,m4 ,,fabi ,,qu9tiliani ,,in/itutionis ,,oratoriae ,,lib] ,,decimus ,a ,,revis$ ,,text ,,) ,,introductory ,,essays ,,critical ,,& ,,explanatory ,,notes ,,& ,a ,,facsimile ,,( ,,! ,,h>leian ,,ms4 by ,w4 ,pet]son ,georg ,olms ,v]lagsbu*h&lung ,hilde%eim ,reprografis*] ,na*druck d] ,ausgabe ,ox=d #ahia ,mit ,g5ehmigung d] ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d ,pr9t$ 9 ,g]many ,h]/ellung3 fotokop1 ,reprografis*] ,betrieb ,gmb,h1 ,d>m/adt ,be/4-,nr4 #eajaffd ,,preface4 ,?is volume has gr[n 9 my h&s dur+ ! la/ eighte5 mon?s4 ,if ,i _h cont5t$ myself ) a %ort comm5t>y1 x might h appe>$ soon] & 9 a slight] =m4 ,b 9 addition to ! full & c>eful illu/ration requir$ = ! matt] ( ,qu9tilian's ,t5? ,book1 ! criticism ( ! text has become s important z to call = sep>ate treatm5t4 ,x has engag$1 )9 rec5t ye>s1 a l>ge %>e ( ! att5tion ( "s ( ! =emo/ s*ol>s on ! ,cont95t4 ,ev5 :ile ?is volume 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! press1 fre% evid5ce ( _! cont9u$ activity 0 receiv$ 9 ! %ape ( two valuable pap]s--an article by ,moriz ,kid]l9 9 "o ( ! curr5t numb]s ( ! ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 & ,be*]'s #8,zum zehnt5 ,bu* des ,qu9tilianus' 9 ! ,programm des ,knigli*5 ,gymnasiums zu ,auri* = ,ea/]1 #ahia4 ,! latt] ,i h f\nd especially int]e/+1 z confirm+ _m ( ! conclusions at :i*1 ) ! help ( "o ( ! manuscripts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,h>l4 #diie71 ,i _h arriv$ 9 reg>d to textual difficulties4 ,! importance ascrib$ to ano!r ,engli% codex 7,h>l4 #bffd7 w1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 be held to be ju/ifi$ by ! acc\nt ( x giv5 9 ! ,introduction4 ,aft] ,i _h exam9$ x = myself1 a collation ( x 0 k9dly put at my disposal by ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,purs]1 ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 to :om ,i take ?is opportunity ( r5d]+ my be/ ?anks4 ,i am indebt$ also to ,m4 ,*4 ,fi]ville1 ,c5seur des tudes au ,lyce ,*>lemagne1 = s5d+ me 8 collation ( f\r important ,p>is manuscripts 7,prat5sis1 ,puteanus1 #gbca & #gfif71 & also ( ! ,spani% ,salmant9us4 ,z to ! o!r codices :i* ,i h be5 at ! tr\ble ( collat+ p]sonally1 x w n be imag9$ t any mi/ak5 e/imate has be5 =m$ ( _! value4 ,if "s ( !m ?r[ little fre% light on exi/+ difficulties1 !y h ea* a be>+ on ! hi/ory ( ! con/itution ( ! text2 & x seem$ desirable to complete1 by "s acc\nt ( !m1 ! elaborate description ( ! ,manuscripts ( ,qu9tilian giv5 by ,m4 ,fi]ville 9 8 late/ volume4 ,a ref]5ce to ! li/ ( au?orities consult$ w %[ ! ext5t ( ! obligations incurr$ to o!r editors & critics4 ,krug]'s ?ird edition has be5 especially useful4 ,& ?\gh ,pr(essor ,mayor's comm5t>y ext5ds only to ! fifty-six? section ( ! fir/ *apt]1 ,i tru/ ,i h pr(it$ by ! example ( s*ol>ly ?or\ghness :i* he set me 9 ! "p ( ! "w :i* he 0 able to ov]take4 ,8 ,analysis has also be5 l>gely foll[$4 ,= conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce1 a table ( places has be5 add$ 9 :i* ! text ( ?is edition diff]s f t ( ,halm & ( ,mei/]4 ,special att5tion has be5 paid to ! matt] ( punctuation1 9 reg>d to :i* ,g]man me?ods h n be5 adopt$4 ,"o or two ( my own conjectural em5dations ,i h presum$ to ins]t 9 ! text1 & o!rs are sugge/$ 9 ! ,critical ,notes4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important is sic dic]e = ! ,,ms4 inic]e at #g #bi4 ,if my volume %\ld /rike any /ud5t z hav+ be5 prep>$ on too elaborate a scale1 ,i tru/ x w be rememb]$ t ,qu9tilian is a neglect$ au?or1 = :om no?+ has be5 done 9 ?is c\ntry 7) ! exception ( ,pr(essor ,mayor's incomplete edition ( ! ,t5? ,book7 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,p]haps its publication may help to cle> ! way = a f9al issue ( ! :ole text ( ! ,in/itutio4 ,w4 ,p4 ,dundee1 #bf? ,june1 #ahia4 ,,cont5ts ,! ,table ( ,cont5ts %[s ! orig9al arrangem5t ( ! book4 ,entries 9 italics 7 add$ by ! transcrib]4 ,,page ,preface ,introduction-- ,i4 ,life ( ,qu9tilian i ,,ii4 ,! ,in/itutio ,oratoria xiii ,,iii4 ,qu9tilian's ,lit]>y ,criticism xxii ,,iv4 ,/yle & ,language xxxix ,v4 ,manuscripts lxviii ,analysis ( ! ,argum5t #a ,text #aa ,*apt] ,i #aa ,*apt]s ,,ii-,,vii #abb ,critical ,notes #ahe ,index ( ,names #bbc ,index ( ,matt]s #bbe ,= ?is e-text "s *anges h be5 made2 9 all cases1 ! orig9al page numb]s w be se5 9 ! "r m>g94 see caption ,h>leian ,,ms4 #bffd4 #adi v4 7,see ,introd4 p4 lxiv47 i ,,introduction4 ,i4 ,life ( ,qu9tilian4 ,x w\ld be possible to /ate 9 a v few l9es all t is c]ta9ly kn[n ab\t ,qu9tilian's p]sonal hi/ory2 b mu* w\ld rema9 to be said 9 ord] to convey an adequate idea ( ! l>ge place he mu/ h fill$ 9 ! era ( :i* he is s typical a repres5tative4 ,! p]iod ( 8 activity at ,rome is ne>ly co-ext5sive ) ! reign ( ! ,flavian emp]ors1--,vespasian1 ,titus1 & ,domitian4 ,= tw5ty ye>s he 0 ! recognis$ head ( ! tea*+ pr(ession 9 ! capital1 & a l>ge proportion ( ^? :o came to maturity 9 ! days ( ,trajan & ,hadrian mu/ h receiv$ _! intellectual tra9+ 9 8 s*ool4 ,x is 9 itself a sign ( ! t5d5cies ( ! age t ,qu9tilian %\ld h enjoy$ ! imm$iate patronage ( ! reign+ emp]or 9 ! conduct ( "w :i* w\ld =m]ly h attract$ little notice4 ,9 e>li] days ! pr(ession ( tea*+ _h be5 held 9 l[ repute at ,rome#a4 ,! fir/ attempt to op5 a s*ool ( rhetoric1 9 ,b4,c4 #id1 0 look$ on ) ! greate/ suspicion & disfav\r4 ,ev5 ,cic]o adopts a tone ( apology 9 ! rhetorical text-books :i* he wrote = ! in/ruction ( o!rs4 ,b n[ all 0 *ang$1 & education _h come to be1 z x 0 9 a /ill great] degree "u ,n]va1 ,trajan1 & ! ,anton9es1 a dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t itself4 ,vespasian 0 ! f\nd] ( a new dyna/y2 &1 ?\gh he _h little culture to boa/ ( himself1 he 0 %rewd en\gh to appreciate ! advantages to be d]iv$ f sy/ematis+ ! education ( ! ,roman y\?1 & ma9ta9+ fri5dly relations ii ) ^? to :om x 0 entru/$4 ,qu9tilian1 = 8 "p1 seems to h dilig5tly second$1 9 ! s*ola/ic sph]e1 8 patron's ef=ts to efface ! memory ( ! "t ( tr\ble & unre/ :i* _h foll[$ ! ext9ction ( ! ,julian l9e 9 ! p]son ( ,n]o4 ,aft] 8 retirem5t f ! active duties ( 8 pr(ession1 he receiv$ ! consul> insignia f ,domitian1--! promotion ( a tea*] ( rhetoric to ! highe/ dignity 9 ! ,/ate be+ reg>d$ z a mo/ unexampl$ ph5om5on by ! cons]vative op9ion ( ! day1 :i* _h fail$ to recognise ! significance ( ! alliance betwe5 pr9ce & p$agogue4 ,! int]e/ ) :i* ! publication ( ! ,in/itutio ,oratorio 0 look$ =w>d to1 at ! close ( 8 labori\s pr(essional c>e]1 is suffici5t evid5ce ( ! au?oritative position ,qu9tilian _h ga9$ = himself at ,rome4 ,x 0 a tribute n only to ! successful tea*]1 b also to ! man ( lett]s :o1 consci\s t 8 0 an age ( lit]>y decad5ce1 s\ght to probe ! causes ( ! national decl9e & to c\nt]act its evil influ5ces4 ,l s _m ( ! di/+ui%$ m5 ( 8 "t1 ,qu9tilian 0 a ,spani>d by bir?4 ,!re mu/ h be5 some?+ 9 ! ,spani% national "* t r5d]$ ! inhabitants ( t c\ntry peculi>ly susceptible to ! influ5ces ( ,roman culture3 c]ta9ly no prov9ce assimilat$ m rapidly ?an ,spa9 ! civilisation ( its conqu]ors4 ,! expansion ( ,rome may be cle>ly trac$ 9 ! hi/ory ( h] lit]ature4 ,j z ,italy1 r ?an ! imp]ial city itself1 _h suppli$ ! c\rt ( ,augu/us ) its *iefe/ lit]>y ornam5ts1 s n[ ,spa9 s5ds up to ! c5tre ( attraction = all ?+s ,roman a b& ( au?ors unit$1 if by no?+ else1 at lea/ by ! ties ( a common orig94 ,pomponius ,mela is said to h come f a place call$ ,c+5t]a1 on ! bay ( ,algesiras2 ,columella 0 a native ( ,gades1 ,m>tial ( ,bilbilis2 ! two ,s5ecas & ,lucan 7 born 9 ,corduba4 ,! emp]or ,trajan came f ,italica1 ne> ,seville2 :ile ,hadrian belong$ to a family :i* _h long be5 settl$ !re4 ,qu9tilian's bir?place 0 ! t[n ( ,calagurris 7,calahorra7 on ! ,ebro1 memorable 9 previ\s hi/ory only = ! resi/ance :i* x enabl$ ,s]torius to (f] to ,metellus & ,pompeius3 x 0 ! la/ place t submitt$ aft] ! murd] ( ! insurg5t g5]al 9 ,b4,c4 #gb4 ,9 mo/ ( ! old] editions ( ,qu9tilian an anonym\s ,life appe>s1 ! au?or ( :i* 7probably ei!r ,omnibonus ,leonic5us or ,laur5tius ,valla7 pref]s a conjecture ( 8 own to ! #8books ( ! "t1' & makes out t ,qu9tilian 0 born 9 ,rome4 ,8 ma9 argum5t is t ,m>tial does n include 8 "n among ^? ( ! di/+ui%$ au?ors to :om he ref]s z be+ ( ,spani% orig9 7e4g4 ,epigr4 i4 iii #fa & #di71 ?\gh he addresses him sep>ately 9 complim5t>y t]ms 7,epigr4 ii4 #ij74 ,aga9/ ?is we may set1 h[ev]1 ! l9e 9 :i* ,ausonius embodies :at 0 evid5tly a well-kn[n & accept$ tradition 7,pr(4 i4 #g73-- ,ads]at usque licet ,fabium ,calagurris alumnum2 & ! /atem5t ( ,hi]onymus 9 ! ,eusebian ,*ronicle3--,qu9tilianus1 ex ,hispania ,calagurritanus1 primus ,romae publicam s*olam ap]uit4 ,! latt] extract c>ries additional weight if we accept ! conjecture ( ,reiff]s*eid#b t ,j]ome "h foll[s ! au?ority ( ,suetonius 7,ro?1 p4 #bgb7 9 8 "w on ! gramm>ians & rhetoricians4 ,! fact ( ,qu9tilian's ,spani% orig9 may !re=e be reg>d$ z fully e/abli%$1 ?\gh we _c cite ! au?ority ( ,qu9tilian himself on ! subject4 ,8 removal to ,rome1 at a v e>ly p]iod ( 8 life1 w\ld naturally make him m ( a ,roman ?an a ,spani>d2 & ?is is probably ! reason :y he n[h]e ref]s to ! accid5t ( 8 bir?-place4 ,inde$ 8 "w does n l5d itself to autobiographical revelations4 ,mo/ ( 8 rem9isc5ces1 "s ( :i* occur 9 ! ,t5? ,book 7#a #bc & #hf1 #c #ab3 cp4 v4 #g1 #g3 vi4 #a1 #ad3 xii4 #aa1 #c7 are sugge/$ by "s detail connect$ ) 8 subject4 ,ap>t f ! fam\s introduction to ,book ,,vi1 :]e 8 grief = ! loss ( 8 wife & two sons is all[$ to int]rupt ! cont9uity ( 8 argum5t1 he speaks ( 8 fa!r only once 7ix4 #c1 #gc71 & !n simply to quote1 n )\t "s diffid5ce1 a bon mot ( 8 9 illu/ration ( a figure ( spee*4 ,! fa!r 0 himself a rhetorician1 & seems to h taught ! subject bo? at ,calagurris & also aft] ! family remov$ to ,rome3 :e!r he is id5tical ) ! ,qu9tilianus m5tion$ z a declaim] ( mod]ate reputation by ! eld] ,s5eca 7,controv4 x4 praef4 #b3 cp4 ib4 #cc1 #ai7 _c n[ be asc]ta9$4 ,! date ( ,qu9tilian's bir? has be5 v>i\sly giv5 z ,a4,d4 #db1 ,a4,d4 #ch1 & ,a4,d4 #ce1 ! la/ be+ n[ mo/ commonly adopt$4 ,x _c be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty1 ?\gh a few consid]ations may "h be adduc$ to %[ :y x seems necess>y to disc>d any !ory t w\ld put x aft] ,a4,d4 #ch4 ,dodwell1 9 8 #8,annales ,qu9tilianei' 7see ,burmann's edition1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aaag71 arriv$ at ! ye> ,a4,d4 #db1 aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( all ! passages on :i* he ?\ght x all[able to base an inf]5ce4 ,b ,qu9tilian tells u himself t he 0 a "y man 7nobis adulesc5tibus vi4 #a1 #ad7 at ! trial ( ,cossutianus ,capito1 iv :i* we "k f ,tacitus 7,ann4 xiii4 #cc7 took place 9 ,a4,d4 #eg3 a fact :i* is 9 itself en\gh to %[ t ,dodwell is at lea/ two ye>s too late4 ,ano!r indication is d]iv$ f ! ref]5ces :i* ,qu9tilian makes to 8 tea*] ,domitius ,af]1 :o is kn[n to h di$ at a ripe old age 9 ,a4,d4 #ei3 cp4 xii4 #aa1 #c vidi ego 444 ,domitium ,afrum valde s5em3 v4 #g1 #g quem adulesc5tulus s5em colui3 x4 #a1 #hf quae ex ,afro ,domitio iuv5is excepi4 ,un=tunately we d n "k ! date ( ! trial ( ,volus5us ,catulus ref]r$ to 9 x4 #a1 #bc3 ,qu9tilian 0 a boy at ! "t 7nobis pu]is74 ,9 ! preface to ,book ,,vi he writes l an old man3 ?is appe>s especially 9 ! ref]5ce he makes to ! wife :om he _h lo/ & :o 0 only n9ete51--aetate tam puell>i praes]tim meae comp>ata #e4 ,if we may inf] t ,qu9tilian 0 ne>] sixty ?an fifty :5 he wrote ^! words1 9 ,a4,d4 #ic or #id1 we may be c]ta9 t he 0 born n lat] ?an ,a4,d4 #ch1 & probably two or ?ree ye>s e>li]4 ,qu9tilian receiv$ 8 e>ly education at ,rome1 & 8 fa!r's position z a tea*] ( rhetoric1 z well z ! :ole t5d5cy ( ! education ( ! day1 no d\bt gave x a rhetorical turn f ! v fir/4 ,ev5 boys at s*ool practis$ declamation1 z may be se5 f ! foll[+ passage ( ! ,in/itutio3-- #8,non inutilem scio s]vatum esse a praeceptoribus meis morem1 qui cum pu]os 9 classes di/ribu]ant1 ord9em dic5di secundum vires +5ii dabant2 et ita sup]iore loco quisque declamabat ut praec$]e pr(ectu videbatur4 ,huius rei iudicia praebebantur3 ea nobis +5s palma1 duc]e v]o classem multo pul*]rimum4 ,nec de hoc semel decretum erat3 tricesimus dies r$debat victo c]tam9is pote/atem4 ,ita nec sup]ior successu curam remittebat1 et dolor victum ad depell5dam ignom9iam concitabat4 ,id nobis acriores ad /udia dic5di faces subdidisse quam exhortationem doc5tium1 pa$agogorum cu/odiam1 vota p>5tium1 quantum animi mei coniectura collig]e possum1 cont5d]im4'--i4 #b1 #bc-be4 ,! same /yle ( ex]cise 0 kept up at a lat] /age1 :5 ! boy pass$ into ! h&s ( a pr(ess$ tea*] ( rhetoric1 su* z ! notori\s ,remmius ,palaemon1 :o is said by ! s*olia/ on ,juv5al 7vi4 #dea7 to h be5 ,qu9tilian's ma/]3-- #8,solebant praeceptores mei neque inutili et nobis etiam iucundo g5]e ex]citationis praep>>e nos coniecturalibus causis1 cum qua]]e atque exsequi iub]5t 8cur armata apud ,lac$aemonios ,v5us0 et 8quid ita cr$]etur ,cupido pu] atque voluc] et sagittis ac face armatus0 et similia1 9 quibus scrutabamur voluntatem4'--ii4 #d1 #bf4 ,he n[ came into contact )1 & li/5$ to ! eloqu5ce (1 ! mo/ celebrat$ orators ( ! day4 ,9 8 relations ) ! greate/ ( v ^!1 ,domitius ,af]1 ,qu9tilian seems to h act$ on ! maxim :i* he himself lays d[n = ! budd+ advocate3 oratorem sibi aliquem1 quod apud maiores fi]i solebat1 deligat1 quem sequatur1 quem imitetur x4 #e1 #ai4 ,to ,af] he atta*$ himself 7adsectab> ,domitium ,afrum ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #ad1 #aj71 & 0 9 all probability by him initiat$ 9 ! bus9ess ( ! law-c\rts & public life g5]ally3 cp4 v4 #g1 #g adulesc5tulus s5em colui 7,domitium74 ,9 ?is passage ,af] is said to h writt5 two books on ! exam9ation ( witnesses2 & f vi4 #c1 #db x w\ld appe> t 8 #8dicta' or witticisms 7 suffici5tly di/+ui%$ to m]it ! hon\r ( publication4 ,he _h held high (fice "u ,tib]ius1 ,caligula1 & ,n]o1 & 8 pre-em95ce at ! b> 0 undisput$3 xii4 #aa1 #c pr9cipem fuisse quondam =i non erat dubium4 ,9 8 review ( ,lat9 oratory1 ,qu9tilian gives him high praise3 arte et toto g5]e dic5di praef]5dus1 et quem 9 num]o vet]um hab]e non timeas x4 #a1 #aah4 ,! pupil 0 =tunate !re=e 9 8 ma/]1 & he drew ^u 8 rem9isc5ces ( ,af]'s tea*+ :5 he himself came to in/ruct o!rs 7,pl94 l4c474 ,among o!r notable orators ( ! day 7 ,s]vilius ,nonianus 7x4 #a1 #ajb71 ,iulius ,africanus 7x4 #a1 #aah3 xii4 #aj1 #aa71 ,iulius ,secundus 7x4 #a1 #abj3 #c1 #ab3 xii4 #aj1 #aa71 ,gal]ius ,tra*alus 7x4 #a1 #aai3 xii4 #aj1 #aa71 & ,vibius ,crispus 7ibid474 ,:5 he 0 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ( age "s motive induc$ ,qu9tilian to return to ,calagurris1 8 native t[n2 & !re he sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ! practice ( 8 pr(ession z tea*] & b>ri/]4 ,we "k t he came back to ,rome ) ,galba 9 ,a4,d4 #fh3 ! evid5ce = ?is is aga9 ! /atem5t made by ,hi]onymus 9 ! ,eusebian ,*ronicle1 ,m4 ,fabius ,qu9tilianus ,romam a ,galba p]ducitur4 ,galba _h be5 gov]nor ( ,hispania ,t>racon5sis "u ,n]o 7,a4,d4 #fa-fh71 & x is n improbable t ,qu9tilian1 :5 he return$ to 8 native c\ntry1 0 9 "s way atta*$ to 8 (ficial ret9ue2 ! num]\s bons mots :i* he records 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,six? ,book 7#fb1 #fd1 #ff1 #hj1 #ij7 seem to po9t to a c]ta9 am\nt ( p]sonal int]c\rse betwe5 himself & ! future emp]or#c4 ,at ,rome ,qu9tilian mu/ soon h prov$ himself ?or\ghly qualifi$ = ! "w ( tea*+ & tra9+ ! "y4 ,! imp]ial c\nt5ance aft]w>ds %[n him by ,vespasian 0 9 all probability only an (ficial expression ( ! e/eem felt 9 ! ,roman community = "o :o 0 s]v+ ) su* di/9ction 9 a sph]e ( :i* ! importance 0 com+ n[ to be m adequately recognis$4 ,qu9tilian 0 n only a le>n$ man & a great tea*]3 he 0 a great vi moral p[] 9 ! mid/ ( a p :i* _h long be5 demoralis$ by ! vices ( its rul]s4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( 8 tea*+1 non posse oratorem esse nisi virum bonum 7i4 pr4 #i & xii4 #a71 %[s ! high ideal he *]i%$ & ! wide view he took ( ! opportunities ( 8 position4 ,he felt himself /rong en\gh to make a prote/ aga9/ ! lit]>y influ5ce ( ,s5eca1 !n ! popul> fav\rite1 & to endeav\r to recall a vitiat$ ta/e to m rigor\s /&>ds3 corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dic5di g5us revoc>e ad sev]iora iudicia cont5do 7x4 #a1 #abe74 ,& :51 9 ! ev5+ ( 8 days1 he wrote 8 great treatise on ! #8te*nical tra9+' ( ! orator1 x 0 f himself & 8 own successful practice t he drew _m ( 8 mo/ cog5t illu/rations1 e4g4 vi4 #b1 #cf1 & 79 reg>d to 8 p[]s ( memory7 xi4 #b1 #ci & iv4 #b1 #hf4 ,9 ! e>li] ye>s ( 8 c>e] at ,rome1 be=e he became absorb$ 9 ! "w ( tea*+1 ,qu9tilian mu/ h _h a consid]able am\nt ( practice at ! b>4 ,he tells u himself ( a spee* :i* he publi%$1 ductus iuv5ali cupiditate gloriae viii4 #b1 #bd4 ,x 0 ( a common type4 ,a c]ta9 ,naevius ,arp9ianus 0 accus$ ( hav+ kill$ 8 wife1 :o _h fall5 f a w9d[2 & we may inf] ) c]ta9ty f ! tone ( ,qu9tilian's ref]5ce to ! circum/ances ( ! case t he succe$$ 9 secur+ ! acquittal ( ,naevius--m =tunate ?an ! wife-kill] ( :om we read 9 ,tacitus 7,ann4 iv4 #bb74 ,a m di/+ui%$ cause 0 t ( ,b]5ice1 ! ,jewi% ,que5 be=e :om ,/4 ,paul appe>$ 7,acts xxv4 #ac71 & ^: subsequ5t visit to ,rome 0 connect$ ) ! asc5d5cy %e _h e/abli%$ ov] ! he>t ( ! y\?ful ,titus 7,tac4 ,hi/4 ii4 #b3 ,suet4 ,tit4 #g74 ,we c only speculate on ! nature ( ! issue involv$1 z ,qu9tilian conf9es himself to a b>e /atem5t ( fact--ego pro reg9a ,b]5ice apud ipsam causam dixi iv4 #a1 #ai4 ,x 0 9 all probability a civil suit br\ght or def5d$ by ,b]5ice aga9/ "s ,jewi% c\ntryman2 & ! ph5om5on ( ! que5 h]self presid+ ov] a trial 9 :i* %e 0 an int]e/$ p>ty is acc\nt$ = by ! hypo!sis t1 at lea/ 9 civil suits1 ,roman tol]ance all[$ ! ,jews to settle _! own disputes accord+ to _! national law4 ,on su* occasions ! p]son ( highe/ rank 9 ! community to :i* ! disputants belong$ might naturally be designat$ to preside ov] ! tribunal#d4 vii ,9 ano!r case1 ,qu9tilian seems to h %[n "s ( ! dext]ity attribut$ to him 9 ! (t-quot$ l9e ( ,juv5al 7vi4 #bhj7 ,dic aliquem1 sodes1 dic1 ,qu9tiliane1 colorem4 ,he 0 c\nsel = a woman :o _h be5 p>ty to an arrangem5t by :i* ! provisions ( ! ,voconian law 7pass$ ,b4,c4 #afi to prev5t ! accumulation ( prop]ty 9 ! h&s ( females7 _h be5 evad$ by ! n uncommon me?od ( a fraudul5t disposition to a ?ird p]son#e4 ,qu9tilian's cli5t 0 accus$ ( hav+ produc$ a =g$ w4 ,?is *>ge x 0 easy to rebut1 ?\gh x r5d]$ necess>y ! explanation t ! heirs nam$ 9 ! w _h really und]tak5 to h& ! prop]ty ov] to ! woman2 & if ?is explanation 7 op5ly giv5 x w\ld involve ! loss ( ! e/ate4 ,!re is an evid5t tone ( satisfaction 9 ,qu9tiiian's description ( :at happ5$3 ita ergo fuit nobis ag5dum ut iudices illud intelleg]5t factum1 delatores non poss5t adpreh5d]e ut dictum1 et contigit utrumque 7ix4 #b1 #gd74 ,unlike 8 great model ,cic]o1 :o 0 consid]$ mo/ effective 9 ! p]oratio ( a great case1 :]e ! "w 0 divid$ among sev]al plead]s1 ,qu9tilian 0 g5]ally reli$ on to /ate a case 7pon]e causam7 9 its ma9 l9es = subsequ5t elaboration3 me c]te1 quantacunque no/ris exp]im5tis hab5da e/ fides1 fecisse hoc 9 =o1 quoti5s ita desid]abat utilitas1 probantibus et eruditis et iis qui iudicabant1 scio3 et 7quod non adrogant] dix]im1 quia sunt plurimi quibuscum egi qui me refell]e poss9t si m5ti>7 f]e a me pon5dae causae (ficium exigebatur iv4 #b1 #hf4 ,8 me?odical habit ( m9d w\ld r5d] him specially effective = ?is dep>tm5t ( "w4 ,o!r orators may h be5 m brilliant1 m full ( fire1 & m able to "w ^u ! feel+s ( an audi5ce3 if ,qu9tilian _h n ! #8gr& /yle'--if he repres5ts ! type ( an orator t is #8made' r ?an #8born'--we may at lea/ believe t he 0 unsurpass$ = judici\s1 mod]ate1 & effective /atem5t4 ,8 model 9 ?is z 9 o!r matt]s 0 probably ,domitius ,af]1 ( :om ,pl9y says 7,ep4 ii4 #ad1 #aj7 apud decemviros dicebat gravit] et l5te1 hoc enim illi actionis g5us erat4 ,8 "* & tra9+ w\ld secure him a place ap>t f ! common h]d4 #8,among ! orators ( ! day1 "s ignorant & co>se1 hav+ left mean occupations1 )\t any prelim9>y /udy1 = ! b>1 :]e !y made up 9 audacity = lack ( tal5t1 & 9 noisy conceit = a defective k viii ( law--o!rs tra9$ 9 ! practice ( delation to e =m ( trick]y & viol5ce--,qu9tilian1 hone/1 able1 & mod]ate /ood by himself#f4' ,x 0 aft] ,qu9tilian _h atta9$ "s di/9ction 9 ! practice ( 8 pr(ession1 probably 9 ! ye> #gb1 t 8 activity became inve/$ ) an (ficial & public "*4 ,we le>n ! facts f ,suetonius's ,life ( ,vespasian 7*4 #ah73 primus e fisco lat9is graecisque rhetoribus annua c5t5a con/ituit3 & ! ,eusebian *ronicle 7see ,ro?'s ,suetonius1 p4 #bgb71 ,qu9tilianus1 ex ,hispania ,calagurritanus1 qui primus ,romae publicam 7#8/ate-support$'7 s*olam ap]uit et sal>ium e fisco accepit1 cl>uit--! z5i? ( 8 fame be+ plac$ betwe5 ! ye>s #he & #hi ,a4,d4 ,vespasian1 9 fact1 creat$ & end[$ a pr(essorial ,*air ( ,rhetoric1 & ,qu9tilian 0 its fir/ occupant4 ,he ?us became ! (ficial head ( ! =emo/ s*ool ( oratory at ,rome1 & ! #8supreme controll] ( its re/less y\?'3 ,qu9tiliane1 vagae mod]ator summe iuv5tae1 ,gloria ,romanae1 ,qu9tiliane1 togae4 --,m>t4 ii4 #ij1 #a-b4 ,9 ?is capacity he mu/ h ex]cis$ ! greate/ possible influ5ce on ! ris+ y\? ( ,rome4 ,! y\ng] ,pl9y 0 8 pupil1 & evid5tly reta9$ a grateful memory ( ! in/ruction :i* he receiv$ f him3 ,ep4 ii4 #ad1 #i & vi4 #f1 #c4 ,! same is true1 9 all probability1 ( ,pl9y's fri5d ,tacitus1 :o has mu* 9 common ) ,qu9tilian3 possibly also ( ,suetonius4 ,if ,juv5al 0 n actually 8 pupil1--he is believ$ to h practis$ declamation till well on 9 life1--we may inf] f ! complim5t>y ref]5ces :i* occur 9 8 ,satires t he at lea/ appreciat$ ,qu9tilian's "w & recognis$ its heal?y influ5ce#g4 ,aft] a public c>e] at ,rome1 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s#h1 ,qu9tilian def9itely retir$ f bo? tea*+ & plead+ at ix ! b>4 ,he seems to h pr(it$ by ! example ( 8 model1 ,domitius ,af]1 :o w\ld h done bett] if he _h retir$ e>li] 7xii4 #aa1 #c73 ,qu9tilian ?\ght x 0 well to g :ile he w\ld /ill be miss$1--et praecipi5di munus iam pridem deprecati sumus et 9 =o quoque dic5di1 quid hone/issimum f9em putabamus des9]e dum desid]>emur1 ii4 #ab1 #ab4 ,! weal? :i* he _h acquir$ by ! practice ( 8 pr(ession 7,juv4 vii4 #ahf-ahi7 enabl$ him to g into retirem5t ) a light he>t4 ,! fir/-fruits ( 8 leisure 0 a treatise 9 :i* he s\ght to acc\nt = t decl9e 9 eloqu5ce = :i* ! ,in/itutio ,oratoria 0 aft]w>ds to provide a rem$y4 ,x 0 entitl$ ,de causis corruptae eloqu5tiae1 & 0 long conf\nd$ ) ! ,dialogue on ,oratory1 n[ ascrib$ to ,tacitus3 he ref]s to ?is "w 9 vi4 pr4 #c3 viii4 #f1 #gf3 possibly also 9 ii4 #d1 #db3 v4 #ab1 #bc3 vi4 pr4 #c3 viii4 #c1 #eh1 & #f1 #gfi4 ,?is treatise is no long] extant1 & we h lo/ also ! two books ,artis ,rhetoricae1 :i* 7 publi%$ "u ,qu9tilian's "n 7#a pr4 #g71 neque editi a me neque 9 hoc comp>ati3 namque alt]um s]monem p] biduum habitum pu]i quibus id prae/abatur excep]ant1 alt]um pluribus sane diebus1 quantum not&o consequi potu]ant1 int]ceptum boni iuv5es s$ nimium amantes mei tem]>io editionis honore vulgav]ant#aj4 ,9 a rec5t edition ( ! #8,m9or ,declamations' 7,m4 ,fabii ,qu9tiliani declamationes quae sup]sunt cxlv ,lipsiae1 #ahhd71 ,con/4 ,ritt] endeav\rs to %[ t ?is is ! "w ref]r$ to 9 ! passage quot$ above1 f ! preface to ! ,in/itutio3 cp4 ,die ,qu9tilianis*5 ,declamation51 ,freiburg i4,b41 und x ,tb+51 #ahha1 p4 #bdf sqq4#aa ,mei/]'s view1 h[ev]1 is t1 l ! #8,great] ,declamations1' :i* are g5]ally admitt$ to h be5 compos$ at a lat] date1 ! #8,m9or ,declamations' also 7 writt5 subsequ5tly ei!r by ,qu9tilian himself or 7m probably7 by imitators :o _h caught 8 /yle & 7 glad to comm5d _! compositions by ! aid ( 8 great "n4 ,ev5 9 8 busy pr(essional days ,qu9tilian _h suff]$ f ! zeal ( pirate publi%]s3 he tells u 7vii4 #b1 #bd7 t sev]al plead+s 7 9 circulation "u 8 "n :i* he c\ld by no means claim z entirely 8 own3 nam cet]ae1 quae sub nom9e meo f]untur1 negleg5tia excipi5tium 9 quae/um not>iorum corruptae m9imam p>tem mei hab5t4 ,:ile liv+ 9 retirem5t1 & engag$ on ! composition ( 8 "w1 ,qu9tilian receiv$ a fre% m>k ( ,imp]ial fav\r1 ?is "t f ,domitian4 ,?is pr9ce _h adopt$ two gr&-nephews1 :om he de/9$ to succe$ him on ! ?rone1--! *ildr5 ( 8 niece ,flavia ,domitilla1 & ( ,flavius ,clem5s1 a c\s9 :om he associat$ ) himself ab\t ?is "t 9 ! duties ( ! consul%ip4 ,!y 7 re*ri/5$ ,vespasian & ,domitian 7,suet4 ,dom4 #ae71 & ! c>e ( _! education 0 entru/$ to ,qu9tilian 7,a4,d4 #ic74 ,he accept$ x ) fulsome expressions ( gratitude & appreciation#ab2 b did n ex]cise x = long#ac1 z ! *ildr51 ) _! p>5ts1 became ! victims ( ! tyrant's caprici\sness %ortly be=e 8 murd]1 & 7 ru9$ z rapidly z !y _h ris54 ,flavius ,clem5s 0 put to dea?1 & 8 wife ,domitilla1 probably accompani$ by h] two sons1 0 s5t into exile4 ,!y seem to h embrac$ ! ,jewi% fai?2 & x is int]e/+ to speculate on ! possibility t ?r\gh int]c\rse ) !m1 & ) _! *ildr51 ,qu9tilian may h come into contact ) a religion :i* 0 ! =]unn] ( t :i* 0 de/9$ soon aft]w>ds to a*ieve s univ]sal a triumph4 ,x 0 :ile he 0 act+ z tutor to ! two pr9ces t ,qu9tilian receiv$1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( _! fa!r ,flavius ,clem5s1 ! complim5t ( ! consul> insignia4 ,?is we le>n f ,ausonius1 himself ! recipi5t ( a simil> fav\r f 8 pupil ,gratian3 ,qu9tilianus p] ,clem5tem ornam5ta consul>ia sortitus1 hone/am5ta nom9is potius videtur quam insignia pote/atis habuisse4 ,x 0 probably 9 allusion to xi ?is promotion1 unexampl$ at t "t 9 ! case ( a tea*] ( rhetoric1 t ,juv5al wrote 7vii4 #aig-h7-- ,si ,=tuna volet1 fies de rhetore consul2 ,si volet haec eadem1 fies de consule rhetor3 :ile ano!r p>allel is *ronicl$ by ,pl9y1 ,ep4 iv4 #aa1 #a praetorius hic modo 444 nunc eo decidit ut exsul de s5atore1 rhetor de oratore fi]et4 ,itaque ipse 9 praefatione dixit dol5t] el gravit]3 #8quos tibi ,=tuna1 ludos facis8' facis enim ex pr(essoribus s5atores1 ex s5atoribus pr(essores4 ,! flatt]y ) :i* ,qu9tilian loads ! emp]or = ^! & simil> fav\rs is ! only /a9 on a "* o!rwise inv>iably manly1 hon\rable1 & /raight=w>d4 ,x is />tl+ = u to he> t mon/] ( iniquity1 ! la/ ( ! ,flavian l9e1 invok$ z an #8upright gu>dian ( morals' 7sanctissimus c5sor iv4 pr4 #c71 ev5 :5 he 0 #8te>+ 9 pieces ! almo/ lifeless _w4' ,!re may h be5 a gra9 ( s9c]ity 9 ! complim5ts :i* ,qu9tilian1 l ,pl9y1 pays to 8 lit]>y ability4 ,domitian's poetical productions are said n to h be5 altoge!r want+ 9 m]it2 & 8 atta*m5t to lit]>y pursuits is %[n by ! fe/ivals he in/itut$ 9 hon\r ( ,m9]va & ,jupit] ,capitol9us1 9 :i* rhetorical1 musical1 & arti/ic conte/s 7 a prom95t feature 7see on x4 #a1 #ia74 ,b ?is is no ju/ification = ! fulsome language employ$ by ,qu9tilian 9 ! introduction to ! ,f\r? ,book1 :]e ! emp]or is spok5 ( z ! protect+ deity ( lit]>y m53 ut 9 omnibus ita 9 eloqu5tia em95tissimum 444 quo neque praes5tius aliud nec /udiis magis propitium num5 e/2 nor = 8 pr(ession ( belief t no?+ b ! c>es ( gov]nm5t prev5t$ ,domitian f becom+ ! greate/ poet ( ,rome3 ,g]manicum ,augu/um ab in/itutis /udiis deflexit cura t]r>um1 p>umque dis visum e/ esse eum maximum poet>um x4 #a1 #ia sq4 ,few w\ld recognise ,domitian 9 ! foll[+ ref]5ce3 laud&um 9 quibusdam quod g5iti immortales1 quibusdam quod immortalitatem virtute s9t consecuti3 quod pietas pr9cipis no/ri praes5tium quoque temporum decus fecit iii4 #g1 #i4 ,su* s]vility c only be p>tially expla9$ by ,qu9tilian's (ficial relations to ! ,c\rt & by ! circum/ances ( ! "t at :i* he wrote4 ,x 0 a vice ( ! age3 ,qu9tilian %>es x ) ,m>tial1 ,/atius1 ,silius ,italicus1 & ,val]ius ,flaccus4 ,! indignant sil5ce :i* ,tacitus & ,juv5al ma9ta9$ dur+ ! horrors ( ?is reign is a bett] expression ( ! virtue ( old ,rome1 :i* seems to h burn$ ) /eadi] flame 9 ! he>ts ( h] g5u9e sons ?an 9 ^? ( ! #8new m5' xii f ! prov9ces1 ) nei!r pride ( family nor pride ( nationality to save !m f ! corrupt+ influ5ces ( _! surr\nd+s#ad4 ,t ,qu9tilian acquir$ consid]able weal?1 p>tly z a tea*] & p>tly by "w at ! b>1 is evid5t f ! po9t$ ref]5ces made by ,juv5al 9 ! sev5? ,satire4 ,aft] %[+ h[ insignificant are ! fees paid by ,roman p>5ts = _! *ildr5's education1 :5 comp>$ ) _! o!r exp5ses1 ! satiri/ sudd5ly breaks (f1--unde igitur tot ,qu9tilianus habet saltus8 ,h[ does x come ab\t 7if 8 pr(ession is s unremun]ative7 t ,qu9tilian owns s _m e/ates8 ,! only answ] :i* ,juv5al c give to ?is conundrum is t ! great tea*] 0 "o ( ! =tunate3 #8he is a lucky man1 & y\r lucky man1 l ,horace's ,/oic1 unites e good quality 9 himself1 & c expect ev]y?+#ae4' ,we mu/ rememb] h[ev]1 t1 :ile ,qu9tilian acquir$ weal? 9 ! practice ( 8 pr(ession1 no *>ge is made aga9/ him z hav+ plac$ 8 abilities at ! disposal ( an unscrupul\s rul] = 8 own advancem5t4 ,"u ,n]o1 ,m>cellus ,eprius assi/$ 9 procur+ ! condemnation ( ,?rasea1 & receiv$ ov] #db1jjj = ! s]vice 7,tac4 ,ann4 xvi4 #cc73 if ,qu9tilian's "n _h ev] be5 associat$ ) su* a trial1 ,juv5al w\ld h be5 m direct 9 8 ref]5ce4 ,b ) ,qu9tilian1 z ) s _m o!rs1 ! advantages ( position & =tune 7 c\nt]balanc$ by grave dome/ic losses4 ,9 a less rhetorical age ! memorable introduction to ! ,six? ,book ( ! ,in/itutio w\ld p]haps h tak5 a r m simple =m2 b x is none ! less a te/imony to ! w>m human he>t ( ! writ]1 n[ a *ildless wid[]4 ,he _h m>ri$1 :5 already well on 9 life1 a "y girl ^: dea? at ! e>ly age ( n9ete5 made him feel z if 9 h] he _h lo/ a daught] r ?an a wife3 cum omni virtute quae 9 fem9as cadit functa insanabilem attulit m>ito dolorem1 tum aetate tam puell>i1 praes]tim meae comp>ata1 pote/ et ipsa num]>i int] vuln]a orbitatis vi4 pr4 #e4 ,%e left him two sons1 ! y\ng] ( :om did n long survive h]2 he _h j complet$ 8 fif? ye> :5 he di$4 ,! fa!r n[ conc5trat$ all 8 affection xiii on ! eld]1 & x 0 ) 8 education 9 view t he made all ha/e to complete 8 great "w1 :i* he consid]$ w\ld be ! be/ inh]itance he c\ld leave to him1--hanc optimum p>tem relicturus h]$itatis videb>1 ut si me1 quod aequum et optabile fuit1 fata int]cepiss5t1 praeceptore tam5 patre ut]etur ib4 #a4 ,b ! bl[ aga9 desc5d$1 & 8 h\se 0 desolate3 at me =tuna id ag5tem diebus ac noctibus fe/9antemque metu meae mortalitatis ita subito pro/ravit ut laboris mei fructus ad nem9em m9us quam ad me p]t9]et4 ,illum enim1 de quo summa concep]am et 9 quo spem unicam s5ectutis reponebam1 repetito vuln]e orbitatis amisi ib4 #b4 ,?is w\ld be ab\t ! ye> #id ,a4,d41 & ! ,in/itutio ,oratoria is said to h se5 ! light 9 #ie4 ,aft] t we he> no m ( ,qu9tilian4 ,domitian 0 assass9at$ 9 #if1 & "u ! new rgime x is possible t ! fav\rite ( ! ,flavian emp]ors may h be5 "u a cl\d4 ,b 8 "w 0 done2 ev5 if he liv$ on = a few ye>s long] 9 retirem5t1 8 c>e] _h virtually clos$ ) ! publication ( 8 great treatise4 ,x us$ to be believ$ t he liv$ into ! reign ( ,hadrian1 & di$ ab\t #aah ,a4,d41 b ?is idea is f\nd$ on a misconception#af4 ,probably he did n ev5 see ! accession ( ,n]va 9 #if3 if he did1 he mu/ h di$ soon aft]w>ds1 = !re are two lett]s ( ,pl9y's 7"o writt5 betwe5 #ig & #ajj1 & ! o!r ab\t #aje7 9 :i* ,pl9y does n speak ( 8 old tea*] z ( "o /ill alive4 ,,ii4 ,! ,in/itutio ,oratoria4 ,?\gh ,qu9tilian sp5t little m ?an two ye>s on ! composition ( ! ,in/itutio ,oratorio1 8 "w really embodies ! exp]i5ce ( a xiv lifetime4 ,no d\bt mu* ( x lay ready to 8 h&1 ev5 be=e he began to write1 & he w\ld will+ly h kept x long]2 b ! solicitations ( ,trypho1 ! publi%]1 7 too mu* = him4 ,8 lett] to ,trypho %[s t he fully appreciat$ ! magnitude ( 8 task2 & !re is ev5 ! sugge/ion t 7l _m a busy tea*] s9ce 8 "t7 he only realis$ :5 call$ ^u to publi% t he _h n cov]$ ! :ole gr\nd ( 8 subject#ag4 ,! op5+ words ( ! introduction 7po/ impetratam /udiis meis quietem1 quae p] vig9ti annos erudi5dis iuv5ibus imp5d]am1 c47 %[ t ! ,in/itutio 0 ! "w ( 8 retirem5t3 & v>i\s indications lead u to fix ! date ( its composition z fall+ betwe5 ,a4,d4 #ic & #ie4 ,! introduction to ! ,f\r? ,book 0 evid5tly writt5 :5 7probably 9 #ic7 ,domitian _h appo9t$ ,qu9tilian tutor to 8 gr&-nephews2 ! ,six? ,book1 :]e he ref]s to 8 family losses1 mu/ h foll[$ %ortly aft]w>ds2 :ile ! h>%ness ( 8 ref]5ces to ! philosoph]s 9 ! conclud+ portions ( ! "w 7cp4 xi4 #a1 #cj1 xii4 #c1 #aa1 ) #a1 pr4 #ae1 :i* may h be5 writt51 or at lea/ revis$1 aft] ! re/ 0 f9i%$7 seems to sugge/ t _! expulsion by ,domitian 79 #id7 0 already an accompli%$ fact#ah4 ,! book is d$icat$ to ,victorius ,m>cellus1 to :om ,/atius also addresses ! ,f\r? ,book ( 8 ,silvae1 evid5tly z to a p]son ( "s consid]ation & an orator ( repute 7cp4 ,/at4 ,silv4 iv4 #d1 #h1 & #da sq474 ,m>cellus _h a son call$ ,geta 7,in/4 ,or4 i4 pr4 #f3 ,/at4 ,silv4 iv4 #d1 #ga71 & x 0 orig9ally ) a view to ! education ( ?is y\? 7erudi5do ,getae tuo7 t ,qu9tilian associat$ ! fa!r's "n ) 8 "w4 ,geta is aga9 ref]r$ to1 along ) ,qu9tilian's eld] son1 & also ! gr&-nephews ( ,domitian1 9 ! introduction to ! ,f\r? ,book2 b ! op5+ words ( ! ,six? ,book %[ t !y are all gone1 & ! epilogue1 at ! conclusion ( ,book xii1 is address$ to ,m>cellus on beho( ( #8/udiosi iuv5es' 9 g5]al4 ,! plan ( ! ,in/itutio ,oratorio _c be bett] giv5 ?an 9 its au?or's own words 7i4 pr4 #ba sq473 ,lib] primus ea quae sunt ante (ficium rhetoris cont9ebit4 ,secundo prima apud rhetorem elem5ta et quae de ipsa rhetorices sub/antia qua]untur tractabimus1 qu9que de9ceps inv5tioni 7nam huic et dispositio subiungitur7 quattuor elocutioni1 9 cuius p>tem memoria ac pronuntiatio v5iunt1 dabuntur4 ,unus acc$et 9 quo nobis orator ipse in=m&us e/1 et qui mores eius1 quae 9 xv suscipi5dis1 disc5dis1 ag5dis causis ratio1 quod eloqu5tiae g5us1 quis ag5di debeat esse f9is1 quae po/ f9em /udia1 quantum no/ra valebit infirmitas1 diss]emus4 ,! fir/ book deals ) :at ! pupil mu/ le>n be=e he goes to ! rhetorician2 x gives an acc\nt ( home-tra9+ & s*ool discipl9e1 & conta9s also a /atem5t ( ,qu9tilian's views ( gramm>4 ,! second book treats ( rhetoric 9 g5]al3 ! *oice ( a prop] in/ructor1 z well z 8 "* & function1 & ! nature1 pr9ciples1 aims1 & use ( oratory4 ,x is 9 ^! e>ly books especially t ,qu9tilian reveals ! high tone :i* has made him an au?ority on educational morals1 z well z rhetorical tra9+3 see especially i4 #b1 #h1 :]e he enl>ges on ,juv5al's dictum1 maxima debetur pu]o rev]5tia2 ii4 #d1 #aj1 :]e he advocates g5tle & conciliatory me?ods 9 tea*+2 & ii4 #b1 #e1--;a picture ( ! ideal tea*] 9 language :i* might be appli$ to ,qu9tilian himself#ai4 ,! rema9+ books1 except ! twelf?1 are devot$ to ! five #8p>ts ( rhetoric1'--inv5tion1 arrangem5t1 /yle1 memory1 & deliv]y 7,cic4 de ,inv4 i4 #g1 #i74 ,9 ! ?ird book we h a classification ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( oratory4 ,next he treats ( ! #8diff]5t divisions ( a spee*1 ! purpose ( ! exordium1 ! prop] =m ( a /atem5t ( facts1 :at con/itutes ! =ce ( pro(s1 ei!r 9 confirm+ our own ass]tions or refut+ ^? ( our adv]s>y1 & ( ! diff]5t p[]s ( ! p]oration1 :e!r x be reg>d$ z a summ>y ( ! argum5ts previ\sly us$1 or z a means ( excit+ ! feel+s ( ! judge r ?an ( refre%+ 8 memory4' ,?is br+s u to ! end ( ! six? book1 :i* closes ) rem>ks on ! uses ( hum\r & ( alt]cation#bj4 ,! discussion ( arrangem5t f9i%es ) ! sev5? book1 :i* is extremely te*nical3 /yle 7elocutio7 is ! ma9 subject ( ! f\r books :i* foll[4 ,( ^! ! eigh? & n9? treat ( ! elem5ts ( a good /yle1--su* z p]spicuity1 ornam5t1 c42 ! t5? ( ! practical /udies & ex]cises 7includ+ a c\rse ( read+7 by :i* ! actual comm& ( ^! elem5ts may be obta9$2 :ile ! elev5? deals ) appropriat5ess 7i4e4 ! diff]5t k9ds ( oratory :i* suit diff]5t audi5ces71 memory1 & deliv]y4 ,! twelf? book--:i* ,qu9tilian calls ! mo/ grave & important "p ( ! :ole "w--treats ( ! high moral qualifications requisite 9 ! p]fect orator3 xvi j z ! fir/ book1 introductory to ! :ole1 describes ! e>ly tra9+ :i* %\ld prec$e ! te*nical /udies ( ! orator1 s ! la/ book sets =? t #8discipl9e ( ! :ole man' :i* is _! cr[n & conclusion#ba4 8,la/ly1 ! exp]i5c$ tea*] gives advice :5 ! public life ( an orator %\ld beg91 & :5 x %\ld end4 ,ev5 !n 8 activity w n come to an end4 ,he w write ! hi/ory ( 8 times1 w expla9 ! law to ^? :o consult him1 w write1 l ,qu9tilian himself1 a treatise on eloqu5ce1 or set =? ! highe/ pr9ciples ( morality4 ,! "y m5 w ?rong r\nd & consult him z an oracle1 & he w guide !m z a pilot4 ,:at c be m hon\rable to a man ?an to tea* t ( :i* he has a ?or\gh k8 #8,i "k n1' he concludes1 #8:e!r an orator ought n to be ?\ght happie/ at t p]iod ( 8 life :51 seque/]$ f ! _w1 devot$ to retir$ /udy1 unmole/$ by envy1 & remote f /rife1 he has plac$ 8 reputation 9 a h>b\r ( safety1 exp]i5c+ :ile yet alive t respect :i* is m commonly (f]$ aft] dea?1 & obs]v+ h[ 8 "* w be reg>d$ by po/]ity#bb4'0 ,! ,in/itutio ,oratoria diff]s f all o!r previ\s rhetorical treatises 9 ! compreh5siv5ess ( its aim & me?od4 ,x is a complete manual = ! tra9+ ( ! orator1 f 8 cradle to ! public plat=m4 ,f\nd+ on old ,cato's maxim1 t ! orator is ! vir bonus dic5di p]itus1 ,qu9tilian consid]s x necess>y to take him at bir? 9 ord] to secure ! be/ results1 z reg>ds bo? goodness ( "* & skill 9 speak+4 ,8 "w has !re=e = u a d\ble value & a tw(old int]e/3 x is a treatise on education 9 g5]al1 & on rhetorical education 9 p>ticul>4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole1 oratory is ! end = ! sake ( :i* ev]y?+ is und]tak51--! goal to :i* ! entire moral & intellectual tra9+ ( ! /ud5t is to be direct$4 ,qu9tilian's high conception ( 8 subject is reflect$ 9 ! language ( ! #8,dialogue on ,oratory'3 ,/udium quo non aliud 9 civitate no/ra vel ad utilitatem fructuosius vel ad voluptatem dulcius vel ad dignitatem amplius vel ad urbis famam pul*rius vel ad totius imp]ii atque omnium g5tium notitiam inlu/rius excogit>i pote/ 7*4 #e74 ,?\gh ! field = ! practical display ( eloqu5ce _h be5 greatly limit$ by xvii ! ext9ction ( ! old fre$om ( political life1 rhetoric repres5t$1 9 ,qu9tilian's day1 ! :ole ( education4 ,x 0 to ! ,romans :at 0 to ! ,greeks1 & 0 valu$ all ! m by !m because ( its em95tly practical purpose4 ,! /ud5t ( rhetoric mu/ !re=e be fully equipp$4 8,qu9tilian po/ulates ! wide/ culture3 !re is no =m ( k f :i* some?+ may n be extract$ = 8 purpose2 & he is fully alive to ! importance ( me?od 9 education4 ,he ridicules ! fa%ion ( ! day1 :i* hurri$ ov] prelim9>y cultivation1 & all[$ m5 to gr[ grey :ile declaim+ 9 ! s*ools1 :]e nature & reality 7 =gott54 ,yet he develops all ! te*nicalities ( rhetoric ) a fulness to :i* we f9d no p>allel 9 anci5t lit]ature4 ,ev5 9 ?is portion ( ! "w ! illu/rations are s apposite & ! /yle s dignifi$ & yet sweet1 t ! mod]n read]1 ^: initial int]e/ 9 rhetoric is ( necessity fa9t1 is c>ri$ along ) mu* less fatigue ?an is necess>y to ma/] mo/ p>ts ( ! rhetorical writ+s ( ,ari/otle & ,cic]o4 ,at all times ! /ud5t feels t he is 9 ! company ( a high-ton$ ,roman g5tleman :o1 s f> z he c\ld d )\t ceas+ to be a ,roman1 has tak5 up into 8 nature ! be/ results ( anci5t culture 9 all its =ms#bc40 ,x is 9 connection ) ! g5]al r ?an ) ! te*nical tra9+ ( 8 pupils t ,qu9tilian e/abli%es a claim to rank ) ! highe/ educational au?orities1--z = example 9 8 insi/5ce on ! necessity ( good example bo? at home#bd & 9 s*ool1 & on ! respect due to ! "y#be1 z well z 8 catalogue ( ! qualifications requir$ 9 ! tra9] ( y\? 7ii4 #b1 #e3 #d1 #aj71 8 prote/ aga9/ corporal puni%m5t 7i4 #c1 #ad71 & 8 consi/5t advocacy ( ! moral z well z ! intellectual aspects ( education4 ,8 sy/em 0 conceiv$ z a rem$y = ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s at ,rome1 :]e eloqu5ce & ! arts 9 g5]al _h1 z ,messalla puts x 9 ! #8,dialogue on ,oratory1' 8decl9$ f _! anci5t glory1 n f ! de>? ( m51 b f ! indol5ce ( ! "y1 ! c>elessness ( p>5ts1 ! ignorance ( tea*]s1 & neglect ( ! old discipl9e#bf40 ,"u x p>5ts & tea*]s 7 to be unit$ 9 ! ef=t to develop ! moral & intellectual qualities ( ! ,roman y\?3 & ?r\gh education ! /ate 0 to recov] some?+ ( h] old vig\r & virtue4 ,! "w 0 expect$ ) ! greate/ int]e/ be=e its publication1 & we may inf]1 f ! high au?ority assign$ to ,qu9tilian 9 ! xviii lit]ature ( ! p]iod1 t x long held an hon\r$ place 9 ,roman s*ools4 ,b x is curi\s t ! e>lie/ kn[n ref]5ces are n to ! ,in/itutio b to ! ,declamationes4 ,9 an int]e/+ *apt] ( ! ,introduction to a rec5t volume#bg1 ,m4 ,fi]ville has ga!r$ toge!r all ! ref]5ces t occur 9 ! lit]ature ( ! e>ly c5turies ( our era4 ,trebellius ,pollio & ,lactantius 7bo? ( ! #crd c5tury7 speak ( ! ,declamations1 & ,ausonius 7#d? c5tury7 ref]s to ,qu9tilian )\t nam+ 8 writ+s3 ! fir/ def9ite m5tion ( ! ,in/itutio is made by ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s 7di$ #cfg7 & aft]w>ds by ,/4 ,j]ome 7di$ #dbj74 ,lat] ,cassiodorus 7#dfh-efb7 pron\nc$ a eulogy :i* may /& z pro( ( 8 high appreciation3 ,qu9tilianus tam5 doctor egregius1 qui po/ fluvios ,tullianos s+ul>it] valuit impl]e quae docuit1 virum bonum dic5di p]itum a prima aetate suscipi5s1 p] cunctas artes ac discipl9as nobilium litt]>um erudi5dum esse mon/ravit1 quem m]ito ad def5d5dum totius civitatis vota requir]5t 7de ,arte ,rhetor4--,rhet4 ,lat4 ,m941 ed4 ,halm1 p4 #dih74 ,! ,ars ,rhetorica ( ,julius ,victor 7#f? c5tury7 is l>gely borr[$ f ,qu9tilian3 see ,halm1 praef4 p4 ix4 ,isidore1 ,bi%op ( ,seville 7#egj-fcj71 /udi$ ,qu9tilian 9 conjunction ) ,ari/otle & ,cic]o4 ,aft] ! ,d>k ,age1 ,poggio's discov]y1 at ,/4 ,gall 9 #adaf1 ( a complete manuscript ( ,qu9tilian 0 rank$ z "o ( ! mo/ important lit]>y ev5ts 9 :at we "k n[ z ! era ( ! ,r5aissance#bh4 ,! great s*ol>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury work$ h>d at ! em5dation ( ! text4 ,! editio pr9ceps 0 giv5 to ! _w by ,g4 ,a4 ,campani 9 #adgj2 & 9 ! conclud+ words ( 8 preface ! editor reflects some?+ ( ! en?usiasm = 8 au?or :i* _h already be5 express$ by ,petr>*1 ,poggio1 & o!rs1--pro9de de ,qu9tiliano sic habe1 po/ unam beatissimam et unicam felicitatem ,m4 ,tullii1 quae fa/igii loco suspici5da e/ omnibus et tamquam ador&a1 hunc unum esse quem praecipuum hab]e possis 9 eloqu5tia ducem3 quem si assequ]is1 quidquid tibi de]it ad cumulum consummationis id a natura desid]abis non ab arte deposces4 ,?is edition 0 foll[$ 9 rapid succession by v>i\s o!rs1 s t by ! end ( ! #af? c5tury ,qu9tilian _h be5 edit$ a hundr$ times ov]#bi4 ,! #ag? c5tury is n s ri* 9 editions1 b ,qu9tilian /ill reign$ 9 ! s*ools z ! great ma/] ( rhetoric3 /ud5ts ( ,engli% lit]ature xix w rememb] h[ ,milton 7,sonnet xi7 uses ! au?ority ( 8 "n :5 ref]r+ to ! r\ghness ( nor!rn nom5clature3-- ,^? rugg$ names to our l m\?s gr[ sleek ,t w\ld h made ,qu9tilian />e & gasp4 ,9 8 #8,tractate on ,education' too ,milton /rongly recomm5ds ! fir/ two or ?ree books ( ! ,in/itutio4 ,! #ah? c5tury provid$ ! notable editions ( ,burmann 7#agbj71 ,capp]oni] 7#agbe71 ,gesn] 7#agch71 & witness$ also ! comm5cem5t ( ,spald+'s 7#agih-ahaf71 ^: text1 z revis$ by ,zumpt & ,bonnell1 practically held ! field till ! publication ( ,halm's critical edition 7#ahfh74 ,t[>ds ! close ( la/ c5tury x w\ld appe> t ,qu9tilian 0 z mu* /udi$ z he _h ev] be51--probably by _m :o believ$ 91 z well z by "s :o w\ld h reject$ ! application ( ! maxim #8orator nascitur non fit4' ,william ,pitt1 = example1 %ortly aft] 8 arrival at ,cambridge 7#aggc71 & :ile #8/ill b5t on 8 ma9 object ( oratorical excell5ce1' att5d$ a c\rse ( lectures on ,qu9tilian1 :i* caus$ him on "o occasion to int]rupt 8 correspond5ce ) 8 fa!r#cj4 ,8 la/+ popul>ity mu/ h be5 due1 n only to 8 own intr9sic m]its1 b to ! fact t 8 writ+s h>monis$ well ) ! /udies ( ^? days3 x 0 promot$ also by ! s]viceable abridgm5ts ( ! ,in/itutio1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p1 t 7 f "t to "t publi%$1--notably t ( ,*4 ,roll9 9 #agae4 ,9 our own day m5 ^: education 0 m\ld$ on ! old l9es--su* z ,j4 ,s4 ,mill--consid]$ ,qu9tilian an indisp5sable "p ( a s*ol>'s equipm5t4 ,macaulay read him 9 ,india1 along ) ! re/ ( classical lit]ature4 ,"l ,beaconsfield pr(ess$ t he 0 #8v fond ( ,qu9tilian#ca4' ,b by our classical s*ol>s he has be5 almo/ entirely neglect$1 no complete edition hav+ appe>$ 9 ?is c\ntry s9ce a revis$ text 0 issu$ 9 ,london 9 #ahbb4 ,g]man criticism1 on ! o!r h&1 has ( late paid ,qu9tilian special att5tion1 ) conspicu\s results = ! em5dation & illu/ration ( 8 text3 to ! great names ( ,spald+1 ,zumpt1 & ,bonnell1 mu/ be add$ ^? ( ,halm1 ,mei/]1 ,be*]1 ,wlffl91 & ,kid]l94 ,besides ! lit]>y criticism = :i* x has always attract$ att5tion1 & :i* w =m ! subject ( ! next section1 ! ,t5? ,book ( ! ,in/itutio conta9s valuable precepts 9 reg>d to v>i\s practical matt]s :i* are /ill ( z great importance z !y 7 9 ,qu9tilian's day4 ,among ^! are ! practice ( writ+1 ! use ( an amanu5sis1 xx ! art ( revision1 ! limits ( imitation1 ! be/ ex]cises 9 /yle1 ! advantages ( prep>ation1 & ! faculty ( improvisation4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( ,loci ,memoriales 7ma9ly tak5 f ,krg]'s ?ird edition1 pp4 #ajh-aaj7 w give "s idea ( ! v>i\s po9ts on :i*1 especially 9 ! lat] *apt]s ( ! ,t5? ,book1 ,qu9tilian /ates 8 op9ion weightily & (t5 ) epigrammatic t]s5ess3 #a #aab 7p4 #aaj7 ,ille se pr(ecisse sciat cui ,cic]o valde placebit4 #b #d 7p4 #abd7 ,pigri e/ +5ii cont5tum esse iis quae s9t ab aliis inv5ta4 #b #g 7p4 #abe7 ,turpe etiam illud e/1 cont5tum esse id consequi quod imit]is4 #b #h 7p4 #abf7 ,nulla mansit ars qualis inv5ta e/1 nec intra initium /etit4 #b #aj 7pp4 #abf-g7 ,eum v]o nemo pote/ aequ>e cuius ve/igiis sibi utique insi/5dum putat2 necesse e/ enim semp] sit po/]ior qui sequitur4 #b #aj 7p4 #abg7 ,pl]umque facilius e/ plus fac]e quam idem4 #b #ab 7ibid47 ,ea quae 9 oratore maxima sunt imitabilia non sunt1 +5ium1 inv5tio1 vis1 facilitas1 et quidquid arte non traditur4 #b #ah 7p4 #aca7 ,nov]am quosdam qui se pul*re expressisse g5us illud caele/is huius 9 dic5do viri sibi vid]5tur1 si 9 clausula posuiss5t #8esse videatur4' #b #bj 7p4 #acb7 7,praeceptor7 rector e/ ali5orum +5iorum atque =mator4 ,difficilius e/ naturam suam f+]e4 #b #bb 7ibid47 ,sua cuique proposito lex1 suus decor e/4 #b #bd 7p4 #acd7 ,non qui maxime imit&us1 et solus imit&us e/4 #c #b 7p4 #acf7 ,scrib5dum ergo quam dilig5tissime et quam plurimum4 ,nam ut t]ra alte refossa g5]&is al5disque sem9ibus fecundior fit1 sic pr(ectus non a summo petitus /udiorum fructus effundit ub]ius et fidelius cont9et4 #c #b 7p4 #acg7 ,v]ba 9 labris nasc5tia4 #c #c 7ibid47 ,vires faciamus ante omnia1 quae sufficiant labori c]tam9um et usu non exhauriantur4 ,nihil enim r]um ipsa natura voluit magnum effici cito1 praeposuitque pul*]rimo cuique op]i difficultatem4 #c #g 7p4 #aci7 ,omnia no/ra dum nascuntur plac5t1 alioqui nec scrib]5tur4 #c #i 7ibid47 ,primum hoc con/itu5dum1 hoc obt95dum e/1 ut quam optime scribamus3 cel]itatem dabit consuetudo4 #c #aj 7ibid47 ,summa haec e/ rei3 cito scrib5do non fit ut b5e scribatur1 b5e scrib5do fit ut cito4 #c #ae 7p4 #adb7 ,cur&um e/ ut quam optime dicamus1 dic5dum tam5 pro facultate4 #c #bb 7p4 #adf7 ,secretum 9 dict&o p]it4 xxi #c #bf 7p4 #adh7 ,cui 7ac]rimo labori7 non plus inrog&um e/ quam quod somno sup]]it1 haud de]it4 #c #bg 7ibid47 ,abunde1 si vacet1 lucis spatia sufficiunt3 occupatos 9 noctem necessitas agit4 ,e/ tam5 lucubratio1 quoti5s ad eam integri ac refecti v5imus1 optimum secreti g5us4 #c #bi 7ibid47 ,non e/ indulg5dum causis desidiae4 ,nam si non nisi refecti1 non nisi hil>es1 non nisi omnibus aliis curis vacantes /ud5dum exi/im>imus1 semp] erit propt] quod nobis ignoscamus4 #c #ca 7p4 #adi7 ,nihil 9 /udiis p>vum e/4 #d #a 7p4 #aea7 ,em5datio1 p>s /udiorum longe utilissima2 neque enim s9e causa cr$itum e/ /ilum non m9us ag]e1 cum delet4 ,huius autem op]is e/ adic]e1 detrah]e1 mut>e4 #d #d 7p4 #aeb7 ,sit ergo aliqu&o quod placeat aut c]te quod sufficiat1 ut opus poliat lima1 non ext]at4 #e #bc 7p4 #aff7 ,dilig5t] effecta 7sc4 mat]ia7 plus prod]it quam plures in*oatae et quasi degu/atae4 #f #a 7p4 #afg7 ,haec 7sc4 cogitatio7 int] m$ios r]um actus aliquid inv5it vacui nec otium patitur4 #f #b 7p4 #afh7 ,memoriae quoque pl]umque inha]et fidelius quod nulla scrib5di securitate laxatur4 #f #e 7ibid47 ,s$ si =te aliqui int] dic5dum effuls]it extemporalis color1 non sup]/itiose cogitatis demum e/ inha]5dum4 #f #f 7p4 #afi7 ,refut>e temporis mun]a longe /ultissimum e/4 #f #f 7ibid47 ,extemporalem tem]itatem malo quam male coha]5tem cogitationem4 #g #a 7p4 #agj7 ,maximus v]o /udiorum fructus e/ et velut praemium quoddam amplissimum longi laboris ex tempore dic5di facultas4 #g #d 7p4 #aga7 ,p]isse pr(ecto confit5dum e/ praet]itum laborem1 cui semp] idem labor&um e/4 ,neque ego hoc ago ut ex tempore dic]e malit1 s$ ut possit4 #g #ab 7p4 #age7 ,mihi ne dic]e quidem videtur nisi qui disposite1 ornate1 copiose dicit1 s$ tumultu>i4 #g #ae 7p4 #agf7 ,pectus e/ enim1 quod dis]tos facit1 et vis m5tis4 #g #af-ag 7p4 #agg7 ,extemporalis actio auditorum frequ5tia1 ut miles conge/u signorum1 excitatur4 ,namque et difficiliorem cogitationem exprimit et expellit dic5di necessitas1 et secundos impetus auget plac5di cupido4 #g #ah 7ibid47 ,facilitatem quoque extemporalem a p>vis initiis paulatim p]ducemus ad summam1 quae neque p]fici neque cont9]i nisi usu pote/4 #g #bj 7p4 #agh7 ,neque v]o tanta esse umquam fiducia facilitatis xxii debet ut non breve saltem tempus1 quod nusquam f]e de]it1 ad ea quae dicturi sumus dispici5da sumamus4 #g #ba 7p4 #agh7 ,qui /ultis vid]i eruditi volunt1 /ulti eruditis vid5tur4 #g #bd 7p4 #agi7 ,r>um e/ ut satis se quisque v]eatur4 #g #bf 7p4 #ahj7 ,/ud5dum v]o semp] et ubique4 #g #bg 7p4 #ahj-a7 ,neque enim f]e tan e/ ullus dies occupatus ut nihil lucrativae 444 op]ae ad scrib5dum aut leg5dum aut dic5dum rapi aliquo mom5to temporis possit4 #g #bh 7p4 #aha7 ,quidquid loquemur ubicumque sit pro sua scilicet portione p]fectum4 #g #bh 7ibid47 ,scrib5dum c]te numquam e/ magis1 quam cum multa dicemus ex tempore4 #g #bi 7p4 #aha-b7 ,ac nescio an si utrumque cum cura et /udio fec]imus1 invicem prosit1 ut scrib5do dicamus dilig5tius1 dic5do scribamus facilius4 ,scrib5dum ergo quoti5s licebit1 si id non dabitur1 cogit&um2 ab utroque exclusi deb5t tam5 sic dic]e ut neque depreh5sus orator neque litigator de/itutus esse videatur4 ,,iii4 ,qu9tilians's ,lit>y ,criticism4 ,x 0 ! conviction t a cultur$ orator is bett] ?an an orator ) no culture t induc$ ,qu9tilian to devote s consid]able a "p ( ! ,t5? ,book to a review ( ,greek & ,roman lit]ature4 ,he 0 aw>e t 9 ord] to speak ) effect x is necess>y = a man to "k a good deal t lies outside ! scope ( ! p>ticul> case :i* he may und]take to plead2 & :ile ! #8firm facility' at :i* he taught ! orator to aim c\ld only be atta9$ by a v>iety ( ex]cises & qualifications1 a c\rse ( wide & c>eful read+ mu/ always1 he consid]$1 =m "o ( ! factors 9 ! comb9ation4 ,9 judg+ ( ! m]its ( ,qu9tilian's lit]>y criticism we mu/ n =get ! po9t ( view f :i* he wrote4 ,he is n deal+ ) lit]ature 9 & = itself4 ,8 0 n ! ca/ ( m9d 9 :i* ! faculty ( lit]>y appreciation f9ds arti/ic expression 9 ! =m 9 :i* criticism becomes a "p ( lit]ature itself4 ,we _c ?9k ( ! au?or ( ! ,t5? ,book ( ! ,in/itutio z "o :om a div9ely implant$ in/9ct = lit]ature impell$1 t[>ds ! ev5+ ( 8 days1 to leave a record ( ! p]sonal impressions he _h d]iv$ f contact ) ^? :om we n[ recognise z ! ma/]-m9ds ( classical antiquity4 ,qu9tilian writes1 n z ! lit]>y man = a sympa!tic bro!rhood1 b z ! pr(essor ( rhetoric = /ud5ts 9 8 s*ool4 ,if1 9 ! xxiii c\rse ( 8 j & sob]1 b (t5 trite & obvi\s criticisms1 he *>act]ises a writ] 9 language :i* has /ood ! te/ ( "t1 x is always :5 t writ] t\*es 8 ma9 int]e/ mo/ ne>ly1 z "o f :om ! /ud5t ( /yle may le>n mu*4 ,9 %ort1 8 "w 9 ! dep>tm5t ( lit]>y criticism is done mu* 9 ! same _s z t :i*1 9 ^! lat] days1 has mov$ _m sob] & s5sible1 b on ! :ole av]age p]sons1 conv]sant ) ! g5]al curr5t ( contempor>y ?\ght1 & n )\t ! faculty ( appreciative discrim9ation1 to draw up a li/ ( ! #8,be/ ,hundr$ ,books4' ,_! aim1 h[ev]1 has be5 to guide & direct ! "w ( t peculi> product ( mod]n times1 ! #8g5]al read]'3 ,qu9tilian's victim 0 ! pr(ess$ /ud5t ( rhetoric4 ,b ?is limitation1 aris+ p>tly out ( ! special aim :i* he _h impos$ ^u himself1 p>tly1 also1 9 all probability1 f ! con/itution ( 8 own m9d1 ought n to bl9d u to ! value ( ! compreh5sive review ( anci5t lit]ature :i* ,qu9tilian has left u 9 ?is ,t5? ,book4 8,8 lit]>y sympa?ies are extraord9>ily wide4 ,:5 oblig$ to condemn1 z 9 ! case ( ,s5eca1 he be/[s g5]\s & ev5 extravagant praise on su* m]it z he c f9d4 ,he c cordially admire ev5 ,sallu/1 ! true f\nta9-head ( ! /yle :i* he combats1 :ile he w n suff] ,lucilius to lie "u ! asp]sions ( ,horace4444 ,! judgm5ts :i* he passes may be 9 _m in/ances traditional1 b1 look+ to all ! circum/ances ( ! "t1 x seems rem>kable t !re %\ld !n h liv$ at ,rome a s+le man :o c\ld make !m 8 own & give !m expression4 ,! =m 9 :i* ^! judgm5ts are r5d]$ is admirable4 ,! g5tle ju/ness ( ! s5tim5ts is accompani$ by a curi\s felicity ( phrase4 ,:o c =get ! #8immortal swiftness ( ,sallu/1' or ! #8milky ri*ness ( ,livy1' or h[ #8,horace so>s n[ & !n1 & is full ( sweetness & grace1 & 9 8 v>i$ =ms & phrases is mo/ =tunately bold'8 ,anci5t lit]>y criticism p]haps t\*$ its highe/ po9ts 9 ! h&s ( ,qu9tilian40#cb ,! c\rse ( read+ :i* ,qu9tilian recomm5ds is select$ ) express ref]5ce to ! aim :i* he _h 9 view1 & :i* is put prom95tly =w>d 9 connection ) ne>ly e individual criticism4 ,! "y man :o aspires to success 9 speak+ mu/ h 8 ta/e =m$3 :5 he reads ,hom]1 let him note t1 great poet z ,hom] is1 & admirable 9 e respect1 he is also oratoria virtute em95tissimus 7#a #df74 ,alcaeus is pl]umque oratori similis 7#a #fc73 ,euripides is1 on t gr\nd1 to be pref]r$ to ,sophocles 7#a #fg73 ,lucan is magis oratoribus quam poetis imit&us 7#a #gj73 & ! old ,greek com$y is xxiv specially recomm5d$ z a =m ( poetry #8?an :i* probably none is bett] suit$ to =m ! orator' 7#a #fe74 ,) ! prose writ]s ,qu9tilian is ?or\ghly at home1 & he n[h]e lets 9 s mu* light on 8 own sympa?ies z 9 ! e/imates he gives u ( ,cic]o 7#a #aje-aab7 & ,s5eca 7#a #abe-aca74 ,8 criticism ( ,cic]o is precisely :at might h be5 expect$ f ! g5]al tone ( ! ref]5ces ?r\gh\t ! ,in/itutio4 ,cic]o is ,qu9tilian's model1 to :om he looks up ) rev]5tial admiration3 he w n he> ( 8 faults4 ,9 8 own day ! great orator _h be5 attack$ by ,attici/s ( ! sev]] type = ! ri*ness ( 8 /yle & ! excessive att5tion :i* !y alleg$ t he paid to rhy?m4 ,! #8pla9ness' ( ,lysias 0 _! ideal1 & !y fail$ to recognise ! fact t1 ) ! m limit$ res\rces ( ! ,lat9 language1 su* simplicity & cond5sation w\ld be p]il\sly ne> to baldness 7cp4 note on #a #aje74 ,cic]o !y reg>d$ z an ,asiani/ 9 disguise2 9 ! words ( 8 devot$ foll[]1 !y 8d>$ to c5sure him z unduly turgid & ,asiatic & r$undant2 z too mu* giv5 to repetition1 & sometimes insipid 9 8 witticisms2 & z spiritless1 diffuse1 & 7save ! m>k67 ev5 effem9ate 9 8 arrangem5t0 7,in/4 ,or4 xii4 #aj1 #ab1 quot$ on #a #aje74 ,t ?is criticism _h n be5 =gott5 9 ,qu9tilian's own day is obvi\s n only f ! ,in/itutio b also f ! discussion 9 ! ,dialogus de ,oratoribus1 :]e ,ap] is repres5t$ z say+ 8,we "k t ev5 ,cic]o 0 n )\t 8 disp>ag]s1 :o ?\ght him inflat$1 turgid1 n suffici5tly concise1 b unduly diffuse & luxuriant1 & f> f ,attic0 7*4 #ah74 ,to su* detractors ( 8 great model ,qu9tilian w h no?+ to say1 & 9 8 criticism ( ,cic]o he gives full expression to 8 en?usia/ic admiration = ! g5ius ( "o :o _h br\ght eloqu5ce to ! highe/ p9nacle ( p]fection 7vi4 #ca ,lat9ae eloqu5tiae pr9ceps3 cp4 x4 #a #aje-aab3 xii4 #a1 #bj /etisse ipsum 9 fa/igio eloqu5tiae fateor3 #aj1 #ab sqq4 9 omnibus quae 9 quoque laudantur em95tissimum74 ,) su* an absorb+ en?usiasm = ,cic]o1 x 0 h>dly to be expect$ t ,qu9tilian w\ld %[ an adequate appreciation ( ,s5eca4 ,s5eca's influ5ce 0 ! great ob/acle 9 ! way ( a g5]al return to ! classical tradition ( ! ,gold5 ,age1 & ?is 0 ! lit]>y re=m :i* ,qu9tilian _h at he>t--corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dic5di g5us revoc>e ad sev]iora iudicia cont5do x4 #a1 #abe4 ,x is probable t1 9 spite ( ! appe>ance ( c&\r :i* he assumes 9 deal+ ) him1 ,qu9tilian approa*$ ,s5eca ) a c]ta9 degree ( prejudice#cc4 ,qu9tilian repres5ts ! lit]ature ( erudition1 & 8 xxv /&>d is ! be/ ( :at _h be5 done 9 ! pa/3 ,s5eca 01 l ,lucan1 ! *ild ( a new era1 to :om x seem$ p]fectly natural t new ?\ghts %\ld f9d utt]ance 9 new =ms ( expression4 ,s5eca's motto 0 #8nullius nom5 f]o1'--he gave free re9 to ! play ( 8 fancy1 & reject$ all me?od#cd3 ,qu9tilian look$ ) horror 79 ! int]e/ ( 8 pupils7 on a lib]ty t 0 s ne> to lic5ce1 & set himself to *eck x by recall+ m5's m9ds to ! #8good old ways1' & extoll+ ,cic]o z ! synonym = eloqu5ce itself4 ,9 su* a conflict ( ta/es z reg>ds ?+s lit]>y1 & ap>t f ! ambigu\s "* ( ,s5eca's p]sonal c>e]1 x is n surpris+ t ,qu9tilian %\ld h be5 unfav\rably dispos$ t[>ds him4 ,he _h a grudge1 moreov]1 aga9/ philosoph]s 9 g5]al1 especially ! ,/oics4 ,!y _h encroa*$ on :at 8 compreh5sive s*eme ( education impell$ him to believe 0 ! prov9ce ( ! tea*] ( rhetoric1--! moral tra9+ ( ! future orator#ce4 ,he 0 morbidly anxi\s to %[ t rhetoric /ood 9 ne$ ( no extrane\s assi/ance3 ev5 ! #8grammatici' he tea*es to "k _! prop] place 7see esp4 i4 #i1 #f74 ,b x 0 ma9ly1 no d\bt1 z repres5t+ c]ta9 lit]>y t5d5cies ( :i* he disapprov$ t ,s5eca mu/ h incurr$ ,qu9tilian's c5sure4 ,x is probable t 9 _m passages ( ! ,in/itutio1 :]e he is n specially nam$1 x is ,s5eca t is 9 ! writ]'s m9d3 ! tone ( ! ref]5ces corresponds 9 sev]al po9ts ) ! fam\s passage ( ! ,t5? ,book#cf4 ,9 ?is passage xxvi ,qu9tilian is evid5tly putt+ =w>d ! :ole =ce ( 8 au?ority 9 ord] to c\nt]act ,s5eca's influ5ce4 ,he has kept him wait+ 9 a m>k$ mann]1 to ! v end ( 8 lit]>y review3 & :5 he comes to deal ) him he does n conf9e 8 criticism to a few words or phrases1 b devotes ne>ly z mu* space to him z he did to ,cic]o himself4 ,9 8 e/imate ( ,s5eca no?+ is m rem>kable ?an ! c>eful mann] 9 :i* ,qu9tilian m+les praise & blame4 ,b ! praise is reluctant & half-he>t$3 x is ,s5eca's faults t 8 critic wi%es to make prom95t4 ,he admits 8 ability 7+5ium facile et copiosum #abh71 & ev5 goes ! l5g? ( say+ t x w\ld be well if 8 imitators c\ld rise to 8 level 7=et enim opt&um p>es ac saltem proximos illi viro fi]i #abg74 ,b praise is no soon] giv5 ?an x is imm$iately recall$4 ,x 0 8 faults t secur$ imitators = ,s5eca 7placebat propt] sola vitia ib472 if he 0 di/+ui%$ = wide k 7plurimum /udii1 multa r]um cognitio #abh71 he 0 (t5 misl$ by ^? :o assi/$ him 9 8 rese>*es2 if !re is mu* t is good 9 him1 #8mu* ev5 to admire' 7multa 444 prob&a 9 eo1 multa etiam admir&a sunt #aca71 /ill x requires pick+ out4 ,9 %ort1 s dang]\s a model is he1 t he %\ld be read only by ^? :o h come to maturity1 & !n n s mu*1 evid5tly1 = improvem5t1 z = ! reason t x is good to #8see bo? sides1'--quod ex]c]e pote/ utrimque iudicium1 ib4 ,x has already be5 sugge/$ t ! secret ( a great "p ( ,qu9tilian's antipa?y to ,s5eca may h be5 8 dislike ( ! philosoph]s1 :om 8 imp]ial patrons f\nd x necess>y f "t to "t to suppress4 ,he 0 anxi\s to exalt rhetoric at ! exp5se ( philosophy4 ,b he 0 no d\bt also hone/ly ( op9ion--& 8 position z an in/ructor ( y\? w\ld make him feel b\nd to express 8 view di/9ctly--t ,s5eca 0 a dang]\s model = ! budd+ orator to imitate4 ,8 m]its 7 _m & great3 b 8 peculi>ities l5t !mselves readily to degradation4 ,qu9tilian wi%$ to put =w>d a c\nt]bla/ to ! fa%ionable t5d5cy ( ! day1 & to recall--9 _! own int]e/s--to sev]] models ,s5eca's y\?ful imitators1--^? ( :om he writes ad ea 7i4e4 eius vitia7 se quisque dirigebat eff+5da1 quae pot]at2 de9de quum se iact>et eodem modo dic]e1 ,s5ecam infamabat #abg4 ,s5eca 0 ( c\rse n responsible = ! exagg]ations ( 8 imitators1 & ,qu9tilian w\ld nev] h enc\rag$ 9 8 pupils exclusive devotion to any p>ticul> model1 especially if t model 7 *>act]is$ by su* peculi> features ( /yle z di/+ui%$ ,sallu/ or ,tacitus4 ,b he c\ld n =give xxvii ,s5eca = 8 %>e 9 ! reaction aga9/ ,cic]o#cg4 ,admir]s ( ,s5eca ?9k t he fail$ to make all[ance = ! influ5ces at "w on ! philosoph]'s /yle1 & t he judg$ him too mu* f ! /&po9t ( a rhetorician4 ,!y admit ,s5eca's faults--8 t5d5cy to declamation1 ! want ( balance 9 8 /yle1 8 excessive subtlety1 8 affectation1 8 want ( me?od3 b !y cont5d t ^! faults are comp5sat$ by /ill great] virtues#ch4 ,m4 ,ro*eblave1 :o possesses ! appreciation ( ,s5eca traditional among ,fr5*m51 foll[s ,did]ot 9 incl9+ to believe t ! philosoph] 0 ! victim ( envy & dislike#ci4 ,= himself he prote/s 9 ! foll[+ t]ms aga9/ :at he consid]s ! inadequacy ( ,qu9tilian's e/imate3 #8,da mihi quemvis ,annaei librorum ign>um1 et dicito num ex i/is ,qu9tiliani laudibus non modo p]spic]e1 s$ suspic>i etiam possit quanto sapi5tiae doctr9aeque gradu /et]it scriptor qui 9 tota lat9a facundia optima s5s]it1 humanissima docu]it1 maxima et multo plurima excogitav]it1 ita ut1 multis ex antiqua morali philosophia seu graeca seu lat9a depromptis1 adiectis pluribus1 potu]it 9 unum propriumque saporem omnia illa quasi sapi5tiae humanae libam5ta confund]e8 ,cr$isne a tali lectore scriptorem vivo gurgite exundantem1 s5sibus scat5tem1 leg5tes 9 p]petuas rapi5tem cogitationes1 eum d5ique quem ob vim animi +5iique acum5 iure anteponat ,tullio ,montanius no/]#dj1 prot9us agnitum iri8 444facile cr$o pusillas ,fabii laudes multum infra viri m]itum /etisse 7quod detrectationis sit tutissimum g5us7 omnes mecum confessuros' 7pp4 #dd-e74 ,:e!r !y 7 altoge!r des]v$ or n1 !re c be no d\bt xxviii t ! /rictures made by s great a lit]>y lead] z ,qu9tilian 0 9 8 own day mu/ h greatly contribut$ to ! ov]?r[ ( ,s5eca's influ5ce4 ,!re is m ?an "o indication1 9 ! lit]ature ( ! next g5]ation1 t he is no long] reg>d$ z a safe model = imitation4 ,tacitus1 9 report+ ! panegyric :i* ,n]o deliv]$ on ,claudius aft] 8 dea?1 & :i* 0 ! "w ( ,s5eca1 says t x display$ mu* grace ( /yle 7multum cultus71 z 0 to be expect$ f "o :o possess$ +5ium amo5um et temporis eius auribus accommodatum 7,ann4 xiii4 #c74 ,suetonius tell u h[ ,caligula disp>ag$ ! l5ius comtiusque scrib5di g5us :i* ,s5eca repres5t$2 & "h 7,calig4 #ec7 occurs a simil> ref]5ce to a fame t _h pass$ away1--,s5ecam tum maxime plac5tem1 j z ! eld] ,pl9y1 writ+ ab\t ! "t ( ,s5eca's dea?1 speaks ( him z pr9ceps tum eruditorum 7,nat4 ,hi/4 xiv4 #ea74 ,lat] writ]s1 su* z ,fronto & ,aulus ,gellius#da 7 mu* m unres]v$ & ev5 immod]ate 9 _! c5sure4 ,& x is a rem>kable fact 7not$ by ,m4 ,ro*eblave7 t ! "n ( ! great ,/oic n[h]e occurs 9 ! writ+s ( 8 successors1 ,epictetus & ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,he :o _h be5 ! greate/ lit]>y ornam5t ( ,n]o's reign disappe>s almo/ f notice 9 ! second c5tury4 ,9 reg>d to ! g5]al body ( ,qu9tilian's lit]>y criticism1 ! "q ( greate/ int]e/ = mod]n read]s is ! degree ( its orig9ality4 ,h[ f> is ,qu9tilian giv+ u 8 own indep5d5t judgm5ts on ! writ+s ( au?ors :om he _h read at fir/ h&8 ,h[ f> is he m]ely regi/]+ curr5t criticism1 :i* mu/ already h f\nd m or less def9ite expression 9 ! writ+s & tea*+ ( previ\s rhetoricians & gramm>ians8 ,! circum/ances ( ! case make x impossible = u to approa* ! special que/ions :i* x involves ) any great prejudice 9 fav\r ( ,qu9tilian's orig9ality 9 g5]al4 ,! ext5t ( 8 indebt$ness to previ\s writ]s1 z reg>ds ! ma9 body ( 8 "w1 may be inf]r$ f a glance at ! #8,index scriptorum et artificum' 9 ,halm's edition4 ,9 _m places he is m]ely simplify+ ! rules ( ! ,greek rhetoricians :om he foll[$4 ,probably he 0 n equally well up 9 all ! dep>tm5ts ( ! subject ( :i* he treats1 & he naturally reli$1 to "s ext5t1 on ! works ( ^? :o _h prec$$ him4 ,b did he take 8 lit]>y criticism f o!rs8 ,0 ,qu9tilian "o ( ^? repreh5sible p]sons :o d n scruple to borr[1 & to give =? z _! own1 ! e/imate =m$ & express$ xxix by "s "o else ( au?ors ^: works !y may nev] !mselves h read8 ,9 endeav\r+ to f9d an answ] to ?is "q1 x w be conv5i5t to consid] ,qu9tilian's criticism ( ! ,greek writ]s ap>t f t :i* he applies to 8 own c\ntrym51 ) ^: works he might a priori be expect$ to be m famili>4 ,! notes to t "p ( ! ,t5? ,book 9 :i* he deals ) ,greek lit]ature 7#a #df-hd7 w %[ too _m in/ances ( p>allelism = u to believe t1 9 address+ himself to ?is portion ( 8 subject1 ,qu9tilian scrupul\sly avoid$ incurr+ any obligations to o!rs#db4 ,no d\bt 9 8 long c>e] z a tea*] he _h come into contact ) traditional op9ion z to ! m]its & *>act]i/ics n only ( ! ,greek b also ( ! ,lat9 writ]s2 & 9 ! two ye>s :i* he tells u he devot$ to ! composition ( ! ,in/itutio#dc he may /ill fur!r h increas$ 8 debt to extrane\s s\rces4 ,x 0 9 fact impossible t ,qu9tilian %\ld h be5 unaw>e ( ! nature ( ! criticism curr5t 9 8 own day1 & ( :at _h previ\sly be5 said & writt5 by o!rs4 ,b he is n to be ?\ght ( z "o :o1 be=e indicat+ 8 op9ion ( a p>ticul> writ]1 c>efully ref]s1 n to t writ]'s works1 b to ! op9ion ( o!rs conc]n+ !m4 ,! cases 9 :i* he reproduces1 9 v simil> language1 ! v]dict ( o!rs are n always to be expla9$ on ! hypo!sis ( consci\s borr[+#dd4 ,! co9cid5ces :i* c be trac$ c]ta9ly d detract f ! orig9ality ( 8 "w4 xxx ,b we d n ne$ to believe t1 9 writ+ 8 individual criticisms1 ,qu9tilian always _h rec\rse to ! works ( o!rs3 he no d\bt _h !m at h&1 & 8 c>e] z a tea*] _h probably impress$ on 8 memory _m dicta :i* he c\ld h>dly fail to reproduce1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 :5 he came to ga!r toge!r ! results ( 8 tea*+4 ,lit]>y criticism at ,rome be=e ,qu9tilian's "t is associat$ ma9ly ) ! names ( ,v>ro1 ,cic]o1 & ,horace#de4 ,v>ro 0 ! au?or ( num]\s works be>+ on ! hi/ory & criticism ( lit]ature3 su* 7 8 de ,poetis1 de ,poematis1 1 de ,actionibus ,sca5icis1 ,quae/iones ,plaut9ae4 ,our k ( _! scope & "* is h[ev] d]iv$ only by inf]5ce f a few scatt]$ fragm5ts1 & 9 reg>d to ^! x is impossible to say def9itely to :i* ( 8 treatises !y sev]ally belong4 ,qu9tilian's ref]5ces to 8 lit]>y activity z well z 8 great le>n+ 7vir ,romanorum eruditissimus x4 #a1 #ie71 & ! quotation ( 8 e/imate ( ,plautus 7ib4 #ii71 are suffici5t evid5ce t he 0 n unacqua9t$ ) ,v>ro's writ+s4 ,cic]o he knew probably bett] ?an he knew any o!r au?or3 ! ext5t ( 8 indebt$ness to su* works z ! ,brutus may be inf]r$ f ! p>allelisms :i* occur 9 8 treatm5t ( ! ,attic orators 7x4 #a1 #gf-hj74 ,he diss5ts expressly f ,horace's e/imate ( ,lucilius 7ib4 #id73 & ! frequ5cy ( 8 ref]5ces to o!r lit]>y judgm5ts ( ,horace 7cp4 #bd1 #ef1 #fa1 #fc7 %[s t he mu/ h be5 9 ! habit ( illu/rat+ 8 tea*+ by quotations f ! works ( t cultur$ critic ( lit]ature & life4 ,b ! au?or ) :om ,qu9tilian's lit]>y criticism has mo/ 9 common is und\bt$ly ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus4 ,x is true t 9 ! ,t5? ,book he n[h]e expressly m5tions him2 b ref]5ces to him by "n z an au?ority on rhetorical matt]s are common en\gh 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,in/itutio#df4 ,qu9tilian no d\bt knew 8 works well1 especially t :i* orig9ally consi/$ ( ?ree books #dg4 ,! second book ( ?is treatise has long be5 kn[n to s*ol>s xxxi 9 ! %ape ( a fragm5t>y epitome1 :i* pres5ts s _m /rik+ resemblances to ! lit]>y judgm5ts conta9$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,qu9tilian's ,t5? ,book1 t e>ly comm5tators1 su* z1 = in/ance1 ,h4 ,/ephanus1 conclud$ t ,qu9tilian _h borr[$ freely f ! e>li] writ]3 multa h9c etiam mutuatum con/at2 quibus modo nom9e suppresso pro suis utitur1 modo addito v]bo putant sua non esse decl>at4 ,! p>allelisms 9 "q 7 fully drawn out by ,clauss5 9 ! "w m5tion$ above1 ?\gh ,us5] ju/ly rem>ks t he wrongly includes a good deal t 0 ! common prop]ty n only ( ,dionysius & ,qu9tilian1 b ( ! :ole le>n$ _w ( ! day3 !y w all be f\nd duly record$ 9 ! notes to ?is edition1 #a #df-hd4 ,! g5]al resemblances betwe5 ,qu9tilian & ,dionysius are app>5t 9 _! ord] ( treatm5t4 ,9 8 introduction to ! ,iudicium de ,?ucydide1 ! latt] sets =? ! plan ( 8 second book 9 t]ms :i* pres5t _m po9ts ( analogy ) ! s*eme ( ! ,t5? ,book ( ! ,in/itutio3 444 444 1 1 1 1 444 4 ,9 l mann] ,qu9tilian1 address+ himself ?r\gh\t to "y m5 aspir+ to success z public speak]s1 enum]ates ! v>i\s au?ors :o seem to be fit subjects = read+ & imitation4 ,:ile admitt+ t "s b5efit may be d]iv$ f almo/ e writ] 7#a #eg71 he conf9es himself to ! mo/ di/+ui%$ 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( lit]ature 7#dd paucos enim1 qui sunt em95tissimi1 exc]p]e 9 animo e/72 & ev5 ) reg>d to ^! he w>ns 8 read]s1 z ,dionysius does1 t !y are n to imitate all _! *>act]i/ics1 b only :at is good 7#a #bd3 #b #ad-ae74 ,! ord] ( treatm5t is almo/ id5tical 9 ! two writ]s4 ,fir/ come ! poets1 ) ! writ]s ( epic poetry at _! head3 ^! are n only nam$ 9 ! same ord] 7,hom]1 ,hesiod1 ,antima*us1 ,panyasis71 b !y are comm5d$ 9 v simil> t]ms4 ,b if ,qu9tilian _h be5 translat+ directly f ,dionysius1 x is v probable t he w\ld h m5tion$ him by "n1 in/ead ( conceal+ 8 obligations xxxii by ! use ( su* a phrase z putant 79 speak+ ( ,panyasis--see note on #ed74 ,if he goes on to add "s criticisms :i* are n 9 ,dionysius1 viz4 on ,apollonius ,rhodius1 ,aratus1 ,!ocritus1 & to m5tion also ,pis&]1 ,nic&]1 & ,euphorion1 x is ) ! express intimation t !y d n rank 9 ! canon fix$ by ! grammatici1--! v reason = :i* ^! writ]s _h be5 omitt$ by ,dionysius4 ,! ,greek rhetorician says no?+ ( ! elegiac & iambic poets m5tion$ by ,qu9tilian1--! =m] 9 g5]al t]ms 7pr9ceps habetur ,callima*us1 secundas confessione plurimorum ,philetas occupavit #eh71 ! latt] ) express ref]5ce to ! judgm5t ( ,ari/>*us on ! great ,ar*ilo*us 7#ei7dh4 ,9 treat+ ( ! lyric poets1 ,qu9tilian m5tions ! numb] n9e 7#fa71 :i* ,dionysius does n2 b z reg>ds ! sub/ance ( 8 criticisms1 he is aga9 almo/ 9 exact agreem5t ) 8 pr$ecessor4 ,bo? ref] to ,p9d>1 ,/esi*orus1 ,alcman1 & ,simonides1 ) ! trifl+ diff]5ce t 9 ,dionysius ,simonides comes second in/ead ( f\r? on ! li/4 ,9 #fe ,qu9tilian proce$s to deal ) ! ,old ,com$y1 :i* f9ds no place 9 ! treatise ( ,dionysius1 z we n[ h x4 ,& !re is v little t corresponds ) ,dionysius 9 ! sections on ,aes*ylus1 ,sophocles1 & ,euripides4 ,b x is noticeable t 9 bo? ,euripides is made to =m ! transition to ,m5&] & ! ,new ,com$y4 ,9 reg>d to ! poets1 !n1 x seems probable t1 :ile ,qu9tilian 0 no d\bt famili> ) ! "w ( ,dionysius1 he is r incorporat+ 9 8 criticism ! traditions ( ! lit]>y s*ools ?an borr[+ directly f a s+le pr$ecessor4 ,clauss5 0 ( op9ion t ! latt] is ! true /ate ( ! case1 & he ev5 goes s f> 7p4 #cdh7 z to suppose t ! orig9al "w ( ,dionysius 7( :i* ! treatise long kn[n z ! or ! ,de ,vet]um ,c5sura is only a fragm5t>y epitome7 mu/ h conta9$ notices ( ! elegiac & iambic poets correspond+ ) ^? 9 ,qu9tilian1 z well z ( ! old comic dramati/s & ( additional repres5tatives ( ! ,new ,com$y4 ,b a comp>ison ( ! v>i\s passages on :i* a judgm5t may be bas$ seems to make x c]ta9 t1 :ile tak+ advantage ( 8 k ( previ\s lit]>y criticism 7scraps ( :i* he may h accumulat$ = tea*+ purposes dur+ 8 long c>e]71 he is n slavi%ly foll[+ any s+le au?ority#di3 cp4 #eb datur palma 7,hesiodo17 xxxiii #ec grammaticorum cons5sus1 #ed ord9em a grammaticis datum1 #eh pr9ceps habetur & confessione plurimorum1 #ei ex tribus receptis ,ari/>*i iudicio scriptoribus iamborum1 #fd quidam 7probably includ+ ,dionysius71 #fg int] plurimos qua]itur1 #gb cons5su 444 omnium4 ,& ! tone & sub/ance ( 8 e/imate ( ,hom]1 ( ,euripides1 & ( ,m5&]#ej1 seem to %[ t he 0 prep>$ to rely1 :5 necess>y1 on 8 own indep5d5t judgm5t 7cp4 meo quidem iudicio #fi71 especially 9 deal+ ) ! poets :o w\ld be ( greate/ s]vice = 8 pr(ess$ purpose4 ,9 bo? ,dionysius & ,qu9tilian ! poets are foll[$ by ! hi/orians4 ,! ord] 9 ,dionysius is ,h]odotus1 ,?ucydides1 ,x5ophon1 ,phili/us1 & ,!opompus2 9 ,qu9tilian1 ,?ucydides1 ,h]odotus1 ,!opompus1 ,phili/us1--) %ort notices ( ,ephorus1 ,clit>*us & ,timag5es4 ,! ins]tion ( ! ?ree additional names1 & ! prec$5ce giv5 to ,!opompus1 are n ! only po9ts 9 :i* ,qu9tilian diff]s "h f ,dionysius1 :o is kn[n 9 ?is case to h limit$ himself to ! five names 9 "q 7,epi/4 ad ,pomp4 #gfg ,r3 ,us5]1 p4 #ej1 #aj73 ,x5ophon is by ,qu9tilian expressly po/pon$ = treatm5t among ! philosoph]s4 ,9 ?is he probably foll[$ an old] tradition1 :i* surviv$ also else:]e4 ,cic]o speaks ( ,x5ophon z a philosoph] 7de ,orat4 ii4 #eh73 9 ,diog5es ,la]tius 7ii4 #dh7 x is said ( him --a rem>k :i* ,us5] 7p4 #aac7 ?9ks 0 probably d]iv$ f "s libr>y li/ 9 :i* ,x5ophon 0 rank$ among ! writ]s ( philosophy2 & ,dio ,*ryso/om 7,or4 xviii47 omits him f 8 li/ ( ! hi/orians1 & includes him 9 t ( ! ,socratics4 ,^! discrepancies may be reli$ on to disprove ,clauss5's allegation t ,dionysius's treatise is ,qu9tilian's primus et praecipuus fons4 ,x is q z probable t1 9 deal+ ) ! hi/orians1 he _h be=e him ! passage 9 ! second book ( ,cic]o's ,orator1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made 7#ee sq474 ,!re ,cic]o m5tions ,h]odotus1 ,?ucydides1 ,phili/us1 ,!opompus1 & ,ephorus1 ) ! addition ( ,x5ophon1 ,calli/h5es & ,timaeus4 ,he may also h _h at h& ! great orator's lo/ treatise ,hort5sius1 two fragm5ts ( :i* conta9 %ort *>act]isations ( ,h]odotus1 ,?ucydides1 ,phili/us1 ,!opompus1 & ,ephorus#ea3 9 writ+ x ,cic]o probably foll[$ "s li/ simil> xxxiv to ^? :i* 7 accessible bo? to ,dionysius & ,qu9tilian#eb4 ,aga9 !re is suffici5t resemblance "h betwe5 ,qu9tilian & ,dio ,*ryso/om 7z also 9 reg>d to ,euripides & ,m5&]3 ,dio ,*r4 #f1 p4 #dgg sq47 to ju/ify ! supposition t !y foll[$ ! same tradition4 ,dio expressly elevates ,!opompus to ! second rank 7#aj1 p4 #dgi71 44 ,) ?is comp>e ,qu9tilian's words3 ,!opompus 8 proximus ut 9 hi/oria pra$ictis m9or1 ita oratori magis similis 7#gd74 ,ephorus1 on ! o!r h&1 is expressly elim9at$ by ,dio4 ,x is p]haps 9 deal+ ) ! orators t ,qu9tilian gives ! sure/ pro(s t he is n foll[+ any individual guide4 ,! p>allel passages cit$ 9 ! notes to #gf-hj are by no means conf9$ to ! writ+s ( ,dionysius1 ?\gh "h aga9 words & phrases occur 7see esp4 ! note on hone/i /udiosus1 9 compositione adeo dilig5s1 c41 #gi7 :i* seem to sugge/ t ,qu9tilian mu/ h kept a common-place book into :i* he #8convey$' po9ts :i* /ruck him z j or appropriate 9 ! lit]>y criticism ( o!rs#ec4 ,unlike ,dionysius1 h[ev]1 he ref]s to ! canon ( ! t5 orators 7#gf7 :i* ! rec5t "w ( ,brzoska1 foll[+ ,a4 ,reiff]s*eid1 has %[n to h orig9at$ n ) ! critics ( ,alex&ria1 b ) ^? ( ,p]gamum#ed4 ,x is noticeable t ! five orators :om ,qu9tilian selects = notice out ( ?is canon are id5tical ) ^? enum]at$1 9 rev]se ord]1 by ,cic]o1 de ,orat4 iii4 #bh4 ,9 _! treatm5t ( ! philosoph]s1 ! *ief po9t 9 common betwe5 ,dionysius & ,qu9tilian is t bo? put ,plato & ,x5ophon be=e ,ari/otle4 ,&1 ?\gh !y agree g5]ally 9 ! t]ms 9 :i* !y speak ( ,ari/otle1 !re is no o!r notewor?y co9cid5ce4 ,! section on ,!ophra/us & ! ,/oics has no?+ correspond+ to x 9 ,dionysius3 "h1 z else:]e 9 ! acc\nt ( philosophy1 ,cic]o 0 laid "u contribution4 ,we may inf]1 !n1 on ! :ole1 t 9 reg>d to 8 judgm5ts ( ! ,greek writ]s ,qu9tilian foll[$ ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ! lit]>y s*ools1 & incorporat$ ) ! expression ( 8 own op9ion mu* t 0 traditional 9 _! ?\ght & phraseology4 ,he _c be suppos$ to h foll[$ any s+le au?ority3 he mu/ r be consid]$ to h glean$ 9 ! :ole field ( ! lit]ature ( criticism f xxxv ,!ophra/us 7x4 #a1 #bg7 d[n to 8 own day4 ,he accept$ f o!rs1 ) probably few modifications1 ! approv$ li/s ( poets1 hi/orians1 orators1 & philosoph]s1 & adopt$ ! conv5tional practice ( writ+ c>eful & well-consid]$ criticisms ^u !m--8some:at cut & dri$ criticisms10 z ,pr(4 ,nettle%ip says ( ,dionysius1 8:i* seldom lack sanity1 c>e1 & insight1 b :i* are r dang]\sly suit$ = le>n+ by he>t & h&+ on to future g5]ations ( pupils40 ,^! li/s ( #8classical' writ]s may probably be trac$ back1 9 ! ma91 to ! lit]>y activity ( ! critics ( ,alex&ria4 ,!y w\ld no d\bt be well kn[n to ! ,greek rhetoricians :o 7 at "w on ! education ( ! ,roman y\? z e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c41 & may h s]v$ z ! basis ( _! prelections to _! pupils4 ,criticism 7 1 7 0 an ess5tial "p ( ! (fice ( ! #8grammaticus#ee4' ,9 speak+ ( 8 duties1 :i* fall "u ! two ma9 heads ( recte loqu5di sci5tia & poet>um en>ratio1 ,qu9tilian adds 7i4 #d1 #c73 et mixtum 8 omnibus iudicium e/2 quo quidem ita sev]e sunt usi vet]es grammatici ut non v]sus modo c5soria quadam virgula not>e et libros1 qui falso vid]5tur inscripti1 tamquam subditos submov]e familia p]mis]9t sibi1 s$ auctores alios 9 ord9em r$eg]9t1 alios omn9o exem]9t num]o4 ,beg9n+ ) a critical exam9ation ( individual texts1 ! #8grammatici' ga!r$ up ! results ( _! "w1 on ! lit]>y side1 9 %ort *>act]isations ( ! v>i\s writ]s :om !y made ! subject ( _! /udy1 & f9ally drew up li/s ( ! be/ au?ors 9 ea* dep>tm5t ( lit]ature1 ) a c>eful indication ( _! good po9ts z well z ( ! features 9 :i* !y 7 n to be us$ z models4 ,?is process receiv$ a m or less f9al =m at ! h&s ( ,ari/ophanes ( ,byzantium & 8 foll[] ,ari/>*us 7see on x4 #a1 #ed71 ! latt] ( :om probably introduc$ su* modifications 9 ! li/ ( 8 pr$ecessor z approv$ !mselves to 8 own judgm5t 7cp4 x4 #a1 #ei tres receptos ,ari/>*i iudicio scriptores iamborum74 ,! influ5ce ( ?is me?od 9 ,roman lit]ature may be se51 e>ly 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 9 ! s-call$ #8canon' ( ,volcatius ,s$igitus1 pres]v$ by ,gellius 7#ae1 #bd7ef3 he makes a li/ ( t5 ,lat9 com$ians1 on ! analogy ( ! canon ( ! t5 ,attic orators4 ,! li/ ( ! ,alex&r9e critics 0 probably 9 ! h&s ( ,cic]o1 z ,us5] has %[n 7pp4 #aad-abf71 :5 he wrote 8 #8,hort5sius1'--a treatise :i* seems to h orig9ally conta9$ an introductory sket* ( ! great contributors to ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts xxxvi ( lit]ature1 by way ( prep>ation = ! ma9 purpose ( ! dialogue1--! praise ( philosophy#eg4 ,!n !re is ,dio ,*ryso/om1 a writ] :o fl\ri%$ n long aft] ,qu9tilian himself1 & ^: reproduction ( simil> judgm5ts has already be5 not$4 ,su* div]g5ces z occur may probably be acc\nt$ =1 at lea/ 9 "p1 by ! diff]5t po9ts ( view f :i* ! v>i\s critics wrote4 ,9 ! prelim9>y sket* 9 ! ,hort5sius ! object seems to h be5 n ! education ( y\? b ! recreation ( maturity3 ,dio draws a c>eful di/9ction betwe5 ! bran*es :i* s]ve = ! /ud5t ( rhetoric1 & ^? :i* may be expect$ to b5efit & delight m5 :o h f9i%$ _! /udies3 ,qu9tilian's aim1 aga9 & aga9 reit]at$1 is to lay d[n a c\rse ( read+ suit$ to =m ! ta/e ( a "y man aspir+ to success z a speak]4 ,! probability t !re exi/$ su* traditional li/s z ^? ref]r$ to 7:i* w\ld also be ( s]vice 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! great public libr>ies71 is /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9 ,us5]'s ,epilogus 7p4 #abh sq47 by ! publication ( "o :i* may "h be transcrib$ z ( great int]e/ to read]s ( ,qu9tilian4 ,x w be notic$ t ?\gh ! philosoph]s are omitt$1 x conta9s _m po9ts ( analogy ) t foll[$ by ,qu9tilian1 p>ticul>ly ! addition ( ! lat] elegiac poets1 ,philetas & ,callima*us4 ,names only are giv51 )\t any criticism atta*$#eh4 ,greek num]als 7 pr9t$ ) ov]l9es 4 ,!y are %[n "h 9 =m to r$uce text-display problems4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4444 xxxvii 4 4 ,9 reg>d to ! hi/orians1 ,us5] notes t ?is li/ seems to indicate ! pr9ciple on :i* !y 7 select$ & arrang$4 ,!y are enum]at$ 9 pairs1 ,h]odotus & ,?ucydides com+ fir/1 ) _! imitators ,x5ophon & ,phili/us imm$iately foll[+ !m4 ,!n come ,!opompus & ,ephorus1 z repres5t+ ! second rank2 & next ! hi/orians ( ,alex&]'s victories1 ,anaxim5es & ,calli/h5es 7cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #eh71 9 place ( :om ,clit>*us is m5tion$ by ,qu9tilian4 ,peculi> features ab\t ! li/ giv5 above are t ,?ucydides comes fir/ ( all 7j z ,demo/h5es does among ! orators71 & t1 p]haps to make up ! numb] t51 a fif? pair ( hi/orians is add$1--,hellanicus f ^? ( old] date1 & ,polybius to repres5t m rec5t writ]s4 ,us5] /ates ! conclusion at :i* he arrives 9 ! foll[+ words1 :i* may be accept$ ) ! proviso t !y are n to be tak5 z mean+ t ,qu9tilian 0 altoge!r ignorant ( :at ,dionysius wrote3 ,iudicia de poetis scriptoribusque ,graecis non a ,dionysio ,qu9tilianus mutuatus e/4 ,igitur ne ,dionysius quidem sua pr(]t1 s$ div]sum ut]que exemplum iudiciorum ut pl]umque consonantium expressit4 ,fontis utrique communis antiquitatem ,hort5sius ,tullianus cum ,dione comp>atus demon/ravit4 ,po/]iore tempore cum eruditionis copia 9 angu/ae memoriae paup]tatem s5sim contrah]etur1 iudiciis neglectis sola electorum auctorum nom9a relicta sunt et lat]culi =mam indu]unt4 ,qu9tilian did n transcribe 8 criticisms ( ,greek lit]ature f ,dionysius4 ,he _h no ne$ to d s3 ! mat]ials f :i* ,dionysius _h drawn 7 available also to him4 ,?is is suffici5t to acc\nt = ! resemblances 9 _! critical judgm5ts4 ,b on ! o!r h& x is improbable t ,qu9tilian1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 read+ & tea*+1 _h n /udi$ ! writ+s ( ,dionysius2 & "s at lea/ ( ! co9cid5ces to :i* prom95ce is giv5 9 ! notes 9 ?is edition mu/ h be5 ! result ( 8 acqua9tance ) ! "w ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,9 8 review ( ,lat9 lit]ature1 ,qu9tilian is no d\bt giv+ u ! fruit ( 8 own /udy & indep5d5t judgm5t1 ?\gh "h aga9 ! notes w indicate t he 0 famili> ) :at o!r writ]s1 su* z ,cic]o & ,horace1 _h said be=e 9 ! way ( lit]>y criticism4 ,! exam9ation ( 8 e/imate ( ,s5eca has already prov$ t he did n hesitate to =mulate 8 own op9ions1 & to press !m1 :5 xxxviii necess>y1 ^u 8 pupils4 ,a ref]5ce to ! ,analysis 7pp4 #c-e7 w %[ t 9 ?is "p ( 8 "w ,qu9tilian foll[s ! me?od :i* _h be5 traditionally appli$ to ! criticism ( ! ,greek writ]s4 ,! same ord] is pres]v$ 7#he72 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( lit]ature are ea* comp>$ ) ! correspond+ dep>tm5ts 9 ,greek 7#ic1 #ii1 #aja1 #aje1 #abc72 & individual writ]s are pitt$ aga9/ ea* o!r1 & are sometimes *>act]is$ 9 simil> t]ms4 ,9 all ?is ,qu9tilian is consi/5t ) ! s*eme accord+ to :i* he _h evid5tly det]m9$ to arrange 8 "w3 he is consi/5t also ) ! g5]al tradition ( lit]>y criticism among 8 c\ntrym54 8,z ,lat9 lit]ature s9ce ,naevius _h adopt$ ,greek models & ,greek metres1 e ,lat9 writ] ( any pret5sions took "s ,greek au?or z 8 ideal ( excell5ce 9 ! p>ticul> /yle :i* he 0 adopt+4 ,criticism accord+ly drift$ into ! vici\s c\rse ( comp>ison2 ( pitt+ e ,lat9 writ] aga9/ a ,greek writ]1 z ?\gh borr[+ f a man w\ld con/itute y 8 rival4 ,?us ,ennius 0 a ,hom]1 ,afranius a ,m5&]1 ,plautus an ,epi*>mus1 be=e ! days ( ,horace3 9 ,horace's "t !re 7 ?ree ,hom]s1 ,v>ius1 ,valgius1 & ,v]gil4 ,cic]o & ,demo/h5es 7 comp>$ by ! ,greek critics 9 ! ,augu/an age1 & by ! "t ( ,qu9tilian ,sallu/ has become ! ,lat9 ,?ucydides1 ,livy ! ,lat9 ,h]odotus#ei40 ,x is ?is idea ( mak+ #8canons' ( ,lat9 writ]s1 to correspond z ne>ly z possible ) ^? :i* he _h accept$ f =m] critics = ! classical writ]s ( ,greece1 t gives an air ( artificiality to ,qu9tilian's criticism ( ,lat9 lit]ature1 & int]f]es some:at ) ! g5]al effect :i* 8 sane & sob] appreciations w\ld o!rwise produce4 ,! individual e/imates are 9 ! ma9 all t c\ld be wi%$ =1 notably ! en?usia/ic eulogy ( ,cic]o 7#aje-aab71 :i* x is int]e/+ to comp>e ) a simil> passage 9 ! treatise #8,on ! ,sublime4' 8,! same diff]5ce10 says ! writ]1 8may be disc]n$ 9 ! gr&eur ( ,cic]o z comp>$ ) t ( 8 ,grecian rival4 ,! sublimity ( ,demo/h5es is g5]ally sudd5 & abrupt3 t ( ,cic]o is equally diffus$4 ,demo/h5es is vehem5t1 rapid1 vigor\s1 t]rible2 he burns & sweeps away all be=e him2 & h5ce we may lik5 him to a :irlw9d or a ?und]bolt3 ,cic]o is l a widespread conflagration1 :i* rolls ov] & fe$s on all ar\nd x1 ^: fire is ext5sive & burns long1 break+ out successively 9 diff]5t places1 & f9d+ its fuel n[ "h1 n[ !re#fj40 ,excell5t also are ! %ort] *>act]isations ( su* writ]s z ,sallu/ 7immortalem ,sallu/i velocitatem #a #ajb71 ( ,livy 7,livi lactea ub]tas #a #cb3 mirae iucunditatis cl>issimique xxxix c&oris #aja71 ( ,ovid 7nimium amator +5ii sui #hh71 & ( ,horace 7et insurgit aliqu&o et pl5us e/ iucunditatis et gratiae et v>ius figuris et v]bis felicissime audax #if74 ,b ! g5]al impression we d]ive is t ,qu9tilian is produc+ _m ( 8 criticisms to ord]1 z x 73 s mu* is he ti$ d[n to ! plan he has adopt$4 ,x is to ?is same me?od ( me*anical comp>ison--born ( ! artificial traditions ( ! lit]>y s*ools--t we owe ,plut>*'s #8,p>allel ,lives'2 & x has n be5 )\t imitators 9 m rec5t times#fa4 ,,iv4 ,/yle & ,language4 ,qu9tilian's own /yle is pretty mu* :at might be expect$ f ! tone ( 8 judgm5ts on o!rs4 ,cic]o 0 8 model1 ,s5eca repres5t$ to him ev]y?+ t 0 to be avoid$3 b ! int]val ( a hundr$ ye>s :i* sep>at$ him f ! =m] 0 a suffici5t b>ri] to any?+ m ?an an approximation to 8 /yle1 :ile on ! o!r h& he does n succe$ 9 emancipat+ himself entirely f ! lit]>y t5d5cies ( 8 own "t1 :i* f\nd s complete expression 9 ! writ+s ( ,s5eca4 ,all ! writ]s ( :at is kn[n z ! ,silv] ,age possess c]ta9 m>k$ *>act]i/ics1 :i* diff]5tiate !m f ! be/ models ( ! republican p]iod2 & ( ^! ,qu9tilian has 8 %>e4 ,b he did n fall 9 ) ! fa%ionable depreciation ( ^? models4 ,he knew t x 0 impossible to br+ back ! ,lat9ity ( ! ,gold5 ,age 9 all its *>act]i/ic features2 b he c\ld at lea/ lift up 8 voice aga9/ ! affectation & artificiality ( 8 contempor>ies1 :o look$ ^u t ,lat9ity z tame1 insipid1 & commonplace4 ,! po9t ( view f :i*1 z we h already se51 he reg>d$ ,s5eca may be /at$ ) a wid] application3 corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dic5di g5us revoc>e ad sev]iora iudicia cont5do1 x4 #a1 #abe4 ,! depravation ( ta/e :i* _h gone h& 9 h& ) ! moral & social deg5]ation ( ! ,roman p1 9 ! era ( transition f republic to empire1 has already be5 t\*$ ^u 9 ! discussion xl ( ,qu9tilian's criticism ( ,s5eca4 ,! lit]>y public _h lo/ all appetite = ! natural /raight=w>dness ( ! ,cic]onian /yle3 x crav$ = some?+ ak9 to ! highly season$ di%es by :i* ! epicures ( ! day s\ght to /imulate a jad$ palate#fb4 ,x 0 n en\gh n[ to clo! ! ?\ght 9 pure1 cle>1 & elegant language1 ev5 :5 adorn$ by a weal? ( expression t bord]$ on exub]ance1 & made musical by ! exquisite modulation ( ! p]iod4 ,no "o c\ld w9 a he>+ :o did n c\nt5ance ! fa%ionable craze = affectation1 abruptness1 & extravagance4 ,directness1 ease1 & intelligibility 7 no recomm5dations#fc4 ,9 ord] to /rike & /imulate1 ev]y?+ mu/ be full ( po9t4 ,feebl5ess ( ?\ght 0 consid]$ to be r$eem$ by epigram & =mal anti!sis4 ,! amplitude & arti/ic symmetry ( ! ,cic]onian p]iod gave place to a brok5 & abrupt /yle1 ! ma9 object ( :i* 0 to arre/ att5tion & to *all5ge admiration4 ,%[y passages 7 look$ =1 express$ 9 new & /rik+ phraseology1 su* z c\ld be reproduc$ & ev5 h&$ on to o!rs#fd4 ,! *>m ( /yle & ! te/ ( its excell5ce consi/$ 9 its be+ artificial1 inflat$1 m]etrici\s1 involv$1 obscure--9 a ^w1 deprav$#fe4 ,qu9tilian's di/a/e = ! prevail+ fa%ion incl9$ him to return to ! models ( ! be/ republican p]iod4 ,exclusive devotion to "o p>ticul> type 0 =bidd5 him1 if by no?+ else1 by 8 own decl>$ pr9ciples1--non qui maxime imit&us et solus imit&us e/ 7#b #bd72 & accord+ly1 9 spite ( 8 great admiration = ,cic]o1 we f9d sev]al well-m>k$ features ( diff]5ce betwe5 him & 8 ma/]1 n only 9 ! use ( words1 b also 9 ! /ructure & composition ( s5t5ces#ff4 ,inde$1 x c\ld n h be5 o!rwise4 ,qu9tilian's mission 0 to re/ore to ,lat9 composition ! direct & natural "* ( ! e>li] /yle2 b he c\ld n extirpate t t5d5cy to poetical expression :i* _h tak5 root at ,rome z f> back z ! xli days ( ,sallu/1 & 0 fo/]$ & enc\rag$ 9 8 own "t by ! wid] /udy ( ,greek4 ,he 0 consci\s also ( ! ne$ ( mak+ "s concessions to ! popul> dem& = ornam5t4 ,! p[] ( ! #8s5t5ti\s' /yle prov$ itself ev5 on its critic & antagoni/4 ,t he 0 aw>e ( ! compromise he 0 mak+ is cle> f su* a passage z ! foll[+1 9 :i* he indicates h[ ,cic]o may be adapt$ to contempor>y requirem5ts3 ad cuius 7,cic]onis7 voluptates nihil equidem quod addi possit inv5io1 nisi ut s5sus nos quidem dicamus plures3 nempe enim fi]i pote/ salva tractatione causae et dic5di auctoritate1 si non crebra haec lum9a et cont9ua fu]9t et invicem (fec]9t4 ,s$ me hact5us c$5tem nemo insequatur ultra1 c4 7xii4 #aj1 #df-g74 ,!re 0 a po9t beyond :i* he refus$ to g3 cle>ness & simplicity mu/ nev] be sacrific$ to effect4 ,^! qualities may be claim$ = ,qu9tilian's /yle2 x is also suffici5tly v>i$ = 8 subject4 ,:5 x is obscure1 we mu/ rememb] ! defective /ate 9 :i* 8 text has come d[n to u#fg4 ,x is q possible to exemplify f ! ,t5? ,book alone ! ma9 features 9 :i* ,qu9tilian's language & /yle diff] f ^? ( ,cic]o4 ,& fir/1 9 reg>d to 8 vocabul>y1 a li/ may be app5d$ ( words :i*1 ?\gh n peculi> to ,qu9tilian1 are yet n to be f\nd 9 ! republican p]iod#fh4 ,am>itudo1 figuratively 7,pl94 ,s41 ,s541 ,val4 ,max471 x4 #a1 #aag4 ,auditorium 7,tac4 ,dial41 ,pl94 ,s41 ,suet471 x4 #a1 #gi3 cp4 v4 #ab1 #bj licet hanc 7eloqu5tiam7 auditoria prob5t4 ,classis1 ( a class 9 a s*ool 7,suet41 ,col41 ,petr471 x4 #e1 #ba4 ,conf9is1 figuratively 7,ovid1 ,s5471 x4 #e1 #ab4 xlii ,consummatus 7,s541 ,m>t41 ,pl94 ,s471 x4 #e1 #ad3 cp4 i4 #i1 #c2 ii4 #ai1 #a1 & (t54 ,! ,cic]onian equival5t is p]fectus4 ,decretorius 7,s541 ,pl941 ,suet471 x4 #e1 #bj3 cp4 vi4 #d1 #f4 ,div]sitas 7,tac41 ,pl941 ,suet471 x4 #a1 #ajf4 ,evalesco 7,v]g41 ,hor41 ,pl941 ,tac471 x4 #b1 #aj3 cp4 ii4 #h1 #e2 viii4 #f1 #cc4 ,expavesco 7,hor41 ,liv41 ,s541 ,pl941 ,suet471 x4 #c1 #cj3 cp4 ix4 #d1 #ce2 vi4 #b1 #ca4 ,extemporalis 7,petr41 ,tac41 ,pl94 ,s471 x4 #f1 #a1 #e & #f2 #g1 #ac1 #af1 #ah3 cp4 iv4 #a1 #ed extemporalis oratio1 = :i* ,cic]o w\ld h writt5 subita et =tuita oratio4 ,exundo 7,s541 ,pl941 ,tac471 x4 #a1 #aji ,cic]o vivo gurgite exundat4 ,favorabilis 7,vell41 ,s541 ,pl941 ,tac41 ,suet471 x4 #e1 #ba3 cp4 iv4 #a1 #ba & (t54 ,=mator 7,col41 ,s541 ,pl94 ,s471 x4 #b1 #bj ali5orum +5iorum =mator 7sc4 praeceptor74 ,immutesco 7,/atius71 x4 #c1 #af4 ,inadfectatus 7,pl94 ,s471 x4 #a1 #hb4 ,inconcessus 7,v]g41 ,ov471 x4 #b1 #bf4 ,incr$ulus 7,hor471 x4 #c1 #aa3 cp4 xii4 #h1 #aa4 ,indec5s 7,petr41 ,s541 ,m>t471 x4 #b1 #ai4 ,! ,cic]onian equival5t is indecorus4 ,inlaboratus 7,s5471 x4 #a1 #aaa1 & (t54 ,ins5esco 7,hor41 ,ov41 ,tac471 x4 #c1 #aa4 ,inspiro 7,v]g41 ,ov41 ,s5471 x4 #c1 #bd3 cp4 xii4 #aj1 #fb4 ,praesumo 7,v]g41 ,s541 ,pl941 ,tac471 x4 #e1 #d3 cp4 xi4 #a1 #bg4 ,pr(ectus 7,ov41 ,s541 ,pl94 ,s41 ,suet71 x4 #c1 #b & #ae3 cp4 i4 #b1 #bf1 & (t54 ,cic]o uses progressus1 processus4 ,pr(essor 7,col41 ,tac41 ,suet471 x4 #e1 #ah3 cp4 ii4 #aa1 #a1 & (t54 ,prosa 7,vell41 ,col41 ,s541 ,pl9471 x4 #g1 #ai1--;adjective3 cp4 xi4 #b1 #ci4 ,z a n\n1 ix4 #d1 #eb1 & (t54 ,secessus 7,v]g41 ,ov41 ,pl941 ,tac471 x4 #c1 #bc & #bh2 #e1 #af4 ,cic]o uses recessus4 ,sub/r+o 7,s541 ,tac41 ,suet471 x4 #e1 #d4 ,v]sificator 7,j41 ,col471 x4 #a1 #hi4 ,!re is a t\* ( #8nationalism' ab\t ,qu9tilian's use ( ! ^w ,romanus = ,lat9us4 ,litt]ae lat9ae1 scriptores lat9i1 poetae lat9i1 are ! usual =ms ) ,cic]o & ! writ]s ( ! be/ p]iod3 ,qu9tilian has ,romanes auctores 7x4 #a1 #he71 s]mo ,romanus 7ib4 #ajj71 litt]ae ,romanae 7ib4 #abc71 & (t5 else:]e4 ,! foll[+ words appe> 9 ,qu9tilian 7,book ,x7 = ! fir/ "t1 ?\gh ( c\rse x does n foll[ t !y are 8 own co9age3-- xliii ,adnotatio1 x4 #b1 #g brevis adnotatio4 ,circulatorius1 x4 #a1 #h circulatoria volubilitas3 cp4 ii4 #d1 #ae4 ,! n\n circulator seems to h be5 us$ fir/ by ,as9ius ,pollio3 aft]w>ds x is f\nd 9 ,s5eca1 ,petronius1 ,pl94 ,s41 ,apuleius1 c4 ,de/ructio1 x4 #e1 #ab de/ructio et confirmatio s5t5ti>um4 ,suetonius 7,galba #ab7 uses ?is ^w 9 its prop] s5se ( #8pull+ d[n' walls4 ,(f5sator 7 471 x4 #c1 #bj4 ,significantia1 x4 #a1 #aba4 ,sev]al words occur :i*1 ei!r 9 po9t ( =m or mean+1 indicate ! influ5ce ( ,greek analogies3-- ,recip]e1 x4 #g1 #ca1 & (t5 else:]e1 9 ! s5se ( prob>e4 ,s ! ,greek 1 4 ,cp4 ,pl94 ,h4 ,n4 #g4 #h1 #bi4 ,sup9us1 x4 #b1 #ag us$1 l 9 ,dion4 ,hal41 = #8languid1' #8spiritless4' ,cp4 esp4 7( ,isocr47 7sc4 7 444 1 p4 #ech1 #f1 ,r3 also p4 #ajjf1 #ad1 ,r4 ,d5sus 771 = pressus3 x4 #a1 #gf4 ,p$e/ris 7sc4 oratio71 3 x4 #a1 #ha4 ,to ^! may be add$ ! use ( subrip]e 7= clam fac]e71 on ! analogy ( 1 iv4 #a1 #gh3 transire 7= effug]e71 on ! analogy ( 1 ix4 #b1 #di 7cp4 ,/at4 ,!b4 ii4 #cce nil transit amantes73 f9is = 3 maxime1 ) num]als1 = 1 c4 ,to ! same s\rce mu/ be attribut$ ! frequ5t use 9 ,qu9tilian ( propt] quod1 p] quod1 quae1 c4 on ! analogy ( 1 7see on x4 #a1 #aj73 circa 7us$ l 71 see on x4 #a1 #eb3 multum 7) comp>47 l 7x4 #a1 #id73 sunt 444 diff]5tes1 #b #af4 ,! influ5ce ( poetical usage may be se5 9 ! frequ5t employm5t ( simple v]bs 9 ! s5se ( comp\nds1 ( ab/ract n\ns 9 a concrete s5se 7e4g4 facilitatem #c #g71 & also 9 c]ta9 *anges 9 ! mean+ ( words1 ea* ( :i* w be notic$ 9 its prop] place3 e4g4 compon]e = s$>e2 vac>e us$ imp]sonally2 v5us = v5u/as2 beatus = ub]1 fecundus2 secretum2 olim ( future "t2 utrimque ( opposite sides1 c4 ,su* *anges 9 mean+ z w be not$ 9 connection ) words l valetudo1 ambitio1 advocatus1 auctor1 cultus1 quicumque1 ubicumque1 demum1 & all ! ph5om5a connect$ ) ! sub/antivation ( ! adjective 7e4g4 /udiosus71 are common to ,qu9tilian ) o!r writ]s ( ! ,silv] ,age4 ,tak+ n[ ! ,p>ts ( ,spee* 9 _! ord]1 we may illu/rate ! peculi>ities ( ,qu9tilian's vocabul>y by ref]5ce to ! ,t5? ,book4 xliv ,i4 ,n\ns4 ,advocatus = causidicus1 patronus3 x4 #a1 #aaa 7:]e see note73 cp4 iii4 #h1 #ea2 xi4 #a1 #ei3 ,pl94 ,s4 #g1 #bb3 ,suet4 ,claud4 #ae4 ,= examples ( ! use ( ?is ^w 9 its e>li] s5se cp4 v4 #f1 #f2 xi4 #c1 #acb2 xii4 #c1 #b4 ,ambitio c>ries ) x 9 ,qu9tilian1 z g5]ally 9 ! ,silv] ,age1 a s9i/] mean+1 s t ,qu9tilian c call x a vitium3 i4 #b1 #bb licet ipsa vitium sit ambitio frequ5t] tam5 causa virtutum e/4 ,s p]v]sa ambitio x4 #g1 #ba3 cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 vi4 #df3 ,iuv4 #h1 #ace4 ,= ! ,cic]onian use ( ! ^w 7popul>is gratiae captatio ad adipisc5dos honores71 see pro ,sulla #aa3 pro ,planc4 #de3 de ,orat4 i4 #a4 ,auctor1 almo/ id5tical ) scriptor3 see on x4 #a1 #bd4 ,cp4 ,ep4 ad ,tryph4 #a leg5dis auctoribus qui sunt innum]abiles4 ,cultus ornatus3 x4 #a1 #abd2 #b1 #ag4 ,cp4 iii4 #h1 #eh 9 v]bis cultum adfectav]unt3 xi4 #a1 #eh nitor et cultus4 ,cic]o uses ornatus & nitor z appli$ to language3 ,orat4 #hj ornatus v]borum1 #ac #d orationis4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bj1 #bc4 ,op9io is us$ = #8reputation' 7exi/imatio71 :e!r good or bad4 ,s x4 #e1 #ah 7:]e see note73 #g1 #ag3 cp4 xii4 #a1 #ab contemptu op9ionis3 ii4 #ab1 #e adf]t et i/a res op9ionem3 ix4 #b1 #gd v]itus op9ionem iactantiae3 iv4 #a1 #cc op9ione adrogantiae labor>e3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #aj ne op9io quidem et fama 444 aeque poetas quam oratores sequitur3 ,s54 ,ep4 #gi1 #af4 ,9 ,cic]o x is f\nd only ) a g5itive 7ad ,att4 #g1 #b op9io integritatis3 cp4 ,liv4 xlv4 #ch1 #f3 ,caes4 ,b4,g4 vii4 #ei1 #e3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ae71 or ) an adjective 7,v]r4 ii4 #c1 #bd falsam 444 malam op9ionem74 ,opus frequ5tly means #8bran*1' #8dep>tm5t' 9 ,qu9tilian3 x4 #a1 #i 7:]e see note74 ,x is (t5 id5tical ) #8g5us'3 e4g4 x4 #a1 #abc :]e !y are us$ toge!r1 quo 9 g5]e--9 hoc op]e4 ,cp4 iii4 #g1 #bh quamquam tres /atus omnes cad]e 9 hoc opus 7laudativum g5us7 poss9t4 ,valetudo1 always 9 ! s5se ( #8bad heal?' 9 ,qu9tilian & contempor>y writ]s4 ,if #8good heal?' is meant1 an adjective is us$3 e4g4 x4 #c1 #bf bona valetudo3 vi4 #c1 #gg commodior valetudo4 ,) ,cic]o x may mean ei!r3 de ,f94 v4 #hd bonum valetudo1 mis] morbus3 de ,am4 #h quod 9 collegio no/ro non adfuisses1 valetud9em respondeo causam3 ad ,fam4 iv4 #a1 #a3 9 ,tusc4 iv4 #hj he has mala valetudo4 ,) ,qu9tilian's usage cp4 ,tac4 ,hi/4 iii4 #b2 ,ann4 vi4 #ej3 ,suet4 ,claud4 #bf3 ,pl94 ,s4 #b1 #bj4 ,v5us = v5u/as1 x4 #a1 #gi 7:]e see note72 ib4 #ajj4 ,?is use ( ! ^w is poetical3 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #cbj2 ,c>4 iv4 #ac1 #ag4 ,= v5u/as1 lepor occurs 9 ,cic]o ) ! same mean+1 see de ,orat4 i4 #bdc3 ,or4 #if4 ,o!r po9ts 9 connection ) ! use ( sub/antives are ref]r$ to xlv 9 ! notes3 e4g4 ! p]iphra/ic con/ruction ) vis or ratio & ! g]und 7see on vim dic5di x4 #a1 #a73 ! concrete use ( c]ta9 n\ns 9 ! plural 7see on hi/orias #ge3 cp4 lectiones #de73 ! concrete use ( ab/ract n\ns 7e4g4 facilitatem #c #g3 pr(ectus #e #ad3 cp4 silv>um amo5itas = silvae amo5ae #c #bd74 ,! frequ5t occurr5ce ( v]bal n\ns 9 -tor mu/ also be not$3 9 ,qu9t4 !y h come to be us$ almo/ l adjectives or p>ticiples 7hortator x4 #c1 #bc3 (f5sator ib4 #bj71 & may1 l adjectives1 be comp>$ by ! aid ( an adv]b 7nimium amator #a #hh1 :]e see note7#fi4 ,,ii4 ,adjectives4 ,beatus 7abundans1 fecundus73 x4 #a1 #fa beatissima r]um v]borumque copia1 :]e see note3 cp4 v4 #ad1 #ca beatissimi amnes4 ,cic]o does n use beatus ( ?+s3 cp4 de ,rep4 ii4 #ai1 #cd abundantissimus amnis4 ,d5sus 7l pressus 9 ,cic]o73 #fh1 #gc 7) notes71 d5sus et brevis et semp] in/ans sibi ,?ucydides3 cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #ei ,?ucydides ita v]bis aptus et pressus4 ,s x4 #a1 #gf1 #ajf4 ,exactus3 x4 #b1 #ad exactissimo iudicio3 #g #cj exacti comm5t>ii4 ,exactus be>s ! same relation to exig]e z p]fectus does to p]fic]e1 ) :i* exig]e is1 9 ,qu9tilian1 synonym\s3 e4g4 i4 #e1 #b2 #i1 #b4 ,s ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #gb3 ,suet4 ,tib4 #ah3 ,pl94 ,ep4 #h1 #bc2 also ,m4 ,s5eca1 & ,val4 ,max4 ,= exactus ,cic]o us$ dilig5t] elaboratus 7,brut4 #cab7 or accuratus 7ad ,att4 xiii4 #de1 #c73 or p]fectus 7de ,orat4 i4 #cd1 #ce74 ,expositus tritus1 communis3 x4 #e1 #aa voluptatem expositis d>e3 ,iuv4 #g1 #ed vatem--qui nihil expositum soleat d$uc]e1 hoc qui communi f]iat c>m5 triviale moneta3 ,s54 ,e4 #ee4 ,cic]o has 7de ,orat4 i4 #ca1 #acg7 omnium communia et contrita praecepta4 ,incompositus3 x4 #a1 #ff rudis 9 pl]isque et incompositus 7,aes*ylus73 cp4 iv4 #e1 #aj2 ix4 #d1 #cb3 ,v]g4 ,georg4 i4 #cej motus incompositos3 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #a3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bf3 ,s54 ,ep4 #dj1 #d3 ,liv4 xxiii4 #bg2 v4 #bh4 ,otiosus inutilis1 inanis4 ,see on x4 #a1 #gf tam nihil otiosum3 cp4 #b #ag4 ,s ,tac4 ,dial4 #dj3 ,pl94 ,s4 #aj1 #fb4 ,9 ,cic]o we h vacuus1 otio abundans1 ,brut4 #c3 ,n4,d4 iii4 #ci4 xlvi ,praecipuus1 us$ by itself1 see on x4 #a1 #id4 ,summus1 9 s5se ( extremus3 x4 #a1 #ba1 :]e see note4 ,! usage is poetical3 cp4 ,plaut4 ,p]s4 #cc2 ,as94 #ecd3 ,v]g4 ,a54 ii4 #cbd v5it summa dies3 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #a1 #a3 ,ovid ex ,pont4 iv4 #i1 #ei1 ,am4 iii4 #i1 #bg3 ,iuv4 i4 #e4 ,s*malz 7,ueb] d5 ,spra*gebrau* des ,as9ius ,pollio--,mn*51 #ahij1 p4 #cf7 cont5ds t ?is use is n ,cic]onian1 = :ile ,pollio writes summo ludorum die 7ad ,fam4 x4 #cb1 #c7 & ,caelius summis ,circ5sibus ludis 7ad ,fam4 viii4 #ab1 #c--,manutius3 extremis diebus ,circ5sium ludorum meorum71 ,cic]o himself says 7ad ,fam4 vii4 #a1 #c7 extremus elephantorum dies fuit4 ,sup9us ignavus 7z 1 p4 xliii4 above73 x4 #b1 #ag otiosi et sup9i3 cp4 ix4 #d1 #acg t>da et sup9a compositio3 ,iuv4 i4 #ff3 ,m>t4 vi4 #db ,non att5dis et aure sup9a ,iamdudum neglig5t] audis4 ,?is ^w may h be5 us$ fir/ by ,qu9tilian 9 ?is s5se3 9 ,cic]o x is us$ ( ! body1 e4g4 de ,div4 i4 #ec1 #abj4 ,noticeable also1 & *>act]i/ic ( 8 "t1 is ,qu9tilian's use ( pl]ique & plurimi1 ! =m] hav+ (t5 ! =ce ( nonnulli1 plures1 multi 7x4 #a #bf1 #ca1 #cd1 #cg1 #ff1 #ajf3 #b #ac3 #c #af71 ! latt] los+ its =ce z a sup]lative1 & /&+ g5]ally = p]multi 7x4 #a #ab1 #bb1 #bg1 #dj1 #di1 #eh1 #fj1 #fe1 #ha1 #ie1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aag1 #abh3 #b #f1 #ad1 #bd3 #f #a3 #g #ag74 ,no?+ is m common 9 ,qu9tilian ?an ! use ( adjectives 7& p>ticiples7 9 ! place ( n\ns4#gj ,9 "s cases ?is arises f ! actual omission ( a n\n1 :i* c readily be suppli$ to def9e ! mean+ ( ! adjective3 = example x4 #e1 #bj decretoriis 7sc4 armis7 ex]ceatur3 #a #ajj togatis 7sc4 fabulis7 excellit ,afranius3 #a #hh lascivus quidem 9 h]ois 7sc4 v]sibus7 quoque ,ovidius4 ,b 9 mo/ cases !re is no p]ceptible ellipse2 ! g5]al idea int5d$ is conta9$ 9 ! adjective itself4 ,9 ! ,mascul9e & ,fem99e only ^? adjectives c be us$ z n\ns :i* express p]sonal qualities1 z ( "*1 position1 reputation1 c43 ! ,neut] d5otes g5]ally ! prop]ties ( ?+s1 mo/ly ab/ractions4 ,foll[+ ! arrangem5t ( ,dr4 ,hirt's pap]1 we may cite examples f ! ,t5? ,book z foll[s3-- ,! ,neut] ,adjective4 7#a7 ,! ,neut] s+ul> us$ by itself3-- ,nom4 #c #bb secretum 9 dict&o p]it4 xlvii ,acc4 #c #cj faciat sibi cogitatio secretum4 ,g54 #c #bg optimum secreti g5us3 #cj amator secreti4 ,p>titive g5itives3 #f #a aliquid vacui3 dep5d5t on adj4 #a #gi hone/i /udiosus4 ,dat43 occurs 9 o!r books3 e4g4 i4 pr4 #d proximum v]o3 vi4 #c1 #ba contr>ium s]io4 ,abl4 #g #af cum /ilus secreto gaudeat4 ,frequ5t in/ances occur 9 prepositional phrases1 ) accusative & ablative3 ^! are mo/ly local1 & ! great ext5sion ( ! usage 9 po/-,augu/an times po9ts to ! influ5ce ( ,greek analogy 7 1 44474 ,examples are3 9 altum #g #bh 7 9 pr(undum73 e contr>io #a #ai3 9 deposito #c #cc3 9 exp$ito #g #bd3 7v]t]e7 9 ,lat9um #e #b 7conta9+ ! idea ( locality3 cp4 ex ,graeco73 ex integro #a #bj 7:]e see note73 9 po/]um #c #ad3 9 publicum #g #a3 9 univ]sum #a #db3 9 peius #b #af3 ex proximo #a #ac3 a summo #c #b3 ad ultimum #g #g2 ib4 #af3 ex ultimo ib4 #aj4 ,sometimes ! adjective1 9 addition to be+ us$ sub/antivally1 gov]ns l a n\n1 ! g5itive dep5d+ on x be+ always p>titive3 e4g4 multum #a #hj1 #id1 #aae3 plus #a #gg1 #hf1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajf3 plurimum #a #fj1 #fe1 #ha1 #aag1 #abh2 #c #a2 #e #c1 #aj2 #f #a2 #g #ag3 m9us #b #ab3 quantum #e #h4 ,& ) a pron\n3 #g #bd promptum hoc et 9 exp$ito positum4 7#b7 ,! ,neut] ,plural4 ,in/ances ne$ n be cit$ :]e adjectives are us$ sub/antivally 9 cases :i* c be recognis$ z neut]3 e4g4 #c #f scriptorum proxima4 ,qu9tilian gave a wide ext5sion to ! usage ev5 :]e ! case c\ld n be recognis$4 ,x c be detect$ mo/ easily1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! adjective is us$ alongside ( n\ns1 e4g4 #e #h sua brevitati gratia1 sua copiae1 alia translatis virtus1 alia propriis2 or :5 ano!r adjective or pron\n is us$ 9 ! nom4 or acc41 e4g4 #a #ce3 #c #cb novorum int]positione priora confundant3 #e #aa4 ,o!r in/ances 7( #bnd & #crd decl47 are #g #cj subitis ex tempore occurrant3 #e #a ex lat9is3 #g #f ex div]sis3 #a #ff 9 pl]isque3 #e #aa v>ietatem similibus d>e4 ,s ) comp>atives & sup]latives3 #a #fc maioribus aptior3 #a #eh cum optimis satiati sumus1 v>ietas tam5 nobis ex vilioribus grata sit3 #e #f c]te proximis locus4 ,! ,mascul9e ,adjective4 7#a7 ,! ,mascul9e ,plural4 ,9 ! foll[+ places mascul9e adjectives are f\nd toge!r1 9 ! plural1 or else along ) n\ns3 #a #ga1 #abd1 #acj3 #b #ag3 #c #af3 #e #a4 xlviii ,s+le in/ances are 7,g5itive7 vet]um #a #ig1 #aah3 magnorum #a #be3 7,dative7 imp]itis #g #ae3 antiquis #b #ag3 /udiosis #a #de 7:]e see note3 ,cic]o w\ld h _h dic5di1 or eloqu5tiae /udiosis73 bonis #b #c3 7,accusative7 vet]es #a #db3 po/]os #a #aab1 #abj3 #b #f3 obvios #c #bi3 int5tos #c #cc3 7,ablative7 ex no/ris #a #aad3 ab antiquis #a #abf3 de novis #a #dj4 ,) ! comp>ative #e #ai apud maiores3 #e #g priores3 sup]lative #a #eh confessione plurimorum4 ,9 #a #abc we h "o ( ! few in/ances ( ! addition ( ano!r adjective to an adjective do+ duty = a n\n--paucissimos adhuc eloqu5tes litt]ae ,romanae tul]unt4 7#b7 ,! ,mascul9e ,s+ul>4 ,:5 ! adjective c d5ote a class collectively1 x may be us$ z a n\n3 ?is is q frequ5t 9 ,qu9tilian1 z 9 mo/ writ]s1 especially :5 ! adjective /&s ne> a sub/antive1 e4g4 p]or>e 9 adult]um1 aleatorem1 petulantem ii4 #d1 #bb4 ,! foll[+ are cases ( ! isolat$ use ( ! mascul9e s+ul>3 7,g5itive7 x4 #b1 #bf prud5tis e/3 7,accusative7 #b #c similem r>o natura prae/at3 #c #ai quasi conscium infirmitatis no/rae tim5tes4 ,! ,p>ticiple us$ z a ,n\n4 7#a7 ,! ,neut] ,s+ul>4 ,p>ticiples foll[ ! analogy ( ! adjective4 ,9 addition to ^? :i* h actually become n\ns 7e4g4 responsum1 praeceptum1 promissum1 c471 ,qu9tilian uses sev]al p>ticiples z n\ns 9 a mann] t is aga9 an ext5sion ( classical usage4 ,s ev5 ) a pron\n1 or ano!r adjective3 e4g4 #b #b ad propositum praescriptum3 #aa ad ali5um propositum3 #e #ab decretum quoddam atque praeceptum3 #g #bd promptum hoc et 9 exp$ito positum4 7#b7 ,! ,neut] ,plural4 ,in/ances ( ! usual k9d are too num]\s to m5tion3 ! p>ticiple 9 -u1 -a1 -um is f\nd frequ5tly 9 abl41 g541 & dat4 ,n s common is ! plural ( ! #crd decl43 #a #hf em95tibus v9cimur3 #c #e nec prot9us (f]5tibus se gaudeamus1 adhibeatur indicium inv5tis1 dispositio probatis4 7#c7 ,! ,p]fect ,p>ticiple4 ,9 reg>d to ! mascul9e plural ,qu9tilian "h foll[s ! ,cic]onian usage1 accord+ to :i* ! p>ticiple is employ$ :5 a def9ite class ( individuals is indicat$1 & a qui clause :5 ! description is m unre/rict$4 ,in/ances ( ! p>ticiple are #a #aca robu/is et xlix satis firmatis leg5dus3 #c #b #g occupatos 9 noctem necessitas agit3 #e #ag ex]citatos2 r m g5]al is a conrogatis laudantur #a #ah4 ,! ,mascul9e ,s+ul> is1 9 classical ,lat91 g5]ally f\nd along ) a sub/antive1 x be+ incorrect to use any su* expression z1 = example1 manes occisi plac>e4 ,qu9tilian makes a v free use ( ?is p>ticiple3 e4g4 i4 #b1 #bd r$debat victo c]tam9is pole/atem3 v4 #ab1 #b spiculum 9 corpore occisi inv5tum e/1 c4 7#d7 ,! ,future ,p>ticiple4 ,! use ( ?is p>ticiple receiv$ a great ext5sion 9 po/-,augu/an times4 ,! foll[+ are in/ances ( its employm5t z a sub/antive3 i4 #d1 #ag non doceo1 s$ admoneo docturos3 #ba lib]um op9aturis rel9quo3 & 9 ! s+ul> iv4 #a1 #eb hoc adicio ut dicturus intueatur quid1 apud quem dic5dum sit4 7#e7 ,! ,pres5t ,p>ticiple4 ,frequ5t z is ! sub/antival use ( ?is p>ticiple 9 all ,lat9 au?ors1 9 none is x m frequ5t ?an 9 ,qu9tilian--g5]ally 9 ! ,g54 & ,dat4 ,s+4 & ,plur41 n s common 9 ! ,nom4 & ,acc4 ,pl41 & seldom 9 ! ,abl4 & ,nom4 ,s+4 ,9 "s in/ances x is f\nd alongside ( a n\n3 e4g4 #b #b3 #g #c4 ,! mo/ common example ( ! ,g54 ,s+41 /&+ alone1 is 7z might be expect$ f ! subject-matt] ( ! ,in/itutio7 disc5tis1 dic5tis1 c41 e4g4 #a #f3 = ! ,dative see #a #ag1 #bd1 #cj3 ,accusative #a #bj3 ,ablative #a #ae 7intelleg]e s9e demon/rante73 em95tibus #a #hf3 cp4 illis 444 recipi5tibus #e #ab4 ,9 ! plural1 ! ,g5itive & ,dative are equally common3 = ! ,nom9ative may be quot$ #b #ae imitantes3 = ! ,accusative #a #af3 #b #bf3 #c #be4 ,,iii4 ,pron\ns4 ,ipse foll[s ! usual rules4 ,= an int]e/+ po9t 9 connection ) its use1 see on #b #ae4 ,x is (t5 us$ z p] se1 e4g4 #a #aag3 #c #ba3 (t5 ) pron\ns1 e4g4 vel hoc ipso 7 7 #a #ge1 cp4 #e #h4 ,= et ipse see note on #a #ca4 ,hic seems frequ5tly to be us$ ) ref]5ce to ! circum/ances ( ! writ]'s own times3 e4g4 #a #dc rec5s haec lascivia3 & probably also #g #ca hanc brevem adnotationem4 7,?is is c]ta9ly ! case ) ille3 e4g4 illis dict&i deliciis #c #ah3 ille laudantium clamor #a #ag47 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t 9 "s cases ! manuscripts may be wrong3 e4g4 #a #f ex 8 7= ex iis873 b cp4 #a #be1 #cc1 #dj1 c4 ,su* in/ances ( a pref]5ce = hic ov] is come "u ,priscian's rule 7xvi4 #eh71 ,hic l non solum de praes5te v]um etiam de abs5te possumus dic]e1 ad intellectum ref]5tes demon/rativum4 ,! conjunction ( nullus & non 7 quisque1 omnis7 is common 9 ,qu9tilian & ,suetonius3 #g #be nullo non tempore et loco3 cp4 iii4 #f1 #g3 ix4 #d1 #hc3 ,suet4 ,aug4 #cb2 ,tib4 #ff2 ,n]o #af1 c43 ,m>t4 #h1 #bj4 ,quicunque has 9 ,qu9tilian completely acquir$ ! =ce ( an indef9ite pron\n3 see on #a #ab2 #aje4 ,quilibet unus 7#a #a7 does n occur 9 ,cic]o3 cp4 i4 #ab1 #g3 v4 #aj1 #aag4 ,ut qui is frequ5tly f\nd 9 place ( ! ,cic]onian quippe qui1 utpote qui3 see on #a #ee4 ,,iv4 ,v]bs4 ,an in/ance ( ! use ( simple = comp\nd v]bs 7frequ5t 9 ,qu9tilian & ! ,silv] ,age g5]ally1 & a m>k ( ! #8poetization' ( ,lat9 prose7 occurs #a #ii licet ,caecilium vet]es laudibus f]ant3 see note ad loc41 & cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 viii4 #ah1 #c3 ,suet4 ,o?4 #ab1 ,vesp4 #f4 ,9 ,cic]o we h eff]re laudibus1 de ,am4 #bd3 de ,(f4 ii4 #cf3 de ,orat4 iii4 #eb4 ,s else:]e 9 ,qu9tilian f9ire = def9ire1 sol>i = consol>i1 sp>g]e = disp]g]e1 c4 ,examples ( a *ange 9 ! mean+ ( v]bs common to ,cic]o & ,qu9tilian are ! foll[+3-- ,compon]e occurs n[ 9 ! s5se ( s$>e1 plac>e3 e4g4 ix4 #d1 #ab ut1 si quid fuisset turbidiorum cogitationum1 compon]5t3 iii4 #d1 #ae concit&o compon5disve adfectibus 7,cic]o1 de ,orat4 i4 #bjb motum dic5do vel excit>e vel s$>e73 cp4 x4 #a1 #aai ,vibius ,crispus compositus et iucundus1 :]eas ,cic]o has 7,or4 #agf7 ,isocrates e/ 9 ipsis num]is s$atior4 ,s ,pollio1 ad ,fam4 x4 #cc1 #c has ! phrase bellum compon]e3 cp4 ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #h compon]e litem3 ,v]g4 ,a54 iv4 #cda compon]e curas--bo? at ! end ( a hexamet]3 ,tac4 ,hi/4 iv4 #ej3 ,suet4 ,caes4 #d4 ,dig]]e concoqu]e3 see #a #ai4 ,= concoqu]e 9 ,cic]o1 see de ,f94 ii4 #fd3 de ,n4 ,d4 ii4 #bd1 #abd1 #acf4 ,pra$ic]e antea1 supra dic]e3 see on #a #gd4 ,recip]e prob>e 773 #g #ca1 & (t54 ,vacat3 us$ imp]sonally #a #eh1 #ij3 cp4 i4 #ab1 #ab4 ,?is usage is n f\nd 9 ,cic]o4 ,v4 ,adv]bs4 ,abunde is (t5 f\nd along ) adjectives & adv]bs1 to increase _! =ce3 #a #be abunde similes 7:]e see note73 #ajd elatum abunde spiritum4 ,x has some?+ ( ! emphasis ( ,cic]o's satis sup]que4 ,adhuc occurs v frequ5tly ) a comp>ative3 see on #a #ga 7plus adhuc7 & #ii4 ,x is (t5 us$ also 7z 9 ,livy & o!rs7 ( li pa/ "t1 :5 x eo etiam tempore1 or etiam tum3 e4g4 s*olae adhuc op]atum #c #ac3 cp4 i4 #h1 #b3 #b #bg4 ,alioqui has diff]5t uses 9 ,qu9tilian1 z 9 ,tacitus4 7#a7 ,x occurs pretty mu* z 9 ,greek1 ) v little ( an anti!sis3 e4g4 #a #fd ,simonides1 t5uis alioqui1 s]mone proprio et iucunditate comm5d>i pote/3 #c #cb exp]tus iuv5em1 /udiosum alioqui1 praelongos habuisse s]mones1 c4 7,!re is a def9ite anti!sis 9 :at seems to be ! correspond+ usage 9 ,tacitus1 :5 alioqui is oppos$ to an adv]b ( "t3 e4g1 ,ann4 iii4 #h cum incallidus alioqui et facilis iuv5ta s5ilibus tum artibus ut]etur3 xiii4 #bj +r$itur ,p>is1 solitus alioqu9 id temporis luxus pr9cipis int5d]e1 s$ tunc compositus ad mae/itiam47 7#b7 ,x is equival5t to praet]ea1 #8besides'3 #c #ac 9 eloqu5tia ,galli>um 444 pr9ceps1 alioqui int] paucos dis]tus4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #aa ordo alioqui scel]is 444 patefactus e/4 ,?is s5se is an easy transition f #8= ! re/4' ,! in/ance 9 #a #abh 7cuius et multae alioqui et magnae virtutes fu]unt7 seems to fall also "u ?is head1 unless x means #8ap>t f' ! d\btful complim5ts !y paid him 7,s5eca7 by imitat+ him3 cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #cg validus alioqui sp]n5dis honoribus4 7#c7 ,alioqui /&s = #8o!rwise1' #89 ! opposite case1' ei!r ) a si clause1 z #c #af immutescamus alioqui si nihil dic5dum videatur3 #cj quid alioqui fiet 444 si p>ticulas1 c43 or )\t1 #f #f alioqui vel extemporalem tem]itatem malo quam male coha]5tem cogitationem4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 ii4 #ch3 xi4 #f4 ,c]te /&s = quidem :5 ! po9t ( ! s5t5ce is re9=c$ by an illu/ration3 #f #d ,cic]o c]te 444 tradidit3 cp4 xii4 #a1 #dc3 vi4 #b1 #c4 ,demum1 :i* 9 classical ,lat9 is an adv]b ( "t 7#8la/ly'71 /&s 9 ,qu9tilian1 & o!r writ]s ( ! ,silv] ,age1 = tantum1 dumtaxat1 ! idea ( "t hav+ disappe>$3 #a #dd pressa demum et t5uia1 :]e see note3 cp4 #c #ac3 #f #e4 ,) pron\ns x is frequ5tly us$1 = emphasis1 l adeo3 e4g4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #aca s$ hi loci ei demum oratori prodesse possunt1 qui e/ v]satus 9 rebus vel usu4 ,int]im (t5 /&s = int]dum1 z #a #i1 :]e see note4 ,at #c #cc we h int]im 444 int]im = modo 444 modo1 z also i4 #g1 #aa3 int]im 444 int]dum vi4 #b1 #ab3 int]im 444 non numquam 444 saepe iv4 #e1 #bj3 semp] 444 int]im ii4 #a1 #a4 ,longe & multum are bo? us$ ) comp>atives1 in/ead ( multo3 e4g4 longe cl>ius #a #fg 7:]e see note73 multum t]sior 77 #a #id 7note74 ,mox is us$ 9 enum]ations 9 place ( de9de3 #f #c primum--tum--mox3 cp4 i4 #b1 #bi primum--mox3 ib4 #i1 #b primum--mox--tum4 ,nec ne quidem3 #c #g alioqui nec scrib]5tur4 ,cp4 ix4 #b1 #fg quod 9 =o non exp$it1 illic nec liceat iv4 #b1 #ic3 v4 #aj1 #hf4 lii ,non occurs ) ! #a/ p]s4 plur4 7#c #af1 cp4 #c #e7 & #crd p]s4 s+4 #b #bg :]e see note1 7also aft] dum xii4 #aj1 #dh & modo iii4 #aa1 #bd7 :]e ,cic]o w\ld h _h ne3 cp4 i4 #a1 #ai non ergo p]damus3 ib4 #e non adsuescat ergo4 ,cp4 ut9am non #ajj3 & see note on #b #bg4 ,non nisi4 ,^! p>ticles 7non1 nisi7 are us$ toge!r ) ! =ce ( an adv]b1 #a #bd 7:]e see note73 #c #bi4 ,cp4 ,ov4 ,tr4 iii4 #ab1 #cf4 ,olim is nev] us$ by ,cic]o ( future "t1 z #a #id & #ajd 7:]e see note74 ,cp4 ,pl94 ,panegyr4 #ae4 ,plane1 ?\gh common en\gh 9 classical ,lat91 z 9 ,qu9tilian1 ) v]bs & adjectives1 is n f\nd s (t5 9 conjunction ) o!r adv]bs4 ,!re may be a t\* ( colloquialism ab\t su* a phrase z ut plane manife/o app>eat #a #ec3 cp4 ,pollio1 9 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 x4 #cb1 #a plane b5e3 ad ,att4 xiii4 #f1 #b3 plane belle ib4 xii4 #cg1 #a4 ,prot9us has its usual mean+ 7/atim7 9 #c #e 7:]e x is be/ tak5 ) gaudeamus1 n ) (f]5tibus73 cp4 #g #ba4 ,its employm5t to d5ote logical consequ5ce is not$ at #a #c3 cp4 ib4 #db4 ,saltem is (t5 us$ = quidem & neque saltem = ne quidem3 #b #ae nec v]o saltem iis1 c41 :]e see note3 cp4 i4 #a1 #bd neque enim mihi illud saltem placet4 ,sicut 7ut7 444 ita4 ,?is =mula is especially common 9 ,qu9tilian1 ei!r ) or )\t a negative3 see on #a #a1 & cp4 #c1 #ad1 #gb3 ix4 #b1 #hh1 c4 ,ubicumque1 l quicumque1 has become an indef9ite3 e4g4 #g #bh quidquid loquemur ubicumque4 ,! m classical use is f\nd at #a #e & #aj4 ,utique3 see note on #a #bj4 ,utrimque is us$ n ( place1 b ( ! #8opposite sides' ( a "q3 #e #bj causas utrimque tractet3 #a #aca3 cp4 v4 #aj1 #ha3 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #ah1 #i3 ,tac4 ,hi/4 i4 #ad4 ,velut occurs m commonly ?an ei!r quasi or tamquam 9 comp>isons3 see on #a #e velut opes qua$am1 & cp4 #ah1 #fa3 #c #c3 #e #ag3 #g #a4 ,s also #g #f ducetur ante omnia r]um ipsa s]ie velut duce4 ,,vi4 ,prepositions4 ,ab = #8on leav+1' z 9 ! poets & ,livy3 #e #ag ne ab illa1 9 qua cons5u]unt1 umbra discrim9a velut qu5dam solem re=mid5t3 cp4 xi4 #c1 #bb3 i4 #f1 #be3 ,ov4 ,met4 iv4 #cbi3 ,pl94 ,n4 ,h4 xiv4 #g1 #i4 ,s 9 ,hom]1 ,il4 viii4 #ec 1 4 ,circa does duty 9 ,qu9tilian = 91 de1 ad1 erga1 c43 cp4 ! use ( 1 ) ! acc4 9 ,greek4 ,s #a #eb utiles circa praecepta s5t5tiae3 see note ad loc4 liii ,citra v (t5 /&s = s9e or praet]3 e4g4 citra lectionis exemplum #a #b1 :]e see note3 cp4 i4 #d1 #d neque citra music5 grammatice pote/ esse p]fecta4 ,9 ,cic]o citra is us$ only ( place4 ,! foll[+ prepositional expressions %\ld also be not$3-- ,ante omnia primum #a #c3 #b #d3 #g #f4 ,9 #a #c we h ante omnia1 proximum1 novissimum3 cp4 iv4 #b1 #eb ante omnia1 de9de3 iii4 #i1 #f ante omnia1 de9de1 tum1 po/remo4 ,cum eo quod is us$ z a transition =mula = ! ,cic]onian acc$it quod4 ,a c]ta9 case ( ?is usage occurs xii4 #aj1 #dg3 ! in/ance at x4 #g1 #ac has be5 *all5g$1 b see ! note4 ,ex integro4 ,qu9tilian pref]s ! use ( ex 9 su* phrases to de3 e4g4 x4 #a #bj 7:]e see note73 ex indu/ria ib43 & s ex abundanti1 ex pr(esso1 ex p>i1 c41 else:]e4 ,int] paucos1 #8z few h ev] be5'3 #c #ac int] paucos dis]tus4 ,p] quae 7quod7 ( ag5cy or in/rum5t3 #a #hg 9 iis p] quae nom5 e/ adsecutus4 ,propt] quae 7quod7 = quam ob rem1 especially 9 transitions3 see on #a #aj4 ,praet] id quod = praet]quam quod3 see on #a #bh4 ,s9e dubio4 ,! use ( ?is phrase at #a #ea may possibly be an in/ance ( ! peculi>ity not$ by ,spald+ on i4 #f1 #ab1 :]e he po9ts out t ,qu9tilian frequ5tly makes x /& = quidem1 9 clauses :]e ! idea is by s9e dubio made ( less acc\nt ?an "s o!r /atem5t imm$iately foll[+1 & introduc$ by tam5 or s$ 7z i4 #f1 #ab & #ad74 ,examples are v4 #g1 #bh s9e dubio 444 tam53 v4 #aj1 #ec & viii4 #c1 #fg s9e dubio 444 s$4 ,apply+ ?is to x4 #a1 #ea ,v]um hic omnes s9e dubio et 9 omni g5]e eloqu5tiae procul a se reliquit1 epicos tam5 praecipue1 we might br+ out ! con/ruction by r5d]+1 #8,b :ile ( c\rse 7or #8to be sure'7 ,hom] has out-di/anc$ all rivals1 9 e k9d ( eloqu5ce1 x is ! epic poets :om he leaves fur!/ beh9d4' ,cp4 on #c #ae4 ,,vii4 ,conjunctions4 ,"u ?is head may come ,adde quod1 a phrase :i* occurs sev5 times 9 ,qu9tilian1 five times 9 ! ,t5? ,book3 #a #c1 #af3 #b #aj1 #aa1 #ab3 xii4 #a1 #d & #aa1 #bi4 ,s*malz 7,ueb] d5 ,spra*gebrau* des ,as9ius ,pollio7 rem>ks t x mu/ be rank$ r ) ,pollio ad ,fam4 x4 #ca1 #d 7adde huc quod71 :]e quod is to be tak5 z a conjunction1 ?an ) ,cic4 ad ,att4 vi4 #a1 #g1 ad ,fam4 xiii4 #da1 #a 7addo etiam illud quod71 & ad ,fam4 xvi4 #af1 #a 7adde hoc quod71 :]e quod is a relative ref]r+ to ! =ego+ demon/rative4 ,! phrase is orig9ally liv poetical3 x is f\nd 9 ,attius1 frequ5tly 9 ,lucretius 7i4 #hdg3 iii4 #hbg3 iv4 #aaac71 9 ! ,satires & ,epi/les ( ,horace1 & ov] & ov] aga9 9 ,ovid3 ,v]gil seems to avoid x4 ,pollio probably introduc$ x into prose1 & f him x pass$ to o!rs3 ,s*malz ref]s to ,pl94 ,ep4 viii4 #ad1 #c3 iii4 #ad1 #f3 ,s54 #dj1 #d3 ,symma*4 #b1 #g3 #d1 #ga3 ,fronto1 p4 #ib ,n4 ,cum int]im #8?\gh all ! "t4' ,see note on #a #ah3 cp4 ,,iii4 ,dum 444 non /&s = dummodo 444 non #c #g3 cp4 xii4 #aj1 #dh4 ,! usage is poetical4 ,dummodo does n occur 9 ,qu9tilian4 ,enim occurs1 con=mably to classical usage1 9 ! ?ird place aft] a ^w prec$$ by a preposition3 e4g4 ad pr(ectum enim #c #ae3 & s frequ5tly aft] sum1--#b #aj necesse e/ enim3 #a #ad3 #g #ae1 #bd3 #b #ai4 ,b nihil enim e/ #a #gh1 :]e ,krg] sugge/s nihil enim ine/4 ,etsi4 ,z x is g5]ally /at$ t etsi does n occur 9 ,qu9tilian x may be well to include x "h4 ,in/ances are i4 pr4 #ai3 i4 #e1 #bh3 v4 #ac1 #c3 ix4 i1 #ai4 ,ideoque is con/antly us$ = itaque4 ,see note on #a #ba4 ,licet etsi1 z sometimes 9 ,cic]o3 #a #ii3 ii4 #b1 #h & passim4 ,quamlibet & quamquam4 ,qu9tilian uses ^! words 79 clauses :i* conta9 no v]b7 along ) adjectives1 p>ticiples1 & adv]bs3 #c #ai nam 9 /ilo quidem quamlibet prop]ato3 cp4 viii4 #f1 #d oratione quamlibet cl>a3 xii4 #h1 #g quamlibet v]bose3 xi4 #a1 #cd quamquam pl5a sangu9is4 ,a simil> use ( quamvis is less uncommon 9 o!r writ]s3 cp4 #a #gd quamvis bonorum3 ib4 #id quamvis uno libra 7:]e see note74 ,see ,madvig on ,cic4 de ,f94 v4 #fh4 ,quia is sometimes us$ :]e quod 7eo quod7 might h be5 expect$3 #a #ae hoc sunt exempla pot5tiora 444 quia3 cp4 #e #ad ,declamationes v]o 444 sunt utilissimae quia 7,halm7 inv5tionem et dispositionem p>it] ex]c5t4 ,s i4 #f1 #ci nam et auctoritatem antiquitatis hab5t 7sc4 v]ba a vetu/ate repetita7 et1 quia int]missa sunt1 gratiam novitati similem p>ant4 ,cp4 non quia non 7) ! subjunctive7 x4 #g1 #ai & #ca3 s ii4 #b1 #b3 iv4 #a1 #e1 #fe3 viii4 #c1 #db3 ix4 #a1 #bc2 #d1 #bj4 ,quoque (t5 occurs alongside ( an adjective1 to increase its =ce1 :]e old] writ]s w\ld h _h vel or etiam3 #a #bj ex indu/ria quoque3 #b #ad 9 magnis quoque auctoribus3 cp4 #a #aba cet]um int]ceptus quoque magnum sibi v9dicat locum3 ii4 ,,ii1 ,i exemplo magni quoque nom9is pr(essorum4 ,quoti5s cum3 #d #c3 #g #bi4 ,cp4 iv4 #a1 #gf3 viii4 #c1 #ee4 ,= ! re/1 ,qu9tilian's /yle _c be call$ arti/ic4 ,x is inde$ g5]ally cle> & simple3 in/ances ( obscurity are v (t5 traceable to ! #8insanabilis error' 9 ! old text1 ( :i* ,leon>do wrote lv to ,poggio1 & :i* ! progress ( criticism has done s mu* to rem$y4 ,x is also free f all bomba/ & excessive embelli%m5t4 ,b !re is little ( ! graceful & ample movem5t ( ! ,cic]onian p]iod3 ! s5t5ce (t5 halts1 z x 71 !re are frequ5t in/ances ( h>% expression1 & ! p]iods are awkw>dly con/ruct$4 ,qu9tilian 0 n an arti/ 9 /yle4 ,probably ! te*nicalities ( 8 subject kept him f ?9k+ too mu* ( su* matt]s z rhy?m1 cad5ce1 & h>mony4 ,8 ma9 object 0 to say cle>ly & directly :at he want$ to say1 )\t lay+ too great /ress on ! =m 9 :i* x 0 ca/4 ,! lead+ ?\ght is g5]ally /at$ at once1 & ev]y?+ subord9ate to x is left to take c>e ( itself4 ,h5ce x is t causal clauses are all[$ to come dragg+ 9 at ! end ( a s5t5ce 7x4 #b #ac & #bc71 & adjectival or attributive clauses /& by !mselves 9 a position ( rem>kable isolation 7vel ob hoc memoria dignum #a #hj3 rebus tam5 acuti magis quam1 c4 #a #hd3 cp4 #he1 #ie1 #ajc74 ,relative s5t5ces also are introduc$ 9 a deta*$ sort ( fa%ion 7#a #hj3 #b #bh74 ,! ?\ght is sometimes h>d to foll[ 7z notably 9 ! op5+ sections ( ! ,t5? ,book3 cp4 #b #ac & #bj1 #ba2 #g #g71 because ! composition is n fram$ z a h>moni\s :ole3 ! transition p>ticles are loosely us$ 7see on nam #a #ab3 cp4 #ej1 #g #ca3 quidem #a #hh71 & are sometimes want+ altoge!r1 especially 9 ! case ( figures sudd5ly & abruptly introduc$ 7see on #a #d3 cp4 #g #a74 ,in/ances ( a m or less artificial /riv+ aft] v>iety ( expression are (t5 met )3 e4g4 #a #cf1 #da1 #hc1 #ajb4 ,9 ! ord] ( words !re is sometimes ! same dep>ture f cu/om>y usage 7#a #aji1 #b #ag71 especially 9 ! case ( prop] names 7#a #hf ,afro ,domitio = ,domitio ,afro3 cp4 ,atac9us ,v>ro #hg3 ,bassus ,aufidius #ajc7ga4 ,con/ructions frequ5tly occur3 #a #fe3 #aje3 #g #be4 ,"u ?is head may be includ$ ! omission ( ! subject3 #a #g congregat3 #ff p]mis]unt3 #g #d malit 444 possit3 & ( words to be suppli$ f ! context1 #a #ef cong]5tes3 #a #g solitos3 #a #ajg quibus nihil ille3 #a #abc qui ubique3 #b #bd3 #c #be4 ,9 ! same way esse is frequ5tly omitt$ = ! sake ( brevity3 #a #ag1 #ff1 #ij3 #d #a3 #e #f3 #g #g1 #bc4 ,la/ly !re are frequ5t in/ances ( inadv]t5t & neglig5t repetition3 #a #h1 #i1 #bc1 #id1 #aca3 #b #aa-ab3 #e #f-g3 #g #bc3 cp4 on #b #bc4 ,among m9or peculi>ities ( idiom are 7#a7 ,an almo/ excessive fondness = ! use ( ! p]fect subjunctive3 #a #ad dix]im3 #bf lvi malu]im3 #cg fu]it1 :]e see note3 s ev5 ut non dix]im 7ne dicam7 #a #gg & ut sic dix]im #b #ae4 7#b7 ,! use ( ! future indicative 9 dep5d5t clauses3 see on sciet #a #d1 & cp4 #b #bf1 #bh3 #c #bh3 #g #bh3 also z a mild imp]ative1 #a #eh rev]temur3 #c #ah sequemur2 #b #a r5untiabit3 #bc aptabimus4 7#c7 ,! frequ5t use ( ! inf9itive 9 con/ructions :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! ,silv] ,age3 7a7 ) v]bs1 z m]uit cr$i #a #gb3 qui esse docti adfectant #ig3 opt&um 444 fi]i #abg3 si consequi utrumque non dabitur #g #bb3 oppon]e v]e> #a #aja3 int]mitt]e v]emur #g #bf3 cp4 exp]tus iuv5em 444 habuisse #c #cb3 = dubit>e see on #a #gc3 7b7 ) adjectives1 legi dignus #a #if3 cont5tum id consequi #b #g4 7#d7 ,! sub/antival use ( ! g]und1 cet]aque g5]a prob&i ac refut&i #a #di3 lex or&i #a #gf3 inv5i5di #fi3 sive acum9e diss]5di sive eloqu5di facultate #a #ha3 cp4 loqu5di #hc3 eloqu5do #ajf3 nasc5di #c #d3 sali5di #c #f3 ib4 iacul&o3 adici5do #c #cb3 em5d&i #d #b3 cogit&i #g #be4 7#e7 ,quamquam ) subjunctive #a #cc3 #b #ba3 #g #ag3 =sitan ) indic4 #b #aj3 c4 ,among ! figures ( syntax may be m5tion$ 7#a7 ,anaphora1 or ! repetition ( ! same ^w at ! beg9n+ ( sev]al clauses3 e4g4 nulla v>ietas1 nullus adfectus1 nulla p]sona1 nulla cuiusquam sit oratio #a #ee3 cp4 #a #ii1 #aae1 #acj3 #b #b3 #c #c 7illic radices1 illic fundam5ta sunt1 illic opes1 c473 #i1 #bi3 #e #b1 #h3 #f #a2 7#b7 ,asyndeton3 e4g4 fac]e quam optime1 quam facillime possit #a #d3 #b #af3 #f #f3 #g #g1 #bf2 7#c7 ,*iasmus3 #e #ad 7alitur--r5ovatur7 & #ae 7ne c>m9e--reficiuntur73 #g #ae4 ,! frequ5t occurr5ce ( figures tak5 f ! gladiatorial ar5a or ! field ( battle may be made ! subject ( a conclud+ p>agraph#gb4 ,x is 9 keep+ ) ! m>tial "* ( ! ,romans t !re is no m f]tile s\rce ( metaphor 9 _! lit]ature ?an ! art ( w>1 :i* 0 inde$ _! fav\rite pursuit2 j z ! ,greeks drew _! images f no?+ m readily ?an f ! sea & ^? m>itime occupations 9 :i* !y 7 s mu* at home4 ,x is g5]ally to :at is mo/ famili> bo? to himself & to ^? :om he is address+ t a speak] or writ] has rec\rse 9 ord] to en=ce 8 mean+4 ,bo? ,cic]o & ,qu9tilian _h liv$ ?r\gh tr\bl\s times1 & x is little wond] t ev5 9 ! quiet repose ( _! rhetorical treatises we %\ld frequ5tly meet ) phrases & illu/rations 9 :i* we seem to he> ! noise ( battle4 ,& "u ! ,flavian emp]ors ! less s]i\s combats 9 ! ,coliseum _h come to be look$ ^u z great national lvii ent]ta9m5ts4 ,h5ce x 0 natural to picture ! orator1 ^: ma9 object is to w9 p]suasion1 z "o /riv+ = ! ma/]y ) weapons appropriate to ! w>f>e he is wag+4 ,no great] complim5t c be f\nd to pay to ,julius ,caes> ?an to say t #8he spoke z he f\ght'3 tanta 9 eo vis e/1 id acum51 ea concitatio1 ut illum eodem animo dixisse quo bellavit app>eat1 x4 #a1 #aad4 ,! orator mu/ always be on ! al]t1--ev] #8ready = battle1' 9 proc9ctu #a #b 7:]e see note73 if he _c take prompt action1 he might z well rema9 9 camp1--nullum erit1 si tam t>dum fu]it1 auxilium #d #d4 ,8 /yle mu/ be appropriate to ! matt] 9 h&3 id quoque vit&um ne 9 oratione poetas nobis et hi/oricos 444 imit&os putemus4 ,sua cuique proposito lex1 suus cuique decor e/ #b #ba-b4 ,victory mu/ ev] be ! end 9 view1--victory 9 :at is a real combat1 n a %am fight3 #a #bi-cj nos v]o armatos />e 9 acie et summis de rebus dec]n]e et ad victoriam niti3 #b #bg quam omnia1 etiam quae delectationi videantur data1 ad victoriam spect5t3 #a #gi ,isocrates 444 palae/rae quam pugnae magis accommodatus3 #a #ca totum opus 7hi/oria7 non ad actum rei pugnamque praes5tem1 s$ ad memoriam po/]itatis et +5ii famam componitur4 ,! orator mu/ h all ! wiry vig\r ( an exp]i5c$ campaign]1 & 8 weapons ought n to be made = %[3 #a #cc dum 444 mem9]imus non a?let>um toris s$ militum lac]tis opus esse1 nec v]sicolorem illam1 qua ,demetrius ,phal]eus dicebatur uti1 ve/em b5e ad =5sem pulv]em fac]e3 #a #cj ,neque ego arma squal]e situ ac rubig9e velim1 s$ fulgorem 9 iis esse qui t]reat1 qualis e/ f]ri1 quo m5s simul visusque prae/r+itur1 non qualis auri arg5tique1 imbellis et potius hab5ti p]iculosus3 cp4 #a #fj cum validae tum breves vibrantesque s5t5tiae1 plurimum sangu9is atque n]vorum3 #a #gg c>nis tam5 plus habet 7,aes*9es7 m9us lac]torum3 #b #ab quo fit ut m9us sangu9is ac virium declamationes habeant quam orationes3 #a #aae v]um sangu9em p]didisse4 ,z soon z possible he mu/ add practice to !ory3 #a #d1 cp4 #e #ai-bj 7iuv5is7 iudiciis int]sit quam plurimis et sit c]tam9is cui de/9atur frequ5s spectator 444 et1 quod 9 gladiatoribus fi]i videmus1 decretoriis ex]ceatur3 #c #c vires faciamus ante omnia1 quae sufficiant labori c]tam9um et usu non exhauriantur4 ,8 :ole activity is t ( ! battle-field3 :e!r he is = ! prosecution or ! def5ce1 he mu/ ei!r ov]come 8 adv]s>y or succumb to him3 cp4 #a #ajf pugnat ille 7,demo/h5es7 acum9e semp]1 hic 7,cic]o7 frequ5t] et pond]e3 #abj ut esset multo magis pugnans4 ,& he mu/ n l+] too long ov] prep>atory ex]cises1 o!rwise 8 arm\r w ru/ & 8 jo9ts lose _! suppl5ess3 #e #af nam si nobis sola mat]ia fu]it ex litibus1 necesse e/ det]atur fulgor et durescat articulus et ipse ille mucro +5ii cotidiana pugna retundatur4 lviii ,v4 ,manuscripts4 ,9 ?is f9al section ( ! ,introduction1 l9ks h be5 omitt$ because !y w\ld h be5 m di/ract+ ?an useful4 ,consid]able int]e/ atta*es to ! /udy ( ! manuscripts ( ,qu9tilian1 ! olde/ ( :i* may be gr\p$ 9 ?ree ma9 divisions3 7#a7 ! complete manuscripts1 7#b7 ! incomplete1 & 7#c7 ! mix$4 ,! mo/ important repres5tative ( ! fir/ class is ! ,codex ,ambrosianus1 a manuscript ( ! #aj? or #aa? c5tury1 n[ at ,milan4 ,z we h x n[1 x is un=tunately 9 a mutilat$ condition1 ne>ly a f\r? "p ( ! folios hav+ be5 lo/ 7f ix4 #d1 #ace argum5ta acria et cit4 to xii4 #aa1 #bb antiquitas ut possit74 ,halm secur$ a new & tru/wor?y collation ( ?is ,,ms41 di/+ui%+ c>efully betwe5 ! orig9al text & ! read+s ( ! second h&4 ,al?\gh n[ 9 ! defective condition above indicat$1 ! ,ambrosianus mu/ h be5 orig9ally complete4 ,9 ?is x diff]s f ! repres5tatives ( ! second family ( ,,mss41 ! mo/ valuable memb] ( :i*--! ,b]n5sis--is ( ev5 great] importance = ! con/itution ( ! text ?an ! ,ambrosianus1 at lea/ 9 ^? p>ts :i* x conta9s4 ,x is ! olde/ ( all ! kn[n manuscripts ( ,qu9tilian1 belong+ to ! #aj? c5tury4 ,! peculi>ity :i* x %>es ) ! o!r memb]s ( its family is t x conta9s c]ta9 great lacunae1 :i* mu/ h exi/$ also 9 ! manuscript f :i* x 0 copi$1 z !y are indicat$ 9 ! ,b]n5sis by blank spaces4 ,! size ( ! fir/ lacuna v>ies ) ! =tunes ( ! p>ticul> codex3 9 ! ,b]n5sis x ext5ds f ! beg9n+ to #b #e 7licet1 et nihilo m9us74 ,! o!rs are id5tical 9 all cases3 v4 #ad1 #ab--viii4 #c1 #fd3 viii4 #f1 #ag--viii4 #f1 #fg3 ix4 #c1 #b--x4 #a1 #ajg 7nulla cont5tio73 xi4 #a1 #ga--xi4 #b1 #cc3 & xii4 #aj1 #dc to ! end4 ,to ! same family z ! ,b]n5sis belongs ! ,bamb]g5sis ,a1 :i* 0 directly copi$ f ! ,b]n5sis n long aft] ! latt] _h be5 writt53 x also is ( ! #aj? c5tury4 ,b inasmu* z 9 ! ,bamb]g5sis ! great lacunae 71 at a v e>ly date1 fill$ 9 by ano!r h& 7,bamb]g5sis ,g#gc71 ?is manuscript may n[ rank 9 ! ?ird gr\p1 :]e x became ! p>5t1 z ,i hope to %[ bel[1 ( ! lix ,h>leianus 7#bffd71 & ?r\gh ! ,h>leianus ( ! ,flor5t9us1 ,turic5sis1 & an innum]able company ( o!rs4 ,besides reproduc+ ,bamb]g5sis ,g1 ^! ,,mss4 foll[ = ! mo/ "p ! read+s introduc$ by a lat] h& 7call$ by ,halm b7 into ! orig9al ,bamb]g5sis ,a4 ,a rec5t exam9ation ( ! ,bamb]g5sis has sugge/$ a d\bt :e!r ! read+s kn[n z b1 :i* are (t5 ( a v faulty "*1 c h be5 d]iv$ f ! same codex z ,g4 ,halm's critical edition ( ,qu9tilian is f\nd$1 9 ! ma91 on ! manuscripts above m5tion$1 ) a few examples ( ! #ae? c5tury = ! p>ts :]e he _h only ! ,ambrosianus & ! ,bamb]g5sis ,g1 or ! latt] exclusively1 to rely on4 ,s9ce ! date ( ! publication ( 8 text 7#ahfh7 great progress has be5 made ) ! critical /udy ( ,qu9tilian4 ,9 #ahge ,,mm4 ,*atela9 & le ,c\ltre publi%$ a collation ( ! ,no/radam5sis 7see bel[71 ! ma9 results ( :i* h be5 incorporat$ 9 ,mei/]'s edition 7#ahhf-hg74 ,& 9 a critical edition ( ! ,fir/ ,book ( ! ,in/itutio 7#ahij7 ,m4 ,*4 ,fi]ville has giv5 a mo/ complete acc\nt ( all ! cont95tal manuscripts1 draw+ = ! purpose on a previ\s "w 9 :i* he _h already %[n pro( ( 8 int]e/ 9 ! subject 7,de ,qu9tilianeis ,codicibus1 #ahgd74 ,!re c be little d\bt t ,halm's critical in/9ct guid$ him aright 9 atta*+ supreme importance to ! ,b]n5sis 7) ,bamb]g5sis ,a71 ! ,ambrosianus1 & ,bamb]g5sis ,g4 ,b mu* has be5 d]iv$ f "s manuscripts ( :i* he took no acc\nt1 & !re is "o 9 p>ticul>1 :i* has hi!rto be5 /rangely ov]look$1 & to :i* prom95ce is accord+ly giv5 9 ?is edition4 ,be=e proce$+ to deal ) x1 ,i %all annex "h a brief notice ( ! v>i\s ,,mss4 :i* figure 9 ! ,critical ,notes1 gr\p$ 9 "o or o!r ( ! ?ree divisions giv5 above4 ,an editor ( ! ,t5? ,book ( ! ,in/itutio is especially b\nd to travel outside ! r n>r[ range ( ,halm's critical edition1 z s mu* ( ! exi/+ text 7d[n to #a #ajg7 has be5 bas$ ma9ly on ,bamb]g5sis ,g alone4 ,9 addition to collat+1 = ! purposes ( ?is edition1 su* ,,mss4 z ! ,ioann5sis at ,cambridge1 ! ,bodleianus & ,balliol5sis at ,ox=d1 & ! v important ,h>leian codex1 ref]r$ to above1 ,i h also c>efully comp>$ eight #ae? c5tury manuscripts 9 ! hope 7:i* ! ,critical ,app5dix w %[ to h be5 n entirely disappo9t$7 ( glean+ some?+ new4 ,?is "p ( ! pres5t "w may be reg>d$ z supplem5t+1 = ?is c\ntry1 :at ,m4 ,*4 ,fi]ville has already s labori\sly accompli%$ = ! manuscripts ( ! ,cont95t4 ,( ! fir/ family1 ! out/&+ example is ! ,ambrosianus4 ,! resemblances betwe5 x & ,bamb]g5sis ,g are suffici5t to %[ t lx ! manuscript f :i* ! latt] 0 copi$ probably belong$ to ! same class4 ,b ?is manuscript1 :i* mu/ h be5 complete 7l ! ,ambrosianus orig9ally71 has altoge!r disappe>$3 "o ( ! great objects = ext5d+ ! /udy ( ! ,,mss4 ( ,qu9tilian beyond ! limits obs]v$ by ,halm is ! hope ( be+ able to di/+ui% betwe5 su* examples z may seem 7l ! ,dorvilianus at ,ox=d7 to pres]ve "s ( ! traditions ( ! family1 & ^? ^: orig9 may be cle>ly trac$ back to ,bamb]g5sis ,a & ,g4 ,= all ! complete ,,mss4 ( ,qu9tilian 9 exi/5ce mu/ be d]iv$ ei!r f ?is family or f ! mix$ gr\p ( :i* ! ,bamb]g5sis1 9 its pres5t =m1 seems to be ! und\bt$ orig9al4 ,9 ! second gr\p we mu/ include1 n mu* inf]ior to ! ,b]n5sis1 ! ,p>is9us ,no/radam5sis 7,n7 ,bibl4 ,nat4 fonds lat9 #ahebg4 ,x is an indep5d5t transcript 9 all probability ( ! incomplete ,,ms4 f :i* ! ,b]n5sis 0 copi$1 & z su* has a di/9ct value ( its own4 ,x is ascrib$ to ! #aj? c5tury4 ,= ! read+s ( ?is codex ,i h be5 able to comp>e a collation made by ,m4 ,fi]ville 9 #ahgb1 ) t publi%$ by ,,mm4 ,*atela9 & le ,c\ltre 9 #ahge4 ,!n !re is ! ,codex ,ioann5sis 79 ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge71 a rec5t exam9ation ( :i* has %[n me t ! acc\nt giv5 ( x by ,spald+ 7vol4 ii4 pr4 p4 #d7 mu/ be am5d$ 9 "s p>ticul>s4 ,9 its pres5t condition x beg9s ) con/>et 7i4 #b1 #c71 b a portion ( ! fir/ page has be5 cut away = ! sake ( ! ornam5tal lett]3 orig9ally ! ,,ms4 mu/ h begun at ! beg9n+ ( ! second *apt]1 l ! ,no/radam5sis1 ! ,vossiani #a & #b1 ! ,codex ,puteanus1 & ,p>is9us #ggba 7see ,fi]ville1 p4 #afe74 ,aga91 ! read+ at xi4 #b1 #cc is cle>ly multiplici1 n ut duplici1 & 9 ?is x agrees ) ! ,montpelli] ,,ms4 7,pi?oeanus71 :i* is kn[n to be a copy 7#aa? c5tury7 ( ! ,b]n5sis 7see ,m4 ,bonnet 9 ,revue de ,phil4 #ahhg74 ,a rem>kable feature ab\t ?is ,,ms4 is ! numb] ( inv]sions :i* ! writ] sets himself to make 9 ! text4 ,^! ,i h n includ$ 9 ! ,critical ,notes1 b "s ( !m may be subjo9$ "h1 z !y may help to e/abli% ! d]ivation ( ?is manuscript4 ,! codex f :i* x 0 copi$ mu/ h be5 illegible 9 p>ts3 ?is is probably ! explanation ( su* omissions 7! space be+ left blank7 z tum 9 ipsis 9 x4 #b1 #ad1 & virtutis ib4 #ae4 ,x is writt5 9 a v small & neat h&1 ) no contempor>y indication ( ! great lacunae1 & may be ascrib$ to ! #ac? c5tury4 ,x agrees g5]ally ) ! ,b]n5sis1 ?\gh !re are /rik+ resemblances also to ! ,prat5sis 7see p4 lxiii & note74 ,among ! inv]sions ref]r$ to are ! foll[+3--x4 #c1 #a sic etiam utilitatis1 = sic utilitatis etiam3 ib4 #cj oratione cont9ua1 = cont9ua oratione3 #e #h alia propriis alia translatis virtus1 = alia lxi translatis virtus alia propriis3 #g #ba /ultis eruditi1 = /ulti eruditis3 ib4 #bh solum summum1 = summum solum4 ,"s ( ^! peculi>ities 7e4g4 ! inv]sion at #e #h7 x %>es ) ! ,leyd5 ,,mss4--! ,vossiani i4 & iii41 a collation ( :i* is giv5 9 ,burmann's edition3 ^! codices ,m4 ,fi]ville assigns to t division ( 8 fir/ gr\p 9 :i* ! ,no/radam5sis heads ! li/ 7see bel[1 p4 lxiv74 ,i may note also ! read+s vid]it bona et inv5it 7 #b #bj71 :i* ,ioan4 %>es ) ,voss4 iii43 potius lib]tas i/a 7 #c #bd7 ,ioan4 & ,voss4 i42 ub]tate--= lib]tate--7 #e #ae7 ,ioan4 ,voss4 i4 & iii4 ,to ! same family belongs ! ,codex ,salmant9us1 a #ab? or #ac? c5tury manuscript 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,salamanca4 ,m4 ,fi]ville1 :o k9dly plac$ at my disposal 8 collation ( ! ,t5? ,book1 ?9ks x mu/ h be5 indirectly d]iv$ f ! ,b]n5sis4 ,he notes "s hundr$ v>iants 9 :i* x diff]s f ! ,no/radam5sis 7mo/ ( !m be+ ! errors ( a copyi/71 & "s ?irty-sev5 places 9 :i*1 :ile diff]+ f ! ,no/radam5sis1 x agrees ) ! ,b]n5sis & ! ,bamb]g5sis4 ,?is ,,ms4 also gives ub]tate 9 #e #ae 3 x agrees 9 %[+ ! important read+ alte refossa 9 #c #b 3 & resembles ! ,ioann5sis 9 c]ta9 m9or omissions1 e4g4 c]ta be=e necessitate 9 #e #ae 3 idem be=e labor&um 9 #g #d 3 et be=e consuetudo 9 #g #h 3 cp4 subiunctura sunt = subiuncturus e/ #g #i 4 ,= o!r co9cid5ces see ! ,critical ,app5dix4 ,9 ! same gr\p mu/ be includ$ two ,,mss4 ( fir/-class importance = ! text ( ,qu9tilian1 = a collation ( :i* 7z ( ! ,codex ,salmant9us7 ,i am indebt$ to ! k9dness ( ,m4 ,fi]ville4 ,!y are ! ,codex ,pral5sis 7,no4 #adadf fonds lat9 de la ,biblio?que nationale71 ( ! #ab? c5tury1 & ! ,codex ,puteanus 7,no4 #ggai7 ( ! #ac?4 ,! =m] is ! "w ( ti5ne de ,r\51 a monk ( ! ,abbey ( ,bec1 & x consi/s ( extracts f ! ,in/itutio am\nt+ to ne>ly a ?ird ( ! :ole4 ,!re are eighty sections1 ( :i* #gf 7de figuris v]borum7 includes x4 #a #ajh-aca2 #gg 7de imitatione7 consi/s ( x4 #b1 #a-bh2 #gh 7quomodo dict&um sit7 ( x4 #c1 #a-cb2 & #gi 7de laude scriptorum tam ,graecorum quam ,lat9orum7 ( x4 #a1 #df-ajg4 ,! importance ( ?is codex arises f ! fact t x is an und\bt$ transcript ( ! ,becc5sis1 n[ lo/4 ,! ,becc5sis is suppos$ by ,m4 ,fi]ville 7,introd4 p4 lxxvii4 sq47 to h belong$ to ! #i? or #aj? c5tury1 9 :i* case x w\ld take1 if extant1 at lea/ equal rank ) ! ,b]n5sis4 ,t x 0 an indep5d5t copy ( "s old] ,,ms4 seems to be prov$1 n only by ! v>iants 9 ! ,prat5sis1 b also by ! fact t bo? ! ,prat5sis & ! ,puteanus 7:i* is also a transcript ( ! ,becc5sis7 %[ a lacuna aft] ! ^w mutatis 9 lxii x4 #c1 #cb4 ,?is lacuna mu/ h exi/$ 9 ! ,becc5sis1 ?\gh !re is no trace ( x else:]e4 ,guid$ by ! s5se1 ti5ne de ,r\5 add$ ! words correctum fuisse tabellis 9 8 copy 7! ,prat5sis73 ! text runs codicibus esse sublatum4 ,! g5]al "* ( ! read+s ( ! ,prat5sis may be ga!r$ f a comp>ison ( passages 9 ! ,critical ,app5dix to ?is volume4 ,among o!r v>iants1 ! foll[+ may be m5tion$1--& x w be se5 t c]ta9 peculi> features 9 "s ( ! ,,mss4 us$ by ,halm 7notably ,s7 probably arose ei!r f ! ,prat5sis or f its prototype1 ! ,becc5sis4 ,at x4 #a4 #ej ,prat1 gives 7l ,s7 rogantis ,a*ill5 ,priami precibus1 :ile mo/ codd4 h ,priami be=e rogantis3 ib4 #ec eloqu5tie 7s ,put4 ,s #gbca1 #gfif7 = eloqu5di3 ib4 sup]atum 7s ,put47 = sup]>i3 #ee aequalem cr$idit p>em 7z ,put4 ,s ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga73 #fg idque ego 7z ,put4 ,s7 = idque ego sane3 #fh qui fu]unt & also v]o1 omitt$ 7z 9 ,put4 ,s73 s also t5ebras #gb1 valu]unt #hd 7z #gbca1 #gfif71 & vet]um #ig3 at #ie ,prat1 gives et eruditissimos = et doctissimos1 & h5ce ! omission ( erudit4 9 ,s4 ,on ! :ole1 ! /udy ( ! text ( ! ,prat5sis seems to give additional confid5ce 9 ! read+s ( ,g3 = example #ih imp]>e 7z ,put473 #aja cess]it 7,put4 #gbca1 #gfif73 ib4 nec indignetur4 ti5ne de ,r\5 c>efully omitt$ all ! ,greek words :i* he f\nd 9 8 orig9al1 & ?is /r5g!ns ! cont5tion t 9 #a #hg 7see ,crit4 ,notes1 & cp4 #db7 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,greek4 ,at #b #bj quem sup]ius in/itui = quem in/itu]am 9 libra secundo is an indication ( ! fact t ti5ne de ,r\5 0 mak+ a comp5dium ( ! ,in/itutio1 & n transcrib+ ! :ole treatise4 ,?is probably detracts f ! significance ( ^? read+s :i* seem to be peculi> to ! ,prat5sis1 among :i* may be not$ #a #dh putat = cr$itum e/ 7:]e ,put4 has c]tissimum73 #ei ad exemplum maxime p]manebit 7ad exitum ,put4 & ,s73 #gh prop9quior = propior3 #hj m$iocri = m$io3 #ha assurgit = surgit3 #aji 9 utroque = 9 quoque4 ,peculi> read+s :i* ,prat4 %>es ) ! ,puteanus 7& :i* 7 !re=e probably 9 ! ,becc5sis7 are #df 9 magnis = 9 magnis rebus3 #di innuit = nuntiat3 #ej excessit = exc$it3 #ed ne virtus = ne utrius 7neutrius73 #eg ignoro ergo 7,s7 = ignoro igitur3 #fc plurimumque oratio3 #fh 9 affectibus communibus mirus3 #gi disc]n5di = dic5di3 #ajg nom9is lat9i = lat9i s]monis4 ,at #a #gb ,prat4 has qui ut a pravis sui temporis ,m5&ro 7,put4 ut pravis71 & ?is became 9 ,s ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga qui quamvis sui temp4 ,m54 ,!re are frequ5t inv]sions1 e4g4 dic5di g5]e #eb 7,put473 ,attici s]monis 7,put47 #fe3 plus ,attio 7,put47 #ig3 cuicumque eorum ,cic]onem 7z ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif7 #aje3 sit nobis #aab3 lxiii e/ autem 7z ,ioan47 #aae3 =um illu/rator 7z ,ioan47 #abb3 cr$itus sum #abe3 dignis lectione #b #a3 possumus sp]>e #i3 nemo v]o eum #aj3 aliquo tam5 9 loco aliquid #bd3 sci5tia mov5di #bg3 ipso op]e #c #h3 se res facilius #i3 desp]atio etiam #ad3 vox exaudiri #be3 praecipue 9 hoc #bf3 possunt semp] #bhgd4 ,f ! li/ ( read+s giv5 above1 x w be se5 t ! ,codex ,puteanus is 9 g5]al agreem5t ) ! ,prat5sis1 ea* be+ an indep5d5t copy ( ! same orig9al4 ,! v>iants giv5 by ?is ,,ms4 w be f\nd 9 ! ,critical ,app5dix = ! "p ( ! ,t5? ,book collat$ by ,m4 ,fi]ville1 #a #df-ajg4 ,at times x is ev5 m 9 agreem5t ?an ! ,prat5sis ) ! lat] family1 ( :i* ,halm took ,s z ! typical example3 e4g4 #a #fa spiritu3 ib4 m]ito omitt$3 #gb possunt dec]n]e 7= possis dec]p]e--possis dec]n]e ,prat474 ,9 ! arrangem5t introduc$ by ti5ne de ,r\5 9 ! ,prat5sis1 ! la/ two sections 7#gi & #hj7 consi/ respectively ( x4 #a #df-ajg1 & xii4 #aj #aj-ae4 ,^! portions ( ! ,in/itutio mu/ h =m$ "p ( ! mutilat$ orig9al f :i* ! ,becc5sis 0 copi$1 & !y h be5 reproduc$ sep>ately along ) #a #ajh-aca 9 two ,p>is ,,mss4 7#gbca & #gfif71 a collation ( :i* has be5 put at my disposal by ,m4 ,fi]ville4 ,! fir/ is a mix$ codex ( ! #ab? c5tury1 conta9+ n9e sep>ate works1 ( :i* ! extracts f ,qu9tilian =m "o4 ,! second1 also ( ! #ab? c5tury1 belong$ to ! ,abbey ( ,fleury-sur-,loire1 & comprises five treatises besides ! ,qu9tilian4 ,9 bo? ! title runs ,qu9tilianus1 libro ,x ,in/4 ,orator4 ,qui auctores ,graecorum maxime leg5di4 ,m4 ,fi]ville /ates 7,introd4 p4 lxxxv47 t ( =ty-five v>iants :i* he comp>$ 7x4 #a #df-fh7 9 ! ,prat5sis1 ,puteanus1 #gbca1 & #gfif1 tw5ty-eight occur 9 ! two =m] only1 eight 9 ! two latt]1 & n9e 9 all f\r4 ,he adds t ! ,vossiani i4 & iii4 resemble ! two =m] m ne>ly ?an ! two latt]4 ,bo? #gbca & #gfif agree 9 giv+ ! usual collocation at #ej illis ,priami rogantis ,a*ill53 at #ei ! =m] has ad exim1 ! latt] ad exi3 at #fa bo? give eum nem9i cr$it1 omitt+ m]ito 7z ,put4 & ,s73 at #fh namque is et s]mone 7z ,prat43 namque s]mone ,put473 ib4 9 dic5do ac respond5do 7,prat4 ,put4 9 dic5do et 9 resp473 #gb 7app>5tly7 ut pravis sui temporis iudiciis3 #hb f9xisse s]monem 7z ,prat4 ,put4 & mo/ codd473 #hc ac v>ietate3 #hh laud&us p>tibus 7laud&is "p4 ,prat4 ,put4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga73 #ia visum 7visum e/ ,prat4 ,put473 #ih s5es lxiv non p>um tragicum 7,prat4 ,put4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga73 #ajg ,lat9i nom9is3 #aba leve 7,prat4 ,n74 ,9 #ih ,?ye/es is omitt$ 9 bo? 7also 9 ,prat4 ,put473 is ?is a sign t ! "n 0 writt5 9 ,greek 9 ! orig9al8 ,9 #gbca ,i h not$ two inv]sions :i* d n seem to appe> 9 #gfif3 d$it exemplum et ortum #a #df3 proximus aemul>i #fb4 ,m4 ,fi]ville classifies ! v>i\s memb]s ( ! :ole family ( ,,mss4 :i* has j be5 review$ 9 five sub-divisions4 ,! fir/ includes ! ,b]n5sis1 ,bamb]g5sis ,a1 ,ambrosianus ii41 ,pi?oeanus 7^! two are direct copies ( ! ,b]n5sis71 ,salmant9us1 ?ree ,p>is codices 7#ggbj1 #ggbb & ,didot71 & probably ! ,ioann5sis4 ,9 ! second he ranks ! ,no/radam5sis1 ,vossiani i4 & iii41 & a ,p>is ,,ms4 7#ggba73 9 ! ?ird ! ,becc5sis1 ,prat5sis1 & ,puteanus3 9 ! f\r? a codex ,vaticanus1 ref]r$ to by ,spald+3 & 9 ! fif? ! fragm5ts j dealt ) 7#gbca1 #gfif74 ,( ^! he rightly consid]s ! ,b]n5sis1 ,bamb]g5sis1 ,no/radam5sis1 ,prat5sis1 & ,puteanus to be ( greate/ importance = ! con/itution ( ! text4 ,at ! head ( ! ?ird gr\p ( ! manuscripts ( ,qu9tilian mu/ n[ be plac$ ! ,codex ,h>leianus 7#bffd71 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,briti% ,museum#ge4 ,?is manuscript 0 fir/ describ$ by ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,purs] 9 ,h]ma!na 7,no4 xii41 #ahhf72 & to 8 notice ( x ,i am n[ able to add a /atem5t ( its hi/ory & a pretty c]ta9 indication ( ! relation x be>s to o!r kn[n codices4 ,z to date1 x _c be plac$ lat] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! #aa? c5tury4 ,!re are 9 ! m>g9 m>ks :i* %[ cle>ly t at an e>ly date x 0 us$ to supply ! great lacunae 9 "s ,,ms4 ( ! fir/ or incomplete class2 "o ( ^! %\ld h appe>$ 9 ! m>g9 ( ! annex$ facsimile1 a be+ us$ at ! beg9n+ & b 7z "h x4 #a1 #ajg7 at ! end ( ! p>ts to be extract$4 ,! manuscript conta9s #ahh folios & #bd quat]nions1 & is writt5 9 "o column4 ,at ! beg9n+ ! writ+ is l>g] ?an subsequ5tly1 j z ! fir/ "p ( ! ,bamb]g5sis is l>g] ?an ,g1 :i* ! ,h>leianus 7,h7 closely resembles4 ,on fols4 #ij-ia ! h& is m rec5t1 & ! writ+ is 9 d>k] ink3 fols4 #fa-fh seem to h be5 suppli$ lat]4 ,!re is a blank ( eight l9es at ! end ( #afav41 :]e ,book xi4 *4 #a concludes2 *4 #b beg9s at ! top ( ! next page4 ,!re is also a blank l9e 7z 9 ,bn & ,bg7 at iii4 #h1 #cj1 ?\gh no?+ is want+ 9 ! text4 ,! result ( my inve/igations has be5 to id5tify ?is important manuscript ) ! ,codex ,dusseldorpianus1 :i* we "k disappe>$ f ! libr>y at ,dsseldorf be=e ,gesn]'s "t4 ,9 ! preface to lxv 8 edition ( #agch1 #bj1 he describes x1 on ! evid5ce ( "o :o _h se5 x1 z #8,poggianis temporibus c]te priorem1 necdum1 quod sciatur1 rec5tiori aetate a quoquam collatum'3 its rem>kable fre$om f v>iants & em5dations sugge/s t x mu/ h la9 long unnotic$4 ,:5 ,gesn] want$ to ref] to x1 he f\nd x 0 gone3 #8t&em comp]tum e/ mala fraude nescio quorum hom9um et hunc et alios r>issimos codices esse subductos4' ,x _h1 9 fact1 be5 sold by ! ,dsseldorf libr>ian1 possibly act+ "u ord]s4 ,! di>y ( ,humphrey ,wanley1 ,h>ley's libr>ian1 %[s t he b\ght x 7along ) sev]al o!r manuscripts7 on ! #f? ,augu/1 #agbd1 f ,sig4 ,john ,james ,zamboni1 ,resid5t ,*>g d',affaires 9 ,engl& = ! ,elector ( ,hesse ,d>m/adt4 ,zamboni's correspond5ce is 9 ! ,bodleian at ,ox=d2 & ,i h asc]ta9$1 by exam9+ x1 t he receiv$ ! ,h>leian manuscript ( ,qu9tilian f ,m4 ,b*els1 :o 0 libr>ian ( ! ,c\rt libr>y at ,dsseldorf 9 ! beg9n+ ( la/ c5tury1 & ) :om ,zamboni drove a regul> trade 9 manuscripts4 #8,! correspond5ce' 7to quote f :at has already be5 writt5 else:]e7 #8is ( a v int]e/+ "*1 & ?r[s light on ! prov5ance ( sev]al ( ! ,h>leian ,,mss4 ,! transactions ( ! pair beg9 9 #agba1 :5 ,b*els receives #abjj flor9s 7n )\t mu* dunn+7 = a consignm5t ( pr9t$ books4 ,zamboni1 :o 0 some?+ ( a hum\ri/1 is con/antly endeav\r+ to beat d[n ! libr>ian's prices3 8j'aime les beaux livres10 he says on "o occasion1 :5 pret5d+ t he w n ent]ta9 a c]ta9 (f]1 8j'aime les beaux livres1 mais je ne hais pas l'arg5t40 ,! trade 9 ,,mss4 began 9 #agbd1 :5 ,b*els s5t a li/ f :i* ,zamboni select$ elev5 codices1 assur+ 8 correspond5t t if he w\ld only be reasonable !y w\ld soon come to t]ms4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye> he (f]s #ejj flor9s = ! lot1 prote/+ t he _h no int5tion ( sell+ aga93 8sa*ez1 ,monsieur1 que je ne v\s a*te pas les livres p\r les rev5dre40 ,?ree weeks aft] x came to h&1 he made ov] ! :ole consignm5t to ,h>ley's libr>ian4 ,x includ$ our ,qu9tilian & ! great ,vitruvius--! entries 9 ,zamboni's lett]s correspond+ exactly ) ^? 9 ,wanley's di>y4 ,9 ! end ( ! same mon? ,zamboni is writ+ to ,b*els = m1 prote/+ t 8 great ambition is to make a 8trs jolie collection0 ( ,,mss4 7,bodl4 ,,mss4 ,add4 ,d1 #ff74' ,:at ! hi/ory ( ! ,h>leianus may h be5 be=e x came to ,dsseldorf1 ,i h be5 unable to asc]ta94 ,! only clue is a scrawl on ! fir/ page3 ,i/e lib] e/ maioris ecclesiae4 ,?is ,mr4 ,purs] has ascrib$1 ) great probability1 to ,/rasburg4 ,! ,codex ,flor5t9us has an inscription %[+ t x 0 giv5 by ,bi%op ,w]9h>ius 7! lxvi fir/ ( t "n1 #ajjj-ajbi87 to ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>y at ,/rasburg2 & ,wyphel+1 :o made a catalogue ( ! libr>y !re 7circ4 #aejh71 says ( ?is bi%op3 #8multa d$it ecclesiae suae praes]tim multos prae/antissimos libros antiquissimis *>act]ibus scriptos2 quorum adhuc aliqui 9 biblio!ca maioris ecclesiae repositi vid5tur4' ,?is %[s t !re 0 a great] & a less *ur* at ,/rasburg1 to ! latt] ( :i* ! ,,ms4 may =m]ly h belong$4 ,& if1 z is n[ g5]ally believ$1 nei!r ! ,flor5t9us nor ! ,turic5sis c be consid]$ id5tical ) ! manuscript :i* r\s$ ! en?usiasm ( ! lit]>y _w :5 ,poggio discov]$ x 9 #adaf1 x is n impossible t we may h recov]$ t manuscript 9 ! ,h>leianus1 if we c conceive ( its hav+ migrat$ f ,/rasburg to ,/4 ,gall4 ,! foll[+ p>agraph appe>$ 9 ! book z a s+le-%eet ,add5dum label$ 8,place opposite p4 lxvi40 ,its orig9al location 0 !re=e at ! po9t 8444! ins]tion at a wrong place 9 ! _/_/ text4440 9 ! second p>agraph aft] ! ,add5dum4 ,writ+ 9 ! #8,neue ,heidelb]g] ,jahrb*]' 7#ahia1 p4 #bch sqq471 ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,cl>k1 ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 supplies "s v int]e/+ in=mation 9 reg>d to ,zamboni's pur*ases4 ,x seems t ,zamboni 0 able to tell ,"l ,ox=d's libr>ian t ! ,,mss4 :i* he 0 sell+ to him _h orig9ally belong$ to ,graevius2 & by comp>+ ! ,zamboni correspond5ce 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y ) ! po/hum\s catalogue ( ,graevius's libr>y1 ,mr4 ,cl>k has n[ discov]$ t ,b*els 0 (f]+ to ,zamboni ! entire ,,mss4 collection ( t great s*ol>1 :i* 9 ?is way ultimately f\nd a home 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,graevius di$ 9 #agjc1 & ! ,elector ,johann ,wilhelm b\ght bo? 8 books & 8 manuscripts4 ,! =m] he pres5t$ to ! libr>y ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,heidelb]g3 ! latt] he reta9$ 9 8 own libr>y at ,dsseldorf4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,h>leian codex ( ,qu9tilian1 ,mr4 ,cl>k's !ory is t x belong$ =m]ly n to ,/rasburg1 b to ! ca!dral at ,cologne1 :i* is m ?an once ref]r$ to z #8maior ecclesia4' ,gesn] mu/ h be5 9 error :5 he said t ?is codex _h n be5 rec5tly collat$ 7cp4 ,introd4 p4 lxv72 = ,gulielmus _h se5 x at ,cologne1 & 9 8 #8,v]isimilia1' iii4 xiv1 quotes "s v>iants & #8proprii errores' f ! preface to ,book vi1 all ( :i* appe> 9 ! ,h>leianus z we h x n[4 ,& z ,graevius is kn[n to h borr[$ f ! libr>y ( ,cologne ,ca!dral1 9 #afhh1 an important codex ( ,cic]o ad ,fam4 7,h>l4 #bfhb71 ,mr4 ,cl>k inf]s t he got ! ,qu9tilian at ! same "t4 ,he evid5tly omitt$ to return !m2 & aft] 8 dea? !y pass$1 ) _m o!r ,,mss41 fir/ to ,dsseldorf1 & !n to ,london4 ,x 0 only aft] ! ,bamb]g5sis arriv$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7:]e x 0 s5t by ! au?orities ( ! ,bamb]g ,libr>y1 9 c\rte\s compliance ) a reque/ f me7 t x 0 possible to =m a def9ite op9ion z to ! place occupi$ by ! ,h>leianus 9 reg>d to x4 ,at fir/ x appe>$1 ev5 to ! exp]ts1 t ! latt] ,,ms4 0 di/9ctly ( old] date ?an ! =m]3 x is writt5 9 a neat] h&1 & on palaeographical gr\nds alone !re might h be5 room = d\bt4 ,b a full] exam9ation conv9c$ me t ! ,h>leianus 0 copi$ directly f ! ,bamb]g5sis1 possibly at ! v "t :5 ! latt] 0 be+ complet$ by ! addition ( ! p>ts kn[n z ,bamb]g5sis ,g1 & ( "s at lea/ ( ! read+s n[ g5]ally designat$ b4 ,^! latt]1 inde$1 ! ,h>leianus slavi%ly foll[s1 9 pref]5ce to ! fir/ h& 9 ! orig9al ,bamb]g5sis3 probably ! copyi/ ( ! ,h>leianus 0 aw>e ( ! importance atta*$ to ! codex 7uncial87 f :i* ! b read+s 7 tak54 ,9 view1 h[ev]1 ( ! defective /ate 9 :i* ! ,bamb]g5sis has come d[n to u1 z reg>ds ! op5+ "p1 & consid]+ also ! mutilation ( ! ,ambrosianus1 we may /ill claim = ! ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ! di/9ction ( be+ ! olde/ complete manuscript ( ,qu9tilian 9 exi/5ce4 ,! pro( t ! ,h>leianus /&s at ! head ( ! great family ( ! mix$ manuscripts ( ,qu9tilian 7repres5t$ till n[ ma9ly by ! ,flor5t9us1 ,turic5sis1 ,almelove5ianus1 & ,guelf]bytanus7 is d]iv$ f a consid]ation ( its relation%ip to bo? p>ts ( ! ,bamb]g5sis on ! "o h&1 & to ^? lat] ,,mss4 on ! o!r4 ,i beg9 ) a po9t :i* involves a te/imony to ! critical acum5 ( t great s*ol> ,c4 ,halm4 ,9 ! ,sitzungsb]i*te d] knigl4 bay]4 ,akademie d] ,wiss5s*aft5 zu ,mn*51 #ahff1 i4 pp4 #eje-f1 ,halm e/abli%$ ! dep5d5ce ( ! ,turic5sis & ! ,flor5t9us on ! ,bamb]g5sis by po9t+ out1 among o!r pro(s1 ! ins]tion at a wrong place 9 ! lxvii text ( bo? ^! codices ( c]ta9 words :i*1 hav+ be5 inadv]t5tly omitt$ by ! copyi/ ( ! ,bamb]g5sis f _! prop] context1 7 writt5 9 by him 9 a blank space at ! foot ( ! page 9 :i* ! passage 9 "q occurs4 ,! passage is ix4 #b1 #eb3 circa crim5 ,apollonii ,drepanitani3 gaudeo etiam si quid ab eo ab/uli/i et abs te nihil rectius factum esse dico4 ,:5 ! copyi/ ( ! ,bamb]g5sis notic$ 8 mi/ake1 he complet$ ,drepanitani 9 ! text1 & wrote 9 ! words gaudeo etiam 444 abs te at ! foot ( ! page1 ) a pretty cle> indication ( ! place :]e !y 7 to be tak5 94 ,9 ! ,bamb]g5sis ! page ends ) ! words 7#ed7 an huius ille legis quam1 & ! next page cont9ues ,clius a se inv5tam gloriatur4 ,notic+ t 9 bo? ! ,flor5t9us & ! ,turic5sis ! m>g9al addition 7gaudeo etiam 444 abs te7 is ins]t$ n aft] legis quam b aft] ,clodius1 ,halm drew ! inf]5ce t ^! codices 7 copi$ f ! ,bamb]g5sis n directly1 b ?r\gh "s int]v5+ manuscript4 ,! ,h>leianus is ?is manuscript4 ,9 x ! words ref]r$ to d come 9 betwe5 legis quam & 7,cloe7lius3 inde$1 s slavi%ly does ! writ] foll[ ! second h& 9 ! ,bamb]g5sis1 9 :i* ! lett]s ,c l o e are subpunctuat$1 t ! ,h>leianus actually %[s et abs te lius a se inv5ta#gf1 exactly z ! writ] ( b wi%$ ! ,bamb]g5sis to /&4 ,x mu/ be fe>$ t ! copyi/ ( ! ,h>leianus did n "k en\gh ,lat9 to save him f mak+ v consid]able mi/akes4 ,if ,i am "r 9 believ+ t ?is manuscript mu/ take rank above ! ,turic5sis & ! ,flor5t9us 7& all o!r ,,mss4 ( ?is family71 x is he :o mu/ be cr$it$ ) a great deal ( ! confusion t has crept into ,qu9tilian's text4 ,x may be well to m5tion "o or two obvi\s examples4 ,9 ix4 #c1 #a ! text /&s ut9amque non peiora v9cant4 ,v]um s*emata1 c4 ,9 ! ,bamb]g5sis1 utrum nam is suppli$ by b above ! l9e1 & 9 ! m>g9 que peiora v9cant v]um1 ! words affect$ by ! *ange be+ lxviii subpunctuat$ 9 ! text4 ,! copyi/ ( ! ,h>leianus takes ! utrum nam & leaves ! re/1 %[+ utrum nam s*emata3 ?is appe>s z utrim nam s*emata 9 ! ,turic5sis1 & z ut9am s*emata 9 ! ,flor5t9us & ,almelove5ianus4 ,take aga9 ix4 #c1 #fh-i 9 ! ,bamb]g5sis 7,g7 quem supplicatione dignum indic>is4 ,alit] quoque voces aut eadem aut div]sa1 c4 ,! words enclos$ 9 brackets are ! la/ l9e ( a p>ticul> column 7#adb v472 !y 7 inadv]t5tly omitt$ by ! copyi/ ( ! ,h>leianus1 & z a consequ5ce we h supplici 9 ,turic4 & ,flor41 supplitia 9 ,guelf41 c4 ,aga9 at x4 #g1 #bj a c]ta9 sleep9ess on ! "p ( ! scribe ( ! ,h>leianus1 :i* caus$ him to write ,neque v]o tantas eum breve saltem qui =o tempus quod nusquam f]e de]it ad ea quae1 c41 has giv5 rise to ! greate/ confusion 9 ,turic41 ,flor41 ,alm41 ,bodleianus1 ,burn4 #bdc1 c4 ,9 ?is ,h foll[s exactly ! second h& 9 ,bg41 except = ! rem>kable ins]tion ( ! words qui =o betwe5 breve saltem & tempus3 at ?is po9t ! copyi/ ( ,h mu/ h all[$ 8 eyes to /ray to ! beg9n+ ( ! previ\s l9e 9 ,bg1 :]e ! words qui =o hold a conspicu\s position4 ,flor4 & ,tur4 repeat ! mi/ake1 except t ! latt] gives eum brevem = eum breve4 ,aga9 at ! end ( ,book ix1 ,bamb]g5sis ,g gives ut num]um spondet flexisse non arcessisse non arcessiti et coacti esse videantur3 ?is read+ is id5tical ) t ( ! ,h>leianus1 except t ! latt] = arcessiti gives arcessi/i1 a deviation promptly reproduc$ by ! ,flor5t9us1 :ile ! ,turic5sis %[s acc]si/i4 ,p]haps ! mo/ conclusive in/ance ( all is ! foll[+3 at iv4 #b1 #abh ! ,bamb]g5sis gives 7= 7 3 ?is appe>s 9 ,h z ! sev5? & eigh? lett]s hav+ be5 inadv]t5tly omitt$ by ! copyi/4 ,f makes ?is & ,t %[s 7--,spald+74 ,! f\r =ms ( ! ,greek ^w appe> 9 ! pr9t$ text z3 text image text image text image text image ,z ! ,bamb]g5sis 7,bg71 9 its pres5t /ate1 only comm5ces at i4 #a4 #f4 7nec de patribus tantum71 ! read+s ( ! ,h>leianus 7,h7 are = ! ,prooemium & "p ( *apt] #a ( fir/-class importance4 ,9 ! pr4 #a we h p]t9]5t ,h1 p]t95t ,t3 #b div]sas ,h1 divisas ,t3 #e fi]i oratorem non posse ,,hf1 fi]i non posse oratorem ,t 7z ,a73 #f amore ,h1 /udio ,f3 i +5ii ,h1 it] +5ii ,t1 +5ii ,f3 #ac (ficio quoque ,h1 quoque (ficio ,f3 #ai summa ,h 7also ,bg71 summam ,t3 #be demon/raturi ,,hf1 demon/r>i ,t3 #bg adium5ta ,h 7a correction by same h& on adiuvante73 s ,bg ,f3 adiuvante ,t4 ,9 *ap4 #a #c s$ plus ,,ht3 s$ et plus ,f3 hoc quippe vid]it ,h ,bg ,f3 hoc quippe 7om4 vid]it7 ,t4 ,^! in/ances are tak5 f ! introductory "p ( ! ,fir/ ,book1 :]e ,bg almo/ entirely fails u1 only a few words be+ "h & !re deciph]able4 ,:]ev] ,i h comp>$1 9 o!r places1 ! read+s ( lxix ,bg 7& ,g71 ,h1 ,t1 & ,f1 ,i h f\nd ,h1 if n always 9 exact agreem5t ) ! ,bamb]g ,,ms4 7(t5 ow+ to ! copyi/'s ignorance ( ,lat97 inv>iably ne>] ! p>5t s\rce ?an ei!r ,t or ,f4 ,"h are a few in/ances f ! ,fir/ ,book3 ,i #h nihil e/ peius ,bg ,h ,t1 nihil enim e/ peius ,f3 ib4 #aa defu]it ,bg ,h ,t1 defu]9t ,f3 ib4 #ab p]bibet ,bg ,h ,f1 p]hibet ,t3 ib4 #af =m&am ,bg ,h1 =m&um ,f ,t3 #b #ah 9 m$ia rei p4 viv5dum ,bg 7b7 ,h1 9 m$4 rei praeviv5dum ,t1 reip4 vid5dum ,f3 ib4 #bd depell5dam ,bg ,h1 repell5dam ,t3 ib4 #ca concipiat quis m5te ,bg ,h1 quis m5te concipiat ,f3 #d #bg t]euntur ,bg ,h ,t1 int]euntur ,f3 #f #i dicet ,bg1 dicit ,h ,f1 dicitur ,t3 ib4 #ad dici c]is ,bg 7dici c]is71,a dic]es ,h1 dici ,f ,t3 ib4 #cj aliaque quae consuetud9i s]viunt ,bg ,h1--9 m>g9 ( ,h aliqu&o consuetud9i s]vit 7b73 ,f & ,t adopt ! latt]1 & give ! alt]native read+ 9 ! m>g93 #aj #bh haec ei et cura ,h ,f1 haec et cura ei ,t3 #aa #d p+uitud9e ,bg ,h1 p+u$9e ,f ,t4 ,among scatt]$ in/ances else:]e are ! foll[+3 ii4 #e1 #ac dic5tur ,bg ,h1 doc5tur ,t3 #e #bf hanc ,bg ,h1 om4 ,t3 #ae #h te/atum e/ ,bg ,h1 te/atum ,t4 ,9 ix4 #cfc ,g has p>em 7= m>em ,a73 ,h gives patrem & ,f ,t foll[ suit3 cp4 ix4 #d1 #h hoc e/ ,g ,h1 id e/ ,f3 ib4 #af quoque ,g ,h1 om4 ,t3 ib4 #cb nesciat ,g ,h1 dubitet ,f3 dignatur ,g ,h1 digne dicatur ,f3 viii4 pr4 #c dic5di ,g ,h1 disc5di ,t3 ix4 #d1 #aai ignorabo ,g1 ignoraba ,h1 ignorabam ,t3 ib4 #abi et hac fluit ,g ,h1 et hac et hac fluit ,t3 xii4 #aa1 #h sci]it ,g1 sci]et ,h1 sciret ,t3 ib4 #b #ah autem ,bg ,h1 om4 ,t3 x4 #a1 #d numuro quae ,g ,h1 num muro quae ,t1 num]oque ,f3 ib4 #ej et philogus ,g1 et philo*us ,h ,t1 et epiloghus ,f3 ib4 #gc porem ,g ,h1 priorem ,f ,t3 ib4 #ge vel hoc e/ ,g ,h1 hoc e/ vel ,t3 x4 #b1 #g po/]iis 7= hi/oriis7 ,h1 po/]is ,f 7po/]ius ed4 ,camp473 x4 #b1 #aj disc]namus ,bg1 disc]nantur b1 disnantur ,h ,t1 des9antur ,f4 ,notewor?y cases ( ! close adh]5ce ( ,t to ,h are ! foll[+3 ,emp$ocl5a i4 #d1 #d3 vespu]ug9em i4 #g1 #ab3 t]euntur i4 #d1 #bg3 flex 8 x4 #a1 #b3 gravissimus x4 #a1 #ig3 ipsae illae quae extorque eum cr$as x4 #a1 #aaj1 :]e bo? also give trans usum = transv]sum1 & non repe = non rapi3 mor>e ref9xit f9xit recipit x4 #c1 #f3 nam quod cum isocratis x4 #d1 #d4 ,9 o!r in/ances ! writ] ( ,t has evid5tly tri$ to improve on ! read+ ( ,h3 e4g4 9 ! title ( ,book x1 ,h gives an abbreviation :i* ,t mi/akes = quo enim d&um3 also extemporal facilitas :i* appe>s 9 ,t z extempora vel facilitas3 x4 #a1 #gi v5 iudicis ,h 79 mi/ake = se non iud471 :i* is made by ,t into v5it iudicis4 ,_m simil> in/ances c\ld be cit$ 9 reg>d to bo? ,t & ,f2 ! read+ tantum1 = in/ance1 9 x4 #a1 #ib1 :i* occurs 9 bo?1 has evid5tly aris5 f ,h1 :i* "h %[s some?+ t looks m l tantum ?an tacitum 7! read+ ( ,g74 ,aga91 9 e lxx place :]e ,halm uses ! =mula #8,f ,t soli ex notis1' ,h w be f\nd to correspond#gg4 ,a4 7dici c]is7 text image %[+ ins]t$ lett]s3 text images ,) su* evid5ce z has be5 giv5 above1 x is impossible to d\bt t ! ,h>leianus mu/ n[ take rank above bo? ! manuscripts :i*1 be=e ! appe>ance ( ,halm's edition1 held s prom95t a place 9 ! criticism ( ,qu9tilian1 ! ,codex ,flor5t9us & ! ,codex ,turic5is4 ,! =m] is an elev5? c5tury ,,ms41 n[ 9 ! ,laur5tian libr>y at ,flor5ce4 ,on ! fir/ page is ?is inscription3 ,w]9h>ius episcopus d$it ,sanctae ,m>iae3 on ! la/ ,lib] ,petri de ,m$icis1 ,cos4 fil43 & bel[ ,lib] sanctae ,m>iae ecclesiae ,arg4 7 ,arg5torat5sis7 9 dormitorio4 ,!re 7 two bi%ops ( ,/rasburg be>+ ! "n ( ,w]n]3 ! fir/ #ajja-ajbi1 & ! second #ajfe-ajgi4 ,m4 ,fi]ville 7,introd4 p4 xciv7 tells u t ! fir/ ,w]n] 7( ,altemburg or ,hapsburg7 laid ! f\ndations ( ! ca!dral at ,/rasburg 9 #ajae1 & pres5t$ to ! ,*apt] a numb] ( valuable books2 & we also "k t 9 #ajjf he _h att5d$ ! ,c\ncil at ,frank=t to promote ! erection ( a ca!dral *ur* at ,bamb]g4 ,"h !n we h ! elem5ts ( a solution ( ! problem4 ,bi%op ,w]n] 0 a patron ( lett]s2 & le>n+ t by ! addition ( :at is n[ kn[n z ,bamb]g5sis ,g a complete text ( ,qu9tilian _h be5 secur$1 he _h x copi$4 ,! ,codex ,h>leianus 0 9 all probability ! fir/ copy1 & f x ! ,codex ,flor5t9us 0 reproduc$4 ,! latt] 0 /ill at ,/rasburg 9 #acgb1 a fact :i* 7?\gh hi!rto x seems to h be5 unnotic$7 is en\gh to dispose ( its claim to be consid]$ ! manuscript ( ,poggio1 :i* he describes z #8pl5um situ' & #8pulv]e squal5tem' ly+ #89 tet]rimo quodam et obscuro c>c]e1 fundo scilicet unius turris1 quo ne capitales quidem rei damnati retrud]5tur4' ,if s important a ,,ms4 _h pass$ f ,/rasburg to ,/4 ,gall )9 =ty ye>s ( ,poggio's visit1 x is h>d to believe t x w\ld h be5 all[$ to lie neglect$ & unkn[n4 ,aft] #acgb we "k no?+ c]ta9 ( its hi/ory till x reappe>s 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,m$icis at ,flor5ce 9 ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t "s "t betwe5 #acgb & #adag x mu/ h be5 transport$ f ,/rasburg to ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,gall1 & t x pass$ f !re to ,flor5ce aft] ,poggio's dep>ture4 ,a simil> !ory may q z legitimately be ma9ta9$ 9 ref]5ce to ! ,h>leianus1 :i*1 z ,i h lxxi already indicat$1 may be ! v manuscript :i* ,poggio discov]$ at ,/4 ,gall 9 #adafgh4 ,! ,codex ,turic5sis 0 long consid]$ to be ( old] date ?an ! ,flor5t9us1 b rec5t inve/igations seem to h prov$ ! contr>y4 ,halm attributes x to ! second "p ( ! elev5? c5tury1 & ,e4 ,wlffl9 takes a simil> view4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury x pass$ into ! libr>y at ,zri*4 ,spald+ believ$ x to be ! manuscript discov]$ by ,poggio1 & ,m4 ,fi]ville is ( ! same op9ion3 ,halm rejects ?is !ory4 ,! great po9t 9 fav\r ( ! claim ( ! ,turic5sis is t x is kn[n to h come f ,/4 ,gall1 :ile we c only conjecture ! hi/ory ( ! ,h>leianus4 ,b ! ,turic5sis _c h be5 ! ,,ms4 :i* ,poggio c>ri$ ) him into ,italy1 accord+ to a /atem5t made by ,b&9i1 ,regius1 & o!rs4 ,x is true t ?is /atem5t is h>d to reconcile ) :at ,poggio himself says 9 8 lett] to ,gu>9i1 :om he in=ms t he has made ha/y transcripts ( 8 v>i\s #8f9ds' 7presumably includ+ ! ,qu9tilian7 = 8 fri5ds ,leon>do ( ,arezzo & ,nicolai ( ,flor5ce4 ,b ,poggio may h _h 8 own reasons = a c]ta9 degree ( my/]y ab\t 8 good =tune4 ,9 ! preface to 8 edition1 ,burmann speaks ( ! manuscript ( ,/4 ,gall1 on ! au?ority ( ! libr>ian ,kesl]1 z hav+ be5 #8hone/o furto sublatum'3 if x 0 ! ,h>leianus !re is p]haps little ne$ to wond] t no?+ has be5 kn[n till n[ ( its lat] =tunes#gi4 ,! affiliation ( o!r ,,mss4 ( ?is class 7:i* includes also ! ,almelove5ianus7 to ! codices :i* h j be5 describ$1 may be det]m9$ by ! application ( c]ta9 te/s4 ,prom95t among su* ,,mss4 is ! ,codex ,bodleianus1 :i* has receiv$ m att5tion f editors ( ,qu9tilian ?an its m]its seem to me to w>rant4 ,x repeats ^w = ^w ! rem>kable error attributable to ! ,h>leianus at x4 #g1 #bj 7see above1 p4 lxviii73 9 o!r places x embodies attempt$ em5dations1 e4g4 x4 #a1 #ij nec ipsum s5ectus maturavit3 #b #g de metris = lxxii dimit]is 7see above1 p4 lxvii1 note74 ,x belong$ to ,ar*bi%op ,laud1 & mu/ h be5 writt5 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,( ! same age & family are two manuscripts (t5 cit$ by ,halm1 ! ,lassb]g5sis & ! ,monac5sis4 ,! =m] 0 =m]ly at ,l&sb]g 9 ,bav>ia3 x is n[ at ,freiburg4 ,! read+ atque int]rogationibus atque int]rogantibus1 :i* ,halm gives f x alone at x4 #a1 #ce1 ,i h f\nd also 9 ,g & ,h2 ?is seems q en\gh to id5tify its p>5tage4 ,! ,monac5sis 0 collat$ by ,halm = 8 critical edition 9 ! p>ts :]e he _h to rely on ,a ,g or on ,g alone3 ) no conspicu\s results1--#8nihil f]e aliud effectum e/ quam ut doc]e possemus1 ubi aliquot locorum1 qui 9 libris melioribus levit] corrupti sunt1 em5datio primum t5tata sit' 7praef4 viii1 ix74 ,alongside ( ^! ,i w\ld place a r int]e/+ ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* has be5 collat$ specially = ! purpose ( ?is edition1 ) no result wor? speak+ (1 except to e/abli% its class4 ,x repeats ! mi/ake ( ,h at x4 #g1 #bj3 & ! fact t ! copyi/ began 8 "w 9 a h& t 0 meant to imitate writ+ ( ! elev5? c5tury seems1 along ) ! int]nal evid5ce1 to prove t x is "o ( ! copies ( ,poggio's ,,ms4 ,9 x4 #b1 #g x has po/]ius = hi/oriis 7a mi/ake 9 ,h--see p4 lxix73 & 9 ! same place x %[s 7l ! ,bodleian codex7 de metris = dimit]is4 ,?is is also ! read+ ( ! second h& 9 ! ,turic5sis4 ,su* diff]5ces z exi/ betwe5 x & ,h ,f ,t may be ascrib$ to attempt$ em5dation3 e4g4 v]t]e latus x4 #c1 #ba4 ,poggio's lett] to ,gu>9i is copi$ at ! end ( ! volume4 ,! o!r ,,mss4 ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 s f> z !y are kn[n to him1 ,m4 ,fi]ville divides c>efully into two classes 78 ?ird & f\r?74 ,! pr9cipal features ( diff]5ce :i* di/+ui% !m among !mselves1 & f ^? already m5tion$1 are t !y incorporate1 9 v>y+ degrees1 ! results ( ! progress ( s*ol>%ip1 & t !y are seldom copi$ f any s+le manuscript4 ,a detail$ exam9ation w\ld no d\bt e/abli% :at is really ! po9t ( greate/ mom5t 9 reg>d to !m3 h[ f> are !y d]iv$1 ?r\gh ,poggio's manuscript1 f ! ,bamb]g5sis1 & h[ f> f su* complete manuscripts z ! ,ambrosianus & ! orig9al ( ,bamb]g5sis ,g8 ,"s ( !m 7z well z o!r fifte5? c5tury ,,mss41 ) a description ( :i* ,i desire to supplem5t ,m4 ,fi]ville's ,introduction1 pp4 cii sq471 are ( at lea/ z great importance z ^? ref]r$ to above z hav+ be5 collat$ 9 "p by ,halm4 ,! ,arg5torat5sis 7,s71 also us$ by ,halm1 may be m5tion$ fir/3 x 0 collat$ by ,obre*t = 8 edition ( #afihhj4 ,?is manuscript 0 lxxiii de/roy$ 9 ! bomb>dm5t ( ,/rasburg1 ,augu/ #bd1 #ahgj4 ,!n !re are ! ,,ms4 ( ,wolf5buttel 7,codex ,guelf]bytanus71 collat$ = ! fir/ "t by ,spald+3 ! ,codex ,go?anus1 us$ by ,gesn] = 8 edition ( #agch3 ! ,codex ,vall5sis 7,p>is9us #ggbc71 :i* purports to be> ! signature ( ,laur5tius ,valla 7#i ,decemb]1 #addd71 ^: corrections & m>g9al notes x conta9s#ha4 ,! li/ ( ^! & sev]al o!rs1 all c>efully describ$ by ,m4 ,fi]ville1 may n[ be ext5d$ by a %ort ref]5ce to v>i\s ,,mss4 9 ?is c\ntry1 hi!rto uncollat$4 ,! results ( my exam9ation ( !m 7z well z ( ! ,bodleianus1 & ,burneianus #bdc1 ref]r$ to above7 appe> 9 ! ,critical ,app5dix3 if few ( !m are ( fir/-class importance1 x may at lea/ be claim$ t "r read+s1 ) :i* ,spald+1 ,halm1 & ,mei/] h successively cr$it$ ! e>ly pr9t$ editions1--e4g4 ! ,cologne edition ( #aebg1--;h n[ be5 attribut$ to e>li] s\rces4 ,& :5 ,m4 ,fi]ville _h s c>efully exam9$ ! ,,mss4 ( ,france1 ,g]many1 ,switz]l&1 ,italy1 & ,spa91 x seem$ ( "s importance t 8 labori\s "w %\ld be supplem5t$ by a description ( ! ,,mss4 belong+ to ! libr>ies ( ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re are eight manuscripts 9 all ( ,qu9tilian's ,in/itutio3 ( ! mo/ important ( ^!1 ! ,h>leianus 7,h71 ,i h already giv5 an acc\nt1 & "o ( two ,,mss4 9 ,burney's collection 7,burn4 #bdc7 has also be5 m5tion$4 ,( ! rema9+ ,,mss4 two may be tak5 toge!r1 z !y are 9 complete agreem5t ) ea* o!r1 & %[ conclusive pro(s 7z w appe> 9 ! notes7 ( relation%ip to su* codices z ! ,arg5torat5sis & ! ,guelf]bytanus4 ,! fir/ ( ^! two ,,mss4 7,codex ,h>leianus #bffb7 has an inscription be>+ t x 0 writt5 by ,gasp> ,cyrrus #8nationis ,lutatiae1' & 0 f9i%$ on ! #be? ( ,janu>y1 #adcd1--only eighte5 ye>s aft] ,poggio made 8 great discov]y4 ,s great an advance is evid5t 9 ! text1 z comp>$ ) ! read+s ( ,h ,f ,t1 t x seems probable t ?is ,,ms4 owes little to t family4 ,! same may be said ( ! ,codex ,h>leianus #aa1fga1 a beautiful little qu>to1 dat$ #adfg3 x has ! ,epitome ( ,fr4 ,patrizi atta*$ 7see ,classical ,review1 #ahia1 p4 #cd74 ,! foll[+ cases ( rem>kable errors w suffice to connect bo? ^! ,,mss4 ) ! ,guelf]bytanus3 x4 #c1 #ab a patrono suo = a patruo suo3 #a #ig v]um = vet]um3 #a #ee equalem cr$idit p>em 7z also ,prat41 ,guelf41 ,s1 & ,voss4 i4 lxxiv & iii473 #a #gb quamvis sui temporis ,m5&ro = ut pravis sui temporis iudiciis ,m5&ro3 #g #f adducet ducetur4 ,ano!r v int]e/+ ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is ,h>leianus #diie1 dat$ ,july #e1 #adgj3 x conta9s ! notes ( ,laur5tius ,valla1 :i* 7 frequ5tly reproduc$ at ! "t1 & might be class$ along ) ! ,vall5sis 7 x n t a m>g9al note at x4 #f1 #b 7:]e a false lacuna appe>s 9 mo/ codices1 z ,bn4 & ,bg471 #8hic deficit antiquus codex1' makes x probable t ! copyi/ _h m ?an "o ,,ms4 at 8 side#hb4 ,?is ,,ms4 agrees ) ! ,vall5sis & ,go?anus 9 read+ cognitioni = cogitationi x4 #a1 #a3 ub]tate = ub]tas #a #aji3 et vis summa #aag3 eru5das = erudi5das #b #f3 nobis effici5dum ib4 #ad3 decretoriis #e #bj4 ,! o!r two ,h>leian ,,mss4 7#diej & #dhbi7 pres5t no features ( special int]e/3 ,i h1 h[ev]1 includ$ !m 9 ! critical notes = ! sake ( complet5ess4 ,! =m] 0 writt5 by #8,franciscus de ,m$iolano'3 x is (t5 9 agreem5t ) ! ,lassb]g5sis4 ,! latt] f9i%es ) ! words & ! motto 4 ,! read+s ( ! ,burneianus #bdd are also occasionally record$ 9 ! notes4 ,all ?ree are 9 g5]al agreem5t ) ,l1 & also ) ! ,codex ,c>casson5sis1 a fifte5? c5tury ,,ms4 ( :i* ,m4 ,fi]ville publi%$ a collation 9 #ahgd4 ,a great] degree ( int]e/ atta*es to two ,ox=d manuscripts1 "o ( :i* 7! ,codex ,balliol5sis7 is unclass$ by ,fi]ville1 :ile ! o!r 7! ,d',orville ,,ms47 has nev] be5 exam9$ at all4 ,! =m] 0 us$ by ,gibson = 8 edition ( #afic4 ,x beg9s at bis vitiosa sunt i4 #e1 #ad1 b !re are v>i\s lacunae1 :i* d n correspond ) ^? ( ! incomplete family4 ,! ,,ms4 is 9 fact 9 a mutilat$ condition4 lxxv ,9 ! ,t5? ,book we miss its help aft] ! end ( ! fir/ *apt] till we rea* iii4 #bf1 :]e x beg9s aga9 ) ! words quam quod somno sup]]it3 x /ops abruptly at no/rorumque ,hort7ensium7 x4 #f1 #d4 ,x is 9 g5]al agreem5t ) ,h>leianus #bffb4 ,i may note t 9 i4 #e1 #cf x has int]rogatione1 a read+ :i* ,halm says appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 ! edition ( ,si*>dus1 #aebi3 ib4 #fi x has e rep ) ,a & #ggbg1 ) ! latt] ( :i* x is 9 close correspond5ce 7e4g4 =te at i4 #e1 #ae1 all o!r codices =san or =sitan74 ,!re rema9s ! ,d',orville ,,ms4 9 ! ,bodleian at ,ox=d 7,codex ,dorvilianus71--a manuscript :i* has be5 entirely ov]look$1 except = a s+le ref]5ce 9 ,+ram's abridg$ edition ( ! ,in/itutio 7#ahji74 ,yet x seems well des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,9 "s places x %[s a rem>kable resemblance to ! ,ambrosianus 7e4g4 ,getae #a pr4 #f3 et quantum ib4 #h73 at #a pr4 #d x has summam inde eloqu5tiae 7,spald+'s read+1 f\nd 9 no o!r ,,ms473 de/9abamus al4 fe/9abimus ib4 #f 7! alt]native be+ a read+ peculi> to ,a74 ,its mo/ important contribution to ! ,t5? ,book is #g #bj1 :]e x gives ! read+ :i* ,h]zog conjectur$ & :i* ,i h receiv$ into ! text3 neque v]o tanta esse unquam debet fiducia facilitatis3 9 #b #ad 7see ,critical ,notes7 x has quos eligamus ad imit&um1 a read+ peculi> to itself4 ,= ! re/ x is 9 g5]al agreem5t ) ! ,balliol codex4 ,x is ,italian "w1 ( ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1--e>li]1 ,mr4 ,madan ?9ks1 ?an ! ,codex ,bodleianus4 ,a m>g9al note at ix4 #c1 #b %[s t ! copyi/ mu/ h _h m ?an "o ,,ms4 be=e him4 ,9 "s cases x w\ld appe> z if he c>efully balanc$ rival read+s3 at #a pr4 #ab4 all codices h quae/io ex 8 incidat except ,a1 :i* gives ex 8 incidat quae/io3 ! read+ 9 ! ,dorvilianus is quae/io incidat ex 83 aga9 at i4 #b1 #f ante palatum eorum quam os in/ituimus1 _m codices give mores = os3 ,dorv4 %[s quam vel mores vel os4 ,li/ ( editions1 tractates1 & books ( ref]5ce4 ,besides ! complete editions ( ,spald+1 ,zumpt1 ,bonnell1 ,halm 7#ahfh-i7 ,mei/] 7#ahhf-hg71 use has be5 made ( ! foll[+ editions ( ,book x43-- ,m4 ,/ephanus ,riccius4 ,v5ice1 #aegj4 ,c4 ,h4 ,frots*]4 ,leipzig1 #ahbf4 ,m4 ,c4 ,g4 ,h]zog4 #bnd ed4 ,leipzig1 #ahcc4 ,g4 ,a4 ,h]b/4 ,halle1 #ahcd4 ,john ,e4 ,b4 ,mayor 7incomplete74 ,cambridge1 #ahgb4 ,bonnell-,mei/]4 ,b]l91 #ahhb4 ,g4 ,t4 ,a4 ,krg]4 #bnd ed4 ,leipzig1 #ahgb4 7,gu/av ,krg]7 #crd ed4 #ahhh4 ,fr4 ,zambaldi4 ,fir5ze1 #ahhc4 ,s4 ,dosson4 ,p>is1 #ahhd4 ,d4 ,bassi4 ,tor9o1 #ahhd4 lxxvi ,j4 ,a4 ,hild4 ,p>is1 #ahhe4 ,f4 ,mei/] 7text only74 ,leipzig & ,prague1 #ahhg4 ,frieze 7,books x4 & xii47 ,new ,york1 #ahhi4 ,among ! ,translations1 ref]5ce has be5 made to ,l9dn]'s 7,philologis*e ,klassik]1 ,wi51 #ahha71 ,alb]ti's 7,leipzig1 #aheh71 & ,h]zog's 7,leipzig1 #ahbi72 also to ,gu?rie's 7,london1 #ahje71 & ,watson's 79 ,bohn's s]ies74 ,! foll[+ h be5 us$ z books ( ref]5ce3-- ,wilk9s3 ,cic]o1 ,de ,oratore1 ,books i4 & ii4 7#bnd ed47 ,ox=d1 #ahhh & #ahij4 ,s&ys3 ,cic]o1 ,orator4 ,cambridge1 #ahhi4 ,kellogg3 ,cic]o1 ,brutus4 ,bo/on1 #ahhi4 ,wolff3 ,tacitus1 ,dialogus de ,oratoribus4 ,go?a1 #ahij4 ,&res53 ,leipzig1 #ahgi4 ,reiske3 ,dionysius ,halic>nass5sis4 ,vols4 v-vi4 ,leipzig1 #agge-g4 ,us5]3 ,dionysius ,halic>nass5sis ,librorum de ,imitatione ,reliquiae1 ,epi/ulaeque ,criticae ,duae4 ,bonn1 #ahhi4 ,ammon3 ,de ,dionysii ,halic>nass5sis ,librorum ,rhetoricorum ,fontibus3 ,diss]tatio ,inauguralis4 ,muni*1 #ahhi4 ,volkmann3 ,die ,rhetorik d] ,grie*5 und ,rm]4 #bnd ed4 ,leipzig1 #ahhe4 ,caus]et3 tude sur la langue de la ,rhtorique et de la ,critique ,littraire dans ,cicron4 ,p>is1 #ahhf4 & ,fi]ville3 ,qu9tilian1 ,book i4 ,p>is1 #ahij4 ,! ref]5ces to ,ngelsba*'s ,late9is*e ,/yli/ik are to ! eigh? edition 7,ngelsba*-,mll]74 ,! p]iodical lit]ature be>+ specially on ! ,t5? ,book ( ,qu9tilian has gr[n to v consid]able dim5sions )9 rec5t ye>s4 ,! foll[+ articles & tractates h be5 consult$3-- ,clauss53 ,quae/iones ,qu9tilianeae4 ,leipzig1 #ahhc4 ,nettle%ip3 ,j\rnal ( ,philology1 ,vol4 xviii1 ,no4 #cf1 p4 #bbe sqq4 ,be*] ,bursian's ,jahresb]i*t1 #ahhg1 xv4 #b1 pp4 #a-fa4 ,quae/iones grammaticae ad librum ,x4 ,qu9tiliani de ,in/it4 ,or4 7,jahresb]i*t b] die knigli*e ,klo/]s*ule zu ,ilfeld74 ,nordhaus51 #ahgi4 ,philologus ,,xlv4 ,philologis*e ,runds*au1 iii4 #ad3 #dbg sqq4 & #deg sqq4 ,programm des kniglick5 ,gymnasiums zu ,auri*4 ,o/]n1 #ahia4 ,kid]l9 ,bltt] fr das bay]4 ,gymn4-,wes51 #ahhg1 p4 #ded2 #aahh1 pp4 #hc-ia4 ,jahrb*] f4 ,philologie u4 ,pdagogik1 vol4 #ace1 pp4 #hbi-hcb4 ,zeits*rift f4 d4 ,gymn4-,wes51 vol4 #cb1 pp4 #fb-gc4 ,fleckeis5's ,jahrb4 f4 ,philologie1 #ahhh1 p4 #hbi sqq4 ,jahresb4 des philol4 ,v]e9s zu1 ,b]l91 xiv4 7#ahhh71 p4 #fb sqq4 ,h]mes1 vol4 xxiii4 p4 #afc sqq4 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 xlvi4 7#ahia7 pp4 #i-bd4 ,hirt ,jahresb4 des philol4 ,v]e9s zu ,b]l91 viii4 7#ahhb71 p4 #fg sqq4 ix4 7#ahhc71 p4 #cab sqq4 xiv4 7#ahhh71 p4 #ea sqq4 ,ueb] die ,sub/antivi]ung des ,adjectivums bei ,qu9tilian4 ,b]l91 #ahij4 ,mei/] ,philologus1 xviii4 7#ahfc71 p4 #dhg sqq43 xxxiv4 7#ahgf71 p4 #gdj sqq43 xxxv4 7#ahgg71 p4 #ecd sqq41 & p4 #fhe sqq43 xxxviii4 7#ahgi71 p4 #afj sqq43 xlii4 7#ahhd7 p4 #ada sqq4 lxxvii ,s*ll3 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 xxxiv4 7#ahgi71 p4 #hd sqq43 xxxv4 7#ahhj71 p4 #fci4 ,wlffl9 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 xlii4 7#ahhg71 p4 #add & p4 #caj sqq4 ,h]mes1 xxv4 7#ahij71 pp4 #cbf1 #g4 ,&res5 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 xxx4 7#ahge71 p4 #ejf sqq4 ,eussn] ,bltt] fr das bay]4 ,gymn4-,wes51 #ahha1 p4 #cia sqq4 ,fleckeis5's ,jahrb4 f4 ,philologie1 #ahhe1 p4 #fae sqq4 ,lit]>4 ,c5tralblatt1 #ahhe1 n4 #bb1 p4 #ged4 ,g]tz #8,opuscula philologica ad ,madvigium a discipulis missa' 7#ahgf71 p4 #ib sqq4 ,h4 ,j4 ,mll]3 ,zeits*rift fr das ,gymn4-,wes51 xxxi4 #ab1 p4 #gcc sqq4 ,iwan ,mll]3 ,bursian's ,jahresb]i*t1 iv4 7#ahgf71 #b1 p4 #bfb sqq42 vii4 7#ahgi71 #b1 p4 #aeg sqq4 ,wrobel ,zeits*rift fr die /]rei*4 ,gymnasi51 xxvii4 7#ahgf71 p4 #cec sqq4 ,trnebladh3 ,de usu ,p>ticul>um apud ,qu9tilianum ,quae/iones4 ,holmiae1 #ahfa4 ,reut]3 ,de ,qu9tiliani libro qui fuit de causis corruptae eloqu5tiae4 ,vratislaviae1 #ahhg4 ,gn!r3 ,de coniunctionum causalium apud ,qu9tilianum usu4 ,halis ,saxonum1 #ahha4 ,morawski3 ,quae/iones ,qu9tilianeae4 ,posnaniae1 #ahgd4 ,m>ty3 ,de ,qu9tilianeo usu et copia v]borum cum ,cic]onianis potissimum comp>atis4 ,gl>onae1 #ahhe4 ,pet]s1 ,dr4 ,he9ri*3 ,beitrge zur ,heilung d] ,ueb]lief]ung 9 ,qu9tilians ,in/itutio ,oratoria4 ,cassel1 #ahhi4 ,table ( places :]e ! text ( ?is edition diff]s f ^? ( ,halm 7#ahfi7 & ,mei/] 7#ahhg74 ,halm4 ,mei/]4 ,?is ,edition4 ,*ap4 ,i4 #a cogitationi cognitioni cognitioni4 #b quae quoque s9t modo quo quaeque s9t modo quae quoque s9t modo4 nisi tamquam nisi tamquam nisi tam54 #c ante omnia e/ ante omnia necesse e/ ante omnia e/4 imitatio e/ imitatio e/ imitati4 #d proc$5te op]e iam m9ima proc$5te iam op]e etiam m9ima proc$5te iam op]e m9ima4 #e ,num ergo ,non ergo ,non ergo4 #g et 444 scio solitos et 444 solitos scio et 444 solitos scio4 aliud quod aliud quo aliud quo4 #h consequimur consequemur consequemur4 #aa qu>e tam5 quasi tam5 z ,mei/]4 #af imag9e ambitu imag9e ambitu imag9e et ambitu4 #ag commodata accommodata accommodata4 #ah plac5t 444 laudantur 444 plac5t placeant 444 laud5tur 444 plac5t z ,halm4 #ai contr>ium e contr>io e contr>io4 ut actionis impetus z ,halm actionis impetu4 retractemus retractemus tractemus4 #bc qu9 etiam si qu9 etiam si z ,halm4 lxxviii #bh g5us 99 99 o/5tationi poeticam o/5tationi z ,mei/]4 #ca et5im 444 solutum e/ e/ enim 444 solutum z ,mei/]4 #cc ideoque adde quod adde quod4 #ce acrit] et acrit] ,/oici et z ,mei/]4 #cg qui s9t leg5di1 quaeque qui s9t leg5di1 et quae qui s9t leg5di1 quae4 #ch quibuscum vivebat z ,halm quibuscum vivebat4 ,graecos omnis et philosophos ,graecos omnes p]sequamur et philosophos z ,mei/]4 #db ad phras9 ad faci5dam etiam phras9 ad faci5dam 4 de s+ulis de s+ulis loqu> de s+ulis loqu>4 #dd t5uia et quae t5uia et quae t5uia atque quae4 summatim1 a qua summatim1 quid et a qua z ,mei/]4 paucos enim 7sunt autem em47 paucos 7sunt enim em47 paucos enim1 qui sunt em4 #de 8 simillimi 8 similes 8 simillimi4 #df omnium amnium fontiumque amnium fontiumque omnium flum9um fontiumque4 #dh non 9 utriusque non utriusque non utriusque4 cr$itur cr$itum e/ cr$itum e/4 #ec aliud p>em aliud secundum aliud secundum4 #ed ,ari/ophanes nem9em ,ari/4 poet>um iudices nem9em z ,mei/]4 #ei dum adsequamur dum adsequamur dum adsequimur4 #fa spiritus magnific5tia spiritus magnific5tia spiritu magnific5tia4 #fc magnificus et dic5di vi magnificus et dilig5s magnificus et dilig5s4 #fh quem ipsum quoque repreh5dunt quod ipsum repreh5dunt z ,mei/]4 #fi praecipuus e/4 ,admiratus praecipuus4 eum admiratus praecipuus4 ,hunc admiratus4 #gj illa mala iudicia z ,halm illa iudicia4 #gb pravis pravis prave4 #gi hone/i /udiosus1 9 compositione hone/i /udiosus 9 compositione z ,halm4 #hj is primus is primum is primum4 #ha orationem quam orationem quam orationem et quam4 s$ tamquam ,delphico videatur oraculo in/9ctus s$ quodam ,delphici videatur oraculo dei in/9ctus s$ quodam ,delphici videatur oraculo dei in/9ctus4 #hc eloqu5di vi ac suavitate eloqu5di suavitate eloqu5di suavitate4 #he haud dubie ei proximus z ,halm haud dubie proximus4 #hg phras9 phras9 4 #hh propiores propriores 787 propiores4 #hi tam5 ut e/ dictum tam5 ut e/ dictum z ,mei/]4 #ij s$ ut dicam et ut dicam et ut dicam4 #ia promptius propius propius4 #ib f]es f]as f]es4 #ic elegia elegia elegea4 #id nisi labor non labor non labor4 multum eo e/ t]sior z ,halm multum e/ t]sior4 lxxix #if opus 99 99 quibusdam int]positus opus s$ aliis quibuidam int]positus z ,mei/]4 #ig gr&issimi cl>issimi cl>issimi4 #ajj l+uae l+uae l+uae suae4 #aja commodavit commodavit comm5davit4 ,t4 ,livium ,t4 ,livium ,titum ,livium4 #ajb ideoque illam immortalem ideoque immortalem ideoque immortalem4 cl>i vir +5ii cl>i vir +5ii cl>us vi +5ii4 #ajc prae/itit1 g5]e ipso probabilis1 9 op]ibus quibusdam suis ipse viribus m9or prae/itit1 g5]e ipso probabilis1 9 p>tibus quibusdam suis ipse viribus m9or prae/itit g5]e ipso1 probablis 9 omnibus s$ 9 quibusdam suis ipse viribus m9or4 #ajd et ornat et ornat et exornat4 #ajf omnia d5ique omnia d5ique omnia d5ique4 illic--hic illi--huic illi--huic4 #ajg vicimus v9cimus v9cimus4 9 quibus nihil quibus nibil quibus nihil4 #aaa nihil umquam pul*rius nihil pul*rius nihil pul*rius4 #aae si quid adiecturus fuit z ,halm si quid adiecturus sibi non si quid detracturus fuit4 #aag et f]vor1 s$ et s]mo purus1 s$ et f]vor1 s$4 #abc scrips]unt scrips]unt scrips]9t4 #abf ab eo ab eo ab illo4 #abg ac saltem aut saltem ac saltem4 #acj si ille qua$am contempsisset si aliqua contempsisset si obliqua contempsisset4 si p>um 99 99 si p>um sana si p>um recta4 #aca pote/ utcumque pote/ utrimque pote/ utrimque4 ,*4 ,,ii4 #f tradid]9t tradid]9t tradid]unt4 #h nulla e/ ars nulla mansit ars nulla mansit ars4 #ac et cum cum et cum et4 accommodata e/ accommodata sit accommodata sit4 #ae et a doctis int] ipsos etiam z ,halm4 et a doctis1 int] ipsos etiam4 ut ita dix]im ut ita dix]im ut sic dix]im4 #ag ,attici scilicet ,atticis scilicet ,attici sunt scilicet4 obscuri obscuri sunt obscuri4 #bb cuique proposita z ,halm cuique proposito4 #bh de]ant de]unt de]unt4 oportebat oporteat oporteat4 ,*4 ,,iii4 #b alte effossa alte refossa alte refossa4 et fundit et fundit effundit #aj ut provideamus et eff]5tis4 ut provideamus et eff4 ut provideamus1 eff]4 #ae plura cel]ius plura cel]ius plura et cel]ius4 #bj 9 leg5do 9 intelleg5do 9 intelleg5do4 #ba femur et latus z ,halm4 frontem et latus4 lxxx #bb secretum quod dict&o z ,halm secretum 9 dict&o4 #be velut 99 rectos velut tectos velut tectos4 #cb adici5do adici5ti adici5do4 ,*4 ,,iv4 #c f9em habeat f9em habet f9em habet4 ,*4 ,v4 #d praesumunt e&em praes4 e&em praes4 eadem4 #ag inanibus se simulacris 444 adsuefac]e inanibus simulacris 444 adsuesc]e z ,mei/]4 #ah etiam ,m4 ,porcio etiam ,porcio etiam ,m4 ,porcio4 #ba autem is idoneus autem idoneus4 autem idoneus4 ,*4 ,,vi4 #b inha]5t 444 quae 444 laxantur inha]et4444 quod 444 laxatur z ,mei/]4 #e regr$i regr$i r$ire4 #g retrorsus retrorsum retrorsus4 si utcumque si utrimque si utrimque4 ,*4 ,,vii4 #a in/> portus intr>e portum intr>e portum4 #b /atimque1 si non succurratur /atimque1 si non succurratur /atimque si non succuratur4 #e quid quoque loco primum sit ac secundum et de9ceps z ,halm quid quoque loco primum sit quid secundum ac de9ceps4 #f via dicet1 ducetur via ducetur1 dicet via dicet1 ducetur4 #i obs]vatione simul obs]vatione una obs]vatione una4 #ac sup]flu]e video3 quodsi videmus sup]flu]e3 cum eo quod si sup]flu]e video1 cum eo quod si4 #ad ut ,cic]o dictitabant ut ,cic]o ait1 dictitabant ut ,cic]o dictitabant4 #ag adeo praemium adeo pretium adeo pretium4 #bj tanta sit 444 fiducia facilitatus ut tantam esse 444 fiduciam facilitatis velim ut tanta esse umquam debet fiducia facilitatis ut4 non capitur non capitur non labitur4 #bd quam omn9o non quam non omn9o quam non omn9o4 #bf e/ et illa e/ et illa e/ alia4 #bf quam illa quam 9 illa quam illa4 #bi nescio an utrumque nescio an si utrumque z ,mei/]4 id effic]e id effic]e sic dic]e4 9 8 9 8 et 9 84 #cb quod simus quod non simus quod non simus4 ,,footnotes #a4 7,rhetores7 quorum pr(essio quam nullam apud maiores auctoritatem habu]it1 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cj4 #b4 ,c4 ,suetoni ,tranquilli praet] ,caes>um libros reliquiae4 ,leipzig #ahfj1 p4 #cfe sq4 & #dfi sq4 #c4 ,!re is h[ev] "s d\bt ab\t ! "n1 mo/ editors read+ ,l4 ,galba4 #d4 ,s ,hild1 ,introd4 p4 xii1 :]e ref]5ce is made to ! foll[+ au?orities z e/abli%+ ?is cu/om = ! ,jews ( ,asia3 ,joseph1 xiv4 #aj4 #ag 444 1 --! words ( ,l4 ,antonius1 gov]nor ( ! prov9ce ( ,asia1 ,a4,d4 #ej4 ,cp4 id4 xiv4 #g1 #b3 ,act ,apo/4 ix4 #b3 xxii4 #ai3 xxvi4 #aa3 ,cor4 ii4 #aa1 #bd4 ,! privilege 0 ma9ta9$ "u ! ,*ri/ian emp]ors3 see int] alia ,cod4 ,!od4 ii4 #a1 #aj sane si qui p] compromissum1 ad similitud9em arbitrorum1 apud ,iudaeos vel patri>*as ex cons5su p>tium 9 civili duntaxat negotio putav]9t litig&um1 sortiri eorum iudicium iure publico non vet5tur4 #e4 ,gaius ii #bgd muli] quae ab eo qui c5tum milia a]is c5sus e/1 p] legem ,voconiam h]es in/itui non pote/1 tam5 fideicommisso relictam sibi h]$itatem cap]e pote/4 #f4 ,hild1 ,introd4 pp4 xiii4-xiv1 :]e passages are cit$ f contempor>y lit]ature describ+ bo? types4 ,= ! fir/ cp4 ,m>tial viii4 #af ,pi/or qui fu]as diu1 ,cip]e1 ,nunc causas agis1 & passim3 ,petronius1 ,sat4 #df de/9avi illum artificii doc]e1 aut ton/r9um aut praeconem aut c]te causidicum 444 ,phil]o 0 lately a /reet port]3 nunc etiam adv]sus ,norbanum se ext5dit2 litt]ae !saurum e/1 et artificium numquam moritur3 ,juv4 vii4 #ajf sqq43 ,pl94 v4 #ac1 #f sq43 vi4 #bi4 ,( ! second class ! be/ repres5tative is ,aquilius ,regulus1 in=m] & legacy-hunt]1 on ^: acc\nt ,h]5nius ,s5ecio p>odi$ ,cato's fam\s utt]ance1 vir malus dic5di imp]itus ,pl94 iv4 #g1 #e & ii4 #bj4 #g4 ,hild 7p4 xv4 note7 comp>es ,juv4 ,sat4 xiv4 #dd sqq4 ) ,qu9t1 i4 #b1 #h & ,tac4 ,dial4 #bi3 & especially ,sat4 vii4 #bjg ) ,qu9t1 ii4 #b1 #d3 ,di1 maiorum umbris t5uem et s9e pond]e t]ram ,spirantesque crocos et 9 urna p]petuum v]1 ,qui praeceptorem sancti valu]e p>5tis ,esse loco6 & ,sumat ante omnia p>5tis erga discipulos suos animum 7sc4 praeceptor7 ac succ$]e se 9 eorum locum a quibus sibi lib]i tradantur exi/imet4 #h4 i4 pr4 #a po/ impetratam /udiis meis quietem quae p] vig9ti annos erudi5dis iuv5ibus imp5d]am4 ,! *ronology is r unc]ta94 ,x is suppos$ t ,qu9tilian began 8 ,in/itutio 9 #ib or #ic & f9i%$ x 9 #id or #ie4 ,if ! p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s is to be int]pret$ rigor\sly1 we may suppose t he is ref]r+ to 8 (ficial c>e]1 z x may h be5 9 #gb t ,vespasian took ! /ep ref]r$ to above1 p4 viii4 ,or we may und]/& him to be dat+ ! p]iod ( 8 educational activity z ext5d+ f ,a4,d4 #gj to ,a4,d4 #ij1 ?\gh he did n beg9 to write ! ,in/itutio till #ib4 ,! latt] is ! m probable alt]native4 #i4 ,see ,de ,qu9tiliani libro qui fuit ,de ,causis ,corruptae ,eloqu5tiae3 ,diss]tatio ,inauguralis3 ,augu/us ,reut]1 ,vratislaviae #ahhg4 #aj4 ,! ,declamationes may also be m5tion$ "h1 z hav+ long be5 cr$it$ to ,qu9tilian3 !y consi/ ( #ai long] & #ade %ort] pieces4 ,t ,qu9tilian practis$ ?is =m ( rhetorical ex]cise1 & ) success1--at lea/ 9 ! e>li] "p ( 8 c>e]1--is cle> f su* passages z xi4 #b1 #ci3 b x seems probable1 f ! nature ( ! cont5ts ( ! exi/+ collection1 if n f ! /yle1 t tradition has err$ 9 attribut+ to ! ma/] :at mu/ h be51 9 ! ma91 ! "w ( pupils & imitators4 ,! popul> habit ( tack+ on to a great "n :atev] seems n unwor?y ( x1 may acc\nt = ! fact t ^! rhetorical ef=ts are cr$it$ to ,qu9tilian z e>ly z ! "t ( ,ausonius1 :o says 7,pr(4 #a1 #ae7 ,seu libeat fictas ludorum evolv]e lites ,ancipitem palmam ,qu9tilianus habet4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 on ,isaiah viii4 praef41 speaks ( 8 conc9nas declamationes3 ,lactantius i4 #bd quotes "o :i* has disappe>$ f ! collection2 & la/ly1 ,trebellius ,pollio1 a hi/orian ( ! age ( ,diocletian1 speak+ ( a c]ta9 ,po/umus1 ( ,gauli% orig91 adds3 fuit autem 444 ita 9 declamationibus dis]tus ut eius controv]siae ,qu9tiliano dicantur ins]tae 7,trig4 tyr4 #d1 #b73 cp4 ib4 ,qu9tiliano1 quem declamatorem ,romani g5]is acutissimum vel unius capitis lectio prima /atim fronte demon/rat 7,hild1 ,introd4 p4 xxi4 note74 #aa4 ,see also ! ,diss]tatio ( ,alb]tus ,trab&t1 ,gryphiswaldiae #ahhc1 ,de ,m9oribus quae sub nom9e ,qu9tiliani f]untur ,declamationibus4 #ab4 iv4 pr4 #b ,cum v]o mihi ,domitianus ,augu/us sororis suae nepotum delegav]it curam1 non satis honorem iudiciorum caele/ium intellegam1 nisi ex hoc on]is quoque magnitud9em meti>4 #ac4 ,if !y _h /ill be5 "u ,qu9tilian's c>e :5 he wrote ! ,introduction to ! ,six? ,book 7:]e ref]r+ to 8 dome/ic losses he says t he w live h5ce=? n to himself b to ! y\? ( ,rome71 he w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h made "s ref]5ce to !m4 #ad4 ,9 judg+ ,qu9tilian we mu/ n =get t simil> extravagances h n be5 unkn[n 9 our own lit]ature4 ,8 translator1 ,gu?rie--an ,ab]donian ,scot1 :o is full ( en?usiasm = 8 au?or--cries out 9 a note on ?is passage3 8,i w engage to po9t out f ! works ( "s ( ! greate/ & mo/ le>n$ m51 z well z ( ! be/ poets1 ( ,engl&1 complim5ts to ! abilities n only ( pr9ces1 b ( noblem51 /atesm51 nay1 private g5tlem51 :o 9 ?is respect des]v$ !m z little z ,domitian did40 #ae4 ,! expression us$ 9 vi4 pr4 #d1 meo casu cui tam5 nihil obici nisi quod vivam pote/1 %[s t ,qu9tilian 0 q consci\s ( 8 com=table circum/ances4--,halm 7foll[$ by ,mei/]7 reads quam quod vivam3 b ,i f9d nisi 9 bo? ! ,bamb]g 7,g7 & ! ,h>leian codices4 #af4 ,"s h suppos$ t ,qu9tilian made a second m>riage 7sometime betwe5 #ic & #ie71 aft] los+ 8 wife & two *ildr54 ,?is !ory1 :i* is reject$ n[ by ,momms51 ,teuffel1 & mo/ au?orities1 0 inv5t$ to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( a gr[n-up daught]1 to :om1 on ! occasion ( h] m>riage 7ab\t ! ye> #aje71 ,pl9y gives a pres5t ( #ej1jjj se/]ces3 ,ep4 vi4 #cb4 ,b ?is "y lady mu/ h be5 ! daught] ( ano!r ,qu9tilianus altoge!r4 ,:at we "k ( our ,qu9tilian's afflu5t circum/ances is inconsi/5t ) su* lib]ality on ,pl9y's "p3 ! gift is (f]$ z to a man :o is comp>atively poor4 ,moreov]1 ! lett] intimat+ ! gift conta9s no su* ref]5ce to ! s]vices ( a =m] tea*] z might h be5 expect$ on s int]e/+ an occasion4 ,& la/ly x is almo/ inconceivable t ,qu9tilian1 aft] bewail+ 9 ! ,introduction to ,book vi4 7ab\t #ic ,a4,d47 ! b]eavem5ts t left him desolate 7sup]/es omnium meorum71 %\ld h _h twelve ye>s aft]w>ds a daught] ( m>riageable age4 #ag4 ,quibus 7libris7 compon5dis1 ut scis1 paulo plus quam bi5nium tot alioqui negotiis di/rictus imp5di2 quod tempus non tam /ilo quam inquisitioni in/ituti op]is prope inf9iti et leg5dis auctoribus1 qui sunt innum]abiles1 datum e/4 #ah4 ,mild] ref]5ces1 su* z ^? at i4 #d1 #e & x4 #a1 #ce & #abc1 may h be5 writt5 be=e ! ev5t m5tion$ above 7! date ( :i* is fix$ by ,suet4 ,dom4 #aj & ,tac4 ,agric4 #b71 & may h be5 all[$ to /&4 #ai4 ,ipse nec habeat vitia nec f]at4 ,non au/]itas eius tri/is1 non dissoluta sit comitas1 ne inde odium1 h9c contemptus oriatur4 ,plurimus ei de hone/o ac bono s]mo sit3 nam quo saepius monu]it1 hoc r>ius ca/igabit4 ,m9ime iracundus1 nec tamem eorum quae em5d&a erunt dissimulator3 simplex 9 doc5do1 pati5s laboris1 adsiduus potius quam immodicus ii4 #b1 #e4 #bj4 ,see ,osc> ,br[n+'s #8,educational ,!ories' p4 #bf sqq41 = a good acc\nt ( ,qu9tilian's sy/em4 #ba4 xii4 #a1 #c & #d ne futurum quidem oratorem nisi virum bonum3 444 ne /udio quidem op]is pul*]rimi vac>e m5s nisi omnibus vitiis lib]a pote/4 #bb4 ,in/4 ,or4 xii4 #aa1 #d-g1 cit$ by ,br[n+ pp4 #cc-d3 ac nescio an eum tum beatissimum cr$i oporteat =e1 cum iam secretus et consecratus1 lib] invidia1 procul cont5tionibus1 famam 9 tuto colloc>it et s5tiet vivus eam1 quae po/ fata prae/>i magis solet1 v5]ationem1 et quid apud po/]os futurus sit videbit4 #bc4 ,dr4 ,reid 9 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica4 #bd4 i4 #b4 #d-h3 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bi4 #be4 i4 #b4 #h3 cp4 ,iuv4 xiv4 #dd sqq4 #bf4 ,quis enim ignorat et eloqu5tiam et cet]as artes descivisse ab illa vet]e gloria non inopia praemiorum1 s$ desidia iuv5tutis et negleg5tia p>5tum et insci5tia praecipi5tium et oblivione moris antiqui8--*4 #bh4 #bg4 ,m4 ,f4 ,qu9tiliani de ,in/itutione ,oratoria1 ,lib] ,primus3 ,p>is1 ,firm9-,didot et ,cie4 #ahij1 pp4 xiv4 sqq4 #bh4 ,= ! id5tification ( ?is manuscript see bel[ p4 lxx4 #bi4 ,admiration = him 0 c>ri$ to su* a pit* t at ,leipzig ! pr(essor ( eloqu5ce 0 designat$ ,qu9tiliani pr(essor4 ,lu!r 0 "o ( 8 greate/ admir]s1 pref]r+ him to almo/ e o!r writ]2 & ,erasmus 0 a dilig5t /ud5t ( 8 works1 especially ,books i & x ( ! ,in/itutio4 #cj4 ,/anhope's ,life ( ,pitt1 vol4 i4 p4 #aa4 #ca4 ,to ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote3 8,he 0 v fond ( ,qu9tilian1 & said x 0 /range t 9 ! decad5ce ( ,roman lit]ature1 z x 0 call$1 we _h ?ree su* au?ors z ,tacitus1 ,juv5al1 & ,qu9tilian10 ,lang's #8,life ( ,"l ,iddesleigh1' vol4 ii4 p4 #agh4 #cb4 ,dr4 ,reid 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica4 #cc4 ,see ,m4 ,samuel ,ro*eblave3 ,de ,m4 ,qu9tiliano ,l4 ,annaei ,s5ecae ,judice1 ,p>is 7,ha*ette71 #ahij4 #cd4 ,ep4 xvi4 #e1 #f de compositione non con/at3 ,ep4 xix4 #e1 #ac oratio c]tam regulam non habet4 #ce4 i ,prooem4 #aj sqq41 especially neque enim hoc concess]im rationem rectae hone/aeque vitae1 ut quidam putav]unt1 ad philosophos releg&am4 ,cp4 x4 #a1 #ce3 & xii4 #b1 #i ,ut9am 444 orator hanc artem sup]bo nom9e et vitiis quorundam bona eius corrump5tium invisam v9dicet4 ,m4 ,ro*eblave sees 9 ^! & o!r passages evid5ce ( a bias aga9/ ! repres5tatives ( philosophy on ! "p ( ,qu9tilian1 :i* mu/ h work$ z p[]fully 9 ! case ( a tea*] ( y\? z ! m op5 d5unciations ( ,juv5al & ,m>tial4 ,he ev5 f9ds traces ( ,qu9tilian's influ5ce ) ,domitian 9 ! bani%m5t ( ! philosoph]s f ,rome 9 ,a4,d4 #id4 ,x is c]ta9ly noticeable t ! tone ( 8 ref]5ces to !m becomes m bitt] 9 ! lat] books3 e4g4 xi4 #a1 #cc-ce3 & xii4 #c1 #aa-ab4 ,! ,prooemium to ,book i4 may h be5 writt5 la/ ( all3 & ap>t f x !re is no?+ 9 ,books i to x 7see i4 #d1 #e2 x4 #a1 #ce & #abc7 s acrimoni\s z ! extracts ref]$ to4 ,cp4 p4 xiv4 #cf4 ,see ii4 #e1 #aj-ab ,ne id quidem inutile1 etiam corruptas aliqu&o et vitiosas orationes1 quas tam5 pl]ique iudiciorum pravitate mirant>1 legi palam o/5dique 9 8 quam multa impropria1 obscura1 tumida1 humilia1 sordida1 lasciva1 effem9ata s9t3 quae non laudantur modo a pl]isque s$1 quod e/ peius1 propt] hoc ipsum quod sunt prava laudantur4 ,) ?is la/ cp4 x4 #a1 #abg 7( ,s5eca7 placebat propt] sola vitia4 ,s i4 #h1 #i qu&o nos 9 omnia delici>um vitia dic5di quoque ratione defluximus3 ii4 #e1 #bb 7cav5dum e/7 ne rec5tis huius lasciviae flosculis capti voluptate prava del5iantur ut pra$ulce illud g5us et pu]ilibus +5iis hoc gratius quo propius e/ adam5t3 ) :i* comp>e x4 #a1 #abi corrupta pl]aque atque eo p]niciosissima1 quod abundant dulcibus vitiis3 #acj cons5su potius eruditorum quam pu]orum amore comprob>etur4 ,ro*eblave cites also viii4 #e1 #bg1 #bh1 #cj4 #cg4 ,x is d\btful if ! allusion 9 #abf 7potioribus praef]ri non s9ebam quos ille non de/it]at incess]e1 c47 is exclusively to ,cic]o4 ,s5eca's extant works conta9 _m ref]5ces to ,cic]o :i* are ! rev]se ( disp>ag+3 ,ro*eblave 7p4 #dc7 cites ,ep4 vi4 #f1 #f :]e he speaks ( him z #8locuples' 9 ! *oice ( words3 xvi4 #e1 #i :]e he is #8maximus' 9 philosophy3 xviii4 #d1 #aj :]e he is #8dis]tissimus'3 see also xix4 #e1 #af1 & xvi4 #e1 #g4 #ch4 ,cp4 ,ro*eblave1 p4 #df ,de ,annaeo v]o ,s5eca1 velut olim de ,catone def5debat lepidissimus consul1 m]ito nobis dici videtur posse1 quae deficiant1 si m9us omnia1 pl]aque saltem tempori esse attribu5da2 quae v]o em9eant1 ipsius scriptoris esse propria1 et 9 primis oculos cap]e3 p4 #cf ,eloqu5tiam non v]bis1 s$ rebus val]e1 nec p] se1 s$ propt] quae doc]e animum possit1 esse excol5dam ,annaeus semp] pr(essus e/4 ,eloqu5tiam contra delectu v]borum praecipue con/>e1 et p] se am&am et requir5dam esse1 nulla aut m9ima r]um adhibita ratione1 docebant rhetores1 et 9 primis ,qu9tilianus3 p4 #ch ,ergo quum 9 eloqu5tia duo s9t praes]tim consid]&a1 scilicet res v]baque1 haud dubium e/ ,annaeam pro rebus ,fabium pro v]bis1 utrumque asp]rime1 egisse4 #ci4 ,see note on p4 #eh1 :]e an extract is giv5 :i* is quot$ by ,did]ot 9 8 ,essai sur ,claude et ,nron4 ,in/ead ( ,s5eca be+ ! #8corruptor eloqu5tiae' ! tru? is t #8il ne corrompit ri54 ,il suivit son gnie1 il s'accommoda au gt de ses contempora9s1 il eut l'avantage de leur plaire et de s'en faire admir]2 et l'envie lui fit un crime de ce qui pass]ait p\r vrai tal5t dans un homme mo9s clbre4' #dj4 ,montaigne1 ,essais ii4 *4 x4 #da4 ,fronto1 ,de ,oration4 p4 #aeg ,at enim qua$am 9 libris eius scite dicta1 gravit] quoque nonnulla4 ,etiam lam9ae int]dum arg5tiolae cloacis inv5iuntur2 eane re cloacas purg&as r$imemus8 ,= ,gellius see ,noct ,att4 xii4 #b4 #db4 8,9 ! case ( ! fir/ li/1 or li/ ( ,greek au?ors1 he gives 8 read]s fair w>n+ t he is only repeat+ o!r p's criticisms1 n pron\nc+ 8 own4 ,9 #bg he m5tions ,!ophra/us by "n2 9 #eb1 speak+ ( ,hesiod1 he says datur ei palma1 c42 9 #ec ! second place is giv5 to ,antima*us by ! cons5t ( ! grammatici2 ,panyasis is ?\ght 7putant7 9 eloqu5do neutrius aequ>e virtutes1 ,callima*us 7#eh7 pr9ceps habetur 7elegiae71 secundas confessione plurimorum ,philetas occupavit4 ,9 #ei only ?ree iambographi are m5tion$1 ^?1 namely1 :o 7 all[$ by ,ari/>*us4 ,! novem lyrici 7 probably a selection ( ,ari/>*us3 9 any case !y are ! ,p9d>us novemque lyrici 7= ?is ne$ n be tak5 to mean /rictly t57 ( ,petronius's fir/ *apt]40--,pr(4 ,nettle%ip 9 ,j\rn4 ( ,philol4 xviii4 p4 #beh4 #dc4 ,quod tempus 7i4e4 paulo plus quam bi5nium7 non tam /ilo quam inquisitioni in/ituti op]is prope inf9iti et leg5dis auctoribus1 qui sunt innum]abiles datum e/3 ,epi/4 ad ,tryphonem4 #dd4 ,clauss51 ,quae/iones ,qu9tilianeae1 ,leipzig #ahgc1 p4 #cdc note3 s5t5tia mea1 ut semel dicam1 ,qu9tilianus non omnia quae contuli op]a 9 s+ulis iudiciis evolvit s$ nonnullos locos memoria t5uit1 adeo ut inscius int]dum auctorum v]ba ref]ret4 ,?is 7?\gh some:at inconsi/5t ) ! op9ion quot$ p4 xxxii7 is a mild] v]dict ?an t ( ,pr(essor ,nettle%ip1 :o1 aft] speak+ ( ,qu9tilian's #8some:at pret5ti\s moral ov]ture' 7vir bonus dic5di p]itus1 c471 adds3 8"o w\ld be glad to "k :e!r he w\ld h ?\ght x a necess>y virtue 9 a bonus grammaticus to read & consci5ti\sly /udy ! ,greek au?ors on :om he passes =mal critical judgm5ts4 ,= x is1 alas6 too pla9 t1 :e!r ,qu9tilian _h or _h n read !m1 he cont5ts himself 9 _m cases ) m]ely repeat+ ! traditional criticisms ( ! ,greek s*ools ^u "s ( ! pr9cipal ,greek au?ors40 7,j\rn4 ( ,philol4 xviii4 p4 #beg47 #de4 ,see ,pr(4 ,nettle%ip's pap] on #8,lit]>y ,criticism 9 ,lat9 ,antiquity' 9 ,j\rn4 ( ,philol4 vol4 xviii4 p4 #bbe sqq4 #df4 ,cp4 iii4 #a1 #af1 :]e he is eulogis$ among ! ,greek rhetoricians2 ix4 #c1 #hi3 #d1 #hh 7#8similia dicit ,halic>nasseus ,dionysius'74 ,cp4 ! p>allelism 9 reg>d to ! ,panegyricus ( ,isocrates1 x4 #d1 #d3 & = o!r in/ances see ,clauss51 op4 cit4 pp4 #cci-cdj4 #dg4 ,! extant rema9s ( ?is treatise h rec5tly be5 edit$ by ,us5] 7,bonn4 #ahhi71 ) a valuable ,epilogus4 ,! scope ( ! "w is indicat$ by ,dionysius himself 9 ! ,epi/4 ad ,pompeium iii4 p4 #ggf ,r1 ,us5] p4 #ej3 1 1 77 1 4 #dh4 ,! /&po9t f :i* bo? critics reg>d$ ?is class ( poetry 0 probably mu* ! same z t :i* ,dio ,*ryso/om applies to lyric poetry g5]ally3 7cp4 tunc et elegiam vacabit1 c41 #eh7 7,or4 xviii4 #h1 p4 #dgh ,r47 #di4 ,h[ div]se ! tradition ( ! v>i\s au?orities came to be 9 reg>d to ! epic poets may be se5 f ,us5]'s note p4 #acg4 #ej4 ,cp4 h[ev] ,us5]'s note p4 #ach ,ari/ophanis propria fuit ,m5&ri illa admiratio quam epigramma prodit ,kaibelli p4 #ajhe 7,c4,i4,gr4 #fjhc73 cuius iudicii ,kaibelius p4 #dij 9 ,qu9tiliano x4 #a1 #fi ve/igia recte obs]vavit4 #ea4 ,see ,us5]1 p4 #abc3 fr4 xvii4 quid enim aut ,h]odoto dulcius aut ,?ucydide gravius1 fr4 xviii4 aut ,phili/o brevius aut ,!opompo acrius aut ,ephoro mitius inv5iri pote/8 ,x has be5 suppos$ t betwe5 ^! two fragm5ts ! words aut ,x5ophonte iucundius may h fall5 out3 cp4 ,qu9t1 x4 #a1 #hb4 #eb4 ,see especially fr4 xi4 qua re velim d>i mihi1 ,luculle1 indicem tragicorum1 ut sumam qui =te mihi desunt3 & cp4 note on #a #eg4 #ec4 ,cp4 ! note on qui p>cissime x4 #d1 #d4 #ed4 ,de ,canone decem ,oratorum ,atticorum ,quae/iones4 ,breslau1 #ahhc4 #ee4 ,a iudic&is poet>um c>m9ibus olim ars grammatica initium sumps]at1 fuitque ante quam --,us5]1 p4 #acb4 #ef4 ,see ,pr(4 ,nettle%ip1 ,j\rn4 ( ,phil4 pp4 #bcj-bca4 #eg4 ,among o!r traces ( ! use ( su* an abridgm5t by ,cic]o1 ,us5] reckons 8 judgm5ts on ! ,greek hi/orians 7,h]odotus & ,?ucydides1 ,phili/us1 ,!opompus & ,ephorus1 ,x5ophon1 ,calli/h5es & ,timaeus7 9 ! second book ( ! de ,oratore 7#ee-eh71 a "w :i* 0 writt5 t5 ye>s be=e ! ,hort5sius3 on ,h]odotus & ,?ucydides1 ,orat4 #ci3 cp4 ,ep4 ad ,qu9tum fr4 ii4 #aa 7#ac71 #d1 ad ,calli/h5em et ad ,phili/um r$eo1 9 quibus te video volutatum4 ,calli/h5es quidem volg>e et notum negotium1 quem ad modum aliquot ,graeci locuti sunt3 ,siculus ille capitalis1 creb]1 acutus1 brevis1 pa5e pusillus ,?ucydides4 #eh4 ,adponam lat]culum quam breve tam egregium1 quod ex codice ,coisl9iano n4 #chg olim ,a?oo saeculi ,x ,montefalconius edidit bibl4 ,coisl94 p4 #eig1 ex codice ,bodleiano olim ,me]manni rec5tiore ,cram]us anecd4 ,p>is t4 iv4 p #aif1 #ae sq4 ,us5]1 p4 #abi4 #ei4 ,nettle%ip1 9 ,j\rn4 ( ,philol4 p4 #bcc4 #fj4 ,havell's translation1 p4 #bg4 #fa4 ,see ! note on x4 #a1 #he1 ) ! quotation f ,pr(essor ,nettle%ip's article 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,philology4 ,9 ! ,rhe9is*es ,museum 7xix4 #ahfd1 p4 #c sqq47 ,m]ckl9 pu%$ ! p>allelism to an excessive ext5t1 endeav\r+ to f9d a correspond5ce betwe5 ea* individual ,greek & ,lat9 writ] m5tion$ by ,qu9tilian4 #fb4 8,8 7,s5eca's7 works are made up ( mottoes4 ,!re is h>dly a s5t5ce :i* might n be quot$2 b to read him /raight =w>d is l d9+ on no?+ b an*ovy sauce40--,macaulay1 ,trevelyan's ,life1 i4 p4 #ddh4 #fc4 ,p]vasit iam multos i/a p]suasio1 ut id demum elegant] atque exquisite dictum pat5t1 quod int]pret&um sit3 viii4 #b4 #ba4 #fd4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bj ,iam v]o iuv5es 444 non solum audire s$ etiam ref]re domum aliquid inlu/re et dignum memoria volunt1 traduntque invicem ac saepe 9 colonias ac prov9cias suas scribunt1 sive s5sus aliquis arguta et brevi s5t5tia effulsit1 sive locus exquisito et poetico cultu enituit4 #fe4 ii4 #e1 #aj o/5di 9 8 quam multa impropria1 obscura1 tumida1 humilia1 sordida1 lasciva1 effem9ata s9t3 guae non laudantur modo a pl]isque1 s$1 quod e/ peius1 propt] hoc ipsum quod sunt prava laudantur4 #ff4 ,he resembles o!r writ]s ( ! decad5ce 9 ! frequ5t use ( r>e or poetical words1 9 neglect+ ! nice di/9ctions =m]ly made betwe5 synonyms1 9 ! numb]s ( adjectives us$ sub/antively1 c4 #fg4 ,9 discuss+ ,qu9tilian's language & /yle1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t he 0 a ,spani>d by bir?4 ,9 8 rec5t pamphlet1 #8,ueb] die ,sub/antivi]ung des ,adjectivums bei ,qu9tilian' 7,b]l91 #ahij71 ,dr4 ,paul ,hirt quotes an int]e/+ rem>k ( ,filelfo 7cp4 ,g4 ,voigt1 #8,wi$]belebung des klass4 ,alt4' i4 p4 #dfg note71 :i* has lately receiv$ "s corroboration3 sapit hispanitatem nescio quam1 hoc e/ b>b>iem plane qu&am4 ,filelfo did n l ,qu9tilian3 nullam habet elegantiam1 nullum nitorem1 nullam suavitatem4 ,neque movet dic5do ,qu9tilianus1 neque satis docet1 nec delectat4 ,b ?is 0 only ,filelfo's op9ion1 = :i* he w\ld n h be5 able to furni% su* sci5tific gr\nds z t lately 7,ar*iv4 f4 ,lat4 ,lex4 und ,gramm4 #a p4 #cef7 suppli$ by ,dr4 ,e4 ,wlffl91 9 reg>d to ! adjective p&us4 ,?is ^w 0 9 use 9 ! days ( ,ennius1 & occurs (t5 aft]w>ds 9 poetry1 b n 9 prose4 ,9 ,spa91 h[ev]1 x l+]$1 & is us$ by ,s5eca1 ,m>tial1 ,silius1 ,columella1 & especially by ,qu9tilian4 ,aft] ^! writ]s x disappe>s aga9 till ! f\r? c5tury4--,cp4 i4 #e1 #eg gurdos1 quos pro /olidis accipit vulgus1 ex ,hispania duxisse orig9em audivi1 :i* has be5 quot$ 7by ,abb ,gdoyn1 & by ,h]mann1 foll[+ ,gesn]7 /rangely en\gh 9 dispro( ( ,qu9tilian's ,spani% bir?4 #fh4 ,= ?is section ,i am especially indebt$ to a ,diss]tatio by ,adamus ,m>ty3 ,de ,qu9tilianeo ,usu et ,copia ,v]borum cum ,cic]onianis potissimum comp>atis4 ,also ! ,prolegom5a 9 ,bonnell's ,lexicon3 & ,dosson's ,rem>ques sur la ,langue de ,qu9tili54 #fi4 ,m>ty 7op4 cit4 p4 #dg7 has an int]e/+ note1 9 :i*1 ref]r+ to ! ,zeits*rift f4 ,gymnasialwes51 xiv4 pp4 #dbg-bi1 he says x has be5 f\nd t !re are 9 ,cic]o #bij 7#bif7 sub/antives 9 -tor & #dd 7#df7 9 -trix4 ,( ^! #gc 9 -tor & #d 9 -trix are also 9 ,qu9tilian1 :o has1 on ! o!r h&1 #bh 9 -tor & #h 9 -trix :i* d n occur 9 ,cic]o4 ,^! are--adfectator1 admirator1 ads]tor1 agnitor1 alt]cator1 auxiliator1 con/itutor1 consultor1 contemptor1 cunctator1 delator1 d]isor1 exactor1 =mator1 iactator1 insectator1 latrator1 legum lator1 luctator1 plosor1 pr(essor7871 raptor1 rep]tor1 rixator1 signator1 /uprator1 v5tilator1 v]sificator1 cavillatrix1 disputatrix1 elocutrix1 enuntiatrix1 ex]citatrix1 hortatrix1 iudicatrix1 7litt]atrix71 s]moc9atrix4 #gj4 ,?is subject has be5 mo/ exhau/ively treat$ 9 a ,programm by ,dr4 ,paul ,hirt1 #8,ueb] die ,sub/antivi]ung des ,adjectivums bei ,qu9tilian' 7,b]l91 #ahij71 a monum5t ( ,g]man ?or\ghness4 ,see also ,be*]'s ,quae/iones ,grammaticae 7,nordhaus51 #ahgi71 pp4 #f sqq4 #ga4 ,s*malz 7,ueb] d5 ,spra*gebrau* des ,as9ius ,pollio1 p4 #eb7 says t ?is usage1 :i* is a fav\rite "o ) ,pollio ad ,fam4 x4 #cb1 #e ,gallum ,cornelium71 0 fir/ introduc$ by ,v>ro 7,l4 ,lat4 #e1 #hc ,scaevola ,qu9tus3 de ,re ,ru/4 i4 #b1 #a ,libo ,m>cius74 ,x is frequ5t 9 ,cic]o's correspond5ce1 & became g5]al 9 ,velleius ,pat]culus4 #gb4 ,see a ,programm by ,david ,wolln]1 #8,die von d] ,b]$samkeit aus d] ,krieg]- und ,fe*t]spra*e entlehnt5 ,bildli*5 ,w5dung5 9 d] rhetoris*5 ,s*rift5 des ,cic]o1 ,qu9tilian1 und ,tacitus' 7,l&au1 #ahhf74 #gc4 ,halm's acc\nt ( ?is is m accurate ?an ,mei/]'s4 ,! =m] 7,praef4 p4 viii7 says magnae autem lacunae ,b]n5sis p]gam5is ins]tis ex alio codice suppletae sunt4 ,! alius codex :i* ! writ] ( ,g _h at h& is no long] extant3 x no d\bt belong$ to ! same family z ! ,ambrosianus1 & ,bamb]g5sis ,g is consequ5tly ( fir/-class importance1 especially :]e ! ,ambrosianus fails u4 ,x is incorrect to say 7) ,mei/]1 ,praef4 p4 vi7 lacunae p]gam5is ex ali5o codice ins]tis expletae sunt4 ,! writ] ( ,g did n mutilate ano!r codex 9 ord] to complete ,bg3 9 "s places he beg9s 8 copy on ! blank space left at ! end ( a folio 9 ,bg4 #gd4 ,! ,prat5sis is ! olde/ au?ority = ! read+ tam laesae h]cule at i4 #b1 #d3 ! ,puteanus & ,ioann5sis agree4 ,aga9 all ?ree omit ! words de litt]is at i4 #d1 #f1 & %[ praecoquum = praecox at i4 #c1 #c 7s ,voss4 iii4 & #ggfj71 & haec igitur ex v]bis at i4 #e1 #b 7s ,voss4 iii474 #ge4 ,an acc\nt ( ?is important codex has already be5 giv5 9 an article on ,m4 ,fi]ville's ,qu9tilian1 ,classical ,review1 ,febru>y1 #ahia4 #gf4 ,! subpunctuation ( ^! lett]s by ! second h& by ! ,bamb]g5sis is a ph5om5on :i* may1 ,i ?9k1 be expla9$ 9 ?is way4 ,! codex f :i* ! read+s kn[n z b are tak5 mu/ h be5 ( consid]able antiquity1 & probably ab\nd$ 9 contractions3 lius may h seem$ to ! copyi/ ! ne>e/ approa* to :at he _h be=e him1 :]e=e he subpunctuat$ ,cloe4 ,cloelius 9 ! ,bamb]g5sis is a v intelligible mi/ake = ,clodius4 ,ano!r example ( a simil> mi/ake on ! "p ( ! writ] ( b occurs at x4 #b1 #g1 :]e ! ,bamb]g5sis n[ %[s id consequi qd imit]is1 ! writ] ( b hav+ subpunctuat$ quo because he did n und]/& ! contraction = quod :i* he _h 9 ! text be=e him4 ,! copyi/ ( ! ,h>leianus at once foll[s suit1 & h5ce ! rem>kable read+ id consequi dimit]is1 :i* 9 ! ,bodleianus & o!r ,,mss4 becomes de metris 7see ,crit4 ,note ad loc474 ,9 fact1 x seems t mu* ( ! corruption :i* has prevail$ 9 ! text ( ,qu9tilian is due to ! fact t b v (t5 did n und]/& :at he 0 do+1 & t ?r\gh su* codices z foll[$ 8 guidance 8 errors became p]petuat$4 ,cp4 totas at cures 7= vires b7 suas 9 ! second la/ l9e ( ! ,facsimile 7x4 #a1 #aji47 #gg4 ,! only places 9 ! ,t5? ,book :i* =m any ob/acle to ! !ory t ,h 0 copi$ directly f ! ,bamb]g5sis are ! foll[+3 x4 #c1 #cc1 :]e ! rem>kable gloss v9demoni occurs 7repeat$ 9 ,f b n 9 ,t73 see ,crit4 ,notes ad loc4 = an attempt$ explanation3 x4 #b1 #a ex 8 summa ,h1 a mi/ake evid5tly recognis$ by ! copyi/ himself3 & x4 #a1 #bg bl&ita tum ,h 7s ,l ,c71 lib]tate ,g4 #gh4 ,! claim ( ! ,codex ,flor5t9us to be ,poggio's manuscript 0 def9itely reject$ by ,a4 ,reiff]s*eid 9 ! ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 xxiii 7#ahfh71 pp4 #adc-adf4 ,reiff]s*eid ref]s to a ,codex ,urb9as 7#egg71 an exam9ation ( :i* w\ld probably settle ! "q1 if x is :at x pr(esses to be1 a transcript ( ,poggio's manuscript4 ,x be>s ! foll[+ inscription3 ,scripsit ,poggius ,flor5t9us hunc librum ,con/antiae diebus ,,liii s$e apo/olica vacante4 ,rep]imus v]o eum 9 biblio!ca mona/]ii sancti galli quo plures litt]>um /udiosi p]quir5dorum librorum causa accessimus ex quo plurimum utilitalis eloqu5tiae /udiis comp>atum putamus1 cum antea ,qu9tilianum neque integrum neque nisi lac]um et truncum plurimis locis hab]emus4 ,hec v]ba ex orig9ali ,poggii sumpta4 #gi4 ,= ! controv]sy z betwe5 ! ,turic5sis & ! ,flor5t9us see ,halm1 ,sitzungsb]i*te d] knigl4 ,akademie d] ,wiss5s*aft5 zu ,mn*51 #ahff1 p4 #dii note3 & ,fi]ville1 ,introduction1 p4 xcii4 sqq4 #hj4 ,kid]l9 7,rhe94 ,mus4 xlvi4 p4 #ab1 note7 cites ! foll[+ passages 9 ,book x1 :]e ,s has pres]v$ ! "r read+3 ,i add ^? ( my ,,mss4 :i* are 9 agreem5t--#ai dig]antur 7,g ,h dirigantur1 ,l dirig]antur73 #bg bl&icia1 s ,burn4 #bdc 7,g lib]tate1 ,h ,l bl&ita tum73 #ee s$ 7,g ,h et1 om4 ,l73 #fe tam5 quem 7,g ,h tam5 quae3 ,m tamquam73 #ff correctas 7,g ,h rectas1 ,m correptas73 #fg ut] 7,g ,h ,m ,t ut]que73 #fh repreh5dunt 7,g ,h ,m repreh5dit1--et ,h 873 #fi te/atur 7z ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,ball41 ,dorv471 ,g ,m prae/atur 7z ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl473 #gf 9 eo tam 7,g inectam1 ,m 9 hoc tam74 #ha4 ,see note on ! foll[+ page4 #hb4 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt5 ! read+s ( ! ,vall5sis h be5 giv5 9 detail = ! ,t5? ,book by ,be*] 7,programm des knigli*5 ,gymnasiums zu ,auri*1 ,ea/]1 #ahia74 ,) ! exception ( ,h>l4 #diie1 no o!r fifte5? c5tury codex furni%es s correct a text2 & x is int]e/+ to speculate :e!r ! improvem5ts are due to ! progress ( s*ol>%ip s9ce ,poggio's discov]y1 or to ! fact t ! ,vall5sis & ,h>l4 #diie d]ive1 n f ! class ( ,,mss4 to :i* ,poggio's belong$1 b f "s o!r & m reliable codex4 ,if ! latt] 0 copi$ f ! =m]1 x w af=d a te/1 su* z ,be*] desid]ates1 = discrim9at+ betwe5 ! corrections made 9 ! ,vall5sis4 ,^? n adopt$ 9 ,h>l4 #diie 7 made1 9 all probability1 aft] #adgj4 ,= example 9 #a4 #bc utile erit 7,vall4#b7 does n appe> 9 ! ,london manuscript1 :i* also has audatiora #e #d3 nobis ac & uno g5]e ib4 #g3 virtutum ib4 #ag3 recid]e ib4 #bb3 dilig5t] effecta1 7)\t una enim7 ib4 #bc3 iniic]e #g #bi4 ,9 all ^! places !re are corrections by a lat] h& 9 ! ,vall5sis4 ,b 9 ! foll[+ passages1 among o!rs1 ! copyi/ ( ,h>l4 #diie adopts corrections :i* _h already be5 made 9 ! ,vall5sis3 #a #i quae cultiore 9 p>te3 #ai it]atione3 #ca molli3 #ch exequ>3 #ajg qui duo plurimum affectus val5t3 #aag et vis summa3 #abe tum3 #b #ae dicunt3 #ag quam libet3 #c #b et fundit3 #f scriptorum3 #ag contextis quae fudit levitas3 #ba simul v]t]e latus3 #ca crebra relatione3 #e #ab de reo3 #be utilior4 ,a comp>ison ( ! two codices might possibly reveal ! fact t ! writ] ( ,h>l4 #diie is himself ! au?or ( "s ( ! em5dations 9 ! ,vall5sis4 ,0 he ,j4 ,badius8 #a ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,argum5t4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,h[ to acquire a comm& ( ,diction4 #a-d4 ,! "q :e!r a ready comm& ( spee* is be/ acquir$ by writ+1 or by read+1 or by speak+1 is ( little practical importance1 all ?ree be+ indisp5sable4 ,b :at is !oretically mo/ indisp5sable does n necess>ily take fir/ rank = ! purpose ( practical oratory4 ,speak+ comes fir/3 !n imitation 7#h & *4 ii71 includ+ read+ & he>+3 la/ly1 writ+ 7*s4 iii-v74 ,t is ! ord] ( developm5t--n necess>ily ! ord] ( importance4 ,! e>ly tra9+ ( ! orator has be5 ov]tak5 9 ! fir/ two books4 ,we h n[ to deal1 n ) ! !ory ( rhetoric1 b ) ! be/ me?ods ( apply+ !ory to practice4 #e-ae4 ,! necess>y /ore ( ?+s & words c be obta9$ only by read+ & he>+4 ,we ought to read ! be/ writ+s & he> ! be/ orators4 ,& mu* read+ & he>+ w n only furni% a /ock ( words3 x w /imulate indep5d5t ?\ght1 & w %[ ! /ud5t actual examples ( ! !oretical pr9ciples taught 9 ! s*ools4 #af-ai4 ,! comp>ative advantages ( he>+ & read+3 ! =m] m #8cat*+1' ! latt] m indep5d5t4 #bj-bf4 ,! be/ writ]s %\ld be read fir/4 ,read+ ought to be sl[ & se>*+1 ) c>eful att5tion 7especially 9 ! case ( spee*es7 to details1 foll[$ by a review ( ! :ole4 ,we %\ld also acqua9t ourselves ) ! facts ( ! cases to :i* ! spee*es relate1 & read ^? deliv]$ on bo? sides4 ,o!r spee*es on ! same side %\ld be read1 if accessible4 ,b ev5 9 /udy+ a ma/]piece our admiration mu/ always be temp]$ ) judgm5t3 we _c assume ! p]fection ( e "p4 ,x is saf]1 h[ev]1 to err on ! side ( appreciation3 uncritical approbation is pref]able to cont9ual fault-f9d+4 #bg-cj4 ,! /udy ( ,poetry is important = ! orator1 z conf]r+ a great] #b elevation ( _s & diction1 besides s]v+ z a pleasurable recreation4 ,b poetry is n re/ra9$ by ! practical aims ( ! orator1 ^: /age is a battle-field :]e he mu/ ev] /rive = ! ma/]y4 #ca-cd4 ,hi/ory1 too1 w furni% a ri* & g5ial alim5t1 :i* %\ld be us$1 h[ev]1 ) caution3 its v excell5ces are (t5 defects 9 ! orator4 ,x tells its /ory1 & recalls ! pa/2 :]eas ! orator mu/ address himself to imm$iate pro(4 ,consid]$ z a m9e ( anci5t prec$5ts1 hi/ory is v useful2 b ?is po9t ( view is r outside ! scope ( ! pres5t *apt]4 #ce-cf4 ,philosophy w give famili>ity ) ! pr9ciples ( e?ics & dialectics1 z well z skill 9 controv]sy4 ,b "h also we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! atmosph]e ( ! lecture-room diff]s f t ( ! law-c\rt4 #cg-db4 ,9 lay+ d[n a plan ( read+ x w\ld be impossible to notice individually all ! writ]s 9 bo? languages1 ?\gh x may be said g5]ally t almo/ all1 :e!r old or new1 are wor? read+1--at lea/ 9 "p4 ,!re may be mu* t is valuable 9 relation to "s bran* ( k1 b outside my pres5t object1 :i* is to recomm5d :at is pr(itable = ! =mation ( /yle4 #dc-df4 ,be=e proce$+ to give a li/ ( typical au?ors1 a ^w mu/ be said ab\t ! diff]5t op9ions & ta/es ( orators & critics reg>d+ ! v>i\s s*ools & /yles ( eloqu5ce4 ,"s are prejudic$ 9 fav\r ( ! old writ]s2 o!rs admire ! affectation & ref9em5t :i* *>act]ise ^? ( our own day4 ,& ev5 ^? :o desire to foll[ ! true /&>d ( /yle diff] among ea* o!r4 ,! li/ n[ to be giv5 conta9s only a selection ( ! be/ models3 x does n pr(ess to be exhau/ive4 #df-hd4 ,,greek ,,lit]ature4 #df-gb4 ,greek ,poetry4 #df-fa4 ,epic1 didactic1 pa/oral1 elegiac1 iambic1 & lyric poetry prop]4 ,! praise ( ,hom]1 #df-ea3 #8x is mu* to und]/&1 impossible to rival1 8 greatness4' ,hesiod is ri* 9 moral maxims1 & a ma/] ( ! #8middle /yle'3 ,antima*us1 ,panyasis1 ,apollonius1 ,aratus1 ,!ocritus1 & o!rs1 #eb-eg4 ,a ^w 9 pass+ ab\t ! elegiac poets1 repres5t$ by ,callima*us & ,philetas1 #eh4 ,( iambographi ! typical writ] is ,ar*ilo*us1 #ei-fj4 ,! *ief lyric poets are ,p9d> 7#fa71 ,/esi*orus 7#fb71 ,alcaeus 7#fc71 & ,simonides 7#fd74 #fe-gb4 ,dramatic poetry4 ,! ,old ,com$y 7#fe-ff7 ) its pure ,attic diction & fre$om ( political criticism is m ak9 to oratory & m fitt$ to =m ! orator ?an any o!r class ( poetry1--always except+ ,hom]4 ,trag$y 7#fg-fh7 is repres5t$ by ,aes*ylus1 ,sophocles1 & ,euripides3 ( ! latt] two ,euripides is m useful = ! orator4 ,he 0 imitat$ by ,m5&] 7#fi-gb71 ! #8mirror ( life1' :o might alone suffice to =m ! orator4 ,m5&]'s sup]iority to all o!r comic dramati/s4 #gc-ge4 ,greek ,hi/orians4 ,! pregnant brevity ( ,?ucydides1 ! *>m & transp>5cy ( ,h]odotus4 ,!opompus3 ,phili/us 7#8! little ,?ucydides'73 ,ephorus1 & o!rs4 #gf-hj4 ,greek ,orators4 ,demo/h5es ! /&>d ( eloqu5ce1 9 :om !re is no?+ ei!r too #c mu* or too little4 ,aes*9es m diffuse3 #8m fle%1 less muscle4' ,hyp]ides is pleas+1 b m at home 9 less important causes4 ,lysias resembles a cle> spr+ r ?an a full riv]4 ,isocrates belongs to ! gymnasium r ?an to ! field ( battle3 9 arrangem5t punctili\s to a fault4 ,demetrius ( ,phal]um ! la/ ,a!nian wor?y ( ! "n ( orator4 #ha-hd4 ,greek ,philosoph]s4 ,bo? 9 respect ( reason+ p[] & = beauty ( /yle1 ,plato holds ! fir/ place4 ,( ,x5ophon's artless *>m x might be said t #8,p]suasion h]self p]*$ ^u 8 lips4' ,ari/otle is fam\s alike = k1 productiv5ess1 grace ( /yle1 inv5tion1 & v]satility4 ,!ophra/us ow$ ev5 8 "n to ! div9e spl5d\r ( 8 language4 ,! ,/oics 7 ! *ampions ( virtue1 & %[$ _! /r5g? 9 def5d+ _! t5ets3 ! gr& /yle !y did n affect4 #he-aca4 ,,roman ,,lit]ature4 #he-ajj4 ,roman ,poetry4 #he-ib4 ,epic ,poets4 ,v]gil mu/ head ! li/1 rank+ ne>] to ,hom] ?an any ?ird poet does to him4 ,= consi/5t & uni=m excell5ce he may surpass ev5 ,hom]1 h[ev] little he may rival ,hom]'s be/ passages4 ,mac] & ,lucretius are wor? read+1 b n = /yle4 ,v>ro ,atac9us has "s m]it z a translator1 b w n add to an orator's res\rces4 ,ennius is l "s v5]able grove1 ^: trees h m sanctity ?an beauty3 !re are o!rs ne>] our own day1 & m useful = our special purpose4 ,ovid is uncontroll$ ev5 9 8 hexamet]s1 & lets 8 fancy run away ) him3 yet admirable 9 p>ts4 ,cornelius ,sev]us fell away f ! /&>d ( 8 fir/ book4 ,! y\?ful works ( ,s]ranus display great tal5t & a correct ta/e 9 /yle4 ,we lately lo/ mu* 9 ,val]ius ,flaccus4 ,! inspiration ( ,saleius ,bassus also fail$ to take on ! mell[ness ( age4 ,rabirius & ,p$o are wor? read+ 9 sp>e mom5ts4 ,lucan has fire & po9t1 & is a model = orators r ?an = poets4 ,domitian ,i w\ld "n _h n ! c>e ( ! _w prev5t$ him f becom+ our greate/ poet4 ,ev5 ! compositions ( 8 e>li] days1 aft] he _h h&$ ov] ! empire1 are l(ty1 le>n$1 & ( surpass+ excell5ce3 #8! poet's ivy is entw9$ ) ! conqu]+ bay4' #ic-if4 ,elegy1 ,satire1 iambic & lyric poetry4 ,9 ,elegy we c *all5ge ! ,greeks4 ,! mo/ poli%$ & ref9$ is1 9 my op9ion1 ,tibullus2 "s pref] ,prop]tius4 ,ovid is m uncontroll$ ?an ei!r1 ,gallus h>%]4 ,satire is all our own4 ,lucilius is by "s /ill pref]r$ to all poets :atsoev]4 ,i deprecate su* extravagant eulogy1 z ,i disagree ) ! c5sure ( ,horace4 ,lucilius has le>n+1 boldness1 cau/icity1 wit4 ,horace is ! pr9ce ( satiri/s4 ,p]sius e>n$ r5[n by a s+le book4 ,o!rs /ill alive w h a "n h]eaft]4 ,t]5tius ,v>ro wrote saturae ( ! e>li] k9d4 ,a pr(\nd s*ol>1 antiqu>ian1 & hi/orian1 he has made great] contributions to k ?an to oratory4 ,z a sep>ate =m ( composition1 iambic poetry is n mu* 9 vogue4 ,horace is our great lyric poet1--ev]y:]e pleas+ & graceful1 & v happy 9 8 language4 ,caesius ,bassus too may be add$3 b !re are liv+ au?ors ( great] m]it4 #ig-ajj4 ,dramatic ,poetry4 ,( ,trag$ians1 ,attius & ,pacuvius are mo/ r5[n$ = weight ( ?\ght #d & /yle1 & = ! dignity ( _! *>act]s2 b !y lack f9i%4 ,attius has m /r5g?1 ,pacuvius m le>n+4 ,v>ius's ,?ye/es may be set beside any ,greek play4 ,ovid's ,m$ea %[s :at he might h done if he c\ld h kept )9 b\nds4 ,pomponius ,secundus is by f> ! greate/ ( all :om ,i h myself se54 ,com$y is n our /rong po9t4 ,not)/&+ ,plautus1 ,caecilius1 & ,t]5ce1 we sc>cely reproduce a fa9t %ad[ ( our orig9als3 p]haps our language is incapable ( ! grace & *>m :i*1 ev5 9 ,greek1 is peculi> to ! ,attic4 ,afranius is ! be/ writ] ( togatae1 b 8 is n a pure art4 #aja-ajd4 ,roman ,hi/orians4 ,9 hi/ory we hold our own4 ,sallu/ may be pitt$ aga9/ ,?ucydides1 ,livy aga9/ ,h]odotus4 ,livy is rem>kable = ! *>m & transp>5cy ( 8 n>rative /yle1 z well z = ! eloqu5ce & appropriat5ess ( 8 spee*es2 & 9 ! pres5tation ( passion1 especially on its s(t] side1 he is unsurpass$4 ,sallu/ is diff]5t b n inf]ior4 ,s]vilius ,nonianus wants concis5ess4 ,aufidius ,bassus did m to ma9ta9 ! dignity ( hi/ory4 ,!re is also ! glory ( our own age1 ! hi/orian :o is /ill ) u1 & :om ,i d n m5tion by "n4 ,cremutius ,cordus is appreciat$ = 8 indep5d5t _s1 :i* /ill survives 9 8 works 9 spite ( ! revision & expurgation !y h be5 subject$ to4 ,!re are o!rs1 b ,i am only giv+ samples ( classes1 n ransack+ libr>ies4 #aje-abb4 ,roman ,orators4 ,cic]o c /& aga9/ ,demo/h5es4 ,i d n propose1 h[ev]1 to make a detail$ comp>ison betwe5 !m1 & ,i admit t ,demo/h5es is wor?y ( be+ le>nt by he>t4 ,9 inv5tion !y resemble ea* o!r3 9 /yle !y diff]1 ,demo/h5es be+ m concise1 ,cic]o m diffuse2 ! "o always pi]ces ) ! po9t ( 8 weapon1 ! o!r (t5 lets y feel ! weight ( x2 ! "o has m art1 ! o!r a great] natural gift4 ,9 wit & pa?os ,cic]o excels4 ,demo/h5es 0 p]haps deb>r$ f gl[+ p]orations2 b on ! o!r h& ! g5ius ( ! ,lat9 language d5ies to u a full measure ( ! peculi> #8,attic *>m4' ,/ill ,demo/h5es came fir/1 & ,cic]o owes mu* to him4 ,he is h[ev] no m]e imitator1--#8no ci/]n ( ra9-wat]1 b a liv+ s\rce4' ,in/ructive1 affect+1 pleas+1 he c>ries 8 audi5ce away ) him4 ,he w9s conviction n by ! zeal ( a p>tisan1 b by ! imp>tiality ( a judge3 ev]y?+ he does is natural & easy4 ,he 0 k+ ( ! b> 9 8 own day1 & ) u 8 "n is a synonym = eloqu5ce3 x is a m>k ( progress to h a high appreciation ( ,cic]o4 ,pollio1 ) all 8 good po9ts1 is s f> beh9d ,cic]o 9 *>m & poli% t x might be ?\ght he liv$ a c5tury e>li]4 ,messalla is lucid & di/+ui%$1 b wants =ce4 ,caes> might h disput$ ! palm ) ,cic]o2 8 spee*es brea! 8 w>like ard\r1 & yet he is above all ?+s #8elegans4' ,caelius has g5ius & wit3 he des]v$ a long] life4 ,calvus is by "s pref]r$ to all o!rs2 b ,cic]o ?\ght t by too rigor\s self-criticism he lo/ ! v life-blood ( /yle4 ,he is moral1 weighty1 *a/5$1 & (t5 vigor\s )al4 ,he 0 a /rict ,attici/2 & x is a pity t he di$ s "y1 if !re 0 a likelihood ( 8 enri*+ 8 /yle4 ,s]vius ,sulpicius made a "n by ?ree spee*es4 ,cassius ,sev]us wants tone & dignity3 he has g5ius1 cau/icity1 & wit2 b 8 ang] outruns 8 judgm5t4 ,( ^? :om ,i h se51 ,af] & ,africanus rank highe/3 ! #e =m] might be class$ ) ! orators ( =m] days1 ! latt] is m vigor\s1 b c>eless1 wordy1 & ov]-bold 9 metaphor4 ,tra*alus has elevation2 he _h great p]sonal advantages z well4 ,vibius ,crispus is delightful1 b m fitt$ = private ?an = public cases4 ,iulius ,secundus did n live long en\gh to secure 8 due %>e ( fame4 ,he is too mu* ( an arti/ & too little ( a fight+-man3 yet he has flu5cy1 lucidity1 & o!r good qualities4 ,our own era w furni% ! future hi/orian ) _m subjects ( eulogy4 #abc-aca4 ,roman ,philosoph]s4 ,?\gh we are n /rong 9 philosophy1 yet "h ! univ]sal ,tully is a mat* = ,plato4 ,brutus1 too1 is great] "h ?an 9 oratory3 he speaks f ! he>t4 ,celsus has writt5 a consid]able numb] ( works4 ,among ! ,/oics1 ,plautus w be ( s]vice to ! inquir]4 ,catius ! ,epicurean has no great weight1 b is pleasant )al4 ,i might h m5tion$ ,s5eca be=e1 & 9 e dep>tm5t1 b h purposely kept him wait+3 ,i am accus$ ( dislik+ him4 ,! fact is t at a "t :5 he alone 0 /udi$ ,i /rove to introduce a pur] ta/e4 ,he disp>ag$ ! #8anci5ts1' & 8 imitators aggravat$ 8 defects4 ,he possess$ wide le>n+1 ?\gh on special subjects he 0 sometimes misl$ by o!rs4 ,8 v]satility is %[n 9 oratory1 poetry1 lett]s1 & dialogues4 ,a /]n morali/1 b a vici\s1 yet s$uctive1 /yli/4 ,8 defects ende> him to ! "y1 b rob him ( ! praise ( ^? ( rip] ye>s4 ,yet ^! too may f9d pr(it 9 him1 if !y use _! judgm5t4 ,w\ld t he _h _h nobl] aims6 ,yet he realis$ ! aims he _h4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,imitation4 #a-c4 ,:ile ! comm& ( words1 figures1 & arrangem5t is to be acquir$ by ! /udy ( ! be/ au?ors1 z recomm5d$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]1 ! m9d mu/ also be ex]cis$ 9 ! imitation ( all ! good qualities :i* su* au?ors exemplify4 ,! place ( imitation 9 art3 a natural & univ]sal in/9ct4 ,! v ease ( imitation has its dang]s4 #d-ac4 ,only a dull & sluggi% _s w be cont5t to d no?+ b imitate1 )\t inv5t+ any?+ new4 ,) our advantages ( tra9+1 we are ev5 m b\nd ?an our pr$ecessors to progress4 ,we ought ev5 to surpass our models3 if we conf9e ourselves to imitation alone1 %all we ev] realise ! ideal 9 oratory8 ,nature h]self does n a*ieve exact resemblance 9 reproduction4 ,moreov]1 !re is mu* 9 oratory t is *>act]i/ic ( individual speak]s1 & due to natural gifts3 ?is _c be made matt] ( imitation4 ,y may imitate ! language & rhy?mical arrangem5t ( a great spee*2 b ! fa%ion ( words *anges1 & z = arrangem5t1 !re mu/ always be an adaptation ( s\nd to s5se4 #ad-ah4 ,imitation is !re=e a "p ( /udy 9 reg>d to :i* great circumspection mu/ be us$1--fir/ 9 ! *oice ( models1 &1 secondly1 9 det]m9+ #f ! good po9ts we w\ld seek to reproduce2 = ev5 good au?ors h _! defects4 ,aga91 we mu/ "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 sup]ficial imitation & t 9 :i* ! inn] _s is repres5t$4 ,9 cases :]e only ! outw>d mann] is caught elevation becomes bomba/1 & simplicity c>elessness2 r\ghness ( =m & insipidity 9 sub/ance pass = antique pla9ness2 want ( poli% & po9t1 = ,attic re/ra9t2 artificial obscurity claims to rank above ,sallu/ & ,?ucydides2 ! dull & spiritless *all5ge comp>ison ) ,pollio2 easy-go+ drawl]s call _! diffuse p]iods ,cic]onian1 delight$ if !y c f9i% (f a s5t5ce ) ,esse videatur4 #ai-ba4 ,! /ud5t mu/ consid] :i* models 8 own gifts qualify him to imitate4 ,a bold rugg$ /yle1 = example1 is appropriate to ! =m ( g5ius :i* w\ld make %ipwreck by an excessive affectation ( ref9em5t4 ,x is ( c\rse )9 ! prov9ce ( ! tea*] to supply ! natural defects ( 8 pupils2 b x is a f> h>d] matt] to m\ld & =m "o's own nature4 ,ev5 ! tea*] w n keep up a prolong$ /ruggle aga9/ ob/acles ( natural disposition4 #ba-bf4 ,9 oratory we ought n to imitate ! *>act]i/ic qualities ( poets & hi/orians1 & vice v]sa3 ea* k9d ( composition has its own appropriate laws4 ,let u imitate :at is common to eloqu5ce 9 all its manife/ations4 ,we mu/ adapt our /yle to ! topic & occasion3 ev5 diff]5t p>ts ( "o & ! same spee* call = diff]5t treatm5t4 ,& we %\ld n bl9dly foll[ any "o model exclusively4 #bg-bh4 ,imitation mu/ n be conf9$ to words only3 we %\ld /udy also propriety1 arrangem5t1 exordium1 n>rative1 argum5t1 pa?os1 c4 ,! p]fect orator1 :om our age may hope to see1 w be he :o %all unite all ! good qualities ( 8 pr$ecessors & reject all ! bad4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,h[ to ,write4 #a-d4 ,introductory to ! ?ree *apt]s on ,writ+3 *s4 iii4 & iv4 treat+ ( ! mann] ( writ+ 7quomodo71 & *4 v4 ( ! matt] & =m ( writ+ 7quae maxime scribi oporteat #d74 ,! p5 is ! be/ tea*]3 write mu* & c>efully4 ,writ+ is a fundam5tal "p ( ! orator's tra9+4 #e-ah4 ,z to ! mann] ( writ+1 x %\ld at fir/ be delib]ate & sl[1 ) c>eful att5tion alike to subject-matt]1 language1 & ! arrangem5t ( words & phrases4 ,& ! :ole mu/ be subject$ to c>eful revision1 especially if x is writt5 9 a gl[1 z x 71 ( inspiration4 #8,write quickly1 & y w nev] write well2 write well1 & 9 "t y w write quickly4' ,9 ! case ( ! orator x is advisable gradually to accel]ate ! pace3 he w nev] be able to ov]take 8 pr(essional duties unless he gets rid ( ! habit ( c>p+ self-criticism4 ,/ory ( ,iulius ,florus4 ,judgm5t is also necess>y1 z well z practice1 if we are to write naturally & cle>ly 9 any giv5 circum/ances4 ,! #g evil results ( ha/y composition c seldom be undone ev5 by mu* v]bal correction4 ,y\r "w %\ld be done ) s mu* c>e f ! fir/ t x may ne$ only to be fil$ & *isell$1 n reca/4 #ai-bg4 ,condemnation ( ! fa%ionable practice ( dictat+ to an amanu5sis4 ,he :o writes = himself1 no matt] h[ rapidly1 takes "t to ?9k2 b y\r scribe hurries y on1 :ile %ame =bids y to pause4 ,su* compositions reflect nei!r a writ]'s c>e nor a speak]'s animation3 y\r "o idea is to #8keep go+4' ,besides1 an awkw>d scribe w *eck ! curr5t ( y\r ?\ghts4 ,& h[ absurd x is to h him look+ on at ! ge/ures :i* (t5 accompany & /imulate ! process ( cogitation6 ,on ! o!r h&1 :ile sil5ce & solitude are helpful1 rural seclusion & attractive sc5]y _c be said to fav\r conc5tration3 clos$ doors are bett]4 ,night h\rs are ! be/1 b only 9 mod]ation4 #bh-cj4 ,b solitude _c always be secur$3 ^? :o _c comm& x mu/ habituate !mselves to rise sup]ior to e di/raction4 ,!y :o only /udy :5 9 ! hum\r w nev] want an excuse = idl5ess4 ,x is possible to ?9k1 & to prep>e = debate1 9 a cr[d1 on a jury1 & ev5 amid ! noise & confusion ( ! law-c\rts4 #ca-cc4 ,! prop] writ+ mat]ials3 wax-tablets to be pref]r$ to p>*m5t4 ,write on "o side only1 & leave ! o!r = additions & corrections4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,revision4 #a-b4 ,! ?ree p>ts ( revision are addition1 excision1 & alt]ation4 ,x is be/ to lay aside = a "t :at has be5 writt53 an int]val aft] ea* new bir? w furni% ! be/ safegu>d aga9/ excessive p>5tal fondness4 #c-d4 ,b "t is n always at comm&4 ,!re mu/ obvi\sly be "s limit to revision1 especially on ! "p ( ! orator1 :o has to meet ! ne$s ( ! mom5t4 ,n all *anges are improvem5ts3 let ! file poli% ! "w1 in/ead ( rubb+ x all away4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,:at to ,write4 #a-h4 ,! "q n[1 z di/+ui%$ f ! prelim9>y c\rses laid d[n 9 ,books i4 & ii41 is :at =m ( composition we %\ld practise 9 ord] to acquire copi\sness & read9ess4 ,fir/1 translation f ! ,greek3 ?is ex]cise leaves ! writ] free to *oose ! be/ t]ms 9 8 own language4 #h ,second1 reproduction 7or p>aphrase7 ( ,lat9 poets & orators3 "h1 h[ev]1 we (t5 h to borr[ f our models4 ,prose r5d]+s ( ! poets are especially useful = ! =mation ( an elevat$ /yle4 ,& ev5 9 reproduc+ orations1 we are /imulat$ to a k9d ( rivalry ) our au?or1 :i* may result 9 our surpass+ him3 9 any case1 ! difficulty ( compet+ ) ma/]pieces =ces u to /udy !m m9utely4 #i-aa4 ,x w be ( advantage also to put our own ideas into v>i\s =ms ( expression1 & to cultivate ! faculty ( amplify+3 p[] is %[n 9 mak+ mu* ( little4 #aa-af4 ,"h ! writ+ ( !ses 7or discussions ( ab/ract que/ions7 =ms a valuable ex]cise3 also judicial decisions & commonplaces4 ,! writ+ ( declamations1 or s*ool spee*es on fictiti\s cases1 is also to be recomm5d$1 ev5 = ^? :o are already mak+ a "n at ! b>4 ,hi/ory1 dialogue1 & poetry are all valuable by way ( v>iety & recreation3 a _m-sid$ culture is ! be/ safegu>d aga9/ su* intellectual n>r[ness z w\ld o!rwise result f ! daily battles ( ! law-c\rts4 #ag-bj4 ,"y /ud5ts mu/ n be kept too long at ^! prep>atory ex]cises1 le/ by indulg+ ! fancy ov]mu* !y unfit !mselves = practice4 ,aft] a y\? has be5 well s*ool$ 9 inv5tio & elocutio1 & has _h also "s mod]ate am\nt ( practice1 he %\ld atta* himself to "s em95t public speak]1 & accompany him to ! c\rts3 he %\ld write spee*es1 too1 at home on ! causes he has he>d4 ,he has no long] to f5ce ) foils4 #ba-bc4 ,declamations %\ld resemble real spee*es3 ! subject %\ld be treat$ naturally & ?or\ghly4 ,l>ge classes & ! cu/om ( public spee*-days t5d to enc\rage a speci\s %[9ess1 9 :i* only ! mo/ popul> & attractive p>ts ( a subject are dealt )1 & cr[d$ toge!r )\t reg>d to logical connection4 ,"o subject1 ?or\ghly h&l$1 is wor? tw5ty sup]ficially treat$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,m$itation4 #a-d4 ,m$itation occupies ! middle gr\nd betwe5 writ+ & improvisation1 & is p]haps m frequ5tly employ$ ?an ei!r4 ,aft] we h =m$ our /yle by ! con/ant practice ( writ+1 m$itation c be cultivat$ by progressive ex]cise to su* a degree t an entire disc\rse may be prep>$ & arrang$ )\t ! use ( ! p54 #e-g4 ,b ! orator is n to adh]e s scrupul\sly to :at he has ?\ght out z to reject new ideas :i* may fla% ^u him dur+ ! actual deliv]y ( a spee*4 ,m$itation %\ld secure u1 on ! "o h&1 f ev] be+ at a loss3 on ! o!r x ought n to prev5t u f improv+ ! opportunity af=d$ by "s incid5tal occurr5ce4 ,if we are to hesitate1 pa9fully recollect+ :at we h =mulat$ 9 ?\ght1 x 7 bett] to tru/ :olly to improvisation4 #i ,:ile we are at a loss to recall our prep>$ ?\ghts1 we miss o!rs sugge/$ by ! subject itself1 :i* always (f]s a wid] field ?an c possibly be cov]$ by previ\s m$itation4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,extempore ,spee*4 #a-d4 ,! ri*e/ fruit ( /udy is ! ability to speak effectively on ! spur ( ! mom5t3 ?is is 9 fact absolutely indisp5sable4 #8,an advocate :o pr(f]s help1 & fails at ! p9*1 is a h>b\r accessible only 9 calm wea!r4' ,cases may take un=ese5 turns3 l %ip-pilots we mu/ *ange our tack ) ea* %ift+ breeze4 ,unless ! faculty ( improvisation c be atta9$ by practice1 our ye>s ( lab\r w h be5 wa/$4 ,c]ta9 ,practical ,ex]cises conducive to ,success 9 ,extempore ,spee*4 #e-g4 7#a7 ,! /ud5t mu/ arrange 8 matt] 9 appropriate ord]1--n only ! ord] ( ! regul> p>tes or divisions 7i4e4 introduction1 n>rative1 pro(1 refutation1 conclusion71 & ! ord] ( ! pr9cipal po9ts1 b also ! ord] ( ! matt] & ?\ght 9 all its detail1 "u e head & 9 e passage 7quoque loco74 ,! sequ5ce ( ev5ts w be our guide4 ,kn[+ :at to look = at ea* po9t ( our disc\rse1 we %all n be f\nd skipp+ f "o topic to ano!r2 & 9 ! end we %all rea* ! goal4 #g-aj4 7#b7 ,read+1 writ+1 & speak+ mu/ receive unremitt+ att5tion1 & be made ! subjects ( sci5tific ex]cise4 ,! consci5ti\s practice ( writ+ w give ev5 our extempor>y spee*es some?+ ( ! delib]ate "* ( writt5 compositions4 ,x is practice t makes ! ready speak]4 ,a c]ta9 natural quickness ( m9d is necess>y to look beyond :at we are say+ at ! mom5t2 b nei!r nature nor art w enable ! m9d to keep be=e itself at "o "t ! :ole ( a spee*1 ) all its argum5ts1 arrangem5t1 expression1 c4 ,z our tongue advances1 our ?\ghts mu/ /ill out/rip x4 #aa-ad4 7#c7 ,h5ce ! necessity ( a me*anical & unsci5tific habit or #8knack1' su* z t by :i* ! h& moves 9 writ+1 ! eye 9 read+1 & ! juggl] 9 8 leg]dema94 ,b ?is knack1 ?\gh me*anical1 %\ld h a basis ( sci5tific me?od3 o!rwise x w be m]e rant+1 su* z y may he> 9 abundance f female scolds4 ,a sudd5 outbur/ is (t51 h[ev]1 m effective ?an ! result ( /udy & prem$itation4 #ae-ag4 7#d7 ,! extempor>y speak] mu/ cultivate a lively imag9ation1 t 8 m9d may be deeply impress$ by all ! facts ( a p>ticul> case4 ,x is ! he>t t makes ! orator4 ,he mu/ also h di/9ctly 9 view n only ! end at :i* he aims b ! :ole pa?way t leads to x3 he w d]ive incitem5t ev5 f ! pres5ce ( 8 audi5ce4 #aj #ah-bc4 7#e7 ,extempor>y facility c only be atta9$ by ! same gradual & pati5t c\rse z has be5 ref]r$ to 9 connection ) m$itation4 ,! orator is (t5 deb>r$ f prep>ation2 b z a rule he %\ld n presume s f> on 8 ability z n to take a mom5t to glance m5tally at ! heads ( 8 disc\rse1--:i* is g5]ally possible 9 a c\rt ( law4 ,"s declaim]s w argue at once on any topic1 & w ev5 ask = a ^w to beg9 )3 ?is is fooli%ness4 ,if on any occasion we are "u ! necessity ( speak+ (fh&1 we %\ld pay m att5tion to our subject-matt] ?an to our language1 & we may ga9 "t by delib]ate articulation4 ,gradually we %all be able to trim our sails1 & pray = a fav\r+ breeze4 #bd-bi4 ,cont9ual practice is ess5tial = improvisation4 ,we %\ld speak daily be=e an audi5ce ^: good op9ion we respect2 b alone1 r ?an n at all4 ,if we d n speak to o!rs1 we c always at lea/ g ov] our subject-matt] 9 sil5t ?\ght4 ,?is fo/]s exactness 9 composition ev5 m ?an speak+ al\d does2 = !re we hurry onw>d f fe> ( we>y+ ! audi5ce4 ,on ! o!r h& speak+ ex]cises ! voice & gives ! opportunity ( practis+ deliv]y4 ,our language %\ld always be c>eful & correct1 b x is con/ant writ+ t w add mo/ weight to our words1 especially if we are oblig$ to speak mu* extempore4 ,9 fact1 writ+ gives exactness to spee*1 spee* read9ess to writ+4 ,if we _c write1 we c m$itate3 if we c d nei!r1 we mu/ /ill contrive to make a cr$itable appe>ance4 #cj-cc4 ,a common habit ) b>ri/]s 9 l>ge practice is to write ! exordium & mo/ ess5tial p>ts1 =mulate ! re/ 9 ?\ght1 & meet any un=ese5 turns z !y arise4 ,! note-books ( ,cic]o & ,s]vius ,sulpicius4 ,x is advisable to refre% "o's memory by consult+ notes4 ,to prep>e an ab/ract1 arrang$ by heads1 ( a spee* :i* we h writt5 out entire1 leads u to rely too little on ! memory1 & makes ! spee* brok5 & awkw>d 9 deliv]y4 ,we ought n to write a spee* out at l5g? unless we int5d to commit x to memory4 ,b ( memory m 9 ! foll[+ book 7,,xi4 *4 ii474 #aa ,m4 ,,fabi ,,qu9tiliani ,,in/itutionis ,,oratoriae ,,lib] ,,decimus ,,*apt] ,i4 ,h[ to acquire a comm& ( ,diction4 ,de copia v]borum4 ,i3#a ,i4 ,s$ haec eloqu5di praecepta1 sicut cognitioni sunt necess>ia1 ita non satis ad vim dic5di val5t1 nisi illis firma #ab qua$am facilitas1 quae apud ,graecos nom9atur2 access]it2 ad quam scrib5do plus an leg5do an dic5do conf]atur1 sol]e qua]i scio4 ,quod esset dilig5tius nobis exam9&um1 si qualibet e>um r]um possemus una esse cont5ti3 #a4 haec eloqu5di praecepta4 ,! ref]5ce is g5]ally to ! !oretical "p ( ! "w1 :i* has j be5 complet$1 b specially to ! two books imm$iately prec$+1 9 :i* ,qu9tilian deals ) elocutio 71 #8/yle'74 ,9 ,books ,,iii-,,vii he has treat$ ( inv5tio 7includ+ dispositio72 & ! transition to ,books ,,viii & ,,ix is m>k$ 9 ! words #8a dispositione ad elocutionis praecepta labor' vii4 #ag ad f94 ,he passes n[ to ! ex]cises necess>y = practice3 quo g5]e ex]citationis ad c]tam9a praep>&us sit 7sc4 orator7 7#d47 sicut 444 ita 444 4 ,s quemadmodum 444 sic #e #ag3 cp4 #ad bel[4 ,m commonly ut 444 ita3 #d1 #ae1 #fb1 #gb1 #gd3 #c #bh1 #ca4 ,frequ5t 9 ,livy3 e4g4 xxi4 #ce1 #aj pl]aque ,alpium ab ,italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt3 cp4 #ci1 #g4 cognitioni3 s mo/ edd4 except ,halm & ,hild 7see ,crit4 ,notes74 ,! ^w d5otes #8!oretical k1' & is set ov] aga9/ vis dic5di3 = a simil> opposition betwe5 !ory & practice 7sci5tia 444 ex]citatio7 see ,tac4 ,dial4 #cc4 ,! read+ may be support$ by a ref]5ce to qui sciet #b1 qui 444 sciet 444 p]cep]it #d4 ,cp4 viii4 pr4 #a ,quam 7rationem inv5i5di et inv5ta dispon5di7 ut 444 p5itus cognosc]e ad summam sci5tiae necess>ium e/ ita1 c43 ib4 #bh1 qui rationem loqu5di primum cognov]it 444 de9de haec omnia ex]citatione plurima robor>it4 ,9 ii4 #ah1 #a cognitio is us$ to di/+ui% f & 4 ,cp4 too iii4 #a1 #c ut 444 adlic]emus 444 iuv5tutem ad cognitionem eorum quae necess>ia /udiis arbitrabamur4--,! read+ cogitatio w\ld h to be und]/ood 9 a wid] s5se ?an x has 9 *4 #f1 or 9 #c #ai3 ,hild takes x ( #8t\te la prp>ation oratoire qui prcde le disc\rs proprem5t dit4' vim dic5di3 #8true eloqu5ce1' z 9 #h vim or&i1 #b #af vim dic5di atque inv5tionis non adsequuntur3 #f #b vim cogit&i3 xii4 #a1 #cc vis ac facultas dic5di expugnat ipsam v]itatem4 ,cp4 viii4 pr4 #cj praep>ata dic5di vis3 xii4 #aj1 #fd4 ,bonn4 ,lex41 p4 #bcc4--,! vis ( a ?+ is its ess5ce1 t :i* makes x :at x is3 ,cic4 de ,am4 #ae id 9 quo e/ omnis vis amicitiae4 ,s ) ! g5itive ( a g]und x gives ! idea conta9$ 9 ! inf9itive :5 us$ z a n\n3 cp4 de ,f94 v4 #gf p]cipi5di vis 7i4e4 7 ita def9itur a ,/oicis3 ibid4 ii4 #ag ,z5onis e/ 444 hoc ,/oici3 omnem vim loqu5di 7 7 9 duas tributam esse p>tes4 ,see ,ngelsba*1 ,lat4 ,/il41 7#h? ed47 p4 #de3 & cp4 ratio colloc&i #c #e1 pronunti&i ratio #a #ag3 ratio del5di #c #ca4 non satis 444 val5t1 nisi1 c4 ,= ! necessity ( practice 9 addition to !ory cp4 #e #ai3 also i4 pr4 #ah1 #bc1 #bg3 ii4 #ac1 #ae3 vii4 #aj1 #ad-ae3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #aji-aaj3 ,dion4 ,hal4 de ,comp4 ,v]b4 #bf ad f94 444 4 firma qua$am facilitas1 a #8sure read9ess'3 cp4 #dd qui confirm>e facultatem #ab dic5di vol5t3 #ei dum adsequimur illam firmam1 ut dixi1 facilitatem3 #b #ab3 #g #ah sq43 xii1 #i1 #ba vires facilitatis4 3 #ei & #e #a4 ,pl9y1 ,ep4 ii4 #c1 #d 7( ,isaeus7 ad tantam /udio et ex]citatione p]v5it4 ,see ,s*f] on ,dion4 de ,comp4 i4 p4 #g4--;,9 ! sph]e ( morals ! is ! fix$ t5d5cy t results f repeat$ acts3 ,e?4 ,nic4 ii4 #a1 #aajc;a1 #ca4--,pr(4 ,mayor comp>es ,cic]o's use ( habitus con/ans1 de ,inv4 i4 #cf3 ii4 #cj4 scrib5do 444 leg5do 444 dic5do3 i4 pr4 #bg haec ipsa 7natural gifts7 s9e doctore p]ito1 /udio p]t9aci1 scrib5di1 leg5di1 dic5di multa et cont9ua ex]citatione p] se nihil prosunt4 ,s #b eloqu5tia 444 /ilo 444 lectionis4 ,read+ is cov]$ by *s4 i ii3 *s4 iii-v treat ( writ+2 & *4 vii4 ( extempor>y declamation4 conf]atur3 frequ5t 9 ?is s5se 9 ,qu9t4 7cp4 73 7#a7 ) ad1 z "h1 i4 #h1 #g3 ii4 #ai1 #a3 vii4 #a1 #da3 xii4 #a1 #a & passim3 7#b7 ) 91 #g #bf3 7#c7 ) dat41 #bg1 #fc1 #ga1 #ie3 i4 #a1 #f1 c4 ,bonn4 ,lex41 p4 #aee4 sol]e qua]i 773 ! subject is treat$1 e4g41 by ,crassus 9 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 *s4 #cc-cd4 ,= qua]i cp4 i4 #d1 #bf3 ib4 #ab #a 7qua]i solet73 x4 #e1 #ac4 qualibet 444 una3 v4 #aj1 #aag1 quamdiu quilibet unus sup]fu]it4 ,9 rev]se ord] i4 #ab1 #g una res quaelibet3 xii4 #a1 #dd unum ex iis quodlibet4 ,! collocation does n occur 9 ,cic]o4 ,i3#b v]um ita sunt int] se conexa et indiscreta omnia ut1 si quid ex 8 defu]it1 fru/ra sit 9 cet]is laboratum4 ,nam neque solida atque robu/a fu]it umquam eloqu5tia nisi multo /ilo vires accep]it1 et citra lectionis exemplum labor ille c>5s rectore fluitabit2 et qui sciet quae quoque s9t modo dic5da1 #ac nisi tam5 9 proc9ctu p>atamque ad omnes casus habu]it eloqu5tiam1 velut clausis !sauris incubabit4 #b4 conexa et indiscreta4 ,et is int5sive3 #8s closely1 nay1 insep>ably connect$4' ,s i4 #b1 #c3 iuncta i/a atque indiscreta sunt4 ,indiscretus 9 ?is s5se occurs ,tac4 ,hi/4 iv4 #eb & (t5 9 ,pl9y3 n 9 ,cic]o4 ,= ! use ( ! p]f4 "p4 pass4 in/ead ( a v]bal adj41 cp4 ,sall4 ,iug4 #dc1 #e invictus3 ib4 #b #c incorruptus3 #gf #a infectum3 ,livy ii4 #a1 #d inviolatum3 ib4 #ee #c contemptius 7#8m contemptible'74 ,s intactus1 inaccessus1 c4 neque 444 et 444 1 z #c #bc3 #d #c3 #e #bb4 solida 444 robu/a 444 vires4 ,hild notes t ! figure is tak5 f a liv+ organism :i* ga!rs /r5g? f ! n\ri%m5t suppli$ to x3 cp4 #ai1 #ca1 c4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ba3 oratio autem sicut corpus hom9is ea demum pul*ra e/ 9 qua non em95t v5ae nec ossa num]antur1 s$ temp]atus ac bonus sanguis implet membra et exsurgit toris ipsosque n]vos rubor tegit et decor comm5dat3 cp4 #bc4 multo /ilo3 #8by mu* practice 9 writ+4' ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #aej ,/ilus optimus et prae/antissimus dic5di effector ac magi/] 7:]e see ,wilk9s' note74 ,qu9tilian returns to ?is subject bel[ #c #a sq43 cp4 #f #a & #c3 #g #d & #g4 citra lectionis exemplum3 #8)\t ! models :i* read+ supplies4' ,citra is common 9 ?is s5se 7= s9e1 sometimes praet]7 9 ,qu9t4 7,bonn4 ,lex4 p4 #abg7 & o!r po/-,aug4 writ]s4 ,s #g #g citra divisionem3 xii4 #f1 #d plusque1 si sep>es1 usus s9e doctr9a quam citra usum doctr9a valet4 ,cp4 ,ov4 ,tri/4 v4 #h1 #bc peccavi citra scelus 7#8%ort ('73 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #d citra dolorem tam54 labor ille1 sc4 scrib5di4 fluitabit1 l a vessel drift+ ab\t )\t a pilot 7c>5s rectore74 ,! writ+ w want me?od1 & ! def9it5ess ( aim :i* models w\ld impose4 ,s vii4 pr4 #b sic oratio c>5s hac virtute 7sc4 ord9e7 tumultuetur necesse e/ et s9e rectore fluitet nec coha]eat sibi1 multa repetat1 multa transeat1 velut nocte 9 ignotis locis errans1 nec initio nec f9e proposito casum potius quam consilium sequatur3 cp4 xii4 #b #bj4 quae quoque s9t modo4 ,?is is ! #ac read+ ( ! olde/ ,,mss4 7see ,crit4 ,notes71 & 0 adopt$ by ,halm3 cp4 #h quod quoque loco sit aptissimum3 #g #e quid quoque loco primum sit1 & #f quid quoque loco qua]ant4 ,s iv4 #b1 #cc quid quoque loco prosit4 ,quae cov]s inv5tio3 :ile quoque modo may be tak5 ( ! exhau/ive discussion ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( elocutio :i* has j be5 conclud$4--,mei/] has return$ to ,spald+'s quo quaeque s9t modo1 probably f a d\bt :e!r ,halm 7foll[$ by ,mayor7 is "r 9 expla9+ quae quoque z quae et quomodo1 #8:at is to be said & h['2 #8copulae enim que 9 coniunctione talium membrorum relativorum int] se discretorum non aptus e/ locus1' ,osann1 i4 p4 #ad4 ,b quoque may v well be ! abl4 ( quisque1 ?\gh ,cic]o seems to avoid su* a collocation1 unless !re is a prep4 to make ! con/ruction cle>3 e4g4 pro ,sulla #gc quae ex quoque ord9e multitudo3 pro ,domo #cc qui de quaque re con/ituti iudices s9t3 ,h>4 ,resp4 #bd quae de quoque deo 444 tradita sunt4 ,cp4 9 ,cat4 iii4 #aj tabellas quae a quoque dicebantur datae4 ,ev5 9 ! exactly p>allel passage ,sall4 ,cat4 #bc1 #d quae quoque modo audi]at 444 n>ravit 7:]e ,momms5 sugge/s quoquo71 x is possible to und]/& quoque ( ! v>i\s me?ods ,fulvia _h employ$ to get in=mation f ,curius4 ,s quid ubique1 ib4 #ba1 #a4 tam53 see ,crit4 ,notes4 9 proc9ctu3 #8ready = battle4' ,s xii4 #i1 #ba quem armatum semp] ac velut 9 proc9ctu /antem non magis umquam 9 causis oratio quam 9 rebus cotidianis ac dome/icis s]mo deficiet4 ,simil>ly 9 #g #bd promptum hoc et 9 exp$ito positum4 ,examples ( ! prop] use ( ! phrase occur ,tac4 ,hi/4 iii4 #b3 ,ovid ,pont4 i4 #h1 #aj3 ,gell4 i4 #aa3 ,pl94 ,nat4 ,hi/4 vi4 #bb4 ,qu9tilian expresses a simil> idea by ano!r ( 8 milit>y metaphors1 viii pr4 #ae3 eloqui enim hoc e/ omnia quae m5te concep]is prom]e atque ad audi5tes p]f]re2 s9e quo sup]vacua sunt priora et similia gladio condito atque intra vag9am suam ha]5ti3 cp4 vi4 #d1 #h4 ,= ! explanation ( ! phrase proc+o1 #8,i gird up' see ,mayor's note on ,cic4 de ,n4 ,d4 ii4 #c #i3 89 proc9ctu is us$ ( an army 9 read9ess = battle1 ,milton's #8w> 9 proc9ct' 7,p4 ,l4 vi4 #ai73 cp4 ,fe/us1 pp4 #dc & #bbe proc9cta classis dicebatur cum ex]citus c9ctus erat ,gab9o c9ctu confe/im pugnaturus4 ,vetu/ius enim fuit multitud9em hom9um1 quam navium1 classem appell>i1 also p4 #bdi proc9cta toga ,romani olim ad pugnam ire soliti4 ,! c9ctus ,gab9us 0 a p>ticul> way ( we>+ ! toga1 s z to use "p ( x z a girdle1 ty+ x 9 a knot 9 front4 ,s]vius 7,a54 vii4 #fab7 says ! anci5t ,lat9s1 be=e !y 7 acqua9t$ ) ! use ( def5sive arm\r1 praec9ctis togis bellabant1 unde etiam milites 9 proc9ctu esse dicuntur40 ,= ! figurative use cp4 ,s54 de ,b5ef4 i4 #a1 #d sev]itatem abditam clem5tiam 9 proc9ctu habeo3 ,qu9t4 ,decl4 #c1 #a neque 9 militiam gravissimo asp]rimoque bello ita v5it1 ut nesciret sibi mortem 9 proc9ctu hab5dam4 p>atam3 #e #ab3 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 vi4 #ba1 #a ad omnem ev5tum p>atus sum4 velut cl4 !s4 incubabit4 ,unless he adds practice to 8 !oretical k1 all he kn[s w be z useless z a mis]'s ho>d4 ,! phrase is a rem9isc5ce ( ,v]g4 ,georg4 ii4 #ejg condit opes alius1 defossoque incubat auro3 cp4 ,a54 vi4 #faj aut qui divitiis soli incubu]e rep]tis4 ,m>tial1 xii4 #ec1 #c-d l>giris nihil incubasque gazae1 ut magnus draco4 ,mayor quotes ,ecclus4 #bj1 #cj ,wisdom t is hid1 & treasure t is ho>d$ up1 :at pr(it is 9 !m bo?8 ,i3#c ,non autem #ad ut quidquid praecipue necess>ium e/1 sic ad effici5dum oratorem maximi prot9us erit mom5ti4 ,nam c]te1 cum sit 9 eloqu5do positum oratoris (ficium1 dic]e ante omnia e/1 atque h9c initium eius artis fuisse manife/um e/3 proximum de9de imitatio1 novissimum scrib5di quoque dilig5tia4 #c4 ,! argum5t "h requires elucidation4 ,qu9t4 has said 7#a1 #b7 t = ! firma facilitas or :i* mu/ be sup]add$ to !ory1 writ+1 read+ & speak+ are all ess5tial4 ,he n[ goes on to /ate t x does n foll[ t :at is !oretically mo/ indisp5sable 7cp4 cognitioni necess>ia #a above7 is = ! practical tra9+ ( ! orator ( greate/ consequ5ce4 ,! mo/ ess5tial elem5t is ( c\rse t ( spee* 7dic]e7--foll[$ by imitation & writ+4 ,b p]fection ( spee* c only be atta9$1 l o!r =ms ( p]fection1 by />t+ f fir/ beg9n+s 7pr9cipia71 :i* become relatively unimportant 7m9ima7 z ?+s progress4 ,?is is n h[ev] ! place = deal+ ) ! me?ods ( prelim9>y tra9+ 9 rhetoric3 our /ud5t has done 8 !ory1 & we mu/ n[ %[ him h[ to apply x to practice4 ,cp4 ,analysis1 p4 #a4 #ad ut quidquid4 ,prop]ly quisquis is an indef9ite relative3 9 ?is usage x has ! same =ce z quisque 7,roby1 #bbhc1 #bbhe74 ,x may h be5 an ar*aism :i* became colloquial4 ,madvig 7on de ,f94 v4 #bd7 %[s t und\bt$ in/ances occur 9 ,plautus1 ,t]5ce1 ,cato 7de ,r4 ,r4 #eg3 uti quidquid op]is faci5t71 ,lucretius 7) :om x is especially common3 e4g4 ruit qua quidquid fluctibus ob/at1 i4 #bhi1 :]e see ,munro71 ,cic]o 7,tusc4 v4 #ih71 & 9 ! ,agr>ian ,law 7utei quicquid quoieique ante h4 l4 r4 licuit1 ita c4 ,momms5 ,c4,i4,l4 #a n4 #bjj v4 #bg74 ,cp4 vii4 #b1 #ce4 ,s too ,corn4 ad4 ,h]5n4 ii4 #dg1 :]e ! ,,mss4 almo/ )\t exception give quidquid 7quicquid7 = quicque4 ,= ! spell+ "h1 cp4 i4 #g1 #f frigidiora 8 alia1 ut #8quidquid' c qu>tam hab]et1 ne int]rog>e bis vid]emur4 ad effici5dum oratorem3 i4 #aj1 #b4 prot9us1 ( logical consequ5ce1 z frequ5tly cont9uo 9 ,cic]o3 g5]ally ) a negative1 or a "q imply+ a negative answ]4 ,= ! =m ( ! s5t5ce cp4 viii4 #b1 #d non tam5 quidquid non erit proprium prot9us et improprii vitio laborabit3 & #db bel[1 s$ non quidquid ad aliquam p>tem sci5tiae p]t9et prot9us ad faci5dam 444 accommodatum4 ,s #c #bb 7#e & #ah are diff]5t73 ii4 #ba1 #aj3 v4 #aj1 #ajb & #aai3 vii4 #d1 #ch4 nam c]te4 ,?is leads up to ! next s5t5ce1 beg9n+ s$ ut4 9 eloqu5do3 cp4 viii4 pr4 #ae 7quot$ on 9 proc9ctu1 #b above73 ,cic4 ,or4 #fa s$ iam illius p]fecti oratoris et summae eloqu5tiae species exprim5da e/2 quem hoc uno 7sc4 9 eloqu5do7 excell]e cet]a 9 eo lat]e indicat nom5 ipsum4 ,non enim inv5tor aut compositor aut actor qui haec complexus e/ omnia1 s$ et ,graece ab eloqu5do et ,lat9e eloqu5s dictus e/4 ,cet]>um enim r]um quae sunt 9 oratore p>tem aliquam sibi quisque v9dicat2 dic5di autem1 id e/ eloqu5di1 maxima vis soli huic conc$itur4 ,cp4 de ,orat4 ii4 #ch4 ante omnia e/4 ,be*] v9dicates ! traditional read+ by comp>+ ii4 #ae1 #ab atqui non multum ab hoc f9e abe/ ,apollodorus dic5s iudicialis orationis primum et sup] omnia esse p]suad]e iudici et s5t5tiam eius duc]e 9 id quod velit4 ,s too iii4 #h1 #ef an pro ,caes>e fu]it occidi ,pompeium8--,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,= ante omnia cp4 ,introd4 p4 lii4 h9c 444 fuisse3 cp4 viii4 #b1 #g proprie tam5 unde initium e/3 vi4 pr4 #aj ut prorsus posset h9c esse tanti fulm9is metus4 proximum3 cp4 i4 #c1 #a proximum imitatio4 ,z is evid5t f *4 ii1 imitatio "h includes n lectio only b auditio z well3 #h optima leg5do atque audi5do4 ,x 0 9 ?is s5se t ,dion4 ,hal4 entitl$ 8 "w 3 see ,us5]1 ,praef4 pp4 #a-d3 & cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #ad sq4 & #adi sq4 ,i3#d ,s$ ut p]v5iri ad summa nisi ex pr9cipiis non pote/1 ita proc$5te iam op]e m9ima incipiunt esse quae prima sunt4 ,v]um nos non quo modo sit in/itu5dus orator hoc loco dicimus1 #ae 7nam id quidem aut satis aut c]te uti potuimus dictum e/71 s$ a?leta1 qui omnes iam p]didic]it a praeceptore num]os1 quo g5]e ex]citationis ad c]tam9a praep>&us sit4 ,igitur eum qui res inv5ire et dispon]e sciet1 v]ba quoque et elig5di et colloc&i rationem p]cep]it1 in/ruamus qua ratione quod didic]it fac]e quam optime1 quam facillime possit4 #d4 s$ ut p]v5iri1 c4 #g #ah4 ,cp4 i4 pr4 #d-e contemn5tes tamquam p>va quae prius discimus /udia 444 ego cum exi/imem nihil arti oratoriae ali5um s9e quo fi]i non posse oratorem fat5dum e/1 nec ad ullius rei summam nisi praec$5tibus initiis p]v5iri ad m9ora illa 444 demitt]e me non recusabo4 proc$5te iam op]e3 "h ( ! progress ( ! orator's tra9+4 m9ima 9 importance3 prima 9 po9t ( "t4 ,krg] says t dic]e alone is meant1 be+ ! initium artis above2 b x seems bett] to und]/& ,qu9t4 to be indicat+ "h t ! ord] ( importance does n correspond ) ! ord] ( developm5t z /at$ above1 viz4 7#a7 ! faculty ( spee*1 7#b7 read+ 7includ$ "u imitatio7 & 7#c7 writ+4 ,^! are to be tak5 fir/ z ! subsidi>y beg9n+s 7pr9cipia7 f :i* we atta9 to ! ultimate object3 b z ?+s progress !y w become relatively unimportant 7m9ima71 & _! #ae place w be tak5 by sy/ematic tra9+ 9 speak+ or declamation1 an ex]cise :i* is always ess5tial to success & c !re=e nev] be left (f 7#g #bd74 aut 444 aut 9 ! s5se ( si m9us satis1 at c]te uti potuimus3 cp4 xii4 #aa1 #ba4 a?leta3 a metaphor abruptly introduc$3 cp4 #cc3 #c #g3 #d #d3 #g #a & #bc4 ,! orator is (t5 comp>$ to an a?lete1 gladiator1 soldi]1 c43 see on #cc non a?let>um toris s$ militum lac]tis1 & ,introd4 p4 lvi4 ,cp4 #bi1 #ca1 #gi3 #c #c3 #e #ae1 #ag4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #gc ut qui pila ludunt 444 sic 9 orationibus3 iii4 #hc3 ,or4 #ad1 #db1 #bbh-i4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cd f]ro non rudibus dimicantes3 cp4 end ( #cg4 num]os3 "h ( rhy?mical movem5ts1 #8movem5ts accord+ to rule1 8passes0 9 f5c+1 8?r[s0 9 wre/l+1' c4--,mayor4 ,! use ( ! ^w 9 ?is s5se is probably f\nd$ on ! analogy betwe5 rhy?m 7= :i* see ix4 #d1 #de7 & graceful motion3 ix4 #d1 #h 9 omni palae/ra quid satis recte cavetur ac petitur cui non artifex motus et c]ti quidam p$es ads9t8 ,cp4 xii4 #b1 #ab3 ut palae/rici doctores illos quos num]os vocant non idcirco disc5tibus tradunt1 ut iis omnibus ii qui didic]9t 9 ipso luct&i c]tam9e utantur 444 s$ ut subsit copia illa ex qua unum aut alt]um cuius se occasio d$]it efficiant3 ii4 #h1 #ac sicut ille 444 ex]c5di corpora p]itus non 444 nexus modo atque 9 iis c]tos aliquos docebit1 s$ omnia quae sunt eius c]tam9is4 ,s54 de ,b5ef4 vii4 #a #d magnus luctator e/ non qui omnes num]os nexusque p]didicit4 ,s ,iuv4 vi4 #bdi ( ! lady 9 ! ar5a1 omnes implet num]os3 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cb p] omnes eloqu5tiae num]os isse4 ,t ?is use is bas$ on ! notion ( rhy?m may be se5 f a comp>ison ( ^! exx4 ) ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #b1 #add v]ae num]osque modosque edisc]e vitae4 ,= ! wid] mean+ ( num]i1 9 :i* x is us$ ( t :i* is complete & p]fect 9 all its p>ts1 v4 on #gj4 igitur4 ,z to :e!r ! position ( igitur at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce is to be consid]$ an in/ance ( transmutatio 7l #8quoque ego1' #8enim hoc voluit'7 ,qu9tilian says 7i4 #e1 #ci7 !re is a d\bt3 #8quia maximos auctores 9 div]sa fuisse op9ione video1 cum apud alios sit etiam frequ5s1 apud alios numquam rep]iatur4' ,num]\s in/ances f 8 own "w are giv5 9 ,bonn4 ,lex41 p4 #cid4 ,9 ,tacitus1 igitur always /&s fir/ except 9 ! foll[+ passages3 ,dial4 #h1 #bi3 #aj1 #cg3 #bj1 #ba3 ,agr4 #af1 #ab3 ,g]m4 #de1 #bb3 ,hi/4 iv4 #ae1 #ae3 ,ann4 i4 #dg1 #e 7,g]b] & ,greef74 ,9 ,cic]o x is v r>ely f\nd fir/3 de ,leg4 ,agr4 ii4 #gb3 pro ,milone #dh3 ,phil4 ii4 #id3 de ,f94 i4 #fa3 de ,nat4 ,deor4 i4 #hj4 res inv5ire4 ,= ! five p>ts ( oratory 7:i* are q di/9ct f ! five p>ts ( an oration7 cp4 #g #i3 iii4 #c1 #a & #g4 ,!y are inv5tio 7treat$ ( 9 ,books iii4-vi471 dispositio 7vii471 elocutio 7viii4-ix471 memoria1 actio or pronuntiatio 7xi474 ,cic]o has sub/antially ! same division de ,orat4 ii4 #gi1 qu9que faciunt quasi membra eloqu5tiae1 inv5ire quod dicas1 inv5ta dispon]e1 de9de orn>e v]bis1 po/ memoriae m&>e1 tum ad extremum ag]e ac pronunti>e3 cp4 i4 #adb3 & = inv5tio1 de ,inv4 i4 #i1 inv5tio e/ excogitatio r]um v]>um aut v]i similium quae causam probabilem r$dant4--,= ! anti!sis betwe5 res & v]ba1 cp4 #e & #f3 also #fa3 #b #bg3 #c #e1 #i3 #f #b3 #g #i1 #bb4 sciet4 ,bonnell calls att5tion to ! use ( ! fut4 9 dep5d5t relative s5t5ces z common 9 manuals ( in/ruction3 #e1 #aj1 #ac1 #ag1 #bb1 #be1 #cc1 #aab1 c4 ,in/ruamus is virtually future4 elig5di #f3 cp4 dilectus #c #e4 colloc&i3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #cjg ordo collocatioque r]um ac locorum3 cp4 ,or4 #ej3 ,brut4 #aci4 ,= bo? cp4 ,brut4 #adj 9 v]bis et elig5dis 444 et colloc&is3 de ,"p4 ,or4 i4 #c4 ,bo? are p>ts ( elocutio1 = :i* see viii4 #a1 #a4 ,= ratio ) g]und cp4 #ag1 #ed3 #b #a3 #c #e1 #ca3 & see note on #b #c4 qua ratione4 ,! recurr5ce ( ratione s soon aft] rationem ne$ create no difficulty 9 ,qu9tilian3 = simil> in/ances ( neglig5ce see on #b #bc4 ,= #af ,kid]l9's treatm5t ( ! :ole passage1 see ,crit4 ,notes4 optime 444 facillime1 xii4 #aj1 #gg neque v]o omnia i/a de quibus locuti sumus orator optime tantum s$ etiam facillime faciet4 #af ,i3#e ,non ergo dubium e/ qu9 ei velut opes s9t qua$am p>&ae1 quibus uti1 ubicumque desid]atum erit1 possit3 eae con/ant copia r]um ac v]borum4 #e4 velut 444 qua$am4 ,s #ah1 #fa3 #c #c3 #e #ag3 #g #a1 & frequ5tly else:]e3 e4g4 xii4 #aj1 #ai velut sata qua$am3 iii4 #h1 #bi veluti quoddam templum4 ,cic]o g5]ally uses quasi or tanquam quidam4 ,inde$ ,qu9tilian seems to h a g5]al pref]5ce = velut ov] quasi or tanquam 9 introduc+ similes3 cp4 #g #f ducetur ante omnia r]um ipsa s]ie velut duce3 viii4 #e1 #bi inaequalia tantum et velut confragosa3 see ,bonn4 ,lex41 s4v4 ubicumque1 s #aj bel[4 ,= a less classical use 7z an indef9ite7 see #g #bh quidquid loquemur ubicumque4 ,i3#f ,s$ res propriae sunt cuiusque causae aut paucis communes1 v]ba 9 univ]sas p>&a2 quae si rebus s+ulis ess5t s+ula1 m9orem curam po/ul>5t1 nam cuncta sese cum ipsis prot9us rebus (f]r5t4 ,s$ cum s9t aliis alia aut magis propria aut magis ornata aut plus effici5tia #ag aut melius sonantia1 deb5t esse non solum nota omnia1 s$ 9 promptu atque1 ut ita dicam1 9 conspectu1 ut1 cum se iudicio dic5tis o/5d]9t1 facilis ex 8 optimorum sit electio4 #f4 s$ res 444 p>&a3 an example ( ! con/ruction s common 9 ,greek & ,lat91 by :i* two contra/$ clauses are co-ord9at$4 ,9 ,engli% we subord9ate ! "o to ! o!r by us+ #8:ile1' #8:]eas1' or "s su* ^w4 ,9 ,greek ! use ( makes ! anti!sis pla9]4--,"h res 3 v]ba 4 paucis communes4 ,= ! loci communes1 appropriate to sev]al causae1 v4 ,cic4 de ,inv4 ii4 #dh argum5ta quae transf]ri 9 multas causas possunt1 & comp>e ! ,topica4 cum ipsis prot9us rebus4 ,= ! ord] ( words cp4 #cc hi/orico nonnumquam nitore4 ,h]b/ gives ! foll[+ exx4 ( an adv4 ins]t$ betwe5 ! adj4 & ! n\n3 #ch1 #da1 #ajd1 #aaf1 #abj3 #b #g1 #h3 #c #b1 #ca3 #e #g3 #g #c1 #bh4--;,= ! ?\ght1 cp4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #caa v]baque provisam rem non invita sequ5tur3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #adf ea 7sc4 res et s5t5tiae7 vi sua v]ba p>i5t3 iii4 #abe r]um enim copia v]borum copiam gignit4 ,no d\bt ,qu9tilian 9 8 tea*+ also gave due prom95ce to ,cato's gold5 rule1 #8rem t5e v]ba sequ5tur4' propria4 ,! g5]al mean+ "u :i* all uses ( proprius & its cognates may be includ$ is t 9 :i* x contra/s ) all dep>tures f & innovations on ord9>y language4 ,sometimes x may mean no?+ m ?an #8suitable1' #8appropriate1' 9 :i* s5se proprie occurs imm$iately bel[1 9 #i3 cp4 opportune proprieque #b #ac1 & proprie et copiose 7dic]e7 i4 #d1 #e4 ,?is is ! mean+ ) :i* x is appli$ to ! language ( ,simonides #fd bel[1--#8natural'2 cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #aed1 :]e v]ba propria occurs alongside ( ornatissima & corresponds ) idonea1 introduc$ %ortly aft]w>ds3 cp4 id4 iii4 #ca1 :]e propria is re9=c$ by apta1 & ib4 #di proprie demon/rantibus 7v]bis7 ea quae signific>i ac decl>>i volemus4 ,! use ( proprietas 9 #df & #aba bel[ may be comp>$ ) ?is3 cp4 also ! fir/ ( ! mean+s assign$ to ! ^w 9 ! important passage viii4 #b1 #a-aa3 also ix4 #b1 #ah & xii4 #b1 #ai4 ,! translators "h r5d] by #8suitable' or #8significant1' b ! juxtaposition ( ornata seems r to po9t to ! use 9 :i* v]ba propria are ! anti!sis ( translata1--direct1 lit]al1 & natural1 z oppos$ to figurative3 i4 #e1 #ga propria sunt v]ba cum id significant 9 quod primo d5om9ata sunt3 translata1 cum alium natura intellectum1 alium loco praeb5t4 ,cp4 i4 #e1 #c3 viii4 #c1 #bd3 #f1 #e1 & #dh 7:]e propria 444 ornata 9 ! passage above may well be illu/rat$ by ! words species ex arcessitis v]bis v5it et intellectus ex propriis73 ix4 #a1 #d4 ,?is is und\bt$ly ! mean+ 9 :i* proprius is us$ 9 #bi bel[3 also 9 #e #h alia translatis virtus alia propriis4 ,! ne>e/ equival5t 9 ,greek w\ld be 1 r ?an 1 :i* correspond to #8usitata v]ba' 9 ,qu9t1 7i4 #e1 #ga1 & v4 #ad1 #cc v]bis quam maxime propriis et ex usu71--?\gh he may h _h 9 m9d "h1 z ,mayor sugge/s1 1 ,ari/4 ,rhet4 iii4 #b1 p4 #adje b1 #aa4 7,= ! di/9ction betwe5 & see ,cope on ,ar4 ,rhet4 iii4 #b #ag #b & #f1 & ,introd4 p4 #bhb note74 ,_m p>allels might be cit$ f ,cic]o3 e4g4 de ,or4 iii4 #adi 7v]bis eis7 quae propria sunt et c]ta quasi vocabula r]um1 pa5e una nata cum rebus ipsis3 cp4 ib4 #aej3 ,brutus #bgd3 ,or4 #hj4 ornata3 cp4 viii4 #c1 #ae quamquam enim rectissime traditum e/ p]spicuitatem propriis1 ornatum translatis v]bis magis eg]e1 sciamus nihil ornatum esse quod sit improprium3 ib4 pr4 #bf ut propria s9t 7v]ba7 et dilucida et ornata et apte colloc5tur1 & #ca3 ii4 #e1 #i quod v]bum proprium1 ornatum1 sublime3 & especially viii4 #a1 #a 9 s+ulis 7v]bis7 intu5dum e/ ut s9t ,lat9a1 p]spicua1 ornata1 ad id quod effic]e volumus accommodata4 plus effici5tia1 #8m significant'3 ix4 #d1 #abc membrum autem e/ s5sus 444 p] se nihil effici5s4 ,! adj4 efficax occurs only once 9 ,qu9t4 7vi4 #a1 #da74 melius sonantia4 ,s vocaliora viii4 #c1 #af sq43 cp4 i4 #e1 #d sola e/ quae not>i possit vocalitas1 quae dicitur3 cuius 9 eo dilectus e/ ut int] duo quae idem significant ac tantundem val5t quod melius sonet malis4 ,cic4 de ,or4 iii4 #aej lectis atque illu/ribus 7v]bis7 utatur1 9 quibus pl5um quiddam et sonans inesse videatur3 ,or4 #afc v]ba 444 leg5da sunt potissimum b5e sonantia3 #adi1 & #hj 7v]bum7 quod aut optime sonat aut rem maxime explanat 7 plus effic473 ,"p4 ,or4 #ag alia 7v]ba7 sonantiora1 gr&iora1 leviora3 & #ec gravia1 pl5a1 sonantia v]ba4 non solum 444 s$ 7 444 71 a =mula us$ :]e ! second clause is /rong] ?an or includes & compreh5ds ! fir/4 ,cp4 #h bel[3 #df 7nec modo s$73 #g #h 7non modo s$73 #c #bj 7non tantum s$73 #e #e 7neque tantum s$73 #g #af 7non tantum s$74 ,( ! num]\s exx4 9 ,cic]o's spee*es 7,m]guet1 pp4 #cfa-b7 none are exceptions to ! rule ?us /at$1--n ev5 ! seem+ anticlimax ( pro ,se/4 #de iecissem me potius 9 pr(undum ut cet]os cons]v>em quam illos mei tam cupidos non modo ad c]tam mortem s$ 9 magnum vitae discrim5 adduc]em3 "h s$ /ill introduces ! /rong] clause1 z ! sacrifice w\ld be great] if x 7 made to av]t discrim5 ?an if x 7 made to av]t c]ta mors4 ,be*] cps4 pro ,lege ,manil4 #ff3 ,div4 9 ,caec4 #bg4--,!re is no?+ 9 ! di/9ction :i* ,h]b/ 7foll[$ by ,dosson7 seeks to set up 7on ! /r5g? ( s$ etiam 9 #ac73 #8pro simplici s$1 1 inf]tur s$ etiam1 1 si utrumque orationis membrum p>i vi pra$itum e/4' ,cp4 ! foll[+3 7a7 non solum s$1 vi4 #b1 #ac & #cf3 non solum s$ 7or v]um7 etiam1 vii4 #aj1 #ag3 ii4 #b1 #ad3 vii4 #e1 #c3 viii4 #c1 #fd3 i4 #aa1 #ad4 7b7 non tantum s$1 ix4 #c1 #bh1 #gh3 xi4 #a1 #g3 ii4 #ag1 #b3 non tantum s$ etiam 7or et71 xi4 #b1 #e3 viii4 #c1 #c3 ix4 #b1 #ej4 7c7 non modo s$1 pr4 #i3 x4 #a1 #df3 ii4 #ag1 #c3 iv4 #e1 #f3 non modo s$ etiam 7or quoque71 ix4 #c1 #ej3 xi4 #a1 #ae3 i4 #aj1 #i3 ii4 #b1 #ab3 vi4 #c1 #eg3 ix4 #c1 #dg3 i4 #a1 #cd3 i4 #d1 #f3 i4 #aa1 #ac3 ix4 #d1 #i3 x4 #a1 #aj4 9 promptu--9 read9ess1 #8at "o's f+]s' ends1' z x 73 i4e4 n only mu/ we be able to recognise !m :5 we see or he> !m1 b we mu/ always h a /ock ( !m on h&4 ,cp4 ii4 #d1 #bg ut quidam 444 scriptos eos 7locos7 memoriaeque dilig5tissime m&atos 9 promptu habu]9t3 vii4 #aj1 #ad non respici5dum ad haec s$ 9 promptu hab5da3 viii4 pr4 #bh ut semp] 9 promptu s9t et ante oculos3 xi4 #b1 #a exemplorum 444 velut quasdam copias quibus abund>e quasque 9 promptu hab]e debet orator4 ,9 ix4 #a1 #ac we h simplex atque 9 promptu positus dic5di modus4 ,cp4 ,demetrius ,cynicus ap4 ,s5ec4 de ,b5ef4 vii4 #a #c3 plus prodesse si pauca praecepta sapi5tiae t5eas s$ illa 9 promptu tibi et 9 usu s9t quam si multa quidem didic]is s$ illa non habeas ad manum4--,9 ,lucr4 ii4 #adi & #bdf 79 promptu manife/umque esse videmus7 ! phrase r 9 ap]to3 z (t5 9 ,cic]o1 e4g4 de ,(f4 i4 #fa1 #ie1 #aje1 #abf4 ut ita dicam1 9 conspectu4 ,s vii4 #a1 #d cum haec 7!mata s4 proposita7 9 conspectu quodammodo collocav]am4 ,cp4 viii4 #c1 #cg quod idem 7#8ut ita dicam'7 etiam 9 iis quae lic5tius translata erunt prod]it4 ,i3#g ,et quae idem signific>5t solitos scio edisc]e1 quo facilius et #ah occurr]et unum ex pluribus1 et1 cum ess5t usi aliquo1 si breve intra spatium rursus desid]>etur1 effugi5dae repetitionis gratia sum]5t aliud quo idem intellegi posset4 ,quod cum e/ pu]ile et cuiusdam infelicis op]ae1 tum etiam utile p>um3 turbam tantum modo congregat1 ex qua s9e discrim9e occupet proximum quodque4 #g4 quae idem signific>5t3 #8synonyms4' ,cp4 i4 #e1 #d 7quot$ above on melius sonantia73 viii4 #c1 #af4 solitos sc4 quosdam4 ,cp4 #ef audire videor cong]5tes4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 #ah occurr]et 9 m5tem v5iret3 #ac3 #c #cc4 quo idem intellegi posset4 ,cp4 iii4 #aa1 #bg 8 plura intelleguntur4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 cum 444 tum etiam4 ,cp4 cum 444 tum praecipue #c #bh3 &1 = cum 444 tum1 #fj1 #fe1 #fh1 #hd1 #aja4 ,bonn4 ,lex41 s4v4 cum p4 #aie4 cuiusdam4 ,?is use ( quidam indicates t ! ^w to :i* x is atta*$ is be+ employ$ 9 "s peculi> s5se1 or else t x comes ne>e/ to ! idea 9 ! writ]'s m9d3 cp4 #gf1 #ha4 infelicis op]ae3 ( tr\ble :i* "o gives oneself unnecess>ily 7cp4 #c #aj3 #g #ad71 ) ! fur!r idea ( unproductiv5ess1 z #b #h no/ra potissimum tempora damnamus huius infelicitatis3 tr4 #8a ?ankless task4' ,cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #a1 #ij infelix op]am p]das3 ,a4 ,p4 #cd infelix op]is summa4 ,) viii4 pr4 #bg-h ,mayor comp>es ,plato ,pha$r4 #bbi;d 4 congregat4 ,! subject "h is indef9ite1 & mu/ be suppli$ f ! context--#8! man :o le>ns by rote4' ,qu9tilian (t5 omits su* words z discipulus1 orator1 declamator1 lector3 cp4 #b #bd3 #g #d & #b #bd3 #be e/ alia ex]citatio cogit&i totasque mat]ias vel sil5tio 7dum tam5 quasi dicat intra se ipsum7 p]sequ5di4 ,s ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #aja omnis autem actio vac>e debet tem]itate et negleg5tia nec v]o ag]e quicquam cuius non possit 7sc4 is qui agit7 causam probabilem r$d]e3 ib4 #aba si natura non f]et ut qua$am imit>i possit 7sc4 is qui imitatur73 #acd3 ii4 #ci3 iii4 #ajg3 de ,amic4 #be quae non volt3 #gb quoad 444 possit3 de ,or4 ii4 #fb audeat4--,!re is ?us no ne$ = ,gemoll's conjecture congregat actor4 #h-ae4 ,! prec$+ sections 7#e-g7 =m ! transition to :at he n[ seeks to prove1--! ne$ = multa lectio & auditio4 #8,by read+ & he>+ ! be/ models we le>n to *oose appropriate words1 to arrange & pron\nce !m rightly2 to employ ! figures ( spee* 9 _! prop] places4'--,mayor4 ,i3#h ,nobis autem copia cum iudicio p>&a e/1 vim or&i non circulatoriam volubilitatem spectantibus4 ,id autem consequemur #ai optima leg5do atque audi5do2 non enim solum nom9a ipsa r]um cognoscemus hac cura1 s$ quod quoque loco sit aptissimum4 #h4 cum iudicio1 #aaf3 #b #c4 ,mayor cites ,cic4 de ,or4 iii4 #aej s$ 9 hoc v]borum g5]e propriorum dilectus e/ hab5dus quidem atque is aurium quoque iudicio pond]&us e/4 ,! phrase gives ! anti!sis ( s9e discrim9e above4 vim or&i3 see on #a above1 vim dic5di3 cp4 #e #f3 ii4 #af1 #i3 vi4 #b1 #b4 ,! words d5ote #8true oratory' z oppos$ to ! #8flu5cy ( a m\ntebank' or *>latan4 ,= ! absolute use ( or>e 7common 9 ! ,silv] ,age7 see on #af4 circulatoriam volubilitatem3 ii4 #d1 #ae circulatoriae v]e iactationis e/4 ,! circulator 0 a /roll+ m\ntebank :o amus$ ! cr[d by 8 leg]dema93 ,s54 de ,b5ef4 vi4 #aa1 #b4 ,s ( quack philosoph]s1 ,id4 ,epi/4 #bi #g circulatores qui philosophiam hone/ius neglexiss5t quam v5dunt3 #dj #c sic itaque habe1 i/am vim dic5di rapidam atque abundantem aptiorem esse circulanti quam ag5ti 9 rem magnam ac s]iam doc5tique3 #eb #h eligamus non eos qui v]ba magna cel]itate praecipitant1 et communes locos volvunt et 9 privato circulantur1 s$ eos qui vitam doc5t4--,= volubilitas cp4 xi4 #c1 #eb3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 #ag e/ enim et sci5tia compreh5d5da r]um plurim>um1 s9e qua v]borum volubilitas inanis atque inrid5da e/1 et ipsa oratio con=m&a non solum electione s$ etiam con/ructione v]borum3 s l+uae volubilitas1 pro ,planc4 #fb flum5 aliis v]borum volubilitasque cordi e/3 pro ,flacc4 #dh homo volubilis praecipiti quadam cel]itate dic5di4 ,pl9y ,ep4 v4 #bj1 #d3 e/ pl]isque ,graecorum ut illi pro copia volubilitas4 ,juv5al's s]mo promptus et ,isaeo torr5tior 7#c1 #gc-d7 indicates ! same feature4 id1 ( ! idea conta9$ 9 ! previ\s s5t5ce 7p>>e copiam cum iudicio73 #f #f3 #g #d4 #ai non enim4 ,h]b/ cites #aji & #e #h to %[ t 9 ?is =m ! negative is ei!r atta*$ to a s+le ^w1 or is meant to be m emphatic3 s ,cic4 ,orat4 #dg1 #aja4 ,on ! o!r h& neque enim has less emphasis3 #aje3 #b #a3 #c #aj1 #bc3 #d #a3 #f #e3 #g #e1 #ah1 #ai1 #bg4 ,= enim 444 enim 444 nam he comp>es #c #b &1 9 ,greek1 ,x54 ,anab4 iii4 #b1 #cb3 v4 #f1 #d4 quod quoque4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#i ,omnibus enim f]e v]bis praet] pauca1 quae sunt p>um v]ecunda1 9 oratione locus e/4 ,nam scriptores quidem iamborum vet]isque como$iae etiam 9 illis saepe laudantur1 s$ nobis no/rum opus intu]i sat e/4 ,omnia v]ba1 exceptis de quibus dixi1 sunt alicubi optima2 nam et humilibus int]im et vulg>ibus e/ opus1 et quae nitidiore 9 p>te vid5tur #bj sordida1 ubi res poscit1 proprie dicuntur4 #i4 p>um v]ecunda4 ,^! expressions are *>act]is$ 9 ! same indirect way i4 #b1 #g v]ba ne ,alex&r9is quidem p]mitt5da deliciis4 ,cp4 viii4 #c1 #ch excepto si obsc5a nudis nom9ibus enunti5tur3 ib4 #b #a obsc5a vitabimus4 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 ix4 #bb4 nam is "h slightly elliptical 7cp4 #hc71 introduc+ a confirmation ( ! /atem5t conta9$ 9 ! words praet] pauca quae sunt p>um v]ecunda3 #8,i make exceptions1 = ?\gh ev5 ^! may be admir$ 9 7,ar*ilo*us #ei1 ,hipponax1 c471 & 9 ! old ,com$y1 we mu/ look to our own dep>tm5t4' ,! s5t5ce might h run1--nam1 etiamsi scriptores quidem1 c4 etiam 9 illis saepe laudantur1 nobis no/rum opus intu]i sat e/4 ,?is seems bett] ?an1 ) ,mayor1 to press 9 oratione3 #89 oratione ,i say1 = ev5 ^! may be admir$1 c4' scriptores iamborum3 #ei ,horace imitat$ ,ar*ilo*us 9 "s ( 8 ,epodes3 ^! are #8p>um v]ecunda4' ,mayor ref]s also to ! ,priapeia4 ,! vetus como$ia 7antiqua 9 #fe7 is (t5 associat$ ) 3 #ei1 #fe1 #if4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #a sq43 ii4 #c1 #ab4 9 illis 444 laudantur4 ,9 su* expressions 9 ) ! abl4 d5otes ! range or scope )9 :i* ! action ( ! v]b takes place4 ,ngelsb4 p4 #dia4 ,cic4 ,qu4 fr4 ii4 #f1 #e ,pompeius no/] 9 amicitia ,p4 ,l5tuli vitup]atur4 ,cp4 #ed1 #fc1 #fd3 v4 #ab1 #bb ut ad peiora iuv5es laude ducuntur ita laud>i 9 bonis mal5t4 no/rum opus3 n #8our prop] "w1 ! education ( an orator' 7,hild72 b #8:at we h to d ) "h1' our #8dep>tm5t' or #8bran*4' ,x ?us opus dic5di ,cic4 ,brut4 #bad1 or oratorium ib4 #bjj4 ,9 ! ,silv] ,age opus 7l g5us7 is (t5 us$ to d5ote a special bran*4 ,h]b/ cites #ca1 #ce1 #fd1 #fi1 #gj1 #gb1 #gd1 #ic1 #if1 #abc2 #b #ba4 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 xliv4 intu]i3 v4 #ac1 #ca dum locum praes5tem non totam causam intu5tur4 ,cp4 #b #b1 #bf3 #g #af4 exceptis 444 dixi3 sc4 iis 7p>um v]ecundis74 ,cp4 #ajd circumcisis quae dixisse ei nocu]at4 humilibus 444 vulg>ibus4 ,s xi4 #a1 #f humile et cotidianum s]monis g5us4 ,humilia v]ba 7 7 are oppos$ to gr&ia1 elata v]ba4 ,by ,cic]o abiectus is (t5 us$ to indicate a /ill l[] dep?3 ,brut4 #bbg v]bis non ille quidem ornatis utebatur1 s$ tam5 non abiectis4 ,mayor cites ,de ,orat4 iii4 #agg non enim sunt alia s]monis1 alia cont5tionis v]ba1 neque ex alio g5]e ad usum cotidianum1 alio ad sc5am pompamque sumuntur2 s$ ea nos cum iac5tia su/ulimus e m$io sicut mollissimam c]am ad no/rum arbitrium =mamus et f+imus4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #bbi ne 444 migret 9 obscuras humili s]mone tab]nas4 int]im = int]dum1 z (t5 9 ,qu9tilian1 ,s5eca1 & ,pl9y3 cp4 #bd3 #c #g1 #ai1 #bj1 #cb1 #cc 7:]e we h int]im 444 int]im = modo 444 modo73 #g #ca4 ,see ,introd4 p4 li4 nitidiore 444 sordida4 ,!re is ! same anti!sis at viii4 #c4 #di4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bch non valde nit5s non plane horrida oratio4 ,see note on #gi3 & cp4 #cc1 #dd1 #hc1 #ig1 #ih1 #aac1 #abd4 ,sulp4 ,vict4 in/4 or4 #ae 9 ,halm rhet4 lat4 p4 #cba1 #c adhib5dus e/ nitor 444 ut scilicet v]ba non sordida et vulg>ia et de trivio1 quod dicitur1 sumpta s9t1 s$ electa de libris et hau/a de liquido fonte doctr9ae4-- #bj ,= sordida cp4 ,s54 ,ep4 #ajj 7( ,fabianus7 nihil inv5ies sordidum 444 v]ba 444 spl5dida 444 quamvis sumantur e m$io4 ,qu9t4 ii4 #e1 #aj3 viii4 #b1 #a4 proprie3 v4 on #f propria4 ,cp4 #e #d v]ba poetica lib]tate audaciora non praesumunt eadem proprie dic5di facultatem3 viii4 #b1 #b non m$iocrit] err>e quidam sol5t qui omnia quae sunt 9 usu1 etiam si causae necessitas po/ulet1 re=midant4 ,i3#aj ,haec ut sciamus atque eorum non significationem modo1 s$ =mas etiam m5surasque norimus1 ut ubicumque erunt posita conv5iant1 nisi multa lectione atque auditione adsequi nullo modo possumus1 cum omnem s]monem auribus primum accipiamus4 ,propt] quod infantes a mutis nutricibus iussu regum 9 solitud9e educati1 etiamsi v]ba qua$am emisisse traduntur1 tam5 loqu5di facultate c>u]unt4 #aj4 non 444 modo1 s$ 444 etiam3 see on #f4 ,h]b/ notes t ,qu9t4 usually sep>ates ^! words by o!rs1 z "h3 cp4 #ee non =um modo1 v]um ipsam etiam urbem3 #b #bc non caus>um modo int] ipsas condicio1 s$ 9 s+ulis etiam causis p>tium4 ,on ! o!r h& we h #c #ae non ex]citatio modo 444 s$ etiam ratio3 #g #ai non 9 prosa modo1 s$ etiam 9 c>m9e4 =mas4 ,! =ma ( a ^w1 9 ! wide/ s5se1 mu/ mean its %ape z det]m9$ by ! syllables & lett]s ( :i* x consi/s3 cp4 viii4 #c1 #af1 :]e he notes ! importance ( ?is 9 reg>d to s\nd4 ,b ! ref]5ce "h is m p>ticul>ly to ! grammatical =ms ( inflection1 i4e4 accid5ce1 7,dion4 ,hal4 ,comp4 ,v]bor4 #be1 p4 #djb ,s*f]74 ,see i4 #f1 #ae sq4 ,mayor ref]s to ! grammatical discussions 9 ,cic4 ,orat4 #aeb-afa4 ,qu9t4 i4 #d esp4 #bb-bi3 #e-g4 m5suras3 ! #8quantities' ( s+le syllables1 i4e4 prosody4 ,cic4 ,or4 #aei3 #afb-bcf3 ,qu9t4 i4 #aj #8de musice4' ,lat9 concrete plurals (t5 correspond to our ab/ract names ( sci5ces1 e4g4 num]i #8ari?metic1' tempora #8*ronology4' ,ngelsba* #ab #b1 p4 #ga4 ut ubicumque4 ,= ut 7,l7 mo/ ,,mss4 7,g ,h ,s7 give et4 ,krg] records a conj4 by ,r[ecki1 :o proposes to read utque1 s z to make bo? ut sciamus & ut conv5iant dep5d ^u adsequi4 ,b ?is seems unnecess>y4 auditione4 ,!n1 z n[1 auditio w\ld be specially valuable 9 reg>d to prosody 7m5surae74 ,! next clause gives ! reason = putt+ x alongside ( lectio1 & also s]ves to introduce ! ref]5ce :i* foll[s4 propt] quod 7 71 (t5 9 ,qu9t4 :]e ,cic]o w\ld h us$ quam ob rem4 ,cp4 #ff3 #e #bc3 #g #f3 propt] quae 7 7 #fa3 #c #cj3 ii4 #ac1 #ad3 xii4 #a1 #ci4 ,at #bh & #c #f we h praet] id quod = praet]quam quod4 infantes 444 c>u]unt4 ,9 spite ( ! vagu5ess ( regum & a mutis nutricibus1 ! ref]5ce is obvi\sly to ! /ory told by ,h]odotus 7ii4 #b71 :i* ,qu9t4 may only h rememb]$ indi/9ctly4 ,psammeti*us1 k+ ( ,egypt1 wi%+ to discov] if !re 7 any p old] ?an ! ,egyptians1 gave two infants into ! *>ge ( a %eph]d1 :o 0 to keep !m out ( rea* ( all human s\nds & br+ !m up on ! milk ( goats4 ,aft] two ye>s !y greet$ ! %eph]d ) ! cry 1 :i* on inquiry turn$ out to be ! ,phrygian = bread4 ,on ! /r5g? ( ?is exp]im5t ! sapi5t k+ all[$ t ! ,phrygians 7 m anci5t ?an ! ,egyptians4 ,claudian1 9 ,eutrop4 ii4 #beb-d nec rex ,aegyptius ultra ,re/itit1 humani po/quam pu] ub]is exp]s ,9 ,phrygiam primum laxavit murmura vocem4 ,a simil> /ory is told ( ,james ,,iv ( ,scotl&1 ) ! diff]5ce t 9 8 case ,hebrew in/ead ( ,phrygian result$ f ! exp]im5t4--,by mutis nutr4 ,qu9t4 probably means ! goats ( ,psammeti*us2 mutus hav+ its prop] s5se1 #8utt]+ in>ticulate s\nds'3 s mutae pecudes ,lucr4 v4 #ajei3 animalia muta ,iuv4 viii4 #ef3 mutum ac turpe pecus ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #c1 #ajj4 v]ba emisisse3 ,lucr4 v4 #ajhg-h ergo si v>ii s5sus animalia cogunt ,muta tam5 cum s9t1 v>ias emitt]e voces1 c4 c>u]unt is obvi\sly ! "r read+1 n c>u]9t 7,hild71 :i* w\ld #ba introduce too great an elem5t ( unc]ta9ty into ! n>rative3 c>u]unt propt]7ea7 quod s]monem auribus non accep]unt4 ,ev5 ?\gh ,qu9t4 may h be5 sceptical ab\t ! /ory its #8moral' agre$ entirely ) 8 own conclusions4--,note etiamsi 444 traduntur1 etiamsi 444 s9t #aa bel[4 ,i3#aa ,sunt autem alia huius naturae1 ut idem #ba pluribus vocibus decl>5t1 ita ut nihil significationis1 quo potius ut>is1 int]sit1 ut #8ensis' et #8gladius'2 alia v]o1 etiamsi propria r]um aliqu>um s9t nom9a1 quasi tam5 ad eundem intellectum f]untur1 ut #8f]rum' et #8mucro'4 #aa4 alia1 sc4 v]ba4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 vocibus3 #8s\nds1'--words 9 reg>d to _! s\nd & =m1 :ile v]ba are words 9 reg>d to _! mean+4 ,! di/9ction is giv5 ,cic4 ,or4 #afb r]um v]borumque iudicium prud5tiae e/1 vocum autem et num]orum aures sunt iudices3 de ,or4 iii4 #aif itaque non solum v]bis arte positis mov5tur omnes1 v]um etiam num]is ac vocibus 7( musical s\nds74 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #c1 #ajc donec v]ba quibus voces s5susque not>5t1 ,nom9aque inv5]e--:]e v]ba are ! articulate words by :i* m5 gave =m & mean+ to ! primitive in>ticulate s\nds 7voces74 significationis1 = ! m usual ad significationem1 #89 po9t ( mean+'3 vii4 #b1 #bj nihil int]e/ actionum3 ix4 #d1 #dd plurimum ref]t compositionis4 ,s ,pl94 ,ep4 ix4 #ac #be v]ane haec adfirm>e non ausim3 int]e/ tam5 exempli ut v]a videantur4 ,cic]o has 9 ad ,fam4 iv4 #aj1 #e multum int]esse rei famili>is tuae te quam primum v5ire3 & int]esse reipublicae occurs 7z a sort ( p]sonal g5itive7 9 ,cic]o1 ,caes>1 & ,livy4 ,b ) su* a ^w z t 9 ! text ,cic]o w\ld h us$ ad c4 acc43 ad ,fam4 v4 #ab1 #a equidem ad no/ram laudem non multum video int]esse1 s$ ad prop]ationem meam quiddam int]e/ non te exspect>e dum ad locum v5ias4 quo1 sc4 v]bo4 ensis is ! poetic ^w = gladius1 ?\gh 9 ,qu9t4's "t ! diff]5ce betwe5 prose usage & poetical 9 reg>d to su* words _h begun to disappe>4 ,mayor 7foll[+ ,gesn]7 notes t #8ensis' occurs ov] sixty times 9 ,v]gil1 #8gladius' only five times4 1 by a #8turn' or *ange ( application4 ,on metaphor see viii4 #b1 #f sq43 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #aee3 ,or4 #ha1 #hb sq4 ,! mean+ is t :ile "s words are naturally synonym\s1 o!rs become synonyms 7ad eundem intellectum f]untur7 :5 us$ figuratively1 ?\gh 9 _! lit]al s5se !y h ea* a di/9ct application 7propria r]um aliqu>um s9t nom9a74 ,9 ! "o case !re are sev]al words ) ! same mean+3 9 ! o!r ! orig9al mean+ is diff]5t 7e4g4 f]rum1 mucro71 b ! words come to be us$ synonym\sly4--,= ! position ( quasi1 aft] 1 cp4 ,sall4 ,iug4 #dh #c3 & see ,crit4 ,notes4 ad eundem intellectum1 viii4 #c1 #ci3 f]untur #c #f3 lit4 #8pass into ! same mean+4' f]rum1 mucro1 viii4 #f1 #bj 7( synecdo*e7 nam prosa ut #8mucronem' pro gladio et #8tectum' pro domo recipiet1 ita non #8puppem' pro navi nee #8abietem' pro tabellis1 et rursus ut pro gladio #8f]rum' ita non pro equo #8quadrip$em4'--,mayor comp>es ! use ( #8iron' & #8/eel' = #8sword' 9 ,%akespe>e4 ,i3#ab ,nam p] abusionem #bb sic>ios etiam omnes vocamus qui ca$em telo quocumque commis]unt4 ,alia circuitu v]borum plurium o/5dimus1 quale e/ #8et pressi copia lactis4' ,plurima v]o mutatione figuramus3 scio #8non ignoro' et #8non me fugit' et #8non me praet]it' et #8quis nescit8' et #8nem9i dubium e/'4 #ab4 ,nam is aga9 elliptical1 z 9 #i4 ,x introduces "h a pro( ( :at has j be5 said 9 ! %ape ( a ref]5ce to some?+ /ill m /rik+3 #8& we may g ev5 fur!r1 =1' c4 ,x may be translat$ #8& inde$1' or #8nay m1' or #8likewise4' ,cp4 #bc1 #hc3 & ) quidem #ej4 ,! ellipse may be suppli$ by ! words #8neque id mirum'3 #8& no wond]1 =4' p] abusionem3 by ! figure call$ #8cata*resis1'--! use ( a ^w ( k9dr$ signification = ! prop] ^w3 ,corn4 ad ,h]5n4 #aj #de abusio e/ quae v]bo simili et prop9quo pro c]to et proprio abutitur4 ,cp4 viii4 #b1 #e abusio1 quae dicitur1 necess>ia3 ib4 #f #cd 1 quam recte dicimus abusionem1 quae non hab5tibus nom5 suum accommodat1 quod 9 proximo e/1 sic3 equum div9a ,palladis arte ,a$ificant3 iii4 #c1 #i3 ix4 #b1 #ce4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #afi3 ,or4 #id4 ,qu9t4 /ates ! diff]5ce betwe5 abusio & translatio viii4 #f #ce3 disc]n5dumque e/ ab hoc totum translationis g5us1 quod abusio e/ ubi nom5 deficit1 translatio ubi aliud fuit3 i4e4 abusio is us$ :5 a ?+ has n a "n1 & ! "n ( some?+ simil> is giv5 to x1 translatio :5 "o "n is us$ in/ead ( ano!r4 ,mayor cites ,s]v4 ,georg4 iii4 #bb #ecc don>ia proprie loca sunt 9 quibus dona reponuntur deorum1 abusive templa4 ,cp4 ,qu9t4 viii4 #f1 #ce poetae sol5t abusive etiam 9 8 rebus quibus nom9a sua sunt vic9is potius uti4 sic>ios4 ,! sica among ! ,romans specially d5ot$ ! assass9's poni>d3 ,cic4 de ,(f4 iii4 #cf3 de ,nat4 ,deor4 iii4 #gd3 pro ,rosc4 ,am]4 #ajc4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #d4 quocumque4 ,ev5 be=e ,qu9t4's "t quicumque _h acquir$ ! =ce ( an indef9ite pron\n 7quivis or quilibet73 ,cic4 ,cat4 #b1 #e quae san>e pot]unt1 quacumque ratione 7pot]o7 sanabo4 ,cp4 #aje1 #g #b3 i4 #aj1 #ce3 ii4 #ba1 #a3 & frequ5tly 9 ,tacitus1 ,suetonius1 & ,juv5al 7e4g4 x4 #cei74 ,mayor cites among o!r passages f ,m>tial viii4 #dh1 #e non quicumque capit saturatas murice ve/es4 circuitu v]borum plurium1 i4e4 p]iphrasis4 viii4 #f1 #ei pluribus autem v]bis cum id quod uno aut paucioribus c]te dici pote/ explicatur vocant1 circuitum qu5dam eloqu5di3 ib4 #fa cum 9 vitium incidit dicitur4 ,cp4 xii4 #aj1 #af3 #da3 viii4 pr4 #bd3 #b #ag4 o/5dimus decl>amus1 significamus1 z #ad4 et pressi copia lactis3 ,v]g4 ,ecl4 #a1 #ha4 plurima1 #8v _m1' n #8mo/'3 a common usage 9 ,qu9t4 ,cp4 #bb1 #bg1 #dj1 #di1 #eh1 #fj1 #fe1 #ha1 #ie1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aag1 #abh3 #b #f1 #ad1 #bd3 #f #a3 #g #ag4 mutatione figuramus4 ,= ?is use ( figur>e 77 cp4 ix4 #a1 #i tam enim translatis v]bis quam propriis figuratur oratio3 "h h[ev] plurima is a cognate accus41--lit4 #8we v (t5 use a figure 9 sub/itut+ "o =m ( expression = ano!r4' ,! v]b is f\nd 9 ?is s5se also 9 ,s5eca & ,pl9y4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4--,figurae is ,qu9t4's fav\rite ^w = r5d]+ 4 ,he uses x 9 m ?an a hundr$ places 7i4 #h1 #af s*emata utraque1 id e/ figuras1 quaeque quaeque vocantur73 & x is to ?is use ( ! ^w by him & by ! lat] rhetoricians t we owe ! mod]n t]m #8figure4' ,cic]o has no fix$ equival5t = 3 he uses =mae1 con=mationes1 lum9a1 ge/us1 figurae1--(t5 ) ! ,greek ^w add$2 e4g4 ,brut4 #fi s5t5ti>um orationisque =mis quae vocant 3 cp4 ,or4 #hc1 & de ,opt4 ,g54 #ad 7:]e figuris is accompani$ by tanquam74 ,qu9t4 def9es figura ix4 #a1 #d z #8con=matio qua$am orationis remota a communi et primum se (f]5te ratione'3 ib4 #ad arte aliqua novata =ma dic5di4 ,! idea ( a div]g5ce f :at is usual & ord9>y is always prom95t 9 8 treatm5t ( figurae3 ii4 #ac1 #aa mutant enim aliquid a recto atque hanc prae se virtutem f]unt quod a consuetud9e vulg>i recess]ut3 ix4 #a1 #aa 9 s5su vel s]mone aliqua a vulg>i et simplici specie cum ratione mutatio4--,t ?is idea is n involv$ 9 ! orig9al mean+ ( 1 b 0 ext5d$ to !m f ! 7a "n :i* indicates *anges or #8turns ( expression'71 is %[n by ,caus]et pp4 #agj-ahj4 ,i3#ac ,s$ etiam ex proximo mutu>i licet4 ,nam et #8intellego' et #8s5tio' et #8video' saepe idem val5t quod #8scio'4 ,quorum nobis ub]tatem #bc ac divitias dabit lectio1 ut non solum quo modo occurr5t1 s$ etiam quo modo oportet utamur4 #ac4 ex proximo mutu>i3 i4e4 borr[ a ^w t is cognate 9 mean+1 in/ead ( us+ su* negative inv]sions z ! prec$+4--,intellego1 s5tio1 video1 scio1 are cognate words1--#8next door' 79 proximo7 to ea* o!r4--,= ! sub/antival use 79 ,cic]o & ,livy7 ( neut] adjectives 9 acc4 & abl41 ) prepositions1 9 expressions d5ot+ place & ! l1 see ,ngelsba* #ba pp4 #ajb-aji4 ,exx4 are ex integro 7#bj71 9 ap]to1 ex prop9quo1 9 imm5sum1 de ali5o1 ad extremum1 9 praecipiti1 9 praes5ti1 9 melius1 e contr>io 7#ai74 idem val5t or 1 z (t5 9 ,cic]o & else:]e 9 ,qu9tilian4 ub]tatem ac divitias3 h5diadys1 #8a ri* /ore4' ,= ! use ( two synonym\s n\ns 9 ,lat9 in/ead ( a n\n & an adjective1 see ,ngelsba*1 #gc pp4 #bhj-bha4 ,exx4 are ,cic4 de ,or4 i4 #cjj absolutionem p]fectionemque 7 summa #bc p]fectio1 :i* nev] occurs73 de ,(f4 ii4 #e1 #af conspiratione hom9um atque cons5su4 ,= ?is metaphorical use ( divitiae cp4 de ,orat4 i4 #afa 9 oratione ,crassi divitias atque ornam5ta eius +5ii p] qua$am involucra atque integum5ta p]spexi4 occurr5t3 #g & frequ5tly else:]e 9 ?is s5se4 ,i3#ad ,non semp] enim haec int] se idem faciunt1 nec sicut de intellectu animi recte dix]im #8video'1 ita de visu oculorum #8intellego'1 nec ut #8mucro' gladium1 sic mucronem #8gladius' o/5dit4 #ad4 non semp] enim1 etc41 #8!y d n always co9cide 9 mean+1' are n always id5tical & int]*angeable4 ,cf4 ix4 #c1 #dg nec v]ba modo s$ s5sus quoque idem faci5tes ac]vantur3 :]e fac]e effic]e1 ! words be+ spok5 ( z if !y 7 ag5ts 9 produc+ ! mean+4 ,int] se 77 #8reciprocally1' #8mutually'3 cp4 ix4 #c1 #ca3 ib4 #di4 intellego3 repeat recte dix]im4 ,= ! ellipse ,h]b/ comp>es v4 #aa1 #bf3 viii4 #f1 #bj3 xii4 #aa1 #bg4 mucro3 = in/ance 9 #e #af gladius c\ld n be sub/itut$ = mucro )\t ! po9t be+ lo/4 ,cp4 viii4 #f1 #bj3 vi4 #d1 #d3 ix4 #d1 #cj4 o/5dit indicat1 significat4 ,cp4 #ab4 ,i3#ae ,s$ ut copia v]borum sic p>atur1 ita non v]borum tantum gratia leg5dum vel audi5dum e/4 ,nam omnium1 quaecumque docemus1 hoc sunt exempla pot5tiora etiam ipsis quae traduntur artibus 7cum eo qui discit p]ductus e/1 ut intelleg]e ea s9e demon/rante et sequi iam suis viribus possit71 quia quae doctor praecepit orator o/5dit4 #bd #ae4 ut 444 ita3 v4 on sicut 444 ita #a4 sic1 multa lectione atque auditione #aj4 ,9 read+ & he>+ we are n to aim m]ely at increas+ our /ock ( words3 _m o!r ?+s may be le>n$ by ! same practical me?od4 ,cp4 #b #a4 hoc idcirco1 ideo1 correspond+ to quia bel[4 ,cp4 #cd hoc pot5tiora quod3 #abi eo p]niciosissima quod3 v4 #aa1 #cg4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 etiam ipsis3 #bd4 ,h]b/ cites also ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #c1 #ci ,turpia decipiunt caecum vitia aut etiam ipsa haec delectant4 ,cic]o uses etiam ipse 7) r m emphasis ?an ipse quoque7 de ,nat4 ,deor4 ii4 #df3 ,rab4 ,po/4 #cc3 pro ,planc4 #gc3 pro ,mil4 #ba--,ngelsba* p4 #cfg4 quae traduntur artibus4 ,artes is "h us$1 z (t5 9 ! plural1 = ! rules or collections ( rules taught 9 s*ools4 ,s ii4 #e1 #ad hoc dilig5tiae g5us ausim dic]e plus collaturum disc5tibus quam omnes omnium artes4 ,pr4 #bf nihil praecepta atque artes val]e nisi adiuvante natura3 cp4 #dg bel[ litium et consiliorum artes3 #di qui de artibus scrips]unt4 ,?is use is d]iv$ f t 9 :i* ars /&s g5]ally = #8sy/em' or #8!ory'3 ii4 #ad1 #e ars erit quae discipl9a p]cipi debet 7cp4 ,cic4 de ,or4 ii4 #cj ars e>um r]um e/ quae sciuntur73 & bel[ #g #ab hic usus ita prod]it si ea de qua locuti sumus ars antecess]it4 ,else:]e 9 ,qu9t4 x is frequ5tly us$ = a te*nical treatise3 ii4 #ac1 #a a pl]isque scriptoribus artium3 #ae #d si re v]a ars quae circumf]tur eius 7,isocratis7 e/3 cp4 ,iuv4 #g1 #agg artem sc9des ,!odori4 ,?is la/ use is f\nd also 9 ,cic]o3 ,brutus #df ait ,ari/oteles 444 artem et praecepta ,siculos ,coracem et ,tisiam conscripsisse3 de ,f94 iii4 #d ipsae rhetorum artes3 iv4 #e non solum praecepta 9 artibus s$ etiam exempla 9 orationibus b5e dic5di reliqu]unt3 ib4 #g quamquam scripsit artem rhetoricam ,clean!s3 de ,inv5t4 i4 #h3 ii4 #g4--,traduntur doc5tur1 j z accip]e disc]e3 cf4 i4 #c1 #c quae trad5tur non difficult] accipiet3 ii4 #i1 #c3 iii4 #f1 #ei4 s9e demon/rante3 #8)\t a guide' or tea*]4 ,= ?is use ( ! p>ticiple1 cp4 i4 #b1 #ab lectio quoque non omnis nec semp] praeeuntevel int]pretante eget4 iam height5s ! contra/ betwe5 ! two /ages--pupilage & indep5d5t /udy4 ,!re is !re=e no ne$ = ,hild's conjecture viam4 o/5dit #8gives a practical demon/ration (4' ,we are n m]ely to le>n ! rules 7artes7 f ! doctor1 b to obs]ve #bd h[ !y are appli$ by ! be/ writ]s & speak]s4 ,i3#af ,alia v]o audi5tes1 alia leg5tes magis adiuvant4 ,excitat qui dicit spiritu ipso1 nec imag9e et ambitu r]um1 s$ rebus inc5dit4 ,vivunt omnia enim et mov5tur1 excipimusque nova illa velut nasc5tia cum favore ac sollicitud9e4 ,nec =tuna modo iudicii1 s$ etiam ipsorum qui orant p]iculo adficimur4 #af4 alia does n ref] to "s p>ticul> k9ds ( spee*es1 z ,watson translates4 ,lit]ally1 x is #8"s ?+s d m good :5 "o he>s !m1 o!rs :5 "o reads !m'3 b alia & adiuvant run into ea* o!r1 z x 71 & ! mean+ is #8"s b5efits are d]iv$ f he>+1 o!rs f read+1' i4e4 !y h ea* _! special po9ts4 ,9 ! passive x w\ld /& #8alit] audi5tes adiuvantur alit] leg5tes4' spiritu ipso3 ! #8liv+ brea?' 7vivunt omnia et mov5tur71 z oppos$ to ! dead lett]3 ! s\nd ( ! voice 7viva vox7 in/ead ( ! #8cold m$ium ( writt5 symbols' 7,frieze71 ii4 #b1 #h viva illa1 ut dicitur1 vox alit pl5ius 7sc4 quam exempla74 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #c1 #i multo magis1 ut vulgo dicitur1 viva vox adficit4 nam liceat acriora s9t quae legas1 altius tam5 9 animo s$5t quae pronuntiatio vultus habitus ge/us etiam dic5tis adfigit4 ,cic4 ,orat4 #acj c>5t libri spiritu illo propt] quem maiora eadem illa cum aguntur quam cum leguntur vid]i sol5t1 :]e ,s&ys quotes ,isocr4 ,phil4 #bf4 ,s ,dion4 ,hal4 de ,dem4 #ed 7p4 #aab ,r7 ( ! spee*es ( ,demo/h5es :5 ill deliv]$1 7sc4 7 1 1 4 ambitu r]um4 ,?is phrase has be5 v>i\sly expla9$4 ,wolff ?\ght t x 0 equival5t to #8r]um circumscriptio quam prima l9eam5ta duc5tes faciunt pictores'2 & foll[+ him _m r5d] by #8b>e outl9e1' #8r\gh draft or sket*1' #8outl9e draw+1' )\t h[ev] cit+ any apposite p>allel4 ,o!rs say x #8ambitiosa r]um expositione'3 cp4 iv4 #a1 #ah hic ambitus 444 pronunti&i faci5dique iniu/e3 xii4 #aj1 #c proprio quodam intelleg5di ambitu 7#8affectation ( sup]ior judgm5t'73 ,declam4 ,,iv1 sub f941 novo mihi inauditoque opus e/ ambitu r]um3 ib4 ,i pr4 si iuv5is innoc5tissimus iudices uti vellet ambitu tri/issimae calamitatis4 ,s*ll sees no difficulty if ! phrase is tak5 9 ! same s5se z #8ambitus p>ietis1' #8ambitus a$ificiorum4' ,if ambitus is n a gloss1 may ! mean+ n be t ! speak] goes /raight to ! he>t ( 8 subject in/ead ( #8beat+ ab\t ! bu%1' l ! m leisurely writ]8 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 vivunt omnia enim3 #8all is life & movem5t4' ,= ! position ( enim cp4 non semp] enim #ad4 ,9 ,lucr4 enim (t5 comes ?ird 9 ! s5t5ce1 & ev5 lat]4 ,mayor cites ,cic4 ad ,att4 xiv4 #f #a odiosa illa enim fu]ant3 ,hor4 ,sat4 ii4 #g1 #aje4 nova illa velut nasc5tia3 ! #8new bir?s' ( 8 imag9ation--( ! spok5 ^w :i* has m ( ! impromptu elem5t ab\t x ?an ! writt54 #c #g omnia enim no/ra dum nascuntur plac5t4 ,= ?is use ( ille cp4 #ag ille laudantium clamor3 #dg3 #c #f calor quoque ille cogitationis3 #c #ah1 #bb1 #ca3 #e #d1 #ab3 ii #aj1 #g tremor ille inanis4 =tuna iudicii3 ,cic4 ,or4 #ih ancipites dic5di inc]tosque casus3 de ,orat4 i4 #abj dic5di difficultatem v>iosque ev5tus orationis3 pro ,m>cello #ae inc]tus exitus et anceps =tuna belli4 ,?is is ( ! issue ( ! trial 9 itself3 ipsorum qui orant p]iculo is us$ ( ! issue z x affects ! advocate1 :o w h all ! cr$it or discr$it ( success or failure4 ,= ! /ra9 :i* ?is involv$ cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 iv4 #ai #c4--;,= ! absolute use ( or>e cp4 #gf3 #e #f4 ,pl94 ,ep4 vii4 #i1 #g /udium or&i3 cp4 ,tac4 ,hi/4 i4 #ij4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #f illa secretiora et tantum ipsis orantibus nota maiora sunt4 ,i3#ag ,praet] haec vox1 actio decora1 accommodata1 ut quisque locus #be po/ulabit1 pronunti&i 7vel pot5tissima 9 dic5do7 ratio et1 ut semel dicam1 p>it] omnia doc5t4 ,9 lectione c]tius iudicium1 quod audi5ti frequ5t] aut suus cuique favor aut ille laudantium clamor extorquet4 #ag4 vox1 actio 444 pronunti&i ratio4 ,"h actio takes ! place ( ge/us 9 #g #i1 ) ! same mean+ 7! managem5t ( ! p]son 9 speak+73 adhibita vocis pronuntiationis ge/us obs]vatione4 ,9 a wid] s5se 7#ai7 x is us$ ( #8deliv]y' g5]ally 771 occurr+ m commonly 9 ?is s5se 9 previ\s writ]s ?an pronuntiatio1 :i* ,qu9tilian #be gives z an alt]native t]m 9 iii4 #c1 #a3 cp4 xi4 #c1 #a pronuntiatio a pl]isque actio dicitur1 s$ prius nom5 a voce1 sequ5s a ge/u videtur accip]e4 ,namque actionem ,cic]o alias 7de ,or4 iii4 #bbb7 quasi s]monem1 alias 7,or4 #ee7 eloqu5tiam qu&am corporis dicit4 ,idem tam5 duas eius p>tes facit quae sunt ea$em pronuntiationis1 vocem atque motum3 quapropt] utraque appellatione indiff]5t] uti licet4 ,9 xi4 #c1 #ad he goes on to divide actio into vox & ge/us3 cp4 ,dion4 ,hal4 de ,dem4 #ec1 :]e is divid$ into & 3 ,cic4 ,brut4 #ada1 #bci4--,pronunti&i 444 ratio4 ,z voice & ge/ure 7toge!r mak+ up actio or pronuntiatio 9 ! wide s5se7 h n[ be5 m5tion$1 x is tempt+ to take ?is ?ird item 9 ! n>r[] mean+ ( #8articulation1' 9 :i* x occurs #g #bb t>dior pronuntiatio3 cp4 dilucida pronuntiatio xi4 #c1 #cc3 citata 444 pressa ib4 #aaa4 ,b ! prom95ce giv5 to x 7see on vel pot5tissima bel[7 seems to make x necess>y to und]/& pronunt4 ratio 9 ! wide/ s5se ( pronuntiatio 7z probably #aai71 includ+ voice1 ge/ure1 & o!r k9dr$ elem5ts2 cp4 ad ,h]5n4 #c pronuntiatio e/ vocis vultus ge/us mod]atio cum v5u/ate3 ,cic4 de ,inv4 #g pronuntiatio e/ vocis et corporis mod]atio4 ,= accommodata ut see ,crit4 ,notes4 vel pot5tissima3 #ae pot5tiora4 ,= ! supreme importance ( #8deliv]y' cp4 ! well-kn[n /ory ( ,demo/h5es xi4 #c1 #f ,demo/h4 quid esset 9 toto dic5di op]e primum int]rogatus1 pronuntiationi palmam d$it eidemque secundum ac t]tium locum1 donec ab eo qua]i des9]et1 ut eam vid]i posset non praecipuam s$ solam iudicasse4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #adb3 de ,or4 iii4 #bac3 ,or4 #ef4 ,cic]o's use ( actio = pronuntiatio 9 ^! passages is probably ! orig9 ( ! misund]/&+ ( ?is anecdote t %[s itself1 e4g4 9 ,bacon's ,essay #8,( ,boldnesse4' ,actio is f> wid] ?an our ,engli% ^w3 = its scope & importance cp4 de ,orat4 i4 #ah 7,actio7 quae motu corporis1 quae ge/u1 quae voltu1 quae vocis con=matione ac v>ietate mod]&a e/3 quae sola p] se ipsa quanta sit1 c4 semel3 #8once = all' #c #bb1 & (t52 ,cic4 de ,(f4 iii4 #fb ut sibi 444 semel indic>etur4 frequ5t]1 z (t5 9 ?is s5se 9 ,qu9t4 ,! lexx4 give no example f ,cic]o1 b cp4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 i4 #ba1 #ei ,z5onem cum ,a!nis essem audiebam frequ5t]3 de ,f94 i4 #e1 #af eos cum ,attico no/ro frequ5t] audivi3 ii4 #d1 #ab hoc frequ5t] dici solet a vobis3 v4 #c1 #h qui fratrem eius ,ari/um frequ5t] audi]is3 ,tusc4 ,disp4 ii4 #c1 #i ,philo quem nos frequ5t] audivimus3 ,or4 #bba non modo non frequ5t] v]um etiam r>o 7,wilk9s on de ,or4 ii4 #aee1 #bnd ed474 ,cp4 ,s&ys' note on ,or4 #ha1 :]e ,dr4 ,reid adds #8,?is s5se is by no means z uncommon z x is usually ?\ght to be4 ,!re are a good _m exx4 9 ! ,lett]s4' ,s ,pl94 ,ep4 i4 #a1 #a3 ix4 #bc1 #a4 suus cuique favor3 #8"o's pref]5ce = a p>ticul> speak]4' ,in/ead ( ! dat41 we h #8e/ naturalis favor pro laborantibus' iv4 #a1 #i3 ,tacitus uses 9 & erga c4 acc4 7,hi/4 i4 #ec3 ,g]m4 #cc47 ille laudantium clamor4 ,ille aga9 7#af7 to d5ote some?+ notori\s3 4 ,anci5t audi5ces 7 highly appreciative3 ,isocrates 7,pana?4 #b7 speaks ( ! anti!ses1 ! symmetrical clauses1 & o!r figures :i* l5d brilliancy to oratorical displays1 compell+ ! li/5]s to give clamor\s applause 7 74 ,cp4 xi4 #c1 #abf conv5iet etiam ambulatio qua$am propt] immodicas laudationum moras3 #aca3 & see on #ah bel[4 ,! ref]5ces 9 ,cic]o are num]\s3 ,brut4 #afd1 #cbf3 de ,or4 i4 #aeb haec sunt quae clamores et admirationes 9 bonis oratoribus efficiunt3 ad ,att4 i4 #ad1 #d ,quid multa8 clamores3 ,or4 #bad1 #afh4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ci oratori autem clamore plausuque opus e/ et velut quodam !atro1 ) :i* ,&res5 comp>es ,brut4 #aia poema enim reconditum paucorum approbationem1 oratio popul>is ass5sum vulgi debet mov]e4 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #aj1 #g3 iv4 #e1 #a3 ix4 #ac1 #ah4 extorquet3 iv4 #e1 #f cognosc5ti iudicium conamur auf]re4 ,= ! figure ,mayor cps4 de ,orat4 ii4 #gd numquam #bf s5t5tias de manibus iudicum vi quadam orationis extorsimus4 ,i3#ah ,pudet enim diss5tire1 et velut #bf tacita quadam v]ecundia inhibemur plus nobis cr$]e1 cum int]im et vitiosa pluribus plac5t1 et a conrogatis laudantur etiam quae non plac5t4 #ah4 pudet diss5tire3 ( ,cic]o #aaa 9 omnibus quae dicit tanta auctoritas ine/ ut diss5tire pudeat4 velut tacita quadam v]ecundia4 ,tacitus is us$ frequ5tly ( #8unexpress$' ?\ght or feel+3 ,cic4 pro ,balb4 #b op9io tacita ve/rorum animorum3 ,clu5t4 #fc tacita ve/ra expectatio4 ,cp4 ,or4 #bjc 7v]suum7 modum notat ars1 s$ aures ipsae tacito eum s5su s9e arte def9iunt1 :]e ,s&ys r5d]s #8by an unconsci\s intuition'3 de ,or4 iii4 #aie magna qua$am e/ vis incr$ibilisque naturae2 omnes enim tacito quodam s5su s9e ulla arte aut ratione quae s9t 9 artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava diiudicant4 ,on ^! passages ,ngelsba* relies to prove t tacitus s5sus 7n inscius1 insci5s1 nescius1 imprud5s1 c47 is ! "r equival5t = #8! unconsci\s'--#8das ,gefhl1 das dur* die ,spra*e ni*t zum ,ausdruck1 mi?9 ni*t zum ,bewus/se9 gekomm5 i/1 also glei*sam /ills*weig5d 9 d] ,seele ruht4' ,! correct ,lat9 = ,h>tmann's #8philosophy ( ! unconsci\s' is !re=e #8,h>tmanni quae e/ de tacito s5su 7hom9um7 philosophia4' ,9 pro( ( ?is ! passage 9 ! text is cit$ 7p4 #cab7 & translat$ #8dur* unbewus/e ,s*eu1' #8ow+ to a sort ( unconsci\s %yness'3 cp4 vi4 #c1 #ag urbanitas qua quidem signific>i video sumptam ex conv]satione doctorum tacitam eruditionem1 #8unconsci\sly acquir$'3 xi4 #b1 #ag cum 9 loca aliqua po/ tempus rev]si sumus quae 9 8 fec]imus rem9iscimur p]sonaeque subeunt1 nonnunquam tacitae quoque cogitationes 9 m5tem rev]tuntur1 #8unausgespro*5e1 im ,bewus/se9 zurckg$rngte1 unbewus/ geword5e ,g$ank54' inhibemur 444 cr$]e4 ,cic4 pro ,rab4 ,po/4 #bd cum /ultitia sua imp$itus sit1 quoquo modo possit se exp$ire4 ,9 classical ,lat9 ! inf9itive is common en\gh aft] su* v]bs 9 ! passive1 & an object clause is (t5 met ) aft] prohib]e ev5 9 ! active3 aft] imp$ire ,cic]o uses ! inf9itive only :5 !re is a neut] subject3 e4g4 de ,or4 i4 #afc me imp$it pudor haec exquir]e3 de ,(f4 ii4 #b1 #h3 de ,nat4 ,deor4 i4 #hg4--;,= ,qu9tilian's pref]5ce = ! inf94 cp4 #gb m]uit cr$i3 #if legi dignus3 #ig esse docti affectant3 #b #g cont5tum esse id consequi3 #e #e qui v]t]e orationes ,lat9as vetant4 ,see ,introd4 pp4 lv1 lvi4 cum int]im3 ) indic4 z #aaa bel[4 ,?is is ! m common con/ruction 9 ,qu9tilian3 ,roby1 #agcc4 ,cp4 i4 #ab1 #c3 ii4 #ab1 #b3 xii4 #aj1 #fg4 ,s cum int]ea3 ,cic4 ,clu5t4 #hb4 ,! subj4 occurs iv4 #b1 #eg4 ,bonnell-,mei/] /rangely say x qu9 etiam "h & #aaa4 ,translate #8?\gh all ! "t' ! ta/e ( ! majority is wrong1 :ile ! claqueurs w applaud any?+4 ,cp4 ,crit4 ,notes4 vitiosa pluribus plac5t3 i4 #f1 #dd unde enim tantum boni ut pluribus quae recta sunt placeant4 a conrogatis4 ,! ref]5ce is to ! claqueurs :o 7 (t5 br\ght toge!r = a fee to applaud ! speak]s 9 ! c\rts3 iv4 #b1 #cg ad clamorem dispositae vel etiam =te circumfusae multitud9is compositi3 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #ad1 #d sequuntur auditores actoribus similes1 conducti et r$empti3 manceps conv5itur3 9 m$ia basilica tam palam sportulae quam 9 tricl9io dantur 444 h]i duo nom5clatores mei 444 t]nis d5>iis ad laud&um trahebantur4 tanti con/at ut sis dis]tissimus4 hoc pretio quamlibet num]osa subsellia impl5tur1 hoc +5s corona colligitur1 hoc inf9iti clamores commov5tur1 cum d$it signum4 opus e/ enim signo apud non intelleg5tes1 ne audi5tes quidem3 nam pl]ique non audiunt1 nec ulli magis laudant4444 scito eum pessime dic]e qui laudabitur maxime4 primus hunc audi5di morem induxit ,l>gus ,lic9us1 hact5us tam5 ut auditores corrog>et3 ita c]te ex ,qu9tiliano1 praeceptore meo1 audisse mem9i4 ,cp4 ,iuv4 vii4 #dd ) ,mayor's note4 ,i3#ai ,s$ e contr>io quoque accidit ut optime dictis gratiam prava iudicia non ref]ant4 ,lectio lib]a #bg e/ nec actionis impetu transcurrit1 s$ repet]e saepius licet1 sive dubites sive memoriae p5itus adfig]e velis4 ,repetamus autem et tractemus et1 ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus1 quo facilius dig]antur1 ita lectio non cruda1 s$ multa it]atione mollita et velut confecta memoriae imitationique tradatur4 #ai4 gratiam 444 non ref]unt3 #8a deprav$ ta/e w fail to give prop] recognition to :at is m ?an well spok54' ,= prava iud4 cp4 #abe sev]iora iudicia3 s ii4 #e1 #aj iudiciorum pravitate3 & #gb bel[1 e contr>io3 see on ex proximo #af1 & cp4 ,crit4 ,notes4 #bg nec actionis impetu transcurrit3 #8does n hurry pa/ u ) ! rapid swoop ( oral deliv]y4' ,= ! active use see #e #h non enim scripta lectione secura transcurrimus s$ tractamus s+ula1 :i* gives ! same anti!sis z !re is betwe5 ?is s5t5ce & ! next4 ,= ! abl4 cp4 div]sitate #e #aj4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 sive 444 sive3 ! subj4 ( ! #bnd p]son repres5ts ! ,fr5* on or ,g]m4 man ) ! #crd p]son4 ,cp4 ix4 #b1 #fi ideoque a quibusdam tota res repudiatur1 sive intellegatur sive non intellegatur4 repetamus et tractemus3 subj4 ( comm& #8we mu/ g back on :at we h read & revise 7?9k ov]7 x ?or\ghly4' ,cp4 ! anti!sis 9 #e #h quot$ above4 ,cic4 ,or4 #aah habeat omnes philosophiae notos ac tractatos locos4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 cibos4 ,note ! p>allelism betwe5 mansos1 liquefactos1 & demittimus on ! "o h&1 & mollita1 confecta1 tradatur on ! o!r4--,= mansos cp4 de ,or4 ii4 #afb3 qui omnes t5uissimas p>ticulas atque omnia m9ima mansa ut nutrices infantibus pu]is 9 os ins]ant4 ,! ^w m&]e 7,eng4 mange1 mang]7 means orig9ally #8moi/51' f root m&-1 cp4 mad-1 madeo4 ,qu9t4 xi4 #b1 #da ta$ium illud et scripta et lecta saepius revolv5di et quasi eundem cibum rem&5di4 dig]antur1 late ,lat9 = concoquantur1 xi4 #b1 #ce dige/um cibum4 ,introd4 p4 #a4 lectio #8:at we read4' mollita4 ,h]b/ & ,mayor cite ,ov4 ,met4 i4 #bbh atque ita sem9eces p>tim f]v5tibus artus ,mollit aquis2 & = confecta 7#8*ew$1' #8ma/icat$'7 ,columella vi4 #b #ad 7( ox57 multi cibi edaces v]um 9 eo confici5do l5ti3 nam hi melius concoquunt 444 qui ex commodo quam qui fe/9ant] m&unt3 ,pl9y1 ,n4 ,h4 xi4 #afj 7( ! tee?7 qui dig]unt cibum 7! incisors7 lati et acuti1 qui conficiunt 7! gr9d]s7 duplices4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,n4 ,d4 ii4 #acd3 ,livy ii4 #cb1 #aj4 ,else:]e x is us$ ( ! action ( ! /oma* on food3 ,cic4 ,n4 ,d4 ii4 #acg3 ,pl9y ,n4 ,h4 xi4 #ahj3 viii4 #gb4 memoriae imitationique1 #8to ! memory = 7subsequ5t7 imitation4' ,i3#bj ,ac diu non nisi optimus quisque et qui cr$5tem sibi m9ime fallat leg5dus e/1 s$ dilig5t] ac pa5e ad scrib5di sollicitud9em1 nec p] p>tes modo scrut&a omnia1 s$ p]lectus #bh lib] utique ex integro resum5dus1 praecipueque oratio1 cuius virtutes frequ5t] ex indu/ria quoque occultantur4 #bj4 non nisi is "h practically an adv]b 7tantum71 modify+ only "o t]m ( ! proposition in/ead (1 z 9 ,cic]onian ,lat91 belong+ to diff]5t clauses1 or at lea/ diff]5t p>ts ( ! same clause4 ,9 ! latt] case x is almo/ always sep>at$1 ! non prec$+ or foll[+ ! nisi3 #c #cj nisi 9 solitud9e rep]ire non possumus3 #e #e3 #g #a4 ,= ! text cp4 #c #bi non nisi refecti1 & ,ovid1 ,tr4 iii4 #ab1 #cf4 fallat1 i4e4 z a model ( /yle4 ,= ! con/ruction cp4 t5uia et quae m9imum ab usu cotidiano rec$ant3 #gh1 #aah1 #aai4 s$ does n be> an adv]sative mean+1 b is equival5t to et quidem1 immo v]o1 #8nay m4' ,see ,mayor on ,iuv4 iv4 #bg & v4 #adg4 ,hold5 on de ,(f4 i4 #cc quotes ad ,att4 v4 #ba #f ,q4 ,volusium1 c]tum hom9em1 s$ mirifice etiam ab/95tem1 misi 9 ,cyprum3 ad ,fam4 xiii4 #fd apud ipsum praecl>issime posu]is s$ mihi etiam gratissimum fec]is4 ad 7i4e4 usque ad7 scrib5di sollicitud9em1 i4e4 z ?or\ghly & z sl[ly4 ,cic4 pro ,mil4 #hj prope ad immortalitatis et religionem et memoriam consecrantur3 #8bis zur ,v]ehrung d] ,un/]bli*keit' 7,h&71 i4e4 #8s mu* v5]at$ z almo/ to obta9 ! religi\s wor%ip & commemoration prop] to an immortal /ate ( be+' 7,purton74 ,= scrib4 soll4 7( ! c>eful delib]ation "o gives to writ+7 cp4 scrib5tium curam #c #bj3 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #e #b 8 tu rogo int5tionem scrib5tis accommodes4 #bh utique1 #8by all means4' ,9 #eg we h nec utique nullo modo3 )\t ! negative x omni modo1 #8anyh[1' #8"u any circum/ances1' #8happ5 :at may4' 7,cp4 ,cic4 ad ,att4 xii4 #h3 xiii4 #dh1 #b47 ,! diff]5ce may be se5 9 ! foll[+ f ,s5eca 7,ep4 #he #ca7 ,sapi5ti propositum e/ 9 vita ag5da non utique quod temptat effic]e1 s$ omn9o recte fac]e3 gub]natori propositum e/ utique navem 9 portum p]duc]e4 ,x frequ5tly occurs ) ! g]undive1 z "h3 cp4 #bd1 #ajc3 #b #aj3 #e #ab3 #g #ad1 #ai1 #cj4 ,= non utique 7#8n ( c\rse1' #8n necess>ily'7 cp4 xii4 #b1 #ah4 ex integro occurs f\r times 9 ,qu9t41 "h & at #c #f1 #ah3 xi4 #c1 #aef4 ,9 su* adv]bial expressions de or ab 0 =m]ly m common3 b cp4 ex improviso ,cic4 ,v]r4 i4 #aab4 ,qu9tilian has de integro only once1 ii4 #d1 #ac3 cp4 ix4 #c1 #cg4 praecipue = praes]tim3 cp4 #hi3 & ) cum ix4 #b1 #he3 ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #bfa4 ex indu/ria 7#abe3 #e #i7 occurs ,plaut4 ,po54 i4 #b1 #i3 ,livy i4 #ef1 #h4 ,qu9tilian has de indu/ria ix4 #d1 #add4 quoque3 z (t5 9 ,qu9t4 = etiam4 ,cp4 on #abe3 ,introd4 p4 liv4 ,i3#ba ,saepe enim praep>at1 dissimulat1 insidiatur orator1 eaque 9 prima p>te actionis dicit quae sunt 9 summa pr(utura4 ,itaque suo loco m9us plac5t1 adhuc nobis qu>e dicta s9t ignorantibus2 ideoque erunt cognitis omnibus repet5da4 #ba4 saepe enim3 cp4 xii4 #i1 #d4 praep>at3 cp4 iv4 #b1 #ee hoc faciunt et illae praep>ationes1 cum reus dicitur robu/us1 armatus1 sollicitus contra infirmos1 in]mes1 securos3 ix4 #b1 #ag4 actionis z bel[ #bb3 #e #bj4 ,cp4 ,prima actio 9 ,v]rem1 c4 9 summa3 i4e4 w n tell till ! end is rea*$4 ,cp4 iv4 #b1 #aab cur quod 9 summa p>te sum actionis petiturus1 non 9 primo /atim r]um +ressu1 si fi]i pote/1 consequ>8 ,= summus extremus1 cp4 #ig summa 9 excol5dis op]ibus manus3 see ,introd4 p4 xlvi4 suo loco1 #8:]e !y occur1' n z #e #bc4 ,to appreciate su* po9ts ?or\ghly1 we mu/ "k _! be>+ on ! :ole argum5t4 ideoque v common 9 ,qu9t4 = itaque3 #bg1 #ca1 #ajb3 #b #ag1 #bf3 #c #af1 #be1 #bh1 #cc3 #e #e1 #af3 #f #c1 #e3 #g #ae4 ,s ,tac4 ,dial4 #ca ad f943 ,g]m4 #bf4 repet5da z #ai4 ,i3#bb ,illud v]o utilissimum1 nosse eas causas qu>um orationes 9 manus sumps]imus1 et1 quoti5s cont+et1 utrimque habitas leg]e actiones3 ut ,demo/h5is et ,aes*9is int] se contr>ias1 et ,s]vi ,sulpici atque ,messallae1 quorum alt] pro ,aufidia1 contra dixit alt]1 et ,pollionis et ,cassi reo ,aspr5ate aliasque plurimas4 #bb4 illud1 l to introduce :at foll[s3 #fg3 #b #g3 #e #aa3 #g #cb4 causas qu>um orationes3 ,cic4 de ,s5ect4 #ch caus>um illu/rium quascunque def5di nunc cum maxime conficio orationes4 utrimque1 #aca3 #e #bj4 ,demo/h5is et ,aes*9is4 ,! ref]5ce is to ! ,de ,corona ( ,demo/h5es & ,aes*9es ,contra ,ctesiphontem1--bo? translat$ by ,cic]o 7,opt4 ,g54 ,or4 #ad73 also to ! ,de ,falsa ,legatione & ,aes*9es ,contra ,tim>*um4 ,s]vi ,sulpici3 see on #aaf4 ,messallae3 see on #aac4 pro ,aufidia4 ,f iv4 #b1 #ajf x w\ld appe> t ,messalla 0 prosecutor 9 ?is case3 b 9 vi4 #a1 #bj t rle is assign$ to ,sulpicius4 ,s*ll has propos$ to alt] ! text ( ! latt] passage z foll[s3 ut ,s]vium ,sulpicium ,messalla contra ,aufidiam ne signatorum1 ne ipsius discrim5 obiciat sibi praemonet4 ,x is probable t ! case conc]n$ an inh]itance4 ,pollionis3 see on #aac4 ,cassi3 see on #aaf4 reo ,aspr5ate4 ,c4 ,nonius ,aspr5as1 a fri5d ( ,augu/us1 0 prosecut$ by ,cassius = poison+1 & 0 def5d$ by ,pollio1 ,suet4 ,aug4 #ef4 ,9 xi4 #a1 #eg ,qu9t4 urges t an accus] %\ld always #bi appe> reluctant to press ! *>ge1 & adds #8ideoque mihi illud ,cassi ,sev]i non m$iocrit] displicet3 di boni1 vivo1 et1 quo me viv]e iuvet1 ,aspr5atem reum video4' ,pl9y 7,n4 ,h4 #ce1 #df7 tells u t #acj gue/s 7 poison$4 ,i3#bc ,qu9 #bi etiam si m9us p>es videbuntur aliquae1 tam5 ad cognosc5dam litium quae/ionem recte requir5tur1 ut contra ,cic]onis orationes ,tub]onis 9 ,lig>ium et ,hort5si pro ,v]re4 ,qu9 etiam easdem causas ut quisque eg]it utile erit scire4 ,nam de domo ,cic]onis dixit ,calidius et pro ,milone orationem ,brutus ex]citationis gratia scripsit1 etiamsi egisse eum ,cornelius ,celsus falso exi/imat1 et ,pollio et ,messalla def5d]unt eosdem1 et nobis pu]is insignes pro ,volus5o ,catulo ,domiti ,afri1 ,crispi ,passi5i1 ,decimi ,laeli orationes f]ebantur4 #bc4 qu9 etiam3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 m9us p>es1 i4e4 9 po9t ( rhetorical wor?4 ,= si 444 aliquae cp4 #b #bc3 #f #e4 recte requir5tur1 i4e4 #8x w be well to get !m up4' ,cic]onis orationes3 #8pro ,lig>io1' & #89 ,v]rem4' ,! =m] 0 impea*$ by ,q4 ,tub]o 7,b4,c4 #df7 9 respect ( hav+ sid$ ) ! ,pompeians 9 ,africa4 #8,cic]o def5d$ him successfully be=e ,caes> 9 ! =um 7,plut4 ,cic4 #ci72 ! spee* 0 greatly admir$ at ! "t 7ad ,att4 xiii4 #ab #b3 #ai #b3 #bj #b3 #dd #c7 & s9ce1 =1 %ort z x is1 x is (t5 cit$ by ,qu9t4 & ! o!r rhet4 lat4' 7,mayor74 ,hort5si pro ,v]re1 ,b4,c4 #gj4 ,no?+ ( ,hort5sius rema9s1 s t po/]ity has n _h ! opportunity :i* ,cic]o hop$ x w\ld enjoy3 dic5di autem g5us quod fu]it 9 utroque orationes utriusque etiam po/]is no/ris indicabunt 7,brut4 #cbd74 ,qu9t4 does n m5tion him among ! ,roman orators1 #aje-abb4 ,8 oratory dep5d$ greatly = its effect on 8 graceful deliv]y1 & he 0 n to be judg$ by 8 writt5 spee*es3 ,cic4 ,or4 #acb dicebat melius quam scripsit ,hort5sius3 he #8spoke bett]1 i4q4 0 accu/om$ to speak bett] ?an he has writt51--?an he %[s himself 9 8 writt5 spee*es :i* are /ill extant' 7,s&ys73 cp4 ,qu9t4 xi4 #c1 #h :]e he extols 8 effective deliv]y & goes on #8cuius rei fides e/ quod eius scripta tantum intra famam sunt1 qua diu pr9ceps oratorum aliqu&o aemulus ,cic]onis exi/imatus e/1 novissime1 quoad vixit1 secundus1 ut app>eat placuisse aliquid eo dic5te quod leg5tes non inv5imus4'--,= o!r ref]5ces to ! case ( ,v]res1 see vi4 #c1 #ih3 #e1 #d4 utile erit scire3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 de domo ,cic]onis4 ,cic]o's h\se 0 de/roy$ at ! in/igation ( ,clodius1 aft] 8 bani%m5t 9 ,b4,c4 #eh4 ,on 8 return he deliv]$ 8 spee* pro ,domo ,sua be=e ! ,pontiffs1 & ! s5ate decre$ t 8 h\se %\ld be re/or$ at ! public co/4 dixit ,calidius4 ,8 spee* mu/ h be5 some?+ m ?an a m]e rhetorical ex]cise1 z "s h suppos$3 x probably argu$ ! "q be=e a tribunal 9 a diff]5t =m4 ,= ,calidius see ,brut4 #bgd non fuit orator unus e multis1 potius int] multos prope s+ul>is fuit1 c4 ,cp4 xi4 #c1 #abc & #aee3 xii4 #aj1 #aa subtilitatem ,calidii 7#8f9i%$ elegance'73 ib4 #cg4 ,he 0 born ,b4,c4 #ig2 0 praetor #eg2 & di$ #dg4 ,brutus1 ,m4 ,iunius 7,b4,c4 #he-db7 ju/ifi$ 9 ?is spee* ! murd] ( ,clodius1 n 7z ,cic]o _h done7 by ! /atem5t t ,clodius _h plott$ ,milo's dea?1 b on ! gr\nd t he 0 a bad citiz5 & des]v$ to die3 iii4 #f1 #ic4 ,o!r ref]5ces are #abc & #e #bj4 egisse3 to h actually deliv]$ x3 oppos$ to scripsit4 ,cornelius ,celsus3 see on #abd4 et ,pollio et ,messalla4 ,! fir/ et is n correlative to ! second1 b adds to ! et pro ,milone clause a ?ird example1 z ! et be=e nobis pu]is does a f\r?4 ,spald+ ?\ght t et 444 et 0 "h tam 444 quam4 def5d]unt eosdem3 e4g4 ,liburnia ix4 #b1 #cd4 nobis pu]is3 an autobiographical rem9isc5ce4 ,cp4 i4 #g1 #bg3 vi4 #c1 #eg3 viii4 #c1 #bb-c3 ib4 #a1 #ca3 x4 #a1 #hf3 viii4 #c1 #gf3 #e1 #ba3 i4 #e1 #bd3 v4 #f1 #f4 ,volus5o ,catulo3 n m5tion$ else:]e4 ,domiti ,afri3 see on #hf1 #aah4 ,( #cj 8 orations1 ^? on behalf ( ,volus5us & ,cloatilla seem to h be5 ! mo/ celebrat$3 cp4 viii4 #e1 #af3 ix4 #b1 #bj3 #c1 #ff4 ,= 8 "w on ,te/imony1 see v4 #g1 #g3 & = 8 #8libri urbane dictorum' vi4 #c1 #db4 ,crispi ,passi5i4 ,he 0 ! /epfa!r ( ,n]o1 accord+ to ,suetonius 7,n]o1 #f71 & di$ ,a4,d4 #di4 ,9 vi4 #a1 #ej we h a ref]5ce to a spee* ( 8 on behalf ( 8 wife ,domitia4 ,s5eca1 ,nat4 ,quae/4 iv4 pr4 #f says ( him #8quo ego nil novi subtilius 9 omnibus rebus1 maxime 9 di/+u5dis et cur&is vitiis4' ,9 speak+ ( ,caligula's obsequi\sness "u ,tib]ius1 ,tacitus 7,ann4 vi4 #bj7 says #8unde mox scitum ,passi5i oratoris dictum p]crebruit neque meliorem umquam s]vum neque det]iorem dom9um fuisse4' ,8 fa!r's oratory is highly prais$ by ,m4 ,s5eca1 :o ranks him aft] ,pollio & ,corv9us 7,contr4 #ac1 #ag3 ,exc4 ,contr4 #c pr4 #aj1 #ad71 & appe>s also to m5tion ! gr&fa!r 7,contr4 #aj pr4 #aa74 ,s5eca ! philosoph] ref]s to ! h]$it>y eloqu5ce ( ! family 9 ! epigram he addresses to ,crispus3 ,maxima facundo vel avo vel gloria patri 7vi4 #i74 ,pl9y1 ,ep4 vii4 #f1 #aa4 ,decimi ,laeli3 probably ! same z ! ,laelius ,balbus :o und]took an impea*m5t "u ,tib]ius3 ,tac4 ,ann4 vi4 #dg4 ,9 ! next *apt] we are told t ! puni%m5t :i* ov]took him 7deportation & loss ( s5atorian rank7 0 a s\rce ( satisfaction #8quia ,balbus truci eloqu5tia habebatur1 promptus adv]sum insontes4' f]ebantur3 #87 9 circulation1' #87 talk$ ('2 cp4 #abi3 #g #cj3 vii4 #bbd3 i4 pr4 #g4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bg ante ,p]iclem cuius scripta qua$am f]untur3 ,suet4 ,iul4 #bj3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #aj ad f94 #cj ,i3#bd ,neque id /atim leg5ti p]suasum sit1 omnia quae optimi auctores dix]9t utique esse p]fecta4 ,nam et labuntur aliqu&o et on]i c$unt et indulg5t +5iorum suorum voluptati1 nec semp] int5dunt animum2 nonnumquam fatigantur1 cum ,cic]oni dormit>e int]im ,demo/h5es1 ,horatio v]o #ca etiam ,hom]us ipse videatur4 #bd4 ,neque id /atim introduces a second precept1 ! fir/ hav+ be5 giv5 9 #bj4 ,he passes "h f orators to writ]s 9 g5]al4 id ( :at foll[s 7omnia 444 esse p]fecta73 z #cg1 #aab3 #b #ba4 ,s illud #bb4 auctores scriptores4 ,9 ! ,cic]onian age auctor c>ri$ ) x "s idea ( #8au?ority1' #8w>ranty' or ! l3 ,cic4 pro ,mur4 #cj & ,tusc4 iv4 #c3 cp4 #cg1 #dj1 #dh1 #ff1 #gb1 #gd1 #he1 #ic1 #abd3 #b #a1 #ae3 #e #c1 #h4 ,pr(4 ,nettle%ip 7,lat4 ,lex47 ?9ks t x is nev] q synonym\s ) scriptor1 ev5 9 ,qu9tilian1 & w\ld r5d] by #8ma/]'3 j z 9 ,cic4 ,att4 xii4 #ah1 #a quos nunc lectito auctores3 ,suet4 ,aug4 #hi 9 evolv5dis utriusque l+uae auctoribus p]itus3 ,s54 ,ep4 ii4 #b lectio auctorum multorum et omnis g5]is volum9um3 ,tranq4 #i1 #d paucis te auctoribus trad]e3 ,iuv4 vii4 #bca ut legat hi/orias1 auctores nov]it omnes4 utique3 see on #bj4 ,x is (t5 us$ 9 /at+ a consequ5ce3 v4 #aj1 #eg quod iu/itia e/ utique virtus e/1 quod non e/ iu/itia pote/ esse virtus3 ib4 #gc si cont95tia virtus utique et ab/95tia4 ,bonn4 ,lex4 p4 #icj4 labuntur3 #id3 #b #ae nam 9 magnis quoque auctoribus incidunt aliqua vitiosa4 on]i c$unt3 contra/ #abc suffecit pond]i r]um4 indulg5t 444 voluptati3 cp4 #ih3 & nimium amator +5ii sui 7( ,ovid7 #hh4 int5dunt animum3 ,sall4 ,cat4 #ea1 #c ubi int5d]is +5ium valet 7sc4 animus74 dormit>e3 xii4 #a1 #bb quamquam neque ipsi ,cic]oni ,demo/h5es videatur satis esse p]fectus1 quem dormit>e int]im dicit4 ,cic4 ,or4 #ajd ut usque eo difficiles ac morosi simus ut nobis non satisfaciat ipse ,demo/h5es4 ,x 0 9 a lett] t ,cic]o made use ( ! expression "h cit$3 ,plut4 ,cic4 #bd 1 1 4 int]im3 see on #i4 ,qu9t4 "h uses aliqu&o1 nec semp]1 nonnumquam1 & int]im alongside ( ea* o!r3 cp4 iv4 #e1 #bj4 ,horatio3 ,a4 ,p4 #cei et idem indignor qu&oque bonus dormitat ,hom]us4 ,hom] 0 n above ! criticism ( ! ,greek gramm>ians & philosoph]s1 :o delight$ to discov] faults & inconsi/5cies #ca 9 8 poems3 h5ce ,zoilus 0 kn[n z 4 ,! fragm5ts ( ,horace's pr$ecessor ,lucilius also conta9 "s criticisms ( ,hom]3 e4g4 ,sat4 ix4 #ab 7,g]la*7 ,quapropt] dico nemo qui culpat ,hom]um ,p]petuo culpat1 c41 & xv4 :]e he satirizes ! /ory ( ,polyphemus4 etiam 444 ipse3 see on #ae4 ,i3#be ,summi enim sunt1 hom9es tam51 acciditque 8 qui1 quidquid apud illos repp]]unt1 dic5di legem putant1 ut det]iora imit5tur 7id enim e/ facilius7 ac se abunde similes put5t si vitia magnorum consequantur4 #be4 hom9es4 ,cp4 ,petronius #ge nemo no/rum non peccat3 hom9es sumus non dei3 ib4 #acj fateor me1 dom9a1 saepe peccasse2 nam et homo sum et adhuc iuv5is4 det]iora3 cp4 #abg sq4 7( ! imitation ( ,s5eca's faults73 #b #ae1 #af4 facilius3 ,iuv4 xiv4 #dj quoniam dociles imit&is turpibus ac pravis omnes sumus4 ,s ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #ai1 #ag decipit exempl> vitiis imitabile4 abunde1 (t5 us$ to height5 ! =ce ( adjs4 & advbs4 ,cp4 xi4 #a1 #cf abunde dis]tus3 xii4 #aa1 #ai abunde satis3 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #b1 #ei3 ,sall4 ,iug4 #ad3 ,liv4 viii4 #bi4 ,see on #id3 & cp4 #ajd4 vitia magnorum3 cp4 de ,or4 ii4 #ij non ut multos imitatores saepe cognovi1 qui aut ea quae facilia sunt aut etiam illa quae insignia ac pa5e vitiosa consectantur imit&o--9 eo ipso quem deleg]at imit>i etiam vitia voluit4 ,i3#bf ,mode/o tam5 et circumspecto iudicio de tantis viris pronunti&um e/1 ne1 quod pl]isque accidit1 damn5t quae non intellegunt4 ,ac si necesse e/ 9 alt]am err>e p>tem1 omnia eorum leg5tibus plac]e quam multa displic]e malu]im4 #bf4 circumspecto4 ,s v]ba non circumspecta ,ov4 ,fa/4 v4 #eci3 also 9 ,sueton41 ,colum41 ,s5eca1 & ,val4 ,max4 ,cp4 v4 #g1 #ca3 xii4 #aj1 #bc4 pl]isque3 see ,introd4 p4 xlvi4 damn5t4 ,/rabo vii4 #c1 p4 #cjj1 9 speak+ ( ,callima*us1 :o c5sur$ ,hom]1 1 4 ac si3 #b #h4 ,x almo/ quod si3 bo? relate to :at has gone be=e4 alt]am alt]utram3 #8on "o side or on ! o!r4' ,cp4 ii4 #f1 #b3 v4 #aj1 #fi ex duobus quorum necesse e/ alt]um v]um 7esse73 i4 #d1 #bd3 ix4 #c1 #f4 ,s also 9 ,cic]o3 e4g4 ad ,att4 xi4 #ah1 #a3 ,acad4 ii4 #dc4 #acb4 malu]im3 see on fu]it #cg4 ,i3#bg ,plurimum dicit oratori conf]re ,!ophra/us lectionem poet>um multique eius iudicium sequuntur1 neque imm]ito4 ,namque ab 8 9 rebus spiritus et 9 v]bis sublimitas et 9 #cb adfectibus motus omnis et 9 p]sonis decor petitur1 praecipueque velut attrita cotidiano actu =5si +5ia optime r]um talium bl&itia rep>antur2 ideoque 9 hac lectione ,cic]o requiesc5dum putat4 #bg4 conf]re ) dat4 #fc1 #ga1 #ie4 ,cp4 on #a4 ,!op>a/us3 probably 9 8 lo/ "w 1 or "s o!r ( ! t5 treatises on ,rhetoric :i* are ascrib$ to him by ,diog5es ,la]tius 7v4 #df-ej74 ,see on #hc4 neque imm]ito3 #8& n )\t reason1'--an elliptical expression 7ref]r+ to bo? dicit & sequuntur7 us$ to introduce ! pro( ( a =ego+ /atem5t4 ,s #gi nec imm]ito1 & ii4 #h1 #a3 neque imm]ito vii4 #g1 #a3 et m]ito vi4 #a1 #d4 ,cic]o (t5 has neque iniuria1 nam1 c41 e4g4 de ,or4 i4 #aej3 & ev5 aft] e/ pro ,sext4 ,rosc4 #aaf 9 rebus m9oribus socium fall]e turpissimum e/3 neque iniuria4 ab 8 444 petitur3 #8x is to ! poets t we mu/ g =1' c4 rebus4 ,see on #d4 spiritus3 #dd1 #fa1 #ajd3 #c #bb3 #e #d3 #8inspiration4' ,s (t5 9 ,horace3 ,od4 iv4 #f1 #bi spiritum ,phoebus mihi 444 d$it poetae3 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #df quod ac] spiritus ac vis ,nec v]bis nec rebus ine/4 ,cp4 also i4 #h1 #e int]im et sublimitate h]oi c>m9is animus adsurgat et ex magnitud9e r]um spiritum ducat et optimis imbuatur4 9 v]bis sublimitas3 #8elevation ( language4' ,cp4 viii4 #f1 #aa4 ,s ! au?or ( ! treatise #8,on ! ,sublime' makes sublimity atta9able by ! imitation & emulation ( ! great writ]s & poets ( =m] days3 #ac #b4 9 adfectibus motus omnis4 ,poetry #cb %[s h[ to appeal to e feel+ ( our emotional nature4 ,= adfectus see vi4 #b1 #g1 :]e ! two divisions are giv51 & 4 ,cp4 #dh1 #ec1 #ee1 #fh1 #ajg3 #b #bg3 #g #ad1 #ae4 9 p]sonis decor3 #8! appropriate treatm5t ( ! *>act]s1' a s5se ( :at ! fitness ( ?+s dem&s 9 adapt+ spee* to ! p]sons to :om x relates4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,or4 #gj-ga especially semp]que 9 omni p>te orationis ut vitae quid deceat e/ consid]&um2 quod et 9 re de qua agitur positum e/1 et 9 p]sonis et eorum qui dicunt et eorum qui audiunt4 ,?is #8propriety' 0 always mu* prais$ 9 ,lysias1 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #aef-g4 ,cp4 #fb1 #ga3 #b #bg1 #bb3 vi4 #a1 #be prosopopoeiae1 id e/ fictae ali5>um p]son>um orationes quales litigatoris ore dicit patronus 7e4g4 ,cic]o pro ,milone #ic74 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #hg s$ tum s]v>e illud poetas quod deceat dicimus cum id quod quaque p]sona dignum e/ et fit et dicitur1 c4 ,de ,or4 iii4 #baj-baa4 attrita cotidiano actu4 #e #ad alitur enim atque enitescit velut pabulo laetiore facundia et adsidua cont5tionum asp]itate fatigata r5ovatur4 ,s i4 #h1 #aa3 videmus 444 ins]i v]sus summa non eruditionis modo gratia1 s$ etiam iucunditatis1 cum poeticis voluptatibus aures a =5si asp]itate respir5t4 ,petronius *4 #e int]dum subducta =o det pag9a v]sum3 #aah =5sibus m9i/]iis ex]citati frequ5t] ad c>m9is tranquillitatem tamquam ad portum feliciorem refug]unt4 ,s ,tac4 ,dial4 #ac me v]o dulces1 ut ,v]gilius ait1 ,musae1 c43 cp4 #c & #d4 ,pl94 ,ep4 viii4 #d1 #d4--;,= attrita cp4 viii4 pr4 #b +5ia 444 asp]iorum tractatu r]um att]untur3 = ! spell+ cotidie see i4 #g1 #f4 ,cic]o1 pro ,ar*4 #ab ,qua]es a nobis1 ,grati1 cur tanto op]e hoc hom9e delectemur4 ,quia supp$itat nobis ubi et animus ex hoc =5si /repitu reficiatur et aures convicio defessae conquiescant4 ,i3#bh ,mem9]imus tam5 non p] omnia poetas esse oratori sequ5dos nec lib]tate v]borum nec lic5tia figur>um3 poeticam o/5tationi comp>atam et praet] id quod solam petit voluptatem1 eamque etiam f+5do non falsa modo s$ etiam qua$am incr$ibilia sectatur1 patroc9io quoque aliquo iuv>i1 #bh4 non p] omnia1 c4 #b #ba-bb4 lib]tate v]borum1 #bi3 #e #d4 lic5tia figur>um see exx4 9 #ab1 ) note on figuramus3 cp4 #bi4 o/5tationi comp>atam4 ,poetry is #8epideictic' 9 "*3 & ( ! ,qu9t4 says 7iii4 #d1 #ac7 non tam demon/rationis vim hab]e quam o/5tationis videtur4 ,=5sic oratory1 l ev]y?+ else t has an imm$iate & practical aim1 _c af=d to set su* /ore on #8beauty ( pres5tation4' ,cp4 ii4 #aj1 #aj3 iv4 #c1 #b3 viii4 #c1 #aa4 ,cic4 ,orat4 #cg1 #ch1 #db4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes = poeticam4 praet] id quod = ! m classical praet]quam quod 7:i* only occurs twice 9 ,qu9t474 ,s #b #bf3 #c #f3 cp4 #hj ob hoc quod3 #ajh 9 hoc quod3 #c #ah ex eo quod4 f+5do 444 falsa4 ,hild cites ,ari/4 ,poet4 #i & #bd2 especially 7( ,hom]7 444 4 patroc9io3 i4 #ab1 #af difficultatis patroc9ia praeteximus segnitiae4 ,poetry has ! b5efit ( a sort ( #8pr]ogative1' z comp>$ ) hi/ory4 ,krg] expla9s esse quae huic g5]i patroc95tur1 unde def5sionem et excusationem petat poet>um lic5tia4 ,! idea ( #8def5ce' implies #8ju/ification'3 & mu* t c\ld be ju/ifi$ & v9dicat$ 9 ! poet w\ld be )\t excuse 9 ! orator4 ,i3#bi quod adligata ad c]tam p$um necessitatem #cc non semp] uti propriis possit1 s$ depulsa recta via necess>io ad eloqu5di qua$am dev]ticula confugiat1 nec mut>e qua$am modo v]ba1 s$ ext5d]e1 conrip]e1 conv]t]e1 divid]e cogatur3 nos v]o armatos />e 9 acie et summis de rebus dec]n]e et ad victoriam niti4 #bi4 adligata1 #c #aj4 ,= ! #8re/ra9ts ( metre' cp4 i4 #h1 #ad s]vire metro coguntur 7poetae74 ,cic4 de ,or4 i4 #gj e/ enim f9itimus oratori poeta1 num]is a/rictior paulo v]borum autem lic5tia lib]ior4 ,or4 #fg cum sit v]su a/rictior 7poeta74 #cc propriis1 sc4 v]bis3 v4 on #f4 ,direct1 natural1 & un>tificial language is meant1 z oppos$ to metaphorical4 dev]ticula3 #8by-ways' ( expression4 ,! ^w lit]ally means a lane turn+ (f f a highway 7ii4 #c1 #i recto it9]e lassi pl]umque dev]tunt73 & s metaphorically xii4 #c1 #aa3 ix4 #b1 #gh3 ,livy ix4 #ag1 #a4 mut>e includes all *anges 9 ! use ( words1 & cov]s bo? lib]tas v]borum & lic5tia figur>um3 e4g4 #8mucro' = #8gladius4' ext5d]e & conrip]e are us$ ( syllables3 conv]t]e & divid]e ( words4 ,an in/ance ( #8l5g!n+' 7ext5d]e7 is #8indup]ator' = imp]ator3 ( #8contract+' 7conrip]e7 #8p]iclum' = p]iculum4 ,mayor takes x ( quantity only1 & comp>es i4 #e1 #ah3 #f1 #cb3 ix4 #d1 #hi3 #c1 #fi3 vii4 #i1 #ac4 ,z an in/ance ( #8transposition' 7! removal ( words f _! usual ord]7 we may take #8collo d>e brac*ia circum' = circumd>e collum brac*iis1 or #8tran/ra p] et remos'3 & = divid]e 7sep>ation by tmesis7 #8hyp]boreo septem subiecta trioni' 7viii4 #f1 #ff7 & o!r in/ances f ,v]gil 7e4g4 ,a54 i4 #faj #8quae me cumque vocant t]rae'74 nos3 #8we advocates4' ,= ! figure 9 armatos />e see on #d a?leta4 ,cp4 ,or4 #db v]um haec ludorum atque pompae2 nos autem iam 9 aciem dimicationemque v5iamus4 ,mayor cites also ii4 #aj1 #h3 vi4 #d1 #ag3 ,cic4 ,opt4 ,g54 ,or4 #ag3 de ,or4 i4 #adg1 #aeg3 ii4 #id3 de ,legg4 iii4 #ad3 ,brut4 #bbb3 ,introd4 p4 lvi4 dec]n]e1 ano!r milit>y figure3 cp4 ,cic4 de ,or4 ii4 #bjj pro mea omni fama prope =tunisque dec]n]e4 ,see on decretoriis #e #bj3 & cp4 xii4 #g1 #e4 ,i3#cj ,neque ego arma squal]e situ ac rubig9e velim1 s$ fulgorem 9 iis esse qui t]reat1 qualis e/ f]ri1 quo m5s simul visusque prae/r+itur1 non qualis auri arg5tique1 imbellis et potius hab5ti p]iculosus4 #cd #cj4 ,neque ego velim3 #8& yet ,i %\ld n l4' ,! same adv]sative s5se ( neque b n 7else:]e /r5g!n$ by rursus7 is f\nd #hj3 #e #e3 #g #d4 ,= ego 7ergo87 see ,crit4 ,notes4 arma4 ,de ,orat4 i4 #cb ,quid autem tam necess>ium quam t5]e semp] arma quibus vel tectus ipse esse possis vel provoc>e improbos 7conj4 integ]7 vel te ulcisci lacessitus8 ,tac4 ,dial4 #e quid e/ tutius quam eam ex]c]e artem qua semp] armatus praesidium amicis1 opem ali5is1 salutem p]iclitantibus1 invidis v]o inimicis metum et t]rorem ultro f]as8 444 s9 proprium p]iculum increpuit1 non h]cule lorica et gladius 9 acie firmius munim5tum quam reo et p]iclitanti eloqu5tia praesidium simul ac telum1 quo propugn>e p>it] et incess]e sive 9 iudicio sive 9 s5atu sive apud pr9cipem possis4 ,s #8arma facundiae' ii4 #af1 #aj & (t54 situs1 ! #8ru/' or #8m\ld' t comes f be+ let alone 7s9o71 z (t5 9 ,v]gil1 e4g4 segnem pati]e situ duresc]e campum ,georg4 i4 #gb3 loca s5ta situ ,a54 vi4 #dfb4 ,s i4 #b1 #ah qu5dam velut 9 opaco situm ducit3 xii4 #e1 #b4 fulgorem 444 qui t]reat3 viii4 #c1 #c nec =tibus modo s$ etiam fulg5tibus armis proeliatur4 ,hor4 ,c>4 ii4 #a1 #ai-bj iam fulgor armorum fugaces t]ret equos equitumque voltus4 ,mayor cites also ,veget4 ii4 #ad3 a cavalry (fic] mu/ make 8 m5 (t5 sc\r _! cuirasses1 helmets & pikes3 plurimum enim t]roris ho/ibus armorum spl5dor importat4 quis cr$at militem bellicosum cuius dissimulatione situ ac rubig9e arma fo$antur8 f]ri3 viii4 #c1 #e nam et f]rum adf]t oculis t]roris aliquid1 et fulm9a ipsa non tam nos confund]5t si vis eorum tantum non etiam ipse fulgor tim]etur4 quo1 sc4 fulgore4 prae/r+itur #ib4 ,cic4 de ,f94 iv4 #cg aciem animorum no/rorum virtutis spl5dore prae/r+itis3 & ) ut ita dicam to s(t5 ! metaphor de ,s54 #db m5tis ut ita dicam prae/r+it oculos 7sc4 voluptas47 auri arg5tique 444 p]iculosus4 ,! practical speak] w\ld only prejudice #cd 8 case by ! use ( ornam5t :i*1 z 9 poetry1 makes o/5tatio & voluptas 7#bh7 its *ief object4 ,! comm5tators cite ,livy ix4 #ag1 #af ( ,d>ius3 int] purpuram atque aurum1 on]atum =tunae app>atibus suae1 pra$am v]ius quam ho/em 444 incru5tus devicit 7sc4 ,alex&]73 ib4 #dj #d militem 444 non caelatum auro et arg5to s$ f]ro et animis fretum3 s ,livy x4 #ci p] 444 aurata scuta transire ,romanum pilum3 cp4 ,aes*4 ,septem c4 ,?4 #cig4 ,curt4 iii4 #aj #i1 #aj aciem ho/ium auro purpuraque fulg5tem intu]i iubebat1 pra$am non arma ge/antem1 ir5t et imbellibus fem9is aurum viri erip]5t4 potius is us$ pretty mu* z saepius 7#8(t5] ?an n'7 bel[ #cb4 ,krg] takes x closely ) hab5ti 7sc4 quam adv]s>io74 ,?is is bett] ?an ,hild's quam utilis4 ,i3#ca ,hi/oria quoque al]e oratorem quodam ub]i iucundoque suco pote/2 v]um et ipsa sic e/ leg5da ut sciamus pl]asque eius virtutes oratori esse vit&as4 ,e/ enim proxima poetis et #ce quodam modo c>m5 solutum1 et scribitur ad n>r&um1 non ad prob&um1 totumque opus non ad actum rei pugnamque praes5tem1 s$ ad memoriam po/]itatis et +5ii famam componitur2 ideoque et v]bis remotioribus et lib]ioribus figuris n>r&i ta$ium evitat4 #ca4 ,hi/oria #gc-ge3 #aja-ajd2 ii4 #d1 #b apud rhetorem initium sit hi/oria1 tanto robu/ior quanto v]ior3 ib4 #e #a3 #h #g3 iii4 #h1 #fg3 xii4 #d4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #bja monum5ta r]um ge/>um et vetu/atis exempla oratori nota esse 7deb5t73 ii4 #ea-fd1 :]e ,antonius disc\rses on hi/ory3 ,or4 #ff huic g5]i hi/oria f9itima e/1 9 qua et n>ratur ornate et regio saepe aut pugna describitur2 int]ponuntur etiam contiones et hortationes1 s$ 9 8 tracta qua$am et flu5s expetitur1 non haec contorta et acris oratio1--( ! fl[+ smoo?ness ( #8hi/orical oratory' z aga9/ ! compact & incisive /yle ( actual public speak+4 ,pl9y ,ep4 v4 #h #i habet quidem oratio et hi/oria multa communia1 s$ plura div]sa 9 8 ipsis quae communia vid5tur4 ,n>rat illa1 n>rat haec1 s$ alit]3 huic pl]aque humilia et sordida et ex m$io petita1 illi omnia recondita spl5dida excelsa conv5iunt3 hanc saepius ossa musculi n]vi1 illam tori quidam et quasi iubae dec5t3 haec vel maxime vi am>itud9e in/antia1 illa tractu et suavitate atque etiam dulc$9e placet4 ,po/remo alia v]ba1 alius sonus1 alia con/ructio4 ,nam plurimum ref]t1 ut ,?ucydides ait1 sit an 2 quorum alt]um oratio1 alt]um hi/oria e/4--,! relation ( ?is la/ passage to ! text is discuss$ by ,eussn] 9 ,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 xvii4 vol4 #i1 pp4 #cia-cic4 ,he rightly insi/s 7z aga9/ de la ,beye7 t 9 ,pl9y illa1 illi1 illam ref] to hi/oria1 haec1 huic1 hanc to oratio4 suco1 #8sap'3 ,donatus on ,t]4 ,eun4 ii4 #c1 #g 7#8corpus solidum et suci pl5um'7 expla9s sucus z #8humor 9 corpore quo abundant b5e val5tes4' ,cic]o (t5 uses ! same figure3 de ,or4 ii4 #ic 7,critias ,!ram5es ,lysias7 ret9ebant illum ,p]icli sucum1 s$ erant paulo ub]iore filo3 ib4 #hh3 iii4 #if3 ,brut4 #cf sucus ille et sanguis incorruptus3 & ad ,att4 iv4 #af c #aj amisimus 444 omnem non modo sucum ac sangu9em s$ etiam colorem et speciem pri/9ae civitatis4--,= ub]i see ,crit4 ,notes4 et ipsa3 l poetry 9 #bh3 1 #8likewise4' ,= ! mu* debat$ "q :e!r et ipse 0 us$ by ,cic]o see ! note 9 ,ngelsba*1 pp4 #cff-cfg1 f :i* x w appe> t no conclusive in/ance c be cit$3 ,m]guet gives only pro ,rosc4 ,am4 #dh qui et ipsi inc5si sunt /udio1 :]e1 h[ev]1 ! et is n[ g5]ally disconnect$ f ipsi & ref]r$ to ! foll[+ vitamque ru/icam arbitrantur4 ,9 all o!r passages et seems to h be5 int]polat$ 9 con=mity ) ! lat] usage4--8,livy (t5 uses et ipse mean+ #8on 8 "p' or #8z well1' 9 cases :]e x is impli$ t ! pr$icate or attribute ( ! subject express$ is common !reto ) a subject unexpress$ save 9 ! context1 e4g4 xxi4 #ag1 #g ,cornelio m9us copi>um datum1 quia ,l4 ,manlius praetor et ipse cum haud invalido praesidio 9 ,galliam mittebatur1 #8,manlius 0 be+ s5t z well 7z ,cornelius7'2 i4 pr4 #c iuvabit tam5 r]um ge/>um memoriae pr9cipis t]r>um populi pro virili p>te et ipsum consuluisse4 #8,i %all be glad to h done my "p 7z well z o!rs7 = ,roman hi/ory4' ,9 ea* case ! words 9 "q are equival5t to a v /rong etiam40--,fausset on ,cic4 pro ,clu5t4 #ada4--;,= o!r exx4 see #e #d1 #bj3 #f #a3 #g #bf4 sic 444 ut3 #89 read+ hi/ory we mu/ be> 9 m9d1' c4 vit&as3 cp4 #b #ba4 ,cic4 ,or4 #fh seiunctus igitur orator a philosophorum eloqu5tia1 a sophi/>um1 ab hi/oricorum1 #ce a poet>um1 explic&us e/ nobis qualis futurus sit4 poetis poet>um op]ibus4 ,! metonymy "h is motiv$ by ,qu9tilian's avoidance ( poesis 7cp4 on #bh74 ,_m su* exx4 occur 9 ,cic]o3 e4g4 de ,or4 ii4 #d no/rorum hom9um prud5tiam ,graecis 7,graecorum prud5tiae7 antef]re4 ,9 ^! & simil> in/ances ! prop]ty ( "o ?+ is comp>$ 7by comp>atio comp5di>ia71 n ) ! prop]ty ( ano!r ?+ b ) ! ?+ itself1 to :i* ! prop]ty belongs4 ,s ,pl9y ,ep4 i4 #af1 #c orationes eius 444 facile cuilibet vet]um 444 comp>abis4 ,cp4 ,hold5's note on de ,(f4 i4 #gf3 ,madvig #bhj1 obs4 #b4--;,cp4 ! passage 9 ,ari/otle's ,poetics 7*4 ix47 on ! relations ( ,poetry to ,hi/ory4 ,dosson ref]s to ,dion4 ,hal4 de ,?ucyd4 ,iud4 *4 li4 ad f941 & ,lucian's 4 4 #dd-gi4 ,= e/ enim1 see ,crit4 ,notes4 solutum1 sc4 necessitate p$um #bi4 opus3 ! :ole class ( "w3 see on #i4 ad actum rei ad rem ag5dam1 ! do+ or p]=mance ( a ?+4 ,cp4 #bg actu =5si3 #f #a int] m$ios r]um actus 7:]e see note73 vii4 #b1 #da3 ii4 #ah1 #a actus op]is4 ,s ,pl94 ,ep4 ix4 #be1 #c me r]um actus 444 di/r+it3 ,suet4 ,aug4 #gh residua diurni actus4 ,9 ,suet4 ,aug4 #cb actus r]um is us$ specially ( judicial proce$+s3 cp4 ,claud4 #ae3 ,n]o #ag4 ,s actus alone came to mean ! me?od foll[$ 9 su* proce$+s1 ,trajan ap4 ,pl94 ,ep4 x4 #ig 7,nettle%ip1 ,lat4 ,lex474--,note ! *ia/ic con/ruction1 actum rei correspond+ ) +5ii famam & pugnam praes4 ) memor4 po/]itatis4 pugnam praes5tem #bi4 ,s ad pugnam =5sem 77 v4 #ab1 #ag4 ,cp4 :at ,?ucydides says ( 8 hi/ory i4 #bb1 #d 1--ref]r$ to 9 ! passage quot$ above f ,pl9y ,ep4 v4 #h1 #i-aa4 ad memoriam po/]itatis et +5ii famam4 ,pl9y l4c4 #a mihi pul*rum 9 primis videtur non pati occid]e quibus aet]nitas debeatur aliorumque famam cum sua ext5d]e4 ,9 vii4 #ag1 #c he looks less to ! la/ elem5t3 non o/5tationi s$ fidei v]itatique componitur4 ,hild quotes ,livy ,pr4 #c et si 9 tanta scriptorum turba mea fama 9 obscuro sit1 c43 & ,cic4 ,brut4 #ib :]e ,cic]o1 speak+ ( "s orators1 says memoriam autem 9 po/]um +5ii sui non desid]ant4--,= memoria po/]itatis cp4 #da1 #ajd3 #g #cj3 i4 #aj1 #i3 vi4 #a1 #bb3 xii4 #aa1 #c3 ,pl94 ,ep4 v4 #h1 #b4 remotioribus ab usu remotis iv4 #b #cf3 viii4 #b1 #ab4 ,cp4 lib]tate v]borum #bh4 evitat1 #8seeks to avoid1' a pres5t ( endeav\r4 ,i3#cb ,itaque1 ut dixi1 neque illa ,sallu/iana brevitas1 qua nihil apud aures vacuas atque eruditas pote/ esse p]fectius1 apud occupatum v>iis cogitationibus iudicem et saepius in]uditum capt&a nobis e/1 neque illa #cf ,livi lactea ub]tas satis docebit eum qui non speciem expositionis1 s$ fidem qua]it4 #cb4 ut dixi4 ,cp4 iv4 #b1 #de vit&a e/ etiam illa ,sallu/iana 444 brevitas et abruptum s]monis g5us3 quod otiosum =tasse lectorem m9us fallat1 audi5tem transvolat1 nec dum p]cipiatur expectat1 cum praes]tim lector non f]e sit nisi eruditus1 iudicem rura pl]umque 9 decurias mittant1 de eo pronuntiaturum quod intellex]it4 #ajb illam immortalem ,sallu/i velocitatem4--,s ,cic]o1 speak+ ( ,?ucydides1 says #8nihil ab eo transf]ri pote/ ad =5sem usum et publicum1' ,or4 #cj3 cp4 ,brut4 #bhg4 vacuas is oppos$ to #8occupatum v>iis cogitationibus1' j z eruditas is to #8saepius in]uditum4' ,cp4 si vacet #ij3 #c #bg4 ,! ^w is frequ5tly us$ 9 ?is s5se1 bo? 9 poetry & prose1 e4g4 ,lucr4 i4 #ej3 ! opposite occupatae aures occurs ,livy xlv4 #ai1 #i3 cp4 ,tac4 ,hi/4 iv4 #ag arrip]5t vacui occupatos4 saepius in]uditum4 ,s9ce ,augu/us add$ to ! ?ree #8iudicum decuriae' a f\r? to judge ( m9or cases 7qu>tam ex inf]iore c5su quae 444 iudic>et de levioribus summis ,suet4 ,aug4 #cb71 ?is (fice fell into disrepute4 ,caligula aft]w>ds rais$ ! numb] to five3 ,calig4 #af4 #cf ,z ) u1 x 0 n consid]$ necess>y t ! juror :o 0 to say #8,guilty' or #8,n ,guilty' 79 ! iudicia publica7 %\ld be le>n$ 9 ! law1 or ev5 t he %\ld be an educat$ man4--,cp4 ! quotation above f iv4 #b1 #de cum 444 iudicem rura pl]umque 9 decurias mittant4 ,s v4 #ad1 #bi saepius apud omn9o imp]itos atque ill>um c]te ign>os litt]>um loqu5dum e/3 cp4 xii4 #aj1 #ec4 ,mayor quotes ,iuv4 vii4 #aaf-g dicturus dubia pro lib]tate bubulco iudice1 :]e see 8 note4 lactea ub]tas3 #8pure1 cle>1 fulness4' ,! expression is evid5tly *os5 to d5ote ! *>act]i/ic ( ,livy's /yle m5tion$ 9 #aja 7cl>issimi c&oris73 ii4 #e1 #ai 7c&idissimum et maxime expositum73 x signifies n ri* fulness m]ely1 b fulness comb9$ ) cle>ness & simplicity3 cp4 ,hi]on4 ,ep4 #ec1 #a ,t4 ,livius lacteo eloqu5tiae fonte manans4 ,milk is tak5 z ! type ( natural sweet & simple f>e3 cp4 c&5s lacteus umor ,lucr4 i4 #beh4 ,x is also n\ri%+1 s t lactea ub]tas is n ! m]e fulness ( empty words3 ii4 #d1 #e qu9 ipsis quoque doctoribus hoc esse curae velim ut t5]as adhuc m5tes m nutricum mollius alant et sati>i velut quodam iucundioris discipl9ae lacte patiantur4--,be*] 7,phil4 ,runds*au iii4 #ae1 p4 #dfi7 comp>es ,s5eca ,controv4 vii4 pr4 #b1 p4 #bfh 7,mll47 s5t5tiae1 quas optime ,pollio ,as9ius albas vocabat1 simplices1 ap]tae1 nihil occultum1 nihil insp]atum adf]5tes1 s$ vocales et spl5didae1 & expla9s lactea ub]tas z #8e9e re9e laut]e ,flle und ke9e =ci]te1 kn/li* aufgebaus*te1 s*wl/ige4' satis docebit1 i4e4 9 n>ratio #di 774 ,see note on ! ?ree g5]a dic5di #hj4 speciem 444 fidem4 ,x is n beauty ( exposition 7species or spl5dor7 t ! juror looks = 9 n>ratio or expositio1 b tru? & cr$ibility 7fides73 cp4 ad n>r&um non ad prob&um1 ( hi/ory1 #ca4 ,= fides cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #cd ,titus ,livius eloqu5tiae ac fidei praecl>us 9 primis4 ,i3#cc ,adde quod ,m4 ,tullius ne ,?ucydid5 quidem aut ,x5ophontem utiles oratori putat1 quamquam illum #8bellicum can]e1' huius #8ore ,musas esse locutas' exi/imet4 ,licet tam5 nobis 9 digressionibus uti vel hi/orico #cg nonnumquam nitore1 dum 9 8 de quibus erit quae/io mem9]imus non a?let>um toris1 s$ militum lac]tis opus esse1 nec v]sicolorem illam1 qua ,demetrius ,phal]eus dicebatur uti1 #ch ve/em b5e ad =5sem pulv]em fac]e4 #cc4 ,adde quod #b #aj1 #aa1 #ab4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 liii4 ,m4 ,tullius4 ,or4 #cj1 #ca1 #cb quis porro umquam ,graecorum rhetorum a ,?ucydide quicquam duxit8 #8at laudatus e/ ab omnibus1' fateor2 s$ ita ut r]um explicator prud5s1 sev]us1 gravis2 non ut 9 iudiciis v]s>et causas1 s$ ut 9 hi/oriis bella n>r>et1 itaque numquam e/ num]atus orator 444 nactus sum etiam qui ,x5ophontis similem esse se cup]et1 cuius s]mo e/ ille quidem melle dulcior1 s$ a =5si /repitu remotissimus4 ,yet ,dion4 ,hal4 tells u t ,demo/h5es 0 especially indebt$ to ,?ucydides 7,iud4 de ,?uc4 #eb74 ,cic]o saw t #8,?ucydides repres5ts an immature /age 9 ! developm5t ( oratory3 8 spee*es _h be5 sup]s$$ by matur] models' 7,s&ys74 ,cp4 ,brut4 #bhg-h4--;,cp4 #gc4 ,x5ophontem #ge1 #hb4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #aab compla9s t :ile ! ,cyropa$ia 0 read ! spee*es & autobiography ( ,scaurus 7 neglect$3 ad ,qu9t4 ,fratr4 i4 #bc4 quamquam ) subj4 z #b #ba3 #g #ag4 bellicum can]e3 ,or4 #ci incitatior f]tur et de bellicis rebus canit etiam quodam modo bellicum3 8 /yle is a #8call to arms1' x /irs l ! s\nd ( a w>-trumpet #gf4 ,cp4 pro ,mur4 #cj3 ,phil4 vii4 #c4 ,qu9t1 ix4 #d1 #aa non eosdem modos adhib5t cum bellicum e/ can5dum et cum posito g5u supplic&um e/4 huius ore1 c4 ,or4 #fb ,x5ophontis voce ,musas quasi locutas f]unt4 ,diog4 ,la]t4 ii4 #eg 4 ,cp4 #hb bel[1 ) ! note3 ,brut4 #acb molli et ,x5ophonteo g5]e s]monis3 de ,or4 ii4 #eh4 9 digressionibus3 oppos$ to 9 8 de quibus erit quae/io bel[4 ,see ! *4 on ,egressio iv4 #c3 especially #ab hanc p>tem vocant ,graeci1 ,lat9i egressum vel egressionem1 def9$ aft]w>ds 7#ad7 z alicuius rei1 s$ ad utilitatem p]t95tis1 extra ord9em excurr5s tractatio4 ,cp4 ix4 #b1 #ee4 ,cic4 de ,or4 ii4 #cg #caa sq4 digr$i tam5 ab eo quod proposu]is atque agas p]mov5dorum animorum causa saepe utile e/3 ib4 #hj orn&i aut aug5di causa digr$i3 ,brut4 #hb3 de ,inv4 i4 #ig4 hi/orico 444 nitore3 #e #ae3 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #e1 #e descriptiones locorum1 quae 9 hoc libro frequ5tiores erunt1 non hi/orice tantum s$ prope poetice prosequi fas e/3 id4 vii4 #i1 #h saepe 9 orationes quoque non hi/orica modo s$ prope poetica descriptionum necessitas incidit4 ,= nitor see on #i nitidus3 cp4 ,cic4 ,or4 #aae quidam orationis nitor4 dum4 ,qu9t4 does n use dummodo3 dum is aga9 us$ 9 ?is s5se 9 #c #g3 #g #be4 ,9 #c #e x occurs )\t a v]b1 sit primo vel t>dus dum dilig5s1 /ilus3 s modo #e #bj4 toris 444 lac]tis1 #8n ! a?lete's swell+ !ws1 b ! s9ewy arm ( ! soldi]4' ,cp4 ! anti!sis c>nis--lac]torum #gg4 ,! prim>y mean+ ( torus seems to be any?+ swell+ or bulg+1 e4g4 ! knots ( a rope or ! protub]ance ( ! muscles4 ,! po9t ( ! anti!sis is cle>ly br\ght out 9 xi4 #c1 #bf adsueta gymnasiis et oleo corpora1 quamlibet s9t 9 suis c]tam9ibus speciosa atque robu/a1 si milit>e it] fascemque et vigilias imp]es1 deficiant et qua]ant unctores suos nudumque sudorem1--a passage :i* mu/ h be5 sugge/$ by ! contra/ ,plato draws betwe5 ! sleepy habit ( a?letes & ! wiry vig\r ( ! soldi]3 7sc4 7 ,rep4 iii4 #djh4 ,mayor cites also xii4 #aj1 #da sicut a?let>um corpora1 etiam si validiora fiant ex]citatione et lege quadam ciborum 7cp4 x4 #e1 #ae7 non tam5 esse naturalia 7sc4 putant7 atque ab illa specie quae sit concessa hom9ibus abhorr]e4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ba oratio autem sicut corpus hom9is1 c43 ,nepos xv4 #b #d3 ,pl9y v4 #h1 #aj 7quot$ on #ca above74 ,= cognate metaphors see ,ngelsba* #acf1 #d pp4 #eef-h4 ,f ,pr(essor ,mayor's ri* li/ ( p>allel passages ,i select ! foll[+3 #8,kleo*>es 444 comp>$ ! spee*es ( ,demo/h5es to soldi]s 1 ^? ( ,isokrates to a?letes 4 ,plut4 ,philopoem4 #c #c1 #d ,philopoem5 :5 recomm5d$ to ent] ^u a c\rse ( a?letic tra9+ ask$ :e!r x did n int]f]e ) milit>y ex]cises2 & :5 told t ! frame & life1 diet & tra9+ ( ! two 7 entirely diff]5t1 ! a?lete ne$+ mu* sleep & food1 regul> int]vals ( ex]cise & re/1 & be+ unable to be> any *ange f 8 habits1 :ile ! soldi] 0 inur$ to hung] & ?ir/ & sleepless nights2 he bo? 9 8 private capacity :olly ab/a9$ f a?letic ex]cises1 & tri$ to aboli% !m :5 a g5]al4 ,id4 ,fab4 ,max4 #ai #b ,fabius hop$ t ,hannibal1 if unoppos$1 w\ld we> himself out1 4 ,lucian ,dial4 ,mort4 x4 #e ! a?lete ,damasias1 1 le/ he %\ld s9k ,*>on's boat by 8 weight1 is =c$ to /rip (f 8 fle% & cr[ns4' lac]tis4 ,z oppos$ to bra*ium1 lac]tus is ! upp] "p ( ! arm1 f ! %\ld] to ! elb[4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #fd 9 ,lysia sunt saepe etiam lac]ti1 sic ut fi]i nihil possit val5tius4 v]sicolorem 444 ve/em1 probably a translation ( "s ,greek phrase us$ 9 ref]5ce to ,demetrius1 to indicate a /yle too ornam5tal = ! =um3 cp4 viii4 pr4 #bj similit] illa translucida et v]sicolor quorundam elocutio res ipsas effem9at1 quae illo v]borum habitu ve/iantur4 ,= ,demetrius see on #hj4 #8,8 /yle1 l 8 life1 0 elegantly luxuri\s2 b 9 becom+ ornate x became n]veless2 !re is no long]1 says ,cic]o1 8sucus ille et sanguis incorruptus10 ! sap1 ! fre% vig\r1 :i* _h hi!rto be5 9 oratory2 9 _! place !re is 8fucatus nitor10 an artificial gloss1' ,jebb1 ,att4 ,or4 ii4 p4 #dda4 ,ve/is is m ?an a m]e metaphor "h3 ,demetrius 0 z foppi% 9 dress z he 0 9 8 /yle4 ,! ma9 feature ( ! latt] is g5]ally indicat$ by floridus & simil> t]ms3 e4g4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bhe3 dulcis de ,(f4 i4 #c 7cp4 ,or4 #id71 suavis ,brut4 #ch3 x 0 ov]-col\r$ 7l 8 dress71 be+ int5d$ only to please4 ,= ! figure sugge/$ #ch cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bf3 adeo melius e/ orationem vel hirta toga indu]e quam fucatis et m]etriciis ve/ibus insignire4 dicebatur1 i4e4 by 8 contempor>ies4 b5e ad 444 fac]e3 #e #aa 9 hoc optime faci5t inf9itae quae/iones4 ,?is con/ruction is common 9 ,ovid2 e4g4 ,h]4 xvi4 #ahi ad talem =mam non facit i/e locus3 cp4 ib4 vi4 #abh3 & ) dat4 ,prop4 iii4 #a1 #ai non faciet capiti dura corona meo4 8,x is also occasionally us$ absolutely3 s ,ovid1 compla9+ 9 8 exile1 says ,tri/4787 #8,nec caelum nec aquae faciunt nec t]ra nec imb]'3 #8d n agree ) me4' ,x is ?us us$ especially 9 m$ic9e4 ,cp4 ,colum4 viii4 #ag1 ,facit etiam ex pomis adap]ta ficus3 #8is s]viceable4'0 ,palm] on ,ov4 ,h]4 ii4 #ci4 pulv]em4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #cg 7quot$ on #hj incl9asse73 & = a diff]5t judgm5t de ,legg4 iii4 #ad a ,!ophra/o ,phal]eus ille ,demetrius 444 mirabilit] doctr9am ex umbraculis eruditorum otioque non modo 9 solem atque 9 pulv]em1 s$ 9 ipsum discrim5 aciemque produxit4 ,i3#cd ,e/ et alius ex hi/oriis usus et is quidem maximus1 s$ non ad praes5tem p]t95s locum1 ex cognitione r]um exemplorumque1 quibus 9 primis in/ructus esse debet orator1 ne omnia te/imonia exspectet a litigatore1 s$ pl]aque ex vetu/ate dilig5t] sibi cognita sumat1 hoc pot5tiora1 quod ea sola crim9ibus odii et gratiae vacant4 #cd4 hi/oriis3 = ! plural see on #ge4 ,cp4 note on lectionum #de4 alius usus 444 ex cognitione1 c4 ,crassus 9 ! de ,or4 i4 #dh insi/s on ?is3 neque enim s9e multa p]tractatione omnium r]um public>um1 neque s9e legum1 morum1 iuris sci5tia 444 9 8 ipsis rebus satis callide v]s>i et p]ite pote/ 7sc4 orator73 cp4 ib4 #ah t55da praet]ea e/ omnis antiquitas exemplorumque vis3 #aeh cognosc5dae hi/oriae3 #bef3 ,brutus #cbb3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cj nec 9 evolv5da antiquitate 444 satis op]ae insumitur4 ,9 ,qu9t4 cp4 ii4 #d1 #bj multa inde cognitio r]um v5it exemplisque1 quae sunt 9 omni g5]e caus>um pot5tissima1 iam tum in/ruitur1 cum res poscet1 usurus3 iii4 #h1 #fg3 v4 #aa #8de exemplis'-- quo nom9e et g5]alit] usi sunt 9 omni similium adpositione et specialit] 9 iis quae r]um ge/>um auctoritate nituntur3 xii4 #d1 #aj3 cp4 #ag r]um cognitio cotidie crescit1 et tam5 quam multorum ad eam librorum necess>ia lectio e/1 quibus aut r]um exempla ab hi/oricis aut dic5di ab oratoribus petuntur4 et is quidem4 ,cic4 de ,f94 i4 #fe ,epicurus una 9 domo1 et ea quidem angu/a1 quam magnos 444 t5uit amicorum greges4 ,9 #e #g we h et quidem ) ! pron\n omitt$3 cp4 ,cic4 ,phil4 ii4 #dc et quidem immunia3 & (t5 9 ,pl9y1 e4g4 ,ep4 i4 #f1 #a ego ille quem no/i apros tres et quidem pul*]rimos cepi4 non ad praes5tem 444 locum1 because "h he is speak+ ( ! advantage ( read+ hi/ory only f ! po9t ( view ( elocutio3 8 subject is copia v]borum4 ,= ! mat]ial b5efit to be obta9$ f ! /udy ( hi/ory see ! passages cit$ above3 esp4 xii4 #d3 v4 #aa1 #cf sq4 te/imonia4 ,cp4 v4 #g1 #a ea dicuntur aut p] tabulas aut a praes5tibus4 ,! advocate is n to conf9e himself to ^!4 litigatore1 ! cli5t1 f :om ! ess5tial facts ( ! case mu/ be le>n$3 xii4 #h #f-h4 cognita 7) vetu/ate71 ( ! result r ?an ! process4 ,be=e sumat supply ut4 hoc quod 444 vacant #ae4 ,cp4 v4 #aa1 #cf-cg ,adhibebitur extr9secus 9 causam et auctoritas 444 si quid ita visum g5tibus1 populis1 sapi5tibus viris1 cl>is civibus1 inlu/ribus poetis ref]ri pote/4 ,ne haec quidem vulgo dicta et recepta p]suasione popul>i s9e usu fu]9t4 ,te/imonia sunt enim quodam modo vel pot5tiora etiam1 quod non causis accommodata sunt1 s$ lib]is odio et gratia m5tibus ideo tantum dicta factaque1 quia aut hone/issima aut v]issima videbantur4 ,cp4 ,cic4 pro ,m>cello #bi3 ,tac4 ,hi/4 i4 #a3 ,ann4 i4 #a4 ,i3#ce ,a philosophorum v]o lectione ut ess5t multa nobis pet5da #ci vitio factum e/ oratorum1 qui quidem illis optima sui op]is p>te cess]unt4 ,nam et de iu/is1 hone/is1 utilibus iisque quae sunt i/is contr>ia1 et de rebus div9is maxime dicunt et argum5tantur acrit] ,/oici1 et alt]cationibus atque int]rogationibus oratorem futurum optime ,socratici praep>ant4 #ce4 philosophorum3 #ha-hd3 #abc-aca4 ,we h ! same compla9t1 t ! orator has #8ab&on$ ! faire/ "p ( 8 prov9ce' to ! philosoph] 9 ,book i4 pr4 #i-ah3 esp4 neque #ci enim hoc concess]im1 rationem rectae hone/aeque vitae 444 ad philosophos releg&am1 cum vir ille v]e civilis et public>um privat>umque r]um adm9i/rationi accommodatus1 qui reg]e consiliis urbes1 fund>e legibus1 em5d>e iudiciis possit1 non alius sit pr(ecto quam orator4444 ,fu]untque haec1 ut ,cic]o ap]tissime colligit1 quemadmodum iuncta natura1 sic (ficio quoque copulata1 ut idem sapi5tes atque eloqu5tes hab]5tur4 ,scidit de9de se /udium atque in]tia factum e/ ut artes esse plures vid]5tur4 ,nam ut primum l+ua esse coepit 9 quae/u in/itutumque eloqu5tiae bonis male uti1 curam morum qui dis]ti habebantur reliqu]unt4 ,cp4 xii4 #b #d-aj1 esp4 #h id quod e/ oratori necess>ium nec a dic5di praeceptoribus traditur ab iis pet]e nimirum necesse e/ apud quos remansit3 evolv5di p5itus auctores qui de virtute praecipiunt1 ut oratoris vita cum sci5tia div9>am r]um sit human>umque coniuncta4 ,qu9tilian's frequ5t /atem5t ( ! argum5t t philosophy1 especially moral philosophy1 is an ess5tial "p ( ! orator's equipm5t is a coroll>y to 8 ma9 !sis1 #8non posse oratorem esse nisi virum bonum'3 i4 pr4 #i3 xii4 #a3 cp4 rationem dic5di a bono viro non sep>amus4 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 xxv4 ,9 ! ,orator #aa-ai ,cic]o places a philosophical tra9+ among ! fir/ requisites ( ! ideal orator3 esp4 #ad nam nec latius neque copiosius de magnis v>iisque rebus s9e philosophia pote/ quisquam dic]e3 ib4 #aah3 cp4 de ,or4 i4 #hg3 ib4 iii4 #ef-gc hanc1 inquam1 cogit&i pronunti&ique rationem vimque dic5di vet]es ,graeci sapi5tiam nom9abant 444 #fa h9c 7f ! sep>ation ( eloqu5ce & philosophy made by ,socrates7 discidium illud ex/itit quasi l+uae atque cordis1 absurdum sane et inutile et repreh5d5dum1 ut alii nos sap]e1 alii dic]e doc]5t4 ,cic]o has told u himself :at he ow$ to philosophy3 xii4 #b1 #bc ,m4 ,tullius non tantum se deb]e s*olis rhetorum quantum ,academiae spatiis frequ5t] 7e4g4 ,or4 #ab1 ,brut4 #cae7 ipse te/atus e/3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ca sq4 op]is3 see on #i4 ,s ea iure v]eque cont5d]im esse op]is no/ri4 i4 pr4 #aa4 cess]unt3 = ?is con/r4 ) dat4 & abl4 cp4 ,cic4 pro ,mil4 #ge nisi sibi hortorum possessione cessiss5t4 de iu/is1 c43 cp4 i4 pr4 #aa1 #ab4 de rebus div9is4 ,! ,/oic def9ition ( includ$ ?is-- 1 transl4 by ,cic]o1 de ,(f4 ii4 #e3 cp4 ,tusc4 iv4 #eg3 ,s54 ,ep4 xiv4 #a1 #e4 ,!y made ?is ! f\ndation ( e virtue3 x is #8speculative wisdom' z di/+ui%$ f #8practical wisdom' 774 maxime potissimum4 ,/oici3 #hd3 xii4 #b1 #be ,/oici 444 nullos aut prob>e acrius aut conclud]e subtilius cont5dunt4 ,/oici 0 fir/ ins]t$ by ,mei/]4 ,hirt 7,b]l4 ,wo*5s*rift v4 p4 #fbi7 objects1 on ! gr\nd t ,qu9tilian is only giv+ "h ! g5]al idea t eloqu5ce & philosophy 7 at fir/ mutually inclusive3 cp4 de ,or4 iii4 #ed4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 alt]cationibus4 ,! ess5ce ( ! alt]catio is t x 0 conduct$ 9 ! way ( %ort answ]s or retorts3 x is specially us$ ( a dispute c>ri$ on 9 ?is way betwe5 two speak]s 9 ! s5ate1 or 9 a c\rt ( law1 or 9 public4 ,a fam\s in/ance 9 ! s5ate is ! dialogue betwe5 ,cic]o & ,clodius 7ad ,att4 i4 #af1 #h73 ,clodium praes5tem fregi 9 s5atu cum oratione p]petua pl5issima gravitatis1 tum alt]catione1 c4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cd ut alt]cationes quoque excip]et et iurgiis int]esset4 ,! alt]catio 7actio brevis atque concisa vi4 #d1 #b7 is opp4 to p]petua or cont9ua oratio3 e4g4 ,liv4 iv4 #f1 #a res a p]petuis orationibus 9 alt]cationem v]tisset3 ,tac4 ,hi/4 iv4 #g paulatim p] alt]cationem ad cont9uas et infe/as orationes provecti sunt4--,z to ! con/ruction1 bo? words are g5]ally tak5 z ablatives ( in/rum5t2 n #8= debates & exam9ations ( witnesses4' ,by int]rogationibus is !n meant ! ,socratic 3 cp4 v4 #g1 #bh 9 quibus 7dialogis7 adeo scitae sunt int]rogationes ut1 cum pl]isque b5e respondeatur1 res tam5 ad id quod volunt effic]e p]v5iat4 ,b see ,crit4 ,notes4 #dj ,socratici3 #hc4 ,! writ]s ( ! ,socratic =m ( dialogue are meant1 ,plato1 ,x5ophon1 & ,aes*9es ,socraticus3 v4 #aa1 #bg etiam 9 illis int]rogationibus ,socraticis 444 cav5dum ne incante respondeas4 ,_! practice ( fa%ion+ ! imag9$ objections ( _! oppon5ts 9 su* a mann] z to make !m easy ( refutation w\ld r5d] !m good models3 cp4 xii4 #a1 #aj ne m ,socraticorum nobismet ipsi responsum f9xisse videamur4 ,i3#cf ,s$ #dj 8 quoque adhib5dum e/ simile iudicium1 ut etiam cum 9 rebus v]semur isdem non tam5 e&em esse condicionem sciamus litium ac disputationum1 =i et auditorii1 praeceptorum et p]iculorum4 #cf4 8 quoque1 sc4 philosophis--z well z ) ! poets & hi/orians #bh1 #ca4 ut 444 sciamus1 consecutive1 express+ result1 n f9al3 tr4 by p>ticiple #8rememb]+1' c43 cp4 ut sciamus aft] sic 9 #ca4 ,n all ! in/ances ( ! introduction ( a subord9ate clause by ?is consecutive ut cit$ by ,h]b/ are exactly apposite3 cp4 #b #bh3 #d #d3 #e #f1 #i3 #f #c3 #g #aj4 9 rebus isdem3 #8on ! same topics1' viz4 que/ions ( "r & wrong1 c41 :i* are common to philosophy & law4 litium ac disputationum3 #8lawsuits & philosophical discussions'3 vii4 #c #ac s$ de 8 disputatur non litigatur3 xi4 #a1 #gj int] eos non =5sem cont5tionem1 s$ /udiosam disputationem cr$]es incidisse3 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #c illud =5se dic5di et hoc quietum disput&i g5us3 de ,f94 i4 #bh neque enim disput>i s9e repreh5sione1 nec cum iracundia aut p]t9acia recte disput>i pote/3 ,brut4 #aah iidem 7,/oici7 traducti a disput&o ad dic5dum inopes rep]iantur3 cp4 ,or4 #aac4 ,!re is a simil> anti!sis 9 =o 444 9 s*olis v4 #ac1 #cf4 =i 444 p]iculorum3 note ! *iasmus4 ,= ! anti!sis =i 444 auditorii cp4 #gi auditoriis 444 non iudiciis4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #aj nunc te ab auditoriis et !atris 9 =um et ad causas et ad v]a proelia voco4 ,= auditorium us$ ( ! lecture-room1 or g5]ally a place = public prelections1 lit]>y & philosophical1 cp4 ii4 #aa1 #c3 v4 #ab1 #bj3 ,suet4 ,aug4 #he4 ,^! auditoria 7 ! sc5e ( ! recitationes ( :i* we he> s mu* 9 ?is age3 #ah4 p]iculorum3 law-suits1 actions-at-law1 ref]r+1 z (t5 9 ,cic]o1 to ! issues at /ake = ! def5dant 9 su* actions4 ,cp4 #g #a3 iv4 #b1 #abb capitis aut =tun>um p]icula3 vi4 #a1 #cf 7:]e #8p]icula' & #8privatae causae' are contra/$74 ,etymologically p]iculum is f ! root ,,p]-1 se5 9 1 3 x d5otes #8trial' &1 9 view ( possible failure1 #8dang]4' ,cp4 ,reid on ,cic4 pro ,ar*4 #ac3 ! ,engli% #8dang]' 7,l[ ,lat9 dangi>ium f dom9ium1 ,old ,fr4 dongi]1 feudal au?ority7 0 orig9ally a legal t]m3 ,%akesp4 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice iv4 #a1 #8,y /& )9 8 dang]4' ,*auc]1 ,prol4 #ffc4 ,see ,skeat's ,etym4 ,dict4 ,i3#cg ,cr$o exacturos pl]osque1 cum tantum esse utilitatis 9 leg5do iudicemus1 ut id quoque adiungamus op]i1 qui s9t leg5di1 quae 9 auctore quoque praecipua virtus4 ,s$ p]sequi s+ulos inf9iti fu]it op]is4 #cg4 ,?is p>agraph =ms a transition f ! g5]al consid]ation ( oratory 7#bj71 poetry 7#bg71 hi/ory 7#ca71 & philosophy 7#ce7 to ! *>act]isation ( individual repres5tatives ( ea* ( ^! f\r dep>tm5ts4 ,qu9tilian n[ beg9s to disc\rse on ! #8,*oice ( ,books1' or ! #8,be/ ,hundr$ ,au?ors1' bo? 9 ,greek & ,lat94 ,8 li/ does n h[ev] aim at complet5ess3 x is condition$ by ! object :i* he has 9 view1 viz4 ! read+ ( :at is pr(itable = ! =mation ( /yle 7ad faci5dam #db71 & he con/antly rem9ds ! read] t he is m]ely giv+ a sample ( ! be/ au?ors 7#dd3 #ef-fj3 #gd3 #hj3 #ajd3 #abb74 ,cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 vii4 #i #ae-af4 qui s9t leg5di3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 auctore3 see on #bd4 p]sequi s+ulos3 #8to notice all individually'3 #aah sunt alii multi dis]ti quos p]sequi longum e/4 fu]it3 cp4 sup]av]it #df3 dix]im #ad3 malu]im #bf3 d$]it #he3 cess]imus #hf3 quos vid]im #ih3 cess]it #aja3 opposu]im #aje3 ab/ul]it #da #ajg3 ne hoc 444 suas]im #b #bd3 nemo dubitav]it #c #bb3 contul]it #e #d3 ne 444 contr>ium fu]it #e #ae4 ,i3#ch ,quippe cum 9 ,bruto ,m4 ,tullius #da tot milibus v]suum de ,romanis tantum oratoribus loquatur et tam5 de omnibus aetatis suae1 quibuscum vivebat1 exceptis ,caes>e atque ,m>cello1 sil5tium eg]it1 quis erit modus si et illos et qui po/ea fu]unt et ,graecos omnes p]sequamur et philosophos8 #ch4 ,quippe cum1 only "h 9 ,qu9t43 cp4 #gf4 v]suum3 (t5 9 ,qu9t4 ( #8l9es' ( prose3 #da3 #c #cb3 #g #aa3 xi4 #b1 #cb 7b #ci opp4 to prosam orationem73 vii4 #a1 #cg multis milibus v]suum scio apud quosdam esse quaesitum1 c4 ,hor4 ,sat4 ii4 #e1 #ec-d1 ( a w1 quid prima secundo c]a velit v]su4 ,cic4 ,rab4 ,po/4 vi4 #ad ut primum v]sum 7legis7 att5d]et3 ad ,att4 ii4 #af1 #c3 ,pl94 ,ep4 iv4 #aa1 #af4 ,romanis 444 oratoribus4 ,"o ( ,cic]o's motives 9 writ+ ! ,brutus 0 to d ju/ice to ! e>li] ,roman orators1 & to trace ! developm5t ( ! art d[n to 8 own "t4 ,hild cites ,fronto 7de elog4 p4 #bce ed4 ,rom47 oratores quos 444 ,cic]o eloqu5tiae civitate gregatim donavit1 z %[+ t ! writ] ?\ght t ,cic]o wi%$ to exalt 8 own /yle by contra/ ) ! rud] ef=ts ( 8 pr$ecessors4 aetatis suae4 ,frieze rem>ks t ?is expression1 tak5 by itself1 w\ld embrace ei!r ! :ole c>e] ( ,cic]o z an orator1 ab\t #ce ye>s1 to ! date ( ! ,brutus 7,b4,c4 #df71 or else 8 life f ! "t :5 he began to he> ! orators ( ! =um z a /ud5t 7,b4,c4 #ij71 a p]iod ( ov] #dd ye>s3 ,brut4 #cjc hoc 7,hort5sio7 igitur floresc5te1 ,crassus e/ mortuus1 ,cotta pulsus1 iudicia int]missa bello1 nos 7,cic]o7 9 =um v5imus4--,! rule :i* ,cic]o impos$ on himself 9 ! ,brutus is giv5 #bca3 9 hoc s]mone no/ro /atui nem9em eorum qui viv]5t nom9>e4 quibuscum vivebat3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,caes>e atque ,m>cello4 ,^! exceptions 7 made at ! reque/ ( ,brutus himself #bdh4 ,brutus eulogises ,m>cellus1 :ile ! acc\nt ( ,caes> is ma9ly put into ! m\? ( ,atticus3 !n at #bfb ,cic]o returns to ! dead1--s$ ad eos1 si placet1 qui vita excess]unt rev]tamur4--,= ,caes> see on #aad4 ,m4 ,claudius ,m>cellus1 consul ,b4,c4 #ea1 0 a ,pompeian :o1 aft] ,ph>salus1 retir$ to ,mityl5e1 :]e he /udi$ "u ,cratippus4 ,8 fri5ds procur$ ! p>don :i* he w\ld n himself sue =1 & ,cic]o 9 ! pro ,m>cello 7,b4,c4 #df7 expresses 8 satisfaction at ! ev5t4 ,on 8 way home 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,m>cellus 0 assass9at$ at ,a!ns4 ,cp4 ,s54 ad ,helviam ix4 #d-h4 quis 444 modus4 ,:5 quis is us$ adjectivally1 z "h & 9 #ej1 x does n mean #8:at k9d (' 7z qui71 b r #8w !re be any8' c4 ,cp4 quis locus #8:]e is ! spot8' vii4 #b1 #ed quis te/is8 quis iudex8 444 quod pretium8 quis conscius8 ,= ! read+ see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#ci ,fuit igitur brevitas illa tutissima quae e/ apud ,livium 9 epi/ula ad filium scripta1 #8leg5dos ,demo/h55 atque ,cic]onem1 tum ita1 ut quisque esset ,demo/h5i et ,cic]oni simillimus4' #ci4 brevitas illa brevis illa s5t5tia1 introduc+ ! clause 9 acc4 c4 inf4 ,hirt comp>es ,cic4 ,tusc4 iv4 #hc et aegritud9is et reliquorum animi morborum una sanatio e/1 omnes op9abiles esse et volunt>ios4 ,= fuit see ,crit4 ,notes4 apud ,livium4 ,cp4 ii4 #e1 #bj ,cic]o 444 et iucundus incipi5tibus quoque et ap]tus e/ satis1 nec prodesse tantum1 s$ etiam am>i pote/3 tum1 quemadmodum ,livius praecipit1 ut quisque erit ,cic]oni simillimus4 ,9 viii4 #b1 #ah !re is a ref]5ce probably to ! same s\rce3 ,livy is made ! au?ority = ! /ory ( a tea*] #8qui discipulos obscur>e quae dic]5t iub]et1 ,graeco v]bo ut5s 4' ,s54 ,ep4 #ajj ,nom9a adhuc ,t4 ,livium4 scripsit enim et dialogos1 quos non magis philosophiae adnum]>e possis quam hi/oriae1 et ex pr(esso philosophiam cont95tes libros4 ,! son is m5tion$ aga9 9 ,pl94 ,n4 ,h4 i4 #e & #f4 ,see ,teuffel1 ,rom4 ,lit4 #bea #d4 ,demo/h5i et ,cic]oni3 #aje-aab3 ,iuv4 x4 #aad4 ,note ! po9t$ repetition ( ! names4 ,i3#dj ,non e/ dissimul&a no/ri quoque iudicii #db summa4 ,paucos enim vel potius vix ullum ex 8 qui vetu/atem p]tul]unt exi/imo posse rep]iri1 qu9 iudicium adhib5tibus adlaturus sit utilitatis aliquid1 cum se ,cic]o ab illis quoque vetu/issimis auctoribus1 +5iosis quidem1 s$ arte c>5tibus1 plurimum fateatur adiutum4 #dj4 no/ri iudicii summa3 #8my #db op9ion 9 g5]al1' z oppos$ to ! criticism ( ea* writ] individually4 ,:at ! gi/ ( ?is op9ion is he /ates 9 ! next s5t5ce1 ) enim3 see ,crit4 ,notes4--,= summa cp4 #dh3 #c #aj4 vix ullum1 c43 #eg4 ,mayor comp>es ,pl94 ,ep4 iii4 #e #aj 7( ! eld] ,pl9y7 nihil enim legit quod non exc]p]et3 dic]e enim solebat nullum esse librum tam malum ut non aliqua p>te prodesset4 ,x w\ld be h>d to be s *>itable n[6 vetu/atem p]tul]unt3 #8h /ood ! te/ ( "t4' ,! phrase is prop]ly us$ ( w9e1--w9e t w #8keep1' z we %\ld say 7aetatem f]re73 ,cic4 de ,amic4 #fg ut ea v9a quae vetu/atem f]unt3 ii4 #d1 #i mu/a 444 et annos f]5t et vetu/ate pr(iciunt3 ,cat4 de ,r4 ,r4 #aad1 #b v9um 9 vetu/atem s]v>e4 ,s ,ovid1 ( 8 own works1 scripta vetu/atem si modo no/ra f]5t1 ,tri/4 v4 #i1 #h4 ,= vetu/as 7lapse ( "t7 cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #beh4--,!re is a sort ( anti!sis betwe5 ! class ( au?ors "h ref]r$ to & ! vetu/issimi auctores m5tion$ bel[4 ,9 ! =m] he includes ,cato & ! ,grac*i1 ii4 #e1 #ba3 ! latt] are ^? :o 7 h>dly read at all 9 ,qu9tilian's day4 ,9 g5]al he uses vet]es or antiqui 9 contradi/9ction to ^? :o 7 to him novi1 i4e4 ! writ]s ( ! po/-,augu/an p]iod3 includ+ 9 ! =m] ,cic]o himself z well z 8 pr$ecessors4 ii4 #e1 #bc et antiquos leg]e et novos3 v4 #d1 #a orationes vet]um ac novorum3 ix4 #c1 #a omnes vet]es et ,cic]o praecipue3 ,pl94 ,ep4 ix4 #bb1 #a1 ( ,c4 ,pass5nus ,paullus1 9 litt]is vet]es aemulatur 444 ,prop]tium 9 primis3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ag1 #ah4 iudicium adhib5tibus3 #aca3 #gb4 +5iosis 444 c>5tibus3 i4 #h1 #h multum autem vet]es etiam ,lat9i conf]unt1 quamquam pl]ique plus +5io quam arte valu]unt4 ,ov4 ,amor4 i4 #ae1 #ad1 ( ,callima*us1 quamvis +5io non valet1 arte valet3 ,tr4 ii4 #dbd ,ennius +5io maximus arte rudis4 ,mayor quotes also f ,munro's ,lucretius3 vol4 ii4 p4 #ah #8,at ?is p]iod :5 ! 1 z ,cic]o calls !m1 7 /riv+ to br+ ! ,alex&r9e /yle into fa%ion1 !re seems to h be5 almo/ a =mal anti!sis betwe5 ! rude g5ius ( ,ennius & ! mod]n art4' +5iosis quidem4 ,"h aga9 7cp4 on #cd7 ,cic]o w\ld h us$ ! pron\n1--+5iosis illis quidem4 ,cp4 #hh1 #abd3 i4 #aj1 #ag4 ,cic]o 444 fateatur4 ,! ,brutus conta9s e4g4 a eulogy ( ,cato1 :o is said to be r\gh1 b excell5t1 l ! e>ly /atues & pa9t+s & poems3 #fa-ff3 ,or4 #aji4 ,mayor cites ,s5eca apud ,gell4 xii4 #b 7,fragm5ta #aaa7 ,apud ipsum quoque ,cic]onem inv5ies etiam 9 prosa oratione qua$am ex quibus intelligas illum non p]didisse op]am quod ,ennium legit4 ,i3#da ,nec multo aliud de novis s5tio2 quotus enim quisque inv5iri tam dem5s pote/1 #dc qui ne m9ima quidem alicuius c]te fiducia p>tis memoriam po/]itatis sp]av]it8 ,qui si quis e/1 intra primos /atim v]sus depreh5detur1 et citius nos dimittet quam ut eius nobis magno temporis detrim5to con/et exp]im5tum4 #da4 multo aliud3 cp4 quanto aliud #ec4 ,aliud "h s]ves = a comp>ative4 ,s ix4 #d1 #bf multo optimum3 #gb multo fo$issimum1 & 9 ,pl94 ,n4 ,h4 multo v (t5 = ! m usual longe4 ,spald4 novis3 ! writ]s subsequ5t to ,cic]o2 viii4 #e1 #ab3 ix4 #b1 #db4 quotus quisque3 #8ea* unit ( :at :ole numb]' #8"o 9 h[ _m1' & s #8h[ small a proportion1' #8h[ few4' ,9 ! nom4 s+4 masc4 x occurs sev]al times 9 ,cic]o1 & frequ5tly 9 ,pl9y's lett]s4 ,ovid1 ,a4 ,a4 iii4 #ajc1 has ! fem41 ,=ma dei munus4 ,=ma quota quaeque sup]bit4 ,! dat4 quoto cuique ,pl94 ,ep4 iii4 #bj #h3 ! acc4 quotum quemque ,tac4 ,dial4 #bi4 tam dem5s 444 qui3 #dh nemo erit tam indoctus qui non 444 fateatur3 on ! o!r h& #eg tam 444 ut non4 ,h]b/ cites ,pl9y1 ,ep4 viii4 #ad1 #c quotus enim quisque tam pati5s ut velit disc]e quod 9 usu non sit habiturus3 cp4 ib4 ii4 #ai1 #f3 ,panegyr4 #ae3 ,x54 ,anab4 ii4 #e1 #ab 2 ib4 vii4 #a1 #bh 22 ,cic4 ,phil4 ii4 #cc1 :]e ,mayor quotes ,dem4 ,mid4 p4 #ecf1 #f #ff 444 444 2 & #8,lives !re a man ) s\l s dead ,:o nev] to himself has said4448' #dc alicuius fiducia p>tis3 #8) ev5 ! smalle/ confid5ce at lea/ 9 "s portion or o!r 7( 8 writ+s74' ,= ! obj4 g54 cp4 iv4 #b1 #aac3 ix4 #c1 #ea4 memoriam po/]itatis3 see on #ca4 v]sus3 #ch4 detrim5to3 vi4 #c1 #ce nimium enim risus pretium e/ si probitatis imp5dio con/at4 ,! ^w occurs less commonly ?an "s ( its synonyms ) ! g5itive3 "h its etymological mean+ 7det]o-tempus #8t]]e'7 makes x v appropriate4 ,i3#db ,s$ non quidquid ad aliquam p>tem sci5tiae p]t9et1 prot9us ad faci5dam 1 de qua loquimur1 accommodatum4 ,v]um antequam de s+ulis loqu>1 pauca 9 univ]sum de v>ietate op9ionum dic5da sunt4 #db4 prot9us3 #8at once1' #8z a matt] ( c\rse4' ,see on #c3 cp4 /atim #bd4 ad faci5dam 3 #8= ! =mation ( /yle'3 cp4 #hg phras9 444 faciant3 viii4 #a1 #a igitur quam ,graeci vocant1 ,lat9e dicimus elocutionem4 ,= ! :ole expression cp4 #fe ad oratores faci5dos aptior3 xii4 #h1 #e cur non sit orator qu&o 444 oratorem facit3 x4 #c1 #c vires 444 faciamus3 ib4 #aj qui robur aliquod 9 /ilo fec]9t3 ib4 #bh faci5dus usus3 also i4 #aj1 #f3 ii4 #h1 #g3 xii4 #g1 #a4 ,faci5dam mu/ h belong$ to ! orig9al text3 see ,crit4 ,notes4--,hild rem9ds u t we mu/ always keep ?is po9t ( view 9 m9d 9 e/imat+ ! lit]>y judgm5ts pron\nc$ by ,qu9tilian 9 ?is book3 he is conc]n$ ma9ly ) =m1 9 its relation to oratorical /yle4 ,9 ! same way1 #hg1 he does n insi/ on ! /udy ( ,mac] & ,lucretius3 leg5di quidem s$ non ut 1 id e/ corpus eloqu5tiae1 faciant4 ,m4 ,s5eca opposes to 7#a73 non magna s$ 7( ,albucius7 ,contr4 vii4 pr4 #b3 else:]e he has 7,exc]pt4 ,contr4 iii4 pr4 #g7 habebat 444 phras9 non vulg>em nec sordidam1 s$ lectam4 9 univ]sum3 ,tac4 ,g]m4 #f 9 univ]sum ae/imanti3 ib4 #bg 9 commune opp4 to s+uli4 de v>ietate op9ionum4 ,dosson ref]s to ,hipp4 ,rigault1 ,hi/oire de la qu]elle des anci5s et des mod]nes1 vol4 i4 #ahei4 ,9 ! ?ird c5t4 ,b4,c4 ! "q ( ! sup]iority ( ! anci5ts ov] ! mod]ns 0 discuss$ betwe5 ! support]s & ! oppon5ts ( ,demetrius ( ,phal]um3 9 ,cic]o's day x _h become confus$ ) ! qu>rel betwe5 ! true & ! false ,attici/s 7cp4 ,brut4 #bhc sq473 ,horace treat$ x 9 ! fir/ ,epi/le ( ! ,second ,book3 9 ,qu9tilian's own "t x 0 /ill discuss$1 z may be se5 f ?is passage & f ! ,dialogus de ,oratoribus4 ,i3#dc ,nam quidam solos vet]es leg5dos putant neque 9 ullis aliis esse naturalem eloqu5tiam et robur viris dignum arbitrantur1 alios rec5s haec lascivia #dd deliciaeque et omnia ad voluptatem multitud9is imp]itae composita delectant4 #dc4 solos vet]es4 ,"h aga9 7see on #dj7 vet]es includes ! writ]s ( ! ,augu/an age3 cp4 #aah1 #abb1 #abf3 #b #ag4 ,see also ii4 #e1 #ba sq41 :]e ,qu9tilian says t 9 ! case ( "y p bo? extremes %\ld be avoid$3--! anci5ts 7su* z ! ,grac*i & ,cato71 fi5t enim horridi atque ieiuni3 ! mod]ns1 ) _! deprav$ ta/e1 #8ne rec5tis huius lasciviae flosculis capti voluptate prava del5iantur4' robur viris dignum3 ii4 #e1 #bc ex quibus 7sc4 antiquis7 si adsumatur solida ac virilis +5ii vis det]so rudis saeculi squalore1 tum no/] hic cultus cl>ius enitescet3 i4 #h1 #i sanctitas c]te et1 ut sic dicam1 virilitas ab iis 7i4e4 ! vet]es ,lat9i7 pet5da e/1 qu&o nos 9 omnia delici>um vitia dic5di quoque ratione defluximus3 v4 #ab1 #ag4 rec5s haec lascivia deliciaeque3 #8! voluptu\s & affect$ /yle ( our own day' opp4 to rectum dic5di g5us1 bel[4 ,cp4 #8rec5tis huius lasciviae flosculi1' quot$ above1 also #8delici>um vitia4' ,mayor cites ,s54 ,ep4 xxxiii4 #a non fu]unt circa flosculos occupati3 totus contextus #dd illorum virilis e/4 ,see on lascivus #hh4 ,s5eca is probably aim$ at "h3 cp4 #abe sq41 & ,introd4 p4 xxv4 sqq4 ,i3#dd ,ipsorum etiam qui rectum dic5di g5us sequi volunt1 alii pressa demum et t5uia atque quae m9imum #de ab usu cotidiano rec$ant1 sana et v]e ,attica putant2 quosdam #df elatior +5ii vis et magis concitata et pl5a spiritus capit2 sunt etiam l5is et nitidi et compositi g5]is non pauci amatores4 ,de qua diff]5tia diss]am dilig5tius1 cum de g5]e dic5di qua]5dum erit3 int]im summatim1 quid et a qua lectione pet]e poss9t qui confirm>e facultatem dic5di vol5t1 att+am3 paucos enim1 qui sunt em95tissimi1 exc]p]e 9 animo e/4 #dd4 rectum dic5di g5us3 ! true /&>d ( /yle 7cp4 #hi71 natural & unaffect$1 & imitat+ nei!r ! rude ar*aism ( ! anci5ts nor ! bad ta/e ( ! mod]ns4 ,9 ii4 #e1 #aa x is call$ s]mo rectus 7#8/raight1' i4e4 direct & natural7 et secundum naturam enuntiatus3 & 9 ix4 #c1 #c1 simplex rectumque loqu5di g5us3 ! /yle :i* aims above ev]y?+ at ! cle> & effective expression ( ?\ght1 ap>t f all ornam5t & trick]y4 ,?\gh t]m$ "h a g5us1 x is itself divid$ into ?ree g5]a3 7#a7 ! simple1 t]se1 concise 71 t5ue1 subtile1 pressum 444 quod m9imum ab usu cotidiano rec$it72 7#b7 ! gr&1 broad1 l(ty1 /irr+1 passionate 71 ub]1 gr&e1 amplum1 elatum1 concitatum72 7#c7 ! fl[+1 pla/ic1 poli%$1 smoo?1 melodi\s1 int]m$iate 71 l5e1 nitidum1 suave1 compositum1 m$ium74 ,?is ?reefold division ( /yle1 ascrib$ to ,!ophra/us1 0 g5]ally recognis$ 9 ,greece aft] ! latt] "p ( ! #d? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,gellius 7vi4 #ad1 #h7 tells u t ,v>ro recognis$ x1 employ+ ub]1 gracile1 & m$iocre to repres5t 1 1 & 2 & ,mr4 ,nettle%ip 7,j4 ( ,philol4 xviii4 p4 #bcb7 ?9ks t 8 treatise bore on ?is subject4 ,x is adopt$ 9 ,cornif4 ad ,h]5n4 iv4 #aa-af1 & is c>efully expla9$ by ,cic]o 9 ! ,orator #bj-ba 7:]e see ,s&ys' notes73 tria sunt omn9o g5]a dic5di quibus 9 s+ulis quidam floru]unt1 p]aeque autem1 id quod volumus1 p]pauci 9 omnibus4 ,qu9tilian evid5tly consid]s t ,cic]o 7see #ajh7 came up to 8 own ideal /&>d 9 all ?ree /yles3 ,or4 #ajj is e/ enim eloqu5s qui et humilia subtilit] et magna gravit] et m$iocria temp]ate pote/ dic]e4 ,dion4 ,hal4 7probably foll[+ ,!ophra/us 7 has ! same division1 di/+ui%+ z ! or ! 7g5us gr&e71 7g5us t5ue1 subtile71 & 7m$ium1 m$iocre73 de ,dem4 #cc & #cd4 ,9 xii4 #aj1 #eh ,qu9tilian repeats ?is3 disc]ni posse etiam recte dic5di g5]a int] se vid5tur4 ,namque unum subtile1 quod vocant1 alt]um gr&e atque robu/um1 quod dicunt1 con/ituunt2 t]tium alii m$ium ex duobus1 alii floridum 7namque id appellant7 addid]ant4 ,9 ! next section he goes on to connect ?is triple division ) ! ?ree functions ( ! orator z laid d[n 9 iii4 #e1 #b3 tria sunt item quae prae/>e debeat orator1 ut doceat1 moveat1 delectet4 ,! #8pla9' /yle is especially adapt$ = tea*+ & expla9+3 ! #8gr&' = mov+ ! feel+s2 :ile ( ! #8middle' he says #8ea f]e ratio e/ ut 444 delect&i sive concili&i prae/>e videatur (ficium4' ,cp4 ,ari/4 ,rhet4 i4 #b p4 #acef a #b 7^? :i* conciliate good-w--! m$ium1 l5e1 compositum g5us71 7^? :i* /ir ! passions--! gr&e g5us71 7^? :i* are address$ to ! intellect--! g5us subtile74 ,fur!r on 7xii4 #aj #fd7 he says t ! ?ree classes are typifi$ by ! oratory ( ,m5elaus1 ,ne/or1 & ,ulysses3 cp4 ii4 #ag1 #h & ,gellius1 vi4 #ad4 ,9 anticipation ( ! re/ ( ! section ! ma9 features ( ea* ( ! ?ree /yles may "h be resum$4 ,! #8gr&' is di/+ui%$ by a c>eful avoidance ( ev]y?+ famili> & ord9>y3 x seeks to rise above ! common idiom by a su/a9$ dignity bo? ( ?\ght & language1 & employs a pr(usion ( ornam5t ( e k9d4 ,! #8pla9' /yle is m>k$ by simplicity & cle>ness3 x may employ ! aid ( art1 b x is an art t conceals itself 9 ! avoidance ( ev]y?+ unfamili> & 9 ! arti/ic use ( ! language ( ord9>y life4 ,! #8middle' /yle has m *>m ?an =ce3 :ile n di/+ui%$ = ! excell5cies ( ! o!r species x has a grace & sweetness ( its own1 :5ce its alt]native designation floridum 77 9 ,qu9tilian1 quot$ above3 see note on #hj4 pressa 444 et t5uia1 c41 i4e4 ! subtile g5us1 or #8pla9 /yle4' ,pressus is us$ 9 ,qu9tilian bo? ( a writ] & ( 8 /yle3 x means #8concise' 7premo71 #8t]se1' #de & ! juxtaposition ( t5uis "h %[s t #8pla9 /raight=w>dness' is ! quality ref]r$ to4 ,cp4 xii4 #aj1 #ch t5uiora haec ac pressiora3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #if1 :]e oratio pressior is opp4 to luxuries qua$am quae /ilo depasc5da e/3 ,brut4 #bja att5uate presseque dic]e opp4 to sublate ampleque3 ,qu9t4 viii4 #c1 #dj dic]e abundant] an presse 444 magnifice an subtilit]3 ii4 #h1 #d presso limatoque g5]e dic5di3 #ae non enim satis e/ dic]e presse tantum aut subtilit] aut asp]e4 ,pressum is well def9$ by ,mayor on ?is passage3 #8prun$ ( all rankness1 concise1 quiet1 mod]ate1 self-controll$2 oppos$ to extravagance1 heat1 turgidity1 r$undance'3 cp4 prem]e tum5tia #d #a4 ,to writ]s pressus is appli$ #df1 #ajb3 #b #af3 cp4 xii4 #aj1 #af 7,attici7 pressi et integri 444 7,asiani7 inflati et inanes3 ,brut4 #ea p>um pressi et nimis r$undantes3 ib4 #bjb cav5da presso illi oratori inopia et ieiunitas3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ah inflatus et tum5s nec satis pressus s$ supra modum exultans4--,9 ,cic4 de ,or4 ii4 #ef ,wilk9s ?9ks t pressus 7v]bis aptus et pressus--( ,?ucydides7 means #8precise1' n #8concise'3 comp>+ de ,f94 iv4 #aj1 #bd mihi placet agi subtilius et pressius3 ,tusc4 iv4 #g1 #ad def9iunt pressius3 ,cic4 ,hort5s4 ,fragm4 #df 7,bait]7 #8pressum1 subtile1 ,m4 ,tullius 9 ,hort5sio1 quis te aut e/ aut fuit unquam 9 p>tiundis rebus1 9 def9i5dis1 9 explic&is pressior8' ,cp4 ,qu9t1 iv4 #b1 #aag pressus et velut adplicitus rei cultus4--,! ^w frequ5tly occurs 9 ,pl9y3 see ,mayor on iii4 #ah1 #aj4 t5uia3 #fd3 #b #ai4 ,! ,greek equival5ts are 1 1 4 ,cp ,or4 #bj1 :]e ,s&ys says 8,! prim>y mean+ ( t5uis is #8?9'2 its metaphorical use z an epi!t ( /yle is d]iv$1 n f ! notion ( slimness & sl5d]ness ( =m 7l & gracilis71 b f ?9ness & f95ess ( texture 7#abd #8t5uis causa1' #8t5ue argum5t&i filum'2 ,qu9t4 ix4 #d1 #ag illud 9 ,lysia dic5di textum t5ue atque rasum1 al4 r>um74 ,cp4 subtilis & simplex40 ,! ^w is us$ 9 a depreciatory s5se xii4 #h1 #a neque enim quisquam tam +5io t5ui rep]ietur qui1 cum omnia quae sunt 9 causa dilig5t] cognov]it ad doc5dum c]te iudicem non sufficiat4 ,9 ?is s5se ,hor4 ,c>4 ii4 #af1 #ch is g5]ally int]pret$3 spiritum ,graiae t5uem ,cam5ae4--,= atque quae1 see ,crit4 ,notes4 demum1 #c #ac3 #f #e3 #8only1' = tantum1 dumtaxat1 ) no indication ( "t1 ?\gh ,frieze says ! use implies #8t "s conclusion has be5 rea*$ z ! only ?+ t rema9s to be accept$ aft] e alt]native has be5 consid]$4' ,s i4 pr4 #c plusquam imponebatur on]is sponte suscepi1 444 simul ne vulg>em viam +ressus ali5is demum ve/igiis insi/]em3 ii4 #ae1 #a bonis demum 7haec7 tribui volunt4 ,suet4 ,aug4 #bd3 ,traian4 ad ,pl94 ,e4 #aj1 #cc4--;,x is1 ( c\rse1 frequ5t 9 ,lat9 ( e p]iod ) pron\ns1 to give emphasis1 l adeo3 ei demum oratori1 ,cic4 de ,or4 ii4 #aca4 usu cotidiano3 xii4 #aj1 #dj ,adhuc quidam nullam esse naturalem putant eloqu5tiam nisi quae sit cotidiano s]moni simillima3 viii4 pr4 #bc sunt optima m9ime arcessita et simplicibus atque ab ipsa v]itate pr(ectis similia1 #be atqui satis ap]te ,cic]o praecep]at #89 dic5do vitium vel maximum esse a vulg>i g5]e orationis 444 abhorr]e'3 xi4 #a1 #f neque humile atque cotidianum s]monis g5us 444 epilogis dabimus4 ,mayor cites ,dion4 ,hal4 ad ,cn4 ,pomp4 de ,plat4 p4 #geh ,r3 id4 de ,lys4 #c3 de ,isocr4 #b & #aa4 sana et v]e ,attica4 ,^? :o take ?is view int]pret ! t]m #8,attic' too n>r[ly3 x compreh5ds ! be/ examples ( all ?ree g5]a4 ,qu9tilian prote/s aga9/ ?is misrepres5tation 9 xii4 #aj1 #ba sq4 quapropt] mihi falli multum vid5tur qui solos esse ,atticos cr$unt t5ues et lucidos et significantes1 s$ quadam eloqu5tiae frugalitate cont5tos ac semp] manum intra pallium cont95tes3 #be quid e/ igitur cur 9 iis demum qui t5ui v5ula p] calculos fluunt ,atticum saporem put5t1 ibi demum ?ymum r$ol]e dicant8 ib4 #bf melius de hoc nom9e s5tiant cr$antque ,attice dic]e esse optime dic]e4 ,! discussion ( ! true & ! false ,atticism holds a place also 9 ! ,brutus ( ,cic]o3 see esp4 #bja sq4 & #bhc-bib1 ! criticism ( ,calvus & 8 s*ool3 cp4 ib4 #ea illam salubritatem ,atticae dictionis et quasi sanitatem 444 ,asiatici oratores 444 p>um pressi et nimis r$undantes4 ,rhodii saniores et ,atticorum similiores4 ,or4 #ij3 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,or4 #h imitemur 444 eos potius qui incorrupta sanitate sunt1 quod e/ proprium ,atticorum3 ib4 #aa1 #ab4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #be omnes 7,calvus1 ,as9ius1 ,caes>1 ,brutus1 ,cic]o7 e&em sanitatem eloqu5tiae prae se f]unt3 cp4 #bf illam ipsam quam #df iactant sanitatem non firmitate s$ ieiunio consequuntur3 ,qu9t4 ii4 #d1 #i macies pro sanitate3 xii4 #aj1 #ae hi sunt enim qui suae imbecillitati sanitatis appellationem1 quae e/ maxime contr>ia1 obt5dunt4 ,s 9 ,greek3 cp4 bona valetudo1 ,brut4 #fd4 elatior +5ii vis1 z 9 ! grave g5us1 or #8gr& /yle'3 ,cic4 ,orat4 #ig-ii4 ,cp4 nihil elatum vi4 #b1 #ai3 ib4 #bj-bd4 ,= ! comp>4 cp4 t]sior #id4 et magis concitata4 ,frequ5tly 9 ,qu9tilian a comp>ative is foll[$ by ! positive ) magis3 cp4 #gd1 #gg1 #hh1 #id1 #abj4 ,= concitata cp4 #gc1 #ij1 #aad1 #aah3 #b #bc3 xii4 #aj1 #bf4 pl5a spiritus3 see on #bg3 cp4 #af1 #fa1 #ajd3 #c #bb4--;,9 ix4 #c1 #a ,qu9tilian obs]ves t 9 8 "t pl5us 0 g5]ally us$ ) ! abl41 :ile 9 ,cic]o x usually has ! g54 ,he himself has bo?4 l5is et nitidi et compositi g5]is1 i4e4 ! #8middle' /yle3 see above1 & on #aba 7) quotation f ,cic4 ,or4 #ba3 cp4 ib4 #ia & #ie-if74 ,cp4 xii4 #aj1 #fj3 & #fg illud l5e aut asc5dit ad =tiora aut ad t5uiora summittitur4 ,! con/ant anti!sis ( su* words z vehem5s1 ac]1 c4 makes x probable t l5is is ! "r read+ "h1 n levis 7see ,crit4 ,notes73 cp4 esp4 ,cic4 de ,or4 ii4 #baa1 :]e l5is atque summissa 7oratio7 is oppos$ to int5ta ac vehem5s 7quae suscipitur ab oratore ad concit&os animos atque omni ratione flect5dos73 de ,or4 i4 #bee s]monis l5itas 444 vis et cont5tio3 ,brut4 #cag alt] remissus et l5is 444 alt] ac]1 v]borum et actionis g5]e commotior3 #8l5is' oppos$ to #8vehem5s' de ,or4 ii4 #eh1 #bjj1 #baa1 #baf & simil>ly to asp] #fd3 ib4 iii4 #g1 #bh3 ,or4 #abg3 ,qu9t4 iii4 #h1 #ea3 vi4 #c1 #hg4 nitidi3 see on #i4 compositi3 see on #gi compositione4 ,x means #8h>moni\s1' #8rhy?mical1' ref]r+ to ! c>eful arrangem5t ( words1 #eb1 #ff3 #b #a4 ,?is is a special feature ( ! #8middle' /yle3 compositione aptus xii4 #aj1 #fj4--7;,dosson r5d]s #8tranquille1' unimpassion$1--a common use ( ! ^w1 b p]haps n s appropriate "h47 de g5]e dic5di3 see xii4 #aj1 #fc-gj1 :]e he tea*es t e v>iety ( /yle 9 oratory has its place & use4 confirm>e facultatem dic5di i4e4 acquire ! firma facilitas ( #a4 ,i3#de ,facile e/ autem /udiosis1 qui s9t 8 simillimi1 iudic>e1 ne quisquam qu]atur omissos =te aliquos quos ipse valde probet2 fateor enim plures leg5dos esse quam qui a me nom9abuntur4 ,s$ nunc g5]a ipsa lectionum1 quae praecipue conv5ire int5d5tibus ut oratores fiant exi/imem1 p]sequ>4 #dg #de4 paucos enim expla9s summatim1 #8= only a few4' ,see ,mayor on ,iuv4 x4 #b3 & cp4 #c1 #h1 #bg1 #ca1 #ce1 #db1 #fg1 #hg = a simil> limitation4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 /udiosis1 us$ absolutely 7cp4 /ud5dum #c #bi71 ( /ud5ts ( lit]ature1 or 7mo/ commonly7 ( /ud5ts ( rhetoric4 ,s i4 pr4 #bc3 ii4 #aj1 #ae3 xii4 #aj1 #fb3 & 7) iuv5is7 #c #cb3 xii4 #aa1 #ca4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,or4 #ac 7possibly ) dic5di73 ,pl94 ,ep4 iii4 #e1 #b 7:]e see ,mayor's note73 ib4 iv4 #ac1 #aj3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ba4 ne quisquam qu]atur3 i4e4 quod commemoro propt]ea1 ne 444 #8,i say ?is1 le/1' c4--,= qui a me1 see ,crit4 ,notes4 g5]a ipsa3 "h & 9 #ajd g5]a classes or k9ds1 z repres5t$ by _! *>act]i/ic or typical writ]s4--8,= ipsum 9 ! s5se ( #8m]ely' cp4 de ,or4 ii4 #aji1 #bai1 #cjf3 ib4 iii4 #bbb3 pro ,balb4 #cc3 ad ,qu9t4 ,fratr4 i4 #c1 #f3 ,val4 ,max4 iii4 #b1 #g3 ,qu9t4 ix4 #b1 #dd3 x4 #a1 #ajc40--,reid1 on ,orator 7,s&ys71 #aha4 lectionum3 #8:at is to be read4' ,= ! passive use cp4 ,s54 ,tranq4 i4 #ab ubi lectio =tior erexit animum et aculeos #dg subdid]unt exempla nobilia4 ,! plural occurs only "h 9 ,qu9tilian3 else:]e ! ^w is s+ul>1 ) an ab/ract mean+3 b cp4 #ai4--,note ! accumulation ( v]bs at ! end ( ! s5t5ce4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,argum5t 7#df-hd7 #df-hd4 ,,greek ,,lit]ature4 #df-gb4 ,greek ,poetry4 #df-fa4 ,epic1 didactic1 pa/oral1 elegiac1 iambic1 & lyric poetry prop]4 ,! praise ( ,hom]1 #df-ea3 #8x is mu* to und]/&1 impossible to rival1 8 greatness4' ,hesiod is ri* 9 moral maxims1 & a ma/] ( ! #8middle /yle'3 ,antima*us1 ,panyasis1 ,apollonius1 ,aratus1 ,!ocritus1 & o!rs1 #eb-eg4 ,a ^w 9 pass+ ab\t ! elegiac poets1 repres5t$ by ,callima*us & ,philetas1 #eh4 ,( iambographi ! typical writ] is ,ar*ilo*us1 #ei-fj4 ,! *ief lyric poets are ,p9d> 7#fa71 ,/esi*orus 7#fb71 ,alcaeus 7#fc71 & ,simonides 7#fd74 #fe-gb4 ,dramatic poetry4 ,! ,old ,com$y 7#fe-ff7 ) its pure ,attic diction & fre$om ( political criticism is m ak9 to oratory & m fitt$ to =m ! orator ?an any o!r class ( poetry1--always except+ ,hom]4 ,trag$y 7#fg-fh7 is repres5t$ by ,aes*ylus1 ,sophocles1 & ,euripides3 ( ! latt] two ,euripides is m useful = ! orator4 ,he 0 imitat$ by ,m5&] 7#fi-gb71 ! #8mirror ( life1' :o might alone suffice to =m ! orator4 ,m5&]'s sup]iority to all o!r comic dramati/s4 #gc-ge4 ,greek ,hi/orians4 ,! pregnant brevity ( ,?ucydides1 ! *>m & transp>5cy ( ,h]odotus4 ,!opompus3 ,phili/us 7#8! little ,?ucydides'73 ,ephorus1 & o!rs4 #gf-hj4 ,greek ,orators4 ,demo/h5es ! /&>d ( eloqu5ce1 9 :om !re is no?+ ei!r too #c mu* or too little4 ,aes*9es m diffuse3 #8m fle%1 less muscle4' ,hyp]ides is pleas+1 b m at home 9 less important causes4 ,lysias resembles a cle> spr+ r ?an a full riv]4 ,isocrates belongs to ! gymnasium r ?an to ! field ( battle3 9 arrangem5t punctili\s to a fault4 ,demetrius ( ,phal]um ! la/ ,a!nian wor?y ( ! "n ( orator4 #ha-hd4 ,greek ,philosoph]s4 ,bo? 9 respect ( reason+ p[] & = beauty ( /yle1 ,plato holds ! fir/ place4 ,( ,x5ophon's artless *>m x might be said t #8,p]suasion h]self p]*$ ^u 8 lips4' ,ari/otle is fam\s alike = k1 productiv5ess1 grace ( /yle1 inv5tion1 & v]satility4 ,!ophra/us ow$ ev5 8 "n to ! div9e spl5d\r ( 8 language4 ,! ,/oics 7 ! *ampions ( virtue1 & %[$ _! /r5g? 9 def5d+ _! t5ets3 ! gr& /yle !y did n affect4 ,i3#df ,igitur1 ut ,aratus ab ,iove incipi5dum putat1 ita nos rite coepturi ab ,hom]o videmur4 ,hic enim1 quem ad modum ex ,oceano dicit ipse omnium flum9um fontiumque cursus initium cap]e1 omnibus eloqu5tiae p>tibus exemplum et ortum d$it4 #dh ,hunc nemo 9 magnis rebus sublimitate1 9 p>vis proprietate sup]av]it4 ,idem laetus ac pressus1 iucundus et gravis1 tum copia tum brevitate mirabilis1 nec poetica modo1 s$ oratoria virtute em95tissimus4 #df4 ab ,iove incipi5dum4 ,pha5om4 #a 4 ,cic4 de ,rep4 i4 #cf imitemur 7al4 mitabor ergo7 ,aratum qui magnis de rebus dic]e exordi5s a ,iove incipi5dum putat 444 rite ab eo dic5di pr9cipium capiamus4 ,s ,!ocr4 xvii4 #a --imitat$ by ,v]gil1 ,ecl4 iii4 #fj ,ab ,iove pr9cipium musae3 cp4 ,hor4 ,od4 i4 #ab1 #ac quid prius dicam solitis p>5tis laudibus8--,= ,aratus see on #ee rite4 ,cp4 #he ut apud illos 7,graecos7 ,hom]us sic apud nos ,v]gilius auspicatissimum d$]it exordium4 8,su* a comm5cem5t w be a sort ( consecration ( ! :ole c\rse2 x is ! solemn & auspici\s ord] ( proce$+40--,mayor4 coepturi 444 videmur3 sc4 nobis3 cp4 #ef3 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #a1 #b3 ii4 #e4--;,= ! p>ticiple in/ead ( ! fut4 inf4 cp4 v4 pr4 #e eius praecepta sic optime divisuri videmur3 ib4 #g #ac3 i4 #b1 #b3 ii4 #e1 #c3 vi4 pr4 #a hanc optimam p>tem relicturus h]$itatis videb>3 ib4 #d1 #a3 vii4 #b1 #db4 ,be*] 7,quae/4 ,gramm4 p4 #af7 expla9s ! usage by assum+ an ellipse1 s t #8rite coepturi ab ,hom]o videmur' #8nos ab ,hom]o coepturi rite coepisse videmur'2 b ?is is unnecess>y1 & ! collocation ( coepturi & coepisse 9 fact impossible4 ab ,hom]o4 ,s 9 ! s*ools i4 #h1 #e ideoque optime in/itutum e/ ut ab ,hom]o atque ,v]gilio lectio incip]et3 cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #ad1 #b4 ex ,oceano4 ,il4 xxi4 #aie-aig 4--,dion4 ,hal4 uses ! same image de ,comp4 ,v]b4 #bd 1 4 ,cp4 ,ovid1 ,amor4 iii4 #i1 #be ,aspice ,maeonid51 a quo1 ceu fonte p]5ni1 ,vatum ,pi]iis ora rigantur aquis4 omnium flum9um fontiumque4 ,= ! read+ see ,crit4 ,notes3 cp4 #gh4 omnibus eloqu5tiae p>tibus4 ,eu/a?ius pr4 ad ,odys4 p4 #acgi 1 3 ,manilius1 ,a/r4 ii4 #h ,cuiusque ex ore pr(usos ,omnis po/]itas latices 9 c>m9a duxit ,amnemque 9 t5ues ausa e/ diduc]e rivos ,unius fecunda bonis4 ,cp4 ! ref]5ces to ,hom] 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( lit]ature dealt ) by ,qu9tilian3 #fb1 #fe1 #ha1 #he1 #hf4 ,s xii4 #aa1 #ba 9 quo 7sc4 ,hom]o7 nullius non artis aut op]a p]fecta aut c]te non dubia ve/igia rep]iuntur4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #dj ornatus 9 dic5do et plane orator4 ,hom]'s influ5ce on all lat] culture is a common-place 9 anci5t writ]s4 ,specially 9 reg>d to oratory1 ! spee*es ( 8 ?ree h]oes 7 tak5 z types ( ?ree /yles ( rhetoric3 xii4 #aj1 #fd3 ii4 #ag1 #h4 ,! eulogy "h pron\nc$ on him is sy/ematically arrang$ ) ref]5ce to ! ess5tial elem5ts ( practical oratory4 ,aft] allud+ to 7#a7 ! ?ree k9ds ( oratory 7see notes on #dd7 9 ! t]ms sublimitas1 proprietas1 pressus1 laetus 7#df71 he passes 7#b7 to ! two classes ( practical spee*es1 judicial & delib]ative 7litium ac consiliorum7 7#dg73 & !n ref]s to 7#c7 ! ma/]y ( ! emotions 7adfectus7 7#dh73 7#d7 ! con/itu5t p>ts ( a regul> =5sic spee*--7prooemium1 g5]a prob&i ac refut&i1 epilogus7 7#dh1 #di1 #ej73 7#e7 well-*os5 t]ms1 well-put ?\ghts1 lively figures1 & ev]y:]e cle> arrangem5t 7dispositio7 7#ej74 8,9 ?is notice ( ,hom] & 9 t ( ,cic]o 7#aje sqq47 & ( ,s5eca 7#abe sqq47 ,qu9tilian introduces m ( detail ?an 9 8 brief rem>ks on ! re/ ( ! au?ors 9 8 sket*4 ,9 g5]al 8 plan1 z indicat$ above 9 #dd1 #de1 is to m5tion ! typical writ]s ( diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( lit]ature be/ adapt$ to ! purposes ( ! orator or =5sic advocate1 & 9 a few words to po9t out _! *>act]i/ics ) p>ticul> ref]5ce to _! fitness z exempl>s ( oratorical /yle1 or 4 ,z ?is is 8 sole aim1 s di/9ctly /at$1 ! /rictures ( "s critics on ! brevity & meagr5ess ( ^! notices %[ t !y h fail$ to compreh5d ! purpose ( ! au?or40--,frieze4 #dh sublimitate3 #bg3 viii4 #f1 #aa4 proprietate4 ,"h ?is ^w furni%es a sort ( anti!sis to sublimitas1 & means #8suitability1' #8simplicity1' #8naturalness'3 cp4 ! def9ition giv5 at viii4 #b1 #a sua cuiusque rei appellatio4 ,9 ! same s5se #fd s]mone proprio1 ( an easy & unaffect$ /yle4 ,a diff]5t use ( proprius w be f\nd at #f 7:]e see note73 #bi3 #e #h4 sup]av]it4 ,= ?is subj4 ( modifi$ ass]tion cp4 on fu]it #cg4 laetus1 #8fl[]y1' i4e4 ri*1 ornate1 exub]ant4 ,cp4 #b #af3 xii4 #aj1 #hj3 xi4 #a1 #di4 ,?is use is ak9 to t by :i* ! ^w is employ$ z a metaphor to d5ote ri*ness ( vegetation3 ,v]g4 ,georg4 i4 #a & #gd 7cp4 note on #e #ad73 & also ( ! sleek condition ( well-f$ cattle3 ,a54 iii4 #bbj4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #aee4--,!re is no ne$ = ,francius's conj4 latus or ,kraff]t's latior 7cp4 xii4 #aj1 #bc71 or ,gu/affson's elatus 7#d #a74 pressus1 prun$1 trimm$ d[n1 #8*a/e1' #8concise'3 see on #dd4 iucundus et gravis1 #8sprightly & s]i\s4' ,s #aai iucundus et delectationi natus3 & iucunditas #fd1 #hb3 #b #bc4 ,mayor cites ,pl94 ,ep4 iv4 #c1 #b nam sev]itatem i/am p>i iucunditate condire summaeque gravitati tantum comitatis adiung]e non m9us difficile quam magnum e/3 ib4 v4 #ag1 #b 7( ,calpurnius ,piso7 excelsa depressis1 exilia pl5is1 sev]is iucunda mutabat4 tum 444 tum3 a usage 7frequ5t 9 ,cic]o7 :i* ,qu9tilian s\ght to revive4 ,wlffl91 ,ar*iv f4 ,lexikogr4 ii4 p4 #bda4 ,i3#dg ,nam ut de laudibus1 exhortationibus1 #di consolationibus taceam1 nonne vel nonus lib]1 quo missa ad ,a*ill5 legatio cont9etur1 vel 9 primo int] duces illa cont5tio vel dictae 9 secundo s5t5tiae omnes litium ac consiliorum explicant artes8 #dg4 ,nam ut1 c4 ,?is s5t5ce conta9s ! pro( ( ,hom]'s oratoria virtus3 he furni%es models ( ! ?ree recognis$ /yles ( rhetoric1 7#a7 g5us demon/rativum 77 or laudativum3 7#b7 g5us delib]ativum sive suasorium 773 & 7#c7 g5us iudiciale 774 ,cp4 iii4 #d4 ,cope ,ari/4 ,rhet4 introd4 #aah-abc1 & ! notes on #ac #a3 ,cic4 de ,inv4 i4 #g1 #h1 #ab3 ii4 #ab1 #ac3 ,orat4 ,"p4 #aj-ad1 #fi-ach3 de ,orat4 i4 #ada & ,wilk9s' introd4 p4 #ef4 ,9 ! words ut 444 taceam1 ,qu9tilian passes lightly ov] ! ma9 features ( ! 7set spee*es aim+ at display--1 #8o/5tatio declamatoria' iv4 #c1 #b71 9 ord] to dwell m specially on ! appropriat5ess ( ! /udy ( ,hom] ) ref]5ce to =5sic & legislative debates 7litium ac consiliorum74 ,9 do+ s1 he no d\bt wi%es to indicate ! relative importance ( ! ?ree k9ds = ! practical tra9+ ( ! orator1 j z ,cic]o 7,or4 #cg-db7 re/ricts 8 portraiture ( ! p]fect orator to ! practical oratory ( public life1 i4e4 ! delib]ative & =5sic bran*es1 to ! exclusion ( ! 4 laudibus4 ,^! belong di/9ctly to ! epideictic bran*1 = :i* see iii4 #d1 #ab3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ca 9 laudationibus de hone/ate diss]imus4 ,s & 3 see ,volkmann1 ,rhet4 #cc4 ,z examples ( laudationes may be cit$ ,cic]o's ,eulogy on ,cato 7,or4 #ce7 & 8 si/] ,porcia 7ad ,att4 xiii4 #cg1 #c73 & 9 ,greek ! ,evagoras & ,hel5ae ,encomium ( ,isocrates4 exhortationibus might 9 itself 7l consolationibus3 cp4 xi4 #c1 #aec7 be us$ ( ! g5us delib]ativum1 :i* includ$ ! suasoriae 7,tac4 ,dial4 #ce7--#8;consilium d$imus ,sullae privatus ut altum dormiret'1 ,iuv4 i4 #af2 & 9 ord] to f9d a ref]5ce 9 ea* ( ! ?ree items enum]at$ to ! ?ree k9ds ( rhetoric1 ,kraff]t propos$ to read consultationibus = consolationibus 7cp4 controv]siae ,tac4 ,dial4 #ce71 s t laudibus %\ld laudativum g5us1 exhortationibus delib]ativum1 & consultationibus iudiciale4 ,b ?is is a misund]/&+ ( ,qu9tilian's mean+4 ,exhortatio & consolatio may easily ent] into a 1 a spee* writt5 = display & n = deliv]y 9 public1 j z suasio does 9 ! passage ( ! ,orator ref]r$ to above3 laudationum et hi/ori>um et 444 suasionum 444 reliqu>umque scriptionum =mam1 quae absunt a =5si cont5tione1 eiusque totius g5]is1 quod ,graece nom9atur 444 non complect> hoc tempore 7#cg74 ,cp4 ,qu9t4 iii4 #d1 #ad an quisquam negav]it ,panegyricos esse8 atqui =mam suad5di hab5t1 c4 #di legatio ( ,odysseus1 ,aias1 & ,pho5ix3 cont5tio betwe5 ,a*illes & ,agamemnon3 dictae 444 s5t5tiae3 ! c\ncil ( w> 7,agamemnon1 ,ulysses1 ,ne/or1 ,!rsites7 ,il4 ii4 #dj-cid4--,! selection f a poet ( su* passages z seem$ to be> mo/ closely on ! tra9+ ( a /ud5t ( rhetoric 0 a famili> process 9 anci5t s*ools4 litium ac consiliorum4 ,^! words conta9 a di/9ct ref]5ce to ! g5us iudiciale & ! g5us delib]ativum1 respectively1--to ! exclusion ( ! g5us demon/rativum1 i4e4 ! #8epideictic' or non-practical k9d ( spee*es4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #bb ,graecos 444 video 444 seposuisse a cet]is dictionibus eam p>tem dic5di quae 9 =5sibus disceptationibus iudiciorum aut delib]ationum v]s>etur3 cp4 suasoriae et controv]siae ,tac4 ,dial4 #ce4 ,! prom95ce giv5 to litium ac consiliorum %[s t ,pr(essor ,mayor is wrong 9 see+ 9 exhortationibus & consolationibus above a specific ref]5ce to ! #8g5us delib]ativum'3 t w\ld involve a duplicate enum]ation4 artes3 ! #8rules ( art1' or te*nical precepts ( ! rhetoricians4 ,see on #ae exempla pot5tiora 444 ipsis quae traduntur artibus4 ,i3#dh ,adfectus quidem vel illos mites vel hos concitatos nemo erit tam indoctus qui non 9 sua pote/ate hunc auctorem habuisse fateatur4 ,age v]o1 non utriusque op]is sui +ressu 9 paucissimis v]sibus legem prooemiorum non dico s]vavit1 s$ con/ituit8 ,nam b5evolum auditorem invocatione de>um #ej quas praesid]e vatibus cr$itum e/1 et int5tum proposita r]um magnitud9e1 et docilem summa cel]it] compreh5sa facit4 #dh4 ,adfectus quidem1 c4 ,9 ! passage :i* ,qu9tilian may h _h 9 view4 ,dionysius1 aft] %[+1 z ,qu9tilian has done1 t ,hom] is admirable 9 e respect1 & n 9 "o only1 goes on to say t he is a ma/] 9 p>ticul> ( ! & 1 ( 7r]um magnitud9e #dh7 & ( 79 dispositione totius op]is #ej73 1 1 1 3 #b 7,us5]1 p4 #ai74 ,see :at ,qu9tilian says ( adfectus 9 vi4 #b #h-aj3 esp4 adfectus igitur concitatos 1 mites atque compositos esse dix]unt3 & cp4 #gc & #aja bel[4 ,illos 444 hos indicates :at 0 a well-kn[n anti!sis4 ,! =m] 77 7 habitual & *>act]i/ic conditions ( individual m9ds3 ! latt] 77 = ! mo/ "p occasional 7temporale vi4 #b1 #aj71 & m mov+ 7p]turbatio ib474 tam 444 qui3 see on #da4 auctorem3 #8ma/]1' #8tea*]4' ,cp1 on #bd4 ,age v]o3 #8& fur!r1' a =mula ( transition g5]ally lead+ to some?+ m important4 ,"h x introduces ! five con/itu5t p>ts ( an oration1 exordium 771 n>ratio1 probatio1 refutatio 71 or or 1 or #di71 p]oratio 774 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,or4 #abb & de ,orat4 ii4 #hj ) ,s&ys' & ,wilk9s' notes3 de ,inv4 i4 #ai3 ,cornif4 ad ,h]5n4 i4 #d4 +ressu3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 non dico 444 s$4 ,s #g #b3 cp4 i4 #aj1 #ce4 legem prooemiorum 444 con/ituit3 iv4 #a1 #cd docilem s9e dubio et haec ipsa prae/at att5tio1 s$ et illud1 si brevit] et dilucide summam rei1 de qua cognosc]e debeat1 iudicav]imus3 quod ,hom]us atque ,v]gilius op]um suorum pr9cipiis faciunt3 ib4 #db ut sit 9 pr9cipiis recta b5evol5tiae et att5tionis po/ulatio3 ,hor4 ,ars ,poet4 #adj4 b5evolum 444 int5tum 444 docilem4 ,! orator's fir/ task is to ga9 ! good-w ( 8 he>]s1 & to secure _! att5tion4 ,cp4 iv4 i1 #e causa pr9cipii 7i4e4 prooemii1 exordii7 nulla alia e/ quam ut auditorem1 quo sit nobis 9 cet]is p>tibus accommodatior1 praep>emus4 ,id fi]i tribus maxime rebus int] auctores plurimos con/at1 si b5evolum att5tum docilem fec]imus3 iii4 #e1 #b3 xi4 #a1 #f4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #aae & #ej #cbb-c3 ,brut4 #ahe4 ,mayor cites ,dion4 ,hal4 de ,lysia #ag 1 1 1 4 invocatione de>um4 1 1 & 1 4 vatibus3 #8b>ds1' in/9ctis div9o spiritu vatibus xii4 #aj1 #bd3 ,v]g4 ,eclog4 ix4 #cb me fec]e poetam ,pi]ides 444 me quoque dicunt vatem pa/ores4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #i ,saleium no/rum1 egregium poetam1 vel si hoc honorific5tius e/1 praecl>issimum vatem4 ,poeta1 :i* is sometimes us$ slight+ly ( v]se-mak]s 7,cic4 9 ,pis4 #bi ut ass5tatorem1 ut poetam3 ,tusc4 i4 #b quod 9 prov9ciam poetas duxisset71 _h n ! same solemn associations z vates4 cr$itum e/3 z at #d #a3 cp4 ii4 #ae1 #g4 ,! p]fect is cont9u\s 4 ,! p]sonal con/ruction occurs at #abe4 ,= ! imp]sonal cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 ii4 #fi4 #8,tacitus appe>s to pref] ! p]sonal con/ruction :5 a s+le p]sonal subject is spok5 (1 & ! imp]sonal 9 o!r cases1 b ev5 ?is rule is by no means )\t exceptions' ,furneaux1 ,introd4 to ,annals1 p4 #de4 int5tum 444 magnitud9e4 ,cic4 de ,inv4 i4 #bc att5tos autem faciemus si demon/rabimus ea quae dicturi erimus magna nova incr$ibilia esse4 docilem3 #8receptive'2 iv4 #a1 #cd 7cit$ above on legem prooemiorum71 ad ,h]5n4 i4 #g dociles auditores hab]e pot]imus1 si summam causae brevit] exponemus4 compreh5sa3 cp4 xi4 #a1 #ea3 ix4 #c1 #ia compreh5sa brevit] s5t5tia4 ,s ,lucr4 vi4 #ajhc s$ brevit] paucis prae/at compr5d]e multa3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #cd4 ,s t cel]it] "h almo/ brevit]4 ,i3#di ,n>r>e v]o quis brevius quam qui mortem nuntiat ,patrocli1 quis significantius pote/ quam qui ,curetum ,aetolorumque proelium exponit8 ,iam similitud9es1 amplificationes1 exempla1 digressus1 signa r]um et argum5ta cet]aque g5]a prob&i #ea ac refut&i sunt ita multa ut etiam qui de artibus scrips]unt plurima e>um r]um te/imonia ab hoc poeta petant4 #di4 n>r>e3 iv4 #b1 #ca eam 7n>rationem7 pl]ique scriptores 444 volunt esse lucidam1 brevem1 v]i similem3 ,cic4 de ,inv4 i4 #bh brevis1 ap]ta1 probabilis4 qui 444 nuntiat3 ,antilo*us1 ,il4 xviii4 #ah4 ,8 seems to h become prov]bial3 ,pl9y ,ep4 iv4 #aa1 #ab4 significantius3 #8m graphically1' or #8) m =ce ( expression4' ,cp4 significantia #aba4 qui 444 exponit1 ,pho5ix1 9 ,il4 ix4 #ebi sqq4 iam1 transitional p>ticle1 z (t5 9 ,cic]o3 #ih1 #aaa4 similitud9es4 v4 #aa1 #a t]tium g5us ex iis quae extr9secus adducuntur 9 causam ,graeci vocant 1 quo nom9e et g5]alit] usi sunt 9 omni similium adpositione et specialit] 9 iis quae r]um ge/>um auctoritate nituntur4 ,no/ri f]e similitud9em voc>e malu]unt quod ab illis dicitur1 hoc alt]um exemplum3 viii4 #c1 #gb praecl>e ad inf]5dam rebus lucem rep]tae sunt similitud9es 7i4e4 ! use ( simile74 amplificationes 7,cic4 ,or4 #abe74 ,! v>i\s rhetorical means ( exp&+ & develop+ an idea 9 expression are discuss$ 9 viii4 #d1 #c "u ! heads ( increm5tum1 comp>atio1 ratioc9atio1 & cong]ies4 ,ad ,h]5n4 ii4 #dg amplificatio e/ res quae p] locum communem in/igationis auditorum causa sumitur4 exempla3 v4 #aa1 #f pot5tissimum autem e/ int] ea quae sunt huius g5]is exemplum1 id e/ rei ge/ae aut ut ge/ae utilis ad p]suad5dum id quod int5d]is commemoratio3 ib4 #b #a3 ,cic4 de ,inv4 i4 #di4 ,! /ock illu/ration is t giv5 9 ,ari/otle's ,rhetoric3 8if a man has ask$ = a bodygu>d1 & ! speak] wi%es to %[ t ! aim is a tyranny1 he may quote ! #8in/ances' 77 ( ,dionysius & ,pisi/ratus40 digressus1 #8episodes'3 cp4 on #cc4 signa r]um et argum5ta3 ! #8evid5ce ( mat]ial facts' & #8inf]5ces4' ,9 ! =m] we h s5sible pro( ( ?+s 7e4g4 cru5ta ve/is1 clamor1 livor1 c4 v4 #i1 #a72 9 ! latt] logical d$uctions f circum/antial facts3 v4 #aj1 #aa cum sit argum5tum ratio probationem prae/ans1 qua colligitur aliquid p] aliud1 et quae quod e/ dubium p] id quod dubium non e/ confirmat4 ,to di/+ui% signa f argum5ta ,qu9tilian says v4 #i1 #a nec inv5iuntur ab oratore #ea s$ ad eam cum ipsa cansa def]untur3 & aga91 signa sive indubitata sunt1 non sunt argum5ta1 quia1 ubi illa sunt1 quae/io non e/1 argum5to autem nisi 9 re controv]sa locus esse non pote/3 sive dubia non sunt argum5ta1 s$ ipsa argum5tis eg5t3 ,cic4 de ,inv4 #dh4 ,= argum5ta see v4 #aj1 #a hoc 444 nom9e complectimur omnia quae ,graeci 1 1 vocant3 ib4 #aj-ab4 cet]aque g5]a3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 prob&i4 ,aft] n>ratio comes probatio or 7z m commonly 9 ,cic]o1 e4g4 de ,inv4 i4 #cd7 confirmatio 7see on #e #ab74 ,s ii4 #ag1 #f n>r5t1 prob5t1 refut5t4 ,cp4 iv4 #b1 #gi aut quid int] probationem et n>rationem int]e/1 nisi quod n>ratio e/ probationis cont9ua propositio1 rursus probatio n>rationi congru5s confirmatio8 ,= ! probationes artificiales 7 7 see v4 *s4 #h-ab3 = ! probationes in>tificiales ib4 *s4 #a-g4 refut&i4 ,= ,qu9tilian's def9ition see v4 #ac1 #a sq41 & cp4 note on de/ructio #e #ab4 ,cic]o (t5 uses refell]e3 de ,orat4 ii4 #afc aut ad prob&um aut ad refell5dum4 ,= refut>e cp4 ib4 #hj no/ra confirm>e argum5tis ac rationibus1 de9de contr>ia refut>e3 #bjc1 #cjg1 #cab4--;,9 de ,prov4 ,cons4 #cb & de ,h>4 ,resp4 #g 7conatum refutabo7 ! ^w is us$ 9 ! s5se ( repell]e4 artibus1 ! #8pr9ciples ( rhetoric'3 #ae & #dg4 te/imonia1 #8illu/rations1' confirmatory examples4 ,cp4 i4 #h1 #ab4 #8,hom]us' 9 ! index to mo/ ,greek & ,lat9 au?ors w supply evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ,qu9tilian's /atem5t4 ,cic4 ad ,att4 i4 #af1 #a respondebo tibi 3 ,pl94 ,ep4 iii4 #i1 #bh praepo/]e 444 facit hoc ,hom]us multique illius exemplo4 ,i3#ej ,nam epilogus quidem quis umquam pot]it illis ,priami rogantis ,a*ill5 precibus aequ>i8 ,quid8 ,9 v]bis1 s5t5tiis1 figuris1 dispositione totius op]is nonne humani +5ii modum exc$it8 ut magni sit virtutes eius non aemulatione1 quod fi]i non #eb pote/1 s$ intellectu sequi4 #ej4 nam4 ,see on #ab3 cp4 #i1 #ej4 epilogus p]oratio3 see note on #ajg4 ,! advocate w f9d _m pa!tic & mov+ passages 9 ,hom] su* z w be s]viceable = 8 clos+ appeal1 :i* is g5]ally address$ to ! feel+s & he>ts ( 8 he>]s2 vii4 #d1 #ai epilogi omnes 9 eadem f]e mat]ia v]s>i sol5t3 vi4 #a1 #a eius 7p]orationis7 duplex ratio e/1 posita aut 9 rebus aut 9 adfectibus4 ,cic]o uses conclusio z a synonym1 de ,inv4 i4 #ih1 :]e he says x has ?ree p>ts1 enum]atio1 indignatio1 & conque/io1 def9+ ! la/ 7#ajf7 z oratio auditorum mis]icordiam captans4 9 hac primum animum auditoris mitem et mis]icordem confic]e oportet4--,= ,priam's entreaty see ,il4 xxiv4 #dhf sqq4 ,quid8 444 nonne3 cp4 ,cic4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 i4 #aai4 ,s ) non #ef bel[1 & #b #be4 v]bis1 s5t5tiis1 figuris3 xii4 #i1 #f v]borum quidem dilectus1 gravitas s5t5ti>um1 figur>um elegantia4 ,= figurae see on #ab4 ,s5t5tiis #eb1 #fj1 #fh1 #ij1 #ajb1 #abi1 #acj3 #b #ag3 #e #d4 ,see viii4 #e1 #a sq4 consuetudo iam t5uit ut m5te concepta s5sus voc>emus1 lum9a autem praecipueque 9 clausulis posita s5t5tias 444 antiquissimae sunt quae proprie1 quamvis omnibus idem nom5 sit1 s5t5tiae vocantur1 quas ,graeci appellant3 utrumque autem nom5 ex eo accep]unt quod similes sunt consiliis aut decretis4 e/ autem haec vox univ]salis1 quae etiam citra complexum causae possit esse laudabilis1 c4 dispositione 3 see on adfectus #dh4 ,cp4 #e #ad4 humani +5ii modum3 #hf ut illi naturae caele/i atque immortali cess]imus4 ut magni sit4 ,!re has be5 "s controv]sy ov] ?is4 ,! text is be/ expla9$ by supply+ +5ii out ( :at imm$iately prec$es4 ,o!rs supply viri1 :i* is actually giv5 9 "s ( ! lat] ,,mss43 :ile o!rs aga9 take magni z a g54 ( price #8( great value1' or #8wor? mu*4' ,wrobel ?9ks x c /& alone1 z res magni e/3 i4e4 x #8takes a good deal' ev5 to appreciate ,hom]'s excell5ces4 ,kid]l9 supposes t spiritus has fall5 out1 & comp>es i4 #i1 #f4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 #eb intellectu sequi3 ii4 #e1 #ba neque vim eorum adhuc intellectu consequ5tur4 ,i3#ea ,v]um hic omnes s9e dubio et 9 omni g5]e eloqu5tiae procul a se reliquit1 epicos tam5 praecipue1 videlicet quia cl>issima 9 mat]ia simili comp>atio e/4 #ea4 s9e dubio3 see ,introd4 p4 liii4 cl>issima comp>atio3 #8! contra/ is mo/ /rik+4' ,i3#eb ,r>o adsurgit ,hesiodus magnaque p>s eius 9 nom9ibus e/ occupata1 tam5 utiles circa praecepta s5t5tiae levitasque v]borum et compositionis probabilis1 daturque ei palma 9 illo m$io g5]e dic5di4 #eb4 adsurgit3 cp4 insurgit #if3 #b #bc3 i4 #h1 #e sublimitate h]oi c>m9is animus adsurgat4--,if ,hesiod #8seldom so>s' x is because 9 him epic poetry has desc5d$ to ! sph]e ( common life4 ,hom] 0 ! b>d ( #8w>riors & noble m5' 9 ! brave days ( old4 ,hesiod is ! poet ( ! p1 e>n+ _! daily bread 9 ! lab\r ( ! field4 p>s eius3 metonymy = p>s c>m9um eius2 cp4 on #ca poetis4--,gemoll proposes to read op]is eius3 cp4 #ce & #fc4 9 nom9ibus3 specially 9 ! ,!ogony3 e4g4 #bbf sqq41 #ccg sqq4 circa3 #89 reg>d to'3 #b #ad3 #e #e1 #f4 ,su* uses ( circa 7l 1 1 c4 acc47 are v frequ5t 9 ,qu9tilian & lat] writ]s3 ii4 #af1 #ad circa quae omnia multus hom9ibus labor3 iii4 #aa1 #e circa v]ba diss5sio4 ,also ) v]bs ,pr4 #bj circa ima subsi/]e3 vii4 #a1 #ed circa patrem qua]imus2 & = #89 ! "t (' 7l 7 ii4 #d1 #da circa ,demetrium ,phal]ea4 ,x is also us$ absolutely ix4 #b1 #de omnia circa f]e recta sunt3 cp4 #g #af bel[4 ,= exx4 f o!r writ]s see ,h&1 ,turs4 ii4 pp4 #ff-h4 praecepta4 ,l9dn] translates #8,lehrvors*rift54' ,! ref]5ce is to ,hesiod's prov]bial philosophy3 #8maxims ( moral wisdom4' s5t5tiae3 #ej4 ,see ,dunck]'s ,greece1 vol4 i4 p4 #dhe3 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 vi4 #ah1 #e ,lepta suavissimus ediscat ,hesiodum et habeat 9 ore et cet]a3 ,brut4 #ae illud ,hesiodium laudatur a doctis1 quod eadem m5sura r$d]e iubet qua accep]is1 aut etiam cumulatiore1 si possis4 ,cp4 ,crit4 ,notes4 levitas v]borum et compositionis4 ,"h ,qu9tilian is aga9 9 exact agreem5t ) ,dion4 ,hal4 #b 7,us5]1 p4 #ai71 4 ,x is also to be not$ t ,dionysius names ,hesiod1 ,antima*us1 & ,panyasis aft] ,hom]4--,mayor cites ,demetrius #agf1 :o #8calls t :i* has _m v[els1 z 1--opp4 to z 2 ib4 #bii he def9es 1 su* z ! s*ool ( ,isocrates cultivat$1 ! pa9ful avoidance ( hiatus4' ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #aga /ru]e v]ba sic ut neve asp] eorum concursus neve hiulcus sit1 s$ quodam modo coagm5tatus et levis3 cp4 #agb3 ,or4 #bj3 ,qu9t1 ii4 #e1 #i levis et quadrata 444 compositio3 viii4 #c1 #f4--;,= compositio 7! comb9ation ( words7 see on #gi3 & cp4 #dd1 #ff1 #aah3 #b #ac3 #c #i3 viii4 *4 #d1 esp4 #bb 9 omni porro compositione tria sunt g5]a necess>ia1 ordo1 iunctura1 num]us3 ad ,h]5n4 iv4 #ah compositio e/ v]borum con/ructio quae facit omnes p>tes orationis aequabilit] p]politas4 m$io g5]e4 ,see on #dd4 ,dion4 ,hal4 de ,comp4 ,v]b4 #bc1 p4 #agc ,r4 7sc4 or m$ium ,qu9t1 xii4 #aj1 #eh7 4--,f ! po9t ( view ( oratory1 ! m$ium g5us 0 ! ,rhodian s*ool 7xii4 #aj1 #ah71 :i* /ood betwe5 ! g5us ,atticum & ,asianum1 #8quod velut m$ium esse atque ex utroque mixtum volunt3 neque enim ,attice pressi neque ,asiane sunt abundantes' 7sc4 ,rhodii74 ,i3#ec ,contra 9 ,antima*o vis #ec et gravitas et m9ime vulg>e eloqu5di g5us habet laudem4 ,s$ quamvis ei secundas f]e grammaticorum cons5sus def]at1 et adfectibus et iucunditate et dispositione et omn9o arte deficitur1 ut plane manife/o app>eat quanto sit aliud proximum esse1 aliud secundum4 #ec4 ,antima*us ( ,colophon 7or r ,cl>os by ,colophon7 fl\ri%$ ab\t ,b4,c4 #dje4 ,he wrote a ,!baid1 an epic n>rative ( ! w>s ( ! ,sev5 aga9/ ,!bes & ( ! ,epigoni3 ,cic4 ,brut4 #aia4 ,fragm5ts ( 8 poems h be5 pres]v$4 ,he also edit$ a critical text ( ,hom]4 ,antima*us s]v$ z a model = ,/atius1 & = ! emp]or ,hadrian3 ,sp>tian #ae ,cata*anas libros #ec obscurissimos ,antima*um imit&o scripsit4 ,= ! criticism vis 444 laudem cp4 ,dion4 ,hal4 l4c4 77 4 m9ime vulg>e3 viii4 pr4 #be3 ,ari/4 ,poet4 #bb 4 ,an uncommon elevation ( /yle 0 evid5tly "o ( 8 *>act]i/ics4 habet laudem 4 ,x54 ,anab4 vii4 #f1 #cc3 ,pl94 xxxvii4 #fe3 xxxvi4 #afd4 secundas3 sc4 p>tes1 aft] ,hom]3 #eh4 ,s ,cic4 ,or4 #ah cui 7,p]icli7 primae s9e controv]sia def]ebantur3 ,brut4 #hd3 ad ,att4 i4 #ag1 #e4 ,! phrase is probably borr[$ f ! !atre3 primas ag]e ,brut4 #cjh3 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #i1 #df4 ,on ! o!r h& primas f]re 7,brut4 #ahc7 sugge/s 4 ,tac4 ,ann4 xiv4 #ba eloqu5tiae primas nemo tulit1 s$ victorem esse ,caes>em pronuntiatum4 grammaticorum cons5sus4 ,= ?is s5se ( grammatici 7#8lit]>y critics1' #8pr(essors ( lit]ature' ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #gh7 cp4 ii4 #a1 #d grammatice1 quam 9 ,lat9um transf]5tes litt]aturam vocav]unt 444 cum praet] rationem recte loqu5di non p>um alioqui copiosam prope omnium maxim>um artium sci5tiam amplexa sit4--,! phrase is "o m indication ( ! second-h& "* ( ,qu9tilian's criticism ( ,greek au?ors3 cp4 #bg1 :]e he specially ref]s to ,!ophra/us3 #eb datur ei palma3 #ed putant3 #eh pr9ceps habetur & confessione plurimorum3 #ei ,ari/>*i iudicio3 #gb cons5su omnium3 #gc nemo dubitat4 ,no d\bt ,qu9tilian & ,dionysius 7 bo? indebt$ to ! li/s ( ! ,alex&rian bibliograph]s4 adfectibus 444 deficitur3 #8he fails 9 pa?os'3 #dh4 ,8 lam5t = ,lyde 7nec tantum ,cl>io ,lyde dilecta poetae ,ovid1 ,tr4 i4 #f1 #a7 conta9$ a catalogue ( ! mis=tunes ( all ! my?ical h]oes :o _h lo/ _! loves4 ,callim4 fr4 #dda4 iucunditate3 see on #df4 dispositione3 #ej4 ,catull4 #ie1 #aj ,at populus tumido gaudeat ,antima*o4 arte3 #8poetical skill4' plane3 see ,introd4 p4 lii4 proximum 444 secundum4 ,cp4 ,v]g4 ,a54 v4 #cbj proximus huic longo s$ proximus int]vallo insequitur ,salius4 ,secundus "h means mu* less ?an proximus 7#8v ne>'73 x only means #8prior t]tio et reliquis4' ,cp4 ,corn4 ,nep4 ,pelop4 iv4 #b haec fuit alt]a p]sona ,!bis s$ tam5 secunda ita ut proxima esset ,epam9ondae3 #he bel[1 secundus 444 e/ ,v]gilius1 propior tam5 primo quam t]tio1 i4e4 ,v]gil is proximus to ,hom] z well z secundus4--,?is is ! usual explanation1 motiv$ probably by ! recurr5ce ( secundum s soon aft] secundas above 7cp4 #eh1 #gb1 #he74 ,! difficulty is t x is exactly ! rev]se ( ! well-kn[n passage 9 ,horace1 ,c>4 i4 #ab1 #ah nec viget quidquam simile 7,iovi7 aut secundum3 proximos illi tam5 occupavit ,pallas honores1 :]e ! idea is t ,pallas is :at sportsm5 call a #8bad second1'--proximus mean+ #8next' 7h[ev] f> ap>t71 :ile secundus 7sequor7 implies contiguity4 ,! two passages c\ld be reconcil$ by suppos+ t ,qu9tilian has neglig5tly omitt$ to note ! repetition secundas 444 secundum1 & t he means #8:at a diff]5ce !re is betwe5 a bad 7proximum7 & a good second 7secundum7'--betwe5 be+ second & com+ ne> ! fir/4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #agc ,duobus igitur summis1 ,crasso et ,antonio1 ,l4 ,philippus proximus acc$ebat1 s$ longo int]vallo tam5 proximus2 itaque eum1 etsi nemo int]c$ebat qui se illi antef]ret1 neque secundum tam5 neque t]tium dix]im4 ,if ,qu9tilian is consci\s ( ! recurr5ce ( secundus1 he may mean t ! ,greek critics w\ld h be5 ne>] ! tru? if !y _h call$ ,antima*us next 7proximus7 r ?an second to ,hom]4--,cp4 ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#ed ,panyas91 ex utroque mixtum1 putant 9 #ed eloqu5do neutrius aequ>e virtutes1 alt]um tam5 ab eo mat]ia1 alt]um dispon5di ratione sup]>i4 ,apollonius 9 ord9em a grammaticis datum non v5it1 quia ,ari/>*us atque ,ari/ophanes poet>um iudices nem9em sui temporis 9 num]um r$eg]unt2 non tam5 contemn5dum r$didit opus aequali quadam m$iocritate4 #ed4 ,panyas94 ,panyasis ( ,halic>nassus1 ! uncle ( ,h]odotus1 wrote a ,h]acleia 9 f\rte5 books1 fragm5ts ( :i* are quot$ by ,/obaeus & #ed ,a!naeus4 ,he also compos$ six books ( #8,ionica1'--elegiac poems on ! ,ionic migration4 ,suidas describes him z 8an epic poet1 :o fann$ into a flame ! sm\ld]+ emb]s ( epic poetry1 4 ,among ! poets he is rank$ aft] ,hom]2 accord+ to "s1 also aft] ,hesiod & ,antima*us0 7,mayor74 ,panyasis fl\ri%$ circ4 ,b4,c4 #dhj4 ex utroque mixtum4 ,dion4 ,hal4 l4c4 7 --,us5]7 7mat]ia7 787 4 putant4 ,mr4 ,nettle%ip 7,j\rn4 ,phil4 xviii4 p4 #bei7 notes t ,qu9tilian #8:ile say+ evid5tly mu* ! same z ,dionysius1 says n putat ,dionysius b putant1' %[+ t bo? ,dionysius & he foll[$ ! grammatici1 i4e4 probably ,ari/>*us & ,ari/ophanes4 ,cp4 ,us5]1 p4 #aaj sq41 & see ,introd4 p4 xxxii4 alt]um 444 mat]ia3 ,hesiod1 ! #8s+] ( ,helots4' 8,! lab\rs ( ,h]akles supply a m v>i$ & attractive !me ?an ! p$igrees ( a ,!ogony or ! homely ,tuss]-l maxims ( ! #8,works & ,days4'0 ,mayor4 ,apollonius1 surnam$ ,rhodius1 because he 0 hon\r$ ) ! fre$om ( ! city ( ,rhodes1 aft] hav+ retir$ ?i!r f ,alex&ria4 ,return+ to ,alex&ria he succe$$ ,erato/h5es z libr>ian4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,callima*us1 & fl\ri%$ circ4 #bbj ,b4,c4 ,= a sympa!tic acc\nt ( ! ,argonautica see ,mahaffy's ,greek ,lit4 vol4 i4 *4 ix4 ,x 0 r5d]$ into ,lat9 by ,atac9us ,v>ro 7#hg7 & ,val]ius ,flaccus 7#ij74 ord9em a grammaticis datum4 ,! li/s ( approv$ au?ors drawn up by ! critics ( ,alex&ria con/itut$ :at !y call$ 7indices1 "h call$ ordo74 ,see ,us5]1 p4 #acd sq4 ,cp4 v5ire1 r$igi1 recipi 9 ord9em or num]um4 ,s i4 #d #c ut 444 auctores alios 9 ord9em r$eg]9t alios omn9o exem]9t num]o4 ,see ,introd4 p4 xxxv4 ,ari/>*us1 ( ,samo?race1 liv$ & taught at ,alex&ria ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5t4 ,b4,c4 ,8 "n is insep>ably associat$ ) ! text ( ! ,hom]ic poems3 see ,wolf's ,prolegom5a1 ,lehrs de ,ari/>*i ,/udiis ,hom]icis 7#crd edit4 #ahhb71 & ,pi]ron's ,introd4 to ,hom]1 p4 xxxv4 sq4 ,x became a synonym = rigor\s criticism3 ,cic4 ad ,att4 i4 #ad1 #c meis orationibus qu>um tu ,ari/>*us es3 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #dej fiet ,ari/>*us4--,see ,mahaffy's ,grk4 ,lit4 *4 iii4 #cb sq4 ,ari/ophanes1 ( ,byzantium1 0 libr>ian at ,alex&ria be=e ,ari/>*us1 hav+ succe$$ ,apollonius ,rhodius4 ,he di$ ab\t #ahj ,b4,c4 ,he revis$ 8 ma/] ,z5odotus's edition ( ,hom]1 & 0 ! fir/ to reject ! end ( ! ,odyssey aft] xxiii4 #bif4 ,he also left critical & exegetical comm5t>ies on ! lyric & dramatic poets1 & compil$ argum5ta or prefaces to ! individual plays4 poet>um iudices4 ,?is looks l a gloss3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 9 num]um r$eg]unt3 cp4 above on 9 ord9em a grammaticis datum4 ,! phrase repres5ts ! ,greek 4--,) ! exception ( ! (ficial eulogy ( ,domitian 7#ia71 ,qu9tilian foll[$ ?is rule himself4 r$didit4 ,?\gh x w\ld be h>d to f9d an exact p>allel1 ?is use ( r$do seems n impossible1 especially 9 ,qu9tilian4 ,x mu/ be expla9$ ei!r by ! analogy ( ! use 9 :i* l& is said to #8produce' ! expect$ crop 7cp4 tibiae sonum r$dunt xi4 #c1 #bj71 or less probably ) ref]5ce to ! use :i* describes su* physical processes z dum nimis imp]at voci 444 sangu9em r$didit ,pl94 v4 #ai1 #f4 ,9 ,cic]o su* an expression c\ld only h be5 expla9$ on ! analogy ( #8placidum r$d]e' = #8plac>e'3 cp4 omnia enim breviora r$det ordo et ratio et modus xii4 #aa1 #ac4--;,b see ,crit4 ,notes4 aequali quadam m$iocritate3 #hf aequalitate p5samus4 ,no disp>agem5t #ee is impli$3 ! mean+ is t ,apollonius keeps pretty uni=mly to ! g5us m$ium 7see on #dd71 nei!r ris+ on ! "o h& to ! g5us gr&e nor on ! o!r desc5d+ to ! g5us subtile4 ,s 9 ! #cc #d he receives ! epi!t 4 ,= ?is s5se ( m$iocritas cp4 ,gellius #g #ad ( ,t]5ce3 ,hor4 ,c>4 ii4 #aj1 #e4--8,?is is a fair criticism ( ! greate/ ( ! ,alex&r9e poems2 x is le>n$ & correct1 tells ! /ory ( ! ,argonauts ) a due reg>d to proportion1 & has _m m9or idyllic beauties1 b wants epic unity & inspiration40 ,mayor4 ,i3#ee ,arati mat]ia motu c>et1 ut #ee 9 qua nulla v>ietas1 nullus adfectus1 nulla p]sona1 nulla cuiusquam sit oratio2 sufficit tam5 op]i cui se p>em cr$idit4 ,admirabilis 9 suo g5]e ,!ocritus1 s$ musa illa ru/ica et pa/oralis non =um modo1 v]um ipsam etiam urbem re=midat4 #ee4 ,arati4 ,aratus 0 born at ,soli 9 ,cilicia1 & liv$ at ! c\rt ( ,antigonus ,gonatas1 k+ ( ,mac$onia1 circ4 ,b4,c4 #bgj4 ,at ! reque/ ( ! latt] he compos$ 1 a didactic epic on ! heav5ly bodies & meteorology1 :i* 0 translat$ into ,lat9 v]se by ,cic]o & aft]w>ds by ,g]manicus4 ,avi5us also made a r5d]+ ( x1 probably late 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,see ,teuffel #bei #f & #cid #b1 & ,munro on ,lucr4 v4 #fai 7cp4 vol4 ii4 pp4 #c1 #i1 #bii3 ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor on ,cic4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 ii4 #ajd74 ut 9 qua4 ,trnebladh 7#8de coniunctionum causalium apud ,qu9t4 usu'7 has collect$ t5 additional examples ( ?is con/ruction 9 ,qu9t41--ut qui i4 #b1 #ai3 x4 #a1 #eg & #gd3 xi4 #c1 #ec 7s+473 v4 #ad1 #bh 7plur473 ut quae 7s+47 iii4 #e1 #i3 xii4 #b1 #bj2 ut quod viii4 #c1 #ab3 #d1 #af3 ut quorum x4 #b1 #ac4 ,= ut cum see on #gf4 ,x is incorrect to say t ! usage does n occur 9 ,cic]o3 see ,draeg]1 ,hi/4 ,syn4 ii4 p4 #eji4 ,!ocritus liv$ at ,syracuse 7probably 8 native place7 "u ,hi]o1 & sp5t "s "t also at ! c\rt ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus1 :]e he wrote 8 #ad?1 #ae?1 & #ag? idylls ab\t ! ye> #bei ,b4,c4 ,v]gil's obligations to him 9 ! ,eclogues are well kn[n3 cp4 ,sicelides ,musae iv4 #a3 ,are?usa x4 #a4 musa illa ru/ica et pa/oralis4 ,!ocritus is ! type ( real1 z oppos$ to artificial1 pa/oral poetry4 8,he f9ds all ?+s delectable 9 ! rural life3 #8sweet are ! voices ( ! calves1 & sweet ! heif]'s l[+2 sweet plays ! %eph]d on ! %eph]d's pipe1 & sweet is ! e*o4' ,ev5 9 c\rtly poems & 9 ! artificial hymns 444 ! memory ( ! joyful c\ntry life comes ov] him4 ,he praises ,hi]o1 because ,hi]o is to re/ore peace to ,syracuse1 & :5 peace returns1 !n #8?\s&s ( %eep fatt5$ 9 ! mead[s w bleat along ! pla91 & ! k9e1 z !y flock 9 cr[ds to ! /alls1 w make ! belat$ travell] ha/5 on 8 way4'0 ,mr4 ,lang's ,introduction4 ,i3#ef ,audire videor undique cong]5tes nom9a plurimorum poet>um4 ,quid8 ,h]culis acta non b5e ,pis&ros8 ,nic&rum fru/ra secuti ,mac] atque ,v]gilius8 ,quid8 #ef ,euphorionem transibimus8 ,quem nisi probasset ,v]gilius idem1 numquam c]te #8conditorum ,*alcidico v]su c>m9um' fecisset 9 ,bucolicis m5tionem4 ,quid8 ,horatius fru/ra ,tyrtaeum ,hom]o subiungit8 #ef4 videor3 #df4 ,hor4 ,c>4 iii4 #d1 #f audire magnos iam videor duces4 ,s (t5 vid]e videor3 e4g4 ,cic4 9 ,catil4 iv4 #aa4 cong]5tes3 p>ticiple )\t subject3 cp4 solitos #g4 non3 #b #be4 ,pis&ros1 ( ,cameirus 9 ,rhodes1 fl4 circ4 ,b4,c4 #fde4 ,he wrote a poem call$ ,h]acleia1 an epic n>rative ( ! de$s ( ,h]cules4 ,he is (t5 cit$ z an au?ority = ! v>i\s details ( ! leg5d1 & 0 ! fir/ to arm ! h]o ) ! club & lion's sk94 ,nic&rum1 ( ,colophon1 liv$ 9 ! middle ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 at ! c\rt ( ,attalus ,,iii1 k+ ( ,p]gamus4 ,8 didactic poem on ! bites ( v5om\s animals 7 7 is /ill extant4 ,he also wrote five books ( 1 on :i* ,ovid drew = 8 ,metamorphoses4 fru/ra tem]e1 #8)\t good reason' 7s9e iu/a causa73 cp4 fru/ra 444 subiungit bel[4 ,cic]o1 de ,div4 ii4 #fj nec fru/ra ac s9e causa quid fac]e deo dignum e/4 ,s i4 #aj1 #ae non igitur fru/ra ,plato civili viro 444 necess>iam music5 cr$idit3 xii4 #b1 #e ,caes> has non nequiquam 9 ! same s5se ,b4 ,g4 #ef ii4 #bg1 #e4 ,9 "s cases x makes little diff]5ce :e!r ! r5d]+ is #8)\t good reason' or #8)\t good result1' b "h x is v improbable t ,qu9tilian is ask+ #8:e!r ,v]gil c be call$ an unsuccessful foll[] ( ,nic&]1' z ,con+ton puts x4 ,mac]3 #hg4 ,aemilius ,mac] ( ,v]ona1 ! fri5d & contempor>y ( ,v]gil & ,ovid1 wrote ! #8,orni?ogonia' 7#8bird-bre$+'7 & ! #8,!riaca1' nei!r ( :i* is extant4 ,ovid1 ,tri/4 iv4 #aj1 #dc-d ,saepe suos volucres legit mihi gr&ior aevo1 ,quaeque necet s]p5s1 quae iuvet h]ba1 ,mac]4 ,v]gilius4 ,see ,con+ton's ,v]gil1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ada sqq4 ,none ( ! extant fragm5ts ( ,nic&]'s ju/ify ! supposition t ,v]gil 0 indebt$ to x = ! ,georgics2 b he seems to h us$ 8 "w on bees 77 & also ! above m5tion$ 7,georg4 iii4 #dae1 #dbe74 ,& ,macrobius 7,sat4 v4 #bb7 tells u t x 0 f ,nic&] t ,v]gil borr[$ ! leg5d ( ,pan draw+ ! moon d[n aft] him to ! woods by a fleece ( sn[-:ite wool 7,georg4 iii4 #cia74 ,euphorionem4 ,euphorion1 ( ,*alcis 9 ,euboea1 0 a contempor>y ( ,ptolemy ,eu]getes1 & ,antio*us ! ,great1 circ4 ,b4,c4 #bbj4 ,among o!r works he wrote a ,georgica1 or poem on agriculture4 9 ,bucolicis4 ,v]g4 ,ecl4 x4 #ej ibo et ,*alcidico quae sunt mihi condita v]su ,c>m9a pa/oris ,siculi modulabor av5a1 :]e ! speak] is ! elegiac poet ,cornelius ,gallus 7#ic note71 :o _h introduc$ ,euphorion to g5]al notice by translat+ "s ( 8 poems4 ,tyrtaeum4 ,tyrtaeus 0 a native ei!r ( ,a!ns or ( ,aphidnae 9 ,attica1 & fl\ri%$ at ! "t ( ! second ,mess5ian ,w> 79 ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c471 9 :i* he is said to h contribut$ to ! success ( ! ,sp>tan arms by 8 inspir+ battle-songs4 ,! ref]5ce to ,horace is ,a4 ,p4 #dja ,po/ hos 7,orpheus & ,amphion7 insignis ,hom]us ,tyrtaeusque m>es animos 9 ,m>tia bella ,v]sibus exacuit4 ,mayor cites passages f ,dio ,*rys4 :]e ,hom] & ,tyrtaeus are c\pl$ 9 ! same way3 cp4 ,plato1 ,laws ix4 #heh ,e1 :]e ,tyrtaeus is class$ ) ,hom] = 8 moral & political influ5ce4 ,i3#eg ,nec sane quisquam e/ tam procul a cognitione eorum remotus ut non indicem c]te ex biblio!ca sumptum transf]re 9 libros suos possit4 ,nec ignoro igitur quos transeo nec utique damno1 ut qui dix]im esse 9 omnibus utilitatis aliquid4 #eg4 tam 444 ut non3 ,pl94 ,ep4 iii4 #e1 #aj3 cp4 #da & #dh above4 indicem1 #8a catalogue4' ,any "o c at lea/ 7if he does n "k any?+ m ab\t !m7 make out a li/ ( su* poets 9 "s libr>y1 & note ! titles ( _! works 9 8 compilation4 ,= index cp4 ,cic4 ,hort5s41 indicem tragicorum3 ,pl94 ,ep4 iii4 #e1 #b fung> indicis p>tibus3 ,s5eca de ,tranq4 #i #d quo innum]abiles libros et biblio!cas1 qu>um dom9us vix tota vita indices p]legit8 ,ep4 #ci #b sume 9 manus indicem philosophorum4--,non 444 c]te almo/ ne quidem4 nec utique1 #8nor by any means4' ,see on #bj3 cp4 #bd4 ,krg]#c r5d]s by #8unb$+t1' #8absolut1' #8j$5falls4' ut qui dix]im3 see on #ee4 ,i3#eh ,s$ ad illos iam p]fectis con/itutisque viribus rev]temur1 quod 9 c5is gr&ibus saepe #eg facimus1 ut1 cum optimis satiati sumus1 v>ietas tam5 nobis ex vilioribus grata sit4 ,tunc et elegiam vacabit 9 manus sum]e1 cuius pr9ceps habetur ,callima*us1 secundas confessione plurimorum ,philetas occupavit4 #eh4 p]fectis con/itutisque viribus1 i4e4 by ! read+ ( ! epic poets :o are mo/ suit$ to our purpose3 #ei optimis adsuesc5dum e/1 c4 ,s #aca 7( ,s5eca7 iam robu/is et sev]iore g5]e satis firmatis leg5dus3 #e #a iam robu/orum4 ,cp i4 #h1 #f 7( amatory elegy & h5decasyllabics7 amoveantur1 si fi]i pote/1 si m9us1 c]te ad firmius aetatis robur res]v5tur3 #ab robu/iores4--,= con/itutis cp4 3 xi4 #c1 #bi4 rev]temur3 future us$ z a mild imp]ative4 ,cp4 #g #a4 quod 444 ut4 ,! dep5d5t clause "h gives ! explanation ( quod facimus #eg 9 ! =m ( a result1 s t ! con/ruction is really pleona/ic3 cp4 #e #ah3 #g #aa4 ,9 #c #f 7:]e see note7 ut may h m ( ! idea ( purpose4 tunc3 :5 our ta/e is =m$4 elegiam4 ,cp4 i4 #h1 #f quot$ above4 ,9 ,a4 ,p4 #gg ,horace *>act]ises ! elegy z exiguus1 i4e4 x is slight] & less dignifi$ ?an ! epic hexamet]4 vacabit4 ,?is imp]sonal use 7cp4 #ij7 does n occur 9 ,cic]o4 ,= ! expression see ,introd4 p4 xxxii1 note4 ,callima*us1 ( ,cyr5e1 0 ! second director ( ! libr>y at ,alex&ria 7#ed73 he fl\ri%$ 9 ! middle ( ! #crd c5tury4 ,catullus1 ,prop]tius1 & ,ovid all imitat$ 8 elegies4 #8,! erotic elegy ( ,callima*us1 ,philetas1 & _! s*ool is *iefly int]e/+ z hav+ be5 ! model ( ! ,roman elegy1 :i* is "o ( ! glories ( ,lat9 lit]ature 9 ! h&s ( ,ovid1 ,catullus1 ,tibullus1 & ,prop]tius4' ,mahaffy4 secundas1 #ec4 ,philetas ( ,cos1 in/ructor ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus1 ab\t #bij ,b4,c4 ,l ,callima*us he 0 a lit]>y critic z well z a poet1 ?\gh probably less erudite ?an 8 great] contempor>y4 occupavit3 ,hor4 ,c>4 i4 #ab1 #ai proximos illi tam5 occupavit ,pallas honores4 ,i3#ei ,s$ dum adsequimur illam firmam1 ut dixi1 facilitatem1 optimis adsuesc5dum e/ et multa magis quam multorum lectione =m&a m5s et duc5dus color4 ,itaque ex tribus receptis ,ari/>*i iudicio scriptoribus #eh iamborum ad maxime p]t9ebit unus ,ar*ilo*us4 #ei4 adsequimur1 a pres5t ( endeav\r3 cp4 #ca4 ,?is gives a good contra/ to iam p]fectis con/itutisque viribus & tunc1 s t !re is no ne$ = ,halm's conjecture adsequamur1 :i* is h[ev] g5]ally adopt$3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 ut dixi3 see on #a4 multa 444 multorum3 ,pl94 ,ep4 vii4 #i #ae tu mem9]is sui cuiusque g5]is auctores dilig5t] elig]e4 ,aiunt enim multum leg5dum esse1 non multa4 ,mayor comp>es also ,s5eca1 ,epi/4 #b #b-d4 duc5dus color3 ,v]g4 ,ecl4 ix4 #di 7a/rum7 quo duc]et apricis 9 collibus uva colorem4 ,duc]e expresses ! gradual process ( #8tak+ on' a t+e2 ! ag5t 9 ?is process is "h lectio1 z 9 ,v]gil x is ! con/ellation4 ,color is "h ! #8appropriate tone' :i* w v>y ) ! subject or ! occasion3 xii4 #aj1 #ga non unus color prooemii1 n>rationis1 argum5torum1 egressionis1 p]orationis s]vabitur4 ,s54 ,ep4 #ajh #c non novimus quosdam qui multis apud philosophum annis p]s$]9t et ne colorem quidem dux]9t3 ib4 #ga #ca4 ,s ,cic]o1 ,orat4 #db educata huius 7,isocratis7 nutrim5tis eloqu5tia ipsa se po/ea colorat 7#8ga!rs /r5g? & col\r'73 de ,or4 ii4 #fj ut cum 9 sole ambulem 444 fi]i natura 444 ut color]1 sic1 cum i/os libros 444 /udiosius leg]im1 s5tio illorum tactu orationem meam quasi color>i4 ,cp4 on #aaf3 #f #e3 #g #g4 ex tribus receptis3 sc4 9 ord9em sive num]um3 cp4 #ed4 ,! o!r two are ,simonides ( ,amorgos 7,semonides7 & ,hipponax ( ,ephesus4 ,! =m] is be/ kn[n by 8 satire on wom52 ! latt] is (t5 m5tion$ along ) ,ar*ilo*us3 8 _s reappe>s 9 ! lat] com$y4 ,! treatise ( ,dion4 ,hal4 z we h x n[ does n conta9 any criticism ei!r ( ! elegiac or ! iambic poets4 ,proclus h[ev] has3 7p4 #bdb1 ,we/phal47 ,ari/>*i iudicio3 #eb4 scriptoribus iamborum3 see on #i4 ,diom$es iii4 p4 #dhe #aa k 7p4 #ah1 ,reiff47 iambus e/ c>m5 mal$icum pl]umque trimetro v]su et epodo sequ5te compositum 444 appellatum e/ autem 1 quod e/ mal$ic]e4 ,cuius c>m9is praecipui scriptores apud ,graecos ,ar*ilo*us et ,hipponax1 apud ,romanos ,lucilius et ,catullus et ,horatius et ,bibaculus3 cp4 #if4--,! ^w is d]iv$ f #8,i fl+' 7,curt4 ,etym4#e #ecg3 ,e4 ,t4 ii4 #aed71 & d5ot$ orig9ally a #8fl++1' or a v]se #8flung at' a p]son3 h5ce 1 #8to lampoon4' ,cp4 ix4 #d1 #ada asp]a v]o et mal$ica 444 etiam 9 c>m9e iambis grassantur4 ,hor4 ,c>4 i4 #af1 #b crim9osis 444 iambis3 ib4 #eh #bb-e me quoque pectoris ,temptavit 9 dulci iuv5ta ,f]vor et 9 cel]es iambos ,misit fur5tem4 3 see on #a4 maxime unus4 ,unus is v commonly us$ 9 ?is way to /r5g!n a sup]lative3 ,cic4 9 ,v]r4 i4 #a quod unum ad invidiam ve/ri ord9is 444 s$&am maxime p]t9ebat3 de ,amic4 #a quem unum no/rae civitatis 444 prae/antissimum audeo dic]e3 ,v]g4 ,a54 ii4 #dbf cadit et ,rhipeus iu/issimus unus4 ,be*] ?9ks unus may m]ely be set ov] aga9/ tribus3 cp4 pro ,se/4 #di unus bis rempublicam s]vavi4 ,ar*ilo*us ( ,p>os 7circ4 #fhf ,b4,c47 0 a ma/] ( v>i\s =ms ( metrical composition2 b 8 di/9ctive *>act]i/ic 0 t allud$ to "h1--! employm5t ( ! iambic trimet] z ! vehicle ( satire1 ! /+ ( :i*1 z wield$ by him1 is said to h driv5 p into hang+ !mselves4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #gi ,ar*ilo*um proprio rabies armavit iambo4 ,i3#fj ,summa 9 hoc vis elocutionis1 cum validae tum breves vibrantesque s5t5tiae1 plurimum sangu9is atque n]vorum1 adeo ut videatur quibusdam1 quod quoquam m9or e/1 mat]iae esse1 non +5ii vitium4 #fj4 vibrantes1 ( ! quiv]+ motion ( a spe> 7cp4 #8%afts' ( eloqu5ce7 ?r[n f a /\t arm4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #cbf oratio incitata et vibrans3 ,qu9t4 xii4 #i1 #c nec illis vibrantibus concitatisque s5t5tiis velut missilibus utetur3 xi4 #c1 #abj s5t5tias vibrantes digitis iaculantur3 ix4 #d1 #ee neque enim ,demo/h5is fulm9a tanto op]e vibratura dicit nisi num]is contorta f]r5tur3 cp4 note on #g #g bel[4 sangu9is atque n]vorum4 ,! =m] ref]s to ! quality ( #8fulness' or #8ri*ness' ( ?\ght & /yle1 ! latt] 7(t5 lac]ti7 to #8=ce'3 sangu9is et virium #b #ab4 ,cp4 tori & c>o #cc 7note7 & #gg4 ,= sanguis1 cp4 #aae v]um sangu9em3 #b #ab4 8,9 good ,lat9 n]vus1 l 1 always d5otes s9ews or t5dons 7lit]al or metaphorical73 cp4 ,celsus viii4 #a n]vi quos ,graeci appellant2 b sometimes appe>s to include also :at we call #8n]ves'3 see ,mayor on ,cic4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 ii4 #ee1 #acf4 ,gal5 7born #acj ,a4,d47 0 ! fir/ to limit to ! mean+ #8n]ve1' 9 its pres5t s5se40 ,wilk9s on ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #bf4 quibusdam3 cp4 #fd ut quidam 444 eum 444 praef]ant3 #ic quosdam ita d$itos sibi adhuc habet amatores3 #aac adeo ut quibusdam etiam nimia videatur4 quod quoquam m9or e/4 ,?is clause is ! subject ( videatur1 & ! mean+ is3 ) su* high qualities ! fact t ,ar*ilo*us comes beh9d any 7if t is ! case7 is to be attribut$ to 8 mat]ia1 n to 8 +5ium1 :i* latt] w\ld give him a claim to a place alongside ( ! v =emo/1 ,hom]3 cp4 #fe po/ ,hom]um tam51 quem ut ,a*ill5 semp] excipi p> e/4 ,s #fb copiae vitium e/3 #gd pra$ictis m9or4 ,= quod )\t id1 cp4 #d #d4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 mat]ia1 #8subject-matt]1' :i* 0 ma9ly p]sonal "* & conduct 9 common life4 ,p9d4 ,py?4 ii4 #ee 4 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #ai1 #bc ,p>ios ego primus iambos o/5di ,latio1 num]os animosque secutus ,ar*ilo*i non res et ag5tia v]ba ,lycamb53 #bh ,temp]at ,ar*ilo*i musam p$e mascula ,sappho ,temp]at ,alcaeus s$ rebus et ord9e disp>1 ,nec soc]um qua]it quem v]sibus obl9at atris ,nec sponsae laqueum famoso c>m9e nectit4 ,val4 ,max4 vi4 #c1 ,e4 #a tells u t ! ,sp>tans bani%$ ! poems ( ,ar*ilo*us because ( _! corrupt+ influ5ce on ! morals ( _! y\?3 ,maximum poetam aut c]te summo proximum 444 c>m9um exilio mult>unt4 ,velleius 7i4 #e1 #a7 brackets ,hom] & ,ar*ilo*us4 ,i3#fa ,novem v]o lyricorum longe ,p9d>us #ei pr9ceps spiritu magnific5tia1 s5t5tiis figuris1 beatissima r]um v]borumque copia et velut quodam eloqu5tiae flum9e2 propt] quae ,horatius eum m]ito cr$idit nem9i imitabilem4 #fa4 novem 444 lyricorum4 ,( ! n9e lyric poets n receiv$ into ! #8canon' ^? n m5tion$ "h are ,alcman1 ,sappho1 ,ibycus1 ,anacreon1 & ,bac*ylides4 ,! f\r :om ,qu9tilian names are ! same z ^? criticis$ by ,dionysius1 except t 9 ! latt] ,simonides comes next aft] ,p9d>4 ,p9d>us 7#eba-dda ,b4,c41 ?\gh kn[n to u n[ ma9ly by 8 ,ep9ician ,odes1 essay$ v>i\s =ms ( ! lyric art1 mo/ ( :i* 7except ! skolia & encomia7 are p]vad$ by a deeply religi\s tone4 ,he _h ! disadvantage ( belong+ to ! ,m$is+ city ( #ei ,!bes1 b he spoke fe>lessly out 7aft] ,salamis7 = ! lib]ators ( ,greece2 & bo? 9 ! in/9ct = a national unity to :i* 8 poems be> witness & 9 8 e?ical & religi\s beliefs he is em95tly repres5tative ( 8 age4 ,he is ! cr[n+ glory ( ,greek lyric poetry1 & may be said 9 a s5se to /& z x 7 midway betwe5 ! ,hom]ic epos & ! drama at ,a!ns4 pr9ceps1 c4 ,"h ,qu9tilian aga9 co9cides ) ,dionysius 7l4c47 1 1 444 4 spiritu3 see on #bg3 i4 #h1 #e4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 magnific5tia1 iv4 #b1 #fa4 ,?is is ,p9d>'s di/9ctive quality3 he is 1 #8spl5d\r-lov+4' ,cp4 magnificus #fc3 #hd3 iii4 #h1 #fa3 vi4 #a1 #eb3 xi4 #c1 #aec4 s5t5tiis3 see on #ej4 figuris3 see on #ab4 beatissima fecundissima1 ub]rima3 #aji3 #c #bb4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #i3 ,hi/4 iii4 #ff4 propt] quae3 see on #aj1 propt] quod4 ,horatius3 ,c>4 iv4 #b1 #a ,p9d>um quisquis /udet aemul>i 444 ,monte decurr5s velut amnis imbres ,quem sup] notas alu]e ripas1 ,f]vet imm5susque ruit pr(undo ,p9d>us ore4 ,i3#fb ,/esi*orum1 quam sit +5io validus1 mat]iae quoque o/5dunt1 maxima bella et cl>issimos can5tem duces et epici c>m9is on]a lyra su/95tem4 ,r$dit enim p]sonis 9 ag5do simul loqu5doque debitam dignitatem1 ac si t5uisset modum1 videtur aemul>i proximus ,hom]um potuisse2 s$ #fj r$undat atque effunditur1 quod ut e/ repreh5d5dum1 ita copiae vitium e/4 #fb4 ,/esi*orus ( ,him]a 9 ,sicily 7cir4 #fcb-eec ,b4,c47 is1 l ,simonides & ,p9d>1 a repres5tative ( ! ,dorian or *oral lyric poetry ( ,greece1--di/+ui%$ f ! ,aeolic 7,alcaeus & ,sappho7 by its great] complexity ( /ructure & by ! wid] audi5ce to :i* x 0 address$4 ,8 real "n is said to h be5 ,teisias3 t by :i* he is kn[n he d]iv$ f ! *anges 9 ! /ructure ( ! *oral ode :i* 7 introduc$ by him4 ,he reliev$ ! comb9ation ( /rophe & anti/rophe by ! epode1 compos$ 9 a diff]5t mann]1 & sung by ! *orus /&+ be=e ! alt>1--?us af=d+ x an int]val ( re/ aft] ! movem5ts to "r & left4 ,by ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,hom] & ,/esi*orus 7 class$ toge!r z ! two poets wor?y to be /udi$ by k+s & conqu]ors4--,) ,qu9tilian's criticism cp4 ,dionysius l4c4 7,us5]1 p4 #bj7 7,p9d> & ,simonides7 1 1 4 +5io validus3 ,cic4 9 ,v]r4 ii4 #ce ,/esi*ori qui 444 et e/ et fuit tota ,graecia summo propt] +5ium honore et nom9e4 mat]iae4 ,! titles ( 8 poems 7 1 1 1 1 1 7 %[ t ,/esi*orus made ext5sive use ( ! old epic leg5ds1 :i* w\ld naturally fall m or less into a n>rative =m4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,c>4 iv4 #i1 #h ,/esi*orique graves ,cam5ae4 ,ael4 ,hi/4 ,anim xvii1 #cg calls him 3 & ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ii4 #ae1 #ed has ,/esi*ori et ,p9d>i vatum sublimia ora4 si t5uisset 444 videtur potuisse potuit1 ut videtur4 ,cp4 on #ih4 ,?is use ( ! pf4 indic4 9 su* clauses indicates ! possibility 7or duty1 obligation1 c47 m unconditionally ?an ! plpf4 subj4 w\ld d3 e4g4 ,cic4 9 ,vat94 #a debui/i1 ,vat9i1 etiamsi falso v5isses 9 suspicionem ,p4 ,se/io1 tam5 mihi ignosc]e3 pro ,mil4 #ca quod si ita putasset1 c]te optabilius ,miloni fuit4 c4 ,9 ! indirect !re is a p>allel in/ance1 de ,(f4 i4 #d ,platonem exi/imo 444 si 444 voluisset 444 potuisse dic]e4 aemul>i1 ) dat4 #abb4 ,hom]um4 ,! au?or ( ! treatise #8,on ! ,sublime' calls ,/esi*orus 1 #ac #c3 cp4 ,dio ,*r4 ,or4 ii4 p4 #bhd #fj 1 4 r$undat atque effunditur4 ,h]mog5es1 de ,id4 ii4 #d p4 #cbb 1 4 ,mayor quotes also ,an?4 ,pal4 vii4 #ge1 #a-b 1 1 4 copiae vitium3 ii4 #d1 #d vitium utrumque1 peius tam5 illud quod ex inopia quam quod ex copia v5it3 ib4 #ab #d effusus pro copioso accipitur4 ,cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 i4 #bj #bj-a2 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #hh4 ,i3#fc ,alcaeus 9 p>te op]is #8aureo plectro' m]ito donatur1 qua tyrannos insectatus multum etiam moribus conf]t1 9 eloqu5do quoque brevis et magnificus et dilig5s et pl]umque oratori similis2 s$ et lusit et 9 amores desc5dit1 maioribus tam5 aptior4 #fc4 ,alcaeus ( ,mityl5e1 cir4 #fjj ,b4,c4 ,! criticism ( ,dionysius is z foll[s3-- 1 1 787 4 1 7 444 ,us5]74 9 p>te3 see on #i 9 illis4 aureo plectro4 #8,plectrum' is f 771 ! #8/rik+ ?+4' ,hor4 ,c>4 ii4 #ac1 #bf ,et te sonantem pl5ius aureo ,alcaee plectro dura navis1 ,dura fugae mala1 dura belli4 tyrannos insectatus4 ,^! 7 ,myrsilus & ,pittacus1 by ! latt] ( :om ,alcaeus 0 driv5 into bani%m5t4 ,^? ( 8 poems :i* relate to ! t5 ye>s' civil w> wag$ aga9/ ! tyrants 7 call$ 4 ,at "s "t dur+ ! rule ( ,pittacus1 ! p>ty ( ,alcaeus attempt$ a =cible return3 ,alcaeus 0 tak5 prison]1 b 0 at once set free by ! rul] :om he _h s bitt]ly attack$4 ,cp4 ,hor4 l4c4 s$ magis ,pugnas et exactos tyrannos ,d5sum um]is bibit ore vulgus3 id4 i4 #cb1 #e4 moribus3 cp4 9 ! passage quot$ f ,dionysius4 ,mayor appositely cites 8 say+ 4--,= conf]t ) dat4 cp4 #bg4 brevis 444 magnificus 444 oratori similis3 cp4 9 reg>d to ea* ( ^! po9ts ! criticism ( ,dionysius4--,= dilig5s see ,crit4 ,notes4 lusit4 ,= lud]e1 #8to write sportively1' to #8trifle'1 cp4 ,hor4 ,c>4 iv4 #i1 #i nec si quid olim lusit ,anacreon delevit aetas3 i4 #cb1 #b3 ,v]g4 ,georg4 iv4 #eff c>m9a qui lusi4 9 amores desc5dit1 9 8 & 4 ,cic4 ,tusc4 ,disp4 iv4 #ga =tis vir 9 sua republica cognitus quae de iuv5um amore scribit ,alcaeus6 ,hor4 ,c>4 i4 #cb1 #c sqq4 ,age1 dic ,lat9um1 b>bite1 c>m51 ,lesbio primum modulate civi1 ,qui f]ox bello tam5 int] arma1 ,sive iactatam relig>at udo ,litore navim1 ,lib]um et ,musas ,v5]emque et illi ,semp] ha]5tem pu]um canebat1 ,et ,lycum nigris oculis nigroque ,cr9e decorum4 maioribus rebus maioribus1 #8l(ti] !mes4' ,introd4 p4 xlvii4 ,cp4 i4 pr4 #e ad m9ora illa1 s$ quae si neglegas1 non sit maioribus locus4 ,cp4 subitis #g #cj3 ,ngelsba* #bd1 #b 7pp4 #aaf-aag74 ,i3#fd ,simonides1 t5uis alioqui1 s]mone #fa proprio et iucunditate quadam comm5d>i pote/2 praecipua tam5 eius 9 commov5da mis]atione virtus1 ut quidam 9 hac eum p>te omnibus eius op]is auctoribus praef]ant4 #fd4 ,simonides ( ,ceos 7#eef-dfh71 l ,p9d>1 0 =tunate 9 8 age1 & ! mo/ consid]able ( 8 fragm5ts t rema9 are full ( ! fire k9dl$ 9 8 he>t by ! great national /ruggle ) ,p]sia4 ,he 0 a sort ( cosmopolitan poet1 liv+ by turns 9 ,a!ns1 at ! c\rt ( ! ,aleuadae & ,scopadae 9 ,!ssaly1 ,cor9?1 ,sp>ta1 & ,sicily4 ,he cultivat$ fri5dly relations ) ,miltiades & ,!mi/ocles1 ) ,pausanias ( ,sp>ta1 & 7l ,p9d> & ,aes*ylus7 ) ,hi]o ( ,syracuse4 ,he 0 fam$ = 8 elegies1 epigrams1 ep9ician odes1 & e =m ( *oral lyric poetry4 ,8 wisdom 0 r5[n$3 1 ,plat4 ,rep4 #cca ,e1 :]e "s ( 8 gnomic utt]ances are discuss$3 cp4 ib4 #cce ,e3 ,protag4 #caf ,d4--,! criticism ( ,dionysius 7l4c47 corresponds3 7s]mone proprio71 1 1 1 4 #fa t5uis1 #8simple1' #8natural'3 cp4 #b #ai & #bc 7t5uitas71 also quot$ above4 7#8t]se simplicity'7 0 a quality ( ,simonides' /yle1 especially 9 8 epigrams3 #8:5 lea/ adorn$ adorn$ ! mo/1' ,mayor4 ,cp4 #dd1 note4 ,opposites are gr&is1 copiosus1 pl5us4 alioqui 1 #8= ! re/'3 cp4 cet]um4 ,see on #c #ac1 & ,introd4 p4 li4 s]mone proprio3 see on #df4 iucundidate3 see on iucundus #df1 & cp4 #hb1 #if1 #aja1 #aaj1 #aac3 #b #bc4 ,cic4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 i4 #fj non enim poeta solum suavis1 v]um etiam cet]oqui doctus sapi5sque traditur4 ,s ,tac4 ,dial4 #aj lyricorum iucunditatem4 mis]atione4 ,he 0 a ma/] ( pa?os1 especially 9 8 3 witness 8 #8,lam5t ( ,danae1' truly a #8preci\s t5d]-he>t$ scroll ( pure ,simonides4' ,g5]ally 8 poems seem to h be5 t+$ ) ! same melan*oly resignation z inspir$ ! e>li] writ]s ( elegy3 e4g4 fr4 #ci #8slight is ! /r5g? ( m51 & va9 are all _! c>es1 & 9 _! brief life tr\ble foll[s ^u tr\ble2 & dea?1 :i* none c %un1 hangs ov] all1--9 him bo? good & bad %>e equally4' ,catull4 #ch1 #g paulum quidlibet adlocutionis mae/ius lacrimis ,simonidis3 ,hor4 ,c>4 ii4 #a1 #cg s$ ne relictis ,musa procax iocis ,ceae retractes mun]a n5iae4 quidam3 see on putant #ed4 9 hac p>te1 #89 ?is respect4' ,cp4 i4 #c1 #ag3 #g #ai3 #aj #d3 ii4 #ag1 #a3 iii4 #f1 #fd3 xii4 #a1 #af4 ,s ab 7ex7 hac p>te4 op]is g5]is1 #8class ( poetry4' ,see on #i3 cp4 #bh #he4 auctoribus1 #bd4 ,i3#fe ,antiqua como$ia cum s9c]am illam s]monis ,attici gratiam prope sola ret9et1 tum facundissimae lib]tatis e/ et 9 insect&is vitiis praecipua2 plurimum tam5 virium etiam 9 #fb cet]is p>tibus habet4 ,nam et gr&is et elegans et v5u/a1 et nescio an ulla1 po/ ,hom]um tam51 quem ut ,a*ill5 semp] excipi p> e/1 aut similior sit oratoribus aut ad oratores faci5dos aptior4 #fe4 ,qu9tilian n[ proce$s to deal ) ! ,comic & ,tragic ,drama4 ,9 ! ( ,dionysius !re is no?+ ab\t ! ,old ,com$y1 & v little t corresponds ) ,qu9tilian 9 ! sections on ,aes*ylus1 ,sophocles1 & ,euripides4 ,bo? h[ev] pass f ,euripides to ,m5&]4 ,! ,old ,com$y 7#fe-ff7 0 closely connect$ ) ! political life ( ! day1 z may be se5 f its plots1 & especially f ! p>abases4 ,:5 ! lic5ce ( ridicule 0 curb$ 7by ! laws & 71 x pass$ into :at is kn[n z ,middle ,com$y 7,b4,c4 #djd-cch71 9 :i* lit]>y & speculative pursuits take ! place ( politics2 its atmosph]e is n t ( ! agora1 b ( ! lit]>y academies & s*ools ( philosophy4 ,9 ! ,new ,com$y 7#fi-gb7 ! ,*orus1 :i* has be5 becom+ less & less important1 is altoge!r ab&on$1 along ) o!r features :i* ! ,middle ,com$y _h 9 common ) ! ,old4 ,its /r5g? lies 9 its del9eation ( social life & mann]s1 & ! mat]ials on :i* x reli$ 7 h&$ on to ,rome1 :5ce1 ?r\gh ,plautus & ,t]5ce1 !y 7 transmitt$ to ,mod]n ,com$y4 ,qu9tilian takes no notice ( :at is t]m$ ,middle ,com$y4 ,betwe5 ! ,old & ! ,new1 ,trag$y is made to f9d a place 7#ff-fg71 ! plays ( ,euripides af=d+ a transition to ^? ( ,m5&]4 antiqua como$ia3 cp4 vet]is como$iae #i & #hb4 ,see ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #b3 #aj1 #ag4 s9c]am 444 gratiam3 #dd sana et v]e ,attica3 #ajj illam solis concessam ,atticis v5]em3 #ajg illa quae ,attici mirantur4 ,! same phrase occurs xii4 #aj1 #ce4 ,( ,roman ,com$y he says 7i4 #h1 #h7 9 como$iis elegantia et quidam velut inv5iri pote/4 lib]tatis #id1 #ajd4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #e multa cum lib]tate notabant3 ,a4 ,p4 #bha-bhd successit vetus 8 como$ia1 non s9e multa ,laude2 s$ 9 vitium lib]tas excidit et vim ,dignam lege regi2 lex e/ accepta *orusque ,turpit] obticuit sublato iure noc5di4 ,isocr4 de ,pace #ad 444 444 4 ,m>c4 ,aurel4 xi4 #f37 #fb 444 4--,= ! read+ see ,crit4 ,notes4 gr&is 1 #gg3 #b #af 7:]e x is oppos$ to tumidus74 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #ic-d ,int]dum tam5 et vocem como$ia tollit4 ,iratusque ,*remes tumido delitigat ore4 elegans3 #gh1 #hg1 #ic1 #ii3 #b #ai1 #8*oice1' #8ta/eful4' ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bgb v]borum delectus elegans4 ,9 ! treatise ad ,h]5n4 7iv4 #ab7 elegantia /&s along ) compositio & dignitas z a requisite ( /yle3 x includes ,lat9itas 7:i* avoids solecisms & b>b>isms71 & explanatio1 :i* uses v]ba usitata & propria4 v5u/a3 vi4 #c1 #ah v5u/um esse quod cum v5]e quadam et gratia dicatur app>et4 ,krg] sees 9 ^! adjj4 a ref]5ce to ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( ! ?ree diff]5t /yles di/+ui%$ by rhetoricians1 #dd4 nescio an ulla3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 ut ,a*ill53 ,il4 ii4 #fgc-d 1 3 ib4 #gfh4 ,alcaeus fr4 #fc 1 4 similior oratoribus3 #fc pl]umque oratori similis4 ,! same description ( ! /yle ( ! ,old ,com$y is giv5 by "o ( ! rhetoricians1 ,walz ,rhet4 ,gr4 v4 #dga 7cp4 vi4 #afd1 vii4 #icb7 1 4 ,/ud5ts ( oratory w5t to ! comic actors = pronuntiatio & ge/us3 i4 #aa1 #a-ad3 #ab1 #ad3 xi4 #c1 #aha4 ,i3#ff ,plures eius auctores1 ,ari/ophanes tam5 et ,eupolis ,crat9usque praecipui4 ,trago$ias primus 9 lucem ,aes*ylus protulit1 sublimis et gravis et gr&iloquus #fc saepe usque ad vitium1 s$ rudis 9 pl]isque et incompositus2 propt] quod correctas eius fabulas 9 c]tam5 def]re po/]ioribus poetis ,a!ni5ses p]mis]unt1 suntque eo modo multi coronati4 #ff4 ,ari/ophanes 444 ,eupolis 444 ,crat9us4 ,! same repres5tatives ( ,old ,com$y are nam$ 9 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #a3 cp4 ,p]sius i4 #abc ,audaci quicumque adflate ,crat9o ,iratum ,eupolidem praegr&i cum s5e palles4 ,s also ,dionysius1 ,art4 ,rhet4 viii4 #aa1 p4 #cjb ,r 7!re is no?+ ab\t ,old ,com$y 9 ! 4 473 1 1 2 ,velleius i4 #af1 #c3 ,diom$4 p4 #dhi ,k 7p4 #i ,reiff47 #8,ar4 ,eup4 et ,crat4 qui vel pr9cipum vitia sectati ac]bissimas como$ias composu]unt4' ,! *ronological ord] w\ld be1 ,crat9us 7#eai-dbb71 ,ari/ophanes 7#ddh-chj71 ,eupolis 7#ddf-daj74 ,9 #dbd ,b4,c4 ,crat9us ) 8 7#8,w9e-flask'7 ga9$ ! victory ov] ! ,cl\ds ( ,ari/ophanes1 :ile 9 ! previ\s ye> ,eupolis is said to h help$ 8 great] rival 9 ! composition ( ! ,knights4 ,crat9us 0 ! real orig9ator ( political com$y3 see ! gramm>ian quot$ by ,me9eke 7i4 p4 #edj73 #8he add$ a s]i\s moral object to ! m]e amusem5t 9 com$y1 by revil+ evil-do]s 7 1 cp4 insect&is vitiis7 & *a/is+ !m ) 8 com$y1 z x 7 ) a public sc\rge'3 cp4 ,platon4 de ,com4 p4 #bg 444 4 primus4 ,j z 9 treat+ ( ,com$y ,qu9tilian passes ov] ! ,meg>ian f>ces ( ,sus>ion1 & su* e>li] writ]s z ,*ionides & ,magnes1 s n[ he omits all m5tion ( ,prat9as1 ,*o]ilus1 ,!spis & ,phryni*us4 ,!spis introduc$ ! actor 77 & arrang$ t ! di?yrambic *oruses %\ld be int]rupt$ by regul> dialogue betwe5 ! coryphaeus & ! actor4 ,?is /ep secur$ ! entrance ( ! dramatic elem5t1 z di/9ct f ! lyric1 & made subsequ5t developm5t easy4 ,aes*ylus is h[ev] ! real f\nd] ( trag$y3 he introduc$ a second actor & subord9at$ ! *oral song to ! dialogue1 besides elaborat+ ! ma*9]y ( ! /age & ! sc5ic decoration employ$ !reon4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #bge sqq4 sublimis1 c4 ,cp4 ,dionysius1 l4c41 7,us5]1 p4 #ba7 #fc 1 1 _/_/ 1 4 gr&iloquus4 ,cp4 ,ari/oph4 ,frogs #hbc 1 #ici 444 1 #ajjd1 444 ,s too ! biograph] ( ,aes*ylus1 7see on #dd7 444 4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #bhj #8et docuit magnumque loqui nitique co?urno4' rudis et incompositus1 #8unc\? & inh>moni\s4' ,cp4 horride atque incomposite #b #ag3 & note on compositus #dd4 ,9 ! de ,comp4 ,v]b4 c4 #bb ,dionysius names ,aes*ylus along ) ,antima*us z a repres5tative ( 7p4 #aej ,r74 ,= rudis cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #ff rudis et ,graecis intacti c>m9is auctor3 = incompositus see ,introd4 p4 xlv4 ,! au?or ( ! treatise #8,on ! ,sublime' qualifies 8 eulogy ( ,aes*ylus by add+ 9 ! same way t 8 plays 7 frequ5tly unpoli%$1 ill dige/$1 & r\gh 9 /yle4 9 pl]isque2 neut4 #89 g5]al1' #8= ! mo/ "p4' ,see ,intod4 p4 xlvii4 propt] quod quam ob rem3 #g #f3 #e #bc4 ,see on #aj4 correctas 444 p]mis]unt4 ,?is passage has be5 ! subject ( mu* controv]sy4 ,x seems inconsi/5t ) our k ( ! /atute pass$ by ! orator ,lycurgus 7#cif7 enact+ t (ficial copies ( ! plays ( ! ?ree great trag$ians %\ld be made1 & t no new p]=mance ( !m %\ld be all[$ )\t a comp>ison ( ! act+ copy ) ! ,/ate ,,ms4 ,p]haps ,qu9tilian misund]/ood ! phrase 1 commonly appli$ to plays revis$ by ! au?or himself ) a view to a second repres5tation4 ,madvig h[ev] 7,kl4 philol4 ,s*r4 #ahge1 pp4 #dfd-e7 ?9ks x q probable t revis$ v]sions ( plays ( ,aes*ylus 7 all[$ to be br\ght into competition by lat] poets 7say 9 ! latt] half ( ! #d? c5tury71 :5 ,aes*ylus came 9 = criticism on ! score ( ! defects allud$ to above 7rudis et incompositus71 b :51 on ! o!r h&1 creative g5ius 0 n s abundant4 ,krg] quotes ,rohde 7#8,sc5ica1' ,rhe94 ,mus4 #ahhc1 vol4 #ch1 p4 #bhi sqq471 :o sees 9 ! words ( ! s*olia/ on ,ari/4 ,a*4 #aj 7 7 a complim5t paid to ,aes*ylus alone1 & consi/+ n m]ely 9 ! appreciative revival ( 8 plays aft] 8 dea?1 b 9 ! fact t !y 7 reproduc$ n z b z new dramas1 7 provid$ afre% ) *oruses by ! ar*on1 & 7 admitt$ to competition at ! great ,dionysia 7:]e only new trag$ies 7 repres5t$7 if any "o appe>$1 :o 9 ! "n ( ! dead poet ask$ to be provid$ ) a *orus4 ,cp4 1 vit4 ,acs*yl4 #fh1 ,d9dorf#e4 ,i3#fg ,s$ longe cl>ius inlu/rav]unt hoc opus ,sophocles atque ,euripides1 quorum 9 disp>i dic5di via ut] sit poeta melior int] plurimos qua]itur4 ,idque ego sane1 quoniam ad praes5tem mat]iam nihil p]t9et1 iniudicatum #fd rel9quo4 ,illud quidem nemo non fateatur necesse e/1 iis qui se ad ag5dum comp>ant utiliorem longe =e ,euripid54 #fg4 longe1 ) ! comp4 vi4 #d1 #ba3 #c #ac4 ,cp4 ,v]g4 ,a54 ix4 #eef3 ,vell4 ii4 #gd1 #a4 ,9 ,cic]o longe is us$ only ) ! sup]l4 7& ) alius3 pro ,caec4 i4 #c7 ) ! comp>4 he g5]ally has multo4 ,qu9tilian has also longe pr9ceps #fa3 & multo ) sup]l41 e4g4 i4 #b1 #bd4 opus3 sc4 trago$ias 9 lucem pr(]5di4 ,see on #i4 9 disp>i dic5di via4 ,by ,dionysius ,euripides is made ! only repres5tative ( ! #8smoo?' /yle ( composition 7 1 de ,comp4 ,v]b4 c4 #bc71 :ile ,sophocles repres5ts ! middle /yle 7 or 1 ib4 c4 #bd74 ,?is mu/ ( c\rse be kept di/9ct f ! ?ree 1 or /yles ( diction1 :i* he enum]ates 9 8 essay on ,demo/h5es1 c4 #a-c4 qua]itur4 ,mod]n criticism has tak5 #fd up ! issue1 & ,euripides has suff]$ f be+ id5tifi$ ) :at 0 practically a dramatic revolution4 ,s*legel depreciat$ him z contra/+ ) ,sophocles 9 _m po9ts4 ,mr4 ,jebb's utt]ance w /&3 #8no "o is capable ( feel+ t ,sophocles is supreme :o does n feel t ,euripides is admirable' 7,att4 ,or4 i4 p4 xcix74 utiliorem3 s magis acc$it oratorio g5]i imm$iately bel[3 ,dionysius l4c4 xi4 7,us5]1 p4 #bb7 4 ,i3#fh ,namque is et s]mone 7quod ipsum repreh5dunt quibus gravitas et co?urnus et sonus ,sophocli videtur esse sublimior7 magis acc$it oratorio g5]i1 et s5t5tiis d5sus et 9 iis quae a sapi5tibus tradita sunt pa5e ipsis p>1 et dic5do ac respond5do cuilibet eorum qui fu]unt 9 =o dis]ti comp>&us2 9 adfectibus v]o cum omnibus mirus1 tum 9 iis qui 9 mis]atione con/ant facile praecipuus4 #fh4 quod ipsum repreh5dunt3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 gravitas 444 sublimior4 ,! use ( ! comp>ative takes away f ! difficulty :i* comm5tators h f\nd 9 ! conjunction ( sublimior z a pr$icate ) gravitas & co?urnus z well z ) sonus4--,= co?urnus1 cp4 ,iuv4 vi4 #fcd ,f+imus haec1 altum ,satira sum5te co?urnum ,scilicet et f9em egressi legemque priorum ,gr&e ,sophocleo c>m5 bac*amur hiatu4 s5t5tiis d5sus3 cp4 s5t4 creb] #ajb3 & = d5sus 7 pressus7 #gc1 #gf4 ,euripides _h be5 a pupil ( ,anaxagoras4 ,some?+ might be said 9 support ( ,halm's sugge/ion to ins]t e/ aft] d5sus4 sapi5tibus4 ,9 ,euripides philosophy is br\ght on ! /age1 & diff]5t !ories are put =w>d 9 8 plays z to su* que/ions z ! moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 ! opposition betwe5 fre$om & au?ority1 ! nature ( puni%m5t1 ! "q ( a future life1 c4 dic5do ac respond5do4 ,9 ?is appe>s ! influ5ce ( 8 sophi/ic tra9+4 ,euripides knew 8 audi5ce1 & 9 8 plays ! *>act]s indulge to ! full all ! t5d5cies t 7 fo/]$ by ! sophi/ic habit ( debate1 :ile ! *orus is z x 7 ! jury to :i* !y address _! argum5ts = & aga9/ a p>ticul> proposition4 ,cp4 ,dion4 l4c4 4 adfectibus 444 mis]atione4 ,ari/4 ,poet4 #ac 4 facile4 ,s facile pr9ceps ,cic4 ad ,fam4 vi4 #aj1 #b3 facile primus pro ,rosc4 ,am]4 #ae4 ,= ! read+ see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#fi ,hunc admiratus maxime e/1 ut saepe te/atur1 et secutus1 quamquam 9 op]e div]so1 ,m5&]1 qui vel unus meo quidem iudicio dilig5t] lectus ad cuncta quae praecipimus eff+5da sufficiat3 ita omnem #fe vitae imag9em expressit1 tanta 9 eo inv5i5di copia et eloqu5di facultas1 ita e/ omnibus rebus1 p]sonis1 adfectibus accommodatus4 #fi4 te/atur3 n 9 any extant fragm5t1 ?\gh x is by no means improbable t 9 "s ( 8 num]\s plays ,m5&] express$ an admiration = ! mo/ popul> trag$ian ( ! day4 ,m5&]1 #cdb-bij ,b4,c4 ,at 8 dea? ! ,a!nians erect$ 8 tomb ne> ! c5otaph ( ,euripides1 9 tok5 ( ! affectionate reg>d 9 :i* he _h held ! eld] poet4 #8,euripides 0 ! =]unn] ( ! ,new ,com$y2 ! poets ( ?is species admir$ him especially1 & ackn[l$g$ him = _! ma/]4 ,nay1 s great is ?is aff9ity ( tone & _s betwe5 ,euripides & ! poets ( ! ,new ,com$y1 t apo!gms ( ,euripides h be5 ascrib$ to ,m5&] & vice v]sa4 ,on ! contr>y1 we f9d among ! fragm5ts ( ,m5&] maxims ( consolation :i* rise1 9 a /rik+ mann]1 ev5 into ! tragic tone4' ,s*legel4 ,see ,me9eke ,com4 ,frag4 iv4 ,epimetrum ii41 ,m5&] imitator ,euripidis4 omnem vitae imag9em4 ,m5&] 0 ! #8mirror ( life'3 cp4 ! exclamation ( ,ari/ophanes ( ,byzantium 1 2 ,manilius v4 #dgj ,m5&] #fe ,qui vitam o/5dit vitae4 ,s ,cic]o 9 a fragm5t ( ! ,de ,republica 7or ! ,hort5sius1 ,us5]1 p4 #abj73 ,como$ia e/ imitatio vitae1 speculum consuetud9is1 et v]itatis imago4--,= ?is use ( exprim]e1 a figure f ! pla/ic art1 cp4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #cb-c4 tauta 9 eo1 c4 ,cp4 ) ?is ,dionysius l4c4 7,us5]1 p4 #bb7 1 4 4 ,i3#gj ,nec nihil pr(ecto vid]unt qui orationes1 quae ,*>isi nom9i addicuntur1 a ,m5&ro scriptas putant4 ,s$ mihi longe magis orator prob>i 9 op]e suo videtur1 nisi =te aut illa iudicia1 qua ,epitrepontes1 ,epicl]os1 ,locroe hab5t1 aut m$itationes 9 ,psophodee1 ,nomo!te1 ,hypobolimaeo non omnibus oratoriis num]is sunt absolutae4 #gj4 nihil vid]unt3 !y h n #8lack$ discrim9ation4' ,s1 ( political insight or =esight1 ,cic4 pro4 ,leg4 ,manil4 #fd s9 autem vos plus 9 republica vidi/is3 ,phil4 ii4 #ci cum me vidisse plus fat]etur1 se sp]avisse meliora4 ,*>isius1 an ,a!nian orator1 a contempor>y ( ,demo/h5es1 :o wrote spee*es = o!rs1 9 :i* he 0 ?\ght to imitate ,lysias3 he 0 9 turn imitat$ by ,hegesias1 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bhf4 addicuntur3 ,aul4 ,gell4 iii4 #c4 #ac i/aec como$iae nom9i eius 7,plauti7 addicuntur4 9 op]e suo3 #8,i consid] t he proves 8 oratorical ability f> m 9 8 own dep>tm5t' 7i4e4 z a writ] ( com$y7--?an 9 ^? spee*es ( ,*>isius1 suppos+ t he did compose !m4 ,= opus see on #i3 cp4 #fg4 nisi =te1 ironical3 see on #e #f3 cp4 #b #h4 ,! =mula introduces #8a case :i* is 9 fact inadmissible1 b is int5d$ to sugge/ to ano!r p]son t he _c diff] f our op9ion1 )\t admitt+ z true a ?+ :i* is improbable & absurd1' ,zumpt #ebf4 iudicia 444 m$itationes3 #8judicial plead+s1' spee*es suitable to be made be=e a c\rt--#8extra-judicial plead+s1' law-s*ool spee*es1 declamationes1 4 ,cp4 iv4 #b1 #bi cum sit declamatio =5sium actionum m$itatio3 #e #ad4--,! names are ^? ( "s ( ,m5&]'s com$ies3 ,! ,tru/+1 ,! ,heiress1 ,! ,locri1 ,! ,timid ,man1 ,! ,lawy]1 ,! ,*angel+4 ,! second & ! la/ are kn[n to h be5 imitat$ by ,caecilius4 ,= ! read+ see ,crit4 ,notes4 num]is3 "h z at #ia r ?an z at #d1 :]e see note4 ,"h x only p>tibus & has no?+ to d ) rhy?mical composition4 ,9 ?is s5se x is f\nd almo/ inv>iably ) omnis3 ,v>ro apud ,aul4 ,gell4 xiii4 #aa1 #a ipsum de9de convivium con/at ex rebus quatuor1 et tum d5ique omnibus suis num]is absolutum e/1 c43 ,cic4 de ,n4 ,d4 ii4 #cg mundum 444 p]fectum expletumque omnibus suis num]is et p>tibus3 de ,div4 i4 #bc quod omnes habet 9 se num]os3 de ,(f4 iii4 #ad3 de ,f94 iii4 #bd omnes num]os virtutis cont95t3 ,s54 ,ep4 #ga #af 7v]itas7 habet num]os suos3 pl5a e/3 #ie #e3 ,iuv4 vi4 #bdi3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cb p] omnes eloqu5tiae num]os isse4 ,s viii4 pr4 #a p] omnes num]os p5itus cognosc]e4 ,i3#ga ,ego tam5 plus adhuc quiddam collaturum eum declamatoribus puto1 quoniam 8 necesse e/ secundum #ff condicionem controv]si>um plures subire p]sonas1 patrum filiorum1 militum ru/icorum1 divitum paup]um1 irasc5tium deprecantium1 mitium asp]orum2 9 quibus omnibus mire cu/oditur ab hoc poeta decor4 #ga4 plus adhuc quiddam 1 or 4 ,adhuc ) comp>4 7= etiam7 is po/-,augu/an3 cp4 #ii4 ,"h quiddam 7l 7 is us$ to modify ! =ce ( ! comp>ative4 ,s adhuc melius ii4 #d1 #ac3 adhuc difficilior i4 #e1 #bb3 lib]ior adhuc disputatio vii4 #b1 #ad3 & ,tac4 ,g]m4 #bi3 ,suet4 ,n]o #aj3 ,s54 ,ep4 #he1 #bd3 ,spald+ on i4 #e1 #bb4 declamatoribus4 ,/ud5ts 9 ! s*ools ( rhetoric1 & ev5 speak]s ( a m mature type1 practis$ declamation at ,rome 9 ! %ape ( oratorical compositions on que/ions :i*1 ?\gh fictiti\s1 7 yet ak9 to su* z 7 argu$ 9 ! law-c\rts4 ,! y\?ful aspirant le>n$ 9 ?is way to speak 9 #ff public 7,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #adi3 ,qu9t4 ii4 #aj1 #d3 ib4 #ab71 :ile ! orator _h ! opportunity ( p]fect+ 8 articulation & deliv]y4 ,to ^! two aims ! ,greek t]ms & correspond3 = ! fir/ cp4 de ,orat4 i4 #bea1 & = ! second ,brut4 #caj4 ,x 0 9 ! age ( ! decad5ce ( ,roman oratory t declamation came to be an end 9 itself4 ,at fir/ x _h be5 m]ely a prep>atory ex]cise2 n[1 "u ! head ( suasoriae 7delib]ativae mat]iae7 & controv]siae 7iudiciales mat]iae71 f9i%$ oratorical compositions 7 produc$1 grac$ by all ! ornam5ts ( g5u9e rhetoric4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ce4 controv]si>um4 ,cp4 iv4 #b1 #ig ev5it aliqu&o 9 s*ola/icis controv]siis quod 9 =o an possit accid]e dubito3 iii4 #h1 #ea praecipue declamatoribus consid]&um e/ quid cuique p]sonae conv5iat1 qui p>cissimas controv]sias ita dicunt ut advocati3 pl]umque filii1 p>5tes1 divites1 s5es1 asp]i1 l5es1 av>i1 d5ique sup]/itiosi1 timidi1 d]isores fiunt1 ut vix como$i>um actoribus plures habitus 9 pronunti&o concipi5di sunt1 quam 8 9 dic5do4 decor3 see on #bg4 ,i3#gb ,atque ille quidem omnibus eiusdem op]is auctoribus ab/ulit nom5 et fulgore quodam suae cl>itatis t5ebras obduxit4 ,tam5 hab5t alii quoque comici1 si cum v5ia leguntur1 qua$am quae possis dec]p]e1 et praecipue ,philemon2 qui ut prave sui temporis iudiciis ,m5&ro saepe praelatus e/1 ita cons5su tam5 omnium m]uit cr$i secundus4 #gb4 eiusdem op]is1 i4e4 ,com$y1 n ! ,new ,com$y only1 z is %[n by alii comici bel[4 ,along ) ,m5&] & ,philemon1 ,velleius 7i4 #af1 #c7 & ,diom$es 7p4 #dhi ,k1 p4 #i ,reiff47 m5tion ,diphilus1 on :om bo? ,plautus & ,t]5ce drew = mat]ial4 nom53 see on #hg4 fulgore 444 obduxit3 #8has put !m 9 ! %ade by ! brightness ( 8 own glory4' cum v5ia3 cp4 i4 #e1 #aa3 ,ov4 ,tr4 i4 #a1 #df scriptaque cum v5ia qualiacumque leget3 ib4 iv4 #a1 #ajd cum v5ia facito1 quisquis es1 i/a legas4 ,kid]l9 rightly holds ?is read+ to be1 n only possible1 b at lea/ z appropriate to hab5t qua$am z any ( ! conjectures 7see ,crit4 ,notes7 by :i* x has be5 propos$ to supplant x4 ,! sev]e critic w p]haps n f9d any?+ 9 ! o!r comic poets useful = ! orator3 b he :o reads !m ) indulg5ce 7i4e4 mak+ all[ance = _! pov]ty z comp>$ ) ,m5&]7 w f9d some?+4 ,x is diff]5t ) ,m5&]1 9 ^: plays ev5 ! rigor\s critic w f9d ev]y?+ t ! orator ne$s 7#fi74 ,philemon1 ( ,soli 9 ,cilicia1 #cfj-bfb4 ,fragm5ts ( fifty-six ( 8 n9ety plays are extant4 ,8 0 us$ by ,plautus = ! ,tr9ummus1 & 8 = ! ,m]cator4 prave1 #8adv]bium pro s5t5tia4' ,cp4 iii4 #g1 #ah quidam sicut ,m5&] iu/iora po/]iorum quam suae aetatis iudicia sunt consecuti3 ,aul4 ,gell4 #ag1 #a ,m5&] a ,philemone nequaquam p>i scriptore 9 c]tam9ibus como$i>um 444 saep5um]o v9cebatur4--,see ,crit4 ,notes4 m]uit cr$i m]ito cr$itus e/ 7or cr$itur74 ,cp4 #gd4 ,else:]e m]eo means little m ?an adipisci1 consequi3 #id1 #aaf3 vi4 #d1 #e nec imm]ito quidam 444 m]u]unt nom9a patronorum4 ,= ! nom94 ) inf4 cp4 #ig qui esse docti adfectant3 ,ov4 ,met4 xiii4 #cad esse reus m]ui4 #gc-ge4 ,greek ,hi/orians3-- ,9 8 7or #b7 ,dionysius says no?+ ( ,ephorus1 ,clit>*us1 or ,timag5es1 b draws a m elaborate p>allel 7,us5]1 p4 #bb7 betwe5 ,h]odotus & ,?ucydides1 z well z betwe5 ,phili/us & ,x5ophon3 ,!opompus he treats by himself4 ,illu/rative #fg passages are f\nd also 9 ! ,iudicium de ,?ucydide & ! ,epi/ola ad ,cn4 ,pompeium 7de ,praecip4 ,hi/oricis74 ,cp4 also ,cic]o1 de ,orat4 ii4 #ee sq41 :]e ! ord] is ,h]odotus & ,?ucydides1 ,phili/us1 ,!opompus & ,ephorus1 ,x5ophon1 ,calli/h5es1 & ,timaeus4 ,= ! la/ two ,qu9t4 sub/itutes ,clit>*us & ,timag5es4 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 xxxiii4 ,i3#gc ,hi/oriam multi scrips]e praecl>e1 s$ nemo dubitat longe #fg duos cet]is praef]5dos1 quorum div]sa virtus laudem pa5e e/ p>em consecuta4 ,d5sus et brevis et semp] in/ans sibi #fh ,?ucydides1 dulcis et c&idus et fusus ,h]odotus3 ille concitatis hic remissis adfectibus melior1 ille contionibus hic s]monibus1 ille vi hic voluptate4 #gc4 scrips]e4 ,9 i4 #e1 #db ,qu9t4 7speak+ ( ! =ms scrips]e & leg]e7 says #8evit&ae asp]itatis gratia mollitum e/ ut apud vet]es pro male m]]is1 male m]]e1' ib4 #dd #8quid8 non ,livius circa initia /atim primi libri1 t5u]e1 inquit1 arcem ,sab9i8 et mox1 9 adv]sum ,romani subi]e8 s$ quem potius ego quam ,m4 ,tullium sequor1 qui 9 ,oratore1 non repreh5do1 inquit1 scrips]e2 scrips]unt esse v]ius s5tio4' ,! passage ref]r$ to is ,or4 #aeg4 ,! t]m9ation -ere = -erunt is #8f\nd 9 "s ( ! e>lie/ inscriptions1 & is n uncommon 9 ,plautus & ,t]5ce1 r>e 9 ,cic]o & ,caes>1 b frequ5t 9 dactylic poets & ,livy1' ,roby1 #egh4 ,mr4 ,s&ys also quotes ,dr4 ,reid3 #8,!re is h>dly a s\nd example ( -ere 9 ! p]fect 9 any really good ,,ms4 ( ,cic]o 7see ,neue1 ii4 #cij ff472 & simil>ly 9 ! case ( ,caes>4' ,qu9tilian has p]mis]unt1 #ff 7:]e ! lat] ,,mss4 give -ere73 illu/rav]unt #fg3 vid]unt #gj3 induls]e #hd4 ,see ,bonnell1 ,proleg4 de ,gramm4 ,qu9t4 p4 xxvii4 nemo dubitat 444 praef]5dos4 ,! acc4 & inf4 ) dubito 7= ! negative expression ( d\bt7 is mu* ! m common con/ruction 9 ,qu9t4 7cp4 #ha1 #d #b71 ?\gh he also uses qu9 & subj4 7e4g4 #b #a3 xii4 #a1 #db ad hoc nemo dubitabit qu9 444 magis e republica sit74 ,a /udy ( ! in/ances 9 ,bonn4 ,lex4 w fail to reveal any pr9ciple ( diff]5ce3 cp4 vii4 #f1 #aj quis dubit>et qu9 ea voluntas fuisset te/antis8 ) ix4 #d1 #fh quis enim dubitet unum s5sum 9 hoc et unum spiritum esse8 & i4 #aj1 #ab atqui cl>os nom9e sapi5tiae viros nemo dubitav]it /udiosos musices fuisse4 ,! acc4 ) inf4 belongs on ! :ole to ! usage ( ! ,silv] ,age1 be+ frequ5t 9 ,livy1 ,nepos 7e4g4 8 op5+ words #8non dubito =e pl]osque1 ,attice'71 ,tacitus1 ,pl9y 7e4g4 praef4 #ah nec dubitamus multa esse71 ,pl9y ! ,y\ng]1 ,tacitus & ,suetonius4 ,x nev] occurs 9 ,caes> or ,sallu/1 & 9 ,cic]o only 9 d\btful cases3 ^! are 8 y\?ful transl4 ( ,x5ophon's ,oeconomicus1 :]e he has 7#f7 quis enim dubitet nihil esse pul*rius 9 omni ratione vitae dispositione atque ord9e8 ad ,att4 vii4 #a1 #b1 :]e ! passage may be diff]5tly con/ru$3 de ,f94 iii4 #aa1 #ch nihil e/ enim de quo m9us dubit>i possit quam et hone/a expet5da p] se et eodem modo turpia p] se esse fugi5da4 ,9 ! la/ in/ance ! dep5d5t clause #8de quo 444 possit' #8c]tius'3 & aft] #8quam' #8illud' may be suppli$4 ,on ! o!r h& cp4 = qu9 ,rep4 i4 #bc3 ,brut4 #ga3 de ,s54 #ca3 9 ,v]r4 ii4 #a1 #dj4 ,9 "y ,cic]o's lett] to ,tiro 7ad ,fam4 xvi4 #ba1 #b7 we f9d ! acc4 c4 inf41 ?\gh bel[ 7#g7 he has ! usual con/ruction4 div]sa virtus 444 consecuta3 z = example f ,dionysius1 ,epi/4 ad ,cn4 ,pomp4 pp4 #gge-g ,r 7,us5]1 p4 #eg sq474 ,d5sus1 #fh4 ,x is oppos$ to fusus "h z 9 #ajf to copiosus4 ,cp4 ,dionysius1 p4 #hfi ,r1 1 4 brevis3 ,dion4 4 4 p4 #dbe ,r 7,us5]1 pp4 #bb-c7 4 ,?is is :at ,dion4 calls p4 #gic ,r 7,u4 p4 #hb74 semp] in/ans sibi1 #8ev] press+ on4' ,?ucydides does n #8let ?+s drift1' b closely foll[s up ea* ?\ght1 mak+ e ^w tell1 & ev5 hurry+ on to a new idea be=e he has fully develop$ ! previ\s "o3 ,dion4 l4c4 4 ,cp4 xi4 #c1 #afd in/&um quibusdam 9 p>tibus et d5s&a oratio4 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #b1 #ga nec praec$5tibus in/o3 cp4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #i e/ brevitate opus ut currat s5t5tia neu se imp$iat v]bis lassas on]antibus aures4--,cic]o's ref]5ces to ,?ucydides are simil>3 ,orat4 #dj ,?ucydides praefractior nec satis ut ita dicam rotundus2 de ,orat4 ii4 #ef creb] e/ r]um frequ5tia 444 porro v]bis e/ aptus et pressus2 ibid4 #ic 7) ,p]icles & ,alcibiades7 subtiles1 acuti1 breves1 s5t5tiisque magis quam v]bis abundantes2 ,brut4 #bi gr&es erant v]bis1 crebri #fh s5t5tiis1 compressione r]um breves et ob eam ipsam causam int]dum subobscuri4 dulcis1 #gg1 #8pleas+1' cp4 voluptate1 bel[4 ,s ,cic4 ,hort5s4 #8quid enim aut ,h]odoto dulcius aut ,?ucydide gravius8' is "o ( ! ess5tials ( 9 ,dionysius 7de ,comp4 ,v]b4 xi4 p4 #ec ,r74 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] he has di/+ui%$ betwe5 & 1 all[+ ! latt] to ,?ucydides & bo? to ,h]odotus3 4 ,h]mog5es 7ii4 p4 #bbf7 makes ! *>act]i/ic ( ,h]odotus on acc\nt ( ! attractiv5ess ( 8 digressions4 c&idus3 #aac1 #aba3 ,cic4 ,orat4 #ec elaborant alii 9 444 puro et quasi quodam c&ido g5]e dic5di4 ,s 9 ii4 #e1 #ai ,qu9tilian recomm5ds "y p]sons to read c&idum quemque et maxime expositum1--,livy r ?an ,sallu/3 ( ,livy he says else:]e 7#aja7 9 n>r&o mirae iucunditatis cl>issimique c&oris4 ,! ^w d5otes #8cle>ness1' #8transp>5cy'3 ,dion4 74 4 ,r1 ,u4 p4 #bb7 4 ,su* a quality ( /yle is ! revelation ( a man's inn] nature4 ,x avoids all adv5titi\s ornam5t 7ibid4 74 ,undue brevitas (t5 int]f]es ) x 7 71 s t ! ^w gives a p>tial anti!sis to brevis4 fusus supplies ! anti!sis to d5sus z well z to semp] in/ans sibi4 ,cp4 #gg3 ii4 #c1 #e con/ricta an latius fusa oratio3 ix4 #d1 #ach fusi ac flu5tes4 ,s ,cic]o ,orat4 #ci alt] s9e ullis salebris quasi s$atus amnis fluit1 alt] incitatior f]tur4 concitatis 444 remissis adfectibus4 ,dionysius1 speak+ ( 7ad ,cn4 ,pomp4 p4 #ggf ,r1 ,u4 p4 #eh71 says 1 4 ,s 74 4 p4 #dbe ,r1 ,u4 p4 #bc7 1 4 ,cp4 p4 #gic ,r 4 ,= ! di/9ction betwe5 7! appeal to ! moral s5se7 & 7! appeal to ! emotions7 see ,cic4 ,orat4 #abh3 ,qu9t4 vi4 #b1 #h-aj ,adfectus igitur hos concitatos illos mites atque compositos esse dix]unt1 & sq4 ,cp4 #dh & #aja ( ?is book1 & iii4 #d1 #ae concit&is compon5disve adfectibus4 contionibus 444 s]monibus3 n ! same anti!sis z n>r&o 444 contionibus #aja1 q4v4 ,! opposition "h is betwe5 ! set h>angues ( ,?ucydides & ! less =mal conv]sations ( ,h]odotus4 ,9 ,?ucydides ! only dialogues are t betwe5 ! ,melians & ! ,a!nians 9 ,book ,v1 & t betwe5 ,ar*idamus & ! ,plataeans 9 ,book ,,ii1 :]eas ,h]odotus #8seldom speaks :]e !re is a fair pretext = mak+ ! *>act]s speak4444 ,ev5 ! long] spee*es h usually ! conv]sational tone r ?an ! rhetorical1' ,jebb4 7,hild is wrong 9 ref]r+ s]monibus to 9 ,dionysius & contionibus to 3 4 4 p4 #dbd ,r1 ,u4 p4 #bb3 cp4 de ,admir4 ,deor4 vi4 c4 #ea1 p4 #aaab ,r sq474 ,! spee*es ( ,?ucydides are criticis$ by ,dionysius 7"u ! head bo? ( & 7 9 8 ,iudicium1 *4 #cd1 p4 #hif ,r sq4 ,h]odotus on ! o!r h& 7ibid4 #bc ad f9471 444 1 4 ,dionysius's own op9ion ( ! spee*es 9 ,?ucydides is se5 f ! la/ *apt] ( 8 ,iudicium 7pp4 #iej-b ,r7 to h agre$ ) t ( ,cic]o1 ,orator #cj3 ipsae illae contiones ita multas hab5t obscuras abditasque s5t5tias vix ut intellegantur4 7,cp4 ,brutus #bhg47 ,on ?is gr\nd he says nihil ab eo transf]ri pote/ ad =5sem usum et publicum3 cp4 de ,opt4 ,g54 #ae1 #af4 ,dionysius1 h[ev] 7*4 #cd ad init47 indicates t "s p ?\ght diff]5tly3 4--,= ! spee*es see ,blass1 ,att4 ,b]$s p4 #bca sq43 & ,jebb's ,essay 9 ,hell5ica1 esp4 pp4 #bfi-bge4 vi 444 voluptate4 ,_m passages may be quot$ f ,dionysius to illu/rate ?is anti!sis3 4 4 p4 #dbe ,r1 ,us5] p4 #bc #fi 3 444 3 ad4 ,cn4 ,pomp4 iii4 p4 #ggf ,r 7,u4 p4 #eh7 4 4 4 ,s ,iud4 de ,?ucyd4 #bc1 p4 #hff ,r 4 ,s 9 ! ,epi/4 ad ,pomp4 iii4 p4 #gfg ,r he praises ,h]odotus = 8 *oice ( subject 7 444 ,u4 p4 #ej71 :ile ,?ucyd4 0 consci\s 7de ,comp4 ,v]b4 p4 #afe ,r74 ,x is 8 v>iety 7 7 & ! provid+ ( agreeable t give ,hdt4 8 *>m3 p4 #ggb ,r3 :ile ,?ucydides is by comp>ison p4 #ggc 7,us5] pp4 #ed-e74 ,= vi cp4 also ,orat4 #ci alt] incitatior f]tur1 et de bellicis rebus canit etiam quodam modo bellicum3 = voluptate ,qu9t4 ix4 #d1 #ah 9 ,h]odoto v]o cum omnia1 ut ego quidem s5tio1 l5it] fluunt1 tum ipsa habet eam iucunditatem ut lat5tes 9 se num]os complexa videatur4 ,& aga9 ,dionysius1 p4 #ggg ,r3 ,u4 p4 #ei 1 7#8impressive'7 4 ,i3#gd ,!opompus 8 proximus #fi ut 9 hi/oria pra$ictis m9or1 ita oratori magis similis1 ut qui1 antequam e/ ad hoc opus sollicitatus1 diu fu]it orator4 ,phili/us quoque m]etur qui turbae quamvis bonorum po/ eos auctorum eximatur1 imitator ,?ucydidi et ut multo infirmior1 #gj ita aliquat5us lucidior4 ,ephorus1 ut ,isocrati visum1 calc>ibus eget4 ,clit>*i probatur +5ium1 fides infamatur4 #gd4 ,!opompus1 ( ,*ios1 born ab\t #cgh ,b4,c4 ,:at ,qu9t4 says ( him is n f\nd 9 ,dion4 ?\gh ! latt] gives him high praise 9 ! ,epi/4 ad ,cn4 ,pomp4 p4 #ghb ,r sq4 ,cp4 4 4 p4 #dbh sq4 ,he wrote two hi/ories1 nei!r ( :i* has come d[n to u3--7#a7 1 conta9+ 9 twelve books ! sequel to ! ,peloponnesian ,w>1 d[n to ! battle ( ,knidos 7,b4,c4 #cid72 & 7#b7 1 a hi/ory ( affairs "u ,philip1 9 fifty-eight books4 ,dionysius says t he 0 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( all ! pupils ( ,isocrates1 :om he resembl$ 9 /yle 7l4c4 p4 #ghf74 ,8 ma/] said t he ne$$ ! bit1 z ,ephorus 7see bel[7 ! spur3 ii4 #h1 #aa1 cp4 ,brut4 #bjd4 ,qu9t4 says else:]e 7ix4 #d1 #ce7 t1 l ! foll[]s ( ,isocrates 9 g5]al1 he 0 unduly solicit\s ab\t avoid+ ! coalition ( v[els3 ,orat4 #aea4 ,9 ! ,brutus 7#ff7 ,cic]o1 comp>+ him ) ,phili/us & ,?ucydides1 says (ficit ,!opompus elatione atque altitud9e orationis suae4 ,8 fragm5ts are collect$ 9 ,mll]'s ,fragm4 ,hi/or4 ,graec4 i4 pp4 #bgh-ccc4 pra$ictis antea1 supra dictis4 ,?is is ! usual mean+ ( ! ^w 9 ,qu9t43 cp4 tria quae pra$iximus iii4 #f1 #hi3 vic9a pra$ictae s$ amplior virtus viii4 #c1 #hc3 ii4 #d1 #bd3 ix4 #c1 #ff3 ,vell4 ,pat4 i4 #d1 #a3 ,suet4 ,aug4 #ij3 ,pl94 ,n4 ,h4 lxxii4 #af1 #ce4 ,! ,cic]onian use appe>s only 9 #8pra$icta p]nicies' iii4 #g1 #ai 7cp4 iv4 #b1 #ih73 vii4 #a1 #cj4 opus3 #ca1 #fg1 #fi1 #gj1 #if1 #abc3 #b #ba4 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 xliv4 sollicitatus by 8 ma/] ,isocrates4 ,cic]o tells u ?is3 po/ea v]o ex cl>issima quasi rhetorum (fic9a duo prae/antes +5io1 ,!opompus et ,ephorus1 ab ,isocrate magi/ro impulsi se ad hi/oriam contul]unt 7de ,orat4 ii4 #eg74 ,phili/us1 ( ,syracuse1 born ab\t ,b4,c4 #dcj4 ,he 0 a contempor>y ( bo? ! ,dionysii1 by ! eld] ( :om he 0 exil$ & by ! y\ng] recall$4 ,he wrote a hi/ory ( ,sicily 9 two p>ts1-- 1 1 ,dion4 ad ,pomp4 p #ghj ,r 7,u4 p4 #fa74 ,cic]o says he lik$ ! latt]3 me magis de ,dionysio delectat1 ad ,q4 ,fr4 ii4 #ac1 #d4--,mll]1 ,fragm4 ,hi/4 ,gr4 i4 #ahe-aib4 m]etur qui3 see on #gb4 quamvis bonorum4 ,= ?is bra*yology cp4 #id1 & note3 ,livy ii4 #ed #g nec auctor quamvis audaci fac9ori de]at3 ibid4 #ea #g4 ,cp4 quamlibet prop]ato #c #ai4 ,introd4 p4 liv4 eximatur3 ) ex or de 9 classical ,lat91 z 9 ! phrase ex reis eximi1 aliquem de reis exim]e 7,cic47 ,= ! dat4 cp4 i4 #d1 #c ut auctores alios omn9o exem]9t num]o 7opp4 to 9 ord9em r$ig]e73 ,hor4 ,c>4 ii4 #b1 #ai ,phraat5 num]o beatorum eximit virtus4 ,! same mean+ appe>s 9 xii4 #b1 #bh quid 444 eximat nos op9ionibus vulgi4 ,9 ,tac4 ! dat4 is common 9 ! s5se ( to #8free f'3 infamiae1 morti1 ignom9iae4 #gj ,:at foll[s might be a cond5sation ( ,dion4's criticism ( ,phili/us3 1 1 4 4 p4 #dbf ,r1 ,u4 p4 #bd3 cp4 ad ,pomp4 v4 7p4 #ggi ,r7 1 3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #eg hunc 7,?ucydidem7 consecutus e/ ,syracosius ,phili/us qui1 cum ,dionysii tyranni famili>issimus esset1 otium suum consumpsit 9 hi/oria scrib5da1 maximeque ,?ucydidem e/1 sicut mihi videtur1 imitatus4 infirmior3 ,cic4 ad ,q4 ,fr4 ii4 #ac1 #d ,siculus ille 7,phili/us7 capitalis1 creb]1 acutus1 brevis1 pa5e pusillus ,?ucydides3 ,dionysius1 4 4 7p4 #dbg ,r1 ,u4 p4 #be7 444 3 ad ,pomp4 7p4 #gha ,r7 444 aliquat5us ) comp>ative1 in/ead ( ! ablative aliquanto1 j z he uses longe & multum = multo4 ,s xi4 #c1 #ig aliquat5us lib]ius4 lucidior3 74 4 l4c474 ,yet ,dionysius blames him1 ev5 m ?an ,?ucyd41 = 1 & adds t1 l ,?ucyd41 4 ,ephorus1 ( ,cumae 9 ,aeolis1 0 a contempor>y ( ,philip & ,alex&]3 fl4 cir4 ,b4,c4 #cdj4 ,he wrote a ,univ]sal ,hi/ory d[n to 8 own times4 ,l ,!opompus1 he 0 a pupil ( ,isocrates 7de ,orat4 ii4 #eg3 iii4 #cf3 ,orator #aia72 & ,dionysius m5tions him1 along ) ,!opompus1 z ! be/ example1 among hi/orians1 ( 1 j z ,isocrates 0 among rhetoricians 7de ,comp4 ,v]b4 #bc1 p4 #agc ,r74 ,plut>* 7,dion4 #cf7 blames him = 8 sophi/ical t5d5cies3 ,polybius 7v4 #cc1 #b7 praises 8 wide k4 calc>ibus4 ,brutus #bjd ut ,isocratem 9 ac]rimo +5io ,!opompi et l5issimo ,ephori dixisse traditum e/1 alt]i se calc>ia adhib]e1 alt]i fr5os3 de ,orat4 iii4 #i1 #cf quod dicebat ,isocrates1 doctor s+ul>is1 se calc>ibus 9 ,ephoro contra autem 9 ,!opompo fr5is uti sol]e3 ,hort5sius3 quid 444 aut ,phili/o brevius aut ,!opompo acrius aut ,ephoro mitius inv5iri pote/8 ,cp4 also ad ,att4 vi4 #a1 #ab3 ,qu9t1 ii4 #h1 #aa4 ,s ,suidas1 1 7s4v4 ,ephorus74 ,a simil> /ory is told ( ,plato1 tea*] ( ,ari/otle & ,x5ocrates2 & ( ,ari/otle1 :o 9 turn taught ,!ophra/us & ,calli/h5es4 ,clit>*us1 ( ,meg>a1 a contempor>y ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 :om he accompani$ on 8 exp$itions1 & ^: hi/ory he wrote1 9 twelve books1 d[n to ! battle ( ,ipsos4 ,he also wrote a hi/ory ( ! ,p]sians be=e & aft] ,x]xes4 ,cic]o alludes 7,brutus #db sq47 to 8 romantic turn3 concessum e/ rhetoribus em5tiri 9 hi/oriis1 ut aliquid dic]e poss9t argutius 7#8m racily'72 ut enim tu nunc de ,coriolano1 sic ,clit>*us1 sic ,/ratocles de ,!mi/ocle f9xit3 de ,legg4 i4 #b4 ,i3#ge ,longo po/ int]vallo temporis natus ,timag5es vel hoc e/ ipso probabilis1 quod int]missam hi/orias scrib5di indu/riam nova #ga laude rep>avit4 ,x5ophon non excidit mihi1 s$ int] philosophos r$d5dus e/4 #ge4 ,timag5es belongs to ! ,augu/an ,age4 ,he is said to h be5 a native ( ,syria1 :o came to ,rome aft] ! capture ( ,alex&ria 7,b4,c4 #ee74 ,at ,rome he f\nd$ a s*ool ( rhetoric1 & wrote a hi/ory ( ,alex&] ! ,great & 8 successors4 ,he 0 a fri5d ( ,as9ius ,pollio1 & enjoy$ ! patronage ( ,augu/us till he incurr$ 8 c5sure = hav+ spok5 too boldly ( ! memb]s ( ! ,imp]ial family3 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #ai1 #ae4 ,qu9tilian might h fill$ ! gap 7int]vallo temporis7 betwe5 ,clit>*us & ,timag5es ) su* names z ,timaeus 7de ,orat4 ii4 #eh71 ,polybius1 & ,dionysius himself4 hi/orias scrib5di3 cp4 #cd & #b #g4 ,! plural is us$ ( hi/orical works1 9 ! concrete3 ! s+4 g5]ally ( hi/ory z a mode ( composition3 #ca1 #gc1 #gd1 #aja1 #ajb2 #e #ae1--seldom z #a4 #h1 #bj cum hi/oriae cuidam tanquam vanae repugn>et4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #c1 #hi am>as porrecto iugulo hi/orias captivus ut audit3 ,c>4 ii4 #ab1 #i p$e/ribus dices hi/oriis praelia ,caes>is4 ,cic]o has ! s+4 mo/ frequ5tly3 ,brutus #bhg si hi/oriam scrib]e 444 cogitatis3 b ! pl4 occurs ib4 #db 7quot$ above74 #ga ,x5ophon #cc & #hb4 ,by ,dionysius he is treat$ z a hi/orian1 & comp>$ to ,phili/us4 ,! philosophic "* ( 8 "w is h[ev] indicat$ 9 sev]al places3 e4g4 4 4 7p4 #dbf ,r1 ,u4 p4 #bd7 1 3 ad ,cn4 ,pomp4 #d 7p4 #ggg7 1 4444 ,besides ,cic]o 7de ,orat4 ii4 #eh d5ique etiam a philosophia pr(ectus--,x5ophon--scripsit hi/oriam71 ,diog5es ,la]tius & ,dio ,*ryso/om speak ( ,x5ophon z a philosoph]1 all probably foll[+ an anci5t au?ority4 ,see ,us5]1 p4 #aag1 & cp4 ,introd4 p4 xxxiii4 int]4 ,be*] notes ?is use ( ! prep4 7 #8among a numb] ('7 z occurr+ fir/ 9 ,livy4 ,cp4 #aaf pon5dus int] praecipuos4 #gf-hj4 ,attic ,orators3-- ,i3#gf ,sequitur oratorum +5s manus1 ut cum decem simul ,a!nis #gb aetas una tul]it4 ,quorum longe pr9ceps ,demo/h5es ac pa5e lex or&i fuit3 tanta vis 9 eo1 tam d5sa omnia1 ita quibusdam n]vis int5ta sunt1 tam nihil otiosum1 is dic5di modus1 ut nec quod desit 9 eo nec quod r$undet inv5ias4 ut cum4 ,s utpote cum ,cic4 ad ,att4 v4 #h1 #a & ,as9ius ,pollio ad ,fam4 x4 #cb1 #d3 quippe cum ad ,att4 x4 #c4 ,bonn4 ,lex4 s4v4 ut 7,b ad f947 gives o!r exx4 f ,qu9tilian3 e4g4 v4 #aj1 #dd3 vi4 #a1 #ea3 #c1 #i3 ix4 i1 #ae4 decem4 ,?is is n a r\nd numb] 7,hild71 b indicates a recognis$ gr\p ( orators1 g5]ally consid]$ to h be5 canonis$ by ! critics ( ,alex&ria1 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ two c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,brzoska1 h[ev]1 9 a rec5t pap] 7,de canone decem oratorum ,atticorum quae/iones--,vratislaviae1 #ahhc7 develops ) great probability ! view ( ,a4 ,reiff]s*eid1 t ! canon orig9at$1 t[>ds ! end ( ! second c5t4 ,b4,c41 ) ! s*ool ( ,p]gamus1 :]e special att5tion 0 paid to rhetoric & gramm>1 :i* ! ,alex&rian critics neglect$ 9 fav\r ( poetry4 ,! gr\p consi/$ ( ,antiphon1 ,&ocides1 ,lysias1 ,isocrates1 ,isaeus1 ,demo/h5es1 ,aes*9es1 ,lycurgus1 ,hyp]ides1 & ,d9>*us4 ,( ^! ,qu9tilian omits "h ,antiphon1 ,&ocides1 ,isaeus1 ,lycurgus1 & ,d9>*us1 ?\gh all except ! la/-nam$ are m5tion$ 9 xii4 #aj1 #ba-bb4 ,demetrius ( ,phal]um is ?r[n 9 at ! end1 probably aft] ,cic]o 7see on #hj74 ,! e>lie/ ref]5ce to ! ,t5 ,orators z a recognis$ gr\p occurs 9 ! title ( a lo/ "w by ,caecilius ( ,calacte1-- 4 ,b ?\gh ,caecilius 0 a contempor>y ( ,dionysius at ,rome 9 ! age ( ,augu/us1 & is kn[n to h be5 intimate ) him 7p4 #ggg ,r1 ,u4 p4 #ei71 !re is no ref]5ce 9 ,dionysius's writ+s to ! canon ?us adopt$4 ,mr4 ,jebb ?9ks he may h delib]ately disreg>d$ x z n helpful = ! purpose ) :i* he wrote1 viz4 to e/abli% a /&>d ( ,greek prose by a /udy ( ! orators z repres5t+ t5d5cies 9 ! hi/orical developm5t ( ! art ( oratory 7,att4 ,or4 ,introd4 p4 #fg3 b see ,brzoska1 pp4 #bj-bb74 ,besides ?is decem 9 ,qu9tilian 7cp4 on cet]os #hj71 ! numb] t5 is aga9 recognis$ 9 ! treatise on ! ,lives ( ! ,t5 ,orators1 wrongly attribut$ to ,plut>*1 by ,proclus 7circ4 #dej ,a4,d471 & by ,suidas 7circ4 #aajj74 ,9 select+ ! five :om he treats "h1 ,qu9tilian w\ld seem to h foll[$ ,dionysius4 ,9 ! ,de ,oratoribus ,antiquis1 #d 7p4 #dea ,r71 he gives a *ronological classification 7 71 tak+ ,lysias1 ,isocrates1 & ,isa5s to repres5t ! fir/ s]ies 7 3 cp4 8 aetate ,lysias maior #gd72 & ,demo/h5es1 ,hyp]ides1 & ,aes*9es = ! next4 ,else:]e 7de ,d94 ,iud4 i4 p4 #fbi ,r7 he arrives at ! same result on ano!r pr9ciple1 ,lysias1 ,isocrates1 & ,isaeus be+ class$ z 1 :ile ! o!r ?ree 7,aes*9es n[ tak+ ! second place1 z emphatically at p4 #ajfc ,r7 appe> z 4 ,( ,demo/h5es1 ,hyp]ides1 & ,aes*9es he says3 1 de ,isaeo ,iud4 p4 #fbi ,r4 ,! briefly *>act]ises1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are nam$1 ,lysias1 ,isocrates1 ,lycurgus1 ,demo/h5es1 ,aes*9es1 & ,hyp]ides2 ,qu9tilian omits ,lycurgus1 ! p>agraph ab\t :om 9 ! 4 4 is suspect$ by ,clauss5 7p4 #ceb74 7,brzoska notes t ,qu9tilian's li/ is id5tical ) t giv5 by ,cic]o de ,orat4 iii4 #bh3 & f a comp>ison ( de ,opt4 ,g54 ,or4 #g--qui aut ,attici num]antur aut dicunt #gb ,attice--he inf]s t ! canon 0 probably kn[n also to ,cic]o47 ,we h sep>ate treatises by ,dionysius on ,lysias1 ,isocrates1 & ,isaeus 7! 71 b ^? 9 :i* he discuss$ ,demo/h5es1 ,hyp]ides1 & ,aes*9es 7! 71 are no long] extant4 ,in/ead we h ! fir/ "p ( a long] "w on ,demo/h5es 7 pp4 #iec-aabi ,r71 & a bibliographical acc\nt ( ,d9>*us4 ,antiphon he only alludes to briefly 7de ,isaeo1 #bj71 9 company ) ,?rasyma*us1 ,polycrates1 & ,critias3 cp4 ,qu9t1 iii4 #a1 #aa4 ,a!nis4 ,dionysius gr\ps ! orators ( :om he treats "u ! title 7p4 #geh ,r1 74 ,ammon 7pp4 #ha-hb7 po9ts out t ,demetrius ,magnes us$ ! same appellation 7,dion4 de ,d94 i4 p4 #fca ,r71 & fur!r sugge/s t ! ,attic canon is already indicat$ 9 ,cic]o de ,opt4 ,g54 ,or4 #ac ex quo intellegitur quoniam ,graecorum oratorum prae/antissimi s9t ii qui fu]unt ,a!nis1 eorum autem pr9ceps facile ,demo/h5es1 hunc si qui imitetur eum et attice dicturum et optime1 ut quoniam attici propositi sunt ad imit&um b5e dic]e id sit attice dic]e4 aetas una1 us$ "h 9 a wide s5se 7z is %[n by aetate 444 maior1 bel[74 ,! p]iod ref]r$ to ext5ds f ! latt] "p ( ! #e? to ! latt] "p ( ! #d? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,s ,cic]o1 ,brut4 #cf haec enim aetas effudit hanc copiam3 :]e he gives a place among ! o!rs to ,demades4 longe pr9ceps3 ,dion4 de ,?ucyd4 ,iud4 #ee1 p4 #iej ,r1 3 cp4 de vi ,demo/h4 #cc1 p4 #ajeh ,r sq4 vis1 4 ,dion4 de ,?ucyd4 ,iud4 #ec1 p4 #idd ,r 7( ,demo/h5es73 cp4 p4 #hfe 3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #bh vim ,demo/h5es habuit4 ,= ! place ( vis 9 oratory cp4 ,orat4 #fi1 & de ,orat4 ii4 #abh-i4 d5sa3 #fh1 #gc1 #ajf4 ,s pressus3 ,introd4 p4 xliii4 ,! ,greek equival5t is 1 4 ,dionysius attributes 8 brevity & concis5ess1 z well z 8 en]gy & p[] ( r\s+ ! emotions1 to ! influ5ce ( ,?ucydides4 quibusdam1 ins]t$ on acc\nt ( ! metaphor1 z (t5 9 ,cic]o1 e4g4 de ,orat4 i4 #i procreatricem qu&am et quasi p>5tem3 ,brut4 #df eloqu5tia e/ b5e con/itutae civitatis quasi alumna qua$am3 & con/antly 9 translat+ ,greek words & phrases 7cp4 ,reid on ,acad4 i4 #e1 #bj & #bd74 ,= n]vis int5ta cp4 1 4 4 p4 #dcc ,r3 also ix4 #d1 #i1 & note on #a #fj4 tam nihil otiosum1 i4e4 ev]y?+ is s mu* to ! po9t4 ,cp4 i4 #a1 #ce otiosas s5t5tias1 ( copy-book head+s t h no po9t3 viii4 #c1 #hi 444 cuius propria sit virtus non esse quae dicuntur otiosa3 ibid4 #d1 #af3 ii4 #e1 #g3 ,s54 ,epi/4 #ajj1 #aa exibunt multa nec f]i5t et int]dum otiosa praet]labetur oratio4 ,9 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ah & #bb ! mean+ is #8spiritless1' #8we>isome' 7cp4 l5titudo & tepor #ba74 ,9 ,qu9tilian !re is also ! idea ( #8sup]flu\s1' #8unpr(itable'3 i1 #ab1 #ah otiosis s]monibus1 useless gossip3 ii4 #aj1 #h3 viii4 #c1 #ee quoti5s otiosum fu]it et sup]]it3 ix4 #d1 #eh adic]e dum non otiosa et detrah]e dum non necess>ia4 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 xlv4 is dic5di modus3 ,cic4 ,orat4 #bc hoc nec gravior ex/itit quisquam nec callidior nec temp]atior4 quod desit3 a rem9isc5ce ( ,cic4 ,brut4 #ce nam plane quidem p]fectum et cui nihil admodum desit ,demo/h5em facile dix]is4 ,qu9tilian qualifies 8 eulogy 9 comp>+ him ) ,cic]o #ajg bel[3 cp4 xii4 #ab1 #bf1 & ,cic4 ,orat4 #ij & #ajd4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#gg ,pl5ior ,aes*9es et magis fusus et gr&iori similis1 quo #gc m9us /rictus e/2 c>nis tam5 plus habet1 m9us lac]torum4 ,dulcis 9 primis et acutus ,hyp]ides1 s$ m9oribus causis-- #gd ut non dix]im utilior-- magis p>4 #gg4 ,pl5ior 444 magis fusus3 oppos$ to tam d5sa omnia1 above4 ,aes*9es _h n ! t]s5ess & int5sity ( ,demo/h5es1 b 0 n )\t a c]ta9 flu5t vehem5ce ( 8 own4 ,cic]o m5tions levitas & spl5dor v]borum z *>act]i/ics ( ,aes*9es1 #gc ,orat4 #aaj2 & ,dionysius1 4 4 p4 #dcd ,r1 has 1 444 444 3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #abh sonitum ,aes*9es habuit4 ,= a comp>ison betwe5 ! two great rivals v4 ,jebb's ,alt4 ,or4 ii4 #cic sq4 ,see also ,cic]o's de ,optim4 ,g54 ,orat41 :i* 0 writt5 z a preface to 8 translation ( ,aes*9es's spee* aga9/ ,ctesiphon & ,demo/h5es on ! ,cr[n4 gr&iori is c]ta9ly n neut] 7sc4 g5]i dic5di7 z ,krg] 7#bnd edition71 :o comp>es ! plural maioribus #fc 7:]e h[ev] we h aptior1 n similior71 & ii4 #aa1 #b1 :i* is q diff]5t3 moreov] ,qu9tilian nev] uses gr&ius by itself to designate ! m sublime /yle1 & ) su* an expression z #8gr&iori g5]i dic5di' he w\ld h employ$ magis acc$it 7#fh7 or propior e/ 7#gh7 r ?an similis4 ,if ! text is all[$ to /& gr&iori mu/ be masc4 7j l /rictus7 & be us$ 9 a good s5se3 e4g4 ,cic4 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,or4 #i imitemur ,lysiam1 et eius quidem t5uitatem potissimum3 e/ enim multis 9 locis gr&ior3 ,brut4 #bjc fuit ,sulpicius 444 gr&is et ut ita dicam tragicus orator3 ,orat4 #aai quo gr&ior sit et quodam modo excelsior4 ,similis gets ! =ce ( a comp>ative f magis prec$+1 & m9us foll[+ x 7cp4 #ic t]sus atque elegans maxime3 xii4 #f1 #f a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa7 s t we may r5d] #8he has an appe>ance ( great] elevation 9 proportion z 8 /yle is less compress$4' ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 m9us /rictus remissior1 cp4 above4 ,in/ead ( be+ n]vis int5ta 77 8 /yle 0 *>act]is$ z 7#8headlong'7 by ! critics4 c>nis 444 lac]torum4 ,! /yle ( ,aes*9es is defici5t 9 compact =ce3 x is (t5 ov]*>g$ & r$undant 7cp4 & above74 ,s also ,dem4 ,or4 #ai 7( ,aes*9es7 #acc 3 #bee 4 ,= lac]ti cp4 ,brut4 #fd 9 ,lysia saepe sunt etiam lac]ti sic ut fi]i nihil possit val5tius4 ,hyp]ides1 "o ( ! lead+ orators ( ! patriotic p>ty1 0 put to dea? by ord] ( ,antipat]1 ,b4,c4 #cbb1 j sev5 days be=e ! dea? ( ,demo/h5es1 ) :om he _h g5]ally act$1 ?\gh diff]5ces arose betwe5 !m 9 lat] life4 ,dulcis3 #gc4 ,s ,dion4 4 4 p4 #dce ,r 3 cp4 de ,d94 ,iud4 #h1 p4 #fde ,r1 :]e he says t ! imitators ( ,hyp]ides1 by fail+ to reproduce 8 exquisite *>m1 z well z 8 =ce1 became dry & r\gh 9 /yle3 4 acutus4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #bh acum5 ,hyp]ides 444 habuit3 ,orat4 #aaj nihil argutiis et acum9e ,hyp]idi 7c$it ,demo/h5es74 ,acum5 7#ajf1 #aad7 is ! quality requir$ = ! t5ue g5us :i* aims at in/ruct+ 7,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #abi3 ,qu9t1 xii4 #aj1 #ei73 x appeals ma9ly to ! intellect4 ,"h !re=e acutus means #8po9t$1' #8direct'3 cp4 xii4 #aj1 #ci1 ,orat4 #bj1 #hd1 #ih1 :]e x is us$ ( /yle4 ,subtilis & acutus sometimes g toge!r z *>act]i/ics ( ! pla9 /yle3 s 9 #e #b subtilitas is ascrib$ to ,hyp]ides4 ,on ! o!r h& acutus is us$ 7#hd bel[7 expressly ( p[] ( ?\ght z oppos$ to p[] ( expression3 cp4 too #hc inv5tionem acum9e oppos$ to eloqu5di suavitate1 & #ha acum9e diss]5di 444 eloqu5di facultate4 ,s x may be t ,qu9tilian uses acutus "h to repres5t ,dionysius3 444 7p4 #dcd ,r74 m9oribus causis4 ,cp4 ) ?is ! criticisms ( ,long9us1 ,h]mog5es1 & o!rs 9 ,blass's preface to ! ,teubn] text4 ,! au?or ( says3--8,he kn[s :5 x is prop] to speak ) simplicity1 & does n1 l ,demo/h5es1 cont9ue ! same key ?r\gh\t10 #cd1 & bel[3 8,nev]!less all ! beauties ( ,hyp]ides1 h[ev] num]\s1 _c make him sublime4 ,he nev] exhibits /rong feel+1 has little en]gy1 r\ses no emotion0 7,havell74 ,8 /yle is 8t ( a new] s*ool ?an ,demo/h5es--( ! s*ool ( ,m5&] & ! ,new ,com$y1 to :om long p]iods & elaborate /ructure seem$ t$i\s1 & :o affect$ %ort & t]se /atem5t1 cle> & epigrammatic po9ts1 sm>t raill]y1 & an easy & c>eless tone ev5 9 s]i\s debate4 ,h5ce ! critics1 su* z ,qu9tilian1 ?9k him m suit$ to slight subjects40 ,mahaffy1 ii4 p4 #cgg4 ,dionysius says 3 he hits 8 m>k neatly1 b #gd seldom l5ds gr&eur to 8 !me by amplification4 ,8 ,fun]al ,oration is an exception3 "h he has #8?or\ghly caught f ,isocrates ! tone ( elevat$ panegyric' 7,jebb74 ,8 reputation z a wit & an easy-go+ memb] ( society may h help$ to produce on casual /ud5ts ! impression ,qu9tilian wi%es to convey3 #8unque/ionably "o great secret ( 8 success z a speak]1' says ,mr4 ,jebb1 #80 8 art ( mak+ a lively ,a!nian audi5ce feel t "h 0 no au/]e /ud5t ( ,?ucydides1 b "o :o 0 9 bright sympa?y ) ! ev]yday life ( ! "t4' ,= 8 wit cp4 ,cic4 ,orat4 #ij & ,s&ys' note4 ,dionysius's judgm5t is giv5 at l5g? 9 ,jebb's ,attic ,orators1 ii4 p4 #chc sq4 ut non dix]im ne dicam4 ,cp4 #b #ae1 & note4 ,tacitus makes a simil> use ( ! pot5tial p]fect 9 second>y clauses4--,= utilior ,maehly ne$lessly conjectures futilibus4 ,i3#gh ,8 aetate ,lysias maior1 subtilis atque elegans et quo nihil1 si oratori satis sit doc]e1 qua]as p]fectius2 nihil enim e/ inane1 nihil arcessitum1 puro #ge tam5 fonti quam magno flum9i propior4 #gh4 aetate maior4 ,! date ( 8 bir? has be5 v>i\sly fix$ at ,b4,c4 #dei & ,b4,c4 #dcf3 see ,s&ys1 ,introd4 to ,orator1 p4 xiii1 & note2 ,wilk9s1 de ,orat4 i4 7#bnd ed471 p4 #cc4 ,jebb gives ! approximate date ( 8 extant "w z #djc-chj ,b4,c4 subtilis atque elegans4 ,cic4 ,orat4 #cj subtilem et elegantem3 ,brut4 #ce egregie subtilis scriptor et elegans1 quem iam prope audeas oratorem p]fectum dic]e3 ibid4 #fd3 de ,orat4 iii4 #bh subtilitatem 444 ,lysias habuit3 ,orat4 #aaj nihil ,lysiae subtilitate 7c$it ,demo/h5es74 ,x is ! #8pla9 elegance' ( ,lysias1 8 arti/ic & graceful pla9ness1 t ,qu9tilian is comm5d+3 cp4 ix4 #d1 #ag nam neque illud 9 ,lysia dic5di textum t5ue atque rasum laetioribus num]is corrump5dum erat3 p]didisset enim gratiam1 quae 9 eo maxima e/1 simplicis atque inaffectati coloris1 p]didisset fidem quoque4--,subtilitas & elegantia g toge!r #b #ai4 subtilis4 ,orig9ally #8suit$ = weav+' 799 sub-telis f tela--,:>ton74 ,f ?is ! ^w came to be us$ metaphorically3--7#a7 #8graceful1' #8ref9$1' #8delicate'3 subtilitas pronunti&i1 de ,orat4 iii4 #db1 #8graceful ref9em5t ( utt]ance'3 7#b7 #8precise1' #8accurate1' common 9 ,cic]o to repres5t 3 cp4 praeceptor ac] atque subtilis1 ,qu9tilian i4 #d1 #be3 7#c7 #8pla91' #8unadorn$'3 especially subtile g5us dic5di 7xii4 #aj1 #eh7 1 ! #8pla9' /yle ( rhetorical composition1 :i*1 ) a c>eful concealm5t ( art1 imitat$ ! language ( ord9>y life1 unlike ! #8gr&' /yle1 :i* 0 m artificial1 seek+ by ! use ( ornam5t to rise above ! common idiom4 ,! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is us$ "h is ma9ly 7#c73 x repres5ts :at ,dionysius says 4 4 p4 #dcb ,r1 7,u4 p4 #bh7 4 ,b !re is a ref]5ce also to 7#a71 help$ out by ! addition ( elegans1 #8*oice1' #8ta/eful4' ,! /yle ( ,lysias 0 pla91 b n )\t ,attic ref9em5t4 doc]e4 ,s ,dion41 9 eulogis+ him = 1 says 7de ,lysia #ae1 p4 #dhf ,r71 4 ,he c\ld make ! mo/ ( 8 case3 p]suasiv5ess 77 is m5tion$ 7ibid4 #ac7 z "o ( 8 lead+ *>act]i/ics4 #8,8 /atem5ts ( facts1' says ,mr4 ,jebb 7ii4 #ahb71 #8are di/+ui%$ by concis5ess1 cle>ness1 & *>m1 & by a p[] ( produc+ conviction )\t app>5t ef=t to conv9ce'3 cp4 ,dion4 de ,lysia #ah1 p4 #dib ,r 444 1 3 & bel[1 444 4 ,b t ?is is n ! :ole (fice ( ! orator ,qu9tilian himself decl>es iv4 #e1 #f non enim solum oratoris e/ doc]e1 s$ plus eloqu5tia circa mov5dum valet4 ,cp4 iii4 #e1 #b3 ,brut4 #aje3 de ,orat4 ii4 #abh4 ,9 reg>d to ?is1 ,lysias is comp>atively weak3 #8he _c height5 ! =ce ( a plea1 repres5t a wrong1 or invoke compassion1 ) suffici5t _s & int5sity1' ,jebb3 9 ! words ( ,dion4 7#ai1 p4 #dif ,r71 3 he und]/&s 4 ,cp4 #ac ad f94 nihil 444 inane3 cp4 ,orator #bi dum intellegamus hoc esse ,atticum 9 ,lysia1 non quod t5uis sit atque inornatus s$ quod nihil habeat insol5s aut ineptum4 #ge nihil arcessitum3 ,cp4 ,dion4 de ,lysia #ac ad f94 p4 #dhc ,r 1 4 ,cp4 #h1 p4 #dfh 4 ,s 4 4 --,krg]#c sugge/s nihil enim ine/ inane4 ,= ! ord] see ,introd4 p4 liii4 magno flum9i3 cp4 ,cic]o1 ,orator #cj nam qui ,lysiam sequuntur causidicum quemdam sequuntur1 non illum quidem amplum atque gr&em1 subtilem et elegantem tam5 et qui 9 =5sibus causis possit praecl>e consi/]e4 ,cp4 ,dion4 #ac1 p4 #dhb1 :]e he says t1 besides pa?os1 ,lysias wants also gr&eur & _s3 1 444 4 ,cic]o says he %[s elevation at times1 ?\gh gr&eur 0 seldom possible 9 ! treatm5t ( ! subjects he *ose4 ,cp4 ! :ole passage1 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,oratorum #i ,imitemur si potu]imus1 ,lysiam1 et eius quidem t5uitatem potissimum4 ,e/ enim multis locis gr&ior2 s$ quia et privatas ille pl]asque et eas ipsas aliis et p>v>um r]um causulas scripsit videtur esse ieiunior1 cum se ipse consulto ad m9ut>um g5]a caus>um limav]it4 ,he !re=e pref]s ,demo/h5es z a model on acc\nt ( 8 p[]3 ib4 #aj ita fit ut ,demo/h5es c]te possit summisse dic]e1 elate ,lysias =tasse non possit4 ,lysias 0 ! fav\rite model ( ^? :o at ,rome1 9 ,cic]o's "t1 s\ght to br+ ab\t ! revival ( ,atticism4 ,! unaffect$ simplicity ( 8 diction1 8 purity1 lucidity1 & naturalness amply entitl$ him to ?is di/9ction4 ,dionysius' criticism is mo/ appreciative3 he praises ! /yle ( ,lysias #8n only = its purity ( diction1 its mod]ation 9 metaphor1 its p]spicuity1 its concis5ess1 its t]s5ess1 its vividness1 its tru? to "*1 its p]fect appropriat5ess1 & its w9n+ p]suasiv5ess2 b also = a nameless & indef9able *>m1 :i* he comp>es to ! bloom ( a beautiful face1 to ! h>mony ( musical tones1 or to p]fect rhy?m 9 ! m>k+ ( "t'--v4 de ,lysia xi1 xii43 ,s&ys1 ,introd4 to ,orator1 p4 xvi4 ,i3#gi ,isocrates 9 div]so g5]e dic5di nitidus et comptus et palae/rae quam pugnae #gf magis accommodatus omnes dic5di v5]es sectatus e/1 nec imm]ito3 auditoriis enim se1 non iudiciis comp>>at3 9 inv5tione facilis1 hone/i /udiosus1 9 compositione adeo dilig5s #gg ut cura eius repreh5datur4 #gi4 ,isocrates1 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all ! anci5t tea*]s ( rhetoric1 & call$ ! fa!r ( eloqu5ce 7ille pat] eloqu5tiae1 de ,orat4 ii4 #aj7 f ! numb] ( orators produc$ by 8 s*ool4 ,8 home is describ$ z be+ a s*ool ( eloqu5ce & manufactory ( rhetoric = ! :ole ( ,greece1 f :i*1 z f ! ,trojan horse1 !re came =? h]oes only3 ,brut4 #cb ,isocrates1 cuius domus cunctae ,graeciae quasi ludus quidam patuit atque (fic9a dic5di3 de ,orat4 ii4 #id cuius e ludo tamquam ex equo ,troiano m]i pr9cipes exi]unt3 ,orat4 #dj domus eius (fic9a habita eloqu5tiae e/4 ,he is said to h di$ ( volunt>y />vation %ortly aft] ! battle ( ,*a]onea 7#cch ,b4,c47 at ! advanc$ age ( #ig4 ,! /ory ( 8 dea? is exam9$ by ,jebb1 ii4 #ca4 9 div]so g5]e dic5di4 ,! pupil ( ,gorgias1 accord+ to ,ari/otle 7v4 ,qu9t1 iii4 #a1 #ac71 ,isocrates work$ out 8 ma/]'s !ory ( elaborately ornate & rhy?mical /yle ( composition4 ,8 is n ! subtile g5us ( :i* ,lysias is ! be/ repres5tative3 suavitas 7#8smoo?ness'7 r ?an subtilitas 7#8pla9ness'7 is 8 *ief *>act]i/ic 7de ,orat4 iii4 #bh74 ,he c>efully cultivat$ ! p]iod1 to :i* he gave a l>ge & luxuriant expansion3 ,or4 #dj primus in/ituit dilat>e v]bis et mollioribus num]is expl]e s5t5tias3 ,dion4 de ,isocr4 #ac1 p4 #efa ,r 1 4 ,9 comp>+ him ) ,lysias 7de ,isocr4 ii4-iii471 ,dion4 notes t 8 /yle is less t]se & compact1 & *>act]is$ by a k9d ( opul5t diffus5ess 7 71 z well z by a m free use ( metaphor & o!r tropes4 nitidus3 its opposite is sordidus 7viii4 #c1 #di73 cp4 ,brut4 #bch non valde nit5s s$ plane horrida oratio4 ,s nitidum et laetum 7g5us v]borum7 de ,orat4 i4 #ha3 :]e ,wilk9s says ! ^w is us$ #8especially ( ?+s :i* are bright1 because ( ! pa9s be/[$ on !m1' & cps4 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #d1 #ae #8nitidum b5e curata cute vises4' ,!re is ! same opposition betwe5 niddus & horridus ,orat4 #cf3 squalidus1 ibid4 #aae3 cp4 de ,orat4 iii #ea ita de horridis rebus nitida 444 e/ oratio tua3 de ,legg4 i4 #b1 #f 7( ,caelius ,antipat]7 habuitque vires agre/es ille quidem atque horridas1 s9e nitore et #gf palae/ra3 ,brut4 #bch 7( ,c4 ,mac]7 non valde nit5s1 non plane horrida oratio4 comptus--1 ,dion4 4 43 cp4 viii4 #c1 #db non quia comi expolirique non debeat 7oratio74 ,) nitidus et comptus cp4 ,cic]o's /atem5t t he _h lavi%$ on a ,greek v]sion ( ! /ory ( 8 consul%ip1 #8all ! fragrant ess5ces ( ,isocrates & all ! little p]fume-boxes ( 8 pupils'3 totum ,isocrati atque omnes eius discipulorum arculas1 ad ,att4 ii4 #a1 #a4 palae/rae quam pugnae3 ,cp4 ,orat4 #db ( epideictic oratory 7dulce 444 orationis g5us7 pompae quam pugnae aptius gymnasiis et palae/rae dicatum1 spretum et pulsum =o3 de ,orat4 i4 #ha nitidum quoddam g5us e/ v]borum et laetum et palae/rae magis et olei quam huius civilis turbae ac =i4 ,s ( ,demetrius non tam armis in/itutus quam palae/rae1 ,brut4 #cg4 ,= ! mean+ cp4 ibid4 #cb =5si luce c>uit intraque p>ietes aluit eam gloriam4 ,isocrates _h n ! vigor\s compression ( /yle necess>y = real conte/s1 444 444 ,dion4 4 41 p4 #dcb ,r3 ,pseudo-,plut4 ,vit4 ,x ,or4 p4 #hde 77 77 1 4 ,= ! figure involv$ 9 pugnae 77 cp4 #bi1 #ca3 #c1 #c3 #e1 #ag4 ,cic]o says ! pupils ( ,isocrates 7 great alike on p>ade & 9 actual combat3 eorum p>tim 9 pompa p>tim 9 acie illu/res esse volu]unt1 de ,orat4 #id4 ,see ,jebb1 ii4 #gj-ga4 v5]es3 9 ?is s5se only 9 poetry & po/-,augu/an prose1 & g5]ally 9 ! s+ul>4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,ars ,poet4 #cbj ,fabula nullius v5]is s9e pond]e et arte4 ,cp4 #ajj illam solis concessam ,atticis v5]em3 vi4 #c1 #ah v5u/um esse quod cum gratia quadam et v5]e dicatur app>et3 iv4 #b1 #aaf n>rationem 444 omni qua pote/ gratia et v5]e exorn&am puto3 ,s5eca1 de ,b5ef4 ii4 #bh1 #b habuit suam v5]em3 ,pl94 #ce1 #aj1 #cf #gi 7( pa9t+s7 deesse iis unam illam suam v5]em dicebat quam ,graeci *>ita vocant4 sectatus e/3 cp4 ,dion4 de ,isocr4 #b1 p4 #ech ,r 1 4 ,!re is a c]ta9 elaborate affectation ab\t ,isocrates3 :at 9 ,lysias is ! gift ( nature he attempts to ga9 by ! aid ( art1-- 1 ibid4 p4 #eda4 ,= ! :ole passage cp4 ,orat4 #ch ,9 ,pana!naico autem 7#a1 #b7 ,isocrates ea se /udiose consectatum fatetur2 non enim ad iudiciorum c]tam5 s$ ad voluptatem aurium scrips]at4 nec imm]ito3 see on #bg4 auditoriis 444 non iudiciis3 cp4 #cf3 ,dion1 de ,isocr4 #b1 p4 #eci ,r 1 ,ari/otle1 ,rhet4 i4 a #i 7p4 #acfh a7 4 ,isocrates himself tells u t x 0 8 weakness ( utt]ance & timidity ( disposition t preclud$ him f public appe>ances3 ,pana?4 #aj 1 1 4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,rep4 iii4 #cj1 #db duas sibi res quom9us 9 volgus et 9 =o dic]et confid5tiam et vocem defuisse3 ,pl94 ,ep4 vi4 #bi1 #f infirmitate vocis1 mollitie frontis1 ne 9 publico dic]et imp$iebatur4 ,moreov] he laid claim to be+ a tea*] ( morality2 & look+ on rhetoric z ! highe/ & mo/ important bran* ( education1 he spoke ) contempt ( ^? :o wrote = ! law-c\rts1 & ) :om victory 0 ! only object3 ,jebb1 ii4 p4 #g & p4 #dc3 ,isocr4 ,panegyr4 #aa ) ,s&ys' note4 inv5tione3 "h ,dionysius says he is 9 no way inf]ior to ,lysias3 7sc4 ,lysiae7 ,iud4 de ,isocr4 #d1 p4 #deb ,r4 hone/i /udiosus4 ,?is may ref] to ! diction ( ,isocrates3 cp4 ,dion4 ,iud4 #b1 p4 #ech ,r1 :]e 8 is said to be 3 & aga9 de ,dem4 p4 #ifc4 ,cp4 ix4 #d1 #adf-g1 on :i* ,be*] ma9ly relies = 8 proposal 7support$ by ,hirt4 ,b]l4 ,jahr4 xiv4 #ahhh1 p4 #ei7 to take #8hone/i /udiosus 9 compositione' toge!r3 compositio debet esse #gg hone/a1 iucunda1 v>ia 444 cura ita magna ut s5ti5di atque eloqu5di prior sit3 s viii4 #c1 #af4 ,b two consid]ations seem to prove ! correctness ( ! traditional int]pretation & punctuation3 7#a7 ! ascription ( hone/um 79 an e?ical s5se7 to ,isocrates is peculi>ly appropriate1 & ! ^w is con/antly us$ 9 ?is s5se by ,qu9tilian 7see ,bonn4 ,lex4 s4v4 ii 73 & 7#b7 dilig5s c\ld h>dly /& alone1 divorc$ f 9 compositione3 & moreov] a simil> expression 79 compositione adeo dilig5s1 c47 is us$ by ,dionysius1 444 7de ,isocr4 ,iud4 #aa1 p4 #eeg ,r73 cp4 p4 #ech4 ,!re is a simil> criticism at #aah 9 cura v]borum nimius et compositione nonnumquam longior4 ,z to 7#a7 cp4 ,jebb1 ii4 pp4 #dd-e4 ,! high moral tone ( ,isocrates is se5 bo? 9 8 *oice ( noble !mes & 9 ! c>e ) :i* he ev] keeps ! high] aspects ( 8 subject 9 view4 ,dion4 ,iud4 #d1 p4 #edc ,r 1 444 4 7#b7 ,?\gh ,be*] po9ts to ! *iasmus obta9$ by punctuat+ #89 inv5tione facilis1 hone/i /udiosus 9 compositione' 7cp4 #ig3 ,bonn4 ,lex4 pr4 lxviii7 ! rhy?m ( ! s5t5ce tells ! o!r way2 & to 8 objection t ! e?ical po9t ( view does n belong to ! hi/ory ( lit]ature 7especially :5 ins]t$ betwe5 two su* words z inv5tio & compositio7 we c only answ] t ,qu9tilian is n an arti/ 9 /yle1 & t ! e?ical tone ( ,isocrates is too *>act]i/ic to h be5 ov]look$4 ,!re is no ne$ = ,maehly's conjecture #8dispon5di /udiosus'3 nor = ,eussn]'s proposal to inv]t ! clauses & read 444 #8comp>>at1 hone/i /udiosus3 9 inv5tione facilis1 9 comp4 a4 d4' c43 on ! gr\nd t hone/i /udiosus ref]s to ! ( ,isocrates1 :i* is regulat$ by hone/um1 z ! is by utile1 & ! by iu/um4 compositione3 #dd1 #ff2 ix4 #d1 #aaf3 quem 9 poemate locum habet v]sificatio eam 9 oratione compositio3 ad ,h]4 iv4 #ab1 #ah compositio e/ v]borum con/ructio quae facit omnes p>tes orationis aequabilit] p]politas3 4 4 p4 #dcc ,r1 7,u4 p4 #bh7 4 #8,isocrates 0 ! e>lie/ great arti/ 9 ! rhy?m prop] to prose1' ,jebb1 ii4 pp4 #fj-a4 ,cic]o1 ,brutus #cb primus intellexit etiam 9 soluta oratione1 dum v]sum effug]es1 modum tam5 et num]um qu5dam oport]e s]v>i3 ,orat4 #agd4 cura 444 repreh5datur4 ,?is ref]s especially to 8 /udi$ avoidance ( hiatus3 cp4 ix4 #d1 #ce nimiosque non imm]ito 9 hac cura putant omnes ,isocratem secutos1 praecipueque ,!opompum4 ,s ,orat4 #aea 9 quo quidam ,!opompum etiam repreh5dunt 444 etsi idem magi/] eius ,isocrates--7) ,s&ys' note74 ,dionysius 7de ,isocr4 #b7 contra/s 9 g5]al t]ms 8 7compositio7 ) t ( ,lysias1 not+ especially ! po9t "h allud$ to3 p4 #eeh ,r 1 & de ,dem4 #d1 pp4 #ifc-d ,r4 ,plut>*1 de gloria ,a!n4 p4 #cej ,e 7,isocr47 2 ,jebb1 ii1 pp4 #ff-g4 ,) su* excessive solicitude we c und]/& h[ ,isocrates %\ld h tak5 t5 ye>s to write ! ,panegyricus 7#d #d74 ,! judgm5ts ( ,cic]o & ,dionysius w be f\nd conv5i5tly summ>is$ 9 ,s&ys' ,introd4 to ,orator1 pp4 xx-xxii4 ,i3#hj ,neque ego 9 8 de quibus sum locutus has solas virtutes1 s$ has praecipuas puto1 nec cet]os p>um fuisse magnos4 ,qu9 etiam ,phal]ea illum ,demetrium1 #gh quamquam is primum incl9asse eloqu5tiam dicitur1 multum +5ii habuisse et facundiae fateor1 vel ob hoc memoria dignum1 quod ultimus e/ f]e ex ,atticis qui dici possit orator2 quem tam5 9 illo m$io g5]e dic5di praef]t omnibus ,cic]o4 #hj4 cet]os3 cp4 on decem #gf4 ,! use ( ! ^w involves a ref]5ce to a recognis$ gr\p1 f :i* he has omitt$ ,antiphon1 ,&ocides1 ,isaeus1 ,lycurgus1 & ,d9>*us4 ,s ,dion4 p4 #dea ,r1 aft] m5tion+ ,lysias1 ,isocrates1 ,isaeus1 ,demo/h5es1 ,hyp]ides1 ,aes*9es1 says 4 ,demetrius is evid5tly an addition by ,qu9tilian himself1 z is %[n by ! use ( qu9 etiam4 #gh ,demetrius1 ( ,phal]um1 gov]n$ ,a!ns1 "u ,cass&]1 f #cag ,b4,c4 till he 0 ov]?r[n by ,demetrius ,poliorcetes 9 #cjg4 ,he fl$ to ,!bes & !nce to ,egypt1 :]e he di$ 9 #bhc1 aft] assi/+ ,ptolemy to draw up laws & f\nd 8 fam\s libr>y4 ,9 cit+ him aft] ! ,attic orators1 ,qu9tilian seems to foll[ ,cic]o1 ,brut4 #cg ,phal]eus 444 successit eis s5ibus adulesc5s1 c4 ,! same ord] 7,phal]eus be=e ,demetrius7 occurs 9 ,cic]o1 de ,legg4 iii4 #ad3 de ,orat4 ii4 #ie3 de ,rep4 ii4 #b3 ,brut4 #bhe4--;,= illum see on #ag4 incl9asse3 ,brut4 #ch 7:]e primus has be5 us$ 7,halm7 z an argum5t aga9/ primum 9 ! text1 ?\gh ,qu9tilian is only quot+ f memory1 z (t51 cp4 #id73 hic primus inflexit orationem et eam mollem t5]amque r$didit et suavis1 sicut fuit1 maluit esse quam gravis4 ,he impair$ ! /r5g? ( ,attic oratory1 depriv+ x ( :at ,cic]o calls its #8sap & fre% vig\r' 7sucus ille et sanguis incorruptus71 & sub/itut+ an #8artificial gloss' 7fucatus nitor73 process]at enim 9 solem et pulv]em1 non ut e milit>i tab]naculo1 s$ ut e ,!ophra/i doctissimi hom9is umbraculis4 ibid4 #cg4 ,( all ! orators :o fl\ri%$ aft] ,demo/h5es 7:5 alia qua$am molliora ac remissiora g5]a vigu]unt7 he 0 ! mo/ poli%$3 de ,orat4 ii4 #ie4 ,he 0 m florid ?an ,hyp]ides & ,lysias1 ,brut4 #bhe4 ,9 ! ,orator1 #ia-b1 ,cic]o says t 8 diction has a smoo? & tranquil fl[1 & is also #8lit up by ! />s ( metaphor & metonymy'3 oratio cum s$ate placideque labitur1 tum illu/rant eam quasi /ellae qua$am tralata v]ba atque immutata4 ,cp4 de ,(f4 i4 #c disputator subtilis1 orator p>um vehem5s1 dulcis tam51 ut ,!ophra/i discipulum possis agnosc]e4 multum +5ii 444 et facundiae3 ,diog4 ,la]t4 v4 #hb 1 4 ultimus 444 ex ,atticis3 ,brut4 #bhe mihi quidem ex illius orationibus r$ol]e ipsae ,a!nae vid5tur4 m$io g5]e dic5di3 ! #8middle' /yle3 see on #dd4 ,9 xii4 #aj1 #ei he says ( ?is /yle #8ea f]e e/ ratio ut 444 delect&i sive concili&i prae/>e videatur (ficium'3 ) :i* cp4 ,cic]o ( ,demetrius1 delectabat magis ,a!ni5ses quam inflammabat4--,( ! middle /yle g5]ally ,cic]o says 7,orator1 #ba7 e/ autem quidam int]iectus int] hos m$ius et quasi temp]atus nec acum9e po/]iorum nec flum9e ut5s sup]iorum1 vic9us amborum1 9 neutro excell5s1 utriusque p>ticeps1 vel utriusque1 si v]um qua]imus1 potius exp]s2 isque uno t5ore1 ut aiunt1 9 dic5do fluit nihil adf]5s praet] facilitatem et aequabilitatem1 aut addit aliquos ut 9 corona toros 7#8rais$ ornam5ts' or #8knots'7 omnemque orationem ornam5tis modicis v]borum s5t5ti>umque di/+uit4 praef]t omnibus ,cic]o3 de ,orat4 ii4 #ie omnium i/orum mea s5t5tia politissimus3 ,orat4 #ib 9 qua 7sc4 m$ia orationis =ma7 multi floru]unt apud ,graecos1 s$ ,phal]eus ,demetrius meo iudicio prae/itit cet]is4--,= quem tam5 see ,crit4 ,notes4 #ha-hd4 ,greek ,philosoph]s3-- ,9 ?is p>agraph !re is a correspond5ce betwe5 ! criticisms ( ,qu9tilian & ^? ( ,cic]o & ,dionysius4 ,9 ! 4 4 7*4 #d1 ,u4 pp4 #bf-g7 ! latt] recomm5ds ! /udy ( ! ,py?agorean philosoph]s 7 71 hold+ up ,x5ophon & ,plato z ! be/ models1 & eulogis+ also ,ari/otle & 8 foll[]s3 444 444 444 4 ,qu9tilian's selection ( ,!ophra/us is probably motiv$ by ! passage 9 ,cic]o1 ,orat4 #b 7already quot$ by him 9 #cc73 philosophi quidam ornate locuti sunt1 siquidem et ,!ophra/us div9itate loqu5di nom5 inv5it et ,ari/oteles ,isocratem ipsum lacessivit #gi et ,x5ophontis voce ,musas quasi locutas f]unt et longe omnium1 quicunque scrips]unt aut locuti sunt1 ex/itit et gravitate et suavitate pr9ceps ,plato4 ,i3#ha ,philosophorum1 ex quibus plurimum se traxisse eloqu5tiae #gi ,m4 ,tullius confitetur1 quis dubitet ,platonem esse praecipuum sive acum9e diss]5di sive eloqu5di facultate div9a quadam et ,hom]ica8 ,multum enim supra prosam orationem et quam p$e/rem ,graeci vocant surgit1 ut mihi non hom9is +5io1 s$ quodam ,delphici videatur oraculo dei in/9ctus4 #ha4 confitetur3 xii4 #b1 #bc nam ,m4 ,tullius non tantum se deb]e s*olis rhetorum quantum ,academiae spatiis frequ5t] ipse te/atus e/3 neque se tanta unquam 9 eo fudisset ub]tas si +5ium suum consaepto =i non ipsius r]um natura f9ibus t]m9asset4 ,9 ! ,orator1 #ab1 ,cic]o tells u he _h got 8 oratory n f ! n>r[ s*oolrooms & me*anical work%ops ( ! rhetoricians1 b f ! groves ( ! ,academy1 ! real s*ool = e k9d ( disc\rse3 fateor me oratorem1 si modo sim aut etiam quicunque sim1 non ex rhetorum (fic9is s$ ex ,academiae spatiis ex/itisse2 illa enim sunt curricula multiplicium v>iorumque s]monum 9 quibus ,platonis primum sunt impressa ve/igia4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 de ,or4 #cb4 ,9 ! ,de ,div4 ii4 #d ,cic]o speaks ( 8 rhetorical works z bord]+ on philosophy3 quumque ,ari/oteles itemque ,!ophra/us1 excell5tes viri cum subtilitate tum copia1 cum philosophia dic5di etiam praecepta coniunx]9t1 no/ri quoque oratorii libri 9 eundem num]um ref]5di vid5tur4 praecipuum3 cp4 ,orat4 #fb 7quot$ above7 longe omnium 444 pr9ceps ,plato4 ,s ,dionysius ad ,pomp4 p4 #geb ,r3 de ,dem4 #da1 p4 #ajhc ,r4 sive 444 sive3 cp4 xii4 #aj1 #bf quae defuisse ei sive ipsius natura seu lege civitatis vid5tur3 ,cic4 pro ,clu4 #gf4 ,sive is frequ5tly us$ z a s+le disjunctive1 to give "o ^w z an alt]native = ano!r3 i4 #d1 #bj vocabulum sive appellationem nom9i subiec]unt3 xii4 #aj1 #ei delect&i sive 444 concili&i (ficium4 ,cp4 too ,cic4 de ,am4 #ajj ex quo ex>descit sive amor sive amicitia--a k9d ( bra*yology3 de ,orat4 ii4 #gj 9 hac sive ratione sive ex]citatione dic5di1--a %ort] =mula ?an ib4 #bi hoc totum1 quicquid e/1 sive artificium sive /udium dic5di4 div9a4 ,cic4 ,tusc4 ,disp4 i4 #gi quem 7,platonem7 omnibus locis div9um1 quem sapi5tissimum1 quem sanctissimum1 quem ,hom]um philosophorum appellat 7,panaetius74 ,cp4 ,dion4 de ,dem4 #bc1 p4 #ajbd ,r 444 44 ,hom]ica3 #hf ut illi naturae caelesit atque immortali cess]imus3 #dh1 #fe4 prosam orationem et4 ,! omission ( et1 propos$ by rec5t editors1 w\ld make ,qu9tilian give a r useless synonym = prosa oratio1 :i* 7l prosa by itself7 he (t5 uses )\t explanation4 ,prosa oratio is us$ ( prose z contra/$ ) v]se 7cp4 xi4 #b1 #ci facilius v]sus ediscimus quam prosam orationem73 p$e/ris oratio includes all composition ( a prosaic ord]1 n necess>ily prose only3 s ,horace speaks ( 8 ,satires z ,musa p$e/ris 7,sat4 ii4 #f1 #ag73 p$e/res hi/oriae 9 ,c>4 ii4 #ab1 #i are prose hi/ories3 s]mo p$e/] 9 ,a4 ,p4 #ie 7tragicus pl]umque dolet s]mone p$e/ri7 is homely language3 cp4 ib4 #bbi1 & ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #bea4 ,s ,plato1 ,soph4 #bcg ,a 3 ,ari/oph4 ,fr4 #gac 4 ,palm] 7on ,hor4 ,sat4 l4c47 cites also ,luc4 de ,consecr4 ,hi/4 #h ( a bomba/ic hi/ory3 & adds #8! metaphor is f a p]son sob]ly jogg+ on on foot1 contra/$ ) ! da%+ pace ( a m\nt$ cavali]4'--,= prose ,cic]o uses oratio soluta 7,brut4 #cb7 to :i* he opposes v9cula num]orum 7,orat4 #fd1 #gg3 de ,orat4 iii4 #ahd74--,num]\s examples ( a simil> use ( et are cit$1 ,bonn4 ,lex4 s4v4 et iii4 quodam ,delphici1 c4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,= quodam cp4 #aji dono quodam provid5tiae g5itus3 xii4 #aa1 #e ductus amore quodam op]is3 ib4 #aj #ba3 ix4 #b1 #gf3 & #hb bel[2 & = ,delphici 444 dei ,cic4 de ,legg4 i4 #eh cuius praecepti tanta vis 444 e/ ut ea non hom9i cuipiam s$ ,delphico deo tribu]etur4 #hj ,i3#hb ,quid ego #hj commemorem ,x5ophontis illam iucunditatem inadfectatam1 s$ quam nulla consequi adfectatio possit8 ut ipsae s]monem f9xisse ,gratiae videantur1 et quod de ,p]icle vet]is como$iae te/imonium e/ 9 hunc transf]ri iu/issime possit1 9 labris eius s$isse qu&am p]suad5di deam4 #hb4 ,x5ophontis1 #cc1 #ge4 iucunditatem3 s ,tac4 ,dial4 #ca4 ,dionysius's criticism is full]3 1 3 ,diog4 ,la]t4 ii4 #eg 3 ,suidas 3 ,brutus1 #acb molli et ,x5ophonteo g5]e s]monis3 cp4 ibid4 #bib3 ,orat4 #cb cuius s]mo e/ ille quidem melle dulcior s$ a =5si /repitu remotissimus3 de ,orat4 ii4 #eh l5iore quodam sono e/ usus1 et qui illum impetum oratoris non habeat1 vehem5s =tasse m9us1 s$ aliquanto tam5 e/1 ut mihi quidem videtur1 dulcior4--,= inadfectatus1 see ,introd4 p4 xlii4 ,gratiae3 = ! =m ( expression cp4 ,orat4 #fb ,x5ophontis voce ,musas quasi locutas f]unt 7x4 #a #cc74 ,s #ii bel[3 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #ac1 #g3 ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #bg4 de ,p]icle4 ,s xii4 #b1 #bb3 #aj1 #fe3 ,pl9y1 ,ep4 i4 #bj1 #ag nec me praet]it summum oratorem ,p]iclem sic a comico ,eupolide laud>i 444 444 7,! l9e is giv5 9 ,kock's ,fragm5ta #a1 p4 #bha 3 s ,me9eke ii4 p4 #deh47 ,brutus #ch quemadmodum de ,p]icle scripsit ,eupolis3 #ei quam vocant ,graeci1 cuius effector e/ orator1 hanc ,suadam appellavit ,ennius 444 ut quam deam 9 ,p]icli labris scripsit ,eupolis sessitavisse huius hic m$ullam no/rum oratorem 7sc4 ,ce!gum7 fuisse dix]it4 7,cp4 de ,orat4 iii4 #ach47 ,! phrase ( :i* ?is is ! explanation 7suadae m$ulla--! ess5ce1 m>r[1 ( p]suasiv5ess7 is us$ aga9 de ,s54 #ej3 cp4 ,qu9t1 ii4 #ae1 #d4 ,horace has ,suadela1 ,ep4 i4 #f1 #ch4 qu&am1 i4e4 some?+ :i* may be call$ p]suad5di dea3 cp4 quodam bel[1 & quibusdam #gf3 xii4 #aj1 ii quadam eloqu5tiae frugalitate4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#hc ,quid reliquorum ,socraticorum elegantiam8 ,quid ,ari/otel58 ,quem dubito sci5tia r]um an scriptorum copia an eloqu5di suavitate an inv5tionum acum9e an v>ietate op]um cl>iorem putem4 ,nam 9 ,!ophra/o tam e/ loqu5di nitor ille div9us ut #ha ex eo nom5 quoque traxisse dicatur4 #hc4 ,socratici #ce4 elegantiam3 #aad3 #b #ai3 #8*a/e simplicity1' ,frieze4 ,ari/otel54 ,x is to be notic$ t 9 bo? ,dionysius & ,qu9tilian1 ,ari/otle comes aft] ,plato & ,x5ophon3 4 4 #d1 7,u4 p4 #bg7 3 ,brut4 #aba quis ,ari/otele n]vosior8 ,orat4 #agb quis omnium doctior1 quis acutior1 quis 9 rebus vel inv5i5dis vel iudic&is acrior ,ari/otele fuit8 sci5tia 444 copia 444 suavitate3 ,orat4 #e admirabili quadam sci5tia et copia3 ,topica #a #c dic5di incr$ibili quadam quum copia tum etiam suavitate3 cp4 de ,inv4 ii4 #f4 acum9e3 see on #gg4 nam has come to s]ve z a transition-=mula3 s #i1 #ab1 #ej3 #d1 #d4 ,x g5]ally involves an ellipse3 cp4 ,sall1 ,iug4 *4 #ai1 #b3 #ca1 #b3 #hb1 #b3 ,cic]o1 ,tusc4 ,disp4 iv4 #eb4 ,!ophra/o4 ,brut4 #aba quis ,!ophra/o dulcior8 ,!ophra/us succe$$ ,ari/otle 9 ! conduct ( 8 s*ool ,b4,c4 #cbb1 & di$ #bhg4 tam e/ loqu5di nitor ille div9us ut4 ,be*] takes tam closely ) div9us1 mak+ tam div9us e/ ! pr$4 & loqu5di nitor ille ! subj43 & s ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,= ! ord] ( words he comp>es #abb habebunt magnam eos qui nunc vig5t mat]iam v]e laud&i1 & adds 7,quae/4 p4 #ah7 #8omn9o autem t55dum e/ p]plexam et arcessitam v]borum turbam magis quam ord9em 7,bonn4 ,proleg4 lxxviii47 aetatis arg5teae scriptoribus 9 deliciis fuisse1 quae intellectum leg5tium non tam adiuvet quam #ha imp$iat4' ,we might also cp4 #gf tam nihil otiosum1 & #g #bg4 ,ev5 9 ,cic]o a simil> sep>ation occurs3 pro ,cael4 #af nunquam enim tam ,caelius am5s fuisset3 9 ,v]r4 v4 #aba quis tam fuit illo tempore durus et f]reus4 ,kid]l91 h[ev] 7,h]mes #bc1 p4 #aji71 *all5ges ?is explanation1 cont5d+ t ! words loqu5di nitor ille div9us are obvi\sly meant to be tak5 toge!r1 & t ille makes x impossible to jo9 tam & div9us4 ,he rejects z inappropriate ! analogies cit$ f ,brutus #eh 7cp4 #agd1 #da73 ad ,q4 ,fr4 i4 #b1 #c #i 7atque ego haec tam esse quam audio non puto--:]e x has be5 propos$ to ins]t a ^w73 ad ,fam4 vi4 #g1 #a4 ,b m weight %\ld be atta*$ to ! foll[+ passages to :i* ,k4 himself ref]s3 ,qu9t4 ii4 #af1 #ae 7s$ ipsa ratio neque tam nos iuv>et neque tam esset 9 nobis manife/a1 nisi1 c47 & viii4 #c1 #e 7et fulm9a ipsa non tam nos confund]5t si1 c474 ,kid]l9 h[ev] holds t all ^? passages diff] f ?is1 inasmu* z ei!r !re is a negative ) tam1 or x is jo9$ ) an adv]b1 or x foll[s quam imm$iately4 ,he rejects ,spald+'s tantus e/1 & proposes to read tam manife/us e/3 manife/us goes well ) ! prec$+ s5t5ce1 :]e ,qu9tilian does n "k :i* ( ,ari/otle's great po9ts to praise mo/1 :ile ) ,!ophra/us !re is no su* d\bt1 s9ce 8 loqu5di nitor is s /rik+ t he is said1 c4 ,k4 ?9ks t manife/us 7:i* is a fav\rite ^w ( ,qu9tilian3 see ,bonn4 ,lex47 might easily h fall5 out1 z tam e/ & manife/ are pretty mu* alike4--,9 support ( ! read+ loqu5di 7= :i* ,mei/] gives1 by a mispr9t1 eloqu5di71 ,kid]l9 po9ts out t ,qu9tilian probablv wi%$ to translate 4 nitor3 cp4 #cc1 #i1 #gi 7:]e see note on nitidus73 ,cic]o1 de ,f94 iv4 #c1 #e primum enim ipsa illa1 quae subtilit] diss]5da erant1 polite apteque dix]unt1 tum def9i5tes1 tum p>ti5tes1 ut ve/ri etiam2 s$ vos 7,/oici7 squalidius2 illorum 7sc4 ,p]ipateticorum et ,academicorum7 vides quam niteat oratio4 ,( ! ,p]ipatetics g5]ally he says 7,brutus #abj7 9 doctr9a atque praeceptis diss]5di ratio coniungitur cum suavitate dic5di et copia4 nom5 traxisse3 ,orat4 #fb siquidem et ,!ophra/us div9itate loqu5di nom5 inv5it3 ,diog4 ,la]t4 v4 #ch 1 1 4 ,i3#hd ,m9us induls]e eloqu5tiae ,/oici vet]es1 s$ cum hone/a suas]unt tum 9 collig5do prob&oque quae in/itu]ant plurimum valu]unt1 rebus tam5 acuti magis quam 7id quod sane non adfectav]unt7 oratione magnifici4 #hb #hd4 ,/oici vet]es4 ,see xii4 #a1 #bd sq4 = a discussion ( ! v>i\s philosophical sy/ems 9 reg>d to _! fitness = oratorical purposes4 ,= ! comp>ative unfitness ( ! ,/oic writ]s see esp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #ah1 #ff3 de ,f94 iv4 #bh1 #gh sq43 de ,orat4 ii4 #ch1 #aei4 ,s too ,brutus #aad 7,/oicorum7 p]acutum et artis pl5um orationis g5us scio tam5 esse exile nec satis popul>i ads5sioni adcommodatum3 #aah ut omnes f]e ,/oici prud5tissimi 9 diss]5do s9t et id arte faciant s9tque ar*itecti pa5e v]borum1 eidem traducti a disput&o ad dic5dum inopes rep]iantur4 quae in/itu]ant3 #8_! pr9ciples4' ,de ,(f4 i4 #a1 #a praecepta in/itutaque philosophiae3 de ,am4 #ac3 de ,f94 v4 #c1 #g scripta et in/ituta3 ,brut4 #ca & esp4 #aai4 collig5do3 #8argu+1' n necess>ily "h ( ! =mal process ( syllogi/ic reason+4 ,cp4 xii4 #b1 #aj ambigua ap]ire et p]plexa disc]n]e et de falsis iudic>e et collig]e et resolv]e quae velis oratorum e/4 rebus acuti3 #8%rewd ?9k]s1' r ?an ma/]s ( ! gr& /yle4 ,= ! con/r4 7:]e 9 ,greek ! pr4 "p4 w\ld h be5 us$7 cp4 #hj vel ob hoc memoria dignum4 quod sane non adfect4 ,cp4 ,s54 ,ep4 #ajh1 #ce illud admoneo1 auditionem philosophorum lectionemque ad propositum beatae vitae trah5dam1 non ut v]ba prisca aut ficta captemus et translationes improbas figurasque dic5di1 s$ ut pr(utura praecepta et magnificas voces et animosas1 quae mox 9 rem transf]antur3 sic i/a ediscamus ut quae fu]9t v]ba s9t op]a4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,argum5t 7#he-aca7 #he-aca4 ,,roman ,,lit]ature4 #he-ajj4 ,roman ,poetry4 #he-ib4 ,epic ,poets4 ,v]gil mu/ head ! li/1 rank+ ne>] to ,hom] ?an any ?ird poet does to him4 ,= consi/5t & uni=m excell5ce he may surpass ev5 ,hom]1 h[ev] little he may rival ,hom]'s be/ passages4 ,mac] & ,lucretius are wor? read+1 b n = /yle4 ,v>ro ,atac9us has "s m]it z a translator1 b w n add to an orator's res\rces4 ,ennius is l "s v5]able grove1 ^: trees h m sanctity ?an beauty3 !re are o!rs ne>] our own day1 & m useful = our special purpose4 ,ovid is uncontroll$ ev5 9 8 hexamet]s1 & lets 8 fancy run away ) him3 yet admirable 9 p>ts4 ,cornelius ,sev]us fell away f ! /&>d ( 8 fir/ book4 ,! y\?ful works ( ,s]ranus display great tal5t & a correct ta/e 9 /yle4 ,we lately lo/ mu* 9 ,val]ius ,flaccus4 ,! inspiration ( ,saleius ,bassus also fail$ to take on ! mell[ness ( age4 ,rabirius & ,p$o are wor? read+ 9 sp>e mom5ts4 ,lucan has fire & po9t1 & is a model = orators r ?an = poets4 ,domitian ,i w\ld "n _h n ! c>e ( ! _w prev5t$ him f becom+ our greate/ poet4 ,ev5 ! compositions ( 8 e>li] days1 aft] he _h h&$ ov] ! empire1 are l(ty1 le>n$1 & ( surpass+ excell5ce3 #8! poet's ivy is entw9$ ) ! conqu]+ bay4' #ic-if4 ,elegy1 ,satire1 iambic & lyric poetry4 ,9 ,elegy we c *all5ge ! ,greeks4 ,! mo/ poli%$ & ref9$ is1 9 my op9ion1 ,tibullus2 "s pref] ,prop]tius4 ,ovid is m uncontroll$ ?an ei!r1 ,gallus h>%]4 ,satire is all our own4 ,lucilius is by "s /ill pref]r$ to all poets :atsoev]4 ,i deprecate su* extravagant eulogy1 z ,i disagree ) ! c5sure ( ,horace4 ,lucilius has le>n+1 boldness1 cau/icity1 wit4 ,horace is ! pr9ce ( satiri/s4 ,p]sius e>n$ r5[n by a s+le book4 ,o!rs /ill alive w h a "n h]eaft]4 ,t]5tius ,v>ro wrote saturae ( ! e>li] k9d4 ,a pr(\nd s*ol>1 antiqu>ian1 & hi/orian1 he has made great] contributions to k ?an to oratory4 ,z a sep>ate =m ( composition1 iambic poetry is n mu* 9 vogue4 ,horace is our great lyric poet1--ev]y:]e pleas+ & graceful1 & v happy 9 8 language4 ,caesius ,bassus too may be add$3 b !re are liv+ au?ors ( great] m]it4 #ig-ajj4 ,dramatic ,poetry4 ,( ,trag$ians1 ,attius & ,pacuvius are mo/ r5[n$ = weight ( ?\ght #d & /yle1 & = ! dignity ( _! *>act]s2 b !y lack f9i%4 ,attius has m /r5g?1 ,pacuvius m le>n+4 ,v>ius's ,?ye/es may be set beside any ,greek play4 ,ovid's ,m$ea %[s :at he might h done if he c\ld h kept )9 b\nds4 ,pomponius ,secundus is by f> ! greate/ ( all :om ,i h myself se54 ,com$y is n our /rong po9t4 ,not)/&+ ,plautus1 ,caecilius1 & ,t]5ce1 we sc>cely reproduce a fa9t %ad[ ( our orig9als3 p]haps our language is incapable ( ! grace & *>m :i*1 ev5 9 ,greek1 is peculi> to ! ,attic4 ,afranius is ! be/ writ] ( togatae1 b 8 is n a pure art4 #aja-ajd4 ,roman ,hi/orians4 ,9 hi/ory we hold our own4 ,sallu/ may be pitt$ aga9/ ,?ucydides1 ,livy aga9/ ,h]odotus4 ,livy is rem>kable = ! *>m & transp>5cy ( 8 n>rative /yle1 z well z = ! eloqu5ce & appropriat5ess ( 8 spee*es2 & 9 ! pres5tation ( passion1 especially on its s(t] side1 he is unsurpass$4 ,sallu/ is diff]5t b n inf]ior4 ,s]vilius ,nonianus wants concis5ess4 ,aufidius ,bassus did m to ma9ta9 ! dignity ( hi/ory4 ,!re is also ! glory ( our own age1 ! hi/orian :o is /ill ) u1 & :om ,i d n m5tion by "n4 ,cremutius ,cordus is appreciat$ = 8 indep5d5t _s1 :i* /ill survives 9 8 works 9 spite ( ! revision & expurgation !y h be5 subject$ to4 ,!re are o!rs1 b ,i am only giv+ samples ( classes1 n ransack+ libr>ies4 #aje-abb4 ,roman ,orators4 ,cic]o c /& aga9/ ,demo/h5es4 ,i d n propose1 h[ev]1 to make a detail$ comp>ison betwe5 !m1 & ,i admit t ,demo/h5es is wor?y ( be+ le>nt by he>t4 ,9 inv5tion !y resemble ea* o!r3 9 /yle !y diff]1 ,demo/h5es be+ m concise1 ,cic]o m diffuse2 ! "o always pi]ces ) ! po9t ( 8 weapon1 ! o!r (t5 lets y feel ! weight ( x2 ! "o has m art1 ! o!r a great] natural gift4 ,9 wit & pa?os ,cic]o excels4 ,demo/h5es 0 p]haps deb>r$ f gl[+ p]orations2 b on ! o!r h& ! g5ius ( ! ,lat9 language d5ies to u a full measure ( ! peculi> #8,attic *>m4' ,/ill ,demo/h5es came fir/1 & ,cic]o owes mu* to him4 ,he is h[ev] no m]e imitator1--#8no ci/]n ( ra9-wat]1 b a liv+ s\rce4' ,in/ructive1 affect+1 pleas+1 he c>ries 8 audi5ce away ) him4 ,he w9s conviction n by ! zeal ( a p>tisan1 b by ! imp>tiality ( a judge3 ev]y?+ he does is natural & easy4 ,he 0 k+ ( ! b> 9 8 own day1 & ) u 8 "n is a synonym = eloqu5ce3 x is a m>k ( progress to h a high appreciation ( ,cic]o4 ,pollio1 ) all 8 good po9ts1 is s f> beh9d ,cic]o 9 *>m & poli% t x might be ?\ght he liv$ a c5tury e>li]4 ,messalla is lucid & di/+ui%$1 b wants =ce4 ,caes> might h disput$ ! palm ) ,cic]o2 8 spee*es brea! 8 w>like ard\r1 & yet he is above all ?+s #8elegans4' ,caelius has g5ius & wit3 he des]v$ a long] life4 ,calvus is by "s pref]r$ to all o!rs2 b ,cic]o ?\ght t by too rigor\s self-criticism he lo/ ! v life-blood ( /yle4 ,he is moral1 weighty1 *a/5$1 & (t5 vigor\s )al4 ,he 0 a /rict ,attici/2 & x is a pity t he di$ s "y1 if !re 0 a likelihood ( 8 enri*+ 8 /yle4 ,s]vius ,sulpicius made a "n by ?ree spee*es4 ,cassius ,sev]us wants tone & dignity3 he has g5ius1 cau/icity1 & wit2 b 8 ang] outruns 8 judgm5t4 ,( ^? :om ,i h se51 ,af] & ,africanus rank highe/3 ! #e =m] might be class$ ) ! orators ( =m] days1 ! latt] is m vigor\s1 b c>eless1 wordy1 & ov]-bold 9 metaphor4 ,tra*alus has elevation2 he _h great p]sonal advantages z well4 ,vibius ,crispus is delightful1 b m fitt$ = private ?an = public cases4 ,iulius ,secundus did n live long en\gh to secure 8 due %>e ( fame4 ,he is too mu* ( an arti/ & too little ( a fight+-man3 yet he has flu5cy1 lucidity1 & o!r good qualities4 ,our own era w furni% ! future hi/orian ) _m subjects ( eulogy4 #abc-aca4 ,roman ,philosoph]s4 ,?\gh we are n /rong 9 philosophy1 yet "h ! univ]sal ,tully is a mat* = ,plato4 ,brutus1 too1 is great] "h ?an 9 oratory3 he speaks f ! he>t4 ,celsus has writt5 a consid]able numb] ( works4 ,among ! ,/oics1 ,plautus w be ( s]vice to ! inquir]4 ,catius ! ,epicurean has no great weight1 b is pleasant )al4 ,i might h m5tion$ ,s5eca be=e1 & 9 e dep>tm5t1 b h purposely kept him wait+3 ,i am accus$ ( dislik+ him4 ,! fact is t at a "t :5 he alone 0 /udi$ ,i /rove to introduce a pur] ta/e4 ,he disp>ag$ ! #8anci5ts1' & 8 imitators aggravat$ 8 defects4 ,he possess$ wide le>n+1 ?\gh on special subjects he 0 sometimes misl$ by o!rs4 ,8 v]satility is %[n 9 oratory1 poetry1 lett]s1 & dialogues4 ,a /]n morali/1 b a vici\s1 yet s$uctive1 /yli/4 ,8 defects ende> him to ! "y1 b rob him ( ! praise ( ^? ( rip] ye>s4 ,yet ^! too may f9d pr(it 9 him1 if !y use _! judgm5t4 ,w\ld t he _h _h nobl] aims6 ,yet he realis$ ! aims he _h4 #hb #he-ajj4 ,roman ,poets4--,qu9tilian's criticisms ( ,lat9 lit]ature1 ?\gh naturally m indep5d5t ?an 8 judgm5ts ( ,greek au?ors1 are hamp]$1 z ,pr(essor ,nettle%ip has %[n 7,j\rn4 ,phil4 #ah p4 #bfb sq47 by #8! idea ( mak+ canons ( classical ,lat9 au?ors to correspond z closely z possible ) ! ,greek canons4 ,v]gil leads ! van among ! poets z ! ,lat9 ,hom]2 ,mac] & ,lucretius foll[ z repres5t+ ,hesiod & ! didactic poets4 ,! elegiac poets1 ,prop]tius & ,tibullus1 foll[ next1 answ]+ to ,tyrtaeus2 !n ! satiri/s :o ( c\rse h no ,greek c\nt]p>ts2 !n ! writ]s ( lampoon1 ,catullus1 ,bibaculus1 & ,horace1 to mat* ,ar*ilo*us2 ! lyric poets1 ,horace correspond+ to ,p9d>2 ! dramati/s1 comic & tragic1 among :om ,v>ius is s+l$ out z equal to any ,( ! ,greeks3 ! hi/orians1 ,sallu/ be+ mat*$ ) ,?ucydides1 & ,livy ) ,h]odotus2 ! orators1 ,cic]o be+ ( c\rse comp>$ 9 detail ) ,demo/h5es2 & ! philosoph]s1 among :om we are told t ,cic]o is aemulus ,platonis4' ,i3#he ,idem nobis p] ,romanos quoque auctores ordo duc5dus e/4 ,itaque ut apud illos ,hom]us1 sic apud nos ,v]gilius auspicatissimum d$]it exordium1 omnium eius g5]is poet>um ,graecorum no/rorumque haud dubie proximus4 #he4 ,idem 444 ordo duc5dus4 ,cp4 #e #a robu/orum /udiis ord9em d$imus3 xii4 #b1 #aj ut ord9em retro agamus4 ,!re is a sugge/ion ( milit>y associations 9 ! use ( ! phrase3 tr4 #89 ! same way we mu/ m>%al4' ,cp4 ,brut4 #ae explicatis ord9ibus temporum2 & i4 #d1 #c ) ,spald+'s note4--,= ord9em duc]e 9 ! s5se ( #8to be ! lead] ( a company' 7sc4 z c5turion7 cp4 ,cic4 ,phil4 i4 #h1 #bj3 ,caes4 ,b4 ,c4 i4 #ac1 #d3 iii4 #ajd1 #c3 ,livy ii4 #bc1 #d4 ,v]gilius3 8 claim to rank along ) ,hom] is indicat$ 9 i4 #h1 #e optime in/itutum e/ ut ab ,hom]o atque ,v]gilio lectio incip]et4 auspicatissimum4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,g]m4 #aa ag5dis rebus hoc anspicatissimum initium cr$unt3 ,pl94 ad ,traian1 xvii4 #c cum mihi contig]it1 quod erat auspicatissimum1 natalem tuum 9 prov9cia celebr>e4 ,cp4 ! op5+ words ( ,pl9y's ,panegyricus3 ,b5e ac sapi5t]1 patres conscripti1 maiores in/itu]unt ut r]um ag5d>um ita dic5di initium a precationibus cap]e1 quod nihil rite1 nihil provid5t] hom9es s9e deorum immortalium ope consilio honore auspic>5tur4 ,cic]o1 de ,div4 i4 #af1 #bh ,nihil f]e quondam maioris rei nisi auspicato ne privatim quidem g]ebatur4 d$]it3 v4 on #cg4 haud dubie3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#hf ,ut> enim v]bis isdem quae ex ,afro ,domitio iuv5is excepi3 qui mihi #hc int]roganti quem ,hom]o cr$]et maxime acc$]e1 #8secundus1' inquit1 #8e/ ,v]gilius1 propior tam5 primo quam t]tio4' ,et h]cule ut illi naturae caele/i atque immortali cess]imus1 ita curae et dilig5tiae vel ideo 9 hoc plus e/1 quod ei fuit magis labor&um2 et quantum em95tibus v9cimur =tasse aequalitate p5samus4 #hf4 ,afro ,domitio4 ,! ord] is *>act]i/ic ( ! silv] age1 ?\gh examples are f\nd also 9 ,cic]o's lett]s 7,introd4 p4 lv473 cp4 ,atac9us ,v>ro1 bel[1 & #ajc4 ,domitius ,af] 7cp4 #bd7 0 a di/+ui%$ orator :o fl\ri%$ "u ,tib]ius & 8 successors1 & di$ 9 ! reign ( ,n]o1 ,a4,d4 #ei 7,tac4 ,ann4 xiv4 #ai74 ,he 0 a native ( ,nemausus 7,nismes71 & fir/ rose to fame by ! prosecution ( ,agripp9a's c\s9 ,claudia ,pul*ra3 ,tib]ius av[$ t he 0 a #8born orator' 7suo iure dis]tum1 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #eb74 ,be+ ( an unscrupul\s "* 7quoquo fac9ore prop]us cl>esc]e1 ibid47 he plac$ 8 rhetorical p[]s at ! disposal ( ! gov]nm5t3 mox capess5dis accusationibus aut reos tut&o prosp]iore eloqu5tiae quam morum fama fuit1 ibid4 ,qu9tilian's connection ) him 7cp4 v4 #g1 #g quem adolesc5tulus s5em colui7 comes out 9 ! /ory he told to ,pl9y ab\t ,af]3 #8adsectab> ,domitium1' ,pl94 ,epi/4 ii4 #ad4 ,bel[ 7#aah7 he speaks ( him1 along ) ,iulius ,africanus1 7to :om he pref]s him7 z ! be/ orator he _h ev] he>d3 ?\gh he tells u else:]e t ,af] lo/ mu* ( 8 reputation by cont9u+ to speak 9 public aft] he %\ld h retir$3 vidi ego longe omnium quos mihi cognosc]e contigit summum oratorem1 ,domitium ,afrum1 valde s5em1 cotidie aliquid ex ea quam m]u]at auctoritate p]d5tem1 cum ag5te illo quem pr9cipem fuisse quondam =i non erat dubium alii1 quod indignum videatur1 rid]5t1 alii erubesc]5t2 quae occasio fuit dic5di1 malle eum defic]e quam des9]e4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #eb ad f94 aetas extrema multum etiam eloqu5tiae dempsit dum fessa m5te ret9et sil5tii impati5tiam4 excepi4 ,z di/+ui%$ f accip]e1 #hc :i*1 :5 us$ 9 ?is s5se1 means to get "s in=mation at second-h&1 excip]e always ref]s to :at is said 9 "o's pres5ce1 :e!r "o is meant to he>1 z 9 ?is passage1 or n2 z ,livy ii4 #d s]monem eorum ex s]vis unus excepit4 ,hom]o4 ,! same dative ) acc$]e occurs #fh magis acc$it oratorio g5]i 7,euripides74 ,) ! "n ( a p]son ,cic]o also uses ! dative1--e4g4 ,crasso et ,antonio ,l4 ,philippus proximus acc$ebat1 ,brut4 #agc1 & s ad ,fam4 xi4 #ba1 #d me huic tuae virtuti proxime acc$]e3 o!rwise m commonly ad c4 acc4 ,cp4 de ,orat4 #a #bfb 7dubit>e7 utrius oratio propius ad v]itatem vid]etur acc$]e ) ,qu9t4 xii4 #aj1 #i ad v]itatem ,lysippum ac ,praxitelem optime accessisse4 ,s xii4 #b1 #b3 #a1 #bj3 #b1 #be4 propior tam5 primo4 ,see note on #ec ut plane manife/o app>eat quanto sit aliud proximum esse1 aliud secundum4 ,"h ! int]val betwe5 fir/ & second is less ?an t betwe5 second & ?ird3 ,v]gil is a #8good second4' ut illi3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 naturae +5io1 z #aai erant cl>a et nup] +5ia3 cp4 #abb4 ,cic4 9 ,v]r4 ii4 #a #dj non enim pote/ ea natura quae tantum fac9us commis]it hoc uno scel]e esse cont5ta4 caele/i3 = ! hyp]bole cp4 caele/is huius 9 dic5do viri 7,cic]onis7 #b #ah4 ,s ,cic4 ,phil4 v4 #bh caele/es div9asque legiones3 ,ps4 ,cic4 ad ,brutum ii4 #g1 #b res a te ge/a memorabilis et pa5e caele/is4 ut 444 cess]imus ita4 ,= ut 444 ita 7 444 7 cp4 #c1 #a & #ca4 ,ut is n concessive & does n affect ! v]b1 :i* is 9 ! subjunctive ( modifi$ ass]tion 7= c$5dum e/73 cp4 d$]it above #he3 ,cic4 ,brut4 #be s9e ulla dubitatione confirmav]im4 ,qu9tilian is speak+ ?r\gh\t ( ! ,romans 9 ! p]son ( _! great poet3 cp4 v9cimur1 p5samus1 bel[2 also #ic provocamus1 #ii consequimur1 #ajg v9cimus4 ,kid]l9's objection t1 z fully admitt+ ! sup]iority ( ,hom]1 he w\ld n h be5 likely to *oose1 on patriotic gr\nds1 a =m t seems to modify ! =ce ( ! concession1 is met by ! in/ance ( ! pot5tial subj4 quot$ above alongside ( s9e ulla dubitatione4 em95tibus3 neut4 ( adj4 us$ sub/antively1--common en\gh 9 ,qu9tilian ev5 ) adjj4 ( ! ?ird decl5sion3 cp4 #c #e nec prot9us (f]5tibus se gaudeamus4 ,see ,introduction1 p4 xlix 7#e74 ,su* #8out/&+' passages z ^? allud$ to ,horace t]ms ! #8speciosa miracula' 7#8/rik+1' #8picturesque m>vels'7 ( ! ,hom]ic poems1 ,a4 ,p4 #add4 aequalitate1 #8uni=m excell5ce'3 cp4 aequali quadam m$iocritate #ed4 ,9 #bd ,qu9tilian has already ref]r$ to ! qu&oque dormitat1 & 8 words are probably an e*o ( ! ,horatian criticism4 ,= ! use ( aequalitas cp4 xi4 #c1 #dc-dd4 ,9 reg>d to /yle1 ,cic]o has ,orat4 #aih omnis nec claudicans nec quasi fluctuans s$ aequalit] con/ant]que +r$i5s num]osa habetur oratio3 & us+ aequabilitas ibid4 #ec elaborant alii 9 l5itate et aequabilitate et puro quasi quodam et c&ido g5]e dic5di4 ,i3#hg ,cet]i omnes longe sequ5tur4 ,nam ,mac] et ,lucretius leg5di quidem1 s$ non ut 1 id e/ corpus eloqu5tiae faciant1 elegantes 9 sua quisque mat]ia1 s$ alt] humilis1 alt] difficilis4 ,atac9us ,v>ro 9 iis p] quae nom5 #hd e/ adsecutus int]pres op]is ali5i1 non sp]n5dus quidem1 v]um ad aug5dam facultatem dic5di p>um locuples4 #hg4 ,mac]3 v4 on #ef4 ,lucretius4 ,! ref]5ces made to ,lucretius 9 ,lat9 lit]ature are collect$ by ,teuffel1 ,r4 ,l4 #bja4 ,! two are nam$ toge!r aga9 xii4 #aa #bg4 elocutionem1 v1 #db4 ,s ad aug5dam facultatem dic5di1 bel[4 ,= #8corpus eloqu5tiae' cp4 ,petronius1 ,satyr4 ii4 7( ! imitators ( ,s5eca7 #8effeci/is ut corpus orationis en]v>etur et cad]et4' humilis3 #8common-place1' difficilis3 cp4 multis lum9ibus +5ii multae tam5 artis1--,cic]o's criticism1 dealt ) by ,munro1 ii4 p4 #cae 7#crd ed474 ,v>ro1 ,p4 ,t]5tius 7,b4,c4 #hb-cg71 call$ #hd ,atac9us f ! riv] ,atax 9 ,gallia ,n>bon5sis1 8 native prov9ce4 ,qu9tilian's criticism "h ref]s to ! "w by :i* he 0 be/ kn[n--8 translation ( ! ,argonautica ( ,apollonius ,rhodius 7#8int]pres op]is ali5i'74 ,he also wrote :at is describ$ z a metrical sy/em ( a/ronomy & geography "u ! title ,*orographia or ,cosmographia3 a h]oic poem ,bellum ,sequanicum1 9 ! /yle ( ,ennius & ,naevias3 & ,saturae :i*1 if we may tru/ ,horace1 7 a failure3 ,satires i4 #aj1 #df ,hoc erat exp]to fru/ra ,v>rone ,atac9o 444 ,melius quod scrib]e possem4 p] quae3 common 9 ,qu9tilian to designate #8means by :i*'3 cp4 v4 #aj1 #cb4 ,s also p] quod1 p] hoc3 see on #aj4 nom53 cp4 #gb1 #abj1 #e1 #ah3 xii4 #f1 #g3 ii4 #aa1 #a3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #aj nom5 ins]]e famae3 ib4 #cf plus notitiae ac nom9is apud plebem p>abat4 ,i3#hh ,ennium sicut sacros vetu/ate lucos adoremus1 9 quibus gr&ia et antiqua robora iam non tantam hab5t speciem quantam religionem4 ,propiores alii1 atque ad hoc de quo loquimur magis utiles4 ,lascivus #he quidem 9 h]ois quoque ,ovidius et nimium amator +5ii sui1 laud&us tam5 9 p>tibus4 #hh4 ,ennius1 ! ,*auc] ( ,lat9 lit]ature 7#bci-afi ,b4,c471--qui primus amo5o detulit ex ,helicone p]5ni fronde coronam 7,lucr4 i4 #aai74 ,lucretius 9 ?is passage calls him #8,ennius no/]1' z does also ,cic]o1 pro ,ar*ia #ah1 #bb4 #8,x w be obs]v$1' says ,pr(essor ,nettle%ip1 #8t ,qu9tilian is a ,cic]onian1 & t bo? z aga9/ ! y\ng] s*ool ( 8 own day & z aga9/ ! pre-,cic]onian lit]ature4 ,ennius he sets aside ) a few respectful words3 ,pacuvius & ,accius1 "o mu/ almo/ suppose1 he _h nev] read 7#ig73 if he _h read !m1 !n1 he did n ?9k x wor? :ile to pass an indep5d5t judgm5t ^u !m 7b see note ad loc47 ,! com$ians1 ,plautus1 ,caecilius1 & ,t]5ce1 he w h>dly notice2 s f>1 he ?9ks1 d !y fall bel[ _! ,greek orig9als4 ,lucretius he totally misconceives1 ev5 grant+ 8 po9t ( view1 = c x be said t !re are no f9e passages ( rhetoric 9 ! ,de ,r]um ,natura8 ,! criticisms on ! po/-,cic]onian orators are = ! mo/ "p 7rememb]+ t ,qu9tilian is ?9k+ ( ! ne$s ( an orator7 s\nd & well express$1 notably t ^u ,ovid 7#hh74 ,b !y are mo/ly too %ort1 & leave ! impression t ! writ] is anxi\s to get to ! end ( !m4 ,9 speak+ ( ,cic]o1 h[ev]1 ,qu9tilian rises to ! height ( real en?usiasm4' ,j\rn4 ( ,phil4 l4c4 sacros vetu/ate lucos4 ,= ! rev]5ce atta*+ to groves cp4 ,s5eca1 ,epi/4 ,mor4 ,,iv1 xii4 7#da7 ,si tibi occurr]it vetu/is arboribus et solitam altitud9em egressis frequ5s lucus et conspectum caeli ramorum aliorum alios proteg5tium umbra submov5s3 illa proc]itas silvae et secretum loci et admiratio umbrae 9 ap]to tam d5sae atque cont9uae fidem tibi num9is facit4 speciem4 ,s ,ovid1 ,tri/4 ii4 #dbd ,ennius +5io maximus1 arte rudis3 ,am4 i4 #ae1 #ai ,ennius arte c>5s4 ,cp4 ,qu9t1 i4 #h1 #h pl]ique plus +5io quam arte valu]unt 7vet]es ,lat9i74 ,propiores1 n ,v]gilio1 z ,bonnell & ,krg] 7! latt]1 9 #bnd ed41 contra/+ #hf cet]i omnes longe sequ5tur73 b r1 by inf]5ce f #8vetu/ate' & #8antiqua' 9 ! previ\s s5t5ce propiores no/rae aetati4 ,b see ,clauss51 ,quae/4 ,qu9til4 pp4 #ceh-i4 ad hoc de quo loquimur ad aug5dam facultatem dic5di3 4 lascivus3 s bel[ #ic ,ovidius utroque 7,tibullo et ,prop]tio7 lascivior1 sicut durior ,gallus4 ,! ^w & its cognates are us$ by ,qu9tilian ( #8runn+ riot1' :e!r 9 ?\ght1 language1 or mann]4 ,! v]b lascivire is us$ 9 reg>d to a c]ta9 mann]ism ( ,ovid1 iv4 #a1 #gg ut ,ovidius lascivire 9 metamorphosesi solet1--wrongly class$ 9 ,bonnell's lexicon "u mores3 cp4 ix4 #d1 #bh4 ,s ii4 #d1 #c neque 444 arcessitis descriptionibus1 9 quas pl]ique imitatione poeticae lic5tiae ducuntur1 lasciviat3 xii4 #aj1 #gc g5us dic5di quod pu]ilibus s5t5tiolis lascivit3 ix4 #d1 #f3 iv4 #b1 #ci3 xi4 #a1 #ef4 ,see above1 rec5s haec lascivia #dc3 cp4 ii4 #e1 #aj & #bb3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bf lascivia v]borum et levitate s5t5ti>um et lic5tia compositionis4 ,! adjective occurs along ) hil>e v4 #c1 #bg1 & ) dicaces vi4 #c1 #da3 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bi p>vulos assuefaciunt 444 lasciviae et dicacitati4 ,x #he means #8exub]ance' ( any k9d1 z aga9/ sev]e re/ra9t3 ix4 #d1 #adb duram potius atque asp]am compositionem malim esse quam effem9atam et en]vem1 qualis apud multos1 et cotidie magis1 lascivissimis syntonorum modis saltat3 ,horace1 ,a4 ,p4 #ajf lud5tem lasciva 7v]ba dec5t7 sev]um s]ia dictu3 i4e4 #8sportive' z opp4 to #8s]i\s'3 ,ep4 ii4 #b1 #baf lasciva dec5tius aetas1 #8t may m becom+ly make m]ry4' ,wilk9s says ! ^w occurs t5 times 9 ,horace1 & nev] 9 a di/9ctly bad s5se3 lascivi pu]i ,sat4 i4 #c1 #acd3 lasciva puella ,v]g4 ,ecl4 iii4 #fd4 9 h]ois quoque3 sc4 v]sibus4 ,cp4 ix4 #d1 #hh & #hi4 ,?is *>act]i/ic ( 8 elegiac compositions reappe>s ev5 9 8 h]oic v]se1 i4e4 ! ,metamorphoses4 ,at ix4 #d1 #hh 7pes7 h]\s 4 ,s ,m>tial iii4 #bj1 #f lascivus elegis an sev]us h]ois8 nimium amator +5ii sui3 cp4 #ih bel[1 si +5io suo imp]>e quam indulg]e maluisset4 ,m4 ,s5eca1 ,controv4 iv4 #bh1 #ag 7p4 #bha7 ,ovidius nescit quod b5e cessit rel9qu]e3 ii4 #aj1 #ab 7( a declamatio by ,ovid7 v]bis m9ime lic5t] usus e/ nisi 9 c>m9ibus1 9 quibus non ignoravit vitia sua1 s$ amavit 444 adp>et summi +5ii viro non indicium defuisse ad compesc5dam lic5tiam c>m9um suorum1 s$ animum4 ,cp4 ,s54 ,nat4 ,quae/4 iii4 #bg1 #ac poet>um +5iosissimus 444 nisi tantum impetum +5ii et mat]iae ad pu]iles ineptias r$uxisset4 ,( ,s5eca ! philosoph] ,qu9tilian uses simil> language bel[ #acj si non omnia sua amasset4 ,= ! use ( an adv4 ) v]b-n\n 9 -tor 7z if x 7 a p>ticiple7 cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #ab ,quis tam ,lucili fautor inepte e/4 ,see ,introd4 p4 xlv4 9 p>tibus1 opp4 to totum 7#89 e9zeln ,p>ti5'--,ngelsba* #gf p4 #bif74 ,cp4 9 p>te #g #be3 also #b #bf 9 p>tibus3 vii4 #b1 #bb si qu&o 9 p>tibus laborabimus1 univ]sitate pugn&um e/4 ,! frequ5cy ) :i* 9 p>te occurs 9 ,qu9tilian 7z well z ex p>te1 :i* is us$ by ,cic]o & ,livy7 makes ! read+ probable1 ?\gh ! ,,mss4 omit 91 :ile _m give p>cius = p>tibus4 ,cp4 ii4 #h1 #f quod 444 mihi 9 p>te v]um videtur3 iv4 #e1 #ac3 v4 #g1 #bb3 xi4 #b1 #cd4 ,i3#hi ,cornelius autem ,sev]us1 etiamsi sit v]sificator quam poeta melior1 si tam51 ut e/ #hf dictum1 ad exempl> primi libri bellum ,siculum p]scripsisset1 v9dic>et sibi iure secundum locum4 ,s]ranum consumm>i mors immatura non passa e/1 pu]ilia tam5 eius op]a et maximam indolem o/5dunt et admirabilem praecipue 9 aetate illa recti g5]is voluntatem4 #hi4 ,cornelius ,sev]us1 contempor>y & fri5d ( ,ovid1 :o addresses to him ,epi/4 ex ,ponto iv4 #b 7#a ,o vates magnorum maxime regum3 #aa sq4 f]tile pectus habes int]que ,helicona col5tes ,ub]ius nulli prov5it i/a seges73 cp4 c>m5 regale iv4 #af1 #i4 ,9 spite ( ! apology 9 iv4 #b 7eius adhuc nom5 no/ros tacuisse libellos71 x is probable t ,epi/4 i4 #h is also address$ to him3 v4 #b p>s animae magna1 ,sev]e1 meae3 #be1 o iucunde sodalis4 ,m4 ,s5eca 7,suas4 vi4 #bf7 quotes tw5ty-five hexamet]s ( 81 ) ! introductory rem>k1 :i* seems well des]v$1 #8nemo ex tot dis]tissimis viris melius ,cic]onis mortem deflevit quam ,sev]us ,cornelius4' etiamsi sit4 ,! use ( ! subj4 w\ld seem to indicate t ,qu9tilian leaves ! tru? ( ! criticism an op5 "q 7,roby #aefj74 ,osann is wrong 9 tak+ x z indicat+ ,qu9tilian's own op9ion4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 v]sificator4 ,?is ^w occurs also 9 ,ju/94 vi4 #i1 #d3 v]sificatores meliores quam duces3 ,vopisc4 ,saturn4 i4 #g1 #d3 ,t]5t4 ,maur4 #ajab3 ,b$e #bced ,p4 ,if tak5 9 a depreciatory s5se x seems r inconsi/5t ) ! high praise giv5 him 9 :at foll[s3 b we ga!r f notices 9 ! gramm>ians & f ! extant fragm5ts t ,sev]us 0 #8incl9$ to artificiality ( expression & to ! affectation ( elegance1 ev5 :]e ! ?\ght is q simple1' z 9 ! quotation 9 ,*>isius1 p4 #hc ,huc ades ,aonia cr9em circumdata s]ta4 ,= ! anti!sis v]sificator 444 poeta cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #ci neque enim conclud]e v]sum dix]is esse satis 444 7ut7 putes hunc esse poetam4 si tam54 ,tam5 really goes ) v9dic>et1 b ! inv]sion tam5 si 7,hild7 is q unnecess>y2 else:]e 9 ,qu9tilian tam5 is f\nd atta*$ to ! subord9ate & n to ! pr9cipal s5t5ce3 xi4 #c1 #ef etiam si non utique vocis sunt vitia1 quia tam5 propt] vocem accidunt1 potissimum huic loco subiciantur3 ii4 #ag1 #bd-be3 cp4 cum tam5 xi4 #c1 #ia4 7,9 ix4 #b1 #ee si tam5 si modo1 si quidem3 9 quo e/ et illa si tam5 int] s*emata num]>i debet 444 digressio3 cp4 ii4 #ae1 #d47 ut e/ dictum4 ,be*] agrees ) ,halm 9 consid]+ ?is to be a gloss on #hf etiam si 7sit7 melior1 & x is omitt$ 9 ,krg]'s #crd ed4 ,b x is obvi\s t 7unless he is quot+ f himself7 ,qu9tilian is "h giv+ a criticism at secondh& 7dictum sc4 ab aliis71 & convey+ ! op9ion ( contempor>y critics3 cp4 #fj adeo ut videatur quibusdam1 ( ,ar*ilo*us4 ,no great difficulty ne$ be occasion$ by ! position ( ! words1 ?\gh !y w\ld h be5 at lea/ z well plac$ 9 ! ma9 s5t5ce4 ,kid]l9 79 ,h]mes7 proposes to read #8etiamsi v]sificator quam poeta melior sit1 tam51 ut e/ dictum1 si ad exempl>1' c4 bellum ,siculum3 i4e4 ! w> ) ,sext4 ,pompeius ,b4,c4 #ch-cf 7,siculae classica bella fugae ,prop]t4 ii4 #a1 #bh74 ,scalig] sugge/$ bellum civile1 ) :i* ,sev]us's poems seem to h dealt1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p4 ,! primus lib] is unkn[n4 ,b]nh>dy ref]s to ! extract 9 ,s5eca1 ,suas4 vii4 7,burm4 ,a4 ,l4 ii4 #aee7 z ju/ify+ ,qu9tilian's criticism1 & seems incl9$ to haz>d ! conjecture 7bas$ on a quotation f ,val]ius ,probus 9 ! ,wi5] ,analecta ,gramm4 p4 #baf--;,cornelius ,sev]us r]um ,roman>um l4 #a7 t ! title ( ! :ole "w 0 ,res ,romanae1 ! ,bellum ,siculum be+ only a section4--7,c bellum ,siculum h crept into ! text z a gloss on #8primi libri1' ! m g5]al title bellum civile dropp+ out8 ,! :ole poem _c h dealt ) ! bellum ,siculum74 p]scripsisset3 common en\gh 9 ! s5se ( #8write a full acc\nt ('3 "h #8f beg9n+ to end'3 cp4 p]leg]e1 p]v5ire4 secundum locum--among epic poets1 aft] ,v]gil4 ,s]ranum is ! conjectural em5dation g5]ally adopt$ 9 place ( ! read+s ( ! ,,mss4 ,x re/s on ! passage 9 ,juv5al vii4 #gi ,cont5tus fama iaceat ,lucanus 9 hortis ,m>moreis2 at ,s]rano t5uique ,saleio ,gloria quantalibet quid erit1 si gloria tantum e/8 ,"s h ascrib$ to him ! ,eclogues :i* h come d[n to u "u ! "n ( ,calpurnius ,siculus4 ,m>tial 7iv4 #cg1 #b7 speaks ( a ,s]ranus :o 0 deep 9 debt4 ,mo/ old edd4 read ,s$ eum1 /ill ref]r+ to ,sev]us4 consumm>i3 cp4 #abb3 #b #bh3 #e #ad & frequ5tly 9 ,qu9tilian 7v4 ,bonnell's ,lex474 ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #hh1 #bh1 una re consummatur animus1 sci5tia bonorum ac malorum immutabili1 quae soli philosophiae competit4 9 aetate illa3 #8= "o s "y4' recti g5]is3 cp4 #dd rectum dic5di g5us3 ix4 #c1 #c3 ii4 #e1 #aa4 ,! objective g5itive aft] #8voluntas' is notewor?y3 cp4 lib]tatis novae gaudium ,flor4 i4 #i1 #c4 ,i3#ij ,multum 9 ,val]io ,flacco nup] amisimus4 ,vehem5s et poeticum +5ium ,salei ,bassi #hg fuit1 nec ipsum s5ectute maturuit4 ,rabirius ac ,p$o non 9 digni cognitione1 si vacet4 ,lucanus ard5s et concitatus et s5t5tiis cl>issimus1 et1 ut dicam quod s5tio1 magis oratoribus quam poetis imit&us4 #ij4 ,val]io ,flacco4 ,m>tial addresses him 9 i4 #gg1 exhort+ him1 ) "s irony1 to give up v]se-writ+ z unpr(itable & turn lawy]4 ,f ano!r epigram 7i4 #fa7 we ga!r t he 0 a native ( ,padua 7#8,apona tellus'74 ,he fl\ri%$ 9 ! reign ( ,vespasian1 to :om he d$icat$ 8 ,argonautica1 c4 ,a4,d4 #gj1 & di$ ab\t #hh4 ,juv5al may be ref]r+ to ?is poem i4 #h-aj3 :]e see ,mayor's notes4 ,!re is a t\* ( p]sonal sorr[ ab\t ! use ( amisimus4 ,= ! expression cp4 ,florus iv4 #g1 #ad ,brutus cum 9 ,cassio suum animum p]didisset4 nup]3 ,flaccus di$ ab\t #hh ,a4,d4 ,qu9tilian wrote 8 "w betwe5 #ic & #ie4 ,salei ,bassi4 ,cp4 t5uique ,saleio1 ,iuv4 vii4 #hj1 quot$ above4 ,8 "n occurs sev]al times 9 ! ,dial4 de ,orat43 ,saleium ,bassum1 cum optimum virum tum absolutissimum poetam #e3 egregium poetam vel si hoc honorific5tius e/ praecl>issimum vatem #i1 :]e x is /at$ t he got a gift ( #ejj se/]tia f ,vespasian3 cp4 also #aj4 ,! ,bassus ridicul$ by ,m>tial 7iii4 #dg1 #eh3 v4 #bc3 viii4 #aj3 vii4 #if7 is a diff]5t p]son1 ?\gh he also wrote trag$ies3 v4 #ec1 #a-b ,col*ida quid scribis1 quid scribis1 amice1 ,?ye/58 ,quo tibi vel ,niob51 ,basse1 vel ,&roma*58 #hg nec ipsum s5ectute maturuit3 #8b x 0 n mell[$ by age'3 nec ipsum 8 g5ius no m ?an t ( ,s]ranus1 above4 ,on ! o!r read+ 7s5ectus maturavit7 ipsum w\ld be accus4 masc43 b ! con/ruction is h>%1 & maturo 9 ?is transitive use is only f\nd 9 ,pl9y1 ( ! processes ( nature4 ,rabirius1 a contempor>y ( ,ovid1 ,ep4 ex ,ponto iv4 #af1 #e magnique ,rabirius oris4 ,velleius ,pat]culus m5tions him along ) ,v]gil1 omitt+ ,horace3 int] quae 7+5ia7 maxime no/ri aevi em95t pr9ceps c>m9um ,v]gilius ,rabiriusque ii4 #cf1 #c3 ,s5eca de ,b5ef4 vi4 #c1 #a egregie mihi videtur ,m4 ,antonius apud ,rabirium poetam 444 exclam>e1 hoc habeo quodcunque d$i4 ,he is g5]ally suppos$ to be ! au?or ( a fragm5t on ! battle ( ,actium & ! dea? ( ,cleopatra1 discov]$ 9 ! rolls ( ,h]culaneum4 ,p$o1 ,c4 ,alb9ovanus1 fri5d ( ,ovid1 :o /yles him sid]eus ex ,pont4 iv4 #af1 #f1 c>issime iv4 #aj1 #c4 ,m>tial ref]s to him z a s*ol>ly poet 7doctique ,p$onis ii4 #gg7 & epigrammati/ 7i4 praef47--9 bo? places along ) ,domitius ,m>sus3 ,paley & ,/one are wrong 9 id5tify+ him ) ! ,celsus ,alb9ovanus ( ,horace1 ,epi/4 i4 #c1 #ae & #h1 #a4 ,s5eca tells a /ory he _h he>d f him 9 ,ep4 #abb1 #ac1 & complim5ts him z be+ #8fabulator elegantissimus4' ,m4 ,s5eca 7,suas4 i4 #ad7 gives u #bc hexamet]s ( 8 :i* =m$ "p ( a poem celebrat+ ! fam\s voyage ( ,g]manicus 7cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 ii4 #bc74 ,! #8,consolatio ad ,liviam ,augu/am de morte ,drusi ,n]onis1' fir/ attribut$ to him by ,scalig]1 is n[ believ$ to be a production ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7,b]nh>dy1 pp4 #dhf-g74 ,he also wrote a ,!seis 7,ovid1 ex ,pont4 iv4 #aj1 #ga sq474 ,lucanus1 ,m4 ,annaeus1 ! au?or ( ! #8,ph>salia1' ,a4,d4 #ch-fe4 ,! criticism ( ,qu9tilian puts be=e u ,lucan's m]its & defects1--! pr$om9ance ( ! declamatory elem5t be+ prom95t among ! latt]4 ,9 ! ,dial4 de ,orat4 #bj he is class$ along ) ,v]gil & ,horace1 exigitur 444 ab oratore etiam poeticus decor 444 ex ,horatii et ,v]gilii et ,lucani sacr>io prolatus4 ,on ! o!r h& ,s]v4 ad ,a54 i4 #chb ,lucanus ideo 9 num]o poet>um esse non m]uit quia videtur hi/oriam composuisse non poema3 cp4 ,petron4 ,sat4 #aah4 ,s1 too1 ,m>tial xiv4 #aid ,lucanus1 ,sunt quidam qui me dicant non esse poetam1 ,s$ qui me v5dit bibliopola putat4 ,! ut dicam quod s5tio seems to indicate t ,qu9tilian is combat+ ! prevail+ s5tim5t ab\t ,lucan4--,cp4 ,heitl&'s ,introd4 to ,lucan's ,ph>salia 7,hask9s71 p4 lxx4 s5t5tiis--1 v4 #ej1 #fa1 #8su* g5]al utt]ances z h a be>+ ^u human life & action1' ,heitl&1 pp4 lxv-lxvii4 ,i3#ia ,hos nom9avimus1 quia ,g]manicum ,augu/um ab in/itutis /udiis deflexit cura t]r>um1 p>umque #hh dis visum e/ esse eum maximum poet>um4 ,quid tam5 8 ipsis eius op]ibus1 9 quae donato imp]io iuv5is secess]at1 sublimius1 doctius1 omnibus d5ique num]is prae/antius8 ,quis enim can]et bella melius quam qui sic g]it8 ,quem praesid5tes /udiis deae propius audir5t8 ,cui magis suas artes ap]iret famili>e num5 ,m9]vae8 #ia4 ,hos1 sub4 tantum3 z #e #g uno g5]e4 ,see ,ngelsba* #hd on ! omission ( adv]bs3 p4 #cca sq4 ,g]manicum4 ,domitian took ?is title aft] 8 exp$ition aga9/ ! ,*atti1 ,a4,d4 #hd3 ,front9us1 ,/rateg4 ii4 #aa1 #g ,imp]ator ,caes> ,augu/us ,g]manicus eo bello quo victis ho/ibus cognom5 ,g]manici m]uit4 ,( ?is triumph ,tacitus says 7,agric4 #ci7 t ,domitian 0 consci\s #8d]isui fuisse falsum e ,g]mania triumphum4' ,= ! tone ( adulation cp4 ,proem4 ,book ,,iv1 #b sq41 :]e ,domitian is spok5 ( z #8sanctissimus c5sor1' & #8pr9cipem ut 9 omnibus ita 9 eloqu5tia em95tissimum1' & is ev5 invok$ z a div9ity1--nunc omnes 9 auxilium deos ipsumque 9 primis quo neque praes5tius aliud nec /udiis magis propitium num5 e/1 invocem4 ,hild comp>es ! foll[+ passages z %[+ ! _s ( ! age3--,/atius1 ,silvae i4 #a & #d3 iii4 #c3 iv4 #a & #b3 ,silius ,italicus iii4 #fah sq43 ,val]ius ,flaccus i4 #ab3 & ,m>tial1 ,epi/4 ,d$4 ( vii43 cp4 #fe1 #hb et passim4 ,see ,introd4 p4 xi4 ab in/itutes /udiis3 ,suet4 ,dom4 #b simulavit et ipse mire mode/iam imprimisque poeticae /udium1 tam insuetum antea sibi quam po/ea spretum et abiectum1 recitavitque etiam publice4 ,f ,val4 ,flacc4 i4 #ab x w\ld appe> t he contemplat$ an epic poem on ! w> ) ! ,jews4 ,tac4 ,hi/4 iv4 #hf ,domitianus sp]ni a s5ioribus iuv5tam suam c]n5s1 modice quoque et usurpata antea munia imp]ii omittebat1 simplicitatis ac #hh mode/iae imag9e1 9 altitud9em conditus /udiumque litt]>um et amorem c>m9um simulans1 quo vel>et animum et fratris aemulationi subduc]etur1 cuius disp>em mitioremque naturam contra int]pretabatur4 ,cp4 ,pl9y1 ,introd4 to ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,b ,suetonius #bj gives ! rev]se side3 nunquam 444 aut hi/oriae c>m9ibusve nosc5dis op]am ullam1 aut /ilo vel necess>io d$it4 ,praet] comm5t>ios et acta ,tib]ii ,caes>is nihil lectitabat2 epi/olas orationesque et edicta ali5o =mabat +5io4 cura t]r>um3 cp4 ,m>t4 viii4 #hb ,posse deum rebus p>it] ,musisque vac>e ,scimus1 et haec etiam s]ta plac]e tibi4 donato imp]io1 i4e4 to 8 fa!r ,vespasian1 z he pret5d$1 & 8 bro!r ,titus3 cp4 ,suet4 ,dom4 #ac pr9cipatum adeptus neque 9 s5atu iact>e dubitavit #8et patri se et fratri imp]ium d$isse4' num]is3 #gj4 qui sic g]it3 cp4 #aad ( ,julius ,caes>1 #8eodem animo dixisse quo bellavit4' ,/atius has a simil> complim5t to ,domitian1 ,a*il4 i4 #ae1 #af cui gem9ae flor5t vatumque ducumque c]tatim laurus3 olim dolet alt]a v9ci4 praesid5tes deae3 #dh invocatione de>um quas praesid]e vatibus cr$itum e/4 propius audir5t3 cp4 ,a54 i4 #ebf p>ce pio g5]i et propius res aspice no/ras4 ,! phrase is us$ ( int]e/ z well z ne>ness1 & ref]s ei!r to ! pres5ce & sympa?y ( ! ,muses :5 ! poet reads 8 compositions 7recitavitque etiam publice ,suet4 ,dom4 #b71 or 7less probably7 to _! graci\s answ] to 8 pray] = inspiration4 ,be*] cites also ,ovid1 ,tri/4 i4 #b1 #g od]at ,a5ean propior ,saturnia ,turno4--,see ,crit4 ,notes4 famili>e num5 ,m9]vae3 ,domitian 0 desir\s ( pass+ = a son ( ,m9]va 7,philo/ratus1 ,vit4 ,apoll4 vii4 #bd71 & puni%$ ) dea? a prie/ ( ,t>5tum :o _h fail$ to address him by ?is title 9 (f]+ sacrifice4 ,he also in/itut$ ! ,qu9quatria ,m9]vae 7,suet4 #d71 ) conte/s 9 poetry & rhetoric4 ,at ! qu9qu5nial fe/ival ( ,jupit] ,capitol9us he himself presid$1 #8capite ge/ans coronam auream cum effigie ,iovis ac ,iunonis ,m9]vaeque4' ,m]ivale vii4 #cia-cid4--,krg] cites ,a54 i4 #ddg 7templum7 donis opul5tum et num9e divae4 ,i3#ib ,dic5t haec pl5ius futura saecula1 nunc enim cet]>um fulgore virtutum laus i/a prae/r+itur4 ,nos tam5 sacra litt]>um col5tes f]es1 ,caes>1 si non tacitum hoc praet]imus et ,v]giliano c]te v]su te/amur3 int] victrices h$]am tibi s]p]e laurus4 #ib4 prae/r+itur3 #cj4 f]es1 see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,! subj4 7f]as7 is giv5 9 _m edd4 z m appropriate to ! subs]vi5t tone ( ! :ole passage4 ,v]giliano3 ,ecl4 viii1 #ac1 address$ to ,pollio4 ,cp4 ,m>t4 viii4 #hb1 #g ,non qu]cus te sola decet1 nec laurea ,phoebi3 fiat et ex h$]a civica no/ra tibi4 ,i3#ic ,elegea quoque ,graecos provocamus1 cuius mihi t]sus atque #hi elegans maxime videtur auctor ,tibullus3 sunt qui ,prop]tium mal9t4 ,ovidius utroque lascivior1 sicut durior ,gallus4 ,satura quidem tota no/ra e/1 9 qua primus insignem laudem #ij adeptus ,lucilius quosdam ita d$itos sibi adhuc habet amatores ut eum non eiusdem modo op]is auctoribus s$ omnibus poetis praef]re non dubit5t4 #ic4 ,elegea4 ,! =m elegea is receiv$ into ! text by ,halm 9 i4 #h1 #f1 b n by ,mei/]4 ,ovid has elegea1--flebilis indignos elegeia solve capillos1 ,am4 iii4 #i1 #c3 cp4 cultis aut elegia comis ,m>tial v4 #cj1 #d4 ,elegi is m common3 ,hor4 ,c>4 i4 #cc1 #b mis]abiles1 ,a4 ,p4 #gg exiguos3 ,tib4 ii4 #d1 #ac3 ,prop4 v4 #a1 #ace3 ,iuv4 i4 #d4--,! same names are enum]at$ 9 *ronological ord] by ,ovid3 ,successor fuit hic 7,tibullus7 tibi1 ,galle1 ,prop]tius illi4 ,qu>tus ab 8 s]ie temporis ipse fui1 ,tri/4 iv4 #aj1 #fc3 ,teuffel #bi4 provocamus3 po/-,aug4 9 ?is figurative s5se3 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #g1 #d s5es illos provoc>e virtute3 7cp4 ea pictura naturam ipsam provocavit ,pl94 ,n4 ,h4 xxxv4 #aj1 #cf #id47 ,s ( ?+s imm5sum ,iatus circi templorom #hi pul*ritud9em provocat1 ,panegyr4 #ea4--;,hild quotes ,diom$4 iii4 #fj1 p4 #dhd ,quod g5us c>m9is praecipue scrips]unt apud ,romanos ,prop]tius et ,tibullus et ,gallus1 imitati graecos ,callima*um et ,euphoriona4 ,catullus also _h us$ ! elegiac metre1 ?\gh1 z ,mr4 ,munro says 7,catullus1 p4 #bca71 8 elegies are by no means up to ! level ( 8 lyrics4 ,9 8 h&s ! elegy reta9$ ! ease & fre$om ( its orig9al =m1 ?\gh (t5 want+ 9 te*nical f9i%3 ,tibullus & 8 successors ,lat9iz$ x1 & adapt$ x to new conditions4 t]sus1 #8smoo? & f9i%$'3 xii4 #aj1 #ej quod libris d$icatur 444 t]sum ac limatum 444 esse oport]e4 ,s bel[ #id4 ,tibullus1 c4 #ed-ah ,b4,c4 ,hor4 ,epi/4 i4 #d3 ,ovid1 ,am4 iii4 #i4 ,z di/+ui%$ f ,prop]tius 7c4 #ej-ae ,b4,c471 he is ! poet ( w>m1 t5d]1 natural feel+1 :i* he expresses 9 neat & f9i%$ v]se4 ,he conf9es himself to su* !mes & su* sc5es z suit$ ! limitations ( 8 g5ius4 ,prop]tius has m =ce & /r5g?2 b he is m involv$1 (t5 9 fact obscure2 & 8 indirectness & artificiality h greatly int]f]$ ) ! adequate recognition ( 8 und\bt$ p[]s4 ,cp4 ,muretus1 ,s*ol4 9 ,prop]t43 illum 7,tibullum7 iudices simplicius scripsisse quae cogit>et3 hunc 7,prop]tium7 dilig5tius cogitasse quae scrib]et4 ,9 illo plus naturae1 9 hoc plus curae atque indu/riae p]spicias4 ,= a mod]n e/imate cp4 ,po/gate's ,select ,elegies lvii4 sqq41 esp4 lxvii3 8,no real judge ( poetry w hesitate = a mom5t to place ,prop]tius high above !m bo? 7,tibullus & ,ovid74 ,x is true t 9 "s respects !y may bo? claim ! advantage ov] him2 ,tibullus = ref9$ simplicity1 = natural grace & exquisit5ess ( t\*2 ,ovid = ! te*nical m]its ( execution1 = transp>5cy ( con/ruction1 = smoo?ness & poli% ( expression4 ,b 9 all ! high] qualities ( a poet he is z mu* _! sup]ior40 lascivior3 v4 on #hh4 ,! anti!sis is "h giv5 9 durior 7#8m mascul9e'71 :i* seems to %[ t ! ref]5ce is prim>ily to ,ovid's /yle3 7cp4 ix4 #d1 #adb1 quot$ at #hh74 ,ovid's exub]ant vivacity & sportive imag9ation1 z well z 8 indiff]5ce to deep conviction & high ideals1 might h[ev] well be includ$ 9 ! criticism4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #aj elegorum lascivias et iamborum am>itud9em4 ,m>tial has ( ,prop]tius #8,cyn?ia te vatem fecit1 lascive ,prop]ti' viii4 #gc1 #e3 :i*1 l ,ovid's t5] 7,a4 ,a4 iii4 #ccc71 ,po/gate ?9ks ref]s r to 8 subject ?an to 8 treatm5t ( x4 8,) ,tibullus & ,prop]tius love 0 at any rate a passion4 ,) ,ovid x 0 une affaire de cur40 ,gallus1 ,cornelius1 ( ,=um ,iulii 7#fi-bf71 0 ! fir/ praefectus ,aegypti "u ,augu/us1 b on a report ( "s ra% spee*es 0 bani%$1 & committ$ suicide 9 8 =ty-?ird ye>4 ,v]gil is said to h orig9ally f9i%$ ! ,georgics ) a tribute to ,gallus1 & on be+ ord]$ to erase x1 sub/itut$ ! ,ari/aeus episode :i* n[ occupies ! latt] half ( ,book ,,iv4 ,v]gil's reg>d = him1 h[ev]1 comes out 9 ,eclogue vi4 #fd sqq41 & 9 ! d$ication ( ,eclogue x4 7sollicitos ,galli dicamus amores71 9 :i* he seeks to console him = ! loss ( 8 love ,lycoris 7,cy!ris74 ,on x ,s]vius obs]ves3 et ,euphorionem 444 tran/ulit 9 lat9um s]monem 7l4 #ej7 et amorum suorum de ,cy!ride scripsit libros quatuor4 ,cp4 ,ovid1 ,tri/4 ii4 #dde ,nec fuit opprobrio celebrasse ,lycorida ,gallo1 ,amor4 i4 #ae1 #cj3 ,tri/4 iv4 #aj1 #ec3 ,rem$4 #gfe ,quis potuit lecto durus disc$]e ,gallo8 ,satura4 ,z to ! d]ivation1 v4 ,diom$4 iii4 p4 #dhe 7,palm]1 ,introd4 to ,hor4 ,sat4 p4 vii7 ,satira autem dicta sive a ,satyris1 quod similit] 9 hoc c>m9e ridiculae res pud5daeque dicuntur1 quae velut a ,satyris pr(]untur et fiunt2 sive satura a lance1 quae ref]ta v>iis multisque primitiis 9 sacro apud priscos dis inf]ebatur4442 sive a quodam g5]e f>cim9is1 quod multis rebus ref]tum saturam dicit ,v>ro vocitatum4 ,! second d]ivation 7lanx satura--! platt] fill$ ) fir/ fruits ( v>i\s sorts :i* 0 an annual ?ank-(f]+ to ,c]es & ,bac*us3 & s a #8m$ley' or #8hodge-podge'7 0 long pref]r$2 b ,momms5 holds 7cp4 ,ribbeck1 ,rm4 ,trag4 #ba7 t ! ^w means ! #8masque ( ! full m5' 771--! song enact$ at a popul> c>nival1 :5 repletion 9 ! p]=m]s leads to #ij a c]ta9 #8fulness' ab\t ! p]=mance4 ,cp4 ,tibullus ii4 #a1 #bc saturi 444 coloni3 #ec satur ar5ti primum e/ modulatus av5a c>m5 7agricola74 tota no/ra4 ,?is claim mu/ be und]/ood ( satire 9 its ,roman =m4 ,! _s ( p]sonal invective _h already f\nd expression 9 ! lampoons ( ,greek satire1 e4g4 9 ! iambics ( ,ar*ilo*us & ,hipponax1 to say no?+ ( ! ,old ,com$y at ,a!ns2 b ,satire at ,rome grew to be a di/9ct art1 a s]i\s practical aim be+ impos$ on ! lit]>y =m t 0 develop$ out ( ! orig9al ,satura 7= :i* see bel[1 #ie74 8,x foll[$ ! ,old ,com$y ( ,a!ns 9 its pla9-speak+1 & ! me?od ( ,ar*ilo*us 9 its bitt] ho/ility to ^? :o provok$ attack4 ,b x diff]$ f ! =m] 9 its non-political bias1 z well z its non-dramatic =m2 & f ! latt] 9 its motive1 :i* is n p]sonal enmity1 b public _s4 ,?us ! ass]tion ( ,horace 7,s4 i4 #d1 #a-f7 t ,lucilius is indebt$ to ! old com$ians1 mu/ be tak5 9 a g5]al s5se only1 & n be held to invalidate ! g5]ally receiv$ op9ion t1 9 its f9al & p]fective =m1 ,satire 0 a g5u9e product ( ,rome0 7,cruttwell1 ,r4 ,l4 p4 #gf74 ,contra/ ! #8h9c omnis p5det ,lucilius hosce secutus' 7e/7 ( ! passage ref]r$ to ) #8,lucilius ausus 7e/7 primus 9 hunc op]is compon]e c>m9a morem' 7ii4 #a1 #fb71 & ! recognition ( ,ennius z #8,graecis intacti c>m9is auctor' 7i4 #aj1 #ff74 ,! claim made by ,qu9tilian spr+s f ! consci\sness t ,satire 0 pre-em95tly ! national organ ( public op9ion at ,rome4 ,:atev] ! topic treat$ might be1--politics1 lit]ature1 philosophy1 or social life & mann]s1--! tone 0 always g5u9ely national & popul>4 ,moreov]1 x 0 ! only =m ( lit]ature t enjoy$ a cont9u\s developm5t at ,rome1 ext5d+ z x did f ! mo/ fl\ri%+ era ( ! ,commonweal? into ! second c5tury ( ! ,empire4 ,see = ! :ole subject ,pr(essor ,nettle%ip's ,essay on ! ,roman ,satura--its orig9al =m 9 connection ) its lit]>y developm5t1 ,cl>5don ,press1 #ahgh3 ,palm]'s ,satires ( ,horace1 ,intr4 p4 ix4 ,lucilius1 ,c4 7,b4,c4 #afh787-ajc71 0 a memb] ( an eque/rian family ( ,suessa1 & belong$ to ! circle ( ! y\ng] ,scipio1 "u :om he _h s]v$ dur+ ! ,numant9e ,w>4 ,he left beh9d him ?irty books ( ,satires1 ( :i* ! fir/ tw5ty & ! ?irtie? 7 9 hexamet] v]se1 ! o!rs be+ 9 diff]5t metres2 & ( ^! only "s #aajj l9es are n[ extant4 ,he gave ,satire its true popul> tone at ,rome1 speak+ out op5ly & ) a c\rage\s frankness aga9/ ! iniquity & incompet5ce ( ! nobles1 ! sordid1 av>ici\s & pleasure-seek+ aims ( ! middle-class1 & ! v5ality ( ! mob4 ,horace passes a r mix$ judgm5t on him1 c5sur+ 8 discursiv5ess1 r\ghness1 c>eless rapidity1 & v]bosity2 b comm5d+ him = 8 orig9al =ce & frank outspok5ness4 ,see ,sat4 i4 #d1 #f-ab1 #eg3 #aj1 #a-e1 #bj-bd1 #dh-ga3 ii4 #a1 #ag1 #bi-cd1 #fb-ge4 ,9 ! "t ( ,tacitus "s pref]r$ ,lucilius to ,horace3 ,dial4 #bc vobis utique v]santur ante oculos qui ,lucilium pro ,horatio et ,lucretium pro ,v]gilio legunt4 ,i3#id ,ego quantum ab illis1 tantum ab ,horatio diss5tio1 qui ,lucilium flu]e lutul5tum et esse aliquid quod toll]e possis1 putat4 ,nam eruditio 9 eo mira et lib]tas atque inde ac]bitas et abunde salis4 ,multum e/ t]sior ac #ia purus magis ,horatius et1 non labor eius amore1 praecipuus4 ,multum et v]ae gloriae quamvis uno libro ,p]sius m]uit4 ,sunt cl>i hodieque et qui olim nom9abuntur4 #id4 flu]e lutul5tum1 a quotation f memory ( ,sat4 i4 #d1 #aa cum flu]et lutul5tus erat quod toll]e velles4 ,cp4 i4 #aj1 #ej-a f]5tem plura quidem toll5da rel9qu5dis4 eruditio mira3 i4 #f1 #h hom9is eruditissimi 7,lucili74 lib]tas3 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #e multa cum lib]tate notabant4 ,trebonius 9 ,cic4 ,fam4 xii4 #af1 #c de9de qui magis hoc ,lucilio licu]it assum]e lib]tatis quam nobis8 quum1 etiamsi odio p>i fu]it 9 eos quos laesit1 tam5 c]te non magis dignos habu]it1 9 quos tanta lib]tate v]borum incurr]et3 ,macr4 iii4 #af1 #ag ,lucilius ac] et viol5tus poeta4 inde3 x 0 8 p]sonal indep5d5ce 7lib]tas7 t gave s ke5 an edge to 8 satire 7ac]bitas73 ,hor4 ,sat4 ii4 #a1 #fb4 inde is 9 fact causal "h4 ,be*] notes pro ,mur4 #bf z ! only p>allel #ia in/ance 9 ,cic]o1 & !re x occurs 9 a law =mula3 inde ibi ego te ex iure manu cons]tum voco4 abunde salis3 ,v]g4 ,a54 vii4 #eeb t]rorum et fraudis abunde e/3 ,suet4 ,caes4 #hf pot5tiae gloriaeque abunde1 b n 9 e>li] prose4 ,accord+ to ,h&4 ,turs4 i4 #ga abunde 0 orig9ally neut4 ( abundis1 us$ sub/antially 7cp4 pote & necesse7 & s becom+ an adv]b1 f :i* 0 =m$ 9 "t1 by a false analogy1 an adj4 abundus4 ,o!r uses are 7#a7 l #8satis esse1' z 9 ,tac4 ,hi/4 ii4 #ie1 #e ipse abunde ratus si praes5tibus fru]etur3 7#b7 z simple adv4 qualify+ v]bs adjectives & o!r adv]bs 7cp4 on #be73 ,cic4 ,div4 ii4 #a1 #c erit abunde satisfactum toti huic quae/ioni4 ,sall4 ,iug4 #ad1 #ah abunde magna praesidia4 ,:>ton takes x f 99habundus1 #8possess+1' ! g]undive ( habeo4--,see ,crit4 ,notes4 multum3 = multum be=e a comp>ative1 l etc41 see ,introd4 p4 li43 cp4 ,/at4 ,!b4 ix4 #eei1 ,iuv4 x4 #aig4 ,9 spite ( #8multum maius' 7de ,or4 iii4 #ib71 ,cic]o v r>ely has multum = multo4 ,= ! read+1 see ,crit4 ,notes4 purus magis gives ! anti!sis to lutul5tus4 non labor3 cp4 vi4 #c1 #c sive amore immodico praecipui 9 eloqu5tia viri 7,cic]onis7 labor3 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bdd ambitione labi4 ,9 spite ( ! /ricture pass$ 9 i4 #h1 #f 7,horatium nolim 9 quibusdam int]pret>i71 ,qu9t4 _h a high admiration = ,horace3 see bel[ #if4 ,_m codd4 give nisi = non3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,= praecipuus us$ absolutely cp4 #fh1 #ha1 #aaf4 ,multum et v]ae multum gloriae et quidem v]ae gloriae4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 iv4 #f1 #a filium consul>em1 cl>am virum et magnis rebus ge/is1 amisit4 ,s ! ,greek 4 ,= acc4 w4 m]eo cp4 #aaf4 quamvis3 cp4 #gd4 ,ev5 9 classical ,lat9 quamvis is us$ ) adjectives & adv]bs1 & )\t any v]b3 b ?is is a m rem>kable in/ance ?an e4g4 ,cic4 ,nat4 ,deor4 ii4 #a1 #a rhetorem quamvis eloqu5tem3 ,tusc4 iii4 #gc /ultitiam accus>e quamvis copiose licet4 ,p]sius 7#cd-fb ,a4,d47 ,! be/ acc\nt ( 8 satires is t prefix$ to ,con+ton's edition4 ,cp4 ,m>t4 iv4 #bi1 #g ,saepius 9 libro num]atur ,p]sius uno ,quam levis 9 tota ,m>sus ,amazonide4 ,sunt cl>i hodieque et3 #8!re are brilliant satiri/s at ! pres5t day1--m5 ^: names w h]eaft] be on ! roll ( fame4' ,cp4 = ! g5]al s5se iii4 #a1 #ba sunt et hodie cl>i eiusdem op]is auctores1 qui si omnia complexi =5t1 consuluiss5t labori meo1 s$ p>co nom9ibus viv5tium3 v5iet eorum laudi suum tempus3 ad po/]os enim virtus durabit1 non p]v5iet invidia4 ,s too #ajd bel[ qui olim nom9abitur nunc intellegitur4--,?is use ( hodieque 7#8no* heutzutage'7 is q diff]5t f su* simple in/ances z e4g4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #ajc hoc fac]e coep]unt hodieque faciunt1 :]e -que is m]ely copulative4 ,! ,dictt4 quote sev]al in/ances 9 po/-,augu/an prose1 ?\gh ! ^w occurs 9 ,qu9t4 only "h3 ,vell4 ,pat]c4 i4 #d1 #c quae hodieque appellate ,ionia3 ii4 #h1 #c porticus quae hodieque celebres sunt3 #bg1 #c ,utcunque cecidit1 hodieque tanta patris imag9e non obscuratur eius memoria3 ,s5eca1 ,epi/4 #ij1 #af non hodieque magna ,scy?>um p>s t]gis vulpium induitur8 ,pl94 ii4 #eh1 #ei #aej 9 ,abydi gymnasio colitur hodieque3 viii4 #de1 #gj #agf et hodieque reliquiae durant3 ,tac4 ,g]m4 iii4 quod 9 ripa ,rh5i situm hodieque incolitur3 ,dial4 #cd ad f941 quas hodieque cum admiratione legimus3 ,suet4 ,claud4 #ag3 ,tit4 #b4 ,krg] 7#crd4 ed47 ?9ks t que is ?r[n 9 to correspond ) et 9 :at foll[s 7 444 1 #8s[ohl als au*'73 #8po/hum\s r5[n is introduc$1 z ! m preci\s1 n simply by et olim b 9 a special relative clause4' ,c]ta9ly x is ! same writ]s :o are cl>i n[ & :o w h]eaft] receive prop] recognition 7nom9abuntur cp4 #ajd bel[71 ?\gh at pres5t he refra9s f giv+ names4 ,! position ( et1 & inde$ its pres5ce at all 9 ! s5t5ce1 seem to be motiv$ by ! *oice ( ! =m hodieque4 ,b see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,juv5al c h>dly be ref]r$ to "h1 z 8 fir/ ,satire is lat] ?an ! reign ( ,domitian1 "u :om ,qu9t4 compos$ 8 "w4 ,! ref]5ce is m probably to "s m9or ,satiri/s1 l ! au?ors ( ! #8scripta famosa1 vulgoque edita1 quibus primores viri ac fem9ae notabantur1'--m5tion$ by ,suet4 7,dom4 #h7 z curr5t 9 ,domitian's reign4 ,cp4 ,n]o #db3 ,tac4 ,ann4 i4 #gb4--;,= olim see on #ajd4 ,i3#ie ,alt]um illud etiam #ib prius saturae g5us1 s$ non sola c>m9um v>ietate mixtum condidit ,t]5tius ,v>ro1 vir ,romanorum eruditissimus4 #ic ,plurimos hic libros et doctissimos composuit1 p]itissimus l+uae ,lat9ae et omnis antiquitatis et r]um ,graec>um no/r>umque1 plus tam5 sci5tiae collaturus quam eloqu5tiae4 #ie4 ,alt]um illud1 c4 ,?is takes #ib u back to ! e>lie/ =ms ( ! ,roman ,satura4 ,alongside ( ! ,fesc5n9e v]ses 7,hor4 ,epi/4 ii4 #aci1 sq471 :i* _h orig9at$ 9 ! ru/ic raill]y & co>se mir? ( v9tage & h>ve/ homes1 !re grew up a sort ( dramatic m$ley or f>ce1 probably conta9+ an elem5t ( dialogue1 to give opportunity = ! sportive ex*ange ( rep>tees1 & soon com+ to h a regul> musical accompanim5t & correspond+ ge/ures4 ,^! #8,saturae' diff]$ f ! ,fesc5n9e v]ses 9 hav+ m ( a set =m & n be+ extemporis$2 :ile1 aga91 !y 7 di/9ct f ! develop$ drama 9 hav+ no connect$ plot4 ,!y seem f ! fir/ to h conta9$ a dramatic elem5t1 consi/+ z !y did ( comic songs or /ories recit$ ) ge/iculation & flute accompanim5t4 ,9 addition to ! c5sori\s fre$om :i* !y d]iv$ f ! ,fesc5n9e v]ses1 ! ,saturae receiv$ an impulse f ! mimetic dances t _h be5 import$ f ,etruria4 ,!y _h be5 act$ on ! /age = m ?an a c5tury be=e ,livius ,&ronicus gave 8 fir/ dramatic repres5tation 7,b4,c4 #bdj71 & aft] ! developm5t ( ! regul> drama !y pass$ into a di/9ct =m ( lit]ature1 :i* reta9$ to "s ext5t its dramatic ca/1 b 0 n int5d$ n[ = public repres5tation4 ,9 ! h&s ( ,ennius ! ,satura became a m$ley ( metrical pieces--a metrical miscellany--9 :i* ! poet gave utt]ance1 n )\t ! elem5t ( dialogue1 to 8 views on ?+s 9 g5]al1 9 a tone t began to be m s]i\s ?an w\ld h suit$ ! /age & ! !atre-go+ public1 :o 7 n[ to look to ,lat9 ,com$y = undilut$ amusem5t4 ,) ,lucilius1 ,satire pass$ f miscellane\s metrical composition to t aggressive & c5sori\s criticism ( p]sons1 mann]s1 lit]ature1 & politics1 :i* ! ^w has ev] s9ce be5 employ$ to d5ote4 ,x 0 a =m ( lit]>y activity t w\ld seem to h be5 call$ = by ! social & political conditions ( ,roman life 9 ! latt] "p ( ! second c5tury4--,! transition is indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ passage f ,diom$es1 ,art4 ,gram4 iii4 p4 #dhe ,k ,satira dicitur c>m5 apud ,romanos nunc quidem mal$icum et ad c>p5da hom9um vitia ar*aeae como$iae *>act]e compositum1 quale scrips]unt ,lucilius et ,horatius et ,p]sius2 at olim c>m5 quod ex v>iis poematibus con/abat satira vocabatur1 quale scrips]unt ,pacuvius et ,ennius4 etiam prius1 i4e4 ev5 be=e ! satura ( ,lucilius3 cp4 olim c>m5 quod1 c4 9 ! passage j quot$4 ,! satura ( ,v>ro 7l t ( ,m5ippus1 :om he imitat$71 besides be+ compos$ 9 all sorts ( metres1 admitt$ prose also3 h5ce #8non sola c>m9um v>ietate mixtum' 7= ! impli$ anti!sis cp4 #g #ai 9 prosa 444 9 c>m9e74 ,x 0 also1 9 respect ( mat]ial1 a sort ( pot-p\rri or #8hodge-podge'3 cp4 multis rebus ref]tum1 ,diom$es1 l4c4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 condidit3 see #ef4 ,!re is no ne$ = ,jahn's conj4 condivit4 ,! ^w means #8wrote1' #8compos$' 7n #8f\nd$1' z ,mayor 9 8 analysis73 cp4 iii4 #a1 #ai primus condidit aliqua 79 arte rhetorica7 ,m4 ,cato3 xii4 ,,ii1 #bc ,cato 444 idem hi/oriae conditor4 ,t]5tius ,v>ro1 ,m4 7,b4,c4 #aaf-bg74 ,( 8 _m works 7said to numb] ab\t #fjj7 we h only ?ree books ( ! ,de ,re ,ru/ica1 p>ts ( ! ,de ,l+ua ,lat9a 79 #be books71 & fragm5ts ( ! ,m5ippean ,satires4 ,= ! la/ v4 esp4 ,momms51 iv4 pt4 #b1 p4 #eid4 ,a good acc\nt ( ,v>ro's life & writ+s is giv5 9 ,cruttwell's ,rom4 ,lit4 pp4 #ada-aef4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,saturae1 v4 esp4 pp4 #add-ade3 #8,!re 0 "o class ( semi-poetical composition :i* ,v>ro made peculi>ly 8 own1 ! ,satura ,m5ippea1 a m$ley ( prose & v]se1 treat+ ( all k9ds ( subjects j z !y came to h& 9 ! plebeian /yle1 (t5 ) mu* grossness1 b ) sp>kl+ po9t4 ,( ^! ,saturae he wrote no less ?an #aej books1 ( :i* fragm5ts h be5 pres]v$ am\nt+ to ne> #fjj l9es4 ,m5ippus ( ,gad>a1 ! orig9ator ( ?is /yle ( composition1 liv$ ab\t #bhj ,b4,c42 he int]sp]s$ jocul> & commonplace topics ) moral maxims & philosophical doctr9es1 & may h add$ contempor>y pictures1 ?\gh ?is is unc]ta94 ,v>ro foll[$ him2 we f9d him 9 ! ,academicae ,quae/iones ( ,cic]o 7i4 #b1 #h7 say+ t he adopt$ ?is me?od 9 ! hope ( entic+ ! unle>n$ to read some?+ t might pr(it !m4 ,9 ^! saturae topics 7 #ic h&l$ ) ! greate/ fre$om4 ,!y 7 n satires 9 ! mod]n s5se4 ,!y are r to be consid]$ z l9eal desc5dants ( ! old saturae :i* exi/$ be=e 7cp4 etiam prius7 any regul> lit]ature4' ,romanorum eruditissimus3 cp4 ,cic]o ad ,att4 xiii4 #ah :]e1 ) "s pique1 he writes homo nunquam me lacessivit 7by d$icat+ a "w to him73 ,augu/4 ,c4 ,d4 vi4 #b homo omnium facile acutissimus et s9e ulla dubitatione doctissimus4 ,dion4 ,hal4 ii4 #ba 444 3 & ,plut4 ,rom4 #ab 4 omnis antiquitatis4 ,he wrote ,antiquitates r]um human>um et div9>um1 9 =ty-"o books4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #ae1 #fj dilig5tissimus inve/igator antiquitatis4 ,= 8 g5]al activity v4 ,acad4 ,po/4 i4 #c1 #i nos 9 no/ra urbe p]egr9antes 444 tui libri quasi domum r$ux]unt 444 tu aetatem patriae1 tu descriptiones temporum1 tu sacrorum iura1 tu sac]dotum1 tu dome/icam1 tu bellicam discipl9am1 tu s$em regionum1 locorum1 tu omnium div9>um human>umque r]um nom9a1 g5]a1 (ficia1 causas ap]ui/i plurimumque idem poetis no/ris omn9oque lat9is et litt]is lum9is et v]bis attuli/i1 atque ipse v>ium et elegans omni f]e num]o poema feci/i philosophiamque multis locis in*oa/i1 ad inpell5dum satis1 ad edoc5dum p>um4 ,cp4 ,phil4 ii4 #da1 #aje1 :]e di/9ct ref]5ce is made 7z ,halm po9ts out7 to treatises de ,iure ,civili1 9 fifte5 books3 de ,vita ,populi ,romani1 9 f\r books3 ,annales 9 ?ree books3 ,antiquitates 9 =ty-"o books3 de ,fama ,philosophiae3 & n9e books ,discipl9>um3 ,qu9t4 xii4 #aa1 #bd1 ,quam multa1 pa5e omnia1 tradidit ,v>ro4--,= ?is use ( antiquitas cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 ii4 #ei cognosc5dae antiquitatis3 & o!r exx4 9 ,nettle%ip's ,lat4 ,lex4 s4v4 #c4 sci5tiae 444 eloqu5tiae3 cp4 ,augu/4 ,c4 ,d4 vi4 #b ,m4 ,v>ro 444 tametsi m9us e/ suavis eloquio1 doctr9a tam5 atque s5t5tiis ita ref]tus e/ ut 9 omni eruditione 444 /udiosum r]um tantum i/e doceat quantum /udiosum v]borum ,cic]o delectat4 ,= ! datives cp4 #bg1 #fc1 #ga3 conf]re ) 9 c4 acc4 occurs #g #bf1 q4v4 ,i3#if ,iambus non sane a ,romanis celebratus e/ ut proprium opus1 s$ aliis quibusdam int]positus2 cuius ac]bitas 9 ,catullo1 ,bibaculo1 #id ,horatio1 quamquam illi epodos int]v5it1 rep]ietur4 ,at lyricorum idem ,horatius f]e solus legi dignus2 nam et insurgit aliqu&o et pl5us e/ iucunditatis et gratiae et v>ius figuris et v]bis felicissime audax4 ,si quem adic]e velis1 is erit ,caesius ,bassus1 quem nup] vidimus2 s$ eum longe praec$unt +5ia viv5tium4 #if4 ,iambus c>m9a iambica3 cp4 #i1 #ei4 celebratus e/3 cp4 ix4 #b1 #ib celebrata apud ,graecos s*emata3 i4 #i1 #f n>ratiunculas a poetis celebratas4 ,cp4 frequ5t>e4 ut proprium opus1 i4e4 z a sep>ate =m ( composition1 su* z x 0 9 ! h&s ( ,ar*ilo*us1 ,hipponax1 & ,simonides4 aliis quibusdam 7sc4 c>m9ibus7 int]positus4 ,hild takes ?is z ref]r+ bo? to ! alt]nation ( ! iambic ) o!r metres & ! sub/itution ( o!r feet = ! iambus itself 7z commonly 9 ,horace74 ,x is probable t x only includes ! =m]1 be+ repeat$1 z reg>ds ,horace1 9 ! words quamquam illi epodos int]v5it4' ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,catullo4 ,cp4 ,fragm4 i4 ,at non effugies meos iambos4 ,! mo/ fam\s examples ( 8 ac]bitas are ! lampoons on ,julius ,caes>1 especially t conta9$ 9 ! tw5ty-n9? poem 7:]e see ,munro = an appreciation ( ! mean+ ( anci5t defamation & invective74 ,"h ,catullus appe>s z ! g5u9e successor ( ! e>ly ,greek iambic writ]s4 7,cp4 ! m (f5sive h5decasyllabics ( lvii47 ,^! are ! two poems :i* ,suetonius 7,caes> #gc7 reg>d$ z hav+ atta*$ an #8ev]la/+ /igma' to ! "n ( ,caes>3 cp4 liii4 ad f94 ,irasc]e it]um meis iambis ,imm]5tibus unice imp]ator4 ,sell>'s ,roman ,poets1 p4 #dca sq4 ,bibaculo4 ,m4 ,furius ,bibaculus 7b4 at ,cremona ,b4,c4 #ii71 l ,catullus1 ! au?or ( lampoons direct$ especially aga9/ ! mon>*i/s3 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #cd c>m9a ,bibaculi et ,catulli ref]ta contumeliis ,caes>um leguntur3 s$ ipse divus ,iulius1 ipse divus ,augu/us et tul]e i/a et reliqu]e4 ,"s apply to him ! words ( ,horace1 ,satires ii4 #e1 #dj1 sq4 seu p+ui t5tus omaso ,furius hib]nas cana nive conspuet ,alpes 7:]e ! s*olia/ cr$its him ) hav+ writt5 an acc\nt ( ! ,gallic ,w>73 also i4 #aj1 #cf ,turgidus #id ,alp9us iugulat dum ,memnona1--! nickname ,alp9us hav+ be5 giv5 to him on acc\nt ( ?is ludicr\s description ( ,jupit] sputt]+ sn[ ov] ! ,alps3 v4 ,qu9t4 viii4 #f1 #ag1 :]e ! orig9al l9e is quot$ z an in/ance ( a =c$ metaphor4 ,! ref]5ce 9 i4 #aj1 #cf is h[ev] d\btful2 & ,b]nh>dy 7,r4 ,l4 p4 #eff7 supposes t 9 bo? passages "s unkn[n poet is meant1 ^: "n may h be5 ,furius ,alp9us4 ,see ,teuffel1 ,r4 ,l4 i4 #cac4 illi1 sc4 iambo iambicis v]sibus4 epodos3 1 sc4 a %ort] 7iambic7 v]se1 alt]nat+ ) a long]4 ,epodi dicuntur v]sus quolibet modo scripti et sequ5tes clausulas hab5tes p>ticul>um quales sunt epodi ,horatii3 9 quibus s+ulis v]sibus s+ulae clausulae adiciuntur4444 ,dicti autem epodi a p>tibus v]suum1 quae legitimis et integris v]sibus 1 i4e4 acc9untur3 ,diom$es4 ,?\gh ! t]m epode includes all k9ds ( metre 7except elegiac7 9 :i* a long & a %ort l9e are comb9$1 x is us$ especially ( ! alt]nation ( ! iambic trimet] & dimet] 7,hor4 ,epod4 #a-aj74 ,horace himself 7:o has only "o poem--,epod4 #ag--;9 iambic trimet] by itself7 includes all 8 ,epodes "u ! head ( iambi3 ,epod4 #ad1 #g3 ,ep4 i4 #ai1 #bc-be ,p>ios ego primus iambos o/5di ,latio num]os animosque secutus ,ar*ilo*i3 cp4 ,c>4 i4 #af1 #c1 & esp4 #bc-be me quoque pectoris ,t5tavit 9 dulci iuv5ta ,f]vor et 9 cel]es iambos ,misit fur5tem4 ,9 ,ep4 ii4 #b1 #ei he divides 8 poetry into c>m9a--,odes3 iambi--,epodes3 & #8,bionei s]mones'--,satires4 ,( c\rse x 0 n ,horace :o introduc$ ! epode into ! ,ar*ilo*ean iambics3 ! =m 0 inv5t$ & us$ by ,ar*ilo*us himself4 ,see ,b]nh>dy1 p4 #fja4 legi dignus3 a poetical con/r41 :i* pass$ into ! prose ( ! ,silv] ,age3 cp4 ,pl94 ,paneg4 vii4 #d dignus alt] eligi alt] elig]e4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 v>ius figuris3 cp4 #fh s5t5tiis d5sus4 v]bis felicissime audax3 cp4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #df sq43 ,9 v]bis etiam t5uis cautusque s]5dis1 hoc amet1 hoc sp]nat promissi c>m9is auctor4 ,dix]is egregie notum si callida v]bum ,r$did]it iunctura novum1--:]e ,orelli gives1 z in/ances ( callida iunctura 9 ,horace himself1 ! well-kn[n phrases #8spl5dide m5dax1' #8insani5tis sapi5tiae consultus1' #8animae magnae prodigus4' ,cp4 ,petron4 ,sat4 #aah ,horatii curiosa felicitas4 ,ovid pron\nces 8 eulogy 9 ,tri/4 iv4 #aj1 #di ,t5uit no/ras num]osus ,horatius aures1 ,dum f]it ,ausonia c>m9a culta lyra4 ,caesius ,bassus3 m5tion$ by ,ovid 9 ! l9es imm$iately prec$+ ! passage j quot$1 ll4 #dg-h3 ,ponticus ,h]oo1 ,bassus quoque cl>us ,iambo1 ,dulcia convictus membra fu]e mei4 ,he 0 ! fri5d ( ,p]sius1 :o addresses 8 six? ,satire to him3 & at ! reque/ ( ,cornutus he edit$ ! :ole six1 aft] !y _h be5 prep>$ = publication by ! latt]4 ,he is said to h p]i%$ 9 ! eruption ( ,vesuvius 7,a4,d4 #gi71 :i* 0 fatal also to ! eld] ,pl9y4 ,he is probably ! ,bassus :o wrote a treatise on metres1 :i* /ill exi/s 9 an int]polat$ epitome3 ,keil4 ,gram4 ,lat4 vi4 #cje sq4--,= vidimus1 #8amisimus' & #8p]didimus' h be5 ne$lessly sugge/$4 +5ia viv5tium3 cp4 sunt cl>i hodieque #id above4 ,x is only 9 fav\r ( ,domitian #ia t ,qu9t4 breaks 8 rule n to m5tion liv+ writ]s4 ,hild suspects ,qu9t4 ( a little #8log-roll+' 9 ^! complim5ts4 ,i3#ig ,trago$iae scriptores vet]um ,attius atque ,pacuvius cl>issimi #ie gravitate s5t5ti>um1 v]borum pond]e1 auctoritate p]son>um4 #if ,cet]um nitor et summa 9 excol5dis op]ibus manus magis vid]i pote/ temporibus quam ipsis defuisse2 virium tam5 ,attio plus tribuitur1 ,pacuvium vid]i doctiorem qui esse docti adfectant volunt4 #ig4 ,trago$iae scriptores4 ,qu9t4 did n consid] x necess>y = 8 purpose to take any acc\nt ( ! fir/ beg9n+s ( trag$y1 o!rwise he w\ld h m5tion$ ,livius ,&ronicus 7#bhd-bjd71 ,naevius 7#bce71 & ,ennius himself1 :o 0 probably almo/ z great 9 trag$y z 9 n>rative poetry4 ,x 0 #ie ,ennius :o fir/ impress$ on ,roman trag$y ! deeply moral & highly didactic "* :i* x bore d[n to ! age ( ,cic]o4 ,he made x 8 endeav\r to hold up patt]ns ( h]oic virtue to 8 audi5ce & to inspire !m ) "r ideas ( life4 ,ev5 8 adaptations f ! ,greek 7ne>ly half ( ! extant names ( 8 trag$ies sugge/ subjects tak5 f ! ,trojan cycle7 are fir$ ) ! truly national _s :i* he succe$$ 9 h&+ on to 8 successors1 ,attius & ,pacuvius4 ,ennius also wrote "s praetextatae 7i4e4 national trag$ies on hi/oric subjects ( poetic int]e/1 e4g4 ! ,rape ( ! ,sab9e ,wom572 & 9 view ( ?is fact x may appe> /range t 8 example 0 n m widely foll[$1 s t ^! national dramas %\ld h outliv$ ! hackney$ subjects drawn f ,greek leg5d4 ,! reason probably is t !re 0 too mu* p>ty life 9 ,rome to make ! dramatic treatm5t ( ! national hi/ory equally acceptable to all4 ,few incid5ts c\ld h be5 dramatis$ t w\ld n h excit$ v>i\s feel+s 9 ! he>ts ( an audi5ce1 say1 9 ! times ( ! ,grac*i4 ,"u ! ,empire ! free treatm5t ( ! national hi/ory = dramatic purposes 0 positively disc\rag$1 & "u ! ,republic ! ,s5ate _h ex]cis$ almo/ z sev]e a political c5sor%ip z ! ,emp]or did 9 lat] times4 ,f _m po9ts ( view x might h be5 expect$ t trag$y w\ld h f\nd a cong5ial home at ,rome4 ,!re 0 mu* 9 ! national "*1 hi/ory1 & in/itutions t 0 fav\rable to its gr[?4 ,! speculative elem5t & ! deep spiritual int]e/ :i* p]vades ,greek trag$y mu/ no d\bt h be5 abs5t2 ?\gh ,s*legel ?\ght t ! place ( ,nemesis c\ld naturally h be5 tak5 by ! idea ( ,religio1 9 s f> z x compreh5d$ ! subord9ation ( ! individual to ! ,/ate1 & 8 supreme self-surr5d]4 ,b trag$y fl\ri%$ at ,rome only dur+ a comp>atively %ort p]iod3 ! populace probably fail$ to rise to ! dem&s made on !m by its l(ty & s]i\s purpose4 ,_! ta/es became m & m e/rang$ f x1 z gladiatorial & spectacul> %[s grew 9 fav\r2 & appreciation ( ! drama came to be ! pro( ( ! culture ( a small & exclusive class4 ,b ! popul>ity :i* x enjoy$ = a "t mu/ h be5 due to ! fact t1 ?\gh ! subjects 7 g5]ally adapt$ f ! ,greek1 ,roman trag$y came to h a "* ( its own4 ,x appeal$ to ! e?ical & political sympa?ies ( ! audi5ce1 & satisfi$ t ta/e = rhetoric :i* l$ aft]w>ds to ! developm5t ( ,lat9 oratory4 ,!re may h be5 ab\t x no subtle analysis ( "*1 no l(ty del9eation ( ! action & passion ( m5 entangl$ 9 ! me%es ( a de/9y :i* !y c\ld nei!r und]/& nor unravel2 b x seems to h embodi$ all ! manly feel+ & moral dignity ( :i* ! nation 0 capable4 ,by its vigor\s rhetoric x may be said at lea/ to h help$ to develop ! language = use 9 ^? dep>tm5ts 9 :i* x a*iev$ s great success1 i4e4 oratory1 hi/ory1 & philosophical composition4 ,& :5 "u ! ,empire lit]ature _h become altoge!r divorc$ f practical life1 ! composition ( trag$ies 0 /ill a fav\rite practice ) _m 7e4g4 ,s5eca7 :o recognis$ 9 t pursuit an appropriate sph]e = ! rhetorical /yle :i* 0 !n s mu* 9 vogue4 ,attius ,l41 7#agj-;ab\t #ij ,b4,c47 %\ld h come aft] ,pacuvius1 z be+ fifte5 ye>s y\ng]4 ,he produc$ 8 fir/ play 9 conjunction ) ,pacuvius1 cir4 #adj4 ,we h ! titles ( ab\t fifty ( 8 dramas1 & ! fragm5ts extant conta9 "s #gjj v]ses4 ,he seems to h _h pretty mu* ! same qualities z ,ennius & ,pacuvius1 manly s]i\sness ( /yle comb9$ ) f]v\r ( _s4 ,cic]o1 :o is said to h conv]s$ ) him 9 8 boyhood1 & o!rs1 be> witness to 8 oratorical =ce1 8 gravity1 & passionate en]gy3 pro ,plancio1 #ei gravis et +5iosus poeta3 pro ,se/4 #abj summus poeta3 ,ovid1 ,am4 i4 #ae1 #ai animosi ,attius oris3 ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #ee-f ,ambigitur quoti5s ut] utro sit prior1 auf]t ,pacuvius docti famam s5is1 ,accius alti4 ,sell>'s ,rom4 ,poets1 pp4 #adf-g4 ,qu9tilian gives a %rewd answ] ( 8 7v4 #ac1 #dc73 aiunt ,attium int]rogatum cur causas non ag]et1 cum apud eum 9 trago$iis tanta vis esset optime respond5di1 hanc r$didisse rationem3 quod illic ea dic]5tur quae ipse vellet1 9 =o dicturi adv]s>ii ess5t quae m9ime vellet4 ,pacuvius1 ,m4 7#bbj-acb71 ! son ( ,ennius's si/]4 ,( prov9cial bir? 78 bir?-place 0 ,brundisium71 he c\ld #if n1 accord+ to ,cic]o1 boa/ ! pure ,lat9ity :i* 0 ! pride ( ,naevius & ,plautus3 ,brut4 #beh ,caecilium et ,pacuvium male locutos videmus4 ,b 9 ,orat4 #cf an imag9>y op9ion is giv5 z foll[s3--omnes apud hunc ornati elaboratique v]sus1 multa apud alt]um 7,ennium7 negleg5tius4 ,m>tial 7xi4 #ij71 address+ a wrong-head$ admir] ( ! old poets1 je]s at him = delight+ 9 ar*aisms1--,attonitusque legis t]rai frugif]ai ,attius et quidquid ,pacuviusque vomunt4 ,we h ab\t #djj l9es extant1 :i* are discuss$ 9 ,sell>'s ,roman ,poets1 & also by ,ribbeck 7,rmis*e ,tragdie1 pp4 #baf-cci74 ,! epi!t doctus1 9 ! use ( :i* ,horace & ,qu9tilian agree1 probably ref]s to 8 wide acqua9tance ) ,greek lit]ature3 see bel[4 cl>issimi3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 nitor3 v4 on #gi3 & cp4 #cc1 #hc1 #ih1 #aac3 #abd cultus ac nitor4 summa manus3 ,cic4 ,brut4 #abf manus extrema 7! #8f9i%+ t\*'7 non accessit op]ibus eius3 ,cp4 i4 pr4 #d quasi p]fectis omni alio g5]e doctr9ae summam inde eloqu5tiae manum impon]5t4 ,see on #ba4 magis 444 temporibus3 b see ,cic]o1 ,brut4 l4c4 ,aetatis illius i/a fuit laus1 tamquam innoc5tiae1 sic lat9e loqu5di 444 omnes tum f]e 444 recte loquebantur4 virium ,attio3 cp4 ,ovid's #8animosi oris1' quot$ above3 ,vell4 ,pat]c4 ii4 #i adeo quidem ut 9 illis limae 9 hoc pa5e plus videatur fuisse sangu9is4 ,p]sius is less complim5t>y1 ,brisaei 444 v5osus lib] ,acci 7#a1 #gf71 ! #8%rivell$ volume ( ! old ,bac*anal ,accius4'--,qu9tilian is "h only record+ curr5t lit]>y op9ion3 b su* ref]5ces z ^? at i4 #e1 #fg3 #g1 #ad3 #h1 #aa3 v4 #aj1 #hd3 #ac1 #dc g f> to prove indep5d5t k4 doctiorem3 cp4 ,horace's #8docti famam s5is1' quot$ above4 esse docti adfectant3 = ! con/r4 cp4 #gb m]uit cr$i secundus3 ,introd4 p4 lvi4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #i1 #g noris nos1 inquit1 docti sumus1 :]e ,pr(essor ,wilk9s rem>ks3 8,! epi!t ( doctus 0 especially assum$ by ^? :o 7 v]s$ 9 ,greek lit]ature & my?ology1 especially ! products ( ! ,alex&r9e s*ool40 ,x aptly *>act]ises ! artificial t5d5cies ( ! lit]ature ( ! ,empire4 ,iam--a =mula ( transition4 ,kr4#c sugge/s ,nam3 see on #ab4 ,i3#ih ,iam ,v>i ,?ye/es cuilibet ,graec>um comp>>i pote/4 ,ovidi ,m$ea videtur mihi o/5d]e quantum ille vir prae/>e potu]it si +5io suo imp]>e quam indulg]e #ig maluisset4 ,eorum quos vid]im longe pr9ceps ,pomponius ,secundus1 quem s5es quidem p>um tragicum putabant1 eruditione ac nitore prae/>e confitebantur4 #ih4 ,l4 ,v>ius ,rufus 7#fd ,b4,c4-#i ,a4,d471 ! fri5d ( ,v]gil & ,horace 7,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #e1 #dj3 #f1 #ee71 enjoy$ a high reputation z an epic poet be=e he took up trag$y4 ,macrobius 7vi4 #a1 #ci sq43 i4 #b1 #ai sq47 gives twelve hexamet]s ( 8 f an epic poem on ,caes>'s dea?3 h5ce ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #ea =te epos ac] ut nemo ,v>ius ducit4 ,f a ,panegyricus ,augu/i ,horace is said to h borr[$ ! v]ses :i* occur ,ep4 i4 #af1 #bg-bi4 ,cp4 ! ode address$ to ,agrippa 7i4 #f7 ,scrib]is ,v>io 444 ,maeonii c>m9is alite4 ,he is m5tion$ z an epic poet toge!r ) ,v]gil1 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #adg3 ,a4 ,p4 #ee4 ,8 trag$y ,?ye/es 0 p]=m$ at ! games aft] ! battle ( ,actium 7,b4,c4 #bi74 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ab ,nec ullus ,as9ii aut ,messallae lib] tam illu/ris e/ quam ,m$ea ,ovidii aut ,v>ii ,?ye/es3 ,phil>gyr4 on ,v]g4 ,ecl4 viii4 #aj ,v>ium cuius ex/at ,?ye/es trago$ia1 omnibus tragicis praef]5da4 ,a quotation f x is giv5 iii4 #h1 #de4 ,he edit$ ! ,a5eid aft] ,v]gil's dea?1 along ) ,plotius & ,tucca3 probably prefix+ ! biographical sket* f :i* ,qu9tilian quotes x4 #c1 #h4 ,graec>um1 sc4 fabul>um4 ,m$ea3 a quotation f x is giv5 viii4 #e1 #f s]v>e potui3 p]d]e an possim rogas8 quantum potu]it 444 si maluisset3 cp4 #fb4 ,! use ( ! p]f4 subj4 9 su* a s5t5ce corresponds to ! use ( ! pf4 ind4 9 oratio recta ) v]bs imply+ possibility1 duty1 "r1 c41 z if to express ! idea m unconditionally3 e4g4 del]i totus ex]citus potuit si fugi5tes p]secuti victores ess5t 7,livy xxxii4 #ab71 ,s ,v5tum erat eo ut si ho/em similem antiquis ,mac$onum regibus habuisset consul magna clades accipi potu]it 7,livy xliv4 #d74 ,roby1 #aefh4 +5io imp]>e3 cp4 nimium amator +5ii sui #hh4 #ig quos vid]im1 #aah4 ,! subj4 seems to be us$ "h on ! analogy ( ! qui ( re/riction & limitation 7,roby #afib73 omnium quidem oratorum1 quos quidem ego cognov]im1 acutissimum iudico ,q4 ,s]torium ,brut4 #dh3 cp4 #fe4 ,! indic4 is also us$3 9 iis etiam quos ipsi vidimus xii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,pomponius ,secundus und]w5t an imprisonm5t ( sev]al ye>s' duration on acc\nt ( 8 fri5d%ip ) ,aelius ,gallus1 son ( ,sejanus3 ,tac4 ,ann4 v4 #h multa morum elegantia et +5io illu/ri3 ibid4 xi4 #ac3 xii4 #bh1 :]e we are told t he obta9$ a triumph "u ,claudius1--modica p>s famae eius apud po/]o1 9 quis c>m9um gloria praecellit3 ,dial4 xiii1 ne no/ris quidem temporibus ,secundus ,pomponius ,afro ,domitio vel dignitate vitae vel p]petuitate famae cess]it4 ,"o ( 8 plays 0 call$ #8,a5eas4' ,he di$ #fj ,a4,d4 p>um tragicum3 contra/ ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #aff ,nam spirat tragicum satis et felicit] audet4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#ii ,9 como$ia maxime claudicamus4 ,licet ,v>ro ,musas1 ,aeli ,/ilonis s5t5tia1 #ih ,plaut9o dicat s]mone locuturas fuisse1 si ,lat9e loqui vell5t1 licet ,caecilium vet]es laudibus f]ant1 licet ,t]5ti scripta ad ,scipionem ,africanum ref]antur 7quae tam5 sunt 9 hoc #ii g5]e elegantissima1 et plus adhuc habitura gratiae si intra v]sus trimetros /etiss5t71 #ii4 maxime claudicamus4 ,no d\bt ?is dictum mu/ be tak5 z imply+ t #8! educat$ ta/e ( ,romans "u ! ,empire did n f9d mu* t 0 cong5ial 9 ! works ( ,plautus1 ,caecilius1 or ,t]5ce' 7,sell>1 ,r4 ,p4 p4 #aed74 ,b ,qu9tilian mu/ also h be5 biass$ by a comp>ison ) ,greek ,com$y1 ( ! sup]iority ( :i* we c h only an imp]fect appreciation1 ow+ to ! scant9ess ( ! survivals2 :ile 9 depreciat+ ,roman ,com$y1 z comp>$ ) ,trag$y1 he also _h ! advantage ov] u ( a full acqua9tance ) ! :ole range ( ! latt]4 ,moreov]1 x 0 ,satire1 n ,com$y1 t repres5t$ at ,rome mu* ( ! _s ( ! old ,com$y ( ,a!ns4 ,horace1 too1 is m sev]e on ,plautus ?an on ,ennius & ! tragic poets 7,ep4 ii4 #a1 #agj3 ,a4 ,p4 #bgj sq474 ,aga91 9 ,qu9tilian's day ! ,mimus _h s completely re-ass]t$ its position t ! production ( com$ies seems to h almo/ entirely ceas$4 8,com$y 0 n cong5ial to ! educat$ or ! un$ucat$ ta/e ( ,romans 9 ! la/ ye>s ( ! ,republic1 & 9 ! e>ly ,empire4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! popul>ity enjoy$ by ! old com$y betwe5 ! "t ( ,naevius & ( ,t]5ce1 & ev5 d[n to ! e>li] half ( ! ,cic]onian age1 :5 "s ( ! great p>ts 9 ,plautus cont9u$ to be p]=m$ by ! #8accompli%$ ,roscius1' & ! admiration express$ = its au?ors by gramm>ians & critics1 f ,aelius ,/ilo d[n to ,v>ro & ,cic]o1 %[s its adaptation to an e>li] & n less vigor\s1 if less ref9$ /age ( intellectual developm5t2 :ile ! actual survival ( _m ,roman com$ies c only be acc\nt$ = by a m real adaptation to human nature1 bo? 9 /yle & sub/ance1 ?an 0 atta9$ by ,roman trag$y 9 its /ra9+ aft] a high] ideal ( s5tim5t & expression40 ,sell>1 ,roman ,poets l4c4 ,musas4 ,to ?is ,muretus add$ #8,ne illae saepe1 si ,plaut9o m loqu]5tur1 m]etricio magis quam virg9ali m loqu]5tur4' ,= ! epigram cp4 ,plato on ,ari/ophanes 4 ,aeli ,/ilonis1 ! fir/ ,roman philologi/ 7#add-gj ,b4,c474 ,8 "n 0 ,l4 ,aelius ,praecon9us3 he receiv$ ! additional cognom5 ,/ilo on ! gr\nd ( 8 lit]>y em95ce4 ,suet1 de ,gramm4 #b ,aelius cognom9e duplici fuit2 nam et ,praecon9us1 quod pat] eius praeconium fec]at1 vocabatur1 et ,/ilo1 quod orationes nobilissimo cuique scrib]e solebat4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bje scribebat tam5 orationes quas alii dic]5t3 & above1 fuit is omn9o vir egregius et eques ,romanus cum primis hone/us idemque eruditissimus et ,graecis litt]is et ,lat9is1 antiquitatisque no/rae et 9 inv5tis rebus et 9 actis scriptorumque vet]um litt]ate p]itus4 ,quam sci5tiam ,v>ro no/] acceptam ab illo auctamque p] sese 444 pluribus et illu/rioribus litt]is explicavit4 ,v>ro ap4 ,gell4 ,n4 ,a4 i4 #ah1 #b ,l4 ,aelius no/]1 litt]is ornatissimus memoria no/ra3 & ,l4 ,l4 vii4 #b homo 9 primis 9 litt]is lat9is ex]citatus4 ,v>ro 0 8 pupil2 & we are told by ,gellius 7iii4 #c1 #a7 t bo? ma/] & pupil made li/s ( ! plays ( ,plautus1 ,v>ro di/+ui%+ 8 classes accord+ to 8 p]sonal feel+ & judgm5t z to :e!r a play 0 wor?y ( ,plautus or n4 ,cic]o tells #ih u 7l4c47 t 9 8 y\? he 0 a v dilig5t /ud5t "u ,aelius2 & z ,lucilius address$ "s ( 8 satires to him he may be look$ on z a bond ( connection betwe5 ! two epo*s4 s5t5tia3 abl4 by itself1 aft] ! analogy ( mea1 tua1 s5t5tia4 ,v>ro took ! criticism f 8 ma/]4 vell5t3 ! possibility is look$ ^u z /ill pres5t4 ,plaut9o s]mone4 ,plautus 7#bed-ahd7 fills a v di/9ct place 9 ! developm5t ( ,lat9 com$y4 ,he engraft$ ! fe/ive traditions ( ! ,italian f>ce on ! lit]>y =m :i* he borr[$ f ,greece1 produc+ a picture ( ,roman life & mann]s :i* secur$ = 8 dramas a degree ( popul>ity t caus$ !m to be repres5t$ almo/ un9t]rupt$ly d[n ev5 to ! f\r? c5tury ( our era4 ,mod]n com$y is "u deep obligations to him if only = 8 _s ( unre/ra9$ fun4 ,see ,b]nh>dy1 p4 #deb sq43 ,teuffel #hd-hh3 ,cruttwell's ,rom4 ,lit4 pp4 #dc-dh3 & ,sell>'s ,roman ,poets1 p4 #ahi sq4 ,caecilius1 ,/atius 7#bai-aff71 an ,insubrian ,gaul by bir?1 & contempor>y ) ,ennius4 ,fragm5ts ( 8 plays are pres]v$ by ,gellius1 :o tells u 7xv4 #bd7 t ,volcatius ,s$igitus 7a critic :o probably belong$ to ! e>li] "p ( ! fir/ c5tury1--,rits*l1 ,p>]ga1 p4 #bdj sq47 plac$ him at ! head ( all ! ,roman comic poets3 ,caecilio palmam /atuo d&am comico1 ,plautus secundus facile exsup]at cet]os4 ,! ?ree next are ,naevius1 ,lic9ius1 & ,atilius2 ,t]5ce comes only six? on ! li/4 ,cic]o incl9es to ! same v]dict3 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,orat4 #a itaque licet dic]e et ,ennium summum epicum poetam1 si cui ita videtur3 et ,pacuvium tragicum3 et ,caecilium =tasse comicum4 ,b else:]e he c5sures 8 prov9cial /yle3 ,brutus1 #beh ,caecilium et ,pacuvium male locutos videmus3 ad4 ,att4 vii4 #c1 #aj malus enim auctor ,lat9itatis e/4 ,= o!r quotations v4 de ,orat4 ii #dj3 ,lael4 #ii3 de ,s54 #if3 de ,f94 i4 #d4 ,nonius 7p4 #cgd7 quotes ,v>ro z say+ ,9 argum5tis ,caecilius poscit palmam1 9 e!si ,t]5tius1 9 s]monibus ,plautus4 ,horace's criticism 7,ep4 ii4 #a1 #eg7 is /ill m famili>3 ,dicitur ,afrani toga conv5isse ,m5&ro1 ,plautus ad exempl> ,siculi prop]>e ,epi*>mi1 ,v9c]e ,caecilius gravitate1 ,t]5tius arte4 ,by gravitas ,horace probably means ! s5t5ti\s maxims = :i* he 0 di/+ui%$ 7,sell>1 p4 #bjb74 ,see ,momms51 ii4 #dda4 ,caecilius imitat$ ,m5&] ma9ly1 to :om ,gellius comp>es him 7ii4 #bc71 :ile admitt+ ! sup]iority ( 8 ,greek model4 ,he is said nei!r to h amus$ 8 audi5ce1 l ,plautus1 by conf\nd+ ,greek & ,roman t]ms1 mann]s1 & cu/oms1 c41 nor l ,t]5ce1 on ! o!r h&1 to h c>efully excis$ ev]y?+ t did n accord ) ,roman usage4 ,he is said also to h recognis$ ! division ( ta/es & int]e/s t 0 n[ spr++ up at ,rome1 & to h begun to address only ! high] classes1 to :om ,plautus _h appeal$ along ) #8! gall]y4' laudibus f]ant1 = ! ,cic]onian eff]ant3 ,tac4 ,ann4 ii4 #ac4 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 l4 ,t]5tii scripta 444 elegantissima4 ,! gap betwe5 ! classes at ,rome1 allud$ to above1 _h wid5$ 9 ! int]val t sep>ates ,plautus f ,t]5ce 7cir4 #aid-aei ,b4,c474 ,! educat$ class 0 gr[+ m ref9$ & fa/idi\s "u ! leav5+ influ5ce ( ,greek culture1 :ile ! un$ucat$ section ( ! p 0 gradually becom+ co>s] & m debas$4 ,a lead+ memb] ( ! ,scipionic circle1 he may be said to h begun ! movem5t by :i* ! creations ( ! g5ius ( ,rome became m p]fect z works ( art address$ to a small] circle ( m5 ( rank & education1 b lo/ also some?+ ( directness ( purpose z hav+ less be>+ on ! passions & int]e/s ( ! "t4 ,! gr[+ appreciation ( ,greek lit]ature _h produc$ a s5se ( dissatisfaction ) ! unc\? ef=ts ( a previ\s age2 & elegance ( /yle1 ! cultivation ( ref9em5t & ta/e 9 ?\ght & language1 7 ! objects n[ aim$ at4 ,!re is di/9ctly less ( ! droll]y ( ! tav]n ab\t ,t]5ce ?an ab\t ,plautus4 ,! #8art' ) :i* ,horace cr$its him 7v4 above7 is se5 9 ! c>eful f9i% ( 8 /yle4 ,cp4 ,caes>'s l9es1 quot$ by ,sueton4 ,vit4 ,t]5t41 9 :i* he calls him puri s]monis amator1 & dimidiate ,m5&]4 ,see ,sell>1 p4 #bjh sq43 ,momms51 vol4 iii4 p4 #ddi sq4 ad ,scipionem ,africanum4 ,cp4 ,sueton4 ,vit4 ,t]4 7,ro?4 p4 #bic7 non obscura fama #ii e/ adiutum ,t]5tium 9 scriptis a ,laelio et ,scipione1 eamque ipse auxit nunquam nisi levit] refut>e conatus1 ut 9 prologo ,adelphorum3 ,nam quod i/i dicunt malevoli1 hom9es nobiles ,hunc adiut>e adsidueque una scrib]e1 c4 ,! rum\r may h aris5 f ! fact ( 8 ,c>?ag9ian orig91 :i* r5d]s all ! m rem>kable ! success ) :i* he cultivat$ a ref9$ & elegant /yle4 plus adhuc etiam plus3 see on #ga4 habitura4 ,= ?is use ( ! fut4 "p1 9 a conditional s5t5ce cp4 xi4 #a1 #gd detracturus alioqui plurimum auctoritatis sibi si eum se esse qui tem]e noc5tes reos suscip]et fat]etur4 ,s too #aai bel[ 7)\t a si clause73 pronuntiatio vel sca5is suffectura4 intra v]sus trimetros4 ,?is is a curi\s criticism1 b x c be p>allel$ f ,priscian1 de ,metris ,t]5tii3 quosdam vel abneg>e esse 9 ,t]5tii como$iis metra1 vel ea quasi arcana qua$am et ab omnibus doctis semota sibi solis esse cognita confirm>e4 ,! vag>ies ( comic prosody 7 c]ta9ly n appreciat$ by anci5t critics3 !y c\ld n excuse :at to !m seem$ c>elessness & undue fre$om f con/ra9t3 cp4 ,cic]o1 ,orat4 #ahd at comicorum s5>ii propt] similitud9em s]monis sic saepe sunt abiecti ut nonnunquam vix 9 eis num]us et v]sus intellegi possit4 ,qu9tilian & o!rs w\ld no d\bt h pref]r$ a /rict] imitation ( ,m5&]'s v]sification4 ,horace himself took ! same po9t ( view 9 writ+ ab\t ,plautus1 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #bgb si modo ego et vos 444 legitimumque sonum digitis callemus et aure4 ,cp4 ,b]nh>dy1 #cbe n4 & #cej n4 ,i3#ajj vix levem consequimur umbram3 adeo ut mihi s]mo ipse ,romanus non recip]e videatur illam solis concessam ,atticis v5]em1 cum eam ne ,graeci quidem 9 alio g5]e l+uae suae obt9u]9t4 ,togatis excellit ,afranius3 ut9am non inqu9asset argum5ta pu]orum fo$is amoribus mores suos fassus4 #ajj #ajj4 vix levem 444 umbram3 a prov]bial expression1 f ! same disp>ag+ po9t ( view z claudicamus1 above4 alio g5]e l+uae suae1 i4e4 ano!r dialect4 ,! *>m ref]r$ to is ! peculi> prop]ty ( ,attic writ]s g5]ally1--n ! comic poets alone4 ,lat9 is too =mal & rhetorical to fall into ! simple naturalness & directness ( ,attic ,greek4 ,= suae see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,togatis1 sc4 fabulis4 ,! ,como$iae ,togatae 7?\gh f\nd$ on ,greek models7 aspir$ to be ?or\ghly national 9 dress1 mann]s1 & tone3 quae scriptae sunt secundum ritus et habitum togatorum1 i4e4 ,romanorum 7,diom4 iii4 p4 #dhi74 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! ,palliatae ( ,plautus1 ,caecilius & ,t]5ce 7s call$ f pallium1 ! ,greek actor's cloak1 xi4 #c1 #adc71 all ! surr\nd+s are meant to be ,greek1 ?\gh mu* ( ! fun ( ! ,plaut9e com$y is ! result ( ! inconsi/5cies t sprang f ! introduction into ,greek circum/ances ( ,roman names1 sc5es1 mann]s1 & *>act]s4 ,afranius1 fl4 cir4 #aej ,b4,c4 ,he 0 ! *ief writ] ( togatae1 & began to aim at gett+ rid altoge!r ( ,greek surr\nd+s3 & s com$y1 desc5d+ into ! l[ hum\rs ( ,italian c\ntry life1 & specially ! debau*]ies ( ! ,italian t[ns1 rapidly deg5]at$ into f>ce4 ,he borr[$ freely f ,m5&]3 dicitur ,afrani toga conv5isse ,m5&ro1 ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #eg1--#8,m5&]'s spee*es came v well f ! *>act]s ( ,afranius4' ,cic4 de ,f94 i4 #c1 #g4 ,b he did n conf9e 8 att5tions to ,m5&] only3 ,macrob4 ,sat4 vi4 #a1 #d ,afranius togat>um scriptor 444 non inv]ecunde respond5s argu5tibus quod plura sumpsisset a ,m5&ro1 #8,fateor1' inquit1 #8sumpsi non ab illo modo s$ ut quisque habuit conv5iret quod mihi1 quodque me non melius fac]e cr$idi1 etiam a ,lat9o4' ,cic]o1 ,brut4 #afg ,l4 ,afranius poeta1 homo p]>gutus1 9 fabulis quidem etiam1 ut scitis1 dis]tus4 ut9am non1 i4 #b1 #f3 ix4 #c1 #a3 m usually ut9am ne3 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 #e1 #ag illud ut9am ne v]e scrib]em3 ,catull4 #fd1 #aga4 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 cites h[ev] ,cic4 ad ,att4 xi4 #i1 #c haec ad te die natali meo scripsi3 quo ut9am susceptus non essem aut ne quid ex eadem matre po/ea natum esset4 fo$is amoribus3 cp4 ,auson4 ,epigr4 #ajj #ga vitiosa libido 444 quam toga facundi sc5is agitavit ,afrani4 ,i3#aja ,at non hi/oria cess]it ,graecis4 ,nec oppon]e ,?ucydidi ,sallu/ium v]e>1 nec indignetur sibi ,h]odotus aequ>i ,titum ,livium1 cum 9 n>r&o mirae iucunditatis cl>issimique c&oris1 tum 9 contionibus supra quam en>r>i pote/ eloqu5tem3 #aja ita quae dicuntur omnia cum rebus1 tum p]sonis accommodata sunt3 adfectus quidem praecipueque eos qui sunt dulciores1 ut p>cissime dicam1 nemo hi/oricorum comm5davit magis4 #aja4 cess]it4 ,s #he auspicatissimum d$]it exordium3 cp4 cess]imus #hf4 ,!re is no ne$ = ,halm's sugge/ion 9 hi/oria cess]imus3 or ,spald+'s cess]im ) hi/oria 9 abl4 ,cp4 ,cic]o1 de ,legg4 i4 #b1 #e ut 9 hoc etiam g5]e ,graeciae nihil c$amus1 & ! :ole passage4 ,sallu/ium4 ,?is is a bold /atem5t4 ,sallu/ evid5tly accept$ ,?ucydides z 8 lit]>y model1 imitat+ 8 /yle1 & foll[+ him 9 8 spee*es & ! g5]al arrangem5t ( 8 "w4 7,capes' ,sallu/3 ,introd4 p4 #ac sq474 ,brevity 7cp4 illa ,sallu/iana brevitas #cb7 is a conspicu\s feature 9 bo?3 b ! brevity ( ,?ucydides is greatly ! result ( inability to keep pace ) ! ru% ( ?\ght1 :]eas t ( ,sallu/ is (t5 lab\r$ & artificial1 & is atta9$ by consci\s processes ( excision & compression4 ,cp4 iv4 #b1 #de vit&a e/ etiam illa ,sallu/iana 7quamquam 9 ipso virtutis obt9et locum7 brevitas et abruptum s]monis g5us3 ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #aad1 #ag ,sallu/io vig5te amputatae s5t5tiae et v]ba ante exspectatum cad5tia et obscura brevitas fu]e pro cultu3 ,aul4 ,gell4 iii4 #a1 #f ,sallu/ium subtilissimum brevitatis artificem4 ,8 ,grecisms are ref]r$ to by ,qu9t4 ix4 #c1 #ag ex ,graeco v]o translata vel ,sallu/ii plurima4 ,accord+ to ,suetonius 7,gramm4 #aj extr47 ,ateius exhort$ ,as9ius ,pollio 7ut7 vitet maxime obscuritatem ,sallu/ii et audaciam 9 translationibus4 ,= ! high e/eem 9 :i* he 0 held 9 antiquity cp4 ,velleius ii4 #cf1 #b aemulum ,?ucydidi ,sallu/ium3 ,tacitus1 ,ann4 iii4 #cj r]um ,roman>um flor5tissimus auctor3 ,m>tial xiv4 #aia primus ,romana ,crispus 9 hi/oria4 ,see ,teuffel #bjc-bje4 ,9 mod]n times ,milton exalt$ him above ,tacitus1 say+ ( ! latt] t #88 highe/ praise consi/s 9 8 hav+ imitat$ ,sallu/ ) all 8 might4' ,on ! o!r h& ,scalig] spoke ( ,sallu/'s /yle z #8anxium atque insiticium dic5di g5us4' ,titum ,livium4 ,qu9tilian's e/imate ( ,livy is v happily express$ s f> z x goes4 ,he ignores ( c\rse ! defects :i* are obvi\s to mod]n /ud5ts ( ,livy1--8 want ( t hi/oric s5se :i* %[s itself 9 ability to trace ! gradual developm5t ( in/itutions & to take a philosophic view ( g5]al political & social conditions1 8 indiff]5ce to ! scrupul\s collation & weigh+ ( evid5ce1 & 8 neglect ( *ronological & geographical precision4 ,munro 9 8 #8,criticisms & ,elucidations ( ,catullus' speaks ( ,livy's /yle z ! greate/ prose /yle t has ev] be5 writt5 9 any age or language1 & c]ta9ly x has all ! beauties :i* ,qu9tilian m5tions "h3 besides1 ! happy adaptation ( ! language to ! ev]-v>y+ phases ( ! subject is "o ( its greate/ *>ms4 ,teuffel1 #bea sq4 ,! be/ pro( ( ,livy's popul>ity 9 anci5t times may be f\nd 9 ! /ory ( ! man f ,gades1 ,pl9y1 ,ep4 ii4 #c1 #h ,nunquamne legi/i ,gaditanum qu5dam ,titi ,livi nom9e gloriaque commotum ad vis5dum eum ab ultimo t]r>um orbe v5isse /atimque ut vid]at abisse8 n>r&o 444 contionibus4 ,?is anti!sis is common 9 ,dionysius3 444 7ad ,pomp4 p4 #ggf ,r1 ,u4 pp4 #eh-i7 444 7,iud4 de ,?ucyd47 p4 #ieb ,r4 c&oris1 #8transp>5cy'3 ii4 #e1 #ai c&idissimum quemque et maxime expositum velim1 ut ,livium a pu]is magis quam ,sallu/ium3 etsi hic hi/oriae maior e/ auctor1 ad quem tam5 intelleg5dum iam pr(ectu opus sit3 #cb lactea ub]tas4 ,cp4 dulcis et c&idus et fusus ,h]odotus #gc1 :]e see note3 #aac nitidus et c&idus4--,9 a diff]5t s5se1 ,s5eca1 ,suas4 vi4 #bb1 ut e/ natura c&idissimus omnium magnorum +5iorum ae/imator ,t4 ,livius4 contionibus4 ,! spee*es are introduc$ 9 ord] to give a portrait ( "s "o 7xlv4 #be1 #c71 or to indicate motives 7viii4 #g3 iii4 #dg1 #e74 ,?\gh !y make no claim to hi/orical tru? 79 hanc s5t5tiam locutum accipio iii4 #fg1 #a71 !y g5]ally give a tru/wor?y picture ( ! circum/ances & "* ( ! speak]3 cp4 e4g4 vii4 #cd4 ,9 "s in/ances we c see h[ ,livy rhetorically #aja enl>ges on ! brief h9ts ( a pr$ecessor3 cp4 ,polyb4 iii4 #fd ) ,liv4 xxi4 #dj sq4 ,teuffel #beb1 #ab4 supra quam3 cp4 ,sall4 ,cat4 #e1 #c supra quam cuiquam cr$ibile e/3 ,iug4 #bd1 #e3 ,cic]o1 ,orator #aci saepe supra f]et quam fi]i posset 7cp4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 ii4 #acf74 ,qu9tilian has in5>rabilis xi4 #c1 #agg1 :i* occurs also 9 ,livy xliv4 #e1 #a3 xli4 #ae1 #b4 eloqu5tem3 viii4 #a1 #c ,tito ,livio1 mirae facundiae viro3 ,tac4 ,agr4 #aj ,livius vet]um ,fabius ,ru/icus rec5tium eloqu5tissimi auctores3 ,ann4 iv4 #cd ,t4 ,livius eloqu5tiae ac fidei praecl>us 9 primis3 ,s5eca1 de ,ira i4 #bj1 #f apud dis]tissimum virum ,livium4 adfectus3 #dh adfectus quidem1 vel illos mites vel hos concitatos3 #8! s(t] passions4' p>cissime3 cp4 bel[1 #d #d qui p>cissime3 xi4 #a1 #ff3 #c1 #ajj4 comm5davit magis3 #8has set 9 a fair] light1' #8repres5t$ m p]fectly' 7#8hat angemess5 und e9dr+li* d>ge/ellt4'--,bonnell-,mei/]74 ,spald+ felt a difficulty ab\t ?is ^w1 b rightly sugge/$ t x means #8approbavit suis lectoribus1'--a mean+ to :i* ut p>cissime dicam is q appropriate4 ,! ne>e/ p>allel is iv4 #a1 #ac ,nam tum dignitas eius 7litigatoris7 adlegatur1 tum comm5datur infirmitas 7#8set 9 a /rong light1' #8made mu* ('71--:]e too ! v]b is us$ absolutely1 )\t a dative4 ,! usual con/ruction is f\nd v4 #aa1 #ch mis]icordiam comm5dabo iudici4 ,9 ! s5se ( #8set (f' 7orn>e71 )\t a dat41 we h quae memoria complect]etur actio comm5d>et viii4 ,prooem4 #f3 qua$am 444 virtus haec sola comm5dat ix4 #d1 #ac3 hoc oratio recta1 illud figura decl9ata comm5dat x4 #e1 #h4--;,= ! read+ commodavit see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#ajb ,ideoque immortalem ,sallu/i velocitatem div]sis virtutibus consecutus e/4 ,nam mihi egregie dixisse videtur ,s]vilius ,nonianus1 p>es eos magis quam similes2 qui et ipse a #ajb nobis auditus e/ cl>us vi +5ii et s5t5tiis creb]1 s$ m9us pressus quam hi/oriae auctoritas po/ulat4 #ajb4 immortalem3 s #hf1 :]e x is m appropriate4 velocitatem3 #8rapid brevity4' ,x is ! quality :i* ,dionysius d5otes by p4 #hgj ,r4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,sat i4 #aj1 #i ,e/ brevitate opus ut currat s5t5tia1--quot$ on #gc brevis et semp] in/ans sibi ,?ucydides1 :]e see note4 ,ari/4 ,rhet4 iii4 #af1 #d 4 ,s cel]itas xii4 #aj1 #fe hanc vim et cel]itatem 9 ,p]icle miratur ,eupolis3 ,eupolis hav+ said ( ,p]icles 1 7,s*ol4 ,ari/oph4 ,a*>n4 #ece74 consecutus e/1 lit4 #8equall$ 9 po9t ( fame'3 ! real object is n velocitatem1 s t ! idea is awkw>dly express$4 ,qu9tilian means t by o!r good po9ts 7cp4 #gc div]sis virtutibus7 ,livy obta9$ a degree ( fame n inf]ior to :at ,sallu/ ga9$ by 8 #8velocitas4' ,x is 9 fact a bra*yology = #8immortalitatem illius ,sallu/ianae velocitatis4' ,cp4 ,cic4 ,phil4 xiv4 #ce p>em virtutis gloriam consecuta e/ 7legio73 ,qu9t4 iii4 #g1 #i quod immortalitatem virtute s9t consecuti4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,s]vilius ,nonianus4 ,9 m5tion+ 8 dea? 7,a4,d4 #fj7 along ) t ( ,domitius ,af] 7#hf71 ,tacitus says t he rivall$ ! latt]'s abilities & surpass$ 8 morals3--summis honoribus et multa eloqu5tia vigu]ant1 ille or&o causas1 ,s]vilius diu =o1 mox trad5dis rebus ,romanis celebris et elegantia vitae1 quam cl>iorem effecit1 ut p> +5io1 ita morum div]sus4 ,cp4 ,dial4 *4 #bc eloqu5tia 444 ,s]vilii ,noniani4 ,l mo/ ( ! ,roman hi/orians1 except ,livy1 he 0 a man ( affairs4 ,pl9y1 ,n4 ,h4 xxviii4 #b1 #e pr9ceps civitatis4 ,he 0 ! fri5d--possibly at "o "t ! tea*]--( ! satiri/ ,p]sius1 :o is said to h rev]5c$ him z a fa!r 7coluit ut patrem74 ,pl9y tells u 7,ep4 i4 #ac1 #c7 h[ ,claudius1 on he>+ ! ?und]s ( applause t greet$ 8 recitations1 ent]$ ! build+ & seat$ himself unobs]v$ among ! audi5ce3 memoria p>5tura ,claudium ,caes>em f]unt1 cum 9 palatio spati>etur &issetque clamorem1 causam requisisse1 cumque dictum esset recit>e ,nonianum1 subitum recitanti inop9antique v5isse4 et ipse4 ,qu9tilian _h n only read 8 works1 b _h he>d him3 he #ajb w\ld be betwe5 tw5ty & tw5ty-five :5 ,s]vilius di$4--,= et ipse see on #ca4 cl>us vi +5ii3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 s5t5tiis creb]2 cp4 #fh s5t5tiis d5sus4 ,= s5t5tiis 77 cp4 #fj #fa3 #b #ag4 ,he 0 full ( po9t & matt]1 b n concise enongh = ! dignity ( hi/ory4 ,= pressus v4 #dd4 ,i3#ajc ,quam paulum aetate praec$5s eum ,bassus ,aufidius egregie1 utique 9 libris belli ,g]manici1 prae/itit g5]e ipso1 probabilis 9 omnibus1 s$ 9 quibusdam suis ipse viribus m9or4 #ajc4 ,bassus ,aufidius4 ,tacitus m5tions him along ) ,s]vilius ,nonianus1 ,dial4 #bc1 :]e he speaks ( antiqu>ians #8quibus eloqu5tia ,aufidii ,bassi aut ,s]vilii ,noniani ex comp>atione ,sis5nae aut ,v>ronis sordet4' ,s5eca gives "s acc\nt ( him 9 8 ?irtie? lett]3 #a ,bassum ,aufidium1 virum optimum1 vidi quassum1 aetati obluctantem3 #c ,bassus tam5 no/] alac] animo e/4 hoc philosophia prae/at4 ,cp4 #e1 #aj1 #ad4 ,8 hi/ory probably end$ ) ! reign ( ,claudius1 at :i* po9t ,pl9y ! eld] took x up3 ,n4 ,h4 praef4 #bj diximus 444 temporum no/rorum hi/oriam1 orsi a f9e ,aufidii ,bassi4 ,! #8libri ,belli ,g]manici' may h be5 an indep5d5t "w4--,! practice ( plac+ ! cognom5 be=e ! g5tile "n grew "u ! ,empire3 _m in/ances are f\nd ev5 9 ,cic]o's lett]s1 b n 9 ! ord9>y prose ( ! ,republic2 cp4 #hf1 & ,introd4 p4 lv4 g5]e ipso #8g]ade dur* d5 ,/il' 7,kid]l97--z be+ suitable to hi/oriae auctoritas4 ,qu9tilian (t5 uses g5us 9 ?is s5se 7)\t dic5di73 (t5 ) an adj4 l rectum1 b (t5 also )\t1 e4g4 x4 #b1 #ah nov]am quosdam c43 #b #bc uni alicui g5]i4 ,= ! read+1 see ,crit4 ,notes4--,f ! specim5s 7on ! dea? ( ,cic]o7 giv5 by ,s5eca ! rhetorician 7,suas4 vi4 #ah & #bc71 we %\ld inf] t ! /yle ( ,bassus 0 r affect$ & pret5ti\s4 ,i3#ajd ,sup]e/ adhuc et exornat #ajc aetatis no/rae gloriam vir saeculorum memoria dignus1 qui olim nom9abitur1 nunc intellegitur4 ,habet amatores nec imm]ito ,cremuti lib]tas1 quamquam circumcisis quae dixisse ei nocu]at2 s$ elatum abunde spiritum et audaces s5t5tias depreh5das etiam 9 8 quae man5t4 ,sunt et alii scriptores boni1 s$ nos g5]a degu/amus1 non biblio!cas excutimus4 #ajd4 ,sup]e/4 ,! fact t ,cremutius put an end to 8 life 9 ,a4,d4 #be is suffici5t to disprove ! !ory t he is ref]r$ to "h3 sup]e/ :5 tak5 along ) exornat aetatis no/rae gloriam _c mean any?+ b sup]/es e/ 7cp4 sup]sunt #b #bh74--,! ,bonnell-,mei/] edition 7#ahhb7 und]/&s ! ref]5ce to be to ,tacitus3 b ?\gh admir]s ( ,tacitus w\ld l to appropriate = him ! phrase vir saeculorum memoria dignus1 ?is c h>dly be accept$4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! words sup]e/ adhuc are1 9 _! natural s5se1 inapplicable to "o :o _h n publi%$ any?+ :5 ,qu9tilian wrote 7ab\t #ic ,a4,d474 ,he has j spok5 ( ,s]vilius1 :o is kn[n to h di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #fj1 & ( ,aufidius1 :o 0 old & frail 9 ,s5eca's life-"t1 i4e4 be=e ,a4,d4 #fe3 & ?\gh x may be propos$ to take sup]e/ adhuc z mean+ simply #8,i h /ill to ref] to 7a liv+ writ]71' 7cp4 sup]sunt #abc71 9 :i* s5se ! words might apply to ,tacitus1 x seems extremely improbable t aft] speak+ ( a y\?ful contempor>y1 ,qu9tilian w\ld 9 ! next s5t5ce return to ,cremutius1 :o di$ z f> back z ,a4,d4 #be4 ,x might be argu$ t ! po9t ( ! passage is t1 aft] ?is indirect eulogy ( ,tacitus1 ! writ] means to imply t ! _s ( ,cremutius /ill survives 9 him3 #8!re is ) u n[ "o :o w aft]w>ds be fam\s b ( :om we may n speak at pres5t4 ,! indep5d5ce ( ,cremutius is /ill appreciat$4' ,b habet amatores w h>dly cov] ?is int]pretation3 x introduces a critique ( ,cremutius :i* has no relation to :at goes be=e4 ,& moreov] x is d\btful :e!r ,qu9tilian1 :o nev] m5tions any liv+ writ]1 except ,domitian1 w\ld h haz>d$ a ref]5ce to "o ^: anti-imp]ial t5d5cies mu/ h be5 s well kn[n 9 ,rome4 ,krg]'s supposition 7#crd ed4 p4 #ig7 t aft] adhuc ! "n ,tacitus has fall5 out1 or t we %\ld write #8sup]e/ ,tacitus et ornat1' is altoge!r out ( ! "q3 x w\ld q de/roy ! po9t ( ! s5t5ce 7nom9abitur 444 intellegitur74 ,x seems safe/1 !re=e1 to foll[ ^? :o ) ,nipp]dey 7,philol4 vi4 p4 #aic7 und]/& ! hi/orian "h meant to be ,fabius ,ru/icus4 ,x w\ld h be5 /range if ,qu9tilian _h omitt$ to m5tion him1 consid]+ 8 em95ce3 ,livius vet]um1 ,fabius ,ru/icus rec5tium eloqu5tissimi #ajc auctores1 ,tac4 ,agr4 #aj4 ,& :at he says fits ,fabius v well2 he 0 an intimate fri5d ( ,s5eca 7,tac4 ,ann4 xiii4 #bj sane ,fabius incl9at ad laudes ,s5ecae cuius amicitia floruit71 & f ! fact t he 0 made co-heir ) ,tacitus & ,pl9y 9 ! w ( ,dasumius we "k t he 0 /ill alive #ajh or #aji ,a4,d4 ,momms5 ?9ks t to him also is address$ ,pl9y1 ,ep4 ix4 #bi4 vir saeculorum memoria dignus3 ,cp4 #hj3 iii4 #g1 #ah +5iorum monum5ta1 quae saeculis prob>5tur3 xi4 #a1 #ac p]petua saeculorum admiratione celebrantur4 olim1 ( future "t1 z #id4 ,! writ] ref]r$ to w come actually to enjoy ! r5[n ( :i* ,qu9t4 "h decl>es him wor?y4 nunc intellegitur4 ,= ,qu9t4's rule n to m5tion liv+ writ]s cp4 iii4 #a1 #ba1 quot$ at #ie2 & = ! anti!sis betwe5 nom9abitur & intellegitur1 xi4 #a1 #aj maluit emim vir sapi5tissimus 7,socrates7 quod sup]esset ex vita sibi p]ire quam quod praet]isset4 ,et qu&o ab hom9ibus sui temporis p>um intellegebatur1 po/]orum se iudiciis res]vavit brevi detrim5to iam ultimae s5ectutis aevum saeculorum omnium consecutus4 ,cremuti lib]tas3 1 #fe1 #id4 ,cremutius ,cordus publi%$ a hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w>s & ( ! reign ( ,augu/us--unius saeculi facta1 ,s54 ,cons4 ad ,m>c4 #bf1 #e4 ,augu/us is said to h read ! "w1 or to h he>d x read1 )\t disapproval 7,dion4 #eg1 #bd1 #b2 ,sueton4 ,tib4 #fa74 ,he aft]w>ds incurr$ ! displeasure ( ,sejanus by "s bold rem>ks1 z1 = example1 :5 he said 9 reg>d to ! /atue ( ,sejanus :i* he 0 told ! ,s5ate _h resolv$ to erect 9 ,pompey's !atre1 re/or$ by ,tib]ius aft] a fire1 #8tunc v]e !atrum p]ire'--,s54 ,cons4 ad ,m>c4 #bb1 #d4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #be he 0 br\ght to trial #8novo ac tunc primum audito crim9e1 quod editis annalibus laudatoque ,m4 ,bruto ,c4 ,cassium ,romanorum ultimum dixisset' 7,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #cd sq474 ,f9d+ 8 case prejudg$1 aft] a spirit$ def5ce he w5t home & />v$ himself to dea?4 ,! ,s5ate ord]$ 8 books to be burn$3 #8s$ mans]unt1' says ,tacitus1 #8occultati et editi4' ,dion4 tells u t #8aft]w>ds 7i4e4 "u ,caligula7 !y 7 publi%$ aga91 = !y _h be5 pres]v$ by v>i\s p1 & p>ticul>ly by 8 daught] ,m>cia2 & !y 7 e/eem$ mu* m highly on acc\nt ( ! fate ( ,cordus' 7lvii4 #bd74 ,= ,m>cia v4 ,s5ecae ,consolatio ad ,m>ciam c4 #a4 ,suet4 ,calig4 #af tells u t ! suppress$ writ+s ( o!rs also 7,titus ,labi5us & ,cassius ,sev]us7 7 all[$ by ,caligula to come aga9 into circulation1 aft] a process ( edit+ simil> to t ref]r$ to by ,qu9t4 7circumcisis1 c474 ,tacitus's reflections on ! ineffectual attempt to de/roy ,cremutius's works are int]e/+ 9 connection ) our passage3 quo magis socordiam eorum inrid]e licet1 qui praes5ti pot5tia cr$unt ext+ui posse etiam sequ5tis aevi memoriam4 ,nam contra1 punitis +5iis gliscit auctoritas1 neque aliud ext]ni reges aut qui eadem saevitia usi sunt1 nisi d$ecus sibi atque illis gloriam pep]]e1 ,ann4 iv4 #ce ad f94 abunde3 us$ "h to emphasise elatum3 v4 on #id4 spiritus1 #dd1 #fa2 #c #bb4 ,! excisions & em5dations 9 reg>d to matt]s ( detail _h evid5tly n int]f]$ ) ! indep5d5t tone ( ,cremutius's writ+s4 alii scriptores1 3 ! ^w be+ us$ specially ( hi/orians4 ,he has n m5tion$ ,caes>1 or ,nepos1 or ,velleius1 or ,qu9tus ,curtius4 degu/amus3 #8dipp+ into'3 #e #bc in*oatae et quasi degu/atae4 ,! opposite is p]sequi3 #de g5]a ipsa lectionum 444 p]sequ>4 ,i3#aje ,oratores v]o vel praecipue ,lat9am eloqu5tiam p>em fac]e #ajd ,graecae possunt2 nam ,cic]onem cuicumque eorum =tit] opposu]im4 ,nec ignoro quantam mihi concitem pugnam1 cum #aje praes]tim non id sit propositi ut eum ,demo/h5i comp>em hoc tempore2 neque enim att9et1 cum ,demo/h55 9 primis leg5dum vel edisc5dum potius putem4 #aje4 p>em fac]e4 ,cic]o uses aequ>e 9 a passage ( ! ,brutus 7#ach71 9 :i*1 speak+ ( ,antonius & ,crassus1 he says3 nam ego sic exi/imo1 #ajd hos oratores fuisse maximos et 9 8 primum cum ,graecorum gloria ,lat9e dic5di copiam aequatam4 ,9 ! ,silv] ,age1 ! phrase p>ia fac]e commonly occurs = #8settl+ up'3 e4g4 nihil diff]amus4 cotidie cum vita p>ia faciamus ,s54 ,ep4 #aja1 #g4 ,a ne> p>allel to ! passage 9 ! text is ii4 #h1 #ac ea cura p>ia faciet iis 9 quibus em9ebat4--,o!r reff4 to ,cic]o's pre-em95ce are vi4 #c1 #a ,lat9ae eloqu5tiae pr9ceps3 xii4 #a1 #bj /etisse ipsum 7,cic]onem7 9 fa/igio eloqu5tiae fateor4 cuicumque1 #ab4 ,! use ( quicumque 7:i* 9 classical ,lat9 is jo9$ ) a v]b7 = quivis or quilibet 7:i* are us$ absolutely7 may be not$ z a sign ( ! decay ( ! language4 ,cp4 note on #ab3 ,roby #bbhi4--;,= eorum ,&res5 & ,jeep propose ,graecorum4 =tit] opposu]im4 ,! adv4 is n m]ely "o ( mann]3 x conveys ! expression ( a judgm5t1 #8ni*t die ,art und ,weise1 sond]n e9 ,urteil b] die ,h&lung1' ,be*]4 ,s #8inique ,ca/orem cum ,domitio comp>o1' ,cic]o1 pro ,deiot4 #ca4 ,cp4 i1 #e1 #gb =tit] dic]emus3 v4 #aj1 #gh =tit] 444 iunx]im4--,roby 7#aedj7 gives num]\s examples ( ?is use ( subj4 7involv+ a suppress$ condition su* z #8if occasion arose'7 ) su* adv]bs z m]ito1 facile1 lub5t]1 citius4 quantam 444 pugnam3 ow+ to ! exi/+ prejudice aga9/ ! /yle ( ,cic]o4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ab ,plures hodie rep]ies qui ,cic]onis gloriam quam qui ,v]gilii detrect5t3 ibid4 #ah ,satis con/at ne ,cic]oni quidem obtrectatores defuisse1 quibus inflatus et tum5s nec satis pressus1 s$ supra modum exsultans et sup]flu5s et p>um ,atticus vid]etur4 ,legi/is utique et ,calvi et ,bruti ad ,cic]onem missas epi/ulas ex quibus facile e/ depreh5d]e ,calvum quidem ,cic]oni visum exsanguem et aridum1 ,brutum autem otiosum atque diiunctum1 rursus ,cic]onem a ,calvo quidem male audisse tamquam solutum et en]vem1 a ,bruto autem1 ut ipsius v]bis ut>1 tamquam fractum atque elumbem4--,hort5sius _h be5 f ,b4,c4 #ie ! ,lat9 repres5tative ( ,asianism4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( 8 tea*]s1 ! ,rhodian eclectics1 ,cic]o emancipat$ himself f ?is s*ool )\t1 on ! o!r h&1 b9d+ himself by ! mo/ rigor\s canons ( ,atticism4 ,8 critics1 :o adh]$ to sev]] models1 consid]$ ! fulness & ri*ness ( 8 /yle turgidity & bomba/1 & po9t$ to 8 elaborately p]iodic /ructure & rhy?mical amplitude z prov+ t he 0 really an ,asiani/ 9 disguise4 ,besides ,brutus & ,calvus1 m5tion$ above 7cp4 ,qu9t1 xii4 #a1 #bb71 !re 7 ! ,as9ii1 fa!r & son 7etiam inimice1 ibid471 & ,caelius4 ,as9ius ,gallus wrote a "w de comp>atione patris et ,cic]onis1 :i* 0 controv]t$ by ! emp]or ,claudius3 ,pl94 ,epi/4 vii4 #d #f libros ,galli 444 quibus ille p>5ti ausus de ,cic]one d>e e/ palmamque decusque3 ,sueton4 ,claud4 #da4 ,cic]o1 on ! o!r h&1 ?\ght t 8 ,atticis+ critics 7 too apt to =get 7:at he asks ,atticus to rememb]7 t ! #8?und]s ( ,demo/h5es %[ t ! ,attic /yle is q consi/5t ) ! highe/ degree ( gr&eur'--si recordab]e fulm9a1 tum intelliges posse et gravissime dici1 ad ,att4 xv4 #a1 ad f94 ,qu9tilian d5\nces !m 9 /rong language1 xii4 #aj1 #ab-ad ,a4 ,at ,l4 ,m4 ,tullium non illum habemus ,euphranorem circa plures artium species prae/antem1 s$ 9 omnibus quae 9 quoque laudantur em95tissimum4 ,quem tam5 et suorum hom9es temporum incess]e audebant ut tumidiorem et ,asianum et r$undantem et 9 repetitionibus nimium et 9 salibus aliqu&o frigidum et 9 compositione fractum1 exultantem ac pa5e1 quod procul absit1 viro molliorem3 po/ea v]o quam triumvirati proscriptione consumptus e/1 passim qui od]ant1 qui invidebant1 qui aemulabantur1 adulatores etiam praes5tis pot5tiae non responsurum invas]unt4 ,ille tam51 qui ieiunus a quibusdam et aridus habetur1 non alit] ab ipsis inimicis male audire quam nimiis floribus et +5ii adflu5tia potuit4 ,falsum utrumque1 s$ tam5 illa m5ti5di propior occasio4 ,praecipue v]o press]unt eum qui vid]i ,atticorum imitatores concupi]ant4 ,haec manus quasi quibusdam sacris initiata ut ali5ig5am et p>um sup]/itiosum dev9ctumque illis legibus insequebatur1 unde nunc quoque aridi et exsuci et exsangues4 ,hi sunt enim qui suae imbecillitati sanitatis appellationem1 quae e/ maxime contr>ia1 obt5dant3 qui quia cl>iorem vim eloqu5tiae velut solem f]re non possunt1 umbra magni nom9is 7i4e4 ,a!ns7 delitescunt4 ,9 ,qu9tilian's own day 7cp4 nunc quoque above7 a c]ta9 #aje ,l>gius ,lic9us wrote a "w :i* he call$ ,cic]oma/ix1 repeat+ ! criticisms ( ,as9ius ,gallus3 cp4 ,aul4 ,gell4 xvii4 #a1 #a nonnulli tam prodigiosi tamque vaecordes ex/it]unt 9 quibus sunt ,gallus ,as9ius et ,l>gius ,lic9us1 cuius lib] etiam f]tur inf&o titulo #8,cic]oma/ix1' ut scrib]e ausi s9t ,m4 ,cic]onem p>um integre atque improprie atque inconsid]ate locutum4 ,^! rigid ,attici/s appe> to h ignor$1 z ,s&ys has po9t$ out 7,introd4 to ,orator1 p4 lxii71 ! #8diff]5ce betwe5 ! two languages1 betwe5 ! p[] & bread? & compass ( ,greek z comp>$ ) ! m limit$ res\rces ( ,lat94' ,mr4 ,s&ys app5ds an apt quotation f ,j4 ,h4 ,newman 79 ,h4 ,?ompson's ,rom4 ,lit4--,encyc4 ,metrop4 p4 #cjg1 ed4 #aheb73--#8;,greek is celebrat$ = copi\sness 9 its vocabul>y & p]spicuity 9 its phrases2 & ! consequ5t facility ( express+ ! mo/ novel or ab/ruse ideas ) precision & elegance4 ,h5ce ! ,attic /yle ( eloqu5ce 0 pla9 & simple1 because simplicity & pla9ness 7 n incompatible ) cle>ness1 en]gy1 & h>mony4 ,b x 0 a s+ul> want ( judgm5t1 an ignorance ( ! v pr9ciples ( composition1 :i* induc$ ,brutus1 ,calvus1 ,sallu/1 & o!rs to imitate ?is t]se & sev]e beauty 9 _! own defective language1 & ev5 to pron\nce ! opposite k9d ( diction defici5t 9 ta/e & purity4 ,9 ,greek1 inde$1 ! words fall1 z x 71 naturally1 into a di/9ct & h>moni\s ord]2 & f ! exub]ant ri*ness ( ! mat]ials1 less is left to ! +5uity ( ! arti/4 ,b ! ,lat9 language is comp>atively weak1 scanty1 & unmusical2 & requires consid]able skill & managem5t to r5d] x expressive & graceful4 ,simplicity 9 ,lat9 is sc>cely sep>able f baldness2 & ju/ly z ,t]5ce is celebrat$ = *a/e & unadorn$ diction1 yet ev5 he1 comp>$ ) ,attic writ]s1 is flat & heavy 7,qu9t4 x4 #a1 #ajj74' ,cp4 = a simil> contra/ ,qu9t4 xii4 #aj1 #bg-ci4 cum praes]tim3 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 gives ! s5se z foll[s1 #8especially s9ce ,i d n int5d to prove my /atem5t by a detail$ comp>ison'3 foll[+ ,be*] 7b see ,crit4 ,notes71 :o ?9ks t ,qu9t4 means to say t ! pugna w be all ! m viol5t because he does n int5d to g into a detail$ comp>ison4 ,su* a comp>ison w\ld be out ( place 7neque enim att9et71 z he is n d5y+ ! supreme excell5ce ( ,demo/h5es4 ,cum praes]tim means t !re is all ! less reason = controv]sy z he does n int5d to comp>e ! two3 x gives an additional gr\nd = :at is really1 if n =mally1 ! ma9 idea 9 ! writ]'s m9d1 viz4 ! ne$lessness ( a pugna at ?is po9t4 ,h5ce x comes to h ! =ce ( quamvis1 or idque cum tam53 tr4 #8& t ?\gh1' #8?\gh inde$1' #8:i* is all ! less necess>y because1' etc4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,f94 ii4 #h1 #be cum praes]tim 9 eo omne /udium pon]et1--:]e see ,madvig's note3 9 ,v]r4 ii4 #aac ut ex oppido ,!rmis nihil ex sacro1 nihil de publico att+]es1 cum praes]tim ess5t multa praecl>a1 c41 i4e4 #8:i* is all ! m wond]ful because'--v mu* z 9 our text3 ,philipp4 viii4 #b1 #e ,c4 quidem ,caes> non expectavit ve/ra decreta1 praes]tim cum illud aetatis erat--i4e4 z he might well h done at 8 age3 ibid4 ii4 #fd inv5tus e/ nemo praet] ,antonium1 praes]tim cum tot ess5t1 c43 i4e4 :i* 0 all ! m rem>kable z1 c43 ,brutus1 #bfg ,m4 ,bibulus qui et scriptitavit adcurate1 cum praes]tim non esset orator1 et1 c41 i4e4 #8& t too ?\gh'3 de ,(f4 ii4 #ef3 ,orator #cb nec v]o si hi/oriam non scripsisset 7,?ucydides7 nom5 eius ex/>et1 cum praes]tim fuisset honoratus et nobilis4 ,roby #agcb3 ,ngelsba*#h1 pp4 #fie-f4 propositi3 = ! g54 cp4 iv4 #b1 #ba quid acti sit3 quid tui consilii sit 7,cic4 ad ,att4 xii4 #bi1 #b3 ,caes4 ,b4 ,g4 i4 #ba1 #b73 quid (fici sui sit ,cic4 ,acad4 ,pr4 ii4 #be1 ) ,dr4 ,reid's note4 hoc tempore3 ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o are eulogis$ toge!r1 xii4 #a1 #ad-bb4 neque enim att9et1 i4e4 nor w\ld !re be any po9t 9 su* a controv]sy4 ,!y h no ne$ to draw ! sword aga9/ me1 = ,i too give ,demo/h5es ! highe/ place4 ,9 exalt+ ,cic]o ,i d n mean to depreciate ,demo/h5es4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #be quo modo int] ,atticos primae ,demo/h5i tribuuntur 444 sic apud nos ,cic]o quidem cet]os eorundem temporum dis]tos antecessit4 #ajf ,i3#ajf ,quorum ego virtutes #ajf pl]asque arbitror similes1 consilium1 ord9em1 divid5di1 praep>&i1 prob&i rationem1 omnia d5ique quae sunt inv5tionis4 #ajg ,9 eloqu5do e/ aliqua div]sitas3 d5sior ille hic copiosior1 ille concludit ad/rictius hic latius1 pugnat ille acum9e semp] hic frequ5t] et pond]e1 illi nihil detrahi pote/ huic nihil adici1 curae plus 9 illo 9 hoc naturae4 #ajf4 consilium3 vi4 #e #c consilium v]o ratio e/ qua$am alte petita et pl]umque plura p]p5d5s et comp>ans hab5sque 9 se et inv5tionem et iudicationem3 #aa illud dic]e satis habeo1 nihil esse non modo 9 or&o1 s$ 9 omni vita prius consilio1 & ! :ole passage f #i to end3 ii4 #ac1 #b res 9 oratore praecipua consilium e/1 quia v>ie et ad r]um mom5ta conv]titur4 ,?is #8tact' or #8judgm5t' w\ld be specially %[n 9 inv5tio & 9 dispositio1 "h made a "p ( inv5tio3 elocutio is a high] gift4 ,cp4 viii1 ,pr4 #ad ,m4 ,tullius inv5tionem quidem ac dispositionem prud5tis hom9is putat1 eloqu5tiam oratoris3 ,cic]o1 de ,orat4 ii4 #abj cum haec duo nobis qua]5da s9t 9 causis1 primum quid inv5tio1 de9de quomodo elocutio dicamus1 alt]um 444 prud5tiae e/ pa5e m$iocris quid dic5dum sit vid]e3 alt]um e/1 9 quo oratoris vis illa div9a virtusque c]nitur1 ea quae dic5da sunt ornate copiose v>ieque dic]e2 ,orator #dd nam et inv5ire et iudic>e quid dicas magna illa quidem sunt et tamquam animi in/> 9 corpore1 s$ propria magis prud5tiae quam eloqu5tiae4 ord9em 773 ordo corresponds to dispositio iii4 #c1 #h4 ,9 vii4 #a1 #a ! two are sep>ately def9$3 ordo recta qua$am collocatio prioribus sequ5tia adnect5s3 dispositio utilis r]um ac p>tium 9 locos di/ributio4 divid5di4 ,divisio is def9$1 along ) p>titio1 9 vii4 #a1 #a3 divisio r]um plurium 9 s+ulas1 p>titio s+ul>um 9 p>tes discretio4 ,"h divid5di ratio is us$ 9 a m g5]al s5se1 z equival5t to p>titio 9 iv4 #e3 i4e4 no/r>um aut adv]s>ii propositionum aut utr>umque ord9e collocata enum]atio4 ,( ?is useful process ,qu9tilian says 7iv4 #e1 #bb73 neque enim solum id efficit ut cl>iora fiant quae dicuntur1 rebus velut ex turba extractis et 9 conspectu iudicum positis1 s$ reficit quoque audi5tem c]to s+ul>um p>tium f9e1 non alit] quam faci5tibus it] multum detrahunt fatigationis notata inscriptis lapidibus spatia4--,kid]l9 7,h]mes #bc1 p4 #agf7 ?9ks x rem>kable t divisio %\ld "h be rank$ alongside ( praep>&i1 prob&i rationem1 :]eas 9 iii4 #c1 #a x /&s indep5d5tly alongside ( inv5tio itself4 ,he sees no diff]5ce betwe5 ord9em & divid5di rationem 7iii4 #c1 #h71 & sugge/s t 9 ! ,,mss4 read+s 7vid5di & indic5di7 !re may be conceal$ "s n\n to correspond ) ord9em3 e4g4 viam dic5di 7#8d] ,gang d] ,r$5'73 cp4 iv4 #e1 #c3 x4 #g1 #e4 ,b 9 x4 #g1 #i we h bo? ordo & dispositio1 9 spite ( iii4 #c1 #h1 & s x is "h4 praep>&i3 iii4 #i1 #g expositio enim probationum e/ praep>atio1 nec esse utilis pote/ nisi prius con/it]it1 quid debeat de probatione promitt]e4 ,a less =mal use occurs x4 #a #ba3 cp4 iv4 #b #ee4 prob&i rationem confirmationem1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! case4 ,und]/&+ ! passage to conta9 an enum]ation ( ! five p>ts ( an oration 7exordium1 n>ratio1 probatio1 refutatio1 & p]oratio71 ,kid]l9 takes prob&i "h z cov]+ ! ?ird & f\r?1 :i* 7 (t5 consid]$ "o "p4 ,praep>&i exordium1 & ! p]oratio is omitt$1 because "h ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o 7 unlike1 = ! reason giv5 bel[ 7#ajg74 ,9 ord] to include n>ratio1 he proposes to ins]t n>r&i aft] praep>&i3 x may easily1 he ?9ks1 h fall5 out aft] -ar&i4 ,x is always includ$ 9 simil> enum]ations3 ii4 #e1 #g-h3 ii4 #ac1 #a3 iv4 pr4 #f3 x4 #b1 #bg4 omnia d5ique quae sunt inv5tionis3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 #8,inv5tio1' ! orator's fir/ requisite1 may ( c\rse be %[n 9 all ! v>i\s p>ts ( a spee*1 e4g4 n>ratio1 divisio1 confirmatio1 z "h4 ,b 9 ! anti!sis betwe5 inv5tionis & 9 eloqu5do ,qu9tilian is ?9k+ ( t fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 sub/ance & =m on :i* he bas$ 8 treatm5t ( 8 subject4 ,apply+ a r\gh division to 8 "w1 we may say t ,books iii4 to vii4 deal ) inv5tio includ+ dispositio1 i4e4 & 3 :ile ,books viii-xi4 treat ( elocutio 771 includ+ actio or pronuntiatio1 #8deliv]y' 774 ,s ,cic]o 9 ! ,orator #dc introduces a description ( ! ideal orator 9 ! ?ree relations ( 7#a7 inv5tio--quid dicat 773 7#b7 collocatio or dispositio--quo quidque loco 771 & 7#c7 actio or pronuntiatio 773 & elocutio 77--quo modo4 ,qu9tilian 9 iii4 #c gives 9 m detail ! traditional p>ts ( rhetoric3 inv5tio1 dispositio1 elocutio1 memoria1 pronuntiatio 7or actio74 ,see #a-i4 ,= ! division "h cp4 also xii4 #aj1 #bg ,lat9a mihi facundia1 ut inv5tione1 dispositione1 consilio1 cet]is huius g5]is artibus similis ,graecae ac prorsus discipula eius videtur1 ita circa #ajg rationem eloqu5di vix hab]e imitationis locum4 aliqua div]sitas3 ,morawski 7,quae/4 p4 #cc7 ?9ks t ?is passage may be f\nd$ on a tractate by ,caecilius 7contempor>y ) ,dion4 ,hal471 :i* is m5tion$ by ,plut>*1 ,dem4 #c 4 ,a p>allel passage is f\nd 9 ! 7,sp4 i4 p4 #bfa71 ! au?or ( :i* may also h borr[$ f ,caecilius3-- 77 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4444 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 xxxviii4 d5sior3 #gf tam d5sa omnia3 s ( ,?ucydides #gc d5sus et brevis4 concludit1 n1 z ,bonnell ratioc9atur 7xii4 #b1 #be71 b ( ! #8r\nd+ (f' ( a p]iod3 ix4 #d1 #bb1 quae e/ vel ambitus vel circumductum vel cont9uatio vel conclusio4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brutus #cc v]borum 444 qua$am ad num]um conclusio3 cp4 #cd bel[1 concluditque s5t5tiam3 ,orator #bj conclusa oratio3 #agg concluse apteque dic]e3 #bjj1 #bbj1 #bcj1 #bca3 de ,orat4 ii4 #cd quod c>m5 artificiosa v]borum conclusione 7#8arti/ic p]iod'7 aptius8 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #dj conclud]e v]sum4 ,! opposite is membratim caesimque dic]e1 ,qu9t4 ix4 #d1 #abf3 cp4 ,cic4 ,orat4 #bab incise membratimve3 de ,orat4 iii4 #di1 #aij c>p]e membris m9utioribus orationem4 ,= a contra/ cp4 ,brutus #abj ut ,/oicorum ad/rictior e/ oratio aliquantoque contractior quam aures populi requirunt1 sic illorum 7,p]ipateticorum ,academicorumque7 lib]ior et latior quam patitur consuetudo iudiciorum et =i3 #afb qu9 etiam compreh5sio et ambitus ille v]borum1 si sic appell>i placet1 erat apud illum 7i4e4 ,crassum7 contractus et brevis1 et 9 membra qua$am1 quae ,graeci vocant1 disp]tiebat orationem lib5tius4 a/rictius 444 latius3 !re is m compactness ab\t ! p]iodic /ructure 9 ,demo/h5es1 great] bread? 9 t ( ,cic]o4 ,?is c\ld h>dly be said ( ,demo/h5es's p]iods z a :ole3 x r ref]s to ! c>e :i* ,cic]o & ,roman orators g5]ally be/[$ on ! clos+ syllables ( a p]iod 7,blass1 ,att4 ,b]4 iii4 #aag74 ,x 0 ?is lik+ = a sonor\s & copi\s diction t seem$ to ,cic]o's critics to ju/ify ! epi!ts 7inflatus1 tum5s1 c47 appli$ to him 9 ,dial4 de ,orat4 #ah 7quot$ above1 #aje72 he himself tells u 9 ! ,orator1 #ajd1 t 8 e>s crav$ = some?+ m full & sonor\s ev5 ?an ,demo/h5es3 #8non semp] implet aures meas3 ita sunt avidae et capaces et semp] aliquid imm5sum inf9itumque desid]ant4' pugnat3 us$ figuratively = dicit3 cp4 #d4 acum9e3 ! ^w is us$ 9 #ha & #hc ( #8p[] ( ?\ght1' #8intellectual p5etration'3 viii4 #b1 #ba3 x4 #a1 #ha & #hc4 ,see on acutus #gg4 ,s ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #abh acum5 dialecticorum4 ,"h x includes ! idea ( #8po9t' 9 expression3 foll[+ up ! metaphor conta9$ 9 #8pugnat1' we might r5d]1 #8,demo/h5es always ?ru/s ) ! rapi]1 ,cic]o (t5 uses ! bludgeon too4' 7,l&or1 speak+ ( ,%aftesbury & ,bol+broke1 z comp>$ ) ,"l ,br\gham1 said t !y _h #8m ( ! rapi] ?an ! bludgeon4'7 ,cp4 de ,orat4 ii4 #aeh ipsi se compungunt suis acum9ibus4 ,! contra/ is some?+ l t impli$ 9 xii4 #aj1 #cf subtilitate v9cimur 7a ,graecis73 valeamus pond]e3 cp4 ibid4 #aa gravitatem ,bruti acum5 ,sulpici4 nihil detrahi3 cp4 #gf is dic5di modus ut nec quod desit 9 eo nec quod r$undet inv5ias4 curae 444 naturae3 v4 ,jebb's ,attic ,orators1 i4 ,introd4 p4 cvi1 :]e x is rem>k$ t ?is p>adox is true 9 ?is s5se alone1 #8t ,cic]o is an inf]ior arti/1 & indulges m freely ! ta/e ( ! natural man = ornam5t4' ,qu9tilian may also ref] to ! labori\s tra9+ :i* ,demo/h5es impos$ on himself1 & 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 says ,plut>*1 1 7,vit4 ,demo/h4 viii474 ,cp4 ! taunt ( ,py!as1 t 8 "w #8smell$ ( ! lamp'3 1 ibid42 also #ajh ,p>allel4 *4 i4 ,x 0 ! rule ) ,demo/h5es nev] to speak )\t prep>ation3 ,cic]o may h reli$ at times on ! faculty ( extemporis+ at ne$4 ,i3#ajg ,salibus c]te et #ajh commis]atione1 quae duo plurimum 9 adfectibus val5t1 v9cimus4 ,et =tasse epilogos illi mos civitatis ab/ul]it1 s$ et nobis illa1 quae ,attici mirantur1 div]sa ,lat9i s]monis ratio #aji m9us p]mis]it4 ,9 epi/ulis quidem1 quamquam sunt utriusque1 dialogisve1 quibus nihil ille1 nulla cont5tio e/4 #ajg4 salibus3 cp4 vi4 #c1 #b pl]ique ,demo/h5i facultatem defuisse huic rei cr$unt1 ,cic]oni modum1 nec vid]i pote/ noluisse ,demo/h5es1 cuius pauca admodum dicta nec sane cet]is eius virtutibus respond5tia palam o/5dunt non displicuisse illi iocos s$ non contigisse 444 mihi quidem 444 mira qua$am 9 eo 7,cic]one7 videtur fuisse urbanitas4 ,s #ba ,demo/h5em urbanum fuisse dicunt1 dicacem negant3 ,cic4 ,orat4 #ij non tam dicax quam facetus3 ,dion4 ,hal4 ,dem4 c4 #ed 444 4 ,cp4 1 #cd1 :]e ! judgm5t is unduly sev]e1 4 ,cp4 ,s&ys' note on ,orat4 #ij1 8,?\gh n obtrusively witty1 ,demo/h5es nev]!less is n want+ 9 hum\r1 z is prov$ by ! spee* on ! ,*]sonesus #e1 #aa ff4 & esp4 #bc 7*>act]iz$ by ,br\gham z #8full ( ref9$ & almo/ playful wit'73 ,plut4 iii4 #ff3 de ,cor4 #aih1 #bcd 7,blass1 ,att4 ,b]4 iii4 #afc-f740 ,= a criticism ( ,cic]o's wit1 on ! o!r h&1 v4 ,plut4 ,p>allel4 #a 1 & bel[1 ,cato's 1 1 4 444 commis]atione1 #8pa?os4' ,see ,orator #acj 9 quo ut vid]] excell]e non +5io1 s$ dolore adsequeb>2 i4e4 x 0 real sympa?y m ?an any special tal5t t enabl$ him to excel 9 ?is respect4 9 adfectibus1 #8:]e ! feel+s are conc]n$4' ,"u adfectus 7vi4 #b7 is includ$ ev]y?+ t makes an impression on ! judges3 #a opus 444 mov5di iudicum animos3 among o!r ?+s laught] itself1 virtus quae risum iudicis mov5do et illos tri/es solvit adfectus et animum ab int5tione r]um frequ5t] av]tit et aliqu&o etiam reficit et a satietate vel a fatigatione r5ovat4 v9cimus3 = ! pres5t cp4 #ic1 #aja1 #aje4 epilogos1 #8p]orations4' ,! p]oration 0 look$ on z giv+ a great opportunity = mov+ ! feel+s3 ,ari/4 ,rhet4 iii4 #ai says "o ( its p>ts is 4 ,s ,qu9t4 iv4 #a1 #bh quod 9 +ressu p>cius et mode/ius praetempt&a sit iudicis mis]icordia3 9 epilogo v]o liceat totos effund]e adfectus4 ,! ^w is common 9 ?is s5se 9 ,qu9tilian3 vi4 #a1 #cg1 sq4 esp4 #eb at hic1 si usquam1 totos eloqu5tiae ap]ire fontes licet4 ,nam et1 si b5e diximus reliqua1 possidebimus iam iudicum animos1 et e confragosis atque asp]is evecti tota p&]e possumus vela1 et1 cum sit maxima p>s epilogi amplificatio1 v]bis atque s5t5tiis uti licet magnificis et ornatis4 ,tunc e/ commov5dum !atrum cum v5tum e/ ad ipsum illud1 quo vet]es trago$iae como$iaeque cluduntur1 plodite3 cp4 also ,cic]o1 ,brutus #cc ex/at eius p]oratio1 qui epilogus dicitur3 de ,orat4 ii4 #bgh3 ad ,att4 iv4 #ae1 #d4 mos civitatis3 ii4 #af #d ,a!nis ubi actor mov]e adfectus vetabatur velut recisam or&i pote/atem3 vi4 #a1 #g1 :]e he says t ) ! ,attic orators ! epilogus g5]ally took ! =m ( recapitulation 7 enum]atio7 #8quia ,a!nis adfectus mov]e etiam p] praeconem prohibebatur orator4' ,cp4 xii4 #aj1 #bf4 ,?is w\ld be especially ! case 9 trials be=e ! ,areopagus4 ,b x 0 ! ,hell5ic in/9ct = mod]ation t impos$ its own law4 ,"l ,br\gham1 9 8 ,diss]tation on ! ,eloqu5ce ( ! ,anci5ts 7p4 #be71 rem>ks on ! calmness ( ! ,greek p]oration3 cp4 8 ,essay on ,demo/h5es 7p4 #ahd73 #8,x seems to h be5 a rule enjo9$ by ! sev]e ta/e ( ^? times1 t aft] be+ wr\ght up to a great pit* ( emotion1 ! speak] %\ld1 9 quitt+ 8 audi5ce1 leave an impression ( dignity1 :i* _c be ma9ta9$ )\t composure4' ,cp4 ,jebb1 i4 ciii-civ3 #8,cic]o has n[ & !n an ,attic p]oration1 z 9 ! ,second ,philippic & ! ,pro ,milone2 m (t5 he breaks (f 9 a bur/ ( eloqu5ce--z 9 ! ,fir/ ,catil9>ian1 ! ,pro ,flacco1 & ! ,pro ,clu5tio4' illa quae ,attici mirantur3 cp4 #fe1 #ajj illam solis concessam ,atticis v5]em3 xii4 #aj #ce illam gratiam s]monis ,attici4 #aji epi/ulis4 ,if x 7 n = ! ineptitude ( ! comp>ison :i* foll[s 79 quibus nihil ille7 we might be incl9$ to imag9e t ,qu9tilian knew ( m lett]s ( ,demo/h5es ?an ! six :i* are /ill extant1 & :i* are g5]ally consid]$ apocryphal4 dialogis3 compris+ mo/ ( ,cic]o's philosophical works1 & ! ,brutus & ,de ,oratore among 8 rhetorical4 nihil ille1 sc4 effecit1 consecutus e/3 cp4 #ef1 #abc3 #b #f1 #bd3 #c #be3 #g #g1 #bc4 ,i3#ajh ,c$5dum v]o 9 hoc1 quod et prior fuit et ex magna p>te ,cic]onem quantus e/ fecit4 ,nam mihi videtur ,m4 ,tullius1 cum se totum ad imitationem ,graecorum contulisset1 eff9xisse vim ,demo/h5is1 copiam ,platonis1 iucunditatem ,isocratis4 #ajh4 eff9xisse1 #8arti/ically reproduc$4' iucunditatem4 #8,! idea :i* ,cic]o got f ,isocrates 0 t ( numb]4 ,see esp4 de ,orat4 iii4 #dd #agc4' ,jebb4 ,s #8suavitatem ,isocrates 444 vim ,demo/h5es habuit' de ,orat4 iii4 #bh4 ,i3#aji ,nec v]o quod 9 quoque optimum fuit /udio consecutus e/ tantum1 s$ plurimas vel potius omnes ex se ipso virtutes extulit immortalis +5ii beatissima ub]tate4 ,non enim #8pluvias1' ut ait ,p9d>us1 #8aquas colligit1 s$ vivo gurgite exundat1' dono quodam provid5tiae g5itus1 9 quo totas vires suas eloqu5tia exp]iretur4 #aji4 ex se ipso 444 extulit3 cp4 ,cic4 ,acad4 ii4 #h1 #bc artem viv5di quae ipsa ex sese habeat con/antiam1 :]e ,dr4 ,reid cites ?is passage1 along ) _m o!rs1 e4g4 ,s54 ,ep4 #eb1 #c hos quibus ex se impetus fuit3 ,cic4 ,n4 ,d4 iii4 #hh a se sum]e4 beatissima3 cp4 #fa beatissima r]um v]borumque copia3 #c1 #bb beatiorem spiritum4 ,cp4 ! eulogy by ,caes>1 9 8 ,analogia 7writt5 z he 0 cross+ ! ,alps1 & d$icat$ to ,cic]o himself73 ac si ut cogitata praecl>e eloqui poss5t non nulli /udio et usu elaborav]unt1 cuius te pa5e pr9cipem copiae atque inv5torem b5e de nom9e ac dignitate populi ,romani m]itum esse exi/im>e debemus1 c4--quot$ 9 ,brutus #bec4 ,hild adds ,pl9y ,h4 ,n4 vii4 #cj ,facundiae ,lati>umque litt]>um p>5s atque 444 omnium triumphorum gloria maior1 quanto plus e/ +5ii ,romani t]m9os 9 tantum promovisse quam imp]ii1--:]e ! language has a close resemblance to t ( ,cic]o himself 9 ,brutus #bee4 ut ait ,p9d>us4 ,we get ! pluvias aquas 9 ! ( ,olymp4 xi1 b !re is no?+ 9 ,p9d>'s extant works t corresponds to ! quotation4 exundat3 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cj ex multa eruditione et plurimis artibus et omnium r]um sci5tia exundat et exub]at illa admirabilis eloqu5tia4 provid5tia is us$ v frequ5tly by itself 9 ,qu9tilian1 e4g4 i4 #aj1 #g oratio qua nihil prae/antius hom9i d$it provid5tia 7v4 ,bonn4 ,lex472 also 9 xi4 i1 #bc ) deorum immortalium4 eloqu5tia3 cp4 ,s54 ,ep4 #dj1 #aa ,cic]o quoque no/]1 a quo ,romana eloqu5tia exsiluit4 ,i3#aaj ,nam quis doc]e dilig5tius1 mov]e vehem5tius pote/8 ,cui tanta umquam iucunditas adfuit8 ut ipsa illa quae extorquet #aaj impetr>e eum cr$as1 et cum transv]sum vi sua iudicem f]at1 tam5 ille non rapi videatur1 s$ sequi4 #aaj4 doc]e 444 mov]e4 ,cp4 iii4 #e #b tria sunt item quae prae/>e debeat orator1 ut doceat1 moveat1 delectet 7quot$ on #hj74 ,iucunditas "h expresses ! ?ird4 ,s ,cic]o1 ,brutus #ahe tria sunt enim1 ut quidem ego s5tio1 quae s9t effici5da dic5do3 ut doceatur is apud quem dicetur1 ut delectetur1 ut moveatur vehem5tius4 extorquet3 cp4 v4 #g1 #ag at 9 eo qui invitus dicturus e/ prima felicitas int]rogantis extorqu]e quod is nolu]it3 ib4 #bg4 ,cic4 de ,or4 ii4 #gd qui nunquam s5t5tias de manibus iudicum vi quadam orationis extorsimus ac potius placatis eorum animis tantum quantum ipsi patiebantur accepimus4 #aaj transv]sus #8turn$ across1' i4e4 at "r angles to ! orig9al l9e4 ,s transv]sis it9]ibus ,sall4 ,iug4 #de1 #b4 ,= ! figure conta9$ 9 transv]sum f]at cp4 ibid4 #f1 #c opportunitas quae etiam m$iocres viros 444 transv]sos agit3 #ad1 #bj4 ,! iudex is #8turn$ a?w>t'--away f ! pa? ( 8 own judgm5t4 ,s ,s54 ,ep4 #h1 #c cum coepit transv]sos ag]e felicitas3 ,cic4 ,brutus #cca cuius 9 adulesc5tiam 444 transv]sa incurrit mis]a =tuna rei publicae4 ,i3#aaa ,iam 9 omnibus quae dicit tanta auctoritas ine/ ut diss5tire pudeat1 nec advocati /udium s$ te/is aut iudicis adf]at fidem2 cum int]im haec omnia1 quae vix s+ula quisquam int5tissima cura consequi posset1 fluunt inlaborata et illa1 qua nihil pul*rius auditum e/1 oratio prae se f]t tam5 felicissimam facilitatem4 #aaa4 advocati1 #8plead]1' z g5]ally 9 ,qu9tilian1 syn4 ) #8actor causae1' #8causidicus1' #8patronus4' ,9 ,cic]o ! ^w is res]v$ = ^? :o l5t _! c\nt5ance & p]sonal support to a fri5d1 especially 9 legal matt]s3 e4g4 ,brutus #bhi3 pro ,clu4 #aaj quis eum unquam non modo 9 patroni1 s$ 9 laudatoris aut advocati loco vid]at8 ,see ,fausset's note on advocabat pro ,clu4 #ed4 fidem3 #8tru/wor?9ess1' #8cr$ibility4' ,s quantam aff]at fidem iv4 #b1 #abe4 cum int]im3 ,roby #agcb4 ,cp4 note on #ah4 posset3 ! use ( ! imp]f4 subj4 po9ts to a suppress$ protasis1 sc4 si vellet4 ,cp4 i4 #a1 #bb cur improbetur si quis ea quae domi suae recte fac]et 9 publicum promit8 ,s too bel[1 #b #be qui noc]et1 :]e see note4 tam5 is a rem9isc5ce ( tam5 ille non rapi videatur1 9 ! previ\s s5t5ce1 & mu/ be tak5 ) cum int]im3 #8= all t4' facilitatem3 cp4 #a4 ,i3#aab ,qu>e non imm]ito ab hom9ibus aetatis suae regn>e 9 iudiciis dictus e/1 apud po/]os v]o id consecutus1 ut ,cic]o iam non hom9is nom5 s$ eloqu5tiae habeatur4 ,hunc igitur spectemus1 hoc propositum nobis sit exemplum1 ille se pr(ecisse sciat1 cui ,cic]o valde placebit4 #aab4 regn>e3 cp4 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 vii4 #bd1 #a olim quum regn>e exi/imabamur3 ad ,att4 i4 #a illud suum regnum iudiciale1--8 #8sov]eignty ( ! b>'3 9 ,v]r4 i4 #ab1 #ce 7( ,hort5sius7 omnis dom9atio regnumque iudiciorum3 ad ,fam4 ix4 #ah1 #a amisso regno =5si3 cp4 pro ,sulla #g4 non hom9is 444 s$ eloqu5tiae4 ,!re is no ?\ght "h ( hold+ ! balance ) ,demo/h5es1 #aje4 ,cp4 :at ,brutus says aft] ,caes>'s eulogy quot$ above 7#aji note73 quo enim uno v9cebamur a victa ,graecia1 id aut ereptum illis e/ aut c]te nobis cum illis communicatum3 ,brut4 #bed4 ,hild quotes f ,plut>* 7,cic]o1 #d7 ! /ory ( ,molo1 "o ( ,cic]o's tea*]s1 :o1 on he>+ him declaim1 said t he _h to pity ! h>d fate ( ,greece1 f :om ! palm ( eloqu5ce1 h] sole surviv+ glory1 0 n[ to pass away4 exemplum1 pr$icative1 hoc be+ neut] by a common =m ( attraction3 cp4 #c #ag4 pr(ecisse3 ,hild quotes ,boileau1 ,art4 ,poet4 iii4 #cjh1 speak+ ( ,hom]3 c'e/ avoir pr(it que de savoir s'y plaire4 ,i3#aac ,multa 9 ,as9io ,pollione inv5tio1 summa #aaa dilig5tia1 adeo ut quibusdam etiam nimia videatur1 et consilii et animi satis3 a nitore et iucunditate ,cic]onis ita longe abe/ ut vid]i possit saeculo prior4 ,at ,messalla nitidus et c&idus et quodam modo praef]5s 9 dic5do nobilitatem suam1 viribus m9or4 #aac4 ,qu9tilian makes no m5tion ( orators previ\s to ,cic]o3 = !m see ,brutus #ec sqq4 ,velleius disposes ( !m 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce 7i4 #ag1 #c73 ,at oratio ac vis =5sis p]fectumque prosae eloqu5tiae decus1 ut idem sep>etur ,cato1 pace ,p4 ,crassi ,scipionisque et ,laeli et ,grac*orum et ,fanni et ,s]vi ,galbae dix]im1 ita univ]sa sub pr9cipe op]is sui erupit ,tullio1 ut delect>i ante eum paucissimis1 mir>i v]o nem9em possis1 nisi aut ab illo visum aut qui illum vid]it4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #be4 ,hild cites also ,s5eca1 ,controv4 i4 praef43 quidquid ,romana facundia habet1 quod insol5ti ,graeciae aut opponat aut praef]at1 circa ,cic]onem effloruit2 omnia +5ia quae lucem /udiis no/ris attul]unt1 tunc nata sunt4 #aaa ,as9io ,pollione4 ,c4 ,as9ius ,pollio 7#ge ,b4,c4-#d ,a4,d47 0 consul 9 #dj1 :5 he help$ ,maec5as to arrange ! ,peace ( ,brundisium3 aft]w>ds becom+ e/rang$ f ,antony he retir$ into private life & devot$ himself to lett]s4 ,v]gil d$icates ! ,f\r? ,eclogue to him1 & 9 ! fir/ ,ode ( ,book ii ,horace rec\nts 8 v>i\s titles to di/9ction4 ,he 0 a poet z well z an orator3 ,v]g4 ,ecl4 viii4 #aj ,sola ,sophocleo tua c>m9a digna co?urno3 iii4 #hf ,pollio et ipse facit nova c>m9a3 ,hor4 ,s4 i4 #aj1 #db4 ,he 0 also di/+ui%$ z a hi/orian1 hav+ writt5 a hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w>s f ! fir/ triumvirate 7,motum ex ,metello consule ,hor4 ,c>4 ii4 #a1 #a74 ,9 ! same ,ode 7,,ii4 #ac1 #ad7 ,horace alludes to 8 fame z an orator1 bo? at ! b> & 9 ! s5ate4 ,qu9tilian's judgm5t on him 9 ?is capacity may be comp>$ ) t ( ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #ajj1 #g ,lege ,cic]onem3 compositio eius una e/1 p$em s]vat l5ta et s9e infamia mollis4 ,at contra ,pollionis ,as9ii salebrosa et exsili5s et ubi m9ime expectes relictura4 ,d5ique omnia apud ,cic]onem des9unt1 apud ,pollionem cadunt exceptis paucissimis1 quae ad c]tum modum et ad unum exempl> ad/ricta sunt4 ,cp4 #b #ag bel[ tri/es ac ieiuni ,pollionem aemulantur4 dilig5tia3 #b #be vim ,caes>is1 asp]itatem ,caelii1 dilig5tiam ,pollionis4 ,! ^w does n ref] to ! hi/orian's pa9/ak+ c>e 7:i* c\ld h>dly ev] be #8nimia'71 b to ! #8precision' or #8exactitude' ( 8 language3 v4 ! fragm5t quot$ 9 ix4 #d1 #acb4 consilii1 #8judgm5t1' #ajf4 animi1 #8_s1' #8vivacity4' nitore3 v4 on #ig4 saeculo prior4 #8,z an orator & writ] he affect$ antique sev]ity 9 opposition to ,cic]onian smoo?ness1'--,teuffel4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ba ,as9ius quoque quamquam propioribus temporibus natus sit1 videtur mihi int] ,m55ios et ,appios /uduisse2 ,pacuvium c]te et ,accium non solum trago$iis s$ etiam orationibus suis expressit3 adeo durus et siccus e/3 ,s54 ,controv4 iv4 praef4 #c illud /rictum eius et asp]sum et nimis iratum 9 c5s5do iudicium adeo cessabat ut 9 multis illi v5ia opus esset quae ab ipso vix impetrabatur4 ,see ,s*malz #8,ueb] d5 ,spra*gebrau* des ,as9ius ,pollio1' p4 #bhi2 ,mn*51 #ahij4 ,pollio's antipa?y to ,cic]o & 8 dislike ( ,cic]o's /yle may be se5 f ! /ory 9 ,s5eca1 ,suas4 vi4 extr41 quot$ by ,b]nh>dy 7q4v471 ,r4 ,l4 p4 #bfh 7note #ahb74 ,messalla1 ,m4 ,val]ius ,corv9us 7#fd ,b4,c4-#h ,a4,d471 ! fri5d ( ,tibullus1 :o d$icates to him i4 #g3 cp4 ! panegyric iv4 #a4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ah ,cic]one mitior ,corv9us et dulcior et 9 v]bis magis elaboratus1--) ! latt] "p ( :i* cp4 ,s54 ,controv4 ii4 #ab1 #h ,lat9i utique s]monis obs]vator dilig5tissimus4 ,cic]o's own op9ion ( him may be se5 9 ,epi/4 ad ,brutum i4 #ae1 #a cave putes probitate1 con/antia1 cura1 /udio reipublicae quidquam illi esse simile2 ut eloqu5tia1 qua mirabilit] excellit1 vix 9 eo locum ad laud&um hab]e videatur3 quamquam 9 hac ipsa sapi5tia plus app>et3 ita gravi iudicio multaque arte se ex]cuit 9 v]issimo g5]e dic5di1 tanta autem indu/ria e/ tantumque evigilat 9 /udio ut non maxima +5io 7quod 9 eo summum e/7 gratia hab5da videatur4 ,by v]issimum g5us dic5di ,cic]o seems to indicate t ,messalla 0 nei!r an ,asiani/ l ,hort5sius1 nor an extreme ,attici/ l ,calvus4 ,see also ,brutus #bdf1 :]e ! judgm5t is less fav\rable3 nullo modo inops1 s$ non nimis ornatus g5]e v]borum4 nitidus3 cp4 i4 #g1 #ce ideo m9us ,messalla nitidus quia1 c4 c&idus3 v4 on #gc4 quodam modo3 cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #cj 7:]e ,kellogg wrongly r5d]s #8) a c]ta9 /yle'73 ib4 #adi3 de ,orat4 iii4 #cg3 #ahd4 praef]5s prae se f]5s3 cp4 vi4 #c1 #ag3 #b1 #ad4 viribus m9or3 cp4 #ajc4 ,i3#aad ,c4 v]o ,caes> si =o tantum vacasset1 non alius ex #aab no/ris contra ,cic]onem nom9>etur4 ,tanta 9 eo vis e/1 id acum51 ea concitatio1 ut illum eodem animo dixisse quo bellavit app>eat2 exornat tam5 haec omnia mira s]monis1 cuius proprie /udiosus fuit1 elegantia4 #aad4 ,caes>4 ,! purity & correctness ( ,caes>'s /yle are eulogis$ 9 ! ,brutus #bea-bfb3 see esp4 #bfa non video cui debeat c$]e4 ,cp4 ,phil4 ii4 #de ,fuit 9 illo +5ium1 ratio1 memoria1 #aab litt]ae1 cura1 cogitatio1 dilig5tia3 & ) special ref]5ce to 8 oratorical tal5t1 ,suet4 ,caes4 #ee1 :]e is cit$ a fragm5t f a lett] ( ,cic]o3 #8,quid8 oratorum quem huic antepones eorum qui nihil aliud eg]unt8 ,quis s5t5tiis aut acutior aut crebrior8 ,quis v]bis aut ornatior aut elegantior8' ,tac4 ,ann1 xiii4 #c dictator ,caes> summis oratoribus aemulus4 si =o tantum vacasset4 ,s ( ,pompeius 7,brut4 #bci71 vir ad omnia summa natus1 maiorem dic5di gloriam habuisset1 nisi eum maioris gloriae cupiditas ad bellicas laudes ab/raxisset3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ba conc$amus sane ,c4 ,caes>i1 ut propt] magnitud9em cogitationum et occupationes r]um 9 eloqu5tia non effec]it quae div9um eius +5ium po/ulabat4 contra1 #8by ! side (1' ) ! notion ( be+ #8pitt$ aga9/'3 cp4 proximumque ,cic]oni ,caes>em1 ,vell4 ,pat4 ii4 #cf1 #b4 vis3 xii4 #aj1 #aa vim ,caes>is4 acum54 ,see on #ajf3 "h probably ( a po9t$ incisive /yle4 eodem animo3 ,livy xxxviii4 #ej dicebantur enim ab eodem animo +5ioque a quo ge/a erant4 proprie /udiosus3 cp4 i4 #g1 #cd aut vim ,c4 ,caes>is freg]unt editi de analogia libri8 ,suet4 ,caes4 #ef3 ,gell4 xix4 #h1 #c4 ,see too ,brutus #bec1 :]e we le>n t ! "w 0 d$icat$ to ,cic]o3 #8qui etiam 9 maximis occupationibus ad te ipsum1' inquit 9 me intu5s1 #8de ratione ,lat9e loqu5di adcuratissime scrips]it primoque 9 libro dix]it v]borum delectum orig9em esse eloqu5tiae4'--,cp4 ,gell4 xvi4 #h ,c4 ,caes> gravis auctor l+uae lat9ae1--,proprie 9 ?is s5se is po/-,augu/an3 cp4 ,vell4 ,pat4 ii4 #i1 #a4 elegantia3 ,brutus #beb ita iudico 444 illum omnium f]e oratorum ,lat9e loqui elegantissime4 ,9 ! ,preface to ,b4 ,g4 viii4 ,hirtius says ,erat autem 9 ,caes>e quum facultas atque elegantia summa scrib5di tum1 etc4 ,i3#aae ,multum +5ii 9 ,caelio et praecipue 9 accus&o multa urbanitas1 dignusque vir1 cui et m5s melior et vita longior contigisset4 ,inv5i qui ,calvum #aac praef]r5t omnibus1 inv5i qui ,cic]oni cr$]5t eum nimia contra se calumnia v]um sangu9em p]didisse2 s$ e/ et sancta et gravis oratio et ca/igata et frequ5t] vehem5s #aad quoque4 ,imitator autem e/ ,atticorum1 fecitque illi prop]ata mors iniuriam1 si quid adiecturus sibi non si quid detracturus fuit4 #aae4 ,caelius1 ,m4 ,rufus 7#hb-dh ,b4,c471 a man ( loose morals & luxuri\s life1 :om ,cic]o def5d$ f "s *>ges ( s$ition & attempt$ poison+1 #ef ,b4,c4 ,he _h n mu* /r5g? ( "*3 dur+ ,cic]o's abs5ce 9 ,cilicia he 0 9 fri5dly correspond5ce ) him1 b aft]w>ds he jo9$ ,caes>1 :ile urg+ ,cic]o to rema9 neutral4 ,becom+ discont5t$1 he intrigu$ ) ,milo to raise an insurrection aga9/ ,caes>1 & 0 put to dea? ne> ,?urii by "s =eign cavalry1 #dh ,b4,c4 ,cp4 ,brutus #bgc spl5dida et gr&is et eadem 9 primis faceta et p]urbana oratio4 ,graves eius contiones aliquot fu]unt1 acres accusationes tres 7"o aga9/ ,c4 ,antonius7 444 def5siones 444 sane tol]abiles4 ,!re 0 some?+ bitt] ab\t him3 #b #be asp]itatem ,caelii3 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #be am>ior ,caelius3 ,s54 de ,ira iii4 #h1 #f oratorem 444 iracundissimum4 ,a description ( "o ( 8 spee*es is giv5 iv4 #b1 #abc sq43 = witticisms on ,clodia v4 viii4 #f1 #ec4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ba & #be4 praecipue 9 accus&o3 vi4 #c1 #fi idem 7,cic]o7 p] allegoriam ,m4 ,caelium1 melius obici5tem crim9a quam def5d5tem1 bonam dextram malam s9i/ram hab]e dicebat4 urbanitas is def9$ vi4 #c1 #ag z s]monem praef]5tem 9 v]bis et sono et usu proprium qu5dam gu/um urbis et sumptam ex conv]satione doctorum tacitam eruditionem1 d5ique cui contr>ia sit ru/icitas4 ,"h ! idea ( wit is upp]mo/1 z 9 ii4 #aa1 #b & vi4 #c1 #aje4 ,cp4 vi4 #c #da ,caelius cum omnia v5u/issime f9xit tum illud ultimum3 i4 #f1 #bi4 m5s melior3 ,brut4 #bgc quaecunque eius 9 exitu vel =tuna vel m5s fuit3 ,vell4 ,pat4 ii4 #fh vir eloquio animoque ,curioni simillimus1 s$ 9 utroque p]fectior nec m9us +5iose nequam4 ,calvus1 ,gaius ,lic9ius 7,b4,c4 #hb-dh71 0 ! lead+ _s among ! /rict] ,attici/s 9 ,cic]o's day1 & is c5sur$ by him 9 ! ,brutus 7#bhd-bia7 = tak+ s n>r[ a view ( ! full mean+ ( ,attic oratory z to h introduc$ ! attempt to imitate c]ta9 p>ticul> models among ! ,attic orators4 ,a poet himself1 he 0 ! fri5d ( ,catullus1 &1 l ,catullus1 an oppon5t ( ,caes>4 ,he prosecut$ ,vat9ius on ?ree sep>ate #aac occasions1 & once %[$ su* vehem5ce & en]gy t ! def5dant rose 9 c\rt1 say+ #8rogo vos1 iudices1 num si i/e dis]tus e/ ideo me damn>i oportet' 7,s54 ,controv4 vii4 #f73 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cd ,vat9ium eis orationibus insecutus e/1 quas hodieque cum admiratione legimus3 cp4 ib4 #ba4 ,cp4 ,catullus #ec1 :]e we get a lively idea ( 8 en]getic eloqu5ce at ! trial4 ,! passage ( ,cic]o ref]r$ to 7,brutus #bhc quot$ bel[7 0 writt5 aft] ! dea? ( ,calvus3 b already 9 ,dec4 #dg ,cic]o1 9 writ+ to 8 fri5d ,trebonius1 _h /at$ 8 op9ion t ,calvus _h made an error ( judgm5t 9 ! *oice ( 8 /yle1 & t he 0 want+ 9 =ce3 ad ,fam4 xv4 #ba #d g5us quoddam sequebatur1 9 quo iudicio lapsus1 quo valebat1 tam5 assequebatur quod prob>et4 ,multae erant et reconditae litt]ae1 vis non erat 7,qu9t4 x4 #b1 #be #8iudicium ,calvi'74 ,9 ! ,dial4 de ,or4 *4 #ah ,tacitus ref]s to c]ta9 lett]s1 n[ lo/1 f ,calvus & ,brutus to ,cic]o1 %[+ t ! latt] reg>d$ ,calvus z exsanguis & attritus 7v4l4 aridus71 :ile ,calvus /igmatis$ ,cic]o z solutus & en]vis4 ,8 position z lead] ( a s*ool 7:i* took ,lysias ma9ly = its model & cultivat$ #8pla9ness' at ! exp5se ( o!r good qualities7 is indicat$ by ,cic]o's rem>k t he #8n only w5t wrong himself1 b also l$ o!rs a/ray' 7,brut4 #bhd74 ,cic]oni cr$]5t1 c4 8,9 writ+ ( 8 oratorical /yle 9 ! ,brutus1 two ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 ,cic]o obs]ves t1 :ile he 0 m accompli%$ 9 lit]ature ?an ! y\ng] ,curio1 he _h also a m accurate & exquisite /yle2 & al?\gh he h&l$ x ) skill & elegance1 he 0 too m9ute & nice 9 8 self-criticism2 los+ ! v life-blood ( /yle = fe> ( ta9t+ its purity1 & cultivat+ too scrupul\s a ta/e to w9 ! approval ( ! g5]al public0 7,s&ys1 ,orator1 ,introd4 xlvi474 ,! passage f ! ,brutus 7#bhc7 is z foll[s3--adcuratius quoddam dic5di et exquisitius adf]ebat g5us2 quod quanquam sci5t] elegant]que tractabat1 nimium tam5 inquir5s 9 se atque ipse sese obs]vans metu5sque ne vitiosum collig]et1 etiam v]um sangu9em dep]debat 444 ,atticum 444 se dici oratorem volebat2 inde erat i/a exilitas1 quam ille de indu/ria consequebatur4 nimia 444 calumnia1 #8by ov]-rigor\s self-c5sure1'--a morbid habit ( introspective criticism3 ! ^w be+ us$ to express nimium inquir5s 444 obs]vans 444 metu5sque 9 ! passage j quot$4 ,p]haps ! ne>e/ p>allel to ?is use is to be f\nd 9 ,caec4 ap4 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 vi4 #g1 #d 9 hac igitur calumnia1 timoris et caecae suspicionis torm5to1--( exagg]at$ fe>s inspir$ by ! _s ( c>p+ self-criticism1 = :i* cp4 #d #c3 #g #ad4 ,! v]b is f\nd 9 ! same s5se 9 #c #aj infelicem calumni&i se po5am3 viii4 prooem4 #ca nullus e/ f9is calumni&i se et cum s+ulis pa5e syllabis commori5di4 ,cp4 ,pl94 xxxiv4 #h1 #ai #ib calumniator sui1 ( "o :o is ov]-anxi\s 9 reg>d to 8 "w4 ,cic]o uses ! v]b absolutely3 ad ,fam4 ix4 #b1 #c mihi quidem v5it 9 m5tem bellum esse aliquo exire 444 s$ calumniab> ipse3 putabam qui obviam mihi v5isset 444 suspicaturum aut dicturum1 c41 :]e ! mean+ is #8,i indulg$ gr\ndless fe>s' 7,ngelsba*1 p4 #ed74 ,! ^w calumnia is d]iv$ f ! root calv f\nd 9 calvor1 to trick1 quibble1 ?r\gh a p>ticipial =m 99calvom5os1 calumnus 7cp4 autumnus1 a]umna1 columna74 ,its fir/ mean+ is a malici\s *>ge or #8cavil'3 ad ,fam4 i4 #a1 #a1 religionis calumniam1 ! #8trump$-up plea ( a religi\s difficulty4' ,h5ce x 0 appli$ 9 ,roman law 7,gaius #d1 #agh7 to ! vexati\s abuse ( legal =ms1 *ican]y1 legal quirks & quibbles1 & g5]ally to ! pettifogg+ t5d5cy :i* exalts ! lett] above ! _s4 v]um sangu9em p]didisse3 cp4 #d #c exsanguia4 sancta et gravis3 8 /yle is #8solemn & weighty1' xii4 #aj1 #aa #8sanctitatem ,calvi4' ca/igata1 #8*a/5$1' #8sev]ely f9i%$'3 cp4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #bib c>m5 repreh5dite quod non ,multa dies et multa litura co]cuit atque ,praesectum decies non ca/igavit ad unguem1 i4e4 by prun+ away ev]y?+ t is useless & inappropriate3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #be ad/rictior ,calvus1 num]osior ,as9ius4 frequ5t]3 see on #ag4 vehem5s3 cp4 ,s54 ,controv4 viii4 #g #aad solebat praet]ea exc$]e subsellia sua et impetu latus usque ad adv]s>iorum p>tem transcurr]e4 ,s5eca adds t he resembl$ ,demo/h5es inasmu* z he 0 all /ruggle & excitem5t1 ?\gh he sometimes employ$ a g5tl] /yle1 ib4 #h nihil 9 illa 7compositione7 placidum1 nihil l5e e/1 omnia excitata et fluctuantia4 prop]ata mors3 cp4 immatura mors4 ,he di$ at ! e>ly age ( #cd4 ,cp4 ,brutus #bgi faci5da m5tio e/ 444 duorum adulesc5tium 7,curio & ,calvus7 qui si diutius vixiss5t magnam ess5t eloqu5tiae laudem consecuti4 adiecturus1 i4e4 if x 0 likely t he w\ld h add$ to ! purity ( 8 diction o!r & ri*] qualities4 ,! cold dry mann] ( ! /ricte/ ,attici/s fail$ to hold ! e> ( ,roman audi5ces3 ,brut4 #bhi subsellia gr&iorem et pl5iorem vocem desid]ant1 a l>g] & full] utt]ance ?an t ( ! ,attici/s :o spoke #8angu/e et exilit]4' ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 detracturus3 sc4 nimia contra se calumnia4 ,he is exilis en\gh z x is4 ,i3#aaf ,et ,s]vius ,sulpicius insignem non imm]ito famam tribus orationibus m]uit4 ,multa1 si cum iudicio legatur1 dabit imitatione digna ,cassius ,sev]us1 qui si cet]is virtutibus colorem et gravitatem orationis adiecisset1 pon5dus int] praecipuos =et4 #aaf4 ,s]vius ,sulpicius ,rufus1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ juri/ ( ,cic]o's day1 consul ,b4,c4 #ea4 ,see reff4 9 ,brutus #aej3 #aeb3 #aec 7adiunxit etiam et litt]>um sci5tiam et loqu5di elegantiam74 ,8 lett] ( sympa?y to ,cic]o on ! dea? ( ,tullia is well kn[n3 ad ,fam4 iv4 #e4 ,cp4 #e #d3 #g #cj & above #bb4 m]uit consecutus e/1 z #id4 ,see on #gb4 ,cassius ,sev]us fl\ri%$ "u ,augu/us1 & 0 bani%$ on acc\nt ( 8 libell\s attacks 7procacibus scriptis71 fir/ to ,crete & !n to ,s]iphos1 :]e he is said to h di$ ,a4,d4 #cd1 9 ! tw5ty-fif? ye> ( 8 exile2 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #ba3 i4 #gb4 ,he is spok5 ( z ! introduc] ( ! new s*ool ( declamatory eloqu5ce1 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ai ,antiquorum admiratores 444 ,cassium ,sev]um 444 primum affirmant flexisse ab illa vet]e atque directa dic5di via1 c43 ibid4 #bf equidem non negav]im ,cassium ,sev]um 444 si iis comp>etur qui po/ea fu]unt1 posse oratorem voc>i1 quamquam 9 magna p>te librorum suorum plus bilis habeat quam sangu9is3 primus enim contempto ord9e r]um1 omissa mode/ia ac pudore v]borum1 ipsis etiam quibus utitur armis incompositus et /udio f]i5di pl]umque detectus1 non pugnat s$ rixatur2 cet]um 444 et v>ietate eruditionis et lepore urbanitatis et ips>am virium robore multum cet]os sup]at4 colorem3 cp4 on #ei4 ,! ^w is n "h us$ 9 ! te*nical s5se :i* x be>s 9 rhetoric1 i4e4 ! p>ticul> aspect giv5 to a case by a skilful repres5tation ( ! facts1--! #8gloss' or #8v>ni%' put on !m by ei!r ! accus$ or ! accus]4 ,= ?is s5se see iv4 #b1 #hh3 ,inv4 vi4 #bgi ,dic aliquem1 sodes1 dic ,qu9tiliane colorem3 vii4 #aee ) ,mayor's note4 ,"h x has a m g5]al s5se4 ,qu9tilian is *>g+ ,cassius ) a want ( prop] #8tone'3 cp4 omissa mode/ia ac pudore v]borum1 above3 ,cic4 de ,or4 iii4 #if ornatur oratio g5]e primum et quasi colore quodam et suco suo4 gravitatem3 ,cassius 0 want+ 9 dignity1 & 8 wit 0 apt to c>ry him too f>4 ,qu9tilian gives an in/ance ( ?is xi4 #a1 #eg2 ,s5eca1 ,controv4 iii4 praef4 #b says h[ev] #8gravitas1 quae de]at vitae1 actioni sup]]at4' ,i3#aag ,nam et +5ii plurimum e/ 9 eo et ac]bitas mira et urbanitas et f]vor1 s$ plus /oma*o quam consilio d$it4 ,praet]ea #aae ut am>i sales1 ita frequ5t] am>itudo ipsa ridicula e/4 #aag4 +5ii plurimum3 ,tacitus 7,ann4 iv4 #ba7 all[s t he 0 #8or&i validus'3 & ,s5eca 7l4c47 says oratio eius erat val5s culta +5tibus pl5a s5t5tiis 444 non e/ quod illum ex 8 quae edidit ae/imetis 444 eloqu5tia eius longe maior erat quam lectio4 ac]bitas mira3 cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 i4 #gb commotus ,cassii ,sev]i libid9e qua viros fem9asque inlu/res procacibus scriptis diffamav]at4 urbanitas1 v4 on #aae4 ,= examples see vi4 #a1 #dc3 viii4 #c1 #hi3 xi4 #c1 #acc4 et f]vor3 see ,crit4 ,notes1 & cp4 #aae ,s5eca l4c4 habebat 444 g5us dic5di 444 ard5s et concitatum4 /oma*o3 he 0 full ( passionate impulse3 cp4 ! passage quot$ f ,dial4 #bf above4 praet]ea 444 ridicula e/4 ,spald+'s int]pretation ( ?is passage is foll[$ by ,krg] 7#bnd ed47 & ,hild3 ! o!r editors d n seem to h felt any difficulty4 ,! s5t5ce is tak5 9 cont9uation ( ! praise ( ,cassius1 atta*+ closely to #8urbanitas'3 ! words f s$ plus to d$it be+ !n int]ject$ z ! only note ( disp>agem5t4 ,! lit]al translation w\ld !n be #8:ile 8 wit is bitt]1 ! bitt]ness itself is (t5 en\gh to make y laugh4' #8,he has a cau/ic wit1 b 8 cau/icity by itself w (t5 make y laugh4' ,= ?is s5se ( ridicula 7,sp4 #8risum movet auditorum'7 cp4 vi4 #c1 #bb ridiculum 444 haec tota disputatio a ,graecis inscribitur3 #c #f ridiculum 7#8funny1' #8droll'7 dictum pl]umque falsum e/ 7ad hoc semp] humile74 ,frieze comp>es vi4 #c1 #g3 & adds #8success 9 excit+ ! mir? ( ! c\rt & ! audi5ce is n always a pro( ( ! orator's wit2 b is (t5 due to m]e bitt]ness ( invective1 & co>se & r\gh or droll t]ms ( abuse4' ,"o objection to ?is int]pretation is ! arrangem5t ( ! s5t5ces3 praet]ea 444 ridicula e/ connects ev5 m naturally ) s$ plus 444 d$it ?an ) ! eulogy conta9$ 9 urbanitas et f]vor4 ,& x may be d\bt$ if ,qu9tilian or any o!r writ] :o _h j be5 c5sur+ ,cassius = /oma*us w\ld imm$iately g on 7us+ ridiculus 9 a good s5se7 to say t #8(t5 :5 he is m]ely bitt] )\t be+ witty 7?is is ! =ce ( am>itudo ipsa1 cp4 note on #de7 he makes y laugh4' ,droll]y c h>dly be claim$ = unreliev$ acrimoni\sness4 ,a bett] s5se c be obta9$ by tak+ am>itudo ipsa ridicula e/ z "p n ( ! praise b ( ! c5sure ( ,cassius1 & int]pret+ ridicula z #8silly1' #8absurd1' #8ridicul\s4' ,cic]o uses ! ^w 9 ?is s5se1 & !re is abundant au?ority 9 ,qu9tilian himself3 cp4 s9t gr&ia et tumida1 non /ulta etiam et acrioribus oculis intu5ti ridicula ii4 #aj1 #f2 ridiculum e/ v4 #ac1 #g2 fecit enim risum s$ ridiculus fuit vi4 #a1 #dh2 quibus nos 444 ridiculi videmur vii4 #a1 #dc3 ix4 #c1 #ajj2 x4 #c1 #ba2 xi4 #c1 #abh4 ,! mean+ !n is #8:ile 8 wit is bitt]1 yet bitt]ness by itself is silly1' i4e4 8 wit has a bitt] turn1 b :]e he is 7z (t57 bitt] )\t be+ witty1 ! result is poor4 ,!re is und\bt$ly some?+ unsatisfactory ab\t ut am>i sales 7sc4 sunt71 :i* might well h a g5]al ref]5ce4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,i3#aah ,sunt alii multi dis]ti1 quos p]sequi longum e/4 ,eorum quos vid]im ,domitius ,af] et ,iulius ,africanus longe prae/antissimi4 #aaf ,v]borum arte ille et toto g5]e dic5di praef]5dus et quem 9 num]o vet]um hab]e non timeas3 hic concitatior1 s$ 9 cura v]borum nimius et compositione nonnumquam longior et translationibus p>um modicus4 ,erant cl>a et nup] +5ia4 #aah4 dis]ti "h1 z 9 #fh & #c #ac1 almo/ synonym\s ) eloqu5tes4 ,9 viii4 pr4 #ac1 h[ev]1 ,qu9tilian quotes a say+ ( ,m4 ,antonius1 :i* 0 meant to e/abli% a diff]5ce3 nam et ,m4 ,antonius 444 cum a se dis]tos visos esse multos ait1 eloqu5tem nem9em1 dis]to satis putat dic]e quae oporteat1 ornate autem dic]e proprium esse eloqu5tis4 ,cp4 i4 #aj1 #h #8,fuit aliquis s9e 8 dis]tus'3 #8at ego oratorem volo4' ,cic]o gives ! same quotation3 ,orat4 #ah3 de ,orat4 i4 #id1 :]e ! reason = ! di/9ction betwe5 ! #8accompli%$ speak]' & #8! eloqu5t orator' is giv5 by ,antonius himself1--quod ego eum /atuebam dis]tum1 qui posset satis acute atque dilucide apud m$iocres hom9es ex communi quadam op9ione hom9um dic]e1 eloqu5tem v]o1 qui mirabilius et magnific5tius aug]e posset atque orn>e quae vellet1 omnesque omnium r]um1 quae ad dic5dum p]t9]5t1 fontes animo ac memoria cont9]et4 ,cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 v4 #bj #e4 ,= ! d]ivation ( dis]tus v4 ,s&ys on ,orat4 #ah4 longum e/3 ! action is spok5 ( z /ill possible4 ,roby #agce4 ,s ,cic4 pro ,se/4 #e3 ,longum e/ ea dic]e3 s$ hoc breve dicam4 ,cp4 #b #d1 #g3 #e #g3 #f #b4 quos vid]im3 see on #ih4 ,9 xii4 #aj1 #aa he has #89 iis etiam quos ipsi vidimus1' m5tion+ bo? ,af] & ,africanus4 ,qu9tilian's fondness = ! p]fect subjunctive is m>k$3 cp4 xii4 #e1 #e4 ,domitius ,af]3 see on #hf3 cp4 v4 #g1 #g quem adolesc5tulus s5em colui4 ,iulius ,africanus3 a native ( ,gaul1 :o fl\ri%$ "u ,n]o4 ,9 xii4 #aj1 #aa he is aga9 nam$ alongside ( ,af]1--vires ,africani1 maturitatem ,afri4 ,he is quot$ z speak+ to ,n]o 9 ! "n ( ,gaul viii4 #e1 #ae ,insignit] ,africanus apud ,n]onem de morte matris3 rogant #aaf te1 ,caes>1 ,galliae tuae1 ut felicitatem tuam =tit] f]as4 ,he divid$ ! palm ( eloqu5ce ) ,af]3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ae1 ,he 0 a son ( ! ,iulius ,africanus ( :om ,tacitus speaks 7,ann4 vi4 #g7 z e ,santonis ,gallica civitate 7,sa9tonge1 to ! ,n4 ( ! l[] ,g>onne73 a gr&son ( 81 also an orator1 is m5tion$ by ,pl9y vii4 #f1 #aa4 9 num]o vet]um3 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ae1 ad f94 compositione3 v4 on #gi4 ,if x has ! same mean+ "h1 x mu/ ! euphoni\s collocation ( words3 see ,cic]o ,orat4 #adg de v]bis enim compon5dis1 c41 & #adi sq4 ,qu9tilian treats ( compositio ix4 #d1 #a3 ,tr4 #8t$i\s 9 8 phraseology'3 viii4 #c1 #eb3 ix4 #d1 #add neque longioribus quam oportet hyp]bolis compositioni s]viamus4 longior3 i4e4 he us$ #8padd+' 9 ! ef=t to r\nd (f 8 p]iods4 translationibus3 viii4 #f1 #d sq43 esp4 #af s$ copia quoque modum egressa vitiosa e/1 praecipue 9 eadem specie4 ,i3#aai ,nam et ,tra*alus pl]umque sublimis et satis ap]tus fuit et quem velle optima cr$]es1 auditus tam5 maior2 nam et vocis1 quantam 9 nullo cognovi1 felicitas et pronuntiatio vel sca5is suffectura et decor1 omnia d5ique ei1 quae sunt extra1 sup]fu]unt3 et ,vibius ,crispus compositus et iucundus et delectationi #aag natus1 privatis tam5 causis quam publicis melior4 #aai4 ,tra*alus1 ,m4 ,gal]ius3 consul ,a4,d4 #fh along ) ,silius ,italicus4 ,tacitus 7,hi/4 i4 #ij7 tells u he 0 suppos$ to h writt5 ! spee* deliv]$ by ,o?o to an assembly ( ! p3 9 rebus urbanis ,gal]ii ,tra*ali +5io ,o?onem uti cr$ebatur4 ,et erant qui g5us ipsum or&i nosc]5t1 crebro =i usu celebre et ad inpl5das populi aures latum et sonans4 ,aft] ,o?o's dea? he 0 =tunate 9 secur+ ! protection ( ,gal]ia1 wife ( ,vitellius 7ibid4 ii4 #fj71 :o may h be5 a relation ( 84 ,f viii4 #e1 #ai we le>n t he _h publi%$ an oration ,contra ,spatalem1 9 a case :]e ,vibius ,crispus appe>$ = ! accus$4 ,cp4 vi4 #c1 #gh4 velle optima1 n #8well-mean+1' 9 a moral s5se1 b ) ref]5ce to qualities ( /yle3 cp4 bel[ #abb ad optima t5d5tium3 #aca meliora vellet4 auditus maior4 ,9 ! passage (t5 quot$ already 7xii4 #aj1 #aa7 ,qu9tilian s+les out 8 sonus = special m5tion1--#8sonum ,tra*ali4'--,g]tz sugge/$ melior = maior4 vocis 444 felicitas3 cp4 xii4 #e1 #e1 :]e1 aft] enum]at+ vox1 latus1 & decor z ! #8naturalia in/rum5ta' ( ! orator1 he ref]s specially to ! #8ext]nal advantages' 7cp4 omnia 444 quae sunt extra1 bel[7 ( ,tra*alus3 ,habuit oratores aetas no/ra copiosiores1 s$ cum dic]et em9]e int] aequales ,tra*alus videbatur1 ,ea corporis sublimitas erat1 is ardor oculorum1 frontis auctoritas1 ge/us prae/antia1 vox quidem non1 ut ,cic]o desid]at1 pa5e trago$orum s$ sup] omnes1 quos ego quidem audi]im1 trago$os4 ,c]te cum 9 basilica ,iulia dic]et primo tribunali1 quattuor autem iudicia1 ut moris e/1 cog]5tur1 atque omnia clamoribus frem]5t1 et auditum eum et intellectum et1 quod ag5tibus cet]is contumeliosissimum fuit1 laudatum quoque ex quattuor tribunalibus mem9i4 ,s$ hoc votum e/ et r>a felicitas4 suffectura1 conditional1 = quae suffectura fuisset1 )\t ! protasis si voluisset4 ,cp4 note on habitura #ii4 ,s taciturus xi4 #b1 #af4 ,hor4 ,c>4 iv4 #c1 #bj donatura1 si libeat3 & ii4 #f1 #a 7:]e !re is no protasis71 ,septimi ,gades aditure mecum--,= pronuntiatio see on #ag4 sup]fu]unt1 he _h an abundant %>e ( su* advantages4 ,vibius ,crispus1 a delator ( ! age ( ,n]o1 :o amass$ great weal? by ! practice ( 8 pr(ession d[n to ab\t ,a4,d4 #ij4 ,tac4 ,hi/4 ii4 #aj ,vibius ,crispus1 pecunia pot5tia +5io int] cl>os magis quam int] bonos 444 ,crispum easdem accusationes cum praemio ex]cuisse mem9]ant3 ibid4 iv4 #da1 #dc4 ,9 ! ,dialogue ,tacitus speaks ( ! fame ( 8 eloqu5ce1 *4 #h ausim cont5d]e ,m>cellum ,eprium et ,crispum ,vibium #aag non m9ores esse 9 extremis p>tibus t]r>um quam ,capuae aut ,v]cellis1 ubi nati dicuntur2 hoc 444 illis prae/at 444 ipsa eloqu5tia4442 p] multos iam annos pot5tissimi sunt civitatis ac1 donec libuit1 pr9cipes =i1 nunc pr9cipes 9 ,caes>is 7i4e4 ,vespasiani7 amicitia agunt f]untque cuncta1 c4 ,& yet 7ibid4 #ac7 ,adligati canum adulatione nec imp]antibus unquam satis s]vi vid5tur nec nobis satis lib]i4 ,t he 0 /ill 9 fav\r ) ,domitian appe>s f ,suet4 #c int] initia pr9cipatus quotidie secretum sibi hor>ium sum]e solebat2 nec quidquam amplius quam muscas capt>e ac /ylo praeacuto config]e3 ut cuidam int]roganti esset ne quis intus cum ,caes>e non absurde responsum sit a ,vibio ,crispo #8,ne musca quidem4' ,8 weal? 0 prov]bial3 divitior ,crispo ,m>t4 iv4 #ed1 #g3 he 0 wor? #bjj1jjj1jjj se/]ces1 or ev5 #cjj1jjj1jjj accord+ to ,dial4 #h4 ,by its means he 0 enabl$ to %elt] 8 bro!r ,vibius ,secundus1 :5 accus$ ( #8repetundae' 9 ,mauretania3 ,tac4 ,ann4 xiv4 #bh4 ,juv5al gives a sket* ( 8 "* iv4 #ha-ic ,v5it et ,crispi iucunda s5ectus ,cuius erant mores qualis facundia mite ,+5ium 444 nec civis erat qui lib]a posset ,v]ba animi pr(]re et vitam imp5d]e v]o 444 ,sic multas hiemes atque octogesima vidit ,sol/itia 8 armis illa 7( ,domitian7 quoque tutus 9 aula4 compositus3 g5]ally appli$ to /yle1 #8well-balanc$1' e4g4 #dd l5is et nitidi et compositi g5]is3 cp4 ,cic]o ,orat4 #bjh composita oratio4 ,"h ! epi!t is transf]r$ to ! orator 9 ! s5se ( #8ord]ly1' #8f9i%$' 9 ! *oice & comb9ation ( words4 ,cp4 ,orat4 #bcb compositi oratoris b5e /ructam collocationem dissolv]e p]mutatione v]borum3 #b #af bel[ fiunt 444 pro 444 compositis exultantes3 #ff incompositus4 iucundus1 #8lively1 agreeable1 ent]ta9+'3 cp4 ,crispi iucunda s5ectus1 ,iuv41 quot$ above4 ,9 xii4 #aj1 #aa ,qu9tilian places iucunditatem ,crispi alongside ( ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( o!r orators3 cp4 v4 #ac1 #dh ,vibius ,crispus vir +5ii iucundi et elegantis4 ,i3#abj ,iulio ,secundo1 si longior contigisset aetas1 cl>issimum pr(ecto nom5 oratoris apud po/]os =et2 adiecisset enim atque adiciebat cet]is virtutibus suis quod desid]>i pote/1 id e/ autem ut esset multo magis pugnax et saepius ad curam r]um ab elocutione respic]et4 #abj4 ,iulius ,secundus is highly spok5 ( #c #ab bel[3 aequalem meum atque a me1 ut notum e/1 famili>it] amatum1 mirae facundiae virum1 inf9itae tam5 curae3 & 9 xii4 #aj1 #aa he is nam$ z conspicu\s = #8elegantia4' ,he is "o ( ! int]locutors 9 ! ,dialogue ( ,tacitus1 :]e he is made to pose z umpire betwe5 ! repres5tatives ( ,imp]ial & ,republican eloqu5ce3 cp4 esp4 *4 #b ,ap] et ,iulius ,secundus1 celeb]rima tum 7"u ,vespasian7 +5ia =i no/ri 444 ,secundo purus et pressus et 9 quantum satis erat pr(lu5s s]mo non defuit3 *s4 #d & #ad4 adiciebat3 he _h begun ! improvem5t :5 dea? ov]took him4 ,he di$ ab\t #hh ,a4,d41 n long be=e ,qu9tilian began 8 ,in/itutio4 curam r]um3 he is to c>e = sub/ance z well z =m4 ,fabianus 9 ,s5eca 7,epi/4 #ajj7 _h ! opposite fault3 visne illum assid]e pusillae rei1 v]bis8 ,i3#aba ,cet]um int]ceptus quoque magnum sibi v9dicat locum3 ea e/ facundia1 tanta 9 explic&o quod velit gratia1 tam c&idum et l5e et speciosum dic5di g5us1 tanta v]borum etiam quae adsumpta sunt proprietas1 tanta 9 #aah quibusdam ex p]iculo petitis significantia4 #aba4 int]ceptus3 s vi4 pr4 #a si me 444 fata int]cepiss5t4 c&idum3 #8lucid1' v4 on #gc 7,h]odotus71 & cp4 #aac ,messalla 444 c&idus3 #aja cl>issimi c&oris1 ( ,livy4 l5e opp4 to =te et vehem5s dic5di g5us3 #dd4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 adsumpta translata1 #8us$ figuratively4' ,cp4 viii4 #c1 #dc adsum]e ea1 quibus inlu/rem fi]i orationem putat1 delecta1 translata1 sup]lata1 ad nom5 adiuncta1 duplicata et idem significantia atque ab ipsa actione atque imitatione r]um non abhorr5tia4 ,:5 ! process is c>ri$ too f> ! v]ba adsumpta1 become arcessita viii4 #c4 #ef4 proprietas1 v4 on #df4 #aah ex p]iculo3 ii4 #ab1 #e quod e/ 9 elocutione ipsa p]iculum3 viii4 #f1 #aa 7v]ba7 quae audaci et proxime p]iculum translatione tolluntur 444 qualis e/3 pontem indignatus ,araxes4 ,cp4 pa5e p]iclitantia xi4 #a1 #cb4 ,= ! phrase ex p]iculo pet]e cp4 ii4 #aa1 #c s5t5tiis gr&ibus1 qu>um optima quaeque a p]iculo pet>ur4 ,gr4 4 significantia3 #di4 ,i3#abb ,habebunt qui po/ nos de oratoribus scrib5t magnam eos qui nunc vig5t mat]iam v]e laud&i2 sunt enim summa hodie1 quibus inlu/ratur =um1 +5ia4 ,namque et consummati iam patroni vet]ibus aemulantur et eos iuv5um ad optima t5d5tium imitatur ac sequitur indu/ria4 #abb4 eos qui nunc vig5t4 ,:o ^! 7 we c inf] f ! ,dialogue ( ,tacitus & f ,pl9y's ,lett]s1 e4g4 ,ap]1 ,m>cellus1 ,mat]nus1 ,aquilius ,regulus1 & o!rs4 ,qu9tilian mu/ ( c\rse h meant to include ,tacitus & ,pl9y !mselves4 consummati3 (t5 equival5t to p]fectus 9 ,qu9tilian3 #e #ad4 ,cp4 above #hi4 ,x is comb9$ ) p]fectus v4 #aj1 #aai ne se 444 p]fectos prot9us atque consummates put5t4 vet]ibus4 ,aemul>i occurs else:]e ) ! accusative1 #fb2 #b #ag4 ,s ( envi\s emulation ,cic4 ,tusc4 i4 #dd3 cp4 iv4 #ag ) ! dative ( ! p]son4 iuv5um ad optima t5d5tium4 ,hild ref]s to ! spee*es ( ,messalla & ,mat]nus 9 ! ,dial4 7#bh-cj1 #cd-cf7 z indicat+ ! oratorical aspirations ( ! y\? ( ,rome :5 ,qu9tilian wrote4 ,i3#abc ,sup]sunt qui de philosophia scrips]9t1 quo 9 g5]e paucissimos adhuc eloqu5tes litt]ae ,romanae tul]unt4 ,idem igitur ,m4 ,tullius1 qui ubique1 etiam 9 hoc op]e ,platonis aemulus #aai extitit4 ,egregius v]o multoque quam 9 orationibus prae/antior ,brutus suffecit pond]i r]um3 scias eum s5tire quae dicit4 #abc4 philosophia4 ,= ! attitude ( ! ,romans to philosophy see ,teuffel1 #dj sq4 ,ab/ract speculation1 lead+ to no practical end1 0 n held 9 hon\r by !m3 l ,neoptolemus1 9 ! play ( ,ennius1 !y said #8philosoph>i e/ mihi necesse1 at paucis 7i4e4 #8only a little'3 ,roby1 #abcg7 nam omn9o haud placet1'--,cic]o de ,orat4 ii4 #aef3 de ,repub4 i4 #ah1 #cj3 ,pacuvius too 79 ,gell4 xiii4 #h7 _h made "o ( 8 *>act]s exclaim3 ego odi hom9es ignava op]a et philosopha s5t5tia4 ,! ,romans dislik$ ! unsettl+ t5d5cies :i* seem$ to accompany ! /udy ( philosophy3 h5ce e4g4 _! treatm5t ( ! ,a!nian ambassadors 9 ! middle ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! prejudice aga9/ su* /udies _h by no means entirely disappe>$ ev5 9 ! "t ( ,cic]o1 :o con/antly apologises = & seeks to ju/ify 8 lean+s to philosophy3 de ,(f4 ii4 #a1 #b sqq43 de ,f94 i4 #a1 #a4 ,tacitus1 ,agricola #d1 tells u t ,agricola us$ to say #8se prima 9 iuv5ta /udium philosophiae acrius1 ultra quam concessum ,romano ac s5atori1 hausisse1 ni prud5tia matris inc5sum ac flagrantem animum co]cuisset4' ,ab\t ! "t :5 ,qu9tilian 0 writ+1 ,domitian bani%$ ! philosoph]s f ,rome3 ibid4 *4 #b4 ,= ! help :i* philosophy c give to oratory see xii4 #aa1 :i* conta9s 7#g7 an expression ( ! ,roman ideal3 atqui ego illum quem in/ituo ,romanum qu5dam velim esse sapi5tem1 qui non secretis disputationibus1 s$ r]um exp]im5tis atque op]ibus v]e civilem virum exhibeat4 ,cp4 ,cic]o's boa/ 9 reg>d to himself & ,cato ( ,utica3 nos philosophiam v]am illam et antiquam1 quae quibusdam otii esse ac desidiae videtur1 9 =um atque 9 rempublicam atque 9 ipsam aciem pa5e d$uximus4 ,see on #hd4 paucissimos 444 eloqu5tes4 ,! addition ( an adj4 to ano!r adj4 us$ z a sub/4 is r>e 9 ,qu9tilian4 ,hirt 7,sub/4 des ,adj4 p4 #ag7 cites only five exx4 besides ?is "o3 e4g4 iii4 #h1 #ca antiquis nobilibus ortos4 qui ubique4 ,! s5se is cle>3 x is a repetition ( ! claim made 9 #ajh mihi videtur ,m4 ,tullius 444 eff9xisse vim ,demo/h5is1 copiam ,platonis1 iucunditatem ,isocratis4 ,b x 0 n ubique t ,cic]o rivall$ ,plato3 x 0 only 9 ,plato's own doma9 7sc4 9 hoc op]e74 ,! expression #aai 0 adopt$ = brevity's sake3 ,spald+ says x is equival5t to #8ut ubique ,graecorum prae/antissimi cuiusque1 ita 9 hoc op]e ,platonis4' ,= ,cic]o's philosophical writ+s cp4 ,teuffel1 #agc sq4 ,brutus3 cp4 #bc4 ,he is n includ$ 9 ,qu9tilian's li/ ( orators2 & ?\gh ,cic]o uses t[>ds him ! language ( extravagant eulogy 7v4 esp4 ,brut4 #bb7 9 _m ( 8 works1 yet we "k f a passage 9 ! ,dialogue already quot$ t he sometimes f\nd him #8otiosum atque disiunctum' *4 #ah4 ,cp4 *4 #ba ,brutum philosophiae suae rel9quamus4 ,nam 9 orationibus m9orem esse1 fama sua etiam admiratores eius fat5tur4 ,a ref]5ce foll[s to 8 spee* #8,pro rege ,deiot>o1' :i* ! speak] 7,ap]7 consid]s #8dull & t$i\s'--l5titudo & tepor be+ ! words us$4 ,a fragm5t ( a declamation by him is quot$ ix4 #c #ie-4 ,on 8 philosophical works see ,cic4 ,acad4 i4 #c1 #ab 7) ,reid's note74 ,he 0 an adh]5t ( ! ,/oico-academic s*ool1 ^: t5ets he _h /udi$ "u ,ari/us & ,antio*us3 cp4 ,tusc4 v4 #ba3 ,brut4 #abj1 #adi1 #ccb3 de ,f94 v4 #h4 ,!re 0 a treatise de ,virtute address$ to ,cic]o1 "o 1 & "o de ,pati5tia3 ,teuffel1 #bji #b & #c4 suffecit pond]i r]um3 ,qu9t4 xii4 #aj1 #aa names gravitas z 8 di/+ui%+ quality3 cp4 gravior ,brutus1 ,tac4 ,dial4 *4 #be4 s5tire quae dicit4 ,! int5sity & s9c]ity ( 8 nature c be inf]r$ f ad ,att4 xiv4 #a1 #b1 :]e ,caes> is quot$ z say+ ( him magni ref]t hic quid velit1 s$ quicquid vult valde vult4 ,= 8 devotion to /udy see #g #bg bel[4 ,i3#abd ,scripsit non p>um multa ,cornelius ,celsus1 ,sextios secutus1 non s9e cultu ac nitore4 ,plautus 9 ,/oicis r]um cognitioni utilis4 ,9 ,epicureis levis quidem1 s$ non iniucundus tam5 #abj auctor e/ ,catius4 #abd4 non p>um multa3 litotes1 z at vi4 #b1 #c semp] fu]unt non p>um multi4--,be*] comp>es also non p>um multi ,cic4 9 ,v]r4 iii4 #i1 #bb3 ,phil4 vii4 #f1 #ah3 pro ,qu9ctio #c1 #aa3 9 ,v]r4 iv4 #ab1 #bi3 p>um saepe de ,f94 ii4 #d1 #ab4 ,! opposite ( non p>um is non nimis3 cp4 ,liv4 xxii4 #bf1 #d haud p>um callide ) ,cic4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 i4 #be1 #gj nihil horum nimis callide4 ,cornelius ,celsus3 a celebrat$ encyclopa$i/ "u ,augu/us & ,tib]ius1 :o wrote on rhetoric1 jurisprud5ce1 f>m+1 m$ic9e1 milit>y art1 & practical philosophy4 ,only eight books on m$ic9e h come d[n to u4 ,he surviv$ into ! reign ( ,n]o4 ,cp4 #bc above4 ,( 8 philosophy ,augu/9e writes z foll[s 7de ,ha]es4 ,prol473 op9iones omnium philosophorum qui sectas v>ias condid]unt usque ad tempora sua 444 sex non p>vis volum9ibus 444 absolvit2 nec r$>guit aliquem1 s$ tantum quid s5tir5t ap]uit1 ea brevitate s]monis ut tantum adhib]et eloquii quantum 444 ap]i5dae iudic&aeque s5t5tiae suffic]et4 ,9 xii4 #aa1 #bd ,qu9tilian ref]s to ! univ]sality ( 8 k1 ?\gh he speaks ( him z m$iocri vir +5io4 8,9 o!r passages also ,qu9tilian (t5 expresses 8 disagreem5t f ?is pr$ecessor ( 81 e4g4 ii4 #ae1 #bb1 #cb3 iii4 #f1 #ac sq43 viii4 #c1 #dg3 ix4 #a1 #ah 444 ,ev5 :5 he agrees ) him he does s ) res]ve1 e4g4 vii4 #a1 #aj4--;,x may be t ,qu9tilian 0 vex$ t a subject to :i* he _h devot$ an entire life 0 m]ely cursorily treat$ by ,celsus1 & besides an encyclopa$ia might easily be op5 to te*nical objections4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,celsus' rhetorical manual 0 obscur$ by t ( ,qu9tilian4 ,x is m5tion$ only by ,=tunat4 iii4 #b 7p4 #aba1 #aj ,h70--,teuffel1 #bge4 ,sextios4 ,! ,sextii1 fa!r & son1 7 contempor>y ) ,caes> & ,augu/us1 & belong$ to ! ,py?agorean s*ool1 ?\gh n )\t a lean+ to ! ,/oics 7,s5eca1 ,ep4 #fd #b-74 ,s5eca speaks frequ5tly ( ! eld] ,sextius 9 8 lett]s3 e4g4 #ei #g- #8virum acrem1 ,graecis v]bis1 ,romanis moribus philosophantem4' ,9 ! ,nat4 ,quae/4 vii4 #cb1 #b we are told h[ _! foll[+--#8,sextiorum nova et ,romani roboris secta'--soon fell away3 #8int] initia sua ext9cta e/1' v4 ,teuffel #bfa4 cultu ac nitore3 v4 #gi & #hc1 ) notes4 ,plautus4 ,! text is n c]ta9 7see ,crit4 ,notes71 b z ,qu9tilian else:]e 7ii4 #ad1 #b & iii4 #f1 #bc7 ref]s to a philosoph] #abj ( ?is "n z employ+ ! unusual words que5tia & ess5tia1 x may z well be reta9$4 7,9 ii4 #ad1 #b h[ev] ,mei/] reads ,flavi3 cp4 ,teuffel1 #bfa1 #i47 levis3 #8( no weight4' ,catius1 an ,insubrian by bir?1 contempor>y ) ,cic]o1 :o speaks ( 8 rec5t dea? ad ,fam4 xv4 #af1 #a2 cp4 #ai1 #b ,epicurus1 a quo omnes ,catii et ,amaf9ii1 mali v]borum int]pretes 7ref]r+ to _! fai?ful transcripts ( ,greek t]m9ology7 pr(iciscuntur4 ,! s*olia/ on ,hor4 ,sat4 ii4 #d tells u t he wrote #8quattuor libros de r]um natura et de summo bono4' ,i3#abe ,ex indu/ria ,s5ecam 9 omni g5]e eloqu5tiae di/uli propt] vulgatam falso de me op9ionem1 qua damn>e eum et invisum quoque hab]e sum cr$itus4 ,quod accidit mihi dum corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dic5di g5us revoc>e ad sev]iora iudicia cont5do2 tum autem solus hic f]e 9 manibus adulesc5tium fuit4 #abe4 ,s5eca3 ,a4,d4 #b-fe4 ,= 8 life & works see ,teuffel #bhb sqq41 ,b]nh>dy p4 #hga sq4 ,m>?a gives an e/imate ( ! moral tea*+ ( 8 well-kn[n ,lett]s 9 #8,morali/es s\s l',empire ,roma94' ,qu9tilian's criticism ( ,s5eca is subject$ to a se>*+ exam9ation by ,m4 ,samuel ,ro*eblave 9 a pamphlet ,de ,m4 ,fabio ,qu9tiliano ,l4 ,annaei ,s5ecae ,judice 7,p>is1 #ahij73 see esp4 *s4 iii4 & iv4 ,introduction1 pp4 xxiv4 sqq4 op9ionem4 ,qu9tilian work$ h>d to recall ! ,romans to a m temp]ate & classical /yle4 ,he aim$ too at a p>tial #8return to ,cic]o1' & consid]$ ,s5eca a dang]\s model = ! y\? ( ! day4 ,see ,introduction1 pp4 xxxix4 sqq4 ,fronto & o!rs us$ /rong] language3 e4g4 p4 #aee ,n eloqu5tiam 444 ,s5ecae mollibus et febriculosis prunuleis insitam subv]t5dam c5seo radicitus 444 neque ignoro copiosum s5t5tiis et r$undantem hom9em esse1 v]um s5t5tias eius tolut>es video1 quat]e campum quadrip$o concita cursu1 t5]e nusquam1 pugn>e nusquam 444 dict]ia potius eum quam dicta cont9]e4 ,cp4 ,aul4 ,gell4 xii4 #b1 #a de ,annaeo ,s5eca p>tim exi/imant ut de scriptore m9ime utili1 cuius libros att+]e nullum pretium op]ae sit1 quod oratio eius vulg>is videatur et protrita1 res atque s5t5tiae aut inepto inanique impetu s9t aut levi et quasi dicaci argutia1 eruditio autem v]nacula et plebeia nihilque ex vet]um scriptis hab5s neque gratiae neque dignitatis4 ,alii v]o elegantiae 9 v]bis p>um esse non infitias eunt1 s$ et r]um quas dicat sci5tiam doctr9amque ei non deesse dicunt et 9 vitiis morum obiurg&is sev]itatem gravitatemque non inv5u/am4 ,s too ,caligula 7,suet4 #ec7 _h call$ ,s5eca's productions ar5a s9e calce1 commissiones m]ae4 damn>e 444 invisum hab]e4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ?is ( a moral judgm5t1 ?\gh "s ( ,qu9tilian's contempor>ies1 notably ,tacitus1 dislik$ ,s5eca1 probably because !y c\ld n acquit him f blame 9 reg>d to 8 pupil ,n]o's excesses1 & o!r matt]s4 ,! only p>allel to et invisum quoque 9 classical ,lat9 is said by ,be*] to be ,cic4 pro ,domo #dg quoniam iam dialecticus es et haec quoque liguris4 ,x does n occur 9 ,caes>1 seldom 9 ,livy1 b frequ5tly 9 ,qu9tilian4 ,cp4 on #bj4 corruption 444 g5us4 ,he is n speak+ ( ! false ta/e ( ,s5eca's /yle exclusively1 b ( ! g5]al det]ioration t prevail$3 cp4 #dc rec5s haec lascivia4 dum cont5do3 #8?r\gh ! ef=ts ,i made'3 ! tum :i* foll[s %[s t x ref]s to pa/ "t4 solus hic f]e 9 manibus4 ,tac4 ,ann4 xiii4 #c fuit illi viro +5ium amo5um et temporis eius auribus adcommodatum4 ,9 8 endeav\rs to introduce a pur] ta/e ,qu9tilian naturally made s popul> an au?or z ,s5eca ! peg on :i* to hang 8 disc\rse4 ,i3#abf ,quem non equidem omn9o conab> excut]e1 s$ potioribus praef]ri non s9ebam1 quos ille non de/it]at incess]e1 cum div]si sibi conscius #aba g5]is plac]e se 9 dic5do posse iis quibus illi plac]5t diffid]et4 ,amabant autem eum magis quam imitabantur1 tantumque ab illo defluebant quantum ille ab antiquis desc5d]at4 #abf4 excut]e3 sc4 e manibus adulesc5tium4 incess]e4 ,at ! close ( ! passage quot$ above1 ,gellius goes on to quote1 ) mu* indignation1 ,s5eca's disp>ag+ criticism ( ,ennius1 ,cic]o1 & ,v]gil1 f ,book xxii ( ! ,lett]s to ,lucilius 7no long] extant74 ,9 ,ep4 #aad we f9d #aba him c5sor+ ,sallu/ & ^? :o imitat$ him4 ,sueton4 ,n]4 #eb a cognitione vet]um oratorum ,s5eca praeceptor1 quo diutius 9 admiratione sui det9]et 7,n]onem av]tit74 ,= iis1 see ,crit4 ,notes4 defluebant deg5]abant1 i4 #h1 #i qu&o nos 9 omnia delici>um vitia dic5di quoque ratione defluximus4 ,i3#abg ,=et enim opt&um p>es ac saltem proximos illi viro fi]i4 ,s$ placebat propt] sola vitia et ad ea se quisque dirigebat eff+5da1 quae pot]at2 de9de cum se iact>et eodem modo dic]e1 ,s5ecam infamabat4 #abg4 ,=et 444 opt&um1 ( a wi% t is consid]$ impossible1--:i* %[s h[ high 0 ,qu9tilian's op9ion ( ,s5eca3 cp4 ac saltem proximus4 ,s velles #acj4 ,= ! inf94 see ,introd4 p4 lvi4 ad ea 444 eff+5da3 cp4 ,cic4 ,orat4 #i ad illius similitud9em artem et manum dirigebat4 ,= eff+5da cp4 #ajh4 quae pot]at1 sc4 eff+]e3 cp4 ,caes>1 ,b4,c4 #cg quam cel]rime potuit 7comp>>e74 infamabat1 #8br\ght reproa* on4' ,i3#abh ,cuius et multae alioqui et magnae virtutes fu]unt1 +5ium facile et copiosum1 plurimum /udii1 multa r]um cognitio1 9 qua tam5 aliqu&o ab 8 quibus inquir5da qua$am m&abat deceptus e/4 #abh4 alioqui3 see ,introd4 p4 li4 quibus 444 m&abat4 ,especially = physical sci5ce he mu/ h be5 greatly indebt$ to ext]nal aid4 ,8 ,,vii ,books #8,naturalium ,quae/ionum1' ) ! addition ( moral m$itations1 7 us$ z a text-book 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,i3#abi ,tractavit etiam omnem f]e /udiorum mat]iam2 nam et orationes eius et poemata et epi/ulae et dialogi f]untur4 ,9 philosophia p>um dilig5s1 egregius tam5 vitiorum insectator #abb fuit4 ,multae 9 eo cl>aeque s5t5tiae1 multa etiam morum gratia leg5da1 s$ 9 eloqu5do corrupta pl]aque atque eo p]niciosissima1 quod abundant dulcibus vitiis4 #abi4 orationes4 ,none survive4 ,qu9tilian ref]s 7viii4 #e1 #ah7 to ! spee* he made = ,n]o on ! occasion ( 8 "m's fun]al3 ,tac4 ,ann4 xiii4 #c1 cp4 #aa4 ,x is probable also t ,s5eca wrote ! spee*es m5tion$ by ,suet4 ,n]4 #g1 ! #8grati>um actio' 9 ! ,s5ate1 #8pro ,bononi5sibus lat9e1 pro ,rhodiis atque ,ili5sibus graece4' ,he also plead$ ) success 9 ! law-c\rts 7,dion ,cass4 #ei1 #ai1 #g474 poemata4 ,t ,s5eca wrote poetry is evid5t f ,tacitus ,ann4 xiv4 #eb1 :]e 8 accus]s1 9 ord] to prejudice him 9 ! eyes ( ,n]o 7:o 0 jeal\s ( 8 reputation z a poet & an orator71--obiiciebant etiam eloqu5tiae laudem uni sibi adscisc]e et c>m9a crebrius factit>e po/quam ,n]oni amor eorum v5isset3 cp4 ,suet4 ,n]4 #eb4 ,he is said also to h writt5 epigrams1 & o!r =ms ( v]se4--,8 trag$ies are n ref]r$ to "h1 ?\gh ,qu9tilian quotes f ! ,m$ea ix4 #b1 #h3 see = !m ,teuffel #bhe2 ,b]nh>dy1 note #cbb4 epi/ulae4 ,! ,epi/ulae ,morales ad ,lucilium1 z we h !m n[ 7see #crd vol4 ( ,teubn] edition71 are #abd 9 numb]1 arrang$ 9 tw5ty books4 ,!re 7 m h[ev] orig9ally1 & ,priscian speaks ( ,book x ( ! lett]s to ,novatus 79 decimo epi/ul>um ad ,novatum71 :ile ,m>tial 7vii4 #de1 #c7 ref]s to lett]s to ,caesonius ,maximus1 ( :i* we "k no?+ m4 dialogi1 i4e4 ! works call$ by ?is "n 9 ! ,milan ,,ms41 n 8 trag$ies1 ?\gh ^! 7 writt5 to be read r ?an to be act$4 ,!re are twelve ( !m 7v4 ,teuffel #bhd #d-71 & ea* is d$icat$ to "s p>ticul> individual4 ,!re is besides ! ,de ,clem5tia ad ,n]onem1 & a ,dialogus de ,sup]/itione 7no long] extant except 9 ! fragm5t giv5 9 ,augu/9e's ,c4,d4 vi4 #aj7 direct$ aga9/ ! an?ropomorphism ( popul> sup]/ition4 f]untur3 #bc4 p>um dilig5s3 #8n v critical4' ,he 0 a /ud5t ( life r ?an a /ud5t ( ?\ght4 vitiorum insectator3 cp4 ,lactantius1 #abb ,in/4 ,div4 v4 #i morum vitiorumqne publicorum et descriptor v]issimus et accusator ac]rimus4 eo = ideo3 cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #f1 #hi eoque non 444 ,quod non +5uos habeat 444 p>5tes4 ,i3#acj ,velles eum suo +5io dixisse1 ali5o iudicio2 nam si obliqua contempsisset1 si p>um recta non concupisset1 si non omnia sua amasset1 si r]um pond]a m9utissimis s5t5tiis non fregisset1 cons5su potius eruditorum quam pu]orum amore comprob>etur4 #acj4 iudicio1 #8ta/e1' z #abg above3 cp4 ,m4 ,s5eca 7( ,capito7 #8habebat 9 sua pote/ate +5ium1 9 ali5a modum4' obliqua4 ,= ?is apt conjecture 79 place ( ! traditional aliqua71 see ,crit4 ,notes4 si p>um recta4 ,on ! assumption t a ^w has fall5 out ( ! ,,mss4 aft] p>um1 recta is pref]able to ,halm & ,mei/]'s sana4 ,= rectum z ab/r4 cp4 ii4 #ac1 #aa3 xii4 #a1 #ab4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 omnia sua amasset1 #hh ( ,ovid1 nimium amator +5ii sui4 ,cp4 bel[ #c #ab utros pecc>e validius putem1 quibus omnia sua plac5t444 r]um pond]a 444 fregisset3 contra/ #abc suffecit pond]i r]um4 ,s5eca #8weak5$ ! =ce ( 8 matt] by /riv+ aft] epigrammatic brevity4' amore1 ( an ill-consid]$ atta*m5t 7#id3 #b #ai71 :]eas /udio w\ld h indicat$ mature ta/e1 vi4 #b1 #ab amor 1 c>itas 4 ,i3#aca ,v]um sic quoque iam robu/is et sev]iore g5]e satis firmatis leg5dus vel ideo quod ex]c]e pote/ utrimque iudicium4 ,multa enim1 ut dixi1 prob&a 9 eo1 multa etiam admir&a sunt2 elig]e modo curae sit1 quod ut9am ipse fecisset4 ,digna enim fuit illa natura1 quae meliora vellet3 quod voluit effecit4 #aca4 sic quoque 4 robu/is1 opp4 to pu]is3 cp4 #e #a bel[4 ,cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ce #8controv]siae robu/ioribus adsignantur1' :ile #8suasoriae pu]is delegantur4' firmatis4 ,s occupatos #c #bg3 ex]citatos #e #ag4 ,introd4 pp4 xlviii-ix4 vel ideo quod3 #hf3 #e #af4 utrimque1 i4e4 laudantium et vitup]antium1 #8= & aga9/ him4' ,s #e1 #bj3 #f1 #g3 & cp4 #a1 #bb4 ,introd4 p4 lii4 ,multa enim 444 digna enim1 ano!r in/ance ( ! want ( c>e t has be5 already not$1 #b #bc4 natura3 cp4 #hf4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,imitation4 ,de ,imitatione4 ,,ii3#a ,,ii4 ,ex 8 cet]isque lectione dignis auctoribus et v]borum sum5da copia e/ et v>ietas figur>um et compon5di ratio1 tum ad exemplum virtutum omnium m5s d]ig5da4 ,neque #abc enim dubit>i pote/1 qu9 artis p>s magna cont9eatur imitatione4 ,nam ut inv5ire primum fuit e/que praecipuum1 sic ea quae b5e inv5ta sunt utile sequi4 #a4 v]borum 444 copia3 cp4 #a #e & #h4 v>ietas figur>um3 see note on plurima v]o mutatione figuramus #a #ab4 compon5di ratio1 ! #8!ory ( rhy?mical arrangem5t'3 see on compositione #a #gi3 & cp4 #dd1 #eb1 & #ff4 tum 444 virtutum omnium3 i4e4 9 read+ ! be/ au?ors we are n only to acquire facility & dext]ity 9 reg>d to ! po9ts enum]at$1 b to imitate also all ! good qualities exemplifi$ 9 _! works4 ad exemplum1 #8aft] ! model (1' z ii4 #c1 #ab ad ,pho5icis ,hom]ici exemplum #abc dic]e ac fac]e3 n l 9 exemplum #b bel[1 #8z a model4' ,! same use ( ad occurs bel[ ad propositum sibi praescriptum3 & #g #c ad incursus tempe/atum 444 ratio mut&a e/4 m5s d]ig5da3 s vi4 #e1 #b ideoque nos quid 9 quaque re sequ5dum cav5dumque sit docemus ac de9ceps docebimus1 ut ad ea iudicium d]igatur4 ,= ! =m d]igo see ,munro on ,lucr4 vi4 #hbc3 #8?is 0 probably ! only g5u9e anci5t =m4' ,s ,cic4 pro ,mur4 #c vitam ad c]tam rationis normam d]ig5ti3 ,orator #i ad illius similitud9em artem et manum d]igebat 7:]e1 h[ev]1 ,s&ys reads dirigebat73 ,tac4 ,dial4 #e ad utilitatem vitae omnia consilia 444 d]ig5da sunt3 ,ann4 iv4 #dj ad famam praecipua r]um d]ig]e4 ,cp4 note on #c #bh4 dubit>i3 see on #a #gc1 #ha4 imitatione3 a ref]5ce to ,ari/otle's g5]al !ory ( art1 made to introduce ! subject ( imitation 71 7 9 ! sph]e ( oratory4 ,?is is def9$ by ,cornif4 ad ,h]5n4 i4 #b1 #c imitatio e/ qua impellimur cum dilig5ti ratione ut aliquorum similes 9 dic5do velimus esse3 cp4 de ,orat4 ii4 #ij sq4 ,,ii3#b ,atque omnis vitae ratio sic con/at1 ut quae probamus 9 aliis fac]e ipsi velimus4 ,sic litt]>um ductus1 ut scrib5di fiat usus1 pu]i sequuntur2 sic musici vocem doc5tium1 pictores op]a priorum1 ru/ici probatam exp]im5to culturam 9 exemplum intu5tur2 omnis d5ique discipl9ae initia ad propositum sibi praescriptum =m>i videmus4 #abd #b4 ratio sic con/at3 #8x is a univ]sal rule ( life t1' c4 ,m usual w\ld h be5 #8ita ratio comp>ata e/ vitae ut1' c4 7,cic4 de ,amicit4 #aja74 ,! phrase ratio con/at 7cp4 rationem r$d]e7 0 orig9ally a figure tak5 f comm]ce 7ratio--reor1 #8calculate1' #8c\nt'71 z ,tac4 ,ann4 i4 #f eam condicionem esse imp]&i ut non alit] ratio con/et quam si uni r$datur3 i4e4 if y are an absolute rul] ! only way to #8get y\r acc\nts squ>e' is to audit !m y\rself4 ,s ,nettle%ip 7,lat4 ,lex47 w\ld expla9 "h #8!re is ?is balance 9 ord9>y life'3 i4e4 ! acc\nt ( life only comes out "r on ! supposition t1 c1--civilis$ life w\ld come to an end unless1 c4 ,m probably ,qu9tilian is employ+ "h a loose comb9ation ( two modes ( expression1 ratio con/at ut1 c41 & su* a phrase z t quot$ f ,cic4 de ,amicit4 #aja3 cp4 ,acad4 ii4 #acb omnis ratio vitae def9itione summi boni cont9etur4 ,9 ,pl9y's lett]s ! same expression is con/antly us$ 7l ratio e/ 9 ,cic]o7 = #8x is "r or reasonable'3 iii4 #ah1 #aj confido 9 hoc g5]e mat]iae laetioris /ili con/>e rationem3 i4 #e1 #af mihi et tempt&i aliquid et quiesc5di 444 ratio con/abit3 ii4 #d1 #d 9 te v]o ratio con/abit3 cp4 vii4 #f1 #d4--;,= ! ?\ght cp4 ,ari/4 ,poet4 #a1 #d 444 ductus1 #8trac+s1'--writ+-copies made on wax-tablets3 cp4 i4 #a4 #be sq41 esp4 #bg cum v]o iam ductus sequi coep]it1 non inutile erit eas tabellae quam optime insculpi1 ut p] illos velut sulcos ducatur /ilus4 usus3 cp4 ,cic4 ,acad4 ii4 #b ,+5ii magnitudo non desid]avit indocilem usus discipl9am3 de ,orat4 i4 #ae ut ad eam doctr9am quam suo quisque /udio adsecutus esset adiung]etur usus frequ5s3 pro ,balbo #de4 exp]im5to3 cp4 vi4 #b1 #be exp]im5to meo ac natura ipsa duce4 ,! phrase exp]im5to prob>e occurs 9 ! ,vulgate1 ,e/h4 iii4 #e4 9 exemplum3 cp4 #aa 9 exemplum adsumimus4 initia1 ab/ract = concrete3 cp4 #c #h hanc moram et sollicitud9em initiis 7i4e4 incipi5tibus7 imp]o4 ,s 9 ii4 #d1 #ac #8/udia' is put = #8/udiosi4' ad 444 praescriptum3 sub/4 z frequ5tly 9 ,cic]o1 e4g4 ,orat4 #cf4 ,s ,qu9t4 ii4 #ac1 #b3 iv4 #b1 #hd3 ix4 #d1 #aag4 ,cp4 ,s5eca ,ep4 #id #ea pu]i ad praescriptum discunt4 ,on ! o!r h& propositum is ev5 m frequ5tly us$ z a n\n by ,qu9tilian3 e4g4 #aa omnis imitatio 444 ad ali5um propositum accommodatur3 ii4 #aj1 #ae omne propositum op]is #abd a nobis de/9ati3 v4 #aa1 #ca ad praes5s propositum4 ,,ii3#c ,et h]cule necesse e/ aut similes aut dissimiles bonis simus4 ,similem r>o natura prae/at1 frequ5t] imitatio4 ,s$ hoc ipsum quod tanto faciliorem nobis rationem r]um omnium facit quam fuit iis qui nihil quod sequ]5tur habu]unt1 nisi caute et cum iudicio adpreh5ditur1 nocet4 #c4 hoc ipsum quod mu/ g toge!r1 #8! fact t'3 cp4 ix4 #b1 #fi ap]ta figura p]dit hoc ipsum quod figura e/4 ,! comm5tators wrongly take quod z ! conjunction & expla9 hoc ipsum z imitatio 7or p]haps ! advantage ( hav+ examples to foll[74 tanto )\t a correlative3 cp4 tanto pl5a #bh3 ,cic4 pro ,rosc4 ,am]4 i4 #a1 #b at tanto (ficiosior quam cet]i8 ,9 all ?ree in/ances ! quam dep5ds on ! comp>ative4 rationem r]um omnium3 ! g5]al c\rse1 me?od1 or proc$ure ( ev]y?+1 #8e process'3 cp4 #c #ca ratio del5di4 ,ratio is (t5 us$ ) ! g5itive ( a sub/4 z a p]iphrasis = ! sub/4 itself1 ,zumpt4 #fgh3 ! v>i\s in/ances are well classifi$ by ,nettle%ip1 ,lat4 ,lex4 p4 #eff1 #i & #aa4 adpreh5ditur1 frequ5t 9 ,qu9tilian ( tak+ hold ( a fact1 idea1 or argum5t3 cp4 v4 #ad1 #bc quae 7leges oratorias7 ,graeci adpreh5sa magis 9 cat5as ligant3 vi4 #d1 #ah quod adpreh5d5s maius aliquid cogatur dimitt]e3 vii4 #a1 #ef 9 hoc de quo loquimur patre quid adpreh5di pote/8 ,,ii3#d ,ante omnia igitur imitatio p] se ipsa non sufficit1 vel quia pigri e/ +5ii cont5tum esse iis quae s9t ab aliis inv5ta4 ,quid enim futurum erat temporibus illis quae s9e exemplo fu]unt1 si hom9es nihil1 nisi quod iam cognoviss5t1 faci5dum sibi aut cogit&um putass5t8 ,nempe nihil fuisset inv5tum4 #d4 ,ante omnia3 cp4 ! =mula ac primum quidem1 introduc+ ! fir/ argum5t1 viz4 t imitation is n suffici5t 9 itself3 o!rs foll[ 9 #g3 #aj3 & #ab adde quod ea quae 9 oratore maxima sunt imitabilia non sunt1 c4 vel quia3 #8j because1' i4e4 because 7if = no o!r reason7 x is ! m>k (1 c4 ,! use ( vel implies t !re are o!r reasons :i* c\ld be adduc$1 if ! read] c>$ to h !m 7vel--si velis74 ,cp4 #a #ge vel hoc e/ ipso probabilis3 #hj1 #hf3 #e #h3 ,roby #bbbb4 ,quid futurum erat3 #g bel[4 ,contra/ ! use ( ! plpf4 subj4 9 ! def9ite apodosis suppli$ 9 #8nihil fuisset inv5tum4' ,= ! indic4 cp4 longum e/ #a #aah3 oportebat #b #bh3 fas erat #e #g3 satis erat #f #b4 ,nempe1 #8:y6' ,= a simil> use ( nempe1 ap>t f all irony1 9 answ] to a "q1 cp4 ,livy vi4 #da p5es quos igitur sunt auspicia m maiorum8 nempe p5es patres4 ,9 su* cases ! ass5t ( ! imag9>y int]locutor is tak5 = grant$4--,frots*] comp>es ,libanius1 ,declam4 xviii4 p4 #dhg 4 ,,ii3#e ,cur igitur nefas e/ rep]iri aliquid a nobis1 quod ante non fu]it8 ,an illi rudes sola m5tis natura ducti sunt 9 hoc1 ut tam multa g5]>5t3 nos ad qua]5dum non eo ipso concitemur1 quod c]te scimus inv5isse eos qui quaesi]unt8 #e4 illi rudes is expla9$ by #d temporibus illis quae s9e exemplo fu]unt4 ,an is ! m>k ( a d\ble "q1 be+ us$ to introduce ! second alt]native z oppos$ to ! fir/1 ev5 :5 ! fir/ is und]/ood r ?an express$4 ,"h x almo/ num1 & implies ! ne$lessness ( ! prec$+ rem>k 7,roby #bbee71 & introduces an =tiori argum5t2 cp4 ,cic]o1 ,tusc4 v4 #ij ,cur pecuniam 444 curet omn9o8 ,an ,scy!s ,ana*>sis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam duc]e1 no/rates philosophi fac]e non potu]unt8 ,cic4 ,cat4 i4 #a1 #c4 ,s #c #bi bel[ an v]o 444 hoc cogitatio prae/at3 #e #g4 c]te scimus4 ,c]te is less absolute #abe ?an c]to4 ,acc4 to ,klotz ad ,cic4 de ,s54 i4 #b c]te scio c]tum e/ me scire 7#8,i am sure t ,i "k'73 c]to scio c]tum e/ quod scio 7#8,i h c]ta9 or sure k1' #8my k is accurate'74 ,cp4 ,t]4 ,&r4 #ejc ) #ibi4 ,,ii3#f ,et #abe cum illi1 qui nullum cuiusquam rei habu]unt magi/rum1 plurima 9 po/]os tradid]unt1 nobis usus ali>um r]um ad eru5das alias non prod]it1 s$ nihil habebimus nisi b5eficii ali5i8 quem ad modum quidam pictores 9 id solum /ud5t1 ut describ]e tabulas m5suris ac l9eis sciant4 #f4 cuiusquam rei4 ,quisquam 7g5]ally sub/47 is1 :5 employ$ adjectivally1 m usually f\nd along ) names ( p]sons or words imply+ p]sonality3 cp4 iv4 #a1 #aj ne contumeliosi 9 qu5quam hom9em ord9emve videamur3 #g #c bel[ quisquam 444 orator3 iii4 #a1 #bb cuiusquam sectae4 9 po/]os3 s i4 #a1 #f3 ad po/]os xii4 #aa1 #bh4--;,= tradid]unt1 see ,crit4 ,notes4 eru5das3 ix4 #b1 #fd lat5s aliquid eruitur3 xii4 #h1 #ac multa 444 patronus eruet3 iv4 #b1 #fj hoc quoque tamquam occultum et a se prud5t] erutum tradunt4 ,qu9tilian foll[s ,cic]o 9 ! figurative use ( ?is ^w2 e4g4 de ,orat4 ii4 #adf scrut>i locos ex quibus argum5ta eruamus3 ibid4 #cfj hac ex]citatione non eru5da memoria e/1 si e/ nulla naturalis1 s$ c]te1 si latet1 evoc&a e/4 b5eficii4 ,?is g54 occurs 9 ! phrase #8sui b5eficii fac]e1' n uncommon 9 ! ,lat9 ( ! ,silv] ,age1 #8to make dep5d5t on "o's own b\nty or fav\r4' ,suet4 ,claud4 #bc commeatus a s5atu peti solitos b5efici sui fecit3 ,iu/4 xiii4 #d1 #i ut munus imp]ii b5eficii sui fac]et3 ,s54 ,b54 iii4 #ah1 #d4 ,! phrase is equival5t to nihil habebimus nisi quod sit or quod non sit b54 al4 nisi quod debeamus aliis 7#8due to ! fav\r ( o!rs'74 ,be*] cites ! analog\s expression #8tui mun]is habeo' 9 ,tac4 ,ann4 xiv4 #ee3 cp4 ib4 xv4 #eb1 #d ne 444 sui mun]is rem publicam fac]et1 & tui mun]is e/ ,hor4 ,c>4 iv4 #c1 #ba4 ,s #8duc]e aliquid (fici sui4' ,! g5itive mu/ n !re=e be expla9$ z a g54 ( quality1 dep5d5t on nihil 7z ,mei/]74 9 id solum /ud5t4 ,! con/ruction 7:i* occurs aga9 xii4 #f1 #f 9 quam rem /ud5dum sit7 seems to be modell$ on t ( niti4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ei soli c\ld n h /ood4--,! process ( #8copy+ by measures & l9es' is n unkn[n ev5 n[4 ,! picture to be reproduc$1 & ! surface on :i* ! copy 0 to be made1 7 divid$ into equal numb]s ( squ>es 7m5surae7 by l9es drawn across at "r angles4 ,,ii3#g ,turpe etiam illud e/1 cont5tum esse id consequi quod imit]is4 ,nam rursus quid erat futurum1 si nemo plus effecisset eo quem sequebatur8 ,nihil 9 poetis supra ,livium ,&ronicum1 nihil 9 hi/oriis supra #abf pontificum annales hab]emus2 ratibus adhuc navig>emus2 non esset pictura1 nisi quae l9eas modo extremas umbrae1 quam corpora 9 sole feciss5t1 circumscrib]et4 #g4 turpe etiam4 ,= ! argum5t see ,crit4 ,notes4 cont5tum 444 consequi4 ,! con/r4 c4 inf94 is v common 9 ,qu9tilian3 ov] a doz5 in/ances are giv5 9 ,bonn4 ,lex4 7q4v474 ,x pass$ f ! usage ( poetry 7e4g4 ,ovid1 ,metam4 i4 #dfa7 into ! prose ( ! ,silv] ,age4 ,cic]o w\ld h us$ satis hab]e4 ,cp4 solus legi dignus #a #if4 rursus resumes quid futurum erat #d4 9 poetis 444 9 hi/oriis3 see on #a #bh3 #a #ge4 ,livius ,&ronicus4 ,cic]o 7,brutus #ga7 comp>es 8 translation ( ! ,odyssey to ! fir/ rude attempts at sculpture1 :i* pass$ "u ! "n ( ,da$alus3 nam et ,odyssia ,lat9a e/ sic tamquam opus aliquod ,da$ali et ,livianae fabulae non satis dignae quae it]um legantur4 ,cp4 ,liv4 xxvii4 #cg =sitan laudabile rudibus +5iis1 nunc abhorr5s et inconditum4--,livius 0 a native ( ,t>5tum1 :o came to ,rome z a slave aft] ! capture ( 8 native city 7#bgb ,b4,c47 & set up z a s*oolma/]3 8 ,odyssey surviv$ = s*ola/ic purposes d[n to ! days ( ,orbilius & ,horace 7,ep4 ii4 #a1 #fi74 ,8 production 9 ,b4,c4 #bdj--! ye> aft] ! end ( ! ,fir/ ,punic ,w>--( a trag$y & com$y 9 ,lat9 79 :i* he disc>d$ ! old ,saturnian metre71 may be said to m>k ! beg9n+ ( ,roman lit]ature4 ,= ?irty ye>s he cont9u$ to produce plays at ! ,roman games1 adapt+ ! indig5\s ,italian drama1 #abf su* z x 01 to ! laws :i* regulat$ dramatic composition among ! ,greeks2 & :5 he di$ at a ripe old age1 a complim5t 0 paid to 8 memory by ! assignm5t ( ! ,temple ( ,m9]va on ! ,av5t9e to ! #8guild ( poets' 7collegium poet>um7 z a place = _! meet+s4 pontificum annales3 also call$ ,annales ,maximi1 probably because !y 7 kept by ! ,pontifex ,maximus4 ,9 !m 0 pres]v$ ! li/ ( consuls & o!r magi/rates1 & !y record$ 9 ! balde/ fa%ion ! mo/ notewor?y ev5ts ( ea* magi/racy4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #eb erat enim hi/oria nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio1 c4 ,p4 ,mucius ,scaevola1 ! consul ( #acc ,b4,c41 edit$ !m 9 ?irty books4 ,teuffel #ff3 ,momms51 i4 #dgg sq4 l9eas extremas1 i4e4 ! trac+ ( outl9es3 ?is 0 said to h be5 ! orig9 ( pa9t+4 ,pl9y ,n4 ,h4 xxxv4 #e ,graeci 7picturam affirmant7 444 rep]tam 444 umbra hom9is l9eis circumducta4 ,cp4 ! di/9ction betwe5 free imitation & s]vile copy+ 9 ! foll[+ f ,aulus ,gellius 7xvii4 #bj1 #h73 ea quae 9 ,platonis oratione demiramur1 non aemul>i quidem1 s$ l9eas umbrasque fac]e ausi sumus4 ,,ii3#h ,ac si omnia p]c5seas1 nulla mansit ars qualis inv5ta e/1 nec intra initium /etit3 nisi =te no/ra potissimum tempora damnamus huius infelicitatis1 ut nunc demum nihil crescat3 nihil autem crescit sola imitatione4 #h4 nisi =te3 cp4 #a #gj3 #c #ca3 #e #f4 infelicitatis3 cp4 on #a #g infelicis op]ae4 ,s viii4 prooem4 #bg abom9&a 444 haec infelicitas 444 quae et cursum dic5di refr5at et calorem cogitationis ext+uit mora et diffid5tia4 xi4 #b1 #di haec r>a infelicitas erit4 ,pl9y ,n4 ,h4 praef4 #bc has #8infelix' +5ium = #8/]ile4' ,! opposite w\ld be beatissima ub]tas #a #aji4 ,= ! con/r4 c4 g5it4 cp4 ii4 #e1 #bd neque enim nos t>ditatis natura damnavit3 ix4 #b1 #ha tyrannidis affectatae damnatus3 vii4 #h1 #c ince/i damnata4 demum3 v4 on #a #dd4 ,,ii3#i ,quod si prioribus adic]e fas non e/1 quo modo sp]>e possumus illum oratorem p]fectum8 cum 9 81 quos maximos adhuc novimus1 nemo sit inv5tus 9 quo nihil aut desid]etur aut repreh5datur4 ,s$ etiam qui summa non adpet5t1 cont5d]e potius quam sequi deb5t4 #i4 oratorem p]fectum3 #bh bel[1 ) :i* cp4 ! preface to ,book i1 #i ,oratorem autem in/ituimus illum p]fectum qui esse nisi vir bonus non pote/4 ,s ,cic]o1 ,orat4 #g3 de ,orat4 i4 #aag4 nemo sit inv5tus3 cp4 ,pr4 i4 #ah qualis =tasse nemo adhuc fu]it4 ,s too i4 #aj1 #d :]e ref]r+ to ,cic]o's ,orator he says3 quibus ego primum hoc respondeo1 quod ,m4 ,cic]o scripto ad ,brutum libro frequ5tius te/atur3 non eum a nobis in/itui oratorem qui sit aut fu]it1 s$ imag9em qu&am concepisse nos animo p]fecti illius et nulla p>te cessantis4 ,orat4 #g non saepe atque haud scio an nunquam4 summa3 ,pr4 i4 #ai-bj nobis ad summa t5d5dum e/ 444 altius tam5 ibunt qui ad summa nit5tur4 xii4 #aa #bf cont5d]e c]t>e ut priores sunt1 #8compete1' #8rival4' ,,ii3#aj ,nam qui hoc agit ut prior sit1 =sitan etiamsi non transi]it aequabit4 ,eum v]o nemo pote/ aequ>e cuius ve/igiis sibi utique insi/5dum putat2 necesse e/ enim semp] sit po/]ior qui #abg sequitur4 ,adde quod pl]umque facilius e/ plus fac]e quam idem2 tantam enim difficultatem habet similitudo ut ne ipsa quidem natura 9 hoc ita evalu]it ut non res quae simillimae quaeque p>es maxime videantur utique discrim9e aliquo disc]nantur4 #aj4 =sitan3 c4 ind4 z 9 ,qu9t4 ,curt4 iv4 xiv4 #bj4 utique4 ,see on #a #bj4 ,tr4 #89 ^: foot/eps he ?9ks he mu/ by all means foll[4' #abg adde quod1 us$ ?rice )9 ?ree p>agraphs #aj1 #aa1 #ab3 ano!r pro( ( a c]ta9 want ( f9i% 9 ,qu9tilian's /yle4 ,cp4 on #b #bc3 & discrim9e 444 disc]nantur1 bel[4--,see ,introd4 p4 liii4 9 hoc1 i4e4 9 ! endeav\r to reproduce4 utique 444 aliquo3 iv4 #e1 #h 9 omni p>titione e/ utique aliquid pot5tissimum3 iv4 #a1 #gg aliquam utique s5t5tiam3 xii4 #aj1 #fg utique aliquo mom5to4 ,,ii3#aa ,adde quod quidquid alt]i simile e/1 necesse e/ m9us sit eo quod imitatur1 ut umbra corpore et imago facie et actus hi/rionum v]is adfectibus4 ,quod 9 orationibus quoque ev5it4 ,namque iis quae 9 exemplum adsumimus sube/ natura et v]a vis2 contra omnis imitatio facta e/ et ad ali5um propositum accommodatur4 #aa4 v]is adfectibus4 ,cp4 vi4 #b1 #ce ,vidi ego saepe hi/riones atque como$os1 cum ex aliquo graviore actu p]sonam deposuiss5t1 fl5tes adhuc egr$i4 quod si 9 ali5is scriptis sola pronuntiatio ita falsis acc5dit adfectibus1 quid nos faciemus qui illa cogit>e debemus ut mov]i p]iclitantium vice possimus8 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #dca-dcc4 ali5um proposition1 i4e4 ! purpose ( ! imitator1 n t ( ! orig9al writ] or speak]4 ,,ii3#ab ,quo fit ut m9us sangu9is ac virium declamationes habeant quam orationes1 quod 9 illis v]a1 9 8 adsimilata mat]ia e/4 ,adde quod ea quae 9 oratore maxima sunt imitabilia non sunt1 +5ium1 inv5tio1 vis1 facilitas et quidquid arte non traditur4 #ab4 sangu9is3 #a #fj 7( ,ar*ilo*us7 plurimum sangu9is atque n]vorum3 #aae eum 7,calvum7 444 v]um sangu9em p]didisse3 viii4 #c1 #f 7hic ornatus7 sangu9e et viribus niteat4 illis 444 84 ,?is is only an app>5t inv]sion ( ! usual arrangem5t3 declamationes is ! ne>] subject 9 ?\ght1 z be+ ! subject ( ! s5t5ce1 9 :i* x comes be=e orationes4 ,! use ( hic may also s]ve to indicate ! preval5ce ( declamation 9 ,qu9tilian's day3 #e #ad4--,see ,zumpt #gjj4 ,,ii3#ac ,ideoque pl]ique1 cum v]ba qua$am ex orationibus exc]ps]unt aut aliquos compositionis c]tos p$es1 mire a se quae leg]unt eff+i arbitrantur1 cum et v]ba int]cidant invalescantque temporibus1 7ut quorum c]tissima #abh sit regula 9 consuetud9e17 eaque non sua natura s9t bona aut mala-- nam p] se soni tantum sunt-- s$ pr\t opportune proprieque aut secus collocata sunt1 et compositio cum rebus accommodata sit1 tum ipsa v>ietate gratissima4 #ac4 compositionis3 see #a compon5di ratio4 ,tr4 #8p>ticul> cad5ces 9 ! arrangem5t' #a #eb4 ,cp4 especially ix4 #d1 #aaf quem 9 poemate locum habet v]sificatio1 eum 9 oratione compositio4 cum et1 c41 #8?\gh1 z = ! words1 !y drop out or come into use 9 c\rse ( "t 444 :ile ! arrangem5t1' c4 ,v]ba is opp4 to compositio bel[3 cp4 v]ba & comp4 p$es above4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 v]ba int]cidant 444 consuetud9e4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #gj1 ,multa r5asc5tur quae iam cecid]e1 cad5tque ,quae nunc sunt 9 honore vocabula1 si volet usus1 ,quem p5es arbitrium e/ et ius et norma loqu5di4 ,ibid4 #fj-fb ,ut silvae foliis pronos mutantur 9 annos1 ,prima cadunt1 ita v]borum vetus int]it aetas1 ,et iuv5um ritu flor5t modo nata vig5tque4 viii4 #f1 #cb cum multa 77 cotidie ab antiquis ficta moriantur4 ut quorum quippe4 ,cp4 #a #ee ut 9 qua 444 sit3 #a #eg1 #gd4 ,i h put ?is clause 9 brackets to %[ t x /&s by itself3 consuetud9e expla9s temporibus1 :ile non sua natura 444 s$ pr\t 444 collocata introduce a new idea4 ,see foll[+ note4 #abh eaque is a cont9uation ( ! clause cum et v]ba4 ,! use & disuse ( words is a matt] ( fa%ion3 & moreov] _! value dep5ds on _! prop] employm5t4--,! comm5tators1 except ,krg] 7#crd ed471 expla9 ?is z "p ( ! clause ut quorum1 c41 ! demon/r4 tak+ ! place ( ! relative1 z n infrequ5tly ) d\ble relative clauses 9 ,cic]o3 ,orat4 #i quam intu5s 9 eaque defixus3 de ,f94 i4 #ab1 #db quod ipsum nullam ad aliam rem1 ad id autem res ref]untur omnes 7:]e see ,madvig73 ad ,att4 x4 #af1 #c3 ,brutus #beh4 ,cp4 ,lucr4 i4 #gah-ba1 & ,munro's note4 ,b ! context is aga9/ ?is4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 proprie3 v4 on #a #i4 collocata "h n mu* m ?an adhibita4 ,9 !mselves words are no?+3 _! effect dep5ds entirely on _! appropriate use4 et compositio3 i4e4 & ?\gh1 z to ! arrangem5t 7et compositio corresponds to et v]ba above71 x may owe its effect 9 ! orig9al to ! mann] 9 :i* x has be5 adapt$ to ! s5se 7rebus accommodata71 :ile moreov] 7cum 444 tum7 its *>m lies 9 its v v>iety4 ,! art by :i* ! compositio is sav$ f monotony 9 ! orig9al is lo/ by ! s]vile copyi/s ( p>ticul> extracts3 !y take no acc\nt ( ! fact t ! /yle ought to reflect ! s5se1 & !y =get t ! motive = a p>ticul> compositio 9 _! orig9al 0 ! desire to produce an agreeable effect by div]sity ( =m4--,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,,ii3#ad ,quapropt] exactissimo iudicio circa hanc p>tem /udiorum exam9&a sunt omnia4 ,primum1 quos imitemur3 nam sunt plurimi qui similitud9em pessimi cuiusque et corruptissimi concupi]9t3 tum 9 ipsis quos eleg]imus1 quid sit ad quod nos effici5dum comp>emus4 #ad4 exactissimo3 s #g #cj comm5t>ii ita exacti p]fecti4 ,9 ! s5se ( #8p]fectly f9i%$' x is f\nd ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #gb3 ,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #dje4 circa3 v4 on #a #eb4 corruptissimi3 cp4 #af decl9ant 9 peius1 c4 ,! ^w is us$ ( a vici\s /yle1 #a #abe4 effici5dum eff+5dum1 z #ac above4 ,,ii3#ae ,nam 9 magnis quoque auctoribus incidunt aliqua vitiosa et a doctis int] ipsos etiam mutuo repreh5sa2 #abi atque ut9am tam bona imitantes dic]5t melius quam mala peius dicunt4 ,nec v]o saltem iis quibus ad evit&a vitia iudicii satis fuit sufficiat imag9em virtutis eff+]e et solam1 ut sic dix]im1 cutem vel potius illas ,epicuri figuras1 quas e summis corporibus dicit efflu]e4 #ae4 9 444 auctoribus4 ,9 is us$ = apud 9 speak+ ( an au?or's :ole works or g5]al *>act]i/ics1 n ( a p>ticul> passage or a p>ticul> composition4 ,s ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #eb3 ,tu nihil 9 magno doctus repr5dis ,hom]o8 #a #gf tanta vis 9 eo 7,demo/h5e74 ,= apud cp4 #a #ci brevitas illa 444 quae e/ apud ,livium 9 epi/ula ad filium scripta4--,! same w>n+ is giv5 #a #bd ,neque id /atim leg5ti p]suasum sit1 omnia quae optimi auctores dix]9t utique esse p]fecta4 a doctis1 #8by compet5t critics'3 cp4 #a #ig qui esse docti adfectant3 viii4 #c1 #b 9 cet]is iudicium doctorum1 9 hoc v]o etiam popul>em laudem petit3 xii4 #aj1 #gb tum laudem quoque1 nec doctorum modo s$ etiam vulgi consequatur3 ib4 #a #bj3 #i #d3 #aj #ej4 int] ipsos is to be ref]r$ to 9 magnis auctoribus1 n to a doctis3 h5ce ! comma4--,int] ipsos w\ld h be5 int] se if ! ^w to :i* ! pron\n ref]s _h be5 nom4 or acc4 ,cp4 #a1 #ad non semp] enim haec int] se idem faciunt3 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #ej conciliat int] se hom9es4 ,b societas hom9um int] ipsos1 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #bj3 quam sancta e/ societas civium int] ipsos1 ,leg4 ii4 #g3 latissime pat5s hom9ibus int] ipsos 444 societas haec e/1 de ,(f4 i4 #ea4 ,cp4 #bc bel[4 ,on ! o!r h& we h multa sunt civibus int] se communia1 de ,(f4 i4 #ec3 communia esse amicorum int] se omnia1 ,t]4 ,ad4 v4 #c1 #ah4 mutuo1 only "h 9 ,qu9tilian3 he frequ5tly uses invicem4 ,liv4 viii4 #bd1 #f cum int]clusiss5t trif>iam a mutuo int] se auxilio4 #abi mutuo repreh5sa4 ,cp4 ! ref]5ce to ! lett]s ( ,calvus & ,brutus to ,cic]o1 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ah ex quibus facile e/ depreh5d]e ,calvum quidem ,cic]oni visum exsanguem et attritum1 ,brutum autem otiosum atque diiunctum2 rursusque ,cic]onem a ,calvo quidem male audisse tanquam solutum et en]vem1 a ,bruto autem1 ut ipsius v]bis ut>1 tanquam fractum atque elumbem4--,= ! position ( tam1 cp4 on #g #bg4 mala 7sc4 imitantes7 peius1 z 9 ! case ( ,s5eca's imitators3 placebat propt] sola vitia et ad ea se quisque dirigebat eff+5da quae pot]at3 #a #abg4 nec 444 saltem4 ,saltem ) a negative is us$ by ,qu9tilian 9 ! s5se ( ne 444 quidem1 /&+ sometimes be=e1 sometimes aft] ! ^w to :i* x applies3 "h ) sufficiat4 ,cp4 i4 #a1 #bd ,neque enim mihi illud saltem placet quod fi]i 9 plurimis video3 #g #bj bel[ ut non breve saltem tempus sumamus1 c43 v4 #a1 #d neque enim de omnibus causis dic]e quisquam pote/ saltem praet]itis1 ut taceam de futuris3 xii4 #aa1 #aa ut ipsum it] neque imp]vium neque saltem durum put5t4 ut sic dix]im1 = ! m classical #8ut ita dicam'3 cp4 #a #f1 #gg4 ,s ,tac4 ,ann4 xiv4 #ec1 #ad3 ,dial4 #cd1 #h3 #dj1 #ai3 ut ita dix]im ,agr4 #c1 #ac4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,epicuri figuras4 ,! ref]5ce is to ! !ory ( fir/ adopt$ to expla9 s5sation by ,democritus1 & aft]w>ds develop$ by ,epicurus4 ,cp4 ,plut4 de ,pl4 ,phil4 iv4 #h 4 ,see ,ritt] & ,prell] #aee sq4 ,cp4 ,lucret4 iv4 #db sq4 ,dico igitur r]um effigias t5uesque figuras ,mitti] ab rebus summo de corpore r]um1 ,quoi quasi membranae1 vel cortex nom9it&a/1 ,quod speciem ac =mam similem g]it eius imago ,cuiuscumque cluet de corpore fusa vag>i3 cp4 #aeg-h ,p]petuo flu]e ut noscas e corpore summo ,texturas r]um t5ues t5uesque figuras4 ,,ii3#af ,hoc autem 8 accidit qui non introspectis p5itus virtutibus ad primum se velut adspectum orationis apt>unt2 et cum iis felicissime cessit imitatio1 v]bis atque num]is sunt non multum diff]5tes1 vim dic5di atque inv5tionis non adsequuntur1 s$ pl]umque decl9ant 9 peius et proxima virtutibus vitia compreh5dunt fiuntque pro gr&ibus tumidi1 pressis exiles1 =tibus tem]>ii1 laetis corrupti1 compositis #acj exultantes1 simplicibus negleg5tes4 #af4 num]is1 #8rhy?m'3 cp4 compositio #ac1 & #a #gi4 ,num]os accipi volo ix4 #d1 #de4 sunt 444 diff]5tes3 a ,greek con/ruction4 vim dic5di #a #a3 viii4 pr4 #cj4 ,nei!r 9 =ce ( expression nor 9 p[] ( ?\ght d !y come up to _! models4 9 peius4 ,cp4 i4 #a1 #e bona facile mutantur 9 peius1 i4 #c1 #a3 ii4 #af1 #b3 ,v]g4 ,georg4 i4 #bjj 9 peius ru]e4 ,see ,introd4 p4 xlvii4 proxima virtutibus vitia4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #be-bh ,decipimur specie recti3 brevis esse laboro1 ,obscurus fio2 sectantem levia n]vi ,deficiunt animique2 pr(essus gr&ia turget2 ,s]pit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae4 ,bel[ 7#cb-cg7 ,qu9tilian draws ! moral t k is necess>y 9 ord] to avoid a fault1 o!rwise ! opposite fault may be committ$4 ,) #8specie recti' 9 ,horace cp4 ,qu9t4 viii4 #c1 #ef 1 id e/ mala adfectatio1 p] omne dic5di g5us peccat3 nam et tumida et pusilla et pra$ulcia et abundantia et arcessita et exultantia sub idem nom5 cadunt4 ,d5ique cacozelon vocatur quidquid e/ ultra virtutem1 quoti5s +5ium iudicio c>et et specie boni fallitur1 omnium 9 eloqu5tia vitiorum pessimum4 compreh5dunt3 a r>e use4 ,see on #c adpreh5ditur4 ,cp4 ,cic4 pro ,balb4 #c omnes animo virtutes p5itus compreh5d]e4 pro gr&ibus tumidi3 s gr&ia non tumida xii4 #aj1 #hj3 pr(essus gr&ia turget ,hor4 l4c4 pressis1 #8concise1' #8*a/e1' #a #dd1 #df4 exiles1 #8bald4' ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bjb ,s$ cav5da e/ presso illi oratori inopia #acj et ieiunitas1 amplo autem inflatum et corruptum orationis g5us4 =tibus tem]>ii3 /r5g? ( /yle ought n to become ra%ness4 ,cp4 iii4 #g1 #be pro tem]>io =tem 444 vocemus3 ii4 #ab1 #d e/ praet]ea qua$am virtutum vitiorumque vic9ia qua mal$icus pro lib]o1 tem]>ius pro =ti1 effusus pro copioso accipitur3 ii4 #ab1 #aa vim appellant quae e/ potius viol5tia4 laetis corrupti3 xii4 #aj1 #hj laeta non luxuriosa4 ,weal? ( /yle ought n to deg5]ate into extravagance4 ,= laetus cp4 #a #df4 compositis exultantes3 lit4 #8b\nd+ in/ead ( measur$'3 cp4 exultantia co]c]e #d #a1 :]e see note4 ,= compositis v4 #a #dd3 = exultantes cp4 ix4 #d1 #bh qua$am transgressiones 444 sunt etiam compositione vitiosae quae 9 hoc ipsum petuntur ut exult5t atque lasciviant quales illae ,maec5atis3 ,sole et aurora rub5t plurima1 c41 ibid4 #adb1 :]e salt>e is us$ ( ?is /yle1 9 :i* ! excessive c>e be/[$ on ! arrangem5t 7compositio7 deg5]ates into affectation4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 simplicibus negleg5tes3 ,cic]o1 de ,inv4 i4 #ba1 #cj opposes dilucide et ornate 444 to obscure et negleg5t]4 ,negleg5tes implies contempt = z well z abs5ce ( ornam5t1 almo/ #8slov5l9ess4' ,,ii3#ag ,ideoque qui horride atque incomposite quidlibet illud frigidum et inane extul]unt1 antiquis se p>es cr$unt2 qui c>5t cultu atque s5t5tiis1 ,attici sunt scilicet2 qui praecisis conclusionibus obscuri1 ,sallu/ium #aca atque ,?ucydid5 sup]ant2 tri/es ac ieiuni ,pollionem aemulantur2 otiosi et sup9i1 si quid modo longius circumdux]unt1 iurant ita ,cic]onem locuturum fuisse4 #ag4 horride atque incomposite3 horride inculteque ,cic4 ,orat4 #bh3 cp4 #a #ff rudis 9 pl]isque et incompositus 7,aes*ylus73 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ah sunt enim horridi et impoliti et rudes et in=mes4 ,horridus is ! opposite ( nitidus3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #ea3 de ,legg4 i4 #b1 #f3 ,brutus #fh1 #hc1 #aag1 #bch1 #bfh4 quidlibet illud frigidum et inane4 ,z ! expression horride atque incomposite d5otes ! unpleas+ =m1 s ?is phrase 7cp4 frigida et inanis adfectatio ix4 #c1 #gd7 /igmatises ! ta/eless & vapid sub/ance ( ! incompet5t imitators 7,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #ai1 #ai ,o imitatores1 s]vum pecus73 tr4 #8writ]s :o h come out ) _! fav\rite platitudes & inanities4' ,!re is some?+ deictic ab\t illud4 ,be*] comp>es ix4 #b1 #id po/ul&um e/ ut nescio quid illud quod adv]s>ii obliquis s5t5tiis signific>e volu]9t obiciant palam3 i4 #c1 #d hi sunt qui 444 quicquid illud possunt /atim o/5dunt3 ,liv4 ix4 #c1 #ac vivet semp] 9 pectoribus illorum quidquid i/ud praes5s necessitas inuss]it4 ,cp4 xii4 #f1 #b3 vi4 pr4 #c 7quidquid hoc e/ 9 me71 & (t5 ipsum illud1 hoc illud 7e4g4 ,liv4 praef4 #aj73 ,liv4 i4 #bi1 #c domos suas ultimum illud visuri4 extul]unt4 ,! comm5tators expla9 z dic5do extul]unt3 cp4 i4 #e1 #af3 viii4 #c1 #dj3 & ,cic]o1 ,orat4 #aej4 ,b x is m probably ! same use z we h 9 #a #aji1 viz4 a metaphor f a productive soil3 cp4 ,cic4 de ,natur4 ,deor4 ii4 #hf1 & ,brut4 #af4 antiquis3 #a #dc quidam solos vet]es leg5dos putant3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bj tri/em et impexam antiquitatem3 #ba sordes autem illae v]borum et hians compositio et inconditi s5sus r$ol5t antiquitatem3 ,qu9t4 v4 #ad1 #cb se antiquis p] hoc similes vocant4 ,9 ! ,dialogue1 ,ap] 7#ae-bc7 criticises excessive devotion to antique models1--hold+ #8vitio malignitatis humanae vet]a semp] 9 laude1 praes5tia 9 fa/idio esse4' cultu ornatu3 #a #abd3 ,see ,introd4 p4 xliv4 s5t5tiis3 #a #fa1 #ij1 #abi4 ,attici3 #a #dd4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,cp4 xii4 #aj1 #af ,et antiqua quidem illa divisio int] ,atticos atque ,asianos fuit1 cum hi pressi et integri1 contra inflati illi et inanes hab]5tur1 9 8 nihil sup]flu]et1 illis iudicium maxime ac modus deesset3 ibid4 #ba quapropt] mihi falli multum vid5tur qui solos esse ,atticos cr$unt t5ues et lucidos et significantes1 s$ quadam eloqu5tiae frugalitate cont5tos ac semp] manum intra pallium cont95tes4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,orat4 #aa3 ,brutus #bhd sq43 ,orator #bh putant enim qui horride inculteque dicat1 modo id elegant] enucleateque faciat1 eum solum ,attice dic]e4 scilicet1 ironical4 praecisis4 iv4 #b1 #dg neque mihi umquam tanta fu]it cura brevitatis ut non ea quae cr$ibilem faciunt expositionem ins]i velim4 ,simplex enim et undique praecisa non tam n>ratio voc>i pote/ quam confessio4 conclusionibus1 ! clauses t #8r\nd (f' ! p]iod3 cp4 on concludit #a #ajf4 ,anacolu?s result 9 su* a /yle f ! omission ( some?+ ess5tial to ! complete p]iod4 obscuri4 ,a simil> cause ( obscurity #aca is not$ viii4 #b1 #ai alii brevitatem aemulati necess>ia quoque orationi subtrahunt v]ba et1 velut satis sit scire ipsos1 quid dic]e vel9t1 quantum ad alios p]t9eant1 nihil putant ref]re4 ,= ! omission ( sunt1 see ,introd4 p4 lv4 ,sallu/ium3 cp4 #a #cb1 #ajb3 iv4 #b1 #de qu>e vit&a e/ etiam illa ,sallu/iana 7quamquam 9 ipso virtutis obt9et locum7 brevitas et abruptum s]monis g5us4 ,?ucydid53 #a #gc4 tri/es ac ieiuni4 ,! opposite w\ld be hil>es et copiosi3 viii4 #c1 #di pro9de qua$am hebes1 sordida1 ieiuna1 tri/is 7#8dre>y'71 +rata1 vilis oratio e/4 ,quae vitia facillime fi5t manife/a contr>iis virtutibus4 ,nam primum acuto1 secundum nitido1 t]tium copioso1 de9ceps hil>i1 iucundo1 accurato div]sum e/4 ,pollionem1 #a #aac4 ,cp4 vi4 #c1 #aaj de ,pollione ,as9io s]iis iocisque p>it] accommodato dictum e/1 esse eum omnium hor>um4 otiosi et sup9i3 #8y\r easy-go+ drawl]4' ,= sup9us cp4 9 ,dion4 ,hal4 de ,isocr4 #ae3 de ,de94 #h1 c4 ,s sup9i securique xi4 #c4 #c3 ,iuv4 #a1 #ff multum ref]5s de ,maec5ate sup9o3 ,m>tial ii4 #f1 #ac nunquam deliciae sup9iores3 vi4 #db1 #bb ,non att5dis1 et aure me sup9a ,iamdudum quasi neglig5t] audis4 ,see ,introd4 p4 xliii4 & xlvi4--,= otiosus1 see on #a #gf4 circumdux]unt3 ix4 #d1 #abd cum s5sus unus longiore ambitu circumducitur4 ,cic]onem3 cp4 l5tus e/ 9 pr9cipiis1 c4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bb4 ,,ii3#ah ,nov]am quosdam qui se pul*re expressisse g5us illud caele/is huius 9 dic5do viri sibi vid]5tur1 si 9 clausula posuiss5t #8esse videatur4' ,ergo primum e/ ut quod imitaturus e/ quisque intellegat1 et qu>e bonum sit sciat4 #ah4 se expressisse4 ,?is unusual con/ruction 7aft] sibi vid]5tur p]suasum hab]5t7 may express int5sity ( conviction3 ^! imitators are ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( _! own excell5ce1 :atev] ! op9ion ( o!rs may be 7sibi1 sc4 non aliis74 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,(f4 iii4 #ga ea malitia quae volt 444 vid]i se esse prud5tiam4 ,! same con/ruction occurs sometimes aft] mihi videtur 9 ! s5se ( mihi placet3 #a #ia3 ,cic4 ,tusc4 v4 #e1 #ab ,non mihi videtur ad beate viv5dum satis posse virtutem3 ,sall4 ,iug4 #he1 #b3 ,livy xxxvi4 #ac1 #i quia videbatur et ,limnaeum eodem tempore oppugn>i posse4 caele/is3 #a #hf4 clausula4 ,cic]o gives m9ute directions = end+ a p]iod1 ,orator4 #bae3 cp4 ,qu9t4 ix4 #c1 #de & #gg3 iv4 #fb1 #ge1 #if1 c4 esse videatur3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bc illud t]tio quoque s5su 9 omnibus orationibus pro s5t5tia positum #8esse videatur'3 ,qu9t1 ix4 #d1 #gc esse videatur iam nimis frequ5s1 octon>ium in*oat4 ,an in/ance occurs bel[ #g #bi4 primum e/ ut3 cp4 r>um e/ ut #g1 #bd4 ,zumpt #fbc4 ,,ii3#ai ,tum 9 suscipi5do on]e consulat suas vires4 ,nam qua$am sunt imitabilia1 quibus aut infirmitas naturae non sufficiat aut div]sitas repugnet4 ,ne1 cui t5ue +5ium erit1 sola velit =tia et abrupta1 cui =te quidem1 s$ indomitum1 amore subtilitatis #acb et vim suam p]dat et elegantiam quam cupit non p]sequatur2 nihil e/ enim tam indec5s quam cum mollia dure fiunt4 #ai4 consulat suas vires4 ,s ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #ch ,sumite mat]iam ve/ris1 qui scribitis1 aequam ,viribus1 et v]sate diu quid f]re recus5t1 ,quid valeant um]i4 ,cui lecta pot5t] erit res ,nec facundia des]et hunc nec lucidus ordo4 imitabilia3 i4e4 !re are "s ?+s :i* are 79 !mselves7 fit patt]ns = imitation1 b--!n foll[s ! limitation 7quibus c4 subj474 t5ue +5ium ability = ! t5ue g5us dic5di1 = :i* see on #a #dd4 ,cp4 xii4 #aj1 #ce nec r]um nimiam t5uitatem 444 =tioribus 444 v]bis miscebimus4 =tia et abrupta3 a #8bold & rugg$ /yle1' ! latt] quality be+ (t5 associat$ ) excessive brevity3 iv4 #b1 #de vit&a e/ illa ,sallu/iana brevitas et abruptum s]monis g5us4 =te 7sc4 +5ium73 a tal5t = vigor\s & en]getic diction4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de #acb ,orat4 ii4 #ahc non enim semp] =tis oratio qua]itur1 s$ saepe placida1 summissa1 l5is4 ,s bel[ #bc #8l5e ac remissum g5us caus>um' is t :i* calls = #8l5e ac remissum g5us dic5di4' indomitum3 #8viol5t1' unbridl$1 unre/ra9$4 ,9 su* a case ! g5us dic5di gr&e atque robu/um w be m appropriate ?an ! g5us subtile3 cp4 #a #dd4 ,= ! union ( subtilitas & elegantia cp4 #a1 #gh ,lysias subtilis atque elegans4 et 444 et3 n = aut 444 aut z ,bonnell-,mei/]1 on ! gr\nd t et is inconsi/5t ) ! negative4 ,he loses vis & fails to secure elegantia at "o & ! same "t4 ,! con/ruction occurs :5 ! writ] wi%es to indicate t ! co9cid5ce ( ! two %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/3 cp4 ,cic4 ad ,att4 iii4 #g1 #b ne et meum ma]orem exagitem et te 9 eundem luctum vocem3 id4 xii4 #dj1 #b3 ad ,fam4 xi4 #g1 #b3 de ,(f4 i4 #ad1 #db4 mollia l5ia1 dulcia4 ,he might h add$1 hav+ reg>d to :at has gone be=e1 aut cum dura mollit]4 ,cp4 ,ari/4 ,rhet4 iii4 #g 4 ,,ii3#bj ,atque ego illi praeceptori quem in/itu]am 9 libro secundo cr$idi non ea sola doc5da esse1 ad quae quemque discipulorum natura compositum vid]et2 nam is et adiuv>e debet quae 9 quoque eorum inv5it bona1 et1 quantum fi]i pote/1 adic]e quae desunt et em5d>e qua$am et mut>e2 rector enim e/ ali5orum +5iorum atque =mator4 ,difficilius e/ naturam suam f+]e4 #bj4 atque has 9 transitions (t5 ! =ce ( atqui4 ,tr4 #8,to be sure 444 ,i express$ ! belief t' 7cr$idi47 9 libro secundo3 *4 #h1 :]e he discusses ! "q1 ,an secundum sui quisque +5ii naturam doc5dus sit4 ,! conclusion arriv$ at !re might seem inconsi/5t ) :at he is n[ say+1 s ?is p>agraph is add$ to cle> away ! contradiction4--,! sequ5ce ( ?\ght is z foll[s3 ! tea*] mu/ n conf9e himself to :at 8 pupils h a natural b5t =4 ,besides develop+ lat5t tal5t1 he mu/ #8adic]e quae desunt et em5d>e qua$am et mut>e'3 = 8 (fice is to m\ld ! m9ds ( o!rs1 & t is n s h>d4 ,x is m difficult to =m "o's own "*4 ,b he ought n to wa/e 8 pa9s ov] :at he f9ds repugnant to ! m9d ( 8 pupils4 compositum3 cp4 ii4 #h1 #g4 naturam suam f+]e3 i4e4 )\t ! help & sup]vision ( a praeceptor to assi/ 9 apply+ su* pr9ciples z are laid d[n 9 #ai4 ,,ii3#ba ,s$ ne ille quidem doctor1 quamquam omnia quae recta sunt velit esse 9 suis auditoribus quam pl5issima1 9 eo tam5 cui naturam ob/>e vid]it laborabit4 ,id quoque vit&um1 9 quo magna p>s errat1 ne 9 oratione poetas nobis et hi/oricos1 9 illis op]ibus oratores aut declamatores imit&os putemus4 #ba4 quamquam3 v4 #a #cc & #if3 #g #ag bel[4 9 illis op]ibus1 sc4 9 poesi et hi/oria3 cp4 #a #ca4 declamatores3 #a #ga4 ,,ii3#bb ,sua cuique proposito lex1 suus decor e/3 nec como$ia 9 co?urnos adsurgit1 nec contra #acc trago$ia socco +r$itur4 ,habet tam5 omnis eloqu5tia aliquid commune3 id imitemur quod commune e/4 #bb4 proposito1 i4e4 (ficio poet>um1 hi/oricorum1 oratorum3 cp4 ix4 #d1 #ai3 xi4 #a1 #cc4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 decor1 #8appropriate "*'3 v4 on #a #bg4 ,qu9tilian seems to h 9 view "h ! passage 9 ,ars ,poetica 7#hf-aah7 :]e ,horace insi/s on ! necessity = ma9ta9+ prop] tone & /yle4 ,cp4 esp4 #hf ,descriptas s]v>e vices op]umque colores1 & #ib ,s+ula quaeque #acc locum t5eant sortita dec5tem4 ,cp4 also ,cic]o1 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,oratorum #a #a ,itaque et 9 trago$ia comicum vitiosum e/1 et 9 como$ia turpe tragicum3 et 9 cet]is suus e/ cuique sonus et qua$am intelleg5tibus vox4 co?urnos 444 socco4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #hi-ia ,v]sibus exponi tragicis res comica non vult2 ,indignatur item privatis ac prope socco ,dignis c>m9ibus n>r>i c5a ,?ye/ae4 ,9 l9e #hj he contra/s ! soccus 77 or #8slipp]' ( com$y ) ! gr&es co?urni 7#8busk9s'7 ( trag$y4 ,cp4 ,milton's #8! busk9'd /age1' & #8,if ,jonson's le>n$ sock be on4' ,bomba/ mu/ be avoid$ 9 com$y1 ?\gh ,int]dum tam5 et vocem como$ia tollit1 ,iratusque ,*remes tumido delitigat ore 7,a4 ,p4 #ic73 & trag$y on ! o!r h& %\ld so> above ! tone suit$ to ! affairs ( daily life 7cp4 #ie sq474--,= adsurgit cp4 #a #eb4 nec 444 nec contra3 iv4 #a1 #fj ,nec argum5tis autem nec locis nec n>rationi similis esse 9 prooemio debet oratio1 neque tam5 d$ucta semp] atque circumlita1 c4 habet tam51 i4e4 not)/&+ ! rules appropriate to ea* dep>tm5t 7lex cuique proposita74 omnis eloqu5tia4 ,= ?is wide use ( ! ^w cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 x4 ,ego v]o omnem eloqu5tiam omnesque eius p>tes sacras et v5]abiles puto3 nec solum co?urnum ve/rum aut h]oici c>m9is sonum1 s$ lyricorum quoque iucunditatem et elegorum lascivias et iamborum am>itud9em et epigrammatum lusus et quamcumque aliam speciem eloqu5tia habeat1 antepon5dam cet]is ali>um artium /udiis cr$o4 ,= oratoria eloqu5tia on ! o!r h& see cap4 vi4 & passim4 ,,ii3#bc ,etiam hoc solet incommodi accid]e iis qui se uni alicui g5]i d$id]unt1 ut1 si asp]itas iis placuit alicuius1 hanc etiam 9 l5i ac remisso caus>um g5]e non exuant2 si t5uitas aut iucunditas1 9 asp]is gravibusque causis pond]i r]um p>um respondeant3 #acd cum sit div]sa non caus>um modo int] ipsas condicio1 s$ 9 s+ulis etiam causis p>tium1 s9tque alia l5it] alia asp]e1 alia concitate alia remisse1 alia doc5di alia mov5di gratia dic5da2 quorum omnium dissimilis atque div]sa int] se ratio e/4 #bc4 uni alicui3 cp4 #bd bel[1 also 9 rev]se ord] #g #af aliquam rem unam4 ,x is us$ z ! s+ul> ( s+uli4 asp]itas1 #8passion1' opp4 to l5itas & aequabilitas4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #fd g5us orationis fusum atque tractum 7#8easy & fl[+'7 et cum l5itate quadam aequabili pr(lu5s s9e hac iudiciali asp]itate et s9e s5t5ti>um =5sibus aculeis3 ,qu9t4 i4 #h1 #aa =5si asp]itate3 cp4 #e #ad bel[4 ,! same anti!sis is giv5 9 o!r words ,orat4 #ec ,elaborant alii 9 l5itate et aequabilitate et puro quasi quodam et c&ido g5]e dic5di2 ecce aliqui duritatem et sev]itatem qu&am 9 v]bis et orationis quasi mae/itiam sequuntur4 ,cp4 de ,orat4 iii4 #g1 #bh ,gravitatem ,africanus1 l5itatem ,laelius1 asp]itatem ,galba1 pr(lu5s quiddam habuit ,c>bo et canorum4 alicuius1 #8"s p>ticul> au?or'3 = ! use ( ! full =m 9 a conditional clause1 :]eby ! pron\n receives emphasis1 cp4 #a #bb1 #acj3 #f #e3 #g #b1 #ae1 #af4 l5i ac remisso1 cp4 on =te 7sc4 +5ium7 #ai1 above4 ,s ,brutus #cag ,cotta et ,hort5sius1 quorum alt] remissus et l5is et propriis v]bis compreh5d5s solute et facile s5t5tiam1 alt] ornatus1 ac]1 444 v]borum et actionis g5]e commotior3 de ,orat4 ii4 #ie dic5di molliora ac remissiora g5]a4 t5uitas3 l subtilitas 9 #ai above1 amore subtilitatis vim suam p]dat3 cp4 #ab1 #b1 #ac sectas ad t5uitatem suam vires ipsa subtilitate consumet4 ,9 conjunction ) iucunditas 7cp4 #a #df1 #fd1 #hb1 #if1 #aja1 #aac7 x is c]ta9ly n us$ 9 a depreciatory s5se1 ?\gh x always implies ! abs5ce ( all attempt at embelli%m5t4 ,erne/i 7,clav4 ,cic47 says3 corporis e/ t5uitas1 cum sucus ei et c>nis copia dee/1 cum sit sanum3 unde ad dic5di g5us subtile transf]tur1 quod s9e vitiis e/1 s$ et s9e ornam5tis4 ,tr4 #8simplicity1' #8naturalness'3 cp4 #a #dd4 ,p]haps t5uitas & iucunditas toge!r might be r5d]$ #8artless grace1' :i* does n suffice :]e gravitas or ev5 asp]itas orationis is call$ =4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 asp]is3 #8excit+' causes1 i4e4 su* z ar\se passion1 s t ! speak] _c be l5is ac remissus1 #8smoo? & unimpassion$4' #acd cum sit3 cp4 #ac4 div]sa 444 div]sa3 an in/ance ( neglig5t repetition1 ( :i* we h ano!r 9 uni alicui imm$iately foll[+4 ,cp4 #a #h1 #i1 #bc1 #be1 #bf1 #bh1 #bi1 #db1 #hj1 #id1 #aaf1 #abf1 #aca3 #b #aa-ac1 #bd3 #c #g1 #ba3 #e #f1 #g3 #f #g3 #g #g1 #cj4 int] ipsas1 #ae4 doc5di 444 mov5di1 cp4 xii4 #aj1 #eh quot$ on #a #dd4 ,,ii3#bd ,itaque ne hoc quidem suas]im1 uni se alicui proprie1 quem p] omnia sequatur1 addic]e4 ,longe p]fectissimus ,graecorum ,demo/h5es1 aliquid tam5 aliquo 9 loco melius alii1 plurima ille4 ,s$ non qui maxime imit&us1 et solus imit&us e/4 #bd4 suas]im 444 se addic]e3 = ! inf9itive cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #bea2 ,zumpt #faf4 sequatur3 ! subj4 is to be suppli$ f ! indef9ite pron\n 7sc4 aliquem7 und]/ood be=e addic]e4 ,cp4 #a #g3 ii4 #ae1 #ab primum esse 444 duc]e 9 id quod velit3 #af1 #ai 9 quae velit duc]e4 ,= ?is use ( sequi cp4 #a #bh3 #b #g4 longe p]fectissimus3 #a #ci1 #aje4 melius4 ,! same ellipse ( ! v]b is repeat$ bel[ #c #be4 ,,ii3#be ,quid ergo8 non e/ satis omnia sic dic]e quo modo ,m4 ,tullius dixit8 ,mihi quidem satis esset1 si omnia consequi possem3 quid tam5 noc]et vim ,caes>is1 asp]itatem ,caeli1 dilig5tiam ,pollionis1 iudicium ,calvi quibusdam 9 locis adsum]e8 #be4 non e/3 cp4 #a #ef4 ,m4 ,tullius2 = ,qu9tilian's rev]5ce = ,cic]o see #a #ci & #aje sq4 quid tam5 noc]et %\ld be tak5 9 connection ) ! =ego+4 ,! mean+ is1 #8yet ev5 if ,i c\ld rival ,cic]o 9 e respect1 :at h>m w\ld x d8' etc4 ,! impf4 is motiv$ by ! prec$+ si possem1--an unrealisable supposition4 vim ,caes>is3 #a #aad4 ,cp4 i4 #g1 #cd vim ,caes>is freg]unt editi de analogia libri8 asp]itatem ,caeli3 #a #aae4 ,= an example see iv4 #b1 #abc4 ,= #8asp]itatem' ,eussn] proposes ac]bitatem4 ,pollionis3 #a #aac4 ,calvi3 #a #aae4 ,a simil> enum]ation is giv51 xii4 #aj1 #aa1 vim ,caes>is1 indolem ,caeli1 subtilitatem ,calidi1 dilig5tiam ,pollionis1 dignitatem ,messallae1 sanctitatem ,calvi1 gravitatem ,bruti1 acum5 ,sulpici1 ac]bitatem ,cassi4 adsum]e3 z #bg utilitatis gratia adsumpta2 n z #a #aba4 ,,ii3#bf ,nam praet] id quod prud5tis e/ quod 9 quoque optimum e/1 si possit1 suum fac]e1 tum 9 tanta rei difficultate unum intu5tes vix aliqua p>s sequitur4 ,ideoque cum totum exprim]e quem eleg]is pa5e sit hom9i inconcessum1 plurium bona ponamus ante oculos1 ut aliud ex alio ha]eat1 et quo quidque loco conv5iat aptemus4 #ace #bf4 praet] id quod3 see on #a #bh3 cp4 #c #f4 tum1 z if ! s5t5ce _h op5$ ) ,nam primum4 vix 444 sequitur3 #8"s elem5t1 or quality1 is realis$ ) difficulty1 if we look only at "o model4' ,vix aliqui gives prom95ce to ! affirmative1 & s diff]s f vix quisquam3 x is a*iev$ b ) difficulty4 ,= aliqua cp4 #g #af4 ,sequitur "h cont+it4 ,see on #bg3 & cp4 xi4 #b1 #ci1 quod meae quoque memoriae infirmitatem sequebatur4 aliud ex alio3 sc4 scriptore4 ha]eat3 sc4 9 animo leg5tis4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #aie quod non proposito conducat et ha]eat apte4 #ace ,,ii3#bg ,imitatio autem 7nam saepius idem dicam7 non sit tantum 9 v]bis4 ,illuc int5d5da m5s1 quantum fu]it illis viris decoris 9 rebus atque p]sonis1 quod consilium1 quae dispositio1 quam omnia1 etiam quae delectationi videantur data1 ad victoriam spect5t2 quid agatur prooemio1 quae ratio et quam v>ia n>r&i1 quae vis prob&i ac refell5di1 quanta 9 adfectibus omnis g5]is mov5dis sci5tia1 quamque laus ipsa popul>is utilitatis gratia adsumpta1 quae tum e/ pul*]rima1 cum sequitur1 non cum arcessitur4 ,haec si p]vid]imus1 tum v]e imitabimur4 #bg4 saepius3 #ab-ac3 #af4 non sit3 cp4 non putemus #c #af3 ibid4 #e4 7,cp4 also ut9am non inqu9asset #a #ajj47 ,cic4 pro ,clu5t4 #aee a legibus non rec$amus3 ,hor4 ,sat4 ii4 #e1 #ia non etiam sileas4 ,draeg]1 ,hi/4 ,synt4 #a1 #cab speaks ( ! usage z a /rong] negation ?an ne4 ,nettle%ip on ,a54 #ab1 #gh says t non is us$ #8if a p>ticul> "p ( ! s5t5ce is to be emphasiz$4' ,kr4#c sugge/s t non %\ld be tak5 ) tantum4--,see ,introd4 p4 lii4 delectationi 444 data3 xii4 #aj1 #de atque id fecisse ,m4 ,tullium video1 ut cum plurimum utilitati1 turn p>tem qu&am delectationi d>et4 ad victoriam3 #a #bi ad victoriam niti3 ii4 #d1 #cb3 v4 #ab1 #bb3 xii4 #aj1 #dh4 prooemio1 n>r&i1 prob&i1 refell5di1 adfectibus mov5dis give ! five ess5tial p>ts ( a judicial spee* 7iii4 #i1 #a72 ! introduction1 ! n>rative1 ! pro(1 ! refutation1 & ! clos+ appeal 7epilogus1 p]oratio74 laus popul>is3 cp4 #a #ag laudantium clamor3 ref]r+ to ! cr[d surr\nd+ ! tribunal4 ,tac4 ,dial4 vi4 coire populum et circumfundi coronam et accip]e adfectum quemcumque orator indu]it4 ,9 viii4 #c1 #b ,qu9tilian opposes to laus popul>is1 iudicium doctorum4 adsumpta 7sit73 #8h[ popul> applause itself has be5 work$ 91' made useful = w9n+ ! case4 cum sequitur1 #8:5 x is giv5 spontane\sly1 n c\rt$4' ,s viii4 prooem4 #ah decoris qui e/ 9 dic5do mea quidem s5t5tia pul*]rimus1 s$ cum sequitur1 non cum adfectatur4 ,cp4 ,sall4 ,cat4 #ed ad f943 quo m9us petebat gloriam1 eo magis illum sequebatur3 ibid4 #c4 ,pl94 ,epi/4 i4 #h1 #ad sequi enim gloria non adpeti debet1 nec si casu aliquo non sequatur1 idcirco quod gloriam m]uit m9us pul*rum e/4 ,,ii3#bh ,qui v]o etiam propria 8 bona adiec]it1 ut suppleat quae de]unt1 circumcidat si quid r$undabit1 is erit1 quem qua]imus1 p]fectus orator2 quem nunc consumm>i potissimum oporteat1 cum tanto plura exempla b5e dic5di sup]sunt quam illis qui adhuc summi sunt contig]unt4 ,nam erit haec quoque laus eorum1 ut priores sup]asse1 po/]os docuisse dicantur4 #bh4 p]fectus orator3 see on #i quomodo sp]>e possumus illum oratorem p]fectum8 quem 444 consumm>i4 ,if quem c be ref]r$ only to orator 9 :at imm$iately prec$es 7& n to p]fectus orator7 ! inf4 ne$ n mean any?+ m ?an #8p]fectum fi]i4' ,?is is ,be*]'s view 7,quae/4 ,qu9t4 p4 #ai7 adopt$ by ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,b #8p]fectus orator' =ms s mu* a s+le idea "h t x seems m probable t quem cov]s bo? ! n\n & ! adj4 ,9 s loose a writ] z ,qu9tilian no difficulty ne$ be felt ab\t consumm>i1 ?\gh ! editors ?9k x necess>y to assume t1 ) ! inf941 p]fectus is proleptic oratorem consumm>i ita ut p]fectus fiat1 comp>+ 7) ,krg]1 #bnd ed47 ,demo/h4 4 ,see #a #abb on consummatus4 oporteat3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 eorum3 sc4 qui adhuc summi sunt1--^? :o h hi!rto be5 7& are7 pre-em95t4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,h[ to ,write4 #acf #acf ,quo modo scrib5dum sit4 ,,iii3#a ,,iii4 ,et haec quidem auxilia extr9secus adhib5tur2 9 iis autem quae nobis ipsis p>&a sunt1 ut laboris1 sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum adf]t /ilus4 ,nec imm]ito ,m4 ,tullius hunc #8optimum effectorem ac magi/rum dic5di' vocat1 cui s5t5tiae p]sonam ,l4 ,crassi 9 disputationibus quae sunt de oratore adsign&o1 iudicium suum cum illius auctoritate coniunxit4 #a4 nobis ipsis opp4 to extr9secus3 :at we mu/ provide = ourselves1 by our own gifts & indu/ry4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 mu* to be said = ,g]tz's conjecture e nobis ipsis1 :i* gives a bett] anti!sis to extr9secus3 cp4 #e #aj plurimum autem p>>i facultatis exi/imo ex simplicissima quaque mat]ia4 /ilus3 see on #a #b4 ,m4 ,tullius3 de ,orat4 i4 #aej caput autem e/ quod1 ut v]e dicam1 m9ime facimus2 e/ enim magni laboris1 quem pl]ique fugimus3 quam plurimum scrib]e4 /ilus optimus et prae/antissimus dic5di effector ac magi/]2 neque iniuria3 nam si subitam et =tuitam orationem comm5tatio et cogitatio facile v9cit1 hanc ipsam pr(ecto adsidua ac dilig5s scriptura sup]abit3 ibid4 #beg /ilus ille tuus1 quem tu v]e dixi/i p]fectorem dic5di esse ac magi/rum1 multi sudoris e/4 ,cp4 iii4 #aij3 ,brutus #if artifex1 ut ita dicam1 /ilus3 ad ,fam4 vii4 #be1 #b is 7/ilus7 e/ dic5di opifex4 ,l4 ,crassi4 ,l4 ,lic9ius ,crassus1 ,b4,c4 #adj-ia1 0 ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( ,roman orators be=e ,cic]o1 :o 9 ! ,de ,oratore seems to make him ! m\?piece ( 8 own op9ions4 ,! o!r lead+ "* 9 ! dialogue is ,m4 ,antonius 7,b4,c4 #adc-hg71 gr&fa!r ( ! triumvir4 ,= a p>allel e/imate ( ! two see ,brutus #adc sq4 p]sonam 444 adsign&o3 cp4 #a #ga plures subire p]sonas4 ,,iii3#b ,scrib5dum ergo quam dilig5tissime et quam plurimum4 ,nam ut t]ra alte refossa g5]&is al5disque sem9ibus fecundior fit1 sic pr(ectus non a summo petitus /udiorum fructus effundit ub]ius et fidelius cont9et4 ,nam s9e hac quidem consci5tia ipsa illa ex tempore dic5di facultas inanem #acg modo loquacitatem dabit et v]ba 9 labris nasc5tia4 #b4 alte refossa3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,! mean+ is t j z deep pl\gh+ produces heavy crops1 s progress t is n sup]ficial 7non a summo petitus7 br+s =? fruit m abundantly & secures its p]man5ce4 ,= ! figure cp4 i4 #c1 #e non multum prae/ant1 s$ cito4 ,non sube/ v]a vis nec p5itus immissis radicibus nititur1 ut quae summo solo sp>sa sunt sem9a cel]ius se effundunt et imitatae spicas h]bulae inanibus ari/is ante messem flavescunt4 ,= refod]e cp4 ,lucan1 iv4 #bdb tellure refossa3 ,pl94 ,n4 ,h4 xix4 #hh solo quam altissime refosso4 pr(ectus3 cp4 #ae bel[1 ad pr(ectum opus e/ /udio3 i4 #c1 #e /at pr(ectus 7#8gr[?'74 ,! ^w does n occur 9 ,cic]o1 ?\gh x is (t5 us$ 9 ! same s5se by ,s5eca3 e4g4 ,ep4 #ga1 #ce-cf1 nemo pr(ectum ibi inv5it ubi reliqu]at 444 magna p>s e/ pr(ectus velle pr(ic]e3 #ajj1 #aa ad pr(ectum omnia t5dunt4 ,qu9tilian frequ5tly insi/s t x requires dilig5t & con/ant practice3 e4g4 ii4 #g1 #a cum pr(ectus praecipue dilig5tia con/et4 a summo1 i4e4 f ! surface1 #8sup]ficial1' z i4 #c1 #e quae summo solo sp>sa sunt sem9a4 ,! opposite is #8v]us ille pr(ectus et alte radicibus nixus1' i4 #a1 #bh4 ,cp4 #b #ae4 ,o!r in/ances ( su* expressions are #a #ac ex proximo3 #g #g ad ultimum3 #aj ex ultimo3 #b #af 9 peius4 ,see ,introd4 p4 xlvii4 s9e hac consci5tia s9e huius rei consci5tia1 i4e4 )\t ! consci\sness ( dilig5t application 9 composition4 ,9 su* expressions 7frequ5t ) words l cura1 metus1 spes1 timor7 ! pron\n #acg takes ! place ( a complem5t>y g5itive1 sugge/$ by :at goes be=e3 cp4 i4 #aj1 #bh haec ei cura1 c43 & bel[ #g #ai4 v]ba 9 labris nasc5tia4 ,cp4 ,s54 ,ep4 #aj1 #c non a summis labris i/a v5]unt2 hab5t hae voces fundam5tum4 ,,iii3#c ,illic radices1 illic fundam5ta sunt1 illic opes velut sanctiore quodam a]>io conditae1 unde ad subitos quoque casus1 cum res exiget1 pr(]antur4 ,vires faciamus ante omnia1 quae sufficiant labori c]tam9um et usu non exhauriantur4 #c4 illic /ilo sive ex]citatione scrib5di4 sanctiore 444 a]>io4 ,! ref]5ce is to ! res]ve treasure 7a]>ium sanctius7 t 0 nev] t\*$ except 9 great em]g5cies4 ,x 0 kept 9 a vault 9 ! ,temple ( ,saturn4 ,caes4 ,b4 ,c4 i4 #ad1 #a3 ,livy xxvii41 #aj1 #aa3 ,macrob4 i4 #h1 #c3 ,lucan4 ,ph>s4 iii4 #aec sq4 c]tam9um3 s #a #d quo g5]e ex]citationis ad c]tam9a praep>&us sit4 ,c]tam5 4 ,cp4 #a #ca1 #ajf1 c4 pr(]antur3 = ! subj4 7consecutive7 cp4 #a #cj3 #c #cc3 #e #aj4 et 444 non3 n neque1 z ! negative really connects only ) ! v]b1 :ile et s]ves simply to introduce usu4 ,cp4 #g #cc4 ,,iii3#d ,nihil enim r]um ipsa natura voluit magnum effici cito1 praeposuitque pul*]rimo cuique op]i difficultatem2 quae nasc5di quoque hanc fec]it legem1 ut maiora animalia diutius visc]ibus p>5tis cont9]5tur4 ,s$ cum sit duplex quae/io1 quo modo et quae maxime scribi oporteat1 iam h9c ord9em sequ>4 #d4 r]um ipsa natura3 "h ( #8nature' z a creative ag5cy3 cp4 #bf bel[3 ,munro on ,lucretius i4 #be4 praeposuitque4 ,:5 x is cle> f ! context t !re is an opposition1 s5t5ces & words ( opposite mean+s are (t5 c\pl$ 7aft] a negative7 n by a disjunctive b by a conjunctive p>ticle1 z "h3 cp4 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #bb non nobis solum nati sumus ortusque no/ri p>tem patria v9dicat p>tem amici3 ibid4 #hf neque opes aut pot5tiam consectabitur totamque eam 7rempublicam7 sic tuebitur ut omnibus consulat3 ,hor4 ,c>4 iii4 #cj1 #f ,non omnis mori>1 multaque p>s mei ,vitabit ,libit9am4 ,9 ea* in/ance1 h[ev]1 ! positive clause 7que1 et1 atque7 is an explanation (1 r ?an an anti!sis to1 ! negative3 ! opposition is =mal r ?an real4 difficultatem4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #i1 #ei ,nil s9e magno ,vita labore d$it mortalibus3 ,hesiod 4 #bhi 3 ,soph4 ,el4 #ide 1 c4 ,frag4 #cfd 3 ,epi*>mus 9 ,x5oph4 ,mem4 ii4 #a1 #bj 4 quae maxime1 v4 *4 #e4 iam h9c ord9em sequ>1 i4e4 #8,i %all n[ proce$ to deal ) ^! que/ions 9 _! ord]4' ,& s foll[s quomodo 9 *s4 iii-iv1 & quae maxime scribi oporteat 9 *4 v4 ,! phrase is p>allel to iii4 #f1 #ajd nunc1 quia 9 tria g5]a causas divisi1 ord9em sequ>3 cp4 ut ord9em sequ> ix4 #d1 #cc4 ,9 support ( ,obre*t's read+ hunc ord9em ,kid]l9 7,bltt] f4 d4 ,bay]1 ,gymn4 #ahhh1 pp4 #hd-e7 urges t 9 ! in/ances quot$ = iam h9c 7ii4 #aa1 #a1 & iii4 #a1 #a3 add viii4 #c1 #dj iam h9c igitur ad rationem s]monis coniuncti transeamus1 & h9c iam viii4 pr4 #ad3 ii4 #d1 #a7 !re is always a m>k$ transition to a new subject1 :]eas "h ! prec$+ subord9ate clause 7cum sit 444 oporteat7 lays d[n ! ord] t is aft]w>ds foll[$4--,b all t iam h9c means "h is simply t ! writ] w n[ take ! two que/ions he has propos$ 9 ! ord] /at$4 ,,iii3#e ,sit primo vel t>dus dum #ach dilig5s /ilus1 qua]amus optima nec prot9us (f]5tibus se gaudeamus1 adhibeatur iudicium inv5tis1 dispositio probatis2 dilectus enim r]um v]borumque ag5dus e/ et pond]a s+ulorum exam9&a4 ,po/ subeat ratio colloc&i v]s5turque omni modo num]i1 non ut quodque se pr(]et v]bum occupet locum4 #e4 dum dilig5s1 )\t a v]b3 cp4 #a #id quamvis uno libro3 ,cic4 ,acad4 ii4 #ajd sequ5tes tantum modo quod ita visum sit1 dum s9e ads5su3 cp4 ,hirtius 9 ,cic4 ad ,att4 xv4 #f1 #c dummodo dilig5tibus4 #ach optima1 i4e4 bo? 9 ?\ght & ^w4 prot9us goes ) gaudeamus1 n ) (f]5tibus1 :i* c /& by itself3 cp4 #a #b & #db4 ,= (f]5tibus cp4 on em95tibus #a #hf4 dilectus 444 ag5dus4 ,?is may possibly be "o ( ,qu9tilian's milit>y figures3 xii4 #c1 #e dilectus ag]e 7( an imp]ator72 ,tac4 ,hi/4 ii4 #af1 #hb1 ,agric4 #g4 ,b cp4 also ii4 #h1 #g /udiorum fac]e dilectum3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #bb v]bis delectum adhibuit3 ,cic4 de ,or4 iii4 #aej 9 hoc v]borum g5]e propriorum delectus e/ hab5dus quidam atque 9 aurium quodam iudicio pond]&us e/3 de ,(f4 i4 #adi hab]e dilectum civis et p]egr9i3 ib4 #di3 de ,f94 v4 #ij3 ,brut4 #bec v]borum dilectum orig9em esse eloqu5tiae4 ratio colloc&i4 ,= ?is p]iphra/ic con/r4 see ,ngelsba* #bg ad f94 7p4 #acj7 & note on vim dic5di #a #a4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ad ,qu9t4 ,fr4 i4 #a1 #f1 #ah s$ nescio quo pacto ad praecipi5di rationem delapsa e/ oratio mea3 pro ,rosc4 ,am]4 #a #c ignosc5di ratio 444 de civitate sublata e/4--,dion4 ,hal4 unites ) 4 num]i3 ix4 #d1 #de num]os accipi volo4 ,cp4 note on #b #af4 ,,iii3#f ,quae quidem ut dilig5tius exsequamur1 repet5da saepius erunt scriptorum proxima4 ,nam praet] id quod sic melius iunguntur prioribus sequ5tia1 calor quoque ille cogitationis1 qui scrib5di mora refrixit1 recipit ex integro vires et velut repetito spatio sumit impetum2 quod 9 c]tam9e sali5di fi]i videmus1 ut conatum longius petant et ad illud quo cont5ditur spatium cursu f]antur1 utque 9 iacul&o bra*ia r$ucimus et expulsuri tela n]vos retro t5dimus4 #f4 repet5da3 we mu/ g back on :at we h j writt54 praet] id quod3 cp4 #b #bf1 & see note on #a #bh4 repetito spatio1 i4e4 #8go+ back to take a spr+1' z is %[n by :at foll[s4 ,he passes f ! figure involv$ 9 calor 444 refrixit1 & anticipates ! idea conta9$ 9 ! next clause3 calor 444 sumit impetum calor 444 d5uo ex>descit4 ,hild comp>es de ,orat4 i4 #aec = a simil> figure3 ut concitato navigio1 cum remiges inhibu]unt1 ret9et tam5 ipsa navis motum et cursum suum int]misso impetu pulsuque remorum1 sic 9 oratione p]petua1 cum scripta deficiunt1 p>em tam5 obt9et oratio reliqua cursum scriptorum similitud9e et vi concitata4 quod 444 videmus1 ut4 ,= a simil> in/ance ( ! use ( ! pron\n to anticipate a dep5d5t clause cp4 #g #aa4 ,! o!r two examples commonly giv5 are r cases ( pleonasm1 viz4 #a #eh & #e #ah4 conatum longius petant3 #8take a long] run4' ,cp4 repetito spatio above4 ad illud quo cont5ditur spatium1 i4e4 jump ! di/ance !y aim at cov]+4 ,quo cont5ditur lit4 to :i* _! ef=ts are direct$4 retro t5dimus4 ,cp4 ,v]g4 ,a54 v4 #ejj ,validis flexos incurvant viribus arcus4 ,,iii3#g ,int]im tam51 si f]et flatus1 d&a sunt vela1 dum nos indulg5tia illa non #aci fallat2 omnia enim no/ra dum nascuntur plac5t1 alioqui nec scrib]5tur4 ,s$ r$eamus ad iudicium et retractemus suspectam facilitatem4 #g4 int]im int]dum1 v4 on #a #i4 d&a sunt vela3 #8we mu/ spread our sails be=e a fav\r+ breeze' 7cp4 quo v5tus f]ebat ,caes4 ,b4 ,g4 iii4 #ae1 #c74 ,s ,ep4 ad ,tryph4 #c p]mittamus vela v5tis et oram solv5tibus b5e precemur4 ,! figure is frequ5t 9 ,cic]o3 quocunque f]emur d&a nimirum vela sunt ,orat4 #ge3 ad id unde aliquis flatus o/5ditur vela d 7i4e4 set my sails to cat* ! breeze f a p>ticul> qu>t]7 de ,orat4 ii4 #ahg4 ,s ,m>tial 7( ,n]va's mode/y7 ,pi]iam t5ui frontem r$imire corona ,cont5tus1 famae nec d>e vela suae viii4 #gj4 dum 444 non1 in/ead ( ne1 z sometimes #aci 9 poetry4 ,"h ! negative atta*es closely to ! v]b3 cp4 #c4 ,s xii4 #aj1 #dh dum rem cont9eant et copia non r$und5t4 ,qu9tilian nev] uses dummodo3 only dum1 or modo4 ,si modo 7si quidem71 :i* ,mei/] cites1 is diff]5t3 x expresses ! limitation ( a hypo!sis4 dum nascuntur3 cp4 #a #af excipimusque nova illa velut nasc5tia cum favore ac sollicitud9e4 nec = ne 444 quidem3 ii4 #ac1 #g alioqui nec scrib]em3 v4 #aj1 #aai alioqui nec dixissem3 ix4 #b1 #fg quod 9 =o non exp$it1 illic nec liceat 7n 9 ,cic]o74 ,= o!r in/ances see ,bonn4 ,lex4 nec & neque 3 ,roby #bbcj;b3 ,madvig de ,f9ibus pp4 #haf-hbb4 facilitatem3 ab/ract = concrete quae facilius scripta sunt4 ,cp4 initiis bel[1 & #b #b4 ,,iii3#h ,sic scripsisse ,sallu/ium accepimus1 et sane manife/us e/ etiam ex op]e ipso labor4 ,v]gilium quoque paucissimos die composuisse v]sus auctor e/ ,v>ius4 #h4 ,sallu/ium3 see on #a #aja4 ,v]gilium3 ,aul4 ,gell4 ,n4 ,a4 #ag1 #aj ,dic]e solitum f]unt p>]e se v]sus m atque ritu urs9o4 ,namque ut illa be/ia fetum ed]et ineffigiatum in=memque1 lamb5doque id po/ea1 quod ita edidisset1 con=m>et et f+]et2 pro9de +5ii quoque sui p>tes rec5tes rudi esse facie et imp]fecta1 s$ de9ceps tract&o col5doque r$d]e iis se oris et vultus l9eam5ta4 ,s too 9 ! ,donatus ,life ( ,v]gil ix3 ,cum ,georgica scrib]et traditur cotidie m$itatos mane plurimos v]sus dict>e solitus1 ac p] totum diem retract&o ad paucissimos r$ig]e1 non absurde c>m5 se ursae m p>]e dic5s et lamb5do demum eff+]e4 die1 = 9 die4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,sat4 ii4 #a1 #c putat 444 mille die v]sus d$uci posse3 i4 #d1 #i 9 hora saepe duc5tos 444 dictabat v]sus4 ,s bisque die ,v]g4 ,ecl4 iii4 #cd3 ,cic4 pro ,rosc4 ,am4 #df #acb 9 anno3 ad ,fam4 xv4 #af1 #a 9 hora4 ,v>ius1 see on #a #ih4 ,8 biographical sket* ( 8 lifelong fri5d 0 entitl$ ,de +5io moribusque ,v]gilii4 ,aul4 ,gell4 7xvii4 #aj7 speaks ( ! ,amici famili>esque ,p4 ,v]gilii 9 eis quae de +5io moribusque eius memoriae tradid]unt4 ,,iii3#i ,oratoris quidem alia condicio e/2 itaque hanc moram et sollicitud9em initiis imp]o4 ,nam primum hoc con/itu5dum1 hoc obt95dum e/1 ut quam optime scribamus3 cel]itatem dabit consuetudo4 ,paulatim res facilius se o/5d5t1 v]ba respondebunt1 compositio sequetur1 cuncta d5ique ut 9 familia b5e in/ituta 9 (ficio erunt4 #i4 sollicitud9em3 #a #bj scrib5di sollicitud9em3 & #bj1 bel[1 scrib5tium curam4 initiis incipi5tibus3 cp4 #b #b4 ,s also ii4 #d1 #ac quat5us nullo magis /udia 7 /udiosi7 quam spe gaud5t4 compositio3 #a #gi3 cp4 #dd1 #df4 ,! ?ree ess5tials are "h enum]at$3 ?\ght 7res71 language 7v]ba71 arrangem5t 7compositio74 9 (ficio3 cp4 viii4 pr4 #cj erunt 9 (ficio4 ,z 9 a well-ord]$ e/abli%m5t1 he says1 ev]y?+ w be f\nd fulfill+ its prop] function4 ,,iii3#aj ,summa haec e/ rei3 cito scrib5do non fit ut b5e scribatur1 b5e scrib5do fit ut cito4 ,s$ tum maxime1 cum facultas illa contig]it1 resi/amus ut provideamus1 eff]5tes #adj se equos fr5is quibusdam co]ceamus2 quod non tam moram faciet quam novos impetus dabit4 ,neque enim rursus eos qui robur aliquod 9 /ilo fec]9t ad infelicem calumni&i se po5am adlig&os puto4 #aj4 summa haec4 #8,write quickly & y w nev] write well3 write well & 9 "t y w write quickly4' ,! ,greek rhetoricians are said to h _h a say+ 1 on :i* ,cic]o seems to make ,crassus f\nd a simil> utt]ance de ,orat4 i4 #aej dic5do hom9es ut dicant effic]e sol]e1 444 p]v]se dic]e hom9es p]v]se dic5do facillime consequi4 facultas illa1 sc4 cito scrib5di4 resi/amus3 #8let u pause1' #8call a halt4' ,cp4 #ai3 #g #ad3 xi4 #b1 #df3 #c1 #aba3 ix4 #c1 #ee4 ,cp4 ! use ( int]si/]e ix4 #d1 #cc4 ut provideamus3 #f #f non sollicitos #adj et respici5tes et una spe susp5sos recordationis non s9ant provid]e3 #g #aj ut donec p]v5iamus ad f9em non m9us prospectu proc$amus quam gradu3 i4 #ab1 #d nonne alia dicimus1 alia providemus4 ,s f> f be+ a gloss1 ! words seem to be necess>y to def9e ! mean+ & motive ( resi/amus3 x is 9 ord] to #8look ahead' t we ought to pause f "t to "t4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 eff]5tes se3 #8runn+ away1' or r1 #8try+ to make (f1' a praes5s conatus1 z is %[n by non tam moram faciet1 c4 ,cp4 ,hom4 ,il4 #bc1 #cgf 3 ,x54 de ,re ,eque/r41 #c #d4 ,9 ,livy xxx4 #bj1 #c1 ! figure is tak5 r f ! #8pranc+ & curvet+' ( a horse1 ,neque 444 tam ,p4 ,scipio exultabit atque eff]et sese quam ,hanno4 7,hild's p>allel 1 sc4 f ,soph4 ,electr4 #gbe1 cp4 ,eurip4 ,hippol4 #abbd1 is m appropriate to ! read+ f]5tes equos47 ,= ! omission ( et be=e eff]5tes 7f\nd 9 no ,,ms47 cp4 #g #a :]e a figure is add$ )\t any conjunction 7auxilium 9 publicum pollic]i 444 intr>e portum74 neque enim3 ! ellipse may be suppli$ z foll[s1--si moram fac]et non suad]em4 ,! mean+ is1 x is only 9 cases :]e x w n cause injuri\s delay t ,i recomm5d ?is curb+ & self-re/ra9t2 = nei!r1 aga91 c4 robur fec]9t3 #c vires faciamus4 infelicem3 see on #a #g cuiusdam infelicis op]ae4 calumni&i se3 #8! wret*$ task ( p$antic self-criticism4' ,see on #a #aae nimia contra se calumnia3 viii4 pr4 #ca quibus nullus e/ f9is calumni&i se et cum s+ulis pa5e syllabis commori5di1 qui etiam cum optima sunt rep]ta1 qua]unt aliquid quod sit magis antiquum3 #aa remotum1 inop9atum4 ,,iii3#aa ,nam quo modo suffic]e (ficiis civilibus possit qui s+ulis actionum p>tibus ins5escat8 ,sunt autem quibus nihil sit satis3 omnia mut>e1 omnia alit] dic]e quam occurrit vel9t1-- incr$uli quidam et de +5io suo pessime m]iti1 qui dilig5tiam putant fac]e sibi scrib5di difficultatem4 #aa4 (ficiis civilibus3 #8! duties ( a citiz51' "h ) special ref]5ce to legal practice & ! advocacy ( cases 9 c\rts ( law3 #g #a3 cp4 ,suet4 ,tib4 #h civilium (ficiorum rudim5tis4 ,! phrase 9 its wide/ application includes all ! #8civilities' & att5tions :i* "o citiz5 may be expect$ to %[ to ano!r1 especially 9 ! relation ( patron & cli5t3 e4g4 (ficio togae virilis int]fui1 ,pl94 ,ep4 i4 #i #b4 ,casaubon def9es (ficium #8cum honoris causa praes5tiam no/ram alicui commodamus'3 = in/ances ( its use 9 ?is s5se cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 i4 #e1 #aa3 i4 #ac1 #g3 ii4 #a1 #h3 ,hor4 ,epi/4 i4 #g1 #h (ficiosaque s$ulitas et opella =5sis3 ,sat4 ii4 #f1 #bd (ficio respondeat 7#8answ] duty's call1' ,palm]74 vel9t3 pot5tial1 z (t54 ,! clause /&s by itself1 & !re is no ne$ = suppos+ ! omission ( ! relative4 incr$uli quidam3 #8a diffid5t sort ( p1' #8someh[ afraid ( !mselves4' ,= quidam cp4 #a #gf4 ,x is employ$1 z (t5 by ,cic]o1 to %[ t ! ^w us$ is z ne> ! au?or's mean+ z possible1 ?\gh sometimes x is jo9$ ) an expression t is m]ely a make%ift3 cp4 4 ,x indicates an undef9$ degree ( ! adjective ) :i* x is connect$1 & has sometimes a modify+1 sometimes an int5sify+ effect3 "h ! =m] is n s probable consid]+ ! /r5g? ( ! phrase t foll[s1 #8s9n+ griev\sly aga9/ _! natural gifts4' dilig5tiam is pr$43 supply esse4 ,! subject is fac]e 444 difficultatem4 ,,iii3#ab ,nec promptum e/ dic]e utros pecc>e validius #ada putem1 quibus omnia sua plac5t an quibus nihil4 ,accidit enim etiam +5iosis adulesc5tibus frequ5t]1 ut labore consumantur et 9 sil5tium usque desc5dant nimia b5e dic5di cupiditate4 ,qua de re mem9i n>rasse mihi ,iulium ,secundum illum1 aequalem meum atque a me1 ut notum e/1 famili>it] amatum1 mirae facundiae virum1 inf9itae tam5 curae1 quid esset sibi a patruo suo dictum4 #ab4 validius4 ,common 9 ,qu9tilian3 iii4 #h1 #fa v]borum autem magnific5tia non validius e/ adfect&a suasorias declamantibus1 s$ cont+it magis3 vi4 ,prooem4 #h quo me validius cruci>et3 ix4 #b1 #gf quanto validius bonos inhibet pudor quam metus4 ,! sup]lative is frequ5t 9 ,pl9y3 e4g4 validissime plac]e ,ep4 i4 #bj1 #bb3 te validissime diligo iii4 #ae1 #b3 vi4 #h1 #i validissime v]eor3 ix4 #ce1 #a #ada validissime cup]e4 ,cp4 ,caelias 9 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 viii4 #b1 #a ego quum pro amicitia validissime fac]em ei4 ,horace has valdius oblectat populam ,a4 ,p4 #cba3 cp4 ,ep4 i4 #i1 #f4 omnia sua3 cp4 #a #acj 7( ,s5eca7 si non omnia sua amasset3 ibid4 #hh 7( ,ovid7 nimium amator +5ii sui4 n>rasse3 ,qu9tilian always uses ! p]fect inf94 aft] mem9i1 ev5 :]e ! p]son :o recalls ! ev5t 0 a witness ( x4 ,! rule is ?us /at$ by ,roby #acgb #8,mem9i is us$ ) ! pres5t 7& sometimes ! p]fect7 inf9itive ( ev5ts ( :i* ! subject himself 0 witness1 ) ! p]fect inf9itive ( ev5ts ( :i* ! subject 0 n witness4' ,on ?is ,dr4 ,reid has a valuable note de ,amic4 #b3 #8,! rule may be some:at m precisely /at$ ?us3 ,if ! p]son :o recalls an ev5t 0 a witness ( x1 he may ei!r 7a7 vividly picture to himself ! ev5t & its att5dant circum/ances s t x becomes really pres5t to 8 m9d's eye = ! mom5t1 9 :i* case he uses ! pres5t inf9itive1 or 7b7 he may simply recall ! fact t ! ev5t did take place 9 pa/ "t1 9 :i* case ! p]fect inf9itive is us$4 ,if he 0 n a witness1 he evid5tly c conceive ! ev5t only 9 ! latt] ( ^! two ways4 ,z reg>ds 7a7 cp4 ,v]g4 ,ecl4 ix4 #eb longos cant&o pu]um mem9i me cond]e soles ) ,georg4 iv4 #abe mem9i me ,corycium vidisse s5em4 ,examples l ! latt] ( ^! two are m num]\s ?an is commonly suppos$4' ,iulius ,secundus1 #a #abj4 ,,iii3#ac ,is fuit ,iulius ,florus1 9 eloqu5tia ,galli>um1 quoniam ibi demum ex]cuit eam1 pr9ceps1 alioqui int] #adb paucos dis]tus et dignus illa prop9quitate4 ,is cum ,secundum1 s*olae adhuc op]atum1 tri/em =te vidisset1 int]rogavit quae causa frontis tam adductae8 #ac4 ,iulius ,florus is g5]ally suppos$ to be id5tical ) ! individual to :om1 z "o ( ! comites ( ,tib]ius ,claudius 9 8 mission to ! ,ea/1 ,horace addresses 7,b4,c4 #bj7 ! ,?ird ,epi/le ( ! ,fir/ ,book3 cp4 also ii4 #b4 ,horace indicates 8 "y fri5d's ability 9 ! foll[+ l9es 7i4 #c1 #ba7 ,non tibi p>vum ,+5ium1 non incultum e/ et turpit] hirtum3 ,seu l+uam causis acuis1 seu civica iura ,respond]e p>as1 seu condis amabile c>m51 ,prima f]es h$]ae victricis praemia4 ,! s*olia/ ,porphyrio tells u t he wrote satires3 ,hic ,florus fuit satir>um scriptor1 cuius sunt electae ex ,ennio1 ,lucilio1 ,v>rone satirae1 #8by :i* is meant1 d\btless1' says ,pr(4 ,wilk9s1 #8t he re-wrote "s ( ! poems ( ^! e>li] au?ors1 adapt+ !m to ! ta/e ( 8 own day1 mu* z ,dryd5 & ,pope re-wrote ,*auc]'s tales4' ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a *ronological difficulty 9 ! id5tification ( ! ,florus :o 0 a "y man 9 ,b4,c4 #bj ) ! ,florus :o 0 ! patruus ( ,iulius ,secundus1 a contempor>y ( ,qu9tilian 7aequalem meum71 :o di$ t[>ds ! end ( ,domitian's reign be=e he _h complet$ ! natural t]m ( life 7si longius contigisset aetas #a #abj74 ,s5eca 7,controv4 ix4 #be1 #beh7 m5tions a ,iulius ,florus :o 0 a pupil ( ,porcius ,latro 7fl4 cir4 ,b4,c4 #ag74 ,!re is also ! ,gauli% nobleman :o head$ a rebellion among ! ,trev]i1 & aft]w>ds committ$ suicide1 ,a4,d4 #ba 7,tac4 ,ann4 iii4 #dj-db74 ,hild id5tifies ?is ,florus ) ! "o 9 ! text3 b x is absolutely impossible t ! ,florus :o di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #ba c h se5 ,secundus 7s*olae adhuc op]atum71 :o _c h be5 born till ab\t tw5ty ye>s lat]4 9 eloqu5tia4 ,! g5itive is m common ) pr9ceps3 #a #eh3 viii4 #f1 #cj ,romanae eloqu5tiae pr9cipem3 vi4 #c1 #a4 ,galli>um4 ,eloqu5ce fl\ri%$ 9 ,gaul "u ! ,empire4 ,at ,lugdunum ,caligula in/itut$ 7,a4,d4 #ci-dj7 a conte/ 9 ,greek & ,lat9 oratory 7c]tam5 ,graecae ,lat9aeque facundiae1 ,suet4 ,calig4 #bj74 ,cp4 ,iuv4 i4 #dd ,aut ,lugdun5sem rhetor dicturus ad aram4 quoniam introduces :at is virtually a p>5!sis1 ref]r+ n to ! :ole s5t5ce b only to ,galli>um4 ibi demum3 #a #dd3 #b #h3 #f #e4 #adb ,"h x leads up to alioqui 7ap>t f ?is fact3 moreov]7 7#a #fd73 x 0 9 ,gaul t he practis$1 b he w\ld h %one any:]e4 alioqui3 #a #fd4 ,"h x ap>t f ?is fact1 ev5 if comp>$ ) orators ( o!r c\ntries4 ,transl4 #8besides1' & cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #cg validus alioqui sp]n5dis honoribus3 ,hi/4 ii4 #bg3 iii4 #cb4 ,o!r in/ances 9 ,qu9tilian are ii4 #a1 #d3 #ae1 #i3 iv4 pr4 #f3 v4 #i1 #aa1 c4 int] paucos1 #8z few h ev] be5'3 ,livy xxii4 #g1 #a int] paucas memorata populi ,romani clades3 cp4 xxiii4 #dd1 #d3 xxxviii4 #ae1 #i2 ,q4 ,curtius iv4 #h1 #g 9 paucis ,alex&ro c>us3 cp4 vi4 #h1 #b4 illa prop9quitate1 i4e4 8 relation%ip to ,secundus1 ( :om ,qu9tilian speaks ) pride z a fri5d & contempor>y #a #abj4 ,is fuit 444 ,is cum3 "o ( ,qu9tilian's neglig5ces3 cp4 #b #bc4 adhuc etiam tum1 z ,livy xxi4 #dh ,scipio quamquam gravis adhuc vuln]e erat4 ,/rictly adhuc is applicable to :at cont9ues up to ! "t ( speak+3 "h ( cont9uance 9 pa/ "t4 ,introd4 p4 l4 op]atum3 cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 iii4 #db nobilissima ,galli>um subole lib]alibus /udiis ibi op]ata 7v4 #b73 reipublicae ,livy iv4 #fj1 #b3 conubiis arvisque novis op]ata iuv5tus ,v]g4 ,a54 iii4 #acf4 adductae4 ,s adduc]e frontem ,s54 ,b54 i4 #a3 cp4 attrah]e frontem #f1 #g3 cp4 contrah]e frontem ,cic4 pro ,clu5t4 #gb4 ,! opposite is frontem remitt]e3 ,pl9y1 ,ep4 ii4 #e1 #e4 ,cp4 sollicitam explicu]e frontem ,hor4 ,c>4 iii4 #bi1 #af4 ,obductus is us$ 9 a simil> s5se3 cp4 ,hor4 ,epod4 xiii4 #e obducta solvatur fronte s5ectus3 ,iuv4 ,sat4 ix4 #b qu>e 444 tri/is occurras fronte obducta4 ,,iii3#ad ,nec dissimulavit adulesc5s1 t]tium iam diem esse quod omni labore mat]iae ad scrib5dum de/9atae non inv5iret exordium2 quo sibi non praes5s tantum dolor1 s$ etiam desp]atio 9 po/]um fi]et4 ,tum ,florus adrid5s1 #8numquid tu1' inquit1 #8melius dic]e vis quam potes8' #ad4 ,t]tium diem 444 quod4 ,quod does n "h ex quo1 z x d5otes n po9t ( "t1 b duration3 9 ! direct x w\ld be quod non inv5io1 n quod 7ex quo7 non inv5i4 ,an exact analogy is ,plaut4 ,amphit4 i4 #a1 #adh 7#cjb7 iam diu '/ quod v5tri victum non datis 7:]e1 h[ev]1 ,fleckeis5 reads quom1 & is foll[$ by ,palm]74 ,! comm5tators quote ,pl9y1 ,ep4 iv4 #bg1 #a ,t]tius dies e/ quod audivi recitantem ,s5tium3 b !re quod ex quo1 j z ut is us$ = ex quo ,/i*4 #bi ,nam viri no/ri domo ut abi]unt hic t]tiu/ annus4 ,ngelsba* 7note on p4 #afg7 says ?is con/ruction ( ,qu9tilian's 0 imitat$ n only by ,pl9y 7l4c471 b by o!rs3 ,s*malz1 ,antib>b>us1 s4v4 e1 ex4 ,x might1 h[ev]1 be argu$ t we ought to read quum 7quomomni73 ,c4 ad ,fam4 xv4 #ad ,multi anni sunt cum ,m4 ,attius 9 meo a]e e/1 & (t5 else:]e1 e4g4 de ,(f4 ii4 #ge 7,roby #agbc74 ,if quod /&s x mu/ #8z reg>ds ! fact t he c\ld f9d no exordium1 x 0 n[ ! ?ird day'3 cp4 ! ,g]man #8es i/ s*on d] dritte ,tag dass1' c4 omni labore3 a modal ablative1 #89 spite ( e ef=t4' ,!re are two in/ances 9 ,cic]o ( a simil> use ( ! ablative1 ) ! g]undive3 pro ,mur4 #ag qui non modo ,curiis1 ,catonibus1 ,pompeiis1 antiquis illis =tissimis viris1 s$ 8 rec5tibus1 ,m>iis et ,didiis et ,caeliis1 commemor&is iacebant3 quamvis ,curios1 c41 commemor>5t3 de ,(f4 i4 #b #e quis e/ enim qui nullis (ficii praeceptis trad5dis philosophum se audeat dic]e8 quamvis non tradat4 mat]iae3 cp4 v4 #aj1 #i quo app>et omnem ad scrib5dum de/9atam mat]iam ita appell>i 7sc4 argum5tum73 #8a !me on :i* he _h to write4' ,!re seems no reason :y mat]iae %\ld n #adc be tak5 z g5itive1 ?\gh ,hild & o!rs make x dative ( ! remote object ( inv5iret4 ,,iii3#ae ,ita se res habet3 cur&um e/ ut quam optime dicamus1 dic5dum tam5 pro facultate2 ad pr(ectum enim opus e/ /udio1 non indignatione4 ,ut possimus autem scrib]e etiam plura et cel]ius1 #adc non ex]citatio modo prae/abit1 9 qua s9e dubio multum e/1 s$ etiam ratio3 si non resup9i spectantesque tectum et cogitationem murmure agitantes expectav]imus quid obv5iat1 s$ quid res poscat1 quid p]sonam deceat1 quod sit tempus1 qui iudicis animus intuiti1 humano quodam modo ad scrib5dum access]imus4 ,sic nobis et initia et quae sequuntur natura ipsa praescribit4 #ae4 s9e dubio4 ,?is sub/antival use ( ! neut] adj4 ) prep4 is frequ5t 9 ,cic]o1 b does n occur 9 ,caes> or ,sallu/4 ,ngelsb4 ,/il4 #ba3 cp4 ,introd4 p4 liii4 ratio1 #8judgm5t' 771 su* z rational human be+s may be expect$ to %[ 7cp4 humano quodam modo1 bel[74 ,9 ?is s5se ratio & consilium are (t5 f\nd toge!r4 ,a p>allel passage is ii4 #aa1 #d ,qu9 etiam 9 cogit&o nulla ratione adhibita aut tectum intu5tes magnum aliquid1 quod ultro se (f]at1 pluribus saepe diebus expectant1 aut murmure inc]to velut classico in/9cti concitatissimum corporis motum non enunti&is s$ qua]5dis v]bis accommodant4 resup9i 7#8) upturn$ face'7 goes closely ) spectantes tectum3 cp4 ,m>tial ix4 #dc1 #c ,quaeque tulit spectat resup9o sid]a vultu4 quod sit tempus4 xi4 #a1 #df ,tempus quoque ac locus eg5t obs]vatione propria2 nam et tempus tum tri/e tum laetum1 tum lib]um tum angu/um e/1 atque ad haec omnia compon5dus orator4 humano quodam modo1 #89 true human or rational fa%ion1' i4e4 )\t look+ = inspiration to--! ceil+6 ,cp4 in/9cti1 quot$ above1 & #g #ad deum tunc affuisse1 c4 ,= quidam see #aa4 ,,iii3#af ,c]ta sunt enim pl]aque et1 nisi coniveamus1 9 oculos incurrunt2 ideoque nec indocti nec ru/ici diu qua]unt1 unde incipiant2 quo pud5dum e/ magis1 si difficultatem facit doctr9a4 ,non ergo semp] putemus optimum esse quod latet3 immutescamus alioqui1 si nihil dic5dum videatur nisi quod non inv5imus4 #af4 c]ta1 fix$ & def9ite1 z belong+ necess>ily to ! subject1 & sugge/$ at once by ! ?\ght ( x4 ,pl]aque is n limit$ to initia1 ?\gh ! next s5t5ce is 7unde incipiant74 non 444 putemus3 v4 on #b #bg4 ,emphasis is secur$ bo? by ! use ( non = ne1 & by its place 9 ! s5t5ce4 immutescamus1 v r>e = obmutescamus1 ,/at4 ,!b4 v4 #edb ruptis immutuit ore qu]elis3 vi4 #ahd4 alioqui4 ,! condition impli$ 9 ! ^w is "h express$ 9 ! clause :i* foll[s3 cp4 #cj bel[4 ,introd4 p4 li4 ,,iii3#ag ,div]sum e/ huic eorum vitium qui primo decurr]e p] mat]iam /ilo quam velocissimo volunt1 et sequ5tes calorem atque impetum ex tempore scribunt2 hanc silvam vocant4 ,repetunt #add de9de et componunt quae effud]ant2 s$ v]ba em5dantur et num]i1 manet 9 rebus tem]e conge/is quae fuit levitas4 #ag4 div]sum ) ! dat4 7l contr>ium7 is common 9 ,qu9tilian & lat] writ]s3 ,cic]o has ab c4 abl4 ,cp4 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #ah1 #e ,e/ huic div]sum vitio vitium prope maius3 ,caes> ,b4,c4 iii4 #cj1 #b div]sa sibi consilia4 silvam4 ,?is ^w is "h us$ z a translation ( 1 prop]ly timb] = build+1 !n1 metaphorically1 raw mat]ial1 or z "h #8r\gh draft4' ,cic4 ,orat4 #ab omnis enim ub]tas et quasi silva dic5di ducta ab illis 7philosophis7 e/1 nec satis tam5 in/ructa ad =5ses causas3 #aci quasi silvam vides3 de ,or4 ii4 #fe inf9ita silva3 iii4 #ic r]um e/ silva magna3 #ajc primum silva r]um 7ac s5t5ti>um7 comp>&a e/3 #aah qui loco omnis virtutum et vitiorum e/ silva subiecta3 #ed ea e/ ei 7oratori7 subiecta mat]ies 7 73 de ,inv4 i4 #cd qu&am silvam atque mat]iam 444 omnium argum5tationum3 ,suet4 ,gram4 #bd ,reliquit non m$iocrem silvam obs]vationum s]monis antiqui 7,probus74 ,! philosophical def9ition ( 2 is giv5 9 ,isidorus1 ,orig4 xiii4 #c1 #a hyl5 77 #add ,graeci r]um quamdam primam mat]iam dicunt1 nullo prorsus modo =matam1 s$ omnium corporalium =m>um capacem1 ex qua visibilia haec elem5ta =mata sunt4 componunt1 ( #8arrangem5t'3 cp4 #a1 #dd1 #ff1 #gi4 levitas1 #8sup]ficiality1' want ( ?or\ghness & solidity3 opp4 to gravitas4 ,cp4 #g1 #d manet eadem quae fuit incipi5tibus difficultas4--,! improvem5t ext5ds only to ! v]ba & num]i1 n to ! sub/ance4 ,,iii3#ah ,prot9us ergo adhib]e curam rectius erit atque ab initio sic opus duc]e1 ut cael&um1 non ex integro fabric&um sit4 ,aliqu&o tam5 adfectus sequemur1 9 quibus f]e plus calor quam dilig5tia valet4 #ah4 prot9us /atim ab initio4 opus duc]e3 #e #i velut eadem c]a aliae aliaeque =mae duci sol5t3 ii4 #d1 #g si non ab initio t5uem nimium lam9am dux]imus et quam caelatura altior rumpat4 ,! same figure is us$ ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #dc-dd =te epos ac] ut nemo ,v>ius ducit4 ,s c>m5 duc]e ,ov4 ,tri/4 i4 #aa1 #ah3 iii4 #ad1 #cb3 ex ,pont4 i4 #e1 #g3 duc]e v]sus1 ,tri/4 v4 #ab1 #fc4 ,9 all ^! ! metaphor is orig9ally f draw+ out ! ?reads 9 sp9n+3 cp4 ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #bbe t5ui d$ucta poemata filo3 ,sat4 ii4 #a1 #c putat 444 mille die v]sus d$uci posse4 ,9 ref]5ce to /atu>y we h ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #bdj duc5t a]a =tis ,alex&ri vultum simulantia3 ,v]g4 ,a54 vi4 #hd1 #g vivos duc5t de m>more vultus4 cael&um1 #8*isell$1' #8fil$'3 ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #b1 #ib caelatumque novem ,musis opus4 sequemur3 s #a #eh rev]temur3 #g1 #a r5untiabit3 a common use ( ! future 9 rules4 ,w>m? ( feel+1 he says1 w (t5 comp5sate = want ( f9i%4 ,,iii3#ai ,satis app>et ex eo quod hanc scrib5tium negleg5tiam damno1 quid de illis dict&i deliciis s5tiam4 ,nam 9 /ilo quidem quamlibet prop]ato dat aliquam cogitationi moram non consequ5s cel]itatem eius manus3 ille cui dictamus urget1 #ade atque int]im pudet etiam dubit>e aut resi/]e aut mut>e quasi conscium infirmitatis no/rae tim5tes4 #ai4 illis dict&i deliciis3 i4e4 ! practice :i* is s mu* 9 fa%ion1 s mu* #8affect$'3 = deliciae 7#8affectation'7 cp4 #a #dc rec5s haec lascivia deliciaeque3 xii4 #h1 #d ne illas quidem tul]im delicias eorum qui1 c4 ,! phrase 9 deliciis esse alicui is common 9 ,cic]o3 cp4 also ,orat4 #ci longissime tam5 ipsi a talibus deliciis vel potius ineptiis afu]unt4 ,! practice ( dictation became s common t dict>e came to h ! same s5se z scrib]e 7#8compose'73 ,p]s4 i4 #eb non si qua eligidia crudi dict>unt proc]es8 ,lit]>y m5 _h ( c\rse always _! libr>ii2 & we get a glimpse ( a great advocate at "w 9 ,brutus #hg illum 444 omnibus exclusis comm5tatum 9 quadam te/ud9e cum s]vis litt]atis fuisse1 quorum alii aliud dict>e eodem tempore solitus esset4 ,pl9y1 ! eld]1 us$ to r$eem ! "t by dictat+ to a not>ius ev5 :5 on 8 travels3 s too 8 nephew 7:o tells ( 8 uncle's habits iii4 #e1 #ae71 not>ium voco et die admisso quae =mav]am dicto ix4 #cf1 #b3 illa quae dictavi id5tidem retractantur ibid4 #dj1 #b4 ,gesn] has an int]e/+ note3 8scilicet iam tum notabilis erat ea mollities1 ut circa scrib5di artem neglig5tiores ess5t hom9es 9 aliquo fa/igio con/ituti3 7vid4 i4 #a1 #bh7 quae po/ea ita invaluit ut dict>e iam esset eruditorum hom9um opus1 quem admodum antea scrib]e4 ,itaque v>io dict&i g5]e sup]gressum se alios dicit ,sidonius ,apoll94 #h1 #f et ab initio eiusdem epi/olae coniungit /udia c]t&i1 dict&i1 lectit&ique40 ,he quotes au?orities to %[ t1 ow+ to ! gr[? ( ! practice ( dictation1 ! lead+ m5 9 ,*>lemagne's "t1 z well z ! bi%ops1 & ,*>lemagne himself1 7 ignorant ( ! art ( writ+4 9 /ilo3 i4e4 :5 ! au?or himself uses x4 ,! quidem introduces an anti!sis 9 ille cui dictamus4 urget3 he #8presses1' :]eas ev5 #ade ^? au?ors :o c write fa/ take "t to /op & ?9k4 ,no d\bt ! mo/ practis$ amanu5sis w\ld fail to write z fa/ z a man c ?9k1 b ?is is n ass]t$4 ,all t is said 9 ! anti!sis is t ! amanu5sis is always ready = m1 z x 73 8 :ole int]e/ is 9 ! writ+1 n 9 ! ?\ght4 ,"o ev5 7etiam7 feels a%am$ at times 79 addition to be+ m]ely consci\s ( ! fact t ! scribe's p5 is n busy7 ( "o's hesitancy1 c4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 resi/]e3 v4 on #aj4 ,,iii3#bj ,quo fit ut non rudia tantum et =tuita1 s$ impropria int]im1 dum sola e/ conect5di s]monis cupiditas1 effluant1 quae nec scrib5tium curam nec dic5tium impetum consequantur4 ,at idem ille qui excipit1 si t>dior 9 scrib5do aut inc]tior 9 intelleg5do velut (f5sator fuit1 inhibetur cursus1 atque omnis quae erat concepta m5tis int5tio mora et int]dum iracundia excutitur4 #bj4 impropria quae significatione de]rant4 ,cp4 i4 #e1 #df dubito an id improprium potius appellem2 significatione enim de]rat4 ,on v]ba propria see #a #f4 consequantur3 i4e4 su* utt]ances d n come up ei!r to ! c>e ) :i* "o writes or ! animation ) :i* "o speaks4 at idem ille introduces ! second objection to dictation3 #ba supplies a ?ird & #bb a f\r?4 inc]tior 9 intelleg5do1 i4e4 n to be dep5d$ ^u to und]/& :at is dictat$ to him4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,aga9/ leg5do x mu/ be urg$ t ! ref]5ce to read+ is n v appropriate3 ! au?or w\ld n be likely to call on ! scribe to read :at he _h writt51 except at an appropriate pause1 o!rwise he w\ld himself be to blame = ! int]ruption to ! #8sw+' 7cursus7 ( 8 ?\ghts4 (f5sator1 a 1 :5ce ! use ( velut4 ,x is employ$ "h ( "o ^: sl[ness or muddle-head$ness is always br++ ! au?or to a /&/ill4 ,cp4 (f5santes #g #aj4 quae erat3 cp4 #ag quae fuit levitas4 concepta m5tis int5tio1 i4e4 ! ?read ( ideas4 ,concip]e is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ,qu9tilian3 #g #ad3 xi4 #c1 #be3 ix4 i1 #af3 ii4 #bj1 #d3 vi4 #b1 #cc1 c4 ,= ! g54 cp4 animi int5tio i4 #a1 #cd4 ,! read+ conceptae m5tis 7see ,crit4 ,notes7 is support$ by i4 #b1 #bi praeceptores ipsos non idem m5tis ac spiritus 9 dic5do posse concip]e3 ! g5itive w\ld !n be objective1 z #bc bel[3 p]haps #8att5tion to ! conceiv$ ?\ght4' excutitur3 ,ari/oph4 ,cl\ds #ach 4 ,,iii3#ba ,tum illa1 quae altiorem animi motum sequuntur quaeque ipsa animum quodam modo concitant1 quorum e/ iact>e manum1 torqu]e vultum1 frontem et latus int]im obiurg>e1 quaeque ,p]sius #adf notat1 cum levit] dic5di g5us significat1 #8nec pluteum1' inquit1 #8ca$it nec demorsos sapit ungues1' etiam ridicula sunt1 nisi cum soli sumus4 #ba4 quaeque ipsa3 i4e4 p] se3 s #bc bel[1 quae ipsa delectant4 frontem et latus 444 obiurg>e4 ,i v5ture to ins]t ?is conjecture 9 ! text1 z ju/ifi$ bo? by ! ,,mss4 tradition 7see ,crit4 ,notes7 & by ! context4 ,qu9tilian is speak+ n ( ! ge/ures by :i* animation is imp>t$ to an actual ef=t ( oratory1 b ( su* little mann]isms z ! m5 ( 8 day indulg$ 9 :5 9 ! ?roes ( solit>y composition1--j z !y bite quill p5s to pieces or scrat* _! heads n[4 ,= frontem obiurg>e cp4 ,brut4 #bgh nulla p]turbatio animi nulla corporis1 frons non p]cussa1 non femur1 quot$ xi4 #c1 #abc3 femur pectus frontem ca$]e ii4 #ab1 #aj3 ut frontem f]ias ,cic4 ad ,att4 i4 #a1 #a1 ?\gh ?is la/ passage implies a m vexati\s /ate ( di/raction4 obiurg>e1 i4e4 ca$]e1 f]ire1 plect]e4 ,g]tz object$ to latus obiurg>e on ! gr\nd t obiurg>e by itself c\ld n mean to #8/rike4' ,we h ablatives 9 ,p]s4v4 #afi solea pu] obiurgab]e rubra3 ,s54 de ,ira iii4 #ab1 #f s]vulum i/um v]b]ibus obiurga3 ,suet4 ,calig4 #bj f]ulis obiurg>i3 id4 ,o?o #b flagris3 ,petronius #cd colaphis4 ,b 9 all ^! #adf ! abl4 is ne$$ to def9e ! mean+ ( obiurg>e1 :ile no "o c\ld mi/ake latus obiurg>e4 levit] dic5di g5us3 cp4 #ag levitas4 ,! ref]5ce is to li/lessness & c>elessness ( /yle1 #8n ! k9d t beats ! desk or sav\rs ( ! bitt5 nail1'--)\t e>ne/ness or feel+4 nec pluteum ca$it4 ,! pluteus or pluteum is ! back bo>d ( ! #8lecticula lucubratoria' 9 :i* writ+ 0 done 9 a recumb5t position4 ,! quotation is f ,sat4 i4 #ajf1 :]e ,p]sius pictures a drivell+ v]sifi]1 li/lessly p\r+ =? 8 v]ses )\t any physical ex]tion or trace ( feel+4 demorsos sapit ungues3 imitat$ f ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #gj1 speak+ ( :at ,lucilius w\ld d if he liv$ n[3 9 v]su faci5do ,saepe caput scab]et1 vivos et rod]et ungues4 nisi cum soli sumus4 ,?is ref]s to practice only4 ,a diff]5t po9t ( view is /at$ 9 i4 ii4 #ca1 :]e ,qu9tilian sums up 9 ^! words1 ,non esset 9 rebus humanis eloqu5tia1 si tantum cum s+ulis loqu]emur4 ,,iii3#bb ,d5ique ut semel quod e/ pot5tissimum dicam1 secretum 9 dict&o p]it4 ,atque lib]um arbitris locum et quam altissimum sil5tium scrib5tibus maxime conv5ire nemo dubitav]it3 non tam5 prot9us audi5di qui cr$unt aptissima 9 hoc nemora silvasque1 quod illa caeli lib]tas locorumque amo5itas sublimem animum et beatiorem spiritum p>5t4 #bb4 ut semel 444 dicam3 #a #ag4 secretum 9 dict&o4 ,?is is ! f\r? objection4 ,cp4 #g #af cum /ilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros re=midet4 ,hirt 7,sub/antivi]ung des ,adj4 bei ,qu9t4--,b]l91 #ahij7 notes t ?is use ( ! nom4 neut4 /&+ by itself is n s common z o!r cases3 he cites ab\t a doz5 in/ances1 e4g4 iv4 #a1 #da hone/um satis p] se valet3 v4 #aa1 #ac dissimile plures casus habet3 vi4 #c1 #hd inop9atum et a lacess5te poni solet4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 prot9us3 see on #a #c1 #db4 aptissima 9 hoc4 ,a poetical con/r43 only "h 9 ,qu9tilian1 in/ead ( dat4 or ad4 ,livy xxviii4 #ca g5]e pugnae 9 quod m9ime apti sunt3 ,ovid ,metam4 xiv4 #gfe =mas deus aptus 9 omnes4 nemora silvasque4 ,qu9tilian is speak+ ( oratory3 poetry on ! o!r h& may fitly seek its inspiration 9 solitude4 ,tac4 ,dial4 ix4 poetis 444 9 nemora et lucos id e/ 9 solitud9em rec$5dum e/3 cp4 xii nemora v]o et luci et secretum ipsum1 c4 ,! poet's love ( retirem5t & ! necessity = 8 be+ exempt$ f ! fe>s & anxieties ( ! vulg> is 9 fact a commonplace 9 ,lat9 lit]ature3 ,horace1 ,c>4 i4 #a1 #cj3 #cb1 #a3 iv4 #c1 #aj sq43 ,ep4 ii4 #b1 #gg3 ,a4 ,p4 #bih3 ,ovid1 ,tri/ia i4 #a1 #da ,c>m9a secessum scrib5tis et otia qua]unt1 cp4 v4 #ab1 #c3 ,iuv4 vii4 #eh3 ,pl9y ix4 #aj #b 7to ,tacitus7 poemata quiescunt1 quae tu int] nemora et lucos commodissime p]fici putas3 s = /udy ( all k9ds i4 #f1 #b2 cp4 ix4 #cf1 #f4 beatiorem spiritum3 i4 #bg1 #dd 7spiritus3 cp4 #e #d sublimis spiritus73 & i4 #fa1 #aji 7beatus74 ,cp4 dives v5a 9 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #dji4 ,,iii3#bc ,mihi c]te iucundus hic magis quam /udiorum hortator videtur esse secessus4 ,namque illa1 quae ipsa delectant1 necesse e/ avoc5t ab int5tione op]is de/9ati4 ,neque enim se bona fide #adg 9 multa simul int5d]e animus totum pote/1 et quocumque respexit1 des9it intu]i quod propositum erat4 #bc4 hortator3 cp4 ,liv4 xxvii4 #ah1 #ad fo$]um ruptor dux et populus3 ,cic4 pro ,mil4 #ej ipse ille latronum occultator et receptor locus4 ,introd4 p4 xlv4 quae ipsa3 #ba above4 ,cic4 ,tusc4 ,disp4 v4 #ba1 #fb iam ipsae defluebant coronae4 bona fide1 #8e>ne/ly & consci5ti\sly'3 ut non fallat 7sc4 animus7 s$ (ficiis suis probe sufficiat 7,wolff74 ,! phrase is borr[$ f ! language ( ! law-c\rts1 :]e x 0 appli$ to judicial aw>ds made n accord+ to any positive enactm5t b 9 equity4 ,cic]o1 de ,(f4 iii4 #fa et s9e lege iudiciis1 #adg 9 quibus additur ex fide bona4 ,see ,hold5's note ad loc4 ,,iii3#bd ,qu>e silv>um amo5itas et praet]lab5tia flum9a et inspirantes ramis arborum aurae volucrumque cantus et ipsa late circumspici5di lib]tas ad se trahunt1 ut mihi remitt]e potius voluptas i/a videatur cogitationem quam int5d]e4 #bd4 late circumspici5di4 ,wlffl9 ?9ks t ,qu9tilian design$ly avoid$ su* allit]ations z #8longe lateque circumspic]e'3 cp4 ,sall4 ,iug4 #e1 ,tac4 ,hi/4 iv4 #ej4 ,9 viii4 #c1 #fe he has #8vultum et oculos' in/ead ( #8ora et oculos'3 & #8satis' by itself1 or #8satis abunde1' in/ead ( #8satis sup]que4' remitt]e 444 int5d]e3 ! figure is d]iv$ f ! use ( ! b[4 ,,iii3#be ,demo/h5es melius1 qui se 9 locum ex quo nulla exaudiri vox et ex quo nihil prospici posset recondebat1 ne aliud ag]e m5tem cog]5t oculi4 ,ideoque lucubrantes sil5tium noctis et clausum cubiculum et lum5 unum velut tectos maxime t5eat4 #be4 ,demo/h5es3 ,plut4 ,dem4 #g 4 cog]5t3 = a simil> modifi$ use ( cog]e cp4 ,corn4 ,nep4 ,milt4 #g1 #a3 ,suet4 ,domit4 #aa4 lum5 = luc]na3 ,cic4 de ,div94 #a #cf lum9e adposito4 velut tectos1 #8z if "u cov]'3 sc4 ad omnia quae oculis vel auribus incursant4 ,?is is said to be "o ( ,qu9tilian's milit>y metaphors1 :5ce ! use ( velut4 ,be*] 7,philol4 xliii4 #bjc sq47 comp>es de ,orat4 i4 #h1 #cb quid autem tam necess>ium quam t5]e semp] arma quibus vel tectus ipse esse possis vel provoc>e improbos vel te ulcisci lacessitus8 & ,orelli on pro ,deiot4 #f1 #af3 7quis consid]atior illo8 quis tectior8 quis prud5tior87 #8e/ metaphora petita a gladiatoribus qui1 uti deb5t1 contra ictus adv]s>iorum se tegunt4' ,"h ! #8weapons ( def5ce' are ?ree3 #8sil5tium noctis1' #8clausum cubiculum1' & #8lum5 unum' 7i4e4 nobis solum appositum74 ,! opposite ( tectus 9 ?is s5se is ap]tus3 e4g4 latus ap]tum ,tac4 ,hi/4 ii4 #ba ap]ti incautique muros subi]e1 #8( a =ce :i* has no adequate def5sive means at its disposal = conduct+ a siege' 7,spoon]74 ,= ! ?\ght ,krg] 7#crd ed47 comp>es ,pl94 ,ep4 x4 #cf clausae f5e/rae man5t4 ,mire enim sil5tio et t5ebris animus alitur4 ,ab iis quae avocant abductus et lib] et mihi relictus non oculos animo s$ animum oculis sequor1 qui eadem quae m5s vid5t1 quoties non adsunt alia4--,see ,crit4 ,notes4 maxime potissimum1 & leads up to #bh ut sunt maxime opt&a4 ,cp4 3 ,plat4 ,rep4 #cbf ,a 1 4 t5eat1 pot5tial3 #8if we "w at night1 ! sil5ce1 c4 w secure u f int]ruption4' ,b ,krg] 7#bnd ed471 look+ to lucubrantes 7:i* is emphatic71 expla9s ita lucubremus ut 444 t5eat1 & ,wrobel makes x an imp]ative1 #8let u "w by night1 & "u su* conditions1 ) su* precautions t1' c4 ,,iii3#bf ,s$ cum 9 omni /udiorum g5]e1 tum 9 hoc praecipue bona valetudo1 quaeque eam maxime prae/at1 frugalitas necess>ia e/1 cum tempora ab ipsa #adh r]um natura ad quietem refectionemque nobis data 9 ac]rimum laborem conv]timus4 ,cui tam5 non plus inrog&um e/ quam quod somno sup]]it1 haud de]it2 #bf4 9 hoc1 i4e4 = night "w 7 9 hoc /udiorum g5]e2 viz4 cum lucubramus74 frugalitas3 regul>ity ( life1 9 a wide s5se 7z mod]atio1 temp]antia1 73 cp4 xii4 #a1 #h ,age non ad p]f]5dos /udiorum labores necess>ia frugalitas8 quid ergo ex libid9e ac luxuria spei8 ,cic4 pro ,deiot4 ix4 #bf4 cum 444 conv]timus3 ! temporal signification ( cum c4 ind4 passes "h into ! causal4 ,cp4 i4 #f1 #b auctoritas ab oratoribus vel hi/oricis peti solet 444 cum summorum 9 eloqu5tia virorum iudicium pro ratione1 et vel error hone/us e/ magnos duces sequ5tibus4--,be*] on ! o!r h& 7foll[$ by ,krg] #crd ed47 insi/s t ! use is "h exclusively temporal1 & t ! clause is m]ely a developm5t ( #8cum lucubramus1'-- #adh ! idea conta9$ 9 ! =ego+ 9 hoc 7sc4 /ud4 g5]e74 cui3 sc4 labori scrib5di4 inrog&um imp5d5dum1 tribu5dum4 sup]]it 444 de]it4 ,tr4 #8only s mu* z w\ld be sup]flu\s = sleep1 n insuffici5t4' ,! mean+ is cle>3 we mu/ n encroa* on ! "t necess>y = ! repose ( m9d & body1--#8n m ?an :at is n ne$$ = sleep1 & :at w n be miss$4' ,= :at may seem a sup]flu\s addition cp4 #a #aae si quid adiecturus sibi non si quid detracturus fuit3 ,v]g4 ,a54 ix4 #bhb #8tantum =tuna secunda ,haud adv]sa cadat4' ,! juxtaposition ( comp\nds ( esse is v common3 esp4 sup]esse1 deesse4 ,as94 ,pollio1 ad ,fam4 x4 #cc1 #e3 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 xiii4 #fc1 #b3 ,cic4 9 ,gellius i4 #bb1 #g3 ,val4 ,max4 viii4 #g1 #b3 ,suet4 ,aug4 #ef 7,s*malz74 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,,iii3#bg ob/at enim dilig5tiae scrib5di etiam fatigatio1 et abunde1 si vacet1 lucis spatia sufficiunt2 occupatos 9 noctem necessitas agit4 ,e/ tam5 lucubratio1 quoti5s ad eam integri ac refecti v5imus1 optimum secreti g5us4 #bg4 si vacet 444 occupatos4 ,! anti!sis %\ld be not$3 ! days are long en\gh :5 "o has no?+ else to d3 x is ! busy man :o is driv5 to encroa* on ! night4 ,,iii3#bh ,s$ sil5tium et secessus et undique lib] animus ut sunt maxime opt&a1 ita non semp] possunt cont+]e2 ideoque non /atim1 si quid ob/repet1 abici5di codices erunt et deplor&us dies1 v]um incommodis repugn&um et hic faci5dus usus1 ut omnia quae imp$i5t v9cat int5tio2 quam si tota m5te 9 opus ipsum d]ex]is1 nihil eorum quae oculis vel auribus incursant ad animum p]v5iet4 #bh4 codices3 writ+-books or tablets1 z #cb4 faci5dus usus4 ,cp4 ut scrib5di fiat usus 9 #b #b3 & #c bel[ vires faciamus3 #f #c faci5da multo /ilo =ma e/4 d]ex]is3 see on #b #a4 ,s xii4 #c1 #h3 ii4 #ac1 #e3 ii4 #a1 #aa4 ,on ! o!r h& 9 x4 #a #abg & v4 #g1 #f ,halm & ,mei/] pr9t dirig]e4 incursant3 /rong] ?an #af 9 oculos incurrunt4 ,! con/r4 ) ! dative is poetical 7,ovid1 ,metam4 i4 #cjc1 xiv4 #aij74 ,,iii3#bi ,an v]o frequ5t] etiam =tuita hoc cogitatio prae/at1 ut obvios non videamus et it9]e de]remus3 non consequemur idem1 si et volu]imus8 ,non e/ indulg5dum causis desidiae4 ,nam si non nisi refecti1 non nisi hil>es1 non nisi omnibus aliis curis vacantes /ud5dum exi/im>imus1 semp] erit propt] quod nobis ignoscamus4 #bi4 ,an v]o 444 non consequemur4 ,= ?is =m ( ! argum5tum a m9ore ad maius cp4 #b #e4 ,cic4 pro ,rab4 #e ,an v]o s]vos no/ros 444 dom9orum b5ignitas 444 lib]abit hos a v]b]ibus 444 no/ri honores 7non7 v9dicabunt8 de]remus ) simple abl4 is po/-classical4 idem1 i4e4 ! same ab/raction4 si et volu]imus3 #8by an ef=t ( w1' opp4 to =tuita cogitatio4 non nisi3 see on #a #bj4 ,,iii3#cj ,qu>e 9 turba1 it9]e1 conviviis etiam faciat sibi cogitatio ipsa #adi secretum4 ,quid alioqui fiet1 cum 9 m$io =o1 tot circum/antibus iudiciis1 iurgiis1 =tuitis etiam clamoribus1 erit subito cont9ua oratione dic5dum1 si p>ticulas quas c]is m&amus nisi 9 solitud9e rep]ire non possumus8 ,propt] quae idem ille tantus amator secreti ,demo/h5es 9 litore1 9 quo se maximo cum sono fluctus inlid]et1 m$itans consuescebat contionum fremitus non expavesc]e4 #cj4 it9]e3 ,s54 ,ep4 #gb #b qua$am enim sunt quae possis et 9 cisio scrib]e3 ,pl94 ,ep4 iv4 #ad #b accipies cum hac epi/ula h5decasyllabos no/ros1 quibus nos 9 vehiculo1 9 bal9eo1 int] #adi c5am oblectamus otium temporis4 ,pl9y ev5 took ) him to ! *ase 8 pugill>es1 t he might note d[n any pass+ ?\ght3 i4 #f1 #a3 ix4 #aj1 #b4 ,he _h le>nt ! lesson f 8 uncle1 :o made use ( 8 "t at d9n]1 9 ! ba?1 on a j\rney3 see ! description 8 nephew gives ( 8 habits ,ep4 iii4 #e #aj1 #aa1 #ad-af4 ,cato ! ,y\ng] us$ to read :ile ! ,s5ate 0 assembl+3 ,cic4 de ,f94 iii4 #b #g4 alioqui3 see on #af4 ,cp4 #g & ,introd4 p4 li4 tot circum/antibus iudiciis4 ,f\r c\rts 7 commonly held 9 "o & ! same basilica4 ,cp4 xii4 #e1 #f cum 9 basilica ,iulia dic]et primo tribunali 7,tra*alus #a #aai7 quatuor autem iudicia1 ut moris e/1 cog]5tur1 atque omnia clamoribus frem]5t1 et auditum eum et intellectum et1 quod ag5tibus cet]is contumeliosissimum fuit1 laudatum quoque ex quatuor tribunalibus mem9i3 ,pl94 ,ep4 i4 #ah1 #c eram acturus 444 9 quadruplici iudicio3 iv4 #bd1 #a3 vi4 #cc1 #b4 p>ticulas3 ! #8jott+s' :i* we ought to be able to make ev5 9 spite ( surr\nd+ confusion1 if we are to be effective :5 call$ on to speak ex tempore4 c]is3 us$ especially = r\gh notes4 ,iuv4 i4 #fc3 xiv4 #aia4 ,^! tablets 7 8made ( ?9 slabs or leaves ( wood1 coat$ ) wax1 & hav+ a rais$ m>g9 all r\nd to pres]ve ! cont5ts f friction4 ,!y 7 made ( diff]5t sizes & v>i$ 9 ! numb] ( _! leaves1 :5ce ! ^w1 9 ?is s5se1 is appli$ 9 ! plural0 7,ri*74 9 litore3 ,frots*] quotes ,lib4 ,vit4 ,demo/h4 1 1 1 3 ,plut4 ,vit4 ,x ,orat4 #h1 p4 #hdd ,e 1 1 3 ,cic4 de ,f94 v4 #b1 #e ,noli inquit1 ex me qua]]e1 qui 9 ,phal]icum etiam desc5d]im1 quo 9 loco ad fluctum aiunt declam>e solitum ,demo/h5em1 ut fremitum assuesc]et voce v9c]e3 ,val4 ,max4 viii4 #g1 ext4 #a4 m$itans1 #8practis+'3 cp4 de ,orat4 i4 #bfj 7,demo/h5es7 p]fecit m$it&o ut nemo planius esse locutus put>etur3 #acf3 ,brutus #cjb nullum patiebatur esse diem 7,hort5sius7 qu9 aut 9 =o dic]et aut m$it>etur extra =um3 ,qu9t4 ii4 #aj1 #b3 iv4 #b1 #bi4 expavesc]e4 ,?is corresponds ) ! motive attribut$ to ,demo/h5es by ,plut>* & ,libanius1 z quot$ above2 ,cic]o's explanation 7ut fremitum assuesc]et voce v9c]e7 is p]haps ! m cr$ible4 ,,iii3#ca ,illa quoque m9ora 7s$ nihil 9 /udiis p>vum e/7 non sunt transeunda3 scribi optime c]is1 9 quibus facillima e/ ratio del5di1 nisi =te visus infirmior membran>um potius usum #aej exiget1 quae ut iuvant aciem1 ita crebra relatione1 quoad int+untur calami1 morantur manum et cogitationis impetum frangunt4 #ca4 optime3 #cc3 #a #gb 7prave73 #a #aje 7=tit]71 :]e see note3 #e #ac 7rect5e & hone/5e74 ,be*] says #8optime giebt e9 ,urteil b] die ,h&lung an1 drckt ni*t die ,art und ,weise aus'3 h5ce x optimum esse4 scribi c]is3 = ! omission ( 9 cp4 xi4 #b1 #cb illud nem9em non iuvabit iisdem quibus scrips]it c]is edisc]e4 ,9 viii4 #f1 #fd ,mei/] reads 9 c]is4 ratio del5di3 see on #b #c3 #8erasure1' ! #8art ( blott+4' ,a simil> p]iphrasis is ratio colloc&i #e4 ,= ! purpose ( erasure ! rev]se end ( ! /ilus 0 flat4 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #gb saepe /ilum v]tas 7cp4 #d #a73 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #if luxuries qua$am quae /ilo depasc5da e/4 ,) p>*m5t ! me?od ( erasure 0 ( c\rse diff]5t3 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #ddf incomptis adl9et atrum transv]so calamo signum4 nisi =te is n ironical "h1 z 9 #a #gj3 #b #h3 #e #f-g4 #aej membran>um4 ,p>*m5t 0 m exp5sive ?an ! tablets 7c]ae71 ?\gh probably *eap] n[ ?an x _h be5 previ\sly4 ,x c\ld be us$ = r\gh notes1 ! writ+ be+ eras$ to make room = fre% matt]1--#8palimpse/4' ,ev5 :5 a publi%$ book consi/$ ( papyrus pap] 7*>ta71 p>*m5t 0 (t5 us$ = ! wrapp]4 ,x 0 call$ membrana p]gam5a because ! indu/ry receiv$ its developm5t "u ! k+s ( ,p]gamum4 exiget3 = ! indic4 cp4 v4 #b1 #b refelluntur autem 7praeiudicia7 r>o p] contumeliam iudicum1 nisi =te manife/a 9 iis culpa erit4 ,! comm5tators quote ,sall4 ,iug4 xiv4 #aj1 b !re ! subj4 is really consecutive4 relatione is "h us$ 9 ! etymological s5se ( #8c>ry+ ! p5 back1' or #8to & fro' 9 supply+ x ) ink4 ,no o!r example c be quot$ 9 :i* ?is s5se 7 r$uctio7 occurs4 ,kid]l9 7l4c47 ?9ks t ! idea ( #8rais+' ! h& w\ld be m appropriate to ! context ?an t ( #8draw+ x back'3 he proposes !re=e to read #8crebriore elatione4' ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 int+untur1 i4e4 9 ! ink 7atram5tum71 :i* 0 g5]ally an artificial comp\nd1 sometimes ! natural juice ( ! cuttle-fi%4 ,,iii3#cb ,rel9qu5dae autem 9 utrolibet g5]e contra erunt vacuae tabellae1 9 quibus lib]a adici5do sit excursio4 ,nam int]im pigritiam em5d&i angu/iae faciunt1 aut c]te novorum int]positione priora confundant4 ,ne latas quidem ultra modum esse c]as velim1 exp]tus iuv5em /udiosum alioqui praelongos habuisse s]mones1 quia illos num]o v]suum metiebatur1 idque vitium1 quod frequ5ti admonitione corrigi non potu]at1 mutatis codicibus esse sublatum4 #cb4 contra ex adv]so4 ,space mu/ be left = corrections & additions opposite to :at has be5 writt53 !re mu/ be blank pages4 ,cp4 contra #a #aad4 adici5do1 #8= mak+ additions1' comes "u ! head ( ! #8dative = "w contemplat$' ,roby #aaef & #achc4 ,s ,tacitus con/antly uses ! dative ( g]und or g]undive 9 a f9al s5se aft] v]bs & adjectives4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 aut c]te1 ) no previ\s aut3 cp4 ix4 #b1 #id3 #c1 #fj4 ,= novorum cp4 subitis #g #cj1 & see ,introd4 p4 xlvii4 confundant3 pot5tial4 ,x /ates a possibility3 faciunt a fact4 exp]tus ) acc4 & inf4 is r>e4 /udiosum3 #a #de4 alioqui3 see ,introd4 p4 li4 v]suum3 #a #ch4 ,,iii3#cc ,debet vac>e etiam locus 9 quo not5tur quae scrib5tibus sol5t extra ord9em1 id e/ ex aliis quam qui sunt 9 manibus loci1 occurr]e4 ,inrumpunt enim optimi nonnumquam s5sus1 quos neque ins]]e oportet neque diff]re tutum e/1 quia int]im elabuntur1 int]im memoriae sui #aea int5tos ab alia inv5tione decl9ant ideoque optime sunt 9 deposito4 #cc4 locus 444 loci4 ,!re is some?+ ( ,qu9tilian's n infrequ5t neglig5ce ( /yle 9 ! repetition ( ! ^w1 especially z by locus he means only #8room1' :ile loci are ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! composition4 not5tur1 #8jot d[n4' inrumpunt1 #8break 9 ^u u1' ) a =ce t is h>d to resi/ 7cp4 memoriam sui int5tos bel[74 s5sus3 #8ideas'3 viii4 #e1 #b s5t5tiam vet]es quod animo s5siss5t vocav]unt 444 s$ consuetudo iam t5uit ut m5te concepta s5sus voc>emus1 lum9a autem praecipueque 9 clausulis posita s5t5tias3 #e #e3 #g #f4 int]im 444 int]im3 frequ5t 9 ,qu9tilian 7see ,introduction p4 li47 = nunc 444 nunc1 modo 444 modo4 optime sunt3 #ca optimum e/ eos esse4 #aea inv5tione3 #8l9e ( ?\ght4' 9 deposito3 #89 /ore1' #89 a place ( safety1' i4e4 not$ d[n3 see ,introd4 p4 xlvii4 ,! phrase is borr[$ f law3 vii4 #b1 #ea depositi quae/iones1 ,p&ects1 xxxvi4 #c1 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,revision4 ,de ,em5datione4 ,,iv3#a ,,iv4 ,sequitur em5datio1 p>s /udiorum longe utilissima2 neque enim s9e causa cr$itum e/ /ilum non m9us ag]e1 cum delet4 ,huius autem op]is e/ adic]e1 detrah]e1 mut>e4 ,s$ facilius 9 iis simpliciusque iudicium quae repl5da vel deici5da sunt2 prem]e v]o tum5tia1 humilia extoll]e1 luxuriantia ad/r+]e1 inord9ata dig]]e1 soluta compon]e1 exultantia co]c]e duplicis op]ae2 nam et damn&a sunt quae placu]ant et inv5i5da quae fug]ant4 #a4 cr$itum e/3 #a #dh4 ,! p]fect indicates t ! op9ion 0 adopt$ & is /ill ma9ta9$4 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #b1 #e cur ita cr$id]im 7 cr$am73 cp4 cr$idi #b #bj above4 non m9us1 sc4 quam cum scribit4 ,hild sees a simil> ellipse 9 #a #cj potius hab5ti p]iculosus1 sc4 quam utilis4 ,b see note ad loc4 repl5da 444 deici5da correspond to adic]e 444 detrah]e4 ,?is use is sugge/$ by ! idea ( levell+4 ,cp4 ,dige/ xlii4 #a1 #d lege repletur quod s5t5tiae dee/3 ,ovid1 ,h]4 x4 #cg quod voci de]at plangore replebam4 prem]e1 #8prune'3 v4 on pressus #a #dd1 #df3 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #aj1 #fi ,det]]et sibi multa1 recid]et omne quod ultra ,p]fectum trah]etur4 luxuriantia1 #8exub]ance'3 ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #b1 #abb luxuriantia compescet1 :]e ,wilk9s cites ?is passage1 also de ,orat4 ii4 #if luxuries qua$am quae /ilo depasc5da e/1 i4e4 mu/ be kept d[n by ! practice ( writ+4 inord9ata3 ( expression1 viii4 #b1 #bc nam si 444 neque plura neque inord9ata aut indi/9cta dix]imus1 erunt dilucida et negleg5t] quoque audi5tibus ap]ta3 ix4 #d1 #bg felicissimus tam5 s]mo e/ cui et rectos ordo et apta iunctura et cum 8 num]us opportune cad5s contigit4 soluta compon]e num]is ad/r+]e v]ba3 #8r$uc+ to metre :at is unrhy?mical4' ,cp4 c>m5 solutum #a #ca4 ,= compon]e1 see on #a #dd4 exultantia3 cp4 #b #ae1 :]e ! opposition ( compositi & exultantes %[s t ! latt] d5otes ! extreme1--! excess ( t ( :i* solutus is ! defect4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,orat4 #aie4 ,! ?ree t]ms might be arrang$ 9 a s]ies3 soluta1 composita1 exultantia1--! la/ d5ot+ #8comb9ations ( words produc+ an undignifi$1 skipp+1 or danc+ movem5t' 7,frieze74 ,,iv3#b ,nec dubium e/ optimum esse em5d&i g5us1 si scripta 9 aliquod tempus reponantur1 ut ad ea po/ int]vallum velut nova atque ali5a r$eamus1 ne nobis scripta no/ra tamquam rec5tes fetus bl&iantur4 #b4 em5d&i g5us4 ,l vis & ratio 7see on #a #a71 g5us is us$ ) ! g]und to supply ! place ( a n\n 7"h em5datio73 cp4 ix4 #c1 #ce e/ et illud repet5di g5us 7#8?is too is repetition'73 ,cic4 pro ,rab4 ,po/4 neque solum hoc g5us pecuniae capi5dae turpe s$ etiam nef>ium esse arbitrabatur3 & ev5 ) ! p]f4 "p4 pass4 9 ,v]r4 ii4 #ada non mihi praet]mitt5dum videtur ne illud quidem g5us pecuniae conciliatae3 ,ngelsba*1 p4 #acj4 9 aliquod tempus4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #chh nonumque prematur 9 annum3 advice to :i* ,qu9tilian alludes 9 8 d$icatory lett] to ,tryphon1 dabam iis otium ut refrig]ato inv5tionis amore dilig5t] repetitos tamquam lector p]p5d]em4 rec5tes fetus3 #a #af nova illa velut #aeb nasc5tia3 #c #g omnia no/ra dum nascuntur plac5t4 ,,iv3#c ,s$ #aeb neque hoc cont+]e semp] pote/ praes]tim oratori1 cui saepius scrib]e ad praes5tes usus necesse e/1 et ipsa em5datio f9em habet4 ,sunt enim qui ad omnia scripta tamquam vitiosa r$eant et1 quasi nihil fas sit rectum esse quod primum e/1 melius exi/im5t quidquid e/ aliud1 idque faciant quoti5s librum 9 manus resumps]unt1 similes m$icis etiam integra secantibus4 ,accidit itaque ut cicatricosa s9t et exsanguia et cura peiora4 #c4 f9em habet3 !re mu/ be a limit4 ,cp4 #d4 sunt enim3 ! incr$uli ( #c #aa3 quibus nihil sit satis1 c4 m$icis4 ,?is is n flatt]+ to ! pr(ession 9 ,qu9tilian's day3 he may h ow$ ! doctors a grudge4 ,dion4 ,hal4 ad ,cn4 ,pomp4 vi4 7p4 #ghe ,r47 has a simil> figure4 accidit itaque4 ,livy sometimes has itaque 9 ! second place1 ,cic]o nev]4 cicatricosa1 #8cov]$ ) sutures'3 #8pat*work4' exsanguia3 cp4 #a #aae1 :]e he says ( ,calvus #8nimia contra se calumnia v]um sangu9em p]didisse4' cura peiora3 cp4 ,pl94 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxxv4 #aj noc]e saepe nimiam dilig5tiam3 ,pl94 ,ep4 ix4 #ce1 #b nimia cura det]it magis quam em5dat4 ,,iv3#d ,sit ergo aliqu&o quod placeat aut c]te quod sufficiat1 ut opus poliat lima1 non ext]at4 ,temporis quoque esse debet modus4 ,nam quod ,c9nae ,smyrnam novem annis accepimus scriptam1 et ,panegyricum ,isocratis1 qui p>cissime1 decem annis dicunt elaboratum1 ad oratorem nihil p]t9et1 cuius nullum erit1 si tam t>dum fu]it1 auxilium4 #d4 lima3 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #bia limae labor et mora3 ,pl94 ,ep4 v4 #aj1 #c p]fectum opus absolutumque e/1 nec iam spl5descit lima s$ att]itur4 nam3 cp4 #a #i1 #ej4 quod3 see on #a #fj4 ,c9nae ,smyrnam4 ,c4 ,helvius ,c9na1 a fri5d ( ,catullus1 0 ! au?or ( a poem entitl$ ,smyrna 7,zmyrna71 9 :i* he describ$ ! ince/u\s love ( ,myrrha = h] fa!r ,c9yras1 ! subject be+ treat$ 9 ! fa%ion ( ! ,alex&rian poets4 7,cp4 ,teuffel1 ,rom4 ,lit4 #baj #b-c47 ,v]gil seems to h admir$ him 7,ecl4 ix4 #ce73 b ! elaborate c>e he sp5t ov] 8 poem1 :i* 0 aft] all n a long "o1 result$ 9 obscurity3 fuit autem lib] obscurus adeo ut et nonnulli eius aetatis grammatici 9 eum scrips]9t magnamque ex eius en>ratione s9t gloriam consecuti4 ,quod obscurus fu]it etiam ,m>tialis o/5dit 9 illo v]su 7x4 #ba1 #d73 iudice te melior ,c9na ,m>one fuit1--,phil>gyrius1 quot$ by ,teuffel4 ,cp4 ,catullus xcv ,zmyrna mei ,c9nae nonam po/ d5ique messem ,quam coepta/ nonamque edita po/ hiemem/4 ,horace's nonum 444 prematur 9 annum is believ$ to conta9 a direct ref]5ce to ! ,smyrna4 ,panegyricum ,isocratis4 ,?is spee* receiv$ its "n f ! fact t x 0 writt5 = recitation at "o ( ! great or fe/al assemblies1 su* z ! ,panhell5ic fe/ival at ,olympia4 ,x 0 probably publi%$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! summ] ( ,b4,c4 #chj1 & consi/$ ( an appeal to ! ,greeks to jo9 9 an exp$ition aga9/ ,p]sia1 "u ! jo9t comm& ( ,a!ns & ,sp>ta4 p>cissime1 sc4 dicunt3 cp4 #a #aja ut p>cissime dicam4 ,qu9tilian seems "h to be foll[+ ,dion4 ,hal4 de ,comp4 ,v]b4 c4 #be 7,reiske v4 p4 #bjh7 1 1 4 ,plut>* says t "s m5tion$ #ae ye>s3 1 ,dec4 ,orat4 p4 #hcg ,f3 cp4 ,mor4 #cej ,e1 :]e he speaks ( #8almo/ ?ree ,olympiads4' ,! writ] ( ! treatise #8,on ! ,sublime' 7*4 #d7 gives t5 ye>s z ! p]iod4 elaboratum3 #g #cb4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brutus #cab de9ceps inde multae 7causae7 quas nos dilig5t] elaboratas et tamquam elucubratas adf]ebamus4 nullum erit1 #8w be ( no avail' non dignum erit cuius ulla ratio habeatur4 #aec ,cp4 ,cic4 9 ,vat94 xii4 #cj ,dices supplicationes te illas non probasse4 ,optime4 ,nullae fu]9t supplicationes4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,:at to ,write4 #aec ,quae scrib5da s9t praecipue4 ,v3#a ,v4 ,proximum e/ ut dicamus quae praecipue scrib5da s9t p>antibus4 ,non e/ huius quidem op]is ut explicemus quae s9t mat]iae1 quae prima aut secunda aut de9ceps tract&a s9t 7nam id factum e/ iam primo libro1 quo pu]orum1 et secundo1 quo iam robu/orum /udiis ord9em d$imus71 s$1 de quo nunc agitur1 unde copia ac facilitas maxime v5iat4 #a4 3 v4 #a #a & note4 ,= ! read+ see ,crit4 ,notes4 op]is3 #8?is "p ( my "w1' viz4 ! pres5t *apt]4 mat]iae4 ,! plural is especially frequ5t 9 ,qu9tilian #a #fb3 #e #bb3 #g #be3 cp4 ii4 #d1 #ab & #da3 #f1 #a3 #aj1 #a & #d3 iii4 #e1 #b3 iv4 #a1 #dc3 vi4 #b1 #aj3 #c1 #ae3 vii4 pro4 #d3 #d1 #bd & #dj4 ,he is n treat+ "h ( ! k9ds ( subjects = a g5]al c\rse ( rhetorical tra9+1 b limits himself to ! po9t #8de quo agitur1 unde copia ac facilitas maxime v5iat4' primo libro3 see *4 #i1 :]e he adds to ! (fice ( ! gramm>ian1 aft] ratio loqu5di & en>ratio auctorum1 qua$am dic5di primordia quibus aetates nondum rhetorem capi5tes in/ituant4 secundo3 *4 #d de primis apud rhetorem ex]citationibus1 & *4 #aj de utilitate et ratione declam&i4 pu]orum 444 robu/orum3 cp4 i4 #h1 #ab priora illa ad pu]os magis1 haec sequ5tia ad robu/iores p]t9ebunt3 ii4 #b1 #ad infirmitas a robu/ioribus sep>&a e/3 x4 #a #acj robu/is et sev]iore g5]e satis firmatis3 ii4 #e1 #b robu/i iuv5es3 i4 #a1 #i robu/um quoque et iam maximum regem ab in/itutione illa pu]ili sunt prosecuta3 i4 #e1 #i3 #ab1 #a4 s$3 supply ut explicemus1 or 7= an indep5d5t clause7 explic&um e/4 de quo nunc agitur3 i4e4 ! av[$ object ( ! t5? book3 cp4 #a #a4 copia3 #a #e opes qua$am p>&ae 444 eae con/ant copia r]um ac v]borum4 ,x is ! copia v]borum t is specially meant "h4 ,v3#b ,v]t]e ,graeca 9 ,lat9um vet]es no/ri oratores optimum iudicabant4 ,id se ,l4 ,crassus 9 illis ,cic]onis de ,oratore libris dicit factitasse2 id ,cic]o sua ipse p]sona frequ5tissime praecipit1 qu9 etiam libros ,platonis atque ,x5ophontis edidit hoc #aed g5]e translatos2 id ,messallae placuit1 multaeque sunt ab eo scriptae ad hunc modum orationes1 adeo ut etiam cum illa ,hyp]idis pro ,phryne difficillima ,romanis subtilitate cont5d]et4 ,et manife/a e/ ex]citationis huiusce ratio4 #b4 ,lat9um3 to be tak5 sub/antively1 cp4 i4 #f1 #c & #ai3 ii4 #a1 #d3 #d bel[1 ,lat9is3 cp4 ,cic]o ,tusc4 iii4 #bi licet1 ut saepe facimus1 9 ,lat9um illa conv]t]e4 de ,oratore i4 #aee po/ea mihi placuit1 eoque sum usus adulesc5s1 ut summorum oratorum ,graecas orationes explic>em1 quibus lectis hoc adsequeb>1 ut cum ea quae leg]am ,graece1 ,lat9e r$d]em1 non solum optimis v]bis ut]] et tam5 usitatis1 s$ etiam exprim]em qua$am v]ba imit&o1 quae nova no/ris ess5t1 dummodo ess5t idonea4 ,pr(4 ,wilk9s !re ref]s1 = ! value to be atta*$ to translation at sight1 z giv+ a comm& ov] appropriate diction1 to ,/anhope's ,life ( ,pitt1 vol4 i4 pp4 #h & #ah4 ,cp4 ,/anley's ,arnold1 i4 #abj4 sua ipse p]sona3 9 8 own "n1 & n m]ely by ! m\? ( "o ( ! p]sons ( a dialogue1 l ,crassus 9 ! ,de ,oratore4 ,!re are no passages 9 ,cic]o's extant writ+s t acc\nt = ! words frequ5tissime praecipit3 cp41 h[ev]1 ,brutus #caj ,comm5tab> declamitans 444 idque faciebam multum etiam ,lat9e s$ ,graece saepius3 ad ,fam4 xvi4 #ba1 #e declamit>e ,graece apud ,cassium in/itui4 ,! introductions to ! ,de ,(ficiis & ,de ,f9ibus conta9 ,cic]o's advocacy ( ! /udy ( ,greek4 ,suet4 de ,rhet4 #a-b ,cic]o ad praeturam usque ,graece declamavit1 ,lat9e v]o s5ior quoque4 libros ,platonis atque ,x5ophontis4 ,cic]o translat$1 at ab\t ! age ( #bj #aed ye>s 7de ,(f4 ii4 #hg7 ! ,oeconomicus ( ,x5ophon3 9 e>ly life also ! ,protagoras ( ,plato1 & lat] ! ,timaeus4 ,qu9tilian might h includ$ a ref]5ce to ,cic]o's translation ( ,aes*9es 9 ,ctesiphontem & ,demo/h5es de ,corona1 8 preface to :i* survives 9 ! ,de ,optimo ,g5]e ,oratorum3 #ad ,conv]ti enim ex ,atticis duorum eloqu5tissimorum nobilissimas orationes int] se contr>ias1 ,aes*9is ,demo/h5isque3 nec conv]ti ut int]pres s$ ut orator1 c4 ,8 motive 0 to lay d[n a /&>d ( #8,atticism1' z well z to free himself f ! *>ge ( #8,asianism'3 #bc erit regula ad quam eorum dirigantur orationes qui ,attice vol5t dic]e4 ,cp4 ,qu9t1 xii4 #aj4 hoc g5]e3 #c #bf3 & bel[ #g4 ,messallae3 v4 #a #bb & #aac ) ! notes4 ,hyp]idis pro ,phryne3 ,qu9tilian ref]s to ! well-kn[n /ory ii4 #ae1 #i et ,phryn5 non ,hyp]idis actione quamquam admirabili1 s$ conspectu corporis1 quod illa speciosissimum alioqui diducta nudav]it tunica1 putant p]iculo lib]atam4 ,phryne 0 accus$ ( 4 ,= ,hyp]ides v4 #a #gg1 & note4 cum illa 444 pro ,phryne 444 subtilitate4 ,! comm5tators quote a simil> bra*yology 9 ,cic4 ,orator #ajh ipsa enim illa pro ,roscio iuv5ilis r$undantia1 ?\gh ! text is n c]ta94 difficillima ,romanis subtilitat4 ,cp4 #a #ajj cum s]mo ipse ,romanus non recip]e videatur illam solis concessam ,atticis v5]em4 ,= subtilitas cp4 #a #gh1 #b #ai1 ,brutus #fg s$ ea 9 no/ris inscitia e/1 quod hi ipsi1 qui 9 ,graecis antiquitate delectantur eaque subtilitate quam ,atticam appellant1 hanc 9 ,catone ne nov]unt quidem4 ,hyp]idae volunt esse et ,lysiae4 ,laudo2 s$ cur nolunt ,catones8 ,v3#c ,nam et r]um copia ,graeci auctores abundant et plurimum artis 9 eloqu5tiam intul]unt1 et hos transf]5tibus v]bis uti optimis licet2 omnibus enim utimur no/ris4 ,figuras v]o1 quibus maxime ornatur oratio1 multas ac v>ias excogit&i etiam necessitas qua$am e/1 quia pl]umque a ,graecis ,romana diss5tiunt4 #c4 auctores3 see on #a #bd4 transf]5tibus3 p]sonal dat4 aft] licet4 v]bis uti optimis3 cp4 hoc adsequeb> ut 4444 non solum optimis v]bis ut]] de ,oratore i4 #aee1 quot$ above4 no/ris is pr$icative omnia enim quibus utimur no/ra sunt4 ,translation f ! ,greek leaves u free to *oose ! be/ expressions3 x is n l translation f ,lat9 7i4e4 reproduction or p>aphrase71 :]e we mu/ (t5 borr[ f our models 7optimis occupatis #e474 figuras4 ,cp4 #a #ab1 note on figuramus4 ,9 ix4 #a1 ,qu9tilian discusses ! mean+ ( figura1 :i* he def9es broadly 9 #d z #8con=matio qua$am orationis remota a communi et primum se (f]5te ratione4' ,"h he ref]s bo? to rhetorical & to grammatical figures2 ! latt] require idiomatic r5d]+1 :ile a rhetorical figure :i* may be appropriate 9 ! "o language may n be all[able 9 ! o!r4 ,9 i4 #a1 #ac he gives a w>n+ aga9/ ! exclusive use ( ,greek 9 e>ly tra9+3 h9c enim accidunt et oris plurima vitia 9 p]egr9um sonum corrupti et s]monis1 cui cum ,graecae figurae adsidua consuetud9e haes]unt1 9 div]sa quoque loqu5di ratione p]t9acissime durant4 ,v3#d ,s$ et illa ex ,lat9is conv]sio multum et ipsa contul]it4 #aee ,ac de c>m9ibus quidem nem9em cr$o dubit>e1 quo solo g5]e ex]citationis dicitur usus esse ,sulpicius4 ,nam et sublimis spiritus attoll]e orationem pote/1 et v]ba poetica lib]tate audaciora non praesumunt eadem proprie dic5di facultatem2 s$ et ipsis s5t5tiis adic]e licet oratorium robur et omissa suppl]e et effusa sub/r+]e4 #d4 ex ,lat9is conv]sio4 ,v]bal n\ns are (t5 jo9$ ) ! case gov]n$ by ! v]b f :i* !y are d]iv$3 vii4 #b1 #ce ex causis probatio4 ,9 ,plautus !re are sev]al in/ances ev5 ( ! accusative1 b ! dative is m frequ5t4 multum et ipsa ipsa quoque 444 multum contul]it1 #8ev5 p>aphrase ( #aee itself1' i4e4 ap>t f translation4 ,see on #a #ca & cp4 #bj bel[1 #f #a3 #g #bf4 contul]it3 v4 on #a #cg4 7,cic]o uses ipse by itself1 or ipse etiam3 ,livy1 ipse quoque47 de c>m9ibus3 ,hild wrongly takes ?is ( ,greek poetry4 ,qu9tilian is comm5d+ ^? ex]cises 9 #8reproduction' or #8p>aphrase1' :i* are sub/itut$ 9 _m s*ools n[ = ,engli% #8p>s+4' ,sulpicius1 #a #aaf4 sublimis spiritus3 cp4 #a #bg 9 rebus spiritus et 9 v]bis sublimitas3 #fa spiritu1 magnific5tia3 #ajd elatum abunde spiritum3 #c #bb beatiorem spiritum4 orationem3 #8prose /yle4' ,! fire ( ! poetry gives elevation to ! p>aphrase4 ,oratio is us$ 7)\t prosa7 9 ,cic]o = #8prose'3 ,orator #gj saepissime et 9 poematis et 9 oratione peccatur3 ibid4 #aff1 #agd1 #agh1 #aih1 c4 poetica lib]tate4 ,cp4 ,qu9tilian's rem>ks on ! /udy ( poetry1 #a #bg-cj1 esp4 #bh lib]tate v]borum 444 lic5tia figur>um4 praesumunt4 ,! use ( ?is v]b1 ) su* a nom9ative z v]ba 7:i* seems "h to be 9 a way p]sonifi$71 w\ld be h>d to p>allel ei!r f ,qu9tilian or f any o!r writ]4 ,else:]e x is g5]ally us$ ) a p]sonal ref]5ce 9 ! s5se ( to #8take be=eh&' 7771--) d]iv$ mean+s2 e4g4 i4 #aj1 #bg3 i4 #a1 #ai3 ii4 #d1 #g2 #ag1 #bh3 viii4 #f1 #bc3 xii4 #i1 #i4 ,! passage xi4 #a1 #bg inviti iudices audiunt praesum5tem p>tes suas is quot$ z %[+ t ! mean+ is #8encroa* ^u1' b t is second>y3 !re x simply means #8anticipat+ !m 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! functions1' cp4 sum]e sibi imp]atorias p>tes ,caes> ,b4,c4 iii4 #ea4 #8,=e/all' is ! ne>e/ ,engli% equival5t3 pra]ip]e 7,be*]71 praecid]e 7,hild71 praecip]e 7sum]e aliquid ante tempus7 ,dosson4 ,cp4 ,a54 xi4 #ah3 ,ovid ,ar4 ,amat4 iii4 #geg3 & praeclusam #g bel[4--,9 :at foll[s eadem is ! only read+ t w make s5se ( a v difficult passage3 if x is ! nom4 pl4 7agree+ ) v]ba71 tr4 #8d n at ! same "t 7i4e4 9 consequ5ce ( _! be+ poet4 lib]t4 audac47 exhau/ be=eh& ! p[] ( us+ ! language ( ord9>y prose3 no 7s$ 71 we may add to ! ?\ght 7( ! poem7 ! /r5g? ( rhetoric1' c4 ,ev5 if ! words are #8poetica lib]tate audaciora' ! #8facultas proprie dic5di' c secure /r5g?1 complet5ess1 & compactness = ! reproduction4 ,b eadem is usually tak5 z ! acc4 pl4 neut43 #8d n use up be=eh& ! ability to say ! same ?+s 9 ord9>y prose4' ,! read+ e&em 7,halm & ,mei/]7 w\ld seem to require a diff]5t mean+ = praesumunt4--,see ,crit4 ,notes4 effusa sub/r+]e3 cp4 #d #a luxuriantia ad/r+]e4 ,sub/r+]e means to #8ga!r up' z "o does ) di%evell$ 7effusus7 hair1 f :i* ! figure may be tak53 ,tac4 ,g]m4 #ch sub/r+]e cr9em nodo4 ,burmann quotes f ,t]tullian de ,oration1 *4 i4 de brevitate orationis dom9icae quantum sub/r+itur v]bis tantum diffunditur s5sibus4 ,v3#e ,neque ego p>aphras9 esse int]pretationem tantum volo1 s$ circa eosdem s5sus c]tam5 atque aemulationem4 ,ideoque ab illis diss5tio qui v]t]e #aef orationes ,lat9as vetant1 quia optimis occupatis1 quidquid alit] dix]imus1 necesse sit esse det]ius4 ,nam neque semp] e/ desp]&um aliquid illis quae dicta sunt melius posse rep]iri1 neque adeo ieiunam ac paup]em natura eloqu5tiam fecit ut una de re b5e dici nisi semel non possit3 #e4 p>aphras91 subject3 cp4 conv]sio #d above4 ,! p>aphrase is n to be a m]e ^w-=-^w translation3 = int]pretatio cp4 iii4 #e1 #ag4 ,among ! #8dic5di primordia' prop] = ! tra9+ ( #8aetates nondum rhetorem capi5tes' ,qu9tilian lays d[n ! practice ( p>aphrase3 tum p>aphrasi audacius v]t]e 7,aesopi ,fabellas71 qua et brevi>e qua$am et exorn>e salvo modo poetae s5su p]mittitur4 circa eosdem s5sus4 ,! writ] is to endeav\r to rival 8 orig9al 9 express+ ! same idea4 ,= s5sus cp4 #c #cc3 circa aga9 bel[ #f circa voces easdem4 ,see on #a #eb4 v]t]e orationes4 ,till n[ he has #aef be5 speak+ ( conv]sio ex c>m9ibus4 ,x 0 probably ! cu/om 9 s*ools ( rhetoric to make pupils give a free r5d]+ 7v]t]e7 ( passages also f "s great oration4 ,qu9tilian is def5d+ su* practices aga9/ ! criticism :i* ,cic]o1 = example1 puts 9 ! m\? ( ,crassus1 de ,orat4 i4 #aed equidem mihi adulesc5tulus propon]e solebam illam ex]citationem maxime 444 ut aut v]sibus propositis quam maxime gravibus aut oratione aliqua lecta ad eum f9em1 quem memoria possem compreh5d]e1 eam rem ipsam quam legissem v]bis aliis quam maxime possem lectis pronunti>em3 s$ po/ animadv]ti hoc esse 9 hoc vitii1 quod ea v]ba quae maxime cuiusque rei propria quaeque ess5t ornatissima atque optima occupasset aut ,ennius1 si ad eius v]sus me ex]c]em1 aut ,grac*us1 si eius orationem mihi =te proposuissem3 ita1 si eisdem v]bis ut]]1 nihil prodesse1 si aliis1 etiam obesse1 cum m9us idoneis uti consuesc]em4 ,s he took to translat+ f ! ,greek1 z %[n 9 :at foll[s1 quot$ on #b above4 una de re4 ,along ) 9 eadem mat]ia bel[1 ?is %[s :at fre$om ,qu9tilian w\ld all[ 9 su* reproductions3 cp4 non int]pretationem tantum1 c4 above4 ,hild ref]s to a quotation1 on ! o!r h&1 f ,la ,bruyre 7,ouvrages de l',esprit #ag71 :i* has m ( ! _s ( ! true arti/3 ,entre t\tes les diffr5tes expressions qui peuv5t r5dre une seule de nos p5ses1 il n'y en a qu'une qui soit la bonne4 ,on ne la r5contre pas t\j\rs en p>lant ou en crivant2 il e/ vrai nanmo9s qu'elle exi/e1 que t\t ce qui ne l'e/ pas e/ faible1 et ne satisfait po9t un homme d'esprit qui veut se faire ent5dre4 ,v3#f nisi =te hi/rionum multa circa voces easdem v>i>e ge/us pote/1 or&i m9or vis1 ut dicatur aliquid po/ quod 9 eadem mat]ia nihil dic5dum sit4 ,s$ e/o neque melius quod inv5imus esse neque p>1 e/ c]te proximis locus4 #f4 nisi =te3 a =mula g5]ally us$1 z 9 ,cic]o1 to introduce an ironical argum5t1 e4g4 i4 #gj3 #b #h4 ,= a simil> con/r4 cp4 i4 #aj1 #f3 nisi =te quidem atque alia1 quae oculis aut vuln]ibus m$5tur1 ex multis atque int]im contr>iis quoque int] se effectibus componi videmus 444 et muta animalia mellisillum inimitabilem humanae rationis saporem v>io florum ac sucorum g5]e p]ficiunt3 nos mirabamur si oratio1 qua nihil prae/antius hom9i d$it provid5tia1 pluribus artibus egeat4 ,&1 ) autem 9 ! second clause1 ii4 #c1 #f ,nisi =te ,iovem quidem ,phidias optime fecit1 illa autem alius melius elaborasset4 ,cp4 ! use ( an1 an v]o ) anti!tical clauses4--,! reason+ is by no means conclusive1 ! analogy on :i* x re/s hav+ no?+ to recomm5d x except to a tea*] ( rhetoric4 ,qu9tilian may h _h 9 8 m9d :at w5t on betwe5 ,cic]o & ,roscius3 ,satis con/at cont5d]e eum cum ipso hi/rione solitum1 utrum ille saepius e&em s5t5tiam v>iis ge/ibus effic]et1 an ipse p] eloqu5tiae copiam s]mone div]so pronunti>et1--,macrobius1 ,saturn4 ii4 #dj4 e/o3 ) acc4 & inf94 z 9 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #a1 #ha ,v]um e/o aliis alios rebus /udiisque t5]i3 ,idem eadem possunt horam dur>e probantes4 ,! subj4 is m common3 ,cic4 pro ,se/4 #ig e/o 7e/7 444 ut s9t4 ,or else e/o may be us$ indep5d5tly3 ,hor4 ,sat4 ii4 #b1 #cj4 ,qu9t4 ix4 #b1 #hd s$ e/o1 volu]it3 ,v]g4 ,a54 iv4 #ce e/o1 nulli flex]e m>iti4 p> 444 proximis3 cp4 #a #abg p>es ac saltem proximos illi viro fi]i4 ,) proximis und]/& #8illis quae dicta sunt4' ,v3#g ,an v]o ipsi non bis ac saepius de eadem re dicimus et quidem cont9uas nonnumquam s5t5tias8 ,nisi #aeg =te cont5d]e nobiscum possumus1 cum aliis non possumus4 ,nam si uno g5]e b5e dic]etur1 fas erat exi/im>i praeclusam nobis a prioribus viam2 nunc v]o innum]abiles sunt modi plurimaeque eodem viae ducunt4 #g4 ,an v]o3 see on #c #bi4 et quidem3 see on #a #cd1 & cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 i4 #ab1 #a decessit ,corellius ,rufus1 et quidem sponte4 #aeg nisi =te3 v4 on #f above4 ,= su* repetitions see #b #bc1 & note4 uno3 supply tantum1 z 9 #a #ia hos nom9avimus4 ,= g5]e 7 ratione1 modo7 cp4 #c #bf4 fas erat4 ,) v]bs express+ possibility1 duty1 necessity1 conv5i5ce1 int5tion1 c4 ! indicative is (t5 us$ 9 ! apodosis :5 ! v]b 9 ! protasis is subjunctive4 ,cp4 ,livy v4 #f ,si m$iusfidius ad hoc bellum nihil p]t9]et1 ad discipl9am c]te militiae plurimum int]]at1 c43 ,sallu/4 ,iug4 #he ad f94 ,quae si dubia aut procul ess5t1 tam5 omnes bonos rei publicae subv5ire decebat4 plurimae 444 ducunt4 ,! expression seems prov]bial3 cp4 #8,all roads lead to ,rome4' ,v3#h ,sua brevitati gratia1 sua copiae1 alia translatis virtus1 alia propriis1 hoc oratio recta1 illud figura decl9ata comm5dat4 ,ipsa d5ique utilissima e/ ex]citationi difficultas4 ,quid quod auctores maximi sic dilig5tius cognoscuntur8 ,non enim scripta lectione secura transcurrimus1 s$ tractamus s+ula et necess>io introspicimus et1 quantum virtutis habeant1 vel hoc ipso cognoscimus1 quod imit>i non possumus4 #h4 oratio recta4 ,see on #a #dd rectum dic5di g5us3 ! opposite is oratio figurata1 or figura decl9ata 7#a #ab74 ,cp4 ix4 #a1 #c ,utraque res 7figures & tropes7 de recta et simplici ratione cum aliqua dic5di virtute deflectitur4 figura is ablative1 ! phrase be+ equival5t to figurata3 #a #ab4 comm5dat3 v4 #a #aja4 tractamus3 cp4 repetamus autem et tractemus #a #ai4 ,v3#i ,nec ali5a tantum transf]re1 s$ etiam no/ra pluribus modis tract>e prod]it1 ut ex indu/ria sumamus s5t5tias quasdam easque v]semus quam num]osissime1 velut eadem c]a aliae aliaeque =mae duci sol5t4 #i4 num]osissime3 n m]ely #8z (t5 z possible' 7saepissime71 b #89 e possible v>iety'3 cp4 aliae aliaeque =mae1 bel[4 ,cp4 ii4 #ab1 #c sp>sa compositis num]osiora cr$untur3 viii4 pr4 #b difficultate in/itutionis tam num]osae atque p]plexae det]r]i3 xi4 #b1 #bg ni =te tam num]osus 7locus7 ut ipse quoque dividi debeat3 vi4 #c1 #cf neque enim m9us num]osi sunt loci ex quibus haec dicta 444 ducuntur4 ,b ,qu9tilian also uses x 9 ! ,cic]onian s5se 7#8rhy?mically1' #8h>moni\sly'7 viii4 #f1 #fd s]monem fac]e num]osum3 ix4 #d1 #ef3 xi4 #a1 #cc4 eadem c]a3 ,cic4 de ,orat iii4 #agg s$ ea nos 444 sicut mollissimam c]am ad no/rum arbitrium =mamus et f+imus3 ,pl9y ,ep4 vii4 #i1 #aa ,ut laus e/ c]ae mollis c$5sque sequatur ,si doctos digitos iussaque fiat opus1 c4 aliae aliaeque1 #8fir/ "o & !n ano!r'3 ( a cont9u\s succession3 cp4 quam num]osissime1 above4 ,cp4 ,cels4 iii4 #c extr4 febres 444 aliae aliaeque sub9de oriuntur4 ,) ?is exception1 ,qu9tilian consi/5tly pref]s ! ,cic]onian atque 9 su* expressions1 in/ead ( ! enclitic4 ,krg] cites ,tibull4 iv4 #a1 #af1 sq4 ut tibi possim ,inde alios aliosque memor compon]e v]sus4 duci3 #c #ah3 ii4 #d1 #g si non ab initio t5uem nimium lam9am dux]imus4 ,v3#aj ,plurimum autem p>>i facultatis exi/imo ex simplicissima quaque mat]ia4 ,nam illa multiplici #aeh p]son>um1 caus>um1 temporum1 locorum1 dictorum1 factorum div]sitate facile delitescet infirmitas1 tot se undique rebus1 ex quibus aliquam adpreh5das1 (f]5tibus4 #aj4 illa 444 div]sitate3 xii4 #aj1 #ae umbra magni nom9is delitescunt4 ,! less complicat$ ! subject1 ! m w ! orator h to dep5d on 8 own res\rces3 ) ! div]sitas t *>act]ises actual plead+1 :]e ! speak] mu/ h reg>d to e feature #aeh ( ! case1 want ( orig9al tal5t or pov]ty ( inv5tion 7infirmitas7 c easily %elt] itself beh9d a cr[d ( details4 caus>um1 #8circum/ances'3 opp4 to p]son>um1 z loca1 to tempora1 & facta to dicta4 ,s p]sonis causisque iii4 #e1 #aa3 r]um is us$ 9 a simil> enum]ation iii4 #e1 #g4 ,s ,krg]1 ( ! #8po9ts ( law' involv$ 9 p>ticul> cases3 = causa 9 ! wid] s5se cp4 iii4 #e1 #ah ) ,cic4 ,top4 #hj4 ,v3#aa ,illud virtutis indicium e/1 fund]e quae natura contracta sunt1 aug]e p>va1 v>ietatem similibus1 voluptatem expositis d>e et b5e dic]e multa de paucis4 ,9 hoc optime faci5t inf9itae quae/iones1 quas voc>i !ses #aei diximus1 quibus ,cic]o iam pr9ceps 9 re publica ex]c]i solebat4 #aa4 fund]e 444 contracta3 cp4 ii4 #ac1 #e con/ricta an latius fusa n>ratio3 fusus #a #gc4 ,! ^w dilat>e 7cp4 ,cic4 de ,f94 iii4 #ae71 copiosius et latius eff]re4 ,s latum atque fusum is opp4 to contractum atque submissum xi4 #c1 #ej4 ,cp4 ,cic]o ,orat4 #abe tum se latius fundet orator1--a phrase :i* ,qu9tilian reproduces 9 _m places4 aug]e p>va4 ,cp4 ,plato1 ,pha$rus #bfg ,a 7( ,tisias & ,gorgias7 4 ,isocrates is said to h def9$ rhetoric z t :i* 1 --,pseudo-,plut>* #hch ,f4 ,see too ! ,exordium ( ! ,panegyricus ( ,isocrates #h 7v>ietatem similibus7 444 expositis3 #8commonplace1' #8trite4' ,iuv4 vii4 #ec ,s$ vatem egregium1 cui non sit publica v5a1 ,qui nil expositum soleat d$uc]e1 nec qui ,communi f]iat c>m5 triviale moneta4 ,introd4 p4 xlvii4 ,9 hoc3 cp4 #b #e4 ,x d5otes ! end or aim1 l ad hoc4 ,= ?is use ( fac]e cp4 #a #cc b5e ad =5sem pulv]em fac]e3 #g #d quid porro multus /ilus 444 facit8 inf9itae quae/iones quas voc>i !ses diximus3 iii4 #e1 #e sq4 ,item conv5it quae/iones esse aut inf9itas aut f9itas4 ,inf9itae sunt quae remotis p]sonis et temporibus et locis cet]isque similibus 9 utramque p>tem 7i4e4 affirmatively & negatively7 tractantur1 quod ,graeci dicunt1 ,cic]o propositum1 alii quae/iones univ]sales civiles1 alii quae/iones philosopho conv5i5tes1 ,a!naeus p>tem caussae appellat4 ,hoc g5us ,cic]o sci5tia et actione di/+uit 7speculative & practical71 ut sit sci5tia #8an provid5tia mundus regatur1' actionis #8an acc$5dum ad rempublicam adm9i/r&am4' 444 ,f9itae autem sunt ex complexu r]um1 p]son>um1 temporum1 cet]orumque quae a ,graecis dicuntur1 causae a no/ris4 ,9 8 omnis quae/io videtur circa res p]sonasque consi/]e4 ,amplior e/ semp] inf9ita1 inde enim f9ita desc5dit4 ,quod ut exemplo pateat1 inf9ita e/ #8an uxor duc5da1' f9ita #8an ,catoni duc5da4'--,! division ( ! subject-matt] ( oratory into que/ions ( ! univ]sal k9d1 #8g5]al problems1' & que/ions ( a special k9d1 #8p>ticul> problems1' is famili> 9 anci5t rhetoric4 ,! =m] 7 ab/ract1 & _h no specifi$ relation to individual p]sons or circum/ances3 ! latt] 7 concrete1 involv+ a ref]5ce to actual p]sons & circum/ances4 ,9 ! ad ,h]5n4 ! quae/iones inf9itae 771 proposita 7,top4 #gi7 or consultationes 7,"p4 ,or4 #fa7 are subdivid$1 z above1 into quae/iones sci5tiae or cognitionis1 #8!oretical que/ions' 7e4g4 ecquid bonum sit praet] hone/atem71 & quae/iones actionis #8que/ions ( practical life1' 7e4g4 an uxor duc5da74 ,! quae/iones f9itae1 on ! o!r h&1 1 causae1 controv]siae 7de ,orat4 iii4 #aji71 are ^? conc]n+ individuals3 cum p]son>um c]t>um int]positione1 de ,inv4 i4 #f1 #h4 ,! is ?us def9$ 9 ,h]mog5es1 ,sp4 ii4 #ag3 1 3 cp4 res posita 9 inf9ita dubitatione1 de ,orat4 ii4 #gh4 ,! quae/io f9ita on ! o!r h& is res posita 9 disceptatione reorum et controv]sia 7ibid473 #aei 7,nicolaus ,soph4 ,progym4 ,sp4 iii4 #dic74 ,! passages to comp>e 9 ,cic]o are ! foll[+3--de ,orat4 i4 #ach3 ii4 #da1 #gh1 & #acc3 iii4 #aji-aaa3 ,orat4 #de3 ,top4 #gi3 de ,inv5t4 i4 #f1 #h3 ,"p4 ,orat4 #fa1 #ajf4 ,cic]o4 ,x 0 consid]$ "o ( 8 /rong po9ts t he c\ld rise f ! special in/ance to ! high] gr\nd ( ! g5]al pr9ciple3 ,brutus #cbb dicam de cet]is quorum nemo erat qui 444 dilat>e posset atque a propria ac def9ita disputatione hom9is ac temporis ad communem quae/ionem univ]si g5]is orationem traduc]e4 ,he writes to ,atticus 9 #di ,b4,c4 7ix4 #d1 #a7 ,ne me totum aegritud9i d$am1 sumpsi mihi quasdam tanquam 3 cp4 ib4 #i1 #a meas comm5t>i non des9o4 ,ari/otle recognis$ ! importance ( ! practice ( ! 3 9 hac ,a4 adulesc5tes1 non ad philosophorum morem t5uit] diss]5di1 s$ ad copiam rhetorum 9 utramque p>tem ut ornatius et ub]ius dici posset1 ex]cuit4 ,cp4 ,tusc4 ,disp4 ii4 #c #i3 de ,orat4 iii4 #ajg3 ,qu9t4 xii4 #b1 #be4 ,among 8 we may probably reckon ! ,p>adoxa4 ,v3#ab ,8 conf9is e/ de/ructio et confirmatio s5t5ti>um4 ,nam cum sit s5t5tia decretum quoddam atque praeceptum1 quod de re1 idem de iudicio rei qua]i pote/4 ,tum loci communes1 #afj quos etiam scriptos ab oratoribus scimus4 ,nam qui haec recta tantum et 9 nullos flexus rec$5tia copiose tractav]it1 utique 9 illis plures excursus recipi5tibus magis abundabit eritque 9 omnes causas p>atus2 omnes enim g5]alibus quae/ionibus con/ant4 #ab4 conf9is3 frequ5t 9 ?is figurative s5se 9 ,qu9tilian3 n 9 ,cic]o4 de/ructio 444 confirmatio correspond respectively to 7refutatio7 & 7probatio74 ,cp4 ii4 #d1 #ah ,n>rationibus non inutilit] subiungitur opus de/ru5di confirm&ique eas1 quod et vocatur4 ,h]mog4 ,sp4 ii4 #h 1 4 ,= confirmatio v4 ,cic4 de ,inv5t4 i4 #bd3 de ,orat4 ii4 #cca3 ,"p4 ,or4 #a1 #d3 #h1 #bg3 ,cornif4 ad ,h]4 i4 #c3 ,qu9t4 iv4 #c1 #a3 v4 #ac1 #a4 ,qu9tilian "h transf]s to judicial f9d+s ! language applicable to n>ratio1 z above3 s5t5tia a judicial s5t5ce1 & is synonym\s ) iudicium4 8,9 s5t5tia1 quae e/ de re iudicium1 fi]i pote/ idem quod 9 facto n>rato1 quod e/ res ipsa40--,spald+4 ,t is to say1 s5t5tia & iudicium 8p]ta9 to individual cases 7res73 b ! p>ticul> s5t5ce or judgm5t is also a k9d ( 7g5]al7 decree & prescription1 or g5]al rule ( law2 because1 to be su/a9$ or refut$1 x mu/ be put into a g5]al =m or /atem5t l su* a g5]al decree4 ,?us ! special s5t5ce is argu$ 7qua]itur7 on ! same gr\nds z ! case itself 7res7 on :i* x has be5 pron\nc$4 ,see ! case ( ,milo1 quot$ bel[1 ii #ac4 ,( c\rse no specific "q ( fact w come into su* a discussion2 only a g5]al "o ( "r or wrong1 ( legal prec$5t1 or ( law 9 g5]al40 ,frieze4 loci communes3 #8g5]al argum5ts1' #8commonplaces1' i4e4 topics = argum5t on all sorts ( matt]s4 ,cic]o def9es !m de ,inv5t4 ii4 #dh sq4 haec argum5ta1 quae transf]ri 9 multas causas possunt1 locos communes nom9amus 444 di/+uitur autem oratio atque illu/ratur maxime r>o induc5dis locis communibus et aliquo loco iam c]tioribus illis argum5tis confirmato 444 omnia autem ornam5ta elocutionis1 9 quibus et suavitatis et gravitatis plurimum consi/it1 9 communes locos conf]untur3 de ,or4 iii4 #ajf consequ5tur etiam illi loci1 qui quamquam proprii caus>um et inha]5tes 9 e>um n]vis esse deb5t1 tam5 quia de univ]sa re tract>e sol5t1 communes a vet]ibus nom9ati sunt1 quorum p>tim hab5t vitiorum et peccatorum acrem qu&am cum amplificatione incusationem aut qu]elam 444 quibus uti confirmatis crim9ibus oportet4442 alii autem hab5t deprecationem aut mis]ationem2 alii v]o ancipites disputationes1 9 quibus de univ]so g5]e 9 utramque p>tem diss]i copiose licet3 ,orat4 #df-g3 #abf3 ,"p4 ,orat4 #aae4 ,qu9t4 ii4 #d1 #bb communes loci 444 quibus citra p]sonas 9 ipsa vitia moris e/ p]or>e1 ut 9 adult]um1 aleatorem1 petulantem3 ii4 #a1 #i-aa4 8,any subject or topic ( a g5]al "* t is capable ( be+ v>i\sly appli$ & con/antly introduc$ on any appropriate occasion is a locus communis2 any common curr5t maxim or alt]native proposition1 su* z suspitionibus cr$i oport]e non oport]e et contra suspitionibus cr$i oport]e1 te/ibus cr$i oport]e et non oport]e4 ,aga9 invidia1 av>itia1 te/es inimici1 pot5tes amici 7,qu9t4 v4 #ab #ae1 #af7 may furni% loci communes2 or !y may be con/ruct$ de virtute1 de (ficio1 de #afj aequo et bono1 de dignitate1 utilitate1 honore1 ignom9ia1 & on o!r moral topics0 7,cope's ,intr4 to ,ar4 ,rhet4 p4 #acj74 ab oratoribus3 e4g4 ,cic]o & ,hort5sius4 ii4 #a1 #aa ,communes loci1 sive qui sunt 9 vitia directi1 quales legimus a ,cic]one compositos1 seu quibus quae/iones g5]alit] tractantur1 quales sunt editi a ,q4 quoque ,hort5sio1 ut3 #8,sitne p>vis augm5tis cr$5dum8' et pro te/ibus et 9 te/es4 ,ari/otle made loci communes ! subject ( 8 1 9 eight books1 & x 0 ! sub/ance ( ?is treatise t ,cic]o reproduc$ 9 8 #8,topica4' haec recta 444 9 illis1 c4 ,! opposition "h is betwe5 ! simple !mes 7cp4 ex simplicissima quaque mat]ia1 #aj7 :i* deal ) ! g5]al & ab/ract & d n div]ge into ! special 7ii4 #a1 #i citra complexum r]um p]son>umque71 & ! digressions involv$ 9 ! #8multiplex p]son>um caus>um temporum locorum dictorum factorum div]sitas1' ref]r$ to 9 #aj4 ,) ! =m] cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #fg vaga et lib]a et late pat5s quae/io3 iii4 #abj orationes eae quae latissime vagantur et a privata ac s+ul>i controv]sia se ad univ]si g5]is vim explic&am conf]unt3 ,brutus #cbb nemo qui dilat>e posset atque a propria ac def9ita disputatione hom9is ac temporis ad communem quae/ionem univ]si g5]is orationem traduc]e4 ,! two =m ! duo g5]a caus>um ( de ,orat4 ii4 #acc unum 444 9 quo s9e p]sonis atque temporibus de univ]so g5]e qua]atur2 alt]um1 quod p]sonis c]tis et temporibus def9iatur4 ,= recta tantum et 9 nullos flexus rec$5tia cp4 v4 #ac1 #b inde recta f]e 444 e/ actio1 h9c mille flexus et artes desid]antur3 #h above1 oratio recta 444 figura decl9ata4 utique1 #8)\t fail'3 common 9 ?is s5se 9 ,cic]o's lett]s4 ,9 ,qu9tilian x is v frequ5t1 especially 9 /at+ a consequ5ce3 cp4 #a #bd & note4 9 illis1 i4e4 ! great majority ( causes4 plures excursus recipi5tibus1 i4e4 t admit ( v>i\s digressions1 & are susceptible ( v>i\s applications accord+ to circum/ances1 p]sons1 place1 "t1 c4 9 omnes causas p>atus3 = ! con/r4 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 xli4 int] bonos mores et 9 obsequium reg5tis p>atos4 ,a simil> expression occurs ibid4 xxxiv4 solus /atim et unus cuicunque causae p> erat4 ,s too x4 #a1 #b1 above1 p>atam ad omnes casus 444 eloqu5tiam4 g5]alibus quae/ionibus4 ,cp4 iii4 #e1 #i ,hae autem1 quas inf9itas voco1 et g5]ales appellantur3 quod si e/ v]um1 f9itae speciales erunt4 ,9 omni autem speciali utique ine/ g5]alis1 ut quae sit prior3 xii4 #b1 #ah omnis g5]alis quae/io speciali pot5tior1 quia univ]so p>s cont9etur1 non utique acc$it p>ti quod univ]sum e/3 ii4 #d1 #bb ab illo g5]ali tractatu ad quasdam d$uci species4 ,cp4 v4 #g1 #ce4 ,v3#ac ,nam quid int]e/ #8,cornelius tribunus plebis1 #afa quod codicem leg]it1 reus sit1' an qua]amus #8violeturne maie/as1 si magi/ratus rogationem suam populo ipse recit>it'3 #8,milo ,clodium rect5e occid]it' v5iat 9 iudicium1 an #8oporteatne insidiatorem int]fici vel p]niciosum rei publicae civem1 etiamsi non insidietur'3 #8,cato ,m>ciam hone/5e tradid]it ,hort5sio1' an #8conv5iatne res talis bono viro'8 ,de p]sonis iudicatur1 s$ de rebus cont5ditur4 #ac4 ,c4 ,cornelius 0 tribune 9 ,b4,c4 #fg1 :5 he tri$ to d "s useful "w4 ,9 ord] to *eck ! brib]y & corruption t 7 rife at ! "t1 he propos$ a law to make all loans t %\ld be l5t to =eign ambassadors non-actionable4 ,! rejection ( ?is proposal prompt$ ! tribune to br+ =w>d ! rogation "h ref]r$ to1--ne quis nisi p] populum legibus solv]etur4 ,! s5ate _h usurp$ ! p[] ( giv+ disp5sations 9 p>ticul> cases1 )\t any ref]5ce :atev] to ! p1 ?\gh con/itutionally su* disp5sations lay ) ! p & n ! s5ate4 ,:5 ! bill 0 to be read1 a colleague1 ,p4 ,s]vilius ,globulus1 act+ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! s5ate1 int]pos$ 8 veto1 & =bade ! h]ald to make ! proclamation :i* he w\ld o!rwise h done 9 ! =m dictat$ by ! cl]k4 ,!reupon ,cornelius himself read ! draft ( ! propos$ law 7codicem74 ,a riot ensu$1 & ! meet+ 0 brok5 up4 ,cornelius 0 aft]w>ds successful 9 secur+ ! enactm5t ( a law :i* provid$ t #bjj s5ators %\ld be pres5t :5 any disp5sation 0 grant$4 ,on ! expiry ( 8 t]m ( (fice ,cornelius 0 impea*$ by ,p4 ,com9ius #afa = hav+ disreg>d$ ! veto ( 8 colleague1 & ?\gh ! case 0 suppress$ x came on aga9 9 ! foll[+ ye> 7#fe74 ,cornelius 0 def5d$ by ,cic]o 7,brutus #bga71 :o deliv]$ ! two spee*es ( :i* we h a few important fragm5ts1 along ) ! int]e/+ ,argum5tum ( ,asconius4 ,cornelius 0 evid5tly a fight+ "*3 ,asconius calls him #8p]t9acior1' & says #8p] 444 cont5tiones totus prope tribunatus eius p]actus e/4' ,ano!r ( 8 laws 0 #8ut praetores ex edictis suis p]petuis ius dic]5t'3 8:at _h hi!rto be5 und]/ood z matt] ( c\rse 0 n[ expressly laid d[n z a law1 t ! praetors 7 b\nd to adm9i/] ju/ice 9 con=mity ) ! rules set =? by !m1 z 0 ! ,roman use & wont1 at _! ent]+ on (fice40 ,momms54--,= ! ref]5ce 9 ! text cp4 iv4 #d1 #h3 v4 #ac1 #bf3 vi4 #e1 #aj3 vii4 #c1 #ce 7maie/as e/ 9 imp]ii atque 9 nom9is populi ,romani dignitate73 vii4 #c1 #c4 reus sit4 ,! subjunctive is motiv$ only by ! d\ble int]rogation1 s !re is no ne$ = ,halm's conjectural em5dation 7see ,crit4 ,notes74 ,9 ! direct spee* ! f9ita1 or specialis causa w\ld run3 ,c4 ,cornelius 444 reus e/3 cp4 vii4 #a1 #cd accusatur ,milo1 quod ,clodium occid]it3 iii4 #e1 #aj4 ,x is put 9 ! =m ( a positive /atem5t4 ,! inf9ita causa on ! o!r h& is /at$ 9 ! =m ( a "q1 & ?is =m is ma9ta9$ 9 bo? ! f9itae & ! inf9itae quae/iones t foll[4 violeturne maie/as4 ,asconius3 ,cic]o quia non pot]at neg>e id factum esse1 eo confugit ut dic]et non ideo quod lectus sit codex a tribuno imm9utam esse tribunitiam pote/atem4 ,cic]o 9 ,vat94 ii4 #e ,codicem legisse dicebatur3 def5debatur1 te/ibus collegis suis1 non recit&i causa legisse1 s$ recognosc5di4 ,con/abat tam5 ,cornelium concilium illo die dimisisse1 int]cessioni p>uisse4 oporteatne 444 int]fici4 ,?is is ! l9e tak5 9 ! ,pro ,milone1 = :i* cp4 #a #bc4 ,also iii4 #f1 #ic3 iv4 #c1 #ag3 vii4 #a1 #cd4 ,cato ,m>ciam1 c4 ,?is rem>kable episode is ref]r$ to also iii4 #e1 #aa4 ,m>cia liv$ ) ,hort5sius f #ef to #ej ) ! cons5t bo? ( h] husb& & h] fa!r1 & !n w5t back on ! dea? ( ,hort5sius to ,cato4 ,lucan says ( ,cato ii4 #chh ,urbi pat] e/ urbique m>itus4 ,cp4 ,mey]'s ,orat4 ,rom4 ,fragm4 p4 #cgg3 ,/rab4 xi4 p4 #eae3 ,hild also cites ,t]tullian 7,apol4 #ci71 ,/4 ,augu/9e 7de ,bono ,conj4 #ah71 z prote/+ aga9/ su* an in/ance ( pagan corruption4 rebus rebus g5]alibus1 i4e4 g5]al que/ions1 pr9ciples4 ,oporteatne & conv5iatne above give ! special que/ions treat$ z quae/iones inf9itae4 ,v3#ad ,declamationes v]o1 quales 9 s*olis rhetorum dicuntur1 si modo sunt ad v]itatem accommodatae #afb et orationibus similes1 non tantum dum adulescit pr(ectus sunt utilissimae1 quia inv5tionem et dispositionem p>it] ex]c5t1 s$ etiam cum e/ consummatus ac iam 9 =o cl>us2 alitur enim atque enitescit velut pabulo laetiore facundia et adsidua cont5tionum asp]itate fatigata r5ovatur4 #ad4 ,declamationes1 #b #ab4 ,qu9tilian def9es !m ii4 #d1 #da fictas ad imitationem =i consiliorumque mat]ias apud ,graecos dic]e circa ,demetrium ,phal]ea in/itutum f]e con/at4 ,cp4 iv4 #b1 #bh-i4 ,?is s5se ( ! ^w came 9 ab\t ! end ( ,augu/us's reign1 ?\gh ! ?+ 0 kn[n to ,cic]o1 de ,orat4 i4 #adi4 ,cp4 ,m4 ,s5eca ,controv4 praef4 xi4 sqq43 & see note on declamatoribus #a #ga4 ad v]itatem accommodatae4 ,t !y 7 by no means always s may be se5 f ,tac4 ,dial4 #ce ,quales p] fidem et quam incr$ibilit] compositae6 ,sequitur autem ut mat]iae abhorr5ti a v]itate declamatio quoque adhibeatur4 ,cp4 ,qu9t4 ii4 #bj1 #d qui 9 declamationibus1 quas esse v]itati dissimillimas volunt1 aetatem multo /udio ac labore consumunt4 ,see ! :ole ( *4 #aj1 ibid4 esp4 #d declamatio imitetur eas actiones1 9 qu>um ex]citationem rep]ta e/1 & #ab declamatio iudiciorum consiliorumque imago3 iv4 #b1 #bi cum sit declamatio =5sium actionum m$itatio4 #afb orationibus1 real spee*es made 9 c\rt4 pr(ectus3 ab/ract = concrete3 cp4 facilitatem #c #g3 initiis #b #b4 ,s too i4 #b1 #bf firmiores 9 litt]is pr(ectus alit aemulatio4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 p>it]3 i4e4 simul cum elocutione1 ?is la/ be+ ! mo/ important elem5t 9 su* rhetorical ex]cises4 ,dispositio is def9$ ,cic4 de ,inv5t4 i4 #i r]um inv5t>um 9 ord9em di/ributio4 consummatus3 sc4 adulesc5s1 or r iuv5is3 z ?\gh adulescit pr(ectus above _h be5 adulesc5s pr(icit4 ,= consummatus see on #a #hi4 velut pabulo laetiore4 ,livy has 9 ! ord9>y language ( prose #8ut quiete et pabulo laeto refic]et boves' i4 #g1 #d3 = ! figure cp4 ,qu9t4 viii4 ,prooem4 #bc velut laeto gram9e sata4 ,laetus is frequ5tly us$ 9 ,v]gil ( ri* vegetation3 e4g4 ,georg4 iii4 #che fuge pabula laeta1 :]e1 h[ev]1 z also 9 #did1 ! ^w means #8luxuriant1' 9 ! s5se ( rankness r ?an ri*ness4 ,9 ,lucretius #8pabula laeta' occurs six or sev5 times ) arm5ta1 arbu/a1 v9eta3 e4g4 i4 #ad4--;,hort5sius is a case 9 po9t3 nullum enim patiebatur esse diem qu9 aut 9 =o dic]et aut m$it>etur extra =um2 saepissime autem eodem die utrumque faciebat ,brut4 #cjb4 ,v3#ae ,quapropt] hi/oriae nonnumquam ub]tas 9 aliqua ex]c5di /ili p>te pon5da et dialogorum lib]tate ge/i5dum4 ,ne c>m9e quidem lud]e contr>ium fu]it1 sicut a?letae1 remissa quibusdam temporibus ciborum atque ex]citationum c]ta necessitate1 #afc otio et iucundioribus epulis reficiuntur4 #ae4 hi/oriae ub]tas4 ,cp4 #a #ca4 ,pl9y1 ,epi/4 vii4 #i1 #h ,volo int]dum aliquem ex hi/oria locum adpreh5das 444 nam saepe 9 orationes quoque non hi/orica modo s$ prope poetica descriptionum necessitas incidit4 9 aliqua 444 pon5da3 #8%\ld be introduc$ 9 "s "p ( our writt5 ex]cises4' ,be*] 7,quae/4 gramm47 comp>es ,cic4 ,tusc4 ,disp4 iv4 #db aegritud9es susceptae cont9uo 9 magna pe/is p>te v]santur1 i4e4 magnam p>tem cont95t4 ,he r5d]s #8,es ma*e e95 ,!il d] ,/ilbung aus1 die ,flle d] ges*i*tli*5 ,d>/ellung 9 ,anw5dung zu br+54' dialogorum lib]tate ge/i5dum3 #8we %\ld indulge 7#8let ourselves out'7 9 ! easy fre$om ( dialogue4' ,! same abl4 occurs 9 ,livy vi4 #cf1 #a ge/ire otio3 secundis rebus xlv4 #ai1 #g3 9 ,cic]o x is g5]ally voluptate or laetitia4 ,= ge/io c4 inf4 see ,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #age3 ,a4 ,p4 #aei4 ,ne c>m9e quidem c4 ,cp4 ,pl9y l4c4 ,fas e/ et c>m9e remitti 444 ,lusus vocantur4 ,lud]e is us$ ( poetry 9 all ! ,lat9 poets1 especially ( love poetry3 e4g4 ,ovid4 ,tr4 i4 #i1 #fa scis vetus hoc iuv5i lusum mihi c>m53 ,catullus l4 #b multum lusimus 9 meis tabellis3 ,hor4 ,c>4 i4 #cb ,poscimur3 si quid vacui sub umbra ,lusimus tecum4 ,ev5 9 prose x is us$ ( light writ+s ?r[n (f 9 sport3 ,cic4 ,p>ad4 pr4 illa ipsa lud5s conieci 9 communes locos3 especially1 z "h1 :]e a contra/ is impli$ betwe5 sport & s]i\s bus9ess1 e4g4 videant 444 ad lud5dumne an ad pugn&um arma s9t sumpturi 7( milit>y ex]cises7 de ,orat4 ii4 #hd4 ,s too #8ludicra'3 pu]i etiam cum cessant ex]citatione aliqua ludicra 7#89 sport'7 delectantur de ,nat4 ,deor4 i4 #ajb3 ex]citatione quasi ludicra pra$isc]e ac m$it>i de ,orat4 i4 #adg4 #8,res ludicra1' ! drama 7,hor4 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #ahj71 introduces ano!r set ( associations4 contr>ium ali5um1 inconsi/5t ) "o's aim1 #8inapposite4' ,s ,tacitus1 speak+ ( ! unpractical "* ( ! rhetorical !ses 9 ! s*ools ( declamation1 says #8ipsae v]o ex]citationes magna ex p>te contr>iae' ,dial4 #ce3 cp4 #8ubi nemo impune /ulte aliquid aut contr>ie dicit' ibid4 #cd4 sicut a?letae3 = ?is frequ5tly recurr+ comp>ison see on #a #d4 ciborum 444 c]ta necessitate4 ,epictetus uses & #afc = eat+ by regim5 l a?letes 9 tra9+4--,! *iasmus may be not$4 ,v3#af ,ideoque mihi videtur ,m4 ,tullius tantum intulisse eloqu5tiae lum51 quod 9 hos quoque /udiorum secessus excurrit4 ,nam si nobis sola mat]ia fu]it ex litibus1 necesse e/ det]atur fulgor et durescat articulus et ipse ille mucro +5ii cotidiana pugna retundatur4 #af4 /udiorum secessus3 ! #8by-ways' ( /udy1 remote f ! adsidua cont5tionum asp]itas ref]r$ to above4 ,cp4 #c #bc & #bh4 ,s ,tacitus contra/s ! #8securum et quietum ,v]gilii secessum' ) ! #8inquieta et anxia oratorum vita' ,dial4 #ac3 cp4 sec$it animus 9 loca pura atque innoc5tia #ab4 durescat articulus keeps up ! figure ( a?letic conte/s4 ,articulus is prop]ly a little limb3 !n esp4 ! f+]4 ,cp4 ii4 #ab1 #b excipit adv]s>ii mollis articulus 7( ! gladiator h&l+ 8 sword ) flexible f+]s1 :i* l xi4 #a1 #gj 7quam molli articulo tractavit ,catonem7 po9ts to a prov]bial expression4 cotidiana pugna retundatur3 cp4 #a #bg velut attrita cotidiano actu =5si +5ia optime r]um talium bl&itia rep>antur ) ! passage f pro ,ar*ia #ab quot$ !re4 ,pl9y1 ,epi/4 vii4 #i1 #g ,scio nunc tibi esse praecipuum /udium or&i3 s$ non ideo semp] pugnacem et quasi bellatorium /ilum suas]im4 ,ut enim t]rae v>iis mutatisque sem9ibus1 ita +5ia no/ra nunc hac nunc illa m$itatione recoluntur4 quem ad modum 444 sic4 ,cp4 iii4 #f1 #cc3 v4 #aj1 #abe3 ix4 #b1 #df1 & 7) ita7 ii4 #e1 #a4 ,9 ! in/ance 9 ! text1 h[ev]1 !re is no comp>ison betwe5 two diff]5t subjects3 ! two clauses are p>allel4 ,ut 444 ita w\ld h be5 m usual3 #c #bh3 sicut 444 ita #a #a4 ,v3#ag ,s$ quem ad modum =5sibus c]tam9ibus ex]citatos et quasi militantes reficit ac rep>at haec velut sag9a dic5di1 sic adulesc5tes non deb5t nimium 9 falsa r]um imag9e det9]i1 et inanibus simulacris usque adeo ut difficilis ab 8 digressus sit adsuesc]e1 ne ab illa1 9 qua prope cons5u]unt1 umbra v]a #afd discrim9a velut qu5dam solem re=mid5t4 #ag4 =5sibus c]tam9ibus ex]citatos3 ,petron4 #aah =5sibus m9i/]iis ex]citati frequ5t] ad c>m9is tranquillitatem tamquam ad portum feliciorem refug]unt4 quasi militantes3 #a #bi1 #ca1 #gi4 haec velut sag9a dic5di3 #8?is ri* food ( eloqu5ce4' ,cp4 iucundioribus epulis #ae above3 gladiatoria sag9a ,tac4 ,hi/4 ii4 #hh4 falsa r]um imag9e1 i4e4 ! declamations1 :i* 9 contra/ ) ! reality ( #8=5ses actiones' are m]e %ams3 cp4 note on ad v]itatem accommodatae #ad3 xii4 #aa1 #ae quid att9et tam multis annis 444 declamit>e 9 s*ola et tantum laboris 9 rebus falsis consum]e1 cum satis sit modico tempore imag9em v]i discrim9is et dic5di leges comp]isse4 ,cp4 ii4 #aj1 #d3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ce quidquid 9 s*olis cotidie agitur1 9 =o vel r>o vel nunquam3 #cd nec praeceptor de]at 444 qui faciem eloqu5tiae non imag9em prae/>et4 ,cp4 #b #ab above4 inanibus simulacris3 ii4 #aj #h quibusdam pugnae simulacris ad v]um discrim5 aciemque iu/am consuescimus4 ,= ! read+ see ,crit4 ,notes4 ab illa 444 umbra3 i4e4 9 com+ out ( x4 ,juv5al vii4 #agc ad pugnam qui rhetorica desc5dit ab umbra4 ,= ab 9 s5se ( po/ cp4 ,livy xliv4 #cd ab 8 praeceptis contionem dimisit3 ,introd4 p4 lii4 9 qua prope cons5u]unt3 xii4 #f1 #e non nulli s5es 9 s*ola facti /up5t novitate cum 9 iudicia v5]unt4 umbra 444 solem4 ,! %ady retreat ( ! s*ool is con/antly comp>$ ) ! du/ & sun ( real life4 ,cic]o1 de ,leg4 iii4 #f1 #ad a ,!ophra/o ,phal]eus ille ,demetrius 444 mirabilit] doctr9am ex umbraculis eruditorum otioque non modo 9 solem atque 9 pulv]em1 s$ 9 ipsum discrim5 aciemque produxit3 ,brut4 #cg process]at 9 solem et pulv]em non ut e milit>i tab]naculo s$ ut e ,!ophra/i doctissimi hom9is umbraculis3 de #fd 7umbratilis--#8cloi/ral'74 ,s #8umbraticavita' ,qu9t4 i4 #b1 #ah3 #8/udia 9 umbra educata' #afd ,tac4 ,ann4 xiv4 #ec3 #8umbraticas litt]as' ,pl9y1 ,epi/4 ix4 #b1 #c-d1 opp4 to #8arma ca/ra cornua tubas sudorem pulv]em soles'3 ,m4 ,s5eca ,contr4 ix4 pr4 #d itaque velut ex umbroso et obscuro prodeuntes loco cl>ae lucis fulgor obcaecat1 sic i/os a s*olis 9 =um transeuntes omnia tanquam nova et inusitata p]turbant4 ,= analogies 9 ,greek cp4 ,plat4 ,pha$rus #bci c4 1 ) ,?ompson's note4 ,v3#ah ,quod accidisse etiam ,m4 ,porcio ,latroni1 qui primus cl>i nom9is pr(essor fuit1 traditur1 ut1 cum ei summam 9 s*olis op9ionem obt95ti causa 9 =o esset or&a1 imp5se peti]it uti subsellia 9 basilicam transf]r5tur4 ,ita illi caelum novum fuit ut omnis #afe eius eloqu5tia cont9]i tecto ac p>ietibus vid]etur4 #ah4 ,quod 444 ut4 ,! pron\n is "h us$ pleona/ically1 to lead up to ! dep5d5t clause4 ,cp4 #a #eh4 ,m4 ,porcius ,latro1 a celebrat$ rhetorician 9 ! reign ( ,augu/us1 ! fri5d & compatriot ( ! eld] ,s5eca1 :o praises him greatly 7,controv4 i4 pr4 #ac sq474 ,( 8 pupils ,ovid 0 ! mo/ di/+ui%$4 #8,9 8 s*ool he 0 accu/om$ to declaim himself1 & seldom set 8 pupils to declaim1 :5ce !y receiv$ ! "n ( auditores1 :i* ^w came gradually into use z synonym\s ) discipuli4' 7,smi?1 ,dict47 pr(essor is po/-,augu/an3 x 0 us$ ( a public tea*] ( rhetoric1 & !n acquir$ a m ext5d$ s5se3 ,qu9t4 xii4 #aa1 #bj geometrae et musici et grammatici cet]>umque artium pr(essores3 ii4 #aa1 #a exemplo magni quoque nom9is pr(essorum4 ,pr(it]i ) acc4 is q ,cic]onian3 ,tusc4 ii4 #ab quod 9 eo ipso peccet cuius pr(itetur sci5tiam3 ibid41 artemque vitae pr(essus del9quit 9 vita4 ,! introduction ( pr(essor 0 help$ by ! fact t ! v]b came to be us$ absolutely 773 ,pl94 ,ep4 iv4 #aa1 #a audi/9e ,val]ium ,lic9ianum 9 ,sicilia pr(it]i8 ibid4 #ad translatus e/ 9 ,siciliam ubi nunc pr(itetur3 cp4 ,pl94 ii4 #ah1 #c4 op9ionem exi/imationem1 famam1 ) :i* x is (t5 jo9$4 ,= ?is absolute use cp4 #g #ag bel[3 fructu laudis op9ionisque3 i4 #b1 #d exempla 444 cons]vatae op9ionis3 ii4 #ab1 #e adf]t et i/a res op9ionem3 xii4 #i1 #d cupidissimis op9ionis4 ,s too ,tac4 ,dial4 #aj ne op9io quidem et fama1 cui soli s]viunt4 ,9 ,cic]o & ,caes>1 :o also use ! ^w absolutely1 !re is always an impli$ ref]5ce to ^? :o h ! op9io3 a man's #8e/eem' & #8reputation' dep5d on ! #8e/imate' & #8op9ion' =m$ ( him by o!rs4 ,cp4 ,videor enim non solum /udium ad def5d5das causas1 v]um op9ionis aliquid et auctoritatis aff]re1 pro ,sulla iii4 #aj1 ) op9ione =tasse non nulla quam de meis moribus habebat1 de ,amic4 #cj3 detracta op9ione probitatis 7#8"* =' high pr9ciple7 de ,(f4 ii4 #cd1 & op9io iu/itiae 7"* = ju/ice71 ibid4 #ci1 ) quorum de iu/itia magna esset op9io multitud9is ibid4 #db4 ,s too de ,orat4 ii4 #aef op9ionem i/orum /udiorum et suspicionem artificii apud eos qui res iudic5t oratori adv]s>iam esse arbitror4 ,! passages 9 ,caes> are all r$ucible to ?is #8passive' s5se1--! e/imate ent]ta9$ by o!rs3 ,b4,g4 ii4 #h propt] eximiam op9ionem virtutis3 ii4 #bd ,treviri quorum int] ,gallos virtutis op9io e/ s+ul>is3 iv4 #af uti op9ione et amicitia populi ,romani tuti esse poss9t3 vi4 #bd quae g5s 444 summam habet iu/itiae et bellicae laudis op9ionem3 cp4 vii4 #ei & #hc4 ,cp4 ,introd4 p4 xliv4 subsellia 444 transf]r5tur1 #8t ! c\rt %\ld remove4' ,= ?is g5]al s5se ( subsellia cp4 ,cic4 ,brutus #bhi subsellia gr&iorem et pl5iorem vocem desid]ant3 de ,orat4 i4 #cb & #bfd 7habit>e 9 subselliis1 to #8haunt ! law-c\rts'74 ,! ^w sometimes means ! b5* ( judges1 sometimes ! seats ( ! lawy]s1 suitors1 witnesses1 c41 & sometimes bo?3 ,cic4 9 ,vat94 #cd1 pro ,rosc4 ,am]4 #ag 7accusatorum subsellia71 ad ,fam4 xiii4 #aj1 #b 7v]satus 9 utrisque subselliis74 ,9 ,qu9tilian ! ^w is nev] us$ except ( ! law-c\rts4 basilicam4 ,! basilicae erect$ 9 or ne> ! =um s]v$ z c\rts ( ju/ice z well z places = m]*ants & bus9ess p to meet 94 ,see ,ri*4 ,dict4 ,antiq4--,= ! incid5t cp4 ,s54 ,controv4 iv4 pr4 ,n>ratur 444 declamatoriae virtutis ,latronem ,porcium unicum exemplum1 cum pro reo 9 ,hispania ,ru/ico ,porcio prop9quo suo #afe dic]et1 usque eo esse confusum ut a soloecismo incip]et nec ante potuisse confirm>i1 tectum ac p>ietes desid]antem1 quam impetravit ut iudicium ex =o 9 basilicam transf]retur4 ,usque eo +5ia 9 s*ola/icis ex]citationibus delicate nutriuntur ut clamorem sil5tium risum caelum d5ique pati nesciant4 ,v3#ai ,qu>e iuv5is qui rationem inv5i5di eloqu5dique a praeceptoribus dilig5t] accep]it 7quod non e/ inf9iti op]is1 si doc]e sciant et vel9t71 ex]citationem quoque modicam fu]it consecutus1 oratorem sibi aliquem1 quod apud maiores fi]i solebat1 deligat1 quem sequatur1 quem imitetur3 iudiciis int]sit quam plurimis1 et sit c]tam9is cui de/9atur frequ5s spectator4 #ai4 inv5i5di eloqu5dique cov]s briefly ! :ole field ( !oretical rhetoric4 apud maiores3 xii4 #aa1 #e frequ5tabunt v]o eius domum optimi iuv5es m vet]um et v]e dic5di viam velut ex oraculo pet5t4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cd ,ergo apud maiores no/ros iuv5is ille qui =o et eloqu5tiae p>abatur1 imbutus iam dome/ica discipl9a1 ref]tus hone/is /udiis1 d$ucebatur a patre vel a prop9quis ad eum oratorem qui pr9cipem 9 civitate locum obt9ebat4 ,hunc sect>i1 hunc prosequi1 huius omnibus dictionibus int]esse1 sive 9 iudiciis sive 9 contionibus1 adsuescebat1 ita ut alt]cationes quoque excip]et et iurgiis int]esset utque sic dix]im pugn>e 9 proelio disc]et4 ,s ,cic]o tells u 9 ,brut4 *4 #hi h[ he s\ght e opportunity ( he>+ ! di/+ui%$ speak]s ( 8 day3 #cje reliquos frequ5t] audi5s ac]rimo /udio t5eb> cotidieque et scrib5s et leg5s et comm5tans oratoriis tantum ex]citationibus cont5tus non eram4 iudiciis int]sit3 ,cic4 ,brut4 #cjd cui 7iudicio7 frequ5s ad]am4 ,v3#bj ,tum causas1 vel easdem quas agi audi]it1 /ilo et ipse componat1 vel etiam alias1 v]as modo1 et utrimque tractet et1 quod 9 gladiatoribus fi]i videmus1 decretoriis ex]ceatur1 ut fecisse ,brutum diximus pro ,milone4 ,melius hoc quam rescrib]e vet]ibus orationibus1 ut fecit ,ce/ius contra ,cic]onis actionem habitam pro eodem1 cum alt]am p>tem satis nosse non posset ex sola def5sione4 #aff #bj4 et ipse3 frequ5t 9 ,livy1 l ipse quoque 4 ,cic]o uses ipse1 ipse etiam 7etiam ipse74 ,cp4 on #d3 #g #bf4 utrimque3 #a #bb4 9 gladiatoribus3 xi4 #c1 #ff nutus 444 9 mutis pro s]mone sunt4 ,cp4 ,caes4 ,b4,c4 i4 #fa ,caes>is erat 9 b>b>is nom5 obscurius4 decretoriis1 sc4 armis1 #8decisive' or #8real weapons'3 ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #aag1 #be ,r5ove i/a lusoria arma1 decretoriis opus e/4 ,cp4 vi4 #d1 #f pugnamque illam decretoriam imp]itis ac saepe pullatae turbae rel9quunt4 ,suet4 ,calig4 #ed has #8pugnatoria1' sc4 arma3 opp4 to #8rudes1' z ,tac4 ,dial4 #cd adv]s>ii et aemuli f]ro1 non rudibus dimicantes1 & ,cic4 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,orat4 vi4 #ag non enim 9 acie v]satur et f]ro1 s$ quasi rudibus eius eludit oratio4 ,qu9t4 v4 #ab1 #ag declamationes quibus ad pugnam =5sem velut praepilatis ex]c]i solebamus4 diximus3 #a #bc1 :]e see note4 rescrib]e3 4 ,tac4 ,ann4 iv4 #cd1 ( ,caes>'s #8,anticato1' ,cic]onis libro 444 dictator ,caes> 444 rescripta oratione velut apud iudices respondit4 ,! ^w is common 9 ?is s5se 9 ,suetonius3 ,caes4 #gc1 ,calig4 #ec1 ,gram4 #ai2 cp4 ,aug4 #he4 ,ce/ius3 ,s54 ,contr4 iii4 pr4 #ac 7,cic]onis7 orationes non legunt nisi eas quibus ,ce/ius rescripsit4 ,l4 ,ce/ius ,pius taught rhetoric at ,rome t[>ds ! end ( ! ,republic & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,empire4 ,s5eca has pres]v$ sev]al passages ( 8 declamations4 ,8 ho/ile criticisms ( ,cic]o 7 av5g$ on him by ,cic]o's son3 ,s54 ,suas4 #g1 #ac4 ,see ,teuffel1 #bfc #f4 #aff ,v3#ba ,citius autem idoneus erit iuv5is1 quem praeceptor coeg]it 9 declam&o quam simillimum esse v]itati et p] totas ire mat]ias1 qu>um nunc facillima et maxime favorabilia dec]punt4 ,ob/ant huic1 quod secundo loco posui1 f]e turba discipulorum et consuetudo classium c]tis diebus audi5d>um1 nonnihil etiam p]suasio patrum num]antium potius declamationes quam ae/imantium4 #ba4 p] totas ire mat]ias4 ,?is use ( ! prep4 aft] ire ) an acc4 ( ext5t ov] :i* spee*1 ?\ght1 or feel+ travels1 is poetical 7,a54 i4 #cge7 & po/-classical4 ,cp4 vii4 #a1 #fd3 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cb4 favorabilia1 #8popul>'2 frequ5t 9 ,qu9tilian1 :o also has favorabilit]4 ,! ^w is fir/ f\nd 9 ,velleius1 also 9 ,tacitus & ,pl9y4 quod secundo loco posui1 i4e4 ! practice ( treat+ a subject ?or\ghly3 p] totas ire mat]ias4 ,:at he recomm5ds primo loco is giv5 9 #ai-bj4 ,= ! =mula cp4 vii4 #b1 #i3 ix4 #b1 #f4 classium3 n us$ 9 ?is s5se be=e ! ,silv] ,age2 i4 #b1 #bc ,non inutilem scio s]vatum esse a praeceptoribus morem1 qui cum pu]os 9 classes di/ribu]ant1 ord9em dic5di secundum vires +5ii dabant1 et ita sup]iore loco quisque declamabat ut praec$]e pr(ectu videbatur4 ,huius rei iudicia praebebantur3 ea nobis +5s palma1 duc]e v]o classem multo pul*]rimum4 p]suasio3 frequ5t 9 ?is s5se 9 ,qu9tilian2 = exx4 see ,bonnell's ,lex4 ,tac4 ,agric4 #aa4 sup]/itionum p]suasione4 ,! int]f]5ce ( p>5ts is comm5t$ on also 9 ii4 #g1 #a ,illud ex consuetud9e mut&um prorsus exi/imo 9 iis1 de quibus nunc diss]imus1 aetatibus1 ne omnia quae scrips]9t ediscant et c]ta1 ut moris e/1 die dicant3 quod quidem maxime patres exigunt atque ita demum /ud]e lib]os suos1 si quam frequ5tissime declamav]9t1 cr$unt1 cum pr(ectus praecipue dilig5tia con/et4 ,v3#bb ,s$1 quod dixi primo1 ut arbitror1 libro1 nec ille se bonus praeceptor maiore num]o quam su/9]e possit on]abit et nimiam loquacitatem recidet1 ut omnia quae sunt 9 controv]sia1 non1 ut quidam volunt1 quae 9 r]um natura1 dicantur2 et vel longiore potius di]um spatio laxabit dic5di necessitatem vel mat]ias divid]e p]mittet4 #bb4 primo 444 libro3 i4 #b1 #ae neque praeceptor bonus maiore se turba quam ut su/9]e eam possit on]av]it4 recidet4 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #ddg ambitiosa recidet ornam5ta3 ,sat4 ,i4 #aj1 #fi recid]et omne quod ultra ,p]fectum trah]etur4 laxabit c43 #8he w ei!r ext5d ! p]iod )9 :i* speak+ is compulsory1 or all[ ! pupil to di/ribute 8 matt] ov] sev]al days4' dic5di necessitatem3 cp4 remissa 444 ciborum atque ex]citationum c]ta necessitate #ae1 above4 ,?is w\ld break 9 on ! #8consuetudo classium c]tis diebus &i5d>um' ref]r$ to 9 #ba4 mat]ias divid]e1 i4e4 he w all[ ! subject to be treat$ ( 9 p>ts on successive declamation days4 ,v3#bc ,dilig5t] effecta plus prod]it quam plures in*oatae et quasi degu/atae4 ,propt] quod accidit #afg ut nec suo loco quidque ponatur1 nec illa quae prima sunt s]v5t suam legem1 iuv5ibus flosculos omnium p>tium 9 ea quae sunt dicturi cong]5tibus2 quo fit ut tim5tes ne sequ5tia p]dant priora confundant4 #bc4 effecta4 ,!re is ! same anti!sis v4 #ac1 #cd ut 444 pro effectis rel9quant vixdum in*oata4 in*oatae3 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #aec cognitio manca atqne in*oata 7#8imp]fect'73 de ,nat4 ,deor4 ii4 #cc a primis in*oatisque naturis ad ultimas p]fectasque proc$]e3 de ,orat4 i4 #e in*oata ac rudia4 degu/atae3 cp4 g5]a degu/amus #a #ajd2 ! ^w means #8dip into1' #8skim ov]4' ,propt] quod3 see on #a #ff1 ,! idea conta9$ 9 ! relative is ! sup]ficial me?ods allud$ to 9 degu/atae3 cp4 facillima et maxime favorabilia dec]punt #ba4 ,:5 su* me?ods are adopt$1 says ,qu9tilian1 ev]y?+ is sure to g wrong4 #afg s]v5t suam legem3 ! comm5cem5t 7illa quae prima sunt3 cp4 priora bel[7 is n :at x %\ld be3 x goes beyond reasonable limits1 z ! "y m5 cr[d toge!r 9 ! "p ea* is to deliv] ! embelli%m5ts t w\ld naturally be di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole 7omnium p>tium71 if ! production 7 dilig5t] effecta & n m]ely in*oata et quasi degu/ata4 flosculos3 ii4 #e1 #bb rec5tis huius lasciviae flosculis capti4 ,! ^w is always us$ 9 a depreciatory s5se3 xii4 #aj1 #gc3 vi4 pr4 #i3 7opp4 to c]tos fructus74 ,cp4 ,s5eca1 ,ep4 #cc #a & #g viro capt>e flosculos turpe e/4 tim5tes3 ! fe> t !y w n be able to f9i% makes !m introduce into ! e>li] p>ts inapposite & confus+ embelli%m5ts4 priora confundant p]misceant ea rebus ali5is1 i4e4 ) ! ornam5tation t w\ld h be5 m appropriate lat] on4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,m$itation4 ,de ,cogitatione4 ,,vi3#a ,,vi4 ,proxima /ilo cogitatio e/1 quae et ipsa vires ab hoc accipit et e/ int] scrib5di laborem extemporalemque =tunam m$ia qua$am et nescio an usus frequ5tissimi4 ,nam scrib]e non ubique nec semp] possumus1 cogitationi temporis ac loci plurimum e/4 ,haec paucis admodum horis magnas etiam causas complectitur2 haec1 quoti5s int]missus e/ somnus1 ipsis noctis t5ebris adiuvatur2 haec int] m$ios r]um actus aliquid inv5it vacui nec otium patitur4 #a4 /ilo3 see on #a #b4 cogitatio1 #8prem$itation'3 cp4 comm5tatio 7#8prep>ation'7 & m$itatio4 ,s ii4 #f1 #c3 & bel[1 #g #h4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #ajc ita adsequor ut alio tempore cogitem quid dicam et alio dicam 444 s$ c]te eidem illi melius aliquanto dic]5t si aliud sum5dum sibi tempus ad cogit&um aliud ad dic5dum put>5t3 cp4 id4 i4 #aej etsi utile e/ etiam subito saepe dic]e1 tam5 illud utilius sumpto spatio ad cogit&um p>atius atque adcuratius dic]e 444 nam si subitam et =tuitam orationem comm5tatio et cogitatio facile v9cit1 hanc ipsam pr(ecto adsidua ac dilig5s scriptura sup]abit4 ,cp4 ,brutus #bec4 et ipsa3 #8likewise1' i4e4 z well z ! facultas ex tempore dic5di1 :i*1 z /at$ 9 #c #a-d1 d]ives its /r5g? ma9ly f ! p54 ,see on #a #ca4 extemporalemque =tunam3 #8! *ances ( improvisation1' :i* dep5ds s mu* on ! inspiration ( ! mom5t 7=tunam opp4 to laborem73 #8=tunam quam ex tempore dic5tes exp]imur' 7,krg]74 ,cp4 #e1 #f3 & #g #ac successum extemporalem4 m$ia qua$am3 cp4 xi4 #b1 #c memoria 444 quasi m$ia qua$am manus4 nescio an3 see on #a #fe4 somnus3 cp4 #c #be4 r]um actus1 z int] ipsas actiones xii4 #c1 #b1 #89 ! mid/ ( legal proce$+s1' & s r m special ?an actum rei #a #ca1 :]e see note4 ,cp4 esp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 ix4 #be1 #c ,nunc me r]um actus modice s$ tam5 di/r+it3 & ,suet4 ,aug4 #cb trig9ta amplius dies 444 actis r]um accommodavit4 ,9 xi4 #a1 #dg actus is aga9 q g5]al3 9 cet]is actibus vitae4 otium3 #8inactivity4' ,a good advocate w be able to ?9k out a spee* ev5 :ile a trial is go+ on4 ,,vi3#b ,neque v]o r]um ord9em modo1 quod ipsum satis erat1 intra se ipsa disponit1 s$ v]ba etiam #afh copulat totamque ita contexit orationem ut ei nihil praet] manum desit2 nam memoriae quoque pl]umque inha]et fidelius quod nulla scrib5di securitate laxatur4 ,s$ ne ad hanc quidem vim cogit&i p]v5iri pote/ aut subito aut cito4 #b4 satis erat3 see on #e #g fas erat4 intra se ipsa1 #8by itself'3 !re is no ne$ = any rec\rse to writ+4 ,?is is #afh q p>allel to su* expressions z #8virtus p] se ipsa placet1' & #8m$ici ipsi se cur>e non possunt1' :]e ! t5d5cy is to keep ipse 9 ! nom9ative s z to emphasise ! subject4 ,cp4 #e #b3 #c #cj4 scrib5di securitate4 ,cp4 ! /ory ( ,!u? & ,?amus1 ,pha$rus #bgd sq41 esp4 #bge ,a 1 1 4443 xi4 #b1 #i quamquam inv5io apud ,platonem ob/>e memoriae usum litt]>um3 videlicet quod illa quae scriptis reposuimus velut cu/odire des9imus1 et ipsa securitate dimittimus4 ,reliance on writt5 memor&a1 he says1 may 9 ! end make ! m9d incapable ( reta9+ by a special ef=t :at c be at any "t recall$ by a glance at ! pap]4 vim cogit&i3 see on vim dic5di #a #a4 ,= ! ?\ght cp4 #c #i4 ,,vi3#c ,nam primum faci5da multo /ilo =ma e/1 quae nos etiam cogitantes sequatur3 tum adsum5dus usus paulatim1 ut pauca primum complectamur animo1 quae r$di fidelit] poss9t3 mox p] increm5ta tam modica ut on]>i se labor ille non s5tiat aug5da vis et ex]citatione multa cont95da e/1 quae quidem maxima ex p>te memoria con/at4 ,ideoque aliqua mihi 9 illum locum diff]5da sunt4 #c4 =ma1 a patt]n1 model1 or ideal3 we mu/ #8=m our /yle' by con/ant writ+1 & atta9 to ! ease describ$ 9 #c #i v]ba respondebunt1 compositio sequetur1 cuncta d5ique ut 9 familia b5e in/ituta 9 (ficio erunt4 ,= fac]e =mam cp4 #c #bh faci5dus usus4 on]>i3 ! lab\r is n p]ceptibly increas$4 ,s xi4 #b1 #da1 ( ex]cis+ ! memory1 turn cotidie adic]e 7decet7 s+ulos v]sus1 quorum accessio labori s5sum increm5ti non adf]at4 9 illum locum3 memory is treat$ 9 xi4 #b4 ,,vi3#d ,eo t&em p]v5it ut is cui non refragetur +5ium acri /udio adiutus tantum consequatur ut ei tam quae cogit>it quam quae scrips]it atque edidic]it 9 dic5do fidem s]v5t4 ,cic]o c]te ,graecorum ,metrodorum ,scepsium et ,empylum ,rhodium no/rorumque ,hort5sium tradidit quae cogitav]ant ad v]bum 9 ag5do rettulisse4 #d4 p]v5it1 sc4 vis1 j z 9 #g #ai facilitas extemporalis is g5]ally suppli$4 ei 444 fidem s]v5t3 #8keep _! fai? ) him1' i4e4 are z mu* at 8 comm& :5 he comes to speak z1 c4 c]te3 see ,introd4 p4 li4 ,metrodorus ( ,scepsis 9 ,mysia1 a philosoph] ( ! ,academic s*ool1 & a pupil ( ,c>neades4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #cfj vidi enim ego summos hom9es et div9a prope memoria1 ,a!nis ,*>madam1 9 ,asia1 quem viv]e hodie aiunt1 ,scepsium ,metrodorum1 quorum ut]que tamquam litt]is 9 c]a1 sic se aiebat imag9ibus 9 eis locis quos hab]et quae mem9isse vellet p]scrib]e4 ,cp4 ,tusc4 i4 #ei4 ,empylus is n[h]e else m5tion$4 ,hort5sium3 ,brut4 #cja memoria 7erat7 tanta quantam 9 nullo cognovisse me arbitror1 ut quae secum comm5tatus esset ea s9e scripto v]bis eisdem r$d]et quibus cogitavisset3 hoc adium5to ille tanto sic utebatur ut sua et comm5tata et scripta et nullo ref]5te omnia adv]s>iorum dicta mem9isset4 ,cp4 xi4 #b1 #bd4 ad v]bum4 ,cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 ix4 #cf1 #a cogito ad v]bum scrib5ti em5dantique similis4 ,,vi3#e ,s$ si =te aliqui int] dic5dum (fuls]it extemporalis color1 #afi non sup]/itiose cogitatis demum e/ inha]5dum4 ,neque enim tantum hab5t curae ut non sit d&us et =tunae locus1 cum saepe etiam scriptis ea quae subito nata sunt ins]antur4 ,ideoque totum hoc ex]citationis g5us ita in/itu5dum e/ ut et digr$i ex eo et r$ire 9 id facile possimus4 #e4 si 444 aliqui3 see on #b #bc4 extemporalis color1 a sudd5 inspiration1 #afi or #8happy ?\ght'3 ! notion ( sudd5ness be+ conta9$ 9 (fuls]it4 ,color mu/ c>ry ! idea "h ( some?+ t #8sets (f' ! subject1--an unprem$itat$ turn ( expression1 embody+ a ?\ght :i* sudd5ly fla%es on ! speak]'s m9d4 ,9 ! ,bonnell-,mei/] edition x is said to d5ote ! p>ticul> complexion giv5 to ! /yle by happy improvisation3 b ?is seems too wide = :at may be only an occasional div]g5ce f ! writt5 ^w4 ,krg] takes x z ! ab/ract = #8id quod habet colorem extemporalem' 7dictorum ex tempore73 a ?\ght or expression :i* sudd5ly occurs1 & :i* has on x ! m>k ( improvisation4 ,cp4 #8extemporalem =tunam' #a1 & #8scriptorum color' #g #g1 :i* pres5ts a sort ( anti!sis to #8extemporalis color'3 also #a #ei1 #aaf ) ! notes4 sup]/itiose3 i4 #a1 #ac non tam5 hoc adeo sup]/itiose fi]i velim4 demum3 see on #a #dd3 ,introd4 p4 li4 ,traian4 ad ,pl94 ,ep4 #aj1 #cc ,nobis autem utilitas demum spect&a e/4 hab5t1 sc4 cogitata4 ,:at we prem$itate is n s accurately ?\ght out z to leave no room = extempor>y *ance 7=tuna1 cp4 on #a74 scriptis3 ev5 9 writt5 spee*es1 on :i* a great] degree ( cura has be5 be/[$1 sudd5 inspirations 7subito nata7 are (t5 introduc$ dur+ deliv]y4 ,,vi3#f ,nam ut primum e/ domo adf]re p>atam dic5di copiam et c]tam1 ita refut>e temporis mun]a longe /ultissimum e/4 ,qu>e cogitatio 9 hoc praep>etur1 ut nos =tuna decip]e non possit1 adiuv>e possit4 ,id autem fiet memoriae viribus1 ut illa quae complexi animo sumus fluant secura1 non sollicitos et respici5tes et una spe susp5sos recordationis non s9ant provid]e3 alioqui vel extemporalem tem]itatem malo quam male coha]5tem cogitationem4 #f4 domo adf]re3 #8br+ f ! /udy'2 cp4 #g #cj quae domo adf]unt3 ,cic]o1 ,orat4 #hi domo adlata quae pl]umque sunt frigida4 refut>e repudi>e1 #8reject1' #8despise1' ! inspirations ( ! mom5t 7temporis mun]a74 ,cic4 ,tusc4 ii4 #ee inprimisque refutetur ac reiciatur ,philocteteus ille clamor3 pro ,rab4 ,po/4 #dd quam 444 bonitatem 444 non modo non asp]n>i ac refut>e s$ complecti etiam et aug]e debetis4 9 hoc3 see on #e #aa4 decip]e3 #8nonplus' or emb>rass u3 make u to /umble4 ,! *ance op5+ mu/ n f9d u unequipp$ ) well-%ap$ ?\ghts3 we mu/ be ready to improve our opportunity4 non 444 non s9ant4 ,! d\ble negative hamp]s ! clause1 ?\gh x is simplifi$ by mak+ non s9ant prohibeant4 ,krg] comp>es ix4 #c1 #gb4 ,aft] ! fir/ non ! words fiet ut illa mu/ be repeat$1 or simply ut4 ,tr4 #8,x is by our p[]s ( memory t we mu/ secure ! easy fl[ ( :at we h =mulat$ 9 ?\ght1 in/ead ( lett+ x keep u f look+ ahead by anxi\s backw>d glances & ! consci\sness ( be+ absolutely dep5d5t on :at we c recall to m9d4' ,! la/ phrase describes a famili> /yle ( oratory1 ref]r+ z x does to ^? speak]s #8qui appr5n5t p> cur et sont p>alyss p> la cra9te de re/] c\rt4'--,fnelon1 quot$ by ,hild4 extemporalem tem]itatem1 #8! ra%ness ( improvisation'3 cp4 #a above4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #f ,s$ extemporalis audaciae atque ipsius tem]itatis vel praecipua iucunditas e/4--,= alioqui1 see ,introd4 p4 li4 ,,vi3#g ,peius enim qua]itur retrorsus1 quia1 dum illa desid]amus1 ab aliis #agj av]timur1 et ex memoria potius res petimus quam ex mat]ia4 ,plura sunt autem1 si utrimque qua]5dum e/1 quae inv5iri possunt quam quae inv5ta sunt4 #g4 ,peius enim qua]itur retrorsus3 #8we are at a disadvantage 9 look+ back4' ,x w\ld be bett] to ?r[ ov] our prem$itat$ ideas altoge!r3 :ile we are at a loss = !m 7illa7 we miss o!rs4 #agj utrimque1 i4e4 ex memoria & ex mat]ia3 cp4 #a #aca & #e #bj4 ,to ! =m] corresponds *ia/ically quae inv5ta sunt1 to ! latt] quae inv5iri possunt4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,extempore ,spee*4 ,quem ad modum extemporalis facilitas p>etur et cont9eatur4 ,,vii3#a ,,vii4 ,maximus v]o /udiorum fructus e/ et velut praemium quoddam amplissimum longi laboris ex tempore dic5di facultas2 quam qui non erit consecutus mea quidem s5t5tia civilibus (ficiis r5untiabit et solam scrib5di facultatem potius ad alia op]a conv]tet4 ,vix enim bonae fidei viro conv5it auxilium 9 publicum pollic]i quod praes5tissimis quibusque p]iculis desit1 intr>e portum ad quem navis acc$]e nisi l5ibus v5tis vecta non possit1-- #a4 civilibus (ficiis3 see note on #c #aa4 r5untiabit 444 conv]tet3 ! future z a mild imp]ative4 ,cp4 #a #da1 #eh3 #c #ah4 ,= ?is use ( r5unti>e cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 ii4 #a1 #h4 9 publicum1 #8= g5]al use1' #8= ! common good1' #8= ! b5efit ( all & sundry4' ,! phrase is =m$ on ! analogy ( su* expressions z #89 publicum1' #89 commune consul]e1'--= ! b5efit ( ! /ate & ! citiz54 ,cp4 vi4 #a1 #g 9 commune pr(utura4 ,introd4 p4 xlvii4 intr>e portum4 ,! inf94 dep5ds on conv5it4 ,= a simil>ly abrupt introduction ( a figure 9 connection )1 or to illu/rate1 ! prec$+ ?\ght cp4 #a #d3 #c #aj 7omitt+ ,burmann's et be=e eff]5tes74 ,! mean+ is g5]ally und]/ood to be t ! advocate :o und]takes legal bus9ess1 ?\gh he has no p[] ( extempore speak+1 is z unconscionable z ! pilot 7cp4 ! simile 9 #c7 :o engages to /e] a %ip into a h>b\r t c only be approa*$ 9 mild wea!r4 ,! "o =gets t sudd5 em]g5cies may arise1 call+ = a p[] :i* he does n possess2 ! o!r does n take into consid]ation ! sudd5 /orms :i* may r5d] 8 poor skill ( no avail4--,hirt h[ev] 7,jahr4 des philol4 ,v]e9s zu ,b]l9 #ahhh1 p4 #ed7 po9ts out t ?is is to /ra9 intr>e3 ,qu9tilian _c h meant to say t x #8%[s bad fai? to ent] a h>b\r :i* c only be approa*$ 9 good wea!r1'--= once y are 9 ! h>b\r all is well4 ,intr>e may be corrupt3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,,vii3#b siquidem innum]abiles accidunt subitae necessitates vel apud magi/ratus vel repraes5tatis iudiciis cont9uo ag5di4 ,qu>um si qua1 non dico cuicumque innoc5tium civium1 s$ amicorum ac prop9quorum alicui ev5]it1 /abitne mutus et salut>em pet5tibus vocem1 /atimque si non succurratur p]ituris1 #aga moras et secessum et sil5tium qua]et1 dum illa v]ba fabric5tur et memoriae insidant et vox ac latus praep>etur8 #b4 siquidem1 1 1 #bg bel[1 & (t5 9 ,qu9tilian3 #8iam apud ,cic]o nem p]9de atque quoniam inv5itur causam omnibus notam significans' 7,gn!r74 apud magi/ratus3 #89 virtue ( "s extraord9>y proc$ure1 & )\t ! day hav+ be5 appo9t$ = ! p>ties to ! suit1' ,hild4 repraes5tatis3 #8:5 a trial is sudd5ly br\ght on4' ,cp4 pecuniam repraes5t>e ante diem solv]e4 ,caes4 ,b4 ,g4 i4 #dj1 #ad se1 quod 9 longiorem diem collaturus esset1 repraes5taturum3 ,s54 ,ep4 #ie petis a me ut id quod 9 diem suam dix]am deb]e diff]ri repraes5tem4 cuicumque4 ,see on #a #ab quocunque4 pet5tibus 444 p]ituris3 dat4 ( int]e/1 aft] qua]et4 ,= ! s5se cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #bea ,hoc nos si fac]e velimus ante condemn5tur ei quorum causas recep]imus quam toti5s quoti5s praescribitur ,paeanem aut hymnum recit>imus4 #aga /atimque4 ,/atim goes ) succurratur1 r ?an ) p]ituris3 its position gives x emphasis4 ,cp4 cont9uo ag5di4 secessum et sil5tium3 #c #bh4 illa v]ba1 ironical3 illa tam egregia v]ba4 vox ac latus 7#8lungs'73 (t5 conjo9$4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,v]r4 iv4 #cj1 #fg quae vox1 quae lat]a3 ,brut4 #caf4 ,s xii4 #aa1 #b neque enim sci5tia modo con/at orator1 444 s$ voce1 lat]e1 firmitate4 ,= latus cp4 ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #g1 #bf3 xii4 #e3 ,sat4 i4 #i1 #cb4 ,,vii3#c ,quae v]o patitur hoc ratio1 ut quisquam possit orator aliqu&o omitt]e casus8 ,quid1 cum adv]s>io respond5dum erit1 fiet8 ,nam saepe ea quae op9ati sumus et contra quae scripsimus fallunt1 ac tota subito causa mutatur2 atque ut gub]natori ad incursus tempe/atium1 sic ag5ti ad v>ietatem caus>um ratio mut&a e/4 #c4 ratio3 #8!ory' ( eloqu5ce4 ,cp4 #c #ae1 :]e x is oppos$ to ex]citatio4--,o!rs expla9 z ratio non patitur1 l ratio non e/1 nulla ratio e/1 !re is no reason or s5se 9 do+1 c43 ,cic4 ,acad4 ii4 #gd ironiam enim alt]ius p]petuam praes]tim1 nulla fuit ratio p]sequi3 ib4 #ag3 9 ,v]r4 ,act4 i4 #bd3 ,caec4 #ae3 ,tac4 ,hi/4 i4 #cb3 iii4 #bb3 & ad ,h]5n4 iv4 #ah ei rationi ratio non e/ fidem hab]e4 quisquam 444 orator3 see on #b #f4 omitt]e casus3 #8to leave sudd5 issues out ( consid]ation1' i4e4 to conduct 8 case /rictly accord+ to ! l9es ( a writt5 or prem$itat$ spee*1 )\t all[+ = ! em]g5ce ( "s unexpect$ fact 9 ! evid5ce1 or "s difficulty sudd5ly rais$ by ! o!r side4 ,= casus cp4 #a #b p>atam ad omnes casus eloqu5tiam3 #c #c unde ad subitos quoque casus 444 pr(]antur 7opes71 & bel[ #cj3 vi4 #a1 #db at qui a /ilo non rec$unt aut conticescunt ad hos casus aut frequ5tissime falsa dicunt3 xii4 #i1 #bj licet tam5 praecogit>e plura et animum ad omnes casus compon]e4 fallunt3 :5 ! oppos+ c\nsel does n pursue ! l9e ( argum5t we _h anticipat$1 & aga9/ :i* we _h prep>$ a writt5 spee*4 ad incursus3 see on #b #a ad exemplum4 ,,vii3#d ,quid porro multus /ilus et adsidua lectio et longa /udiorum aetas facit1 si manet eadem quae fuit incipi5tibus difficultas8 ,p]isse pr(ecto confit5dum e/ praet]itum laborem1 cui semp] idem labor&um e/4 ,neque ego hoc ago ut ex tempore dic]e malit1 s$ ut possit4 ,id autem maxime hoc modo consequemur4 #d4 longa /udiorum aetas3 i4e4 longum tempus 9 /udiis consumptum4 ,cp4 i4 #h1 #h3 ,hor4 ,sat4 i4 #d1 #acb4 malit 444 possit3 sc4 orator4 ,= su* omissions see note on congregat #a #g3 & cp4 qua]ant #f & dicat #be bel[4 ,,vii3#e ,nota sit primum dic5di via2 neque enim prius cont+]e cursus pote/ quam sci]imus quo sit et qua p]v5i5dum4 ,nec satis e/ non ignor>e quae s9t caus>um iudicialium p>tes1 aut quae/ionum ord9em recte dispon]e1 quamquam i/a sunt praecipua1 s$ quid quoque loco primum sit1 quid secundum ac #agb de9ceps3 quae ita sunt natura copulata ut mut>i aut int]velli s9e confusione non poss9t4 #e4 dic5di via3 ! me?od1 pa?way1 or track ( ! argum5t4 neque enim c4 ,! reason is giv5 9 ! =m ( a simile3 we _c run a race )\t kn[+ ! goal & ! track1 & x is ! same ) eloqu5ce4 ,= a simil> figure cp4 #c #aj4 p>tes3 i4e4 prooemium1 n>ratio1 probatio1 refutatio1 epilogus4 ,cp4 iii4 #i1 #a4 dispon]e3 vii4 #aj1 #e quae/io omnis ac locus habet suam dispositionem4 primum 444 secundum3 vii4 #aj1 #e ,non enim causa tantum univ]sa 9 quae/iones ac locos diduc5da e/1 s$ hae #agb ipsae p>tes hab5t rursus ord9em suum4 ,nam et 9 prooemio primum e/ aliquid et secundum ac de9ceps1 c4 int]velli3 cp4 xii4 #i1 #ag4 ,,vii3#f ,quisquis autem via dicet1 ducetur ante omnia r]um ipsa s]ie velut duce1 propt] quod hom9es etiam modice ex]citati facillime t5orem 9 n>rationibus s]vant4 ,de9de quid quoque loco qua]ant sci5t1 nec circumspectabunt nec (f]5tibus se aliunde s5sibus turbabuntur nec confund5t ex div]sis orationem velut sali5tes huc illuc nec usquam insi/5tes4 #f4 via dicet3 #8me?odically'1 #8sy/ematically1' cp4 dic5di via #e4 ,s ii4 #ag1 #da via id e/ ord9e4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #df 7ait ,ari/oteles7 antea nom9em solitum via nec arte1 s$ adcurate tam5 et de scripto pl]osque dic]e3 ,orat4 #aj1 #aaf ratione et via disput>e1 doc]e3 de ,f94 ii4 #c 7oratio7 quae via quadam et ratione habetur4 ,roby #abcf4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 velut3 see on #a #e4 ,x s(t5s ! expression s]ie 444 duce1 be+ equival5t to #8ut ita dicam4' ,! collocation ducetur 444 duce is to be class$ among ! r neglig5t repetitions ( :i* a li/ is giv5 on #b #bc4 ,be*] comp>es ,cic4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 ii4 #ace depulsum et quasi detrusum cibum accepit depellit 7:]e ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor h[ev] reads delapsum73 cp4 ib4 #ade4 ,= #8s]ie duc]e' cp4 xi4 #b1 #ci etiam quae b5e composita erunt memoriam s]ie sua duc5t4 propt] quod3 see on #a #ff3 #e #bc4 qua]ant1 #8look = z matt] ( disc\rse1' z #f #g4 ,! occurr5ce ( hom9es 9 ! int]val leads up f ! s+ul> quisquis to ! plural4 s5sibus3 see on #c #cc4 confund5t ex div]sis3 #8make x a jumble ( incongruities4' huc illuc3 ,cic4 ad ,att4 ix4 #i1 #b ne 444 cursem huc illuc via det]rima4 ,,vii3#g ,po/remo habebunt modum et f9em1 qui esse citra divisionem nullus pote/4 ,expletis pro facultate omnibus quae proposu]9t1 p]v5isse se ad ultimum s5ti5t4 ,et haec quidem ex arte1 illa v]o ex /udio3 ut copiam s]monis optimi1 quem ad modum praeceptum e/1 comp>emus1 multo ac fideli /ilo sic =metur oratio ut scriptorum colorem etiam quae subito effusa s9t r$dant1 ut cum multa scrips]imus #agc etiam multa dicamus4 #g4 citra3 see on #a #b4 divisionem3 #8"h ! di/ribution ( ! matt] ( ! spee* bo? into ! g5]al divisions & subord9ate heads1 & also into ! m9ut] passages & s5t5ces2 _! ord] con/itut+ ! via dic5di4' ,frieze4 ,expletis 444 quae proposu]9t3 #8:5 !y h ov]tak5 all ! po9ts advanc$1' exhau/$ ! v>i\s heads ( _! disc\rse1 v4 #aj1 #aji nec m9us 9 hoc curae debet adhib]i quid propon5dum quam quomodo sit quod proposu]is prob&um4 haec quidem c4 ,! mean+ is t :ile ! obs]vance ( ! =ego+ precepts 7haec7 dep5ds on k ( !ory 7ars71 z embodi$ 9 specific rules & directions1 :at is n[ to come 7illa7 dem&s /udium1 i4e4 sci5tific ex]cise1 appli$ to read+1 imitation1 writ+1 & ! practice ( speak+ 7cp4 #a #a74 ,! s5t5ce is an awkw>d "o3 x is be/ expla9$ by mak+ ! ut be=e copiam co-ord9ate ) ! ut be=e cum multa scrips]imus1 & supply+ a correspond+ ut ) =metur4 ,illa !n introduces all ?ree clauses1 ! fir/ ref]r+ ma9ly to leg]e1 ! second to scrib]e1 & ! ?ird to dic]e4 ,! precepts 9 reg>d to read+ & imitation 7quemadmodum praeceptum e/7 are f\nd 9 *s4 i & ii3 writ+ is cov]$ by *s4 iii1 iv & v3 :ile spee* is dealt ) 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 fideli /ilo1 ! #8consci5ti\s practice ( composition4' scriptorum colorem3 see #f #e4 effusa s9t3 cp4 #c #ag componunt quae effud]ant4 cum multa scrips]imus4 ,! practice #agc ( speak+ 7includ+ extempore utt]ance7 is to come aft] writ+3 cp4 #a #c sq4 ,,vii3#h ,nam consuetudo et ex]citatio facilitatem maxime p>it3 quae si paulum int]missa fu]it1 non velocitas illa modo t>datur1 s$ ipsum os coit atque concurrit4 ,quamquam enim opus e/ naturali quadam mobilitate animi1 ut1 dum proxima dicimus1 /ru]e ult]iora possimus semp]que no/ram vocem provisa et =mata cogitatio excipiat2 #h4 consuetudo et ex]citatio1 ref]r+ only to ! la/-m5tion$ precept1 ut multa dicamus4 velocitas illa4 ,! demon/r4 is vivid1--#8! requisite rapidity1' t :i* we ei!r h acquir$ or hope to acquire4 os coit atque concurrit4 ,cp4 xi4 #c1 #ef e/ aliis concursus oris et cum v]bis suis colluctatio3 viii4 #c1 #de litt]a quae exprimi nisi labris coeuntibus non pote/3 xi4 #c1 #aba 8 acc$unt vitia non naturae1 s$ trepidationis1 cum ore concurr5te rix>i4 8,os concurrit cum prae anxietate dic5tis musculi oris invitis etiam trahuntur et convelluntur ut labia et l+ua quasi trepid5t40 ,wolff4 mobilitate animi3 cp4 #bb4 ,8 m9d mu/ be quick ( movem5t 9 ord] to express prop]ly :at is to be said on ! in/ant 7proxima correspond+ to no/ram vocem71 & at ! same "t be %ap+ 7/ru]e7 :at is fur!r on 7ult]iora correspond+ to provisa et =mata cogitatio74 ,tr4 proxima1 #8:at we are ab\t to say'3 no/ram vocem1 #8:at has j be5 said4' ,= provisa cp4 on #c #aj4 ,,vii3#i vix tam5 aut natura aut ratio 9 tam multiplex (ficium diduc]e animum queat ut inv5tioni1 dispositioni1 elocutioni1 ord9i r]um v]borumque1 tum iis quae dicit1 quae subiuncturus e/1 quae ultra spect&a sunt1 adhibita vocis1 pronuntiationis1 ge/us obs]vatione1 una sufficiat4 #i4 ratio1 cp4 note on #c4 quae dicit1 sc4 #8orator1' z ) sufficiat #8animus' mu/ be suppli$4 ,cp4 on #d4 vocis 444 ge/us4 ,see #a #ag = a simil> enum]ation1 & cp4 ! note4 una simul1 :i* inde$ ,halm sub/itutes = x 9 8 text4 ,,vii3#aj ,longe enim praec$at oportet int5tio ac prae se res agat1 quantumque dic5do consumitur1 tantum ex ultimo prorogetur1 ut1 donec p]v5iamus ad f9em1 non m9us prospectu proc$amus quam gradu1 si non int]si/5tes (f5santesque brevia illa atque concisa s+ultantium modo eiecturi sumus4 #agd #aj4 int5tio3 cp4 int5dunt animum #a #bd4 prae se res agat4 ,! m9d mu/ pursue or *ase1 z x 71 ! ideas t are /ill 9 front ( x1 & h !m available 9 advance4 consumitur 444 prorogetur3 expressions d]iv$ f bank+ transactions4 #8,9 proportion z ! speak] pays out1 mu/ he make advances to himself out ( :at is to come lat]4' ,= ?is use ( prorog>e see ! ,lexx4 ,ex ultimo 0 und]/ood by ,wolff to mean ex eo quod modo dictum e/3 b ,be*] 7,quae/4 ,qu9t4 p4 #i7 po9t$ out t x #8vom ,ende aus1' & correctly r5d]$ ! :ole s5t5ce #8s viel im ,r$5 drauf geht1 s viel muss er si* im ,voraus vom ,ende aus flssig ma*5 und s gewiss]mass5 se9e ,zahlungsfhigkeit lng] h9auss*ieb51'--ut ne 9 inopiam r$actus bonam copiam eiuret4 ,! speak] is to be cont9ually draw+ f 8 res]ve funds 7ex ultimo1 i4e4 f ! "p ( 8 subject-matt] t rema9s7 j s mu* z he is exp5d+ 9 deliv]y4 prospectu proc$amus3 cp4 xi4 #b1 #c nam dum alia dicimus1 quae dicturi sumus intu5da sunt3 ita cum semp] cogitatio ultra eat1 id quod e/ longius qua]it1 quidquid autem repp]it quodam modo apud memoriam deponit1 quod illa quas m$ia qua$am manus acceptum ab inv5tione tradit elocutioni4 si non 444 eiecturi sumus3 #8if we #agd want to avoid com+ to a /&/ill1 /utt]+1 & giv+ =? our %ort1 brok5 phrases1 l p]sons gasp+ out :at !y h to say4'--,= (f5santes cp4 (f5sator #c #aj3 & = brevia illa #b #ag illud frigidum et inane4 ,,vii3#aa ,e/ igitur usus quidam inrationalis1 quam ,graeci vocant1 qua manus 9 scrib5do decurrit1 qua oculi totos simul 9 lectione v]sus flexusque eorum et transitus intu5tur et ante sequ5tia vid5t quam priora dix]unt4 ,quo con/ant miracula illa 9 sca5is pil>iorum ac v5tilatorum1 ut ea quae emis]9t ultro v5ire 9 manus cr$as et qua iub5tur decurr]e4 #aa4 inrationalis3 #8me*anical1' #8unsci5tific4' ,cp4 ii4 #ae1 #bc quidam eam neque vim neque sci5tiam neque artem putav]unt1 s$ ,critolaus usum dic5di 7nam hoc significat74444 ,= ! opposition betwe5 & 7#8knack'7 see ,plato1 ,pha$rus #bfj ,e 3 ,gorgias #eja ,a 444 444 1 444 3 ib4 #dfc ,b4 manus 444 decurrit4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #acj neque enim quoti5s v]bum aliquod e/ scrib5dum nobis1 toti5s eius v]bi litt]ae sunt cogitatione conquir5dae2 nec quoti5s causa dic5da e/1 toti5s ad eius causae seposita argum5ta revolvi nos oportet1 s$ hab]e c]tos locos1 qui ut litt]ae ad v]bum scrib5dum1 sic illi ad causam explic&am /atim occurrant4 v]sus3 see on #a #ch4 flexus 444 et transitus4 ,^! words are g5]ally tak5 9 _! lit]al s5se2 b ! r5d]+ #8turns & transitions' 7#8,w5dung5 & ,ueb]gnge'7 seems n suffici5tly to expla9 ! passage4 ,may flexus n ref] "h to ! modulation ( ! voice1 z frequ5tly 9 ,qu9tilian 7v4 ,bonn4 ,lex471 & transitus to ! punctuation :i* m>ks ! passage f "o clause to ano!r8 ,9 read+ ! eye takes 9 all ?is 9 advance4 ,tr4 #8obs]ve ! intonations & ! /ops4' ,on ! o!r h& ,frieze 7:o alone ( ! comm5tators seems to h felt any difficulty73 #8! action ( ! eye itself 9 read+ is ascrib$ to ! l9es ( ! manuscript4 ,flexus seems to ref] to ! turn+ ( ! eye f ! end ( a l9e to ! beg9n+ ( ! next1 & transitus ! pass+ f "o column ( ! manuscript to ! next4' ,b ?is explanation ( transitus c h>dly be "r4 dix]unt1 sc4 lectores1--be=e ! read] has articulat$ 7to himself7 :at comes fir/1 ! eye runs on to :at foll[s4 ,= ! *ange ( subject cp4 #i4 miracula 1 #8conjur+-tricks4' pil>iorum ac v5tilatorum3 #8juggl]s & pr(essors ( leg]dema94' ,= ! =m] 7:o resembl$ ! ,indian juggl]7 see ,ri*'s ,dict4 ,ant4 s4v41 :]e a figure is %[n f a ,dipty* 9 ! ,museum at ,v]ona exhibit+ dext]\s feats ) a numb] ( balls1 #8?r[+ !m up ) bo? h&s1 cat*+ !m on1 & mak+ !m reb\nd f1 ! inn] jo9t ( ! elb[1 leg1 =ehead1 & in/ep1 s t !y kept play+ 9 a cont9u\s circle r\nd 8 p]son )\t fall+ to ! gr\nd1 z m9utely describ$ by ,manilius 7,a/ron4 #afi-aga74' ,! v5tilator 0 "o :o w9n[$ gra9 ) ! v5tilabrum 7see ,ri*4 s4v471 & s is g5]ally tak5 "h ( a juggl] #8toss+ 8 balls into ! air z ! w9n[] does 8 corn'2 b look+ to ! use ( v5til>e = to #8conjure away' 7magicis artibus vitas insontium et manibus accitis v5til>e1 ,imp4 ,con/ant4 cod4 #i1 #ah1 #f & cod4 ,?4 #i1 #af1 #e71 ,i pref] ,pr(essor ,key's explanation ( ! ^w1 #8a juggl]1 z affect+ to toss ?+s away ) an 1 or ) a puff ( brea?'3 cp4 ,prud5t4 ,p]i/eph4 x4 #gh tu v5tilator urbis et vulgi levis procella4--,! g5itives are to be ref]r$ to sca5is1 n miracula4 ut ea3 = ?is con/r4 see on #a #eh4 9 manus3 ,krg] & ,dosson are wrong 9 tak+ ?is ( ! h&s ( ! spectators4 ,! balls return to ! h&s ( ! p]=m]s !mselves4 ,= qua 7sc4 via7 cp4 ii4 #bj1 #b multos video qua vel impud5tia vel fames duxit ru5tes3 ix4 #a1 #ai3 xii4 #aj1 #fa4 ,,vii3#ab ,s$ hic usus ita prod]it1 si ea de qua locuti sumus ars antecess]it1 ut #age ipsum illud quod 9 se rationem non habet 9 ratione v]setur4 ,nam mihi ne dic]e quidem videtur nisi qui disposite1 ornate1 copiose dicit1 s$ tumultu>i4 #ab4 ita 444 si1 9 a limit+ s5se 7 ita demum si71 #8only s f> z4' ,cp4 xi4 #c1 #acj ambulantem loqui ita demum oportet si 9 causis publicis1 c4 ,9 ,brut4 #age #aie ,cic]o has cum ita h]es in/itutus esset si pupillus ante mortuus esset4 ,9 ?is re/rictive s5se ita is m commonly foll[$ by ut 7,v]r4 iv4 #aej73 sometimes by cum 7,brut4 #bbb74 ,9 ,top4 #dd we h ag5s de eo qui te/am5to sic h]$em in/ituisset ut si filius natus esset1 c4 locuti sumus1 i4e4 9 #e-g4 quod 444 non habet3 cp4 #aa usus inrationalis1 :]e !re is no consci\sness ( me?od4 9 ratione v]setur arte1 artis et rationis praeceptis cont9eatur4 ,?\gh me*anical1 ?r\gh habit x %\ld be bas$ on me?od & rational pr9ciple4 nisi qui c4 ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #dh ,s9 oratoris nihil vis esse nisi composite ornate copiose loqui1 c4 ,! fir/ ref]s to collocatio1 ! second to elocutio1 & ! ?ird to inv5tio4 tumultu>i1 to #8rant4' ,cp4 vii4 pr4 #c oratio c>5s hac virtute 7sc4 ord9e7 tumultuetur necesse e/3 ii4 #ab1 #aa cum int]im non actores modo aliquos inv5ias1 s$1 quod e/ turpius1 praeceptores etiam qui brevem dic5di ex]citationem consecuti omissa ratione1 ut tulit impetus1 passim tumultu5tur1 eosque qui plus honoris litt]is tribu]unt ineptos et ieiunos et tepidos et infirmos1 ut quodque v]bum contumeliosissimum occurrit1 appell5t4 ,,vii3#ac ,nec =tuiti s]monis contextum mirabor umquam1 quem iurgantibus etiam muli]culis sup]flu]e video1 cum eo quod1 si calor ac spiritus tulit1 frequ5t] accidit ut successum extemporalem consequi cura non possit4 #ac4 =tuiti s]monis1 #8r&om talk4' contextum cont9uam orationem1 cp4 #bf4 ,! ^w d5otes m]e cont9uity ( spee*1 a m]e tra9 ( words4 sup]flu]e video3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 cum eo quod1 #8) ?is consid]ation t1' connects 9 a loose mann] ) :at goes be=e3 #8& ?is ,i say ) ! addition t1' c4 ,! usual explanation is #8) ! exception or limitation t1' c43 s ,gn!r #8po/quam sese mir>i nunquam =tuiti s]monis contextum dixit1 hoc enuntiato a 8cum eo quod0 p5d5te orationi mod]atur et conc$it frequ5t]1 si calor ac spiritus tul]it1 curam consequi non posse successum extemporalem'3 cp4 ,cic4 ad ,att4 vi4 #a1 #d sit sane1 quoniam ita tu vis1 s$ tam5 cum eo1 cr$o1 quod s9e peccato meo fiat4 ,b ,qu9tilian is n #8tak+ back' :at he has said 9 #8nec mirabor'3 he is go+ on to add :at is really an indep5d5t /atem5t4 ,o!r uses ( cum eo quod occur ii4 #d1 #cj cum eo quidem1 quod vix ullus e/ tam communis locus1 qui possit coha]]e cum causa nisi aliquo propriae quae/ionis circulo copulatus3 xii4 #aj1 #dg cum eo quod1 si non ad luxuriam ac libid9em ref]as1 eadem speciosiora quoque s9t quae hone/iora4 ,see ,introd4 p4 liii4 spiritus3 see on #a #bg4 tulit4 ,= f]re us$ absolutely3 cp4 #c #g si f]et flatus1 & su* phrases z #8si occasio tul]it4' ,krg] supplies aliquem1 comp>+ #a #aaj4--;,= ! p]fect1 us$ l ! ,greek aori/ to d5ote repeat$ occurr5ce1 cp4 refrixit #c #f1 & accessit 444 re/itit #ad bel[4 ut 444 possit--t ! success ( su* impromptu speak+ is n atta9$ by /udy & prem$itation 7cura74 ,,vii3#ad ,deum tunc adfuisse1 cum id ev5isset1 vet]es oratores1 ut ,cic]o1 dictitabant4 ,s$ ratio manife/a e/4 ,nam b5e concepti adfectus et rec5tes r]um imag9es cont9uo impetu f]untur1 quae nonnumquam mora /ili refrigescunt et dilatae non rev]tuntur4 ,utique v]o1 #agf cum infelix illa v]borum cavillatio accessit et cursus ad s+ula ve/igia re/itit1 non pote/ f]ri contorta vis2 s$1 ut optime vocum s+ul>um c$at electio1 non cont9ua s$ composita e/4 #ad4 ut ,cic]o4 ,no su* say+ c be f\nd 9 ,cic]o's extant works3 cp4 h[ev] de ,orat4 i4 #bjb4 ,= ! read+ see ,crit4 ,notes4 ratio manife/a e/3 cp4 #e #c4 b5e concepti adfectus1 #8emotion pr(\ndly felt'3 v4 on #ae & cp4 vi4 #b1 #cj has 7imag9es r]um7 quisquis b5e concep]it is erit 9 adfectibus pot5tissimus4 rec5tes r]um imag9es3 #8fre%1' #8vivid' conceptions1 or ideas3 a lively imag9ation4 cont9uo impetu f]untur3 #8sweep along 9 un9t]rupt$ c\rse4' refrigescunt1 cp4 #c #f1 & #cc4 utique3 see on #a #bj4 #agf infelix 444 v]borum cavillatio3 ( ! morbid c>p+ self-criticism spok5 ( 9 #c #aj3 #a #aae4 ,= infelix see on #a #g4 non pote/ f]ri contorta vis3 #8!re c be no en]gy 9 ! sw+1' a figure tak5 f ! dis*>ge ( missile weapons1 su* z ! sl+ & ! javel94 ,vis contorta f]tur ! vis 7( ! spee*7 is #8:irl$ & sp$ onw>d'3 = f]ri cp4 ix4 #d1 #aab oratio quae f]ri debet et flu]e4 ,= ! :ole expression cp4 ,cic4 ,orator #bcd ,demo/h5es6 cuius non tam vibr>5t fulm9a illa1 nisi num]is contorta f]r5tur1 7,qu9t4 ix4 #d1 #ee17 :]e contorqu]e describes ! :irl+ action :i* imp>ts to ! missile t rotat+ movem5t by :i* 7z ) our rifl$ guns7 x is made m c]ta9 to hit ! m>k3 see ,s&ys ad loc4 ,qu9tilian has a simil> figure 9 ix4 #d1 #i mihi compositione velut am5tis quibusdam n]visve int5di et concit>i s5t5tiae vid5tur4 ut ?\gh4 cont9ua 444 composita1 #8! /yle is n all ( "o patt]n1 b r a pat*work1'--x does n fl[ on spontane\sly1 b is elaborately put toge!r4 ,! subject oratio mu/ be suppli$ out ( ! context3 cp4 #bf1 & #a #g & #bi4 ,be*] r5d]s #8ni*t aus ganzem ,holze 7ges*nitt57 sond]n geleimt1'--n all ( "o piece b glu$ toge!r3 & comp>es #8corpora cont9ua' & #8composita' 9 ,s54 ,epi/4 xvii4 #b1 #f 7#ajb71--#8organisms' & me*anical fabrics4 ,,vii3#ae ,qu>e capi5dae sunt illae1 de quibus dixi1 r]um imag9es1 quas voc>i indicavimus1 omniaque1 de quibus dicturi erimus1 p]sonae1 quae/iones1 spes1 metus1 hab5da 9 oculis1 9 adfectus recipi5da2 pectus e/ enim1 quod dis]tos facit1 et vis m5tis4 ,ideoque imp]itis quoque1 si modo sunt aliquo adfectu concitati1 v]ba non desunt4 #ae4 de quibus dixi4 ,cp4 vi4 #b1 #bi ,quas ,graeci vocant 7nos sane visiones appellemus7 p] quas imag9es r]um abs5tium ita repraes5tantur animo ut eas c]n]e oculis ac praes5tes hab]e videamur1 has quisquis b5e concep]it is erit 9 adfectibus pot5tissimus4 ,s ( ! creations ( ! pa9t]'s fancy1 xii4 #aj1 #f concipi5dis visionibus1 quas vocant1 prae/antissimus ,!on ,samius4 dicturi erimus4 ,! c>eful selection ( ! t5se is to be not$3 cp4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 i4 #bbc eorum apud quos aliquid aget aut erit acturus m5tes s5susque degu/et1 :]e agit is contemporane\s ) degu/et1 :ile erit acturus is reg>d$ z /ill future4--,!re is neglig5ce 9 ! juxtaposition ( dixi & dicturi erimus4 9 adfectus recipi5da1 sc4 t emotions may !reby be excit$ :i* %all f9d expression 9 :at we say4 ,! int5sity ( ^! emotions w dep5d on ! vividness ( ! images 9 ! m9d4 pectus3 #8feel+4' ,! s5t5ce is c>efully arrang$3 besides ! *iasmus above 7hab5da 9 oculis1 9 adfectus recipi5da7 pectus n[ takes up 9 adfectus recipi5da1 :ile vis m5tis ref]s to hab5da 9 oculis1 & d5otes accord+ly =ce or cle>ness ( conception4 ,,vii3#af ,tum int5d5dus animus1 non 9 aliquam rem unam1 s$ 9 plures simul cont9uas1 ut si p] aliquam rectam viam mittamus oculos simul omnia quae sunt 9 ea circaque intuemur1 non ultimum tantum videmus1 s$ usque #agg ad ultimum4 ,addit ad dic5dum etiam pudor /imulos1 mirumque vid]i pote/ quod1 cum /ilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros re=midet1 extemporalis actio auditorum frequ5tia1 ut miles conge/u signorum1 excitatur4 #af4 ,tum1 if all[$ to /& 7see ,crit4 ,notes71 does n introduce a help to oratory1 l pectus above 7cp4 si modo sunt aliquo adfectu concitati71 & addit ad dic5dum etiam pudor /imulos 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce4 ,! words f pectus e/ enim to v]ba non desunt =m a p>5!sis1 & tum int5d5dus resumes ! previ\s recomm5dation1 omniaque de quibus dicturi erimus 444 recipi5da4 ,?is is cle> f ! correspond5ce ( p>ticiples1 capi5dae 444 hab5da 444 recipi5da 444 int5d5dus4 cont9uas1 "h ( ?+s t #8hang toge!r'3 tr4 #89 an ord]ly sequ5ce4' circa1 #8on ei!r side4' #agg pudor #8am\r-propre1' s5se ( hon\r z 7possibly7 to be compromis$ by failure4 /ilus secreto3 #c #bc sq4 conge/u signorum3 ! #8cr[d$ /&>ds1'--( ! mom5t :5 ! legion is ab\t to advance1 & ! /&>d ( e company is set 9 motion at ! same "t4 ,?is is bett] ?an to take x ( ! assembl+ ( ! /&>d-be>]s ) _! ensigns r\nd ! g5]al's tribunal1 :ile he addresses ! army on ! eve ( battle4 ,,vii3#ag ,namque et difficiliorem cogitationem exprimit et expellit dic5di necessitas1 et secundos impetus auget plac5di cupido4 ,adeo pretium omnia spectant ut eloqu5tia quoque1 quamquam plurimum habeat 9 se voluptatis1 maxime tam5 praes5ti fructu laudis op9ionisque ducatur4 #ag4 difficiliorem3 ?\ght t lab\rs1 is sl[ to f9d utt]ance4 expellit1 /rong] ?an exprimit3 cp4 #c #f4 secundos impetus1 #8! fav\rable gl[1'--! #8lan' s helpful = ! expression ( ?\ght4 pretium1 l praemium 9 a p>allel passage1 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cf3 ita ad summa eloqu5tiae praemia magna etiam necessitas acc$ebat1 et quo modo dis]tum hab]i pul*rum et gloriosum sic contra mutum et el+uem vid]i de=me habebatur4 quamquam1 ) subj4 #a #cc4 op9ionis1 #8reputation1' ! fav\rable e/imate :i* o!rs =m ( u3 see on #e #ah & cp4 #bd bel[3 ,cic4 pro ,ar*4 #bf4 ,introd4 p4 xliv4 ,,vii3#ah ,nec quisquam tantum fidat +5io ut id sibi sp]et incipi5ti /atim posse cont+]e1 s$1 sicut 9 cogitatione praecepimus1 ita facilitatem quoque extemporalem a p>vis initiis paulatim p]ducemus ad summam1 quae neque p]fici neque cont9]i nisi usu pote/4 #ah4 id1 i4e4 ut ex tempore dic]e possit3 ! faculty ( improvisation4 praecepimus3 #f #c4 cont9]i1 #f #c aug5da vis et ex]citatione multa cont95da e/4 ,,vii3#ai ,cet]um p]v5ire eo debet ut cogitatio non utique melior sit ea1 s$ tutior1 cum hanc facilitatem non 9 prosa modo multi s9t consecuti1 s$ etiam 9 c>m9e1 ut ,antipat] ,sidonius et ,lic9ius ,ar*ias 7cr$5dum enim ,cic]oni e/7-- non quia #agh no/ris quoque temporibus non et fec]9t quidam hoc et faciant4 ,quod tam5 non ipsum tam probabile puto 7neque enim habet aut usum res aut necessitatem7 quam exhort&is 9 hanc spem1 qui =o praep>antur1 utile exemplum4 #ai4 debet4 ,! subject :i* ! editors g5]ally say is to be suppli$ is #8facilitas extemporalis'3 cp4 #f #d4 ,b ,be*] is probably "r 9 supply+ a p]sonal subject 7z #a #g3 #b #bd3 #g #d1 #be71--#8! orator1' #8! budd+ rhetorician1' or ev5 3 cp4 nec quisquam499 ,if extemporalis facilitas 7 ! subject ( ! s5t5ce1 ipsa w\ld h be5 expect$ in/ead ( ea4 ,see ,critical ,notes499 recte3 nec quisquam fidat1 above4 non utique3 #8n ( c\rse1' #8n necess>ily4' ,see on #a #bj3 cp4 xii4 #b1 #ah4 9 prosa3 see on #a #ha4 ,antipat] ( ,sidon1 an ,alex&r9e poet1 cir4 ,b4,c4 #ace4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #aid quod si ,antipat] ille ,sidonius 444 solitus e/ v]sus hexametros aliosque v>iis modis atque num]is fund]e ex tempore1 tantumque hom9is +5iosi ac memoris valuit ex]citatio ut1 cum se m5te ac voluntate coniecisset 9 v]sum1 v]ba sequ]5tur1 quanto id facilius 9 oratione1 ex]citatione et consuetud9e adhibita1 consequemur6 ,ar*ias4 ,cic4 pro ,ar*4 #h #ah quoti5s ego hunc vidi1 cum litt]am scripsisset nullam1 magnum num]um optimorum v]suum de iis ipsis rebus quae tum ag]5tur dic]e ex tempore4 non quia 444 non4 ,= ! subjunctive1 see ,introd4 p4 liv3 cp4 #ca1 bel[4 #agh ,be*] rightly expla9s 7,bursian's ,jahresb47 t cr$5dum enim ,cic]oni e/ is to be bracket$ z a p>5!sis ( ! writ]'s to ,antipat] ,sidonius & ,lic9ias ,ar*ias1--examples :i* give ! motive = ! half apology non quia1 c4 ,tr4 #8?\gh ,i d n wi% to be und]/ood to mean t1' c4 ,o!rs expla9 ! s5t5ce z elliptical3 #8,i d n quote ,cic]o's au?ority because we h n abundant examples 9 our own times1 b because 8 au?ority1 at any rate1 w be unque/ion$1' ,frieze4 quidam4 ,hild ?9ks ! ref]5ce mu/ be p>ticul>ly to ,/atius3 ,silv4 #a pr4 hos libellos qui mihi subito calore et quadam fe/9&i voluptate flux]unt3 & iii4 pr4 libellos 444 subito natos4 ,possibly also to ,remmius ,palaemon1 ! tea*] ( ,qu9tilian3 ,suet4 ,gram4 #bc poemata faciebat ex tempore4 quod 444 ipsum4 #8,?is accompli%m5t 9 itself1' viz4 facilitas ex tempore c>m9a f+5di4 9 hanc spem huius 9 rei spem4 ,cp4 #c #b s9e hac consci5tia4 ,,vii3#bj ,neque v]o tanta esse umquam debet fiducia facilitatis ut non breve saltem tempus1 quod nusquam f]e de]it1 ad ea quae dicturi sumus dispici5da sumamus1 quod quidem 9 iudiciis ac =o datur semp]2 neque enim quisquam e/ qui causam quam non didic]it agat4 #bj4 non 444 saltem3 see on #b #ae4 didic]it4 ,9 acqua9t+ himself ) ! facts ( a case1 & consid]+ 7h[ev] briefly7 ! pr9ciples applicable to x1 ! judicial plead] has always "s little "t to ?9k ov] 8 spee*4 ,,vii3#ba ,declamatores quosdam p]v]sa ducit ambitio ut exposita controv]sia prot9us dic]e vel9t1 qu9 etiam1 quod e/ 9 primis frivolum ac sca5icum1 v]bum petant quo incipiant4 ,s$ tam contumeliosos 9 se ridet invicem eloqu5tia1 et qui /ultis vid]i eruditi volunt1 /ulti eruditis vid5tur4 #ba4 ,declamatores3 see on #a #ga4 ambitio3 see ,introd4 p4 xliv4 exposita controv]sia1 #8z soon z ! "q is /at$4' frivolum1 #89 bad ta/e1' a ^w *>act]i/ic ( ! ,silv] ,age4 sca5icum1 #8!atrical4' ,on ! /age1 actors (t5 />t (f ) su* a #8cue4' ,cp4 i4 #aa1 #c plurimum 444 ab]it a sca5ico3 xi4 #c1 #eg modulatio sca5ica3 ib4 #abc nam et complod]e manus sca5icum e/ et pectus ca$]e4 ,we may also recall #8n$um ille sca5icus 7,n]o7'3 ,tac4 ,ann4 xv4 #ei4 ,,vii3#bb ,si qua tam5 =tuna tam subitam fec]it ag5di necessitatem1 mobiliore quodam opus erit +5io1 et vis omnis int5d5da rebus et 9 praes5tia remitt5dum aliquid ex cura v]borum1 si consequi utrumque non dabitur4 ,tum et t>dior pronuntiatio moras habet et susp5sa ac velut dubitans oratio1 ut tam5 delib]>e1 non #agi haesit>e videamur4 #bb4 vis omnis int5d5da rebus4 ,cp4 ,cato's gold5 rule = ! speak]1 rem t5e v]ba sequ5tur3 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #adf3 iii4 #abe3 ,hor4 ,a4 ,p4 #caa4 non dabitur1 cp4 #bi3 ,v]g4 ,a54 i4 #djh cur dextrae iung]e dextram non datur8 t>dior pronuntiatio4 ,! opposite is citata xi4 #c1 #aaa aliis locis citata aliis pressa conv5iet pronuntiatio4 habet1 #8secures4' ,krg] 7#crd ed47 w\ld pref] to read habebit4 susp5sa 444 dubitans3 a #8sl[ & undecid$ /yle ( speak+1' 9 :i* "o is1 z x 71 feel+ "o's way4 ,tac4 ,ann4 i4 #aa ( ,tib]ius1 susp5sa semp] et obscura v]ba4 #agi ,,vii3#bc ,hoc1 dum egr$imur e portu1 si nos nondum aptatis satis armam5tis aget v5tus2 de9de paulatim simul euntes aptabimus vela et disponemus rud5tes et impl]i s9us optabimus4 ,id potius quam se inani v]borum torr5ti d>e quasi tempe/atibus quo vol5t auf]5dum4 #bc4 hoc1 sc4 fi]i pote/4 ,= ! ellipse cp4 vi4 #d1 #aj hoc1 dum ordo e/ et pudor3 xi4 #a1 #gf hoc et apud eos4 dum egr$imur1 c4 ,z 9 #a ! simile takes ! place ( ! ma9 ?\ght )\t any ^w ( introduction3 cp4 a?leta #a #d4 simul4 ,! juxtaposition ( simul & euntes rem9ds u ( ! ,greek con/r4 ( ) a p>ticiple 4 aptabimus 444 optabimus4 ,! assonance is surely an example ( ,qu9tilian's neglig5t /yle1 r ?an 7z ,krg] ?9ks7 an int5tional pun4 ,s aptatis 444 aptabimus1 9 ?is passage4 ,,vii3#bd ,s$ non m9ore /udio cont9etur haec facultas quam p>atur4 ,ars enim semel p]cepta non labitur1 /ilus quoque int]missione paulum admodum de cel]itate dep]dit3 promptum hoc et 9 exp$ito positum ex]citatione sola cont9etur4 ,hac uti sic optimum e/ ut cotidie dicamus audi5tibus pluribus1 maxime de quorum simus iudicio atque op9ione solliciti2 r>um e/ enim ut satis se quisque v]eatur4 ,vel soli tam5 dicamus potius quam non omn9o dicamus4 #bd4 ars3 cp4 on #g4 non labitur4 ,! s5se is cle>1 ?\gh ! read+ is v unc]ta93 #8la connaissance ?orique une fois acquise ne se p]d pas1' ,hild1 :o suspects t animo or m5te has fall5 out4 ,cp4 de ,orat4 ii4 #aji ante enim praet]labitur 7sc4 def9itio7 quam p]cepta e/4 ,labi by itself well expresses ! gradual #8ooz+ away' ( any?+ f ! m9d4 ,v]g4 ,ecl4 i4 #fc quam no/ro illius labatur pectore vultus4 ,x might h[ev] be pref]able to read nunquam in/ead ( non4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 dep]dit4 ,cic4 ,v]r4 ii4 #b1 #cj ut ne quid de lib]tate dep]d]it4 promptum hoc et 9 exp$ito positum3 #8?is promptitude & read9ess = action4' ,! neut] ( ! adj4 & ! "p4 are us$ along ) ! demon/rative 9 place ( ab/ract n\ns1 9 :i* ,lat9 is n /rong4 ,cp4 ,livy vii4 #h1 #e diu non p]litatum t5u]at dictatorem3 ,tac4 ,ann4 iii4 #hj ,capito insignitior infamia fuit quod 444 egregium publicum et bonas domi artes dehone/avisset2 v4 ,ngelsba*1 ,lat4 ,/il4 p4 #ih sq4 & #adj sq43 ,introd4 p4 xlviii4 r>um e/ ut r>o fit ut4 ,cp4 primum e/ ut #b #ah4 non omn9o4 ,! adv]b /r5g!ns ! negative 7cp4 71 in/ead ( ! negative be+ employ$ = ! negation ( ! adv]b4 ,s (t5 prorsus & sane4 ,,vii3#be ,e/ alia ex]citatio cogit&i #ahj totasque mat]ias vel sil5tio 7dum tam5 quasi dicat intra se ipsum7 p]sequ5di1 quae nullo non et tempore et loco1 qu&o non aliud agimus1 explic>i pote/1 et e/ 9 p>te utilior quam haec proxima2 #be4 e/ alia ex]citatio cogit&i 444 p]sequ5di4 ,!re is a simil> transition at ix4 #b1 #eg e/ alia non quidem retic5tia4 ,! sequ5ce ( ?\ght is z foll[s3 ! be/ me?od ( acquir+ & ma9ta9+ ! facultas ex tempore dic5di is to disc\rse daily be=e compet5t he>]s3 if t is n possible soli tam5 dicamus2 ?is is bett] ?an n speak+ at all4 ,!re is ano!r ex]citatio 7i4e4 z a help to keep+ up ! facultas ex tempore dic5di71 viz4 ! go+ ov] our subject-matt] 9 sil5t ?\ght1 z we c d always & ev]y:]e4 ,cogit&i & p]sequ5di are g5itives ( def9ition1 or epexegetic g5itives /&+ 9 ! place ( appositional inf9itives73 cp4 exitus mortis1 1 & 7cit$ by ,krg]7 ,cic4 de ,f94 iii4 #ad1 #de d5ique ipsum bonum quod 9 eo positum e/ ut naturae cons5tiat1 cresc5di accessionem 7 accessionem quae fit cresc5do7 nullam habet3 de ,orat4 #a #ij quod consuetudo ex]citatioque et intelleg5di prud5tiam 7 prud5tiam quae c]nitur 9 intelleg5do1 or prud5tiam ad intelleg5dum7 acu]et et eloqu5di cel]itatem incit>et4 ,) #ahj ex]citatio1 supply #8cont95di facultatem ex tempore dic5di4' totasque mat]ias 444 p]sequ5di3 cp4 #e #ba p] totas ire mat]ias4 tam53 i4e4 ev5 ?\gh x be sil5tio4 dicat4 ,aga9 ! subject 7sc4 orator7 is to be suppli$ out ( ! context4 ,cp4 #a #g4 explic>i pote/3 #8c h full scope giv5 to x1' an ex]cise 9 :i* we c indulge freely4 9 p>te1 (t5 9 ,qu9tilian4 ,see on #a #hh4 haec proxima3 viz4 t recomm5d$ 9 #bd ut cotidie dicamus audi5tibus pluribus3 to :i* illa & prior 9 #bf ref]4 ,,vii3#bf dilig5tius enim componitur quam illa1 9 qua contextum dic5di int]mitt]e v]emur4 ,rursus 9 alia plus prior conf]t1 vocis firmitatem1 oris facilitatem1 motum corporis1 qui et ipse1 ut dixi1 excitat oratorem et iactatione manus1 p$is supplosione1 sicut cauda leones fac]e dicuntur1 hortatur4 #bf4 dilig5tius enim componitur quam illa3 #8x 7i4e4 disc\rse ?us prem$itat$7 is m accurately put toge!r4' ,! grammatical subject ( componitur is ex]citatio cogit&i1 c41 b ! v]b is *os5 ) ref]5ce to ! tra9 ( ?\ght :i* ! m9d is ex]cis$ 9 pursu+4 ,! virtual subject is ?us r oratio quam cogit&o p]sequimur1 or tacita oratio 7z %[n by dum tam5 quasi dicat intra se ipsum74 ,illa 7l proxima7 ref]s to ! practice ( extempore speak+1 ei!r alone or 9 ! pres5ce ( o!rs4 ,grammatically ! ex]citatio ( #bd mu/ be und]/ood along ) x3 logically ! oratio :i* is ! result ( t ex]citatio4--,krg] 7#crd ed47 takes componitur z us$ imp]sonally1 b t w\ld seem to be impossible )\t "s ref]5ce to ex]citatio cogit&i4 ,! s5t5ce1 ?\gh grammatically awkw>d1 is q consi/5t ) ,qu9tilian's loose /yle ( writ+1 s t !re seems no necessity = su* a device ab\t componitur1 or = ,g]tz's conjecture 9 illa3 see ,crit4 ,notes4 contextum dic5di3 cp4 #ac4 v]emur1 ) inf94 z #a #aja1 & ev5 9 ,cic]o3 cp4 ! /rik+ in/ance de ,f94 ii4 #ci quos non e/ v]itum 9 444 voluptate 444 summum bonum pon]e4 ,rursus1 #8on ! o!r h&4' 9 alia 444 conf]t4 ,see on #a #a = ! con/r4 ( conf]re 773 cp4 #e #aa 9 hoc faci5t4 prior1 viz4 speak+4 firmitatem4 ,9 su* enum]ations ,qu9tilian does n repeat ! prep43 cp4 #b #af4 oris facilitatem #8ease ( utt]ance4' ut dixi1 #c #ba4 p$is supplosione4 ,cp4 xi4 #c1 #abh p$is supplosio ut loco e/ opportuna1 ut ait ,cic]o1 9 cont5tionibus aut incipi5dis aut f9i5dis1 ita crebra et inepti e/ hom9is et des9it iudicem 9 se conv]t]e3 ,s54 ,epi/4 #ge #b3 ,cic4 ,brut4 #ada4 sicut cauda leones4 ,hom4 ,il4 xx4 #agj 1 3 ,hesiod1 ,%ield ( ,h]c4 #dcj 4 ,pl94 ,nat4 ,hi/4 viii4 #af1 #ai leonum animi index cauda 444 immota ergo placido1 clem5s bl&i5ti1 quod r>um e/3 crebrior enim iracundia1 eius 9 pr9cipio t]ra v]b]atur1 increm5to t]ga ceu quodam incitam5to flagellantur4 /ud5dum1 #c #bi4 ,cp4 note on /udiosis #a #de4 ,,vii3#bg ,/ud5dum v]o semp] et ubique4 ,neque enim f]e tam e/ ullus dies occupatus1 ut nihil lucrativae1 ut ,cic]o ,brutum fac]e tradit1 #aha op]ae ad scrib5dum aut leg5dum aut dic5dum rapi aliquo mom5to temporis possit3 siquidem ,c4 ,c>bo etiam 9 tab]naculo solebat hac uti ex]citatione dic5di4 #bg4 tam e/ 444 occupatus4 ,! ord] supports ! traditional read+ at #a #hc1 :]e see note4 lucrativae op]ae4 ,cic4 ad ,att4 vii4 #aa1 #a unam meh]cule tecum apricationem 9 illo lucrativo tuo sole malim quam omnia i/ius modi regna3 ,fronto1 ad ,anton4 imp4 #b1 #b lucrativa tua 9 tantis negotiis tempora4 ,tr4 #8a few preci\s mom5ts'3 #aha lucrativa op]a means an occupation :i* pr(itably occupies our sp>e "t4 ,! adjective is prop]ly a legal t]m1 appli$ to ?+s acquir$ by gift or beque/3 e4g4 species possessionis ,gai4 #b1 #ef3 usucapio #b1 #fj3 adquisitio ,ulp4 ,dig4 xliv4 #d1 #d1 #ca4 ,krg] ref]s to ! special mean+ ( lucrum1 #8an unexpect$ ga9'3 ,hor4 ,c>4 i4 #i1 #ad quem =s di]um cumque dabit1 lucro adpone4 ,spald+ says3 8op]am lucrativam a ,qu4 dici potuisse c5seo quidquid op]ae iniunctis et necess>iis laboribus negotiisque velut surrip]etur et dilectis /udiis acc$]et40 ,cp4 i4 #ab1 #ac quibus potius /udiis haec temporum velut subsiciva donabimus8 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ii4 #cfd quae cursim adripui1 quae subsicivis op]is1 ut aiunt4 ,cic]o4 ,! ref]5ce seems to be to ! rem>k address$ to ,brutus 9 ! ,orator #cd iam quantum illud e/ quod 9 maximis occupationibus numquam int]mittis /udia doctr9ae1 semp] aut ipse scribis aliquid aut me vocas ad scrib5dum4 ,s 9 ! ,brutus #ccb he praises 8 p]5nia /udia1 & #bb 8 s+ul>is indu/ria4 ,cp4 ,plut>*1 ,brutus1 #d & #cf4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 siquidem1 see on #b1 above4 ,c4 ,c>bo4 ,9 ! ,brutus #ajc-aje ,cic]o eulogises 8 eloqu5ce & indu/ry3 indu/rium etiam et dilig5tem et 9 ex]citationibus comm5tationibusque multum op]ae solitum esse pon]e3 cp4 de ,orat4 i4 #aed4--;,c>bo1 :o _h orig9ally be5 a support] ( ,ti4 ,grac*us1 b _h aft]w>ds gone ov] to ! optimates1 became consul 9 ,b4,c4 #abj2 & x 0 9 connection ) 8 prosecution 9 ! ye> foll[+1 on "s *>ge n di/9ctly specifi$1 t ,crassus made 8 fir/ public appe>ance4 ,c>bo 0 driv5 to commit suicide4 ,,vii3#bh ,ne id quidem tac5dum e/1 quod eidem ,cic]oni placet1 nullum no/rum usquam negleg5tem esse s]monem3 quidquid loquemur ubicumque1 sit pro sua scilicet portione p]fectum4 ,scrib5dum c]te numquam e/ magis quam cum multa dicemus ex tempore4 ,ita enim s]vabitur pondus et innatans illa v]borum facilitas 9 altum r$ucetur1 sicut ru/ici proximas vitis radices amputant1 quae illam 9 summum solum ducunt1 ut inf]iores p5itus desc5d5do firm5tur4 #bh4 ,cic]oni4 ,! ref]5ce _c be trac$4 ubicumque3 see on #a #e4 pondus1 #8solidity4' innatans1 sc4 9 sup]ficie3 #8float+' & s #8sup]ficial4' ,cp4 vii4 #a1 #dd haec velut innatantia videbunt3 ,p]sius i4 #ajd-e summa delumbe saliva ,hoc natat 9 labris1 :]e ,con+ton cites ,gell4 i4 #ae qui nullo r]um pond]e innixi v]bis humidis et lapsantibus diffluunt1 eorum orationem b5e exi/imatum e/ 9 ore nasci non 9 pectore3 s #c #b v]ba 9 labris nasc5tia1 :]e see note4 9 altum r$ucetur 9 pr(undum1 giv+ ! anti!sis to ! figure 7#8! %all[s'7 involv$ 9 innatans4 ,tr4 #8w ga9 9 dep?4' ,= su* comb9ations ( ! prep4 ) ! acc4 or abl4 neut] ( adj4 see ,introd4 p4 xlvii4 proximas1 ! upp]mo/ roots1 :i* protrude f ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,by p>+ ^! away1 ! taproots 7inf]iores7 are =c$ to /rike deep]4 ,,vii3#bi ,ac nescio an si utrumque cum cura et /udio fec]imus1 invicem prosit1 ut scrib5do dicamus dilig5tius1 dic5do scribamus facilius4 ,scrib5dum ergo quoti5s licebit2 #ahb si id non dabitur1 cogit&um2 ab utroque exclusi deb5t tam5 sic dic]e ut neque depreh5sus orator neque litigator de/itutus esse videatur4 #bi4 nescio an =tasse1 z at #f #a2 see on #a #fe4 ,tr4 #8& ,i r ?9k t !re is ?is reciprocal advantage1 viz4 t1' c4 utrumque1 i4e4 dic]e & scrib]e1 bo? 9 ! way ( ex]citatio4 ,scrib5dum ergo1 c4 ,?is is ,qu9tilian's summ+ up4 ,if ! advocate has "t to elaborate 8 spee* 9 writ+1 t is be/ 7z a rule72 if writ+ is impossible1 he mu/ h rec\rse to cogitatio 7*4 vi74 ,if !re is "t = nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1 ! discipl9e :i* #ahb is be+ recomm5d$ ought nev]!less 7tam51 i4e4 9 spite ( ! fact t !re has be5 no opportunity = ei!r writ+ or reflection7 to enable him to 8speak 9 su* a way t no "o w ?9k ei!r t ! plead] has be5 tak5 aback or t ! cli5t has be5 left 9 ! lur*40 ,! em5dation sic dic]e1 :i* ,i v5ture to introduce 9 ! text 7see ,crit4 ,notes71 seems 9 h>mony n only ) ! tradition ( ! ,,mss4 b also ) ! :ole context4 ,!re is ! same sequ5ce imm$iately bel[ 7#cj7 scribant 444 cogitatione complectantur 444 subitis extempore occurrant4 ,! busy advocate w make use ( all ?ree me?ods3 b 9 mo/ cases writ+1 accord+ to ,qu9tilian1 is to be recomm5d$1 &1 fail+ x1 m$itation1--n t ! latt] is bett] ?an (f-h& spee*1 b saf] 7tutior #ai74 ,la/ly1 ev5 su* subitae necessitates z are ref]r$ to 9 #b ought to f9d ! advocate prep>$ to make a cr$itable extempore appe>ance3 cp4 #d neque ego hoc ago ut extempore dic]e malit s$ ut possit4 depreh5sus3 cp4 xii4 #i1 #bj3 ,s5eca ,ep4 xi4 #a non enim ex praep>ato locutus e/1 s$ subito depreh5sus4 ,,vii3#cj ,pl]umque autem multa ag5tibus accidit ut maxime necess>ia et utique initia scribant1 cet]a1 quae domo adf]unt1 cogitatione complectantur1 subitis ex tempore occurrant2 quod fecisse ,m4 ,tullium comm5t>iis ipsius app>et4 ,s$ f]untur aliorum quoque et inv5ti =te1 ut eos dicturus quisque composu]at1 et 9 libros dige/i1 ut caus>um1 quae sunt actae a ,s]vio ,sulpicio1 cuius tres orationes extant2 s$ hi de quibus loquor comm5t>ii ita sunt exacti ut ab ipso mihi 9 memoriam po/]itatis videantur esse compositi4 #cj4 utique1 #8especially1' or #8at all ev5ts'3 see on #a #bj4 domo adf]unt3 cp4 #f #f4 subitis3 #8em]g5cies1' un=ese5 developm5ts1 e4g4 que/ions & objections by ! o!r side4 ,cp4 ,pl94 ,ep4 iii4 #i1 #af vir ex]citatus et quamlibet subitis p>atus4 comm5t>iis3 #8note-books1' memor&a conta9+ jott+s1 outl9es1 c4 ,cp4 iv4 #a1 #fi4 f]untur3 see note on f]ebantur #a #bc4 et 444 et #8"s 444 o!rs4' ,9 ! "o case ! actual jott+s h be5 f\nd1 j z !y 7 orig9ally set d[n = ! guidance ( ! speak]3 9 ! o!r !y h be5 put toge!r 9 book =m1 = ! b5efit ( lat] read]s4 caus>um3 sc4 comm5t>ii3 outl9es ( cases4 ,s]vio ,sulpicio3 see on #a #aaf4 ,he left only ?ree writt5 spee*es1 b 8 fri5ds _h edit$ 8 notes ( ! num]\s cases 9 :i* he _h appe>$4 hi4 ,! memor&a1 z oppos$ to ! f9i%$ spee*es 7orationes74 exacti3 see on #b #ad4 9 memoriam po/]itatis3 see on #a #ca4 ,,vii3#ca ,nam ,cic]onis ad praes5s modo tempus aptatos lib]tus ,tiro contraxit3 quos non ideo excuso quia non #ahc probem1 s$ ut s9t magis admirabiles4 ,9 hoc g5]e prorsus recipio hanc brevem adnotationem libellosque1 qui vel manu t5eantur et ad quos int]im respic]e fas sit4 #ca4 ,nam3 see on #a #ab4 ,! mean+ is z foll[s3 ,i make special m5tion ( ! f9i%$ "* ( ,sulpicius's outl9e spee*es1 z writt5 out by himself3 = 9 ,cic]o's case x is diff]5t3 8 comm5t>ii #8non sunt ab ipso compositi 9 memoriam po/]itatis4' ,moreov] !y are n n[ 9 _! orig9al =m3 by ,cic]o !y 7 prep>$ only = ! occasion 7ad praes5s tempus aptati71 & 7 aft]w>ds abridg$ 7contraxit7 by ,tiro4 ,b ev5 9 ?is %ort] =m !y are ( great value4 contraxit1 #8abbreviat$4' ,! context %[s1 on ! :ole1 t ?is is ! prop] s5se to atta* to ?is ^w4 ,sulpicius's memor&a _h be5 put toge!r 79 libros dige/i7 by 8 fri5ds1 b s f9i%$ are !y t "o might ?9k he _h int5d$ !m to survive4 ,?is gives #ahc two po9ts ( contra/ ) ,cic]o4 ,! fir/ 7cp4 exacti ) ad praes5s modo tempus aptatos7 w\ld h>dly be en\gh by itself1 z ,qu9tilian r ins9uates ?an ass]ts t ,sulpicius int5d$ 8 jott+s to g d[n to po/]ity3 ! second is t 9 ,cic]o's case we h 8 sket*es 9 a /ill brief] =m ?an t 9 :i* !y 7 orig9ally compos$4 ,! contra/ w\ld n be s /rik+ if contraxit 7 practically synonym\s ) 9 libros dige/i4 ,be*] is /rongly1 h[ev]1 9 fav\r ( contraxit collect$3 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #cg4--;,= ,tiro see esp4 ,teuffel's ,rom4 ,lit4 #agh4 quos 444 probem4 ,! mean+ is ?is3 ,i d n make ?is apology or explanation 7excuso7 z to ! "* ( ,tiro's abridgm5t ( ,cic]o's memor&a1 comp>$ ) ! /udi$ elaboration ( ,sulpicius1 ) any idea ( imply+ inf]iority1 b 9 ord] t--ev5 9 _! pres5t =m--!y may excite ev5 great] admiration ( ,cic]o's g5ius4--,qu9tilian is consci\s t 9 giv+ prom95ce to ! two po9ts ( contra/ 9 reg>d to ,cic]o's rema9s1 z comp>$ ) ^? ( ,sulpicius1 he may be 9 dang] ( be+ misund]/ood4--,= non quia ) subj4 cp4 #ai above3 ,introd4 p4 liv4 ,9 hoc g5]e1 i4e4 9 ?is extemporalis actio4 ,! opposite is #89 8 quae scrips]imus' #cb4 recipio3 #8,i all[1 admit1' 3 cp4 ,cic4 de ,(f4 iii4 #aai non recipit i/am coniunctionem hone/as1 asp]natur repellit3 ,introd4 p4 xliii4 hanc seems to indicate :at 0 a common practice 9 ,qu9tilian's "t4 ,,vii3#cb ,illud quod ,la5as praecipit displicet mihi1 et 9 8 quae scrips]imus velut summas 9 comm5t>ium et capita conf]re4 ,facit enim edisc5di negleg5tiam haec ipsa fiducia et lac]at ac de=mat orationem4 ,ego autem ne scrib5dum quidem puto quod non simus memoria p]secuturi2 nam hic quoque accidit ut revocet #ahd nos cogitatio ad illa elaborata nec s9at praes5tem =tunam exp]iri4 #cb4 ,la5as1 ,popilius1 a rhetorician :o fl\ri%$ "u ,tib]ius4 ,he is m5tion$ z a contempor>y ( ,cornelius ,celsus1 iii4 #a1 #ba & xi4 #c1 #ahc4 et 9 8 quae scrips]imus4 ,see ,crit4 ,notes4 ,! ref]5ce obvi\sly is to spee*es c>efully writt5 out be=e deliv]y1 7contra/ 9 hoc g5]e above1 ( ! extempore k9d74 ,qu9tilian says t he _c approve ( ,la5as's recomm5dation t1 aft] we h writt5 out a spee* 9 ?is way1 we %\ld proce$ to prep>e an ab/ract4 ,dep5d5ce on ?is ab/ract w make u c>eless ab\t le>n+ (f :at we h writt51 & ?is w *eck ! fl[ ( our eloqu5ce1 & m> & disfigure our disc\rse4 ,iwan ,mll] po9ts out t 9 ! s5t5ce 9 8 quae scrips]imus 444 conf]re1 ,qu9tilian is probably quot+ f "s rhetorical treatise ( ,la5as4 velut summas 9 444 conf]re4 ,! read+ is v unc]ta93 see ,crit4 ,notes = ,kid]l9's propos$ em5dation4 ,! text may be r5d]$ #8to ent] 9 a notebook arrang$ accord+ to heads ! ess5ce1 z x 71' ( :at we h writt51 ! g5itive requir$ by summas be+ suppli$ out ( 9 8 quae scrips]imus4 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #afd non e/ oratio s$ quasi capita r]um et orationis comm5t>ium paulo pl5ius4 haec 444 fiducia4 ,see on #c #b hac consci5tia4 ne 444 quidem3 #8nei!r %\ld we4' ,!re is no climax "h3 l ! p>ticles ne 444 quidem are (t5 us$1 z ,madvig po9t$ out1 #8ubi s9e ullo orationis desc5su aut gradatione negativi aliquid adiungitur sup]ioribus simile' 7see #crd excursus to de ,f94 pp4 #hjb-c #bnd ed474 quod non simus4 ,! context makes ! read+ c]ta91 & also gives ! key to ! int]pretation4 ,we ought n to write out1 says ,qu9tilian1 :at we d n int5d to commit p]fectly to memory2 x w\ld be bett] to tru/ to #8extemporalis facilitas4' ,if we d s1 he goes on to say1 our imp]fect recollection ( :at we h writt5 7illa elaborata7 w int]f]e ) ! free play ( ?\ght4--,= memoria p]sequi cp4 ,cic4 pro ,sulla #db4 hic quoque3 cp4 #f #e-g1 :]e x is #ahd said ( imp]fect prem$itation 7cogitatio7 t if x is to make ! speak] hesitate betwe5 :at he has writt51 b c h>dly recall1 & ! new ideas :i* ! subject might inspire1 he w\ld d bett] to tru/ :olly to improvisation4 praes5tem =tunam3 cp4 #f #a extemporalem =tunam4 ,,vii3#cc ,sic anceps int] utrumque animus ae/uat1 cum et scripta p]didit et non qua]it nova4 ,s$ de memoria de/9atus e/ libro proximo locus nec huic p>ti subiung5dus1 quia sunt alia prius nobis dic5da4 #aa #cc4 scripta p]didit1 i4e4 because he is suff]+ ! consequ5ces ( edisc5di negleg5tia4 non qua]it nova--be+ too mu* occupi$ ) ! attempt to rememb] :at he _h writt54 de memoria disputationi de memoria4 ,see xi4 #b4 #ahe ,,critical ,,notes4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,abbreviations4 ,bn codex ,b]n5sis s4 x4 ,bg codex ,bamb]g5sis s4 x4 ,b conspirantes lectiones ,b]n5sis et ,bamb]g5sis4 ,g codicis ,bamb]g5sis eae p>tes quae alia manu suppletae sunt4 ,introd4 p4 lviii4 b manus secunda codicis ,bamb]g5sis4 ,h codex ,h>leianus 7#bffd7 s4 x-xi4 ,introd4 p4 lxiv1 sqq4 ,f codex ,flor5t9us4 ,t codex ,turic5sis4 ,n codex ,p>is9us ,no/radam5sis s4 x-xi4 ,ioan4 codex ,ioann5sis s4 xiii4 ,= ! above 7) ! exception ( ,h & ,ioan4 & a fre% collation ( ,bg & ,g7 ,i h dep5d$ on ,spald+1 ,halm1 & ,mei/]4 ,9 ! same way ,i quote ref]5ces occasionally to ,m 7codex ,monac5sis s4 xv71 ,s 7codex ,arg5torat5sis s4 xv71 & ,l 7codex ,lassb]g5sis s4 xv71 ! ,go?anus1 ,guelf]bytanus1 ,vossiani1 c4 ,a collation ( ! foll[+ has k9dly be5 put at my disposal by ,m4 ,*4 ,fi]ville1 ,c5seur des tudes au ,lyce ,*>lemagne 7,introd4 p4 lxi1 sqq473-- ,codex ,prat5sis 7,prat47 s4 xii4 ,codex ,puteanus 7,put47 s4 xiii4 ,codex ,p>is9us 7#gbca7 s4 xii4 ,codex ,p>is9us 7#gfif7 s4 xii4 ,codex ,salmant9us 7,sal47 s4 xii-xiii4 ,! read+s ( ! ,codex ,vall5sis 7,vall47 are giv5 f ,be*]'s ,programm des knigli*5 ,gymnasiums zu ,auri*1 ,o/]n1 #ahia4 ,o!r #ae? c5t4 ,,mss41 :i* ,i h specially collat$ = ?is edition1 are ! foll[+ 7,introd4 p4 lxxiii1 sqq473-- ,codex ,h>leianus #bffb 7,h>l4 #bffb74 ,! inscription on ?is codex be>s t x 0 f9i%$ #be? ,jan41 #adcd4 ,codex ,h>leianus #aafga 7,h>l4 #aafga71 be>+ date #adfg4 ,codex ,h>leianus #diie 7,h>l4 #diie71 dat$ #e? ,july1 #adgj4 ,codex ,h>leianus #diej 7,h>l4 #diej74 ,codex ,h>leianus #dhbi 7,h>l4 #dhbi74 ,codex ,burneianus #bdc 7,burn4 #bdc74 ,codex ,burneianus #bdd 7,burn4 #bdd74 ,codex ,balliol5sis 7,ball474 ,?is ,,ms4 is mutilat$1 & conta9s no?+ aft] x4 #f1 #d3 !re is moreov] a lacuna f *4 ii to iii #bf4 ,codex ,dorvilianus 7,dorv471 9 ! ,bodleian at ,ox=d 7codd4 man4 x4 #a1 #a1 #ac74 ,codex ,bodleianus 7,bodl474 ,! read+s ( ! ,codex ,c>casson5sis 7,c--#ae? c5t47 are giv5 f ,m4 ,fi]ville's collation 7,de ,qu9tilianeis ,codicibus1 ,p>is1 #ahgd74 #ahf ,,*apt] ,i4 #a4 cognitioni1 ,h>l4 #diie3 ,burn4 #bdc 7& s ,go?anus1 ,spald474 ,cogitationi ,g & mo/ codd41 probably mi/ak+ a contraction 9 ! anci5t text4 #b4 sciet ,g4 ,! read+ sci]it 7,h>l4 #diie & _m codd47 is probably due to ,h1 :i* gives sciuit 7s ,,ft74 quae quoque s9t modo dic5da4 ,s ,,ghftl1 & ,halm4 ,! alt]native read+ is quo quaeque s4 m4 d41 ,s & all my #ae? c5t4 ,,mss3 ,spald+ & ,mei/]1 ) ! approval ( ,be*]4 ,see note ad loc4 ,9 ! p>allel passages i4 #h4 #a ,halm adopts ,spald+'s read+ 7ut sciat7 quo quidque flexu 444 dic5dum = quid quoque ,,abms1 & i4 #f4 #af 7notatum7 quo quidque modo cad]et = quid quoque ,,bms1 & s ,mei/]3 ,fi]ville returns to ! read+ ( ! ,,mss4 ,9 support ( quo quaeque o!r exx4 might be cit$3 v4 #aj4 #ag quo quaeque modo res vit>i vel appeti soleat1 & vi4 #d4 #bb quo quaeque ord9e probatio sit pr(]5da4 ,b ! p>allel in/ances 9 ! ,t5? ,book quot$ 9 ! notes 7#a #h3 #g #e & #f7 seem to gu>antee ! correctness ( ! read+ ( ! olde/ ,,mss43 ?\gh x is bett] to take quoque z ! ablative ( quisque ?an 7z ,halm7 z ! relative ) que4 tam53 ,,ghft ,h>l4 #diej3 tanquam ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga1 #diie1 #dhbi1 ,l ,s ,bodl4 ,ball4 ,burn4 #bdc ,dorv4 ,9 ,burn4 #bdd tanquam is correct$ to tam54 ,p>atam expla9s 9 proc9ctu3 s t tanquam is n s necess>y z velut 9 xii4 #i4 #ba4 #c4 ante omnia e/3 s all codd41 & ,halm4 ,hirt 7,jahresb4 des philol4 ,v]e9s zu ,b]l9 viii4 p4 #fi sq4 #ahhb3 ix4 p4 #cab sq4 #ahhc7 conjectur$ ante omnia necess>ium e/1 & ?is is approv$ by ,kid]l9 7,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 #ahhg1 p4 #ded73 cp4 necess>ium j above1 & necess>ia 9 #a4 ,s*ll 7,rh4 ,mus4 #cd1 p4 #hd7 fir/ *all5g$ ! ,,ms4 read+1 & sugge/$ t ! orig9al may h be5 ante omnia /at atque1 corrupt$ into ante omnia/ at atque3 = :i* use ( /o1 see ,bonn4 ,lex4 s4v4 ii4 4 ,z an alt]native sugge/ion he put =w>d ante omnia necesse e/1 & ?is 0 adopt$ by ,mei/]4 ,be*] 7,phil4 ,runds*4 iii4 #ad4 #dbh7 propos$ ante omnia sciet1 ?\gh m rec5tly he has signifi$ 8 adh]5ce to ! tradition ( ! ,,mss4 ,maehly sugge/$ ante omnia opus esse4 ,p]haps ! true read+ may be ante omnia prode/4 ,! "q dep5ds to "s ext5t on ! treatm5t ( ! foll[+ passage4 ,,gh agree 9 giv+ proximam de9de inimitationem novissimam scrib5di quoque dilig5tia4 ,?is ,halm conv]t$ into proximum de9de imitatio e/1 novissimum 444 dilig5tia1--:]e ! e/ is c]ta9ly sup]flu\s 7cp4 i4 #c4 #a71 :ile x may be d\bt$ 7comp>+ ii4 #ac4 #a & iii4 #f4 #ha--,kid]l9 l4c47 :e!r proxima de9de imitatio1 novissima c4 w\ld n be a suffici5t *ange3 ,kid]l9 comp>es #8proxima huic n>ratio1' ii4 #ac4 #a1 & #8novissima qualitas sup]e/1' & objects to ! citation ( #8proximum imitatio1' 9 #a4 #c1 9 support ( ! neut]1 on ! gr\nd t !re #8signum +5ii' is to be suppli$4 ,kid]l9's propos$ modification ( ,gemoll's conjecture 7l4c4 p4 #ded note1 cp4 ,rhe94 ,mus4 #df p4 #aj note7 proximum de9de multa lectio is adopt$ by ,krg] 7#crd ed471 :o ?9ks t ! sequ5ce ( ?\ght makes ! special m5tion ( leg]e 7alongside ( dic]e & scrib]e7 a necessity3 multa corresponds to dilig5tia 9 :at foll[s3 cp4 multa lectione #aj4 ,b leg]e has already be5 t\*$ on 9 #b1 & moreov] is includ$ "u imitatio 7sc4 exemplorum ex lectione et auditione repetitorum74 #d4 iam op]e4 ,s ,h>l4 #diie & ,regius3 all o!r codd4 iam op]e iam4 ,be*] reports iam op]e also f ! ,vall5sis4 qua ratione4 ,= qua 9 oratione1 ! read+ ( all ,,mss41 ,hirt conjectur$ #ahg qua ex]citatione4 ,s*ll propos$ to reject 9 oratione z a gloss3 b qua by itself 7sc4 via7 is only us$ by ,qu9t4 ) v]bs ( motion3 see on #g #aa4 ,9 8 late/ pap] 7,rhe9is*es ,museum1 #df1 pp4 #aj-ac1 #ahia71 ,kid]l9 subjects ! :ole ( #d to a se>*+ & de/ructive analysis4 ,he translates3 #8do* ni*t d>b]1 wie d] ,r$n] h]anzubild5 i/1 spre*5 wir 9 diesem ,abs*nitte 7d5n dies i/ g5g5d od] w5ig/5s s gut1 als wir konnt51 bespro*5 word57 sond]n d>b]1 dur* wel*e ,art von ,uebung d] ,a?let1 wel*] alle ,bewegung5 von se9em ,lehr] b]eits g5au erl]nt hat1 fr die ,kmpfe vorzub]eit5 i/4' ,he d\bts :e!r su* passages z #cc & #g #a c be cit$ to ju/ify ! abrupt transition f orator to a?lete1 on ! gr\nd ( ! =mal anti!sis 9 :i* ! two /& to ea* o!r1--#8orator' com+ 9 at ! end ( "o clause1 & #8a?leta' /&+ at ! head ( ano!r1 9 front ( #8quo g5]e ex]citationis4' ,& yet x is j ! #8orator' :o is to be und]/ood 9 ! #8a?leta4' ,z to ! s5t5ce introduc$ by #8,igitur eum1' if by #8a?leta qui omnes iam p]didic]it a praeceptore num]os' we are to und]/& "o :o has ma/]$ ! :ole !ory ( rhetoric1 !n x adds no?+ to :at has be5 said already1 & is !re=e altoge!r sup]flu\s4 ,kid]l9 proposes to read3 s$ ut 7s ,l & ,s1--also ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie7 a?leta1 qui omnes iam p]didic]it a praeceptore num]os1 multo 7nonnullo87 v>ioque 7numuro quae ,g1--also ,h3 num muro quae ,t3 num]oque ,f ,l2 nimirum quo ,s7 g5]e ex]citationis ad c]tam9a praep>&us erit 7sit1 ! codd47 ita 7s ,s1--also ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie & ,bodl47 eum1 qui 444 p]cep]it1 in/ruamus1 qua 9 praep>atione 7qua 9 oratione1 ! codd47 quod didic]it fac]e quam optime1 quam facillime possit4 ,ut may easily1 he cont5ds1 h fall5 out be=e at3 & ! runn+ ( ?ree words into "o 7num]os multo v>io--num]o7 is p>allel$ by su* a case z #bc1 :]e x w be f\nd t ,kid]l9 sees ut duo tresque 9 utrisque4 ,= #8multo v>ioque' he comp>es viii4 #e4 #bh multis ac v>iis3 x4 #e4 #c multas ac v>ias3 xi4 #c4 #afc v>ia et multiplex3 xii4 #a4 #g totae tam v>iis2 &1 = #8v>ioque1' vii4 #c4 #af latiore v>ioque1 & xii4 #aj4 #cf sublimes v>iique4 #8,v>io g5]e' actually occurs i4 #aj4 #g1 & multo may easily h be5 writt5 9 ! s+ul>1 l nonnullus vi4 #c4 #aa 7hoc nonnullam obs]vationem habet7 & else:]e4 ,! motive = *ang+ que1 quae1 into quo & erit 7e/87 into sit may h be5 ! analogy ( ! =ego+ quomodo sit4 ,z = ut 7sicut7 ita 7sic71 x is s fav\rite a =m ) ,qu9tilian t he uses x sev5 times 9 ! fir/ n9ete5 p>agraphs ( ?is *apt]4 ,qua 9 oratione1 ! read+ ( all ,,mss41 may h result$ f qua 9 praep>atione m probably ?an f qua ratione1 :i* appe>s fir/ 9 ! ed4 ,col4 #aebg1 & is n s appropriate to ! context z qua 9 praep>atione 7cp4 praep>&us above1 & p>&ae bel[74 ,qu9tilian is detail+ 9 ?is ,book on :at prep>ation 7cp4 praep>ant #ce1 comp>ant #fg1 praep>etur #f #f1 praep>antur #g #ai7 ! orator may be/ & mo/ easily c>ry out 9 practice :at he has le>nt !oretically4 ,= ! preposition 79 praep>atione7 cp4 viii4 pr4 #bb3 ut 9 hac dilig5tia det]ior etiam fiat oratio4 ,! text ( ,qu9tilian1 especially ( ?is "p ( ! ,t5? ,book1 is admitt$ly v defective1 & invites em5dation3 !re is a great deal to be said = ! !ory t 9 _m places sev]al words mu/ h dropp$ out4 ,kid]l9's attempts to rem$y exi/+ defects are always m>k$ by ! greate/ +5uity3 !y are all well wor? record+ z evid5ces ( critical ability & insight1 ev5 ?\gh x may be t n all ( !m w be receiv$ into ! ultimate text4 ,"h !re seems no reason :y ,qu9tilian1 :o 0 notori\sly a loose writ]1 %\ld n h said 9 ! conclud+ s5t5ce ( ! p>agraph :at he _h already said1 9 ! =m ( a metaphor1 9 ! clause imm$iately prec$+4 ,inde$ ! ^w igitur seems to sugge/ t aft] indulg+ 9 8 fav\rite metaphor 7s$ a?leta1 c47 he wi%es to resume1 z x 71 & is n[ go+ on to say :at he means 9 m ord9>y language4 ,x may n be arti/ic3 b x is ,qu9tilian4 ,if he _h _h "s ( 8 mod]n critics at #ahh 8 side :5 prep>+ a second edition ( ! ,in/itutio "s ( 8 angul>ities might h be5 smoo!d away4 #e4 ,non ergo4 ,mei/] & #8edd4 vett4'3 ,i f9d ?is read+ 9 ,h>l4 #diie1 & ,burn4 #bdc4 ,s ,vall4 ,halm4 has ,num ergo1 & s mo/ codd4 7includ+ ,,hft ,bodl4 & ,ball474 #f4 ex 84 ,qy4 ex iis8 s #abh3 cp4 ,introd4 p4 xlix4 #g4 quo idem1 ,mei/] & #8edd4 vett4'3 quod idem ,halm1 support$ by ,be*] & ,hirt1 p]haps rightly4 ,ne>ly all my ,,mss4 agree ) ,,gls 9 quod3 quo occurs 9 ,h>l4 #diie only4 #h4 quod quoque ,,gh ,halm1 ,mei/]3 quid quoque 7z #g #e7 occurs 9 ,l ,s1 also 9 ,bodl41 ,ball4 ,= quid ,zumpt cites also ,p>4 #a & #b3 i4e4 #ggbc & #ggbd 7,fi]ville74 ,aptissimum 7/rangely mangl$ 9 mo/ codd4--e4g4 locis ita petissimum ,g7 is giv5 rightly 9 ,dorv4 #i4 omnibus enim f]e v]bis4 ,?is read+1 ascrib$ by ,mei/] to ,badius1 & by ,halm to ed4 ,colon4 7#aebg71 ,i h f\nd 9 ,h>l4 #diie 7,a4,d4 #adgj73 f]ebis vel ,g ,h3 f]e rebus vel ,l ,s ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diej1 #dhbi4 ,f ! ,vall5sis ,be*] reports f]e v]bis vel4 intu]i1 ed4 ,col4 #aebg4 ,9 ,h>l4 #aafga ,i f9d int]im intu]i3 ,h>l4 #bffb ,l ,s ,ball41 ,dorv41 ,bodl41 int]im tu]i4 quae nitidiore 9 p>te occurs fir/ 9 ed4 ,col4 #aebg3 ,vall4#b ,h>l4 #diie ,go?4 ,voss4 ii4 %[s quae cultiore 9 p43 ,,gh quaetidiorem 9 p43 ,,ls ,h>l4 #bffb ,guelf4 ,bodl4 quae utiliore 9 p4 #aj4 cum omnem1 c4 cum omnem mis]monem a4 pr4 accipiamus ,,gh3 cum omnem enim1 mo/ codd4 ,osann1 foll[$ by ,gemoll & ,krg] 7#crd ed471 sugge/$ omnem enim s]monem a4 pr4 accipimus4 #aa4 alia v]o1 ,frots*]3 aliave ,,gh3 aliaque ,h>l4 #diie4 ,?is la/ ,be*] n[ pref]s 7alia que ,vall43 alia quae ,regius71 comp>+ ix4 #c4 #hi & ix4 #d4 #hg4 quasi tam51 ,spald+1 ,zumpt1 ,mei/] & ,krg] 7#crd ed473 tropicos qu>e tam ,,gh1 qu>e tam51 lat] ,,mss4 ,halm obeliz$ qu>e tam53 ,mayor only qu>e4 ,be*] recomm5ds tam5 by itself4 ,g5sl] 7,anal4 p4 #be7 reads tam5 quasi1 & is foll[$ by ,hild1 :o takes quasi ) f]untur 9 ! s5se ( ref]untur 773 ,zumpt took x ) eundem intellectum4 ,gemoll approves ( ! exclusion ( qu>e1 :i* he ?9ks mu/ h aris5 f a gloss figurate 7ei!r m>g9al or int]l9e>7 on 4 ,kid]l9 adopts ?is & ?9ks ! qu>e tam ( ,,ghl a mutilation ( ! gloss figurate3 gurate & qu>e t are n f> ap>t4 #ab4 figur>um ,g 7p] comp5dium73 figuranus ,h4 ,kid]l9 sugge/s mutuatione figur>um1 sc4 o/5dimus3 aft] :i* ,qu9tilian cont9ues #8s$ etiam ex proximo mutu>i licet4' ,cp4 ,cic4 de ,or4 iii4 #aef translationes quasi mutuationes sunt4 ,kid]l9 adds 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #df1 p4 #ad note7 t 9 iii4 #d4 #ad all ,,mss4 wrongly give mutantes = mutuantes1 & 9 i4 #d4 #g ,a#a has mutamur = mutuamur4 #ae4 hoc sunt exempla pot5tiora4 ,hoc is a conj4 ( ,regius 7also ,vall4#b71 all ! ,,mss4 giv+ haec 7hec74 ,hoc appe>s 9 ! ,basle ed4 ( #aeee & 9 t ( ,leyd5 #affe4 ,x is *all5g$ by ,s*ll 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #dd1 p4 #he71 :o says quia /&s too f> away f hoc to all[ ( su* a con/ruction1 & ?9ks ! context has be5 misund]/ood4 ,accord+ to him haec exempla 7^? d]iv$ f lectio & auditio7 are set ov] aga9/ ^? :i* "o gets 9 !oretical books & lectures3 !y are m tell+1 because !y act directly on ! m9d1 & are n s]v$ up z dry !ory 9 ! =m ( extracts 7#8quia quae doctor praecepit orator o/5dit'74 ,he !re=e und]/&s #8ipsis 7exemplis7 quae traduntur artibus1' b admits t #8etiam' is ?us otiose1 & w\ld !re=e read quam ipsis quae traduntur artibus4 ,s*ll is support$ by ,hirt 7,jahresb4 des philol4 ,v]e9s zu ,b]l91 #ahhb1 p4 #gj71 :o ?us gives ! s5se ( ! passage3 #8,d] ,worts*atz wird dur* ,lektre und vieles #ahi ,hr5 erworb54 ,ab] ni*t nur se9etweg5 soll man les5 und hr52 man soll es au* no* aus e9em &]5 ,grunde4 ,9 allem nmli*1 0 wir lehr51 s9d diese ,beispiele1 d4h4 diej5ig51 wel*e uns die ,lektre und d] ,vortrag biet51 wi*tig] selb/ als die ,beispiele wel*e die ,h&b*] und ,vorlesung5 d>biet51 weil1 0 d] ,lehr] nur als ,=d]ung auf/ellt1 bei dem ,r$n] ,t geword5 i/ und si* dur* d5 ,erfolg bewhrt hat4' ,iwan ,mll] 7,bursian's ,jahresb4 vii4 #ahgi1 #b1 p4 #afh7 objects t if ,qu9tilian _h wi%$ to convey ?is mean+ he w\ld h said1 n haec exempla1 b h9c ducta 7petita7 or quae h9c ducuntur 7petuntur7 exempla2 & he rightly desid]ates also quam quae 797 ipsis traduntur artibus4 ,mei/] also opposes ,s*ll 7,philol4 xlii4 p4 #adi73 ! ord] quam ipsis quae traduntur artibus is 9 fact impossible4 ,on ! :ole x seems mu* bett] to keep hoc1 & to und]/&3 #89 all in/ruction1 example is bett] ?an precept3 ! doctor relies only on precept1 ! orator on example4' ,g]tz conjectures nam omnium quaecunque docemus h9c 7cp4 v4 #aj4 #e3 xii4 #b4 #ca7 sunt exempla1 pot5tiora 7i4e4 quae pot5tiora sunt7 etiam ipsis quae traduntur artibus4 ,b ) h9c1 z ,kid]l9 obs]ves1 "s o!r v]b ?an sunt w\ld be expect$3 v4 #aj4 #ae is an unc]ta9 conjecture1 ! ,,mss4 giv+ nihil1 & 9 xii4 #b4 #ca h9c belongs to bibat & sumptam4 ,kid]l9 himself at fir/ propos$ haec prae/ant exempla1 pot5tiora3 ?is he n[ )draws1 h[ev]1 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #df1 p4 #ae7 9 fav\r ( haec sugg]unt exempla1 pot5tiora1 c4 ,by haec he und]/&s leg]e & audire1 & gives ! sequ5ce ( ?\ght z foll[s3--#8,ab] w5n au* auf diese ,weise e9e ,flle von ,ausdrck5 erworb5 wird1 s i/ das do* ni*t d] e9zige ,zweck des ,les5s und ,hr5s4 ,d5n von allem 0 wir lehr5 7ni*t nur von d5 ,ausdrck57 lief]t dieses 7das ,les5 und ,hr57 ,beispiele1 wel*e no* wirksam] s9d als die vorgetrag55 ,!orie5 selb/ 7w5n d] ,l]n5de s weit gefrd]t i/1 dass er die ,beispiele ohne ,beihilfe v]/eh5 und sie b]eits aus eig5] ,kraft befolg5 kann71 weil d] ,r$n] das zeigt1 0 d] ,lehr] nur vorges*rieb5 hat4' ,= sugg]]e ,kid]l9 comp>es i4 #aj4 #g artibus1 quae 444 vim occultam sugg]unt1 & v4 #g4 #h ea res sugg]et mat]iam int]rogationi3 cp4 also #ac quorum nobis ub]tatem ac divitias dabit lectio1 & ii4 #b4 #h licet satis exemplorum ad imit&um ex lectione supp$itet4 #af4 imag9e et ambitu r]um3 s ,h>l4 #bffb ,l ,s ,ball4 ,burn4 #bdc & ,bodl43 foll[$ by ,spald+1 ,frots*]1 ,h]b/1 & ,bonnell4 ,,gh give imag9e ambitu r]um4 ,halm 7aft] ,bursian7 bracket$ ambitu3 b x is m probable t imag9e is a gloss on ambitu ?an vice v]sa 7s ,hirt & ,kid]l971 & ,mei/] accord+ly 7foll[$ by ,krg] #crd ed47 reads imag9e ambitu r]um4 ,x seems j z likely1 h[ev]1 t et has fall5 out4 ,h]tz sugge/$ imag9e ambituve r]um3 ,maehly ?9ks t ambitu 0 orig9ally tantum4 nec =tune modo4 ,g]tz propos$ nec =ma modo3 pro ,mil4 #a movet nos =ma ipsa et species v]i iudicii4 #ag4 accommodata ut3 ed4 ,col4 #aebg1 & s ,mei/] & ,krg] 7#crd ed473 commodata ut ,halm 7aft] ,bursian73 commoda ut ,spald41 ,frots*41 ,h]b/1 & ,bonnell4 ,,ghs give commoda aut3 ,l & all my ,,mss commoda ut 7except ,burn4 #bdc :i* %[s com5dat ut74 et1 ut semel dicam4 ,kid]l9 w\ld delete et1 r5d]+ #8,/imme1 ,aktion1 ,vortrag i/1 um es kurz zu sag51 alles 9 glei*] ,weise belehr5d4' #ah4 plac5t--laudantur--plac5t3 s ,halm & mo/ edd41 foll[+ ,s1 ) :i* all my ,,mss4 agree4 ,! emphasis ga9$ by ! opposition ( plac5t & non plac5t makes ?is read+ probable4 ,b ,,gh give laudetur3 & s ,mei/] & ,krg] 7#crd ed47 pref] to foll[ ,regius 9 read+ placeant--laud5tur--plac5t4 #ai4 e contr>io4 ,?is read+1 :i* ,mei/] adopts f #8edd4 vett41' occurs 9 #aij ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdc1 #bdd1 ,bodl4 & ,dorv4 ,be*] reports x also f ! ,vall5sis4 ,halm wrote contr>ium4 actionis impetu1 ,spald4 & ,krg] 7#crd ed473 actionis impetus ,,gh & all ,,mss4 7except ,vall41 9 :i* ! s 9 impetus has be5 delet$73 ut actionis impetus ,halm & ,mei/]4 tractemus ,,ghl3 tractamus all my ,,mss43 retractemus ,spald41 ,halm1 ,mei/]4 ,be*] 7,phil4 ,runds*4 iii4 #ad4 #dbi7 supports tractemus1 argu+ t ! phrase is a sort ( h5diadys repet5do tractemus 7cp4 ,frots*]1 & ,bonn4 ,proleg4 to ,lex4 p4 xxxviii71 or t ! re ( repetamus is to be suppli$ 9 ?\ght ) tractemus3 cp4 ,cic4 de ,div4 #a #a #8praes5sionem et sci5tiam r]um futur>um4' ,tractamus 9 #e #h also supports ?is read+4 it]atione1 ,h>l4 #diie & ,vall4#b3 mo/ ,,mss4 alt]catione 7z ,g7 or alt]atione 7z ,h>l4 #bffb74 #bb4 illud v]o4 ,! ,,mss4 v>y betwe5 illa 7,,gh7 & illud 7,h>l4 #diie ,vall4#b74 ,kid]l9 sugge/s illa 444 utilissima4 #bc4 ,qu9 etiam si 444 tam53 s all ,,mss4 ,mei/] & ,krg] 7#crd ed47 accept ,eussn]'s proposal to exclude qu94 ,be*] on ! o!r h& objects 7,bursian's ,jahresb4 #ahhg4 xv4 #b1 p4 #i74 ,f "s po9ts ( view ! deletion w\ld be an improvem5t3 x w\ld br+ out bett] ! *ia/ic arrangem5t1 utilissimum 444 utrimque habitas leg]e actiones & easdem causas 444 utile erit scire4 ,b 7#a7 su* c>eless repetition 7qu9 etiam--qu9 etiam7 is n unusual 9 ,qu9t43 & 7#b7 si :5 foll[$ by tam5 (t5 etiamsi3 ,cic4 pro ,leg4 ,man4 #ej3 pro ,deiot4 #be3 ,sall4 ,bell4 ,iug4 #he1 #dh c41 s t x is n necess>y to connect etiam ) x l etiamsi 444 tam5 xi4 #c4 #dh4 ,! s5t5ce 7z recomm5d+ ! read+ ( ! #8m9us p>es actiones'7 =ms an exception to ! rule o!rwise consi/5tly foll[$1 #8non nisi optimus quisque leg5dus1' c4 ,aga9 ,spald+1 ,bonnell1 & ,hild put ! comma be=e1 n aft] aliquae1 :i* !y take ) requir5tur 7#8yet 9 "s cases'74 ,b ?is does n squ>e ) #8quoties cont+et utrimque habitas leg]e actiones1'--words :i* are di/9ctly aga9/ any idea ( select+ f ! #8m9us p>es4' causas ut quisque eg]it utile erit scire1 ,halm & ,mei/] foll[+ ed4 ,ald41 & ed4 ,colon4 #aebg3 causas utile erit scire ,vall43 all o!r codd4 causas utrisque erit scire4 ,mei/] ?9ks non inutile w\ld be m 9 accordance ) ,qu9tilian's usage4 ,gemoll sugge/s causas ut plures eg]9t int]]it scire1 ,kaibel ut quisque eg]it e re erit scire4 ,p]haps 7) ,be*]7 causas ut quisque eg]it int]]it scire4 ,kid]l9's treatm5t ( ! passage m]its a sep>ate notice4 ,he accepts ! fir/ qu9 etiam1 z ! read+ ( ! ,,mss41 & also z q appropriate to ! context 7#89 cases ev5 :]e ! combatants are n equally mat*$--z 7 ,demo/h5es & ,aes*9es'74 ,b he d\bts :e!r ,qu9tilian c\ld h writt5 two s5t5ces runn+1 ea* beg9n+ ) qu9 etiam1 & relies greatly on ! und\bt$ fact t 9 ! second all ! ,,mss4 h quis etiam1--qu9 be+ an em5dation by ,regius4 ,! ,,ms4 read+ is quis etiam easdem causas utrisque erit scire3 ?is ,kid]l9 w\ld at once conv]t into #8quis etiam illud utile neget 7or1 negat esse utile7 easdem causas ut quisque eg]it1 scire'8--comp>+ xii4 #aj4 #dh cet]um hoc quod vulgo s5t5tias vocamus 444 quis utile neget8 ,b ut quisque does n q satisfy him4 ,9 ! sequel ref]5ce is made to cases 9 :i* two & ev5 ?ree orators h h&l$ ! same !me3 ,kid]l9 !re=e proposes ut duo tresque = ! ,,ms4 utrisque4 ,! passage w\ld !n run3 #8quis etiam illud utile neget 7negat esse utile87 easdem causas ut duo tresque 7tresve87 egerint1 scire8' ,! position ( easdem causas is due to a desire = emphasis3 & = ! isolat$ position ( scire cp4 v4 #g4 #b quo m9us et amicus pro amico et inimicus contra inimicum possit v]um1 si integra sit ei fides1 dic]e4 #aia #bh4 poeticam o/5tationi comp>atam4 ,?is is ,s*ll's conj4 = ! ,,mss4 g5us o/5t4 comp>atum1 :i* is h[ev] def5d$ by ,be*] 9 ,bursian's ,jahresb4 7#ahhg71 p4 #dj3 he cont5ds t ! fem99e p>ticiples bel[ 7adligata1 depulsa7 ref] to poesis1 pres5t 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 & t ! text ( ! ,,mss4 is simply a case ( con/r4 3 cp4 ix4 #b4 #gi3 ib4 #c #c1 & su* passages z ,cic4 ,or4 #fh ego autem etiamsi quorundam gr&is et ornata vox e/ poet>um1 tam5 9 ea 7sc4 poesi71 c4 ,?is w\ld support also ! traditional read+ nescio an ulla #fe bel[1 :]e see note4 ,be*] expla9s ! ,,ms4 read+ z g5us 7sc4 poeticum or hoc g5us7 o/5t4 comp4 7esse7--,halm pr9ts g5us 99 99 99 o/5t41 & supposes t poeseos has fall5 out4--,= g5us cp4 #fh3 de ,or4 ii4 #ee1 :]e g5us hoc hi/ory4 ,s*ll's argum5t 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #cd1 p4 #hf7 is t ,qu9tilian _c h pass$ f g5us to adligata3 ,halm's g5us poeseos is n probable1 9 ! light ( ,qu9tilian's avoidance ( ! ^w poesis 7cp4 xii4 #aa4 #bf1 :]e x occurs once1 & !re only 9 ,a 9 rasura--,,gm giv+ poetas1 :i* 0 probably at fir/ ! read+ also ( ,a3 !re ,halm & ,mei/] n[ read poetica74 ,! text may h be5 alt]$ by int]polation f viii4 #c4 #aa3 namque illud g5us 7sc4 demon/rativum7 o/5tationi compositum solam petit audi5tium voluptatem1--f :i* passage g5us may h be5 writt5 9 :]e ! ,greek _h fall5 out1 giv+ rise to comp>atum4 ,mei/]1 :o adopts poeticam1 ?9ks x probable t ! ,greek ^w />t$ ! corruption4 ,o!r sugge/ions are praet] id quod1 g5us o/4 comp41 sol4 petit vol4 7,hild71--a transposition :i* does no good1 especially z x leaves no subject to #8iuv>i'3 figur>um s$ esse hoc eloqu5tiae g5us o/4 comp4 et 444 iuv>i 7,b9de72 fig41 +5uam o/4 comp>atam artem 7,gemoll72 ,kid]l9 7,h]mes #bc1 p4 #afd7 ?9ks we ought to assume a lacuna1 & w\ld read poeticam 7or poes987 ut illud demon/rativum g5us1 o/5tationi comp>atam3 cp4 ii4 #aj4 #aa3 v4 #aj4 #dc3 iii4 #g4 #bh3 viii4 #c4 #aa4 #cj4 neque ego3 ,spald41 ,frots*]1 ,h]b/1 ,halm1 ,mei/]4 ,neque ergo all ,,mss4 ,bonnell & ,frieze reta9 ! read+ ( ! ,,mss41 ! latt] expla9+ ergo #8viz4 because ,i h giv5 ?is caution to ! orator ab\t too close imitation ( ! poetic mann]4' #ca4 quodam ub]i3 ,spald4 = quodam mov]i ( ,,gh & all ,,mss4 except ,h>l4 #diie1 ,vail4#b & ,burn4 #bdc1 :i* give quodam molli4 ,kid]l9 sugge/s quodammodo ub]i1 ?9k+ t ub]i became u]i1 :ile ! lett]s mo 79 mov]i7 po9t to modo3 cp4 ix4 #a4 #g :]e ,a has quomo = quomodo1 & xi4 #c4 #ig :]e b has homo = hoc modo4 ,9 ! m>g9 ( ,bodl4 & ,dorv4 7bo? :i* h mov]i7 ,i f9d quodammodo v]o4 e/ enim1 ,h1 :i* 7l ,g7 has e/ also aft] solutum4 ,halm adopts ,osann's conjecture et5im3 ,kid]l9 sugge/s ea enim or i/a enim1 :i* may be "r4 ,be*] def5ds ! d\ble e/ 7,,gh71 comp>+ ix4 #c4 #g quod m9us mirum e/1 quia 9 natura v]borum e/1 & i4 #c4 #ad 7read+ s]vile e/ et 444 iniuria e/74 poetis1 ,h1 foll[+ b3 poesi ,spald4 #8recte ut videtur1' ,halm4 #cc4 adde quod1 ,regius foll[$ by ,mei/] & ,krg] 7#crd ed474 audeo quia ,,gh2 audio quia ,l ,s ,bodl4 ,ball4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 c4 ,halm adopt$ ,geel's conj4 ideoque3 & ! ,bonn4 ,mei/] ed4 reads adeo4 ,be*] proposes quid8 quod3 ,kid]l9 id eo magis 7=tius7 dic]e audeo4 ,! la/ conj4 revives :at ,i f9d is ! read+ ( "s old edd4 7e4g4 ed4 ,col4 #aebg & ,riccius #aegj7 quod dic]e =tius audeo quia1 except t f id eo ! eye might pass m easily to audeo4 opus1 accept$ f ,spald+ 7:o conjectur$ x indep5d5tly7 by ,halm & ,mei/]1 already appe>s 9 ed4 ,col4 #aebg & 9 t ( ,riccius #aegj4 #cd4 r]um exemplorumque4 ,kid]l9 suspects a lacuna aft] r]um & sugge/s ex cognitione r]um enim v5it copia exemplorum4 ,8 argum5t is t #aib :ile #8ex cognitione r]um' might s]ve z a sort ( explanation ( #8ex hi/oriis1' #8exemplorumque' mu/ also be acc\nt$ =1 & t aft] #8locum' we expect to he> :at advantage is d]iv$ f hi/orical lit]ature1 n f :at t advantage arises4 ,! omission by a copyi/ ( enim v5it copia expla9s h[ exemplorum comes to be jo9$ ) r]um3 cp4 xii4 #d4 #a 9 primis v]o abund>e debet orator exemplorum copia cum vet]um tum etiam novorum1 & esp4 ii4 #d4 #bj et multa inde cognitio r]um v5it exemplisque1 quae sunt 9 omni g5]e pot5tissima1 iam tum in/ruit1 cum res poscet1 usurum4 ,= ne omnia 7,badius & ,vall4#b7 ! codd4 give nec omnia1 :i* ,be*] pref]s4 #ce4 vitio factum e/ oratorum4 ,g gives e/ orum ) al4 oratorum writt5 9 above by ! h& :i* ,halm calls b4 ,h 7) ,,ftls ,bodl47 gives e/ alia oratorum1--"o ( _m /rong indications t x 0 copi$ f ,g3 = alia "s ,,mss4 give alias4 ,halm 7ii4 p4 #cfi7 ?9ks t orum 9 ,g may h /ood = rhetorum4 quae sunt i/is4 ,,ghls & ,vall4 all give s9t4 ,b iniu/a1 inhone/a1 inutilia are z def9ite z _! contr>ies4 ,/oici suppli$ by ,mei/]1 :om ,krg] foll[s4 ,kid]l9 w\ld place x aft] maxime1 j z ,socratici /&s aft] optime4 ,p]haps ,/oici & ,socratici are bo? glosses4 ,qu9t4 may simply be say+ t philosophical read+ improves ! matt] ( oratory 7de iu/is1 c47 & also ! =m 7by alt]cationes & int]rogationes74 ,/oici looks appropriate to de rebus div9is 7see note73 & argum5tantur acrit] is q 9 place z ref]r+ to ! ,/oic logic1 r5[n$ = its acut5ess 7,zell]1 ,epic4 ,/oics1 p4 #aah73 b on ! o!r h& int]rogationibus w\ld be z apt 9 reg>d to !m z to ! ,socratics4 ,cp4 de ,or4 i4 #dc ,/oici v]o no/ri disputationum su>um atque int]rogationum laqueis te inretitum t5]5t4 ,on ! alt]native explanation ( ! passage m5tion$ 9 ! note1 alt]cationibus & int]rogationibus are tak5 z datives 7z (t5 9 ,qu9t4 aft] praep>o71 ref]r+ to two well-und]/ood p>ts ( ! duty ( a c\nsel 9 an action-at-law4 ,z reg>ds ! alt]catio inde$1 previ\s writ]s on rhetoric _h n /at$ any special rules = its conduct1 probably 7z ,qu9t41 9 8 treatm5t ( ! subject1 sugge/s vi4 #d4 #a7 because x 0 suffici5tly cov]$ by precepts ( a m g5]al k9d4 ,9 a c\rt-(-law1 ! alt]catio 0 a discussion c>ri$ on betwe5 oppos+ advocates 9 ! way ( %ort answ]s or retorts3 x foll[$ 7:5 resort$ to7 ! exam9ation ( ! witnesses1 :i* 0 9 ,roman usage prec$$ by ! ma9 spee*es = ! prosecution & def5ce1 embrac+ all ! facts ( ! case 7,cic4 9 ,v]r4 i4 #a #ee74 ,cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #aei iam 9 alt]c&o 7,crassus7 inv5it p>em nem9em4--,see ,poiret1 ,l'loqu5ce judiciaire ,rome pp4 #bab-baf4 #cg4 qui s9t leg5di4 ,halm1 ,mei/]3 ,,ghl & all ,,mss4 qui s9t4 ,leg5di appe>s 9 ed4 ,col4 #aebg1 & ,i h f\nd x also ins]t$ by a lat] h& above ! l9e 9 ! ,bodleian codex4 ,x may h fall5 out because ( leg5do above1 & ,spald+ is probably "r 9 reg>d+ x z indisp5sable4 ,!re seems h[ev] no reason = elim9at+ ! asyndeton by read+ et quae 7) ,mei/]7 or quaeque 7,halm74 ,kid]l9 7,h]mes1 #bc1 #ahhh p1 #afj7 sugge/s t ! orig9al may h run qui s9t qui pros9t3 cp4 #b #ad tum 9 ipsis quos eleg]imus quid sit ad quod nos effici5dum comp>emus3 xii4 #b4 #d quid sit quod memoriam faciat4 ,?is suits ! context1 cum tantum utilitatis 9 leg5do iudicemus1 & #dj paucos enim 444 utilitatis aliquid4 ,cp4 ii4 #e4 #bj nec prodesse tantum s$ etiam am>i pote/ 7,cic]o74 #ch4 quibuscum vivebat is bracket$ by ,krg] 7#crd ed471 z x _h already be5 by ,frots*] & ,h]b/4 ,?is read+ fir/ appe>s 9 ! ,ald9e edition3 ! only ,,ms4 9 :i* ,i h be5 able to f9d any trace ( x is ,burn4 #bdc1 :]e quibuscum convivebat is ins]t$ z a correction4 ,"s h refus$ to recognise x z a gloss1 9 spite ( ! unc]ta9ty ( ! ,,mss41 & h s\ght to int]pret x #8) :om he liv$ 9 close1 famili> int]c\rse' 7opp4 to quos vid]im #ih1 #aah73 cp4 ,cic4 de #aic ,(f4 i4 #adc quibuscum vivimus1 ib4 #df4 ,b 9 ,brut4 #bca ,cic]o di/9ctly says 9 hoc s]mone no/ro /atui nem9em eorum qui viv]5t nom9>e1 :5ce ,jeep 0 l$ to conj4 qui quidem viv]5t3 ,hort5sius1 = example1 0 #8aetatis suae1' b _h di$ f\r ye>s be=e ! date ( ! ,brutus4 ,s ,geel conjectur$ qui tum vivebant 7a read+ :i* h[ev] ,i f9d 9 ! ed4 ,col4 #aebg & ,riccius #aegj73 ,trnebladh qui quidem tum vivebant1 ,wrobel qui tunc vigebant 7cp4 #abb71 ,zambaldi ut quisque tum vivebat1 & ,kid]l9 qui quidem nondum e vita excess]ant2 see ,rhe94 ,mus4 #df1 p4 #bc4 ,&res5 propos$ to read qui quidem sesc5ti erant4 ,g 7& practically ,h7 gives quidqui convivebit4 ,,ft "p company ) ,h1 ! =m] read+ quod quid convivabit1 ! latt] quidque contuuebit 7man4 sec4 quod quisque contuebat74 ,_m ,,mss4 7e4g4 ,bodl4 ,ball4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie ,,ls7 h quid quisque convivebat 7convivabit ,l74 ,! ,c>casson5sis gives quid quod convivabit4 p]sequamur et philosophos4 ,p]sequamur is a conj4 ( ,regius adopt$ by ,mei/]3 all ,,mss4 give et ,graecos omnes et philosophos 7philosophis ,,hft74 ,9 ,h>l4 #diie 7:i* is dat$ ,a4,d4 #adgj7 ,i h h[ev] f\nd et philosophos exequ>3 & s 7,be*]7 a lat] h& 9 ,vall4 ,! read+ ( ! ed4 ,col4 #aebg is ,graecos omnes et philosophos et poetas p]sequi velim4 ,s*midt1 foll[$ by ,halm1 reject$ et philosophos z a gloss1 z bo? "h & 9 ! next s5t5ce ,qu9t4 is evid5tly speak+ ( orators only4 ,c]ta9ly1 if x /ood1 we %\ld expect ! poets & hi/orians to come 9 also4 ,accord+ly ,clauss5 7,quae/4 ,qu9t4 p4 #cce7 suspect$ a lacuna consi/+ bo? ( ! f9ite v]b & ! poets & hi/orians3 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 adopts 8 conjecture & reads si et illos et qui po/ea fu]unt et ,graecos omnes p]sequamur et poetas et hi/oricos et philosophos8 ,he cps4 #a #be nam si1 quantum de quaque re dici pote/1 p]sequamur1 f9is op]is non rep]ietur3 v4 #aj4 #ia3 viii4 #e4 #be4 ,s ,&res5 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #cj1 p4 #ebj71 except t he omits #8p]sequamur1' & proposes to read above de ,romanis tantum et oratoribus = et 9 s5se ( #8& t'3 cp4 #ea1 #id4 ,g]tz sugge/s et ,graecos omnes p]sequi velis nec oratores tantum1 s$ etiam poetas et hi/oricos et philosophos4 ,kid]l9 7,b]l4 ,jahr4 xiv4 #ahhh1 p4 #fb sq47 pref]s p]sequamur because ( iudicemus & adiungamus above4 ,if ! v]b c\ld be disp5s$ )1 he w\ld propose #8et praet] hos oratores etiam omnes poetas et hi/oricos et philosophos1'--argu+ t et praet] hos & philosophos may h run toge!r 9 ! eye ( ! copyi/ & s caus$ ! lacuna4 ,= et philosophos ,jeep sugge/$ explico novos4 #ci4 fuit igitur1 all codd43 fu]it1 ,regius4 ,t ! difficulty ( ! passage 0 felt by ! e>ly editors is obvi\s f ?is em5dation1 & also f ! fact t 9 #dj ! traditional read+ has be5 non e/ tam5 7= non e/73 s$ non e/1 ,spald+3 at non e/ ,osann4 ,tak+ #cg-de z !y /& ! sequ5ce ( ?\ght seems to be ?is3 #8,if ,i am ask$ to recomm5d individual writ]s ,i %all h to take refuge 9 "s su* utt]ance z t ( ,livy4 ,8 dictum 0 8read ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o fir/1 & let o!rs foll[ 9 ! ord] ( _! resemblance to ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o40 ,m9e is t !re is "s good to be got out ( almo/ e au?or1--except ( c\rse ! utt]ly wor?less4 ,b 7s$ non quidquid1 c4 #db7 ! p>ticul> object ,i h 9 view itself supplies a limitation = :at w\ld o!rwise be an endless task 7inf9iti op]is #cg74 ,my bus9ess is ! =mation ( /yle4 ,9 reg>d to ?is matt] !re is a diff]5ce ( op9ion--a cleavage betwe5 ! old s*ool & ! new 7see esp4 #dc74 ,?is op5s up ! :ole "q ( ! v>i\s g5]a dic5di1 a detail$ exam9ation ( :i* ,i mu/ po/pone3 = ! pres5t ,i %all take ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( lit]ature 7g5]a lectionum #de7 & m5tion 9 connection !re) c]ta9 repres5tative writ]s :o may s]ve z models = ! /ud5ts ( /yle 77iis7 qui confirm>e facultatem dic5di vol5t74' ,?is seems satisfactory en\gh1 especially 9 ! case ( s loose a writ] z ,qu9tilian4 #aid #ci & #dj are p>allel1 in/ead ( be+ anti!tical3 #ci says #8,livy's prescription 0 ! safe/1' :ile #dj gives a g5]al utt]ance on ! "p ( ,qu9tilian4 ,9 ea* deliv]ance brevitas is meant to be ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( individual repres5tatives ( poetry1 hi/ory1 oratory1 & philosophy4 ,9 8 ,beitrge zur ,heilung d] ,ueb]lief]ung 9 ,qu9tilians ,in/itutio ,oratoria 7,cassel1 #ahhi71 ,dr4 ,he9ri* ,pet]s makes "s v dra/ic proposals 9 reg>d to ! sections "u discussion4 ,he fails to see any satisfactory connection betwe5 ! purport ( #dj-db & t ( #cg-ci4 ,& he ?9ks ! /atem5t ( a summa iudicii 9 #dj is inconsi/5t ) ! special treatm5t ( individual au?ors :i* beg9s at #df4 ,on ^! & o!r gr\nds he proposes to transf] #dj-db 7d[n to accommodatum7 to #dd & read3 int]im non e/ dissimul&a no/ri quoque iudicii summa4 ,summa iudicii !n furni%es ! anti!sis to diss]am dilig5tius3 no/ri quoque iudicii receives additional po9t f ! ref]5ce to conflict+ views :i* imm$iately prec$e x3 an explanation is ga9$ ( ! emphasis laid 9 #dj-da on ! di/9ction betwe5 ! vet]es & ! novi1--! lat] sections #dc-dd expla9 ! prec$+ 7#dj-db73 & ! transition f ,livy's dictum 9 #ci to v]um antequam de s+ulis 9 #db is natural & easy4 ,!n ,dr4 ,pet]s w\ld propose to cont9ue3 quid sumat 7= summatim1 see bel[7 et a qua lectione pet]e possit qui confirm>e facultatem dic5di volet att+am4 ,?is gives a v satisfactory & ev5 a necess>y sequel1 he ?9ks1 to non quidquid 444 accommodatum4 ,sections #dj-db are !n address$1 n to ! /ud5t ( rhetoric1 b to ! disputants :o qu>rel ov] ! comp>ative m]its ( ! vet]es & ! novi3 ,qu9tilian says #8some?+ may be le>n$ f ev]ybody4' ,!n he cont9ues #8= ! =mation ( /yle a selection is necess>y1 & t ,i n[ proce$ to make "u ! two heads ( :at ! /ud5t is to appropriate & to :om he is to g = x4' quae e/ apud ,livium1 c4 ,s*ll unnecess>ily conjectur$ qua praecipit ,livius 7cp4 ii4 #e4 #bj7 or qua apud ,livium 9 ep4 ad fil4 praescribitur1--d\bt+ if brevitas c\ld h an acc4 & inf94 dep5d+ on x4 ,b see note4 ,g gives quae apud ,livium epi/ula1 9 be+ ins]t$ by ! second h&1 :i* ,h z usual foll[s4 #db4 ad faci5dam 4 ,?is is ! read+ n[ propos$ by ,kid]l9 79 ,h]mes1 vol4 xxiii4 p4 #afa71 ?\gh appe>$ z e>ly z ! edition ( ,riccius 7#aegj74 ,! foll[+ are ! ,,mss4 read+s ad f>is9 ,g3 ad faci5dam etiam ad f>is9 ,h 7aff>esim ,s4 ,h>l4 #bffb ,bodl4 ,ball4 aph>esim ,h>l4 #dbie7 ad faci5dam aff>is9 ,l4 ,mei/] adopts ! vulgate1 ad faci5dam etiam phras93 ,halm reads ad phras94 ,! p>allel passage 9 #hg cle>ly makes = faci5dam4 ,! probability is t #8phras9' 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,greek1 z at viii4 #a #a3 cp4 9 #a3 #ei3 #e #a1 :]e ! ,,mss4 v>y betwe5 ex 81 lexis1 exitum1 c43 #aa4 ,cp4 on #hg4 ,two ,p>is ,,mss4 7acc4 to ,zumpt7 %[ 4 ,etiam ,kid]l9 rejects3 p]haps h[ev] ! true read+ may be prot9us et ad faci5dam 4 de s+ulis loqu>1 ,g man4 #b ,h ,l & ,vall4 ,halm omits loqu>1 ) ,g4 #dd4 t5uia atque quae4 ,9 a v int]e/+ note 7,programm des knigli*5 ,gymnasiums zu ,auri*1 #ahia1 p4 #h7 ,be*] e/abli%es ! correctness ( ?is read+1 in/ead ( ! traditional t5uia et quae4 ,! ,vall5sis has t5uia atque que 7i4e4 atque quae73 = :at may appe> a cacophony1 ,be*] comp>es i4 #c4 #h atque ea quoque quae1 ,cic4 de ,leg4 ,agr4 ii4 #cc4 #ij atque qui4 #8,t ,v 7,vall47 has pres]v$ ! true read+ is confirm$ by ! o!r codices3 n only ,s1 :i* gives t5ia atque que1 b also ,,gl & ,h1 t5ui atque1 :i* is no?+ else ?an t5ui ,at,q,u,e1 i4e4 t5uia atque quae4' ,9 ! ,rh4 ,mus4 xi4 7#8zur ,kritik d] cic]onis*5 ,briefe' pp4 #eab-ac7 ,bue*el] says1 #8,"o ( ! commone/ s\rces ( corruption 9 ! ,flor5t9e codex is t :5 two 8consonant syllables0 foll[ ea* o!r1 "o is omitt$4 ,! #aie reason ( ?is ph5om5on is probably ! fact t 9 ! ar*etype ( :i* ?is ,,ms4 is an indirect copy ! s\nds :i* 7 to be repeat$ 7 di/+ui%$ by lett]s ( a l>g] size4' ,be*] f9ds ! same ph5om5on 9 ! manuscripts ( ,qu9tilian1 & gives ! foll[+ examples1 select$ at r&om f _m o!rs3 #de aliquos ,g7,h7,,lsv1 i4e4 ali,q,u,o,s aliquos quos3 #ed r$dit ,g7,h7,v1 i4e4 red,d,it r$didit 7s cod4 ,alm5473 #gi auditoris ,s 7audituris ,g1 also ,h71 i4e4 auditor,is auditoriis 7z ,vall4 ,m3 also ,ball4 ,dorv4 ,burn4 #bdd ,h>l4 #dhbi1 #diie73 ibid4 comp>at ,,gms 7& all my codd47 i4e4 comp,a,rat comp>>at3 #hd prob&oque ,g 7& ,h7 probando,q,u,e3 #hi etiam sit ,g 7see ,crit4 ,note ad loc47 etiam ,s,it4 ,especially significant is ix4 #d4 #da o =tunatam me consule ,romam ,,agm1 i4e4 o fortu,n,a,t,a,m me consule ,romam4--,be*] f9ds a fur!r gr\nd = atque1 z connect+ #8quae m9imum ab usu cotidiano rec$unt' m closely ?an et1 9 ! fact t already 9 ,cic]o t5uis is us$ ( a p]son ( ! common] sort1 #8unus de multis1' de ,leg4 iii4 #aj4 #bd4 l5is 444 g5]is4 ,= l5is ,krg] 7#crd ed47 reads levis1 adopt+ a conj4 ( ,mey] 7,halm ii4 p4 #cfi7 = :i* cp4 #eb 7levitas v]borum7 & v4 #ab4 #ah 7levia ac nitida73 support$ by ,be*] ,phil4 ,runds4 iii4 #ad4 #dcj4 ,9 ?is s5se levis 77 is opp4 to asp]3 cp4 de ,orat4 iii4 #aga /ru]e v]ba sic ut neve asp] eorum concursus neve hiulcus sit1 s$ quodam modo coagm5tatus et levis3 cp4 #agb3 ,orat4 #bj3 ,qu9t4 ii4 #e4 #i levis et quadrata compositio3 de ,orat4 iii4 #bja levitas coniunctionis3 ,brut4 #if3 de ,opt4 ,g54 ,or4 #b3 ,qu9t4 viii4 #c4 #f4 int]im4 ,h4 ,pet]s w\ld pref] nunc 7if ! text /&s z x is71 comp>+ v4 #aa4 #e2 #ad4 #cc3 ix4 #d4 #ai4 summatim quid et a qua4 ,kid]l9 approves ( ,mei/]'s ret5tion ( ! vulgate3 pet]e mu/ h an object4 ,s ,krg]1 #crd ed4 ,! orig9al read+ 9 ,g is sumat et a qua1 correct$ to sumat quia et a qua1 :i* occurs 9 ,,hftl4 ,bodl4 ,ball1 & my o!r ,,mss4 agree ) ,s 9 read+ summa = sumat4 ,ev5 if ! text /&s 7)\t 8 propos$ inv]sion7 ,h4 ,pet]s w\ld pref] quid sumat et a qua1 z ne>] ! ,,mss4 #de4 paucos enim qui sunt em95tissimi4 ,mei/] & ,krg] #crd ed4 h paucos 7sunt enim em47 #8nur w5ige'3 cp4 hos 7sc4 tantum7 #ia4 ,halm reads paucos enim 7sunt autem em47 ,,gh give paucos enim sunt em4 ,l & ! ,briti% ,museum ,,mss4 all read paucos sunt enim4 ,! text is t ( ed4 ,col4 #aebg adopt$ by ,zambaldi1 & approv$ by ,kid]l93 cp4 #aja qui sunt dulciores3 ix #d4 #cg quae sunt asp]iores4 ,osann propos$ paucos enim1 sunt enim4 8 simillimi1 ,halm1 support$ by ,be*]1 :o comp>es #ci3 8 similes ,mei/] & ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,g has hi similibus1 correct$ by ! same h& to simillimis3 ,h gives 8 simillimis3 all ! o!r ,,mss4 8 simillimi4 plures is ! common read+1 & occurs 9 ,h>l4 #diie1 & also ,vall4 7,be*]74 ,,ghft give plurimis3 ,,ls & ! lat] ,,mss4 g5]ally plurimos4 ,kid]l9 proposes pluris iis z be+ ne>] plurimis4 ,! pron\n1 he argues1 is n sup]flu\s1 because ,qu9tilian is di/+ui%+ betwe5 #8qui confirm>e fac4 dic4 vol5t' 7i4e4 ^? :o h f9i%$ _! rhetorical /udies & want practice7 & ! #8/udiosi' 7"y m5 busy ) !ory74 ,! latt] w read m au?ors ?an ^? = :om ?is book is int5d$1 its aim be+ 7#d7 to in/ruct ! "y orator 7aft] ! /age ( !ory7 h[ be/ & mo/ readily to use :at he has acquir$4--,= aliquos quos see on t5uia atque quae #dd above4 qui a me nom9abuntur1 ed4 ,col4 #aebg2 ,,gh h quia nom43 ,vall4 ,,ls qui nom4 ,h]tz rejects a me1 & he may be "r4 #df4 omnium flum9um4 ,,ghl ,bodl4 annium3 ,s ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diej1 ,ball4 amnium vim4 ,halm1 foll[+ ,osann1 read omnium amnium3 b ?\gh omnium is necess>y 7cp4 ,il4 #ba4 #aif71 ,qu9tilian w\ld surely h avoid$ su* #aif a cacophony z omnium amnium4 ,wlffl9 conjectur$ omnium flum9um 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #db1 ,pt4 #a1 #ahhg1 p4 #add71 & ?is is n[ accept$ by ,mei/] 7vol4 ii4 p4 #cfb & ,pref4 to ,book x1 p4 xiii74 ,wlffl9 supposes t ! ar*etype _h omnium fontiumque1 flum9um hav+ fall5 out3 omnium 0 !n correct$ into amnium4 ,amnis h[ev] is r>e1 & flum9um n only secures an apt allit]ation1 b is con/antly f\nd3 cp4 #gh puro fonti quam magno flum9i propior3 viii4 #c4 #gf magnorum flum9um navigabiles fontes3 ,lucr4 iv4 #ajbd3 v4 #bfa1 #ide 7#8fluvii fontesque'73 ,ovid ,met4 i4 #ccd4 #dg4 ac consiliorum ,l3 hac con4 ,g3 et con4 ,prat4 ,put4 atque con4 #gbca1 #gfif4 #dh4 op]is sui +ressu3 op]is si +ressus ,,gh3 op]is sui ,bodl43 op]is ,prat4 ,put4 ,s ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 ,dorv4 ,ball4 ,badius conj4 +ressu1 & ,halm add$ 91 :i* is h[ev] unnecess>y3 cp4 iv4 #a4 #cd op]um suorum pr9cipiis3 iv4 pr4 #d initiis op]um suorum4 ,be*] keeps +ressus1 b makes x a g5itive dep5d5t on v]sibus4 ,two ,ox=d ,,mss 7,bodl4 & ,dorvilianus7 give nam = non1 & 9 ! =m] case ! nam looks v l viam4 ,x is possible t viam may be ! true read+3 cp4 ii4 #aj4 #a qu>um 7mat]i>um7 antequam viam +r$ior 444 pauca dic5da sunt1--?\gh !re ! phrase ref]s to ent]+ on ! regul> treatm5t ( a subject4 ,age v]o is n always f\nd ) que/ions1 ,h& ,turs4 i4 p4 #baa4 ,)\t non1 ! read+ may possibly be age v]o viam utriusque op]is +ressus1 9 paucissimis1 c4 ,! si aft] op]is may h aris5 f op]i s +ressus4 ,! ,,mss4 are unanim\s = +ressus1 & ! awkw>dness ( op]is sui +ressu 9 pauc4 v]s4 makes x v probable t some?+ is wrong4 ,utrumque opus +ressus w\ld h be5 m natural3 viam utriusque op]is +ressus is n f> (f x4 ,p]haps h[ev] x w\ld be pref]able to keep ! "q & read nonne viam ut4 op4 +ressus4 nam b5evolum4 nam et b51 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif3 s too ! ,c>casson5sis4 #di4 cet]aque g5]a4 ,,ghl & ! ,brit4 ,mus4 ,,mss4 give cet]aque quae3 s too ,bodl4 & ,ball4 ,g5]a 0 conjectur$ by ,caes> 7,philol4 xiii4 p4 #geg74 ,s*ll 79 ,krg] #crd ed47 proposes cet]aeque viae 444 multae3 ,kid]l9 cet]aque1 quae prob&i ac refut&i sunt1 nonne sunt ita multa ut 444 petant8 ,= quae 444 sunt he comp>es #ajf omnia d5ique quae sunt inv5tionis4 #ej4 ut magni sit4 ,g ,burn4 #bdc3 ,ball43 ,bodl43 s9t ,h3 ut magni sit viri ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif1 ,s1 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,dorv41 ,burn4 #bdd 7s9t ,l73 ut magnum sit1 ,g5sl]3 ut magni sit spiritus1 ,kid]l9 7cp4 i4 #i4 #f74 #ea4 et 9 omni3 et om4 ,prat4 & ,put4 cl>issima ,,ls & mo/ codd43 durissima ,,ght ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif1 ,dorv4 #eb4 utiles circa praecepta1 c4 ,kraff]t propos$ utilis circa praecepta s5t5tiasque levitas v]borum 444 ,) praecepta may !re n h be5 a g5itive 9 ! orig9al text3 utilis circa praecepta sapi5tiae 7pr4 #ai3 i4 #d4 #d3 xii4 #a4 #bh71 or p]haps utiles circa morum praecepta s5t5tiae 7xii4 ii4 #i78 #ec4 secundum ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif1 ,vall4 ,,ls ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie ,dorv4 ,ball43 om4 ,,ghft ,bodl4 ,halm1 foll[+ ,h]tz1 gives p>em 7cp4 #abg p>es ac saltem proximo73 aequalem w\ld be z probable1 & is giv5 by "s ,,mss4 9 #ee4 ,s*ll n[ ?9ks secundum an old int]polation1 & conjectures quam sit aliud atque aliud proximum esse1 cp4 i4 #g4 #b3 ix4 #d4 #ij4 #ed4 poet>um iudices ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif1 ,,ls ,ball4 iudicium ,g1 iuditium ,h4 ,halm suspect$ x to be a gloss introduc$ f ! m>g9 7cp4 laus ,cic]onis #aji7 & ,mayor remov$ x f ! text4 r$didit cod4 ,alm543 r$dit ,,ghft ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc4 ,edidit is giv5 9 ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diej1 #dhbi ,dorv4 & ,ball41 besides ,l & ,s4 sufficit ,,mss43 ,halm w\ld pref] suffecit 7cp4 #abc74 ,= p>em _m ,,mss4 #aig give equalem1 :i* mu/ h be5 a gloss3 ,s has equalem cr$idit p>em1 & s ,prat4 7,fi]ville ,introd4 p4 lxxix7 ,h>l4 #bffb 7,a4,d4 #adcd7 & #aafga 7,a4,d4 #adfg74 #ef4 ,mac] atque ,v]gilius4 ,ung] sugge/$ ,valgius = ,v]gilius4 ,?is is h[ev] unnecess>y1 ?\gh x has be5 propos$ to ins]t ! comma aft] ,v]gilius in/ead ( aft] idem bel[4 #ei4 adsequimur ,,ghs ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,bodl4 ,ball4 ,dorv4 & ,briti% ,mus4 ,,mss4 7except #diej :i* gives ,c & ,l's assequatur & #dhbi :i* has assecuntur74 ,halm reads adsequamur1 & is foll[$ by ,mei/]4 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 proposes ut adsequamur4 #fj4 quibusdam quod quoquam m9or e/4 ,,gh give quibus = quibusdam3 ,prat4 ,put4 ,s & all my ,,mss4 h quibusdam quod quidem m9or e/3 7m9oris ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc73 quod quodam #gfif4 ,wlffl9 7,rhe94 ,mus4 xlii4 ,pt4 #b1 p4 #caj7 proposes quod idem am>ior e/3 am>us 7#aag7 indicates ! excess ( ac]bitas 7#if7 :i* might be alleg$ aga9/ ,ar*ilo*us = 8 lampoons on ,lycambes4 ,cp4 iamborum am>itud9em ,tac4 ,dial4 #aj4 ,b quoquam 7,madv4 #did b7 does n necess>ily imply t !re is any "o sup]ior to ! great ,ar*ilo*us1 ?\gh1 outside ! range ( iambographi1 ,hom] is always pres5t 7#fe7 to ! writ]'s m9d4 ,quoquam is n to be re/rict$ to ! n>r[ circle ( iambic writ]s1 o!rwise mat]iae w\ld h no po9t4 ,qu9tilian means t ,ar*ilo*us mu/ be rank$ imm$iately aft] ,hom]1 if inde$ ! disadvantage ( 8 subject-matt] =bids u to place him alongside ( ,hom]4 ,t he _h a s*oolma/]'s lik+ = an #8ord] ( m]it' is %[n by #ec1 #fb1 #he1 #hf4 #fa4 spiritu1 magnific5tia1 ,put4 #gfif ,s ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #aafga1 ,dorv43 spiritus ,h 7sps47 ,prat4 #gbca ,h>l4 #diej ,burn4 #bdc ,bodl4 ,ball41 & s ,halm & ,mei/]4 ,! /ronge/ argum5t = ! abl4 is t ! n\ns g toge!r 9 pairs1--spiritu magnific5tia1 s5t5tiis figuris1 copia 444 flum9e4 ,s ,clauss5 7,quae/4 ,qu9t4 p4 #ccd71 :o comp>es ,dion4 ,hal4 4 4 #b4 #e1 p4 #dbj ,r 1 1 4444 4 #fb4 ,/esi*orum ,badius3 i/e si*orus ,,gh3 ,/esi*orus ,bodl4 #gfif3 ,/esicorus ,h>l4 #diie3 o!r ,,mss4 ,t]psi*orus or ,t]psicorus4 #fc4 magnificus et dilig5s et pl]umque oratori similis3 ,,gh magnificus et dic5di et pl]umque orationis similis2 s ,burn4 #bdc & ,bodl4 7orationi72 mo/ o!r ,,mss4 et dilig5s plurimusque 7plurimum or plurimumque7 ,hom]o similis3 plurimumque oratio1 ,prat4 ,put43 pl]umque orationis #gbca1 #gfif4 ,halm gives dic5di vi1 :i*1 aft] 9 eloqu5do1 w\ld be /range4 ,wlffl9 proposes elegans et 7= dic5di et1 dilig5s et73 cp4 #gh1 #hc1 #hg1 #ic1 #aad1 & ,dion4 ,hal4 l4c4 444 4 ,halm's dic5di vi re/$ on 1 b we ne$ n suppose t ,qu9tilian translat$ ^w = ^w f ,dionysius4 ,) 9 eloqu5do1 dilig5s seems q appropriate3 i4 #c cum sit 9 eloqu5do positum oratoris (ficium4 ,s$ et lusit1 ,prat4 ,put4 ,voss4 #a & #c3 s$ et eius sit ,,gh3 s$ 9 lusus ,,ms ,ball4 ,dorv43 s$ editus sit ,bodl4 #fd4 eius op]is3 ei ,,gh3 eius ,m ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc3 eiusdem ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,s1 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv41 ,ball4 ,9 ,prat4 & ,put4 ! ord] is 9 hac p>te omnibus eum eiusdem op]is4 #fe4 e/ et 94 ,! ,,mss4 give etsi e/3 ,wlffl9 conjectur$ e/ et1 & ,halm1 7foll[+ "s old edd47 ins]t$ 91 comp>+ #fd & #fh4 ,s too ,mei/]4 ,etsi may h crept into ! text to anticipate tam5 7ii4 #e4 #ai73 or ! true read+ may be e/ et etsi 94 ,s*ll sugge/s 7,krg]1 #crd ed4 p4 #ib7 t ! passage ought to run z foll[s3--ant4 com4 cum s9c]a illa s]monis ,attici gratia prope sola ret9et #aih vim 7dum ,g1 tum vulg47 fac4 lib]tatis1 et si e/ 9 insect4 vitiis praecip41 plur4 tam51 c4 nescio an ulla4 ,?is is ! read+ ( ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif1 ,m1 ,s1 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 #aafga1 ,dorv4 ,ball41 & if x c be su/a9$1 ! s5se x gives is q satisfactory4 ,we mu/ suppose t poesis 7probably ! only fem4 n\n t w\ld suit7 0 pres5t 9 ! writ]'s m9d3 see on poeticam #bh above4 ,b 9 ,qu9t4 poesis occurs only once 7cp4 on #bh71--;at xii4 #aa4 #bf1 :]e x is n us$ ( a special bran* ( poetry1 z "h2 & ev5 !re a d\bt has be5 express$ ab\t ! read+4 ,kid]l9 !re=e urges 7,h]mes #bc1 p4 #afc7 t x is incr$ible t ,qu9tilian w\ld h left 8 read]s to supply = !mselves a ^w :i* he uses only once1 if at all3 ullum g5us w\ld surely h occurr$ to him1 z bo? g5us & opus are con/antly us$ to d5ote dep>tm5ts ( lit]ature4 ,aga9 ! text gives po/ n praet] ,hom]um4 ,f\nd+ on ! read+ an illa 7,,ghft ,burn4 #bdc ,bodl47 ,kid]l9 !re=e sugge/s an illa poeta ullo po/ c43 #8und i* weiss ni*t1 ob ni*t j5e mehr als irg5d e9 ,di*t] 7na* ,hom] j$o*1 c474' ,! copyi/ w\ld easily w&] f poet4 to po/1 & x is n unusual to comp>e old com$y c4 ) ! poets & n _! works 7cp4 similior oratoribus3 hi/oria proxima poetis e/ #ca3 at non hi/oria cess]it ,graecis #aja72 especially z "h po/ ,hom]um foll[s at once4 ,= ullo cp4 #fj quod quoquam m9or e/4 ,an alt]native em5dation w\ld be poesi ulla4 ,! aut 444 aut imm$iately bel[ is v mu* aga9/ ?is conjecture1 :i* h[ev] ,krg] 7#crd ed47 has receiv$ into ! text3 we %\ld expect r nescio an illa quisquam1 or nullus poeta1 or keep+ illa z nom9ative nescio an illa poeta ullo4 ,qu9tilian's use ( nescio an 7l t ( po/-,augu/an writ]s g5]ally7 is vague3 x is usually an expression ( d\bt1 ! an mean+ ei!r #8:e!r1' or #8:e!r n' indiff]5tly4 ,cp4 ix4 #d4 #a3 vi4 #c4 #f3 viii4 #f4 #bb3 xii4 #aj4 #b3 i4 #g4 #bd4 7,mayor cites also ,pl94 ,ep4 i4 #ad4 #i3 iii4 #a4 #a3 iv4 #b4 #a3 v4 #c4 #g3 vi4 #ba4 #c3 vii4 #aj4 #c3 #ai4 #d3 viii4 #af4 #c3 ix4 #b4 #e2 & adds #8,9 all ^! in/ances nescio an 7dubito an7 is #8,i d\bt :e!r'2 9 ,cic]o ! mean+ is always #8,i r ?9k4''7 ,&res5 propos$ nescio an ulla poeseos p>s4 ,! passage closely resembles #bh1 & mu/ be em5d$ on ! same l9es4 #ff4 trago$ias4 ,?urot 7,revue de ,phil4 #ahhj1 iv4 #a1 p4 #bd7 conjectur$ trago$iam3 cp4 #fg hoc opus4 ,he is foll[$ by ,dosson1 aga9/ all ,,ms4 au?ority4 ,be*] po9ts out t we mu/ supply ) hoc opus 9 #fg ! words #8trago$ias 9 lucem pr(]5di1' s t opus & trago$ias squ>e well en\gh ) ea* o!r4 #fh4 quod ipsum repreh5dunt1 ,mei/]1 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 & ,be*]4 ,?is read+ also occurs 9 ! ,codex ,dorvilianus4 ,o!r read+s are quod ipsum quod ,,ght ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl43 quo ipsum ,,ms ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 ,ball4 ,halm conjectur$ quem ipsum quoque1 & 0 foll[$ by ,mayor & ,hild4 ,b z no fault has be5 f\nd ) ,euripides 9 ! =ego+1 quoque seems out ( place4 ,f\nd+ on ! read+ ( ,,ght1 c41 also on t ( ,f 7:i* gives quod ipsum qui7 ,kid]l9 7,h]mes #bc1 p4 #afe7 proposes to read quod ipsum quidam1 comp>+ #ih1 :]e = quem s5es quem 7,,gt7 ,spald+ rightly conjectur$ quem s5es quidem1 & #g1 #ba1 :]e ,bn1 ,bg give quod = quosdam4 ,he !n goes on1 9 an int]e/+ pap]1 to recon/ruct ! :ole passage1 :i* is op5 to suspicion1 especially 9 respect t sublimior /&s z pr$icate ) gravitas & co?urnus1 z well z ) sonus4 ,! admir]s ( ,sophocles consid] 8 elevation ( tone m appropriate ?an ! /ra9 ( ,euripides4 ,sublimior is !re=e p]haps n ! pr$icate ( ! s5t5ce1 h[ev] suitable x may be z ! attribute ( sonus4 ,! pr$icate may h dropp$ out1 & sublimior may h be5 transf]r$ f its real place to supply x4 ,x is /rik+ t ,,gftm 7also ,h & ,bodl47 all give sublimior erit4 ,kid]l9 imag9es t a copyi/ :o miss$ ! pr$icate wrote 9 ! m>g9 #8sublimior erit pon5dum #aii po/ esse'3 & !n ano!r ins]t$ sublimior erit aft] esse 9 ! text4 ,= ! pr$icate1 magis accommodatus might /&3 9 copy+1 ! eye may h w&]$ f magis accommodatus to magis acc$it3 = magis accomm4 cp4 ii4 #e4 #ah & x4 #a4 #gi4 ,kid]l9 !re=e boldly proposes to make ! p>5!sis run1 #8quod ipsum quidam repreh5dunt quibus gravitas et co?urnus et sublimior sonus ,sophocli videtur esse magis accommodatus'3 #80 g]ade man*e tadeln1 wel*5 das ,wrdevolle1 d] ,ko?urnus1 und d] erhab5]e ,ton des ,sophokles angemess5] zu se9 s*e9t4' et dic5do ac respond5do #gbca1 #gfif3 dic5do ac respondo ,,gh3 9 dic5do et 9 respond5do ,prat4 ,put4 ,s 7et respond5do ,m74 praecipuus4 ,hunc admiratus maxime e/4 ,?is is ,mei/]'s read+1 except t = eum ,i give 7) ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,h>l4 #bffb & #diie7 hunc1 :i* is common] 9 ,qu9t4 at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce 7#df1 #gh1 #ia1 #aab74 ,! foll[+ are ! read+s ( ! ,,mss43 ,,gh praecipuus et admiratus miratus3 ,m ,bodl4 ,h>l4 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,c1 ,burn4 #bdc ,ball4 ,dorv4 praecipuus et admir&us3 ,s praecipuum4 ,nunc admiratus et3 ,prat4 ,put4 ,h>l4 #bbfb & #aafga praecipuus hunc admiratus et maxime e/ ut saepe te/4 et sec4 quamvis3 ,h>l4 #diie1 hunc admiratus max4 ut s4 te/4 et eum secutus quamquam4 ,halm gives praecipuus e/4 ,admiratus maxime e/3 ,kid]l9 insi/s on ! e/ aft] praecipuus1 to correspond ) acc$it1 ?\gh x seems bett] to take all t comes aft] acc$it z an explanation ( ! /atem5t magis acc$it oratorio g5]i3 he also reta9s ! et ( mo/ ,,mss4 & reads praecipuus e/4 hunc et admiratus 7,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 #bd1 p4 #hd74 ,wlffl9 7p>tly foll[$ by ,krg] #crd ed47 propos$ a m radical *ange 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #ahhg1 #b ,h4 p4 #cac7 praecipuus4 ,hunc imitatus1 quot+ 9 support ( ! conjunction imitatus 444 secutus #abb1 eos iuv5um imitatur et sequitur indu/ria3 #e #ai1 deligat quem sequatur1 quem imitetur3 ,ovid1 ,fa/i v4 #aeg1 ne non imitata m>itum esset et ex omni p>te secuta virum4 ,b ,kid]l9 7l4c47 aptly rem>ks t if ,qu9tilian _h writt5 imitatus1 he w\ld n h said ut saepe te/atur b ut ex multis locis patet 7app>et1 videmus73 :ile vii4 #d4 #ag 7on :i* ,wlffl9 relies7 is n really to ! po9t4 ,moreov] ,qu9tilian1 w\ld nev] h sep>at$ su* synonyms z imitatus & secutus by ut saepe te/atur4 ,*>isi nom9i addicuntur1 ,frots*]3 ,*>is 9 hom9e adductura ,,gh3 ,*>isii nom9e eduntur ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,h>l4 #bffb ,dorv4 #gj4 aut illa iudicia ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,h>l4 #diie4 ,,gh ,h>l4 #diej give aut illa mala iudicia3 ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc aut alia mala iud4 ,s ,h>l4 #bffb ,dorv4 & ,ball4 aut alia iudicia4 ,! edd41 foll[+ ,gesn]1 h g5]ally giv5 7) ,h>l4 #diej7 aut illa mala iudicia 7s ,halm & ,mei/]71 & h tak5 mala z pr$icate1 ?\gh ! ord] ( ! words makes t impossible4 ,be*] approves ( ,&res5's deletion ( mala4 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 pr9ts mala illa iudicia1 ?9k+ t illa arose by dittography1 & t !n ! ord] 0 *ang$ 9 ! codd4 to illa mala iudicia4 ,kid]l9 79 ,h]mes #bc7 gives z an alt]native to delet+ mala ! conjecture illa simulata iudicia 7#8j5e erdi*tet5 na*gema*t5 ,g]i*tsv]h&lung5'2 cp4 xi4 #a4 #ef3 cum etiam hoc g5us simul>i litium soleat74 ,a simil> mutilation occurs1 e4g41 xi4 #a4 #bj1 :]e b gives secum ,m secus in/ead ( consecutum4 #ga4 filiorum militum1 mo/ codd43 filiorum m>itorum militum ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,s4 #gb4 si cum v5ia leguntur4 ,! read+ ( ! ,,mss4 is upheld by ,iwan ,mll]1 ,mei/]1 & ,kid]l94 ,spald+ sugge/$ cum v]ecundia3 ,s*ll cum iudicio3 ,be*] cum +5io4 ,be*] po9ts out 7,bursians ,jahresb4 #ahhg7 t ! expression is meant to cov] dec]p]e z well z leg]e1 & dec]p]e indicates c>eful & intellig5t read+ 7cp4 #fi1 dilig5t] lectus73 cum +5io #8mit ,v]/&'3 cp4 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 xiii4 #aj4 #b quod v]sabatur 9 hoc /udio no/ro 44 et cum +5io 44 nec s9e indu/ria3 ,ulp4 ,dig4 #a4 #af4 #i pati5tem esse proconsulem oportet1 s$ cum #bjj +5io1 ne contemptibilis videatur4 ,f9ally1 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 proposes cum acum9e or cum vigilantia 7cp4 v4 #g4 #aj74--,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,s ,h>l4 #bffb all give ,osann's conjecture legantur4 prave ,,gh ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej ,burn4 #bdc ,bodl43 pravis ,regius1 ,halm1 ,mei/]1 ,be*] draws att5tion to ! p>allelism betwe5 ! clauses3 ut prave praelatus e/ sui temporis iudiciis1 ita m]ito cr$itur 7 m]uit cr$i7 secundus cons5su omnium4 #gf4 nec quod desit 444 nec quod r$undet3 ,h ,burn4 #bdc & ,bodl4 give quod 44 quod3 ,prat4 ,put4 ,,ms ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv4 ,c1 & ,ball1 quid 44 quid4 ,! latt] read+ is support$ by ,be*] 7,phil4 ,rund4 iii4 #dcd74 ,= quod cp4 xii4 #aj4 #df3 7xii4 #a4 #bj :]e = quod adhuc ,,bm give quid adhuc73 on ! o!r h&1 9 vi4 #c4 #e ! ,,mss4 are 9 fav\r ( quid1 ?\gh ,halm reads quod 7foll[$ by ,mei/]74 ,= quid cp4 ,cic4 pro ,qu9t4 #da1 neque praet]ea quid possis dic]e inv5io4 #gg4 gr&iori similis4 ,s all ,,mss43 ,halm & ,mei/]4 ,sev]al conjectural em5dations h be5 put =w>d4 ,comp>+ #b #af 7fiunt pro gr&ibus tumidi71 ,be*] sugge/s gr&i oratori1--an easy *ange1 if ! copyi/ us$ contractions1 b )\t po9t3 above 9 #gd1 #8oratori magis similis' is appropriate en\gh 9 speak+ ( hi/orians1 b #8oratori' w\ld be inappropriate "h4 ,?is is accept$1 h[ev]1 by ,hirt 7,b]l4 ,jahr4 ix41 #ahhc1 p4 #cab2 cp4 ,p4 ,hirt1 ,sub/4 des ,adjectivums1 p4 #ab74 ,s*ll proposes to read gladiatori similis1 9 view ( ! close connection ) :at foll[s1 /rictus 444 c>nis 444 lac]torum3 b pl5ior & magis fusus are a bad introduction to gladiatori1 & if ,aes*9es _h plus c>nis & m9us lac]torum1 he _c really h resembl$ a gladiator4 ,?is read+ is1 h[ev]1 adopt$ by ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,f9ally1 ,kid]l9 7,h]mes #bc1 p4 #aff sq47 has conjectur$ et gr&i 7or gr&iori7 organo similis1 & applies ! figure ?r\gh\t3 #8voll] und breit] ls/ ,aes*9es d5 ,ton h]vor/rm51 e9em gross5 ,musik9/rum5te glei*'3 #8e9] ,orgel glei*1'--he is gr&isonus4 ,! translation appe>s to limit unnecess>ily ! mean+ ( pl5us & fusus3 ?\gh ! =m] is us$ ( tone i4 #aa4 #f 7cp4 xi4 #c4 #ae ( ! voice3 ib4 #db1 #fb3 & #ee ( ! brea?73 :ile fusus is us$ ( ! voice xi4 #c4 #fd4 ,= su* a use ( gr&is cp4 #eh 7c5ae73 #hh 7robora73 xi4 #b4 #ab 7convivium73 #c4 #ae 7vox73 #fh 7speculum73 & = organum1 i4 #aj4 #be3 ix4 #d4 #aj3 xi4 #c4 #bj 7:]e !re is a comp>ison betwe5 ! ?roat & a musical in/rum5t73 probably also i4 #b4 #cj4 ,!re is an anti!sis 9 ! two p>ts ( ! s5t5ce betwe5 fulness & bread?1 on ! "o h&1 & real /r5g? on ! o!r2 & = ! transition to ! second figure ,kid]l9 comp>es #cc4 #gh4 nihil enim e/ inane3 p]haps #8nihil enim e/ 9 eo inane' 7,be*]71 or nihil enim ine/4 #gi4 hone/i /udiosus4 ,be*]'s proposal to alt] ! punctuation ( ?is passage is discuss$ 9 ! note ad loc4--,= auditoriis & comp>>at1 see on t5uia atque quae #dd1 above4 #hj4 quem tam54 ,kid]l91 9 ,h]mes 7#bc1 p4 #afh71 raises a difficulty "h4 ,tam5 %[s t ! clause _c g ) ! ma9 /atem5t 7fateor71 & its position =bids u to take x ) ! quamquam is primum clause3 x c only g ) quod ultimus e/1 c41 #8?\gh ,demo/h5es is ultimus f]e1 c41 yet ,cic]o1 c4' ,to prev5t s awkw>d a jo9+ ( ! clauses1 ,kid]l9 proposes to read eumque tam53 po9t+ out t ! quae ( ! ,,mss4 7,,gh7 may h aris5 out ( que1 & t ,qu9tilian may h writt5 eumque2 cp4 vi4 #b4 #ac1 :]e ,halm makes utque out ( quae 7,g71 & xi4 #b4 #cb1 :]e ,mei/] reads e/que4 ,! mean+ w !n be3 ,demetrius is wor?y ( record z be+ ab\t ! la/1 c41 & yet ,cic]o gives him ! fir/ place 9 ! m$ium g5us4--,x seems bett]1 h[ev]1 to give tam5 a g5]al ref]5ce3 #8yet1 9 spite ( all t c be said on ! o!r side' 7e4g41 incl9asse eloqu5tiam dicitur74 ,cp4 #ii quae tam5 sunt 9 hoc g5]e elegantissima4 #bja #ha4 prosam 7prorsam7 orationem et all ,,mss42 ,halm1 ,mei/]1 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 omit et4 ,i f9d t ,be*] supports ! view /at$ 9 ! note ad loc43 he w\ld h[ev] write prorsam1 :i* ! be/ ,,mss4 give also 9 ,pl94 v4 #ca1 #aab ,d4 quodam ,delphici videatur oraculo dei in/9ctus3 s ,frots*]1 foll[$ by ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,on ! o!r h& ,clauss5 7,quae/4 ,qu9t41 p4 #cef7 & ,wlffl9 7foll[$ n[ by ,mei/]1 pref4 to ed4 ( ,book x41 p4 #ac7 propose to delete ,delphici1 ( :i* ,be*] also approves4 ,b ! ,,ms4 evid5ce _c be disreg>d$4 ,! foll[+ are ! v>i\s read+s3 ,,gh qua$am ,delphico videatur oraculo de in/rictus1 & s ,,ft1 ! =m] giv+ also 7by a lat] h&7 de in/9ctus1 ! latt] dei in/ructus4 ,bodl4 gives quodam delphico videatur oraculo dei in/ructus4 ,! mo/ frequ5t read+ is t ( ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,ball4 & mo/ edd41 quodam delphico videatur oraculo in/9ctus3 ,s agrees1 b is report$ to h delphico aft] oraculo3 ,h>l4 #diej & ,burn4 #bdd h ! same read+1 ) in/itutus corr4 to in/9ctus3 ,burn4 #bdc gives in/ructus4 ,delphico 0 orig9ally delet$ by ,caes>3 ,phil xiii1 p4 #geh4 ,halm read tamquam ,delphico videatur oraculo in/9ctus3 b ,qu9tilian w\ld take no tr\ble to avoid ! repetition ( quidam 7cp4 div9a quadam1 above74--,= ! arrangem5t ( words1 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 comp>es #da qui ne m9ima quidem alicuius c]te fiducia p>tis memoriam po/]itatis sp]av]it4 #hb4 qu&am p]suad5di deam4 ,nettle%ip 7,j\rn4 ( ,philol41 xxix1 p4 #bb7 conjectures ,suadam p]suad5di deam1 comp>+ ,brutus1 #ei1 quot$ ad loc4 ,p]suad5di deam w\ld ?us become a gloss on ,suadam3 b ! expression 9 ! text is q 9 ,qu9tilian's /yle4 #hc4 eloqu5di suavitate3 eloqu5di usus 7or usu7 suav4 ,,gh & all codd4 except ,h>l4 #diej1 & ,dorv41 bo? ( :i* give simply eloq4 suav4 ,halm admitt$ into 8 text ,geel's conj4 = usus1 #8eloqu5di vi ac suavitate1' & ?is has met ) "s acceptance 7,iwan ,mll] & ,be*]74 ,b ! p>allel f ,dion4 ,hal41 4 4 #d is h>dly conclusive3 444 4 ,hirt prop]ly rem>ks t ! agreem5t betwe5 ! two is n s great z to all[ ( correct+ ! "o by ! o!r4 ,kid]l9 conjectures eloqu5di vi1 suavitate1 p]spicuitate4 tam e/ loqu5di4 ,see note ad loc4 = ,kid]l9's conj4 tam manife/us e/4 ,?\gh ,mei/]'s tam e/ eloqu5di is probably a mispr9t1 x is f\nd 9 "s ,,mss4--,h>l4 #diej3 ,burn4 #bdd4 #hd4 sane non affectav]unt4 ,bodl4 & ,vall4 7v]u subpunctuat$ 9 ! latt]3 affectant ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca ,,ms ,ball4 ,dorv4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 #aafga3 s5e non adfectitacu]unt ,,gh ,burn4 #bdc3 adfect>unt #gfif3 adfectitant ,h>l4 #diej1 & s ,burn4 #bdd 7correct$ f affectant74 #he4 haud dubie proximus4 ,halm ins]t$ ei aft] dubie1 ?\gh x is n f\nd 9 any ,,ms43 ,regius _h sugge/$ illi4 ,kid]l9 7,h]mes #bc1 p4 #agj7 po9ts out t if propiores alii 9 #hh is all[$ to /& )\t a dative1 ei is n necess>y "h4 ,he sugge/s1 h[ev]1 illi be=e alii 9 #hh3 bo? passages mu/ be dealt ) 9 ! same way4--,= haud 7,vall471 ,,ghs h aut3 ,m haut4 ,cp4 on #c #bf4 #hf4 ut illi 444 cess]imus3 cum illi ,,ghft ,h>l4 #diie ,burn4 #bdc3 ut illi ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif3 & s ,s ,h>l4 #diej 7) caele/i atque div9ae73 ut ille ,m ,h>l4 #bffb4 ,kid]l9 7,h]mes1 p4 #agj7 proposes to g back to ! read+ ( ! old] ,,mss4 cum illi1 & in/ead ( cess]imus to read cess]it1 s z to make ,v]gil ! subject ?r\gh\t4 ,cum _c1 he cont5ds1 be a copyi/'s error1 motiv$ by ita2 & x is probable1 !re=e1 t at fir/ cess]it a 0 inadv]t5tly writt5 = cess]it2 !n 79 ,g or "s old] ,,ms47 cess]imus ita 0 made out ( t1 to correspond ) v9cimur bel[3 & !n 9 ! lat] ,,mss4 cum 0 *ang$ to ut1 because ( ita4 ,= ! transition1 ) ?is read+1 f cess]it to ! plural 7v9cimur1 p5samus71 he #bjb comp>es #ajg1 :]e1 aft] speak+ ( ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o1 ,qu9tilian passes to v9cimus4 #hg4 sequ5tur ,,ms ,halm & ,mei/]3 sequ5t] ,g seqnt' ,h3 sequuntur ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif4 id e/4 ,^! words are omitt$ 9 ! ,prat5sis1 :i* is ti5ne de ,r\5's abridgem5t ( ! ,becc5sis1 n[ lo/4 ,?is is an additional pro( t 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,greek3 cp4 on #db4 #hh4 propiores ,h ,prat4 ,put4 ,vall4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #ddie1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdc4 ,bodl41 ,halm3 propriores ,,gms #gbca1 #gfif1 ,h>l4 #diej1 ,c1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv41 ,mei/]4 ,9 ,cic]o & ,qu9tilian magis proprii w\ld be m usual = ! latt]4 #hi4 etiam si sit4 ,?is conjecture ( ,spald+'s 7= etiam sit ,,gh ,bodl4 c43 etiam si ,m ,h>l4 #diej ,dorv43 etiam sic ,prat4 ,put4 ,s ,h>l4 #bffb7 ,i h f\nd 9 ! ,balliol codex4 #gbca & #gfif give etiam si e/4 ,cp4 note on t5uia atque quae #dd1 above4 ut e/ dictum4 ,^! words 7 bracket$ z a gloss by ,halm1 & are n[ omitt$ altoge!r by ,krg] 7#crd ed473 see h[ev] note ad loc4 ,dd]le9 propos$ to place !m aft] poeta melior1 ,fleckeis5 aft] etiam si4 ,s]ranum is ,lange's conjecture = f]r5um ,,ghm3 f>r5um #gbca1 #gfif ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga3 ,ph>r5um ,prat4 ,put4 ,"s ,,mss4 7e4g4 ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie1 ,burn4 #bdc & #bdd7 give s$ eum1 b x is obvi\s t ! criticism ( ,sev]us /opp$ ) ! ^w locum4 #ij4 s5ectute maturuit ed4 ,col4 #aebg & s #gbca1 #gfif 7,fi]ville73 s5ectutem maturbit ,,gh3 s5ectute maturum ,prat4 ,put4 ,,ms ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv4 & ,ball43 s5ectus maturavit ,bodl41 ,burn4 #bdc4 et1 ut dicam4 ,halm's s$ in/ead ( et has be5 reject$ by lat] critics4 ,cp4 ,clauss5 7,quae/4 ,qu9t41 p4 #ceg note73 s$ #8s5t5tiam efficit ab hac op]is p>te ali5am4 ,nam cum oratori futuro exempla qua]antur oratoria virtus 9 quovis scriptore laudi v]titur 7#df1 #fc1 #fe1 #fg1 #gd1 c474 ,itaque propt] huius c5surae consilium ,qu9tilianus ,lucani elocutionem oratoriam laudat1 s$ +5ium poeticum una repreh5dit4' #ia4 propius ,h ,prat4 ,put4 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,h>l4 #bffb & o!r codd43 ,bodl4 ,ball4 ,h>l4 #diej proprius4 ,reisig conjectur$ propitius1 :i* also is apt2 b 9 spite ( indu/rius1 necess>ius1 cit$ 9 its support 7cp4 iv4 #b4 #bg3 vii4 #a4 #ab71 x is too unc]ta9 a =m to be receiv$ into ! text4 ,iwan ,mll] ?9ks x w\ld h to be magis propitiae4 ,halm gives promptius3 ,wlffl9 pronius3 :ile ,s*ll n[ sugge/s propitiae potius 7cp4 iv4 pr4 #e3 #b #bg3 vii4 #a4 #ab74 #ib4 f]es ,g ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,s ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 ,dorv41 ,ball41 ,halm43 f]as ,h1 ,h>l4 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl4 ,c & ,m1 ,mei/] & ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,h>l4 #diie has f]e3 f ,vall4 ,be*] reports f]as1 #8probably at fir/ f]es4' elegea ,,gh #gfif1 & s ,a#b ,,bn ,put4 ,s at i4 #h4 #f4 #id4 abunde salis ,g ,prat4 ,put4 ,m & all my ,,mss4 except ,h1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl4 :i* h abundantia salis4 multum e/ t]sior4 ,! v>iety ( ,,ms4 read+s seems to po9t to an et wrongly ins]t$ aft] multum1 p]haps f a confusion ) #8multum et v] gloriae' bel[4 ,,gh give multum et e/ t]sior3 ,m ,h>l4 #diej1 ,bodl4 ,ball4 ,c ,dorv4 ,burn4 #bdc & also ,h>l4 #dhbi multum etiam e/ t43 ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif ,s ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga multum e/ t]sior3 :ile ,h>l4 #diie 7& ,vall47 has multo et e/ t]sior4 ,osann propos$ multo eo e/ t]sior3 ,wlffl9 multo e/ t]sior3 ,halm & ,mei/] pr9t multum eo e/ t]sior4 ,= multum1 cp4 multum ante xii4 #f4 #a3 & see ,introd4 p4 li4 non labor ,,gh ,burn4 #bdc ,bodl4 & ,mei/]3 nisi labor #gbca1 #gfif ,s ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv4 ,ball4 ,c1 & ,halm4 ,prat4 & ,put4 h mihi labor4 #bjc hodieque et qui3 ,h1 ,prat41 ,put41 #gbca1 #gfif1 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 ,bodl4 ,dorv43 hodie et qui ,burn4 #bdc3 hodie quoque et qui ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej3 hodie quod et qui ,s4--,be*] is ( op9ion t ! text w n be> ! explanation giv5 9 ! note1 & w\ld read hodie quoque et qui3 #8es giebt au* heute no* b]hmte ,satir5di*t]1 die e9/ c4' ,et qui he takes ) cl>i1 n ) hodie quoque1 ! et be+ omitt$ 9 translation3 cl>i 7hodie quoque7 qui 7olim7 nom9abuntur4 #ie4 etiam prius4 ,f\nd+ on ! classification giv5 9 ,diom$es 7see note ad loc471 accord+ to :i* ! satura ( ,pacuvius & ,ennius prec$$ & 0 di/9ct f t ( ,lucilius1 ,horace1 & ,p]sius1 ,clauss5 7,quae/4 ,qu9t41 p4 #ccg7 ?9ks t ! true read+ "h may be ,alt]um illud et iam prius ,ennio temptatum saturae g5us1 c4 ,= ! satura ( ,ennius1 cp4 ix4 #b4 #cf4 ,iwan ,mll] po9ts out t ,ennius is n m5tion$ bel[ 7#ig71 beside ,attius & ,pacuvius1 probably because nei!r 9 trag$y nor 9 satire did ,qu9tilian consid] him to h produc$ any?+ helpful = ! =mation ( an oratorical /yle4 ,o!r unnecess>y conjectures are etiam po/]ius1 ,gesn]3 etiam proprium1 ,spald43 etiam amplius1 ,l4 ,mll]3 etiam v]ius1 ,riese3 alt]um illud ,lucilio prius sat4 g5us1 ,krg] 7#crd ed474 sola3 solum ,prat4 & ,put4 collaturus quam eloqu5tiae4 ,^! words1 omitt$ 9 ,,ghs ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc1 occur 9 all my o!r codd4 #if4 s$ aliis quibusdam int]positus3 sc4 c>m9ibus1 ,*ri/4 ,9 ,h ! read+ is quibusdam int]positus3 s #gbca1 #gfif ,bodl4 & ,burn4 #bdc3 b ,m ,h>l4 #diej1 #dhbi ,burn4 #bdd ,dorv4 & ,ball1 give a quibusdam int]positus3 ,s cuiusdam3 ,prat4 & ,put4 opus int]positus4 ,osann conjectures s$ quibusdam1 & s ,hild4 ,9 ! m>g9 ( ,h>l4 #diie is ! v>iant aliquibus int]positis4 ,9 ,h]mes1 vol4 #bc1 p4 #agb1 ,kid]l9 makes a fre% conjecture4 ,recognis+ t some?+ mu/ h fall5 out be=e quibusdam1 b dissatisfi$ ) ,osann's s$ & ,*ri/'s s$ aliis1 he proposes to read ut proprium opus1 quibusdam aliis tam5 c>m9ibus 7or v]sibus7 a quibusdam int]positus4 ,! eye ( a copyi/ may easily1 ,kid]l9 ?9ks1 h w&]$ f ! fir/ to ! second quibusdam3 cp4 v4 #aj4 #fd1 ut qua$am a quibusdam utique non sunt1 c41 & = quibusdam aliis xi4 #c4 #ff1 et quibusdam aliis corporis signis4 int]v5it1 :i* is a conjecture ( ,osann1 ,i h f\nd 9 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif4 lyricorum4 ,kid]l9 ?9ks !re may be some?+ wrong 9 ! text "h4 ,! la/ s5t5ce 7s$ eum longe1 c47 %[s cle>ly t ,qu9tilian _h a high op9ion ( ! lyri/s ( 8 day3 if ,bassus 0 legi dignus1 !y 7 ev5 m s4 ,w\ld he !n h said #8( ! ,roman lyri/s ,horace is almo/ ! only "o wor? read+'8 ,p]haps we %\ld read lyricorum priorum3 aft] -ricorum1 priorum might easily fall out1 & x gives a good anti!sis to viv5tium4 ,bassus 7quem nup] vidimus7 =ms ! transition3 & ! next p>agraph beg9s ,trago$iae scriptores vet]um1 c4 #ig4 cl>issimi4 ,?is read+ is /at$ by ,halm to be #8inc]ta auctoritate1' & is ref]r$ by ,mei/] to ! ,ald9e edition4 ,x occurs 9 ,prat4 #gbca1 #gfif ,h>l4 #bffb 7,a4,d4 #adcd7 ,vall4 #diie1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,dorv4 & ,ball43 ,put4 gives cl>issime3 ,g has gravissima3 ,,hfts gravissimus1 & s also ,h>l4 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl4 & ,c4 ,halm pr9ts gr&issimi3 ,ribbeck 7,rm4 ,trag4 p4 #ccg1 #c7 incl9es to accept ! s+4 gr&issimus1 ,m1 ( ,pacuvius alone4 ,kid]l9 79 ,h]mes #bc1 p4 #agc7 rejects all ! above read+s4 ,gravissimus & gravissima are obvi\sly due1 he says1 to gravitate foll[+3 b ! ^w be=e gravitate mu/ h begun ) ! same lett]1 & s cl>issimi _c /&1 especially z x is inappropriate to ! context4 ,= cet]um %[s t ! s5t5ce be=e x mu/ h conta9$ "s slight c5sure3 "s defect1 or quality exclud+ o!rs equally good1 mu/ h be5 m5tion$4 ,he !re=e conjectures gr&es nimis1 9 pref]5ce to #bjd gr&issimi1 :i* 9 trag$y w\ld h>dly be a fault4 ,attius & ,pacuvius1 ,qu9tilian says1 are #8zu gross>tig1 sie kmm]n si* zu w5ig um ,zi]li*keit 7,eleganz7 und die letzte ,feile 7d4h4 ,saub]keit im ,kle9572 do* d>an i/ mehr ihre ,zeit s*uld als sie selb/4' ,he evid5tly ?9ks m ( ! #8,?ye/es' ( ,v>ius & ,ovid's ,m$ea3 cp4 ,tac4 ,dial4 #ab4 ,) ?is judgm5t ,kid]l9 comp>es #ff1 #fg trago$ias primus 9 lucem ,aes*ylus protulit1 sublimis et gravis et gr&iloquus saepe usque ad vitium1 s$ rudis 9 pl]isque et incompositus 444 s$ longe cl>ius inlu/rav]unt hoc opus ,sophocles atque ,euripides1 & is ( op9ion t ! p>allelism _c be mi/ak54 ,= ! position ( nimis he comp>es ix4 #d4 #bh longae sunt nimis3 v4 #i4 #ad longe nimium3 xii4 #aa4 #i magna nimium4 #ih4 quem s5es quidem p>um tragicum4 ,s ,spald+1 ,bonnell1 ,halm1 ,mei/]1 & ,krg]4 ,quidem occurs 9 no ,,ms43 ,,gh h quem1 ,m ,vall41 ,h>l4 #diie1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,ball1 omit x3 ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc & ,dorv4 %[ ! corruption ,p9d>um4 ,be*] w\ld exclude quidem1 reg>d+ quem 9 ,g z an in/ance ( ! t5d5cy ( copyi/s inadv]t5tly to repeat1 aft] a p>ticul> ^w t by :i* x has be5 imm$iately prec$$1 e4g4 #fh quod ipsum quod 7,g73 ix4 #d4 #eg ut cum ut 7,g73 iv4 #a4 #g ipsis litigatoribus ipsis 7b73 iv4 #b4 #e aut ante aut 7b,t73 x4 i4 #d iam op]e iam 7,g74--,b "h ! au?ority ( ! ,prat5sis & its cognates may be invok$4 ,9 ! ar*etype f :i* !y are d]iv$ some?+ mu/ h /ood be=e p>um1 z ,prat4 ,put4 #gfif1 #gbca all give quem s5es non p>um tragicum3 s ,h>l41 #bffb 7,a4,d4 #adcd71 & #aafga4 ,above 9 #if1 ,g ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif h si quidem = si quem4 #ajj4 l+uae suae4 ,s ,khl] 7v4 ,mei/] pref4 to ,book x4 p4 #ac73 suae supplies an anti!sis to #8s]mo ipse ,romanus'3 ,,gh give l+uae quae3 s ,h>l4 #diej3 ,s ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl4 l+uae3 :ile ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,dorv4 & ,ball4 omit x altoge!r3 ,m has ligweque4 #aja4 ,titum3 ,,gh ,prat4 ,put4 ,m4 #gbca1 #gfif4 comm5davit3 ,halm & ,mei/] give commodavit1 :i* is approv$ also by ,hirt4 ,halm comp>es #fi :]e ,m5&] is said to be #8omnibus rebus p]sonis adfectibus accommodatus4' ,b ?is w\ld require ! mean+ #8appropriately treat$1' & !re is no in/ance 9 ,qu9tilian ( ! v]b us$ absolutely 9 ?is s5se4 ,nor is !re any example to support ,hild's int]pretation prae/itit1 :i* w\ld be moreov] extremely weak4 ,! recurr5ce ( ! ^w s soon aft] accommodata tells aga9/ ,halm's read+1 ?\gh ,qu9tilian is neglig5t on ?is head4--,on ! o!r h&1 9 vi4 #c4 #ad ! read+ #8ad hanc consuetud9em commodata' is rightly accept$ aga9/ #8comm5data' mo/ edd4 #ajb4 immortalem ,,gs ,mei/]3 illam immortalem ,prat4 ,put4 ,m ,halm3 immortalem illam ,vall4 velocitatem4 ,s all ,,mss1 except ,s1 ,burn4 #bdc1 & ,bodl41 :i* h civilitatem4 ,kid]l9 79 ,h]mes #bc1 p4 #agd7 ?9ks t we might h expect$ ideoque immortalem gloriam quam velocitate ,sallu/ius consecutus e/3 #8und d>um hat er die velocitas dur* 7von d] velocitas7 v]s*i$5e ,vorzge errei*t4' ,consequi _c mean #8to supply ! place ('3 & immortalis is inappropriate z an attribute ( velocitas3 besides1 ,qu9tilian has n spok5 ( ,sallu/'s velocitas1 ev5 indirectly4 ,s*l5g] conjectur$ cl>itatem3 ,&res5 auctoritatem 7#8klassis*es ,anseh51' cp4 iv4 #b4 #abe3 xii4 #aa4 #c73 ,kid]l9 n[ proposes div9itatem1 :i* 9 ,cic]o ,vortreffli*keit1 ,mei/]s*aft3 cp4 xi4 #b4 #g4 ,judg$ by ! previ\s s5t5ces ! expression is n too /rong4 ,= immortalem div9itatem cp4 #hf illi 444 caele/i atque immortali3 & = consecutus e/ iii4 #g4 #i quod immortalitatem virtute s9t consecuti4 cl>us vi +5ii4 ,?is is a conjecture ( ,kid]l9's1 :i* ,i f9d has be5 adopt$ also by ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,,ghft give cl>ius +5ii3 ,prat4 ,put4 cl>i +5ii vir3 #gbca1 #gfif cl>i vir +5ii3 ,,ms ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdc & #bdd1 ,dorv4 #bje ,c & ,ball1 cl>us +5io2 ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga cl>us 787 or cl>et vir +5ii4 ,spald+ _h already po9t$ out t cl>us is n f\nd ) +5ium1 except :]e +5ium is us$ ( a p]son3 e4g4 #aai erant cl>a et nup] +5ia3 he !re=e wrote elati vir +5ii 7foll[+ ,go?4 elatus +5io & ,bodl4 elatus +5iis74 ,kid]l9 comp>es #gj s5t5tiis cl>issimus1 & = vis +5ii i4 pr4 #ab3 ii4 #e4 #bc3 x4 #a4 #dd3 xii4 #aj4 #aj4 ,! read+ cl>us vi +5ii po9ts ! contra/ to :at foll[s 9 #8s$ m9us pressus1' c43 x 0 8 /yle t did n altoge!r suit ! dignity ( hi/ory4 #ajc4 g5]e ipso1 probabilis 9 omnibus1 s$ 9 quibusdam4 ,till ,kid]l9 made ?is happy conjecture 7see ,h]mes #bc1 p4 #age7 g5]e _h always be5 jo9$ ) probabilis1 & ! text 0 twi/$ 9 v>i\s directions4 ,,ghs1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl4 give 9 omnibus quibusdam3 ,m ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv4 9 omnibus s$ 9 quibusdam1 & s app>5tly ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif4 ,out ( omnibus ,halm gives on ,ro?'s sugge/ion1 op]ibus3 aft]w>ds he decid$ = p>tibus1 & ?is 7?\gh omnibus to p>tibus is n an easy transition7 is adopt$ by ,mei/]4 ,kid]l9's punctuation makes ev]y?+ easy3 #8,an]k5nung v]di55 se9e ,lei/ung5 alle1 man*e /eh5 h9t] se9] ,kraft zurck4' ,ev5 ^! la/1 ,qu9t4 means1 are probabiles 7cp4 viii4 #c4 #db probabile ,cic]o id g5us dicit quod non plus m9usve e/ quam decet72 b !y d n %[ ! great p[]s t di/+ui% 8 o!r writ+s4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r ,qu9tilian wrote 9 quibusdam or s$ 9 quibusdam 7,m74 ,! easie/ explanation ( ! omission 9 ! o!r ,,mss4 is to suppose t he wrote 9 omnibus 9 quibusdam3 p]haps ! copyi/ ( ,m saw t omnibus & quibusdam 7 anti!tical1 & ins]t$ s$4 ,kid]l9 notes ,qu9tilian's lik+ = *iasmus1 )\t any conjunction3 cp4 #ajf 9 illo1 9 hoc 7:]e 9 hoc is want+ 9 ,m74 suis ipse viribus3 ed4 ,col4 #aebg 7,halm71 & s 7,fi]ville7 #gbca1 #gfif4 ,9 ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga 7,a4,d4 #adcd & #adfg7 suis already appe>s1 correct$ f vis ,,gh4 ,! ,junt9e ed4 7#aeae7 has suis viribus m9or3 s ,prat4 & ,put4 #ajd4 et exornat4 ,vall4 & 7app>5tly7 ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif1 & mo/ edd43 et ornat ,m ,halm1 ,mei/]1 ,krg]3 exornat ,,ghs4 ,be*] rem>ks t et exornat might easily pass into exornat4 nom9abitur3 ,web] & ,osann propos$ nom9abatur 7:i* appe>s 9 ,h>l4 #bffb1 b correct$ to -itur74 ,krg] at fir/ accept$ ?is 9 support ( 8 !ory t ! :ole passage ref]s to ,cremutius1 :o #89 =m] days 7olim71 :ile 8 works 7 "u a ban1 0 only nam$ 7i4e4 0 a m]e "n1 b n[ is kn[n & appreciat$74' ,! p>allel passage 7#id7 is suffici5t to dispose ( any su* int]pretation3 sunt cl>i hodieque et qui olim nom9abuntur4 ,cremuti4 ,nipp]dey1 ,philol4 vi1 p4 #aic1 ,halm1 & ,mei/]3 remuti ,h ,prat4 ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif remremuti ,g1 rem utili ,burn4 #bdc3 remitti ,s4 ,bodl43 nec imitatores uti ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 #aafga4 ,a review ( ! v>i\s explanations ( ! :ole passage 7,sup]e/--quae man5t7 w be f\nd 9 ,holub's ,programm #8,w>um hielt si* ,tacitus von #hi-if n4 ,*r4 ni*t 9 ,rom auf8'--,weid5au1 #ahhc3 b 8 conjecture remoti 7i4e4 relegati7 = remuti is n to be ?\ght (4 divid5di3 fir/ 9 ! ,ald9e edition3 all ,,mss4 h vid5di1 except ,m 7indic5di7 & ,prat4 ,put4 ,h>l4 #diie 7viv5di74 ,cp4 i4 #aj4 #di1 :]e ! case is ! same4 #aje4 ,9 ! ,auri* ,programm1 ,be*] gives a m rec5t /atem5t ( 8 views3 #8wie zu cum causale1 s tritt praes]tim au* zu cum concessivum1 9 diesem ,falle wi$5zugeb5 mit1 80 um s auffall5d] i/1 als40 ,d] ,s9n i/ also3 8,i* weiss sehr wohl1 wel*5 ,/urm des ,unwill5s i* geg5 mi* errege1 und dies 7dies] ,/urm7 i/ um s auffall5d]1 als i* jetzt g> ni*t die ,absi*t hege1 me9e 79 ,pot5tialis gespro*5e7 ,behauptung 7=tit] opposu]im7 wahr zu ma*51 resp4 comp>&o dur*zufhr54 ,i* lasse ja dem ,demo/h5es se95 ,ruhm--9 primis leg5dum vel edisc5dum potius40' #bjf #ajf4 praep>&i4 ,= ,kid]l9's conj4 praep>&i1 n>r&i1 prob&i see ad loc4 omnia d5ique1 ,,gh1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl4 omit omnia 7:i* is 9 all my o!r ,,mss471 & ,mei/] n[ approves 7foll[+ ,spald+1 ,osann1 & ,wlffl971 on ! gr\nd t ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o 7 n alike 9 ev]y?+ t belongs to inv5tio4 ,halm ?9ks t omnia is to be f\nd 9 racioni ( ! old] ,,mss43 b ,kid]l9 po9ts out t ?is error may h aris5 f ! c>elessness ( a copyi/ :o1 aft] ?rice writ+ ! t]m9ation i1 gave x also to ! f\r? ^w4 illi--huic ,prat4 ,m1 ,s ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #bffb ,bodl4 c43 illic--hic ,,gh ,put4 #gbca1 #gfif1 ,halm4 #ajg4 v9cimus1 ,h1 ,g#b1 & mo/ ,,mss43 7cp4 #hf73 vicimus ,g4 #aji4 ub]tate ,h>l4 #diie4 ,?is is also ! read+ ( codd4 ,vall4 & ,go?43 all ! o!r ,,mss4 give ub]tas4 totas virtutes ,bn ,bg ,n ,prat4 ,ioan4 #gbca1 #gfif3 totas vires ,m b4 #aab4 ab hom9ibus ,halm & ,mei/]3 ab omnibus ,bn ,bg ,,hft ,ioan4 ,prat4 #gbca1 ,sal4 & mo/ codd43 hom9ibus ,s ,h>l4 #diie ,bodl4 #aae4 urbanitas4 ,kid]l9 proposes to read et praecipua 9 accus&o asp]itas et multa urbanitas3 cp4 #aag3 #fd3 #b #be3 ii4 #e4 #h4 ,cic]oni1 = ,cic]onem ( ! ,,mss4 ,9 ! ,rev4 de ,phil4 7,janv4-,m>s1 #ahhg7 ,bonnet quotes f ! ,montpelli] ,,ms4 a note ( ! sixte5? c5tury delet+ ! "n z a gloss 7on inv5i74 ,c]ta9ly all codd4 give ,cic]onem1 n ,cic]oni4 ,bonnet ?9ks t ! ins]tion does n accord ) ,qu9tilian's habitual def]5ce t[>ds ,cic]o3 #8,qu9tili5 se tr\vant dans le cas de contr$ire ,cicron ne le nomme pas4'--,be*] reports ,cic]oni1 a correction 9 ! ,vall5sis4 ca/igata1 ,b 7i4e4 ,bn & ,bg7 ,ioan4 ,prat4 #gbca1 #gfif ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #aafga3 cu/odita ,h ,m b ,f ,t ,alm4 ,h>l4 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdc1 #bdd1 ,bodl4 ,dorv4 & ,ball4 ,= gravis 7b,h ,m ,vall4 & seem+ly ,prat47 ,b ,sal4 #gbca1 #gfif & ,ioan4 give brevis4 si quid adiecturus sibi non si quid detracturus fuit1 ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie4 ,= ! repetition1 see on haud de]it #c #bf4 ,halm & ,mei/] pr9t si quid adiecturus fuit--7sc4 virtutibus suis1 cp4 #aaf1 #abj7--! read+ ( ,b 7i4e4 ,bn & ,bg71 :i* is also t ( ,ioan4 ,prat4 ,n #gbca ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga3 :ile ,m ,h>l4 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdd h si quid adiecturus fuit1 non si quid detracturus4 ,! read+ ( ,h is si quid adiecturus sibi non si quid detracturus ,sulpicius insignus fuit ut s]vius sulpicius insignem c43 s also ,t1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl4 ,! brackets 9 ,h are by a lat] h&1 indicat+ a gloss :i* arose f a mi/ake made by ! copyi/ ( ,h4 ,9 ,bg ! passage /&s3-- sibi non si quid detracturus si quid adiecturus3 fuit et s]vius sulpicius ,! words add$ above ! l9e are by ! h& kn[n z b4 ,9 copy+ ,h wrote3 si quid adiecturus sibi non si quid detracturus 7!n omitt+ fuit cont9ues7 et ,s]v4 ,sulp4 7!n goes back & resumes7 fuit et s]vius c4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( ! confusion :i* exi/s 9 all ! ,,mss4 ( ?is family4 #aag4 et f]vor4 ,?is is ,bursian's conjecture1 adopt$ by ,halm & ,krg] 7#crd ed471 & n[ approv$ by ,be*]4 ,,bm h et s]mo1 :i* is also ! read+ ( ,n ,prat4 ,sal4 #gbca1 #gfif ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diej & ,ball43 ,hb et summo3 ,h>l4 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdd et smo3 :ile ,bodl41 ,dorv41 & ,burn4 #bdc give ! correction 9 ,t eius summa1 out ( :i* ! second h& 9 ! ,vall5sis 7,laur5tius ,valla7 made et vis summa1 a read+ :i* occurs also 9 ,h>l4 #diie4 ,mei/] reads et s]mo purus2 :ile ,kid]l9 proposes et simplex s]mo 7cp4 iv4 #a4 #ed3 viii4 #c4 #hg3 ix4 #c4 #c3 #d4 #ag3 viii4 pr4 #bc3 x4 #b4 #af74 ut am>i sales4 ,francius conjectur$ ut amantur sales1 b ?is loses ! anti!sis betwe5 am>i & am>itudo ipsa4 ,kid]l9's ut amantur am>i sales 7viii4 #c4 #bjg #hg3 vi4 #a4 #dh7 is an improvem5t2 b if ridicula is tak5 9 a good s5se x seems impossible t aft] c5sur+ ,cassius = giv+ way unduly to /oma*us1 ,qu9tilian %\ld g on to say1 #8moreov]1 ?\gh bitt] wit gives pleasure1 bitt]ness by itself is (t5 laughable4' ,is x possible t we ought to read ut am>i sales risum mov5t ita am>itudo ipsa ridicula e/8 ,su* an anti!sis might h be5 writt5 #8p] comp5dium1' & ! words risum mov5t may !n h dropp$ out4 ,see ! note ad loc43 & cp4 especially vi4 #a4 #dh fecit enim risum s$ ridiculus fuit1 & 1 quot$ 9 ! note on #a #ajg4--,krg] 7#crd ed47 adopts frequ5tior = frequ5t]1 :i* gives a good s5se1 except t freq4 am> ipsa is awkw>d4 #aba4 l5e ,halm & ,mei/]3 leve ,b ,prat4 ,n #gbca ,m #gfif ,c4 ,"h aga9 ,be*] pref]s leve1 comp>+ ,cic4 de ,orat4 iii4 #aga1 quot$ on #dd above3 levitasque v]borum #a4 #eb3 & levia 444 ac nitida1 v4 #ab4 #ah4 #abc4 scrips]9t4 ,s ,bn ,bg ,h ,ioan4 ,prat4 #gbca1 #gfif ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #bffb1 #aafga1 ,bodl41 ,dorv41 ,spald+1 & ,bonnell4 ,be*] comp>es among o!r passages #b #ad 7concupi]9t71 & po9ts out t ,qu9tilian is n ?9k+ ( individual writ]s on philosophy1 b ( ! class1 z oppos$ to ! class ( orators1 hi/orians1 c4--,halm1 ,mei/]1 & ,krg] h sup]sunt 7,put4 ,m1 ,ball4 ,burn4 #bdc ,h>l4 #diej74 #abd4 ,plautus1 ,prat4 ,n1 #gbca ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 #aafga3 plantus ,m ,h>l4 #diej3 ,plantatus ,sal43 plau/us ,hb3 ,plancus edd4 vett4 & ,h>l4 #diie4 ,catius4 ,! "n is rightly giv5 9 ,h>l4 #diie4 #abf4 iis quibus illi4 ,iis is ! conjecture ( ,regius1 foll[$ by ,halm1 ,mei/]1 & ,krg]4 ,be*] w\ld reta9 9 quibus illi1--! read+ ( ,,bn ,prat4 ,ioan4 ,vall4 ,m ,h>l4 #diie1 #bffb1 #diej1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdd ,dorv4 ,ball4 ,! difficulty ( con/ru+ probably l$ to ! omission ( 9 9 b,h ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc1 #gbca1 #gfif1 ,spald+ & ,bonnell4 ab illo ,b ,ioan4 #gbca1 #gfif ,sal4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diej1 #dhbi3 ab eo b,h,m ,burn4 #bdc4 #abg4 =et enim opt&um3 =e enim aliquid opt&um b,h,f,t4 ,spald+ conjectur$ alioqui opt&um1 :i* ,kid]l9 approves4 ac saltem all ,,mss43 ,mei/] has aut saltem1 probably rely+ on a wrong acc\nt ( ! ,bamb]g5sis3 see ,halm vol4 ii1 p4 #cfi4 illi viro ,b3 illi virus b,h,m3 illi virtutibus ,halm3 illi viro eos 7or viro plurimos7 ,kid]l94 #abh4 multa r]um cognitio3 s all codd4 except ,ioann5sis & ,h>l4 #diie1 :i* h mult>um r]um cognitio4 b omits cognitio & is foll[$ by ,,hft4 #acj4 si obliqua contempsisset1 si p>um recta non concupisset4 ,i adopt ! read+ rec5tly propos$ = ?is vex$ passage by ,ed4 ,wlffl9 9 ,h]mes1 vol4 xxv 7#ahij71 pp4 #cbf-g1 ?\gh x is "r to note t he 0 p>tly 7z w be se5 bel[7 anticipat$ by ,kid]l94 ,obliqua seems ?or\ghly appropriate 9 ref]5ce to ,s5eca's unnatural1 /ilt$1 affect$ /yle1--#8j5e unnatrli*e1 dur* unmssig5 ,gebrau* von ,trop5 und ,figur5 auf ,s*raub5 ge/ellte ,ausdrucksweise1 wel*e /att d] ,kl>heit e9 ,s*ill]n zur ,folge hat4' ,wlffl9 comp>es ix4 #b4 #gh rectum g5us adprob>i nisi maximis viribus non pote/3 haec div]ticula et anfractus suffugia sunt infirmitatis1 ut qui cursu p>um val5t flexu eludunt1 cum haec quae adfectatur ratio s5t5ti>um non procul a ratione ioc&i abhorreat4 ,adiuvat etiam1 quod auditor gaudet intelleg]e et favet +5io suo et alio dic5te se laudat4 ,itaque non solum si p]sona ob/>et rectae orationi 7quo 9 g5]e saepius modo quam figuris opus e/7 decurrebant ad s*emata 444 ut si pat] 444 iacul>etur 9 uxorem obliquis s5t5tiis4 ,?is passage supplies 7:at is inde$ sugge/$ by obliqua itself7 ! anti!sis p>um recta3 cp4 ii4 #ac4 #aj si quis ut p>um rectum improbet opus4 #bjh ,9 ! ,jahrb*] f4 ,philologie 7vol4 #ace1 #ahhg3 p4 #hbh7 ,kid]l9 _h previ\sly dealt ) ! passage on simil> l9es4 ,! traditional read+ si aliqua contempsisset 7b7 he consid]s too indef9ite1 ?\gh n impossible3 9 po9t ( au?ority1 ?\gh pref]able to ! si nil aequalium cont4 ( ! lat] ,,mss41 x _c rank s high z ! read+ ( ,bn & ,bg1 :i* give simile quam )\t any attempt at em5dation4 ,?is ,kid]l9 ?9ks mu/ be ne>e/ ! orig9al3 he !re=e rejects su* conjectures z ,jeep's si antiqua non1 on ! gr\nd t x is improbable t simile quam arose out ( antiqua4 ,he introduces 8 own conjecture by ref]r+ to ix4 #b4 #ff & #gh 7see above71 & to ! contra/ betwe5 s*emata & rectum g5us1 recta oratio2 ! =m] are call$ lum9a or lum9a orationis 7xii4 #aj4 #fb74 ,cp4 viii4 #e4 #cd4 ,he w\ld read3 nam si mille ille s*emata 7or illas figuras7 similiaque lum9a contempsisset1 si p>um rectum g5us 7or s]monem7 non concupisset1 c4 ,similiaque occurs ix4 #d4 #dc3 mille 7= sesc5ti7 is us$ v4 #ad4 #cb3 = contempsisset cp4 ix4 #d4 #aac4 ,si mille illa & similiaque may easily h run toge!r1 :5 s*emata 7or figuras7 w\ld fall out3 quam 9 ! old] ,,mss4 may repres5t que lum9a1 :i* aga9 reappe>s 9 ! qualium ( ! lat] codd4 7si nil aequalium74 ,z an alt]native = p>um rectum g5ns 7or s]monem7 ,kid]l9 sugge/s ,wlffl9's read+ p>um recta3 & comp>es ix4 #b3 ii4 #e4 #aa3 v4 #ac4 #b3 ix4 #a4 #c2 #c4 #c3 x4 #a4 #dd2 #hi3 ii4 #ac4 #aj4 ,( ! ,,mss4 ,prat4 #gbca ,sal4 #gfif ,n ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga agree ) ,bn & ,bg 9 giv+ simile quam3 b has si aliqua3 ,,hft1 ,burn #bdc1 ,bodl4 aliqua3 ,m ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv4 ,c si nil aequalium4 ,among previ\s conjectures are si multa aequalium1 ,trnebladh3 si ille qua$am1 ,halm 7:]e ille is surely sup]flu\s73 si antiqua non1 ,jeep4 ,mei/] accepts ! read+ si aliqua non3 ,be*] ?9ks t si nil aequalium may be "r4 ,x is g5]ally admitt$ t a ^w mu/ h fall5 out aft] p>um3 ! codd4 all give si p>um non concupisset4 ,jeep propos$ si pravum 7 corruptum3 cp4 ii4 #e4 #aj7 non conc43 on :i* ,halm1 comp>+ omnia sua1 rem>ks1 #8debebat saltem prava4' ,b prava seems too /rong a ^w = ,qu9tilian to h us$ 9 a criticism :]e he is s /udi\sly mix+ praise & c5sure4 ,halm sugge/$ si p>um sana1 & is foll[$ by ,mei/]3 cp4 ,fronto's #8febriculosa' ( ,s5eca1 p4 #aee n4 ,s>pe propos$ si prava or p>va or plura3 ,buttmann si p>um concupisc5da 7or conv5i5tia73 ,h]zog si p>vum3 ,madvig si p>tim or p>tem 7i4e4 paulo plus quam aliqua1 & 9 opp4 to omnia sua1 bel[73 ,h(fmann si opip>um3 ,seyff]t si g>um3 ,kraff]t si non p>um excussisset 7cp4 #aja1 #abf3 v4 #g4 #f2 #g4 #cg2 #ac4 #ai3 xii4 #h4 #ac1 c473 ,gu/affson si p>va 7cp4 i4 #f4 #bj frivolae 9 p>vis iactantiae73 ,&res5 si similem ei quem contempsit se esse 7sc4 concupisset2 cp4 ,tac4 ,ann4 xiii4 #ef3 xii4 #fd3 ,hi/4 i4 #h3 ,livy xlv4 #bj4 #i7 si p>em non concupisset 7i4e4 si ,cic]onianum g5us dic5di imit>i quam div]so g5]e gloriam eius aemul>i maluisset73 or1 nam si similem ei quem contempsit se esse1 non p>em concupisset3 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 si p>um arguta3 ,h]tz 7:o argues t ! ^w :i* has fall5 out mu/1 ) p>um1 correspond to corrupta above7 si p>um pura4 utrimque ,mei/] & ,be*]1 foll[+ old edd41 ,spald+1 & ,bonnell3 utrumque ,b ,n #gbca1 #gfif3 virumque ,m3 utcumque ,halm1 #89 e way1' #8"o way or ano!r1'--propos$ by ,gesn] at #f #g4 #bji ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #b4 atque omnis4 ,kid]l9 7,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 #ahhg1 p4 #ded7 proposes to put commas at sequi & velimus1 & make ?is clause also subord9ate4 #c4 aut similes aut dissimiles4 ,&res5 sugge/s aut similes aut non dissimiles or aut similes aut c]te haud dissimiles4 #f4 tradid]unt 7,,bnm ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdc1 & ,dorv47 is p[]fully support$ by ,be*] 9 8 late/ tractate 7,programm des knigli*5 ,gymnasiums zu ,auri*1 p4 #ac7 aga9/ tradid]9t1 ! read+ ( b ,prat4 ,bodl4 & ,vall4 7correct$ 9 ! la/ f tradid]unt71 ,burmann1 ,spald+1 ,bonnell1 ,halm1 ,mei/]1 & ,krg]4 ,be*] holds t 9 ,qu9tilian1 z frequ5tly 9 ,cic]o1 cum ) ! indicative is (t5 us$ 9 su* a way 7quot+ f ,c4 ,f4 ,w4 ,mll]7 #8ut non prorsus idem sit1 s$ simillimum ei1 quod b>b>e dic]e solemus id5titatis4 ,nam ut 8cum tac5t clamant0 non e/ 8si tac5t10 multo m9us 8quo tempore0 aut 8propt]ea quod0 aut 8quamquam10--s$ 8tac5t idque idem e/ ac si clam5t10 sic 8cum hoc facis qui potes fac]e illud80 et sim41 ,g]man1 item 8w5n du dies ?u/0 valet3 8hoc facis ex eoque p] se efficitur1 non ratione1 s$ ipsa natura1 ut illud non possis fac]e40 ,ut pro ,q4 ,roscio #c4 #i quam ob rem1 cum cet]a nom9a 9 ord9em ref]ebas1 hoc nom5 9 adv]s>iis rel9quebas8 non significat nec 8quamquam0 nec 8qu&o10 s$ 8w5n40' ,be*] adds ! foll[+ p>allel passages3 ,cic4 pro ,clu5t4 #dg4 #aca id ipsum quantae div9ationis e/ scire innoc5tem fuisse reum1 cum iudices sibi dix]unt non liqu]e1 & ,v]g4 ,ecl4 #c4 #af quid dom9i faci5t1 aud5t cum talia fures8 7,cp4 ,madvig de ,f94 p4 #be47 ,9 ! same way he treats cum 444 sunt consecuti #g #ai bel[1 :i* seems1 h[ev]1 to be some:at diff]5t4 ,"h !re is an anti!sis1 & 9 su* cases cum 7#8:]eas'7 may v well take ! indicative3 !re ! clause #8cum s9t consecuti' is add$ to %[ ! reasonabl5ess 7cum #8s9ce'7 ( ! dem& t extempor>y facility %all be made fully equal to cogitatio--see ad loc4 ,nei!r in/ance c be expla9$ on ! analogy ( cum ) ! indic4 us$ ( #8id5tity' 7z #8cum tac5t1 clamant1' quot$ above73 9 su* cases ! subject is g5]ally ! same 9 bo? clauses4 ,& 9 su* a passage z pro ,clu5t4 #aca cum is usually expla9$ z quo tam5 tempore4 eru5das ,m ,h>l4 #diie3 all o!r codd4 erudi5das4 m5suris ac l9eis4 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 quotes ) approval ! conjecture ( ,fri$lnd] 7,d>/4 aus d] ,sitt5ges*4 ,roms iii4 #d4 p4 #aid4 #d7 eisdem m5suris ac l9eis1 & recomm5ds ! ins]tion ( eisdem 9 ! text1--aft] l9eis1 :]e x is m likely to h fall5 out4 ,b ?is is unnecess>y4 #g4 turpe etiam illud e/4 ,hild puts a comma aft] sciant1 & by supply+ be=e turpe e/ an ita to correspond ) quemadmodum1 makes out a comp>ison ( :i* quemadmodum1 c41 is ! fir/ clause & turpe etiam illud e/ ! second4 ,?is is c]ta9ly to misund]/& ! passage4 ,! quemadmodum clause goes ) :at is be=e1 n ) :at foll[s1 s t a comma aft] ali5i w\ld be en\gh1 7 x n = ! necessity ( hav+ ! m>k ( int]rogation 7cp4 #i bel[74 ,!n turpe etiam illud e/ comes 91 resum+ pigri e/ +5ii 9 #d1 j z imm$iately aft]w>ds rursus quid erat futurum #g resumes quid enim futurum erat #d4 ,! :ole passage is an elaboration ( ! dictum ) :i* #d op5s1 #8imitatio p] se ipsa non sufficit4' ,qu9tilian fir/ says t we1 z well z ^? :o h gone be=e u1 may make discov]ies 7cur igitur nefas e/ rep]iri aliquid a nobis quod ante non fu]it874 ,surely we are n to conf9e ourselves to h>d & fa/ l9es l s]vile copyi/s4 #baj ,!n he goes on to add 9 #g t we mu/ surpass our models 7plus effic]e eo quem sequimur71 in/ead ( re/+ cont5t ) m]e reproduction 7id consequi quod imitamur73 o!rwise ,livius ,&ronicus w\ld /ill be ! pr9ce ( poets1 we %\ld /ill be sail+ on rafts1 & pa9t+ w\ld /ill be no?+ m ?an ! trac+ ( outl9es4 ,! necessity = progress is fir/ %[n 7#d-f7 by an appeal to ! example ( ! pa/1 & by ! unfruitful "w ( su* pa9t]s z are m]e copyi/s3 !n 9 #g poetry1 hi/ory1 navigation1 z well z pa9t+ are put 9 evid5ce = ! argum5t ex contr>io4 #h4 mansit1 ,mei/]3 sit codd43 e/ ,fleckeis5 7& ,halm73 fuit ,g5sl]4 #i4 adpet5t ,bg ,,hft3 appet5t ,prat4 ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #diie ,bodl4 c43 appetunt ,n ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdc4 hoc agit ,halm1 foll[$ by ,mei/] 7cp4 #g #d73 hoc ait b ,h1 om4 ,bn ,bg ,n ,ioan4 ,prat4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga3 agit 7s9e hoc7 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej ,m1 & mo/ codd4 #aj4 quaeque p>es maxime may be a gloss3 x is f\nd only 9 ^? ,,mss4 :i* give simplicissimae = simillimae3 b ,h ,h>l4 #diej ,m ,burn4 #bdc ,bodl4 utique 7b ,m ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdc ,bodl4 ,dorv47 may also be suspect$3 x does n occur 9 ,bn ,bg ,n ,ioan4 ,prat4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 #aafga4 #aa4 orationibus1 ,bg3 ,ioan1 gives oratione3 s also ,voss4 #a & #c 7,zumpt74 accommodatur b ,h ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,bodl4 ,dorv4 & ,mei/]3 commodatur ,bn ,n ,prat4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga1 & ,halm4 #ab4 inv5tio vis ,b ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga3 inv5tionis b ,h ,h>l4 #ddie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,c1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl41 ,dorv4 #ac4 cum et1 ed4 ,colon4 #aebg3 et cum ,b ,h ,ioan4 ,prat4 ,n 7et quum7 ,m3 cum ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie4 ,on ! usual int]pretation ( ?is difficult passage ut quorum 444 collocata sunt =ms "o p>5!sis3 b ?is is an unnecess>y ext5sion ( ! explanation ( int]cidant invalescantque temporibus4 ,see ad loc4 accommodata sit1 codd4 except ,h>l4 #diie1 :i* omits sit3 acc4 e/ ,halm1 foll[$ by ,hild 7dep5d+ on pr\t1 n cum3 see note ad loc474 ,madvig's conjecture accommod&a sit is approv$ by ,kid]l9 7cp4 ix4 #d4 #abf adeoque rebus accommod&a compositio74 ,b ! correctness ( ! read+ 9 ! text 7& also ( ! explanation giv5 9 ! note ad loc47 w be evid5t to any "o :o consid]s ! :ole s5t5ce c>efully4 ,to cum et v]ba int]cidant corresponds exactly ! d\ble clause et compositio 444 rebus accommodata sit on ! "o h&1 & et compositio 444 ipsa v>ietate gratissima 7sc4 sit--repeat$ f accommodata sit7 on ! o!r4 ,?is d\ble clause is r awkw>dly jo9$ by cum 444 tum4 ,to take accommodata sit z dep5d+ on ! cum :i* foll[s compositio is to de/roy ! balance ( ! s5t5ce4 ,9 ?is case an indep5d5t sit w\ld h to be suppli$ ) gratissima 7to make et compositio 444 gratissima sit correspond to et v]ba int]cidant above73 & ! translation w\ld !n be3 #8x is j :5 7cum 444 tum71 or exactly 9 proportion z1 x is adapt$ to ! s5se 7rebus accommodata7 t ! v v>iety 7!reby secur$7 gives ! arrangem5t its greate/ *>m4' ,b if ?is _h be5 ,qu9tilian's mean+ he w\ld surely h writt5 cum rebus accommodatur 7or--ata e/7 tum ipsa v>ietate sit gratissima4 #ad4 quos imitemur4 ,! ,d',orville ,,ms4 gives quos eligamus ad imit&um1--probably an em5dation by ! copyi/1 ?\gh x may expla9 ! orig9 ( ! read+ ( b & ,h quos at imit&um4 quid sit ad quod nos4 ,! ad is due to ,regius3 mo/ codd4 h quid sit quod nos1 except ,h>l4 #diie1 :i* is aga9 9 agreem5t ) ,go?4 ,vall4 ,voss4 #b & ! second h& 9 ,p>4 #b3 quid sit quod nobis4 #ae4 et a doctis1 int] ipsos etiam4 ,! explanation giv5 9 ! notes is due to ,&res5 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #cj1 p4 #eba71 :o1 h[ev]1 wi%$ to ins]t et be=e int] #baa ipsos4 ,! comma makes t unnecess>y4 ,s ,kid]l9 7,b]l4 ,jahrb4 ,,xiv1 #ahhh1 p4 #ga sq474 dicunt1 ,h>l4 #diie3 dicant all codd43 #8em5d4 ,badius' 7,halm74 ut sic dix]im ,vall4 7,be*]73 cp4 pr4 #bc3 i4 #f4 #a3 ii4 #ac4 #i3 v4 #ac4 #b4 ,,bm ,prat4 h ut dix]im4 ,halm wrote ut ita dix]im1 comp>+ i4 #ab4 #b3 ix4 #d4 #fa3 b ut sic is m common 9 ! ,lat9ity ( ! ,silv] ,age4 #af4 compositis exultantes4 ,kid]l9 7,b]l4 ,jahrb4 ,,xiv1 #ahhh1 p4 #gb7 w\ld pref] compositis rigidi 7cp4 xi4 #c4 #cb3 xii4 #aj4 #g3 ix4 #c4 #aja3 xii4 #aj4 #cc71 comptis 7cp4 i4 #gi3 viii4 #c4 #db7 exultantes #8/att wohlgeordnet /eif1 /att s*mucklieb5d putzs*tig4' ,ano!r unnecess>y em5dation is laetis exultantes1 compositis corrupti 7,l9dau73 or compositis exiles 7,dntzn]74 #ag4 quidlibet1 mo/ codd43 quamlibet ,m1 ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej3 qui licet b,h4 ,iwan ,mll] 7,bursian's ,jahresb4 #ahgi1 p4 #afb7 condemns illud1 & w\ld read ei!r quamlibet frigidum 7cp4 #c #ai & ix4 #b4 #fg3 quamlibet ap]tum71 or quidlibet frigidum1 :i* latt] is approv$ by ,p4 ,hirt4 ,eussn] sugge/s ! deletion ( illud frigidum et inane1 ?9k+ t ^! words may be ! rema9s ( a gloss on #af4 ,attici sunt scilicet4 ,spald+'s read+ seems on ! :ole to be pref]r$4 ,! ret5tion ( sunt 7repres5t$ 9 "s ,,mss4 by a simple s1--h5ce ! read+ ,atticis scilicet7 makes x less necess>y to foll[ ,mei/] 9 ins]t+ a sunt aft] qui praec4 concl4 obscuri3 9 s loose a writ] z ,qu9tilian ! fir/ sunt w\ld d duty = bo?4 ,halm foll[s ,bn & ,bg1 :i* app>5tly 7z also ,n ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 & #aafga7 h ,attici scilicet3 ,mei/] 7) b,h,m & ,h>l4 #diej7 gives ,atticis scilicet4 ,9 ! ,ioann5sis ,i f9d ,attici s 7= sunt73 ,dorv4 & ,burn4 #bdd give ,atticis s4 ,scilicet 7om4 ,prat47 may be a gloss1 & ! true read+ may be ,attici sunt4 ,"s codd4 7,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc7 give ,atticos scilicet 7,a?icos ,h>l4 #diie73 qy4 ,atticorum similes8 7cp4 ,cic4 ,brut4 #bhg74--;,be*] n[ pref]s ,atticis 7sc4 se p>es cr$unt74 #bb4 proposito4 ,?is conjecture by ,g]tz 7,opuscula philol4 c41 p4 #acd7 ,i h f\nd 9 ! ,ioann5sis 799ppo7 & 9 ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga4 ,x is approv$ also by ,kid]l94 ,b,n,hb ,prat4 ,sal4 give propositio3 all o!r codd4 proposita4 ,p]haps we %\ld read 7) ,ioan47 sua cuique proposito e/ lex1 suus decor e/4 ,prat4 omits ! second e/4 #bc4 t5uitas aut iucunditas1 ,halm & ,mei/]3 t5uitas ac iucunditas b ,h1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl43 t5uitas aut nuditas ,n ,ioan4 ,m ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga3 t5uitas ac nuditas ,prat4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,c1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv43 aut iuditas ,bg4 #be4 quid ergo8 non e/ satis1 c4 ,g]tz proposes to read1 %ortly aft]w>ds1 mihi quidem satis esset2 set si omnia consequi possem1 quid tam5 noc]et vim ,caes>is 444 adsum]e8 7 s$ etiam si satis mihi esset1 tam5 nihil noc]et vim ,caes>is 444 adsum]e1 si omnia haec consequi possem74 #bh4 de]unt1 ,francius3 de]ant 7d]ant7 all codd4 ,be*] def5ds de]ant3 #8d] ,rhetor me9t dass qui propria bona adiec]it ft] ,v]anlassung gehabt hab5 wird1 ,fehl5des zu ergnz5 als zu bes*neid5 si quid r$undabit4' oporteat b,h,f,t ,bodl4 ,m ,h>l4 #diej ,burn4 #bdc3 oportebat ,b ,prat4 ,n ,sal4 ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 #aafga ,burn4 #bdd ,dorv4 ,! latt] 7:i* is adopt$ by ,halm7 w\ld indicate 7cp4 viii4 #d4 #bb7 a condition :i* ought to h be5 & may /ill be realis$3 ! =m] 7adopt$ by ,mei/] & approv$ by ,be*]7 is ! conjunctive pot5tial1 & is q 9 ,qu9tilian's mann] 7cp4 xi4 #b4 #bj73 x conveys ! expression ( a pres5t duty & obligation1 ! realisation ( :i* may n[ be expect$1 & x connects also m intimately ) erit 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce4 #bab ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #a4 nobis ipsis1 codd43 e nobis ipsis ,g]tz4 utilitatis etiam4 ,ioan4 gives etiam utilitatis1 :i* ,spald+ quotes also f ,go?4 #b4 alte refossa4 ,?is 7! read+ ( ,n7 ,i h f\nd also 9 ,ioan4 & ,prat43 alt] effossa ,,bh3 altius effossa ,h>l4 #diie ,m ,h>l4 #diej1 #dhbi ,burn4 #bdd ,bodl4 ,dorv43 alte effossa ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga4 fecundior fit4 ,fit appe>s z a correction 9 ,t & ,vall43 x does n occur 9 ,b ,m ,prat4 ,h ,t ,ioan4 ,s ,h>l4 #diie or #bffb4 ,p]haps fecundior is ! true read+1 & e/ is to be suppli$ 9 ?\ght3 ,introd4 p4 lv4 effundit ,b ,prat4 ,ioan4 ,n & mo/ codd43 effunditur b ,h4 et fundit ,vall4#b ,m1 ,h>l4 #diie1 ,halm & ,mei/]4 p>5tis3 p>5tium ,ioan43 p>5tum ,dorv4 ,h>l4 #diej ,burn4 #bdd ,c3 p>5tibus b,h ,bodl4 #d4 iam h9c4 ,obre*t iam hunc3 see note ad loc4 ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga agree 9 iam hic4 #f4 scriptorum4 ,?is read+1 attribut$ to ,badius by ,halm & ,mei/]1 is f\nd 9 ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #diie ,burn4 #bdc ,h>l4 #bffb 7! la/ corr4 f -em74 ,x is also 9 ! editio pr9ceps 7,campanus71 & ! ed4 ,&r4 ,be*] reports x z a correction 9 ,vall4 #i4 sequetur ,bn & ,bg ,n ,sal4 ,dorv4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diej1 #dhbi1 #aafga3 p]sequetur b ,h>l4 #diie ,burn4 #bdc3 prosequetur ,,hm ,bodl4 & ,prat4 ,prosequetur 7,spald4 & ,bonnell7 may be "r3 !re is a graphic t\* ab\t ! comp\nd4 #aj4 ut provideamus obeliz$ by ,halm 7aft] ,bursian73 b see note4 ,be*] propos$ provideamus ut resi/amus et 444 co]ceamus3 ,krg] sugge/s r resi/amus et provideamus ut 444 co]ceamus3 ,jeep1 ut provide eamus1 also1 = eff]5tes se1 eff]v5tes4 ,! passage is discuss$ by ,kid]l9 7,bltt] f4d4 bay] ,gymn4 #ahhh1 p4 #he71 :o recomm5ds ! excision ( et be=e eff]5tes1 z x is f\nd 9 no ,,ms4 ,he translates3 #8,ab] g]ade dann1 w5n wir uns j5e ,fhigkeit 7s*nell zu s*reib57 angeeignet hab5 7bei sol*51 wel*e no* ni*t s*nell s*reib5 knn51 fehlt es an ,ruhepaus5 obneh9 ni*t71 woll5 wir innehalt51 um vorwrts zu blick51 die dur*geh5d5 ,rosse woll5 wir glei*sam mit d5 ,zgeln zurckhalt54' ,he consid]s ut provideamus a necess>y addition1 9 ord] to make ! mean+ ( resi/amus cle>4 #8,0 j$] ,besonn5e beim ,s*reib5 ?ut1 dass er man*mal innehlt1 um vorwrts zu blick51 d4h4 um si* zu bes9n51 wel*e ,g$ank5 nun am be/5 folg5 und wie sie am be/5 ausg$rckt w]d51 rt hi] ,qu9t4 se95 ,les]n4' ,! be/ ,,mss4 read resi/4 ut provid4 eff]5tes equos fr5is3 ,hb ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc give ut = et3 ,h>l4 #diie has resi/4 ut prohibeamus f]5tes equos fr4 quib4 co]c43 #diej & ,burn4 #bdd resi/4 ut prohibeamus eff]5tes equos quos fr4 quib4 co]c4 ,! read+ et eff]5tes se is due to ,burmann4 ,some?+ might be said = et f]5tes se3 #8f]re se' is (t5 us$ by ,v]gil ( #8mov+ ) consci\s pride1' e4g4 ,a54 i4 #ejc3 v4 #cgb3 viii4 #aih3 ix4 #eig3 xi4 #ggi4 #ab4 patruo4 ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga bo? give patrono3 :i*1 ) o!r co9cid5ces1 e/abli%es _! relation%ip to ! ,guelf]bytanus 7,spald474 #ad4 quod omni1 see note ad loc43 edd4 vett ex quo4 #ae4 plura et cel]ius ,prat4 ,n3 & s n[ ,be*] reports f ,b & ,ambrosianus ii4 ,et _h escap$ ,halm's notice1 & ,mei/] foll[s1 plura cel]ius4 #bac s$ quid3 s$ is suppli$ by ! old edd41 b does n appe> 9 any ,,ms4 ,halm 7ii4 p4 #cfi7 conjectures at1 :i* may easily h slipp$ out aft] obv5iat4 #ag4 quae fuit3 7man5t7 quae fudit ,h>l4 #diie 7z also ,go?4 ,voss4 #b & ,vall47 #ai4 urget4 ,kid]l9 supports 79 ,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 #ahhh1 p4 #hf7 8 proposal to read urgetur1 :i* w\ld h[ev] give a diff]5t anti!sis4 #8,:5 we write ourselves1 our ?\ghts out/rip our p51 b :5 we dictate we =get t ! scribe is writ+ "u simil> conditions1 & give him too mu* to d4' #bj4 9 intelleg5do4 ,?is conj41 :i* is due to ,h4 ,j4 ,mll] & ,iwan ,mll]1 has be5 adopt$ by ,be*] & ,mei/]3 leg5do ,,bm ,ioan1 & mo/ codd4 7,halm74 ,see note ad loc4 ,! true read+ may be si t>dior 9 scrib5do aut inc]tior1 et 9 intelleg5do velut (f5sator fuit4 ,?is is support$ by et dilig5do 7b,h ,burn4 #bdc ,bodl471 = :i* ,spald+ conjectur$ et del5do1 ,g]tz 9 t55do 7#8significatur not>ium imp]itum et oscitantem v]ba quae dictantur non /atim intelleg]e aut fidelit] t5]e1 ut saepius eadem dict&a s9t'74 ,a numb] ( codd4 7,ioan4 ,vall4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdc & #bdd1 ,dorv47 h in]tior = inc]tior3 b ?is gives no anti!sis to t>dior3 x appe>s1 h[ev]1 9 ed4 ,colon4 #aebg4 ,! same codd4 7& also ,m7 h fu]it1 = fuit1 :i* may be "r4 concepta ,regius3 conceptae codd4 ,be*] po9ts out t concip]e & excut]e are #8t]m9i te*nici'3 cp4 ,scrib4 ep4 ad ,c4 ,jul4 ,calli/4 p4 #c ,r ne praegnanti m$icam5tum quo conceptum excutitur detur3 & ,ovid1 excute virg9eo conceptas pectore flammas4 #ba4 altiorem4 ,?is read+1 ascrib$ by ,halm & ,mei/] to ed4 ,colon4 7#aecf7 ,i h f\nd 9 ,h>l4 #bffb 7,a4,d4 #adcd7 & #aafga 7,a4,d4 #adfg74 ,b ,n ,ioan1 & o!r codd4 aptiorem3 ,prat4 ap]tiorem1 & s a lat] h& 9 ,vall4 frontem et latus int]im obiurg>e4 ,b1 ,prat4 ,m1 ,ioan41 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diej1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdd & ,dorv4 all give simul et int]im3 ,h>l4 #diie 7aga9 9 agreem5t ) ! #bnd h& 9 ,vall47 & ,burn4 #bdc h simul v]t]e latus et int]im 7! read+ ( _m old edd473 s ,bodl4 except t x omits et4 ,x is to b t we mu/ apply = :at mu/ be at lea/ a trace ( ! true read+2 & b gives s9tieletus1 :i* ,h %[s z s9tielatus4 ,consid]+ h[ liable s 77 & f are to be confus$1 ,i v5ture to ?9k t inti may conceal fronte4 ,bursian's femur et latus 7,halm & ,mei/]7 is n s ne> ! ,,mss43 x is bas$ on ii4 #ab4 #aj & xi4 #c4 #abc 7quot$ ad loc471 b ! latt] passage w\ld w>rant frontem q z mu* z femur1 & frontem f]ire seems to h be5 consid]$ by ,qu9tilian a m extravagant action ?an femur f]ire1 ( :i* he says #8et usitatum e/ et indignantes decet et excitat auditorem4' ,9 any case ! man :o is 9 ! agony ( composition is z likely1 if alone1 to #8rap 8 =ehead' & #8smite 8 *e/1' z to #8slap 8 ?igh4' ,frots*] & ,bonnell's s9um et latus _c be support$ by any p>allel = su* an expression z s9um ca$]e1 f]ire1 obiurg>e4 ,be*] approves ,g]tz's conjecture semet int]im obiurg>e1 :i* is adopt$ also by ,krg] 7#crd ed47 z increp>e3 #8obiurgat semet ipse scrib5s et convicium sibi facit ut /ulto1 si qu&o t>dior 9 inv5i5do e/4' ,ano!r int]e/+ conjecture is put =w>d by ,kid]l9 7,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 #ahhh1 p4 #hg74 ,he proposes to read 7on ! l9es ( b7 s+ultire1 latus int4 ob4 ,?is w\ld ne$ to be tak5 ( ^? m or less in>ticulate s\nds :i* ! solit>y writ] addresses 1 :5 !re is no "o !re to li/54 ,kid]l9 ref]s to s+ultantium 9 #g #bj1 ( brok5 utt]ance3 b we _c take ! ref]5ce "h ( #8sobs' or #8gasps'3 ! writ] is n practis+ ) a view to !atrical effect1 he is suppos$ to be indulg+ 9 little peculi>ities t become ridicul\s 9 ano!r's pres5ce4 ,z an alt]native ,kid]l9 sugge/s s+ultu latus int]im obiurg>e1 comp>+ = ! ablative #ae cogitationem murmure agitantes4 ,s+ultus is common #bad en\gh3 & ,kid]l9 ?9ks t z s+ultire is ne>] ! ,,mss4 ?an s+ult>e1 x may possibly h be5 us$ "h by ,qu9tilian4 #bb4 secretum 9 dict&o4 ,s b,h ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl41 ,m1 ,dorv43 quod dict&o ,,bn ,prat4 ,ioan41 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdd 7corr4 to 974 ,) ! read+ quod dict&o p]it1 atque lib]um 444 nemo dubitav]it 7,halm & ,mei/]7 x is s5seless to quote #b #bj 7,bonn41 ,mei/]1 & ,dosson7 z p>allel4 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 reads secretum dict&o p]it4 ,atque lib]um arbitris1 c4 #bc4 mihi c]te iucundus4 ,aft] ^! words ,h has videmoni 7& s ! cod4 ,alm473 ,flor4 v9demoni4 ,?is ^w greatly puzzl$ ,spald+1 & has be5 all[$ to disappe> f ! critical editions ( ,halm & ,mei/]4 ,jeep trans=m$ x into mihi c]te vitae inani iucundus1 c4 ,an +5i\s sugge/ion is made by ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,purs] 79 ! ,classical ,review1 ii1 p4 #bbb b74 ,he ?9ks t x may be 8! gloss ( a monk1 on a some:at ornate passage ab\t poetry1 :o recollect$ h[ 7z ,bacon says 9 8 #8,essay on ,tru?'7 "o ( ! ,fa!rs _h 9 great sev]ity call$ ,poesie v9um daemonum40 ,cp4 ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+ ii4 #bb4 #ac1 :]e ,mr4 ,wright tells u t ,augu/9e calls poetry v9um erroris ab ebriis doctoribus prop9atum1 ,confess4 i4 #af2 & t ,j]ome1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ,damasus1 says ,daemonum cibus e/ c>m9a poet>um1 :ile bo? ^! quotations are comb9$ 9 "o passage by ,cornelius ,agrippa1 de ,inc]t4 c4 c4 #d4 ,h5ce ! phrase v9um daemonum may h be5 comp\nd$4--,if ! gloss is to be cr$it$ to ! copyi/ ( ,h 7z seems probable71 x p]haps arose f some?+ t caught 8 eye 9 ! ,bamb]g5sis f\r l9es fur!r d[n1 :]e t5d]e ani7mum7 is %[n 9 a =m t c\ld easily be mi/ak5 by a sleepy scribe4 #bd4 ramis1 ref]r$ by ,halm & ,mei/] to ed4 ,camp41 appe>s 9 ,h>l4 #diie3 x is report$ by ,be*] also f ! ,vall5sis4 ,all o!r codd4 rami4 voluptas i/a videatur mo/ codd43 videatur i/a voluptas ,n4 #be4 oculi4 ,kid]l9 ?9ks x all[able to inf] f ! words ex quo nulla exaudiri vox t aures aut has fall5 out be=e oculi4 ,cp4 #bh nihil eorum quae oculis vel auribus incursant4 velut tectos3 velut rectos all codd4 ,!re is ! same confusion at ix4 #a4 #bj :]e ,m has recteque = tecteque 7i4e4 tectaeque74 ,= ,be*]'s explanation ( ! vulgate tectos 7fir/ 9 ed4 ,leid47 see ad loc4 ,kid]l9 7,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 #ahhh1 p4 #hh7 is n satisfi$1 & objects t = tectos t5eat we %\ld h expect$ tegat4 ,! figure also seems to him out ( place1 z ! context speaks n ( ! attack ( an enemy1 b ( ! di/ractions :i* draw ! m9d ( ! /ud5t away f 8 task3 #bc avoc5t1 respexit3 #bd ad se trahunt3 #be aliud ag]e4 ,he proposes1 !re=e1 velut recto it9]e1 comp>+ iv4 #b4 #ajd ut vi quadam videamur adfectus velut recto it9]e depulsi1 & ii4 #c4 #i et recto it9]e lassi pl]umque dev]tunt4 ,it9]e may fir/ h fall5 out1 & !n recto may h be5 *ang$ to rectos4--,halm conjectur$ velut secretos1 or co]citos2 ,wrobel1 velut relictos4 #bf4 haud de]it3 aut de]it ,,bn ,ioan1 & all codd4 except a lat] h& 9 ,vall4 ,kid]l9 7,bltt] l4c47 comm5ts on ! infrequ5t use ( haud 9 ,qu9tilian1 ?\gh haud dubie #a #he 7:]e h[ev] ,,gh h aut7 mu/ h escap$ him 7cp4 i4 #a4 #d72 & f\nd+ on ! cons5sus ( ! ,,mss4 = aut he proposes to read aut non de]it or aut c]te non de]it4 ,b haud goes closely ) de]it1 & does n 7l non1 ac non7 introduce an anti!sis to sup]]it4 ,aut de]it might be made to mean t ! sleepless man is to "w3 b ?is w\ld be too cruel6 #bi4 et it9]e de]remus3 et ita ne ,,bn ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,dorv4 & ,ball43 ita erremus ,h,mb ,bodl4 7erramus74 ,! read+ 9 ! text is giv5 by ,halm & ,mei/] z f ! old editions3 x occurs 9 ,vall4 & ,h>l4 #diie4 #ca4 crebra relatione appe>s 9 ,h>l4 #diie 7& ,vall47 correct$ f crebro relationi :i* is ! read+ ( ,b ,ioan4 & all codd4 ,jeep sugge/$ crebra dilatione1 #bae ,kid]l9 crebriore elatione4 ,o!r proposals are crebra relictionis1 q4 i4 c41 repetitione1 ,gottfri$ ,h]mann 79 ,frots*]71 crebra relictione1 q4 i4 c41 et repetitione1 ,zumpt 79 ,spald4 v1 p4 #dbc74 ,be*] ?9ks crebro may be "r1 adv]bs be+ (t5 us$ 9 ,lat9 :]e we %\ld use adjectives3 crebro w\ld !n g closely ) morantur & frangunt4 #cb4 adici5do #8= mak+ additions'3 s ,bursian1 ,halm1 & ,be*]4 ,,bn ,prat4 ,ioan1 & mo/ codd4 h adici5da3 b adici5di s9t3 ,h>l4 adjici5di sit4 ,mei/] adopts adici5ti f ed4 ,col4 #aeee3 s ,spald+3 cp4 iv4 #e4 #f quo cognosc5ti iudicium conamur auf]re 7:]e ,b has cognosc5di74 ultra modum esse c]as velim3 ,ioan1 omits esse1 & is ?us 9 agreem5t ) ,n4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #c4 habet3 habeat1 ,halm quot+ f ed4 ,camp4 ,habeat occurs 9 ,burn4 #bdc3 mo/ codd4 h habet1 b "s 7,h & ,bodl47 give hab5t4 ,,*apt] ,v4 #a4 p>antibus3 = ! ex imp>antibus ( ,bn ,n & ,ioan4 ,bursian add$ non e/ huius4 ,s ,halm4 ,h>l4 #diie gives nec exub]antis id quidem e/ op]is ut explicemus4 factum e/ iam1 ,halm & ,mei/]3 e/ etiam all codd4 except ,ioan1 :i* has factum etiam4 iam robu/orum3 s all codd4 except b,h,f,t :i* omit iam3 & ,h>l4 #diie1 ,burn4 #bdd :i* give iam robu/iorum4 #b4 id ,messallae3 ,b ,ioan4 ,m & mo/ codd4 ,ball4 & ,dorv4 h[ev] give ,m4 id ,messalae3 & ,h>l4 #diie ,m>co id ,messalae4 ,! spell+ ,messallae is adopt$ 9 ! text z m correct4 #d4 eadem3 s mo/ edd4 & ,spald+1 foll[$ by ,mayor & ,krg] 7#crd ed473 e&em all codd41 ) ! s+le exception ( ,m1 & s ,halm & ,mei/]1 ?\gh )\t giv+ any indication ( ! mean+4 ,! only way to expla9 e&em seems to be to cont9ue ! s5t5ce 9 ?\ght sc4 quae non proprie1 or quae apud poetas3 cp4 e&em i4 #i4 #a4 ,! s5se w !n be3 #8! poet's inspiration has an elevat+ influ5ce1 :ile 8 lic5ces ( /yle d n c>ry ) !m 9 advance1 or involve1 ! correspond+ ability to use ! language ( ord9>y prose3 some?+ is left = ! reproduc]4' ,?is sugge/s t !re may be some?+ 9 ! read+ ( ,b 7also ,vall4 & ,h>l4 #diie71 :i* h no non ) praesumunt1 at lea/ if we may read eadem3 #8poetical lic5ce implies t ! orator c say ! same ?+s propriis v]bis4' ,bursian sugge/$ nec 7= et7 v]ba 444 praesumunt4 #e4 po/ quod4 ,h>l4 #diie aga9 agrees ) ,go?4 & ,voss4 #b1 praet] quod3 s ,vall4 #ac4 reus sit4 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 revives ,halm's conj4 rect5e reus sit1 to correspond ) rect5e occid]it & hone/5e tradid]it 9 :at foll[s3 along ) ,g]tz's qua]amus1 an to correspond ) v5iat 9 iudicium an1 ,be*]1 h[ev] 7,philol4 xiv1 p4 #gbd71 has po9t$ out t if ! object ( su* a *ange is to secure complete symmetry1 we %\ld ne$ to read1 #8,cornelius rect5e codicem leg]it' qua]amus1 an #8liceatne magi/ratui 444 recit>e'3 o!rwise1 9 ! o!r two cases ! text ought to run1 #8,milo quod ,clodium occidit' v5iat 9 iudicium1 an4441 & #8,cato quod #baf ,m>ciam tradidit ,hort5sio' an4 ,qn9tilian has avoid$ ?is excess ( p>allelism )\t com+ into conflict ) logic4 ,j z at iii4 #e4 #aj we h ,milo ,clodium occidit1 iure occidit insidiatorem3 nonne hoc qua]itur1 an sit ius insidiatorem occid5di81 s "h ! f9ita or specialis causa %[s ! =m ( a positive /atem5t 7,cornelius reus e/71 z frequ5tly 9 ,s5eca4 ,reus sit & leg]it are motiv$ only by ! disjunctive int]rog43 x might h run #8utrum dicamus1 ,cornelius reus e/1' or only #8,corn4 quod legit 444 reus e/4' ,! inf9ita quae/io1 on ! o!r h&1 appe>s z 9 ! above example 9 ! =m ( a "q1 & ?is =m ! writ] adh]es to 9 ! two foll[+ f9itae & inf9itae quae/iones4 ,! f9ita quae/io re/s on ! g5]alis quae/io3 acquittal ( ! *>ge 7"h laesa maie/as7 dep5ds on ! answ] to violeturne1 c4 ,9 a ^w1 x is z if ,qu9tilian _h writt5 7z at iii4 #e4 #aj7 ,cornelius quod codicem legit1 reus e/3 nonne hoc qua]itur3 violeturne1 c4 #ad4 dum adulescit pr(ectus1 ,b ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,ball43 inv5tus ,hb ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc3 ,bonnell's conj4 inv5is appe>s 9 ,dorv4 ,bursian & ,jeep conj4 dum adul4 pr(ectui sunt util4 quia inv5tionem1 ,halm3 quae inv5tionem all codd4 ,qy4 quod8 #af4 mat]ia fu]it4 ,mei/] sugge/s erit3 p]haps r fu]it--necesse erit4 #ag4 assuesc]e ,zumpt3 assuefi]i ,phil&]4 ,all ,,mss4 h assuefac]e4 ,frots*] wrote inanibus se simulacris 444 assuefac]e1 & 0 foll[$ by ,halm4 ,mo/ ,,mss4 also 7,b ,ioan4 ,ball4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 #aafga7 give difficilis digressus3 b 9 view ( ! cons5sus = assuefac]e ! alt]nation difficilius digressos 7,h ,bodl4 ,dorv4 ,h>l4 #diej ,burn4 #bdc7 is wor? consid]+3 inanibus simulacris w\ld !n g 7?\gh awkw>dly7 ) det9]i 7= ! rhy?m cp4 x4 #b4 #a71 & ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce makes excell5t s5se4 #ah4 transf]r5tur ,n ,dorv4 ,ball4 ,h>l4 #bffb4 #bj4 decretoriis ,h>l4 #diie1 probably f a correction 9 ,vall43 ,voss4 #b & ,go?4 7,spald47 d]ectoriis ,,bj ,ball4 ,dorv4 ,burn4 #bdd3 detectoris b3 delectoris ,h3 delectoriis ,bodl43 de rhetoriis ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 #aafga3 vel rhetoricis ,m4 satis s mo/ codd4 ,b ,bodl4 ,dorv4 ,burn4 #bdc litis3 ,hb sitis4 #ba4 idoneus b,h,m3 si idoneus ,bn ,bg ,sal43 sudoneus ,n3 is idoneus ,halm4 #bb4 su/9]e ,halm & ,mei/]3 su/9]i ,bn ,bg ,,hn ,sal4 recidet occurs 9 ,dorv41 & is report$ by ,be*] z a correction 9 ,vall43 all o!r codd4 recid]e4 #bc4 dilig5t] effecta all codd4 ,regius propos$ una dilig5t] effecta1 ,badius una enim dilig5t] effecta1 & s _m edd4 ,una w\ld come 9 well be=e quam2 b ,be*] rightly holds t x is unnecess>y1 ! opposition be+ n quantitative alone1 b qualitative z well4 ,he reports una enim z a correction 9 ! ,vall5sis4 quidque4 ,fleckeis5 propos$ quicquid2 see ,madvig on de ,f94 v4 #bd4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #a4 vacui nec otium patitur4 ,! read+ 9 ! text1 :i* is q satisfactory1 occurs 9 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 & ,dorv4 ,bn & ,bg give vacuum otium pat41 & are foll[$ by ,n ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga4 ,= otium patitur b 7foll[$ by ,,hft7 gives ! rem>kable read+ exp]i5tium 7exp]i5tiam ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl471 :i* rem9ds "o ( ! confusion at ! op5+ ( *4 v3 may ! true read+ p]haps be nec p>antibus otium patitur8 ,jeep sugge/$ expetit otium3 nec p]ire otium patitur has also be5 sugge/$4 #bag #b4 desit4 ,aft] ?is ^w !re is a consid]able space left blank 9 ,bn & ,bg1 z well z 9 "s lat] ,,mss41 e4g4 ,h>l4 #bffb & #aafga4 ,9 ,h>l4 #diie !re is no blank1 b 9 ! m>g9 ! words #8hic deficit antiquus codex4' inha]et 444 quod laxatur3 a lat] h& 9 ,vall41 ,mei/]1 & ,krg]4 ,,bmn give inha]et 444 quae laxatur1 :i* appe>s 9 ed4 ,camp4 7& ,halm7 z inha]5t 444 quae laxantur4 #d4 t&em ,madvig1 ,em5d4 ,liv4 p4 #fa1 tam5 libri4 #e4 r$ire4 ,i f9d ?is read+ 9 ,bg ,ioan4 ,c ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie1 #dhbi1 & re/ore x to ! text1 9 place ( regr$i 7,halm & ,mei/]71 :i* seems to h aris5 out ( r$i ,,hf1 & occurs 9 ,h>l4 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdc1 #bdd1 & ,dorv4 #f4 domo ,h>l4 #diie3 dom ,b ,ioan4 ,,mn ,sal4 #g4 utrimque ,bonnell & ,mei/]4 ,! codd4 give utrumque4 ,gesn] 7foll[$ by ,halm3 cp4 i4 #aca7 propos$ utcumque3 ,spald+ utique3 ,jeep si tutius utcumque qua]5dum e/ 7cp4 iv4 #a4 #ba71 f\nd+ on ! read+ ( b /rict 99 99 99 7m>g9e adcisa71 :i* reappe>s 9 ,,hft 7/rictius--/rutius74 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 #a4 praemium quoddam ,h>l4 #diie1 probably foll[+ a correction 9 ! ,vall5sis3 primus quid amplius ,bn ,bg ,ioan4 ,sal4 ,,hftm ,h>l4 #bffb1 #diej4 ,amplissimum ,/o]4 intr>e portum ,bn ,bg ,h ,ioan4 ,n ,sal4 & mo/ ,,mss4 ,halm adopts ,meis]'s conj4 in/> portus4 ,on ?is read+ ! advocate :o has no?+ b 7solam7 ! scrib5di facultas1 & :o !re=e is f\nd want+ at a crisis1 is comp>$ to a h>b\r :i* seems to promise a refuge to e %ip at sea1 b :i* really 7ow+ to rocks & s&-banks7 c af=d protection only :5 ! sea is calm1 & s n praes5tissimis quibusque p]iculis4 ,nei!r ( ! two ju/ifies ! expectations =m$4 ,b x mu/ be admitt$ t ! comp>ison ( a man to a h>b\r is awkw>d4 ,o!r sugge/ions are mon/r>e portum3 in/aur>e p43 & 9 t]ra portum 787 ,jeep4 #b4 /atimque4 ,i foll[ ,krg] 7#crd ed47 9 ! punctuation3 see ad loc4 ,! editors pr9t /atimque1 si non succ4 #c4 quae v]o patitur1 c4 ,9 ! text possit 7= sit ( ,,mss47 is due to ,frots*]1 omitt]e 7= mitt]e7 to ,bonnell4 ,ratio 7= oratio ,bn ,bg ,h ,ioan4 ,m7 occurs 9 ,h>l4 #diie4 ,krg] 7#crd ed471 foll[+ ,g]tz1 reads quae v]o patitur hoc ratio ut quisquam sit orator aliqu&o8 mitto casus3 quid1 c4 ,aliqu&o he takes z #8only sometimes1' #8n always' 7i4e4 tum demum cum se praep>>e potu]it74 ,= mitto casus 7#8praet]itio'7 he comp>es v4 #aj4 #ib3 xi4 #b4 #be4 #e4 quid secundum ac de9ceps3 s ,h>l4 #diie4 ,! ,,mss4 cle>ly po9t to ?is read+1 ?\gh ,halm & ,mei/] pr9t ac sec4 et de9c4 ,bn & ,bg 7z also ,n ,ioan4 & ,sal47 h ac sec4 ac de943 b 9 ,bg above ! fir/ ac ! lett] d appe>s 7evid5tly = quid1 n ad z ,h71 & ov] ! second ac1 et is writt51 & is adopt$ by ,,hftm4 ,9 place ( ! fir/ ac ,h>l4 #bffb gives atque1 & s ,spald+ reports ,guelf4 7) :i* #bffb is frequ5tly 9 agreem5t74 ,! ,c>casson5sis also has quid secundum4 #f4 via dicet ducetur1 b,h,f,m ,h>l4 #diej ,burn4 #bdd3 ducet ducetur ,bn ,bg ,ioan4 ,sal4 ,dorv4 ,h>l4 #diie %[s ! v>iant viam discet 7z ,go?4 ,voss4 #b ,vall47 ,mei/]1 foll[+ ,eussn]1 inv]ts ! words1 read+ ducetur1 dicet to avoid a #8tautology'3 cp4 iii4 #g4 #ae3 ix4 #d4 #abj4 ,bonnet *ang$ ducetur into utetur4 ,kid]l9 _c believe t ,qu9tilian wrote ducetur 444 velut duce1 & sugge/s t c]ta may h fall5 #bah out aft] s]ie 7,rhe94 ,mus4 #df1 p4 #bd74 ,?is gives1 he ?9ks1 additional po9t to ! clause introduc$ by propt] quod3 m5 :o h _h b little practice d n always speak me?odically 7via71 b 9 tell+ /ories !y h no difficulty 9 keep+ to ! ?read ( _! disc\rse1 because ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts is #8a tru/y guide4' #h4 paulum1 ,,bm ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,dorv43 paululum b,h,n ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl4 s$ ipsum os coit atque concurrit1 ,halm1 by add+ os to ! read+ ( ,b 7,h>l4 #bffb1 #diie74 s$ ipsum os quoque concurrit1 ,spald+ aft] ,gesn]4 ,9 ,ioan4 ,i f9d s$ id ipsum coit atque conc41 :i* may %[ t we ought to read os ipsum4 elocutioni1 b3 om4 ,b 7also ,n ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb ,sal47 #8haud scio an recte1' ,halm4 #i4 obs]vatione una1 ,h>l4 #diie ,m ,dorv4 & ,mei/]3 obs]vation5 7-n ,bg7 9 luna ,bn ,bg ,ioan4 ,n ,sal4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 #aafga3 obs]vatione 7-um ,h7 9 una b,h3 obs]vatione simul ,halm4 #ac4 sup]flu]e video1 cum eo quod1 ,h>l4 #diie1 ,voss4 #b ,go?4 ,spald4 & mo/ edd43 sup]flu]e video3 quodsi ,halm1 & a lat] h& 9 ,vall4 7,be*]73 videmus sup]flu]e3 cum eo quodsi ,mei/]1 foll[$ by ,hild & ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,! commone/ ,,ms4 read+ is sup]flu]e cum eo quod 7,,bhftn ,sal4 ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdc1 ,bodl41 ,dorv471 f :i* video seems to h disappe>$3 ! lat] h& 9 ,bg gives videantur4 ,mei/] seems to be "r 9 reta9+ cum eo quod1 ?\gh 8 adoption ( videmus = video is unnecess>y1 consid]+ mirabor 9 ! same s5t5ce4 ,cum eo quod 7see ad loc47 is def5d$ by ,gn!r 7de ,conj4 ,caus4 apud ,qu9t4 usu3 ,halle1 #ahha1 p4 #bd73 he holds t x is m probable t video dropp$ out ( ! text ?an t x #89 illo corrupto cumeo latet' 7,halm74 ,be*] 7,phil4 ,runds4 ,i1 n4 #ea3 #afch7 d5i$ t #8cum eo quod' c\ld mean #8mit d] ,e9s*rnkung dass1' ei!r 9 ,cic4 ad ,att4 vi4 #a4 #g or any:]e 9 ,qu9tilian4 ,he f\nd ! necess>y limitation 9 quodsi 7#8w5n dageg5'3 ,cic4 ad ,fam4 xii4 #bj7 & support$ ,halm's read+ 7:i* is also t ( ,p>4 #b4 sec4 m471 expla9+ ! :ole passage z foll[s3 #8,i* b9 ke9 ,freund des extempori]t5 ,vortrages3 w5n ab] ,gei/ und ,wrme beleb5d wirkt1 trifft es si* (t1 dass d] grs/e ,fleiss ni*t d5 ,erfolg e9es extempori]t5 ,vortrages errei*5 kann4' ,b 9 8 late/ pap] 7,programm des ,gymnasiums zu ,auri*7 he advocates ! read+ & explanation adopt$ 9 ! text4 #ad4 ut ,cic]o dictitabant4 ,! read+ is f> f c]ta91 b x seems be/ to adh]e 7) ,halm7 to ! olde/ ,,ms41 ,bn1 :i* is 9 agreem5t ) ,n ,sal4 ,ioan41 ,h>l4 #bffb1 #aafga1 & ,dorv4 ,! be/ alt]native is ut ,cic]o dicit aiebant 7,c1 ,p>4 #a1 also 9 m>g9 ( ,h>l4 #diej3 ,bonnell-,mei/]73 b ,h ,bodl4 & ,burn4 #bdc give dicit agebant1 :i* %[s t ! old] codex f :i* b is d]iv$ probably _h ?is read+1 if inde$ x is n a mi/ake = dictitabant4 ,bg gives dictabant3 ,h>l4 #diie ,go?4 ,voss4 #b1 ,p>4 #b1 sec4 m4 aiebant3 ,regius conjectur$ ut ,cic]o ait dictitabant3 s ed4 ,camp1 & ,mei/]1 cp4 xii4 #c4 #aa4 ,= ! inclusion ( ,cic]o among ! vet]es cp4 ix4 #c4 #a #8ut omnes vet]es et ,cic]o praecipue4' #af4 tum int5d5dus4 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 brackets tum 7:i* is omitt$ 9 b,h,m7 on ! gr\nd t ?is s5t5ce does n conta91 l ! next 7addit ad dic5dum 4447 a new ?\ght1 b r 7aft] ! p>5!ses pectus e/ enim 444 m5tis1 & ideoque imp]itis 444 non desunt7 =ms only a fur!r developm5t ( :at w5t be=e 7omniaque de quibus dicturi erimus1 p]sonae 444 recipi5da73 h5ce also ! repetition ( p>ticiples1 hab5da 444 recipi5da 444 int5d5dus4 ,h4 #bffb gives tam5 7& is "h aga9 9 agreem5t ) ,guelf474 addit ad dic5dum1 ,b3 addisc5dum 7om4 addit7 b,h,f,t4 ,! loss ( addit seems to h giv5 rise to int]polation3 ,m %[s addit ad disc5dum /imulos habet et dic5dorum expectata laus4 ,bonnell pr9ts ,ad dic4 etiam pudor /im4 habet et dic4 exp4 aus3 s ,vall4 ,= ! g]und us$ z sub/4 cp4 pud5da xi4 #a4 #hd3 i4 #h4 #ba3 praef&a #bai viii4 #c4 #de3 desuesc5dis iii4 #h4 #gj & xii4 #i4 #ag num ex tempore dic5dis ins]i possit4 #ag4 pretium1 all codd43 praemium ,halm1 foll[+ ,regius4 #ah4 praecepimus1 edd4 vett1 occurs 9 ,h>l4 #diie & ,vall4#b3 o!r codd4 praecipimus4 #ai4 cum 444 s9t consecuti b,h,m3 cum 444 sunt consecuti ,bn ,bg ,n4 ,i _c foll[ ,be*] 9 adopt+ ! indicative "h1 z at #b #f 7tradid]unt71 :]e see note4 ,"h cum is m or less causal3 !re x is anti!tical4 ,9 po9t ( =m ! two s5t5ces are no d\bt v mu* alike4 ,"h ! mean+ seems to be #8he :o wi%es to acquire extemporalis facilitas mu/ consid] x 8 duty to arrive at ! po9t :]e4441 see+ t _m1' c4 ,g]tz put a full /op at tutior1 & = cum read qu91 hold+ t1 on ! traditional read+ 7i4e4 ) extemporalis facilitas z subject71 pote/ w\ld be expect$ in/ead ( debet4 ,?is sugge/ion is adopt$ 9 ,krg]'s ?ird edition4 ,h4 ,j4 ,mll] sugge/$ ,nam 444 sunt consecuti4 #bj4 tanta esse umquam debet4 ,?is conj4 ( ,h]zog ,i f9d 9 ! cod4 ,dorv41 & receive x into ! text2 ,halm & ,krg] adopt ,jeep's tanta sit umquam4 ,bn ,bg ,n ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #bffb give tanta esse umquam fiducia3 ,m has tantam esse umquam fiduciam3 ,vall4 esse unquam tantam fid43 ,h>l4 #diie esse tantam unquam4 ,regius made ! addition ( velim aft] facilitatis3 ,be*] ?9ks x may h dropp$ out be=e ut non4 ,mei/] foll[s3 p]haps r tantam velim 7tm7 esse unquam4 #bb4 consequi1 ,spald43 non sequi b,h3 sequi ,,mc ,h>l4 #diie1 #diej3 om4 ,bn1 ,bg1 ,n ,sal4 ,ioan4 ,h>l4 #dhbi4 ,be*] w\ld omit x1 expla9+ utrumque non dabitur z #8vim omnem et rebus et v]bis int5d]e4' #bc4 satis ,krg] 7#crd ed47 brackets1 consid]+ x to be ! result ( a dittography1 & comp>+ :at foll[s de9de 444 aptabimus vela et disponemus rud5tes4 ,x seems h[ev] q g5u9e4 #bd4 non labitur4 ,p]haps ! mo/ t c be said = ?is read+ 7:i* is t ( ,spald+1 foll[+ e>li] edd47 is t x is und\bt$ly bett] ?an non capitur1 :i* occurs 9 ,bn ,bg ,h ,ioan4 ,m & mo/ codd41 & is adopt$ by ,halm & ,mei/]4 ,capitur is expla9$ 9 ! ,bonnell-,mei/] ed4 by ref]5ce to su* phrases z #8alt]o oculo capi' & #8m5s capta' alongside ( #8m5te captus' 9 ,livy3 x is n #8lam$' or #8weak5$4' ,?is c h>dly /&4 ,ano!r read+ is rapitur1 :i* ,halm ?\ght might be "r3 b ! notion ( #8snat*+ away' seems too viol5t = ! context1 ?\gh appropriate en\gh 9 ! passages quot$ 9 support1 vi4 pr4 #d a c]tissimis rapta fatis1 & ,hor4 ,c>4 iv4 #g4 #h quae rapit hora diem4 ,hild sugge/s animo 7or m5te7 non labitur3 ,jeep non c>pitur 7cp4 ,s54 ,nat4 ,quae/4 #b4 #ac totum pote/ excid]e quod pote/ c>pi73 ,be*] non abit 7cp4 ix4 #d4 #ad abi]it omnis vis1 iucunditas1 decor74 ,! passage invites em5dation3 non cadit might /& alongside ( ,be*]'s non abit1 or su* a future z s]vabitur or ret9ebitur c\ld take ! place ( ! negation1 ?\gh we %\ld !n look = dep]det in/ead ( dep]dit4 non omn9o ,b & codd43 omn9o non ,gesn]1 foll[$ by ,halm4 #be4 e/ alia ex]citatio1 ,h>l4 #bffb 7,guelf471 #diie1 #diej1 #dhbi1 #aafga1 ,burn4 #bdd1 ,m1 ,c1 & s ,krg] 7#crd ed473 e/ illa ,,bh ,bodl4 ,burn4 #bdc ,dorv43 e/ et illa ,spald+ ,halm & ,mei/] 7cp4 ix4 #c4 #ce e/ et illud repet5di g5us1 quod44474 utilior 7,halm & ,mei/]1 foll[+ ,spald+ & #8edd4 vett4'7 ,vall4#b1 ,h>l4 #diie3 all o!r codd4 utilitatis 7,halm3 #8ex utilis magis874 ,9 support ( 8 proposal to read maioris utilitatis1 ,kid]l9 7,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 #bd1 p4 #ij7 comp>es ii4 #d4 #bj quod non simplicis utilitatis opus e/3 & xi4 #a4 #fj quod e/ sane summae difficultatis4 #bf4 quam illa3 s all codd4 ,g]tz quam 9 illa 7sc4 ex]citatione71 & s ,mei/]4 ,?is is oppos$ by ,be*] 7,bursian's ,jahresb4 #ahhg1 p4 #di71 #8,zu componitur #bbj i/ ,subjekt ex]citatio cogit&i totasque m4 vel sil5tio 7dum tam5 444 ipsum7 p]sequ5di1 d4h4 dem ,s9ne na* tacita oratio1 wie dum t4 q4 dicat i4 s4 i4 zeigt1 zu illa i/ ,subjekt v]a oratio2 componitur oratio ab] i/ ni*t auffllig] als explicatur ex]citatio4' #bg4 ut ,cic]o 444 tradit4 ,krg] 7#crd ed47 foll[s ,g]tz 9 transf]r+ ?is p>5!sis to ! end ( ! previ\s s5t5ce1 aft] ubique4 ,be*] rejects x z a gloss4 aut leg5dum b ,m3 om4 ,,bn ,sal43 vel ad leg5dum ,vall4 ,be*] w\ld omit x1 on ! gr\nd t ! :ole *apt] is conc]n$ only ) writ+ & spee*1 & ev5 ) writ+ only s f> z x promotes ! #8facultas ex tempore dic5di4' #bh4 innatans ,/o]3 unatrans ,,bn ,ioan4 ,sal43 inatrans b,h3 iura trans ,h>l4 #bffb3 intrans ,,fm ,vall4#b4 #bi4 an si1 ,mei/] 7foll[+ ed4 ,camp473 ac si b,h,f,t ,burn4 #bdc3 an ,bn ,bg ,m4 deb5t1 all codd43 debemus ,krg] 7#crd ed47 aft] ,g]tz4 ,ei!r seems q appropriate to ! conditional use ( ! p>ticiple3 #8:5 m5 are deb>r$ f bo?1 !y ought all ! same1' c4 sic dic]e4 ,! gr\nds on :i* ,i base ?is em5dation are /at$ 9 ! note ad loc4 ,bn ,bg ,,hn & mo/ codd4 h inic]e1 :i* looks z if "s copyi/ _h /umbl$ ov] ! repetition ( ! lett]s -ic 9 :at ,i take to be ! orig9al text1 :]eupon ! prec$+ tam5 7or tam7 w\ld assi/ ! transition to 9ic]e4 ,cp4 ! omission ( sic 9 mo/ codd4 9 ut sic dix]im #b #ae4 ,halm 7aft] ,bursian7 wrote id effic]e1 & s ,mei/]4 ,o!r attempt$ em5dations are v9c]e ,m1 ,h>l4 #diej1 ,burn4 #bdd ,vall4#b3 tantum iniic]e ,h>l4 #diie3 inniti or adniti edd43 id ag]e ,badius3 ev9c]e ,trnebladh4 #cb4 et 9 83 9 8 ,halm & ,mei/]3 ne 9 8 ,,bn ,ioan4 ,,hmc ,dorv4 ,bodl43 ne 9 iis ,h>l4 #bffb3 vel 9 iis ,spald43 vel 9 8 ,bonnell & ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,i v5ture on et1 :i* seems to help ! anti!sis ) 9 hoc g5]e above3 v4 ad loc4 velut summas 444 conf]re4 ,s ,bonnell 7,lex4 p4 #aci7 ,halm1 ,mei/]1 ,krg] 7#crd ed474 ,! ,,mss4 v>y greatly3 vel 9 summas 9 7s9e b,h3 sive ,h>l4 #diie7 comm5t>ium ,bn ,bg ,dorv4 ,bodl4 ,h>l #bffb3 vel9 summas et 7suprascr4 97 comm5t>ium ,n3 vel ins9uamus s9e comm5d>ios ,m3 comm5t>ioram et capita ,h>l4 #diej4 ,o!r conjectural em5dations are velut 9 summas comm5t>ium ,spald43 mihi quae scr4 velut 9 comm5t>ium summas et c4 conf4 ,zumpt3 nec 9 8 quae scrips4 velim summas 9 comm5t>ium et capita conf]ri ,frots*]2 vel 9 8 quae scrips4 r]um summas 7cp4 ,liv4 xl4 #bi4 #aa lectis r]um summis7 9 comm5t>ios conf]re ,jeep3 ex iis quae scrips4 res summas 9 comm5t>ium et capita conf]re1 ,zambaldi1--7on ! gr\nd t ) conf]re1 ex 8 gives a bett] s5se ?an 9 874 ,to ^! may p]haps be add$ et 9 8 quae scrips4 velut summas 9 comm5t>iorum capita conf]re4 ,9 ! ,bltt] f4 d4 bay]4 ,gymn4 7#ahhh7 #bd1 pp4 #ij-ia ,kid]l9 discusses ! :ole passage4 ,keep+ to ! read+ ( ! olde/ ,,mss4 7ne 9 87 he proposes ne 9 8 quae scrips]imus erremus3 #8damit wir ni* bei dem ,vortrage dess51 0 wir ges*rieb5 hab51 d5 ,fad5 v]li]5'3 cp4 ! use ( err>e xi4 #b4 #bj & #cf4 ,he rejects ! v>i\s conjectures sugge/$ above = vel 9 summas on ! gr\nd t x is impossible to expla9 #8summas 9 comm5t>ium et capita conf]re4' ,:at is ! mean+ ( #8ent]+ ! *ief po9ts 9 a note-book & heads' 7#8d5 ,haupt9halt 9 e9 ,g$5kbu* und e9zelne ,hauptabs*nitte e9zutrag5'--,bonnell-,mei/]78 ,c ! note-book & ! #8heads' be conjo9$ 9 ?is way8 ,y c make an entry 9 y\r notes1 b n 9 #8capita'3 #89 e9 ,g$5kbu* kann man e9trag51 9 ,hauptabs*nitte ab] ni*t4' ,baur's v]sion is exclud$ by ! ord] ( words3 #8d5 ,haupt9halt und die e9zeln5 ,punkte 9 e9 ,g$5kbu* e9trag54' ,l9dn]'s is ev5 less satisfactory3 #bba #8wel*] zufolge man au* von dem1 0 man ges*rieb5 hat1 d5 ,haupt9halt na* gewiss5 ,hauptabs*nitt5 e9trag5 soll4' ,kid]l9 ?9ks ! context %[s t ! ess5ce ( ,la5as's advice 0 to ent] ! *ief po9ts 9 a memor&um4 ,?is dem&s ! elim9ation ( ! unmean+ et :i* wrongly conjo9s comm5t>ium & capita4 ,aga9 z summa & caput are synonyms = #8,hauptpunkt' 7cp4 iii4 #aa4 #bg & vi4 #a4 #b7 "o ( ! two may v well be a gloss3 & ! vel 9 vel 9 summas seems to %[ t ^! words 7 orig9ally a m>g9al gloss to expla9 797 capita4 ,kid]l9 !re=e proposes to trans=m ! text z foll[s3 ne 9 8 quae scrips]imus erremus vel 9 summas 9 comm5t>ium capita conf]re4 quod non simus1 ,regius1 ,frots*]1 ,be*]1 ,mei/]1 ,krg] 7#crd ed473 quod simus ,bn ,bg ,ioan4 ,m ,dorv43 & s ,halm3 non simus b,h,t ,bodl4 ,9 explanation ( quod simus ,spald+ says #8ubi satis fid]e possumus memoriae ne scrib5dum quidem esse c5seo'2 & s ,pr(4 ,mayor 7,analysis1 p4 #ef71 #8,we are ev5 hamp]$ by writ+ out at all :at we int5d to commit to memory3 b\nd d[n to ! writt5 words1 we are clos$ aga9/ sudd5 inspirations4' hic quoque1 ,bn ,bg & mo/ codd43 hoc quoque ,h>l4 #diie3 id quoque b,h,m4 #bbc ,,index ,,( ,,names4 7,! ref]5ces are to *apt]s & sections47 ,a*illes1 i4 #dg1 #ej1 #fe4 ,aelius 7,lucius7 ,/ilo1 i4 #ii4 ,aes*9es1 i4 #bb1 #gg4 ,aes*ylus1 i4 #ff4 ,afranius1 i4 #ajj4 ,alcaeus1 i4 #fc4 ,antima*us1 i4 #ec4 ,antipat] ,sidonius1 vii4 #ai4 ,apollonius1 i4 #ed4 ,aratus1 i4 #ee4 ,ar*ias1 ,aul4 ,lic9ius1 vii4 #ai4 ,ar*ilo*us1 i4 #ei4 ,ari/>*us1 i4 #ed1 #ei4 ,ari/ophanes1 i4 #ff4 ,ari/ophanes ( ,byzantium1 i4 #ed4 ,ari/otle1 i4 #hc4 ,as9ius ,pollio1 i4 #bb1 #bd1 #aac3 ii4 #ag1 #be4 ,aspr5as1 ,c4 ,nonius1 i4 #bb4 ,attici--,attic ,orators1 i4 #gf-hj3 cp4 ii4 #ag2 i4 #aae4 ,attius 7,accius71 i4 #ig4 ,aufidia1 i4 #bb4 ,aufidius ,bassus1 i4 #ajc4 ,bibaculus1 ,m4 ,furius1 i4 #if4 ,brutus1 ,m4 ,iunius1 i4 #abc1 #bc3 v4 #bj3 vii4 #bg4 ,caecilius ,/atius1 i4 #ii4 ,caelius1 ,m4 ,rufus1 i4 #aae3 ii4 #be4 ,caes>1 ,c4 ,iulius1 i4 #aad3 ii4 #be4 ,caesius ,bassus1 i4 #if4 ,calidius ,m41 i4 #bc4 ,callima*us1 i4 #eh4 ,calvus1 i1 #aae3 ii4 #be4 ,c>bo1 vii4 #bg4 ,cassius ,sev]us1 i4 #bb1 #aaf4 ,catius1 i4 #abd4 ,cato1 v4 #ac4 ,catullus1 i4 #if4 ,ce/ius1 v4 #bj4 ,*>isius1 i4 #gj4 ,cic]o1 i4 #cc1 #dj1 #hj1 #ha1 #aje-aab1 #abc3 ii4 #ah3 iii4 #a3 v4 #b1 #aa1 #af3 vii4 #ai1 #bg1 #cj4 ,c9na1 ,c4 ,helvius1 iv4 #d4 ,clit>*us1 i4 #ge4 ,clodius1 v4 #ac4 ,cornelius1 ,c41 v4 #ac4 ,cornelius ,celsus1 i4 #bc1 #abd4 ,cornelius ,gallus1 i4 #ic4 ,cornelius ,sev]us1 i4 #hi4 ,crassus1 iii4 #a3 v4 #b4 ,crat9us1 i4 #fc4 ,cremutius1 i4 #ajd4 ,crispus1 i4 #bc4 ,demetrius ( ,phal]um1 i4 #cc1 #hj4 ,demo/h5es1 i4 #bb1 #bd1 #ci1 #gf1 #aje3 ii4 #bd3 iii4 #be1 #cj4 ,domitian1 i4 #ia4 ,domitius ,af]1 i4 #bc1 #hf1 #aah4 ,empylus ,rhodius1 vi4 #d4 ,ennius1 i4 #hh4 ,ephorus1 i4 #ge4 ,epicurus1 ii4 #ae3 cp4 i4 #abd4 ,euphorion1 i4 #ef4 ,eupolis1 i4 #fe4 ,euripides1 i4 #fg4 ,gallus 7,cornelius71 i4 #ic4 ,helvius 7,c4 ,c9na71 iv4 #d4 ,h]cules1 i4 #ef4 ,h]odotus1 i4 #gc1 #aja4 ,hesiod1 i4 #eb4 ,hipponax1 see on i4 #ei4 ,hom]1 i4 #bd1 #dh sqq41 #eg1 #fb1 #ha1 #he4 ,horace1 i4 #bd1 #ef1 #fa1 #id1 #if4 ,hort5sius1 v4 #ac3 vi4 #d3 cp4 i4 #bc4 ,hyp]ides1 i4 #gg3 v4 #b4 ,isocrates1 i4 #gi1 #ajh3 iv4 #d4 ,iulius ,africanus1 i4 #aah4 ,iulius ,florus1 iii4 #ac4 ,iulius ,secundus1 i4 #abj3 iii4 #ab4 ,laelius1 ,decimus1 i4 #bc4 ,la5as ,popilius1 vii4 #cb4 ,lig>ius1 i4 #bc4 ,livius ,&ronicus1 ii4 #g4 ,livy1 i4 #cb1 #ci1 #aja4 ,lucan1 i4 #ij4 ,lucilius1 i4 #ic sqq4 ,lucretius1 i4 #hg4 ,lysias1 i4 #gh4 ,mac]1 i4 #ef1 #hg4 ,m>cellus1 i4 #ch4 ,m>cia1 v4 #ac4 ,m5&]1 i4 #fi sqq4 ,messalla1 i4 #bb1 #bd1 #aac3 v4 #b4 ,metrodorus ,scepsius1 vi4 #d4 ,milo1 i4 #bc3 vii4 #ac1 #bj4 ,m9]va1 i4 #ia4 ,nic&]1 i4 #ef4 ,ovid1 i4 #hh1 #ic1 #ih4 ,pacuvius1 i4 #ig4 ,panyasis1 i4 #ed4 ,patroclus1 i4 #di4 ,p$o ,alb9ovanus1 i4 #ij4 ,p]icles1 i4 #hb4 ,p]sius1 i4 #id3 iii4 #ba4 ,philemon1 i4 #gb4 ,philetas1 i4 #ej4 #bbd ,phili/us1 i4 #gd4 ,phryne1 v4 #b4 ,p9d>1 i4 #aji4 ,pis&ros1 i4 #ef4 ,plato1 i4 #ha4 ,plautus1 i4 #ii4 ,plautus 7,/oicus71 i4 #abd4 ,pomponius ,secundus1 i4 #ih4 ,porcius ,latro1 v4 #ah4 ,priam1 i4 #ej4 ,prop]tius1 i4 #ic4 ,qu9tilian3 ,life1 ,introd4 pp4 i-xiii4 ,! ,in/itutio ,oratorio1 pp4 xiii-xxii4 ,lit]>y ,criticism1 pp4 xxii-xxxix4 ,/yle & ,language1 pp4 xxxix-lvii4 ,manuscripts1 pp4 lviii-lxxv4 ,rabirius1 i4 #ij4 ,saleius ,bassus1 i4 #ij4 ,sallu/1 i4 #ca1 #aja1 #ajb3 ii4 #ag3 iii4 #h4 ,scipio1 i4 #ii4 ,s5eca1 i4 #abe-aca4 ,introd4 p4 xxiv4 sqq4 ,s]ranus1 i4 #hi4 ,s]vilius ,nonianus1 i4 #aja4 ,sextii 7fa!r & son71 i4 #abd4 ,simonides1 i4 #fd4 ,simonides ( ,amorgos1 see on i4 #ei4 ,sophocles1 i4 #fg sqq4 ,/esi*orus1 i4 #fb4 ,sulpicius1 i4 #bb1 #aaf3 v4 #d3 vii4 #cj4 ,t]5ce1 i4 #ii4 ,!ocritus1 i4 #ee4 ,!ophra/us1 i4 #bg1 #hc4 ,!opompus1 i4 #gd4 ,?ucydides1 i4 #cc1 #gc1 #aja3 ii4 #ag4 ,?ye/es1 i4 #ih4 ,tibullus1 i4 #ic4 ,timag5es1 i4 #ge4 ,tiro1 vii4 #ca4 ,tra*alus1 i4 #aai4 ,tub]o1 i4 #bc4 ,tyrtaeus1 i4 #ef4 ,val]ius ,flaccus1 i4 #ij4 ,v>ius1 i4 #ih3 iii4 #h4 ,v>ro 7,m4 ,t]5tius71 i4 #ie4 ,v>ro ,atac9us1 i4 #hg4 ,v]gil1 i4 #ef1 #he3 iii4 #h4 ,v]res1 i4 #bc4 ,vibius ,crispus1 i4 #aai4 ,volus5us ,catulus1 i4 #bc4 ,x5ophon1 i4 #cc1 #hb3 v4 #b4 #bbe ,,index ,,( ,,matt]s4 7,! fir/ ref]5ce is to ! *apt] & section ( ! text2 ! second to ! page & column ( ! explanatory notes4 ,ref]5ces to ! ,introduction are giv5 sep>ately47 ,! above p>agraph 0 9 ! orig9al text4 ,= ?is e-text1 only ! section numb]s are l9k$2 sections are g5]ally v %ort1 & notes adjo9 ! text4 abruptus1 ii4 #ai3 #aca;b4 abunde1 i4 #id3 #ia;a4 abusio1 i4 #ab3 #ba;b4 acc$]e1 i4 #hf3 #hc;a4 actio1 i4 #ag3 #bd;b4 actus rei1 i4 #ca3 #ce;a4 acutus1 i4 #gg3 #gc;b4 acum51 i4 #ajf3 #ajg;b4 adde quod1 ,introd4 p4 liii4 adduc]e frontem1 iii4 #ac3 #adb;a4 adfectus1 i4 #bg3 #ca;b43 & i4 #dh3 #di;a4 adhuc1 ,introd4 pp4 l-li4 ,adjectives1 use (3 ,introd4 p4 xlvi4 sqq4 advocatus1 i4 #aaa3 #aaj;a4 alioqui1 ,introd4 p4 li4 1 vii4 #aa3 #agd;a4 alt]catio1 i4 #ce3 #ci;b4 ambitio1 ,introd4 p4 xliv4 ambitus r]um1 i4 #af3 #bd;a4 amplificationes1 i4 #di3 #ej;b4 ,annales ,pontificum1 ii4 #g3 #abf;a4 ante omnia1 ,introd4 p4 liii4 antiqui1 ii4 #ag3 #acj;b4 argum5ta et signa r]um1 i4 #di3 #ej;b4 artes1 i4 #ae3 #bc;b4 atticus1 i4 #dd3 #de;b4 auctor1 i4 #bd3 #cj;a4 auditorium1 i4 #cf3 #dj;a4 aureum plectrum1 i4 #fc3 #fj;a4 auspicatus1 i4 #he3 #hb;a4 basilica1 v4 #ah3 #afd;b4 beatus1 i4 #fa3 #ei;a4 bellicum can]e1 i4 #cc3 #cf;b4 bona fide1 iii4 #bc3 #adf;b4 calumnia1 i4 #aae3 #aac;b4 calc>ibus eg]e1 i4 #gd3 #gj;a4 c&idus1 i4 #gc3 #fh;a4 c&or1 i4 #aja3 #ajj;b4 c>o1 i4 #gg3 #gc;a4 c]ae1 iii4 #cj3 #adi;a4 c]te scio1 ii4 #e3 #abd;b4 circa1 i4 #eb3 #eb;a4 circulatorius1 i4 #h3 #ah;b4 citra1 i4 #b3 #ab;b4 civilia (ficia1 iii4 #aa3 #adj;a4 classis1 v4 #ah3 #aff;a4 claudic>e1 i4 #ii3 #ig;a4 cogitatio1 vi4 #a3 #afg;a4 color1 i4 #aaf3 #aad;b4 ,com$y1 ,greek1 i4 #fe3 #fa;a4 ,lat91 i4 #ii3 #ig;a4 comm5d>e1 i4 #aja3 #aja;a4 communes loci1 v4 #ab3 #aei;b4 compositio1 i4 #eb3 #eb;b4 & i4 #gi3 #gg;b4 compositus1 i4 #aai3 #aag;a4 conclud]e1 i4 #ajf3 #ajg;a4 conf]re1 i4 #a3 #ab;a4 confirmatio s5t5ti>um1 v4 #ab3 #aei;a4 contorta vis1 vii4 #ad3 #agf;a4 conrogati1 i4 #ah3 #bf;b4 co?urnus 7,sophocli71 i4 #fh3 #fd;a3 & ii4 #bb3 #acc;a4 cultus1 ,introd4 p4 xliv4 cum int]im1 i4 #ah3 #bf;b4 cum praes]tim1 i4 #aje3 #aje;a4 cum eo quod1 vii4 #ac3 #age;a4 decl9ata figura oratio1 v4 #h3 #aeg;a4 decor1 i4 #bg3 #cb;a4 decretoria 7arma71 v4 #bj3 #afe;b4 demum1 ,introd4 p4 li4 d5sus1 i4 #fh;& #gc4 de/ructio s5t5ti>um1 v4 #ab3 #aei;a4 dic5di v5]es1 i4 #gi3 #gf;a4 dic5di ex tempore facultas1 iii4 #b3 vii4 #a1 #e1 #bd4 declamatores1 i4 #ga3 #fe;b4 dict>e1 iii4 #ai3 #add;a4 dig]]e cibum1 i4 #ai3 inord9ata1 iv4 #a3 comm5t>ios1 vii4 #cj4 digressiones1 i4 #cc3 #cf;b4 dilectus1 iii4 #e3 #ach;a4 dis]tus1 i4 #aah3 #aae;b4 ,dramatic ,poetry1 ,greek1 i4 #fe3 ,lat91 i4 #ig4 dubit>e1 i4 #gc3 #fg;a4 duc]e 7colorem71 i4 #ei3 #eg;a4 duc]e opus1 iii4 #ah3 #add;a4 dulcis1 i4 #gc3 #fh;a4 dum non1 iii4 #g3 #ach;b4 #bbf eff]re se1 iii4 #aj3 #adj;a4 elegans1 i4 #fe3 #fb;a4 ,elegy1 ,greek1 i4 #eh3 ,lat91 i4 #ic4 ,epic ,poetry1 ,greek1 i4 #df sqq43 ,lat91 i4 #he sqq4 epilogus1 i4 #ej3 #ea;b3 & i4 #ajg3 #ajh;b4 epodos1 i4 #if3 #id;a4 exactus1 ii4 #ad3 #abh;a4 exempla1 i4 #di3 #ej;b4 exilis1 ii4 #af3 #abi;b4 expositus1 ,introd4 p4 xlv4 extemporalis color1 vi4 #e3 #afh;b4 extemporalis actio1 vii4 #ah3 tem]itas1 vi4 #f4 exult>e1 ii4 #af3 #acj;a4 fac]e 7b5e7 ad aliquid1 i4 #cc3 #ch;a4 facilitas1 i4 #a3 ii4 #ab3 iii4 #g3 vii4 #ai4 fas erat1 v4 #g3 #aeg;a4 favorabilis1 v4 #ba3 #aff;a4 figurae1 i4 #ab3 #bb;a4 ,figures 7milit>y1 c471 ,introd4 pp4 lvi-vii4 =sitan1 ii4 #aj3 #abf;b4 frequ5t]1 i4 #ag3 #be;b4 frugalitas1 iii4 #bf3 #adg;b4 g5]a dic5di1 i4 #dd3 #dd-e4 g5]a lectionum1 i4 #de3 #df;b4 grammatici1 i4 #ec3 #ec;a4 gr&is1 i4 #fe3 #fb;a4 hab]e laudem1 i4 #ec3 #ec;a4 1 i4 #a3 #ab;a4 ,hi/ory1 i4 #ca3 #cd;a2 ,greek1 i4 #gc3 #ff;a2 ,lat91 i4 #aja3 #ajj;a4 hodieque1 i4 #id3 #ia;b4 horride1 ii4 #ag3 #acj;a4 ,iambic ,poetry1 ,greek1 i4 #ei3 #eg;b2 ,lat91 i4 #if4 ideoque1 i4 #ba3 #bh;b4 igitur1 i4 #d3 #ae;a4 index1 i4 #eg3 #ef;b4 indiscretus1 i4 #b3 #ab;a4 infelicitas1 ii4 #h3 #abf;a4 inf9itae que/iones1 iii4 #aa3 #aeh;a4 int]im1 i4 #i3 #ai;b4 inv5tio1 i4 #ajf3 #ajf;b4 ipse1 ,introd4 p4 xlix4 iucundus1 i4 #df3 #dh;a4 lac]ti1 i4 #cc3 #cg;a4 lactea 7ub]tas71 i4 #cb3 #cf;a4 laetus1 i4 #df3 #dh;a4 lascivia 7rec5s haec71 i4 #dc3 #dc;b4 lascivus1 i4 #hh3 #hd;b4 l5e dic5di g5us1 i4 #aba3 #aag;b4 lima1 iv4 #d3 #aeb;a4 loci communes1 v4 #ab3 #aei;b4 lucrativa op]a1 vii4 #bg3 #ahj;b4 ,lyric ,poetry1 ,greek1 i4 #fa3 #eh;b2 ,lat91 i4 #if4 m$ium dic5di g5us1 i4 #eb3 #eb;b2 i4 #hj3 #gh;b4 membranae1 iii4 #ca3 #aej;a4 memoria po/]itatis1 i4 #ca3 #ce;b4 m5surae v]borum1 i4 #aj3 #bj;a4 m]]e1 i4 #gb3 #ff;b4 nam 7elliptical71 i4 #i3 #ai;a4 nescio an ulla1 i4 #fe4 nisi =te1 i4 #gj3 #fe;a4 nitidus1 i4 #i3 #ai;b2 i4 #gi3 #ge;b4 non sit1 ii4 #bg3 #ace;a4 num]i1 i4 #d3 #ae;a2 i4 #gj3 #fe;b4 obiurg>e1 iii4 #bj3 #ade;a4 (f5sator1 iii4 #bj3 #ade;a4 olim1 i4 #ajd3 #ajc;a4 op9io1 v4 #ah3 #afd;a4 opus1 i4 #i3 #ai;b4 ,oratory1 ,greek1 i4 #gf3 ,lat91 i4 #aje4 ,orators1 ,canon ( ! ,t51 i4 #gf3 #ga;a4 o/5tatio1 i4 #bh3 #cb;b4 otiosus1 i4 #gf3 #gb;b4 palae/ra1 i4 #gi3 #gf;a4 p>aphrasis1 v4 #e3 #aee;b4 p>em fac]e1 i4 #aje3 #ajc;b4 p>um 7non71 i4 #abd3 #aai;a4 p$e/ris oratio1 i4 #ha3 #gi;b4 p]iculum1 i4 #cf3 #db;b4 ,philosophy1 i4 #ce3 #ch;b3 ,greek1 i4 #ha3 #gh;b2 ,lat91 i4 #abc3 #aah;a4 1 i4 #db3 #dc;a4 pil>ii1 vii4 #aa3 #agd;b4 ,poetry1 ! /udy (1 i4 #bg sqq4 pontificum annales1 ii4 #g3 #abf;a4 praescriptum1 ii4 #b3 #abc;b4 praes]tim 7cum71 i4 #aje3 #aje;a4 prae/r+]e1 i4 #cj3 #cc;b4 praesum]e1 v4 #d3 #aee;a4 pressus1 i4 #dd3 #dd;b4 proc9ctu 7971 i4 #b3 #ac;a4 pr(ectus1 iii4 #b3 #acf;b4 pr(essor1 v4 #ah3 #afd;a4 propria1 i4 #f3 #af;a4 proprietas1 i4 #df3 #dh;a4 prosa 7oratio71 i4 #ha3 #gi;b4 prot9us1 i4 #c3 #ad;a4 proximus--secundus1 i4 #ec3 #ec;b4 quia1 ,introd4 p4 liv4 quicunque1 i4 #ab3 #bb;a4 quisque1 i4 #b3 #ab;b4 quoque 7etiam71 i4 #bj3 #bh;a2 i4 #abe3 #abj;b4 quotas quisque1 i4 #da3 #db;b4 r>um e/ ut1 vii4 #bd3 #agi;b4 ratio c4 g]und1 iii4 #ca3 #adi;b4 ratio con/at1 ii4 #a3 #abc;a4 ratio 79 scrib5do71 iii4 #ae3 #adc;a4 rectum 7dic5di g5us71 i4 #dd3 #dd;a4 repraes5t>e1 vii4 #b3 #agj;b4 ridiculus1 i4 #aag3 #aae;a4 sales1 i4 #ajg3 #ajh;a4 sanguis1 i4 #fj3 #eh;a4 ,satire1 i4 #ic3 #hi;b4 s5t5tiae1 i4 #ej1 #eb1 #fh1 #ij1 #ajb1 #abi1 #acj3 ii4 #ag3 v4 #d4 signa r]um et argum5ta1 i4 #di3 #ej;b4 silva1 iii4 #ag3 #adc;b4 similitud9es1 i4 #di3 #ej;b4 s9e dubio1 ,introd4 p4 liii4 ,socratici1 i4 #ce3 #ci;b4 solum 7non1 s$71 i4 #f3 #ag;a4 sordidus1 i4 #i3 #ai;b4 spiritus1 i4 #bg3 #ca;b4 /ilus1 i4 #b3 #ab;b2 iii4 #a1 #cb2 vii4 #af4 ,/oici1 i4 #hd3 #ha;b4 subtilis1 i4 #gh3 #gd;a4 summus1 ,introd4 p4 xlvi4 sup9us1 ii4 #ag3 #aca;a4 supplosio p$is1 vii4 #bf3 #ahj;b4 tacitus1 i4 #ai3 #bf;a4 t5uis1 i4 #dd3 #de;a4 t5uitas1 ii4 #bc3 #acc;b4 !ses1 v4 #aa3 #aeh;a4 togatae1 i4 #ajj3 #ii;b4 tori a?let>um1 i4 #cc3 #cg;a4 #bbg ,trag$y1 ,lat91 i4 #ig3 #id;b2 ,greek1 i4 #ff4 transv]sus1 i4 #aaj3 #aaj;a4 1 vii4 #aa3 #agd;a4 1 i4 #aa3 #ba;a4 ubicumque1 ,introd4 p4 liii4 urbanitas1 i4 #aae3 #aab;b4 ut9am non1 i4 #ajj3 #ii;b4 utique3 i4 #bj3 #bh;a4 utrimque1 i4 #aca3 #abb;b4 valetudo1 ,introd4 p4 liv4 validius1 iii4 #ab3 #adj;b4 velocitatem 7,sallu/i71 i4 #ajb3 #aja;a4 v5]es dic5di1 i4 #gi3 #gf;a4 v5tilator1 vii4 #aa3 #agd;b4 v]bum--vox1 i4 #aa3 #ba;a4 v]sificator1 i4 #hi3 #he;b4 vibrantes s5t5tiae1 i4 #fj3 #eh;a4 vis dic5di1 i4 #a3 #aa;b4 voluntas recti g5]is1 i4 #hi3 #hf;b4 vox--v]bum1 i4 #aa3 #ba;a4 #bbc ,,index ,,( ,,names4 7,! ref]5ces are to *apt]s & sections47 ,antipat] ,sidonius1 vii4 #ai4 ,ar*ias1 ,aul4 ,lic9ius1 vii4 #ai4 ,as9ius ,pollio1 ii4 #ag1 #be4 ,attici--,attic ,orators1 ii4 #ag4 ,brutus1 ,m4 ,iunius1 v4 #bj3 vii4 #bg4 ,caelius1 ,m4 ,rufus1 ii4 #be4 ,caes>1 ,c4 ,iulius1 ii4 #be4 ,calvus1 i1 #aae3 ii4 #be4 ,c>bo1 vii4 #bg4 ,cato1 v4 #ac4 ,ce/ius1 v4 #bj4 ,cic]o1 ii4 #ah3 iii4 #a3 v4 #b1 #aa1 #af3 vii4 #ai1 #bg1 #cj4 ,c9na1 ,c4 ,helvius1 iv4 #d4 ,clodius1 v4 #ac4 ,cornelius1 ,c41 v4 #ac4 ,crassus1 iii4 #a3 v4 #b4 ,demo/h5es1 ii4 #bd3 iii4 #be1 #cj4 ,empylus ,rhodius1 vi4 #d4 ,epicurus1 ii4 #aed4 ,helvius 7,c4 ,c9na71 iv4 #d4 ,hort5sius1 v4 #ac3 vi4 #d4 ,hyp]ides1 v4 #b4 ,isocrates1 iv4 #d4 ,iulius ,florus1 iii4 #ac4 ,iulius ,secundus1 iii4 #ab4 ,la5as ,popilius1 vii4 #cb4 ,livius ,&ronicus1 ii4 #g4 ,m>cia1 v4 #ac4 ,messalla1 v4 #b4 ,metrodorus ,scepsius1 vi4 #d4 ,milo1 vii4 #ac1 #bj4 ,p]sius1 iii4 #ba4 #bbd ,phryne1 v4 #b4 ,porcius ,latro1 v4 #ah4 ,sallu/1 ii4 #ag3 iii4 #h4 ,sulpicius1 v4 #d3 vii4 #cj4 ,?ucydides1 ii4 #ag4 ,tiro1 vii4 #ca4 ,v>ius1 iii4 #h4 ,v]gil1 iii4 #h4 ,x5ophon1 v4 #b4 #bbe ,,index ,,( ,,matt]s4 7,! fir/ ref]5ce is to ! *apt] & section ( ! text2 ! second to ! page & column ( ! explanatory notes4 ,ref]5ces to ! ,introduction are giv5 sep>ately47 ,! above p>agraph 0 9 ! orig9al text4 ,= ?is e-text1 only ! section numb]s are l9k$2 sections are g5]ally v %ort1 & notes adjo9 ! text4 abruptus1 ii4 #ai3 #aca;b4 adduc]e frontem1 iii4 #ac3 #adb;a4 1 vii4 #aa3 #agd;a4 ,annales ,pontificum1 ii4 #g3 #abf;a4 antiqui1 ii4 #ag3 #acj;b4 basilica1 v4 #ah3 #afd;b4 bona fide1 iii4 #bc3 #adf;b4 c]ae1 iii4 #cj3 #adi;a4 c]te scio1 ii4 #e3 #abd;b4 civilia (ficia1 iii4 #aa3 #adj;a4 classis1 v4 #ah3 #aff;a4 cogitatio1 vi4 #a3 #afg;a4 communes loci1 v4 #ab3 #aei;b4 confirmatio s5t5ti>um1 v4 #ab3 #aei;a4 contorta vis1 vii4 #ad3 #agf;a4 co?urnus 7,sophocli71 ii4 #bb3 #acc;a4 cum eo quod1 vii4 #ac3 #age;a4 decl9ata figura oratio1 v4 #h3 #aeg;a4 decretoria 7arma71 v4 #bj3 #afe;b4 de/ructio s5t5ti>um1 v4 #ab3 #aei;a4 dic5di ex tempore facultas1 iii4 #b3 vii4 #a1 #e1 #bd4 dict>e1 iii4 #ai3 #add;a4 dig]]e inord9ata1 iv4 #a3 comm5t>ios1 vii4 #cj4 dilectus1 iii4 #e3 #ach;a4 duc]e opus1 iii4 #ah3 #add;a4 dum non1 iii4 #g3 #ach;b4 #bbf eff]re se1 iii4 #aj3 #adj;a4 exactus1 ii4 #ad3 #abh;a4 exilis1 ii4 #af3 #abi;b4 extemporalis color1 vi4 #e3 #afh;b4 extemporalis actio1 vii4 #ah3 tem]itas1 vi4 #f4 exult>e1 ii4 #af3 #acj;a4 facilitas1 ii4 #ab3 iii4 #g3 vii4 #ai4 fas erat1 v4 #g3 #aeg;a4 favorabilis1 v4 #ba3 #aff;a4 =sitan1 ii4 #aj3 #abf;b4 frugalitas1 iii4 #bf3 #adg;b4 horride1 ii4 #ag3 #acj;a4 infelicitas1 ii4 #h3 #abf;a4 inf9itae que/iones1 iii4 #aa3 #aeh;a4 lima1 iv4 #d3 #aeb;a4 loci communes1 v4 #ab3 #aei;b4 lucrativa op]a1 vii4 #bg3 #ahj;b4 membranae1 iii4 #ca3 #aej;a4 non sit1 ii4 #bg3 #ace;a4 obiurg>e1 iii4 #bj3 #ade;a4 (f5sator1 iii4 #bj3 #ade;a4 op9io1 v4 #ah3 #afd;a4 p>aphrasis1 v4 #e3 #aee;b4 pil>ii1 vii4 #aa3 #agd;b4 pontificum annales1 ii4 #g3 #abf;a4 praescriptum1 ii4 #b3 #abc;b4 praesum]e1 v4 #d3 #aee;a4 pr(ectus1 iii4 #b3 #acf;b4 pr(essor1 v4 #ah3 #afd;a4 r>um e/ ut1 vii4 #bd3 #agi;b4 ratio c4 g]und1 iii4 #ca3 #adi;b4 ratio con/at1 ii4 #a3 #abc;a4 ratio 79 scrib5do71 iii4 #ae3 #adc;a4 repraes5t>e1 vii4 #b3 #agj;b4 s5t5tiae1 ii4 #ag3 v4 #d4 silva1 iii4 #ag3 #adc;b4 /ilus1 iii4 #a1 #cb2 vii4 #af4 sup9us1 ii4 #ag3 #aca;a4 supplosio p$is1 vii4 #bf3 #ahj;b4 t5uitas1 ii4 #bc3 #acc;b4 !ses1 v4 #aa3 #aeh;a4 #bbg 1 vii4 #aa3 #agd;a4 validius1 iii4 #ab3 #adj;b4 v5tilator1 vii4 #aa3 #agd;b4