,transcrib]'s ,note3     ,a ,%ort ,greek
 phrase has be5 translit]at$ & delimit$ 
) ''4      ,%ort musical phrases are    
m>k$ z ,music4                          
,illu/ration3 ,emile ,jaques-,dalcroze4 
,,! ,,eurhy?mics                ,,(     
,,jaques-,,dalcroze                     
,introduction by     ,pr(essor ,m4 ,e4  
,sadl]1 ,,ll4,d4 7,columbia7            
,vice-,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,le$s 
,,bo/on             ,,small ,,mayn>d ,,&
 ,,company                       #aiae  
,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9         ,pas g> 
ho bios t\ an?rop\ eury?mias te kai     
eu>mo/ias deitai4  ,rhy?mis*e ,gymna/ik 
is ! "n by :i* ! ,dalcroze me?od is kn[n
 9 ,g]many1 b :e!r or n ! ,g]man words  
are adequate1 _! lit]al translation into
 ,engli% c]ta9ly gives too n>r[ an idea 
( ! scope ( ! sy/em to any "o unacqua9t$
 ) x4 ,rhy?mical gymna/ics1 9 ! natural 
mean+ ( ! ^w1 is a "p ( ! ,dalcroze     
tra9+1 & a n unimportant "p1 b x is only
 "o application ( a mu* wid] pr9ciple2 &
 accord+ly1 :]e ! t]m occurs 9 ! foll[+ 

pages1 x mu/ be und]/ood simply z d5ot+ 
a p>ticul> mode ( physical drill4 ,b = !
 pr9ciple itself & ! total me?od embody+
 x1 ano!r "n is ne$$1 & ! t]m           
,eurhy?mics has be5 "h co9$ = ! purpose4
 ,! orig9ality ( ! ,dalcroze me?od1 !   
fact t x is a discov]y1 gives x a "r to 
a "n ( its own3 x is because x is 9 a   
s5se also ! r$iscov]y ( an old secret t 
a "n has be5 *os5 ( su* pla9 ref]5ce &  
d]ivation4 ,plato1 9 ! words quot$      
above1 has said t ! :ole ( a man's life 
/&s 9 ne$ ( a "r rhy?m3 & x is natural  
to see "s k9%ip betwe5 ?is ,platonic    
attitude & ! claim ( ,dalcroze t 8      
discov]y is n a m]e ref9em5t ( danc+1   
nor an improv$ me?od ( music-tea*+1 b a 
pr9ciple t mu/ h effect ^u e "p ( life4 
,,john ,w4 ,,h>vey4   ,,cont5ts         
,,note3 ,john ,w4 ,h>vey                
#e    ,,! ,,educational ,,significance  
,,(     ,,hell]au3 ,pr(4 ,m4 ,e4 ,sadl] 
#aa    ,,rhy?m ,,z ,a ,,factor ,,9      
,,education3 ,emile ,jaques-,dalcroze   
#ae   ,,f ,,lectures ,,& ,,addresses3   

,translat$ by ,p4  ,e4 ,+ham    #bf     
,,! ,,me?od3 ,,gr[? ,,& ,,practice3     
,p]cy ,b4 ,+ham                  #ca    
,,lessons ,,at ,,hell]au3 ,e!l ,+ham    
#dh    ,,life ,,at ,,hell]au3 ,e!l ,+ham
                                    #ee 
,,! ,,value ,,( ,,eurhy?mics ,,to ,,art3
 ,m4 ,t4 ,h4 ,sadl]4                 #fj
   ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations    ,emile   
,jaques-,dalcroze                       
,frontispiece    ,! ,college3 f ! ,ea/  
,fac+ page #ae    ,! ,college3 ,front   
#bf    ,! ,college3 ,g5]al ,view f !    
,s\?-,ea/                     #ca       
,beat+ #d_/d                   ,movem5ts
 = ! ,semibreve                         
,betwe5 pages #cf & #cg    ,beat+ #e_/d 
9 ,canon )\t ,expression   ,beat+ #e_/d 
9 ,canon ) ,expression                  
#dd  #de    ,! ,air ,ba?                
,! ,college3 ,entrance ,hall            
#dh  #di    ,! ,college3 ,classrooms    
,! ,college3 ,int]iors                  
#eb  #ec    ,! ,ho/el3 ,int]iors        
,fac+ page            #ee    ,! ,ho/el3 

,g5]al ,view                 page       
#eg    ,dresd5 f ,hell]au               
,fac+ page            #ei    ,a ,pla/ic 
,ex]cise                                
#fj    ,a ,pla/ic ,ex]cise              
#fd     ,,! ,,educational ,,significance
 ,,( ,,hell]au   ,at ,hell]au two ?+s   
make an ineffaceable impression ^u !    
m9d--! exquisite beauty ( movem5t1 (    
ge/ure & ( gr\p+ se5 9 ! ex]cises2 & !  
ne>ness ( a great =ce1 fundam5tal to !  
arts & express+ itself 9 ! rhy?m to :i* 
!y atta94 ,jaques-,dalcroze has re-op5$ 
a door :i* has long be5 clos$4 ,he has  
r$iscov]$ "o ( ! secrets ( ,greek       
education4  ,a hundr$ ye>s ago ,wilhelm 
von ,humboldt endeav\r$ to make ,greek  
ideals ! p>am\nt influ5ce 9 ! high]     
s*ools ( ,g]many4 ,he & a gr\p ( fri5ds 
_h long felt indignant at !             
utilit>ianism & %all[ness ( ! "w ( !    
s*ools4 ,9 ,greek lit]ature1 ,greek     
philosophy & ,greek art w\ld be f\nd a  
means ( k9dl+ new life 9 education & (  
giv+ x ! p[] ( build+ up /rong &        

indep5d5t p]sonalities4 ,:5 !re came to 
,humboldt ! unexpect$ opportunity (     
re=m+ ! second>y s*ools ( ,prussia1 he s
 remodell$ ! c\rse ( /udy z to secure = 
,greek ?\ght & lett]s a place :i*1 if n 
c5tral & det]m9ative1 w\ld at lea/ br+ !
 lite ( ! y\ng] g5]ation 9 "s measure "u
 _! influ5ce4 ,b 8 adm9i/rative ord]s   
fail$ to imp>t to ! s*ools ! _s ( anci5t
 ,greece4 ,to ,humboldt & 8 fri5ds      
,greek /udies _h be5 an inspiration     
because1 ap>t f _! intellectual         
significance & lit]>y =m1 ^? /udies _h  
be5 ! *annel ( an arti/ic impulse & _h  
be5 ent]$ into z art4 ,b ?is arti/ic p[]
 0 n felt by ! great] numb] ( ^? :o     
und]took1 9 ob$i5ce to ! new            
regulations1 ! duty ( tea*+ ,greek 9 !  
s*ools4 ,:at 0 left 9 ,greek /udies aft]
 ?is failure ( arti/ic insight 0 (t5 no 
m ?an ano!r =m ( purely intellectual    
discipl9e4 ,a new subject _h be5 add$ to
 ! curriculum1 b new life _h n be5      
br\ght into ! s*ools4 ,! v "n1          
,gymnasium1 :i* d5ot$ _! ,hell5ic       

purpose1 seem$ ironical4 ,!y 7 n ,greek 
9 _s & !y ignor$ ! tra9+ ( ! body4 ,?us 
:at ,wilhelm von ,humboldt _h *iefly    
aim$ at accompli%+1 he fail$ to d4 ,x 0 
n ! p[] ( ,greek art t he br\ght into ! 
s*ools b1 9 mo/ cases1 m]ely !          
philological /udy ( a second dead       
language4 ,! cause ( 8 failure 0 t he _h
 n discov]$ ! educational me?od :i* c\ld
 effectually secure 8 purpose4 ,he _h   
assum$ t1 9 ord] to introduce ! ,greek  
_s into education1 x 0 suffici5t to     
insi/ ^u ! l+ui/ic & lit]>y /udy (      
,greek4  ,9 "t1 attempts 7 made to rem$y
 :at 0 defective 9 ,humboldt's plan by  
insi/+ ^u physical ex]cises z an        
obligatory "p ( education 9 ! high]     
s*ools4 ,b ! physical ex]cises ?us      
introduc$1 ?\gh salut>y 9 !mselves1 7   
divorc$ f ! arti/ic influ5ces ( ! ,greek
 gymna/ic4 ,humboldt's *ief aim _h be5  
=gott54 ,8 sy/em ( organization _h root$
 itself1 b 8 educational ideal1 to :i*  
he atta*$ f> great] importance ?an to   
adm9i/rative regulation1 0 ignor$4  ,9  

lat] ye>s1 ?\gh su* ,neo-,hell5ism z    
,humboldt's _h long gone out ( fa%ion1 !
 weakness ( ! high] s*ools on ! side (  
arti/ic tra9+ 0 recogniz$4 ,b a         
corrective = ?is 0 s\ght 9 in/ruction   
ab\t art1 n 7except s f> z a little     
tea*+ ( draw+ w5t7 9 ! practice ( an    
art4 ,an attempt 0 made to cultivate    
ae/hetic appreciation by lessons :i*    
imp>t$ k b did n attempt to tra9 ! p[] (
 arti/ic production--an aim :i* 0 reg>d$
 z unrealizable1 except 9 vocal music1 &
 ( c\rse ?r\gh lit]>y composition1 9 a  
second>y s*ool4 ,?us ,humboldt's orig9al
 purpose has be5 almo/ :olly una*iev$4  
,! s*ools1 admirably organiz$ on !      
intellectual side &1 )9 c]ta9 limits1   
increas+ly effici5t 9 _! physical tra9+1
 are1 z a rule1 lack+ 9 ! influ5ce (    
art1 z inde$ 9 mo/ cases are !          
correspond+ s*ools 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,!   
spr+ ( arti/ic tra9+ has n be5 t\*$4 ,! 
divorce betwe5 intellectual discipl9e & 
arti/ic influ5ce 7except inde$ s f> z ! 
latt] is op]ative ?r\gh ! /udy (        

lit]ature1 ?r\gh a little draw+1 & ?r\gh
 vocal music7 is complete4 ,?is defect  
is felt ev5 m ke5ly 9 ,g]many ?an 9     
,engl&1 because 9 ! ,g]man s*ools !     
intellectual pressure is m sev]e1 & !   
s*ools d less = ! cultivation ( ^?      
int]e/s :i* lie outside ! limits (      
regul> class-room "w4  ,wilhelm von     
,humboldt gave little direct att5tion to
 ! "w ( ! elem5t>y s*ools4 ,8 *ief      
conc]n 0 ) high] education4 ,b 9 !      
elem5t>y s*ools also1 except 9 s f> z !y
 gave mu* c>e to vocal music1 ! c\rse ( 
tra9+ fail$ to make use ( ! educative   
p[] ( art4 ,a conviction t !re is an    
error has l$ 9 ,g]many1 z 9 ,engl& &    
,am]ica1 to an increas$ att5tion to     
draw+ & to attempts to int]e/ *ildr5 9  
good pictures4 ,b !re is /ill 7except 9 
! case ( vocal music & a little draw+7  
an unbridg$ gap betwe5 ! intellectual & 
! arti/ic "w ( ! s*ools4                
,jaques-,dalcroze's exp]i5ce sugge/s !  
possibility ( a mu* clos] comb9ation (  
^! two elem5ts1 bo? 9 elem5t>y & 9      

second>y education4 ,8 tea*+ requires f 
! pupils a su/a9$ & c>eful att5tion1 is 
9 %ort a sev]e 7?\gh n exhau/+7         
intellectual ex]cise2 :ile at ! same "t 
x tra9s ! s5se ( =m & rhy?m1 ! capacity 
to analyse musical /ructure1 & ! p[] (  
express+ rhy?m ?r\gh h>moni\s movem5t4  
,x is ?us a syn!sis ( educational       
influ5ce1 arti/ic & intellectual4 ,its  
educational value = "y *ildr51 its      
applicability to _! ne$s1 ! pleasure :i*
 !y take 9 ! ex]cises1 h be5            
conclusively prov$4 ,& 9 ! possibility (
 ?is widely ext5d$ use ( ! me?od lies   
p]haps ! *ief1 ?\gh f> inde$ f ! only1  
educational significance ( :at is n[ be+
 done at ,hell]au4  ,m4 ,e4 ,,sadl]4    
,illu/ration3 ,! ,college4     ,,rhy?m  
,,z ,a ,,factor ,,9 ,,education  ,,f ,,!
 ,,fr5* ,,( ,e4 ,,jaques-,,dalcroze#a   
#a ,fir/ publi%$ 9 ,le ,rhy?me 7,ble7 ( 
,decemb]1 #aiji4   ,x is b>ely a hundr$ 
ye>s s9ce music ceas$ to be an          
ari/ocratic art cultivat$ by a few      
privileg$ individuals & became in/ead a 

subject ( in/ruction = almo/ ev]ybody   
)\t reg>d to tal5t or exceptional       
ability4 ,s*ools ( ,music1 =m]ly        
frequ5t$ only by born musicians1 gift$ f
 bir? ) unusual p[]s ( p]ception = s\nd 
& rhy?m1 to-day receive all :o are fond 
( music1 h[ev] little ,nature may h     
end[$ !m ) ! necess>y capacity = musical
 expression & realization4 ,! numb] (   
solo play]s1 bo? piani/s & viol9i/s1 is 
con/antly increas+1 in/rum5tal te*nique 
is be+ develop$ to an extraord9>y       
degree1 b ev]y:]e1 too1 ! "q is be+ ask$
 :e!r ! quality ( in/rum5tal play]s is  
equal to _! quantity1 & :e!r !          
acquirem5t ( extraord9>y te*nique is    
likely to help musical progress :5 ?is  
te*nique is n jo9$ to musical p[]s1 if n
 ( ! fir/ rank1 at lea/ normal4  ,( t5  
c]tificat$ piani/s ( to-day1 at ! mo/   
"o1 if inde$ "o1 is capable ( recogniz+ 
"o key f ano!r1 ( improvis+ f\r b>s ) "*
 or s z to give pleasure to ! li/5]1 (  
giv+ expression to a composition )\t !  
help ( ! m or less num]\s annotations ) 

:i* pres5t day compos]s h to burd5 _!   
"w1 ( exp]i5c+ any feel+ :atev] :5 !y   
li/5 to1 or p]=m1 ! composition ( ano!r4
 ,! solo play]s ( old] days 7 )\t       
exception complete musicians1 able to   
improvise & compose1 arti/s driv5       
irresi/ibly t[>ds art by a noble ?ir/ = 
ae/hetic expression1 :]eas mo/ "y p :o  
devote !mselves n[adays to solo play+ h 
! gifts nei!r ( he>+ nor ( expression1  
are cont5t to imitate ! compos]'s       
expression )\t ! p[] ( feel+ x1 & h no  
o!r s5sibility ?an t ( ! f+]s1 no o!r   
motor faculty ?an an automatism pa9fully
 acquir$4 ,solo play+ ( ! pres5t day has
 specializ$ 9 a f+] te*nique :i* takes  
no acc\nt ( ! faculty ( m5tal           
expression4 ,x is no long] a means1 x   
has become an end4  ,z a rule1 writ+ is 
only taught to *ildr5 :o h rea*$ a ?9k+ 
age1 & we d n ?9k ( initiat+ !m into !  
art ( elocution until !y h got some?+ to
 say1 until _! p[]s ( compreh5sion1     
analysis & feel+ beg9 to %[ !mselves4   
,all mod]n educationali/s are agre$ t ! 

fir/ /ep 9 a *ild's education %\ld be to
 tea* him to "k himself1 to accu/om him 
to life & to awak5 9 him s5sations1     
feel+s & emotions1 be=e giv+ him ! p[] (
 describ+ !m4 ,likewise1 9 mod]n me?ods 
( tea*+ to draw1 ! pupil is taught to   
see objects be=e pa9t+ !m4 ,9 music1    
un=tunately1 ! same rule does n hold4   
,"y p are taught to play ! compositions 
( ,ba*1 ,moz>t1 ,bee?ov51 ,*op9 &       
,liszt1 be=e _! m9ds & e>s c grasp ^!   
works1 be=e !y h develop$ ! faculty (   
be+ mov$ by !m4  ,!re are two physical  
ag5ts by means ( :i* we appreciate      
music4 ,^! two ag5ts are ! e> z reg>ds  
s\nd1 & ! :ole n]v\s sy/em z reg>ds     
rhy?m4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n me t ! tra9+ ( 
^! two ag5ts _c easily be c>ri$ out     
simultane\sly4 ,a *ild f9ds x difficult 
to appreciate at ! same "t a succession 
( notes =m+ a melody & ! rhy?m :i*      
animates !m4  ,be=e tea*+ ! relation :i*
 exi/s betwe5 s\nd & movem5t1 x is wise 
to und]take ! indep5d5t /udy ( ea* ( ^! 
two elem5ts4 ,tone is evid5tly second>y1

 s9ce x has n its orig9 & model 9       
ourselves1 :]eas movem5t is in/9ctive 9 
man & !re=e prim>y4 ,!re=e ,i beg9 !    
/udy ( music by c>eful & exp]im5tal     
tea*+ ( movem5t4 ,?is is bas$ 9 e>lie/  
*ildhood on ! automatic ex]cise ( m>*+1 
= m>*+ is ! natural model ( "t measure4 
,by means ( v>i\s acc5tuations ) ! foot1
 ,i tea* ! diff]5t "t measures4 ,pauses 
7( v>y+ l5g?s7 9 ! m>*+ tea* ! *ildr5 to
 di/+ui% durations ( s\nd2 movem5ts to  
"t ) ! arms & ! head pres]ve ord] 9 !   
succession ( ! "t measures & analyse !  
b>s & pauses4  ,all ?is1 no d\bt1 seems 
v simple1 & s ,i ?\ght :5 beg9n+ my     
exp]im5ts4 ,un=tunately1 ! latt] h %[n  
me t x is n s simple z x seems1 b on !  
contr>y v complicat$4 ,& ?is because mo/
 *ildr5 h no in/9ct = "t1 = "t values1 =
 acc5tuation1 = physical balance2       
because ! motor faculties are n ! same 9
 all individuals1 & because a numb] (   
ob/acles imp$e ! exact & rapid physical 
realization ( m5tal conceptions4 ,"o    
*ild is always beh9d ! beat :5 m>*+1    

ano!r always ahead2 ano!r takes unequal 
/eps1 ano!r on ! contr>y lacks balance4 
,all ^! faults1 if n correct$ 9 ! fir/  
ye>s1 w reappe> lat] 9 ! musical        
te*nique ( ! individual4  ,un/eady "t :5
 s++ or play+1 confusion 9 play+1       
inability to foll[ :5 accompany+1       
acc5tuat+ too r\ghly or ) lack (        
precision1 all ^! faults h _! orig9 9 ! 
*ild's muscul> & n]v\s control1 9 lack (
 co-ord9ation betwe5 ! m9d :i*          
conceives1 ! bra9 :i* ord]s1 ! n]ve :i* 
transmits & ! muscle :i* executes4 ,&   
/ill m1 ! p[] ( phras+ & %ad+ music )   
feel+ dep5ds equally ^u ! tra9+ ( !     
n]ve-c5tres1 ^u ! co-ord9ation ( !      
muscul> sy/em1 ^u rapid communication   
betwe5 bra9 & limbs--9 a ^w1 ^u ! heal? 
( ! :ole organism2 & x is by try+ to    
discov] ! individual cause ( ea* musical
 defect1 & to f9d a means ( correct+ x1 
t ,i h gradually built up my me?od (    
eurhy?mics4  ,?is me?od is entirely bas$
 ^u exp]im5ts _m times repeat$1 & n "o (
 ! ex]cises has be5 adopt$ until x has  

be5 appli$ "u diff]5t =ms & "u diff]5t  
conditions & its usefulness def9itely   
prov$4 ,_m p h a completely false idea (
 my sy/em1 & consid] x is a simple      
v>iant on ! me?ods ( physical tra9+ at  
pres5t 9 fa%ion1 ^: inv5tors h und\bt$ly
 r5d]$ great s]vice to humanity4  ,i _c 
help smil+ :5 ,i read 9 c]ta9 pap]s1 ov]
 names :i* c>ry weight1 articles 9 :i*  
my me?od is comp>$ to o!r gymna/ic      
sy/ems4 ,! fact is1 my book is simply a 
regi/] ( ! diff]5t ex]cises :i* ,i h    
inv5t$1 & says no?+ ( my ideas 9 g5]al1 
= x is writt5 = ^? :o h le>nt to        
int]pret my mean+ "u my p]sonal tuition 
at ,g5eva & ,hell]au4  ,q naturally1    
half ! critics :o h done me ! hon\r (   
discuss+ ! book1 h only glanc$ ?r\gh x &
 look$ at ! photographs4 ,n "o ( !m has 
und]gone ! special tra9+ ^u :i* ,i lay  
/ress & )\t :i* ,i d5y absolutely t any 
"o has ! "r to pass a def9ite judgm5t on
 my mean+2 = "o does n le>n to ride by  
read+ a book on horseman%ip1 &          
eurhy?mics are above all a matt] (      

p]sonal exp]i5ce4  ,! object ( ! me?od  
is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to create by !    
help ( rhy?m a rapid & regul> curr5t (  
communication betwe5 bra9 & body2 & :at 
diff]5tiates my physical ex]cises f ^? (
 pres5t-day me?ods ( muscul> developm5t 
is t ea* ( !m is conceiv$ 9 ! =m :i* c  
mo/ quickly e/abli% 9 ! bra9 ! image ( !
 movem5t /udi$4  ,x is a "q ( elim9at+ 9
 e muscul> movem5t1 by ! help ( w1 !    
untimely int]v5tion ( muscles useless = 
! movem5t 9 "q1 & ?us develop+ att5tion1
 consci\sness & w-p[]4 ,next mu/ be     
creat$ an automatic te*nique = all ^?   
muscul> movem5ts :i* d n ne$ ! help ( ! 
consci\sness1 s t ! latt] may be res]v$ 
= ^? =ms ( expression :i* are purely    
intellig5t4 ,?anks to ! co-ord9ation ( !
 n]ve-c5tres1 to ! =mation & developm5t 
( ! greate/ possible numb] ( motor      
habits1 my me?od assures ! free/        
possible play to subconsci\s expression4
 ,! creation 9 ! organism ( a rapid &   
easy means ( communication betwe5 ?\ght 
& its means ( expression by movem5ts    

all[s ! p]sonality free play1 giv+ x "*1
 /r5g? & life to an extraord9>y degree4 
,neura/h5ia is (t5 no?+ else ?an        
intellectual confusion produc$ by !     
inability ( ! n]v\s sy/em to obta9 f !  
muscul> sy/em regul> ob$i5ce to ! ord] f
 ! bra94 ,tra9+ ! n]ve c5tres1 e/abli%+ 
ord] 9 ! organism1 is ! only rem$y =    
intellectual p]v]sion produc$ by lack ( 
w p[] & by ! incomplete subjection (    
body to m9d4 ,unable to obta9 physical  
realization ( its ideas1 ! bra9 amuses  
itself 9 =m+ images )\t hope ( realiz+  
!m1 drops ! real = ! unreal1 &          
sub/itutes va9 & vague speculation = !  
free & heal?y union ( m9d & body4  ,!   
fir/ result ( a ?or\gh rhy?mic tra9+ is 
t ! pupil sees cle>ly 9 himself :at he  
really is1 & obta9s f 8 p[]s all !      
advantage possible4 ,?is result seems to
 me "o :i* %\ld attract ! att5tion ( all
 educationali/s & assure to education by
 & = rhy?m an important place 9 g5]al   
culture4  ,b1 z an arti/1 ,i wi% to add1
 t ! second result ( ?is education ought

 to be to put ! completely develop$     
faculties ( ! individual at ! s]vice (  
art & to give ! latt] ! mo/ subtle &    
complete ( int]pret]s--! human body4 ,= 
! body c become a m>vell\s in/rum5t (   
beauty & h>mony :5 x vibrates 9 tune )  
arti/ic imag9ation & collaborates )     
creative ?\ght4 ,x is n en\gh t1 ?anks  
to special ex]cises1 /ud5ts ( music %\ld
 h correct$ _! faults & be no long] 9   
dang] ( spoil+ _! musical int]pretations
 by _! lack ( physical skill & h>moni\s 
movem5ts2 x is necess>y 9 addition t !  
music :i* lives )9 !m--arti/s w und]/&  
me--%\ld obta9 free & complete          
developm5t1 & t ! rhy?ms :i* inspire _! 
p]sonality %\ld ent] into intimate      
communion ) ^? :i* animate ! works to be
 int]pret$4  ,! education ( ! n]v\s     
sy/em mu/ be ( su* a nature t ! sugge/$ 
rhy?ms ( a "w ( art induce 9 !          
individual analog\s vibrations1 produce 
a p[]ful reaction 9 him & *ange         
naturally into rhy?ms ( expression4 ,9  
simpl] language1 ! body mu/ become      

capable ( respond+ to arti/ic rhy?ms & (
 realiz+ !m q naturally )\t fe> (       
exagg]ation4  ,?is faculty ( emotion1   
indisp5sable to ! arti/1 0 =m]ly natural
 to almo/ all beg9n]s 9 music1 = h>dly  
any b pre-de/9$ arti/s devot$ !mselves  
to ! art2 b1 if ?is is no long] ! case1 
x is possible at lea/ to awak5 dull$    
faculties1 to develop & co-ord9ate !m1 &
 x is ! duty ( e musical educationali/  
to det] f in/rum5tal te*nique e         
individual :o is /ill )\t musical feel+4
  ,! exp]im5tal /udy ( rhy?m %\ld =m a  
"p ( e well-organiz$ musical education1 
& ?is /udy w be useful n only to        
musicians1 b to music itself4 ,x is q   
c]ta9 t1 if s9ce ,bee?ov5's "t h>mony   
has develop$1 if ea* g5]ation has creat$
 fre% gr\p+s ( s\nds1 x is n ! same     
reg>d+ rhy?mic =ms1 :i* rema9 mu* z !y  
74  ,i %all be told t ! means (         
expression are ( no importance s long z 
! arti/ is able to %[ 8 mean+1 t a s9c]e
 emotion c be cle>ly express$ ev5 )     
old-fa%ion$ rhy?ms1 & t to try & create 

new rhy?ms is m]e te*nical "w1 & to     
en=ce su* ^u ! compos]s ( to-morr[ is   
simply depriv+ !m ( _! "*4 ,?is is all  
true1 & ,i myself h a horror ( seek+ new
 means ( expression )9 ! limits ( h>d & 
fa/ rules1 = expression ought to be a   
spontane\s manife/ation4 ,b ,i ass]t t  
exp]im5ts 9 rhy?m1 & ! complete /udy (  
movem5ts simple & comb9$1 ought to      
create a fre% m5tality1 t arti/s ?us    
tra9$ w f9d inevitably & spontane\sly   
new rhy?mic =ms to express _! feel+s1 & 
t 9 consequ5ce _! *>act]s w be able to  
develop m completely & ) great] /r5g?4  
,x is a fact t v "y *ildr5 taught by my 
me?od inv5t q naturally physical rhy?ms 
su* z w\ld h occurr$ to v few           
pr(essional musicians1 & t my mo/       
advanc$ pupils f9d monoton\s _m         
contempor>y works ! rhy?mic pov]ty ( :i*
 %ocks nei!r public nor critics4  ,i w  
t]m9ate ?is %ort sket* ( my sy/em by    
po9t+ out ! intimate relations :i* exi/ 
betwe5 movem5ts 9 "t & movem5ts 9 space1
 betwe5 rhy?ms 9 s\nd & rhy?m 9 ! body1 

betwe5 ,music & ,pla/ic ,expression4    
,ge/ures & attitudes ( ! body complete1 
animate & enliv5 any rhy?mic music      
writt5 simply & naturally )\t special   
reg>d to tone1 &1 j z 9 pa9t+ !re exi/  
side by side a s*ool ( ! nude & a s*ool 
( l&scape1 s 9 music !re may be         
develop$1 side by side1 pla/ic music &  
music pure & simple4 ,9 ! s*ool (       
l&scape pa9t+ emotion is creat$ entirely
 by comb9ations ( mov+ light & by !     
rhy?ms ?us caus$4 ,9 ! s*ool ( ! nude1  
:i* pictures ! _m %ades ( expression ( !
 human body1 ! arti/ tries to %[ ! human
 s\l z express$ by physical =ms1 enliv5$
 by ! emotions ( ! mom5t1 & at ! same "t
 ! *>act]i/ics suitable to ! individual 
& 8 race1 su* z !y appe> ?r\gh mom5t>y  
physical modifications4  ,9 ! same way1 
pla/ic music w picture human feel+s     
express$ by ge/ure & w model its s\nd   
=ms on ^? ( rhy?ms d]iv$ directly f     
expressive movem5ts ( ! human body4  ,to
 compose ! music :i* ! ,greeks appe> to 
h realiz$1 & = :i* ,goe! & ,s*ill] hop$1

 musicians mu/ h acquir$ exp]i5ce (     
physical movem5ts2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is       
c]ta9ly n ! case to-day1 = music has    
become beyond all o!rs an intellectual  
art4 ,:ile await+ ?is trans=mation1     
pres5t g5]ations c apply education by & 
= rhy?m to ! int]pretation ( pla/ic /age
 music su* z ,ri*>d ,wagn] has imag9$4  
,at ! pres5t day ?is music is n         
int]pret$ at all1 = dramatic s+]s1 /age 
manag]s & conductors d n und]/& !       
relation exi/+ betwe5 ge/ure & music1 & 
! absolute ignorance reg>d+ pla/ic      
expression :i* *>act]izes ! lyric actors
 ( our day is a real pr(anation ( sc5ic 
musical art4 ,n only are s+]s all[$ to  
walk & ge/iculate on ! /age )\t pay+ any
 att5tion to ! "t1 b also no %ade (     
expression1 dynamic or motor1 ( !       
or*e/ra--cresc5do1 decresc5do1 accel]&o1
 rall5t&o--f9ds 9 _! ge/ures adequate   
realization4 ,by ?is ,i mean ! k9d (    
:olly in/9ctive trans=mation ( s\nd     
movem5ts into bodily movem5ts su* z my  
me?od tea*es4  ,au?ors1 poets1 musicians

 & pa9t]s _c dem& f ! int]pret]s ( _!   
works k ( ! relations betwe5 movem5ts 9 
"t & 9 space1 = ?is k c only be develop$
 by special /udies4 ,no d\bt a few poets
 & pa9t]s h an inborn k ( ! rhy?ms (    
space2 = in/ance1 ,hugo von ,h(mann/hal1
 ! /age m\nt] ( ,electra at ! ,vi5na    
,op]a1 :o con/ruct$ a huge /aircase1 on 
:i*1 h[ev]1 ! actors1 hav+ little       
acqua9tance ) ! mo/ elem5t>y notions (  
balance1 mov$ ) deplorable heav9ess2 or 
aga91 ! ae/hetician ,adolphe ,appia1 ^: 
rem>kable "w ,music & ,/age ,m\nt+ ought
 to be ! guide ( all /age manag]s4 ,b ! 
majority ( compos]s write _! pla/ic     
music )\t kn[+ :e!r x is capable ( be+  
practically realiz$1 )\t p]sonal        
exp]i5ce ( ! laws ( weight1 =ce & bodily
 movem5t4  ,my hope is1 t s9c]e arti/s  
desir\s ( p]fection & seek+ progress w  
/udy s]i\sly ! grave "q :i* ,i raise4 ,=
 my own "p1 rely+ on _m exp]im5ts1 &    
full ( confid5ce 9 ideas c>efully ?\ght 
out1 ,i h devot$ my life to ! tea*+ (   
rhy?m1 be+ fully satisfi$ t1 ?anks to x1

 man w rega9 8 natural p[]s (           
expression1 & at ! same "t 8 full motor 
faculties1 & t art has ev]y?+ to hope f 
new g5]ations br\ght up 9 ! cult (      
h>mony1 ( physical & m5tal heal?1 (     
ord]1 beauty & tru?4     ,,f ,,!        
,,lectures ,,( ,,emile                  
,,jaques-,,dalcroze  7,,lecture ,,at    
,,leipzig1 ,,decemb] #aj1 #aiaa7   ,!   
objection is (t5 rais$ t "u my sy/em !  
te*nique ( an in/rum5t is acquir$ too   
late4 ,b ?is objection has no f\ndation 
9 fact4 ,a *ild :o beg9s rhy?mic        
gymna/ics z ,i w\ld h x 9 its fif? or   
six? ye> & a ye> lat] e>-tra9+1 c       
c]ta9ly h piano lessons :5 eight ye>s   
old1 & ,i c /ate f exp]i5ce t ! f+]     
te*nique ( ! *ild w !n develop mu* m    
quickly1 = ! musical faculties 9 g5]al w
 h be5 f> bett] develop$1 m ?or\ghly    
tra9$ & become m "p ( ! *ild's life ow+ 
to ! prelim9>y tra9+4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,lessons 
9 rhy?mic gymna/ics help *ildr5 9 _! o!r
 lessons1 = !y develop ! p[]s (         

obs]vation1 ( analyz+1 ( und]/&+ & (    
memory1 ?us mak+ !m m ord]ly & precise4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,! effect ( rhy?mic tra9+ on ! "t-table 
& life ( a s*ool is l t ( a hot wat]    
heat+ sy/em :i* spreads an equal w>m?   
?r\gh all p>ts ( a build+4 ,tea*]s ( o!r
 subjects w f9d t su* tra9+ provides !m 
) pupils m responsive1 m ela/ic & ( m "*
 ?an !y o!rwise w\ld be4 ,!re=e1 ! /udy 
( rhy?m1 z well z education by means (  
rhy?m1 ought to be mo/ closely connect$ 
) s*ool life4      ,illu/ration3 ,!     
,college4         99       99       99  
99       99  7,,address ,,to ,,!        
,,dresd5 ,,tea*]s' ,,association1 ,,may 
#bh1 #aiab7  ,f _m ye>s' exp]i5ce (     
music tea*+ ,i h gradually produc$ a    
me?od :i* gives a *ild musical exp]i5ces
 in/ead ( musical k4  ,i expect mu* f   
education 9 rhy?m 9 elem5t>y s*ools1    
provid$ x be giv5 regul>ly1 completely &
 suffici5tly4 ,! ex]cises %\ld be begun 
at ! age ( six1 ) half an h\r's lesson  
?ree times a week1 b ^! lessons c q well

 be tak5 f playtime4 ,by ! age ( twelve 
two lessons a week are suffici5t4 ,?is  
tra9+ w n only develop ! feel+ = beauty 
& =m by accu/om+ ! eye to di/+ui%       
beautiful movem5ts & l9es f ^? t are    
ugly1 b also r5d] ! *ildr5 susceptible  
to musical impressions4  ,!re are always
 *ildr5 :o are n able to s+ 9 "t1 or ev5
 to beat "t1 to walk 9 "t1 or to        
graduate ! /r5g? & rapidity ( _!        
movem5ts4 ,su* *ildr5 are unrhy?mic1 & x
 w g5]ally be notic$ t ^! *ildr5 are    
/iff & awkw>d1 (t5 also ov]-excitable4  
,?is lack ( rhy?m is almo/ l a disease4 
,x is caus$ by ! lack ( balance betwe5 !
 m5tal & physical p[]s1 :i* results f   
insuffici5t co-ord9ation betwe5 ! m5tal 
picture ( a movem5t & its p]=mance by ! 
body1 & ^! n]v\s tr\bles are j z mu* !  
cause z ! result ( su* lack ( h>mony4 ,9
 "s cases ! bra9 gives cle> & def9ite   
impulses1 b ! limbs1 9 !mselves heal?y1 
c d no?+ because ! n]v\s sy/em is 9     
confusion4 ,9 o!r cases ! limbs h lo/ ! 
p[] to c>ry out ord]s s5t by ! bra91 & !

 undis*>g$ n]ve-impulses di/urb ! :ole  
n]v\s sy/em4 ,9 o!r cases aga91 muscles 
& n]ves are heal?y1 b insuffici5t tra9+ 
9 rhy?m imp$es ! =mation ( la/+ rhy?mic 
images 9 ! bra94 ,to repeat1 ! causes ( 
?is lack ( rhy?m all lie 9 ! important b
 insuffici5tly recogniz$                
psy*o-physiological sph]e ( !           
co-ord9ation ( bra91 n]ve-pa?s &        
muscles4  ,! objection is sometimes made
 t rhy?mic gymna/ics cause n]ve-/ra9 9  
*ildr54 ,?is is n ! case4 ,sev]al bra9  
speciali/s h told me t !y h effect$     
satisfactory cures ) rhy?mic gymna/ic   
ex]cises4  ,rhy?m is inf9ite1 !re=e !   
possibilities = physical repres5tations 
( rhy?m are inf9ite4         99       99
       99       99       99  7,,address 
,,to ,,/ud5ts1 d] ,rhy?mus1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4
 #da1 et seq47  ,i consid] x unp>donable
 t 9 tea*+ ! piano ! :ole att5tion %\ld 
be giv5 to ! imitative faculties1 & t ! 
pupil %\ld h no opportunity :atev] (    
express+ 8 own musical impressions ) !  
te*nical means :i* are taught him4      

,:e!r ! tea*] himself be a g5ius is (   
little importance1 provid$ he is able to
 help o!rs to develop _! own tal5ts4    
,"o c create no?+ ( la/+ value )\t      
self-k4 ,! only liv+ art is t :i* gr[s  
out ( "o's own exp]i5ces4 ,x is j ! same
 ) tea*+2 x is q impossible to develop  
o!rs until "o has prov$ "o's own p[]s 9 
e direction1 until "o has le>nt to      
conqu] oneself1 to make oneself bett]1  
to suppress bad t5d5cies1 to /r5g!n good
 ones1 &1 9 ! place ( ! primitive be+1  
to make "o m complete :o1 hav+          
consci\sly =m$ himself1 kn[s 8 p[]s4    
,only 9 proportion z "o develops oneself
 is "o able to help o!rs to develop4  ,i
 consid] t "o does n require to be a    
g5ius 9 ord] to tea* o!rs1 b t "o       
c]ta9ly does require /rong conviction1  
en?usiasm1 p]si/5ce & joy 9 life4 ,all  
^! qualities are equally d]iv$ f !      
control & k ( self4  ,we mu/1 f y\?     
upw>ds1 le>n t we are ma/]s ( our fate1 
t h]$ity is p[]less if we realize t we c
 conqu] x1 t our future dep5ds ^u !     

victory :i* we ga9 ov] ourselves4 ,h[ev]
 weak ! individual may be1 8 help is    
requir$ to prep>e a way = a bett]       
future4 ,life & gr[? are "o & ! same1 & 
x is our duty by ! example ( our lives  
to develop ^? :o come aft] u4 ,let u    
!re=e assume ! responsibility :i*       
,nature puts ^u u1 & consid] x our duty 
to reg5]ate ourselves2 ?us %all we help 
! gr[? ( a m beautiful humanity4  ,i l  
joy1 = x is life4 ,i prea* joy1 = x     
alone gives ! p[] ( creat+ useful & la/+
 "w4 ,amusem5t1 an excitem5t :i*        
/imulates ! n]ves in/ead ( uplift+ ! _s1
 is n necess>y 9 ! life ( ! arti/4 ,(   
c\rse "o mu/ (t5 let oneself g1 & ,i    
%\ld be ! la/ to def5d a s-call$ moral  
discipl9e1 or a p$antic rule ( mona/ic  
sev]ity4 ,= a heal?y1 active p]son ! joy
 ( ! daily /ruggle & ( "w p]=m$ )       
en?usiasm %\ld be suffici5t to beautify 
life1 drive away fatigue & illum9ate    
pres5t & future4 ,?is condition ( joy is
 br\ght ab\t 9 u by ! feel+ ( fre$om &  
responsibility1 by ! cle> p]ception ( ! 

creative p[] 9 u1 by ! balance ( our    
natural p[]s1 by ! h>moni\s rhy?m betwe5
 int5tion & de$4 ,x dep5ds ^u our       
creative faculties1 bo? natural &       
acquir$1 & becomes great] z ^! gr[4 ,!  
p[] ( und]/&+ ourselves c]ta9ly gives u 
a s5se ( fre$om1 = x op5s a rapid       
correspond5ce1 n only betwe5 imag9ation 
& p[] ( p]=mance1 betwe5 app]ception &  
feel+s1 b also betwe5 ! v>i\s k9ds (    
feel+s :i* dwell 9 u4      ,illu/ration3
 ,! ,college4     ,,!                   
,,jaques-,,dalcroze ,,me?od   ,i4       
,,gr[?#a      #a ,= mu* ( ! mat]ial (   
?is *apt] ! writ]     is indebt$ to ,h]r
 ,k>l ,/orck1 ( ,b]l91 to ^:     book   
,e4 ,jaques-,dalcroze1 se9e ,/ellung und
 ,aufgabe 9     uns]] ,zeit1 ,/uttg>t1  
#aiab1 ,gre9]  ,pfeiff]1 !     read] is 
direct$4   ,emile ,jaques-,dalcroze 0   
born 9 ,vi5na on ,july #f1 #ahfe1 ( mix$
 p>5tage1 8 fa!r be+ a ,swiss f ,/4     
,croix 9 ! ,jura 7h5ce ! arti/ "n       
,dalcroze71 8 "m ( ,g]man extraction4   
,at ! age ( eight 8 p>5ts br\ght him to 

,g5eva1 :]e 9 due c\rse he became a     
/ud5t at ! ,cons]vatoire ( ,music4 ,8   
musical education 0 cont9u$ 9 ,p>is "u  
,lo ,delibes & 9 ,vi5na "u ,bruckn] &   
,fu*s4 ,= a %ort p]iod 8 /udies 7       
int]rupt$ by an engagem5t z musical     
director ( a small !atre 9 ,algi]s--an  
opportunity :i* he us$ = /udy ( !       
peculi> rhy?ms ( ,arab popul> music1 :i*
 he f\nd unusually int]e/+ & /imulat+4  
,return+ to ,g5eva1 he e>n$1 by a life (
 v>i$ activities z tea*]1 writ] &       
compos]1 a /&+ :i* 9 #ahib br\ght him ! 
appo9tm5t ( ,pr(essor ( ,h>mony at !    
,g5eva ,cons]vatoire4  ,! wid] exp]i5ce 
:i* ! new sph]e ( "w br\ght 0 to a c]ta9
 ext5t a disappo9tm5t1 = ) x came cle>  
evid5ce ( :at _h be=e only be5 suspect$1
 namely1 t ! education ( future         
pr(essional musicians 0 9 _m ways       
radically wrong1 9 t ! tra9+ (          
individual faculties 0 made ! *ief      
object1 )\t consid]ation ( :e!r or no ^!
 faculties /ood 9 any close relation to 
! inn] consci\sness ( ! /ud5t4 ,9 o!r   

words1 ! aim ( ! tra9+ 0 to =m means (  
expression1 )\t consid]ation ( :at 0 to 
be express$1 to produce a highly tra9$  
in/rum5t1 )\t ?\ght ( ! art ^: s]vant x 
0 to be1 to take z prim>y object a ?+ ( 
second>y importance1 inde$ only (       
importance at all :5 consequ5t on some?+
 :i* ! usual tra9+ entirely neglect$4 ,!
 /ud5ts 7 taught to play in/rum5ts1 to  
s+ songs1 b )\t any ?\ght ( su* "w      
becom+ a means ( self expression & s x 0
 f\nd t pupils1 te*nically f> advanc$1  
aft] _m ye>s ( /udy 7 unable to deal ) !
 simple/ problems 9 rhy?m & t _! s5se = 
pit*1 relative or absolute1 0 mo/       
defective2 t1 :ile able to read         
accurately or to play pieces memoriz$1  
!y1 _h n ! slighte/ p[] ( giv+ musical  
expression to _! simple/ ?\ghts or      
feel+s1 9 fact 7 l p :o possess !       
vocabul>y ( a language & are able to    
read :at o!rs h writt51 yet are unable  
to put _! own simple ?\ghts &           
impressions into words4 ,! analogy "h is
 ! simple/ use ( ev]yday language2 f ?is

 to ! art ( ! essayi/ or poet is f>2 s 9
 music--"o :o has ma/]$ notes1 *ords &  
rhy?ms c give musical expression to     
simple ?\ghts & feel+s1 :ile to become a
 compos] he mu/ trav]se a road t only   
natural tal5t c r5d] easy4              
,jaques-,dalcroze took ! view t te*nique
 %\ld be no?+ b a means to art1 t ! aim 
( musical education %\ld be1 n !        
production ( piani/s1 viol9i/s1 s+]s1 b 
( musically develop$ human be+s1 & t    
!re=e ! /ud5t %\ld n beg9 by specializ+ 
on any in/rum5t1 b by develop+ 8 musical
 faculties1 ?us produc+ a basis =       
specializ$ /udy4 ,?is tra9+ c\ld only be
 obta9$ by awak5+ ! s5se1 natural ?\gh  
(t5 lat5t1 = ! ultimate bases ( music1  
namely1 tone & rhy?m4 ,z ! s5se = tone  
c\ld only be develop$ ?r\gh ! e>1 he n[ 
gave special att5tion to vocal "w1 &    
notic$ t :5 ! /ud5ts !mselves beat "t to
 _! s++1 ! "w became mu* m real1 t !    
pupils _h a feel+ ( be+ physically 9    
unison ) ! music1 inde$ ! feel+ (       
produc+ some?+ complete & beautiful4    

,foll[+ up ?is h9t1 ,ge/ure ,songs 7    
writt51 :i*1 x 0 f\nd1 7 p]=m$ )        
surpris+ ease4  ,up to ?is po9t movem5t 
_h only be5 us$ z an accompanim5t to    
music1 n z a means ( express+ x2 ! next 
/ep 0 to give ! body a tra9+ s ref9$ & s
 detail$ z to make x s5sitive to e      
rhy?mic impulse & able to lose itself 9 
any music4 ,?is co-ord9ation ( movem5t &
 music is ! ess5ce ( ! ,jaques-,dalcroze
 me?od1 & diff]5tiates x f all o!r      
me?ods ( simil> aim4  ,s f> only arm    
movem5ts _h be5 employ$1 & ^? m]ely !   
conv5tional ones ( ! conductor4 ,! next 
/ep 0 to devise a s]ies ( arm movem5ts1 
provid+ a means ( cle>ly m>k+ all tempi 
f two beats 9 ! b> to twelve beats 9 !  
b>1 includ+ su* =ms z #e_/d #g_/d #i_/d 
#aa_/d1 & a sy/em ( movem5ts ( ! body & 
l[] limbs to repres5t "t values f any   
numb] ( notes to ! beat up to :ole notes
 ( twelve beats to ! note4 ,f ! fir/ !  
"w ar\s$ ke5 int]e/ among ! /ud5ts & _! 
p>5ts1 & ! ma/] 0 giv5 en?usia/ic help  
by !m 9 all 8 exp]im5ts2 above all he 0 

loyally aid$ by 8 assi/ant1 ,frule9 ,n9a
 ,gort]4 ,! ,cons]vatoire au?orities1   
h[ev]1 7 n sympa!tic1 & x became        
necess>y to =m a volunte]-exp]im5tal    
class1 :i* work$ outside (ficial h\rs & 
build+s4  ,! fir/ public recognition ( !
 me?od 0 at ! ,music ,fe/ival 9         
,solo?urn 9 #aije1 :]e a demon/ration 0 
giv5 :i* made a /rik+ impression on ^?  
pres5t4 ,! value ( ! me?od = ! elem5t>y 
education ( musicians 0 imm$iately      
recogniz$ & "s slight idea obta9$ ( ! "p
 x might play 9 g5]al elem5t>y          
education4 ,x has be5 made cle> t !     
me?od _h its orig9 9 ! attempt to give  
life & reality to musical education1 to 
give a f\ndational developm5t on :i*    
specializ$ music /udy c\ld be bas$1 & t 
x _h gr[n naturally & gradually z !     
result ( obs]vation & exp]im5t4 ,n[ x   
began to be app>5t t some?+ /ill great] 
?an ! orig9al aim _h be5 a*iev$1 t !    
sy/em evolv$ 0 "o :i*1 prop]ly us$1     
might be ( enorm\s value 9 ! education (
 *ildr54 ,) *>act]i/ic en]gy            

,jaques-,dalcroze1 inspir$ by ! new     
idea1 took up ! /udy ( psy*ology1 9 :i* 
he 0 help$ by 8 fri5d1 ! psy*ologi/     
,clap>de1 :o e>ly saw ! value :i* ! new 
ideas might h 9 educational practice4 ,!
 *ange ( outlook :i* n[ took place 9 !  
ma/]'s m9d c be/ be made cle> by a      
translation ( 8 own words4#a      #a    
,address to /ud5ts1 ,dresd51 #aiaa 7,d] 
,rhy?mus1     vol4 i1 p4 #cc74      ,x  
is true t ,i fir/ devis$ my me?od z a   
musician = musicians4 ,b ! fur!r ,i     
c>ri$ my     exp]im5ts1 ! m ,i notic$ t1
 :ile a me?od     int5d$ to develop !   
s5se = rhy?m1 & inde$     bas$ on su*   
developm5t1 is ( great importance 9     
! education ( a musician1 its *ief value
 lies 9     ! fact t x tra9s ! p[]s (   
app]ception &     ( expression 9 !      
individual & r5d]s easi] !              
ext]nalization ( natural emotions4      
,exp]i5ce tea*es     me t a man is n    
ready = ! specializ$ /udy (     an art  
until 8 "* is =m$1 & 8 p[]s (           
expression develop$4  ,9 #aijf 0 held ! 

fir/ tra9+-c\rse = tea*]s2 h[ ! me?od   
has s9ce gr[n c be realiz$ by not+ t a  
=tnight 0 !n consid]$ a suffici5t p]iod 
( tra9+1 :il/ n[ ! tea*]s' c\rse at     
,hell]au requires f "o to ?ree ye>s'    
/eady "w4 ,9 ! ye>s #aijg-i ! %ort      
tea*]s' c\rses 7 repeat$2 9 ! latt] ye> 
! fir/ diploma 0 grant$1 exp]i5ce hav+  
%[n ! ne$ ( ?is1 = already individuals 9
 all p>ts ( ! _w1 aft] b a few days'    
tra9+1 9 "s cases aft] m]ely be+        
spectators at lessons1 7 adv]tis+       
!mselves z tea*]s ( ! me?od4 ,9 #aiaj   
,jaques-,dalcroze 0 invit$ by ! bro!rs  
,wolf & ,h>ald ,dohrn to come to        
,dresd51 :]e1 9 ! g>d5 suburb (         
,hell]au1 !y h built him a ,college =   
,rhy?mic ,tra9+1 a true ,palace (       
,rhy?m4   ,,ii4 ,,practice#a      #a ,9 
! prep>ation ( ?is *apt] free use has   
be5 made ( ! writ+s ( ,m4               
,jaques-,dalcroze & (     ,dr4 ,wolf    
,dohrn1 ,director ( ! ,college ( ,music 
&     ,rhy?m1 ,hell]au1 ,dresd54   ,!   
me?od naturally falls into ?ree         

divisions--      7a7 ,rhy?mic gymna/ics 
prop]4     7b7 ,e> tra9+4     7c7       
,improvisation 7practical h>mony74  7a7 
,is ess5tially ! ,jaques-,dalcroze      
me?od--t :i* is fundam5tally new4 ,z x  
is ?is "p ( ! me?od :i* is likely to    
prove ( great value 9 all sy/ems (      
education1 n m]ely z a prep>ation = !   
/udy ( music1 b z a means to ! utmo/    
developm5t ( faculty 9 ! individual1 x w
 be dealt ) 9 detail4  7b7 ,is ( !      
greate/ importance z an adjunct to      
rhy?mic gymna/ics1 s9ce x is ?r\gh ! e> 
t rhy?m-impressions are mo/ (t5 & mo/   
easily obta9$4 ,jaques-,dalcroze        
naturally uses 8 own me?ods ( e>-tra9+1 
:i* are extremely successful1 b he does 
n lay /ress on !m2 he does1 h[ev]1      
emphasize ! ne$ ( su* tra9+1 :atev] !   
me?od1 z %all give ! pupil an accurate  
s5se ( pit*1 bo? absolute & relative1 & 
a feel+ = tonality4 ,! m ^! are possess$
 ! great] ! use :i* c be made ( rhy?mic 
gymna/ics4      ,illu/ration3 ,beat+    
#d_/d4      ,illu/ration3 ,movem5ts = ! 

,semibreve4  7c7 ,?is is n requir$ 9 !  
pupil1 h[ev] valuable x may be z an     
additional means ( self-expression2 x   
is1 h[ev]1 absolutely necess>y = !      
successful tea*] ( rhy?mic gymna/ics1 :o
 mu/ be able to express1 on "s          
in/rum5t--mo/ conv5i5tly ! piano--:atev]
 rhy?ms1 simple or comp\nd1 he may wi%  
to use 9 ! tra9+ ( 8 pupils4 ,?is       
subject1 !re=e1 naturally =ms an        
important "p ( ! normal c\rse at !      
,hell]au ,college1 s9ce ?is c\rse is    
plann$ to meet ! ne$s ( /ud5ts prep>+ = 
! tea*+ diploma 9 ,eurhy?mics4 ,"h1 too1
 ,jaques-,dalcroze has 8 own sy/em1 )   
:i* he obta9s results (t5 rem>kable1 b1 
z 9 ! case ( ! e>-tra9+1 ?is is a detail
 n peculi> to ! me?od z a :ole4  ,to    
repeat3 ! ess5tials are t ! tea*] h !   
p[] ( free expression on "s musical     
in/rum5t1 ! pupil t ( he>+ correctly4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,! sy/em ( ex]cises kn[n z rhy?mic      
gymna/ics is bas$ ^u two ideas1 7i7 "t  
is %[n by movem5ts ( ! arms1 7ii7       

"t-values1 i4e41 note-duration1 by      
movem5ts ( ! feet & body4 ,9 ! e>ly     
/ages ( ! tra9+ ?is pr9ciple is cle>ly  
obs]v$2 lat] x may be v>i$ 9 _m +5i\s   
ways1 = in/ance 9 :at is kn[n z pla/ic  
c\nt]po9t1 :]e ! actual notes play$ are 
repres5t$ by movem5ts ( ! arms1 :ile !  
c\nt]po9t 9 crot*ets1 quav]s or         
semiquav]s1 is giv5 by ! feet4  ,! sy/em
 ( beat+ "t ) ! arms provides = all     
tempi f #b_/d to #ab_/d & includes #e_/d
 #g_/d #i_/d4  ,9 ! s]ies ( movem5ts to 
repres5t note-values ! crot*et is tak5 z
 ! unit2 ?is is repres5t$ by a /ep2     
high] values1 f ! m9im to ! :ole note ( 
twelve beats1 are repres5t$ by a /ep )  
"o foot & a movem5t or movem5ts ) ! o!r 
foot or ) ! body1 b )\t progression1    
e4g41 a m9im by "o /ep & a knee b5d1 a  
dott$ m9im by a /ep & two movem5ts )\t  
progression1 a :ole note ( twelve beats 
by a /ep & elev5 movem5ts4 ,?us = ea*   
note 9 ! music !re is "o /ep1 "o        
progression 9 space1 :ile at ! same "t !
 note1 if ( great] l5g? ?an a crot*et1  

is analys$ into crot*ets4  ,notes (     
%ort] duration ?an ! crot*et1 i4e41     
quav]s1 triplets1 etc41 are express$    
also by /eps :i* become quick] 9        
proportion to _! frequ5cy4  ,:5 !       
movem5ts correspond+ to ! notes f !     
crot*et to ! :ole note ( twelve beats h1
 ) all _! details1 become a habit1 !    
pupil ne$ only make !m m5tally1 cont5t+ 
himself ) "o /ep =w>d4 ,?is /ep w h !   
exact l5g? ( ! :ole note1 :i* w be      
m5tally analys$ into its v>i\s elem5ts4 
,al?\gh ^! elem5ts are n individually   
p]=m$ by ! body1 _! images & !          
inn]vations sugge/$ by ^? images take ! 
place ( ! movem5ts4  ,! process is      
simil> to t ( ! *ild le>n+ to read2 at  
fir/ x reads al\d1 !n to itself1 /ill1  
h[ev]1 mov+ its lips1 i4e41 /ill mak+   
all ! inn]vations necess>y = !          
pronunciation ( ! words4 ,only aft] mu* 
practice does ! process become          
suffici5tly automatic = ^! lip & tongue 
inn]vations to be dropp$4 ,inde$1 _m    
adults %[ traces ( !m :5 !y read4 ,to   

:at degree our p[] to read is bas$ ^u   
su* inn]vations is %[n by ! fact t old  
p1 z _! inhibitory p[]s become weak]1   
(t5 rev]t to mak+ ^! lip movem5ts4 ,f   
?is we may conclude t su* inn]vations1  
al?\gh !y d n f9d _! natural expression1
 /ill exi/ & h effect1 i4e41 !y are     
necess>y4 ,! ,jaques-,dalcroze me?od    
aims at no?+ m or less ?an ! tra9+ (    
rhy?mic inn]vations4  ,! :ole tra9+ aims
 at develop+ ! p[] ( rapid physical     
reaction to m5tal impressions4 ,^! latt]
 are m commonly obta9$ ?r\gh ! e>1      
*iefly f ! music play$2 naturally1      
h[ev]1 ! tea*] ne$s at times to give    
comm&s dur+ an ex]cise4 ,= ?is purpose  
he inv>iably uses ! ^w hopp1 a ^w *os5 =
 its cle> incisiv5ess4  ,be=e ea*       
ex]cise x is cle>ly /at$ :at ! ^w is to 
repres5t 9 t p>ticul> case1 e4g41 omit  
"o beat1 omit "o b>1 beat "t twice z fa/
 ) ! arms1 etc42 (t5 ! ^w w be us$ 9    
s]ies 9 an ex]cise1 ea* hopp mean+ "s   
additional *ange4 ,z ! comm& g5]ally    
falls on ! second half ( ! beat prec$+ !

 "o 9 :i* ! *ange is to be made1 v rapid
 m5tal & physical response is necess>y1 
especially if ! music be at all quick4  
,ex]cises ( ?is class soon give ! p[] ( 
rapid muscul> inn]vation & inhibition1 &
 are ( extraord9>y value 9 education1 q 
ap>t f _! purely rhy?mic side4  ,we w n[
 consid] ! ex]cises 9 "s detail1 tak+1 z
 a matt] ( conv5i5ce1 ! ord] & gr\p+    
g5]ally adopt$ at demon/rations ( !     
me?od4 ,9 actual practice su* /rict     
gr\p+ is nei!r possible nor necess>y2 ! 
actual =m :i* ! lessons take w dep5d ^u 
! g5ius ( tea*] & pupils1 !             
possibilities ( v>iety be+ inf9ite4     
,sid5ote3 ,,movem5ts ,,to ,,indicate    
,,v>i\s ,,tempi  ,simple music is play$ 
to :i* ! pupils m>*4 ,z !y grasp ! beat 
!y m>k x by an acc5t$ /ep2 :5 ?is       
becomes easy1 ! correspond+ arm movem5ts
 are add$1 & ! /rong beat1 at ?is /age  
always ! fir/1 is m>k$ by full          
contraction ( ! arm muscles4 ,practice  
is giv5 until at hopp ! pupil c /op     
sudd5ly1 discont9ue acc5t+ ) "o or bo?  

arms or ) "o or bo? feet1 sub/itute an  
arm-movem5t = a foot movem5t1 ins]t an  
extra acc5t ei!r ) arm or foot1 or d any
 simil> ?+ previ\sly agre$ on4 ,by      
repeat$ practice ( su* ex]cises complete
 automatic control ( ! limbs is obta9$ &
 ! gr\nd prep>$ = m advanc$ "w4 ,x is at
 ?is /age t ! simple movem5ts to        
indicate times & notes are le>nt2 !y may
 be lik5$ to ! alphabet ( ! me?od1 !    
elem5t>y ex]cises z a :ole be+ its      
accid5ce1 ! m advanc$ /ages1 includ+    
pla/ic expression1 its syntax4          
,sid5ote3 ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,metre  ,?is gr\p
 ( ex]cises is a natural ext5sion ( ^?  
prec$+4  ,! pupil le>ns a s]ies (       
movem5ts :i* toge!r =m a rhy?m1 fir/    
practis+ !m s+ly1 !n 9 gr\ps1 ! signal =
 ! *ange be+ always ! ^w hopp4 ,by means
 ( su* ex]cises ! compon5t movem5ts     
requir$ 9 ! physical expression ( a     
rhy?m c be le>nt1 fir/ individually1 !n 
9 s]ies1 until ! complete rhy?m c be    
express$ & ! use ( hopp be dropp$1 ea*  
*ange ( movem5t becom+ itself ! signal =

 ! next4  ,aga91 ! pupil le>ns to       
realize#a a rhy?m play$ on ! piano or   
indicat$ by ! movem5ts ( ano!r p]son4   
,?is is some?+ q ap>t f m]e imitation2  
tra9$ by previ\s ex]cises1 ! pupil fir/ 
=ms cle> m5tal images ( ! movem5ts      
correspond+ to ! rhy?m 9 "q & !n gives  
physical expression to ^? images4 ,9 o!r
 words1 he does n reproduce until he has
 und]/ood2 9 fact1 )\t und]/&+1 correct 
reproduction ( a l5g?y s]ies ( su*      
movem5ts is impossible4 ,9 ! same way1  
an individual _c easily rememb] & repeat
 a succession ( words :i* he does n     
und]/&1 b c repeat )\t difficulty a long
 s]ies ( words ( :i* he und]/&s ! s5se4 
,inde$1 ! importance ( _m ( ^! ex]cises 
becomes cle>] :5 ! way 9 :i* *ildr5 are 
taught to read & write is rememb]$4     
#a ,realize is us$ 9 rhy?mic gymna/ics 9
 !     s5se express by movem5ts ( !     
body4  ,oral & visual images ( lett]s & 
words are impress$ on ! *ild by read+   
al\d1 & 9 ?is way ! "y bra9 easily ma/]s
 ! difficult "w ( read+ & writ+4 ,!     

,jaques-,dalcroze me?od proce$s 9       
exactly ! same mann] z reg>ds ! elem5ts 
( music4  ,:5 we h once realiz$ ?is     
po9t1 we are b\nd to wond] :y music     
tea*+ has n always be5 bas$ on ?is      
elem5t>y & unfail+ =m4 ,:at w\ld be said
 to tea*]s :o tri$ to tea* *ildr5 to    
read & write )\t lett+ !m spell & read  
al\d8 ,b ?is is :at has (t5 be5 done 9 !
 tea*+ ( music1 & if *ildr5 g5]ally %[ b
 little pleasure & int]e/ 9 _! fir/     
music lessons1 ! fault does n lie ) !m b
 ) our wrong me?od ( mak+ ! elem5ts cle>
 to !m4  ,z a matt] ( fact we g5]ally d 
n make ! latt] cle> to !m1 & fail 9 !   
mo/ important duty ( ! educator & tea*]1
 namely1 t ( mak+ ! *ild really exp]i5ce
 :at he is to le>n4      ,sid5ote3      
,,developm5t ,,( ,,m5tal ,,response  ,a 
rhy?m 9 music consi/s ( a regul>ly      
recurr+ s]ies ( acc5t$ s\nds1 unacc5t$  
s\nds1 & re/s1 express$ 9 rhy?mic       
gymna/ics by movem5ts & inhibitions (   
movem5ts4 ,individuals :o are           
rhy?mically unc]ta9 g5]ally h a muscul> 

sy/em :i* is irregul>ly responsive to   
m5tal /imuli2 ! response may be too     
rapid or too sl[2 9 ei!r case impulse or
 inhibition falls at ! wrong mom5t1 !   
*ange ( movem5t is n made to "t1 & !    
physical expression ( ! rhy?m is blurr$4
  ,al?\gh feel+ = rhy?m is m or less    
lat5t 9 u all & c be develop$1 few h x  
naturally p]fect4 ,! me?od has _m       
ex]cises :i* are ( use 9 ?is connexion4 
,by means ( ^! ! pupil is taught h[ to  
arre/ movem5t sudd5ly or sl[ly1 to move 
alt]nately =w>ds or backw>ds1 to spr+ at
 a giv5 signal1 to lie d[n or /& up 9 ! 
exact "t ( a b> ( music--9 ea* case ) a 
m9imum ( muscul> ef=t & )\t = a mom5t   
los+ ! feel+ = ea* "t-unit ( ! music4   
,sid5ote3 ,,m5tal ,,he>+4 ,,conc5tration
  ,physical movem5ts repeat$ly p]=m$    
create correspond+ images 9 ! bra92 !   
/rong] ! feel+ = ! movem5t1 i4e41 ! m ! 
pupil conc5trates :ile mak+ t movem5t1 !
 cle>] w be ! correspond+ m5tal image1 &
 ! m fully w ! s5se = metre & rhy?m be  
develop$4  ,we might say t ^! movem5t   

images /ore up ! inn]vations :i* br+    
ab\t ! actual movem5t4 ,!y are = ! body 
& its movem5ts :at =mul are = !         
ma!matician4  ,develop$ out ( _m        
movem5ts !y become a complete symbol = !
 rhy?m express$ by ! s]ies ( movem5ts 9 
"q4 ,?us ! pupil :o kn[s h[ to m>* 9 "t 
to a giv5 rhy?m has only to close 8 eyes
 & recall a cle> image ( ! correspond+  
movem5ts to exp]i5ce ! rhy?m z cle>ly z 
if he 7 express+ x by m>*+4 ,he simply  
cont9ues to p]=m ! movem5ts m5tally4    
,if1 h[ev]1 8 movem5ts :5 actually      
realiz+ ! rhy?m are weak or confus$1 !  
correspond+ m5tal images w be vague or  
incorrect1 :il/ movem5ts :i* are        
dynamically cle> gu>antee ! accuracy ( !
 correspond+ m5tal images &             
n]ve-impulses4  ,9 practice ! ex]cise   
consi/s 9 fir/ ma/]+ a rhy?m play$1 m>*+
 & beat+ "t 9 ! usual mann]1 !n at hopp 
discont9u+ all movem5t1 ei!r = a numb] (
 b>s previ\sly agre$ ^u or until !      
signal to resume is giv5 by a second    
hopp4 ,9 ?is ex]cise ! tea*] ceases to  

play at ! fir/ hopp4      ,sid5ote3     
,,analysis ,,& ,,division ,,( ,,"t      
,,values  ,! ex]cises ( ?is gr\p are    
design$ to tea* h[ to subdivide units ( 
"t into p>ts ( v>y+ numb]4 ,at hopp !   
crot*et mu/ be divid$ into quav]s1      
triplets1 semiquav]s1 etc41 z may h be5 
previ\sly arrang$1 or in/ead ( hopp !   
tea*] may call ?ree1 f\r1 etc41 to      
indicate ! subdivision :i* is to be     
express$ by ! correspond+ numb] ( /eps4 
,ap>t f _! direct object1 ! ex]cises (  
?is gr\p are ( value = ! tra9+ :i* !y   
give 9 poise2 !y might be class$ equally
 well ) ! gr\p "u ,developm5t ( ,m5tal  
,response4  ,"h1 too1 belong ex]cises 9 
! realization ( syncopation 9 :i*1 z !  
note is repres5t$ by ! usual /ep1 x     
comes (f ! beat1 ! latt] be+ indicat$ by
 a knee-b5d :i*1 9 quick "t1 becomes a  
m]e sugge/ion ( movem5t or is omitt$1   
e4g41 ,music  ,^! ex]cises 9 syncopation
 are p]haps "s ( ! mo/ difficult 9 !    
me?od1 z !y dem& an extraord9>y control 
( inhibition4 ,individuals ( musical    

ability (t5 f9d !m difficult at fir/1 & 
_! easy p]=mance may be tak5 z evid5ce (
 a develop$ feel+ = rhy?m4 ,z a rule    
*ildr5 f9d ^! ex]cises easi] ?an d      
adults4      ,illu/ration3 ,beat+ #e_/d 
9 canon )\t     expression4             
,illu/ration3 ,beat+ #e_/d 9 canon )    
expression4      ,sid5ote3 ,,realization
 ,,( ,,"t ,,& ,,rhy?m  ,! object "h is  
to express by rhy?mic movem5ts & )\t    
hesitation rhy?ms p]ceiv$ by ! e>4 ,!   
exactness ( su* expression w be 9       
proportion to ! numb] ( movem5ts ( :i* !
 pupil has acquir$ automatic control4   
,!re is n "t to analyse ! music he>d2 ! 
body mu/ realize be=e ! m9d has a cle>  
impression ( ! movem5t image1 j z 9     
read+1 words are und]/ood & pron\nc$ )\t
 a cle> m5tal image ( !m be+ =m$4  ,:5 !
 realization ( a rhy?m he>d has become  
relatively easy1 ! pupil is taught to   
conc5trate1 by li/5+ to1 & =m+ a m5tal  
image (1 a fre% rhy?m :ile /ill p]=m+ ! 
old "o4 ,9 ?is mann] he obta9s facility 
9 r5d]+ automatic1 gr\ps ( movem5ts     

rhy?mically arrang$1 & 9 keep+ ! m9d    
free to take a fre% impression :i* 9 its
 turn c be r5d]$ automatic4  ,"h aga9 ! 
process is analag\s to t ( read+1 9 :i*1
 :ile we are grasp+ ! mean+ ( a s5t5ce1 
! eye is already deal+ ) ! next1 prep>+ 
x 9 turn = compreh5sion4      ,sid5ote3 
,,developm5t ,,( ,,indep5d5t ,,control  
,,( ,,! ,,limbs  ,*>act]i/ic ex]cises ( 
?is gr\p are3 beat+ ! same "t ) bo? arms
 b 9 canon1 beat+ two diff]5t tempi ) ! 
arms :ile ! feet m>* to "o or o!r or    
p]haps m>* to yet a ?ird "t1 e4g41 !    
arms #c_/d & #d_/d1 ! feet #e_/d4 ,!re  
are1 also1 ex]cises 9 ! analysis ( a    
giv5 "t unit into v>i\s fractions       
simultane\sly1 e4g41 9 a #f_/h b> "o arm
 may beat ?ree to ! b>1 ! o!r arm two1  
:ile ! feet m>* six4      ,sid5ote3     
,,d\ble ,,or ,,triple ,,developm5t ,,(  
,,rhy?ms  ,^! ex]cises are a physical   
prep>ation = :at is kn[n 9 music z !    
developm5t ( a !me4 ,:ile ! compos]s (  
fugues always use a d\ble or quadruple  
developm5t1 ! me?od introduces an       

entirely fre% elem5t--! triple          
developm5t1 ex]cises 9 :i* are difficult
 b extremely valuable4      ,sid5ote3   
,,pla/ic ,,c\nt]po9t ,,& ,,comp\nd      
,,rhy?ms  ,9 pla/ic c\nt]po9t ! arms    
realize ! !me1 i4e41 make z _m movem5ts 
z !re are notes1 :il/ ! feet m>k !      
c\nt]po9t 9 crot*ets1 quav]s1 triplets  
or semiquav]s4  ,a comp\nd rhy?m may be 
realiz$ by ! arms tak+ "o rhy?m1 ! feet 
ano!r2 or ! rhy?ms ( a ?ree "p canon may
 be express$ by simultane\s s++1 beat+ )
 ! arms & m>*+4  ,^! ex]cises correspond
 9 ! sph]e ( physical expression to !   
te*nical ex]cises ( in/rum5tal "w1 = !y 
tea* ! pupil to express simultane\sly   
impressions ( ! mo/ v>y+ nature4        
,sid5ote3 ,,gradation ,,( ,,muscul>     
,,ef=t4 ,,pa!tic     ,,acc5t4 ,,pla/ic  
,,expression  ,! ex]cises already dealt 
) h all ! g5]al purpose ( develop+ feel+
 = rhy?m by giv+ tra9+ 9 ! physical     
expression ( rhy?ms4 ,^? 9 ?is la/ gr\p 
aim at facility 9 mak+ cresc5dos &      
decresc5dos ( inn]vation1 9 pass+ f "o  

%ade ( expression to ano!r1 9 co-ord9at+
 movem5ts1 n only to ! rhy?m ( ! music  
play$1 b also to its feel+2 !y all[ free
 play to individuality1 to temp]am5t1 & 
give opportunity = t free               
self-expression = :i* ! prec$+ ex]cises 
h provid$ facility4  ,,p]cy ,b4 ,,+ham4 
,,lessons ,,at ,,hell]au   ,monsieur    
,jaques-,dalcroze's lessons are full (  
vitality & ent]ta9m5t1 comb9$ ) ! s]i\s 
"w 9 h&4 ,no slack+ is possible4 ,he w  
p]haps op5 a rhy?mic gymna/ic lesson by 
play+ a vigor\s !me ( "o or two b>s 9 a 
rhy?m su* z ! foll[+3--  ,music  :i*1 z 
soon z x is grasp$ by ! pupils1 !y beg9 
to realize1#a t is1 to m>k ! tempo ) !  
arms1 & to move ! feet accord+ to !     
notes4 ,a note :i* conta9s m ?an "o     
beat--= in/ance1 ! m9im 9 ! fir/ b>--is 
%[n by tak+ "o /ep =w>d = ! fir/ beat & 
by a slight b5d ( ! knee = ! second     
beat4 ,! next two cro*ets are repres5t$ 
by "o /ep = ea*4 ,a /ep is also tak5 =  
ea* quav]1 b twice z quickly2 = ! dott$ 
cro*et1 a /ep & a slight spr+ be=e ! la/

 quav]--all ?is :ile ! arms are beat+ a 
/eady f\r4 ,aft] a %ort practice ( ^!   
two b>s1 ! ma/] w glide into yet ano!r  
rhy?m1 ! pupils /ill realiz+ ! fir/ "o1 
b at ! same "t li/5+ & m5tally regi/]+ !
 "o be+ play$1 s z to be ready on !     
in/ant at ! ^w ( comm&1 :i* is hopp1 to 
*ange to ! new rhy?m4 ,we w suppose x to
 be z foll[s ,music4 ,?is1 x w be       
notic$1 is 9 #c_/d "t4 ,! pupils become 
accu/om$ to dropp+ frequ5tly into v>i\s 
times ) ! greate/ ease4 ,! ?ree b>s w\ld
 !n be realiz$ consecutively1 & ?is     
process w cont9ue until p]haps !re are  
six b>s 9 all4 ,^! mu/ all be s cle> 9 !
 m9ds ( ! pupils1 t at ! ^w ( comm&1 "o 
b>1 or two b>s1 c be omitt$ on ! in/ant1
 or be realiz$ twice z quickly1 or twice
 z sl[ly2 or :at is /ill m complicat$1 !
 arms c beat ! "t twice z sl[ly & ! feet
 m>k ! notes twice z quickly4 ,x seems  
incr$ibly difficult to d at fir/1 b !   
same tra9+ ( ?9k+ to "t occurs 9 e      
lesson1 9 improvisation & solfge1 z well
 z 9 ! rhy?mic gymna/ic lessons1 & s !  

invaluable habits ( conc5trat$ ?9k+1 (  
quick & def9ite action1 & ( control (   
m9d ov] body1 become e/abli%$4      #a  
,see note1 page #da      ,illu/ration3  
,! ,air ,ba?4      ,illu/ration3 ,!     
,college3 ,entrance ,hall4  ,ea* lesson 
is v>i$ to a rem>kable degree2 9 fact1  
,monsieur ,jaques-,dalcroze seldom      
repeats himself4 ,e day he has new      
ideas1 consi/+ ( new movem5ts1 or ( new 
uses = old ones1 s t !re is nev] a dull 
mom5t4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t !   
alphabet & gramm> ( ! movem5ts rema9 !  
same1 x is ! comb9ations ( !m t are     
limitless4 ,! music is1 ( c\rse1 always 
improvis$4  ,a ^w %\ld be said on !     
subject ( feel+ two diff]5t rhy?ms at ! 
same "t4 ,e tea*] kn[s ! difficulty     
*ildr5 h 9 play+ ?ree notes aga9/ f\r on
 ! piano4 ,! ,hell]au *ildr5 c ) ease   
beat f\r ) "o arm & ?ree ) ! o!r1 or    
beat ?ree ) ! arms & two or f\r ) !     
feet1 or vice v]sa4 ,& ?is is n le>nt 9 
any me*anical way2 ! p[] = feel+ two    
rhy?ms simultane\sly is develop$4       

,advanc$ pupils c realize ?ree rhy?ms at
 ! same "t4 ,!y w p]haps m>k "o ) !     
arms1 ano!r ) ! feet1 & s+ yet a ?ird4  
,ano!r "p ( ! "w is to tea* ! pupils to 
express ! type ( music t is be+ play$2  
?is is te*nically kn[n z ,pla/ic        
expression4 ,! alphabet ( ?is consi/s ( 
tw5ty ge/ures ) ! arms1 :i* c be done 9 
_m v>i\s comb9ations & 9 v>i\s          
positions1 & by means ( ^! any k9d (    
emotion c be express$4 ,p]haps ! music w
 beg9 by be+ solemn & gr&1 becom+ ev5   
tragic1 & gradually ! tones & melody w  
rise to *e]fulness1 ! rhy?m w become m  
animat$ & ! tone swell out aga9 until a 
p]fect ec/asy ( joy is rea*$--& all !   
:ile ! figures ( ! pupils are h>monis+  
absolutely ) ! music1 tra9$ z !y are to 
li/5 accurately to e note1 e acc5t1 e   
*ange ( key &1 above all1 e rhy?m4 ,to !
 wat*] su* an ex]cise is effective &    
/rik+ 9 ! highe/ degree4  ,realiz+      
syncopat$ passages is a f9e ex]cise =   
develop+ indep5d5ce ( movem5t 9 ! arms &
 feet1 z ! feet move 9 betwe5 ! beats ( 

! arms4 ,let any "o try to realize a    
simple measure 9 syncopation4 ,=        
in/ance1 take a b> ( #d_/d "t ,music4 ,!
 fir/ beat ( ! arms & ! fir/ /ep w come 
toge!r1 ! second beat ( ! arms w come   
half-way betwe5 ! second & ?ird /eps1 ! 
?ird beat half-way betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? 
/eps1 & ! f\r? beat half-way betwe5 !   
f\r? & fif? /eps1 & ?is %\ld be done )  
no contraction ( muscle or appe>ance (  
ef=t4  ,o!r ex]cises consi/ ( beat+     
v>i\s times 9 canon1 t is1 "o arm beg9n+
 "o beat lat] ?an ! o!r2 ( beat+ diff]5t
 times ) ea* arm1 p]haps sev5 ) "o arm &
 ?ree ) ! o!r2 ( m>*+ to "o rhy?m &     
beat+ "t to ano!r2 ( simple m>*+ & at ! 
^w ( comm& tak+ "o /ep backw>d1 & !n    
=w>d aga92 ( m>*+ ! c\nt]po9t ( a rhy?m4
 ,= in/ance1 if ! rhy?m play$ be ,music 
! c\nt]po9t 9 cro*ets w\ld be ,music1 or
 if x is to be 9 quav]s x w\ld be       
,music4 ,! c\nt]po9t c be fill$ 9 )     
triplets1 semiquav]s1 or ) notes ( any  
o!r value4  ,ano!r good ex]cise is to   
take a simple rhy?m & at ! ^w ( comm&   

realize x twice or ?ree times z quickly 
or z sl[ly1 ! arms /ill beat+ 9 ! fir/  
tempo4 ,a simple example w make ?is     
cle>4 ,music twice z quickly w\ld become
 ,music4  ,! pupils are (t5 ask$ to li/5
 to :at is play$ & !n to realize x4 ,x  
may be a s]ies ( f\r b>s1 ea* "o 9 a    
diff]5t tempo1 & all times are employ$1 
includ+ #e_/d1 #g_/d1 #i_/c & o!rs :i*  
are some:at exceptional4 ,& s on ad     
inf9itum4  ,f ^! sugge/ions some?+ ( !  
endless v>iety ( ex]cises t may be      
devis$ c probably n[ be imag9$4  ,z soon
 z movem5ts become automatic !y are us$ 
z units = build+ up m elaborate         
movem5ts1 & no "t is wa/$ 9 do+ m]ely   
me*anical ex]cises4 ,9 e detail ( !     
me?od ! bra9 is call$ into con/ant      
activity1 &1 le/ any "o %\ld ?9k t x    
w\ld be easy = "o pupil to copy ano!r 9 
do+ ! ex]cises1 x %\ld be /at$ t1 if su*
 a ?+ 7 attempt$1 x w\ld end 9 ! pupil  
becom+ hopelessly confus$1 = if ! m9d   
once loses hold ( ! "w 9 process x is v 
difficult to pick x up aga94  ,! solfge 

lessons are *iefly = e>-tra9+ &         
practical h>mony4 ,9 ! elem5t>y classes 
x is %[n h[ scales & *ords are =m$1 &   
:]e ! tones & semitones occur4 ,! pupils
 soon become able to tell1 :5 ?ree      
consecutive notes f any scale are play$1
 :at degrees ( ! scale !y are1 or may   
be4 ,scales are sung always beg9n+ on ,c
 = e key & always to a rhy?m4 ,"h1 aga91
 ! pupils h to ?9k to "t1 = 9 ! second  
scale1 :i* w\ld be t ( ,f1 if ! flat    
scales 7 be+ sung1 !y h to rememb] t !y 
are />t+ on ! fif? note ( ! scale1 & t !
 int]val betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? notes ( ! 
scale is a semitone2 t ! ?ird & f\r?    
degrees 9 ! key ( ,f are ,a & ,b1 &     
!re=e ! ,b has to be flatt5$ 9 ?is      
scale1 ! o!r notes rema9+ ! same4 ,!    
:ole cycle ( scales is sung 9 ?is mann]1
 ea* "o comm5c+ on ,c1 or on ,c flat :5 
necess>y4 ,! pupils are also practis$ 9 
li/5+ to a scale play$ & !n say+ 9 :i*  
key x is1 judg+ x by ! fall ( !         
semitones4      ,illu/ration3 ,class    
,rooms4      ,illu/ration3 ,! ,college3 

,int]iors4  ,*ords are sung analytically
 & 9 *orus1 ) _! resolutions :5 ne$$1 & 
?is is foll[$ by practice 9 he>+ & nam+ 
*ords4  ,sight s++ & transposition are  
by no means neglect$1 & !re is practice 
9 s++ int]vals1 9 s++ a piece once or   
twice ?r\gh & !n f memory1 or 9 ano!r   
key1 :i* is n s easy to d :5 ! fix$ ,d  
is us$4 ,& always1 :atev] is be+ done1 !
 pupils h to be prep>$ = ! ^w hopp1 to  
make any *ange :i* has be5 previ\sly    
agre$ on1 e4g41 to s+ on ! in/ant 9 a   
key a semitone l[]1 or to s+ 9 ?\ght    
only until ! next hopp1 :5 !y s+ al\d   
aga94 ,9 ^! ex]cises1 z 9 ^? ( ! rhy?mic
 gymna/ics1 !re is no end ( ! v>iety (  
comb9ation possible4 ,!re is also       
opportunity = practice 9 conduct+1 & v  
int]e/+ x is1 9 a *ildr5's class1 to    
note ) :at assurance a small girl (     
p]haps sev5 or eight w beat "t = ! o!rs 
to s+ "o ( _! songs1 & also to note !   
v>i\s r5d]+s ea* conductor w obta9 ( !  
same piece4  ,! improvisation on ! piano
 is p]haps ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! sy/em 

to ma/]4 ,x may n be realiz$ by all p t 
e "o c be taught to play orig9al music4 
,!re are cases 9 :i* ! pupil is n       
naturally musical1 & has _h no previ\s k
 ( piano play+1 b has le>nt to improvise
 suffici5tly well to give a good lesson 
9 rhy?mic gymna/ics1 :i* means no small 
degree ( ability4 ,?is tra9+ is begun by
 mak+ use ( ! simple/1 i4e41 ! common1  
*ords1 & :5 ^! are kn[n 9 e key1 includ+
 ^? on ! dom9ant1 ! pupil is expect$ to 
improvise a %ort piece ( eight b>s1 !   
*ief feature to be att5d$ to be+ !      
rhy?m1 :i* has to be def9ite & play$ )\t
 hesitation4 ,:5 p]fect famili>ity is   
obta9$ ) ! common *ord ( ea* key & ) t (
 its dom9ant1 ano!r *ord is le>nt1 t on 
! sub-dom9ant4 ,) ^! ?ree *ords alone q 
*>m+ little pieces c be play$1 &        
gradually 9 ?is mann] ! pupil has at 8  
comm& pass+ notes1 appoggiaturas1       
cad5ces1 & an unlimit$ numb] ( *ords &  
sequ5ces4 ,!n come ! rules = modulat+ f 
"o key to ano!r1 & equal facility 9 all 
keys is insi/$ on4 ,monsieur            

,jaques-,dalcroze's pupils le>n to      
improvise ) def9ite ?\ght & mean+1 no?+ 
unrhy?mical is ev] all[$1 nor any       
aimless me&]+ ov] ! keybo>d4 ,= ^!      
lessons ! pupils are divid$ into small  
gr\ps ( n m ?an six 9 ea*1 & twice a    
week ^! gr\ps are tak5 altoge!r by      
,monsieur ,jaques-,dalcroze4  ,all      
bran*es ( ! "w dem& p]fect conc5tration 
( ?\ght & att5tion1 & su* invaluable    
m5tal tra9+ _c be too highly priz$1 = x 
is fundam5tal to success 9 "w ( any k9d1
 :atev] x may be4  ,,e!l ,,+ham4        
,illu/ration3 ,! ,ho/el3 ,int]iors4     
,,life ,,at ,,hell]au   ,surely nev]    
be=e has ! _w held bett] opportunities =
 /udy+ & lov+ ! beautiful & true4 ,"o   
ne$ be b a few days 9 ,hell]au 9 ord] to
 see "s ( ! _m advantages :i* a /ay !re 
has to (f]4 ,= "y m5 & wom5 se>*+ = a   
pr(ession 9 life2 = ^? fre% f s*ool :ile
 wait+ to discov] _! natural b5t2 =     
adults :o seek a *ange f _! ord9>y      
surr\nd+s & :o wi% to improve 9 culture 
& 9 heal?2 = musicians & /ud5ts 9 art1 =

 tea*]s ( danc+1 & = *ildr5 ( all ages1 
a c\rse ( /udy at ! ,college 9 ,hell]au 
conta9s advantages & opportunities :i*  
seem to exi/ 9 no o!r educational       
in/itution4  ,= ! conv5i5ce ( "y girls  
!re is a hall ( resid5ce1 :i* w         
accommodate ab\t =ty-six /ud5ts1 ! head 
( :i* is a cultur$ ,engli% lady ( wide  
exp]i5ce4 ,!re are also _m small h\ses  
on adjo9+ l&1 9 :i* ! male /ud5ts & ^?  
:o are old] c live4 ,^! may1 & z a rule 
d1 come to ! ,ho/el = meals4  ,! home   
life 9 ! ,ho/el is a *e]ful "o4 ,!      
b$rooms are bright1 conta9+ j ! necess>y
 furniture1 :i* ( c\rse includes a      
piano4 ,!re is a l>ge & *>m+ly furni%$  
room op5+ f ! hall1 kn[n z ! ,diele1 :i*
 s]ves z a g5]al sitt+-room = ! /ud5ts4 
,! d9+-room is equally delightful1 & c  
be quickly conv]t$ into a ball-room =   
impromptu dances1 or adapt$ = o!r       
ent]ta9m5ts4 ,!re is also a libr>y2 &   
?r\gh\t ! :ole h\se ! same good ta/e is 
display$4 ,lead+ f ! d9+-room is a l>ge 
t]race1 ) /eps d[n into an attractive   

g>d54  ,! day comm5ces ) ! s\nd+ ( a    
gong at sev5 o'clock2 ! h\se is         
imm$iately alive1 & "s are (f to !      
,college = a ,sw$i% gymna/ic lesson be=e
 breakfa/1 o!rs breakfa/ at half-pa/    
sev5 & h _! lesson lat]4 ,!re is always 
a half h\r ( ord9>y gymna/ics to beg9 )4
 ,!n !re w be a lesson 9 ,solfge1 "o 9  
,rhy?mic ,gymna/ics1 & "o 9             
,improvisation1 ea* la/+ = fifty m9utes1
 ) an int]val ( t5 m9utes betwe5 ea*    
lesson4  ,d9n]1 :i* is at a qu>t]-pa/   
"o1 is foll[$ by an h\r = re/2 & at ?ree
 ! en]getic p beg9 practis+4 ,!         
aft]noons are usually free1 except twice
 a week1 :5 !re are lessons 9 ,pla/ic & 
danc+ f f\r till six1 be=e :i* tea is   
s]v$1 or !re may be extra lessons 9     
rhy?mic gymna/ics = small gr\ps ( pupils
 :o ne$ fur!r help1 & /ud5ts may obta9 !
 use ( a room = private practice toge!r4
 ,9 ! aft]noons1 too1 !re is "t &       
opportunity = any o!r extra /udy or     
lessons :i* are n includ$ 9 ! ord9>y    
c\rse1 su* z viol91 solo s++1 draw+ or  

pa9t+4 ,mo/ ( ! /ud5ts soon acquire wide
 int]e/s1 if !y d n h !m :5 !y fir/     
come4 ,free aft]noons may be sp5t 9     
visit+ ! gall]ies & %ops ( ,dresd54     
,:5ev] !re is any?+ especially good 9 ! 
way ( a conc]t1 or an op]a or a         
classical play1 !re is always a p>ty (  
en?usia/s go+ into t[n = x4 ,! op]a 9   
,dresd51 z 9 o!r p>ts ( ,g]many1        
=tunately beg9s & ends e>ly4 ,late h\rs 
are n enc\rag$ at ! ,ho/el--inde$1      
ev]ybody is glad to retire e>ly1 = ! "w 
is absorb+ & dem&s pl5ty ( en]gy1       
especially if ! full tea*]s' c\rse be   
tak51 ) ! hope ( a diploma at ! end (   
two ye>s4      ,illu/ration3 ,! ,ho/el4 
,supp] is s]v$ at a qu>t]-pa/ sev51 & on
 two ev5+s a week ^? :o wi% to jo9 !    
or*e/ral or *oral societies h ! pleasure
 ( meet+ toge!r & practis+ "u !         
direction ( ,monsieur ,jaques-,dalcroze4
  ,an atmosph]e ( en?usiasm & good-w    
p]meates ! social life4 ,no community ( 
! k9d c\ld h a m delightful _s ( unity  
?an t :i* p]vades ! ,jaques-,dalcroze   

,s*ool4 ,all /ud5ts are ke5 & anxi\s to 
live z full a life z possible1 e "o w   
will+ly & unselfi%ly take "t & tr\ble to
 help o!rs :o "k less ?an !mselves4 ,!  
,college has a unity born ( k9dr$       
int]e/s1 & e "o gl[s ) admiration &     
e/eem = ! g5ius at ! head1 & = 8        
wond]ful me?od1 :il/ he himself simply  
radiates good-w & en?usiasm1 & works    
h>d] ?an any "o else 9 ! place4 ,he     
makes a po9t ( kn[+ ea* "o ( 8 pupils   
p]sonally1 & rem>kably quick he is 9    
summ+ up ! v>i\s temp]am5ts & *>act]s ( 
^? ) :om he comes into contact4  ,!     
moral & m5tal tone ( ! ,college is pure 
& beautiful1 inde$ x c\ld n well be     
o!rwise1 = ! "w 9 itself is an          
inspiration4 ,a *ange is (t5 obs]vable 9
 pupils aft] !y h be5 b a few weeks 9   
resid5ce1 a *ange :i* tells ( m al]tness
 ( m9d1 ( m animat$ purpose1 & ev5 (    
high] ideals & aims 9 life4             
,illu/ration3 ,dresd5 f ,hell]au4  ,!re 
are opportunities = ! practice ( _m     
languages1 = x is a cosmopolitan c5tre4 

,ne>ly all ,european nationalities are  
repres5t$1 b z yet ! numb] ( ,engli% p  
is n l>ge4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w n long rema9  
s1 = ! ,jaques-,dalcroze me?od ne$s only
 to be kn[n 9 ord] to be z widely       
appreciat$ 9 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$  
,/ates z x is on ! ,cont95t4  ,! lessons
 are giv5 9 ,g]man1 ?\gh occasionally   
,fr5* is us$ to make cle> any?+ t is n q
 und]/ood 9 ! =m] tongue4 ,engli% p :o d
 n "k ei!r ( ^! languages ne$ n look ^u 
?is z an ob/acle1 = "o quickly arrives  
at und]/&+ suffici5tly well to ga9 !    
b5efit f ! lessons1 & !re is always "s  
"o 9 ! classes :o w int]pret :5         
necess>y4  ,! ,college itself is a f9e  
example ( ! value ( simplicity & space 9
 ar*itecture4 ,bo? )\t & )91 ! block (  
build+s is impressive1 ?is effect be+   
ga9$ by an extreme simplicity (         
decoration4 ,! mo/ mod]n me?ods ( heat+ 
& v5tilat+ are provid$1 & !re are l>ge  
sun & air ba?s4  ,complet$ 9 ! spr+ (   
?is ye>1 & ) accommodation = five hundr$
 /ud5ts1 ! settlem5t /&s on high gr\nd  

ab\t f\r miles f ,dresd51 9 an op51     
brac+1 heal?y spot1 ) *>m+ walks 9 all  
directions4 ,! views are ext5sive2 to ! 
s\? lie ! ,erzgebirge1 to ! s\?-ea/     
,saxon ,switz]l&1 &1 9 a dip ( ! ne>]   
hills1 ,dresd54  ,,e!l ,,+ham4     ,,!  
,,value ,,( ,,eurhy?mics ,,to ,,art     
,"o ( ! mo/ m>k$ t5d5cies ( mod]n       
ae/hetic !ory is to break d[n ! b>ri]s t
 conv5tion has erect$ betwe5 ! v>i\s    
arts4 ,! tru? is com+ to be realiz$ t ! 
ess5tial factor ( poetry1 pa9t+1        
sculpture1 ar*itecture & music is really
 ( ! same quality1 & t "o art does n    
diff] f ano!r 9 any?+ b ! me?od ( its   
expression & ! conditions connect$ ) t  
me?od4  ,?is common basis to ! arts is m
 easily admitt$ ?an def9$1 b "o         
important elem5t 9 x--p]haps ! only     
elem5t t c be giv5 a "n--is rhy?m4      
,rhy?m ( bodily movem5t1 ! dance1 is !  
e>lie/ =m ( arti/ic expression kn[n4 ,x 
is accompani$ 9 ne>ly e case ) rude     
music1 ! object be+ to emphasize ! beat 
& rhy?mic movem5t ) s\nd4 ,! quickness )

 :i* *ildr5 respond to simple repetition
 ( beat1 translat+ ! rhy?m ( ! music    
into movem5t1 is m]ely recurr5ce (      
hi/orical developm5t4  ,words ) ! music 
soon foll[1 & f ^! beg9n+s--probably    
w>-songs or religi\s *ants--come        
song-poems & ultimately poetry z we "k x
 to-day4 ,! /ill m mod]n developm5t (   
prose-writ+1 9 ! /yli/ic s5se1 is m]ely 
a /ep fur!r4  ,! developm5t on ! o!r    
side foll[s a some:at simil> l9e4 ,!    
rhy?m ( ! danc+ figure is reproduc$ 9   
rude sculpture & bas-relief1 & !n 9     
pa9t+4      ,illu/ration3 ,a ,pla/ic    
,ex]cise4  ,s we h1 z x 71 a scale ( !  
arts1 ) music at its c5tre & prose-writ+
 & pa9t+ at its two extremes4 ,f end to 
end ( ! scale runs ! unify+ desire =    
rhy?m4#a      #a ,= valuable help 9 ^!  
ideas ,i am indebt$ to     ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 
,h>vey4 ,i %\ld l to quote v]batim "o or
     two rem>ks ( 8 on ! subject1 tak5 f
 a rec5t     lett]3 ,human motion gives 
! conv]g5ce ( "t     7inn] s5se7 & space
 7out] s5se71 ! _s &     ! body4 ,"t1   

:i* we are 9 our inn] selves1 is     m  
dissociable f u ?an space1 :i* only our 
bodies h2 ! "o 7"t7 c be int]pret$      
emotionally & directly by a "t-s5se2 !  
o!r     7space7 symbolically1 by a      
space-s5se1 :i* is     sight4  ,to speak
 ( ! rhy?m ( pa9t+ may seem fanciful1 b 
,i ?9k t is only lack ( famili>ity4 ,!  
expression is us$ "h ) no int5tion (    
metaphor4 ,great pictures h a v m>k$ &  
real rhy?m1 ( col\r1 ( l9e1 ( feel+4 ,! 
be/ prose-writ+ has equally a di/9ct    
rhy?m4  ,!re 0 nev] an age 9 ! hi/ory ( 
art :5 rhy?m play$ a m important "p ?an 
x does to-day4 ,! tea*+ ( ,m4 ,dalcroze 
at ,hell]au is a brilliant expression ( 
! mod]n desire = rhy?m 9 its mo/        
fundam5tal =m--t ( bodily movem5t4 ,its 
nature & orig9 h be5 describ$ else:]e2 x
 is = me to try & sugge/ ! possibilities
 ( its influ5ce on e o!r art1 & on !    
:ole ( life4  ,let x be cle>ly und]/ood 
f ! fir/ t ! rhy?mic tra9+ at ,hell]au  
has an importance f> deep] & m ext5d$   
?an is conta9$ 9 its imm$iate arti/ic   

beauty1 its excell5ce z a purely musical
 tra9+1 or its value to physical        
developm5t4 ,?is is n a d5ial ( its     
importance 9 ^! ?ree respects4 ,! beauty
 ( ! classes is amaz+2 ! actor1 z well z
 ! design] ( /age-effects1 w come to    
?ank ,m4 ,dalcroze = ! greate/          
contribution to _! art t any age c %[4  
,he has recreat$ ! human body z a       
decorative unit4 ,he has %[n h[ m51 wom5
 & *ildr5 c gr\p !mselves & c be gr\p$ 9
 designs z lovely z any pa9t$ design1 ) 
! add$ *>m ( movem5t4 ,he has taught    
individuals _! own p[] ( graci\s motion 
& attitude4 ,musically & physically !   
results are equally wond]ful4 ,b ! tra9+
 is m ?an a m]e musical education2 x is 
also emphatically m ?an gymna/ics4      
,p]haps 9 ! /ress laid on individuality 
may be se5 mo/ easily ! possibilities ( 
! sy/em4 ,p]sonal ef=t is look$ = 9 e   
pupil4 ,j z ! le>n] ( music mu/ h !     
opportunity ( express+ 8 own musical    
impressions ) ! te*nical means :i* are  
taught him1#a s ! pupil at ,hell]au mu/ 

come to improvise f ! rhy?mic s5se      
innate 9 him1 rhy?ms ( 8 own4#b      #a 
,cf4 supra1 p4 #bh4      #b ,a good     
example ( ! f]tility & v>iety ( !       
individual ef=t obta9$ at ,hell]au 0 se5
 at !     ,auffhrung giv5 on ,decemb]   
#aa1 #aiaa4 ,two pupils     und]took to 
realize a ,prelude ( ,*op91 _! *oice    
fall+ by *ance on ! same ,prelude4 ,b   
h>dly a     movem5t ( ! two             
int]pretations 0 ! same4 ,!     fir/    
girl lay on ! gr\nd ! :ole "t1 h] head  
on h] arm1 express+ 9 g5tle movem5ts (  
head1     h&s & feet1 h] idea ( ! music4
 ,at "o po9t     ne> ! end1 ) ! ris+    
passion ( ! music1 %e     rais$ h]self  
on to h] knees2 !n sank d[n aga9 to     
h] full l5g?4      ,! second p]=m] /ood 
upright until ! v end4     ,at ! mo/    
int5se mom5t h] arms 7 /ret*$     above 
h] head2 at ! close ( ! music %e 0 b[$  
to ! gr\nd1 9 an attitude expressive ( !
 utmo/     grief4 ,9 su* widely diff]5t 
ways did ! same piece     ( music speak 
to ! individualities ( ^! two     girls4

  ,to take a joy 9 ! beauty ( ! body1 to
 tra9 8 m9d to move graci\sly &         
h>moni\sly bo? 9 itself & 9 relation to 
^? ar\nd him1 f9ally1 to make 8 :ole    
life rhy?mic--su* an ideal is n only    
possible b almo/ inevitable to ! pupil  
at ,hell]au4 ,! ke5ness :i* possesses ! 
:ole ,college1 ! delight ( e "o 9 _! "w1
 _! comrade%ip1 _! lack (               
self-consci\sness1 _! clean s5se ( !    
beauty ( natural =m1 promises a new & m 
h>moni\s race1 almo/ a realization (    
,r\sseau's ideal1 & ) x an era ( truly  
rhy?mic arti/ic production4  ,t ! soil  
is ready = ! new se$ may be %[n by a    
mom5t's consid]ation ( :at ,i consid] to
 be a p>allel developm5t 9 pa9t+4 ,!re  
is 9 ,muni* a gr\p ( arti/s :o call     
!mselves ,d] ,blaue ,reit]4 ,!y are l$  
by a ,russian1 ,wassily ,k&9sky1 & a    
,g]man1 ,franz ,m>c1 & x is ( ,k&9sky's 
art t ,i propose to speak4 ,k&9sky is t 
r>e comb9ation1 an arti/ :o c express   
himself 9 bo? words & pa9t4 ,8 book--b] 
das ,gei/ige 9 d] ,kun/#a--;is an       

int]e/+ & subtle piece ( ae/hetic       
philosophy4 ,8 pa9t+ is a realization ( 
! attempt to pa9t music4 ,he has isolat$
 ! emotion caus$ by l9e & col\r f !     
ext]nal association ( idea4 ,all =m 9 ! 
ord9>y repres5tative s5se is elim9at$4  
,b =m !re is 9 ! deep] s5se1 ! %apes &  
rhy?ms ( ! inn]] ,notw5digkeit1 & ) x1  
haunt+1 h>moni\s col\r4 ,to rev]t to a  
=m] metaphor1 pa9t+ has be5 br\ght into 
! c5tre ( ! scale4 ,z ,k&9sky says 9 8  
book3 ,%ades ( col\r1 l %ades ( s\nd1   
are ( a mu* subtl] nature1 cause mu*    
subtl] vibrations ( ! _s ?an c ev] be   
giv5 by words4 ,x is to a*ieve ?is f9]  
utt]ance1 to e/abli% a sur] & m         
expressive connexion betwe5 _s & _s1 t  
,k&9sky is /riv+4 ,8 pictures are       
visions1 beautiful ab/ractions ( col\r &
 l9e :i* he has liv$ himself1 deep d[n 9
 8 inmo/ s\l4 ,he is int5sely           
individual1 z are all true my/ics2 at ! 
same "t ! _s ( 8 "w is univ]sal4      #a
 b] das ,gei/ige 9 d] ,kun/4 ,pip]      
,v]lag1     ,mn*51 #c ,m>ks4 ,see also  

vol4 i4 ( d] ,blaue     ,reit]4 ,pip]   
,v]lag1 #aj ,m>ks4  ,9 ?is1 !n1 z 9 s   
mu* else1 ,k&9sky & ,dalcroze are       
advanc+ side by side4 ,!y are lead+ !   
way to ! true/ art1 & ultimately to !   
true/ life ( all1 :i* is a syn!sis ( !  
collective arts & emotions ( all        
nations1 :i* is1 at ! same "t1 bas$ on  
individuality1 because x repres5ts !    
inn] be+ ( ea* "o ( its devotees4       
,,mi*ael ,t4 ,h4 ,,sadl]4   ,pr9t$ by   
,,butl]  ,,tann]1 ,frome & ,london4     
,illu/ration3 ,a ,pla/ic ,ex]cise4