,! ,color$ ,inv5tor  ,a ,,record ,,(    
,,fifty ,,ye>s  ,by ,,h5ry ,e4 ,,bak]4  
,assi/ant ,exam9] ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t  
,(fice   ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,e4       
,,bak]4     ,! ye> #aiac m>ks ! close ( 
! fir/ fifty ye>s s9ce ,abraham ,l9coln 
issu$ t fam\s edict kn[n z !            
emancipation proclamation1 by :i*       
physical fre$om 0 v\*saf$ to ! slaves & 
! desc5dants ( slaves 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,& x
 w\ld seem entirely fit & prop] t ^? :o 
7 ei!r directly or indirectly b5efit$ by
 t proclamation %\ld pause long en\gh at
 ?is p]iod 9 _! national life to review 
! pa/1 rec\nt ! progress made1 & see1 if
 possible1 :at ( ! future is disclos$ 9 
! pa/4  ,t ! color$ p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
h made sub/antial progress 9 ! g5]al    
spread ( intellig5ce among !m1 & 9      
elevat+ ! tone ( _! moral life2 9 !     
acquisition ( prop]ty2 9 ! developm5t & 
support ( bus9ess ent]prises1 & 9 !     
pr(essional activities1 is a matt] ( q  
common ass5t by ^? :o h be5 at all      
obs]vant on ! subject4 ,?is fact is     

amply %[n to be true by ! _m            
univ]sities1 colleges & s*ools organiz$1
 support$ & mann$ by ! race1 by _!      
attractive homes & cultur$ home life1   
f\nd n[ 9 all p>ts ( our c\ntry2 by !   
increas+ numb]s ( ^? ( ! race :o are    
successfully engag+ 9 pr(essional life1 
& by ! gradual advance ! race is mak+   
t[>d bus9ess effici5cy 9 _m v>i$ l9es ( 
bus9ess activity4  ,x is n s app>5t1    
h[ev]1 to ! g5]al public t along ! l9e (
 inv5tions also ! color$ race has made  
surpris+ & sub/antial progress2 & t x   
has foll[$1 ev5 if af> (f1 ! foot/eps ( 
! m favor$ race4 ,& x is highly         
important1 !re=e1 t we %\ld make note ( 
:at ! race has a*iev$ along ?is l9e to !
 end t prop] cr$it may be accord$ x z   
hav+ made "s contribution to our        
national progress4  ,/&+ =emo/ 9 ! li/ (
 ?+s t h actually done mo/ to promote   
our national progress 9 all mat]ial ways
 is ! item ( inv5tions4 ,)\t inv5tions  
we %\ld h _h no agricultural implem5ts )
 :i* to till ! f]tile fields ( our va/  

cont95t2 no m9+ ma*9]y = recov]+ ! ri*  
treasure t = c5turies lay hidd5 b5ea?   
our surface2 no /eamc> or /eamboat =    
transport+ ! products ( field & m9e2 no 
ma*9]y = conv]t+ ^? products into o!r   
=ms ( comm]cial ne$s2 no telegraph or   
telephone = ! spe$y transmission (      
messages1 no means = discov]+ &         
controll+ ! v>i\s utilit>ian            
applications ( electricity2 no "o ( ^?  
delicate in/rum5ts :i* enable ! skilful 
surgeon ( to-day to trans=m & r5ew !    
human body1 & (t5 to make life itself /&
 erect1 z x 71 9 ! v pres5ce ( dea?4    
,)\t inv5tions we c\ld h none ( ^?      
num]\s in/rum5ts :i* to-day 9 ! h&s ( ! 
sci5ti/ enable him accurately to =eca/ !
 wea!r1 to anticipate & provide aga9/   
/orms on l& & at sea1 to detect seismic 
di/urbances & w>n aga9/ ! dang]s incid5t
 to _! repetition2 & no wireless        
telegraphy ) its manifold bless+s to    
humanity4  ,all ^! great a*ievem5ts h   
come to u f ! h& ( ! inv5tor4 ,he x is  
:o has enabl$ u to inhabit ! air above  

u1 to tunnel ! e>? b5ea?1 explore !     
my/]ies ( ! sea1 & 9 a ?\s& ways1 unkn[n
 to our =efa!rs1 multiply human com=ts &
 m9imize human mis]y4 ,inde$1 x is      
difficult to recall a s+le feature ( our
 national progress along mat]ial l9es t 
has n be5 vitaliz$ by ! t\* ( !         
inv5tor's g5ius4  ,into ?is va/ yet     
specific field ( sci5tific indu/ry !    
color$ man has1 contr>y to ! belief (   
_m1 made 8 entry1 & has br\ght to 8 "w 9
 x t same degree ( pati5t               
inquisitiv5ess1 plodd+ indu/ry & pa9/ak+
 exp]im5t t has s ri*ly rew>d$ o!rs 9 ! 
same l9e ( endeavor1 namely1 ! endeavor 
bo? to create new ?+s & to effect su*   
new comb9ations ( old ?+s z w adapt !m  
to new uses4 ,we "k t ! color$ man has  
accompli%$ some?+--inde$1 a v great     
deal--9 ! field ( inv5tion1 b x w\ld be 
( ! fir/ importance to u n[ to "k       
exactly :at he has done1 & ! comm]cial  
value ( 8 productions4 ,un=tunately = u1
 h[ev]1 ?is c nev] be kn[n 9 all its    
complet5ess4  ,a v rec5t exp]im5t 9 !   

matt] ( collect+ in=mation on ?is       
subject has disclos$ "s rem>kably /rik+ 
facts1 n ! lea/ int]e/+ ( :i* is ! v    
widespread belief among ^? :o ought to  
"k bett] t ! color$ man has done        
absolutely no?+ ( value 9 ! l9e (       
inv5tion4 ,?is is b a reflex ( ! op9ions
 v>i\sly express$ by o!rs at diff]5t    
times on ! subject ( ! capacity ( !     
color$ man = m5tal "w ( a high ord]4    
,?omas ,jeff]son's rem>k t no color$ man
 c\ld probably be f\nd :o 0 capable (   
tak+ 9 & compreh5d+ ,euclid1 & t none _h
 made any contribution to ! civilization
 ( ! _w ?r\gh 8 art1 w\ld p]haps appe>  
some:at excusable :5 view$ 9 ! light ( !
 prevail+ conditions 9 8 day1 & on :i*1 
( c\rse1 8 judgm5t 0 bas$2 b ev5 at t "t
 ,jeff]son knew some?+ ( ! sup]ior      
quality ( ,b5jam9 ,bannek]'s m5tal      
equipm5t1 = x is on record t !y ex*ang$ 
lett]s on t subject4  ,com+ d[n to a    
lat] day1 :5 our race z a :ole _h %>$1  
to "s ext5t at lea/1 9 ! progress (     
le>n+1 s well in=m$ an expon5t ( popul> 

?\ght z ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*] is said to h  
decl>$ t ! :ole ,african race 9 its     
native l& c\ld be oblit]at$ f ! face ( !
 e>? )\t loss to civilization1 & yet    
,bee*] knew1 or %\ld h kn[n1 ( ! s*ol>ly
 ,dr4 ,blyd51 ( ,lib]ia1 :o 0 at "o "t  
presid5t ( ! college ( ,lib]ia at       
,monrovia1 & m9i/] f 8 c\ntry to ! ,c\rt
 ( ,/4 ,james1 & ^: contributions to !  
lead+ magaz9es ( ,europe & ,am]ica 7    
eag]ly accept$ & widely read on bo?     
cont95ts4  ,less ?an t5 ye>s ago1 9 a   
hotly conte/$ campaign 9 ! ,/ate (      
,m>yl&1 a popul> c&idate = ,congress    
rem>k$1 9 "o ( 8 spee*es1 t ! color$    
race %\ld be d5i$ ! "r to vote because  
none ( !m _h ev] ev9c$ suffici5t        
capacity to ju/ify su* a privilege1 & t 
no "o ( ! race _h ev] yet rea*$ !       
dignity ( an inv5tor4 ,yet1 at t v      
mom5t1 !re 0 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress 9  
,wa%+ton a book ( ne>ly #ejj pages      
conta9+ a li/ ( ne>ly #djj pat5ts       
repres5t+ ! inv5tions ( color$ p4  ,only
 a few ye>s lat] a lead+ newspap] 9 !   

city ( ,ri*mond1 ,va41 made ! bold      
/atem5t t ( ! _m ?\s&s ( pat5ts annually
 grant$ by our gov]nm5t to ! inv5tors ( 
our c\ntry1 n a s+le pat5t _h ev] be5   
grant$ to a color$ man4 ,( c\rse ?is    
/atem5t 0 untrue1 b :at ( t8 ,x told its
 tale1 & made its impression--f> & wide2
 & x is incumb5t ^u our race n[ to      
outrun t /ory1 to correct t impression1 
& to let ! _w "k ! tru?4  ,9 a rec5t    
correspond5ce t has rea*$ ne>ly         
two-?irds ( ! m ?an #ab1jjj regi/]$     
pat5t attorneys 9 ?is c\ntry1 :o are    
lic5s$ to prosecute applications =      
pat5ts be=e ! ,pat5t ,(fice at ,wa%+ton1
 x is a/oni%+ to h ne>ly #b1ejj ( !m    
reply t !y nev] he>d ( a color$ inv5tor1
 & n a few ( !m add t !y nev] expect to 
he> ( "o4 ,"o practis+ attorney1 writ+ f
 a small t[n 9 ,t5nessee1 said t he n   
only has nev] he>d ( a color$ man inv5t+
 any?+1 b t he & ! o!r lawy]s to :om he 
pass$ ! inquiry 9 t locality 7 incl9$ to
 reg>d ! :ole subject z a joke4 ,& ?is1 
rememb]1 comes f practis+ lawy]s1       

presumably m5 ( affairs1 & ( judgm5t1 & 
:o keep some:at ahead ( ! av]age citiz5 
9 _! close obs]vation ( ! tr5d ( ?+s4   
,n[ !re ought n to be any?+ /range or   
unbelievable 9 ! fact t 9 any giv5 gr\p 
( m ?an #aj1jjj1jjj human be+s1 ( :atev]
 race1 liv+ 9 our age1 9 our c\ntry1 &  
develop+ "u our laws1 "o c f9d multipli$
 examples ( e m5tal b5t1 ( e /age (     
m5tal developm5t1 & ( e evid5ce ( m5tal 
p]ception t c\ld be f\nd 9 any o!r      
simil> gr\p ( human be+s ( any o!r race2
 & yet1 s set has become ! traditional  
attitude ( "o class 9 our c\ntry t[>d ! 
o!r class t ! "o class cont9ually holds 
up be=e its eyes an imag9>y b\nd>y l9e 9
 all ?+s m5tal1 beyond :i* x seems      
unwill+ to admit t x is possible = ! o!r
 class to g4  ,"u ?is condition ( !     
g5]al class ?\ght 9 our c\ntry x has    
become ! fix$ conviction t no color$ man
 has any well-def9$ p[] ( initiative1 t 
! color$ man has no orig9ality ( ?\ght1 
t 9 8 m5tal op]ations he is ev]la/+ly   
cont5t to pursue ! beat5 pa?s (         

imitation1 t !re=e he has made no       
contribution to ! inv5tive g5ius ( our  
c\ntry1 & s has ga9$ no place = himself 
9 ! ranks ( ^? :o h made ?is nation !   
=emo/ nation ( ! _w 9 ! numb] & "* ( its
 inv5tions4  ,t ?is conclusion ) ref]5ce
 to ! color$ man's inv5tive faculty is  
:olly untrue ,i w endeavor n[ to %[4  ,9
 ! _w ( inv5tion ! color$ man has pursu$
 ! same l9e ( activity t o!r m5 h       
foll[$2 he has be5 spurr$ by ! same     
necessity t has confront$ o!r m51       
namely1 ! ne$ = "s device by :i* to     
m9imize ! exactions ( 8 daily toil1 to  
save 8 "t1 cons]ve 8 /r5g? & multiply ! 
results ( 8 labor4 ,l o!r m51 ! color$  
man s\ght fir/ to inv5t ! ?+ t 0 relat$ 
to 8 e>li] occupations1 & z 8 indu/rial 
pursuits became m v>i$ 8 inv5tive g5ius 
wid5$ correspond+ly4 ,?us we f9d t !    
fir/ record$ in/ances ( pat5ts hav+ be5 
grant$ to a color$ man--& ! only ones   
specifically s designat$--are ! two     
pat5ts on corn h>ve/]s :i* 7 grant$ 9   
#ahcd & #ahcf to "o ,h5ry ,blair1 (     

,m>yl&1 presumably a free p]son ( color1
 z ! law 0 s con/ru$ at t "t z to b> !  
issuance ( a pat5t to a slave4  ,) !    
exception ( ^! two in/ances ! public    
records ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice give          
absolutely no h9t z to :e!r any "o ( ! m
 ?an #a1jjj1jjj pat5ts grant$ by ?is    
gov]nm5t to m]itori\s inv5tors f all    
p>ts ( ! _w has be5 grant$ to a color$  
inv5tor4 ,! records make cle> en\gh     
di/9ctions z to nationality1 b          
absolutely none z to race4 ,?is policy (
 hav+ ! public records di/+ui% betwe5   
inv5tors ( diff]5t nationalities only is
 a di/9ct disadvantage to ! color$ race 
9 ?is c\ntry4  ,if ! inv5tors ( ,engl&  
or ,france or ,g]many or ,italy1 or any 
o!r c\ntry1 desire to asc]ta9 ! numb] & 
"* ( ! inv5tions pat5t$ to ! citiz5s (  
_! respective c\ntries1 x w\ld require b
 a few h\rs ( "w to get exact /ati/ics  
on ! subject1 b n s ) ! color$ inv5tor4 
,"h1 z else:]e1 he has a h>d road to    
travel4  ,9 fact1 x seems absolutely    
impossible to get ev5 an approximately  

correct answ] to t "q = our race4       
,:atev] ( /ati/ics "o is able to get on 
?is subject mu/ be obta9$ almo/ :olly 9 
a haphaz>d sort ( way f p]sons n employ$
 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 & :o mu/1 9 ! great 
majority ( cases1 rely on _! memory to  
"s ext5t = ! facts !y give4 ,"u su*     
circum/ances z ^! x is easy to see !    
l>ge am\nt ( labor involv$ 9 gett+ up   
su* /ati/ics z may be reli$ ^u z be+    
true4  ,!re h be5 two sy/ematic ef=ts   
made by ! ,pat5t ,(fice itself to get   
?is in=mation1 "o ( !m be+ 9 op]ation at
 ! pres5t "t4 ,! ef=t is made ?r\gh a   
circul> lett] address$ to ! ?\s&s (     
pat5t attorneys ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 :o    
come 9 contact (t5 ) inv5tors z _!      
cli5ts1 to popul> & influ5tial          
newspap]s1 to conspicu\s citiz5s ( bo?  
races1 & to ! own]s ( l>ge manufactur+  
indu/ries :]e skill$ me*anics ( bo?     
races are employ$1 all ( :om are ask$ to
 report :at !y happ5 to "k on ! subject 
"u inquiry4  ,! answ]s to ?is inquiry   
cov] a wide range ( guesswork1 _m m]e   

rumors & a l>ge numb] ( def9ite facts4  
,^! are all put ?r\gh ! te/ ( comp>ison 
) ! (ficial records ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 &
 ?is sift+ process has evolv$ su* facts 
z =m ! basis ( ! %[+ pres5t$ "h4  ,!re  
is j "o o!r s\rce ( in=mation :i*1 ?\gh 
its yield ( facts is small1 yet makes up
 9 reliability :at x lacks 9 num]\sness2
 & t is :]e ! inv5tor himself comes to !
 ,pat5t ,(fice to look aft] 8 inv5tion4 
,?is does n (t5 happ51 b x r>ely leaves 
any?+ to ! imag9ation :5 x does happ54  
,sometimes x has be5 difficult to get   
?is in=mation by correspond5ce ev5 f    
color$ inv5tors !mselves4 ,_m ( !m      
refuse to ackn[l$ge t _! inv5tions are 9
 any way id5tifi$ ) ! color$ race1 on ! 
gr\nd1 presumably1 t ! publication ( t  
fact might adv]sely affect ! comm]cial  
value ( _! inv5tion2 & 9 view ( !       
prevail+ s5tim5t 9 _m sections ( our    
c\ntry1 x _c be d5i$ t mu* reason lies  
at ! bottom ( su* conclusion4  ,not)/&+ 
! difficulties above m5tion$ z /&+ 9 !  
way ( gett+ at ! :ole tru?1 some?+ ov]  

#a1bjj in/ances h be5 ga!r$ z repres5t+ 
pat5ts grant$ to color$ inv5tors1 b s f>
 only ab\t #hjj ( ^! h be5 v]ifi$ z     
def9itely belong+ to t class4  ,^! #hjj 
pat5ts tell a wond]ful /ory ( ! progress
 ( ! race 9 ! ma/]y ( ! sci5ce (        
me*anics4 ,!y cov] inv5tions ( m or less
 importance 9 all ! bran*es ( me*anics1 
9 *emical comp\nds1 9 surgical          
in/rum5ts1 9 electrical utilities1 & 9 !
 f9e arts z well4  ,f ! num]\s /atem5ts 
made by v>i\s attorneys to ! effect t !y
 h _h sev]al color$ cli5ts ^: names !y  
c\ld n recall1 & ^: inv5tions !y c\ld n 
id5tify on _! books1 x is practically   
c]ta9 t ! ne>ly #hjj v]ifi$ pat5ts d n  
repres5t m ?an "o-half ( ^? t h be5     
actually grant$ to color$ inv5tors1 & t 
! cr$it = ^! mu/ p]haps =ev] lie hidd5 9
 ! unbreakable sil5ce ( (ficial records4
  ,b be=e direct+ att5tion specifically 
to "s ( ! v int]e/+ details disclos$ by 
?is late/ inve/igation into ! subject1  
let u consid] = a brief mom5t a few ( ! 
inv5tions :i* color$ m5 h made1 b = :i* 

no pat5ts appe> to be ( record4  ,i %\ld
 place =emo/ among ^! t wond]ful clock  
con/ruct$ by our fir/ a/ronom]1 ,b5jam9 
,bannek]1 ( ,m>yl&4 ,bannek]'s span (   
e>?ly exi/5ce cov]$ ! #ge ye>s f #agca  
to #ahjf4 ,8 p>5tage 0 ( ,african &     
,engli% orig91 & 8 m5tal equipm5t 0 f>  
above ! av]age ( 8 day & locality 9 ei!r
 race4 ,aside f 8 agricultural pursuits1
 on :i* he reli$ = a livelihood1 he     
devot$ 8 "t ma9ly to sci5tific &        
me*anical /udies1 produc+ two ?+s by :i*
 he w be long rememb]$3 ,an almanac & a 
clock4 ,! latt] he con/ruct$ ) crude    
tools1 & ) no k ( any o!r timepiece     
except a wat* & a sundial2 yet ! clock  
he made 0 s p]fect 9 e detail ( its     
me*anical con/ruction1 s accurate 9 !   
ma!matical calculations involv$1 t x    
/ruck ! h\rs ) faultless precision =    
tw5ty ye>s1 & 0 ! me*anical wond] ( 8   
day & locality4  ,ano!r in/ance is t (  
,mr4 ,james ,=t51 ( ,philadelphia1 :o is
 cr$it$ ) ! inv5tion ( an app>atus =    
manag+ sails4 ,he liv$ f #agff to #ahdb1

 & 8 biograph] says he amass$ a         
compet5ce f 8 inv5tion & liv$ 9         
leisurely com=t z a consequ5ce4  ,/ill  
ano!r in/ance is t ( ,rob]t ,b5jam9     
,lewis1 :o 0 born 9 ,g>d9]1 ,me41 9     
#ahjb4 ,he inv5t$ a ma*9e = pick+ oakum1
 :i* ma*9e is said to be 9 use to-day 9 
all ! ess5tial p>ticul>s ( its orig9al  
=m by ! %ipbuild+ int]e/s ( ,ma9e1      
especially at ,ba?4  ,x is ( common k t 
9 ! ,s\?1 prior to ! ,w> ( ! ,rebellion1
 ! burd5 ( h] indu/ries1 me*anical z    
well z agricultural1 fell ^u ! color$   
population4 ,!y =m$ ! great majority (  
h] me*anics & skill$ artisans z well z (
 h] ord9>y labor]s1 & f ?is class (     
workm5 came a great v>iety ( ! ord9>y   
me*anical appliances1 ! inv5tion ( :i*  
grew directly out ( ! problems pres5t$  
by _! daily employm5t4  ,!re has be5 a  
some:at p]si/5t rumor t a slave ei!r    
inv5t$ ! cotton g9 or gave to ,eli      
,:itney1 :o obta9$ a pat5t = x1 valuable
 sugge/ions to aid 9 ! completion ( t   
inv5tion4 ,i h n be5 able to f9d any    

sub/antial pro( to su/a9 t rumor4 ,mr4  
,daniel ,murray1 ( ! ,libr>y (          
,congress1 contribut$ a v in=m+ article 
on t subject to ! ,voice ( ! ,negro1 9  
#aije1 b ,mr4 ,murray did n rea*        
conclusions favorable to ! cont5tion on 
behalf ( ! color$ man4  ,x is said t !  
zigzag f5ce1 s commonly us$ by f>m]s &  
o!rs1 0 orig9ally introduc$ into ?is    
c\ntry by ,african slaves4  ,we come n[ 
to consid] ! li/ ( m mod]n inv5tions1 ^?
 inv5tions f :i* ! elem5t ( unc]ta9ty is
 :olly elim9at$1 & :i* are repres5t$ 9 !
 pat5t records ( our gov]nm5t4  ,9 ?is  
v]ifi$ li/ ( ne>ly #hjj pat5ts grant$ by
 our gov]nm5t to ! inv5tors ( our race  
we f9d t !y h appli$ _! inv5tive tal5t  
to ! :ole range ( inv5tive subjects2 t 9
 agricultural implem5ts1 9 wood &       
metal-work+ ma*9es1 9 l& conveyances on 
road & track1 9 seago+ vessels1 9       
*emical comp\nds1 9 electricity ?r\gh   
all its wide range ( uses1 9 a]onautics1
 9 new designs ( h\se furniture &       
bric--brac1 9 me*anical toys & amusem5t 

devices1 ! color$ inv5tor has a*iev$ su*
 success z %\ld pres5t to ! race a      
di/9ctly hope-inspir+ spectacle4  ,(    
c\rse x is n possible1 9 ?is p>ticul>   
pres5tation ( ! subject1 to dwell mu* at
 l5g? ^u ! m]its ( any consid]able numb]
 ( individual cases4 ,?is feature w be  
br\ght out m fully 9 ! l>g] publication 
on ?is subject :i* ! writ] n[ has 9     
c\rse ( prep>ation4 ,b !re are sev]al   
conspicu\s examples ( success 9 ?is l9e 
( endeavor t %\ld be fully emphasiz$ 9  
any treatm5t ( ?is subject4 ,i l to tell
 ( :at has be5 done by ,granville ,t4   
,woods & 8 bro!r ,lyates1 ( ,new ,york2 
by ,elijah ,mc,coy1 ( ,detroit2 by      
,joseph ,hunt] ,dick9son1 ( ,new ,j]sey2
 by ,william ,b4 ,purvis1 (             
,philadelphia2 ,f]rell & ,cream]1 ( ,new
 ,york2 by ,d\glass1 ( ,ohio2 ,murray1 (
 ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ,matzelig]1 ( ,lynn2     
,be>d1 ( ,alabama2 ,ri*ey1 ( ! ,di/rict 
( ,columbia2 & a ho/ ( o!rs t ,i c\ld   
m5tion4  ,=emo/ among ^! m5 9 ! numb] & 
v>iety ( 8 inv5tions1 z well z 9 !      

comm]cial value involv$1 /&s ! "n (     
,granville ,t4 ,woods4 ,six ye>s ago    
,mr4 ,woods s5t me a li/ ( 8 inv5tions  
pat5t$ up to t "t1 & !re 7 !n ab\t ?irty
 ( !m1 s9ce :i* "t he has add$ ne>ly z  
_m m1 includ+ ^? :i* he p]fect$ jo9tly )
 8 bro!r ,lyates4 ,8 inv5tions relate   
pr9cipally to electrical subjects1 su* z
 telegraphic & telephonic in/rum5ts1    
electric railways & g5]al sy/ems (      
electrical control1 & include sev]al    
pat5ts on means = transmitt+ telegraphic
 messages betwe5 mov+ tra9s4  ,! records
 ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice %[ t = valuable      
consid]ation sev]al ( ,mr4 ,woods'      
pat5ts h be5 assign$ to ! =emo/         
electrical corporations ( ! _w1 su* z ! 
,g5]al ,electric ,company1 ( ,new ,york1
 & ! ,am]ican ,bell ,telephone ,company1
 ( ,bo/on4 ,^! records also %[ t he     
foll[$ o!r l9es ( ?\ght 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 
inv5tive faculty1 "o ( 8 o!r inv5tions  
be+ an incubator1 ano!r a complicat$ &  
+5i\s amusem5t device1 ano!r a          
/eam-boil] furnace1 & also a me*anical  

brake4  ,mr4 ,woods is1 p]haps1 ! be/   
kn[n ( all ! inv5tors ^: a*ievem5ts     
r$\nd to ! cr$it ( our race2 & 9 8 pass+
 away he has left u ! ri* legacy ( a    
life successfully devot$ to ! cause (   
progress4  ,illu/ration3 ,,elijah       
,mc,c,o,y4  ,9 ! prolific yield ( 8     
inv5tive g5ius1 ,elijah ,mc,coy1 (      
,detroit1 /&s next to ,granville ,t4    
,woods4  ,s f> z is asc]ta9able f !     
(fice records ,mr4 ,mc,coy obta9$ 8 fir/
 pat5t 9 ,july1 #ahgb1 & ! la/ pat5t 0  
grant$ to him 9 ,july1 #aiab4 ,dur+ !   
int]v5+ =ty ye>s he cont9u$ to inv5t "o 
?+ aft] ano!r1 complet+ a record ( ne>ly
 =ty pat5ts on z _m sep>ate & di/9ct    
inv5tions4 ,8 inv5tions1 l ^? ( ,woods'1
 cov] a wide range ( subjects1 b relate 
p>ticul>ly to ! s*eme ( lubricat+       
ma*9]y4 ,he is reg>d$ z ! pione] 9 ! art
 ( /eadily supply+ oil to ma*9]y 9      
int]mitt5t drops f a cup s z to avoid ! 
necessity = /opp+ ! ma*9e to oil x4 ,8  
lubricat+ cup 0 9 use = ye>s on /ation>y
 & locomotive ma*9]y 9 ! ,we/1 includ+ !

 great railway locomotives1 ! boil]     
eng9es ( ! /eam]s on ! ,great ,lakes1 on
 transatlantic /eam%ips1 & 9 _m ( our   
lead+ factories4 ,mc,coy's lubricat+    
cups 7 fam\s ?irty ye>s ago z a necess>y
 equipm5t 9 all up-to-date ma*9]y1 & x  
w\ld be r int]e/+ to "k h[ _m ( ! ?\s&s 
( ma*9i/s :o us$ !m daily _h any idea !n
 t !y 7 ! inv5tion ( a color$ man4      
,ano!r inv5tor ^: pat5ts occupy a       
conspicu\s place 9 ! records ( ! ,pat5t 
,(fice1 & ^: a*ievem5ts 9 t l9e /&      
record$ z a cr$it to ! color$ man1 is   
,mr4 ,william ,b4 ,purvis1 (            
,philadelphia4 ,8 inv5tions also cov] a 
v>iety ( subjects1 b are direct$ ma9ly  
along a s+le l9e ( exp]im5t &           
improvem5t4 ,he began1 9 #ahhb1 !       
inv5tion ( ma*9es = mak+ pap] bags1 & 8 
improvem5ts 9 ?is l9e ( ma*9]y are cov]$
 by a doz5 pat5ts2 & a half doz5 o!r    
pat5ts grant$ ,mr4 ,purvis include ?ree 
pat5ts on electric railways1 "o on a    
f\nta9 p51 ano!r on a magnetic          
c>-balanc+ device1 & /ill ano!r = a     

cutt] = roll hold]s4  ,ano!r v int]e/+  
in/ance ( an inv5tor ^: g5ius = creat+  
new ?+s is con/antly active1 produc+    
results t express !mselves 9 t]ms (     
doll>s = himself & o!rs1 is t ( ,mr4    
,joseph ,hunt] ,dick9son1 ( ,new ,j]sey4
 ,mr4 ,dick9son's specialty is 9 ! l9e (
 musical in/rum5ts1 p>ticul>ly ! piano4 
,he began m ?an fifte5 ye>s ago to inv5t
 devices = automatically play+ ! piano1 
& is at pres5t 9 ! employ ( a l>ge piano
 factory1 :]e 8 v>i\s inv5tions 9       
piano-play] me*anism are eag]ly adopt$ 9
 ! con/ruction ( "s ( ! f9e/ play]      
pianos on ! m>ket4 ,he has m ?an a doz5 
pat5ts to 8 cr$it already1 & is /ill    
devot+ 8 en]gies to t l9e ( inv5tion4   
,! company ) :i* he is id5tifi$ is "o ( 
! v l>ge/ corporations ( its k9d 9 ! _w1
 & x is no little di/9ction to h "o (   
our race occupy s significant a relation
 to x1 & to hold x by ! %e] =ce ( a     
tra9$ & active intellect4  ,mr4 ,frank  
,j4 ,f]rell1 ( ,new ,york1 has obta9$   
ab\t a doz5 pat5ts = 8 inv5tions1 ! l>g]

 portion ( !m be+ = improvem5ts 9 valves
 = /eam eng9es4  ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,f4       
,jackson1 ( ,massa*usetts1 is ! inv5tor 
( a doz5 diff]5t improvem5ts 9 heat+ &  
light+ devices1 includ+ a controll] = a 
trolley :eel4  ,mr4 ,*>les ,v4 ,ri*ey1 (
 ,wa%+ton1 has obta9$ ab\t a doz5 pat5ts
 on 8 inv5tions1 ! la/ ( :i* 0 a mo/    
+5i\s device = regi/]+ ! calls on a     
telephone & detect+ ! unau?oriz$ use ( t
 in/rum5t4 ,?is p>ticul> pat5t 0 only   
rec5tly tak5 out by ,mr4 ,ri*ey1 & he   
has organiz$ a company = plac+ !        
inv5tion on ! m>ket1 ) f9e prospects (  
success4  ,hon4 ,george ,w4 ,murray1 (  
,s\? ,c>ol9a1 =m] memb] ( ,congress f t 
,/ate1 has receiv$ eight pat5ts = 8     
inv5tions 9 agricultural implem5ts1     
includ+ mo/ly su* diff]5t atta*m5ts z   
readily adapt a s+le implem5t to a      
v>iety ( uses4  ,h5ry ,cream]1 ( ,new   
,york1 has made sev5 diff]5t inv5tions 9
 /eam traps1 cov]$ by z _m pat5ts1 &    
,&rew ,j4 ,be>d1 ( ,alabama1 has ab\t ! 
same numb] to 8 cr$it = inv5tions 9     

c>-c\pl+ devices4  ,mr4 ,william        
,d\glass1 ( ,kansas1 0 grant$ ab\t a    
half doz5 pat5ts = v>i\s inv5tions 9    
h>ve/+ ma*9es4 ,"o ( 8 pat5ts1 t "o     
numb]$ #ghi1jaj1 & dat$ ,may #b1 #aije1 
= a self-b9d+ h>ve/]1 is conspicu\s 9 ! 
records ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice = ! complicat$
 & intricate "* ( ! ma*9e1 = ! ext5sive 
draw+s requir$ to illu/rate x & ! l5g?y 
specifications requir$ to expla9 x--!re 
be+ ?irty-sev5 l>ge %eets ( me*anical   
draw+s & ?irty-two pr9t$ pages (        
descriptive matt]1 includ+ ! #aff claims
 drawn to cov] ! novel po9ts pres5t$4   
,?is p>ticul> pat5t is1 9 ^! respects1 q
 unique 9 ! class "h consid]$4  ,mr4    
,james ,doyle1 ( ,pittsburgh1 has obta9$
 sev]al pat5ts = 8 inv5tions1 "o ( !m   
be+ = an automatic s]v+ sy/em4 ,?is     
latt] device is a s*eme = disp5s+ ) !   
use ( wait]s 9 d9+ rooms1 re/aurants &  
at railroad lun* c\nt]s4 ,x 0 rec5tly   
exhibit$ ) ! ,p5nsylvania ,exposition   
,society's exhibits at ,pittsburgh1 :]e 
x attract$ widespread att5tion f ! press

 & ! public4 ,! model us$ on t occasion 
is said to h co/ ne>ly #b1jjj4  ,9 !    
civil s]vice at ,wa%+ton !re are sev]al 
color$ m5 :o h made inv5tions ( m or    
less importance :i* 7 sugge/$ by !      
me*anical problems aris+ 9 _! daily     
occupations4  ,mr4 ,%elby ,j4 ,davidson1
 ( ,k5tucky1 a cl]k 9 ! (fice ( !       
,auditor = ! ,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t1     
op]at$ a ma*9e = tabulat+ & totaliz+ !  
qu>t]ly acc\nts :i* 7 regul>ly submitt$ 
by ! po/ma/]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,mr4          
,davidson's att5tion 0 fir/ direct$ to !
 loss 9 "t ?r\gh ! necessity =          
p]iodically /opp+ to manually dispose ( 
! pap] com+ f ! ma*9e4 ,he inv5t$ a     
rew9d device :i* s]v$ z an atta*m5t =   
automatically tak+ up ! pap] z x issu$ f
 ! ma*9e1 & adapt$ x = use aga9 on !    
rev]se side1 ?us effect+ a v consid]able
 economy ( "t & mat]ial4 ,8 ma9         
inv5tion1 h[ev]1 0 a novel atta*m5t =   
add+ ma*9es :i* 0 design$ to            
automatically include ! gov]nm5t fee1 z 
well z ! am\nt s5t1 :5 totaliz+ ! money 

ord]s 9 ! reports submitt$ by po/ma/]s4 
,?is 0 a di/9ct improvem5t 9 ! effici5cy
 & value ( ! ma*9e he 0 op]at+ & !      
gov]nm5t grant$ him pat5ts on bo?       
inv5tions4 ,8 tal5ts 7 recogniz$ n only 
by ! (fice 9 :i* he 0 employ$ by        
promotion 9 rank & pay1 b also 9 a v    
significant way by ! l>ge factory :i*   
turn$ out ! add+ ma*9es ! gov]nm5t 0    
us+4 ,mr4 ,davidson has s9ce resign$ 8  
position & is n[ engag$ 9 ! practice ( !
 law 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4  ,illu/ration3  
,,rob]t ,a4 ,,pelham4  ,mr4 ,rob]t      
,pelham1 ( ,detroit1 is simil>ly employ$
 9 ! ,c5sus ,bureau1 :]e 8 duties       
include ! compilation ( gr\ps ( /ati/ics
 on %eets f data s5t into ! (fice f !   
?\s&s ( manufactur]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,unlike
 mo/ ( ! o!r m5 9 ! dep>tm5tal s]vice1  
,mr4 ,pelham seem$ anxi\s to get ?r\gh )
 8 job quickly1 = he devis$ a ma*9e us$ 
z an adjunct 9 tabulat+ ! /ati/ics f !  
manufactur]s' s*$ules 9 a way t displac$
 a doz5 m5 9 a giv5 quantity ( "w1 do+ !
 "w economically1 spe$ily & ) faultless 

precision1 :5 op]at$ "u ,mr4 ,pelham's  
skilful direction4 ,mr4 ,pelham has also
 be5 grant$ a pat5t = 8 inv5tion1 & !   
prov$ effici5cy ( 8 devices induc$ !    
,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t to lease !m f    
him1 pay+ him a royalty = _! use1 9     
addition to 8 sal>y = op]at+ !m4  ,mr4  
,pelham's me*anical g5ius is evid5tly   
runn+ 9 ! family1 = 8 olde/ son1 n[ a   
high-s*ool y\?1 has di/+ui%$ himself by 
8 exp]im5ts 9 wireless telegraphy1 & is 
"o ( ! v few color$ boys 9 ,wa%+ton     
hold+ a regul> lic5se = op]at+ !        
wireless4  ,mr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,lavalette1 ( ! 
,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ! l>ge/ pr9t+  
e/abli%m5t 9 ! _w1 began 8 c>e] z a     
pr9t] !re ye>s be=e ! developm5t ( t art
 call$ into use ! wond]ful ma*9es       
employ$ 9 x to-day2 & "o ( 8 fir/ ef=ts 
0 to devise a pr9t+ ma*9e sup]ior to !  
pione] type us$ at t "t4 ,?is 0 9 #ahgi1
 & he succe$$ t ye> 9 inv5t+ & pat5t+ a 
pr9t+ ma*9e t 0 a notable novelty 9 its 
day1 ?\gh x has1 ( c\rse1 long ago be5  
sup]s$$ by o!rs4  ,i h res]v$ = ! la/ ! 

"n & "w ( ,jan ,matzelig]1 (            
,massa*usetts4 ,al?\gh !re are b>ely    
half a doz5 pat5ts /&+ 9 8 "n on !      
records ( ! (fice1 & 8 "n is little kn[n
 to ! g5]al public1 !re are1 ,i ?9k1 "s 
po9ts 9 8 c>e] t easily make him        
conspicu\s above all ! re/1 & ,i h f\nd 
! /ory really inspir+4  ,z a v "y man   
,matzelig] work$ 9 a %oe %op 9 ,lynn1   
,mass41 s]v+ 8 appr5tice%ip at t trade4 
,seek+1 9 ! true _s ( ! inv5tor1 to make
 two blades ( grass gr[ :]e only "o grew
 be=e1 he devis$ ! fir/ complete ma*9e  
ev] inv5t$ = p]=m+ automatically all !  
op]ations involv$ 9 atta*+ soles to     
%oes4 ,o!r ma*9es _h previ\sly be5 made 
= p]=m+ a "p ( ^! op]ations1 b          
,matzelig]'s ma*9e 0 ! only "o !n kn[n  
to ! me*anical _w t c\ld simultane\sly  
hold ! la/ 9 place to receive ! lea!r1  
move x =w>d /ep by /ep s t o!r co-act+  
p>ts might draw ! lea!r ov] ! heel1     
prop]ly pun* & grip ! upp] & draw x d[n 
ov] ! la/1 plait ! lea!r prop]ly at !   
heel & toe1 fe$ ! nails to ! driv+ po9t1

 hold !m 9 position :ile be+ driv51 & !n
 dis*>ge ! completely sol$ %oe f !      
ma*9e1 ev]y?+ be+ done automatically1 & 
requir+ less ?an a m9ute to complete a  
s+le %oe4  ,?is wond]ful a*ievem5t m>k$ 
! beg9n+ ( a di/9ct revolution 9 ! art (
 mak+ %oes by ma*9]y4 ,matzelig] realiz$
 ?is1 & attempt$ to capitalize x by     
organiz+ a /ock company to m>ket 8      
inv5tion2 b 8 plans 7 fru/rat$ ?r\gh    
fail+ heal? & lack ( bus9ess exp]i5ce1 &
 %ortly !reaft]1 at ! age ( #cf1 he     
pass$ away4  ,he _h done 8 "w1 h[ev]1 "u
 ! ke5 eye ( ! %rewd ,yankees1 & ^! 7   
quick to see ! imm5se comm]cial         
importance ( ! /ep he _h accompli%$4 ,"o
 ( ^! b\ght ! pat5t & all ( ! /ock t he 
c\ld f9d ( ! company organiz$ by        
,matzelig]4 ,?is =tunate pur*ase laid ! 
f\ndation = ! organization ( ! ,unit$   
,%oe ,ma*9]y ,company1 ! l>ge/ & ri*e/  
corporation ( ! k9d 9 ! _w4 7,see1 9    
,munsey's ,magaz9e ( ,augu/1 #aiab1 on  
page #gbb1 biographical sket* ( ,mr4    
,sidney ,w9sl[1 millionaire head ( !    

,unit$ ,%oe ,ma*9]y ,company47  ,"s idea
 may be _h ( ! magnitude ( ?is giant    
indu/ry1 :i* is ?us %[n to h gr[n       
directly out ( ! inv5tions ( a "y color$
 man1 by recall+ ! fact t ! corporation 
repres5ts ! consolidation ( =ty-"o      
diff]5t small] companies1 t its         
factories cov] tw5ty-"o acres ( gr\nd1 t
 x gives employm5t daily to #d1bjj      
p]sons1 t its work+ capital is quot$ at 
#bj1hfj1jjj1 & t x controls m ?an #cjj  
pat5ts repres5t+ improvem5ts 9 ! ma*9es 
x produces4 ,f an article publi%$ 9 !   
,lynn 7,mass47 ,news1 ( ,octob] #c1     
#ahhi1 x appe>s t ! ,unit$ ,%oe ,ma*9]y 
,company1 above m5tion$1 e/abli%$ at    
,lynn a s*ool1 ! only "o ( its k9d 9 !  
_w1 :]e boys are taught exclusively to  
op]ate ! ,matzelig] type ( ma*9e2 t a   
class ( ab\t #bjj boys & "y m5 are      
graduat$ f ?is s*ool annually & s5t out 
to v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w to in/ruct o!rs 9 !
 art ( h&l+ ?is ma*9e4  ,"s ye>s be=e 8 
dea? ,matzelig] became a memb] ( a :ite 
*ur* 9 ,lynn1 call$ ! ,nor?             

,congregational ,society1 & bequea!d to 
?is *ur* "s ( ! /ock ( ! company he _h  
organiz$4 ,ye>s aft]w>d ?is *ur* became 
heavily involv$ 9 debt1 & rememb]+ !    
/ock t _h be5 left to x by ?is color$   
memb]1 f\nd1 ^u inquiry1 t x _h become v
 valuable ?r\gh ! importance ( ! pat5t  
"u ! managem5t ( ! l>ge company !n      
controll+ x4 ,! *ur* sold ! /ock &      
realiz$ f ! sale m ?an en\gh to pay (f !
 entire debt ( ! *ur*1 am\nt+ to        
#aj1hfj4 ,) ! cancel$ mortgage z "o     
inc5tive1 ?is *ur* held a special s]vice
 ( ?anks "o ,sunday morn+1 on :i*       
occasion a life-siz$ portrait ( _!      
b5efactor look$ d[n f ! plat=m on !     
imm5se congregation bel[1 :ile a "y :ite
 lady1 a memb] ( ! *ur*1 read an int]e/+
 eulogy ( ! deceas$ & ! pa/or1 ,rev4 ,a4
 ,j4 ,covell1 prea*$ an eloqu5t s]mon on
 ! text f\nd 9 ,romans #ac3h--,owe no   
man any?+ b to love "o ano!r4 ,let u    
*]i% ! hope t ! _s & ! significance ( t 
occasion sank deep 9 ! he>ts ( ^?       
pres5t4  ,!re are ^? :o h tri$ to d5y to

 our race ! %>e t is ours 9 ! glory (   
,matzelig]'s a*ievem5ts4 ,^! decl>e t he
 _h no ,negro blood 9 8 ve9s2 b ! pro(  
aga9/ ?is ass]tion is irrefutable4      
,?r\gh correspond5ce ) ! mayor ( ,lynn1 
a c]tifi$ copy ( ! dea? c]tificate issu$
 on ! occasion ( ,matzelig]'s dea? has  
be5 obta9$1 & ?is docum5t designates him
 a mulatto4  ,o!rs h tri$ ! same ?+ )   
ref]5ce to ,granville ,t4 ,woods1 a too 
k9d biograph]1 writ+ ( him 9 !          
,cosmopolitan 9 ,april1 #ahie1 /at+ t he
 _h no ,negro blood 9 him4 ,b ^? :o knew
 ,mr4 ,woods p]sonally w readily acquit 
him ( ! *>ge ( any su* e?nological      
errancy4  ,ano!r ef=t to detract f      
,matzelig]'s fame comes up 9 ! criticism
 t 8 ma*9e 0 n p]fect1 requir+ subsequ5t
 improvem5ts to complete x & make x     
comm]cially valuable4 ,matzelig] 0 z    
truly a pione]1 blaz+ ! way = a great   
indu/rial triumph1 z 0 ,:itney1 or ,h[e1
 or ,watt1 or ,fulton1 or any o!r "o ( !
 scores ( pione]s 9 ! field ( me*anical 
g5ius4 ,! cotton g9 ( to-day is1 (      

c\rse1 n ! cotton g9 fir/ giv5 to ! _w  
by ,:itney1 b ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( its
 con/ruction are f\nd cle>ly outl9$ 9   
,:itney's ma*9e4 ,! complex & intricate 
sew+ ma*9e ( to-day1 ) its v>i\s        
atta*m5ts to meet ! ne$s ( ! mod]n      
seam/ress1 is n ! crude ma*9e t came f !
 bra9 ( ,elias ,h[e2 ! giant locomotives
 t n[ spe$ily cov] ! transcont95tal     
di/ance betwe5 ,new ,york & ,san        
,francisco be> b slight resemblance to !
 eng9e t ,/eph5son fir/ gave u4 ,9 fact1
 ! fir/ productions ( all ^! pione]s1   
:ile !y disclos$ ! pr9ciples & laid !   
f\ndations ^u :i* to build1 resemble !  
lat] developm5ts only z mi/s resemble   
ra92 b ^! pione]s make up ! army (      
capable m5 ^: toil & trial1 ^: brawn &  
bra91 ^: inf9ite pati5ce & indomitable  
c\rage h plac$ ?is nation ( ours 9 ! v  
front rank ( ! _w's inv5tors2 &1 /&+ !re
 among !m1 ) 8 "n indelible1 is our     
d>k-sk9n$ bro!r1 ! pati5t1 res\rceful   
,matzelig]4  ,9 ! cr$it "h accord$ our  
race = its a*ievem5ts 9 ! field (       

inv5tion our wom5 z well z our m5 are   
entitl$ to %>e4 ,) an indu/rial field   
necess>ily m circumscrib$ ?an t occupi$ 
by our m51 & !re=e ) few] opportunities 
& few] reasons1 z well1 = ex]cis+ !     
inv5tive faculty1 !y h1 nev]!less1 made 
a rem>kably cr$itable %[+4 ,! record %[s
 t m ?an tw5ty color$ wom5 h be5 grant$ 
pat5ts = _! inv5tions1 & t ^! inv5tions 
cov] also a wide range (                
subjects--arti/ic1 utilit>ian1 fanciful4
  ,! =ego+ facts are "h pres5t$ z a "p  
only ( ! record made by ! race 9 ! field
 ( inv5tion = ! fir/ half c5tury ( our  
national life4 ,we c nev] "k ! :ole     
/ory4 ,b we "k en\gh to feel sure t if  
o!rs knew ! /ory ev5 z we ourselves "k  
x1 x w\ld pres5t u 9 a some:at diff]5t  
light to ! judgm5t ( our fell[ m51 &1   
p]haps1 make = u a position ( new       
importance 9 ! indu/rial activities (   
our c\ntry4 ,?is great consummation1    
dev\tly to be wi%$1 may =m ! /ory ( !   
next fifty ye>s ( our progress along ^! 
specific l9es1 s t "s "o 9 ! di/ant     

future1 look+ d[n ! rugg$ pa?way ( !    
ye>s1 may see ?is race ( ours com+ up1  
/ep by /ep1 into ! fulle/ possession (  
our indu/rial1 economic & intellectual  
emancipation4     ,,note   ,! writ] has 
9 prep>ation1 = e>ly publication1 a book
 :i* w deal m 9 detail ) ! subject ( ?is
 pamphlet1 pres5t+ ! names ( all        
inv5tors1 s f> z asc]ta9$1 ) ! titles ( 
_! inv5tions & ! dates & numb]s ( _!    
pat5ts1 toge!r ) brief biographical     
sket*es ( _m ( ! m active inv5tors4     
,publi%$ by ,,! ,,crisis ,,publi%+      
,,company  ,copyright$1 #aiac1 by ,h5ry 
,e4 ,bak]