file 0 produc$ f images produc$ by ,core
 ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture   
7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7           
,,cul9>y ,,h]bs    ,_! ,cultivation1    
,h>ve/+1 ,cur+ & ,uses     ,by    ,m4   
,g4 ,,ka9s    ,associate ,editor        
,am]ican ,agriculturi/       ,ah1       
,zephyrus6 art "h1 & ,flora too6   ,ye  
t5d] bibb]s ( ! ra9 & dew1   ,"y        
playmates ( ! rose & daffodil1   ,be    
c>eful1 ere ye ent] 91 to fill   ,y\r   
baskets high   ,) f5nel gre51 & balm1 & 
gold5 p9es1   ,savory1 latt]-m9t1 &     
columb9es1   ,cool p>sley1 basil sweet1 
& sunny ?yme2   ,yea1 e fl[] & leaf ( e 
clime1   ,all ga!r'd 9 ! dewy morn3 hie 
,away6 fly1 fly6              --,keats1 
,endymion  ,illu/ration3 ,h]bs &        
,*ildr51 a ,happy ,h>mony       ,,new   
,,york   ,,orange ,,judd ,,company      
,,london   ,,kegan ,,paul1 ,,tr5*1      
,,tr,,bn]  ,,co41 ,limit$   #aiab       
,copyright1 #aiab   ,,orange ,,judd     
,,company   ,all ,rights ,res]v$        
,,ent]$ ,,at ,,/ation]s' ,,hall1        

,,london1 ,,engl&    ,pr9t$ 9 ,u4 ,s4   
,a4          99       99       99       
99       99   ,,preface   ,a small boy  
:o want$ to make a good impression once 
took 8 little swee!>t to an ice cream   
p>lor4 ,aft] he _h va9ly se>*$ ! li/ (  
edibles = some?+ )9 8 means1 he :isp]$  
to ! wait]1 ,say1 ,mi/]1 :at y got t    
looks tony an' ta/es nice = n9ete5 c5ts8
  ,?is is precisely ! pr$icam5t 9 :i* _m
 ?\s& p are today4 ,l ! boy1 !y h sk9ny 
purses1 voraci\s appetites & mighty     
ye>n+s to make ! be/ possible impression
 )9 _! means4 ,p]haps hav+ be5 invit$   
out1 !y le>n by actual demon/ration t ! 
h]bs are cul9>y magicians :i* conv]t    
*eap cuts & scraps into too?some        
da9ties4 ,!y are ?us ar\s$ to ! fact t  
by us+ h]bs !y c af=d to play ho/ &     
ho/ess to a l>g] numb] ( hungry & envi\s
 fri5ds ?an ev] be=e4  ,maybe x is ma9ly
 due to ^! ye>n+s & to ! memories ( "m's
 & gr&mo!r's fam\s di%es t s _m         
inquiries conc]n+ ! propagation1        
cultivation1 cur+ & uses ( cul9>y h]bs  

are ask$ ( au?orities on g>d5+ & cook]y2
 & maybe x is because no "o has really  
lov$ ! h]bs en\gh to publi% a book on ! 
subject4 ,t h]bs are easy to gr[ ,i c   
abundantly atte/1 = ,i h gr[n !m all4 ,i
 c also be> ample witness to ! fact t !y
 r$uce ! co/ ( high liv+1 if by t phrase
 is meant pleas+ ! palate )\t (f5d+ !   
purse4  ,= in/ance1 a few days ago a    
fri5d paid tw5ty c5ts = s\p beef1 & five
 c5ts = s\p gre5s4 ,! addition ( salt1  
pepp] & o!r +r$i5ts br\ght ! initial co/
 up to tw5ty-n9e c5ts4 ,?is made en\gh  
s\p = t5 or twelve lib]al s]v+s4 ,! lean
 meat remov$ f ! s\p 0 m9c$ & mix$ ) n m
 ?an t5 c5ts' wor? ( dic$ potatoes1 /ale
 bread crumbs1 milk1 season+ & h]bs be=e
 be+ bak$ z a supp] di% = five p1 :o by 
_! bl& smiles & scot* plates atte/$ t ! 
vi&s bo? look$ tony & ta/$ nice4  ,i am 
glad to ackn[l$ge my ?anks to ,mr4 ,n4  
,r4 ,graves ( ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 & ,pr(4 
,r4 ,l4 ,watts ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,/ate   
,agricultural ,college1 = ! photographic
 illu/rations1 & to ,mr4 ,b4 ,f4        

,williamson1 ! ,orange ,judd ,co4's     
arti/1 = ! p5 & ink draw+s :i* add s mu*
 to ! value1 attractiv5ess & int]e/ ( ^!
 pages4  ,if ?is book %all in/ill or    
awak5 9 its read]s ! :olesome ?\gh      
cupbo>d love t ! cul9>y h]bs des]ve bo? 
z p]man5t resid5ts ( ! g>d5 & z ma/]s ( 
! kit*51 x w h accompli%$ ! object = :i*
 x 0 writt54                            
,m4 ,g4 ,,ka9s4                         
,new ,york1 #aiab4     ,,cont5ts        
,page    ,preface                       
v    ,a ,d9n] ( ,h]bs                   
#g    ,cul9>y ,h]bs ,def9$              
#aa    ,hi/ory                          
#ab    ,production ( ,new ,v>ieties     
#ae    ,/atus & ,uses                   
#ai    ,notable ,in/ance ( ,uses        
#ba    ,me?ods ( ,cur+                  
#bb    ,dry+ & ,/or+                    
#be    ,h]bs z ,g>ni%es                 
#cj    ,propagation1 ,se$s              
#cb                ,cutt+s              
#cd                ,lay]s               
#cf                ,division            

#cg    ,transplant+                     
#ci    ,implem5ts                       
#da    ,location ( ,h]b ,g>d5           
#dd    ,! ,soil & ,its ,prep>ation      
#de    ,cultivation                     
#dg    ,d\ble ,cropp+                   
#dh    ,h]b ,relation%ips               
#di    ,! ,h]b ,li/3     ,angelica      
#ee     ,anise                          
#ei     ,balm                           
#fc     ,basil                          
#fe     ,borage                         
#ga     ,c>away                         
#gc     ,catnip                         
#gg     ,*]vil                          
#gi     ,*ives                          
#hj     ,cl>y                           
#ha     ,cori&]                         
#hb     ,cum9                           
#hd     ,dill                           
#hg     ,f5nel                          
#hi     ,f9oc*io                        
#ic     ,f5nel ,fl[]                    
#id     ,ho>h\nd                        
#ie     ,hyssop                         

#if     ,lav5d]                         
#ig     ,lovage                         
#ii     ,m>igold                        
#ajj     ,m>joram                       
#aja     ,m9t                           
#aje     ,p>sley                        
#aji     ,p5nyroyal                     
#aai     ,pepp]m9t                      
#aai     ,rosem>y                       
#abj     ,rue                           
#abb     ,sage                          
#abe     ,samphire                      
#abi     ,savory1 ,summ]                
#aca     ,savory1 ,w9t]                 
#acb     ,s\!rnwood                     
#acc     ,tansy                         
#acd     ,t>ragon                       
#acd     ,?yme                          
#acg     ,,illu/rations                 
,page    ,h]bs & ,*ildr51 a ,happy      
,h>mony                                 
,frontispiece    ,spad+ ,=k             
#a    ,b>rel ,culture ( ,h]bs           
#b    ,transplant+ ,bo>d & ,dibble      
#e    ,assortm5t ( ,favorite ,we$]s     

#h    ,popul> ,adju/able ,r[ ,m>k]      
#aj    ,popul> ,spades                  
#ac    ,la? ,scre5 = ,%ad+ ,b$s         
#af    ,h>ve/+ ,?yme ,gr[n on a         
,comm]cial ,scale                       
#ah    ,g>d5 ,hoes ( ,v>i\s ,/yles      
#bj    ,dri$ ,h]bs 9 ,pap] & ,t9        
#bb    ,h]b ,solution ,bottle           
#bd    ,pap] ,sacks ( ,dri$ ,h]bs =     
,home ,use                              
#bf    ,h& ,cultivator & ,sc>ifi]       
#bg    ,flat ( ,se$l+s ,ready to ,be    
,transplant$                            
#cb    ,glass ,cov]$ ,propagat+ ,box    
#cd    ,fl[] ,pot ,propagat+ ,b$        
#ce    ,holt's ,mammo? & ,common ,sage  
#ch    ,m>k] = ,hotb$s & ,cold ,frames  
#ci    ,lead+ ,=ms ( ,tr[els            
#dj    ,wood5 ,dibbles                  
#dc    ,comb9ation ,h& ,pl[             
#de    ,surface ,p>+ ,cultivator        
#dg    ,?9n+ ,s*eme = ,h>ve/+           
#dh    ,c5t] ,r[ ,h& ,cultivator        
#ej    ,h& ,pl[                         
#eb    ,prophecy ( ,_m ,too?some ,di%es 

#ef    ,anise 9 ,fl[] & 9 ,fruit        
#fj    ,sweet ,basil                    
#ff    ,borage1 ,fam\s = ,cool ,tank>d  
#gj    ,c>away = ,comfits & ,bir?day    
,cakes                              #gd 
,catnip1 ,pussy's ,delight              
#gh    ,cori&]1 = ,old-,fa%ion$ ,c&ies  
#hb    ,dill1 ( ,pickle ,fame           
#hf    ,sweet ,f5nel                    
#ij    ,sweet ,m>joram                  
#ajb    ,m9t1 ,be/ ,fri5d ( ,roa/ ,lamb 
#ajf    ,curl$ ,p>sley                  
#aaj    ,rue1 ,s\r ,h]b ( ,grace        
#abd    ,sage1 ,! ,lead+ ,h]b = ,duck & 
,goose ,dress+                 #abf     
,holt's ,mammo? & ,common ,sage ,leaves 
#abi    ,da9ty ,summ] ,savory           
#acj    ,t>ragon1 ,fr5* ,*ef's ,delight 
#ace    ,?yme = ,sausage                
#acg     ,,cul9>y ,,h]bs   ,9 ^! days ( 
jad$ appetites1 condim5ts & cann$ goods1
 h[ fondly we turn f ! dre>y monotony ( 
! da9ty m5u to ! memory ( ! satisfy+    
di%es ( our mo!rs6 ,:at made u1 l ,oliv]
 ,twi/1 ask = m8 ,7 ^? flavors real1 or 

0 x association & natural1 y\?ful hung] 
t entic$ u8 ,c we ev] =get !m2 or1 :at  
is m practical1 c we aga9 realize !m8   
,we may f9d ! secret & ! answ] 9 "m's   
g>d54 ,let's peep 94  ,! g>d51 z 9      
memory we view x1 is n rem>kable except 
= its neatness & p]haps ! mix+ ( fl[]s1 
fruits & vegetables z we nev] see !m    
jumbl$ on ! table4 ,/rawb]ries & onions1
 c>rots & currants1 potatoes & poppies1 
apples & sweet corn & _m o!r z /range   
comrades1 all gr[ toge!r 9 "m's g>d5 9 !
 utmo/ h>mony4  ,illu/ration3 ,spad+ ,=k
  ,all ^! are famili> fri5ds2 b :at are 
^? plants ne> ! kit*58 ,!y are "m's     
sweet h]bs4 ,we h nev] se5 !m on !      
table4 ,!y nev] play$ lead+ roles su* z 
^? ( ! cabbage & ! potato4 ,!y are m]ely
 memb]s ( ! ca/ :i* p]=m$ ! small b     
important p>ts 9 ! production ( ! pleas+
 t\t ensemble--s\p1 /ew1 sauce1 or      
salad--! remembrance ( :i*1 l t ( a     
well-/ag$ & well-act$ drama1 l+]s 9 !   
memory long aft] ! actors are =gott54   
,illu/ration3 ,b>rel ,culture ( ,h]bs   

,probably no cul9>y plants h dur+ ! la/ 
#ej ye>s be5 s neglect$4 ,especially    
dur+ ! ready-to-s]ve food campaign ( !  
clos$ qu>t] c5tury did !y suff] mo/4 ,b 
!y are aga9 com+ into _! own4 ,few      
plants are s easily cultivat$ & prep>$ =
 use4 ,) ! exception ( ! onion1 none may
 be s effectively employ$ & none may s  
completely trans=m ! left-ov] z to tempt
 an o!rwise balky appetite to indulge 9 
a second s]v+ )\t be+ urg$ to p]=m !    
homely duty ( eat+ x to save x4 ,inde$1 
sweet h]bs are1 or %\ld be ! boon ( !   
h\sewife1 s9ce !y make = bo? pleasure & 
economy4 ,! s\p may be made ( ! mo/     
:olesome1 nutriti\s & ev5 co/ly         
mat]ials2 ! fi% may be boil$ or bak$ to 
p]fection2 ! jo9t or ! roa/ & ! salad   
may be o!rwise faultless1 b if !y lack  
flavor !y w surely fail 9 _! mission1 & 
none ( ! neighbors w plot to /eal !     
cook1 z !y o!rwise might did %e m]it !  
reputation t %e o!rwise might1 by us+   
cul9>y h]bs4  ,?is doleful condition may
 be prev5t$ & ! cook enjoy an enviable  

e/eem by ! judici\s use ( h]bs1 s+ly or 
9 comb9ation4 ,x is greatly to be       
regrett$ t ! uses ( ^! humble plants1   
:i* seem to fall l[] ?an ! dignity ( !  
title vegetable1 %\ld be s little       
und]/ood by intellig5t ,am]ican         
h\sewives4  ,9 ! flavor+ ( prep>$ di%es 
we ,am]icans--p1 z ! ,fr5* say1 ( "o    
sauce--might well le>n a lesson f !     
example ( ! ,engli% matron :o usually   
consid]s h] kit*5 incomplete )\t a doz5 
or m sweet h]bs1 ei!r p[d]$1 or 9       
decoction1 or pres]v$ 9 bo? ways4 ,a    
glance into a ,fr5* or a ,g]man cul9>y  
dep>tm5t w\ld probably %[ m ?an a score2
 b a c>eful se>* 9 an ,am]ican kit*5    
w\ld r>ely reveal z _m z half a doz51 & 
9 ! great majority probably only p>sley 
& sage w\ld be br\ght to light4 ,yet ^! 
humble plants possess ! p[] ( r5d]+ ev5 
unpalatable & insipid di%es piquant &   
appetiz+1 & ?is1 too1 at a surpris+ly l[
 co/4 ,inde$1 mo/ ( !m may be gr[n 9 an 
out-(-!-way corn] ( ! g>d51 or if no    
g>d5 be available1 9 a box ( soil ^u a  

sunny w9d[sill--a me?od adopt$ by _m    
=eign]s liv+ 9 t5em5t h\ses 9 ,new ,york
 & ,j]sey ,city4 ,c]ta9ly !y may be made
 to add to ! pleasure ( liv+ &1 z       
,solomon decl>es1 bett] is a d9n] ( h]bs
 :]e love is1 ?an a /all$ ox )          
cont5tion4  ,x is to be regrett$ t !    
mov+ picture %[ & ! soda wat] f\nta9 h  
su* an influ5ce 9 break+ up old-fa%ion$ 
family ev5+s at home :5 ev]yone ga!r$   
ar\nd ! ev5+ lamp to enjoy homemade     
da9ties4 ,9 ^? good old days ! "y man 0 
expect$ to become acqua9t$ ) ! "y woman 
9 ! home4 ,! girl took pride 9 s]v+     
solid & liquid cul9>y goodies ( h] own  
con/ruction4 ,h] "m1 h] all-suffici5t   
guide1 mapp$ out ! sure1 safe1 & or?odox
 highway to a man's he>t & saw to x t %e
 le>n$ h[ to play h] c>ds ) skill &     
precision4 ,^? 7 ! days :5 a l>g]       
proportion liv$ happy ev] aft] ?an 9    
mod]n times1 :5 recreation & refre%m5t  
are s\ght m frequ5tly outside ?an inside
 ! walls ( home4  ,b x is n too late to 
le>n ! good old ways ov] aga9 & enjoy ! 

good old cul9>y da9ties4 ,:oev] reli%es 
! summ] cups t *e] b d n inebriate may  
add consid]ably to 8 enjoym5t by us+ "s 
( ! sweet h]bs4 ,spe>m9t adds to        
lemonade ! pleas+ pung5cy x z readily   
imp>ts to a less h>mful b m notori\s    
bev]age4 ,! blue or p9k fl[]s ( borage h
 long be5 fam\s = ! same purpose1 ?\gh  
!y are p]haps (t5] add$ to a mixture (  
honey & wat]1 to grape juice1 raspb]ry  
v9eg> or /rawb]ry acid4 ,all t is ne$$  
is an awak5$ desire to re-e/abli% home  
com=ts & cu/oms1 !n a little lat]       
exp]im5tation w soon fix ! h]b habit4   
,illu/ration3 ,transplant+ ,bo>d &      
,dibble  ,! li/ ( home confections may  
be v pleas+ly ext5d$ by c&y+ ! aromatic 
roots ( lovage1 & ?us rais+ up a rival  
to ! c&i$ g+] said to be import$ f !    
,ori5t4 ,if anyone likes cori&] &       
c>away--,i confess t ,i don't--he c sug>
 ! se$s to make ^? little comfits1 !    
c&ies ( our *ildhood :i* our mo!rs tri$ 
to make u ?9k we lik$ to crun* ei!r     
sep>ately or spr9kl$ on our bir?day     

cakes4 ,^? 7 be=e ! days :5 somebody's  
"n 0 /amp$ on e piece to aid dige/ion4  
,c we ev] =get ! picnic :5 we _h c]ta9  
k9ds ( s&wi*es8 ,our mo!rs m9c$ sweet   
f5nel1 ! t5d] leaves ( sage1 m>joram or 
sev]al o!r h]bs1 mix$ !m ) cream *eese1 
& spread a lay] betwe5 two ?9 slices (  
bread4 ,p]haps x 0 ! swimm+1 or !       
?ree-legg$ rac+1 or ! sw++1 or all put  
toge!r1 t put a razor edge on our       
appetites & made u reli% ^? s&wi*es m   
?an 0 p]haps polite2 b w we n1 all ( u  
:o ate !m1 /& ready to dispute ) all    
com]s t x 0 ! flavors t made u =get our 
mann]s8  ,b sweet h]bs may be made to   
s]ve ano!r pleas+1 an /hetic purpose4   
,_m ( !m may be us$ = ornam5t4 ,a b\quet
 ( ! pale p9k blossoms ( ?yme & !       
delicate fl[]s ( m>joram1 ! fragrant    
sprigs ( lemon balm mix$ ) ! bright     
yell[ umbels ( sweet f5nel1 ! f9ely     
divid$ leaves ( rue & ! long glassy ones
 ( b]gamot1 is n only novel 9 appe>ance 
b 9 odor4 ,9 sweetness x excels ev5     
sweet peas & roses4 ,mix$ ) ! brilliant 

r$ b]ries ( b>b]ry & multiflora rose1 & 
! d>k-gre5 bran*es ( ! h>dy ?yme1 :i*   
cont9ues fre% & sweet ?r\gh ! ye>1 a    
h&some & la/+ b\quet may be made = a    
midw9t] table decoration1 a fragrant    
rem9d] ( ,%akespe>e's l9es 9 ,a ,w9t]'s 
,tale3    ,"h's fl[]s = y2   ,hot       
lav5d]1 m9ts1 savory1 m>joram2   ,!     
m>igold1 t goes to b$ wi' ! sun   ,& )  
him rises weep+4  ,! r>e aroma ( sweet  
m>joram rem9ds s _m city p ( _! "m's &  
_! gr&mo!r's c\ntry g>d5s1 t c\ntless   
musl9 bags ( ! dri$ leaves s5t to t[n   
o/5sibly = /uff+ p\ltry nev] rea* !     
kit*5 at all1 b are accord$ m honor$    
places 9 ! liv+ room4 ,!y are plac$ 9 ! 
sunlight ( a bay w9d[ :]e ,old ,sol may 
coax =? _! prison$ odors & p]fume ! air 
) memories ( *ildhood summ]s on ! f>m4  
,o!r memories cl+ to ! delicate little  
lav5d]1 n s mu* because ! own] ( a      
well-fill$ l95 closet p]fum$ h] spotless
 ho>d ) its fragrant fl[]s1 b because ( 
m t5d] remembrances4 ,w\ld any c\ntry   
w$d+ *e/ be complete )\t its little silk

 bags fill$ ) dri$ lav5d] buds & blooms 
to add ! f9i%+ t\* ( romance to ! da9ty 
tr\sseau ( l95 & lace8 ,:at c recall !  
bridal ye> s surely z ?is same k9dly    
lav5d]8     ,a ,,d9n] ,,( ,,h]bs   ,9 an
 article publi%$ 9 ,am]ican             
,agriculturi/1 ,dora ,m4 ,morrell says3 
,!re is an inf]5ce t a d9n] ( h]bs is r 
a poor ?+1 "o n to be *os5 z a pleasure4
 ,p]haps x might be if x came daily1 b1 
= once 9 a :ile1 try ?is :i* ,i am go+  
to tell y4  ,to prep>e a d9n] ( h]bs 9  
its be/ e/ate y %\ld h a b$ ( season+s  
su* z our gr&mo!rs _h 9 _! g>d5s1 r[s ( 
sage1 ( spicy m9t1 sweet m>joram1 summ] 
savory1 fragrant ?yme1 t>ragon1 *ives & 
p>sley4 ,to ^! we may add1 if we take   
h]bs 9 ! ,scriptural s5se1 na/urtium1 & 
t too?some escul5t1 ! onion1 z well z   
lettuce4 ,if y wi% a d9n] ( h]bs & h n !
 fre%1 ! dri$ w s]ve1 b p>sley & m9t y c
 get at mo/ times 9 ! m>kets1 or 9      
c\ntry g>d5s1 :]e !y (t5 gr[ wild4  ,d y
 "k1 my si/] h\sewife1 t if y 7 to h a  
b>rel saw$ 9 half1 fill$ ) good soil1 "s

 holes made 9 ! side & !n plac$ ! prep>$
 half b>rel 9 ! sun1 y c\ld h an h]b    
g>d5 ( y\r own ! ye> ?r\gh1 ev5 if y    
live 9 a city flat8 ,9 ! holes at !     
sides y c plant p>sley1 & x w gr[ to    
cov] ! b>rel1 s t y h a bank ( gre5 to  
look ^u4 ,on ! top ( ! half b>rel plant 
y\r m9t1 sage1 ?yme & t>ragon4 ,?yme is 
s pleas+ a plant 9 appe>ance & fragrance
 t y may acceptably give x a place among
 ^? y h 9 y\r w9d[ = ornam5t4           
,illu/ration3 ,assortm5t ( ,favorite    
,we$]s  ,! ,belgians make a p>sley s\p t
 might beg9 y\r d9n]1 or r y\r lun*eon4 
,= ! s\p1 ?ick5 fl\r & butt] toge!r z = 
drawn butt] sauce1 & :5 prop]ly cook$ ?9
 to s\p consi/5cy ) milk4 ,flavor )     
onion juice1 salt & pepp]4 ,j be=e s]v+ 
add en\gh p>sley cut 9 t9y bits to color
 ! s\p gre54 ,s]ve cr\tons ) ?is4  ,= ! 
next c\rse *oose an omelette ) f9e h]bs4
 ,any cookbook w give ! directions =    
mak+ ! omelette1 & all t w be necess>y m
 ?an ! book directs is to h add$ to x   
m9c$ ?yme1 t>ragon & *ives be=e fold+1  

or !y may be /irr$ into ! omelette be=e 
cook+4  ,in/ead ( an omelette y may h   
eggs /uff$ ) f9e h]bs & s]v$ 9 cream    
sauce4 ,cut h>d-boil$ eggs 9 half ! long
 way & remove ! yolks4 ,ma% & season ^!1
 add+ ! h]bs1 z f9ely m9c$ z possible4  
,%ape aga9 l yolks & return to ! :ites4 
,cov] ) a hot cream sauce & s]ve be=e x 
cools4 ,bo? ( ^! di%es may be g>ni%$ )  
%r$d$ p>sley ov] ! top4  ,) ?is s]ve a  
di% ( potatoes scallop$ ) onion4 ,prep>e
 by plac+ 9 alt]nate lay]s ! two        
vegetables2 season well ) salt1 pepp] & 
butt]1 & !n add milk ev5 ) ! top lay]4  
,?is di% is q he>ty & makes a good supp]
 di% ( itself4  ,( c\rse y w n h a meal 
( ?is k9d )\t salad4 ,= ?is try a       
mixture ( na/urtium leaves & blossoms1  
t>ragon1 *ives1 m9t1 ?yme & ! small     
leaves ( ! lettuce1 add+ any o!r gre5   
leaves ( ! spicy k9d :i* y f9d to ta/e  
good4 ,!n dress ^! ) a simple oil &     
v9eg> dress+1 omitt+ sug>1 mu/>d or any 
su* flavor+1 = !re is spice en\gh 9 !   
leaves !mselves4  ,pass ) ^!1 if y w1   

s&wi*es made ) lettuce or na/urtium     
dress$ ) mayonnaise4 ,y may make q a    
diff]5t ?+ ( !m by add+ m9c$ *ives or   
t>ragon1 or ?yme1 to ! mayonnaise4 ,!   
,fr5* are v p>tial to ?is mann] (       
comp\nd+ new sauces f ! base ( ! old "o4
 ,aft] y d x a few times y also w f9d x 
wor? :ile4  ,illu/ration3 ,popul>       
,adju/able ,r[ ,m>k]  ,:5 x comes to a  
dess]t ,i am afraid y w h to g outside (
 h]bs4 ,y c take a cream *eese & "w into
 x ) a silv] knife any ( ^! h]bs1 or any
 two ( !m t agree ) x well1 & s]ve x )  
toa/$ crack]s1 or y c toa/ y\r crack]s )
 common *eese1 grat+ above x sage &     
?yme4  ,:e!r ?is d9n] ( h]bs appeals to 
! read] or n1 ,i v5ture to say t no     
h\sewife :o has ev] /uff$ a ,?anksgiv+  
turkey1 a ,*ri/mas goose or ducks or    
*ick5s ) home-gr[n1 home-prep>$ h]bs1   
ei!r fre% or dri$1 w ev] aft] be will+  
to buy ! pap] packages or t9 cans (     
semi-inodor\s1 prehi/oric du/ :i*       
masqu]ades equally well z fre% sage1    
summ] savory1 ?yme or some?+ else1 !    

only app>5t diff]5ce be+ ! label4  ,to  
le>n to value h]bs at _! true wor? "o   
%\ld gr[ !m4 ,!n e visitor to ! g>d5 w  
be rem9d$ ( "s quotation f ! ,bible1 or 
,%akespe>e or "s o!r repository (       
int]e/+ ?\ghts2 = s9ce h]bs h be5 lov$ z
 long z ! race has liv$ on ! e>?1       
lit]ature is full ( ref]5ces to facts & 
fancies conc]n+ !m4 ,?us ! h]b g>d5 w   
become ! nucleus ar\nd :i* clu/] ho>y   
leg5ds1 gems ( v]se & lilts ( song1 &   
:]e "o almo/ /oops to remove 8 %oes1 =  
,! wisdom ( ! ages   ,blooms anew among 
! sages4     ,,cul9>y ,,h]bs ,,def9$    
,x may be said t sweet or cul9>y h]bs   
are ^? annual1 bi5nial or p]5nial plants
 ^: gre5 p>ts1 t5d] roots or ripe se$s h
 an aromatic flavor & fragrance1 due    
ei!r to a volatile oil or to o!r        
*emically nam$ sub/ances peculi> to !   
individual species4 ,s9ce _m ( !m h     
pleas+ odors !y h be5 call$ sweet1 &    
s9ce !y h be5 long us$ 9 cook]y to add  
_! *>act]i/ic flavors to s\ps1 /ews1    
dress+s1 sauces & salads1 !y are        

popul>ly call$ cul9>y4 ,?is la/         
designation is less happy ?an ! =m]1    
s9ce _m o!r h]bs1 su* z cabbage1 sp9a*1 
kale1 d&elion & coll>ds1 are also cul9>y
 h]bs4 ,^! vegetables are1 h[ev]1       
probably m widely kn[n z po!rbs or      
gre5s4   ,,hi/ory  ,x seems probable t  
_m ( ! flavor+ h]bs n[ 9 use 7 simil>ly 
employ$ be=e ! erection ( ! pyramids &  
also t _m !n popul> no long] appe> 9    
mod]n li/s ( escul5ts4 ,( c\rse1 ?is    
/atem5t is bas$ l>gely ^u imp]fect      
records1 p]haps1 9 _m cases only h9ts m 
or less d\btful z to ! v>i\s species4 ,b
 x seems safe to conclude t a goodly    
numb] ( ! h]bs discuss$ 9 ?is volume1   
especially ^? said to be natives ( !    
,m$it]ranean region1 ov]hung & p]fum$ ! 
cradle ( ! human race 9 ! ,ori5t & m>k$ 
! foot/eps ( our rude prog5itors z !y   
/rode m & m /urdily t[>d ! horizon (    
promise4 ,?is idea seems to ga9 support 
also f ! fact t c]ta9 ,ea/]n peoples1   
:om mod]n civilization decl>es to h     
un$ucat$ ta/es1 /ill employ _m h]bs :i* 

h dropp$ by ! wayside ( progress1 or l !
 c>away & ! r$\btable pusley1 an        
anci5tly popul> po!rb1 are b kn[n 9     
we/]n l&s z tr\blesome we$s4  ,rely+ ^u 
,biblical records alone1 sev]al h]bs 7  
highly e/eem$ prior to our era2 9 !     
gospels ( ,mat!w & ,luke ref]5ce is made
 to ti!s ( m9t1 anise1 rue1 cumm9 & o!r 
h]bs2 &1 m ?an #gjj ye>s previ\sly1     
,isaiah speaks ( ! s[+ & ?re%+ ( cumm9  
:i*1 s9ce ! same passage 7,isaiah       
xxviii1 #be7 also speaks ( fit*es       
7vet*es71 :eat1 b>ley & rie 7rye71 seems
 !n to h be5 a valu$ crop4              
,illu/ration3 ,popul> ,spades  ,!       
developm5t ( ! h]b crops contra/s       
/rongly ) t ( ! o!r crops to :i* ref]5ce
 has j be5 made4 ,:]eas ^! latt] h      
cont9u$ to be /aples1 & to judge by _!  
behavior dur+ ! la/ c5tury may be       
consid]$ to h improv$ 9 quality & yield 
s9ce t anci5t "t1 ! =m] h dropp$ to !   
mo/ subord9ate position ( all food      
plants4 ,!y h lo/ 9 numb] ( species1 & h
 %[n less improvem5t ?an p]haps any o!r 

gr\ps ( plants cultivat$ = economic     
purposes4 ,dur+ ! c5tury j clos$ only "o
 species1 p>sley1 may be said to h      
develop$ m ?an an occasional improv$    
v>iety4 ,& ev5 dur+ ?is p]iod ! li/ (   
species seems to h be5 some:at          
curtail$--tansy1 hyssop1 horeh\nd1 rue &
 sev]al o!rs be+ consid]$ ( too pron\nc$
 & ev5 unpleasant flavor to suit        
cultivat$ palates4  ,) ! exception ( ^! 
few species1 ! loss ( :i* seems n to be 
s]i\s1 ?is abs5ce ( improvem5t is to be 
regrett$1 because ) improv$ quality w\ld
 come increas$ consumption & consequ5t  
b5eficial results 9 ! appetiz+ flavor ( 
! foods to :i* h]bs are add$4 ,b greatly
 improv$ v>ieties ( mo/ species c h>dly 
be expect$ until a j appreciation has   
be5 awak5$ 9 individual cultivators1 :o1
 probably 9 a majority ( cases1 w be    
lov]s ( plants r ?an m5 :o e>n _! liv+  
by m>ket g>d5+4  ,until ! public bett]  
appreciates ! cul9>y h]bs !re w be a    
comp>atively small comm]cial dem&2 until
 ! dem& is suffici5t to make gr[+ h]bs  

pr(itable ^u an ext5sive scale1 m>ket   
g>d5]s w devote _! l& to crops :i* are  
sure to pay well2 h5ce ! opportunity to 
gr[ h]bs z an adjunct to g>d5+ is ! mo/ 
likely way t !y c be made pr(itable4 ,& 
yet !re is /ill ano!r2 namely1 gr[+ !m =
 sale 9 ! v>i\s prep>$ =ms & sell+ !m 9 
glass or t9 receptacles 9 ! neighborhood
 or by adv]tis+ 9 ! h\sehold magaz9es4  
,!re surely is a m>ket1 & a pr(itable "o
 if rightly manag$4 ,& ) "r managem5t & 
pr(it is to come desire to h improv$    
v>ieties4 ,su* v>ieties c be develop$ at
 lea/ z readily z ! wond]ful mod]n      
*rysan!mum has be5 develop$ f an        
insignificant little wild fl[] n half z 
int]e/+ or promis+ orig9ally z our      
common oxeye daisy1 a well-kn[n field   
we$4  ,n ! lea/ object ( ?is volume is1 
!re=e1 to ar\se j appreciation ( !      
opportunities await+ ! h]b gr[]4        
,besides ! v l>ge & increas+ numb] ( p  
:o take pleasure 9 ! gr[+ ( attractive  
fl[]+ & foliage plants1 f9e vegetables &
 *oice fruits1 !re are _m :o w\ld f9d   

positive delight 9 ! bre$+ ( plants =   
improvem5t--! orig9ation ( new          
v>ieties--& :o w\ld devote mu* ( _!     
leisure "t to ?is "w--make x a          
hobby--did !y "k ! simple und]ly+       
pr9ciples4 ,= _! b5efit1 !re=e1 ! foll[+
 p>agraphs are giv54   ,,production ,,( 
,,new ,,v>ieties  ,besides !            
gratification t always accompanies !    
gr[+ ( plants1 !re is 9 plant bre$+ !   
promise t ! prog5y w 9 "s way be bett]  
?an ! p>5t1 & !re is ! c]ta9ty t :5 a   
/able v>iety ( und\bt$ m]it has be5     
produc$ x c be sold to an ent]pris+     
se$sman = g5]al di/ribution4 ,9 ?is way 
! amateur may become a public b5efactor1
 reap ! j rew>d ( 8 labors & keep 8     
memory gre56  ,! production ( new       
v>ieties ( plants is a mu* simpl]       
process ?an is commonly suppos$4 ,x     
consi/s f> m 9 select+ & propagat+ ! be/
 specim5s ?an 9 any s-call$ bre$+4 ,) ! 
majority ( ! h]bs ?is is ! mo/ likely   
direction 9 :i* to seek success4        
,suppose we h s[n a packet ( p>sley se$ 

& we h five ?\s& se$l+s4 ,among ^! a lot
 w be s weak t we w naturally pass !m by
 :5 we are *oos+ plantlets to put 9 our 
g>d5 b$s4 ,"h is ! fir/ & simple/ k9d ( 
selection4 ,by ?is means1 & by n hav+   
space = a great numb] ( plants 9 ! g>d51
 we probably get rid ( #hj p] c5t ( !   
se$l+s--almo/ surely ! lea/ desirable   
ones4  ,illu/ration3 ,la? ,scre5 = ,%ad+
 ,b$s  ,suppose we h transplant$ #a1jjj 
se$l+s :]e !y are to gr[ & produce      
leaves = sale or home use4 ,among ^!1   
provid$ ! se$ has be5 good & true1 at   
lea/ #ij p] c5t w be ab\t alike 9       
appe>ance1 productivity & o!rwise4 ,!   
rema9+ plants may %[ v>iations s /rik+ z
 to attract att5tion4 ,"s may be tall & 
scraggly1 "s may be small & puny2 o!rs  
may be light gre51 /ill o!rs d>k gre52 &
 s on4 ,b !re may be "o or two plants t 
/& out conspicu\sly z ! be/ ( ! :ole    
lot4 ,^! are ! ones to m>k ) a /ake s !y
 w n be mole/$ :5 ! crop is be+ ga!r$ & 
s !y w atta9 _! fulle/ developm5t4  ,^! 
be/ plants1 & only ^!1 %\ld !n be *os5 z

 ! se$ be>]s4 ,no o!rs %\ld be all[$ ev5
 to produce fl[]s4 ,:5 ! se$ has rip5$1 
t f ea* plant %\ld be kept sep>ate dur+ 
! cur+ process describ$ else:]e4 ,& :5  
spr+ comes aga91 ea* lot ( se$ %\ld be  
s[n by itself4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are         
transplant$1 !y %\ld be kept ap>t &     
label$ ,no4 #a1 ,no4 #b1 ,no4 #c1 etc41 
s ! prog5y ( ea* p>5t plant c be kn[n & 
its hi/ory kept4  ,! process ( select+ !
 se$l+s ! second ye> is ! same z 9 !    
fir/2 ! be/ are giv5 pref]5ce1 :5 be+   
transplant$4 ,9 ! b$s all sorts (       
v>iations ev5 m pron\nc$ ?an ! fir/ ye> 
may be expect$4 ,! ef=t ) ! se$l+s d]iv$
 f ea* p>5t plant %\ld be to f9d !      
plants t mo/ closely resemble _! own    
p>5ts1 & to manage ^! j z ! p>5ts 7     
manag$4 ,no o!r %\ld be all[$ to fl[]4  
,?is process is to be cont9u$ f ye> to  
ye>4 ,if ! selection is c>efully made1 !
 gr[] w soon rejoice1 because he w      
obs]ve a l>g] & a l>g] numb] ( plants   
approa*+ ! type ( plant he has be5      
select+ =4 ,9 "t practically ! :ole     

plantation w be com+ true to type1 & he 
w h develop$ a new v>iety4 ,if 8 ideal  
is su* z to appeal to ! practical man--!
 man :o gr[s p>sley = money--& if !     
v>iety is sup]ior to v>ieties already   
gr[n1 ! orig9ator w h no difficulty 9   
dispos+ ( 8 /ock ( se$ & plants1 if he s
 desires1 to a se$sman1 :o w gladly pay 
a r\nd price 9 ord] to h exclusive      
control ( ! new creation4 ,or he may    
contract ) a se$sman to gr[ se$ ( ! new 
v>iety = sale to ! trade4  ,illu/ration3
 ,h>ve/+ ,?yme ,gr[n on a ,comm]cial    
,scale  ,x may be said1 fur!r1 t new    
v>ieties may be produc$ by plac+ ! poll5
 f ! fl[]s ( "o plant ^u ! pi/ils 9 !   
fl[]s ( ano!r & !n cov]+ ! plant ) f9e  
gauze to keep insects out4 ,) ! h]bs1   
h[ev]1 ?is me?od seems h>dly wor? :ile1 
because ! fl[]s are z a rule v small & !
 "w necess>ily f9icky1 & because !re are
 already s few v>ieties ( mo/ species t 
! op]ation may be left to ! activities (
 insects4 ,x is = ?is reason1 h[ev]1 t  
none b ! *oice/ plants %\ld be all[$ to 

bloom1 s none b desirable poll5 may rea*
 & f]tilize ! fl[]s ( ! plants to be us$
 z se$ produc]s4   ,,/atus ,,& ,,uses   
,"s read]s ( a /ati/ical turn ( m9d may 
be disappo9t$ to le>n t figures z to !  
value ( ! annual crops ( individual     
h]bs1 ! acreage devot$ to ea*1 ! av]age 
co/1 yield & pr(it an acre1 etc41 are n 
obta9able & t ! only way ( det]m9+ !    
approximate /&+ ( ! v>i\s species is !  
app>5t dem& = ea* 9 ! l>ge m>kets &     
/ores4  ,unque/ionably ! greate/ call is
 = p>sley1 :i* is us$ 9 re/aurants &    
hotels m ext5sively z a g>ni% ?an any   
o!r h]b4 ,9 ?is capacity x ranks ab\t   
equal ) wat]cress & lettuce1 :i* bo? f9d
 _! *ief uses z salads4 ,z a flavor+    
ag5t x is probably less us$ ?an sage1 b 
m ?an any ( ! o!r h]bs4 ,x is *iefly    
employ$ 9 dress+s ) mild meats su* z    
*ick51 turkey1 v5ison1 veal1 ) bak$ fi%2
 & = s\ps1 /ews1 & sauces1 especially ^?
 us$ ) boil$ meats1 fi% & fricassees ( !
 meats m5tion$4 ,?us x has a wid]       
application ?an any o!r ( ! cul9>y h]bs4

  ,sage1 :i* is a /rongly flavor$ plant1
 is us$ *iefly ) su* fat meats z pork1  
goose1 duck1 & v>i\s k9ds ( game4 ,l>ge 
quantities are mix$ ) sausage meat &1 9 
"s c\ntries1 ) c]ta9 k9ds ( *eese4      
,?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates x is probably !
 mo/ frequ5tly call$ into requisition ( 
all h]bs1 probably outrank+ any two ( ! 
o!rs1 ) ! exception ( p>sley4           
,illu/ration3 ,g>d5 ,hoes ( ,v>i\s      
,/yles  ,?yme & savory /& ab\t equal1 & 
are *iefly us$ l p>sley1 ?\gh bo?1      
especially ! =m]1 are us$ 9 c]ta9 k9ds (
 sausage4 ,m>joram1 :i* is simil>ly     
employ$1 comes next1 !n foll[ balm1     
f5nel1 & basil4 ,^! mild] h]bs are (t5  
mix$ = mu* ! same reason t c]ta9 simple 
p]fumes are bl5d$--to produce a new     
odor--comb9ations ( h]bs result+ 9 a new
 comp\nd flavor4 ,su* comp\nds are      
utiliz$ 9 ! same way t ! elem5t>y h]bs  
are4  ,9 classes by !mselves are t>ragon
 & spe>m9t1 ! =m] ( :i* is *iefly us$ z 
a decoction 9 ! flavor+ ( fi% sauces1 & 
! latt] z ! univ]sal dress+ ) spr+ lamb4

 ,m9t has also a m convivial use1 b ?is 
seems m ! prov9ce ( ! ,w4 ,c4 ,t4 ,u4   
?an ( ?is book to discuss4  ,dill is    
probably ! mo/ important ( ! h]bs ^:    
se$s1 r ?an _! leaves1 are us$ 9 flavor+
 food o!r ?an confection]y4 ,x plays its
 *ief role 9 ! pickle b>rel4 ,imm5se    
quantities ( cucumb] pickles flavor$    
pr9cipally ) dill are us$ 9 ! re/aurants
 ( ! l>g] cities & also by families1 !  
=eign-born citiz5s & _! desc5dants be+ !
 *ief consum]s4 ,! dem& = ^! pickles is 
met by ! lead+ pickle manufactur]s :o   
prep>e special br&s1 g5]ally accord+ to 
,g]man recipes1 & sell !m to !          
delicatess5 & ! groc]y /ores4 ,if !y 7  
to rely ^u me = bus9ess1 !y w\ld soon g 
bankrupt4 ,to my palate ! dill pickle   
appeals z almo/ ! acme (                
disagreeabl5ess4   ,,notable ,,in/ance  
,,( ,,uses  ,! flavors ( ! v>i\s h]bs   
cov] a wide range1 comm5c+ ) f5nel &    
end+ ) sage1 & are capable ( wide       
application4 ,9 "o case :i* came "u my  
obs]vation1 ! cook made a cel]y-flavor$ 

/ew ( "s meat scraps4 ,n be+ :olly      
consum$1 ! surviv+ debris appe>$ a day  
or two lat]1 9 company ) o!r odds &     
ends1 z ! *ief actor 9 a meat pie       
flavor$ ) p>sley4 ,alas1 a left-ov]     
aga96 ,nev] m9d1 mus$ ! cook2 & no "o :o
 p>took ( ! succe$+ /ew discov]$ ! lurk+
 p>sley & its ov]p[]$ prog5itor1 !      
cel]y1 "u ! effectual disguise ( summ]  
savory4 ,by an un=ese5 circum/ance !    
fragm5ts rema9+ f ?is la/ /ew did n     
cont9ue ! cycle & disappe> 9 ano!r pie4 
,_h ?is be5 _! fate1 h[ev]1 _! pres5ce  
c\ld h be5 completely obscur$ by sage4  
,?is problem 9 p]petual progression or  
cul9>y homeopa?y c be practic$ 9 any    
kit*54 ,b hu%1 tell x n 9 ! d9+-room6   
,illu/ration3 ,dri$ ,h]bs 9 ,pap] & ,t9 
,,me?ods ,,( ,,cur+  ,cul9>y h]bs may be
 divid$ into ?ree gr\ps2 ^? ^: foliage  
furni%es ! flavor1 ^? ^: se$ is us$ & ^?
 few ^: roots are prep>$4 ,9 ! kit*51   
foliage h]bs are employ$ ei!r gre5 or z 
decoctions or dri$1 ea* way ) its       
special advocates1 advantages &         

applications4  ,gre5 h]bs1 if fre%ly &  
prop]ly ga!r$1 are ri*e/ 9 flavor+      
sub/ances & :5 add$ to sauces1          
fricassees1 /ews1 etc41 reveal _!       
fre%ness by _! p>ticles z well z by _!  
decid$ly f9] flavor4 ,9 salads !y almo/ 
entirely supplant bo? ! dri$ & ! decoct$
 h]bs1 s9ce _! fre% colors are pleas+ to
 ! eye & _! crispness to ! palate2 :]eas
 ! specks ( ! dri$ h]bs w\ld be         
objectionable1 & bo? ^! & ! decoctions  
imp>t a some:at inf]ior flavor to su*   
di%es4 ,s9ce h]bs _c1 h[ev]1 always be  
obta9$ ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 unless !y are gr[n
 9 w9d[ boxes1 !y are infus$ or dri$4   
,bo? infus+ & dry+ are simil> processes 
9 !mselves1 b = be/ results !y are      
dep5d5t ^u ! obs]vance ( a few simple   
rules4  ,no matt] 9 :at condition or =  
:at purpose !y are to be us$ ! flavors (
 foliage h]bs are inv>iably be/ 9       
well-develop$ leaves & %oots /ill 9 full
 vigor ( gr[?4 ,) respect to ! plant z a
 :ole1 ^! flavors are mo/ abundant &    
pleasant j be=e ! fl[]s appe>4 ,& s9ce  

!y are g5]ally due to ess5tial oils1 :i*
 are quickly dissipat$ by heat1 !y are m
 abundant 9 ! morn+ ?an aft] ! sun has  
rea*$ ! z5i?4 ,z a g5]al rule1 !re=e1   
be/ results ) foliage h]bs1 especially  
^? to be us$ = dry+ & infus+1 may be    
secur$ :5 ! plants seem ready to fl[]1 !
 h>ve/ be+ made z soon z ! dew has dri$ 
& be=e ! day has become v w>m4 ,! leaves
 ( p>sley1 h[ev]1 may be ga!r$ z soon z 
!y atta9 t deep gre5 *>act]i/ic ( !     
mature leaf2 & s9ce ! leaves are produc$
 cont9u\sly = _m weeks1 ! mature ones   
may be remov$ e week or s1 a process :i*
 enc\rages ! fur!r production ( foliage 
& po/pones ! appe>ance ( ! fl[]+ /em4   
,to make good infusions ! fre%ly ga!r$1 
clean foliage %\ld be lib]ally pack$ 9  
/opp]$ j>s1 cov]$ ) ! *oice/ v9eg>1 & ! 
j>s kept clos$4 ,9 a week or two ! fluid
 w be ready = use1 b 9 us+ x1 trials mu/
 be made to asc]ta9 its /r5g? & !       
quantity necess>y to use4 ,usually only 
! cle> liquid is employ$2 sometimes1    
h[ev]1 z ) m9t1 ! leaves are v f9ely    

m9c$ be=e be+ bottl$ & bo? liquid &     
p>ticles employ$4  ,illu/ration3 ,h]b   
,solution ,bottle  ,t>ragon1 m9t & ! se$
 h]bs1 su* z dill1 are p]haps m (t5 us$ 
9 ord9>y cook]y z infusions ?an o!rwise4
 ,an objection to decoctions is t !     
flavor ( v9eg> is n always desir$ 9 a   
cul9>y prep>ation1 & nei!r is t (       
alcohol or w9e1 :i* are sometimes us$ 9 
! same way z v9eg>4   ,,dry+ ,,& ,,/or+ 
,:5 only a small quantity ( an h]b is to
 be dri$1 ! old plan ( hang+ loose      
bun*es f ! ceil+ ( a w>m1 dry attic or a
 kit*5 w answ]4 ,bett]1 p]haps1 is ! use
 ( trays cov]$ ) clean1 /\t manilla pap]
 ^u :i* ?9 lay]s ( ! leaves are spread4 
,^! are plac$ ei!r 9 hot sunlight or 9 !
 w>m kit*5 :]e w>m air circulates       
freely4 ,!y mu/ be turn$ once a day     
until all ! moi/ure has be5 evaporat$ f 
! leaves & ! s(t]1 m delicate p>ts h    
become crisp4 ,!n !y may be crun*$ &    
crumbl$ betwe5 ! h&s1 ! /alks & ! h>d   
p>ts reject$ & ! p[d] plac$ 9 air-tight 
glass or e>!nw>e j>s or metal cans1 &   

/or$ 9 a cool place4 ,if !re be !       
slighte/ trace ( moi/ure 9 ! p[d]1 x    
%\ld be /ill fur!r dri$ to insure aga9/ 
mold4 ,prior to any dry+ process ! cut  
leaves & /ems %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$1 to 
get rid ( any trace ( dirt4 ,be=e be+   
dri$ z not$ above1 ! wat] %\ld all be   
all[$ to evaporate4 ,evaporation may be 
ha/5$ by expos+ ! h]bs to a breeze 9 a  
%all[1 loose basket1 a wire tray or ^u a
 table4 ,:ile damp !re is little dang] (
 _! be+ bl[n away4 ,z !y dry1 h[ev]1 !  
curr5t ( air %\ld be m g5tle4  ,!       
practice ( /or+ p[d]$ h]bs 9 pap] or    
pa/ebo>d packages is bad1 s9ce !        
delicate oils readily diffuse ?r\gh !   
pap] & soon] or lat] ! mat]ial becomes z
 valueless = flavor+ purposes z ord9>y  
hay or /raw4 ,?is loss ( flavor is      
p>ticul>ly noticeable ) sage1 :i* is "o 
( ! easie/ h]bs to spoil by bad         
managem5t4 ,ev5 :5 kept 9 air-tight     
glass or t9 receptacles1 z recomm5d$1 x 
g5]ally becomes useless be=e ! end ( two
 ye>s4  ,illu/ration3 ,pap] ,sacks (    

,dri$ ,h]bs = ,home ,use  ,:5 l>ge      
quantities ( h]bs are to be cur$ a fruit
 evaporator may be employ$1 ! h]bs be+  
spread ?9ly ^u wire-bottom$ trays s t an
 ample curr5t ( air may pass ?r\gh !m4  
,c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! temp]ature   
inside ! ma*9e bel[ #abj degrees4 ,!    
greate/ effici5cy c be secur$ by plac+ !
 trays ( mo/ rec5tly ga!r$ h]bs at !    
top1 ! p>tially dri$ ones be+ l[]$ to   
positions ne>] ! s\rce ( heat4 ,9 ?is   
way ! fre%1 dry1 w>m air comes 9 contact
 fir/ ) ! h]bs mo/ ne>ly dri$1 removes !
 la/ ve/ige ( moi/ure f !m & aft] pass+ 
?r\gh ! int]v5+ trays comes to ^? mo/   
rec5tly ga!r$4  ,illu/ration3 ,h&       
,cultivator & ,sc>ifi]  ,unless !       
evaporator be fitt$ ) "s me*anism :i* w 
p]mit all ! trays to be l[]$            
simultane\sly1 ! "w ( *ang+ ! trays may 
seem too irksome to be w>rant$4 ,b :]e  
no *anges ( trays are made1 great] c>e  
mu/ be giv5 to ! bottom trays because !y
 w dry out fa/] ?an ^? at ! top4 ,inde$ 
9 su* cases1 aft] ! app>atus is full1 x 

becomes almo/ ess5tial to move ! trays  
l[]1 because if fre% gre5 h]bs1         
p>ticul>ly ^? :i* are some:at wet1 be   
plac$ at ! bottom ( ! s]ies1 ! air w    
become s *>g$ ) moi/ure f !m t ! upp]   
lay]s may = a "t actually absorb ?is    
moi/ure & ?us take long] to dry4        
,besides ?is1 !y w surely lose "s ( _!  
flavor+ +r$i5ts--! v ?+s :i* x is desir$
 to save4  ,no ef=t %\ld be made to ha/5
 ! dry+ process by increas+ !           
temp]ature1 s9ce ?is is likely to result
 z j m5tion$4 ,a p]sonal exp]i5ce may   
tea* ! read] a lesson4 ,i once _h a l>ge
 am\nt ( p>sley to cure & ?\ght to      
exp$ite matt]s by us+ ! ov5 ( a gas     
/ove4 ,suffice x to tell t ! :ole       
quantity 0 ru9$1 n a p9* 0 sav$4 ,9     
spite ( ! close/ regulation ! heat grew 
too great & ! flavor 0 lit]ally cook$   
out ( ! leaves4 ,! delicate oil saturat$
 ev]y?+ 9 ! h\se1 & = a week or m ! :ole
 place smell$ z if *ick5 fricassee 0 be+
 made ^u a :olesale plan4  ,except z    
g>ni%es1 h]bs are probably m frequ5tly  

us$ 9 a dry /ate ?an 9 all o!r ways put 
toge!r4 ,p]haps ?is is because ! me?od (
 prep>+ !m seems simpl] ?an t (         
infusion1 because l>ge quantities may be
 kept 9 small spaces1 & because !y c be 
us$ = e purpose t ! fre% plants or !    
decoctions c be employ$4 ,9 g5]al1      
h[ev]1 !y are call$ into requisition    
pr9cipally 9 dress+s1 s\ps1 /ews &      
sauces 9 :i* _! p>ticles are n consid]$ 
objectionable4 ,if cle> sauces or s\ps  
are desir$1 ! dri$ h]bs may /ill be us$ 
to imp>t ! flavor1 _! p>ticles be+      
remov$ by /ra9+4  ,! me?od ( prep>+     
dill1 anise1 c>away & o!r h]bs ^: se$ is
 us$1 diff]s f t employ$ ) ! foliage    
h]bs ma9ly 9 ! rip5ess ( ! plants4 ,^!  
mu/ be ga!r$ z soon z !y %[ signs (     
maturity b be=e ! se$s are ready to drop
 f !m4 ,9 all ?is "w especial c>e mu/ be
 paid to ! details ( clean+4 ,= a pleas+
 appe>ance ! se$ heads mu/ be ga!r$ be=e
 !y become ! lea/ bit wea!r-beat54 ,?is 
is z ess5tial z to h ! se$ ripe4 ,next1 
! se$ mu/ be p]fectly clean1 free f     

*aff1 bits ( brok5 /ems & o!r debris4   
,mu* dep5ds ^u ! mann] ( h&l+ z well z  
^u h>ve/+4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 9 ?re%+ to  
avoid bruis+ ! se$s1 p>ticul>ly ! oily  
ones1 by p\nd+ too h>d or by tramp+ ^u  
!m4 ,?re%+ %\ld nev] be done 9 damp     
wea!r2 always :5 ! air is v dry4  ,9    
cle> wea!r aft] ! dew has disappe>$ !   
approximately ripe plants or se$ heads  
mu/ be h>ve/$ & spread ?9ly--nev] pack$ 
firmly--^u /\t clo? su* z tick+1        
sailclo?1 or factory cotton4 ,a w>m1 op5
 %$ :]e ! air circulates freely is an   
admirable place1 s9ce ! natural         
temp]ature ( ! air is suffici5t 9 ! case
 ( se$s to br+ ab\t good results4       
,usually 9 less ?an a week ! tops w h   
become dry en\gh to be beat5 out ) a    
light flail or a rod4 ,9 ?is op]ation   
great c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid bruis+ or
 o!rwise injur+ ! se$4 ,! beat+ %\ld    
!re=e be done 9 a %eet spread ^u a lawn 
or at lea/ ^u %ort grass4 ,! =ce ( !    
bl[s w ?us be less5$ & bruis+ avoid$4   
,= clean+ h]b se$s sieves 9 all sizes f 

,no4 #b to ,no4 #dj are ne$$4 ,! sizes  
repres5t v>i\s f95esses ( me%4 ,all     
above ,no4 #h %\ld be ( brass wire1     
because brass is consid]ably m durable &
 less likely to ru/ ?an iron4 ,! clo?s  
^u :i* ! h]bs are spread %\ld be z l>ge 
z ! floor ^u :i* ! ?re%+ is to be done  
except :5 ! floor is )\t cracks1 b x is 
m conv5i5t to use clo?s always1 because 
!y facilitate h&l+ & tempor>y /or+4     
,light cotton duck is p]haps be/1 b !   
weave mu/ be close4 ,a conv5i5t size is 
#aj x #aj feet4  ,aft] ! /alks h be5    
remov$ ! se$ %\ld be all[$ to rema9 =   
sev]al days long] 9 a v ?9 lay]--! ?9n] 
! bett]--& turn$ e day to remove ! la/  
ve/ige ( moi/ure4 ,x w be ev5 bett] /ill
 to h ! dry+ %eet susp5d$ s air may     
circulate bel[ z well z above ! se$4 ,n 
less ?an a week = ! smalle/ se$s & d\ble
 t "t = ! l>g] ones is necess>y4 ,to    
avoid loss or injury x is imp]ative t ! 
se$ be dry be=e x is put 9 ! /orage     
packages4 ,( c\rse1 if infusions are to 
be made all ?is is unnecess>y2 ! se$ may

 be put 9 ! liquor z soon z ! brok5     
/ems1 etc4 are remov$ subsequ5t to      
?re%+4   ,,h]bs ,,z ,,g>ni%es  ,z       
g>ni%es sev]al ( ! cul9>y h]bs are      
especially valuable4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly 
true ( p>sley1 :i* is probably m widely 
us$ ?an any o!r plant1 its only close   
rivals be+ wat]cress & lettuce1 :i*1    
h[ev]1 are g5]ally inf]ior to x 9       
delicacy ( t9t & =m ( foliage1 ! two    
c>d9al virtues ( a g>ni%4  ,p>sley      
v>ieties belong to ?ree pr9cipal gr\ps1 
bas$ ^u ! =m ( ! foliage3 7#a7 ,pla9    
v>ieties1 9 :i* ! leaves are ne>ly z !y 
are 9 nature2 7#b7 moss-curl$ v>ieties 9
 :i* !y are curi\sly & pleas+ly         
contort$2 & 7#c7 f]n leav$1 9 :i* !     
foliage is n curl$1 b mu* divid$ into   
?readlike p>ts4  ,! moss-curl$ v>ieties 
are f> m popul> ?an ! o!r two gr\ps put 
toge!r & are ! only ones us$ especially 
z g>ni%es ) meat di%es 9 ! hotels &     
re/aurants ( ! l>ge cities4 ,!          
pla9-leav$ sorts _c be comp>$ 9 any way 
except 9 flavor ) ! v>ieties ( ! o!r    

gr\ps4 ,b ! f]n-leav$ k9ds1 :i*         
un=tunately h n become comm]cially well 
kn[n1 surpass ev5 ! f9e/ v>ieties ( !   
moss-curl$ gr\p1 n only 9 _! exquisite &
 delicate =m1 b 9 _! rem>kably ri*1     
d>k-gre5 color+ & bl5d+ ( light & %ade4 
,b ! m]e fact t ^! v>ieties are n kn[n 9
 ! cities %\ld n preclude _! popul>ity 9
 suburban & t[n g>d5s & 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e 
e h\sehold] is mon>* ( 8 own soil & c   
satisfy v _m /hetic & gu/atory desires  
)\t ref]5ce to m>ket dictum1 t bane     
alike ( ! m>ket g>d5] & 8 cu/om]4       
,sev]al o!r h]bs--tansy1 savory1 ?yme1  
m>joram1 basil1 & balm--make pretty     
g>ni%es1 b s9ce !y are n usually        
consid]$ s pleasant to nibble at1 !y are
 r>ely us$4 ,! pleas+ effect ( any g>ni%
 may be height5$ by add+ "h & !re a few 
h]b fl[]s su* z ?yme or savory4 ,o!r    
fl[]s may be us$ 9 ! same way2 =        
in/ance1 na/urtium4  ,!re is no reason  
:y h]bs s us$ %\ld n be employ$ sev]al  
times ov]1 & aft]w>ds dri$ or bottl$ 9  
v9eg> if !y be free f gravy1 oils1 fats1

 etc41 & if 9 suffici5t quantity to make
 su* a use wor? :ile4 ,o!r pretty       
g>ni%es :i* are easily obta9$ are corn  
salad1 pepp]grass1 mu/>d1 f5nel1 & "y   
leaves ( c>rot4 ,b surpass+ all ^! 9    
pleas+ & novel effects are ! curl$1 p9k1
 r$ & :ite-leav$ v>ieties ( *icory &    
na/urtium fl[]s alone or re/+ ^u p>sley 
or o!r delicate foliage4 ,s mu* by way (
 digression4   ,,propagation  ,,se$s    
,illu/ration3 ,flat ( ,se$l+s ,ready to 
,be ,transplant$  ,mo/ h]bs may be      
readily propagat$ by means ( se$s4 ,"s1 
h[ev]1 su* z t>ragon1 :i* does n produce
 se$1 & sev]al o!r p]5nial k9ds1 are    
propagat$ by division1 lay]s1 or cutt+s4
 ,9 g5]al1 propagation by means ( se$ is
 consid]$ mo/ satisfactory4 ,s9ce ! se$s
 9 _m in/ances are small or are sl[ to  
g]m9ate1 !y are usually s[n 9 %all[     
boxes or se$ pans4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are l>ge
 en\gh to be h&l$ !y are transplant$ to 
small pots or some:at deep] flats or    
boxes1 a c\ple ( in*es be+ all[$ betwe5 
! plants4 ,:5 conditions are favorable 9

 ! g>d52 t is1 :5 ! soil is moi/ & w>m &
 ! season has become settl$1 ! plantlets
 may be remov$ to p]man5t qu>t]s4  ,if !
 se$ be s[n out ( doors1 x is a good    
practice to s[ a few radi% se$s 9 ! same
 r[ ) ! h]b se$s1 p>ticul>ly if ^! latt]
 take a long "t to g]m9ate or are v     
small1 z m>joram1 savory & ?yme4 ,!     
v>iety ( radi% *os5 %\ld be a           
turnip-root$ sort ( exce$+ly rapid gr[?1
 & ) few & small leaves4 ,! radi%es s]ve
 to m>k ! r[s & ?us enable cultivation  
to comm5ce mu* e>li] ?an if ! h]bs 7 s[n
 alone4 ,!y %\ld be pull$ e>ly--! e>li] 
! bett] aft] ! h]b plantlets appe>4     
,nev] %\ld ! radi%es be all[$ to cr[d ! 
h]bs4  ,by ! n>ration ( a little        
incid5t1 ,i may illu/rate ! necessity ( 
s[+ ^! radi% se$s ?9ly4 ,hav+ expla9$ to
 "s juv5ile g>d5]s t ! radi% se$s %\ld  
be dropp$ s f> ap>t among ! o!r se$s t  
!y w\ld look lonesome 9 ! bottoms ( !   
r[s--n m ?an six se$s to ! foot--& hav+ 
illu/rat$ my mean+ by s[+ a r[ myself1  
,i let ea* "o take 8 turn at s[+4 ,:ile 

,i wat*$ !m all w5t well4 ,b1 alas1 =   
precept & example6 ,to judge by ! g5]al 
result aft] ! plants 7 up1 ! se$sman    
might ju/ifiably h gu>ante$ ! se$ to    
g]m9ate ab\t #ejj p] c5t1 because ea*   
boy decl>$ t he s[$ 8 r[s ?9ly4         
,nev]!less1 !re 0 a /& ( radi%es t w\ld 
h gladd5$ ! he>t ( a lawn mak]6 ,! r[s  
look$ l regim5ts drawn up 9 close ord] &
 n1 z 0 desir$1 m]ely l9es ( scatt]$    
skirmi%]s4 ,9 _m places !re 7 m ?an #ajj
 to ! foot6 ,=tunately ! v>iety 0 a     
quick-matur+ k9d & ! crop1 = su* x      
became1 0 h>ve/$ be=e any damage 0 done 
! sl[-appe>+ se$l+s1 ^: positions !     
radi%es 7 int5d$ to indicate4   ,,cutt+s
  ,illu/ration3 ,glass-,cov]$ ,propagat+
 ,box  ,no h]bs are s easy to propagate 
by means ( cutt+s z spe>m9t1 pepp]m9t1 &
 _! relatives :i* h und]gr\nd /ems4 ,e  
jo9t ( ^! /ems w produce a new plant if 
plac$ 9 some:at moi/ soil4 ,(t51 h[ev]1 
?is ability is a disadvantage1 because !
 plants are prone to spread & become a  
nuisance unless wat*$4 ,h5ce su* plants 

%\ld be plac$ :]e !y w n h _! roots cut 
by tools us$ close to !m4 ,:5 !y seem to
 be ext5d+1 _! bord]s %\ld be trimm$ ) a
 %>p spade pu%$ v]tically full dep? into
 ! soil & all ! e>? beyond ! clump ?us  
re/rict$ %\ld be %ak5 out ) a g>d5 =k & 
! cut pieces ( m9t remov$4 ,fur!r1 !    
=k$-ov] gr\nd %\ld be ho$ e week dur+ ! 
rema9d] ( ! season1 to de/roy lurk+     
plantlets4  ,! o!r p]5nial & bi5nial    
h]bs may be readily propagat$ by means (
 /em cutt+s or slips1 :i* are g5]ally z 
easy to manage z v]b5as1 g]aniums & o!r 
h\se plants4 ,! cutt+s may be made (    
ei!r fully rip5$ wood ( ! prec$+ or !   
curr5t season1 or !y may be ( firm1 n   
succul5t gre5 /ems4 ,aft] trimm+ (f all 
b a few ( ! upp] leaves1 :i* %\ld be    
clipp$ to r$uce transpiration1 !        
cutt+s--nev] m ?an #d or #e in*es       
long--%\ld be plung$ ne>ly full dep? 9  
well-%ad$1 r light1 por\s1 well-dra9$   
loam :]e !y %\ld rema9 undi/urb$ until  
!y %[ evid5ces ( gr[?4 ,!n !y may be    
transplant$4 ,:ile 9 ! cutt+ b$ !y mu/  

nev] be all[$ to become dry4 ,?is is    
especially true ( gre5wood cutt+s made  
dur+ ! summ]4 ,^! %\ld always h !       
coole/1 %adie/ corn] 9 ! g>d54 ,! cutt+s
 tak5 9 ! spr+ %\ld be set 9 ! g>d5 z   
soon z root$2 b ! summ] cutt+s1         
especially if tak5 late1 %\ld g5]ally be
 left 9 _! b$s until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,!y 
may1 h[ev]1 be remov$ = w9t] use to w9d[
 boxes or ! gre5h\se b5*es4             
,illu/ration3 ,fl[] ,pot ,propagat+ ,b$ 
,(t5 ! plants gr[n 9 w9d[ boxes may     
supply ! e>ly cutt+s1 :i* may be root$ 9
 ! h\se4 ,:]e a gre5h\se is available1 a
 few plants may be transplant$ 9 autumn 
ei!r f ! g>d5 or f ! b$ ( summ] cutt+s j
 m5tion$1 kept 9 a r cool temp]ature    
dur+ ! w9t] & drawn ^u = cutt+s z ! /ems
 become suffici5tly mature4 ,! root+ may
 take place 9 a regul> cutt+ b5*1 or x  
may occur 9 ! soil out ( doors1 !       
plantlets be+ transplant$ to pots z soon
 z !y h root$ well4  ,if a l>ge numb] ( 
plants is desir$1 a hotb$ may be call$  
into requisition 9 e>ly spr+ & ! plants 

h>d5$ (f 9 cold frames z ! season       
advances4 ,h>d5+ (f is ess5tial ) all   
plants gr[n "u glass = outdoor plant+1  
because unless ! plants be inur$ to     
outside temp]atures be=e be+ plac$ 9 !  
op5 gr\nd1 !y w probably suff] a *eck1  
if !y d n succumb :olly to ! unaccu/om$ 
conditions4 ,if well manag$ !y %\ld be  
injur$ n at all4   ,,lay]s  ,sev]al ( ! 
p]5nial h]bs1 su* z sage1 savory1 &     
?yme1 may be easily propagat$ by means (
 lay]s1 ! /ems be+ pegg$ d[n & cov]$    
lightly ) e>?4 ,if ! moi/ure & !        
temp]ature be favorable1 roots %\ld be  
=m$ 9 ?ree or f\r weeks & ! /em sep>at$ 
f ! p>5t & plant$4 ,(t5 !re may be      
sev]al bran*es ^u ! /em1 & ea* ( ^! may 
be us$ z a new plantlet provid$ x has "s
 roots or a root$ "p ( ! ma9 /em atta*$ 
to x4 ,by ?is me?od ,i h obta9$ ne>ly   
#ajj root$ plants f a s+le specim5 (    
,holt's ,mammo? sage gr[n 9 a gre5h\se4 
,& f ! same plant at ! same "t ,i h tak5
 m ?an #ajj cutt+s4 ,?is is n an        
exceptional feat ) ?is v>iety1 ! plants 

( :i* are v bran*y & (t5 exce$ a y>d 9  
diamet]4  ,lay]+ is probably ! simple/ &
 mo/ satisfactory me?od ( artificial    
propagation "u ord9>y conditions1 s9ce !
 /ems are almo/ sure to take root if    
undi/urb$ long en\gh2 & s9ce root$      
plants c h>dly fail to gr[ if prop]ly   
transplant$4 ,!n1 too1 less app>5t "t is
 tak5 ?an ) plants gr[n f cutt+s & f>   
less ?an ) ^? gr[n f se$4 ,9 o!r words1 
!y g5]ally produce a crop soon] ?an !   
plants obta9$ by ! o!r me?ods set 9     
op]ation at ! same "t4   ,,division     
,division ( ! clumps ( su* h]bs z m9t is
 (t5 practic$1 a %>p spade or a lawn    
edg] be+ us$ to cut ! clump into pieces 
ab\t #f in*es squ>e4 ,! squ>es are !n   
plac$ 9 new qu>t]s & pack$ firmly 9     
place ) soil4 ,?is me?od is1 h[ev]1 !   
lea/ satisfactory ( all m5tion$1 because
 x too frequ5tly deprives ! plants ( a  
l>ge am\nt ( roots1 ?us impairs ! gr[?1 
& dur+ ! fir/ season or two may result 9
 unsymmetrical clumps4 ,if done 9 e>ly  
spr+ be=e gr[? />ts1 lea/ damage is done

 to ! plants4  ,illu/ration3 ,holt's    
,mammo? & ,common ,sage ,ab\t ,half     
,natural ,size  ,artificial me?ods (    
propagation1 especially ^? ( cuttage &  
lay]age1 h ! fur!r advantage ov]        
propagation by means ( se$s1 9 !        
p]petuation ( desir$ *>act]s (          
individual plants1 "o or m ( :i* may    
appe> 9 any plantation4 ,^!1 p>ticul>ly 
if m productive ?an ! o!rs1 %\ld always 
be utiliz$ z /ock1 n m]ely because _!   
prog5y artificially obta9$ are likely to
 reta9 ! "* & ?us probably increase !   
yield ( ! plantation1 b pr9cipally      
because !y may =m ! nucleus ( a *oice   
/ra94  ,illu/ration3 ,m>k] = ,hotb$s &  
,cold ,frames  ,except 9 ! respects     
m5tion$1 ^! me?ods ( propagation are n  
notably sup]ior to propagation by means 
( good se$1 :i*1 by ! way1 is n         
ov]abundant4 ,by ! consumption ( a      
little extra "t1 any desir$ numb] (     
plants may be obta9$ f se$4 ,at any     
rate1 se$ is :at "o mu/ />t ) 9 ne>ly e 
case4   ,,transplant+  ,no m c>e is     

requir$ 9 transplant+ h]bs ?an 9 resett+
 o!r plants1 b unless a few ess5tials   
are realiz$ 9 practice ! results are    
sure to be unsatisfactory4 ,( c\rse1 !  
ideal way is to gr[ ! plants 9 small    
fl[] pots & :5 !y h =m$ a ball ( roots1 
to set !m 9 ! g>d54 ,! next be/ is to   
gr[ !m 9 se$ pans or flats 7%all[ boxes7
 9 :i* !y %\ld be set sev]al in*es ap>t 
z soon z l>ge en\gh to h&le1 & 9 :i* !y 
%\ld be all[$ to gr[ = a few weeks1 to  
=m a mass ( roots4 ,:5 ^! plants are to 
be set 9 ! g>d5 !y %\ld be brok5 ap>t by
 h& ) z little loss ( roots z possible4 
,illu/ration3 ,lead+ ,=ms ( ,tr[els  ,b 
:]e nei!r ( ^! plans c be practic$1 z 9 
! gr[+ ( ! plants 9 little nurs]y b$s1  
ei!r 9 hotb$s1 cold frames or 9 ! g>d5  
bord]1 ! plants %\ld be prick$ out1 t   
is1 transplant$ :ile v small to a second
 nurs]y b$1 9 ord] to make !m /ocky or  
/urdy & bett] able to take c>e (        
!mselves :5 remov$ to f9al qu>t]s4 ,if  
?is be done !re %\ld be no ne$ ( clipp+ 
back ! tops to balance an excessive loss

 ( roots1 a necessity 9 case ! plants   
are n s treat$1 or 9 case !y become l>ge
 or lanky 9 ! second b$4  ,9 all cases x
 is be/ to transplant :5 ! gr\nd is     
moi/1 z x is imm$iately aft] be+ dug or 
pl[$4 ,b ?is _c always be arrang$1 nei!r
 c "o always c\nt ^u a %[] to moi/5 !   
soil j aft] ! plants h be5 set4 ,if     
advantage c be tak5 ( an approa*+       
ra9fall1 x %\ld be done1 because ?is is 
! ideal "t = transplant+4 ,x is mu*     
bett] ?an imm$iately aft]1 :i* is p]haps
 next be/4 ,transplant+ 9 cl\dy wea!r & 
t[>d ev5+ is bett] ?an 9 sunny wea!r & 9
 ! morn+4  ,s9ce ! wea!r is prone to be 
coy1 if n fickle1 ! manual "p (         
transplant+ %\ld always be prop]ly done4
 ,! plants %\ld always be tak5 up ) z   
little loss ( roots z possible1 be kept 
expos$ to ! air z %ort a "t z possible1 
& :5 set 9 ! gr\nd h ! soil pack$ firmly
 ab\t _! roots1 s firmly t ! op]ator may
 ?9k x is almo/ too firm4 ,aft] sett+1 !
 surface soil %\ld be made loose1 s z to
 act z a mul* & prev5t ! loss ( moi/ure 

f ! pack$ l[] lay]4 ,if ! gr\nd be dry a
 hole may be made beside ! plant & fill$
 ) wat]--,,lots ,,( ,,wat]--& :5 x has  
soak$ away & ! soil seems to be dry+1 ! 
surface %\ld be made smoo? & loose z    
already m5tion$4 ,if possible su* times 
%\ld be avoid$1 because ( ! extra "w    
entail$ & ! probable increas$ loss due  
to ! unfavorable conditions4            
,,implem5ts  ,:5 h]bs are gr[n ^u a     
comm]cial scale ! implem5ts ne$$ w be ! 
same z = g5]al truck+--pl[s1 h>r[s1     
we$]1 etc4--to fit ! soil = ! h& tools4 
,mu* labor c be sav$ by us+ h&-:eel     
drills1 cultivators1 we$]s & ! o!r tools
 t h become s wond]fully popul> )9 ! pa/
 decade or two4 ,"s typical k9ds are %[n
 9 ^! pages4 ,^! implem5ts are          
indisp5sable 9 keep+ ! surface soil     
loose & free f we$s1 especially betwe5 !
 r[s & ev5 fairly close to ! plants4 ,9 
do+ ?is !y save an imm5se am\nt ( labor 
& "t1 s9ce !y c be us$ ) bo? h&s & !    
muscles ( ! body ) less ex]tion ?an !   
hoe & ! rake require4  ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c  

take ! place ( ! h& tools = gett+ among 
& ar\nd ! plants4 ,! "w t we$+ entails  
is tiresome1 b mu/ be done if success is
 to cr[n ones ef=ts4 ,:ile ! plants are 
little "s ( ! we$]s may be us$4 ,^? ) a 
blade or a s]ies ( blades are adapt$ =  
cutt+ we$s (f close to ! surface2 ^? )  
prongs are useful only = mak+ ! soil    
loose clos] to ! plants ?an ! rake d>e  
be run by ! av]age man4 ,hoes ( v>i\s   
types are useful :5 ! plants become     
some:at l>g] or :5 "o does n h ! :eel   
cultivators4 ,9 all well-regulat$ g>d5s 
!re %\ld be a little lib]al selection ( 
! v>i\s :eel & h& tools4  ,only "o ( !  
h& tools dem&s any special comm5t4 ,_m  
g>d5]s l to use a dibble = transplant+4 
,) ?is tool x is s easy to make a hole1 
& to press ! soil aga9/ ! plant dropp$ 9
 t hole6 ,b ,i believe t _m ( ! failures
 9 transplant+ result f ! improp] use ( 
?is tool4 ,unless ! dibble be prop]ly   
op]at$ ! plant may be left susp5d$ 9 a  
hole1 ! sides ( :i* are m or less h>d & 
imp]vi\s to ! t9y1 t5d] rootlets t /rive

 to p5etrate !m4 ,f my own obs]vation ( 
! use ( ?is tool1 ,i believe t ! prop]  
place = ! dibble 9 ! novices g>d5 is 9 !
 attic1 side by side ) ! unload$ %otgun1
 :]e x may be view$ ) appreh5sion4      
,illu/ration3 ,wood5 ,dibbles  ,9 spite 
( ?is w>n+1 if anyone is h>dy en\gh to  
use a dibble1 let him *oose ! flat /yle1
 n ! r\nd "o4 ,! prop] way is to ?ru/ ! 
tool /raight d[n1 at "r angles to !     
direction ( ! r[1 & press ! soil back & 
=? ) ! flat side ( ! blade until a hole1
 say #b or #c in*es across & #e or #f   
in*es deep1 has be5 =m$4 ,9 ! hole !    
plantlet %\ld !n be susp5d$ s all !     
roots & a little ( ! /em b5ea? ! surface
 w be cov]$ :5 ! soil is replac$4       
,replac+ ! soil is ! important "p ( !   
op]ation4 ,! dibble mu/ n[ be ?ru/ 9 !  
soil aga91 p>allel & close to ! hole1 & 
! soil pu%$ ov] s ! hole w be completely
 clos$ f bottom to top4 ,firm+ ! soil   
completes ! op]ation4  ,!re is mu* less 
dang] ( leav+ a hole ) ! flat ?an ) !   
r\nd dibble1 :i* is almo/ sure to leave 

a hole b5ea? ! plant4 ,i rememb] hav+   
tr\ble ) "s lily plants :i* 7 n ?riv+4  
,suppos+ t insects 7 at ! roots1 ,i     
c>efully drew ! e>? away f "o side1 &   
f\nd t ! e>? _h n be5 br\ght up c>efully
 b5ea? ! bulbs & t ! roots 7 hang+ #d or
 #e in*es b5ea? ! bulbs 9 ! hole left by
 ! dibble & n prop]ly clos$ by ! c>eless
 g>d5]4  ,i !re=e w>n e dibble us] to be
 sure to cr[d ov] ! soil well1          
especially at ! l[] end ( ! hole4 ,= my 
own "p1 ,i rely ^u my h&s4 ,digits exi/$
 long be=e dibbles & !y are mu* m       
reliable4 ,:at matt] if "s soil /icks to
 !m2 x is n unresponsive to ! woo+ (    
wat]6   ,,location ,,( ,,h]b ,,g>d5  ,9 
g5]al1 ! mo/ favorable exposure = an h]b
 g>d5 is t[>d ! s\?1 b lack+ su* an     
exposure %\ld n det] "o f plant+ h]bs on
 a nor!rn slope if ?is be ! only site   
available4 ,inde$1 su* sites (t5 prove  
rem>kably good if o!r conditions are    
propiti\s & prop] att5tion is giv5 !    
plants4 ,simil>ly1 a smoo?1 g5tly slop+ 
surface is especially desirable1 b ev5 9

 g>d5s 9 :i* ! gr\nd is almo/ bill[y !  
g>d5] may (t5 take advantage ( !        
irregul>ities by plant+ ! moi/ure-lov+  
plants 9 ! holl[s & ^? t l dry          
situations ^u ! ridges4 ,no?+ l turn+   
disadvantages to acc\nt6  ,no matt] :at 
! nature ( ! surface & ! exposure1 x is 
always advisable to give ! h]bs ! mo/   
sunny spots 9 ! g>d51 places :]e %ade f 
trees1 b>ns1 o!r build+s & f f5ces _c   
rea* !m4 ,?is is sugge/$ because !      
developm5t ( ! oils1 ^u :i* ! flavor+ ( 
mo/ ( ! h]bs ma9ly dep5ds1 is be/ 9 full
 sun%9e & ! plants h m sub/ance ?an :5  
gr[n 9 ! %ade4  ,illu/ration3           
,comb9ation ,h& ,pl[1 ,h>r[1 ,cultivator
 & ,se$ ,drill   ,,! ,,soil ,,& ,,its   
,,prep>ation  ,z to ! k9d ( soil1       
,hobson's *oice ranks fir/6 ,x is n     
necess>y to move into ! next c\nty j to 
h an h]b g>d54 ,?is is "o ( ! cases 9   
:i* ! g>d5] may well make ! be/ ( h[ev] 
bad a b>ga9 he has4  ,b suppos+ t a     
selection be possible1 a light s&y loam1
 und]laid by a por\s subsoil s z to be  

well dra9$1 %\ld be giv5 ! pref]5ce1    
s9ce x is w>m$ quickly1 easily work$1 & 
may be /irr$ e>ly 9 ! season & aft] a   
ra94 ,clay loams are less desirable ^u e
 "o ( ! po9ts m5tion$1 & v s&y soils    
also4 ,b if ,hobson has "o ( ^!1 !re w  
be an excell5t opportunity to cultivate 
philosophy z well z h]bs4 ,& ! g>d5] may
 be agreeably surpris$ at ! results     
obta9$4 ,no h>m 9 try+6 ,:atev] !       
quality ( ! soil1 x %\ld n be v ri*1    
because 9 su* soils ! gr[? is apt to be 
rank & ! quantity ( oil small 9         
proportion to ! leafage4  ,! prep>ation 
( ! soil %\ld comm5ce z soon z ! grass 9
 ! neighborhood is se5 to be spr\t+4    
,well-decay$ manure %\ld be spread at ! 
rate ( n less ?an a bu%el nor m ?an     
d\ble t quantity to ! squ>e y>d1 & z    
soon z ! soil is dry en\gh to crumble   
readily x %\ld be dug or pl[$ z deeply z
 possible )\t br++ up ! subsoil4 ,?is   
op]ation ( turn+ ov] ! soil %\ld be     
?or\ghly p]=m$1 ! e>? be+ pulv]iz$ z mu*
 z possible4 ,to accompli% ?is no h&    

tool surpasses ! spad+ =k4  ,"o o!r     
me?od is1 h[ev]1 sup]ior especially :5  
practic$ ^u ! heavi] soils--fall pl[+ or
 digg+4 ,9 practic+ ?is me?od c>e %\ld  
be tak5 to pl[ late :5 ! soil1 moi/5$ by
 autumn ra9s1 w naturally come up 9 big 
lumps4 ,^! lumps mu/ be left undi/urb$  
dur+ ! w9t] = fro/ to act ^u4 ,all t w  
be necess>y 9 ! spr+ w be to rake or    
h>r[ ! gr\nd4 ,! clods w crumble4       
,illu/ration3 ,surface ,p>+ ,cultivator 
,i once _h occasion to try ?is me?od ^u 
ab\t #be acres ( l& :i* _h be5 made by  
pump+ mud f a riv] bottom ^u a m>% ?us  
conv]t$ into dry gr\nd by ! s$im5tation4
 ,?ree /urdy horses 7 ne$$ to d ! pl[+4 
,! e>? turn$ up 9 *unks z l>ge z a man's
 body4 ,contr>y to my pl[man's d\bts &  
pr$ictions1 ,jack ,fro/ did a gr& mill+ 
bus9ess t w9t]6 ,clods t c\ld h>dly be  
brok5 9 ! autumn ) a sl$ge hamm] crumbl$
 d[n 9 ! spr+ at ! t\* ( a g>d5 rake6   
,,cultivation  ,hav+ ?or\ghly f9$ !     
surface ( ! g>d5 by h>r[+ & rak+1 ! se$s
 may be s[n or ! plants transplant$ z   

already not$4 ,f ?is "t =w>d ! surface  
mu/ be kept loose & op5 by surface      
cultivation e week or #aj days & aft] e 
%[] t =ms a cru/1 until ! plants cov] ! 
:ole gr\nd4 ,?is frequ5t cultivation is 
n m]ely = ! purpose ( keep+ ! we$s 9    
*eck2 x is a necess>y op]ation to keep !
 imm$iate surface lay] p[d]y1 9 :i*     
condition x w act z a mul* to prev5t !  
loss ( wat] f ! l[] soil lay]s4 ,:5 kept
 9 p]fect condition by frequ5t /irr+ !  
imm$iate surface %\ld be p[d]y4 ,yes1   
p[d]y6 ,)9 #a in* ( ! surface1 h[ev]1 ! 
color w be d>k] f ! pres5ce ( moi/ure4  
,:5 suppli$ ) su* conditions1 failures  
mu/ be attribut$ to o!r causes ?an lack 
( wat]4   ,,d\ble ,,cropp+  ,:5 desir$1 
h]bs may be us$ z second>y crops to     
foll[ su* e>ly vegetables z e>ly cabbage
 & peas2 or1 if likely to be ne$$ /ill  
e>li]1 aft] radi%es1 transplant$ lettuce
 & onions gr[n f sets4 ,^! prim>y crops1
 hav+ rea*$ m>ketable size1 are remov$1 
! gr\nd /irr$ & ! h]b plants transplant$
 f nurs]y b$s or cold frames4           

,illu/ration3 ,?9n+ ,s*eme = ,h>ve/+    
,(t5 ! pr9cipal h]bs--sage1 savory1     
m>joram & ?yme--are set close toge!r1   
bo? ! r[s & ! plants 9 !m be+ ne>] ?an  
recomm5d$ fur!r on4 ,! object ( su*     
practice is to get sev]al crops 9 !     
foll[+ way3 ,:5 ! plants 9 ! r[s comm5ce
 to cr[d "o ano!r ea* alt]nate plant is 
remov$ & sold or cur$4 ,?is may p]haps  
be done a second "t4 ,!n :5 ! r[s beg9  
to cr[d1 ea* alt]nate r[ is remov$ & !  
rema9d] all[$ to develop m fully4 ,!    
*ief advantages ( ?is practice are n    
only t sev]al crops may be ga!r$1 b ea* 
plant1 be+ suppli$ ) pl5ty ( room &     
light1 w h few] yell[ or dead leaves ?an
 :5 cr[d$4 ,9 ! diagram ! numb]s %[ :i* 
plants are remov$ fir/1 second1 ?ird &  
la/4   ,,h]b ,,relation%ips  ,^? read]s 
:o delight to delve among p$igrees1     
g5ealogies & family connections1 may    
p]haps be a little disappo9t$ to le>n t1
 9 spite ( ! odor\s nature ( ! h]bs1 !re
 are none ^: hi/ory reveals a skeleton 9
 ! closet4 ,!y are all h>mless4 ,n[ &   

!n1 to be sure1 !re occur records ( a   
seem+ly compromis+ nature1 su* z !      
effects attribut$ to ! eat+ or ev5 !    
h&l+ ( cel]y2 b su* acc\nts1 h>r[+ z !y 
may appe>1 are insuffici5t to w>rant a  
b> s9i/]4 ,inde$1 n only is ! mass (    
evid5ce 9 favor ( ! def5dant1 b x ca/s a
 reflection ^u ! cr$ibility ( !         
pla9tiff1 :o may usually be %[n to h    
indulg$ immod]ately1 to h be5 fright5$  
by halluc9ations or ev5 to h arraign$ ! 
innoc5t = 8 own guilt4 ,c]ta9 x is t !re
 is n "o ( ! sweet h]bs m5tion$ 9 ?is   
volumes t has n long enjoy$ a m or less 
honor$ place 9 ! cuis9e ( all !         
cont95ts1 & ?is 9 spite ( ! occasional  
toot+s ( "s w\ld-be detractor4  ,l ^?   
classes ( society t _c move ) ! f\r     
hundr$1 ! h]bs are v exclusive1 m       
exclusive inde$1 ?an _! sup]iors1 ! o!r 
vegetables4 ,v few memb]s h !y admitt$ t
 d n belong to two approv$ families1 &  
su* unrelat$ ones z d rea* ! *>m$       
circles mu/ fir/ prove _! wor?9ess & !n 
hold _! places by intr9sic m]it4        

,illu/ration3 ,c5t] ,r[ ,h& ,cultivator 
,^! two cot]ies are kn[n z ! ,labiat & !
 ,umbellif]1 ! =m] includ+ ! sages1 m9ts
 & _! connections2 ! latt] ! p>sleys &  
_! relatives4 ,) ! exception ( t>ragon1 
:i* belongs to ! ,composit1 p>sley & a  
few ( its relatives :i* h des]t$ _! own 
ranks1 all ! important leaf h]bs belong 
to ! ,labiat2 & )\t a notable exception 
all ! h]bs ^: se$s are us$ = flavor+    
belong to ! ,umbellif]4 ,f5nel-fl[]1 :i*
 belongs to ! natural ord] ,ranunculace1
 or cr[foot family1 is a c&idate =      
admission to ! se$ sodality2 co/m>y &   
s\!rnwood ( ! ,composit seek memb]%ip ) 
! leaf faction2 rue ( ! ,rutace & tansy 
( ! ,composit1 9 spite ( susp5sion = _! 
boldness & ill-bre$+1 occasionally =ce  
_! way back into ! doma9 ( ! leaf h]bs4 
,m>igold1 a composite1 =ms a clique by  
itself1 ! mo/ exclusive club ( all4 ,x  
has admitt$ no memb]s6 ,& !re seem to be
 no c&idates4  ,! important memb]s ( !  
,labiat are3    ,sage 7,salvia          
(fic9alis1 ,l9n474   ,savory 7,satureia 

hort5sis1 ,l9n474   ,savory1 w9t]       
7,satureia montana1 ,l9n474   ,?yme     
7,?ymus vulg>is1 ,l9n474   ,m>joram     
7,origanum ,m>joram2 ,o4 ,onites1 ,l9n42
 &      ,m4 vulg>e1 ,l9n474   ,balm     
7,melissa (fic9alis1 ,l9n474   ,basil   
7,ocimum ,basilicum1 ,l9n41 & ,o4       
m9imum1 ,l9n474   ,spe>m9t 7,m5?a       
spicata1 ,l9n41 or ,m4 viridis1 ,l9n474 
,pepp]m9t 7,m5?a ,pip]ita1 ,l9n474      
,rosem>y 7,rosm>9us (fic9alis1 ,l9n474  
,cl>y 7,salvia ,scl>ea1 ,l9n474         
,p5nyroyal 7,m5?a ,pulegium1 ,l9n474    
,horeh\nd 7,m>rubium vulg>e1 ,l9n474    
,hyssop 7,hyssopus vulg>is1 ,l9n474     
,catnip 7,nepeta ,cat>ia1 ,l9n474       
,lav5d] 7,lav&ula v]a1 ,d4 ,c42 ,l4     
spica1 ,d4 ,c474  ,^! plants1 :i* are   
mo/ly natives ( mild climates ( ! old   
_w1 are *>act]iz$ by hav+ squ>e /ems2   
opposite1 simple leaves & bran*es2 & m  
or less two-lipp$ fl[]s :i* appe> 9 !   
axils ( ! leaves1 occasionally alone1 b 
usually sev]al toge!r1 =m+ little :orls1
 :i* (t5 compose loose or compact spikes

 or racemes4 ,ea* f]tile blossom is     
foll[$ by f\r little se$like fruits 9 ! 
bottom ( ! calyx1 :i* rema9s atta*$ to !
 plant4 ,! foliage is g5]ally pl5tifully
 dott$ ) m9ute gl&s t conta9 a volatile 
oil1 ^u :i* dep5ds ! aroma & piquancy   
peculi> to ! individual species4  ,!    
lead+ species ( ! ,umbellif] are3       
,p>sley 7,c>um ,petrosel9um1 ,b5?4 &    
,hook474   ,dill 7,ane?um graveol5s1    
,l9n474   ,f5nel 7,fo5iculum (fic9ale1  
,l9n474   ,angelica 7,ar*angelica       
(fic9alis1 ,ho(m474   ,anise 7,pimp9ella
 anisum1 ,l9n474   ,c>away 7,c>um ,c>ui1
 ,l9n474   ,cori&] 7,cori&rum sativum1  
,l9n474   ,*]vil 7,sc&ix ,c]efolium1    
,l9n474   ,cum9 or ,cumm9 7,cum9um      
,cym9um1 ,l9n474   ,lovage 7,levi/icum  
(fic9ale1 ,ko*474   ,samphire 7,cri?mum 
m>itimum1 ,l9n474  ,illu/ration3 ,h&    
,pl[  ,l ! memb]s ( ! prec$+ gr\p1 !    
species ( ! ,umbellif] are pr9cipally   
natives ( mild climates ( ! old _w1 b _m
 ( !m ext5d f>!r nor? into ! cold p>ts (
 ! cont95t1 ev5 beyond ! ,arctic ,circle

 9 "s cases4 ,!y h cyl9drical1 usually  
holl[ /ems2 alt]nate1 g5]ally comp\nd   
leaves ! basis ( ^: /alks en%ea? !      
bran*es or /ems2 & small fl[]s almo/    
always arrang$ 9 comp\nd t]m9al umbels4 
,! fruits are compos$ ( two se$like dry 
c>pels1 ea* conta9+ a s+le se$1 &       
usually sep>at+ :5 ripe4 ,ea* c>pel be>s
 five longitud9al prom95t ribs & sev]al1
 (t5 f\r1 less] int]m$iate ones1 9 !    
int]vals betwe5 :i* num]\s oil ducts h  
_! op5+s f ! int]ior ( ! fruit4 ,! oil  
is g5]ally f\nd 9 m or less abundance   
also 9 o!r p>ts ( ! plant1 b is usually 
mo/ pl5tiful 9 ! fruits4  ,! memb]s ( ! 
,composit us$ z sweet h]bs are1 ) !     
exception ( t>ragon1 comp>atively       
unimportant1 & except = hav+ _! fl[]s 9 
close heads on a common receptacle1     
surr\nd$ by an involucre1 h few         
conspicu\s *>act]s 9 common4 ,no fur!r  
space except t requir$ = _! enum]ation  
ne$ "h be devot$ to !m4 ,& ?is rem>k w  
apply also to ! o!r two h]bs m5tion$    
fur!r bel[4   ,,composit  ,m>igold1 ,pot

 7,cal5dula (fic9alis1 ,l9n474 ,tansy   
7,tanacetum vulg>is1 ,l9n474 ,t>ragon   
7,artemisia ,dracunculus1 ,l9n474       
,s\!rnwood 7,artemisia ,abrotanum1      
,l9n474   ,,rutace  ,rue 7,ruta         
graveol5s1 ,l9n474   ,,borag9ace        
,borage 7,borago (fic9alis1 ,l9n474     
,,ranunculace  ,f5nel-fl[] 7,nigella    
sativa1 ,l9n474  ,be=e dismiss+ ?is     
section ( ! subject1 x may be int]e/+ to
 glance ov] ! li/ ( names once m4 ,sev5 
( ^! plants 7 =m]ly s prom95t 9 m$ic9e t
 !y 7 designat$ (ficial & ne>ly all !   
o!rs 7 ext5sively us$ by physicians4 ,at
 ! pres5t day !re are v few t h n pass$ 
entirely out ( (ficial m$ic9e & ev5 out 
( dome/ic practice1 at lea/ s f> z _!   
intr9sic qualities are conc]n$4 ,"s1 to 
be sure1 are /ill employ$ because ( _!  
pleasant flavors1 :i* disguise !        
disagreeable ta/e ( o!r drugs4 ,b ?is is
 a v diff]5t matt]4  ,"o ( ! mo/ notable
 ( ^! is f5nel4 ,:at wond]s c\ld t plant
 n p]=m #cjj ye>s ago6 ,9 ,p>k9son's    
,!atricum ,botanicum 7#afdj7 its v]tues 

are record$4 ,ap>t f its use z food1 =  
:i*1 !n1 z n[1 x 0 highly e/eem$1 )\t ! 
atta*m5t ( any m$ic9al qualities z an   
escul5t1 x 0 consid]$ efficaci\s 9 cases
 ( g\t1 jaundice1 cramps1 %ortness (    
brea?1 :eez+ ( ! lungs2 = cleans+ ( !   
blood & improv+ ! complexion2 to use z  
an eye-wat] or to increase ! fl[ ( milk2
 z a rem$y = s]p5t bites or an antidote 
= poison\s h]bs & mu%rooms2 & = p :o are
 gr[5 fat to abate _! unwield9esse &    
make !m m gaunt & lanke4  ,b let u peep 
into ! #ai? edition ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,disp5satory4 ,c ?is be ! same f5nel :i*
 is "o ( our mo/ grateful aromatics1 &  
:i*1 because ( ! abs5ce ( any highly    
excitant prop]ty1 is recomm5d$ = mix+ ) 
unpleasant m$ic9es8 ,ask any druggi/1 & 
he w say x is us$ = little else n[adays 
?an = mak+ a tea to give babies = w9d on
 _! /oma*s4 ,/range1 b true x is6       
,simil> /atem5ts if n m rem>kable ones  
c\ld be made ab\t _m ( ! o!r h]bs h]e9  
discuss$4 ,_m ( ^! are spok5 ( z =m]ly  
consid]$ specific = su* & su* tr\bles b 

n[ kn[n to be in]t4  ,! cause is n f> to
 seek4 ,an imag9ative & sup]/iti\s p    
atta*$ fanciful p[]s to ^! & hundr$s (  
o!r plants :i* ! int]v5+ c5turies h be5 
unable :olly to eradicate1 = among ! m  
ignorant classes1 especially ( ,europe1 
_m ( ^! relics ( a d>k age /ill p]si/4  
,b let u n gloat ov] our sup]ior k4     
,aft] a simil> lapse ( "t1 may n our    
vaunt$ wisdom conc]n+ ! prop]ties (     
plants look z ridicul\s to ! delv] among
 our mu/y volumes8 ,inde$1 x may1 if we 
may judge by ! discov]ies &             
inve/igations ( only ! pa/ fifty ye>s4  
,dur+ ?is "t a surpris+ly l>ge numb] (  
plants h be5 prov$ to be n m]ely        
innocu\s in/ead ( poison\s1 z !y 7      
reput$1 b fit = human food & ev5 (      
sup]ior excell5ce6   ,,! ,,h]b ,,li/    
,angelica 7,ar*angelica (fic9alis1      
,h(fm471 a bi5nial or p]5nial h]b ( !   
natural ord] ,umbellif]1 s call$ f its  
suppos$ m$ic9al qualities4 ,x is believ$
 to be a native ( ,syria1 f :5ce x has  
spread to _m cool ,european climates1   

especially ,lapl& & ! ,alps1 :]e x has  
become naturaliz$4  ,illu/ration3       
,prophecy ( ,_m ,too?some ,di%es        
,description4 ,its roots are long1      
sp9dle-%ap$1 fle%y1 & sometimes weigh   
?ree p\nds2 its /ems /\t1 h]bace\s1     
flut$1 (t5 m ?an #d feet tall1 & holl[2 
its leaves long-/alk$1 frequ5tly #c feet
 9 l5g?1 r$di% purple at ! clasp+ bases1
 & compos$1 9 ! l>g] ones1 ( num]\s     
small leaflets1 9 ?ree pr9cipal gr\ps1  
:i* are ea* subdivid$ into ?ree less]   
gr\ps2 its fl[]s yell[i% or gre5i%1     
small & num]\s1 9 l>ge r\ndi% umbels2   
its se$s pale yell[1 membran\s-edg$1    
oblong flatt5$ on "o side1 convex on !  
o!r1 :i* is m>k$ ) ?ree conspicu\s ribs4
  ,cultivation4 ,s9ce ! se$s lose _!    
vitality rapidly1 r>ely be+ viable aft] 
! fir/ ye>1 !y %\ld be s[n z soon z ripe
 9 late summ] or e>ly autumn1 or n lat] 
?an ! foll[+ spr+ aft] hav+ be5 kept    
dur+ ! w9t] 9 a cold /or]oom4 ,! soil   
%\ld be mod]ately ri*1 r light1 deep1   
well dra9$1 b moi/ & well suppli$ )     

humus4 ,x %\ld be deeply prep>$ & kept  
loose & op5 z long z tools c be us$     
among ! plants1 :i* may be left to c>e =
 !mselves z soon z !y %ade ! gr\nd well4
  ,9 ! autumn1 ! se$s may be s[n :]e !  
plants are to rema9 or pref]ably 9 a    
nurs]y b$1 :i* usually does n ne$       
protection dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 ! spr+ a mild
 hotb$1 a cold frame or a nurs]y b$ 9 ! 
g>d5 may be us$1 accord+ to ! e>l9ess ( 
plant+4 ,half an in* is deep en\gh to   
cov] ! se$s4 ,! se$l+s %\ld be          
transplant$ :5 /ill small = _! fir/     
summ]'s gr[?1 a space ( ab\t #ah in*es  
be+ all[$ betwe5 !m4 ,9 ! autumn !y %\ld
 be remov$ to p]man5t qu>t]s1 ! plants  
be+ set #c feet ap>t4  ,if well gr[n1 ! 
leaves may be cut = use dur+ ! summ]    
aft] transplant+2 ! plants may n1 h[ev]1
 produce se$ until ! foll[+ season4     
,unless se$ is desir$1 ! tops %\ld be   
cut & de/roy$ at or be=e fl[]+ "t1      
because1 if ?is be n done1 ! g>d5 is apt
 to become ov]run ) angelica se$l+s4 ,if
 ! se$s are want$1 !y %\ld be ga!r$ &   

treat$ z indicat$ on page #bh4 ,aft]    
produc+ se$1 ! plants frequ5tly die2 b  
by cutt+ d[n ! tops :5 ! fl[] heads fir/
 appe>1 & ?us prev5t+ ! =mation ( se$1 !
 plants may cont9ue = sev]al ye>s long]4
  ,uses4 ,! /ems & leaf /alks1 :ile /ill
 succul5t1 are eat5 z a salad or are    
roa/$ or boil$ l potatoes4 ,9 ,europe1  
!y are frequ5tly employ$ z a g>ni% or z 
an adjunct to di%es ( meat & fi%4 ,!y   
are also l>gely us$ = mak+ c&i$         
angelica4 7,see bel[47 ,=m]ly ! /ems 7  
blan*$ l cel]y & 7 v popul> z a         
vegetable2 n[ !y are little us$ 9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! t5d] leaves are (t5   
boil$ & eat5 z a sub/itute = sp9a*4     
,less 9 ,am]ica ?an 9 ,europe1 ! se$s1  
:i*1 l o!r p>ts ( ! plant1 are aromatic 
& bitt]i%1 are us$ = flavor+ v>i\s      
bev]ages1 cakes1 & c&ies1 especially    
comfits4 ,oil ( angelica is obta9$ f !  
se$s by di/illation ) /eam or boil+     
wat]1 ! vapor be+ cond5s$ & ! oil       
sep>at$ by gravity4 ,x is also obta9$ 9 
small] quantity f ! roots1 #bjj p\nds ( 

:i*1 x is said1 yield only ab\t "o p\nd 
( ! oil4 ,l ! se$s1 ! oil is us$ =      
flavor+4  ,angelica c&i$4 ,gre5 says3 ,!
 fre% roots1 ! t5d] /ems1 ! leaf /alks &
 ! midribs ( ! leaves make a pleas+     
aromatic c&y4 ,:5 fre% ga!r$ ! plant is 
r too bitt] = use4 ,?is flavor may be   
r$uc$ by boil+4 ,! p>ts %\ld fir/ be    
slic$ l5g?wise1 to remove ! pi?4 ,! l5g?
 ( "t w dep5d some:at ^u ! ?ickness ( ! 
pieces4 ,a few m9utes is usually        
suffici5t4 ,aft] removal & dra9+ !      
pieces are put 9 a syrup ( granulat$    
sug> & boil$ till full c&y d5sity is    
rea*$4 ,! kettle is !n remov$ f ! fire &
 ! cont5ts all[$ to cool4 ,:5 almo/ cold
 ! pieces are to be tak5 out & all[$ to 
dry4  ,anise 7,pimp9ella ,anisum1       
,l9n471 an annual h]b ( ! natural ord]  
,umbellif]4 ,x is a native ( s\?we/]n   
,asia1 nor!rn ,africa & s\?-ea/]n       
,europe1 :5ce x has be5 introduc$ by man
 ?r\gh\t ! ,m$it]ranean region1 into    
,g]many1 & to "s ext5t into o!r temp]ate
 regions ( bo? hemisph]es1 b seems n to 

be kn[n any:]e 9 ! wild /ate or z an    
escape f g>d5s4 ,to judge f its m5tion 9
 ! ,scriptures 7,mat!w xxiii1 #bc71 x 0 
highly valu$ z a cultivat$ crop prior to
 our era1 n only 9 ,pale/9e1 b else:]e 9
 ! ,ea/4 ,_m ,greek & ,roman au?ors1    
especially ,dioscorides1 ,!ophra/us1    
,pl9y & ,paladius1 wrote m or less fully
 ( its cultivation & uses4              
,illu/ration3 ,anise 9 ,fl[] & 9 ,fruit 
,f _! days to ! pres5t x seems to h     
enjoy$ g5]al popul>ity4 ,9 ! n9? c5tury1
 ,*>lemagne comm&$ t x be gr[n ^u !     
imp]ial f>ms2 9 ! ?irte5?1 ,alb]tus     
,magnus speaks highly ( x2 & s9ce !n _m 
agricultural writ]s h devot$ att5tion to
 x4 ,b ?\gh x has be5 cultivat$ = at    
lea/ two ?\s& ye>s & is n[ ext5sively   
gr[n 9 ,malta1 ,spa91 s\!rn ,france1    
,russia1 ,g]many & ,india1 :i* ma9ly    
supply ! m>ket1 x seems n to h develop$ 
any improv$ v>ieties4                   
,description4--,its roots are :ite1     
sp9dle-%ap$ & r fibr\s2 its /ems ab\t   
#ah in*es tall1 bran*y1 erect1 sl5d]1   

cyl9drical2 its root leaves lob$ some:at
 l ^? ( cel]y2 its /em leaves m & m     
f9ely cut t[>d ! upp] "p ( ! /em1 ne> ! 
top ( :i* !y resemble f5nel leaves 9 _! 
f9ely divid$ segm5ts2 its fl[]s yell[i% 
:ite1 small1 r l>ge1 9 loose umbels     
consi/+ ( _m umbellets2 its fruits      
7se$s7 gre5i%-gray1 small1 ovoid or     
oblong 9 outl9e1 longitud9ally furr[$ & 
ridg$ on ! convex side1 v aromatic1     
sweeti% & pleasantly piquant4           
,cultivation4--,! se$s1 :i* %\ld be z   
fre% z possible1 nev] m ?an two ye>s    
old1 %\ld be s[n 9 p]man5t qu>t]s z soon
 z ! wea!r becomes settl$ 9 e>ly spr+4  
,!y %\ld be plant$ #a_/b in* deep1 ab\t 
#a_/b in* asund]1 9 drills #ae or #ah   
in*es ap>t1 & ! plants ?9n$ :5 ab\t #b  
in*es tall to /& #f in*es asund]4 ,an   
ounce ( se$ %\ld plant ab\t #aej feet ( 
drill4 ,! plants1 :i* d n transplant    
readily1 ?rive be/ 9 well-dra9$1 light1 
ri*1 r dry1 loamy soils well expos$ to !
 sun4 ,a light application ( well-rott$ 
manure1 c>eful prep>ation ( ! gr\nd1    

clean & frequ5t cultivation1 are ! only 
requisites 9 ! managem5t ( ?is crop4  ,9
 ab\t f\r mon?s f ! s[+ ( ! se$1 & 9    
ab\t "o mon? f ! appe>ance ( ! fl[]s1 ! 
plants may be pull$1 or pref]ably cut1 =
 dry+4 7,see page #be47 ,! climate & !  
soils 9 ! w>m] p>ts ( ! nor!rn /ates    
appe> to be favorable to ! comm]cial    
cultivation ( anise1 :i* x seems %\ld   
prove a pr(itable crop "u prop]         
managem5t4  ,uses4--,! leaves are       
frequ5tly employ$ z a g>ni%1 = flavor+  
salads1 & to a small ext5t z po!rbs4 ,f>
 m g5]al1 h[ev]1 is ! use ( ! se$s1 :i* 
ent] z a flavor+ into v>i\s condim5ts1  
especially curry p[d]s1 _m k9ds ( cake1 
pa/ry1 & confection]y & into "s k9ds (  
*eese & bread4 ,anise oil is ext5sively 
employ$ = flavor+ _m bev]ages bo?       
alcoholic & non-spiritu\s & = disguis+ !
 unpleasant flavors ( v>i\s drugs4 ,!   
se$s are also gr\nd & comp\nd$ ) o!r    
fragrant mat]ials = mak+ sa*et p[d]s1 & 
! oil mix$ ) o!r fluids = liquid        
p]fumes4 ,v>i\s simil> anise comb9ations

 are l>gely us$ 9 p]fum+ soaps1 pomatums
 & o!r toilet articles4 ,! v volatile1  
ne>ly colorless oil is usually obta9$ by
 di/illation ) wat]1 ab\t #ej p\nds (   
se$ be+ requir$ to produce "o p\nd (    
oil4 ,at ,erfurt1 ,g]many1 :]e mu* ( !  
comm]cial oil is made1 ! hay & ! se$s   
are bo? us$ = di/ill+4  ,balm 7,melissa 
(fic9alis1 ,l9n471 a p]5nial h]b ( !    
natural ord] ,labiat4 ,! popul> "n is a 
contraction ( balsam1 ! plant hav+ =m]ly
 be5 consid]$ a specific = a ho/ (      
ailm5ts4 ,! g5]ic "n1 ,melissa1 is !    
,greek = bee & is an allusion to !      
fondness ( bees = ! abundant nect> ( !  
fl[]s4  ,balm is a native ( s\!rn       
,europe1 :]e x 0 cultivat$ z a s\rce (  
honey & z a sweet h]b m ?an #b1jjj ye>s 
ago4 ,x is frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ,greek & 
,lat9 poetry & prose4 ,because ( its use
 = ano9t+1 ,%akespe>e ref]r$ to x 9 !   
glori\s l9es 7,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii41 act iii1
 sc5e #b73    ,n all ! wat] 9 ! r\gh1   
rude sea   ,c wa% ! balm f an ano9t$ k+4
  ,z a useful plant x receiv$ att5tion f

 ! p5 ( ,pl9y4 ,f its home x has be5    
introduc$ by man z a g>d5 plant into    
ne>ly all temp]ate climates ?r\gh\t !   
_w1 & is (t5 f\nd z an escape f g>d5s   
:]e introduc$--occasionally 9 ?is role 9
 ! e>lie/ settl$ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,v  
few well-m>k$ v>ieties h be5 produc$4 ,a
 v>iegat$ "o1 n[ gr[n = ornam5t z well z
 = cul9>y purposes1 is probably ! same z
 t m5tion$ by ,mawe 9 #aggh4            
,description4--,! roots are small &     
fibr\s2 ! /ems1 ab\t #ah in*es tall1 v  
num]\s1 erect or spread+1 squ>e2 !      
leaves1 gre5 7except z m5tion$71 broadly
 ovate ) too!d m>g9s1 opposite1 r       
succul5t1 highly sc5t$2 ! fl[]s1 few1   
:iti%1 or purpli%1 9 small1 loose1      
axill>y1 "o-sid$ clu/]s borne f midsumm]
 until late autumn2 ! se$s v small--m   
?an #ej1jjj to ! ounce4                 
,cultivation4--,balm is readily         
propagat$ by means ( divisions1 lay]s1  
cutt+s1 & by its se$s1 :i* g]m9ate      
fairly well ev5 :5 f\r ye>s old4 ,ow+ to
 its small size1 ! se$ %\ld be plant$ 9 

a se$pan or flat 9 a gre5h\se or hotb$1 
:]e all conditions c be controll$4 ,!   
soil %\ld be made v f9e & friable1 !    
?9ly scatt]$ se$s m]ely press$ ^u !     
surface ) a block or a brick1 & wat]    
appli$ pref]ably ?r\gh ! bottom ( !     
se$pan1 :i* may be set 9 a %all[ di% (  
wat] until ! surface ( ! soil beg9s to  
appe> moi/4  ,:5 an in* tall ! se$l+s   
%\ld be prick$ out #b in*es ap>t 9 o!r1 
deep] flats & :5 ab\t #d in*es tall set 
9 ! g>d5 ab\t #a foot asund] 9 r[s ab\t 
#ah in*es ap>t4 ,:5 once e/abli%$ !y may
 be increas$ readily by ! artificial    
means m5tion$4 7,see page #cd47 ,ord9>y 
clean cultivation ?r\gh\t ! season1 !   
removal ( dead p>ts1 & c>e to prev5t !  
plants f spread+ unduly1 are ! only     
requisites ( cultivation4 ,pref]ably !  
soil %\ld be poor1 r dry1 little if at  
all enri*$ & 9 a sunny place4 ,! foliage
 ( se$l+ plants or plants newly spr+-set
 %\ld be ready = use by midsumm]2 t (   
e/abli%$ plants f e>ly spr+ until late  
autumn4 ,= home use & m>ket x %\ld be   

cur$ z recomm5d$ on page #be1 ! leaves  
be+ v ?9ly spread & pl5tifully suppli$ )
 air because ( _! succul5ce4 ,!         
temp]ature %\ld be r l[4  ,uses4--,!    
foliage is widely us$ = flavor+ s\ps1   
/ews1 sauces1 & dress+s1 &1 :5 fre%1 to 
a small ext5t ) salads4 ,otto or oil (  
balm1 obta9$ by aque\s di/illation f !  
hay1 is a pale yell[1 ess5tial &        
volatile oil highly priz$ 9 p]fum]y =   
its lemon-l odor1 & is ext5sively       
employ$ = flavor+ v>i\s bev]ages4       
,basil 7,ocymum basilicum1 ,l9n471 an   
annual h]b ( ! ord] ,labiat4 ,! popul>  
"n1 d]iv$ f ! specific1 signifies royal 
or k+ly1 probably because ( ! plant's   
use 9 fea/s4 ,9 ,france x is kn[n z h]b 
royale1 royal h]b4 ,! g5]ic "n is d]iv$ 
f ,oza1 a ,greek ^w signify+ odor4  ,!  
plant is a native ( tropical ,asia1 :]e 
= c5turies1 especially 9 ,india1 x has  
be5 highly e/eem$ z a condim5t4         
,probably ! e>ly ,greek & ,roman writ]s 
7 well acqua9t$ ) x1 b comm5tators are n
 decid$4 ,!y suppose t ! ,okimon (      

,hippocrates1 ,dioscorides & ,!ophra/us 
is ! same z ,ocimum hort5se ( ,columella
 & ,v>ro4  ,! plant's introduction into 
,engl& 0 ab\t #aedh1 or p]haps a little 
e>li]1 b probably n prior to #aech1     
because ,turn] does n m5tion x 9 8      
,libellus1 publi%$ 9 t ye>4 ,x seems to 
h gr[n rapidly 9 popul>ity1 = 9 #aehf   
,lyte speaks ( x z if well kn[n4 ,9     
,am]ica x has be5 cultivat$ some:at =   
ab\t a c5tury p>tly because ( its       
fragrant leaves :i* are employ$ 9       
b\quets1 b ma9ly = flavor+ cul9>y       
concoctions4 ,9 ,au/ralia x is also m or
 less gr[n1 & 9 c\ntries :]e ,fr5*      
comm]ce or o!r int]e/s h p5etrat$ x is  
well kn[n4  ,illu/ration3 ,sweet ,basil 
,!re are sev]al relat$ species :i*1 9   
,am]ica less ?an 9 ,europe or ! ,ea/1 h 
attract$ att5tion4 ,! mo/ important ( ^!
 is dw>f or bu% basil 7,o4 m9imum1      
,l9n471 a small ,*ilian species also    
report$ f ,co*9 ,*9a4 ,x 0 introduc$    
into cultivation 9 ,europe 9 #aegc4 ,on 
acc\nt ( its compact =m x is popul> 9   

g>d5s z an edg+ z well z a cul9>y h]b1 =
 m ?an a c5tury x has be5 gr[n 9        
,am]ica4 ,sacr$ basil 7,o4 sanctum71 an 
ori5tal species1 is cultivat$ ne>       
temples 9 ,india & its odorif]\s oil    
extract$ = religi\s uses4 ,=m]ly !      
common species 0 consid]$ sacr$ by !    
,brahm9s :o us$ x especially 9 honor (  
,vi%nu & 9 fun]al rites4 ,an ,african   
species1 ,o4 fruticosum1 is highly valu$
 at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope = its p]fume4 
,description4--,f ! small1 fibr\s roots 
! squ>e /ems /& erect ab\t #a foot tall4
 ,!y are v bran*+ & leafy4 ,! leaves are
 gre51 except z not$ bel[1 ovate1 po9t$1
 opposite1 some:at too!d1 r succul5t &  
highly fragrant4 ,! little :ite fl[]s   
:i* appe> 9 midsumm] are racem$ 9 leafy 
:orls1 foll[$ by small black fruits1    
popul>ly call$ se$s4 ,^!1 l flaxse$1    
emit a mucilag9\s sub/ance :5 soak$ 9   
wat]4 ,ab\t #bc1jjj weigh an ounce1 &   
#aj ounces fill a p9t4 ,_! vitality la/s
 ab\t eight ye>s4  ,l mo/ ( ! o!r cul9>y
 h]bs1 basil has v>i$ little 9 sev]al   

c5turies2 !re are no well-m>k$ v>ieties 
( mod]n orig94 ,only ?ree v>ieties (    
common basil are li/$ 9 ,am]ica2        
,vilmor9 li/s only five ,fr5* ones4     
,purple basil has lilac fl[]s1 & :5 gr[n
 9 ! sun also purple leaf /ems & "y     
bran*es4 ,lettuce-leav$ basil has l>ge1 
pale-gre5 bli/]$ & wr9kl$ leaves l ^? ( 
lettuce4 ,its closely set clu/]s ( fl[]s
 appe> some:at late4 ,! leaves are l>g] 
& few] ?an 9 ! common v>iety4  ,! dw>f  
species is m compact1 bran*+ & da9ty ?an
 ! common species4 ,x has ?ree v>ieties2
 "o ) deep violet foliage & /ems & lilac
 :ite fl[]s1 & two ) gre5 leaves1 "o v  
d5se & compact4  ,ea/ ,indian1 or ,tree 
,basil 7,o4 gratissimum1 ,l9n471 a      
well-kn[n species 9 ! ,ori5t1 seems to h
 a sub/itute 9 ,o4 suave1 also kn[n by !
 same popul> "n1 & presumably ! species 
cultivat$ 9 ,europe & to "s ext5t 9     
,am]ica4 ,x is an upright1 bran*+       
annual1 :i* =ms a pyramidal bu% ab\t #bj
 in*es tall & (t5 #ae in*es 9 diamet]4  
,x favors v w>m situations & tropical   

c\ntries4  ,cultivation4--,basil is     
propagat$ by se$s4 ,because ^! are v    
small1 !y are be/ s[n 9 flats "u glass1 
cov]$ lightly ) f9ely sift$ soil &      
moi/5$ by /&+ 9 a %all[ pan ( wat] until
 ! surface %[s a wet spot4 ,:5 ab\t an  
in* tall1 ! se$l+s mu/ be prick$ out #b 
in*es ap>t ea* way 9 l>g]-siz$ flats4   
,:5 #c in*es tall !y w be l>ge en\gh = !
 g>d51 :]e !y %\ld be set #a foot asund]
 9 r[s #ae to #ah in*es ap>t4 ,(t5 ! se$
 is s[n 9 ! mell[ bord] z e>ly 9 ! spr+ 
z ! gr\nd c be work$4 ,?is me?od dem&s  
p]haps m att5tion ?an ! =m]1 because (  
we$s & because ! r[s _c be easily se54  
,:5 transplant+1 pref]5ce %\ld be giv5  
to a sunny situation 9 a mell[1 light1  
f]tile1 r dry soil ?or\ghly well prep>$ 
& z free f we$s z possible4 ,f ! />t !  
gr\nd mu/ be kept loose1 op5 & clean4   
,:5 ! plants meet 9 ! r[s cultivation   
may /op4  ,fir/ ga!r+s ( foliage %\ld   
beg9 by midsumm] :5 ! plants />t to     
blossom4 ,!n !y may be cut to )9 a few  
in*es ( ! gr\nd4 ,! /umps %\ld develop a

 second & ev5 a ?ird crop if c>e is     
ex]cis$ to keep ! surface clean & op54  
,a little dress+ ( quickly available    
f]tiliz] appli$ at ?is "t is helpful4 ,=
 se$ "s ( ! be/ plants %\ld be left     
uncut4 ,! se$ %\ld rip5 by mid-autumn4  
,= w9t] use plants may be transplant$ f 
! g>d51 or se$l+s may be />t$ 9         
,septemb]4 ,! se$s %\ld be s[n two to ! 
in* & ! se$l+s transplant$ to pots or   
boxes4 ,a h&y pot is ! #d-;in* /&>d2 ?is
 is l>ge en\gh = "o plant4 ,9 flats !   
plants %\ld be #e or #f in*es ap>t ea*  
way4  ,uses4--,basil is "o ( ! mo/      
popul> h]bs 9 ! ,fr5* cuis9e4 ,x is     
especially reli%$ 9 mock turtle s\p1    
:i*1 :5 correctly made1 d]ives its      
peculi> ta/e *iefly f ! clovelike flavor
 ( basil4 ,9 o!r highly season$ di%es1  
su* z /ews & dress+s1 basil is also     
highly priz$4 ,x is less us$ 9 salads4  
,a gold5 yell[ ess5tial oil1 :i* r$d5s )
 age1 is extract$ f ! leaves = uses 9   
p]fum]y m ?an 9 ! kit*54  ,! orig9al &  
fam\s ,fett] ,lane sausages1 =m]ly      

popul> ) ,cockney epicures1 ow$ _!      
reputation ma9ly to basil4 ,dur+ !      
reigns ( ,que5 ,m>y & ,que5 ,elizabe?   
f>m]s grew basil 9 pots & pres5t$ !m )  
complim5ts to _! l&ladies :5 ^! paid _! 
visits4  ,illu/ration3 ,borage1 ,fam\s =
 ,cool ,tank>d  ,borage 7,borago        
(fic9alis1 ,l9n471 a co>se1 h>dy1 annual
 h]b ( ! natural ord] ,borag9ace4 ,its  
popul> "n1 d]iv$ f ! g5]ic1 is suppos$  
by "s to h come f a corruption ( cor1 ! 
he>t1 & ago1 to affect1 because ( its   
=m] use z a cordial or he>t-=tify+      
m$ic9e4 ,c\rage is f ! same s\rce4 ,!   
,/&>d ,diction>y1 h[ev]1 po9ts to       
burrago1 r\gh1 & relates x indirectly by
 cross ref]5ces to birrus1 a ?ick1 co>se
 wool5 clo? worn by ! poor dur+ !       
?irte5? c5tury4 ,! r\ghness ( !         
full-gr[n leaves sugge/s flannel4       
,:i*ev] d]ivation be correct1 ea* is    
int]e/+ z imply+ qualities1 intr9sic or 
attribut$1 to ! plant4  ,! specific "n  
indicates its obsolete use 9 m$ic9e4 ,x 
is "o ( ! num]\s plants :i* h %ak5 (f ! 

sup]/itions :i* a cr$ul\s populace      
wrea!d ar\nd !m4 ,almo/ none b ! lea/   
enlight5$ p n[ attribute any m$ic9al    
virtues :atev] to x4  ,! plant is said  
to come orig9ally f ,aleppo1 b =        
c5turies has be5 consid]$ a native (    
,m$it]ranean ,europe & ,africa1 :5ce x  
has become naturaliz$ ?r\gh\t ! _w by   
,europeans1 :o grew x probably m =      
m$ic9al ?an = cul9>y purposes4 ,accord+ 
to ,a9slie1 x 0 among ! species li/$ by 
,pet] ,m>tyr z plant$ on ,isabella ,isl&
 by ,columbus's companions4 ,!          
probability is t x 0 also br\ght to     
,am]ica by ! coloni/s dur+ ,que5        
,elizabe?'s "t4 ,x has be5 li/$ 9       
,am]ican se$sm5's catalogues s9ce #ahjf1
 b ! dem& has always be5 small & ! ext5t
 to :i* x is cultivat$ v limit$4        
,description4--,borage is ( some:at     
spread+ habit1 bran*y1 ab\t #bj in*es   
tall4 ,its oval or oblong-lanceolate    
leaves & o!r gre5 p>ts are cov]$ )      
:iti%1 r %>p1 spread+ hairs4 ,! fl[]s1  
g5]ally blue1 sometimes p9k1 violet-r$1 

or :ite1 are loosely racem$ at !        
extremities ( ! bran*es & ma9 /ems4     
,! flam+ rose glooms sw>?y r$2     ,!   
borage gleams m blue2   ,& l[ :ite      
fl[]s1 ) />ry head1     ,glimm] ! ri*   
dusk ?r\gh4            --,george        
,mac,donald             ,songs ( !      
,summ] ,night1 ,"p ,,iii  ,! se$s are r 
l>ge1 oblong1 slightly curv$1 & a ridg$ 
& /reak$ grayi%-br[n4 ,!y reta9 _!      
vitality = ab\t eight ye>s4             
,cultivation4--,no plant is m easily    
gr[n4 ,! se$ ne$ only be dropp$ & cov]$ 
9 any soil1 f poor to ri*1 & ! plants w 
gr[ l we$s1 & ev5 become su* if all[$ to
 h sway4 ,borage seems1 h[ev]1 to pref] 
r light1 dry soils1 wa/e places & /eep  
banks4 ,^u su* ! flavor ( ! fl[]s is    
decl>$ to be sup]ior to t produc$ ^u    
ri*] gr\nd1 :i* develops a rank] gr[? ( 
foliage4  ,9 ! g>d5 ! se$s are s[n ab\t 
#a_/b in* asund] & 9 r[s #ae in*es ap>t4
 ,%ortly aft] ! plants appe> !y are ?9n$
 to /& #c in*es ap>t1 ! ?9n+s be+ cook$ 
l sp9a*1 or1 if small & delicate1 !y may

 be made into salads4 ,two o!r ?9n+s may
 be giv5 = simil> purposes z ! plants   
gr[1 s t at ! f9al ?9n+ ! specim5s w /& 
ab\t a foot asund]4 ,up to ?is "t !     
gr\nd is kept op5 & clean by            
cultivation2 aft]w>ds ! borage w usually
 h possession4  ,uses4--,m popul> ?an ! 
use ( ! foliage z a po!rb & a salad is !
 employm5t ( borage blossoms & ! t5d]   
upp] leaves1 9 company or n ) ^? (      
na/urtium1 z a g>ni% or an ornam5t to   
salads1 & /ill m z an addition to v>i\s 
cool+ dr9ks4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^! bev]ages  
is cool tank>d1 compos$ ( w9e1 wat]1    
lemon juice1 sug> & borage fl[]s4 ,to   
?is !y seem to give additional coolness4
 ,!y are (t5 us$ simil>ly 9 lemonade1   
negus1 cl>et-cup & fruit juice dr9ks4   
,! plant has possibly a /ill m important
 ?\gh undevelop$ use z a bee =age4 ,x is
 s easily gr[n & fl[]s s freely t x %\ld
 be popul> ) api>i/s1 especially ^? :o  
own or live ne> wa/e l&1 dry & /ony     
tracts :i* !y c\ld s[ to x4 ,= su*      
places x has an advantage ov] ! _m we$s 

:i* g5]ally dispute possession 9 t x may
 be readily controll$ by simple         
cultivation4 ,x g5]ally c hold its own  
aga9/ ! plant populace ( su* places4    
,c>away 7,c>um c>ui1 ,l9n471 a bi5nial  
or an annual h]b ( ! natural ord]       
,umbellif]4 ,its names1 bo? popul> &    
botanical1 are suppos$ to be d]iv$ f    
,c>ia1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 :]e ! plant is    
believ$ fir/ to h attract$ att5tion4 ,f 
v e>ly ages ! c>away has be5 e/eem$ by  
cooks & doctors1 betwe5 :i* a fri5dly   
rivalry might seem to exi/1 ea* vy+ to  
give x prom95ce4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! cooks
 seem to be 9 ! asc5dancy2 ! se$s or _! 
oil are r>ely us$ 9 mod]n m$ic9e1 except
 to disguise ! flavor ( repulsive drugs4
  ,illu/ration3 ,c>away = ,comfits &    
,bir?day ,cakes  ,s9ce c>away se$s 7    
f\nd by ,o',he] 9 ! debris ( ! lake     
habitations ( ,switz]l&1 ! fact seems   
well e/abli%$ t ! plant is a native (   
,europe & ! probability is increas$ t ! 
,c>eum ( ,pl9y is ?is same plant1 z its 
use by ,apicus w\ld also indicate4 ,x is

 m5tion$ 9 ! twelf?-c5tury writ+s z gr[n
 9 ,morocco1 & 9 ! ?irte5? by ! ,arabs4 
,z a spice1 its use 9 ,engl& seems to h 
begun at ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,f 
its ,asiatic home x spread fir/ )       
,pho5ician comm]ce to we/]n ,europe1    
:5ce by lat] voyageurs x has be5 c>ri$  
?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w4 ,s widely has x  
be5 di/ribut$ t ! travel] may f9d x 9 ! 
wilds ( ,icel& & ,sc&9avia1 ! slopes (  
sunny ,spa91 ! /eeps ( ! ,himalayas1 !  
veldt ( s\!rn ,africa1 ! bu% (          
,au/ralia1 ! prairies & ! pampas (      
,am]ica4  ,c>away is l>gely cultivat$ 9 
,morocco1 & is an important article (   
export f ,russia1 ,prussia1 & ,holl&4 ,x
 has develop$ no cle>ly m>k$ v>ieties2  
"s specim5s1 h[ev]1 seem to be m        
di/9ctly annual ?an o!rs1 ?\gh attempts 
to isolate ^! & ?us secure a            
quick-matur+ v>iety seem n to h be5     
made4  ,description4--,! fle%y root1    
ab\t #a_/b in* 9 diamet]1 is yell[i%    
ext]nally1 :iti% )91 & has a slight     
c>roty ta/e4 ,f x a rosette ( f9ely     

p9nat$ leaves is develop$1 & lat] !     
sp>sely leav$1 *annel$1 holl[1 bran*+   
fl[] /em :i* rises f #ah to #cj in*es & 
dur+ e>ly summ] be>s umbels ( little    
:ite fl[]s foll[$ by oblong1 po9t$1     
some:at curv$1 light br[n aromatic      
fruits--! c>away se$s ( comm]ce4 ,^!    
reta9 _! g]m9at+ p[] = ab\t ?ree ye>s1  
require ab\t #aj1jjj se$s to make an    
ounce & fifte5 ounces to ! qu>t4        
,cultivation4--,frequ5tly1 if n usually1
 c>away is s[n toge!r ) cori&] 9 ! same 
drills on heavy l&s dur+ ,may or e>ly   
,june4 ,! cori&]1 be+ a quick-matur+    
plant1 may be h>ve/$ be=e ! c>away ?r[s 
up a fl[]+ /em4 ,?us two crops may be   
secur$ f ! same l& 9 ! same "t occupi$  
by ! c>away alone4 ,ord9>y ?9n+ to #f or
 #h in*es betwe5 plants is done :5 !    
se$l+s are e/abli%$4 ,o!r requirem5ts ( 
! crop are all embrac$ 9 ! practices (  
clean cultivation4  ,h>ve/ occurs 9     
,july ( ! ye> foll[+ ! se$+4 ,! plants  
are cut ab\t #ab in*es above gr\nd )    
sickles1 spread on %eets to dry = a few 

days1 & lat] beat5 ) a light flail4     
,aft] ?re%+1 ! se$ mu/ be spread ?9ly & 
turn$ daily until ! la/ ve/ige ( moi/ure
 has evaporat$4 ,f #djj to #hjj p\nds is
 ! usual range ( yield4  ,if se$ be s[n 
z soon z ripe1 plants may be secur$ :i* 
mature e>li] ?an ! ma9 crop4 ,?us six or
 eight weeks may be sav$ 9 ! gr[+       
season1 & by cont9u+ su* selection a    
quick-matur+ /ra9 may be secur$ ) little
 ef=t4 ,?is w\ld also obviate ! tr\ble (
 keep+ se$ f "o ye> to ! next1 = ! /ra9 
w\ld be practically a w9t] annual4      
,uses4--,occasionally ! leaves & "y     
%oots are eat5 ei!r cook$ or z an +r$i5t
 9 salads4 ,! roots1 too1 h be5 e/eem$ 9
 "s c\ntries1 ev5 m highly ?an ! p>snip1
 :i*1 h[ev]1 l>gely because ( its size1 
has supplant$ x = ?is purpose4 ,b ! se$s
 are ! important "p4 ,!y f9d popul> use 
9 bread1 *eese1 liquors1 salads1 sauces1
 s\ps1 c&y1 & especially 9 se$ cakes1   
cookies & comfits4 ,! colorless or pale 
yell[ ess5tial oil di/ill$ ) wat] f !   
se$s1 :i* conta9 betwe5 #e & #g-a_/b (  

x1 has ! *>act]i/ic flavor & odor ( !   
fruit4 ,x is ext5sively employ$ 9 !     
manufacture ( toilet articles1 su* z    
p]fum]y1 & especially soaps4  ,catnip1  
or cat m9t 7,nepeta cat>ia1 ,l9n471 a   
p]5nial h]b ( ! natural ord] ,labiat4 ,!
 popul> "n is 9 allusion to ! attraction
 ! plant has = cats4 ,!y n only eat x1 b
 rub !mselves ^u x purr+ ) delight4 ,!  
g5]ic "n is d]iv$ f ! ,etrurian city    
,neptic1 9 ! neighborhood ( :i* v>i\s   
species ( ! g5us =m]ly became prom95t4  
,l sev]al ( its relatives catnip is a   
well-kn[n we$4 ,x has become naturaliz$ 
9 ,am]ica1 & is mo/ frequ5tly obs]v$ 9  
dry1 wa/e places1 especially 9 ! ,ea/1  
?\gh x is also (t5 f\nd 9 g>d5s & ar\nd 
dwell+s ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates &       
,canada4  ,description4--,its erect1    
squ>e1 bran*+ /ems1 f #ah to #cf in*es  
tall1 be> not*$ oval or he>t%ap$ leaves1
 :iti% bel[1 & dur+ late summ] t]m9al   
clu/]s ( :ite fl[]s 9 small heads1 f>   
ap>t bel[1 b cr[d$ close above4 ,!      
fruits are small1 br[n1 ovoid1 smoo? & )

 ?ree cle>ly def9$ angles4 ,an ounce    
conta9s ab\t #c1djj se$s4 ,viability    
la/s = five ye>s4  ,illu/ration3        
,catnip1 ,pussy's ,delight              
,cultivation4 ,catnip w gr[ ) ! mo/     
ord9>y att5tion on any fairly dry soil4 
,! se$ ne$ only be s[n 9 autumn or spr+ 
:]e ! plants are to rema9 or 9 a nurs]y 
b$ = subsequ5t transplant+4 ,if to be   
kept 9 a g>d5 b$ !y %\ld /& #ah to #bd  
in*es ap>t ea* way4 ,no?+ is ne$ful     
except to keep d[n we$s 9 ord] to h !m  
succe$ = sev]al ye>s on ! same spot4    
,uses4--,! mo/ important use ( ! plant  
is z a bee =age2 = ?is purpose wa/e     
places are (t5 plant$ to catnip4 ,z a   
condim5t ! leaves 7 =m]ly 9 popul> use1 
especially 9 ! =m ( sauces2 b mild]     
flavors are n[ m highly e/eem$4 ,/ill1 !
 ,fr5* use catnip to a consid]able      
ext5t4 ,l _m ( its relatives1 catnip 0 a
 popul> m$ic9al rem$y = _m fle%ly ills2 
n[ x is practically relegat$ to dome/ic 
m$ic9e4 ,ev5 9 ?is x is a moribund rem$y
 = infant flatul5ce1 & is clung to only 

by unlett]$ nurses ( a pass+ g5]ation4  
,*]vil 7,sc&ix ,c]efolium1 ,l9n471 a    
s\!rn ,europe annual1 ) /ems ab\t #ah   
in*es tall & be>+ few divid$ leaves     
compos$ ( oval1 mu*-cut leaflets4 ,!    
small :ite fl[]s1 borne 9 umbels1 are   
foll[$ by long1 po9t$1 black se$s ) a   
conspicu\s furr[ f end to end4 ,^! se$s1
 :i* reta9 _! g]m9ability ab\t ?ree     
ye>s1 b are r difficult to keep1 may be 
s[n :]e ! plants are to /ay1 at any     
season1 ab\t eight weeks be=e a crop is 
desir$2 cultivation is l t ( p>sley4    
,dur+ summ] & 9 w>m climates1 cool1 %ady
 situations %\ld be *os51 o!rwise any   
situation & soil are suitable4 ,!       
leaves1 :i* are highly aromatic1 are    
us$1 especially 9 ,france & ,engl&1 =   
season+ & = mix$ salads4 ,*]vil is r>ely
 us$ alone1 b is ! *ief +r$i5t 9 :at !  
,fr5* call f9es h]bes1 a mixture :i*    
f9ds its way into a ho/ ( cul9>y        
concoctions4 ,! be/ v>iety is ! ,curl$1 
:i*1 ?\gh x has ! same flavor z ! pla91 
is a pretti] g>ni%4  ,*ives 7,allium    

,s*o5oprasum1 ,l9n471 a bulb\s1 onion-l 
p]5nial belong+ to ! ,liliace4          
,naturally ! plants =m ?ick tufts (     
abundant1 holl[1 grasslike leaves f _!  
little oval bulbs & mat ( fibr\s roots4 
,! %ort fl[] /ems be> t]m9al clu/]s (   
g5]ally /]ile fl[]s4 ,h5ce ! plants are 
propagat$ by plant+ ! individual bulbs  
or by division ( clumps 9 e>ly spr+4    
,frequ5tly *ives are plant$ 9 fl[]      
bord]s z an edg+1 = :i* purpose !       
compact gr[? & da9ty fl[]s p>ticul>ly   
recomm5d !m4 ,!y %\ld n be all[$ to gr[ 
9 ! same place m ?an ?ree ye>s4         
,/rictly speak+1 *ives d n belong ) !   
h]bs1 b _! leaves are s frequ5tly us$   
in/ead ( onions = flavor+ salads1 /ews &
 o!r di%es1 & ref]5ce has be5 s (t5 made
 to !m 9 ^! pages1 t a brief description
 has be5 includ$4 ,= m>ket ! clumps are 
cut 9 squ>es & ! :ole plant sold4       
,treat$ 9 ?is way ! gre5groc]s c keep !m
 9 good condition by wat]+ until sold4  
,= use ! leaves are cut ) %e>s close to 
! gr\nd4 ,if all[$ to /& 9 ! g>d51      

cutt+s may be made at int]vals ( two or 
?ree weeks all ?r\gh ! season4  ,cl>y   
7,salvia scl>ea1 ,l9n471 a p]5nial h]b (
 ! natural ord] ,labiat4 ,! popul> "n is
 a corruption ( ! specific4 ,9 !        
discussion on sage w be f\nd !          
significance ( ! g5]ic "n4 ,syria is    
said to be ! orig9al home ( cl>y1 b     
,italy is also m5tion$4 ,! presumption  
is 9 favor ( ! =m] c\ntry1 z x is !     
old]1 & ! plant 0 probably c>ri$ we/w>d 
f x by soldi]s or m]*ants4 ,9 ,engl&    
cl>y 0 kn[n prior to #aech1 :5 ,turn]   
publi%$ 8 g>d5 lore1 b 9 ,am]ica1 except
 9 =eign]s' g>d5s1 x is r>ely se54 ,x   
has be5 li/$ 9 se$sm5's catalogs s9ce   
#ahjf4  ,description4--,! l>ge1 v broad1
 oblong1 obtuse1 too!d1 woolly hair$1   
radical leaves are grayi% gre5 & some:at
 rumpl$ l ^? ( ,savoy cabbage4 ,f among 
!m rise ! #b-;foot tall1 squ>e1 bran*+1 
sp>sely leav$ /ems1 :i* dur+ ! second   
ye> be> small clu/]s ( lilac or :ite %[y
 fl[]s 9 long spikes4 ,! smoo? br[n or  
m>bl$ %9+ se$s reta9 _! g]m9at+ p[] =   

?ree ye>s4  ,cultivation4--,! plants    
?rive 9 any well-dra9$ soil4 ,se$ may be
 s[n dur+ ,m>* 9 drills #ah in*es ap>t  
:]e ! plants are to rema9 or 9 a se$b$ =
 transplant+ #ah in*es asund] 9 ,may4   
,clean cultivation is ne$$ ?r\gh\t !    
summ] until ! plants h full possession (
 ! gr\nd4 ,9 ,augu/ ! leaves may be     
ga!r$1 & if ?is h>ve/ be judici\sly done
 ! production ( foliage %\ld cont9ue    
until midsumm] ( ! second ye>1 :5 !     
plants w probably insi/ ^u fl[]+4 ,aft] 
?is x is be/ to rely ^u new plants =    
supplies ( leaves1 ! old plants be+     
pull$4  ,uses4--,9 ,am]ica1 ! leaves are
 little us$ 9 cook]y1 & ev5 9 ,europe !y
 seem to be less popul> ?an =m]ly1 sage 
hav+ tak5 _! place4 ,w9e is sometimes   
made f ! plant :5 9 fl[]4 ,z an         
ornam5tal1 cl>y is wor? a place 9 ! h>dy
 fl[] bord]4  ,illu/ration3 ,cori&]1 =  
,old-,fa%ion$ ,c&ies  ,cori&] 7,cori&rum
 sativum1 ,l9n471 a plant ( little      
beauty & ( easie/ culture1 is a h>dy    
annual h]b ( ! natural ord] ,umbellif]4 

,! popul> "n is d]iv$ f ! g5]ic1 :i*    
comes f ! anci5t ,greek ,koris1 a k9d ( 
bug1 9 allusion to ! disagreeable odor (
 ! foliage & o!r gre5 p>ts4 ,! specific 
"n ref]s to its cultivation 9 g>d5s4    
,h5ce ! sci5tific "n decl>es x to be !  
cultivat$ buggy-smell+ plant4  ,cori&]  
has be5 cultivat$ f su* anci5t times t  
its l& ( nativity is unkn[n1 ?\gh x is  
said to be a native ( s\!rn ,europe & ( 
,*9a4 ,x has be5 us$ 9 cook]y & ( c\rse1
 too1 9 m$ic9e2 =1 accord+ to anci5t    
reason+1 any?+ ) s pron\nc$ & unpleasant
 an odor mu/ necess>ily possess p[]ful  
curative or prev5tive attributes6 ,its  
se$s h be5 f\nd 9 ,egyptian tombs ( !   
#ba/ dyna/y4 ,_m c5turies lat] ,pl9y    
wrote t ! be/ quality ( se$ /ill came to
 ,italy f ,egypt4 ,prior to ! ,norman   
conque/ 9 #ajff1 ! plant 0 well kn[n 9  
,great ,brita91 probably hav+ be5 tak5  
!re by ! e>ly ,roman conqu]ors4 ,be=e   
#afgj x 0 introduc$ into ,massa*usetts4 
,dur+ ?is long p]iod ( cultivation !re  
seems to be no record or ev5 indication 

( v>ieties4 ,9 _m temp]ate & tropical   
c\ntries x has become a frequ5t we$ 9   
cultivat$ fields4  ,description4--,f a  
clu/] ( slightly divid$ radical leaves  
bran*+ /ems rise to heights ( #b to     
#b-a_/b feet4 ,t[>d _! summits !y be>   
mu* divid$ leaves1 ) l9e> segm5ts &     
umbels ( small :iti% fl[]s1 foll[$ by   
pairs ( unit$1 hemisph]ical1            
br[ni%-yell[1 deeply furr[$ se$s1 ab\t !
 size ( a sweet pea se$4 ,^! reta9 _!   
vitality = five or six ye>s4 ,! se$s d n
 h ! unpleasant odor ( ! plant1 b h a r 
agreeable smell & a mod]ately w>m1      
pung5t ta/e4  ,cultivation4--,cori&]1 a 
plant ( ! easie/ culture1 does be/ 9 a r
 light1 w>m1 friable soil4 ,9 ,europe x 
is (t5 s[n ) c>away1 :i*1 be+ a bi5nial 
& produc+ only a rosette ( leaves at !  
surface ( ! gr\nd ! fir/ ye>1 is n      
injur$ :5 ! annual cori&] is cut4 ,! se$
 is (t5 s[n 9 ! autumn1 ?\gh spr+ s[+ is
 p]haps 9 m favor4 ,! r[s are made ab\t 
#ae in*es ap>t1 ! se$s dropp$ #a in*    
asund] & #a_/b in* deep & ! plantlets   

?9n$ to #f or #h in*es4 ,s9ce ! plants  
run to se$ quickly1 !y mu/ be wat*$ &   
cut e>ly to prev5t loss & consequ5t se$+
 ( ! gr\nd4 ,aft] cur+ 9 ! %ade ! se$ is
 ?re%$ z already describ$ 7see page     
#bh74 ,on favorable l& ! yield may rea* 
or ev5 exce$ #a1ejj p\nds to ! acre4    
,uses4--,"s writ]s say ! "y leaves ( !  
plant are us$ 9 salads & = season+ s\ps1
 dress+s1 etc4 ,if ?is is s1 ,i c only  
rem>k t !re is no acc\nt+ = ta/es4 ,i am
 incl9$ to ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ^! writ]s are  
draw+ ^u _! imag9ation or h be5 /uff$ by
 p :o take pleasure 9 supply+           
mis9=mation4 ,! odor is su* z to sugge/ 
! flavor ( buggy raspb]ries we sometimes
 ga!r 9 ! f5ce r[s4 ,any p]son :o       
reli%es buggy b]ries may p]haps enjoy   
cori&] salad or s\p4  ,only ! se$ is (  
comm]cial importance4 ,x is us$ l>gely 9
 mak+ comfits & o!r k9ds ( confection]y1
 = add+ to bread1 &1 especially 9 !     
,ea/1 z an +r$i5t 9 curry p[d] & o!r    
condim5ts4 ,9 m$ic9e its *ief use n[ is 
to disguise ! ta/e ( disagreeable drugs4

 ,di/ill]s use x = flavor+ v>i\s k9ds ( 
liquors4  ,cum9 7,cum9um ,cym9um1       
,l9n471 a l[-gr[+ annual h]b ( ! ,nile  
valley1 b cultivat$ 9 ! ,m$it]ranean    
region1 ,arabia1 ,egypt1 ,morocco1      
,india1 ,*9a1 & ,pale/9e f v e>ly times1
 7,see ,isaiah xviii1 #be-bg & ,mat!w   
xxiii1 #bc47 ,pl9y is said to h consid]$
 x ! be/ appetiz] ( all condim5ts4 ,dur+
 ! middle ages x 0 9 v common use4 ,all 
! old h]bals ( ! sixte5? & ! sev5te5?   
c5turies figure & describe & extol x4 ,9
 ,europe x is ext5sively cultivat$ 9    
,malta & ,sicily1 & w mature se$ z f>   
nor? z ,norway2 9 ,am]ica1 today1 ! se$ 
is catalog$ by "s se$sm51 b v little is 
gr[n4  ,description4--,! plant is v     
dim9utive1 r>ely exce$+ a height ( #f   
in*es4 ,its /ems1 :i* bran* freely f !  
base1 be> m]e l9e> leaves & small lilac 
fl[]s1 9 little umbels ( #aj to #bj     
blossoms ea*4 ,! six-ribb$1 elongat$    
se$s 9 appe>ance resemble c>away se$s1 b
 are /raight]1 light] & l>g]1 & 9       
=mation are l ! d\ble se$s ( cori&]1    

convex on "o side & concave on ! o!r4   
,!y be> long hairs1 :i* fold up :5 ! se$
 is dry4  ,aft] ! se$ has be5 kept = two
 ye>s x beg9s to lose its g]m9at+ p[]1 b
 w spr\t reasonably well :5 ?ree ye>s   
old4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by a peculi>1 /rong
 aromatic odor1 & a hot ta/e4           
,culture4--,z soon z ! gr\nd has become 
w>m ! se$ is s[n 9 drills ab\t #ae in*es
 ap>t :]e ! plants are to rema94 ,except
 = keep+ d[n ! we$s no fur!r att5tion is
 necess>y4 ,! plants mature 9 ab\t two  
mon?s1 :5 ! /ems are cut & dri$ 9 !     
%ade4 7,see page #bh47 ,! se$s are us$ 9
 ,india z an +r$i5t 9 curry p[d]1 9     
,france = flavor+ pickles1 pa/ry & s\ps4
  ,illu/ration3 ,dill1 ( ,pickle ,fame  
,dill 7,ane?um graveol5s1 ,l9n471 a h>dy
 annual1 native ( ! ,m$it]ranean & !    
,black ,sea regions1 small] ?an common  
f5nel1 :i* x some:at resembles bo? 9    
appe>ance & 9 ! flavor ( ! gre5 p>ts1   
:i* are1 h[ev]1 less agreeable4  ,9     
anci5t times x 0 gr[n 9 ,pale/9e4 ,! ^w 
translat$1 anise 9 ,mat!w xxiii1 #bc1 is

 said to h be5 dill 9 ! orig9al ,greek4 
,x 0 well kn[n 9 ,pl9y's "t1 & is (t5   
discuss$ by writ]s 9 ! middle ages4     
,accord+ to ,am]ican writ+s1 x has be5  
gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry = m ?an #ajj ye>s &   
has become spontane\s 9 _m places4      
,description4--,ord9>ily ! plants gr[ #b
 to #b-a_/b feet tall4 ,! glauc\s1      
smoo?1 holl[1 bran*+ /ems be> v         
?readlike leaves & 9 midsumm] comp\nd   
umbels ) num]\s yell[ fl[]s1 ^: small   
petals are roll$ inw>d4 ,v flat1 pung5t1
 bitt] se$s are freely produc$1 & unless
 ga!r$ e>ly are sure to /ock ! g>d5 )   
volunte] se$l+s = ! foll[+ ye>4 ,"u fair
 /orage conditions1 ! se$s cont9ue      
viable = ?ree ye>s4 ,!y are r light2 a  
qu>t ( !m weighs ab\t #aa ounces1 & an  
ounce is said to conta9 ov] #be1jjj     
se$s4  ,cultivation4--,:]e dill has n   
already be5 gr[n se$ may be s[n 9 e>ly  
spr+1 pref]ably 9 a w>m s&y soil1 :]e ! 
plants are to rema94 ,any well-dra9$    
soil w d4 ,! drills %\ld be #a foot     
ap>t1 ! se$s scatt]$ ?9ly & cov]$ v     

%all[2 a b$ #ab feet squ>e %\ld supply  
abundance ( se$ = any ord9>y family4 ,to
 s[ ?is area #a_/d to #a_/b ounce ( se$ 
is ample4 ,= field use ! r[s may be #ae 
in*es ap>t & ! se$ s[n m ?9ly4 ,x %\ld n
 be cov]$ mu* m ?an #a_/d in*4 ,"s gr[]s
 favor fall s[+1 because !y claim ! se$ 
is m likely to g]m9ate ?an 9 ! spr+1 &  
also to produce bett] plants ?an        
spr+-s[n se$4  ,at all times ! plants   
mu/ be kept free f we$s & ! soil loose &
 op54 ,:5 ?ree or f\r weeks old ! se$l+s
 are ?9n$ to #i in*es1 or ev5 a foot    
ap>t4 ,z soon z ! se$ is ripe1 %ortly   
aft] midsumm]1 x mu/ be ga!r$ ) ! lea/  
possible %ak+ & h&l+1 s z to prev5t     
loss4 ,x is well to place ! /ems z cut  
directly 9 a tight-bottom$ c>t or a     
:eelb>r[1 ) a canvas receptacle = !     
purpose1 & to haul direct to ! %ade :]e 
dry+ is to occur4 ,a good place = ?is is
 a b>n1 ^u ! floor ( :i* a l>ge canvas  
%eet is spread1 & :]e a free circulation
 ( air c be secur$4 7,see page #bh47    
,uses4--,! ,fr5* use dill = flavor+     

pres]ves1 cakes & pa/ry4 ,= ^! purposes 
x is ( too /rong & pron\nc$ a "* to be  
reli%$ by ,am]ican palates4 ,! se$s     
p]haps m (t5 appe> 9 s\ps1 sauces &     
/ews1 b ev5 "h !y are reli%$ m by our   
,european resid5ts ?an by native        
,am]icans4 ,probably !y are mo/ us$ 9   
pickles1 especially 9 pres]v+ cucumb]s  
accord+ to ,g]man recipes4 ,?\s&s (     
b>rels ( su* pickles are sold annually1 
m especially 9 ! l>g] cities & to !     
poor] p2 b z ?is pickle is procurable at
 all delicatess5 /ores1 x has ga9$ great
 popul>ity among ev5 ! well-to-d4 ,an   
oil is di/ill$ f ! se$s & us$ 9 p]fum+  
soap4 ,! "y leaves are said to be us$ 9 
pickles1 s\ps & sauces1 & ev5 9 salads4 
,= ! la/ purpose !y are r /rong to suit 
mo/ p1 & = ! o!rs ! se$s are f> m       
popul>4  ,dill v9eg> is a popul>        
h\sehold condim5t4 ,x is made by soak+ !
 se$ 9 good v9eg> = a few days be=e us+4
 ,! quantity ( +r$i5ts to use is        
immat]ial4 ,only a c]ta9 am\nt ( !      
flavor c be dissolv$ by ! v9eg>1 & z few

 samples ( v9eg> are alike1 ! quantities
 bo? to mix & ( ! decoction to use mu/  
be left to ! h\sewife4 ,?is may be said1
 h[ev]1 t aft] "o lot ( se$ has be5     
treat$ ! v9eg> may be p\r$ (f & ! se$s  
/eep$ a second "t to get a weak]        
infusion4 ,! two infusions may !n be    
mix$ & kept 9 a d>k cupbo>d = use z     
ne$$4  ,f5nel 7,fo5iculum (fic9ale1     
,all471 a bi5nial or p]5nial h]b1       
g5]ally consid]$ a native ( s\!rn       
,europe1 ?\gh common on all ,m$it]ranean
 %ores4 ,! old ,lat9 "n ,fo5iculum is   
d]iv$ f fo5um or hay4 ,x has spread )   
civilization1 especially :]e ,italians h
 coloniz$1 & may be f\nd gr[+ wild 9 _m 
p>ts ( ! _w1 ^u dry soils ne> ! sea coa/
 & ^u riv] banks4  ,illu/ration3 ,sweet 
,f5nel  ,x seems to be p>tial to        
lime/one soils1 su* z ! *alky l&s (     
,engl& & ! %elly =mation ( ,b]muda4 ,9  
?is latt] community ,i h se5 x ?riv+ ^u 
cliffs :]e !re seem$ to be only a p9* ( 
soil1 & :]e ! rock 0 s dry & por\s t x  
w\ld crumble to co>se du/ :5 cru%$ 9 !  

h&4 ,! plant 0 cultivat$ by ! anci5t    
,romans = its aromatic fruits &         
succul5t1 edible %oots4 ,:e!r cultivat$ 
9 nor!rn ,europe at t "t is n c]ta91 b x
 is frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ,anglo-,saxon   
cook]y prior to ! ,norman conque/4      
,*>lemagne ord]$ its culture ^u !       
imp]ial f>ms4 ,at pres5t x is mo/ popul>
 9 ,italy1 & ,france4 ,9 ,am]ica x is 9 
mo/ dem& among ,fr5* & ,italians4 ,l _m 
o!r plants1 f5nel has _h a highly       
int]e/+ c>e] f a m$ical po9t ( view4 ,b 
x no long] plays ev5 a small "p 9 !     
drama4 ,h9ts z to its hi/ory may be f\nd
 on page #ed4  ,description4--,common   
g>d5 or long1 sweet f5nel is di/+ui%$ f 
its wild or bett] relative 7,f4 vulg>e7 
by hav+ mu* /\t]1 tall] 7#e to #f feet7 
tubul> & l>g] /ems1 less divid$1 m      
glauc\s leaves4 ,b a /ill m /rik+       
diff]5ce is se5 9 ! leaf /alks :i* =m a 
curv$ %ea? ar\nd ! /em ev5 z f> up z !  
base ( ! leaf above4 ,!n1 too1 ! gre5   
fl[]s are borne on m /urdy p$icels 9 !  
broad] umbels1 la/ly ! se$s are d\ble ! 

size ( ! wild f5nel se$s1 #a_/d or #a_/b
 in* long4 ,!y are convex on "o side1   
flat on ! o!r1 & are m>k$ by five       
yell[i% ribs4 ,?\gh a ,fr5* writ] says !
 se$ deg5]ates promptly1 & recomm5ds !  
use ( fre% se$ annually1 x w n be wise  
to ?r[ away any :]e x is n want$ to     
g]m9ate1 unless x is ov] f\r ye>s old1 z
 se$ z old ev5 z t is said to be        
satisfactory = plant+4                  
,cultivation4--,9 usual g>d5 practice   
f5nel is propagat$ by se$s1 & is gr[n z 
an annual in/ead ( z a bi5nial or a     
p]5nial4 ,! plants w fl\ri% 9 almo/ any 
well-dra9$ soil1 b seem to pref] light  
loams ( a limy nature4 ,x is n p>ticul> 
z to exposure4 ,! se$ may be s[n 9      
nurs]y b$s or :]e ! plants are to rema94
 ,9 ! b$s1 ! drills may be #f in*es     
ap>t1 & n m ?an #a-c in* deep1 or ! se$ 
may be scatt]$ broadca/4 ,an ounce w be 
en\gh = a b$ #aj feet squ>e4 ,:5 !      
plants are ab\t #c in*es tall !y %\ld be
 transplant$ #ae or #ah in*es asund] 9  
r[s #b to #b-a_/b feet ap>t4 ,"s gr[]s  

s[ 9 late summ] & 9 autumn s z to h e>ly
 crops ! foll[+ season2 !y also make    
sev]al successional s[+s at int]vals (  
"o or two weeks1 9 ord] to supply !     
dem&s ( _! cu/om]s = fre% f5nel /alks f 
midsumm] to ,decemb] or ev5 lat]4 ,!    
plants w gr[ m or less 9 v cold1 t is1 n
 actually freez+ wea!r4  ,if s[n 9      
place1 ! r[s %\ld be ! sugge/$ #b to    
#b-a_/b feet ap>t1 & ! plants ?9n$      
sev]al times until ! requir$ di/ance is 
rea*$4 ,?9n+s may be us$ = cul9>y       
purposes4 ,= family use half an ounce ( 
se$1 if fairly fre%1 w produce an ample 
supply ( plants1 & = sev]al ye>s1 ei!r f
 ! e/abli%$ roots or by rese$+4 ,unless 
se$ is ne$$ = h\sehold or s[+ purposes1 
! fl[] /ems %\ld be cut z soon z !y     
appe>4  ,uses4--,f5nel is consid]$      
indisp5sable 9 ,fr5* & ,italian cook]y4 
,! "y plants & ! t5d] leaves are (t5 us$
 = g>ni%es & to add flavor to salads4   
,!y are also m9c$ & add$ to sauces      
usually s]v$ ) pudd+s4 ,! t5d] /ems & ! 
leaves are employ$ 9 s\ps & fi% sauces1 

?\gh m frequ5tly !y are eat5 raw z a    
salad ) or )\t dress+4 ,! fam\s         
,c>osella ( ,naples consi/s ( ! /ems cut
 :5 ! plant is ab\t to bloom4 ,^! /ems  
are consid]$ a great delicacy s]v$ raw )
 ! leaf /alks /ill ar\nd !m4 ,oil1 v9eg>
 & pepp] are eat5 ) !m4 ,by s[+ at      
int]vals ( a week or #aj days ,italian  
g>d5]s manage to h a supply almo/ all ! 
ye>4  ,! se$s are us$ 9 cook]y1         
confection]y & = flavor+ liquors4 ,oil (
 f5nel1 a pale yell[ liquid1 ) a sweeti%
 aromatic odor & flavor1 is di/ill$ )   
wat]4 ,x is us$ 9 p]fum]y & = sc5t+     
soaps4 ,a p\nd ( oil is ! usual yield ( 
#ejj p\nds ( ! plant4  ,f9oc*io1 or     
,flor5ce f5nel 7,f4 dulce1 ,d4 ,c471    
des]ves special m5tion "h4 ,x appe>s to 
be a native ( ,italy1 a di/9ct dw>f     
annual1 v ?ick-set h]b4 ,! /em jo9ts are
 s close toge!r & _! bases s swell$ z to
 sugge/ mal=mation4 ,ev5 :5 full gr[n & 
produc+ se$1 ! plant r>ely exce$s #b    
feet4 ,! l>ge1 f9ely cut1 light gre5    
leaves are borne on v broad1 pale gre5  

or almo/ :iti% /alks1 :i* ov]lap at _!  
bases1 some:at l cel]y1 b mu* m swell$  
at edible maturity1 to =m a sort ( head 
or irregul> ball1 ! apple1 z x is call$1
 sometimes z l>ge z a man's fi/4 ,! se$s
 are a peculi> oblong1 mu* broad] ?an   
long1 convex on "o side & flat on ! o!r1
 ) five conspicu\s ribs4  ,cultivation  
is mu* ! same z = common f5nel1 ?\gh ow+
 to ! dw>f nature ( ! plant ! r[s & !   
plants may be clos] toge!r4 ,! se$l+s   
%\ld be #e or #f in*es asund]4 ,!y are v
 ?ir/y ?+s & require wat] frequ5tly4 ,:5
 ! apple atta9s ! size ( an egg1 e>? may
 be drawn up slightly to ! base1 :i* may
 be ab\t half cov]$2 cutt+ may beg9 ab\t
 #aj days lat]4 ,flor5ce f5nel is       
g5]ally boil$ & s]v$ ) ei!r a butt] or a
 cream dress+4 ,x sugge/s cel]y 9       
flavor1 b is sweet] & is ev5 m pleas+ly 
fragrant4 ,9 ,italy x is "o ( ! commone/
 & mo/ popul> ( vegetables4 ,9 o!r      
,european c\ntries x is also well kn[n1 
b 9 ,am]ica its cultivation is almo/    
conf9$ to ,italian g>d5s or to su* z    

supply ,italian dem&s 9 ! l>ge cities4  
,9 ,new ,york x is commonly sold by     
gre5groc]s & pu%c>t m5 9 ! ,italian     
sections4  ,f5nel ,fl[] 7,nigella       
sativa1 ,l9n471 an ,asiatic annual1     
belong+ to ! ,ranunculace1 gr[n to a    
limit$ ext5t 9 s\!rn ,europe1 b sc>cely 
kn[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,among ! ,romans x 0    
e/eem$ 9 cook]y1 h5ce "o ( its common   
names1 ,roman cori&]4 ,! plant has a r  
/iff1 erect1 bran*+ /em1 be>s deeply cut
 grayi%-gre5 leaves & t]m9al grayi%-blue
 fl[]s1 :i* prec$e odd1 too!d1 se$      
vessels fill$ ) small1 triangul>1 black1
 highly aromatic se$s4 ,= g>d5 use ! se$
 is s[n 9 spr+ aft] ! gr\nd gets w>m4 ,!
 drills may be #ae to #ah in*es ap>t & !
 plants ?9n$ to #aj or #ab in*es asund]4
 ,no special att5tion is necess>y until 
midsumm]1 :5 ! se$ rip5s4 ,^! are easily
 ?re%$ & clean$4 ,aft] dry+ !y %\ld be  
/or$ 9 sacks 9 a cool1 dry place4 ,!y   
are us$ j z !y are or l dill 9 cook]y4  
,ho>h\nd1 or horeh\nd 7,m>rubium vulg>e1
 ,l9n471 a p]5nial plant ( ! natural    

ord] ,labiat1 =m]ly widely e/eem$ 9     
cook]y & m$ic9e1 b n[ almo/ out ( use   
except = mak+ c&y :i* "s p /ill eat 9 ! 
belief t x relieves tickl+ 9 ! ?roat due
 to c\gh+4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! _w ho>h\nd has
 become naturaliz$ on dry1 poor soils1 &
 is ev5 a tr\blesome we$ 9 su*          
situations4 ,bees are v p>tial to       
ho>h\nd nect>1 & make a pleas+ honey f !
 fl[]s :]e ^! are abundant4 ,?is honey  
has be5 almo/ z popul> z ho>h\nd c&y1 & 
=m]ly 0 obta9able at druggi/s4 ,except 9
 isolat$ sections1 x has ceas$ to be    
sold 9 ! drug /ores4 ,! g5]ic "n        
,m>rubium is d]iv$ f a ,hebrew ^w mean+ 
bitt]4 ,! flavor is s /rong & la/+ t !  
mod]n palate wond]s h[ ! anci5t m\? c\ld
 /& su* a ?+ 9 cook]y4  ,! num]\s       
bran*+1 erect /ems & ! almo/ squ>e1     
too!d1 grayi%-gre5 leaves are cov]$ ) a 
d[n f :i* ! common "n ho>h\nd is d]iv$4 
,! :ite fl[]s1 borne 9 axill>y clu/]s   
=m+ :orls & spikes1 are foll[$ by small1
 br[n1 oblong se$s po9t$ at "o end4 ,^! 
may be s[n up to ! ?ird ye> aft] rip5+ )

 ! expectation t !y w gr[4 ,spr+ is !   
usual "t = s[+4 ,a dry1 poor soil1      
pref]ably expos$ to ! s\?1 %\ld be *os54
 ,! plants may /& #ab to #ae in*es ap>t4
 ,aft] once becom+ e/abli%$ no fur!r    
att5tion ne$ be giv5 except to prev5t   
se$ =m+1 ?us giv+ ! plant less *ance to 
become a nuisance4 ,(t5 ! clumps may be 
divid$ or lay]s or cutt+s may be us$ =  
propagation4 ,no protection ne$ be giv51
 z ! plants are h>dy4  ,an old au?or    
gives ! foll[+ recipe = ho>h\nd c&y3 ,to
 "o p9t ( a /rong decoction ( ! leaves &
 /ems or ! roots add #h or #aj p\nds (  
sug>4 ,boil to c&y height & p\r into    
molds or small pap] cases previ\sly well
 du/$ ) f9ely p[d]$ lump sug>1 or p\r on
 du/$ m>ble slabs & cut 9 squ>es4       
,hyssop 7,hyssopus (fic9alis1 ,l9n471 a 
p]5nial ev]gre5 und]%rub ( ! ,labiat1   
native ( ! ,m$it]ranean region4 ,?\gh   
well kn[n 9 anci5t times1 ?is plant is  
probably n ! "o kn[n z hyssop 9         
,biblical writ+s4 ,accord+ to ! ,/&>d   
,diction>y ! ,biblical hyssop is an     

unid5tifi$ plant 444 ?\ght by "s to h   
be5 a species ( m>joram 7,origanum m>u72
 by o!rs1 ! cap]-bu% 7,capp>is sp9osa72 
& by ! au?or ( ! ',hi/ory ( ,bible      
,plants1' to h be5 ! "n ( any common    
article 9 ! =m ( a bru% or a broom4 ,9  
anci5t & m$ieval times hyssop 0 gr[n =  
its fanci$ m$ic9al qualities1 = ornam5t 
& = cook]y4 ,except = ornam5t1 x is n[ v
 little cultivat$4 ,occasionally x is   
f\nd gr[+ wild 9 o!r ?an ,m$it]ranean   
c\ntries4  ,description4--,! smoo?1     
simple /ems1 :i* gr[ ab\t #b feet tall1 
be> lanceolate-l9e>1 entire leaves &    
small clu/]s ( usually blue1 ?\gh       
sometimes p9k or :ite fl[]s1 cr[d$ 9    
t]m9al spikes4 ,! small1 br[n1 gli/5+   
?ree-angl$ se$s1 :i* h a little :ite    
hilum ne> _! apices1 reta9 _! viability 
?ree ye>s4 ,leaves1 /ems & fl[]s possess
 a highly aromatic odor & a hot1 bitt]  
flavor4  ,cultivation4--,hyssop succe$s 
be/ 9 r w>m1 limy soil4 ,x may be       
readily propagat$ by division1 cutt+s1 &
 se$4 ,9 cold climates ! la/ way is !   

mo/ common4 ,se$ is s[n 9 e>ly spr+1    
ei!r 9 a cold frame or 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & 
! se$l+s transplant$ 9 e>ly summ]4 ,ev5 
:]e ! plants survive ! w9t]s1 x is      
advisable to r5ew !m e ?ree or f\r ye>s4
 ,:5 gr[n 9 too ri* soil1 ! gr[? w be v 
lu% & w lack aroma4 ,plants %\ld /& n   
clos] ?an #f in*es 9 ! r[s1 :i* %\ld be 
at lea/ #ah in*es ap>t4 ,!y d be/ 9     
p>tial %ade4  ,uses4--,hyssop has almo/ 
entirely disappe>$ f cul9>y practice    
because x is too /rong-flavor$4 ,its    
t5d] leaves & %oots are1 h[ev]1         
occasionally add$ to salads1 to supply a
 bitt] ta/e4 ,! colorless oil di/ill$ f 
! leaves has a peculi> odor & an acrid1 
camphoresc5t ta/e4 ,^u contact ) ! air x
 turns yell[ & *anges to a res94 ,f #djj
 to #ejj p\nds ( ! fre% plant yield a   
p\nd ( oil4 ,! oil is us$ to "s ext5t 9 
! prep>ation ( toilet articles4         
,lav5d]1 7,lav5dula v]a1 ,d4 ,c42 ,l4   
,angu/ifolia1 ,mo5*42 ,l4 spica1 ,l9n471
 a half-h>dy p]5nial und]%rub1 native ( 
dry1 calc>e\s upl&s 9 s\!rn ,europe4    

,its "n is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ^w ,lavo1 to 
wa%1 a di/illation ( ! fl[]s be+        
anci5tly us$ 9 p]fum+ wat] = wa%+ !     
body4 ,! plant =ms a compact clump #b to
 #b-a_/b feet tall1 has num]\s erect    
/ems1 be>+ small1 l9e> gray leaves1     
above :i* ! sl5d]1 squ>e1 fl[] /ems     
arise4 ,! small violet-blue fl[]s are   
arrang$ 9 a %ort1 t]m9al spike1 & are   
foll[$ by little br[n1 oblong1 %9y se$s1
 ) :ite dots at ! ends1 atta*$ to !     
plant4 ,! se$s rema9 viable = ab\t five 
ye>s4  ,cultivation4--,lav5d] succe$s   
be/ on light1 limy or *alky soil1 b w d 
well 9 any good loam4 ,9 g>d5s x is     
usually employ$ z an edg+ = fl[] b$s1 & 
is mo/ frequ5tly propagat$ by division  
or cutt+s1 se$ be+ us$ only to get a />t
 :]e plants _c be secur$ 9 ! o!r ways   
m5tion$4 ,9 cold climates ! plants mu/  
ei!r be protect$ or remov$ to a         
gre5h\se1 or at lea/ a cold frame1 :i* c
 be cov]$ 9 sev]e wea!r4 ,! se$ is s[n  
indoors dur+ ,m>*1 & if cr[d+1 prick$   
out #b in*es asund]4 ,:5 ! gr\nd has    

become w>m1 ! plants are set 9 ! op5 #ae
 to #bj in*es asund]4 ,x delights 9 a   
sunny situation1 & is mo/ fragrant on   
poor soil4 ,ri* soil makes ! plant l>g] 
b ! fl[]s poor] 9 p]fume4  ,uses4--,!   
plant is sometimes gr[n = a condim5t &  
an addition to salads1 dress+s1 etc41 b 
its *ief use is 9 p]fum]y1 ! fl[]s be+  
ga!r$ & ei!r dri$ = use 9 sa*et bags or 
di/ill$ = _! cont5t ( oil4 ,9 =m] ye>s  
no girl 0 suppos$ to be ready = m>riage 
until1 ) h] own h&s1 %e _h made h] own  
l95 & /or$ x ) lav5d]4 ,& 9 "s sections 
! lav5d] is /ill us$1 ?\gh ! l95 is     
n[adays pur*as$4  ,9 s\!rn ,france & 9  
,engl& consid]able areas are devot$ to  
lav5d] = ! p]fum]y bus9ess4 ,! fl[] /ems
 are cut 9 ,augu/1 cov]$ at once ) ba/  
matt+ to protect !m f ! sun & tak5 to ! 
/ills to obta9 ! ?91 pale yell[1        
fragrant oil4 ,f\r-ye>-old plants yield 
! greate/ am\nt ( oil1 b ! product is   
great] f a two-ye> plantation ?an f an  
old] "o1 ! plants !n be+ mo/ vigor\s4   
,two grades ( oil are made1 ! be/ be+   

us$ = lav5d] wat]1 ! poor] = soap mak+4 
,9 a good season ab\t "o p\nd ( oil is  
obta9$ f #aej to #bjj p\nds ( ! cut     
plants4  ,lovage 7,levi/icum (fic9ale1  
,ko*471 a p]5nial1 native ( !           
,m$it]ranean region4 ,! l>ge1 d>k-gre51 
%9+ radical leaves are usually divid$   
into two or ?ree segm5ts4 ,t[>d ! top ! 
?ick1 holl[1 erect /ems divide to =m    
opposite1 :orl$ bran*es :i* be> umbels (
 yell[ fl[]s1 foll[$ by highly aromatic1
 holl[$ fruits 7se$s7 ) ?ree prom95t    
ribs4 ,propagation is by division or by 
se$s n ov] ?ree ye>s old4 ,9 late summ] 
:5 ! se$ rip5s1 x is s[n & ! se$l+s     
transplant$ ei!r 9 ! fall or z e>ly 9   
spr+ z possible to _! p]man5t places4   
,ri*1 moi/ soil is ne$$4 ,root division 
is p]=m$ 9 e>ly spr+4 ,) cultivation &  
alt]nation l t giv5 to ,angelica1 !     
plants %\ld la/ = sev]al ye>s4  ,=m]ly  
lovage 0 us$ = a great v>iety (         
purposes1 b n[adays x is re/rict$ almo/ 
:olly to confection]y1 ! "y /ems be+    
h&l$ l ^? ( ,angelica4 ,s f> z ,i h be5 

able to le>n1 ! leaf /alks & /em bases1 
:i* 7 =m]ly blan*$ l cel]y1 are no long]
 us$ 9 ?is way4  ,m>igold 7,cal5dula    
(fic9alis1 ,l9n471 an annual h]b ( !    
natural ord] ,composit1 native ( s\!rn  
,europe4 ,its ,lat9 "n1 sugge/ive ( its 
fl[]+ habit1 signifies bloom+ ?r\gh !   
mon?s4 ,our ^w cal5d> is ( ! same       
d]ivation4 ,its %ort /ems1 ab\t #ab     
in*es tall1 bran* ne> _! bases1 be>     
lanceolate1 oblong1 unpleasantly sc5t$  
leaves1 & %[y yell[ or orange fl[]s 9   
heads4 ,! curv$1 gray se$s1 :i* are     
r\gh1 wr9kl$ & some:at sp9y1 reta9 _!   
g]m9at+ p[] = ab\t ?ree ye>s4           
,cultivation4--,= ! g>d5 ! se$ is       
usually />t$ 9 a hotb$ dur+ ,m>* or     
,april & ! plants prick$ out 9 flats #b 
in*es ap>t & h>d5$ (f 9 ! usual way4 ,:5
 ! wea!r becomes settl$ !y are set a    
foot or #ae in*es ap>t 9 r poor soil1   
pref]ably light & s&y1 ) sunny exposure4
 ,(t5 ! se$ is s[n 9 ! op5 & ! se$l+s   
?9n$ & transplant$ :5 ab\t #b in*es     
tall4  ,uses4--,! fl[] heads are        

sometimes dri$ & us$ 9 bro?s1 s\ps1     
/ews1 etc41 b ! flavor is too pron\nc$ =
 ,am]ican palates4 ,"o g>d5] rem>k$ t   
only a few plants are ne$$ by a family4 
,i ?9k t two w\ld produce ab\t twice z  
mu* z ,i w\ld c>e to use 9 a c5tury4 ,= 
cul9>y use ! fl[]s are ga!r$ :5 9 full  
bloom1 dri$ 9 ! %ade & /or$ 9 glass j>s4
 ,! fre% fl[]s h (t5 be5 us$ to color   
butt]4  ,! m>igold1 homely =gott5 fl[]1 
"u ! rose's b[]1 pla9 z a we$1 to quote 
,bay>d ,taylor1 is a g5]al favorite     
fl[]+ plant1 especially 9 c\ntry g>d5s4 
,x is s easily gr[n1 is s free a bloom]1
 & "u ord9>y managem5t cont9ues f e>ly  
summ] until ev5 h>d fro/s arrive1 t busy
 f>m]s wives & daught]s love x4 ,!n1    
too1 x is "o ( ! old-fa%ion$ fl[]s1 ab\t
 :i* s _m happy ?\ghts cl+4 ,:at m      
beautiful & sugge/ive l9es c\ld "o wi%  
?an ^!3    ,! m>igold1 ^: c\rti]'s face 
,e*oes ! sun1 & do? unlace   ,h] at 8   
rise1 at 8 full /op   ,packs up & %uts  
h] gaudy %op4            --,john        
,clevel&             ,on ,phillis ,walk+

 be=e ,sunrise    ,y\?6 ,y\?6 h[ buoyant
 are ?y hopes6 ,!y turn   ,l m>igolds   
t[>d ! sunny side1            --,jean   
,+el[             ,! ,f\r ,bridges      
,m>joram4--,two species ( m>joram n[    
gr[n = cul9>y purposes 7sev]al o!rs 7   
=m]ly popul>7 are memb]s ( ! ,labiat or 
m9t family--pot or p]5nial m>joram      
7,origanum vulg>e1 ,l9n47 & sweet or    
annual 7,o4 ,m>jorana74 ,really1 bo?    
plants are p]5nials1 b sweet m>joram1   
because ( its liability to be kill$ by  
fro/1 is s commonly cultivat$ 9 cold    
c\ntries z an annual t x has acquir$ ?is
 "n1 :i* readily di/+ui%es x f its h>dy 
relative4 ,p]5nial m>joram is a native (
 ,europe1 b has become naturaliz$ 9 _m  
cool & ev5 cold temp]ate climates4 ,x is
 (t5 f\nd wild 9 ! ,atlantic /ates 9 !  
bord]s ( woods4  ,illu/ration3 ,sweet   
,m>joram  ,! g5]al "n origanum1 mean+   
delight ( ! m\nta91 is d]iv$ f two      
,greek words1 oros1 m\nta92 & ganos1    
joy1 "s ( ! species be+ f\nd commonly ^u
 m\nta9 sides4 ,"u cultivation x has    

develop$ a few v>ieties ! mo/ popul> (  
:i* are a v>iegat$ =m us$ = ornam5tal   
purposes1 & a dw>f v>iety not$ = its    
ability to come true to se$4 ,bo?       
v>ieties are us$ 9 cook]y4 ,! p]5nial   
species seems to h _h ! long]           
association ) civilization2 at lea/ x is
 ! "o id5tifi$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,pl9y1      
,alb]tus ,magnus & ! ,engli% h]bali/s ( 
! middle ages4 ,annual m>joram is ?\ght 
to be ! species consid]$ sacr$ 9 ,india 
to ,vi%nu & ,siva4                      
,description4--,p]5nial m>joram rises   
ev5 #b feet high1 9 bran*y clumps1 be>s 
num]\s %ort-/emm$1 ovate leaves ab\t #a 
in* long1 & t]m9al clu/]s or %ort spikes
 ( little1 pale lilac or p9k blossoms & 
purple bracts4 ,! oval1 br[n se$s are v 
m9ute4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 heavy = _! size1 
s9ce a qu>t ( !m weighs ab\t #bd ounces4
 ,i am told t an ounce conta9s m ?an    
#cdj1jjj1 & w\ld r believe ?an be =c$ to
 prove x4  ,annual m>joram is mu* m     
erect1 m bu%-l1 has small]1 n>r[]       
leaves1 :it] fl[]s1 gre5 bracts & l>g]1 

b light] se$s--only #aac1jjj to ! ounce 
& only #bj ounces to ! qu>t6            
,cultivation4--,p]5nial m>joram :5 once 
e/abli%$ may be readily propagat$ by    
cutt+s1 division or lay]s1 b x is s easy
 to gr[ f se$ t ?is me?od is usually    
employ$4 ,!re is little dang] ( its     
becom+ a we$1 because ! se$l+s are      
easily de/roy$ :ile small4 ,! se$ %\ld  
be s[n dur+ ,m>* or ,april 9 flats or   
b$s t c be protect$ f ra94 ,x is m]ely  
du/$ on ! surface1 ! soil be+ press$ d[n
 slightly ) a bo>d or a brick4 ,until ! 
se$l+s appe>1 ! b$ %\ld be %ad$ to *eck 
evaporation4 ,:5 ! plants are #b or #c  
in*es tall !y may be transplant$ to !   
places :]e !y are to rema91 z !y are n s
 easy to transplant z lettuce &         
g]aniums4 ,! "w %\ld be done :ile !     
plants are v small1 & l>g] numb]s %\ld  
be set ?an w ultimately be all[$ to gr[4
 ,i h _h no difficulty 9 transplant+1 b 
"s p :o h _h pref] to s[ ! se$ :]e !    
plants are to /&4  ,if to be us$ = edg+1
 ! dw>f plants may be set #c or #f in*es

 ap>t2 ! l>g] k9ds require a foot or #ae
 in*es 9 :i* to develop4 ,9 field       
cultivation ! great] di/ance is ! m     
desirable4 ,f ! v />t ! plants mu/ be   
kept free f we$s & ! soil loose & op54  
,h&work is ess5tial until !y become     
e/abli%$4 ,! plants w la/ = ye>s4       
,annual m>joram is manag$ 9 ! same k9d (
 way z to se$+ & cultivation2 b z !     
plant is t5d]1 fre% s[+s mu/ be made    
annually4 ,to be sure1 plants may be    
tak5 up 9 ! fall & us$ = mak+ cutt+s or 
lay]s t[>ds spr+ = ! foll[+ seasons b$s4
 ,z annual m>joram is some:at small] ?an
 ! p]5nial k9d 7except ! dw>f p]5nial   
v>iety71 ! di/ances may be some:at less1
 say #i or #aj in*es4 ,annual m>joram is
 a quick-gr[+ plant--s quick1 9 fact1 t 
leaves may be secur$ )9 six or eight    
weeks ( s[+4 ,! fl[]s appe> 9 #aj to #ab
 weeks1 & ! se$ rip5s soon aft]4  ,:5 x 
is desir$ to cure ! leaves = w9t] use1 !
 /ems %\ld be cut j z ! fl[]s beg9 to   
appe>1 & dri$ 9 ! usual mann]4 7,see    
page #be47 ,if se$ is want$1 !y %\ld be 

cut soon aft] ! fl[]s fall or ev5 be=e  
all h fall5--:5 ! scales ar\nd ! se$s   
beg9 to look z if dry+4 ,! cut /ems mu/ 
be dri$ on %eets ( v f9e weave1 to      
prev5t loss ( se$4 ,:5 ! leaves are     
?or\ghly dry !y mu/ be ?ra%$ & rubb$    
be=e be+ plac$ 9 sieves1 fir/ ( co>se1 &
 !n ( f9] me%4  ,uses4--,! leaves & !   
fl[] & t5d] /em tips ( bo? species h a  
pleasant odor1 & are us$ = season+ s\ps1
 /ews1 dress+s & sauces4 ,!y are        
specially favor$ 9 ,france & ,italy1 b  
are popul> also 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,9  
,france m>joram is cultivat$ comm]cially
 = its oil1 a ?91 light yell[ or gre5i% 
liquid1 ) ! conc5trat$ odor ( m>joram & 
pepp]m9t4 ,x has a w>m1 & slightly bitt]
 ta/e4 ,ab\t #bjj p\nds ( /ems & leaves 
are ne$$ to get a p\nd ( oil4 ,"s       
di/illation is done 9 ,engl&1 :]e #gj   
p\nds ( ! plant yield ab\t "o ounce (   
oil4 ,?is oil is us$ = p]fum+ toilet    
articles1 especially soap1 b is p]haps  
less popul> ?an ! ess5tial oil ( ?yme4  
,m9t 7,m5?a viridis1 ,l9n47--,spe>m9t1 a

 memb] ( ! ,labiat1 is a v h>dy p]5nial1
 native to ,m$it]ranean c\ntries4 ,its  
g5]ic "n is d]iv$ f ! my?ological orig9 
ascrib$ to x4 ,poets decl>$ t ,pros]p9e 
became jeal\s ( ,cocytus's daught]1     
,m9!1 :om %e trans=m$ into ! plant4 ,!  
specific "n means gre51 h5ce ! common   
"n1 gre5 m9t1 (t5 appli$ to x4 ,! old   
,jewi% law did n require t ti!s ( m9t1  
anise & cum9 %\ld be paid 9 to !        
treasury1 b ! ,ph>isees paid !m :ile    
omitt+ ! weighti] matt]s1 ju/ice1 m]cy1 
& fai? 7,mat!w xxiii1 #bc74 ,f ?is & _m 
o!r ref]5ces 9 old writ+s x is evid5t t 
m9t has be5 highly e/eem$ = _m c5turies4
 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ,john ,g]>de wrote
 conc]n+ x t ! smelle rejoyce? ! he>t ( 
man4 ,inde$1 x has be5 s univ]sally     
e/eem$ t x is f\nd wild 9 ne>ly all     
c\ntries to :i* civilization has ext5d$4
 ,x has be5 kn[n z an escape f ,am]ican 
g>d5s = ab\t #bjj ye>s1 & is sometimes  
tr\blesome z a we$ 9 moi/ soil4         
,illu/ration3 ,m9t1 ,be/ ,fri5d ( ,roa/ 
,lamb  ,description4--,f creep+         

root/ocks erect squ>e /ems rise to a    
height ( ab\t #b feet1 & ne> _! summits 
be> spread+ bran*es ) v %ort-/emm$1     
acute-po9t$1 lance-%ap$1 wr9kl$ leaves )
 too!d edges1 & cyl9drical spikes (     
small p9k or lilac fl[]s1 foll[$ by v   
few1 r\ndi%1 m9ute1 br[n se$s4          
,cultivation4--,! plant may be easily   
propagat$ by means ( cutt+s1 (fsets &   
division 9 spr+4 ,!y may be expect$ to  
yield some:at ( a crop ! fir/ season1 b 
mu* m ! second4 ,9 field culture !y w   
cont9ue pr(itable = sev]al ye>s1 provid$
 t ea* autumn ! tops are cut (f ne> !   
gr\nd & a lib]al dress+ ( manure1 compo/
 or ev5 ri* soil is giv54 ,9 ord9>y g>d5
 practice x is well also to obs]ve ?is  
plan1 b usually m9t is !re all[$ to %ift
 = itself1 along ) ! hors]adi% & !      
,j]usalem arti*oke :5 su* plants are    
gr[n4 ,s treat$1 x is likely to give    
tr\ble1 because1 hav+ utiliz$ ! food 9  
"o spot1 its /ems seek to migrate to    
bett] qu>t]s4 ,h5ce1 if ! idea is to    
neglect ! plants1 a corn] ( ! g>d5 %\ld 

be *os5 :]e !re is no dang] ( _! becom+ 
a nuisance4 ,x is be/ to avoid all su*  
tr\ble by r5ew+ or *ang+ ! b$s e #e or  
#f ye>s4  ,m9t w gr[ any:]e b does be/ 9
 a moi/1 ri* loam & p>tial %ade4 ,if 9 a
 %elt]$ spot1 x w />t e>li] 9 ! spr+ ?an
 if expos$4 ,^u an ext5sive scale !     
drills %\ld be #b in*es deep & #ab to   
#ae in*es ap>t4 ,bits ( ! root/ocks are 
dropp$ at int]vals ( #f to #ab in*es 9 !
 r[s & cov]$ ) a :eel hoe4 ,= a new     
plantation ! root/ocks %\ld be secur$ :5
 ! /ems h gr[n #b or #c in*es tall4  ,= 
=c+1 ! clumps are lift$ 9 solid masses1 
) ! soil atta*$1 & plac$ 9 hotb$s or =c+
 h\se b5*es4 ,?ree or f\r in*es ( moi/  
soil is work$ 9 among & ov] !m & wat]$  
freely z soon z gr[? />ts4 ,cutt+s may  
be made 9 two or ?ree weeks4 ,(t5 m9t is
 s gr[n 9 lettuce & violet h\ses bo? ^u 
& "u ! b5*es4 ,dur+ w9t] & spr+ !re is  
en\gh ( a dem& = ! "y t5d] /ems & leaves
 to make ! plants pay4 ,x is said t !   
returns f an ord9>y #c x #f-;foot hotb$ 
sa% %\ld be #aj to #ae = ! w9t]4 ,=     

dry+1 ! /ems %\ld be cut on a dry day :5
 ! plants are approa*+ full bloom & aft]
 ! dew has disappe>$ 9 ! morn+4 ,!y %\ld
 be spread out v ?9ly 9 ! %ade or 9 an  
airy %$4 7,see page #be47 ,if cut dur+  
damp wea!r1 !re is dang] ( ! leaves     
turn+ black4  ,uses4--,9 bo? ! gre5 & ! 
dri$ /ate m9t is widely us$ 9 ,europe = 
flavor+ s\ps1 /ews & sauces = meats (   
unpron\nc$ "*4 ,among ! ,g]mans pulv]iz$
 m9t is commonly ^u ! table 9 cruets =  
du/+ ^u gravies & s\ps1 especially pea &
 bean purees4  ,9 ,engl& & ,am]ica ! mo/
 univ]sal use ( m9t is = mak+ m9t sauce1
 ! sauce p> excell5ce ) roa/ spr+ lamb4 
,no?+ c be simpl] ?an to m9ce ! t5d]    
tops & leaves v1 v f9ely1 add to v9eg> &
 sweet5 to ta/e4 ,_m p fancy !y don't l 
roa/ lamb4 ,! *ances are t !y h nev]    
eat5 x ) wellmade m9t sauce4 ,9 rec5t   
ye>s m9t jelly has be5 tak+ ! place ( ! 
sauce1 & p]haps ju/ly1 because x c n    
only be kept indef9itely )\t            
det]ioration1 b because x looks & is m  
tempt+4 ,x may be made by /eep+ m9t     

leaves 9 apple jelly or 9 "o ( ! v>i\s  
k9ds ( comm]cial gelat9s s popul> = mak+
 cold fruit pudd+s4 ,! jelly %\ld be a  
delicate %ade ( gre54 ,( c\rse1 be=e    
p\r+ into ! jelly glasses1 ! liquid is  
/ra9$ ?r\gh a jelly bag to remove all   
p>ticles ( m9t4 ,a h&ful ( leaves %\ld  
color & flavor f\r to six glasses full4 
,p>sley 7,c>um ,petrosel9um1 ,l9n471 a  
h>dy bi5nial h]b ( ! natural ord]       
,umbellif]1 native to ,m$it]ranean      
%ores1 & cultivat$ = at lea/ #b1jjj     
ye>s4 ,! specific "n is d]iv$ f !       
habitat ( ! plant1 :i* naturally gr[s   
among rocks1 ! ,greek ^w = :i* is       
petros4 ,_m ( ! anci5t writ+s conta9    
ref]5ces to x1 & "s give directions =   
its cultivation4 ,! writ+s ( ! old      
h]bali/s ( ! #ae? c5tury %[ t 9 _! times
 x _h already develop$ sev]al well-def9$
 =ms & num]\s v>ieties1 always a sure   
sign t a plant is popul>4 ,?r\gh\t ! _w 
today x is unque/ionably ! mo/ widely   
gr[n ( all g>d5 h]bs1 & has ! l>ge/     
numb] ( v>ieties4 ,9 moi/1 mod]ately    

cool climates1 x may be f\nd wild z a   
we$1 b n[h]e has x become a pe/4    ,ah6
 ! gre5 p>sley1 ! ?riv+ tufts ( dill2   
,^! aga9 %all rise1 %all live ! com+    
ye>4            --,mos*us  ,illu/ration3
 ,curl$ ,p>sley  ,description4--,l mo/  
bi5nials1 p>sley develops only a rosette
 ( leaves dur+ ! fir/ ye>4 ,^! leaves   
are d>k gre51 long /alk$ & divid$ two or
 ?ree times into ovate1 w$ge-%ap$       
segm5ts1 & ea* division ei!r entire1 z 9
 p>snip1 or m or less f9ely cut or      
curl$4 ,dur+ ! second season ! erect1   
bran*$1 *annel$ fl[] /ems rise #b feet  
or m high1 & at _! extremities be>      
umbels ( little gre5i% fl[]s4 ,! fruits 
or se$s are light br[n or gray1 convex  
on "o side & flat on ! o!r two1 ! convex
 side m>k$ ) f9e ribs4 ,!y reta9 _!     
g]m9at+ p[] = ?ree ye>s4 ,an int]e/+    
fact1 obs]v$ by ,palladius 9 #baj ,a4   
,d41 is t old se$ g]m9ates m freely ?an 
fre%ly ga!r$ se$4                       
,cultivation4--,p>sley is s easily gr[n 
t no g>d51 & inde$ no h\sehold1 ne$ be  

)\t x4 ,aft] once pass+ ! infant /age no
 difficulty ne$ be exp]i5c$4 ,x w ?rive 
9 any ord9>y soil & w d well 9 a w9d[   
box ) only a mod]ate am\nt ( light1 & t 
n ev5 direct sun%9e4 ,g>d5]s (t5 gr[ x  
b5ea? b5*es 9 gre5h\ses1 :]e x gets only
 small am\nts ( light4 ,no "o ne$       
hesitate to plant x4  ,! se$ is v sl[ 9 
g]m9at+1 (t5 requir+ f\r to six weeks   
unless soak$ be=e s[+4 ,a full day's    
soak+ 9 tepid wat] is none too long to  
wake up ! g]ms4 ,! drills may be made 9 
a cold frame dur+ ,m>* or 9 ! op5 gr\nd 
dur+ ,april4  ,x is ess5tial t p>sley be
 s[n v e>ly 9 ord] to g]m9ate at all4   
,if s[n late1 x may possibly n get en\gh
 moi/ure to spr\t1 & if s x w fail      
completely4 ,:5 s[n 9 cold frames or b$s
 = transplant+1 ! r[s may be only #c or 
#d in*es ap>t1 ?\gh x is p]haps bett]1  
:5 su* di/ances are *os51 to s[ ea*     
alt]nate r[ to =c+ radi%es1 :i* w h be5 
m>ket$ by ! "t ! p>sley se$l+s appe>4 ,9
 ! op5 gr\nd ! drills %\ld be #ab to #ae
 in*es ap>t1 & ! se$ plant$ some:at     

deep] & f>!r ap>t ?an 9 ! presumably    
bett]-prep>$ se$b$ or cold frame4 ,"o   
in* betwe5 se$s is none too little4  ,9 
field culture & at ! di/ances m5tion$   
six or sev5 p\nds ( se$ w be ne$$ = !   
acre4 ,= cultivation on a small] scale  
an ounce may be f\nd suffici5t = #ej to 
#ajj feet ( drill4 ,?is quantity %\ld be
 en\gh = any ord9>y-siz$ family4 ,9 all 
op5 gr\nd culture ! radi% is ! p>sley's 
be/ fri5d1 because x n only m>ks ! r[s1 
& ?us helps e>ly cultivation1 b !       
radi%es break1 loos5 & %ade ! soil & ?us
 aid ! p>sley plants4  ,:5 ! fir/ ?9n+  
is done dur+ ,may1 ! p>sley plants may  
be all[$ to /& #b in*es asund]4 ,:5 !y  
beg9 to cr[d at ?is di/ance ea* second  
plant may be remov$ & sold4 ,f\r to six 
little plants make a bun*4 ,! roots are 
left on4 ,?is ?9n+ w n only aid ! rema9+
 plants1 b %\ld br+ en\gh rev5ue to pay 
! co/1 p]haps ev5 a little m4 ,! fir/   
cutt+ ( leaves f plants ( field-s[n se$ 
%\ld be ready by midsumm]1 b z not$ bel[
 x is usually be/ to practice ! me?od t 

w ha/5 maturity & ?us cat* ! be/ price4 
,a bun* is ab\t ! am\nt t c be grasp$   
betwe5 ! ?umb & ! fir/ f+]1 #aj to #ae  
/alks4  ,x is usual to divide ! field   
into ?ree p>ts s z to h a succession (  
cutt+s4 ,ab\t ?ree weeks are requir$ = a
 new crop ( leaves to gr[ & mature aft] 
! plants h be5 cut4 ,l>g] yields c be   
secur$ by cutt+ only ! fully matur$     
leaves1 all[+ ! o!rs to rema9 & develop 
= lat] cutt+s4 ,?ree or f\r times z mu* 
c be ga!r$ f a giv5 area 9 ?is way4 ,all
 pla9 leaves ( su* plants injure !      
appe>ance & r$uce ! price ( ! bun*es :5 
(f]$ = sale4  ,if protect$ f fro/1 !    
plants w yield all w9t]4 ,!y may be     
easily transplant$ 9 cold frames4 ,^!   
%\ld be plac$ 9 "s w>m1 %elt]$ spot & ! 
plants set 9 !m #d by #f in*es4 ,mats or
 %utt]s w be ne$$ 9 only ! colde/ wea!r4
 ,half a doz5 to a doz5 /alks make !    
usual bun* & retail = #b or #c c5ts4  ,9
 ! home g>d51 p>sley may be s[n z an    
edg+ = fl[] b$s & bord]s4 ,= su* purpose
 x is be/ to s[ ! se$ ?ickly dur+ late  

,octob] or ,novemb] 9 d\ble r[s close   
toge!r1 say #c or #d in*es4 ,s[n at t   
"t1 ! plants may be expect$ to appe>    
e>li] ?an if spr+ s[n & to =m a ribbon (
 v]dure :i* w rema9 gre5 n only all !   
gr[+ season1 b well into w9t] if desir$4
 ,x is be/1 h[ev]1 to dig !m up 9 ! fall
 & res[ = ! ye> succe$+4  ,= w9d[       
culture1 all t is ne$$ is a box fill$ ) 
ri* soil4 ,! roots may be dug 9 ! fall &
 plant$ 9 ! box4 ,a sunny w9d[ is be/1 b
 any w9d[ w d4 ,if space is at a        
premium1 a nail keg may be made to yield
 a l>ge am\nt ( leaves4 ,n only may !   
tops be fill$ ) plants1 b ! sides also4 
,holes %\ld be bor$ 9 ! /aves ab\t #d   
in*es ap>t4 7,see illu/ration1 page #b47
 ,a lay] ( e>? is plac$ 9 ! bottom z    
deep z ! l[e/ ti] ( holes4 ,!n roots are
 pu%$ ?r\gh ^! holes & a second lay] (  
e>? put 94 ,! process is repeat$ till ! 
keg is full4 ,!n plants are set on !    
top4 ,z ! keg is be+ fill$ ! e>? %\ld be
 pack$ v firmly1 bo? ar\nd ! plants & 9 
! keg4 ,:5 full ! soil %\ld be ?or\ghly 

soak$ & all[$ to dra9 be=e be+ tak5 to !
 w9d[4 ,to insure a supply ( wat] = all 
! plants1 a %ort piece ( pipe %\ld be   
plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! keg s z to rea* ab\t 
half way t[>d ! bottom4 ,?is w enable   
wat] to rea* ! plants plac$ 9 ! l[] ti]s
 ( holes4 ,if ! leaves look yell[ at any
 "t1 !y may ne$ wat] or a little manure 
wat]4  ,z p>sley is gr[n = its leaves1 x
 c sc>cely be ov] f]tiliz$4 ,l cabbage1 
b1 ( c\rse1 ^u a small] scale1 x is a   
gross fe$]4 ,x dem&s t pl5ty ( nitrog5\s
 food be 9 ! soil4 ,t is1 ! soil %\ld be
 well suppli$ ) humus1 pref]ably d]iv$ f
 decay+ legum9\s crops or f /able       
manure4 ,a favorite comm]cial f]tiliz] =
 p>sley consi/s ( #c p] c5t nitrog51 #h 
p] c5t pota% & #i p] c5t phosphoric acid
 appli$ 9 ! drills at ! rate ( #fjj to  
#ijj p\nds to ! acre 9 two or ?ree      
applications--especially ! nitrog51 to  
supply :i* nitrate ( soda is ! mo/      
popul> mat]ial4  ,a common practice     
among m>ket g>d5]s 9 ! neighborhood (   
,new ,york has be5 to s[ ! se$ 9 _! cold

 frames betwe5 r[s ( lettuce transplant$
 dur+ ,m>* or e>ly ,april4 ,! lettuce is
 cut 9 ,may1 by :i* "t ! p>sley is gett+
 up4 ,:5 gr[n by ?is plan ! crop may be 
secur$ f\r or five weeks e>li] ?an if ! 
se$ is s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,! fir/ cutt+ 
may be made dur+ ,june4 ,aft] ?is fir/  
cutt+ has be5 made ! m>ket usually      
becomes ov]/ock$ & ! price falls1 s _m  
gr[]s d n cut aga9 until e>ly ,septemb] 
:5 !y cut & de/roy ! leaves prep>atory  
to secur+ an autumn & w9t] supply4  ,:5 
! wea!r becomes cool & :5 ! plants h    
develop$ a new & /urdy rosette ( leaves1
 !y are transplant$ 9 %all[ tr5*es ei!r 
9 cold frames1 9 cool gre5h\ses 7lettuce
 & violet h\ses71 "u ! b5*es (          
gre5h\ses1 or1 9 fact1 any conv5i5t     
place t is n likely to prove            
satisfactory = gr[+ plants t require m  
heat & light4  ,?is me?od1 x mu/ be     
said1 is n n[ z popul> ne> ! l>ge cities
 z be=e ! developm5t ( ! great truck+   
fields 9 ! ,atlantic coa/ /ates2 b x is 
a ?or\ghly practical plan & well wor?   

practic+ 9 ! neighborhood ( small]      
cities & t[ns n adequately suppli$ ) ?is
 g>ni%+ & flavor+ h]b4  ,a fair return f
 a cold frame to :i* ! plants h be5     
transplant$ ranges f #c to #g dur+ !    
w9t] mon?s4 ,s9ce _m sa%es are /or$ dur+
 ?is season1 su* a possible return      
des]ves to be consid]$4 ,! total annual 
yield f an acre by ?is me?od may v>y f  
#ejj to #hjj or ev5 m--gross4 ,by !     
ord9>y field me?od f #aej to #cjj is !  
usual range4 ,in/ead ( ?r[+ away !      
leaves cut 9 ,septemb]1 x %\ld be       
pr(itable to dry ^! leaves & sell !m 9  
t9s or j>s = flavor+4  ,:5 x is desir$  
to supply ! dem& = ,am]ican se$1 :i* is 
pref]r$ to ,european1 ! plants may be   
manag$ 9 any ( ! ways already m5tion$1  
ei!r all[$ to rema9 9 ! field or        
transplant$ to cold frames1 or          
gre5h\ses4 ,if left 9 ! field1 !y %\ld  
be p>tially buri$ ) litt] or co>se      
manure4 ,z ! gr\nd w n be occupi$ m ?an 
a ?ird ( ! second season1 a crop ( e>ly 
beets1 =c+ c>rots1 radi%es1 lettuce or  

"s o!r quick-matur+ crop may be s[n     
betwe5 ! r[s ( p>sley plants4 ,su* crops
 w mature by ! "t ! p>sley se$ is h>ve/$
 9 late ,may or e>ly ,june1 & ! gr\nd c 
!n be pl[$ & fitt$ = "s late crop su* z 
e>ly matur+ b late-s[n sweet corn1      
cel]y1 dw>f peas1 late beets or /r+     
beans4  ,:5 se$ is desir$1 e imp]fect or
 undesirable plant %\ld be root$ out &  
de/roy$1 s t none b ! be/ c f]tilize ea*
 o!r4 ,9 e>ly spr+ ! litt] mu/ be ei!r  
remov$ f ! plants & ! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s
 giv5 a cultivation to loos5 ! surface1 
or x may be rak$ betwe5 ! r[s & all[$ to
 rema9 until aft] se$ h>ve/4 ,9 ?is     
latt] case1 ( c\rse1 no o!r crop c be   
gr[n4  ,l cel]y se$1 p>sley se$ rip5s v 
irregul>ly1 "s umbels be+ ready to cut f
 "o to ?ree weeks e>li] ?an o!rs4 ,?is  
quality ( ! plant may be br$ out by     
keep+ ! e>lie/ matur+ se$ sep>ate f !   
lat] matur+ & *oos+ ?is = produc+       
subsequ5t se$ crops4 ,by su* selection  
"o to ?ree weeks may be sav$ 9 lat]     
seasons1 a sav+ ( "t n to be ignor$ 9   

g>d5+ op]ations4  ,9 ord9>y se$         
production ! heads are cut :5 ! bulk ( !
 se$ is br[n or at lea/ d>k color$4 ,!  
/alks are cut c>efully1 to avoid %att]+ 
! se$ (f4 ,!y are laid ^u %eets ( duck  
or canvas & ?re%$ v lightly1 at once1 to
 remove only ! ripe/ se$4 ,!n ! /alks   
are spread ?9ly on %utt]s or %eets 9 !  
sun = two days & ?re%$ aga94 ,at t "t   
all se$ ripe en\gh to g]m9ate w fall (f4
 ,bo? lots ( se$ mu/ be spread ?9ly on !
 %eets 9 an airy %$ or l(t & turn$ daily
 = #aj days or two weeks to make sure !y
 are ?or\ghly dry be=e be+ scre5$ 9 a   
fann+ mill & /or$ 9 sacks hung 9 a l(t4 
,v>ieties4--,!re are f\r well-def9$     
gr\ps ( p>sley v>ieties2 common or pla91
 curl$ or moss-leav$1 f]n-leav$1 &      
,hamburg4 ,! la/ is also kn[n z         
turnip-root$ or l>ge-root$4 ,!          
objections to pla9 p>sley are t x is n z
 ornam5tal z moss-leav$ or f]n-leav$    
sorts1 & because x may be mi/ak5 = fools
 p>sley1 a plant reput$ to be m or less 
poison\s4  ,9 ! curl$ v>ieties ! leaves 

are m or less deeply cut & ! segm5ts    
reflex$ to a great] or less ext5t1      
sometimes ev5 to ! ext5t ( %[+ ! light] 
gre5 und]sides4 ,9 ?is gr\p are sev]al  
subv>ieties1 di/+ui%$ by m9or diff]5ces1
 su* z ext5t ( reflex+ & size ( !       
plants4  ,9 ! f]n-leav$ gr\p ! v d>k    
gre5 leaves are n curl$ b divid$ into   
num]\s ?readlike segm5ts :i* give !     
plant a v delicate & da9ty appe>ance4   
,hamburg1 turnip-root$ or l>ge-root$    
p>sley1 is little gr[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is 
n us$ z a g>ni% or an h]b1 b ! root is  
cook$ z a vegetable l c>rots or beets4  
,^! roots resemble ^? ( p>snips4 ,!y are
 (t5 #f in*es long & #b in*es 9 diamet]4
 ,_! cultivation is l t ( p>snips4 ,!y  
are cook$ & s]v$ l c>rots4 ,9 flavor1 !y
 resemble cel]iac or turnip-root$ cel]y1
 b are n s pleas+4 ,9 ,g]many ! plant is
 r popul>1 b1 except by our ,g]man      
g>d5]s1 x has be5 little cultivat$ 9 ?is
 c\ntry4  ,uses4--,! ,g]mans use bo?    
roots & tops = cook+2 ! =m] z a boil$   
vegetable1 ! latt] z a po!rb4 ,9 ,engli%

 cook]y ! leaves are m ext5sively us$ = 
season+ fricassees & dress+s = mild     
meats1 su* z *ick5 & veal1 ?an p]haps   
any?+ else4 ,9 ,am]ican cook]y p>sley is
 also popul> = ?is purpose1 b is mo/    
ext5sively us$ z a g>ni%4 ,9 _m c\ntries
 ! gre5 leaves are mix$ ) salads to add 
flavor4 ,(t51 especially among !        
,g]mans1 ! m9c$ gre5 leaves are mix$ )  
o!r vegetables j be=e be+ s]v$4 ,=      
in/ance1 if a lib]al du/+ ( f9ely m9c$  
p>sley be add$ to peel$1 boil$ potatoes1
 imm$iately aft] dra9+1 ?is vegetable w 
seem l a new di% ( unusual delicacy4 ,! 
potatoes may be ei!r s]v$ :ole or ma%$ )
 a little butt]1 milk & pepp]4          
,p5nyroyal 7,m5?a ,pulegium1 ,l9n471 a  
p]5nial h]b ( ! natural ord] ,labiat1   
native ( ,europe & p>ts ( ,asia1 f\nd   
wild & naturaliz$ ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w 
9 /rong1 moi/ soil on ! bord]s ( ponds &
 /reams4 ,its squ>e1 pro/rate /ems1 :i* 
readily take root at ! nodes1 be>       
r\ndi%-oval1 grayi%-gre51 slightly hairy
 leaves & small lilac-blue fl[]s 9 :orl$

 clu/]s ( t5 or a doz51 ris+ 9 ti]s1 "o 
above ano!r1 at ! nodes4 ,! se$ is light
 br[n1 oval & v small4 ,l mo/ ( its ne> 
relatives1 p5nyroyal is highly aromatic1
 p]haps ev5 m s ?an any o!r m9t4 ,!     
flavor is m pung5t & acrid & less       
agreeable ?an t ( spe>m9t or pepp]m9t4  
,ord9>ily ! plant is propagat$ by       
division l m9t1 or m r>ely by cutt+s4   
,cultivation is ! same z t ( m9t4       
,plantations g5]ally la/ = f\r or five  
ye>s1 & ev5 long]1 :5 well manag$ & on  
favorable soil4 ,9 ,engl& x is m        
ext5sively cultivat$ ?an 9 ,am]ica =    
dry+ & = its oil1 ( :i* latt] a yield ( 
#ab p\nds to ! acre is consid]$ good4 ,!
 leaves1 gre5 or dri$1 are us$ abroad to
 flavor pudd+s & o!r cul9>y prep>ations1
 b ! ta/e & odor are usually n pleasant 
to ,am]ican & ,engli% palates & noses4  
,pepp]m9t 7,m5?a pip]ita1 ,l9n47 is mu* 
! same 9 habit ( gr[? z spe>m9t4 ,x is a
 native ( nor!rn ,europe1 :]e x may be  
f\nd 9 moi/ situations along /ream banks
 & 9 wa/e l&s4 ,9 ,am]ica x is probably 

ev5 m common z an escape ?an spe>m9t4 ,l
 its relative1 x has long be5 kn[n &    
gr[n 9 g>d5s & fields1 especially 9     
,europe1 ,asia & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4       
,description4--,l spe>m9t1 ! plant has  
creep+ root/ocks1 :i* rapidly ext5d x1 &
 (t5 make x a tr\blesome we$ 9 moi/     
gr\nd4 ,! /ems are small] ?an ^? (      
spe>m9t1 n s tall1 & are m purpli%4 ,!y 
be> ovate1 smoo? leaves ^u long] /alks  
?an ^? ( spe>m9t4 ,! :orl$ clu/]s (     
little1 r$di%-violet fl[]s =m loose1    
int]rupt$ spikes4 ,no se$ is borne4     
,cultivation4--,al?\gh pepp]m9t pref]s  
wet1 ev5 swampy1 soil1 x w d well on    
moi/ loam4 ,x is cultivat$ l spe>m9t4 ,9
 ,mi*igan1 we/]n ,new ,york & o!r p>ts (
 ! c\ntry x is gr[n comm]cially ^u muck 
l&s = ! oil di/ill$ f its leaves & /ems4
 ,among ess5tial oils1 pepp]m9t ranks   
fir/ 9 importance4 ,x is a colorless1   
yell[i% or gre5i% liquid1 ) a peculi>1  
highly p5etrat+ odor & a burn+1         
camphoresc5t ta/e4 ,an int]e/+ use is   
made ( x by sanit>y eng9e]s1 :o te/ !   

tightness ( pipe jo9ts by its aid4 ,x   
has ! faculty ( mak+ its escape &       
betray+ ! pres5ce ( leaks4 ,x is l>gely 
employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( soaps &       
p]fum]y1 b probably its be/ kn[n use is 
= flavor+ confection]y4  ,rosem>y       
7,rosem>9us (fic9alis1 ,l9n47--,z its   
g5]ic "n implies1 rosem>y is a native ( 
sea-coa/s1 rose com+ f ,ros1 dew1 & ,m>y
 f m>9us1 ocean4 ,x is "o ( ! _m ,labiat
 f\nd wild 9 limy situations along !    
,m$it]ranean coa/4 ,9 anci5t times _m & 
v>i$ virtues 7 ascrib$ to ! plant1 h5ce 
its (fic9alis or m$ical "n1 p]haps also 
! belief t :]e rosem>y fl\ri%es1 ! lady 
rules6 ,pl9y1 ,dioscorides & ,gal9 all  
write ab\t x4 ,x 0 cultivat$ by !       
,spani>ds 9 ! #ac? c5tury1 & f ! #ae? to
 ! #ah? c5tury 0 popul> z a condim5t )  
salt meats1 b has s9ce decl9$ 9         
popul>ity1 until n[ x is us$ = season+  
almo/ exclusively 9 ,italian1 ,fr5*1    
,spani% & ,g]man cook]y4                
,description4--,! plant is a half-h>dy  
ev]gre51 #b feet or m tall4 ,! erect1   

bran*+1 woody /ems be> a pr(usion (     
little obtuse1 l9e> leaves1 gre5 above &
 ho>y :ite b5ea?4 ,on _! upp] p>ts !y   
be> pale blue1 axill>y fl[]s 9 leafy    
clu/]s4 ,! light-br[n se$s1 :ite :]e !y 
7 atta*$ to ! plant1 w g]m9ate ev5 :5   
f\r ye>s old4 ,all p>ts ( ! plant are   
fragrant--! humble rosem>y ^: sweets s  
?anklessly are %$ to sc5t ! des]t       
7,?omas ,moore74 ,"o ( ! pleas+         
sup]/itions connect$ ) ?is plant is t x 
/r5g!ns ! memory4 ,?us x has become !   
emblem ( remembrance & fidelity4 ,h5ce !
 orig9 ( ! old cu/om ( we>+ x at w$d+s 9
 _m p>ts ( ,europe4    ,!re's rosem>y1  
t's = remembrance2 pray1 love1 rememb]3 
,& !re is pansies1 t's = ?\ghts4        
--,hamlet1 ,act iv1 ,sc5e #e4           
,cultivation4--,rosem>y is easily       
propagat$ by means ( cutt+s1 root       
division & lay]s 9 e>ly spr+1 b is mo/  
frequ5tly multipli$ by se$4 ,x does be/ 
9 r poor1 light soil1 especially if     
limy4 ,! se$ is ei!r s[n 9 drills #ah to
 #bd in*es ap>t or 9 *ecks #b feet      

asund] ea* way1 half a doz5 se$s be+    
dropp$ 9 ea* hill4 ,sometimes ! se$b$   
me?od is employ$1 ! se$ be+ s[n ei!r "u 
glass or 9 ! op5 gr\nd & ! se$l+s       
transplant$4 ,cultivation consi/s 9     
keep+ ! soil loose & op5 & free f we$s4 
,no special directions are necess>y z to
 cur+4 ,9 fro/less sections1 & ev5 :]e  
protect$ by build+s1 f5ces1 etc41 9     
mod]ate climates1 ! plants w cont9ue to 
?rive = ye>s4  ,uses4--,! t5d] leaves & 
/ems & ! fl[]s are us$ = flavor+ /ews1  
fi% & meat sauces1 b are n widely popul>
 9 ,am]ica4 ,our =eign-born population1 
h[ev]1 uses x some:at4 ,9 ,france l>ge  
quantities1 bo? cultivat$ & wild1 are   
us$ = di/ill+ ! oil ( rosem>y1 a        
colorless or yell[i% liquid sugge/+     
camphor1 b ev5 m pleasant4 ,?is oil is  
ext5sively us$ 9 p]fum+ soaps1 b m      
especially 9 ! manufacture ( eau de     
cologne1 ,hung>y wat] & o!r p]fumes4    
,rue 7,ruta graveol5s1 ,l9n471 a h>dy   
p]5nial h]b ( r\ndi%1 bu%y habit1 native
 ( s\!rn ,europe4 ,x is a memb] ( ! same

 botanical family z ! orange1 ,rutace4  
,9 old5 times x 0 highly reput$ =       
season+ & = m$ic9e among ! ,greeks & !  
,romans4 ,9 ,pl9y's "t x 0 consid]$ to  
be effectual = #hd maladies6 ,today x   
hangs only by its eyelids to our        
ph>macopoeia4 ,apicus notes x among !   
condim5ts 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 & ,magnus    
elev5 c5turies lat] praises x among !   
g>d5 escul5ts4 ,at pres5t x is little   
us$ = season+1 ev5 by ! ,italians & !   
,g]mans1 & almo/ n at all by ,engli% &  
,am]ican cooks4 ,probably because ( its 
acridity & its ability to bli/] ! sk9 :5
 mu* h&l$1 rue has be5 *os5 by poets to 
express disda94 ,%akespe>e speaks ( x z 
! s\r h]b ( grace1 & ,!udoba* says3     
,:5 a rose is too haughty = heav5's dew 
,%e become? a spid]'s gray lair2   ,& a 
bosom1 t nev] devotion knew   ,or       
affection div9e1 %all be fill$ ) rue    
,& ) d>kness1 & end ) despair4          
,description4--,! mu* bran*$ /ems1 woody
 bel[1 rise #ah to #bd in*es & be> small
 oblong or obovate1 /alk$1 blui%-gre5   

glauc\s leaves1 two or ?ree times       
divid$1 ! t]m9al "o broad] & not*$ at ! 
end4 ,! r l>ge1 gre5i%-yell[ fl[]s1     
borne 9 corymbs or %ort t]m9al clu/]s1  
appe> all summ]4 ,9 ! r\nd1 f\r or      
five-lob$ se$ vessels are black         
kidney-%ap$ se$s1 :i* reta9 _! vitality 
two ye>s or ev5 long]4 ,! :ole plant has
 a v acrid1 bitt] ta/e & a pung5t smell4
  ,cultivation4--,! plant may be readily
 propagat$ by means ( se$1 by cutt+s1 by
 lay]s1 & by division ( ! tufts4 ,no    
special directions are ne$$1 except to  
say t :5 9 ! place !y are to rema9 !    
plants %\ld be at lea/ #ah in*es        
ap>t--#ba or #bd in*es ea* way w\ld be  
ev5 bett]4 ,rue does well on almo/ any  
well-dra9$ soil1 b pref]s a r poor      
clayey loam4 ,x is well1 !n1 to plant x 
9 ! mo/ b>r5 "p ( ! g>d54 ,z ! fl[]s are
 r attractive1 rue is (t5 us$ among     
%rubb]y = ornam5tal purposes4 ,:5 s gr[n
 x is well to cut ! /ems close to !     
gr\nd e two or ?ree ye>s4  ,illu/ration3
 ,rue1 ,s\r ,h]b ( ,grace               

,uses4--,because ( ! exce$+ly /rong     
smell ( ! leaves1 rue is disagreeable to
 mo/ ,am]icans1 & c\ld n become popul> z
 a season+4 ,yet x is us$ to a small    
ext5t by p :o l bitt] flavors1 n only 9 
cul9>y prep>ations1 b 9 bev]ages4 ,!    
:ole plant is us$ 9 di/ill+ a colorless 
oil :i* is us$ 9 mak+ aromatic v9eg>s & 
o!r toilet prep>ations4 ,a p\nd ( oil   
may be secur$ f #aej to #bjj p\nds ( !  
plant4  ,sage 7,salvia (fic9alis1       
,l9n471 a p]5nial memb] ( ! ,labiat1    
f\nd naturally on dry1 calc>e\s hills 9 
s\!rn ,europe1 & nor!rn ,africa4 ,9     
anci5t times1 x 0 "o ( ! mo/ highly     
e/eem$ ( all plants because ( its reput$
 heal?-insur+ prop]ties4 ,an old adage  
reads1 ,h[ c a man die 9 ^: g>d5 sage is
 gr[+8 ,its v names betok5 ! high reg>d 
9 :i* x 0 held2 salvia is d]iv$ f       
salvus1 to be safe1 or salveo1 to be 9  
good heal? or to heal2 7h5ce also       
salvation67 & (fic9alis /amps its       
au?ority or indicates its recogniz$     
(ficial /&+4 ,! "n sage1 mean+ wisdom1  

appe>s to h _h a diff]5t orig91 b z !   
plant 0 reput$ to /r5g!n ! memory1 !re  
seems to be gr\nd = believ+ t ^? :o ate 
! plant w\ld be wise4  ,description4--,!
 almo/ woody /ems rise usually #ae to   
#ah in*es high1 ?\gh 9 ,holt's ,mammo?  
d\ble ^! sizes is n uncommon4 ,! leaves 
are oblong1 pale gre51 f9ely too!d1     
lance-%ap$1 wr9kl$ & r\gh4 ,! usually   
blui%-lilac1 sometimes p9k or :ite      
fl[]s1 borne 9 ! axils ( ! upp] leaves 9
 :orls ( ?ree or f\r1 =m loose t]m9al   
spikes or clu/]s4 ,ov] #g1jjj ( ! small 
globul>1 almo/ black se$s1 :i* reta9 _! 
vitality ab\t ?ree ye>s1 are requir$ to 
weigh an ounce1 & ne>ly #bj ounces to ! 
qu>t4  ,cultivation4--,sage does be/ ^u 
mell[ well-dra9$ soil ( mod]ate         
f]tility4 ,= cultivation on a l>ge scale
 ! soil %\ld be pl[$ deeply & all[$ to  
rema9 9 ! r\gh furr[s dur+ ! w9t]1 to be
 brok5 up z mu* z possible by ! fro/4 ,9
 ! spr+ x %\ld be f9$ = ! crop4 ,sage is
 easily propagat$ by division1 lay]s &  
cutt+s1 b ^! ways are practic$ on an    

ext5sive scale only ) ! ,holt's ,mammo? 
v>iety1 :i* produces no se$4 ,= o!r     
v>ieties se$ is mo/ popul>4 ,?is is s[n 
9 drills at ! rate ( two se$s to ! in* &
 cov]$ ab\t #a_/d in* deep4 ,at ?is rate
 & 9 r[s #ae in*es ap>t ab\t #h p\nds ( 
se$ w be ne$$ to ! acre4  ,illu/ration3 
,sage1 ! ,lead+ ,h]b = ,duck & ,goose   
,dress+  ,usually m>ket g>d5]s pref] to 
gr[ sage z a second crop4 ,!y !re=e     
raise ! plants 9 nurs]y b$s4 ,! se$ is  
s[n 9 v e>ly spr+1 n ?ick] ?an already  
m5tion$1 b 9 r[s clos] toge!r1 #f to #i 
in*es usually4 ,f ! />t ! se$l+s are    
kept clean cultivat$ & enc\rag$ to gr[  
/ocky4 ,by late ,may or e>ly ,june !    
fir/ s[+s ( summ] vegetables w h be5    
m>ket$ & ! gr\nd ready = ! sage4 ,!     
gr\nd is !n put 9 good condition & !    
sage se$l+s transplant$ #f or #h in*es  
ap>t usually4 ,clean cultivation is     
ma9ta9$ until ! sage has possession4    
,:5 ! plants meet1 usually dur+ late    
,augu/1 ! alt]nate ones are cut1 bun*$ &
 sold4 ,at ?is "t "o plant %\ld make a  

good bun*4 ,:5 ! r[s meet 9             
mid-,septemb]1 ! alt]nate r[s are       
m>ket$1 a plant !n mak+ ab\t two bun*es4
 ,by ! middle ( ,octob] ! f9al cutt+ may
 be />t$1 :5 ! rema9+ plants %\ld be    
l>ge en\gh to make ab\t ?ree bun*es ea*4
 ,?is la/ cutt+ may cont9ue well into   
,novemb] )\t s]i\s loss ( l[] leaves4   
,if ! plants are n ?9n$1 b are all[$ to 
cr[d1 ! l[] leaves w turn yell[ & drop  
(f1 ?us entail+ loss4  ,= cultivation ) 
h&-:eel hoes ! plants 9 ! r[s %\ld n /& 
clos] ?an #b in*es at fir/4 ,z soon z !y
 t\*1 ea* second "o %\ld be remov$ & ?is
 process repeat$ till1 :5 gr[+ 9 a      
comm]cial way1 ea* alt]nate r[ has be5  
remov$4 ,f9ally1 ! plants %\ld be #ab to
 #ae in*es ap>t4 ,= cultivation by horse
 ! r[s w ne$ to be f>!r ap>t ?an already
 not$2 #ah to #bd in*es is ! usual range
 ( di/ances4 ,:5 gr[n on a l>ge scale1  
sage usually foll[s field-gr[n lettuce1 
e>ly peas or e>ly cabbage4 ,if n cut too
 closely or too late 9 ! season sage    
plants /& a fair *ance to survive       

mod]ate w9t]s4 ,! specim5s :i* succe$ 9 
do+ s may be divid$ & transplant$ to new
 soil ) little tr\ble4 ,?is is ! common 
practice 9 home g>d5s1 & is usually m   
satisfactory ?an gr[+ a new lot ( plants
 f se$ ea* spr+4  ,= dry+ or = decoct+ !
 leaves are cut :5 ! fl[]s appe>4 ,!y   
are dri$ 9 ! %ade4 ,if a second cutt+ is
 to be made1 & if x is desir$ t ! plants
 %all live ov] w9t]1 ?is second cutt+   
mu/ n be made lat] ?an ,septemb] 9 !    
,nor?1 because ! new /ems w n h "t to   
mature be=e fro/1 & ! plants w probably 
w9t]kill4  ,sage se$ is produc$ 9 op5   
cups on sl5d] bran*es1 :i* gr[ well     
above ! leaves4 ,x turns black :5 ripe4 
,! /ems :i* be> x %\ld be cut dur+ a dry
 aft]noon z soon z ! se$s are ripe &    
plac$ on %eets to cure2 & sev]al cutt+s 
are necess>y1 because ! se$ rip5s       
unev5ly4 ,:5 any "o lot ( /ems on a %eet
 is dry a light flail or a rod w s]ve to
 beat ! se$ loose4 ,!n small sieves & a 
g5tle breeze w sep>ate ! se$ f ! tra%4  
,aft] scre5+ ! se$ %\ld be spread on a  

%eet 9 a w>m1 airy place = a week or s  
to dry /ill m be=e be+ /or$ 9 clo?      
sacks4 ,a fair yield ( leaves may be    
secur$ aft] se$ has be5 ga!r$4          
,illu/ration3 ,relative ,sizes ( ,holt's
 ,mammo? & ,common ,sage ,leaves        
,uses4--,because ( _! highly aromatic   
odor sage leaves h long be5 us$ =       
season+ dress+s1 especially to disguise 
! too great lusci\sness ( /rong meats1  
su* z pork1 goose & duck4 ,x is "o ( !  
mo/ important flavor+ +r$i5ts 9 c]ta9   
k9ds ( sausage & *eese4 ,9 ,france !    
:ole h]b is us$ to di/ill ) wat] 9 ord] 
to secure ess5tial oil ( sage1 a        
gre5i%-yell[ liquid employ$ 9 p]fum]y4  
,ab\t #cjj p\nds ( ! /ems & leaves yield
 "o p\nd ( oil4  ,samphire 7,cri?mum    
m>itimum1 ,l9n471 a ,european p]5nial ( 
! ,umbellif]1 common along rocky sea    
coa/s & cliffs beyond ! rea* ( ! tide4  
,f its creep+ root/ocks %ort1 /urdy1 m  
or less widely bran*$ /ems arise4 ,^!   
be> two or ?ree ?ick1 fle%y segm5t$     
leaves & umbels ( small :iti% fl[]s1    

foll[$ by yell[1 elliptical1 convex1    
ribb$1 v light se$s1 :i* r>ely reta9 _! 
g]m9at+ p[] m ?an a ye>4 ,9 g>d5s ! se$ 
is !re=e g5]ally s[n 9 ! autumn z soon z
 mature 9 fairly ri*1 light1 well-dra9$ 
loam4 ,! se$l+s %\ld be protect$ ) a    
mul* ( /raw1 leaves or o!r mat]ial dur+ 
w9t]4 ,aft] ! removal ( ! mul* 9 ! spr+ 
no special c>e is ne$$ 9 cultivation4 ,!
 "y1 t5d]1 aromatic & sal9e leaves &    
%oots are pickl$ 9 v9eg>1 ei!r alone or 
) o!r vegetables4  ,illu/ration3 ,da9ty 
,summ] ,savory  ,savory1 ,summ]         
7,satureia hort5sis1 ,l9n471 a little   
annual plant ( ! natural ord] ,labiat   
indig5\s to ,m$it]ranean c\ntries & kn[n
 z an escape f g>d5s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( !   
_w4 ,9 ,am]ica1 x is occasionally f\nd  
wild on dry1 poor soils 9 ,ohio1        
,ill9ois1 & "s ( ! we/]n /ates4 ,! g5]ic
 "n is d]iv$ f an old ,arabic "n1       
,ssatt>1 by :i* ! :ole m9t family 0     
kn[n4 ,among ! ,romans bo? summ] & w9t] 
savory 7 popul> #b1jjj ye>s ago1 n only 
= flavor+1 b z po!rbs4 ,dur+ ! middle   

ages & until ! #ah? c5tury x /ill       
ma9ta9$ ?is popul>ity4 ,up to ab\t #ajj 
ye>s ago x 0 us$ 9 cakes1 pudd+s &      
confections1 b ^! uses h decl9$4        
,description4--,! plant1 :i* r>ely      
exce$s #ab in*es 9 height1 has erect1   
bran*+1 h]bace\s /ems1 ) oblong-l9e>    
leaves1 tap]+ at _! bases1 & small p9k  
or :ite fl[]s clu/]$ 9 ! axils ( ! upp] 
leaves1 =m+ p5cil$ spikes4 ,! small1    
br[n1 ovoid se$s reta9 _! viability ab\t
 ?ree ye>s4 ,an ounce conta9s ab\t      
#db1ejj ( !m1 & a qu>t #ah ounces4      
,cultivation4--,= e>lie/ use ! se$ may  
be s[n 9 a sp5t hotb$ or a cold frame 9 
late ,m>*1 & ! plants set 9 ! op5 dur+  
,may4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 x is s[n 9 ! g>d5
 or ! field :]e ! plants are to rema94  
,9 ! hotb$ ! r[s may be #c or #d in*es  
ap>t2 9 ! field !y %\ld be n less ?an #i
 in*es1 & only ?is di/ance :5 h&        
:eel-hoes are to be us$1 & ea* alt]nate 
r[ is to be remov$ z soon z ! plants    
beg9 to t\* across ! r[s4 ,half a doz5  
se$s dropp$ to ! in* is fairly ?ick s[+4

 ,z ! se$ is small1 x mu/ n be cov]$    
deeply2 #a_/d in* is ample4 ,:5 ! r[s   
are #ae in*es ap>t ab\t #d p\nds ( se$ w
 be ne$$ to ! acre4 ,= horse cultivation
 ! drills %\ld be #bj in*es ap>t4 ,bo?  
summ] & w9t] savory d well on r poor dry
 soils4 ,if />t$ 9 hotb$s1 ! fir/ plants
 may be ga!r$ dur+ ,may4 ,g>d5-s[n se$ w
 produce plants by ,june4 ,= dry+1 !    
ne>ly mature /ems %\ld be cut j z !     
blossoms beg9 to appe>4 ,no special     
directions are ne$$ z to dry+4 7,see    
page #be47  ,uses4--,bo? summ] & w9t]   
savory are us$ 9 flavor+ salads1        
dress+s1 gravies1 & sauces us$ ) meats  
su* z veal1 pork1 duck1 & goose & =     
increas+ ! palatability ( su*           
prep>ations z croquettes1 rissoles &    
/ews4 ,summ] savory is ! bett] plant ( !
 two & %\ld be 9 e home g>d54  ,savory1 
,w9t] 7,satureia montana1 ,l9n471 a     
semi-h>dy1 p]5nial1 v bran*+ h]b1 native
 ( s\!rn ,europe & nor!rn ,africa4 ,l   
summ] savory1 x has be5 us$ = flavor+ = 
_m c5turies1 b is n n[ z popul> z =m]ly1

 nor is x z popul> z summ] savory4      
,description4--,! num]\s woody1 sl5d]1  
spread+ /ems1 (t5 m ?an #ae in*es tall1 
be> v acute1 n>r[1 l9e> leaves & pale   
lilac1 p9k1 or :ite fl[]s 9 axill>y     
clu/]s4 ,! br[n1 r triangul> se$s1 :i*  
reta9 _! vitality ab\t ?ree ye>s1 are   
small] ?an ^? ( summ] savory4 ,ov]      
#gj1jjj are 9 an ounce1 & x takes #ae   
ounces to fill a qu>t4                  
,cultivation4--,w9t] savory is readily  
propagat$ by means ( cutt+s1 lay]s &    
division z well z se$s4 ,no directions  
diff]5t f ^? relat+ to summ] savory are 
necess>y1 except t se$ ( w9t] savory    
%\ld be s[n :]e ! plants are to rema91  
because ! se$l+s d n /& transplant+ v   
well4 ,se$ is (t5 s[n 9 late summ] :]e !
 climate is n sev]e or :]e w9t]         
protection is to be giv54 ,! plant is   
fairly h>dy on dry soils4 ,:5 once      
e/abli%$ x w live = sev]al ye>s4  ,to   
increase ! yield ! /ems may be cut to )9
 #d or #e in*es ( ! gr\nd :5 ab\t ready 
to fl[]4 ,new %oots w appe> & may be cut

 9 turn4 ,= dry+1 ! fir/ cutt+ may be   
secur$ dur+ ,july1 ! second 9 late      
,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,9 all respects    
w9t] savory is us$ l summ] savory1 b is 
consid]$ inf]ior 9 flavor4  ,s\!rnwood  
7,artemisia ,abrotanum1 ,l9n471 a       
woody-/emm$ p]5nial belong+ to !        
,composit & a native ( s\!rn ,europe4 ,x
 gr[s f #b to #d feet tall1 be>s        
hairlike1 highly aromatic leaves & heads
 ( small yell[ fl[]s4 ,! plant is (t5   
f\nd 9 old-fa%ion$ g>d5s z an ornam5tal 
"u ! "n ( ,old ,man4 ,9 "s c\ntries ! "y
 %oots are us$ = flavor+ cakes & o!r    
cul9>y prep>ations4  ,tansy 7,tanacetum 
vulg>e1 ,l9n471 a p]5nial ( ! ,composit1
 native ( ,europe1 :5ce x has spread )  
civilization z a we$ almo/ all ov] ! _w4
 ,f ! v p]si/5t und]gr\nd p>ts annual1  
usually unbran*$ /ems1 sometimes #c feet
 tall1 are produc$ 9 m or less          
abundance4 ,!y be> mu*-divid$1 oval1    
oblong leaves & num]\s small1 yell[     
fl[]-heads 9 usually cr[d$ corymbs4 ,!  
small1 ne>ly conical se$s h five gray   

ribs & reta9 _! g]m9ability = ab\t two  
ye>s4  ,tansy is easily propagat$ by    
division ( ! clumps or by se$ s[n 9 a   
hotb$ = ! transplant+ ( se$l+s4 ,x does 
well 9 any mod]ately f]tile g>d5 soil1 b
 :y anyone %\ld gr[ x except = ornam5t1 
ei!r 9 ! g>d5 or z an in$ible g>ni%1 is 
m ?an ,i c und]/&4 ,:ile its odor is n  
exactly repulsive1 its acrid1 bitt] ta/e
 is su* t a nibble1 c]ta9ly a s+le leaf1
 w\ld la/ mo/ p a lifetime4 ,yet "s p   
use x to flavor pudd+s1 omelettes1      
salads1 /ews & o!r cul9>y di%es4 ,surely
 a peculi> ord] ( gu/atory pref]5ce6 ,x 
is said t donkeys w eat ?i/les1 b ,i h  
nev] kn[n !m to eat tansy1 & ,i am free 
to confess t ,i r admire _! pref]5ce = !
 ?i/les4  ,t>ragon 7,artemisia          
,dracunculus1 ,l9n471 a fairly h>dy1    
h]bace\s r %rubby p]5nial ( ! ,composit1
 suppos$ to be a native ( s\!rn ,russia1
 ,sib]ia1 & ,t>t>y1 cultivat$ = sc>cely 
m ?an #ejj ye>s = its leaves & t5d]     
%oots4 ,9 all civiliz$ c\ntries its     
popul> "n1 l its specific "n1 means     

dragon1 ?\gh :y x %\ld be s call$ is n  
cle>4  ,illu/ration3 ,t>ragon1 ! ,fr5*  
,*ef's ,delight  ,description4--,! plant
 has num]\s bran*+ /ems1 :i* be>        
lance-%ap$ leaves & n[adays :ite1 /]ile 
fl[]s4 ,=m]ly ! fl[]s 7 said to be      
f]tile4 ,no "o %\ld buy ! se$ (f]$ z    
t>ragon4 ,x is probably t ( a relat$    
plant :i* resembles t>ragon 9 ev]y?+    
except flavor--:i* is abs5t6 ,tagetes   
lucida1 :i* may be us$ z a sub/itute =  
true t>ragon1 is easily propagat$ by se$
 & c be procur$ f se$sm5 "u its own "n4 
,z t>ragon fl[]s appe> to be p]fect1 x  
is possible t "s plants may produce a   
few se$s1 & t plants rais$ f ^! se$s may
 repeat ! wond]4 ,inde$1 a v>iety :i*   
naturally produces se$ may ?us be       
develop$ & dissem9at$4 ,"h is "o ( !    
possible opportunities = ! h]b gr[] to  
b5efit 8 fell[-m54  ,cultivation4--,at  
pres5t t>ragon is propagat$ only by     
cutt+s1 lay]s & division4 ,!re is no    
difficulty 9 ei!r process4 ,! plant     
pref]s dry1 r poor soil1 9 a w>m        

situation4 ,9 cold climates x %\ld be   
p>tially protect$ dur+ ! w9t] to prev5t 
alt]nate freez+ & ?aw+ ( bo? ! soil & ! 
plant4 ,9 moi/ & heavy soil x w         
w9t]kill4 ,/rawy litt] or conif] b\ghs w
 s]ve ! purpose well4 ,half a doz5 to a 
doz5 plants w supply ! ne$s ( a family4 
,z ! plants spread a good deal & z !y   
gr[ #ae to #ah in*es tall1 or ev5 m1 !y 
%\ld be set 9 r[s #ah to #bd in*es ap>t 
ea* way4 ,9 a %ort "t !y w take         
possession ( ! gr\nd4  ,uses4--,! t5d]  
%oots & ! "y leaves are (t5 us$ 9       
salads1 & ) /eaks1 *ops1 etc41          
especially by ! ,fr5*4 ,!y are (t5 us$ z
 an +r$i5t 9 pickles4 ,/ews1 s\ps1      
croquettes1 & o!r meat prep>ations are  
also flavor$ ) t>ragon1 & = flavor+ fi% 
sauces x is especially e/eem$4          
,probably ! mo/ popul> way x is employ$1
 h[ev]1 is z a decoction 9 v9eg>4 ,= ?is
 purpose1 ! gre5 p>ts are ga!r$         
pref]ably 9 ! morn+ & aft] wa%+ are     
plac$ 9 j>s & cov]$ ) ! be/ quality     
v9eg> = a few days4 ,! v9eg> is !n drawn

 (f z ne$$4 ,9 ,france1 ! fam\s v9eg> ( 
,maille is made 9 ?is way4  ,! leaves   
may be dri$ 9 ! usual way if desir$4 ,= 
?is purpose !y are ga!r$ 9 midsumm]4 ,a 
second cutt+ may be made 9 late         
,septemb] or e>ly ,octob]4 ,t>ragon oil1
 :i* is us$ = p]fum+ toilet articles1 is
 secur$ by di/ill+ ! gre5 p>ts1 f #cjj  
to #ejj p\nds ( :i* yield "o p\nd ( oil4
  ,illu/ration3 ,?yme = ,sausage  ,?yme 
7,?ymus vulg>is1 ,l9n471 a v dim9utive  
p]5nial %rub1 ( ! natural ord] ,labiat1 
native ( dry1 /ony places on            
,m$it]ranean coa/s1 b f\nd occasionally 
naturaliz$ z an escape f g>d5s 9        
civiliz$ c\ntries1 bo? w>m & cold4 ,f   
e>ly days x has be5 popul>ly gr[n =     
cul9>y purposes4 ,! "n is f ! ,greek ^w 
?yo1 or sacrifice1 because ( its use z  
inc5se to p]fume ! temples4 ,) ! ,romans
 x 0 v popul> bo? 9 cook]y & z a bee    
=age4 ,l its relatives sage & m>joram1 x
 has practically disappe>$ f m$ic9e1    
?\gh =m]ly x 0 v popul> because ( its   
reput$ prop]ties4  ,description4--,!    

procumb5t1 bran*$1 sl5d]1 woody /ems1   
:i* seldom rea* #ab in*es1 be> oblong1  
triangul>1 tap]+ leaves f #a_/d to #a_/b
 in* long1 gre5 above & gray b5ea?4 ,9 !
 axils ( ! upp] leaves are little p9k or
 lilac fl[]s1 :i* =m :orls & loose1     
leafy spikes4 ,! se$s1 ( :i* !re are    
#agj1jjj to ! ounce1 & #bd ounces to !  
qu>t1 reta9 _! g]m9at+ p[] = ?ree ye>s4 
,cultivation4--,?yme does be/ 9 a r dry1
 mod]ately f]tile1 light soil well      
expos$ to ! sun4 ,cutt+s1 lay]s &       
divisions may be made1 b ! popul> way to
 propagate is by se$4 ,because ! se$ is 
v small1 x %\ld be s[n v %all[ or only  
press$ ^u ! surface & !n spr9kl$ ) f9ely
 sift$ soil4 ,a small se$b$ %\ld be us$ 
9 pref]5ce to s[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd fir/1   
because bett] att5tion c be giv5 su*    
little b$s2 second1 because ! area :]e !
 plants are ultimately to be c be us$ = 
an e>ly-matur+ crop4 ,9 ! se$b$ made out
 ( doors 9 e>ly spr+1 ! drills may be   
made #d to #f in*es ap>t & ! se$s s[n at
 ! rate ( #e or #f to ! in*4 ,a p\nd    

%\ld produce en\gh plants = an acre4 ,9 
h& s[+ direct 9 ! field1 a f9e dry s& is
 (t5 ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! se$ to prev5t too
 close plant+4 ,! proportion *os5 is    
sometimes z great z f\r times z mu* s& z
 se$4 ,:e!r s[n direct 9 ! field or     
transplant$ ! plants %\ld f9ally n /&   
clos] ?an #h in*es--#aj is pref]r$4 ,:5 
fir/ set !y may be half ?is di/ance4 ,9 
a small way "o plant to ! squ>e foot is 
a good rate to foll[4 ,! "y plants may  
be set 9 ! field dur+ ,june1 or ev5 z   
late z ,july1 pref]ably j be=e or j aft]
 a %[]4 ,! alt]nate plants may be remov$
 9 late ,augu/ or e>ly ,septemb]1 !     
alt]nate r[s ab\t ?ree weeks lat] & !   
f9al crop 9 ,octob]4  ,?yme w w9t] well4
 ,9 home g>d5 practice x may be treat$ l
 sage4 ,9 ! colde/ climates x may be    
mul*$ ) leaves or litt] to prev5t undue 
?aw+ & freez+ & consequ5t heav+ ( !     
soil4 ,9 ! spr+ ! plants %\ld be dug1   
divid$ & reset 9 a new situation4  ,:5  
se$ is desir$1 ! rip5+ tops mu/ be cut  
frequ5tly1 because ! plants mature v    

unev5ly4 ,b ?is me?od is (t5 m wa/eful  
?an spread+ clo?s or %eets ( pap] b5ea? 
! plants & all[+ ! se$ to drop 9 !m z x 
rip5s4 ,twice a day1 pref]ably ab\t     
noon1 & 9 ! late aft]noon ! plants %\ld 
be g5tly j>r$ to make ! ripe se$s fall  
into ! %eets4 ,:at falls %\ld !n be     
collect$ & spread 9 a w>m1 airy room to 
dry ?or\ghly4 ,:5 ?is me?od is practic$ 
! /ems are cut f9ally2 t is1 :5 ! bulk (
 ! se$ has be5 ga!r$4 ,!y are dri$1     
?re%$ or rubb$ & ! tra% remov$1 by      
sift+4 ,dur+ damp wea!r ! se$ w n       
sep>ate readily f ! plants4  ,( ! common
 ?yme !re are two v>ieties3 n>r[-leav$ &
 broad-leav$4 ,! =m]1 :i* has small     
grayi%-gre5 leaves1 is m aromatic &     
pleas+ ?an ! latt]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is mu* m
 popul>1 ma9ly because ( its size1 & n  
because ( its sup]iority to ! n>r[-leav$
 k9d4 ,x is also kn[n z w9t] or ,g]man  
?yme4 ,! plant is tall] & l>g] & has    
bigg] leaves1 fl[]s & se$s ?an !        
n>r[-leav$ v>iety & is decid$ly m bitt]4
  ,uses4--,! gre5 p>ts1 ei!r fre%1 dri$ 

or 9 decoction1 are us$ v ext5sively =  
flavor+ s\ps1 gravies1 /ews1 sauces1    
=cemeats1 sausages1 dress+s1 etc4 ,=    
dry+1 ! t5d] /ems are ga!r$ aft] ! dew  
is (f & expos$ to w>m air 9 ! %ade4 ,:5 
crisp !y are rubb$1 ! tra% remov$ & !   
p[d] plac$ 9 /opp]$ bottles or t9s4 ,all
 p>ts ( ! plant are fragrant because ( !
 volatile oil1 :i* is comm]cially       
di/ill$ ma9ly 9 ,france4 ,ab\t "o p] c5t
 ( ! gre5 p>ts is oil1 :i* aft]         
di/illation is at fir/ a r$di%-br[n     
fluid4 ,x loses its color on            
r$i/illation & becomes slightly less    
fragrant4 ,bo? grades ( oil are us$     
comm]cially 9 p]fum]y4 ,9 ! oil are also
 cry/als 7?ymol71 :i* resemble camphor &
 because ( _! pleasant odor are us$ z a 
dis9fectant :]e ! /rong-smell+ c>bolic  
acid w\ld be objectionable4  ,besides   
common ?yme two o!r relat$ species are  
cultivat$ to "s ext5t = cul9>y purposes4
 ,lemon ?yme 7,t4 citriodorus1 ,p]s471 l
 its common relative1 is a little       
und]%rub1 ) procumb5t /ems & ) a        

p>ticul>ly pleas+ fragrance4 ,wild ?yme1
 or "m-(-?yme 7,t4 s]pyllum1 ,l9n471 is 
a less gr[n p]5nial1 ) violet or p9k    
fl[]s4 ,x is occasionally se5 9 c\ntry  
home g>d5s1 & is also us$ some:at =     
season+4     ,,index          ,page     
,angelica1 #ef     c&i$1 #ei    ,anise1 
#ei     9 ,bible1 #ac     ,bags ( h]bs1 
#f    ,balm1 #fc     dem& =1 #bj        
,b>rel ( h]bs1 #h    ,basil1 #fe        
dem& =1 #bj     tree1 #fh    ,bible1    
h]bs m5tion$ 91 #ab    ,borage1 #ga     
,b\quet ( h]bs1 #f    ,bride's tr\sseau1
 #g     ,c>away1 #gc    ,catnip1 #gg    
,*]vil1 #gi    ,*ives1 #hj    ,cl>y1 #ha
    ,clevel&1 ,john1 quot$1 #aja        
,cori&]1 #hb    ,cultivation1 #dg       
,cum91 #hd     9 ,bible1 #ac    ,cur+1  
#bb    ,cutt+s1 propagation by1 #cd     
,dibbles taboo$1 #db    ,dill1 #hg      
dem& =1 #ba     = pickles1 #ba    ,d9n] 
( h]bs1 #g    ,division1 propagation by1
 #cg    ,d\ble cropp+1 #dh    ,dry+1 #be
    ,dry+ se$s1 #bh     ,eggs1 /uff$1 #i
    ,evaporator1 #bf     ,f5nel1 #hi    

dem& =1 #bj     ,flor5ce1 #ic    ,f5nel 
,fl[]1 #id    ,f9oc*io1 #ic             
,g>ni%es1 #ai1 #cj     ,h]b hi/ory1 #ab 
,hi/ory ( h]bs1 #ab    ,ho>h\nd1 #ie    
,hyssop1 #if     ,+el[1 ,jean quot$1    
#aja     ,lav5d]1 #ig     & l951 #g     
,lay]s1 propagation by1 #cf    ,lovage1 
#ii    ,lun*1 h]b1 #h     ,mac,donald1  
,george1 quot$1 #gb    ,m>igold1 #ajj   
,m>joram1 #aja     dem& =1 #bj    ,m>ket
 g>d5+1 h]b1 #ad    ,m$ic9e1 h]bs 91 #ec
    ,m9t1 #aje     dem& =1 #ba     9    
,bible1 #ac    ,mos*us quot$1 #aji      
,mov+ pictures1 #d     ,omelette1 h]b1  
#i     ,packages = sell+1 #ad           
,p>sley1 #aji     9 mo/ dem&1 #ai       
,pepp]m9t1 #aai    ,pictures1 mov+1 #d  
,pill[s full ( h]bs1 #f    ,propagation1
 #cb     ,rosem>y1 #abj    ,rue1 #abb   
9 ,bible1 #ac     ,sage1 #abe     9     
dem&1 #bj    ,salad1 h]b1 #i            
,samphire1 #abi    ,s&wi*es1 h]b &      
*eese1 #e     lettuce & na/urtium1 #aj  
,savory1 dem& =1 #bj     summ]1 #aca    
w9t]1 #acb    ,se$s1 propagation by1 #cb

    ,selection = v>iety1 #ae            
,%akespe>e quot$1 #f1 #fc1 #aba         
,sieves1 sizes to use1 #bi    ,soda     
wat]1 #d    ,soil prep>ation1 #de       
,solomon's h]b d9n]1 #c    ,s\p1 p>sley1
 #h    ,s\!rnwood1 #acc    ,/or+1 #be   
,sup]/itions ab\t h]bs1 #ed     ,tagetes
 lucida1 #ace    ,tansy1 #acd           
,t>ragon1 #acd    ,!udoba* quot$1 #abc  
,?yme1 #acg     dem& =1 #bj     lemon1  
#ada    ,transplant+1 #ci     ,v>ieties1
 production (1 #ae     ,wat]1 importance
 (1 #da