used1 lay them1 even if only a fraction of the entire work is done each year4 ,drain laterally toward the main as it is carried upward4 ,the outlay at first1 rod for rod1 will be greater1 but the final cost will be less1 and yearly profits greater4 ,i have in mind several cases of unsatisfactory drainage growing out of a desire to avoid difficulty and expense in making a sufficient outlet4 ,among them may be named the following3 ,putting a drain across one side of a pond because sufficient depth can not be had to admit of its being run through the center4 ,placing drains each side of a slough1 parallel to its center line1 leaving the center undrained4 ,draining cultivated fields and allowing the water to discharge upon land occupying a lower level4 ,all of these are make-shifts for the purpose of avoiding the expense of a good outlet4 ,there is in this connection a difficulty which can not be overlooked1 one which is beyond the control of the individual farmer1 and that is1 when the drainage section is owned by two or more parties4 ,the adjustment of such cases has occupied the attention of our legislators1 and some progress has been made in framing laws to meet the case1 yet many difficulties remain unprovided for4 ,if all parties agree to accept such awards and assessments as a commission may make1 then the matter of drainage outlets can be satisfactorily adjusted1 but if any party is disposed to resist1 the desired drainage can be practically defeated4 ,i may1 at present1 be justified in saying that where only a few neighbors are concerned1 it is a mistake to attempt to use the law at all4 ,arrange the matter by mutual agreement or by leaving it to disinterested men to decide4 ,,mistake ,,no4 #d--,,too ,,small ,,tile4 ,no mistake has become apparent sooner than this4 ,the following observations will account for this1 and also aid in correcting it4 ,the whole area of land which naturally discharges toward the drain is not always taken into account4 ,it is generally thought that land lying at some distance from the drain1 though sloping toward it1 does not affect the capacity required for the drain1 whereas in times of heavy rains1 when drains are taxed to their utmost1 water flows from those more distant parts over the surface to the ground acted upon by the tile drain4 ,we must then provide for the drainage not only of land contiguous to the drains but for an additional amount of water coming from adjoining slopes4 ,another popular error is that the diameter of the tile is the measure of its capacity1 whereas the grade upon which it is laid is as important as the size of the tile4 ,the extreme porosity of many of our soils1 and the lack of thorough lateral drainage is another thing by reason of which main drains become over-taxed1 simply because drainage water is not held in check by close soils1 or distributed by lateral drains1 but is brought in large quantities over the surface to the drain line1 and must be taken away in a short time or injury is done to the land4 ,in making mains or sub-mains it is better to err in making them too large than too small4 ,,mistake ,,no4 #e--,,not ,,lateral ,,enough4 ,we expect too much from a single line of tile4 ,we often see a line of tile put through a fifteen or twenty acre field with the expectation that the field will be drained1 and thanks to our tractable soil1 and the magic influence of tile1 a great work is done for the field4 ,it is1 however1 the dry weather drains previously alluded to4 ,put in the lateral drains so that the whole flat will come under the direct influence of tile1 and you will have a garden spot instead of a field periodically flooded4 ,your sleep will not then be disturbed by fears that the morning will reveal your tiled field covered with water1 and your corn crop on the verge of ruin4 ,we often see a single line laid through a pond containing from one half to three acres4 ,ponds with such drainage always get flooded4 ,put in an abundance of laterals and the difficulty is overcome4 ,i am glad to say that the tendency now among farmers who have practiced random drainage is toward more thorough work in this direction4 ,the loss of an occasional crop soon demonstrates in favor of more thorough work4 ,,mistake ,,no4 #f--;,,inattention ,,to ,,details4 ,farmers have been too much under the rule of professional ditchers4 ,having no well defined ideas of good drainage work1 they have left the matter largely to the judgment1 or rather the cupidity of the ditcher and the layer4 ,there are many first-class1 conscientious workmen1 but it is to be regretted that the average ditcher does work far below the standard of excellence4 ,if by some magic means the conditions of many of the drains in our ,state could be spread out before us in open view1 it would be a wonder to this convention that tile drainage has wrought out such favorable results as it has4 ,we would see tile laid on the siphon plan1 good and poor joints1 faulty connections1 ditches crooked enough to baffle the sagacious mole should he attempt to follow the line4 ,patience would scarcely hold out to enumerate the exasperating defects of much of our drainage work4 ,nothing can overcome the egotism and self-confidence of the average ditcher except the constant supervision of the employer4 ,such work is so soon covered1 and errors placed beyond immediate detection that nothing else will suffice4 ,to guard against such mistakes1 know what work you want and how you want it done1 and then look after it yourself or employ some one in whom you have confidence to superintend it4 ,when any mistake is guarded against1 from beginning to end1 the work will not be too well done4 ,the cut-and-cover1 hurry-scurry methods of doing things1 common on some ,western farms1 will not do in drainage work4 ,carefulness in regard to every detail is the only safe rule to adopt4 ,,mistake ,,no4 #g--;,,failure ,,to ,,make ,,open ,,ditches ,,for ,,water ,,courses4 ,the farmers of ,illinois have1 in many sections1 been avoiding the main question in the drainage of our rich prairies1 and that is the improvement of the natural water courses so that they will carry off the drainage water of sections for which they afford outlets4 ,every feasible plan and device has been used to circumvent the forces of nature and relieve valuable farm lands from surplus water4 ,in the flat sections of our ,state nothing will serve this purpose but the deepening of our large sloughs by constructing capacious open ditches4 ,our land can not be properly drained without them4 ,they must be of ample depth and width1 and well made in every respect4 ,no problem connected with the drainage interests of our ,state should1 at present1 receive more careful attention than this4 ,nature1 has1 in most cases1 marked out the line for work1 and says1 let man enlarge and complete for his undivided use according to his strength and skill4 ,when such work is done1 the demand for tile to supplement the drainage thus made possible will be unprecedented4 ,the drainage of our roads will be facilitated1 and the greatest difficulty thus far encountered in the drainage of our flat prairies will be overcome4 ,much has been attempted in this direction in some portions of the ,state1 but many open ditches are too shallow1 too small1 and too carelessly made to serve the desired purpose4 ,in pointing out some of the mistakes made in drainage1 ,i am well aware that there are differences of opinion as to what may be properly considered a mistake4 ,the aim of drainage is to fit the wet land of the entire farm for the successful cultivation of all the field crops at the least expense consistent with thoroughness4 ,now1 if experiments must be tried by tiling here and there1 and afterward take the tile up and remold the whole work1 there is a loss which1 were it not for the large profit resulting from the use of tile1 would be disastrous4 ,should a ,board of ,public ,works build several bridges of insufficient capacity in order to find out the necessary dimensions and strength of one which will serve their purpose1 we should at once regard them incompetent and wasteful4 ,i know of tile which have been taken up at three different times1 larger tile being used each time4 ,this farmer discards the use of lateral drains and rests his success upon single lines of large tile4 ,he will probably be disappointed in this and1 perhaps1 finally hit upon the correct method4 ,would it not have been the part of wisdom to have obtained some reliable information upon that matter at first from books1 from inquiring of others of longer experience1 from a competent engineer1 or from all of these sources8 ,anything which needlessly adds to the expense1 or detracts from the efficiency of the work1 should be regarded as a mistake4 ,as a summary of what has been said regarding mistakes and how to avoid them1 ,i append here a few ,,drainage ,,maxims4 #a4 ,become informed upon the theory and best methods known and used4 #b4 ,do not literally copy the methods of others1 but carefully adapt them to your own case4 #c4 ,provide good outlets and large mains4 #d4 ,have faith in good tile and thorough work4 #e4 ,study economy and efficiency in locating drains4 #f4 ,in difficult cases1 or where you have doubt about the success of your plans1 submit the case to a good engineer before expending money or labor4 #g4 ,employ good help by the day1 and work it under a competent superintendent1 rather than job out the work by the rod4 #h4 ,drain as you would plant fruit trees--for the future as well as the present4 ,i have been prosy and practical enough and now have used my allotted time and space4 ,it may not be wholly out of place to further tax your time and patience1 and ask you to lift your eyes from taking a critical view of defective drains1 muddy ditches1 and unattractive detail work1 and look at the result of careful and thorough labor4 ,as the years come and go with their changing seasons1 your drained fields are ever your friends1 always cheering you with a bountiful harvest1 always answering to every industrious touch you may bestow upon them4 ,no excellence without labor1 says the scholar to the discouraged student4 ,no excellence without labor1 says the soil to the farmer1 as he drains and plows and digs1 and so we all learn that success in dealing with nature is brought about by thorough and honest work4 ,our enthusiasm scarcely knows bounds when we see that by our drainage work the apparently obstinate soil is made to reflect the sunlight from a covering of golden grain2 when gardens and orchards bloom and yield fruit where once the willows dipped their drooping branches in the slimy fluid below1 and frogs regaled the passer-by with their festive songs4 ,roses now twine over the rural cottage and send their fragrance into the wholesome air1 where once the beaver reared his rude dwelling1 and disease lurked in every breath1 ready to seize his unsuspecting victim4 ,think you that these changes can be wrought without earnest and careful effort8 ,i have but little sympathy with the glittering generalities and highly colored pictures of success in industrial pursuits1 held before the public gaze by unpractical but well meaning public teachers4 ,we need the dissemination of ideas of thoroughness and the knowledge necessary to put those ideas into practical use in order that the farmers of ,illinois may make the fewest possible mistakes in drainage4 ,,farmers ,,advice4 ,farmers get plenty of advice4 ,were we able to work as easy and as well as the advice generally given to us would seem to indicate we could how easy and independent our occupation would become4 ,in no other line of business is advice so freely given1 and so much blame attached because the advice is not followed4 ,the great trouble is that nearly everybody imagines they know how to farm4 ,although these same people may never have been practical farmers1 they yet seem to think that anybody can farm1 and1 of course1 they know as much about it as any one1 and can tell at least how it ought to be done4 ,theoretical farming is always very fine--more so than any other calling4 ,very few believe in theory in other branches in business4 ,as a rule1 to be successful in other occupations1 a long training is necessary2 step by step must one go until each detail is learned4 ,and it is only by industry1 experience1 and hard work that these are fully mastered4 ,advice is offered sparingly1 because it is known that experience is the only true guide4 ,but in farming theories are supposed to take the place of experience1 and men who have very little1 if any1 practical knowledge can tell us how to farm4 ,the fact is there is hardly a business or occupation that practically requires more study and experience than farming4 ,a practical farmer1 who makes his farm and farm work a study1 learns something every day1 and unless he is willing to learn not only by his own experience1 but by that of others1 he will soon discover that he is falling behind4 ,such a man is able to discriminate between the practical experience of one and the theory of the other4 ,if new plans or new methods are presented1 he can1 in some degree1 judge whether they are in any way practical1 and if they are1 he is willing to give them a trial4 ,he knows that what might prove just the right thing to plant in one section of country1 under certain conditions1 and in some soils would1 under a different climate and soil1 result far from satisfactory4 ,the large per cent of this kind of real practical knowledge can only be gained by experience4 ,whenever we meet a man who will not learn1 we can not help but conclude that he will never make a successful farmer4 ,we want to learn1 too1 not only by our successes1 but by our failures4 ,if we try a new plan and fail1 we want to be able to know why we failed--just as much as to know why we succeeded4 ,one great trouble with us in learning is that we are too apt to keep in mind our successes and forget the failures4 ,this is the great fault of theoretical farming4 ,if by a combination of favorable conditions success is obtained1 it is given out as a fact--no exception being given or allowed for the very favorable conditions under which the method was tried4 ,such things may rightly be compared to the many specifics given to cure the various ills of life4 ,a remedy is tried which1 under favorable conditions1 effects a cure1 and forthwith the cure is given out as a specific4 ,others1 with the same complaint but under different conditions1 try the same remedy and fail to receive the least benefit4 ,no mention is made of these failures1 and1 of course1 others are induced to give the remedy a trial4 ,for this reason it is always interesting to hear of failures as well as successes1 provided the real cause can be stated4 ,,miller ,,co41 ,,mo4 ,n4 ,j4 ,,shepherd4 ,,cisterns ,,on ,,the ,,farm4 ,there is hardly any one thing on a well-regulated farm so much needed as a cistern near the kitchen door1 so the farmer's wife will have to go but a little distance for water1 and no man knows how much is used in a farmer's kitchen1 unless he carries it for his wife for six months or a year1 and if he has to carry it a hundred yards or so from the spring1 he will wonder what in the world his wife does with so much water4 ,the cistern should be a large one and hold not less than #bjj barrels1 and well built1 that is1 walled up with brick and scientifically plastered4 ,all of the pipes from the roof should lead into one hopper1 and one pipe leading from the bottom of the hopper 7under ground is the best7 into the cistern4 ,in the bottom of the hopper should be fitted a piece of woven wire1 which can be readily taken out and put in again2 the meshes of the wire should not be larger than one-eighth of an inch4 ,this piece of woven wire should never be in its place except when water is running into the cistern1 when it will serve as a strainer to keep leaves or trash of any kind from running into the cistern4 ,a waste-water pipe should be attached to the down pipe 7all of the down pipes should lead into one7 which leads into the hopper1 to waste all the water that comes from the roof until the water is perfectly clear and free from leaves or trash of any kind2 then the waste-water pipe should be taken off and a pipe of proper length slipped onto the down pipe conducting the water1 pure and clean1 into the hopper4 ,but before letting the water into the hopper1 the piece of woven wire should be put in its place in the bottom of the hopper1 and after the rain is over it should be taken out and hung up in a dry place until wanted again1 and the waste-water pipe put on4 ,if the piece of woven wire is left in the hopper the meshes will get filled up1 and the hopper will fill with leaves and trash of all kinds and run over1 and no water get into the cistern--and if it does it will not be pure4 ,by this arrangement only pure water will run into the cistern2 but even then it ought to be cleaned out very fall or early in the spring4 ,farmers will find a cistern in their house lots or inside the barn a great convenience--but the one near the kitchen is of the greatest importance because the men will not carry water if they can help it1 and the farmer's wife1 if she has any spunk1 will insist upon the water being carried for her or raise the roof off the house1 and ,i don't blame her--the hair on the top of my head is very thin--and scarce4 ,,hike',s ,,point1 ,,ky4 ,e4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,field ,,and ,,furrow4 ,mass4 ,ploughman3 ,farm accounts1 even when kept in the most simple form1 not only afford great satisfaction1 but they do much to aid the farmer in his efforts to success4 ,if at the end of the season he is able to strike the balance1 and thus learn the cost of his principal crops1 he is in a position to correctly judge what crops will promise the most profit another year4 ,the ,farm ,economist has this to say in regard to marketing corn4 ,while it is contrary to general opinion1 it is nevertheless true1 as facts and figures are capable of proving3 ,farmers in discussing their declining markets should remember that every bushel of corn sold in the form of whisky cuts off the sale of ten bushels in the form of meat4 ,it might be well to consider this in discussing how the market for farm products can be improved4 ,this same paper further remarks1 ,where's the sense in a farmer growling because he is not represented in the government when he won't go to a convention and see that he is represented4 ,quit your growling and do your duty4 ,one good vote in the primaries or in the convention is worth #a1geg1cfb growls afterward4 ,the ,wisconsin ,tobacco ,reporter states that the new phase to the ,sumatra question has brought out considerable discussion among dealers in the ,edgerton market and that the prevailing impression appears to be that even if the recent decision be upheld1 under the jugglery by which ,sumatra is run into the country1 prices for #ahhc ,wisconsin leaf will not be materially affected1 as it can not entirely supplant its use and there will be a good demand for all our product4 ,the editor adds3 ,the scarecrow argument will doubtless be used by some buyers in bearing the market1 but we are inclined to look upon it more as a bugaboo than many others1 whatever the effect may be on future crops4 ,we know of no good reason why #ahhc ,wisconsin should sell for lower prices than have ruled thus far this season and the report from ,eastern markets seem to warrant this view4 ,a4 ,b4 ,allen1 in ,n4 ,y4 ,tribune3 ,my cistern is about five feet in diameter and five feet deep4 ,after cleaning it out in spring1 ,i put about one bushel of sand in the bottom1 and then let the rain-water come in4 ,this keeps the water sweet and clear for a whole year4 ,i have tried charcoal and various things for this purpose1 but find pure clear sand best of all4 ,it must not have other soil mixed with it1 or any vegetable matter4 ,the kind ,i use is white1 and very like such as is found at the sea shore4 ,of course the roof end of the pipe should have wire gauze fastened over it so that no foul stuff can be carried down1 and the eaves-troughs must be kept clean1 the roof and chimneys also1 and never be painted1 or the latter even whitewashed4 ,the sand is an excellent absorber of even the finest of foul stuff1 and this is the reason1 in addition to its own purity1 of its keeping the water so free from generating the smell of ammonia4 ,peoria ,transcript3 ,during some of the comparatively idle days of winter1 the farmer may combine pleasure with profit by hitching up1 taking his family1 and driving to some one of his successful farm neighbors for a friendly visit4 ,such an act may be looked upon by the man-of-toil as a poor excuse to get out of doing a day's work1 but we venture that he who tries the experiment once will be very apt to repeat it as often as time or opportunity will justify4 ,in our neighborhood1 and we presume the same condition of affairs exists in nearly every locality1 there are farmers who have lived within a mile or two of each other for years1 who hardly know their neighbors from a stranger when they meet upon the public highway or at town meeting1 and as for going to the house1 nothing short of death in the family or some event of great importance will ever bring them into the friendly relations which should exist between neighboring farmers4 ,a ,new ,jersey correspondent of the ,rural ,new ,yorker writes3 ,my clear water carp pond covers an area of about three-fourths of an acre1 and is located about eighty feet below springs in the hillside1 which furnish a never-failing supply of pure1 clear water4 ,the normal temperature of these springs1 where they empty into the pond1 varies but little according to season1 but maintains an average of fifty degrees1 ,fah4 ,several times through the summer ,i found the water in the pond indicated an average of #hj degrees1 ,fah4 ,the pond is so constructed that the water is constantly drawn from the bottom1 thus keeping the surface at this high temperature4 ,about one-half the pond is covered with mud to the depth of two feet or more--an essential in all carp ponds for hibernating4 ,a limited supply of pure ,german carp fingerlings to place in the pond was sent me by ,prof4 ,s4 ,f4 ,baird1 ,united ,states ,commissioner of ,fish and ,fisheries1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 and placed therein on ,april #fth last4 ,no food was given besides that which grew in the pond4 ,i saw them at rare intervals during the summer1 and was agreeably surprised1 when ,i drew the pond ,november #afth last past1 to find that they had grown to be sixteen inches in length1 and a pair weighed eight pounds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,monarch ,,lightning ,,sawing ,,machine4 ,on our #bfhth page appears the advertisement of the ,new ,improved ,monarch ,lightning ,sawing ,machine1 manufactured by the ,monarch ,mfg4 ,co41 #afc ,randolph4 ,st41 ,chicago4 ,the result of long experience in the manufacture of implements for cutting up wood is the superior and valuable machine which is advertised in our paper4 ,such of our readers who live in a timbered district1 and who need such a machine1 should send for their large illustrated free catalogue4 ,this company is the largest and most successful corporation in this city engaged in manufacturing one man power drag saws4 ,the ,monarch ,lightning ,sawing ,machine has been sold all over the ,western ,states1 and always gives satisfaction4 ,it is a first-class firm1 thoroughly reliable1 and their machine is of superior excellence4--,farm1 ,field and ,fireside1 ,january1 #ahhd4 ,see their advertisement on another page of this issue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,farm ,,machinery1 ,etc4 ,illustration3 ,,dederick',s ,,hay ,,presses4 ,,dederick',s ,,hay ,,presses4 are sent any where on trial to operate against all other presses1 the customer keeping the one that suits best4 ,order on trial1 address for circular and location of ,western and ,southern ,storehouses and ,agents4 ,,take ,,notice4--,as parties infringing our patents falsely claim premiums and superiority over ,dederick's ,reversible ,perpetual ,press4 ,now1 therefore1 ,i offer and guarantee as follows3 ,,first4 ,that baling ,hay with ,one ,horse1 ,dederick's ,press will bale to the solidity required to load a grain car1 twice as fast as the presses in question1 and with greater ease to both horse and man at that4 ,,second4 ,that ,dederick's ,press operated by ,one ,horse will bale faster and more compact than the presses in question operated by ,two ,horses1 and with greater ease to both man and beast4 ,,third4 ,that there is not a single point or feature of the two presses wherein ,dederick's is not the superior and most desirable4 ,dederick ,press will be sent any where on this guarantee1 on trial at ,dederick's risk and cost4 ,p4 ,k4 ,,dederick ,,co41 ,,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,great ,,saving ,,for ,,farmers4 ,,the ,lightning ,hay ,knife6 7,,weymouth',s ,,patent47 ,illustration ,awarded ,,first ,,order ,,of ,merit at ,melbourne ,exhibition1 #ahhj4 ,was awarded the ,,first ,,premium at the ,international ,exhibition in ,philadelphia1 #ahgf1 and accepted by the ,judges as ,,superior ,,to ,,any ,,other ,,knife ,,in ,,use4 ,it is the ,,best ,,knife in the world to cut fine feed from bale1 to cut down mow or stack1 to cut corn-stalks for feed1 to cut peat1 or for ditching in marshes1 and has no equal for cutting ensilage from the silo4 ,,try ,,it4 ,,it ,,will ,,pay ,,you4 ,manufactured only by ,,hiram ,,holt ,,co41 ,east ,wilton1 ,me41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,for sale by ,hardware ,merchants and the trade generally 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,chicago ,,double ,,hay ,,and ,,straw ,,press ,illustration ,guaranteed to load more ,hay or ,straw in a box car than any other1 and bale at a less cost per ton4 ,send for circular and price list4 ,manufactured by the ,chicago ,hay ,press ,co41 ,nos4 #cced to #cceh ,state ,st41 ,chicago4 ,take cable car to factory4 ,mention this paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sawing ,made ,easy ,monarch ,lightning ,sawing ,machine6 ,sent on #cj ,days test ,trial4 ,a ,great ,saving of ,labor ,money4 ,illustration ,a boy #af years old can saw logs ,,fast and ,,easy4 ,,miles ,,murray1 ,portage1 ,mich4 writes1 ,am much pleased with the ,,monarch ,,lightning ,,sawing ,,machine4 ,i sawed off a #cj-;inch log in #b minutes4 ,for sawing logs into suitable lengths for family stove-wood1 and all sorts of log-cutting1 it is peerless and unrivaled4 ,illustrated ,catalogue1 ,,free4 ,,agents ,,wanted4 ,mention this paper4 ,address ,,monarch ,,manufacturing ,,co41 #afc ,n4 ,randolph ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chicago ,,scale ,,co4 #b ,,ton ,,wagon ,,scale1 #dj4 #c ,,ton1 #ej4 #d ,ton #fj1 ,beam ,box ,included4 #bdj lb4 ,,farmer',s ,,scale1 #e4 ,the ,little ,detective1 #a_/d oz4 to #be lb4 #c4 #cjj ,,other ,,sizes4 ,reduced ,,price ,,list ,,free4 ,,forges1 ,,tools1 c4 ,,best ,,forge ,,made ,,for ,,light ,,work1 #aj1 #dj lb4 ,anvil and ,kit of ,tools4 #aj4 ,farmers save time and money doing odd jobs4 ,blowers1 ,anvils1 ,vices ,other ,articles ,,at ,,lowest ,,prices1 ,,wholesale ,,retail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,the ,,profit ,,farm ,,boiler is simple1 perfect1 and cheap2 the ,,best ,,feed ,,cooker2 the only dumping boiler2 empties its kettle in a minute4 ,,over #e1jjj ,,in ,,use2 ,cook your corn and potatoes1 and save one-half the cost of pork4 ,send for circular4 ,d4 ,r4 ,,sperry ,,co41 ,batavia1 ,illinois4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,champion ,,baling ,,presses4 ,illustration ,a ,ton per ,hour4 ,run by two men and one team4 ,loads #aj to #ae tons in car4 ,send for descriptive circular with prices1 to ,,gehrt ,,co41 #baf1 #bah and #bbj ,maine ,st41 ,quincy1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhd2 #b4jj pays for it from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe4 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,live ,,stock ,,department4 ,stockmen1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,iowa ,wool ,men4 ,the ,iowa ,wool-,growers' ,association met at ,des ,moines last week4 ,the attendance was light4 ,the general sentiment expressed was that sheep growing was profitable in ,iowa1 if the dogs could be got rid of4 ,the ,legislature will be importuned to abolish the curs4 ,the session the last evening was devoted to the tariff on wool4 ,the petition of the ,ohio sheep-growers1 presented to ,congress1 asking a restoration of the tariff law of #ahfg on wool1 was read and unanimously accepted4 ,officers for the ensuing year were elected as follows3 ,s4 ,p4 ,mc,neil1 ,gordon ,grove1 ,president2 ,j4 ,c4 ,robinson1 ,albia1 ,samuel ,russell1 ,west ,grove1 and ,a4 ,n4 ,stewart1 ,grove ,station1 ,vice-,presidents2 ,a4 ,j4 ,blakely1 ,grinnell1 ,secretary4 ,polled ,cattle-,breeders4 ,twenty-seven head of ,galloway and ,angus cattle1 belonging to ,a4 ,b4 ,matthews1 ,kansas ,city1 were sold at auction at ,des ,moines1 ,iowa1 ,january #ith1 at prices ranging from #bce to #faj4 ,the sale aggregated #aj1dbe1 or #chf per head4 ,in the evening of the same day some twenty-five polled cattle-breeders met and organized a ,state association4 ,an address was read by ,abner ,graves1 of ,dow ,city1 in which the breed was duly extolled4 ,an interesting discussion followed1 in the course of which it was stated that the polled breeds have two anatomical peculiarities in common with the ,american bison1 indicating a close relation to1 or possible descent from the buffalo family4 ,the officers elected were3 ,president1 ,abner ,graves1 of ,dow ,city2 ,vice-,presidents1 ,messrs4 ,bryan1 of ,montezuma1 ,d4 ,j4 ,moore1 of ,dunlop1 and ,charles ,farwell1 of ,montezuma2 ,secretary and ,treasurer1 ,h4 ,g4 ,gue1 of ,des ,moines4 ,liberal subscriptions were made to the articles of incorporation which were formed inside the organization1 after the meeting adjourned4 ,merino ,sheep ,breeders4 ,the sixth annual meeting of the ,northern ,illinois ,merino ,sheep ,breeders' ,association was held at ,elgin1 ,january #ith4 ,the meeting was well attended and enthusiastic4 ,george ,e4 ,peck presided4 ,the annual report of ,secretary ,vandercook showed the association to be in a growing condition4 ,the discussion of the day was mainly on the tariff question4 ,a communication from ,columbus ,delano1 ,president of the ,national ,wool-,growers ,association was read1 asking for the co-operation of the society in a move upon ,congress for the restoration of duties on imported wools as they were established by the act of #ahfg met with a hearty reception4 ,thomas ,mc,d4 ,richards delivered an interesting address on wool-growing and the merino as a mutton sheep4 ,he argued that a prevailing idea to the effect that good mutton could not come from fine-wool sheep was entirely erroneous4 ,touching on the tariff question he said the past year had been an unprofitable one to mere wool-growers1 and that sheep had been unsalable at paying prices4 ,the removal of the duty on wool had paralyzed the industry1 and the tariff must be restored4 ,there was an abundance of competition among the wool-growers of our own land without compelling them to compete with the stockmen of ,south ,america and ,australia4 ,the farmers had not clamored for a removal of the duty on wool4 ,if the tariff was not restored the wool interests of the country would be ruined4 ,already legislation had lowered the price of wool several cents1 and had depreciated the value of sheep at least #a per head4 ,the tariff was also dilated upon by ,col4 ,john ,s4 ,wilcox1 of ,elgin1 ,daniel ,kelley1 of ,wheaton1 and ,asa ,h4 ,crary4 ,the conclusion arrived at was that energetic and united action for the restoration of the duty was the thing desired4 ,v4 ,p4 ,richmond read an interesting essay on ,merinos2 ,their ,characteristics and ,attributes4 ,the annual election of officers resulted as follows3 ,president1 ,george ,e4 ,peck1 ,geneva2 ,vice-,presidents1 ,thomas ,mc,d4 ,richards1 ,woodstock1 and ,daniel ,kelley1 ,wheaton2 ,secretary and ,treasurer1 ,w4 ,c4 ,vandercook1 ,cherry ,valley4 ,it was decided to hold the association's annual public sheep-shearing at ,richmond1 ,mc,henry county1 ,april #bi and #cj1 and ,c4 ,r4 ,lawson1 ,l4 ,h4 ,smith1 and ,a4 ,s4 ,peck were designated a committee to represent the association at the annual sheep-shearing of the ,wisconsin association4 ,cattle ,disease4 ,the ,house committee on agriculture last week discussed in a general way the subject of pleuro pneumonia in cattle4 ,mr4 ,loring1 ,commissioner of ,agriculture1 expressed his views upon the subject in a short speech4 ,mr4 ,grinnell1 of ,iowa1 chairman of the committee appointed by the convention of cattle men1 in ,chicago1 to visit ,washington to influence ,legislation in reference to diseased cattle1 was present4 ,it was arranged that a sub-committee1 consisting of ,congressmen ,hatch1 ,dibrell1 ,williams1 ,winans1 ,wilson1 and ,ochiltree1 should meet the representatives of the cattle interests at the ,agricultural ,department4 ,pleuro-pneumonia among cattle will be the first subject considered4 ,the ,house committee on agriculture will report a bill at an early day4 ,the assistant ,secretary of the ,treasury has transmitted to the ,house the report of the cattle commission1 consisting of ,james ,law1 ,e4 ,f4 ,thayer1 and ,j4 ,h4 ,sanders1 for the past year4 ,the commission recommended that the ,national ,government prevent the shipment northward1 out of the area infected with ,texas fever1 of all cattle whatsoever1 excepting from the beginning of ,november to the beginning of ,march4 ,special attention is invited by the ,assistant ,secretary to the recommendation of the commission that the ,secretary of the ,treasury be empowered to order the slaughter and safe disposal of all imported herds that may be found infected on their arrival in the ,united ,states1 or may develop a dangerous or contagious disease during quarantine2 and that he be also empowered to have all ruminants 7other than cattle7 and all swine imported into the ,united ,states1 subjected to inspection by veterinary surgeons1 and if necessary to prevent the spread of contagious diseases1 slaughtered or submitted to quarantine until they shall be considered uninfected2 and that an appropriation of #a1ejj1jjj be made to defray the expenses of preventing a further spread of the lung plague among cattle in this country1 and for stamping out the plague now existing4 ,a supplemental report of the majority of commission1 submitted by ,law and ,thayer1 and of a later date than the first report is also submitted4 ,this report deals especially with the inadequacy to the end sought to be accomplished of the inspection of cattle at ports of export1 and recommends that such inspection and guarantee be delayed4 ,their reason for doubting the adequacy of the inspection at ports of exports is that neither lung plague nor ,texas fever can be certainly detected by such examination1 because those diseases pass through an average stage of incubation for thirty days1 during which it is impossible for the most accomplished expert to detect the presence of the germ in the system4 ,the result would be1 if such an inspection were the only thing relied upon1 that cattle which had been exposed to infection in the stock yards several days before inspection would pass that inspection1 but three weeks later1 when they arrived at a foreign port1 would show marked symptoms of the disease4 ,this result destroys absolutely the efficacy of the certificates of inspection as to guarantees to foreign imported cattle4 ,the report closes with the statement that so long as the infected districts in this country can not be secluded1 the landing of infected cattle in ,england from this country can not be prevented1 and so long as ,american cattle show these diseases on their arrival in ,england we can hope for no modification of the present restrictions that country places against ,american cattle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at the conference between ,house sub-committee on agriculture and the ,chicago convention committee a general discussion on contagious diseases among cattle was indulged in4 ,the committee of cattle men1 in answer to the inquiries of representatives1 said diseases existed in ,delaware1 the ,district of ,columbia1 ,maryland1 ,pennsylvania1 ,virginia1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 and possibly in other places4 ,in ,new ,york a few counties are reported infected4 ,mr4 ,hunt1 of ,new ,jersey1 said if ,congress would appropriate an adequate amount payable to the order of the authorities of the different ,states and protect ,new ,jersey for six months from the importation of diseased cattle1 the ,state in that time would stamp out pleuro-pneumonia in its territory4 ,dr4 ,law1 of the ,cattle ,commission of the ,treasury ,department1 said the disease was undoubtedly the result of importation4 ,he said that with plenty of money and a ,federal law it could be eradicated in twelve months4 ,new ,york ,city had at one time stamped it out in three months4 ,he advocated the burning of buildings where the disease occurred4 ,judge ,carey1 of ,wyoming1 gave the history of the disease1 saying it was like ,asiatic cholera spreading through ,europe and reaching ,new ,york forty years ago4 ,it existed on the continent of ,europe1 in ,great ,britain1 ,australia1 ,new ,zealand1 and this country4 ,he said #ajj1jjj1jjj was invested in the cattle business of the ,united ,states4 ,representative ,hatch said that ,mr4 ,singleton1 of ,illinois1 had offered #a1jjj reward for an animal afflicted with pleuro-pneumonia1 but no one had accepted4 ,several members of the cattle committee at once offered to show the disease to any one doubting its existence4 ,representative ,weller gave notice that he would offer a bill appropriating #aj1jjj1jjj by the ,government for suppressing contagious diseases among cattle1 to be distributed among the ,states and ,territories in the ratio of representation in ,congress1 provided that each ,state appropriated a sum equal to the amount given by the ,government4 ,the legislation proposed is to make the shipment of cattle known to be diseased a penal offense2 to establish a cattle bureau in the ,department of ,agriculture2 increase the power of the ,commissioner of ,agriculture2 provide funds for an elaborate investigation of the diseases of cattle2 and provide an appropriation to purchase diseased cattle so they can be destroyed4 ,an appropriation will be asked the first year of #ejj1jjj4 ,,the ,,horse ,,and ,,his ,,treatment4 ,,number ,,two4 ,first1 as regards food4 ,the horse is naturally a wild animal and therefore1 though domesticated1 he demands such food as nature would provide for him4 ,but man seems to forget this4 ,nature's food would be largely of grass4 ,it is true that when domesticated and put to hard work he needs some food of a more concentrated and highly nutritious nature than grass2 but while labor may necessitate grain1 the health of his system yet demands a liberal allowance of grass4 ,in direct opposition to this many farmers keep their horses off pasture while they are at work1 which comprises almost the entire season of green pasture4 ,i have frequently heard farmers say that their horses did best during the spring and summer1 if kept in the stable at night4 ,i can only say that ,i have found the very opposite to be true and ,i believe ,i have carefully and faithfully tested the matter4 ,i have found that when the horses were allowed the range of a blue grass pasture at night1 they endured work the best because they digested their grain and hay better1 and good digestion made good appetites4 ,in fact1 ,i consider pasture the best food and the best medicine a horse can be given4 ,if his coat is rough1 if he is stiff and lifeless1 if he is losing flesh and strength1 turn him on pasture and he will soon grow better4 ,some grasses make far better pasture than others4 ,all in all1 ,i consider blue grass the best4 ,it comes earliest in the spring1 and while very palatable and easily digested1 seems to possess more substance than other grasses4 ,next ,i would place timothy4 ,clover is good medicine for a sick horse1 but because of its action on the salivary glands is apt to make work horses slobber at certain seasons4 ,for winter1 hay is provided4 ,but how is it provided in a majority of cases8 ,the grass is cut out of season2 is cured negligently1 very likely is exposed to rain2 and then piled up to mold and rot4 ,a few tarpaulins to put over the cocks in case of rain1 and barracks or mow to protect and preserve the hay would give the horse good hay1 and be one of the very best of investments4 ,it should be remembered that the digestive organs of none other of our farm animals are so easily deranged as those of the horse4 ,musty1 moldy hay is the moving cause of much disease4 ,the man who can not provide a good mow should sell his horses to some farmer who can manage better4 ,though blue grass is the best for pasture1 timothy is the best for hay4 ,clover makes better hay than blue grass4 ,corn fodder has substance1 and pound for pound contains about two-thirds as much nutriment as hay4 ,but it is not good forage for the horse4 ,where hay is procurable corn fodder should never be fed4 ,i am convinced that the great majority of farmers do nor feed their horses enough forage4 ,i know of farmers who do not feed hay at all when their horses are at work1 which is more than half the year4 ,grain is fed exclusively4 ,yet they wonder why their horses lose flesh and have rough coats4 ,feeding a horse all grain is like feeding a man all meat4 ,the food is so oily and difficult of digestion that it soon deranges the digestive organs4 ,the horse should have all the hay he wishes to eat1 at all seasons of the year4 ,this brings me to another error in his treatment4 ,when at work the horse should have at least ninety minutes for each meal4 ,my observation convinces me that a large number of farmers do not give him this much time4 ,their reason for neglecting to do so is1 that it would be a loss of time4 ,but the very opposite of this is the case4 ,time is gained4 ,the horse has opportunity to eat slowly1 which is essential to complete digestion2 can eat all he wishes2 and has time to rest after eating1 giving the organs of digestion a chance to work4 ,give your horse an hour and a half to eat his noon-day meal1 at least1 and at the end of the season you will find that by so doing you have gained time4 ,he may not have walked before the plow and harrow so many hours1 but he has stepped faster and pulled more energetically4 ,another error is the feeding of too much grain4 ,some farmers have grain in the feeding troughs all the time during the spring and summer4 ,the horse is sated4 ,this manner may do for a hog1 whose only business is to lie around1 grunt1 and put on fat2 but for a horse it will not do4 ,a horse should never be given all the grain he will eat4 ,at every meal he should clean out his box1 and then be ready to eat hay for at least fifteen minutes4 ,another error is in confining the grain feed almost altogether to corn4 ,corn is a heavy1 gross diet4 ,it contains a large proportion of oil1 and tends to produce lymph and fat1 which are inimical to health1 and destructive of vigor and endurance4 ,oats is a much better food2 yet it is very rarely fed in the ,south1 and not half of the farmers of the ,north feed it4 ,corn heats the blood1 and on this account should not be fed in hot weather4 ,oats is a lighter1 easier diet1 does not heat the blood1 and makes muscle1 rather than fat4 ,all in all1 oats is the most economical food1 at least for horses at work in hot weather4 ,one more error which ,i shall notice in feeding is the giving of too much dry food4 ,the horse does best upon moist food1 or that which has a large percentage of water in its composition4 ,carrots1 turnips1 beets1 pumpkins1 etc41 may be given in small quantities with decided advantage1 especially in the winter4 ,in summer the hay should be sprinkled with water1 and the oats soaked4 ,this will not only make the food more palatable and easily digested1 but will obviate the necessity of watering after meals4 ,many object to watering after the horse has eaten1 because the fluid carries the grain into the intestines where it can not be digested4 ,but if grain and forage are dampened1 the horse will not require watering after a meal4 ,he will rarely drink if water is offered him1 and the moisture will aid digestion4 ,this is surely better and more humane than to give a horse dry food and then work him for six or seven hours in the hot sun1 afterward1 without any drink4 ,of the quality of water given to the horse there is not much to condemn4 ,he generally gets better water than the hog1 or sheep1 because he is very fastidious in this matter and will not drink foul water unless driven to do so by dire necessity4 ,but ,i believe that three times is not often enough to water a horse at work in hot weather1 though this is the common and time honored practice4 ,the stomach of the horse is small--very small in proportion to the size of his body4 ,when he has labored in summer for half a day his thirst is intense1 and when he is permitted to slake it he drinks too much1 producing really serious disorders4 ,no valid objection can be urged against watering five times per day4 ,the arguments are all in its favor4 ,the errors in stabling are fully as grievous as any we have noticed4 ,i have lately written of the evils of lack of light and proper ventilation in these columns1 and also discussed the problem of currying in various phases1 so shall not repeat here what ,i have heretofore written4 ,one of the other evils of stable management often allowed1 is the accumulation of manure4 ,it is not within the scope of this article to notice the evil the neglect to save manure works to the farm and the farmer4 ,but that the accumulation of the manure in the stable is a hurt to the horse1 no sensibly reasoning person can doubt4 ,its fermentation gives off obnoxious gases which pollute and poison the air the horse is compelled to breathe1 and thus in turn poison the animal's blood4 ,this is a more fruitful cause of disease than is generally supposed4 ,the gases prove injurious to the eye1 and when we consider the accumulation of manure and the exclusion of light1 we are not apt to wonder much at the prevalence of blindness among horses4 ,the manure should be cleaned out in the morning1 at noon1 and again at night4 ,use sawdust or straw liberally for bedding4 ,it will absorb the urine1 and as soon as foul1 should be removed to the compost heap with the dung1 where it will soon be converted into fine1 excellent manure4 ,another thing that deserves attention is the stable floor4 ,i unhesitatingly say that a composition of clay and fine gravel is best4 ,pavement is the worst1 and planks are next4 ,the clay and gravel should be put in just moist enough to pack solidly4 ,stamp till very firm and then allow to dry and harden for a week4 ,the stable floor should be kept perfectly level4 ,do not make the horse stand in a strained1 unnatural position4 ,the stall should be large enough for him to move around--at least six feet wide4 ,narrow stalls are a nuisance but very common4 ,,john ,m4 ,,stahl4 ,,cost ,,of ,,pork ,,on #ahhc ,,corn4 ,about three weeks ago the ,man of the ,prairie wanted to know how many pounds of pork a bushel of corn would make this year4 ,as ,i wanted to know the same thing ,i have weighed my hogs every week and also the corn ,i fed them1 and for the benefit of your readers ,i will give the results3 ,december #aj--ae hogs1 weight #d1acj #ag-- #d1bhj ate #ifj lbs ,corn4 #bd-- #d1daj #hfd #ca-- #d1egb #haf ,this gives a gain1 in twenty-one days1 of #ddb lbs1 and they ate in that time #b1fdj lbs41 or #dg-a_/g bu4 corn4 ,the corn was planted about the eighth of ,may2 was the large white variety2 is quite loose on the cob1 and a good many of the ears are mouldy4 ,a common bushel basket holds of it in ear #ce lbs4 ,the hogs were fed the corn in ear twice a day1 and had all the water they wanted to drink4 ,this gives #i-fb_/afe lbs4 pork to the bushel4 ,at the present price of pork 7#e4be7 it would make the corn worth about #di-a_/b cts4 per bushel4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,powess4 ,,winnebago ,,co41 ,,ill4 ,p4,s4 ,the weight of corn given is its weight shelled1 as it shells out #ee lbs from #hj lbs4 in ear4 ,g4 ,f4 ,p4 ,,veterinary ,grease1 ,so-,called4 ,this ailment occurs sometimes in the fore feet1 but oftener in the hind feet2 and though neither contagious nor epizootic1 it not unfrequently appears about one time or within a brief period1 on most or all of the horses in a stable4 ,it essentially consists in a stoppage of the normal secretions of the skin1 which is beneficially provided for maintaining a soft condition of the skin of the heel1 and preventing chapping and excoriation2 and it usually develops itself in redness1 dryness1 and scurfiness of the skin2 but in bad or prolonged cases1 it is accompanied with deep cracks1 an ichorous discharge1 more or less lameness1 and even great ulceration1 and considerable fungus growth2 and in the worst cases it spreads athwart all the heel1 extends on the fetlock1 or ascends the leg1 and is accompanied with extensive swelling and a general oozing discharge1 of a peculiar strong1 disagreeable odor4 ,most of the causes of grease are referable to bad management1 especially in regard to great and sudden changes in the exterior temperature of the heels4 ,the feet of the horse may be alternately heated by the bedding and cooled by draft from the open stable door2 or they may first be made hot and sensitive by the irritating action of the urine and filth on the stable floor1 and then violently reacted on by the cold breezes of the open air1 or they may be moist and reeking when the horse is led out to work1 and then chilled for a long period by the slow evaporation of the moisture from them amid the clods and soil of the field2 or they may be warm and even perspiring with the labor of the day1 and next plunged into a stream or washed with cold water1 and then allowed to dry partly in the open air and partly in the stable2 and in many of these ways1 or of any others which occasion sudden changes of temperature in the heels1 especially when those changes are accompanied or aggravated by the irritating action of filth1 grease is exceedingly liable to be induced4 ,want of exercise1 high feeding1 and whatever tends to accumulate or to stagnate the normal greasy secretion in the skin of the heels1 also operate1 in some degree1 as causes4 ,by mere good management and by avoiding these known causes1 horse owners might prevent the appearance of this disease altogether4 ,in the early1 dry1 scurfy stage of grease1 the heels may be well cleaned with soft soap and water1 and afterwards thoroughly dried1 and then treated with a dilution of ,goulard's extract--one part to eight parts of water1 or one part with six parts of lard oil4 ,in the mildest form of the stage of cracks and ichorous discharge1 after cleansing1 some drying powder1 such as equal quantities of white lead and putty 7impure protoxide of zinc71 may be applied1 or simply the mixture of ,goulard's extract with lard oil may be continued4 ,in the virulent form of cracks1 accompanied with ulceration1 the heels ought to be daily washed clean with warm water1 and afterwards bathed with a mild astringent lotion1 and every morning and evening thinly poulticed or coated with carbolized ointment2 and the whole system ought to be acted on by alteratives1 by nightly bran mash1 and1 if the animal be in full condition1 with a dose of purgative medicine4 ,in the worst and most extensively spread cases1 poultices of a very cooling kind1 particularly poultices of scraped carrots or scraped turnips1 ought to be used day and night1 both for the sake of their own action1 and as preparatives to the action of the astringent application2 and the whole course of treatment ought to aim at the abatement of the inflammatory action1 previous to the stopping of the discharge4 ,nothing tends so much to prevent grease and swelling of the legs as frequent hand rubbing and cleansing the heels carefully as soon as a horse comes in from exercise or work4 ,in inveterate cases of grease1 where the disease appears to have become habitual1 in some degree1 a run at grass1 when in season1 is the only remedy4 ,if a dry paddock is available1 where a horse can be sheltered in bad weather1 it will be found extremely convenient2 as in such circumstances1 he may perform his usual labor1 and at the same time be kept free from the complaint4 ,foul in the ,foot4 ,this name is given to a disease in cattle1 which presents a resemblance to foot rot in sheep1 but is different from this4 ,it appears to be always occasioned by the neglect and aggravation of wounds and ulcers originating in mechanical injury--particularly in the insinuating of pieces of stone1 splinters of wood1 etc41 between the claws of the hoof1 or in the wearing1 splitting1 or bruising of the horn1 and consequent abrasion of the sensible foot2 by walking for an undue length of time1 or a long distance upon gravelly or flinty roads1 or other hard and eroding surfaces4 ,it is sometimes ascribed1 indeed1 to a wet state of the pasture2 but moisture merely predisposes to it1 by softening the hoof and diminishing its power of resisting mechanical injury4 ,the ulcers of foul in the foot usually occur about the coronet and extend under the hoof1 causing much inflammatory action1 very great pain1 and more or less separation of the hoof2 but they often originate in uneven pressure upon the sole1 and rise upward from a crack between the claws1 and are principally or wholly confined to one side or claw of the foot4 ,a fetid purulent discharge proceeds from the ulcers1 and a sinus may sometimes be discovered by means of a probe to descend from the coronet beneath the hoof4 ,the affected animal is excessively lame1 and may possibly suffer such a degree of pain as to lose all appetite and become sickly and emaciated4 ,if the disease is of a mild form1 or be merely in the initiatory stage1 it may be readily cured by cleaning1 fomentation1 and rest2 if it be of a medium character1 between mild and violent1 it may be cured by cleaning1 by carefully paring away loose and detached horn1 by destroying any fungus growth1 and by applying1 with a feather1 a little butyr of antimony2 and if it be of a very bad form1 or has been long neglected1 it will require to be probed1 lanced1 or otherwise dealt with according to the rules of good surgery1 and afterwards poulticed twice a day with linseed meal1 and frequently1 but lightly1 touched with butyr of antimony4 ,founder4 ,this disease consists in inflammation of the lamin and of the vascular parts of the sensible foot4 ,it sometimes attacks only one foot1 sometimes two1 and sometimes all four2 but1 in a great majority of cases1 it attacks either one or both of the front feet4 ,a chronic form sometimes occurs1 and exhibits symptoms somewhat similar to those of contraction of the hoof2 but acute inflammation of the lamin is what is generally called founder4 ,this disease is occasioned by overstraining of the lamin from long standing1 by prolonged or excessive driving over hard roads1 by congestion from long confinement1 by sudden reaction from standing in snow after being heated1 or from covering with warm bedding after prolonged exposure to cold1 by sudden change of diet from a comparatively cool to a comparatively heating kind of food1 and by translation of inflammatory action from some other part of the body1 particularly after influenza4 ,in the early stages of founder1 a horse evinces great pain1 shows excessive restlessness of foot1 and tries to lighten the pressure of his body on the diseased feet4 ,in the more advanced stages he is feverish1 breathes hard1 has violent throbbing in the arteries of the fetlock1 lies down1 stretches out his legs1 and sometimes gazes wistfully upon the seat of the disease2 and in the ulterior stages1 if no efficacious remedies have been applied1 the diseased feet either naturally recover their healthy condition1 or they suppurate1 slough1 cast part or all of the hoof1 and gradually acquire a small1 weak1 new hoof1 or they undergo such mortification and change of tissues as to render the animal permanently useless4 ,the shoe of a foundered foot must be removed2 the hoof should be pared in such a manner that the sole and central portion of the same alone come to sustain the weight of the body4 ,therefore1 the wall of the hoof1 or that portion of the hoof which1 under normal conditions1 is made to bear upon the shoe1 should be pared or rasped away1 all around1 to such an extent that it does not touch the ground when the animal stands upon the foot4 ,a well-bedded shed1 or a roomy1 well-bedded box-stall1 should be provided1 with a view of allowing ample room for stretching out1 as well as for changing position on a floor which should not be slanting1 and which conveniences can not be had in a single stall1 or when the animal is kept tied up in a confined space4 ,fomentations1 evaporating lotions1 wet cloths1 and moist poultices should be applied to the feet4 ,the animal ought to have light and spare diet1 and bran mashes4 ,when much fever exists febrifuges and diuretics should be given4 ,,questions ,,answered4 ,,cow ,,drying ,,up ,,unevenly4 ,d4 ,w41 ,,auburn1 ,,ill4--#a4 ,what is the cause of a cow going dry in one teat8 ,she dropped her calf the #beth of ,may1 and it sucked till it was three months old two teats on one side2 that was her third calf2 her next one will be due the last of ,april next4 ,for some six weeks past the quantity of milk has been diminishing1 till now she does not give more than a gill from one teat1 while the opposite one gives more than double that of either of the others4 ,can any thing be done to remedy the difficulty8 #b4 ,if a cow gives more milk on one side than the other1 does it indicate the sex of the coming calf8 ,,reply4--,most likely the cow will give milk from all four quarters after calving4 ,she should be allowed to gradually dry up now1 and toward the time of calving1 she should not be fed exclusively on dry food4 #b4 ,no4 ,illustration ,,the ,,dairy4 ,dairymen1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,curing ,cheese4 ,the curing of cheese develops not only flavor1 but texture and digestibility4 ,as a rule1 says an ,english exchange1 no ,american cheese is well cured1 and this is for want of suitable curing houses4 ,dr4 ,h4 ,reynolds1 of ,livermore ,falls1 ,me41 remarks upon this subject as follows3 ,increased attention needs to be given by cheese-makers to this matter of curing cheese4 ,cheese factories should be provided with suitable curing rooms1 where a uniform temperature of the required degree can be maintained1 together with a suitable degree of moisture and sufficient supply of fresh air4 ,the expense required to provide a suitable curing room would be small compared to the increased value of the cheese product thereby secured4 ,small dairymen and farmers1 having only a few cows1 labor under some difficulties in the way of providing suitable curing room for their cheese4 ,yet if they have a clear idea of what a curing room should be1 they will generally be able to provide something which will approximate to what is needed4 ,good curing rooms are absolutely needed in order to enable our cheese-makers to produce a really fine article of cheese4 ,the nicer the quality of cheese produced1 the higher the price it will bring1 and the more desirable will it become as an article of food4 ,in the curing of cheese certain requisites are indispensable in order to attain the best results4 ,free exposure to air is one requisite for the development of flavor4 ,curd sealed up in an air-tight vessel and kept at the proper temperature readily breaks down into a soft1 rich1 ripe cheese1 but it has none of the flavor so much esteemed in good cheese4 ,exposure to the oxygen of the air develops flavor4 ,the cheese during the process of curding takes in oxygen and gives off carbonic acid gas4 ,this fact was proved by ,dr4 ,s4 ,m4 ,babcock1 of ,cornell ,university1 who1 by analyzing the air passing over cheese while curding1 found that the cheese was constantly taking in oxygen and giving off carbonic acid gas4 ,the development of flavor can be hastened by subjecting the cheese to a strong current of air4 ,the flavor is developed by the process of oxidation4 ,if the cheese is kept in too close air during the process of curding1 it will be likely to be deficient in flavor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an anonymous writer very truly remarks that the dairyman1 by the force of circumstances1 has to become versed in the breeding and management of stock1 especially that of dairy breeds2 hence1 in the very nature of things1 he becomes a thoughtful1 studious1 observing man1 and1 what is better1 he attains a higher intelligence4 ,the advantages of dairying call out1 among other things1 enhanced revenues1 because butter and cheese have become necessities2 it enriches the farm1 and is perfectly adapted to foster the breeding and raising of better and more stock4 ,it embodies thrift1 progress1 and prosperity4 ,under new methods it makes fine butter and choice beef1 not by any means less1 but even more1 and affords better grain4 ,it does not imply farm houses with added burdens1 but1 on the contrary1 relieved of drudgery1 and the time thus gained can be spent in cultivating the refining graces1 and thus making farmers' homes abodes of culture1 refinement1 and education1 placing the dairy farmer upon a level financially1 socially1 and intellectually with any other class or profession4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,the ,,rural ,,new-,,yorker ,the great national farm and garden journal of ,america1 with its ,celebrated ,free ,seed ,distribution1 and ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 post-paid1 all for only #c4jj4 ,it is a rare chance4 ,specimen copies cheerfully sent gratis4 ,compare them with other rural weeklies1 and then subscribe for the best4 ,apply to #cd ,,park ,,row1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for ,sale or ,rent4 ,farm of four hundred and eighty acres situated in ,marlon ,county1 ,illinois1 two and a half miles from ,tonti ,station1 and six miles from ,odin1 on branch of ,illinois ,central ,r4 ,r41 and ,o4 ,m4 ,road--#cjj acres under plow1 #ahj acres timber4 ,the latter has never been culled and is very valuable4 ,farm is well fenced into seven fields4 ,has an orchard on it which has yielded over two thousand dollars worth of fruit a year4 ,no poor land on the farm1 and is called the best body of land in ,marion ,county4 ,it was appraised by the ,northwestern ,insurance ,co4 for a loan at #ah1jjj and a loan made of six thousand4 ,buildings are not very good4 ,will sell for #ad1hjj--b1hjj cash1 #f1jjj ,may #ca1 #ahhg1 and #f1jjj ,feb4 #bd1 #ahib1 deferred payments to bear #f per cent interest1 or1 to a first-class party1 having a few thousand dollars to put into stock1 a liberal arrangement will be made to rent it for a term of years4 ,property belongs to an estate4 ,address ,j4 ,e4 ,,young1 #ga ,park ,avenue1 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,henry ,,davis1 ,,dyer1 ,,ind4 ,illustration ,breeder of ,light ,brahmas1 ,plymouth ,rocks1 ,bronze ,turkeys1 ,toulouse ,geese1 and ,pekin ,ducks4 ,stock for sale4 ,eggs in ,season4 ,have won #bjj prizes at leading shows1 including #ast on ,toulouse ,geese at ,st4 ,louis and ,chicago ,shows4 ,write for prices4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,your ,,name printed on #ej ,cards ,,all ,,new designs of ,gold ,floral1 ,remembrances1 ,sentiment1 ,hand ,floral1 etc41 with ,love1 ,friendship1 and ,holiday ,mottoes4 #aj;c4 #g pks4 and this elegant ,ring1 #ej c41 #ae pks4 ,ring1 #a4 #ab ,,new ,,concealed ,,name ,cards 7name concealed with hand holding flowers with mottoes7 #bj;c4 #g pks4 and this ,ring for #a4 ,agents sample book and full outfit1 #be;c4 ,over #bjj new ,cards added this season4 ,blank ,cards at wholesale prices4 ,,northford ,,card ,,co4 ,northford1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds ,our large ,,garden ,,guide describing ,cole's ,reliable ,seeds is ,,mailed ,,free ,,to ,,all4 ,we offer the ,,latest ,novelties in ,,seed ,,potatoes1 ,corn and ,oats1 and the ,best ,collection of ,vegetable1 ,flower1 ,grass and ,tree ,,seed4 ,everything is tested4 ,,cole ,,bro41 ,seedsmen1 ,,pella1 ,,iowa 99 99 99 99 99 ,agents ,wanted1 ,male and ,female1 for ,spence's ,blue ,book1 a most fascinating and salable novelty4 ,every family needs from one to a dozen4 ,immense profits and exclusive territory4 ,sample mailed for #be cts in postage stamps4 ,address ,j4 ,h4 ,,clarson1 ,p4,o4 ,box #bbif1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,procured or no charge4 #dj p4 book patent-law free4 ,add4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,fitzgerald #ajjf ,f ,st41 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cards #dj ,,satin ,,finish ,,cards1 ,new ,imported designs1 name on and ,present ,free for #aj;c4 ,cut this out4 ,,clinton ,,bros4 ,co41 ,clintonville1 ,ct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,everywhere to solicit subscriptions for this paper4 ,write ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago1 for particulars4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 and the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 ,illustration ,,horticultural ,horticulturists1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,,southern ,,ill4 ,,horticultural ,,society4 ,the members of the ,southern ,illinois ,horticultural ,society recently held a meeting at ,alton1 and resolved to put a little more life into the organization4 ,a new constitution was adopted1 and the following officers were elected for the ensuing year3 ,president--,e4 ,a4 ,riehl1 ,alton4 ,first ,vice-,president--,g4 ,w4 ,endicott1 ,villa ,ridge4 ,second ,vice-,president--,wm4 ,jackson1 ,godfrey4 ,secretary and ,treasurer--,e4 ,hollister1 ,alton4 ,the following select list of fruits was recommended for the district1 or ,southern grand division of the ,state3 ,apples--,summer--,red ,astrachan1 ,keswick ,codlin1 ,benoni1 ,saps of ,wine1 and ,maiden's ,blush4 ,fall--,it was unanimously agreed that fall apples were not profitable for market purposes4 ,winter--,ben ,davis1 ,rome ,beauty1 ,jonathan1 ,wine-,sap1 ,winter ,may1 ,gilpin1 and ,janet4 ,apples for family use--,summer--,early ,harvest1 ,red ,astrachan1 ,carolina ,red ,june1 ,benoni1 ,maiden's ,blush1 ,bailey ,sweet and ,fameuse4 ,fall--,fall ,wine1 ,rambo1 ,grimes' ,golden1 ,yellow ,belleflower4 ,winter--,jonathan1 ,rome ,beauty1 ,winesap1 ,ben ,davis1 ,janet1 ,gilpin1 ,moore's ,sweet1 ,sweet ,vandevere4 ,peaches for ,market--,bartlett1 ,howell1 and ,duchess4 ,pears for ,family ,use--,bartlett1 ,seckel1 ,howell1 ,white ,doyenne1 ,d',anjou1 and ,sheldon4 ,peaches--,for ,family ,use and ,market--,alexander1 ,mountain ,rose1 ,l4 ,e4 ,york1 ,oldmixon ,free1 ,crawford's ,late ,stump1 ,picquet's ,late1 ,smock1 ,salway1 and ,heath ,cling4 ,grapes--,home ,use and ,market--,worden or ,concord1 ,cynthiana or ,norton's ,va41 ,mo4 ,reisling1 ,noah1 ,ives4 ,strawberries--,home and ,market--,capt4 ,jack1 ,downing1 and ,wilson4 ,raspberries--,black ,caps--,doolittle and ,gregg4 ,reds--,cuthbert1 ,brandywine1 and ,turner for home use only4 ,notes on ,current ,topics4 ,,farm ,,economy4 ,now1 if one wants to ascertain how many agricultural implements are used by the farmers of the ,west1 let him take a trip across the country for a day or two1 and he will see reapers and mowers1 and hay rakes and cultivators1 and plows and seeders1 standing in the fields and meadows1 at the end of the rows where they had last been used4 ,a stranger might think that this is not the place for them at this particular time of year4 ,but in this he shows his ignorance of ,western farm economy--for it is the very place for them2 the identical locality where a great many of our farmers choose to keep their costly implements4 ,besides--don't you see1 our farmers believe in fostering the manufactures of our country2 and this place of caring for their tools after using them adds #ae or #bj per cent to the business of the manufacturers4 ,,about ,,the ,,borer4 ,i referred to the fact that ,i had lately been cutting away1 digging up1 and making stove-wood of a number of dead and decaying apple trees4 ,some of them had been dead and dying for two or three years4 ,in splitting up the body and roots of one of these1 ,i dislodged scores of the borers1 of all ages and sizes--making quite a dinner for a hen and chickens that happened to be nigh4 ,this fact brought forcibly to my mind what ,i should have thought of before1 namely--that these dead and dying trees ought not to be allowed to remain a day after their usefulness has departed2 but should be removed bodily and consigned to the flames4 ,otherwise they remain as breeding places for the pests1 to the great detriment of the rest of the orchard4 ,cut away your decaying trees at once4 ,,coal ,,ashes4 ,now that coal has become so common as a substitute for wood for fuel1 not only on the railroads and manufactories1 but in the villages and on the farms1 wood ashes will still be harder to procure4 ,though not near so valuable for the purposes for which wood ashes is chiefly used in horticulture1 it is believed that ashes from the coal has too great a value to be wasted4 ,it should all be saved and applied to some good purpose on the garden or orchard4 ,has any one tried it as a preventive to pear blight8 or mildew on the gooseberry8 or the grape rot8 or for the yellows or leaf-curl in peach trees8 or for the rust in the blackberry and raspberry8 ,in any or all of these it may have a decided value1 and should be faithfully experimented with4 ,as an absorbent alone it ought to be worth saving1 to use in retaining the house slops and other liquid manures that are too often wasted4 ,,one ,,cause ,,of ,,failure in our orchard trees1 of which we read and hear so much in late years1 is doubtless to be found in the fact that we fail to feed them properly4 ,a hog will fail to put on fat if he is not fed2 a hen will not lay eggs if she is starved for food2 and is it more reasonable to expect an apple or a peach or a pear tree to thrive and grow and yield of its luscious fruit in perfection while it is being starved8 ,our fresh soils--some of them at least--contain a fair proportion of the food needed to support the life of a tree2 we plant our orchards1 and for some years1 more or less1 they give us paying returns for our investments4 ,but that food will not always last2 it is gradually exhausted1 and we fail to feed them again1 or in that proportion their necessities require4 ,they languish and die2 a disease seizes them1 and we complain and grumble at the dispensations of ,providence4 ,think of it1 fellow fruit-growers2 let us begin to treat our fruit trees as we do our hogs and our hens1 and see if we can not be favored with corresponding results4 ,it is doubtless true that many of the diseases to which our trees are subject are caused by starvation1 or by improper feeding2 and a sickly tree is much more certain to be attacked by insects than a healthy one4 ,rare1 indeed1 is the case where a tree is carefully fed and cared for1 and its wants regularly and bountifully supplied1 that it does not repay as bountifully in its life-giving fruits4 ,t4 ,g4 ,,pear ,,blight4 ,,the ,,two ,,theories ,,with ,,regard ,,to ,,its ,,cause1 ,,and ,,their ,,practical ,,value4 ,it is assumed that this pest has cost agriculturists many millions of dollars during the past decade2 not only in the loss of trees1 but the time--as it seldom appears until after the first crop--consequently the land1 manure1 labor1 enclosure1 and taxes are not insignificant items4 ,climate1 soil1 and cultivation have utterly failed1 so also the nostrums1 such as carbonate of lime suggested by the best authority1 and the experts now admit that parasites 7such as cause the rust or smut in our cereals7 are the cause of this mischief4 ,the only question is whether they act directly or indirectly3 this question determines whether it is remediable4 ,if these parasites accomplish all this mischief by direct contact1 as in the case of rust1 their ubiquitous character is so demonstrated that we are utterly discouraged2 whereas1 if we prove that their indirect action is the only one that is to be dreaded1 and that indirect action is remediable we are encouraged to cultivate the pear1 though we have lost more than five hundred of one variety and almost all of the other varieties before we discovered the real cause of the failure4 ,where you lose you may find2 success does not indicate merit1 and fools never learn by experience4 ,as a celebrated surgeon said in his lecture4 ,a good oculist is made at the expense of a hatful of eyes4 ,the celebrated ,johnson who wrote the ,encyclopedia of ,agriculture a few years since1 is now regarded as an old fogy1 because he assumed that the spores of smut travel from the manure and seed of the previous crop in the circulation of the plant to the capsule1 and thus convert the grain into a puff-ball1 so also the ears of corn1 the oats1 and rye4 ,this monstrosity on the rye grains is called ergot1 or spurred rye1 and when it is eaten by chickens or other fowls their feet and legs shrivel or perish with dry gangrene1 not because the spores of the fungus which produced the spurred rye circulate in the blood of the chicken1 nor that the spawn or mycelium thus traverses the fowl1 but the peculiar and specific influence acts upon the whole animal precisely like the poison of the poison oak1 producing its specific effect on the most remote parts of the system1 and not as mustard confined to the part it touches4 ,the mustard acts directly1 but the poison ,ivy acts indirectly2 so also the virus of cow-pox poisons the whole system1 but usually appears in but one spot unless the lymphatics of the whole arm are weak1 and in that case crops of umbilicated pustules precisely like the original1 may recur on all parts of the arm for several months4 ,the specific effect of ergot or the fungus when indirect is manifested by contracting and even strangulating the tubes or capillaries causing them to pucker up 7as a persimmon acts directly on the mouth71 but in this case permanently though indirectly1 so that rye bread sometimes causes dry gangrene in the human subject2 the shins and feet shrivel precisely as those parts of the limbs of the pear do1 moreover a dark fluid exudes 7as the circulation is arrested where a patch occurs7 in both cases alike1 consequently if the remedy in both cases is based on the same principles1 and is demonstrated to be equally effectual1 the cause and the disease are similar4 ,i have seen dry gangrene in the human subject originate apparently from an old frost bite2 which means merely chronic debility of the capillaries of the foot or shin4 ,thus the extremities of the pear1 or the weakest part1 always succumb first1 and the most vigorous trees never manifest it until they are weakened by their first crop of fruit4 ,all are familiar with the fact that an old frost bite will swell or succumb to a temperature which will be innocuous to any other part of the body4 ,the microscope may invariably reveal fungi in the patch of pear blight precisely as the housewife discovers the mold plant in her preserves and canned fruit1 and even in the eggs of fowls1 the mycelium 7or spawn7 penetrating the fruit or preserve though it be covered while boiling hot4 ,if so1 the reason why all parts of the tree are not attacked at the same time1 is not because the fungus is not ubiquitous4 ,we first notice the action of strychnia in the legs1 or in paralyzed limbs exclusively1 because they are weaker and become subject to its influence more easily2 so also the same tree may escape for a long time after the limb which has succumbed is removed4 ,moreover the grafts1 however numerous1 may all be blighted1 but the standard seedling on which so many varieties were grafted has survived more than fifty winters1 and it fruited last year4 ,,david ,,stewart1 ,m4 ,d4 ,,port ,,penn1 ,,del4 ,,treatment ,,of ,,tree ,,wounds4 ,valuable trees that have been wounded or mutilated are often sacrificed for lack of the discreet surgery which would repair the injury they have suffered2 and ,professor ,c4 ,a4 ,sargent1 of the ,bussey ,institution1 has done good service to farmers1 fruit-raisers1 and landscape-gardeners1 by translating from the ,french the following practical hints1 which we give with slight abridgment3 ,bark once injured or loosened can never attach itself again to the trunk2 and whenever wounds1 abrasures1 or sections of loose bark exist on the trunk of a tree1 the damaged part should be cut away cleanly1 as far as the injury extends4 ,careful persons have been known to nail to a tree a piece of loosened bark1 in hope of inducing it to grow again1 or at least of retaining on the young wood its natural covering4 ,unfortunately the result produced by this operation is exactly opposite to that intended4 ,the decaying wood and bark attract thousands of insects1 which find here safe shelter and abundant food1 and1 increasing rapidly1 hasten the death of the tree4 ,in such cases1 instead of refastening the loosened bark to the tree1 it should be entirely cut away1 care being taken to give the cut a regular outline1 especially on the lower side2 for if a portion of the bark1 even if adhering to the wood1 is left without direct communication with the leaves1 it must die and decay4 ,a coating of coal-tar should be applied to such wounds4 ,,loosened ,,bark4--,it is necessary to frequently examine the lower portions of the trunk1 especially of trees beginning to grow old2 for here is often found the cause of death in many trees1 in large sheets of bark entirely separated from the trunk4 ,this condition of things1 which often can not be detected1 except by the hollow sound produced by striking the trunk with the back of the iron pruning-knife1 arrests the circulation of sap1 while the cavity between the bark and the wood furnishes a safe retreat for a multitude of insects1 which hasten the destruction of the tree4 ,the dead bark should be entirely removed1 even should it be necessary1 in so doing1 to make large wounds4 ,cases of this nature require the treatment recommended for the last class4 ,,cavities ,,in ,,the ,,trunk4--,very often1 when a tree has been long neglected1 the trunk is seriously injured by cavities caused by the decay of dead or broken branches4 ,it is not claimed that pruning can remove defects of this nature2 it can with proper application1 however1 arrest the progress of the evil4 ,the edge of the cavity should be cut smooth and even2 and all decomposed matter1 or growth of new bark formed in the interior1 should be carefully removed4 ,a coating of coal-tar should be applied to the surface of the cavity1 and the mouth plugged with a piece of well-seasoned oak securely driven into the place4 ,the end of the plug should then be carefully pared smooth and covered with coal-tar1 precisely as if the stump of a branch were under treatment4 ,if the cavity is too large to be closed in this manner1 a piece of thoroughly seasoned oak board1 carefully fitted to it1 may be securely nailed into the opening1 and then covered with coal-tar4 ,it is often advisable to guard against the attacks of insects by nailing a piece of zinc or other metal over the board in such a way that the growth of the new wood will in time completely cover it4 ,coal-tar1 a waste product of gas-works1 can be applied with an ordinary painter's brush1 and may be used cold1 except in very cold weather1 when it should be slightly warmed before application4 ,coal-tar has remarkable preservative properties1 and may be used with equal advantage on living and dead wood4 ,a single application1 without penetrating deeper than ordinary paint1 forms an impervious coating to the wood-cells1 which would1 without such covering1 under external influences1 soon become channels of decay4 ,this simple application then produces a sort of instantaneous cauterization1 and preserves from decay wounds caused either in pruning or by accident4 ,the odor of coal-tar drives away insects1 or prevents them1 by complete adherence to the wood1 from injuring it4 ,after long and expensive experiments1 the director of the parks of the city of ,paris finally1 in #ahfc1 adopted coal-tar1 in preference to other preparations used1 for covering tree wounds4 ,in the case of stone fruit trees it should1 however1 be used with considerable caution1 especially on plum trees4 ,it should not be allowed to needlessly run down the trunk2 and it is well to remember1 that the more active a remedy is the greater should be the care in its application4 ,the practice of leaving a short stump to an amputated branch1 adopted by some to prevent the loss of sap1 although less objectionable in the case of coniferous trees than in that of others1 should never be adopted4 ,such stumps must be cut again the following year close to the trunk1 or cushions of wood will form about their base1 covering the trunk with protuberances4 ,these greatly injure the appearance and value of the tree1 and necessitate1 should it be found desirable1 the removal1 later on1 of such excrescences1 causing wounds two or three times as large as an original cut close to the trunk would have made4 ,,the ,,tomato ,,pack ,,of #ahhc4 ,through the co-operation of packers in all parts of the ,united ,states1 the ,american ,grocer was enabled to present its annual statement of the #ahhc pack of tomatoes some weeks earlier than usual4 ,despite a cold1 backward spring1 unusually low temperature throughout the summer1 with cool nights in ,august and ,september1 drouth in some sections1 early and severe frosts in others1 the trade is called upon to solve the question3 ,can the demand absorb a supply of three million cases8 ,the pack of #ahhc is heavily in excess of that of #ahhb1 due to an increase in the number packers1 and to an unusually heavy yield in ,new ,jersey and ,delaware4 ,in detail1 the result in the different ,states is as follows3 ,cases1 two doz4 each4 ,maryland #a1dej1jjj ,new ,jersey #fab1gjc ,delaware #aef1cia ,california #aag1jjj ,ohio #aab1jjj ,indiana #ij1jjj ,virginia #ge1jjj ,kansas #fe1jjj ,new ,york #ei1cdd ,iowa #dg1ibe ,missouri #cd1ejj ,michigan #cj1gjj ,massachusetts #be1jjj ,canada #bj1jjj ,connecticut #ah1jjj ,illinois #ad1eaf ,pennsylvania #ae1jjj --------- ,total #b1idc1egi ,the above total of #b1idc1egi cases1 of two dozen tins each represents seventy million1 six hundred and forty-five thousand1 eight hundred and ninety-six cans1 as the minimum quantity of canned tomatoes packed in the ,united ,states this year4 ,never in recent years have the holdings of the jobbers been as light as at present4 ,undoubtedly there is an unusually large stock of tomatoes in packers' hands1 but there are innumerable parties in all the great centers of trade ready to take hold freely at #hj cents4 ,at no time has the stock of extra brands been equal to the inquiry1 and hence we have seen the anomaly of a range in prices of from #hj cents to #a4dj per dozen4 ,there is room for improvement in quality1 as well as for methods of marketing the large production of ,harford county4 ,a move in the right direction has been started by the forming of associations1 which seek to build extensive warehouses and aid weak packers to carry stock1 instead of forcing it upon a dull market4 ,three million cases or seventy-two million cans means a supply of only one and two-fifths cans per capita per annum1 or seven cans per annum for every family of five persons4 ,with tomatoes retailing from #h to #ae cents per can1 the consumption could reach three times that quantity1 and then each family would only find tomatoes upon its bill of fare once every fortnight4 ,while many packers have failed to secure a fair return for their work1 others have been well paid4 ,some few have made heavy losses1 and will1 in the future1 be less inclined to bet against wet weather1 drought and frost4 ,if general business is good during the first half of #ahhd1 ,the ,grocer can see no good reason why the stock of tomatoes should not go into consumption between #he cents and #a per dozen for standards4 ,any marked advance would be sure to check demand1 and1 therefore1 low prices must rule if the stock is absorbed prior to the receipt of #ahhd packing4 ,the year closes with ,maryland packed obtainable from #ge to #he cents2 ,new ,jersey and ,delaware1 #ij to #ie cents2 fancy brands1 #a4aj to #a4ce1 delivered on dock in ,new ,york4 ,,sweating ,,apples4 ,according to the ,popular ,science ,news1 apples do not sweat after they are gathered in the autumn4 ,here is an account of what takes place with them4 ,the skin of a sound apple is practically a protective covering1 and designed for a two-fold purpose3 first1 to prevent the ingress of air and moisture to the tender cellular structure of the fruit2 and1 second1 to prevent the loss of juices by exudation4 ,there is no such process as sweating in fruits4 ,when men or animals sweat1 they become covered with moisture passing through the skin2 when an apple becomes covered with moisture1 it is due to condensation of moisture from without4 ,apples taken from trees in a cool day remain at the temperature of the air until a change to a higher temperature occurs1 and then condensation of moisture from the warmer air circulating around the fruit occurs1 just as moisture gathers upon the outside of an ice-pitcher in summer4 ,this explains the whole matter2 and the vulgar notion of fruits sweating should be dispelled from the mind4 ,it is almost impossible to gather apples under such conditions of temperature that they will not condense moisture after being placed in barrels4 ,it would be better if this result could be avoided1 as dryness of fruit is essential to its protracted keeping4 ,our northern autumns are characterized by changes from hot to cold1 and these occur suddenly4 ,the days are hot1 and the nights cool1 and this favors condensation4 ,apples picked on a moderately cool day1 and placed in a moderately cool shed1 protected from the sun1 will not gather moisture1 and this is the best method to pursue when practicable4 ,,prunings4 ,mr4 ,n4 ,atwell1 one of the ,michigan commissioners1 whose duty it is to look after the peach districts of that ,state and check if possible the ravages of the destructive disease known as yellows1 claims that there is no known remedy1 and that the only safe plan is to uproot and burn the trees upon the first appearance of the disease4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if you are going to set a new orchard this spring1 remember that it is an excellent thing to prepare a plan of the orchard1 showing the position of each tree1 its variety1 etc4 ,if a tree dies it can be replaced by one of the same sort4 ,some fruit-raisers keep a book in which they register the age and variety of every tree in the orchard1 together with any items in regard to their grafting1 productiveness1 treatment1 etc41 which are thought to be desirable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cor4 ,california ,rural ,press3 ,the first generation of codling moth begins to fly about the first of ,may4 ,to make sure gather some in the chrysalis state in ,march or ,april1 put in a jar1 and set the jar in a place where you will see it every day4 ,when they begin to have wings1 prepare your traps thus3 ,the half of a kerosene can with the tin bent in at the top an inch2 a half inch of kerosene in the can1 a little flat lamp near the oil4 ,the light reflected from the bright tin will draw the moth five rods at least4 ,if your orchard is forty rods square1 sixteen traps will do the work4 ,the moth will fly about the light until it touches the oil4 ,this will end it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,industrial ,south has the following in relation to ,albemarle and ,nelson 7,virginia7 apple orchards in the space of fifteen square miles3 ,what would you think of an orchard planted1 if not since the war1 as ,i think it was1 a very short time before1 and away up on the side of the ,blue ,ridge1 that to look from below you would think of insuring your neck before setting out to it1 producing eighteen hundred barrels8 ,this was the produce of picked fruit1 to say nothing of the fallen--enough to keep a big drying establishment running for months4 ,these are true figures--and it is the property of a worthy citizen of ,richmond1 who1 in its management1 has cause to exclaim ab imo pectore1 save me from my friends4 ,then there is another from which the owner1 with a dryer of his own1 has sold five thousand dollars of the proceeds besides cider1 vinegar1 and brandy4 ,there is yet another1 that the lady-owner sold as the fruit hung in the orchard1 for forty-five hundred dollars4 ,the fruit in the area referred to brought over fifty thousand dollars1 bought by the agent of a ,new ,york house1 and doubtless much of it will reach ,europe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,prof4 ,cook in the ,new ,york ,tribune3 ,the ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,meech writes that he has seen in several papers of high standing the beetle ,saperdabivitati1 parent of the borer1 described as a a miller--a mistake very misleading to those who are seeking knowledge of insect pests4 ,he adds that among hundreds of quince trees growing he has had but three touched by this enemy in eight years4 ,he simply takes the precaution to keep grass and weeds away from the collar of the tree1 so that there is no convenient harbor for the beetle to hide in while at the secret work of egg-laying4 ,he thinks a wrap of petroleum paper around the collar would be found a preventive1 as it is not only disagreeable but hinders access to the place where the eggs are deposited4 ,it is an unfortunate error to refer to a beetle as a moth4 ,it would be better if all would recognize the distinction between bug and beetle1 and between worms and larva1 in writing popular articles4 ,i notice that some of the editors of medical journals are referring to bacteria as bugs4 ,surely reform is needed4 ,i am not so sure of ,mr4 ,meech's remedy4 ,i imagine that fortune1 not his pains1 is to be thanked for his grubless trees4 ,i have known this borer to do very serious mischief where the most perfect culture was practised4 ,the caustic wash is much safer than a petroleum wrap4 ,the eggs are often laid high up on the trunk or even on the branches4 ,nothing is better for the borers than the soap and carbolic acid mixture4 ,illustration ,,floriculture4 ,gleanings by an ,old ,florist4 ,,smilax ,,and ,,its ,,uses4 ,smilax1 as now used by florists1 is but a very recent affair4 ,although introduced first into ,europe from the ,cape of ,good ,hope as early as #agjb1 it remained for the florist of our time to find out its great adaptability for decoration and other uses in his art or calling4 ,to ,boston florists belong the credit of its first extensive culture and use1 and for several years they may be said to have had the monopoly of its trade1 and ,boston smilax1 along with ,boston tea roses1 which was pre-eminently the variety called the ,bon ,silene1 was1 for years1 shipped to this and other cities4 ,it is scarcely a decade of years ago1 in this city1 when a batch of one hundred strings could not be bought here1 home-grown2 now there would be no difficulty in getting thousands4 ,like everything else of like character1 the first introducers reaped a golden harvest1 so far as price is concerned1 having often obtained a dollar a string2 while now1 the standard price1 even in mid winter1 is #b per dozen1 and often in quantity1 it can be obtained at less4 ,but where there was one string used then1 there are now thousands4 ,in olden times the florist was often put to his wits to find material to go around his made-up pieces and for relief as a green2 now1 everything green is smilax1 and it must be confessed1 that with the choice ferns1 begonia leaves1 and the like1 that he used to have to prepare with1 his work then was really often in better taste1 so far as relief to flowers is concerned1 with the old material than the new4 ,but for the purpose of festooning buildings1 churches1 and the like1 smilax is by all odds the very thing wanted1 and as much ahead of the old-time evergreen wreathing1 that we had to use1 as the methods now in use for obtaining cut flowers are ahead of the old4 ,it is hard to say what the florist could do without smilax1 so indispensable has it become4 ,there are now probably twenty of the principal growers of this city that have at least one house in smilax1 who will cut not less than three thousand strings in a winter1 while of the balance of smaller fry enough to make up the total to #ajj1jjj strings per year4 ,in times of scarcity of material1 it is cut not over three feet long2 again1 when the supply exceeds the demand1 the buyer will often get it six to nine feet long1 and at a lower price than he can buy the short--supply and demand ruling price1 as a rule1 between #a and #c per dozen4 ,the plant now under consideration is called1 botanically1 ,myrsiphyllum asparagoides2 by common usage it is called smilax1 although not even a member of the true smilax family1 some of which are natives of this country4 ,the plant seeds readily1 hence every one who grows smilax may1 by leaving two or three strings uncut1 grow his own seed2 it is then sure to be fresh--which is sometimes not the case when purchased4 ,the seed is more likely to germinate if soaked twelve hours in warm water or milk before sowing4 ,a bed may be formed any time of the year1 but the usual custom is to prepare it so as to be ready to cut1 say1 in the fall1 for the first time4 ,take a pan or shallow box and sow the seed any time during the winter before ,march4 ,when well up1 so they can be handled1 transplant into small pots1 and from these shift into larger1 say to three or four inch pots4 ,keep the shoots pinched back so as to form a stout1 bushy plant4 ,during winter they will require an artificial temperature of not less than #ej degrees4 ,when summer comes they may be kept in the house or stand out of doors until the bed in which they are to grow is ready4 ,this may be prepared any time most desirable1 but if to cut first in the fall1 so manage it that they may have two or three months to perfect their growth4 ,the common practice is to give the whole house to the use of the plant1 but this may be varied at pleasure1 growing either the center bunch1 the front bunch1 or both1 as may be desirable4 ,the best soil is decayed sod from a pasture enriched with cow manure4 ,it requires no benches to grow this plant2 all that is necessary is to inclose the space designed by putting up boards one foot high to form a coping to hold the soil4 ,into this the plants are set evenly over the entire space1 in rows nine inches to one foot apart4 ,at the time of planting1 a stake is driven into and even with the soil at each plant1 being careful to have them in true lines both ways1 and driven deep enough to be quite firm2 on the top of this stake is driven a small nail or hook4 ,directly over each nail1 in the rafter of the house1 or a strip nailed to them for the purpose1 is placed another nail1 and between the two a cord similar to that used by druggists or the like--but green1 if possible1 in color1 for obvious reasons--is stretched as taught as may be1 so that when finished the whole house or space used is occupied by these naked strings1 on which1 as the growth proceeds1 the plants entwine themselves4 ,some care will be required at first to get them started1 after which they will usually push on themselves4 ,the most convenient height of the rafters above the soil is from four to ten feet1 which will give long enough strings1 and1 what is important for quick growth1 keep the plants when young not too far from the glass4 ,in planting1 some make a difference of a month or two in the time1 so that the crop may not come in all at once2 but usually the plants will vary some in their growth1 and hence1 by cutting the largest first1 the same result is obtained4 ,if a heat of #ee degrees can be obtained as a minimum1 and care is taken in keeping a moist1 growing temperature1 a crop can be taken off every three months at least4 ,so as soon as ready to cut and a market can be obtained for the crop1 strings should be strung again at once1 leaving some of the smaller shoots when cutting for a starter of the next crop4 ,like everything else1 heavy cropping requires heavy manuring1 and hence a rich compost should be added to the soil at each cutting4 ,some plant their beds fresh every year1 others leave them longer4 ,the root is perennial in character1 and consists of fleshy tubers1 not unlike asparagus1 and may be divided for the new beds2 but the general practice is to grow new plants4 ,always beware of buying old1 dry roots1 as they will sometimes refuse to grow1 even if they look green and fresh4 ,with many1 in cutting1 the practice is to cut clear through at the bottom1 string and all1 then by a deft movement of the hands the smilax is slipped from the string which1 with the addition of a foot or two to tie again1 is at once ready for the next1 while others bring to market string and all1 these being simply matters of practice or convenience4 ,,edgar ,,sanders4 99 99 99 99 99 ,was ,noah's voyage an arktic expedition8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our ,,new ,,clubbing ,,list ,,for #ahhd4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,in ,,connection ,,with ,,other ,,journals4 ,we offer more liberal terms than ever before to those who desire to take1 in connection with ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 either of the following weekly or monthly periodicals4 ,in all cases the order for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer and either of the following named journals must be sent together1 accompanied by the money2 but we do not require both papers to be sent to the same person or to the same post-office4 ,we send specimen copies only of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,our responsibility for other publications ceases on the receipt of the first number2 when such journals are not received within a reasonable time1 notify us1 giving date of your order1 also full name and address of subscriber4 ,,weeklies4 ,price of ,the two the two4 for ,harper's ,weekly #f #jj #d #fj ,harper's ,bazar #f #jj #d #fj ,harper's ,young ,people #c #ej #b #ee ,new ,york ,tribune #d #jj #b #ej ,toledo ,blade #d #jj #b #bj ,chicago ,times #c #be #b #ej ,chicago ,tribune #c #ej #b #ej ,chicago ,inter-,ocean #c #ae #b #ej ,chicago ,journal #c #be #b #ej ,peck's ,sun #c #ge #c #jj ,milwaukee ,sentinel #c #jj #b #ej ,western ,farmer 7,madison1 ,wis47 #c #jj #b #jj ,burlington ,hawkeye #d #jj #c #jj ,the ,continent 7,weekly ,magazine7 #f #jj #e #jj ,detroit ,free ,press1 with ,supplement #d #jj #b #ej ,detroit ,free ,press1 ,state edition #c #ej #b #bj ,louisville ,courier-,journal #c #ge #c #jj ,st4 ,louis ,globe-,democrat #c #jj #b #ae ,st4 ,louis ,republican #c #jj #b #ae ,scientific ,american #e #bj #d #ae ,interior 7,presbyterian7 #d #ej #c #fj ,standard 7,baptist7 #d #gj #c #fj ,advance 7,congregational7 #e #jj #c #ce ,alliance #d #jj #c #jj ,new ,york ,independent #e #jj #d #jj ,christian ,union 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,agriculturist #c #ej #b #ej ,poultry ,world #c #be #b #ge ,arthur's ,home ,magazine #d #jj #c #jj ,andrews' ,bazar #c #jj #b #dj ,frank ,leslie's ,popular ,monthly #e #jj #d #jj ,frank ,leslie's ,sunday ,magazine #e #jj #d #jj ,frank ,leslie's ,ladies' ,magazine #d #ej #d #jj ,our ,little ,ones #c #ej #c #jj ,peterson's ,magazine #d #jj #c #cj ,art ,amateur #f #jj #e #jj ,demorest's ,magazine #d #jj #c #jj ,dio ,lewis' ,monthly #d #ej #c #ej ,for clubbing price with any publication in the ,united ,states not included in the above list send us inquiry on postal card4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,one ,,cent invested in a postal card and addressed as below ,,will give to the writer full information as to the best lands in the ,united ,states now for sale2 how he can ,,buy them on the lowest and best terms1 also the full text of the ,u4 ,s4 land laws and how to secure #cbj ,,acres of ,government ,lands in ,northwestern ,minnesota and ,northeastern ,dakota4 ,,address3 ,,james ,b4 ,,power1 ,land and ,emigration ,commissioner1 ,,st4 ,,paul1 ,,minn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,consumption4 ,i have a positive remedy for the above disease2 by its use thousands of cases of the worst kind and of long standing have been cured4 ,indeed1 so strong is my faith in its efficacy1 that ,i will send ,,two ,,bottles ,,free1 together with a ,,valuable ,,treatise on this disease1 to any sufferer4 ,give ,express ,p4 ,o4 address1 ,,dr4 ,t4 ,a4 ,,slocum1 #aha ,pearl ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,now is the time to ,subscribe for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,price only #b4jj per year is worth double in money4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publishers' ,,notice4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is printed and published by ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,publishing ,company1 every ,saturday1 at ,no4 #aej ,monroe ,street4 ,subscription1 #b4jj per year1 in advance1 postage prepaid4 ,subscribers wishing their addresses changed should give their old as well as new addresses4 ,advertising1 #be cents per line on inside pages2 #cj cents per line on last page--agate measure2 #ad lines to the inch4 ,no less charge than #b4jj4 ,all ,communications1 ,remittances1 etc41 should be addressed to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,company1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,,entered ,,at ,,the ,,chicago ,,post ,,office ,,as ,,second-,,class ,,matter4 ,,chicago1 ,,january #ai1 #ahhd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,when ,,subscriptions ,,expire4 ,,we ,,have ,,several ,,calls ,,for ,,an ,,explanation ,,of ,,the ,,figures ,,following ,,the ,,name ,,of ,,subscribers ,,as ,,printed ,,upon ,,this ,,paper ,,each ,,week4 ,,the ,,first ,,two ,,figures ,,indicate ,,the ,,volume1 ,,and ,,the ,,last ,,figure ,,or ,,figures ,,the ,,number ,,of ,,the ,,last ,,paper ,,of ,,that ,,volume ,,for ,,which ,,the ,,subscriber ,,has ,,paid3 ,,example3 ,,john ,,smith1 #ef--bf4 ,,john ,,has ,,paid ,,for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,to ,,the ,,first ,,of ,,july ,,of ,,the ,,present ,,year1 ,,volume #ef4 ,,any ,,subscriber ,,can ,,at ,,once ,,tell ,,when ,,his ,,subscription ,,expires ,,by ,,referring ,,to ,,volume ,,and ,,number ,,as ,,given ,,on ,,first ,,page ,,of ,,the ,,paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,original location of ,table of ,contents4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahda4 #ahhd4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,prospectus ,,for #ahhd4 ,,see ,,inducements ,,offered ,,subscribe ,,now4 ,for forty-three years ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer has stood at the front in agricultural journalism4 ,it has kept pace with the progress and development of the country1 holding its steady course through all these forty-three years1 encouraging1 counseling1 and educating its thousands of readers4 ,it has labored earnestly in the interest of all who are engaged in the rural industries of the country1 and that it has labored successfully is abundantly shown by the prominence and prestige it has achieved1 and the hold it has upon the agricultural classes4 ,its managers are conscious from comparison with other journals of its class1 and from the uniform testimony of its readers1 that it is foremost among the farm and home papers of the country4 ,it will not be permitted to lose this proud position2 we shall spare no efforts to maintain its usefulness and make it indispensable to farmers1 stock-raisers1 feeders1 dairymen1 horticulturalists1 gardeners1 and all others engaged in rural pursuits4 ,it will enter upon its forty-fourth year under auspices1 in every point of view1 more encouraging than ever before in its history4 ,its mission has always been1 and will continue to be-- ,to discuss the most approved practices in all agricultural and horticultural pursuits4 ,to set forth the merits of the best breeds of domestic animals1 and to elucidate the principles of correct breeding and management4 ,to further the work of agricultural and horticultural organization4 ,to advocate industrial education in the correct sense of the term4 ,to lead the van in the great contest of the people against monopolies and the unjust encroachments of capital4 ,to discuss the events and questions of the day without fear or favor4 ,to provide information concerning the public domain1 ,western soil1 climate1 water1 railroads1 schools1 churches1 and society4 ,to answer inquiries on all manner of subjects coming within its sphere4 ,to furnish the latest and most important industrial news at home and abroad4 ,to give full and reliable crop1 weather1 and market reports4 ,to present the family with pure1 choice1 and interesting literature4 ,to amuse and instruct the young folks4 ,to gather and condense the general news of the day4 ,to be1 in brief1 an indispensable and unexceptionable farm and home companion for the people of the whole country4 ,the style and form of the paper are now exactly what they should be4 ,the paper used is of superior quality4 ,the type is bold and clear4 ,the illustrations are superb4 ,the departments are varied and carefully arranged4 ,the editorial force is large and capable4 ,the list of contributors is greatly increased1 and embraces a stronger array of talent than is employed on any similar paper in this country4 ,we challenge comparison with any agricultural journal in the land4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is designed for all sections of the country4 ,in entering upon the campaign of #ahhd1 we urge all patrons and friends to continue their good works in extending the circulation of our paper4 ,on our part we promise to leave nothing undone that it is possible for faithful1 earnest work--aided by money and every needed mechanical facility--to do to make the paper in every respect still better than it has ever been before4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,special ,,notice ,to each ,subscriber who will remit us #b4jj between now and ,february #ast1 #ahhd1 we will mail a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,for ,,one ,,year1 ,,and ,,one ,,of ,,our ,,new ,,standard ,,time ,,commercial ,,maps ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada--showing all the ,counties1 ,railroads1 and ,principal ,towns up to date4 ,this comprehensive map embraces all the country from the ,pacific ,coast to ,eastern ,new ,brunswick1 and as far north as the parallel of #eb deg41 crossing ,hudson's ,bay4 ,british ,columbia2 ,manitoba1 with its many new settlements2 and the line of the ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 completed and under construction1 are accurately and distinctly delineated4 ,it extends so far south as to ,include ,key ,west and more than half of the ,republic of ,mexico4 ,it is eminently adapted for home1 school1 and office purposes4 ,the retail price of the ,map alone is #b4jj4 ,size1 #eh #da inches4 ,scale1 about sixty miles to one inch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,read ,,this4 ,,another ,,special ,,offer4 ,illustration ,,the ,,little ,,detective4 ,,weighs #a_/d ,,oz4 ,,to #be ,,lbs4 ,every housekeeper ought to have this very useful scale4 ,the weight of article bought or sold may readily be known4 ,required proportions in culinary operations are accurately ascertained4 ,we have furnished hundreds of them to subscribers1 and they give entire satisfaction4 ,during ,january1 #ahhd1 to any person sending us ,,three ,,subscribers1 at #b4jj each1 we will give one of these scales1 and to each of the three subscribers ,ropp's ,calculator1 ,no4 #a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,renew6 ,,renew66 ,remember that every yearly subscriber1 either new or renewing1 sending us #b1 receives a splendid new map of the ,united ,states and ,canada--#eh #da inches--,,free4 ,or1 if preferred1 one of the books offered in another column4 ,it is not necessary to wait until a subscription expires before renewing4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we ,,want ,,agents in every locality4 ,we offer very liberal terms and good pay4 ,send for sample copies and terms to agents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,will ,,you ,read about ,patrick ,barry1 about the corn-root worm1 about mistakes in drainage1 about the change in prize rings at the ,fat ,stock ,show1 about improvement in horses1 about the value of #ahhc corn for pork making1 about ,fanny ,field's ,plymouth ,rocks1 about the way to make the best bee hive1 about that eccentric old fellow ,cavendish1 about the every day life of the great ,darwin1 about making home ornaments and nice things for the little folks8 ,will you ,read the poems1 the jokes1 the news1 the markets1 the editorials1 the answers to correspondents8 ,in short1 will you ,read the entire paper and then sit down and think it all over and see if you do not conclude that this single number is worth what the paper has cost you for the whole year8 ,then tell your neighbors about it1 show it to them and ask them to subscribe for it4 ,tell them that they will also get for the #b a copy of our superb map4 ,by doing this you can double our subscription list in a single week4 ,,will ,,you8 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,illinois ,state ,board of ,agriculture will hold a meeting at the ,sherman ,house in ,chicago1 on the #dth of ,march next4 ,the principal business of the meeting will be to complete arrangements for the next ,state ,fair and the ,fat ,stock ,show4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the annual meeting of the ,northern ,illinois ,horticultural ,society will be held at ,elgin ,tuesday1 ,january #bb;d and continuing three days4 ,kindred societies are invited to send delegates1 and a large general attendance is solicited4 ,further particulars will be gladly received by ,s4 ,m4 ,slade1 ,president1 ,elgin1 or ,d4 ,wilmot ,scott1 ,secretary1 ,galena4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,brooklyn ,board of ,health petitions ,congress to appropriate a sufficient amount of money to stamp out contagious pleuro-pneumonia and provide for the appointment of a number of veterinarians to inspect all herds in infected districts1 to indemnify owners for cattle slaughtered by the ,government1 and to forbid the movement of all cattle out of any infected ,state which will not take measures to stamp out the disease4 99 99 99 99 99 ,secretary ,l4 ,a4 ,goodman1 of the ,missouri ,state ,horticultural ,society writes ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer that on the #eth of ,january the mercury at ,westport1 ,wis41 indicated #bf degrees below zero1 the lowest point ever recorded there4 ,he adds3 ,the peaches are killed1 as are the blackberries4 ,cherries are injured very much and the raspberries also4 ,the dry ,september checked the growth of the berries and sun-burned them some1 and now the cold hurts them badly4 ,apples are all right yet and prospects for good crop are excellent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it may be of interest to many readers to know that the ,i4 ,st4 ,l4 ,r4 ,r4 will sell tickets from ,indianapolis and intermediate points to ,st4 ,louis1 to persons attending the meeting of the ,mississippi ,valley ,horticultural ,society1 at one and one-third rates4 ,mr4 ,ragan informs us that this is the only railroad line from central ,indiana that offers a reduction of fare4 ,the ,missouri ,pacific system of roads1 including the ,wabash1 and embracing about ten thousand miles of road1 extending as far north and east as ,chicago1 ,detroit and ,toledo1 and as far south and west as ,new ,orleans1 ,galveston and ,el ,paso1 will return members in attendance1 who have paid full fare over these lines1 at one cent a mile1 upon the certificate of the ,secretary of the ,society4 ,the ,chicago ,alton1 ,c41 ,b4 ,q41 ,keokuk1 ,st4 ,l4 ,n4 ,w41 ,chicago1 ,b4 ,k4 ,c41 ,illinois ,central1 ,cairo ,short ,line1 and ,hannibal ,st4 ,joe roads will return members on the same terms4 ,the ,ohio ,mississippi will sell tickets to ,st4 ,louis and return at one and one-third fare1 to members indorsed by the ,secretary4 ,the ,louisville and ,nashville will give reduced rates to members applying to its ,general ,passenger ,agent1 ,c4 ,p4 ,atmore1 of ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,,the ,,wealth ,,of ,,the ,,nation4 ,the ,census ,bureau and ,bradstreet's agency have made from the most accurate examination possible an estimate of the wealth and business of the nation3 ,aggregate wealth of the ,united ,states in #ahhj was #dc1fdb1jjj1jjj 7forty thousand and a half billions72 the total amount of capital invested in business was #h1agg1jjj1jjj 7over eight billions72 and the number of persons engaged in commercial business was #gjc1hbh4 ,twenty-two per cent of all the business capital of the country is credited to the ,state of ,new ,york4 ,massachusetts ranks second1 ,pennsylvania third1 ,ohio fourth1 ,illinois fifth1 and ,michigan sixth4 ,the aggregate business capital of these six ,states was #e1aac1jhg1jjj1 leaving to all the other ,states #c1jfc1ibc1jjj4 ,the total recorded number of traders in the ,united ,states in ,june1 #ahhj--those having distinctive position in the commercial or industrial community--was #gjc1cbh2 a trifle over #dj per cent were in the ,western ,states4 ,for the ,united ,states as a whole the average amount of capital employed to each venture--as indicated by the aggregate of capital in the country invested in trade 7as explained in the table compiled from the forthcoming census work7 and the total number of individuals1 firms1 and corporations engaged in business--is1 in round numbers1 #aa1fjj4 ,the wealth of the country is1 or was ,june #a1 #ahhj1 distributed as follows3 ,millions4 ,farms #aj1aig ,residence and business real estate1 capital employed in business1 including water-power #i1hha ,railroads and equipment #e1ecf ,telegraphs1 shipping1 and canals #daj ,live stock1 whether on or off farms1 farming tools and machinery #b1djf ,household furniture1 paintings1 books1 clothing1 jewelry1 household supplies of food1 fuel1 etc4 #e1jjj ,mines 7including petroleum wells7 and quarries1 together with one-half of the annual product reckoned as the average supply on hand #ghj ,three-quarters of the annual product of agriculture and manufactures1 and of the annual importation of foreign goods1 assumed to be the average supply on hand #f1afj ,churches1 schools1 asylums1 public buildings of all kinds1 and other real estate exempt from taxation #b1jjj ,specie #fab ,miscellaneous items1 including tools of mechanics #fej ------- ,total #dc1fdb ,it will thus be seen that the farms of the ,united ,states comprise nearly one-fourth of its entire wealth4 ,they are worth nearly double the combined capital and equipments of all the railroads1 telegraphs1 shipping1 and canals2 more than double all the household furniture1 paintings1 books1 clothing1 jewelry1 and supplies of food1 fuel1 etc4 ,the live stock is more valuable than all the church property1 school houses1 asylums1 and public buildings of all kinds2 more than all the mines1 telegraph companies1 shipping1 and canals combined4 ,it would take more than three times as much hard money as the nation possesses to purchase all these domestic animals4 ,the farms and live stock together exceed the value of any two other interests in the country4 ,,contagious ,,animal ,,diseases4 ,congress seems bound to act at once upon the question of protection to domestic animals from contagious diseases4 ,the pressure brought to bear upon members is enormous1 and cannot be ignored4 ,the action of ,european ,states on swine importation from ,america1 the restrictions on the landing of ,american cattle in ,england1 and the strong effort being made there to prohibit their introduction altogether1 the known existence of pleuro-pneumonia in several of the ,atlantic ,states1 the unceasing clamor of our shippers and growers of live stock1 all conspire to open the eyes of the average ,congressman to the fact that something must be done4 ,mr4 ,singleton1 of ,illinois1 must be something above or below the average ,congressman1 if the report is correct that he does not believe pleuro-pneumonia exists anywhere within the borders of the ,united ,states1 and that he is willing to back his non-belief by a thousand dollars forfeit1 if an animal suffering from the disease can be shown him4 ,the former owner of ,silver ,heels1 and breeder of fine horses and cattle at his ,quincy farm1 must have his eyes shaded and his ears obstructed by that broad brimmed hat1 that has so long covered his silvered head and marble brow4 ,the world do move1 nevertheless1 and pleuro-pneumonia does prevail in this country to such an extent as to furnish a reasonable excuse for unfriendly legislation abroad1 and we gain nothing by denying the fact1 the ,allerton and ,singleton assertions to the contrary1 notwithstanding4 ,,iowa ,,state ,,fair4 ,at the late meeting of the ,iowa ,state ,agricultural ,society1 ,president ,smith strongly advocated the permanent location of the ,state ,fair4 ,he thought it had been hawked about long enough for the purpose of giving different cities a chance to skin the people4 ,the ,legislature should aid the society in purchasing grounds4 ,ample ground should be purchased1 as the fair is growing1 and they should not be governed solely by our present demands4 ,secretary ,shaffer touched briefly on the weather of last summer1 the acreage and yield of crops1 the demonstration of the futility of trying to acclimatize ,southern seed-corn in the ,north1 and the appointment of a ,state entomologist4 ,he thought the ,state should assist the society in distributing its publications4 ,the improvement of the ,mississippi river was briefly handled4 ,the state of the corn during the past year1 the seeding1 the yield1 etc41 were summarized by months4 ,the corn crop was a failure4 ,the sorghum industry in its various bearings was discussed4 ,iowa will yet1 he said1 produce its own sugar4 ,the question was raised whether the ,state should not encourage the growth of ,northern cane4 ,the sheep industry and its peril from worthless dogs was duly treated4 ,this society was the first to insist on the necessity of ,legislation on this subject looking to the extermination of worthless dogs4 ,the society proceeded to locate the fair for the next year4 ,des ,moines offered the present grounds for #aj per cent of the gate money4 ,dubuque offered free grounds and #b1ejj in money4 ,the first ballot resulted in seventy-one votes for ,des ,moines and twenty-three for ,dubuque4 ,officers were elected as follows3 ,president1 ,william ,l4 ,smith1 of ,oskalossa2 ,vice-,president1 ,h4 ,c4 ,wheeler1 of ,sac2 ,secretary1 ,john ,shaffer1 of ,fairfield2 ,treasurer1 ,george ,h4 ,marsh1 of ,des ,moines4 ,,still ,,another ,,fat ,,stock ,,show4 ,at the meeting of the ,indiana ,state ,board of ,agriculture last week1 it was decided to hold a ,fat ,stock ,show at ,indianapolis some time in ,december of the present year4 ,liberal premiums will be offered4 ,the matter elicited a discussion of considerable length1 and it was generally believed that the show1 if properly managed1 could be made a success4 ,even if it failed to realize expenses the first year1 the exhibition would be incalculably beneficial to the ,state4 ,the election of new members to the ,board resulted as follows3 ,first district1 ,robert ,mitchell1 of ,gibson county2 ,second1 ,samuel ,hargrave1 of ,pike2 ,third1 ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,seig1 of ,harrison2 ,fourth1 ,w4 ,b4 ,seward1 of ,monroe2 ,eighth1 ,w4 ,s4 ,dungan1 of ,johnson2 ,fourteenth1 ,l4 ,b4 ,custer1 of ,cass2 ,fifteenth1 ,w4 ,a4 ,banks1 of ,la ,porte2 ,sixteenth1 ,r4 ,m4 ,lockhart1 of ,de,kalb4 ,three ,fat ,stock ,shows in the ,west6 ,true1 the success of the ,chicago exhibit is having a wide influence4 ,the live stock interests of the country are fully awakened to the important results from these shows4 ,they are1 indeed1 educators of the highest character1 and they stimulate to excellence unthought of by most farmers1 ten years ago4 ,chicago1 ,kansas ,city1 ,toronto1 and now ,indianapolis6 ,is there not room for a similar exhibition in the great stock ,state of ,iowa8 ,why do we not hear from ,west ,liberty or ,cedar ,rapids8 ,,questions ,,answered4 ,f4 ,j4 ,,st4 ,,clair1 ,,ursa1 ,,ill4--,who was the first ,president to issue a ,thanksgiving ,proclamation8 ,,answer4--,washington1 in #agih1 on the adoption by the ,states of the ,constitution of the ,united ,states4 ,,subscriber1 ,,peotone1 ,,ill4--,how many kinds of soils are there1 and what crops are best suited to bottom and what to upland soils8 ,,answer4--,there are really but two soils1 agriculturally considered1 fertile soils and barren soils4 ,generally speaking1 fertile soils are the result of the disintegration of mechanical forces and chemical agencies of limestone rocks2 and barren soils--sandy soils--are produced by similar means1 from rocks largely or wholly composed of silex or quartz4 ,the mixture of these two give rise to soils of an infinite variety1 almost1 having many differing degrees of fertility1 down to barrenness4 ,but you have practically but one soil to deal with1 a true limestone soil of high fertility1 which has received considerable accessions from silicious rocks4 ,your bottom lands do not differ materially from the upland1 except that the former have received considerable vegetable matter1 which the latter have lost4 ,for the lowlands1 corn1 grass1 and potatoes are the best crops2 for the highlands1 the small grains1 sorghum1 beans1 etc4 ,but provide as much vegetable matter for the highlands as your lowlands possess1 and make the sum of mixture in both alike1 and your highlands will grow corn1 grass1 and potatoes as well as the low4 ,,charles ,,van ,,meter1 ,,springfield1 ,,mo4--,what is the best work on ,grape ,culture8 ,my means are small1 and ,i can not1 of course1 buy a work costing ten or twelve dollars1 however good it may be4 ,recommend1 for this latitude1 something good and cheap4 ,,answer4--,for your needs you will find nothing better than ,hussman's ,grapes and ,wine1 a single volume1 which will be sent you from ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer office1 on remittance of #a4ej4 ,but there is something cheaper still1 and very good1 indeed1 but covering different grounds from ,hussman4 ,the ,grape ,catalogue of ,bush ,son ,meissner4 ,you may obtain it by sending twenty-five cents to ,bush ,son ,meissner1 ,bushberg1 ,missouri4 ,,constant ,,reader1 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4--,i am thinking of going down1 one of these days1 to ,florida1 with a view to go into oranges and make more money than ,i have1 or lose it all4 ,i have read a good deal about the seductive business1 in ,florida1 though but little of the details of cultivation in other countries4 ,tell me where ,i can find something about how they manage in ,spain and the south of ,europe4 ,,answer4--,most of the really valuable works on this subject are in foreign languages--,french1 ,spanish1 or ,italian4 ,however1 for a wonder1 a late publication of the ,department of ,state1 at ,washington--,reports from the consuls of the ,united ,states1 ,no4 #cc--;contains a valuable and lengthy paper on ,orange ,growing at ,valencia1 ,spain1 contributed by the consul there1 which you may perhaps obtain through your member of ,congress4 ,j4 ,d4 ,,slade1 ,,columbus1 ,,ga4--,i am interested in a large plantation near this city with a friend who is a practical farmer4 ,we have decided to abandon the planting of cotton to a great extent and adopt some other crops4 ,having concluded to try the castor bean1 ,i wish to ask some information4 #a4 ,will you give me the names of parties engaged in the cultivation of the crop in ,illinois and ,wisconsin8 #b4 ,where can ,i get the beans for planting8 #c4 ,describe the soil1 mode of preparation1 planting1 and cultivation1 and give me such other information as we may need4 ,,answer4--#a4 ,winter wheat and corn have1 to a very large extent1 taken the place of castor beans and tobacco in the agriculture of ,southern ,illinois4 ,as for ,wisconsin1 we question whether a bushel of castor beans was grown there last year4 ,the two sections where they are now mostly cultivated are in ,southwestern ,missouri1 by the old settlers1 and in ,middle and ,southern ,kansas1 by the first comers4 ,for information on the whole subject1 write the ,secretary of the ,kansas ,state ,board of ,agriculture for the quarterly report issued two or three years ago1 which was mostly devoted to castor-bean culture4 ,the ,secretary's address is ,topeka1 ,kansas4 #b4 ,of the ,plant ,seed ,company1 ,st4 ,louis1 and also valuable information--that city being the chief market for the castor beans4 #c4 ,the soil best suited to the crop is a light1 rich1 sandy loam1 though any dry and fertile soil will yield good crops4 ,for some reason not clearly understood1 the castor bean has been found a powerful and energetic agent in improving some1 if not all soils1 the experience in ,kansas being1 that land which previously refused to yield good crops of wheat or corn either1 after being cultivated two or three years in castor beans has borne great crops4 ,this has been attributed to the completeness and the long time the crop shades the ground1 and also to the long tap root of the plant1 which makes it a crop of all others1 suited to dry soils1 and hot climate4 ,after preparing the land as for corn1 it should be laid off so the plants will stand1 for your latitude1 five feet each way4 ,three or four seeds are usually planted1 but when the beans are five to six inches high1 and out of the way of cut-worms1 they are thinned to one4 ,the cultivation is after the manner of ,indian corn1 and the planting should be at the same time4 ,the beans for your latitude will begin to ripen late in ,july1 and continue to the end of the season1 when the plants are killed by severe frosts1 light frosts doing scarcely any damage4 ,in harvesting1 a spot of hard ground is prepared and the pods as gathered are thrown on the ground and dried out in the sun4 ,and here is where the trouble with making a successful and profitable crop comes in4 ,the beans must be kept in the dry from the time of gathering the pods--one soaking rain always seriously damaging1 and frequently destroying the merchantable value of so much of the harvest as happens to be on the ground4 ,as in the case of broom corn1 the hot1 dry1 and protracted late summer and fall months of that ,state1 afford the ,kansas farmer something like a monopoly of the castor bean crop4 ,it is nevertheless giving place to corn and wheat4 ,,letter ,,from ,,champaign4 ,the snow continues to accumulate1 the last having fallen before midnight the #aath4 ,there were only about two inches1 but it is drifting this morning1 for all it is worth1 before a gale from the ,west4 ,the first and second snows stay where they were put at first1 but the subsequent ones are in drifts or scattered all abroad1 in the many snows and the excellence of the sleighing1 this winter resembles '#gh-'gi1 but there is more snow and the temperature is very much more severe4 ,i suppose there is well-nigh eighteen inches now on the ground1 something quite unusual in this latitude4 ,let us hope it will stay sometime longer yet1 and save the fall wheat4 ,the intensely cold weather of last week was rough on stock of all kinds and in all conditions1 and particularly hard on that portion having short rations4 ,but ,i have seen many worse storms and much harder weather for stock2 none however in which the fruits1 small or large1 suffered worse4 ,at least that is the general judgment at the present4 ,peach buds are killed of course1 and it will be lucky if the trees have escaped4 ,all blackberries1 but the ,snyder1 are dead down to the snow line--and some think the ,snyder has not escaped1 for reasons given further on4 ,examinations made of the buds of ,bartlett1 ,duchess1 ,howell1 ,tyson1 ,bigarreau1 ,seckel1 ,buffum1 ,easter ,buerre1 and others yesterday1 showed them all to be about equally frosted and blackened1 and probably destroyed4 ,last year our pears suffered a good deal from the sleet of the second of ,february1 which clung to the trees ten days1 and the crop was a light one4 ,this year1 if appearances can be trusted1 there will be less4 ,in the many intense freezes of the last twenty-five years1 ,i have never known pear buds to be seriously injured2 last year being a marked exception and this still more so4 ,hardy grapes have probably suffered as much1 and the tender varieties are completely done for4 ,how well the ,may cherry has resisted the low temperature remains to be seen4 ,as for the sweet cherries1 it is probably the end of them4 ,there were buds set for an unusually abundant crop of apples in #ahhd--the ,presidential year4 ,the hardy varieties have escaped material damage1 no doubt1 but some of the tender ,eastern varieties1 like the ,baldwin1 ,roxbury ,russet1 in all reasonable probability1 have not only lost their buds but their lives also4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the disasters following the very low temperature of last week have no doubt been increased by the immaturity of the wood1 due to the cool1 moist summer4 ,if summers like those of #ahhb-hc are not warm enough to ripen the corn crop1 buds and wood of fruit trees will not acquire a maturity that resists intense cold as we see by our experience with pears1 grapes1 and peaches in the fruit season of #ahhc1 and which is almost sure to be repeated with aggravations in #ahhd4 ,possibly the ground being but lightly frozen and protected by a good coat of snow1 may save the apple trees and others from great disaster following thirty to thirty-five degrees below zero1 when falling on half ripened wood1 but the reasonable fear is that orchards on high land in ,northern and ,central ,illinois1 have been damaged more than last year4 ,if so perhaps it were better after all1 since it will open the eyes of a great many to the mistakes in location heretofore made1 and lead them to put out future orchards where they ought to be4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if my word of warning could reach those engaged in taking measures at ,washington to prevent the spread of epidemic and infectious diseases in our stock1 it would be go slow4 ,if the wishes of a few veterinarians are met and the demands of a raft of pauper lawyers and politicians are complied with1 it will result in the creation of a half dozen commissions4 ,each one of them1 as previous ones have done1 will find sufficient reason for their continuance and reports will be made that half the live stock in the country1 ,south and ,west1 is either in danger from or suffering under some of the many forms of epidemic or infectious diseases--and by the way1 what justice is there in putting ,detmers out of the way1 and clinging to ,salmon and ,laws1 both of whom indorsed nearly every thing the former did8 ,beware of commissions1 and above all of putting men upon them whose bread and butter is of more consequence to them than the stock interest1 vast as it is4 ,b4 ,f4 ,j4 ,,wayside ,,notes4 ,,by ,a ,,man ,,of ,,the ,,prairie4 ,of the #b1ejj1jjj packages of seeds distributed by the ,united ,states ,agricultural ,department during last year more than #b1jjj1jjj packages were furnished to ,congressmen1 and ,i notice that some of the papers are making unfavorable comments on the fact4 ,now ,i do not discover anything that seems to me radically wrong in this practice of the ,department of ,agriculture1 or rather in the instructions under which the practice prevails4 ,there are some men1 mostly seedsmen1 and some publishers1 mostly those interested in securing patronage through seed premiums1 or which are run in the interest of seed dealers1 who grumble a great deal about this matter1 and who sneer at the department and derisively call it the ,government seed store4 ,but ,i imagine if the public was thoroughly informed of the good the department has done by its seed distributions1 it would have a great deal better opinion of this branch than it now has1 and ,i wish ,mr4 ,dodge1 or some other efficient man1 who knows all about it from the beginning would give to the country a complete history of what has been done in the way of introducing and disseminating new seeds1 plants1 and cuttings4 ,i believe if the whole truth were told it would put an end to ridicule and denunciation4 ,i am aware that there have been some things connected with this work that were not exactly correct4 ,there may have been some helping of friends in the purchase of seeds2 there may have been some noxious weed seeds sent out to the detriment of the country2 ,congressmen may have used their quota of seeds for the purpose of keeping themselves solid with their constituents4 ,but1 after all1 it is my candid opinion the seed distributing branch of the department has been an untold blessing to the farmers of this country4 ,as to this matter of giving a large proportion of the seeds to ,congressmen1 ,i have not much fault to find about that either1 though perhaps a better system of distribution might be devised4 ,i have yet to learn that an application to a ,congressman for seed has been disregarded1 if the seeds were to be had1 whether that application came from a political friend or a political foe4 ,and ,i do wish that farmers generally would make more frequent application to the members from their respective districts than they do4 ,it will be money in their pockets if they will keep posted in what the department has to distribute which is valuable1 or new and promising1 and solicit samples either from ,congressmen or direct from the ,commissioner of ,agriculture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,put your thumb down there1 said an experienced orchardist to me the other day4 ,we were talking about the recently started theory that the best bearing orchards are to be found on the low lands of the prairies4 ,you just wait and see if these brag orchards ever bear another crop6 ,it will be as it was after the severe winter of #ahgd and '#ge1 when the following autumn many of our orchards bore so profusely4 ,the succeeding year the majority of the trees were as dead as smelts1 and the balance never had vigor enough afterward to produce a decent crop4 ,once before1 said he1 we had a similar experience in ,illinois4 ,put your thumb down at this place and watch for results4 ,do not say anything about this in your ,wayside ,blusterings1 at least as coming from me1 and of course ,i don't4 ,but ,i wanted the readers of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer to help me watch with fear and trembling for the fulfillment of this horticultural prophesy1 so ,i straightway make a note of it and ask you all to put your thumbs down here and wait4 ,my friend's theory is that the severe cold of last winter destroyed a large portion of the roots of these trees2 that the root pruning caused the extra fruitfulness1 but proved too severe for the vitality of the trees to withstand1 and that next year the bulk of the trees will not leaf out at all2 and further that the old theory as taught by ,kennecott1 ,whitney1 ,edwards1 and the rest of the fathers1 that apple trees cannot thrive with wet feet1 was the correct theory then and is the correct theory now4 ,he would still plant on high1 well drained land4 99 99 99 99 99 ,my neighbor up at the ,corners has a large flock of grade ,cotswold sheep--,cotswolds crossed on large native ,merinos4 ,he keeps them to produce early lambs for the ,chicago market4 ,for the last three or four years he has received1 on an average1 four dollars per head for his lambs1 taken at his farm4 ,it is a profitable and pleasant sort of farming4 ,some day ,i may tell how he manages1 in detail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer one year1 and the subscriber gets a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 ,illustration ,,poultry ,,notes4 ,poultry-,raisers4 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,,chicken ,,chat4 ,let me see--it was sometime during the month of ,december that the ,man of the ,prairie went wandering all over the village1 and even scoured the country round about the village in search of an extra dozen eggs1 and went home mad1 and1 man fashion1 threatened to kill off every hen on the place if they didn't proceed to do their duty like hens and fellow citizens4 ,it was also during that same ,december that the fifty ,plymouth ,rock hens that we are wintering in the barn cellar1 laid1 regardless of the weather1 #gcf eggs--an average of nearly fifteen eggs apiece4 ,is it a fact that the corn is too poor for manufacture into eggs8 ,i don't know anything about the corn in your locality1 but ,i do know that our ,plymouth ,rocks had whole corn for supper exactly thirty-one nights during the month of ,december--not ,western corn1 but sound1 well-ripened1 ,northern corn1 that sells in our market for twenty cents more per bushel than ,western corn4 ,i also know that hens fed through the winter on corn alone will not lay enough to pay for the corn1 but in our climate the poultry-raiser may feed corn profitably fully one-half the time4 ,when the morning feed consists of cooked vegetable and bran or shorts1 and the noon meal of oats or buckwheat1 the supper may be of corn4 ,i believe the analytical fellows tell us that corn won't make eggs1 and ,i am sure ,i don't know whether it will or not1 and ,i don't much care2 but ,i know that hens will eat corn1 when they can get it1 in preference to any other grain1 and ,i know that it stands by better than anything else1 and that it is a heat-producing grain1 and consequently just the thing to feed when the days are short and the nights long1 and the mercury fooling around #cj degrees below zero4 ,hens need something besides egg material2 they must have food to keep up the body heat1 and the poultry-raiser who feeds no corn in winter blunders just as badly as the one who feeds all corn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,talking about corn for fowls reminds me that the agricultural papers are full of wails from farmers who were taken in last season on seed corn4 ,if they had followed the plan of an old farmer of my acquaintance they would not now be obliged to mourn a corn crop cut off by frost4 ,when this old chap went to farming forty years ago he bought a peck of seed corn of the ,northern yellow flint variety1 and as he don't believe in running after all the new seeds that are advertised in the papers1 he is still raising the same variety--only it ripens some three weeks earlier than it did then4 ,every fall he does through his field and selects his seed corn from the best of the earliest ripened ears2 when these ears are husked one or two husks are left on each ear1 and then the husks1 with the ears attached1 are braided together until there are fifteen or twenty ears in a string4 ,these strings of seed corn are hung up in the sun for a fortnight or so1 and then hung from the rafters in a cool1 dry loft over the wood-shed2 there it remains till seed time comes again1 and it never fails to grow4 ,,fanny ,,field4 ,,business ,,still ,,running4 ,my own hens closed out business six weeks ago1 not long since said ,man of the ,prairie4 ,he mentioned also1 that he had not much faith in pure bred poultry4 ,now he severely complains that no eggs can be found among the farmers nor in village stores4 ,i will not say that pure strains of poultry are better layers than common1 but1 when one pays a good price for poultry1 it is an incentive to provide good shelter and bestow upon them some manifestations of interest which would not be done with the common fowls4 ,herein may lay in part the secret of better returns from pure strains4 ,years ago our chickens 'closed out business' for several months4 ,of late this procedure is unknown4 ,we crossed our best common hens with ,plymouth ,rock stock1 paying a good price4 ,we furnished comfortable quarters1 gave variety of feed1 and at present writing the lady-like biddies furnish enough eggs for our own use and some to sell to stores and neighbors4 ,we still have a few common hens 7not caring to have all pure7 yet we find that with same care and attention1 the purer strains give best returns4 ,skeptical1 like a good many others1 we were loth to experiment4 ,thanks to ,fanny ,field for her wise and instructive poultry writings4 ,in a recent number she seemed to be in doubt whether her writings were heeded or doing any one good4 ,let me say in behalf of myself and a few others1 that a few married ladies now have pin money by following her instructions1 who1 before1 had to go to their lords 7husbands7 when they wanted a little money1 which was sometimes begrudgingly given1 and often times not at all4 ,,bachelor ,,maid4 ,,council ,,bluffs1 ,,iowa4 ,illustration ,,the ,,apiary4 ,,the ,,best ,,hive4 ,in answer to many inquiries as to the best hive1 we will here state that is a mere matter of choice4 ,many good movable frame hives are now in use1 free from patents1 and while we prefer the ,langstroth1 there may be others just as good4 ,apiarists differ as to what constitutes the best hive4 ,novices in bee culture generally think that they can invent a better hive than any in use1 but after trying their invention for awhile1 conclude that they are not as wise as they thought they were4 ,many hives are patented yearly by persons ignorant of the nature of the honey-bee1 and few1 if any1 are received with favor by intelligent apiarists4 ,the requisites for a good hive are durability1 simplicity1 ease of construction and of working1 and pleasing to the eye4 ,we think the ,langstroth embodies these4 ,it was invented by the father of modern bee-culture4 ,he gave to the world the movable frame2 without its use1 we might as well keep our bees in hollow logs1 as our fathers did4 ,different sizes of movable frames are now in use1 but two-thirds of the apiarists prefer the ,langstroth4 ,upon many farms1 bees may be found in salt barrels1 nail-kegs1 etc41 doing little good for their owner1 while if they were put into hives1 where the surplus could be obtained in good shape1 they would become a source of income4 ,specialists either manufacture their own hives1 or buy them in the flat1 in the lumber region4 ,as the farmer may need but a few hives1 he may find leisure in winter to make them4 ,every farmer needs a workshop1 and if he has none1 should provide himself with one4 ,it need not be large1 and can be made quite inexpensively4 ,in his barn1 if it is large1 partition off a room for a workshop #ab #ad feet1 and if he not be blessed with a good large barn1 why a thousand feet of common boards1 and a load of good stout saplings1 with a little mechanical skill and some muscle1 will provide a very good farm workshop4 ,get a few tools1 such as a saw1 square1 plane1 hatchet1 a brace1 and a few bits1 and before twelve months pass away you will wonder how you ever managed to do without one before2 many a singletree or doubletree can be made1 or broken implements repaired during leisure1 or the rainy days of late winter or spring1 and the boys will go there to try their hands1 and develop their mechanical skill2 exercising both brain and muscle4 ,remember that the school of industry is second to no university in the land4 ,now for the hives2 in the first place you need a pattern4 ,purchase of some dealer or manufacturer of apiarian supplies1 a good ,langstroth hive complete with section boxes4 ,then get a couple of hundred feet 7more or less7 of ten inch stock boards1 mill dressed on both sides1 then with your pattern hive1 workshop1 and tools1 you are master of the situation4 ,after your hives are made1 don't forget to paint them2 it is economy to paint hives as well as dwelling houses4 ,,langstroth ,,hive4 ,for the benefit of those who may not be able to obtain a pattern hive1 or frame1 we will give the dimensions4 ,the sides of the ,langstroth hive are #aj inches wide1 by #bc inches long1 the ends are #ab inches long1 the back end the same width as the sides2 front end1 #c_/h inches narrower1 and recesses or sets back #c-c_/h inches from portico1 all #g_/h inches thick4 ,the ,langstroth frame is #ag-a_/d #i-a_/d inches outside measure4 ,the length of top bar of frame is #ai-a_/d inches1 the frame stuff is all #g_/h wide1 the top bar is #e_/h #g_/h1 and is ,v shaped on the under side for a comb guide--the upright pieces #a_/b #g_/h1 the bottom pieces #a_/d #g_/h4 ,the above are the dimensions of an eight frame hive4 ,strips #a_/d #g_/h inches are nailed on the outside of the hive #a_/d inch from the upper edge1 and the cap or upper hive rests upon them4 ,we make the cap #bb-a_/h inches long by #ac-g_/h inches wide in the clear1 and ten inches high4 ,some apiarists omit the porticos1 but we like them1 and the bees appear to enjoy them4 ,right angled triangle blocks1 made right and left1 are used to regulate the entrance4 ,by changing the position of these blocks on the alighting board the size of the entrance may be varied1 and the bees always directed to it by the shape of the block1 without any loss of time in searching for it--in case of robbing the hive1 the hive can be entirely closed with them4 ,a board was formerly used to cover the frames1 but is now generally abandoned1 apiarists preferring duck1 enameled cloth1 or heavy muslin4 ,,mrs4 ,l4 ,,harrison4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,no ,,safer ,,remedy can be had for ,coughs and ,colds1 or any trouble of the ,throat1 than ,brown's ,bronchial ,troches4 ,price #be cents4 ,sold only in boxes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,arm ,,hammer ,,brand ,,to ,,farmers4--,it is important that the ,,soda ,,or ,,saleratus they use should be white and pure1 in common with all similar substances used for food4 ,illustration3 ,,church ,,co',s ,,soda ,,saleratus ,in making bread with yeast1 it is well to use about half a teaspoonful of the ,,arm ,,and ,,hammer ,,brand ,,soda or ,,saleratus at the same time1 and thus make the bread rise better and prevent it becoming sour by correcting the natural acidity of the yeast4 ,,dairymen ,,and ,,farmers should use only the ,,arm ,,and ,,hammer brand for cleaning and keeping milk-pans sweet and clean4 ,to insure obtaining only the ,,arm ,,and ,,hammer brand ,soda or ,saleratus1 buy it in ,,pound or ,,half-,,pound ,,packages1 which bear our name and trade-mark1 as inferior goods are sometimes substituted for the ,,arm ,,and ,,hammer brand when bought in bulk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,best ,,is ,,the ,,cheapest4 ,,engines ,,saw ,,mills1 ,,threshers1 ,,horse ,,powers1 7,for all sections and purposes47 ,write for ,,free ,pamphlet and ,prices to ,the ,aultman ,taylor ,co41 ,mansfield1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,famous ,,easy-,,running ,monarch ,lightning ,sawing ,machine ,,it ,,beats ,,the ,,world ,,for ,,sawing ,,logs ,,or ,,family ,,stove ,,wood4 ,,sent ,,on #cj ,,days' ,,test ,,trial4 ,illustration ,the boy in the picture on the left is sawing up logs into #bj-;inch lengths1 to be split into stovewood for family use4 ,this is much the ,,best and ,,cheapest way to get out your firewood1 because the #bj-;inch blocks are ,,very ,,easily split up1 a good deal easier and quicker than the old-fashioned way of cutting the logs into #d-;feet lengths1 splitting it into cordwood1 and from that sawing it up with a buck saw into stovewood4 ,we sell a large number of machines to farmers and others for just this purpose4 ,a great many persons who had formerly burned coal have stopped that useless expense since getting our ,machine4 ,most families have one or two boys1 #af years of age and up1 who can employ their spare time in sawing up wood just as well as not4 ,the ,,monarch ,,lightning ,,sawing ,,machine will save your paying money and board to ,,one hired man and perhaps ,,two men4 ,the boy at the right in the picture is sawing up cordwood in a buck frame4 ,you can very easily use our machine in this way if you have cordwood on hand that you wish to saw up into suitable lengths for firewood4 ,a boy sixteen years old can work the machine all day and not get any more tired than he would raking hay4 ,the machine runs ,,very ,,easily1 so easily1 in fact1 that after giving the crank half a dozen turns1 the operator may let go and the machine will run itself for ,,three ,,or ,,four ,,revolutions4 ,farmers owning standing timber cannot fail to see the many advantages of this great ,,labor-,,saving ,,and ,,money-,,saving ,,machine4 ,if you prefer1 you can easily go directly into the woods and easily saw the logs into #bj-;inch lengths for your family use1 or you can saw them into #d-;foot lengths1 to be split into cordwood1 when it can be readily hauled off to the village market4 ,many farmers are making a good deal of money with this ,machine in employing the dull months of the year in selling cordwood4 ,it makes a great difference in ,,labor ,,and ,,money both in using our machine1 because you get away with a second man4 ,it takes two men to run the old-fashioned cross-cut saw1 and it makes two backs ache every day they use it4 ,not so with our saw4 ,we offer #a1jjj for a sawing machine that is ,,easier ,,operated and ,,faster ,,running than ours4 ,every farmer should own our machine4 ,it will pay for itself in one season4 ,easily operated by a sixteen-year-old boy4 ,lumbermen and farmers should ,,get ,,the ,,best--,,get ,,the ,,cheapest--,,get ,,the ,,monarch ,,lightning ,,sawing ,,machine4 ,e4 ,,dutter1 ,hicksville1 ,o41 writes3--,it runs so easy that it is ,,just ,,fun to saw wood4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,cole1 ,mexico1 ,n4 ,y41 writes3--,with this machine ,i sawed off an elm log1 twenty-one inches in diameter1 in one minute1 forty-three seconds4 ,z4 ,g4 ,,hege1 ,winston1 ,n4 ,c41 writes3--,i have shown your machine to several farmers1 and all pronounce it a ,,perfect ,,success4 ,,wm4 ,,dillenback1 ,dayton1 ,tex41 writes3--,i am ,,well ,,pleased with the ,,monarch ,,lightning ,,sawing ,,machine4 ,my boys can saw ,,with ,,all ,,ease4 ,l4 ,w4 ,,yost1 ,seneca1 ,kan41 writes3--,i will bet #ej that ,i can saw as much with this machine as any two men can with the old-fashioned cross-cut saw4 ,t4 ,k4 ,,buck1 ,mt4 ,vernon1 ,ill41 writes3--,i have given the ,monarch a fair trial1 and can truly say it is ,,all ,,you ,,claim ,,for ,,it1 a complete success1 enabling a boy to do the work of two strong men1 and indeed1 more4 ,i would not take #ge for the ,,monarch and be deprived of the privilege of having another like it4 ,i sawed off a twenty-inch solid water oak log twelve times yesterday in ,,forty-,,five ,,minutes4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,crawford4 ,columbia1 ,s4 ,c41 writes3--,i tried the ,monarch on an oak log to-day before twenty farmers4 ,all said it ,,worked ,,perfectly4 ,n4 ,b4--,we are selling ,,six ,,times as many ,machines as any other firm1 simply because our ,machine gives perfect satisfaction4 ,our factory is running day and night to fill orders4 ,send in your order at once4 ,the ,,best is the ,,cheapest4 ,our agent sold four machines in one day4 ,another sold twenty-eight in his township4 ,another agent cleared #ajj in one week4 ,,be ,,sure ,,and ,,mention ,,this ,,paper4 ,,we ,,wish ,a ,,live1 ,,wide-,,awake ,,agent ,,in ,,every ,,county ,,in ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada4 ,write for ,latest ,illustrated ,catalogue giving ,special ,terms and scores of ,testimonials4 ,,monarch ,,manufacturing ,,co4 #afc ,e4 ,,randolph ,,street1 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe2 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 ,,scientific4 ,,some ,,gossip ,,about ,,darwin4 ,the last number of the ,american ,naturalist presents the following from ,david ,s4 ,jorden1 of ,bloomington1 ,indiana4 ,it is one of those gossipy bits about the great scientist that every body enjoys reading4 ,in a recent visit to ,england1 the writer strolled into the village of ,down in ,kent1 and talked with some of the villagers in regard to ,mr4 ,darwin1 whose beautiful home is just outside the little town4 ,some of this talk1 although in itself idle and valueless1 may have an interest to readers1 as showing how a great man looks to his smaller neighbors4 ,the landlord of the ,george ,inn said that all the people wished to have ,mr4 ,darwin buried in ,down1 but the government would not let them4 ,it would have helped the place so much4 ,it would have brought hosts of people down to see his grave4 ,especially it would have helped the hotel business which is pretty dull in winter time4 ,mr4 ,darwin was a very fine-looking man4 ,he had a high forehead and wore a long beard4 ,still1 if you had met him on the street1 perhaps1 you would not have taken much notice of him unless you knew that he was a clever man4 ,sir ,john ,lubbock 7,darwin's friend and near neighbor7 is a very clever man1 too1 but not so clever nor so remarkable-looking as ,mr4 ,darwin4 ,he is very fond of hants 7ants71 and plants1 and things4 ,at ,keston1 three miles from ,down1 the landlady of the ,grayhound had never heard of ,mr4 ,darwin until after his death4 ,there was then considerable talk about his being buried in ,westminster1 but nothing was said of him before4 ,several persons had considerable to say of ,mr4 ,darwin's extensive and judicious charity to the poor4 ,to ,mr4 ,parslow1 for many years his personal servant1 ,mr4 ,darwin gave a life pension of #ej1 and the rent of the handsome ,home ,cottage in ,down4 ,during the time of a water famine in that region1 he used to ride about on horseback to see who needed water1 and had it brought to them at his own expense from the stream at ,st4 ,mary's ,cray4 ,he was1 said ,mr4 ,parslow1 a very social1 nice sort of a gentleman1 very joking and jolly indeed2 a good husband and a good father and a most excellent master4 ,even his footmen used to stay with him as long as five years4 ,they would rather stay with him than take a higher salary somewhere else4 ,the cook came there while young and stayed there till his death1 nearly thirty years later4 ,mrs ,darwin is a pleasant lady1 a year older than her husband4 ,their boys are all jolly1 nice young fellows4 ,all have turned out so well1 not one of them rackety1 you know4 ,seven children out of the ten are now living4 ,george ,darwin is now a professor in ,oxford4 ,he was a barrister at first2 had his wig and gown and all1 but had to give it up on account of bad health4 ,he would have made a hornament to the profession4 ,francis ,darwin is a doctor1 and used to work with his father in the greenhouse4 ,he is soon to marry a lady who lectures on ,botany in ,oxford4 ,for the first twenty years after ,mr4 ,darwin's return from ,south ,america1 his health was very bad--much more than later4 ,he had a stomach disease which resulted from sea-sickness while on the voyage around the world4 ,mr4 ,parslow learned the watercure treatment and treated ,mr4 ,darwin in that system1 for a long time1 giving much relief4 ,mr4 ,darwin used to do his own writing but had copyists to get his work ready for the printer4 ,he was always an early man4 ,he used to get up at half past six4 ,he used to bathe and then go out for a walk all around the place4 ,then ,parslow used to get breakfast for him before the rest of the family came down4 ,he used to eat rapidly1 then went to his study and wrote till after the rest had breakfast4 ,then ,mrs4 ,darwin came in and he used to lie half an hour on the sofa1 while she or someone else read to him4 ,then he wrote till noon1 then went out for an hour to walk4 ,he used to walk all around the place4 ,later in life1 he had a cab1 and used to ride on horseback4 ,then after lunch at one1 he used to write awhile4 ,afterwards he and ,mrs4 ,darwin used to go to the bedroom1 where he lay on a sofa and often smoked a cigarette while she read to him4 ,after this he used to walk till dinner-time at five4 ,before the family grew up1 they used to dine early1 at half-past one1 and had a meat-tea at half-past six4 ,sometimes there were eighteen or twenty young ,darwins of different families in the house4 ,four-in-hand coaches of young ,darwins used sometimes to come down from ,london4 ,mr4 ,darwin liked children4 ,they didn't disturb him in the least4 ,there were sometimes twenty or thirty pairs of little shoes to be cleaned of a morning1 but there were always plenty of servants to do this4 ,the gardener used to bring plants into his room often of a morning1 and he used to tie bits of cotton on them1 and try to make them do things4 ,he used to try all sorts of seeds4 ,he would sow them in pots in his study4 ,there were a quantity of people in ,westminster ,abbey when he was buried4 ,mr4 ,parslow and the cook were among the chief mourners and sat in the ,jerusalem chamber4 ,the whole church was as full of people as they could stand4 ,there was great disappointment in ,down that he was not buried there4 ,he loved the place1 and we think that he would rather have rested there had he been consulted4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,to ,our ,readers4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is the ,,oldest1 ,,most ,,reliable1 and the ,,leading ,,agricultural ,,journal ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,northwest1 devoted exclusively to the interests of the ,farmer1 ,gardener1 ,florist1 ,stock ,breeder1 ,dairyman1 ,etc41 and every species of industry connected with that great portion of the ,people of the ,world1 the ,,producers4 ,now in the ,forty-,second ,year of its existence1 and never1 during more than two score years1 having missed the regular visit to its patrons1 it will continue to maintain supremacy as ,a ,,standard ,,authority ,,on ,,matters ,,pertaining ,,to ,,agriculture ,,and ,,kindred ,,productive ,,industries1 and as a ,,fresh ,,and ,,readable ,,family ,,and ,,fireside ,,journal4 ,it will from time to time add new features of interest1 securing for each department the ablest writers of practical experience4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer will discuss1 without fear or favor1 all topics of interest properly belonging to a ,farm and ,fireside ,paper1 treat of the most approved practices in ,,agriculture1 ,,horticulture1 ,,breeding1 ,,etc42 the varied ,machinery1 ,implements1 and improvements in same1 for use both in ,field and ,house2 and1 in fact1 everything of interest to the ,agricultural community1 whether in ,,field1 ,,market1 ,,or ,,home ,,circle4 ,,it ,,will ,,give ,,information ,,upon ,,the ,,public ,,domain1 ,,western ,,soils1 ,,climate1 ,,etc42 ,,answer ,,inquiries on all manner of subjects which come within its sphere2 ,,give each week1 full and ,,reliable ,,market1 ,,crop1 ,,and ,,weather ,,reports2 ,,present the family with choice and ,,interesting ,,literature2 amuse and ,,instruct ,,the ,,young ,,folks3 ,,and1 in a word1 aim to ,,be1 in every respect1 ,,an ,,indispensable ,,and ,,unexceptionable farm and fireside ,,companion4 ,terms of ,subscription and ',club ,rates'3 ,,one ,,copy1 #a ,,year1 postage paid #b4jj ,,two ,,copies1 #c4ge ,,five sent at one time #h4ge ,,ten sent at one time1 and one to ,club getter #af4jj ,,twenty sent at one time1 and one to ,club getter #cj4jj ,address ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,publishing ,co41 ,chicago4 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,this ,elegant ,,ring ,,given ,,away ,illustration ,this elegant #ah,k ,,rolled ,,gold ,,wedding ,,ring1 equal in appearance to a #aj ring1 ,,free ,,to ,,all4 ,wishing to at once secure a large number of new subscribers to our well known literary and family paper1 ,,backlog ,,sketches1 and knowing that all who once read it will become regular subscribers1 we make this most liberal offer to induce all to subscribe1 firmly believing that in the future we shall be benefited in the increased business it will bring us4 ,for only #be ,cents we will send ,,backlog ,,sketches three months ,,on ,,trial1 and we will send every subscriber1 absolutely ,,free1 this elegant #ah,k ,,rolled ,,gold ,,ring4 ,for #a1 we send ,backlog ,sketches a year and send every subscriber free1 a beautiful ,,ring1 ,,warranted ,,solid ,,gold4 ,backlog ,sketches is a large1 #af page1 illustrated literary paper1 size ,harper's ,weekly1 every issue being filled with the most charming stories and sketches and choicest miscellany4 ,it is alone worth double the subscription price4 ,subscribe now4 ,sample paper for stamp4 ,address ,,backlog ,,publishing ,,co41 ,,augusta1 ,,maine ,,cut ,,this ,,out4 ,,it ,,will ,,not ,,appear ,,again4 ,the above liberal offer1 by a reliable firm1 gives all a chance to get a valuable ring free4 ,subscribe now1 before you forget it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gold ,,medal1 ,,paris1 #ahgh4 ,illustration ,,baker',s ,,breakfast ,,cocoa4 ,warranted absolutely pure ,cocoa1 from which the excess of ,oil has been removed4 ,it has three times the strength of ,cocoa mixed with ,starch1 ,arrowroot or ,sugar1 and is therefore far more economical4 ,it is delicious1 nourishing1 strengthening1 easily digested1 and admirably adapted for invalids as well as for persons in health4 ,,sold ,,by ,,grocers ,,everywhere4 ,w4 ,,baker ,,co41 ,dorchester1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,dangerous ,,ambuscade4 ,discovered ,barely in ,time--,the ,most ,deceptive and ,luring of ,modern ,evils ,graphically ,described4 7,syracuse ,journal47 ,something of a sensation was caused in this city yesterday by a rumor that one of our best-known citizens was about to publish a statement concerning some unusual experiences during his residence in ,syracuse4 ,how the rumor originated it is impossible to say1 but a reporter immediately sought ,dr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,martin1 the gentleman in question1 and secured the following interview3 ,what about this rumor1 ,doctor1 that you are going to make a public statement of some important matters8 ,just about the same as you will find in all rumors--some truth2 some fiction4 ,i had contemplated making a publication of some remarkable episodes that have occurred in my life1 but have not completed it as yet4 ,what is the nature of it1 may ,i inquire8 ,why1 the fact that ,i am a human being instead of a spirit4 ,i have passed through one of the most wonderful ordeals that perhaps ever occurred to any man4 ,the first intimation ,i had of it was several years ago1 when ,i began to feel chilly at night and restless after retiring4 ,occasionally this would be varied by a soreness of the muscles and cramps in my arms and legs4 ,i thought1 as most people would think1 that it was only a cold and so paid as little attention to it as possible4 ,shortly after this ,i noticed a peculiar catarrhal trouble and my throat also became inflamed4 ,as if this were not variety enough ,i felt sharp pains in my chest1 and a constant tendency to headache4 ,why didn't you take the matter in hand and check it right where it was8 ,why doesn't everybody do so8 ,simply because they think it is only some trifling and passing disorder4 ,these troubles did not come all at once and ,i thought it unmanly to heed them4 ,i have found1 though1 that every physical neglect must be paid for and with large interest4 ,men can not draw drafts on their constitution without honoring them sometime4 ,these minor symptoms ,i have described1 grew until they were giants of agony4 ,i became more nervous2 had a strange fluttering of the heart1 an inability to draw a long breath and an occasional numbness that was terribly suggestive of paralysis4 ,how ,i could have been so blind as not to understand what this meant ,i can not imagine4 ,and did you do nothing8 ,yes1 ,i traveled4 ,in the spring of #ahgi ,i went to ,kansas and ,colorado1 and while in ,denver1 ,i was attacked with a mysterious hemorrage of the urinary organs and lost twenty pounds of flesh in three weeks4 ,one day after my return ,i was taken with a terrible chill and at once advanced to a very severe attack of pneumonia4 ,my left lung soon entirely filled with water and my legs and body became twice their natural size4 ,i was obliged to sit upright in bed for several weeks in the midst of the severest agony1 with my arms over my head1 and constant fear of suffocation4 ,and did you still make no attempt to save yourself8 ,yes1 ,i made frantic efforts4 ,i tried everything that seemed to offer the least prospect of relief4 ,i called a council of doctors and had them make an exhaustive chemical and microscopical examination of my condition4 ,five of the best physicians of ,syracuse and several from another city said ,i must die6 ,it seemed as though their assertion was true for my feet became cold1 my mouth parched1 my eyes wore a fixed glassy stare1 my body was covered with a cold1 clammy death sweat1 and ,i read my fate in the anxious expressions of my family and friends4 ,but the finale8 ,came at last4 ,my wife1 aroused to desperation1 began to administer a remedy upon her own responsibility and while ,i grew better very slowly1 ,i gained ground surely until1 in brief1 ,i have no trace of the terrible ,bright's disease from which ,i was dying1 and am a perfectly well man4 ,this may sound like a romance1 but it is true1 and my life1 health and what ,i am are due to ,warner's ,safe ,cure1 which ,i wish was known to and used by the thousands who ,i believe1 are suffering this minute as ,i was originally4 ,does not such an experience as this justify me in making a public statement8 ,it certainly does4 ,but then ,bright's disease is not a common complaint1 doctor4 ,not common6 ,on the contrary it is one of the most common4 ,the trouble is1 few people know they have it4 ,it has so few marked symptoms until its final stages that a person may have it for years1 each year getting more and more in its power and not suspect it4 ,it is quite natural ,i should feel enthusiastic over this remedy while my wife is even more so than ,i am4 ,she knows of its being used with surprising results by many ladies for their own peculiar ailments1 over which it has singular power4 ,the statement drawn out by the above interview is amply confirmed by very many of our most prominent citizens1 among them being ,judge ,reigel1 and ,col4 ,james ,s4 ,goodrich1 of the ,times1 while ,gen4 ,dwight ,h4 ,bruce and ,rev4 ,prof4 ,w4 ,p4 ,coddington1 ,d4 ,d41 give the remedy their heartiest indorsement4 ,in this age of wonders1 surprising things are quite common1 but an experience so unusual as that of ,dr4 ,martin's and occurring here in our midst1 may well cause comment and teach a lesson4 ,it shows the necessity of guarding the slightest approach of physical disorder and by the means which has been proven the most reliable and efficient4 ,it shows the depth to which one can sink and yet be rescued and it proves that few people need suffer if these truths are observed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,preserve ,,the ,,health ,use the ,magneton ,appliance ,co4's ,,magnetic ,,lung ,,protector6 ,,price ,,only #e4 ,they are priceless to ,,ladies1 ,,gentlemen1 and ,,children with ,,weak ,,lungs2 no case of ,,pneumonia ,,or ,,croup is ever known where these garments are worn4 ,they also prevent and cure ,,heart ,,difficulties1 ,,colds1 ,,rheumatism1 ,,neuralgia1 ,,throat ,,troubles1 ,,diphtheria1 ,,catarrh1 ,,and ,,all ,,kindred ,,diseases4 ,will ,,wear any service for ,,three ,,years4 ,are worn over the under-clothing4 ,,catarrh1 ,it is needless to describe the symptoms of this nauseous disease that is sapping the life and strength of only too many of the fairest and best of both sexes4 ,labor1 study1 and research in ,america1 ,europe1 and ,eastern lands1 have resulted in the ,magnetic ,lung ,protector1 affording cure for ,catarrh1 a remedy which contains ,,no ,,drugging ,,of ,,the ,,system1 and with the continuous stream of ,magnetism permeating through the afflicted organs1 ,,must ,,restore ,,them ,,to ,a ,,healthy ,,action4 ,,we ,,place ,,our ,,price for this ,appliance at less than one-twentieth of the price asked by others for remedies upon which you take all the chances1 and ,,we ,,especially ,,invite the patronage of the ,,many ,,persons who have tried ,,drugging ,,the ,,stomachs ,,without ,,effect4 ,,how ,,to ,,obtain ,this ,appliance4 ,go to your druggist and ask for them4 ,if they have not got them1 write to the proprietors1 enclosing the price1 in letter at our risk1 and they will be sent to you at once by mail1 post paid4 ,send stamp for the ,new ,departure in ,medical ,treatment ,,without ,,medicine1 with thousands of testimonials1 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co41 #bah ,state ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,note4--,send one dollar in postage stamps or currency 7in letter at our risk7 with size of shoe usually worn1 and try a pair of our ,magnetic ,insoles1 and be convinced of the power residing in our ,magnetic ,appliances4 ,positively no cold feet where they are worn1 or money refunded4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,agents make over ,,one hundred per cent4 profit selling the ,,reflecting ,,safety ,,lamp which can be sold in every family4 ,gives more light than three ordinary lamps4 ,,sample ,,lamp ,,sent ,,for ,,fifty ,,cents ,,in ,,stamps4 ,we have other household articles4 ,send for circulars4 ,,forsee ,,mcmakin1 ,,cincinnati1 ,o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publications4 ,,marshall ,m4 ,,kirkman',s ,,books ,,on ,,railroad ,,topics4 ,,do ,,you ,,want ,,to ,,become ,a ,,railroad ,,man ,,if ,,you ,,do1 ,,the ,,books ,,described ,,below ,,point ,,the ,,way4 ,the most promising field for men of talent and ambition at the present day is the railroad service4 ,the pay is large in many instances1 while the service is continuous and honorable4 ,most of our railroad men began life on the farm4 ,of this class is the author of the accompanying books descriptive of railway operations1 who has been connected continuously with railroads as a subordinate and officer for #bg years4 ,he was brought up on a farm1 and began railroading as a lad at #g per month4 ,he has written a number of standard books on various topics connected with the organization1 construction1 management and policy of railroads4 ,these books are of interest not only to railroad men but to the general reader as well4 ,they are indispensable to the student4 ,they present every phase of railroad life1 and are written in an easy and simple style that both interests and instructs4 ,the books are as follows3 ,,railway ,,expenditures--,,their ,,extent1 ,,object ,,and ,,economy4--,a ,practical ,treatise on ,construction and ,operation4 ,in ,two ,volumes1 #hej pages4 #d4jj ,,hand ,,book ,,of ,,railway ,,expenditures4--,practical ,directions for ,keeping the ,expenditure ,accounts4 #b4jj ,,railway ,,revenue ,,and ,,its ,,collection4--,and ,explaining the ,organization of ,railroads4 #b4ej ,,the ,,baggage ,,parcel ,,and ,,mail ,,traffic ,,of ,,railroads4--,an interesting work on this important service2 #dbe pages4 #b4jj ,,train ,,and ,,station ,,service--,giving ,the ,principal ,rules and ,regulations governing ,trains2 #bhj pages4 #b4jj ,,the ,,track ,,accounts ,,of ,,railroads4--,and how they should be kept4 ,pamphlet4 #a4jj ,,the ,,freight ,,traffic ,,way-,,bill4--,its ,uses ,illustrated and ,described4 ,pamphlet4 4#ej ,,mutual ,,guarantee4--,a ,treatise on ,mutual ,suretyship4 ,pamphlet4 4#ej ,any of the above books will be sent post paid on receipt of price1 by ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 #aej ,monroe ,st4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,money should be remitted by express1 or by draft check or post office order4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,only ,,one ,,dollar ,a ,,year4 ,,look at this ,,magnificent ,,offer for #ahhd4 ,one of these beautiful ,cluster ,regard ,rings or #g ,,beautiful ,,oil ,,chromos1 and these ,,handsome ,,solitaire ,,parisian ,,diamond ,,ear ,,drops4 ,this is no humbug1 but a chance that will never be offered again1 as it appears but once4 ,so do not let ,,this ,,chance ,,slip by when you can get any of these ,,beautiful ,,articles by subscribing for the ,,leading ,,family ,,story ,,paper1 ,,household ,,and ,,farm1 providing your order is received on or before ,,march #ae,,th1 #ahhd4 ,as we wish to introduce our ,illustrated ,family ,paper1 ,,the ,,household ,,and ,,farm1 in fifty thousand new homes1 and in order to do so we make this wonderful offer4 ,,the ,,household ,,and ,,farm 7,subscription price only #a4jj per year71 is a sixteen page family paper1 illustrated1 cut and bound1 and same size as ,harper's ,weekly1 and brimful of interesting reading for the household4 ,this offer is only extended to ,,one ,,member ,,of ,,each ,,family1 and will not be made again4 ,postage ,stamps taken4 ,address1 ,illustration ,,household ,,farm1 #i ,spruce ,street1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #bhcd4 ,,new ,,york4 ,,household4 ,for nothing lovelier can be found ,in woman than to study household good4--,milton4 ,,going ,,up ,,head4 ,,an ,,old ,,soldier',s ,,story4 ,the low school-house stood in a green ,wabash wood ,lookin' out on long levels of corn like a sea-- ,a little log-house1 hard benches1 and we1 ,big barefooted boys and rough 'uns1 we stood ,in line with the gals and tried to get 'head ,at spellin' each day when the lessons was said4 ,but one1 ,bally ,dean1 tall1 bony1 and green ,as green corn in the milk1 stood fast at the foot-- ,stood day after day1 as if he'd been put ,a soldier on guard there did poor ,bally ,dean4 ,and stupid6 ,god made him so stupid ,i doubt-- ,but ,i guess ,god who made us knows what ,he's about4 ,he'd a long way to walk4 ,but he wouldn't once talk ,of that1 nor the chores for his mother who lay ,a shakin' at home4 ,still1 day after day ,he stood at the foot till the class 'gan to mock6 ,then to master he plead1 ,oh ,i'd like to go head6 ,now it wasn't so much1 but the way it was said4 ,then the war struck the land6 ,why the barefooted band ,it just nailed up that door3 and the very next day1 ,with master for ,cap'en1 went marchin' away2 ,and ,bally the butt of the whole ,wabash band4 ,but he bore with it all1 yet once firmly said1 ,when ,i get back home1 ,i'm agoin' up head6 ,oh1 that school-house that stood in the wild ,wabash wood6 ,the rank weeds were growin' like ghosts through the floor4 ,the squirrels hulled nuts on the sill of the door4 ,and the gals stood in groups scrapin' lint where they stood4 ,and we boys6 ,how we sighed2 how we sickened and died ,for the days that had been1 for a place at their side4 ,then one fever-crazed and his better sense dazed ,and dulled with heart-sickness all duty forgot2 ,deserted1 was taken1 condemned to be shot6 ,and ,bally ,dean guardin' his comrade half crazed1 ,slow paced up and down while he slept where he lay ,in the tent waitin' death at the first flush of day4 ,and ,bally ,dean thought of the boy to be shot1 ,of the fair girl he loved in the woods far away2 ,of the true love that grew like a red rose of ,may2 ,and he stopped where he stood1 and he thought and he thought ,then a sudden star fell1 shootin' on overhead4 ,and he knew that his mother beckon'd onto the dead4 ,and he said what have ,i8 ,though ,i live though ,i die4 ,who shall care for me now8 ,then the dull1 muffled drum ,struck his ear1 and he knew that the master had come ,with the squad4 ,and he passed in the tent with a sigh1 ,and the doomed lad crept forth1 and the drowsy squad led ,with low trailin' guns to the march of the dead4 ,then with face turned away tow'rd a dim streak of day1 ,and his voice full of tears the poor bowed master said1 ,as he fell on his knees and uncovered his head3 ,come boys it is school time1 let us all pray4 ,and we prayed4 ,and the lad by the coffin alone ,was tearless1 was silent1 was still as a stone4 ,in line1 master said1 and he stood at the head2 ,but he couldn't speak now4 ,so he drew out his sword ,and dropped the point low for the last fatal word4 ,then the rifles rang out1 and a soldier fell dead6 ,the master sprang forward4 ,great ,heaven1 he said1 ,it is ,bally1 poor ,bally1 and he's gone up head6 --,joaquin ,miller4 ,,too ,,fat ,,to ,,marry4 ,a very fat young woman came to my office and asked to see me privately4 ,when we were alone she said3 ,are you sure no one can overhear us8 ,quite sure4 ,you won't laugh at me1 will you8 ,madam1 ,i should be unworthy of your confidence if ,i could be guilty of such a rudeness4 ,thank you1 sir2 but no one ever called upon you on such a ridiculous errand4 ,you won't think me an idiot1 will you8 ,i beg of you to go on4 ,you don't care to know my name or residence8 ,certainly not1 if you care to conceal them4 ,i have called to consult you about the strangest thing in the world4 ,i will tell you all4 ,i am twenty-three years old4 ,when ,i was nineteen ,i weighed #abb pounds2 now ,i weigh #bji2 ,i am all filling up with fat4 ,i can hardly breathe4 ,the best young man that ever lived loves me1 and has been on the point of asking me to marry him1 but of course he sees ,i am growing worse all the time and he don't dare venture4 ,i can't blame him4 ,he is the noblest man in the world1 and could marry any one he chooses4 ,i don't blame him for not wishing to unite himself to such a tub as ,i am4 ,why1 ,doctor1 you don't know how fat ,i am4 ,i am a sight to behold4 ,and now ,i have come to see if any thing can be done4 ,i know you have studied up all sorts of curious subjects1 and ,i thought you might be able to tell me how to get rid of this dreadful curse4 ,she had been talking faster and faster1 and with more and more feeling 7after the manner of fat women1 who are always emotional71 until she broke down in hysterical sobs4 ,i inquired about her habits--table and otherwise4 ,she replied3 ,oh1 ,i starve myself2 ,i don't eat enough to keep a canary bird alive1 and yet ,i grow fatter and fatter all the time4 ,i don't believe anything can be done for me4 ,we all have our afflictions1 and ,i suppose we ought to bear them with fortitude4 ,i wouldn't mind for myself1 but it's just breaking his heart2 if it wasn't for him ,i could be reconciled4 ,i then explained to her our nervous system1 and the bearing certain conditions of one class of nerves has upon the deposition of adipose tissue4 ,i soon saw she was not listening1 but was mourning her sorrow4 ,then ,i asked her if she would be willing to follow a prescription ,i might give her4 ,willing8 willing8 she cried4 ,i would be willing to go through fire1 or to have my flesh cut off with red-hot knives4 ,there is nothing ,i would not be willing to endure if ,i could only get rid of this horrible condition4 ,i prepared a prescription for her1 and arranged that she should call upon me once a week1 that ,i might supervise her progress and have frequent opportunities to encourage her4 ,the prescription which ,i read to her was this3 #a4 ,for breakfast eat a piece of beef or mutton as large as your hand1 with a slice of white bread twice as large4 ,for dinner the same amount of meat1 or1 if preferred1 fish or poultry1 with the same amount of farinaceous or vegetable food in the form of bread or potato4 ,for supper1 nothing4 #b4 ,drink only when greatly annoyed with thirst2 then a mouthful of lemonade without sugar4 #c4 ,take three times a week some form of bath1 in which there shall be immense perspiration4 ,the ,turkish bath is best4 ,you must work1 either in walking or some other way1 several hours a day4 ,but1 doctor1 ,i can't walk2 my feet are sore4 ,i thought that might be the case1 but if the soles of your shoes are four inches broad1 and are thick and strong1 walking will not hurt your feet4 ,you must walk or work until you perspire freely1 every day of the week4 ,of course1 you are in delicate health1 with little endurance1 but1 as you have told me that you are willing to do anything1 you are to work hard at something six or seven hours every day4 #d4 ,you must rise early in the morning1 and retire late at night4 ,much sleep fattens people4 #e4 ,the terrible corset you have on1 which compresses the center of the body1 making you look a great deal fatter than you really are1 must be taken off1 and you must have a corset which any dress maker can fit to you--a corset for the lower part of the abdomen1 which will raise this great mass and support it4 ,this is all the advice ,i have to give you at present4 ,at first you will lose half a pound a day4 ,in the first three months you will lose from twenty to thirty pounds4 ,in six months1 forty pounds4 ,you will constantly improve in health1 get over this excessive emotion1 and be much stronger4 ,every one knows that a very fat horse weighing #a1bjj pounds1 can be quickly reduced to #a1jjj pounds with great improvement to activity and health4 ,it is still easier with a human being4 ,that you may know exactly what is being done1 ,i wish you to be weighed2 write the figures in your memorandum1 and one week from now1 when you come again1 weigh yourself and tell me how much you have lost4 ,i happened to be out of the city and did not see her until her second visit1 two weeks from our last meeting4 ,it was plain when she entered that already her system was being toned up1 and when we were again in my private office1 she said3 ,i have lost six and a half pounds2 not quite as much as you told me1 but ,i am delighted1 though nearly starved4 ,i have done exactly as you prescribed1 and shall continue to if it kills me4 ,you must be very careful not to make any mistakes1 for ,i shall do just as you say4 ,at first the thirst was dreadful4 ,i thought ,i could not bear it4 ,but now ,i have very little trouble with that4 ,about four months after our first meeting this young woman brought a handsome young man with her1 and after a pleasant chat1 she said to me3 ,we are engaged2 but ,i have told my friend that ,i shall not consent to become his wife until ,i have a decent shape4 ,when ,i came to you ,i weighed #bji pounds2 ,i now weigh #afc pounds4 ,i am ten times as strong1 active1 and healthy as ,i was then1 and ,i have made up my mind1 for my friend has left it altogether to me1 that when ,i have lost ten or fifteen pounds more1 we shall send you the invitations4 ,as the wedding day approached she brought the figures #aeb on a card1 and exclaimed1 with her blue eyes running over3 ,i am the happiest girl in the world1 and don't you think ,i have honestly earned it8 ,i think ,i am a great deal happier than ,i should have been had ,i not worked for it4 ,the papers said the bride was beautiful4 ,i thought she was1 and ,i suppose no one but herself and husband felt as much interested in that beauty as ,i did4 ,i took a sort of scientific interest in it4 ,we made the usual call upon them during the first month1 and when1 two months after the wedding1 they were spending the evening with us1 ,i asked him if his wife had told him about my relations with her avoirdupois8 ,he laughed heartily1 and replied3 ,oh1 yes1 she has told me everything1 ,i suppose3 but wasn't it funny8 ,not very4 ,i am sure you wouldn't have thought it funny if you could have heard our first interview4 ,it was just the reverse of funny2 don't you think so madam8 ,i am sure it was the most anxious visit ,i ever paid any one4 ,doctor1 my good husband says he should have married me just the same1 but ,i think he would have been a goose if he had4 ,yes1 said the husband1 it was foreordained that we two should be one4 ,to be sure it was1 replied the happy wife1 because it was foreordained that ,i should get rid of those horrid fifty-seven pounds4 ,i am going down till ,i reach one hundred and forty pounds1 and there ,i will stop1 unless my husband says one hundred and thirty4 ,i am willing do anything to please him4--,dio ,lewis' ,monthly4 ,,ornaments ,,for ,,homes4 ,it is not the most expensively furnished houses that are the most homelike1 besides comparatively few persons have the means to gratify their love of pretty little ornaments with which to beautify their homes4 ,it is really painful to visit some houses2 there naked walls and cheerless rooms meet you yet there are many such1 and children in them too4 ,how much might these homes be brightened by careful forethought in making some little ornaments that are really of no expense1 save the time4 ,comb cases1 card receivers1 letter holders1 match safes1 paper racks1 cornucopias1 and many other pretty and useful things can easily be made of nice clean paste board boxes 7and the boxes are to be found in a variety of colors74 ,for any of these cut out the parts and nicely sew them together1 and the seams and raw edges can be covered with narrow strips of bright hued paper or tape4 ,ornament them with transfer or scrap pictures4 ,i have seen very pretty vases for holding dried flowers and grasses1 made of plain dark brown pasteboard1 and the seams neatly covered with narrow strips of paper4 ,pretty ottomans can be made by covering any suitable sized box with a bit of carpeting1 and stuffing the top with straw or cotton4 ,or1 if the carpeting is not convenient1 piece a covering of worsteds4 ,a log cabin would be a pretty pattern4 ,to amuse the children during the long winter months1 make a scrap-book of pictures4 ,collect all the old illustrated books1 papers1 and magazines1 and cut out the pictures and with mucilage nicely paste them in a book1 first removing alternate leaves so it will not be too bulky4 ,perhaps this last remark is slightly wandering from my subject1 but ,i can't help it1 ,i love the little folks and want them happy4 ,cares and trouble will come to them soon enough4 ,autograph albums are quite the rage nowadays1 and children get the idea and quite naturally think it pretty nice1 and want an album too4 ,for them make a pretty album in the form of a boot4 ,for the outside use plain red cardboard2 for the inside leaves use unruled paper2 fasten at the top with two tiny bows of narrow blue ribbon4 ,a lady sent my little girl an autograph album after this pattern for a birthday present and it is very neat indeed4 ,any of the little folks who want a pattern of it can have it and welcome by sending stamp to pay postage4 ,for the wee little girl make a nice rag doll2 it will please her quite as well as a boughten one1 and certainly last much longer4 ,i have a good pattern for a doll which you may also have if you wish it4 ,a nice receptacle for pins1 needles1 thread1 etc41 can be made in form of an easy chair or sofa4 ,cut the part of pasteboard and cover the seat1 arms1 and back with cloth1 and stuff with cotton4 ,brackets made of pasteboard will do service a long time4 ,,mrs4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,warner ,,south ,,saginaw1 ,,mich4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,railroads4 ,illustration ,a ,,man ,,who ,,is ,,unacquainted ,,with ,,the ,,geography ,,of ,,this ,,country ,,will ,,see ,,by ,,examining ,,this ,,map ,,that ,,the ,,chicago1 ,,rock ,,island ,,pacific ,r',y ,by the central position of its line1 connects the ,east and the ,west by the shortest route1 and carries passengers1 without change of cars1 between ,chicago and ,kansas ,city1 ,council ,bluffs1 ,leavenworth1 ,atchison1 ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul4 ,it connects in ,union ,depots with all the principal lines of road between the ,atlantic and the ,pacific ,oceans4 ,its equipment is unrivaled and magnificent1 being composed of ,most ,comfortable and ,beautiful ,day ,coaches1 ,magnificent ,horton ,reclining ,chair ,cars1 ,pullman's ,prettiest ,palace ,sleeping ,cars1 and the ,best ,line of ,dining ,cars in the ,world4 ,three ,trains between ,chicago and ,missouri ,river ,points4 ,two ,trains between ,chicago and ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul1 via the ,famous ,,albert ,,lea ,,route4 ,a ,new and ,direct ,line1 via ,seneca and ,kankakee1 has recently been opened between ,richmond ,norfolk1 ,newport ,news1 ,chattanooga1 ,atlanta1 ,augusta1 ,nashville1 ,louisville1 ,lexington1 ,cincinnati ,indianapolis and ,lafayette1 and ,omaha1 ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul and intermediate points4 ,all ,through ,passengers ,travel on ,fast ,express ,trains4 ,tickets for sale at all principal ,ticket ,offices in the ,united ,states and ,canada4 ,baggage checked through and rates of fare always as low as competitors that offer less advantages4 ,for detailed information1 get the ,maps and ,folders of the ,,great ,,rock ,,island ,,route1 ,at your nearest ,ticket ,office1 or address ,r4,r4 ,,cable1 ,vice-,pres4 ,gen'l ,m'g'r1 ,e4 ,,st4 ,,john1 ,gen'l ,tkt4 ,pass4 ,agt4 ,,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,maps4 ,,rand1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,co4',s ,,new ,,railroad --,,and-- ,,county ,,map --,,of ,,the-- ,,united ,,states --,,and-- ,,dominion ,,of ,,canada4 ,size1 #d #b-a_/b feet1 mounted on rollers to hang on the wall4 ,this is an ,,entirely ,,new ,,map1 ,constructed from the most recent and authentic sources4 --,,it ,,shows-- ,,all ,,the ,,railroads1 --,,and-- ,,every ,,county ,,and ,,principal ,,town --,,in ,,the-- ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada4 ,a useful ,map in every one's home1 and place of business4 ,,price1 #b4jj4 ,agents wanted1 to whom liberal inducements will be given4 ,address ,,rand1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,by arrangements with the publishers of this ,map we are enabled to make the following liberal offer3 ,to each person who will remit us #b4be we will send copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,one ,year and ,,this ,,map ,,postpaid4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,facts ,,about ,arkansas and ,texas4 ,a handsome book1 beautifully illustrated1 with colored diagrams1 giving reliable information as to crops1 population1 religious denominations1 commerce1 timber1 ,railroads1 lands1 etc41 etc4 ,sent free to any address on receipt of a #b-;cent stamp4 ,address ,h4,c4 ,,townsend1 ,,gen4 ,,passenger ,,agt41 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 #ejj ,,virginia ,,farms ,,mills ,,for ,,sale ,,and ,,exchange4 ,write for free ,,real ,,estate ,,journal4 ,r4,b4 ,,chaffin ,,co41 ,richmond1 ,virginia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is the ,cheapest and ,best ,agricultural ,paper published4 ,only #b4jj per year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe2 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 ,,our ,,young ,,folks ,,chat ,,about ,a ,,bear4 ,as ,i promised you last week1 ,i will try and tell you about the bear ,i saw a few months ago away down in ,nova ,scotia1 not many miles from that quaint old city of ,halifax4 ,do ,i hear some of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer boys and girls exclaim1 as a real grown-up lady did just before ,i left ,chicago3 ,halifax6 why1 yes1 ,i have heard tell of the place1 but did not think that anybody ever really went there4 ,people do go there1 however1 by the hundreds in the summer time1 and a most delightful1 hospitable1 charming class of inhabitants do they find the ,blue ,noses1 as they are called--that is1 when one goes to them very well introduced4 ,but we will have a little talk about ,halifax and surroundings when you have heard about the bear4 ,well1 in the first place ,i did not1 of course1 see the bear in the city1 but in a place called ,sackville--a section of country about five miles long1 and extending over hill and dale and valley2 through woods and across streams4 ,my host owned a beautiful farm--picturesquely beautiful only1 not with a money-making beauty--situated upon the slope of a hill1 where one could stand and look upon the most tender of melting sunsets1 away off toward the broad old ocean4 ,one morning as we were all gathered upon the front stoop1 grandpa1 mamma1 baby1 kitten and all1 we looked down the valley and saw coming up the hill1 led by two men1 an immense yellow bear4 ,one of the farm hands was sent to call the men and the bear up to the house4 ,the men1 who were ,swiss1 were glad enough to come1 as they were taking bruin through the country to show off his tricks and make thereby a little money4 ,the children were somewhat afraid at first1 but soon felt quite safe when they saw he was firmly secured by a rope4 ,old bruin's keeper first gave him a drink of water1 then poured a pailful over him1 which he seemed to enjoy very much1 as the day was a warm one4 ,one of the men said something in ,swiss1 at which the bear gave a roar-like grunt and commenced to dance4 ,around and around the great lumbering fellow went on his two hind legs1 holding his fore paws in the air4 ,it was not what one would call a very airy waltz1 however4 ,again the keeper spoke1 and immediately bruin threw himself upon the ground and turned somersaults1 making us all laugh heartily4 ,he then told him to shake hands 7but all in ,swiss71 and it was too funny to see the great awkward animal waddle up on his hind legs and extend first one paw and then the other4 ,but what interested us all most1 both big and little1 was to hear the man say1 ,kisse me1 and then to watch the bear throw out his long tongue and lick his keeper's face4 ,we then gave the bear some milk to drink1 when suddenly he gave a bound forward toward the baby4 ,but he was securely tied1 as we well knew4 ,the milk roused all the beast's savage instincts1 one of the men said4 ,but what will interest you most of all will be the fact that on the farm 7which consisted of five hundred acres1 nearly all woodland7 there were seen almost every morning the footprints of a real savage bear4 ,the sheep were fast disappearing1 and the farmers about were not a little worried4 ,one day ,i went for a walk into these same woods1 and such woods6 you ,western boys and girls could not possibly imagine them--the old moss-covered logs1 and immense trees cut down years ago and left to lie there until all overgrown with mosses and lichens4 ,i never before experienced such a feeling of solitude as in that walk of over a mile in length through those deep dark woods1 where sometimes we had literally to cut our way through with our little hatchets 7we always carried them with us when in the forest74 ,as ,i sauntered on1 those lines of ,longfellow's in ,evangeline1 came unconsciously to my mind1 so exactly did they describe the place3 ,this is the forest primeval4 ,the murmuring pines and the hemlocks1 ,bearded with moss1 and in garments green1 indistinct in the twilight1 ,stand like ,druids of old1 with voices sad and prophetic4 ,stand like harpers hoar1 with beards that rest on their bosoms4 ,loud from its rocky caverns1 the deep voiced neighboring ocean ,speaks1 and in accents disconsolate answers the wail of the forest4 ,nova ,scotia is1 as you all know the ,acadian country of which our own fireside poet writes so beautifully4 ,it was but a few miles from where ,i was visiting that the scene of ,evangeline1 that exquisitely tender romance which so thrills the hearts of both old and young1 was laid4 ,as ,i drove through the country1 coming ever and anon unexpectedly upon one of the many beautiful lakes from half a mile to two miles in length1 in fancy ,i pictured the fair ,evangeline and her guide1 the good ,father ,felician1 skirting these lakes in a light canoe as they traversed the whole and through in the sad and fruitless search for the lost lover ,gabriel4 ,no wonder the soul of the poet was filled with such strange1 mystic beauty which thus found expression in rhythm and song1 for ,acadia has an enchantment all its own and can best be interpreted by the diviner thought of the poet4 ,but ,i am afraid1 boys and girls1 that ,i have chatted with you so long now that there will be scarcely room this week to touch upon ,halifax4 ,but1 however1 if you wish1 ,i will try and talk to you about it next week1 and tell you of some of the winter sports the little ,blue ,noses indulge in in the winter time4 ,,mary ,,howe4 ,a ,,fairy ,,story ,,by ,,little ,,johnny4 ,me an ,billy we ben readn fairy tales1 an ,i never see such woppers4 ,i bet the feller wich rote em will be burnt every tiny little bit up wen he dies1 but ,billy says they are all true but the facks4 ,uncle ,ned sed cude ,i tell one1 and ,i ast him wot about1 and he sed3 ,wel ,johnny1 as you got to do the tellin ,i'le leav the choice of subjeck entirely to you2 jest giv us some thing about a little boy that went and sook his forten4 ,so ,i sed3 ,one time there was a little boy went out for to seek his forten1 and first thing he see was great big yello posy on a punkin vine4 ,then ,uncle ,ned he sed3 ,johnny1 was that the punkin vine wich your bed once had a bizness connection with8 ,but ,i didn't anser1 only went on with the story4 ,so the little boy he wocked into the posy1 and crold down the vine on his hands and kanees bout ten thousan hundred miles1 till he come bime bi to a door1 wich he opened an went in an found hisself in a grate big house1 ofle nice like a kings pallows or a hotell4 ,but the little boy dident find any body to home and went out a other door1 where he see a ocion with a bote1 and he got in the bote4 ,then ,uncle ,ned he sed a uther time3 ,johnny1 excuse the ignance of a man wich has been in ,injy an evry were1 but is it the regular thing for punkin vines to have sea side resorts in em8 ,but ,i only sed3 ,wen the little boy had saild out of site of land the bote it sunk1 and he went down1 down1 down in the water1 like he was tied around the neck of a mill stone1 till he was swollowed by a wale1 cos wales is the largest of created beings wich plows the deep1 but lions is the king of beests1 an the ,american eagle can lick ol other birds1 hooray6 ,wen the boy was a seekn his forten in the stummeck of the wales belly he cut to a fence1 an wen he had got over the fence he found hisself in a rode runin thru a medder1 and it was a ofle nice country fur as he cude see4 ,uncle ,ned sed3 ,did he put up at the same way side inn wich was patternized by ,jonah wen he pennitrated to that part of the morl vinyerd8 ,but ,i said3 ,bimebi he seen a rope hangin down from the ski1 and he begin for to clime it up1 a sayin1 ',snitchety1 snatchety1 up ,i go1' 'wot time is it old witch8' 'niggers as good as a white man1' 'fee-faw-fum1' ',chinese mus go1' 'all men is equil fore de law1' 'blitherum1 blatherum1 boo1' and all the words of madgick wich he cude think of4 ,after a wile it got reel dark1 but he kep on a climeing1 and pretty sune he see a round spot of dalite over his hed1 and then he cum up out of a well in a grate city4 ,jest then my father he came in1 and he said3 ,johnny1 you get the bucket and go to the wel and fetch sum water for your mother to wash the potatoes4 ,but ,i said it was ,billy's tern1 and ,billy he sed twasent no sech thing1 and ,i said he lide1 and he hit me on the snoot of my nose1 and we fot a fite1 but victery percht upon the banners of my father1 cos he had a stick4 ,then wile me and ,billy was crying ,uncle ,ned he spoke up and begun3 ,one time there was a grate ,north ,american fairy taler-- ,but ,i jest fetched ,mose a kick1 wich is the cat1 and went out and pitcht into ,sammy ,doppy1 which licked me reel mean4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,breeders ,,directory4 ,the following list embraces the names of responsible and reliable ,breeders in their line1 and parties wishing to purchase or obtain information can feel assured that they will be honorably dealt with3 ,,cattle4 ,jersey4 ,mills1 ,charles ,f444444444444444444444,springfield1 ,illinois ,,horses4 ,clydesdales4 ,mills1 ,charles ,f444444444444444444444,springfield1 ,illinois ,,swine4 ,berkshire4 ,mills1 ,charles ,f444444444444444444444,springfield1 ,illinois ,chester ,whites4 ,w4,a4 ,gilbert4444444444444444444444,wauwatosa ,wis4 ,,sheep4 ,cotswold4 ,mills1 ,charles ,f444444444444444444444,springfield1 ,illinois 99 99 99 99 99 ,,live ,,stock1 ,etc4 ,jersey ,bulls4 ,,jersey ,,breeders desiring young bulls of the most approved form and breeding1 and representing the families most noted for large yields of butter1 will serve their interests by addressing the undersigned4 ,stock recorded in ,a4 ,j4 ,c4 ,c4 ,h4 ,r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cotswold ,sheep4 ,,choice representatives of this large and popular breed of sheep for sale at prices satisfactory to buyers4 ,ewes and rams of different ages4 ,breeding stock recorded in the ,american ,cotswold ,record4 ,,chas4 ,f4 ,,mills1 ,springfield1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,victoria ,,swine4 ,illustration ,,falstaff4 ,winner of ,first ,prize ,chicago ,fat ,stock ,show #ahgh4 ,originators of this famous breed4 ,also breeders of ,pekin ,ducks and ,light ,brahma ,fowls4 ,stock for sale4 ,send for circular ,a4 ,,schiedt ,,davis1 ,dyer1 ,lake ,co4 ,ind4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,we will send you a watch or a chain ,,by ,,mail ,,or ,,express1 ,c4 ,o4 ,d41 to be examined before paying any money and if not satisfactory1 returned at our expense4 ,we manufacture all our watches and save you #cj per cent4 ,catalogue of #bej styles free4 ,,every ,,watch ,,warranted4 ,,address ,,standard ,,american ,,watch ,,co41 ,,pittsburgh1 ,,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,medical4 ,weak ,nervous ,men ,illustration3 ,whose ,,debility1 ,,exhausted ,,powers1 premature decay and failure to perform ,,life',s ,,duties properly are caused by excesses1 errors of youth1 etc41 will find a perfect and lasting restoration to ,,robust ,,health and ,,vigorous ,,manhood in ,,the ,,marston ,,bolus4 ,neither stomach drugging nor instruments4 ,this treatment of ,,nervous ,,debility and ,,physical ,,decay is uniformly successful because based on perfect diagnosis1 ,,new ,,and ,,direct ,,methods and absolute ,,thoroughness4 ,full information and ,treatise free4 ,address ,consulting ,physician of ,,marston ,,remedy ,,co41 #df,w4 #adth ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,two ,,ladies ,,met ,,one ,,day4 ,one said to the other ,by the way how is that ,catarrh of yours8 ,why it's simply horrid1 getting worse every day4 ,well1 why don't you try ',,dr4 ,,sykes' ,,sure ,,cure1' ,i know it will cure you6 ,well1 then ,i will1 for ,i've tried everything else4 ,just six weeks afterward they met again and ,no4 #a said4 ,why1 how much better you look1 what's up6 ,going to get married1 or what8 ,well1 yes1 and it's all owing to ',,dr4 ,,sykes' ,,sure ,,cure ,,for ,,catarrh2' oh1 why didn't ,i know of it before8 it's simply wonderful4 ,send #aj cents to ,dr4 ,c4,r4 ,sykes1 #aha ,monroe street1 ,chicago1 for valuable book of full information1 and mention the ,two ,ladies4 99 99 99 99 99 #cj ,,days' ,,trial ,,dr4 ,,dye',s ,illustration ,,electro ,,voltaic ,,belt1 and other ,,electric ,,appliances4 ,we will send on ,thirty ,days' ,trial1 ,,to ,,men1 ,,young ,,or ,,old1 who are suffering from ,,nervous ,,debility1 ,,lost ,,vitality1 and those diseases of a ,,personal ,,nature resulting from ,,abuses and ,,other ,,causes4 ,speedy relief and complete restoration to ,,health1 ,,vigor and ,,manhood ,,guaranteed4 ,send at once for ,illustrated ,pamphlet free4 ,address ,,voltaic ,,belt ,,co41 ,,marshall1 ,,mich4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,cure ,,fits6 ,when ,i say cure ,i do not mean merely to stop them for a time and then have them return again1 ,i mean a radical cure4 ,i have made the disease of ,,fits1 ,,epilepsy or ,,falling ,,sickness a life-long study4 ,i warrant my remedy to cure the worst cases4 ,because others have failed is no reason for not now receiving a cure4 ,send at once for a treatise and a ,free ,bottle of my infallible remedy4 ,give ,express and ,post ,office4 ,it costs you nothing for a trial1 and ,i will cure you4 ,address ,dr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,root1 #ahc ,pearl ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,best ,,quality4 ,illustration #hj ,cards ,new designs in ,satin and ,gold finish1 with name1 #aj cts4 ,we offer #ajj for a pack of cards any nicer work1 or prettier styles4 ,samples free4 ,,eagle ,,card ,,works1 ,,new ,,haven1 ,,ct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,diamonds ,,free6 ,we desire to make the circulation of our paper #bej1jjj during the next six months4 ,to accomplish which we will give absolutely free a genuine ,,first ,,water ,diamond ,ring1 and the ,home ,companion for one year1 for only #b4jj4 ,our reasons for making this unprecedented offer are as follows2 ,a newspaper with #bjj1jjj subscribers can get #a;c4 per line per #a1jjj of circulation for its advertising space1 or #e1jjj per issue ,,more than it costs to produce and mail the paper4 ,with but #aj1jjj or #bj1jjj subscribers1 its advertising revenues do not pay expenses4 ,only the papers with mammoth circulations make fortunes for their owners1 ,,derived ,,from ,,advertising ,,space4 ,for these and other reasons1 we regard #ajj1jjj subscribers as being of more financial benefit to a paper than the paper is to the subscribers4 ,with #ajj1jjj or #bjj1jjj bona-fide subscribers1 we make #ajj1jjj to #bjj1jjj a year clear profit from advertising1 above cost of publishing4 ,without a large circulation1 we would lose money4 ,therefore1 to secure a very large circulation1 and thus receive high rates and large profits from advertising space1 this ,,only ,,equitable plan of conducting business is adopted4 ,,the ,,first ,,question ,,to ,,be ,,answered ,,is1--is the diamond pure--a genuine stone8 ,,our ,,answer ,,is ,,yes4 ,the stone is ,,guaranteed to be no ,alaska ,diamond1 ,rhine ,pebble1 or other imitation1 but a ,,warranted ,,genuine ,,and ,,pure ,,diamond4 ,if it is not found so by the most careful and searching tests1 we will refund the money1 enter the subscriber's name on our list1 and have the paper mailed to him free during its existence4 ,to the publisher of this paper has been sent a guarantee from the manufacturing ,jeweler1 from whom we obtain these rings1 that they are just as represented1 so that readers may rely upon the promises being fulfilled to the letter4 ,the second question is1 ,,is ,,the ,,paper ,a ,,desirable ,,family ,,journal8 ,,yes4 ,it contains contributions from the first writers of the times3 fiction1 choice facts1 intellectual food of the most interesting1 instructive and refined character4 ,it is one of the ,,leading ,,papers ,,of ,,the ,,progressive ,,west4 ,we are determined to make it the most desirable and reliable paper in the ,united ,states2 will spare no effort or money to achieve that object4 ,sample ,copies sent free on application4 ,remit by draft1 express1 or new postal note1 to ,,the ,,home ,,companion4 ,n4,w4 ,cor4 ,fourth and ,race ,streets1 ,cincinnati1 ,o4 ,don't fail to name the paper in which you see this advertisement4 99 99 99 99 99 ,don't be ,humbugged ,with ,poor1 ,cheap ,coulters4 ,illustration ,all farmers have had trouble with their ,coulters4 ,in a few days they get to wabbling1 are condemned and thrown aside4 ,in our ,,boss ,coulter we furnish a tool which can scarcely be worn out2 and when worn1 the wearable parts1 a prepared wood journal1 and movable thimble in the hub 7held in place by a key7 can be easily and cheaply renewed4 ,,we ,,guarantee ,,our ,,boss to plow more acres than any other three ,coulters now used4 ,,our ,o4 ,k4 ,,clamp ,attaches the ,coulter to any size or kind of beam1 either right or left hand plow4 ,we know that after using it you will say it is ,,the ,,best ,,tool ,,on ,,the ,,market4 ,ask your dealer for it4 ,manufactured by the ,,boss ,,coulter ,,co41 ,bunker ,hill1 ,ills4 ,,literature4 ,,for ,,those ,,who ,,fail4 ,all honor to him who shall win the prize1 ,the world has cried for a thousand years1 ,but to him who tries and who fails and dies ,i give great honor and glory and tears4 ,give glory and honor and pitiful tears ,to all who fail in their deeds sublime1 ,their ghosts are many in the van of years1 ,they were born with ,time in advance of ,time4 ,oh1 great is the hero who wins a name1 ,but greater many and many a time ,some pale-faced fellow who dies in shame ,and lets ,god finish the thought sublime4 ,and great is the man with a sword undrawn1 ,and good is the man who refrains from wine2 ,but the man who fails and yet still fights on1 ,lo1 he is the twin-born brother of mine4 --,joaquin ,miller4 ,a ,,singular ,,philosopher4 ,hon4 ,henry ,cavendish was born in ,england1 ,oct4 #aj1 #agca1 and died ,feb4 #ba1 #ahaj4 ,cavendish was the son of ,lord ,charles ,cavendish1 a son of the ,duke of ,devonshire2 and his mother was ,lady ,anne ,grey1 daughter of ,henry1 ,duke of ,kent4 ,it is thus seen that the subject of this sketch belonged to two of the two most aristocratic1 noble families in ,england1 having for grandfathers the ,dukes of ,kent and ,devonshire4 ,this man1 who became one of the most distinguished chemists and physicists of the age1 born in high life1 of exalted position and wealth1 passed through the period of his boyhood and early manhood in utter obscurity1 and a dense cloud rests upon his early life4 ,indeed1 the place of his birth has been in dispute2 some of his biographers asserting that he was born in ,england1 others that he was born in ,france or ,italy4 ,it is now known that he was born at ,nice1 whither his mother had gone for the sake of health4 ,it seems incredible that one highly distinguished1 who lived and died so recently1 should have almost entirely escaped observation until he had reached middle life4 ,from fragments of his early history which have been collected1 we learn that he was a peculiar boy1--shy1 reticent1 fond of solitary walks1 without playfellows1 and utterly insensible to the attractions of home and social life4 ,he was born with inflexible reserve2 and the love of retirement so manifest in in later life mastered all his instincts even when a boy4 ,if he had been of poor and obscure parentage1 it would not seem so strange that one who for nearly fifty years was a ,fellow of the ,royal ,society1 and for a lengthened period a member of the ,institute of ,france1 and an object of ,european interest to men of science1 had no one to record the incidents of his early life4 ,but he lost his mother when almost an infant1 and this sad event probably influenced greatly his early career1 and isolated him from the world in which he lived4 ,we find him at ,dr4 ,newcome's school at ,hackney in #agdb1 and from this school he went directly to ,cambridge1 where he remained until #agec4 ,he did not graduate1 true to his odd instincts1 although he spent the full period for a degree at ,cambridge4 ,no records of his college life have been preserved1 and1 as he went to ,london1 it is wonderful that the next ten years of his life remain a blank4 ,he joined the ,royal ,society in #agfj1 but contributed nothing until #agff1 when he published his first paper on ,factitious ,airs4 ,cavendish was a great mathematician1 electrician1 astronomer1 meteorologist1 and as a chemist he was equally learned and original4 ,he lived at a time when science was to a large extent but blank empiricism2 even the philosophy of combustion was based on erroneous and absurd hypotheses1 and the speculation of experimenters were wild and fantastic4 ,he was the first to submit these speculations to crucial tests1 to careful and accurate experiment2 and the results which were given to the world introduced a new era in scientific knowledge4 ,we have so much to say regarding the man1 that we can only present a brief outline of his great discoveries4 ,alone1 in a spacious house on ,clapham ,common1 outside of ,london1 did this singular man work through many long years1 until he filled it with every possible device capable of unfolding or illustrating principles in science4 ,at the time of a visit to ,london in #ahef this famous house was standing1 and remained as it was when the owner left it1 about a half century before4 ,the exterior of the house would not attract special attention2 but within1 the whole world could not1 perhaps1 furnish a parallel4 ,anvils and forges1 files and hammers1 grindstones and tempering-troughs1 furnaces and huge bellows1 had converted the panelled and wall-frescoed drawing-room into the shop of a blacksmith4 ,in the spacious dining-room chemical apparatus occupied the place of furniture4 ,electrical machines1 ,leyden-jars1 eudiometers1 thermometric scales1 philosophical instruments1 were distributed through the chambers4 ,the third story1 save two bed-chambers1--one for the housekeeper1 the other for the footman1--had been fitted up for an observatory4 ,the lenses and achromatic glasses1 tubes and specula1 concave mirrors1 and object-prisms1 and the huge1 rough old telescope1 peering through the roof1 were still there as their owner had left them4 ,all appliances of housekeeping were absent1 and ,cavendish ,house was destitute of all comforts1 for which the owner had no taste4 ,in this house ,cavendish lived for nearly half a century1 totally isolated from the world and all human sympathies4 ,he seldom or never visited relatives1 and they were never guests at his house4 ,he had several servants1 all of whom were males1 with one exception4 ,he was shy of women1 and did not like to have them come in his way4 ,if he saw his female servant in any of the rooms1 he would order her away instantly1 or fly himself to other quarters4 ,rarely1 during all the years of his solitary life1 did a woman cross his threshold2 and1 when one did1 he would run from her as if she brought the plague4 ,his servants were all trained to silence1 and in giving his orders the fewest words possible were used4 ,his meals were served irregularly1 whenever in the intervals of absorbing labors1 he could snatch a fragment of time4 ,he uniformly dined upon one kind of meat1--a joint of mutton2 and he seemed to have no knowledge that there were other kinds in the market4 ,upon one occasion he had invited a few scientific friends to dinner at ,cavendish ,house1 and when his servant asked him what he should provide1 ,a leg of mutton6 said ,cavendish4 ,it will hardly be enough1 said the servant4 ,well1 then get two4 ,anything else1 sir8 ,yes1 get four legs of mutton4 ,his dress was peculiar1--a snuff-colored coat reaching to his knees1 a long vest of the same color1 buff breeches1 and a three-cornered hat4 ,with him the fashion never changed2 he had but one suit2 not an extra coat1 hat1 or even two handkerchiefs4 ,when his wardrobe gave out1 and he was forced to see his tailor1 he became very nervous4 ,he would walk the room in agony1 give orders to have the tailor sent for1 and then immediately countermand the same4 ,his shoes for fifty years were of one pattern2 and when he took them off they were put in one place behind a door1 and woe to the servant who accidentally displaced them4 ,he hung his old three-cornered hat on one peg at his house1 and when he attended the meetings of the ,royal ,society he had a peg in the hall known as ,cavendish's peg4 ,if1 through accident1 it was taken by some member before his arrival1 he would stop1 look at the occupied peg1 and then turn on his heel1 and go back to his house4 ,when he went to the meetings1 he walked in the middle of the street1 never on the sidewalk2 and he invariably took the same route4 ,upon reaching the steps leading to the rooms1 he would stop1 hesitate1 put his hand on the door-handle1 and look about timidly1 and sometimes return at a rapid pace4 ,his cane1 which he carried for fifty years1 he placed upright in his left boot1 which he took off at the door1 covering his foot with a slipper4 ,once inside the rooms of the ,royal ,society1 and surrounded by the most distinguished men of ,england and the world1 he became excessively shy1 and read his wonderful papers in an awkward manner4 ,applause of any kind he could not bear2 and if in conversation any one praised his researches or papers1 he would turn away abruptly1 as if highly indignant4 ,if he was appealed to as authority upon any point1 he would dart away1 and perhaps quit the hall for the evening4 ,this man of great genius and vast acquirements was incapable of understanding or enduring praise or flattery4 ,he sought in every possible way to escape recognition or notice1 listened attentively to conversation1 but seldom asked questions2 never spoke of himself1 or of what he had accomplished in the world of science4 ,cavendish was a man possessed of vast wealth1 and1 when he died1 he was the richest bank-owner in all ,england4 ,at the age of forty1 a large accession came to his fortune4 ,his income already exceeded his expenditure4 ,pecuniary transactions were his aversion4 ,other matters occupied his attention4 ,the legacy was therefore paid in to his bankers4 ,it was safe there1 and he gave it no more heed4 ,one of the firm sought to see him at ,clapham4 ,in answer to the inquiries of the footman as to his ,business1 the banker replied to see ,mr4 ,cavendish personally4 ',you must wait1 then1' responded the servant1 'till he rings his bell4' ,the banker tarried for hours1 when the long-expected bell rang4 ,his name was announced4 ',what does he want8' the master was heard to ask4 ',a personal interview4' ',send him up4' ,the banker appeared4 ',i am come1 sir1 to ascertain your views concerning a sum of two hundred thousand pounds placed to your account4' ',does it inconvenience you8' asked the philosopher4 ',if so1 transfer it elsewhere4' ',inconvenience1 sir8 ,by no means1' replied the banker4 ',but pardon me for suggesting that it is too large a sum to remain unproductive4 ,would you not like to invest it8' ',invest it8 ,eh8 ,yes1 if you will4 ,do as you like1 but don't interrupt me about such things again4 ,i have other matters to think about4' ,with all his wealth it never occurred to him that others were in need1 and that he might do good by benefactions4 ,solicited on one occasion to contribute to a charitable object1 he exclaimed1 ,give1 eh6 ,what do you want8 ,how much8 ,give whatever you please1 sir1 said the solicitor4 ,well1 then1 will ten thousand pounds do8 ,on another occasion he was forced1 from circumstances1 to attend a christening in a church2 and1 when it was intimated to him that it was customary to bestow some little present upon the attending nurse1 he ran up to her1 and poured into her lap a double handful of gold coins1 and hastily departed4 ,this was the only occasion on which he was known to cross the threshold of a church4 ,cavendish died possessed of five million dollars of property1 and yet at no time had he the slightest knowledge of how much he had1 and how it was invested4 ,he despised money1 and made as little use of it as possible4 ,as regards matters of religion1 he never troubled himself about them4 ,he would never talk upon the subject1 and probably never gave it a thought4 ,all days of the week were alike to him3 he was as busy on ,sunday as on any other day4 ,when asked by a friend what his views were of ,god1 he replied1 ,don't ask me such questions3 ,i never think of them4 ,the circumstances of ,cavendish's death are as remarkable as his career in life4 ,without premitory disease or sickness1 or withdrawal from daily duties1 or decadence of mental powers1 or physical disability1 he made up his mind that he was about to die4 ,closing his telescopes1 putting his achromatic glasses in their several grooves1 locking the doors of his laboratories1 destroying the papers he deemed useless1 and arranging those corrected for publication1 he ascended to his sleeping-apartment and rang his bell4 ,a servant appeared4 ',edgar1' said ,cavendish1 addressing him by name1 'listen6 ,have ,i ever commanded you to do an unreasonable thing8' ,the man heard the question without astonishment1 for he knew his master's eccentricities1 and replied in the negative4 ',and that being the case1' continued the old man1 ',i believe ,i have a right to be obeyed4' ,the domestic bowed his assent4 ',i shall now give you my last command1' ,cavendish went on to say1 ',i am going to die4 ,i shall1 upon your departure1 lock my room4 ,here let me be alone for eight hours4 ,tell no one4 ,let no person come near4 ,when the time has passed1 come and see if ,i am dead4 ,if so1 let ,lord ,george ,cavendish know4 ,this is my last command4 ,now1 go4' ,the servant knew from long experience that to dispute his master's will would be useless4 ,he bowed1 therefore1 and turned to go away4 ',stay--one word6' added ,cavendish4 ',repeat exactly the order ,i have given4' ,edgar repeated the order1 promised obedience once more1 and retired from the chamber4 ,the servant did not keep his promise1 but called to his master's bedside ,sir ,everard ,home1 a distinguished physician4 ,sir ,everard inquired if he felt ill4 ',i am not ill1' replied ,cavendish2 'but ,i am about to die4 ,don't you think a man of eighty has lived long enough8 ,why am ,i disturbed8 ,i had matters to arrange4 ,give me a glass of water4' ,the glass of water was handed to him2 he drank it1 turned on his back1 closed his eyes1 and died4 ,this end of a great man1 improbable as are some of the incidents narrated1 is no fiction of imagination4 ,sir ,everard ,home's statement1 read before the ,royal ,institution1 corroborates every particular4 ,the mental constitution of the philosopher1 puzzling enough during his life1 was shrouded certainly in even greater mystery in his death4 ,it is as a chemist that ,cavendish stands preeminent4 ,without instructors1 without companionship1 in the solitary rooms of his dwelling1 he meditated and experimented4 ,the result of his researches he communicated in papers read to the ,royal ,society1 and these are quite numerous4 ,he was the first to demonstrate the nature of atmospheric air and also of water4 ,he was the discoverer of nitrogen and several gaseous bodies4 ,he did much to overthrow the phlogiston theory1 which was universally accepted in his time2 and his researches upon arsenic were of the highest importance4 ,there is scarcely any department of chemistry which he did not enrich by his discoveries4 ,he was a close student of electrical phenomena1 and made many discoveries in this department of research4 ,he was also an astronomer and observed the heavens with his telescopes with the deepest interest4 ,some of his most important discoveries were unknown until after his death1 as they were hidden in papers1 which1 for some reason1 he would not publish4 ,the life of this singular man was morally a blank1 and can only be described by negations4 ,he did not love2 he did not hate2 he did not hope2 he did not worship4 ,he separated himself from his fellow-men and from his ,god4 ,there was nothing earnest1 enthusiastic1 heroic1 in his nature1 and as little that was mean1 groveling1 or ignoble4 ,he was passionless1 wholly destitute of emotion4 ,everything that required the exercise of fancy1 imagination1 faith1 or affection1 was distasteful to ,cavendish4 ,he had a clear head for thinking1 a pair of eyes for observing1 hands for experimenting and recording1 and these were all4 ,his brain was a calculating engine2 his eyes1 inlets of vision1 not fountains of tears2 his heart1 an anatomical organ necessary for the circulation of the blood4 ,if such a man can not be loved1 he can not be abhorred or despised4 ,he was as the ,almighty made him1 and he served an important end in the world4 ,such a man manifestly would never sit for his portrait4 ,and he never did4 ,it was taken by ,borrow the painter1 unobserved by ,cavendish1 while at a dinner-party given for the express purpose of securing the likeness4 ,it is now in the ,british ,museum4 ,cuts of this painting are rare4--,popular ,science ,news4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,and ,,youth',s ,,companion ,,one ,,year1 #c ,,for ,,the ,,two4 ,it is not required that both papers be sent to one address1 nor to the same post-office4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,pub4 ,,co41 #aej ,monroe ,street1 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds1 ,etc4 ,,buist',s ,,seeds ,,are ,,the ,,best4 ,,warranted ,,to ,,give ,,satisfaction ,,or ,,money ,,returned1 ,,special-,,inducements ,,for ,,market ,,gardeners4 ,,our ,,valuable ,,catalogue ,,of #aib ,,pages ,,free ,,to ,,all4 ,,seed ,,grower ,,robert ,,buist1 ,,jr4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,ferry',s ,,seed ,,annual ,,for #ahhd ,will be mailed ,,free ,,to ,,all applicants and to customers of last year without ordering it4 ,it contains illustrations1 prices1 descriptions and directions for planting all ,vegetable and ,flower ,seeds1 ,plants1 etc4 ,,invaluable ,,to ,,all4 ,d4,m4 ,,ferry ,,co4 ,,detroit1 ,mich4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,b4 ,,root ,,co4',s ,illustration ,illustr'd ,garden ,manual of ,,vegetable and ,,flower ,,seeds1 ready for all applicants4 ,market ,gardeners ,,seeds a ,specialty4 ,write for ,wholesale ,price-,list1 ,,sent ,,free ,,rockford1 ,,illinois4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seed-,,potatoes and ,,seeds4 ,illustration #fj newest varieties of potatoes4 ,garden seeds4 ,seed ,grain1 etc41 at lowest prices4 ,illustrated catalogue and treatise on ,,potato ,,culture1 free4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,wilson1 ,austin1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds6 ,,plants--,catalogue ,free4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,spalding1 ,,ainsworth1 ,,iowa4 ,,humorous ,,the ,,donkey',s ,,dream4 ,a donkey laid him down to sleep1 ,and as he slept and snored full deep1 ,he was observed 7strange sight7 to weep1 ,as if in anguished mood4 ,a gentle mule that lay near by1 ,the donkey roused1 and1 with a sigh1 ,in kindly voice inquired why ,those tears he did exude4 ,the donkey1 while he trembled o'er ,and dropped cold sweat from every pore1 ,made answer in a fearful roar3 ,i dreamed ,i was a dude6 ,,tom ,,typo4 ,tom ,typo was a printer good1 ,a merry1 cheerful elf2 ,and whatsoever care he had1 ,he still composed himself4 ,where duty called him he was found ,still working in his place2 ,but nothing tempted from his post-- ,which really was the case4 ,he courted pretty ,emma ,grey1 ,one of earth's living gems-- ,the sweetest ,em1 he used to say1 ,among a thousand ems4 ,so chased was ,emma's love for ,tom1 ,it met admiring eyes2 ,she proved a copy to her sex4 ,and wanted no revise4 ,and ,tom1 he kept his pages clear ,and grew to be a type ,of all that manhood holds most dear1 ,when he with age was ripe4 ,he made his last impression here ,while yet his heart was warm1 ,just in the nick closed his career1 ,and death locked up his form4 ,he sank into his final rest ,without one sigh or moan2 ,his latest words--,above my breast ,place no 'imposing stone4' ,,courtship ,,of ,a ,,vassar ,,girl4 ,the parents and the old relatives are chatting over their darling's future4 ,meanwhile the fiances have escaped into the back parlor4 ,virginia--,where are you leading me to1 ,john8 ,john--,i wish to tell you1 while others forget us1 how happy ,i am to marry you--you1 so winning1 so witty1 the gem of ,vassar ,college4 ,virginia--,oh6 how many compliments to a poor graduate who only won the premium of rhetoric1 and was second best in geometry4 ,john--,i love you1 and worship you just as you are4 ,v4--,oh1 my friend1 how anaphorical1 and especially how epanaletical4 ,j4--,i don't understand4 ,v4--,i mean that you repeat yourself4 ,it is the custom of lovers to abuse of the gorgiaques figures from the very protasis and exordium4 ,j4--,i love you because you are accomplished and perfect4 ,v4--,did ,i not know you1 ,i should think that you favored asteisin and ethossoia4 ,j4 7,somewhat abashed47--,ah6 do you see 99 99 99 ,v4--,why this aposiopesis8 ,j4--,aposiopesis6 ,v4--,this reticence8 ,j4--,that is clearer4 ,i acknowledge that the expressions you use annoy and trouble me4 ,v4--,you1 on your side1 speak a language stamped with schematism1 while to be correct1 even in making love1 your language should be discursive4 ,allow me to tell you so frankly4 ,j4--,anyhow1 you do not doubt my love8 ,v4--,i pardon this epitrope1 but pray use less metaphor and more litotes in the prosopography you dedicate to my modest entity-- ,j4--,what will you8 ,men love women2 ,i am a man2 therefore1 ,i love you4 ,v4--,your syllogism is perfect in its premises1 but the conclusion is false4 ,j4--,oh6 you are a cruel angel6 ,v4--,i like that catachresis1 but once again ,i repeat1 ,i am practical1 and prefer synedoche4 ,j4 ,very much perplexed4--,will you continue the conversation in the garden8 ,v4--,yes4 7,they go into the garden47 ,look1 here is a very lovely parallelogram of green surrounded by petasites4 ,let us sit under those maritamboues will you8 ,j4--,willingly6 ,ah6 here ,i am happy6 ,my heart fills with joy2 it seems to me it contains the universe4 ,v4--,you are speaking pure ,spinozism4 ,j4--,when ,i think that you will be my wife1 and ,i your husband6 ,what will be our destiny6 ,v4--,the equation being given you are looking for the unknown quantity4 ,like you1 ,i shall await the co-efficient4 ,j4 7,who is determined to follow out his own thoughts7--,with the world of constellations above us1 and nature surrounding us1 admire with me those orbs sending us their pure light4 ,look up there at that star4 ,v4--,it is ,allioth1 neighbor to the polar star4 ,they are nearing the cosmical moment1 and if we remain here a few moments longer the occultation will take place4 ,j4 7,resignedly47--,and there those thousands of stars4 ,v4--,it is the galaxy4 ,admire also the syzygy of those orbs4 ,j4 7,exhausted47--,and the moon2 do you see the moon8 ,v4--,it is at its zenith2 it will be at its nadir in fifteen days1 unless there are any occultations in the movements of that satellite4 ,j4--,how happy ,i am6 7,they go indoors47 99 99 99 99 99 ,the owner of a soap factory1 who had been complained of for maintaining a nuisance1 was terribly put out at the charge and explained to the court3 ,your honor1 the odors complained of can not exist6 ,but here are twenty complaints4 ,yes1 but ,i have worked in my factory for the last fifteen years1 and ,i'll take my oath ,i can not detect any smells4 ,as a rule1 prisoner1 replied the judge1 as he sharpened his spectacles on his bootleg1 the best noses are on the outside of soap factories4 ,you are fined #be and costs4 ,moral3 ,where a soap factory and a school-house are at loggerheads the school should be removed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,and ,,youth',s ,,companion ,,one ,,year1 #c ,,for ,,the ,,two4 ,it is not required that both papers be sent to one address1 nor to the same post-office4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,pub4 ,,co41 #aej ,monroe ,street1 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illinois ,central ,railroad4 ,the elegant equipment of coaches and sleepers being added to its various through routes is gaining it many friends4 ,its patrons fear no accidents4 ,its perfect track of steel1 and solid road-bed1 are a guarantee against them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,medical4 ,,disease ,,cured ,without ,medicine4 ,a ,valuable ,discovery for supplying ,magnetism to the ,human ,system4 ,electricity and ,magnetism utilized as never before for ,healing the ,sick4 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co4's ,magnetic ,kidney ,belt6 ,,for ,,men ,,is ,,warranted ,,to ,,cure ,or ,money ,refunded4 the following diseases without medicine3--,pain in the ,back1 ,hips1 ,head1 or ,limbs1 ,nervous ,debility1 ,lumbago1 ,general ,debility1 ,rheumatism1 ,paralysis1 ,neuralgia1 ,sciatica1 ,diseases of the ,kidneys1 ,spinal ,diseases1 ,torpid ,liver1 ,,gout ,,seminal ,,emissions1 ,,impotency1 ,,asthma1 ,,heart ,,disease1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,constipation1 ,,erysipelas1 ,,indigestion1 ,,hernia ,,or ,,rupture1 ,,catarrh1 ,,piles1 ,,epilepsy1 ,,dumb ,,ague1 ,,etc4 ,when any debility of the ,,generative ,,organs occurs1 ,,lost ,,vitality1 ,,lack ,,of ,,nerve ,,force ,,and ,,vigor1 ,,wasting ,,weakness1 and all those ,diseases of a personal nature1 from whatever cause1 the continuous stream of ,magnetism permeating through the parts1 must restore them to a healthy action4 ,there is no mistake about this appliance4 ,,to ,,the ,,ladies3--,if you are afflicted with ,,lame ,,back1 ,,weakness ,,of ,,the ,,spine1 ,,falling ,,of ,,the ,,womb1 ,,leucorrhoea1 ,,chronic ,,inflammation ,,and ,,ulceration ,,of ,,the ,,womb1 ,,incidental ,,hemorrhage ,,or ,,flooding1 ,,painful1 ,,suppressed1 ,,and ,,irregular ,,menstruation1 ,,barrenness1 ,,and ,,change ,,of ,,life1 ,,this ,,is ,,the ,,best ,,appliance ,,and ,,curative ,,agent ,,known4 ,for all forms of ,,female ,,difficulties it is unsurpassed by anything before invented1 both as a curative agent and as a source of power and vitalization4 ,price of either ,belt with ,magnetic ,insoles1 #aj1 sent by express ,c4 ,o4 ,d41 and examination 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,lost ,weakness ,debility ,manhood and ,decay ,a favorite prescription of a noted specialist 7now retired47 ,druggists can fill it4 ,address ,,dr4 ,,ward ,,co41 ,,louisiana1 ,,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scales4 ,u4,s4 ,,standard ,,scales1 ,,manufactured ,,expressly ,,for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,every ,scale ,guaranteed by the ,manufacturers1 and by ,us1 to be ,perfect1 and to give the ,purchaser ,satisfaction4 ,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,sent ,two ,years ,free ,to any person ordering either size ,wagon ,scale at prices given below4 ,illustration #b-,ton ,wagon or ,farm ,scale 7,platform #f #ab feet71 #ce2 #c-,ton 7#g #ac71 #de2 #e-,ton 7#h #ad71 #ee4 ,beam ,box1 ,brass ,beam1 ,iron ,levers1 ,steel ,bearings1 and full directions for setting up4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,sent #a ,,year ,,free6 ,to any person ordering either of the following ,scales1 at prices named below4 ,illustration ,the ,housekeeper's ,scale--#d4jj ,weighing accurately from #a_/d oz4 to #be lbs4 ,this is also a valuable ,scale for ,offices for ,weighing ,mail ,matter4 ,tin ,scoop1 #ej;c4 extra2 ,brass #ge;c4 extra4 ,illustration ,the ,family ,scale--#g4jj4 ,weighs from #a_/d oz4 to #bdj lbs4 ,small articles weighed in ,scoop1 large ones on ,platform4 ,size of ,platform1 #aj-a_/b #ac-a_/b in4 ,illustration ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,scale--#aj4jj ,weighs from #b oz4 to #cbj lbs4 ,size of ,platform #ad #ai inches4 ,a convenient ,scale for ,small ,farmers1 ,dairymen1 etc4 ,illustration ,platform ,scales--#d ,sizes4 #djj lbs41 #ae2 #fjj lbs41 #bj2 #ijj lbs41 #bd2 #a1bjj lbs41 #bh2 ,wheels and ,axles1 #b extra4 ,in ordering1 give the ,price and ,description given above4 ,all ,scales ,boxed and ,delivered at ,depot in ,chicago4 ,give full shipping directions4 ,send money by ,draft on ,chicago or ,new ,york ,post ,office ,order or ,registered ,letter4 ,address ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,company1 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous ,,seeds ,,for ,,the ,,garden1 ,,farm ,,field4 ,,established #ahde4 ,our ,annual ,catalogue1 mailed free on application1 published first of every ,january1 contains full description and prices of ,,reliable ,,vegetable1 ,,tree1 ,,field ,,and ,,flower ,,seed1 ,,seed ,,grain1 ,,seed ,,corn1 ,,seed ,,potatoes1 ,,onion ,,sets1 ,,etc2 ,,also ,,garden ,,drills1 ,,cultivators1 ,,fertilizers1 ,,etc41 with full information for growing and how to get our ,seeds4 ,address ,,plant ,,seed ,,company1 ,nos4 #hab #had ,n4 #dth ,st41 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,the ,,standard ,,remington ,,type-,,writer is acknowledged to be the only rapid and reliable writing machine4 ,it has no rival4 ,these machines are used for transcribing and general correspondence in every part of the globe1 doing their work in almost every language4 ,any young man or woman of ordinary ability1 having a practical knowledge of the use of this machine may find constant and remunerative employment4 ,all machines and supplies1 furnished by us1 warranted4 ,satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded4 ,send for circulars4 ,,wyckoff1 ,,seamans ,,benedict1 #ch ,east ,madison ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds ,,albert ,,dickinson1 ,dealer in ,timothy1 ,clover1 ,flax1 ,hungarian1 ,millet1 ,red ,top1 ,blue ,grass1 ,lawn ,grass1 ,orchard ,grass1 ,bird ,seeds1 c4 ,,pop ,,corn4 ,warehouses #aae1 #aag #aai ,kinzie ,st4 #ajd1 #ajf1 #ajh #aaj ,michigan ,st4 ,,office4 #aae ,kinzie ,st4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,,general ,,news4 ,the ,state tax of ,florida this year is but three mills4 ,hog cholera is again raging in ,champaign county1 ,ill4 ,a cat show is to be held in ,new ,york1 beginning on the #bc;d inst4 ,ice harvesters along the ,hudson river are on a strike for higher wages4 ,the ,ohio river is rapidly rising from the melting of heavy bodies of snow4 ,several heavy failures among grain dealers of ,new ,york occurred last week4 ,senator ,anthony is unable to attend to the duties as ,president pro tem of the ,senate4 ,the glucose works at ,buffalo ,n4 ,y41 have been removed to ,peoria1 ,ill41 and ,levenworth1 ,kansas4 ,on ,friday last one murderer was hung in ,virginia1 another in ,south ,carolina1 and still another in ,california4 ,a very heavy snow storm prevailed in ,western and ,northern ,n4 ,y41 last week4 ,it also extended to ,new ,england4 ,the ,state ,senate of ,texas has passed a bill giving the public domain1 except homesteads to actual settlers1 to the public schools4 ,there were over four thousand suicides in ,paris last year1 which is attributed to the tremendous pace at which the people live in ,france4 ,the starch-sugar industry of the country consumes forty thousand bushels of corn per day1 and the product is valued at about #aj1jjj1jjj per year4 ,in attempting to slaughter a flock of prairie chickens near ,fort ,sill1 a party of eight hunters grew so careless that three of their number were badly wounded4 ,the employes in three of the nail-mills at ,wareham1 ,mass41 struck1 ,saturday1 against reducing their wages ten per cent4 ,the nailers and puddlers of ,plymouth also struck4 ,canada is raising a standing army of #a1bjj men to serve for three years4 ,the full number applied at the recruiting office in ,montreal1 where the quota was only one hundred4 ,the ,grand ,orient of ,france has issued an appeal to all the lodges of freemasons in the world asking a renewal of unity between the ,grand ,orient and all other branches of the masonic rite4 ,the situation in ,tonquin effectually ties the hands of ,france4 ,the announcement of the blocking of ,canton harbor is the only important event of the week in the ,franco-,chinese struggle4 ,dr4 ,tanner1 the famous faster1 is practicing medicine in ,jamestown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the physicians of that city have made a fruitless attempt to secure his indictment by the grand jury as an illegal practitioner4 ,the ,french press are advocating an organized effort against the prohibition of the importation of ,american pork4 ,the prohibition1 it is estimated1 will cost the ,french ports #ajj1jjj1jjj francs1 and deprive the working people1 besides1 of cheap and wholesome food4 ,articles of incorporation were filed at ,springfield1 ,saturday1 for the building of a railroad from a point within five miles of the northeast corner of ,cook county to a point in ,rock ,island county1 on the ,mississippi1 opposite ,muscatine1 ,iowa4 ,the capital is #c1jjj1jjj1 and among the incorporators are ,joseph ,r4 ,reynolds1 ,edgar ,terhune ,holden1 and ,josiah ,browne1 of ,chicago4 ,,congressional4 ,senator ,edmunds has again been chosen president pro tem of the ,senate4 ,mr4 ,anthony1 of ,rhode ,island1 declares himself too ill to perform the duties of the position4 ,on ,monday nearly #ejj bills were introduced into the ,house4 ,the total number of bills introduced and referred since the session began1 reaches nearly #d1jjj4 ,there are many important measures among them1 while there are more that are of somewhat doubtful import1 especially those which look to a still further increase of the pension appropriations4 ,there are bills for the regulation of banks and banking2 several new bankruptcy acts2 one reducing the fees on patents as follows3 ,the fee upon filing original application for a patent is reduced from #ae to #e4 ,the minimum fees for a design patent shall be #e instead of #aj and the minimum term for which granted shall be five instead of three and a half years2 a bill to reorganize the infantry branch of the army2 for reorganizing and increasing the navy2 several to revise the tariff2 to look after the forfeiture of land grants2 to restrict importation of foreign adulterated goods2 to stamp out contagious diseases of animals2 to establish a department of commerce2 to repeal the act prohibiting ex-confederate officers from serving in the ,united ,states army2 to relieve ,fitz ,john ,porter1 and hundreds of bills for the relief or benefit of individuals in different parts of the country4 ,there are also bills for the regulation of transportation companies and for the establishment of a system of government telegraph4 ,as yet no appropriation bills have been reported and the ,ways and ,means committee has but recently organized into subcommittees and has not begun the consideration of any subject4 ,there is already business enough before this ,congress to keep it in continuous session for years4 ,,markets4 ,,financial ,,and ,,commercial4 ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 ,,chicago4 ,jan #ae1 #ahhd4 ,there is an increased financial activity over last week4 ,bankers1 on ,monday1 felt quite certain of a brisk week and were correspondingly cheerful4 ,interest rates are unchanged1 being #f and #g per cent4 ,eastern exchange sold between banks at #fjgj;c per #a1jjj premium1 and closed firm4 ,there is no change in ,government securities4 ,the ,new ,york stock market was weak1 and it is reported that the ,new ,york millionaires such as ,gould1 ,vanderbilt1 ,sage1 etc41 have suffered to the extent of several millions each by the late general shrinkage in the value of stocks4 ,nevertheless1 it is in such times as these that the ,vanderbilts of the country reap their richest harvests4 ,they have money to buy depressed stock with1 and when the wheel turns their investments again add to their wealth4 ,the little fellows have to sacrifice all their cash and then go to the wall4 ,government securities are as follows3 #d's coupons1 #aijg ,q4 ,apr4 #abc-a_/d #d's reg41 #aijg ,q4 ,apr4 #abc-a_/d #d-a_/b's coupon1 #ahia ,q4 ,mar4 #aad-a_/h #d-a_/b's registered1 #ahia ,q4 ,mar4 #aad-a_/h #c's registered ,q4 ,mar4 #ajj ,,grain ,,and ,,provisions4 ,there was more of a speculative feeling in the ,chicago grain and provision markets yesterday than for some time4 ,there was something of a recovery from the panicky feeling of ,saturday1 when the bulls had complete charge of the prices1 but there was no advance4 ,,flour was unchanged1 the article not yet feeling the uncertain condition of the wheat market4 ,choice to favorite white winters #e #bee #ej ,fair to good brands of white winters #d #gee #jj ,good to choice red winters #e #jje #ej ,prime to choice springs #d #gee #jj ,good to choice export stock1 in sacks1 extras #d #bed #ej ,good to choice export stock1 double extras #d #ejd #fe ,fair to good ,minnesota springs #d #ejd #ge ,choice to fancy ,minnesota springs #e #bee #ge ,patent springs #f #jjf #ej ,low grades #b #bec #ej ,,wheat4--,red winter1 ,no4 #b1 #igii;c2 car lots of spring4 ,no4 #b1 sold at #hiij-a_/b;c2 ,no4 #c1 do4 #hd-a_/bhe;c4 ,,corn4--,moderately active4 ,car lots ,no #b1 #ecec-g_/h;c2 rejected1 #df-a_/b2 new mixed1 #di;c4 ,,oats4--,no4 #b in store1 closed #cb-a_/bcb-c_/d4 ,,rye4--,may1 in store #eheh-a_/b4 ,,barley4--,no4 #b1 #ei in store2 ,no4 #c1 #eb-a_/b;c4 ,,flax4--,closed at #a #de on track4 ,,timothy4--#a #bha #ce per bushel4 ,little doing4 ,,clover4--,quiet at #f #aef #ce for prime4 ,,provisions4--,mess pork1 ,february1 #ad #ge #ad #gh per bbl2 ,green hams1 #i-a_/b;c per lb4 ,short ribs1 #g #dg-a_/b per cwt4 ,,lard4--,january1 #i #bj2 ,february1 #i #ge4 ,,lumber4 ,lumber unchanged4 ,quotations for green are as follows3 ,short dimension1 per ,m #i #ejaj #jj ,long dimension1 per ,m #aj #jjaa #ej ,boards and strips1 ,no4 #b #aa #jjac #jj ,boards and strips1 medium #ac #jjaf #jj ,boards and strips1 ,no4 #a choice #af #jjbj #jj ,shingles1 standard #b #aj #b #bj ,shingles1 choice #b #be #b #cj ,shingles1 extra #b #dj #b #fj ,lath #a #fe #a #gj ,,country ,,produce4 ,,note4--,the quotations for the articles named in the following list are generally for commission lots of goods and from first hands4 ,while our prices are based as near as may be on the landing or wholesale rates1 allowance must be made for selections and the sorting up for store distribution4 ,,beans4--,hand picked mediums #b #jjb #aj4 ,hand picked navies1 #b #aeb #bj4 ,,butter4--,dull and without change4 ,choice to extra creamery1 #cbce;c per lb42 fair to good do #becb;c2 fair to choice dairy1 #bcbh;c2 common to choice packing stock fresh and sweet1 #ahbb;c2 ladle packed #ajac;c2 fresh made1 streaked butter1 #iaa;c4 ,,bran4--,quoted at #aa #hg-a_/bac #ej per ton2 extra choice #ac4 ,,broom-,,corn--,good to choice hurl #f-a_/bg-a_/b;c per lb2 green self-working #ef;c2 red-tipped and pale do #de;c2 inside and covers #cd;c2 common short corn #b-a_/bc-a_/b;c2 crooked1 and damaged1 #bd;c1 according to quality4 ,,cheese4--,choice full-cream cheddars #acac-a_/b;c per lb2 medium quality do #iaj;c2 good to prime full cream flats #acac-c_/d;c2 skimmed cheddars #iaj;c2 good skimmed flats #fg;c2 hard-skimmed and common stock #cd;c4 ,,eggs4--,in a small way the best brands are quotable at #bebf;c per dozen2 #bjbc;c for good ice house stock2 #ahai;c per pickled4 ,,hay4--,no #a timothy #ajaj #ej per ton2 ,no #b do #h #eji #ej2 mixed do #gh2 upland prairie #h #jjaj #ge2 ,no #a prairie #fg2 ,no #b do #d #eje #ej4 ,small bales sell at #beej;c per ton more than large bales4 ,,hides ,,and ,,pelts4--,green-cured light hides #h-a_/d;c per lb2 do heavy cows #h;c2 ,no #b damaged green-salted hides #f;c2 green-salted calf #abab-a_/b cents2 green-salted bull #f c2 dry-salted hides #aa cents2 ,no4 #b two-thirds price2 ,no4 #a dry flint #adad-a_/b;c4 ,sheep pelts salable at #bhcb;c for the estimated amount of wash wool on each pelt4 ,all branded and scratched hides are discounted #ae per cent from the price of ,no4 #a4 ,,hops4--,prime to choice ,new ,york ,state hops #bebf;c per lb2 ,pacific coast of #bcbf;c2 fair to good ,wisconsin #aebj;c4 ,,poultry4--,prices for good to choice dry picked and unfrozen lots are3 ,turkeys #acad;c per lb2 chickens #iaj;c2 ducks #abac;c2 geese #iaa;c4 ,thin1 undesirable1 and frozen stock #bc;c per lb less than these figures2 live offerings nominal4 ,,potatoes4--,good to choice #cgdj;c per bu4 on track2 common to fair #cjce;c4 ,illinois sweet potatoes range at #c #ejd per bbl for yellow4 ,baltimore stock at #b #beb #ge1 and ,jerseys at #e4 ,red are dull and nominal4 ,,tallow ,,and ,,grease4--,no #a country tallow #gg-a_/d;c per lb2 ,no #b do #f-a_/df-a_/b;c4 ,prime white grease #ff-a_/b;c2 yellow #e-a_/de-c_/d;c2 brown #d-a_/be4 ,,vegetables4--,cabbage1 #hab per #ajj2 celery1 #bece;c per doz bunches2 onions1 #a #jja #be per bbl for yellow1 and #a for red2 turnips1 #a #cea #ej per bbl for rutabagas1 and #a #jj for white flat4 ,,wool4--from store range as follows for bright wools from ,wisconsin1 ,illinois1 ,michigan1 ,indiana1 and ,eastern ,iowa--dark ,western lots generally ranging at #ab;c per lb4 less4 ,coarse and dingy tub #becj ,good medium tub #cacd ,unwashed bucks' fleeces #adae ,fine unwashed heavy fleeces #ahbb ,fine light unwashed heavy fleeces #bbbc ,coarse unwashed fleeces #babb ,low medium unwashed fleeces #bdbe ,fine medium unwashed fleeces #bfbg ,fine washed fleeces #cbcc ,coarse washed fleeces #bfbh ,low medium washed fleeces #cjcb ,fine medium washed fleeces #cdce ,colorado and ,territory wools range as follows3 ,lowest grades #adaf ,low medium #ahbb ,medium #bbbf ,fine #afbd ,wools from ,new ,mexico3 ,lowest grades #adaf ,part improved #afag ,best improved #aibc ,burry from #b;c to #aj;c off3 black #b;c to #e;c off4 ,,live ,,stock ,,markets4 ,the total receipts and shipments for last week were as follows3 ,received4 ,shipped4 ,cattle #ch1iac #ah1hja ,calves #baf #cg ,hogs #afi1jgf #db1bje ,sheep #bd1eie #ad1bbe ,,cattle4--,notwithstanding a reported advance in ,england1 cattle did not improve in prices over ,saturday4 ,indeed1 there was a decline of a few cents per hundred4 ,the supplies were large and the quality inferior4 ,indeed few really fat cattle came in during the week4 ,eastern markets were reported as over stocked4 ,shippers and dressed meat operators bought rather freely of common lots4 ,we may quote as follows3 ,fancy fat cattle #g #jj #g #be ,choice to prime steers #f #be #f #he ,fair to good shipping steers #e #fj #f #bj ,common to medium steers #d #fe #e #ee ,butcher's steers #d #ej #e #jj ,cows and bulls1 common to good #c #be #d #ej ,inferior cows and bulls #b #cj #c #bj ,stockers #c #ej #d #ej ,feeders #d #be #d #ge ,milch cows1 per head #be #jjee #jj ,veal calves1 per #ajj lbs4 #d #jj #g #be ,,hogs4-,there were fair receipts on ,saturday and ,monday--an aggregate of #ba1jjj head or some #g1jjj more than for the same days last week4 ,as city packers are at work again1 the market was quite active4 ,they bought about #ae1jjj head1 and shippers took nearly all that were left4 ,prices advanced from #e to #aj cents4 ,it may be said in general that the quality of the hogs now coming in is poor4 ,heavy lots were sold at #e #aef #be2 light hogs brought #ee #fj4 ,skips and culls #c #bee4 ,note4--,all sales of hogs are made subject to a shrinkage of #dj lbs for piggy sows and #hj lbs for stags4 ,dead hogs sell for #a-a_/b;c per lb for weights of #bjj and over and ,transcriber's ,note3 blank in original for weights of less than #ajj lbs4 ,,sheep4--,the supply was sufficient to meet the demand1 though considerably less than on ,monday of last week4 ,really choice animals were scarce4 ,shippers and butchers bought freely4 ,common lots were dull1 bringing #e #bee #ej1 while fancy lots sold at #e4gef4 ,very inferior sheep sold at #b #ej4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,commission ,,merchants4 ,j4,h4 ,,white ,,co41 ,,produce ,,commission #ajf ,,water ,,st41 ,,chicago4 ,refers to this paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,first-,class ,plants ,,of ,,best ,,varieties ,,of ,,small ,,fruits4 ,catalogues free4 ,address ,o4 ,b4 ,,galusha1 ,peoria1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,print ,your ,own ,cards ,labels1 ,envelopes1 etc4 with our #c ,,printing ,,press4 ,larger sizes for circulars1 etc41 #h to #ge4 ,for pleasure1 money making1 young or old4 ,everything easy1 printed instructions4 ,send #b stamps for ,catalogue of ,presses1 ,type1 ,cards1 etc41 to the factory4 ,,kelsey ,,co41 ,,meriden1 ,,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale4 ,pure bred ,bronze ,turkeys and ,pekin ,ducks4 ,also eggs in ,season4 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,fulton1 ,petersburg4 ,ills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,marlboro ,,red ,,raspberry ,send to the originators for history and terms4 ,a4 ,s4 ,caywood ,son1 ,marlboro1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pig ,,extricator ,to aid animals in giving birth4 ,send for free circular to ,,wm4 ,,dulin1 ,avoca1 ,pottawattamie ,co41 ,ia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,educational4 ,,university ,,of ,,the ,,state ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,american ,,veterinary ,,college1 #ada ,,west #ed,,th ,,st41 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,the regular course of lectures commences in ,october each year4 ,circular and information can be had on application to ,a4 ,,liautard1 ,m4,d4,v4,s41 ,dean of the ,faculty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,special ,,offer4 #fg ,,for #ah6 ,illustration ,a ,superb ,new ,family ,sewing ,machine6 ,combining all the most recent improvements1 and now selling for #fe1 is offered by ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,company to subscribers to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,for #ah1 including one year's subscription to the paper4 ,this exceptional offer will remain open for a few days only4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sewing ,,silk4 ,corticelli ,sewing ,silk1 ,illustration ,,ladies1 ,,try ,,it6 ,the ,best ,sewing ,silk ,made4 ,every ,spool ,warranted4 ,full ,length1 ,smooth and ,strong4 ,ask your ,storekeeper for ,corticelli ,silk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 #ahhd4 ,now is the ,time to ,subscribe4 ,harper's ,periodicals4 ,per ,year3 ,,harper',s ,,magazine #d #jj ,,harper',s ,,weekly #d #jj ,,harper',s ,,bazar #d #jj ,,harper',s ,,young ,,people #a #ej ,,harper',s ,,franklin ,,square ,,library1 ,one year 7#eb ,numbers7 #aj #jj ,postage ,free to all subscribers in the ,united ,states or ,canada4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,volumes of the ,,weekly and ,,bazar begin with the first numbers for ,january1 the ,volumes of the ,,young ,,people with the first ,number for ,november1 and the ,volumes of the ,,magazine with the ,numbers for ,june and ,december of each year4 ,subscriptions will be entered with the ,number of each ,periodical current at the time of receipt of order1 except in cases where the subscriber otherwise directs4 ,specimen copy of ,,harper',s ,,young ,,people sent on receipt of four cents in stamps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,harper',s ,,franklin ,,square ,,library3 ,a weekly publication1 containing works of ,travel1 ,biography1 ,history1 ,fiction1 and ,poetry1 at prices ranging from #aj to #be cents per number4 ,full list of ,harper's ,franklin ,square ,library will be furnished gratuitously on application to ,,harper ,,brothers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,remittances should be made by ,post-,office ,money ,order or ,draft1 to avoid risk of loss4 ,address ,,harper ,,brothers1 ,franklin ,square1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 -- ,,harper',s ,,catalogue1 of between three and and four thousand volumes1 mailed on receipt of ,ten ,cent in ,postage ,stamps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,new ,,thing ,every ,farmer will have it4 ,saves them large sums of money2 saves labor2 pays a profit2 honest business2 ,agents clear #bj to #cj a week introducing it2 no risk to you2 terms easy2 full satisfaction2 a harvest for live men with small capital4 ,address ,f4 ,c4 ,,renner1 ,new ,midway1 ,frederick ,co41 ,md4