,transcrib$ f ! #aija ,cassell & ,company edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgd;cov5try4ac4uk4 ,pro(+ by ,david1 ,dawn ,smi?1 ,uzma1 ,jane ,fo/]1 ,juliana ,rew1 ,m>ie ,rhod5 & ,jo ,osm5t4 ,,sev5 ,,disc\rses ,,on ,,art by ,jo%ua ,reyonds ,,introduction ,x is a happy memory t associates ! f\ndation ( our ,royal ,academy ) ! deliv]y ( ^! inaugural disc\rses by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 on ! op5+ ( ! s*ools1 & at ! fir/ annual meet+s = ! di/ribution ( its prizes4 ,!y laid d[n pr9ciples ( art f ! po9t ( view ( a man ( g5ius :o _h made 8 p[] felt1 & ) ! cle> good s5se :i* is ! f\ndation ( all "w t looks upw>d & may hope to live4 ,! tru?s "h express$ conc]n+ ,art may1 ) slight adju/m5t ( ! way ( ?\ght1 be appli$ to ,lit]ature or to any ex]cise ( ! be/ p[]s ( m9d = %ap+ ! delights t raise u to ! l>g] s5se ( life4 ,9 8 sep>ation ( ! utt]ance ( :ole tru?s f insi/ance ^u accid5ts ( detail1 ,reynolds 0 "r1 because he gu>d$ ! expression ( 8 view ) c>eful def9itions ( its limits4 ,9 ! same way ,boileau 0 "r1 z a critic ( ,lit]ature1 9 dem&+ ev]y:]e good s5se1 9 condemn+ ! pa/e brilliants ( a /yle !n 9 decay1 & fix+ att5tion ^u ! ma/]ly simplicity ( ,roman poets 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us4 ,critics by rule ( ?umb r$uc$ ! pr9ciples cle>ly def9$ by ,boileau to a dull conv5tion1 aga9/ :i* !re came 9 c\rse ( "t a /rong reaction4 ,9 l mann] ! tea*+ ( ,reynolds 0 appli$ by dull m5 to mu* vague & conv5tional g5]alisation 9 ! "n ( dignity4 ,nev]!less1 ,reynolds taught ess5tial tru?s ( ,art4 ,! pr9ciples laid d[n by him w nev] fail to give /r5g? to ! "r arti/1 or true guidance t[>ds ! appreciation ( good art1 ?\gh "h & !re we may n :olly ass5t to "s pass+ application ( !m1 :]e ! diff]5ce may be great betwe5 a fa%ion ( ?\ght 9 8 "t & 9 ours4 ,a righte\s en=cem5t ( exact tru? 9 our day has l$ _m into a read9ess to appreciate m really ! m9ute imitation ( a sat9 dress1 or a r$ h]r+1 ?an ! noble/ figure 9 ! be/ ( ,raffaelle's c>toons4 ,mu* good %\ld come ( ! diffusion ( ?is wise little book4 ,jo%ua ,reynolds 0 born on ! #ae? ( ,july1 #agbc1 ! son ( a cl]gyman & s*oolma/]1 at ,plympton 9 ,devon%ire4 ,8 b5t = ,art 0 cle> & /rong f 8 *ildhood4 ,9 #agda at ! age ( n9ete51 he began /udy1 & /udi$ = two y\rs 9 ,london "u ,?omas ,hudson1 a successful portrait pa9t]4 ,!n he w5t back to ,devon%ire & pa9t$ portraits1 aid$ = "s "t 9 8 education by att5tion to ! "w ( ,william ,g&y ( ,exet]4 ,:5 tw5ty-six ye>s old1 9 ,may1 #agdi1 ,reynolds 0 tak5 away by ,capta9 ,keppel to ! ,m$it]ranean1 & br\ght into contact ) ! works ( ! great pa9t]s ( ,italy4 ,he /ay$ two ye>s 9 ,rome1 & 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples aft]w>ds laid d[n 9 ^! lectures1 he refus$1 :5 9 ,rome1 commissions = copy+1 & gave 8 m9d to m9ute obs]vation ( ! art ( ! great ma/]s by ^: works he 0 surr\nd$4 ,he sp5t two mon?s 9 ,flor5ce1 six weeks 9 ,v5ice1 a few days 9 ,bologna & ,p>ma4 ,if1 he said1 ,i _h nev] se5 any ( ! f9e works ( ,correggio1 ,i %\ld nev]1 p]haps1 h rem>k$ 9 ,nature ! expression :i* ,i f9d 9 "o ( 8 pieces2 or if ,i _h rem>k$ x1 ,i might h ?\ght x too difficult1 or p]haps impossible to execute4 ,9 #agec ,reynolds came back to ,engl&1 & /ay$ ?ree mon?s 9 ,devon%ire be=e sett+ up a /udio 9 ,london1 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane1 :i* 0 !n an arti/s' qu>t]4 ,8 success 0 rapid4 ,9 #agee he _h "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five sitt]s4 ,samuel ,johnson f\nd 9 him 8 mo/ cong5ial fri5d4 ,he mov$ to ,newport ,/reet1 & he built himself a /udio--:]e !re is n[ an auction room--at #dg1 ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields4 ,!re he rema9$ = life4 ,9 #agfj ! arti/s op5$1 9 a room l5t by ! ,society ( ,arts1 a free ,exhibition = ! sale ( _! works4 ,?is 0 cont9u$ ! next ye> at ,spr+ ,g>d5s1 ) a *>ge ( a %ill+ = admission4 ,9 #agfe !y obta9$ a *>t] ( incorporation1 & 9 #agfh ! ,k+ gave 8 support to ! f\ndation ( a ,royal ,academy ( ,arts by sec$]s f ! prec$+ ,incorporat$ ,society ( ,arti/s1 into :i* p]sonal feel+s _h br\ght mu* division4 ,x 0 to consi/1 l ! ,fr5* ,academy1 ( =ty memb]s1 & 0 to ma9ta9 ,s*ools op5 to all /ud5ts ( good "* :o c\ld give evid5ce t !y _h fully le>nt ! rudim5ts ( ,art4 ,! f\ndation by ! ,k+ dates f ! #aj? ( ,decemb]1 #agfh4 ,! ,s*ools 7 op5$ on ! #bnd ( ,janu>y next foll[+1 & on t occasion ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 :o _h be5 elect$ ,presid5t--8 age 0 !n betwe5 =ty-five & =ty-six--gave ! ,inaugural ,address :i* =m$ ! fir/ ( ^! ,sev5 ,disc\rses4 ,! o!r six 7 giv5 by him1 z ,presid5t1 at ! next six annual meet+s3 & !y 7 all %ap$ to =m1 :5 collect$ into a volume1 a coh]5t body ( good c\nsel ^u ! f\ndations ( ! pa9t]'s art4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,to ,,! ,,k+ ,! regul> progress ( cultivat$ life is f necess>ies to accommodations1 f accommodations to ornam5ts4 ,by y\r illu/ri\s pr$ecessors 7 e/abli%$ m>ts = manufactures1 & colleges = sci5ce2 b = ! arts ( elegance1 ^? arts by :i* manufactures are embelli%$ & sci5ce is ref9$1 to f\nd an academy 0 res]v$ = y\r ,maje/y4 ,_h su* patronage be5 )\t effect1 !re _h be5 reason to believe t nature _h1 by "s insurm\ntable imp$im5t1 ob/ruct$ our pr(ici5cy2 b ! annual improvem5t ( ! exhibitions :i* y\r ,maje/y has be5 pleas$ to enc\rage %[s t only enc\ragem5t _h be5 want+4 ,to give advice to ^? :o are cont5d+ = royal lib]ality has be5 = "s ye>s ! duty ( my /ation 9 ! ,academy2 & ^! ,disc\rses hope = y\r ,maje/y's acceptance z well-int5d$ endeav\rs to incite t emulation :i* y\r notice has k9dl$1 & direct ^? /udies :i* y\r b\nty has rew>d$4 ,may x please y\r ,maje/y1 ,y\r ,maje/y's ,mo/ dutiful s]vant1 ,& mo/ fai?ful subject1 ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds4 ,,to ,,! ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,academy4 ,g5tlem51--,t y h ord]$ ! publication ( ?is ,disc\rse is n only v flatt]+ to me1 z x implies y\r approbation ( ! me?od ( /udy :i* ,i h recomm5d$2 b likewise1 z ?is me?od receives f t act su* an additional weight & au?ority z dem&s f ! /ud5ts t def]5ce & respect1 :i* c be due only to ! unit$ s5se ( s consid]able a body ( arti/s4 ,i am1 ,) ! greate/ e/eem & respect1 ,,g5tlem51 ,y\r mo/ humble ,& ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds ,,sev5 ,,disc\rses ,,on ,,art ,a ,,disc\rse ,deliv]$ at ! ,op5+ ( ! ,royal ,academy1 ,janu>y #bnd1 #agfi1 by ! ,presid5t4 ,g5tlem51--,an academy 9 :i* ! polite arts may be regul>ly cultivat$ is at la/ op5$ among u by royal munific5ce4 ,?is mu/ appe> an ev5t 9 ! highe/ degree int]e/+1 n only to ! arti/s1 b to ! :ole nation4 ,x is inde$ difficult to give any o!r reason :y an ,empire l t ( ,brita9 %\ld s long h want$ an ornam5t s suitable to its greatness ?an t sl[ progression ( ?+s :i* naturally makes elegance & ref9em5t ! la/ effect ( opul5ce & p[]4 ,an in/itution l ?is has (t5 be5 recomm5d$ ^u consid]ations m]ely m]cantile4 ,b an academy f\nd$ ^u su* pr9ciples c nev] effect ev5 its own n>r[ purposes4 ,if x has an orig9 no high]1 no ta/e c ev] be =m$ 9 x :i* c be useful ev5 9 manufactures2 b if ! high] arts ( design fl\ri%1 ^! inf]ior ends w be answ]$ ( c\rse4 ,we are happy 9 hav+ a pr9ce :o has conceiv$ ! design ( su* an in/itution1 accord+ to its true dignity1 & promotes ! arts1 z ! head ( a great1 a le>n$1 a polite1 & a comm]cial nation2 & ,i c n[ congratulate y1 g5tlem51 on ! accompli%m5t ( y\r long & ard5t wi%es4 ,! numb]less & ineffectual consultations t ,i h _h ) _m 9 ?is assembly1 to =m plans & conc]t s*emes = an academy1 af=d a suffici5t pro( ( ! impossibility ( succe$+ b by ! influ5ce ( ,maje/y4 ,b !re h1 p]haps1 be5 times :5 ev5 ! influ5ce ( ,maje/y w\ld h be5 ineffectual1 & x is pleas+ to reflect t we are ?us embodi$1 :5 e circum/ance seems to concur f :i* hon\r & prosp]ity c probably arise4 ,!re are at ?is "t a great] numb] ( excell5t arti/s ?an 7 ev] kn[n be=e at "o p]iod 9 ?is nation2 !re is a g5]al desire among our nobility to be di/+ui%$ z lov]s & judges ( ! arts2 !re is a great] sup]fluity ( weal? among ! p to rew>d ! pr(essors2 &1 above all1 we are patronis$ by a mon>*1 :o1 kn[+ ! value ( sci5ce & ( elegance1 ?9ks e art wor?y ( 8 notice t t5ds to s(t5 & humanise ! m9d4 ,aft] s mu* has be5 done by 8 ,maje/y1 x w be :olly our fault if our progress is n 9 "s degree correspond5t to ! wisdom &1 g5]osity ( ! in/itution2 let u %[ our gratitude 9 our dilig5ce1 t1 ?\gh our m]it may n answ] 8 expectations1 yet1 at lea/1 our indu/ry may des]ve 8 protection4 ,b :atev] may be our proportion ( success1 ( ?is we may be sure1 t ! pres5t in/itution w at lea/ contribute to advance our k ( ! arts1 & br+ u ne>] to t ideal excell5ce :i* x is ! lot ( g5ius always to contemplate & nev] to atta94 ,! pr9cipal advantage ( an academy is1 t1 besides furni%+ able m5 to direct ! /ud5t1 x w be a repository = ! great examples ( ! art4 ,^! are ! mat]ials on :i* g5ius is to "w1 & )\t :i* ! /ronge/ intellect may be fruitlessly or devi\sly employ$4 ,by /udy+ ^! au!ntic models1 t idea ( excell5ce :i* is ! result ( ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( pa/ ages may be at once acquir$1 & ! t>dy & ob/ruct$ progress ( our pr$ecessors may tea* u a %ort] & easi] way4 ,! /ud5t receives at "o glance ! pr9ciples :i* _m arti/s h sp5t _! :ole lives 9 asc]ta9+2 &1 satisfi$ ) _! effect1 is sp>$ ! pa9ful inve/igation by :i* !y come to be kn[n & fix$4 ,h[ _m m5 ( great natural abilities h be5 lo/ to ?is nation = want ( ^! advantages8 ,!y nev] _h an opportunity ( see+ ^? ma/]ly ef=ts ( g5ius :i* at once k9dle ! :ole s\l1 & =ce x into sudd5 & irresi/ible approbation4 ,raffaelle1 x is true1 _h n ! advantage ( /udy+ 9 an academy2 b all ,rome1 & ! works ( ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 p>ticul>1 7 to him an academy4 ,on ! site ( ! ,capel la ,si/9a he imm$iately f a dry1 ,go?ic1 & ev5 insipid mann]1 :i* att5ds to ! m9ute accid5tal discrim9ations ( p>ticul> & individual objects1 assum$ t gr& /yle ( pa9t+1 :i* improves p>tial repres5tation by ! g5]al & inv>iable ideas ( nature4 ,e sem9>y ( le>n+ may be said to be surr\nd$ ) an atmosph]e ( float+ k1 :]e e m9d may imbibe some:at cong5ial to its own orig9al conceptions4 ,k1 ?us obta9$1 has always some?+ m popul> & useful ?an t :i* is =c$ ^u ! m9d by private precepts or solit>y m$itation4 ,besides1 x is g5]ally f\nd t a y\? m easily receives in/ruction f ! companions ( 8 /udies1 ^: m9ds are ne>ly on a level ) 8 own1 ?an f ^? :o are mu* 8 sup]iors2 & x is f 8 equals only t he cat*es ! fire ( emulation4 ,"o advantage1 ,i w v5ture to affirm1 we %all h 9 our academy1 :i* no o!r nation c boa/4 ,we %all h no?+ to unle>n4 ,to ?is praise ! pres5t race ( arti/s h a j claim4 ,z f> z !y h yet proce$$ !y are "r4 ,) u ! ex]tions ( g5ius w h5ce=w>d be direct$ to _! prop] objects4 ,x w n be z x has be5 9 o!r s*ools1 :]e he t travell$ fa/e/ only w&]$ f>!/ f ! "r way4 ,impress$ z ,i am1 !re=e1 ) su* a fav\rable op9ion ( my associates 9 ?is und]tak+1 x w\ld ill become me to dictate to any ( !m4 ,b z ^! in/itutions h s (t5 fail$ 9 o!r nations1 & z x is natural to ?9k ) regret h[ mu* might h be5 done1 & h[ little has be5 done1 ,i mu/ take leave to (f] a few h9ts1 by :i* ^? errors may be rectifi$1 & ^? defects suppli$4 ,^! ! pr(essors & visitors may reject or adopt z !y %all ?9k prop]4 ,i w\ld *iefly recomm5d t an implicit ob$i5ce to ! rules ( art1 z e/abli%$ by ! great ma/]s1 %\ld be exact$ f ! "y /ud5ts4 ,t ^? models1 :i* h pass$ ?r\gh ! approbation ( ages1 %\ld be consid]$ by !m z p]fect & infallible guides z subjects = _! imitation1 n _! criticism4 ,i am confid5t t ?is is ! only efficaci\s me?od ( mak+ a progress 9 ! arts2 & t he :o sets out ) d\bt+ w f9d life f9i%$ be=e he becomes ma/] ( ! rudim5ts4 ,= x may be laid d[n z a maxim1 t he :o beg9s by presum+ on 8 own s5se has end$ 8 /udies z soon z he has comm5c$ !m4 ,e opportunity1 !re=e1 %\ld be tak5 to disc\nt5ance t false & vulg> op9ion t rules are ! fett]s ( g5ius4 ,!y are fett]s only to m5 ( no g5ius2 z t arm\r1 :i* ^u ! /rong becomes an ornam5t & a def5ce1 ^u ! weak & mis%ap5 turns into a load1 & cripples ! body :i* x 0 made to protect4 ,h[ mu* lib]ty may be tak5 to break ?r\gh ^? rules1 &1 z ! poet expresses x1 ,to snat* a grace beyond ! rea* ( art1 may be an aft] consid]ation1 :5 ! pupils become ma/]s !mselves4 ,x is !n1 :5 _! g5ius has receiv$ its utmo/ improvem5t1 t rules may possibly be disp5s$ )4 ,b let u n de/roy ! scaffold until we h rais$ ! build+4 ,! directors ought m p>ticul>ly to wat* ov] ! g5ius ( ^? /ud5ts :o1 be+ m advanc$1 are arriv$ at t critical p]iod ( /udy1 on ! nice managem5t ( :i* _! future turn ( ta/e dep5ds4 ,at t age x is natural = !m to be m captivat$ ) :at is brilliant ?an ) :at is solid1 & to pref] spl5did neglig5ce to pa9ful & humiliat+ exactness4 ,a facility 9 compos+1 a lively1 & :at is call$ a ma/]ly h&l+ ! *alk or p5cil1 are1 x mu/ be confess$1 captivat+ qualities to "y m9ds1 & become ( c\rse ! objects ( _! ambition4 ,!y endeav\r to imitate ^? dazzl+ excell5ces1 :i* !y w f9d no great lab\r 9 atta9+4 ,aft] mu* "t sp5t 9 ^! frivol\s pursuits1 ! difficulty w be to retreat2 b x w be !n too late2 & !re is sc>ce an in/ance ( return to scrupul\s lab\r aft] ! m9d has be5 debau*$ & deceiv$ by ?is fallaci\s ma/]y4 ,by ?is useless indu/ry !y are exclud$ f all p[] ( advanc+ 9 real excell5ce4 ,:il/ boys1 !y are arriv$ at _! utmo/ p]fection2 !y h tak5 ! %ad[ = ! sub/ance2 & make t me*anical facility ! *ief excell5ce ( ! art1 :i* is only an ornam5t1 & ( ! m]it ( :i* few b pa9t]s !mselves are judges4 ,?is seems to me to be "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s s\rces ( corruption2 & ,i speak ( x f exp]i5ce1 n z an error :i* may possibly happ51 b :i* has actually infect$ all =eign academies4 ,! directors 7 probably pleas$ ) ?is premature dext]ity 9 _! pupils1 & prais$ _! despat* at ! exp5se ( _! correctness4 ,b "y m5 h n only ?is frivol\s ambition ( be+ ?\ght ma/]ly incit+ !m on "o h&1 b also _! natural slo? tempt+ !m on ! o!r4 ,!y are t]rifi$ at ! prospect be=e !m1 ( ! toil requir$ to atta9 exactness4 ,! impetuosity ( y\? is di/ru/$ at ! sl[ approa*es ( a regul> siege1 & desires1 f m]e impati5ce ( lab\r1 to take ! citadel by /orm4 ,!y wi% to f9d "s %ort] pa? to excell5ce1 & hope to obta9 ! rew>d ( em95ce by o!r means ?an ^? :i* ! indisp5sable rules ( art h prescrib$4 ,!y mu/1 !re=e1 be told aga9 & aga9 t lab\r is ! only price ( solid fame1 & t :atev] _! =ce ( g5ius may be1 !re is no easy me?od ( becom+ a good pa9t]4 ,:5 we read ! lives ( ! mo/ em95t pa9t]s1 e page in=ms u t no "p ( _! "t 0 sp5t 9 dissipation4 ,ev5 an increase ( fame s]v$ only to augm5t _! indu/ry4 ,to be conv9c$ ) :at p]sev]+ assiduity !y pursu$ _! /udies1 we ne$ only reflect on _! me?od ( proce$+ 9 _! mo/ celebrat$ works4 ,:5 !y conceiv$ a subject1 !y fir/ made a v>iety ( sket*es2 !n a f9i%$ draw+ ( ! :ole2 aft] t a m correct draw+ ( e sep>ate "p1 heads1 h&s1 feet1 & pieces ( drap]y2 !y !n pa9t$ ! picture1 & aft] all re-t\*$ x f ! life4 ,! pictures1 ?us wr\ght ) su* pa91 n[ appe> l ! effect ( en*antm5t1 & z if "s mighty g5ius _h /ruck !m (f at a bl[4 ,b1 :il/ dilig5ce is ?us recomm5d$ to ! /ud5ts1 ! visitors w take c>e t _! dilig5ce be effectual2 t x be well direct$ & employ$ on ! prop] object4 ,a /ud5t is n always advanc+ because he is employ$2 he mu/ apply 8 /r5g? to t "p ( ! art :]e ! real difficulties lie2 to t "p :i* di/+ui%es x z a lib]al art1 & n by mi/ak5 indu/ry lose 8 "t 9 t :i* is m]ely ornam5tal4 ,! /ud5ts1 in/ead ( vy+ ) ea* o!r :i* %all h ! readie/ b&1 %\ld be taught to cont5d :o %all h ! pure/ & mo/ correct outl9e1 in/ead ( /riv+ :i* %all produce ! brighte/ t9t1 or1 curi\sly trifl+ endeav\r to give ! gloss ( /uffs s z to appe> real1 let _! ambition be direct$ to cont5d :i* %all dispose 8 drap]y 9 ! mo/ graceful folds1 :i* %all give ! mo/ grace & dignity to ! human figure4 ,i mu/ beg leave to submit "o ?+ m to ! consid]ation ( ! visitors1 :i* appe>s to me a matt] ( v great consequ5ce1 & ! omission ( :i* ,i ?9k a pr9cipal defect 9 ! me?od ( education pursu$ 9 all ! academies ,i h ev] visit$4 ,! error ,i mean is1 t ! /ud5ts nev] draw exactly f ! liv+ models :i* !y h be=e !m4 ,x is n inde$ _! int5tion1 nor are !y direct$ to d x4 ,_! draw+s resemble ! model only 9 ! attitude4 ,!y *ange ! =m accord+ to _! vague & unc]ta9 ideas ( beauty1 & make a draw+ r ( :at !y ?9k ! figure ought to be ?an ( :at x appe>s4 ,i h ?\ght ?is ! ob/acle t has /opp$ ! progress ( _m "y m5 ( real g5ius2 & ,i v mu* d\bt :e!r a habit ( draw+ correctly :at we see w n give a proportionable p[] ( draw+ correctly :at we imag9e4 ,he :o endeav\rs to copy nicely ! figure be=e him n only acquires a habit ( exactness & precision1 b is cont9ually advanc+ 9 8 k ( ! human figure2 & ?\gh he seems to sup]ficial obs]v]s to make a sl[] progress1 he w be f\nd at la/ capable ( add+ 7)\t runn+ into caprici\s wildness7 t grace & beauty :i* is necess>y to be giv5 to 8 m f9i%$ works1 & :i* _c be got by ! mod]ns1 z x 0 n acquir$ by ! anci5ts1 b by an att5tive & well-comp>$ /udy ( ! human =m4 ,:at ,i ?9k ought to en=ce ?is me?od is1 t x has be5 ! practice 7z may be se5 by _! draw+s7 ( ! great ma/]s 9 ! art4 ,i w m5tion a draw+ ( ,raffaelle1 ,! ,dispute ( ! ,sacram5t1 ! pr9t ( :i*1 by ,c\nt ,cailus1 is 9 e h&4 ,x appe>s t he made 8 sket* f "o model2 & ! habit he _h ( draw+ exactly f ! =m be=e him appe>s by 8 mak+ all ! figures ) ! same cap1 su* z 8 model !n happ5$ to we>2 s s]vile a copyi/ 0 ?is great man1 ev5 at a "t :5 he 0 all[$ to be at 8 highe/ pit* ( excell5ce4 ,i h se5 also academy figures by ,annibale ,c>acci1 ?\gh he 0 (t5 suffici5tly lic5ti\s 9 8 f9i%$ works1 drawn ) all ! peculi>ities ( an individual model4 ,?is scrupul\s exactness is s contr>y to ! practice ( ! academies1 t x is n )\t great def]5ce t ,i beg leave to recomm5d x to ! consid]ation ( ! visitors1 & submit x to !m1 :e!r ! neglect ( ?is me?od is n "o ( ! reasons :y /ud5ts s (t5 disappo9t expectation1 & be+ m ?an boys at sixte51 become less ?an m5 at ?irty4 ,9 %ort1 ! me?od ,i recomm5d c only be detrim5tal :5 !re are b few liv+ =ms to copy2 = !n /ud5ts1 by always draw+ f "o alone1 w by habit be taught to ov]look defects1 & mi/ake de=mity = beauty4 ,b ( ?is !re is no dang]1 s9ce ! c\ncil has det]m9$ to supply ! academy ) a v>iety ( subjects2 & inde$ ^? laws :i* !y h drawn up1 & :i* ! secret>y w pres5tly read = y\r confirmation1 h 9 "s measure preclud$ me f say+ m ^u ?is occasion4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( (f]+ my advice1 p]mit me to indulge my wi%es1 & express my hope1 t ?is in/itution may answ] ! expectations ( its royal f\nd]2 t ! pres5t age may vie 9 arts ) t ( ,leo ,x4 & t ! dignity ( ! dy+ art 7to make use ( an expression ( ,pl9y7 may be reviv$ "u ! reign ( ,george ,,iii4 ,a ,,disc\rse ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aa1 #agfi1 by ! ,presid5t4 ,g5tlem51--,i congratulate y on ! hon\r :i* y h j receiv$4 ,i h ! highe/ op9ion ( y\r m]its1 & c\ld wi% to %[ my s5se ( !m 9 some?+ :i* possibly may be m useful to y ?an b>r5 praise4 ,i c\ld wi% to lead y into su* a c\rse ( /udy z may r5d] y\r future progress answ]able to y\r pa/ improvem5t2 &1 :il/ ,i applaud y = :at has be5 done1 rem9d y ( h[ mu* yet rema9s to atta9 p]fection4 ,i flatt] myself1 t f ! long exp]i5ce ,i h _h1 & ! unceas+ assiduity ) :i* ,i h pursu$ ^? /udies1 9 :i*1 l y1 ,i h be5 engag$1 ,i %all be acquitt$ ( vanity 9 (f]+ "s h9ts to y\r consid]ation4 ,!y are inde$ 9 a great degree f\nd$ ^u my own mi/akes 9 ! same pursuit4 ,b ! hi/ory ( errors prop]ly manag$ (t5 %ort5s ! road to tru?4 ,& al?\gh no me?od ( /udy t ,i c (f] w ( itself conduct to excell5ce1 yet x may pres]ve indu/ry f be+ misappli$4 ,9 speak+ to y ( ! !ory ( ! art1 ,i %all only consid] x z x has a relation to ! me?od ( y\r /udies4 ,divid+ ! /udy ( pa9t+ into ?ree di/9ct p]iods1 ,i %all address y z hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! fir/ ( !m1 :i* is conf9$ to ! rudim5ts1 includ+ a facility ( draw+ any object t pres5ts itself1 a tol]able read9ess 9 ! managem5t ( col\rs1 & an acqua9tance ) ! mo/ simple & obvi\s rules ( composition4 ,?is fir/ degree ( pr(ici5cy is1 9 pa9t+1 :at gramm> is 9 lit]ature1 a g5]al prep>ation to :atev] species ( ! art ! /ud5t may aft]w>ds *oose = 8 m p>ticul> application4 ,! p[] ( draw+1 modell+1 & us+ col\rs is v prop]ly call$ ! language ( ! art2 & 9 ?is language1 ! hon\rs y h j receiv$ prove y to h made no inconsid]able progress4 ,:5 ! arti/ is once enabl$ to express himself ) "s degree ( correctness1 he mu/ !n endeav\r to collect subjects = expression2 to amass a /ock ( ideas1 to be comb9$ & v>i$ z occasion may require4 ,he is n[ 9 ! second p]iod ( /udy1 9 :i* 8 bus9ess is to le>n all t has hi!rto be5 kn[n & done4 ,hav+ hi!rto receiv$ in/ructions f a p>ticul> ma/]1 he is n[ to consid] ! art itself z 8 ma/]4 ,he mu/ ext5d 8 capacity to m sublime & g5]al in/ructions4 ,^? p]fections :i* lie scatt]$ among v>i\s ma/]s are n[ unit$ 9 "o g5]al idea1 :i* is h5ce=? to regulate 8 ta/e & enl>ge 8 imag9ation4 ,) a v>iety ( models ?us be=e him1 he w avoid t n>r[ness & pov]ty ( conception :i* att5ds a bigot$ admiration ( a s+le ma/]1 & w cease to foll[ any fav\rite :]e he ceases to excel4 ,?is p]iod is1 h[ev]1 /ill a "t ( subjection & discipl9e4 ,?\gh ! /ud5t w n resign himself bl9dly to any s+le au?ority :5 he may h ! advantage ( consult+ _m1 he mu/ /ill be afraid ( tru/+ 8 own judgm5t1 & ( deviat+ into any track :]e he _c f9d ! foot/eps ( "s =m] ma/]4 ,! ?ird & la/ p]iod emancipates ! /ud5t f subjection to any au?ority b :at he %all himself judge to be support$ by reason4 ,confid+ n[ 9 8 own judgm5t1 he w consid] & sep>ate ^? diff]5t pr9ciples to :i* diff]5t modes ( beauty owe _! orig9al4 ,9 ! =m] p]iod he s\ght only to "k & comb9e excell5ce1 :]ev] x 0 to be f\nd1 into "o idea ( p]fection2 9 ?is he le>ns1 :at requires ! mo/ att5tive survey & ! subtle disquisition1 to discrim9ate p]fections t are incompatible ) ea* o!r4 ,he is f ?is "t to reg>d himself z hold+ ! same rank ) ^? ma/]s :om he be=e obey$ z tea*]s1 & z ex]cis+ a sort ( sov]eignty ov] ^? rules :i* h hi!rto re/ra9$ him4 ,comp>+ n[ no long] ! p]=mances ( art ) ea* o!r1 b exam9+ ! art itself by ! /&>d ( nature1 he corrects :at is errone\s1 supplies :at is scanty1 & adds by 8 own obs]vation :at ! indu/ry ( 8 pr$ecessors may h yet left want+ to p]fection4 ,hav+ well e/abli%$ 8 judgm5t1 & /or$ 8 memory1 he may n[ )\t fe> try ! p[] ( 8 imag9ation4 ,! m9d t has be5 ?us discipl9$ may be indulg$ 9 ! w>me/ en?usiasm1 & v5ture to play on ! bord]s ( ! wilde/ extravagance4 ,! habitual dignity1 :i* long conv]se ) ! greate/ m9ds has imp>t$ to him1 w display itself 9 all 8 attempts1 & he w /& among 8 in/ructors1 n z an imitator1 b a rival4 ,^! are ! diff]5t /ages ( ! art4 ,b z ,i n[ address myself p>ticul>ly to ^? /ud5ts :o h be5 ?is day rew>d$ = _! happy passage ?r\gh ! fir/ p]iod1 ,i c ) no propriety suppose !y want any help 9 ! initiatory /udies4 ,my pres5t design is to direct y\r view to di/ant excell5ce1 & to %[ y ! readie/ pa? t leads to x4 ,( ?is ,i %all speak ) su* latitude z may leave ! prov9ce ( ! pr(essor un9vad$1 & %all n anticipate ^? precepts :i* x is 8 bus9ess to give & y\r duty to und]/&4 ,x is indisputably evid5t t a great "p ( e man's life mu/ be employ$ 9 collect+ mat]ials = ! ex]cise ( g5ius4 ,inv5tion1 /rictly speak+1 is little m ?an a new comb9ation ( ^? images :i* h be5 previ\sly ga!r$ & deposit$ 9 ! memory4 ,no?+ c come ( no?+4 ,he :o has laid up no mat]ials c produce no comb9ations4 ,a /ud5t unacqua9t$ ) ! attempts ( =m] adv5tur]s is always apt to ov]rate 8 own abilities1 to mi/ake ! mo/ trifl+ excursions = discov]ies ( mom5t1 & e coa/ new to him = a new-f\nd c\ntry4 ,if by *ance he passes beyond 8 usual limits1 he congratulates 8 own arrival at ^? regions :i* !y :o h /e]$ a bett] c\rse h long left beh9d !m4 ,! productions ( su* m9ds are seldom di/+ui%$ by an air ( orig9ality3 !y are anticipat$ 9 _! happie/ ef=ts2 & if !y are f\nd to diff] 9 any?+ f _! pr$ecessors1 x is only 9 irregul> sallies & trifl+ conceits4 ,! m ext5sive !re=e y\r acqua9tance is ) ! works ( ^? :o h excell$ ! m ext5sive w be y\r p[]s ( inv5tion2 & :at may appe> /ill m l a p>adox1 ! m orig9al w be y\r conceptions4 ,b ! difficulty on ?is occasion is to det]m9e :o ought to be propos$ z models ( excell5ce1 & :o ought to be consid]$ z ! prop]e/ guides4 ,to a "y man j arriv$ 9 ,italy1 _m ( ! pres5t pa9t]s ( t c\ntry are ready en\gh to obtrude _! precepts1 & to (f] _! own p]=mances z examples ( t p]fection :i* !y affect to recomm5d4 ,! mod]n1 h[ev]1 :o recomm5ds himself z a /&>d1 may ju/ly be suspect$ z ignorant ( ! true end1 & unacqua9t$ ) ! prop] object ( ! art :i* he pr(esses4 ,to foll[ su* a guide w n only ret>d ! /ud5t1 b mislead him4 ,on :om1 !n1 c he rely1 or :o %all %[ him ! pa? t leads to excell5ce8 ,! answ] is obvi\s3 ,^? great ma/]s :o h travell$ ! same road ) success are ! mo/ likely to conduct o!rs4 ,! works ( ^? :o h /ood ! te/ ( ages h a claim to t respect & v5]ation to :i* no mod]n c pret5d4 ,! duration & /ability ( _! fame is suffici5t to ev9ce t x has n be5 susp5d$ ^u ! sl5d] ?read ( fa%ion & caprice1 b b\nd to ! human he>t by e tie ( sympa!tic approbation4 ,!re is no dang] ( /udy+ too mu* ! works ( ^? great m51 b h[ !y may be /udi$ to advantage is an inquiry ( great importance4 ,"s :o h nev] rais$ _! m9ds to ! consid]ation ( ! real dignity ( ! art1 & :o rate ! works ( an arti/ 9 proportion z !y excel1 or are defective 9 ! me*anical p>ts1 look on !ory z some?+ t may enable !m to talk b n to pa9t bett]1 & conf9+ !mselves entirely to me*anical practice1 v assidu\sly toil on 9 ! drudg]y ( copy+1 & ?9k !y make a rapid progress :ile !y fai?fully exhibit ! m9ute/ "p ( a fav\rite picture4 ,?is appe>s to me a v t$i\s1 & ,i ?9k a v errone\s1 me?od ( proce$+4 ,( e l>ge composition1 ev5 ( ^? :i* are mo/ admir$1 a great "p may be truly said to be common-place4 ,?is1 ?\gh x takes up mu* "t 9 copy+1 conduces little to improvem5t4 ,i consid] g5]al copy+ z a delusive k9d ( indu/ry2 ! /ud5t satisfies himself ) ! appe>ance ( do+ some?+2 he falls into ! dang]\s habit ( imitat+ )\t select+1 & ( lab\r+ )\t any det]m9ate object2 z x requires no ef=t ( ! m9d1 he sleeps ov] 8 "w2 & ^? p[]s ( inv5tion & composition :i* ought p>ticul>ly to be call$ out & put 9 action lie torpid1 & lose _! en]gy = want ( ex]cise4 ,x is an obs]vation t all mu/ h made1 h[ incapable ^? are ( produc+ any?+ ( _! own :o h sp5t mu* ( _! "t 9 mak+ f9i%$ copies4 ,to suppose t ! complication ( p[]s1 & v>iety ( ideas necess>y to t m9d :i* aspires to ! fir/ hon\rs ill ! art ( pa9t+1 c be obta9$ by ! frigid contemplation ( a few s+le models1 is no less absurd ?an x w\ld be 9 him :o wi%es to be a poet to imag9e t by translat+ a trag$y he c acquire to himself suffici5t k ( ! appe>ances ( nature1 ! op]ations ( ! passions1 & ! incid5ts ( life4 ,! great use 9 copy+1 if x be at all useful1 %\ld seem to be 9 le>n+ to col\r2 yet ev5 col\r+ w nev] be p]fectly atta9$ by s]vilely copy+ ! m\ld be=e y4 ,an eye critically nice c only be =m$ by obs]v+ well-col\r$ pictures ) att5tion3 & by close inspection1 & m9ute exam9ation y w discov]1 at la/1 ! mann] ( h&l+1 ! artifices ( contra/1 glaz+1 & o!r exp$i5ts1 by :i* good col\ri/s h rais$ ! value ( _! t9ts1 & by :i* nature has be5 s happily imitat$4 ,i mu/ in=m y1 h[ev]1 t old pictures des]v$ly celebrat$ = _! col\r+ are (t5 s *ang$ by dirt & v>ni%1 t we ought n to wond] if !y d n appe> equal to _! reputation 9 ! eyes ( unexp]i5c$ pa9t]s1 or "y /ud5ts4 ,an arti/ ^: judgm5t is matur$ by long obs]vation1 consid]s r :at ! picture once 01 ?an :at x is at pres5t4 ,he has acquir$ a p[] by habit ( see+ ! brilliancy ( t9ts ?r\gh ! cl\d by :i* x is obscur$4 ,an exact imitation1 !re=e1 ( ^? pictures1 is likely to fill ! /ud5t's m9d ) false op9ions1 & to s5d him back a col\ri/ ( 8 own =mation1 ) ideas equally remote f nature & f art1 f ! g5u9e practice ( ! ma/]s & ! real appe>ances ( ?+s4 ,foll[+ ^! rules1 & us+ ^! precautions1 :5 y h cle>ly & di/9ctly le>n$ 9 :at good col\r+ consi/s1 y _c d bett] ?an h rec\rse to nature h]self1 :o is always at h&1 & 9 comp>ison ( ^: true spl5d\r ! be/ col\r$ pictures are b fa9t & feeble4 ,h[ev]1 z ! practice ( copy+ is n entirely to be exclud$1 s9ce ! me*anical practice ( pa9t+ is le>n$ 9 "s measure by x1 let ^? *oice p>ts only be select$ :i* h recomm5d$ ! "w to notice4 ,if its excell5ce consi/s 9 its g5]al effect1 x w\ld be prop] to make slight sket*es ( ! ma*9]y & g5]al managem5t ( ! picture4 ,^? sket*es %\ld be kept always by y = ! regulation ( y\r /yle4 ,in/ead ( copy+ ! t\*es ( ^? great ma/]s1 copy only _! conceptions4 ,in/ead ( tread+ 9 _! foot/eps1 endeav\r only to keep ! same road4 ,lab\r to inv5t on _! g5]al pr9ciples & way ( ?9k+4 ,possess y\rself ) _! _s4 ,consid] ) y\rself h[ a ,mi*ael ,angelo or a ,raffaelle w\ld h treat$ ?is subject3 & "w y\rself into a belief t y\r picture is to be se5 & criticis$ by !m :5 complet$4 ,ev5 an attempt ( ?is k9d w r\se y\r p[]s4 ,b z m]e en?usiasm w c>ry y b a little way1 let me recomm5d a practice t may be equival5t1 & w p]haps m efficaci\sly contribute to y\r advancem5t1 ?an ev5 ! v]bal corrections ( ^? ma/]s !mselves1 c\ld !y be obta9$4 ,:at ,i w\ld propose is1 t y %\ld ent] into a k9d ( competition1 by pa9t+ a simil> subject1 & mak+ a companion to any picture t y consid] z a model4 ,aft] y h f9i%$ y\r "w1 place x ne> ! model1 & comp>e !m c>efully toge!r4 ,y w !n n only see1 b feel y\r own defici5cies m s5sibly ?an by precepts1 or any o!r means ( in/ruction4 ,! true pr9ciples ( pa9t+ w m+le ) y\r ?\ghts4 ,ideas ?us fix$ by s5sible objects1 w be c]ta9 & def9itive2 & s9k+ deep into ! m9d1 w n only be m j1 b m la/+ ?an ^? pres5t$ to y by precepts only3 :i* w1 always be fleet+1 v>iable1 & undet]m9$4 ,?is me?od ( comp>+ y\r own ef=ts ) ^? ( "s great ma/]1 is inde$ a sev]e & mortify+ task1 to :i* none w submit1 b su* z h great views1 ) =titude suffici5t to =ego ! gratifications ( pres5t vanity = future hon\r4 ,:5 ! /ud5t has succe$$ 9 "s measure to 8 own satisfaction1 & has felicitat$ himself on 8 success1 to g volunt>ily to a tribunal :]e he kn[s 8 vanity mu/ be humbl$1 & all self-approbation mu/ vani%1 requires n only great resolution1 b great humility4 ,to him1 h[ev]1 :o has ! ,ambition to be a real ma/]1 ! solid satisfaction :i* proce$s f a consci\sness ( 8 advancem5t 7( :i* see+ 8 own faults is ! fir/ /ep7 w v abundantly comp5sate = ! mortification ( pres5t disappo9tm5t4 ,!re is1 besides1 ?is alleviat+ circum/ance4 ,e discov]y he makes1 e acquisition ( k he atta9s1 seems to proce$ f 8 own sagacity2 & ?us he acquires a confid5ce 9 himself suffici5t to keep up ! resolution ( p]sev]ance4 ,we all mu/ h exp]i5c$ h[ lazily1 & consequ5tly h[ ineffectually1 in/ruction is receiv$ :5 =c$ ^u ! m9d by o!rs4 ,few h be5 taught to any purpose :o h n be5 _! own tea*]s4 ,we pref] ^? in/ructions :i* we h giv5 ourselves1 f our affection to ! in/ructor2 & !y are m effectual1 f be+ receiv$ into ! m9d at ! v "t :5 x is mo/ op5 & eag] to receive !m4 ,) respect to ! pictures t y are to *oose = y\r models1 ,i c\ld wi% t y w\ld take ! _w's op9ion r ?an y\r own4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i w\ld h y *oose ^? ( e/abli%$ reputation r ?an foll[ y\r own fancy4 ,if y %\ld n admire !m at fir/1 y w1 by endeav\r+ to imitate !m1 f9d t ! _w has n be5 mi/ak54 ,x is n an easy task to po9t out ^? v>i\s excell5ces = y\r imitation :i* he di/ribut$ among/ ! v>i\s s*ools4 ,an endeav\r to d ?is may p]haps be ! subject ( "s future disc\rse4 ,i w1 !re=e1 at pres5t only recomm5d a model = /yle 9 pa9t+1 :i* is a bran* ( ! art m imm$iately necess>y to ! "y /ud5t4 ,/yle 9 pa9t+ is ! same z 9 writ+1 a p[] ov] mat]ials1 :e!r words or col\rs1 by :i* conceptions or s5tim5ts are convey$4 ,& 9 ?is ,lodovico ,c>ra*e 7,i mean 9 8 be/ works7 appe>s to me to approa* ! ne>e/ to p]fection4 ,8 unaffect$ bread? ( light & %ad[1 ! simplicity ( col\r+1 :i* hold+ its prop] rank1 does n draw aside ! lea/ "p ( ! att5tion f ! subject1 & ! solemn effect ( t twilight :i* seems diffus$ ov] 8 pictures1 appe> to me to correspond ) grave & dignifi$ subjects1 bett] ?an ! m artificial brilliancy ( sun%9e :i* enlight5s ! pictures ( ,titian4 ,?\gh ,t9toret ?\ght t ,titian's col\r+ 0 ! model ( p]fection1 & w\ld correspond ev5 ) ! sublime ( ,mi*ael ,angelo2 & t if ,angelo _h col\r$ l ,titian1 or ,titian design$ l ,angelo1 ! _w w\ld once h _h a p]fect pa9t]4 ,x is our mis=tune1 h[ev]1 t ^? works ( ,c>ra*e :i* ,i w\ld recomm5d to ! /ud5t are n (t5 f\nd out ( ,bologna4 ,! ,/4 ,francis 9 ! mid/ ( 8 ,fri>s1 ,! ,transfiguration1 ,! ,bir? ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,! ,call+ ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 ! ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! fresco pa9t+s 9 ! ,zampi]i ,palace1 are all wor?y ! att5tion ( ! /ud5t4 ,& ,i ?9k ^? :o travel w\ld d well to allot a mu* great] portion ( _! "t to t city ?an x has be5 hi!rto ! cu/om to be/[4 ,9 ?is art1 z 9 o!rs1 !re are _m tea*]s :o pr(ess to %[ ! ne>e/ way to excell5ce1 & _m exp$i5ts h be5 inv5t$ by :i* ! toil ( /udy might be sav$4 ,b let no man be s$uc$ to idl5ess by speci\s promises4 ,excell5ce is nev] grant$ to man b z ! rew>d ( lab\r4 ,x argues1 inde$1 no small /r5g? ( m9d to p]sev]e 9 habits ( indu/ry1 )\t ! pleasure ( p]ceiv+ ^? advances2 :i*1 l ! h& ( a clock1 :il/ !y make h\rly approa*es to _! po9t1 yet proce$ s sl[ly z to escape obs]vation4 ,a facility ( draw+1 l t ( play+ ^u a musical in/rum5t1 _c be acquir$ b by an inf9ite numb] ( acts4 ,i ne$ n1 !re=e1 en=ce by _m words ! necessity ( cont9ual application2 nor tell y t ! port-crayon ought to be = ev] 9 y\r h&s4 ,v>i\s me?ods w occur to y by :i* ?is p[] may be acquir$4 ,i w\ld p>ticul>ly recomm5d t aft] y\r return f ! academy 7:]e ,i suppose y\r att5dance to be con/ant7 y w\ld endeav\r to draw ! figure by memory4 ,i w ev5 v5ture to add1 t by p]sev]ance 9 ?is cu/om1 y w become able to draw ! human figure tol]ably correct1 ) z little ef=t ( ! m9d z to trace ) a p5 ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,t ?is facility is n unatta9able1 "s memb]s 9 ?is academy give a suffici5t pro(4 ,&1 be assur$1 t if ?is p[] is n acquir$ :il/ y are "y1 !re w be no "t = x aft]w>ds3 at lea/1 ! attempt w be att5d$ ) z mu* difficulty z ^? exp]i5ce :o le>n to read or write aft] !y h arriv$ to ! age ( maturity4 ,b :ile ,i m5tion ! port-crayon z ! /ud5t's con/ant companion1 he mu/ /ill rememb] t ! p5cil is ! in/rum5t by :i* he mu/ hope to obta9 em95ce4 ,:at1 !re=e1 ,i wi% to impress ^u y is1 t :5ev] an opportunity (f]s1 y pa9t y\r /udies in/ead ( draw+ !m4 ,?is w give y su* a facility 9 us+ col\rs1 t 9 "t !y w arrange !mselves "u ! p5cil1 ev5 )\t ! att5tion ( ! h& t conducts x4 ,if "o act exclud$ ! o!r1 ?is advice c\ld n ) any propriety be giv54 ,b if pa9t+ comprises bo? draw+ & col\r+ & if by a %ort /ruggle ( resolute indu/ry ! same exp$ition is atta9able 9 pa9t+ z 9 draw+ on pap]1 ,i _c see :at objection c ju/ly be made to ! practice2 or :y t %\ld be done by p>ts1 :i* may be done altoge!r4 ,if we turn our eyes to ! sev]al s*ools ( pa9t+1 & consid] _! respective excell5ces1 we %all f9d t ^? :o excel mo/ 9 col\r+ pursu$ ?is me?od4 ,! ,v5etian & ,flemi% s*ools1 :i* owe mu* ( _! fame to col\r+1 h enri*$ ! cab9ets ( ! collectors ( draw+s ) v few examples4 ,^? ( ,titian1 ,paul ,v]onese1 ,t9toret1 & ! ,bassans1 are 9 g5]al slight & undet]m9$4 ,_! sket*es on pap] are z rude z _! pictures are excell5t 9 reg>d to h>mony ( col\r+4 ,correggio & ,b>occi h left few1 if any1 f9i%$ draw+s beh9d !m4 ,& 9 ! ,flemi% s*ool1 ,rub5s & ,v&yke made _! designs = ! mo/ "p ei!r 9 col\rs or 9 *i>oscuro4 ,x is z common to f9d /udies ( ! ,v5etian & ,flemi% pa9t]s on canvas1 z ( ! s*ools ( ,rome & ,flor5ce on pap]4 ,n b t _m f9i%$ draw+s are sold "u ! names ( ^? ma/]s4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 are und\bt$ly ! productions ei!r ( engrav]s or ( _! s*ol>s :o copi$ _! works4 ,^! in/ructions ,i h v5tur$ to (f] f my own exp]i5ce2 b z !y deviate widely f receiv$ op9ions1 ,i (f] !m ) diffid5ce2 & :5 bett] are sugge/$1 %all retract !m )\t regret4 ,!re is "o precept1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ,i %all only be oppos$ by ! va91 ! ignorant1 & ! idle4 ,i am n afraid t ,i %all repeat x too (t54 ,y mu/ h no dep5d5ce on y\r own g5ius4 ,if y h great tal5ts1 indu/ry w improve !m3 if y h b mod]ate abilities1 indu/ry w supply _! defici5cy4 ,no?+ is d5i$ to well-direct$ lab\r3 no?+ is to be obta9$ )\t x4 ,n to ent] into metaphysical discussions on ! nature or ess5ce ( g5ius1 ,i w v5ture to ass]t1 t assiduity unabat$ by difficulty1 & a disposition eag]ly direct$ to ! object ( its pursuit1 w produce effects simil> to ^? :i* "s call ! result ( natural p[]s4 ,?\gh a man _c at all times1 & 9 all places1 pa9t or draw1 yet ! m9d c prep>e itself by lay+ 9 prop] mat]ials1 at all times1 & 9 all places4 ,bo? ,livy & ,plut>*1 9 describ+ ,philopoem51 "o ( ! able/ g5]als ( antiquity1 h giv5 u a /rik+ picture ( a m9d always int5t on its pr(ession1 & by assiduity obta9+ ^? excell5ces :i* "s all _! lives va9ly expect f ,nature4 ,i %all quote ! passage 9 ,livy at l5g?1 z x runs p>allel ) ! practice ,i w\ld recomm5d to ! pa9t]1 sculptor1 or ar*itect4 ,philopoem5 0 a man em95t = 8 sagacity & exp]i5ce 9 *oos+ gr\nd1 & 9 lead+ armies2 to :i* he =m$ 8 m9d by p]petual m$itation1 9 times ( peace z well z w>4 ,:51 9 any occasional j\rney1 he came to a /raight difficult passage1 if he 0 alone1 he consid]$ ) himself1 & if he 0 9 company he ask$ 8 fri5ds :at x w\ld be be/ to d if 9 ?is place !y _h f\nd an enemy1 ei!r 9 ! front1 or 9 ! re>1 on ! "o side1 or on ! o!r4 ',x might happ51' says he1 't ! enemy to be oppos$ might come on drawn up 9 regul> l9es1 or 9 a tumultu\s body1 =m$ only by ! nature ( ! place4' ,he !n consid]$ a little :at gr\nd he %\ld take2 :at numb] ( soldi]s he %\ld use1 & :at arms he %\ld give !m2 :]e he %\ld lodge 8 c>riages1 8 baggage1 & ! def5celess foll[]s ( 8 camp2 h[ _m gu>ds1 & ( :at k9d1 he %\ld s5d to def5d !m2 & :e!r x w\ld be bett] to press =w>d along ! pass1 or recov] by retreat 8 =m] /ation3 he w\ld consid] likewise :]e 8 camp c\ld mo/ commodi\sly be =m$2 h[ mu* gr\nd he %\ld enclose )9 8 tr5*es2 :]e he %\ld h ! conv5i5ce ( wat]2 & :]e he might f9d pl5ty ( wood & =age2 & :5 he %\ld break up 8 camp on ! foll[+ day1 ?r\gh :at road he c\ld mo/ safely pass1 & 9 :at =m he %\ld dispose 8 troops4 ,) su* ?\ghts & disquisitions he _h f 8 e>ly ye>s s ex]cis$ 8 m9d1 t on ^! occasions no?+ c\ld happ5 :i* he _h n be5 already accu/om$ to consid]4 ,i _c help imag9+ t ,i see a promis+ "y pa9t]1 equally vigilant1 :e!r at home1 or abroad 9 ! /reets1 or 9 ! fields4 ,e object t pres5ts itself is to him a lesson4 ,he reg>ds all nature ) a view to 8 pr(ession2 & comb9es h] beauties1 or corrects h] defects4 ,he exam9es ! c\nt5ance ( m5 "u ! influ5ce ( passion2 & (t5 cat*es ! mo/ pleas+ h9ts f subjects ( turbul5ce or de=mity4 ,ev5 bad pictures !mselves supply him ) useful docum5ts2 &1 z ,leon>do da ,v9ci has obs]v$1 he improves ^u ! fanciful images t are sometimes se5 9 ! fire1 or are accid5tally sket*$ ^u a discol\r$ wall4 ,! arti/ :o has 8 m9d ?us fill$ ) ideas1 & 8 h& made exp]t by practice1 works ) ease & read9ess2 :il/ he :o w\ld h y believe t he is wait+ = ! inspirations ( g5ius1 is 9 reality at a loss h[ to beam1 & is at la/ deliv]$ ( 8 mon/]s ) difficulty & pa94 ,! well-gr\nd$ pa9t]1 on ! contr>y1 has only maturely to consid] 8 subject1 & all ! me*anical p>ts ( 8 art foll[ )\t 8 ex]tion1 ,consci\s ( ! difficulty ( obta9+ :at he possesses he makes no pret5sions to secrets1 except ^? ( clos] application4 ,)\t conceiv+ ! smalle/ jeal\sy aga9/ o!rs1 he is cont5t$ t all %all be z great z himself :o are will+ to und]go ! same fatigue3 & z 8 pre-em95ce dep5ds n ^u a trick1 he is free f ! pa9ful suspicions ( a juggl]1 :o lives 9 p]petual fe> le/ 8 trick %\ld be discov]$4 ,a ,,disc\rse ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb]1 #ad1 #aggj1 by ! ,presid5t4 ,g5tlem51--,x is n easy to speak ) propriety to s _m /ud5ts ( diff]5t ages & diff]5t degrees ( advancem5t4 ,! m9d requires n\ri%m5t adapt$ to its gr[?2 & :at may h promot$ our e>li] ef=ts1 might1 ret>d u 9 our ne>] approa*es to p]fection4 ,! fir/ endeav\rs ( a "y pa9t]1 z ,i h rem>k$ 9 a =m] disc\rse1 mu/ be employ$ 9 ! atta9m5t ( me*anical dext]ity1 & conf9$ to ! m]e imitation ( ! object be=e him4 ,^? :o h advanc$ beyond ! rudim5ts1 may1 p]haps1 f9d advantage 9 reflect+ on ! advice :i* ,i h likewise giv5 !m1 :5 ,i recomm5d$ ! dilig5t /udy ( ! works ( our great pr$ecessors2 b ,i at ! same "t endeav\r$ to gu>d !m aga9/ an implicit submission to ! au?ority ( any "o ma/]1 h[ev] excell5t2 or by a /rict imitation ( 8 mann]1 to preclude ourselves f ! abundance & v>iety ( nature4 ,i w n[ add t nature h]self is n to be too closely copi$4 ,!re are excell5ces 9 ! art ( pa9t+1 beyond :at is commonly call$ ! imitation ( nature3 & ^! excell5ces ,i wi% to po9t out4 ,! /ud5ts :o1 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! initiatory ex]cises1 are m advanc$ 9 ! art1 & :o1 sure ( _! h&1 h leisure to ex]t _! und]/&+1 mu/ n[ be told t a m]e copi] ( nature c nev] produce any?+ great2 c nev] raise & enl>ge ! conceptions1 or w>m ! he>t ( ! spectator4 ,! wi% ( ! g5u9e pa9t] mu/ be m ext5sive3 in/ead ( endeav\r+ to amuse mank9d ) ! m9ute neatness ( 8 imitations1 he mu/ endeav\r to improve !m by ! gr&eur ( 8 ideas2 in/ead ( seek+ praise1 by deceiv+ ! sup]ficial s5se ( ! spectator1 he mu/ /rive = fame1 by captivat+ ! imag9ation4 ,! pr9ciple n[ laid d[n1 t ! p]fection ( ?is art does n consi/ 9 m]e imitation1 is f> f be+ new or s+ul>4 ,x is1 inde$1 support$ by ! g5]al op9ion ( ! enlight5$ "p ( mank9d4 ,! poets1 orators1 & rhetoricians ( antiquity1 are cont9ually en=c+ ?is position1 t all ! arts receive _! p]fection f an ideal beauty1 sup]ior to :at is to be f\nd 9 individual nature4 ,!y are ev] ref]r+ to ! practice ( ! pa9t]s & sculptors ( _! times1 p>ticul>ly ,phidias 7! fav\rite arti/ ( antiquity71 to illu/rate _! ass]tions4 ,z if !y c\ld n suffici5tly express _! admiration ( 8 g5ius by :at !y knew1 !y h rec\rse to poetical en?usiasm4 ,!y call x inspiration2 a gift f heav54 ,! arti/ is suppos$ to h asc5d$ ! cele/ial regions1 to furni% 8 m9d ) ?is p]fect idea ( beauty4 ,he1 says ,proclus1 :o takes = 8 model su* =ms z nature produces1 & conf9es himself to an exact imitation ( !m1 w nev] atta9 to :at is p]fectly beautiful4 ,= ! works ( nature are full ( disproportion1 & fall v %ort ( ! true /&>d ( beauty4 ,s t ,phidias1 :5 he =m$ 8 ,jupit]1 did n copy any object ev] pres5ts to 8 sight2 b contemplat$ only t image :i* he _h conceiv$ 9 8 m9d f ,hom]'s description4 ,& ?us ,cic]o1 speak+ ( ! same ,phidias3 ,nei!r did ?is arti/1 says he1 :5 he c>v$ ! image ( ,jupit] or ,m9]va1 set be=e him any "o human figure z a patt]n1 :i* he 0 to copy2 b hav+ a m p]fect idea ( beauty fix$ 9 8 m9d1 ?is he /eadily contemplat$1 & to ! imitation ( ?is all 8 skill & lab\r 7 direct$4 ,! mod]ns are n less conv9c$ ?an ! anci5ts ( ?is sup]ior p[] exi/+ 9 ! art2 nor less consci\s ( its effects4 ,e language has adopt$ t]ms expressive ( ?is excell5ce4 ,! ,gu/o gr&e ( ! ,italians2 ! ,beau ideal ( ! ,fr5* & ! great /yle1 g5ius1 & ta/e among ! ,engli%1 are b diff]5t appellations ( ! same ?+4 ,x is ?is intellectual dignity1 !y say1 t ennobles ! pa9t]'s art2 t lays ! l9e betwe5 him & ! m]e me*anic2 & produces ^? great effects 9 an in/ant1 :i* eloqu5ce & poetry1 by sl[ & repeat$ ef=ts1 are sc>cely able to atta94 ,su* is ! w>m? ) :i* bo? ! anci5ts & mod]ns speak ( ?is div9e pr9ciple ( ! art2 b1 z ,i h =m]ly obs]v$1 en?usia/ic admiration seldom promotes k4 ,?\gh a /ud5t by su* praise may h 8 att5tion r\s$1 & a desire excit$1 ( runn+ 9 ?is great c>e]1 yet x is possible t :at has be5 said to excite1 may only s]ve to det] him4 ,he exam9es 8 own m9d1 & p]ceives !re no?+ ( t div9e inspiration ) :i* he is told s _m o!rs h be5 fav\r$4 ,he nev] travell$ to heav5 to ga!r new ideas2 & he f9ds himself possess$ ( no o!r qualifications ?an :at m]e common obs]vation & a pla9 und]/&+ c conf]4 ,?us he becomes gloomy amid/ ! spl5d\r ( figurative declamation1 & ?9ks x hopeless to pursue an object :i* he supposes out ( ! rea* ( human indu/ry4 ,b on ?is1 z ^u _m o!r occasions1 we ought to di/+ui% h[ mu* is to be giv5 to en?usiasm1 & h[ mu* to reason4 ,we ought to all[ =1 & we ought to comm5d1 t /r5g? ( vivid expression :i* is necess>y to convey1 9 its full =ce1 ! highe/ s5se ( ! mo/ complete effect ( art2 tak+ c>e at ! same "t n to lose 9 t]ms ( vague admiration t solidity & tru? ( pr9ciple ^u :i* alone we c reason1 & may be enabl$ to practise4 ,x is n easy to def9e 9 :at ?is great /yle consi/s2 nor to describe1 by words1 ! prop] means ( acquir+ x1 if ! m9d ( ! /ud5t %\ld be at all capable ( su* an acquisition4 ,c\ld we tea* ta/e or g5ius by rules1 !y w\ld be no long] ta/e & g5ius4 ,b ?\gh !re nei!r are1 nor c be1 any precise inv>iable rules = ! ex]cise or ! acquisition ( ^? great qualities1 yet we may z truly say t !y always op]ate 9 proportion to our att5tion 9 obs]v+ ! works ( nature1 to our skill 9 select+1 & to our c>e 9 dige/+1 me?odis+1 & comp>+ our obs]vations4 ,!re are _m beauties 9 our art1 t seem1 at fir/1 to lie )\t ! rea* ( precept1 & yet may easily be r$uc$ to practical pr9ciples4 ,exp]i5ce is all 9 all2 b x is n e "o :o pr(its by exp]i5ce2 & mo/ p err1 n s mu* f want ( capacity to f9d _! object1 z f n kn[+ :at object to pursue4 ,?is great ideal p]fection & beauty are n to be s\ght 9 ! heav5s1 b ^u ! e>?4 ,!y are ab\t u1 & ^u e side ( u4 ,b ! p[] ( discov]+ :at is de=m$ 9 nature1 or 9 o!r words1 :at is p>ticul> & uncommon1 c be acquir$ only by exp]i5ce2 & ! :ole beauty & gr&eur ( ! art consi/s1 9 my op9ion1 9 be+ able to get above all s+ul> =ms1 local cu/oms1 p>ticul>ities1 & details ( e k9d4 ,all ! objects :i* are exhibit$ to our view by nature1 ^u close exam9ation w be f\nd to h _! blemi%es & defects4 ,! mo/ beautiful =ms h some?+ ab\t !m l weakness1 m9ut5ess1 or imp]fection4 ,b x is n e eye t p]ceives ^! blemi%es4 ,x mu/ be an eye long us$ to ! contemplation & comp>ison ( ^! =ms2 & :i*1 by a long habit ( obs]v+ :at any set ( objects ( ! same k9d h 9 common1 t alone c acquire ! p[] ( disc]n+ :at ea* wants 9 p>ticul>4 ,?is long labori\s comp>ison %\ld be ! fir/ /udy ( ! pa9t] :o aims at ! greate/ /yle4 ,by ?is means1 he acquires a j idea ( beautiful =ms2 he corrects nature by h]self1 h] imp]fect /ate by h] m p]fect4 ,8 eye be+ enabl$ to di/+ui% ! accid5tal defici5cies1 excresc5ces1 & de=mities ( ?+s f _! g5]al figures1 he makes out an ab/ract idea ( _! =ms m p]fect ?an any "o orig9al2 & :at may seem a p>adox1 he le>ns to design naturally by draw+ 8 figures unlike to any "o object4 ,?is idea ( ! p]fect /ate ( nature1 :i* ! arti/ calls ! ideal beauty1 is ! great lead+ pr9ciple by :i* works ( g5ius are conduct$4 ,by ?is ,phidias acquir$ 8 fame4 ,he wr\ght ^u a sob] pr9ciple :at has s mu* excit$ ! en?usiasm ( ! _w2 & by ?is me?od y1 :o h c\rage to tread ! same pa?1 may acquire equal reputation4 ,?is is ! idea :i* has acquir$1 & :i* seems to h a "r to ! epi!t ( ,div9e2 z x may be said to preside1 l a supreme judge1 ov] all ! productions ( nature2 appe>+ to be possess$ ( ! w & int5tion ( ! ,creator1 z f> z !y reg>d ! ext]nal =m ( liv+ be+s4 ,:5 a man once possesses ?is idea 9 its p]fection1 !re is no dang] b t he w he suffici5tly w>m$ by x himself1 & be able to w>m & ravi% e "o else4 ,?us x is f a reit]at$ exp]i5ce1 & a close comp>ison ( ! objects 9 nature1 t an arti/ becomes possess$ ( ! idea ( t c5tral =m1 if ,i may s express x1 f :i* e deviation is de=mity4 ,b ! inve/igation ( ?is =m ,i grant is pa9ful1 & ,i "k b ( "o me?od ( %ort5+ ! road2 ?is is1 by a c>eful /udy ( ! works ( ! anci5t sculptors2 :o1 be+ indefatigable 9 ! s*ool ( nature1 h left models ( t p]fect =m beh9d !m1 :i* an arti/ w\ld pref] z supremely beautiful1 :o _h sp5t 8 :ole life 9 t s+le contemplation4 ,b if indu/ry c>ri$ !m ?us f>1 may n y also hope = ! same rew>d f ! same lab\r8 ,we h ! same s*ool op5$ to u t 0 op5$ to !m2 = nature d5ies h] in/ructions to none :o desire to become h] pupils4 ,to ! pr9ciple ,i h laid d[n1 t ! idea ( beauty 9 ea* species ( be+s is inv>iably "o1 x may be object$ t 9 e p>ticul> species !re are v>i\s c5tral =ms1 :i* are sep>ate & di/9ct f ea* o!r1 & yet are und5iably beautiful2 t 9 ! human figure1 = in/ance1 ! beauty ( ! ,h]cules is "o1 ( ! gladiator ano!r1 ( ! ,apollo ano!r1 :i* makes s _m diff]5t ideas ( beauty4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ^! figures are ea* p]fect 9 _! k9d1 ?\gh ( diff]5t *>act]s & proportions2 b /ill none ( !m is ! repres5tation ( an individual1 b ( a class4 ,& z !re is "o g5]al =m1 :i*1 z ,i h said1 belongs to ! human k9d at l>ge1 s 9 ea* ( ^! classes !re is "o common idea & c5tral =m1 :i* is ! ab/ract ( ! v>i\s individual =ms belong+ to t class4 ,?us1 ?\gh ! =ms ( *ildhood & age diff] exce$+ly1 !re is a common =m 9 *ildhood1 & a common =m 9 age1--:i* is ! m p]fect1 z x is m remote f all peculi>ities4 ,b ,i mu/ add fur!r1 t ?\gh ! mo/ p]fect =ms ( ea* ( ! g5]al divisions ( ! human figure are ideal1 & sup]ior to any individual =m ( t class1 yet ! highe/ p]fection ( ! human figure is n to be f\nd 9 any "o ( !m4 ,x is n 9 ! ,h]cules1 nor 9 ! gladiator1 nor 9 ! ,apollo2 b 9 t =m :i* is tak5 f !m all1 & :i* p>takes equally ( ! activity ( ! gladiator1 ( ! delicacy ( ! ,apollo1 & ( ! muscul> /r5g? ( ! ,h]cules4 ,= p]fect beauty 9 any species mu/ comb9e all ! *>act]s :i* are beautiful 9 t species4 ,x _c consi/ 9 any "o to ! exclusion ( ! re/3 no "o1 !re=e1 mu/ be pr$om9ant1 t no "o may be defici5t4 ,! k ( ^! diff]5t *>act]s1 & ! p[] ( sep>at+ & di/+ui%+ !m1 is und\bt$ly necess>y to ! pa9t]1 :o is to v>y 8 compositions ) figures ( v>i\s =ms & proportions1 ?\gh he is nev] to lose sight ( ! g5]al idea ( p]fection 9 ea* k9d4 ,!re is1 likewise1 a k9d ( symmetry or proportion1 :i* may prop]ly be said to belong to de=mity4 ,a figure lean or corpul5t1 tall or %ort1 ?\gh deviat+ f beauty1 may /ill h a c]ta9 union ( ! v>i\s p>ts1 :i* may contribute to make !m1 on ! :ole1 n unpleas+4 ,:5 ! arti/ has by dilig5t att5tion acquir$ a cle> & di/9ct idea ( beauty & symmetry2 :5 he has r$uc$ ! v>iety ( nature to ! ab/ract idea2 8 next task w be to become acqua9t$ ) ! g5u9e habits ( nature1 z di/+ui%$ f ^? ( fa%ion4 ,= 9 ! same mann]1 & on ! same pr9ciples1 z he has acquir$ ! k ( ! real =ms ( nature1 di/9ct f accid5tal de=mity1 he mu/ endeav\r to sep>ate simple *a/e nature f ^? adv5titi\s1 ^? affect$ & =c$ airs or actions1 ) :i* %e is load$ by mod]n education4 ,p]haps ,i _c bett] expla9 :at ,i mean ?an by rem9d+ y ( :at 0 taught u by ! ,pr(essor ( ,anatomy1 9 respect to ! natural position & movem5t ( ! feet4 ,he obs]v$ t ! fa%ion ( turn+1 !m outw>ds 0 contr>y to ! int5t ( nature1 z might be se5 f ! /ructure ( ! bones1 & f ! weakness t proce$$ f t mann] ( /&+4 ,to ?is we may add ! erect position ( ! head1 ! projection ( ! *e/1 ! walk+ ) /raight knees1 & _m su* actions1 :i* are m]ely ! result ( fa%ion1 & :at nature nev] w>rant$1 z we are sure t we h be5 taught !m :5 *ildr54 ,i h m5tion$ b a few ( ^? in/ances1 9 :i* vanity or caprice h contriv$ to di/ort & disfigure ! human =m2 y\r own recollection w add to ^! a ?\s& m ( ill-und]/ood me?ods1 t h be5 practis$ to disguise nature1 among our danc+-ma/]s1 hair-dress]s1 & tailors1 9 _! v>i\s s*ools ( de=mity4 ,h[ev] ! me*anic & ornam5tal arts may sacrifice to fa%ion1 %e mu/ be entirely exclud$ f ! art ( pa9t+2 ! pa9t] mu/ nev] mi/ake ?is caprici\s *angel+ = ! g5u9e (fspr+ ( nature2 he mu/ dive/ himself ( all prejudices 9 fav\r ( 8 age or c\ntry2 he mu/ disreg>d all local & tempor>y ornam5ts1 & look only on ^? g5]al habits t are ev]y:]e & always ! same4 ,he addresses 8 works to ! p ( e c\ntry & e age2 he calls ^u po/]ity to be 8 spectators1 & says ) ,zeuxis1 ,9 aet]nitatem p+o4 ,! neglect ( sep>at+ mod]n fa%ions f ! habits ( nature1 leads to t ridicul\s /yle :i* has be5 practis$ by "s pa9t]s :o h giv5 to ,grecian h]oes ! airs & graces practis$ 9 ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 an absurdity almo/ z great z x w\ld h be5 to h dress$ !m aft] ! fa%ion ( t c\rt4 ,to avoid ?is error1 h[ev]1 & to reta9 ! true simplicity ( nature1 is a task m difficult ?an at fir/ sight x may appe>4 ,! prejudices 9 fav\r ( ! fa%ions & cu/oms t we h be5 us$ to1 & :i* are ju/ly call$ a second nature1 make x too (t5 difficult to di/+ui% t :i* is natural f t :i* is ! result ( education2 !y frequ5tly ev5 give a pr$ilection 9 fav\r ( ! artificial mode2 & almo/ e "o is apt to be guid$ by ^? local prejudices :o has n *a/is$ 8 m9d1 & regulat$ ! in/ability ( 8 affections1 by ! et]nal inv>iable idea ( nature4 ,"h1 !n1 z be=e1 we mu/ h rec\rse to ! anci5ts z in/ructors4 ,x is f a c>eful /udy ( _! works t y w be enabl$ to atta9 to ! real simplicity ( nature2 !y w sugge/ _m obs]vations1 :i* w\ld probably escape y1 if y\r /udy 7 conf9$ to nature alone4 ,&1 inde$1 ,i _c help suspect+1 t 9 ?is in/ance ! anci5ts _h an easi] task ?an ! mod]ns4 ,!y _h1 probably1 little or no?+ to unle>n1 z _! mann]s 7 ne>ly approa*+ to ?is desirable simplicity2 :ile ! mod]n arti/1 be=e he c see ! tru? ( ?+s1 is oblig$ to remove a veil1 ) :i* ! fa%ion ( ! times has ?\ght prop] to cov] h]4 ,hav+ gone ?us f> 9 our inve/igation ( ! great /yle 9 pa9t+2 if we n[ %\ld suppose t ! arti/ has =m$ ! true idea ( beauty1 :i* enables him to give 8 works a correct & p]fect design2 if we %\ld suppose also t he has acquir$ a k ( ! unadult]at$ habits ( nature1 :i* gives him simplicity2 ! re/ ( 8 talk is1 p]haps1 less ?an is g5]ally imag9$4 ,beauty & simplicity h s great a %>e 9 ! composition ( a great /yle1 t he :o has acquir$ !m has little else to le>n4 ,x mu/ n1 inde$1 be =got t !re is a nobl5ess ( conception1 :i* goes beyond any?+ 9 ! m]e exhibition1 ev5 ( p]fect =m2 !re is an art ( animat+ & dignify+ ! figures ) intellectual gr&eur1 ( impress+ ! appe>ance ( philosophic wisdom or h]oic virtue4 ,?is c only be acquir$ by him t enl>ges ! sph]e ( 8 und]/&+ by a v>iety ( k1 & w>ms 8 imag9ation ) ! be/ productions ( anci5t & mod]n poetry4 ,a h& ?us ex]cis$1 & a m9d ?us in/ruct$1 w br+ ! art to a high] degree ( excell5ce ?an1 p]haps1 x has hi!rto atta9$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,su* a /ud5t w disda9 ! humbl] walks ( pa9t+1 :i*1 h[ev] pr(itable1 c nev] assure him a p]man5t reputation4 ,he w leave ! mean] arti/ s]vilely to suppose t ^? are ! be/ pictures :i* are mo/ likely to deceive ! spectator4 ,he w p]mit ! l[] pa9t]1 l ! flori/ or collector ( %ells1 to exhibit ! m9ute discrim9ations :i* di/+ui% "o object ( ! same species f ano!r2 :ile he1 l ! philosoph]1 w consid] nature 9 ! ab/ract1 & repres5t 9 e "o ( 8 figures ! "* ( its species4 ,if deceiv+ ! eye 7 ! only bus9ess ( ! art1 !re is no d\bt1 inde$1 b ! m9ute pa9t] w\ld be m apt to succe$3 b x is n ! eye1 x is ! m9d1 :i* ! pa9t] ( g5ius desires to address2 nor w he wa/e a mom5t ^u ^! small] objects1 :i* only s]ve to cat* ! s5se1 to divide ! att5tion1 & to c\nt]act 8 great design ( speak+ to ! he>t4 ,?is is ! ambition ,i c\ld wi% to excite 9 y\r m9ds2 & ! object ,i h _h 9 my view1 ?r\gh\t ?is disc\rse1 is t "o great idea :i* gives to pa9t+ its true dignity1 t entitles x to ! "n ( a ,lib]al ,art1 & ranks x z a si/] ( poetry4 ,x may possibly h happ5$ to _m "y /ud5ts ^: application 0 suffici5t to ov]come all difficulties1 & ^: m9ds 7 capable ( embrac+ ! mo/ ext5sive views1 t !y h1 by a wrong direction orig9ally giv51 sp5t _! lives 9 ! mean] walks ( pa9t+1 )\t ev] kn[+ !re 0 a nobl] to pursue4 ,alb]t ,dur]1 z ,vas>i has ju/ly rem>k$1 w\ld probably h be5 "o ( ! fir/ pa9t]s ( 8 age 7& he liv$ 9 an era ( great arti/s7 _h he be5 initiat$ into ^? great pr9ciples ( ! art :i* 7 s well und]/ood & practis$ by 8 contempor>ies 9 ,italy4 ,b unluckily1 hav+ nev] se5 or he>d ( any o!r mann]1 he consid]$ 8 own1 )\t d\bt1 z p]fect4 ,z = ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( pa9t+1 :i* d n presume to make su* high pret5sions1 !y are _m4 ,none ( !m are )\t _! m]it1 ?\gh none ent] into competition ) ?is great univ]sal presid+ idea ( ! art4 ,! pa9t]s :o h appli$ !mselves m p>ticul>ly to l[ & vulg> *>act]s1 & :o express ) precision ! v>i\s %ades ( passion1 z !y are exhibit$ by vulg> m9ds 7su* z we see 9 ! works ( ,hog>?7 des]ve great praise2 b z _! g5ius has be5 employ$ on l[ & conf9$ subjects1 ! praise t we give mu/ be z limit$ z its object4 ,! m]rymak+ or qu>rell+ ( ! ,boors ( ,t5i]s2 ! same sort ( productions ( ,br\w]1 or ,o/ade1 are excell5t 9 _! k9d2 & ! excell5ce & its praise w be 9 proportion1 z1 9 ^? limit$ subjects & peculi> =ms1 !y introduce m or less ( ! expression ( ^? passions1 z !y appe> 9 g5]al & m enl>g$ nature4 ,?is pr9ciple may be appli$ to ! battle pieces ( ,b\rgognone1 ! ,fr5* gallantries ( ,watteau1 & ev5 beyond ! exhibition ( animal life1 to ! l&scapes ( ,claude ,lorra9e1 & ! sea-views ( ,v&]velde4 ,all ^! pa9t]s h1 9 g5]al1 ! same "r1 9 diff]5t degrees1 to ! "n ( a pa9t]1 :i* a satiri/1 an epigrammati/1 a sonnette]1 a writ] ( pa/orals1 or descriptive poetry1 has to t ( a poet4 ,9 ! same rank1 &1 p]haps1 ( n s great m]it1 is ! cold pa9t] ( portraits4 ,b 8 correct & j imitation ( 8 object has its m]it4 ,ev5 ! pa9t] ( /ill life1 ^: highe/ ambition is to give a m9ute repres5tation ( e "p ( ^? l[ objects1 :i* he sets be=e him1 des]ves praise 9 proportion to 8 atta9m5t2 because no "p ( ?is excell5t art1 s mu* ! ornam5t ( poli%$ life1 is de/itute ( value & use4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are by no means ! views to :i* ! m9d ( ! /ud5t ought to be prim>ily direct$4 ,by aim+ at bett] ?+s1 if f p>ticul> incl9ation1 or f ! ta/e ( ! "t & place he lives 91 or f necessity1 or f failure 9 ! highe/ attempts1 he is oblig$ to desc5d l[]2 he w br+ into ! l[] sph]e ( art a gr&eur ( composition & "* t w raise & ennoble 8 works f> above _! natural rank4 ,a man is n weak1 ?\gh he may n be able to wield ! club ( ,h]cules2 nor does a man always practise t :i* he e/eems ! beat2 b does t :i* he c be/ d4 ,9 mod]ate attempts1 !re are _m walks op5 to ! arti/4 ,b z ! idea ( beauty is ( necessity b "o1 s !re c be b "o great mode ( pa9t+2 ! lead+ pr9ciple ( :i* ,i h endeav\r$ to expla94 ,i %\ld be sorry if :at is "h recomm5d$ %\ld be at all und]/ood to c\nt5ance a c>eless or indet]m9$ mann] ( pa9t+4 ,= ?\gh ! pa9t] is to ov]look ! accid5tal discrim9ations ( nature1 he is to pron\nce di/9ctly1 & ) precision1 ! g5]al =ms ( ?+s4 ,a firm & det]m9$ outl9e is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! great /yle 9 pa9t+2 &1 let me add1 t he :o possesses ! k ( ! exact =m1 t e "p ( nature ought to h1 w be fond ( express+ t k ) correctness & precision 9 all 8 works4 ,to conclude3 ,i h endeav\r$ to r$uce ! idea ( beauty to g5]al pr9ciples4 ,& ,i _h ! pleasure to obs]ve t ! pr(essor ( pa9t+ proce$$ 9 ! same me?od1 :5 he %[$ y t ! artifice ( contra/ 0 f\nd$ b on "o pr9ciple4 ,& ,i am conv9c$ t ?is is ! only means ( advanc+ sci5ce1 ( cle>+ ! m9d f a confus$ heap ( contradictory obs]vations1 t d b p]plex & puzzle ! /ud5t :5 he comp>es !m1 or misguide him if he gives himself up to _! au?ority2 b br++ !m "u "o g5]al head c alone give re/ & satisfaction to an inquisitive m9d4 ,a ,,disc\rse ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #agga1 by ! ,presid5t4 ,g5tlem51--,! value & rank ( e art is 9 proportion to ! m5tal lab\r employ$ 9 x1 or ! m5tal pleasure produc$ by x4 ,z ?is pr9ciple is obs]v$ or neglect$1 our pr(ession becomes ei!r a lib]al art or a me*anical trade4 ,9 ! h&s ( "o man x makes ! highe/ pret5sions1 z x is address$ to ! noble/ faculties1 ,9 ^? ( ano!r x is r$uc$ to a m]e matt] ( ornam5t1 & ! pa9t] has b ! humble prov9ce ( furni%+ our ap>tm5ts ) elegance4 ,?is ex]tion ( m9d1 :i* is ! only circum/ance t truly ennobles our art1 makes ! great di/9ction betwe5 ! ,roman & ,v5etian s*ools4 ,i h =m]ly obs]v$ t p]fect =m is produc$ by leav+ out p>ticul>ities1 & reta9+ only g5]al ideas4 ,i %all n[ endeav\r to %[ t ?is pr9ciple1 :i* ,i h prov$ to be metaphysically j1 ext5ds itself to e "p ( ! art2 t x gives :at is call$ ! gr& /yle to inv5tion1 to composition1 to expression1 & ev5 to col\r+ & drap]y4 ,inv5tion 9 pa9t+ does n imply ! inv5tion ( ! subject1 = t is commonly suppli$ by ! poet or hi/orian4 ,) respect to ! *oice1 no subject c be prop] t is n g5]ally int]e/+4 ,x ought to be ei!r "s em95t in/ance ( h]oic action or h]oic suff]+4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ ei!r 9 ! action or 9 ! object 9 :i* m5 are univ]sally conc]n$1 & :i* p[]fully /rikes ^u ! public sympa?y4 ,/rictly speak+1 inde$1 no subject c be ( univ]sal1 h>dly c x be ( g5]al conc]n3 b !re are ev5ts & *>act]s s popul>ly kn[n 9 ^? c\ntries :]e our art is 9 reque/1 t !y may be consid]$ z suffici5tly g5]al = all our purposes4 ,su* are ! great ev5ts ( ,greek & ,roman fable & hi/ory1 :i* e>ly education & ! usual c\rse ( read+ h made famili> & int]e/+ to all ,europe1 )\t be+ degrad$ by ! vulg>ism ( ord9>y life 9 any c\ntry4 ,su*1 too1 are ! capital subjects ( ,scripture hi/ory1 :i*1 besides _! g5]al notoriety1 become v5]able by _! connection ) our religion4 ,z x is requir$ t ! subject select$ %\ld be a g5]al "o1 x is no less necess>y t x %\ld be kept unemb>rass$ ) :atev] may any way s]ve to divide ! att5tion ( ! spectator4 ,:5ev] a /ory is relat$1 e man =ms a picture 9 8 m9d ( ! action & ! expression ( ! p]sons employ$4 ,! p[] ( repres5t+ ?is m5tal picture 9 canvas is :at we call inv5tion 9 a pa9t]4 ,& z 9 ! conception ( ?is ideal picture ! m9d does n ent] into ! m9ute peculi>ities ( ! dress1 furniture1 or sc5e ( action1 s :5 ! pa9t] comes to repres5t x he contrives ^? little necess>y concomitant circum/ances 9 su* a mann] t !y %all /rike ! spectator no m ?an !y did himself 9 8 fir/ conception ( ! /ory4 ,i am v ready to all[ t "s circum/ances ( m9ut5ess & p>ticul>ity frequ5tly t5d to give an air ( tru? to a piece1 & to int]e/ ! spectator 9 an extraord9>y mann]4 ,su* circum/ances1 !re=e1 _c :olly be reject$2 b if !re be any?+ 9 ! art :i* requires peculi> nicety ( disc]nm5t1 x is ! disposition ( ^! m9ute circum/antial p>ts :i*1 accord+ to ! judgm5t employ$ 9 ! *oice1 become s useful to tru? or s injuri\s to gr&eur4 ,h[ev]1 ! usual & mo/ dang]\s error is on ! side ( m9ut5ess1 &1 !re=e1 ,i ?9k caution mo/ necess>y :]e mo/ h fail$4 ,! g5]al idea con/itutes real excell5ce4 ,all small] ?+s1 h[ev] p]fect 9 _! way1 are to be sacrific$ )\t m]cy to ! great]4 ,! pa9t] w n inquire :at ?+s may be admitt$ )\t mu* c5sure4 ,he w n ?9k x en\gh to %[ t !y may be !re2 he w %[ t !y mu/ be !re1 t _! abs5ce w\ld r5d] 8 picture maim$ & defective4 ,?us1 ?\gh to ! pr9cipal gr\p a second or ?ird be add$1 & a second & ?ird mass ( light1 c>e mu/ be yet tak5 t ^! subord9ate actions & lights1 nei!r ea* 9 p>ticul>1 nor all toge!r1 come into any degree ( competition ) ! pr9cipal2 !y %\ld make a "p ( t :ole :i* w\ld be imp]fect )\t !m4 ,to e "p ( pa9t+ ?is rule may be appli$4 ,ev5 9 portraits1 ! grace &1 we may add1 ! lik5ess1 consi/s m 9 tak+ ! g5]al air ?an 9 obs]v+ ! effect similitude ( e feature4 ,?us figures mu/ h a gr\nd :]eon to /&2 !y mu/ be clo!d1 !re mu/ be a backgr\nd1 !re mu/ be light & %ad[2 b none ( ^! ought to appe> to h tak5 up any "p ( ! arti/'s att5tion4 ,!y %\ld be s manag$ z n ev5 to cat* t ( ! spectator4 ,we "k well en\gh1 :5 we analyse a piece1 ! difficulty & ! subtlety ) :i* an arti/ adju/s ! backgr\nd1 drap]y1 & masses ( light2 we "k t a consid]able "p ( ! grace & effect ( 8 picture dep5ds ^u !m2 b ?is art is s mu* conceal$1 ev5 to a judici\s eye1 t no rema9s ( any ( ^! subord9ate p>ts occur to memory :5 ! picture is n pres5t4 ,! great end ( ! art is to /rike ! imag9ation4 ,! pa9t] is1 !re=e1 to make no o/5tation ( ! means by :i* ?is is done2 ! spectator is only to feel ! result 9 8 bosom4 ,an inf]ior arti/ is unwill+ t any "p ( 8 indu/ry %\ld be lo/ ^u ! spectator4 ,he takes z mu* pa9s to discov]1 z ! great] arti/ does to conceal1 ! m>ks ( 8 subord9ate assiduity4 ,9 works ( ! l[] k9d ev]y?+ appe>s /udi$ & encumb]$2 x is all boa/ful art & op5 affectation4 ,! ignorant (t5 "p f su* pictures ) wond] 9 _! m\?s1 & indiff]5ce 9 _! he>ts4 ,b x is n en\gh 9 inv5tion t ! arti/ %\ld re/ra9 & keep "u all ! inf]ior p>ts ( 8 subject2 he mu/ sometimes deviate f vulg> & /rict hi/orical tru? 9 pursu+ ! gr&eur ( 8 design4 ,h[ mu* ! great /yle exacts f its pr(essors to conceive & repres5t _! subjects 9 a poetical mann]1 n conf9$ to m]e matt] ( fact1 may be se5 9 ! c>toons ( ,raffaelle4 ,9 all ! pictures 9 :i* ! pa9t] has repres5t$ ! apo/les1 he has drawn !m ) great nobl5ess2 he has giv5 !m z mu* dignity z ! human figure is capable ( receiv+ yet we are expressly told 9 ,scripture !y _h no su* respectable appe>ance2 & ( ,/4 ,paul 9 p>ticul>1 we are told by himself1 t 8 bodily pres5ce 0 mean4 ,alex&] is said to h be5 ( a l[ /ature3 a pa9t] ought n s to repres5t him4 ,agesilaus 0 l[1 lame1 & ( a mean appe>ance4 ,none ( ^! defects ought to appe> 9 a piece ( :i* he is ! h]o4 ,9 con=mity to cu/om1 ,i call ?is "p ( ! art hi/ory pa9t+2 x ought to be call$ poetical1 z 9 reality x is4 ,all ?is is n falsify+ any fact2 x is tak+ an all[$ poetical lic5ce4 ,a pa9t] ( portraits reta9s ! individual lik5ess2 a pa9t] ( hi/ory %[s ! man by %[+ 8 actions4 ,a pa9t] mu/ comp5sate ! natural defici5cies ( 8 art4 ,he has b "o s5t5ce to utt]1 b "o mom5t to exhibit4 ,he _c1 l ! poet or hi/orian1 expatiate1 & impress ! m9d ) great v5]ation = ! "* ( ! h]o or sa9t he repres5ts1 ?\gh he lets u "k at ! same "t t ! sa9t 0 de=m$1 or ! h]o lame4 ,! pa9t] has no o!r means ( giv+ an idea ( ! dignity ( ! m9d1 b by t ext]nal appe>ance :i* gr&eur ( ?\ght does g5]ally1 ?\gh n always1 impress on ! c\nt5ance1 & by t correspond5ce ( figure to s5tim5t & situation :i* all m5 wi%1 b _c comm&4 ,! pa9t]1 :o may 9 ?is "o p>ticul> atta9 ) ease :at o!rs desire 9 va91 ought to give all t he possibly c1 s9ce !re are s _m circum/ances ( true greatness t he _c give at all4 ,he _c make 8 h]o talk l a great man2 he mu/ make him look l "o4 ,= :i* reason he ought to be well /udi$ 9 ! analysis ( ^? circum/ances :i* con/itute dignity ( appe>ance 9 real life4 ,z 9 inv5tion1 s likewise 91 expression1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to run into p>ticul>ities1 ,^? expressions alone %\ld be giv5 to ! figures :i* _! respective situations g5]ally produce4 ,nor is ?is en\gh2 ea* p]son %\ld also h t expression :i* m5 ( 8 rank g5]ally exhibit4 ,! joy or ! grief ( a "* ( dignity is n to be express$ 9 ! same mann] z a simil> passion 9 a vulg> face4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple ,b]n9i1 p]haps1 may be subject to c5sure4 ,?is sculptor1 9 _m respects admirable1 has giv5 a v mean expression to 8 /atue ( ,david1 :o is repres5t$ z j go+ to ?r[ ! /one f ! sl+2 & 9 ord] to give x ! expression ( en]gy he has made him bit+ 8 "u-lip4 ,?is expression is f> f be+ g5]al1 & /ill f>!r f be+ dignifi$4 ,he might h se5 x 9 an in/ance or two1 & he mi/ook accid5t = univ]sality4 ,) respect to col\r+1 ?\gh x may appe> at fir/ a "p ( pa9t+ m]ely me*anical1 yet x /ill has its rules1 & ^? gr\nd$ ^u t presid+ pr9ciple :i* regulates bo? ! great & ! little 9 ! /udy ( a pa9t]4 ,by ?is1 ! fir/ effect ( ! picture is produc$2 & z ?is is p]=m$ ! spectator1 z he walks ! gall]y1 w /op1 or pass along4 ,to give a g5]al air ( gr&eur at fir/ view1 all trifl+ or artful play ( little lights or an att5tion to a v>iety ( t9ts is to be avoid$2 a quietness & simplicity mu/ reign ov] ! :ole "w2 to :i* a bread? ( uni=m & simple col\r w v mu* contribute4 ,gr&eur ( effect is produc$ by two diff]5t ways1 :i* seem entirely oppos$ to ea* o!r4 ,"o is1 by r$uc+ ! col\rs to little m ?an *i>oscuro1 :i* 0 (t5 ! practice ( ! ,bolognian s*ools2 & ! o!r1 by mak+ ! col\rs v di/9ct & =cible1 su* z we see 9 ^? ( ,rome & ,flor5ce2 b /ill1 ! presid+ pr9ciple ( bo? ^? mann]s is simplicity4 ,c]ta9ly1 no?+ c be m simple ?an monotony1 & ! di/9ct blue1 r$1 & yell[ col\rs :i* are se5 9 ! drap]ies ( ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e s*ools1 ?\gh !y h n t k9d ( h>mony :i* is produc$ by a v>iety ( brok5 & transp>5t col\rs1 h t effect ( gr&eur t 0 int5d$4 ,p]haps ^! di/9ct col\rs /rike ! m9d m =cibly1 f !re n be+ any great union betwe5 !m2 z m>tial music1 :i* is int5d$ to r\se ! noble passions1 has its effect f ! sudd5 & /rongly m>k$ transitions f "o note to ano!r1 :i* t /yle ( music requires2 :il/ 9 t :i* is int5d$ to move ! s(t] passions ! notes imp]ceptibly melt into "o ano!r4 ,9 ! same mann] z ! hi/orical pa9t] nev] ent]s into ! detail ( col\rs1 s nei!r does he debase 8 conceptions ) m9ute att5tion to ! discrim9ations ( drap]y4 ,x is ! inf]ior /yle t m>ks ! v>iety ( /uffs4 ,) him1 ! clo?+ is nei!r wooll51 nor l951 nor silk1 sat91 or velvet3 x is drap]y2 x is no?+ m4 ,! art ( dispos+ ! fold+s ( ! drap]y make a v consid]able "p ( ! pa9t]'s /udy4 ,to make x m]ely natural is a me*anical op]ation1 to :i* nei!r g5ius or ta/e are requir$2 :]eas1 x requires ! nice/ judgm5t to dispose ! drap]y1 s t ! folds h an easy communication1 & gracefully foll[ ea* o!r1 ) su* natural neglig5ce z to look l ! effect ( *ance1 & at ! same "t %[ ! figure "u x to ! utmo/ advantage4 ,c>lo ,m>atti 0 ( op9ion t ! disposition ( drap]y 0 a m difficult art ?an ev5 t ( draw+ ! human figure2 t a /ud5t might be m easily taught ! latt] ?an ! =m]2 z ! rules ( drap]y1 he said1 c\ld n be s well asc]ta9$ z ^? = del9eat+ a correct =m1 ,?is1 p]haps1 is a pro( h[ will+ly we fav\r our own peculi> excell5ce4 ,c>lo ,m>atti is said to h valu$ himself p>ticul>ly ^u 8 skill 9 ?is "p ( ! art yet 9 him ! disposition appe>s s artificial1 t he is inf]ior to ,raffaelle1 ev5 9 t :i* gave him 8 be/ claim to reputation4 ,su* is ! great pr9ciple by :i* we mu/ be direct$ 9 ! nobl] bran*es ( our art4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple ! ,roman1 ! ,flor5t9e1 ! ,bolognese s*ools1 h =m$ _! practice2 & by ?is !y h des]v$ly obta9$ ! highe/ praise4 ,^! are ! ?ree great s*ools ( ! _w 9 ! epic /yle4 ,! be/ ( ! ,fr5* s*ool1 ,p\ss91 ,le ,sueur1 & ,le ,brun1 h =m$ !mselves ^u ^! models1 & consequ5tly may be said1 ?\gh ,fr5*m51 to be a colony f ! ,roman s*ool4 ,next to ^!1 b 9 a v diff]5t /yle ( excell5ce1 we may rank ! ,v5etian1 toge!r ) ! ,flemi% & ! ,dut* s*ools1 all pr(ess+ to dep>t f ! great purposes ( pa9t+1 & cat*+ at applause by inf]ior qualities4 ,i am n ignorant t "s w c5sure me = plac+ ! ,v5etians 9 ?is inf]ior class1 & _m ( ! w>me/ admir]s ( pa9t+ w ?9k !m unju/ly degrad$2 b ,i wi% n to be misund]/ood4 ,?\gh ,i c by no means all[ !m to hold any rank ) ! nobl] s*ools ( pa9t+1 !y accompli%$ p]fectly ! ?+ !y attempt$4 ,b z m]e elegance is _! pr9cipal object1 z !y seem m will+ to dazzle ?an to affect1 x c be no injury to !m to suppose t _! practice is useful only to its prop] end4 ,b :at may height5 ! elegant may degrade ! sublime4 ,!re is a simplicity1 & ,i may add1 sev]ity1 9 ! great mann]1 :i* is1 ,i am afraid1 almo/ incompatible ) ?is comp>atively s5sual /yle4 ,t9toret1 ,paul ,v]onese1 & o!rs ( ! ,v5etian s*ools1 seem to h pa9t$ ) no o!r purpose ?an to be admir$ = _! skill & exp]tness 9 ! me*anism ( pa9t+1 & to make a p>ade ( t art :i*1 z ,i be=e obs]v$1 ! high] /yle requires its foll[]s to conceal4 ,9 a conf]5ce ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 at :i* 7 pres5t ,le ,brun1 ,seba/ian ,b\rdon1 & all ! em95t arti/s ( t age1 "o ( ! academicians desir$ to h _! op9ion on ! conduct ( ,paul ,v]onese1 :o1 ?\gh a pa9t] ( great consid]ation1 _h1 contr>y to ! /rict rules ( art1 9 8 picture ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a1 repres5t$ ! pr9cipal figure 9 %ade4 ,to ?is "q no satisfactory answ] 0 !n giv54 ,b ,i w v5ture to say1 t if !y _h consid]$ ! class ( ! arti/1 & rank$ him z an ornam5tal pa9t]1 !re w\ld h be5 no difficulty 9 answ]+3 ,x 0 unreasonable to expect :at 0 nev] int5d$4 ,8 int5tion 0 solely to produce an effect ( light & ,%ad[2 ev]y?+ 0 to be sacrific$ to t int5t1 & ! caprici\s composition ( t picture suit$ v well ) ! /yle he pr(ess$4 ,"y m9ds are inde$ too apt to be captivat$ by ?is spl5d\r ( /yle1 & t ( ! ,v5etians w be p>ticul>ly pleas+2 = by !m all ^? p>ts ( ! art t give pleasure to ! eye or s5se h be5 cultivat$ ) c>e1 & c>ri$ to ! degree ne>e/ to p]fection4 ,! p[]s ex]t$ 9 ! me*anical "p ( ! art h be5 call$ ! language ( pa9t]s2 b we mu/ say1 t x is b poor eloqu5ce :i* only %[s t ! orator c talk4 ,words %\ld be employ$ z ! means1 n z ! end3 language is ! in/rum5t1 conviction is ! "w4 ,! language ( pa9t+ mu/ inde$ be all[$ ^! ma/]s2 b ev5 9 t !y h %[n m copi\sness ?an *oice1 & m luxuriancy ?an judgm5t4 ,if we consid] ! un9t]e/+ subjects ( _! inv5tion1 or at lea/ ! un9t]e/+ mann] 9 :i* !y are treat$2 if we att5d to _! caprici\s composition1 _! viol5t & affect$ contra/s1 :e!r ( figures1 or ( light & %ad[1 ! ri*ness ( _! drap]y1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! mean effect :i* ! discrim9ation ( /uffs gives to _! pictures2 if to ^! we add _! total inatt5tion to expression1 & !n reflect on ! conceptions & ! le>n+ ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 or ! simplicity ( ,raffaelle1 we c no long] dwell on ! comp>ison4 ,ev5 9 col\r+1 if we comp>e ! quietness & *a/ity ( ! ,bolognese p5cil to ! bu/le & tumult t fills e "p (1 a ,v5etian picture1 )\t ! lea/ attempt to int]e/ ! passions1 _! boa/$ art w appe> a m]e /ruggle )\t effect2 an empty tale told by an idiot1 full ( s\nd & fury1 signify+ no?+4 ,su* z suppose t ! great /yle might happily be bl5d$ ) ! ornam5tal1 t ! simple1 grave1 & maje/ic dignity ( ,raffaelle c\ld unite ) ! gl[ & bu/le ( a ,paulo or ,t9toret1 are totally mi/ak54 ,! pr9ciples by :i* ea* are atta9$ are s contr>y to ea* o!r1 t !y seem1 9 my op9ion1 incompatible1 & z impossible to exi/ toge!r1 z to unite 9 ! m9d at ! same "t ! mo/ sublime ideas & ! l[e/ s5suality4 ,! subjects ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s are mo/ly su* z give !m an opportunity ( introduc+ a great numb] ( figures1 su* z fea/s1 m>riages1 & processions1 public m>tyrdoms1 or miracles4 ,i c easily conceive t ,paul ,v]onese1 if he 7 ask$1 w\ld say t no subject 0 prop] = an hi/orical picture b su* z admitt$ at lea/ =ty figures2 = 9 a less numb]1 he w\ld ass]t1 !re c\ld be no opportunity ( ! pa9t]'s %[+ 8 art 9 composition1 8 dext]ity ( manag+ & dispos+ ! masses ( light1 & gr\ps ( figures1 & ( introduc+ a v>iety ( ,ea/]n dresses & *>act]s 9 _! ri* /uffs4 ,b ! ?+ is v diff]5t ) a pupil ( ! great] s*ools4 ,annibale ,c>acci ?\ght twelve figures suffici5t = any /ory3 he conceiv$ t m w\ld contribute to no end b to fill space2 t !y w\ld1 be b cold spectators ( ! g5]al action1 or1 to use 8 own expression1 t !y w\ld be figures to be let4 ,besides1 x is impossible = a picture compos$ ( s _m p>ts to h t effect1 s indisp5sably necess>y to gr&eur1 ( "o complete :ole4 ,h[ev] contradictory x may be 9 geometry1 x is true 9 ta/e1 t _m little ?+s w n make a great "o4 ,! sublime impresses ! m9d at once ) "o great idea2 x is a s+le bl[3 ! elegant inde$ may be produc$ by a repetition1 by an accumulation ( _m m9ute circum/ances4 ,h[ev] great ! diff]5ce is betwe5 ! composition ( ! ,v5etian & ! re/ ( ! ,italian s*ools1 !re is full z great a disp>ity 9 ! effect ( _! pictures z produc$ by col\rs4 ,& ?\gh 9 ?is respect ! ,v5etians mu/ be all[$ extraord9>y skill1 yet ev5 t skill1 z !y h employ$ x1 w b ill correspond ) ! great /yle4 ,_! col\r+ is n only too brilliant1 b1 ,i w v5ture to say1 too h>moni\s to produce t solidity1 /ead9ess1 & simplicity ( effect :i* h]oic subjects require1 & :i* simple or grave col\rs only c give to a "w4 ,t !y are to be cauti\sly /udi$ by ^? :o are ambiti\s ( tread+ ! great walk ( hi/ory is confirm$1 if x wants confirmation1 by ! greate/ ( all au?orities1 ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,?is wond]ful man1 aft] hav+ se5 a picture by ,titian1 told ,vas>i1 :o accompani$ him1 t he lik$ mu* 8 col\r+ & mann]2 b !n he add$1 t x 0 a pity ! ,v5etian pa9t]s did n le>n to draw correctly 9 _! e>ly y\?1 & adopt a bett] mann] ( /udy4 ,by ?is x appe>s t ! pr9cipal att5tion ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 9 ! op9ion ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 seem$ to be engross$ by ! /udy ( col\rs1 to ! neglect ( ! ideal beauty ( =m1 or propriety ( expression4 ,b if g5]al c5sure 0 giv5 to t s*ool f ! sight ( a picture ( ,titian1 h[ mu* m heavily1 & m ju/ly1 w\ld ! c5sure fall on ,paulo ,v]onese1 or m especially on ,t9toret8 ,& "h ,i _c avoid cit+ ,vas>i's op9ion ( ! /yle & mann] ( ,t9toret4 ,( all ! extraord9>y g5iuses1 says he1 t h ev] practis$ ! art ( pa9t+1 = wild1 caprici\s1 extravagant1 & fanta/ical inv5tions1 = furi\s impetuosity & boldness 9 ! execution ( 8 "w1 !re is none l ,t9toret2 8 /range :ims are ev5 beyond extravagance2 & 8 works seem to be produc$ r by *ance ?an 9 consequ5ce ( any previ\s design1 z if he want$ to conv9ce ! _w t1 ! art 0 a trifle1 & ( ! mo/ easy atta9m5t4 ,= my own "p1 :5 ,i speak ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 ,i wi% to be und]/ood to mean ,paulo ,v]onese & ,t9toret1 to ! exclusion ( ,titian2 = ?\gh 8 /yle is n s pure z t ( _m o!r ( ! ,italian s*ools1 yet !re is a sort ( s5atorial dignity ab\t him1 :i*1 h[ev] awkw>d 9 8 imitators1 seems to become him exce$+ly4 ,8 portraits alone1 f ! nobl5ess & simplicity ( "* :i* he always gave !m1 w entitle him to ! greate/ respect1 z he und\bt$ly /&s 9 ! fir/ rank 9 ?is bran* ( ! art4 ,x is n ) ,titian1 b ) ! s$uc+ qualities ( ! two =m]1 t ,i c\ld wi% to caution y1 aga9/ be+ too mu* captivat$4 ,^! are ! p]sons :o may be said to h exhau/$ all ! p[]s ( florid eloqu5ce1 to debau* ! "y & unexp]i5c$1 & h1 )\t d\bt1 be5 ! cause ( turn+ (f ! att5tion ( ! connoisseur & ( ! patron ( art1 z well z t ( ! pa9t]1 f ^? high] excell5ces ( :i* ! art is capable1 & :i* ought to be requir$ 9 e consid]able production4 ,by !m1 & _! imitators1 a /yle m]ely ornam5tal has be5 dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t all ,europe4 ,rub5s c>ri$ x to ,fl&]s1 ,voet to ,france1 & ,luca ,giordano to ,spa9 & ,naples4 ,! ,v5etian is inde$ ! mo/ spl5did ( ! s*ools ( elegance2 & x is n )\t reason t ! be/ p]=mances 9 ?is l[] s*ool are valu$ high] ?an ! second-rate p]=mances ( ^? above !m2 = e picture has value :5 x has a decid$ "*1 & is excell5t 9 its k9d4 ,b ! /ud5t mu/ take c>e n to be s mu* dazzl$ ) ?is spl5d\r z to be tempt$ to imitate :at mu/ ultimately lead f p]fection4 ,p\ss91 ^: eye 0 always /eadily fix$ on ! sublime1 has be5 (t5 he>d to say1 ,t a p>ticul> att5tion to col\r+ 0 an ob/acle to ! /ud5t 9 8 progress to ! great end & design ( ! art2 & t he :o atta*es himself to ?is pr9cipal end w acquire by practice a reasonably good me?od ( col\r+4 ,?\gh x be all[$ t elaborate h>mony ( col\r+1 a brilliancy ( t9ts1 a s(t & gradual transition f "o to ano!r1 pres5t to ! eye :at an h>moni\s conc]t ( music does to ! e>1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t pa9t+ is n m]ely a gratification ( ! sight4 ,su* excell5ce1 ?\gh prop]ly cultivat$ :]e no?+ high] ?an elegance is int5d$1 is weak & unwor?y ( reg>d1 :5 ! "w aspires to gr&eur & sublimity4 ,! same reasons t h be5 urg$ :y a mixture ( ! ,v5etian /yle _c improve ! great /yle w hold good 9 reg>d to ! ,flemi% & ,dut* s*ools4 ,inde$1 ! ,flemi% s*ool1 ( :i* ,rub5s is ! head1 0 =m$ ^u t ( ! ,v5etian2 l !m1 he took 8 figures too mu* f ! p be=e him4 ,b x mu/ be all[$ 9 fav\r ( ! ,v5etians t he 0 m gross ?an !y1 & c>ri$ all _! mi/ak5 me?ods to a f> great] excess4 ,9 ! ,v5etian s*ool itself1 :]e !y all err f ! same cause1 !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! effect4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,paulo & ,bassano seems to be only t "o introduc$ ,v5etian g5tlem5 into 8 pictures1 & ! o!r ! boors ( ! di/rict ( ,bassano1 & call$ !m patri>*s & prophets4 ,! pa9t]s ( ! ,dut* s*ool h /ill m locality4 ,) !m1 a hi/ory piece is prop]ly a portrait ( !mselves2 :e!r !y describe ! inside or outside ( _! h\ses1 we h _! own p engag$ 9 _! own peculi> occupations1 work+ or dr9k+1 play+ or fight+4 ,! circum/ances t ent] into a picture ( ?is k9d are s f> f giv+ a g5]al view ( human life t !y exhibit all ! m9ute p>ticul>ities ( a nation diff]+ 9 sev]al respects f ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,yet1 let !m h _! %>e ( m humble praise4 ,! pa9t]s ( ?is s*ool are excell5t 9 _! own way2 !y are only ridicul\s :5 !y attempt g5]al hi/ory on _! own n>r[ pr9ciples1 & debase great ev5ts by ! meanness ( _! *>act]s4 ,"s inf]ior dext]ity1 "s extraord9>y me*anical p[]1 is app>5tly t f :i* !y seek di/9ction4 ,?us1 we see1 t s*ool alone has ! cu/om ( repres5t+ c&le-light1 n z x really appe>s to u by night1 b r$1 z x w\ld illum9ate objects to a spectator by day4 ,su* tricks1 h[ev] p>donable 9 ! little /yle1 :]e petty effects are ! sole end1 are inexcusable 9 ! great]1 :]e ! att5tion %\ld nev] be drawn aside by trifles1 b %\ld be entirely occupi$ by ! subject itself4 ,! same local pr9ciples :i* *>act]ise ! ,dut* s*ool ext5d ev5 to _! l&scape pa9t]s2 & ,rub5s himself1 :o has pa9t$ _m l&scapes1 has sometimes transgress$ 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,_! pieces 9 ?is way are1 ,i ?9k1 always a repres5tation ( an individual spot1 & ea* 9 its k9d a v fai?ful b v conf9$ portrait4 ,claude ,lorra9e1 on ! contr>y1 0 conv9c$ t tak+ nature z he f\nd x seldom produc$ beauty4 ,8 pictures are a composition ( ! v>i\s draughts :i* he has previ\sly made f v>i\s beautiful sc5es & prospects4 ,h[ev]1 ,rub5s 9 "s measure has made am5ds = ! defici5cy ) :i* he is *>g$2 he has contriv$ to raise & animate 8 o!rwise un9t]e/+ views1 by introduc+ a ra9b[1 /orm1 or "s p>ticul> accid5tal effect ( light4 ,t ! practice ( ,claude ,lorra9e1 9 respect to 8 *oice1 is to be adopt$ by l&scape pa9t]s1 9 opposition to t ( ! ,flemi% & ,dut* s*ools1 !re c be no d\bt1 z its tru? is f\nd$ ^u ! same pr9ciple z t by :i* ! hi/orical pa9t] acquires p]fect =m4 ,b :e!r l&scape pa9t+ has a "r to aspire s f> z to reject :at ! pa9t]s call accid5ts ( nature is n easy to det]m9e4 ,x is c]ta9 ,claude ,lorra9e seldom1 if ev]1 avail$ himself ( ^? accid5ts2 ei!r he ?\ght t su* peculi>ities 7 contr>y to t /yle ( g5]al nature :i* he pr(ess$1 or t x w\ld cat* ! att5tion too /rongly1 & de/roy t quietness & repose :i* he ?\ght necess>y to t k9d ( pa9t+4 ,a portrait pa9t] likewise1 :5 he attempts hi/ory1 unless he is ^u 8 gu>d1 is likely to ent] too mu* into ! detail4 ,he too frequ5tly makes 8 hi/orical heads look l portraits2 & ?is 0 once ! cu/om among/ ^? old pa9t]s :o reviv$ ! art be=e g5]al ideas 7 practis$ or und]/ood4 ,a hi/ory pa9t] pa9ts man 9 g5]al2 a portrait pa9t]1 a p>ticul> man1 & consequ5tly a defective model4 ,?us an habitual practice 9 ! l[] ex]cises ( ! art w prev5t _m f atta9+ ! great]4 ,b su* ( u :o move 9 ^! humbl] walks ( ! pr(ession are n ignorant t1 z ! natural dignity ( ! subject is less1 ! m all ! little ornam5tal helps are necess>y to its embelli%m5t4 ,x w\ld be ridicul\s = a pa9t] ( dome/ic sc5es1 ( portraits1 l&scapes1 animals1 or ( /ill life1 to say t he despis$ ^? qualities :i* h made ! subord9ate s*ools s fam\s4 ,! art ( col\r+1 & ! skilful managem5t ( light & %ad[1 are ess5tial requisites 9 8 conf9$ lab\rs4 ,if we desc5d /ill l[]1 :at is ! pa9t] ( fruit & fl[]s )\t ! utmo/ art 9 col\r+1 & :at ! pa9t]s call h&l+2 t is1 a lightness ( p5cil t implies great practice1 & gives ! appe>ance ( be+ done ) ease8 ,"s "h1 ,i believe1 mu/ rememb] a fl[]-pa9t] ^: boa/ x 0 t he scorn$ to pa9t = ! million2 no1 he pr(ess$ to pa9t 9 ! true ,italian ta/e2 & despis+ ! cr[d1 call$ /r5u\sly ^u ! few to admire him4 ,8 idea ( ! ,italian ta/e 0 to pa9t z black & dirty z he c\ld1 & to leave all cle>ness & brilliancy ( col\r+ to ^? :o 7 fond] ( money ?an ( immortality4 ,! consequ5ce 0 su* z might be expect$4 ,= ^! pretty excell5ces are "h ess5tial beauties2 & )\t ?is m]it ! arti/'s "w w be m %ort-liv$ ?an ! objects ( 8 imitation4 ,f :at has be5 advanc$1 we mu/ n[ be conv9c$ t !re are two di/9ct /yles 9 hi/ory pa9t+3 ! gr&1 & ! spl5did or ornam5tal4 ,! great /yle /&s alone1 & does n require1 p]haps does n s well admit1 any addition f inf]ior beauties4 ,! ornam5tal /yle also possesses its own peculi> m]it4 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh ! union ( ! two may make a sort ( composite /yle1 yet t /yle is likely to be m imp]fect ?an ei!r ( ^? :i* g to its composition4 ,bo? k9ds h m]it1 & may be excell5t ?\gh 9 diff]5t ranks1 if uni=mity be pres]v$1 & ! g5]al & p>ticul> ideas ( nature be n mix$4 ,ev5 ! meane/ ( !m is difficult en\gh to atta92 & ! fir/ place be+ already occupi$ by ! great arti/s 9 ei!r dep>tm5t1 "s ( ^? :o foll[$ ?\ght !re 0 less room = !m1 & feel+ ! impulse ( ambition & ! desire ( novelty1 & be+ at ! same "t p]haps will+ to take ! %orte/ way1 !y endeav\r$ to make = !mselves a place betwe5 bo?4 ,?is !y h effect$ by =m+ a union ( ! diff]5t ord]s4 ,b z ! grave & maje/ic /yle w\ld suff] by a union ) ! florid & gay1 s also has ! ,v5etian ornam5t 9 "s respect be5 injur$ by attempt+ an alliance ) simplicity4 ,x may be ass]t$ t ! great /yle is always m or less contam9at$ by any mean] mixture4 ,b x happ5s 9 a few in/ances t ! l[] may be improv$ by borr[+ f ! gr&4 ,?us1 if a portrait pa9t] is desir\s to raise & improve 8 subject1 he has no o!r means ?an by approa*+ x to a g5]al idea4 ,he leaves out all ! m9ute breaks & peculi>ities 9 ! face1 & *anges ! dress f a tempor>y fa%ion to "o m p]man5t1 :i* has annex$ to x no ideas ( meanness f its be+ famili> to u4 ,b if an exact resemblance ( an individual be consid]$ z ! sole object to be aim$ at1 ! portrait pa9t] w be apt to lose m ?an he ga9s by ! acquir$ dignity tak5 f g5]al nature4 ,x is v difficult to ennoble ! "* ( a c\nt5ance b at ! exp5se ( ! lik5ess1 :i* is :at is mo/ g5]ally requir$ by su* z sit to ! pa9t]4 ,( ^? :o h practis$ ! composite /yle1 & h succe$$ 9 ?is p]il\s attempt1 p]haps ! =emo/ is ,correggio4 ,8 /yle is f\nd$ ^u mod]n grace & elegance1 to :i* is sup]1 add$ some?+ ( ! simplicity ( ! gr& /yle4 ,a bread? ( light & col\r1 ! g5]al ideas ( ! drap]y1 an un9t]rupt$ fl[ ( outl9e1 all conspire to ?is effect4 ,next him 7p]haps equal to him7 ,p>megiano has dignifi$ ! g5teelness ( mod]n effem9acy by unit+ x ) ! simplicity ( ! anci5ts & ! gr&eur & sev]ity ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t ^! two extraord9>y m51 by endeav\r+ to give ! utmo/ degree ( grace1 h sometimes1 p]haps1 exce$$ its b\nd>ies1 & h fall5 into ! mo/ hateful ( all hateful qualities1 affectation4 ,inde$1 x is ! peculi> *>act]i/ic ( m5 ( g5ius to be afraid ( coldness & insipidity1 f :i* !y ?9k !y nev] c be too f> remov$4 ,x p>ticul>ly happ5s to ^! great ma/]s ( grace & elegance4 ,!y (t5 boldly drive on to ! v v]ge ( ridicule2 ! spectator is al>m$1 b at ! same "t admires _! vig\r & intrepidity4 ,/range graces /ill1 & /rang] flights !y _h1 4 4 4 ,yet ne'er s sure our passion to create ,ae :5 !y t\*'d ! br9k ( all we hate4 ,! errors ( g5ius1 h[ev]1 are p>donable1 & none ev5 ( ! m exalt$ pa9t]s are :olly free f !m2 b !y h taught u1 by ! rectitude ( _! g5]al practice1 to correct _! own affect$ or accid5tal deviation4 ,! v fir/ h n be5 always ^u _! gu>d1 & p]haps !re is n a fault b :at may take %elt] "u ! mo/ v5]able au?orities2 yet t /yle only is p]fect 9 :i* ! noble/ pr9ciples are uni=mly pursu$2 & ^? ma/]s only are entitl$ to ! fir/ rank 91 our e/imation :o h enl>g$ ! b\nd>ies ( _! art1 & h rais$ x to its highe/ dignity1 by exhibit+ ! g5]al ideas ( nature4 ,on ! :ole1 x seems to me t !re is b "o presid+ pr9ciple :i* regulates & gives /ability to e art4 ,! works1 :e!r ( poets1 pa9t]s1 morali/s1 or hi/orians1 :i* are built ^u g5]al nature1 live = ev]2 :ile ^? :i* dep5d = _! exi/5ce on p>ticul> cu/oms & habits1 a p>tial view ( nature1 or ! fluctuation ( fa%ion1 c only be coeval ) t :i* fir/ rais$ !m f obscurity4 ,pres5t "t & future maybe consid]$ z rivals1 & he :o solicits ! "o mu/ expect to be disc\nt5anc$ by ! o!r4 ,a ,,disc\rse ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aggb1 by ! ,presid5t4 ,g5tlem51--,i purpose to c>ry on 9 ?is disc\rse ! subject :i* ,i began 9 my la/4 ,x 0 my wi% ^u t occasion to incite y to pursue ! high] excell5ces ( ! art4 ,b ,i fe> t 9 ?is p>ticul> ,i h be5 misund]/ood4 ,"s are ready to imag9e1 :5 any ( _! fav\rite acquirem5ts 9 ! art are prop]ly class$1 t !y are utt]ly disgrac$4 ,?is is a v great mi/ake3 no?+ has its prop] lu/re b 9 its prop] place4 ,t :i* is mo/ wor?y ( e/eem 9 its allott$ sph]e becomes an object1 n ( respect1 b ( d]ision1 :5 x is =c$ into a high]1 to :i* x is n suit$2 & !re x becomes d\bly a s\rce ( disord]1 by occupy+ a situation :i* is n natural to x1 & by putt+ d[n f ! fir/ place :at is 9 reality ( too mu* magnitude to become ) grace & proportion t subord9ate /ation1 to :i* some?+ ( less value w\ld be mu* bett] suit$4 ,my advice 9 a ^w is ?is3 keep y\r pr9cipal att5tion fix$ ^u ! high] excell5ces4 ,if y compass !m & compass no?+ m1 y are /ill 9 ! fir/ class4 ,we may regret ! innum]able beauties :i* y may want3 y may be v imp]fect3 b /ill1 y are an imp]fect p]son ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,if1 :5 y h got ?us f>1 y c add any1 or all1 ( ! subord9ate qualifications1 x is my wi% & advice t y %\ld n neglect !m4 ,b ?is is z mu* a matt] ( circumspection & caution at lea/ z ( eag]ness & pursuit4 ,! m9d is apt to be di/ract$ by a multiplicity ( pursuits2 & t scale ( p]fection1 :i* ,i wi% always to be pres]v$1 is 9 ! greate/ dang] ( be+ totally disord]$1 & ev5 inv]t$4 ,"s excell5ces be> to be unit$1 & are improv$ by union1 o!rs are ( a discordant nature2 & ! attempt to jo9 !m only produces a h>%] j>r+ ( incongru5t pr9ciples4 ,! attempt to unite contr>y excell5ces 7( =m1 = in/ance7 9 a s+le figure1 c nev] escape deg5]at+ into ! mon/r\s1 b by s9k+ into ! insipid1 tak+ away its m>k$ "*1 & weak5+ its expression4 ,?is rem>k is true to a c]ta9 degree ) reg>d to ! passions4 ,if y mean to pres]ve ! mo/ p]fect beauty 9 its mo/ p]fect /ate1 y _c express ! passions1 :i* produce 7all ( !m7 di/ortion & de=mity1 m or less1 9 ! mo/ beautiful faces4 ,guido1 f want ( *oice 9 adapt+ 8 subject to 8 ideas & 8 p[]s1 or 9 attempt+ to pres]ve beauty :]e x c\ld n be pres]v$ has 9 ?is respect succe$$ v ill4 ,8 figures are (t5 engag$ 9 subjects t requir$ great expression3 yet 8 ,judi? & ,hol(]nes1 ! ,daught] ( ,h]odias ) ! ,bapti/'s ,head1 ! ,&rom$a1 & ev5 ! ,mo!rs ( ! ,innoc5ts1 h little m expression ?an 8 ,v5us attir$ by ! ,graces4 ,obvi\s z ^! rem>ks appe>1 !re are _m writ]s on our art1 :o1 n be+ ( ! pr(ession1 & consequ5tly n kn[+ :at c or :at _c be done1 h be5 v lib]al ( absurd praises 9 _! descriptions ( fav\rite works4 ,!y always f9d 9 !m :at !y are resolv$ to f9d4 ,!y praise excell5ces t c h>dly exi/ toge!r1 & above all ?+s are fond ( describ+ ) great exactness ! expression ( a mix$ passion1 :i* m p>ticul>ly appe>s to me out ( ! rea* ( our art4 ,su* are _m disquisitions :i* ,i h read on "s ( ! c>toons & o!r pictures ( ,raffaelle1 :]e ! critics h describ$ _! own imag9ation2 or inde$ :]e ! excell5t ma/] himself may h attempt$ ?is expression ( passions above ! p[]s ( ! art2 & has1 !re=e1 by an indi/9ct & imp]fect m>k+1 left room = e imag9ation1 ) equal probability to f9d a passion ( 8 own4 ,:at has be51 & :at c be done 9 ! art1 is suffici5tly difficult2 we ne$ n be mortifi$ or disc\rag$ = n be+ able to execute ! conceptions ( a romantic imag9ation4 ,art has its b\nd>ies1 ?\gh imag9ation has none4 ,we c easily1 l ! anci5ts1 suppose a ,jupit] to be possess$ ( all ^? p[]s & p]fections :i* ! subord9ate ,deities 7 end[$ ) sep>ately4 ,yet1 :5 !y employ$ _! art to repres5t him1 !y conf9$ 8 "* to maje/y alone4 ,pl9y1 !re=e1 ?\gh we are "u great obligations to him = ! in=mation he has giv5 u 9 relation to ! works ( ! anci5t arti/s1 is v frequ5tly wrong :5 he speaks ( !m1 :i* he does v (t5 9 ! /yle ( _m ( our mod]n connoisseurs4 ,he obs]ves t 9 a /atue ( ,p>is1 by ,fuphranor1 y might discov] at ! same "t ?ree diff]5t *>act]s2 ! dignity ( a judge ( ! goddesses1 ! lov] ( ,hel51 & ! conqu]or ( ,a*illes4 ,a /atue 9 :i* y endeav\r to unite /ately dignity1 y\?ful elegance1 & /]n val\r1 mu/ surely possess none ( ^! to any em95t degree4 ,f h5ce x appe>s t !re is mu* difficulty z well z dang] 9 an endeav\r to conc5trate ^u a s+le subject ^? v>i\s p[]s :i*1 ris+ f diff]5t po9ts1 naturally move 9 diff]5t directions4 ,! summit ( excell5ce seems to be an assemblage ( contr>y qualities1 b mix$1 9 su* proportions1 t no "o "p is f\nd to c\nt]act ! o!r4 ,h[ h>d ?is is to be atta9$ 9 e art1 ^? only "k :o h made ! greate/ progress 9 _! respective pr(essions4 ,to conclude :at ,i h to say on ?is "p ( ! subject1 :i* ,i ?9k ( great importance1 ,i wi% y to und]/& t ,i d n disc\rage ! y\ng] /ud5ts f ! noble attempt ( unit+ all ! excell5ces ( art1 b to make !m aw>e t1 besides ! difficulties :i* att5d e ardu\s attempt1 !re is a peculi> difficulty 9 ! *oice ( ! excell5ces :i* ought to be unit$2 ,i wi% y to att5d to ?is1 t y may try y\rselves1 :5ev] y are capable ( t trial1 :at y c1 & :at y _c d3 & t1 in/ead ( dissipat+ y\r natural faculties ov] ! imm5se field ( possible excell5ce1 y may *oose "s p>ticul> walk 9 :i* y may ex]cise all y\r p[]s1 9 ord] ea* ( y to be ! fir/ 9 8 way4 ,if any man %all be ma/] ( su* a transc5dant1 comm&+1 & ductile g5ius1 z to enable him to rise to ! highe/1 & to /oop to ! l[e/ flights ( art1 & to sweep ov] all ( !m unob/ruct$ & secure1 he is fitt] to give example ?an to receive in/ruction4 ,hav+ said ?us mu* on ! union ( excell5ces1 ,i w next say some?+ ( ! subord9ation 9 :i* v>i\s excell5ces ought to be kept4 ,i am ( op9ion t ! ornam5tal /yle1 :i* 9 my disc\rse ( la/ ye> ,i caution$ y aga9/ consid]+ z pr9cipal1 may n be :olly unwor?y ! att5tion ( ^? :o aim ev5 at ! gr& /yle2 :5 x is prop]ly plac$ & prop]ly r$uc$4 ,b ?is /udy w be us$ ) f> bett] effect1 if its pr9ciples are employ$ 9 s(t5+ ! h>%ness & mitigat+ ! rig\r ( ! great /yle1 ?an if 9 attempt to /& =w>d ) any pret5sions ( its own to positive & orig9al excell5ce4 ,x 0 ?us ,lodovico ,c>acci1 ^: example ,i =m]ly recomm5d$ to y1 employ$ x4 ,he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! works bo? ( ,correggio & ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 & knew ! pr9ciples by :i* !y produc$ ^? pleas+ effects :i* at ! fir/ glance prepossess u s mu* 9 _! fav\r2 b he took only z mu* f ea* z w\ld embelli%1 b n ov]p[]1 t manly /r5g? & en]gy ( /yle1 :i* is 8 peculi> "*4 ,s9ce ,i h already expatiat$ s l>gely 9 my =m] disc\rse1 & 9 my pres5t1 ^u ! /yles & *>act]s ( pa9t+1 x w n be at all unsuitable to my subject if ,i m5tion to y "s p>ticul>s relative to ! lead+ pr9ciples1 & capital works ( ^? :o excell$ 9 ! great /yle1 t ,i may br+ y f ab/raction ne>] to practice1 & by exemplify+ ! propositions :i* ,i h laid d[n1 enable y to und]/& m cle>ly :at ,i w\ld en=ce4 ,! pr9cipal works ( mod]n art are 9 fresco1 a mode ( pa9t+ :i* excludes att5tion to m9ute elegancies3 yet ^! works 9 fresco are ! productions on :i* ! fame ( ! greate/ ma/]s dep5d3 su* are ! pictures ( ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raffaelle 9 ! ,vatican1 to :i* we may add ! c>toons1 :i*1 ?\gh n /rictly to be call$ fresco1 yet may be put "u t d5om9ation2 & su* are ! works ( ,giulio ,romano at ,mantua4 ,if ^! p]=mances 7 de/roy$1 ) !m w\ld be lo/ ! be/ "p ( ! reputation ( ^? illu/ri\s pa9t]s1 = ^! are ju/ly consid]$ z ! greate/ ef=ts ( our art :i* ! _w c boa/4 ,to ^!1 !re=e1 we %\ld pr9cipally direct our att5tion = high] excell5ces4 ,z = ! l[] arts1 z !y h be5 once discov]$1 !y may be easily atta9$ by ^? possess$ ( ! =m]4 ,raffaelle1 :o /&s 9 g5]al =emo/ ( ! fir/ pa9t]s1 owes 8 reputation1 z ,i h obs]v$1 to 8 excell5ce 9 ! high] p>ts ( ! art4 ,!re=e1 8 works 9 fresco ought to be ! fir/ object ( our /udy & att5tion4 ,8 easel-works /& 9 a l[] degree ( e/imation2 = ?\gh he cont9ually1 to ! day ( 8 dea?1 embelli%$ 8 works m & m ) ! addition ( ^! l[] ornam5ts1 :i* entirely make ! m]it ( "s1 yet he nev] arriv$ at su* p]fection z to make him an object ( imitation4 ,he nev] 0 able to conqu] p]fectly t dryness1 or ev5 littl5ess ( mann]1 :i* he inh]it$ f 8 ma/]4 ,he nev] acquir$ t nicety ( ta/e 9 col\rs1 t bread? ( light & %ad[1 t art & managem5t ( unit+ light1 to light1 & %ad[ to %ad[1 s z to make ! object rise out ( ! gr\nd ) t pl5itude ( effect s mu* admir$ 9 ! works ( ,correggio4 ,:5 he pa9t$ 9 oil1 8 h& seem$ to be s cramp$ & conf9$ t he n only lo/ t facility & _s1 b ,i ?9k ev5 t correctness ( =m1 :i* is s p]fect & admirable 9 8 fresco works4 ,i d n recollect any pictures ( 8 ( ?is k9d1 except p]haps ! ,transfiguration1 9 :i* !re are n "s p>ts t appe> to be ev5 feebly drawn4 ,t ?is is n a necess>y att5dant on oil-pa9t+1 we h abundant in/ances 9 m mod]n pa9t]s4 ,lodovico ,c>acci1 = in/ance1 pres]v$ 9 8 works 9 oil ! same _s1 vig\r1 & correctness1 :i* he _h 9 fresco4 ,i h no desire to degrade ,raffaelle f ! high rank :i* he des]v$ly holds3 b by comp>+ him ) himself1 he does n appe> to me to be ! same man 9 oil z 9 fresco4 ,f ^? :o h ambition to tread 9 ?is great walk ( ! art1 ,mi*ael ,angelo claims ! next att5tion4 ,he did n possess s _m excell5ces z ,raffaelle1 b ^? he _h 7 ( ! highe/ k9d4 ,he consid]$ ! art z consi/+ ( little m ?an :at may be atta9$ by sculpture1 correctness ( =m1 & en]gy ( "*4 ,we ought n to expect m ?an an arti/ int5ds 9 8 "w4 ,he nev] attempt$ ^? less] elegancies & graces 9 ! art4 ,vas>i says1 he nev] pa9t$ b "o picture 9 oil1 & resolv$ nev] to pa9t ano!r1 say+ x 0 an employm5t only fit = wom5 & *ildr54 ,if any man _h a "r to look d[n ^u ! l[] accompli%m5ts z b5ea? 8 att5tion1 x 0 c]ta9ly ,mi*ael ,angelo3 nor c x be ?\ght /range t su* a m9d %\ld h slight$ or h be5 )held f pay+ due att5tion to all ^? graces & embelli%m5ts ( art :i* h diffus$ su* lu/re ov] ! works ( o!r pa9t]s4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ likewise1 t toge!r ) ^!1 :i* we wi% he _h m att5d$ to1 he has reject$ all ! false ?\gh speci\s ornam5ts :i* disgrace ! works ev5 ( ! mo/ e/eem$ arti/s2 & ,i w v5ture to say1 t :5 ^? high] excell5ces are m kn[n & cultivat$ by ! arti/s & ! patrons ( arts1 8 fame & cr$it w increase ) our increas+ k4 ,8 "n w !n be held 9 ! same v5]ation z x 0 9 ! enlight5$ age ( ,leo ! ,t5?3 & x is rem>kable t ! reputation ( ?is truly great man has be5 cont9ually decl9+ z ! art itself has decl9$4 ,= ,i mu/ rem>k to y1 t x has long be5 mu* on ! decl9e1 & t our only hope ( its revival w consi/ 9 y\r be+ ?or\ghly s5sible ( its depravation & decay4 ,x is to ,mi*ael ,angelo t we owe ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ,raffaelle2 x is to him ,raffaelle owes ! gr&eur ( 8 /yle4 ,he 0 taught by him to elevate 8 ?\ghts1 & to conceive 8 subjects ) dignity4 ,8 g5ius1 h[ev]1 =m$ to blaze & to %9e1 might1 l fire 9 combu/ible matt]1 = ev] h la9 dormant if x _h n caught a sp>k by its contact ) ,mi*ael ,angelo3 & ?\gh x nev] bur/ out ) t extraord9>y heat & vehem5ce1 yet x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to be a m pure1 regul>1 & *a/e flame4 ,?\gh our judgm5t w ^u ! :ole decide 9 fav\r ( ,raffaelle3 yet he nev] takes t firm hold & entire possession ( ! m9d 9 su* a mann] z to desire no?+ else1 & feel no?+ want+4 ,! effect ( ! capital works ( ,mi*ael ,angelo p]fectly correspond to :at ,b\r*>don said he felt f read+ ,hom]4 ,8 :ole frame appe>$ to himself to be enl>g$1 & all nature :i* surr\nd$ him dim9i%$ to atoms4 ,if we put ^? great arti/s 9 a light ( comp>ison ) ea* o!r1 ,raffaelle _h m ta/e & fancy1 ,mi*ael ,angelo m g5ius & imag9ation4 ,! "o excell$ 9 beauty1 ! o!r 9 en]gy4 ,mi*ael ,angelo has m ( ! poetical inspiration2 8 ideas are va/ & sublime2 8 p are a sup]ior ord] ( be+s2 !re is no?+ ab\t !m1 no?+ 9 ! air ( _! actions or _! attitudes1 or ! /yle & ca/ ( _! v limbs or features1 t puts "o 9 m9d ( _! belong+1 to our own species4 ,raffaelle's imag9ation is n s elevat$2 8 figures are n s mu* disjo9$ f our own dim9utive race ( be+s1 ?\gh 8 ideas are *a/e1 noble1 & ( great con=mity to _! subjects4 ,mi*ael ,angelo's works h a /rong1 peculi>1 & m>k$ "*2 !y seem to proce$ f 8 own m9d entirely1 & t m9d s ri* & abundant1 t he nev] ne$$1 or seem$ to disda91 to look abroad = =eign help4 ,raffaelle's mat]ials are g5]ally borr[$1 ?\gh ! noble /ructure is 8 own4 ,! excell5cy ( ?is extraord9>y man lay 9 ! propriety1 beauty1 & maje/y ( 8 *>act]s1 8 judici\s contrivance ( 8 composition1 correctness ( draw+1 purity ( ta/e1 & ! skilful accommodation ( o!r m5's conceptions to 8 own purpose4 ,nobody excell$ him 9 t judgm5t1 ) :i* he unit$ to 8 own obs]vations on nature ! en]gy ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ! beauty & simplicity ( ! antique4 ,to ! "q1 !re=e1 :i* ought to hold ! fir/ rank1 ,raffaelle or ,mi*ael ,angelo1 x mu/ be answ]$1 t if x is to be giv5 to him :o possess$ a great] comb9ation ( ! high] qualities ( ! art ?an any o!r man1 !re is no d\bt b ,raffaelle is ! fir/4 ,b if1 accord+ to ,long9us1 ! sublime1 be+ ! highe/ excell5ce t human composition c atta9 to1 abundantly comp5sates ! abs5ce ( e o!r beauty1 & atones = all o!r defici5cies1 !n ,mi*ael ,angelo dem&s ! pref]5ce4 ,^! two extraord9>y m5 c>ri$ "s ( ! high] excell5ces ( ! art to a great] degree ( p]fection ?an probably !y ev] arriv$ at be=e4 ,!y c]ta9ly h n be5 excell$1 nor equall$ s9ce4 ,_m ( _! successors 7 induc$ to leave ?is great road z a beat5 pa?1 endeav\r+ to surprise & please by some?+ uncommon or new4 ,:5 ?is desire aft] novelty has proce$$ f m]e idl5ess or caprice1 x is n wor? ! tr\ble ( criticism2 b :5 x has be5 9 consequ5ce ( a busy m9d ( a peculi> complexion1 x is always /rik+ & int]e/+1 nev] insipid4 ,su* is ! great /yle z x appe>s 9 ^? :o possess$ x at its height2 9 ?is1 se>* aft] novelty 9 conception or 9 treat+ ! subject has no place4 ,b !re is ano!r /yle1 :i*1 ?\gh inf]ior to ! =m]1 has /ill great m]it1 because x %[s t ^? :o cultivat$ x 7 m5 ( lively & vigor\s imag9ation4 ,?is ,i call ! orig9al or *>act]i/ical /yle2 ?is1 be+ less ref]r$ to any true ar*itype exi/+ ei!r 9 g5]al or p>ticul> nature1 mu/ be support$ by ! pa9t]'s consi/5cy 9 ! pr9ciples he has assum$1 & 9 ! union & h>mony ( 8 :ole design4 ,! excell5cy ( e /yle1 b ,i ?9k ( ! subord9ate ones m especially1 w v mu* dep5d on pres]v+ t union & h>mony betwe5 all ! compon5t p>ts1 t !y appe> to hang well toge!r1 z if ! :ole proce$$ f "o m9d4 ,x is 9 ! works ( art1 z 9 ! *>act]s ( m54 ,! faults or defects ( "s m5 seem to become !m :5 !y appe> to be ! natural gr[?1 & ( a piece ) ! re/ ( _! "*4 ,a fai?ful picture ( a m9d1 ?\gh x be n ( ! mo/ elevat$ k9d1 ?\gh x be irregul>1 wild1 & incorrect1 yet if x be m>k$ ) t _s & firmness :i* *>act]ises works ( g5ius1 w claim att5tion1 & be m /rik+ ?an a comb9ation ( excell5ces t d n seem to hang well toge!r1 or we may say ?an a "w t possesses ev5 all excell5ces1 b ^? 9 a mod]ate degree4 ,"o ( ! /ronge/ m>k$ *>act]s ( ?is k9d1 :i* mu/ be all[$ to be subord9ate to ! great /yle1 is t ( ,salvator ,rosa4 ,he gives u a peculi> ca/ ( nature1 :i*1 ?\gh void ( all grace1 elegance1 & simplicity2 ?\gh x has no?+ ( t elevation & dignity :i* belongs to ! gr& /yle1 yet has t sort ( dignity :i* belongs to savage & uncultivat$ nature4 ,b :at is mo/ to be admir$ 9 him is ! p]fect correspond5ce :i* he obs]v$ betwe5 ! subjects :i* he *ose1 & 8 mann] ( treat+ !m4 ,ev]y?+ is ( a piece3 8 rocks1 trees1 sky1 ev5 to 8 h&l+ h ! same rude & wild "* :i* animates 8 figures4 ,to him we may contra/ ! "* ( ,c>lo ,m>atti1 :o1 9 my own op9ion1 _h no great vig\r ( m9d or /r5g? ( orig9al g5ius4 ,he r>ely seizes ! imag9ation by exhibit+ ! high] excell5ces1 nor does he captivate u by t orig9ality :i* att5ds ! pa9t] :o ?9ks = himself4 ,he knew & practis$ all ! rules ( art1 & f a composition ( ,raffaelle1 ,c>acci1 & ,guido1 made up a /yle1 ( :i* its only fault 01 t x _h no manife/ defects & no /rik+ beauties1 & t ! pr9ciples ( 8 composition are nev] bl5d$ toge!r1 s z to =m "o uni=m body1 orig9al 9 its k9d1 or excell5t 9 any view4 ,i w m5tion two o!r pa9t]s :o1 ?\gh entirely dissimil>1 yet by be+ ea* consi/5t ) himself1 & possess+ a mann] entirely 8 own1 h bo? ga9$ reputation1 ?\gh = v opposite accompli%m5ts4 ,! pa9t]s ,i mean are ,rub5s & ,p\ss94 ,rub5s ,i m5tion 9 ?is place1 z ,i ?9k him a rem>kable in/ance ( ! same m9d be+ se5 9 all ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! art4 ,! :ole is s mu* ( a piece t "o c sc>ce be br\ght to believe b t if any "o ( !m _h be5 m correct & p]fect1 8 works w\ld n be s complete z !y n[ appe>4 ,if we %\ld all[ a great] purity & correctness ( draw+1 8 want ( simplicity 9 composition1 col\r+1 & drap]y w\ld appe> m gross4 ,9 8 composition 8 art is too app>5t4 ,8 figures h expression1 & act ) en]gy1 b )\t simplicity or dignity4 ,8 col\r+1 9 :i* he is em95tly skill$1 is1 not)/&+1 too mu* ( :at we call t9t$4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( 8 works !re is a proportionable want ( t nicety ( di/9ction & elegance ( m9d :i* is requir$ 9 ! high] walks ( pa9t+2 & to ?is want x may be 9 "s degree ascrib$ t ^? qualities :i* make ! excell5cy ( ?is subord9ate /yle appe> 9 him ) _! greate/ lu/re4 ,inde$1 ! facility ) :i* he inv5t$1 ! ri*ness ( 8 composition1 ! luxuriant h>mony & brilliancy ( 8 col\r+1 s dazzle ! eye1 t :il/ 8 works cont9ue be=e u we _c help ?9k+ t all 8 defici5cies are fully suppli$4 ,oppos$ to ?is florid1 c>eless1 loose1 & inaccurate /yle1 t ( ! simple1 c>eful1 pure1 & correct /yle ( ,p\ss9 seems to be a complete contra/4 ,yet h[ev] opposite _! *>act]s1 9 "o ?+ !y agre$1 bo? ( !m hav+ a p]fect correspond5ce betwe5 all ! p>ts ( _! respective mann]s4 ,"o is n sure b e alt]ation ( :at is consid]$ z defective 9 ei!r1 w\ld de/roy ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,p\ss9 liv$ & conv]s$ ) ! anci5t /atues s long1 t he may be said to be bett] acqua9t$ ) !n ?an ) ! p :o 7 ab\t him4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght t he c>ri$ 8 v5]ation = !m s f> z to wi% to give 8 works ! air ( anci5t pa9t+s4 ,x is c]ta9 he copi$ "s ( ! antique pa9t+s1 p>ticul>ly ! ,m>riage 9 ! ,albrobr&9i ,palace at ,rome1 :i* ,i believe to be ! be/ relique ( ^? remote ages t has yet be5 f\nd4 ,no works ( any mod]n has s mu* ( ! air ( antique pa9t+ z ^? ( ,p\ss94 ,8 be/ p]=mances h a rem>kable dryness ( mann]1 :i*1 ?\gh by no means to be recomm5d$ = imitation1 yet seems p]fectly correspond5t to t anci5t simplicity :i* di/+ui%es 8 /yle4 ,l ,polidoro he /udi$ !m s mu*1 t he acquir$ a habit ( ?9k+ 9 _! way1 & seem$ to "k p]fectly ! actions & ge/ures !y w\ld use on e occasion4 ,p\ss9 9 ! latt] "p ( 8 life *ang$ f 8 dry mann] to "o mu* s(t] & ri*]1 :]e !re is a great] union betwe5 ! figures & ! gr\nd1 su* z ! ,sev5 ,sacram5ts 9 ! ,duke ( ,orleans' collection2 b nei!r ^!1 nor any 9 ?is mann]1 are at all comp>able to _m 9 8 dry mann] :i* we h 9 ,engl&4 ,! fav\rite subjects ( ,p\ss9 7 anci5t fables2 & no pa9t] 0 ev] bett] qualifi$ to pa9t su* subjects1 n only f 8 be+ em95tly skill$ 9 ! k ( c]emonies1 cu/oms1 & habits ( ! anci5ts1 b f 8 be+ s well acqua9t$ ) ! diff]5t *>act]s :i* ^? :o inv5t$ !m gave _! allegorical figures4 ,?\gh ,rub5s has %[n great fancy 9 8 ,satyrs1 ,sil5uses1 & ,fauns1 yet !y are n t di/9ct sep>ate class ( be+s :i* is c>efully exhibit$ by ! anci5ts & by ,p\ss94 ,c]ta9ly :5 su* subjects ( antiquity are repres5t$1 no?+ 9 ! picture ought to rem9d u ( mod]n times4 ,! m9d is ?r[n back into antiquity1 & no?+ ought to be introduc$ t may t5d to awak5 x f ! illusion4 ,p\ss9 seem$ to ?9k t ! /yle & ! language 9 :i* su* /ories are told is n ! worse = pres]v+ "s reli% ( ! old way ( pa9t+ :i* seem$ to give a g5]al uni=mity to ! :ole1 s t ! m9d 0 ?r[n back into antiquity n only by ! subject1 b ! execution4 ,if ,p\ss91 9 imitation ( ! anci5ts1 repres5ts ,apollo driv+ 8 *>iot out ( ! sea by way ( repres5t+ ! sun ris+1 if he p]sonifies lakes & riv]s1 x is no ways (f5sive 9 him2 b seems p]fectly ( a piece ) ! g5]al air ( ! picture4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ! figures :i* p 8 pictures _h a mod]n air or c\nt5ance1 if !y appe>$ l our c\ntrym51 if ! drap]ies 7 l clo? or silk ( our manufacture1 if ! l&scape _h ! appe>ance ( a mod]n view1 h[ ridicul\s w\ld ,apollo appe> in/ead ( ! sun1 an old man or a nymph ) an urn in/ead ( a riv] or lake4 ,i _c avoid m5tion+ "h a circum/ance 9 portrait pa9t+ :i* may help to confirm :at has be5 said4 ,:5 a portrait is pa9t$ 9 ! hi/orical /yle1 z x is nei!r an exact m9ute repres5tation ( an individual nor completely ideal1 e circum/ance ought to correspond to ?is mixture4 ,! simplicity ( ! antique air & attitude1 h[ev] mu* to be admir$1 is ridicul\s :5 jo9$ to a figure 9 a mod]n dress4 ,x is n to my purpose to ent] into ! "q at pres5t1 :e!r ?is mix$ /yle ought to be adopt$ or n2 yet if x is *os5 x is necess>y x %\ld be complete & all ( a piece3 ! diff]5ce ( /uffs1 = in/ance1 :i* make ! clo?+1 %\ld be di/+ui%$ 9 ! same degree z ! head deviates f a g5]al idea4 ,)\t ?is union1 :i* ,i h s (t5 recomm5d$1 a "w c h no m>k$ & det]m9$ "*1 :i* is ! peculi> & con/ant evid5ce ( g5ius4 ,b :5 ?is is accompli%$ to a high degree1 x becomes 9 "s sort a rival to t /yle :i* we h fix$ z ! highe/4 ,?us ,i h giv5 a sket* ( ! *>act]s ( ,rub5s & ,salvator ,rosa1 z !y appe> to me to h ! greate/ uni=mity ( m9d ?r\gh\t _! :ole "w4 ,b we may add to ^!1 all ^! arti/s :o are at ! head ( ! class1 & h _h a s*ool ( imitators f ,mi*ael ,angelo d[n to ,watteau4 ,^u ! :ole x appe>s t sett+ aside ! ornam5tal /yle1 !re are two diff]5t pa?s1 ei!r ( :i* a /ud5t may take )\t degrad+ ! dignity ( 8 art4 ,! fir/ is to comb9e ! high] excell5ces & embelli% !m to ! greate/ advantage4 ,! o!r is to c>ry "o ( ^! excell5ces to ! highe/ degree4 ,b ^? :o possess nei!r mu/ be class$ ) !m1 :o1 z ,%akespe>e says1 are m5 ( no m>k or likelihood4 ,i inculcate z frequ5tly z ,i c y\r =m+ y\rselves ^u great pr9ciples & great models4 ,y\r "t w be mu* missp5t 9 e o!r pursuit4 ,small excell5ces %\ld be view$1 n /udi$2 !y ought to be view$1 because no?+ ought to escape a pa9t]'s obs]vation1 b = no o!r reason4 ,!re is ano!r caution :i* ,i wi% to give y4 ,be z select 9 ^? :om y endeav\r to please1 z 9 ^? :om y endeav\r to imitate4 ,)\t ! love ( fame y c nev] d any?+ excell5t2 b by an excessive & undi/+ui%+ ?ir/ aft] x1 y w come to h vulg> views2 y w degrade y\r /yle2 & y\r ta/e w be entirely corrupt$4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! l[e/ /yle w be ! mo/ popul>1 z x falls )9 ! compass ( ignorance itself2 & ! vulg> w always be pleas$ ) :at is natural 9 ! conf9$ & misund]/ood s5se ( ! ^w4 ,"o w\ld wi% t su* depravation ( ta/e %\ld be c\nt]act$1 ) su* manly pride z ,euripides express$ to ! ,a!nians1 :o criticis$ 8 works1 ,i d n compose1 says he1 my works 9 ord] to be correct$ by y1 b to in/ruct y4 ,x is true1 to h a "r to speak ?us1 a man mu/ be a ,euripides4 ,h[ev]1 ?us mu* may be all[$1 t :5 an arti/ is sure t he is ^u firm gr\nd1 support$ by ! au?ority & practice ( 8 pr$ecessors ( ! greate/ reputation1 he may !n assume ! boldness & intrepidity ( g5ius2 at any rate1 he mu/ n be tempt$ out ( ! "r pa? by any tide ( popul>ity t always accompanies ! l[] /yles ( pa9t+4 ,i m5tion ?is1 because our exhibitions1 t produce su* admirable effects by n\ri%+ emulation1 & call+ out g5ius1 h also a mis*iev\s t5d5cy by s$uc+ ! pa9t] to an ambition ( pleas+ indiscrim9ately ! mix$ multitude ( p :o resort to !m4 ,a ,,disc\rse ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aggd1 by ! ,presid5t4 ,g5tlem51--,:5 ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty ( address+ y on ! c\rse & ord] ( y\r /udies1 ,i nev] propos$ to ent] into a m9ute detail ( ! art4 ,?is ,i h always left to ! sev]al pr(essors1 :o pursue ! end ( our in/itution ) ! highe/ hon\r to !mselves1 & ) ! greate/ advantage to ! /ud5ts4 ,my purpose 9 ! disc\rses ,i h held 9 ! ,academy is to lay d[n c]ta9 g5]al ideas1 :i* seem to me prop] = ! =mation ( a s\nd ta/e2 pr9ciples necess>y to gu>d ! pupils aga9/ ^? errors into :i* ! sangu9e temp] common at _! "t ( life1 has a t5d5cy to lead !m1 & :i* h r5d]$ abortive ! hopes ( s _m successions ( promis+ "y m5 9 all p>ts ( ,europe4 ,i wi%1 also1 to int]cept & suppress ^? prejudices :i* p>ticul>ly prevail :5 ! me*anism ( pa9t+ is come to its p]fection1 & :i* :5 !y d prevail are c]ta9 to prevail to ! utt] de/ruction ( ! high] & m valuable p>ts ( ?is lit]ate & lib]al pr(ession4 ,^! two h be5 my pr9cipal purposes2 !y are /ill z mu* my conc]n z ev]2 & if ,i repeat my own ideas on ! subject1 y :o "k h[ fa/ mi/ake & prejudice1 :5 neglect$1 ga9 gr\nd ^u tru? & reason1 w easily excuse me4 ,i only attempt to set ! same ?+ 9 ! greate/ v>iety ( lights4 ,! subject ( ?is disc\rse w be imitation1 z f> z a pa9t] is conc]n$ 9 x4 ,by imitation ,i d n mean imitation 9 its l>ge/ s5se1 b simply ! foll[+ ( o!r ma/]s1 & ! advantage to be drawn f ! /udy ( _! works4 ,^? :o h und]tak5 to write on our art1 & h repres5t$ x z a k9d ( inspiration1 z a gift be/[$ ^u peculi> fav\rites at _! bir?1 seem to ensure a mu* m fav\rable disposition f _! read]s1 & h a mu* m captivat+ & lib]al air1 ?an he :o goes ab\t to exam9e1 coldly1 :e!r !re are any means by :i* ?is art may be acquir$2 h[ our m9d may be /r5g!n$ & exp&$1 & :at guides w %[ ! way to em95ce4 ,x is v natural = ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! cause ( any?+ extraord9>y to be a/oni%$ at ! effect1 & to consid] x z a k9d ( magic4 ,!y1 :o h nev] obs]v$ ! gradation by :i* art is acquir$1 :o see only :at is ! full result ( long lab\r & application ( an inf9ite numb]1 & inf9ite v>iety ( acts1 are apt to conclude f _! entire inability to d ! same at once1 t x is n only inaccessible to !mselves1 b c be done by ^? only :o h "s gift ( ! nature ( inspiration be/[$ ^u !m4 ,! travell]s into ! ,ea/ tell u t :5 ! ignorant inhabitants ( ^! c\ntries are ask$ conc]n+ ! ru9s ( /ately edifices yet rema9+ among/ !m1 ! melan*oly monum5ts ( _! =m] gr&eur & long-lo/ sci5ce1 !y always answ] t !y 7 built by magicians4 ,! untaught m9d f9ds a va/ gulf betwe5 its own p[]s & ^! works ( complicat$ art :i* x is utt]ly unable to fa?om4 ,& x supposes t su* a void c be pass$ only by sup]natural p[]s4 ,&1 z = arti/s !mselves1 x is by no means _! int]e/ to undeceive su* judges1 h[ev] consci\s !y may be ( ! v natural means by :i* ! extraord9>y p[]s 7 acquir$2 our art be+ intr9sically imitative1 rejects ?is idea ( inspiration m1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r4 ,x is to avoid ?is pla9 confession ( tru?1 z x %\ld seem1 t ?is imitation ( ma/]s--inde$1 almo/ all imitation :i* implies a m regul> & progressive me?od ( atta9+ ! ends ( pa9t+--has ev] be5 p>ticul>ly inveigh$ aga9/ ) great ke5ness1 bo? by anci5t & mod]n writ]s4 ,to d]ive all f native p[]1 to owe no?+ to ano!r1 is ! praise :i* m51 :o d n mu* ?9k :at !y are say+1 be/[ sometimes ^u o!rs1 & sometimes on !mselves2 & _! imag9>y dignity is naturally height5$ by a sup]cili\s c5sure ( ! l[1 ! b>r51 ! grovell+1 ! s]vile imitator4 ,x w\ld be no wond] if a /ud5t1 fright5$ by ^! t]rors & disgraceful epi!ts1 ) :i* ! poor imitators are s (t5 load$1 %\ld let fall 8 p5cil 9 m]e despair1 consci\s h[ mu* he has be5 indebt$ to ! lab\rs ( o!rs1 h[ little1 h[ v little ( 8 art 0 born ) him2 &1 consid]+ x z hopeless1 to set ab\t acquir+ by ! imitation ( any human ma/] :at he is taught to suppose is matt] ( inspiration f heav54 ,"s all[ance mu/ be made = :at is said 9 ! gaiety or ambition ( rhetoric4 ,we _c suppose t any "o c really mean to exclude all imitation ( o!rs4 ,a position s wild w\ld sc>ce des]ve a s]i\s answ]1 = x is app>5t1 if we 7 =bid to make use ( ! advantages :i* our pr$ecessors af=d u1 ! art w\ld be always to beg91 & consequ5tly rema9 always 9 its infant /ate2 & x is a common obs]vation t no art 0 ev] inv5t$ & c>ri$ to p]fection at ! same "t4 ,b to br+ u entirely to reason & sobriety1 let x be obs]v$1 t a pa9t] mu/ n only be ( necessity an imitator ( ! works ( nature1 :i* alone is suffici5t to dispel ?is phantom ( inspiration1 b he mu/ be z necess>ily an imitator ( ! works ( o!r pa9t]s4 ,?is appe>s m humiliat+1 b x is equally true2 & no man c be an arti/1 :atev] he may suppose1 ^u any o!r t]ms4 ,h[ev]1 ^? :o appe> m mod]ate & reasonable all[ t /udy is to beg9 by imitation1 b t we %\ld no long] use ! ?\ghts ( our pr$ecessors :5 we are become able to ?9k = ourselves4 ,!y hold t imitation is z hurtful to ! m advanc$ /ud5t z x 0 advantage\s to ! beg9n]4 ,= my own "p1 ,i confess ,i am n only v mu* dispos$ to lay d[n ! absolute necessity ( imitation 9 ! fir/ /ages ( ! art1 b am ( op9ion t ! /udy ( o!r ma/]s1 :i* ,i "h call imitation1 may be ext5d$ ?r\gh\t our :ole life )\t any dang] ( ! inconv5i5ces ) :i* x is *>g$1 ( enfeebl+ ! m9d1 or prev5t+ u f giv+ t orig9al air :i* e "w und\bt$ly ought always to h4 ,i am1 on ! contr>y1 p]suad$ t by imitation only1 v>iety1 & ev5 orig9ality ( inv5tion is produc$4 ,i w g fur!r2 ev5 g5ius1 at lea/ :at g5]ally is s call$1 is ! *ild ( imitation4 ,b z ?is appe>s to be contr>y to ! g5]al op9ion1 ,i mu/ expla9 my position be=e ,i en=ce x4 ,g5ius is suppos$ to be a p[] ( produc+ excell5ces :i* are out ( ! rea* ( ! rules ( art--a p[] :i* no precepts c tea*1 & :i* no indu/ry c acquire4 ,?is op9ion ( ! impossibility ( acquir+ ^? beauties :i* /amp ! "w ) ! "* ( g5ius1 supposes t x is some?+ m fix$ ?an 9 reality x is1 & t we always d1 & ev] did agree1 ab\t :at %\ld be consid]$ z a *>act]i/ic ( g5ius4 ,b ! tru? is t ! degree ( excell5ce :i* proclaims g5ius is diff]5t 9 diff]5t times & diff]5t places2 & :at %[s x to be s is t mank9d h (t5 *ang$ _! op9ion ^u ?is matt]4 ,:5 ! arts 7 9 _! infancy1 ! p[] ( m]ely draw+ ! lik5ess ( any object 0 consid]$ z "o ( its greate/ ef=ts4 ,! common p1 ignorant ( ! pr9ciples ( art1 talk ! same language ev5 to ?is day4 ,b :5 x 0 f\nd t e man c\ld be taught to d ?is1 & a great deal m1 m]ely by ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 precepts1 ! "n ( g5ius !n %ift$ its application1 & 0 giv5 only to ^? :o add$ ! peculi> "* ( ! object !y repres5t$2 to ^? :o _h inv5tion1 expression1 grace1 or dignity2 or1 9 %ort1 su* qualities or excell5ces ! produc+ ( :i* c\ld n !n be taught by any kn[n & promulgat$ rules4 ,we are v sure t ! beauty ( =m1 ! expression ( ! passions1 ! art ( composition1 ev5 ! p[] ( giv+ a g5]al air ( gr&eur to y\r "w1 is at pres5t v mu* "u ! dom9ion ( rules4 ,^! excell5ces 71 h]et(ore1 consid]$ m]ely z ! effects ( g5ius2 & ju/ly1 if g5ius is n tak5 = inspiration1 b z ! effect ( close obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,he :o fir/ made any ( ^! obs]vations & dige/$ !m1 s z to =m an inv>iable pr9ciple = himself to "w by1 _h t m]it2 b probably no "o w5t v f> at once2 & g5]ally ! fir/ :o gave ! h9t did n "k h[ to pursue x /eadily & me?odically1 at lea/ n 9 ! beg9n+4 ,he himself work$ on x1 & improv$ x2 o!rs work$ m1 & improv$ f>!r1 until ! secret 0 discov]$1 & ! practice made z g5]al z ref9$ practice c be made4 ,h[ _m m pr9ciples may be fix$ & asc]ta9$ we _c tell2 b z criticism is likely to g h& 9 h& ) ! art :i* is its subject1 we may v5ture to say t z t art %all advance1 its p[]s w be /ill m & m fix$ by rules4 ,b by :atev] /rides criticism may ga9 gr\nd1 we ne$ be "u no appreh5sion t inv5tion w ev] be annihilat$ or subdu$1 or intellectual en]gy be br\ght entirely )9 ! re/ra9t ( writt5 law4 ,g5ius w /ill h room en\gh to expatiate1 & keep always ! same di/ance f n>r[ compreh5sion & me*anical p]=mance4 ,:at we n[ call g5ius beg9s1 n :]e rules1 ab/ract$ly tak51 end1 b :]e kn[n vulg> & trite rules h no long] any place4 ,x mu/ ( necessity be t ev5 works ( g5ius1 z well z e o!r effect1 z x mu/ h its cause1 mu/ likewise h its rules2 x _c be by *ance t excell5ces are produc$ ) any con/ancy1 or any c]ta9ty1 = ?is is n ! nature ( *ance1 b ! rules by :i* m5 ( extraord9>y p>ts1 & su* z are call$ m5 ( g5ius "w1 are ei!r su* z !y discov] by _! own peculi> obs]vation1 or ( su* a nice texture z n easily to admit h&l+ or express+ 9 words1 especially z arti/s are n v frequ5tly skilful 9 t mode ( communicat+ ideas4 ,unsub/antial1 h[ev]1 z ^! rules may seem1 & difficult z x may be to convey !m 9 writ+1 !y are /ill se5 & felt 9 ! m9d ( ! arti/1 & he works f !m ) z mu* c]ta9ty z if !y 7 embodi$1 z ,i may say1 ^u pap]4 ,x is true ^! ref9$ pr9ciples _c be always made palpable1 l ! m gross rules ( art2 yet x does n foll[ b t ! m9d may be put 9 su* a tra9 t x %all p]ceive1 by a k9d ( sci5tific s5se1 t propriety :i* words1 p>ticul>ly words ( unpractis$ writ]s su* z we are1 c b v feebly sugge/4 ,inv5tion is "o ( ! great m>ks ( g5ius1 b if we consult exp]i5ce1 we %all f9d t x is by be+ conv]sant ) ! inv5tions ( o!rs t we le>n to inv5t1 z by read+ ! ?\ghts ( o!rs we le>n to ?9k4 ,:oev] has s f> =m$ 8 ta/e z to be able to reli% & feel ! beauties ( ! great ma/]s has gone a great way 9 8 /udy2 =1 m]ely f a consci\sness ( ?is reli% ( ! "r1 ! m9d swells ) an inw>d pride1 & is almo/ z p[]fully affect$ z if x _h itself produc$ :at x admires4 ,our he>ts frequ5tly w>m$ 9 ?is mann] by ! contact ( ^? :om we wi% to resemble1 w und\bt$ly cat* some?+ ( _! way ( ?9k+1 & we %all receive 9 our own bosoms "s radiation at lea/ ( _! fire & spl5d\r4 ,t disposition1 :i* is s /rong 9 *ildr51 /ill cont9ues ) u1 ( cat*+ involunt>ily ! g5]al air & mann] ( ^? ) :om we are mo/ conv]sant2 ) ?is diff]5ce only1 t a "y m9d is naturally pliable & imitative1 b 9 a m advanc$ /ate x gr[s rigid1 & mu/ be w>m$ & s(t5$ be=e x w receive a deep impression4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 :i* a little ( y\r reflection w c>ry a great way fur!r1 x appe>s ( :at great consequ5ce x is t our m9ds %\ld be habituat$ to ! contemplation ( excell5ce1 & t1 f> f be+ cont5t$ to make su* habits ! discipl9e ( our y\? only1 we %\ld1 to ! la/ mom5t ( our lives1 cont9ue a settl$ int]c\rse ) all ! true examples ( gr&eur4 ,_! inv5tions are n only ! food ( our infancy1 b ! sub/ance :i* supplies ! fulle/ maturity ( our vig\r4 ,! m9d is b a b>r5 soil2 is a soil soon exhau/$1 & w produce no crop1 or only "o1 unless x be cont9ually f]tilis$ & enri*$ ) =eign matt]4 ,:5 we h _h cont9ually be=e u ! great works ( art to impregnate our m9ds ) k9dr$ ideas1 we are !n1 & n till !n1 fit to produce some?+1 ( ! same species4 ,we behold all ab\t u ) ! eyes ( ^! p5etrat+ obs]v]s1 & our m9ds1 accu/om$ to ?9k ! ?\ghts ( ! noble/ & brighte/ intellects1 are prep>$ = ! discov]y & selection ( all t is great & noble 9 nature4 ,! greate/ natural g5ius _c subsi/ on its own /ock3 he :o resolves nev] to ransack any m9d b 8 own w be soon r$uc$1 f m]e b>r5ness1 to ! poore/ ( all imitations2 he w be oblig$ to imitate himself1 & to repeat :at he has be=e (t5 repeat$4 ,:5 we "k ! subject design$ by su* m51 x w nev] be difficult to guess :at k9d ( "w is to be produc$4 ,x is va9 = pa9t]s or poets to endeav\r to inv5t )\t mat]ials on :i* ! m9d may "w1 & f :i* inv5tion mu/ orig9ate4 ,no?+ c come ( no?+4 ,hom] is suppos$ to be possess$ ( all ! le>n+ ( 8 "t4 ,& we are c]ta9 t ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raffaelle 7 equally possess$ ( all k 9 ! art :i* 0 discov]able 9 ! works ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,a m9d enri*$ by an assemblage ( all ! treasures ( anci5t & mod]n art w be m elevat$ & fruitful 9 res\rces 9 proportion to ! numb] ( ideas :i* h be5 c>efully collect$ & ?or\ghly dige/$4 ,!re c be no d\bt t he :o has ! mo/ mat]ials has ! greate/ means ( inv5tion2 & if he has n ! p[] ( us+ !m1 x mu/ proce$ f a feebl5ess ( intellect or f ! confus$ mann] 9 :i* ^? collections h be5 laid up 9 8 m9d4 ,! addition ( o!r m5's judgm5t is s f> f weak5+1 z is ! op9ion ( _m1 our own1 t x w fa%ion & consolidate ^? ideas ( excell5ce :i* lay 9 _! bir? feeble1 ill-%ap$1 & confus$1 b :i* are f9i%$ & put 9 ord] by ! au?ority & practice ( ^? ^: works may be said to h be5 consecrat$ by hav+ /ood ! te/ ( ages4 ,! m9d1 or g5ius1 has be5 comp>$ to a sp>k ( fire :i* is smo!r$ by a heap ( fuel & prev5t$ f blaz+ into a flame4 ,?is simile1 :i* is made use ( by ! y\ng] ,pl9y1 may be easily mi/ak5 = argum5t or pro(4 ,!re is no dang] ( ! m9d's be+ ov]-burd5$ ) k1 or ! g5ius ext+ui%$ by any addition ( images2 on ! contr>y1 ^! acquisitions may z well1 p]haps bett]1 be comp>$1 if comp>isons signifi$ any?+ 9 reason+1 to ! supply ( liv+ emb]s1 :i* w contribute to /r5g!n ! sp>k t )\t ! association ( m w\ld h di$ away4 ,! tru? is1 he ^: feebl5ess is su* z to make o!r m5's ?\ghts an incumbrance to him c h no v great /r5g? ( m9d or g5ius ( 8 own to be de/roy$1 s t n mu* h>m w be done at wor/4 ,we may oppose to ,pl9y ! great] au?ority ( ,cic]o1 :o is cont9ually en=c+ ! necessity ( ?is me?od ( /udy4 ,9 8 dialogue on ,oratory he makes ,crassus say1 t "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ important precepts is to *oose a prop] model = our imitation4 ,hoc fit primum 9 preceptis meis ut demon/remus quem imitemur4 ,:5 ,i speak ( ! habitual imitation & cont9u$ /udy ( ma/]s1 x is n to be und]/ood t ,i advise any endeav\r to copy ! exact peculi> col\r & complexion ( ano!r man's m9d2 ! success ( su* an attempt mu/ always be l 8 :o imitates exactly ! air1 mann]1 & ge/ures ( him :om he admires4 ,8 model may be excell5t1 b ! copy w be ridicul\s2 ?is ridicule does n arise f 8 hav+ imitat$1 b f 8 n hav+ *os5 ! "r mode ( imitation4 ,x is a necess>y & w>rantable pride to disda9 to walk s]vilely beh9d any individual1 h[ev] elevat$ 8 rank4 ,! true & lib]al gr\nd ( imitation is an op5 field1 :]e1 ?\gh he :o prec$es has _h ! advantage ( />t+ be=e y1 yet x is en\gh to pursue 8 c\rse2 y ne$ n tread 9 8 foot/eps1 & y c]ta9ly h a "r to out/rip him if y c4 ,nor1 :il/ ,i recomm5d /udy+ ! art f arti/s1 c ,i be suppos$ to mean t nature is to be neglect$8 ,i take ?is /udy 9 aid & n 9 exclusion ( ! o!r4 ,nature is1 & mu/ be1 ! f\nta9 :i* alone is inexhau/ible2 & f :i* all excell5ces mu/ orig9ally fl[4 ,! great use ( /udy+ our pr$ecessors is to op5 ! m9d1 to %ort5 our lab\r1 & to give u ! result ( ! selection made by ^? great m9ds ( :at is gr& or beautiful 9 nature3 h] ri* /ores are all spread out be=e u2 b x is an art1 & no easy art1 to "k h[ or :at to *oose1 & h[ to atta9 & secure ! object ( our *oice4 ,?us ! highe/ beauty ( =m mu/ be tak5 f nature2 b x is an art ( long d$uction & great exp]i5ce to "k h[ to f9d x4 ,we mu/ n cont5t ourselves ) m]ely admir+ & reli%+2 we mu/ ent] into ! pr9ciples on :i* ! "w is wr\ght2 ^! d n swim on ! sup]ficies1 & consequ5tly are n op5 to sup]ficial obs]v]s4 ,art 9 its p]fection is n o/5tati\s2 x lies hid1 & works its effect itself unse54 ,x is ! prop] /udy & lab\r ( an arti/ to uncov] & f9d out ! lat5t cause ( conspicu\s beauties1 & f !nce =m pr9ciples = 8 own conduct2 su* an exam9ation is a cont9ual ex]tion ( ! m9d1 z great1 p]haps1 z t ( ! arti/ ^: works he is ?us /udy+4 ,! sagaci\s imitator n only rem>ks :at di/+ui%es ! diff]5t mann] or g5ius ( ea* ma/]2 he ent]s into ! contrivance 9 ! composition1 h[ ! masses ( lights are dispos$1 ! means by :i* ! effect is produc$1 h[ artfully "s p>ts are lo/ 9 ! gr\nd1 o!rs boldly reliev$1 & h[ all ^! are mutually alt]$ & int]*ang$ accord+ to ! reason & s*eme ( ! "w4 ,he admires n ! h>mony ( col\r+ alone1 b he exam9es by :at artifice "o col\r is a foil to its neighb\r4 ,he looks close into ! t9ts1 ( :at col\rs !y are compos$1 till he has =m$ cle> & di/9ct ideas1 & has le>nt to see 9 :at h>mony & good col\r+ consi/s4 ,:at is le>nt 9 ?is mann] f ! works ( o!rs becomes really our own1 s9ks deep1 & is nev] =gott52 nay1 x is by seiz+ on ?is clue t we proce$ =w>d1 & get fur!r & fur!r 9 enl>g+ ! pr9ciple & improv+ ! practice4 ,!re c be no d\bt b ! art is bett] le>nt f ! works !mselves ?an f ! precepts :i* are =m$ ^u ^! works2 b if x is difficult to *oose prop] models = imitation1 x requires no less circumspection to sep>ate & di/+ui% :at 9 ^? models we ought to imitate4 ,i _c avoid m5tion+ "h1 ?\gh x is n my int5tion at pres5t to ent] into ! art & me?od ( /udy1 an error :i* /ud5ts are too apt to fall into4 ,he t is =m+ himself mu/ look ) great caution & w>9ess on ^? peculi>ities1 or prom95t p>ts1 :i* at fir/ =ce !mselves ^u view1 & are ! m>ks1 or :at is commonly call$ ! mann]1 by :i* t individual arti/ is di/+ui%$4 ,peculi> m>ks ,i hold to be g5]ally1 if n always1 defects1 h[ev] difficult x may be1 :olly to escape !m4 ,peculi>ities 9 ! works ( art are l ^? 9 ! human figure2 x is by !m t we are cognisable & di/+ui%$ "o f ano!r1 b !y are always s _m blemi%es1 :i*1 h[ev]1 bo? 9 ! "o case & 9 ! o!r1 cease to appe> de=mities to ^? :o h !m cont9ually be=e _! eyes4 ,9 ! works ( art1 ev5 ! mo/ enlight5$ m9d1 :5 w>m$ by beauties ( ! highe/ k9d1 w by degrees f9d a repugnance )9 him to ackn[l$ge any defects2 nay1 8 en?usiasm w c>ry him s f> z to trans=m !m into beauties & objects ( imitation4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t a peculi>ity ( /yle1 ei!r f its novelty1 or by seem+ to proce$ f a peculi> turn ( m9d1 (t5 escapes blame2 on ! contr>y1 x is sometimes /rik+ & pleas+2 b ?is x is va9 lab\r to endeav\r to imitate1 because novelty & peculi>ity be+ its only m]it1 :5 x ceases to be new1 x ceases to h value4 ,a mann]1 !re=e1 be+ a defect1 & e pa9t]1 h[ev] excell5t1 hav+ a mann]1 x seems to foll[ t all k9ds ( faults1 z well z beauties1 may be le>n$ "u ! sanction ( ! greate/ au?orities4 ,ev5 ! great "n ( ,mi*ael ,angelo may be us$ to keep 9 c\nt5ance a defici5cy1 or r neglect ( col\r+1 & e o!r ornam5tal "p ( ! art4 ,if ! "y /ud5t is dry & h>d1 ,p\ss9 is ! same4 ,if 8 "w has a c>eless & unf9i%$ air1 he has mo/ ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool to support him4 ,if he makes no selection ( objects1 b takes individual nature j z he f9ds x1 he is l ,rembr&t4 ,if he is incorrect 9 ! proportions ( 8 figures1 ,correggio 0 likewise incorrect4 ,if 8 col\rs are n bl5d$ & unit$1 ,rub5s 0 equally crude4 ,9 %ort1 !re is no defect b may be excus$1 if x is a suffici5t excuse t x c be imput$ to consid]able arti/s2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t x 0 n by ^! defects !y acquir$ _! reputation3 !y h a "r to our p>don1 b n to our admiration4 ,h[ev]1 to imitate peculi>ities or mi/ake defects = beauties t man w be mo/ liable :o conf9es 8 imitation to "o fav\rite ma/]2 &1 ev5 ?\gh he *ooses ! be/1 & is capable ( di/+ui%+ ! real excell5ces ( 8 model1 x is n by su* n>r[ practice t a g5ius or ma/]y 9 ! art is acquir$4 ,a man is z little likely to =m a true idea ( ! p]fection ( ! art by /udy+ a s+le arti/ z he w\ld be ( produc+ a p]fectly beautiful figure by an exact imitation ( any individual liv+ model4 ,& z ! pa9t]1 by br++ toge!r 9 "o piece ^? beauties :i* are disp]s$ among/ a great v>iety ( individuals1 produces a figure m beautiful ?an c be f\nd 9 nature1 s t arti/ :o c unite 9 himself ! excell5ces ( ! v>i\s pa9t]s1 w approa* ne>] to p]fection ?an any "o ( 8 ma/]s4 ,he :o conf9es himself to ! imitation ( an individual1 z he nev] proposes to surpass1 s he is n likely to equal1 ! object ( imitation4 ,he pr(esses only to foll[1 & he t foll[s mu/ necess>ily be beh9d4 ,we %\ld imitate ! conduct ( ! great arti/s 9 ! c\rse ( _! /udies1 z well z ! works :i* !y produc$1 :5 !y 7 p]fectly =m$4 ,raffaelle began by imitat+ implicitly ! mann] ( ,pietro ,p]ug9o1 "u :om he /udi$2 s 8 fir/ works are sc>ce to be di/+ui%$ f 8 ma/]'s2 b soon =m+ high] & m ext5sive views1 he imitat$ ! gr& outl9e ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,he le>nt ! mann] ( us+ col\rs f ! works ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,fratre ,b>tolomeo3 to all ?is he add$ ! contemplation ( all ! rema9s ( antiquity t 7 )9 8 rea*1 & employ$ o!rs to draw = him :at 0 9 ,greece & di/ant places4 ,& x is f 8 hav+ tak5 s _m models t he became himself a model = all succe$+ pa9t]s1 always imitat+1 & always orig9al4 ,if y\r ambition !re=e be to equal ,raffaelle1 y mu/ d z ,raffaelle did2 take _m models1 & n take ev5 him = y\r guide alone to ! exclusion ( o!rs4 ,& yet ! numb] is inf9ite ( ^? :o seem1 if "o may judge by _! /yle1 to h se5 no o!r works b ^? ( _! ma/]1 or ( "s fav\rite ^: mann] is _! fir/ wi% & _! la/4 ,i w m5tion a few t occur to me ( ?is n>r[1 conf9$1 illib]al1 unsci5tific1 & s]vile k9d ( imitators4 ,guido 0 ?us meanly copi$ by ,elizabetta ,sirani1 & ,simone ,cant>9i2 ,p\ss91 by ,v]di] & ,*]on2 ,p>migiano1 by ,j]onimo ,mazzuoli2 ,paolo ,v]onese & ,iacomo ,bassan _h = _! imitators _! bro!rs & sons2 ,pietro de ,cortona 0 foll[$ by ,ciro ,f]ri & ,romanelli2 ,rub5s1 by ,jacques ,jordans & ,diep5beck2 ,gu]c9o1 by 8 own family1 ! ,g5n>i2 ,c>lo ,m>ratti 0 imitat$ by ,giuseppe ,*i>i & ,pietro da ,pietri2 & ,rembr&t1 by ,bram]1 ,eckh\t1 & ,fl9k4 ,all ^!1 to :om may be add$ a mu* long] li/ ( pa9t]s1 ^: works among ! ignorant pass = ^? ( _! ma/]s1 are ju/ly to be c5sur$ = b>r5ness & s]vility4 ,to oppose to ?is li/ a few t h adopt$ a m lib]al /yle ( imitation3 ,pelegr9o ,tibaldi1 ,rosso1 & ,primaticio did n coldly imitate1 b caught some?+ ( ! fire t animates ! works ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! ,c>ra*es =m$ _! /yle f ,pelegr9o ,tibaldi1 ,correggio1 & ! ,v5etian ,s*ool4 ,dom5i*9o1 ,guido1 ,lanfranco1 ,albano1 ,gu]c9o1 ,cavidone1 ,s*idone1 ,ti>9i1 ?\gh x is suffici5tly app>5t t !y came f ! ,s*ool ( ! ,c>ra*es1 h yet ! appe>ance ( m5 :o ext5d$ _! views beyond ! model t lay be=e !m1 & h %[n t !y _h op9ions ( _! own1 & ?\ght = !mselves1 aft] !y _h made !mselves ma/]s ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ( _! s*ools4 ,le ,seure's fir/ mann] resembles v mu* t ( 8 ma/] ,vovet3 b z he soon excell$ him1 s he diff]$ f him 9 e "p ( ! art4 ,c>lo ,m>ratti succe$$ bett] ?an ^? ,i h fir/ nam$1 & ,i ?9k owes 8 sup]iority to ! ext5sion ( 8 views2 besides 8 ma/] ,&rea ,sac*i1 he imitat$ ,raffaelle1 ,guido1 & ! ,c>ra*es4 ,x is true1 !re is no?+ v captivat+ 9 ,c>lo ,m>ratti2 b ?is proce$$ f wants :i* _c be completely suppli$2 t is1 want ( /r5g? ( p>ts4 ,9 ?is1 c]ta9ly m5 are n equal1 & a man c br+ home w>es only 9 proportion to ! capital ) :i* he goes to m>ket4 ,c>lo1 by dilig5ce1 made ! mo/ ( :at he _h2 b !re 0 und\bt$ly a heav9ess ab\t him1 :i* ext5d$ itself1 uni=mly to 8 inv5tion1 expression1 8 draw+1 col\r+1 & ! g5]al effect ( 8 pictures4 ,! tru? is1 he nev] equall$ any ( 8 patt]ns 9 any "o ?+1 & he add$ little ( 8 own4 ,b we mu/ n re/ cont5t$1 ev5 9 ?is g5]al /udy ( ! mod]ns2 we mu/ trace back ! art to its f\nta9 head1 to t s\rce f :5ce !y drew _! pr9cipal excell5ces1 ! monum5ts ( pure antiquity4 ,all ! inv5tions & ?\ghts ( ! anci5ts1 :e!r convey$ to u 9 /atues1 bas-reliefs1 intaglios1 cameos1 or co9s1 are to be s\ght aft] & c>efully /udi$3 ,! g5ius t hov]s ov] ^! v5]able relics may be call$ ! fa!r ( mod]n art4 ,f ! rema9s ( ! works ( ! anci5ts ! mod]n arts 7 reviv$1 & x is by _! means t !y mu/ be re/or$ a second "t4 ,h[ev] x may mortify our vanity1 we mu/ be =c$ to all[ !m our ma/]s2 & we may v5ture to prophecy1 t :5 !y %all cease to be /udi$1 arts w no long] fl\ri%1 & we %all aga9 relapse into b>b>ism4 ,! fire ( ! arti/'s own g5ius op]at+ ^u ^! mat]ials :i* h be5 ?us dilig5tly collect$1 w enable him to make new comb9ations1 p]haps1 sup]ior to :at _h ev] be=e be5 9 ! possession ( ! art4 ,z 9 ! mixture ( ! v>iety ( metals1 :i* are said to h be5 melt$ & run toge!r at ! burn+ ( ,cor9?1 a new & till !n unkn[n metal 0 produc$ equal 9 value to any ( ^? t _h contribut$ to its composition4 ,& ?\gh a curi\s ref9] may come ) 8 crucibles1 analyse & sep>ate its v>i\s compon5t p>ts1 yet ,cor9?ian brass w\ld /ill hold its rank among/ ! mo/ beautiful & valuable ( metals4 ,we h hi!rto consid]$ ! advantages ( imitation z x t5ds to =m ! ta/e1 & z a practice by :i* a sp>k ( t g5ius may be caught :i* illum9es ^! noble works1 t ought always to be pres5t to our ?\ghts4 ,we come n[ to speak ( ano!r k9d ( imitation2 ! borr[+ a p>ticul> ?\ght1 an action1 attitude1 or figure1 & transplant+ x into y\r own "w3 ?is w ei!r come "u ! *>ge ( plagi>ism1 or be w>rantable1 & des]ve comm5dation1 accord+ to ! address ) :i* x is p]=m$4 ,!re is "s diff]5ce likewise :e!r x is ^u ! anci5ts or ! mod]ns t ^! depr$ations are made4 ,x is g5]ally all[$ t no man ne$ be a%am$ ( copy+ ! anci5ts3 _! works are consid]$ z a magaz9e ( common prop]ty1 always op5 to ! public1 :5ce e man has a "r to :at mat]ials he pleases2 & if he has ! art ( us+ !m1 !y are suppos$ to become to all int5ts & purposes 8 own prop]ty4 ,! collection :i* ,raffaelle made ( ! ?\ghts ( ! anci5ts ) s mu* tr\ble1 is a pro( ( 8 op9ion on ?is subject4 ,su* collections may be made ) mu* m ease1 by means ( an art sc>ce kn[n 9 8 "t2 ,i mean t ( engrav+1 by :i*1 at an easy rate1 e man may n[ avail himself ( ! inv5tions ( antiquity4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! works ( ! mod]ns are m ! prop]ty ( _! au?ors2 he :o borr[s an idea f an arti/1 or p]haps f a mod]n1 n 8 contempor>y1 & s accommodates x to 8 own "w t x makes a "p ( x1 ) no seam or jo9+ appe>+1 c h>dly be *>g$ ) plagi>ism2 poets practise ?is k9d ( borr[+ )\t res]ve4 ,b an arti/ %\ld n be cont5t$ ) ?is only2 he %\ld ent] into a competition ) 8 orig9al1 & endeav\r to improve :at he is appropriat+ to 8 own "w4 ,su* imitation is s f> f hav+ any?+ 9 x ( ! s]vility ( plagi>ism1 t x is a p]petual ex]cise ( ! m9d1 a cont9ual inv5tion4 ,borr[+ or /eal+ ) su* art & caution w h a "r to ! same l5ity z 0 us$ by ! ,lac$emonians2 :o did n puni% !ft1 b ! want ( artifice to conceal x4 ,9 ord] to enc\rage y to imitation1 to ! utmo/ ext5t1 let me add1 t v f9i%$ arti/s 9 ! inf]ior bran*es ( ! art w contribute to furni% ! m9d & give h9ts ( :i* a skilful pa9t]1 :o is s5sible ( :at he wants1 & is 9 no dang] ( be+ infect$ by ! contact ( vici\s models1 w "k h[ to avail himself4 ,he w pick up f dunghills :at by a nice *emi/ry1 pass+ ?r\gh 8 own m9d1 %all be conv]t$ into pure gold2 &1 "u ! rud5ess ( ,go?ic essays1 he w f9d orig9al1 rational1 & ev5 sublime inv5tions4 ,9 ! luxuriant /yle ( ,paul ,v]onese1 9 ! caprici\s compositions ( ,t9toret1 he w f9d some?+ t w assi/ 8 inv5tion1 & give po9ts1 f :i* 8 own imag9ation %all rise & take flight1 :5 ! subject :i* he treats w1 ) propriety1 admit ( spl5did effects4 ,9 e s*ool1 :e!r ,v5etian1 ,fr5*1 or ,dut*1 he w f9d ei!r +5i\s compositions1 extraord9>y effects1 "s peculi> expressions1 or "s me*anical excell5ce1 well wor?y 8 att5tion &1 9 "s measure1 ( 8 imitation2 ev5 9 ! l[] class ( ! ,fr5* pa9t]s1 great beauties are (t5 f\nd unit$ ) great defects4 ,?\gh ,coypel want$ a simplicity ( ta/e1 & mi/ook a presumptu\s & assum+ air = :at is gr& & maje/ic2 yet he frequ5tly has good s5se & judgm5t 9 8 mann] ( tell+ 8 /ories1 great skill 9 8 compositions1 & is n )\t a consid]able p[] ( express+ ! passions1 ,! mod]n affectation ( grace 9 8 works1 z well z 9 ^? ( ,b\*e & ,watteau1 may be said to be sep>at$ by a v ?9 p>tition f ! m simple & pure grace ( ,correggio & ,p>migiano4 ,among/ ! ,dut* pa9t]s1 ! correct1 firm1 & det]m9$ p5cil1 :i* 0 employ$ by ,bamboccio & ,jan ,miel on vulg> & mean subjects1 might )\t any *ange be employ$ on ! highe/1 to :i*1 inde$1 x seems m prop]ly to belong4 ,! greate/ /yle1 if t /yle is conf9$ to small figures su* z ,p\ss9 g5]ally pa9t$1 w\ld receive an additional grace by ! elegance & precision ( p5cil s admirable 9 ! works ( ,t5i]s4 ,?\gh ?is s*ool m p>ticul>ly excell$ 9 ! me*anism ( pa9t+1 yet !re are _m :o h %[n great abilities 9 express+ :at mu/ be rank$ above me*anical excell5ces4 ,9 ! works ( ,frank ,hals ! portrait pa9t] may obs]ve ! composition ( a face1 ! features well put toge!r z ! pa9t]s express x1 f :5ce proce$s t /rong m>k$ "* ( individual nature :i* is s rem>kable 9 8 portraits1 & is n to be f\nd 9 an equal degree 9 any o!r pa9t]4 ,if he _h jo9$ to ?is mo/ difficult "p ( ! art a pati5ce 9 f9i%+ :at he _h s correctly plann$1 he might ju/ly h claim$ ! place :i* ,v&yke1 all ?+s consid]$1 s ju/ly holds z ! fir/ ( portrait pa9t]s4 ,o!rs ( ! same s*ool h %[n great p[] 9 express+ ! "* & passions ( ^? vulg> p :i* are ! subjects ( _! /udy & att5tion4 ,among/ ^?1 ,jean ,/e9 seems to be "o ( ! mo/ dilig5t & accurate obs]v]s ( :at pass$ 9 ^? sc5es :i* he frequ5t$1 & :i* 7 to him an academy4 ,i c easily imag9e t if ?is extraord9>y man _h _h ! good =tune to h be5 born 9 ,italy in/ead ( ,holl&1 _h he liv$ 9 ,rome in/ead ( ,leyd51 & _h be5 bless$ ) ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raffaelle = 8 ma/]s in/ead ( ,br[] & ,van ,g[51 t ! same sagacity & p5etration :i* di/+ui%$ s accurately ! diff]5t *>act]s & expression 9 8 vulg> figures1 w\ld1 :5 ex]t$ 9 ! selection & imitation ( :at 0 great & elevat$ 9 nature1 h be5 equally successful1 & 8 "n w\ld h be5 n[ rang$ ) ! great pill>s & support]s ( our art4 ,m5 :o1 al?\gh ?us b\nd d[n by ! almo/ inv9cible p[]s ( e>ly habits1 h /ill ex]t$ extraord9>y abilities )9 _! n>r[ & conf9$ circle1 & h1 f ! natural vig\r ( _! m9d1 giv5 su* an int]e/+ expression1 su* =ce & en]gy to _! works1 ?\gh !y _c be recomm5d$ to be exactly imitat$1 may yet invite an arti/ to endeav\r to transf]1 by a k9d ( p>ody1 ^? excell5ces to 8 own works4 ,:oev] has acquir$ ! p[] ( mak+ ?is use ( ! ,flemi%1 ,v5etian1 & ,fr5* s*ools is a real g5ius1 & has s\rces ( k op5 to him :i* 7 want+ to ! great arti/s :o liv$ 9 ! great age ( pa9t+4 ,to f9d excell5ces h[ev] disp]s$1 to discov] beauties h[ev] conceal$ by ! multitude ( defects ) :i* !y are surr\nd$1 c be ! "w only ( him :o1 hav+ a m9d always alive to 8 art1 has ext5d$ 8 views to all ages & to all s*ools1 & has acquir$ f t compreh5sive mass :i* he has ?us ga!r$ to himself1 a well dige/$ & p]fect idea ( 8 art1 to :i* ev]y?+ is ref]r$4 ,l a sov]eign judge & arbit] ( art1 he is possess$ ( t presid+ p[] :i* sep>ates & attracts e excell5ce f e s*ool1 selects bo? f :at is great & :at is little1 br+s home k f ! ea/ & f ! we/1 mak+ ! univ]se tribut>y t[>ds furni%+ 8 m9d & enri*+ 8 works ) orig9ality & v>iety ( inv5tions4 ,?us ,i h v5tur$ to give my op9ion ( :at appe>s to me ! true & only me?od by :i* an arti/ makes himself ma/] ( 8 pr(ession1 :i* ,i hold ought to be "o cont9u$ c\rse ( imitation1 t is n to cease b ) our lives4 ,^? :o1 ei!r f _! own engagem5ts & hurry ( bus9ess1 or f indol5ce1 or f conceit & vanity1 h neglect$ look+ out ( !mselves1 z f> z my exp]i5ce & obs]vation rea*es1 h f t "t n only ceas$ to advance & improve 9 _! p]=mance1 b h gone backw>d4 ,!y may be comp>$ to m5 :o h liv$ ^u _! pr9cipal till !y are r$uc$ to begg>y & left )\t res\rces4 ,i c recomm5d no?+ bett]1 !re=e1 ?an t y endeav\r to infuse into y\r works :at y le>n f ! contemplation ( ! works ( o!rs4 ,to recomm5d ?is has ! appe>ance ( ne$less & sup]flu\s advice1 b x has fall5 )9 my own k t arti/s1 ?\gh !y are n want+ 9 a s9c]e love = _! art1 ?\gh !y h great pleasure 9 see+ good pictures1 & are well skill$ to di/+ui% :at is excell5t or defective 9 !m1 yet g on 9 _! own mann]1 )\t any endeav\r to give a little ( ^? beauties :i* !y admire 9 o!rs1 to _! own works4 ,x is difficult to conceive h[ ! pres5t ,italian pa9t]s1 :o live 9 ! mid/ ( ! treasures ( art1 %\ld be cont5t$ ) _! own /yle4 ,!y proce$ 9 _! common-place inv5tions1 & nev] ?9k x wor? :ile to visit ! works ( ^? great arti/s ) :i* !y are surr\nd$4 ,i rememb] sev]al ye>s ago to h conv]s$ at ,rome ) an arti/ ( great fame ?r\gh\t ,europe2 he 0 n )\t a consid]able degree ( abilities1 b ^? abilities 7 by no means equal to 8 own op9ion ( !m4 ,f ! reputation he _h acquir$ he too fondly conclud$ t he /ood 9 ! same rank1 :5 comp>$ to 8 pr$ecessors1 z he held ) reg>d to 8 mis]able contempor>y rivals4 ,9 conv]sation ab\t "s p>ticul>s ( ! works ( ,raffaelle1 he seem$ to h1 or to affect to h1 a v obscure memory ( !m4 ,he told me t he _h n set 8 foot 9 ! ,vatican = fifte5 ye>s toge!r2 t inde$ he _h be5 9 treaty to copy a capital picture ( ,raffaelle1 b t ! bus9ess _h gone (f2 h[ev]1 if ! agreem5t _h held1 8 copy w\ld h greatly exce$$ ! orig9al4 ,! m]it ( ?is arti/1 h[ev] great we may suppose x1 ,i am sure w\ld h be5 f> great]1 & 8 presumption w\ld h be5 f> less if he _h visit$ ! ,vatican1 z 9 reason he ought to h done1 once at lea/ e mon? ( 8 life4 ,i address myself1 g5tlem51 to y :o h made "s progress 9 ! art1 & are to be = ! future "u ! guidance ( y\r own judgm5t & discretion4 ,i consid] y z arriv$ to t p]iod :5 y h a "r to ?9k = y\rselves1 & to presume t e man is fallible2 to /udy ! ma/]s ) a suspicion t great m5 are n always exempt f great faults2 to criticise1 comp>e1 & rank _! works 9 y\r own e/imation1 z !y approa* to or rec$e f t /&>d ( p]fection :i* y h =m$ 9 y\r own m9d1 b :i* ^? ma/]s !mselves1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 h taught y to make1 & :i* y w cease to make ) correctness :5 y cease to /udy !m4 ,x is _! excell5ces :i* h taught y _! defects4 ,i w\ld wi% y to =get :]e y are1 & :o x is t speaks to y4 ,i only direct y to high] models & bett] advis]s4 ,we c tea* y "h b v little2 y are h5ce=? to be y\r own tea*]s4 ,d ?is ju/ice1 h[ev]1 to ! ,engli% ,academy1 to be> 9 m9d1 t 9 ?is place y contract$ no n>r[ habits1 no false ideas1 no?+ t c\ld lead y to ! imitation ( any liv+ ma/]1 :o may be ! fa%ionable d>l+ ( ! day4 ,z y h n be5 taught to flatt] u1 d n le>n to flatt] y\rselves4 ,we h endeav\r$ to lead y to ! admiration ( no?+ b :at is truly admirable4 ,if y *oose inf]ior patt]ns1 or if y make y\r own =m] works1 y\r patt]ns = y\r latt]1 x is y\r own fault4 ,! purpose ( ?is disc\rse1 &1 inde$1 ( mo/ ( my o!rs1 is to caution y aga9/ t false op9ion1 b too preval5t among/ arti/s1 ( ! imag9>y p[] ( native g5ius1 & its suffici5cy 9 great works4 ,?is op9ion1 accord+ to ! temp] ( m9d x meets )1 almo/ always produces1 ei!r a va9 confid5ce1 or a sluggi% despair1 bo? equally fatal to all pr(ici5cy4 ,/udy1 !re=e1 ! great works ( ! great ma/]s = ev]4 ,/udy z ne>ly z y c1 9 ! ord]1 9 ! mann]1 on ! pr9ciples1 on :i* !y /udi$4 ,/udy nature att5tively1 b always ) ^? ma/]s 9 y\r company2 consid] !m z models :i* y are to imitate1 & at ! same "t z rivals :i* y are to combat4 ,a ,,disc\rse ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj?1 #aggf1 by ! ,presid5t4 ,g5tlem51--,x has be5 my uni=m endeav\r1 s9ce ,i fir/ address$ y f ?is place1 to impress y /rongly ) "o rul+ idea4 ,i wi%$ y to be p]suad$1 t success 9 y\r art dep5ds almo/ entirely on y\r own indu/ry2 b ! indu/ry :i* ,i pr9cipally recomm5d$1 is n ! indu/ry ( ! h&s1 b ( ! m9d4 ,z our art is n a div9e gift1 s nei!r is x a me*anical trade4 ,its f\ndations are laid 9 solid sci5ce4 ,& practice1 ?\gh ess5tial to p]fection1 c nev] atta9 t to :i* x aims1 unless x works "u ! direction ( pr9ciple4 ,"s writ]s ^u art c>ry ?is po9t too f>1 & suppose t su* a body ( univ]sal & pr(\nd le>n+ is requisite1 t ! v enum]ation ( its k9d is en\gh to fright5 a beg9n]4 ,vitruvius1 aft] go+ ?r\gh ! _m accompli%m5ts ( nature1 & ! _m acquirem5ts ( le>n+1 necess>y to an ar*itect1 proce$s ) great gravity to ass]t t he ought to be well skill$ 9 ! civil law1 t he may n be *eat$ 9 ! title ( ! gr\nd he builds on4 ,b )\t su* exagg]ation1 we may g s f> z to ass]t1 t a pa9t] /&s 9 ne$ ( m k ?an is to be pick$ (f 8 pallet1 or collect$ by look+ on 8 model1 :e!r x be 9 life or 9 picture4 ,he c nev] be a great arti/ :o is grossly illit]ate4 ,e man ^: bus9ess is description ought to be tol]ably conv]sant ) ! poets 9 "s language or o!r1 t he may imbibe a poetical _s & enl>ge 8 /ock ( ideas4 ,he ought to acquire a habit ( comp>+ & dive/+ 8 notions4 ,he ought n to be :olly unacqua9t$ ) t "p ( philosophy :i* gives him an insight into human nature1 & relates to ! mann]s1 *>act]s1 passions1 & affections4 ,he ought to "k some?+ conc]n+ ! m9d1 z well z a great deal conc]n+ ! body ( man4 ,= ?is purpose1 x is n necess>y t he %\ld g into su* a compass ( read+1 z mu/1 by di/ract+ 8 att5tion1 disqualify him = ! practical "p ( 8 pr(ession1 & make him s9k ! p]=m] 9 ! critic4 ,read+1 if x c be made ! fav\rite recreation ( 8 leisure h\rs1 w improve & enl>ge 8 m9d )\t ret>d+ 8 actual indu/ry4 ,:at su* p>tial & desultory read+ _c af=d1 may be suppli$ by ! conv]sation ( le>n$ & +5i\s m51 :i* is ! be/ ( all sub/itutes = ^? :o h n ! means or opportunities ( deep /udy4 ,!re are _m su* m5 9 ?is age2 & !y w be pleas$ ) communicat+ _! ideas to arti/s1 :5 !y see !m curi\s & docile1 if !y are treat$ ) t respect & def]5ce :i* is s ju/ly _! due4 ,into su* society1 "y arti/s1 if !y make x ! po9t ( _! ambition1 w by degrees be admitt$4 ,!re1 )\t =mal tea*+1 !y w ins5sibly come to feel & reason l ^? !y live )1 & f9d a rational & sy/ematic ta/e imp]ceptibly =m$ 9 _! m9ds1 :i* !y w "k h[ to r$uce to a /&>d1 by apply+ g5]al tru? to _! own purposes1 bett] p]haps ?an ^? to :om !y ow$ ! orig9al s5tim5t4 ,( ^! /udies & ?is conv]sation1 ! desir$ & legitimate (fspr+ is a p[] ( di/+ui%+ "r f wrong1 :i* p[] appli$ to works ( art is d5om9at$ ta/e4 ,let me !n1 )\t fur!r introduction1 ent] ^u an exam9ation :e!r ta/e be s f> beyond our rea* z to be unatta9able by c>e1 or be s v vague & caprici\s t no c>e ought to be employ$ ab\t x4 ,x has be5 ! fate ( arts to be envelop$ 9 my/]i\s & incompreh5sible language1 z if x 0 ?\ght necess>y t ev5 ! t]ms %\ld correspond to ! idea ent]ta9$ ( ! in/ability & unc]ta9ty ( ! rules :i* !y express$4 ,to speak ( g5ius & ta/e z any way connect$ ) reason or common s5se1 w\ld be1 9 ! op9ion ( "s t[]+ talk]s1 to speak l a man :o possess$ nei!r1 :o _h nev] felt t en?usiasm1 or1 to use _! own inflat$ language1 0 nev] w>m$ by t ,prome!an fire1 :i* animates ! canvas & vivifies ! m>ble4 ,if1 9 ord] to be intelligible1 ,i appe> to degrade art by br++ h] d[n f h] vision>y situation 9 ! cl\ds1 x is only to give h] a m solid mansion ^u ! e>?4 ,x is necess>y t at "s "t or o!r we %\ld see ?+s z !y really are1 & n impose on ourselves by t false magnitude ) :i* objects appe> :5 view$ indi/9ctly z ?r\gh a mi/4 ,we w all[ a poet to express 8 mean+1 :5 8 mean+ is n well kn[n to himself1 ) a c]ta9 degree ( obscurity1 z x is "o s\rce ( ! sublime4 ,b :51 9 pla9 prose1 we gravely talk ( c\rt+ ! muse 9 %ady b[]s1 wait+ ! call & inspiration ( g5ius1 f9d+ out :]e he inhabits1 & :]e he is to be invok$ ) ! greate/ success2 ( att5d+ to times & seasons :5 ! imag9ation %oots ) ! greate/ vig\r1 :e!r at ! summ] sol/ice or ! equ9ox1 sagaci\sly obs]v+ h[ mu* ! wild fre$om & lib]ty ( imag9ation is cramp$ by att5tion to e/abli%$ rules1 & h[ ?is same imag9ation beg9s to gr[ dim 9 advanc$ age1 smo!r$ & dead5$ by too mu* judgm5t4 ,:5 we talk su* language1 or ent]ta9 su* s5tim5ts z ^!1 we g5]ally re/ cont5t$ ) m]e words1 or at be/ ent]ta9 notions n only gr\ndless1 b p]nici\s4 ,if all ?is means :at x is v possible 0 orig9ally int5d$ only to be meant1 t 9 ord] to cultivate an art1 a man secludes himself f ! comm]ce ( ! _w1 & retires into ! c\ntry at p>ticul> seasons2 or t at "o "t ( ! ye> 8 body is 9 bett] heal?1 & consequ5tly 8 m9d fitt] = ! bus9ess ( h>d ?9k+ ?an at ano!r "t2 or t ! m9d may be fatigu$ & gr[ confus$ by long & unremitt$ application2 ?is ,i c und]/&4 ,i c likewise believe t a man em95t :5 "y = possess+ poetical imag9ation1 may1 f hav+ tak5 ano!r road1 s neglect its cultivation z to %[ less ( its p[]s 9 8 latt] life4 ,b ,i am p]suad$ t sc>ce a poet is to be f\nd1 f ,hom] d[n to ,dryd51 :o pres]v$ a s\nd m9d 9 a s\nd body1 & cont9u$ practis+ 8 pr(ession to ! v la/1 ^: lat] works are n z replete ) ! fire ( imag9ation z ^? :i* 7 produc$ 9 8 m y\?ful days4 ,to und]/& lit]ally ^! metaphors or ideas express$ 9 poetical language1 seems to be equally absurd z to conclude t because pa9t]s sometimes repres5t poets writ+ f ! dictates ( a little w+$ boy or g5ius1 t ?is same g5ius did really in=m him 9 a :isp] :at he 0 to write1 & t he is himself b a m]e ma*9e1 unconsci\s ( ! op]ations ( 8 own m9d4 ,op9ions g5]ally receiv$ & float+ 9 ! _w1 :e!r true or false1 we naturally adopt & make our own2 !y may be consid]$ z a k9d ( inh]itance to :i* we succe$ & are t5ants = life1 & :i* we leave to our po/]ity v ne> 9 ! condition 9 :i* we receiv$ x2 n mu* be+ 9 any "o man's p[] ei!r to impair or improve x4 ,! greate/ "p ( ^! op9ions1 l curr5t co9 9 its circulation1 we are oblig$ to take )\t weigh+ or exam9+2 b by ?is inevitable inatt5tion1 _m adult]at$ pieces are receiv$1 :i*1 :5 we s]i\sly e/imate our weal?1 we mu/ ?r[ away4 ,s ! collector ( popul> op9ions1 :5 he embodies 8 k1 & =ms a sy/em1 mu/ sep>ate ^? :i* are true f ^? :i* are only plausible4 ,b x becomes m peculi>ly a duty to ! pr(essors ( art n to let any op9ions relat+ to t art pass unexam9$4 ,! caution & circumspection requir$ 9 su* exam9ation we %all pres5tly h an opportunity ( expla9+4 ,g5ius & ta/e1 9 _! common acceptation1 appe> to be v ne>ly relat$2 ! diff]5ce lies only 9 ?is1 t g5ius has sup]add$ to x a habit or p[] ( execution4 ,or we may say1 t ta/e1 :5 ?is p[] is add$1 *anges its "n1 & is call$ g5ius4 ,!y bo?1 9 ! popul> op9ion1 pret5d to an entire exemption f ! re/ra9t ( rules4 ,x is suppos$ t _! p[]s are intuitive2 t "u ! "n ( g5ius great works are produc$1 & "u ! "n ( ta/e an exact judgm5t is giv51 )\t our kn[+ :y1 & )\t be+ "u ! lea/ obligation to reason1 precept1 or exp]i5ce4 ,"o c sc>ce /ate ^! op9ions )\t expos+ _! absurdity1 yet !y are con/antly 9 ! m\?s ( m51 & p>ticul>ly ( arti/s4 ,!y :o h ?\ght s]i\sly on ?is subject1 d n c>ry ! po9t s f>2 yet ,i am p]suad$1 t ev5 among ^? few :o may be call$ ?9k]s1 ! preval5t op9ion gives less ?an x ought to ! p[]s ( reason2 & consid]s ! pr9ciples ( ta/e1 :i* give all _! au?ority to ! rules ( art1 z m fluctuat+1 & z hav+ less solid f\ndations ?an we %all f9d1 ^u exam9ation1 !y really h4 ,! common say+1 t ta/es are n to be disput$1 owes its influ5ce1 & its g5]al reception1 to ! same error :i* leads u to imag9e x ( too high orig9al to submit to ! au?ority ( an e>?ly tribunal4 ,x w likewise correspond ) ! notions ( ^? :o consid] x z a m]e phantom ( ! imag9ation1 s devoid ( sub/ance z to elude all criticism4 ,we (t5 appe> to diff] 9 s5tim5ts f ea* o!r1 m]ely f ! inaccuracy ( t]ms1 z we are n oblig$ to speak always ) critical exactness4 ,some?+ ( ?is too may arise f want ( words 9 ! language to express ! m nice discrim9ations :i* a deep inve/igation discov]s4 ,a great deal1 h[ev]1 ( ?is diff]5ce vani%es :5 ea* op9ion is tol]ably expla9$ & und]/ood by con/ancy & precision 9 ! use ( t]ms4 ,we apply ! t]m ta/e to t act ( ! m9d by :i* we l or dislike1 :atev] be ! subject4 ,our judgm5t ^u an airy no?+1 a fancy :i* has no f\ndation1 is call$ by ! same "n :i* we give to our det]m9ation conc]n+ ^? tru?s :i* ref] to ! mo/ g5]al & mo/ unalt]able pr9ciples ( human nature1 to works :i* are only to be produc$ by ! greate/ ef=ts ( ! human und]/&+4 ,h[ev] inconv5i5t ?is may be1 we are oblig$ to take words z we f9d !m2 all we c d is to di/+ui% ! ?+s to :i* !y are appli$4 ,we may let pass ^? ?+s :i* are at once subjects ( ta/e & s5se1 & :i* hav+ z mu* c]ta9ty z ! s5ses !mselves1 give no occasion to inquiry or dispute4 ,! natural appetite or ta/e ( ! human m9d is = tru?2 :e!r t tru? results f ! real agreem5t or equality ( orig9al ideas among !mselves2 f ! agreem5t ( ! repres5tation ( any object ) ! ?+ repres5t$2 or f ! correspond5ce ( ! sev]al p>ts ( any arrangem5t ) ea* o!r4 ,x is ! v same ta/e :i* reli%es a demon/ration 9 geometry1 t is pleas$ ) ! resemblance ( a picture to an orig9al1 & t\*$ ) ! h>mony ( music4 ,all ^! h unalt]able & fix$ f\ndations 9 nature1 & are !re=e equally inve/igat$ by reason1 & kn[n by /udy2 "s ) m1 "s ) less cle>ness1 b all exactly 9 ! same way4 ,a picture t is unlike1 is false4 ,disproportionate ord9ance ( p>ts is n "r because x _c be true until x ceases to be a contradiction to ass]t t ! p>ts h no relation to ! :ole4 ,col\r+ is true :]e x is naturally adapt$ to ! eye1 f brightness1 f s(tness1 f h>mony1 f resemblance2 because ^! agree ) _! object1 nature1 & !re=e are true3 z true z ma!matical demon/ration2 b kn[n to be true only to ^? :o /udy ^! ?+s4 ,b besides real1 !re is also app>5t tru?1 or op9ion1 or prejudice4 ,) reg>d to real tru?1 :5 x is kn[n1 ! ta/e :i* con=ms to x is1 & mu/ be1 uni=m4 ,) reg>d to ! second sort ( tru?1 :i* may be call$ tru? ^u suff]ance1 or tru? by c\rtesy1 x is n fix$1 b v>iable4 ,h[ev]1 :il/ ^! op9ions & prejudices on :i* x is f\nd$ cont9ue1 !y op]ate z tru?2 & ! art1 ^: (fice x is to please ! m9d1 z well z in/ruct x1 mu/ direct itself accord+ to op9ion1 or x w n atta9 its end4 ,9 proportion z ^! prejudices are kn[n to be g5]ally diffus$1 or long receiv$1 ! ta/e :i* con=ms to !m approa*es ne>] to c]ta9ty1 & to a sort ( resemblance to real sci5ce1 ev5 :]e op9ions are f\nd to be no bett] ?an prejudices4 ,& s9ce !y des]ve1 on acc\nt ( _! duration & ext5t1 to be consid]$ z really true1 !y become capable ( no small decree ( /ability & det]m9ation by _! p]man5t & uni=m nature4 ,z ^! prejudices become m n>r[1 m local1 m transitory1 ?is second>y ta/e becomes m & m fanta/ical2 rec$es f real sci5ce2 is less to be approv$ by reason1 & less foll[$ 9 practice2 ?\gh 9 no case p]haps to be :olly neglect$1 :]e x does n /&1 z x sometimes does1 9 direct defiance ( ! mo/ respectable op9ions receiv$ among/ mank9d4 ,hav+ laid d[n ^! positions1 ,i %all proce$ ) less me?od1 because less w s]ve1 to expla9 & apply !m4 ,we w take x = grant$ t reason is some?+ inv>iable & fix$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s2 & )\t endeav\r+ to g back to an acc\nt ( fir/ pr9ciples1 :i* = ev] w elude our se>*1 we w conclude t :atev] goes "u ! "n ( ta/e1 :i* we c fairly br+ "u ! dom9ion ( reason1 mu/ be consid]$ z equally exempt f *ange4 ,if !re=e1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is inquiry1 we c %[ t !re are rules = ! conduct ( ! arti/ :i* are fix$ & inv>iable1 x implies1 ( c\rse1 t ! art ( ! connoisseur1 or1 9 o!r words1 ta/e1 has likewise inv>iable pr9ciples4 ,( ! judgm5t :i* we make on ! works ( art1 & ! pref]5ce t we give to "o class ( art ov] ano!r1 if a reason be dem&$1 ! "q is p]haps evad$ by answ]+1 ,i judge f my ta/e2 b x does n foll[ t a bett] answ] _c be giv51 ?\gh = common gaz]s ?is may be suffici5t4 ,e man is n oblig$ to inve/igate ! causes ( 8 approbation or dislike4 ,! arts w\ld lie op5 = ev] to caprice & casualty1 if ^? :o are to judge ( _! excell5ces _h no settl$ pr9ciples by :i* !y are to regulate _! decisions1 & ! m]it or defect ( p]=mances 7 to be det]m9$ by unguid$ fancy4 ,& inde$ we may v5ture to ass]t t :atev] speculative k is necess>y to ! arti/1 is equally & indisp5sably necess>y to ! connoisseur4 ,! fir/ idea t occurs 9 ! consid]ation ( :at is fix$ 9 art1 or 9 ta/e1 is t presid+ pr9ciple ( :i* ,i h s frequ5tly spok5 9 =m] disc\rses1 ! g5]al idea ( nature4 ,! beg9n+1 ! middle1 & ! end ( ev]y?+ t is valuable 9 ta/e1 is compris$ 9 ! k ( :at is truly nature2 = :atev] ideas are n con=mable to ^? ( nature1 or univ]sal op9ion1 mu/ be consid]$ z m or less caprici\s4 ,! idea ( nature compreh5d+ n only ! =ms :i* nature produces1 b also ! nature & int]nal fabric & organisation1 z ,i may call x1 ( ! human m9d & imag9ation3 g5]al ideas1 beauty1 or nature1 are b diff]5t ways ( express+ ! same ?+1 :e!r we apply ^! t]ms to /atues1 poetry1 or picture4 ,de=mity is n nature1 b an accid5tal deviation f h] accu/om$ practice4 ,?is g5]al idea !re=e ought to be call$ nature1 & no?+ else1 correctly speak+1 has a "r to t "n4 ,b we are s f> f speak+1 9 common conv]sation1 ) any su* accuracy1 t1 on ! contr>y1 :5 we criticise ,rembr&t & o!r ,dut* pa9t]s1 :o introduc$ into _! hi/orical pictures exact repres5tations ( individual objects ) all _! imp]fections1 we say1 ?\gh x is n 9 a good ta/e1 yet x is nature4 ,?is misapplication ( t]ms mu/ be v (t5 p]plex+ to ! "y /ud5t4 ,is n1 he may say1 art an imitation ( nature8 ,mu/ he n1 !re=e1 :o imitates h] ) ! greate/ fidelity be ! be/ arti/8 ,by ?is mode ( reason+ ,rembr&t has a high] place ?an ,raffaelle4 ,b a v little reflection w s]ve to %[ u t ^! p>ticul>ities _c be nature3 = h[ c t be ! nature ( man1 9 :i* no two individuals are ! same8 ,x pla9ly appe>s t z a "w is conduct$ "u ! influ5ce ( g5]al ideas or p>tial x is pr9cipally to be consid]$ z ! effect ( a good or a bad ta/e4 ,z beauty !re=e does n consi/ 9 tak+ :at lies imm$iately be=e y1 s nei!r1 9 our pursuit ( ta/e1 are ^? op9ions :i* we fir/ receiv$ & adopt$ ! be/ *oice1 or ! mo/ natural to ! m9d & imag9ation4 ,9 ! infancy ( our k we seize ) gre$9ess ! good t is )9 our rea*2 x is by aft]-consid]ation1 & 9 consequ5ce ( discipl9e1 t we refuse ! pres5t = a great] good at a di/ance4 ,! nobility or elevation ( all arts1 l ! excell5ce ( virtue itself1 consi/s 9 adopt+ ?is enl>g$ & compreh5sive idea1 & all criticism built ^u ! m conf9$ view ( :at is natural1 may prop]ly be call$ %all[ criticism1 r ?an false2 its defect is t ! tru? is n suffici5tly ext5sive4 ,x has sometimes happ5$ t "s ( ! greate/ m5 9 our art h be5 betray$ into errors by ?is conf9$ mode ( reason+4 ,p\ss91 :o1 ^u ! :ole1 may be produc$ z an in/ance ( att5tion to ! mo/ enl>g$ & ext5sive ideas ( nature1 f n hav+ settl$ pr9ciples on ?is po9t1 has 9 "o in/ance at lea/1 ,i ?9k1 des]t$ tru? = prejudice4 ,he is said to h v9dicat$ ! conduct ( ,julio ,romano1 = 8 inatt5tion to ! masses ( light & %ade1 or gr\p+ ! figures1 9 ! battle ( ,con/ant9e1 z if design$ly neglect$1 ! bett] to correspond ) ! hurry & confusion ( a battle4 ,p\ss9's own conduct 9 8 repres5tations ( ,bac*analian triumphs & sacrifices1 makes u m easily give cr$it to ?is report1 s9ce 9 su* subjects1 z well inde$ z 9 _m o!rs1 x 0 too mu* 8 own practice4 ,! be/ apology we c make = ?is conduct is :at proce$s f ! association ( our ideas1 ! prejudice we h 9 fav\r ( antiquity4 ,p\ss9's works1 z ,i h =m]ly obs]v$1 h v mu* ! air ( ! anci5t mann] ( pa9t+1 9 :i* !re are n ! lea/ traces to make u ?9k t :at we call ! keep+1 ! composition ( light & %ade1 or di/ribution ( ! "w into masses1 claim$ any "p ( _! att5tion4 ,b surely :atev] apology we may f9d out = ?is neglect1 x ought to be rank$ among ! defects ( ,p\ss91 z well z ( ! antique pa9t+s2 & ! mod]ns h a "r to t praise :i* is _! due1 = hav+ giv5 s pleas+ an addition to ! spl5d\r ( ! art4 ,p]haps no apology ought to be receiv$ = (f5ces committ$ aga9/ ! vehicle 7:e!r x be ! organ ( see+ or ( he>+7 by :i* our pleasures are convey$ to ! m9d4 ,we mu/ take ! same c>e t ! eye be n p]plex$ & di/ract$ by a confusion ( equal p>ts1 or equal lights1 z ( (f5d+ x by an unh>moni\s mixture ( col\rs4 ,we may v5ture to be m confid5t ( ! tru? ( ?is obs]vation1 s9ce we f9d t ,%akespe>e1 on a p>allel occasion1 has made ,hamlet recomm5d to ! play]s a precept ( ! same k9d1 nev] to (f5d ! e> by h>% s\nds3--,9 ! v torr5t1 tempe/1 & :irlw9d ( y\r passions1 says he1 y mu/ beget a temp]ance t may give x smoo?ness4 ,& yet1 at ! same "t1 he v ju/ly obs]ves1 ,! end ( play+1 bo? at ! fir/ & n[1 is to hold1 z x 71 ! mirror up to nature4 ,no "o c d5y b t viol5t passions w naturally emit h>% & disagreeable tones2 yet ?is great poet & critic ?\ght t ?is imitation ( nature w\ld co/ too mu*1 if pur*as$ at ! exp5se ( disagreeable s5sations1 or1 z he expresses x1 ( splitt+ ! e>4 ,! poet & actor1 z well z ! pa9t] ( g5ius :o is well acqua9t$ ) all ! v>iety & s\rces ( pleasure 9 ! m9d & imag9ation1 has little reg>d or att5tion to common nature1 or creep+ aft] common s5se4 ,by ov]leap+ ^? n>r[ b\nds1 he m effectually seizes ! :ole m9d1 & m p[]fully accompli%es 8 purpose4 ,?is success is ignorantly imag9$ to proce$ f inatt5tion to all rules1 & 9 defiance ( reason & judgm5t2 :]eas x is 9 tru? act+ accord+ to ! be/ rules1 & ! ju/e/ reason4 ,he :o ?9ks nature1 9 ! n>r[ s5se ( ! ^w1 is alone to be foll[$1 w produce b a scanty ent]ta9m5t = ! imag9ation3 ev]y?+ is to be done ) :i* x is natural = ! m9d to be pleas$1 :e!r x proce$s f simplicity or v>iety1 uni=mity or irregul>ity3 :e!r ! sc5es are famili> or exotic2 rude & wild1 or enri*$ & cultivat$2 = x is natural = ! m9d to be pleas$ ) all ^! 9 _! turn4 ,9 %ort1 :atev] pleases has 9 x :at is analog\s to ! m9d1 & is !re=e1 9 ! highe/ & be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 natural4 ,x is ?is s5se ( nature or tru? :i* ought m p>ticul>ly to be cultivat$ by ! pr(essors ( art2 & x may be obs]v$ t _m wise & le>n$ m51 :o h accu/om$ _! m9ds to admit no?+ = tru? b :at c be prov$ by ma!matical demon/ration1 h seldom any reli% = ^? arts :i* address !mselves to ! fancy1 ! rectitude & tru? ( :i* is kn[n by ano!r k9d ( pro(3 & we may add t ! acquisition ( ?is k requires z mu* circumspection & sagacity1 z to atta9 ^? tru?s :i* are m op5 to demon/ration4 ,reason mu/ ultimately det]m9e our *oice on e occasion2 b ?is reason may /ill be ex]t$ ineffectually by apply+ to ta/e pr9ciples :i*1 ?\gh "r z f> z !y g1 yet d n rea* ! object4 ,no man1 = in/ance1 c d5y t x seems at fir/ view v reasonable1 t a /atue :i* is to c>ry d[n to po/]ity ! resemblance ( an individual %\ld be dress$ 9 ! fa%ion ( ! times1 9 ! dress :i* he himself wore3 ?is w\ld c]ta9ly be true if ! dress 7 "p ( ! man4 ,b aft] a "t ! dress is only an amusem5t = an antiqu>ian2 & if x ob/ructs ! g5]al design ( ! piece1 x is to be disreg>d$ by ! arti/4 ,common s5se mu/ "h give way to a high] s5se4 ,9 ! nak$ =m1 & 9 ! disposition ( ! drap]y1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 "o arti/ & ano!r is pr9cipally se54 ,b if he is compell$ to ! mod]n dress1 ! nak$ =m is entirely hid1 & ! drap]y is already dispos$ by ! skill ( ! tailor4 ,7 a ,phidias to obey su* absurd comm&s1 he w\ld please no m ?an an ord9>y sculptor2 s9ce1 9 ! inf]ior p>ts ( e art1 ! le>n$ & ! ignorant are ne>ly ^u a level4 ,^! 7 probably among ! reasons t induc$ ! sculptor ( t wond]ful figure ( ,laocoon to exhibit him nak$1 not)/&+ he 0 surpris$ 9 ! act ( sacrific+ to ,apollo1 & consequ5tly ought to be %[n 9 8 sac]dotal habits1 if ^? great] reasons _h n prepond]at$4 ,art is n yet 9 s high e/imation ) u z to obta9 s great a sacrifice z ! anci5ts made1 especially ! ,grecians1 :o suff]$ !mselves to be repres5t$ nak$1 :e!r !y 7 g5]als1 lawgiv]s1 or k+s4 ,"u ?is head ( balanc+ & *oos+ ! great] reason1 or ( two evils tak+ ! lea/1 we may consid] ! conduct ( ,rub5s 9 ! ,luxemb\rg gall]y1 ( mix+ allegorical figures ) repres5tations ( real p]sonages1 :i*1 ?\gh ackn[l$g$ to be a fault1 yet1 if ! arti/ consid]$ himself z engag$ to furni% ?is gall]y ) a ri* & spl5did ornam5t1 ?is c\ld n be done1 at lea/ 9 an equal degree1 )\t peopl+ ! air & wat] ) ^! allegorical figures3 he !re=e accompli%$ t he purposes4 ,9 ?is case all less] consid]ations1 :i* t5d to ob/ruct ! great end ( ! "w1 mu/ yield & give way4 ,if x is object$ t ,rub5s judg$ ill at fir/ 9 ?9k+ x necess>y to make 8 "w s v ornam5tal1 ?is br+s ! "q ^u new gr\nd4 ,x 0 8 peculi> /yle2 he c\ld pa9t 9 no o!r2 & he 0 select$ = t "w1 probably1 because x 0 8 /yle4 ,nobody w dispute b "s ( ! be/ ( ! ,roman or ,bolognian s*ools w\ld h produc$ a m le>n$ & m noble "w4 ,?is leads u to ano!r important prov9ce ( ta/e1 ( weigh+ ! value ( ! diff]5t classes ( ! art1 & ( e/imat+ !m accord+ly4 ,all arts h means )9 !m ( apply+ !mselves ) success bo? to ! intellectual & s5sitive "p ( our natures4 ,x c be no dispute1 suppos+ bo? ^! means put 9 practice ) equal abilities1 to :i* we ought to give ! pref]5ce3 to him :o repres5ts ! h]oic arts & m dignifi$ passions ( man1 or to him :o1 by ! help ( m]etrici\s ornam5ts1 h[ev] elegant & graceful1 captivates ! s5suality1 z x may be call$1 ( our ta/e4 ,?us ! ,roman & ,bolognian s*ools are reasonably pref]r$ to ! ,v5etian1 ,flemi%1 or ,dut* s*ools1 z !y address !mselves to our be/ & noble/ faculties4 ,well-turn$ p]iods 9 eloqu5ce1 or h>mony ( numb]s 9 poetry1 :i* are 9 ^? arts :at col\r+ is 9 pa9t+1 h[ev] highly we may e/eem !m1 c nev] be consid]$ z ( equal importance ) ! art ( unfold+ tru?s t are useful to mank9d1 & :i* make u bett] or wis]4 ,nor c ^? works :i* rem9d u ( ! pov]ty & meanness ( our nature1 be consid]$ z ( equal rank ) :at excites ideas ( gr&eur1 or raises & dignifies humanity2 or1 9 ! words ( a late poet1 :i* makes ! behold] le>n to v5]ate himself z man4 ,x is reason & good s5se !re=e :i* ranks & e/imates e art1 & e "p ( t art1 accord+ to its importance1 f ! pa9t] ( animat$ d[n to inanimat$ nature4 ,we w n all[ a man1 :o %all pref] ! inf]ior /yle1 to say x is 8 ta/e2 ta/e "h has no?+1 or at lea/ ought to h no?+ to d ) ! "q4 ,he wants n ta/e1 b s5se1 & s\ndness ( judgm5t4 ,inde$1 p]fection 9 an inf]ior /yle may be reasonably pref]r$ to m$iocrity 9 ! highe/ walks ( art4 ,a l&scape ( ,claude ,lorra9e may be pref]r$ to a hi/ory ( ,luca ,jordano2 b h5ce appe>s ! necessity ( ! connoisseur's kn[+ 9 :at consi/s ! excell5ce ( ea* class1 9 ord] to judge h[ ne> x approa*es to p]fection4 ,ev5 9 works ( ! same k9d1 z 9 hi/ory pa9t+1 :i* is compos$ ( v>i\s p>ts1 excell5ce ( an inf]ior species1 c>ri$ to a v high degree1 w make a "w v valuable1 & 9 "s measure comp5sate = ! abs5ce ( ! high] k9d ( m]its4 ,x is ! duty ( ! connoisseur to "k & e/eem1 z mu* z x may des]ve1 e "p ( pa9t+2 he w n !n ?9k ev5 ,bassano unwor?y ( 8 notice1 :o1 ?\gh totally devoid ( expression1 s5se1 grace1 or elegance1 may be e/eem$ on acc\nt ( 8 admirable ta/e ( col\rs1 :i*1 9 8 be/ works1 are little inf]ior to ^? ( ,titian4 ,s9ce ,i h m5tion$ ,bassano1 we mu/ d him likewise ! ju/ice to ackn[l$ge t1 ?\gh he did n aspire to ! dignity ( express+ ! *>act]s & passions ( m51 yet1 ) respect to ! facility & tru? 9 8 mann] ( t\*+ animals ( all k9ds1 & giv+ !m :at pa9t]s call _! "*1 few h ev] excell$ him4 ,to ,bassano we may add ,paul ,v]onese & ,t9toret1 = _! entire inatt5tion to :at is ju/ly e/eem$ ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( our art1 ! expression ( ! passions4 ,not)/&+ ^! gl>+ defici5cies1 we ju/ly e/eem _! works2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t !y d n please f ^? defects1 b f _! great excell5ces ( ano!r k9d1 & 9 spite ( su* transgressions4 ,^! excell5ces1 too1 z f> z !y g1 are f\nd$ 9 ! tru? ( g5]al nature4 ,!y tell ! tru?1 ?\gh n ! :ole tru?4 ,by ^! consid]ations1 :i* c nev] be too frequ5tly impress$1 may be obviat$ two errors :i* ,i obs]v$ to h be51 =m]ly at lea/1 ! mo/ preval5t1 & to be mo/ injuri\s to arti/s3 t ( ?9k+ ta/e & g5ius to h no?+ to d ) reason1 & t ( tak+ p>ticul> liv+ objects = nature4 ,i %all n[ say some?+ on t "p ( ta/e :i*1 z ,i h h9t$ to y be=e1 does n belong s mu* to ! ext]nal =m ( ?+s1 b is address$ to ! m9d1 & dep5ds on its orig9al frame1 or1 to use ! expression1 ! organisation ( ! s\l2 ,i mean ! imag9ation & ! passions4 ,! pr9ciples ( ^! are z inv>iable z ! =m]1 & are to be kn[n & reason$ ^u 9 ! same mann]1 by an appeal to common s5se decid+ ^u ! common feel+s ( mank9d4 ,?is s5se1 & ^! feel+s1 appe> to me ( equal au?ority1 & equally conclusive4 ,n[ ?is appeal implies a g5]al uni=mity & agreem5t 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,x w\ld be else an idle & va9 endeav\r to e/abli% rules ( art2 x w\ld be pursu+ a phantom to attempt to move affections ) :i* we 7 entirely unacqua9t$4 ,we h no reason to suspect !re is a great] diff]5ce betwe5 our m9ds ?an betwe5 our =ms1 ( :i*1 ?\gh !re are no two alike1 yet !re is a g5]al similitude t goes ?r\gh ! :ole race ( mank9d2 & ^? :o h cultivat$ _! ta/e c di/+ui% :at is beautiful or de=m$1 or1 9 o!r words1 :at agrees ) or :at deviates f ! g5]al idea ( nature1 9 "o case z well z 9 ! o!r4 ,! int]nal fabric ( our m9d1 z well z ! ext]nal =m ( our bodies1 be+ ne>ly uni=m1 x seems !n to foll[1 ( c\rse1 t z ! imag9ation is incapable ( produc+ any?+ orig9ally ( itself1 & c only v>y & comb9e ^! ideas ) :i* x is furni%$ by means ( ! s5ses1 !re w be1 ( c\rse1 an agreem5t 9 ! imag9ations z 9 ! s5ses ( m54 ,!re be+ ?is agreem5t1 x foll[s t 9 all cases1 9 our lighte/ amusem5ts z well z 9 our mo/ s]i\s actions & engagem5ts ( life1 we mu/ regulate our affections ( e k9d by t ( o!rs4 ,! well-discipl9$ m9d ackn[l$ges ?is au?ority1 & submits its own op9ion to ! public voice4 ,x is f kn[+ :at are ! g5]al feel+s & passions ( mank9d t we acquire a true idea ( :at imag9ation is2 ?\gh x appe>s z if we _h no?+ to d b to consult our own p>ticul> s5sations1 & ^! 7 suffici5t to ensure u f all error & mi/ake4 ,a k ( ! disposition & "* ( ! human m9d c be acquir$ only by exp]i5ce3 a great deal w be le>n$1 ,i admit1 by a habit ( exam9+ :at passes 9 our bosoms1 :at are our own motives ( action1 & ( :at k9d ( s5tim5ts we are consci\s on any occasion4 ,we may suppose a uni=mity1 & conclude t ! same effect w be produc$ by ! same cause 9 ! m9ds ( o!rs4 ,?is exam9ation w contribute to sugge/ to u matt]s ( inquiry2 b we c nev] be sure t our own s5sations are true & "r till !y are confirm$ by m ext5sive obs]vation4 ,"o man oppos+ ano!r det]m9es no?+ b a g5]al union ( m9ds1 l a g5]al comb9ation ( ! =ces ( all mank9d1 makes a /r5g? t is irresi/ible4 ,9 fact1 z he :o does n "k himself does n "k o!rs1 s x may be said ) equal tru?1 t he :o does n "k o!rs kn[s himself b v imp]fectly4 ,a man :o ?9ks he is gu>d+ himself aga9/ ,prejudices by resi/+ ! au?ority ( o!rs1 leaves op5 e av5ue to s+ul>ity1 vanity1 self-conceit1 ob/9acy1 & _m o!r vices1 all t5d+ to w>p ! judgm5t & prev5t ! natural op]ation ( 8 faculties4 ,?is submission to o!rs is a def]5ce :i* we owe1 & inde$ are =c$ involunt>ily to pay4 ,9 fact we are nev] satisfi$ ) our op9ions till !y are ratifi$ & confirm$ by ! suffrages ( ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,we dispute & wrangle = ev]2 we endeav\r to get m5 to come to u :5 we d n g to !m4 ,he !re=e :o is acqua9t$ ) ! works :i* h pleas$ diff]5t ages & diff]5t c\ntries1 & has =m$ 8 op9ion on !m1 has m mat]ials & m means ( kn[+ :at is analog\s to ! m9d ( man ?an he :o is conv]sant only ) ! works ( 8 own age or c\ntry4 ,:at has pleas$1 & cont9ues to please1 is likely to please aga93 h5ce are d]iv$ ! rules ( art1 & on ?is immovable f\ndation !y mu/ ev] /&4 ,?is se>* & /udy ( ! hi/ory ( ! m9d ought n to be conf9$ to "o art only4 ,x is by ! analogy t "o art be>s to ano!r t _m ?+s are asc]ta9$ :i* ei!r 7 b fa9tly se51 or1 p]haps1 w\ld n h be5 discov]$ at all if ! inv5tor _h n receiv$ ! fir/ h9ts f ! practices ( a si/] art on a simil> occasion4 ,! frequ5t allusions :i* e man :o treats ( any art is oblig$ to draw f o!rs 9 ord] to illu/rate & confirm 8 pr9ciples1 suffici5tly %[ _! ne> connection & insep>able relation4 ,all arts hav+ ! same g5]al end1 :i* is to please1 & address+ !mselves to ! same faculties ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s5ses1 x foll[s t _! rules & pr9ciples mu/ h z great aff9ity z ! diff]5t mat]ials & ! diff]5t organs or vehicles by :i* !y pass to ! m9d w p]mit !m to reta94 ,we may !re=e conclude t ! real sub/ance1 z x may be call$1 ( :at goes "u ! "n ( ta/e1 is fix$ & e/abli%$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s2 t !re are c]ta9 & regul> causes by :i* ! imag9ation & passions ( m5 are affect$2 & t ! k ( ^! causes is acquir$ by a labori\s & dilig5t inve/igation ( nature1 & by ! same sl[ progress z wisdom or k ( e k9d1 h[ev] in/antane\s its op]ations may appe> :5 ?us acquir$4 ,x has be5 (t5 obs]v$ t ! good & virtu\s man alone c acquire ?is true or j reli%1 ev5 ( works ( art4 ,?is op9ion w n appe> entirely )\t f\ndation :5 we consid] t ! same habit ( m9d :i* is acquir$ by our se>* aft] tru? 9 ! m s]i\s duties ( life1 is only transf]r$ to ! pursuit ( light] amusem5ts3 ! same disposition1 ! same desire to f9d some?+ /eady1 sub/antial1 & durable1 on :i* ! m9d c lean1 z x 71 & re/ ) safety4 ,! subject only is *ang$4 ,we pursue ! same me?od 9 our se>* aft] ! idea ( beauty & p]fection 9 ea*2 ( virtue1 by look+ =w>ds beyond ourselves to society1 & to ! :ole2 ( arts1 by ext5d+ our views 9 ! same mann] to all ages & all times4 ,e art1 l our own1 has 9 its composition fluctuat+ z well z fix$ pr9ciples4 ,x is an att5tive inquiry into _! diff]5ce t w enable u to det]m9e h[ f> we are influ5c$ by cu/om & habit1 & :at is fix$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,to di/+ui% h[ mu* has solid f\ndation1 we may h rec\rse to ! same pro( by :i* "s hold wit ought to be tri$--:e!r x pres]ves itself :5 translat$4 ,t wit is false :i* c subsi/ only 9 "o language2 & t picture :i* pleases only "o age or "o nation1 owes its reception to "s local or accid5tal association ( ideas4 ,we may apply ?is to e cu/om & habit ( life4 ,?us ! g5]al pr9ciples ( urbanity1 polit5ess1 or civility1 h be5 ev] ! same 9 all nations2 b ! mode 9 :i* !y are dress$ is cont9ually v>y+4 ,! g5]al idea ( %[+ respect is by mak+ y\rself less3 b ! mann]1 :e!r by b[+ ! body1 kneel+1 pro/ration1 pull+ (f ! upp] "p ( our dress1 or tak+ away ! l[]1 is a matt] ( habit4 ,x w\ld be unju/ to conclude t all ornam5ts1 because !y 7 at fir/ arbitr>ily contriv$1 are !re=e undes]v+ ( our att5tion2 on ! contr>y1 he :o neglects ! cultivation ( ^? ornam5ts1 acts contr>ily to nature & reason4 ,z life w\ld be imp]fect )\t its highe/ ornam5ts1 ! arts1 s ^! arts !mselves w\ld be imp]fect )\t _! ornam5ts4 ,?\gh we by no means ought to rank ^! ) positive & sub/antial beauties1 yet x mu/ be all[$ t a k ( bo? is ess5tially requisite t[>ds =m+ a complete1 :ole1 & p]fect ta/e4 ,x is 9 reality f ! ornam5ts t arts receive _! peculi> "* & complexion2 we may add t 9 !m we f9d ! *>act]i/ical m>k ( a national ta/e1 z by ?r[+ up a fea!r 9 ! air we "k :i* way ! w9d bl[s1 bett] ?an by a m heavy matt]4 ,! /rik+ di/9ction betwe5 ! works ( ! ,roman1 ,bolognian1 & ,v5etian s*ools1 consi/s m 9 t g5]al effect :i* is produc$ by col\rs ?an 9 ! m pr(\nd excell5ces ( ! art2 at lea/ x is f !nce t ea* is di/+ui%$ & kn[n at fir/ sight4 ,z x is ! ornam5ts r ?an ! proportions ( ar*itecture :i* at ! fir/ glance di/+ui% ! diff]5t ord]s f ea* o!r2 ! ,doric is kn[n by its triglyphs1 ! ,ionic by its volutes1 & ! ,cor9?ian by its acan?us4 ,:at di/+ui%es oratory f a cold n>ration1 is a m lib]al ?\gh *a/e use ( ^! ornam5ts :i* g "u ! "n ( figurative & metaphorical expressions2 & poetry di/+ui%es itself f oratory by words & expressions /ill m ard5t & gl[+4 ,:at sep>ates & di/+ui%es poetry is m p>ticul>ly ! ornam5t ( v]se2 x is ?is :i* gives x its "*1 & is an ess5tial1 )\t :i* x _c exi/4 ,cu/om has appropriat$ diff]5t metre to diff]5t k9ds ( composition1 9 :i* ! _w is n p]fectly agre$4 ,9 ,engl& ! dispute is n yet settl$ :i* is to be pref]r$1 rhyme or blank v]se4 ,b h[ev] we disagree ab\t :at ^! metrical ornam5ts %all be1 t "s metre is ess5tially necess>y is univ]sally ackn[l$g$4 ,9 poetry or eloqu5ce1 to det]m9e h[ f> figurative or metaphorical language may proce$1 & :5 x beg9s to be affectation or beside ! tru?1 mu/ be det]m9$ by ta/e1 ?\gh ?is ta/e we mu/ nev] =get is regulat$ & =m$ by ! presid+ feel+s ( mank9d1 by ^? works :i* h approv$ !mselves to all times & all p]sons4 ,?us1 ?\gh eloqu5ce has und\bt$ly an ess5tial & intr9sic excell5ce1 & immovable pr9ciples common to all languages1 f\nd$ 9 ! nature ( our passions & affections1 yet x has its ornam5ts & modes ( address :i* are m]ely arbitr>y4 ,:at is approv$ 9 ! ,ea/]n nations z gr& & maje/ic1 w\ld be consid]$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans z turgid & inflat$2 & !y1 9 return1 w\ld be ?\ght by ! ,ori5tals to express !mselves 9 a cold & insipid mann]4 ,we may add likewise to ! cr$it ( ornam5ts1 t x is by _! means t art itself accompli%es its purpose4 ,fresnoy calls col\r+1 :i* is "o ( ! *ief ornam5ts ( pa9t+1 l5a sororis1 t :i* procures lov]s & admir]s to ! m valuable excell5ces ( ! art4 ,x appe>s to be ! same "r turn ( m9d :i* enables a man to acquire ! tru?1 or ! j idea ( :at is "r 9 ! ornam5ts1 z 9 ! m /able pr9ciples ( art4 ,x has /ill ! same c5tre ( p]fection1 ?\gh x is ! c5tre ( a small] circle4 ,to illu/rate ?is by ! fa%ion ( dress1 9 :i* !re is all[$ to be a good or1 bad ta/e4 ,! compon5t p>ts ( dress are cont9ually *ang+ f great to little1 f %ort to long1 b ! g5]al =m /ill rema9s2 x is /ill ! same g5]al dress :i* is comp>atively fix$1 ?\gh on a v sl5d] f\ndation1 b x is on ?is :i* fa%ion mu/ re/4 ,he :o inv5ts ) ! mo/ success1 or dresses 91 ! be/ ta/e1 w\ld probably1 f ! same sagacity employ$ to great] purposes1 h discov]$ equal skill1 or h =m$ ! same correct ta/e 9 ! highe/ lab\rs ( art4 ,i h m5tion$ ta/e 9 dress1 :i* is c]ta9ly "o ( ! l[e/ subjects to :i* ?is ^w is appli$2 yet1 z ,i h be=e obs]v$1 !re is a "r ev5 "h1 h[ev] n>r[ its f\ndation respect+ ! fa%ion ( any p>ticul> nation4 ,b we h /ill m sl5d] means ( det]m9+1 9 reg>d to ! diff]5t cu/oms ( diff]5t ages or c\ntries1 to :i* to give ! pref]5ce1 s9ce !y seem to be all equally remov$ f nature4 ,if an ,european1 :5 he has cut (f 8 be>d1 & put false hair on 8 head1 or b\nd up 8 own natural hair 9 regul> h>d knots1 z unlike nature z he c possibly make x2 & hav+ r5d]$ !m immovable by ! help ( ! fat ( hogs1 has cov]$ ! :ole ) fl\r1 laid on by a ma*9e ) ! utmo/ regul>ity2 if1 :5 ?us attir$ he issues =?1 he meets a ,*]okee ,indian1 :o has be/[$ z mu* "t at 8 toilet1 & laid on ) equal c>e & att5tion 8 yell[ & r$ o*re on p>ticul> p>ts ( 8 =ehead or *eeks1 z he judges mo/ becom+2 :oev] despises ! o!r = ?is att5tion to ! fa%ion ( 8 c\ntry1 :i*ev] ( ^! two fir/ feels himself provok$ to laugh1 is ! b>b>ian4 ,all ^! fa%ions are v innoc5t1 nei!r wor? disquisition1 nor any endeav\r to alt] !m1 z ! *ange w\ld1 9 all probability1 be equally di/ant f nature4 ,! only circum/ances aga9/ :i* indignation may reasonably be mov$1 are :]e ! op]ation is pa9ful or de/ructive ( heal?1 su* z is practis$ at ,otahaiti1 & ! /raight lac+ ( ! ,engli% ladies2 ( ! la/ ( :i*1 h[ de/ructive x mu/ be to heal? & long life1 ! pr(essor ( anatomy took an opportunity ( prov+ a few days s9ce 9 ?is ,academy4 ,x is 9 dress z 9 ?+s ( great] consequ5ce4 ,fa%ions orig9ate f ^? only :o h ! high & p[]ful advantages ( rank1 bir?1 & =tune2 z _m ( ! ornam5ts ( art1 ^? at lea/ = :i* no reason c be giv51 are transmitt$ to u1 are adopt$1 & acquire _! consequ5ce f ! company 9 :i* we h be5 us$ to see !m4 ,z ,greece & ,rome are ! f\nta9s f :5ce h fl[$ all k9ds ( excell5ce1 to t v5]ation :i* !y h a "r to claim = ! pleasure & k :i* !y h af=d$ u1 we volunt>ily add our approbation ( e ornam5t & e cu/om t belong$ to !m1 ev5 to ! fa%ion ( _! dress4 ,= x may be obs]v$ t1 n satisfi$ ) !m 9 _! own place1 we make no difficulty ( dress+ /atues ( mod]n h]oes or s5ators 9 ! fa%ion ( ! ,roman arm\r or peaceful robe2 we g s f> z h>dly to be> a /atue 9 any o!r drap]y4 ,! figures ( ! great m5 ( ^? nations h come d[n to u 9 sculpture4 ,9 sculpture rema9 almo/ all ! excell5t specim5s ( anci5t art4 ,we h s f> associat$ p]sonal dignity to ! p]sons ?us repres5t$1 & ! tru? ( art to _! mann] ( repres5tation1 t x is n 9 our p[] any long] to sep>ate !m4 ,?is is n s 9 pa9t+2 because1 hav+ no excell5t anci5t portraits1 t connection 0 nev] =m$4 ,inde$1 we c\ld no m v5ture to pa9t a g5]al (fic] 9 a ,roman milit>y habit1 ?an we c\ld make a /atue 9 ! pres5t uni=m4 ,b s9ce we h no anci5t portraits1 to %[ h[ ready we are to adopt ^? k9d ( prejudices1 we make ! be/ au?ority among ! mod]ns s]ve ! same purpose4 ,! great v>iety ( excell5t portraits ) :i* ,v&yke has enri*$ ?is nation1 we are n cont5t to admire = _! real excell5ce1 b ext5d our approbation ev5 to ! dress :i* happ5$ to be ! fa%ion ( t age4 ,we all v well rememb] h[ common x 0 a few ye>s ago = portraits to be drawn 9 ?is ,go?ic dress1 & ?is cu/om is n yet entirely laid aside4 ,by ?is means x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ v ord9>y pictures acquir$ some?+ ( ! air & effect ( ! works ( ,v&yke1 & appe>$ !re=e at fir/ sight to be bett] pictures ?an !y really 72 !y appe>$ s1 h[ev]1 to ^? only :o _h ! means ( mak+ ?is association1 = :5 made1 x 0 irresi/ible4 ,b ?is association is nature1 & ref]s to t ,second>y tru? t comes f con=mity to g5]al prejudice & op9ion2 x is !re=e n m]ely fanta/ical4 ,besides ! prejudice :i* we h 9 fav\r ( anci5t dresses1 !re may be likewise o!r reasons1 among/ :i* we may ju/ly rank ! simplicity ( !m1 consi/+ ( little m ?an "o s+le piece ( drap]y1 )\t ^? :imsical caprici\s =ms by :i* all o!r dresses are emb>rass$4 ,?us1 ?\gh x is f ! prejudice we h 9 fav\r ( ! anci5ts1 :o h taught u ar*itecture1 t we h adopt$ likewise _! ornam5ts2 & ?\gh we are satisfi$ t nei!r nature nor reason is ! f\ndation ( ^? beauties :i* we imag9e we see 9 t art1 yet if any "o p]suad$ ( ?is tru? %\ld1 !re=e1 inv5t new ord]s ( equal beauty1 :i* we w suppose to be possible1 yet !y w\ld n please1 nor ought he to compla91 s9ce ! old has t great advantage ( hav+ cu/om & prejudice on its side4 ,9 ?is case we leave :at has e prejudice 9 its fav\r to take t :i* w h no advantage ov] :at we h left1 b novelty1 :i* soon de/roys itself1 &1 at any rate1 is b a weak antagoni/ aga9/ cu/om4 ,^! ornam5ts1 hav+ ! "r ( possession1 ought n to be remov$ b to make room = n only :at has high] pret5sions1 b su* pret5sions z w balance ! evil & confusion :i* innovation always br+s ) x4 ,to ?is we may add1 ev5 ! durability ( ! mat]ials w (t5 contribute to give a sup]iority to "o object ov] ano!r4 ,ornam5ts 9 build+s1 ) :i* ta/e is pr9cipally conc]n$1 are compos$ ( mat]ials :i* la/ long] ?an ^? ( :i* dress is compos$2 x1 !re=e1 makes high] pret5sions to our fav\r & prejudice4 ,"s att5tion is surely requir$ to :at we c no m get rid ( ?an we c g out ( ourselves4 ,we are creatures ( prejudice2 we nei!r c nor ought to eradicate x2 we mu/ only regulate1 x by reason1 :i* regulation by reason is1 inde$1 little m ?an oblig+ ! less]1 ! focal & tempor>y prejudices1 to give way to ^? :i* are m durable & la/+4 ,he1 !re=e1 :o 9 8 practice ( portrait pa9t+ wi%es to dignify 8 subject1 :i* we w suppose to be a lady1 w n pa9t h] 9 ! mod]n dress1 ! famili>ity ( :i* alone is suffici5t to de/roy all dignity4 ,he takes c>e t 8 "w %all correspond to ^? ideas & t imag9ation :i* he kn[s w regulate ! judgm5t ( o!rs1 &1 !re=e1 dresses 8 figure some?+ ) ! g5]al air ( ! antique = ! sake ( dignity1 & pres]ves some?+ ( ! mod]n = ! sake ( lik5ess4 ,by ?is conduct 8 works correspond ) ^? prejudices :i* we h 9 fav\r ( :at we cont9ually see2 & ! reli% ( ! antique simplicity corresponds ) :at we may call !1 m le>n$ & sci5tific prejudice4 ,!re 0 a /atue made n long s9ce ( ,voltaire1 :i* ! sculptor1 n hav+ t respect = ! prejudices ( mank9d :i* he ought to h1 has made entirely nak$1 & z meagre & emaciat$ z ! orig9al is said to be4 ,! consequ5ce is :at might be expect$2 x has rema9$ 9 ! sculptor's %op1 ?\gh x 0 int5d$ z a public ornam5t & a public hon\r to ,voltaire1 z x 0 procur$ at ! exp5se ( 8 cotempor>y wits & admir]s4 ,:oev] w\ld re=m a nation1 suppos+ a bad ta/e to prevail 9 x1 w n accompli% 8 purpose by go+ directly aga9/ ! /ream ( _! prejudices4 ,m5's m9ds mu/ be prep>$ to receive :at is new to !m4 ,re=mation is a "w ( "t4 ,a national ta/e1 h[ev] wrong x may be1 _c be totally *ange at once2 we mu/ yield a little to ! prepossession :i* has tak5 hold on ! m9d1 & we may !n br+ p to adopt :at w\ld (f5d !m if endeav\r$ to be introduc$ by /orm4 ,:5 ,batti/o ,franco 0 employ$1 9 conjunction ) ,titian1 ,paul ,v]onese1 & ,t9toret1 to adorn ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,m>k1 8 "w1 ,vas>i says1 gave less satisfaction ?an any ( ! o!rs3 ! dry mann] ( ! ,roman s*ool 0 v ill calculat$ to please eyes t _h be5 accu/om$ to ! luxuriance1 spl5d\r1 & ri*ness ( ,v5etian col\r+4 ,_h ! ,romans be5 ! judges ( ?is "w1 probably ! det]m9ation w\ld h be5 j contr>y2 = 9 ! m noble p>ts ( ! art ,batti/o ,franco 01 p]haps1 n inf]ior to any ( 8 rivals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g5tlem51--,x has be5 ! ma9 scope & pr9cipal end ( ?is disc\rse to demon/rate ! reality ( a /&>d 9 ta/e1 z well z 9 corporeal beauty2 t a false or deprav$ ta/e is a ?+ z well kn[n1 z easily discov]$1 z any?+ t is de=m$1 mis%ap51 or wrong 9 our =m or outw>d make2 & t ?is k is d]iv$ f ! uni=mity ( s5tim5ts among mank9d1 f :5ce proce$s ! k ( :at are ! g5]al habits ( nature1 ! result ( :i* is an idea ( p]fect beauty4 ,if :at has be5 advanc$ be true1 t besides ?is beauty or tru? :i* is =m$ on ! uni=m et]nal & immutable laws ( nature1 & :i* ( necessity c be b "o2 t besides ?is "o immutable v]ity !re are likewise :at we h call$ app>5t or second>y tru?s proce$+ f local & tempor>y prejudices1 fancies1 fa%ions1 or accid5tal connection ( ideas2 if x appe>s t ^! la/ h /ill _! f\ndation1 h[ev] sl5d]1 9 ! orig9al fabric ( our m9ds1 x foll[s t all ^! tru?s or beauties des]ve & require ! att5tion ( ! arti/ 9 proportion to _! /ability or duration1 or z _! influ5ce is m or less ext5sive4 ,& let me add t z !y ought n to pass _! j b\nds1 s nei!r d !y1 9 a well- regulat$ ta/e1 at all prev5t or weak5 ! influ5ce ( ^! g5]al pr9ciples1 :i* alone c give to art its true & p]man5t dignity4 ,to =m ?is j ta/e is und\bt$ly 9 y\r own p[]1 b x is to reason & philosophy t y mu/ h rec\rse2 f !m we mu/ borr[ ! balance by :i* is to be weigh$ & e/imat$ ! value ( e pret5sion t intrudes itself on y\r notice4 ,! g5]al objection :i* is made to ! introduction ( philosophy into ! regions ( ta/e is1 t x *ecks & re/ra9s ! flights ( ! imag9ation1 & gives t timidity :i* an ov]-c>efulness n to err or act contr>y to reason is likely to produce4 ,x is n s4 ,fe> is nei!r reason nor philosophy4 ,! true _s ( philosophy by giv+ k gives a manly confid5ce1 & sub/itutes rational firmness 9 ! place ( va9 presumption4 ,a man ( real ta/e is always a man ( judgm5t 9 o!r respects2 & ^? inv5tions :i* ei!r disda9 or %r9k f reason1 are g5]ally1 ,i fe>1 m l ! dreams ( a di/emp]$ bra9 ?an ! exalt$ en?usiasm ( a s\nd & true g5ius4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! highe/ flights ( fancy or imag9ation1 reason ought to preside f fir/ to la/1 ?\gh ,i admit h] m p[]ful op]ation is ^u reflection4 ,i _c help add+ t "s ( ! greate/ names ( antiquity1 & ^? :o h mo/ di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 works ( g5ius & imag9ation1 7 equally em95t = _! critical skill4 ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 ,cic]o1 & ,horace2 & among ! mod]ns1 ,boileau1 ,corneille1 ,pope1 & ,dryd51 are at lea/ in/ances ( g5ius n be+ de/roy$ by att5tion or subjection to rules & sci5ce4 ,i %\ld hope1 !re=e1 t ! natural consequ5ce likewise ( :at has be5 said w\ld be to excite 9 y a desire ( kn[+ ! pr9ciples & conduct ( ! great ma/]s ( our art1 & respect & v5]ation = !m :5 kn[n4