,,! ,,ess5tials ,,( ,,spirituality  by  
,felix ,adl]  ,! ,ess5tials (           
,spirituality  ,! fir/ ess5tial is an   
awak5+1 a s5se ( ! abs5ce (             
spirituality1 ! realiz$ ne$ ( giv+ to   
our lives a new & high] quality2 fir/   
!re mu/ be ! hung] be=e !re c be !      
satisfaction4  ,simil> effects are (t5  
produc$ by widely diff]+ processes4 ,9 !
 psy*ical _w t quality :i* we call      
spirituality may be associat$ ) & evok$ 
by ,!ism1 or ! belief 9 a ,div9e ,fa!r2 
by ,pan!ism1 z 9 ! case ( ,sp9oza1 ^:   
face at ! v fir/ glance impresses y )   
its spiritual ca/2 or ev5 by ! ,buddhi/ 
belief 9 ,nirvana4 ,x may also be atta9$
 by foll[+ ! precepts & /riv+ aft] !    
ideals ( ,e?ical ,culture4 ,=           
spirituality is n indissolubly associat$
 ) any "o type ( religion or philosophy2
 x is a quality ( s\l manife/+ itself 9 
a v>iety ( activities & beliefs4  ,be=e 
we proce$ fur!r1 h[ev]1 we mu/ haz>d a  
def9ition ( ! ^w4 ,9 ! region ( m5tal   
activity :i* is call$ ! spiritual life  

vagu5ess is apt to prevail1 ! outl9es ( 
?\ght are apt to be blurr$1 ! feel+s    
ar\s$ are apt to be indi/9ct &          
transitory4 ,! ^w 'spiritual' becomes a 
synonym ( muddy ?\ght & mi/y            
emotionalism4 ,if !re 7 ano!r ^w 9 !    
language to take its place1 x w\ld be   
well to use x4 ,b !re is n4 ,we mu/ use 
! ^w 'spiritual1' despite its           
associations & its abuse4 ,we %all      
endeavor1 h[ev]1 to atta* a di/9ct &    
def9ite mean+ to ! ^w4 ,m]e def9ition1  
h[ev]1 is too ab/ract & nak$ly          
intellectual4 ,p]haps a description ( "s
 types ( "*1 comb9$ ) def9ition1 w be ! 
bett] way4  ,savon>ola is surely "o ( ! 
comm&+ figures 9 hi/ory4 ,8 fi]y        
e>ne/ness1 8 passion = righte\sness1 !  
boldness ) :i* he c5sur$ ! corruptions (
 ! ,roman ,c\rt1 ! p]sonal qualities by 
:i* he--a =eign] & a m]e monk--made     
himself = a %ort p]iod ! lawgiv]1 !     
prophet1 & virtually ! dictator (       
,flor5ce--t ,flor5ce :i* 0 at ! "t ! v  
gemm>y ( ! ,r5aissance--8 sudd5 fall &  

tragic dea?2 all comb9e to attract t[>d 
him our admiration1 pity1 & love1 & to  
leave ^u our m9ds ! impression ( 8      
extraord9>y moral g5ius4 ,& yet1 ?\gh a 
spiritual side 0 n want+ 9 ,savon>ola1  
we %\ld n quote him z an out/&+ exempl> 
( spirituality4 ,! spiritual life is    
unp]turb$ & s]5e4 ,8 nature 0 too       
passionate1 he 0 too vehem5t 9 8        
philippics1 too deeply engross$ 9 !     
atta9m5t ( imm$iate results1 too /ormy a
 s\l to des]ve ! "n ( spiritual4  ,aga91
 our own ,wa%+ton is "o ( ! comm&+      
figures 9 hi/ory4 ,he a*iev$ ! great    
task :i* he set himself2 he secur$ !    
political indep5d5ce ( ,am]ica4 ,he     
became ! ma/] build] ( a nation2 he laid
 securely ! f\ndations on :i* succe$+   
g5]ations h built4 ,he 0 calm1 too1 )   
r>e exceptions2 an exp]t 9 self-control4
 ,b !re 0 m+l$ ) 8 calmness a c]ta9     
coldness4 ,he 0 l(ty & pure1 b we %\ld  
h>dly g to him = in/ruction 9 ! int]ior 
secrets ( ! spiritual life4 ,8          
a*ievem5ts 7 9 ano!r field4 ,8 claim to 

our gratitude re/s on o!r gr\nds4 ,!    
spiritual life is calm1 b s]5ely calm2  
irradiat$ by a f]vor & a dep? ( feel+ t 
7 to "s ext5t lack+ 9 our fir/ presid5t4
 ,l9coln1 p]haps1 came ne>] to possess+ 
!m4  ,aga91 we h su* types ( m5 z ,john 
,h[>d1 ! prison re=m]1 & ,george        
,peabody1 :o devot$ 8 great =tune to    
bett]+ ! h\s+ ( ! poor & to multiply+ & 
improv+ s*ools4 ,^! m5--especially !    
latt]--7 practical & sane1 & 7 prompt$ 9
 _! endeavors by an active & t5d]       
b5evol5ce4 ,yet we %\ld sc>cely ?9k ( !m
 z conspicu\s examples ( ! spiritual    
quality 9 human life & conduct4         
,b5evol5ce1 be x nev] s t5d] &          
practical1 does n rea* ! high m>k (     
spirituality4 ,spirituality is m ?an    
b5evol5ce 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! t]m4 ,!   
spiritual man is b5evol5t to a signal   
degree1 b 8 b5evol5ce is ( a peculi>    
k9d4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by a c]ta9 s]5e    
f]vor :i* we may almo/ call sa9tl9ess4  
,b p]haps "s "o may object t a /&>d by  
:i* p]sonalities l ,savon>ola1 ,wa%+ton1

 ,h[>d & ,peabody fall %ort is probably 
set too high1 & t 9 any case ! erection 
( su* a /&>d _c be v helpful to ! common
 run ( human be+s4 ,:]e ^! h]oic natures
 fall %ort1 c y & ,i hope to atta98 ,to 
su* an objection ! reply is t we _c be  
too fa/idi\s or exact+ 9 respect to our 
/&>d1 h[ev] poor our p]=mance may be4   
,no?+ less ?an a k9d ( div9e complet5ess
 %\ld ev] cont5t u4 ,fur!rmore1 !re h   
be5 "s m5 :o approa*$ ne>] to !         
spiritual ideal ?an ! patriots & !      
philan?ropi/s j m5tion$--"s few m5 among
 ! ,greeks1 ! ,h9dus1 & ! ,hebrews4 ,& =
 ! guidance ( conduct1 ^! m excell5t    
spirits avail u m ?an ! examples ( a    
,savon>ola1 a ,wa%+ton or a ,h[>d4 ,to  
be a prophet or ! lawgiv] ( a nation is 
n )9 y\r prov9ce & m9e4 ,= su* a task   
h>dly "o among millions has !           
opportunity or ! gifts4 ,to be lib]ators
 ( _! c\ntry has be5 accord$ 9 all !    
ages ?us f> cov]$ by human hi/ory to s  
small a numb] ( m5 t "o might c\nt !m on
 ! f+]s ( a s+le h&4 ,ev5 to be         

philan?ropi/s on a l>ge scale is !      
re/rict$ privilege ( a v few4 ,b to lead
 ! spiritual life is possible to y & me 
if we *oose to d s4 ,! be/ is )9 ! rea* 
( all1 or x w\ld n be ! be/4 ,e "o is   
p]mitt$ to %>e life's highe/ good4  ,!  
spiritual life1 !n1 may be describ$ by  
its *>act]i/ic m>ks ( s]5ity1 a c]ta9   
inw>dness1 a measure ( sa9tl9ess4 ,by ! 
latt] we are n to und]/& m]ely !        
aspiration aft] virtue or aft] a l(ty   
ideal1 /ill pursu$ & /ill elud+1 b to a 
c]ta9 ext5t ! embodim5t ( ?is ideal 9 ! 
life--virtue become a normal exp]i5ce l 
! inhalation & exhalation ( brea?6      
,moreov]1 ! spiritually-m9d$ seem always
 to be possess$ ( a great secret4 ,?is  
air ( int]ior k1 ( ! p]ception ( t :i*  
is hidd5 f ! un9itiat$1 is a common m>k 
( all ref9em5t1 ae/hetic z well z moral4
 ,9 /udy+ ! face ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci's  
',mona ,lisa1' = in/ance1 "o w f9d t x  
is ?is int]ior insight t expla9s !      
s-call$ cryptic smile4 ,9 ! case (      
ae/hetic ref9em5t1 ! secret discloses   

itself z at bottom delicacy1 ! delicacy 
:i* prev5ts intrusion on ! p]sonality ( 
o!rs2 :i* abhors a pry+ curiosity2 :i*  
f9ds subtle ways ( convey+ e/eem &      
delicate modes ( r5d]+ s]vice4 ,b !     
secret ( moral ref9em5t is ( a f> high] 
ord]1 transc5d+ ae/hetic ref9em5t by z  
mu* z goodness is sup]ior to m]e *>m4 ,!
 secret 9 ?is case consi/s 9 ! insight  
v\*saf$ to ! spiritually-m9d$ ( ! true  
end ( human exi/5ce4  ,con/itut$ z we   
are1 !re exi/ = u l[] & high] ends4 ,?is
 di/9ction is fundam5tal = e?ics4 ,food 
is necess>y2 )\t x we _c live4 ,b !     
gett+ ( food--h[ev] necess>y--is a l[]  
end4 ,k is a necess>y end1 & a high] "o4
 ,! practical moral ends1 su* z !       
re=mation ( prisons1 ! improvem5t ( !   
dwell+s ( ! poor1 are yet high] ends4 ,b
 above all ^! is ! highe/ end1 t ( moral
 complet5ess1 ( p]fection1 n 9 "o       
p>ticul> b 9 e p>ticul>4 ,spirituality  
consi/s 9 always keep+ 9 view ?is       
supreme end4 ,! spiritually-m9d$ p]son  
is "o :o reg>ds :atev] he und]takes f ! 

po9t ( view ( its h9d]+ or fur!r+ 8     
atta9m5t ( ! supreme end4 ,if a riv] _h 
a consci\sness l ! human consci\sness1  
we might imag9e t x he>s ! murmur ( !   
di/ant sea f ! v mom5t :5 x leaves its  
s\rce1 & t ! murmur gr[s cle>] & cle>] z
 ! riv] fl[s on its way1 welcom+ e      
tribut>y x receives z add+ to ! volume  
:i* x w contribute to ! sea1 rejoic+ at 
e turn & b5d 9 its long c\rse t br+s x  
ne>] to its goal4 ,su* is ! consci\sness
 ( a spiritually-m9d$ human be+4 ,or to 
take a simile f human exp]i5ce4 ,!re are
 times :5 we g abroad to travel j =     
*ange ( sc5]y & ! refre%m5t :i* *ange   
br+s ) x4 ,:5 we g 9 ?is mood we are    
likely to be int5t on wayside pleasures1
 & at e /age ( ! j\rney1 at e t[n :]e we
 halt1 we %all suff] ourselves to be    
engross$ 9 ! po9ts ( int]e/ :i* t       
tempor>y abid+-place has to (f] u1      
c>eless ( :at may await u f>!r on4 ,b   
!re are o!r times :5 we g abroad on     
s]i\s bus9ess4 ,"s congress ( sci5ti/s  
or fell[-work]s is to meet 9 :i* we are 

to take our "p2 or !re is a conflict be+
 wag$ 9 :i* we are to be> our %>e (     
w\nds or dea?1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,japanese1
 :o are n[ sett+ out f _! homes t[>d !  
battlefields ( ,man*uria2 or !re is "s  
lov$ "o at a di/ance :o ne$s u1 calls u1
 expects u4 ,!n ! /ations on ! way are  
unable to captivate our att5tion2 we are
 impati5t to pass !m by2 we welcome ea* 
"o z we approa* x z br++ u "o /ep ne>]  
to ! desir$ goal4  ,"s su* analogy w    
help u und]/& ! inn] /ate ( a           
spiritually-m9d$ p]son4 ,he ?9ks always 
( ! ultimate end4 ,9 :atev] he does or  
omits to d he asks himself1 ,w x advance
 me or div]t me f ! ultimate goal8 ,s9ce
 spirituality consi/s 9 keep+ 9 m9d !   
ultimate goal1 x foll[s1 9 accordance ) 
:at 0 said 9 ! beg9n+1 t !re mu/ be     
v>i\s types ( spirituality1 correspond+ 
to ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* ! ultimate goal is
 conceiv$4 ,= ^? to :om ! f9al end (    
human life is union ) ,god1 ! ,div9e    
,fa!r1 ! ?\ght ( ?is ,div9e ,fa!r gives 
color & complexion to _! spiritual life4

 ,!y ?9k ( ,him :5 !y lie d[n at night &
 :5 !y rise up 9 ! morn+2 8 praise is   
ev] on _! lips2 ! desire to w9 8        
approbation is ) !m 9 all _! und]tak+s4 
,to ^? :o reg>d ! atta9m5t ( ,nirvana z 
! supreme end1 l ! ,buddhi/s1 ! ?\ght ( 
,nirvana is a p]petual admonition4 ,to  
^? :o view ! supreme end ( life z moral 
p]fection1 ! ?\ght ( t p]fection is !   
con/ant inn] companion4 ,! moral man1   
commonly s-call$2 ! man :o is hone/1    
pays 8 debts1 p]=ms 8 duties to 8       
family2 ! man :o works = specific       
objects1 su* z political re=m2 ?is man1 
wor?y ( all respect ?\gh he be1 is /ill 
int5t on ! /ages ( 8 j\rney4 ,!         
spiritual man1 z we mu/ n[ def9e him f !
 po9t ( view ( ,e?ical ,culture1 is !   
man :o always ?9ks ( ! ultimate goal ( 8
 j\rney1 i4 e41 a moral "* complete 9 e 
p>ticul>1 & :o is influ5c$ by t ?\ght at
 all times & 9 all ?+s4 ,spirituality1 9
 ?is conception ( x1 is no?+ b morality 
rais$ to its highe/ p[]4  ,& n[1 let u  
ask :at are "s ( ! conditions on :i* !  

atta9m5t ( su* a life dep5ds4 ,! prime  
condition is to acquire ! habit ( ev] & 
anon deta*+ "o's self f "o's accu/om$   
int]e/s & pursuits1 becom+1 z x 71 a    
spectator ( "o's self & "o's do+s1      
escap+ f ! sweep+ curr5t & /&+ on !     
%ore4 ,= ?is purpose x is advisable to  
consecrate c]ta9 times1 pref]ably a     
c]ta9 "t ea* day1 to self-recollection2 
to d$icate an h\r--or a half-h\r1 if no 
m c be sp>$--to see+ "o's life 9 all its
 relations2 t is1 z ! poet has put x1 to
 see+ life /eadily & see+ x :ole4 ,!    
sane view is to see ?+s 9 _! relation to
 o!r ?+s2 ! non-sane view is to see !m  
isolat$1 9 su* a way t !y ex]cise a k9d 
( hypnotic spell ov] u4 ,& x makes no   
diff]5ce :at a man's habitual int]e/s   
may be1 :e!r !y be sordid or l(ty1 he   
ne$s ev] & anon to get away f !m4 ,9    
reality1 no?+ :]e) a man occupies       
himself ne$ be sordid4 ,! spiritual     
attitude does n consi/ 9 turn+ "o's back
 on ?+s mundane & fix+ "o's gaze on "s  
sup]nal blaze ( glory1 b r 9 see+ ?+s   

mundane 9 _! relation to ?+s ultimate1  
p]fect4  ,! eat+ ( bread is surely a    
suffici5tly commonplace op]ation4 ,yet  
,jesus brake bread ) 8 disciples 9 su*  
way t t simple act has become ! symbol (
 sublimely spiritual relations1 ! c5tre 
( ! mo/ augu/ rite ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4  
,9 l mann] ! act ( sitt+ d[n to an      
ord9>y meal ) ! memb]s ( our family may1
 if se5 9 its relations1 be = u a       
spiritual consecration4 ,! common meal  
may become = u ! type ( ! common life we
 %>e1 ! common love we be>4  ,on ! o!r  
h&1 seem+ly mu* m l(ty pursuits may h a 
n>r[+ & dead5+ effect on u if we d n see
 !m 9 _! ultimate relations1 & s dive/  
!m ( ref]5ce to life's highe/ end4 ,=   
in/ance1 ! pursuit ( sci5ce may h ?is   
effect1 if ! sole object ( ! sci5ti/ be 
to p]=m "s a/oni%+ piece ( "w = !       
purpose ( attract+ att5tion or to secure
 a well-sal>i$ position1 or ev5 if he be
 s w$d$ to 8 specialty z to fail to be  
s5sitive to ! relations ( x to ! body ( 
tru? 9 g5]al4 ,& ! same holds good ( !  

n>r[-m9d$ re=m]1 ( :om ,em]son has said 
t 8 virtue s pa9fully resembles vice2 ! 
man :o puts a moral idol 9 ! place ( !  
moral ideal1 :o erects into ! object    
t[>d :i* all 8 en?usiasm goes "s        
p>ticul> re=m1 su* z ! s+le tax1 or     
socialism1 or public p>ks1 or a model   
s*ool2 ! man1 9 %ort1 :o /rives = a good
 in/ead ( /riv+ = goodness4 ,:atev] our 
pursuits may be1 we %\ld (t5 m5tally    
deta* ourselves f !m1 &1 /&+ alo( z     
imp>tial spectators1 consid] ! direction
 9 :i* !y are tak+ u4  ,?is c\nsel is   
frequ5tly urg$ on gr\nds ( heal?1 s9ce !
 we> & te> ( too int5se absorption 9 any
 pursuit is apt to wreck ! n]v\s sy/em4 
,i urge x on ! gr\nd ( m5tal sanity1    
s9ce a man _c ma9ta9 8 m5tal poise if he
 foll[s ! object ( 8 devotion s+ly1 )\t 
see+ x 9 relation to o!r objects4 ,& ,i 
urge x also on ! gr\nd ( spirituality1 =
 a sali5t *>act]i/ic ( spirituality is  
calmness1 & )\t ! m5tal repose :i* comes
 ( deta*m5t we _c import calmness into  
our lives4 ,!re are "s p]sons1 notably  

among ^? engag$ 9 philan?ropic          
activities1 :o glory 9 be+ completely   
engross$ 9 _! tasks1 & :o hug a secret  
s5se ( m>tyrdom1 :5 late at night1      
p]haps worn out 9 m9d & body1 !y ?r[    
!mselves ^u _! c\* to snat* a few h\rs (
 insuffici5t sleep4 ,great occasions1 ( 
c\rse1 d occur :5 e ?\ght ( self %\ld be
 effac$ 9 s]vice2 b z a rule1 complete  
absorption 9 philan?ropic activity is z 
little sane & z little moral z complete 
absorption 9 ! race = ga94 ,! tir$ &    
worn-out work] _c d ju/ice to o!rs1 nor 
c he d ju/ice to t inn] self ^: dem&s   
are n satisfi$ ev5 by philan?ropic      
activity4 ,if1 !n1 self-recollection is 
ess5tial1 let u make daily provision =  
x4 ,"s int]e/ we %\ld h--ev5 worldly    
prud5ce c\nsels ?is mu*--z f> remote z  
possible f our lead+ int]e/2 & beyond t1
 "s book belong+ to ! _w's great        
spiritual lit]ature on :i* we may daily 
fe$4 ,! ,bible us$ to be 9 ! old days   
all-suffici5t = ?is purpose1 & x is     
/ill1 9 "p at lea/1 an admirable aid to 

^? :o "k h[ to use x4 ,b !re are o!r    
books1 su* z ! legacy ( ! great ,/oics1 
! writ+s ( our latt]-day prophets1 !    
essays ( ,arnold & ,c>lyle & ,em]son1 ! 
wisdom ( ,goe!4 ,^! noble works1 ev5 if 
!y d n :olly satisfy u1 s]ve to set our 
?\ghts 9 motion ab\t high conc]ns1 &    
give to ! m9d a spiritual direction4  ,a
 second condition ( ! spiritual life has
 be5 express$ 9 ! precept1 reit]at$ 9 _m
 religions1 by _m exp]ts 9 ?+s relat+ to
 ! life ( ! s\l3 ,live z if ?is h\r 7 ?y
 la/4 ,y w recall1 z ,i pron\nce ^!     
words1 ! mem5to mori ( ! ,anci5ts1 _!   
cu/om ( exhibit+ a skeleton at ! fea/1 9
 ord] to rem9d ! banquet]s ( ! fate t   
await$ !m4 ,y w rememb] ! o!r-worldl9ess
 ( ,*ri/ian monks & ascetics :o decri$  
?is pleasant e>? z a vale ( te>s1 &     
endeavor$ to fix ! att5tion ( _! foll[]s
 ^u ! pale joys ( ! ,*ri/ian heav51 & y 
w wond]1 p]haps1 t ,i %\ld be h>k+ back 
to ^! conceptions ( ! pa/4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 
no su* int5tion4  ,! prevail+ attitude  
t[>d ! ?\ght ( dea? is t ( /udi$        

neglect4 ,m5 wi% to face x z little z   
possible4 ,we "k1 ( c\rse1 :at ! fate is
 t awaits u4 ,we "k :at are ! t]ms ( !  
compact4 ,n[ & aga9 we are mom5t>ily    
/ruck by ! pa?os ( x all2 = in/ance1 :5 
we walk ?r\gh "s cr[d$ ?or\ghf>e on a   
bright day & reflect t be=e _m ye>s ?is 
entire multitude w h disappe>$4 ,!      
rosy-*eek$ girl :o has j pass$2 ! gay "y
 fell[ at h] side1 full ( 8 hopes1      
confid5t ( 8 a*ievem5ts1 act+ & speak+ z
 if ! lease ( et]nity 7 82 t grave &    
rev]5d seigneur1 clad ) dignity &       
au?ority--all w h gone1 & o!rs w h tak5 
_! places4 ,yet1 z a rule1 we are n mu* 
affect$ by su* reflections4 ,:5 "o ( our
 fri5ds has met ) a pa9less dea? we are 
apt to solace ourselves ) ! hope t      
p]haps we %all be z lucky z he2 at all  
ev5ts1 we "k t :5 our "t comes we mu/   
take our turn4 ,ev5 ^? :o look =w>d )   
appreh5sion to ! la/ mom5t1 & :o :5 x   
approa*es1 cl+ desp]ately to life1 are  
prud5t en\gh to hold _! peace4 ,!re is a
 g5]al und]/&+ t ^? :o g %all n m> !    

composure ( ^? :o /ay1 & t public       
decorum %all n be di/urb$ by outcries4  
,?is is ! baldly secul> view ( ! matt]1 
& ?is view1 ?\gh bas$ on l[             
consid]ations1 9 "s respects is s\nd    
en\gh4 ,& yet ,i reit]ate ! op9ion t to 
live z if ?is h\r 7 our la/--9 o!r      
words1 to frankly face ! idea ( dea?--is
 mo/ conducive to ! spiritual life4 ,x  
is = ! sake ( ! reflex action ^u life t 
! practice ( com+ to a "r und]/&+ ) dea?
 is s valuable4 ,take ! case ( a man :o 
calls on 8 physician1 & !re unexpect$ly 
discov]s t he is afflict$ ) a fatal     
malady1 & is told t he may h only a few 
mon?s long] to live4 ,?is visit to !    
physician has *ang$ ! :ole complexion ( 
life = him4 ,:at w be ! effect ^u him8  
,if he be a sane1 /rong1 morally        
high-br$ man1 ! effect w be ennobl+2 x w
 c]ta9ly n d>k5 ! face ( nature = him4  
,mat!w ,arnold wi%$ t :5 he di$ he might
 be plac$ at ! op5 w9d[1 t he might see 
! sun %9+ on ! l&scape1 & cat* at ev5+ !
 gleam ( ! ris+ />4 ,ev]y?+ t is        

beautiful 9 ! _w w /ill be beautiful2 he
 w ?ankfully accept ! la/ draught ( !   
joy :i* nature has p\r$ into 8 goblet4  
,ev]y?+ t is really uplift+ 9 human life
 w h a m exquisite & t5d] message = him4
 ,! gayety ( *ildr5 w ?rill him z nev]  
be=e1 int]pret$ z a sign ( ! inv9cible  
buoyancy ( ! human race1 ( t race :i* w 
g on battl+ its way aft] he has ceas$ to
 live4 ,if he be a man ( l>ge bus9ess   
connections1 he w /ill1 & m ?an ev]1 be 
int]e/$ 9 plann+ h[ :at he has begun may
 be safely cont9u$4 ,if he be ! fa!r ( a
 family1 he w provide ) a wise          
solicitude1 z f> z possible1 = e        
cont+5cy4 ,he w dispose ( matt]s n[1 z  
if he c\ld see :at w happ5 aft] 8       
dep>ture4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all t is va9 or 
frivol\s1 e vile pleasure1 gambl+1      
cruelty1 h>% language to wife or *ild1  
trick]y 9 bus9ess1 social snobbi%ness1  
all ! base traits t disfigure human     
conduct1 he w n[ recoil f ) horror1 z   
be+ incongru\s ) ! solemn realization ( 
8 condition4 ,! frank fac+ ( dea?1      

!re=e1 has ! effect ( sift+ out ! true  
values ( life f ! false1 ! ?+s t are    
wor? :ile f ! ?+s t are n wor? :ile1 !  
?+s t are relat$ to ! highe/ end f ^?   
relat$ to ! l[] p>tial ends4 ,! precept1
 ,live z if ?is h\r 7 ?y la/1 is enjo9$ 
z a t\*/one2 n = ! purpose ( damp5+ !   
heal?y reli% ( life1 b z a means (      
enhanc+ ! reli% = real liv+1 ! k9d (    
liv+ t is devot$ to ?+s really wor?     
:ile4 ,z su* a te/ x is invaluable4 ,!  
"q1 ,%\ld ,i c>e to be surpris$ by dea? 
9 :at ,i am do+ n[8--put x to !         
dissipat$ "y man 9 8 cups1 put x to !   
respectable rogue--nay1 put x to ea* "o 
( u1 & x w (t5 br+ ! blu% ( %ame to our 
*eeks4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,i comm5d ! ?\ght (  
dea?1 ,i ?9k ( dea? n z a grim1 grisly  
skeleton1 a ,k+ ( ,t]rors1 b r z a      
mighty angel1 hold+ ) av]t$ face a      
wondr\s lamp4 ,by t lamp--hold x /ill   
ne>]1 ,o ,dea?--,i w\ld read ! scripture
 ( my life1 & :at ,i read 9 t se>*+     
light1 t w\ld ,i take to he>t4  ,f9ally1
 !re is a ?ird condition ( ! spiritual  

life :i* ,i w\ld m5tion1 & :i* comes    
ne>] to ! he>t ( ! matt] ?an any?+ t has
 yet be5 said4 ,le>n to look ^u any pa9s
 & injuries :i* y may h to endure z y   
w\ld ^u ! same pa9s & injuries endur$ by
 someone else4 ,if sick & suff]+1       
rememb] :at y w\ld say to someone else  
:o is sick & suff]+1 rememb] h[ y w\ld  
admoni% him t he is n ! fir/ or ! only  
"o t has be5 9 l case1 h[ y w\ld expect 
( him =titude 9 be>+ pa9 z an evid5ce ( 
human dignity4 ,exhort y\rself 9 l      
mann]2 expect ! same =titude ( y\rself4 
,if any "o has done y a wrong1 rememb]  
:at y w\ld adduce 9 palliation ( ! (f5ce
 if ano!r 7 9 ! same situation2 rememb] 
h[ y w\ld sugge/ t p]haps ! "o injur$ _h
 giv5 "s provocation to ! wrongdo]1 h[ y
 w\ld p]haps h quot$ ! say+3 ,t\t       
compr5dre e/ t\t p>donn]--to und]/& is  
to p>don1 h[ y w\ld 9 any case h        
condemn$ v9dictive res5tm5t4 ,9 ! moral 
_w ea* "o c\nts = "o & n m ?an "o4 ,!   
judgm5t t y pass on o!rs1 pass on       
y\rself1 & ! fact t y are able to d s1 t

 y h ! p[] to rise above y\r subjective 
self & take ! public univ]sal po9t (    
view ) respect to y\rself1 w give y a   
wond]ful s5se ( enfran*isem5t & poise & 
spiritual dignity4 ,&1 on ! o!r h& 7&   
?is is b ! obv]se ( ! same rule71 look  
^u ev]yone else z be+ f ! moral po9t (  
view j z important z y are2 nay1 realize
 t e human be+ is b ano!r self1 a "p ( !
 same spiritual be+ t is 9 y1 a         
complem5t ( y\rself1 a "p ( y\r ess5tial
 be+4 ,realize ! unity t subsi/s betwe5 
y & y\r fell[-m51 & !n y\r life w be    
spiritual inde$4 ,= ! highe/ end ) :i*  
we mu/ be ev] 9 t\*1 t[>d :i* we mu/ be 
ev] look+1 is to make actual t unity    
betwe5 ourselves & o!rs ( :i* our moral 
nature is ! prophecy4 ,! realization ( t
 unity is ! goal t[>d :i* humanity t5ds4
  ,spirituality dep5ds ^u our tutor+    
ourselves to reg>d ! welf>e (           
o!rs--moral z well z ext]nal--z mu* our 
conc]n z our own4 ,:at ?is practically  
means ! foll[+ illu/ration w indicate4  
,a c]ta9 bank (ficial1 a man ( excell5t 

education & ( high social /&+1 committ$ 
a crime4 ,he all[$ himself 9 a mom5t (  
lam5table weakness to use c]ta9 tru/    
funds :i* _h be5 committ$ to him to cov]
 losses :i* he _h su/a9$4 ,he int5d$ to 
replace :at he _h tak51 ( c\rse1 b he   
c\ld n d s1 = he became m & m deeply    
involv$4 ,"o night z he 0 alone 9 8     
(fice x became pla9 to him t ! day (    
reckon+ c\ld no long] be put (f4 ,he 0  
at ! end ( 8 res\rces4 ,! morr[ w\ld br+
 exposure & ru94 ,!n ! temptation seiz$ 
him to make away ) himself4 ,he _h a    
*>m+ wife & two lovely daught]s4 ,he 0 !
 rev]$ head ( ! h\sehold2 9 ! eyes ( 8  
family ! p>agon ( honor4 ,he 0          
univ]sally e/eem$ by 8 fri5ds1 :o knew n
 8 temptation & 8 fall4 ,on t night 9 ! 
lonely (fice he c\ld n be> to ?9k (     
meet+ ! future1 ( be+ expos$ z a crim9al
 9 ! eyes ( 8 fri5ds1 ( br++ ^u 8 family
 ! infamy & ! agony ( 8 disgrace4 ,%\ld 
a man 9 8 situation be p]mitt$ to commit
 suicide8 ,if we 7 at 8 elb[ %\ld we    
all[ him to d s8 ,?is "q 0 submitt$ to  

"o ( my ,e?ics classes4 ,! /ud5ts at    
fir/ impulsively decid$ 9 ! affirmative1
 = !y argu$1 z _m d1 t "r conduct       
consi/s 9 be/[+ happ9ess on o!rs1 &     
wrong conduct 9 inflict+ suff]+ on o!rs2
 & n[ t ! man _h committ$ ! crime1 !y   
ma9ta9$ he c\ld at lea/ relieve ^? :om  
he lov$ ( 8 pres5ce by tak+ himself out 
( _! way4 ,true1 someone said1 !        
exposure 0 inevitable 9 any case1 & !   
%ock ( discov]y c\ld n be av]t$2 b we 7 
=c$ to conc$e t f ! po9t ( view (       
suff]+1 ! pa9 involv$ 9 ! sudd5 %ock    
c\ld n be comp>$ to ! long-drawn-out    
angui% :i* w\ld result if he cont9u$ to 
live4 ,= pres5tly he w\ld =feit 8       
lib]ty2 he w\ld sit z a prison] 9 !     
dock4 ,8 wife & daught]s1 loyal to _!   
duties ev5 t[>d an unwor?y husb& & fa!r1
 w\ld be f\nd at 8 side4 ,!y w\ld he> ! 
:isp]s1 !y w\ld see ! significant nods1 
!y w\ld endure all ! %ame4 ,lat] on1 :5 
! trial 0 at an end1 ! prison] w\ld /&  
up to he> ! v]dict4 ,!y w\ld /ill be ne>
 him4 ,/ill lat] !re w\ld be !          

pilgrimage to ! prison on ! ,hudson4 ,!y
 w\ld see _! belov$ husb& & fa!r 9 /rip$
 g>b among ! scum & refuse ( society1 & 
^! we>y j\rneys w\ld be repeat$ dur+    
long ye>s until 8 t]m 0 ov] & he return$
 a brok5 & outca/ man to :at 0 once a   
home4 ,c\ld n ?is lam5table issue at    
lea/ be =e/all$8 ,b !n !re came a new   
light into our discussion4 ,"o ( !      
/ud5ts sugge/$ t he mu/ face !          
consequ5ces ( 8 wrongdo+1 & t "o ( !    
consequ5ces is ! v suff]+ :i* he        
inflicts ^u ! innoc5t4 ,he mu/ see t day
 by day4 ,t w\ld be a "p ( 8 expiation1 
! purify+ fire t may consume ! dross ( 8
 nature4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld be "r =
 ! innoc5t to be>1 n ! guilt1 b !       
consequ5ces ( ! guilt ( ! wrongdo] :om  
!y h lov$1 :om !y /ill love4 ,= ?is is !
 holy law3 t ! o!r :om we love %all be  
tak5 into our self z a "p ( our v self1 
t 9 8 joy we %all rejoice z if 8 joy 7  
ours1 t 9 8 a*ievem5ts we %all triumph1 
t 9 8 humiliations we %all be humbl$1 & 
t we %all "w out 8 r$emption by travel+ 

) him ! h>d road t leads out ( ! d>k    
dep?s upw>d aga9 to ! levels ( peace &  
reconciliation4  ,! spiritual life      
dep5ds on self-recollection & deta*m5t f
 ! ru% ( life2 x dep5ds on fac+ frankly 
! ?\ght ( dea?2 x is signaliz$1         
especially1 by ! id5tification ( self ) 
o!rs1 ev5 ( ! guiltless ) ! guilty4     
,spirituality is sometimes spok5 ( z if 
x 7 a k9d ( moral luxury1 a "w (        
sup]]ogation1 a tok5 ( fa/idi\sness &   
ov]-ref9em5t4 ,x is no?+ ( ! sort4      
,spirituality is simply morality c>ri$  
to its f>!/ b\nds2 x is n an airy bauble
 ( ! fancy1 x is ( ! t\gh fibre ( !     
human he>t4   ,,ii4 ,,! ,,spiritual     
,,attitude ,,t[>d ,,"o',s ,,neighbor4   
,sunday1 ,nov4 #bg1 #aijd4  ,^? :om we  
call our neighbors1 our fell[-m51 may /&
 to u 9 a ?reefold relation4 ,"s possess
 gifts f> great] ?an our own1 & 9 po9t (
 developm5t are our sup]iors2 "s are on 
! same level2 & "s are mu* inf]ior to u4
 ,! spiritual attitude t[>d our         
neighbor--?\gh always gov]n$ by ! same  

pr9ciple1 expresses itself 9 diff]5t    
ways1 accord+ z our neighbor is relat$  
to u 9 "o or ano!r ( ^! ?ree ways4  ,i  
rec5tly read a biography ( ,mat!w       
,arnold1 ! au?or ( :i* con/antly speaks 
( himself z ,arnold's disciple4 ,x is n 
(t5 n[adays t we he> m5 proclaim        
!mselves disciples & glory 9 _!         
disciple%ip4 ,at ! pres5t day ! t5d5cy  
is = e "o to ass]t an equality ) o!rs2 &
 mo/ p]sons w\ld res5t ! imputation (   
subord9ation impli$ 9 su* a ^w z        
disciple4 ,& yet ! writ] 9 "q is a      
self-respect+ man1 he is ?or\ghly alive 
to 8 dignity1 & he has ke5 & unsp>+     
words = c]ta9 ( ! faults ( ! ma/] :om he
 rev]es4 ,he is n bl9d1 he is n wax 9 ! 
h&s ( ! ma/]1 he does n look ^u him )   
undisc]n+ admiration1 & yet he takes    
t[>d him ! rev]5t attitude--:at ,i %\ld 
call ! spiritual attitude--= he         
recognizes t ?is ma/] ( 8 is a casket 9 
:i* nature has deposit$ a treasure (    
extraord9>y value1 t he possesses a     
g5ius mu* sup]ior to t ( o!rs4 ,! loyal 

disciple is conc]n$ t ?is g5ius %\ld    
appe> 9 its full pot5cy & 9 undim9i%$   
radiance4 ,to ?is end is ! upw>d look1 !
 appreciation & rev]5ce1 & to ?is end   
also ! misgiv+ & ! remon/rance :5 !     
great man deviates f ! c\rse :i* he     
ought to foll[4 ,! same attitude (      
loyalty we sometimes f9d among !        
disciples ( great arti/s1 & ! foll[]s ( 
great religi\s tea*]s4 ,loyalty is a    
virtue :i* is some:at und]rat$ at !     
pres5t day4 ,loyalty is n debas+1 n     
unwor?y ( a self-respect+ man2 x is b   
ano!r "n = ! spiritual attitude t[>d ^? 
:o h a sup]ior g5ius1 to ^: height we   
are lift$ by our appreciation ( !m4     
,fur!rmore1 9 our spiritual relation    
t[>d ^? :o occupy ab\t ! same plane (   
developm5t ) ourselves1 ! same pr9ciple 
( sympa?y ) ! be/ possible atta9m5t %\ld
 be ! rule4 ,to rejoice 9 ! failure (   
o!rs1 to acc5tuate 9 our ?9k+ & 9 our   
conv]sation ! faults ( o!rs1 to triumph 
at _! exp5se1 is ! utt]ly unspiritual   
attitude4 ,to desire t o!rs may manife/ 

! excell5ce t is lat5t 9 !m--be x l to  
or diff]5t f our own1 to desire t !y    
%all h cr$it = e excell5ce !y possess1 &
 to s$ul\sly aid !m 9 develop+ su*      
excell5ce z !y c atta9 to1 t is !       
spiritual attitude4  ,i h spok5 (       
sup]iors & equals1 ( our attitude t[>d  
^? :o are m develop$ ?an we are1 & t[>d 
^? :o are ab\t equally develop$2 b my   
address to-day w be ma9ly occupi$ ) our 
duty t[>d ^? :o are or seem to be :olly 
undevelop$4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple (    
,e?ics is t e human be+ possesses       
indefeasible wor?4 ,x is comp>atively   
easy to apply ! pr9ciple ( anticipat+   
our neighbor's lat5t tal5ts to ! highly 
gift$1 to ! great au?ors1 sci5ti/s1     
/atesm51 arti/s1 & ev5 to ! mod]ately   
gift$1 = _! wor? is1 9 "p1 already      
manife/$ 9 _! lives4 ,b x is n s easy to
 apply or ju/ify ! pr9ciple 9 ! case ( !
 obscure masses1 ^: lives are unev5tful1
 unillum9at$ by tal5t1 *>m1 or          
conspicu\s s]vice1 & :o1 z individuals  
at lea/1 x might appe>1 c\ld well be    

sp>$ )\t impair+ ! progress ( ! human   
race4 ,& yet ?is doctr9e ( ! wor? ( all 
is ! corn]/one ( our democracy4 ,^u x   
re/s ! pr9ciple ( ! equal rights ( ev5 !
 humble/ be=e ! law1 ! equal "r ( all to
 p>ticipate 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,x is also !  
corn]/one ( all private morality2 =     
unless we accept x1 we _c take !        
spiritual attitude t[>d ^? :o are       
undevelop$4  ,! doctr9e1 !n1 t e man    
possesses indefeasible wor? is ! basis (
 public morality1 & at ! same "t ! moral
 pr9ciple by :i* our private relations  
to our fell[-m5 are regulat$4 ,:at does 
x mean to ascribe indefeasible wor? to e
 man8 ,x means1 = in/ance1 t human be+s 
may n be hunt$ & kill$ 9 sport z hunt]s 
kill birds or o!r game2 t human be+s may
 n be dev\r$ = food z !y h be5 by       
cannibals or sometimes by m5 9 />vation 
camps :5 h>d press$ by hung]2 t human   
be+s may n be =c$ to "w )\t pay1 or 9   
any way treat$ z m]e tools or in/rum5ts 
= ! satisfaction ( ! desires ( o!rs4    
,?is1 & m to ! same purpose1 is impli$ 9

 ! ascription ( indefeasible wor? to e  
man4 ,moreov]1 on ! same pr9ciple1 x    
foll[s t x is morally wrong to deprive  
ano!r ( ! prop]ty :i* he ne$s = 8       
livelihood or = ! expression ( 8        
p]sonality1 & to bla/ ! reputation (    
ano!r--!reby de/roy+ :at may be call$ 8 
social exi/5ce4 ,& x also foll[s t a    
society is morally mo/ imp]fect1 !      
conditions ( :i* are su* t _m lives are 
indirectly sacrific$ because ( ! lack ( 
suffici5t food1 & t _m p]sons are       
depriv$ ( _! prop]ty ?r\gh cunn+ &      
fraud4 ,! life ( animals we d take1 &   
:atev] secret compunction we may h 9 !  
matt]1 ! mo/ confirm$ veget>ian w n     
reg>d himself 9 ! light ( a cannibal :5 
he p>takes ( animal food4 ,! lib]ty (   
animals we d abridge )\t scruple2 we    
h>ness horses to our c>riages1 reg>dless
 ( :at may be _! incl9ations1 & we d n  
reg>d ourselves z slavehold]s :5 we ?us 
use !m4 ,:y is !re ?is enorm\s di/9ction
 betwe5 animals & m58 ,are ! ,hott5tots 
s greatly elevat$ above ! animal level2 

are ! l[e/ classes ( negroes s mu*      
sup]ior 9 intellig5ce to animals8 ,h !  
black race & ! br[n race any claim to be
 treat$ z ! equals ( ! :ite8 ,among :ite
 m5 !mselves is !re n a simil> diff]5ce 
betwe5 inf]iors & sup]iors8 ,su*        
que/ions naturally sugge/ !mselves2 & !y
 h be5 ask$ at all times4 ,x seems      
obvi\s t value %\ld be ascrib$ to ^? :o 
possess g5ius or ev5 tal5t1 or at lea/  
av]age intellig5ce2 b :y %\ld value be  
ascrib$ to e human be+ j because he we>s
 ! human =m8  ,! positive belief 9 human
 wor? on :i* is bas$ ! belief 9 human   
equality1 s f> z x has root$ itself 9 ! 
_w at all1 we owe to religion1 & m      
p>ticul>ly to ! ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian      
religions4 ,! ,hebrew ,bible says3 ,9 ! 
image ( ,god did ,he create man--x is   
?is ,god-lik5ess t to ! ,hebrew m9d     
atte/s ! wor? ( man4 ,z "s ( ! great    
ma/]s on complet+ a pa9t+ h plac$ a     
m9iature portrait ( !mselves by way (   
signature bel[ _! "w1 s ! great         
,_w-,arti/ :5 ,he _h creat$ ! human s\l 

/amp$ x ) ! lik5ess ( ,himself to atte/ 
its div9e orig94 ,& ! greate/ ( !       
,hebrew ?9k]s conceiv$ ( ?is dignity z  
belong+ to all human be+s alike1        
irrespective ( race or cre$4 ,9         
practice1 h[ev]1 ! idea ( equal human   
wor? 0 m or less limit$ to ! ,*os5 ,p4  
,at lea/1 to keep )9 ! b\nds ( ! arti/ic
 simile1 ! memb]s ( ! ,hebrew p 7 reg>d$
 z fir/-pro( copies1 & o!r m5 z some:at 
dim & less p]fect duplicates4  ,9 !     
,*ri/ian religion a new idea 0          
introduc$4 ,! belief 9 ! wor? ( man 0   
f\nd$ on ! doctr9e ( r$emption4 ,!      
sacrifice ( atonem5t _h be5 (f]$ up = ! 
b5efit ( all p]sons :o *ose to avail    
!mselves ( x4 ,*ri/ _h come to save !   
,g5tile z well z ! ,jew1 ! bond z well z
 ! free1 m51 wom5 & *ildr5 ( e race1    
liv+ "u e sky1 ( e color ( sk9 & degree 
( intellig5ce4 ,! sacr$ respect :i* we  
owe to e human be+ is due f ?is po9t (  
view to ! circum/ance t e human be+ is a
 possible b5efici>y ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,=   
him too--z ! !ological phrase is--,*ri/ 

di$ ^u ! cross4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ianity too we 
f9d t ! idea ( bro!rhood1 ( equal wor?1 
univ]sal z x is 9 !ory1 9 practice came 
to be consid]ably re/rict$4 ,x did n    
really ext5d to all human be+s z su*2 x 
did n ext5d to ^? :o refus$ to be !     
b5efici>ies ( ! act ( atonem5t4 ,9      
reality1 x appli$ only to ,*ri/ians or  
to ^? :o 7 n av]se to receiv+ ! ,*ri/ian
 fai?4 ,! !ological =mulation ( !       
fundam5tal idea :i* we are discuss+1    
!re=e1 is beset by two difficulties3 x  
is limit$ 9 application1 & x is bas$ on 
!ological conceptions4 ,z soon z ^!     
!ological conceptions are rel9qui%$1 !  
doctr9e ( equality is 9 dang] ( be+     
ab&on$4  ,9 #aggf1 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,am]ican
 ,republic und]took to supply a new & a 
secul> f\ndation = ?is doctr9e4 ,9 !    
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ,jeff]son    
wrote3 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be          
self-evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ free & 
equal4 ,9 o!r words1 he put =? ! a/oni%+
 proposition t human equality is        
self-evid5t4 ,_m ( u w\ld incl9e to !   

op9ion t ! opposite is self-evid5t1 t ! 
inequalities :i* subsi/ betwe5 m5 are s 
palpable t we _c ov]look !m4 ,if1 h[ev]1
 we inquire :at l$ ,jeff]son to ?is     
/atem5t1 we %all f9d t1 at ! "t :5 !    
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 0 writt51 !re 
exi/$ a basis ( fact t gave color to 8  
assumption4 ,! population ( ! ,unit$    
,colonies 0 small--only ab\t ?ree       
millions--& on ! :ole homog5e\s4 ,!     
great majority ( ! p 7 agriculturi/s1   
pursu+ ! same occupations & on ! :ole   
exhibit+ ! same traits4 ,!y 7 all1 or   
almo/ all1 ( vigor\s /ock1 capable (    
self-gov]nm5t1 jeal\s ( _! rights1      
indep5d5t 9 _s4 ,at t p>ticul> "t1 !    
po9ts ( simil>ity & equality among !    
memb]s ( ! ,am]ican ,colonies f>        
outweigh$ ! po9ts ( dissimil>ity4 ,x 01 
!n1 to a c]ta9 ext5t on facts (         
exp]i5ce1 & n entirely on ! hypo!sis ( !
 eighte5? c5tury philosophy1 t          
,jeff]son's fam\s proclamation re/$4    
,s9ce ,jeff]son's day ! facts h m>k$ly  
*ang$4 ,we h pass$ beyond ! agricultural

 /age1 & h ent]$ ! /age ( indu/rial     
developm5t4 ,! occupations ( our citiz5s
 h become greatly div]sifi$4 ,l>ge      
bodies ( =eign immigrants h come to u4  
,if we survey ! conditions ( ,am]ican   
life at pres5t1 we are /rongly impress$ 
) ! diff]5ces t exi/ betwe5 ! v>i\s     
/rata ( our population3 diff]5ces 9     
m5tal ability1 diff]5ces 9 vital en]gy1 
diff]5ces 9 ! po9t ( culture atta9$1    
diff]5ces 9 capacity to rise4 ,z a      
consequ5ce1 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 
is treat$ by _m z an obsolete docum5t1 &
 its ass]tions z m]e bomba/ & rhetoric2 
unju/ly s1 because ! tru? :i* x attempts
 to convey is valid1 ?\gh ! =m 9 :i* !  
tru? is express$ & ! gr\nds on :i* x is 
put are no long] adequate4  ,we h       
arriv$1 !n1 at ?is pass3 ! !ological    
f\ndation = ! doctr9e ( human equality  
has fail$ or is fail+ u2 ! facts to :i* 
! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce appeal$ h   
alt]$4 ,are we1 !n1 to give up ! belief 
9 human equality--t priceless po/ulate (
 ! moral law1 ! basis alike ( democracy 

& ( private morality8 ,at times x seems 
to u t ! _w is almo/ ready to d s4      
,nietzs*e 9 ,g]many puts x =? z a       
philosophic pr9ciple t humanity exi/s n 
= ! democratic purpose ( secur+ ! highe/
 developm5t ( all1 b = ! ari/ocratic    
purpose ( produc+ a race ( sup]m51 an   
elite ( /rong1 =ceful1 leon9e be+s4 ,& 9
 8 doctr9e t ! _m exi/ z a k9d ( p$e/al 
= ! gr&eur ( ! few1 he f9ds support ! _w
 ov]4 ,m5 are b too ready 9 ?is age1 :5 
! en]gies ( ! /rong h be5 unfett]$ &    
moral re/ra9ts h become weak5$1 to put  
,nietz*e's doctr9e into practice too4 ,f
 ! ,congo we he> appall+ acc\nts ( !    
cruelty ( civiliz$ m5 9 _! deal+s ) !   
unciviliz$4 ,rubb] & ivory1 x appe>s1   
mu/ be obta9$ 9 l>ge quantities to      
secure a h&some pr(it on inve/m5ts t h  
be5 made 9 ^? regions4 ,railroads mu/ be
 built to make ! supply ( rubb] & (     
ivory accessible4 ,9 consequ5ce1 a sy/em
 ( =c$ labor1 ( virtual slav]y1 has be5 
impos$ on ! mis]able natives 9 ord] to  
make ! build+ ( ^! railroads possible4  

,human life has n be5 sp>$1 = human life
 9 ! ,congo is z du/ 9 ! balance :5     
weigh$ aga9/ ! pr(its f rubb]4 ,punitive
 exp$itions h be5 organiz$ 79 o!r words1
 :olesale slaught] has be5 resort$ to71 
9 ord] to co]ce ! reluctant natives to  
br+ 9 _! supplies m punctually4 ,! wives
 & daught]s ( ! natives h be5 seiz$1    
brutally *a9$1 & deta9$ z ho/ages 9 ord]
 to influ5ce _! husb&s & fa!rs to a m   
ready ob$i5ce4 ,! /ory ( ! ,congo reads 
l an incr$ible nightm>e2 ! civiliz$ _w  
is agha/ at ! p>tial revelations ( x :i*
 h be5 publi%$4 ,f ,arm5ia we he> simil>
 /ories ( ru?less contempt = human life 
& m]ciless outrage4 ,) ,ki%9eff &       
,sib]ia 9 m9d1 we ne$ n comm5t on !     
conditions t exi/ 9 ,russia4 ,9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 ! he>tr5d+ circum/ances t      
accompany negro lyn*+s1 ! conditions 9 !
 sweat$ indu/ries1 & ! widespread evil (
 *ild labor %[ u cle>ly en\gh h[ little 
! doctr9e ( ! intr9sic & indefeasible   
wor? ( man has z yet become ! prop]ty ( 
ev5 ! mo/ advanc$ nations4 ,9 ! face (  

all ^! odds on ! o!r side1 9 ! face ( ^!
 conf$]ate =ces work+ ! _w ov] = !      
abasem5t ( man1 h[ urg5t is ! appeal to 
rescue & =tify ! doctr9e1 to make x     
effectual1 fir/ 9 our own conduct & !n 9
 t ( o!rs6 ,& on :at t5able f\ndations c
 we re/ x1 t x may become op]ative8     
,fir/1 z to its mean+4 ,x does n mean   
equality ( gifts1 or equality ( m5tal   
en]gy1 or equality 9 any ( ! traits t   
lead to successful c>e]s4 ,x means      
equality 9 ! s5se t ea* is ! vehicle (  
"s tal5t1 h[ev] small1 ! be>] ( "s gift1
 h[ev] seem+ly inconsid]able1 :i* 9 !   
sum total ( humanity's developm5t is    
ne$$2 t ea* "o 9 8 place & ) 8 gift1    
h[ev] insignificant 9 appe>ance1 is 9   
fact indisp5sable4  ,& :at is ! reason =
 ascrib+ su* wor? to human be+s8 ,! sole
 reason is1 t ! moral law enjo9s u to d 
s4 ,be=e ev] we h discov]$ :e!r a man   
has wor? 9 him or n1 ! moral law enjo9s 
u to ascribe x to him1 to treat him z if
 he _h x1 to see 9 him ! light ( !      
possibilities :i* he has nev] made good 

& :i* he nev] :olly w make good3 & ?us1 
& ?us only1 %all we br+ to light1 9 "p  
at lea/1 ! preci\s ?+s 9 8 nature1 !    
exi/5ce ( :i* we c only div9e4 ,! moral 
law is :olly misund]/ood if x be f\nd$  
on ! actual wor? or value ( m51 = none (
 u has great wor? or value4 ,! moral law
 is a law = ! elicit+ ( possibilities4  
,briefly put1 x enjo9s t we %all inve/  
o!rs ) a g>m5t ( light1 t we %all       
ascribe wor? to o!rs & to ourselves1 9  
ord] t !y & we may become wor?y4 ,?is is
 ! spiritual basis ( ! doctr9e (        
equality2 ?is is ! spiritual conception 
:i* %\ld regulate our attitude t[>d our 
neighbors4  ,& yet if !re 7 no evid5ce  
at all to support our fai? 9 human      
goodness1 our fai?1 h[ev] vigor\s at    
fir/1 w\ld soon decl9e1 & hope & c\rage 
might utt]ly des]t u4 ,if m5 on ne>]    
acqua9tance turn$ out to be1 z "s       
pessimi/s h repres5t$ !m to be1 h>d     
egoti/s1 +rates1 sl&]]s1 backbit]s1     
envi\s1 incapable ( g5]\s admirations1  
sodd5 9 s5suality1 knaves devoid (      

scruple2 if exp]i5ce inde$ bore out ?is 
sweep+ impea*m5t1 if especially !       
s-call$ masses ( mank9d 7 hopelessly    
deliv]$ ov] to ! sway ( brutal in/9cts1 
( sup]/ition & folly2 ! fai? ( :i* ,i   
speak might ju/ly be t]m$ m]e           
fatu\sness1 & ! rule ( act+ on !        
assumption t m5 are bett] ?an !y appe>  
w\ld turn out a bl9d delusion4 ,b !     
/rik+ fact is1 t z soon z we act on !   
pr9ciple ( look+ = ! lat5t good 9 o!rs1 
we are rew>d$ by f9d+ f> m ?an we _h any
 reason to expect4  ,take z an in/ance !
 masses ( ! poor & ignorant1 ^u :om we  
are s apt to pass sweep+ judgm5ts1 z    
,c>lyle did :5 he said t ! population ( 
,engl& 0 =ty millions-- mo/ly fools4 ,! 
exp]i5ce ( ^? :o h _h to d ) popul>     
education does n corroborate ?is ra%    
condemnation4 ,!re is h>dly a *ild 9 our
 public s*ools t is n f\nd to possess   
m5tal p[] ( "s sort1 if only we possess 
! "r me?od ( call+ x out4 ,! new        
education is new & significant j because
 x has succe$$ 9 devis+ me?ods = ga9+   

access to ! lat5t m5tal p[]1 & ?us rea*+
 :at _h be5 suppos$ to be non-exi/5t4 ,e
 s-call$ educational campaign 9 ! field 
( politics br+s out ! same tru?4 ,!     
capacity = h>d ?9k+ & s\nd judgm5t :i*  
resides 9 ! work+ class is surpris+ to  
u1 only because 9 our prepo/]\s pride we
 _h suppos$ !m to be bak$ ( diff]5t clay
 ?an we are4 ,9 ! matt] ( arti/ic       
end[m5t1 too1 :at wond]ful discov]ies d 
we con/antly make among poor *ildr51 ev5
 among *ildr5 t come f ! l[e/ dregs (   
society6 ,:at f9e fancy1 :at prompt     
response to ! appeal ( ! beautiful1 9   
spite ( all ! debas+ inh]itance6  ,b x  
is1 9 ! la/ analysis1 ! moral qualities 
^u :i* our respect = human nature re/s1 
& 9 ?is respect h[ (t5 are we a/oni%$1  
yes & aba%$1 :5 we obs]ve ! ext5t to :i*
 ! moral virtues express !mselves 9 !   
life ( ^? :o1 9 po9t ( s-call$ culture1 
are inf9itely our inf]iors6 ,:at p[] (  
self-sacrifice is display$ by ^! poor p1
 :om sometimes 9 our wick$ moods we are 
dispos$ to despise2 :at read9ess to %>e 

! la/ cru/ ) ^? :o are1 ,i w n say      
hungry1 b hungri]6 ,:o ( u w\ld take    
into 8 own h\se1 8 own b$*amb]1 a dy+   
consumptive1 a m]e acqua9tance1 9 ord] t
 ! la/ days ( ! suff]] might be soo!d by
 fri5dly nurs+8 ,:o ( u w\ld make       
provision 9 our w to %>e our grave ) a  
wor?y /rang]1 9 ord] to av]t f him !    
dread$ fate ( be+ buri$ 9 ! ,pott]'s    
,field8 ,:i* ( our "y m5 w\ld be will+  
to refuse ! pr(f]$ opportunity ( an     
education 9 "o ( ! =emo/ colleges 9 !   
l&1 9 ord] to /ay ) ! old folks at home 
& "w at a m5ial occupation = _! support8
 ,:o ( u w\ld give up ! joys ( y\? to   
devote 8 :ole life to ! c>e ( a         
b$-ridd51 half-dem5t$ p>5t8 ,yet all (  
^! ?+s & _m o!rs l !m ,i h kn[n to be   
done by p :o live 9 ! t5em5t h\ses ( ?is
 great city4 ,x sometimes seems z if !  
angelic aspect ( human nature display$  
itself by pref]5ce 9 ! h\se ( pov]ty1 z 
if ^? :o possess$ no o!r treasure1 no   
o!r jewels ) :i* to adorn !mselves1 7   
comp5sat$ = _! p5ury 9 o!r ways by ^!   

priceless gems ( ! mo/ unselfi% virtue4 
,su* conduct1 ( c\rse1 is n univ]sal4   
,!re are abundant in/ances ( ! opposite4
 ,b ! tru? rema9s t x is ! wor? :i* ^?  
:o seem to lead ! lea/ desirable lives  
display t[>d o!rs t assures u ( _! own  
wor?4 ,?is1 too1 is ! lesson ( !        
(t-quot$ & (t-misund]/ood p>able ( !    
,good ,sam>itan1 ^u :i* "h1 = ! mom5t1  
,i %\ld l to dwell4  ,! ,jewi% ,/ate 9 !
 "t ( ,jesus 0 sub/antially an          
ecclesia/ical ari/ocracy4 ,! highe/ rank
 0 occupi$ by ! prie/s & _! assessors1 !
 ,levites2 aft] !m1 sometimes disput+ ! 
fir/ place1 came ! doctors le>n$ 9 !    
sacr$ law2 bel[ !m ! commonalty2 & /ill 
l[] 9 ! social scale 7 ! p ( ,sam>ia1 :o
 accept$ ! curr5t ,jewi% religion only 9
 "p1 & :o 7 reg>d$ by ! blue-blood      
ecclesia/ical ari/ocrats ) contempt1    
inde$ almo/ z outca/s4 ,?is fact x is   
necess>y to rememb] 9 ord] to und]/& !  
p>able4 ,! designation ,good ,sam>itan  
has become s associat$ ) ! idea (       
m]cifulness1 t ,i d\bt n !re are _m     

p]sons :o h ! impression t ,sam>itans 9 
! anci5t ,hebrew days 7 p specially not$
 = _! b5evol5t disposition4 ,no?+ ( !   
k9d1 ( c\rse1 is true4 ,! ,sam>itans 7 a
 despis$ l[] /ratum ( ! population (    
,pale/9e4 ,read ! p>able 9 ?is light1 & 
y w p]ceive t ! moral ( x is n z        
commonly /at$--e "o :o has ne$ ( me is  
my neighbor2 b t !re is a f> deep] mean+
 9 x4  ,!re came to ,jesus "o day a man 
v]s$ 9 ! sacr$ law1 & ask$ him :at he   
mu/ d to inh]it et]nal life4 ,& ,jesus  
repli$3 ,! sub/ance ( "r conduct is pla9
 en\gh4 ,:y d y ask z if x 7 a ?+ v     
recondite & difficult8 ,love ?y ,god &  
?y neighbor4 ,b ! doctor ( ! sacr$ law1 
wi%+ to ju/ify himself 7wi%+ to %[ t !  
way ( ! upright life is n s pla91 t x   
may be difficult to decide :om "o %\ld  
reg>d z "o's equal1 to :om "o %\ld      
ascribe wor?71 ask$3 ,:o is my neighbor8
 ,& ,jesus repli$ 9 ! words ( !         
well-kn[n p>able conc]n+ a c]ta9 man :o 
_h fall5 among ?ieves1 & ^! /ripp$ him (
 8 raim5t & left him = dead on ! public 

road t runs betwe5 ,j]usalem & ,j]i*o4  
,pres5tly a memb] ( ! high ari/ocracy1 a
 prie/1 pass$ by1 b paid no att5tion to 
! suff]]2 !n ano!r1 a ,levite1 came t   
way1 look$ at ! man :o 0 ly+ !re        
helpless1 & turn$ & w5t on 8 j\rney4 ,!n
 !re came "o ( ^? l[-ca/e despis$       
,sam>itans2 & he act$ l a t5d] human    
bro!r1 b\nd up ! man's w\nds1 p\r$ oil &
 w9e into !m1 etc4 ,& ,jesus said3 ,:i* 
"o ( ^! ?ree %[$ himself to be a        
neighbor to ! man t _h fall5 among      
?ieves8 ,9 :i* ( ! social classes did   
!re appe> to be ! true/ und]/&+ ( !     
conduct :i* moral duty requires ( u t[>d
 our fell[-m5--9 ! upp] classes or 9 !  
l[e/8 ,& ! answ] evid5tly is--9 ! l[e/4 
,! po9t ( ! p>able is t ! ,sam>itan     
himself1 :om prie/ & ,levite & doctor ( 
! law refus$ to reg>d z a neighbor1 0   
wor?y to be treat$ z a neighbor1 because
 he und]/ood1 z !y did n1 h[ to treat   
o!rs z neighbors4 ,! lesson ( ! p>able  
is a tw(old "o3 n only t ! w\nd$ man ly+
 unt5d$ on ! road 0 a neighbor because (

 8 ne$1 b m especially t ! ,sam>itan 0 a
 neighbor because he respond$ to ! ne$1 
& set an example ( truly human behavior 
to ^? :o _h d\bt$ :e!r1 because ( 8     
extreme social degradation1 he 0 himself
 to be reg>d$ z human4  ,! moral        
qualities 9 m51 !n1 con/itute _! mo/    
univ]sal title to respect1 & ^!         
qualities we f9d 9 all social grades &  
among all races & nationalities4 ,we f9d
 !m among ! ,*9ese1 z _! devot$ family  
life1 ! hone/y ( _! m]*ants1 & ! e?ics (
 ,confucius indicate4 ,we f9d !m among !
 negroes1 n only 9 ! case ( exceptional 
p]sons l ,book] ,wa%+ton or ,dubois or  
,atk9son1 b also 9 ! undi/+ui%$ life (  
_m an obscure man & woman1 :om to "k m  
intimately is to le>n to respect z a    
neighbor & a moral equal4 ,:at we ne$ to
 build up our fai? 9 human goodness is !
 clairvoyance t disc]ns ! hidd5         
treasures ( "* 9 o!rs4 ,& "o o!r quality
 is indisp5sable = ! moral appreciation 
( our neighbors1 namely1 ! quality (    
humility4 ,/range z x may seem1 ! less  

we plume ourselves on our own goodness1 
! m we %all be ready to believe 9 !     
goodness ( o!r p2 ! m we realize !      
inf9ite nature ( ! moral ideal & our own
 di/ance f x1 ! m we %all e/eem z (     
relatively small importance ! di/ance t 
sep>ates u f o!rs1 ! slight ext5t to :i*
 we may morally surpass !m4 ,! m we are 
aw>e ( our own frequ5t & s]i\s          
%ortcom+s1 ! m1 :5 we p]ceive ! moral   
del9qu5cies ( o!rs1 %all we recognize 9 
_! nature ! same recup]ative ag5cy :i*  
we believe to be 9 ourselves1 namely1 ! 
p[] ( div9e reg5]ation t c make all ?+s 
new4 ,if we reg>d ourselves z morally   
little & yet z nev] lo/1 we %all reg>d  
no "o else z lo/1 h[ev] morally little  
he may seem to be4  ,respect1 !n1 = !   
indefeasible wor? ( e human be+ mu/ be  
bas$ n on !ological sy/ems :i* are fa/  
decay+1 nor on ! fanci$ self-evid5ce (  
,jeff]son's ,decl>ation1 b solely on !  
moral law :i* comm&s u to ascribe su*   
wor? to o!rs :e!r we p]ceive x or n1    
nay1 to create x 9 o!rs by ascrib+ x to 

!m4  ,su* is ! spiritual attitude t[>d  
our fell[-m54 ,& ?\gh our confid5ce may 
n always be demon/rably ju/ifi$ by !    
result1 ?\gh we n always succe$ 9       
uplift+ o!rs1 yet by pursu+ ?is l9e (   
conduct we ourselves at all ev5ts %all  
be uplift$1 our own life w be t\*$ to   
f9] issues4   ,,iii4 ,,! ,,spiritual    
,,attitude ,,t[>d ,,oppressors4         
,sunday1 ,dec4 #d1 #aijd4  ,! problem ( 
our spiritual attitude t[>d positive    
badness1 social & individual wrongdo+1  
cruelty & oppression1 is f> m difficult 
( solution ?an ! problem ( our attitude 
t[>d wor? really exi/5t b conceal$4 ,!  
?orny "q1 h[ we are to deal ) wick$     
p]sons1 :e!r we are to obs]ve !         
spiritual attitude t[>d !m1 & 9 :at t   
attitude consi/s1 requires ! mo/ s9c]e &
 /raight=w>d treatm5t4  ,%\ld we        
cultivate an attitude ( indiff]5ce 9 su*
 cases8 ,a ruffian cruelly beats 8      
horse1 ! poor bea/ t has r5d]$ him      
fai?ful s]vice = _m a day1 b is feeble  
n[ & s9ks b5ea? its load4 ,) curses & ! 

%>p p]suasion ( ! la%1 ! m]ciless driv] 
seeks to =ce ! animal to ef=ts ( :i* x  
is pla9ly incapable4 ,c we /& by &      
witness su* a sc5e 9 philosophic calm8  
,%all we say t ! wret* is ! product (   
circum/ances1 & _c be expect$ to act    
o!rwise ?an he does8 ,%all we lik5      
evildo]s g5]ally1 z at pres5t is cu/om>y
 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s1 to ! sick8 ,%all we say
 t su* m5 are ! outcome ( _! h]$ity1 _! 
education1 _! environm5t8 ,i h kn[n ( a 
husb& :o 9 a /ate ( intoxication        
brutally /ruck & injur$ 8 wife1 :ile %e 
0 hold+ 9 h] arms a babe n eight days   
old4 ,%all we say t t man 0 morally     
sick1 t he c\ld n help becom+           
intoxicat$1 & !re=e 0 n responsible = ! 
havoc he wr\ght :5 ! demon ( dr9k _h    
ga9$ possession ( him8 ,%all we say ( ! 
syndicate ( trad]s :o hunt ! natives on 
! ,congo l rabbits1 massacre & mutilate 
!m1 t !y are sick8 ,a bad de$ done )    
int5tion argues badness 9 ! do]4 ,we    
impute to ! man ! act & its consequ5ces4
 ,we _c sep>ate ! s9 f ! s9n]1 & m]ely  

condemn s9 9 ! ab/ract4 ,!re is no su*  
?+ z s9 9 ! ab/ract4 ,s9 is s9 only :5 x
 is incorporat$ 9 ! w ( a human         
individual4 ,we condemn ! s9n] because  
he has w$d$ himself to ! s94 ,if ?is 7 n
 ! case1 we might z well close our c\rts
 ( ju/ice4 ,we hold m5 acc\ntable1 !n1 =
 _! misde$s1 :atev] speculative         
philosophy may urge to ! contr>y4 ,h[   
c\ld we rev]e virtue if we did n        
/igmatize its opposite2 h[ c\ld we      
believe 9 human wor? if we did n condemn
 unwor? :]e x appe>s8  ,b ! ord9>y      
judgm5t /ops %ort "r "h4 ,x recognizes !
 p>ticul> badness ( a p>ticul> act1 &   
desires t ! ag5t be made to suff] = x4  
,x says1 ?is act is ! expression ( an   
evil disposition1 & x id5tifies ! :ole  
man ) ! p>ticul> act ( :i* he 0 guilty4 
,! spiritual attitude is *>act]iz$ by   
discrim9at+ betwe5 ! p>ticul> act & !   
:ole ( ! man's nature4 ,x recognizes t  
!re is an evil /r&2 b x also sees or    
div9es ! good t exi/s along ) ! evil1   
ev5 9 ! mo/ seem+ly hopeless cases4 ,x  

tru/s to ! good1 & builds ^u x ) a view 
to mak+ x p>am\nt ov] evil4 ,^u ! basis 
( ?is spiritual attitude1 :at %\ld be   
our mode ( deal+ ) ! bad8 ,!re are a    
numb] ( /eps to be tak5 9 ord]1 & mu*   
dep5ds on our foll[+ ! "r ord]4  ,! fir/
 /ep is to arre/ ! c\rse ( evil1 to     
prev5t its *annel f be+ deep5$1 its area
 f be+ enl>g$4 ,pluck ! :ip f ! h& ( !  
ruffian :o is la%+ 8 bea/2 /ay ! arm t  
is uplift$ to /rike ! c[>dly murd]\s    
bl[4 ,mu* has be5 said ( ! ne$ (        
consid]+ ! good ( society1 ( protect+ ! 
community at l>ge f ! depr$ations  ( !  
viol5t & fraudul5t2 & ( subject+ ! latt]
 to exempl>y puni%m5t1 9 ord] to det]   
o!rs f foll[+ _! example4 ,b ! welf>e ( 
society & ! welf>e ( ! crim9al are      
always id5tical4 ,no?+ %\ld be done to !
 wor/ crim9al1 n a hair ( 8 head %\ld be
 t\*$ m]ely = ! sake ( secur+ ! public  
good1 if ! ?+ done be n also = 8 private
 good4 ,& on ! o!r h&1 no?+ c be done to
 ! crim9al :i* is = 8 own la/+ good t w 
n also pr(\ndly react = ! good (        

society1 assur+ its security1 & det]r+  
o!rs f a l c>e] ( crime4 ,! v fir/ claim
 :i* ! crim9al has ^u ! s]vices ( 8     
fell[-m5 is t !y /op him 9 8 headlong   
c\rse ( wick$ness4 ,arre/1 :e!r by !    
ag5ts ( ! law or 9 "s o!r way1 is ! fir/
 /ep4 ,! mo/ spiritual conc]n = a       
degrad$ & demoraliz$ fell[-be+ does n   
exclude ! %>p int]v5tion impli$ 9 arre/1
 = ! spiritual attitude is n mawki% or  
incompatible ) ! infliction ( pa94      
,?is1 ,i ?9k1 w be readily grant$4 ,b ! 
second /ep1 a /ep f> m important ?an !  
arre/ ( ! evildo] 9 ord] to arre/ !     
evildo+1 is m likely to be conte/$ &    
misund]/ood4 ,! second /ep consi/s 9    
fix+ ! m>k ( %ame ^u ! (f5d] & publicly 
humiliat+ him by means ( ! solemn s5t5ce
 ( ! judge4 ,x may be ask$1 ,:at human  
be+ is fit to ex]cise ?is awful (fice ( 
act+ z judge ( ano!r8 ,rememb] ! words (
 ,%akespe>e 9 ,k+ ,le>3 4 4 4 4,see h[  
yond ju/ice rails ^u yond simple ?ief4  
,h>k 9 ?9e e>3 *ange places2 & 4 4 4 4  
:i* is ! ju/ice1 :i* ! ?ief8 ,or recall 

:at ! ,puritan prea*] said :5 he saw f 8
 w9d[ a culprit be+ l$ to ! gall[s3     
,!re1 b = ! grace ( ,god1 g ,i4 ,9 o!r  
words1 _h ,i be5 born z ?is man 01 _h ,i
 be5 play$ ^u by ! influ5ces to :i* he 0
 subject1 _h ,i be5 tempt$ z he 01 h[   
d>e ,i say t ,i %\ld n h fall5 z he did8
 ,_h x n be5 = "s grace ext5d$ to me    
?r\gh no des]t ( m9e1 ,i might be       
travel+ ! road on :i* he travels n[4    
,fur!rmore1 c we say t ! s5t5ce ( !     
judge is proportion$ to ! he9\sness ( ! 
de$8 ,is ! murd]] :o 9 a fit (          
uncontroll$ passion has tak5 a human    
life--x may h be5 8 fir/ & only         
crime--necess>ily m deprav$ ?an ! ?ief2 
or is ! ?ief 9 jail :o has inde$ brok5 !
 law1 necess>ily m deprav$ ?an numb]s ( 
o!rs :o h dext]\sly circumv5t$ ! law1   
violat+ ! _s ?\gh keep+ )9 ! lett] ( x8 
,is ev5 ! abject creature :o /rikes 8   
wife m ab&on$ ?an a man ( ! type (      
,gr&c\rt 9 ,daniel ,d]onda1 ^: insults  
are dealt ) a m>ble polit5ess1 & :o     
cru%es 8 wife's s5sibilities1 n ) a     

vulg> bl[ b ) ! cold & calculat+ cruelty
 ( a cynic8 ,:5 x comes to pass+ moral  
judgm5ts & fix+ blame1 & especially to  
measur+ ! degree ( ano!r's guilt1 :o ( u
 is good en\gh1 :o ( u is pure en\gh1 :o
 ( u is himself free en\gh f wrong to   
ex]cise s t]rible an (fice8 ,is n ,le>  
"r1 aft] all3 4 4 4 4*ange places2 &4 4 
4 4:i* is ! ju/ice1 :i* is ! ?ief8  ,x  
may be said 9 reply to ^! objections3   
,fir/1 t ! judge does n speak 9 8       
private capacity1 b t he deliv]s !      
judgm5t ( mank9d on ! do] & ! de$1 s]v+ 
z ! m\?piece ( ! moral law1 s f> z x is 
incorporat$ 9 ! human law4 ,we %\ld     
select ! highe/ *>act]s available = s   
exalt$ a duty1 b fre$om f ev5 great     
human infirmity we _c expect to f9d4    
,aga91 x is n ! judge's bus9ess to fix !
 degree ( moral guilt2 t n ev5 ! be/ &  
wise/ ( m5 c d4 ,! inscrutable fact ( ! 
degree ( moral guilt eludes all human   
insight4 ,only omnisci5ce c\ld decide :o
 is m guilty relatively to              
opportunities1 advantages1 circum/ances2

 :o has made ! brav] ef=t to escape     
wrongdo+2 :e!r ! admir$ prea*]1 or !    
culprit on 8 way to ! gall[s2 :e!r !    
,presid5t 9 ! ,:ite ,h\se or ! wret*    
beh9d ! b>s4 ,! (fice ( ! judge is to   
pron\nce t crime has be5 committ$1      
irrespective ( ! subtle "q ( ! degree ( 
guilt4 ,murd] has be5 done1 prop]ty has 
be5 /ol51 ! s9 & ! s9n] w$d$ toge!r4 ,! 
(fice ( ! judge is to decl>e ! fact ( t 
infelicit\s union1 & to pron\nce !      
p5alty accord+ to ! law4 ,& ?is1 9      
p>ticul>4 ,! object ( ! puni%m5t :i* !  
law pron\nces is n v9dictive *a/isem5t (
 ! culprit4 ,! object ( puni%m5t is     
purely re=matory4 ,only x mu/ n be      
=gott5 t !re c be no re=mation )\t      
p5it5ce1 & no p5it5ce )\t self-abasem5t4
 ,& ?is consi/s 9 confess+ "o's self    
guilty1 admitt+ t ! guilt has become a  
"p ( "o's be+1 & humbl+ "o's pride to ! 
gr\nd4 ,! public s5t5ce pron\nc$ by !   
judge1 ! %ame :i* he fixes ^u ! culprit1
 has1 !n1 = its object to pave ! way    
t[>d re=mation1 to break d[n ! def5ses  

:i* ! sophi/ry ( wick$ness sets up1 to  
compel ! man to see himself z o!rs see  
him1 to =ce him to realize to ! full !  
evil ( 8 pres5t /ate4 ,n to bla/ him    
utt]ly1 n to exclude him =ev] f ! k9dly 
society ( m51 b to lead him into ! way  
along :i*--if he travel x--he may       
ev5tually return1 ?\gh p]haps only aft] 
_m ye>s1 to human fell[%ip4 ,if ! v]dict
 is pron\nc$ 9 any o!r _s1 x is false & 
inhuman4 ,! me?ods to be employ$ to br+ 
ab\t re=mation mu/ (t5 be sev]e &       
pa9ful1 & "o ( ^! me?ods is %ock1 %ock  
%>p & sudd5 en\gh to loos5 !            
incru/ations ( evil habit1 & to %ake a  
wick$ nature d[n to its f\ndations4 ,!  
purpose ( ! trial ( a crim9al 9 a c\rt (
 ju/ice1 & ( ! v]dict 9 :i* ! trial     
culm9ates1 is to supply su* a %ock1 a   
se>*+ & t]rible exp]i5ce1 yet salut>y & 
indisp5sable 9 ord] t bett] ?+s may     
ensue4  ,f :at has be5 said1 x foll[s t 
! dea? p5alty z a puni%m5t ev5 = ! wor/ 
crimes is morally unt5able2 = ei!r !    
culprit is really irr$eemable1 t is to  

say1 he is an irresponsible moral idiot1
 9 :i* case an asylum = ! insane is !   
prop] place = him2 or he is n           
irr$eemable1 9 :i* case ! *ance (       
re=mation %\ld n be tak5 f him by cutt+ 
(f 8 life4 ,! dea? p5alty is ! la/ l+]+ 
ve/ige ( ! ,lex ,talionis1 ( ! law :i*  
attempts to equalize ! p5alty ) ! crime1
 a conception ( ju/ice :i* 9 all o!r    
respects we h happily outgr[n4 ,x does n
 necess>ily foll[ t ! imm$iate abolition
 ( capital puni%m5t is exp$i5t4 ,x is n 
exp$i5t 9 fact1 because ( ! condition ( 
our prisons1 & because ( ! abuses to :i*
 ! p>don+ p[] ( ! ,/ate is subject$2    
because security is lack+ t ! wor/      
(f5d]s1 be=e ev] !y c be reclaim$1 may n
 be return$ unrep5tant into ! bosom (   
society1 to prey ^u x anew ) impunity4  
,b1 !n1 we mu/ n def5d ! dea? p5alty z  
su*1 b r deplore & d our utmo/ to *ange 
our political conditions1 :i* make x    
/ill unwise to aboli% a =m ( puni%m5t s 
b>b>\s & s repugnant to ! moral s5se4   
,! /ep :i* foll[s ! arre/ & condemnation

 ( ! evildo] is isolation1 ) a view to !
 =mation ( new habits4 ,a *ange ( he>t  
is ! necess>y pre-requisite ( any       
p]man5t *ange 9 conduct2 b ! *ange (    
he>t1 & ! resolution to turn ov] a new  
leaf to :i* x gives bir?1 mu/ be        
gradually & sl[ly work$ out into a      
correspond+ practice4 ,! old body ( s9  
_c be /ripp$ (f 9 a mom5t2 ! old        
encumbrance ( bad habits _c be sl\gh$ (f
 l a s]p5t's coil4 ,! new _s mu/        
incorporate itself sl[ly 9 new habits2 &
 to ?is end ! del9qu5t mu/ be aid$ 9 8  
ef=ts by a m or less prolong$ abs5ce f !
 sc5e ( 8 =m] temptations4 ,he mu/ be   
plac$ 9 an entirely new & suitable      
environm5t1 & enc\rag+ pressure mu/ be  
ex]t$ ^u him to acquire new habits (    
ord]1 dilig5t application to "w1        
ob$i5ce1 self-control4 ,x is ^u ?is idea
 t ! moral propriety ( imprisonm5t & (  
prison discipl9e is bas$1 :e!r ! actual 
treatm5t ( prison]s be 9 accord ) x or  
n4  ,& s we may pass on at once to ! la/
 & *ief elem5t 9 ! process ( !          

reclamation ( ! evildo]1 namely1        
=giv5ess4 ,an angel's tongue1 ! wisdom &
 insight ( ! l(tie/ ( ! sages1 w\ld be  
requir$ to describe all ! weal? ( mean+ 
conta9$ 9 ! sublime spiritual process   
:i* we designate by ! ^w p>don4 ,x is a 
process :i* affects equally bo? p>ties  
to ! act1 ! "o :o =gives & ! "o :o is   
=giv54 ,x exalts bo?1 transfigures bo?1 
inde$ e/abli%es a new tie ( wond]ful    
t5d]ness & sublimity betwe5 !m4 ,! p]son
 :o =gives is a b5efactor4  ,is x a     
little ?+1 :5 a man is sunk 9 ! sl\gh ( 
pov]ty1 d5ud$ ( all ! dec5cies ( life1  
h>ass$ day & night by gr9d+ c>es1 kn[s n
 :i!r to turn to f9d %elt] & food1 = "s 
fell[ human be+1 mov$ by pure human     
k9dness1 or let u r say mov$ by respect 
= ! wor? :i* he sees 9 8 p]i%+          
fell[-man1 to come to ! aid ( ! latt]1  
to lift him out ( 8 di/ress1 to place   
him on sun-lit levels1 to put him on 8  
feet & give him a new *ance1 to op5 =   
him a new c>e] 9 :i* ef=t may meet ) its
 rew>d8 ,su* an act ( human helpfulness 

is n a little ?+2 ! man :o does x is    
rightly e/eem$ a great b5efactor4 ,or is
 x a little ?+ to save ! imp]il$ sick1  
to br+ back f ! br9k ( ! grave a preci\s
 life1 already despair$ (8 ,?is1 too1   
surely is n a little ?+1 & ! good       
physician :o accompli%es su* a miracle  
is rightly e/eem$ a b5efactor to :om    
lifelong gratitude is due4  ,b !re is a 
yet great] ?+1 a b5efit1 by ! side ( :i*
 ev5 ^!--great z !y are--appe> almo/    
insignificant4 ,to take a man :o is s9k+
 9 ! moral sl\gh & has no c\rage left to
 rise out ( x2 to give him back 8 lo/   
self-e/eem1 t jewel )\t :i* heal? &     
weal? are ( little avail2 to put him 9 a
 position once m to look 8 fell[-m5     
/raight 9 ! eye2 to place him morally on
 ! sun-lit levels2 to put him morally on
 8 feet--?is assur$ly is ! supreme      
b5efit1 & ! man :o accompli%es ?is =    
ano!r is ! supreme b5efactor4 ,& a note 
( exquisite moral beauty is add$ if !   
b5efactor be ! same p]son :om ! guilty  
man _h injur$4 ,?is is :at is meant by  

=giv5ess4 ,?is is :y =giv5ess is s div9e
 a ?+4 ,?is is ! reason :y1 :5 an act ( 
g5u9e =giv5ess occurs1 ! music ( !      
sph]es seems to become audible 9 our    
ne!r _w4 ,& ?is is also ! reason :y we  
(t5 see su* a /range k9d ( tie spr++ up 
betwe5 a p]son :o has be5 *a/is$ & ! "o 
:o has *a/is$ him 9 ! "r _s & !n =giv5  
him--a tie into :i* !re ent]s %ame = !  
wrong done1 gratitude = ! unm]it$ good  
receiv$1 & a rev]5ce ak9 to idolatry    
t[>d ! "o ^u ^: fai? 9 him ! s9n]       
rebuilt 8 fai? 9 himself4  ,!re %\ld be 
"s organ ( ! ,/ate to ex]cise ?is (fice 
( =giv5ess t[>d crim9als1 ?is p>don+ p[]
 9 ! f9] s5se ( ! t]m4 ,! prison w>d51  
if he be a man ( ! "r /amp1 sometimes   
ex]cises x4 ,! ,society = ! ,befri5d+ ( 
,releas$ ,prison]s has "h an appropriate
 function op5 to x2 also ! employ] :o   
aft] due inquiry has ! c\rage to dismiss
 suspicion & to give "w to ! releas$    
prison]4  ,! me?ods & pr9ciples :i* ,i h
 describ$ 9 ! case ( ! crim9al are us$ =
 illu/ration1 n t ,i am int]e/$ today 9 

discuss+ ! special problem ( ! crim9al1 
b because pr9ciples c be/ be exemplifi$ 
9 extreme cases4 ,! same me?ods1 ! same 
maxims %\ld control puni%m5t 9 g5]al2   
our deal+s1 = in/ance1 ) ! misde$s ( :i*
 our own *ildr5 are guilty4 ,"h1 too1   
!re %\ld be by no means unv>y+ g5tl5ess 
& plead+1 b :5 ne$ arises ! %>p *eck1 t 
evil may be in/antane\sly /opp$4 ,"h1   
too1 !re %\ld be ! tempor>y disgrace1 ! 
cle> pres5tation ( ! magnitude ( !      
fault1 if x h magnitude1 ! humiliation t
 calls =? p5it5ce & good resolutions4   
,"h1 too1 !re %\ld be s$ul\s c>e1 to "w 
out ! bett] habits4 ,& all ^! /eps %\ld 
be tak5 ) a view to ultimate            
reconciliation1 =giv5ess1 & ! holi] bond
 betwe5 p>5t & *ild4  ,b n[ c we take "o
 /ep fur!r8 ,c we dispose our m9ds & our
 he>ts 9 ! same fa%ion t[>d oppressors8 
,i h 9 m9d1 = in/ance1 ! h>d proprietors
 ( h\ses :o pitilessly wr+ ! la/ p5ny f 
_! t5ants2 ! cruel taskma/]s :o drive ! 
work]s1 sometimes only *ildr5 n yet     
full-gr[n1 twelve & fifte5 h\rs a day2 !

 unscrupul\s exploit]s on a l>ge scale1 
:o raise ! price ( ! p's food1 & 9 _!   
eag]ness = fabul\s ga9 conspire by e    
corrupt means to cru% _! less crafty or 
less %ameless competitors4 ,z we hate   
wrong1 mu/ we n hate !m8 ,%all we assail
 gre$ & exploitation m]ely 9 ! ab/ract8 
,:at effect w t h8 ,:i* "o ( !          
oppressors w n hypocritically ass5t to  
su* ab/ract d5unciation8 ,if we seek to 
produce a *ange1 mu/ we n proce$ to m   
specific allegations & po9t ! f+] (     
scorn at ! (f5d]s1 say+ z ! ,prophet    
,na?an said to ,k+ ,david3 ,?\ art !    
man8 ,is x n necess>y to ar\se ! popul> 
ang] aga9/ ! oppressors & to enc\rage   
hatr$ aga9/ ! hateful8  ,cle>ly ! case  
is n ! same z t ( ! crim9al 9 ! dock4   
,he /&s !re di%onor$2 ! evil he has done
 has be5 br\ght home to him2 he is cov]$
 ) ! g>m5t ( %ame4 ,b ^? o!rs are       
inve/$--despite ! evil !y h done & are  
/ill do+--) e outw>d symbol ( success2  
!y triumph defiantly ov] ! bett] moral  
s5se ( ! community2 !y inhabit1 z x 71  

impregnable citadels2 !y h h>ve/$ unholy
 ga9s :i* no "o seems /rong en\gh to    
take f !m2 & ! influ5ce !y wield 9      
consequ5ce ( _! p[] to b5efit or h>m is 
imm5se4 ,is x a wond]1 !n1 t su*        
oppressors are br&$ z mon/]s1 & t !     
ho>se note ( "s ( ! ,hebrew psalms is   
sometimes to be he>d re-e*o+ 9 ! cry ( !
 social radicals ( our "t--,let v5geance
 be visit$ ^u ! wick$2 let ! oppressors 
be de/roy$ f ! face ( ! e>?6  ,b !      
logical & inevitable conclusion ( !     
?\ght ,i h develop$ to-day is1 t we are 
b\nd to recognize ! indefeasible wor?   
lat5t ev5 9 ! cruel exploit] & !        
m]ciless expropriator4 ,i h already     
suffici5tly indicat$ t ! spiritual view 
is consi/5t ) sev]e & /r+5t treatm5t4   
,*ecks !re %\ld be by ! heavy h& (      
legislation laid ^u ! arrogant evildo]s4
 ,!y %\ld be /opp$ if possible 9        
mid-c>e]4 ,! oppress$1 also1 %\ld oppose
 ^? :o oppress !m4 ,no "o is wor? 8 salt
 :o is n will+ to def5d 8 rights aga9/  
^? :o w\ld trample on !m4 ,s f> f rul+  

out conflict1 ,i reg>d conflict z a     
weapon ( progress--an e?ical weapon1 if 
x be wag$ ) ! "r int5tions4 ,fur!rmore1 
:5 speak+ ( oppression1 ,i h 9 m9d n    
m]ely ! cupidity ( ! few z x op]ates    
m]cilessly ^u ! _m1 b also ! b&$        
arrogance ( ! _m z x sometimes displays 
itself 9 contempt = ! rights ( ! few4 ,f
 :i*ev] side oppression proce$s1 !re    
%\ld be resi/ance to x2 ! *eck impos$ by
 resi/ance is "o ( ! means ( educat+ to 
new habits ^? :o f9d !mselves *eck$4    
,individuals1 & social classes1 too1 z  
hi/ory proves1 le>n to respect ! rights 
:i* !y f9d 9 practice !y _c trav]se4    
,fir/ come ! limits set to ! aggression1
 & !n ! op5+ ( ! eyes to p]ceive !      
ju/ice ( ! limitation4 ,b conflict is an
 e?ical weapon only if x is wield$ l !  
knife 9 ! surgeon's h&s4 ,! knife w\nds 
& hurts2 ! me?od is app>5tly cruel2 b ! 
purpose is b5evol5t4 ,s %\ld ! battle ( 
social re=m be animat$ by conc]n n only 
= ! oppress$1 b also = ! oppressor4 ,&  
su* a motive does n exce$ ! capacity (  

human nature1 b1 on ! contr>y1 is ! only
 motive :i* w p]man5tly satisfy human   
nature4 ,c]ta9 ( ! ,sociali/s h made x  
_! delib]ate policy = ye>s to /ir up    
hatr$ betwe5 ! poor & ! ri*1 on ! gr\nd 
t hatr$ alone c ov]come ! le?>gy ( !    
masses & ar\se 9 !m ! int5sity ( feel+  
necess>y = conflict4 ,on ! contr>y1     
hatr$ eng5d]s hatr$ on ! opposite side1 
action provokes reaction4 ,z !          
individual c be uplift$ 9 8 life only by
 accept+ ! spiritual motive1 by try+ to 
act always s z to recognize 9 o!rs & to 
make manife/ ! indefeasible wor? ( !    
human s\l1 s ! social classes c be      
uplift$ only by act+ on ! same spiritual
 motive4 ,despite ! ef=ts ( a hundr$    
ye>s1 ! real progress t has be5 a*iev$ 9
 ameliorat+ ! relations betwe5 ! social 
classes at ! pres5t day is slight1 &    
sometimes "o is impell$ to d\bt :e!r !re
 has be5 any progress at all4 ,! egotism
 ( "o side is met by ! egotism ( ! o!r  
side4 ,b appeals to mass egotism w no m 
elevate mank9d1 ?an appeals to          

individual egotism4 ,appeals to sympa?y 
also w n p]man5tly help4 ,only ! highe/ 
motive ( all c furni% ! p[] ne$$ to     
accompli% ! miracle ( social            
trans=mation2 only t conflict :i* is    
wag$ = ! purpose n ( /rik+ d[n !        
oppressor & rescu+ 8 victim1 b = !      
rescue ( bo? ! victim & ! oppressor1 w  
atta9 its end4  ,! oppressor may be     
reg>d$ z a man :o has cons5t$ s to      
degrade himself z to become = ! "t be+ a
 he>tless automaton1 ru?lessly work+ =  
ga91 a be+ l "o ( ^? t]rible ogres ( !  
popul> my?ology :o fe$ on human fle%4 ,b
 he is n a m]e automaton or ogre4 ,!re  
is a bett] side to 8 nature1 z we (t5   
discov]1 to our amazem5t1 :5 we le>n    
ab\t ! facts ( 8 private life4 ,^!      
private virtues d n inde$ condone 8     
social s9s--f> f x--b !y indicate t !re 
exi/s a bett] side4 ,if t side c\ld be  
made victori\s1 if conditions c\ld be   
%ap$ s z to />ve out ! worse nature &   
br+ to ! =e ! bett] nature 9 ! oppressor
 z well z 9 ! oppress$1 ! problem w\ld  

be advanc$ t[>d a solution4  ,!re is a  
/ory told ( two bro!rs1 sons ( ! same   
fa!r1 :o grew up 9 ! same home & 7      
deeply atta*$ to ea* o!r4 ,x happ5$ t ! 
old] w&]$ away & fell into ! p[] ( an   
evil magician1 :o *ang$ him into a rav5+
 wolf4 ,! y\ng] m\rn$ 8 loss1 & treasur$
 9 8 he>t ! image ( ! bro!r z he _h be5 
9 ! days be=e ! wick$ spell fell ^u him4
 ,impell$ by 8 long+1 he at la/ w5t out 
into ! _w to f9d 8 bro!r1 & if possible 
to r$eem him4 ,"o day z he pass$ ?r\gh a
 lonely =e/1 a hungry wolf set ^u him4  
,! horrid1 brutal face 0 ne> to 81 ! hot
 brea? brea!d ^u him1 & ! fi]ce eyes    
flam$ into 8 own4 ,b by ! might ( 8     
love1 ! y\ng] bro!r 0 able to detect    
b5ea? ! wolfi% disguise ! fa9t outl9es (
 ! bro!r :om he _h long ago lo/1 & by ! 
/r5g? ( 8 gaze1 :i* saw only ! bro!r &  
refus$ to see ! wolf1 he 0 able to give 
%ape & sub/ance to t fa9t outl9e4 ,!    
out] frame ( bruti%ness gradually melt$ 
away1 & ! human bro!r 0 re/or$ to 8     
s5ses & to 8 home4 ,?is is a p>able ( ! 

spiritual attitude t[>d oppressors1 t[>d
 ^? :o oppress ! p 9 public1 z well z   
t[>d ^? :o oppress u 9 our private      
lives4 ,we mu/ lib]ate !m f ! brutal    
frame 9 :i* !y are inclos$2 we mu/ give 
!m back _! human %ape6   ,,iv4 ,,! ,,two
 ,,s\ls ,,9 ,,! ,,human ,,brea/4        
,sunday1 ,dec4 #aa1 #aijd4  ,pa9ful &   
revolt+ associations are call$ up by !  
phrase--lead+ ! d\ble life4 ,to !       
av]sion provok$ by ! evil itself1 is    
add$ 9 su* cases ! disgu/ excit$ by !   
hypocrisy ) :i* x is cloak$4 ,he :o     
leads a d\ble life (f5ds n only by !    
wrong he does1 b by borr[+ ! plumes (   
virtue4 ,he lives a p]petual lie2 he is 
a :it$ sepul*re1 clean on ! outside1    
full ( fil? & corruption )94 ,! ,bee*]  
trial at ! "t s pr(\ndly agitat$ ! :ole 
c\ntry1 because ! accusations br\ght    
=w>d associat$ ! "n ( "o ( ! mo/ prom95t
 *>act]s ( ! nation1 a man ( brilliant  
tal5t & m]itori\s s]vice1 ) secret      
impurity4 ,! m m]itori\s su* a man's    
s]vices1 ! m damn+ ! *>ges if !y be     

e/abli%$4 ,nor d we admit 9 su* cases ! 
sophi/ical argum5t1 t ! int]e/s ( public
 morality require ! facts to be hu%$ up 
9 ord] to avoid a sc&al4 ,no?+ is s     
imp]ative :]e guilt really exi/s z t x  
be confess$ & expiat$4 ,! public        
consci5ce requires ! tru?4 ,let ! s9n]  
make a clean brea/ ( x2 let ! atmosph]e 
be cle>$ by an act ( public humiliation4
 ,no injury to ! cause ( public morality
 is s great z ! lurk+ suspicion t m5 :o 
/& =? z expon5ts ( morality are !mselves
 corrupt4 ,lurk+ suspicion1 di/ru/ ( all
 ! moral values1 is worse ?an           
recognition ( human weakness1 h[ev]     
deplorable4  ,!re are o!r examples ( !  
d\ble life1 ) :i* all :o h k ( ! _w's   
ways are famili>4 ,t ( ! m]*ant1 =      
in/ance1 :o1 ?\gh he has long be5       
virtually a bankrupt1 conceals 8        
position beh9d a scre5 ( opul5ce1       
emulat+ ! sumptu\s exp5diture ( ! ri*1  
liv+ a life ( glitt]+ %[2 tortur$       
inw>dly by ! fe> ( exposure1 yet n      
c\rage\s en\gh to be hone/2 s9k+ deep]  

himself &1 :at is worse1 dragg+ o!rs d[n
 ) him4 ,a "y man at college sometimes  
leads a d\ble life1 8 lett]s home be+   
fill$ ) acc\nts ( 8 legitimate          
employm5ts1 :ile at ! same "t he is     
lead+ ! life ( ! prodigal1 ! sp5d?rift1 
! dissipat$ sot4  ,! dual life has be5  
depict$ 9 p[]ful colors by poets &      
writ]s ( fiction2 z1 = in/ance1 by      
,haw?orne 9 8 ,sc>let ,lett]1 by ,rob]t 
,l\is ,/ev5son 9 8 ,doctor ,jekyll &    
,mr4 ,hyde4 ,i suppose if !re be su* a  
?+ z hell on e>?1 ! d\ble life is ano!r 
"n = x4 ,yet ,i "k ( no writ] ( fiction 
^: plummet has s\nd$ ! dep?s ( ?is hell4
 ,9 ,/ev5son's /ory "o gets ! impression
 ( a too me*anical sep>ation betwe5 !   
two sides4 ,! man is at "o mom5t !      
b5evol5t doctor1 & at ano!r ! malignant 
fi5d4 ,! device ( ! drug is introduc$ to
 expla9 ! transition2 b ! trans=mation  
is too sudd51 too abrupt4 ,jekyll &     
,hyde dwell side by side 9 ! same body1 
& ! relations betwe5 !m h n be5 wr\ght  
out ) suffici5t subtlety4 ,x is r a     

broad moral p>able ?an a subtle /udy (  
man's dual nature4  ,! initial po9t ,i  
desire to make is1 t 9 c]ta9 cases !    
inn] torture & angui% ( ! dual life c   
only be end$ by publi%+ ! secret1 s long
 & jeal\sly hidd54 ,j z ! crim9al mu/ /&
 judgm5t 9 a c\rt ( law1 s mu/ !        
d\ble-m9d$ man /& judgm5t 9 ! c\rt (    
public op9ion4 ,x is n possible to      
det]m9e by a h>d & fa/ l9e1 :5 su*      
exposure is obligatory2 b 9 g5]al x may 
be said t x is requir$ 9 ^? cases :]e   
publicity is necess>y to set ?+s "r & to
 repair ! wrong t has be5 done to o!rs4 
,!re are1 h[ev]1 cases 9 :i* o!rs are n 
affect$1 or only indirectly s2 9 :i* !  
evil relates to ! p]sonal life & its    
consequ5ces are private to ! man        
himself4 ,! situation is su* z is       
describ$ by ,goe!1 :5 he speaks ( ! two 
s\ls dwell+ )9 ! human brea/2 ! s\l     
itself 9 its own sph]e be+ divid$ aga9/ 
itself4 ,! man is consci\s ( rectitude 9
 "o "p ( 8 conduct1 ( magnanim\s        
impulses1 ( high & noble aspirations4   

,he feels himself alli$ on "o side to   
:at is be/ & pure/1 & at ! same "t is   
aw>e ( ano!r side :i* 9 8 san] mom5ts   
fills him ) loa?+1 & poisons = him      
life's cup ( satisfaction4 ,x is ( ?is  
class ( cases t ,i propose to speak4 ,& 
"h ! t]rible fact />es u 9 ! face1 t if 
! dual life be int]pret$ 9 ?is s5se1 !re
 is h>dly a man :o is n lead+ x4 ,ev5 ! 
be/ ( m5 h be5 aw>e ( an abhorr5t side (
 _! nature4 ,:at else c ,/4 ,paul mean  
:5 he speaks ( ! cont9ual w>f>e betwe5 !
 two laws--! law ( ! fle% t is 9 8      
memb]s1 & ! law ( ,god t is 9 8 _s8 ,:at
 else d ! confessions ( ,/4 ,augu/9e    
reveal b ! cont9ual oscillations ( a    
f9ely pois$ nature betwe5 ! two         
extremes8 ,:at else c we ga!r f c]ta9   
passages 9 ,t5nyson's writ+s1 b h9ts ( a
 mis]able & griev\s /ruggle ( ! same    
sort8 ,& :at an intol]able burd5 to any 
p]son ( integrity1 to any "o :o w\ld at 
lea/ be hone/1 to ?9k t he passes =     
bett] ?an he is1 to ?9k t if m5 only    
c\ld see 8 he>t z he sees x1 !y w\ld    

pass him by ) scorn in/ead ( admiration6
 ,yet z a rule1 9 su* cases             
self-revelation is n only n dem&$1 b n  
ev5 all[able4 ,! op5+ ( ! secret *amb]s 
( "o's life to ! public1 confessions l  
^? ( ,r\sseau1 are1 if any?+1 indec5t & 
nauseat+4 ,! case ( a man 9 su*         
situations is bad en\gh1 b ! rem$y = x  
is p]=ce committ$ to 8 own h&s4 ,let him
 put 8 h& to ! pl\gh & n turn back1 let 
him grapple ) ! evil 9 8 nature & subdue
 & trans=m x1 let him accompli% 8 inn]  
r$emption1 let him make himself :at he  
ought to be--:at o!rs p]haps ?9k he is4 
,:at aid c ! spiritual view ( life ext5d
 to him 9 ?is /up5d\s bus9ess8  ,!      
c>d9al ?\ght ,i h 9 m9d1 :i* ,i believe 
w provide an escape f su* intol]able    
moral dilemmas1 c be/ be set =? by      
contra/+ x ) its diametrical opposite4  
,?is opposite is conta9$ 9 ! ,buddhi/ic 
doctr9e ( ! ,k>ma4 ,! doctr9e ( ,k>ma   
implies t we are :at we are to-day1 good
 or bad1 or good & bad1 9 consequ5ce (  
good or bad de$s :i* we p]=m$ 9 previ\s 

/ates ( exi/5ce4 ,our pres5t life1      
accord+ to ?is view1 is b a l9k add$ to 
! *a9 ( ! innum]able lives :i* we h left
 beh9d u4 ,x is true1 we d n rememb] ^? 
pa/ exi/5ces2 b all ! same1 !y h left _!
 indelible m>k ^u u4 ,our =tunes1 too1 9
 ?is pres5t exi/5ce1 are det]m9$ by our 
m]itori\s or unm]itori\s behavior 9 !   
pa/4 ,if1 = example1 a man acts z y\r   
enemy to-day1 x is because 9 a previ\s  
/ate y wantonly injur$ him or "s "o l   
him4 ,be> y\r disappo9tm5ts1 !n1 & ! h>m
 y receive f o!rs )\t compla9t2 y are b 
suff]+ ! p5alty y des]ve4 ,n only our   
=tune b our "*1 z has be5 said1 is ?us  
pr$et]m9$2 we are :at we are1 9 virtue (
 :at we h be54 ,if a man is a mean mis]1
 x is because 9 a previ\s exi/5ce he 0  
already unduly covet\s ( weal?4 ',tis b 
! se$ he s[$ 9 ! pa/1 t blossoms out 9 !
 pres5t4 ,if a man commit murd]1 x is   
because he 0 already guilty ( un*eck$   
viol5ce 9 previ\s lives4 ,! beg9n+s :i* 
he made 9 ! pa/ culm9ate 9 ! awful      
pres5t4  ,?is is inde$ a plausible !ory1

 & x w\ld help u to read "s d>k riddles 
if x 7 true1 b !re is n ! slighte/      
reason = suppos+ t x is4 ,if ev] !re 0 a
 !ory 9 ! air1 ?is is "o4 ,we n only h  
no recollections ( any pa/ inc>nations1 
b we h no gr\nd = inf]r+ t !re 7 any4 ,i
 h m5tion$ ! !ory m]ely 9 ord] to       
exhibit its opposite4 ,& ! opposite is  
?is3 t a man is n responsible = !       
attractive or repulsive qualities ) :i* 
he is born2 t ^! are n to be acc\nt$ z  
81 9 ! s5se t he is acc\ntable = !m4 ,! 
son ( ! dipsomaniac1 = in/ance1 is n    
responsible = ! morbid crav+ t /irs 9   
him4 ,he beg9s life1 s f> z             
responsibility is conc]n$1 s f> z m]it  
or dem]it is conc]n$1 ) a fre% />t4 ,he 
is n responsible = ! crav+2 he is       
responsible only = ass5t+ to x4 ,true1 !
 pull 9 8 case is incomp>ably /rong] ?an
 9 o!rs2 /ill he c resi/4 ,he is        
responsible1 n = ! hide\s ?+ itself1 b =
 ! degree 9 :i* he yields to x4 ,he is  
m]itori\s to ! ext5t ( ! ef=t he puts =?
 n to yield to x4 ,! reason :y ?is po9t 

is (t5 obscur$ is t f ! fir/ awak5+ (   
consci\sness1 f ! "t :5 fir/ we h be5   
capable ( delib]ate *oice1 we h m or    
less (t5 ass5t$ to ^! evil propulsions &
 h ?us made !m our own4 ,x has !re=e    
become impossible to sep>ate cle>ly     
betwe5 t elem5t 9 our acts :i* is impos$
 ^u u f )\t1 & t delib]ate elem5t 9 !   
act :i* is our own4 ,nev]!less1 no      
fair-m9d$ p]son w dispute t !re are     
qualities or pr$ispositions1 =          
:i*--hide\s z !y may be--we are no m    
responsible ?an we are = be+ born ) an  
unprepossess+ face4 ,m5 are born ) c]ta9
 attractive qualities & c]ta9 atroci\s  
qualities1 b moral goodness & badness   
consi/s n 9 hav+ ^! pr$ispositions1 b r 
9 cons5t+ to !m & adopt+ !m into our w4 
,n[ ?is1 x seems to me1 ?r[s an entirely
 new light ^u ! duality ( our inn] life4
 ,! fact t we discov] t !re is bas5ess  
)9 u f :i* we recoil z we %\ld f a      
v5om\s snake1 ne$ n %ake our ?rone (    
reason or ov]?r[ our balance4 ,^! base  
?+s are n we2 our true self does n      

reside 9 !m1 until1 inde$1 we unite ) !m
 by ass5t+ to !m4 ,a man's natural      
prop5sities are motley1 b 8 s\l is :ite4
 ,"o he>s mu* n[adays ( ! :ite man's    
burd54 ,!re is su* a ?+ z ! :ite s\l's  
burd54 ,^! dipsomaniac crav+s ) :i* "s  
m5 are h&icapp$1 ^! explosive           
irascibilities ) :i* "s are accurs$1 ^! 
t5d5cies to impurity ) :i* o!rs are     
defil$--^! are ! :ite s\l's burd54 ,"s  
m5 are m heavily burd5$ ?an o!rs4 ,b x  
is n ! nature ( ! burd5 t makes m5 good 
or bad2 x is ! way !y be> x1 or r x is !
 ext5t to :i* !y trans=m ?is initial    
nature ( !irs into a bett] nature4 ,!re 
is a di/9ction betwe5 ! natural "* & !  
moral "*2 ! moral "* results f ! *anges 
produc$ 9 ! natural "*1 by ! p[] ( !    
moral w1 or by ! en]gy ( ! s\l /riv+ to 
impr9t its nobl] patt]n on ?is          
difficult1 (t intractable mat]ial4   ,b 
if we are n blamewor?y = ! repellant    
prop5sities1 nei!r are we praisewor?y on
 acc\nt ( ! attractive & graci\s        
qualities we may possess4 ,! /ate ( m9d 

( "o :o is consci\s ( a divid$ inn] life
 is torture4 ,no?+ b an h]oic treatm5t1 
no?+ b a radical cure w free him f t    
torture2 ! cure is to realize t our     
seem+ virtues are (t5 n virtues at all4 
,we mu/ sacrifice our fanci$ virtues1 if
 we w\ld escape f ! horrid s5se ( utt]  
depravity t arises f our vices4 ,a man  
puts to himself ! "q3 ,h[ is x possible 
t at "o mom5t ,i %\ld be sympa!tic &    
k9d1 %\ld /rive to compass ! happ9ess ( 
my fell[-be+s1 %\ld take a g5]\s int]e/ 
9 public causes1 & try to act ju/ly2 & t
 at ano!r mom5t ,i am s selfi% & base8  
,h[ c !re be ?is oscillation f "o pole  
to ! o!r ( human "*8 ,x is !            
contradiction t makes ! trag$y4 ,am ,i1 
too1 n truly "o b truly two2 am ,i1 too1
 a ,jekyll & a ,hyde1 bo? dwell+ "u !   
same sk98 ,! answ] is3 ,y are nei!r !   
,hyde nor ! ,jekyll unless y elect to   
be4 ,! true self is a pr9ciple 9 y      
sup]ior to bo? ^! natural *>act]s1 a k9d
 ( ov]s\l1 z ,em]son puts x4  ,sympa?y &
 k9dness l5d !mselves to ! build+ up ( a

 virtu\s "*1 !y are ! psy*ological bases
 ( virtue1 b !y mu/ n be conf\nd$ )     
virtue itself4 ,tak5 by !mselves1 !y    
repres5t m]ely a felicit\s mixture ( !  
elem5ts ( :i* we are comp\nd$1 no m     
praisewor?y ?an _! opposites are        
blamewor?y4 ,sympa?y & k9dness mu/ be   
gov]n$ & regulat$ by pr9ciple1 if !y are
 to be rat$ z moral qualities4 ,left    
uncultivat$1 !y (t5 produce positively  
immoral results4 ,likewise1 :at is call$
 ju/ice is (t5 no m ?an a h>d adh]5ce to
 rules1 a love ( ord] 9 our relations to
 o!rs1 :i* mu/ be temp]$ & s(t5$ by !   
quality ( m]cy1 be=e x c be acc\nt$ a   
moral virtue4 ,aga91 a will+ness to     
advance ! int]e/s ( a class or ( a p is 
(t5 no m ?an an enl>g$ egotism1 ) mo/ ( 
! defects ( ! n>r[] egotism1 & mu/ be   
regulat$ by a moral pr9ciple1 if x is to
 atta9 to ! dignity ( a moral attribute4
 ,x is only by ! con=mity ( our ?\ghts1 
our feel+s1 & our acts to pr9ciple1 t   
morality is a*iev$4 ,x is only by su*   
means t ! g5ial & attractive t5d5cies ( 

our nature are conv]t$ into g5u9e       
virtues1 & ! way ( escape f ! d\ble life
 is along ! l9e ( ! moral trans=mation (
 our seem+ virtues4 ,m5d y\r virtues1 & 
y\r vices w take c>e ( !mselves4  ,b if 
! illusion is dispell$ t ! goodness or  
badness ( an action z x appe>s to ! eye 
is ! measure ( ! virtu\sness or         
vici\sness ( ! ag5t2 if ! pr9ciple t    
gov]ns ! act & ! ef=t put =? to con=m to
 ! pr9ciple be recogniz$ z ! true /&>d  
by :i* we are to judge1 !n two          
consequ5ces w foll[ ) respect to !      
conduct ( life4 ,! fir/ is t ! seem+ly  
petty occasions ( life are to be treat$ 
z gr& occasions 9 s f> z a moral        
pr9ciple is involv$4 ,= in/ance1 a petty
 falsehood spok5 = ! purpose ( secur+   
bus9ess advantage or ( avoid+ bus9ess   
loss may seem to ! av]age man a trivial 
affair2 & x is s1 s f> z ! results are  
conc]n$4 ,& yet a morally high-br$ man  
c\ld no m condesc5d to su* a falsehood  
?an a man ( cleanly habits w\ld will+ly 
/eep himself 9 ! mire4 ,x is n !        

consequ5ces1 "o way or ! o!r1 t matt]4  
,x is ! et]nal issue betwe5 ! moral     
realities1 tru? & untru?1 t is at /ake4 
,& 9 ! light ( ?is issue1 9 ! light ( ! 
pr9ciple involv$1 petty z ! circum/ances
 may be1 ! occasion is n to be consid]$ 
trivial4 ,! et]nal =ces t h be5 at w>   
s9ce mank9d fir/ exi/$ are at w> on ?is 
occasion also2 he mu/ ca/ 9 8 lot on !  
side ( ! good4  ,ano!r in/ance ( action 
seem+ly trivial is t ( simulat+ a       
p]sonal int]e/ 9 o!rs1 ( pret5d+        
agreem5t 9 ! foibles ( o!rs or ( affect+
 a p]sonal homage :i* "o does n feel1 9 
ord] to use o!rs z in/rum5ts = !        
a*ievem5t ( "o's ends1 :e!r ^? ends be  
selfi% pecuni>y advantage or political  
pref]m5t1 or ev5 f9ancial aid & support 
= "s important philan?ropic ent]prise4  
,z if philan?ropy--:i* is bas$ on       
respect = ! wor? ( man--did n defeat its
 own ends1 ! mom5t x seeks to accompli% 
!m by me?ods :i* degrade bo? him :o     
gives & him :o receives4 ,! occasion is 
small1 b ! pr9ciple involv$ z to ! *oice

 ( means is great4 ,ano!r in/ance       
relates to ! degree to :i* we may tr5*  
^u ! p]sonality ( o!rs1 or seek to ent] 
into t "p ( _! life :i* !y keep secret f
 u4 ,we may suspect1 = in/ance1 t a     
fri5d is oppress$ by "s secret tr\ble1 &
 we may believe t we c\ld help him if   
only he w\ld cons5t to reveal himself2 b
 ! act ( self-revelation mu/ come f 8   
side1 & ! p]mission to help him mu/ fir/
 be grant$4 ,we may give him !          
opportunity to decl>e himself1 b we may 
n invade ! sanctu>y ( 8 sil5ce4 ,!      
pr9ciple involv$ is great2 x is t (     
respect = ! prec9cts )9 :i* e s\l has ! 
"r to live its own life4  ,& !re are o!r
 illu/rations 9 abundance t might be    
quot$4 ,= in/ance1 cu/om prescribes     
rules ( behavior 9 respect to _m ?+s :i*
 are really indiff]5t2 9 reg>d to ! cut 
( ! clo!s we we>1 9 reg>d to ! accept$  
=m ( salutation1 9 reg>d to ! language (
 polite spee*1 & mu* m ( ! same sort4   
,n[1 ! e?ically-m9d$ man is n a p$antic 
micrologi/ :o wa/es 8 "t on ! m9utiae ( 

conduct4 ,b :]e cu/om relates to ?+s n  
indiff]5t1 :]e a pr9ciple is involv$1   
!re is no detail ( conduct s m9ute z n  
to *all5ge ! mo/ vigor\s prote/1 ! utmo/
 ass]tion ( indep5d5ce4 ,! e?ically-m9d$
 man is "o :o endeavors to %ake (f !    
yoke ( cu/om1 :]ev] x int]f]es ) !      
affirmation ( ! great pr9ciples ( life2 
:o disda9s to foll[ ! multitude 9 do+ n 
only :at is palpably wrong1 b :at is    
morally unf9e4 ,he seeks to be a free   
man1 an indep5d5t be+1 & to ass]t )\t   
acrimony or invidi\s criticism ( o!rs1  
yet firmly & unfl9*+ly1 a /rong &       
self-pois$ manhood4 ,?is1 !n1 is "o     
consequ5ce t fl[s f our po9t ( view3    
namely1 t 9 ! moral sph]e ! small       
occasions are to be treat$ z if !y 7 gr&
 occasions4 ,z ! poet puts x1 ,rightly  
to be great is n to /ir )\t great       
argum5t1 b greatly to f9d qu>rel 9 a    
/raw :5 honor is at /ake1 or1 z we %\ld 
put x1 greatly to f9d qu>rel 9 ! /raws (
 life :5 pr9ciple is at /ake4  ,& !     
second consequ5ce is ! obv]se ( ?is3 ,to

 treat :at seem to be great occasions   
because ( _! outw>d results1 z if !y 7  
small4 ,is x a =tune t smiles ^u y1 t y 
c w9 by suppress+ a moral scruple1 by   
transgress+ ! et]nal law8 ,put x aside z
 a ?+ n wor? a second glance1 if ! price
 exact$ be ! loss ( self-respect1 if !  
b>ga9 to :i* y mu/ subscribe be !       
betrayal ( pr9ciple4 ,is x life itself t
 is at /ake2 ! de> life to :i* we cl+ s 
fondly8 ,yes1 life is preci\s 9 its     
nobl] uses2 b life itself %all n be     
e/eem$ z great 9 ! h\r 9 :i* we mu/     
*oose betwe5 x & fidelity to pr9ciple4  
,& t x is really possible to take ?is   
high attitude ! example ( ! _w's great  
m>tyrs %[s4                             
9999999999999999999999999999999999999999
999999999999999999999999  ,! lead+      
?\ghts ,i h endeavor$ to /ate 9 ^!      
addresses are ! foll[+3 ,spirituality is
 morality c>ri$ out to ! f9i%4 ,x dep5ds
 on always keep+ ! ultimate end (       
exi/5ce 9 view1 & on n re/+ 9 ! p>tial  
ends4 ,int]vals set aside =             

self-recollection & ! fac+ ( ! ?\ght (  
dea? are useful aids4 ,! ultimate end   
itself is to elicit wor? 9 o!rs1 &1 by s
 do+1 9 "o's self4 ,! indisp5sable      
condition ( ?is attitude is to ascribe  
wor? to e human be+ be=e ev5 we obs]ve  
x1 to ca/ z x 7 a mantle ( glory ov]    
him1 to take t[>d e fell[ human be+ !   
expectant attitude1 to seek ! wor? 9 him
 until we f9d x4 ,ev5 t[>d oppressors we
 %\ld take ! same attitude4 ,fur!rmore1 
our true self resides nei!r 9 our poor] 
nor 9 our bett] natural end[m5ts1 b 9 ! 
w t suppresses ! "o & alone gives moral 
significance to ! o!r4 ,f9ally1 we mu/  
te/ify to our respect = pr9ciple by     
treat+ ! small occasions ( life z great 
if !y involve a moral issue1 & ! great  
prizes ( life z small if !y are (f]$ at 
! price ( moral integrity4 ,^! are      
?\ghts :i* ,i h f\nd helpful 9 my own   
exp]i5ce2 ,i submit !m to y1 9 ! hope t 
!y may be ( use to y also4