,,! ,,dye+ ,,( ,,cotton ,,fabrics ,a ,,practical ,,h&book ,,= ,,! ,,dy] ,,& ,,/ud5t ,,by ,,frankl9 ,,bee* ,,practical ,,col\ri/ ,,& ,,*emi/ ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,=ty-,,f\r ,,engrav+s ,,london ,,scott1 ,,gre5wood ,,co4 #ai ,,ludgate ,,hill1 ,e4,c4 #aija ,all rights res]v$ ,,preface4 ,9 writ+ ?is little book ! au?or believes he is supply+ a want :i* mo/ ,/ud5ts & ,dy]s ( ,cotton ,fabrics h felt--t ( a small h&book cle>ly describ+ ! v>i\s processes & op]ations ( ! great indu/ry ( dye+ ,cotton4 ,! aim has n be5 to produce a v elaborate treatise b r a book ( a conv5i5t size1 & 9 ord] to d s x has be5 necess>y to be brief & to omit _m matt]s t w\ld rightfully f9d a place 9 a l>g] treatise1 b ! au?or hopes t no?+ ( importance has be5 omitt$4 ,! mo/ mod]n processes h be5 describ$ 9 "s detail2 c>e has be5 tak5 to select ^? :i* exp]i5ce %[s to be ?or\ghly reliable & to give good results4 ,,frankl9 ,,bee*4 ,may1 #aija4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,/ructure ,,& ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,! ,,cotton ,,fibre #a ,action ( ,alkalies #f ,action ( ,acids on ,cellulose #i ,action ( ,sulphuric ,acid on ,cotton #aj ,action ( ,hydro*loric ,acid #aa ,action ( ,nitric ,acid #ab ,action ( ,oxidis+ ,ag5ts on ,cellulose or ,cotton #af ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,sc\r+ ,,& ,,blea*+ ,,( ,,cotton #bc ,/a9s & ,damages 9 ,blea*$ ,goods #ej ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,dye+ ,,ma*9]y ,,& ,,dye+ ,,manipulations #ec ,h& ,dye+ #ec ,dye+ ,ma*9es #eg ,dye+1 ,slubb+1 ,sliv] or ,c>d$ ,cotton & ,wool #eh ,cop ,dye+ #fd ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,cotton ,,dye+ #hb 7#a7 ,direct ,dye+ #he 7#b7 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,metallic ,salts #aab 7#c7 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,develop]s #abh 7#d7 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,c\pl]s #aci 7#e7 ,dye+ on ,tannic ,mordant #adg 7#f7 ,dye+ on ,metallic ,mordants #aef 7#g7 ,production ( ,col\r ,direct ^u ,cotton ,fibres #aha 7#h7 ,dye+ ,cotton by ,impregnation ) ,dye-/uff ,solution #aih ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,dye+ ,,union 7,,mix$ ,,cotton ,,& ,,wool7 ,,fabrics #bjh ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,dye+ ,,half ,,silk 7,,cotton-,,silk1 ,,sat97 ,,fabrics #bbe ,me?od ( ,dye+ #bbe ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,op]ations ,,foll[+ ,,dye+ #bci ,wa%+1 ,soap+1 ,dry+ #bci ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,te/+ ,,( ,,! ,,col\r ,,( ,,dy$ ,,fabrics #beg ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,exp]im5tal ,,dye+ ,,& ,,comp>ative ,,dye ,,te/+ #bfb ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,cotton ,fibre #e #a;,a4 ,cross-section ( ,cotton ,fibre #e #b4 ,m]c]is$ ,cotton ,fibre #g #b;,a4 ,cross-section ( ,m]c]is$ ,cotton ,fibre #g #c4 ,silkifi$ ,cotton ,fibre #i #c;,a4 ,cross-section ( ,silkifi$ ,cotton ,fibre #i #d4 ,ma!r ,platt's ,l[-pressure ,blea*+ ,ki] #ca #e4 ,ma!r ,platt's ,y>n-blea*+ ,ki] #di #f4 ,rectangul> ,dye-tank #ed #g4 ,r\nd ,dye-tub #ed #h4 ,section ( ,dye-vat #ef #i4 ,delahunty's ,dye+ ,ma*9e #eh #aj4 ,ob]mai] ,dye+ ,ma*9e #ei #aa4 ,holliday's ,y>n-dye+ ,ma*9e #fj #ab4 ,klaud]-,weldon ,dye+ ,ma*9e #fb #ac4 ,graemig] ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e #fe #ad4 ,graemig] ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e #ff #ae4 ,beaumont's ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e #fg #af4 ,w>p-dye+ ,ma*9e #gj #ag4 ,w>p-dye+ ,ma*9e #ga #ah4 ,dye-jigg]s #gb #ai4 ,dye-jigg] #gc #bj4 ,jig ,w9ce #ge #ba4 ,clo?-dye+ ,ma*9e #gf #bb4 ,dye ,beck #gg #bc4 ,holliday's ,ma*9e = ,hawk+ ,clo? #gh #bd4 ,cont9u\s ,dye+ ,ma*9e #gi #be4 ,padd+ ,ma*9e #hj #bf4 ,padd+ ,ma*9e #ha #bg4 ,dye-tub = ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$ #aia #bh4 ,padd+ ,ma*9e = ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$ #aib #bi4 ,develop+ ,ma*9e = ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$ #aid #cj4 ,indigo ,dye-vat = ,clo? #aii #ca4 ,squeez+ ,roll]s #bdj #cb4 ,y>n-wa%+ ,ma*9e #bdc #cc4 ,dye-h\se ,wa%+ ,ma*9e #bdd #cd4 ,clo?-wa%+ ,ma*9e #bde #ce4 ,clo?-wa%+ ,ma*9e #bdg #cf4 ,wa%+ & ,soap+ ,vats #bdh #cg4 ,/eam+ ,cottage #bdi #ch4 ,/eam+ & ,age+ ,*amb] #bej #ci4 ,hydro-extractor #bea #dj4 ,hydro-extractor #beb #da4 ,automatic ,y>n-dry] #bec #db4 ,truck ,y>n-dry] #bed #dc4 ,dry+ ,cyl9d]s #bee #dd4 ,exp]im5tal ,dye-ba? #bfc ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,/ructure ,,& ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,! ,,cotton ,,fibre4 ,!re is sc>cely any subject ( s mu* importance to ! blea*]1 textile col\ri/ or textile manufactur] z ! /ructure & *emi/ry ( ! cotton fibre ) :i* he has to deal4 ,by ! t]m *emi/ry we mean n only ! composition ( ! fibre sub/ance itself1 b also ! reactions x is capable ( und]go+ :5 br\ght into contact ) v>i\s *emical sub/ances--acids1 alkalies1 salts1 etc4 ,^! reactions h a v important be>+ on ! op]ations ( blea*+ & dye+ ( cotton fabrics4 ,a few words on vegetable textile fibres 9 g5]al may be ( int]e/4 ,fibres are met ) 9 connection ) plants 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 z cuticle or cili>y fibres or hairs2 ^! are ( no practical use1 be+ mu* too %ort = prep>+ textile fabrics f1 b !y play an important "p 9 ! physiology ( ! plant4 ,second1 z se$ hairs2 t is fibres t are atta*$ to ! se$s ( _m plants1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! common ?i/le & d&elion2 ! cotton fibre belongs to ?is gr\p ( se$ hairs1 :ile !re are o!rs1 kapok1 etc41 t h be5 tri$ f "t to "t 9 sp9n+ & weav+1 b )\t mu* success4 ,^! se$ hairs v>y mu* 9 l5g?1 f #a_/d in* to #a-a_/b in*es or ev5 #b in*es2 ea* fibre consi/s ( a s+le unit4 ,:e!r x is s]viceable z a textile fibre dep5ds ^u its /ructure1 :i* diff]s 9 diff]5t plants1 & also ^u ! quantity available4 ,! ?ird class ( fibre1 :i* is by f> ! mo/ num]\s1 consi/s ( ^? f\nd ly+ betwe5 ! b>k or out] cuticle & ! true woody tissues ( ! plant4 ,?is portion is kn[n z ! ba/1 & h5ce ^! fibres are kn[n z ba/ fibres4 ,!y are noticeable on acc\nt ( ! great l5g? ( ! fibres1 9 "s cases upw>ds ( #f feet1 :i* c be obta9$2 b x %\ld be po9t$ out t ^! long fibres are n ! unit fibres1 b are really bundles ( ! ultimate fibres aggregat$ toge!r to =m "o long fibre1 z f\nd 9 & obta9$ f ! plant4 ,?us ! ultimate fibres ( jute are really v %ort--f #a_/aj to #a_/h ( an in* 9 l5g?2 ^? ( flax are some:at long]4 ,jute1 flax1 ,*9a grass & hemp are common fibres :i* are d]iv$ f ! ba/ ( ! plants4 ,!re is an important po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 se$ fibres & ba/ fibres1 t is 9 ! degree ( purity4 ,:ile ! se$ fibres are fairly free f impurities--cotton r>ely conta9+ m ?an #e p] c5t4--! ba/ fibres conta9 a l>ge proportion ( impurity1 f #be to #cj p] c5t4 z !y are fir/ obta9$ f ! plant1 & ?is l>ge quantity has mu* influ5ce on ! ext5t & "* ( ! treatm5ts to :i* !y are subject$4 ,z reg>ds ! /ructure ( ! fibres1 x w be suffici5t to say t :ile se$ hairs are cyl9drical & tubul> & h ?9 walls1 ba/ fibres are m or less polygonal 9 =m & are n ess5tially tubul>1 hav+ ?ick walls & small c5tral canals4 ,! ,cotton ,fibre4--,! se$ hairs ( ! cotton plant are sep>at$ f ! se$s by ! process ( g9n+1 & !y !n pass into comm]ce z raw cotton4 ,9 ?is condition ! fibre is f\nd to consi/ ( ! actual fibr\s sub/ance itself1 conta9+1 h[ev]1 ab\t #h p] c5t4 ( hygroscopic or natural moi/ure1 & #e p] c5t4 ( impurities ( v>i\s k9ds1 :i* v>y 9 am\nt & 9 k9d 9 v>i\s descriptions ( cotton4 ,9 ! process ( manufacture into cotton clo?s1 & z ! mat]ial passes ?r\gh ! op]ations ( blea*+1 dye+ or pr9t+1 ! impurities are elim9at$4 ,impurities ( ! ,cotton ,fibre4--,dr4 ,e4 ,s*unck made an inve/igation _m ye>s ago into ! "* ( ! impurities1 & f\nd !m to consi/ ( ! foll[+ sub/ances3-- ,cotton ,wax4--,?is sub/ance be>s a close resemblance to c>nauba wax4 ,x is light] ?an wat]1 has a waxy lu/re1 is some:at transluc5t1 is easily p[d]$1 & melts bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( wat]4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 b dissolves 9 alcohol & 9 e!r4 ,:5 boil$ ) weak cau/ic soda x melts b is n dissolv$ by ! alkali2 x c1 h[ev]1 be dissolv$ by boil+ ) alcoholic cau/ic pota%4 ,?is wax is f\nd fairly uni=mly di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( ! cotton fibre1 & x is due to ?is fact t raw cotton is wett$ by wat] only ) difficulty4 ,fatty ,acids4--,a solid1 fatty acid1 melt+ at #ee ,c4 is also pres5t 9 cotton4 ,probably /e>ic acid is ! ma9 con/itu5t ( ?is fatty acid4 ,col\r+ ,matt]4--,two br[n col\r+ matt]s1 bo? conta9+ nitrog51 c be obta9$ f raw cotton4 ,"o ( ^! is readily soluble 9 alcohol1 ! o!r only sp>+ly s4 ,! pres5ce 9 relatively l>ge quantities ( ^! bodies acc\nts = ! br[n col\r ( ,egyptian & "s o!r d>k-col\r$ v>ieties ( cotton4 ,pectic ,acid4--,?is is ! *ief impurity f\nd 9 raw cotton4 ,x c be obta9$ 9 ! =m ( an amorph\s sub/ance ( a light yell[ col\r1 n unlike gum 9 appe>ance4 ,x is soluble 9 boil+ wat]1 & ! solution has a fa9t acid reaction4 ,acids & _m metallic salts1 su* z m]cury1 *loride & lead acetate1 precipitate pectic acid f its solutions4 ,alkalies comb9e ) x1 & ^! comp\nds =m br[n sub/ances1 are b sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 & _m ( !m c be precipitat$ out by addition ( neutral salts1 l sodium & ammonium *lorides4 ,album5s4--,a small quantity ( album9\s matt] is f\nd among ! impurities ( cotton4 ,/ructure ( ! ,cotton ,fibre4--,! cotton fibre v>ies 9 l5g? f #a to #b in*es1 n only 9 fibres ( ! same class b also 9 fibres f diff]5t localities--,indian fibres v>y+ f #j4h 9 ! %orte/ to #a4d 9 ! longe/ /apl$ v>ieties2 ,egyptian cotton fibres range f #a4a to #a4f in*es long2 ,am]ican cotton ranges f #j4h 9 ! %orte/ to #b in*es 9 ! longe/ fibres4 ,! diamet] is ab\t #a_/abfj ( an in*4 ,:5 se5 "u ! microscope fully ripe cotton pres5ts ! appe>ance ( irregul>ly twi/$ ribbons1 ) ?ick r\nd$ edges4 ,! ?icke/ "p is ! root end1 or po9t ( atta*m5t to ! se$4 ,! free end t]m9ates 9 a po9t4 ,! diamet] is fairly uni=m ?r\gh #c_/d to #g_/h ( its l5g?1 ! re/ is tap]4 ,9 ,fig4 #a is giv5 "s illu/rations ( ! cotton fibre1 %[+ ?is twi/$ & ribbon-l /ructure1 :ile 9 ,fig4 #a;,a is giv5 "s transv]se sections ( ! fibre4 ,^! %[ t x is a collaps$ cyl9d]1 ! walls be+ ( consid]able ?ickness :5 comp>$ ) ! int]nal bore or canal4 ,p]fectly develop$1 well-=m$ cotton fibres always pres5t ?is appe>ance4 ,b all comm]cial cottons conta9 m or less ( fibres :i* are n p]fectly develop$ or are unripe4 ,^! are kn[n z dead fibres2 !y d n sp9 well & !y d n dye well4 ,on exam9ation "u ! microscope x is se5 t ^! fibres h n ! flatt5$1 twi/$ appe>ance ( ! ripe fibres1 b are flatt]1 & ! c5tral canal is almo/ oblit]at$ & ! fibres are b little twi/$4 ,dead fibres are ?91 brittle & weak4 ,composition ( ! ,cotton ,fibres4--,( all ! vegetable textile fibres cotton is f\nd to h ! simple/ *emical composition & to be1 z x 71 ! type sub/ance ( all su* fibres1 ! o!rs diff]+ f x 9 sev]al respects4 ,:5 /ripp$ ( ! comp>atively small quantities ( impurities1 cotton is f\nd to consi/ ( a sub/ance to :i* ! "n ( cellulose has be5 giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,cotton ,fibre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a;,a4 ,cellulose is a comp\nd ( ! ?ree elem5ts1 c>bon1 hydrog5 & oxyg51 9 ! proportions %[n 9 ! foll[+ analysis3-- ,c>bon1 #dd4b p] c5t41 ,hydrog51 #f4c p] c5t41 ,oxyg51 #di4e p] c5t41 :i* corresponds to ! empirical =mula ,c#f;,h#aj,o#e1 :i* %[s x to belong to ! gr\p ( c>bo-hydrates1 t is1 bodies :i* conta9 ! hydrog5 & oxyg5 pres5t 9 !m 9 ! proportion 9 :i* !y are pres5t 9 wat]1 namely ,h#b,o4 ,cellulose may be obta9$ 9 a pure condition f cotton by treatm5t ) alkalies1 foll[$ by wa%+1 & by treatm5t ) alkal9e hypo*lorites1 acids1 wa%+ &1 f9ally1 dry+4 ,z ?us obta9$ x is a :ite sub/ance hav+ ! =m ( ! fibre f :i* x is procur$1 %[+ a slight lu/re1 & is slightly transluc5t4 ,! specific gravity is #a4e1 x be+ heavi] ?an wat]4 ,x is *>act]is$ by be+ v in]t1 a prop]ty ( consid]able value f a te*nical po9t ( view1 z enabl+ ! fibres to /& ! v>i\s op]ations ( blea*+1 dye+1 pr9t+1 f9i%+1 etc4 ,nev]!less1 by suitable means1 cellulose c be made to und]go v>i\s *emical decompositions :i* w be not$ 9 "s detail4 ,cellulose on exposure to ! air w absorb moi/ure or wat]4 ,?is is kn[n z hygroscopic moi/ure1 or wat] ( condition4 ,! am\nt 9 cotton is ab\t #h p] c5t41 & x has a v important be>+ on ! sp9n+ prop]ties ( ! fibre1 z x makes ! fibre s(t & ela/ic1 :ile absolutely dry cotton fibre is /iff1 brittle & non-ela/ic2 h5ce x is easi] to sp9 & weave cotton 9 moi/ climates or wea!r ?an 9 dry climates or wea!r4 ,cotton cellulose is insoluble 9 all ord9>y solv5ts1 su* z wat]1 e!r1 alcohol1 *lor(orm1 b5z5e1 etc41 & ^! ag5ts h no influ5ce 9 any way on ! mat]ial1 b x is soluble 9 "s special solv5ts t w be not$ lat] on4 ,,action ,,( ,,alkalies4 ,! action ( alkalies on cellulose or cotton is "o ( great importance 9 view ( ! univ]sal use ( alkal9e liquors made f soda or cau/ic soda 9 ! sc\r+1 blea*+ & dye+ ( cotton1 :ile great int]e/ atta*es to ! use ( cau/ic soda 9 ! m]c]is+ ( cotton4 ,dilute solutions ( ! cau/ic alkalies1 cau/ic soda or cau/ic pota%1 ( f #b to #g p] c5t4 /r5g?1 h no action on cellulose or cotton1 9 ! cold1 ev5 :5 a prolong$ dige/ion ( ! fibre ) ! alkal9e solution takes place4 ,cau/ic alkali solutions ( f #a to #b p] c5t4 /r5g? h little or no action ev5 :5 us$ at high temp]atures & "u consid]able pressure--a fact ( v great importance f a blea*]'s po9t ( view1 z x enables him to subject cotton to a boil 9 ki]s1 ) su* alkal9e solutions at high pressures1 = ! purpose ( sc\r+ ! cotton1 )\t damag+ ! fibre itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,m]c]is$ ,cotton ,fibre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b;,a4 ,solutions ( cau/ic soda ( great] /r5g? ?an #c p] c5t4 t5d1 :5 boil$ "u pressure1 to conv]t ! cellulose into soluble bodies1 & z mu* z #bj p] c5t4 ( ! fibre may become dissolv$ "u su* treatm5t4 ,! action ( /rong solutions ( cau/ic soda or cau/ic pota% ^u cellulose or cotton is some:at diff]5t4 ,m]c] f\nd t solutions conta9+ #aj p] c5t4 ( alkali _h a v consid]able effect ^u ! fibre1 caus+ x to swell up & become gelat9\s & transp>5t 9 its /ructure1 ea* individual cotton fibre los+ its ribbon-l appe>ance1 & assum+ a rod-l =m1 ! c5tral canal be+ m or less oblit]at$4 ,?is is %[n 9 ,fig4 #b & #b;,a1 :]e ! fibre is %[n z a rod & ! cross section 9 ,fig4 #b;,a has no c5tral canal4 ,! action :i* takes place is z foll[s3 ,! cellulose ent]s into a comb9ation ) ! alkali & !re is =m$ a sodium cellulose1 :i* has ! =mula ,c#f;,h#aj,o#eb,na,o,h4 ,?is alkali cellulose1 h[ev]1 is n a /able body2 by wa%+ ) wat] ! alkali is remov$1 & hydrat$ cellulose is obta9$1 :i* has ! =mula ,c#f;,h#aj,o#e;,h#b,o4 ,wat] removes ! :ole ( ! alkali1 b alcohol only removes "o half4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t dur+ ! process ( wa%+ ) wat] ! fibre %r9ks v mu*4 ,?is %r9kage is m p>ticul>ly to be obs]v$ 9 ! case ( cotton4 ,z ,john ,m]c] 0 ! fir/ to po9t out ! action ( ! alkal9e solutions on cotton1 ! process has become kn[n z m]c]isation4 ,solutions ( cau/ic soda ( #a4jjj or #bj ,tw4 9 /r5g? h v little m]c]is+ action1 & x is only by prolong$ treatm5t t m]c]isation c be effect$4 ,x is int]e/+ to obs]ve t ! addition ( z9c oxide to ! cau/ic solution increases its m]c]is+ p[]s4 ,solutions ( #a4bbe to #a4bge 7t is f #de to #ee ,tw4 9 /r5g?7 effect ! m]c]isation almo/ imm$iately 9 ! cold1 & ?is is ! be/ /r5g? at :i* to use cau/ic soda solutions = ?is purpose4 ,9 addition to ! *ange br\ght ab\t by ! %r9k+ & ?ick5+ ( ! mat]ial1 ! m]c]is$ fibres are /rong] ?an ! untreat$ fibres1 & at ! same "t !y h a /rong] aff9ity = dyes1 a piece ( clo? m]c]is$ tak+ up ?ree times z mu* col\r+ matt] z a piece ( unm]c]is$ clo? f ! same dye-ba?4 ,! %r9kage ( ! cotton1 :i* takes place dur+ ! op]ation ( wa%+ ) wat]1 0 = a long "t a b> to any practical application ( ! m]c]is+ process1 b "s ye>s ago ,l[e asc]ta9$ t by conduct+ ! op]ation :ile ! cotton 0 /ret*$ or 9 a /ate ( t5sion ?is %r9kage did n take place2 fur!r1 ,?omas & ,prevo/ f\nd t ! cotton s treat$ ga9$ a silky lu/re1 & x has s9ce be5 asc]ta9$ t ?is lu/re is mo/ highly develop$ ) ! long-/apl$ ,egyptian & ,sea ,isl& cottons4 ,?is m]c]is+ "u t5sion is n[ appli$ on a l>ge scale to produce silkifi$ cotton4 ,:5 view$ "u ! microscope1 ! silkifi$ cotton fibres h ! appe>ance %[n 9 ,fig4 #c1 long rod-l fibres ne>ly if n q cyl9drical2 ! cross section ( ^? fibres has ! appe>ance %[n 9 ,fig4 #c;,a4 ,?is /ructure fully acc\nts = ! silky lu/re possess$ by ! m]c]is$ fibres4 ,silky m]c]is$ cotton has v consid]able aff9ity = dye-/uffs1 tak+ !m up mu* m readily f dye-ba?s1 & x is dy$ 9 v brilliant %ades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,silkifi$ ,cotton ,fibre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig #c;,a4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,sc\r+ & ,blea*+ ( ,cotton1 "s ref]5ce w be made to ! action ( alkalies on cotton4 ,,action ,,( ,,acids ,,on ,,cellulose4 ,! action ( acids on cellulose is a v v>i$ "o1 be+ dep5d5t ^u sev]al factors1 su* z ! p>ticul> acid us$1 ! /r5g? ( ! acid1 duration ( action1 temp]ature1 etc4 ,z a rule1 organic acids--= example acetic1 oxalic1 citric1 t>t>ic--h no action on cellulose or cotton4 ,solutions ( sulphuric acid or hydro*loric acid ( #b p] c5t4 /r5g? h practically no action 9 ! cold1 & if aft] imm]sion ! cotton or cellulose be well wa%$ !re is no *ange ( any k9d4 ,?is is important1 z 9 c]ta9 op]ations ( blea*+ cotton & o!r vegetable fibres x is necess>y to s\r !m1 :i* c\ld n be done if acids act$ on !m1 b x is important to ?or\ghly wa% ! goods aft]w>ds4 ,:5 ! acid solutions are us$ at ! boil !y h a dis9tegrat+ effect on ! cellulose1 ! latt] be+ conv]t$ into hydrocellulose4 ,:5 dri$1 ! cellulose is v brittle & p[d]y1 :i* 9 ! case ( cotton y>n be+ s treat$ w\ld %[ itself by ! y>n becom+ t5d] & rott54 ,! degree ( action v>ies ) ! temp]ature 7! high] ?is is ! /rong] ! action71 & also accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! acid solution4 ,?us a #aj p] c5t4 solution ( sulphuric acid us$ at a temp]ature ( #hj ,c4 beg9s to act on cotton aft] ab\t five m9utes' imm]sion1 9 half an h\r !re is a p]ceptible am\nt ( dis9tegration1 b ! complete conv]sion ( ! cotton into hydrocellulose requires "o h\r's imm]sion4 ,a dilute acid ) #h volumes ( wat]1 us$ 9 ! cold1 takes ?ree h\rs' imm]sion be=e any action on ! cotton becomes evid5t4 ,,action ,,( ,,sulphuric ,,acid ,,on ,,cotton4 ,:5 cellulose 7cotton7 is imm]s$ 9 /rong sulphuric acid ! cotton becomes gradually dissolv$2 z ! action progresses cellulose sulphates are =m$1 & "s hydrolytic action takes place1 ) ! =mation ( sug>4 ,?is fact has long be5 kn[n1 b only rec5tly has x be5 %[n t dextrose 0 ! v>iety ( sug> :i* 0 =m$4 ,on dilut+ ! /rong acid solution ) wat] !re is precipitat$ out ! hydro or oxycelluloses t h be5 =m$1 :ile ! cellulose sulphates are reta9$ 9 solution4 ,by suitable means ! calcium1 b>ium1 or lead salts ( ^! cellulose-sulphuric acids c be prep>$4 ,analysis ( !m %[s t ^! salts und]go hydrolysis1 & lose half _! sulphuric acid4 ,! action ( /rong sulphuric acid has a practical application 9 ! production ( p>*m5t pap]2 unsiz$ pap] is imm]s$ 9 /rong acid ( ! prop] /r5g? = ab\t a m9ute1 & !n imm$iately r9s$ 9 wat]4 ,! acid acts ^u ! surface ( ! pap] & =ms ! cellulose-sulphuric acid :i* rema9s atta*$ to ! surface4 ,on pass+ into ! wat] ?is is decompos$1 ! acid is wa%$ away1 & ! cellulose is deposit$ 9 an amorph\s =m on ! pap]1 fill+ up its pores & r5d]+ x wat]pro( & grease-pro(4 ,su* pap]s are n[ l>gely us$ = pack+ purposes4 ,,action ,,( ,,hydro*loric ,,acid4 ,dilute hydro*loric acid ( f #a to #b ,tw4 9 /r5g?1 us$ 9 ! cold1 has no action on cellulose4 ,cotton imm]s$ 9 acids ( ! /r5g? nam$ & !n well wa%$ 9 wat] is n mat]ially affect$ 9 any way1 :i* is a feature ( "s value 9 connection ) ! blea*+ ( cotton1 :]e ! mat]ial has to be treat$ at two po9ts 9 ! process ) weak acids4 ,boil+ dilute hydro*loric acid ( #aj ,tw4 dis9tegrates cellulose v rapidly4 ,! product is a :ite v friable p[d]1 :i* if view$ "u ! microscope appe>s to be fragm5ts ( ! fibre t has be5 us$ to prep>e x4 ,! product has ! composition ,c#ab;,h#bb,o#aa1 & is !re=e a hydrate ( cellulose1 ! latt] hav+ und]gone hydrolysis by tak+ up ! elem5ts ( wat] accord+ to ! equation #b;,c#f;,h#aj,o#e ,h#b,o ,c#ab;,h#bb,o#aa4 ,by fur!r dige/ion ) ! acid1 ! hydrocellulose1 z x is call$1 und]goes molecul> *ange1 & is conv]t$ into dextr9e4 ,9 composition hydrocellulose resembles ! product =m$ by ! addition ( sulphuric acid :i* has receiv$ ! "n ( amyloid4 ,x diff]s f cellulose 9 conta9+ free c>boxyl1 ,,co1 gr\ps1 :ile its hydroxyl gr\ps1 ,,ho1 are mu* m active 9 _! *emical reactions4 ,hydrocellulose is soluble 9 nitric acid1 #a4e specific gravity1 )\t und]go+ oxidation4 ,nitrates are =m$ v>y+ 9 composition4 ,! =mation ( hydrocellulose has a v important be>+ 9 wooll5 manufacture4 ,x is practically impossible to obta9 wool free f vegetable fibres1 & x is (t5 desirable to sep>ate ^! vegetable fibres4 ,= ?is purpose ! goods are pass$ into a ba? ( hydro*loric acid or ( weak sulphuric acid4 ,on dry+ ! acid conv]ts ! cotton or vegetable fibre into hydrocellulose :i*1 be+ friable or p[d]y1 c be easily remov$1 :ile ! wool n hav+ be5 act$ on by ! acid rema9s q intact4 ,! process is kn[n z c>bonis+4 ,x may n only be done by means ( ! acids nam$ b also by ! use ( acid salts1 su* z alum9ium *loride1 :i* on be+ heat$ are decompos$ into free acid & basic oxide4 ,= ! same reason x is important to avoid ! use ( ^! bodies1 alum9ium *loride & sulphate1 z9c & magnesium *lorides1 etc41 9 ! treatm5t ( cotton fabrics2 z 9 f9i%+ processes1 :]e ! goods are dri$ aft]w>ds1 !re is a great liability to =m hydrocellulose ) ! accompanim5t ( ! t5d]+ ( ! goods4 ,,action ,,( ,,nitric ,,acid4 ,! action ( nitric acid on cellulose is a v>iable "o1 dep5d+ on _m factors1 /r5g? ( acid1 duration ( action & temp]ature4 ,naturally z nitric acid is a /rong oxidis+ ag5t ! action ( nitric acid on cellulose is ess5tially 9 all cases t ( an oxidant1 b ! "* ( ! product :i* is obta9$ v>ies v mu* accord+ to ! conditions j not$4 ,:5 cellulose or cotton 9 any =m is imm]s$ 9 nitric acid ( #a4d to #a4e specific gravity = a mom5t1 & ! fibre be well wa%$1 !re is a =mation ( hydrate ( cellulose :i* has a gelat9\s nature4 ,?is is deposit$ on ! re/ ( ! mat]ial1 :i* is n mat]ially affect$ s f> z reg>ds /r5g? & appe>ance1 b its p[] ( aff9ity = dyes is mat]ially increas$4 ,!re is "s %r9kage 9 ! size ( ! cotton or pap] act$ ^u4 ,nitric acid *anges all k9ds ( cellulose into nitro products1 ! composition ( :i* dep5ds ^u ! /r5g? ( ! acid1 ! duration ( treatm5t1 & "o or two o!r factors4 ,! nitrocelluloses are all highly inflammable bodies1 ! m highly nitrat$ burn+ ) explosive =ce4 ,!y are produc$ comm]cially & are kn[n z gun cotton or pyroxyl9e4 ,! mo/ highly nitrat$ body =ms ! basis ( ! explosive v>iety2 ! lea/ highly nitrat$ =ms t ( ! soluble gun cotton us$ = mak+ collodion = photographic & o!r purposes4 ,! products =m$ by ! action ( nitric acid are usually consid]$ to be nitrocelluloses4 ,x w\ld appe> t !y are m correctly describ$ z cellulose-nitrates1 = analysis indicates ! pres5ce ( ! ,,no#c gr\p1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( nitrates1 & n ( ! ,,no#b gr\p1 :i* is ! feature ( nitro bodies 9 g5]al4 ,fur!r1 nitro comp\nds1 :5 subject to ! action ( r$uc+ ag5ts1 are conv]t$ into amido comp\nds1 z is ! case1 = in/ance1 ) nitro-b5z5e1 ,c#f;,h#e,,no#b1 into anil9e1 ,c#f;,h#e,,nh#b1 or ) nitro-naph?al5e1 ,c#aj;,h#g,,no#b1 :i* *anges into naph?ylam9e1 ,c#aj;,h#g,,nh#b4 ,b ! nitric acid d]ivatives ( cellulose are n capable ( conv]sion by r$uc+ ag5ts into simil> amido comp\nds4 ,!y h ! foll[+ prop]ties1 :i* accord m closely ) nitrates ?an ) nitric bodies3 alkalies remove ! nitric acid2 cold sulphuric acid expels ! nitric acid1 cellulose sulphates be+ =m$2 boil+ ) f]r\s sulphate & hydro*loric acid causes ! elim9ation ( ! nitric acid z nitric oxide 7on :i* reaction a me?od = det]m9+ ! degree ( nitration ( gun cotton is bas$74 ,x is be/ !re=e to consid] !m z cellulose nitrates4 ,sev]al well-*>act]is$ cellulose nitrates h be5 prep>$1 b is an exce$+ly difficult matt] to obta9 any "o 9 a /ate ( purity1 ! comm]cial articles be+ always mixtures ( two or ?ree4 ,^? t are be/ kn[n & ( ! mo/ importance are ! foll[+3-- ,cellulose ,hexa-nitrate1 ,c#f;,h#d,o#e7,,no#c7f4 ,?is =ms ! pr9cipal portion ( ! comm]cial explosive gun cotton1 & is made :5 a mixture ( /rong nitric acid & /rong sulphuric acid is all[$ to act on cotton at f #ej to #ee ,f4 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! long] ! action is prolong$1 ! m completely is ! cotton conv]t$ into ! nitrate1 ) a %ort duration ! f9i%$ product conta9s l[] nitrates4 ,?is hexa-nitrate is insoluble 9 e!r1 alcohol1 or 9 a mixture ( ^? solv5ts1 likewise 9 glacial acetic acid or 9 me?yl alcohol4 ,cellulose ,p5ta-nitrate1 ,c#f;,h#e,o#e7,,no#c7e1 is f\nd 9 explosive gun cotton to a small ext5t4 ,:5 gun cotton is dissolv$ 9 nitric acid & sulphuric acid is add$1 ! p5ta-nitrate is ?r[n d[n z a precipitate4 ,x is n soluble 9 alcohol1 b is s 9 a mixture ( e!r & alcohol1 x is also slightly soluble 9 acetic acid4 ,solutions ( cau/ic pota% conv]t x into ! di-nitrate4 ,cellulose ,tetra-nitrate1 ,c#f;,h#f,o#e7,,no#c7d1 & ,cellulose ,tri-nitrate1 ,c#f;,h#g,o#e17,,no#c7c1 =m ! basis ( ! pyroxyl9e or soluble gun cotton ( comm]ce4 ,x has n be5 f\nd possible to sep>ate !m ow+ to _! behavi\r to solv5ts be+ v simil>4 ,^! nitrates are obta9$ by treat+ cotton ) nitric acid = tw5ty or ?irty m9utes4 ,!y are *>act]is$ by be+ m soluble ?an ! high] nitrates & less inflammable4 ,!y are freely soluble 9 a mixture ( e!r & alcohol1 f :i* solutions !y are precipitat$ 9 a gelat9\s =m on add+ *lor(orm4 ,acetic e!r1 me?yl alcohol1 acetone & glacial acetic acid1 w also dissolve ^! nitrates4 ,cellulose ,di-nitrate1 ,c#f;,h#h,o#e7,,no#c7b1 is obta9$ :5 cellulose is treat$ ) hot dilute nitric acid1 or :5 ! high nitrates are boil$ ) solutions ( cau/ic soda or cau/ic pota%4 ,l ! la/-m5tion$ nitrates x is soluble 9 a mixture ( alcohol & e!r1 9 acetic e!r1 & 9 absolute alcohol4 ,! solution ( ! pyroxyl9e nitrates 9 e!r & alcohol is kn[n z collodion1 & is us$ 9 photography & 9 m$ical & surgical "w4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ applications ( ! cellulose nitrates is 9 ! production ( artificial silk4 ,sev]al processes1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 :i* are p>tly *emical & p>tly me*anical1 h be5 pat5t$ = ! production ( artificial silk1 ^? ( ,lehn] & ( ,*>donnet be+ ( mo/ importance4 ,!y all dep5d ^u ! fact t :5 a solution ( cellulose nitrate is =c$ ?r\gh a f9e ap]ture or tube1 ! solv5t evaporates almo/ imm$iately1 leav+ a gelat9\s ?read ( ! cellulose nitrate :i* is v t\gh & ela/ic1 & possesses a brilliant lu/re4 ,*>donnet dissolves ! cellulose nitrate 9 a mixture ( alcohol & e!r1 & ! solution is =c$ ?r\gh f9e capill>y tubes into hot wat]1 :5 ! solv5ts imm$iately evaporate1 leav+ ! cellulose nitrate 9 ! =m ( v f9e fibre1 :i* by suitable ma*9]y is drawn away z fa/ z x is =m$4 ,lehn]'s process is v simil> to t ( ,*>donnet4 ,lehn] uses a solution ( cellulose nitrate 9 e!r & alcohol1 & adds a small quantity ( sulphuric acid2 by ! adoption ( ! latt] +r$i5t he is able to use a /rong] solution ( cellulose nitrate1 #aj to #ae p] c5t41 ?an w\ld o!rwise be possible1 & !reby obta9s a /rong] ?read :i* resi/s ! process ( draw+ mu* bett] ?an is ! case :5 only a weak solution 9 alcohol & e!r is employ$4 ,by subsequ5t treatm5t ! fibre c be d5itrat$ & s r5d]$ less inflammable4 ,! d5itrat$ fibres ?us prep>$ v closely resemble silk 9 _! lu/re2 !y are n q s s(t & supple1 nor are !y 9 any way s /rong z ord9>y silk fibre ( ! same diamet]4 ,artificial silk c be dy$ 9 ! same mann] z ord9>y silk4 ,,action ,,( ,,oxidis+ ,,ag5ts ,,on ,,cellulose ,,or ,,cotton ,cellulose resi/s fairly well ! action ( weak oxidis+ ag5ts2 /ill too prolong$ an action ( weak oxidis+ ag5ts has "s influ5ce ^u ! cotton fibre1 & x may be wor? :ile to po9t out ! action ( "s bodies hav+ an oxidis+ effect4 ,nitric acid ( ab\t #a4ae specific gravity has little action 9 ! cold1 & only sl[ly on x :5 heat$4 ,! action is "o ( oxidation1 ! cellulose be+ trans=m$ into a sub/ance kn[n z oxycellulose4 ,?is oxycellulose is :ite & floccul5t4 ,x t5ds to =m gelat9\s hydrates ) wat]1 & has a composition correspond+ to ! =mula ,c#f;,h#aj,o#f4 ,x is soluble 9 a mixture ( nitric & sulphuric acids1 & on dilut+ ?is solution ) wat] a tri-nitrate precipitates out4 ,a weak solution ( soda dissolves ?is oxycellulose ) a yell[ col\r1 :ile /rong sulphuric acid =ms a p9k col\ration4 ,x is important to note t nitric acid ( ! /r5g? giv5 does n conv]t all ! cellulose into oxycellulose1 b !re are =m$ also c>bonic & oxalic acids4 ,:5 cotton is pass$ into /rong solutions ( blea*+ p[d] & ( alkal9e hypo*lorites & !n dri$1 x is f\nd to be t5d]$ v consid]ably4 ,?is effect ( blea*+ p[d] 0 fir/ obs]v$ "s ?irte5 ye>s ago by ,george ,witz1 :o ascrib$ ! t5d]+ ( ! cotton to ! =mation ( an oxycellulose4 ,al?\gh ! composition ( ?is p>ticul> oxycellulose s =m$ has n yet be5 asc]ta9$1 !re is reason to ?9k t x diff]s some:at f ! oxycellulose =m$ by ! action ( ! weak nitric acid4 ,a notable prop]ty ( ! oxycellulose n[ "u consid]ation is its aff9ity = ! basic coal-t> dyes1 :i* x w absorb directly4 ,! oxycellulose is soluble 9 alkal9e solutions4 ,9 ! ord9>y blea*+ process !re is consid]able risk ( ! =mation ( oxycellulose by ! employm5t ( ! blea*+ solutions ( too great a /r5g?1 or 9 all[+ ! goods to lie too long be=e ! f9al wa%+ (f4 ,! pres5ce ( any oxycellulose 9 blea*$ cotton may be readily det]m9$ by imm]s+ x 9 a weak solution ( ,me?yl5e blue1 :51 if !re be any oxycellulose pres5t1 ! fibre w take up "s ( ! dye-/uff4 ,p]manganate ( pota% is a v p[]ful oxidis+ ag5t4 ,on cellulose neutral solutions h b little action1 ei!r 9 ! cold or :5 heat$4 ,!y may1 !re=e1 be us$ = ! blea*+ ( cotton or o!r cellulose fibres4 ,alkal9e solutions ( p]manganate conv]t ! cellulose into oxycellulose1 :i* resembles ! oxycellulose obta9$ by ! action ( ! nitric acid4 ,*romic acid1 :5 us$ 9 ! =m ( a solution1 has b little action on cellulose4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( m9]al acids1 & us$ w>m or boil+1 *romic acid oxidises cellulose into oxycellulose & o!r products4 ,x is !re=e always advisable 9 c>ry+ out any te*nical process connect$ ) cotton :i* involves its treatm5t ) oxidis+ ag5ts ( any k9d1 & :]e x is desir$ n to alt] ! cotton1 to all[ ^! actions to be z %ort z possible4 ,dyes & ,cotton ,dye+4--,an acc\nt ( ! *emi/ry ( ! cotton fibre w\ld n be complete unless some?+ is said ab\t ! reactions involv$ 9 ! processes ( dye+ & pr9t+ cotton4 ,?is is a mo/ int]e/+ subject & op5s up q a numb] ( problems relat+ to ! comb9ation ( ! fibre ) col\r+ matt] ( v>i\s k9ds1 b "h only a brief outl9e ( ! pr9ciples t pres5t !mselves 9 consid]+ ! behavi\r ( ! cotton fibre z reg>ds col\r+ matt] w be giv54 ,:5 ! "q is consid]$ f a broad po9t ( view1 & hav+ reg>d to ! v>i\s aff9ities ( ! dyes = cotton2 we notice 7#a7 t !re is a l>ge numb] ( dye-/uffs--! ,b5zo1 ,congo1 ,diam9e1 ,titan1 ,mikado1 etc41 dyes--t w dye ! cotton f a pla9 ba? or f a ba? conta9+ salt1 sodium sulphate1 borax or simil> salts2 7#b7 t !re are dyes :i*1 l ,mag5ta1 ,safran9e1 ,auram9e & ,me?yl violet1 w n dye ! cotton fibre direct1 b require x to be mordant$ or prep>$ ) tannic acid2 7#c7 t !re are "s dyes or r col\r+ matt]s :i*1 l ,aliz>9e1 ,nitroso-resorc9e1 b>wood1 logwood1 etc41 require alum9a1 *rome & iron mordants2 7#d7 t !re are "s dyes :i*1 l ! azo sc>let & azo col\rs 9 g5]al1 _c be us$ 9 cotton dye+2 7#e7 t !re are a few dyes1 i4e41 indigo1 :i* d n come "u ?is gr\p+4 ,f ! results ( rec5t inve/igations into ! *emi/ry ( dye+ x is n[ consid]$ t = p]fect dye+ to take place !re mu/ be =m$ on ! fibre a comb9ation :i* is call$ a col\r lake1 :i* consi/s ( at lea/ two con/itu5ts2 "o ( ^! is ! dye-/uff or ! col\r+ matt] itself1 ! o!r be+ ei!r ! fibre or a mordant1 if su* has to be us$4 ,! "q ( ! =mation ( col\r lakes is "o connect$ ) ! molecul> con/itution ( ! col\r+ matt]1 b mu* yet rema9s to be done be=e ! prop] functions & mode ( action ( ! v>i\s gr\ps or radicles 9 ! dye-/uffs c be def9itely /at$4 ,:ile ! con/itution ( ! dye-/uff is ( importance1 t ( ! sub/ance be+ dy$ is also a factor 9 ! "q ( ! conditions "u :i* x is appli$4 ,9 deal+ ) ! fir/ ( ! above gr\ps ( dyes1 ! direct dyes1 ! col\ri/ is some:at at a loss to expla9 9 :at mann] ! comb9ation ) ! cotton fibre is br\ght ab\t4 ,! aff9ity ( cellulose = dyes appe>s to be s small & its *emical activities s weak1 t to assume ! exi/5ce ( a reaction betwe5 ! dye-/uff & ! fibre1 t5d+ to ! =mation ( a col\r lake1 seems to be unt5able4 ,!n1 aga91 ! *emical composition & con/itution ( ! dyes ( ?is gr\p are s v>i$ t an explanation :i* w\ld hold good = "o might n d s = ano!r4 ,! relative fa/ness ( ! dyes aga9/ wa%+ & soap+ precludes ! idea ( a m]ely me*anical absorption ( ! dye by ! fibre2 on ! o!r h& ! great diff]5ce 9 ! fa/ness to soap+ & light betwe5 ! same dyes on cotton & wool w\ld %[ t !re has n be5 a true =mation ( col\r lake4 ,! dye+ ( cotton ) ! second gr\p ( dyes is m easily expla9$4 ,! cotton fibre has "s aff9ity = ! tannic acid us$ 9 prep>+ x & absorbs x f ! mordant+ ba?4 ,! tannic acid has ! prop]ty ( comb9+ ) ! basic con/itu5ts ( ^! dyes & =ms a true col\r lake1 :i* is firmly fix$ on ! fibre4 ,! col\r lake c be =m$ indep5d5tly ( ! fibre by br++ ! tannic acid & ! dye into contact ) "o ano!r4 ,9 ! case ( ! dyes ( ! ?ird gr\p1 ! =mation ( a col\r lake betwe5 ! metallic oxide & ! col\r+ matt] c be readily demon/rat$4 ,9 dye+ ) ^! col\rs ! cotton is fir/ ( all impregnat$ ) ! mordant+ oxide1 & aft]w>ds plac$ 9 ! dye-ba?1 ! mordant already fix$ on ! fibre !n reacts ) ! dye1 & absorbs x1 ?us dye+ ! cotton4 ,to "s ext5t ! dye+ ( cotton ) ! basic dyes ( ! second gr\p & ! mordant dyes ( ! ?ird gr\p is almo/ a me*anical "o1 ! cotton fibre tak+ no "p 9 x f a *emical po9t ( view1 b simply play+ ! "p ( a base or f\ndation on :i* ! col\r lake may be =m$4 ,9 ! case ( ! dyes ( ! f\r? gr\p1 !re be+ no *emical aff9ity ( ! cotton kn[n = !m1 ^! dyes _c be us$ 9 a successful mann]2 cotton w1 if imm]s$ 9 a ba? conta9+ !m1 m or less me*anically take up "s ( ! col\r f ! liquor1 b su* col\r c be almo/ completely wa%$ out aga91 h5ce ^! dyes are n us$ 9 cotton dye+1 al?\gh _m attempts h be5 made to r5d] !m available4 ,indigo is a dye-/uff t /&s by itself4 ,its comb9ation ) ! cotton fibre is *iefly ( a physical r ?an a *emical nature2 x does n =m col\r lakes 9 ! same way z ,aliz>9e & ,mag5ta d4 ,cellulose c be dissolv$ by c]ta9 metallic solutions & prep>ations3-- 7#a7 ,z9c ,*loride4--,:5 cotton or o!r =m ( cellulose is heat$ ) a /rong solution1 #dj to #ej p] c5t41 x sl[ly dissolves to a syrupy liquid4 ,on dilut+ ?is liquid ) wat] ! cellulose is ?r[n d[n 9 a gelat9\s =m1 b m or less hydrat$1 & conta9+ "s z9c oxide1 #ah to #be p] c5t41 9 comb9ation4 7#b7 ,z9c ,*loride & ,hydro*loric ,acid4--,:5 z9c *loride is dissolv$ 9 hydro*loric acid a liquid is obta9$ :i* dissolves cellulose2 on dilution ! cellulose is re-precipitat$ 9 a hydrat$ =m4 ,x is wor? not+ t ! solution is n a /able "o3 on keep+1 ! cellulose *anges its "* & und]goes hydrolysis to a great] or less ext5t4 7#c7 ,ammoniacal ,copp]4--,:5 ammonia is add$ to a solution ( copp] sulphate1 !re is =m$ at fir/ a pale blue precipitate ( copp] hydroxide1 :i* on add+ excess ( ammonia dissolves to a deep blue solution--a reaction highly *>act]i/ic ( copp]4 ,! ammoniacal copp] solution ?us prep>$ has1 z 0 fir/ obs]v$ by ,john ,m]c]1 ! prop]ty ( dissolv+ cellulose fairly rapidly1 ev5 9 ! cold4 ,if in/ead ( prep>+ ! ammoniacal copp] solution 9 ! mann] indicat$ above1 :i* results 9 its conta9+ a neutral ammonium salt1 ! copp] hydroxide be prep>$ sep>ately & !n dissolv$ 9 ammonia a solution is obta9$ :i* is /rong] 9 its action4 ,! cupra-ammonium solutions ( cellulose are by no means /able b *ange on keep+4 ,:5 fre%ly prep>$1 ! cellulose may be precipitat$ f !m almo/ un*ang$ by ! addition ( su* bodies z alcohol1 sug> & solutions ( neutral alkal9e salts4 ,on keep+ ! cellulose und]goes m or less hydrolysis or ev5 oxidation1 = x has be5 obs]v$ t oxycellulose is =m$ on prolong$ dige/ion ( cellulose ) cupra-ammonium solutions1 :ile !re is =m$ a fairly l>ge proportion ( a nitrite4 ,on add+ lead acetate to ! cupra-ammonium solution ( cellulose1 a comp\nd ( lead oxide & cellulose ( some:at v>iable composition is precipitat$4 ,x is ( int]e/ also to note t on add+ metallic z9c to ! cupra-ammonium solution ! copp] is ?r[n out & a solution conta9+ z9c is obta9$4 ,?is action ( cupra-ammonium solutions on cellulose has be5 made ! basis = ! production ( ! ,willesd5 wat]pro( clo?s4 ,cotton clo?s or pap] are pass$ ?r\gh ^! solutions ( v>i\s degrees ( /r5g? accord+ to requirem5ts1 !y are !n pass$ ?r\gh roll]s :i* causes ! surface to become m compact4 ,!re is =m$ on ! surface ( ! goods a deposit ( a gelat9\s nature :i* makes ! surface m compact1 & ! fabric becomes wat]pro( 9 "* :ile ! copp] imp>ts to !m a gre5 col\r & acts z a pres]vative4 ,! ,willesd5 fabrics h be5 f\nd v useful = a v>iety ( purposes4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,sc\r+ ,,& ,,blea*+ ,,( ,,cotton4 ,prep>atory to ! actual dye+ op]ations1 x is necess>y to treat cotton 9 any condition--loose cotton1 y>n1 or piece--s t ! dye+ %all be prop]ly done4 ,raw cotton conta9s _m impurities1 me*anical & o!rwise2 cotton y>ns accumulate dirt & impurities ( v>i\s k9ds dur+ ! v>i\s sp9n+ op]ations1 :ile 9 weav+ a piece ( cotton clo? x is practically impossible to keep x clean & free f dirt1 etc4 ,be=e ! cotton c be dy$ a p]fectly level & uni=m %ade1 free f d>k spots or light pat*es1 ^! impurities mu/ be remov$1 & !re=e ! cotton is subject$ to v>i\s sc\r+ or cleans+ op]ations ) ! object ( effect+ ?is end4 ,!n aga9 cotton naturally1 especially ,egyptian cotton1 conta9s a small quantity ( a br[n col\r+ matt]1 & ?is w\ld int]f]e ) ! purity ( any pale t9ts ( blue1 rose1 yell[1 gre51 etc41 :i* may be dy$ on ! cotton1 & s x becomes necess>y to remove ?is col\r & r5d] ! cotton q bright4 ,?is is commonly call$ blea*+4 ,x is ^! prep>atory processes t w be dealt ) 9 ?is *apt]4 ,sc\r+ ,cotton4--,:5 d>k %ades--blacks1 br[ns1 olives1 sages1 gre5s1 etc41 are to be dy$ x is n ne$ful to subject ! cotton to a blea*+ op]ation1 b simply to a sc\r+ by boil+ x ) soda or cau/ic soda4 ,?is is v (t5-c>ri$ out 9 ! same ma*9e z ! goods w be dy$ 92 ?us1 = in/ance1 9 ! case ( pieces1 !y w\ld be *>g$ 9 a jigg]1 ?is w\ld be fill$ ) a liquor made f soda or f cau/ic soda1 & ! pieces run f end to end1 :ile ! liquor is be+ heat$ to ! boil--usually half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r is suffici5t4 ,!n ! alkali liquor is run out1 clean wat] run into ! jigg] & ! pieces wa%$1 aft] :i* ! dyes1 etc41 are run into ! jigg] & ! dye+ done4 ,!re is usually us$ #b lb4 to #c lb4 ( cau/ic soda1 or #c lb4 to #d lb4 ( soda = ea* #ajj lb4 ( goods s treat$4 ,if ! ord9>y dye+ ma*9es are n us$ = ?is purpose1 !n ! ord9>y blea*]s' ki]s may be us$4 ,^! w be describ$ pres5tly4 ,blea*+ ( ,cotton4--,cotton is blea*$ 9 ! =m ( y>n1 or 9 ! f9i%$ pieces4 ,9 ! latt] case ! me?od dep5ds v l>gely on ! nature ( ! fabric2 x is obvi\s t f9e fabrics1 l musl9s or lace curta9s1 _c /& ! same r\gh treatm5t z a piece ( twill$ calico w4 ,!n1 aga91 ! blea*+ process is v>i$ accord+ to :at is go+ to be done ) ! goods aft] !y are blea*$2 sometimes !y are s5t out z !y leave ! blea*-h\se2 aga91 !y may h to be dy$ or pr9t$4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! blea* ne$ n be ( su* a p]fect "* z 9 ! la/ case1 :i* aga9 mu/ be m p]fect ?an ! second class ( blea*4 ,!re may be recognis$3-- 7#a7 ,m>ket or :ite blea*4 7#b7 ,dy]s or pr9t]s' blea*4 7#c7 ,madd] blea*4 ,z ! madd] blea* is by f> ! mo/ p]fect ( ! ?ree1 & practically includes ! o!rs1 ?is w be describ$ 9 detail1 & diff]5ces betwe5 x & ! o!rs w be !n po9t$ out4 ,a piece is subject$ to ! madd] blea* :i* has aft]w>ds to be pr9t$ ) madd] or aliz>9e4 ,usually 9 ?is k9d ( "w ! clo?s are pr9t$ ) mordant col\rs1 & !n dy$ 9 a ba? ( ! dye-/uff4 ,?is /a9s ! :ole ( ! piece1 & to rid ! clo? ( ! /a9 :]e x has to be left :ite1 x is subject$ to a soap ba?4 ,n[1 unless ! blea* has be5 ?or\gh1 ! :ites w be m or less /a9$ p]man5tly1 & to avoid ?is clo?s :i* are to be pr9t$ ) aliz>9e col\rs are mo/ ?or\ghly blea*$4 ,! madd] blea* ( ! pres5t day g5]ally includes ! foll[+ s]ies ( op]ations3-- 7#a7 ,/it*+4 7#b7 ,s+e+4 7#c7 ,s+e+ wa%4 7#d7 ,lime boil4 7#e7 ,lime s\r4 7#f7 ,lye boil4 7#g7 ,res9 boil4 7#h7 ,wa%4 7#i7 ,*emic+4 7#aj7 ,:ite s\r4 7#a7 ,/it*+4--,! pieces are fa/5$ toge!r by /it*+ into "o long rope1 :i* is pass$ 9 a cont9u\s mann] ?r\gh all op]ations 9 :i* su* a proce$+ is possible4 ,?is /it*+ is done by ma*9es1 ! simple/ ( :i* is ! donkey ma*9e1 :]eby ! ends ( ! pieces1 :i* are to be /it*$ toge!r1 are =c$ by a pair ( cog:eels work+ toge!r on to ! ne$le c>ry+ a piece ( ?read1 ?is is !n pull$ ?r\gh & =ms a runn+ /it*1 a consid]able l5g? ( ?read be+ left on ea* side s z to prev5t z f> z possible ! pull+ asund] ( ! pieces by an accid5tal draw+ out ( ! ?read4 ,bir*'s sew+ ma*9e is v l>gely us$ 9 blea* works4 ,x consi/s ess5tially ( a ,wilcox ,gibb ma*9e fitt$ on a /& s z to be driv5 by p[]4 ,! pieces are c>ri$ "u ! ne$le by a l>ge :eel1 ! p]iph]y ( :i* conta9s a numb] ( project+ p9s t1 engag+ 9 ! clo?1 c>ry x along4 ,!re is also a contrivance by :i* ^! pieces to be sewn c be kept /ret*$1 ?is takes ! =m ( an arm ) clips at ! end1 :i* hold "o end ( ! clo? :ile x is runn+ ?r\gh ! ma*9e4 ,! clip arrangem5t is automatic1 & j be=e ! end passes "u ! ne$le x is releas$1 & ! arm flies back ready = ! next piece2 x is1 h[ev]1 n necess>y to use ?is arm always4 ,?is ma*9e gives a *a9 /it* suffici5tly firm to resi/ a pull 9 ! direction ( ! l5g? ( ! pieces1 b giv+ readily to a pull at ! end ( ! ?read4 ,! ,ray] ,l9coln ma*9e is an ,am]ican inv5tion1 & is mu* m complicat$ ?an ,bir*'s4 ,x consi/s ( a sew+ ma*9e m\nt$ on ! p]iph]y ( a l>ge revolv+ :eel4 ,?is c>ries a numb] ( p9s1 :i*1 engag+ 9 ! clo? to be /it*$1 c>ry x "u ! ne$le ( ! ma*9e4 ,besides sew+ ! pieces toge!r ?is ma*9e is fitt$ ) a pair ( revolv+ cutt]s :i* trim ! ends ( ! pieces z !y pass ?r\gh 9 a neat clean mann]4 ,!re is also an arrangem5t to m>k ! pieces z !y are be+ /it*$4 ,l ,bir*'s x produces a *a9 /it*4 ,:at is important 9 sew+ ! ends ( pieces toge!r is to get a firm uni=m /it* t lies level ) ! clo?s )\t any knots project+1 :i* w\ld cat* 9 ! blea*+ ma*9]y dur+ ! processes ( blea*+1 & ?is might lead to mu* damage be+ done4 ,%\ld x be necess>y to m>k ! pieces s t !y c be recognis$ aft] blea*+1 ! be/ ?+ to use is pr9t]s' ink4 ,gas t> is also mu* us$1 & is v good = ! purpose4 ,col\r$ inks d n resi/ ! blea*+ suffici5tly well to be us$ satisfactory4 ,v]milion & ,indian r$ are us$ = r$s1 yell[ o*re is ! fa/e/ ( ! yell[s1 !re is no blue :i* w /& ! process1 & ,guignet's gre5 is ! only gre5 t w at all resi/ ! process1 umb] w s]ve = br[n4 ,all ^! col\rs are us$ 9 ! =m ( pr9t+ ink4 ,! next op]ation is a v important "o1 :i* _c be too c>efully c>ri$ out1 t is3-- 7#b7 ,s+e+4--,= pr9t+ blea*es ! clo?s are s+$4 ,?is has = its object ! removal f ! surface ( ! clo? ( ! f9e fibres ) :i* x is cov]$1 & :i* w\ld1 if all[$ to rema91 prev5t ! designs pr9t$ on f com+ out ) suffici5t cle>ness1 giv+ !m a blurr$ appe>ance4 ,s+e+ is done 9 v>i\s ways1 by pass+ ! clo? ov] a r$-hot copp] plate1 or ov] a r$-hot revolv+ copp] cyl9d]1 or ?r\gh a coke flame1 or ?r\gh gas flames1 & m rec5tly ov] a rod ( plat9um made r$ hot by electricity4 ,plate s+e+ is ! olde/ ( ^! me?ods & is /ill l>gely us$4 ,9 ?is me?od a semi-cyl9drical copp] plate is heat$ 9 a suitable furnace to a bright r$ heat1 ! clo?s are rapidly pass$ ov] x1 & ! loose fibres !reby burnt (f4 ,"o great tr\ble is to keep ! plate at "o uni=m heat ov] ! :ole ( its surface1 "s p>ts w get hott] ?an o!rs1 & x is only by c>eful att5tion to ! fir+ ( ! furnace t ?is c be obta9$4 ,to get ov] ^! difficulties ,worral introduc$ a roll] s+e+ ma*9e 9 :i* ! plate 0 replac$ by a revolv+ copp] roll]1 heat$ by a suitable furnace2 ! roll] c be kept at a m uni=m temp]ature ?an ! plate4 ,! s+e obta9$ by ! plate & roll] is good1 ! pr9cipal fault be+ t if ! clo?s happ5 to get press$ d[n too mu* on ! hot plate ! loose ends are n burnt (f z !y %\ld be4 ,) bo? plate & roll] ! clo?s are s+$ only on "o side1 & if bo? sides require to be s+$ a second passage is necess>y4 ,bo? sy/ems /ill reta9 _! hold z ! pr9cipal me?ods 9 use1 not)/&+ ! introduction ( m mod]n me?ods4 ,s+e+ by pass+ ! clo?s ov] a r[ ( ,buns5 burn]s has come l>gely into use4 ,?is has ! great advantage ( be+ v cleanly1 & ( do+ ! "w v effectually1 mu* m ?or\ghly ?an any o!r me?od1 :i* is due to ! fact t :ile 9 ! me?ods describ$ above only ! loose fibres on ! surface are burnt (f2 ) gas all ! loose fibres are burnt (f4 ,?is is br\ght ab\t by ! gas flame pass+ /raight ?r\gh ! clo?4 ,x is n necess>y to describe ! gas s+e+ ma*9e 9 detail4 ,s+e+ ma*9es %\ld be kept scrupul\sly clean & free f fluff1 :i* is liable to collect r\nd !m1 & v liable to fire4 ,"s ma*9es are fitt$ ) a flue hav+ a p[]ful draught :i* c>ries (f ?is fluff1 away f any s\rce ( dang]4 7#c7 ,s+e+ ,wa%4--,aft] be+ s+$ ! clo?s are run ?r\gh a wa%+ ma*9e to remove by wat] z mu* ( ! loose *>r$ fibres z possible4 ,! con/ruction ( a wa%+ ma*9e is well kn[n4 ,x consi/s ( a pair ( l>ge wood5 roll]s set above a tr\gh conta9+ wat] & into :i* a con/ant /ream ( wat] fl[s4 ,9 ! tr\gh is also fix$ ano!r wood5 roll] & ! pieces are pass$ r\nd ?is bottom roll] & betwe5 ! top roll]s4 ,! clo? is pass$ ?r\gh & r\nd ! roll]s sev]al times 9 a spiral =m s t x passes ?r\gh ! wat] 9 ! tr\gh frequ5tly1 :i* is a great advantage1 z ! wa% is ?us mu* m effectual4 ,! pressure betwe5 ! two top roll]s presses out any surplus wat]4 ,! op]ation sc>cely ne$s any fur!r description4 7#d7 ,lime ,boil4--,aft] ! clo? leaves ! s+e+ or grey wa%1 z x is (t5 call$1 x passes ?r\gh ! lim+ ma*9e1 :i* is made v simil> to ! wa%+ ma*9e4 ,9 ?is x passes ?r\gh milk ( lime1 :i* %\ld be made f fre%ly slak$ lime4 ,! latt] maybe prep>$ 9 a pa/y =m 9 a /one ci/]n4 ,! lime us$ %\ld be ( good quality1 free f /ones1 badly burnt pieces or any o!r insoluble mat]ial1 s t :5 slak$ x %\ld give a f9e smoo? pa/y mass4 ,lime %\ld n be slak$ too long be=e us+1 z x absorbs c>bonic acid f ! atmosph]e1 :]eby c>bonate ( lime is =m$1 & ?is is useless = lim+ clo?4 ,! pa/y slak$ lime may be mix$ ) wat] to =m ! milk ( lime1 & ?is c be run f ! ci/]n 9 :i* x is prep>$ into ! lim+ ma*9e z x is requir$2 ! supply pipe %\ld be run into ! bottom ( ! tr\gh ( ! lim+ ma*9e & n ov] ! top1 9 :i* latt] case x may spla% on to ! clo?s & lead to ov]lim+1 :i* is n to be desir$ on acc\nt ( its liability to rot ! clo?4 ,! am\nt ( lime us$ v>ies 9 diff]5t blea*works1 & !re is no rule on ! subject2 ab\t #e lb4 to #g lb4 ( dry lime to #ajj lb4 ( clo? may be tak5 z a fair quantity to use4 ,! lime boil has = its object ! removal or r ! saponification ( ! res9\s & fatty matt]s pres5t 9 ! grey clo?1 ei!r naturally or :i* h be5 add$ 9 ! process ( weav+1 or h got ^u ! clo? accid5tally dur+ ! processes ( sp9n+ & weav+4 ,) ^! bodies ! lime =ms insoluble lime soaps2 ^! rema9 9 ! clo?1 b 9 a =m easily decomposable & removable by treatm5t ) acids & wa%+4 ,soda or pota% is n ne>ly s good = ?is fir/ boil+ z lime--= :at reason is some:at unc]ta91 b probably because !y =m ) ! grease 9 ! clo?s soluble soaps1 :i* might float ab\t ! ki] & accumulate 9 places :]e !y are n requir$ & ?us lead to /a9s1 :]eas ! insoluble lime soap rema9s :]e x 0 =m$4 ,! lime also seems to attack ! natural col\r+ matt] ( ! cotton1 & al?\gh ! col\r ( ! lim$ clo? is d>k] ?an be=e boil+1 yet ! nature ( ! col\r is s alt]$ t x is m easily remov$ 9 ! aft] processes4 ,besides ^! *anges ! />*y matt]s put into ! clo? 9 ! siz+ are dissolv$ away4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t ! goods are ev5ly laid 9 ! ki]s1 n too tight1 or ! liquor w n p5etrate prop]ly2 & n too slack1 or !y w float ab\t & get entangl$ & m or less damag$4 ,!n aga9 c>e %\ld be tak51 especially :5 us+ l[-pressure ki]s1 to see t ! supply ( liquor does n get too l[1 9 :i* case ! goods 9 ! upp] "p ( ! ki] are liable to get dry & are t5d]$ !reby4 ,s long z ! goods 9 ! ki]s are n all[$ to get dry !re is no risk ( damage2 ?is tr\ble r>ely arises ) ! ,b>l[ & injector ki]s4 ,! inside ( ! ki]s %\ld be kept well lim$1 s t ! goods %all n come 9 contact ) ! b>e iron or metal ( :i* ! ki] is con/ruct$1 z ?is w\ld be v likely to lead to /a9s be+ produc$ :i* are by no means easy to remove4 ,x is usual1 & x is a good plan ) almo/ all k9ds ( ki]s1 except ! ,ma!r & ,edme/on ki]s1 to put a numb] ( l>ge pebbles or small /ones at ! bottom ( ! ki]1 :i* s]ves to make a false bottom on :i* ! goods re/ & ?r\gh :i* ! liquor p5etrates & fl[s away4 ,be=e us+1 ! /ones %\ld be well wa%$ to free !m f dirt & grit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,ma!r ,platt's ,l[-pressure ,blea*+ ,ki]4 ,! lime boil is c>ri$ out 9 :at are call$ ki]s4 ,_m =ms ( ki]s h be5 devis$1 b ! "o 9 mo/ g5]al use is t kn[n z ! injector ki]1 ( :i* a draw+ is giv5 9 ,fig4 #d1 ( ! =m made by ,messrs4 ,ma!r ,platt ( ,sal=d4 ,injector ki]s are made to "w ei!r "u a pressure ( #dj lb4 to #ej lb4 ( /eam p] squ>e in*1 :5 !y are call$ high-pressure ki]s1 or at a pressure ( #ae lb4 to #bj lb41 :5 !y are call$ l[-pressure ki]s4 ,! "o %[n 9 ! draw+ is int5d$ = l[-pressure ki]s4 ,! pr9ciple ( con/ruction is ! same 9 all1 ! details v>y+ some:at ) diff]5t mak]s4 ,injector ki]s consi/ ( a holl[1 upright iron cyl9d] made ( plates rivet$ toge!r2 ! top is made to lift (f1 b c be fa/5$ d[n tightly by means ( bolts & nuts z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,f ! bottom1 & plac$ c5trally1 rises a pipe1 kn[n z ! puff] pipe2 ?is t]m9ates at ! top 9 a rose arrangem5t4 ,! l[] end ( ! pipe is p]=at$4 ,a jet ( /eam is s5t 9 at ! bottom ( ?is pipe1 & by its =ce any liquor at ! bottom ( ! ki] is =c$ up ! puff] pipe & di/ribut$ 9 a spray ov] any goods :i* may be 9 ! ki]4 ,! liquor ultimately f9ds its way to ! bottom ( ! ki] ready to be bl[n up aga94 ,?is circulation ( ! liquor c be ma9ta9$ = any l5g? ( "t & ?r\gh its ag5cy e "p ( ! goods gets ?or\gh & effectual treatm5t4 ,! l5g? ( ! boil dep5ds ^u ! ki]s2 ) ! op5 ki] ab\t t5 h\rs are usually giv51 ) ! ,b>l[ & injector ki]s1 work+ at a pressure ( #dj lb4 to #ej lb41 six to sev5 h\rs are giv54 7#e7 ,lime or ,grey ,s\r4--,aft] ! lime boil1 ! next op]ation is t ( ! lime s\r or grey s\r z x is (t5 call$ to di/+ui% x f a subsequ5t s\r+4 ,! s\r+ is done 9 a ma*9e con/ruct$ 9 ! same way z a wa%+ ma*9e2 ! tr\gh ( ! ma*9e is fill$ ) hydro*loric acid at #b ,tw41 :i* is kept ready prep>$ 9 a /one ci/]n & run into ! ma*9e z requir$ 7x is n advisable to use acid /rong] ?an ?is74 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! s\r ! goods are pil$ 9 a heap on ! /illage = a few h\rs4 ,! acid attacks ! lime soap :i* 0 =m$ dur+ ! lime boil1 decomposes x & dissolves out ! lime ) ! =mation ( calcium *loride1 :ile ! fat ( ! soap is lib]at$1 ! =m] is wa%$ away 9 ! subsequ5t wa%+1 :ile ! latt] rema9s to a l>ge ext5t on ! goods1 & is remov$ by ! lye boil t foll[s4 ,sulphuric acid is n s satisfactory to use = ! lime s\r z hydro*loric acid1 because x =ms ) ! lime ! insoluble sulphate ( calcium1 :i* is difficult to entirely remove f ! goods1 :]eas ! *loride is v soluble & is entirely elim9at$ f ! goods by ! wa%+ t foll[s4 ,x is advisable to keep ! acid at a uni=m /r5g? 9 ! ma*9e4 ,! ,twaddell is "h ( no use z an indicator ( ! actual /r5g?1 because ! lime :i* ! acid dissolves1 :ile x neutralises & r$uces ! /r5g? ( ! acid1 actually raises ! ,twaddell1 "u :i* circum/ance ! only safe me?od is a *emical te/4 ,?is c be c>ri$ out v simply & ) a suffici5t degree ( accuracy by ! workm51 & if x be done at regul> int]vals dur+ ! s\r+1 & ! supply ( ! fre% acid be regulat$1 ! s\r w be kept at a m uni=m /r5g? & m uni=m results w be obta9$ ?an if ! s\r+ 7 done 9 a m empirical fa%ion4 ,! te/ is be/ & mo/ easily done z foll[s3-- ,prep>e a solution ( #a oz4 ( ! p[d]$ high /r5g? #ih p] c5t4 cau/ic soda 9 #a p9t ( wat]1 weigh+ & measur+ ^! quantities v c>efully4 ,n[ take a tall1 n>r[1 :ite bottle ( ab\t #e oz4 capacity & make a m>k on ! neck4 ,fill ?is bottle ) ! te/ solution4 ,n[ take exactly #e ozs4 ( fre%ly prep>$ s\r ( #b ,tw41 p\r into a j>1 & add c>efully "s ( ! soda-te/ solution until a piece ( clo? dy$ ) turm]ic is turn$ br[n1 :5 ! acid is neutralis$4 ,n[ make a m>k on ! bottle ( soda to %[ h[ mu* has be5 us$4 ,9 all subsequ5t te/s ( ! s\r #e ozs4 %\ld always take ! same quantity ( soda solution2 if x takes less x is too weak1 if m x is too /rong2 ! rem$y 9 ea* case is obvi\s4 ,x is wor? :ile to graduate ! te/ bottle = #a1 #c1 #d1 #e ,twaddell1 z well z = #b ,tw4 acid4 ,aft] ! s\r+ x is (t5 ! cu/om to pile ! goods on to a wood5 /illage1 b ! goods %\ld n be left too long s pil$ up = !y may become dry1 ei!r entirely or 9 p>ts4 ,9 any case1 z ! goods dry ! acid becomes conc5trat$ & attacks !m & makes !m t5d]1 :i* is n at all desirable4 ,!re=e1 if x is n conv5i5t to proce$ ) !m = "s "t aft] s\r+1 !y %\ld be moi/5$ ) wat] f "t to "t1 b x is be/ to wa% !m (f at once1 :]eby !y are made ready = ! next op]ation4 7#f7 ,lye ,boil4--,?is is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ important op]ation 9 ! :ole process ( blea*+1 especially if ! clo?s are go+ to be pr9t$ 9 ! s-call$ madd] /yle ) aliz>9e col\rs1 or o!rwise /a9s are liable to occur 9 ! f9al /age1 & x is !n sometimes difficult to put ! blame = ^! ^u ! "r %\ld]s4 ,9 pr9ciple ! lye boil is simple1 consi/+ 9 boil+ ! goods ) a solution ( soda a%1 or cau/ic soda4 ,! quantity ( a% us$ v>ies 9 diff]5t works1 z might naturally be expect$2 f #agj lb4 to #bjj lb4 ( a% to #aj1jjj lb4 ( clo? is a fair proportion to use4 ,! l5g? ( boil av]ages ab\t f\r h\rs1 c]ta9ly n less ?an ?ree %\ld be giv51 & x is n necess>y to give m ?an five h\rs 9 ei!r ord9>y ki]s1 ) c5tral puff] pipe1 or 9 injector ki]s4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t ! goods are well pack$ into ! ki]s1 n too tightly or ! lye w fail to p5etrate equally all ?r\gh1 & ?is is important if a uni=m blea* is desir$2 nei!r %\ld !y be too loose1 or !y w float ab\t & get torn4 ,x is n necess>y to be p>ticul> ab\t ! quantity ( wat] us$1 except t x mu/ be suffici5t to keep ! goods well cov]$1 & /ill h en\gh to keep ! circulation en]getic4 ,:5 ! wat] is n suffici5t 9 am\nt ! goods get some:at dry2 !re is !n a liability to t5d]+1 b ) pl5ty ( wat] !re is no fe> ( any damage be+ done dur+ a boil ) alkali4 ,"s works use cau/ic soda in/ead ( soda a% 9 :i* case less is requir$1 f #abj lb4 to #aej lb4 to #aj1jjj lb4 ( clo?1 o!rwise no alt]ation is made 9 ! mode ( boil+4 ,?is lye boil cle>s away ! fatty & waxy matt] left 9 ! goods aft] ! lime s\r1 & ?us prep>es ! way = ! next boil4 ,!re is no advantage 9 us+ cau/ic soda 9 ?is prelim9>y boil1 soda a% be+ j z effective & *eap]4 7#g7 ,res9 ,boil4--,foll[+ ! lye boil is ! res9 boil :i* consi/s 9 boil+ ! goods 9 a res9 soap liquor4 ,?is is made z foll[s3 a soda a% liquor ( ab\t #ae to #bj ,tw4 is prep>$1 & into ?is is ?r[n res91 brok5 up into small pieces4 ,! :ole is boil$ up until ! res9 is dissolv$1 & !n z mu* m is add$ 9 small quantities z ! alkali w take up4 ,! soda liquor %\ld n be mu* weak] ?an #bj ,tw41 x w !n be heavi] ?an ! res9 :i* w float on ! top1 x is f\nd to dissolve quick] & bett] ?an :5 ! liquor is weak1 9 :i* case1 ! res9 w\ld s9k to ! bottom ( ! boil] & w\ld !re melt into a s+le mass difficult to dissolve4 ,! res9 soap liquor :5 made is ready to be us$4 ,! proportions ( res9 & alkali us$ 9 ! boil v>y 9 diff]5t works1 b1 z a rule1 ! quantities = #aj1jjj lb4 ( goods are #dcj lb4 ( #eh p] c5t4 soda a%1 #ahj lb4 ( res91 & #hj lb4 ( #gj p] c5t4 cau/ic soda4 ,too mu* res9 %\ld be avoid$1 z x is f\nd t ) an excess ! :ites obta9$ are n ne>ly s good z :5 ! "r quantity is us$2 on ! o!r h&1 too little acts mu* 9 ! same way4 ,x may be tak5 t f #a-a_/b to #a-c_/d p] c5t4 ( ! weight ( ! goods is ab\t ! "r proportion2 #a p] c5t4 be+ too little1 & #b p] c5t4 too mu*4 ,! quantity ( soda us$ %\ld be r m ?an twice t ( ! res91 f #c-a_/b to #d p] c5t4 ,! l5g? ( boil is usually ab\t twelve h\rs 9 a l[-pressure ki]2 9 a high-pressure ki] ab\t sev5 h\rs is suffici5t4 ,:at ! special function ( ! res9 is 9 ?is boil is n def9itely kn[n2 b exp]i5ce1 bo? on a l>ge & small scale1 proves t x is ess5tial to obta9+ a good :ite = aliz>9e pr9t+2 )\t x1 :5 ! goods are dy$ ) aliz>9e aft] ! mordants h be5 pr9t$ on1 !y frequ5tly take a br[n /a9--) ! res9 ?is nev] or b r>ely happ5s4 7#h7 ,wa%4--,aft] ! lye boils ! goods mu/ be wa%$1 & x is important t ?is be done 9 z ?or\gh a mann] z possible4 ,) ! object ( accompli%+ ?is mo/ ?or\ghly _m wa%+ ma*9es h be5 inv5t$1 ! ma9 idea 9 all be+ to br+ e "p ( ! goods into contact ) z mu* wat] z possible4 ,bridson's is an old =m1 & a v good "o1 ! pr9ciple ( ?is ma*9e is to cause ! clo? to pass to & fro1 & to flap ^u ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! tr\gh ( ! ma*9e4 ,furnival's squ>e beat] works on mu* ! same pr9ciple1 & does its "w effectively4 ,m mod]n wa%+ ma*9es are ^? ( ,bir*1 ,f>m]1 ,ma!r ,platt1 & ,haw?orne1 :]e by ! peculi> con/ruction ( ! roll]s & ! use ( beat]s ! clo? is v effectually wa%$4 ,^! ma*9es are mu* m economical 9 ! use ( wat] ?an ! old] =ms1 & yet !y d _! "w z well1 if n bett]4 7#i7 ,*emic+4--,?is is ! actual blea*+ op]ation1 famili>ly kn[n z *emic+1 t is1 ! treatm5t ( ! goods ) blea*+ p[d]4 ,! previ\s op]ations h result$ 9 obta9+ a clo? free f grease1 natural or acquir$1 & f o!r impurities1 b x /ill has a slight br[ni% col\r4 ,?is has to be remov$ be=e ! goods c be consid]$ a good :ite1 :i* x is ! aim ( e blea*] !y %\ld be4 ,to get rid ( ?is col\r !y are subject$ to "s f9al op]ations1 ! fir/ ( :i* is n[ to be consid]$4 ,! *emic+ consi/s 9 runn+ ! goods ?r\gh a weak solution ( blea*+ p[d] 7*loride ( lime71 pil+ ! goods up into heaps1 & all[+ !m to lie ov]night1 ! next day !y are f9i%$4 ,z ! clo? has receiv$1 or ought to h receiv$1 a ?or\gh bottom+1 only a weak ba? ( *emic is requir$1 ab\t #a_/b to #a ,tw4 is q suffici5t4 ,! solution is prep>$ 9 a /one ci/]n4 ,!re is v little difficulty 9 mak+ x1 ! only precaution necess>y is to h ! solution q cle> & free f undissolv$ p>ticles1 = if ^! get ^u ! clo? !y w ei!r lead to ! production ( m9ute holes1 or !y may ov]blea* ! fibre1 :i* 9 su* case w h ! p[] ( attract+ excess ( col\r 9 any subsequ5t dye+ process & ?us lead to /a9s1 ! orig9 ( :i* may n be readily grasp$ at ! fir/ sight4 ,x is be/1 !re=e1 ei!r to all[ ! solution to settle 9 ! ci/]n till q cle>1 :i* is ! simple/ way1 or to filt] ?r\gh clo?4 ,! *emic+ is be/ done cold & ) weak solution1 at #a_/b ,tw4 r ?an #a ,tw4 ,w>m+ ! liquor increases ! rapidity ( ! blea*+ action1 b !re is a risk ( ov]-*lor+1 :i* mu/ be avoid$ z f> z possible1 because !re is !n dang] ( t5d]+ ! fibre1 moreov]1 su* ov]-*lor$ clo? has an aff9ity = col\r+ matt]s t is n at all desirable1 z x leads to ! production ( /a9s & pat*es 9 ! dye+ op]ations4 ,x is mu* bett]1 :5 a s+le *emic+ does n blea* ! clo? suffici5tly & give a :ite1 to run ! clo? twice ?r\gh a weak liquor r ?an once ?r\gh a /rong liquor4 ,al?\gh ! *emic+ is foll[$ by a s\r1 :i*1 act+ on ! blea*+ p[d]1 lib]ates *lor9e t blea*es ! fabric1 yet ! greate/ proportion ( ! blea*+ effect is br\ght ab\t :ile ! pieces are be+ pil$ up into heaps betwe5 ! *emic+ & ! s\r4 ,9 ?is /ate !y %\ld be left = "s h\rs1 cov]$ ov] ) a damp %eet1 c>e be+ tak5 t !y are n left pil$ s long z to become dry1 z 9 ?is ev5t !re is a great risk ( t5d]+ ! clo? or fabric2 x is1 !re=e1 a good plan to moi/5 !m ) a little wat] f "t to "t4 ,!y %\ld n be tightly pil$ up1 b be z loose z possible1 s t ! air c get to !m1 z x is ! c>bonic acid & o!r acid vap\rs 9 ! air1 t by act+ on ! *emic causes sl[ lib]ation ( *lor9e1 :i* effects ! blea*+ ( ! goods4 7#aj7 ,:ite ,s\r4--,aft] ! *emic+ ! goods are treat$ to a s\r1 = :i* purpose ei!r hydro*loric acid or sulphuric acid may be us$4 ,hydro*loric acid possesses ! advantage ( =m+ a m soluble salt ( lime 7calcium *loride7 ?an does sulphuric acid 7calcium sulphate71 & x has a m solv5t action ^u any traces ( iron & o!r metallic oxide /a9s :i* may be pres5t 9 ! goods4 ,on ! o!r h&1 on acc\nt ( its fum+ prop]ties1 x is unpleasant to "w )4 ,! s\r+ is done by pass+ ! goods ?r\gh an acid liquor at #b ,tw4 /rong & pil+ = two or ?ree h\rs1 aft] :i* x is wa%$4 ,?is f9al wa%+ mu/ be ?or\gh1 s t all traces ( acid & *emic are wa%$ out1 o!rwise !re is a t5d5cy = ! goods to acquire a yell[i% col\ration4 ,s f> ! r\t9e has be5 describ$ ( ! s-call$ madd] blea*1 ! mo/ p]fect k9d ( blea* appli$ to cotton clo?s4 ,besides ?is two o!r k9ds ( blea* are di/+ui%$ 9 ! trade4 ,turkey r$ & m>ket blea*4 ,! =m] is us$ :5 ! clo? or y>n is to be dy$ pla9 or self-col\r$ ) delicate %ades ) ,aliz>9e2 ! latt] is us$ = clo? sold 9 ! :ite4 ,z ! op]ations involv$ 9 produc+ ^! are id5tical 9 _! me?od ( manipulation to ^? already describ$1 x w only be necess>y to give an outl9e ( ! process = ea* "o4 ,turkey ,r$ ,blea*--7#a7 ,r9se ?r\gh wat] into a ki] & boil = two h\rs4 7#b7 ,lime boil = ?ree to f\r h\rs4 ,! am\nt ( lime requir$ is r less ?an :at is us$ ) ! madd] blea*1 f #b-a_/b lb4 to #c lb1 lime to ea* #a cwt4 ( goods be+ q suffici5t4 7#c7 ,s\r+ z 9 ! madd] blea*4 7#d7 ,lye boil1 us+ ab\t #ajj lb4 cau/ic soda to a ton ( goods1 & giv+ t5 h\rs' boil4 7#e7 ,second lye boil us+ ab\t #ej lb4 soda a% to a ton ( goods1 aft] :i* ! goods are well wa%$4 7#f7 ,*emic+ z ) ! madd] blea*4 7#g7 ,s\r+ z ) ! madd] blea*1 !n wa%+ well4 ,?is repres5ts an av]age process1 b almo/ e blea*] has 8 own me?ods1 diff]+ f ! above 9 "s ( ! details & ?is applies to all blea*+ processes4 ,x is obvi\s t ! details may be v>i$ to a great ext5t )\t *ang+ ! pr9ciples on :i* ! process dep5ds4 ,m>ket ,blea*--,"h all t requires to be done is to get ! clo? ( a suffici5t degree ( :it5ess to please ! eye ( ! cu/om]4 ,m>ket blea*]s h1 h[ev]1 to deal ) a wid] range ( goods ?an is dealt ) 9 ! =m] k9ds ( blea*es1 f v f9e musl9s to v heavy %eet+s4 ,n[ x is obvi\s f a m]ely me*anical po9t ( view1 t ! =m] c\ld n /& z r\gh a process z ! latt]1 !re=e !re mu/ be "s diff]5ces 9 ! details ( musl9 blea*+ & %eet+ blea*+4 ,!n aga9 ) goods sold 9 ! :ite1 x is cu/om>y to weave col\r$ head+s or m>k+s1 & z ^! h to be pres]v$1 to d s w cause "s slight alt]ation ( ! details ( ! blea* ) ?is object4 ,on all ^! po9ts x is difficult to lay d[n g5]al rules because ( ! v v>y+ feature ( ! conditions :i* are met ) by ! m>ket blea*]4 ,! res9 boil may be omitt$1 only two lye boils be+ requir$1 & ^! ne$ n be s long or ( su* a se>*+ "* z ! correspond+ boils ( ! madd] blea*4 ,outl9es ( two or ?ree su* processes1 :i* are n[ 9 use 9 blea* works1 w s]ve to %[ ! g5]al r\t9e ( a m>ket blea*4 ,! proportions giv5 are calculat$ = #aj1jjj lb4 ( goods3-- 7#a7 ,lime boil1 us+ #ejj lb4 ( lime1 & giv+ a twelve-h\rs' boil4 7#b7 ,grey s\r1 hydro*loric acid ( #b ,tw41 !n wa% well4 7#c7 ,lye boil1 #ajj lb4 cau/ic soda1 #gj p] c5t4 solid1 t5 to twelve h\rs' boil2 wa%4 7#d7 ,second lye boil1 #ajj lb41 #eh p] c5t4 soda a%1 twelve-h\rs' boil4 7#e7 ,*emic1 blea*+ p[d] liquor at #a ,tw41 boil = ?ree h\rs2 wa%4 7#f7 ,:ite s\r1 sulphuric acid at #b ,tw42 wa% well4 ,! l5g? ( boil ) ! lime & lyes w dep5d ^u ! quality ( ! goods1 heavy goods w require f two to ?ree h\rs long] ?an w light goods1 su* z cambrics1 ! "t giv5 above be+ t = heavy goods1 %eet+s1 etc4 ,ano!r process is ! foll[+3-- 7#a7 ,lime boil1 us+ #dhj lb4 lime1 & boil+ = t5 h\rs4 7#b7 ,grey s\r1 hydro*loric acid at #b ,tw42 wa%4 7#c7 ,lye boil1 #cjj lb4 soda a%1 #eh p] c5t42 #ej lb4 cau/ic soda1 #gj p] c5t41 & #cj lb4 s(t soap1 giv+ t5 h\rs' boil2 wa%4 7#d7 ,*emic z above4 7#e7 ,:ite s\r z above2 wa% well4 ,a small] quantity ( lime is us$ "h1 b on ! o!r h& ! lye boil is a /rong] "o4 ,?is process gives good results4 ,"s blea*]s d n use lime 9 _! m>ket blea*es1 b give two lye boils1 9 :i* case ! process becomes3-- 7#a7 ,lye boil1 us+ #adj lb4 cau/ic soda1 ( #gj p] c5t41 giv+ t5 h\rs' boil & wa%+ well4 7#b7 ,second lye boil1 us+ #abj lb4 soda a%1 #eh p] c5t41 & giv+ t5 h\rs' boil2 wa%4 7#c7 ,*emic z above4 7#d7 ,:ite s\r z above2 wa% well4 ,light fabrics1 su* z laces1 lace curta9s1 musl9s1 etc41 _c /& ! /ra9 ( ! cont9u\s process1 & !y are !re=e subject$ to a diff]5t blea*+ process1 :i* v>ies mu* at diff]5t blea* works4 ,"o me?od is to lime by /eep+ = an h\r 9 a weak lime liquor1 us+ ab\t #b lb4 ( lime to #ajj lb4 ( goods2 !y are !n boil$ 9 ! ki] = eight h\rs1 aft] :i* !y are wa%$4 ,?is wa%+ is done 9 :at are call$ da% :eels1 l>ge holl[ :eels1 ! int]ior ( ea* be+ divid$ into f\r comp>tm5ts4 ,into ^! ! goods are put1 & ! :eel is caus$ to revolve1 :ile at ! same "t a curr5t ( wat] fl[s ) "s =ce into ! int]ior ( ! :eel & wa%es ! goods4 ,! :eels d _! "w well1 & ! action be+ g5tle ! f9e/ fabrics c be wa%$ )\t fe> ( any damage4 ,x is necess>y t ! spe$ at :i* !y are driv5 %\ld be su* t z ! :eel revolves ! goods are ?r[n f side to side ( ea* comp>tm5t2 if ! spe$ be too sl[ !y w simply slide d[n1 & !n !y d n get prop]ly wa%$2 on ! o!r h&1 if ! spe$ be too great !n c5trifugal action comes into play & ! goods rema9 9 a /ation>y position 9 ! :eels ) ! same result4 ,z to ! am\nt ( wa%+1 x %\ld be z be=e4 ,aft] ?is wa%+ !y are boil$ aga9 9 ! ki] ) soda a%1 us+ ab\t #h lb4 a% = #ajj lb4 goods & giv+ sev5 h\rs' boil1 :i*1 aft] wa%+1 is foll[$ by a second boil ) #e lb4 a% & #d lb4 s(t soap = ea* #ajj lb4 ( goods1 giv+ eight h\rs' boil4 ,!y are !n wa%$ & ent]$ into ! *emic4 ,! *emic+ is done 9 /one ci/]ns1 :i* are fitt$ ) false bottoms1 on :i* ! goods c re/1 & :i* all[ any insoluble p>ticles ( blea*+ p[d] to settle out & prev5t !m f gett+ on ! goods4 ,! liquor is us$ at ! /r5g? ( ab\t #a_/b ,tw41 & ! goods are all[$ to /eep ab\t two h\rs2 !y are !n plac$ 9 a hydro-extractor & ! surplus *emic is :izz$ out1 aft] :i* !y are /eep$ 9 s\r ( hydro*loric acid at #a ,tw41 kept 9 a /one ci/]n1 ! goods be+ all[$ to /eep = two h\rs4 ,next !y are wa%$1 well :izz$1 pass$ ?r\gh a blue+ wat]1 :izz$ aga91 & dri$4 ,! rem>ks made :5 describ+ simil> op]ations ( ! madd] blea* z to ! action1 te/+1 etc41 ( ! *emicals1 are equally applicable "h4 ,ano!r plan ( blea*+ f9e fabrics is %[n 9 outl9e 9 ! foll[+ s*eme3-- 7#a7 ,wa%2 boil 9 wat] = two h\rs4 7#b7 ,boil 9 soda = five h\rs1 us+ #hj lb4 soda a% ( #eh p] c5t41 & #cj lb4 s(t soap = #a1jjj lb4 ( goods4 7#c7 ,second soda boil1 us+ f #dj lb4 to #ej lb4 soda a%1 & #ae lb4 to #bj lb4 s(t soap1 giv+ f\r h\rs' boil2 aft] ea* soda boil ! goods %\ld be wa%$4 7#d7 ,*emic1 us+ blea*+ p[d] liquor at #a_/b ,tw41 all[+ !m to /eep = two h\rs1 !n wa% & :iz4 7#e7 ,:ite s\r1 us+ hydro*loric acid at #b ,tw41 /eep+ two h\rs2 wa%4 ,a fur!r ext5sion ( ! same process is sometimes giv5 = ! be/ goods1 :i* consi/s1 aft] ! above1 9 giv+3-- 7#f7 ,a ?ird soda boil1 us+ #be lb4 to #cj lb4 soda a% & #ae lb4 to #bj lb4 s(t soap1 giv+ "o h\r's boil2 wa%+4 7#g7 ,*emic z be=e4 7#h7 ,s\r z be=e1 aft] :i* ! goods are well wa%$4 ,9 ! blea*+ ( ,nott+ham lace curta9s = ! soda boils !re is us$ :at is call$ ! dolly1 :i* consi/s ( a l>ge r\nd wood5 tub ab\t #e feet to #f feet 9 diamet] & ab\t #b feet #f in*es to #c feet deep2 ?is is made to revolve sl[ly at ab\t "o revolution p] m9ute4 ,above ! tub on a /rong frame are arrang$ f\r /amp]s or beat]s1 :i* are caus$ to rise & fall by means ( cams4 ,! goods are plac$ 9 ! tub ) ! sc\r+ liquors & ! dolly is set 9 motion1 ! beat]s =ce ! liquor into ! goods1 & ! revolution ( ! tub causes ! beat]s to "w on a fre% portion ( ! goods at e fall4 ,?is is r an old-fa%ion$ =m ( ma*9e1 & is be+ replac$ by m mod]n =ms ( boil+ ki]s4 ,9 blea*+ c]ta9 k9ds ( musl9s 9 :i* ! w>p ?reads are d\ble1 & 9 ! case ( lace curta9s1 x is necess>y to endeav\r to keep ! ?reads z op5 & prom95t z possible4 ,?is _c be done ) ! cont9u\s process1 :i* puts a /ra9 on ! ?reads & ?us effaces _! individuality4 ,to avoid ?is ! fabrics h to be dealt ) 9 bundles or lumps1 & on ^! no /ra9 is put1 !re=e e ?read reta9s its individuality4 ,! process above describ$ is applicable4 ,y>n ,blea*+4--,y>n is suppli$ to ! blea*] 9 two =ms3 7#a7 w>ps 9 :i* ! l5g? ( ! ?reads may v>y f z little z #ej to z mu* z #e1jjj y>ds2 ^! c be dealt ) 9 mu* ! same mann] z a piece ( clo?1 t is1 a cont9u\s sy/em c be adopt$2 7#b7 hanks1 :i* are too well kn[n to require description4 ,sometimes y>n is blea*$ 9 ! =m ( cops1 b z ! results ( cop blea*+ are n v satisfactory x is done z little z possible4 ,w>p ,blea*+4--,! w>p1 if v long1 is d\bl$ two1 ?ree or f\r times ^u itself1 s z to r$uce its l5g?4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! ends ( ! w>p are ti$ toge!r to prev5t any *ance ( entangl+1 :i* w\ld v likely happ5 if ! ends 7 left loose to float ab\t4 ,z a rule1 w>ps are n lim$1 b ! adoption ( ! lim+ w\ld assi/ ! blea*+4 ,9 outl9e w>p blea*+ consi/s ( ! foll[+ op]ations3-- 7#a7 ,lye boil1 us+ #cj lb4 cau/ic soda1 #gj p] c5t41 & #ej lb4 soda a%1 #eh p] c5t41 giv+ six h\rs' boil1 & wa%+4 7#b7 ,sweet+1 boil ) #hj lb4 soda a%1 #eh p] c5t41 = two h\rs4 7#c7 ,wa%+4 7#d7 ,*emic+1 blea*+ p[d] liquor at #a ,tw41 wa%+4 7#e7 ,s\r1 sulphuric acid at #b ,tw14 wa%+ well4 7#f7 ,hydro extract+ & dry+4 ,ab\t #b1jjj to #c1jjj lb4 ( w>ps are usually treat$ at "o "t4 ,! ma*9]y us$ may be ! same z t us$ 9 ! clo? blea*1 & ea* op]ation may be conduct$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 "s w>p blea*works1 :ile ! ki]s are made 9 ! same way1 ! o!r ma*9es are made diff]5tly4 ,! *emic+ & s\r+ is done 9 /rong ci/]ns provid$ ) a false bottom2 9 ^! ! w>ps are all[$ to rema9 = ab\t two h\rs4 ,a m complicat$ =m ( *emic+ ci/]n is also 9 use4 ,?is is made ( /one1 & is provid$ ) a false bottom4 ,above is a tank or sieve1 z x is call$1 hav+ a p]=at$ bottom ?r\gh :i* ! liquor fl[s on ! w>p 9 ! ci/]n bel[4 ,"u ! *emic+ ci/]n is a tank into :i* ! liquor fl[s1 & f :i* x is pump$ up into ! sieve above4 ,a circulation ( liquor is ?us kept up dur+ ! :ole ( ! op]ation4 ,ow+ to ! action ( ! *emic or acid on ! metal "w ( ! pump !re is great we> & te> ( ! latt]1 necessitat+ frequ5t repairs4 ,?is is a defect 9 ?is =m ( *emic+ ma*9e4 ,= dry+ ! w>ps a hydro-extractor is fir/ us$ to get ! surplus liquor f ! goods4 ,?is ma*9e is n[ well kn[n1 & is 9 use 9 e blea*works1 :]e x is famili>ly kn[n z ! :iz1 & ! op]ation is g5]ally call$ :izz+4 ,hydro-extractors are describ$ "u ! head ( ,dye+ ,ma*9]y4 ,! actual dry+ ( ! w>ps is done ov] ! t9s z !y are call$4 ,^! are a numb] ( l>ge cyl9d]s measur+ ab\t #bj in*es 9 diamet] & ab\t--= w>p dry+--#e feet long4 ,usually !y are arrang$ v]tically 9 two ti]s1 ea* ti] consi/+ ( ab\t five cyl9d]s1 n arrang$ directly "o above ano!r b 9 a zig-zag mann]1 ! c5tres ( ! fir/1 ?ird & fif? be+ 9 "o l9e1 & ! c5tres ( ! o!rs 9 ano!r l9e4 ,! cyl9d]s are made to revolve by suitable driv+ me*anism1 & into !m is s5t /eam at ab\t #e lb4 to #aj lb4 pressure1 :i* heats up ! cyl9d]s1 :]eby ! w>p pass+ ov] !m is dri$4 ,?is dry+ may be p>tial or complete1 be+ regulat$ by ! spe$ at :i* ! w>ps pass ov] ! cyl9d]s & by ! quantity ( /eam pass$ into ! same4 ,! quick] ! spe$ & ! small] ! am\nt ( /eam1 ! less ! w>ps are dri$2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! sl[] ! spe$ & ! l>g] ! am\nt & great] ! pressure ( ! /eam1 ! quick] & m ?or\ghly are ! w>ps dri$4 ,z !re is a great deal ( wat] =m$ 9 ! cyl9d]s by ! cond5sation ( ! /eam1 means are always provid$ = c>ry+ (f ?is wat]1 z its ret5tion 9 ! cyl9d]s (t5 leads to s]i\s results & damage to ! ma*9e4 ,hank ,blea*+4--,s f> z ! *emical "p ( hank blea*+ is conc]n$ x does n diff] f t ( w>p blea*+2 ! same op]ations & proportions ( *emicals may be us$ & 9 ! same ord]1 b !re is "s diff]5ce 9 ! ma*9]y :i* is us$4 ,! hanks may be manipulat$ 9 two ways3 !y may be ei!r kept 9 sep>ate hanks1 :i* is ! me?od mo/ly 9 vogue 9 mod]n blea*-h\ses1 or !y may be l9k$ toge!r 9 ! =m ( a *a94 ,9 ! latt] case ! op]ations & ! ma*9]y may be ! same z us$ 9 ! madd] blea*1 ) a few unimportant m9or diff]5ces4 ,9 ! f9al wa%+ ! dump+ ma*9e is us$1 :i* consi/s ( two wood5 b[ls set ov] a wood5 tr\gh conta9+ ! wa% wat]s4 ,! top b[l is cov]$ ) a ?ick lay] ( rope & m]ely re/s on ! bottom b[l by its own weight1 & is driv5 by friction f ! latt]4 ,! *a9 ( hanks pass+ ?r\gh betwe5 ! two b[ls has ! surplus liquor squeez$ out ( x1 & z !re is consid]able increase 9 ! ?ickness at ! po9ts ( l9kage betwe5 ! hanks1 :5 ^! pass ?r\gh ! b[ls !y lift up ! top b[l1 :i*1 :5 ! ?ick places h pass$ ?r\gh1 falls d[n ) a sudd5 bump ^u ! ?9 places1 & ?is bump+ drives out all ! surplus liquor & drives ! liquor itself into ! v c5tre ( ! hanks1 :i* is sometimes an advantage4 ,9 mod]n blea*-h\ses ! *a9 =m is gradually giv+ place to ! me?od ( blea*+ sep>ate hanks1 p>tly because s _m improvem5ts h be5 made 9 ! hank-blea*+ ma*9]y ( late ye>s1 :i* enables blea*]s to h&le ! y>n 9 ! =m ( sep>ate hanks bett] ?an !y c\ld d =m]ly2 & z blea*+ 9 sep>ate hanks means t ! cotton is kept 9 a m op5 =m1 & is ?us m easily p5etrat$ by ! v>i\s liquors :i* are us$1 x foll[s t ! blea* w be bett] & m ?or\gh1 :i* is :at ! blea*] aims at4 ,at ! same "t weak] liquors or1 :at is ! same ?+1 less mat]ial c be us$1 :i* means a sav+ 9 ! co/ ( ! process4 ,= blea*+ y>n 9 ! hank ! foll[+ process may be foll[$ ) good results3-- 7#a7 ,lye boil1 us+ #a1jjj lb4 y>n1 #dj lb4 cau/ic soda ( #gj p] c5t41 & #ej lb4 ( soda a% ( #eh p] c5t41 giv+ five to six h\rs' boil at l[ pressure4 7#b7 ,wa% ?r\gh wa%+ ma*9e4 7#c7 ,second lye boil1 us+ #dj lb4 soda a% ( #eh p] c5t41 & giv+ two to ?ree h\rs' boil1 wa% aga9 ?r\gh a wa%+ ma*9e4 7#d7 ,*emic z 9 w>p blea*+4 7#e7 ,s\r z 9 w>p blea*+4 7#f7 ,wa% well4 7#g7 ,hydro extract & dry4 ,sometimes1 if ! y>n is to be sold 9 ?read =m1 be=e ! la/ op]ation x passes ?r\gh ano!r1 viz41 treat+ ) soap & blue liquors1 :i* w be dealt ) pres5tly4 ,! lye boils are done 9 ! ord9>y ki]s1 & d n call = fur!r notice1 except t 9 fill+ ! goods into ! ki]s c>e %\ld be tak5 t :ile suffici5tly loose to p]mit ( ! alkal9e liquors p5etrat+ ?r\gh ! hanks prop]ly1 yet !y %\ld be s pack$ t !y w n float ab\t & ?us become entangl$ & damag$4 ,! wa%+ is n[adays done 9 a special =m ( wa%+ ma*9e1 design$ to wa% ! hanks quickly & well ) z little exp5diture ( lab\r & wa%+ liquor z possible4 ,!re are n[ sev]al makes ( ^! wa%+ ma*9es on ! m>ket1 mo/ ( !m d _! "w well1 & x is difficult to say :i* is ! be/4 ,"s ma*9es are made to wa% only "o bundle at once1 :ile o!rs w d sev]al bundles4 ,g5]ally ! pr9ciple on :i* !y are con/ruct$ is ! same 9 all1 a tr\gh conta9+ ! a% liquor1 ov] :i* is susp5d$ a revolv+ reel or bobb91 usually made ( wood or enamell$ iron1 ! bobb9 be+ polygonal 9 =m s t x w ov]come readily any resi/ance ! y>n may (f] & c>ry ! hank r\nd z x revolves4 ,! hank dips into ! wa% liquor 9 ! tr\gh1 & z x is drawn ?r\gh by ! revolution ( ! bobb9 x is wa%$ v effectually4 ,! mov+ ( ! hank op5s out ! ?reads1 & ?us ! wa% liquor ?or\ghly p5etrates to e "p ( ! hank1 s t a few m9utes' run ?r\gh ?is ma*9e ?or\ghly wa%es ! y>n4 ,a con/ant /ream ( clean wat] is pass$ ?r\gh ! tr\gh4 ,?is ma*9e may also be us$ = soap+ & siz+ ! hanks if requir$4 ,by ext5d+ ! tr\gh 9 a horizontal direction1 & increas+ ! numb] ( reels or bobb9s1 ! quantity ( mat]ial t c be wa%$ at "o "t c be ext5d$1 al?\gh n to an indef9ite ext5t4 ,! workman c />t at "o end ( ! ma*9e & fill all ! bobb9s ) y>n1 by ! "t he has f9i%$ ?is ! fir/ bobb9ful w h be5 wa%$ suffici5tly & c be tak5 (f & replac$ ) ano!r quantity ( y>n1 & ?us "o by "o ! bobb9s may be empti$ & refill$1 :i* means t a consid]able am\nt ( mat]ial c be got ?r\gh 9 ! c\rse ( a day4 ,to avoid ! lab\r ( walk+ to & fro to fill & refill ! bobb9s1 wa%+ ma*9es are con/ruct$ 9 :i* ! tr\gh is made 9 a circul> =m4 ,! bobb9s are plac$ at ! ends ( radial arms :i* are caus$ to revolve r\nd ov] ! tr\gh1 ! workman is /ation$ con/antly at "o "p ( ! circle1 & z ! arms pass him 9 _! motion r\nd ! tr\gh he takes (f ! wa%$ hanks & puts on ! unwa%$ hanks4 ,by ?is ma*9e he is sav$ a v consid]able am\nt ( lab\r1 & is able to d 8 "w 9 a m conv5i5t mann]4 ,! y>n is well wa%$ 9 su* a ma*9e4 ,! tr\gh may be entire or x may be divid$ into a numb] ( comp>tm5ts1 ea* ( :i* may conta9 a diff]5t k9d ( wa% liquor if necess>y4 ,( c\rse x goes almo/ )\t say+ t 9 all ^! ma*9es ! liquors 9 !m may be heat$ up by means ( /eam pipes if requir$4 ,! *emic+ & s\r+ ( ! hanks does n call = special m5tion1 beyond ! fact t ^! op]ations are done 9 ! same mann] z w>p blea*+4 ,9 ,fig4 #e is %[n ,ma!r ,platt's y>n-blea*+ ki]1 :i* is design$ to blea* cotton y>n1 ei!r 9 hanks or 9 ! w>p =ms1 )\t remov+ x f ! vessel into :i* x is fir/ plac$4 ,! process is z foll[s3 ,! hot alkali solution is circulat$ by means ( a di/ribut+ pipe ?r\gh ! action ( an injector or c5trifugal pump to sc\r ! y>n2 !n wat] is circulat$ by means ( a c5trifugal pump = wa%+4 ,! *emic & s\r liquors are circulat$ also by means ( pumps1 s t )\t ! slighte/ di/urbance to ! y>n x is quickly & economically blea*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,ma!r ,platt's ,y>n-blea*+ ,ki]4 ,,/a9s ,,& ,,damages ,,9 ,,blea*$ ,,goods4 ,"s ( ! /a9s 9 blea*$ goods :i* are met are beyond ! control ( ! blea*] to avoid1 :ile o!rs are due to v>i\s defects 9 ! process4 ,n[ ! subject ( /a9s c only be dealt ) 9 a v g5]al way1 because ( ! v>y+ mann] 9 :i* !y arise4 ,! recognition ( ! p>ticul> way 9 :i* ! /a9s h be5 =m$ is sometimes difficult to discov]4 ,fir/1 !re are iron /a9s1 :i* are ! mo/ common k9d ( /a9s t a blea*] is tr\bl$ )4 ,^! g5]ally make _! appe>ance 9 ! =m ( r$ spots ( great] or less ext5t4 ,z a rule !y are n visible be=e ! pieces are fully blea*$4 ,_! orig9 is v>i$4 ,sometimes !y arise f ! ma*9]y2 if ! ki]s are n kept ?or\ghly :itewa%$ out1 !re is a great liability to produce iron /a9s4 ,e o!r ma*9e :i* is us$ 9 ! process is made ( iron1 & %\ld be kept free f ru/1 or ! *ances ( /a9s are consid]ably increas$4 ,! wat] us$ 9 ! blea*+ mu/ be free f iron4 ,a small trace w n make mu* diff]5ce1 b "s wat]s conta9 a great deal ( iron1 s mu* s t !y are absolutely unusable = blea*+ purposes4 ,iron /a9s are (t5 due to a v curi\s cause3 ! dropp+ ( ! oil us$ 9 ! sp9n+ or weav+ ma*9]y on to ! cotton dur+ ! process ( manufacture4 ,?is oil is (t5 *>g$ ) iron d]iv$ f ! we> & te> ( ! ma*9]y1 & :i* (t5 gets fix$ 9 ! =m ( r$ spots ( oxide on ! fibre4 ,iron /a9s _c readily be extract$4 ,oil /a9s are also common4 ,^! take ! =m ( bright yell[ /a9s 9 v>i\s %apes1 sometimes ext5d+ along ! piece 9 /reaks1 at o!r times 9 pat*es 9 v>i\s places ab\t ! piece4 ,g5]ally ^! oil /a9s d n make _! appe>ance z soon z ! piece is blea*$1 & (t5 ! blea*] s5ds out 8 goods q :ite & app>5tly all "r1 & yet soon aft]w>ds comes a compla9t t ! goods are /a9$ yell[4 ,"o cause ( ^! yell[ oil /a9s c be trac$ to ! use ( p>aff9 wax 9 ! siz+ ( ! w>ps4 ,9 ?is case ! /a9s are m or less /reaky 9 =m1 & ext5d along ! l5g? ( ! piece4 ,!y are due to ! fact t p>aff9 wax is n saponifiable by ! action ( ! alkalies us$ 9 ! process1 & is !re=e n extract$4 ,:5 ! goods are *emic$ ! *lor9e acts ^u ! p>aff9 & =ms *lor9e comp\nds1 :i* are act$ ^u by light1 & turn yell[ by exposure to t ag5t & to ! atmosph]e4 ,p>aff91 :5 us$ = ! siz+ ( w>ps1 may sometimes be completely extract$ f ! fabric1 b ?is dep5ds ^u ! proportion ( tall[ or o!r fat :i* is us$ 9 ! composition ( ! siz+ grease4 ,if ! p>aff9 is only pres5t 9 small quantities1 & ! grease well mix$1 !n x may be possible to extract all ! p>aff9 out ( ! fabric dur+ ! blea*+ process1 b if ! p>aff9 is 9 l>ge proportion1 or ! grease n well mix$1 x is sc>cely possible to extract x all out1 & /a9s mu/ be ! result4 ,^! /a9s c h>dly be consid]$ ! fault ( ! blea*]1 b are due to ! manufactur] ( ! clo? us+ *eap siz+ compositions on 8 w>ps4 ,!re are no means :i* c be adopt$ be=e blea*+ to asc]ta9 :e!r p>aff9 exi/s 9 ! clo?4 ,if f\nd to be pres5t1 ! rem$y :i* is ! easie/ practically is to saturate ! clo? ) a little olive oil1 or bett]1 pale oleic acid4 ,all[ ! fatty matt] to soak well 91 & !n boil ! goods 9 a little cau/ic soda4 ,ano!r cause ( oil /a9s is ! use ( m9]al oils 9 ! lubrication ( cotton ma*9]y4 ,^! m9]al oils p>take ( ! nature ( p>aff9 9 _! prop]ties1 & !re=e !y are unsaponifiable by ! action ( alkalies4 ,l p>aff9 wax1 !y resi/ ! blea*+ process1 & mu* 9 ! same mann] produce /a9s4 ,oil /a9s %[ !mselves 9 v>i\s =ms--sometimes z spots4 ,^! may be due to ! spla%+ ( oil f ! sp9dles dur+ ! process ( sp9n+1 or !y may be 9 pat*es ( a comp>atively l>ge size ov] ! pieces4 ,^! are p]haps due to ! oil dropp+ on to ! piece dur+ ! process ( weav+ :5 9 ! loom4 ,! oils us$ = ! lubrication ( sp9n+ & weav+ ma*9]y %\ld conta9 a fair proportion ( "s fatty oil1 su* z olive or rape or cocoanut oil4 ,n less ?an #aj p] c5t4 %\ld be us$4 ,m w\ld be bett]1 b ! co/ ( c\rse w\ld be great] & oil is an item ) sp9n]s & manufactur]s4 ,/a9s are occasionally due to o!r causes r too num]\s to be dealt ) 9 detail1 & sometimes ^! /a9s only appe> once 9 a lifetime1 & (t5 d n make _! appe>ance dur+ ! blea*+ process1 b only 9 aft] dye+ or calico pr9t+ processes 9 curi\s ways ! causes ( :i* are v baffl+ to f9d out4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,dye+ ,,ma*9]y ,,& ,,dye+ ,,manipulations4 ,cotton is dy$ 9 a v>iety ( =ms3 raw1 loose cotton1 p>tly manufactur$ fibre 9 ! =m ( slubb+ or sliv]1 spun fibres or y>ns w\nd 9 cop or bobb9 =ms1 9 hanks or ske9s & 9 w>ps1 & la/ly 9 ! =m ( wov5 pieces4 ,^! diff]5t =ms necessitate ! employm5t ( diff]5t =ms ( ma*9]y & diff]5t modes ( h&l+2 x is evid5t to ! lea/ unobs]vant t x w\ld be q impossible to subject slubb+ or sliv] to ! same treatm5t z y>n or clo?1 o!rwise ! slubb+ w\ld be de/roy$ & r5d]$ valueless4 ,9 ! e>ly days all dye+ 0 done by h& 9 ! simple/ possible contrivances1 b dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury !re has be5 a great developm5t 9 ! quantity ( dye+ t has be5 done1 & ?is has really necessitat$ ! application ( ma*9]y1 = h& "w c\ld n possibly cope ) ! am\nt ( dye+ n[ done4 ,consequ5tly !re has be5 devis$ dur+ ! pa/ two decades a great v>iety ( ma*9es = dye+ e description ( textile fabrics1 "s h n be5 f\nd a practical success = a v>iety ( reasons & h gone out ( use1 o!rs h be5 successful & are 9 use 9 dye-works4 ,,h& ,,dye+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,rectangul> ,dye-tank4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,r\nd ,dye-tub4 ,dye+ by h& is c>ri$ on 9 ! simple/ possible appliances2 mu* dep5ds ^u :e!r ! "w c be done at ! ord9>y temp]ature or at ! boil4 ,figs4 #f & #g %[ respectively a rectangul> vat & a r\nd tub mu* 9 use 9 dye-h\ses4 ,^! are made ( wood1 b copp] dye-vats are also made4 ,^! may be us$ = all k9ds ( mat]ial1 loose fibre1 y>ns or clo?4 ,9 ! case ( loose fibre ?is is /irr$ ab\t ei!r ) poles or ) rakes1 c>e be+ tak5 to turn e "p ov] & ov] & op5 out ! masses ( fibre z mu* z possible 9 ord] to avoid matt+ or clott+ toge!r4 ,9 ! case ( y>ns or ske9s1 ^! are hung on /icks re/+ on ! edges ( ! tub or vat4 ,^! /icks are be/ made ( hickory1 b a% or bee* or any h>d wood t c be work$ smoo? & :i* does n swell mu* :5 treat$ ) wat] may be us$4 ,! usual me?od ( work+ is to hang ! ske9 on ! /ick1 spread+ x out z mu* z possible1 !n imm]se ! y>n 9 ! liquor1 lift x up & d[n two or ?ree times to fully wet out ! y>n1 !n turn ! y>n ov] on ! /ick & repeat ! dipp+ processes1 !n all[ to /eep 9 ! dye-liquor4 ,?is is done ) ! bat* ( y>n t is to be dy$ at a "t4 ,:5 all ! y>n has be5 ent]$ into ! dye-ba?1 ! fir/ /ickful is lift$ out1 ! y>n turn$ ov] & re-ent]$ 9 ! dye-liquor1 ?is op]ation is c>ri$ out ) all ! /icks ( y>n until ! cotton has become dy$ ( ! requir$ dep?4 ,9 ! case ( long rectangul> vats x is cu/om>y = two m51 "o on ea* side ( ! vat to turn ! y>ns1 ea* man tak+ *>ge ( ! y>n :i* is ne>e/ to him4 ,! turn+ ov] "o lot ( y>n is te*nically call$ "o turn & ! dy] (t5 gives ?ree turns or f\r turns z may be requir$4 ,wov5 goods may be dy$ 9 ! tub or vat1 ! pieces be+ drawn 9 & out by poles1 b ! results are n altoge!r satisfactory & x is pref]able to use ma*9es = dye+ piece goods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,section ( ,dye-vat4 ,pla9 tubs or vats1 su* z ^? %[n 9 ,figs4 #f & #g1 are us$ = dye+1 & o!rwise treat+ goods 9 ! cold1 or at a lukew>m heat1 :5 ! supply ( hot wat] c be drawn f a sep>ate boil]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to "w at ! boil1 !n ! vat mu/ be fitt$ ) a /eam coil4 ,?is is be/ laid along ! bottom 9 a s]p5t9e =m4 ,above ! pipe %\ld be an op5 lattice-"w bottom1 :i*1 :ile x p]mits ! free circulation ( boil+ wat] 9 ! vat1 prev5ts ! mat]ial be+ dy$ f com+ 9 contact ) ! /eam pipe4 ,?is is important if uni=m %ades are to be dy$1 = any excessive heat+ ( any portion ( ! ba? leads to /a9s be+ produc$ on ! mat]ial 9 t "p ( ! ba?4 ,fig4 #h %[s a vat fitt$ ) a /eam pipe4 ,t portion ( ! /eam pipe :i* passes d[n at ! end ( ! vat is 9 a small comp>tm5t box$ (f f ! ma9 body ( ! vat1 s t no "p ( ! mat]ial :i* is be+ dy$ c come 9 contact ) x4 ,a clos$ /eam coil w1 on ! :ole1 give ! be/ results1 z !n no weak5+ ( ! dye-liquor c take place ?r\gh dilution by ! cond5sation ( ! /eam4 ,_m dye-vats are1 h[ev]1 fitt$ ) p]=at$1 or1 z !y are call$1 op5 /eam coils1 9 :i* case !re is1 p]haps1 bett] circulation ( ! liquor 9 ! dye-vat1 b z "s ( ! /eam mu/ cond5se1 !re is a little dilution ( ! dye-liquor 9 ! vat4 ,,dye+ ,,ma*9es4 ,dye tubs & vats1 su* z ^? describ$ above1 h be5 l>gely sup]s$$ by ma*9es 9 :i* ! h&l+1 or work+ ( ! mat]ials be+ dy$ is effect$ by me*anical means4 ,!re h be5 a l>ge numb] ( dye+ ma*9es inv5t$1 "s ( ^! h n be5 f\nd to be v practical1 & s !y h gone out ( use4 ,space w n admit ( a detail$ acc\nt ( e k9d ( ma*9e1 b only ( ^? :i* are 9 con/ant use 9 dye-works4 ,dye+ ,loose1 or ,raw ,cotton4--,few ma*9es h be5 design$ = ?is purpose1 & ab\t ! only successful "o is3 ,delahunty's ,dye+ ,ma*9e4--,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,x consi/s ( a drum made ( lattice "w1 :i* c revolve inside an out] wood5 cas+4 ,! int]ior ( ! revolv+ drum is fitt$ ) hooks or f+]s1 ^: action is to keep ! mat]ial op54 ,"o segm5t ( ! drum is made to op51 s t ! loose cotton or wool to be dy$ c be ins]t$4 ,by suitable ge>+ ! drum c be revolv$2 & ! dye-liquor1 :i* is 9 ! l[] half ( ! wood5 cas+1 p5etrates ?r\gh ! lattice "w ( ! drum1 & dyes ! mat]ial conta9$ 9 x4 ,! con/ruction ( ! ma*9e is well %[n 9 ! draw+1 :ile ! mode ( work+ is obvi\s f x & ! description j giv54 ,! ma*9e is v successful1 & well adapt$ = dye+ loose1 or raw wool & cotton4 ,! mat]ial may be sc\r$1 blea*$1 dy$1 or o!rwise treat$ 9 ?is ma*9e4 ,! ,ob]mai] ma*9e1 pres5tly to be describ$1 may also be us$ = dye+ loose cotton or wool4 ,,dye+1 ,,slubb+1 ,,sliv] ,,or ,,c>d$ ,,cotton ,,& ,,wool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--;,delahunty's ,dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,ob]mai] ,dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,x is f\nd 9 practice t ! dye+ ( loose wool or cotton is n altoge!r satisfactory--! impurities !y naturally conta9 int]f]e ) ! purity ( ! %ade !y w take4 ,!n aga9 ! dyes & mordants us$ 9 dye+ !m are f\nd to h "s action on ! wire ( ! c>d+ eng9e ?r\gh :i* !y are pass$2 at any rate a c>d does n la/ z long :5 work+ dy$ cotton or wool z :5 us$ on undy$ cotton or wool fibres4 ,yet = ! production ( c]ta9 fancy y>ns = weav+ "s special classes ( fabrics1 x is desirable to dye ! cotton or wool be=e x is spun into ?read4 ,! be/ plan is und\bt$ly to dye ! fibre aft] x has be5 c>d$ & p>tly spun into :at is kn[n z slubb+ or sliv]4 ,all ! impurities h be5 remov$1 ! cotton fibres are laid1 /raight1 & s x becomes mu* easi] to dye4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z x is necess>y to keep ! sliv] or slubb+ /raight & level1 no work+ ab\t 9 ! dye-liquors c be all[$ to take place1 & s su* mu/ be dy$ 9 specially con/ruct$ ma*9es1 & "o ( ! be/ ( ^! is ! ,ob]mai] dye+ ma*9e :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,! ,ob]mai] app>atus consi/s ( a dye vat ,a4 ,9 ?is is plac$ a cage consi/+ ( an inn] p]=at$ metal cyl9d] ,c1 & an out] p]=at$ metal cyl9d] ,d1 betwe5 ^! two is plac$ ! mat]ial to be dy$4 ,c is 9 contact ) ! suction end ( a c5trifugal pump ,p1 ! deliv]y end ( :i* dis*>ges into ! dye-vat ,a4 ,! work+ ( ! ma*9e is z foll[s3 ,! slubb+ or sliv] is plac$ 9 ! space betwe5 ,c & ,d r tightly s t x w n move ab\t4 ,!n ! inn] cage is plac$ 9 ! dye-vat z %[n4 ,! vat is fill$ ) ! dye-liquor :i* c be heat$ up by a /eam pipe4 ,! pump is set 9 motion1 ! dye liquor is drawn f ,a to ,c1 &1 9 s do+1 passes ?r\gh ! mat]ial pack$ 9 ,b & dyes x4 ,! circulation ( ! liquor is c>ri$ on z long z exp]i5ce %[s to be necess>y4 ,! dye-liquor is run (f1 hot wat] is run 9 to wa% ! dy$ mat]ial1 & ! pump is kept runn+ = "s "t to ensure ?or\gh r9s+2 !n ! wat] is run (f1 & by keep+ ! pump runn+ & air go+ ?r\gh a c]ta9 am\nt ( dry+ c be effect$4 ,?is ma*9e works v well1 &1 ) a little exp]i5ce1 con/ant results c be obta9$4 ,! slubb+ or sliv] may be sc\r$1 blea*$1 r9s$1 dy$1 wa%$1 soap$1 or o!rwise treat$ )\t remov+ x f ! ma*9e1 :i* is a mo/ decid$ advantage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--;,holliday's ,y>n-dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,holliday's ,y>n-dye+ ,ma*9e4--,9 ,fig4 #aa is giv5 an illu/ration ( a ma*9e = dye+ y>n 9 ! hank =m made by ,messrs4 ,read ,holliday ,sons1 ( ,hudd]sfield4 ,! illu/ration gives a v good idea ( ! ma*9e4 ,x consi/s ( a wood5 dye-vat :i* c be heat$ by /eam pipes 9 ! usual way4 ,ext5d+ ov] ! vat are a numb] ( reels or bobb9s2 ^! are be/ made ( wood or enamell$ iron2 ^! reels are 9 connection ) suitable ge>+ s t !y c be revolv$4 ,!re is also an arrangem5t by means ( :i* ! reels c be lift$ bodily 9 & out ( ! dye-vat = ! purpose ( tak+ on & (f1 d(f+1 ! hanks ( y>n = ! reels4 ,a reel w hold ab\t two p\nds ( y>n4 ,! work+ ( ! ma*9e is simple4 ,! vat is fill$ ) ! requisite dye-liquor4 ,! reels1 :i* are lift$ out ( ! vat1 are !n *>g$ ) ! y>n1 :i* has be5 previ\sly wett$ out4 ,!y are !n set 9 revolution & dropp$ into ! dye-vat & kept !re until x is se5 t ! y>n has acquir$ ! desir$ %ade4 ,! reels are lift$ out & ! hanks remov$1 :5 ! ma*9e is ready = ano!r lot ( y>n4 ,!re are sev]al makes ( hank-dye+ ma*9es ( ?is type1 & z a rule !y "w v well4 ,! only s\rce ( tr\ble is a slight t5d5cy = ! y>n on "o reel if hung loosely ( becom+ entangl$ ) ! y>n on "o ( ! o!r reels4 ,?is is to "s ext5t obviat$ by hang+ 9 ! bottom ( ! hank a roll] :i* acts z a weight & keeps ! y>n /ret*$ & s prev5ts x fly+ ab\t4 ,to "s makes ( ^! ma*9es a hank wr+] is atta*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,klaud]-,weldon ,dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,klaud]-,weldon ,hank-dye+ ,ma*9e4--,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ab1 :i* %[s ! late/ =m4 ,?is ma*9e consi/s ( a half-cyl9drical dye-vat built ( wood4 ,on a c5tral axis is built two discs or rod c>ri]s :i* c revolve 9 ! dye-vat1 ! revolution be+ giv5 by suitable ge>+1 :i* is %[n at ! side ( ! ma*9e4 ,on ! out] edge ( ! discs are clips = c>ry+ rods1 on :i* "o end ( ! hanks ( y>n is hung1 :ile ! o!r end is plac$ on a simil> rod c>ri$ ne> ! axle4 ,! revolution ( ! discs c>ries ! y>n ?r\gh ! dye-liquor conta9$ 9 ! l[] semi-cyl9drical "p ( ! ma*9e previ\sly allud$ to4 ,at a c]ta9 po9t1 e revolution ( ! discs1 ! rods c>ry+ ! y>ns are turn$ a little2 ?is causes ! y>n to move on ! rods1 & ?is motion helps to br+ ab\t great] ev5ness ( dye+4 ,! mo/ mod]n =m ( ?is ma*9e is provid$ ) an arrangem5t by means ( :i* ! :ole bat* ( y>n c be lift$ out ( ! dye-liquor4 ,arrangem5ts are made by :i* f "t to "t fre% quantities ( dye c be add$ if requir$ to br+ up ! dy$ y>n to any desir$ %ade4 ,?is ma*9e works well & gives good results4 ,beyond ! necess>y lab\r 9 *>g+ & dis*>g+1 & a little att5tion f "t to "t1 z ! op]ation proce$s1 to see if ! dye+ is com+ up to %ade1 ! ma*9e requires little att5tion4 ,_m o!r =ms ( hank-dye+ ma*9es h be5 devis$3 !re is ,corron's1 9 :i* an ord9>y rectangul> dye-vat is us$4 ,r\nd ?is is a framework :i* c>ries a lift+ & fall+ arrangem5t t travels to & fro along ! vat4 ,! hanks ( y>n are hung on rods ( a special con/ruction design$ to op5 !m out 9 a mann] z ne>ly approa*+ h&work z is possible4 ,! ma*9e works 9 ?is way3 ! lift+ arrangem5t is at "o end ( ! vat1 ! hanks are hung on ! rods & plac$ 9 ! vat4 ,!n ! lift] is set 9 motion & moves along ! vat2 z x does s x lifts up ea* rod full ( y>n1 turns x ov]1 op5+ out ! y>n 9 s do+1 !n x drops x aga9 9 ! vat4 ,:5 x has travell$ to ! end ( ! vat x returns1 pick+ up ! rods ( y>n 9 s do+1 & ?is motion is kept up until ! dye+ is complet$4 ,?is ma*9e is v +5i\s4 ,a type ( ma*9e :i* has be5 made by sev]al mak]s consi/s ( an ord9>y rectangul> dye-vat surr\nd$ ) a framework c>ry+ a numb] ( sets ( endless *a9s1 ! l9ks ( :i* c>ry f+]s4 ,! hanks ( y>n are hung on rods at "o end ( :i* is a too? :eel t :5 9 position fits into a rack on ! side ( ! vat4 ,! action ( ! ma*9e is ?is3 ! hanks are hung on ! rods & plac$ at ! entrance end ( ! vat1 by ! mov+ ( ! *a9s x is c>ri$ along ! vat & at ! same "t revolves1 ?us turn+ ov] ! y>n :i* hangs 9 ! dye-liquor2 :5 x rea*es ! opposite end ( ! vat1 ! rod full ( y>n is lift$ out1 c>ri$ upw>ds & !n t[>ds ! o!r end ( ! vat :5 x is aga9 dropp$ into ! dye-vat to g ?r\gh ! same cycle ( movem5ts :i* is cont9u$ until ! y>n is prop]ly dy$4 ,,cop ,,dye+4 ,9 weav+ fancy-col\r$ fabrics ! ord9>y mode is to dye ! y>n 9 ! hank =m1 !n ^? :i* h to be us$ = ! weft are w\nd into ! cop =m = plac+ 9 ! %uttles4 ,! cop =m is t 9 :i* ! y>n leaves ! sp9n+ frame1 & necess>ily ap>t f ! dye+ !re is lab\r involv$ 9 reel+ x into hanks & w9d+ x back aga9 into ! cop =m1 n only s b !re is necess>ily "s wa/e made 9 ^! op]ations4 ,_m attempts h be5 made1 ) m or less success1 to dye ! y>n :ile 9 ! cop =m & s save ! co/ ( ! hank+ & copp+ above ref]r$ to z well z ! wa/e :i* occurs4 ,cops _c be satisfactorily dy$ by simple imm]sion 9 a boil+ dye-ba?1 ! outside becomes dy$ b ! c5tral portions z (t5 z n rema9 q :ite1 & !re is a di/9ct grad+ ( col\r or %ade ?r\gh\t ! cop1 ! out] portions be+ deeply dy$ :ile ! middle portion w only h a m$ium %ade & ! c5tral portions ei!r n be+ dy$ at all or only fa9tly t9t$1 mu* dep5d+ on ! firmness ) :i* ! cop has be5 w\nd4 ,a s(t1 loosely w\nd cop is mu* m ?or\ghly dy$ ?an a h>d1 tightly w\nd cop4 ,?is unev5 dye+ ( ! cops is n satisfactory1 & mu/ be avoid$ if cop dye+ is to be a success4 ,_m dy]s h turn$ _! att5tion to ?is "q ( dye+ y>n 9 ! cop =m1 & _m ma*9es h be5 devis$ = ! purpose2 "s ( ^! h n be5 a success1 b a few h be5 f\nd to yield satisfactory results & prov$ 9 practice v successful4 ,9 all ma*9es = dye+ cops "o pr9ciple has be5 adopt$--t ( draw+ or =c+ ! dye-liquor ?r\gh ! cop4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--;,graemig] ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,graemig]'s ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e4--,?is is %[n 9 section 9 ,figs4 #ac & #ad4 ,al?\gh simple 9 its "w x is some:at complex 9 its con/ruction & difficult to describe4 ,! ma*9e consi/s ( a dye-vat to hold ! requisite dye-liquors4 ,9 ! upp] portions ( ?is is an iron ca/+ =m$ ) f\r *amb]s1 ! two l[] ones ( :i* are imm]s$ 9 ! dye-liquor :ile ! upp] *amb]s are above x4 ,! sides ( ?is ca/+ are =m$ ( metal plates :i* fit tightly aga9/ ! ca/+ & =m z ne>ly air-& wat]-tight jo9ts ) x z x is possible to make4 ,^! metal plates are on a sp9dle & c be rotat$4 ,!y are p]=at$ & made to c>ry sp9dles1 on :i* are plac$ ! cops to be dy$4 ,! two l[] *amb]s are 9 connection ) a pump :i* draws ! air f !m & s creates a vacuum inside ! *amb]s4 ,to fill ?is1 liquor f ! dye-vat passes ?r\gh ! cops & into ! *amb]s1 & is 9 turn drawn ?r\gh ! pump & return$ to ! dye-vat4 ,9 ?is way !re is a cont9ual circulation ( dye-liquors f ! vat ?r\gh ! cops1 *amb]s & pump back to ! vat aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--;,graemig] ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,! left upp] *amb] is practically a blank *amb]4 ,^? portions ( ! cop c>ri]s 9 contact ) x are fill$ ) cops1 :i* are plac$ on p]=at$ sp9dles2 ! discs are giv5 a qu>t] revolution :i* br+s ! cops into ! dye-liquor & 9 connection ) ! left l[] *amb] & are dy$4 ,at ! same "t ! section ( ! cop c>ri]s n[ 9 contact ) ! left top *amb] is fill$ ) a new lot ( cops1 ano!r qu>t] ( a revolution is giv5 to ! cop c>ri]s1 :i* imm]se ! new lot ( cops 9 ! dye-liquor4 ,! ?ird qu>t] ( ! cop plates is fill$ ) cops4 ,a ?ird movem5t ( ! cop plates n[ takes place2 ?is br+s ! fir/ lot ( cops out ( ! dye-liquor & 9 contact ) ! "r upp] *amb]1 :]e ! surplus liquor is drawn out ( !m & return$ to ! dye-vat4 ,ano!r revolution br+s ! cops back to _! fir/ position1 !y are n[ remov$ & a new lot sub/itut$4 ,^! proce$+s g on cont9u\sly4 ,al?\gh n q free f defects ! ma*9e gives v good results1 ! cops be+ v uni=mly dy$ ?r\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--- ,beaumont's ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,beaumont's ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e4--,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ae4 ,x consi/s ( a copp] hemisph]ical dye-vessel1 :i* is provid$ ) a tightly fitt+ lid1 al?\gh ?is is n ne$$ 9 all cases4 ,! bottom ( ! vessel is 9 communication ) ! suction end ( a c5trifugal pump1 :ile ! deliv]y end ( ! pump is atta*$ to ! upp] end ( ! dye-vessel1 ! action ( ! pump be+ to secure a con/ant circulation ( dye-liquor f ! bottom to ! top ( ! dye-vessel4 ,arrangem5ts are provid$ by a peculi> & +5i\s contrivance fitt$ 9 "o side ( ! dye-kettle = introduc+ /eam to heat ! dye-liquor to any requir$ degree4 ,z 9 mo/ =ms ( cop-dye+ ma*9es1 ! cops are plac$ on p]=at$ metal sp9dles4 ,! cops & sp9dles are ins]t$ 9 holes 9 a p]=at$ metal plate1 & ov] !m is plac$ a ?9 metal plate1 te*nically call$ ! antifloat]1 ^: object is to prev5t ! cops f becom+ deta*$ f ! plate4 ,?is plate1 full ( cops1 is n[ plac$ 9 ! dye-vessel & re/s ^u a flange :i* is provid$ = t purpose4 ,:5 ! cop plate is 9 position ! dye-vessel is divid$ into two *amb]s--a l[] *amb] & an upp] "o1 9 ! latt] be+ ! cops4 ,! pump draws liquor f ! *amb] "u ! cop plate & s creates a vacuum1 :i* dur+ ! work+ ( ! ma*9es ranges f #aj to #bj in*es 9 degree4 ,to supply ?is vacuum1 dye-liquor is drawn f ! upp] *amb] ?r\gh ! cops4 ,! pump returns ! liquor to ! dye-vessel4 ,a v rapid circulation ( dye-liquor takes place1 f #be to #ej gallons p] m9ute pass+ ?r\gh ! cops & pump4 ,f five to t5 m9utes is suffici5t to dye ! cops4 ,! ma*9e is simple 9 its con/ruction & gives good results1 ! cops be+ completely dy$ ?r\gh4 ,"o important consid]ation 9 cop dye+ is to be able to dye successive bat*es ( cops to exactly ! same %ade1 & ?is is q possible ) ?is ma*9e4 ,"y ,cripp9's ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e4--,s f> z simplicity ( con/ruction is conc]n$ ?is lies betwe5 ! two prec$+ ma*9es4 ,x consi/s ( f\r p>ts ) "s accessory me*anism4 ,!re is fir/ a dye-liquor /orage tank at ! base ( ! app>atus 9 :i* ! liquor is kept /or$ & boil+ 7if necess>y7 ready = use1 above ?is & at ! front end is ! dye-*amb]1 ?is communicates at its l[] end by a pipe ) ! dye-liquor 9 ! dye-vat4 ,!n !re is a l>ge vacuum *amb]1 9 :i* by means ( an injector a vacuum c be =m$1 ?is directly communicates ) a liquor-receiv+ *amb] :i* aga9 9 turn is 9 communication ) ! upp] "p ( ! dye-*amb]4 ,! cops are plac$ on p]=at$ sp9dles z usual1 & ^! on a p]=at$ plate & are kept 9 place by a plate :i* is screw$ d[n on !m4 ,! *>g$ cop plate is plac$ 9 ! dye-*amb] on :i* a cov] is plac$ & screw$ d[n4 ,by means ( a lev] ! injector is set at "w1 a vacuum creat$ 9 ! vacuum & receiv+ *amb]s1 ! consequ5ce be+ t dye-liquor is drawn f ! vat ?r\gh ! cops 9 ! dye-*amb] into ! receiv+ *amb]4 ,:5 a c]ta9 quantity ( liquor has pass$ ?r\gh1 by a movem5t ( a lev]1 ! vacuum is de/roy$1 & ! dye-liquor runs back into ! dye-vat2 ^! op]ations are repeat$ until f pa/ exp]i5ce ( ! work+ ( ! ma*9e x is ?\ght suffici5t has pass$ ?r\gh to dye ! cops1 :5 ! dye-*amb] is op5$ & ! cops tak5 out4 ,?is ma*9e works v well4 ,momm]'s ,cop-dye+ ,ma*9e4--,?is is 9 use 9 sev]al cont95tal dye-works4 ,! c5tral portion ( ?is ma*9e is a rectangul> dye-*amb]1 :i* c be h]metically clos$ by h+$ doors1 ! cops are plac$ side by side on trays provid$ ) p]=at$ bottoms1 ! trays be+ plac$ "o on ! top ( ! o!r 9 ! dye-*amb]4 ,f ! top ( ! dye-*amb] passes a pipe to a c5trifugal pump1 & a simil> pipe passes f ! bottom ( ! *amb] to ! pump4 ,a sep>ate vat conta9s ! dye-liquor :i* is us$4 ,! pump =ces ! dye-liquor ?r\gh ! cops :i* take up ! dye4 ,arrangem5ts are provid$ by :i* ! direction ( ! fl[ ( ! dye-liquor c be *ang$4 ,?is ma*9e gives fairly good results1 n p]haps equal to ^? ) ! ma*9es previ\sly describ$4 ,w>p-dye+ ,ma*9es4--,al?\gh _m w>ps1 especially = fancy fabrics1 are prep>$ f y>ns dy$ 9 ! hank or cop =m1 yet x is f\nd advantage\s :5 a w>p is ( "o col\r1 a self-col\r z x is call$1 to =m ! w>p f grey or :ite y>ns & to dye x aft] w>p+4 ,if ! w>p 7 s w\nd z to be able to g into a ,ob]mai] dye+ ma*9e1 x w\ld be possible to dye x 9 t ma*9e1 b g5]ally w>ps are dy$ 9 ! op5 =m & are pass$ ?r\gh a dye+ vat1 commonly call$ a w>p-vat :i* is con/ruct$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #af4 ,^! w>p-dye+ ma*9es g5]ally consi/ ( a long rectangul> wood5 dye-vat1 divid$ by two p>titions into ?ree comp>tm5ts1 ea* provid$ ) /eam pipes to heat up its cont5ts2 betwe5 ! fir/ & second & betwe5 ! second & ?ird comp>tm5ts is fitt$ a pair ( squeez+ roll]s1 :ile ! ?ird comp>tm5t is fitt$ ) a heavi] pair ( squeez+ roll]s4 ,motion is giv5 to ^! roll]s by suitable ge>+1 & !y s]ve to draw ! w>p ?r\gh ! ma*9e4 ,guide roll]s are fitt$ 9 ! comp>tm5t1 & ! w>p be+ tak5 r\nd ^!1 x passes sev]al times up & d[n & ?r\gh ! dye-liquors conta9$ 9 ! comp>tm5ts4 ,^! w>p-dye+ ma*9es may be made ( suffici5t wid? to take "o1 two1 ?ree or m w>ps at "o "t z desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,w>p-dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,! ?ree comp>tm5ts ( ! ma*9e may conta9 diff]5t liquids or all ! same liquid accord+ z ! nature ( ! %ade to be dy$ dem&s4 ,! passage is done sl[ly s z to give ! w>p "t to absorb ! liquors & take up ! dye4 ,:5 all ! l5g? ( w>p has be5 s5t ?r\gh1 x is said to h be5 dy$ "o end4 ,sometimes ?is w be en\gh1 b (t5 x is n1 & s ! w>p is s5t ?r\gh aga91 giv5 ano!r end1 & /ill aga9 if ! full %ade has n be5 atta9$4 ,aft] be+ dy$ 9 ?is ma*9e ! w>p is s5t ?r\gh ano!r "o conta9+ v>i\s wa% liquors to f9i% ! process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--,w>p-dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,fig4 #ag %[s a w>p-dye+ ma*9e simil> to1 b a little m elaborate 9 con/ruction ?an1 ! vats j describ$4 ,piece-dye+ ,ma*9es4--,:]ev] x is possible x is f> m pref]able to dye textile fabrics 9 ! =m ( wov5 pieces r ?an 9 ! y>n f :i* !y are wov54 ,dur+ ! process ( weav+ x is q impossible to avoid ! mat]ial gett+ dirty & some:at greasy1 & ! op]ations ( sc\r+ necess>y to remove ?is dirt & grease has an impair+ action on ! col\r if dy$ y>ns h be5 us$ 9 weav+ x4 ,?is is avoid$ :5 ! pieces are wov5 fir/ & dy$ aft]w>ds1 & ?is c always be done :5 ! clo?s are dy$ 9 "o col\r only4 ,( c\rse :5 ! goods are fancy goods conta9+ sev]al col\rs !y h to be wov5 f dy$ y>ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,dye-jigg]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,dye-jigg]4 ,! mo/ common =m ( ma*9e 9 :i* pieces are dy$ is ,! ,jigg]1 commonly call$ ! jig4 ,?is is %[n 9 ,figs4 #ah & #ai4 ,x consi/s ( a dye-vessel made suffici5tly long to take ! piece full wid?--wide at ! top & n>r[ at ! bottom4 ,at ! top at ea* side is plac$ a l>ge w9d+ roll] on :i* ! clo? is w\nd4 ,at ! bottom ( ! jig is plac$ a guide roll] r\nd :i* passes ! clo?4 ,9 "s makes ( jigs 7,fig4 #ai7 !re are two guide roll]s at ! bottom & "o at ! top1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 s t ! clo? passes sev]al times ?r\gh ! dye-liquor4 ,9 work+1 ! clo? is fir/ w\nd on "o ( ! roll]s1 !n ?read$ ?r\gh ! guide roll]s & atta*$ to ! o!r w9d+ roll]4 ,:5 ?is is done dye-liquor is run into ! jig1 ! ge>+ set 9 motion1 & ! clo? w\nd f ! full on to ! empty roll]4 ,) ! object ( keep+ ! piece tight1 a heavy press roll] is arrang$ to be> on ! clo? on ! full roll]4 ,:5 all ! clo? has pass$ f "o roll] to ! o!r x is said to h be5 giv5 "o end4 ,! direction ( motion is n[ *ang$1 & ! clo? s5t 9 ! opposite direction ?r\gh ! jig1 & ! piece has n[ receiv$ ano!r end4 ,?is alt]nation f "o roll] to ! o!r is cont9u$ z long z is deem$ necess>y1 mu* dep5d+ on ! dep? ( col\r :i* is be+ dy$--"s pale %ades may only take two or ?ree ends1 deep] %ades may take m4 ,:5 dye+ wool ) acid col\rs :i* are all absorb$ f ! dye-liquor1 or ! ba? is exhau/$1 x is a good plan to run ! pieces sev]al m ends s z to ensure ?or\gh fixation ( ! dye on ! clo?4 ,x is n advisable 9 work+ ^! jigs to add ! :ole ( ! dye to ! liquor at ! comm5cem5t1 b only a "p ( x2 !n :5 "o end is giv51 ano!r portion ( ! dye may be add$2 su* portions be+ always 9 ! =m ( solution4 ,add+ dyes 9 p[d] =m inevitably leads to ! production ( col\r specks on ! f9i%$ goods4 ,! reason = ?us add+ ! dye-/uff 9 portions is t ) "s dyes ! aff9ity = ! fibre is s great t if all 7 add$ at once x w\ld all be absorb$ be=e ! clo? _h be5 giv5 "o end2 &1 fur!r1 ! clo? w\ld be v deep at ! front end1 :ile x w\ld %ade (f to no col\r at ! o!r end4 ,by add+ ! dye 9 portions ?is difficulty is ov]come & m level %ades are obta9$2 x is met ) 9 all cases ( jigg] dye+1 b x is mo/ common 9 dye+ cotton or wool ) basic dyes l mag5ta1 auram9e1 me?yl violet or brilliant gre51 & 9 dye+ wool ) acid dyes l acid gre51 =myl violets1 azo sc>let1 or acid yell[4 ,"s attempts h be5 made to make jigg]s automatic 9 _! rev]s+ action1 b !y h n be5 successful2 ow+ to ! greatly v>y+ conditions ( l5g? ( pieces1 _! ?ickness1 etc41 :i* h to be dy$1 & x is next to impossible to make all all[ances = su* v>y+ conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj--;,jig ,w9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--;,clo?-dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,! ,jig ,w9ce or ,w9ce ,dye ,beck4--,?is dye+ ma*9e is v l>gely us$1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! dye+ ( wooll5 clo?s4 ,x is made by _m mak]s1 & v>ies some:at 9 =m accord+ly4 ,figs4 #bj1 #ba & #bb1 %[ ?ree =ms by diff]5t mak]s4 ,9 any make ! jig w9ce1 or w9ce dye beck1 consi/s ( a l>ge rectangul>1 or1 9 "s cases1 hemicyl9drical dye-vat4 ,probably ! be/ %ape w\ld be to h a vat ) "o /raight side at ! front1 & "o curv$ side at ! back4 ,9 "s a small guide roll] is fitt$ at ! bottom1 "u :i* ! pieces to be dy$ pass4 ,/eam pipes are provid$ = heat+ ! dye-liquors4 ,! becks %\ld be fitt$ ) a false bottom made ( wood1 p]=at$ ) holes1 or ( wood5 lattice "w1 & bel[ :i* ! /eam pipes are plac$2 ! object be+ to prev5t ! pieces f com+ 9 contact ) ! /eam pipe1 & s prev5t+ ! production ( /a9s4 ,above ! dye-vat1 & t[>ds ! back1 is ! w9ce1 a revolv+ skeleton :eel1 :i* draws ! pieces out ( ! dye-vat at ! front1 & deliv]s !m into x aga9 at ! back4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is w9ce is well %[n 9 ! draw+s4 ,! w9ce w take ! pieces full bread?1 b (t5 !y are some:at fold$1 & s sev]al pieces1 f\r1 five or six /r+s z !y are call$1 c be dealt ) at "o "t4 ,9 ?is case a guide rail is provid$ 9 ! front "p ( ! ma*9e4 ,9 ?is rail are pegs :i* s]ve to keep ! pieces ( clo? sep>ate1 & s prev5t entanglem5ts4 ,! pieces are /it*$ end to end s z to =m an endless b&4 ,:5 runn+ ?r\gh ! vat !y fall d[n 9 folds at ! back "p ( ! beck1 & are drawn out ( ! bottom & up 9 ! front4 ,ea* "p ?us rema9s = "s "t 9 ! dye-liquor1 dur+ :i* x necess>ily takes up ! dye4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,dye ,beck4 ,9 ! jig & w9ce dye+ ma*9es ! pieces necess>ily are = a "p ( ! "t1 long] 9 ! case ( ! jigg] ?an 9 t ( ! w9ce1 out ( ! dye-liquor & expos$ to ! air4 ,9 ! case ( "s dyes1 indigo especially1 ?is is n desirable1 & yet x is advisable to run ! clo? op5 = "s "t 9 ! liquor1 s z to get x ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! dye-liquor1 or to become dy$4 ,?is may be done on su* a ma*9e1 z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bd1 page #gi1 b hav+ all ! guide roll]s bel[ ! liquor1 s t at no "t is ! piece out ( ! liquor1 except1 ( c\rse1 :5 ent]+ & leav+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,holliday's ,ma*9e = ,hawk+ ,clo?4 ,! s-call$ hawk+ ma*9es h also ?is object 9 view1 & ,fig4 #bc is an illu/ration ( ,holliday's hawk+ ma*9e1 made by ,messrs4 ,read ,holliday ,sons1 ( ,hudd]sfield4 ,!re is ! dye-vat z usual2 9 ?is is susp5d$ ! draw+ me*anism1 ^: con/ruction is well %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,?is is a pair ( roll]s driv5 by suitable ge>+1 betwe5 :i* ! clo? passes1 & by :i* x is drawn ?r\gh ! ma*9e4 ,a small roll] ensures ! clo? prop]ly leav+ ! l>ge roll]s2 !n !re is a lattice-"w arrangem5t ov] :i* ! pieces are drawn4 ,9 actual "w ! :ole ( ?is arrangem5t is bel[ ! surface ( ! dye-liquor 9 ! vat4 ,! piece to be dy$ is ?read$ ?r\gh ! ma*9e1 ! ends /it*$ toge!r4 ,!n ! arrangem5t is l[]$ into ! dye-vat & set into motion1 :]eby ! clo? is drawn cont9u\sly 9 ! op5 =m ?r\gh ! dye-liquor1 ?is be+ done z long z exp]i5ce %[s to be necess>y4 ,?is hawk+ ma*9e w be f\nd useful 9 dye+ indigo on cotton or wool1 or 9 dye+ cotton clo?s ) su* dyes z ,imm$ial blacks1 ,cross-dye blacks1 ,amidazol blacks1 ,vidal blacks1 :]e x is necess>y to keep ! goods bel[ ! surface ( ! dye-liquor dur+ ! op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--;,cont9u\s ,dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,fig4 #bd %[s a =m ( clo?-dye+ ma*9e mu* us$ 9 ! cotton trade4 ,x consi/s ( a numb] ( comp>tm5ts fitt$ ) guide roll]s at top & bottom1 & r\nd :i* ! clo? is ?read$1 s t x passes up & d[n 9 ! dye-liquor sev]al times4 ,betwe5 ea* two comp>tm5ts is a pair ( squeez+ roll]s to press out all surplus liquors4 ,all ! comp>tm5ts may be fill$ ) ! same dye-liquor1 or ) diff]5t dye-liquors & develop+ liquors1 z may be mo/ conv5i5t & requir$ = ! "w 9 h&4 ,su* a ma*9e is us$ 9 dye+ logwood black1 anil9e black1 & _m ( ! direct col\rs1 etc4 ,f ! direct col\rs a l>ge numb] ( light %ades are dy$ on to cotton clo? by ! process kn[n z padd+2 ?is consi/s 9 pass+ ! clo? ?r\gh a liquor conta9+ ! dye-/uff1 usually a little phosphate ( soda is add$1 !n betwe5 squeez+ roll]s1 & f9ally dry+ ! clo?4 ,= ?is process !re is us$ :at is call$ a padd+ ma*9e4 ,?is is %[n 9 ,figs4 #be & #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,padd+ ,ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,padd+ ,ma*9e4 ,x consi/s ess5tially ( a tr\gh1 :i* conta9s two or m guide roll]s1 & 9 ?is is plac$ ! padd+ liquor4 ,above ! tr\gh is fitt$ squeez+ roll]s1 sometimes two z 9 ,fig4 #be1 or ?ree z 9 ,fig4 #bf4 ,besides ^!1 !re are w9d+ & beam+ & o!r guide roll]s4 ,fig4 #be %[s ! simple/ padd+ ma*9e1 :]e ! clo? passes once ?r\gh ! liquor & ?r\gh ! squeez+ roll]s4 ,9 ,fig4 #bf ! clo? passes sev]al times ?r\gh ! liquor & twice ?r\gh ! squeez+ roll]s1 ?us ensur+ a m p]fect impregnation ( ! clo? ) ! dye-liquor1 & !re=e a m uni=m dye+ ( ! clo?4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,cotton ,,dye+4 ,/ud5ts ( cotton dye+ %\ld h a good k ( ! pr9ciples t und]lie ! processes ( dye+ cotton fabrics4 ,x is only by recognis+ ^! pr9ciples & !n endeav\r+ to apply !m to ea* individual case ( dye+1 t ! dy] or /ud5t w obta9 a ?or\gh grasp ( 8 subject4 ,x is ! aim ( ! au?or to lay d[n ^! pr9ciples 9 a cle> & intelligible =m4 ,cotton is dy$ 9 its loose raw condition1 z y>n 9 ! =m ( hanks1 y>n 9 ! =m ( cops1 & 9 ! wov5 pieces ( e k9d4 ,=m]ly ! idea 0 preval5t among cotton dy]s t ! process :i* succe$s ) piece goods w\ld n answ] ) y>ns4 ,x is n[ recognis$ h[ev] t ?is is n s1 t a process :i* w dye cotton y>n w also dye cotton piece goods or loose cotton4 ,! diff]5ces :i* d exi/ 9 ! practical work+ ( ! processes entirely arise f ! diff]5ce 9 ! =m 9 :i* ! cotton is pres5t$ to ! dy]1 = x mu/ be obvi\s to any "o t ! mode ( h&l+ a piece ( cotton clo? dur+ ! "t x is 9 ! dye-ba? mu/ be diff]5t f t ( a hank ( y>n1 a p>cel ( loose cotton or a numb] ( cops4 ,! v>i\s ma*9es us$ = dye+ all ^! =ms & ! mann] ( work+ !m h be5 already describ$4 ,! dyes1 :e!r natural--d]iv$ f ! v>i\s dye-woods1 etc4--or artificial--prep>$ f coal t>--may accord+ to _! v>i$ *emical composition & con/itution be divid$ into sev5te5 or eighte5 di/9ct gr\ps1 b x is n int5d$ "h to give any acc\nt ( !m2 ! read] is ref]r$ to o!r books su* z ,! ,diction>y ( ,coal ,t> ,col\rs1 by ,george ,h4 ,hur/2 ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,coal ,t> ,col\rs1 by ,b5$ikt & ,kne*t2 or ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,organic ,col\r+ ,matt]s1 by ,nietzki1 :]e ! composition & prop]ties ( ! dyes are fully describ$4 ,f ! mann] 9 :i* ! v>i\s dyes are appli$ to cotton1 l951 wool & o!r fibres we c divide !m into five gr\ps1 ?us3-- ,gr\p #a4 ,direct dyes4 #b4 ,basic dyes4 #c4 ,acid dyes4 #d4 ,mordant dyes4 #e4 ,miscellane\s dyes4 ,fir/ gr\p1 direct dyes1 are n[ v num]\s2 !y dye cotton1 l95 & o!r vegetable fibres f a pla9 ba?1 & d n require ^? fibres to be prep>$ 9 any way4 ,h5ce ! reason ( _! be+ nam$ direct1 or by "s ! sub/antive col\rs4 ,!y w also dye wool & silk4 ,! second gr\p1 basic dyes1 comprise "s ( ! olde/ ( ! coal-t> dyes2 !y dye wool & silk direct f pla9 ba?s1 b require cotton1 l95 & o!r vegetable fibres to be previ\sly prep>$ 9 ba?s ( tannic acid1 suma* or o!r tann+ mat]ial4 ,! ?ird gr\p1 acid dyes1 are v num]\s1 & f bo? _! *emical composition & mode ( dye+ c be divid$ into sev]al sub-gr\ps4 ,_! pr9cipal feature is t !y dye wool & silk f ba?s conta9+ ,glaub]'s salt & "s acid1 h5ce _! "n ( acid dyes4 ,!y d n dye cotton or l95 well1 "s n at all1 o!rs are absorb$ to a slight ext5t by ! cotton1 b only pale t9ts are produc$1 :ile o!rs may be us$ along ) metallic mordants to dye bright b pale & fugitive %ades4 ,! acid dyes comprise su* z ,acid gre51 ,=myl violet1 ,acid mag5ta1 ,azo sc>let1 ,orange4 ,?ioc>m9e ,r41 ,pat5t blues1 ,wool gre5s1 indigo extract1 ,eos9es1 etc4 ,! f\r? gr\p1 mordant dyes1 includes ! aliz>9e s]ies ( coal-t> col\rs1 logwood1 ,brazil wood & mo/ natural col\rs1 & "s o!rs4 ,! pr9cipal feature ( ^! dyes is t !y require ! cotton to be prep>$ ) "s metallic oxide1 l ^? ( *rome1 alum9a & iron1 be=e dye+1 & ! col\r :i* is got dep5ds p>tly ^u ! p>ticul> dye-/uff us$ & p>tly ^u ! oxide ) :i* ! cotton has be5 prep>$4 ,! fif? gr\p includes a few dyes l indigo1 :i* are dy$ on to cotton by v>i\s & special processes4 ,! processes ( cotton dye+ employ$ to-day may be compris$ "u eight heads1 namely3-- 7#a7 ,direct dye+4 7#b7 ,direct dye+ foll[$ by fixation ) metallic salts4 7#c7 ,direct dye+ foll[$ by fixation ) develop]s4 7#d7 ,direct dye+ foll[$ by fixation ) c\pl]s4 7#e7 ,dye+ on tannic mordant4 7#f7 ,dye+ on metallic mordant4 7#g7 ,develop+ ! col\r direct on fibre4 7#h7 ,dye+ by impregnat+ ! cotton ) ! dye-/uff1 foll[$ by oxidation or /eam+4 ,x is ( c\rse n easy to elaborate a simple s*eme ( gr\p+ ! processes t %all def9itely include all processes1 b ! above gr\p+ w be f\nd z successful z any1 & ea* w be consid]$ z fully z is deem$ necess>y4 7#a7 ,,direct ,,dye+4 ,no?+ 9 ! hi/ory ( cotton dye+ caus$ su* a revolution 9 ! me?ods ( work+ z did ! introduction "s fifte5 ye>s ago ( ! =]unn]s 7,congo r$1 ,b5zo purpur9e1 ,*rysam9e1 ,azo blue7 ( ! n[ num]\s gr\p ( direct dyes1 foll[$ z !y 7 by ! ,b5zo1 ,congo1 ,diam9e1 ,titan1 ,*icago & ,zambesi memb]s ( ! gr\p4 ,prior to _! introduction cotton dye+ 0 always m or less complicat$ & mordant+ me?ods _h to be employ$4 ,) ! introduction ( ! direct dyes cotton dye+ has become ev5 m simple ?an wool or silk dye+1 & n[ all t is necess>y is to prep>e a dye liquor conta9+ ! necess>y am\nt ( dye-/uff & ,glaub]'s salt1 or common salt or soda1 or "s simil> body1 or a comb9ation !re(4 ,! me?od ( work+ is to place ! cotton 9 a lukew>m or ev5 9 a hot ba?1 raise to ! boil1 all[ ! goods to rema9 9 ! boil+ ba? = half an h\r to an h\r1 !n take !m out1 wr+1 wa% & dry4 ,?is me?od is simple & w answ] = all ! dyes ( ?is gr\p4 ,!re are "s t d n require ! work+ to be done boil+2 x is simply ne$ful to ent] ! cotton into a boil+ ba? & "w )\t /eam until ! ba? has cool$ d[n4 ,furi\s boil+ is n ne$$--a g5tle simm] gives ! be/ results4 ,unev5 dye+ seems to be an impossibility 9 ?is gr\p ( dyes1 unless ! cotton is dirty2 no matt] h[ ! op]ations are c>ri$ on1 level dye+ is ! rule n ! exception4 ,an enorm\s v>iety ( %ades & t9ts c be obta9$ f ^! dyes1 & !y c be comb9$ toge!r 9 e conceivable mann] & proportions4 ,no satisfactory explanation has yet be5 giv5 z to :at feature 9 ! *emical composition ( ^! dye-/uffs give !m su* an aff9ity = ! cotton fibre z to enable !m to dye 9 s simple a mann] su* fa/ %ades z !y d2 x is a fact !re is su* an aff9ity & !re ! matt] mu/ re/4 ,x has be5 f\nd 9 practice t ! effici5cy ( ! dye+ op]ation dep5ds1 prim>ily ( c\rse1 on ! p>ticul> dye-/uff us$1 b also ^u o!r factors1 t a c]ta9 assi/ant be us$4 ,"s dyes "w on ! cotton bett] f a ba? conta9+ ,glaub]'s salt1 :ile ) o!rs common salt works be/1 :ile a little soda along ) ! salt facilitates ! dye+ 9 "s cases4 ,x is practically impossible to specify "h ! be/ assi/ant = all ! direct col\rs1 on acc\nt ( ! great numb] ( su* dyes :i* are kn[n1 b 9 ! practical recipes giv5 bel[ mu* useful advice w be f\nd4 ,!n ! quantity ( su* assi/ants us$ is ( mu* importance2 !re is "o proportion at :i* ! be/ results are obta9$ = ea* dye4 ,! dy] %\ld f9d out = himself by exp]im5t & ! use ( ! dyes he employs 9 8 "w :at assi/ant & h[ mu* is be/1 & make 8 ba?s up to t /r5g?4 ,) "s dyes #aj p] c5t4 ( ! assi/ant w be f\nd suffici5t1 :ile ) o!rs1 #be to #cj p] c5t4 w n be too mu*4 ,! p]c5tage ref]s to ! weight ( ! cotton t is tak54 ,"o function ( ! assi/ants mu/ be po9t$ out "h3 x is t 9 "s cases !y--especially ! alkal9e ones1 soda1 pota%1 borax1 phosphate ( soda--help ! dye+ by promot+ ! solubility ( ! dye-/uff 9 ! ba?1 !reby ret>d+ ! exhau/ion ( ! ba? & ensur+ ! production ( level %ades4 ,! foll[+ =mulas %[ ! application ( ! =ego+ pr9ciples to ! dye+ ( num]\s %ades on to cotton & also ! dyes :i* are applicable1 "s ( ! comb9ations :i* are possible ) ^! direct dyes1 & give "s idea ( ! t9ts & %ades ( ! col\rs t c be got by _! means4 ,! be/ assi/ants to use are also indicat$ 9 ! =mul4 ,all ! =mul "h giv5 & all t w be giv5 9 future *apt]s are int5d$ = #ajj lb4 weight ( cotton fabrics 9 any condition1 :e!r ( loose cotton1 y>n 9 cops1 hanks or wraps & wov5 fabrics ( e k9d4 ,bright ,r$4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,b5zo purpur9e #d ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,?is dye may also be us$ ) #c lb4 soap & #aj lb4 soda 9 ! ba? ) equally good results4 ,pale ,salmon4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #c lb4 salt1 #e lb4 phosphate ( soda1 #a lb4 soap1 #a_/b oz4 ,b5zo orange ,r4 ,= a pale %ade l ?is x is n necess>y to heat to ! boil1 a temp]ature ( #agj to #ahj ,f4 is suffici5t4 ,d>k ,plum4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #bj lb4 ( ,glaub]'s salt1 #b-a_/b lb4 soap1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o4 & #b lb4 ,diam9e r$ ,n4 ,ent] at #ahj ,f41 "w = a few m9utes1 !n raise to boil & dye to %ade2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,turkey ,r$4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,b5zo purpur9e #d ,b1 #a lb4 ,brilliant purpur9e1 #b lb4 soap1 #aj lb4 borax4 ,ent] ! cotton at ! boil & "w = "o h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,lilac ,r$4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 soap1 #e lb4 soda1 #c lb4 ,rose azur9e ,g4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,p9k4--,prep>e a ba? conta9+ #aj lb4 soda1 #a oz4 ,rose azur9e ,b4 ,ent] at a boil & "w = "o h\r1 boil+ to %ade2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,bordeaux4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #e lb4 soda cry/als1 #c lb4 ,diam9e fa/ r$ ,f1 #a lb4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 #a lb4 ,rose azur9e ,g4 ,ent] cold1 !n raise to ! boil1 & "w = "o & a half h\rs2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,rose ,p9k4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #b lb4 ,erika ,b1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #c lb4 soap1 work+ at ne> ! boil to %ade4 ,brilliant ,r$4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #bd lb4 ,brilliant purpur9e ,r & #be lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,p9k4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e rose ,b ,d1 #a_/b lb4 soda1 #a lb4 soap & #e lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at #aej ,f4 = half an h\r4 ,d>k ,r$4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e r$ #e ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,p9k4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d oz4 ,diam9e rose ,b ,d1 #a lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil1 #dj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,sc>let4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,diam9e sc>let #c ,b1 #a lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,sc>let4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,titan sc>let ,c1 #a_/b lb4 ,titan orange1 #ej lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = ?irty m9utes1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,! dye-ba? is n exhau/$ & may be us$ = fur!r lots4 ,crimson ,r$4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,titan sc>let ,d & #ej lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = fifty m9utes1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,! ba? is n exhau/$1 ! cotton tak+ up only ab\t #c lb4 ( ! dye-/uff2 x may !re=e be kept = fur!r use1 :5 = ea* succe$+ lot #c to #c-a_/b lb4 ( col\r & #be lb4 ( salt only ne$ be add$4 ,sc>let4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,rosoph59e #e ,b1 dissolv$ 9 #ej gallons hot wat]1 #b gallons cau/ic soda lye 7#fj ,tw474 ,:5 ?or\ghly dissolv$ add #aej lb4 salt4 ,make up ! ba? to #ajj gallons4 ,ent] ! y>n & "w = a qu>t] to half an h\r at ab\t #ahj ,f2 squeeze (f & wa% ?or\ghly 9 cold wat] until ! wat] runs (f clean4 ,rose ,r$4--,use #a lb4 ,diam9e r$ #aj ,b1 #c lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,deep ,crimson4--,use #c lb4 ,diam9e r$ #aj ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,cl>et4--,use #c lb4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,p9k4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #e oz4 ,dianil r$ #d ,b1 #e lb4 salt & #c lb4 soda4 ,sc>let4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,dianil r$ #d ,b1 #ae lb4 salt & #e lb4 soda4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,cl>et4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,dianil cl>et ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,m>oon4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil cl>et ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,bright ,sc>let4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #b-a_/b lb4 ,dianil r$ #d ,b #e oz4 ,dianil orange ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 salt4 ,d>k ,m>oon4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,dianil r$ #d ,b1 #b lb4 ,dianil cl>et ,g1 #ac oz4 ,dianil cl>et ,b1 #e lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,crimson4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,congo rub9e1 #e lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,m>oon4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #a lb4 ,b5zo purpur9e #d ,b1 #c lb4 ,congo ,cor9? ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,pale ,fawn ,r$4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e r$ #e ,b1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,rose ,r$4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 #c oz4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,crimson4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 #c oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,salmon4--,dye ) #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e fa/ r$ ,f1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,t]ra-,gotta ,r$4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ r$ ,f1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,lilac ,r$4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,heliotrope ,b ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,bright ,p9k4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #b oz4 ,rose azur9e ,g1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ne>ly all ! direct r$s give good p9k t9ts :5 us$ 9 proportion1 v>y+ f #j4a to #j4be p] c5t4 ( dye-/uff4 ,bright ,/raw4--,dye 9 a ba? made ( #a_/d lb4 ,titan yell[ ,g ,g1 #aj lb4 salt1 = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,yell[4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,titan yell[ ,y1 #aj lb4 salt4 ,heat to #ahj ,f41 ent] ! goods1 raise to boil1 & dye = "o h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,yell[4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #a lb4 ,turkey r$ oil1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,sun ,yell[4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,sun yell[1 #cj lb4 common salt4 ,dye at ! boil4 ,! ba? is kept = fur!r lots4 ,yell[4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,direct yell[ ,r1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,yell[4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,curcuph59e1 #bj lb4 common salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r2 lift1 r9se & dry4 ,old ,gold4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,diam9e yell[ ,n p[d]1 #bj lb4 phosphate ( soda1 #aj lb4 soap4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r2 f9i% 9 ! usual way4 ,! ba? may be kept = o!r lots ( goods4 ,d>k ,yell[4--,! ba? is made f #b lb4 ,toluyl5e orange ,g1 #aj lb4 phosphate ( soda1 & #b-a_/b lb4 soap1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,bright ,yell[4--,use #a lb4 ,*rysoph59e1 #b lb4 phosphate ( soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,lemon ,yell[4--,use #a oz4 ,*rysam9e ,g1 #b lb4 phosphate ( soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,yell[4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,oxyph59e & #bj lb4 salt4 ,yell[ ,olive4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #b oz4 ,cotton br[n ,n1 #d-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #d-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,gre5 ,yell[4--,dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b4 #b oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,gold ,yell[4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,columbia yell[1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,cream4--,dye ) #a_/b oz4 ,toluyl5e orange ,g1 #bd gra9s ,brilliant orange ,g1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,primrose4--,dye ) #c oz4 ,dianil yell[ #c ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 salt4 ,gold ,yell[4--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,dianil yell[ ,g1 #a_/b lb4 soda & #ae lb4 salt4 ,buff ,yell[4--,dye ) #c-a_/b oz4 ,dianil yell[ #b ,r1 #a_/b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 salt4 ,orange4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,*loroph59e orange ,r1 #bj lb4 common salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r2 lift1 r9se & dry4 ,r$ ,orange4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,mikado orange #d ,r & #be lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,orange4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,mikado orange ,g & #be lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,pale ,orange4--,! dye-ba? conta9s #f oz4 ,diam9e ,orange ,g1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a_/d oz4 ,diam9e sc>let ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,olive ,yell[4--,dye ) #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a oz4 ,oxydiam9e black ,n1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,orange4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,columbia orange ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,bright ,orange4--,use #c lb4 ,congo orange ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,pale ,orange4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil orange #b ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,brilliant ,orange4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,dianil orange ,g & #bj lb4 salt = "o h\r4 ,deep ,orange4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,oxydiam9e orange ,r1 #c_/d lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt = an h\r4 ,pale ,orange4--,dye ) #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,bright ,orange4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,b5zo orange ,r1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,*rysam9e ,r1 #aj lb4 phosphate ( soda & #b lb4 soap4 ,gre54--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,b5zo gre5 ,g1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] lukew>m1 br+ sl[ly to ! boil1 dye = "o h\r at ! boil4 ,russian ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #af oz4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #d oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #c lb4 soda1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,olive4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #c-a_/b lb4 ,b5zo olive1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,o1 #b lb4 ,diam9e yell[1 #bj lb4 common salt1 #b lb4 soap4 ,! goods are ent]$ into ! ba? at #afj ,f41 !n heat is rais$ to ! boil1 & ! dye+ cont9u$ = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,olive4--,dye 9 a ba? ( #b lb4 ,titan yell[ ,y1 #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,y1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e blue #c ,b1 #b lb4 soda4 ,"w = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,olive4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #ae lb4 phosphate ( soda1 #c lb4 soap1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e yell[ ,n1 #d oz4 ,diam9e blue #c ,b1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,v4 ,dye at ! boil to %ade2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,gre5 ,olive4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #a lb4 ,*rysam9e1 #a_/d lb4 ,b5zo br[n1 #e lb4 soda1 #e lb4 salt1 #b lb4 soap4 ,! goods are ent]$ at ab\t #ahj ,f4 & work$ = a %ort "t1 !n ! temp]ature is rais$ to ! boil1 & ! goods are work$ = "o h\r1 lift$1 wa%$ & dri$4 ,res$a4--,prep>e a ba? ) #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soap1 #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #b lb4 ,diam9e yell[ ,n4 ,ent] at #abj ,f41 heat to boil & dye = "o h\r at t temp]ature2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,sage ,gre54--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #b lb4 ,diam9e yell[ ,n4 ,ent] at ab\t #aej ,f4 & !n raise to boil & dye boil+ = "o h\r1 wa% & dry4 ,drab4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 ,cross dye drab1 #e lb4 soda cry/als4 ,ent] at ! boil & "w at ?is temp]ature = half an h\r4 ,:il/ dye+ add gradually #ge lb4 salt4 ,r9se well & dry4 ,olive4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,dianil olive1 #e lb4 phosphate ( soda1 #e lb4 common salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,olive4--,! dye+ is done 9 a ba? conta9+ #d oz4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #e lb4 soda1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,grass ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,*rysam9e ,g1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,b5zo azur9e ,g1 #c lb4 soap & #aj lb4 borax1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,titan yell[ ,y1 #a lb4 ,titan blue #c ,b & #bj lb4 salt4 ,bright ,grass ,gre54--,dye = an h\r at ! boil ) #a lb4 ,sulphon azur9e ,d1 #b lb4 ,?iazole yell[ & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,gre54--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e gre5 ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,d>k ,gre54--,dye ) #c lb4 ,diam9e d>k gre5 ,n1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,gre54--,use 9 ! ba? #c lb4 ,b5zo gre5 ,b ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,sea ,gre54--,dye ) #e oz4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #c oz4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 #c oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,pale ,gre54--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #b oz4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,bright ,pea ,gre54--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #a oz4 ,?i(lav9e ,s1 #a_/d oz4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,gre54--,use #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e gre5 ,g1 #c_/d lb4 ,oxydiam9e yell[ ,g ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,gre54--,use #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e gre5 ,g1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e yell[ ,g ,g1 #c lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,sea ,gre54--,use #b oz4 ,dianil yell[ ,r1 #b-a_/b oz4 ,dianil blue ,b1 #a-c_/d oz4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #a lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil4 ,leaf ,gre54--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,dianil yell[ #c ,g1 #a lb4 ,dianil blue ,b1 #aa oz4 ,dianil blue #b ,r1 #c lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,gre54--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,dianil yell[ #c ,g1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,dianil blue #b ,r1 #f oz4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #c lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,gre5s are l>gely produc$ by mix+ yell[s & blues toge!r z w be se5 f ! recipes giv5 above2 ! p>ticul> %ade ( gre5 :i* is got f a comb9ation ( blue & gre5 dep5ds ^u ! quality ( ! dye-/uffs us$3 ?us1 to produce bright gre5s ( a pure tone1 x is ess5tial t ! yell[ us$ %all h a gre5i% tone l ,?i(lav9e ,s1 ,?iazole yell[1 or ,dianil yell[ #c ,g1 :ile ! blue mu/ also h a gre5i% tone l ,diam9e sky blue1 ,b5zo blue #c ,b1 etc4 ,by us+ yell[s l ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,r1 & d>k blues l ,b5zo azur9e #c ,r1 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 ! gre5 :i* is got is d>k] & dull] 9 tone4 ,! addition ( su* a dye z ,diam9e black ,b ,h ?r[s ! %ade m on to an olive1 :ile a br[n dye-/uff1 l ,diam9e br[n ,m1 or an orange dye1 l ,titan orange ,n1 ?r[s ! gre5 on to a sage tone4 ,examples ( ^! effects w be f\nd among ! recipes giv5 above4 ,x may be add$ "h t by us+ small] quantities1 b 9 ! same proportions z giv5 9 ! above recipes1 a great range ( t9ts & %ades ( gre5 c be dy$ f v pale to v deep4 ,bright ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,congo blue #b ,b1 #e lb4 salt1 #e lb4 phosphate ( soda1 #b lb4 soap4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n r9se & dry4 ,d>k ,navy4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #b lb4 ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 #h lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soap4 ,ent] ! cotton at #ahj ,f41 & boil = "o h\r4 ,pale ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 salt1 #c lb4 soda1 #c oz4 diam9e blue #c ,r4 ,"w = "o h\r at ! boil1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,sky ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,titan como ,g1 #bj lb4 common salt1 #b oz4 acetic acid4 ,"w at ! boil = half an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,bright ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,*icago blue #f ,b1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #c lb4 soap4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,pale ,sky ,blue4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a oz4 ,*icago blue #f ,b1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soap4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,sky ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #a lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9]al blue ,r1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e deep black ,cr1 #a lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil1 #dj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,triam9e black ,b1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 9 #ej gallons ( wat]4 ,ent] at #aej ,f41 & boil = "o h\r4 ,all[ ! goods to rema9 until ! wat] is cold1 :5 ! dye-ba? w be completely exhau/$4 ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,diam9e /eel blue ,l1 #b lb4 soda1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,diam9e blue ,b ,g1 #b lb4 soda1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,9 %ade ?is is v simil> to t got ) ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 :i* h[ev] %\ld be us$ = light %ades on acc\nt ( its brightness4 ,= deep %ades ,diam9e blue ,b ,g1 is pref]able1 because ( its great] t9ctorial p[]4 ,light ,indigo ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,p>am9e indigo blue1 #b lb4 soda1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] at ab\t #aej ,f41 & dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,navy ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,p>am9e navy blue ,r1 #b lb4 soda1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] at ab\t #aej ,f41 & dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,p>am9e navy blue ,r1 #b lb4 soda1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] at ab\t #aej ,f41 & dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,navy ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,b5zo *rome black blue ,b1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #c lb4 soda4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r2 lift1 r9se & dry4 ,grey ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,p>am9e blue black ,s1 #b lb4 soda1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] at #aej ,f41 & dye = "o h\r at boil4 ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,p>am9e blue ,b1 #b lb4 soda1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] at ab\t #aej ,f41 & dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,slate ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #c_/d oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #b lb4 soda1 & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil to %ade4 ,deep ,blue4--,use #c-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e blue ,b ,x1 #a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,n1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,blue4--,dye at ! boil = "o h\r ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e sky blue1 #b oz4 ,diam9e gre5 ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,navy4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #h oz4 ,dianil black ,c ,r1 #e lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,navy4--,use #b lb4 ,dianil blue ,b1 #b lb4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #c_/d lb4 ,dianil black ,c ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,blue4--,dye ) #c-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e blue black ,e1 #e lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,blue4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,zambesi black ,b ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,navy4--,use #c lb4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #c lb4 cau/ic soda #gj ,tw41 & #be lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,violet ,blue4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil d>k blue #c ,r & #be lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,bright ,blue4--,use #a lb4 ,dianil blue ,b1 & #bj lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,full ,blue4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,brilliant azur9e #e ,g1 #e lb4 common salt1 #e lb4 phosphate ( soda & #b lb4 soap at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,blue4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,erie blue ,b ,x1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,pale ,blue4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,*icago blue #f ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,blue4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,a1 #b lb4 ,diam9e deep blue ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,blue4--,dye ) #f oz4 ,diam9e blue #c ,b1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,navy4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,diam9e new blue ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,navy4--,dye ) #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9]al blue ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,sky ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #f oz4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,blue4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,triam9e black ,b ,t1 & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 "w at ! boil to %ade4 ,blue4--,use #b lb4 ,direct indigo blue & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 "w at ! boil4 ,bright ,blue4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,titan como ,s ,n1 #b lb4 acetic acid & #bj lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,turquoise ,blue4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e sky blue1 #a oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,d>k ,navy4--,use #d lb4 ,titan navy ,r1 & #bj lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,gre5 ,blue4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,dianil blue ,g1 #b-a_/b oz4 ,dianil yell[ ,g1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,_m m =mul c\ld h be5 giv51 b ! above w p]haps suffice2 !y include all ! be/ ( ! direct blues4 ,pal] t9ts ( blue may be got by us+ f #a to #b p] c5t4 ( any ( ^! blues & also ( ! _m direct blacks n[ on ! m>ket4 ,! direct blues z a rule h a good degree ( fa/ness to light4 ,lilac4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a_/d lb4 ,hessian br[n #b ,m1 #a oz4 ,azo mauve ,a ,m1 #a lb4 soap1 #b lb4 soda1 #aj lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,plum4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,d>k ,plum4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil4 ,violet4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #c_/d lb4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & dye at ! boil to %ade4 ,violet4--,dye ) #ab oz4 ,dianil blue #d ,r1 #b oz4 ,dianil blue ,b & #aj lb4 salt at ! boil4 ,lilac4--,dye ) #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e rose ,g ,d1 #c_/d oz4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil to %ade4 ,r$ ,violet4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil4 ,r$ ,violet4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,bright ,r$ ,lilac4--,dye ) #a-c_/d lb4 ,erika ,b ,n1 #d oz4 ,*icago blue #d ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil4 ,grey ,lilac4--,dye ) #ab oz4 ,neutral grey ,g1 #c oz4 erika ,b ,n1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,pale ,lilac4--,dye ) #b-a_/b oz4 ,dianil cl>et ,b1 #b-a_/b oz4 ,dianil blue #d ,r1 & #aj lb4 salt4 ,light ,plum4--,dye ) #aj oz4 ,dianil cl>et ,b1 #aj oz4 ,dianil blue & #bj lb4 salt4 ,dull ,lilac4--,dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,heliotrope4--,dye ) #d oz4 ,heliotrope #b ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,plum4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,congo ,cor9? ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dull ,violet4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #a-a_/b lb4 ,*icago blue #d ,r1 #ad oz4 ,erika ,b ,n1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,r$ ,lilac4--,dye ) #f oz4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,g1 #b oz4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,violet4--,dye ) #c oz4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 #b oz4 diam9e blue #c ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,fawn ,drab4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,ca*\ de laval1 #a_/d oz4 ,b5zo purpur9e ,b4 ,ent] ! cotton into ?is ba? 9 ! cold & heat to ! boil1 tak+ ab\t "o h\r = ! op]ation1 !n add #d lb4 common salt & boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r long]2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,pale ,olive ,br[n4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #a lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #a oz4 ,cotton br[n ,n1 #c oz4 ,diam9e gold1 #e lb4 soda1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,r$ ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a-c_/d lb4 ,cotton yell[1 #d lb4 ,hessian br[n #b ,b ,n1 #b lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #a lb4 soda1 #b lb4 salt4 ,ent] ! goods at #ahj ,f41 !n raise to ! boil & "w to ! %ade2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,br[n ,drab4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a_/d lb4 ,cotton br[n ,n1 #c_/d oz4 ,diam9e yell[ ,n1 #c_/d oz4 ,diam9e black ,b ,o1 #ae lb4 phosphate ( soda1 #c lb4 soap4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,gold ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #af-a_/d oz4 ,toluyl5e orange ,g1 #i-a_/b oz4 ,toluyl5e orange ,r1 #d-c_/d oz4 azo mauve1 #b-a_/b lb4 soap1 #e lb4 soda4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,*e/nut ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 common salt1 #b lb4 ,b5zo br[n ,g1 #a_/b lb4 ,b5zo azur9e ,g1 #a_/b lb4 ,*rysoph59e4 ,ent] ! goods at #aej ,f41 raise to ! boil & dye boil+ = "o h\r4 ,purple ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 common salt1 #b lb4 ,b5zo br[n ,n ,b1 #a lb4 ,azo violet4 ,ent] ! cotton at #aej ,f41 raise to ! boil & dye boil+ = an h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #e lb4 soda1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #ab oz4 ,*rysam9e1 #a oz4 ,b5zo purpur9e1 #f-a_/d oz4 ,b5zo azur9e4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r1 r9se & dry4 ,! br[n ?us got is fa/ to wa%+4 ,d>k ,*e/nut ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 salt1 #c lb4 ,b5zo br[n ,n ,b ,x1 raise to #aej ,f41 ent] goods1 heat to boil1 & "w = "o h\r2 lift1 r9se & dry4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #bj oz4 ,glaub]'s salt p] gallon ( wat] us$1 #b-a_/b lb4 soap1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #b lb4 ,cotton br[n ,n4 ,ent] ! y>n at #ahj ,f41 give ?ree turns1 raise temp]ature to boil1 & "w to %ade2 lift1 r9se & wa%4 ,gold ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,titan gold1 #ej lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = ?irty m9utes1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,! dye-ba? is n exhau/$1 only ab\t #c lb4 ( ! col\r be+ tak5 up by ! cotton4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be kept = fur!r lots1 add+ #c lb4 m col\r & ab\t #bj lb4 m salt = ea* bat* ( cotton1 or if x is n desir$ to keep ! ba?1 add less col\r to />t )1 & t[>ds ! end ( ! op]ation add m salt4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,p>am9e br[n ,g1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,light ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 #c lb4 soda1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,b1 #c lb4 soda1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,drab4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,titan br[n ,y1 #c oz4 ,columbia gre51 #cb-c_/d oz4 ,diam9e bronze1 #ag lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,pale ,br[n4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #b lb4 ,mikado orange #d ,r1 #c oz4 ,b5zo fa/ grey1 #cj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 a% & dry4 ,gold ,br[n4--,make a dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,titan gold1 #ej lb4 common salt4 ,ent] at ! boil1 "w = an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,keep ! ba? = ano!r lot ( goods2 x w only require ! addition ( ab\t #ad oz4 ( col\r & #aj lb4 salt4 ,buff ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #c_/d lb4 ,titan gold1 #a_/d lb4 ,titan br[n ,r1 #e oz4 ,titan blue #c ,b1 #dj lb4 common salt4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,deep ,*e/nut ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,titan br[n ,r1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,titan blue ,r1 #be lb4 common salt4 ,"w at ! boil = an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,light ,seal ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 salt1 #b lb4 soda1 #ad oz4 ,oxyph59e1 #c_/d lb4 ,atlas r$ ,r1 #f oz4 ,diam9e blue ,b ,x4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,orange ,br[n4--,make a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 salt1 #b lb soda1 #ad oz4 ,oxyph59e1 #a lb4 ,atlas r$ ,r1 #a oz4 ,diam9e blue ,b ,x4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,pale ,nut ,br[n4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #d-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 #a oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #a oz4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,walnut ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #c oz4 ,diam9e orange ,g1 #b oz4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,black ,br[n4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e blue black ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil4 ,r$di% ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,dianil br[n ,r1 #e lb4 salt & #e lb4 phosphate ( soda at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,*ocolate ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,dianil br[n ,t1 #e lb4 phosphate ( soda & #e lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,dianil d>k br[n1 #e lb4 salt & #e lb4 phosphate ( soda at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,light ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,br[n4--,dye ) #b-a_/d lb4 ,cotton br[n ,n1 #d oz4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,walnut ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #c-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #f oz4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,b1 #f oz4 ,diam9e r$ #e ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 "w at ! boil4 ,d>k ,*e/nut ,br[n4--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,dianil br[n ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt at ! boil4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,dianil br[n #c ,g ,o1 #b lb4 ,dianil br[n ,b ,d1 #a lb4 ,dianil r$ #d ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,mikado br[n ,m & #be lb4 salt2 "w ! cotton 9 ?is at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,nut ,br[n4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #b-a_/b lb4 ,b5zo br[n ,g & #ae lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,b5zo br[n ,n ,b & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,diph5yl br[n ,b ,n1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #d lb4 soap1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,black ,br[n4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #b-a_/b lb4 ,dianil br[n #c ,g ,o1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,dianil br[n ,g1 #c_/d lb4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,brilliant orange ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil to %ade4 ,gold ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,curcum9e ,s1 #a lb4 ,columbia orange ,r1 #e oz4 ,columbia black ,f ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil4 ,d>k ,*e/nut4--,dye at ! boil ) #b lb4 ,columbia ,orange ,r1 #h oz4 ,columbia black ,f ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,sage ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #a lb4 ,curcum9e ,s1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e orange ,g ,d1 #c lb4 soda & #cj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil4 ,deep ,br[n4--,dye #c-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #c_/d lb4 ,oxydiam9e orange ,g1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil4 ,*e/nut4--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,g1 #c_/d lb4 ,oxydiam9e orange ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,pale ,walnut ,br[n4--,dye ) #c-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #c_/d lb4 ,oxydiam9e orange ,g1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,v>i\s o!r br[ns may be obta9$ by comb9+ ! v>i\s direct br[ns toge!r or ) o!r direct dyes4 ,! use ( a yell[ or orange w bright5 !m2 t ( a r$ w r$d5 ! %ade2 ! addition ( a d>k blue or a black w d>k5 ! %ade consid]ably4 ,x may be useful to rememb] t a comb9ation ( r$1 orange & blue or black produces a br[n1 & by us+ v>i\s proportions a great range ( %ades c be dy$4 ,black4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #f lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #b oz4 ,?i(lav9e ,s1 #b lb4 soap1 #aj lb4 salt4 ,ent] ! cotton at ! boil & dye = "o h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,direct deep black ,e extra1 & #a_/b to #a-a_/b oz4 common salt p] gallon ( wat]4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e deep black ,r ,b1 #b lb4 soda1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,direct triam9e black ,g ,x1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye = "o h\r at ! boil2 lift1 r9se & dry4 ,9 work+ = f two to ?ree h\rs ! dye-ba? w exhau/ completely4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,a1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #f lb4 ,pluto black ,b4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r ) ! addition ( #c_/d to #a-a_/d oz4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #a_/b to #c_/d oz4 soda a% p] gallon ( liquor4 ,to develop ! %ade x is necess>y to dye 9 a boil+ liquor4 ,black4--,use #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e jet black ,cr1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e jet black ,r ,b1 #b lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,black4--,use #f lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,n ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,black4--,use #f lb4 ,columbia ,black ,f ,b ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,besides ! blacks giv5 9 ! above recipes1 !re are o!r br&s :i* are us$ 9 ! same way1 & v>y slightly 9 ! %ade ( black !y give4 ,all ! direct blacks require work+ 9 /rong ba?s to give any?+ l black %ades2 !y all h1 m or less1 a blui% tone1 :i* c be *ang$ to a jett] %ade by ! addition ( a yell[ or gre5 dye 9 small proportions1 :i* has be5 done 9 "o ( ! recipes giv5 above4 ,by c\pl+1 *rom+ or develop+1 ! direct blacks c be made to give full1 deep & fa/ blacks1 & examples ( _! use 9 ?is mann] w be f\nd 9 foll[+ sections4 ,by us+ all ! direct blacks 9 proportions v>y+ f #a_/d to #a p] c5t4 ( dye-/uff to ! weight ( ! cotton !y give greys ( v>i\s t9ts & dep?s2 a few examples ( su* greys w n[ be giv54 ,blue ,grey4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,a1 #a lb4 soda1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,bright ,grey4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #d-a_/b oz4 ,azo mauve ,a ,m1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,direct yell[ ,g1 #c lb4 soda1 #ae lb4 common salt4 ,silv] ,grey4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a_/b oz4 ,neutral grey ,g1 #aj lb4 sulphate ( soda4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,slate4--,dye 9 a ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #c oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,bronze ,grey4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #c lb4 soap4 ,ent] at ab\t #afj ,f41 raise to boil & "w = "o h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,slate4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #a-a_/b lb4 soap1 #a lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #b lb4 ,cotton br[n ,n4 ,heat to ab\t #aej ,f4 ,ent] ! goods1 "w = a %ort "t1 !n raise to ! boil & "w = "o h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,gre5 ,grey4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #a lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #c_/d oz4 ,?i(lav9e ,s4 ,ent] at f #aej ,tw4 to #ahj ,f41 raise to boil & dye = "o h\r2 wa% & dry4 ,light ,slate4--,prep>e a dye-ba? conta9+ #b-a_/d lb4 soap1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #f oz4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #a_/b oz4 ?i(lav9e ,s4 ,ent] cotton at #adj ,f41 "w a little1 !n heat to boil & dye to %ade2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,grey4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e grey ,g1 #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e sc>let ,b1 #a lb4 soda1 #a lb4 soap1 #e lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye = "o h\r at ! boil4 ,light ,grey4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,diam9e grey ,g1 #a lb4 soda1 #a lb4 soap1 #e lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye = "o h\r at ! boil2 lift1 r9se & dry4 ,x may be conv5i5t "h to deal ) ! "q ( ! fa/ness ( ! direct dyes to su* influ5ces z light1 air1 acids1 alkalies1 wa%+ & soap+1 t h a v mat]ial influ5ce on ! use ( ^! dyes 9 dye+ v>i\s fabrics4 ,?is matt] c only be dealt ) "h 9 v g5]al t]ms1 = space is limit$ & ! dyes are too num]\s = detail$ m5tion4 ,!y v>y v greatly 9 degrees ( fa/ness1 "s are absolutely fa/ to all influ5ces2 ! blacks are among ! fa/e/1 g5]ally ^! resi/ wa%+ & soap+1 /& acids well & are fa/ to alkalies1 light h[ev] affects !m m or less1 ?\gh !y _c be reckon$ fugitive col\rs4 ,! few direct gre5s kn[n are good col\rs2 !y /& wa%+1 soap+ & light well1 b !y are affect$ by acids & alkalies4 ,! blues v>y v mu*1 g5]ally !y /& soap+ & h a fair degree ( fa/ness to light1 acids h b little action1 alkalies t5d to r$d5 ! %ade1 :ile heat also affects !m4 ,! direct br[ns are v v>iable2 !y are 9 g5]al n fa/ to light2 !y /& wa%+ & soap+ & resi/ alkalies1 b are alt]$ by acids slightly4 ,! yell[s rank among ! fa/e/ ( col\rs to light & wa%+ & soap+2 acids h b little effect2 !y are r$d5$ by alkalies4 ,among ! r$s !re is great v>iation 9 prop]ties1 g5]ally !y are n fa/ to light1 /&+ wa%+ & soap+ well & resi/+ weak alkalies2 "s ( !m1 su* z ! ,b5zo purpur9es & ,congo r$s are v s5sitive to acids1 be+ turn$ blue ) v weak acids1 b on wa%+ or soap+ ! orig9al col\r comes back2 o!rs1 l ! ,titan r$s1 ,diam9e r$s & ,delta purpur9es are n s s5sitive1 b ^! are affect$ by mod]ately /rong acids2 !re are "o or two r$s l ,b5zo fa/ sc>let #d ,b ,s & ,purpuram9e ,d ,h1 :i* are fa/ to acids4 ,! dep? ( %ade :i* is dy$ has "s consid]able influ5ce on ! degree ( fa/ness1 ! deep] %ades ( a col\r are always fa/] ?an ! pal] %ades1 p>ticul>ly z reg>ds light1 a diff]5ce ( #a_/b p] c5t1 ( dye-/uff has be5 kn[n to make a v appreciable degree ( diff]5ce z reg>ds ! fa/ness ( a col\r to light4 ,9 dye+ cotton ) all ! direct dyes1 x is f\nd t ! :ole ( ! dye-/uff is n remov$ f ! dye-ba?1 h[ mu* is tak5 up by ! cotton1 & ! dep? ( ! %ade :i* is dy$ ^u ! cotton *iefly dep5ds ^u ?ree factors3-- 7#a7 ,volume ( wat] us$4 7#b7 ,quantity ( sal9e salts us$4 7#c7 ,degree ( aff9ity ( ! dye-/uff = ! fibre4 ,!re may also be "s m9or factors su* z temp]ature at :i* ! dye+ is c>ri$ on1 ! "* & condition ( ! fabrics be+ dy$1 etc4 ,! volume ( wat] us$ 9 mak+ ! dye-ba? has a v great influ5ce ^u ! am\nt ( dye tak5 up by ! cotton1 ! great] ! volume ( wat] ! less dye is absorb$ & ! pal] ! col\r :i* is produc$ ^u ! fibre4 ,x is !re=e important to use z little wat] z possible 9 mak+ up ! dye-ba?1 inde$1 = any?+ l good results to be obta9$ ) "s dyes1 especially ^? ( ! sulphur s]ies l ,vidal black1 ,imm$ial blacks1 ,katig5 br[ns1 ,cross-dye blacks1 ,amidazol blacks1 etc41 x is necess>y to employ :at is call$ a %ort ba?1 t is mak+ x z /rong z possible4 ,! proportion ( wat] ) su* dyes %\ld n exce$ fifte5 times ! weight ( ! cotton be+ dy$1 t is1 = e p\nd ( cotton1 #a-a_/b gallons ( wat] c be all[$4 ,?is w suit ! dye+ ( y>ns & loose fabrics l knitt$ /ock+s & hosi]y goods v well4 ,9 ! case ( dye+ piece goods on a jigg] or cont9u\s dye+ ma*9es ev5 /rong] liquors c be us$ ) advantage4 ,) "s ( ! old]1 direct dyes l ,congo r$1 ,b5zo azur9e1 ,diam9e sc>lets1 ! proportion ( wat] may be increas$ to tw5ty times ! weight ( ! cotton4 ,9 any case ! quantity ( wat] us$ %\ld n exce$ tw5ty-five times ! weight ( ! cotton4 ,! second factor1 ! quantity ( sal9e salts1 l ,glaub]'s salt1 soda1 borax1 etc41 add$ 9 ! dye+1 is n )\t influ5ce1 g5]ally ! m t is add$ ! m dye !re is left 9 ! ba?1 b "h aga9 mu* dep5ds ^u ! salt & ! col\r+ matt]s us$4 ,"s salts1 m p>ticul>ly ,glaub]'s salt & common salt1 t5d to ?r[ "s dye-/uffs out ( ! ba?1 & s ! m !re is us$ ( !m ! deep] ! %ade produc$ on ! fabric4 ,x is q impossible1 hav+ reg>d to ! scope ( ?is book1 to deal ) ?is "q 9 detail4 ,! dy] %\ld asc]ta9 = himself ! be/ salts & ! be/ proportions ( ^! to use ) ! p>ticul> dyes he is us+4 ,! recipes giv5 above w give him "s ideas on ?is po9t4 ,! ?ird factor1 ! degree ( aff9ity ( ! dye = ! cotton fibre1 has "s influ5ce on ! dep? ( %ade :i* c be dy$ f any giv5 /r5g? ( ! dye-ba?4 ,!re is a v consid]able diff]5ce among ! direct dyes 9 ?is respect4 ,!re are "s :i* h a fair degree ( aff9ity1 :ile !re are o!rs :i* h b little aff9ity1 & :ile 9 ! =m] case !re is little dye left 9 ! ba?1 9 ! latt] case !re is a good deal4 ,:5 dye+ pla9 %ades ) s+le dye-/uffs ?is is n ( mu* mom5t1 because if ! ba? be kept = fur!r use1 z w be spok5 ( pres5tly1 ! ba? may be br\ght up to its orig9al /r5g? by add+ a proportionate am\nt ( dye-/uff1 b :5 comp\nd %ades are be+ dy$1 us+ two or m dyes1 !n ?is feature has "s influ5ce1 = !y w n be absorb$ by ! fibre 9 ! same proportion z !y 7 put 9 ! ba?1 & s :5 mak+ up ! dye-ba? = ! second lot1 & add+ ! same proportion ( dyes1 ! %ade :i* is produc$ w n be q ! same1 = ! fir/ lot ( cotton 9 tak+ up ! dyes 9 v>y+ quantities has alt]$ _! relative proportions1 & s ! ba? = ! second lot ( cotton w actually conta9 m ( "o dye ?an did ! fir/ ba?1 & ! influ5ce ( ?is excess ( ! "o con/itu5t w %[ itself 9 ! %ade ultimately dy$4 ,! m lots ( cotton !re are dy$ 9 ! ba? ! great] w ?is influ5ce be4 ,! dy] mu/ by practical exp]i5ce f9d out = himself 9 :at direction ?is feature ( ! direct dyes ex]ts its influ5ce on ! p>ticul> dyes he is work+ ) & make due all[ance4 ,x is f\nd 9 practice t f "o-f\r? to "o-half ( ! orig9al weight ( dye-/uff is left 9 ! ba?1 & 9 ord] to be z economical z possible a cu/om has aris5 ( keep+ ! ba? & us+ x aga9 = dye+ fur!r lots ( cotton4 ,9 ?us mak+ a cont9u\s use ( dye-ba?s x is important 9 prep>+ ! ba?s = ! next lot ( cotton to add fir/ ! requisite quantities ( dye-/uffs1 h[ mu* w dep5d ^u ! factors & conditions already detail$1 b f "o-half to ?ree-f\r?s ( ! orig9al quantities are add$4 ,practical exp]i5ce alone is ! guide to be foll[$4 ,hav+ add$ ! dye-/uff1 !n suffici5t wat] mu/ be add$ to br+ up ! volume ( ! ba? to ! prop] am\nt1 = x w h lo/ "s4 ,! loss ( wat] arises f two s\rces3 fir/ !re is ! evaporation1 :i* always occurs :5 dye-ba?s are heat$ up1 &1 second1 !re is ! me*anical loss due to its absorption by ! mat]ial :i* is be+ dy$4 ,:5 a piece ( cotton or o!r textile fabric is imm]s$ 9 a dye liquor x absorbs me*anically "s ( x1 & ?is am\nt may be r\ghly put d[n z ab\t its own weight2 ?us #ajj lb4 weight ( cotton w take up #aj gallons ( liquor & c>ry t quantity out ( ! ba?4 ,to "s ext5t ?is may be m9imis$ by a previ\s wett+ out ( ! cotton1 :i* w !n h 9 x z mu* liquor z x w take up1 & s practically no m w be tak5 up f ! dye-ba?4 ,any loss ( volume :i* may ?us occur c be rem$i$ by ! addition ( wat]4 ,! dye-ba?s conta9+ 9 solution1 9 addition to ! dye-/uff1 salt1 or ,glaub]'s salt1 or any o!r add$ sub/ance1 ! cotton 9 tak+ up ! dye liquor w ( c\rse take up "s ( ^! 9 proportion to ! volume ( liquor absorb$4 ,! am\nt may range f #d oz4 to #a lb4 p] gallon ( liquor1 & if #ajj lb4 cotton is be+ dy$ & takes up f #aj to #ae gallons ( liquor1 x is obvi\s t x mu/ absorb f #c to #aj lb4 ( sal9e matt]1 & z ! sal9ity ( ! dye liquor is ( "s importance 9 dye+ direct col\rs1 9 mak+ up ! ba? = ! next lot ( cotton ?is mu/ be all[$ = & suitable additions made4 ,9 ord] to d ?is prop]ly x is a good plan to rely ^u ! ,twaddell4 ,! dy] %\ld take ! ,twaddell ( 8 ba? be=e use & always make up 8 ba?s to t /r5g?4 ,?is w be f\nd to range f #c to #ab ,tw4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 a dye-ba? made f #abj gallons ( wat] ) #bj lb4 to #be lb4 common salt or ,glaub]'s salt ) ! dye-/uffs w /& at #d ,tw41 "o made ) #ej lb4 common salt or ,glaub]'s salt at #h ,tw41 :ile "o :i* is made ) #hj lb4 to #ajj lb4 salt w /& at #ab to #ac ,tw4 ,if ! dy] always ma9ta9s 8 liquors at "o uni=m degree ,twaddell he c inv>iably dep5d ^u gett+ uni=m %ades f 8 dye-ba?s4 ,?is uni=m /r5g? is atta9$ by add+ m salt or m wat] z ! case may require4 ,( c\rse ! cont9u\s work+ ( dye-ba?s _c g on = ev]2 soon] or lat] ! ba?s become ?ick & dirty1 & !n !y mu/ be ?r[n away & a new ba? />t$4 7#b7 ,,direct ,,dye+ ,,foll[$ ,,by ,,fixation ,,) ,,metallic ,,salts4 ,x is an ackn[l$g$ pr9ciple 9 dye+ t to produce col\rs fa/ to wa%+1 soap+ & rubb+1 !re mu/ be produc$ on ! fibre an insoluble col\r$ sub/ance4 ,n[ z ! direct dyes d n ess5tially produce su* insoluble bodies :5 dy$ on ! cotton1 ! col\rs !y =m are n always fa/ to wa%+ & soap+4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$1 h[ev]1 t "s ( ! direct dyes1 e4g41 ,b5zo azur9e1 ,*icago blue1 ,cate*u br[ns1 ,diam9e blues1 ,diam9e br[ns1 etc41 are capable ( unit+ ) metallic bodies to =m insoluble col\r lakes1 & ?is comb9ation c take place on ! fibre4 ,fa/ %ades may be dy$ ) ! dye-/uffs nam$ above1 & ) o!rs ( ?is gr\p1 by fir/ dye+ !m 9 ! usual way1 !n pass+ ?r\gh a boil+ ba? conta9+ bi*romate ( pota% or copp] sulphate1 ei!r toge!r or sep>ately4 ,! two fix+ ag5ts "h nam$ h be5 f\nd to be ! be/1 al?\gh o!rs1 z1 = in/ance1 z9c sulphate1 *romium fluoride & iron sulphate h be5 tri$4 ,) "s dyes !re is little or no alt]ation 9 %ade1 b 9 o!rs !re is "s *ange1 ?us ! blues z a rule t5d to become gre5] 9 tone1 & br[ns also t5d to acquire a gre5] tone & deep] %ade4 ,! treat$ %ades ?us obta9$ are notable = consid]able fa/ness to wa%+1 soap+ & light4 ,x is to be not$ t bi*romate ( pota% ex]cises bo? a fix+ & an oxidis+ action on dye-/uffs1 h5ce x is ne$ful to use x ) "s degree ( caution & n 9 too great an am\nt1 o!rwise ) "s dyes !re is a risk ( ov]-oxidation1 & 9 consequ5ce poor %ades w be develop$4 ,! foll[+ recipes w s]ve to %[ :at dyes may ?us be us$1 & ! col\rs t c be obta9$ ) !m4 ,d>k ,r$4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e fa/ r$ ,f1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 r9se & pass into a boil+ ba? conta9+ #c lb4 fluoride ( *romium = t5 to fifte5 m9utes1 !n lift1 r9se & dry4 ,by us+ #a lb4 ( ! dye-/uff 9 ! same way a light r$ %ade is got4 ,orange4--,dye at ! boil = "o h\r ) #a lb4 ,*rysam9e ,g1 #c lb4 soap & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n r9se & fix 9 a fre% boil+ ba? ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,yell[4--,dye ) #c-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e yell[ ,n1 #c lb4 soap & #ae lb4 phosphate ( soda1 !n fix ) #d lb4 fluoride ( *romium4 ,gold ,yell[4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,b5zo *rome br[n #e ,g1 #a lb4 soda a%1 #ab lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r & r9se4 ,?is gives an orange br[n4 ,to get ! yell[ %ade1 aft]w>ds *rome ) #c lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #c lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 #a lb4 acetic acid1 9 a fre% ba?4 ,ent] at ab\t #acj ,f41 br+ to ! boil1 & boil = half an h\r4 ,pale ,leaf ,gre54--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil yell[ #c ,g1 #a lb4 ,dianil yell[ ,r1 #a lb4 ,dianil blue ,g1 & #bj lb4 salt1 !n fix ) #c lb4 copp] sulphate & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,leaf ,gre54--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil yell[ #c ,g1 #c lb4 ,dianil blue ,g1 & #bj lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #d lb4 copp] sulphate & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,gre54--,dye ) #b lb4 ,dianil yell[ ,r1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #c lb4 copp] sulphate4 ,pale ,olive ,gre54--,dye ) #b-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g2 fix ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,russia ,gre54--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #aj oz4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,blue ,gre54--,dye ) #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #f oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,bronze ,gre54--,use 9 ! ba? at ! boil #d lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n fix ) #d lb4 fluoride ( *romium4 ,pea ,gre54--,dye 9 a boil+ ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #b-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n fix 9 a fre% ba? ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,leaf ,gre54--,dye at ! boil = "o h\r 9 a ba? conta9+ #b-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #g oz4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n fix 9 a new ba? ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,light ,gre54--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #g-a_/d oz4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #e-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n treat 9 a fre% ba? ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp]4 ,olive ,gre54--,dye ) #b-a_/d lb4 ,*icago blue ,r ,w1 #ae oz4 ,*rysam9e ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,pea ,gre54--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,*rysoph59e ,g1 #a lb4 ,*icago blue #f ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n fix 9 a fre% boil+ ba? ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,gre54--,dye ) #b-c_/d lb4 ,*icago blue #f ,b1 #e oz4 ,*rysam9e ,g1 #b lb4 soap & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,gre54--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e gre5 ,b1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #a lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 r9se & fix 9 a fre% boil+ ba? ) #c lb4 fluoride ( *romium = "o to fifte5 m9utes4 ,d>k ,bronze4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 r9se & fix ) #c lb4 fluoride ( *romium z above4 ,d>k ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,b5zo blue ,r ,w1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 dye = "o h\r at ! boil1 !n treat 9 fre% ba? ) #a lb4 sulphate ( copp] at ! boil = half an h\r4 ,blue4--,dye ) #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix 9 a ba? ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,light ,navy4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 #b-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #bj lb4 acetic acid4 ,bright ,navy4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,blue4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,*icago blue ,r ,w1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,blue4--- ,dye ) #c lb4 ,*icago blue ,r ,w1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,zambesi black ,f1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,deep ,slate ,blue4--,dye ) #a-a_/d lb4 ,zambesi black ,f1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,*icago blue ,b1 #f oz4 ,columbia yell[1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,light ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b oz4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #c_/d oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #a_/b lb4 soda1 #b lb4 soap & #e lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 dye = "o h\r at ! boil1 !n treat 9 a fre% ba? ) #a-a_/b lb4 sulphate ( copp] = half an h\r4 ,d>k ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,b5zo *rome black blue ,b1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #c lb4 soda4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n *rome 9 a fre% ba? ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #a lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a_/b lb4 sulphuric acid4 ,d>k ,blue4--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9]al blue ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,turquoise ,blue4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,*icago blue #f ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & fix ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,turquoise ,blue4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,*icago blue #d ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & fix ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lbs4 acetic acid4 ,black ,blue4--,dye ) #d-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #a lb4 ,diam9e new blue ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #e lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,by mix+ toge!r ! v>i\s ,diam9e blues a v great range ( %ades c be produc$1 f pale sky-blue t9ts to ! deepe/ ( blues4 ,bright ,blue4--,dye ) #b-a_/d lb4 ,dianil blue ,b & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #c lb4 ( fluoride ( *romium4 ,d>k ,blue4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil blue ,b1 #a lb4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #c lb4 fluoride ( *romium4 ,r$ ,violet4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,dianil blue #d ,r & #aj lb1 salt1 fix+ ) #d lb4 fluoride ( *romium4 ,d>k ,plum4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil blue #d ,r & #ae lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #d lb4 fluoride ( *romium4 ,r$ ,violet4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #a-a_/b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,r$ ,plum4--,use #c-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #e lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & dye at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n treat ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,p>am9e br[n ,c1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda & dye at ! boil = "o h\r2 treat ) #c lb4 copp] sulphate4 ,light ,br[n4--,dye at ! boil = "o h\r 9 a ba? conta9+ #e lb4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n treat 9 a fre% ba? ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%4 ,d>k ,*e/nut ,br[n4--,dye = an h\r 9 a boil+ ba? ) #b-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 !n fix 9 a fre% boil+ ba? ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b lb4 acetic acid1 work+ = fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes1 !n r9s+ & dry+4 ,br[n4--,use #c lb4 ,cate*u br[n ,g ,k1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #a_/b lb4 soap2 aft] dye+ = "o h\r at ! boil treat 9 a fre% boil+ ba? ) #c lb4 copp] sulphate4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye at ! boil = "o h\r ) #c lb4 ,cate*u br[n ,f ,k1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #a lb4 soap1 !n treat 9 a fre% boil+ ba? ) #c lb4 copp] sulphate4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #i oz4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #ab-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 aft] work+ = "o h\r at ! boil treat 9 a fre% boil+ ba? ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp]4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,b5zo *rome br[n #b ,r1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt 7cry/als7 & dye at ! boil = "o h\r2 aft]w>ds treat ) bi*romate ( pota% & sulphate ( copp]4 ,nut ,br[n4--,dye 9 a ba? ) #d lb4 ,b5zo *rome br[n ,g & #bj lb4 salt1 !n treat 9 a fre% ba? ) #d lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #d lb4 copp] sulphate & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,*e/nut ,br[n4--,dye at ! boil = "o h\r 9 a ba? conta9+ #d lb4 ,b5zo *rome br[n ,r1 & boil+ ba? ) #d lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,olive ,br[n4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #a lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #e lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,deep ,br[n4--,use 9 ! ,dye-ba? #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,b1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,! fix+ ba? conta9s #b lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #a lb4 ,diam9e fa/ r$ ,f1 #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e jet black ,cr1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,! fix+ ba? conta9s #b lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,black ,br[n4--,dye ) #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #e lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,light ,sage ,br[n4--,dye ) #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,b1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #c oz4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,pale ,br[n4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #a lb4 ,dianil br[n #c ,g ,o1 #d oz4 ,dianil br[n ,e1 #d oz4 ,dianil black ,n1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #a-a_/b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,walnut ,br[n4--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n fix ) #e lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,pale ,fawn ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n fix ) #e lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,pale ,fawn ,br[n4--,dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,sage ,br[n4--,dye ) #i oz4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,! fix+ is done ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,r$ ,*ocolate4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,*e/nut4--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,dianil br[n #c ,g ,o1 #ac oz4 ,dianil br[n ,r1 #ac oz4 ,dianil br[n ,b ,d1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #c lb4 copp] sulphate & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,br[n4--,dye ) #b-a_/d lb4 ,*rysoph59e ,g1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,g1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,*icago blue ,r ,w1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,nut ,br[n4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,*romanil br[n #b ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,grey4--,dye at ! boil = "o h\r ) #a lb4 ,zambesi black ,f1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix 9 a fre% boil+ ba? ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,grey4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,*romanil black #d ,r ,f1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,grey4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #a lb4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e new blue ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #d lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,pale ,gre5i% ,grey4--,dye ) #a_/d oz4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #c oz4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 #a_/b lb4 soda1 #b lb4 soap & #e lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #a lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a_/b lb4 acetic acid4 ,slate ,blue4--,dye ) #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #b oz4 ,diam9e new blue ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 fix ) #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,grey4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,cross-dye black #b ,b1 #e lb4 soda a%1 #ae lb4 common salt2 aft] r9s+ leave ! cotton 9 ! air to age ov]night1 r9se aga9 & "w = half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r at f #aej to #afj ,f4 9 a ba? conta9+ #e lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #e lb4 sulphuric acid1 !n ?or\ghly r9se & dry4 ,d>k ,grey4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e jet black ,cr1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a_/b lb4 acetic acid4 ,gre5 ,grey4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #b oz4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #d oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #c lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,grey4--,dye ) #d oz4 ,dianil black ,n1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #a lb4 copp] sulphate & #a_/b lb4 acetic acid4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e jet black ,r ,b1 #a lb4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 dye at ! boil = "o h\r1 r9se & !n treat ! goods simm]+ = tw5ty m9utes ) #d lb4 bi*romate ( pota%4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #h lb4 ,*romanil black ,r ,f & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 dye at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n treat boil+ hot = ab\t ?irty m9utes 9 a fre% ba? ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #c lb4 sulphate ( copp]4 ,add #f lb4 only ( ! dye-/uff to ! ba? = a second bat*4 ,black4--,use #e lb4 ,dianil black ,n1 #e lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt2 !n fix ) #c lb4 copp] sulphate1 #c lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,black4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #e lb4 ,dianil black ,c ,r4 #c lb4 cau/ic soda1 #cf ,tw4 & #bj lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #c lb4 copp] sulphate1 #c lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,jet ,black4--,dye ) #e lb4 ,diam9e jet black ,cr1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 fix+ ) #d lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,x w be conv5i5t "h to deal ) a small b gr[+ & important class ( dye-/uffs :i* conta9 sulphur 9 _! composition1 & :i*1 !re=e1 are nam$3-- ,sulphur or ,sulphyl ,col\rs4 ,! orig9al type ( ?is gr\p is ,ca*\ de laval1 s5t out a good _m ye>s ago1 b ( late ye>s ,vidal black1 ,/4 ,d5nis black1 ,cross-dye blacks & drab1 ,imm$ial blacks1 blues & br[ns1 ,amidazol blacks1 br[ns & olives1 ,sulfanil9e black & br[n1 ,katig5 blacks1 gre5s & br[ns1 etc41 h be5 add$1 & ! gr\p is likely to become a v num]\s "o 9 ! future4 ,all ^! col\rs are dy$ on to ! cotton or l95 f ba?s conta9+ soda & salt1 :ile "s require ! addition ( sodium sulphide or cau/ic soda 9 ord] to h ! dye-/uff prop]ly dissolv$4 ,!y are v weak dyes comp>$ ) ! direct col\rs1 & require f #bj to #fj p] c5t4 to produce full %ades1 al?\gh ( ?is fully "o-?ird rema9s 9 ! ba? unabsorb$ by ! cotton4 ,x is1 !re=e1 important 9 ord] to "w z economically z possible to reta9 ! ba?1 br++ x up to /r5g? by ! addition ( fre% dye-/uffs1 etc4 ,mo/ ( ! dyes require ! dy$ goods to pass ?r\gh a second ba? ( "s reag5t1 bi*romate ( pota%1 sulphate ( copp]1 etc41 9 ord] to fully develop & fix ! dye on ! fabric4 ,! be/ me?od ( us+ ! v>i\s dyes ( ?is gr\p w be giv5 9 ! =m ( =mul4 ,two po9ts ( importance are to use z /rong a dye liquor z possible1 & to expose ! cotton z little z possible to ! air dur+ ! dye+ op]ation4 ,! dye-/uffs :5 expos$ to ! air readily become oxidis$1 & are !reby conv]t$ into insoluble products :i* become fix$ on ! fibre 9 a loose =m1 & 9 t case ! dy$ fibre rubs r badly4 ,pale ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #ae lb4 ,ca*\ de laval1 #aj lb4 ( soda1 & #aj lb4 salt4 ,! ba? is n exhau/$ ( col\r+ matt]1 & by add+ "o-half ( ! above quantities ( dye-/uff & salt may be us$ aga9 = ano!r lot ( cotton4 ,aft] ! dye+ ! cotton is pass$ into a fix+ ba? ( #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a lb4 acetic acid1 work+ at #ahj ,f4 t5 to fifte5 m9utes4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #bjj gallons ( wat]1 #aj lb4 soda1 #aj lb4 sulphide ( sodium1 #fj lb4 salt & #af lb4 ,imm$ial black ,v extra4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 keep+ ! cotton well "u ! surface dur+ ! op]ation1 9 ! case ( y>ns ?is is effect$ by us+ b5t iron rods on :i* to hang ! hanks 9 ! vat1 9 ! case ( pieces by work+ ) vats ! guide roll]s ( :i* are bel[ ! surface ( ! dye liquor4 ,aft] ! dye+ ! y>n or pieces are squeez$1 well r9s$ 9 wat]1 !n pass$ into ! fix+ ba?1 :i* conta9s #b lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #c lb4 ( acetic acid1 = half an h\r at #agj to #ahj ,f4 ,bi*romate ( pota% us$ alone gives a r$di% %ade ( black1 sulphate ( copp] a gre5i% %ade1 a mixture ( ! two gives a gre5i% %ade4 ,!re are ?ree br&s ( ,imm$ial black1 viz41 ,v extra1 ,g extra & ,f ,f1 :i* v>y a little 9 ! tone ( black !y produce4 ,! me?od ( us+ is id5tical = all ?ree4 ,! dye-ba? is n exhau/$ ( col\r & s %\ld be kept /&+1 = ea* subsequ5t lot ( cotton add #h lb4 ,imm$ial black & #c lb4 sulphide ( soda1 & to e #aj gallons ( wat] add$ to br+ ! ba? up to volume #a_/b lb4 soda & #c lb4 salt4 ,^! blacks are v fa/ to wa%+1 light1 etc4 ,by us+ small] quantities ( dye-/uff good greys c be dy$4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 soda1 #aj lb4 sulphide ( sodium1 #fj lb4 salt & #be lb4 ,vidal black1 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n r9se & fix ) #c lb bi*romate ( pota% & #b lb4 sulphuric acid4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #cj lb4 ,cross-dye black ,b1 #aj lb4 soda1 #aej lb4 salt4 ,dissolve ! dye-/uff 9 boil+ wat]1 !n add ! soda cry/als & f9ally ! salt4 ,ent] ! previ\sly well-boil$ cotton at ab\t #age ,f4 ,aft] a few turns raise ! temp]ature to ! boil z quickly z possible1 & "w = "o h\r 7j at ! boil74 ,lift & ?or\ghly r9se )\t delay4 7,! bett] ! cotton is wa%$ ! cle>] ! ultimate %ade47 ,aft] wa%+1 wr+ up & let air age = ab\t "o h\r2 ! int5sity ( ! black is !reby increas$4 ,mean:ile prep>e a ba? ) #e lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #d lb4 sulphuric acid 7#afh ,tw474 ,ent] at #aej to #afj ,f41 & "w at ?is = ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,aft] *rom+1 wa% ?or\ghly to remove all traces ( acid4 ,at ?is /age1 ! usual s(t5+ may take place if desirable1 & f9ally dry at a l[ temp]ature4 ,! ba? is kept up = fur!r lots1 & ?ree-f\r?s ! quantity ( col\r+ matt]1 & ab\t half soda & "o f\r? salt are us$4 ,wood1 or iron ci/]ns are mo/ suitable1 & copp] pans or pipes mu/ be avoid$4 ,! dye-ba? %\ld be kept z %ort z possible1 ab\t twelve to fifte5 times ! am\nt ( wat] on ! weight ( cotton is advisable4 ,! cotton :5 9 ! dye-ba? %\ld be expos$ z little z possible to ! air4 ,!re are sev]al br&s ( ^! ,cross-dye blacks v>y+ 9 ! tone ( black !y give4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 soda a%1 #bjj lb4 salt & #bj lb4 ,amidazol black ,g1 ?is is heat$ to #aej ,f41 ! cotton is ent]$1 ! heat rais$ to ! boil1 & ! dye+ done = an h\r at t heat4 ,lift1 r9se well1 !n pass into a *rom+ ba?1 made f #e lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #c lb4 sulphuric acid1 us$ at #afj ,f4 = tw5ty m9utes1 !n lift1 wa% well & dry4 ,! ba? may be kept /&+ & us$ = o!r lots ( cotton by repl5i%+ ) ab\t two-?irds ( ! orig9al weight ( dye-/uff & a little soda4 ,!re are f\r br&s ( ^! ,amidazol blacks :i* dye f a jet black ) ! ,g to a deep blue black ) ! #f ,g br&4 ,! ,g1 #b ,g1 & #d ,g1 us$ 9 small quantities1 #b-a_/b to #c lb41 dye good greys ( a blui% tone1 ! #f ,g gives a dull blue1 ! #d ,g & #f ,g1 us$ 9 ! proportions ( #g-a_/b to #aj p] c5t41 give d>k blues4 ,all ^! blacks may be comb9$ ) anil9e black ) good results z %[n 9 ! foll[+ recipe3-- ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 ,amidazol black #b ,g1 #e lb4 soda & #ajj lb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = an h\r1 !n r9se1 pass into a cold ba? made f #b-a_/b lb4 anil9e oil1 #b-a_/b lb4 hydro*loric acid1 #f-a_/b lb4 sulphuric acid1 #g-a_/b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 & #e-a_/b lb4 p]*loride ( iron1 #ff ,tw4 ,?is is us$ cold = an h\r1 !n ! heat is sl[ly rais$ to #afj ,f41 :5 ! op]ation is f9i%$1 & ! cotton is tak5 out well r9s$ & f9i%$ z usual4 ,any ( ?is class ( black may be s topp$ ) anil9e black if ?\ght necess>y ,a v fa/ black is ?us got4 ,black4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #ae lb4 ,sulfanil9e black ,g1 #fj lb4 salt1 #aj lb4 soda1 & #e lb4 sulphide ( sodium4 ,"w at a little "u ! boil1 !n lift1 r9se well & pass into a hot ba? ( #c lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #c lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 & #d lb4 acetic acid = half an h\r1 !n lift1 r9se well & dry4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ 9 ! practical application on a l>ge scale ( ^! sulphur blacks t ! cotton is liable to become t5d]$ on be+ /or$1 al?\gh !re are few signs ( su* aft] ! dye+ is f9i%$4 ,! exact cause ( ?is is some:at unc]ta91 ! mo/ probable reason is t dur+ ! process ( dye+ a deposit ( sulphur 9 a f9e /ate ( division has be5 ?r[n d[n on ! cotton by decomposition ( ! dye-/uff1 & t ?is sulphur has 9 "t become oxidis$ to sulphuric acid :i* !n ex]ts its well-kn[n t5d]+ action on ! cotton4 ,! rem$y = ?is evil lies p>tly ) ! dye manufactur] & *iefly ) ! dy]4 ,! dye manufactur] %\ld see t 8 product is made z free f sulphur z possible1 :ile ! dy] by c>eful att5tion to ?or\gh wa%+1 ?or\gh fixation 9 ! *rome1 etc4 ba?s1 t5ds to elim9ate all sulphur f ! goods1 & s prev5t all possibility ( ! cotton becom+ affect$4 ,blue4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #bb lb4 ,imm$ial blue ,c1 #ac lb4 sulphide ( sodium1 #ej lb4 salt & #ae lb4 cau/ic soda lye at #gj ,tw4 ,"w at j "u ! boil = "o h\r1 keep+ ! goods well "u ! surface ( ! liquor4 ,aft] ! dye+ ! goods are well r9s$ 9 ! wat] & !n pass$ into a vat :i* conta9s #a lb4 p]oxide ( sodium & #a lb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is is />t$ cold1 aft] ab\t fifte5 m9utes heat sl[ly to ab\t #aej1 "w = tw5ty m9utes1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,= subsequ5t lots ( cotton !re only ne$ be us$ #g lb4 ,imm$ial blue ,c4 #b lb4 sulphide ( sodium1 #c lb4 salt & #a-a_/b lb4 cau/ic soda lye at #gj ,tw4 ,! blue may also be develop$ by /eam+ ) air 9 a suitable *e/ or /eam+ *amb]4 ,by topp+ ) #a_/d lb4 ,new me?yl5e blue ,n1 v bright blue %ades c be dy$4 ,d>k ,navy4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #be lb4 ,imm$ial blue ,c1 #bd lb4 sulphide ( sodium1 #ce lb4 common salt & #ab lb4 cau/ic soda lye1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n r9se & develop 9 a ba? made f #b-a_/b lb4 p]oxide ( sodium & #b-a_/b lb4 sulphuric acid1 />t$ cold1 !n aft] tw5ty m9utes heat$ to #afj ,f41 tw5ty m9utes long] at t heat w be suffici5t4 ,= second & subsequ5t lots ( cotton !re is add$ to ! old ba? #ae lb4 ,imm$ial blue ,c1 #d lb4 sulphide ( sodium1 #e lb4 salt & #b lb4 cau/ic soda lye ( #gj ,tw4 ,blue4--,a pale b n v bright %ade ( blue is dy$ 9 a ba? ( #c lb4 ,amidazol black #f ,g1 #e lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt4 ,aft] work+ = "o h\r at ! boil1 lift1 r9se & pass into a ba? :i* conta9s #b-a_/b lb4 p]oxide ( sodium & #b-a_/b lb4 sulphuric acid2 ?is is />t$ cold1 !n heat$ to #aej ,f41 & kept at t heat = tw5ty m9utes1 :5 ! cotton is tak5 out1 well wa%$ & dri$4 ,deep ,blue4--,dye ) #bj lb4 ,amidazol black #f ,g1 #e lb4 soda & #bjj lb4 salt2 develop ) #b lb4 p]oxide ( sodium & #b-a_/b lb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ z not$ above4 ,d>k ,drab4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #bj lb4 ,cross-dye drab1 #e lb4 soda cry/als & #hj lb4 salt1 "w at ! boil = an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% well & dry2 ?is c be *rom$ if desir$4 ,br[n4--,dye ) #bj lb4 ,amidazol cut*1 #e lb4 soda a% & #aej lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% ?or\ghly & dry4 ,by aft] treatm5t 9 a ba? ( #c lb4 potassium bi*romate & #c lb4 sulphuric acid ! col\r is made fa/ to wa%+4 ,! %ade is n alt]$4 ,buff4--,dye ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,amidazol cut*1 #e lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,pale ,sea ,gre54--,dye ) #d lb4 ,amidazol gre5 ,y1 #e lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% well & dry4 ,d>k ,gre54--,dye ) #bj lb4 ,amidazol gre5 ,b1 #e lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt2 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% ?or\ghly & dry4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #bj lb4 ,amidazol ca*\1 #e lb4 soda & #bjj lb4 salt1 work+ = an h\r at ! boil1 !n lift1 r9se well & pass into a *rome ba? ( #d lb4 potassium bi*romate & #c lb4 sulphuric acid at #ej ,f4 = half an h\r1 !n wa% well & dry4 ,d>k ,sage4--,dye ) #bj lb4 ,amidazol drab1 #e lb4 soda a% & #aej lb4 salt = an h\r at ! boil1 !n lift & *rome ) #d lb4 potassium bi*romate & #h lb4 sulphuric acid = ?irty m9utes at #aej ,f41 wa%+ well aft]w>ds4 ,all ! ,amidazol dyes are v fa/ to wa%+1 acids1 etc4 ,!y c be treat$ ) sulphate ( copp] or p]oxide ( sodium :5 !y produce good %ades4 ,!y may ev5 be diazotis$ & develop$ ) beta-naph?ol & ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,! pale t9ts got by us+ f #b to #d p] c5t4 ( dye-/uff are useful ones1 z also are ! m$ium %ades ) #aj p] c5t4 ( dye-/uff4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 ,sulfanil9e br[n #d ,b1 #ej lb4 salt1 #aj lb4 soda & #e lb sulphide ( sodium2 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & treat 9 a fre% ba? ) #c lb4 potassium bi*romate & #b lb4 acetic acid at #afj ,f4 = half an h\r1 !n wa% well & dry4 ,olive4--,dye ) #aj lb4 ,katig5 olive ,g1 #ej lb4 salt1 #aj lb4 soda & #f lb4 sulphide ( sodium2 "w = "o h\r at ! boil1 !n lift1 wa% & treat 9 a fre% ba? ) #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid = half an h\r at ! boil1 !n wa%4 ,d>k ,olive4--,dye ) #bj lb4 ,katig5 olive ,g1 #ej lb4 salt1 #aj lb4 soda1 & #f lb4 sulphide ( sodium1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,by *rom+ a d>k] & fa/] olive is got4 ,br[n4--,dye ) #bj lb4 ,katig5 d>k br[n1 #ej lb4 salt1 #aj lb4 soda & #f lb4 sulphide ( sodium at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n treat 9 a fre% ba? ) #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid = half an h\r at ! boil1 !n wa% well4 ,pale ,br[n4--,dye ) #h lb4 ,imm$ial bronze ,a1 #b lb4 soda1 #b lb4 sulphide ( sodium & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 r9se & pass into a fre% ba? conta9+ #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b lb4 acetic-acid at #aej ,f4 = half an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #ab lb4 ,imm$ial br[n ,b1 #e lb4 sulphide ( sodium1 #e lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift & treat 9 a fre% ba? ) #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #b lb4 sulphate ( copp] & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,! ,imm$ial blacks1 blue1 bronze & br[n dye v fa/ %ades1 /&+ soap+1 acids & light4 ,!y may be comb9$ toge!r to produce a great range ( %ades ( blue1 br[n1 gre51 grey1 etc4 ,^! examples w p]haps suffice to %[ h[ ?is new b important class ( sulphyl col\rs are appli$ to ! dye+ ( cotton4 ,!y may be topp$ ) anil9e black1 indigo1 basic dyes1 or comb9$ ) su* direct dyes z produce %ades fa/ to *rom+ to =m a v great range ( %ades :i* h ! m]it ( fa/ness4 7#c7 ,,direct ,,dye+ ,,foll[$ ,,by ,,fixation ,,) ,,develop]s4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! dyes prep>$ f coal t> are call$ azo col\rs1 su* = in/ance are ! ,biebri* & ,croce9e sc>lets & oranges1 ,naph?ol black1 ,congo r$1 etc41 j to "n a few4 ,! prep>ation ( ^! is ab\t ! simple/ op]ation ( col\r *emi/ry1 & consi/s 9 tak+ z ! base an amido comp\nd z ! *emi/ calls su*4 ,^! amido comp\nds1 ( :i* anil9e1 toluid9e1 b5zid9e1 naph?ylam9e are famili> examples1 are *>act]is$ by conta9+ ! molecul> gr\p ,,nh#b1 :i* radicle is built up ( ! two elem5ts nitrog5 & hydrog54 ,all comp\nds :i* conta9 ?is gr\p are basic 9 "* & comb9e ) acids to =m well-def9$ salts4 ,:5 ^! amido bodies are treat$ ) sodium nitrite & hydro*loric acid !y und]go a *emical *ange1 ! feature ( :i* is t ! nitrog5 atoms pres5t 9 ! amido comp\nd & 9 ! nitrite unite toge!r & a new comp\nd is produc$ :i* is call$ a diazo comp\nd1 & ! op]ation is call$ diazotisation4 ,= example :5 p>anitroanil9e is subject$ to ?is reaction x und]goes a *ange indicat$ 9 ! *emical equation3-- ,c#f;,h#d,,no#b,,nh#b1 ,na,n,o#b1 #b;,h,cl ,p>anitroanil9e1 ,sodium nitrite1 ,hydro*loric acid4 ,c#f;,h#d,,no#b,n3 ,n,cl ,na,cl #b;,h#bj ,p>anitro b5z5e ,sodium *loride1 ,wat]1 diazo *loride4 ,! above1 put into words1 means t :5 p>anitroanil9e is dissolv$ ) hydro*loric acid & treat$ ) nitrite ( soda x =ms diazonitro b5z5e *loride1 sodium *loride & wat]4 ,n[ ! diazo comp\nds are r un/able bodies1 b !y h a great aff9ity = o!r comp\nds1 su* z naph?ol1 ph5yl5e diam9e1 ph5ol1 & comb9e easily ) !m :5 br\ght into contact ) !m4 ,! new comp\nds ?us made =m ! dye-/uffs ( comm]ce4 ,! azo dyes conta9 ! *>act]i/ic gr\p ( two nitrog5 atoms %[n 9 ! =mula ,n3 ,n4 ,9 deal+ ) ! production ( col\rs direct on ! fibre ?is subject w be elaborat$ m fully4 ,n[ _m ( ! direct dyes1 ,diam9e blacks1 ,diam9e cut*1 ,primul9e1 ,diazo br[n1 ,zambesi blues1 br[ns1 etc41 conta9 amido gr\ps1 by reason ( hav+ be5 made f su* bodies z ph5yl5e diam9e1 amido naph?ol1 toluid9e1 etc41 & x has be5 f\nd t :5 dy$ on ! fibre !y are capable ( be+ diazotis$ by pass+ ! dy$ fibre into a ba? ( sodium nitrite acidifi$ ) hydro*loric acid1 & if !n !y are plac$ into a ba? conta9+ su* a body z beta-naph?ol1 ph5yl5e diam9e1 etc41 new comp\nds or dyes are produc$1 :i* are *>act]is$ by be+ insoluble 9 wat]1 & !re=e z =m$ on ! fibre 9 ! mann] indicat$ are v fa/ to wa%+1 soap+ & simil> ag5cies4 ,(t5 ! new or develop$ dye =m$ on ! fibre diff]s m>k$ly 9 col\r f ! orig9al dye4 ,p]haps 9 no case is ?is m /rongly %[n ?an ) ,primul9e4 ,! orig9al col\r is a gre5i% yell[1 b by us+ v>i\s develop]s1 z !y are call$1 a great v>iety ( %ade c be got1 z %[n 9 ?is table4 ,develop]4 ,col\r produc$4 ,beta-naph?ol ,bright sc>let4 ,alpha-naph?ol ,crimson4 ,ph5yl5e diam9e ,br[n4 ,ph5ol ,gold yell[4 ,resorc9e ,orange4 ,naph?ylam9e e!r ,blue4 ,blue develop] ,a ,n ,gre54 ,z reg>ds ! dye+ op]ation1 x no way diff]s f t describ$ = simple direct col\rs4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be not$ t if good results are requir$ full %ades mu/ be dy$4 ,! cotton mu/ be r9s$ 9 cold wat]1 & be q cold be=e x is subject$ to ! diazotis+ op]ation4 ,diazotis+ is a simple op]ation1 yet x mu/ be c>ri$ out ) c>e if good results are desir$4 ,x consi/s ess5tially 9 ! use ( an acidulat$ ba? ( sodium nitrite4 ,to make ! ba? = diazotis+ !re is tak5 7= ea* #ajj lb4 ( goods7 suffici5t wat] to h&le !m 9 com=tably1 #h lb4 ( sodium nitrite & #f lb4 hydro*loric acid4 ,?is ba? mu/ be q cold o!rwise x does n "w well4 ,! goods are h&l$ 9 ?is = f fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes1 :5 !y are ready = ! next op]ation4 ,! ba? is n exhau/$ ( nitrite1 etc41 h5ce x c be kept /&+1 & = ea* succe$+ lot ( cotton x is /r5g!n$ up by add+ "o-?ird ( ! quantities ( nitrite & acid orig9ally us$4 ,( c\rse ! ba? _c be kept = ev]1 soon] or lat] x w get dirty1 & !n x mu/ be ?r[n away & a new ba? be made up4 ,! diazo comp\nds =m$ on ! fibre are n v /able bodies4 ,!y decompose on be+ expos$ = any great l5g? ( "t to ! air1 :ile light has a /rong action on mo/1 if n all ( !m2 h5ce x foll[s t ! diazotis+ process %\ld n be c>ri$ out 9 a room :]e direct1 /rong sunlight c ent] or fall ^u ! goods4 ,!n aga91 aft] diazotis+1 ! treat$ goods %\ld n be all[$ to lie ab\t expos$ to air & light1 b ! op]ation ( develop+ %\ld be proce$$ ) at once1 o!rwise ! diazo body w decompose1 & weak & defective col\rs are liable to be obta9$ on subsequ5t developm5t4 ,= develop+1 q a l>ge numb] ( sub/ances are us$4 ,"s ( ^! are regul> articles ( comm]ce1 o!rs are ! special productions ( c]ta9 firms1 :o advise _! use ) ! dyes t !y also manufacture4 ,^! latt] are s5t out "u su* designations z ,develop] ,b1 ,develop] ,a ,n1 or ,fa/-blue develop]4 ,^? mo/ 9 use are beta-naph?ol = r$ f ,primul9e1 & = blui% blacks f ,diam9e blacks1 ,diazo blacks1 ,zambesi blacks1 etc42 = d>k blues f ,diam9e blues1 ,diazo blues1 etc42 = greys f ,diam9e blues1 ,neutral grey1 etc4 ,alpha-naph?ol = d>k r$s f ,primul9e1 greys f ,diam9e blues1 ,neutral grey1 etc4 ,ph5yl5e diam9e = blacks f ,diam9e blacks1 ,diazo blacks1 ,zambesi blacks1 ,triam9e blacks1 etc42 = d>k br[ns f ,diam9e br[ns1 ,diazo br[ns1 etc42 = light br[ns f ,cotton br[ns1 ,diam9e cut*1 ,primul9e1 etc4 ,naph?ylam9e e!r = blues f ,diam9e blacks1 etc4 ,ph5ol = cl>et f ,diam9e cut*1 & = gold yell[ f ,primul9e1 etc4 ,resorc9e = orange f ,primul9e1 etc4 ,soda = br[ns f ,diam9e cut*1 ,diazo br[ns1 ,zambesi br[ns1 = orange f ,diam9e orange1 & yell[ f ,primul9e4 ,beta-naph?ol4--,?is is by f> ! mo/ important ( ! develop]s4 ,x is a :ite body1 insoluble 9 wat]1 b readily soluble 9 soda lye1 & a solution is easily made by tak+ #aj lb4 beta-naph?ol & heat+ x ) #aj lb4 cau/ic soda lye ( #gj ,tw4 & #fj gallons ( wat]4 ,?is ba? may be us$ z ! develop+ ba?1 or x may be dilut$ ) m wat]4 ,x is n desirable to use any m cau/ic soda ?an is necess>y to dissolve ! beta-naph?ol1 s t ! ba? is n too alkal9e4 ,to produce full %ades x usually takes #a p] c5t4 ( ! weight ( ! cotton ( ! beta-naph?ol1 b x is be/ to use ! ba? z a cont9u\s "o & = ! fir/ lot ( cotton use #b p] c5t4 ( naph?ol1 :ile = ea* succe$+ lot only #a p] c5t4 m naph?ol ne$ be add$ to ! same ba?4 ,?is ba? is alkal9e1 :ile ! diazotis+ ba? is acid1 unless1 !re=e1 ! cotton be well wa%$ :5 x is tak5 f ! latt] ba? !re is a risk ( ! alkali ( ! "o be+ neutralis$ by ! acidity ( ! o!r1 & ! naph?ol be+ ?r[n out 9 an insoluble =m4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is easily rem$i$ %\ld x occur4 ,develop] ,a 7,bay]7 is a mixture ( beta-naph?ol & cau/ic soda 9 ! p[d] =m1 s t a solution is obta9$ by simply add+ wat]4 ,r m 7ab\t #a-a_/b p] c5t47 ( ?is is requir$ ?an ( beta-naph?ol4 ,alpha-naph?ol has simil> prop]ties to1 & is us$ 9 ! same way z1 beta-naph?ol2 x develops mu* d>k] & r dull] col\rs1 :i* are less fa/ to wa%+4 ,resorc9e1 l naph?ol1 is insoluble 9 wat]1 b x c be dissolv$ by us+ ei!r soda a% or cau/ic soda4 ,! latt] is pref]able1 z ! =m] is liable to give a develop+ ba? t fro?s 9 work+1 especially if mu* acid has be5 left 9 ! cotton f ! diazotis+ ba?4 ,! proportions are3 #aj lb4 resorc9e1 #be lb4 cau/ic soda lye ( #gj ,tw41 & #fj gallons ( wat]2 or #aj lb4 resorc9e1 #bj lb4 soda a%1 & #fj gallons ( wat]1 heat$ until a solution is obta9$4 ,9 ! develop+ ba? #a p] c5t4 ( resorc9e is usually suffici5t to use4 ,x develops an orange ) ,primul9e4 ,develop] ,f 7,bay]7 is a mixture ( resorc9e & soda a%4 ,x requires #a-a_/b p] c5t1 to make a develop+ ba?4 ,ph5ol1 bett] kn[n z c>bolic acid1 f9ds a use z a develop]4 ,x is dissolv$ 9 cau/ic soda1 #aj lb4 ph5ol1 #ae lb4 cau/ic soda lye ( #gj ,tw41 & #fj gallons ( wat]4 ,g5]ally #a p] c5t4 is suffici5t to use z a develop]4 ,x is (t5 call$ yell[ develop]4 ,naph?ylam9e e!r is us$ z a develop] = blues 9 conjunction ) ! ,diam9e blacks4 ,x is prep>$ = use by dissolv+ 9 hydro*loric acid1 #aj lb4 naph?ylam9e e!r p[d] heat$ ) #e lb4 hydro*loric acid & #ej gallons wat]4 ,ab\t #a-a_/d p] c5t4 is requir$ to =m a develop+ ba?4 ,naph?ylam9e e!r is also s5t out 9 ! =m ( a pa/e mix$ ) acid1 & conta9+ ab\t #be p] c5t4 ( ! actual develop]4 ,fa/ blue develop] ,a ,d 7,cassella71 is amidodiph5ylam9e4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 b soluble 9 dilute acid1 #aj lb4 fa/ blue develop] ,a ,d1 #e lb4 hydro*loric acid & #ce gallons ( wat] mak+ ! ba?4 ,to develop full %ades #a to #a-a_/b p] c5t1 is requir$4 ,blue develop] ,a ,n 7,cassella74 ,! base ( ?is is insoluble 9 wat]1 b dissolves 9 soda1 & is probably a naph?ol-sulpho acid4 ,! product1 z met ) 9 ! m>ket1 is soluble 9 wat]1 & #bg lb4 dissolv$ 9 #bj gallons ( wat] =m ! ba?4 ,to produce full %ades #a-a_/b p] c5t1 is usually requir$4 ,ph5yl5e diam9e is a mo/ important develop]4 ,x comes into ! m>ket 9 two =ms1 z a p[d]1 v ne>ly pure1 made into a solution by dissolv+ #aj lb4 ) #bj gallons ( wat] & #e lb4 hydro*loric acid1 & z a solution prep>$ ready = use4 ,develop] ,c 7,bay]7 & develop] ,e 7,bay]7 are prep>ations ( diam9e1 ! =m] 9 a p[d]1 ! latt] 9 a solution4 ,ph5yl5e diam9e c be us$ ) ! addition to ! develop+ ba? ( acetic acid or soda4 ,s*aeff]'s acid is a sulpho acid ( beta-naph?ol1 & is dissolv$ by tak+ #aj lb4 ( ! acid & #g-a_/b lb4 soda1 boil+ ) #ej gallons ( wat]4 ,ab\t #a-a_/d p] c5t4 is requir$ = develop+ full %ades4 ,develop] ,b 7,bay]7 is e?yl beta-naph?ylam9e1 9 ! =m ( its hydro*loric acid comp\nd4 ,! ba? is made f #aj lb4 ( ! develop] & #ej gallons ( wat]1 #a-a_/d p] c5t4 be+ us$ to obta9 full %ades4 ,develop] ,d 7,bay]7 is dioxy-naph?al5e-sulpho acid1 & simply requires dissolv+ 9 wat] to make ! ba?4 ,toluyl5e diam9e is a homologue ( ph5yl5e diam9e & is us$ 9 precisely ! same way4 ,g5]ally ! special develop]s issu$ by ! v>i\s col\r firms simply require dissolv+ 9 wat] to =m ! develop+ ba?4 ,! cotton1 previ\sly be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! diazotis+ ba?1 is !n run into ! develop+ ba?1 9 :i* x is kept = f tw5ty to ?irty m9utes or until ! requir$ %ade is fully develop$1 aft] :i* x is tak5 out1 r9s$ & dri$4 ,! me?od ( work+ is ! same = all ! develop]s1 & may be c>ri$ out 9 any k9d ( vessels4 ,z is indicat$ above1 ! develop+ ba?s may be kept /&+ & be fre%5$ up z requir$2 !y are us$ cold4 ,sometimes two develop]s are mix$ toge!r1 9 :i* case c>e %\ld be tak5 t an alkal9e develop] naph?ol or ph5ol be n mix$ ) an acid develop] 7ph5yl5e diam9e1 naph?ylam9e1 etc471 unless ! acidity ( ! latt] has be5 neutralis$ ) soda2 o!rwise ! develop] might be ?r[n out ( ! ba? 9 an insoluble & h5ce useless =m4 ,! advantages ( ! diazotis+ & develop+ process j describ$ may be summ$ z--easy & quick work+1 sup]ior fa/ness to wa%+1 soap+ & mill+1 increas$ fa/ness to light & s(tness ( ! dy$ fibre4 ,sc>let4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,primul9e & #bj lb4 salt1 at ! boil = "o h\r1 diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,crimson4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,primul9e & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) alpha-naph?ol4 ,r$ ,br[n4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,primul9e & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,deep ,orange4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,primul9e & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) resorc9e4 ,pale ,orange4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,primul9e & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) ph5ol4 ,sage ,br[n4--,dye ) #f lb4 ,primul9e1 #c lb4 ,titan +ra9 blue & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) resorc9e4 ,d>k ,m>oon4--,dye ) #f lb4 ,primul9e1 #c lb4 ,titan +ra9 blue & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,d>k ,crimson4--,dye ) #e-c_/d lb4 ,primul9e1 #a_/d lb4 ,titan +ra9 blue & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,d>k ,blue4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,zambesi blue ,b ,x1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) amidonaph?ol e!r4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #h lb4 ,zambesi br[n #b ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) toluyl5e diam9e4 ,blue ,black4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,zambesi blue ,b ,x1 #b lb4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) #c_/d lb4 toluyl5e diam9e & #a_/b lb4 beta-naph?ol4 ,r$4--,dye ) #d-a_/b lb4 ,primul9e1 #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,primul9e1 #a lb4 ,diam9e azo blue ,r ,r1 & #bj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-nap?ol4 ,deep ,*e/nut ,br[n4--,dye ) #e lb4 ,diam9e cut*1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop by pass+ = tw5ty m9utes 9 a boil+ ba? ( soda4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,diam9e cut*1 #a lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) ph5ol4 ,black ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,primul9e1 #a oz4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,blue4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9og5e blue ,b ,b1 #a_/b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,a d>k blue is got by us+ #h lb4 ( ,diam9og5e blue ,b ,b 9 ! same way4 ,d>k ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9og5e blue ,b ,b1 #a-a_/aj lb4 ,diam9e azo blue ,r ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r1 r9se slightly 9 cold wat]1 !n ent] into a fre% cold ba? prep>$ ) #d lb nitrite ( soda previ\sly dissolv$ 9 wat]1 & #ab-a_/b lb4 hydro*loric acid4 ,= subsequ5t lots 9 ! same ba? "o-?ird ( ^! additions is suffici5t4 ,aft] diazotis+ r9se ! goods 9 a ba? weakly acidulat$ ) hydro*loric or sulphuric acid1 & !n imm$iately develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,triam9e black ,b1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 9 fifty gallons ( wat]4 ,dye exactly z 9 ! prec$+ recipe4 ,wa% & r9se v ?or\ghly aft] lift+1 !n diazotise 9 a ba? ( ab\t #bej gallons ( cold wat]1 to :i* add sep>ately #b-a_/b lb4 sodium nitrite dissolv$ 9 five times its bulk ( wat] & #h lb4 hydro*loric acid dilut$4 ,ent] ! damp cotton & treat x = ab\t half an h\r4 ,lift1 pass ?r\gh a weak acid ba?1 r9se1 & develop imm$iately 9 a ba? ( ab\t #bej gallons ( cold wat]1 conta9+ #a lb4 develop] ,t1 #a lb4 soda1 previ\sly dissolv$ toge!r 9 hot wat]4 ,ent] ! damp goods1 "w well = half an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,blue ,black4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) naph?ylam9e e!r4 ,d>k ,navy4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,diam9e azo blue ,r ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,light ,*e/nut ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,cotton br[n ,n1 #a lb4 diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #e lb4 ,diam9e cut*1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) fa/ blue develop] ,a ,d4 ,black4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 diazotise & develop ) #b lb4 resorc9e & #a lb4 ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,blue ,black4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,diam9og5e ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,black4--,dye ) #d-a_/b lb4 ,diam9og5e ,b1 #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) #c lb4 resorc9e & #a lb4 ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,light ,blue4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9og5e blue ,b ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotis$ & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,m>oon4--,dye ) #f lb4 ,primul9e & #bj lb4 salt1 diazotise & develop ) blue develop] ,a ,n4 ,olive ,br[n4--,dye ) #e-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e cut*1 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) fa/ blue develop] ,a ,d4 ,gold ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,cotton br[n ,n1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,walnut ,br[n4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,br[n4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #a lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a lb4 cotton br[n ,n1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,d>k ,plum4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,black ,br[n4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,diam9e cut*1 #c lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #h lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotis$ & develop ) ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,blue ,black4--,dye ) #d-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,blue ,black4--,dye ) #d-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) naph?ylam9e e!r4 ,blue ,black4--,dye ) #e lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,o1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) beta-naph?ol4 ,d>k ,blue4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) blue develop] ,a ,n4 ,black4--,dye ) #e lb4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #a oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n diazotise & develop ) ph5yl5e diam9e4 ,! ,diam9e blacks are a range ( v useful dye-/uffs1 & by _! means alone & 9 conjunction ) ! v>i\s develop]s z se5 9 ! examples giv5 above a range ( useful %ades ( blue1 navy blue1 & blacks ( e tone c be obta9$4 ,x may also be add$ t _m ( ! direct dyes1 al?\gh n diazotisable1 are n alt]$ by ! process & s may be us$ along ) diazotisable dyes = ! purpose ( %ad+ !m1 & 9 t way a great range ( %ades c be produc$1 p>ticul>ly by comb9+ ,primul9e ) o!r dyes4 7#d7 ,,direct ,,dye+ ,,foll[$ ,,by ,,fixation ,,) ,,c\pl]s4 ,a fur!r developm5t 9 ! application ( ! direct dyes has ( late ye>s be5 made4 ,?is is a two-ba? me?od4 ,! cotton is dy$ ) c]ta9 ( ! direct dyes3 ,primul9e1 ,diam9e jet blacks1 ,diazo blacks1 ,toluyl5e orange & br[n1 ,diazo br[n1 ,diam9e nitrazol dyes1 ,b5zo nitrol dyes1 etc41 9 ! usual way4 ,!n a ba? is prep>$ by diazotis+ p>anitroanil9e1 b5zid9e1 metanitranil9e1 dianisid9e1 etc41 or by us+ ! ready diazotis$ prep>ations :i* are n[ on ! m>ket1 ,nitrazol ,c1 ,azophor r$ ,p ,n1 ,azophor blue ,p ,n1 etc41 & imm]s+ ! dy$ cotton 9 ?is ba?4 ,comb9ation takes place betwe5 ! dye on ! fibre & ! diazo comp\nd 9 ?is ba?1 & a new product is produc$ direct on ! fibre1 :i* be+ insoluble is v resi/ant to wa%+ & soap+4 ,^! c\pl$ %ades1 z !y w probably come to be call$1 diff] f ^? produc$ on ! fibre by ! orig9al dye-/uff1 ?us ! ,diam9e jet blacks & "s ( ! ,diazo blacks give1 ) p>anitroanil9e1 br[ns ( v>i\s %ades4 ,9 ?is section also may be consid]$ ! me?od ( dye+ cotton by us+ ! direct col\rs 9 ! ord9>y way1 & !n topp+1 z x is call$1 ) a basic dye 9 a fre% ba?4 ,practically 9 ! c\pl+ process ( dye+ only diazotis$ p>anitroanil9e is us$ z ! c\pl]1 al?\gh o!r amido bases ( a simil> nature are available4 ,:5 p>anitroanil9e is us$ z ! s\rce = ! c\pl+ ba? x is well to prep>e a /ock ba? ( diazotis$ p>anitroanil9e1 :i* may be done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,prep>ation ( diazotis$ p>anitroanil9e4--,take #a lb4 p>anitroanil9e1 mix ) #a gallon boil+ wat] & #a qu>t hydro*loric acid1 /ir well1 :5 ! p>anitroanil9e w dissolve ! solution may if necess>y be assi/$ by a little heat4 ,n[ add #a-a_/b gallons ( cold wat]1 & set aside to cool1 :5 ! hydro*loride ( p>anitroanil9e w sep>ate out 9 ! =m ( f9e cry/als2 :5 ! mixture is q cold 7x _c be too cold7 !re is add$ #a_/b lb4 sodium nitrite dissolv$ 9 #a_/b gallon cold wat]1 /ir well = fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes1 by ! end ( :i* "t ! p>anitroanil9e w h become fully diazotis$1 cold wat] is add$ to br+ up ! volume ( ! mixture to #aj gallons4 ,?is /ock ba? well prep>$ & kept 9 a cool1 d>k place w keep good = ?ree to f\r weeks4 ,?is ba? conta9s #a lb4 ( p>anitroanil9e 9 #aj gallons1 & x is a good rule to all[ #a_/b lb41 or #e gallons ( ?is /ock ba? to ea* p\nd ( dye-/uff us$ 9 dye+ ! gr\nd col\r to be develop$ up4 ,to prep>e ! c\pl+ ba? !re is tak5 #e gallons ( ! /ock ba?1 #a lb4 sodium acetate ) suffici5t wat] = ea* #a lb4 ( dye t has be5 us$4 ,?is ba? is us$ cold1 & ! cotton is work$ 9 x = half an h\r1 !n x is tak5 out1 wa%$ well & dri$4 ,nitrazol ,c is a ready prep>$ diazotis$ p>anitroanil9e 9 a p[d] =m :i* keeps well if /or$ 9 a dry place4 ,! me?od ( us+ is to take #h lb4 ,nitrazol ,c1 /ir into a pa/e ) wat] & !n add ?is pa/e to ! c\pl+ ba?1 toge!r ) #b lb4 soda & #c_/d lb4 acetate ( soda4 ,?is ba? is us$ cold & ! dy$ cotton is imm]s$ 9 x = half an h\r1 !n tak5 out1 well wa%$ & dri$4 ,! quantity ( ,nitrazol ,c giv5 w suffice = all %ades dy$ ) f #b to #d p] c5t1 ( dye-/uff1 b :5 pal] %ades are dy$1 us+ less ?an say #a_/b p] c5t4 ( dye-/uff1 ab\t #d lb4 ,nitrazol ,c1 ) ! soda & acetate ( soda 9 proportionate quantities1 may be us$4 ,azophor r$ ,p ,n is also a prep>ation ( diazotis$ p>anitroanil9e 9 ! =m ( a dry p[d] :i* keeps well4 ,to prep>e ! c\pl+ ba? !re is tak5 #b lb4 ( ,azophor r$ ,p ,n1 :i* is dissolv$ 9 wat] & add$ to ! ba? along ) #a lb4 acetate ( soda4 ,! dy$ goods are work$ 9 ! cold ba? = half an h\r1 !n tak5 out1 well wa%$ & dri$4 ,! quantities giv5 are suffici5t = %ades dy$ ) #b to #d p] c5t4 ( dye-/uff2 = weak] %ades half ! quantities may be tak54 ,b5zo-nitrol develop] is sold 9 ! =m ( a yell[ pa/e4 ,to use x take #e lb41 /ir into a smoo? pa/e ) wat]1 !n add to ! c\pl+ ba?4 ,!re is !n add$ #c p9ts ( hydro*loric acid1 ) "s /irr+4 ,all[ to /& = half an h\r1 add #a-a_/b lb4 acetate ( soda & #f-a_/b oz4 soda1 :5 ! ba? is ready = use4 ,! cotton is ent]$ & work$ = half an h\r1 !n lift$ out1 wa%$ & dri$4 ,x may be m5tion$ t solutions ( ! ?ree c\pl]s j nam$ may be kept = "s "t )\t decomposition1 b z soon z soda & acetate ( soda are add$ !y beg9 to decompose & !n _c be kept m ?an a few h\rs 9 a good condition4 ,x is a good plan !re=e n to add ! acetate ( soda until ! ba? is to be us$4 ,an excess ( c\pl] 9 ! ba? does no h>m1 b a defici5cy may lead to poor & weak %ades be+ develop$4 ,! foll[+ recipes %[ ! dyes :i* may be appli$ by ?is me?od & give "s idea ( ! col\rs t c be got4 ,only ! dye-/uffs are giv54 ,any ( ! above c\pl]s c be us$ ) !m z may be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,black4--,dye ) #e lb4 ,b5zo-nitrol black ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,olive ,gre54--,dye ) #f lb4 ,primul9e1 #c lb4 ,titan +ra9 blue & #bj lb4 salt4 ,black4--,dye ) #d lb4 ,dianil black ,c ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt4 ,d>k ,blue4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #a lb4 ,dianil d>k blue #c ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt4 ,gold ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,primul9e1 #h oz4 ,dianil br[n ,r & #bj lb4 salt4 ,*e/nut4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,primul9e1 #c_/d lb4 ,dianil br[n ,g ,o1 #a lb4 ,dianil br[n ,e1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,dianil br[n #c ,g ,o1 #c lb4 ,dianil br[n ,d1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,d>k ,gre54--,dye ) #d lb4 ,primul9e1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,dianil black ,c ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,walnut ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,dianil br[n #c ,g ,o1 #h oz4 ,dianil br[n ,r1 #c lb4 ,dianil br[n ,b ,d1 #a lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 salt4 ,light ,gre54--,dye ) #c lb4 ,primul9e1 #h oz4 ,dianil blue ,b1 #e oz4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #a lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 salt4 ,orange ,yell[4--,dye ) #c-a_/d lb4 ,primul9e1 #a lb4 ,oxydianil yell[1 & #be lb4 salt4 ,olive4--,dye ) #c-a_/b lb4 ,primul9e1 #h oz4 ,dianil br[n #c ,g ,o1 #h oz4 ,dianil blue ,b1 #d oz4 ,dianil d>k blue ,r1 #a lb4 soda1 & #be lb4 salt4 ,bright ,yell[4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,primul9e1 & #bj lb4 salt4 ,gold ,yell[4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #a lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 salt4 ,bright ,walnut4--,dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol br[n ,b1 #a lb4 ,oxydiam9e orange ,r1 #a lb4 soda1 & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,gold ,br[n4--,dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol br[n ,g1 #a lb4 ,primul9e1 & #bj lb4 salt4 ,gre54--,dye ) #b lb4 ,primul9e1 #a lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol black ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,pale ,*e/nut4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,primul9e1 #a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e orange ,r & #bj lb4 salt4 ,moss ,br[n1--,dye ) #b lb4 ,primul9e1 #a lb4 diam9e jet black ,o ,o & #bj lb4 salt4 ,*ocolate4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 #b lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol br[n ,r ,d1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,olive ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol br[n ,g1 #a lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol black ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,russian ,gre54--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9og5e extra1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,bronze ,gre54--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e grey ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,t]ra-cotta ,b$4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,oxydiam9e orange ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,t]ra-cotta ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol br[n ,r ,d1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,olive ,gre54--,dye ) #a lb4 ,primul9e1 #b lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,gre54--,dye ) #a lb4 ,primul9e1 #b lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol black ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,sage ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,primul9e1 #b lb4 ,diam9e jet black ,o ,o1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,black ,br[n4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 #b lb4 ,diam9e nitrazol black ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,walnut4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 #b lb4 ,oxydiam9e orange ,r1 #b lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,pale ,sage4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 #b lb4 ,primul9e1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 salt4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c lb4 ,diam9e jet black ,o ,o1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #c_/d lb4 ,b5zo nitrol br[n ,g1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,dye = "o h\r at ! boil4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,b5zo nitrol d>k br[n ,n1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,dye = "o h\r at ! boil4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d lb4 ,direct fa/ br[n ,b1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,dye = "o h\r at ! boil4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 #aa oz4 ,diam9e jet black ,o ,o1 #b lb4 ,cotton br[n ,n1 #a lb4 #e oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,br[n4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #f-a_/b oz4 ,cotton br[n ,n1 #i-c_/d oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e lb4 ,pluto black ,b1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b lb4 soda4 ,dye = "o h\r at ! boil4 ,solidog5 ,a is a new c\pl] t has latt]ly be5 appli$4 ,x is a syrupy liquid1 & ! c\pl+ ba? is made by tak+ f #d lb4 to #f lb4 ( ! ,solidog5 ,a1 & #a lb4 to #b lb4 ( hydro*loric acid1 9 place ( :i* #c lb4 to #e lb4 alum may be us$4 ,?is ba? is us$ at ! boil1 ! goods be+ treat$ = half an h\r1 !n well r9s$ & dri$4 ,x increases ! fa/ness ( ! col\rs to wa%+ & soap+4 ,! foll[+ recipes %[ its application3-- ,bright ,b$4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil r$ #d ,b1 #b lb4 soap1 #c lb4 soda & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n fix ) ,solidog5 ,a4 ,sc>let4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil sc>let ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #be lb4 salt2 fix ) ,solidog5 ,a4 ,plum4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,dianil cl>et ,b1 #e lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n fix ) ,solidog5 ,a4 ,topp+ ) ,basic ,dyes4--,! %ades dy$ ) ! direct dyes may be mat]ially bright5$ & new %ades produc$ by topp+ ) any ( ! basic dyes1 :i* are appli$ 9 a fre% w>m ba?4 ,a great v>iety ( effects may be ?us got ( :i* ! foll[+ recipes give a few examples3-- ,gre54--,dye ) #a lb4 ,titan yell[ ,g & #bj lb4 salt2 top ) #a_/b lb4 ,brilliant gre54 ,blue4--,dye ) #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e azo blue ,r1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n top ) #b oz4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue ,n4 ,bright ,blue4--,dye ) #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 top ) #b oz4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue #c ,r4 ,blue4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,diam9e sky blue1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & top ) #d oz4 ,brilliant gre54 ,bose ,lilac4--,dye ) #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n top ) #b oz4 ,tann9 heliotrope4 ,gre54--,dye at ! boil = "o h\r ) #b lb4 ,b5zo gre5 ,g & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n top 9 a fre% ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,turquoise blue ,b ,b4 ,violet4--,dye ) #e oz4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 #b oz4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 #a lb4 soda & #aj lb4 salt1 & top ) #a oz4 ,me?yl violet #b ,b4 ,plum4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b1 #e oz4 ,diam9e r$ #aj ,b1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n top ) #a-a_/b oz4 ,me?yl violet ,r4 ,bright ,gre54--,dye ) #a-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e gre5 ,g1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,oxydiam9e yell[ ,g ,g1 #b lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n top ) #b oz4 ,brilliant gre54 ,blue4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,b5zo azur9e ,g1 #c oz4 ,brilliant azur9e ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 topp+ ) #f oz4 ,turquoise blue ,g & #c oz4 ,new ,victoria blue ,b4 ,d>k ,lilac4--,dye ) #c-c_/d lb4 ,heliotrope ,b ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n top ) #a lb4 ,me?yl violet ,r1 & #a_/b lb4 ,me?yl violet #c ,r4 ,sc>let4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,brilliant ,congo ,r1 #c lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n top ) #h oz4 ,safran9e4 ,bright ,gre54--,dye ) #c lb4 ,*rysam9e ,g1 #b lb4 soap & #aj lb4 phosphate ( soda1 topp+ ) #c_/d lb4 ,mala*ite gre54 ,bright ,violet4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,*icago blue #f ,b1 #a lb4 soda & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 topp+ ) #aj oz4 ,me?yl violet ,b4 ,d>k ,gre54--,dye ) #b lb4 ,columbia gre51 #c lb4 soda & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 topp+ ) #aj oz4 ,mala*ite gre54 ,cl>et4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #c_/d oz4 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,b5zo purpur9e #f ,b1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,dye at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n ent] 9 a fre% cold ba? ( #a_/b lb4 ,safran9e ,g4 ,"w = tw5ty m9utes1 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,seal ,br[n4--,make up a dye-ba? ) #b lb4 ,b5zo azur9e ,g1 #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] y>n at #ahj ,f41 dye at ! boil = "o h\r1 lift1 wr+1 & ent] into a fre% ba? ( #a-a_/b lb4 ,bism>ck br[n4 ,"w = "o h\r at ab\t #ahj ,f41 lift1 r9se well & dry4 7#f7 ,,dye+ ,,on ,,tannic ,,mordant4 ,! olde/ gr\p ( coal-t> dyes are ! basic dyes1 ( :i* ,mag5ta1 ,brilliant gre51 ,*rysoid9e1 ,bism>ck br[n1 ,auram9e are typical repres5tatives4 ,= a long "t ^! dyes 7 only us$ = dye+ wool & silk2 = cotton1 l951 & "s o!r vegetable fibres !y h little or no aff9ity1 & h5ce _c dye !m direct4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 f\nd out t if ! cotton be prep>$ or mordant$ 7z x is call$7 ) tannic acid or ) any sub/ance conta9+ t comp\nd !y c\ld be us$ = dye+ cotton4 ,! mordant us$1 tannic acid1 has ! prop]ty ( comb9+ ) ! dyes ( ?is gr\p to =m insoluble col\r$ tannates4 ,n[ tannic acid has a c]ta9 am\nt ( aff9ity = cotton1 if ! latt] be imm]s$ 9 solution ( tannic acid or any mat]ial conta9+ x "s ( ! latt] is tak5 up & m or less fix$ by ! cotton fibre4 ,tannic acid is a vegetable product f\nd 9 a l>ge numb] ( plants1 & plant products1 su* z sumac1 myrabolams1 divi-divi1 galls1 oak b>k1 gambi]1 cut*1 alg>obilla1 valonia1 etc41 :i* are commonly kn[n z tann9s1 or tann9 matt]s1 on acc\nt ( _! use 9 ! conv]sion ( animal sk9s or hides into lea!r1 :i* is done 9 ! tann+ indu/ry4 ,by itself ! tann9-col\r lake1 :i* may be =m$ on ! cotton fibre by imm]sion fir/ 9 a ba? ( tann9 & !n 9 a dye-ba?1 is n fa/ to wa%+ & soap+1 b by tak+ advantage ( ! fact ) su* metals z t91 iron1 antimony1 etc41 x comb9es to =m insoluble tannates2 ! tannic acid c be fix$ on ! cotton by imm]sion 9 a ba? conta9+ su* fix+ salts z t>t> emetic1 t9 cry/als1 copp]as1 antimony fluoride1 & antimony oxalate4 ,! dye+ ( cotton ) ! basic col\rs !re=e resolves itself into ?ree op]ations3-- 7#a7 ,tann+ ) tannic acid or "s tann+ matt]s4 7#b7 ,fixation ) t>t> emetic or o!r fix+ ag5t4 7#c7 ,dye+ ) ! requir$ col\r or mixture ( col\rs4 7#a7 ,! ,tann+ ,op]ation4--,! practice ( tann+ or mordant+ cotton ) tann9 is v>i\sly c>ri$ on by dy]s4 ,"s /eep ! cotton 9 ! tann9 ba? ov] night1 o!rs imm]se x f two to ?ree h\rs 9 a lukew>m ba?1 :ile "s ent] x 9 a boil+ ba?1 :i* is !n all[$ to cool d[n & ! cotton is lift$ out4 ,! la/ is p]haps ! quicke/ me?od1 & exp]im5ts h %[n t x is z good z any o!r me?od1 if ! quantity ( tannic acid tak5 up be reg>d$ z ! crit]ion ( success4 ,9 ! natural products :i* h j be5 enum]at$1 ! tannic acid is accompani$ by "s col\r+ matt]1 :i* is also absorb$ by ! cotton2 9 "s 7sumac & galls7 ?is col\r is pres5t 9 b small quantities2 9 o!rs 7divi-divi1 myrabolams1 alg>obilla71 !re is a l>ge quantity2 !re=e cotton treat$ ) ^! comes out m or less col\r$4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t su* =ms ( tann9 _c be us$ :5 light t9ts are to be dy$1 = su* ! acid itself mu/ be us$1 = m$ium %ades sumac or galls may be us$2 :ile :5 d>k %ades--br[ns1 m>oons1 d>k gre5s1 navy blues1 etc41 are to be dy$1 !n su* tann9 matt]s z divi-divi or myrabolams may be conv5i5tly & economically adopt$4 ,! quantity us$ v>ies accord+ to circum/ances2 ! "* ( ! %ades t are to be dy$1 ! dye-/uff us$1 ! quality & "* ( ! tann9 matt] us$4 ,= pale %ades ab\t #a p] c5t4 ( tannic acid may be us$1 deep %ades require f #c to #d p] c5t4 ,( tann9 matt]s f #e p] c5t4 may be us$ = pale %ades1 f #bj to #be p] c5t4 = deep %ades4 ,! tann9 ba?s are n exhau/$1 & may be kept /&+1 add+ = ea* succe$+ lot ( cotton f #a_/b to #c_/d ( ! above quantities ( tann9 matt]s4 ,( c\rse soon] or lat] ! ba?s become unusable f v>i\s causes1 & !n !y may be ?r[n away2 b old tann9 ba?s (t5 "w bett] ?an ! new ones4 7#b7 ,! ,fix+ ,ba?4--,foll[+ on ! tann9 ba? comes ! fix+ ba? to fix ! tann9 on ! cotton 9 ! =m ( insoluble metallic tannates4 ,a v>iety ( metallic salts may be us$ = ?is purpose1 ^? ( antimony1 t91 iron1 lead1 etc41 ! sub/ances mo/ commonly us$ be+ t>t> emetic1 antimony fluoride1 oxalate ( antimony1 t9 cry/als & copp]as4 ,beyond =m+ ! insoluble tannate ( antimony or t91 z ! case may be1 ! salts ( antimony & t9 h no fur!r effect on ! tann$ cotton1 & !y may be us$ to fix ! tann9 = all t9ts or %ades1 f v pale to v deep4 ,( all ^! salts t>t> emetic has be5 f\nd to be ! be/1 probably because x is ! lea/ acid 9 its reactions1 & !re=e !re is no t5d5cy to remove any tann9 f ! fibre1 z is ! case ) ! o!r salts4 ,t9 salt is little us$ = ?is purpose1 because ( its acidity1 :i* prev5ts x f fix+ ! tann9 z completely z is ! case ) t>t> emetic4 ,) copp]as or iron liquor ! "q comes up n only ( ! m]e fixation ( ! tann91 b also ! fact t iron =ms ) tann9 grey to black comp\nds1 h5ce cotton :i* has be5 tann$ & !n imm]s$ 9 a ba? ( copp]as becomes col\r$ grey to black1 accord+ to ! quantity ( ! tann9 matt] us$4 ,! prop]ty is useful :5 d>k %ades ( m>oons1 cl>ets1 gre5s1 br[ns1 blues1 etc41 are to be dy$1 & is frequ5tly employ$4 7#c7 ,dye+4--,aft] ! tann9 & fix+ op]ations comes ! dye+4 ,?is is n by any means a difficult op]ation4 ,x is be/ c>ri$ out by prep>+ a cold ba?1 ent]+ ! prep>$ or mordant$ cotton 9 ?is & heat+ sl[ly up4 ,x is n necess>y to raise to ! boil nor to ma9ta9 ! dye-ba? at t heat1 a temp]ature ( #ahj ,f4 be+ q suffici5t 9 dye+ ) ! basic col\rs1 & ! op]ation %\ld la/ only until ! col\r+ matt] is extract$ f ! dye-ba?4 ,work+ 9 ?is way1 level uni=m %ades c be got4 ,"o s\rce ( tr\ble 9 ! dye+ ( basic dyes1 m especially ) mag5tas1 violets & gre5s1 lies 9 _! slight solubility & great /r5g?4 ,9 prep>+ solutions ( su* dyes x is be/ to dissolve ! dye-/uff by p\r+ boil+ wat] ov] x1 & /irr+ well until all appe>s to be dissolv$4 ,?is solution %\ld be /ra9$ ?r\gh a f9e clo?1 z any undissolv$ specks w be sure to fix !mselves on ! clo? & lead to d>k spots & /a9s1 z1 ow+ to ! weak solubility ( ! dye1 & ?is be+ also fix$ z insoluble tannate by ! tannic acid on ! fibre1 !re is no t5d5cy = ! dye to diffuse itself ov] ! clo?1 z occasionally happ5s 9 o!r me?ods ( dye+4 ,no advantage is ga9$ by add+ to ! dye-ba? su* sub/ances z common salt or ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"s few ( ! dyes1 e4g41 ,soluble blue1 ,victoria blue1 :i* w dye on a tannic mordant1 are sulphonat$ comp\nds ( ! col\r base4 ,^! c be dy$ 9 m$ium or light %ades on to unmordant$ cotton f a ba? conta9+ alum1 & 9 ! ord9>y me?od ( dye+ ! addition ( alum is b5eficial1 z t5d+ to result 9 ! production ( deep %ades4 ,^! are some:at fa/] to wa%+ & soap+1 :i* is ow+ to ! dye-/uff comb9+ ) ! alum9a 9 ! alum to =m an insoluble col\r lake ( ! sulphuric acid gr\ps x conta9s4 ,_m recipes c be giv5 = ! dye+ ( basic dyes on cotton2 = ! range ( t9ts & %ades ( all col\rs t c be produc$ by _! means is truly great4 ,typical recipes w be giv5 %[+ :at basic dyes are available & h[ !y c be comb9$ toge!r4 ,! dy]1 h[ev]1 :o kn[s h[ to produce %ades by comb9+ "o dye-/uff ) ano!r is able to get _m m %ades ?an space w p]mit to be giv5 "h4 ,sky ,blue4--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #b-a_/b oz4 ,victoria blue ,b1 & #a_/b oz4 ,turquoise blue ,g4 ,bright ,blue4--,mordant ) #b lb4 tannic acid & #a-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,new ,victoria blue ,b1 & #c_/d lb4 ,turquoise blue ,g4 ,pale ,gre54--,mordant ) #a-a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #a_/d lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a_/d oz4 ,brilliant gre5 & #a_/b oz4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,bright ,gre54--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #f oz4 ,brilliant gre5 & #h oz4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,turquoise ,blue4--,mordant ) #b lb4 tannic acid & #a-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic2 dye ) #a lb4 ,turquoise blue ,g4 ,crimson4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a-a_/d lb4 ,brilliant rhodul9e r$ ,b & #e oz4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,bright ,violet4--,mordant ) #b lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic2 dye ) #a-a_/d lb4 ,rhodul9e violet & #c oz4 ,me?yl violet ,b4 ,rose ,lilac4--,mordant ) #b lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic2 dye ) #c_/d lb4 ,rhodul9e violet4 ,yell[4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic2 dye ) #b lb4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,orange4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b-a_/d lb4 t>t> emetic2 dye ) #b lb4 ,*rysoid9e4 ,gre54--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #b lb4 ,brilliant gre54 ,r$ ,violet4--,mordant ) #a-a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #a-a_/d lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #h oz4 ,me?yl violet #d ,r4 ,! same me?od may be foll[$ ) all ! br&s ( ,me?yl1 ,p>is & ,h(fmann violets1 & s a range ( %ades f a purple to a pure violet c be dy$4 ,! #d ,r to ,r br&s ( ^! violets dye r$di% %ades1 ! r$ness decreas+ accord+ to ! m>k1 ! ,b to #f ,b br&s dye blui% %ades1 ! blu5ess increas+ till ! #f ,b br& dyes a v blue %ade ( violet4 ,bright ,sea-,gre54--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #b oz4 ,turquoise blue ,g & #a_/d oz4 ,new ,victoria blue ,b4 ,) ^! two blues a v great v>iety ( t9ts & %ades ( blue c be dy$4 ,sea ,gre54--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #c_/d lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #b oz4 ,mala*ite gre54 ,d>k ,gre54--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a-a_/d lb4 ,mala*ite gre5 & #c_/d oz4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,by comb9ation ( ,brilliant gre5 or ,mala*ite gre5 7:i* are ! pr9cipal basic gre5s7 ) ,auram9e 9 v>i\s proportions a great range ( gre5s ( all t9ts & %ades1 f pale to deep & f v yell[ to v gre5 t9ts1 c be dy$4 ,sc>let4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,rhodam9e #f ,g & #a_/d lb4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,p9k4--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #c_/d lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #a_/d lb4 ,rhodam9e ,g4 ,p9k4--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #c_/d lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,irisam9e ,g4 ,slate ,blue4--,mordant ) #a-a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #c_/d lb4 ,victoria blue ,b & #b oz4 ,mala*ite gre54 ,indigo ,blue4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a lb4 ,me?yl5e blue #b ,b & #a_/b lb4 ,mala*ite gre54 ,d>k ,sc>let4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a lb4 ,safran9e prima & #a_/b lb4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,grey4--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,new ,me?yl5e grey ,b4 ,blui% ,rose4--,mordant ) #b lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #a lb4 ,rhodam9e ,b4 ,m>oon4--,mordant ) #d lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #b lb4 ,mag5ta & #a_/b lb4 ,auram9e4 ,d>k ,gre54--,mordant ) #e lb4 tannic acid & #b-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,me?yl5e blue ,b ,b1 #a_/b lb4 ,me?yl violet #b ,b & #b-a_/b lb4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,orange4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #a lb4 ,new ,phosph9e ,g4 ,lilac ,grey4--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #a-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #a_/d lb4 ,me?yl5e grey ,b ,f4 ,gold ,br[n4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #a-a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #c_/d lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,t & #c_/d lb4 ,bism>ck br[n4 ,orange4--,mordant ) #b lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #a lb4 ,auram9e & #a_/d lb4 ,safran9e4 ,d>k ,blue4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #b-a_/d lb4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue ,r & #c_/d lb4 ,napht9done ,b ,b4 ,olive ,gre54--,mordant ) #e lb4 sumac extract & #b lb4 copp]as1 & dye ) #a lb4 ,auram9e4 ,russian ,gre54--,mordant ) #e lb4 sumac extract & #b lb4 copp]as1 & dye ) #b lb4 ,mala*ite gre54 ,sc>let4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,t & #a_/b lb4 ,irisam9e ,g4 ,) ^! two dye-/uffs x is possible to produce a v>iety ( useful %ades f a pure gre5i% yell[1 ) ,?i(lav9e ,t alone1 to a bright blui% p9k1 ) ! ,irisam9e alone1 ?r\gh orange1 sc>let1 etc41 ) comb9ations ( ! two dye-/uffs4 ,d>k ,grey4--,mordant ) #e lb4 sumac extract & #c lb4 copp]as1 !n dye ) #a lb4 ,new ,me?yl5e grey ,g4 ,blue ,black4--,mordant ) #h lb4 sumac extract & #d lb4 copp]as1 or bett] ) iron liquor1 !n dye ) #b lb4 ,indam9e blue ,n4 ,olive ,br[n4--,mordant ) #e lb4 sumac extract & #c lb4 copp]as1 & dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,new ,phosph9e ,g4 ,indigo ,blue4--,mordant ) #a-a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic2 dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue ,n4 ,sky ,blue4--,mordant ) #a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #c_/d lb4 t>t> emetic2 dye ) #a-a_/b oz4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue ,g ,g4 ,d>k ,violet4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #d lb4 ,fa/ neutral violet ,b4 ,bright ,yell[4--,mordant ) #b lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #b lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,t4 ,primrose ,yell[4--,mordant ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #a_/d lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #b oz4 ,?i(lav9e ,t4 ,navy ,blue4--,mordant ) #e lb4 sumac extract & #c lb4 copp]as1 !n dye ) #b lb4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue ,r4 ,violet4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #b lb4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue #c ,r4 ,d>k ,blue4--,mordant ) #e lb4 sumac extract & #c lb copp]as1 & dye ) #b lb4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue ,n ,x4 ,blue ,black4--,mordant ) #h lb4 sumac extract & iron liquor1 !n dye ) #c lb4 ,metaph5yl5e blue ,b4 ,em]ald ,t9t4--,mordant ! cotton 9 ! usual way ) #a lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic2 dye to %ade at #ahj ,f4 9 a ba? conta9+ #ad oz4 ,auram9e ,g1 #b oz4 ,brilliant gre51 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,orange4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 !n dye ) #d lb4 ,tann9 orange ,r4 ,sc>let4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #b lb4 ,tann9 orange ,r & #a lb4 ,safran9e ,s4 ,d>k ,sc>let4--,mordant ) #c lb4 tannic acid & #b lb4 t>t> emetic1 & dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,tann9 orange ,r & #b lb4 ,safran9e ,s4 ,! ,janus col\rs are a s]ies ( dyes ( a basic nature :i* c be appli$ some:at diff]5tly to ! ord9>y basic dyes1 al?\gh ! ord9>y me?od c be foll[$4 ,) ^! ,janus dyes a two-ba? process is foll[$4 ,a dye-ba? is prep>$ conta9+ ! dye-/uff1 sulphuric acid & common salt1 & ?is is us$ at ! boil f half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & ! goods are all[$ to rema9 9 ano!r ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r :ile ! ba? cools d[n4 ,next ! dy$ goods are run 9 a fix+ ba? ( sulphuric acid1 tannic acid & t>t> emetic1 ?is is us$ at ! boil f half to "o h\r1 aft] :i* ! dy$ goods are tak5 out & wa%$4 ,if necess>y ! goods may be n[ topp$ ) basic col\rs 9 ord] to produce any desir$ %ade4 ,! foll[+ recipes w %[ h[ ! ,janus dyes may be us$3-- ,blue4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #h oz4 ,janus blue ,g1 & #e lb4 common salt2 fix ) #c_/d lb4 sulphuric acid1 #h oz4 tannic acid & #d oz4 t>t> emetic4 ,turquoise ,blue4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #a lb4 ,janus gre5 ,b & #aj lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #c_/d lb4 sulphuric acid1 #a lb4 tann9 & #a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic4 ,d>k ,blue4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,janus blue ,r & #ae lb4 common salt2 fix ) #c_/d lb4 sulphuric acid1 #b-a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #a-a_/d lb4 t>t> emetic4 ,buff4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #b oz4 ,janus yell[ ,r & #c lb4 salt2 fix ) #c_/d lb4 sulphuric acid1 #c oz4 tannic acid & #c lb4 t>t> emetic4 ,crimson4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,janus r$ ,b & #ae lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #c_/d lb4 sulphuric acid1 #b-a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #a-a_/d lb4 t>t> emetic4 ,r$ ,violet4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #a lb4 ,janus cl>et r$ ,b & #aj lb4 salt2 fix ) #ab oz4 sulphuric acid1 #a lb4 tannic acid & #a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic4 ,orange4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #a lb4 ,janus yell[ ,r & #aj lb4 salt2 fix ) #ab oz4 sulphuric acid1 #a lb4 tannic acid & #a_/b lb4 t>t> emetic4 ,d>k ,violet4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #b lb4 ,janus grey ,b & #ae lb4 salt2 fix ) #ab oz4 sulphuric acid1 #b-a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #a-a_/d lb4 t>t> emetic4 ,*ocolate ,br[n4--,dye ) #i oz4 sulphuric acid1 #c-a_/b lb4 ,janus br[n ,b & #ae lb4 salt1 fix+ ) #b oz4 sulphuric acid1 #b-a_/b lb4 tannic acid & #a lb4 t>t> emetic4 7#f7 ,,dye+ ,,on ,,metallic ,,mordants4 ,!re are a numb] ( dye-/uffs or col\r+ matt]s l aliz>9e1 logwood1 fu/ic1 b>wood1 cut*1 resorc9e gre51 etc41 :i* h no aff9ity = ! cotton fibre1 & ( !mselves w n dye x4 ,!y h ! prop]ty ( comb9+ ) metallic oxides su* z ^? ( iron1 *romium1 alum9ium1 t91 lead1 calcium1 etc41 to =m col\r$ bodies :i* are m or less insoluble 9 wat]4 ,^! col\r$ bodies are call$ col\r lakes1 & ! metallic comp\nds us$ 9 connection ) _! production mordants1 h5ce (t5 ! dye-/uffs appli$ by ?is me?od are t]m$ mordant dyes4 ,9 ! case ( ! natural dye-/uffs--logwood1 fu/ic1 ,p]sian b]ries1 ,brazil wood1 camwood1 co*9eal1 qu]citron1 cut*1 etc4--:i* belong to ?is gr\p ( mordant dyes1 ! :ole ( ! mat]ial does n ent] into ! op]ation1 b only a c]ta9 con/itu5t conta9$ !re91 :i* is commonly soluble 9 boil+ wat]1 & extract$ out by boil+4 ,?is con/itu5t is call$ ! col\r+ pr9ciple ( ! dye-/uff or wood1 & naturally v>ies ) ea*4 ,x is n int5d$ "h to deal 9 detail ) ^! col\r+ pr9ciples4 ,! me?ods ( apply+ & ! col\rs :i* c be got f ^! dyes v>ies v mu*4 ,r\ghly1 ! modes ( application fall "u ?ree heads3 7#a7 ! p>ticul> metallic mordant is fir/ fix$ on ! fibre by any suitable me?od1 & !n ! fibre is dy$2 7#b7 ! dye-/uff is fir/ appli$ to ! fibre1 & !n ! col\r is fix$ & develop$ by treatm5t ) ! mordant2 & 7#c7 ! dye-/uff & ! mordant are appli$ at ! same "t4 ,?is la/ me?od is n mu* us$4 ,9 ! foll[+ sections _m examples ( ^! me?ods w be giv54 ,! dyes fix$ ) metallic mordant v>y 9 _! composition & prop]ties4 ,!re is fir/ ! gr\p ( eos9e dyes1 :i* are acid d]ivatives ( a col\r-base1 &1 9 virtue ( be+ s1 w comb9e ) ! metallic oxides4 ,! col\r ( ^! col\r lakes is q indep5d5t ( :at oxide is us$1 dep5d+ only on t ( ! p>ticul> eos9e dye employ$4 ,!n !re are "s memb]s ( ! azo dyes1 p>ticul>ly ! croce9e sc>lets1 :i* c also be dy$ on ! cotton by ! aid ( t91 lead or alum mordants4 ,"h1 aga91 ! mordant has no influ5ce on ! col\r1 b only fixes x on ! cotton4 ,! mo/ important class ( dye-/uffs :i* are dy$ on to cotton ) a metallic mordant is t to :i* ! t]m mordant dyes is n[ giv54 ,?is includes su* dyes z logwood1 fu/ic1 madd]1 aliz>9e1 & all ! dyes d]iv$ f an?rac5e4 ,_m ( ^! are n really dyes1 t is1 !y w n ( !mselves produce or develop a col\r on to any fibre :5 us$ alone2 x is only :5 !y comb9e ) ! mordant oxide :i* is us$1 & !n ! col\r v>ies ) ! mordant4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 logwood ) iron produces a blui% black2 ) *rome1 a blue2 ) alum9a1 a r$di% blue4 ,aliz>9e ) iron produces a d>k violet2 ) alum9a1 a sc>let2 ) *rome1 a r$2 ) t91 a bright sc>let4 ,fu/ic gives ) t9 & alum9a1 bright yell[s2 ) *rome1 a d>k yell[2 ) iron1 an olive1 & s on ) o!r memb]s ( ?is gr\p1 ( :i* m w be said lat] on4 ,dye+ ) ,eos9es4 ,at "o "t a fairly l>ge quantity ( cotton 0 dy$ ) ! eos9es1 ow+ to ! brightness ( ! %ades giv5 by !m2 b ! introduction ( su* direct dyes z ! ,erikas1 ,c]an9es1 etc41 has ?r[n ! eos9es out ( use4 ,! me?od adopt$ = ! production ( eos9e p9ks & sc>lets on cotton involves ?ree op]ations3 7#a7 impregnat+ ! clo? ) sodium /annate2 7#b7 fix+ oxide ( t9 by a ba? ( weak sulphuric acid2 & 7#c7 dye+ ) ! eos9e4 7#a7 ,prep>+ ) ,sodium ,/annate4--,a ba? ( #h ,tw4 is prep>$1 & ! cotton is all[$ to /eep 9 ?is ba? until x becomes ?or\ghly impregnat$1 aft] :i* x is tak5 out & wrung4 7#b7 ,fix+ ! ,t9 ,oxide4--,a ba? ( sulphuric acid ( #b to #d ,tw4 is prep>$1 & ! cotton is s5t ?r\gh x1 aft] :i* x is wa%$ well ) wat]1 :5 x is ready = dye+4 ,/annate ( soda is easily decompos$ by acids2 ev5 ! c>bonic acid pres5t 9 ! air w br+ ab\t ?is *ange4 ,! t9 conta9$ 9 ! /annate is deposit$ on ! cotton 9 ! =m ( /annic oxide1 or1 m /rictly1 /annic acid4 ,z ?is is some:at soluble 9 acids1 x is important t ! sulphuric acid ba? be n too /rong1 or !re w be a t5d5cy = ! t9 oxide to be dissolv$ (f ! cotton1 & !n b weak %ades w be obta9$ 9 ! f9al op]ation ( dye+4 ,fur!r1 ow+ to ! decomposition ( ! /annate by exposure to ! air1 x is important t ! sub/ance %\ld be us$ :ile fre%1 & t only fre% ba?s %\ld be us$4 7#c7 ,dye+ ) ,eos9e ,col\rs4--,aft] ! treatm5t ) /annate ( soda & sulphuric acid ! prep>$ cotton is ready = dye+4 ,?is process is c>ri$ out by prep>+ a cold ba? ) ! requir$ dye-/uff1 ent]+ ! cotton !re91 & !n sl[ly rais+ to ab\t #ahj ,f41 & ma9ta9+ at t heat until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$4 ,x is n ne$ful to raise to ! boil & "w at t heat4 ,no bett] results are obta9$1 :ile !re is ev5 a t5d5cy = col\rs to be produc$ t rub badly1 :i* is due to ! too rapid =mation ( ! col\r lake2 & x is wor?y ( note t :5 a col\r lake is rapidly =m$ on ! fibre 9 dye+ x is apt to be b loosely fix$1 & ! col\r is !n loose to bo? wa%+ & rubb+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dye+ ) ,acid & ,azo ,dyes4 ,9 dye+ ) ?is class ( col\rs /annate ( soda1 acetate ( lead or alum may be us$ z mordants4 ,! /annate ( soda is employ$ 9 ! same mann] z :5 ! eos9es are us$1 &1 !re=e1 does n require to be fur!r dealt )4 ,acetate ( lead is us$ 9 a simil> way4 ,! cotton is fir/ /eep$ 9 a ba? ( acetate ( lead ( ab\t #aj ,tw4 /rong1 us$ cold1 & f half an h\r to an h\r is all[$ = ! cotton to be ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! lead solution1 x is !n wrung & pass$ a second "t into a ba? ( soda1 :5 lead oxide or lead c>bonate is deposit$ on ! cotton4 ,aft] ?is treatm5t ! cotton is ready = dye+ ) any k9d ( acid1 azo & ev5 eos9e dyes1 & ?is is done 9 ! same mann] z is us$ 9 dye+ ! eos9es on a /annate mordant4 ,! %ades obta9$ on a lead mordant _c be consid]$ z fa/2 !y ble$ on wa%+ & rub (f badly4 ,:5 alum is us$ z ! mordant x may be employ$ 9 ! same way z acetate ( lead1 b z a rule x is add$ to ! dye-ba? direct1 & ! dye+ is done at ! boil4 ,?is latt] me?od gives equally good results1 & is m simple4 ,! eos9es & ery?ros9es1 wat] blues1 soluble blues1 croce9e sc>lets1 clo? sc>lets1 & a few o!r dyes ( ! azo & acid s]ies are us$ accord+ to ?is me?od4 ,! results are by no means fir/ class1 deep %ades _c be obta9$1 & !y are n fa/ to wa%+1 soap+ & rubb+4 ,! me?ods ( employ+ ! mu* m important gr\p ( col\r+ matt]s kn[n z ! mordant dyes1 :i* comprise su* well-kn[n products z logwood1 fu/ic & aliz>9e1 require m att5tion4 ,) ^!1 alum9a1 iron1 & *romium mordants are us$ z *ief mordants1 ei!r alone or 9 comb9ation ) "o ano!r1 & ) o!r bodies4 ,! pr9cipal po9t is to obta9 a good deposit ( ! mordant on ! cotton fibre1 & ?is is by no means easy4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods by ! use ( :i* a deposit is =m$ ( ! mordant1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( metallic oxide 7or1 p]haps1 hydroxide7 or ( a basic salt4 ,9 "s cases ! cotton is pass$ ?r\gh alt]nate ba?s conta9+1 on "o h&1 ! mordant+ salt1 e4g41 alum1 copp]as1 etc41 &1 on ! o!r1 a fix+ ag5t1 su* z soda or phosphate ( soda4 ,or a mordant+ salt may be us$1 conta9+ "s volatile acid t on be+ subject$ to a subsequ5t /eam+ is decompos$4 ,bo? ^! me?ods w be briefly discuss$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,me?ods ( ,mordant+4 ,! cotton is fir/ /eep$ 9 a ba? conta9+ ,turkey-r$ oil1 & is !n dri$4 ,by ?is means !re is =m$ on ! fibre a deposit ( fatty acid1 :i* is ( great value 9 ! subsequ5t dye+ op]ations to produce bright & fa/ %ades4 ,aft] ! oil+ comes a ba? ( alum or alum9a sulphate1 ei!r us$ z b\ght1 or made basic by ! addition ( soda4 ,! result is to br+ ab\t on ! fibre a comb9ation ( ! fatty acid ) ! alum9a4 ,foll[+ on ! alum ba? comes a ba? conta9+ soda or phosphate ( soda1 :i* br+s ab\t a bett] fixation ( ! alum9a4 ,^! op]ations may be repeat$ sev]al times1 especially :5 a full %ade hav+ a good degree ( fa/ness is desir$1 z1 = in/ance1 ,turkey-r$s f ,aliz>9e4 ,?is me?od ( mordant+ is subject to consid]able v>iations z reg>ds ! ord] 9 :i* ! v>i\s op]ations are c>ri$ out1 ! /r5g? ( ! ba?s1 & _! composition4 ,a great deal dep5ds ^u ! ultimate result desir$ to be obta9$1 & ! price to be paid = ! "w4 ,iron is mu* easi] to fix on cotton ?an is ei!r alum9a or *rome4 ,x is usually suffici5t to pass ! cotton ?r\gh a ba? ( ei!r copp]as or iron liquor1 hang up to dry or age1 & !n pass into a ba? ( lime1 soda or ev5 phosphate ( soda4 ,! o!r mordants require two passages to ensure prop] deposition ( ! mordant on ! fibre4 ,foll[+ on ! mordant+ op]ations comes ! dye+1 :i* is c>ri$ out 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! ba? is made cold ) ! requir$ am\nt ( dye-/uff & n too small a quantity ( wat]1 ! cotton is imm]s$ & work$ = a %ort "t to ensure impregnation1 !n ! temp]ature is sl[ly rais$ to ! boil4 ,?is op]ation %\ld be c>efully c>ri$ out1 inasmu* z "t is an important elem5t 9 ! dye+ ) mordant col\rs2 ! col\r+ pr9ciple conta9$ 9 ! dye-/uff mu/ ent] into a *emical comb9ation ) ! mordant t has be5 fix$ on ! fibre4 ,heat greatly assi/s ?is be+ br\ght ab\t1 b if ! op]ation is c>ri$ on too quickly1 !n !re is a t5d5cy = unev5 %ades to be =m$4 ,?is c only be rem$i$ by keep+ ! temp]ature l[ until ! dye-/uff has be5 fairly well unit$ ) ! mordant1 & !n ma9ta9+ ! heat at ! boil to ensure complete =mation ( ! col\r+ lake on ! fibre1 & !re=e ! production ( fa/ col\rs4 ,x has be5 notic$ 9 ! dye+ ( aliz>9es on bo? cotton & wool t :51 ow+ to a v>iety ( circum/ances1 local ov]heat+ ( ! ba? happ5s to take place d>k /ra9s or /reaks are sure to be =m$4 ,to avoid ^! c>e %\ld be tak5 t no su* local heat+ c occur4 ,x only rema9s to add t x is possible to dye a great range ( %ades by ?is me?od1 r$s ) aliz>9e & alum9a2 blacks ) logwood & iron2 gre5s f logwood1 fu/ic1 or ,p]sian b]ries1 ) *rome & iron2 blues f aliz>9e blues2 gre5s f ,co]ule9e or ,d9itrosoresorc9e1 etc4 ,ano!r me?od ( mordant+ cotton = ! mordant gr\p ( dye-/uffs is t 9 :i* ! cotton is impregnat$ ) a salt ( ! mordant oxide d]iv$ f a volatile acid su* z acetic acid1 & !n subject$ to heat or /eam+4 ,?is me?od is l>gely tak5 advantage ( by calico pr9t]s = gr\nds1 & dy]s might make use ( x to a mu* l>g] ext5t ?an !y d4 ,!re are us$ 9 ?is process ! acetates ( iron1 *romium & alum9ium1 & bisulphites ( ! same metals & a few o!r comp\nds4 ,ba?s ( ^! are prep>$1 & ! cotton is impregnat$ by /eep+ 9 ! usual way2 !n x is g5tly wrung out & ag$1 t is1 hung up 9 a w>m room ov]night4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! mordant p5etrates m ?or\ghly into ! sub/ance ( ! fabric1 :ile ! acid1 be+ m or less volatile1 passes (f--probably n entirely1 b at any rate "s ( ! metal is left 9 ! condition ( oxide & ! bulk ( x z a basic salt4 ,in/ead ( age+ ! cotton may be subject$ to a process ( /eam+ ) ! same results4 ,aft] ?is ! cotton is ready = dye+1 :i* is done by ! me?od describ$ 9 ! la/ section4 ,!re is /ill ano!r me?od to be notic$ "h1 t is1 "o 9 :i* a ba? is prep>$ conta9+ bo? ! mordant & ! dye-/uff4 ,9 ?is case ! "* ( ! mordant mu/ be su* t1 "u ! conditions t prevail1 x w n =m a col\r lake ) ! dye-/uff4 ,su* sub/ances are ! bisulphites1 if us$ ) ! bisulphite comp\nds ( ! dye-/uffs2 ! acetates1 if mix$ ) "s acetic acid1 may also be us$4 ,! process consi/s 9 prep>+ ! dye-ba? conta9+ bo? ! mordant & ! dye-/uff1 ent]+ ! cotton1 /eep+ = "s "t1 !n wr++ & /eam+4 ,dur+ ! latt] op]ation ! acid comb9$ ) ! mordant1 be+ volatile1 passes away1 & ! col\r+ matt] & mordant ent] into comb9ation to =m ! col\r lake1 :i* is firmly fix$ ^u ! fibre4 ,v good results may be obta9$ by ?is me?od4 ,la/ly1 9 connection ) ! mordant col\rs1 att5tion may be direct$ to ! process ( us+ "s ( !m1 :i* consi/s 9 mak+ a solution ( ! dye-/uff 9 ammonia1 impregnat+ ! cotton ) ?is alkal9e solution1 & subject+ x to a /eam+ op]ation1 dur+ :i* ! alkali1 be+ volatile1 passes away1 leav+ ! col\r+ matt] beh9d 9 an insoluble =m4 ,! cotton is next pass$ into a weak ba? ( ! mordant 7pref]ably ! acetates ( iron1 etc4741 ?is be+ us$ fir/ cold & !n gradually heat$ up4 ,! dye on ! fibre & ! mordant comb9e to =m ! desir$ col\r1 :i* is fix$ on ! fibre4 ,! *rome mordants are ^? :i* are mo/ commonly appli$ by ! me?ods "h sket*$ out1 & ) ! l>ge & increas+ numb] ( mordant dyes available1 ! processes %\ld be wor? att5tion f ! cotton dy]4 ,! foll[+ recipes give full] details ?an ! outl9e sket*es ( ! me?ods giv5 above = ! use ( ! v>i\s dyes produc$ ) ! mordant dyes & metallic mordants4 ,9 "s cases z w be se5 o!r dyes may be add$ to produce special %ades3-- ,d>k ,olive4--,prep>e a ba? f #h lb4 cut*1 #d lb4 logwood extract1 #g lb4 fu/ic extract1 #b lb4 copp] sulphate4 ,"w 9 ?is = "o to "o & a half h\rs at ! boil4 ,?is ba? may be kept /&+1 add+ new +r$i5ts f "t to "t1 & works be/ :5 x gets old4 ,!n pass into a cold ba? ( #c lb4 copp]as = "o h\r1 !n wa% & ent] into a new ba? ( #aj lb4 salt1 #f oz4 ,titan blue #c ,b1 #f oz4 ,titan br[n ,r1 #f oz4 ,titan yell[ ,y1 "w = "o h\r at ! boil1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,br[n4--,prep>e a ba? ) #bj lb4 cut*1 #b lb4 copp] sulphate1 #d lb4 qu]citron extract4 ,"w = "o & a qu>t] h\rs at ! boil1 !n all[ to lie = a day1 :5 ! goods are pass$ into a ba? conta9+ #c lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a lb4 alum4 ,"w at #aej to #afj ,f4 9 ?is = a few m9utes1 !n all[ to lie = f\r to five h\rs1 wa% well & dry4 ,olive4--,"w = tw5ty m9utes at #hj ,f4 9 a ba? ( #aj lb4 fu/ic extract1 #e lb4 qu]citron extract1 #b lb4 logwood extract2 heat to boil1 "w = half an h\r1 !n ent] 9 a cold ba? ( #b lb4 sodium bi*romate & #e lb4 copp] sulphate2 "w = tw5ty m9utes1 !n heat to boil2 "w = tw5ty m9utes m1 wa% & dry4 ,pale ,br[n4--,treat 9 a hot ba? ( #be lb4 cut*1 #a-c_/d lb4 blue/one2 "w = half an h\r 9 ?is ba?1 !n lift1 wr+1 & "w 9 a ba? ( #a-c_/d lb4 bi*romate ( pota% = tw5ty to ?irty m9utes4 ,dye 9 a ba? ( #b-a_/d lb4 alum1 #g oz4 ,*rysoid91 #ad oz4 ,ponceau ,b4 ,fa/ ,br[n4--,! cotton is heat$ 9 a boil+ ba? conta9+ #bj lb4 cut*1 #d oz4 copp] sulphate = "o h\r1 x is !n treat$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #h oz4 bi*romate ( pota% = half an h\r1 !n dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #b oz4 ,b5zo black blue1 #f oz4 ,b5zo br[n ,n ,b1 #b lb4 soap1 #h lb4 salt1 = "o h\r at ! boil1 wa%$ & dri$4 ,drab4--,dissolve #a_/b lb4 cut*1 #g lb4 blue/one1 #h lb4 extract ( fu/ic2 ent] goods at #abj ,f41 give six turns1 lift & dra94 ,prep>e a fre% ba? conta9+ #b lb4 copp]as2 ent] goods1 give ?ree turns1 lift1 & ent] fre% ba? at #abj1 conta9+ #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 give f\r turns1 dra91 wa% & dry4 ,c(fee ,br[n4--,= "o piece1 wet out 9 hot wat]1 run = half an h\r ^u a jigg] 9 a ba? ( #f lb4 good cut*1 take up & dra9 9 a ba? ( #h lb4 black iron liquor2 dra91 run aga9 ?r\gh ea* ba? & r9se well4 ,prep>e a fre% ba? ) ,bism>ck br[n1 ent] at #ajj ,f41 heat sl[ly to #bjj ,f41 dra91 r9se & dry4 ,d>k ,br[n ,olive4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #ab lb4 cut*1 #b lb4 blue/one1 #b-a_/b lb4 alum1 #aj lb4 qu]citron extract1 #b lb4 indigo c>m9e #d lb4 turm]ic1 #a_/d lb4 ,bism>ck br[n2 boil = "o & a half h\rs1 !n lift & add #a lb4 copp]as2 re-ent] ! goods1 give ano!r half-h\r1 boil1 !n add #a-a_/b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 "w two h\rs m1 !n wa% & dry4 ,r$ ,drab4--,boil up #aj lb4 cut* & #e lb4 sumac2 ent] ! cotton at #adj ,f41 "w fifte5 m9utes & lift4 ,prep>e a fre% ba? ( #d lb4 black iron liquor2 ent] ! cotton cold1 "w t5 m9utes & lift4 ,prep>e ano!r ba? ) #c lb4 bi*romate ( pota%2 ent] cotton at #afj ,f41 "w fifte5 m9utes1 lift & wa%4 ,f9i% 9 a fre% ba? conta9+ #c lb4 logwood1 #f lb4 r$ liquor2 ent] cotton at #ajj ,f41 "w t5 m9utes1 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,fawn4--,boil up #e lb4 cut* & #e oz4 blue/one1 cool to #ajj ,f42 ent]1 give six turns1 lift1 & add #b lb4 copp]as2 re-ent] cotton1 give f\r turns1 lift & wr+4 ,prep>e a fre% ba? ) #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota%2 ent] cotton at #aaj ,f41 give five turns1 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,grey ,slate4--,boil up #aj lb4 sumac1 #c lb4 fu/ic extract2 cool d[n to #abj ,f41 give eight turns1 lift & wr+4 ,prep>e a fre% ba? ) #e lb4 copp]as2 ent] cotton cold1 give five turns1 lift & wa%4 ,d>k ,plum4--,lay d[n ov]night 9 #cj lb4 sumac4 ,next morn+ wr+ & ent] 9 a fre% ba? ( oxy-muriate ( t9 #bj ,tw41 give f\r turns1 lift & wa% well 9 two wat]s4 ,boil out #dj lb4 gr\nd logwood1 #aj lb4 gr\nd fu/ic1 cool ba? d[n to #adj ,f42 ent] cotton1 give eight turns1 lift & add #a-a_/b gallons r$ liquor2 re-ent] y>n1 give f\r turns1 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,pale ,*amois4--,"w ! cotton sev5 turns 9 a cold ba? ( #c lb4 copp]as1 !n wr+ & pass into a cold ba? ( #c lb4 soda a%2 "w well1 wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,br[n ,olive4--,prep>e a ba? ( #bh lb4 fu/ic1 #c_/d lb4 logwood1 #ah lb4 cut*1 #d lb4 turm]ic1 #b lb4 copp] sulphate1 #c_/d lb4 alum2 "w = an h\r at ! boil1 !n sadd5 9 a new ba? ( #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota% = half an h\r1 !n sadd5 9 a new ba? ( #a_/d lb4 nitrate ( iron1 work+ 9 ! cold = half an h\r1 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,havana ,br[n4--,prep>e a ba? ) #d lb4 cut* & #a lb4 blue/one2 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n pass ?r\gh a w>m ba? ( #a_/b lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #a lb4 sulphuric acid4 ,wa% & dye 9 a ba? ( #c_/d lb4 ,bism>ck br[n & #d lb4 alum2 "w = "o h\r at ab\t #ahj ,f41 wa% & dry4 ,black4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #bj lb4 extract ( logwood1 #d lb4 cut*1 #e lb4 soda a%1 #e lb4 copp] sulphate4 ,heat to ! boil1 ent] ! cotton1 & "w well = ?ree h\rs1 !n lift1 & all[ to lie ov]night 9 a wet condition1 wa% & pass into a ba? ( #a lb4 bi*romate ( pota% = half an h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,! dye-ba? is n exhau/$1 & only ab\t "o-?ird ( ! v>i\s drugs ne$ be add$ = fur!r bat*es ( cotton4 ,res$a ,gre54--,prep>e a ba? ) #ae lb4 cut*1 #h lb4 turm]ic2 "w 9 ?is = fifte5 m9utes at ab\t #aej ,f41 !n pass ?r\gh a hot ba? ( #b lb4 bi*romate ( pota% = "o h\r1 !n re-ent] into a cut* ba? to :i* has be5 add$1 #a lb4 sulphate ( iron2 "w = "o h\r1 !n add #b lb4 alum & "w half an h\r long]1 r9se1 wa% & dry4 ,fawn ,br[n4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #d lb4 cut*1 #b lb4 fu/ic extract2 "w = "o h\r at h& heat1 !n lift1 & pass ?r\gh a ba? ( #a-a_/d lb4 bi*romate ( pota%2 "w = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 r9se & pass into a fre% ba? ( #a oz4 ,bism>ck br[n = t5 m9utes1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,beige4--,prep>e a ba? ) #bj lb4 sumac2 ent] cotton at #abj ,f41 give six turns1 lift & add #a_/b lb4 copp]as2 re-ent] cotton1 give f\r turns & wr+4 ,prep>e a fre% ba? conta9+ #b lb4 extract ( fu/ic1 #c oz4 extract ( indigo2 ent] cotton at #abj ,f41 give ?ree turns1 raise temp]ature to #adj ,f41 & turn to %ade1 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,turkey ,r$4--,"o ( ! mo/ important col\rs dy$ on cotton is t kn[n z ,turkey r$1 a bright r$ ( a blui% tone1 *>act]is$ by its great fa/ness to light1 wa%+1 etc4 ,/rong alkalies turn x m yell[i%1 b weak acids & alkalies h little action4 ,into ! hi/ory ( ! dye+ ( ,turkey r$ x is n int5d$ to ent]1 ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! subject %\ld ref] to old works on dye+2 nor is x int5d$ to speak ( old me?ods ( produc+ x ) ! aid ( madd]1 b r to give "s ( ! mo/ mod]n me?ods = dye+ x ) aliz>9e4 ,_m processes diff]+ some:at 9 detail h be5 devis$ = dye+ ,turkey r$ on cotton1 & x is probable t no two ,turkey-r$ dy]s "w exactly alike4 ,x is difficult to produce ! mo/ p]fect r$1 & a v great deal ( c>e 9 c>ry+ out ! v>i\s op]ations is necess>y to obta9 x4 ,?is c>e & ! numb] ( op]ations makes ,turkey r$ an exp5sive col\r to dye1 & s %ort] me?ods are 9 use :i* dye a r$ on cotton t is *eap]1 b n s brilliant or fa/ z a true ,turkey r$4 ,process #a4--,?is process is p]haps ! mo/ elaborate ( all processes1 b x yields a f9e r$4 ,! process is applicable to clo? or y>n1 al?\gh naturally ! ma*9]y us$ w v>y to suit ! diff]5t conditions ( ! mat]ial4 ,blea*$ y>n or clo? may be treat$1 al?\gh a full blea* is n necess>y1 b ! clo? or y>n mu/ be clean or well sc\r$1 s t x is free f grease & o!r impurities4 ,op]ation #a4 ,boil ! cotton = six to eight h\rs ) a c>bonate ( soda lye at #a ,tw4 9 a ki] at ord9>y pressure1 !n wa% well1 wr+1 or1 bett]1 hydro-extract4 ,op]ation #b4 ,fir/ gre5+3 ,:at is call$ ! fir/ gre5 liquor is prep>$ by tak+ #ae lb4 ( gallipoli oil1 #c lb4 phosphate ( soda & #ae lb4 c>bonate ( soda1 ! liquor to /& at #b ,tw4 ,orig9ally ?is liquor 0 made ) %eep dung1 b ?is is n[ omitt$4 ,! cotton is work$ 9 ?is liquor1 :i* is kept at #ajj ,f41 until x is ?or\ghly impregnat$1 !n x is tak5 out1 squeez$ & dri$1 or 9 "s cases pil$ ov]night & !n /ov$4 ,op]ation #c4 ,second gre5 liquor4 ,z be=e4 ,op]ation #d4 ,?ird gre5 liquor4 ,z be=e4 ,op]ation #e4 ,a c>bonate ( soda liquor ( #b ,tw4 /r5g? is prep>$1 & ! cotton /eep$ 9 ?is until x is ?or\ghly impregnat$1 !n x is wrung out & /ov$4 ,?is is call$ :ite liquor treatm5t4 ,op]ation #f4 ,second :ite liquor4 ,z be=e4 ,op]ation #g4 ,/eep+3 ,prep>e a ba? ( wat] at #aej ,f41 & /eep = twelve h\rs1 !n wr+ & dry4 ,op]ation #h4 ,sumac+3 ,a liquor is made f #ab lb4 sumac ) wat]1 & aft] /ra9+ f undissolv$ sumac leaves ! liquor is made to /& at #b ,tw41 ?is is kept at ab\t a #ajj ,f41 & ! cotton is well work$ 9 x & all[$ to /eep = f\r h\rs1 aft] :i* x is tak5 out & wrung4 ,op]ation #i4 ,mordant+ or alum+3 #bj lb4 ( alum are dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 & #e lb4 ( soda cry/als are sl[ly add$ 9 ord] to prep>e a basic alum solution2 ?is is n[ made by ! addition ( wat] to /& at #h ,tw4 ,! sumac$ cotton is work$ 9 ?is ba? & all[$ to /eep = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 :5 x is tak5 out & wrung4 ,"s dy]s add a little t9 cry/als to ?is ba?2 o!rs add a small quantity ( r$ liquor4 ,op]ation #aj4 ,! dye+3 ,a cold ba? is prep>$ ) #aj lb4 to #ab lb4 aliz>9e1 #c lb4 sumac extract1 & #b oz4 lime4 ,! cotton is ent]$ into ! cold ba?1 work$ f fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes s z to get x ?or\ghly impregnat$2 !n ! heat is sl[ly rais$ to ! boil & ! dye+ c>ri$ on at t heat until ! full %ade is obta9$1 :i* usually takes ab\t an h\r4 ,accord+ to ! br& ( aliz>9e us$ s w ! %ade t is obta9$ v>y1 z w be m5tion$ lat] on4 ,op]ation #aa4 ,fir/ cle>+3 ,! dy$ cotton is plac$ 9 a boil] & boil$ = f\r h\rs ) #c lb4 soda cry/als & #c lb4 palm oil soap1 aft]w>ds wa%+ well4 ,op]ation #ab4 ,second cle>+3 ,! dy$ cotton is aga9 boil$ = two h\rs ) #b-a_/b lb4 soap & #a_/b lb4 t9 cry/als1 !n give a good wa%+ & dry4 ,?is process is a long "o--inde$1 "s dy]s by repeat+ "s ( ! op]ations l5g!n x--& x takes at lea/ two weeks1 9 "s cases ?ree weeks1 to c>ry out4 ,! fir/ idea is to get ! cotton ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! oil1 & ?is oxidis$ to "s ext5t on ! fibre1 & to ?is end ! oil treatm5ts are c>ri$ out4 ,9 ?is process exp]i5ce has %[n t olive oil is ! be/ to use1 al?\gh o!r oils h be5 tri$ f "t to "t4 ,! sumac+ enables ! alum9a to be m firmly fix$ on to ! cotton4 ,! alum9a comb9es ) bo? ! oil & ! sumac1 & ! result+ mordant produces a bett] & m brilliant r$ ) ! aliz>9e4 ,! cle>+ op]ations s]ve to remove impurities1 to bright5 ! col\r1 & to m fully fix x on ! cotton4 ,process #b4--,op]ation #a4 ,! cotton is well blea*$ or sc\r$ ) soda 9 ! usual way4 ,op]ation #b4 ,oil+ or prep>+3 ,a liquor is made f #aj lb4 aliz>9e oil or ,turkey-r$ oil 9 #aj gallons wat]4 ,?is oil is prep>$ f ca/or oil by a process ( treatm5t ) sulphuric acid1 wa%+ ) wat] & neutralis+ ) cau/ic soda4 ,! cotton is ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ?is oil by /eep+1 !n x is wrung out & dri$4 ,op]ation #c4 ,/eam+3 ,! cotton is put into a /eam+ cottage or cont9u\s /eam+ *amb] & /eam$ = f "o to "o & a half h\rs at ab\t #e lb4 pressure4 ,op]ation #d4 ,a ba? ( r$ liquor 7acetate ( alum9a7 at #h ,tw4 is prep>$4 ,"s dy]s use basic alum at ! same /r5g?4 ,9 ?is ba? ! cotton is /eep$ at #ajj ,f4 = two h\rs2 !n x is wrung out & dri$4 ,?is alum+ ba? c be repeat$4 ,next x is run ?r\gh a ba? ( *alk & wat] conta9+ #b lb4 *alk 9 #aj gallons wat]4 ,?is helps to fix ! alum9a on ! cotton4 ,phosphate ( soda also makes a good fix+ ag5t4 ,op]ation #e4 ,dye+3 ,?is is c>ri$ out 9 precisely ! same way z 9 ! o!r process4 ,op]ation #f4 ,oil+3 ,a second oil+ is n[ giv5 9 a ba? ( #e lb4 aliz>9e oil1 or ,turkey-r$ oil1 9 #aj gallons wat]1 aft] :i* ! cotton is dri$1 :5 x is ready = fur!r treatm5t4 ,9 place ( giv+ a second oil+ aft] ! dye+1 x is1 p]haps1 bett] to give x aft] ! mordant+ & be=e dye+4 ,op]ation #g4 ,cle>+3 ,! dy$ cotton is cle>$ ) soap 9 ! same mann] z ! cle>+ op]ations ( ! fir/ process1 :i* see4 ,any ( ! treatm5ts prep>atory to1 & foll[+ ! actual dye+ (1 any ( ^! processes may be repeat$ if deem$ necess>y4 ,! text-books on dye+ & ! te*nical j\rnals devot$ to ! subject frequ5tly conta9 acc\nts ( me?ods ( dye+ ,turkey r$1 b :5 ^! come to be dissect$ ! me?ods are b little m ?an v>iants ( ^? :i* h j be5 giv54 ,see+ t ! !ory or !ories involv$ 9 ?is r complex process ( dye+ ,turkey r$1 & t col\ri/s are n agre$ z to ! real "p play$ by ! oil1 ! sumac & ! cle>+ op]ations 9 ! =mation ( a ,turkey r$ on cotton1 no?+ w be said "h z to ! !ory ( ,turkey-r$ dye+4 ,aliz>9e ,r$4--,x is possible to dye a r$ ) aliz>9e on cotton :i*1 :ile be+ a good col\r1 is n q s fa/ to wa%+1 etc41 z a ,turkey r$4 ,?is is done by us+ few] treatm5ts1 z %[n 9 ! foll[+ process3-- ,process #a4--;,boil ! cotton 9 soda4 ,process #b4--,oil ) ,turkey-r$ oil1 z 9 ! ,turkey-r$ process ,no4 #b above4 ,process #c4--,mordant ) alum or acetate ( alum9a4 ,process #d4--;,dye ) aliz>9e z be=e4 ,process #e4--,soap4 ,!re are ?ree di/9ct col\r+ matt]s :i* are sold comm]cially "u ! "n ( aliz>9e4 ,^! are3 aliz>9e itself1 :i* produces a blui% %ade ( r$2 an?ra-purpur9e1 :i* gives a simil> b less blue r$ ?an aliz>9e2 & flavo-purpur9e1 :i* produces ! yell[e/ r$s4 ,! mak]s s5d out all ^! v>i\s products "u v>i\s m>ks4 ,= dye+ ,turkey r$s ! flavo-& an?ra-purpur9e br&s or yell[ aliz>9es are to be pref]r$2 = p9ks & rose %ades ! aliz>9e or blue %ade br&s are be/4 ,aliz>9e ,p9k4--,?is c be dy$ 9 ! same way z ,turkey r$1 only us+ = full p9ks #d p] c5t1 ( aliz>9e 9 ! dye-ba?1 or = pale p9ks #a to #b p] c5t4 ,x is advisable to r$uce ! /r5g? ( ! oil+ & mordant+ ba?s d[n to "o-half4 ,aliz>9e ,violet4--,aliz>9e has ! prop]ty ( comb9+ ) iron to =m a d>k violet col\r1 & advantage is tak5 ( ?is fact to dye :at are call$ 9 ! dye+ & calico pr9t+ trades aliz>9e purples & lilacs1 al?\gh ^! d n resemble 9 hue or brilliance ! purples & lilacs :i* c be got f ! direct dyes4 ,!y h n ! importance :i* !y =m]ly possess$1 & b a m]e outl9e ( two processes = _! production w be giv54 ,aliz>9e ,purple4--,process #a4 7#a7 ,boil ) soda1 7#b7 prep>e ) ,turkey r$ oil1 7#c7 mordant by /eep+ 9 copp]as liquor at #d ,tw4 = tw5ty m9utes1 take out1 all[ to lie on /illages ov]night1 !n wa% & dry4 ,= deep purples x may be advisable to repeat ^! treatm5ts2 = pale lilacs us+ !m at half /r5g? is advisable4 7#d7 ,dye ) #h to #aj p] c5t4 ( aliz>9e blue %ade1 work+ z describ$ "u ,turkey r$4 ,! be/ results are obta9$ :5 #a p] c5t1 ( *alk is add$ to ! dye-ba?4 7#e7 ,soap z 9 r$ dye+4 ,process #b4 7#a7 ,boil ) soda1 7#b7 oil ) ,turkey-r$ oil1 7#c7 /eep 9 pyrolignite ( iron 7iron liquor7 = "o h\r1 !n age by hang+ 9 ! air4 7#d7 ,dye z be=e4 7#e7 ,soap4 ,f9e blacks are got if aft] oil+ ! cotton is treat$ ) sumac or tannic acid1 !n mordant$ ) iron & dy$ ) aliz>9e z usual4 ,*ocolate ,br[ns4--,f9e fa/ *ocolate br[ns c be got f aliz>9e by us+ a mix$ mordant ( iron & alum9a1 ei!r ! acetate or ! sulphate4 ,by v>y+ ! relative proportions v>i\s %ades c be obta9$4 ,aliz>9e ,orange--,prep>e ! cotton z if = dye+ a ,turkey r$1 b use 9 ! dye-ba? #h to #aj p] c5t4 ( ,aliz>9e orange4 ,aliz>9e ,blue--,! cotton is boil$ ?ree h\rs ) #c p] c5t4 ammonia soda at #cj lb4 pressure1 & !n wa%$ ?or\ghly4 ,! boil$1 wa%$ & hydro-extract$ y>n is oil$ ) a solution conta9+ f #a_/d lb4 to #a-a_/b lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil1 #ej p] c5t4 = e gallon ( wat]4 ,x is !n wrung out ev5ly & dri$ = twelve h\rs at #aej ,f4 ,tann9 ,gr\nd+4 ,! oil$ & dri$ cotton is work$ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r 9 a vat conta9+ a tann9 solution 7#a oz4 p] gallon74 ,! cotton rema9s 9 ?is liquid1 :i* is all[$ to cool (f = twelve h\rs1 !n x is hydro-extract$4 ,sumac turns ! %ade some:at gre5]1 :i* is notic$ especially aft] blea*+1 !re=e tann9 is giv5 ! pref]5ce4 ,*romium ,mordant4 ,! cotton treat$ ) tann9 & !n hydro-extract$ is work$ cold = "o h\r 9 a vat conta9+ a solution ( *romium *loride at #cb ,tw41 & rema9s 9 ?is solution twelve h\rs4 ,! cotton is !n hydro-extract$ & wa%$ directly2 x is be/ to employ runn+ wat]4 ,a special fixation does n take place4 ,! cotton is n[ ready = dye+4 ,! solution ( *romium *loride & ! tann9 solution c be us$ cont9u\sly1 add+ fre% liquor to keep ! ba?s up to /r5g?4 ,dye+--,= dye+1 wat] free f lime mu/ be us$4 ,wat] hav+ n m ?an #b4e h>dness c be employ$ if x is correct$ ) acetic acid1 !reby conv]t+ ! c>bonate ( lime into acetate ( lime4 ,v calc>e\s wat] mu/ be fre$ f lime be=e use4 ,! dye-ba? conta9s = #ajj lb4 cotton #ae lb4 ,aliz>9e blue pa/e 7,a ,r or ,f1 accord+ to ! %ade desir$71 #ce lb4 acetic acid 7#ab ,tw471 #ae-a_/b lb4 ammonia 7#be p] c5t471 #b-a_/d oz4 tann94 ,! cotton is work$ a qu>t] ( an h\r 9 ! cold2 ! temp]ature is rais$ sl[ly to a boil1 tak+ ab\t "o h\r1 & ! cotton is work$ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r at t heat4 ,f9ally ! cotton is wa%$ & hydro-extract$4 ,! dy$ & wa%$ cotton is /eam$ two h\rs at #ae lb4 to #bb lb4 pressure4 ,/eam+ turns ! %ade gre5] & d>k]1 & increases ! fa/ness4 ,aft] /eam+ ! cotton x is soap$ "o or two h\rs at ! boil1 ) or )\t pressure4 ,accord+ to ! quality ( wat] employ$1 #b to #e p>ts soap p] #a1jjj p>ts wat] are tak54 ,br[n4--,a f9e br[n is got by a simil> process to ?is1 if in/ead ( ,aliz>9e blue1 ,aliz>9e orange is us$ 9 ! dye-ba?4 ,a deep] br[n /ill if ,an?rac5e br[n1 or a mixture ( ,an?rac5e br[n & ,aliz>9e blue1 be us$4 ,cl>et ,r$4--,cl>ets to m>oon %ade ( r$ are got by prep>+ ! cotton z = blue giv5 above1 !n dye+ ) aliz>9e4 ,logwood ,black4--,"o ( ! mo/ important col\rs t come "u ?is section is logwood black1 ! =mation ( :i* on ! fibre dep5ds ^u ! fact t ! col\r+ pr9ciple ( logwood =ms a black col\r lake ) iron & also "o ) *romium4 ,!re are _m ways ( dye+ logwood blacks on cotton1 :e!r t be 9 =m ( hanks ( y>ns1 w>ps or pieces4 ,:ile ^! blacks may be1 & 9 ! case ( hanks are1 dy$ by :at may be t]m$ an int]mitt5t process1 yet = w>ps & piece goods a cont9u\s process is pref]r$ by dy]s4 ,examples ( bo? me?ods w be giv54 ,z 9 ! dye+ ( ,turkey r$s x is probable t no two dy]s ( logwood blacks q agree 9 ! details ( _! process1 !re may be v>iations 9 ! ord] ( ! v>i\s ba?s & 9 _! relative /r5g?s4 ,typical me?ods w be not$ "h4 ,dye+ ,logwood ,black on ,y>n 9 ,hanks4--,op]ation #a4 ,sumac+3 ,prep>e a ba? ) #aj lb4 sumac extract 9 hot wat]4 ,"w ! y>n 9 ?is = half an h\r1 !n all[ to /eep = six h\rs or ov]night1 lift & wr+4 ,! liquor :i* is left may be us$ aga9 = ano!r lot ( y>n by add+ #e lb4 sumac extract = ea* successive lot ( y>n4 ,9 place ( us+ sumac ! *eap] myrabolam extract may be us$4 ,op]ation #b4 ,iron+ or ,sadd5+3 ,prep>e a ba? ) #c-a_/b gallons nitrate ( iron1 #hj ,tw4 ,"w ! y>n 9 ?is = fifte5 m9utes1 !n wr+ out4 ,! ba? may be us$ aga9 :5 #a gallon ( nitrate ( iron is add$ = ea* lot ( y>n work$ 9 x4 ,9 place ( ! nitrate ( iron1 ! pyrolignite ( iron or iron liquor may be us$4 ,op]ation #c4 ,lim+3 ,"w = t5 m9utes 9 a weak ba? ( milk ( lime4 ,op]ation #d4 ,dye+3 ,?is is done 9 a ba? made f #aj lb4 logwood extract & #a lb4 fu/ic extract4 ,! y>n is ent]$ into ! cold or tepid ba?1 ! heat sl[ly rais$ to ab\t #aej ,f1 !n kept at ?is heat until a good black is got1 :5 ! y>n is tak5 out1 r9s$ & wrung4 ,! addition ( ! fu/ic extract enables a mu* deep] & jett] %ade ( black to be dy$4 ,op]ation #e4 ,sadd5+3 ,to obta9 a full] black ! dy$ cotton is s5t ?r\gh a ba? ( #a-a_/b lb4 ( copp]as1 !n wa%$ well4 ,op]ation #f4 ,soap+3 ,"w = tw5ty m9utes 9 a ba? ( #b lb4 soap at #adj to #aej ,f4 ,!n wa% well4 ,mu* ! same process may be foll[$ = dye+ logwood black on w>ps & piece goods1 jigg]s be+ us$ = ea* op]ation4 ,ano!r me?od is to fir/ "w ! cotton 9 pyrolignite 7iron liquor7 at #aj ,tw41 until x is ?or\ghly impregnat$1 !n to dry & hang 9 ! air = "s h\rs1 next to pass ?r\gh lime wat] to fix ! iron1 & !n to dye z be=e4 ,cont9u\s ,process4--,9 ?is case a cont9u\s dye+ ma*9e is provid$1 fitt$ ) five to six comp>tm5ts4 ,! cotton is fir/ ( all prep>$ by /eep+ 9 a ba? ( #ab lb4 myrabolam extract = sev]al h\rs1 !n x is tak5 to ! cont9u\s ma*9e & run 9 succession ?r\gh nitrate ( iron liquor1 lime wat]1 logwood & fu/ic1 iron liquor & wat]4 ,! nitrate ( iron ba? conta9s #b gallons ( ! nitrate to #aj gallons ( wat]1 & z ! pieces g ?r\gh fre% additions ( ?is liquor are made f "t to "t to keep up ! volume & /r5g? ( ! liquor to ! orig9al po9ts4 ,! logwood ba? is made f #aj lb4 logwood extract & #a lb4 fu/ic extract1 & x is us$ at ab\t #afj ,f4 ,! quantities "h giv5 w s]ve = #ajj lb4 ( cotton1 & x is well to add !m dissolv$ up 9 hot wat] 9 small quantities f "t to "t z ! cotton goes ?r\gh ! ba?4 ,! iron liquor giv5 aft] ! dye+ conta9s #b lb4 ( copp]as 9 #aj gallons ( wat]4 ,betwe5 ! v>i\s comp>tm5ts ( ! ma*9e is fitt$ squeez+ roll]s to press out any surplus liquor1 :i* is run back into ! comp>tm5t4 ,! rate ( runn+ ! w>p or pieces ?r\gh %\ld n be too rapid1 & ! dy] mu/ adapt ! rate to ! spe$ ) :i* ! clo? dyes up 9 ! dye-ba?4 ,! addition ( a little r$ liquor 7alum9a acetate7 to ! iron ba? is sometimes made1 ?is is advantage\s1 z x results 9 ! production ( a f9] black4 ,iron by itself t5ds to give a ru/y-look+1 or br[ni% black1 b ! violet1 or lilac %ade t alum9a gives ) logwood1 tones ! black & makes x look m pleasant4 ,"s dy]s add a small quantity1 #a p] c5t41 ( ! weight ( ! cotton ( sulphate ( copp] to ! iron ba?1 o!rs add ev5 m ?an ?is4 ,"s use nitrate ( copp]2 ! copp] giv+ a gre5i% %ade ( black ) logwood1 & ?is tones d[n ! iron black & makes x m bloomy 9 appe>ance4 ,s+le ba? me?ods ( dye+ logwood blacks are 9 use1 su* me?ods are n economical z a l>ge quantity1 bo? ( dye-wood & mordants1 rema9 9 ! ba? unus$4 ,al?\gh full int5se blacks c be dy$ ) !m1 ! black is r loosely fix$ & t5ds to rub (f4 ,?is is because z bo? ! dye-/uff & ! mordant are 9 ! same ba? toge!r !y t5d to ent] into comb9ation & =m a col\r lake t precipitates out 9 ! dye-ba?1 caus+ ! loss ( mat]ial allud$ to above1 :ile "s ( x gets me*anically fix$ on ! cotton1 9 a m or less loose =m1 & ?is loos5ess causes ! col\r to rub (f4 ,= a *rome-logwood black1 a dye-ba? is made ) #c lb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #ajj gallons logwood decoction at #c ,tw41 & #f-a_/b lb4 hydro*loric acid4 ,ent] ! cotton into ! cold ba?1 raise sl[ly to ! boil & "w until ! cotton has acquir$ a full black blue col\r1 !n take x out & r9se 9 a hot lime wat] :5 a blue black w be got4 ,a copp]-logwood black is got by tak+ #ajj gallons logwood decoction at #c ,tw41 & #f lb4 copp] acetate 7v]digris72 ! cotton is ent]$ cold & br\ght up to ! boil4 ,copp] nitrate may be us$ 9 ! place ( ! copp] acetate1 :5 x is a good plan to add a little soda to ! ba?4 ,"s dy]s 9 work+ a copp]-logwood black make ! dye-ba? f #ajj gallons logwood liquor at #b ,tw41 #d lb4 copp] sulphate 7blue/one7 & #d lb4 soda4 ,?is ba? is us$ at ab\t #ahj to #aij ,f41 = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 !n ! cotton is lift$ out1 wrung & ag$ or z x is sometimes call$ smo!r$ = five h\rs4 ,! op]ations are repeat$ two or ?ree times to develop a full black4 ,logwood black dye+ has lo/ mu* ( its importance ( late ye>s ow+ to ! introduction ( ! _m direct blacks1 :i* are mu* easi] ( application & leave ! cotton ) a full] & s(t] feel4 ,logwood ,greys4--,^! are mu* dy$ on cotton & are no?+ m ?an weak logwood blacks1 & may be dy$ by ! same processes only us+ ba?s ( ab\t "o-t5? ! /r5g?4 ,by a "o-ba? process #e lb4 ( logwood are made into a decoction & to ?is #a lb4 ( copp]as 7f]r\s sulphate7 is add$ & ! cotton is dy$ at ab\t #aej ,f4 9 ?is ba?4 ,by add+ to ! dye-ba? small quantities ( o!r dye-woods1 fu/ic1 pea* wood1 suma*1 etc41 greys ( v>i\s %ades are obta9$4 ,"s recipes be>+ on ?is po9t are giv5 9 ?is section4 ,logwood is n only us$ = dye+ blacks & greys z ! pr9cipal col\r+ matt]1 b is also us$ z a %ad+ col\r along ) cut*1 fu/ic1 qu]citron1 etc41 9 dye+ olives1 br[ns1 etc41 & among ! recipes giv5 9 ?is section examples ( its use 9 ?is direction w be f\nd4 ,! dye-woods--fu/ic1 ,brazil wood1 b> wood1 ,lima wood1 cam wood1 cut*1 pea* wood1 qu]citron b>k1 ,p]sian b]ries--h s9ce ! introduction ( ! direct dyes lo/ mu* ( _! importance & are n[ little us$4 ,cut* is us$ 9 ! dye+ ( br[ns & sev]al recipes h already be5 giv54 ,_! production consi/s ess5tially 9 treat+ ! cotton 9 a ba? ( cut*1 ei!r alone or = ! purpose ( %ad+ ) o!r dye-woods :5 ! cotton takes up ! tann9 & col\r+ matt] ( ! cut*1 etc4 ,! col\r is !n develop$ by treatm5t ) bi*romate ( pota%1 ei!r ) or )\t ! addition ( an iron salt to d>k5 ! %ade ( br[n4 ,! usual me?ods ( apply+ all ! o!r dye-woods1 to obta9 sc>lets to r$s ) ,brazil wood1 ,lima wood1 pea* wood2 or yell[s ) fu/ic1 qu]citron or ,p]sian b]ries1 is to fir/ prep>e ! cotton ) sumac1 !n mordant ) alum9a acetate or t9 cry/als 7! latt] gives ! brighte/ %ades71 !n dye 9 a decoction ( ! dye-woods4 ,sometimes ! cotton is boil$ 9 a ba? ( ! wood :5 x takes up "s ( ! dye-wood1 next !re is add$ alum9a acetate or t9 cry/als & ! dye+ is cont9u$ :5 ! col\r becomes develop$ & fix$ ^u ! cotton4 ,iron may be us$ z a mordant = any ( ^! dye-woods b x gives dull sad %ades4 ,*rome mordants c also be us$ & ^! produce d>k] %ades ?an t9 or alum9a mordants4 ,z practically all ^! dye-woods are n[ n us$ by !mselves x has n be5 deem$ necess>y to give specific recipes = _! application1 on previ\s pages sev]al are giv5 %[+ _! use 9 comb9ation ) o!r dyes4 ,! dye-/uff ,d9itroso-resorc9e or ,solid gre5 ,o is us$ along ) iron mordants = produc+ fa/ gre5s & ) *rome mordants = produc+ br[ns to a limit$ ext5t 9 cotton dye+4 ,! foll[+ recipes give ! details ( ! process4 ,gre54--,/eep ! cotton y>n or clo? 9 ! foll[+ liquor until well impregnat$1 !n dry3 #c gallons iron liquor 7pyrolignite ( iron71 #bb ,tw4 gallons ( wat]1 #c_/d gallon acetic acid1 #ab ,tw41 #b lb4 ammonium *loride4 ,!n pass ! cotton ?r\gh a w>m ba? ( #c oz4 phosphate ( soda & #d oz4 *alk p] gallon1 !n ent] into a dye-ba? conta9+ #f lb4 ,solid gre5 ,o4 ,"w z describ$ = dye+ aliz>9e r$4 ,= d>k] gre5s ( a ,russian gre5 %ade use #aj lb4 ( solid gre5 ,o1 9 ! dye-ba?4 ,br[n4--,a f9e br[n is got by /eep+ ! cotton 9 a ba? ( #h lb4 ,solid gre5 ,o1 #f-c_/d gallons wat]1 #a-a_/b gallons ammonia & #b lb4 acetate ( *rome2 dry1 !n pass ?r\gh a soap-ba?1 wa% & dry4 ,deep ,olive ,br[n4--,mix #h lb4 ,solid gre5 ,o & #d-a_/b lb4 borax ) #f gallons wat]1 add #a_/b lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil1 #e lb4 ammonia1 !n #b gallons wat] & #a-a_/b lb4 copp]-soda solution & ano!r #b gallons wat]4 ,/eep ! cotton 9 ?is1 dry1 soap well & wa%4 ,! copp]-soda solution is made f #aj lb4 *loride ( copp] 7#ge ,tw471 #e lb4 t>t>ic acid1 #ab lb4 cau/ic soda 7#ge ,tw47 & #d lb4 glyc]9e4 ,khaki4--,make ! dye liquor f #ad lb4 ,solid gre5 ,o1 #a_/b lb4 ,aliz>9e yell[ ,n1 #a lb4 cau/ic soda 7#cf ,tw471 #a_/b lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil & #h gallons wat]4 ,to ?is add #b-a_/b lb4 acetate ( *rome 7#cb ,tw471 #b-a_/d lb4 copp]-soda solution & #d gallons wat]4 ,sage ,gre54--,use #a-a_/d lb4 ,solid gre5 ,o1 #c lb4 cau/ic soda 7#cf ,tw471 #a_/b lb4 ,c]ule9e1 #a_/b lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil1 #a gallon wat] to :i* is add$ #b-a_/b lb4 acetate ( *rome 7#cb ,tw47 & #b-a_/d lb4 copp]-soda solution dissolv$ 9 #d gallons wat]4 ,pale ,br[n4--,use #d lb4 ,solid gre5 ,o1 #b-a_/b lb4 borax1 #c lb4 ammonia1 #a_/b lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil1 #f gallons ( wat] & #a-a_/b lb4 copp]-soda solution dissolv$ 9 #b gallons wat]4 ,pale ,fawn ,br[n4--,! dye-ba? is made f #a_/b lb4 ,aliz>9e1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,solid gre5 ,o1 #a-a_/b lb4 borax1 #a_/b lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil & #e gallons ( wat] to :i* is add$ #a-a_/b lb4 acetate ( *rome 7#cb ,tw471 #a-a_/b lb4 copp]-soda solution & #d gallons wat]4 ,9 all cases ! cotton is /eep$ 9 ! dye liquors until ?or\ghly impregnat$1 !n ! excess liquor is wrung out1 ! cotton dri$1 !n pass$ ?r\gh a soap ba?1 wa%$ well & dri$4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,place ! cotton 9 a lukew>m ba? ( #be lb4 cut* & #a-a_/b lb4 copp] sulphate2 "w = half an h\r1 !n /eep = six h\rs1 !n lift1 wr+ & ent] into a ba? ( #c-a_/d lb4 bi*romate ( pota% at #afj ,f4 = tw5ty m9utes4 ,!n wa% & dry4 ,yell[ ,br[n4--,make a ba? ) #ad lb4 cut* & #a_/b lb4 copp] sulphate2 "w 9 ?is ba? = f\r h\rs at #abj ,f41 !n pass into a ba? ( #b lb4 copp]as & #a_/b lb4 *alk1 "w = half an h\r 9 ! cold1 !n pass into a hot ba? ( #b-a_/b lb4 bi*romate ( pota% at #aej ,f4 = half an h\r4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,make a dye-ba? ) #ae lb4 cut*1 #b lb4 logwood extract & #b lb4 fu/ic extract2 "w ! cotton 9 ?is at #afj ,f4 = ?ree h\rs1 !n pass into a cold ba? ( #a lb4 copp]as & #a_/d lb4 *alk = half an h\r1 !n into a ba? ( #c lb4 bi*romate ( pota% = half an h\r at #aej ,f41 !n wa% & dry4 7#g7 ,,production ,,( ,,col\r ,,direct ,,^u ,,cotton ,,fibres4 ,by ! action ( nitr\s acid ^u ! salts ( ! prim>y organic am9es ! s-call$ diazo comp\nds are =m$4 ,an example ( ?is important process is t ( nitr\s acid on anil9e hydro*loride %[n 9 ! foll[+ equation3-- ,c#f;,h#e,,nh#b ,h,cl ,,hno#b #b;,h#b,o ,c#f;,h#e,n3,n,cl ,hydro*loric acid ,nitr\s ,wat]1 ,diazo-b5z5e anil9e1 acid1 *loride4 ,^! diazo comp\nds are di/+ui%$ by _! active prop]ties1 especially 9 comb9+ ) am9es 9 acid solutions1 or ) ph5ols 9 alkal9e solution to =m ! azo dyes1 ?us diazob5z5e *loride w comb9e ) naph?ol to =m naph?ol-azo-b5z5e1 ?us3-- ,c#f;,h#e,n3,n,cl ,c#aj;,h#g,,oh ,na,o,h ,diazo-b5z5e *loride1 ,naph?ol1 ,cau/ic soda4 ,c#aj;,h#f,,ohn3,,nc#f;,h#e ,na,cl ,h#b,o ,naph?ol-azo-b5z5e1 ,salt1 ,wat]4 ,^! azo comp\nds are col\r$1 b are p]fectly insoluble 9 wat]1 alkalies1 or acids2 on ! o!r h& ! sulphonates ( ^! bodies are easily soluble & =m ! num]\s azo dyes n[ s l>gely made & us$ 9 wool & silk dye+1 b :i* on acc\nt ( _! be+ sulphonates _c be us$ = cotton dye+4 ,me?ods h be5 devis$ = produc+ ! insoluble azo col\rs direct ^u ! fibres4 ,!y are also call$ naph?ol col\rs f ! use ( beta-& alpha-naph?ol 9 _! production4 ,al?\gh ^! azo dyes1 :5 produc$ on ! fibre1 d n possess ! fa/ness ( ! aliz>9e dyes1 yet1 on acc\nt ( _! *eapness & relative great fa/ness to soap & ! action ( sunlight1 !y are bett] ?an _m ( ! new] cotton dyes4 ,by ?is me?od 7fir/ introduc$ 9 ,engl& by ,holliday7 col\rs ( exceptional brightness & fa/ness c be obta9$ :i* 7 n obta9able ) ! dyes !n kn[n4 ,^? :i* are obta9$ f ph5ols are ( ! fir/ importance4 ,! ,diazotisation ( ! ,amido ,bases4 ,) mo/ bases ?is mu/ be accompli%$ z cold z possible bel[ #fe ,f4 ,at a high] temp]ature1 & :5 all[$ to /&1 mo/ diazo comp\nds decompose quickly ) evolution ( nitrog51 :i* decomposition results 9 ! mixture los+ its p[] ( produc+ col\r1 or at ! mo/ gives unsatisfactory results4 ,= ?is reason x is !re=e always necess>y to "w z cold & z quickly z possible4 ,! amido-azo bodies1 ^: comp\nds ) ! ph5ols are also di/+ui%$ by _! great fa/ness1 are 9 ?is respect an exception4 ,!y c be diazotis$ at ! ord9>y temp]ature1 & _! diazo comp\nds are mu* /abl] ?an ^?1 = example1 ( alpha-& beta-naph?ylam9e or ( anil9e1 :i* mu/ always be us$ z quickly z possible4 ,f anisid9e1 ph5etid9e & amido-diph5ylam9e1 /ill m /able diazo comp\nds c be obta9$1 b ! prices ( ^! bases are r high1 & ! col\rs produc$ ) !m are n fa/ to light4 ,! *eape/ & mo/ conv5i5t me?od ( obta9+ nitr\s acid = diazotis+ is by ! action ( a m9]al acid1 pref]ably hydro*loric acid1 ^u nitrite ( soda4 ,= diazotis+ "o molecule ( base requires "o molecule ( hydro*loric acid to =m a salt ( ! base1 a molecule ( nitrite ( soda1 & ano!r molecule ( hydro*loric acid to decompose ! nitrite4 ,! diazotisation is bett] c>ri$ out & ! diazo solution r5d]$ m /able if ano!r molecule ( hydro*loric acid & an excess ( nitrite ( soda are us$4 ,! pres5ce ( an excess ( nitrite c be det]m9$ by te/+ ! diazo solution ) potassium iodide />* pap]1 :i* 9 ! pres5ce ( excess ( nitrite gives ! blue iod9e />* reaction4 ,9 c>ry+ out ! diazotisation1 ! base is fir/ dissolv$ 9 ! :ole am\nt ( hydro*loric acid :i* has to be us$1 & ! solution is filt]$4 ,! diazotisation takes place 9 ! mann] %[n 9 ! equation3-- ,c#f;,h#e,,nh#b ,h,cl ,h,cl ,na,n,o#b ,anil9e hydro*loride1 ,hydro*loric acid1 ,sodium nitrite1 ,na,cl ,c#f;,h#e,n3,n,cl ,h#bj ,salt1 ,diazo-b5z5e *loride1 ,wat]4 ,! bases :i* =m salts soluble ) difficulty1 su* z nitroanil9e & ! amido-azo bodies1 (f] special difficulties 9 diazotis+4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! op]ation ) ^! is be/ c>ri$ out if ! *emically pure bases 9 pa/e =m are mix$ ) ! requisite am\nt ( nitrite1 & ! dilut$ pa/e !n p\r$ into ! hydro*loric acid4 ,x has be5 f\nd by exp]i5ce t ! col\r is develop$ mu* bright] ^u ! fibre :5 ! diazo solution conta9s acetic acid & no free m9]al acid4 ,h[ev]1 ! diazotisation is bett] c>ri$ out ) hydro*loric acid1 & ! pres5ce ( ! latt] is necess>y to give /ability to ! solution4 ,if be=e ! diazo solution is us$ a quantity ( acetate ( soda be add$ to x1 ! free hydro*loric acid lib]ates acetic acid f ! acetate1 & ! *loride ( ! diazo body *anges into its acetate4 ,x is bett] to add an excess above ! two molecules ( acetate ( soda :i* are requir$4 ,! comb9ation :5 anil9e & beta-naph?ol are us$1 z ! am9e & ph5ol respectively1 is %[n 9 ! foll[+ equations3-- ,c#f;,h#e,n3,n,cl ,c#aj;,h#g,,oh ,diazo-b5z5e *loride1 ,b4 naph?ol1 ,na,o,h #b,na,cl ,c#f;,h#e,n3,,nc#aj;,h#f,,oh ,h#b,o ,cau/ic soda1 ,b5z5e- azo-naph?ol1 ,wat]4 ,or1 ) naph?ylam9e & naph?ol1 ?us3-- ,c#aj;,h#g,n3,n,cl ,c#aj;,h#g,,oh ,na,o,h ,na,cl ,c#aj;,h#g,n3,,nc#aj;,h#f,,oh ,h#b,o ,naph?al5e azo-naph?ol4 ,by ! action ( nitr\s acid ^u amido-azo bodies a gr\p ( bodies call$ diazo-azo comp\nds are obta9$ :i* conta9 ! gr\p ,n3,n twice ov]1 ?us3-- ,c#f;,h#e,n3,,nc#f;,h#d,,nh#b;,h,cl ,na,n,o#b #b;,h,cl ,b5z5e-azo-anil9e-hydro*loride1 ,na,cl ,c#f;,h#e,n3,,nc#f;,h#d,n3,n,cl #b;,h#b,o4 ,diazo-azo-b5z5e-*loride4 ,:5 ?is comp\nd is comb9$ ) naph?ol diazo-azo dyes are produc$4 ,c#f;,h#e,n3,,nc#f;,h#d,n3,,nc#aj;,h#f,, oh4 ,b5z5e-azo-b5z5e-azo-naph?ol4 ,! molecul> weights ( ! bases1 ph5ols & *emicals employ$ are ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,hydro*loric acid1 ,h,cl--#cf4e4 #b4 ,cau/ic soda1 ,na,o,h--#dj4 #c4 ,nitrite ( soda1 ,na,n,o#b--fi4 #d4 ,acetate ( soda1 ,na,c#b;,h#c,o#bc;,h#b,o--#acf4 #a4 ,comm]cial hydro*loric acid at #cb ,tw4 conta9s ab\t #cfe grams ( ,h,cl 9 a litre1 or #c-a_/b lb4 9 a gallon4 #b4 ,! comm]cial #gg p] c5t4 soda mu/ always be us$1 & = practical purposes x may be tak5 z pure4 ,x is be/ to make a solution :i* conta9s #afj grams ,na,o,h 9 a litre ( wat]4 #c4 ,! nitrite suppli$ is almo/ *emically pure1 & is easily soluble 9 wat]4 ,9 ord] to make a solution #adj or #bij grams are dissolv$ p] litre4 #d4 ,cry/allis$ acetate ( soda conta9s #c molecules ( wat] ( cry/allisation1 & is usually some:at moi/4 ,in/ead ( #acf grams #adj are tak5 to all[ = moi/ure4 ,! am\nt is dissolv$ 9 ab\t #ejj cubic c5timetres ( wat]4 ,bases4 #a4 ,anil9e1 ,c#f;,h#e,,nh#b--ic4 #b4 ,toluid9e1 ,c#g;,h#g,,nh#b--ajg4 #c4 ,alpha-& beta-naph?ylam9e1 ,c#aj;,h#g,,nh#b--adc4 #d4 ,p>a-or meta-nitroanil9e1 ,c#f;,h#d,,no#b,,nh#b--ach4 #e4 ,nitro-p>a-toluid9e1 ,c#g;,h#f,,no#b,,nh#b--aeb4 #f4 ,amidoazob5z5e 7base71 ,c#f;,h#e,n3,,nc#f;,h#d,,nh#b--aig4 #g4 ,or?oamidoazotoluol 7base71 ,c#g;,h#g,n3,,nc#g;,h#f,,nh#b--bbe4 #h4 ,alpha-or beta-naph?ol ,c#aj;,h#g,,oh--#add4 ,example ( ,quantities ,tak54 ,molecul> ,weight4 #a4 ,molecule nitrite #fi grams4 #b4 ,molecule anil9e #ic #c4 ,molecule hydro*loric acid #cfe #d4 ,molecule acetate ( soda #acf #e4 ,molecule ( naph?ol #add #f4 ,molecule cau/ic soda #dj ,apply+ ! pr9ciples :i* h j be5 describ$ to ! dye+ ( cotton1 x is f\nd t ! cotton may be dy$ by tak+ ! base & prep>+ ! diazo body1 impregnat+ ! cotton ) ?is1 & develop+ ! col\r by pass+ into a ba? ( ! ph5ol4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! cotton c be prep>$ ) ! ph5ol & ! col\r develop$ by pass+ into a ba? ( ! diazotis$ base1 & practice has %[n t ?is latt] proce$+ is ! be/4 ,practically ! only ph5ol t is us$ is ! beta-naph?ol2 alpha-naph?ol is occasionally us$1 b n (t54 ,! pur] ! beta-naph?ol ! bett]1 especially = produc+ ! p>anitroanil9e r$4 ,v>i\s prep>ations ( beta-naph?ol h be5 br\ght out by col\r mak]s4 ,! process ( dye+ cotton ) a naph?ol col\r takes place 9 two /ages1 ! fir/ be+ ! gr\nd+ or prep>+ ) ! naph?ol1 ! second ! develop+ ) ! diazotis$ base4 ,"s ( ! effects :i* c be obta9$ f ! two naph?ols & v>i\s bases are giv5 9 ! foll[+ table3-- ,base4 ,) beta-naph?ol1 gives ,) alpha-naph?ol1 gives #a4 ,anil9e1 ,orange yell[2 ,cut* br[n4 #b4 ,p>atoluid9e1 ,full yell[ orange2 ,cut* br[n4 #c4 ,metanitroanil9e1 ,fi]y yell[i% r$2 ,br[ni% orange4 #d4 ,p>anitroanil9e1 ,bright sc>let2 #e4 ,nitrop>atoluid9e1 ,orange2 ,v bright cate*u4 #f4 ,alpha-naph?ylam9e1 ,blui% cl>et r$2 ,r$di% puce4 #g4 ,beta-naph?ylam9e1 ,turkey r$2 #h4 ,amidoazob5z5e1 ,r$2 #i4 ,or?oamidoazotolu5e1 ,yell[i% cl>et r$2 ,by mix+ alpha-& beta-naph?ols toge!r a v>iety ( gr5at & cl>et r$s & br[ns c be obta9$4 ,) reg>d to ! fa/ness ( ! %ades produc$ ! foll[+ may be consid]$3-- ,fa/ to ,soap+4 ,comb9ation ( ,a-,naph?ol ) ,toluid9e4 ,a-,naph?ylam9e4 ,b-,naph?ylam9e4 ,amidoazob5z5e4 ,b-,naph?ol ) ,toluid9e4 ,p>anitroanil9e4 ,nitrop>atoluid9e4 ,b-,naph?ylam9e4 ,a-,naph?ylam9e4 ,mod]ately ,fa/4 ,comb9ation ( ,a-,naph?ol ) ,anil9e4 ,p>anitroanil9e4 ,or?oamidoazotolu5e4 ,b-,naph?ol ) ,metanitroanil9e4 ,amidoazob5z5e4 ,v ,loose4 ,comb9ation ( ,a-,naph?ol ) ,p>atoluid9e4 ,metanitroanil9e4 ,nitrop>atoluid9e4 ,b-,naph?ol ) ,anil9e4 ,p>atoluid9e4 ,or?oamidoazotolu5e4 ,! samples 7 te/$ = fa/ness to light by expos+ !m = n9e days ) ! foll[+ results3-- ,fa/4 ,comb9ation ( ,a-,naph?ol ) ,anil9e4 ,toluid9e4 ,metanitroanil9e4 ,p>anitroanil9e4 ,nitrop>atoluid9e4 ,b-,naph?ylam9e4 ,amidoazob5zol4 ,or?oamidoazotoluol4 ,b-,naph?ol ) ,anil9e4 ,p>atoluid9e4 ,metanitroanil9e4 ,p>anitroanil9e4 ,b-,naph?ylam9e4 ,a-,naph?ylam9e4 ,mod]ately ,fa/4 ,comb9ation ( ,b- ,naph?ol ) ,nitrop>atoluid9e4 ,v ,loose4 ,comb9ation ( ,a-,naph?ol ) ,toluid9e4 ,a-,naph?ylam9e ,b-,naph?ol ) ,toluid9e4 ,amidoazob5z5e4 ,or?oamidoazotolu5e4 ,! mo/ important ( ! naph?ol col\rs is und\bt$ly p>anitroanil9e r$1 produc$ by ! comb9ation ( p>anitroanil9e & beta-naph?ol4 ,9 ord] to produce ! be/ & brighte/ %ades ^! two bodies mu/ be q pure4 ,! foll[+ directions may be foll[$3-- ,dye+ ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$ on ,y>n4 ,x un=tunately happ5s t ?is r$ does n admit ( be+ work$ 9 l>ge quantities at a "t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! diazo ba? :]e ! col\r is develop$1 z ! previ\s op]ations seem to r5d] ! y>n slightly wat]pro(1 & h5ce if l>ge quantities ( y>n 7 dealt ) at "o "t "s w\ld be f\nd to be dy$ all "r1 o!rs w\ld be defective4 ,x has1 !re=e1 be5 f\nd be/ to "w only ab\t #b lb4 ( y>n at a "t1 c>efully c>ry+ out ea* op]ation ) ?is quantity4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! process c be quickly work$ x foll[s t 9 ! c\rse ( a day a fairly l>ge quantity ( y>n c be treat$4 #a4 ,gr\nd+4 ,! gr\nd+ or prep>+ ba? = #ajj lb4 ( y>n is be/ made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 #d lb4 ( beta-naph?ol are /irr$ 9 #b-a_/b lb4 ( cau/ic soda liquor #gj ,tw41 !n #a-a_/b qu>ts ( boil+ wat] is add$1 :5 dissolv$ #a-a_/b qu>ts ( cold wat]4 ,9 a sep>ate vessel dissolve #e lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil 9 #aa qu>ts ( wat]1 !n mix ! two liquors toge!r & add suffici5t wat] to make up ! :ole to #ab gallons4 ,9 work+ suffici5t ( ?is liquor is tak5 & put into a deep tub 9 :i* #b lb4 ( y>n c be conv5i5tly work$4 ,x is be/ to "w at a tepid heat1 say #ajj to #aaj ,f42 #b lb4 ( ! y>n are work$ 9 ?is liquor1 s t x becomes ?or\ghly impregnat$1 !n x is g5tly wrung out & hung up4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ ) ea* #b lb4 until ! :ole #ajj lb4 has be5 treat$1 add+ f "t to "t "s ( ! naph?ol liquor to make up = t tak5 up by ! cotton4 ,:5 all ! y>n has be5 ?r\gh ! liquor1 give x ano!r dip ?r\gh ! same liquor4 ,place ! y>n 9 a hydro-extractor = five to sev5 m9utes4 ,next op5 out ! y>n well1 & hang on /icks & dry 9 a /ove at #adj to #aej ,f4 ,! /ove %\ld be heat$ ) iron pipes1 ?r\gh :i* /eam at #cj lb4 to #dj lb4 pressure passes4 ,?is /ove %\ld be res]v$ entirely = ?is "w1 = if o!r goods be dri$ 9 x along ) ! naph?ol-prep>$ cotton1 any /eam or acid vap\rs :i* might be giv5 (f f ! =m] might damage ! latt]4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dry ! y>n is ready = ! next op]ation4 #b4 ,develop+4 ,! develop+ ba? is made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 #a-a_/b lb4 p>anitroanil9e is mix$ ) #a-a_/b gallons ( boil+ wat]1 & #a-c_/d qu>ts ( hydro*loric acid at #cj to #cb ,tw4 ,/ir well until ! p>anitroanil9e is completely dissolv$1 add #c-a_/b gallons ( cold wat]1 :i* w cause a precipitation ( ! hydro*lorate ( p>anitroanil9e z a yell[ p[d]4 ,let ! mixture ?or\ghly cool (f1 be/ by all[+ to /& all night2 #a-a_/d lb4 ( nitrite ( soda is dissolv$ 9 #d qu>ts ( cold wat]1 & ?is solution is add$ to ! p>anitroanil9e solution sl[ly & ) con/ant /irr+2 9 ab\t fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes ! diazotisation w be complete4 ,at ?is & foll[+ /ages ! temp]ature ( work+ %\ld be kept z l[ z possible4 ,"s dy]s use ice 9 prep>+ _! diazo solutions1 & c]ta9ly ! be/ results are atta9$ !reby1 b ) p>anitroanil9e ! ice c be disp5s$ )4 ,aft] ! end ( ! "t suffici5t cold wat] is add$ to br+ ! volume ( ! liquor up to #aj gallons4 ,?is diazo liquor w keep = "s days1 b x decomposes 9 "t1 s t x %\ld n be kept too long4 ,ano!r liquor is made by dissolv+ #d lb4 acetate ( soda 9 #aa qu>ts ( wat]4 ,! develop+ ba? is made by tak+ #d gallons ( ! diazo liquor & #a gallon ( ! acetate liquor & mix+ toge!r1 & 9 ?is ba? ! prep>$ y>n1 #b lb4 at a "t1 is work$4 ,! col\r develops imm$iately4 ,! y>n :5 dy$ is lift$ out1 wrung1 & !n x is well wa%$ ) wat]1 soap$ 9 a ba? at #abj ,f41 ) a liquor conta9+ #a_/b oz4 soap p] gallon1 !n dri$4 ,z ! cotton y>n is be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! develop+ ba?1 ! latt] is fre%5$ up f "t to "t by suitable additions ( ! diazo & acetate liquors 9 ! proportions giv5 above4 ,"s dy]s use a special =m ( dye vat = dye+ p>anitroanil9e r$ on y>n1 ^: con/ruction c be se5 f ,fig4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--;,dye-tub = ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$4 ,! beta-naph?ol ba? does n keep well & 9 "t t5ds to gr[ br[n1 & :5 ?is occurs /a9s are inv>iably produc$ on ! cotton4 ,:5 ! y>n or clo? has be5 prep>$ ) ! beta-naph?ol1 & dri$1 ! develop+ %\ld be imm$iately proce$$ )1 = x is f\nd t by all[+ ! prep>$ cotton to lie ab\t x becomes cov]$ ) br[n /a9s1 & :5 su* /a9$ cotton is pass$ ?r\gh ! develop+ ba? /a9s & defective dye+ result4 ,x has be5 f\nd t by add+ a little t>t> emetic to ! beta-naph?ol ba? ?is is l>gely if n entirely prev5t$1 & ! prep>$ clo? may be kept = a reasonable l5g? ( "t be=e proce$+ ) ! developm5t )\t fe> ( /a9s be+ =m$4 ,v>i\s additions h be5 made f "t to "t to ! naph?ol ba?4 ,"s ( ^! take ! =m ( special prep>ations ( ! col\r manufactur]s1 & are sold z naph?ol ,d1 naph?ol ,x1 r$ develop] ,c1 etc41 sometimes gum tragacan? has be5 add$1 at o!rs 9 place ( ,turkey-r$ oil !re is us$ a soap made f ca/or oil ) soda & ammonia1 b su* complicat$ ba?s d n yield any bett] results ?an ! simple prep>+ liquor giv5 above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,padd+ ,ma*9e = ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$4 ,dye+ ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$ on ,piece ,goods4 ,! dye+ ( ?is r$ on to piece goods only diff]s f t on y>n by reason ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! =m ( mat]ial t is dealt )4 #a4 ,prep>+ or ,gr\nd+4--,! same liquor may be us$4 ,?is op]ation is be/ done on a padd+ ma*9e1 a sket* ( :i* is giv5 9 ,fig4 #bf1 %[+ ! c\rse ( ! clo? ?r\gh ! liquor4 ,?is is conta9$ 9 ! box ( ! ma*9e1 & ?is is kept full by a con/ant /ream fl[+ 9 f a /ore vat plac$ beside ! ma*9e4 ,aft] go+ ?r\gh ! liquor1 ! clo? passes betwe5 a pair ( squeez+ roll]s :i* squeeze out ! surplus liquor4 ,fig4 #bh %[s a view ( a padd+ ma*9e adapt$ = gr\nd+ p>anitroanil9e r$s4 ,aft] ! padd+1 ! clo? is dri$ by be+ s5t ov] a set ( dry+ cyl9d]s1 or ?r\gh :at is kn[n z ! hot flue4 #b4 ,! ,develop+4--,aft] be+ dri$1 ! pieces are s5t ?r\gh a padd+ ma*9e *>g$ ) ! develop+ liquor made z describ$ above1 aft] :i* ! clo? is r9s$1 !n soap$1 & !n wa%$4 ,"s dy]s use a cont9u\s ma*9e = ^! op]ations1 su* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bi4 ,:ile ! develop+ ba? us$ = piece goods may be ! same z t us$ = y>ns1 "s dy]s pref] to use "o made some:at diff]5tly1 ?us #f-a_/d lb4 p>anitroanil9e are mix$ ) #g gallons boil+-wat] & #a-a_/b gallons hydro*loric acid2 :5 dissolv$ #af gallons ( cold wat] are add$1 !n1 aft] completely cool+1 #c-a_/b lb4 sodium nitrite dissolv$ 9 #c gallons cold wat]4 ,aft] tw5ty m9utes1 :5 ! diazotisation is complete1 wat] is add$ to make ! :ole up to #dj gallons4 ,! acetate liquor is made f #ac-a_/d lb4 acetate ( soda 9 #ac-a_/b gallons ( wat]4 ,equal quantities ( ^! two liquors are us$ 9 mak+ ! develop+ ba?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi--;,develop+ ,ma*9e = ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$4 ,( late ye>s1 "u ! names ( ,azophor r$ ,p ,n1 ,nitrazol ,c1 ,nitrosam9e1 etc41 !re has be5 (f]$ to dy]s prep>ations ( diazotis$ p>anitroanil9e 9 ! =m ( a p[d] or pa/e1 readily soluble 9 wat]1 t w keep 9 a cool & dry place = any reasonable l5g? ( "t4 ,^! are prep>$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & to any dy] :o does n want ! tr\ble ( diazotis+ ! p>anitroanil9e !y (f] "s advantages4 ,!y produce a r$ equal 9 e respect to t obta9$ f p>anitroanil9e4 ,! foll[+ details %[ ! me?od to be foll[$ ) "s ( ^! products1 o!rs are v simil> to make ! develop+ ba?s4 ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$ ) ,nitrazol ,c4--,dissolve #be lb4 ,nitrazol ,c 9 #ab gallons ( cold wat] ) con/ant /irr+1 !n add suffici5t cold wat] to make #cg gallons4 ,9 ano!r vessel dissolve #aa lb4 ( acetate ( soda 9 #e-a_/b gallons wat]1 !n add #a-a_/b gallons cau/ic soda1 #cf ,tw41 mix$ ) #e-a_/b gallons wat]4 ,! develop+ ba? is made by mix+ bo? ^! solutions4 ,x w suffice = bo? y>n & piece goods4 ,p>anitroanil9e ,r$ ) ,azophor ,r$ ,p ,n4--,dissolve #e-a_/b lb4 ( ,azophor r$ ,p ,n 9 #d gallons ( wat]--x dissolves almo/ completely b usually a few p>ticles ( a floccul5t "* rema9 undissolv$1 ^! c be remov$2 #b-a_/d gallons ( cau/ic soda lye ( #cf ,tw4 are dilut$ ) wat] to #aj gallons1 & ?is is add$ ) con/ant /irr+ to ! azophor r$ ,p ,n solution4 ,:5 all is mix$ & a cle> solution obta9$1 ! develop+ ba? is ready = use1 & is us$ 9 ! same way z ! p>anitroanil9e ba?4 ,metanitroanil9e ,orange4--,?is orange is produc$ 9 ! same way z ! p>anitroanil9e r$1 us+ metanitroanil9e or ,azophor orange ,m ,n 9 place ( ! p>anitroanil9e or ! ,azophor r$ ,p ,n giv5 = ! r$4 ,! quantities ( all ! mat]ials us$ are id5tical4 ,nitrosam9e ,r$4--,dissolve #e lb4 ,nitrosam9e r$ 9 #e gallons ( wat] & #b-a_/d lb4 hydro*loric acid1 :5 well mix$ !re is add$ #b-a_/b lb4 acetate ( soda1 :5 all is dissolv$ add suffici5t wat] to make #f-a_/b gallons4 ,?is ba? is us$ exactly 9 ! same way z ! p>anitroanil9e develop+ ba?1 & x produces id5tical results 9 e way4 ,p>anitroanil9e ,br[n4--,by boil+ ! p>anitroanil9e r$ dy$ cotton 9 a weak ba? ( copp] sulphate a v f9e fa/ br[n resembl+ a cut* br[n is produc$4 ,a bett] plan1 h[ev]1 is to prep>e ! cotton ) a gr\nd conta9+ an alkal9e solution ( copp]1 #c lb4 beta-naph?ol are dissolv$ 9 #e p9ts ( cau/ic soda lye ( #cf ,tw41 to :i* is add$ #e lb4 ,turkey-r$ oil & #aj p9ts alkal9e copp] solution1 wat] be+ add$ to make #ac gallons ( liquor4 ,! cotton is treat$ 9 ?is way z ) ! ord9>y beta-naph?ol prep>ation4 ,! alkal9e copp] solution is made by tak+ #e p9ts ( copp] *loride solution at #gf ,tw41 add+ #c-a_/d lb4 t>t>ic acid1 #f p9ts cau/ic soda lye1 #gj ,tw41 & #b p9ts ( glyc]9e4 ,! develop+ ba? = ! br[n is ! same z = ! p>anitroanil9e r$1 or ! ,azophor r$ ,p ,n ba? may be us$4 ,toluid9e ,orange4--,= ?is col\r ! cotton is prep>$ ) ! beta-naph?ol 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! develop+ ba? is made f #b lb4 or?onitrotoluid9e mix$ ) #ab p9ts boil+ wat] & #b-a_/d p9ts hydro*loric acid2 :5 dissolv$ all[ to cool & !n add #ab-a_/b lb4 ice4 ,:5 ?or\ghly cold /ir 9 #b-a_/b p9ts ( sodium nitrite solution conta9+ #c lb4 p] gallon4 ,/ir well = tw5ty m9utes1 !n filt]2 add #d lb4 sodium acetate & suffici5t ice-cold wat] to make #ac gallons4 ,use ?is ba? 9 ! same way z ! p>anitroanil9e ba?4 ,beta-naph?ylam9e ,r$4--,?is r$ is a good "o1 b is n s bright or s fa/ z ! p>anitroanil9e r$1 h5ce al?\gh some:at old] 9 po9t ( "t x is n dy$ to ! same ext5t4 ,! develop+ ba? is made f #a-c_/d lb4 beta-naph?ylam9e dissolv$ ) ! aid ( #aj p9ts boil+ wat] & #a p9t hydro*loric acid4 ,:5 dissolv$ all[ to cool2 add #bg lb4 ice & #b p9ts hydro*loric acid4 ,:5 cool$ to #cb to #cf ,tw41 add #c p9ts sodium nitrite solution 7#c lb4 p] gallon7 & #d lb4 sodium acetate1 mak+ up to #ac gallons ) wat]4 ,?is also is us$ 9 precisely ! same way z ! p>anitroanil9e r$ develop+ liquor4 ,alpha-,naph?ylam9e ,cl>et4--,?is is a v f9e & fairly fa/ r$1 & next to ! p>anitroanil9e r$ may be consid]$ ! mo/ important ( ! naph?ol col\rs4 ,! develop+ ba? is a little m difficult to make1 ow+ to ! fact t x is m difficult to get ! alpha-naph?ylam9e into solution4 ,! be/ way ( proce$+ is ! foll[+3 ,heat #a-c_/d lb4 ( alpha-naph?ylam9e 9 #aj p9ts ( boil+ wat]1 agitat+ well until ! base is v f9ely divid$ 9 ! wat]1 !n #a-a_/d p9ts ( hydro*loric acid is add$1 & ! heat & /irr+ cont9u$ until ! base is dissolv$1 !n ! mass is all[$ to cool1 #bg lb4 ( ice is add$ & #a-a_/b p9ts ( hydro*loric acid4 ,:5 cool$ d[n to #cb to #cf ,f41 !re is add$ #c p9ts sodium nitrite solution 7#c lb4 p] gallon71 & aft] all[+ ! diazotisation to be complet$1 #d lb4 sodium acetate & suffici5t wat] to make #ac gallons ( liquor4 ,! ba? is us$ 9 ! same mann] z ! previ\s develop+ ba?s4 ,dianisid9e ,blue4--,dianisid9e develops ) beta-naph?ol1 a violet blue1 :i* is n v fa/1 b by ! addition ( "s copp] to ! develop+ ba? a v f9e blue is got :i* has a fair degree ( fa/ness4 ,! develop+ ba? is made z foll[s3 ,mix #aj-a_/b oz4 dianisid9e ) #g oz4 hydro*loric acid & #g-a_/b p9ts ( boil+ wat]1 :5 complete solution is obta9$ x is all[$ to cool1 !n #bj lb4 ( ice is add$4 ,next #a-c_/d p9ts ( nitrite ( soda solution1 conta9+ #a-a_/b lb4 p] gal4 & #b-a_/b p9ts ( cold wat]4 ,/ir = ?irty m9utes1 !n add #a-a_/d p9ts copp] *loride solution at #gb ,tw41 & suffici5t wat] to make up #f-a_/b gallons4 ,! cotton is prep>$ ) beta-naph?ol 9 ! usual way1 & !n pass$ ?r\gh ?is develop+ ba?4 ,amidoazotoluol ,g>net4--,amidoazotoluol produces ) beta-naph?ol a f9e g>net r$ 9 ! usual way4 ,! develop+ ba? is made f #ad oz4 amidoazotoluol1 mix$ ) #a-a_/b p9ts ( sodium nitrite solution conta9+ #a-a_/b lb4 p] gallon1 :5 well mix$ add #a p9t ( hydro*loric acid dilut$ ) #b p9ts wat]1 :5 ?is is well mix$ add suffici5t wat] to make up a gallon1 !n add #a lb4 acetate ( soda4 ,! cotton is pass$ ?r\gh ?is dye-ba?1 !n wa%$ well1 pass$ ?r\gh a weak acid ba?1 !n soap$ well1 wa%$ & dri$4 7#h7 ,,dye+ ,,cotton ,,by ,,impregnation ,,) ,,dye-,,/uff ,,solution4 ,indigo is a dye-/uff :i* requires special processes = its application to ! cotton or wool fibre4 ,its peculi>ity is t 9 ! =m 9 :i* x comes to ! dy] x is insoluble 9 wat]1 & to enable x to be dissolv$ & !re=e to be us$ z a dye1 ! indigo has to g "u a special treatm5t4 ,! col\r+ pr9ciple ( indigo is a body nam$ indigot91 to :i* ! =mula ,c#af;,h#af,n#b,o#b has be5 giv54 ,:5 indigo is mix$ ) sub/ances l lime & copp]as1 lime & z9c1 z9c & bisulphite ( soda1 :i* cause ! evolution ( nasc5t hydrog51 x takes up ?is body & passes into ano!r sub/ance :i* is call$ indigo :ite t has ! =mula ,c#af;,h#ab,n#b,o#b1 leuco1 or :ite indigo2 ?is sub/ance is soluble 9 wat]1 & s :5 x is =m$ ! indigo passes into solution & c !n be us$ = dye+4 ,b indigo :ite is an un/able sub/ance on exposure to air1 ! oxyg5 ( ! latt] attacks ! hydrog5 :i* x has tak5 up1 & indigot9 is re=m$1 ! indigo :ite *ang+ aga9 into indigo blue4 ,indigo dye+ consi/s ( ?ree op]ations3-- 7#a7 ,prep>ation ( ! indigo solution1 or1 z x is call$1 sett+ ! dye vat4 7#b7 ,/eep+ ! cotton 9 ?is vat4 7#c7 ,expos+ to ! air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--;,indigo ,dye-vat = ,clo?4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( prep>+1 or sett+ ! dye vat1 & ( ea* ( ^! modifications are 9 use 9 e indigo dye-h\se3-- 7#a7 ,) lime & copp]as4 7#b7 ,z9c & lime vat4 7#c7 ,z9c & bisulphite ( soda4 ,9 all cases x is necess>y = ! indigo to be gr\nd to ! =m ( a f9e pa/e ) wat]2 ?is is usually done 9 :at is kn[n z ! ball-gr9d+ mill4 ,! f9] x is gr\nd ! m easy is x to make ! dye-vats4 ,! dye-vats may be ei!r r\nd tubs or squ>e wood5 tanks2 :5 clo?s or w>ps are be+ dy$ ^! may be fitt$ ) w9ces & guide roll]s1 s z to draw ! mat]ials ?r\gh ! liquor4 ,9 ! case ( y>ns 9 hanks ^! appliances are n necess>y4 ,fig4 #cj is a sket* ( an indigo dye-vat = clo? or w>ps4 7#a7 ,lime & ,copp]as ,vat4--,to prep>e ?is vat take #ge gallons ( wat]1 #d lb4 ( indigo1 #h lb4 copp]as1 & #aj lb4 ( good quicklime4 ,put ^! into ! vat 9 ! ord] %[n4 ,! am\nt ( indigo is add$ 9 proportion to ! %ade :i* is requir$ to be dy$3 = pale %ades1 #b lb4 to #c lb4 w be suffici5t2 :ile = deep %ades1 #f lb4 to #g lb4 may be us$4 ,! am\nt ( copp]as %\ld be f "o & a half to twice t ( ! indigo4 ,! vat %\ld be /irr$ v well & !n left to /&4 ,! *anges :i* occur are probably ! foll[+3 ,! lime acts ^u ! copp]as & produces f]r\s hydrate--?is is un/able & t5ds to take up oxyg5 & hydrog5 f ! wat]1 p>ticul>ly :5 !re is "s indigo pres5t1 & =ms f]ric hydrate2 hydrog5 is at ! same "t lib]at$1 & comb9es ) ! indigo to =m ! soluble indigo :ite4 ,x takes ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs to make an indigo vat4 ,:5 prop]ly made & 9 good condition1 ! liquor w be cle> & ( a br[ni%-yell[ col\r1 a blui% scum may collect on ! surface4 ,if ! liquor appe>s at all gre5i% x is an indication t ! indigo has n be5 completely r$uc$1 & ! vat ne$s a fur!r addition ( lime & copp]as1 :i* %\ld be ( good quality4 ,too mu* ( ea* %\ld n be us$1 because ) !m !re is =m$ at ! bottom ( ! vat a s$im5t ( calcium sulphate & f]ric hydrate1 & x is n wise to increase ?is to too great an ext5t1 :i* w\ld be ! case if too mu* lime & copp]as 7 add$4 ,to ,use ?is ,vat4--,any scum on ! surface is rak$ on "o side1 ! cotton y>n imm]s$ = a few m9utes1 !n x is tak5 out1 wrung1 all[+ ! excess liquor to fl[ back into ! vat1 & ! y>n hung up 9 ! air = ! blue to develop4 ,! dep? ( %ade :i* is dy$ dep5ds *iefly ^u ! am\nt ( indigo 9 ! vat1 & also ^u ! "t dur+ :i* ! hanks are dipp$ 9 ! liquor4 ,light & m$ium %ades c be readily & conv5i5tly got by a s+le dip1 b deep %ades are be/ got by repeat+ ! dipp+ once or twice z occasion dem&s4 ,deep %ades got by us+ a /rong ba? at a s+le dip are f\nd to rub badly1 :ile by repeat$ dips ! dye gets m into ! sub/ance ( ! fibre1 & !re=e ! col\r is m firmly fix$ & x rubs less4 ,"s indigo dy]s h q a range ( vats1 us+ ^? fre% made = dye+ deep %ades1 :ile ! old vats be+ ne>ly exhau/$ are us$ only = light %ades & f9ally :5 completely exhau/$ are ?r[n away4 ,aft] ! day's "w ! vat %\ld be /irr$ up & !n all[$ to /&4 ,if necess>y x may be /r5g!n$ by ! addition ( fre% quantities ( indigo1 lime & copp]as1 ! next morn+ x w be ready = use4 ,g5]ally a lime-copp]as vat w rema9 9 good work+ ord] = ab\t a mon?1 :5 x w be necess>y to ?r[ x away4 7#b7 ,z9c & ,lime ,vat4--,z9c du/ is a bye-product 9 ! process ( z9c extraction4 ,x is a grey1 v heavy p[d]1 consi/+ mo/ly ( f9ely divid$ metallic z9c1 ) traces ( oxide & sulphide ( z9c4 ,( ^! only ! metallic z9c is active 9 r$uc+ ! indigo1 ! re/ ( ! +r$i5ts are n ( any consequ5ce4 ,! valuation ( z9c du/ is a v difficult op]ation1 b x is desirable t ?is be done1 z ! product is liable to be v v>iable 9 ! proportion ( actual z9c x conta9s1 & x w pay l>ge buy]s always to h x te/$4 ,z9c du/ mu/ always be kept 9 a dry place4 ,= ! r$uction ( z9c p[d] lime is *iefly us$4 ,! foll[+ are two good mixtures4 ,vat ) z9c & lime3-- #aj lb4 indigo1 dry & gr\nd f9e2 #e-a_/b lb4 z9c du/2 #bb lb4 slak$ lime1 dry4 ,! vat is set z foll[s1 a "p ( ! lime is mix$ ) ! indigo1 & ! two bodies are well mix$ toge!r & all[$ to /& = t5 m9utes1 !n ! z9c p[d] is add$4 ,x is be/ to make ?is into a smoo? pa/e ) wat] be=e add+ x to ! o!r +r$i5ts1 !n ! re/ ( ! lime is add$ & ! :ole is ?or\ghly /irr$ toge!r ) ! necess>y quantity ( wat]4 ,vat ) z9c p[d]1 lime & soda3-- #aj lb4 indigo1 dry & gr\nd f9e2 #aj lb4 z9c p[d]2 #aj lb4 slak$ lime1 dry2 #ce lb4 cau/ic soda at #aa ,tw4 ,add ! lime to ! gr\nd indigo1 !n add ! z9c & f9ally ! soda lye4 ,soon aft] ! v>i\s +r$i5ts ( ! vats are add$ toge!r ! :ole mass becomes hot1 :5 x mu/ be well /irr$4 ,x soon beg9s to evolve gas & ! mixture fro?s4 ,9 f two to f\r h\rs ! evolution ( gas ceases4 ,! d>k blue solution n[ becomes yell[ & ! liquor %[s all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! indigo vat4 ,x is necess>y to keep ! vat well /irr$ up dur+ ! "t ( sett+1 :i* takes f five to six h\rs4 ,if !re is mu* evolution ( gas aft] ?is "t x indicates t too mu* z9c p[d] has be5 add$2 ?is is a common fault ) dy]s1 & su* excess causes ! vat to be too mu* di/urb$ & to "w dirty4 ,a lime-z9c vat1 ) occasional additions ( new mat]ials1 keeps good = ?ree mon?s1 & ev5 !n is 9 a bett] condition ?an ! copp]as vat4 ,?is vat is us$ 9 precisely ! same way z ! copp]as vat2 z x conta9s no s$im5t1 or b little1 x works clean] ?an ! copp]as vat & z a rule ! indigo blues dy$ 9 x are fa/] to rubb+4 ,aft] a day's "w x c be well /irr$ up & fre% additions ( lime1 z9c & indigo made to br+ x up to its orig9al dye+ /r5g?4 7#c7 ,z9c-,bisulphite ,indigo ,vat4--,:5 z9c du/ & bisulphite ( soda are mix$ toge!r a reaction sets 91 ! z9c dissolves1 & !re is =m$ sodium hydrosulphite & z9c & sodium sulphites4 ,if n[ indigo is mix$ ) ?is solution ! sodium hydrosulphite ex]ts a r$uc+ action on x1 =m+ :ite indigo & sodium sulphite1 a p]fectly cle> solution be+ obta9$1 :i* may be us$ 9 dye+ cotton or wool4 ,) ?is vat x is cu/om>y to prep>e a /rong /ock solution ( r$uc$ indigo1 & to add ?is to ! dye+ vats z may be requir$4 ,to ,make ! ,/ock ,liquor4--,take #bj lb4 ( indigo1 gr9d into a pa/e ) #bj gallons ( boil$ wat]1 !n add #be lb4 lime slak$ into a milk4 ,9 a sep>ate tub !re is mix$ #hj lb4 bisulphite ( soda1 #gj ,tw41 ) #i lb4 z9c du/2 ?is mixture is well /irr$ & e c>e tak5 to prev5t x gett+ hot4 ,:5 ! z9c has dissolv$ & ! mixture is free f any sulphur\s smell x is run into ! indigo mixture giv5 above4 ,! :ole is well /irr$ toge!r = "s "t1 & !n at int]vals1 until ! indigo has become dissolv$1 suffici5t wat] is add$ to make up #ej gallons1 :5 ! /ock liquor w be ready4 ,x %\ld h a deep yell[ col\r4 ,! surface may h a scum ( a bronzy col\r collect on x4 ,?is /ock liquor %\ld be kept 9 casks free f exposure to ! air4 ,to make ! work+ vat f ?is /ock liquor ! foll[+ is ! me?od ( proce$+3-- ,wat] is run into ! vat1 & ?is is heat$ f #gj to #hj ,c4 9 ord] to expel air f x1 aft] :i* x may be all[$ to cool1 !n = ea* #a1jjj gallons conta9$ 9 ! vat !re is add$ #cj lb4 bisulphite ( soda1 #c lb4 z9c du/ & #c lb4 lime1 made into a cream4 ,:5 all ^! +r$i5ts are dissolv$ a quantity ( ! /ock liquor is add$ 9 proportion to ! %ade t x is desir$ to dye4 ,! :ole is well /irr$1 !n ! vat is all[$ to re/ = half an h\r to enable any s$im5t to settle1 & !n ! dye+ is proce$$ )4 ,%\ld ! vat %[ signs ( becom+ gre5 9 col\r x is a good plan to add a mixture ( #a lb4 z9c du/ & #aj lb4 bisulphite ( soda4 ,! vat %\ld be kept alkal9e1 & s a little lime may be add$ f "t to "t4 ,aft] a day's "w x is well to add a little ( ! z9c & bisulphite mixture1 to /ir well & all[ to /& ov]night2 ! next morn+ /r5g!n up ! vat by add+ fre% /ock liquor4 ,9 place ( us+ lime 9 mak+ up ! vat x is possible to use a mixture ( cau/ic soda & ammonia4 ,! lime w t5d to cause "s s$im5t to =m 9 ! vat1 :]eas ! soda & ammonia w n4 ,:5 !y are us$ ! foll[+ mode ( work+ may be foll[$3-- ,/ock ,liquor4--,soda z9c vat3 ,put 9 a tub #bf gallons cold wat]1 #ae lb4 z9c p[d] gr\nd into a pa/e ) #f gallons wat]1 !n /ir 9 #h gallons bisulphite ( soda at #fj ,tw41 /ir well1 keep+ ! heat d[n z mu* z possible1 aft] :i* add #h p9ts cau/ic soda lye at #gj ,tw4 & #ad p9ts #bj p] c5t4 liquor ammonia4 ,:5 all is ?or\ghly mix$ add #cj lb4 indigo1 gr\nd into a pa/e ) #g gallons wat]1 all[ to /& = half an h\r1 !n add wat] to make #ajj gallons1 /ir at int]vals = twelve h\rs or s1 :5 ! /ock liquor w be ready = use4 ,?is is us$ to make ! vat 9 ! same way z ! fir/ above describ$4 ,x is ne$ful be=e add+ ! /ock liquor 9 mak+ a vat to de/roy any oxyg5 or air :i* is pres5t 9 ! vat4 ,?is may mo/ conv5i5tly be done by add+ !reto a solution ( hydrosulphite ( soda1 :i* may be made by mix+ #d-a_/b lb4 z9c du/ ) #e gallons ( wat] & #c gallons bisulphite ( soda at #gj ,tw41 /irr+ well1 s t ! temp]ature does n rise too high1 !re is !n add$ #b p9ts cau/ic soda & #c p9ts liquor ammonia1 #bj p] c5t42 :5 all is dissolv$1 wat] is add$ to make up #ac gallons4 ,%\ld ! vat %[ signs ( becom+ *>g$ ) indigo1 indicat$ by its becom+ ( a gre5 col\r1 a little ( ?is hydrosulphite add$ f "t to "t w correct x4 ,! hydrosulphite-indigo vat made by ei!r ( ! two me?ods indicat$ above works well1 & ) due c>e may be kept 9 "w = mon?s4 ,x gives good %ades ( indigo1 al?\gh "s dy]s consid] t ^! h n ! ri* bronze hue got f ! lime & copp]as vat4 ,! %ades are r fa/] to rubb+4 ,x has be5 propos$ to employ ! dye-/uff indoph5ol 9 conjunction ) indigo1 9 :i* case ! me?od ( mak+ ! vat is ) z9c1 bisulphite ( soda1 cau/ic soda & ammonia z la/ describ$1 only 9 place ( us+ all indigo a mixture ( #bb lb4 indigo & #g-a_/b lb4 indoph5ol is us$4 ,good blue %ades ( consid]able fa/ness c ?us be got4 ,anil9e ,black4--,?is black is produc$ direct ^u ! cotton fibre by v>i\s processes :i* entail ! oxidation ( anil9e4 ,! *emical composition & con/itution ( anil9e black has n yet be5 work$ out4 ,x is n by any means an easy col\r to dye1 b /ill ) c>eful att5tion to c>ry+ out ! v>i\s op]ations 9 detail excell5t results c be atta9$4 ,anil9e black is ! fa/e/ black :i* is kn[n1 x resi/s :5 well dy$ exposure to air & light1 is q fa/ to wa%+ & soap+4 ,its disadvantages are t !re is1 ) "s me?ods ( work+1 a t5d5cy to t5d] ! cotton fibre1 mak+ x te> easily2 secondly1 on exposure to air x t5ds to turn gre51 ?is h[ev] only happ5s :5 ! black has n be5 dy$ prop]ly4 ,at ! pres5t day x is p]haps )\t d\bt ! mo/ us$ ( all blacks4 ,! me?ods = produc+ x are _m & v>i$1 ! foll[+ recipes %[ h[ "s ( ! f9e/ anil9e blacks c be dy$3-- ,ungre5able black is =m$ :5 ! anil9e is by ! action ( ! oxidis+ ag5ts conv]t$ into a sub/ance nam$ nigranil9e4 ,?is comp\nd :5 =m$ w n turn gre5 on ! fibre "u ! influ5ce ( acids4 #a4 ,! mo/ usual oxidis+ ag5t employ$ = dye+ anil9e black is bi*romate ( soda1 :i* salt w be f\nd mu* bett] = all purposes ?an bi*romate ( pota%4 ,two sep>ate solutions are prep>$3 7#a7 #fa lb4 anil9e1 #i lb4 hydro*loric acid & #aj gallons ( wat]2 & 7#b7 #ab lb4 bi*romate ( soda & #bj gallons ( wat]4 ,aft] cool+1 equal quantities ( ^! solutions are mix$ & ! cotton work$ rapidly ?r\gh ! mixture1 9 a few m9utes x assumes a bronze black4 ,! mat]ial is !n wrung out & /eam$ = tw5ty m9utes at #c-a_/b lb4 pressure1 :i* process r5d]s x jet black & also ungre5able4 #b4 ,ano!r anil9e black3 ,= #ajj lb4 cotton use #aa lb4 anil9e oil1 #ae lb4 bi*romate ( soda1 #dj lb4 hydro*loric acid & #afj gallons wat] or #ab lb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! dye-ba? is fill$ ) ! wat] & ! cold solution ( anil9e oil & a "p ( ! hydro*loric acid 9 wat] is fir/ add$1 aft]w>ds ! bi*romate is dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( wat]1 work+ cold at fir/ & gradually ris+ to ! boil4 #c4 ,ano!r me?od is ! foll[+ & gives a black t is fa/ & ungre5able & w n rub3 #aj lb4 *lorate ( soda1 #aj lb4 ammonium *loride1 #aj lb4 copp] sulphate1 #ce lb4 anil9e salt1 #aja lb4 anil9e oil & #bj gallons wat]4 ,! sodium *lorate & ammonium *loride are dissolv$ 9 #f-a_/b gallons & ! copp] sulphate sep>ately 9 #e-a_/b gallons wat]4 ,! anil9e salt is dissolv$ 9 z little hot wat] z possible & neutralis$ ) a small am\nt ( anil9e oil 7#aj lb474 ,! solution ( anil9e salt is fir/ add$ to ! ba?1 !n ! sodium *lorate & ammonium *loride1 & la/ly ! copp] sulphate1 dilute ! :ole to #ad ,tw4 & !n ent] ! goods4 ,next /eam1 !n run ?r\gh a solution conta9+ #aj lb4 bi*romate & #e lb4 soda p] #ajj gallons wat] at #afj ,f41 aft] :i* ! goods are wa%$ & dry /eam$ at #ae lb4 pressure4 #d4 ,a v good black is ! prussiate or /eam anil9e black ^: *eapness %\ld recomm5d x4 ,prep>e conc5trat$ solutions ( #a-c_/d lb4 anil9e salt 9 #a gallon wat]1 #a-a_/b lb4 f]rocyanide ( pota% 9 #c_/d gallons wat] & #a-a_/b lb4 potassium *lorate 9 #a-a_/b gallons wat]4 ,mix ! solutions & "w 9 a jigg]1 !n /eam 9 a ,ma!r ,platt app>atus = two m9utes1 !n "w hot 9 a jigg] 9 a solution ( #b lb4 bi*romate p] #ej gallons wat]1 dry & f9i%4 ,ei!r ( ^! me?ods yields a good full black2 ) a little exp]i5ce & c>e p]fectly uni=m %ades w be got4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,dye+ ,,union 7,,mix$ ,,cotton ,,& ,,wool7 ,,fabrics4 ,!re is n[ produc$ a great v>iety ( textile fabrics ( e conceivable texture by comb9+ ! two fibres1 cotton & wool1 9 a numb] ( ways2 ! v>iety ( ^! fabrics has ( late ye>s consid]ably increas$1 :i* increase may be l>gely ascrib$ to ! introduction ( ! direct dye+ col\r+ matt]s--! ,diam9e dyes1 ! ,b5zo dyes1 ! ,congo & ! ,zambesi dyes1 = 9 ! dye+ ( wool-cotton fabrics !y h made a revolution4 ,! dy] ( union fabrics1 t is1 fabrics compos$ ( wool & cotton1 0 =m]ly put to great /raits to obta9 uni=m %ades on ! fabrics suppli$ to him1 ow+ to ! diff]5ce 9 ! aff9ity ( ! two fibres = ! dye-/uffs !n kn[n4 ,n[ ! direct dyes af=d him a means ( easily dye+ a piece ( cotton-wool clo? 9 any col\r ( a uni=m %ade1 :ile ! production ( two col\r$ effects is mu* m "u 8 control1 & has l$ to ! increas$ production ( figur$-dress fabrics1 ) ! gr\nd 9 "o fibre 7wool7 & col\r1 & ! design 9 ano!r fibre 7cotton7 & col\r4 ,! numb] ( direct dyes issu$ by ! v>i\s col\r manufactur]s is s great t x w\ld take a fairly consid]able space to discuss !m all4 ,to obta9 good results x is ne$ful t ! dy] ( union fabrics %\ld h a ?or\gh k ( ! dyes he is us+1 = ea* dye makes a rule to itself z reg>ds its p[] ( dye+ wool & cotton--"s g bett] on to ! cotton ?an on to ! wool1 & vice v]sa4 ,"s dye wool be/ at ! boil1 o!rs equally well bel[ t heat2 "s g on ! cotton at a mod]ate temp]ature1 o!rs require ! dye-ba? to be boil+2 "s w g on to ! cotton only1 & appe> to ignore ! wool4 ,! pres5ce or abs5ce 9 ! dye-ba? ( su* bodies z c>bonate ( soda1 ,glaub]'s salt1 etc41 has a mat]ial influ5ce on ! degree ( ! aff9ity ( ! dye-/uff = ! two fibres1 z w p]haps be not$ h]eaft]4 ,aga91 :ile "s ( ! dyes produce equal col\rs on bo? fibres1 !re are o!rs :]e ! tone is diff]5t4 ,) all ^! peculi>ities ( ! ,diam9e & o!r direct dyes ! union dy] mu/ make himself famili>4 ,^! dyes are us$ 9 neutral ba?s1 t is1 along ) ! dye-/uff4 ,x is (t5 conv5i5t to use1 along ) ! direct dyes1 "s azo or acid dyes1 :i* h ! prop]ty ( dye+ ! wool f neutral ba?s1 _m examples ( su* w be f\nd 9 ! practical recipes giv5 bel[4 ,! dyes n[ "u consid]ation may be conv5i5tly class$ into five gr\ps4 #a4 ,^? dyes :i* dye ! cotton & wool f ! same ba? to ! same %ade1 or ne>ly s4 ,among su* are ,?i(lav9e ,s1 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 ,diam9e orange ,b1 ,diam9e rose ,b ,d1 ,diam9e r$s #d ,b1 #e ,b1 #f ,b & #aj ,b1 ,diam9e fa/ r$ ,f1 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 ,diam9e br[n ,n1 ,diam9e br[ns #c ,g1 ,b & ,g1 ,diam9e blues ,r ,w1 ,b ,x1 ,diam9e blue ,g1 ,diam9e gre5s ,g & ,b1 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 ,union blacks ,b & ,s1 ,oxydiam9e blacks ,b1 ,m1 ,d & ,a1 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 ,union blue ,b ,b1 ,oxyph59e1 ,*loram9e yell[1 ,alkali yell[ ,r1 ,*rom9e ,g1 ,titan sc>let ,s1 ,mimosa1 ,curcum9e1 ,primul9e1 ,aurol9e1 ,congo ,cor9? ,b1 ,?iazole yell[1 ,columbia yell[1 ,oxydiam9e yell[ ,g ,g1 ,oxydiam9e oranges ,g & ,r1 ,diam9e orange ,f1 ,oxydiam9e r$ ,s4 #b4 ,dyes :i* dye ! cotton a deep] %ade ?an ! wool4 ,! foll[+ belong to ?is gr\p3 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 ,diam9e oranges ,g & ,d1 ,diam9e cate*9e ,g1 ,diam9e cate*9e ,b1 ,diam9e sky blue1 ,diam9e blue #b ,b1 ,diam9e blue #h ,b1 ,diam9e blue ,b ,g1 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 ,diam9e new blue ,r1 ,diam9e /eel blue ,l1 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 ,diam9e black ,b #j1 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 & ,oxydiam9e black ,s ,o ,o ,o1 ,diam9e nitrazol br[n ,g1 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 ,diam9e violet ,n1 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b1 ,columbia blacks ,b & ,f ,b1 ,zambesi black ,b1 ,congo br[n ,g1 ,direct yell[ ,g1 ,direct orange ,b1 ,clayton yell[1 ,cotton yell[1 orange ,t ,a1 ,b5zo purpur9e ,b1 ,brilliant ,congo ,r1 ,*icago blues ,b & #d ,b & #f ,b4 #c4 ,dyes :i* dye wool a deep] %ade ?an ! cotton4 ,! dyes 9 ?is gr\p are n num]\s4 ,!y are ,diam9e gold1 ,diam9e sc>let ,b1 ,diam9e sc>let #c ,b1 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,s1 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 & ,diam9e gre5 ,g1 ,diam9e r$s ,n #j & ,b1 ,*icago blues ,g & ,r1 ,brilliant purpur9e ,r1 ,diam9e sc>let ,b1 ,delta purpur9e #e ,b1 ,*rysam9e1 ,titan blue1 ,titan p9k1 ,congo oranges ,g & ,r1 ,erie blue #b ,g1 ,congo ,r1 ,brilliant ,congo ,r1 ,erika ,b ,n1 ,b5zo purpur9es #d ,b & #aj ,b1 ,*rysoph59e1 ,titan yell[1 ,titan br[ns ,y1 ,r & ,o1 ,congo br[n ,g1 ,sulphon azur9e ,b1 ,zambesi black ,b4 #d4 ,dyes :i* produce diff]5t %ades on ! two fibres4 ,diam9e br[n ,g1 & ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 ,diam9e br[n ,s1 ,diam9e nitrazol br[n ,b1 ,diam9e blues ,b ,x & #c ,r1 ,diam9e blue black ,e1 ,b5zo blue black ,g1 ,b5zo purpur9e #aj ,b1 ,b5zo azur9es ,r1 ,g & #c ,g1 ,columbia r$ ,s1 ,brilliant azur9e #e ,g1 ,titan m>9e blue1 ,congo ,cor9?s ,g & ,b1 ,azo blue1 ,hessian violet1 ,titan blue1 ,azo mauve1 ,congo br[n1 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 ,zambesi br[ns ,g & #b ,g1 ,zambesi black ,f4 #e4 ,azo-acid dyes1 :i* dye wool f neutral ba?s1 & are !re=e suitable = %ad+ up ! wool to ! cotton 9 union fabric dye+4 ,among ! dyes ?us available may be enum]at$3 ,naph?ol blues ,g & ,r1 ,naph?ol blue black1 ,=myl violet #aj ,b1 ,lanacyl blue ,b ,b1 ,lanacyl blue ,r1 ,alkal9e blue1 ,=myl violets ,s #d ,b & #f ,b1 ,roccele9e1 ,azo r$ ,a1 ,croce9e ,a ,z1 ,brilliant sc>let1 ,orange extra1 ,orange ,e ,n ,z1 ,indian yell[ ,g1 ,indian yell[ ,r1 ,tropol9e ,o ,o1 ,naph?ylam9e black #d ,b & ,naph?ol blue black1 ,brilliant sc>let ,g1 ,lanacyl violet ,b1 ,brilliant mill+ gre5 ,b1 ,?ioc>m9e ,r1 ,=myl blue ,b1 ,naph?ylam9e blacks ,d1 #d ,b & #f ,b2 ,azo-acid yell[1 ,curcum9e extra1 ,m&>9e ,g1 ,ponceau #c ,r ,b1 ,acid violet #f ,b1 ,gu9ea violet #d ,b1 ,gu9ea gre5 ,b1 ,wool black #f ,b4 ,reg>d+ ! be/ me?ods ( dye+1 t 9 neutral ba?s yields ! mo/ satisfactory results 9 practical work+4 ,x is done 9 a boil+ hot or 9 a slightly boil+ ba?1 ) ! addition ( #f-a_/d oz4 cry/allis$ ,glaub]'s salt p] gallon wat] = ! fir/ ba?1 & :5 ! ba?s are kept /&+ #bj p] c5t4 cry/allis$ ,glaub]'s salt1 reckon$ ^u ! weight ( ! goods1 = ea* succe$+ lot4 ,9 dye+ unions1 ! dye-ba?s mu/ be z conc5trat$ z possible1 & mu/ n conta9 m ?an f #be to #cj times z mu* wat] z ! goods weigh4 ,9 ?is respect x may s]ve z a guide t conc5trat$ ba?s are be/ us$ :5 dye+ d>k %ades1 :ile light %ades c be dy$ 9 m dilut$ ba?s4 ,! mo/ important factor = produc+ uni=m dye+s is ! appropriate regulation ( ! temp]ature ( ! dye-ba?4 ,conc]n+ ?is1 ! dy] mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! direct col\rs possess a great] aff9ity = ! cotton if dy$ bel[ ! boil+ po9t1 & only g on ! wool :5 ! ba? is boil+1 especially s ! long] & m int5sely ! goods are boil$4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( dye+ is p]haps ! be/ "o3 ,*>ge ! dye-ba? ) ! requisite dye-/uff & ,glaub]'s salt1 boil up1 %ut (f ! /eam1 ent] ! goods & let run = half an h\r )\t /eam1 !n sample4 ,if ! %ade ( bo? cotton & wool is too light add "s m ( ! dye-/uffs us$ = bo? fibres1 boil up once m & boil = a qu>t] to half an h\r4 ,if ! wool only is too light1 or its %ade diff]5t f t ( ! cotton1 add "s m ( ! dye-/uff us$ = %ad+ ! wool & br+ !m aga9 to ! boil4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! cotton turns out too light1 or does n correspond 9 %ade to ! wool1 add "s m ( ! dye-/uffs us$ = dye+ ! cotton1 )\t1 h[ev]1 rais+ ! temp]ature4 ,prolong$ boil+ is only necess>y v r>ely1 & g5]ally only if ! goods to be dy$ are difficult to p5etrate1 or conta9 qualities ( wool :i* only ) difficulty take up ! dye-/uff4 ,9 su* cases1 9 mak+ up ! ba? dye-/uffs are to be select$ "s ( :i* g only on ! wool & o!rs :i* g only on ! cotton 7^? belong+ to ! second gr\p74 ,! goods c !n be boil$ = "s "t1 & p]fect p5etration & level %ades w result4 ,if ! wool takes up ! dye-/uff easily 7z is frequ5tly ! case ) goods manufactur$ f %oddy71 & are !re=e dy$ too d>k a %ade1 !n dye-/uffs h to be us$ :i* pr9cipally dye ! cotton1 & a too high temp]ature %\ld be avoid$4 ,9 su* cases x is advisable to dim9i% ! aff9ity ( ! wool by ! addition ( "o-fif? ( ! orig9al quantity ( ,glaub]'s salt 7ab\t #c_/h oz4 p] gallon wat]71 & f ?ree-qu>t]s to f\r-fif?s ( ! dye-/uff us$ = ! fir/ lot4 ,c>e has to be tak5 t n mu* ( ! dye liquor is lo/ :5 tak+ out ! dy$ goods1 o!rwise ! quantities ( ,glaub]'s salt & dye-/uff w h to be increas$ proportionately4 ,wood5 vats1 su* z are g5]ally us$ = piece dye+1 h prov$ ! mo/ suitable4 ,!y are heat$ ) direct1 or1 /ill bett]1 ) indirect /eam4 ,! me?od :i* has prov$ mo/ advantage\s is to let ! /eam run into a space sep>at$ f ! vat by a p]=at$ wall1 into :i* space ! requir$ dye-/uffs & salt are plac$4 ,! mode ( work+ is r influ5c$ by ! "* ( ! goods1 & ! foll[+ notes w be f\nd useful by ! union dy]3-- ,v little difficulty w be met ) 9 dye+ su* light fabrics z ,italians1 ca%m]e1 s]ges & simil> ?9 textiles lightly wov5 f cotton w>p & wooll5 weft4 ,:5 deep %ades 7blacks1 d>k blues1 br[ns & gre5s71 are be+ dy$ x is n advisable to make up ! dye-ba? ) ! :ole ( ! dyes at once4 ,x is mu* bett] to add ^! 9 quantities ( ab\t "o-f\r? at a "t at int]vals dur+ ! dye+ ( ! piece4 ,x is f\nd t ! aff9ity ( ! wool = ! dyes at ! boil is s mu* great] ?an is t ( ! cotton t x w\ld1 if ! :ole ( ! dye 7 us$1 take up too mu* ( ! col\r1 & !n w\ld come up too deep 9 %ade4 ,nev] give a /rong boil ) su* fabrics1 b keep ! ba? j "u ! boil1 :i* results 9 ! wool dye+ mu* m ne>ly l to cotton4 ,bright ,yell[4--,use #b lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,s 9 a ba? :i* conta9s #d lb4 ,glaub]'s salt p] #aj gallons ( dye liquor4 ,good ,yell[4--,a v f9e deep %ade is dy$ ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e gold & #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 9 ! same way z ! la/4 ,"h advantage is tak5 ( ! fact t :ile ! ,diam9e gold dyes ! wool bett] ?an ! cotton1 ! yell[ dyes ! cotton ! deep] %ade1 & betwe5 ! two a uni=m %ade ( yell[ is got4 ,pale ,gold ,yell[4--,use a dye liquor conta9+ #d lb4 ,glaub]'s salt 9 e #aj gallons1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #b oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g & #c-a_/b oz4 ,indian yell[ ,r4 ,9 ?is recipe !re is us$ 9 ! two la/ dyes purely wool yell[s1 :i* dye ! wool ! same t9t z ! fa/ yell[ ,a dyes ! cotton4 ,bright ,yell[4--,use 9 ! same way z ! la/1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b & #c oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,gold ,orange4--,use z above #b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,g1 #e-a_/b oz4 ,indian yell[ ,k & #a-a_/b oz4 ,orange ,e ,n ,z4 ,deep ,orange4--,use #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,d ,c1 #f-a_/b oz4 ,orange ,e ,n ,z1 & #c-a_/d oz4 ,indian yell[ ,r4 ,black4--,use #d-a_/b lb4 ,union black ,s1 #b oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #e oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #c-a_/d oz4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b1 ) #d lb4 ,glaub]'s salt 9 ea* #aj gallons dye liquor4 ,navy ,blue4--,use #a-a_/d lb4 ,union black ,s1 #c lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #a_/b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black1 #a_/b lb4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b & #b-a_/b oz4 alkal9e blue ,b4 ,r$ ,plum4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #b-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b & #c-a_/d oz4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,d>k ,gre54--,a f9e %ade c be dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #c lb4 ,diam9e gre5 ,b & #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w4 ,d>k ,slate4--,use #d lb4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #c oz4 ,azo r$ ,a4 ,sage4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #d lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g & #a-a_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,a f9e d>k %ade is got f #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v & #b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,peacock ,gre54--,use #c-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e /eel blue ,l1 #ac oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #ad-a_/b oz4 ,?ioc>m9e ,k & #b-a_/d oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g 9 a ba? ( #d lb4 ,glaub]'s salt p] gallon dye liquor4 ,d>k ,sea ,gre54--,use #i oz4 ,diam9e /eel blue ,l1 #c-c_/d oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e orange ,g1 #a-a_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #c_/d oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,use #a lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a lb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ yell[ ,s1 #ac-c_/d oz4 ,union black ,s1 #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m & #a_/b lb4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,fix 9 an alum ba? aft] dye+4 ,d>k ,/one4--,use #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #c-c_/d oz4 ,union black1 #a_/d oz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,azo r$ ,a & #c_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,black4--,a v f9e black c be got f #c-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,b ,m1 #b lb4 ,union black ,s1 #i-a_/b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #d oz4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,d>k ,grey4--,a f9e blui% %ade ( grey is got f #g oz4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #b-a_/d oz4 ,diam9e orange ,g1 #b-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e orange ,g1 #b-a_/b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #a oz4 ,orange ,e ,n ,z4 ,d>k ,blue4--,a f9e %ade is got by us+ #b lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 & #c-a_/b oz4 ,alkal9e blue #f ,b4 ,drab4--,use #c-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #c_/d oz4 ,union black1 #a_/h oz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 #c_/d oz4 ,azo r$ ,a & #a_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,plum4--,use #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 #i-a_/b oz4 ,union black & #a lb4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,bright ,yell[4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #d lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,s1 #b lb4 ,naph?ol yell[ ,s1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,p9k4--,use #a_/f oz4 ,diam9e ,rose ,b ,d1 #a_/d oz4 ,diam9e sc>let ,b1 #a_/b oz4 ,rhodam9e ,b & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,sc>let4--,a f9e %ade is got f #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e sc>let ,b1 #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e r$ #e ,b & #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,orange4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #c-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,g1 #ad-a_/b oz4 ,tropol9e ,o ,o1 & #b-c_/d oz4 ,orange extra4 ,sky ,blue4--,use #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e sky blue & #a-a_/d oz4 ,alkal9e blue ,b4 ,bright ,blue4--,a f9e %ade simil> to t =m]ly kn[n z royal blue is got by us+ #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g & #i-a_/d oz4 ,alkal9e blue #f ,b4 ,m>oon4--,use #c lb4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 #b lb4 ,diam9e violet ,n & #c-a_/d oz4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,gre54--,a f9e gre5 simil> 9 %ade to t us$ = billi>d-table clo? is got f #b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #b lb4 ,diam9e /eel blue ,l1 #ad-a_/b oz4 ,?ioc>m9e ,r & #g-a_/d oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,gold ,br[n--,a f9e br[n is got f #c lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a_/b lb4 ,union black1 #b-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e br[n1 #c_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #a_/b lb4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,navy ,blue4--,use #c-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g & #a_/b lb4 ,alkal9e blue4 ,fawn ,drab4--,a f9e %ade is got by dye+ 9 a ba? conta9+ #f-c_/d oz4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,union black1 #a_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black1 #a_/d oz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b & #a oz4 ,azo r$ ,a4 ,9 all ^! col\rs ! dye-ba?s conta9 ,glaub]'s salt at ! rate ( #d lb4 p] #aj gallons4 ,d>k ,br[n4--#b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #ac oz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,union black & #c-a_/b oz4 ,naph?ol black4 ,drab4--#a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,r1 #c-a_/d oz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 #b-a_/b oz4 ,union black1 #a_/b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #a-a_/d oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,d>k ,blue4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #d-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 #c_/d lb4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b & #e oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,blue ,black---,use #c-a_/b lb4 ,union black ,s1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,b ,m1 #f-a_/b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #a_/d lb4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,d>k ,walnut4--#b-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,union black ,s1 & #aa-a_/d oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,peacock ,gre54--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 #e-a_/f oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,?ioc>m9e ,r & #a-a_/f oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,slate ,blue4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #f-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e c>e*9e ,b1 #d-c_/d oz4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #b-a_/b oz4 ,union black1 #b-c_/d oz4 ,orange ,e ,n ,z1 & #a-c_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,d>k ,sage4--,a good %ade is dy$ ) #a lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #f-a_/b oz4 ,union black1 #a-c_/d oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #c-a_/d oz4 azo r$ ,a & #b-a_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,navy ,blue4--,use #b lb4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,lanacyl violet ,b1 & #g oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,bronze ,gre54--,a good %ade is dy$ ) #b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b1 #e oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,n1 #c_/d lb4 ,union black ,s1 #a lb4 ,indian yell[ ,g & #b-a_/b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,black4--,use #b-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,b ,m & #a-a_/b lb4 ,naph?ylam9e black #f ,b4 ,ano!r recipe1 #b-a_/d lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,b ,m1 #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #a lb4 ,orange ,e ,n ,z & #b oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,use #a-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,b ,m1 #ae-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,indian yell[ ,g & #b-c_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,ano!r comb9ation1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,b ,m1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,orange ,e ,n ,z1 #a lb4 ,indian yell[ ,g & #e oz4 ,naph?ol blue black4 ,sc>let4--#c lb4 ,b5zo purpur9e #d ,b1 #c_/d oz4 ,ponceau #c ,r ,b & #a_/b lb4 ,curcum9e ,s4 ,crimson4--#a_/b lb4 ,congo ,cor9? ,g1 #b lb4 ,b5zo purpur9e #aj ,b & #a_/b lb4 ,curcum9e ,s4 ,bright ,blue4--#b lb4 ,*icago blue #f ,b1 #c oz4 ,alkali blue #f ,b1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,zambesi blue ,r ,x4 ,aft] dye+ r9se & develop 9 a ba? ( #h oz4 sulphuric acid 9 #aj gallons ( wat]1 !n r9se well4 ,d>k ,blue4--#b-a_/b lb4 ,columbia fa/ blue #b ,g1 #c oz4 ,sulphon azur9e ,d1 #h oz4 ,alkali blue #f ,b4 ,aft] dye+ r9se & develop 9 a ba? ( #h oz4 sulphuric acid 9 #bj gallons ( wat]4 ,orange4--#i oz4 ,congo br[n ,g1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,mikado orange #d ,r ,o & #a-a_/b oz4 ,m&>9e ,g4 ,d>k ,gre54--#b lb4 ,columbia gre51 #a_/b lb4 ,sulphon azur9e ,d1 #a lb4 ,zambesi blue ,b ,x1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,curcum9e ,s4 ,black4--#d lb4 ,columbia black ,f ,b & #b lb4 ,wool black #f ,b4 ,pale ,sage ,gre54--#e oz4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #c_/d lb4 ,*rysoph59e ,g & #a-a_/b lb4 ,curcum9e ,s4 ,slate4--#a_/b lb4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #c_/d oz4 ,zambesi blue ,r ,x1 #a_/b oz4 ,mikado orange #d ,r #j & #a-a_/b oz4 ,acid violet #f ,b4 ,d>k ,grey4--#a lb4 ,columbia black ,f ,b1 #c oz4 ,zambesi black ,b & #c_/d oz4 ,sulphon azur9e ,d4 ,drab4--#a-a_/b oz4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #c_/d oz4 ,m&>9e ,g extra1 #a_/d oz4 ,curcum9e extra & #c oz4 ,mikado orange #d ,r ,o4 ,br[n4--#e oz4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #c_/d oz4 ,m&>9e ,g extra1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,orange ,t ,a & #b oz4 ,mikado orange #d ,r #j4 ,nut ,br[n4--#c_/d lb4 ,congo br[n ,g1 #a_/d lb4 ,*icago blue ,r ,w & #c_/d lb4 ,mikado orange #d ,r #j4 ,d>k ,br[n4--#a lb4 ,congo br[n ,g1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,b5zo purpur9e #d ,b1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,zambesi black ,f & #a_/b lb4 ,wool black #f ,b4 ,/one4--#a oz4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #a_/d oz4 ,m&>9e ,g1 #a_/d oz4 ,curcum9e extra & #a-a_/d oz4 ,mikado orange #d ,r #j4 ,slate ,gre54--#c oz4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,gu9ea gre5 ,b4 ,sage ,br[n4--#a_/b lb4 ,zambesi black ,d1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,m&>9e ,g extra1 #c oz4 ,curcum9e extra1 #c oz4 ,acid violet #f ,b1 #f oz4 ,mikado orange #d ,r #j & #d-a_/b oz4 ,curcum9e ,s4 ,cornfl[] ,blue4--#c oz4 ,*icago blue #d ,r1 #a_/d lb4 ,zambesi blue ,r ,x1 #a_/d lb4 ,acid violet #f ,b & #c_/d oz4 ,zambesi br[n ,g4 ,d>k ,br[n4--#a-a_/b lb4 ,brilliant orange ,g1 #a_/b lb4 ,orange ,t ,a1 #a lb4 ,columbia black ,f ,b & #a_/d lb4 ,wool black #f ,b4 ,d>k ,blue4--#b lb4 ,*icago blue ,w1 #a lb4 ,zambesi blue ,r ,x1 #a_/b lb4 ,columbia black ,f ,b1 #aj oz4 ,gu9ea gre5 ,b & #a_/b lb4 ,gu9ea violet #d ,b4 ,! ,janus dyes may be us$ = ! dye+ ( half wool 7union7 fabrics4 ,! be/ plan ( work+ is to prep>e a ba? ) #e lb4 ( sulphate ( z9c2 9 ?is ! goods are work$ at ! boil = five m9utes1 !n !re is add$ ! dyes previ\sly dissolv$ 9 wat]1 & ! work+ cont9u$ = a qu>t] ( an h\r2 !re is !n add$ #bj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & ! work+ at ! boil cont9u$ = "o h\r1 at ! end ( :i* "t ! dye-ba? w be fairly well exhau/$ ( col\r4 ,! goods are n[ tak5 out & put into a fix+-ba? ( sumac or tann91 9 :i* !y are treat$ = fifte5 m9utes2 to ?is same ba? !re is next add$ t>t> emetic & #a lb4 sulphuric acid1 & ! work+ cont9u$ = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 !n ! ba? is heat$ to #afj ,f41 :5 ! goods are lift$1 r9s$ & dri$4 ,9 ! recipes ! quantities ( ! dyes1 sumac or tann9 & t>t> emetic are giv5 only1 ! o!r +r$i5ts & processes are ! same 9 all4 ,d>k ,blue4--#b-a_/d lb4 ,janus d>k blue ,b & #a_/d lb4 ,janus gre5 ,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #af lb4 sumac extract & #b lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,blue ,black4--#c-a_/b lb4 ,janus black ,i & #a_/b lb4 ,janus black ,,ii 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #af lb4 sumac extract & #b lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,d>k ,br[n4--#b-a_/b lb4 ,janus br[n ,b1 #a lb4 ,janus black ,i1 #c-a_/b oz4 ,janus yell[ ,g & #e oz4 ,janus r$ ,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #af lb4 sumac extract & #b lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,drab4--#a-a_/b oz4 ,janus yell[ ,r1 #c_/d oz4 ,janus r$ ,b1 #a oz4 ,janus blue ,r & #a_/d oz4 ,janus grey ,b ,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #d lb4 sumac extract & #a lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,grey4--#e oz4 ,janus blue ,r1 #c-a_/d oz4 ,janus grey ,b1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,janus yell[ ,r & #a_/d oz4 ,janus r$ ,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #d lb4 suma* extract & #a lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,nut ,br[n4--#a lb4 ,janus br[n ,r1 #h oz4 ,janus yell[ ,r & #a-a_/b oz4 ,janus blue ,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #h lb4 sumac extract & #a lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,walnut ,br[n4--#c lb4 ,janus br[n ,b1 #a lb4 ,janus r$ ,b1 #a lb4 ,janus yell[ ,r1 #a-a_/d oz4 ,janus gre5 ,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #h lb4 sumac extract & #a lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,crimson4--#b-a_/b lb4 ,janus r$ ,b & #h oz4 ,janus cl>et r$ ,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #h lb4 sumac extract & #a lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,d>k ,gre54--#a-a_/b lb4 ,janus gre5 ,b1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,janus yell[ ,r & #h oz4 ,janus grey ,b ,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #ab lb4 sumac extract & #a-a_/d lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,*e/nut ,br[n4--#a lb4 ,janus br[n ,r & #a lb4 ,janus yell[ ,r 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #h lb4 sumac extract & #a lb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,be=e ! introduction ( ! direct dyes ! me?od usually foll[$1 &1 inde$ /ill us$ to a great ext5t1 is t kn[n z cross dye+4 ,! goods 7 wov5 ) dy$ cotton ?reads ( ! requir$ %ade1 & undy$ wooll5 ?reads4 ,aft] weav+ & cleans+ ! wooll5 "p ( ! fabric 0 dy$ ) acid dyes1 su* z ,acid mag5ta1 ,sc>let ,r1 ,acid yell[1 etc4 ,9 su* me?ods c>e has to be tak5 t ! dyes us$ = dye+ ! cotton are su* z /& acids1 a by no means easy condition to fulfil at "o "t4 ,_m ( ! direct dyes are fa/ to acids &1 !re=e1 l5d !mselves m or less readily to cross dye+4 ,= details ( ! dyes = cotton ref]5ce may be made to ! sections on dye+ ) ! direct col\rs1 page #he1 etc41 :ile in=mation z to me?ods ( dye+ ! wool w be f\nd 9 ! companion volume to ?is on ,dye+ ( ,wooll5 ,fabrics4 ,%ot ,effects4--,a pleas+ k9d ( textile fabric :i* is n[ made1 & is a great fav\rite = ladies' dress goods1 is :]e ! cotton ( a mix$ fabric is ?r[n up to =m a figur$ design4 ,x is possible to dye ! two fibres 9 diff]5t col\rs1 & s produce a v>iety ( %ot effects4 ,^! latt] are s endless t x is impossible "h to enum]ate all t may be produc$4 ,x w h to suffice to lay d[n ! l9es :i* may be foll[$ to ! be/ advantage1 & !n give "s recipes to illu/rate ! rem>ks t h be5 made4 ,! be/ plan = ! production ( %ot effects ^u union fabrics is to take advantage ( ! prop]ty ( c]ta9 acid dyes :i* dye only ! wool 9 an acid ba?1 & ( _m ( ! direct col\rs :i* w only dye ! cotton 9 an alkal9e ba?4 ,! process1 work+ on ^! l9es1 becomes z foll[s3 ,! wool is fir/ dy$ 9 an acid ba? ) ! addition ( ,glaub]'s salt & bisulphate ( soda1 or sulphuric acid1 ! goods are !n wa%$ ) wat] conta9+ a little ammonia to free !m f ! acid1 & aft]w>ds dy$ ) ! direct col\r 9 an alkal9e ba?4 ,fancy or ! mode %ades are obta9$ by comb9+ suitable dye-/uffs4 ,if ! cotton is to be dy$ 9 light %ades x is advantage\s to dye on ! liquor at #fe to #hj ,f41 ) ! addition ( #c-a_/d oz4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & f #bj to #dj gra9s borax p] gallon wat]4 ,! addition ( an alkali is advisable 9 ord] to neutralise any slight quantities ( acid :i* may h rema9$ 9 ! wool1 & to prev5t ! dye-/uff f dye+ ! cotton too deep a %ade4 ,v light %ades c also be done on ! padd+ ma*9e4 ,! dye-/uffs ( ,gr\p ,,ii41 :i* h be5 previ\sly enum]at$1 d n /a9 ! wool at all1 or only v slightly1 & are1 !re=e1 ! mo/ suitable4 ,less bright effects c be produc$ by simply dye+ ! goods 9 "o ba?4 ,! wool is fir/ dy$ at ! boil ) ! respective wool dye-/uff 9 a neutral ba?1 ! /eam is !n %ut (f & ! cotton dy$ by add+ ! cotton dye-/uff to ! ba?1 & dye+ )\t aga9 heat+4 ,by pass+ ! goods ?r\gh cold wat] to :i* "s sulphuric or acetic acid is add$1 ! brightness ( mo/ effects is greatly increas$4 ,gold & ,gre54--,fir/ ba?1 #a lb4 ,cyanole extra1 #g-a_/d oz4 ,acid gre51 #a-a_/b oz4 ,orange ,g ,g1 & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda2 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift & r9se well4 ,second ba?1 #d lb4 ,diam9e orange ,g & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 "w 9 ! cold or at a lukew>m heat4 ,?ird ba?1 at #abj ,f41 #d oz4 ,*rysoid9e & #a_/d oz4 ,safran9e4 ,black & ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 #c-a_/b lb4 ,naph?ol black #c ,b & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #b lb4 ,diam9e sky blue & #ac lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,?ird ba?1 #f-a_/b oz4 ,new ,me?yl5e blue ,n4 ,"w z 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,gre5 & ,cl>et4--,fir/ ba?1 #c-a_/b lb4 ,naph?ol r$ ,c & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #b lb4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,s1 & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,gold ,br[n & ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 #b-a_/b oz4 orange ,e ,n ,z1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,orange ,g ,g1 #a_/d oz4 ,cyanole extra & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #ad oz4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,br[n & ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 #a_/b lb4 ,orange ,g ,g1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,orange ,e ,n ,z1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,cyanole extra & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #ab oz4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,black & ,gre5 ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 #c lb4 ,orange ,g ,g1 #a lb4 ,brilliant co*9eal #d ,r1 #a lb4 ,fa/ acid gre5 ,b ,n & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,second ba?1 #a-c_/d lb4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #c-a_/d lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,s & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,we may "h note t 9 all ! above recipes ! second ba? 7= dy+ ! cotton7 %\ld be us$ cold or at lukew>m heat & z /rong z possible4 ,x is n completely exhau/$ ( col\r1 only ab\t "o-half go+ on ! fibre4 ,if kept z a /&+ ba? ?is feature %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 & less dye-/uff us$ 9 ! dye+ ( ! second & foll[+ lots ( goods4 ,blue & ,gold ,yell[4--#c lb4 ,diam9e orange ,g1 #ac oz4 ,naph?ol blue ,g1 #ad-a_/b oz4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at j "u ! boil4 ,br[n & ,blue4--#a lb4 ,diam9e /eel blue ,l1 #i-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e sky blue1 #a lb4 ,orange ,e ,n ,z1 #a lb4 ,indian yell[ ,g1 #a-c_/d oz4 ,naph?ol blue black & #ae lb4 ,glaub] s salt4 ,"w at #agj to #ahj ,f4 ,9 ^! two la/ recipes only "o ba? is us$1 all ! dyes be+ add$ at once4 ,?is is possible if c>e be tak5 t dye-/uffs ( two k9ds are us$1 "o or m :i* w dye wool & n cotton f neutral ba?s1 & ^? direct dyes :i* dye cotton bett] ?an wool4 ,! temp]ature %\ld also be kept bel[ ! boil & c>efully regulat$ z ! op]ation proce$s & ! results beg9 to %[ !mselves4 ,grey & ,orange4--,fir/ ba?1 #c oz4 ,orange extra1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,cyanole extra1 #a lb4 ,azo r$ ,a & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #e oz4 ,diam9e orange ,d ,c & #c oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b4 ,gre5 & ,r$4--,fir/ ba?1 #b lb4 ,croce9e ,a ,z1 & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,second ba?1 #a lb4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #a_/b lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,s1 & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,br[n & ,violet4--,fir/ ba?1 #c_/d lb4 ,orange extra1 #c_/d lb4 ,cyanole extra1 & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #e oz4 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,black & ,yell[4--,fir/ ba?1 #g lb4 ,naph?ol black ,b1 #a_/b lb4 ,fa/ yell[ ,s1 & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,black & ,p9k4--,black z above4 ,p9k ) ,diam9e rose ,b ,d 7see above74 ,gre5 & ,buff4--,fir/ ba?1 #a_/d lb4 ,orange extra1 #c_/d oz4 ,fa/ yell[ ,s1 & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 #a_/b lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,s1 & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,orange & ,violet4--,fir/ ba?1 #i oz4 ,orange extra1 & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,black & ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 ,naph?ol black z giv5 above4 ,second ba?1 ,diam9e sky blue z giv5 above4 ,black & ,yell[4--,add fir/ #a lb4 ,wool black #f ,b1 & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n1 :5 ! wool has be5 dy$1 add #b lb4 ,curcum9e ,s to dye ! cotton 9 ! same ba?4 ,gre5 & ,r$4--,dye ! wool by us+ #c lb4 ,gu9ea gre5 ,b1 #a_/d lb4 ,curcume9e extra1 & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n add to ! ba? #c_/d lb4 ,erika ,b ,n1 & #c_/d lb4 ,congo ,cor9? ,g4 ,orange & ,blue4--,dye ! wool fir/ ) #a-a_/d lb4 ,m&>9e ,g1 #b oz4 ,wool black #f ,b1 & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 !n ! cotton ) #b lb4 ,columbia blue ,g4 ,blue & ,orange4--,dye ! wool fir/ ) #c_/d lb4 ,gu9ea violet ,b1 #c_/d lb4 ,gu9ea gre5 ,b1 & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 !n dye ! cotton ) #b lb4 ,mikado orange #d ,r ,o4 ,gre5 & ,orange4--,dye ! wool ) #c lb4 ,gu9ea gre5 ,b1 #a_/d lb4 ,curcume9e extra1 & #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n dye ! cotton 9 ! same ba? ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,mikado orange #d ,r ,o4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,dye+ ,,half ,,silk 7,,cotton-,,silk1 ,,sat97 ,,fabrics4 ,! direct dyes ( ! ,diam9e1 ,b5zo & ,congo types h be5 ( late ye>s increas+ly us$ = dye+ sat9 7silk & cotton71 & !y h q displac$ ! old me?ods ( dye+ ?is class ( fabrics1 :i* consi/$ 9 fir/ dye+ ! silk ) an acid dye & !n dye+ ! cotton ) a basic dye4 ,= details ( ! me?od ( apply+ acid dyes to silk ref]5ce may be made to ,mr4 ,g4,h4 ,hur/'s book on ,silk ,dye+4 ,mo/ ( ! direct col\rs are exce$+ly well adapt$ = ?is purpose1 "s "u c]ta9 conditions possess ! prop]ty ( dye+ ! cotton a deep] %ade ?an ! silk1 :i* is an advantage r ?an o!rwise4 ,! dye+ ( goods compos$ ( silk & cotton is g5]ally done 9 w9* dye-vats1 9 "s cases also on ! jigg]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,dye+4 ,! direct col\rs are z a rule dy$ 9 a soap-ba? ) addition ( phosphate ( soda1 ,glaub]'s salt or common salt & a little soda4 ,! addition ( ^! salts effects a bett] exhau/ion ( ! ba?s2 !y are !re=e pr9cipally us$ = d>k & full %ades1 :il/ pale %ades are dy$ ) ! addition ( soap only or 9 comb9ation ) phosphate ( soda4 ,d>k or pale %ades may ?us be produc$ at w by select+ ! prop] additions1 b ! fact %\ld n be ov]look$ t ! great] exhau/ion ( ! ba?s n only increases ! dep? ( %ade ( ! cotton b also causes ! silk to absorb m dye-/uff4 ,too l>ge a proportion ( salt w\ld cause ! dye-/uffs to g on ! fibre too quickly & ?us make ! dye+ liable to turn out unev54 ,a l>ge proportion ( soap c\nt]acts ! effects ( ! salts1 caus+ ! dye-/uff to g on less quickly & t5d+ to leave ! silk light] ?an ! cotton1 9 "s cases ev5 almo/ :ite1 a prop]ty :i* is valuable 9 _m cases1 especially z enabl+ ! silk & cotton to be dy$ 9 diff]5t col\rs to obta9 %ot effects4 ,x is ?us obvi\s t a g5]al me?od applicable 9 all cases _c be giv52 x w v>y accord+ to ! effect desir$1 & p>tly also dep5d on ! mat]ial to be dy$4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s may s]ve z a guide = ! fir/ ba?3-- ,= pale %ades ea* #aj gallons dye-liquor %\ld conta9 #c-a_/d to #f-a_/b oz4 soap & #d to #g drs4 soda or #c-a_/d to #f-a_/b oz4 soap1 #d to #e-a_/b drs4 soda & #c-a_/d to #f-a_/b oz4 phosphate ( soda4 ,= m$ium & d>k %ades ea* #aj gallons dye-liquor may conta9 #c-a_/d to #f-a_/b oz4 soap1 #d to #g drs4 soda1 #c-a_/d to #f-a_/b oz4 phosphate ( soda & #f-a_/b to #ac oz4 cry/4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,= two col\r$ effects or dye+s1 9 :i* ! silk is int5d$ to rema9 z pale z possible or ev5 :ite1 ea* #aj gallons dye-liquor may conta9 #d-c_/d to #h oz4 soap1 #d to #f drs4 soda1 #c-a_/d to #h oz4 phosphate ( soda & #d-c_/d to #i-a_/b oz4 cry/4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,! temp]ature ( ! dye-ba?s is g5]ally #age to #aie ,f42 9 practical dye+ x is usual to boil up ! fully *>g$ dye-ba?1 %ut (f ! /eam1 ent] ! goods & dye = ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,= obta9+ level dye+s 9 pale %ades x is advisable n to ent] ! goods too hot1 b to raise ! temp]ature gradually4 ,rais+ ! temp]ature1 or dye+ = "s "t at ! boil w deep5 ! %ade ( ! cotton1 b at ! same "t w h ! same effect on ! silk :i* may sometimes be an advantage :5 dye+ d>k %ades4 ,z a complete exhau/ion ( ! ba?s does n take place1 especially :5 dye+ d>k %ades1 x is advantage\s1 nay1 ev5 imp]ative1 to pres]ve ! ba?s = fur!r use1 !y are !n repl5i%$ ) only ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( ! quantities ( dye-/uffs us$ = ! fir/ ba?1 ( ! soap only ab\t "o f\r?1 ( ,glaub]'s salt1 soda & phosphate ( soda only ab\t "o-fif?1 ( ! fir/ quantities are necess>y4 ,! fir/ ba? %\ld be prep>$ ) cond5s$ wat]4 ,if none is at h& ord9>y wat] %\ld be boil$ up ) soda & soap & ! scum remov$4 ,cle> soap ba?s are absolutely necess>y = ! production ( pure %ades & clean pieces4 ,aft] dye+1 ! pieces mu/ be v well r9s$1 & ! col\r rais$ or bright5$ ) #a p9t ( acetic acid 9 #aj gallons ( wat]4 ,_m ( ! ,diam9e & ,titan col\rs be+ v fa/ to acids1 b few ( !m w be affect$ by ?is treatm5t4 ,9 ! foll[+ tables are giv5 ^? ,diam9e1 etc41 col\rs especially adapt$ = ! dye+ ( goods compos$ ( silk & cotton1 divid$ into ?ree gr\ps accord+ to _! relation to silk & cotton3-- #a4 ,dye-/uffs possess+ a great aff9ity to cotton & t9t+ ! silk n at all or only v little4 ,to ?is class belong ,*icago blues1 ,b5zo blues1 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 ,diam9e orange ,g ,g1 ,diam9e orange ,d ,c1 ,diam9e blue ,b ,b1 ,diam9e blue #c ,b1 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f1 ,diam9e brilliant blue ,g1 ,diam9]al blue ,e1 ,diam9e black ,b1 ,mikado br[ns1 ,mikado oranges1 ,mikado yell[s4 #b4 ,dye-/uffs produc+ on cotton & silk ! same or ne>ly ! same %ade b cov]+ ! cotton bett] ?an ! silk4 ,^! are ,?i(lav9e ,s1 ,diam9e yell[ ,n1 ,diam9e gold1 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 ,diam9e orange ,b1 ,diam9e grey ,g1 ,diam9e rose ,b ,d1 ,diam9e sc>let ,s1 ,diam9e sc>let ,b1 ,diam9e sc>let #c ,b1 ,diam9e r$ #e ,b1 ,diam9e fa/ r$ ,f1 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,b1 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,s1 ,diam9e violet ,n1 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b1 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w1 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 ,diam9e /eel blue ,l1 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b1 ,union black ,s1 ,oxydiam9e black ,d1 ,diam9og5e extra1 ,diam9og5e ,b1 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 ,diam9e br[n #c ,g1 ,diam9e gre5 ,b1 ,diam9e gre5 ,g4 #c4 ,dye-/uffs produc+ on cotton m or less diff]5t %ades ?an on silk4 ,?is gr\p comprises ,diam9e blue ,c ,b1 ,diam9e blue ,b ,g1 ,diam9e blue ,b ,x1 ,diam9e azo blue #b ,r1 ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 ,diam9e blue black ,e1 ,diam9e black ,r ,o1 ,oxydiam9e black ,s ,o ,o ,o1 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 ,diam9e br[n ,b1 ,diam9e bronze ,g4 ,cotton br[n ,n produces on silk d>k] %ades ?an on cotton4 ,( c\rse ?is classification _c be tak5 z absolutely correct1 z by rais+ or l[]+ ! temp]ature dur+ ! dye+ process or by a l>g] or small] addition ( soap or ,glaub]'s salt 7common salt1 phosphate ( soda71 ! dye-/uffs are m or less influ5c$ 9 "o or ! o!r direction4 ,diam9e violet ,n1 = in/ance1 :5 dy$ ) an increas$ addition ( soap w\ld dye ! cotton some:at light]1 b at ! same "t leave ! silk p]fectly :ite4 ,topp+ ) ,basic & ,acid ,dye-/uffs4--,z 9 v few cases only ! desir$ %ade c be obta9$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance by bottom+ ) direct col\rs1 topp+ g5]ally has to be resort$ to4 ,?is is be/ done ) basic dyes1 9 "s cases also ) acid dye-/uffs 9 cold or tepid ba? ) addition ( sulphuric acid1 hydro*loric or acetic acid4 ,! use ( acid dye-/uffs is re/rict$ to cases :]e ! silk alone is to be %ad$4 ,9 mo/ cases basic dye-/uffs are made use (1 :i* dye silk & cotton ! same %ade & deep5 ! %ade ( ! cotton if ! latt] has a suffici5tly good bottom1 ?us giv+ ! goods a bett] & full] appe>ance4 ,x is n advisable to employ basic & acid dye-/uffs 9 ! same ba? except :5 ! quantities ( ei!r class are v small4 ,%\ld x be necess>y to dye ) l>ge quantities ( bo? classes1 ! acid dye-/uffs are fir/ dy$ 9 a tepid acid ba? & !n ! goods are topp$ ) ! basic dye-/uffs 9 a fre% cold ba? ) ! addition ( a little hydro*loric or acetic acid4 ,( ! basic dye-/uffs :i* are available1 ! foll[+ are ! mo/ suitable = topp+3 ,new me?yl5e blue ,n1 & o!r br&s2 ,new blue ,d & o!r br&s2 ,cresyl blue1 ,me?yl9done ,b & ,r1 ,metaph5yl5e blue1 ,indaz9e2 ! v>i\s br&s ( ,brilliant gre51 ,solid gre5 & ,mala*ite gre51 ,capri gre51 ,cresyl violet1 ,?i(lav9e ,t1 ,new phosph9e ,g1 ,tann9 orange ,r1 & ! v>i\s br&s ( ,bism>ck br[n2 ,safran9e1 ,mag5ta all br&s1 ,tann9 heliotrope1 all br&s ( ,neutral violet1 ,me?yl violet4 ,( ! acid dye-/uffs1 ! foll[+ are good = topp+ or %ad+ ! silk3 ,cyanole extra1 ,indigo blue ,n1 ,indigo blue ,s ,g ,n1 & ! v>i\s br&s ( ,wat] blue1 ,soluble blue1 ,solid blue1 & ,indul9e2 ! v>i\s br&s ( ,acid gre5 & ,fa/ acid gre52 ,indian yell[ ,g & ,r1 ,naph?ol yell[ ,s1 ,tropol9e ,o & ,o ,o1 & ! v>i\s br&s ( ,mill+ yell[ & ,orange2 ,azo r$ ,a1 ,azo rub9e ,a1 ,ar*il sub/itute ,n1 ,azo orseille ,b ,b1 ,brilliant orseille ,c1 & ! v>i\s br&s ( ,eos9e1 ,ery?ros9e1 ,rose b5gale1 ,rhodam9e1 ,brilliant croce9e & ,brilliant sc>let2 ! v>i\s br&s ( ,=myl violet & ,acid violet2 ,anil9e grey ,b & ,nigros9e1 soluble 9 wat]4 ,bright ,yell[4--,use #b lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,s4 ,deep ,orange ,yell[4--,?is c be dy$ by us+ #b lb4 ,diam9e yell[ ,n4 ,gold ,yell[4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e gold4 ,"s c>e mu/ be tak5 ) ?is1 especially n to dye too hot or ! silk w be dy$ deep] ?an ! cotton4 ,deep ,orange4--,use #b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,b4 ,bright ,rose4--,use #b lb4 ,diam9e ,rose ,b ,d4 ,d n "w too high1 especially :5 dye+ light rose %ades1 z !n ! silk is apt to take up too mu* col\r4 ,sc>let4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #b lb4 ,diam9e sc>let ,h ,s4 ,! heat ( ! dye-ba? %\ld n be all[$ to exce$ #afj to #agj ,f41 or !re is a risk ( ! %ades becom+ some:at dull]4 ,crimson4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ r$ ,f4 ,violet4--,use #b lb4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b4 ,bright ,blue4--,a f9e %ade is dy$ ) #b lb4 ,diam9e blue ,r ,w4 ,d>k ,gre54--,use #b lb4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w4 ,?is gives a f9e %ade ( blui% gre54 ,gold ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e br[n #c ,g at a l[ heat1 f #aej to #afj ,f41 o!rwise ! silk takes up too mu* col\r4 ,d>k ,gre54--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e gre5 ,b4 ,deep ,rose4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,diam9e r$ #aj ,b4 ,brilliant ,yell[4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,mikado gold5 yell[ #h ,g2 !n ent] into a cold ba? :i* conta9s #a-a_/b p] c5t4 ,auram9e ,,ii4 ,?is gives a v bright %ade ( yell[4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,dye a bottom ) #b lb4 ,mikado br[n #c ,g ,o1 & !n top ) #c lb4 ,bism>ck br[n & #a_/b lb4 ,capri blue ,g ,o ,n4 ,crimson4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,mikado orange #e ,r ,o & #b lb4 ,hessian purple ,n4 ,sage ,gre54--,dye a bottom ) #b lb4 ,mikado yell[ ,g1 #ad oz4 ,eboli gre5 ,t & #c oz4 ,mikado br[n ,m1 !n top 9 a fre% cold ba? ) #a_/b lb4 ,auram9e ,,ii & #a_/b oz4 ,acrid9e ,orange ,n #j4 ,leaf ,gre54--,dye a bottom ) #c lb4 ,mikado gold5 yell[ #h ,g & #a lb4 ,eboli blue ,b2 !n top ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,capri gre5 #b ,g 9 a cold ba?4 ,deep ,br[n4--,dye ) #b lb4 ,mikado orange #c ,r ,o1 #c lb4 ,hessian grey ,s & #a lb4 ,hessian br[n #b ,b ,n2 !n top ) #g oz4 ,az9e gre5 ,t #j & #b-a_/d lb4 ,acrid9e orange ,n #j4 ,d>k ,cream4--,bottom ) #a oz4 ,diam9e orange ,g2 !n top 9 a fre% w>m ba? ) #a oz4 ,orange ,g ,g1 #a_/b oz4 ,indian yell[ ,r1 #e lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,brilliant ,violet4--,give a bottom ) #a lb4 ,diam9e violet ,n2 !n top 9 a fre% w>m ba? ) #d oz4 ,me?yl violet ,b & #b oz4 ,rhodam9e4 ,slate4--,bottom 9 a hot ba? ) #f oz4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b & #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,m2 !n top 9 a fre% ba? at #agj ,f4 ) #d oz4 ,anil9e grey ,b1 #a oz4 ,cyanole extra1 #e lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #a lb4 acetic acid4 ,black ,br[n4--,give a bottom ) #b lb4 ,cotton br[n ,a1 #a lb4 ,diam9e gold & #c-a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,s ,o ,o ,o2 !n top 9 a fre% ba? at #abj ,f4 ) #d oz4 ,new me?yl5e blue ,n1 #a oz4 ,safran9e & #a_/b oz4 ,indian yell[ ,g4 ,bright ,violet4--,use #a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b & #c_/d oz4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b2 top aft] dye+ ) #a_/b oz4 ,safran9e1 #a_/d oz4 ,me?yl9done ,b & #a_/d oz4 ,cyanole extra4 ,drab4--,dye ) #f oz4 ,diam9e orange ,g1 #a lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g & #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 topp+ aft]w>ds 9 a ba? ( #a_/d oz4 ,anil9e grey ,b & #a_/d oz4 ,bism>ck br[n ,f ,f4 ,leaf ,gre54--,dye ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w1 & #a lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b2 top ) #a_/d oz4 ,brilliant gre51 #a_/d oz4 ,indian yell[ ,r1 #a_/b oz4 ,?i(lav9e ,t & #a_/b oz4 ,cyanole extra4 ,d>k ,crimson4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c lb4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,s1 #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e orange ,d ,c & #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v1 topp+ ) #a oz4 ,mag5ta & #a_/b oz4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,turquoise ,blue4--,use to dye ! gr\nd1 #f oz4 ,diam9e sky blue ,f ,f & #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a2 top ) #a-a_/b oz4 ,cyanole extra & #a_/d oz4 ,brilliant gre54 ,d>k ,grey4--,dye ) #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e grey ,g1 & #a-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,m2 top ) #a_/d oz4 ,orange extra & #a oz4 ,cyanole extra4 ,brilliant ,orange4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,mikado orange ,r ,o1 & top ) #f oz4 ,acrid9e orange ,n ,o & #ab oz4 ,auram9e ,i ,i4 ,br[n4--,dye a bottom col\r ) #c lb4 ,mikado br[n ,m1 & top ) #b lb4 ,bism>ck br[n & #f oz4 ,cresyl fa/ violet #b ,r ,n4 ,deep ,crimson4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,columbia black ,r & top ) #f oz4 ,mag5ta4 ,pale ,sea ,gre54--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #a_/b oz4 ,*rysoph59e ,g1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,*icago blue #f ,b & #a-a_/b oz4 ,alkali blue #f ,b4 ,bright ,crimson4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,congo ,cor9? & top ) #a lb4 ,mag5ta4 ,d>k ,russian ,gre54--,dye ) #c lb4 ,columbia black ,b2 !n top ) #a lb4 ,mala*ite gre54 ,gold ,drab4--,dye ) #e oz4 ,columbia black1 & top ) #e oz4 ,*rysoid9e ,r4 ,bright ,olive ,yell[4--,dye ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e gold1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a & #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g2 top ) #a_/b lb4 ,?i(lav9e ,t & #a_/d lb4 ,*rysoid9e4 ,moss ,br[n4--,dye ) #a oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #f oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #f oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 topp+ ) #a oz4 new ,me?yl5e blue ,n & #d oz4 ,orange ,g ,g4 ,d>k ,sea ,gre5--,dye a bottom ) #i oz4 ,diam9e black ,b & #d-a_/b oz4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,b1 !n top ) #b oz4 ,new me?yl5e blue ,m & #b oz4 ,new phosph9e ,g4 ,old ,gold4--,dye a gr\nd ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e gold1 #a-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 & #f oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 topp+ ) #h oz4 ,?i(lav9e ,t1 #a oz4 ,indian yell[ ,r & #a oz4 ,brilliant gre54 ,cornfl[] ,blue4--,dye ! gr\nd ) #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e azo blue #b ,b1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,alkali blue #c ,b1 #a_/b lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,s ,o ,o ,o1 & top ) #a oz4 ,metaph5yl5e blue ,b1 #b oz4 ,new me?yl5e blue ,r & #a oz4 ,indigo blue ,n4 ,slate4--,dye ) #g oz4 ,diam9e d>k blue ,b & #a oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,m2 top ) #a oz4 ,anil9e grey ,b & #a oz4 ,cyanole extra4 ,pale ,drab4--,dye ! gr\nd ) #a oz4 ,diam9e orange ,g ,c1 #c_/d oz4 ,diam9e bronze ,g & #a_/b oz4 ,diam9e br[n ,m2 top ) #c_/d oz4 ,new me?yl5e blue ,n1 #a oz4 ,bism>ck br[n & #a oz4 ,cyanole extra4 ,deep ,leaf ,gre54--,dye a gr\nd col\r ) #a-a_/d lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a & #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,h ,w2 ! topp+ ba? is made ) #a_/b lb4 ,brilliant gre51 #a_/b lb4 ,*rysoid9e & #a_/d lb4 ,new me?yl5e blue ,n4 ,m>oon4--,dye ) #c lb4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux ,s1 #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,d ,c & #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,v2 top ) #a_/b lb4 ,mag5ta & #a_/d lb4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,heliotrope4--,dye ) #a lb4 ,heliotrope #b ,b4 ,lilac ,rose4--,dye ) #h lb4 ,columbia black ,r & #a lb4 ,alkali blue ,b2 aft] dye+ pass ?r\gh a weak acetic acid ba?1 !n wa% well4 ,pea ,gre54--,dye ) #b lb4 ,*rysoph59e1 #a lb4 ,*icago blue #f ,b & #a lb4 ,alkali blue #f ,b2 pass1 aft] dye+1 ?r\gh a weak acetic acid ba?1 !n wa% well4 ,d>k ,drab4--,dye ) #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m1 #a lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a & #c_/d lb4 ,diam9e bronze ,g2 top ) #a_/b lb4 ,orange ,g ,g & #a_/b lb4 ,cyanole extra4 ,deep ,rose4--,dye ! bottom col\r ) #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e rose ,b ,d & top ) #a_/d lb4 ,rhodam9e ,b & #a oz4 ,safran9e4 ,walnut ,br[n4--,dye ! bottom col\r ) #a lb4 ,oxydiam9e black ,d1 #a lb4 ,diam9e br[n ,m & #a lb4 ,oxydiam9e violet ,b2 ! topp+ is done ) #d oz4 ,safran9e1 #b oz4 ,new me?yl5e blue ,n & #b oz4 ,*rysoid9e4 ,dye+ ( ,pla9 ,black4--,diam9e blacks f9d a v ext5sive application = dye+ blacks on sat91 ei!r dy$ direct 9 "o ba?1 or dy$1 diazotis$ & develop$4 ,union black ,s & ,oxydiam9e black ,d are p>ticul>ly suitable = direct blacks1 & are us$ ei!r alone or 9 a comb9ation ) ,diam9e jet black ,s ,s1 :i* produces a bett] cov]+ ( ! silk1 or ) ,oxydiam9e black ,s ,o ,o ,o1 :i* deep5s ! %ade ( ! cotton4 ,accord+ to ! %ade requir$ ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a & ,b1 ,diam9e gre5 ,b or ,g1 or ,alkal9e blue may be us$ = %ad+4 ,dye = ab\t "o h\r at ab\t #age to #aie ,f4 9 z conc5trat$ a ba? z possible1 ) ab\t #g to #h lb4 dye p] #ajj lb4 ( sat91 #h to #af oz4 ,glaub]'s salt & #e to #h oz4 soap p] #aj gallons dye liquor2 keep cool 9 ! ba? = "s "t & r9se4 ,! rais+ is ei!r done 9 a tepid soap ba? ) ! addition ( "s new me?yl5e blue1 or 9 an acid ba? to :i* ,naph?ol1 blue black1 ,acid gre51 etc41 is add$ = %ad+ ! silk4 ,direct dy$ blacks are especially suitable = *eap goods 7ribbons1 light l9+s1 etc471 = :i* special fa/ness to wat] is n requir$2 also = tram & tuss> silk plu%es1 :i* are aft]w>ds topp$ ) logwood4 ,if great] fa/ness is requir$1 & m especially if x is a case ( replac+ anil9e black1 ,diam9og5e diazotis$ & develop$ is a good dye-/uff4 ,x is ext5sively us$ = dye+ umbrella clo?s & l9+s4 ,aga9/ anil9e black x has ! great advantage ( n t5d]+ ! fibre 9 ! lea/1 & n turn+ gre5 dur+ /orage4 ,diam9og5e ,b & ,diam9og5e extra are mo/ly us$ = ?is purpose1 ! =m] = jet blacks1 ! latt] = blue-black %ades4 ,proce$ z foll[s3 ,ent] ! boil$ (f & acidulat$ goods 9 a boil+ ba? z conc5trat$ z possible1 *>g$ ) #af oz4 ,glaub]'s salt p] #aj gallons liquor1 & #a lb4 acetic acid p] #ajj lb4 dry goods4 ,= jet black add = #ajj lb4 sat91 #f to #h lb4 ,diam9og5e1 #a to #b lb4 ,naph?ylam9e black ,d1 #a_/b to #a lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a or ,diam9e gre5 ,b2 = v deep %ades ab\t #a_/e ( ! quantity ( ,diam9og5e ,b may be replac$ ) ,diam9e jet black ,s ,s4 ,= blue black1 #f to #h lb4 ,diam9og5e ,b1 or #c to #d lb4 ,diam9og5e ,b1 & #c to #d lb4 ,diam9og5e extra4 ,dye = ?ree-qu>t]s to "o h\r at ! boil1 all[ to cool 9 ! ba? = ab\t ?irty m9utes1 !n r9se1 diazotise & develop4 ,ph5yl5e diam9e 7#ic p] c5t47 s]ves = develop+ jet blacks mix$ ) resorc9e = gre5i% %ades4 ,beta-naph?ol is us$ = blue blacks 7#a lb4 #e oz4 p] #ajj lb4 ( dry mat]ial1 dissolv$ 9 its own weight ( soda lye1 #ge ,tw474 ,! ?ree develop]s may also be mix$ ) ea* o!r 9 any proportions4 ,aft] develop+ soap hot ) addition ( new me?yl5e blue1 by *oos+ a r$di% or a blui% br& ( new me?yl5e1 blue & black may be %ad$ at w 9 ! soap ba?2 f9ally r9se & raise ) acetic acid4 ,if prop]ly c>ri$ out ?is process w give a black almo/ equal to anil9e black2 b hav+1 z already m5tion$1 ! advantage ( n impair+ ! /r5g? ( ! fibre1 & n turn+ gre5 dur+ /orage4 ,z ! dye-ba?s = blacks are *>g$ ) a proportionately high p]c5tage ( dye-/uff = ! fir/ ba?1 & w n exhau/ completely1 x is advisable to pres]ve !m = fur!r use4 ,= subsequ5t lots only two-?irds to ?ree-f\r?s ( ! quantities ( dye-/uffs us$ = ! fir/ ba?s are requir$1 :i* fact has to be tak5 into consid]ation :5 calculat+ ! co/ ( dye+4 ,dye+ ,%ot ,effects on ,sat94--,n all direct col\rs are equally well adapt$ = ! production ( %ot effects2 ^? enum]at$ 9 ,gr\p ,i4 are mo/ suitable = ! purpose1 & %\ld be dy$ ) a l>g] quantity ( soap ?an is usual = solid %ades1 9 ord] to leave ! silk z little t9t$ z possible4 ,dye-/uffs ( ! o!r gr\ps may be us$ if ! dye+ is conduct$ ) prop] c>e1 i4e41 keep+ ! ba?s m alkal9e & l[]+ ! temp]ature4 ,! goods are dy$ ) ! addition = ! two col\r$ effects previ\sly m5tion$1 !n !y are well r9s$1 & aft]w>ds ! silk is dy$ ) ! suitable acid dye-/uffs1 ) addition ( sulphuric acid at a temp]ature ( ab\t #aej ,f4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to use too mu* acid1 & to keep ! temp]ature ( ! ba? suffici5tly l[1 z o!rwise ! acid may cause "s ( ! dye-/uff to g (f ! cotton & t9t ! silk4 ,x is be/ to "w at a temp]ature ( ab\t #aej ,f41 ) addition ( ab\t #c oz4 conc5trat$ sulphuric acid p] #aj gallons dye-liquor4 ,= %ad+ ! silk all acid dye-/uffs c be us$ :i* h be5 m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ tables4 ,if 9 %ot effects ! cotton is to be dy$ bright & full %ades1 ?is is be/ a*iev$ by dye+ ) direct col\rs fir/1 & !n topp+ ) basic col\rs z foll[s3-- ,bottom ! cotton fir/ ) ! suitable direct col\rs1 !n dye ! silk & !n treat ! pieces = ab\t two h\rs 9 a cold tann9 ba? 7ab\t #h oz4 tann9 p] #aj gallons ( wat]71 !n r9se once & pass ?r\gh a t>t> emetic ba? 7ab\t #c oz4 p] #aj gallons71 r9se ?or\ghly & dye ! cotton to %ade ) basic col\rs 9 a cold ba? to :i* "s acetic acid has be5 add$4 ,%\ld ! silk become a little dull aft] ?is process1 ?is may be rem$i$ by a slight soap+4 ,aft] dye+ r9se well & raise ) acetic acid4 ,%ot ,effects ) ,black ,cotton ,w>p4--,effects mu* 9 fav\r are designs compos$ ( black cotton & light or col\r$ silk4 ,! mo/ suitable black dye = ?is purpose is ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 diazotis$ & develop$4 ,dye 9 z conc5trat$ a ba? z possible at ab\t #afj ,f4 ) ab\t #f lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #a lb4 ,diam9e sky blue1 pat41 p] #ajj lb4 ( dry goods1 #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,d ,c1 pat41 ) an addition ( #f-a_/b oz4 soap1 #d to #e dr4 soda p] #aj gallons liquor1 #af oz4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,aft] dye+ r9se well 9 a ba? conta9+ #f dr4 soda & #c oz4 soap p] #aj gallons wat]1 diazotis$ 9 a fre% ba? ) #d lb4 nitrite ( soda & #ab lb4 hydro*loric acid 7p] #ajj lb4 ( dry goods71 r9se ?or\ghly & develop ) #c to #af oz4 ph5yl5e diam9e 7#ic p] c5t471 ) addition ( #a to #b lb4 soda4 ,^! two op]ations %\ld foll[ ea* o!r z quickly z possible1 also c>e has to be tak5 t ! diazotis$ goods are n expos$ to direct sunlight or heat1 :i* causes unlevel dye+s4 ,! silk is !n clean$ z f> z possible by hot soap+1 & dy$ at ab\t #abj to #adj ,f41 ) acid dye-/uffs & ! addition ( sulphuric acid4 ,aft] dye+ r9se z usual & bright54 ,yell[ & ,violet1--,dye ! cotton ) #b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 ! silk ) #a lb4 ,cyanole extra1 & #a lb4 ,=9yl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,black & ,blue4--,dye ! cotton ) #e lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #a lb4 ,diam9e sky blue1 & #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e orange ,d ,c4 ,aft] dye+1 diazotise & develop ) ph5yl5e diam9e z describ$ above4 ,!n dye ! silk ) #a_/b lb4 ,pure soluble blue & #a lb4 ,cyanole extra4 ,black & ,crimson4--,dye ! black z 9 ! previ\s recipe1 !n dye ! silk ) #b lb4 ,brilliant croce9e #c ,b & #a_/b lb4 ,rhodam9e ,s4 ,blue & ,gold4--,dye ! cotton ) #b lb4 ,diam9e sky blue & ! silk ) #a lb4 ,fa/ yell[ ,s4 ,d>k ,blue & ,gre54--,dye ! cotton ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e black ,b ,h1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e sky blue & #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e azo blue #b ,r2 ! silk ) #b lb4 ,naph?ol yell[ ,s & #a lb4 ,new me?yl5e blue ,g ,g4 ,violet & ,yell[4--,dye ! cotton ) #b oz4 ,diam9e violet ,n & ! silk ) #a lb4 ,fa/ yell[ ,s4 ,orange & ,violet4--,dye ! cotton ) #b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,d ,c & ! silk ) #a lb4 ,=myl violet ,s #d ,b4 ,d>k ,blue & ,olive4--,dye ! cotton ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9]al blue ,r & #a_/b lb4 ,diam9e azo blue #b ,r1 & ! silk ) #a lb4 ,naph?ol yell[ ,b & #a lb4 ,orange ,g ,g4 ,gre5 & ,p9k4--,dye ! cotton ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a & #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e sky blue1 & ! silk ) #a lb4 ,ery?ros9e ,b4 ,br[n & ,blue4--,dye ! cotton ) #c lb4 ,mikado br[n #b ,b1 & ! silk ) #a_/b lb4 ,pure blue4 ,x is q possible to produce two col\r$ effects conta9+ blue 9 "o ba? by us+ ,alkali blue z a con/itu5t ) a direct dye :i* works only on to ! cotton1 ! alkali blue go+ on to ! silk1 z1 = example1 9 ! foll[+ recipes3-- ,orange & ,blue4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #c lb4 ,mikado orange #e ,r ,o & #a-a_/d lb4 ,alkali blue #f ,b4 ,aft] ! dye+ ! goods are r9s$1 !n pass$ ?r\gh a ba? ( #a-a_/b lb4 sulphuric acid 9 #aj gallons wat]1 wa%$ well & dri$4 ,olive & ,blue4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #a-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e fa/ yell[ ,a1 #b-a_/b lb4 ,diam9e orange ,,dc1 #a_/d lb4 ,diam9e sky blue1 & #a lb4 ,alkali blue #f ,b1 ,aft] dye+ r9se1 !n acidulate z above & wa% well4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,op]ations ,,foll[+ ,,dye+4 ,,wa%+1 ,,soap+1 ,,dry+4 ,aft] loose cotton or wool1 or cotton & wooll5 y>ns1 or piece goods ( e description h be5 dy$1 be=e !y c be s5t out = sale !y h to pass ?r\gh v>i\s op]ations ( a purify+ "*4 ,!re are "s op]ations ?r\gh :i* clo?s pass t h z _! object ! imp>t+ ( a c]ta9 appe>ance & texture to !m1 g5]ally kn[n z f9i%+ processes2 ( ^! x is n int5d$ "h to speak1 b only ( ^? :i* prec$e ^!1 b foll[ on ! dye+ op]ations4 ,^! processes are usually ( a v simple "*1 & common to mo/ col\rs :i* are dy$1 & "h w be notic$ ! appliances & manipulation necess>y 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ^! op]ations4 ,squeez+ or ,wr++4--,x is advisable :5 ! goods are tak5 out ( ! dye-ba? to squeeze or wr+ !m accord+ to circum/ances1 9 ord] to press out all surplus dye-liquor1 :i* c be return$ to ! dye-ba? if ne$ful to be us$ aga94 ,?is is an economical proce$+ 9 _m cases1 especially 9 work+ ) _m ( ! old tann9 mat]ials l sumac1 divi-divi1 myrobolams1 & ! mod]n direct dyes :i* 9 ! dye+ op]ations are n completely extract$ out ( ! ba?1 or 9 o!r words1 ! dye-ba? is n exhau/$ ( col\r+ matt]1 &1 !re=e1 x c be us$ aga9 = ano!r lot ( goods1 simply by add+ fre% mat]ial to make up = t absorb$ by ! fir/ lot ( goods4 ,loose wool & loose cotton are some:at difficult to deal ) by squeez+ or wr++1 b ! mat]ial may be pass$ ?r\gh a pair ( squeez+ roll]s1 su* z are %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca1 :i* w be m fully dealt ) lat] on4 ,! ma*9e %[n is made by ,messrs ,read ,holliday ,sons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--,squeez+ ,roll]s4 ,y>ns 9 ,hanks4--,9 ! hank-dye+ process ! hanks are wrung by plac+ "o end ( ! hank on a wr++ horse plac$ ov] ! dye-tub1 a dye /ick on ! o!r end ( ! hank giv+ two or ?ree %>p pulls to /raight5 out ! y>n1 & !n twi/+ ! /ick r\nd1 ! twi/+ ( ! y>ns puts "s pressure on ! fibres1 ?or\ghly & uni=mly squeez+ out ! surplus liquor f ! y>n4 ,hank-wr++ ,ma*9es4--,sev]al =ms ( hank-wr++ ma*9es h be5 devis$4 ,"o ma*9e consi/s ( a pair ( discs fitt$ on an axle2 ^! discs c>ry /rong hooks on :i* ! hanks are plac$4 ,! op]ator places a hank on a pair ( ! hooks4 ,! discs revolve & c>ry r\nd ! hank1 dur+ ! revolution ! hank is twi/$ & ! surplus liquor wrung out1 :5 ! revolution ( ! discs c>ries ! hank to ! spot :]e x ent]$ ! ma*9e ! hooks fly back to _! orig9al position1 ! hank unw9ds1 x is !n remov$ & a new hank put 9 its place1 & s ! ma*9e works on1 hanks be+ put on & (f z requir$4 ,! capacity ( su* a ma*9e is great1 & ! effici5cy ( its work+ good4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,sp5c] ( ,:itefield makes a hank-wr++ ma*9e :i* consi/s ( a pair ( hooks plac$ ov] a vat4 ,"o ( ! hooks is fix$1 ! o!r is made to rotate4 ,a hank hung betwe5 ! hooks is naturally twi/$1 & all ! surplus liquor wrung out4 ,! liquor fall+ into ! vat4 ,roll] ,squeez+ ,ma*9es = ,y>n4--,hanks may be pass$ ?r\gh a pair ( indi>ubb] squeez+ roll]s1 :i* may be s arrang$ t !y c be fix$ z requir$ on ! dye-ba?4 ,su* a pair ( roll]s is a famili> article1 & q common & 9 g5]al use 9 dye h\ses4 ,piece ,goods4--,^! are g5]ally pass$ op5 ?r\gh a pair ( squeez+ roll]s :i* are (t5 atta*$ to ! dye-vat 9 :i* ! pieces are dy$4 ,read ,holliday's ,squeez+ ,ma*9e4--,9 ,fig4 #ca is %[n a squeez+ ma*9e v l>gely employ$ = squeez+ all k9ds ( piece goods & cotton w>ps aft] dye+ or wa%+4 ,x consi/s ( a pair ( heavy roll]s on :i*1 by means ( ! screws %[n at ! top1 a v consid]able pressure c be br\ght to be>4 ,! piece is run ?r\gh ! eye %[n on ! left1 by :i* x is made into a rope =m1 !n ov] ! guid+ roll]s & betwe5 ! squeez+ roll]s1 & into waggons = conveyance to o!r ma*9es4 ,?is ma*9e is effective4 ,ano!r plan on :i* roll]1 or r 9 ?is case disc1 squeez+ ma*9es is made1 is to make ! bottom roll] ) a squ>e groove 9 ! c5tre1 into ?is fits a disc1 ! clo? pass+ betwe5 !m4 ,! top disc c by suitable screws be made to press ^u ! clo? 9 ! groove1 & ?us squeeze ! wat] out ( x4 ,wa%+4--,"o ( ! mo/ important op]ations foll[+ t ( dye+ is ! wa%+ ) wat] to free ! goods1 :e!r cotton or wooll51 f all traces ( loose dye1 acids1 mordant+ mat]ials1 etc41 :i* x is n desirable %\ld be left 91 z !y might int]f]e ) ! subsequ5t f9i%+ op]ations4 ,= ?is purpose a pl5tiful supply ( good clean wat] is requir$2 ?is %\ld be z s(t z possible1 free f any susp5d$ matt] :i* might settle ^u ! dy$ goods1 & /a9 or speck !m4 ,wa%+ may be done by h&1 z x frequ5tly 0 9 old5 days1 by simply imm]s+ ! dy$ fabrics 9 a tub ( wat]1 %ak+1 !n wr++ out1 aga9 plac+ 9 fre% wat] to f9i% (f4 ,or if ! dye-works 7 on ! banks ( a runn+ /ream ( clean wat] ! dy$ goods 7 simply hung 9 ! /ream to be wa%$ 9 a v effectual mann]4 ,9 ^! days x is be/ to resort to wa%+ ma*9es adapt$ to deal ) ! v>i\s k9ds ( fibr\s mat]ials & fabrics 9 :i* !y c be subject$ to a curr5t ( wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,y>n-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,loose ,wool & ,cotton4--,if ?is has be5 dy$ by h& !n ! wa%+ may also be done 9 ! same way by h& 9 a pla9 vat4 ,if ! dye+ has be5 done on a ma*9e1 !n ! wa%+ c be done on ! same ma*9e4 ,y>ns4--,y>n 9 ! cop =m is be/ wa%$ 9 ! ma*9e 9 :i* x is dy$4 ,y>ns 9 ,hanks4--,a v common =m ( wa%+ ma*9e is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cb4 ,z w be se5 x consi/s ( a wood5 vat1 ov] :i* are arrang$ a s]ies ( revolv+ reels on :i* ! hanks are hung4 ,! hanks are kept 9 motion ?r\gh ! wat]1 & s e "p ( ! y>n is ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,guides keep ! hanks ( y>n sep>ate & prev5t any entanglem5t "o ) ano!r4 ,a pipe deliv]s con/antly a curr5t ( clean wat]1 :ile ano!r pipe c>ries away ! us$ wat]4 ,motion is giv5 to ! reels 9 ?is case by a donkey eng9e atta*$ to ! ma*9e1 b x may also be driv5 by a belt f ! ma9 driv+ %aft ( ! works4 ,?is ma*9e is v effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--;,dye-h\se ,wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,piece ,goods4--,piece goods are mo/ly wa%$ 9 ma*9es1 ( :i* two broad types may be recognis$2 fir/1 ^? :]e ! pieces are dealt ) 9 ! =m ( ropes 9 a twi/$ =m1 &1 second1 ^? :]e ! pieces are wa%$ op54 ,!re are "s ma*9es 9 :i* ! clo?s may be treat$ ei!r 9 ! op5 or rope =m z may be ?\ght mo/ desirable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--;,clo?-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,fig4 #cc repres5ts a fairly well-kn[n ma*9e1 made by ,messrs4 ,ma!r ,platt1 9 :i* ! pieces are treat$ 9 a rope-l =m4 ,x consi/s ( a tr\gh 9 :i* a con/ant curr5t ( wat] is ma9ta9$4 ,at "o end ( ?is tr\gh is a squ>e beat+ roll]1 at ! o!r a wood5 lattice roll]4 ,above ! squ>e beat]1 & out ( ! tr\gh1 are a pair ( roll]s ^: purpose is to draw ! clo? ?r\gh ! ma*9e & also p>tly to act z squeez+ roll]s4 ,z w be se5 ! clo? is ?read$ 9 rope =m spirally r\nd ! roll]s1 pass+ 9 at "o end & out at ! o!r1 pegs 9 a guide rail s]v+ to keep ! v>i\s portions sep>ate4 ,! squ>e beat] 9 its revolutions has a beat+ action on ! clo? t5d+ to m effectual wa%+4 ,! lattice roll] is simply a guide roll]4 ,fig4 #cd %[s a wa%+ ma*9e v l>gely us$ 9 ! wool-dye+ trade4 ,! pr9cipal portion ( ?is ma*9e is ( wood4 ,! int]nal p>ts consi/ ( a l>ge wood5 b[l1 or (t5]1 z 9 ! ma*9e "u notice1 ( a pair ( wood5 b[ls :i* are press$ toge!r by spr+s ) "s small degree ( =ce4 ,betwe5 ^! b[ls ! clo? is plac$1 m or less loosely twi/$ up 9 a rope =m1 & ! ma*9es are made to take f\r1 six or eight pieces1 or l5g?s ( pieces1 at "o "t1 ! ends ( ! pieces be+ /it*$ toge!r4 ,a pipe runn+ along ! front ( ! ma*9e conveys a con/ant curr5t ( clean wat] :i* is caus$ to imp+e 9 ! =m ( jets on ! pieces ( clo? z !y run ?r\gh ! ma*9e1 :ile an ov]fl[ c>ries away ! us$ wat]4 ,! goods are run 9 ?is ma*9e until !y are consid]$ to be suffici5tly wa%$1 :i* may take half to "o & a half h\rs4 ,9 ,fig4 #ce is %[n a ma*9e design$ to wa% pieces 9 ! broad or op5 /ate4 ,! ma*9e conta9s a l>ge numb] ( guide roll]s1 built m or less op51 r\nd :i* ! pieces are guid$--! ends ( ! pieces be+ /it*$ toge!r4 ,pipes c>ry+ wat] are s arrang$ t jets ( clean wat] imp+e on & ?or\ghly wa% ! clo? z x passes ?r\gh--! con/ruction ( ! guide roll]s facilitat+ ! effici5t wa%+ ( ! goods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--;,clo?-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,soap+4--- ,sometimes y>ns or clo?s h to be pass$ ?r\gh a soap ba? aft] be+ dy$ 9 ord] to bright5 up ! col\rs or develop !m 9 "s way4 ,9 ! case ( y>ns ?is c be done on ! reel wa%+ ma*9e su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cb4 ,9 ! case ( piece goods1 a cont9u\s ma*9e1 9 :i* ! wa%+1 soap+1 etc41 c be c>ri$ on simultane\sly1 is (t5 employ$4 ,su* a ma*9e is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cf4 ,x consi/s ( a numb] ( comp>tm5ts fitt$ ) guide roll]s s t ! clo? passes up & d[n sev]al times ?r\gh ! liquors 9 ! comp>tm5ts4 ,betwe5 "o comp>tm5t & ano!r is plac$ a pair ( squeez+ roll]s4 ,! clo? is ?read$ 9 a cont9u\s mann]1 well %[n 9 ! draw+1 ?r\gh ! ma*9e4 ,9 "o comp>tm5t x is treat$ ) wat]1 9 ano!r soap liquor1 9 ano!r wat]1 & s on2 & ^! ma*9es may be made ) two1 ?ree or m comp>tm5ts z may be necess>y = ! p>ticul> "w 9 h&4 ,z se5 9 ! draw+1 ! clo? passes 9 at "o end & out at ! o!r f9i%$4 ,x is usually arrang$ t a cont9u\s curr5t ( ! v>i\s liquors us$ fl[s ?r\gh ! v>i\s comp>tm5ts1 ?us ensur+ ! mo/ p]fect treatm5t ( ! clo?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--,wa%+ & ,soap+ ,vats4 ,/eam+4--,sometimes x becomes necess>y to subject dy$ goods to a process ( /eam+1 z1 = in/ance1 ) /eam anil9e blacks1 khaki %ades1 aliz>9e r$s1 etc41 = ! purpose ( m fully develop+ & fix+ ! dye ^u ! fibre4 ,9 ! case ( y>ns1 ?is op]ation is c>ri$ out 9 ! /eam+ cottage1 "o =m ( :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,x consi/s ( a horizontal cyl9drical iron vessel l a /eam boil]1 "o end is entirely clos$1 :ile ! o!r is made to op5 & be clos$ tightly & h]metically4 ,! cottage is fitt$ ) ! necess>y /eam inlet & outlet pipes1 dra9 pipes = cond5s$ wat]1 pressure gauges4 ,! y>n to be /eam$ is hung on rods plac$ on a skeleton frame waggon on :eels :i* c be run 9 & out ( ! /eam+ cottage z is requir$4 ,! draw+ %[s well ! v>i\s important p>ts ( ! ma*9e4 ,9 ! case ( piece goods ^! also c be hung f rods 9 folds on su* a waggon1 b x is mu* m cu/om>y to employ a cont9u\s /eam+ *amb]1 v simil> to ! age+ & oxidis+ ma*9e %[n 9 ,fig4 #ch1 & also us$ 9 ! dye+ ( anil9e black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--,/eam+ ,cottage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--,/eam+ & ,age+ ,*amb]4 ,dry+4--,foll[+ on ! wa%+ comes ! f9al op]ation ( ! dye+ process1 t ( dry+ ! dy$ & wa%$ goods4 ,textile fabrics ( all k9ds aft] !y h pass$ ?r\gh dye-ba?s1 wa%+ ma*9es1 etc41 conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( wat]1 (t5 exce$+ 9 weight t ( ! fibre itself1 & to take ! goods direct f ! prec$+ op]ations to ! dry+ plant means t a consid]able am\nt ( fuel mu/ be exp5d$ to drive (f ?is l>ge am\nt ( wat]4 ,x is !re=e v desirable t ! goods be fre$ f z mu* ( ?is wat] z possible be=e !y are s5t into any dry+ *amb]s1 & ?is may be done 9 ?ree ways1 by wr++1 squeez+ & hydro-extract+4 ,! fir/ two me?ods h already be5 describ$ 7p4 #bci1 etc47 & ne$ n aga9 be allud$ to2 ! la/ ne$s "s acc\nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--;,hydro-extractor4 ,hydro-extractors are a mo/ effici5t means = extract+ wat] out ( textile fabrics4 ,!y are made 9 a v>iety ( =ms by sev]al mak]s4 ,ess5tially !y consi/ ( a cyl9drical vessel1 or basket1 z x is call$1 ) p]=at$ sides s con/ruct$ t x c be revolv$ at a high spe$4 ,?is vessel is enclos$ 9 an out] cage4 ,! goods are plac$ 9 ! basket1 z x is t]m$1 & !n ?is is caus$ to revolve at high spe$1 :5 c5trifugal action comes into play1 & ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! goods f9ds its way to ! outside ( ! basket ?r\gh ! p]=ations1 & s away f ! goods4 ,hydro-extractors are made 9 a v>iety ( sizes & =ms--9 "s ! driv+ ge> is above1 9 o!rs bel[ ! basket2 9 "s ! driv+ is done by belt-ge>+1 9 o!rs a /eam eng9e is directly connect$ ) ! basket4 ,figs4 #ci & #dj %[ two =ms :i* are mu* 9 use 9 ! textile indu/ry4 ,!y are v effici5t1 & extract wat] f textile goods m completely ?an any o!r means1 z w be obvi\s f a /udy ( ! table bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--;,hydro-extractor4 ,! relative effici5cy ( ! ?ree sy/ems ( extract+ ! moi/ure out ( textile fabrics has be5 inve/igat$ by ,gro!1 :o gives 9 8 ,appretur d] ,gewebe1 publi%$ 9 #ahhb1 ! foll[+ table %[+ ! p]c5tage am\nt ( wat] remov$ 9 fifte5 m9utes3-- ,y>ns4 ,wool4 ,silk4 ,cotton4 ,l954 ,wr++ #dd4e #de4d #de4c #ej4c ,squeez+ #fj4j #ga4d #fj4j #gc4f ,hydro-extract+ #hc4e #gg4j #ha4b #hb4h ,pieces4 ,wr++ #cc4d #dd4e #dd4e #ed4f ,squeez+ #fd4j #fi4g #gb4b #hc4j ,hydro-extract+ #gg4h #ge4e #hb4c #hf4j ,9 ! practical work+ ( hydro-extractors x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ! goods be c>efully & regul>ly laid 9 ! basket--n too mu* 9 "o "p & too little 9 ano!r4 ,any unev5ness 9 ?is respect at ! spe$ at :i* !y are driv5 lays su* a /ra9 on ! be>+s z to s]i\sly endang] ! safety ( ! ma*9e4 ,aft] be+ wrung1 squeez$ or hydro-extract$ ! goods are ready to be dri$4 ,9 ! case ( y>ns1 ?is may be done 9 rooms heat$ by /eam pipes plac$ on ! floor1 ! hanks be+ hung on rods susp5d$ f racks arrang$ = ! purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--;,automatic ,y>n-dry]4 ,:]e l>ge quantities ( y>n h to be dri$1 x is mo/ economical to employ a y>n-dry+ ma*9e1 & "o =m ( su* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #da4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ma*9e is t ( "o long room f ! outside2 int]nally x is divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 ea* ( :i* is heat$ up by suitably arrang$ /eam pipes1 b ! degree ( heat+ 9 ea* comp>tm5t v>ies--at ! entrance end x is high1 at ! exit end l[]4 ,! y>n is f$ 9 at "o end1 be+ hung on rods1 & by suitable ge>+ x is c>ri$ directly ?r\gh ! v>i\s *amb]s or sections1 & 9 its passage ! heat to :i* x is subject$ drives (f ! wat] x conta9s4 ,! y>n requires no att5tion f ! "t x passes 9 wet at ! "o end ( ! ma*9e & comes out dry at ! o!r end4 ,! am\nt ( lab\r requir$ is slight1 only t repres5t$ by fill+ ! /icks ) wet y>n & empty+ !m ( ! dri$ y>n4 ,! ma*9e works regul>ly & well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--,truck ,y>n-dry]4 ,! dry+ is accompli%$ by circulat+ heat$ air ?r\gh ! y>ns1 ?is heat+ be+ effect$ by /eam coils1 fre% air cont9ually ent]s ! *amb]s1 :ile wat]-saturat$ air is z cont9ually be+ tak5 out at ! top ( ! *amb]4 ,"o ( ! great secrets 9 all dry+ op]ations is to h a con/ant curr5t ( fre% hot air play+ on ! goods to be dri$2 ?is absorbs ! moi/ure !y conta91 & ! wat]-*>g$ air ?us produc$ mu/ be tak5 away z quickly z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig #dc4--;,dry+ ,cyl9d]s4 ,fig4 #db %[s :at is call$ a truck y>n-dry]1 :i* consi/s ( a *amb] heat$ ) /eam pipes & fitt$ ) an exhau/+ fan to draw out ! air & wat] vap\r :i* is produc$4 ,! y>ns are hung on trucks :i* c be run 9 & out ( ! *amb] = fill+ & empty+4 ,piece ,goods4--,! mo/ conv5i5t mann] ( dry+ piece goods is to employ ! /eam cyl9d] dry+ ma*9e1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #dc4 ,?is consi/s ( a numb] ( holl[ t9 or copp] cyl9d]s :i* c be heat$ by /eam pass+ 9 ?r\gh ! axles ( ! cyl9d]s1 :i* are made holl[ on purpose4 ,! clo? to be dri$ passes r\nd ^! cyl9d]s1 :i* revolve :ile ! clo? passes4 ,!y "w v effectually4 ,! cyl9d]s are arrang$ sometimes1 z 9 ! draw+1 v]tically2 at o!r times horizontally4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,te/+ ,,( ,,! ,,col\r ,,( ,,dy$ ,,fabrics4 ,x is frequ5tly desirable t dy]s %\ld be able to asc]ta9 ) "s degree ( accuracy :at dyes h be5 us$ to dye any p>ticul> samples ( dy$ clo? t has be5 (f]$ to !m to mat*4 ,9 ^! days ( ! ?\s& & "o diff]5t dyes t are kn[n x is by no means an easy ?+ to d2 & :51 z is mo/ (t5 ! case1 two or ?ree dye-/uffs h be5 us$ 9 ! production ( a %ade1 ! difficulty is mat]ially increas$4 ,! only available me?od is to try ! effect ( v>i\s acid & alkal9e reag5ts on ! sample1 not+ :e!r any *ange ( col\r occurs1 & judg+ accord+ly4 ,x w\ld be a good ?+ = dy]s to accu/om !mselves to te/ ! dye+s !y d1 & s accumulate a fund ( practical exp]i5ce :i* w /& !m 9 good /ead :5ev] !y h occasion to exam9e a dy$ patt]n ( unkn[n orig94 ,! limits ( ?is book does n p]mit ( !re be+ giv5 a s]ies ( elaborate tables %[+ ! action ( v>i\s *emical reag5ts on fabrics dy$ ) v>i\s col\rs2 & su*1 inde$1 s]ve v little purpose1 = x is mo/ difficult to describe ! m9or diff]5ces :i* (t5 s]ve to di/+ui% "o col\r f ano!r4 ,in/ead ( do+ s1 we w po9t out 9 "s detail ! me?ods ( c>ry+ out ! v>i\s te/s1 & advise all dy]s to c>ry ^! out = !mselves on samples dy$ ) kn[n col\rs1 & :5 !y h an unkn[n col\r to te/ to make te/s comp>atively ) kn[n col\rs t !y ?9k are likely to h be5 us$ 9 ! production ( ! dy$ fabric !y are te/+4 ,"o v common me?od is to spot ! fabric1 t is1 to put a drop ( ! reag5t on x1 usually ) ! end ( ! /opp] ( ! reag5t bottle1 & to obs]ve ! col\r *anges1 if any1 :i* ensue4 ,?is is a v useful te/ & %\ld n be omitt$1 & x is (t5 employ$ 9 ! te/+ ( indigo dy$ goods ) nitric acid1 ^? ( logwood ) hydro*loric acid1 aliz>9e ) cau/ic soda1 & _m o!rs4 ,x is simple & easy to c>ry out1 & only takes a few m9utes4 ,to make a complete s]ies ( te/s ( dy$ fabrics !re %\ld be provid$ ! foll[+ reag5ts3-- #a4 ,/rong sulphuric acid1 z b\ght4 #b4 ,dilute sulphuric acid1 be+ ! /rong acid dilut$ ) tw5ty times its volume ( wat]4 #c4 ,conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid4 #d4 ,dilute hydro*loric acid1 #a acid to #bj wat]4 #e4 ,conc5trat$ nitric acid4 #f4 ,dilute nitric acid1 #a acid to #bj wat]4 #g4 ,acetic acid4 #h4 ,cau/ic soda solution1 #e grams 9 #ajj c4c4 wat]4 #i4 ,ammonia 7/rong74 #aj4 ,dilute ammonia1 #a /rong ammonia to #aj wat]4 #aa4 ,c>bonate ( soda solution1 #f grams 9 #ajj c4c4 wat]4 #ab4 ,blea*+ p[d] solution1 #b ,tw4 #ac4 ,bisulphite ( soda1 #gb ,tw4 #ad4 ,/ann\s *loride1 #aj grams cry/als 9 #ajj c4c4 wat]1 ) a little hydro*loric acid4 #ae4 ,me?ylat$ _s4 ,small swat*es ( ! dy$ goods are put 9 clean porcela9 bas9s1 & "s ( ^! solutions p\r$ ov] !m4 ,any *ange ( col\r ( ! clo? is not$1 z well z :e!r any col\r is imp>t$ to ! solutions4 ,aft] mak+ obs]vations ( ! effects 9 ! cold ! liquids may be w>m$ & ! results aga9 not$4 ,aft] be+ treat$ ) ! acids ! swat*es %\ld be well wa%$ ) wat]1 :5 ! orig9al col\r may be :olly or p>tially re/or$4 ,to give tables %[+ ! effects ( ^! reag5ts on ! num]\s dyes n[ kn[n w\ld take up too mu* room & n s]ve a v useful purpose1 z su* tables1 if too mu* reli$ on1 leave ! op]ator some:at unc]ta9 z to :at he has be=e him4 ,! read] w f9d 9 ,hur/'s ,diction>y ( ,coal-t> ,col\rs "s useful notes z to ! action ( acids & alkalies on ! v>i\s col\rs t may be ( s]vice to him4 ,aliz>9e & ! s]ies ( dye-/uffs to :i* x has giv5 its "n1 fu/ic1 co*9eal1 logwood & o!r dyes ( a simil> class require ! fabric to be mordant$1 & ! pres5ce ( su* mordant is occasionally an indirect pro( ( ! pres5ce ( ^! dyes4 ,to detect ^! mordants1 a piece ( ! swat* %\ld be burnt 9 a porcela9 or plat9um crucible ov] a ,buns5 burn]1 c>e be+ tak5 t all c>bonace\s matt] be burnt (f4 ,a :ite a% w indicate ! pres5ce ( alum9a mordants1 r$ a% t ( iron mordants1 & a gre5i% a% *rome mordants4 ,to confirm ^! ! foll[+ *emical te/s may be appli$3 ,boil ! a% left 9 ! crucible ) a little /rong hydro*loric acid & dilute ) wat]4 ,pass a curr5t ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas ?r\gh ! solution2 if !re be any t9 pres5t a br[n precipitate ( t9 sulphide w be obta9$4 ,?is c be filt]$ (f4 ,! filtrate is boil$ = a %ort "t ) nitric acid1 & ammonia is add$ to ! solution :5 alum9a is ?r[n d[n z a :ite gelat9\s precipitate2 iron is ?r[n d[n z a br[n r$ bulky precipitate2 :ile *rome is ?r[n d[n z a greyi%-look+ gelat9\s precipitate4 ,! precipitate obta9$ ) ! ammonia is filt]$ (f1 & a drop ( ammonium sulphide add$1 :5 any z9c pres5t w be ?r[n d[n z :ite precipitate ( z9c sulphide3 to ! filtrate f ?is ammonium oxalate may be add$1 :5 if lime is pres5t a :ite precipitate ( calcium oxalate is obta9$4 ,a te/ = iron is to dissolve "s ( ! a% 9 a little hydro*loric acid1 & add a few drops ( potassium f]rocyanide solution1 :5 if any iron be pres5t a blue precipitate w be obta9$4 ,to make m c]ta9 ( ! pres5ce ( *rome1 heat a little ( ! a% ( ! clo? ) cau/ic soda & *lorate ( soda 9 a porcela9 crucible until well fus$1 !n dissolve 9 wat]1 acidify ) acetic acid & add lead acetate2 a yell[ precipitate indicates ! pres5ce ( *rome4 ,a book on qualitative *emical analysis %\ld be ref]r$ to = fur!r details & te/s = metallic mordants4 ,! fa/ness ( col\rs to light1 air1 rubb+1 wa%+1 soap+1 acids & alkalies is a feature ( "s consid]able importance4 ,!re are inde$ few col\rs t w resi/ all ^! influ5ces1 & su* are fully entitl$ to be call$ fa/4 ,! decree ( fa/ness v>ies v consid]ably4 ,"s col\rs w resi/ acids & alkalies well1 b are n fa/ to light & air2 "s w resi/ wa%+ & soap+1 b are n fa/ to acids2 ,"s may be fa/ to light1 b are n s to wa%+4 ,! foll[+ notes w %[ h[ to te/ ^! features3-- ,fa/ness to ,light & ,air4--,?is is simply te/$ by hang+ a piece ( ! dy$ clo? 9 ! air1 keep+ a piece 9 a draw] to ref] to1 s t ! influ5ce on ! orig9al col\r c be not$ f "t to "t4 ,if ! piece is left out 9 ! op5 "o gets n only ! effect ( light b also t ( climate on ! col\r1 & !re is no d\bt w9d1 ra91 hail & sn[ h "s influ5ce on ! fad+ ( ! col\r4 ,if ! piece is expos$ "u glass1 ! climatic influ5ces d n come into play1 & "o gets ! effect ( light alone4 ,9 mak+ te/s ( fa/ness1 ! dy] w & does pay due reg>d to ! "* ( ! influ5ces t ! mat]ial w be subject$ to 9 actual use1 & ^! v>y v consid]ably2 ?us ! col\r ( und]clo?+ ne$ n be fa/ to light1 = x is r>ely subject$ to t ag5t ( de/ruction4 ,on ! o!r h& x mu/ be fa/ to wa%+1 = t is an op]ation to :i* und]clo?+ is subject$ week by week4 ,w9d[ curta9s are mu* expos$ to light & air1 &1 !re=e1 col\rs 9 :i* !y are dy$ %\ld be fa/ to light & air4 ,on ! o!r h& ^! curta9s are r>ely wa%$1 & s ! col\r ne$ n be q fa/ to wa%+4 ,& s ) o!r k9ds ( fabrics1 !re are sc>cely two k9ds :i* are subject$ to ! same influ5ces1 & require ! col\rs to h ! same degree ( fa/ness4 ,! fa/ness to rubb+ is g5]ally te/$ by rubb+ ! dy$ clo? on a piece ( :ite pap]4 ,fa/ness to ,wa%+4--,?is is g5]ally te/$ by boil+ a swat* ( ! clo? 9 a solution ( soap conta9+ #d grams ( a good neutral curd soap p] litre = t5 m9utes & not+ ! effect--:e!r ! soap solution becomes col\r$ & to :at degree1 or :e!r x rema9s col\rless1 & also :e!r ! col\r ( ! swat* has *ang$ at all4 ,"o v important po9t 9 connection ) ! soap+ te/ is :e!r a col\r w run into a :ite fabric t may be soap$ along ) x4 ,?is is te/$ by twi/+ /r&s ( ! dy$ y>n or clo? ) :ite y>n or clo? & boil+ !m 9 ! soap liquor = t5 m9utes & !n not+ ! effect1 p>ticul>ly obs]v+ :e!r ! :ite pieces h tak5 up any col\r4 ,fa/ness to acids & fa/ness to alkalies is obs]v$ :ile c>ry+ out ! v>i\s acid & alkali te/s giv5 above4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,exp]im5tal ,,dye+ ,,& ,,comp>ative ,,dye ,,te/+4 ,e dy] ought to be able to make exp]im5ts 9 ! mordant+ & dye+ ( textile fibres = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ ! be/ me?ods ( apply+ mordants or dye-/uffs1 ! be/ me?ods ( obta9+ any desir$ %ade1 & = ! purpose ( mak+ comp>ative te/s ( dyes or mordant+ mat]ials ) ! object ( det]m9+ _! /r5g? & value4 ,?is is n by any means difficult1 nor does x involve ! use ( any exp5sive app>atus1 s t a dy] ne$ n hesitate to set up a small dye+ laboratory = fe> ( ! exp5se :i* x might entail4 ,9 ord] to c>ry out ! "w indicat$ above !re w be requir$ sev]al pieces ( app>atus4 ,fir/1 a small *emical balance1 "o t w c>ry #ajj grams 9 ea* pan is q l>ge en\gh2 & su* a "o1 q accurate en\gh = ?is "w1 c be b\ght = #bes4 to #cjs41 :ile if ! dy] be too poor ev5 = ?is1 a *eap pair ( apo!c>ies' scales might be us$4 ,x is advisable to procure a set ( gram weights1 & to get accu/om$ to !m1 :i* is n a v difficult task4 ,9 us+ ! balance always put ! sub/ance to be weigh$ on ! left-h& pan1 & ! weights on ! "r-h& pan4 ,nev] put *emicals ( any k9d direct on ! pan1 b weigh !m 9 a wat* glass1 small porcela9 bas91 or glass beak]1 :i* has fir/ be5 weigh$1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! mat]ial :i* is be+ weigh$4 ,! sets ( weights are always fitt$ into a block or box1 & e "t !y are us$ !y %\ld be put back into _! prop] place4 ,! exp]im5t] w f9d x conv5i5t to provide himself ) a few small porcela9 bas9s1 glass beak]s1 cubic c5timetre measures1 two or ?ree #bjj c4c4 flasks ) a m>k on ! neck1 a few pipettes ( v>i\s sizes1 #aj c4c41 #bj c4c41 #be c4c4 ,! mo/ important feature is ! dye+ app>atus4 ,:]e only a s+le dye te/ is to be made1 a small copp] or enamell$ iron saucepan1 su* z c be b\ght at any ironmong]'s1 may be us$2 ?is may conv5i5tly be heat$ by a gas boil+ burn]1 su* z c also be b\ght at an ironmong]'s or plumb]'s = #bs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--;,exp]im5tal ,dye-ba?4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 advisable to h means :]eby sev]al dye+ exp]im5ts c be made at "o "t & "u precisely ! same conditions1 & ?is _c be done by us+ ! simple means not$ above4 ,to be able to make p]fectly comp>ative dye+ exp]im5ts x is be/ to use porcela9 dye-pots--^! may be b\ght f mo/ deal]s 9 *emical app>atus--& to heat !m 9 a wat]-ba? arrangem5t4 ,! simple/ arrangem5t is sket*$ 9 ,fig4 #dd2 x consi/s ( a copp] ba? measur+ #ae in*es long by #aj-a_/b in*es broad & #f-a_/b in*es deep--?is is cov]$ by a lid 9 :i* are six ap]tures to take ! porcela9 dye-ba?s4 ,! ba? is heat$ by two r\nd gas boil+ burn]s ( ! type already ref]r$ to4 ,! copp] ba? is fill$ ) wat]1 :i*1 on be+ heat$ to ! boil by ! gas burn]s1 heats up ! dye liquids 9 ! dye-pots4 ,! temp]ature 9 ! dye-pots "u su* conditions c nev] rea* ! boil+ po9t2 :]e x is desirable1 z 9 "s cases ( wool mordant+ & dye+1 t x %\ld boil1 !re %\ld be add$ to ! wat] 9 ! copp] ba? a quantity ( calcium *loride1 :i* =ms a solution t has a mu* high] boil+ po9t ?an t ( wat]1 & s ! dye liquors 9 ! dye-pots may be heat$ up to ! boil4 ,an objection might be rais$ t ) su* an app>atus ! temp]ature 9 e "p ( ! ba? may n be uni=m1 & s ! temp]ature ( ! dye-liquors 9 ! pots may v>y also1 & diff]5ces ( temp]ature (t5 h a consid]able influ5ce on ! %ade ( ! col\r :i* is be+ dy$4 ,?is is a m9or objection1 :i* is m academic 9 its orig9 ?an ( practical importance4 ,to obviate ?is ,mr4 ,william ,m>%all ( ! ,ro*dale ,te*nical ,s*ool has devis$ a circul> =m ( dye-ba?1 9 :i* ! temp]ature 9 e "p c be kept q uni=m4 ,! dye+ laboratories ( te*nical s*ools & colleges are g5]ally provid$ ) a m elaborate set ( dye+ appliances4 ,^!1 9 ! late/ con/ruct$1 consi/ ( a copp] ba? support$ on a holl[ pair ( trunnions1 t ! ba? c be turn$ ov] if ne$$4 ,into ! ba? are firmly fix$ ?ree e>!nw>e or porcela9 dye-pots2 /eam = heat+ c be s5t ?r\gh ! trunnions4 ,aft] ! dye+ te/s h be5 made ! app>atus c be turn$ ov]1 & ! cont5ts ( ! dye-pots empti$ into a s9k :i* is provid$ = ! purpose4 ,_m o!r pieces ( app>atus h be5 devis$ & made = ! purpose ( c>ry+ on dye+ exp]im5ts on ! small scale1 b x w n be ne$ful to describe ^! 9 detail4 ,aft] all no m effici5t app>atus c be desir$ ?an t describ$ above4 ,dye+ exp]im5ts c be made ) ei!r y>ns or pieces ( clo?--swat*es1 z !y are commonly call$--a v conv5i5t size is a small ske9 ( y>n or a piece ( clo? hav+ a weight ( #e grams4 ,^! te/ ske9s or pieces ought to be well wa%$ 9 hot wat] be=e use1 s t !y are clean & free f any size or grease4 ,a little soda or soap w facilitate ! cleans+ process4 ,9 c>ry+ out a dye+ te/ ! dye-pot %\ld be fill$ ) ! wat] requir$1 us+ z little z c be consi/5t ) ! dye swat* be+ h&l$ com=tably !re91 !n !re is add$ ! requir$ mordants1 *emicals1 dyes1 etc41 accord+ to ! "* ( ! "w :i* is be+ done4 ,( su* *emicals z soda1 cau/ic soda1 sodium sulphate 7,glaub]'s salt71 t>t>1 bi*romate ( pota%1 x w be f\nd conv5i5t to prep>e /ock solutions ( kn[n /r5g?1 say #ej grams p] litre1 & !n by means ( a pipette any requir$ quantity c be conv5i5tly add$4 ,! same plan might be foll[$ 9 ! case ( dyes :i* are con/antly 9 use1 9 ?is case1 #e grams p] litre w be f\nd /rong en\gh4 ,suppos+ x is desir$ to make a te/ ( a sample ( direct r$1 us+ ! foll[+ proportions3 #b p] c5t4 dye-/uff1 #c p] c5t4 soda1 #ae p] c5t4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & ! weight ( ! swat* :i* is be+ us$ is #e grams4 ,! foll[+ calculations are to be made to give ! quantities ( ! +r$i5ts requir$4 ,= ! dye-/uff3-- #e 7weight ( swat*7 multipli$ by #b 7p] c5t4 ( dye7 & divid$ by #ajj equals-- #e x #b ------- #j4a gram dye #ajj ,= ! soda we h simil>ly3-- #e x #c ------- #j4ae gram soda4 #ajj ,= ! ,glaub]'s salt3-- #e x #ae -------- #j4ge gram ,glaub]'s salt4 #ajj ,^! quantities may be weigh$ out & add$ to ! dye-ba?1 or if solutions are kept1 a calculation c be made z to ! numb] ( cubic c5timetres :i* conta9 ! above quantities1 & ^! measur$ out & add$ to ! dye-ba?4 ,:5 all is ready1 ! ba? is heat$ up1 ! swat* ent]$1 & ! "w ( ! te/ ent]$ ^u4 ,/ud5ts are recomm5d$ to make exp]im5ts on su* po9ts z3-- ,! %ades obta9$ by us+ v>i\s proportions ( dye-/uffs4 ,! influ5ce ( v>i\s assi/ants--common salt1 soda1 ,glaub]'s salt1 borax1 phosphate ( soda--9 ! ba?4 ,! influ5ce ( v>y+ proportions ( mordants on ! %ade ( dye+4 ,! value ( v>i\s assi/ants1 t>t>1 oxalic acid1 lactic acid1 sulphuric acid1 on ! fixation ( mordants4 ,! relative value ( diff]5t tann9 matt]s1 etc4 ,ea* dy] %\ld make himself a patt]n-book into :i* he %\ld ent] 8 te/s1 ) full p>ticul>s z to h[ !y h be5 produc$ at ! side4 ,x is important t a dy] %\ld be able to make comp>ative dye te/s to asc]ta9 ! relative /r5g? ( any two1 or m samples ( dyes :i* may be s5t to him4 ,?is is n difficult1 b requires consid]able c>e 9 c>ry+ out ! v>i\s op]ations involv$4 ,( ea* ( ! samples ( dyes #j4e gram %\ld be weigh$ out & dissolv$ 9 #ajj c4c4 ( wat]1 c>e be+ tak5 t e portion ( ! dye is dissolv$ be=e any ( ! solution is us$ 9 mak+ up ! dye-vats4 ,c>e %\ld also be tak5 t ! ske9s ( y>n or swat*es ( clo? are exactly equal 9 weight2 t ! same volume ( wat] is plac$ 9 ea* ( ! dye-pots2 t ! same am\nt ( sulphate ( soda or o!r dye assi/ants are add$2 t ! quantities ( dye-/uff & solutions us$ are equal2 9 fact1 t 9 all respects ! conditions ( dye+ are exactly ! same1 su*1 9 fact1 be+ ! vital conditions 9 mak+ comp>ative dye te/s ( ! actual dye+ /r5g? ( sev]al samples ( dyes4 ,aft] ! swat*es h be5 dy$ !y are r9s$ & !n dri$1 :5 ! dep? ( %ade dy$ on !m may be comp>$ "o ) ano!r4 ,to prev5t any mi/akes1 x is well to m>k ! swat*es ) "o1 two1 ?ree or m cuts z may be requir$4 ,x is easi] to asc]ta9 if two dyes are diff]5t 9 /r5g? ( col\r ?an to asc]ta9 ! relative diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,!re are two plans available = ?is purpose--"o is a dye+ te/1 ! o!r is a colorimetric te/ made ) ! solutions ( ! dyes4 ,dye+ ,te/4--,?is me?od ( asc]ta9+ ! relative value ( two dyes z reg>ds /r5g? ( col\r is c>ri$ out z foll[s3 ,a prelim9>y te/ w %[ :i* is /rong] ?an ! o!r4 ,!n !re is prep>$ a s]ies ( dye-vats--"o conta9s a swat* ) ! deepe/ ( ! two dyes1 :i* is tak5 z ! /&>d2 ! o!rs1 swat*es ) ! o!r dye1 b conta9+ #b1 #e & #aj p] c5t4 m dye-/uff1 & all ^! swat*es are dy$ toge!r1 & aft] dry+ a comp>ison c be made betwe5 !m & ! /&>d swat* & a judgm5t =m$ z to ! relative /r5g? ( ! two dyes4 ,a little exp]i5ce w soon enable ! dy] to =m a correct judgm5t ( ! diff]5ce 9 /r5g? betwe5 two samples ( dye-/uff4 ,colorimetric ,te/4--,?is is bas$ on ! pr9ciple t ! col\r ( a solution ( dye-/uff w be proportionate to its /r5g?4 ,two :ite glass tubes equal 9 diamet] are tak54 ,solutions ( ! dye-/uff1 #j4e gram 9 #ajj c4c4 ( wat]1 are prep>$1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! solution is complete4 ,( "o ( ^! solutions #e c4c4 is tak5 & plac$ 9 "o ( ! glass tubes1 & #e c4c4 ( ! o!r solution is plac$ 9 ! o!r glass tube4 ,( wat] #be c4c4 is n[ add$ to ea* tube1 & !n ! col\r ( ! dilut$ liquids is comp>$ by look+ ?r\gh !m 9 a good light4 ,t sample :i* gives ! deep] solution is ! /rong] 9 col\r+ p[]4 ,by dilut+ ! /rong] solution ) wat] until x is ( ! same dep? ( col\r z ! weak]1 x may be assum$ t ! dep? ( ! columns ( liquid 9 ! two tubes is 9 proportion to ! relative /r5g? ( ! two samples4 ,?us1 if 9 "o tube !re are #cj c4 ( liquid & 9 ! o!r #be c41 !n ! relative /r5g? is z #cj to #be2 & if ! fir/ is tak5 z ! /&>d at #ajj1 a proportion sum gives #cj 3 #be 3 3 #ajj 3 #hc4c1 t is1 ! weak] sample has only #hc4c p] c5t1 ( ! /r5g? ( ! /rong] sample4 ,,index4 ,,compil$ ,,by ,,miss ,,grace ,,gre5wood1 ,b4,a4 7,,lond47 ,a4 ,acetate liquor1 #aij1 #aic4 -- ( alum9a1 #agj4 -- ( *rome1 #ahj4 -- ( lead1 #aei4 ,acetic acid1 #agd1 #ahj1 #ahd1 #bbg1 #bca4 ,acid dyes21 #hc1 #aei4 -- dye-/uffs1 topp+ )1 #bbh4 -- gre51 #hd1 #bba1 #bbi1 #bcd4 -- mag5ta1 #hd4 #bbj4 -- violet1 #bbi4 -- --#f ,b1 #baa1 #bah4 -- yell[1 #bbj4 ,acids1 action (1 on cellulose1 #i4 ,acrid9e orange ,,no1 #bca1 #bcb4 ,aff9ity ( dye-/uff = fibre1 #aji4 ,album5s1 #d4 ,alg>obilla1 #adg1 #adh4 ,aliz>9e1 #ah1 #aej1 #aeg1 #afi1 #ahj1 #bei4 -- blue1 #agc1 #agd4 -- --pa/e1 #agd4 -- dy$ goods1 te/ (1 #beh4 -- dyes1 #hd4 -- oil1 #agj4 -- orange1 #agc4 #agd4 -- p9k1 #agb4 -- purple1 #agb4 -- r$1 #aga1 #bdh4 -- violet1 #agb4 -- yell[ ,n1 #ahj4 ,alkali blue ,b1 #bcc4 -- --#c ,b1 #bcc4 -- --#f ,b1 #bag1 #bcb1 #bcc1 #bch4 -- yell[ ,r1 #bji4 ,alkalies1 action (1 on cotton1 #f4 ,alkal9e blue1 #baa1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf4 -- copp] solution1 #aif4 ,alpha-naph?ol1 #acj1 #acb1 #acc1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,alpha-naph?ylam9e1 #ahb1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #ahh4 -- cl>et1 #aig4 ,alum1 #aei1 #afd1 #afe4 #aff1 #afg4 ,alum9a1 #aeg4 -- acetate1 #agi4 -- mordants1 #bei4 ,amidazol blacks1 #gi1 #aba1 #agi4 -- black ,g1 #abd1 #abf4 -- br[n1 #aba4 -- ca*\1 #abg4 -- cut*1 #abf4 -- drab1 #abg4 -- gre5 ,b1 #abg4 -- -- ,y1 #abg4 -- olive1 #aba4 ,amidoazob5z5e1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,amido-azo bodies1 #ahc4 -- comp\nds1 #ahb4 ,amidoazotoluol1 #aih4 -- g>net1 #aih4 ,amido bases1 diazotisation (1 #ahb4 -- gr\ps1 #acj4 ,amido-diph5ylam9e1 #ahc4 ,amido-ph5ylam9e1 #acc4 ,am9es1 #aha4 ,ammonia1 #agd1 #ahj4 -- soda1 #agc4 ,ammoniacal copp]1 #ba4 ,ammonium *loride1 #ahj1 #bjg4 ,amyloid1 #ab4 ,anil9e1 #ac1 #ahb1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ahh4 -- black1 #gi1 #bje1 #bcd4 -- grey ,b1 #bbi1 #bca1 #ccc4 -- hydro*loride1 #aha4 -- oil1 #bjf1 #bjg4 -- salt1 #bjg4 ,anisid9e1 #ahc4 ,an?rac5e br[n1 #agd4 ,an?rapurpur9e1 #aga4 ,antimony fluoride1 #adg4 ---- oxalate1 #adg4 ,appretur d] ,gewebe1 #beb4 ,ar*il sub/itute ,n1 #bbi4 ,artificial silk1 #ae4 ,atlas r$ ,r1 #ajb4 ,auram9e1 #ah1 #adg1 #aec4 ---- ,g4 #aed4 ---- ,i ,i1 #aea1 #aeb1 #aec1 #bcj1 #bca1 #bcb4 ,aurol9e1 #bji4 ,automatic y>n-dry]1 #bec4 ,az9e gre51 ,t ,o1 #bca4 ,azo-acid dyes1 #baj4 ---- yell[1 #baa4 ,azo blue1 #he1 #baa4 ---- ---- #b ,r1 #bbh4 ---- comp\nds1 #ahb4 ---- dyes1 #ah1 #abi1 #aei1 #aha4 ---- mauve4 #ajj1 #baj4 ---- ---- ,a ,m1 #ii1 #ajf4 ---- orseille ,b ,b1 #bbi4 ---- r$ ,a1 #baa1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbc1 #bbi4 ---- rub9e ,a1 #bbi4 ---- sc>let1 #hd4 ---- violet1 #ajj4 ,azophor orange ,m ,n1 #aie4 ---- r$ ,p ,n1 #aci1 #ada1 #aic1aie4 ,b4 ,b>l[ ki]s1 #cj1 #cb4 ,b>wood1 #ah1 #aef1 #agh4 ,basic dyes1 #hc4 ---- ---- topp+ )1 #ade4 ---- dye-/uffs1 topp+ )1 #bbh4 ,ba/ fibre1 #b4 ,bay] develop]1 #acc4 ,beaumont's cop-dye+ ma*9e1 #fg4 ,beige1 #afg4 ,b5zo azur9e1 #aja1 #ajg1 #aab4 ---- ---- ,g1 #ic1 #aja1 #adf1 #bja4 ---- ---- #c ,g1 #baa4 ---- ---- ,r1 #baj4 ---- black blue1 #afd4 ---- blue1 #bbg4 ---- ---- #c ,b1 #id4 ---- ---- black ,g1 #baj4 ---- ---- ,r ,w1 #aae4 ---- br[n1 #ib4 ---- ---- ,g1 #ajj1 #ajc4 ---- ---- ,n ,b1 #ajj1 #ajc4 ---- ---- ,n ,b ,x1 #aja4 ---- *rome black blue ,b1 #if1 #aah4 ---- ---- br[n ,g1 #aah4 ---- ---- ---- #e ,g1 #aac4 ---- ---- ---- ,r1 #aah4 ---- ---- ---- #b ,r1 #aag4 ---- dyes1 #ah1 #he1 #bjh1 #bbe4 ---- fa/ grey1 #ajb4 ---- ---- sc>let #d ,b ,s1 #ajg4 ---- gre51 ,b ,b1 #ic4 ---- ---- ,g1 #ib1 #ade4 ,b5zo-nitrol black ,b1 #adb4 ---- br[n ,g1 #add4 ---- d>k br[n ,n1 #add4 ---- develop]1 #ada4 ---- dyes1 #aci4 ,b5zo olive1 #ib4 ---- orange ,r1 #hg1 #ib4 ---- purpur9e1 #he1 #aja1 #ajg4 ---- ---- ,b1 #ajj1 #baj4 ---- ---- #d ,b1 #hg1 #hi1 #baj1 #bag4 ---- ---- #f ,b1 #adf4 ---- ---- #aj ,b1 #baj1 #bag4 ,beta-naph?ol1 #acj1 #aca1 #acb1 #ahd1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #aia1 #aif1 #bce4 ,beta-naph?ylam9e1 #ahb1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ---- r$1 #aif4 ,bi*romate ( pota%1 #afd1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #agg1 #agi1 #aha4 ---- ( soda1 #bjf4 ,biebri* orange1 #abh4 ---- sc>let1 #abh4 ,bir*'s sew+ ma*9e1 #be4 ---- wa%+ ma*9e1 #cf4 ,bism>ck br[n1 #adf1 #adg1 #aec1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #bbi1 #bcj1 #bcb4 ---- ---- ,f ,f1 #bca4 ,bisulphate ( soda1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbc4 ,black1 #ajd1 #abj1 #aba1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd1 #acg1 #ach1 #aci1 #adb1 #add1 #aff1 #bad1 #bae1 #bag4 ---- & blue %ot1 #bbb1 #bbc4 ---- & crimson %ot dyes1 #bcg4 ---- & gre5 blue %ot1 #bbb4 ---- & p9k %ot1 #bbc4 ---- & yell[ %ot1 #bbc4 ---- blue1 #aaf4 ---- br[n1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aah1 #acf1 #ach4 ---- dye+ (1 #bcd4 ---- iron liquor1 #afe4 ,blea*+ ( cotton1 #bd4 -- ( f9e fabrics1 #db4 -- ( y>n1 #dc4 ,blue1 #if1 #ig1 #ih1 #aae1 #abe1 #abf1 #acj1 #acf1 #ade1 #adf1 #aee4 -- & gold %ot dyes1 #bcg4 -- & gold yell[ %ot1 #bbb4 -- & orange %ot1 #bbd4 -- black1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach1 #aci1 #aed1 #baf1 #bai4 -- develop] ,a1 #acj4 -- -- ,,an1 #acd4 -- gre51 #aad4 -- grey1 #aje4 ,blue/one1 #afd1 #afe1 #aff1 #agh4 ,blui% cl>et r$1 #ahg4 -- rose1 #aec4 ,borax1 #hf1 #ahj1 #bba4 ,brazil wood1 #hd1 #aef1 #agh1 #agi4 ,bridson's wa%+ ma*9e1 #cf4 ,bright blue1 #ie1 #ig1 #ih1 #ade1 #aea1 #bae1 #bag1 #bcj4 -- crimson1 #bcb4 -- grass gre51 #ic4 -- gre51 #adf1 #aea4 -- grey1 #ajf4 -- navy1 #aae1 #aaf4 -- olive yell[1 #bcb4 -- orange1 #ib4 -- pea gre51 #id4 -- p9k1 #ij4 -- r$1 #hg1 #ade4 -- --lilac1 #ii4 -- rose1 #bcj4 -- sc>let1 #hi1 #acj1 #ahf4 -- sea gre51 #aea4 -- /raw1 #ij4 -- violet1 #bca4 -- walnut1 #adc4 -- yell[1 #ij1 #adc1 #aed1 #bac1 #bad1 #bae1 #bbi4 ,brilliant azur9e ,b1 #adf4 -- --#e ,g1 #ig1 #baa4 -- co*9eal #d ,r1 #bbb4 -- ,congo ,r1 #baj4 -- croce9e1 #bbi4 -- -- #c ,b1 #bcg4 -- gre51 #ade1 #adf1 #adg1 #aea1 #aed1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bcc4 -- mill+ gre5 ,b1 #baa4 -- orange1 #ib4 -- -- ,g1 #ajc1 #bah1 #bcb4 -- orseille ,c1 #bbi4 -- purpur9e1 #hg4 -- -- ,r1 #baj4 -- r$1 #hh4 -- rhodul9e r$ ,b1 #aea4 -- sc>let1 #baa1 #bbi4 -- -- ,g1 #baa -- violet1 #bca4 -- yell[1 #bcj4 ,bronze gre51 #aad1 #bag4 -- grey1 #ajf4 ,br[n1 #aja1 #ajc1 #aag1 #abj1 #abg1 #abh1 #acj1 #add1 #afd1 #agd1 #ahj1 #bah1 #bcb4 -- & blue %ot dyes1 #bbb1 #bch4 -- & violet %ot1 #bbc4 -- drab1 #ajj4 ,br[ni% orange1 #ahf4 ,buff br[n1 #ajb1 #aah1 #abf1 #ace4 -- yell[1 #ia4 ,c4 ,ca*\ de laval1 #ajj1 #aba4 ,camwood1 #aef1 #agh4 ,capri blue1 #bcj4 -- gre51 #bbi4 -- -- #b ,g1 #bca4 ,c>bonate ( soda1 #afh1 #bji1 -- ( soda lye1 #afh4 ,c>bonis+ ( wooll5 goods1 #ab4 ,cate*u1 #ahg4 -- br[n1 #aab4 -- -- ,f ,k1 #aag4 -- -- ,g ,k1 #aag4 ,cau/ic soda1 #ahj4 -- -- liquor1 #ahi4 -- -- lye1 #aif4 ,cellulose1 #e1 #f4 -- di-nitrate1 #ad1 #ae4 -- hexa-nitrate1 #ad4 -- p5ta-nitrate1 #ad4 -- tetra-nitrate1 #ad4 ,c]ule9e1 #ahj4 ,*alk1 #ahj1 #aha4 ,*>donnet's process = mak+ silk1 #ae4 ,*emical reag5ts1 action (1 #beg4 ,*emic+ ( cotton1 #cf4 ,*emi/ry ( cotton fibre1 #a4 ,*e/nut1 #ajj1 #ajd1 #aah1 #adb1 #bai4 ,*icago blue1 #aab1 #bbg4 -- -- ,b1 #aae1 #baj4 -- -- #d ,b1 #aaf1 #baj4 -- -- #f ,b1 #ie1 #ig1 #aad1 #aaf1 #adf1 #baj1 #bag1 #bcb1 #bcc4 -- -- ,r1 #baj4 ,*icago blue ,g1 #baj4 ---- ---- #d ,r1 #ii1 #ajj4 ---- ---- ,r ,w1 #aad1 #aae1 #aai4 ---- dyes1 #he4 ,*loram9e yell[1 #bji4 ,*loride ( copp]1 #ahj4 ---- ( lime1 #cg4 ---- ( soda1 #bjg4 ,*loroph59e orange ,r1 #ia4 ,*ocolate br[n1 #ajb1 #adc1 #aee1 #agb4 ,*romanil black ,r ,f1 #abj4 ---- ---- #d ,r ,f1 #aai4 ---- br[n #b ,g1 #aai4 ,*rome1 #aeg4 ,*rome-logwood black1 #agg4 ,*rome mordants1 #bei4 ,*romic acid1 #ag4 ,*rom9e ,g1 #bji4 ,*romium *loride1 #agc4 ---- fluoride1 #aab4 ---- mordant1 #agc4 ,*rysam9e1 #he1 #ib1 #aja1 #baj4 ---- ,g1 #ia1 #ic1 #aac1 #aad1 #adf4 ---- ,r1 #ib4 ,*rysoid9e1 #adg1 #aea1 #afd1 #bba1 #bcb1 #bcc4 ---- ,r1 #bcb4 ,*rysoph59e1 #ij1 #ajj1 #baj1 #bag1 #bcc4 ---- ,g1 #aad1 #aai1 #bcb4 ,cili>y fibres1 #a4 ,cl>et1 #hi1 #adf4 ---- r$1 #agd4 ,clayton yell[1 #baj4 ,clo?-dye+ ma*9e1 #gf4 ,clo? sc>let1 #afj4 -----wa%+ ma*9e1 illu/ration (1 #bde1 #bdf1 #bdg4 ,co*9eal1 #aef1 #bei4 ,c(fee br[n1 #afe4 ,collodion1 #ae4 ,colorimetric te/ = relative value ( dyes1 #bfh4 ,col\r+ matt]1 #c4 ---- pr9ciple ( dye-/uff1 #aef4 ,col\r lake1 #ah4 ---- lakes1 #aef4 ,columbia black ,b1 #baj1 #bcb4 ---- ---- ,f ,b1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #baj1 #bah4 ---- ---- ,f ,b ,b1 #aje4 ---- ---- ,r1 #bcb1 #bcc4 ---- blue ,g1 #bbd4 ---- gre51 #aja1 #adf4 ,columbia orange ,r1 #ia1 #ajc1 #ajd4 ---- r$ ,s1 #baa4 ---- yell[1 #ia1 #aae1 #bji4 ,comp>ative dye te/+1 #bfb4 ,cond5s$ wat]1 #bbg4 ,congo blue #b ,b1 #ie4 ---- br[n1 #baj4 ---- ---- ,g1 #baj1 #bag1 #bah4 ---- ,cor9?1 #bcb4 ---- ---- ,b1 #ii1 #bji1 #baa4 ---- ---- ,g4 #hi1 #baa1 #bag1 #bbd4 ---- dyes1 #ah1 #he1 #bjh1 #bbe4 ---- orange ,g1 #baj4 ---- ---- ,r1 #ib1 #baj4 ---- ,r1 #baj4 ---- r$1 #he1 #ajg1 #abh4 ---- rub9e1 #hi4 ,cont9u\s dye+ ma*9e1 #gi4 ,cop dye+1 #fd4 ,cop-dye+ ma*9e1 ,beaumont's1 #fg4 ---- ---- ,graemig]1 #fe1 #ff4 ---- ---- ,momm]'s1 #fi4 ---- ---- ,"y ,cripp91 #fh4 ,copp] acetate1 #agg4 ---- logwood black1 #agg4 ---- nitrate1 #agg4 ---- soda solution1 #ahj4 ---- sulphate1 #aab1 #afd1 #aff1 #agg1 #aha4 ,copp]as1 #adg1 #afd1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #agb1 #age1 #agh1 #aha1 #bjj4 ,cornfl[] blue1 #bah1 #bcc4 ,corron's hank-dye+ ma*9e1 #fc4 ,cotton blea*+1 #bc4 ---- br[n ,a1 #bca4 ---- ---- #ia1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajc1 #ajf1 #acb1 #acg1 #ach1 #add1 #bbh4 ---- dye+1 #ah4 ---- fibre1 #b4 ---- ---- illu/ration (1 #e4 ---- ---- impurities (1 #c4 ---- ---- /ructure (1 #d4 ---- ---- /ructure & *emi/ry (1 #a4 ---- fibres1 composition (1 #e4 ---- ---- production ( col\r direct on1 #aha4 ---- sc\r+1 #bc4 ,cotton-silk fabrics1 dye+ (1 #bbe4 ,cotton wax1 #c4 ---- yell[1 #ajj1 #baj4 ,c\pl+ process1 #aci4 ,cream1 #ia4 ,cresyl blue1 #bbi4 -- fa/ violet #b ,,rn1 #bcb4 -- violet1 #bbi4 ,crimson1 #acj1 #ace1 #aea1 #aee1 #bag1 #bai1 #bcj4 -- r$1 #hh1 #acj4 ,croce9e ,,az1 #bbc4 -- orange1 #abh1 #baa4 -- sc>let1 #abh1 #afj4 ,cross-dye black1 #gi1 #ajg1 #aba4 -- -- ,b1 #abc4 -- -- #b;,b1 #abj4 -- drab1 #ic1 #aba1 #abf4 ,cross dye+1 #bbj4 ,curcume9e1 extra1 #baa1 #bah1 #bbd4 ,curcum9e1 #bji1 #bag4 -- ,s1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #bbc4 ,curcuph59e1 #ij4 ,cut*1 #adg1 #aef1 #afd1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #agh1 #aha1 #ahf4 ,cuticle fibres1 #a4 ,cyanole extra1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bcc1 #bcg4 ,d4 ,damages 9 blea*$ goods1 #ej4 ,d>k blue1 #ie1 #if1 #ig1 #ih1 #aae1 #aaf1 #acf1 #aci1 #adb1 #aec1 #aed1 #aee1 #bae1 #baf1 #bag1 #bah1 #bai4 -- -- & gre5 %ot dyes1 #bcg4 -- -- & olive %ot dyes1 #bch4 -- bronze1 #aae4 -- br[n1 #ahj1 #bad1 #baf1 #bag1 #bah1 #bai1 #bcj1 #bca4 -- -- & blue %ot1 #bbb4 -- -- olive1 #afe1 #aff4 -- *e/nut1 #ajd4 -- -- br[n1 #aja1 #ajc1 #aag1 #aai4 -- cream1 #bca4 -- crimson1 #acf1 #bca4 -- drab1 #ajb1 #abf1 #bcc4 -- gre51 #ic1 #id1 #aac1 #aae1 #abg1 #adb1 #add1 #adf1 #aea1 #aec1 #bad1 #bag1 #bai1 #bcj4 -- grey1 #aai1 #abj1 #aed1 #bae1 #bah1 #bcb4 -- lilac1 #adf4 -- m>oon1 #hi1 #ace4 -- navy1 #ie1 #ig1 #ih1 #aae1 #abf1 #acg4 -- olive1 #ib1 #abg1 #afd4 -- -- br[n1 #aah4 -- orange1 #ia4 -- plum1 #hg1 #ii1 #aaf1 #ach1 #aff4 -- r$1 #hh1 #aac4 -- ,russian gre51 #bcb4 -- sage1 #abg1 #baf4 -- sc>let1 #aec1 #aee4 -- sea gre51 #id1 #bad1 #bcb4 -- slate1 #ajf1 #bad4 -- /one1 #bad4 -- turquoise blue1 #aaf4 -- violet1 #aef4 -- walnut1 #baf4 -- -- br[n1 #ajc4 -- yell[1 #ij4 ,dead cotton fibres1 #d4 ,deep black1 #ajd4 -- blue1 #ig1 #abf4 -- br[n1 #ajd1 #aah1 #bca4 -- *e/nut br[n1 #ajb1 #acf4 -- crimson1 #hi1 #bcb4 -- gre51 #id4 -- leaf gre51 #bcc4 -- olive br[n1 #ahj4 -- orange1 #ib1 #ace1 #bad1 #bcj4 -- -- yell[1 #bcj4 -- p9k1 #hh4 -- rose1 #bcj1 #bcc4 ,delahunty's dye+ ma*9e1 #eg1 #eh4 ,delta purpur9e1 #ajg4 -- -- #e ,b1 #baj4 ,develop+1 #aca4 --ma*9e = p>anitroanil9e r$1 #aid4 ,diam9e azo blue1 #b ,b1 #bcc4 -- -- -- ,r1 #ade4 -- -- -- #b ,r1 #bcg1 #bch4 -- -- -- ,,rr1 #acf1 #acg4 -- black ,b1 #bbg1 #bcb4 -- -- ,b ,h4 #ajd1 #ajf1 #aah1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach1 #baj1 #bae1 #baf1 #bcg4 -- -- ,b ,o1 #ib1 #ajj1 #aci1 #baj4 -- -- ,h ,w1 #ib1 #ic1 #id1 #ie1 #ig1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #acj1 #acb1 #bji1 #bad1 #bae1 #bbh1 #bcj1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- -- ,r ,o1 #hg1 #ib1 #ic1 #ie1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajd1 #ajf1 #ach1 #aci1 #adf1 #baj1 #bbh4 -- blue1 #aab4 #acb4 -- -- #b ,b1 #baj4 -- -- #c ,b1 #ib1 #ih1 #baj1 #bbg4 -- -- ,b ,b1 #bbg4 -- -- ,b ,g1 #if1 #baj1 #bbh4 -- -- ,b ,x1 #ajb1 #bji1 #baj1 #bbh4 -- -- ,c ,b1 #bbh4 -- -- ,g1 #bji4 ,diam9e blue #c ,r1 #ie1 #ajj1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aai1 #baj1 #bbh4 -- -- ,r ,w1 #ie1 #ih1 #aac1 #aad1 #aag1 #abj1 #bji1 #baj1 #bbh1 #bcj4 -- -- black ,e1 #ig1 #baj1 #bbh4 -- -- -- ,r1 #ajb4 -- ,bordeaux1 #hg4 -- -- ,b1 #hi1 #baj1 #bae1 #baf1 #bbh4 -- -- ,s1 #baj1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- brilliant blue ,g1 #if1 #ii1 #aae1 #ade1 #baj1 #bae1 #baf1 #bbc1 #bbg4 -- bronze ,g1 #ia1 #ic1 #ajj1 #ajf1 #aad1 #aae1 #aah1 #aci1 #add1 #baj1 #bad1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bcc4 -- br[n1 #aab1 #acb4 -- -- ,b1 #bji1 #bbh4 -- -- ,g1 #ajd1 #aai1 #bji1 #baj4 -- -- #c ,g1 #bji1 #bbh1 #bcj4 -- -- ,m1 #ij1 #ie1 #ajb1 #ajd1 #aah1 #aai1 #ach1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bcb4 -- -- ,n1 #bji1 #bag1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- -- ,s1 #baj4 -- -- ,v1 #ib1 #ih1 #ach1 #adc1 #add1 #baj1 #bbh1 #bcc4 -- -- ,y1 #ib4 -- cate*9e ,b1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aad1 #aag1 #baj1 #baf4 -- -- ,g1 #hi1 #id1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aac1 #aag1 #bji1 #baj4 -- col\rs1 #bbg4 -- cut*1 #acj1 #acb1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach4 -- d>k blue ,b1 #aad1 #aaf1 #aah1 #abj1 #bji1 #baj1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- -- gre5 ,n1 #ic4 -- deep black ,cr1 #if4 -- -- -- ,,rb1 #ajd4 -- dyes1 #ah1 #he1 #bjh1 #bbe4 -- fa/ r$1 ,f1 #hg1 #hi1 #ij1 #aac1 #aah1 #bji1 #bbh1 #bcj4 -- -- yell[ ,a1 #ij1 #ib1 #aad1 #aae1 #aaf1 #acf1 #acg1 #adc1 #add1 #baj1 #bac1 #bbc1 #bbg1 #bcb1 #bcc1 #bce1 #bcg1 #bch4 -- -- -- ,b1 #hi1 #ia1 #ib1 #id1 #ig1 #ih1 #aac1 #aad1 #aag1 #aah1 #aai1 #abj1 #ach1 #bji1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf1 #bbc1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bcb4 -- gold1 #ajj1 #baj1 #bac1 #bbh1 #bcj1 #bca1 #bcb4 -- gre5 ,b1 #ic1 #ig1 #aae1 #adf1 #bji1 #bad1 #bbh1 #bcj1 #bce4 -- -- ,g1 #id1 #bji1 #baj1 #bbh4 -- grey ,g1 #ajf1 #adc1 #bbh1 #bcb4 -- jet black1 #aci4 -- -- -- ,cr1 #aje1 #aah1 #abj1 #aba4 -- -- -- ,o ,o1 #add4 -- -- -- ,r ,b1 #aje1 #abj4 -- new blue ,r1 #ih1 #aaf1 #abj1 #baj4 -- nitrazol black ,b1 #adc1 #add4 -- -- br[n ,b1 #adc1 #baj4 -- -- -- ,g1 #adc1 #baj4 -- -- dye1 #aci4 -- orange1 #acb4 -- -- ,b1 #hi1 #ib1 #aad1 #aag1 #aah1 #aai1 #abj1 #bji1 #bae1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbh1 #bcj4 -- -- ,d1 #baj4 -- -- ,d ,c1 #bbc1 #bbg1 #bca1 #bcc1 #bcg1 #bch4 -- -- ,f1 #bji4 -- -- ,g1 #ia1 #ajb1 #baj1 #bad1 #bae1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bca4 -- -- ,g ,d1 #ajd4 -- -- ,g ,g1 #bbg1 #bcc4 -- r$1 #ajg4 -- -- ,b1 #baj4 -- -- #d ,b1 #bji4 -- -- #e ,b1 #hh1 #hi1 #ajc1 #bji1 #bae1 #bbh4 -- -- #f ,b1 #bji4 -- -- #aj ,b1 #hh1 #hi1 #adf1 #bji1 #bcj4 -- -- ,n1 #hg4 -- -- ,n ,o1 #baj4 -- rose1 #bbc4 -- -- ,b ,d1 #hh1 #bji1 #bae1 #bbh1 #bcj1 #bcc4 -- -- ,g ,d1 #ii4 -- sc>let1 #ajg4 -- -- ,b1 #ia1 #ajf1 #baj1 #bae1 #bbh4 -- -- #c ,b1 #hh1 #baj1 #bbh4 -- -- ,h ,s1 #bcj4 -- -- ,s1 #bbh4 -- sky blue1 #id1 #ig1 #ih1 #ade1 #baj1 #bae1 #bbb1 #bcg1 #bch4 -- -- -- ,f ,f1 #id1 #if1 #ih1 #aad1 #aae1 #baj1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbg1 #bcb4 -- /eel blue ,l1 #if1 #baj1 #bad1 #bbb1 #bbh4 -- violet ,n1 #hg1 #ii1 #ajj1 #ade1 #adf1 #baj1 #bbc1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bch4 -- yell[1 #ib4 -- yell[ ,n1 #ij1 #ib1 #ic1 #ajj1 #aac1 #bbh1 #bcj4 ,diam9]al blue ,r1 #ie1 #aaf1 #bbg1 #bch4 ,diam9og5e1 #bcd1 #bce4 -- ,b1 #ach1 #bbh1 #bcd1 #bce4 -- blue ,b ,b1 #acf1 #ach4 -- extra1 #adc1 #bbh1 #bcd1 #bce4 ,dianil black ,c ,r1 #ig1 #aai1 #adb4 -- -- ,n1 #aah1 #abj1 #aba4 -- blue ,b1 #id1 #ig1 #ih1 #aaf1 #adb4 -- -- ,g1 #ih1 #aac4 -- -- #b ,k1 #id4 -- -- #d ,r1 #ii1 #aaf4 -- br[n ,b ,d1 #aai1 #adb4 -- -- ,g #j1 #adb4 -- -- #c ,g ,o1 #ajc1 #aah1 #aai1 #adb1 #adc4 -- -- ,r1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aah1 #aai1 #adb4 -- -- ,t1 #ajb4 -- cl>et ,b1 #hi1 #ii1 #ade4 -- -- ,g1 #hi4 -- d>k blue ,r1 #id1 #ie1 #ig1 #aaf1 #adb1 #adc4 -- -- -- #c ,r1 #ig1 #adb4 -- -- br[n1 #ajc4 -- olive1 #ic4 -- orange ,g1 #hi1 #ib4 -- -- #b ,r1 #ib4 -- r$ #d ,b1 #hi1 #ade4 -- sc>let ,g1 #ade4 -- yell[1 #id4 -- -- ,g1 #ia1 #ih4 -- -- #c ,g1 #ia1 #id1 #aac4 -- -- ,r1 #id1 #aac4 -- -- #b ,r1 #ia4 ,dianisid9e blue1 #aig4 ,diazo-b5z5e *loride1 #aha4 ,diazo black4 #acb1 #aci4 -- blue1 #acb4 -- br[n1 #acj1 #aci4 -- comp\nds1 #aha4 -- liquor1 #aij4 ,diazotisation1 #abi4 -- ( amido bases1 #ahb4 ,diazotis$ p>anitroanil9e1 #adj4 ,diction>y ( ,coal-t> ,col\rs1 #bei4 ,d9itroso-resorc9e1 #agi4 ,diph5yl br[n ,b ,n1 #ajc4 ,direct deep black ,e extra1 #ajd4 ,direct dye+1 #he4 -- dyes1 #hc4 -- -- fa/ness (1 #ajf4 -- fa/ br[n ,b1 #add4 -- indigo blue1 #ih4 -- orange ,r1 #baj4 -- r$1 te/ (1 #bfe4 -- triam9e black ,g ,x1 #ajd4 -- yell[ ,g1 #ij1 #ajf1 #baj4 ,divi-divi1 #adg1 #adh1 #bci4 ,drab1 #ic1 #afe1 #baf1 #bah1 #bai1 #bca4 ,dry+ cyl9d]s1 #bee4 -- ( dy$ goods1 #bdi4 ,dull lilac1 #ii4 -- violet1 #ajj4 ,dye-beck1 #gg4 ,dye-h\se wa%+ ma*9e1 #bdd1 #bdf4 ,dye+ app>atus1 #bfc4 -- ( basic dyes1 #adi4 -- ma*9]y1 #ec1 #eg4 -- on metallic mordants1 #aef4 -- te/ = relative value ( dyes1 #bfg4 ,dye-jigg]1 #gb1 #gc4 ,dy]s' blea*1 #bd4 ,dye-tank1 illu/ration (1 #ed4 ,dye-tub1 illu/ration (1 #ed4 ,dye-vat1 section (1 #ef4 ,e4 ,eboli blue ,b1 #bca4 -- gre5 ,t1 #bcj4 ,em]ald t9t1 #aed4 ,eos9e1 #hd1 #bbi4 ,eos9es1 dye+ )1 #aeh1 #aei4 ,erie blue ,b ,x1 #ig4 -- -- #b ,g1 #baj4 ,erika ,b1 #hg4 -- ,b ,n1 #ii1 #ajj1 #baj1 #bbd4 ,ery?ros9e1 #bbi4 -- ,b1 #bch4 ,ery?ros9es1 #afj4 ,exp]im5tal dye-ba?1 #bfc4 -- dye+1 #bfb4 ,f4 ,f>m]'s wa%+ ma*9e1 #cf4 ,fa/ acid gre51 #bbi4 -- -- -- ,b ,n1 #bbb4 -- blue develop] ,a ,d1 #acc4 -- br[n1 #afd4 -- neutral violet ,b1 #aed1 -- yell[ ,s1 #bbc1 #bcg1 #bch4 ,fa/ness ( col\rs1 #bfj4 -- ( col\rs to light & air1 #bfj -- ( col\rs to rubb+1 #bfa4 -- ( col\rs to wa%+1 #bfa4 -- ( direct dyes1 #ajf4 ,fatty acids1 #c4 ,fawn1 #afe4 -- br[n1 #afg4 -- drab1 #ajj1 #baf4 ,fi]y yell[i% r$1 #ahf4 ,fir/ gre5 liquor1 #afh4 ,fixation1 #adi4 -- ) c\pl]s1 #aci4 -- -- develop]s1 #abh4 -- -- metallic salts1 #aab4 ,flavo-purpur9e1 #aga4 ,=myl blue ,b1 #baa4 -- violet1 #hd1 #bbi1 #bcc4 -- -- #f ,b1 #baa4 -- -- #aj ,b1 #baa4 -- -- ,s #d ,b1 #baa1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf1 #bbb1 #bca1 #bcg1 #bch4 ,full blue1 #dc1 #ig4 -- yell[ orange1 #ahf4 ,furnival's ,squ>e beat]1 #cj4 ,fu/ic1 #aef1 #aeg1 #aff1 #agh1 #bei4 -- extract1 #afd1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #age1 #agf1 #aha4 ,g4 ,gallipoli oil1 #afh4 ,galls1 #adg1 #adh4 ,gambi]1 #adg4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #hc1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #bji1 #bad1 #bae1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbe1 #bca1 #bcd1 #bcg4 ,glyc]9e1 #ahj4 ,gold & gre5 %ot dyes1 #bba4 -- br[n1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ach1 #adb1 #adc1 #aec1 #baf1 #bcj4 -- -- & blue %ot1 #bbb4 -- drab1 #bcb4 -- orange1 #bad4 -- yell[1 #ia1 #aac1 #acj1 #adb1 #bcj4 ,good yell[1 #bac4 ,graemig] cop-dye+ ma*9e1 #fe1 #ff4 ,grass gre51 #ic4 ,gre51 #ib1 #ic1 #id1 #aad1 #acj1 #adc1 #ade1 #aea1 #ahj1 #bae4 -- & buff %ot1 #bbc4 -- & cl>et %ot1 #bbb4 -- & p9k %ot dyes1 #bch4 -- & orange %ot1 #bbd4 -- & r$ %ot1 #bbc1 #bbd4 -- blue1 #ih4 -- grey1 #ajf1 #abj4 -- olive1 #ib4 -- yell[1 #ia4 ,gre5+ op]ation1 #afh4 ,grey1 #ajf1 #abj1 #aec1 #bai4 -- & orange %ot1 #bbc4 -- blue1 #if4 -- lilac1 #ii1 #aec4 -- slate1 #aff4 -- s\r op]ation1 #cb4 ,gro!1 #beb4 ,gr\nd fu/ic1 #aff4 ,gu9ea gre5 ,b1 #baa1 #bah1 #bbd4 -- violet ,b1 #bbd4 -- -- #d ,b1 #baa1 #bah4 ,gum tragacan?1 #aib4 ,gun cotton1 #ac4 ,h4 ,half-silk fabrics1 dye+ (1 #bbe4 ,h& dye+1 #ec4 ,hank blea*+1 #de4 ,hank-dye+ ma*9e4 ,corron's1 #fc4 -- -- ,klaud]-,weldon's1 #fa1 #fb4 ,hank-wr++ ma*9es1 #bda4 ,havanna br[n1 #aff4 ,hawk+ ma*9e1 ,holliday's1 #gh4 ,haw?orne's wa%+ ma*9e1 #cf4 ,heliotrope1 #ii1 #bcc4 -- ,b ,b1 #ij1 #adf4 -- #b ,b1 #ii1 #bcc4 ,hessian br[n #b ,m1 #ih4 -- -- #b ,b ,n1 #ajj1 #bca4 -- grey ,s1 #bca4 -- purple ,n1 #bcj4 -- violet1 #baa4 ,h(fman violet1 #aeb4 ,holliday1 #ahb4 ,holliday's hawk+ ma*9e1 #gh4 -- y>n-dye+ ma*9e1 #fj4 ,hur/'s ,silk ,dye+1 #bbe4 ,hydrocellulose1 #ab4 ,hydro*loric acid1 #agg1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #aij4 -- -- action (1 #aa4 ,hydro-extractors1 #bea1 #beb4 ,hydrosulphite indigo vat1 #bjd4 ,i4 ,imm$ial black1 #ajg1 #aba4 -- blacks1 #gi4 -- blue1 #aba4 -- -- ,c1 #abe4 ,imm$ial bronze ,a1 #abh4 -- -- ,b1 #abh4 -- br[n1 #aba4 ,impregnation ) dye-/uff solution1 #aih4 ,indam9e blue ,n1 #aed4 ,indaz9e1 #bbi4 ,indian yell[ ,g1 #baa1 #bac1 #bad1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbb1 #bbi1 #bca4 -- -- ,r1 #baa1 #bac1 #bad1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcb4 ,indigo1 #ah1 #bj1 #aih4 -- blue1 #aeb1 #aed4 -- -- ,n1 #bbi1 #bcc4 -- -- ,s ,g ,n1 #bbi4 -- c>m9e1 #afe4 -- dy$ goods1 te/ (1 #beh4 -- dye+1 #aii4 -- dye-vat = clo?1 #aii4 -- extract1 #hd1 #afg4 -- :ite1 #bjj4 ,indigot91 #aih4 ,indoph5ol1 #bje4 ,indul9e1 #bbi4 ,irisam9e ,g1 #aeb1 #aec4 ,iron1 #aeg4 -- liquor1 #agb1 #age1 #agf1 #ahj4 -- mordants1 #bei4 -- /a9s1 #ej4 -- sulphate1 #aab4 ,j4 ,janus black ,i1 #bai4 -- -- ,,ii1 #bai4 -- blue ,g1 #aee4 -- -- ,r1 #aee1 #bai4 -- br[n ,b1 #aef1 #bai4 -- -- ,r1 #bai1 #bbj4 -- cl>et r$ ,b1 #aef1 #bai4 -- d>k blue ,b1 #bai4 -- dyes1 #aee1 #bah4 -- gre5 ,b1 #aee1 #bai1 #bbj4 -- grey ,b1 #aef4 -- -- ,,bb1 #bai1 #bbj4 -- r$ ,b1 #aee1 #bai4 -- yell[ ,g1 #bai4 -- -- ,r1 #aee1 #aef1 #bai1 #bbj4 ,jet black1 #aba4 ,jigg]1 #gb4 ,jig-w9ce1 #gd1 #ge4 ,k4 ,katig5 black1 #aba4 -- br[n1 #ajg1 #aba4 -- d>k br[n1 #abh4 -- gre51 #aba4 -- olive ,g1 #abg4 ,khaki1 #ahj4 -- %ades1 #bdh4 ,ki]s1 #cj4 ,klaud]-,weldon hank-dye+ ma*9e1 #fa1 #fb4 ,l4 ,lanacyl blue ,b ,b1 #baa4 -- violet ,b1 #baa1 #bag4 ,leaf gre51 #id1 #aac1 #aad1 #bca4 ,lehn]'s process = mak+ silk1 #ae4 ,lemon yell[1 #ia4 ,leuco1 #aih4 ,light blue1 #aae1 #ach4 -- br[n1 #aja1 #ajc1 #aag4 -- *e/nut br[n1 #acg4 -- gre51 #aad1 #adc4 -- grey1 #ajf4 -- indigo blue1 #if4 -- plum1 #ii4 -- sage br[n1 #aah4 -- seal br[n1 #ajb4 -- slate1 #ajf4 ,lilac1 #ih1 #ii4 -- r$1 #hg4 -- rose1 #bcc4 ,lima wood1 #agh1 #agi4 ,lime1 #afi1 #bjb4 -- & copp]as vat = indigo dye+1 #bjj4 -- boil = cotton1 #bh4 -- s\r op]ation1 #cb4 ,logwood1 #ah1 #hd1 #aef1 #aeg1 #afe1 #afg1 #bcd1 #bei4 -- black1 #gi1 #agd4 -- -- dye+ on y>n 9 hanks1 #age4 -- decoction1 #agg4 -- dy$ goods1 te/ (1 #beh4 -- extract1 #afd1 #age1 #agf1 #aha4 -- greys1 #agh4 ,loose wool & cotton1 wa%+ (1 #bdd4 ,lye boil op]ation4 #cd4 ,m4 ,ma*9]y = dye+1 #ec1 #eg4 ,madd]1 #aeg4 -- blea*1 #bd4 ,mag5ta1 #ah1 #adg1 #aec1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bcc4 ,mala*ite gre51 #adf1 #aeb1 #aec1 #bbi1 #bcb4 ,m&>9e ,g1 #baa1 #bag1 #bah1 #bbd4 ,m>ket blea*1 #bd1 #ch1 #ci4 ,m>oon1 #hi1 #ach1 #aec1 #bae1 #bcc4 ,ma!r ,platt's app>atus1 #bjg4 -- -- blea*+ ki]1 #cj1 #ca4 -- -- ma*9e1 #bdf4 -- -- wa%+ ma*9e1 #cf4 -- -- y>n-blea*+ ki]1 #di4 ,m]c]isation ( cotton1 #h4 ,m]c]is$ cotton fibres1 illu/rations (1 #g1 #i4 ,m]c]1 ,john1 #h1 #ba4 ,metallic mordants1 #aef4 ,metanitroanil9e1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh4 -- orange1 #aie4 ,metaph5yl5e blue1 #bbi4 -- -- ,b1 #aed1 #bcc4 ,me?yl5e blue1 #ag4 -- -- ,b ,b1 #aec4 -- -- #b ,b1 #aec4 -- -- ,n1 #bcb4 -- grey ,b ,f1 #aec4 ,me?yl9done ,b1 #bbi1 #bca4 -- ,r1 #bbi4 ,me?yl violet1 #ah1 #bbi4 -- -- ,b1 #adf1 #aea1 #bca4 -- -- #b ,b1 #adf4 -- -- ,r1 #adf4 -- -- #c,r1 #adf4 -- -- #d,r1 #aeb4 ,mikado br[n1 #bbg4 -- -- #b ,b1 #bch4 -- -- #c ,g ,o1 #bcj4 -- -- ,m1 #ajc1 #bcj1 #bcb4 -- dyes1 #ah4 -- gold5 yell[ #h ,g1 #bcj1 #bca4 -- orange1 #bbg4 -- -- ,g1 #ia4 -- -- #d ,r1 #ia1 #ajb4 -- -- ,r ,o1 #bcb4 -- -- #c ,r ,o1 #bca4 -- -- #d ,r ,o1 #bah1 #bbd4 -- -- #e ,r ,o1 #bcj1 #bch4 -- yell[1 #bbg4 -- -- ,g1 #bcj4 ,milk ( lime1 #bh1 #age4 ,mill+ orange1 #bbi4 -- yell[1 #bbi4 ,mimosa1 #bji4 ,mix$ cotton & wool fabrics1 dye+ (1 #bjh4 ,momm]'s cop-dye+ ma*9e1 #fi4 ,mordant dyes1 #hd4 ,mordants1 #aef4 -- detection (1 #bei4 ,moss br[n1 #adc1 #bcb4 ,musl9 blea*+1 #da4 ,myrabolam1 #adg1 #adh1 #bci4 -- extract1 #age1 #agf4 ,n4 ,naph?ol1 #ahd4 -- -azo-b5z5e1 #aha4 -- black1 #abh4 -- -- ,b1 #bbc4 -- -- #c ,b1 #bbb4 -- blue black1 #baa1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbb1 #bcd4 -- -- ,g1 #baa1 #bbb4 -- -- ,r1 #baa4 -- col\rs1 #ahb4 -- ,d1 #aib4 -- ,x1 #aib4 -- yell[ ,s1 #bbi1 #bch1 #bgh4 ,naph?ylam9e1 #ac1 #acb1 #acc1 #ahd4 -- black1 #bce4 -- -- #d ,b1 #baa4 -- -- #f ,b1 #baa1 #bag4 -- -- ,d1 #baa4 -- e!r1 #acj4 ,napht9done ,b ,b1 #aec4 ,navy1 #ig1 #ih1 #aed4 -- blue1 #if1 #bad1 #baf1 #bag4 ,neutral grey1 #acb4 -- -- ,g1 #ii1 #ajf4 -- violet1 #bbi4 ,new blue ,d1 #bbi4 -- me?yl5e blue1 #bcd1 #bce4 -- -- -- ,g ,g1 #bch4 -- -- -- ,m1 #bcb4 -- -- -- ,n1 #abf1 #ade1 #aed1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- -- -- ,n ,x1 #aed4 -- -- -- ,r1 #aec1 #aed1 #bcc4 -- -- -- #c ,r1 #ade1 #aec4 -- -- grey ,b1 #aec4 -- -- -- ,g1 #aed4 -- phosph9e ,g4 #aec1 #aed1 #bbi1 #bcb4 -- ,victoria blue ,b1 #adf1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,nigranil9e1 #bjf4 ,nigros9e1 #bbi4 ,nitrate ( copp]1 #agg4 -- ( iron1 #aff1 #age4 ,nitrazol ,c1 #aci1 #ada1 #aic4 ,nitric acid1 action (1 on cotton1 #ab4 ,nitrite ( soda1 #ahc4 ,nitro-anil9e1 #ahc4 ,nitro-b5z5e1 #ac4 ,nitro-naph?al5e1 #ac4 ,nitro-p>a-toluid9e1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,nitrosam9e1 #aic4 -- r$1 #aie4 ,nitroso-resorc9e1 #ah4 ,nitr\s acid1 #ahd4 ,nut br[n1 #ajc1 #aah1 #aai1 #bah1 #bai4 ,o4 ,oak b>k1 #adg4 ,ob]mai] ma*9e1 #eg1 #ei4 ,oil /a9s1 #ej4 ,old gold1 #ij1 #bcb4 ,olive1 #ib1 #ic1 #abg1 #adc1 #afd4 -- & blue %ot dyes1 #bch4 -- br[n1 #adc1 #aed4 -- gre51 #aad1 #adb1 #add1 #aec4 -- oil1 #agj4 -- yell[1 #ia4 ,orange1 #hd1 #ia1 #aac1 #acj1 #acg1 #aea1 #aec1 #aed1 #aee1 #bae1 #bag4 -- & blue %ot1 #bbd1 #bch4 -- & violet %ot1 #bbc1 #bch4 -- br[n1 #ajb4 -- ,e ,n ,z1 #baa1 #bad1 #bag1 #bbb4 -- extra1 #baa1 #bbc1 #bcb4 -- ,g ,g1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bcc1 #bch4 -- ,t ,a1 #bah4 -- yell[1 #adc1 #ahf4 ,or?oamidoazotoluol1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,or?onitrotoluid9e1 #aif4 ,oxidis+ ag5ts1 action (1 on cotton1 #af4 ,oxycellulose1 #af4 ,oxydiam9e black ,a1 #ig1 #aje1 #bji4 -- -- ,b ,m1 #bji1 #bae1 #baf1 #bag4 -- -- ,d1 #bji1 #bbh1 #bcc1 #bcd4 -- -- ,m1 #bji4 -- -- ,n1 #ia1 #ig4 -- -- ,n ,r1 #aje4 -- -- ,s ,o ,o ,o1 #baj1 #bbh1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- orange ,g1 #ajd1 #bji4 -- -- ,r1 #ib1 #ajd1 #adc1 #add1 #bji4 -- r$ ,s1 #bji4 -- violet ,b1 #ii1 #ajj1 #baj1 #bad1 #bbh1 #bcj1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- -- ,g1 #ii1 #ajj4 -- yell[ ,g ,g1 #id1 #adf1 #bji4 ,oxydianil yell[1 #adc4 ,oxymuriate ( t91 #aff4 ,oxyph59e1 #ia1 #ajb1 #bji4 ,p4 ,padd+ ma*9e1 #hj1 #ha1 #aic1 #bba4 ,pale blue1 #ie1 #ig4 -- br[n1 #ajb1 #aai1 #abb1 #abh1 #afd1 #ahj4 -- *amois1 #aff4 -- *e/nut1 #adc4 -- drab1 #bcc4 -- fawn br[n1 #aai1 #acj4 -- -- r$1 #hi4 -- gold yell[1 #bac4 -- gre51 #id1 #aea4 -- gre5i% grey1 #abj4 -- leaf gre51 #aac4 -- lilac1 #ii4 -- nut br[n1 #ajb4 -- olive br[n1 #ajj4 -- -- gre51 #aac4 -- orange1 #ia1 #ib1 #ace4 -- sage1 #add4 -- -- gre51 #bag4 -- salmon1 #hg4 -- sea gre51 #abg1 #bcb4 -- sky blue1 #ie4 -- walnut br[n1 #ajd4 ,palm oil soap1 #afi4 ,p>am9e blue ,b1 #if4 -- -- black ,s1 #if4 -- br[n ,c1 #aag4 -- -- ,g1 #aja4 -- indigo blue1 #if4 -- navy blue ,r1 #if4 ,p>anitroanil9e1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #aij4 -- br[n1 #aif4 -- r$1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #ahi4 -- -- dy$ cotton1 #aif4 -- -- dye-tub1 #aia4 -- -- on piece goods1 #aib4 -- -- on y>n1 #ahi4 -- -- ) azophor r$ ,p ,n1 #aie4 -- -- ) nitrazol ,c1 #aie4 ,p>atoluid9e1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,p>*m5t pap]1 #aa4 ,p>is violet1 #aeb4 ,pat5t blue1 #hd4 ,pea* wood1 #agh4 ,peacock gre51 #bad1 #baf4 ,pea gre51 #aad1 #bcc4 ,pectic acid1 #c4 ,p]manganate ( pota%1 #ag4 ,p]sian b]ries1 #aef1 #agh1 #agi4 ,ph5etid9e1 #ahc4 ,ph5ol1 #acj1 #acb1 #acc1 #aha4 ,ph5yl5e diam9e1 #acj1 #acb1 #acd1 #bce1 #bcg4 ,phosphate ( soda1 #hf1 #ij1 #ia1 #afh1 #agj1 #ahj1 #bbe4 ,piece-dye+ ma*9es1 #ga4 ,piece goods1 dry+ (1 #bef4 -- -- wa%+ (1 #bdd4 -- -- wr++ (1 #bda4 ,p9k1 #hg1 #hh1 #hi1 #aeb1 #bae4 ,plate s+e+1 #bg4 ,plum1 #ii1 #ade1 #adf1 #bae4 ,pluto black ,b1 #ajh1 #add4 ,ponceau ,b1 #afd4 -- #c ,r ,b1 #baa1 #bag4 ,pota%1 #hf4 ,primrose1 #ia1 #aed4 ,primul9e1 #acj1 #aca1 #acb1 #ace1 #acf1 #ach1 #adb1 #adc1 #add1 #bji4 ,production ( col\r direct on cotton fibres1 #aha4 ,prussiate black1 #bjg4 ,pure blue1 #bch4 -- soluble blue1 #bcg4 ,purple br[n1 #ajj4 ,purpuram9e1 ,d ,h1 #ajg4 ,pyrolignite ( iron1 #agb4 ,pyroxyl9e1 #ac4 ,q4 ,qu]citron1 #aef1 #agh1 #agi4 -- b>k1 #agh4 -- extract1 #afd1 #afe4 ,quicklime1 #bjj4 ,r4 ,ray] ,l9coln ma*9e1 #bf4 ,read ,holliday's squeez+ ma*9e1 #bda4 ,r$1 #acf1 #ahg4 -- br[n1 #ajj1 #ace4 -- *ocolate1 #aai4 -- develop] ,c1 #aib4 -- drab1 #afe4 -- lilac1 #ajj4 -- liquor1 #afe1 #aff1 #afi1 #agj1 #agf1 -- orange1 #ia4 -- plum1 #aag1 #bad4 -- violet1 #ii1 #aaf1 #aeb1 #aee1 #aef4 ,r$di% br[n1 #ajb4 -- puce1 #ahg4 ,res$a1 #ic4 -- gre51 #afg4 ,res9 boil1 #ce4 -- soap liquor1 #ce4 ,resorc9e1 #acj1 #acb1 #acc1 #bce4 -- gre51 #aef4 ,rhodam9e1 #bbi1 #bca4 -- ,b1 #aec1 #bcc4 -- ,g1 #aeb4 -- #f ,g1 #aeb4 -- ,s1 #bcg4 ,rhodul9e violet1 #aea4 ,roccele9e1 #baa4 ,roll] squeez+ ma*9es = y>n1 #bda4 ,rose azur9e ,b1 #hg4 -- ,g1 #hg1 #ij4 -- b5gale1 #bbi4 -- lilac1 #ade1 #aea4 -- p9k1 #hg4 -- r$1 #hh1 #hi4 ,rosoph59e1 #e ,b1 #hh4 ,russia gre51 #ib1 #aac1 #adc1 #aec4 ,s4 ,safran9e1 #ah1 #adf1 #aec1 #bba1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- ,g1 #adf4 -- prima1 #aec4 -- ,s1 #aee4 ,sage1 #bad4 -- br[n1 #ajd1 #aai1 #ace1 #add1 #bah4 -- gre51 #ic1 #ahj1 #bcj4 ,/4 ,d5nis black1 #aba4 ,sal9e salts1 quantity us$1 #ajh4 ,salmon1 #hi4 ,salt1 #afe4 ,sat9 fabrics1 dye+ (1 #bbe4 ,sc>let1 #hh1 #hi1 #ace1 #ade1 #adf1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aee1 #bae1 #bag1 #bcj4 -- ,r1 #bbj4 ,s*aeff]'s acid1 #acd4 ,sc\r+ cotton1 #bc4 ,sea gre51 #id1 #aea4 ,seal br[n1 #adf4 ,se$ hairs1 #a4 ,%ot effects1 #bbj4 -- on sat91 dye+ (1 #bce4 -- ) black cotton w>p1 #bcf4 ,silv] grey1 #ajf4 ,s+e+ ( cotton1 #bg4 -- wa% ( cotton1 #bh4 ,sky blue1 #ie1 #ih1 #aea1 #bae4 ,slate1 #ajf1 #bah1 #bca1 #bcc4 -- blue1 #ig1 #abj1 #aeb1 #baf4 -- gre51 #bah4 ,sliv] dye+1 #eh4 ,slubb+ dye+1 #eh4 ,soap1 #afe4 -- effect on dye-/uffs1 #bbf4 ,soap+ ( dy$ goods1 #bdg4 ,soda1 #hf1 #acb1 #agh4 -- a%1 #cd1 #aff4 -- cry/als1 #afi4 -- lye1 #bjb1 #bce4 -- z9c vat = indigo dye+1 #bjd4 ,sodium acetate1 #aif4 -- bi*romate1 #afd4 -- nitrite solution1 #aif1 #aih4 -- /annate1 prep>+ )1 #aeh4 ,solid blue1 #bbi4 -- gre51 #bbi4 -- ,o1 #agi1 #ahj4 ,solidog5 ,a1 #ade4 ,soluble blue1 #aej1 #afj1 #bbi4 ,sp5c]'s hank-wr++ ma*9e1 #bda4 ,squeez+ roll]s1 #bdj4 ,/a9s 9 blea*$ goods1 #ej4 ,/eam anil9e black1 #bjg4 -- -- blacks1 #bdh4 ,/eam+ & age+ *amb]1 #bej4 -- cottage1 illu/ration (1 #bdi4 -- ( dy$ goods1 #bdh4 ,/e>ic acid1 #c4 ,/it*+ ( cotton1 #be4 ,/one1 #bah4 ,/ructure ( cotton fibre1 #a4 ,sulfanil9e black1 #aba4 -- -- ,g1 #abd4 -- br[n1 #aba4 -- -- #d ,b1 #abg4 ,sulphate ( copp]1 #agg4 -- ( iron1 #afg4 ,sulphonates1 #ahb4 ,sulphon azur9e ,b1 #baj1 #bag1 #bah4 -- ,d1 #ic4 ,sulphur col\rs1 #aba4 ,sulphuric acid1 #aff4 -- action (1 on cotton1 #aj4 ,sulphyl col\rs1 #aba4 ,sumac1 #hc1 #adg1 #adh1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #agb1 #agc1 #agh1 #bci4 -- extract1 #afi1 #age1 #bai1 #bbj4 ,sun yell[1 #ij4 ,t4 ,tannic acid1 #ah1 #bj1 #hc1 #adg1 #agb4 -- mordant1 dye+ on1 #adg4 ,tann91 #agc1 #agd1 #bcf4 -- gr\nd+1 #agc4 -- heliotrope1 #ade1 #aec1 #bbi4 -- orange ,r1 #aed1 #aee1 #bbi4 ,tann+1 #adh4 ,t>t> emetic1 #adg1 #aib1 #bai1 #bbj4 ,t>t>ic acid1 #ahj4 ,temp]ature ( dye-ba?s1 #bbf4 ,t]ra-cotta br[n1 #adc4 -- r$1 #ij1 #adc4 ,te/+ ( ! col\r ( dy$ fabrics1 #beg4 ,?iazole yell[1 #ic1 #id1 #bji4 ,?ioc>m9e ,r1 #hd1 #baa1 #bad4 ,?i(lav9e ,s1 #id1 #ajd1 #ajf1 #bji1 #bac1 #bae1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbh1 #bbi4 -- ,t1 #aec1 #aed1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcb4 ,t9 cry/als1 #adg1 #afi1 #agi4 -- oxide1 fix+1 #aeh4 ,titan blue1 #baj1 #baa4 -- -- #c ,b1 #ic1 #ajb1 #afd4 -- -- ,r1 #ajb4 -- br[n ,o1 #baj4 -- -- ,p1 #afd4 -- -- ,r1 #ajb1 #baj4 -- -- ,y1 #afa1 #baj4 -- col\rs1 #bbg4 -- como ,g1 #ie4 -- -- ,s ,n1 #ih4 -- dyes1 #ah1 #he4 -- gold1 #aja1 #ajb4 -- +ra9 blue1 #ace1 #acf1 #adb4 -- m>9e blue1 #baa4 -- navy ,r1 #ih4 -- orange1 #hh4 -- -- ,n1 #ie4 -- p9k1 #baj4 -- r$1 #ajg4 -- sc>let ,c1 #hh4 -- -- ,d1 #hh4 -- -- ,s1 #bji4 -- yell[1 #baj4 -- -- ,g1 #ade4 -- -- ,g ,g1 #ij4 ,titan yell[ ,y1 #ij1 #ib1 #ic1 #afd4 ,toluid9e1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #ahh4 -- orange1 #aif4 ,toluyl5e br[n1 #aci4 -- diam9e1 #acd4 -- orange1 #aci4 -- --,g1 #ij1 #ia1 #ajj4 -- --,k1 #ajj4 ,topp+1 #adj4 -- ) acid & basic dye-/uffs1 #bbh4 -- ) basic dyes1 #ade4 ,triam9e black1 #acb4 -- -- ,b1 #if1 #acg4 -- -- ,b ,t1 #ih4 ,tropol9e ,o1 #bbi4 -- ,o ,o1 #baa1 #bbi4 ,truck y>n-dy]1 #bed1 #bee4 ,turkey r$1 #hg1 #afg1 #aha4 -- -- blea*1 #ch1 #ci4 -- -- oil1 #hh1 #ij1 #ie1 #if1 #afj1 #agj1 #aga1 #agb1 #agc1 #ahj1 #ahi1 #aib1 #aif4 ,turm]ic1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg4 ,turquoise blue1 #ih1 #aaf1 #aea1 #aee1 #bcb4 -- -- ,g1 #adf1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,u4 ,union black ,b1 #bji1 #bad4 -- -- ,s1 #bji1 #bad1 #bae1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbh1 #bcd4 -- blue ,b ,b1 #bji4 ,v4 ,valonia1 #adg4 ,v]digris1 #agg4 ,victoria blue1 #aej4 -- -- ,b1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,vidal black1 #ajg1 #aba1 #abc4 -- blacks1 #gi4 ,violet1 #ii1 #ajj1 #adf1 #aed1 #bcj4 -- & yell[ %ot dyes1 #bch4 -- blue1 #ig4 ,w4 ,walnut br[n1 #ajb1 #aai1 #ach1 #adb1 #bai1 #bcc4 ,w>p blea*+1 #dc4 ,w>p-dye+ ma*9es1 #fi1 #gj1 #ga4 ,wa%+ aft] dye+1 #bci4 ,wa%+ & soap+ vats1 illu/ration (1 #bdh4 -- ( cotton 9 blea*+1 #cf4 -- op]ations aft] dye+1 #bdb4 ,wat] blue1 #bbi4 -- ( condition1 #f4 -- volume us$ 9 dye+1 #ajg4 ,:ite indigo1 #aih4 -- liquor treatm5t1 #afh4 -- s\r op]ation1 #ch4 ,:izz+1 #de4 ,willesd5 wat]pro( clo?s1 #bb4 ,w9ce dye beck1 #gd4 ,witz1 ,george1 #ag4 ,wool black #f ,b1 #baa1 #bag1 #bah1 #bbc1 #bbd4 -- gre51 #hd4 ,worral's s+e+ ma*9e1 #bg4 ,wr++ ( dy$ goods1 #bci4 ,y4 ,y>n blea*+1 #dc4 -- -wa%+ ma*9e1 illu/ration (1 #bdc4 ,y>ns 9 cop =m1 wa%+ (1 #bdd4 -- 9 hanks1 wa%+ (1 #bdd4 -- 9 hanks1 wr++ (1 #bdj4 ,yell[1 #ij1 #ia1 #aac1 #aea4 -- & violet %ot dyes1 #bcg4 -- olive1 #ia4 ,yell[i% cl>et r$1 #ahg4 ,"y ,cripp9's cop-dye+ ma*9e1 #fh4 ,z4 ,zambesi black1 #acb4 -- -- ,b1 #baj1 #bah4 -- -- ,b ,r1 #ig4 -- -- ,d1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #bah4 -- -- ,f1 #aae1 #aai1 #baj4 -- blue1 #acj1 -- -- ,b ,x1 #acf4 -- -- ,r ,x1 #bag1 #bah4 -- br[n1 #acj4 -- -- ,g1 #baj4 -- -- #b ,g1 #acf1 #baj4 -- dyes1 #he1 #bjh4 ,z9c & lime vat = indigo dye+1 #bja4 -- bisulphite indigo vat1 #bjc4 -- *loride1 #bj4 -- sulphate1 #aab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,ab]de5 ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,limit$4 ,,septemb]1 #aija4 ,?is ,catalogue cancels all =m] editions4 ,! ,publi%]s seek to issue ?or\ghly helpful works4 ,^! books 9 e in/ance w1 !y believe1 be f\nd ( good value4 ,employ]s w d well to place copies ( ^! books 9 ! h&s ( ! bright & promis+ "y m5 9 _! employ1 9 ord] ! bett] to equip !m to become increas+ly useful z employees4 ,a workman :o uses 8 bra9s mu/ be pref]able to "o :o does n ?9k ab\t 8 "w4 ,bra9s require /imulus4 ,^! books provide t /imulus4 ,a ,catalogue ,,( ,special ,te*nical ,works ,,= ,,manufactur]s1 ,,pr(essional ,,m51 ,,/ud5ts1 ,,colleges ,,& ,,te*nical ,,s*ools ,,by ,,exp]t ,,writ]s ,,= ,,! ,,oil1 ,,pa9t1 ,,col\r ,,v>ni%1 ,,soap1 ,,*emical1 ,,textile1 ,,lea!r1 ,,pap]1 ,,colli]y1 ,,pott]y1 ,,glass1 ,,plumb+ ,,& ,,decorat+ ,,trades ,,& ,,sci5tific ,,pr(essions4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,scott1 ,,gre5wood ,,co41 ,,publi%]s ,,( ,,te*nical ,,books1 #ai ,,ludgate ,,hill1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,tel4 ,address3 ,,pr9t]ies1 ,,london4 ,tel4 ,no4 #edjc1 ,bank4 ,n4,b4--,full ,p>ticul>s ( ,cont5ts ( any ( ! foll[+ books s5t po/ free on application4 ,messrs4 ,scott1 ,gre5wood 4 ,co4 are op5 to make (f]s = ! publication ( te*nical works4 99 99 99 99 99 ,books on ,oils1 ,soaps1 ,col\rs1 ,*emicals1 ,glue1 ,v>ni%es1 etc4 ,,! ,,practical ,,comp\nd+ ,,( ,,oils1 ,,tall[ ,,& ,,grease ,,= ,,lubrication1 ,,etc4 ,by ,,an ,,exp]t ,,oil ,,ref9]4 #ajj pp4 #ahih4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,introductory ,rem>ks on ! ,g5]al ,nom5clature ( ,oils1 ,tall[ & ,greases suitable = ,lubrication4--,,ii41 ,hydroc>bon ,oils4--,,iii41 ,animal & ,fi% ,oils4--,,iv41 ,comp\nd ,oils4--,v41 ,vegetable ,oils4--,,vi41 ,lamp ,oils4--,,vii41 ,eng9e ,tall[1 ,solidifi$ ,oils & ,petroleum ,jelly4--,,viii41 ,ma*9]y ,greases3 ,loco & ,anti-friction4--,,ix41 ,cl>ify+ & ,utilisation ( ,wa/e ,fats1 ,oils1 ,tank ,bottoms1 ,dra9+s ( ,b>rels & ,drums1 ,pick+s ,up1 ,dregs1 etc4--,x41 ,! ,fix+ & ,clean+ ( ,oil ,tanks1 etc4--,app5dix & ,g5]al ,in=mation4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is "w is writt5 f ! /&po9t ( ! oil trade1 b its p]usal w be f\nd v useful by us]s ( ma*9]y & all :o h to d ) lubricants 9 any way4--,colli]y ,gu>dian4 ,! prop]ties ( ! diff]5t grades ( m9]al oil & ( ! animal & vegetable non-dry+ oils are c>efully describ$1 & ! au?or ju/ly insi/s t ! peculi>ities ( ! ma*9]y on :i* ! lubricants are to be employ$ mu/ be consid]$ almo/ be=e ev]y?+ else4444 ,! *apt]s on grease & solidifi$ oils1 etc41 are excell5t4--,! ,ironmong]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,soaps4 ,a ,practical ,manual ( ! ,manufacture ( ,dome/ic1 ,toilet & o!r ,soaps4 ,by ,,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,sixty-six ,engrav+s4 #cij pp4 #ahih4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #acs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,introductory4--,,ii41 ,soap-mak]'s ,alkalies4--,,iii41 ,soap ,fats & ,oils4--,,iv41 ,p]fumes4--,v41 ,wat] z a ,soap ,mat]ial4--,,vi41 ,soap ,ma*9]y4--,,vii41 ,te*nology ( ,soap-mak+4--,,viii41 ,glyc]9e 9 ,soap ,lyes4--,,ix41 ,lay+ out a ,soap ,factory4--,x41 ,soap ,analysis4--,app5dices4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,we ?9k x is ! mo/ practical book on ^! subjects t has come to u f ,engl& s f>4--,am]ican ,soap ,j\rnal4 ,mu* useful in=mation is convey$ 9 a conv5i5t & tru/wor?y mann] :i* w appeal to practical soap-mak]s4--,*emical ,trade ,j\rnal4 ,works t deal ) manufactur+ processes1 & appli$ *emi/ry 9 p>ticul>1 are always welcome4 ,especially is ?is ! case :5 ! mat]ial pres5t$ is s up-to-date z we f9d x "h4--,brad=d ,obs]v]4 ,! be/ & mo/ reliable me?ods ( analysis are fully discuss$1 & =m a valuable s\rce ( ref]5ce to any works' *emi/4444 ,our v]dict is a capitally produc$ book1 & "o t is badly ne$$4--,birm+ham ,po/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,animal ,,fats ,,& ,,oils3 ,_! ,practical ,production1 ,purification & ,uses = a great ,v>iety ( ,purposes4 ,_! ,prop]ties1 ,falsification & ,exam9ation4 ,a ,h&book = ,manufactur]s ( ,oil & ,fat ,products1 ,soap & ,c&le ,mak]s1 ,agriculturi/s1 ,tann]s1 ,m>g>9e ,manufactur]s1 etc41 etc4 ,by ,,l\is ,,edg> ,,&,s4 ,sixty-two ,illu/rations4 #bdj pp4 #ahih4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction4 ,occurr5ce1 ,orig91 ,prop]ties & ,*emical ,con/itution ( ,animal ,fats ,prep>ation ( ,animal ,fats & ,oils4 ,ma*9]y4 ,tall[-melt+ ,plant4 ,extraction ,plant4 ,presses4 ,filt]+ ,app>atus4 ,butt]3 ,raw ,mat]ial & ,prep>ation1 ,prop]ties1 ,adult]ations4 ,beef ,l>d or ,remelt$ ,butt]1 ,te/+4 ,c&le-fi% ,oil4 ,mutton-,tall[4 ,h>e ,fat4 ,goose ,fat4 ,neatsfoot ,oil4 ,bone ,fat3 ,bone ,boil+1 ,/eam+ ,bones14 ,extraction1 ,ref9+4 ,bone ,oil4 ,artificial ,butt]3 ,oleom>g>9e1 ,m>g>9e ,manufacture 9 ,france1 ,grasso's ,process1 ,kais]'s ,butt]1 ,jahr ,mnzb]g's ,me?od1 ,filb]t's ,process1 ,w9t]'s ,me?od4 ,human ,fat4 ,horse ,fat4 ,beef ,m>r[4 ,turtle ,oil4 ,hog's ,l>d3 ,raw ,mat]ial1 ,prep>ation1 ,prop]ties1 ,adult]ations1 ,exam9ation4 ,l>d ,oil4 ,fi% ,oils4 ,liv] ,oils4 ,artificial ,tra9 ,oil4 ,wool ,fat3 ,prop]ties1 ,purifi$ ,wool ,fat4 ,sp]maceti3 ,exam9ation ( ,fats & ,oils 9 ,g5]al4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! descriptions ( te*nical processes are cle>1 & ! book is well illu/rat$ & %\ld prove useful4--,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 ,x is a valuable "w1 n only = ! /ud5t1 b also = ! practical manufactur] ( oil & fat products4--,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,*emical ,society4 ,! "w is v fully illu/rat$1 & ! /yle ?r\gh\t is 9 /rong contra/ to t employ$ 9 _m su* treatises1 be+ simple & cle>4--,%oe & ,lea!r ,record4 ,an important h&book = ! 'fat indu/ry1' n[ a l>ge "o4 ,! explanation ( ! mo/ sci5tific processes ( production lose no?+ ( _! cle>ness 9 ! translation4--,newca/le ,*ronicle4 ,! late/ & mo/ improv$ =ms ( ma*9]y are 9 all cases indicat$1 & ! _m advances :i* h be5 made dur+ ! pa/ ye>s 9 ! me?ods ( produc+ ! m common animal fats--l>d1 tall[ & butt]--receive due att5tion4--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vegetable ,,fats ,,& ,,oils3 ,_! ,practical ,prep>ation1 ,purification & ,employm5t = ,v>i\s ,purposes1 _! ,prop]ties1 ,adult]ation & ,exam9ation4 ,a ,h&book = ,oil ,manufactur]s & ,ref9]s1 ,c&le1 ,soap & ,lubricat+ ,oil ,mak]s1 & ! ,oil & ,fat ,indu/ry 9 ,g5]al4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,,l\is ,,edg> ,,&,s4 #id ,illu/rations4 #cbj pp4 #ahig4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,/ati/ical ,data4 ,g5]al ,prop]ties ( ! ,vegetable ,fats & ,oils4 ,e/imation ( ! ,am\nt ( ,oil 9 ,se$s4 ,table ( ,vegetable ,fats & ,oils1 ) ,fr5* & ,g]man ,nom5clature1 ,s\rce & ,orig9 & ,p]c5tage ( ,fat 9 ! ,plants f :i* !y are ,d]iv$4 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,vegetable ,fats & ,oils3 ,/or+ ,oil ,se$s3 ,clean+ ! ,se$4 ,app>atus = ,gr9d+ ,oil ,se$s & ,fruits4 ,in/allation ( ,oil & ,fat ,works4 ,extraction ,me?od ( ,obta9+ ,oils & ,fats4 ,oil ,extraction ,in/allations1 ,press ,m\lds1 ,non-dry+ ,vegetable ,oils4 ,vegetable dry+ ,oils4 ,solid ,vegetable ,fats4 ,fruits ,yield+ ,oils & ,fats4 ,wool-s(t5+ ,oils4 ,soluble ,oils4 ,treatm5t ( ! ,oil aft] ,leav+ ! ,press4 ,improv$ ,me?ods ( ,ref9+ ) ,sulphuric ,acid & ,z9c ,oxide or ,lead ,oxide4 ,ref9+ ) ,cau/ic ,alkalies1 ,ammonia1 ,c>bonates ( ! ,alkalies1 ,lime4 ,blea*+ ,fats & ,oils4 ,practical ,exp]im5ts on ! ,treatm5t ( ,oils ) reg>d to ,ref9+ & ,blea*+4 ,te/+ ,oils & ,fats4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,conc]n+ t & all else )9 ! wide & compreh5sive connection involv$1 ?is book mu/ be invaluable to e "o directly or indirectly int]e/$ 9 ! matt]s x treats (4--,comm]ce4 ,! proprietors ( ! ,oil & ,col\rman's ,j\rnal h n only plac$ a valuable & highly int]e/+ book ( ref]5ce 9 ! h&s ( ! fats & oils indu/ry 9 g5]al1 b h r5d]$ no slight s]vice to exp]im5tal & manufactur+ *emi/s4--,manufactur+ ,*emi/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iron-,,corrosion1 ,,anti-,,f\l+ ,,& ,,anti-,,corrosive ,,pa9ts4 ,by ,,l\is ,,edg> ,,&,s4 #fb ,illu/rations4 #bge pp4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,ironru/ & its ,=mation--,protection f ,ru/+ by ,pa9t--,gr\nd+ ! ,iron ) ,l9se$ ,oil1 etc4--,te/+ ,pa9ts--,use ( ,t> = ,pa9t+ on ,iron--,anti-corrosive ,pa9ts--,l9se$ ,v>ni%--,*9ese ,wood ,oil--,lead ,pigm5ts--,iron ,pigm5ts--,artificial ,iron ,oxides--,c>bon--,prep>ation ( ,anti-corrosive ,pa9ts--,results ( ,exam9ation ( ,sev]al ,anti-corrosive ,pa9ts--,pa9ts = ,%ip's ,bottoms--,anti-f\l+ ,compositions--,v>i\s ,anti-corrosive & ,%ip's ,pa9ts--,(ficial ,/&>d ,specifications = ,ironwork ,pa9ts--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is is a v valuable book1 translat$ f ! ,g]man1 discuss+ 9 detail anti-f\l+ & anti-corrosive pa9ts4--,briti% ,m]cury4 ,w be ( great s]vice to pa9t manufactur]s1 eng9e]+ contractors1 ironf\nd]s1 %ipbuild]s & o!rs4--,eng9e] & ,iron ,trades ,adv]tis]4 ,! book be=e u deals ) ! subject 9 a mann] at once practical & sci5tific1 & is well wor?y ( ! att5tion ( all build]s1 ar*itects & eng9e]s4--,! ,build]4 ,! book is v readable & full ( valuable in=mation1 & be>+ 9 m9d ! importance ( ! subject treat$1 x is "o :i* eng9e]s w be well advis$ to procure at an e>ly date4--,railway ,eng9e]4 ,! au?or goes fully into 8 subject1 & ! translator has be5 successful 9 reproduc+ 9 ano!r language :at he has to say4 ,!re are giv5 9 ! text num]\s illu/rations ( ! ru/+ ( iron1 prep>$ 9 ! c\rse ( a s]ies ( p]sonal exp]im5ts on ! =mation ( ru/4--,j\rnal ( ,gas ,light+4 ,?is "w is a v elaborate & useful record ( ! v>i\s ph5om5a 9 connection ) ! corrosion ( iron & its protection aga9/ corrosion4444 ,! book is an exce$+ly useful record ( :at has be5 done 9 connection ) iron pres]vation1 & w und\bt$ly prove to be ( mu* value to railway eng9e]s1 %ip[n]s1 etc4--,fairplay4 ,h]r ,&s' book1 writt5 purely f a sci5tific /&po9t1 w be p>ticul>ly useful to iron manufactur]s1 %ipbuild]s & %ip[n]s4444 ,! book is beautifully pr9t$ on good pap]1 & its appe>ance does cr$it to ! publi%]s2 ! "w ( translation has be5 rem>kably well done1 ! language be>+ none ( ^? irritat+ traces ( ,teutonism :i* disfigure s _m ,engli% v]sions ( ,g]man te*nical works4--,! ,ironmong]4 ,?is k is convey$ ) *>act]i/ic ,g]man ?or\ghness 9 ?is useful "w ( ,h]r ,&s1 :i* loses no?+ ( cle>ness 9 ,mr4 ,salt]'s excell5t translation4 ,! causes ( ru/ =mation are exam9$1 ! prop] me?ods ( cleans+ ! ironwork detail$1 & ! con/itution & application ( suitable prev5tative cov]+s expla9$4444 ,! book is a welcome contribution to te*nological lit]ature1 & w be f\nd wor?y ( ! c>eful /udy ( all :o are pr(essionally engag$ 9 ! arrangem5t or sup]9t5d5ce ( ! class ( "w dealt )4--,we/]n ,daily ,m]cury4 ,! au?or expla9s ! nature ( ru/ & its =mation1 & ! text is illu/rat$ f ab\t fifty photographs4 ,an imm5se am\nt ( c>efully arrang$ in=mation foll[s z to ! be/ me?ods ( apply+ anti-corrosive sub/ances & ! v>i\s pigm5ts mo/ efficaci\s = use "u all circum/ances4 ,! au?or has evid5tly ?or\ghly inve/igat$ & ma/]$ ! subject ( iron corrosion1 its cause & its prev5tion2 & we reg>d 8 book z ( ! greate/ importance to bridge-build]s & mak]s & us]s ( /ructural iron & /eel4 ,! book is illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t & is admirably index$ & arrang$4--,iron & ,/eel ,trades ,j\rnal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,alum ,,& ,,! ,,sulphates ,,& ,,o!r ,,salts ,,( ,,alum9a ,,& ,,iron4 ,_! ,uses & ,applications z ,mordants 9 ,dye+ & ,calico ,pr9t+1 & _! o!r ,applications 9 ! ,arts1 ,manufactures1 ,sanit>y ,eng9e]+1 ,agriculture & ,horticulture4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,,luci5 ,,ges*w9d4 #aie ,illu/rations4 ,ne>ly #djj pp4 ,royal #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #acs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,!oretical ,/udy ( ,alum9ium1 ,iron1 & ,comp\nds ( ^! ,metals4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,alum9ium & its ,comp\nds4--,,ii41 ,iron & ,iron ,comp\nds4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,manufacture ( ,alum9ium ,sulphates & ,sulphates ( ,iron4--,*apt]s ,,iii41 ,manufacture ( ,alum9ium ,sulphate & ! ,alums4--,,iv41 ,manufacture ( ,sulphates ( ,iron4 ,"p ,,iii41 ,uses ( ! ,sulphates ( ,alum9ium & ,iron4--,*apt]s ,v41 ,uses ( ,alum9ium ,sulphate & ,alums--,application to ,wool & ,silk--,prep>+ & us+ ,alum9ium ,acetates--,employm5t ( ,alum9ium ,sulphate 9 ,c>bonis+ ,wool--,! ,manufacture ( ,lake ,pigm5ts--,manufacture ( ,prussian ,blue--,hide & ,lea!r ,indu/ry--,pap] ,mak+--,h>d5+ ,pla/]--,lime ,wa%es--,prep>ation ( ,non-inflammable ,wood1 etc4--,purification ( ,wa/e ,wat]s4--,,vi41 ,uses & ,applications ( ,f]r\s ,sulphate & ,f]ric ,sulphates4--,dye+--,manufacture ( ,pigm5ts--,writ+ ,inks--,purification ( ,light+ ,gas--,agriculture--,cotton ,dye+--,dis9fectant--,purify+ ,wa/e ,liquors--,manufacture ( ,nordhaus5 ,sulphuric ,acid--,f]tilis+4 ,"p ,,iv41 ,*emical ,*>act]i/ics ( ,iron & ,alum9ium4--,analysis ( ,v>i\s ,alum9\s or ,f]rug9\s ,products4--,*apt] ,,vii41 ,alum9ium4--,analys+ ,alum9ium ,products4--,alunite ,alum9a--,sodium ,alum9ate--,alum9ium ,sulphate4 ,*apt] ,,viii41 ,iron4--,analytical ,*>act]i/ics ( ,iron ,salts--,analysis ( ,pyritic ,lignite--,f]r\s & ,f]ric ,sulphates--,r\il ,mordant--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,manual ,,( ,,agricultural ,,*emi/ry4 ,by ,,h]b]t ,,+le1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,lectur] on ,agricultural ,*emi/ry1 ! ,york%ire ,college2 ,lectur] 9 ! ,victoria ,univ]sity4 ,9 ! press4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,introduction4--,,ii41 ,! ,atmosph]e4--,,iii41 ,! ,soil4--,,iv41 ,! ,reactions occurr+ 9 ,soils4--,v41 ,! ,analysis ( ,soils4--,,vi41 ,manures1 ,natural4--,,vii41 ,manures 7cont9u$74--,,viii41 ,! ,analysis ( ,manures4--,,ix41 ,! ,con/itu5ts ( ,plants4--,x41 ,! ,plant4--,,xi1 ,crops4--,,xii41 ,! ,animal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lubricat+ ,,oils1 ,,fats ,,& ,,greases3 ,_! ,orig91 ,prep>ation1 ,prop]ties1 ,uses & ,analyses4 ,a ,h&book = ,oil ,manufactur]s1 ,ref9]s & ,m]*ants1 & ! ,oil & ,fat ,indu/ry 9 ,g5]al4 ,by ,,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,second ,edition4 ,sixty-five ,illu/rations4 #cac pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,introductory4 ,oils & ,fats1 ,fatty ,oils & ,fats1 ,hydroc>bon ,oils1 ,uses ( ,oils4--,,ii41 ,hydroc>bon ,oils4 ,di/illation1 ,simple ,di/illation1 ,de/ructive ,di/illation1 ,products ( ,di/illation1 ,hydroc>bons1 ,p>aff9s1 ,olef9s1 ,nap!nes4--,,iii41 ,scot* ,%ale ,oils4 ,scot* ,%ales1 ,di/illation ( ,scot* ,oils1 ,%ale ,retorts1 ,products ( ,di/ill+ ,%ales4 ,sep>at+ ,products1 ,treat+ ,crude ,%ale ,oil1 ,ref9+ ,%ale ,oil1 ,%ale ,oil ,/ills1 ,%ale ,naph?a ,burn+ ,oils1 ,lubricat+ ,oils1 ,wax4--,,iv41 ,petroleum4 ,occurr5ce1 ,geology1 ,orig91 ,composition1 ,extraction1 ,ref9+1 ,petroleum ,/ills1 ,petroleum ,products1 ,cyl9d] ,oils1 ,russian ,petroleum1 ,debloom+ ,m9]al ,oils4--,v41 ,vegetable & ,animal ,oils4 ,introduction1 ,*emical ,composition ( ,oils & ,fats1 ,fatty ,acids1 ,glyc]9e1 ,extraction ( ,animal & ,vegetable ,fats & ,oils1 ,animal ,oils1 ,vegetable ,oils1 ,r5d]+1 ,press+1 ,ref9+1 ,blea*+1 ,tall[1 ,tall[ ,oil1 ,l>d ,oil1 ,neatsfoot ,oil1 ,palm ,oil1 ,palm ,nut ,oil1 ,cocoa-nut ,oil1 ,ca/or ,oil1 ,olive ,oil1 ,rape & ,colza ,oils1 ,ara*is ,oil1 ,nig] ,se$ ,oil1 ,sp]m ,oils1 ,:ale ,oil1 ,seal ,oil1 ,br[n ,oils1 ,l>d9e1 ,?ick5$ ,rape ,oil4--,,vi41 ,te/+ & ,adult]ation ( ,oils4 ,specific ,gravity1 ,alkali ,te/s1 ,sulphuric ,acid ,te/s1 ,free ,acids 9 ,oils1 ,viscosity ,te/s1 ,fla% & ,fire ,te/s1 ,evaporation ,te/s1 ,iod9e & ,bromide ,te/s1 ,elaid9 ,te/1 ,melt+ ,po9t ( ,fat1 ,te/+ ,ma*9es4--,,vii41 ,lubricat+ ,greases4 ,ros9 ,oil1 ,an?rac5e ,oil1 ,mak+ ,greases1 ,te/+ & ,analysis ( ,greases4--,,viii41 ,lubrication4 ,friction & ,lubrication1 ,lubricant1 ,lubrication ( ,ord9>y ,ma*9]y1 ,spontane\s ,combu/ion ( ,oils1 ,/a9less ,oils1 ,lubrication ( ,eng9e ,cyl9d]s1 ,cyl9d] ,oils4--,app5dices4 ,a4 ,table ( ,baume's ,hydromet]--,b4 ,table ( ,!rmometric ,degrees--,c4 ,table ( ,specific ,gravities ( ,oils--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! book is well pr9t$1 & is a cr$it alike to au?or1 pr9t] & publi%]4--,textile ,m]cury4 ,x w be a valuable addition to ! te*nical libr>y ( e /eam us]'s e/abli%m5t4 --,ma*9]y ,m>ket4 ,mr4 ,hur/ has 9 ?is "w suppli$ a practical treatise :i* %\ld prove ( especial value to oil deal]s1 & also1 ?\gh 9 a less degree1 to oil us]s4--,textile ,manufactur]4 ,?is is a cle> & concise treatm5t ( ! me?od ( manufactur+ & ref9+ lubricat+ oils4444 ,! book is "o :i* is well wor?y ! att5tion ( read]s :o are us]s ( oil4--,textile ,record]4 ,we h no hesitation 9 say+ t 9 our op9ion ?is book ought to be v useful to all ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 oils1 :e!r z manufactur]s or us]s ( lubricants1 or to ^? *emi/s or eng9e]s ^: duty x may be to report ^u ! suitability ( ! same = any p>ticul> class ( "w4--,eng9e]4 ,! au?or is widely kn[n & highly respect$ z an au?ority on ! *emi/ry ( oils & ! te*nics ( lubrication1 & x is safe to say t no "w ( simil> int]e/ or equal value to ! g5]al oil-sell+ & consum+ public has h]et(ore appe>$ 9 ! ,engli% language4--,drugs1 ,oils & ,pa9ts1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,?is valuable & useful "w1 :i* is bo? sci5tific & practical1 has be5 writt5 ) a view ( supply+ ^? :o deal 9 & use oils1 etc41 = ! purpose ( lubrication1 ) "s in=mation respect+ ! special prop]ties ( ! v>i\s products :i* cause ^! v>i\s oils to be ( value z lubricants4--,indu/ries & ,iron4 ,a m]e glance at ! table ( cont5ts is suffici5t to %[ h[ v>i\s are ! conditions to :i* ^! mat]ials h to be appli$1 h[ mu* k is requir$ = ! selection ( ! "r k9d = ea* p>ticul> purpose1 & h[ by processes ( mixture or manufacture ! requisite qualities are obta9$ 9 ea* case4--,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ammonia ,,& ,,its ,,comp\nds3 ,_! ,manufacture & ,uses4 ,by ,,camille ,,v9c5t1 ,pr(essor at ! ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,manufactures1 ,p>is4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,m4 ,j4 ,,salt]4 ,royal #hvo4 #aac pp4 #aija4 ,?irty-two ,illu/rations4 ,price #es42 ,india & ,colonies1 #es4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #fs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,g5]al ,consid]ations3 ,sections #a4 ,v>i\s ,s\rces ( ,ammoniacal ,products2 #b4 ,human ,ur9e z a ,s\rce ( ,ammonia4 ,,ii41 ,extraction ( ,ammoniacal ,products f ,sewage3 ,sections #a4 ,prelim9>y ,treatm5t ( ,excreta 9 ! ,settl+ ,tanks--,! ,l5cau*ez ,process1 ,! ,bilange ,process1 ,! ,ku5tz ,process2 #b4 ,treatm5t ( ! ,cl>ifi$ ,liquors = ! ,manufacture ( ,ammonium ,sulphate--,! ,figu]a ,process & ,app>atus1 ,app>atus ( ,m>gu]itte & ,s\rdeval1 ,! ,lair ,app>atus1 ,app>atus ( ,s9ti] & ,muhe1 ,app>atus ( ,bilange1 ,! ,ku5tz ,process1 ,process & ,app>atus ( ,h5nebutte & ,de ,vaural2 #c4 ,treatm5t ( ,entire ,sewage--,*evalet's ,app>atus1 ,paul ,mallet's ,app>atus1 ,l5cau*ez's ,app>atus4 ,,iii41 ,extraction ( ,ammonia f ,gas ,liquor3 ,sections #a4 ,cl>ification ( ,gas ,liquor2 #b4 ,manufacture ( ,ammonium ,sulphate--,a4 ,mallet's ,app>atus1 ,a4 ,mallet's ,modifi$ ,app>atus1 ,paul ,mallet's ,app>atus1 ,*evalet's ,app>atus1 ,grneb]g's ,app>atus2 #c4 ,conc5tration ( ,gas ,liquor--,solvay's ,app>atus1 ,ku5tz's ,app>atus1 ,grneb]g's ,app>atus4 ,,iv41 ,manufacture ( ,ammoniacal ,comp\nds f ,bones1 ,nitrog5\s ,wa/e1 ,beetroot ,wa% & ,peat3 ,sections #a4 ,ammonia f ,bones3 #b4 ,ammonia f ,nitrog5\s ,wa/e ,mat]ials2 #c4 ,ammonia f ,beetroot ,wa% 7,v9asse73 #d4 ,ammonia f ,peat--,treatm5t ( ! ,ammoniacal ,liquors4 ,v41 ,manufacture ( ,cau/ic ,ammonia1 & ,ammonium ,*loride1 ,phosphate & ,c>bonate3 ,sections #a4 ,manufacture ( ,cau/ic ,ammonia2 #b4 ,manufacture ( ,ammonium ,*loride--,f ,f]m5t$ ,ur9e1 ,process ( ! ,lesage ,company1 ,ku5tz's ,process2 ,f ,gas ,liquor1 ,engli% ,process1 ,ku5tz's ,process2 ,f ! ,dry ,di/illation ( ,animal ,matt]2 ,f ,ammonium ,sulphate1 ,sublimation2 #c4 ,ammonium ,phosphates2 #d4 ,c>bonates ( ,ammonium--,sesquic>bonate f ,animal ,matt]1 ,engli% ,process4 ,uses4 ,,vi41 ,recov]y ( ,ammonia f ! ,ammonia-,soda ,"m ,liquors3 ,sections #a4 ,g5]al ,consid]ations2 #b4 ,app>atus ( ,s*loes+ & ,roll&2 #c4 ,app>atus ( ! ,socit ,anonyme de l',e/4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,v>ni%es1 ,,oil ,,ref9+ ,,& ,,boil+1 ,,& ,,k9dr$ ,,indu/ries4 ,describ+ ! ,manufacture ( ,_s ,v>ni%es & ,oil ,v>ni%es2 ,raw ,mat]ials3 ,res9s1 ,solv5ts & ,col\r+ ,pr9ciples2 ,dry+ ,oils3 _! ,prop]ties1 ,applications & ,prep>ation by bo? ,hot & ,cold ,processes2 ,manufacture1 ,employm5t & ,te/+ ( ,diff]5t ,v>ni%es4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,,a*4 ,,liva*e1 ,+nieur ,civil des ,m9es4 ,greatly ,ext5d$ & ,adapt$ to ,engli% ,practice1 ) num]\s ,orig9al ,recipes4 ,by ,,john ,,g$des ,,mc9to%1 ,lectur] on ,oils1 ,col\rs & ,v>ni%es1 ,reg5t ,/reet ,polyte*nic4 ,tw5ty-sev5 ,illu/rations4 #djj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #ahii4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #acs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,res9s3 ,gum ,res9s1 ,oleo ,res9s & ,balsams1 ,comm]cial ,v>ieties1 ,s\rce1 ,collection1 ,*>act]i/ics1 ,*emical ,prop]ties1 ,physical ,prop]ties1 ,h>dness1 ,adult]ations4 ,appropriate ,solv5ts1 ,special ,treatm5t1 ,special ,use4--,,ii4 ,solv5ts3 ,natural1 ,artificial1 ,manufacture1 ,/orage1 ,special ,use4--,,iii4 ,col\r+3 ,pr9ciples1 7#a7 ,vegetable1 7#b7 ,coal ,t>1 7#c7 ,col\r$ ,res9ates1 7#d7 ,col\r$ ,oleates & ,l9oleates4--,gum ,runn+3 ,furnaces1 ,bridges1 ,flues1 ,*imney ,%afts1 ,melt+ ,pots1 ,cond5s]s1 ,boil+ or ,mix+ ,pans1 ,copp] ,vessels1 ,iron ,vessels 7,ca/71 ,iron ,vessels 7,wr\ght71 ,iron ,vessels 7,silv]$71 ,iron ,vessels 7,enamell$71 ,/eam ,sup]heat$ ,plant1 ,hot-air ,plant4--,_s ,v>ni% ,manufacture3 ,cold ,solution ,plant1 ,me*anical ,agitators1 ,hot ,solution ,plant1 ,jackett$ ,pans1 ,me*anical ,agitators1 ,cl>ification & ,filtration1 ,blea*+ ,plant1 ,/orage ,plant4--,manufacture1 ,*>act]i/ics & ,uses ( ! ,_s ,v>ni%es yield$ by3 ,amb]1 ,copal1 ,damm>1 ,%ellac1 ,ma/ic1 ,s&>ac1 ,ros91 ,asphalt1 ,india ,rubb]1 ,gutta ,p]*a1 ,collodion1 ,celluloid1 ,res9ates1 ,oleates4--,manufacture ( ,v>ni% ,/a9s4--,manufacture ( ,lacqu]s4--,manufacture ( ,_s ,enamels4--,analysis ( ,_s ,v>ni%es4--,physical & ,*emical ,con/ants ( ,res9s4 --,table ( ,solubility ( ,res9s 9 diff]5t ,m5/rua4--,sy/ematic qualitative ,analysis ( ,res9s1 ,hirs*op's tables4--,dry+ ,oils3 ,oil ,cru%+ ,plant1 ,oil ,extraction ,plant1 ,individual ,oils1 ,special ,treatm5t ( ,l9se$ ,oil1 ,poppyse$ ,oil1 ,walnut ,oil1 ,hempse$ ,oil1 ,llamantia ,oil1 ,japanese ,wood ,oil1 ,gurjun ,balsam1 ,climatic ,influ5ce on ,se$ & ,oil4--,oil ,ref9+3 ,processes1 ,!n>d's1 ,liebig's1 ,filtration1 ,/orage1 ,old ,tank$ ,oil4--,oil ,boil+3 ,fire ,boil+ ,plant1 ,/eam ,boil+ ,plant1 ,hot-,air ,plant1 ,air ,pumps1 ,me*anical ,agitators1 ,v9c5t's ,process1 ,hadfield's ,pat5t1 ,/or]'s ,pat5t1 ,walton's ,processes1 ,cont95tal ,processes1 ,pale ,boil$ ,oil1 ,d\ble ,boil$ ,oil1 ,h>tley & ,bl5k9sop's ,process4--,dri]s3 ,manufacture1 ,special ,individual ,use ( 7#a7 ,li?>ge1 7#b7 ,sug> ( ,lead1 7#c7 ,r$ ,lead1 7#d7 ,lead ,borate1 7#e7 ,lead ,l9oleate1 7#f7 ,lead ,res9ate1 7#g7 ,black ,oxide ( ,manganese1 7#h7 ,manganese ,acetate1 7#i7 ,manganese ,borate1 7#aj7 ,manganese ,res9ate1 7,,ii7 ,manganese ,l9oleate1 ,mix$ ,res9ates & ,l9oleates1 ,manganese & ,lead1 ,z9c ,sulphate1 ,t]eb9e1 ,liquid ,dri]s4--,solidifi$ ,boil$ ,oil4--,manufacture ( ,l9oleum4--,manufacture ( ,india ,rubb] ,sub/itutes4--,pr9t+ ,ink ,manufacture--,li?ographic ,ink ,manufacture4--,manufacture ( ,oil ,v>ni%es4--,runn+ & ,special ,treatm5t ( ,amb]1 ,copal1 ,kauri1 ,manilla4--,addition ( ,oil to ,res94--,addition ( ,res9 to ,oil4--,mix$ ,processes4--,solution 9 ,cold ( previ\sly ,fus$ ,res94--,dissolv+ ,res9s 9 ,oil1 etc41 "u pressure4--,filtration4--,cl>ification4- -,/orage4--,age+4--,coa*-mak]s' ,v>ni%es & ,japans4--,oak ,v>ni%es4--,japann]s' ,/ov+ ,v>ni%es4--,japann]s' ,gold ,size4--,brunswick ,black4--,v>i\s ,oil ,v>ni%es4--,oil-,v>ni% ,/a9s4--,v>ni%es = ,enamels4-,india ,rubb] ,v>ni%es4--,v>ni%es ,analysis3 ,processes1 ,mat*+4--,faults 9 ,v>ni%es3 ,cause1 ,prev5tion4--,exp]im5ts & ,ex]cises4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,!re is no "q t ?is is a useful book4--,*emi/ & ,druggi/4 ,! diff]5t =mul :i* are quot$ appe> to be f> m 'practical' ?an su* z are usually to be f\nd 9 text-books3 & assum+ t ! orig9al 0 publi%$ two or ?ree ye>s ago1 & 0 only slightly beh9dh& 9 its in=mation1 ! pres5t volume gives a fair insight into ! position ( ! v>ni% indu/ry4--,! ,ironmong]4 ,lett] f ! ,tea*] ( a ,te*nical ,class4 ,z a tea*] ,i h (t5 be5 consult$ z to ! be/ "w on ,v>ni% ,manufacture & k9dr$ indu/ries1 & h be5 at a loss 9 recomm5d+ a really practical "o4 ,x is !re=e ) pleasure t ,i c n[ te/ify z to ! m]its ( ! book on ^! subjects by ,a4 ,liva*e & ,j4,g4 ,mc,intosh rec5tly publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,scott1 ,gre5wood ,co4 ,9 my op9ion no v>ni% mak] ought to be )\t x2 moreov]1 x is ! be/ text-book t c\ld be put into ! h&s ( trade /ud5ts or beg9n]s4 ,x has also ! m]its ( be+ ?or\ghly up-to-date & ( possess+ a rem>kably compreh5sive index4 ,i c consci5ti\sly recomm5d x to my /ud5ts & trade fri5ds4--,,*>les ,,h>rison1 ,lectur] on ! ,manufacture ( ,pa9t]s' ,oils1 ,col\rs & ,v>ni%es1 ,bor\gh ,polyte*nic1 ,bor\gh ,road1 ,s4,e4 #bcrd ,may1 #ahii 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,lake ,,pigm5ts ,,f ,,artificial ,,col\rs4 ,by ,,francis ,h4 ,,j5nison1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,sixte5 ,col\r$ ,plates1 %[+ ,specim5s ( ,eighty-n9e ,col\rs1 specially prep>$ f ! ,recipes giv5 9 ! ,book4 #acf pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,introduction4--,,ii41 ,! ,gr\ps ( ! ,artificial ,col\r+ ,matt]s4--,,iii41 ,! ,nature & ,manipulation ( ,artificial ,col\rs4--,,iv41 ,lake-=m+ ,bodies = ,acid ,col\rs4 --,v41 ,lake-=m+ ,bodies' ,basic ,col\rs4--,,vi41 ,lake ,bases4--,,vii41 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,lake ,=mation4--,,viii41 ,r$ ,lakes4--,,ix41 ,orange1 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,blue1 ,violet & ,black ,lakes4 --,x41 ,! ,production ( ,insoluble ,azo ,col\rs 9 ! ,=m ( ,pigm5ts4--,,xi41 ,! ,g5]al ,prop]ties ( ,lakes ,produc$ f ,artificial ,col\rs4--,,xii41 ,wa%+1 ,filt]+ & ,f9i%+4 --,,xiii41 ,mat*+ & ,te/+ ,lake ,pigm5ts4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,x is evid5tly ! result ( prolong$ rese>*1 & _c b prove a valuable consult+ "w to ^? engag$ 9 ! indu/ry4--,d]by ,m]cury4 ,! practical portion ( ! volume is ! "o :i* w especially comm5d itself1 z t is ! "p ( ! subject :i* mo/ read]s w\ld buy ! book =4--,*emi/ & ,druggi/4 ,?is "w j issu$ is a v valuable treatise on ! manufacture ( lake pigm5ts ( ! coal-t> s]ies pr9cipally4 ,! plan adopt$ by ! au?or 9 writ+ up ! subject enables ! manufacture to be v readily und]/ood4444 ,! g5]al prop]ties ( lakes produc$ f artificial col\rs1 wa%+1 filt]+ & f9i%+1 & mat*+ & te/+ lake pigm5ts are well & exhau/ively describ$1 s t no manufactur] or us] ( lake pigm5ts c well af=d to be )\t ?is "w4--,*emical ,trade ,j\rnal4 ,?is is und\bt$ly a book :i* w occupy a v high place among/ te*nical works1 & w prove ( exceptional value to all :om x imm$iately conc]ns4 ,we h no hesitation 9 recomm5d+ x z "o ( ! be/ works ( its class we h ev] read4 ,mr4 ,j5nison has set ab\t 8 task ) a lucid /yle1 & ) a complete ma/]y ( 8 subject4 44 ,we d n ?9k /ud5ts ( ! te*nical side ( ! pa9t & col\r indu/ry c possibly sp5d #gs4 #f;d4 9 a m pr(itable way ?an by buy+ ?is publication4--,ea/]n ,morn+ ,news4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,te/+ ,,& ,,valuation ,,( ,,raw ,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,9 ,,pa9t ,,& ,,col\r ,,manufacture4 ,by ,m4,w4 ,,jones1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,a ,book = ! ,laboratories ( ,col\r ,works4 #hh pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #es42 ,india & ,colonies1 #es4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #fs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,alum9ium ,comp\nds4 ,*9a ,clay4 ,iron ,comp\nds4 ,potassium ,comp\nds4 ,sodium ,comp\nds4 ,ammonium ,hydrate4 ,acids4 ,*romium ,comp\nds4 ,t9 ,comp\nds4 ,copp] ,comp\nds4 ,lead ,comp\nds4 ,z9c ,comp\nds4 ,manganese ,comp\nds4 ,ars5ic ,comp\nds4 ,antimony ,comp\nds4 ,calcium ,comp\nds4 ,b>ium ,comp\nds4 ,cadmium ,comp\nds4 ,m]cury ,comp\nds4 ,ultram>9e4 ,cobalt & ,c>bon ,comp\nds4 ,oils ,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?\gh ?is excell5t little "w c appeal only to a limit$ class1 ! *emi/s 9 col\r works1 yet x w appeal to !m v /rongly inde$1 = x w put !m on ! track ( %ort1 rapid1 & yet approximately1 accurate me?ods ( te/+ ! comp>ative value ( compet+ samples ( raw mat]ial us$ 9 pa9t & col\r manufacture4--,nor? ,briti% ,daily ,mail4 ,?is little text-book is int5d$ to supplem5t ! l>g] & m compreh5sive works on ! subject1 & x embodies ! result ( ,mr4 ,jones' exp]im5ts & exp]i5ces1 ext5d+ ov] a long p]iod4 ,x gives1 "u sep>ate head+s1 ! pr9cipal +r$i5ts & impurities f\nd 9 ! raw mat]ials1 & is a h&y "w ( ref]5ce = asc]ta9+ :at is valuable or detrim5tal 9 ! sample "u exam9ation4--,blackburn ,times4 ,!re is no attempt at lit]>y adornm5t nor /ra9+ aft] lit]>y effect1 b ! lessons are imp>t$ 9 simple & concise language4 ,?is is j :at a text-book %\ld be4444 ,! treatise is c]ta9ly mo/ useful1 & be>s int]nal evid5ce ( be+ ! results ( actual "w 9 a busy manufactory & n ( ephem]al cramm+ 9 a te*nical s*ool4 ,! *apt] arrangem5t is good1 ! index satisfactory1 & ! book is altoge!r "o :i* ! practical *emi/ %\ld keep z accessible to 8 crucibles & filt] pap]4--,man*e/] ,c\ri]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,ess5tial ,,oils ,,& ,,artificial ,,p]fumes4 ,by ,,erne/ ,j4 ,,p>ry1 ,b4,,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,tw5ty ,engrav+s4 #djj pp4 #ahii4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #acs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,! ,g5]al ,prop]ties ( ,ess5tial ,oils4--,,ii41 ,comp\nds occurr+ 9 ,ess5tial ,oils4--,,iii41 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,ess5tial ,oils4--,,iv41 ,! ,analysis ( ,ess5tial ,oils4--,v41 ,sy/ematic ,/udy ( ! ,ess5tial ,oils4--,,vi41 ,t]p5eless ,oils4--,,vii41 ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,artificial ,p]fumes4--,app5dix3 ,table ( ,con/ants4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! publication w take a high place 9 ! li/ ( sci5tific text-books4--,london ,argus ,we c he>tily recomm5d ?is volume to all int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( ess5tial oils f ! sci5tific or ! comm]cial /&po9t4--,briti% & ,colonial ,druggi/4 ,mr4 ,p>ry has done good s]vice 9 c>efully collect+ & m>%all+ ! results ( ! num]\s rese>*es publi%$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w4--,ph>maceutical ,j\rnal4 ,at v>i\s times monographs h be5 pr9t$ by individual work]s1 b x may safely be said t ,mr4 ,p>ry is ! fir/ 9 ^! latt] days to deal ) ! subject 9 an adequate mann]4 ,8 book is well conceiv$ & well writt54444 ,he is kn[n to h s\nd practical exp]i5ce 9 analytical me?ods1 & he has app>5tly tak5 pa9s to make himself au fait ) ! comm]cial aspects ( ! subject4--,*emi/ & ,druggi/4 ,mr4 ,p>ry's reputation z a sci5ti/ is fully e/abli%$1 & we c !re=e accept any "w emanat+ f 8 p5 z be+ ( ! greate/ practical value4 ,we h p]us$ ! "w be=e u ) mu* c>e1 & are conv9c$ t ! cont5ts w be f\nd mo/ s]viceable & its publication mo/ opportune4444 ,he avoids unnecess>y details1 b includes ev]y?+ t is ess5tial to sy/ematic treatm5t1 :ile he attempts no m '?an to give an outl9e ( ! pr9ciples involv$'4444 ,we congratulate ,mr4 ,p>ry on ! sci5tific value ( 8 "w1 & hope t if ! progress ( ! colonies 9 ! manufacture ( ess5tial oils & p]fumes equals :at we are ju/ifi$ 9 expect+1 x w become an ,au/ralian h&book1 ev]y:]e appreciat$4--,! ,au/ralian ,brew]s' ,j\rnal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dry+ ,,oils1 ,,boil$ ,,oil ,,& ,,solid ,,& ,,liquid ,,dri]s4 ,by ,l4,e4 ,,&,s4 ,a ,practical ,"w = ,manufactur]s ( ,oils1 ,v>ni%es1 ,pr9t+ ,inks1 ,oilclo? & ,l9oleum1 ,oilcakes1 ,pa9ts1 etc4 ,expressly ,writt5 = ?is ,s]ies ( ,special ,te*nical ,books1 & ! ,publi%]s hold ! ,copyright = ,engli% & ,=eign ,editions4 ,=ty-two ,illu/rations4 #cfj pp4 #aija4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #acs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,g5]al ,*emical & ,physical ,prop]ties ( ! ,dry+ ,oils2 ,cause ( ! ,dry+ ,prop]ty2 ,absorption ( ,oxyg53 ,behavi\r t[>ds ,metallic ,oxides1 etc4--,,ii41 ,! ,prop]ties ( & ,me?ods = obta9+ ! ,dry+ ,oils4--,,iii41 ,production ( ! ,dry+ ,oils by ,expression & ,extraction3 ,ref9+ & ,blea*+2 ,oil ,cakes & ,meal3 ,! ,ref9+ & ,blea*+ ( ! ,dry+ ,oils2 ,! ,blea*+ ( ,l9se$ ,oil4--,,iv41 ,! ,manufacture or ,boil$ ,oil2 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,dry+ ,oils = ,use 9 ! ,gr9d+ ( ,pa9ts & ,arti/s' ,col\rs & 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,v>ni%es by ,heat+ ov] a ,fire or by ,/eam1 by ! ,cold ,process1 by ! ,action ( ,air1 & by ,means ( ! ,electric ,curr5t2 ,! ,dri]s us$ 9 ,boil+ ,l9se$ ,oil2 ,! ,manufacture ( ,boil$ ,oil & ! ,app>atus !re=2 ,liva*e's ,process = ,prep>+ a ,good ,dry+ ,oil & its ,practical ,application4--,v41 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,v>ni%es = ,lett]press1 ,li?ographic & ,copp]plate ,pr9t+1 = ,oilclo? & ,wat]pro( ,fabrics3 ,! ,manufacture ( ,?ick5$ ,l9se$ ,oil1 ,burnt ,oil1 ,/& ,oil by ,fire ,heat1 ,sup]heat$ ,/eam1 & by a ,curr5t ( ,air4--,,vi41 ,behavi\r ( ! ,dry+ ,oils & ,boil$ ,oils t[>ds ,atmosph]ic ,influ5ces1 ,wat]1 ,acids & ,alkalies4--,,vii41 ,boil$ ,oil ,sub/itutes4--,,viii41 ,! ,manufacture ( ,solid & ,liquid ,dri]s f ,l9se$ ,oil & ,ros92 ,l9olic ,acid ,comp\nds ( ! ,dri]s4--,,ix41 ,! ,adult]ation & ,exam9ation ( ! ,dry+ ,oils & ,boil$ ,oil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,reissue ,,( ,,*emical ,,essays ,,( ,c4,w4 ,,s*eele4 ,fir/ ,publi%$ 9 ,engli% 9 #aghf4 ,translat$ f ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,/ockholm1 ) ,additions4 #cjj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #es42 ,india & ,colonies1 #es4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #fs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,memoir2 ,c4,w4 ,s*eele & 8 "w 7writt5 = ?is edition74--,*apt]s ,i41 ,on ,fluor ,m9]al & its ,acid4--,,ii41 ,on ,fluor ,m9]al4--,,iii41 ,*emical ,inve/igation ( ,fluor ,acid1 ) a ,view to ! ,e>? :i* x ,yields1 by ,mr4 ,wiegl]4--,,iv41 ,additional ,in=mation ,conc]n+ ,fluor ,m9]als4--,v41 ,on ,manganese1 ,magnesium1 or ,magnesia ,vitr>iorum4--,,vi41 ,on ,ars5ic & its ,acid4--,,vii41 ,rem>ks ^u ,salts ( ,b5zo9--,,viii41 ,on ,silex1 ,clay & ,alum4--,,ix41 ,analysis ( ! ,calculus ,vesical4--,x41 ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,m]curius4 ,dulcis ,via ,humida4--,,xi41 ,*eap] & m ,conv5i5t ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,pulvis ,alg>o?i4--,,xii41 ,exp]im5ts ^u ,molybda5a4--,,xiii41 ,exp]im5ts on ,plumbago4--,,xiv41 ,me?od ( ,prep>+ a ,new ,gre5 ,col\r4--,,xv41 ,( ! ,decomposition ( ,neutral ,salts by ,unslak$ ,lime & ,iron4--,,xvi41 ,on !4 ,quantity ( ,pure ,air :i* is ,daily ,pres5t 9 our ,atmosph]e4--,,xvii41 ,on ,milk & its ,acid4--,,xviii41 ,on ! ,acid ( ,sac*>um ,lactis4 --,,xix41 ,on ! ,con/itu5t ,p>ts ( ,lapis ,pond]osus or ,tung/54--,,xx41 ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations on ,e!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,glue ,,& ,,glue ,,te/+4 ,by ,,samuel ,,rideal1 ,d4,,sc4 ,lond41 ,f4,i4,c4 ,f\rte5 ,engrav+s4 #add pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,con/itution & ,prop]ties3 ,def9itions & ,s\rces1 ,gelat9e1 ,*ondr9 & ,alli$ ,bodies1 ,physical & ,*emical ,prop]ties1 ,classification1 ,grades & ,comm]cial ,v>ieties4--,,ii41 ,raw ,mat]ials & ,manufacture3 ,glue ,/ock1 ,l9+1 ,extraction1 ,wa%+ & ,cl>ify+1 ,filt] ,presses1 ,wat] ,supply1 ,use ( ,alkalies1 ,action ( ,bact]ia & ( ,antiseptics1 ,v>i\s ,processes1 ,cleans+1 ,=m+1 ,dry+1 ,cru%+1 etc41 ,second>y ,products4 --,,iii41 ,uses ( ,glue3 ,selection & ,prep>ation = ,use1 ,c>p5try1 ,v5e]+1 ,pap]-,mak+1 ,bookb9d+1 ,pr9t+ ,roll]s1 ,hectographs1 ,mat* ,manufacture1 ,s&pap]1 etc41 ,sub/itutes = o!r ,mat]ials1 ,artificial ,lea!r & ,ca\t*\c4--,,iv41 ,gelat9e3 ,g5]al ,*>act]s1 ,liquid ,gelat9e1 ,photographic ,uses1 ,size1 ,tanno-1 ,*rome & ,=mo-,gelat9e1 ,artificial ,silk1 ,cem5ts1 ,pneumatic ,tyres1 ,cul9>y1 ,meat ,extracts1 ,is+lass1 ,m$ic9al & o!r ,uses1 ,bact]iology4--,v41 ,glue ,te/+3 ,review ( ,processes1 ,*emical ,exam9ation1 ,adult]ation1 ,physical ,te/s1 ,valuation ( ,raw ,mat]ials4--,,vi41 ,comm]cial ,aspects4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is "w is ( ! highe/ te*nical "*1 & gives n only a full & practical acc\nt ( ! raw mat]ials & manufacture ( glues1 gelat9es & simil> sub/ances1 b gives _m h9ts & in=mation on ! use ( su* sub/ances 9 v5e]+1 c>p5try & _m o!r purposes4 ,_m te/s are giv5 = glue 9 diff]5t /ages ( ! progress ( its manufacture1 & ! comm]cial value ( a commodity s mu* 9 g5]al use is exemplifi$ by /ati/ics & figures4 ,x is c]ta9ly a valuable treatise ^u an article = :i* v little lit]ature 9 any =m has previ\sly be5 obta9able4--,c>p5t] & ,build]4 ,books on ! art ( glue mak+ are m ?an usually sc>ce1 & us]s ( t article1 z well z ^? :o may be tempt$ to emb>k 9 ! indu/ry1 %\ld !re=e welcome ?is book by ,dr4 ,samuel ,rideal1 a ,fell[ ( ! ,in/itute ( ,*emi/ry1 & a lead+ au?ority4 ,9 ?is book he has collect$ ! m important facts connect$ ) ! manufacture ( glue & alli$ products1 & /at$ ! exp]i5ce he has ga9$ 9 exam9+ v>i\s comm]cial samples dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s4444 ,dr4 ,rideal's book mu/ be reg>d$ z a valuable contribution to o!r te*nical lit]ature1 :i* manufactur]s1 m]*ants & us]s may /udy ) pr(it4--,briti% ,trade ,j\rnal4 ,?is volume is ! late/ addition to ! excell5t s]ies ( special te*nical works = manufactur]s & pr(essional & comm]cial m5 issu$ by ! well-kn[n publi%]s ( ,! ,oil & ,col\rman's ,j\rnal4 ,! volume 9 e way fully ma9ta9s ! high /&>d ( excell5ce ( ! :ole s]ies1 & deals ) ! subject ( glue mak+ & glue te/+ 9 a ?or\ghly exhau/ive mann]4 ,*apt]s are giv5 on ! con/itution & prop]ties1 & raw mat]ial & manufacture1 & ( ! uses ( glue1 & 9 ?is latt] respect x w d\btless be in=mation to _m read]s to le>n to :at ext5t glue ent]s into ! manufacture ( _m comm]cial products n app>5tly associat$ ) glue4 ,exhau/ive *apt]s on ! processes & me?ods ( glue te/+1 & on its comm]cial aspects1 complete ?is useful & mo/ c>efully prep>$ volume4--,c>riage ,build]s' ,j\rnal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,te*nology ,,( ,,petroleum3 ,oil ,fields ( ! ,_w--,_! ,hi/ory1 ,geography & ,geology--,annual ,production & ,developm5t--,oil-well ,drill+--,transport4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,neub]g] & ,,h5ry ,,noalhat4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,j4 ,g4 ,,mc9to%4 #eej pp4 #aec ,illu/rations4 #bf ,plates4 ,royal #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #bas42 ,india & ,colonies1 #bbs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #bcs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,/udy ( ! ,petrolif]\s ,/rata--,*apt]s ,i41 ,petroleum--,def9ition4--,,ii41 ,! ,g5esis or ,orig9 ( ,petroleum4--,,iii41 ,! ,oil ,fields ( ,galicia1 _! ,hi/ory4--,,iv44 ,physical ,geography & ,geology ( ! ,galician ,oil ,fields4--,v44 ,practical ,notes on ,galician ,l& ,law--,economic ,h9ts on ,work+1 etc4--,,vi41 ,r\mania--,hi/ory1 ,geography1 ,geology4 --,,vii41 ,petroleum 9 ,russia--,hi/ory4--,,viii41 ,russian ,petroleum 7cont9u$7--,geography & ,geology ( ! ,caucasian ,oil ,fields4--,,ix44 ,russian ,petroleum 7cont9u$74--,x41 ,! ,second>y ,oil ,fields ( ,europe4 ,nor!rn ,g]many1 ,alsace1 ,italy1 etc4--,,xi41 ,petroleum 9 ,france4--,,xii41 ,petroleum 9 ,asia--,transcaspian & ,turke/an ,t]ritory--,turke/an--,p]sia--,briti% ,india & ,burmah--,briti% ,burmah or ,l[] ,burmah--,*9a--,*9ese ,?ibet--,japan1 ,=mosa & ,saghali54--,,xiii41 ,petroleum 9 ,oceania--,sumatra4 ,java1 ,borneo--,isle ( ,timor--,philipp9e ,isles--,new ,zeal&4--,,xiv41 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica--,hi/ory4 --,,xv41 ,physical ,geology & ,geography ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,oil ,fields4--,,xvi41 ,canadian & o!r ,nor? ,am]ican ,oil ,fields4--,,xvii41 ,economic ,data ( ,"w 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 --,,xviii41 ,petroleum 9 ! ,we/ ,indies & ,s\? ,am]ica4--,,xix41 ,petroleum 9 ! ,fr5* ,colonies4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,excavations4--,*apt] ,,xx41 ,h& ,excavation or ,h& ,digg+ ( ,oil ,wells4 ,"p ,,iii41 ,me?ods ( ,bor+4--,*apt]s ,,xxi41 ,me?ods ( ,oil-well ,drill+ or ,bor+4--,,xxii41 ,bor+ ,oil ,wells ) ! ,rope4--,,xxiii41 ,drill+ ) ,rigid ,rods & a ,free-fall--,fabian ,sy/em4--,,xxiv41 ,free-fall ,drill+ by ,/eam ,p[]4--,,xxv41 ,oil-well ,drill+ by ! ,canadian ,sy/em4--,,xxvi41 ,drill+ ,oil ,wells on ! ,comb9$ ,sy/em4--,,xxvii41 ,comp>ison betwe5 ! ,comb9$ ,fauck ,sy/em & ! ,canadian4--,,xxviii41 ,! ,am]ican ,sy/em ( ,drill+ ) ! ,rope4--,,xxix41 ,hydraulic ,bor+ ) ! ,drill by ,h& & ,/eam ,p[]4--,,xxx41 ,rot>y ,drill+ ( ,oil ,wells1 ,bits1 ,/eel-cr[n$ ,tools1 ,diamond ,tools--,h& ,p[] & ,/eam ,p[]--,hydraulic ,s&-pump+4--,,xxxi41 ,improvem5ts 9 & diff]5t ,sy/ems ( ,drill+ ,oil ,wells4 ,"p ,,iv41 ,accid5ts4--,*apt]s ,,xxxii41 ,bor+ ,accid5ts--,me?ods ( prev5t+ !m--,me?ods ( rem$y+ !m4--,,xxxiii41 ,explosives & ! use ( ! ,torp$o ,levigation4--,,xxxiv41 ,/or+ & ,transport ( ,petroleum4--,,xxxv41 ,g5]al ,advice--,prospect+1 ,managem5t & c>ry+ on ( ,petroleum ,bor+ ,op]ations4 ,"p ,v41 ,g5]al ,data4--,cu/om>y ,=mul4--,mem5to4 ,practical ,"p4 ,g5]al ,data be>+ on ,petroleum4--,gloss>y or ,te*nical ,t]ms us$ 9 ! ,petroleum ,indu/ry4--,copi\s ,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,diction>y ,,( ,,*emicals ,,& ,,raw ,,products ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pa9ts1 ,,col\rs1 ,,v>ni%es ,,& ,,alli$ ,,prep>ations4 ,by ,,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,demy #hvo4 #chj pp4 #aija4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,! names ( ! ,*emicals & ,raw ,products are arrang$ 9 alphabetical ord]1 & ! description ( ea* v>ies 9 l5g? f half to eight pages4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! articles describ$ & expla9$3 ,acetates--,acetic ,acid--,acidimetry--,alcohol--,alum--,am monia--,amb]--,animi-- ,ars5ic--,beeswax--,b5zol--,bi*romates ( ,pota% & ,soda--,blea*+ ,p[d]--,bone ,black--,boric ,acid--,brunswick ,gre5--,cadmium ,yell[--,c>bonates--,c>m9e--,c>nauba ,wax--,cau/ic ,pota% & ,soda--,*rome ,col\rs--,clay--,coal ,t> ,col\rs--,copal--,damm>--,dry+ ,oils--,em]ald ,gre5--,gamboge--,glue--,glyc]9e--,gums- -,gypsum--,indian ,r$--,japanese ,lacqu]--,lac--,lakes--,lamp ,black--,lead ,comp\nds--,l9se$ ,oil--,magnesia--,manganese ,comp\nds--,mica--,nitric ,acid--,o*res--,orange ,lead--,orr's ,:ite--,p>aff9--,prussian ,blue--,ros9 ,oil--,sepia--,si5na--,smalts--,sodium ,c>bonate--,sublim$ ,:ite ,lead--,sulphuric ,acid--,t]ra ,v]te--,te/+ ,pigm5ts--,turp5t9e--,ultram>9e--,umb]s- -,v]milionettes--,:ite ,lead--,:it+--,z9c ,comp\nds4--,app5dix3 ,comp>ison ( ,baume ,hydromet] & ,specific ,gravity = ,liquids ,light] ?an ,wat]--,hydromet] ,table = ,liquids ,heavi] ?an ,wat]--,comp>ison ( ,temp]ature ,degrees--,tables = ,conv]t+ ,fr5* ,metric ,weights & ,measures into ,engli%--,table ( ! ,elem5ts--etc41 etc4--,copi\s ,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is treatise w be welcom$ by ^? int]e/$ 9 ?is indu/ry :o h n secur$ ! full advantage ( a c\rse ( sci5tific tra9+4--,*emical ,trade ,j\rnal4 ,9 concise & lucid t]ms almo/ e +r$i5t us$ 9 pa9t & col\r manufacture is describ$1 toge!r ) ! me?ods ( te/+ _! intr9sic & *emical value4--,pontefract ,express4 ,su* a book ( ref]5ce = pa9t1 col\r & v>ni% manufactur]s has long be5 ne$$1 & 9 ,mr4 ,hur/ ! publi%]s h secur$ a compil] :o is n only a well-kn[n au?ority & exp]t1 b :o has ! gift ( communicat+ 8 k 9 a concise & lucid =m4--,man*e/] ,c\ri]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pure ,,air1 ,,ozone ,,& ,,wat]4 ,a ,practical ,treatise ( _! ,utilisation & ,value 9 ,oil1 ,grease1 ,soap1 ,pa9t1 ,glue & o!r ,indu/ries4 ,by ,w4 ,b4 ,,c[ell4 ,twelve ,illu/rations4 #aijj4 ,price #es42 ,india & ,colonies1 #es4 #f;d43 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #fs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,atmosph]ic ,air2 ,lift+ ( ,liquids3 ,suction ,process2 ,prep>+ ,bl[n ,oils2 ,prep>+ ,siccative ,dry+ ,oils4--,,ii41 ,compress$ ,air2 ,:itewa%4--,,iii41 ,liquid ,air2 ,retrocession4--,,iv41 ,purification ( ,wat]2 ,wat] ,h>dness4--,v41 ,fle%+s & ,bones4--,,vi41 ,ozonis$ ,air 9 ! ,blea*+ & ,deodoris+ ( ,fats1 ,glues1 etc43 ,blea*+ ,textile ,fibres4--,app5dix3 ,air & ,gases3 ,pressure ( ,air at ,v>i\s ,temp]atures2 ,fuel2 ,table ( ,combu/ibles2 ,sav+ ( ,fuel by ,heat+ ,fe$ ,wat]2 ,table ( ,solubilities ( ,scale ,mak+ ,m9]als3 ,briti% ,!rmal ,units ,tables2 ,volume ( ! ,fl[ ( ,/eam into ! ,atmosph]e2 ,temp]ature ( ,/eam4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is is a valuable "w 9 little space4444 ,9 arrangem5t x is a comm5dable "w1 & its value is increas$ by ! index :i* br+s ! little volume to a close4--,newca/le ,daily ,j\rnal4 ,! book is writt5 solely = manufactur]s1 :o1 )\t d\bt1 w f9d x exce$+ly practical & useful4 ,! volume conta9s an app5dix :]e9 is giv5 a great _m tables1 etc41 :i* manufactur]s 9 ! trades ref]r$ to w f9d ( ine/imable value ,blackburn ,times4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,m9]al ,,& ,,lake ,,pigm5ts4 ,conta9+ ,directions = ! ,manufacture ( all ,artificial1 ,arti/s & ,pa9t]s' ,col\rs1 ,enamel1 ,soot & ,metallic ,pigm5ts4 ,a ,text-book = ,manufactur]s1 ,m]*ants1 ,arti/s & ,pa9t]s4 ,by ,dr4 ,,josef ,,b]s*4 ,translat$ f ! ,second ,revis$ ,edition by ,,ar?ur ,c4 ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 7,oxon471 ,b4,sc4 7,lond471 =m]ly ,assi/ant ,lectur] & ,demon/rator 9 ,*emi/ry at ! ,york%ire ,college1 ,le$s4 ,=ty-?ree ,illu/rations4 #dgf pp41 demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies4 #acs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,introduction4--,,ii41 ,physico-*emical ,behavi\r ( ,pigm5ts4--,,iii41 ,raw ,mat]ials ,employ$ 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,pigm5ts4--,,iv41 ,assi/ant ,mat]ials4--,v41 ,metallic ,comp\nds4--,,vi41 ,! ,manufacture ( ,m9]al ,pigm5ts4--,,vii41 ,! ,manufacture ( ,:ite ,lead4--,,viii41 ,enamel ,:ite4--,,ix41 ,wa%+ ,app>atus4--,x41 ,z9c ,:ite4--,,xi44 ,yell[ ,m9]al ,pigm5ts4--,,xii41 ,*rome ,yell[4--,,xiii41 ,lead ,oxide ,pigm5ts4--,,xiv41 ,o!r ,yell[ ,pigm5ts4--,,xv41 ,mosaic2 ,gold4--,,xvi41 ,r$ ,m9]al ,pigm5ts4--,,xvii41 ,! ,manufacture ( ,v]milion4--,,xviii41 ,antimony ,v]milion4--,,xix41 ,f]ric ,oxide ,pigm5ts4--,,xx41 ,o!r ,r$ ,m9]al ,pigm5ts4--,,xxi41 ,purple ( ,cassius4--,,xxii41 ,blue ,m9]al ,pigm5ts4 --,,xxiii41 ,ultram>9e4--,,xxiv41 ,manufacture ( ,ultram>9e4--,,xxv41 ,blue ,copp] ,pigm5ts4 --,,xxvi41 ,blue ,cobalt ,pigm5ts4--,,xxvii41 ,smalts4--,,xxviii41 ,gre5 ,m9]al ,pigm5ts4--,,xxix41 ,em]ald ,gre54--,,xxx41 ,v]digris4--,,xxxi41 ,*romium ,oxide4--,,xxxii41 ,o!r ,gre5 ,*romium ,pigm5ts4--,,xxxiii41 ,gre5 ,cobalt ,pigm5ts4--,,xxxiv41 ,gre5 ,manganese ,pigm5ts4--,,xxxv41 ,comp\nd$ ,gre5 ,pigm5ts4--,,xxxvi41 ,violet ,m9]al ,pigm5ts4--,,xxxvii44 ,br[n ,m9]al ,pigm5ts4--,,xxxviii41 ,br[n ,decomposition ,products4--,,xxxix41 ,black ,pigm5ts4--,,xl41 ,manufacture ( ,soot ,pigm5ts4--,,xli41 ,manufacture ( ,lamp ,black4--,,xlii41 ,! ,manufacture ( ,soot ,black )\t ,*amb]s4--,,xliii41 ,indian ,ink4--,,xliv41 ,enamel ,col\rs4--,,xlv41 ,metallic ,pigm5ts4--,,xlvi41 ,bronze ,pigm5ts--,,xlvii41 ,vegetable ,bronze ,pigm5ts4 ,,pigm5ts ,,( ,,organic ,,orig94--,*apt]s ,,xlviii41 ,lakes4--,,xlix41 ,yell[ ,lakes4--,l41 ,r$ ,lakes4--,,li41 ,manufacture ( ,c>m9e4--,,lii41 ,! ,col\r+ ,matt] ( ,lac4--,,liii41 ,saffl[] or ,c>?am9e ,r$4--,,liv41 ,madd] & its ,col\r+ ,matt]s4--,,lv41 ,madd] ,lakes4--,,lvi41 ,manjit 7,indian ,madd]74--,,lvii41 ,li*5 ,col\r+ ,matt]s4--,,lviii41 ,r$ ,wood ,lakes4 --,,lix41 ,! ,col\r+ ,matt]s ( ,s&al ,wood & ,o!r ,dye ,woods4--,,lx41 ,blue ,lakes4--,,lxi41 ,indigo ,c>m9e4--,,lxii41 ,! ,col\r+ ,matt] ( ,log ,wood4--,,lxiii41 ,gre5 ,lakes4--,,lxiv41 ,br[n ,organic ,pigm5ts4--,,lxv41 ,sap ,col\rs4--,,lxvi41 ,wat] ,col\rs4--,,lxvii41 ,crayons4--,,lxviii41 ,confection]y ,col\rs4--,,lxix41 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,pigm5ts = ,pa9t+4--,,lxx41 ,! ,exam9ation ( ,pigm5ts4--,,lxxi41 ,exam9ation ( ,lakes4--,,lxxii41 ,! ,te/+ ( ,dye-,woods4--,,lxxiii41 ,! ,design ( a ,col\r ,works4--,,lxxiv4--,comm]cial ,names ( ,pigm5ts4--,app5dix3 ,conv]sion ( ,metric to ,engli% ,weights & ,measures4--,c5tigrade & ,fahr5heit ,!rmomet] ,scales4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bone ,,products ,,& ,,manures3 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! mo/ rec5t ,improvem5ts 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,fat1 ,glue1 ,animal ,*>coal1 ,size1 ,gelat9e & ,manures4 ,by ,,?omas ,,lamb]t1 ,te*nical & ,consult+ ,*emi/4 ,illu/rat$ by ,tw5ty-"o ,plans & ,diagrams4 #afb pp41 demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,*emical ,composition ( ,bones--,arrangem5t ( ,factory--,cru%+ ( ,bones --,treatm5t ) ,b5z5e--,b5z5e 9 ,crude ,fat--,analyses ( ,cl>ifi$ ,fats--,me*anical ,cleans+ ( ,bones--,animal ,*>coal--,t> & ,ammoniacal ,liquor1 ,*> & ,gases1 f good quality ,bones--,me?od ( ,retort+ ! ,bones--,analyses ( ,*>s--,sp5t ,*>s--,cool+ ( ,t> & ,ammoniacal ,vap\rs--,value ( ,nitrog5 = ,cyanide ( ,pota%--,bone ,oil--,m>r[ ,bones--,composition ( ,m>r[ ,fat--,premi] ,juice--,buttons4--,,ii41 ,prop]ties ( ,glue--,glut9 & ,*ondr9--,sk9 ,glue--,lim+ ( ,sk9s--,wa%+--,boil+ ( ,sk9s--,cl>ification ( ,glue ,liquors--,acid ,/eep+ ( ,bones--,wat] ,sy/em ( ,boil+ ,bones--,/eam ,me?od ( ,treat+ ,bones--,nitrog5 9 ! ,treat$ ,bones--,glue-,boil+ & ,cl>ify+-,h\se--,plan %[+ ,arrangem5t ( ,cl>ify+ ,vats--,plan %[+ ,position ( ,evaporators--,description ( ,evaporators--,sulphur\s ,acid ,g5]ator--,cl>ification ( ,liquors--,section ( ,dry+-,h\se--,specification ( a ,glue--,size--,uses & ,prep>ation & ,composition ( ,size--,conc5trat$ ,size4--,,iii41 ,prop]ties ( ,gelat9e--,prep>ation ( ,sk9 ,gelat9e --,wa%+--,blea*+--,boil+--,cl>ification- -,evaporation--,dry+--,bone ,gelat9e--,select+ ,bones--,cru%+--,dissolv+--,blea*+--,boi l+--,prop]ties ( ,glut9 & ,*ondr9 --,te/+ ( ,glues & ,gelat9es4--,,iv41 ,! ,uses ( ,glue1 ,gelat9e & ,size 9 ,v>i\s ,trades--,soluble & ,liquid ,glues--,/eam & ,wat]pro( ,glues4--,v41 ,manures--,importation ( ,food ,/uffs--,soils--,g]m9ation--,plant ,life4--,,vi41 ,natural ,manures--,wat] & ,nitrog5 9 ,f>my>d ,manure--,full ,analysis ( ,f>my>d ,manure--,action on ,crops--,wat]-,closet4 ,sy/em--,sewage ,manure--,gre5 ,manures4--,,vii41 ,artificial ,manures--,bones--,boil$ & ,/eam$ ,bones--,m9]al ,phosphates--,engli% ,coprolites--,fr5* & ,spani% ,phosphorites--,g]man & ,belgian ,phosphates--,basic ,slag--,guanos ,prop]--,guano ,phosphates4--,,viii41 ,m9]al ,manures--,common ,salt--,pota% ,salts--,calc>e\s ,manures--,prep>$ ,nitrog5\s ,manures--,ammoniacal ,comp\nds--,sodium ,nitrate--,potassium ,nitrate--,organic ,nitrog5\s ,matt]s--,%oddy--,ho(s & ,horns--,lea!r ,wa/e--,dri$ ,meat--,dri$ ,blood--,sup]phosphates--,composition--, manufacture--,section ( ,manure-,%$--,fir/ & ,gr\nd ,floor ,plans ( ,manure-,%$--,quality ( ,acid ,us$--,mix+s--,special ,manures--,potato ,manure--,dissolv$ ,bones--,dissolv$ ,bone ,comp\nd--,enri*$ ,p]uvian ,guano--,special ,manure = ,g>d5 ,/uffs1 etc4--,special ,manure = ,grass ,l&s--,special ,tobacco ,manures--,sug>-,cane ,manure--,comp\nd+ ( ,manures--,valuation ( ,manures4--,,ix41 ,analyses ( ,raw & ,f9i%$ ,products--,common ,raw ,bones--,degreas$ ,bones--,crude ,fat--,ref9$ ,fat--,degelat9is$ ,bones--,animal ,*>coal--,bone ,sup]phosphates--,guanos--,dri$ ,animal ,products--,pota% ,comp\nds--,sulphate ( ,ammonia--,extraction 9 ,vacuo--,description ( a ,vacuum ,pan--,fr5* & ,briti% ,gelat9es comp>$4--,index4 ,press ,op9ion4 ,we c ) confid5ce recomm5d ! p]usal ( ! book to all p]sons int]e/$ 9 ! manufacture ( artificial manures1 & also to ! l>ge numb] ( f>m]s & o!rs :o are desir\s ( work+ _! hold+s on ! mo/ up-to-date me?ods1 & obta9+ ! be/ possible results1 :i* sci5tific rese>* has plac$ )9 _! rea*4--,wigan ,obs]v]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,analysis ,,( ,,res9s ,,& ,,balsams4 ,demy #hvo4 #cdj pp4 #aija4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,def9ition ( ,res9s 9 ,g5]al--,def9ition ( ,balsams1 & especially ! ,gum ,res9s--,ext]nal & ,sup]ficial ,*>act]i/ics ( ,res9\s ,bodies--,di/9ction betwe5 ,res9\s ,bodies & ,fats & ,oils--,orig91 ,occurr5ce & ,collection ( ,res9\s ,sub/ances--,classification--,*emical ,con/itu5ts ( ,res9\s ,sub/ances--,res9ols--,res9ot ,annols--,behavi\r ( ,res9 ,con/itu5ts t[>ds ! ,*ole/]9e ,reactions--,uses & ,id5tification ( ,res9s--,melt+-po9t--,solv5ts--,acid ,value--,saponification ,value--,res9 ,value--,e/] & ,e!r ,values--,acetyl & ,corbonyl ,value--,me?yl ,value--,res9 ,acid--,sy/ematic ,rsum ( ! ,p]=mance ( ! ,acid & ,saponification ,value ,te/s4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,balsams--,introduction--,def9itions--,c anada ,balsam--,copaiba ,balsam--,ango/ura ,copaiba ,balsam--,bahia ,copaiba ,balsam--,c>?ag5a ,copaiba ,balsam--,m>acaibo ,copaiba ,balsam--,matur9 ,copaiba ,balsam--,gurjum ,copaiba ,balsam--,p>a ,copaiba ,balsam--,sur9am ,copaiba ,balsam--,we/ ,african ,copaiba ,balsam--,mecca ,balsam--,p]uvian ,balsam--,tolu ,balsam--,ac>oid ,res9--,am9e--,amb]--,african & ,we/ ,indian ,k9o--,b5gal ,k9o--,labdanum--,ma/ic--,p9e ,res9--,s&>a*--,scammonium--,%ellac--,/o rax--,adult]ation ( ,/yrax ,liquidus ,crudus--,purifi$ ,/orax--,/yrax ,crudus ,colatus--,tacamahac--,?apsia ,res9--,turp5t9e--,*ios ,turp5t9e--,/rassburg ,turp5t9e--,turpe? ,turp5t9e4 ,gum ,res9s--,ammoniacum--,bdellium--,euphorb ium--,galbanum--,gamboge--,lactuc>ium-- ,myrrh--,opopanax--,sagap5um--,olibanum or ,inc5se--,ac>oid ,res9--,amb]-- ,?apsia ,res94--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pa9t4 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ,pa9t ,manufactur]s1 ,m]*ants & ,pa9t]s4 ,by ,j4 ,,cruick%ank ,,smi?1 ,b4,sc4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 #bjj pp4 #fj ,illu/rations & #a ,l>ge ,diagram4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,prep>ation ( ,raw ,mat]ial4--,,ii41 ,/or+ ( ,raw ,mat]ial4--,,iii41 ,te/+ & ,valuation ( ,raw ,mat]ial--,pa9t ,plant & ,ma*9]y4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,*apt] ,v41 ,! ,gr9d+ ( ,:ite ,lead4--,,vi41 ,gr9d+ ( ,:ite ,z9c4--,,vii41 ,gr9d+ ( o!r ,:ite ,pigm5ts4--,,viii41 ,gr9d+ ( ,oxide ,pa9ts4--,,ix41 ,gr9d+ ( ,/a9+ ,col\rs4--,x41 ,gr9d+ ( ,black ,pa9ts4--,,xi41 ,gr9d+ ( ,*emical ,col\rs--,yell[s4--,,xii41 ,gr9d+ ( ,*emical ,col\rs--,blues4--,,xiii41 ,gr9d+ ,gre5s4--,,xiv41 ,gr9d+ ,r$s4--,,xv41 ,gr9d+ ,lakes4--,,xvi41 ,gr9d+ ,col\rs 9 ,wat]4--,,xvii41 ,gr9d+ ,col\rs 9 ,turp5t9e4 ,"p ,,iii41 ,*apt]s ,,xviii41 ,! ,uses ( ,pa9t4--,,xix41 ,te/+ & ,mat*+ ,pa9ts4--,,xx41 ,economic ,consid]ations4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,pigm5ts4 ,by ,,erne/ ,j4 ,,p>ry1 ,b4,sc1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s41 & ,j4,h4 ,,co/e1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,9 ! press4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,introductory--,composition ( ,:ite ,light--,!ory ( ,col\r1 etc4--,,ii41 ,! ,application ( ,pigm5ts--,arti/ic1 ,decorative1 ,protective ,me?ods ( ,apply+ ,pigm5ts4--,,iii41 ,:ite ,pigm5ts4--,,iv41 ,inorganic ,col\r$ ,pigm5ts4--,v41 ,organic ,pigm5ts4 ,,notes ,,on ,,lead ,,ores3 ,_! ,di/ribution & ,prop]ties4 ,by ,,jas4 ,,fairie1 ,f4,g4,s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aija4 #fd pages4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 ,abroad1 #cs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,def9itions--,prop]ties--,occurr5ce4--,, ii41 ,gal5a--,john/onite--,c]ussite--,cruse 7,:ite ,lead7--,m9ium--,r$ ,lead4-- ,,iii41 ,pyromorphite--,mimet5e--,h$iphane--,cro coise--,wulf5ite4--,vanad9ite-- ,,iv41 ,bleiglatte--,anglesite--,cal$onite--,l9 >ite--,lan>kite--,leadhillite --,susannite--,clau/halite--,cotunnite4- -,v41 ,m5dipite--,matlockite-- ,crom=dite--,nagyagite--,altaite--,melan o*roite--,vauguel9ite-- ,s*eelet9e4--,,vi41 ,plattn]ite--,tilk]odite--,raphanosmite- - ,deck5ite--,descloezite--,dufr5aysite--, ble9i]ite--,m(frasite --,geocronite--,kilbre*5ite--,s*ulzite-- ,b\lang]ite--,het]omorphite-- ,m5egh9ite--,jamesonite--,plagionite--,z 9k5ite4--,,vii41 ,kobellite-- ,b\rnonite--,sel5kupf]blei--,nussi]ite-- ,p]cylite--,wol*ite-- ,polysphracrite--,miesite4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,risks ,,& ,,dang]s ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,occupations ,,& ,,_! ,,prev5tion4 ,by ,,leon>d ,a4 ,,p>ry1 ,m4,d41 ,b4,s4 7,lond474 #aif pp41 demy #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,occupations :i* are ,accompani$ by ! ,g5]ation & ,scatt]+ ( ,abnormal ,quantities ( ,du/4--,,ii41 ,trades 9 :i* !re is ,dang] ( ,metallic ,poison+4--,,iii41 ,c]ta9 ,*emical ,trades4--,,iv41 ,"s ,miscellane\s ,occupations4--,v41 ,trades 9 :i* ,v>i\s ,poison\s ,vap\rs are ,inhal$4--,,vi41 ,g5]al ,hygi5ic ,consid]ations4--,index4 ,?is book conta9s valuable in=mation = ! foll[+ trades--,a]at$ ,wat] ,manufacture1 ,alkali ,manufacture1 ,anil9e ,manufacture1 ,b>omet] ,mak+1 ,brass ,f\nd]s1 ,brom9e ,manufacture1 ,bronze ,m\ld]s1 ,bru% ,mak+1 ,build]s1 ,cab9et ,mak]s1 ,calico ,pr9t+1 ,*loride ( ,lime ,manufacture1 ,coal ,m9]s1 ,cocoa-nut ,fibre ,mak+1 ,col\r ,gr9d]s1 ,copp] ,m9]s1 ,cotton ,goods ,manufacture1 ,cotton ,y>n ,dye+1 ,cutl]y ,trades1 ,dry ,clean+1 ,electricity ,g5]at+1 ,electroplat]s1 ,explosives ,manufacture1 ,file ,mak+1 ,fl9t ,mill+1 ,floor ,clo? ,mak]s1 ,furri]s1 ,fu/ian ,clo?+ ,mak+1 ,galvanis$ ,iron ,manufacture1 ,gass+ ,process1 ,gild]s1 ,glass ,mak+1 ,glass ,pap] ,mak+1 ,glass ,poli%+ & ,cutt+1 ,gr9d+ ,processes1 ,gunp[d] ,manufactur+1 ,gutta-p]*a ,manufacture1 ,hat ,mak]s1 ,hemp ,manufacture1 ,horn ,goods ,mak+1 ,horse-hair ,mak+1 ,hydro*loric ,acid ,manufacture1 ,india-rubb] ,manufacture1 ,iod9e ,manufacture1 ,ivory ,goods ,mak+1 ,jewell]s1 ,jute ,manufacture1 ,knife ,gr9d]s1 ,knife ,h&le ,mak]s1 ,lace ,mak]s1 ,lacqu]+1 ,lead ,melt]s1 ,lead ,m9]s1 ,lea!r ,mak+1 ,l95 ,manufacture ,l9oleum ,mak+1 ,li?ographic ,pr9t+ & ,bronz+1 ,li?ograph+1 ,masons1 ,mat* ,manufacture1 ,melanite ,mak+1 ,mirror ,mak+1 ,ne$le ,gr9d]s1 ,ne$le ,mak+1 ,nitro-b5zole ,mak+1 ,nitro-glyc]9e ,mak+1 ,pa9t ,mak]s1 ,pap] ,mak+1 ,philosophical ,in/rum5t ,mak]s1 ,photograph]s1 ,pi]ic ,acid ,mak+1 ,portl& ,cem5t ,mak+1 ,pott]y ,manufacture1 ,pr9t]s1 ,quicksilv] ,m9+1 ,rag ,pick]s1 ,razor ,gr9d]s1 ,r$ ,lead ,mak+1 ,rope ,mak+1 ,s& ,pap] ,mak+1 ,saw ,gr9d]s1 ,scissors ,gr9d]s1 ,%oddy ,manufacture1 ,%ot ,mak+1 ,silk ,mak+1 ,silv] ,m9+1 ,sk9n]s1 ,slag1 ,wood ,manufacture1 ,/eel ,mak]s1 ,/eel ,p5 ,mak+1 ,/]eotyp]s1 ,/one ,masons1 ,/raw ,hat ,mak]s1 ,sulphuric ,acid ,manufacture1 ,sweeps1 ,table-knife ,gr9d]s1 ,tann]s1 ,telegraphi/s1 ,textile ,indu/ries1 ,t9 ,m9]s1 ,turn]s1 ,type ,f\nd]s1 ,umbrella ,mak]s1 ,wall ,pap] ,mak+1 ,:ite ,lead ,mak+1 ,wood ,work+1 ,wooll5 ,manufacture1 ,wool ,sort]s1 ,z9c ,oxide ,manufacture4 ,z9c ,work+1 etc41 etc4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! language us$ is q simple1 & c be und]/ood by any intellig5t p]son engag$ 9 ! trades dealt )4--,! ,cl>ion4 ,?is is an appall+ book4 ,x %[s t !re is sc>cely a trade or occupation t has n a risk or a dang] atta*$ to x4--,local ,gov]nm5t ,j\rnal4 ,dr4 ,p>ry has n only po9t$ out ! 'risks & dang]s ( v>i\s occupations'3 he has sugge/$ means = _! prev5tion4 ,! "w is prim>ily a practical "o4--,colli]y ,manag]4 ,?is is a mo/ useful book :i* %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( all employ]s ( lab\r1 =em51 & intellig5t workm51 & is "o ( great utility to sanit>y inspectors1 & ev5 on occasion to m$ical m54--,heal?4 ,! writ] has succe$$ 9 collect+ a l>ge am\nt ( in=mation1 & ?\gh "o c\ld wi% he _h pres5t$ x 9 a r m attractive /yle1 he has c]ta9ly cond5s$ x into a v small space4--,physician & ,surgeon4 ,! little book be=e u is "o :i* w be f\nd exce$+ly useful to manufactur]s & ev5 factory inspectors4444 ,no attempt is made to %[ h[ diseases :5 orig9at$ are to be cur$1 b1 act+ on ! s\nd pr9ciple t prev5tion is bett] ?an cure1 means are /at$ h[ to avoid ! h>m4--,bri/ol ,m]cury4 ,! au?or has endeav\r$ to treat ! "q 9 simple r ?an 9 te*nical language1 & he has lucidly catalogu$ ! mo/ dang]\s trades & _! symptoms1 & 9 ea* case specifi$ ! be/ me?ods ( deal+ ) !m4444 ,to ^? = :om ! volume is specially design$1 ,dr4 ,p>ry's treatise %\ld be a useful h&book4--,%effield ,indep5d5t4 ,a v useful manual = employ]s ( lab\r1 =em51 intellig5t workm51 &1 9 spite ( ! au?or's mode/y1 = m$ical m54 ,we h ! peculi> risks & dang]s ( all ! dang]\s trades c>efully describ$2 ! mode ( action ( v>i\s *emicals1 etc41 us$ 9 diff]5t indu/ries giv51 ) full directions h[ to m9imise unavoidable risks4--,le$s ,m]cury4 ,mo/ ( ! trades 9 ! c\ntry are allud$ to1 & ^u ^? t are dang]\s ! necess>y att5tion is be/[$1 & means are recomm5d$ :]eby dang] may be prev5t$ or less5$4 ,! au?or has evid5tly /udi$ 8 subject ) c>e1 & has made full use ( ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs :o h _h a l>g] insight into ! indu/ries ( ! c\ntry4--,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal4 ,! "w is well writt5 & pr9t$1 & its v]biage su* z to be compreh5sible to ! workman no less ?an to ! ma/]4 ,! c>eful & g5]al p]usal ( a "w ( ?is nature _c b be att5d$ by b5eficial results ( a f>-rea*+ nature1 & we !re=e he>tily recomm5d ! book to our read]s4 ,m$ical ,(fic]s ( ,heal? & ,sanit>y ,inspectors especially %\ld f9d ! "w ( great int]e/4--,sanit>y ,record4 ,x is writt5 9 simple language1 & its in/ructions c be easily foll[$4444 ,!re are "s employ]s1 at any rate1 :o are m ignorant (1 ?an indiff]5t to1 ! sl[ murd] ( _! workpeople1 & if ! facts s succ9ctly set =? 9 ?is book 7 br\ght to _! notice1 & if ! ,trade ,unions made x _! bus9ess to insi/ on ! obs]vance ( ! bett] conditions ,dr4 ,p>ry describ$1 mu* might be done to less5 ! workman's p]il4--,weekly ,times & ,e*o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,practical ,x ,,ray ,,"w4 ,by ,,frank ,t4 ,,addyman1 ,b4,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,i4,c41 ,memb] ( ! ,ro5tg5 ,society ( ,london2 ,radiograph] to ,/4 ,george's ,hospital2 ,demon/rator ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry1 & ,tea*] ( ,radiography 9 ,/4 ,george's ,hospital ,m$ical ,s*ool4 ,demy #hvo4 #ab ,plates f ,photographs ( ,x ,ray ,"w4 #eb ,illu/rations4 #bjj pp4 #aija4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,hi/orical--,*apt]s ,i41 ,introduction4--,,ii41 ,"w lead+ up to ! ,discov]y ( ! ,x ,rays4--,,iii41 ,! ,discov]y4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,app>atus & its ,managem5t--,*apt]s ,i41 ,electrical ,t]ms4--,,ii41 ,s\rces ( ,electricity4--,,iii41 ,induction ,coils4--,,iv41 ,electro/atic ,ma*9es4--,v41 ,tubes4--,,vi41 ,air ,pumps4--,,vii41 ,tube ,hold]s & ,/]eoscopic ,app>atus4--,,viii41 ,fluoresc5t ,scre5s4 ,"p ,,iii41 ,practical ,x ,ray ,"w--,*apt]s ,i41 ,in/allations4--,,ii41 ,radioscopy4--,,iii41 ,radiography4--,,iv41 ,x ,rays 9 ,d5ti/ry4--,v41 ,x ,rays 9 ,*emi/ry4--,,vi41 ,x ,rays 9 ,w>4--,index4 ,li/ ( ,plates4 ,frontispiece--,cong5ital ,dislocation ( ,hip-,jo9t4--,i41 ,ne$le 9 ,f+]4--,,ii41 ,ne$le 9 ,foot4--,,iii41 ,revolv] ,bullet 9 ,calf & ,leg4--,,iv41 ,a ,me?od ( ,localisation4--,v41 ,/ellate ,fracture ( ,patella %[+ %ad[ ( ,/rapp+4--,,vi41 ,s>coma4--,,vii41 ,six-weeks'-old ,injury to ,elb[ %[+ new ,gr[? ( ,bone4--,,viii41 ,old ,fracture ( ,tibia & ,fibula badly set4--,,ix41 ,he>t ,%ad[4--,x41 ,fractur$ ,femur %[+ ,gra9 ( ,spl9t4--,,xi41 ,b>rell's ,me?od ( ,localisation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dry+ ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,air ,,& ,,/eam4 ,explanations1 ,=mul1 & ,tables = ,use 9 ,practice4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,e4 ,,hausbr&4 ,two ,diagrams & ,?irte5 ,tables4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 #gb pp4 ,price #es42 ,india & ,colonies1 #es4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #fs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,preface4--,briti% & ,metric ,sy/ems ,comp>$--,c5tigrade & ,fahr4 ,!rmomet]s4--,*apt]s ,i1 ,introduction4--,,ii41 ,e/imation ( ! ,maximum ,weight ( ,saturat$ ,aque\s ,vap\r :i* c be conta9$ 9 #a kilo4 ( ,air at ,diff]5t ,pressure & ,temp]atures4--,,iii41 ,calculation ( ! ,necess>y ,weight & ,volume ( ,air1 & ( ! ,lea/ ,exp5diture ( ,heat1 p] ,dry+ ,app>atus ) ,heat$ ,air1 at ! ,atmosph]ic ,pressure3 ,a1 ,) ! ,assumption t ! ,air is ,completely ,saturat$ ) ,vap\r bo? be=e ,entry & aft] ,exit f ! ,app>atus4--,b1 ,:5 ! ,atmosph]ic ,air is ,completely ,saturat$ be=e entry1 b at its exit is only #c_/d1 #a_/b or #a_/d ,saturat$4--,c1 ,:5 ! ,atmosph]ic ,air is n ,saturat$ ) ,moi/ure be=e ,ent]+ ! ,dry+ ,app>atus4--,,iv41 ,dry+ ,app>atus1 9 :i*1 9 ! ,dry+ ,*amb]1 a ,pressure is ,artificially ,creat$1 ,high] or ,l[] ?an t ( ! ,atmosph]e4--,v41 ,dry+ by ,means ( ,sup]heat$ ,/eam1 )\t ,air4--,,vi41 ,heat+ ,surface1 ,velocity ( ! ,air ,curr5t1 ,dim5sions ( ! ,dry+ ,room1 ,surface ( ! ,dry+ ,mat]ial1 ,losses ( ,heat4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,lea!r ,trades4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,lea!r ,,work]',s ,,manual4 ,be+ a ,comp5dium ( ,practical ,recipes & ,work+ ,=mul = ,curri]s1 ,bootmak]s1 ,lea!r ,dress]s1 ,black+ ,manufactur]s1 ,saddl]s1 ,fancy ,lea!r ,work]s1 & all ,p]sons engag$ 9 ! ,manipulation ( ,lea!r4 ,by ,h4,c4 ,,/&age4 #afe pp4 #aijj4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,black+s1 ,poli%es1 ,glosses1 ,dress+s1 ,r5ovators1 etc41 = ,boot & ,%oe ,lea!r4--,,ii41 ,h>ness ,black+s1 ,dress+s1 ,greases1 ,compositions1 ,soaps1 & ,boot-top ,p[d]s & ,liquids1 etc41 etc4--,,iii41 ,lea!r ,gr9d]s' ,sundries4--,,iv41 ,curri]'s ,season+s1 ,black+ ,comp\nds1 ,dress+s1 ,f9i%es1 ,glosses1 etc4--,v41 ,dyes & ,/a9s = ,lea!r4--,,vi41 ,miscellane\s ,in=mation4--,,vii41 ,*rome ,tannage4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! book be+ absolutely unique1 is likely to be ( exceptional value to all :om x conc]ns1 z x meets a long-felt want4--,birm+ham ,gazette4 ,?is is a valuable collection ( practical receipts & work+ =mul = ! use ( ^? engag$ 9 ! manipulation ( lea!r4 ,we h no hesitation 9 recomm5d+ x z "o ( ! be/ books ( its k9d1 an op9ion :i* w be endors$ by ^? to :om x appeals4--,liv]pool ,m]cury4 ,we ?9k we may v5ture to /ate1 s f> z ! op9ion ( ! lea!r trade "u ! ,s\!rn ,cross is conc]n$1 t x w be "o ( approval4 ,z practical m51 hav+ a long & wide exp]i5ce ( ! lea!r trade 9 ,au/ralia1 we are c]ta9 t !re are _m tann]s & curri]s c>ry+ on bus9ess 9 remote t[n%ips ( ! colonies to :om su* a manual ( practical recipes w be invaluable4444 ,?is manual is n a m]e collection ( recipes = ! v>i\s purposes to :i* !y may be appli$1 b x is also replete ) in/ructions conc]n+ ! nature ( ! mat]ials recomm5d$ to be us$ 9 mak+ up ! recipes4444 ,we ?9k e intellig5t lea!r man %\ld avail himself ( ! manual4 ,x is und\bt$ly a valuable contribution to ! te*nology ( ! lea!r trade4--,au/ralian ,lea!r ,j\rnal & ,boot & ,%oe ,record]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,lea!r ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,a4,m4 ,,villon4 ,a ,translation ( ,villon's ,trait ,pratique de la ,fabrication des cuirs et du ,travail des ,peaux4 ,by ,,frank ,t4 ,,addyman1 ,b4,,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s42 & ,correct$ by an ,em95t ,memb] ( ! ,trade4 #ejj pp41 royal #hvo4 #aija4 #abc ,illu/rations4 ,price #bas42 ,india & ,colonies1 #bbs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #bcs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,preface--,translator's ,preface--,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,"p ,i41 ,mat]ials us$ 9 ,tann+--,*apt] ,i41 ,sk9s3 ,i41 ,sk9 & its ,/ructure2 ,,ii41 ,sk9s us$ 9 ,tann+2 ,,iii41 ,v>i\s ,sk9s & _! ,uses--,*apt] ,,ii41 ,tann9 & ,tann+ ,sub/ances3 ,i41 ,tann92 ,,ii41 ,b>ks 7,oak72 ,,iii41 ,b>ks o!r ?an ,oak2 ,,iv41 ,tann+ ,woods2 ,v41 ,tann9-be>+ ,leaves2 ,,vi41 ,excresc5ces2 ,,vii41 ,tan-be>+ ,fruits2 ,,viii41 ,tan-be>+ ,roots & ,bulbs2 ,,ix41 ,tann+ ,juices3 ,x41 ,tann+ ,sub/ances us$ 9 ,v>i\s ,c\ntries2 ,,xi41 ,tann9 ,extracts2 ,,xii41 ,e/imation ( ,tann9 & ,tann9 ,pr9ciples4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,tann+--,*apt] ,i41 ,! ,in/allation ( a ,tann>y3 ,i41 ,tan ,furnaces2 ,,ii41 ,*imneys1 ,boil]s1 etc42 ,,iii41 ,/eam ,eng9es--,*apt] ,,ii41 ,gr9d+ & ,trituration ( ,tann+ ,sub/ances3 ,i41 ,cutt+ up ,b>k3 ,,ii41 ,gr9d+ ,b>k2 ,,iii41 ,! ,gr9d+ ( ,tan ,woods2 ,,iv41 ,p[d]+ ,fruit1 ,galls & ,gra9s2 ,v41 ,notes on ! ,gr9d+ ( ,b>k--,*apt] ,,iii41 ,manufacture ( ,sole ,lea!r3 ,i41 ,soak+2 ,,ii41 ,sweat+ & ,unhair+2 ,,iii41 ,plump+ & ,col\r+2 ,,iv41 ,h&l+2 ,v41 ,tann+2 ,,vi41 ,tann+ ,elephants' ,hides2 ,,vii41 ,dry+2 ,,viii41 ,/rik+ or ,p9n+--,*apt] ,,iv41 ,manufacture ( ,dress+ ,lea!r3 ,i41 ,soak+2 ,,ii41 ,depilation2 ,,iii41 ,new ,processes = ! ,depilation ( ,sk9s2 ,,iv41 ,tann+2 ,v41 ,c[ ,hides2 ,,vi41 ,horse ,hides2 ,,vii41 ,goat ,sk9s2 ,manufacture ( ,split ,hides--,*apt] ,v41 ,on ,v>i\s ,me?ods ( ,tann+3 ,i41 ,me*anical ,me?ods2 ,,ii41 ,physical ,me?ods2 ,,iii41 ,*emical ,me?ods2 ,,iv41 ,tann+ ) ,extracts--,*apt] ,,vi41 ,quantity & ,quality3 ,i41 ,quantity2 ,,ii41 ,net ,co/2 ,,iii41 ,quality ( ,lea!r--,*apt] ,,vii41 ,v>i\s ,manipulations ( ,tann$ ,lea!r3 ,i41 ,second ,tann+2 ,,ii41 ,grease ,/a9s3 ,,iii41 ,blea*+ ,lea!r2 ,,iv41 ,wat]pro(+ ,lea!r2 ,v41 ,weight+ ,tann$ ,lea!r2 ,,vi41 ,pres]vation ( ,lea!r--,*apt] ,,viii41 ,tann+ ,v>i\s ,sk9s4 ,"p ,,iii41 ,curry+--,*apt] ,i41 ,wax$ ,calf3 ,i41 ,prep>ation2 ,,ii41 ,%av+2 ,,iii41 ,/ret*+ or ,slick+2 ,,iv41 ,oil+ ! ,gra93 ,v41 ,oil+ ! ,fle% ,side2 ,,vi41 ,:it5+ & ,gra9+2 ,,vii41 ,wax+2 ,,viii41 ,f9i%+2 ,,ix41 ,dry ,f9i%+2 ,x41 ,f9i%+ 9 ,col\r2 ,,xi41 ,co/--,*apt] ,,ii41 ,:ite ,calf3 ,i41 ,f9i%+ 9 ,:ite--,*apt] ,,iii41 ,c[ ,hide = ,upp] ,lea!rs3 ,i41 ,black ,c[ ,hide2 ,,ii41 ,:ite ,c[ ,hide2 ,,iii41 ,col\r$ ,c[ ,hide4--,*apt] ,,iv41 ,smoo? ,c[ ,hide--,*apt] ,v41 ,black ,lea!r--,*apt] ,,vi41 ,miscellane\s ,hides3 ,i41 ,horse2 ,,ii41 ,goat2 ,,iii41 ,wax$ ,goat ,sk93 ,,iv41 ,matt ,goat ,sk9--,*apt] ,,vii41 ,russia ,lea!r3 ,i41 ,russia ,lea!r2 ,,ii41 ,artificial ,russia ,lea!r4 ,"p ,,iv41 ,enamell$1 ,hung>y & ,*amoy ,lea!r1 ,morocco1 ,p>*m5t1 ,furs & ,artificial ,lea!r--,*apt] ,i41 ,enamell$ ,lea!r3 ,i41 ,v>ni% ,manufacture2 ,,ii41 ,application ( ! ,enamel2 ,,iii41 ,enamell+ 9 ,col\r--,*apt] ,,ii41 ,hung>y ,lea!r3 ,i41 ,prelim9>y2 ,,ii41 ,wet ,"w or ,prep>ation2 ,,iii41 ,alum+2 ,,iv41 ,dress+ or ,l(t ,"w2 ,v41 ,tall[+2 ,,vi41 ,hung>y ,lea!r f ,v>i\s ,hides--,*apt] ,,iii41 ,taw+3 ,i41 ,prep>atory ,op]ations2 ,,ii41 ,dress+2 ,,iii41 ,dye+ ,taw$ ,sk9s2 ,,iv41 ,rugs--,*apt] ,,iv41 ,*amoy ,lea!r--,*apt] ,v41 ,morocco3 ,i41 ,prelim9>y ,op]ations2 ,,ii41 ,morocco ,tann+2 ,,iii41 ,mordants us$ 9 ,morocco ,manufacture2 ,,iv41 ,natural ,col\rs us$ 9 ,morocco ,dye+2 ,v41 ,artificial ,col\rs2 ,,vi4 ,diff]5t ,me?ods ( ,dye+2 ,,vii41 ,dye+ ) ,natural ,col\rs2 ,,viii41 ,dye+ ) ,anil9e ,col\rs2 ,,ix41 ,dye+ ) ,metallic ,salts2 ,x41 ,lea!r ,pr9t+2 ,,xi41 ,f9i%+ ,morocco2 ,,xii41 ,%agre52 ,,xiii41 ,bronz$ ,lea!r--,*apt] ,,vi41 ,gild+ & ,silv]+3 ,i41 ,gild+2 ,,ii41 ,silv]+2 ,,iii41 ,nickel & ,cobalt--,*apt] ,,vii41 ,p>*m5t--,*apt] ,,viii41 ,furs & ,furri]y3 ,i41 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks2 ,,ii41 ,indig5\s ,furs2 ,,iii41 ,=eign ,furs f ,hot ,c\ntries2 ,,iv41 ,=eign ,furs f ,cold ,c\ntries2 ,v41 ,furs f ,birds' ,sk9s2 ,,vi41 ,prep>ation ( ,furs2 ,,vii41 ,dress+2 ,,viii41 ,col\r+2 ,,ix41 ,prep>ation ( ,birds' ,sk9s2 ,x41 ,pres]vation ( ,furs--,*apt] ,,ix41 ,artificial ,lea!r3 ,i41 ,lea!r made f ,scraps2 ,,ii41 ,compress$ ,lea!r2 ,,iii41 ,am]ican ,clo?2 ,,iv41 ,papi] ,m*2 ,v41 ,l9oleum3 ,,vi41 ,artificial ,lea!r4 ,"p ,v41 ,lea!r ,te/+ & ! ,!ory ( ,tann+--,*apt] ,i41 ,te/+ & ,analysis ( ,lea!r3 ,i41 ,physical ,te/+ ( ,tann$ ,lea!r3 ,,ii41 ,*emical ,analysis--,*apt] ,,ii41 ,! ,!ory ( ,tann+ & ! o!r ,op]ations ( ! ,lea!r & ,sk9 ,indu/ry3 ,i41 ,!ory ( ,soak+2 ,,ii41 ,!ory ( ,unhair+2 ,,iii41 ,!ory ( ,swell+2 ,,iv41 ,!ory ( ,h&l+2 ,v41 ,!ory ( ,tann+2 ,,vi41 ,!ory ( ! ,action ( ,tann9 on ! ,sk92 ,,vii41 ,!ory ( ,hung>y ,lea!r ,mak+2 ,,viii41 ,!ory ( ,taw+2 ,,ix41 ,!ory ( ,*amoy ,lea!r ,mak+2 ,x41 ,!ory ( ,m9]al ,tann+4 ,"p ,,vi41 ,uses ( ,lea!r--,*apt] ,i41 ,ma*9e ,belts3 ,i41 ,manufacture ( ,belt+2 ,,ii41 ,lea!r ,*a9 ,belts2 ,,iii41 ,v>i\s ,belts1 ,,iv41 ,use ( ,belts--,*apt] ,,ii41 ,boot & ,%oe-mak+3 ,i41 ,boots & ,%oes2 ,,ii41 ,laces--,*apt] ,,iii41 ,saddl]y3 ,i41 ,composition ( a ,saddle2 ,,ii41 ,con/ruction ( a ,saddle--,*apt] ,,iv41 ,h>ness3 ,i41 ,! ,pack ,saddle2 ,,ii41 ,h>ness--,*apt] ,v41 ,milit>y ,equipm5t--,*apt] ,,vi41 ,glove ,mak+--,*apt] ,,vii41 ,c>riage ,build+--,*apt] ,,viii41 ,me*anical ,uses4 ,app5dix1 ,! ,_w's ,comm]ce 9 ,lea!r--,i41 ,europe2 ,,ii41 ,am]ica2 ,,iii41 ,asia2 ,,iv41 ,africa2 ,au/ralasia--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! book is well & lucidly writt54 ,! writ] is evid5tly a practical man1 :o also has tak5 ! tr\ble to make himself acqua9t$ ) ! sci5tific & te*nical side ( 8 trade 444 ,fr5* me?ods diff] l>gely f our own3 sometimes we ?9k our ways ! be/1 b n always4 ,! practical man may pick up _m useful h9ts :i* may help him to improve 8 me?ods4 --,%oe ,manufactur]s' ,mon?ly ,j\rnal4 ,?is book _c fail to be ( great value to all engag$ 9 ! lea!r trades 444 ,! ,briti% may believe t ! ,fr5* c tea* !m no?+ 9 ! "w ( lea!r tann+ g5]ally1 b a comp>ison ( ! me?ods ( ! two c\ntries w c]ta9ly yield a few wr9kles :i* may lead to advantage\s results4 ,only a man und]/&+ ! sci5ce & te*nique ( ! trade c\ld h writt5 ! book1 & x is well done4 --,midl& ,free ,press4 ,gives mu* useful & int]e/+ in=mation conc]n+ ! v>i\s processes by :i* ! sk9s ( animals are conv]t$ into lea!r4 ,writt5 by a ,fr5* ,*emi/ aft] five ye>s ( con/ant /udy & application3 x %[s all t detail ( analysis :i* we are accu/om$ to f9d 9 sci5ti/s1 & :i* ! practical tann] is too mu* 9 ! habit ( ignor+1 sometimes to 8 own loss4 --,le$s ,m]cury4 ,nor c !re be mu* d\bt t ?is expectation w be fully ju/ifi$ by ! result4 ,?anks to ! conspicu\s pa9/ak+ ) :i* ,mr4 ,addyman has dis*>g$ 8 duty1 & ! #abc illu/rations by :i* ! text is elucidat$1 ! volume c h>dly fail to prove a v valuable /&>d "w ( its class4 ,x c ?us be confid5tly recomm5d$ to all :o are m or less practically int]e/$ 9 ! te*nology ( a v important subject4--,leice/] ,po/4 ,?is is1 9 e respect1 an altoge!r admirable1 practical1 cle> & lucid treatise on ! v>i\s & num]\s bran*es ( ! great lea!r indu/ry1 ( :i* x deals 9 an exhau/ive1 highly intellig5t1 workmanlike & sci5tific mann] 444 ,x is a h&some addition to e man's k ( 8 trade1 :e!r he be a lead+ director ( a l>ge public company1 or an indu/ri\s employee 9 ! works1 wi%+ to improve 8 s]vices by ! addition ( 8 bra9s to 8 "w4 --,%oe & ,lea!r ,trad]4 ,m4 ,villon writes z "o hav+ a v full k ( all bran*es ( ! subject1 & 9 days :5 =eign competition has en=c$ on ,engli% manufactur]s ! importance ( no long] be+ cont5t ) rule-(-?umb me?ods :i* h come d[n to !m f _! =efa!rs x c]ta9ly %\ld be wor? ! :ile ( ,engli% tann]s to see :at lessons !y c le>n f ,fr5* practice1 & ,fr5* practice1 we %\ld imag9e1 c\ld h>dly h a bett] expon5t ?an ! au?or ( ?is l>ge volume4 --,we/]n ,daily ,press & ,bri/ol ,times4 ,at a "t :5 all or ne>ly all our ,briti% indu/ries are to a great] or less ext5t hamp]$ by ! pressure ( cont95tal & ,am]ican competition1 any h9ts t c be obta9$ z to ! me?ods pursu$ by competitors mu/ necess>ily be ( value 444 ,t x w be ( int]e/ & value1 n m]ely to ,engli% tann]s1 b to ^? associat$ ) _m k9dr$ indu/rial bran*es1 goes )\t say+ 444 ,z a "w ( ref]5ce ! volume w be extremely useful 9 ! trade1 & :]e leisure af=ds suffici5t opportunity a c>eful p]usal & /udy ( x w\ld af=d ample rew>d4 --,kett]+ ,gu>dian4 ,?is is a v h&somely got up & elaborate "w j issu$ by ?is well-kn[n te*nical book-publi%+ firm 444 ,:5 we say t ! "w consi/s ( ov] #ejj l>ge pages ) ab\t #abj illu/rations1 & almo/ innum]able tables1 x w be se5 at once t we _c attempt any?+ l an exhau/ive resume ( its cont5ts1 & ev5 if we did ! details w\ld be ( little int]e/ to our g5]al read]s1 :ile ^? :o are engag$ 9 ! lea!r indu/ry w probably obta9 ! book = !mselves--at lea/ !y w\ld d well to d s4444 ,altoge!r ! ',treatise' has evid5tly be5 v c>efully prep>$1 & by a man :o ?or\ghly kn[s ! subject1 & h5ce x w be a v valuable te*nical book = ,engli% firms & work]s4'--,walsall ,obs]v]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,books on ,pott]y1 ,bricks1 ,tiles1 ,glass1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,manual ,,( ,,practical ,,pott+4 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,?ird ,edition4 #bjj pp4 #aija4 ,price #ags4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #ahs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #bjs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction4 ,! ,rise & ,progress ( ! ,pott]'s ,art4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,bodies4 ,*9a & ,porcela9 ,bodies1 ,p>ian ,bodies1 ,semi-porcela9 & ,vitre\s ,bodies1 ,mort> ,bodies1 ,e>!nw>es ,granite & ,c4,c4 ,bodies1 ,miscellane\s ,bodies1 ,sagg] & ,crucible ,clays1 ,col\r$ ,bodies1 ,jasp] ,bodies1 ,col\r$ ,bodies = ,mosaic ,pa9t+1 ,encau/ic ,tile ,bodies1 ,body ,/a9s1 ,col\r$ ,dips4--,,ii41 ,glazes4 ,*9a ,glazes1 ,iron/one ,glazes1 ,e>!nw>e ,glazes1 ,glazes )\t ,lead1 ,miscellane\s ,glazes1 ,col\r$ ,glazes1 ,majolica ,col\rs4--,,iii41 ,gold & ,cold ,col\rs4 ,gold1 ,purple ( ,cassius1 ,m>one & ,ruby1 ,enamel ,col\r$ ,bases1 ,enamel ,col\r ,fluxes1 ,enamel ,col\rs1 ,mix$ ,enamel ,col\rs1 ,antique & ,vellum ,enamel ,col\rs1 ,und]glaze ,col\rs1 ,und]glaze ,col\r ,fluxes1 ,mix$ ,und]glaze ,col\rs1 ,fl[ ,p[d]s1 ,oils & ,v>ni%es4--,,iv41 ,means & ,me?ods4 ,reclamation ( ,wa/e ,gold1 ,! ,use ( ,cobalt1 ,notes on ,enamel ,col\rs1 ,liquid or ,bright ,gold4--,v41 ,classification & ,analysis4 ,classification ( ,clay ,w>e1 ,"l ,playfair's ,analysis ( ,clays1 ,! ,m>kets ( ! ,_w1 ,"t & ,scale ( ,fir+1 ,weights ( ,pott]'s ,mat]ial1 ,decorat$ ,goods ,c\nt4--,,vi41 ,comp>ative ,loss ( ,weight ( ,clays4--,,vii41 ,gr\nd ,felsp> ,calculations4--,,viii41 ,! ,conv]sion ( ,slop ,body ,recipes into ,dry ,weight4--,,ix41 ,! ,co/ ( ,prep>$ ,e>!nw>e ,clay4--,x41 ,=ms & ,tables4 ,articles ( ,appr5tice%ip1 ,manufactur]'s ,guide to ,/ocktak+1 ,table ( ,relative ,values ( ,pott]'s ,mat]ials1 ,h\rly ,wages ,table1 ,workman's ,settl+ ,table1 ,comp>ative ,guide = ,e>!nw>e & ,*9a ,manufactur]s 9 ! use ( ,slop ,fl9t & ,slop ,/one1 ,=eign ,t]ms appli$ to ,e>!nw>e & ,*9a ,goods1 ,table = ! ,conv]sion ( ,metrical ,weights & ,measures on ! ,cont95t ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,c]amic ,,te*nology3 ,be+ "s ,aspects ( ,te*nical ,sci5ce z ,appli$ to ,pott]y ,manufacture4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les ,f4 ,,b9ns4 #ajj pp4 #ahig4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #acs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,preface4--,introduction4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,pott]y4--,,ii41 ,analysis & ,syn!sis4--,,iii41 ,clays & _! ,compon5ts4--,,iv41 ,! ,biscuit ,ov54--,v41 ,pyrometry4--,,vi41 ,glazes & _! ,composition4--,,vii41 ,col\rs & ,col\r-mak+4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,recipes ,,= ,,fl9t ,,glass ,,mak+4 ,by a ,briti% ,glass ,ma/] & ,mix]4 ,sixty ,recipes4 ,be+ ,leaves f ! ,mix+ ,book ( sev]al exp]ts 9 ! ,fl9t ,glass ,trade1 conta9+ up-to-date recipes & valuable in=mation z to ,cry/al1 ,demi-cry/al & ,col\r$ ,glass 9 its _m v>ieties4 ,x conta9s ! recipes = *eap metal suit$ to press+1 bl[+1 etc41 z well z ! mo/ co/ly cry/al & ruby4 ,briti% manufactur]s h kept up ! quality ( ?is glass f ! arrivals ( ! ,v5etians to ,hungry ,hill1 ,/\rbridge1 up to ! pres5t "t4 ,! book also conta9s rem>ks z to ! result ( ! metal z x left ! pots by ! respective metal mix]s1 tak5 f _! own memor&a ^u ! orig9als4 #aijj4 ,price = ,unit$ ,k+dom1 #ajs4 #f;d42 ,abroad4 #aes42 ,unit$ ,/ates1 #hd2 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,ruby--,ruby f ,copp]--,fl9t = us+ ) ! ,ruby = ,coat+--,a ,g]man ,metal --,cornelian1 or ,alaba/]--,sapphire ,blue--,crysophis--,opal--,turquoise ,blue--,gold ,col\r --,d>k ,gre5--,gre5 7common7--,gre5 = ,mala*ite--,blue = ,mala*ite--,black = ,mela*ite --,black--,common ,can>y ,bat*--,can>y--,:ite ,opaque ,glass--,seal+-wax ,r$ --,fl9t--,fl9t ,glass 7,cry/al & ,demi7--,a*romatic ,glass--,pa/e ,glass--,:ite ,enamel --,fire/one--,dead ,:ite 7= moons7--,:ite ,agate--,can>y--,can>y ,enamel--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,col\r+ ,,& ,,decoration ,,( ,,c]amic ,,w>e4 ,by ,,alex4 ,,brongni>t4 ,) ,notes & ,additions by ,,alphonse ,,salvetat4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 #bjj pp4 #ahih4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,pa/es1 ,bodies or ,c]amic ,articles ,capable ( be+ ,decorat$ by ,vitrifiable ,col\rs--,! ,*emical ,prep>ation ( ,vitrifiable ,col\rs--,composition & ,prep>ation ( ,vitrifiable ,col\rs--,! ,oxides--,prep>ation ( ,oxides--,prep>ation ( ,*romates--,prep>ation ( o!r ,col\rs--,composition & ,prep>ation ( ,fluxes--,muffle ,col\rs--,recipes = ,col\rs--,use ( ,metals--,lu/res--,prep>ation & ,application ( ,col\rs--,composition ( ,col\r$ ,pa/es--,und]glaze ,col\rs--,col\rs 9 ! ,glaze--,ov]glaze ,col\rs--,pa9t+ 9 ,vitrifiable ,col\rs--,gild+--,burni%+--,pr9t+--,enl> g+ & ,r$uc+ ,gelat9e ,pr9ts--,muffle ,kilns = ,vitrifiable ,col\rs--,influ5ce ( ! ,mat]ial on ! ,col\r--,*anges ,result+ f ! ,actions ( ! ,fire--,alt]ations ,result+ f ! ,col\rs--,alt]ations 9 ,fir+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h[ ,,to ,,analyse ,,clay4 ,practical ,me?ods = ,practical ,m54 ,by ,,hold5 ,m4 ,,a%by1 ,pr(essor ( ,organic ,*emi/ry1 ,h>vey ,m$ical ,college1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,tw5ty ,illu/rations4 #ahih4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 ,abroad1 #cs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,li/ ( ,app>atus--,li/ ( ,atomic ,weights--,use ( ,balance1 & ,burette1 ,s& ,ba?1 & ,wat] ,ba?--,dessicator--,dry+ ,ov5--,filt]+--,fusion--,det]m9ation ( ,wat]1 ,organic ,matt]1 ,iron1 ,calcium1 ,alkalies1 ,lime/one1 ,silica1 ,alum9a1 ,magnesium1 etc4--,me*anical ,analysis--,rational ,analysis--,/&>d ,solutions--,volumetric ,analysis--,/&>ds = ,clay ,analysis--,sampl+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ar*itectural ,,pott]y4 ,bricks1 ,tiles1 ,pipes1 ,enamell$ ,t]ra-cottas1 ,ord9>y & ,incru/$ ,qu>ries1 ,/onew>e ,mosaics1 ,fai5ces & ,ar*itectural ,/onew>e4 ,by ,,leon ,,l\vre4 ,) ,five ,plates4 #iej ,illu/rations 9 ! ,text1 & num]\s e/imates4 #ejj pp41 royal #hvo4 #aijj4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,k4 ,h4 ,,bird1 ,m4,a41 & ,w4 ,,moore ,,b9ns4 ,price #aes42 ,india & ,colonies1 #afs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #ags4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i4 ,pla9 ,undecorat$ ,pott]y4--,*apt] ,i41 ,clays3 #a1 ,classification1 ,g5]al ,geological ,rem>ks4--,classification1 ,orig91 ,locality2 #b1 ,g5]al ,prop]ties & ,composition3 ,physical ,prop]ties1 ,contraction1 ,analysis1 ,influ5ce ( ,v>i\s ,sub/ances on ! ,prop]ties ( ,clays2 #c1 ,work+ ( ,clay-,pits--,i4 ,op5 ,pits3 ,extraction1 ,transport1 ,co/--,,ii4 ,und]gr\nd ,pits--,m9+ ,laws4 ,*apt] ,,ii41 ,prep>ation ( ! ,clay3 ,wea!r+1 ,mix+1 ,clean+1 ,cru%+ & ,pulv]is+--,cru%+ ,cyl9d]s & ,mills1 ,p\nd+ ,ma*9es--,damp+3 ,damp+ ,ma*9es--,soak+1 ,%ort5+1 ,pugg+3 ,horse & ,/eam ,pug-,mills1 ,roll+ ,cyl9d]s--,p>ticul>s ( ! ,above ,ma*9es4 ,*apt] ,,iii41 ,bricks3 #a1 ,manufacture--7#a7 ,h& & ,ma*9e ,m\ld+1--,i4 ,ma*9es ,work+ by ,compression3 on ,s(t ,clay1 on ,semi-,firm ,clay1 on ,firm ,clay1 on ,dry ,clay4--,,ii4 ,expression ,ma*9es3 ) ,cyl9drical ,propell]s1 ) ,screw ,propell]s--,dies--,cutt+-tables--,p>tic ul>s ( ! ,above ,ma*9es--,g5]al ,rem>ks on ! ,*oice ( ,ma*9es--,types ( ,in/allations--,e/imates--,pl5i%+1 ,h& & ,/eam ,presses1 ,p>ticul>s--7#b7 ,dry+1 by ,exposure to ,air1 ,)\t ,%elt]1 & ,"u ,%$s--,dry+-rooms 9 ,ti]s1 ,clos$ ,dry+-rooms1 9 ,tunnels1 9 ,gall]ies--,detail$ ,e/imates ( ! ,v>i\s ,dry+-rooms1 ,comp>ison ( ,prices--,transport f ! ,ma*9es to ! ,dry+-rooms1 ,b>r[s1 ,trucks1 ,pla9 or ) ,%elves1 ,lifts--7#c7 ,fir+--,i4 ,9 ,clamps--,,ii4 ,9 ,int]mitt5t ,kilns4 ,a1 ,op53 a1 us+ ,wood2 b ,coal2 b1 9 ,clamps2 b1 ,flame--,b1 ,clos$3 c1 ,direct ,flame2 c1 ,rectangul>2 c1 ,r\nd2 d1 ,rev]b]atory--,,iii4 ,cont9u\s ,kilns3 ,c1 ) ,solid ,fuel3 ,r\nd ,kiln1 ,rectangul> ,kiln1 ,*imneys 7,plans & ,e/imates7--,d1 ,) ,gas ,fuel1 ,fill>d ,kiln 7,plans & ,e/imates71 ,s*neid] ,kiln 7,plans & ,e/imates71 ,wat]-gas ,kiln--,heat ,production ( ! ,kilns2 #b1 ,dim5sions1 ,%apes1 ,col\rs1 ,decoration1 & ,quality ( ,bricks--,holl[ ,bricks1 ,dim5sions & ,prices ( ,bricks1 ,v>i\s ,%apes1 ,qualities--,v>i\s ,holl[ ,bricks1 ,dim5sions1 ,resi/ance1 ,qualities2 #c1 ,applications --,hi/ory--,asia1 ,africa1 ,am]ica1 ,europe3 ,greek1 ,roman1 ,byzant9e1 ,turki%1 ,romanesque1 ,go?ic1 ,r5aissance1 ,ar*itecture--,ar*itecture ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury3 9 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 ,belgium1 ,spa91 ,holl&1 ,france1 ,am]ica--,use ( ,bricks--,walls1 ,ar*es1 ,pavem5ts1 ,flues1 ,cornices--,fac+ ) ,col\r$ ,bricks--,balu/rades4 ,*apt] ,,iv41 ,tiles3 #a1 ,hi/ory2 #b1 ,manufacture--7#a7 ,m\ld+1 by ,h&1 by ,ma*9]y3 ,prep>ation ( ! ,clay1 ,s(t ,pa/e1 ,firm ,pa/e1 ,h>d ,pa/e--,prep>ation ( ! ,slabs1 ,trans=mation into ,flat ,tiles1 into ,jo9t$ ,tiles--,screw1 ,cam & ,revolv] ,presses--,p>ticul>s ( ,tile-presses--7#b7 ,dry+--,plan*ettes1 ,%elves1 ,dry+-b>r[s & ,trucks--7#c7 ,fir+--,divid$ ,kilns--,in/allation ( ,me*anical ,tileworks--,e/imates2 #c1 ,%apes1 ,dim5sions & ,uses ( ! ,pr9cipal ,types ( ,tile--,anci5t ,tiles3 ,flat1 ,r\nd1 ,roman1 ,flemi%--,mod]n ,tiles--,) ,v]tical ,int]rupt$ ,jo93 ,gil>doni's1 ,m>t9's2 ,hook$1 ,b\let's ,villa2 ) ,v]tical ,cont9u\s ,jo93 ,mull]'s1 ,alsace1 ,pantile--,=eign ,tiles--,special ,tiles--,ridge ,tiles1 ,cop+ ,tiles1 ,bord] ,tiles1 ,frontons1 ,gutt]s1 ,antefixes1 ,membron1 ,angul>--,ro(+ ,accessories3 ,*imney-pots1 ,mitrons1 ,lant]ns1 ,*imneys--,qualities ( ,tiles--,black ,tiles--,/onew>e ,tiles--,p>ticul>s ( ,tiles4 ,*apt] ,v41 ,pipes3 ,i4 ,conduit ,pipes--,manufacture--,m\ld+3 ,horizontal ,ma*9es1 ,v]tical ,ma*9es1 ,work$ by ,h& & ,/eam--,p>ticul>s ( ^! ,ma*9es--,dry+--,fir+--,,ii4 ,*imney ,flues--,v5tiducts & ,boisseaux1 ,waggons--,p>ticul>s ( ^! ,products4 ,*apt] ,,vi41 ,qu>ries3 #a1 ,pla9 ,qu>ries ( ,ord9>y ,clay2 #b1 ( ,clean$ ,clay--,ma*9es1 ,cutt+1 ,mix+1 ,poli%+--,dry+ & ,fir+--,applications--,p>ticul>s ( ,qu>ries4 ,*apt] ,,vii41 ,t]ra-cotta3 ,hi/ory--,manufacture--,application3 ,balu/rades1 ,columns1 ,pila/]s1 ,capitals1 ,friezes1 ,frontons1 ,m$allions1 ,panels1 ,rose-w9d[s1 ,ceil+s--,app5dix3 ,(ficial ,me?ods ( ,te/+ ,t]ra-cottas4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,made-up or ,decorat$ ,pott]y4--,*apt] ,i41 ,g5]al ,rem>ks on ! ,decoration ( ,pott]y3 ,dips--,glazes3 ,composition1 ,col\r+1 ,prep>ation1 ,h>mony ) ,pa/es--,special ,processes ( ,decoration--,enamels1 ,opaque1 ,transp>5t1 ,col\rs1 ,und]glaze1 ,ov]glaze--,o!r ,processes3 ,crackl+1 ,mottl$1 ,fla%+1 ,metallic ,iridesc5ce1 ,lu/res4 ,*apt] ,,ii41 ,glaz$ & ,enamell$ ,bricks--,hi/ory3 ,glaz+--,enamell+--,applications3 ,ord9>y ,enamell$ ,bricks1 ,glaz$ ,/onew>e1 ,enamell$ ,/onew>e--,enamell$ ,tiles4 ,*apt] ,,iii41 ,decorat$ ,qu>ries3 ,i4 ,pav+ ,qu>ries--#a1 ,decorat$ ) ,dips--#b1 ,/onew>e3 ,a1 ,fir$ to ,/onew>e3 a1 ( ,slag ,base--,applications2 b1 ( ,melt+ ,clay--,applications--,b1 ,pla9 or ,incru/$ ,/onew>e2 a1 ( ,special ,clay 7,/oke-on-,tr5t7--,manufacture--,applica tion--b1 ( ,felsp> ,base--,col\r+1 ,manufacture1 ,m\ld+1 ,dry+1 ,fir+--,applications4--,,ii4 ,fac+ ,qu>ries--#a1 9 ,fai5ce--,a1 ( ,lime/one ,pa/e--,b1 ( ,silici\s ,pa/e--,c1 ( ,felsp> ,pa/e--,manufacture1 ,fir+--#b1 ( ,glaz$ ,/onew>e--#c1 ( ,porcela9--,applications ( ,fac+ ,qu>ries4--,,iii4 ,/ove ,qu>ries--,prep>ation ( ! ,pa/es1 ,m\ld+1 ,fir+1 ,enamell+1 ,decoration--,applications--,fai5ces = ,fireplaces4 ,*apt] ,,iv41 ,ar*itectural ,decorat$ ,pott]y3 #a1 ,fai5ces2 #b1 ,/onew>e2 #c1 ,porcela94 ,*apt] ,v41 ,sanit>y ,pott]y3 ,/onew>e ,pipes3 ,manufacture1 ,fir+--,applications--,s9ks--,applicatio ns--,ur9als1 ,seats & ,pans--,applications--,dr9k+-f\nta9s1 ,wa%/&s4 ,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,c]amic ,,indu/ries4 ,a ,complete ,manual = ,pott]y1 ,tile & ,brick ,works4 ,by ,,emile ,,b\rry1 ,+nieur des ,arts et ,manufactures4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,,wilton ,p4 ,,rix1 ,exam9] 9 ,pott]y & ,porcela9 to ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,te*nical ,in/itute1 ,pott]y ,in/ructor to ! ,hanley ,s*ool ,bo>d4 ,royal #hvo4 #aija4 ,ov] #gjj pp4 ,price #bas42 ,india & ,colonies1 #bbs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #bcs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,g5]al ,pott]y ,me?ods4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,def9ition & ,hi/ory4 ,def9itions & ,classification ( ,c]amic ,products--,hi/oric ,summ>y ( ! ,c]amic ,art4--,,ii41 ,raw ,mat]ials ( ,bodies4 ,clays3 ,pure ,clay & ,natural ,clays--,v>i\s ,raw ,mat]ials3 ,analog\s to ,clay--,agglom]ative & ,agglut9ative--,op5+--,fusible--,refract ory--,trials ( ,raw ,mat]ials4--,,iii41 ,pla/ic ,bodies4 ,prop]ties & ,composition--,prep>ation ( ,raw ,mat]ials3 ,disaggregation--,purification--,prep>at ion ( ,bodies3 ,by ,pla/ic ,me?od--,by ,dry ,me?od--,by ,liquid ,me?od4--,,iv41 ,=mation4 ,processes ( ,=mation3 ,?r[+--,expression--,m\ld+ by ,h&1 on ! ,jolley1 by ,compression1 by ,slip ,ca/+--,slapp+--,slipp+4--,v41 ,dry+4 ,dry+ ( ,bodies--,processes ( ,dry+3 ,by ,evaporation--,by ,a]ation--,by ,heat+--,by ,v5tilation--,by ,absorption4--,,vi41 ,glazes4 ,composition & ,prop]ties--,raw ,mat]ials--,manufacture & ,application4--,,vii41 ,fir+4 ,prop]ties ( ! ,bodies & ,glazes dur+ ,fir+--,description ( ! ,kilns--,work+ ( ! ,kilns4--,,viii41 ,decoration4 ,col\r+ ,mat]ials--,processes ( ,decoration4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,special ,pott]y ,me?ods4 ,*apt]s ,,ix41 ,t]ra ,cottas4 ,classification3 ,pla9 ,ord9>y1 ,holl[1 ,ornam5tal1 ,vitrifi$1 & ,light ,bricks--,ord9>y & ,black ,tiles--,pav+ ,tiles--,pipes--,ar*itectural ,t]ra ,cottas--,vases1 ,/atues & ,decorative ,objects--,common ,pott]y--,pott]y = ,wat] & ,filt]s--,tobacco ,pipes--,lu/re ,w>e--,prop]ties & ,te/s = ,t]ra ,cottas4--,x41 ,fireclay ,goods4 ,classification3 ,argillace\s1 ,alum9\s1 ,c>bonif]\s1 ,silici\s & ,basic ,fireclay ,goods--,fireclay ,mort> 7,pug7--,te/s = ,fireclay ,goods4--,,xi4 ,fai5ces4 ,v>ni%$ ,fai5ces--,enamell$ ,fai5ces--,silici\s ,fai5ces--,pipeclay ,fai5ces--,pebble ,"w--,feldspa?ic ,fai5ces--,composition1 ,processes ( ,manufacture & ,g5]al ,arrangem5ts ( ,fai5ce ,pott]ies4--,,xii41 ,/onew>e4 ,/onew>e ,prop]ly ,s-call$3 ,pav+ ,tiles--,pipes--,sanit>y ,w>e--,/onew>e = ,food ,purposes & ,*emical ,productions--,ar*itectural ,/onew>e--,vases1 ,/atues & o!r ,decorative ,objects--,f9e ,/onew>e4--,,xiii41 ,porcela94 ,h>d ,porcela9 = ,table ,w>e & ,decoration1 = ! ,fire1 = ,electrical ,conduits1 = ,me*anical ,purposes2 ,ar*itectural ,porcela91 & ,dull or ,biscuit ,porcela9--,s(t ,phosphat$ or ,engli% ,porcela9--,s(t ,vitre\s ,porcela91 ,fr5* & ,new ,sevres--,argillace\s ,s(t or ,seg]'s ,porcela9--,dull ,s(t or ,p>ian ,porcela9--,dull ,feldspa?ic ,s(t ,porcela94--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,rivet+ ,,glass1 ,,*9a ,,& ,,e>!nw>e4 ,by ,j4 ,,h[>?4 ,second ,edition4 #aijj4 ,price #as4 net2 by po/1 home or abroad1 #as4 #a;d4 ,cont5ts4 ,tools & ,mat]ials ,requir$--,wire ,us$ = ,rivets--,sold]+ ,solution--,prep>ation = ,drill+--,comm5cem5t ( ,drill+--,cem5t+--,prelim9>ies to ,rivet+--,rivets to ,make--,to ,fix ! ,rivets--,?r\gh-&-?r\gh ,rivets--,sold]+--,t9n+ a ,sold]+-iron--,p]=at$ ,plates1 ,h&les1 etc4--,h&les ( ,ew]s1 etc4--,vases & ,comports--,m>ble & ,alaba/] ,w>e--,decorat+--,h[ to ,loos5 ,fa/ ,decant] ,/opp]s--,*9a ,cem5ts4 ,,notes ,,( ,,pott]y ,,clays4 ,_! ,di/ribution1 ,prop]ties1 ,uses & ,analyses ( ,ball ,clays1 ,*9a ,clays & ,*9a ,/one4 ,by ,,jas4 ,,fairie1 ,f4,g4,s4 #aija4 #acb pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #cs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #ds42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #ds4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,def9itions--,occurr5ce--,brick ,clays--,fire ,clays--,analyses ( ,fire ,clays4--,ball ,clays--,prop]ties--,analyses--,occurr5c e--,pipe ,clay--,black ,clay--,br[n ,clay--,blue ,clay--,dorset%ire & ,devon%ire ,clays4--,*9a ,clay or ,kaol9--,occurr5ce--,*9ese ,kaol9--,corni% ,clays--,h5sb>r[ ,granite--,prop]ties1 ,analyses & ,composition ( ,*9a ,clays--,me?od ( ,obta9+ ,*9a ,clay--,exp]im5ts ) ,*9ese ,kaol9--,analyses ( ,*9ese & ,japanese ,clays & ,bodies--,iri% ,clays4--,*9ese ,/one--,composition--,occurr5ce--,analys es4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pa9t+ ,,on ,,glass ,,& ,,porcela9 ,,& ,,enamel ,,pa9t+4 ,a ,complete ,introduction to ! ,prep>ation ( all ! ,col\rs & ,fluxes us$ = ,pa9t+ on ,porcela91 ,enamel1 ,fai5ce & ,/onew>e1 ! ,col\r$ ,pa/es & ,col\r$ ,glasses1 toge!r ) a ,m9ute ,description ( ! ,fir+ ( ,col\rs & ,enamels4 ,on ! ,basis ( ,p]sonal ,practical ,exp]i5ce ( ! ,condition ( ! ,art up to ,date4 ,by ,,felix ,,h]mann1 ,te*nical ,*emi/4 ,) ,eighte5 ,illu/rations4 #cjj pp4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man second & enl>g$ ,edition4 #ahig4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,hi/ory ( ,glass ,pa9t+4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,! ,articles to be ,pa9t$3 ,glass1 ,porcela91 ,enamel1 ,/onew>e1 ,fai5ce4--,,ii41 ,pigm5ts3 #a1 ,metallic ,pigm5ts3 ,antimony ,oxide1 ,naples ,yell[1 ,b>ium ,*romate1 ,lead ,*romate1 ,silv] ,*loride1 ,*romic ,oxide4--,,iii41 ,fluxes3 ,fluxes1 ,felsp>1 ,qu>tz1 ,purify+ ,qu>tz1 ,s$im5tation1 ,qu5*+1 ,borax1 ,boracic ,acid1 ,potassium & ,sodium ,c>bonates1 ,rocaille ,flux4--,,iv41 ,prep>ation ( ! ,col\rs = ,glass ,pa9t+4--,v41 ,! ,col\r ,pa/es4--,,vi41 ,! ,col\r$ ,glasses4--,,vii41 ,composition ( ! ,porcela9 ,col\rs4--,,viii41 ,! ,enamel ,col\rs3 ,enamels = ,arti/ic ,"w4--,,ix41 ,metallic ,ornam5tation3 ,porcela9 ,gild+1 ,glass ,gild+4--,x41 ,fir+ ! ,col\rs3 #a1 ,rem>ks on ,fir+3 ,fir+ ,col\rs on ,glass4 ,fir+ ,col\rs on ,porcela92 #b1 ,! ,muffle4--,,xi41 ,accid5ts occasionally ,sup]v5+ dur+ ! ,process ( ,fir+4--,,xii41 ,rem>ks on ! ,diff]5t ,me?ods ( ,pa9t+ on ,glass1 ,porcela91 etc4--,app5dix3 ,clean+ ,old ,glass ,pa9t+s4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,mr4 ,h]mann1 by a c>eful division ( 8 subject1 avoids mu* repetition1 yet makes suffici5tly cle> :at is necess>y to be kn[n 9 ea* art4 ,he gives v _m =mul2 & 8 h9ts on ! v>i\s applications ( metals & metallic lu/res to glass & porcela9s w be f\nd ( mu* int]e/ to ! amateur4--,art ,amateur1 ,new ,york4 ,= ! unskill$ & amateurs ! "n ( ! publi%]s w be suffici5t gu>antee = ! utility & excell5ce ( ,mr4 ,h]mann's "w1 ev5 if !y are already unacqua9t$ ) ! au?or4444 ,! :ole _c fail to be bo? ( s]vice & int]e/ to glass work]s & to pott]s g5]ally1 especially ^? employ$ ^u high-class "w4--,/af=d%ire ,s5t9el4 ,9 ,pa9t+ on ,glass & ,porcela9 ! au?or has dealt v exhau/ively ) ! te*nical z di/+ui%$ f ! arti/ic side ( 8 subject1 ! "w be+ entirely devot$ to ! prep>ation ( ! col\rs1 _! application & fir+4 ,= manufactur]s & /ud5ts x w be a valuable "w1 & ! recipes :i* appe> on almo/ e page =m a v valuable feature4 ,! au?or has ga9$ mu* ( 8 exp]i5ce 9 ! celebrat$ ,sevres manufactory1 a fact :i* adds a good deal ( au?ority to ! "w4--,build]s ,j\rnal4 ,! compil] displays t pa9/ak+ rese>* *>act]i/ic ( 8 nation1 & goes at l5g? into ! "q ( ! *emical con/itution ( ! pigm5ts & fluxes to be us$ 9 glass-pa9t+1 proce$+ aft]w>ds to a description ( ! me?ods ( produc+ col\r$ glass ( all t9ts & %ades4444 ,v c>eful in/ructions are giv5 = ! *emical & me*anical prep>ation ( ! col\rs us$ 9 glass-/a9+ & porcela9-pa9t+2 inde$1 to ! *9a pa9t] su* a book z ?is %\ld be ( p]man5t value1 z ! au?or claims to h te/$ & v]ifi$ e recipe he includes1 & ! volume also comprises a section devot$ to enamels bo? opaque & transluc5t1 & ano!r treat+ ( ! fir+ ( porcela91 & ! accid5ts t occasionally sup]v5e 9 ! furnace4--,daily ,*ronicle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,reissue ( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,/af=d%ire ,,pott]ies2 ,,& ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,progress ,,( ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pott]y ,,& ,,porcela94 ,) ,ref]5ces to ,g5u9e ,specim5s1 & ,notices ( ,em95t ,pott]s4 ,by ,,simeon ,,%aw4 7,orig9ally ,publi%$ 9 #ahbi47 #bfe pp4 #aijj4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,introductory ,*apt] %[+ ! position ( ! ,pott]y ,trade at ! pres5t "t 7#ahii74--;,*apt]s ,i41 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks4--,,ii41 ,! ,pott]ies1 compris+ ,tun/all1 ,br[nhills1 ,gre5field & ,new ,field1 ,gold5 ,hill1 ,latebrook1 ,gre5 ,lane1 ,burslem1 ,longport & ,dale ,hall1 ,hot ,lane & ,cobridge1 ,hanley & ,%elton1 ,etruria1 ,/oke1 ,p5khull1 ,f5ton1 ,lane ,delph1 ,foley1 ,lane ,end4--,,iii41 ,on ! ,orig9 ( ! ,art1 & its ,practice among ! e>ly ,nations4--,,iv41 ,manufacture ( ,pott]y1 prior to #agjj4--,v41 ,! ,introduction ( ,r$ ,porcela9 by ,messrs4 ,el]s1 ( ,bradwell1 #afij4--,,vi41 ,progress ( ! ,manufacture f #agjj to ,mr4 ,w$gwood's comm5cem5t 9 #agfj4--,,vii4 ,introduction ( ,fluid ,glaze4--,ext5sion ( ! ,manufacture ( ,cream ,col\r4--,mr4 ,w$gwood's ,que5's ,w>e4--,jasp]1 & ,appo9tm5t ( ,pott] to ,h] ,maje/y4--,black ,pr9t+4--,,viii41 ,introduction ( ,porcela94 ,mr4 ,w4 ,littl]'s ,porcela94--,mr4 ,cookwor?y's ,discov]y ( ,kaol9 & ,petuntse1 & ,pat5t4--,sold to ,mr4 ,*ampion--resold to ! ,new ,hall ,com4--,ext5sion ( ,t]m4--,,ix41 ,blue ,pr9t$ ,pott]y4 ,mr4 ,turn]1 ,mr4 ,spode 7#a71 ,mr4 ,baddeley1 ,mr4 ,spode 7#b71 ,messrs4 ,turn]1 ,mr4 ,wood1 ,mr4 ,wilson1 ,mr4 ,m9ton4--,great ,*ange 9 ,patt]ns ( ,blue ,pr9t$4--,x41 ,introduction ( ,lu/re ,pott]y4 ,improvem5ts 9 ,pott]y & ,porcela9 subsequ5t to #ahjj4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,!re is mu* curi\s & useful in=mation 9 ! "w1 & ! publi%]s h r5d]$ ! public a s]vice 9 reissu+ x4--,burton ,mail4 ,copies ( ! orig9al "w are n[ ( consid]able value1 & ! facsimile repr9t n[ issu$ _c b prove ( consid]able int]e/ to all int]e/$ 9 ! great indu/ry4--,d]by ,m]cury4 ,! book w be especially welcom$ at a "t :5 int]e/ 9 ! art ( pott]y manufacture comm&s a m widespread & g5]al int]e/ ?an at any previ\s "t4--,wolv]hampton ,*ronicle4 ,?is "w is all ! m valuable because x gives "o an idea ( ! condition ( affairs exi/+ 9 ! nor? ( ,/af=d%ire be=e ! great increase 9 "w & population due to mod]n developm5ts4--,we/]n ,morn+ ,news4 ,! ,hi/ory gives a graphic picture ( ,nor? ,/af=d%ire at ! end ( ! la/ & ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & /ates t 9 #ahbi !re 0 'a busy & ent]pris+ community' 9 ! ,pott]ies ( fifty ?\s& p]sons4444 ,we comm5d x to our read]s z a mo/ ent]ta9+ & in/ructive publication1--,/af=d%ire ,s5t9el4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,reissue ( ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,! ,,sev]al ,,natural ,,& ,,artificial ,,het]og5e\s ,,comp\nds ,,us$ ,,9 ,,manufactur+ ,,porcela91 ,,glass ,,& ,,pott]y4 ,by ,,simeon ,,%aw4 7,orig9ally publi%$ 9 #ahcg47 #gej pp4 #aijj4 ,royal #hvo4 ,price #ads42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aes42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #afs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i41 ,,analysis ,,& ,,mat]ials4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,introduction3 ,laboratory & ,app>atus2 ,elem5ts3 ,comb9ative ,pot5cies1 ,manipulative ,processes = ,analysis & ,reag5ts1 ,pulv]isation1 ,bl[-pipe ,analysis1 ,humid ,analysis1 ,prep>atory ,manipulations1 ,g5]al ,analytic ,processes1 ,comp\nds ,soluble 9 ,wat]1 ,comp\nds ,soluble only 9 ,acids1 ,comp\nds 7,mix$7 ,soluble 9 ,wat]1 ,comp\nds 7,mix$7 ,soluble 9 ,acids1 ,comp\nds 7,mix$7 ,insoluble1 ,p>ticul> ,analytic ,processes4--,,ii41 ,temp]ature3 ,coal1 ,/eam ,heat = ,pr9t]s' ,/oves4--,,iii41 ,acids & ,alkalies3 ,boracic ,acid1 ,muriatic ,acid1 ,nitric ,acid1 ,sulphuric ,acid1 ,pota%1 ,soda1 ,li?ia1 ,calculation ( ,*emical ,sep>ations4--,,iv41 ,! ,e>?s3 ,alum9e1 ,clays1 ,silica1 ,fl9t1 ,lime1 ,pla/] ( ,p>is1 ,magnesia1 ,b>ytes1 ,felsp>1 ,grau5 7or ,*9a ,/one71 ,*9a ,clay1 ,*]t4--,v41 ,metals3 ,reciprocal ,comb9ative ,pot5cies ( ! ,metals1 ,antimony1 ,ars5ic1 ,*romium1 ,gre5 ,oxide1 ,cobalt1 ,*romic ,acid1 ,humid ,sep>ation ( ,nickel f ,cobalt1 ,ars5ite ( ,cobalt1 ,copp]1 ,gold1 ,iron1 ,lead1 ,manganese1 ,plat9um1 ,silv]1 ,t91 ,z9c4 ,,"p ,,ii41 ,,syn!sis ,,& ,,comp\nds4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,sket* ( ! ,orig9 & ,progress ( ! ,art4--,,ii41 ,sci5ce ( ,mix+3 ,sci5tific ,pr9ciples ( ! ,manufacture1 ,comb9ative ,pot5cies ( ! ,e>?s4--,,iii41 ,bodies3 ,porcela9--,h>d1 ,porcela9--,fritt$ ,bodies1 ,porcela9--,raw ,bodies1 ,porcela9--,s(t1 ,fritt$ ,bodies1 ,raw ,bodies1 ,/one ,bodies1 ,iron/one1 ,dry ,bodies1 ,*emical ,ut5sils1 ,fritt$ ,jasp]1 ,fritt$ ,pe>l1 ,fritt$ ,drab1 ,raw ,*emical ,ut5sils1 ,raw ,/one1 ,raw ,jasp]1 ,raw ,pe>l1 ,raw ,mort>1 ,raw ,drab1 ,raw ,br[n1 ,raw ,fawn1 ,raw ,cane1 ,raw ,r$ ,por\s1 ,raw ,egyptian1 ,e>!nw>e1 ,que5's ,w>e1 ,cream ,col\r1 ,blue & ,fancy ,pr9t$1 ,dipp$ & ,mo*a1 ,*alky1 ,r+s1 ,/ilts1 etc4--,,iv41 ,glazes3 ,porcela9--,h>d ,fritt$1 ,porcela9--,s(t ,fritt$1 ,porcela9--,s(t ,raw1 ,cream ,col\r ,porcela91 ,blue ,pr9t$ ,porcela91 ,fritt$ ,glazes1 ,analysis ( ,fritt1 ,analysis ( ,glaze1 ,col\r$ ,glazes1 ,dips1 ,sme>s & ,wa%es3 ,glasses3 ,fl9t ,glass1 ,col\r$ ,glasses1 ,artificial ,g>net1 ,artificial ,em]ald1 ,artificial ,ame?y/1 ,artificial ,sapphire1 ,artificial ,opal1 ,plate ,glass1 ,cr[n ,glass1 ,broad ,glass1 ,bottle ,glass1 ,phosphoric ,glass1 ,briti% ,/eel ,glass1 ,glass-,/a9+ & ,pa9t+1 ,engrav+ on ,glass1 ,dr4 ,f>aday's ,exp]im5ts4--,v41 ,col\rs3 ,col\r ,mak+1 ,fluxes or ,solv5ts1 ,compon5ts ( ! ,col\rs3 ,r$s1 etc41 f ,gold1 ,c>m9e or ,rose ,col\r1 ,purple1 ,r$s1 etc41 f ,iron1 ,blues1 ,yell[s1 ,gre5s1 ,blacks1 ,:ite1 ,silv] = ,burni%+1 ,gold = ,burni%+1 ,pr9t]'s ,oil1 ,lu/res4 ,,"p ,,iii41 ,,tables ,,( ,,! ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,*emical ,,sub/ances4--,prelim9>y ,rem>ks1 ,oxyg5 7,tables71 ,sulphur & its ,comp\nds1 ,nitrog5 ditto1 ,*lor9e ditto1 ,brom9e ditto1 ,iod9e ditto1 ,fluor9e ditto1 ,phosphor\s ditto1 ,boron ditto1 ,c>bon ditto1 ,hydrog5 ditto1 ,obs]vations1 ,ammonium & its ,comp\nds 7,tables71 ,?orium ditto1 ,zirconium ditto1 ,alum9ium ditto1 ,yttrium ditto1 ,gluc9um ditto1 ,magnesium ditto1 ,calcium ditto1 ,/rontium ditto1 ,b>ium ditto1 ,li?ium ditto1 ,sodium & its ,comp\nds ,potassium ditto1 ,obs]vations1 ,sel5ium & its ,comp\nds 7,tables71 ,ars5ic ditto1 ,*romium ditto1 ,vanadium ditto1 ,molybd5um ditto1 ,tung/5 ditto1 ,antimony ditto1 ,tellurium ditto1 ,tantalum ditto1 ,titanium ditto1 ,silicium ditto1 ,osmium ditto1 ,gold ditto1 ,iridium ditto1 ,rhodium ditto1 ,plat9um ditto1 ,palladium ditto1 ,m]cury ditto1 ,silv] ditto1 ,copp] ditto1 ,uranium ditto1 ,bismu? & its ,comp\nds1 ,t9 ditto1 ,lead ditto1 ,c]ium ditto1 ,cobalt ditto1 ,nickel ditto1 ,iron ditto1 ,cadmium ditto1 ,z9c ditto1 ,manganese ditto1 ,obs]vations1 ,isomorph\s ,gr\ps1 ,isom]ic ditto1 ,metam]ic ditto1 ,polym]ic ditto1 ,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is int]e/+ volume has be5 kept f ! p5cil ( ! mod]n editor & repr9t$ 9 its entirety by ! ent]pris+ publi%]s ( ,! ,pott]y ,gazette & o!r trade j\rnals4444 ,!re is an excell5t hi/orical sket* ( ! orig9 & progress ( ! art ( pott]y :i* %[s ! intimate k ( classical z well z 7! !n7 mod]n sci5tific lit]ature possess$ by ! late ,dr4 ,%aw2 ev5 ! etymology ( _m ( ! ,/af=d%ire place-names is giv54--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 ,! hi/orical sket* ( ! orig9 & progress ( pott]y is v int]e/+ & in/ructive4 ,! sci5ce ( mix+ is a problem ( great importance1 & ! qu]y h[ ! natural products1 alum9a & silica c be comp\nd$ to =m ! be/ w>es may be solv$ by ! aid ( *emi/ry in/ead ( by guesses1 z 0 =m]ly ! case4 ,?is portion ( ! book may be mo/ sugge/ive to ! manufactur]1 z also ! *apt]s devot$ to ! subject ( glazes1 glasses & col\rs4--,birm+ham ,po/4 ,messrs4 ,scott1 ,gre5wood ,co4 are do+ _! be/ to place be=e ! pott]y trades "s really good books1 likely to aid ! ,/af=d%ire manufactur]s1 & _! spirit$ ent]prise is wor?y ( enc\ragem5t1 = ! utility ( te*nical lit]ature be>+ ^u ! practical side ( pott+ goes )\t say+4444 ,!y are to be congratulat$ on _! ent]prise 9 republi%+ x1 & we c only hope t !y w meet ) ! support !y des]ve4 ,x seems to be a volume t is wor? look+ ?r\gh by bo? manufactur]s & op]atives alike1 & all local in/itutions1 at any rate1 %\ld secure copies4--,/af=d%ire ,s5t9el4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pap] ,mak+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,dye+ ,,( ,,pap] ,,pulp4 ,a ,practical ,treatise = ! use ( ,pap]mak]s1 ,pap]/a9]s4 ,/ud5ts & o!rs4 ,by ,,julius ,,erfurt1 ,manag] ( a ,pap] ,mill4 ,translat$ into ,engli% & ,edit$ ) ,additions by ,,julius ,h,,bn]1 ,f4,c4,s41 ,lectur] on ,pap]mak+ at ! ,man*e/] ,municipal ,te*nical ,s*ool4 ,) ,illu/rations & #aeg patt]ns ( pap] dy$ 9 ! pulp4 ,royal #hvo1 #ahj pp4 #aija4 ,price #aes42 ,india & ,colonies1 #afs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #bjs42 /rictly net4 ,limit$ edition4 ,cont5ts4 ,i41 ,behavi\r ( ! ,pap] ,fibres dur+ ! ,process ( ,dye+1 ,!ory ( ! ,mordant--,cotton3 ,flax & ,hemp2 ,esp>to2 ,jute2 ,/raw ,cellulose3 ,*emical & ,me*anical ,wood ,pulp2 ,mix$ ,fibres3 ,!ory ( ,dye+4--,,ii41 ,col\r ,fix+ ,m$iums 7,mordants7--,alum3 ,alum9ium ,sulphate2 ,alum9ium ,acetate2 ,t9 ,cry/als 7,/ann\s ,*loride72 ,copp]as 7,f]r\s ,sulphate72 ,nitrate ( ,iron 7,f]ric ,sulphate72 ,pyrolignite ( ,iron 7,acetate ( ,iron72 ,action ( ,tannic ,acid2 ,importance ( ,mat]ials conta9+ ,tann92 ,treatm5t ) ,tannic ,acid ( ,pap] ,pulp int5d$ = dye+2 ,blue ,/one 7,copp] ,sulphate73 ,potassium ,bi*romate3 ,sodium ,bi*romate2 ,*alk 7,calcium ,c>bonate72 ,soda ,cry/als 7,sodium ,c>bonate73 ,antimony ,potassium ,t>trate 7,t>t> ,emetic74--,,iii41 ,influ5ce ( ! ,quality ( ! ,wat] ,us$4--,,iv41 ,inorganic ,col\rs--#a4 ,artificial ,m9]al ,col\rs3 ,iron ,buff2 ,manganese ,bronze3 ,*rome ,yell[ 7,*romate ( ,lead73 ,*rome ,orange 7,basic ,*romate ( ,lead73 ,r$ ,lead2 ,*rome ,gre53 ,blue ) ,yell[ ,prussiate3 ,prussian ,blue3 ,me?od = ,produc+ ,prussian ,blue free f ,acid3 ,ultram>9e--#b4 ,natural ,m9]al ,col\rs 7,e>? ,col\rs73 ,yell[ ,e>? ,col\rs3 ,r$ ,e>? ,col\rs2 ,br[n ,e>? ,col\rs2 ,gre51 ,grey & ,black ,e>? ,col\rs3 ,:ite ,e>? ,col\rs3 ,:ite ,clay 7,*9a ,clay73 ,:ite ,gypsum2 ,b>yta3 ,magnesium ,c>bonate3 ,talc1 ,soap/one4--,v41 ,organic ,col\rs--#a4 ,col\rs ( ,vegetable & ,animal ,orig93 7a7 ,sub/antive 7,direct ,dye+7 ,col\r+ ,matt]s3 ,annatto2 ,turm]ic3 ,saffl[]2 7b7 ,adjective 7,indirect ,dye+7 ,col\r+ ,matt]s3 ,r$wood2 ,co*9eal2 ,weld3 ,p]sian ,b]ries2 ,fu/ic ,extract2 ,qu]citron3 ,cate*u 7,cut*72 ,logwood ,extract--#b4 ,artificial ,organic 7,coal ,t>7 ,col\rs3 ,acid ,col\rs2 ,basic ,col\rs3 ,sub/antive 7,direct ,dye+7 ,col\rs2 ,dissolv+ ( ! ,coal ,t> ,col\rs3 ,auram9e ,o ,o2 ,naph?ol ,yell[ ,s ,o2 ,qu9ol9e ,yell[ ,o3 ,metanil ,yell[ ,o3 ,pap] ,yell[ ,o3 ,az(lav9e ,,rs ,o1 ,s ,o2 ,cotton ,yell[ ,g ,x ,x & ,r ,x ,x3 ,orange #aa ,o3 ,*rysoid9e ,a ,o ,o1 ,,rl ,o ,o3 ,vesuv9e ,extra ,o ,o2 ,vesuv9e ,,bc ,o ,o2 ,fa/4 ,br[n ,o1 ,naph?ylam9e ,br[n ,o2 ,wat] ,blue ,,9 ,o2 ,wat] ,blue ,,tb ,o2 ,victoria ,blue ,b ,o ,o2 ,me?yl5e ,blue ,,md ,o ,o2 ,nile ,blue ,r ,o ,o2 ,new ,blue ,s ,o ,o2 ,indo9e ,blue ,,bb ,o ,o2 ,eos9e #ddb ,nx2 ,phlox9e ,b ,b ,n2 ,rhodam9e ,b ,o ,o2 ,rhodam9e #f;,g ,o ,o3 ,naph?ylam9e ,r$ ,g ,o2 ,fa/ ,r$ ,a ,o2 ,cotton ,sc>let ,o2 ,ery?r9e ,,rr ,o2 ,ery?r9e ,x ,o2 ,ery?r9e ,p ,o2 ,ponceau #b ,r ,o2 ,fa/ ,ponceau ,g ,o & ,b ,o2 ,pap] ,sc>let ,p ,o ,o2 ,saffran9e ,,pp ,o ,o2 ,mag5ta ,p[d] ,a ,o ,o2 ,acetate ( ,mag5ta ,o ,o2 ,c]ise ,d #aj ,o ,o2 ,me?yl ,violet ,,bb ,o ,o2 ,cry/al ,violet ,o ,o2 ,acid ,violet #c ,,bn ,o1 #d ,r ,o2 ,diamond ,gre5 ,b ,o ,o2 ,nigros9e ,,wl ,o2 ,coal ,black ,o ,o2 ,brilliant ,black ,b ,o4--,,vi41 ,practical ,application ( ! ,coal ,t> ,col\rs accord+ to _! ,prop]ties & _! ,behavi\r t[>ds ! ,diff]5t ,pap] ,fibres--,coal ,t> ,col\rs1 :i* rank =emo/1 z f> z _! fa/ness to light is conc]n$2 ,col\r ,comb9ations ) :i* col\rless or ne>ly col\rless ,backwat] is obta9$2 ,col\rs :i* d n ble$ into ,:ite ,fibres1 = ,blott+ & ,copy+ ,pap] ,pulp2 ,col\rs :i* produce ! be/ results on ,me*anical ,wood & on ,unblea*$ ,sulphite ,wood2 ,dye+ ( ,cotton1 ,jute & ,wool ,half-/uff = ,mottl+ ,:ite or ,light ,col\r$ ,pap]s2 ,col\rs suitable = ,cotton2 ,col\rs specially suitable = ,jute ,dye+2 ,col\rs suitable = ,wool ,fibres4--,,vii41 ,dy$ ,patt]ns on ,v>i\s ,pulp ,mixtures--,plac>d & ,wrapp+ ,pap]s2 ,black ,wrapp+ & ,c>tridge ,pap]s2 ,blott+ ,pap]s2 ,mottl$ & ,m>bl$ ,pap]s made ) ,col\r$ ,l951 ,cotton & ,union ,rags1 or ) ,cotton1 ,jute1 ,wool & ,sulphite ,wood ,fibres1 dy$ specially = ?is purpose2 ,mottl+ ) ,d>k ,blue ,l952 ,mottl+ ) ,d>k ,blue ,l95 & ,d>k ,blue ,cotton2 ,mottl+ ) ,d>k ,blue ,cotton2 ,mottl+ ) ,d>k ,blue & ,r$ ,cotton2 ,mottl+ ) ,d>k ,r$ ,cotton2 ,mottl+ ( ,blea*$ ,/uff1 ) #c to #d p] c5t4 ( ,dy$ ,cotton ,fibres2 ,mottl+ ) ,d>k ,blue ,union 7,l95 & ,wool or ,cotton ,w>p ) ,wool ,weft72 ,mottl+ ) ,blue ,/rip$ ,r$ ,union2 ,mottl+ ( ,blea*$ ,/uff ) #c to #d p] c5t4 ( ,dy$ ,wool ,fibres2 ,mottl+ ( ,blea*$ ,/uff ) #c to #d p] c5t4 ( ,dy$ ,jute ,fibres2 ,mottl+ ( ,blea*$ ,/uff ) #c to #d p] c5t4 ( ,dy$ ,sulphite ,wood ,fibres3 ,wall ,pap]s2 ,pack+ ,pap]s4--,,viii41 ,dye+ to ,%ade--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! book is "o t is ( value to e "o connect$ ) ! col\r+ ( pap]4--,pap] ,trade ,j\rnal4 ,! great feature ( ! volume is und\bt$ly ! s]ies ( actual patt]ns ( dy$ pap]s1 #aeg 9 all--twelve ( :i*1 made 9 ,engl&1 h be5 add$ to ! orig9al ,g]man s]ies4 ,detail$ =mul are giv5 = ! prep>ation ( ! pulp = ea*1 & ! t9ts ( ! samples practically =m a key1 by means ( :i* ! accuracy ( ! /ud5t's or practition]'s exp]im5ts c be te/$4444 ,on ! :ole ! publication is "o ( di/9ct importance to ! trade1 & w no d\bt spe$ily become a /&>d "w ( ref]5ce among/ pap]mak]s1 bo? 9 ! 'lab4' & ! (fice1 z well z be+ an excell5t text-book = ! use ( /ud5ts 9 ! increas+ numb] ( te*nical in/itutes 9 :i* pap]mak+ is taught4--,_w's ,pap] ,trade ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,enamell+ on ,metal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,enamels ,,& ,,enamell+4 ,an ,introduction to ! ,prep>ation & ,application ( all ,k9ds ( ,enamels = ,te*nical & ,arti/ic ,purposes4 ,= ,enamel ,mak]s1 ,work]s 9 ,gold & ,silv]1 & ,manufactur]s ( ,objects ( ,art4 ,by ,,paul ,,r&au4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,) ,sixte5 ,illu/rations4 #ahj pp4 #aijj4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,i41 ,introduction4--,,ii41 ,composition & ,prop]ties ( ,glass4--,,iii41 ,raw ,mat]ials = ! ,manufacture ( ,enamel4--,,iv41 ,sub/ances ,add$ to ,produce ,opacity4--,v41 ,fluxes4--,,vi41 ,pigm5ts4--,,vii41 ,decoloris+ ,ag5ts4--,,viii41 ,te/+ ! ,raw ,mat]ials ) ! ,bl[-pipe ,flame4--,,ix41 ,subsidi>y ,mat]ials4--,x41 ,prep>+ ! ,mat]ials = ,enamel ,mak+4--,,xi41 ,mix+ ! ,mat]ials4--,,xii41 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,te*nical ,enamels1 ,! ,enamel ,mass4--,,xiii41 ,appliances = ,smelt+ ! ,enamel ,mass4--,,xiv41 ,smelt+ ! ,*>ge4--,,xv41 ,composition ( ,enamel ,masses4--,,xvi41 ,composition ( ,masses = ,gr\nd ,enamels4--,,xvii41 ,composition ( ,cov] ,enamels4--,,xviii41 ,prep>+ ! ,articles = ,enamell+4--,,xix41 ,apply+ ! ,enamel4--,,xx41 ,fir+ ! ,gr\nd ,enamel4--,,xxi41 ,apply+ & ,fir+ ! ,cov] ,enamel or ,glaze4--,,xxii41 ,repair+ ,defects 9 ,enamell$ ,w>e4--,,xxiii41 ,enamell+ ,articles ( ,%eet ,metal4--,,xxiv41 ,decorat+ ,enamell$ ,w>e4--,,xxv41 ,specialities 9 ,enamell+4--,,xxvi41 ,dial-plate ,enamell+4--,,xxvii41 ,enamels = ,arti/ic ,purposes1 ,recipes = ,enamels ( ,v>i\s ,col\rs4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,%\ld prove ( great s]vice to all :o are ei!r engag$ 9 or int]e/$ 9 ! art ( enamell+4--,jewell]s & ,wat*mak]s' ,trade ,adv]tis]4 ,i mu/ in=m y t ?is is ! be/ book ev] ,i h come across on enamels1 & x is wor? d\ble its co/4--,j4 ,,m9*91 ,jr41 ,porto1 ,portugal1 #bbnd ,july1 #aijj4 ,?is is a v useful & ?or\ghly practical treatise1 & deals ) e bran* ( ! enamell]'s art4 ,! manufacture ( enamels ( v>i\s col\rs & ! me?ods ( _! application are describ$ 9 detail4 ,besides ! common] enamell+ processes1 "s ( ! m important special bran*es ( ! bus9ess1 su* z cloisonne "w are dealt )4 ,! "w is well got up1 & ! illu/rations ( app>atus are well execut$4 ,! translator is evid5tly a man well acqua9t$ bo? ) ! ,g]man language & ! subject-matt] ( ! book4--,inv5tion4 ,?is is a mo/ welcome volume1 & "o = :i* we h long wait$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,= ye>s we h be5 tea*+ design appli$ to enamell+ z well z to sev]al o!r crafts1 b we h n ris5 to ! sci5tific side ( ! "q4 ,"h is a h&book deal+ ) ! composition & mak+ ( enamels = application to metals = ! mo/ "p1 b also = o!r alli$ purposes4 ,x is writt5 9 a ?or\ghly practical way ,transcrib]s ,note3 ,text s\rce unreadable1 & its au?or--,paul ,r&au--has made its subject a v p>ticul> /udy4 ,! ,transcrib]s ,note3 ,text s\rce unreadable almo/ all ?+s :i* come f ! ,g]man *emical exp]t1 is a model ( good workman%ip ,transcrib]s ,note3 ,text s\rce unreadable & arrangem5t1 & no "o :o is 9 se>* ( a h&book to enamell+1 ,transcrib]s ,note3 ,text s\rce unreadable :e!r he is a craftsman produc+ 8 beautiful transluc5t col\rs on gold1 silv] & copp]1 or ! holl[-w>e manufactur] mak+ enamell$ saucepans & kettles1 c wi% = a m useful practical manual4--,birm+ham ,gazette4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,enamell+ ,,on ,,metal4 ,by ,w4 ,,norman ,,br[n4 ,tw5ty-eight ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fj pp4 #aijj4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 ,abroad1 #cs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,hi/ory--,cloisonn--,*amps ,lev--,transluc5t ,enamel--,surface ,pa9t$ ,enamels4--,,ii41 ,cloisonn--,*amps ,levs--,transluc5t--,pa9t$4--,,iii41 ,pa9t$ ,enamel--,app>atus--,furnaces & ,muffles = ,fir+4--,,iv41 ,! ,copp] ,base or ,plate--,plani%+--,cloisons--,*amp ,lev ,plates4--,v41 ,enamels--,trituration--,wa%+--,coat+ a ,plate ) ,enamel--,fir+ ,ord9>y ,plaques = ,pa9t+--,design+--,squ>+ (f4--,,vi41 ,designs = ,cloisonn--,designs = ,pa9t$ ,enamels--,te*nical ,processes--,bru%es1 etc41--,col\rs--,grisaille--,full-col\r$ ,designs4 ,press ,op9ion4 ,! in=mation convey$ 9 ,! ,art ( ,enamell+ on ,metal is z complete z c be expect$ 9 a manual ( ord9>y l5g?1 & is q ample 9 all respects to />t /ud5ts 9 a mo/ int]e/+ bran* ( decorative art4 ,all necess>y requisites are fully describ$ & illu/rat$1 & ! "w is "o1 inde$1 :i* any "o may pursue ) int]e/1 = ^? :o are int]e/$ arti/ically 9 enamels are a num]\s body4--,h>dw>e ,metals & ,ma*9]y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,books on ,textile & ,dye+ ,subjects4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,te*nical ,,te/+ ,,( ,,y>ns ,,& ,,textile ,,fabrics4 ,) ,ref]5ce to ,(ficial ,specifications4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,,h]zfeld4 ,second ,edition4 ,sixty-n9e ,illu/rations4 #bjj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,y>n ,te/+34 ,,iii41 ,det]m9+ ! ,y>n ,numb]4--,,iv41 ,te/+ ! ,l5g? ( ,y>ns4--,v41 ,exam9ation ( ! ,ext]nal ,appe>ance ( ,y>n4--,,vi41 ,det]m9+ ! ,twi/ ( ,y>n & ,twi/4--,,vii41 ,det]m9ation ( ,t5sile ,/r5g? & ,ela/icity4--,,viii41 ,e/imat+ ! ,p]c5tage ( ,fat 9 ,y>n4--,,ix41 ,det]m9ation ( ,moi/ure 7,condition+74--,app5dix4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,x w\ld be well if our ,engli% manufactur]s w\ld avail !mselves ( ?is important addition to ! ext5sive li/ ( ,g]man publications :i*1 by ! spread ( te*nical in=mation1 contribute 9 no small degree to ! success1 & sometimes to ! supremacy1 ( ,g]many 9 almo/ e bran* ( textile manufacture4--,man*e/] ,c\ri]4 ,?is is probably ! mo/ exhau/ive book publi%$ 9 ,engli% on ! subject dealt )4444 ,we h great confid5ce 9 recomm5d+ ! pur*ase ( ?is book by all manufactur]s ( textile goods ( :atev] k9d1 & are conv9c$ t ! concise & direct way 9 :i* x is writt51 :i* has be5 admirably cons]v$ by ! translator1 r5d]s x peculi>ly adapt$ = ! use ( ,engli% read]s4--,textile ,record]4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ?is book enables "o to say ) c]ta9ty t x is a /&>d "w on ! subject4 ,its importance is enhanc$ greatly by ! probability t we h "h1 = ! fir/ "t 9 our own language1 9 "o volume1 a full1 accurate1 & detail$ acc\nt1 by a practical exp]t1 ( ! be/ te*nical me?ods = ! te/+ ( textile mat]ials1 :e!r 9 ! raw /ate or 9 ! m or less f9i%$ product4--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 ,! au?or has endeav\r$ to collect & arrange 9 sy/ematic =m = ! fir/ "t all ! data relat+ to bo? physical & *emical te/s z us$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! textile indu/ry1 s t n only ! comm]cial & textile *emi/1 :o has frequ5tly to reply to que/ions on ^! matt]s1 b also ! practical manufactur] ( textiles & 8 subord9ates1 :e!r 9 sp9n+1 weav+1 dye+1 & f9i%+1 are cat]$ =4444 ,! book is pr(usely illu/rat$1 & ! subjects ( ^! illu/rations are cle>ly describ$4--,textile ,manufactur]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,decorative ,,& ,,fancy ,,textile ,,fabrics4 ,) ,designs & ,illu/rations4 ,by ,r4,t4 ,,"l4 ,a ,valuable ,book = ,manufactur]s & ,design]s ( ,c>pets1 ,damask1 ,dress & all ,textile ,fabrics4 #bjj pp4 #ahih4 ,demy #hvo4 #acb ,designs & ,illu/rations4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,a ,few ,h9ts on ,design+ ,ornam5tal ,textile ,fabrics4--,,ii41 ,a ,few ,h9ts on ,design+ ,ornam5tal ,textile ,fabrics 7cont9u$74--,,iii41 ,a ,few ,h9ts on ,design+ ,ornam5tal ,textile ,fabrics 7cont9u$74--,,iv41 ,a ,few ,h9ts on ,design+ ,ornam5tal ,textile ,fabrics 7cont9u$74--,v41 ,h9ts = ,rul$-pap] ,draughtsm54--,,vi41 ,! ,jacqu>d ,ma*9e4--,,vii41 ,brussels & ,wilton ,c>pets4--,,viii41 ,tape/ry ,c>pets4--,,ix41 ,+ra9 ,c>pets4--,x41 ,axm9/] ,c>pets4--,,xi41 ,damask & ,tape/ry ,fabrics4--,,xii41 ,sc>f ,silks & ,ribbons4--,,xiii41 ,silk ,h&k]*iefs4--,,xiv41 ,dress ,fabrics4--,,xv41 ,mantle ,clo?s4--,,xvi41 ,figur$ ,plu%4--,,xvii41 ,b$ ,quilts4--,,xviii41 ,calico ,pr9t+4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! book c be /rongly recomm5d$ to /ud5ts & practical m54--,textile ,col\ri/4 ,^? engag$ 9 ! design+ ( dress1 mantle tape/ry1 c>pet & o!r ornam5tal textiles w f9d ?is volume a useful "w ( ref]5ce4--,le$s ,m]cury4 ,! book is to be comm5d$ z a model manual1 appe>+ at an opportune "t1 s9ce e day is mak+ kn[n a gr[+ desire = developm5t 9 ,briti% indu/rial art4--,dundee ,adv]tis]4 ,design]s especially1 :o desire to make progress 9 _! call+1 w d well to take ! h9ts ?r[n out 9 ! fir/ f\r *apt]s on ',design+ ,ornam5tal ,textile ,fabrics'4--,nott+ham ,daily ,gu>dian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p[]-,,loom ,,weav+ ,,& ,,y>n ,,numb]+4 ,accord+ to ,v>i\s ,sy/ems1 ) ,conv]sion ,tables4 ,an ,auxili>y & ,text-book = ,pupils ( ,weav+ ,s*ools1 z well z = ,self-,in/ruction & = ,g5]al ,use by ^? engag$ 9 ! ,weav+ ,indu/ry4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,,an?on ,,grun]4 ,) ,tw5ty-six ,diagrams 9 ,col\rs4 #aej pp4 #aijj4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,i41 ,p[]-,loom ,weav+ 9 ,g5]al4 ,v>i\s ,sy/ems ( ,looms4--,,ii41 ,m\nt+ & ,/>t+ ! ,p[]-,loom4 ,engli% ,looms4--,tappet or ,treadle ,looms4--,dobbies4--,,iii41 ,g5]al ,rem>ks on ! ,numb]+1 ,reel+ & ,pack+-( ,y>n4--,app5dix4--,useful ,h9ts4 ,calculat+ ,w>ps4--,weft ,calculations4--,calculations ( ,co/ ,price 9 ,hanks4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,a long-felt want 9 ! weav+ indu/ry has be5 suppli$ by ! issue ( a *eap volume deal+ ) ! subject4--,belfa/ ,ev5+ ,telegraph4 ,! "w has be5 cle>ly translat$ f ! ,g]man & publi%$ ) suitable illu/rations4444 ,! au?or has dealt v practically ) ! subject4--,brad=d ,daily ,telegraph4 ,! book1 :i* conta9s a numb] ( useful col\r$ diagrams1 %\ld prove invaluable to ! /ud5t1 & its h&y =m w enable x to become a companion m ?an "s cumbr\s "w4 --,cotton ,factory ,times4 ,! book has be5 prep>$ ) great c>e1 & is mo/ usefully illu/rat$4 ,x is a capital text-book = use 9 ! weav+ s*ools or = self-in/ruction1 :ile all engag$ 9 ! weav+ indu/ry w f9d its sugge/ions helpful4--,nor!rn ,daily ,telegraph4 ,! v>i\s sy/ems are treat$ 9 a c>eful mann]2 also ! diff]5t looms & _! manufacture1 z well z ! :ole processes ( ! "w4 ,y>n numb]+ accord+ to v>i\s sy/ems1 ) conv]sion tables & num]\s col\r$ diagrams1 mat]ially assi/ to a cle> compreh5sion ( ! subject4--,nor!rn ,:ig4 ,! 'inside' manag]s ( our textile mills 9 :i* ! "w is complex or greatly v>i$1 & :]e y>ns ( diff]5t mat]ials are 9 use1 w f9d ?is "w conv5i5t = ref]5ce 9 case ( novelty or difficulty4 ,we may also say ! same 9 relation to ! textile /ud5t4 ,its description ( ! p>ts ( ! loom & _! functions w be ( use to ! latt]1 be+ ( ! mo/ elem5t>y k9d4--,textile ,m]cury4 ,! au?or attempts to fill a gap 9 weav+ lit]ature caus$ by ! neglect ( _m obscure po9ts connect$ ) ! indu/ry4 ,a %ort review is giv5 ( ! p[]-loom z a :ole1 foll[$ by a description ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! ma*9]y ) _! advantages & defects4444 ,! book is sev]ely te*nical1 b mu/ on t acc\nt be v valuable to ! pupil :o is det]m9$ to ma/] ?is indu/rial art4--,*e%ire ,c\nty ,news4 ,x is cle> & concise1 & gives j t k 9 quality & am\nt :i* any /ud5t ( ! weav+ indu/ry ought to consid] z a m9imum necess>y = 8 ?or\gh compreh5sion ( 8 future pr(ession4 ,! h&9ess & v>iety ( ! in=mation compris$ 9 ,section ,,iii41 deal+ ) ! numb]+ & reel+ ( y>ns employ$ 9 ! v>i\s sy/ems 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 /ruck u z p>ticul>ly useful4--,nor? ,briti% ,daily ,mail4 ,?is "w br+s be=e weav]s :o are actually engag$ 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( fabrics1 z well z ! te*nical /ud5t1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! g5]al run ( p[]-looms 9 su* a mann] t ! p>ts ( ! loom & _! be>+ to ea* o!r c be readily und]/ood4444 ,! "w %\ld prove ( mu* value1 z x is 9 e s5se practical1 & is put be=e ! read] 9 su* a cle> mann] t x c be easily und]/ood4--,textile ,indu/ries4 ,! book "u notice is int5d$ z an in/ructor to ^? engag$ 9 p[]-loom weav+1 &1 judg+ by its compilation1 ! au?or is a ?or\gh ma/] ( ! craft4 ,x is n ov]load$ ) details1 & he manages to compress 9 a book ( "s #aej pages all t "o c possibly wi% to "k ab\t ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! ma*9]y1 :e!r ( ,engli% or =eign make1 & = :atev] k9d ( clo? requir$4 ,a compreh5sive summ>y is also includ$ ( ! v>i\s y>ns & me?ods ( numb]+ !m1 z well z a few useful h9ts & a numb] ( col\r$ diagrams = m&>9 weav+s4 ,! book is pr9t$ 9 bold1 legible type1 on good pap]1 has a copi\s index1 & is well & /rongly b\nd4--,a%ton-"u-,lyne ,h]ald4 ,9 deal+ ) ! complicat$ p>ts ( v>i\s classes ( p[]-looms1 ! writ]1 :o is "o ( ! pr(essors at ! ,royal ,weav+ ,s*ool ( ,as*1 br+s to ! "w a ?or\gh k ( ! subject1 &1 :at is ( great value1 he has ! gift ( communicat+ 8 k 9 a way :i* is easily und]/ood4 ,! smalle/ details ( loom-sett+ are ent]$ into1 & a full explanation ( problems1 :i* are a s\rce ( anxiety to _m engag$ 9 ov]look+1 is giv54 ,/ud5ts w f9d ! "w an admirable text-book1 & all :o are int]e/$ 9 weav+ w see 9 x a valuable addition to ! lit]ature on ?is subject4444 ,! book is 9 small compass1 & is cr[d$ ) valuable in=mation4--,brad=d ,obs]v]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,col\r3 ,a ,,h&book ,,( ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,col\r4 ,by ,,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,) ,t5 ,col\r$ ,plates & ,sev5ty-two ,illu/rations4 #afj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,col\r & ,its ,production4 ,light1 ,col\r1 ,disp]sion ( ,:ite ,light ,me?ods ( ,produc+ ! ,spectrum1 ,glass ,prism & ,diffraction ,grat+ ,spectroscopes1 ,! ,spectrum1 ,wave ,motion ( ,light1 ,recomposition ( ,:ite ,light1 ,hue1 ,lum9osity1 ,purity ( ,col\rs1 ,! ,pol>iscope1 ,phosphoresc5ce1 ,fluoresc5ce1 ,int]f]5ce4--,,ii41 ,cause ( ,col\r 9 ,col\r$ ,bodies4 ,transmitt$ ,col\rs1 ,absorption ,spectra ( ,col\r+ ,matt]s4--,,iii41 ,col\r ,ph5om5a & ,!ories4 ,mix+ ,col\rs1 ,:ite ,light f ,col\r$ ,lights1 ,effect ( ,col\r$ ,light on ,col\rs1 ,complem5t>y ,col\rs1 ,"y-,helmholtz ,!ory1 ,brew/] ,!ory1 ,supplem5t>y ,col\rs1 ,maxwell's ,!ory1 ,col\r ,photography4--,,iv41 ,! ,physiology ( ,light4 ,/ructure ( ! ,eye1 ,p]si/5ce ( ,vision1 ,subjective ,col\r ,ph5om5a1 ,col\r ,bl9dness4--,v41 ,contra/4 ,contra/1 ,simultane\s ,contra/1 ,successive ,contra/1 ,contra/ ( ,tone4 ,contra/ ( ,col\rs1 ,modification ( ,col\rs by ,contra/1 ,col\r ,contra/ 9 ,decorative ,design4--,,vi41 ,col\r 9 ,decoration & ,design4 ,col\r ,h>monies1 ,col\r ,equival5ts1 ,illum9ation & ,col\r1 ,col\r & ,textile ,fabrics1 ,surface ,/ructure & ,col\r4--,,vii41 ,measurem5t ( ,col\r4 ,col\r ,pat* ,me?od1 ,! ,t9tomet]1 ,*romomet]4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is useful little book possesses consid]able m]it1 & w be ( great utility to ^? = :om x is prim>ily int5d$4--,birm+ham ,po/4 ,x w be f\nd to be ( direct s]vice to ! majority ( dy]s1 calico pr9t]s & col\r mix]s1 to :om we confid5tly recomm5d x4--,*emical ,trade ,j\rnal4 ,x is ?or\ghly practical1 & gives 9 simple language ! :y & :]e=e ( ! _m col\r ph5om5a :i* p]plex ! dy] & ! col\ri/4--,dy] & ,calico ,pr9t]4 ,we h f\nd ! book v int]e/+1 & c recomm5d x to all :o wi% to ma/] ! diff]5t aspects ( col\r !ory1 ) a view to a practical application ( ! k s ga9$4--,*emi/ & ,druggi/4 ,mr4 ,hur/'s ,h&book on ! ,!ory ( ,col\r w be f\nd extremely useful1 n only to ! art /ud5t1 b also to ! craftsman1 ^: bus9ess x is to manipulate pigm5ts & dyes4--,nott+ham ,daily ,gu>dian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,textile ,,raw ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,_! ,,conv]sion ,,into ,,y>ns4 7,! ,/udy ( ! ,raw ,mat]ials & ! ,te*nology ( ! ,sp9n+ ,process47 ,text-book = ,textile1 ,trade & ,high] ,te*nical ,s*ools4 ,by ,,julius ,,zips]4 ,translat$ f ,g]man by ,,*>les ,,salt]4 #cjb ,illu/rations4 #dhj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,raw ,mat]ials3 ,cotton--,wool--,flax--,hemp--,jute--,ha ir--,%e>+ ,%eep--,goat ,wool--,silk--,detection & ,e/imation ( ,textile ,raw ,mat]ials 9 ,y>ns & ,fabrics--,te/s4--,! ,te*nology ( ,sp9n+4 ,cotton ,sp9n+3 ,bale ,break]s--,c>d+--,comb+--,rov+--,mule ,frames--,y>n ,te/+--,humidifi]s4 ,flax ,sp9n+3 ,t[ ,sp9n+--,/r+ ,sp9n+--,c>d$ ,wooll5 ,y>n--,belt ,cond5s]--,f9e ,sp9n+--,y>n ,numb]+4--,manufacture ( ,true ,wor/$ ,y>n3 ,semi-,wor/$ ,y>ns4--,artificial ,wool or ,%oddy ,sp9n+3 ,sp9n+ ,%oddy4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,col\r ,,pr9t+ ,,( ,,c>pet ,,y>ns4 ,a ,useful ,manual = ,col\r ,*emi/s & ,textile ,pr9t]s4 ,by ,,david ,,pat]son1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,sev5te5 ,illu/rations4 #acb pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs4 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,/ructure & ,con/itution ( ,wool ,fibre4--,,ii41 ,y>n ,sc\r+4--,,iii41 ,sc\r+ ,mat]ials4--,,iv41 ,wat] = ,sc\r+4--,v41 ,blea*+ ,c>pet ,y>ns4--,,vi41 ,col\r ,mak+ = ,y>n ,pr9t+4--,,vii41 ,col\r ,pr9t+ ,pa/es4--,,viii41 ,col\r ,recipes = ,y>n ,pr9t+4--,,ix41 ,sci5ce ( ,col\r ,mix+4--,x41 ,mat*+ ( ,col\rs4--,,xi41 ,hank ,pr9t+4--,,xii41 ,pr9t+ ,tape/ry ,c>pet ,y>ns4--,,xiii41 ,y>n ,pr9t+4--,,xiv41 ,/eam+ ,pr9t$ ,y>ns4--,,xv41 ,wa%+ ( ,/eam$ ,y>ns4--,,xvi41 ,anil9e ,col\rs ,suitable = ,y>n ,pr9t+4--,,xvii41 ,gloss>y ( ,dyes & ,dye-w>es us$ 9 ,wood ,y>n ,pr9t+4--,app5dix4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! book is wor?y ! att5tion ( ! trade4--,worce/] ,h]ald4 ,! treatise is arrang$ ) great c>e1 & foll[s ! processes describ$ 9 a mann] at once cle> & conv9c+4--,glasg[ ,record4 ,a mo/ useful manual deal+ 9 an intelligible & int]e/+ mann] ) ! col\r pr9t+ ( c>pet y>ns4--,kidd]m9/] ,times4 ,an em95t exp]t himself1 ! au?or has evid5tly /ra9$ e ef=t 9 ord] to make 8 "w ! /&>d guide ( its class4--,leice/] ,po/4 ,! book1 :i* is admirably pr9t$ & illu/rat$1 %\ld fulfil ! ne$ ( a practical guide 9 ! col\r pr9t+ ( c>pet y>ns4--,nott+ham ,express4 ,! subject is v exhau/ively treat$ 9 all its bran*es4444 ,! "w1 :i* is v well illu/rat$ ) designs1 ma*9es1 & wool fibres1 w be a useful addition to our textile lit]ature4--,nor!rn ,:ig4 ,x gives an acc\nt ( its subject :i* is bo? valuable & in/ructive 9 itself1 & likely to be all ! m welcome because books deal+ ) textile fabrics usually h little or no?+ to say ab\t ?is way ( decorat+ !m4--,scotsman4 ,! "w %[s a ?or\gh grasp ( ! lead+ *>act]i/ics z well z ! m9utiae ( ! indu/ry1 & gives a lucid description ( its *ief dep>tm5ts4444 ,z a text-book 9 te*nical s*ools :]e ?is bran* ( indu/rial education is taught1 ! book is valuable1 or x may be p]us$ ) pleasure z well z pr(it by any "o hav+ an int]e/ 9 textile indu/ries4--,dundee ,c\ri]4 ,! book be>s e m>k ( an ext5sive practical k ( ! subject 9 all its be>+s1 & supplies a real want 9 te*nical lit]ature4 ,*apt]s ,,ix4 & ,x41 on ! sci5ce ( col\r mix+ & col\r mat*+ respectively1 are especially good1 & we d n rememb] to h se5 ! be>+ ( v>i\s k9ds ( light1 & ( ! *anges f "o k9d ( light to ano!r on ! "w ( ! col\ri/1 s well treat$ else:]e4--,dy] & ,calico ,pr9t]4 ,x is ?or\ghly practical1 & conta9s mu* in=mation :i* has n hi!rto appe>$ 9 book =m4 ,x is pleas+ to note t ! practical "p is n cr[d$ out ) purely 'practical recipes'4 ,a few typical examples are giv51 & ! re/ is left to ! common s5se & judgm5t ( ! pr9t] or works' *emi/4 ,ano!r pleas+ feature is ! acc\nts giv5 "h & !re ( ! au?or's own rese>*es on ! subject4 ,! "w w be ( int]e/ to pr9t]s ( wool g5]ally1 & to ^? engag$ 9 ! dye+ ( ?is fibre4--,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,dy]s & ,col\ri/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,blea*+ ,,( ,,l95 ,,& ,,cotton ,,y>n ,,& ,,fabrics4 ,by ,l4 ,,tailf]1 ,*emical & ,me*anical ,eng9e]4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,,john ,,g$des ,,mc9to%1 ,lectur] on ,*emical ,te*nology1 ,london4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #acs4 #f;d2 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,g5]al ,consid]ations on ,blea*+4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,/eep+4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,wa%+3 ,its ,end & ,importance--,roll] ,wa%+ ,ma*9es--,wa% ,:eel 7,da% ,:eel7--,/ocks or ,wa% ,mill--,squeez+4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,lye ,boil+--,lye ,boil+ ) ,milk ( ,lime--,lye ,boil+ ) ,soda ,lyes--,description ( ,lye ,boil+ ,keirs--,op]ations ( ,lye ,boil+--,conc5tration ( ,lyes4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,ma!r & ,platt's ,keir--,description ( ! ,keir--,saturation ( ! ,fabrics--,alkali us$ 9 ,lye ,boil+--,examples ( ,processes4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,soap--,action ( ,soap 9 ,blea*+--,quality & ,quantity ( ,soaps to use 9 ! ,lye--,soap ,lyes or ,scalds--,soap ,sc\r+ ,/ocks4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,blea*+ on ,grass or on ! ,blea*+ ,gre5 or ,lawn4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,*emick+--,rem>ks on ,*lorides & _! ,decol\ris+ ,action--,*emick+ ,ci/]ns--,*emick+--,/r5g?s1 etc4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,s\rs--,prop]ties ( ! ,acids--,effects ,produc$ by ,acids--,s\r+ ,ci/]ns4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,dry+--,dry+ by ,/eam--,dry+ by ,hot ,air--,dry+ by ,air4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,damages to ,fabrics 9 ,blea*+--,y>n ,mildew--,f]m5tation--,iron ,ru/ ,spots--,spots f ,contact ) ,wood--,spots incurr$ on ! ,blea*+ ,gre5--,damages aris+ f ! ,ma*9es4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,examples ( ,me?ods us$ 9 ,blea*+--,l95--,cotton4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,! ,valuation ( ,cau/ic & ,c>bonat$ ,alkali 7,soda7 & ,g5]al ,in=mation ,reg>d+ ^! ,bodies--,object ( ,alkalimetry--,titration ( ,c>bonate ( ,soda--,comp>ative ,table ( ,diff]5t ,degrees ( ,alkalimetrical ,/r5g?--,five ,problems relative to ,c>bonate ( ,soda --,cau/ic ,soda1 its ,prop]ties & ,uses--,mixtures ( ,c>bonat$ & ,cau/ic ,alkali--,note on a ,process ( ,manufactur+ ,cau/ic ,soda & ,mixtures ( ,cau/ic & ,c>bonat$ ,alkali 7soda74 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,*lorometry--,titration--,wagn]'s ,*lorometric ,me?od--,prep>ation ( ,/&>d ,solutions--,app>atus = ,*lor9e ,valuation--,alkali 9 ,excess 9 ,decol\ris+ ,*lorides4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,*lor9e & ,decol\ris+ ,*lorides--,synopsis--,*lor9e--,*loride ( ,lime--,hypo*lorite ( ,soda--,bro*oki's ,*lorozone--,v>i\s ,decol\ris+ ,hypo*lorites--,comp>ison ( ,*loride ( ,lime & ,hypo*lorite ( ,soda4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,wat]--,qualities ( ,wat]--,h>dness--,d]vaux's ,purifi]--,te/+ ! ,purifi$ ,wat]--,diff]5t ,plant = ,purification--,filt]s4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,blea*+ ( ,y>n--,weight ( ,y>n--,lye ,boil+--,*emick+--,wa%+--,blea*+ ( ,cotton ,y>n4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,! ,in/allation ( a ,blea* ,works--,wat] ,supply--,/eam ,boil]s--,/eam ,di/ribution ,pipes--,eng9es--,keirs--,wa%+ ,ma*9es--,/ocks--,wa% ,:eels--,*emick+ & ,s\r+ ,ci/]ns--,v>i\s--,build+s4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,add5da--,en]gy ( ,decol\ris+ ,*lorides & ,blea*+ by ,electricity & ,ozone--,en]gy ( ,decol\ris+ ,*lorides--,*lorides--,production ( ,*lor9e & ,hypo*lorites by ,electrolysis--,lunge's ,process = increas+ ! int5sity ( ! ,blea*+ ,p[] ( ,*loride ( ,lime--,trilf]'s ,process = ,remov+ ! ,excess ( ,lime or ,soda f ,decol\ris+ ,*lorides--,blea*+ by ,ozone4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,col\r ,,mix+4 ,a ,manual int5d$ = ! use ( ,dy]s1 ,calico ,pr9t]s & ,col\r ,*emi/s4 ,by ,,david ,,pat]son1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,=ty-"o ,illu/rations1 ,five ,col\r$ ,plates1 & ,f\r ,plates %[+ ,elev5 ,dy$ ,specim5s ( ,fabrics4 #acb pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,col\r a ,s5sation2 ,col\rs ( ,illum9at$ ,bodies2 ,col\rs ( ,opaque & ,transp>5t ,bodies2 ,surface ,col\r4--,,ii41 ,analysis ( ,light2 ,spectrum2 ,homog5e\s ,col\rs2 ,ready ,me?od ( ,obta9+ a ,spectrum4--,,iii41 ,exam9ation ( ,sol> ,spectrum2 ,! ,spectroscope & ,its ,con/ruction2 ,col\ri/s' ,use ( ! ,spectroscope4--,,iv41 ,col\r by ,absorption2 ,solutions & ,dy$ ,fabrics2 ,di*roic ,col\r$ ,fabrics 9 ,gaslight4--,v41 ,col\r ,prim>ies ( ! ,sci5ti/ v]sus ! ,dy] & ,arti/2 ,col\r ,mix+ by ,rotation & ,lye ,dye+3 ,hue1 ,purity1 ,brightness2 ,t9ts3 ,%ades1 ,scales1 ,tones1 ,sad & ,sombre ,col\rs4--,,vi41 ,col\r ,mix+3 ,pure & ,impure ,gre5s1 ,orange & ,violets2 ,l>ge ,v>iety ( ,%ades f few ,col\rs2 ,consid]ation ( ! ,practical ,prim>ies3 ,r$1 ,yell[ & ,blue4--,,vii41 ,second>y ,col\rs2 ,nom5clature ( ,violet & ,purple ,gr\p2 ,t9ts & ,%ades ( ,violet2 ,*anges 9 ,artificial ,light4--,,viii41 ,t]ti>y ,%ades2 ,brok5 ,hues2 ,absorption ,spectra ( ,t]ti>y ,%ades4--,app5dix3 ,f\r ,plates ) ,dy$ ,specim5s ,illu/rat+ ,text4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! "w has evid5tly be5 prep>$ ) great c>e1 &1 z f> z we c judge1 %\ld be v useful to ! dy] & col\ri/4--,halifax ,c\ri]4 ,! volume1 :i* is cle>ly & popul>ly writt51 %\ld prove ( ! utmo/ s]vice to all :o are conc]n$ ) ! practical use ( col\rs1 :e!r z dy]s or pa9t]s4--,scotsman4 ,to ! practical col\ri/1 & also to te*nical /ud5ts1 ,mr4 ,pat]son's new "w w be v welcome4 ,we are (t5 ask$ to recomm5d books on diff]5t subjects1 & h no hesitation 9 advis+ ! pur*ase ( ! pres5t volume by dy]s & calico pr9t]s1 z conta9+ a mass ( mo/ useful in=mation at a nom9al price4--,iri% ,textile ,j\rnal4 ,mr4 ,pat]son's "w n only cle>ly deals ) ! !ory ( col\r1 b supplies lucid directions = ! practical application ( ! !ory4 ,8 "w w be f\nd exce$+ly helpful1 n only to ! practical col\ri/1 b also to /ud5ts 9 our textile colleges1 by =m+ a useful complem5t to _! class lectures4 ,!re are sev]al exquisitely col\r$ plates & a l>ge numb] ( o!r illu/rations ( !ory & practice 9 col\r bl5d+1 & also a s]ies ( plates ) specim5s ( dy$ fabrics atta*$1 9 explication ( ! au?or's views4--,wakefield ,express4 ,mr4 ,pat]son has little to say ^u ! exp]im5tal aspect or on its /hetics1 b mu* ^u ! !ory ( col\r1 especially z x be>s ^u ! "q--an all-important "o to dy]s1 calico pr9t]s & arti/s1 :o h to produce su* a v>iety ( %ades & t9ts--( ! admixture ( "o col\r ^u ano!r4444 ,! au?or is a dy]1 & 9 8 conclud+ *apt]s keeps well be=e him ! special wants & requirem5ts ( dy]s4 ,he writes pleasantly & lucidly1 & !re is no difficulty 9 foll[+ him1 al?\gh "h & !re a lapse into ambigu\sness occurs4 ,! book is well pr9t$1 g5]\sly suppli$ ) col\r$ plates1 v nicely if n brightly got up2 & ! dy$ patt]ns at ! end enhance ! value ( ! book to ! dy]4--,textile ,m]cury4 ,= "s "t ! proprietors ( ,! ,oil & ,col\rman's ,j\rnal h be5 engag$ 9 ! publication ( a s]ies ( practical h&books int5d$ = ! use ( ^? int]e/$ 9 c]ta9 bran*es ( te*nology1 & ! pres5t volume is ! late/ addition to _! li/4 ,! feature :i* ! works h 9 common--& x is an all-important "o 9 treatises ( ?is sort--is _! em95tly practical "*4 ,! prim>y aim ( ! publi%]s is to provide sci5tific text-books :i* w be helpful to ^? :o are ei!r actively engag$ 9 ! practice ( ! arts 9 "q1 or :o are /udy+ ) t imm$iate end 9 view4444 ,mr4 ,pat]son speaks ) t assur$ k ( an exp]t1 & 9 ! pres5t volume1 z 9 t :i* he has already contribut$ to ! same s]ies1 he sets =? ! true f\ndation ( ! art ( col\r+ 9 a mann] at once compreh5sive & judici\s4444 ,= dy]s1 calico pr9t]s & col\ri/s 9 g5]al1 ^: desire x is to "w ) accuracy 9 _! respective bran*es1 ! treatise w prove an invaluable guide-book1 provid$ ! pr9ciples & me?ods x describes are /udi$ ) intellig5ce & c>e4 ,to ?is end1 e enc\ragem5t has be5 giv5 t well-*os5 examples1 c>efully execut$ plates & diagrams1 & an exhau/ive index c supply4--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,col\r ,,mat*+ ,,on ,,textiles4 ,a ,manual int5d$ = ! use ( ,/ud5ts ( ,col\r ,*emi/ry1 ,dye+ & ,textile ,pr9t+4 ,by ,,david ,,pat]son1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,col\r$ ,frontispiece4 ,tw5ty-n9e ,illu/rations & ,f\rte5 ,specim5s ( ,dy$ ,fabrics ,illu/rat+ ,text4 ,demy #hvo4 #acb pp4 #aija4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,col\r ,vision & ,/ructure ( ! ,eye--,p]ception ( ,col\r--,prim>y & ,complem5t>y ,col\r ,s5sations4--,,ii41 ,daylight = ,col\r ,mat*+--,selection ( a ,good ,pure ,light--,diffus$ ,daylight1 ,direct ,sunlight1 ,blue ,skylight1 ,v>iability ( ,daylight1 etc41 etc4--,,iii41 ,mat*+ ( ,hues--,purity & ,lum9osity ( ,col\rs--,mat*+ ,bright ,hues --,aid ( ,t9t$ ,films--,mat*+ ,difficulties ,aris+ f ,contra/4--,,iv41 ,exam9ation ( ,col\rs by ,reflect$ & ,transmitt$ ,lights--,effect ( ,lu/re & ,transp>5cy ( ,fibres 9 ,col\r ,mat*+4--,v41 ,mat*+ ( ,col\rs on ,velvet ,pile--,optical ,prop]ties ( ,dye-/uffs1 ,di*roism4 ,fluoresc5ce4--,,vi41 ,use ( ,t9t$ ,m$iums--,orange ,film--,defects ( ! ,eye--,yell[+ ( ! ,l5s--,col\r ,bl9dness1 etc4--,,vii41 ,mat*+ ( ,dy$ ,silk ,trimm+s & ,l9+s & ,b9d+s--,its ,difficulties--,behavi\r ( ,%ades 9 ,artificial ,light--,col\r ,mat*+ ( ,old ,fabrics1 etc4--,,viii41 ,exam9ation ( ,dy$ ,col\rs "u ! ,artificial ,lights --,electric ,arc1 ,magnesium & ,dufton1 ,g>dn] ,lights1 ,welsba*1 ,acetyl5e1 etc4--,te/+ ,qualities ( an ,illum9ant4--,,ix41 ,influ5ce ( ! ,absorption ,spectrum 9 ,*anges ( ,hue "u ! ,artificial ,lights--,/udy ( ! ,causes ( ,abnormal ,modifications ( ,hue1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,reissue ( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,dye+ ,,wool1 ,,silk ,,& ,,cotton4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,m4 ,,hellot1 ,m4 ,,macqu] & ,m4 ,,le ,,pileur ,d',,apligny4 ,fir/ ,publi%$ 9 ,engli% 9 #aghi4 ,six ,plates4 ,demy #hvo4 #ddf pp4 #aija4 ,price #es42 ,india & ,colonies1 #es4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #fs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,! ,art ( ,dye+ ,wool & ,wooll5 ,clo?1 ,/uffs1 ,y>n1 ,wor/$1 etc43 ,introduction4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,( ! ,vessels & ,ut5sils us$ 9 ,dye+4--,,ii41 ,( ! ,fix$ & ,fugitive1 commonly call$ ,great & ,little ,dye4--,,iii41 ,( ,col\rs 9 ,gra94 ,dye+ ,wool3 ,,iv41 ,( ,blue4--,v41 ,( ! ,pa/el ,vat--,directions = ! ,prop] ,managem5t ( ! ,vat--,indications :5 ! ,vat has ,suff]$ by too mu* or too little ,lime1 ! two extremes :i* ought c>efully to be avoid$--,! ,prep>ations ( ,indigo = ! ,pa/el ,vat4--,,vi41 ,( ! ,woad ,vat4--,,vii41 ,( ! ,indigo ,vat4--,,viii41 ,( ! ,cold ,indigo ,vat ) ,ur9e--,a ,hot ,indigo ,vat ) ,ur9e--,to ,reheat a ,ur9e ,vat4--,,ix41 ,a ,cold ,indigo ,vat )\t ,ur9e4 --,x41 ,( ! ,me?od ( ,dye+ ,blue4--,,xi41 ,( ,r$4--,,xii41 ,( ,sc>let 9 ,gra91 or ,v5etian ,sc>let4--,,xiii41 ,( ,fire ,sc>let4--,,xiv41 ,( ,crimson4--,,xv41 ,( ,gum ,lac ,sc>let4--,,xvi41 ,( ! ,coccus polonicus1 a ,col\r+ ,insect4--,,xvii41 ,( ,madd] ,r$4--,,xviii41 ,( ,yell[4--,,xix41 ,( ,br[n or ,fawn ,col\r4--,,xx41 ,( ,black4--,,xxi41 ,( ! ,col\rs obta9$ f a ,mixture ( ,blue & ,r$4--,,xxii41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,blue & ,yell[4--,,xxiii41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,blue & ,fawn ,col\r4--,,xxiv41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,blue & ,black4--,,xxv41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,r$ & ,yell[4--,,xxvi41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,r$ & ,fawn4--,,xxvii41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,r$ & ,black4--,,xxviii41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,yell[ & ,fawn ,col\rs4--,,xxix41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,yell[ & ,black4--,,xxx41 ,( ! ,mixture ( ,fawn ,col\r & ,black4--,,xxxi41 ,( ! ,pr9cipal ,mixtures ( ! ,primitive ,col\rs by ,?ree & ,?ree4--,,xxxii41 ,! ,me?od ( ,bl5d+ ,wool ( ,diff]5t ,col\rs = mix$ ,clo? or ,/uffs4--,,xxxiii41 ,! ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,felts = ,trial4--,,xxxiv41 ,! ,me?od ( ,dye+ ,wooll5s ,false ,col\rs4--,,xxxv41 ,( ,flock or ,goats' ,hair4--,,xxxvi41 ,( ,ar*il1 & ! ,me?od ( ,us+ ,x4--,,xxxvii41 ,( ,logwood4--,,xxxviii41 ,( ,brazil ,wood4--,,xxxix41 ,( ,fu/ic--,,xl41 ,r\c\4--,,xli41 ,( ,fr5* ,b]ries4 --,,xlii41 ,( ,turm]ic4--,,xliii41 ,in/ructions = ! ,pro( ,liquor = ,wool & ,wooll5 ,/uffs4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,! ,art ( ,dye+ ,silk3 ,ungumm+ & ,boil+ = ,:ite4--,= ,boil+ ( ,silks ,int5d$ to be ,dy$4--,obs]vations on ,ungumm+ & ,boil+4--,( ,:ite4--,( ,:it5+4--,sulphur+4 --,obs]vations on ,:it5+ & ,sulphur+4--,( ,alum+4--,rem>ks on ,alum+4--,( ,blue4--,rem>ks on ! ,blue ( ,indigo4--,( ,yell[4--,rem>ks on ,yell[4--,aurora1 ,orange1 ,mordore1 ,gold ,col\r & ,*amois4--,r$ & ,crimson4--,rem>ks on ,crimson4--,( ,false ,crimson or ! ,r$ ( ,brazil4--,rem>ks on ! ,r$1 or ,crimson ( ,brazil ,wood4--,( ,sc>let1 ,orange1 ,r$ & ,*]ry ,col\r4--,prep>ation ( ! ,c>?amus or ,ba/>d ,saffron4--,rem>ks on ! ,dye ( ,c>?amus or ,ba/>d ,saffron4--,( ! ,false ,poppy or ,fire ,col\r ,produc$ ) ,brazil ,wood4--,false ,rose ,col\r4--,( ,gre54 --,rem>ks4--,( ,olives4--,rem>ks4--,( ,violet4--,( ,f9e ,violet1 or ,violet 9 ,gra94--,( ,false or ,common ,violets or ,lilac4--,( ! ,violet ( ,logwood4--,rem>ks4--,violet ( ,logwood & ,v]digris4--,violets ( ,brazil & ,logwood4--,rem>ks4--,violets f ,brazil ,wood & ,ar*il4 --,( ,purple1 ,gillyfl[]1 & ( ,f9e ,co*9eal or ,purple4--,( ,false ,purple4--,( ,m>oons1 ,c9namons & ,:ite ,lees4--,rem>ks4--,( ,nut ,greys4 ,?orn ,greys1 ,black & ,iron ,greys & o!rs ( ! same ,species4--,( ,black4--,s(t5+ ( ,black4--,black 9 ! ,raw4--,rem>ks on ,black4--,p>ticul> ,process ,communicat$ by ,m4 ,hellot4--,g5oa ,crimson1 a ,process ,prov$ 9 ,may1 #agdc4--,violet ,crimson ( ,italy4--,half ,violet4--,g5oa ,black = ,velvets4 ,"p ,,iii41 ,! ,art ( ,dye+ ,cotton & ,l95 ,?read1 toge!r ) ! ,me?od ( ,/amp+ ,silks1 ,cottons1 etc43 ,( ,dye+ 9 ,g5]al4--,inquiry conc]n+ ,wool1 ,silk1 ,cotton & ,flax4--,( ,wool4--,( ,silk4--,( ,cotton4--,( ,flax4--,conclusion f ! ,exam9ation ( ,sub/ances ,commonly ,dy$4--,( ,blea*+4--,prep>ation = ,/uffs to be ,dy$4--,a/r+5ts4--,!ory ( ,dye+ ,/uffs ,prep>$ ) ,alum4--,( ,col\r+ ,sub/ances4--,( ,co*9eal & ,col\r+ ,insects4--,( ,madd]4--,( ,vegetables ,furni%+ a ,yell[ ,dye4--,( ! ,col\r+ ,drugs ,us$ 9 ,dye+ )\t ,a/r+5ts4--,( ,indigo4--,( ,sub/ances ,us$ 9 ,dye+ ,fawn & ,root ,col\r4--,( ,c>?amus1 ,r\c\1 etc4--,( ,black4 ,( ,dye+ ( ,cotton ,?read3 ,( ,cleans+4--,( ! ,col\rs ,employ$ = ! ,dye+ ( ,cotton ,?read4--,( ,blue4--,( ,r$4--,adrianople ,r$4--,obs]vations on ?is ,dye4--,( ,yell[4--,( ,gre54--,( ,violet4--,( ,r$ ,c9namon4--,( ,black4--,black = ,l95 & ,cotton ,?read by a ,comb9ation ( ,col\rs4--,( ,grey4--,( ,m ,durable ,greys4--,( ,musk ,col\r4--,olive & ,duck ,gre5s4--,( ,br[ns1 ,m>oons1 ,c(fee ,col\rs1 etc4--,( ,silk ,/uffs ,dy$ ( ,sev]al ,col\rs4--,! ,mann] ( ,/amp+ ,silk1 etc41 9 ,europe4--,( a ,l95 ) a ,blue ,gr\nd & ,:ite ,patt]n4--,( ,saxon ,blue4--,obs]vations on ?is ,dye4--,indexes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,dye+ ,,( ,,cotton ,,fabrics3 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ! ,dy] & ,/ud5t4 ,by ,,frankl9 ,,bee*1 ,practical ,col\ri/ & ,*emi/4 #bgb pp4 ,=ty-f\r ,illu/rations ( ,blea*+ & ,dye+ ,ma*9]y4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs43 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,/ructure & ,*emi/ry ( ! ,cotton ,fibre4--,,ii41 ,sc\r+ & ,blea*+ ( ,cotton4--,,iii41 ,dye+ ,ma*9]y & ,dye+ ,manipulations4--,,iv41 ,pr9cipals & ,practice ( ,cotton ,dye+--#a1 ,direct ,dye+2 #b1 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,metallic ,salts2 #c1 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,develop]s2 #d1 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,c\pl]s2 #e1 ,dye+ on ,tannic ,mordant2 #f1 ,dye+ on ,metallic ,mordant2 #g1 ,production ( ,col\r ,direct ^u ,cotton ,fibres2 #h1 ,dye+ ,cotton by ,impregnation ) ,dye-/uff ,solution4--,v41 ,dye+ ,union 7,mix$ ,cotton & ,wool7 ,fabrics4--,,vi41 ,dye+ ,half ,silk 7,cotton-,silk1 ,sat97 ,fabrics4--,,vii41 ,op]ations foll[+ ,dye+--,wa%+1 ,soap+1 ,dry+4--,,viii41 ,te/+ ( ! ,col\r ( ,dy$ ,fabrics4--,,ix41 ,exp]im5tal ,dye+ & ,comp>ative ,dye ,te/+4--,index4 ,! book conta9s num]\s recipes = ! production on ,cotton ,fabrics ( all k9ds ( a great range ( col\rs1 ?us mak+ x ( great s]vice 9 ! ,dye-h\se1 :ile to ! ,/ud5t x is ( value 9 t ! sci5tific pr9ciples :i* und]lie ! op]ations ( dye+ are cle>ly laid d[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cotton ,,sp9n+ 7,fir/ ,ye>74 ,by ,,?omas ,,?ornley1 ,sp9n+ ,ma/]1 ,bolton ,te*nical ,s*ool4 #afj pp4 #hd ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #cs42 ,abroad1 #cs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,syllabus & ,exam9ation ,pap]s ( ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,cultivation1 ,classification1 ,g9n+1 ,bal+ & ,mix+ ( ! ,raw ,cotton4--,,ii41 ,bale-,break]s1 ,mix+ ,lattices & ,hopp] ,fe$]s--,,iii41 ,op5+ & ,scut*+4--,,iv41 ,c>d+4--,index to ,illu/rations4--,g5]al ,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cotton ,,sp9n+ 7,int]m$iate1 or ,second ,ye>74 ,by ,,?omas ,,?ornley4 #ahj pp4 #gj ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #es42 ,india & ,briti% ,colonies1 #es4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #fs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,syllabuses & ,exam9ation ,pap]s ( ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,! ,comb+ ,process4--,,ii41 ,! ,draw+ ,frame4--,,iii41 ,bobb9 & ,fly ,frames4--,,iv41 ,mule ,sp9n+4--,v41 ,r+ ,sp9n+4--,index to ,illu/rations4--,g5]al ,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cotton ,,sp9n+ 7,hon\rs1 or ,?ird ,ye>74 ,by ,,?omas ,,?ornley4 #baf pp4 #gd ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #es42 ,india & ,briti% ,colonies1 #es4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #fs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,syllabuses & ,exam9ation ,pap]s ( ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,cotton4--,,ii41 ,! ,practical ,manipulation ( ,cotton ,sp9n+ ,ma*9]y4--,,iii41 ,d\bl+ & ,w9d+4--,,iv41 ,reel+4--,v41 ,w>p+4--,,vi41 ,production & ,co/s4--,,vii41 ,ma9 ,driv+4--,,viii41 ,arrangem5t ( ,ma*9]y & ,mill ,plann+4--,,ix41 ,wa/e & ,wa/e ,sp9n+4--,index to ,illu/rations4--,g5]al ,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,books = ,m9+ ,eng9e]s & ,/eam ,us]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,recov]y ,,"w ,,aft] ,,pit ,,fires4 ,a ,description ( ! ,pr9cipal ,me?ods ,pursu$1 especially 9 ,fi]y ,m9es1 & ( ! ,v>i\s ,appliances ,employ$1 su* z ,respiratory & ,rescue ,app>atus1 ,dams1 etc4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,lampre*t1 ,m9+ ,eng9e] & ,manag]4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,illu/rat$ by ,six l>ge ,plates1 conta9+ ,sev5ty-six ,illu/rations4 #age pp41 demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #aas42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #abs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,preface4--,i41 ,causes ( ,pit ,fires3 #a1 ,fires ,result+ f ! ,spontane\s ,ignition ( ,coal2 #b1 ,fires ,caus$ by ,burn+ ,timb]2 #c1 ,fires ,caus$ by ,fire-damp ,explosions4--,,ii41 ,prev5tive ,regulations3 #a1 ,! ,outbreak & ,rapid ,ext5sion ( a ,%aft ,fire c be mo/ reliably prev5t$ by ,employ+ little or no ,combu/ible ,mat]ial 9 ! ,con/ruction ( ! ,%aft2 #b1 ,precautions = ,rapidly ,localis+ an ,outbreak ( ,fire 9 ! ,%aft2 #c1 ,precautions to be ,adopt$ 9 case ^? "u #a & #b ,fail or ,prove ,ineffici5t ,precautions aga9/ ,spontane\s ,ignition ( ,coal4 ,precautions = ,prev5t+ ,explosions ( ,fire-damp & ,coal ,du/4 ,employm5t ( ,electricity 9 ,m9+1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,fi]y ,pits4 ,exp]im5ts on ! ,ignition ( ,fire-damp ,mixtures & ,cl\ds ( ,coal ,du/ by ,electricity4--,,iii41 ,indications ( an ,exi/+-or ,incipi5t ,fire4--,,iv41 ,appliances = ,work+ 9 ,irrespirable ,gases3 #a1 ,respiratory ,app>atus2 #b1 ,app>atus ) ,air ,supply ,pipes1 7a7 ,! ,brem5 ,smoke ,helmet1 7b7 ,! ,mll] ,smoke ,helmet1 7c7 ,! ,/olz ,rescue ,mask2 #c1 ,res]voir ,app>atus3 #d1 ,oxyg5 ,app>atus4 ,! ,s*wann ,respiratory ,app>atus4 ,! ,fleuss ,respiratory ,app>atus4 ,! ,improv$ ,wal*]-,grtn] ,pneumatophor1 7a7 ,! ,s+le ,bottle ,app>atus1 ,in/ructions = us+ ! ,pneumatophor1 ,tak+ to ,pieces & ,resett+ ! ,app>atus ready = ,use2 7b7 ,two ,bottle ,app>atus 7,%amrock ,type74 ,! ,neup]t ,rescue ,app>atus 7,! ,may]-,pil> ,sy/em74--,v4 ,ext+ui%+-,pit ,fires3 7a7,*emical ,means3 7b7 ,ext9ction ) ,wat]4 ,dragg+ d[n ! ,burn+ ,masses & ,pack+ ) ,clay3 7c7 ,insulat+ ! ,seat ( ! ,fire by ,dams4 ,dam ,build+4 ,dam ,"w 9 ! ,fi]y ,pits ( ,s\!rn ,hung>y3 7a7 ,cross-dams ( ,clay2 7b7 ,masonry ,dams1 ,gall]y ,l9+s4 ,wagn]'s ,portable ,safety ,dam4 ,analyses ( ,fire ,gases4 ,isolat+ ! ,seat ( a ,fire ) ,dams3 ,work+ 9 ,irrespirable ,gases 7,gas-div+73 #a1 ,air-,lock ,"w 7,horizontal ,advance7 on ! ,may] ,sy/em z ,pursu$ at ,k>w9 9 #ahid2 #b1 ,air-,lock ,"w 7,horizontal ,advance7 by ! ,mau]h(] ,modifi$ ,sy/em4 ,v]tical ,advance4 ,may] ,sy/em4 ,complete ,isolation ( ! ,pit4 ,flood+ a ,burn+ ,section isolat$ by means ( ,dams4 ,wood5 ,dams3 7a7 ,upright ,balk ,dams2 7b7 ,horizontal ,balk ,dams2 7c7 ,w$ge ,dams1 ,masonry ,dams4 ,examples ( ,cyl9drical & ,dome-%ap$ ,dams4 ,dam ,doors3 ,flood+ ! ,:ole ,pit4--,,vi41 ,rescue ,/ations3 7a7 ,/ations above ,gr\nd2 7b7 ,und]gr\nd ,rescue ,/ations4--,,vii41 ,spontane\s ,ignition ( ,coal 9 ,bulk4--,index4 ,illu/rations4 ,%eet ,i41 ,respiratory & ,rescue ,appliances--,precautions aga9/ ,fire4 ,figs4 #a1 ,smoke ,helmet2 #b1 ,mull]'s ,smoke ,helmet2 #c1 ,l[-pressure ,respiration ,app>atus2 #d1 ,high-pressure ,respiration ,app>atus2 #e1 ,! ,/olz ,mask = ,rescue ,"w3 #f1 ,precautions aga9/ ,fire4--,%eet ,,ii41 ,respiratory & ,rescue ,app>atus4 ,figs4 #a1 ,recov]y ,"w ) ,mull]'s ,smoke ,helmet aft] a ,fire3 #b-h1 ,! ,fleuss ,respiration ,app>atus3 #i1 ,! ,wal*]-,grtn] ,pneumatophor3 #aj-ab1 ,pneumatophor 7,%amrock ,type74--,%eet ,,iii41 ,respiratory & ,rescue ,app>atus--,/ret*]s4 ,figs4 #a-h1 ,rescue ,app>atus manufactur$ by ,o4 ,neup]t's ,successor 7,may]-,pil> ,sy/em72 #a1 ,front ,view2 #b1 ,section ?r\gh ,bag & ,mask2 #c1 ,re> ,view3 #d1 ,app>atus & ,mask laid out ,flat 7view f above72 #e1 ,app>atus & ,mask laid out ,flat 7view f bel[73 #f1 ,lock+ ,device = ,clos+ ,bag2 #g1 ,app>atus ,complete1 ,m\nt$ = ,rescue ,"w2 #h1 ,improv$ ,valve 9 ! ,respiration ,tubes2 #i-ab1 ,/ret*]s4 ,fig4 #i1 ,/ret*] ,cov]$ ) ,br[n ,canvas3 #aj1 ,/ret*] ,cov]$ ) ,br[n ,canvas1 fitt$ ) ,adju/able ,head-re/3 #aa1 ,fold+ ,/ret*] ,cov]$ ) ,br[n ,canvas2 #ab1 ,ruppre*t's ,/ret*] ,cov]$ ) ,br[n ,canvas2 #ac1 ,dr4 ,rhlmann's ,/ret*]4--,%eet ,,iv41 ,dams4 ,figs4 #a-g1 ,r4 ,wagn]s ,portable ,safety ,dam4--,%eet ,v41 ,signall+ ,appliances --,dam ,con/ruction--,cable ,lay+4 ,figs4 #a-c1 ,signall+ ,appliances3 #a1 ,small ,induction ,app>atus = ,pit ,"w2 #b1 ,bell ,signal = ,pit ,"w2 #c1 ,pit ,telephone2 #d-ah1 ,dam ,con/ruction2 #d1 #e1 ,upright ,timb] ,dam2 #f1 #g1 ,timb] ,dam ) ,wood5 ,door2 #h1 #i1 ,dome-%ap$ ,dams2 #aj1aa1 ,dome-%ap$ ,dam ) ,iron ,door2 #ab1ac1 ,! ,w5k] & ,b]n+haus ,lock+ ,device = ,dam ,doors2 #ad-ag1 ,dam ,con/ruction3 #ah1 ,damm+ a ,gall]y ,l9$ ) ,iron3 #ai1 ,support = ,cable4--,%eet ,,vi41 ,work+ ) ,div+ ,ge> 9 ,irrespirable ,gases--,gall]y ,"w4 ,figs4 #a-d1 ,air-,lock ,"w 7,may] ,sy/em72 #e-g4 ,air-,lock 7,mau]h(]'s ,modification ( ! ,may] ,sy/em72 #h-aa1 ,con/ruction ( ,dams at ! ,pluto ,%aft4--,%eet ,,vii41 ,work+ ) ,div+ ,ge> 9 ,irrespirable ,gases 7,may] ,sy/em7--,appliances 9 ! ,%aft4 ,figs4 #a1 #b1 ,sections ( ,%aft & ,air ,app>atus2 #c1 ,salzmann ,r$uc+ ,valve = ,res]ve ,air ,supply2 #d1e1 ,l4 v4 ,brem5's ,respiration ,app>atus ) ,k>w9 ,res]ve ,appliance3 #f1 ,cross ,section ( ! ,franziska ,%aft2 #g1 ,me?od ( ,supply+ ,air to ,ma9 ,pipe & ,w9d+ same on ,drum2 #h1 ,clamp4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,a "w ( ?is extremely valuable "* des]ves to be made widely kn[n among/ colli]y manag]s & m9+ eng9e]s at home & abroad4--,coal & ,iron4 ,?is book is1 9 a mann]1 unique4 ,! lit]ature ( m9+ accid5ts is fairly ext5sive1 b x consi/s l>gely ( dep>tm5tal ,blue ,books4--,%effield ,daily ,telegraph4 ,a concise & lucid description ( ! pr9cipal me?ods pursu$1 especially 9 fi]y m9es1 & ( ! v>i\s appliances employ$1 su* z respiratory & rescue app>atus1 dams1 etc4--,/affs ,adv]tis]4 ,! prev5tion ( spontane\s combu/ion 9 colli]ies & ! ext9ction ( und]gr\nd fires are duties t fall heavily on _m colli]y manag]s4 ,!y %\ld1 !re=e1 welcome ?is translation ( ,mr4 ,lampre*t's ,g]man treatise4--,ironmong]4 ,! book "u notice supplies ! ne$$ full description1 draw+s1 & mode ( us+ ^! new appliances 9 actual fires1 & %\ld be /udi$ by e colli]y manag]1 see+ t ev5 our be/ manag$ colli]ies h n be5 free f fires1 m or less disa/r\s to life & prop]ty4--,colli]y ,manag]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,smoke4 ,comb9$ ) ! ,economical ,combu/ion ( ,fuel4 ,by ,w4,c4 ,,popplewell1 ,m4,sc1 ,a4,m4,in/41 ,c4,e41 ,consult+ ,eng9e]4 #df ,illu/rations4 #aij pp4 #aija4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,introductory4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,fuel & ,combu/ion4--,,ii41 ,h& ,fir+ 9 ,boil] ,furnaces4--,,iii41 ,/ok+ by ,me*anical ,means4--,,iv41 ,p[d]$ ,fuel4--,v41 ,gase\s ,fuel4--,,vi41 ,effici5cy & ,smoke ,te/s ( ,boil]s4--,,vii41 ,"s ,/&>d ,smoke ,trials4--,,viii41 ,! ,legal ,aspect ( ! ,smoke ,"q4--,,ix41 ,! ,be/ ,means to be adopt$ = ! ,prev5tion ( ,smoke4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gas ,,& ,,coal ,,du/ ,,fir+4 ,a ,critical ,review ( ! ,v>i\s ,appliances ,pat5t$ 9 ,g]many = ?is purpose s9ce #ahhe4 ,by ,,alb]t ,p,,ts*4 #acj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,) #ajc ,illu/rations4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,g5]ators--,g5]ators ,employ+ ,/eam--,/irr+ & ,fe$ ,regulat+ ,appliances--,direct ,g5]ators--,burn]s--,reg5]ators & ,recup]ators--,glass ,smelt+ ,furnaces--,metallurgical ,furnaces--,pott]y ,furnace--,coal ,du/ ,fir+4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! "w is wor?y ( p]usal by all consum]s ( fuel4 ,x is exce$+ly well pr9t$ & illu/rat$4--,*emical ,trade ,j\rnal4 ,! book w appeal ) =ce to ! manufactur] z well z to ! te*nical /ud5t1 :il/ x is also ( f> m ?an av]age int]e/ to ! g5]al read]4--,halifax ,gu>dian4 ,! importance t gas & coal du/ fir+ h atta9$ ( rec5t ye>s1 & especially ! great int]e/ atta*+ ( late to ! "q ( coal du/ fir+1 makes ! appe>ance ( ! pres5t volume mo/ opportune4--,iron & ,coal ,trades ,review4 ,! ,g]man au?or has long foll[$ ! developm5t ( v>i\s sy/ems ( gas fir+1 & 9 ! pres5t treatise he discusses ! m]its ( appliances pat5t$ s9ce #ahhe4 ,8 text & ! num]\s illu/rations indisp5sable to x w be f\nd useful by all :o are engag$ 9 practical "w 9 ! same field4--,nor? ,briti% ,daily ,mail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,books on ,plumb+1 ,decorat+1 ,metal ,"w1 etc41 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ext]nal ,,plumb+ ,,"w4 ,a ,treatise on ,lead ,"w = ,ro(s4 ,by ,,john ,w4 ,,h>t1 ,r4,p4,c4 #ahj ,illu/rations4 #bgj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #ahif4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,ca/ ,%eet ,lead4--,,ii41 ,mill$ ,%eet ,lead4--,,iii41 ,ro( ,cesspools4--,,iv41 ,socket ,pipes4--,v41 ,drips4--,,vi41 ,gutt]s4--,,vii41 ,gutt]s 7cont9u$74--,,viii41 ,breaks4--,,ix41 ,circul> ,breaks4--,x41 ,flats--,,xl1 ,flats 7cont9u$74--,,xii41 ,rolls on ,flats4--,,xiii41 ,roll ,ends4--,,xiv41 ,roll ,int]sections4--,,xv41 ,seam ,rolls4--,,xvi41 ,seam ,rolls 7cont9u$74--,,xvii41 ,tack ,fix+s4--,,xviii41 ,/ep ,fla%+s4--,,xix41 ,/ep ,fla%+s 7cont9u$74--,,xx41 ,secret ,gutt]s4--,,xxi41 ,soak]s4--,,xxii41 ,hip & ,valley ,soak]s4--,,xxiii41 ,dorm] ,w9d[s4--,,xxiv41 ,dorm] ,w9d[s 7cont9u$74--,,xxv41 ,dorm] ,tops4--,,xxvi41 ,int]nal ,dorm]s4--,,xxvii41 ,skylights4--,,xxviii41 ,hips & ,ridg+4--,,xxix41 ,hips & ,ridg+ 7cont9u$74--,,xxx41 ,fix+s = ,hips & ,ridg+4--,,xxxi41 ,ornam5tal ,ridg+4--,,xxxii41 ,ornam5tal ,curb ,rolls4--,,xxxiii41 ,curb ,rolls4--,,xxxiv41 ,cornices4--,,xxxv41 ,t[]s & ,f9ials4--,,xxxvi41 ,t[]s & ,f9ials 7cont9u$74--,,xxxvii41,t[]s & ,f9ials 7cont9u$74--,,xxxviii41 ,domes4--,,xxxix41 ,domes 7cont9u$74--,,xl41 ,ornam5tal ,lead ,"w4--,,xli41 ,ra9 ,wat] ,heads4--,,xlii41 ,ra9 ,wat] ,heads 7cont9u$74--,,xliii41 ,ra9 ,wat] ,heads 7cont9u$74 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is is an em95tly practical & well-illu/rat$ volume on ! managem5t ( ext]nal lead "w4--,birm+ham ,daily ,po/4 ,x is ?or\ghly practical1 conta9+ _m valuable h9ts1 & _c fail to be ( great b5efit to ^? :o h n _h l>ge exp]i5ce4--,sanit>y ,j\rnal4 ,works on sanit>y plumb+ are by no means r>e1 b treatises deal+ ) ext]nal plumb+ "w are suffici5tly sc>ce to ensure = ,mr4 ,h>t's new publication a he>ty reception4--,! ,ironmong]4 ,) ,mr4 ,h>ts treatise 9 8 h&s ! "y plumb] ne$ n be afraid ( tackl+ outside "w4 ,he w\ld d well to /udy its pages at leisure1 s t he may be ready = x :5 call$ ^u4--,ironmong]y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h9ts ,,to ,,plumb]s ,,on ,,jo9t ,,wip+1 ,,pipe ,,b5d+ ,,& ,,lead ,,burn+4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,correct$4 ,by ,,john ,w4 ,,h>t1 ,r4,p4,c4 #ahd ,illu/rations4 #cac pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aija4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction4--,*apt]s ,i41 ,pipe ,b5d+4--,,ii41 ,pipe ,b5d+ 7cont9u$74--,,iii41 ,pipe ,b5d+ 7cont9u$74--,,iv41 ,squ>e ,pipe ,b5d+s4--,v41 ,half-circul> ,elb[s4--,,vi41 ,curv$ ,b5ds on ,squ>e ,pipe4--,,vii41 ,boss$ ,b5ds4--,,viii41 ,curv$ ,pl9? ,b5ds4--,,ix41 ,ra9-wat] ,%oes on ,squ>e ,pipe4--,x41 ,curv$ & ,angle ,b5ds4--,,xl1 ,squ>e ,pipe ,fix+s4--,,xii41 ,jo9t-wip+4--,,xiii41 ,sub/itutes = ,wip$ ,jo9ts4--,,xiv41 ,prep>+ ,wip$ ,jo9ts4--,,xv41 ,jo9t ,fix+s4--,,xvi41 ,plumb+ ,irons4--,,xvii41 ,jo9t ,fix+s4--,,xviii41 ,use ( ,t\* 9 ,sold]+4--,,xix41 ,und]h& ,jo9ts4--,,xx41 ,bl[n & ,copp] ,bit ,jo9ts4--,,xxl1 ,bran* ,jo9ts4--,,xxii41 ,bran* ,jo9ts 7cont9u$74--,,xxiii41 ,block ,jo9ts4--,,xxiv41 ,block ,jo9ts 7cont9u$74--,,xxv41 ,block ,fix+s4--,,xxvi41 ,a/ragal ,jo9ts--,pipe ,fix+s4--,,xxvii41 ,l>ge ,bran* ,jo9ts4--,,xxviii41 ,l>ge ,und]h& ,jo9ts4--,,xxix41 ,sold]s4--,,xxx41 ,autog5\s ,sold]+ or ,lead ,burn+4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,ri* 9 useful diagrams z well z 9 h9ts4--,liv]pool ,m]cury4 ,! pap]s are em95tly practical1 & g mu* f>!r into ! my/]ies !y describe ?an ! title ',h9ts' prop]ly sugge/s4--,scotsman4 ,! articles are app>5tly writt5 by a ?or\ghly practical man4 ,z a practical guide ! book w d\btless be ( mu* s]vice4--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 ,s f> z ! practical h9ts 9 ?is "w are conc]n$1 x w be useful to appr5tices & /ud5ts 9 te*nical s*ools1 z x deals ma9ly ) ! mo/ important or difficult bran*es ( ! plumb]'s craft1 viz41 jo9t wip+1 pipe b5d+ & lead burn+4444 ',h9ts' are ! mo/ useful ?+s to an appr5tice1 & !re are _m 9 ?is "w :i* are n to be f\nd 9 "s ( ! text-books4--,engli% ,me*anic4 #bb ,,pryme ,,/reet1 ,,hull1 #bd? ,novemb]1 #ahid4 ,g5tlem51--,y\r books to h& = :i* accept my be/ ?anks1 also = circul>s4 ,i myself got "o ( ,j4,w4 ,h>t's books on ,plumb+ f y\r travell]1 & hav+ look$ ?r\gh ! same ,i c safely recomm5d x z be+ ! be/ book ,i h se54 ,mr4 ,j4,w4 ,h>t treats exhau/ively ^u sold]+ & pipe b5d+1 :i* are two ( ! mo/ ess5tial bran*es 9 ! plumb+ trade4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,dipp+1 ,,burni%+1 ,,lacqu]+ ,,& ,,bronz+ ,,brass ,,w>e4 ,by ,w4 ,,norman ,,br[n4 #ce pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #bs42 ,abroad1 #bs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,cleans+ & ,dipp+2 ,boil+ up & ,cleans+3 ,dipp+4--,,ii41 ,scrat*-bru%+ & ,burni%+2 ,poli%+2 ,burni%+4--,,iii41 ,lacqu]+2 ,tools2 ,lacqu]s4--,,iv41 ,bronz+2 ,black ,bronz+2 ,flor5t9e ,r$ ,bronz+2 ,gre5 ,bronz+4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,mr4 ,br[n is cle>ly a ma/] ( 8 craft1 & has also ! imm5se advantage ( be+ able to convey 8 in/ructions 9 a mann] at once cle> & concise4--,leice/] ,po/4 ,a ?or\ghly practical little treatise on ! subject 9 all its bran*es1 & "o :i* %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e tradesman or amateur :o has lacqu]+ to d4--,iri% ,build]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,work%op ,,wr9kles = ,decorators1 ,pa9t]s1 ,pap]hang]s & ,o!rs4 ,by ,w4,n4 ,,br[n4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abh pp4 #aija4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 ,abroad1 #cs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,p>ts ,i41 ,decorat+4--,,ii41 ,pa9t+4--,,iii41 ,pap]-hang+4--,,iv41 ,miscellane\s4 ,arrang$ 9 alphabetical ord]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h\se ,,decorat+ ,,& ,,pa9t+4 ,by ,w4 ,,norman ,,br[n4 ,eighty-eight ,illu/rations4 #aej pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #cs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #ds42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #ds4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,tools & ,appliances4--,,ii41 ,col\rs & ,_! ,h>mony4--,,iii41 ,pigm5ts & ,m$ia4--,,iv41 ,pigm5ts & ,m$ia4--,v41 ,pigm5ts & ,m$ia4--,,vi41 ,pigm5ts & ,m$ia4--,,vii41 ,prep>ation ( ,"w1 etc4--,,viii41 ,application ( ,ord9>y ,col\r4--,,ix41 ,gra9+4--,x41 ,gra9+4--,,xi41 ,gra9+4--,,xii41 ,gild+4--,,xiii41 ,writ+ & ,lett]+4--,,xiv41 ,sign ,pa9t+4--,,xv41 ,int]nal ,decoration4--,index4 ,press ,op9ion4 ,! au?or is evid5tly v ?or\ghly at home 9 reg>d to ! te*nical subjects he has set himself to elucidate1 f ! me*anical r ?an ! arti/ic po9t ( view1 al?\gh ! matt] ( correctness ( ta/e is by no means ignor$4 ,mr4 ,br[n's /yle is directness itself1 & !re is no tyro 9 ! pa9t+ trade1 h[ev] m5tally ungift$1 :o c\ld fail to c>ry away a cle>] grasp ( ! details ( ! subject aft] go+ ov] ! p]=mance4--,build+ ,indu/ries4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,decorative ,,art4 ,by ,w4 ,,norman ,,br[n4 ,?irty-n9e ,illu/rations4 #if pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aijj4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 ,abroad1 #cs42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,primitive & ,prehi/oric ,art4--,,ii41 ,egyptian ,art4--,,iii41 ,assyrian ,art4--,,iv41 ,! ,art ( ,asia ,m9or4--,v41 ,etruscan ,art4--,,vi41 ,greek ,art4--,,vii41 ,roman ,art4--,,viii41 ,byzant9e ,art4--,,ix41 ,lomb>d or ,romanesque ,art4--,x41 ,go?ic ,art4--,,xi41 ,r5aissance ,art4--,,xii41 ,! ,victorian ,p]iod4--,index4 ,press ,op9ion4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a hundr$ pages ) "s =ty illu/rations ,mr4 ,br[n gives a v int]e/+ & compreh5sive survey ( ! progress & developm5t ( decorative art4 ,x _c1 ( c\rse1 be pret5d$ t 9 ! limit$ space nam$ ! subject is treat$ exhau/ively & 9 full detail1 b x is suffici5tly complete to satisfy any ord9>y read]2 inde$1 = g5]al purposes1 x is1 p]haps1 m acceptable ?an a m elaborate treatise4--,midl& ,c\nties ,h]ald4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,h&book ,,on ,,japann+ ,,& ,,enamell+ ,,= ,,cycles1 ,,b$/eads1 ,,t9w>e1 ,,etc4 ,by ,,william ,,norman ,,br[n4 ,price #bs4 net4 ,ready4 ,cont5ts4 ,a ,few ,words on ,enamell+--,appliances & ,app>atus--,japans or ,enamels--,to ,te/ ,enamel = ,lead--,japann+ or ,enamell+ ,metals--,japann+ ,t91 su* z ,tea ,trays1 & simil> ,goods--,enamell+ ,old ,"w--,enamel = ,ca/ ,iron--,enamel = ,copp] ,cook+ ,ut5sils--,! ,enamell+ ,/ove--,enamell+ ,b$/eads1 ,frames & simil> l>ge pieces--,pa9ts & ,v>ni%es = ,metallic ,surfaces--,v>ni%es = ,ironwork--,black+ = ,iron--,processes = ,t9 ,plat+--,galvanis+--,metal ,poli%es--,col\rs = ,poli%$ ,brass--,a ,gold5 ,v>ni% = ,metal--,pa9t+ on ,z9c--,c>riage ,v>ni%--,japanese ,v>ni% & its ,application4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,hot ,,wat] ,,supply4 ,by ,,john ,w4 ,,h>t1 ,r4,p4,c4 ,) #abi ,illu/rations4 #aijj4 #agg pp41 demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #hs42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #hs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt]s ,i41 ,wat] ,circulation4--,,ii41 ,! ,tank ,sy/em4--,,iii41 ,pipes & ,jo9ts4--,,iv41 ,! ,cyl9d] ,sy/em4--,v41 ,boil]s = ! ,cyl9d] ,sy/em4--,,vi41 ,! ,cyl9d] ,sy/em4--,,vii41 ,! ,comb9$ ,tank & ,cyl9d] ,sy/em4--,,viii41 ,comb9$ ,indep5d5t & ,kit*5 ,boil]4--,,ix41 ,comb9$ ,cyl9d] & ,tank ,sy/em ) ,duplicate ,boil]s4--,x41 ,indirect ,heat+ & ,boil] ,explosions4--,,xi41 ,pipe ,boil]s4--,,xii41 ,safety ,valves4--,,xiii41 ,safety ,valves4--,,xiv41 ,! ,am]ican ,sy/em4--,,xv41 ,heat+ ,wat] by ,/eam4--,,xvi41 ,/eam ,kettles & ,jets4--,,xvii41 ,heat+ ,p[] ( ,/eam4--,,xviii41 ,cov]+ = ,hot ,wat] ,pipes4--,index4 ,press ,op9ion4 ,if all plumb]s 7 to read ?is book1 & if !y foll[$ ! in/ructions giv51 !re w\ld1 we are sure1 be few] accid5ts f h\sehold boil] explosions1 & _m lives might be sav$4 ,no d\bt ! majority ( h\sehold]s "k or c>e little ab\t ! subject1 b any "o :o wi%es to adopt ! mo/ up-to-date sy/em ( supply+ hot wat] ?r\gh\t 8 h\se w be able to d s if he reads ,mr4 ,h>t's book & foll[s ! in/ruction giv54 ,x is a "w t all :o h *>ge ( dome/ic wat] supply %\ld /udy4 ,x is a practical & pr(itable book4--,wig> ,obs]v]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,brew+ & ,botanical4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hops ,,9 ,,_! ,,botanical1 ,,agricultural ,,& ,,te*nical ,,aspect1 ,,& ,,z ,,an ,,article ,,( ,,comm]ce4 ,by ,,emmanuel ,,gross1 ,pr(essor at ! ,high] ,agricultural ,college1 ,tets*5-,liebw]d4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,sev5ty-eight ,illu/rations4 #aijj4 #cdj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d42 ,india & ,colonies1 #acs4 #f;d42 ,o!r ,c\ntries1 #aes42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i41 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,hop4 ,,"p ,,ii41 ,,! ,,hop ,,plant4 ,introductory4--,! ,roots4--,! ,/em & ,leaves4--,infloresc5ce & ,fl[]3 ,infloresc5ce & ,fl[] ( ! ,male ,hop3 ,infloresc5ce & ,fl[] ( ! ,female ,hop4--,! ,fruit & its ,gl&ul> ,/ructure3 ,! ,fruit & ,se$4--,propagation & ,selection ( ! ,hop4--,v>ieties ( ! ,hop3 7a7 ,r$ ,hops2 7b7 ,gre5 ,hops2 7c7 ,pale ,gre5 ,hops4--,classification accord+ to ! ,p]iod ( ,rip5+3 #a4 ,e>ly ,augu/ ,hops2 #b4 ,m$ium ,e>ly ,hops2 #c4 ,late ,hops4--,injuries to ,gr[?3 ,mal=mations2 ,diseases ,produc$ by ,conditions ( ,soil & ,climate3 #a4 ,leaves ,turn+ ,yell[1 #b4 ,summ] or ,sun-br&1 #c4 ,cones ,dropp+ ,(f1 #d4 ,honey ,dew1 #e4 ,damage f ,w9d1 ,hail & ,ra92 ,vegetable ,enemies ( ! ,hop3 ,animal ,enemies ( ! ,hop4--,b5eficial ,insects on ,hops4 ,,"p ,,iii41 ,,cultivation4 ,! ,requirem5ts ( ! ,hop 9 ,respect ( ,climate1 ,soil & ,situation3 ,climate2 ,soil2 ,situation1--,selection ( ,v>iety & ,cutt+s4--,plant+ a ,hop ,g>d53 ,dra9age2 ,prep>+ ! ,gr\nd2 ,m>k+-out = ,plant+2 ,plant+2 ,cultivation & ,cropp+ ( ! ,hop ,g>d5 9 ! ,fir/ ,ye>4--,"w to be ,p]=m$ ,annually 9 ! ,hop ,g>d53 ,work+ ! ,gr\nd2 ,cutt+2 ,! ,non-cutt+ ,sy/em2 ,! ,prop] ,p]=mance ( ! ,op]ation ( ,cutt+3 ,i4 ,me?od ( ,cutt+3 ,close ,cutt+1 ,ord9>y ,cutt+1 ,! ,long ,cut1 ,! ,topp+ ,cut2 ,,ii4 ,prop] ,season = ,cutt+3 ,autumn ,cutt+1 ,spr+ ,cutt+3 ,manur+2 ,tra9+ ! ,hop ,plant3 ,pol$ ,g>d5s1 ,frame ,tra9+2 ,pr9cipal ,types ( ,frames3 ,prun+1 ,cropp+1 ,topp+1 & ,leaf ,/ripp+ ! ,hop ,plant2 ,pick+1 ,dry+ & ,bagg+4--,pr9cipal & ,subsidi>y ,utilisation ( ,hops & ,hop ,g>d5s4--,life ( a ,hop ,g>d52 ,subsequ5t ,cropp+4--,co/ ( ,production1 ,yield & ,sell+ ,prices4 ,,"p ,,iv4--,pres]vation & ,/orage4--,physical & ,*emical ,/ructure ( ! ,hop ,cone4--,judg+ ! ,value ( ,hops4 ,,"p ,v4--,/ati/ics ( ,production4--,! ,hop ,trade4--,index4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,! subject is dealt ) fully 9 e little detail2 consequ5tly1 ev5 ! v]ie/ tyro c take away "s useful in=mation f its pages4--,iri% ,f>m+ ,_w4 ,f>m]s are b little giv5 to read+2 b n[adays brew]s h to /udy _! trade & keep abrea/ ( its e aspect1 & z f> z reg>ds our trade1 to !m ?is book especially appeals1 & w be especially useful4--,lic5s$ ,victuall]s' ,gazette4 ,l an oasis 9 ! des]t comes a volume ^u ! above subject1 by ! ,pr(essor at ! ,high] ,agricultural ,college1 ,tets*5-,liebw]d1 ,g]many1 :o has be5 =tunate en\gh to obta9 an excell5t translator f ! ,g]man 9 ! p]son ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,salt]4 ,! paucity ( works ^u ! hi/ory & cultivation ( hops is surpris+ consid]+ ! scope x gives = an int]e/+ & useful "w4--,h]e=d ,times4 ,we c safely say t ?is book deals m compreh5sively & ?or\ghly ) ! subject ( hops ?an any "w previ\sly publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry4444 ,no "o int]e/$ 9 ! hop indu/ry c fail to extract a l>ge am\nt ( in=mation f ,pr(essor ,gross's pages1 :i*1 al?\gh prim>ily int5d$ = ,cont95tal read]s1 yet be> v closely on :at may be t]m$ ! cosmopolitan aspects ( ! sci5ce ( hop production4--,s\? ,ea/]n ,gazette4 ,?is is1 9 our op9ion1 ! mo/ s*ol>ly & exhau/ive treatise on ! subject ( hops1 _! culture & pres]vation1 etc41 t has be5 publi%$1 & to ! hop gr[] especially w its in=mation & recomm5dations prove valuable4 ,brew]s1 too1 w f9d ! *apt] devot$ to ',judg+ ! ,value ( ,hops' full ( useful h9ts1 :ile ! :ole scope & t5or ( ! book be> te/imony to ! /udi\s & c>eful mann] 9 :i* its cont5ts h be5 elaborat$4--,brew]s' ,j\rnal4 ,consid]+ ! ext5t to :i* ?is c\ntry draws its hop supplies f abroad1 ?is translation ( ,pr(essor ,gross's volume w prove an int]e/+ & in/ructive addition to ! libr>y ( any brew] or brew]s' *emi/1 ! m s z ! "w ( translation has be5 admirably c>ri$ out 9 simple & vigor\s ,engli%4444 ,! volume is "o ( a valuable s]ies ( special te*nical works = trades & pr(essions ! publi%]s are issu+1 & is ! fir/ s f> deal+ ) ! brew+ indu/ry4--,burton ,mail4 ,a "w ^u ! above subject mu/ be welcom$ if = no o!r reason ?an ! de>? ( books deal+ ) s int]e/+ a !me1 b =tunately ap>t f ?is ! book w af=d excell5t read+ to all int]e/$ 9 hops & _! culture4 ,pr(essor ,gross takes "o ov] ! :ole field1 by comm5c+ ) ! e>lie/ hi/ory ( ! plant--s f> back z ! days ( anci5t ,greece--& f bo? practical1 !oretical & sci5tific /&po9ts1 deals ) ! cultivation1 classification & =mation ( ! hop4444 ,9 speak+ ( ! production ( new v>ieties s\nd in=mation is giv51 & %\ld be ( value to ^? :o are always 9 se>* ( improvem5ts4--,h]e=d ,j\rnal4 ,?is "w is1 )\t d\bt1 ! mo/ ?or\gh & ext5sive compilation on hops ev] yet (f]$ to ! public1 & = ?is reason %\ld be w>mly welcom$ & appreciat$ by m5 int]e/$ 9 ! subject4 ,al?\gh prim>ily writt5 = ^? engag$ 9 ! indu/ry abroad1 & ma9ly ,cont95tal 9 !ory & practice1 x nev]!less appeals to ^? connect$ ) ! hop gr[+ & brew+ bus9ess 9 ,engl&1 n only by way ( a comp>ison1 b also z an in/ruction4 ,! volume is at once practical & sci5tific1 is well got up1 & teems ) illu/rations & /ati/ics4 ,9 a ^w1 x is a book t %\ld f9d its way into ! h&s ( all :o are occupi$ 9 hop production & di/ribution at home2 & x also conta9s valuable in=mation & sugge/ions = ! brew]s !mselves4--,brew]s' ,gu>dian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,public ,libr>ies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,briti% ,,libr>y ,,ye> ,,book1 #aijj-aija4 ,a ,record ( ,libr>y ,progress & ,"w4 #ed ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #cde pp4 #aijj4 ,edit$ by ,,?omas ,,gre5wood4 ,price #cs42 abroad1 #cs4 #f;d42 /rictly net4 ,cont5ts4 ,notes = ,libr>y ,committees4 ,contribut$ ,articles3 ,! ,libr>y ,rate4 ,"s ,po9ts 9 ,libr>y ,plann+--,mr4 ,burgoyne4 ,libr>y ,classification--,mr4 ,ja/4 ,developm5ts 9 ,libr>y ,catalogu+--,mr4 ,qu9n4 ,*ildr5 & ,public ,libr>ies--,mr4 ,ball+]4 ,fire ,prev5tion & ,insurance--,mr4 ,davis4 ,! ,educational ,"w ( ! ,libr>y ,association--,mr4 ,rob]ts4 ,! ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association--,mr4 ,*amb]s4 ,briti% ,municipal ,libr>ies e/abli%$ "u ! v>i\s ,public ,libr>ies or ,special ,acts1 & ^? support$ out ( ,municipal ,funds giv+ p>ticul>s ( ,e/abli%m5t1 ,organisation1 ,/aff1 ,me?ods & ,libr>ians4 ,table %[+ ! ,rate1 ,income1 ,"w & ,h\rs ( ! ,rate-support$ ,libr>ies4 ,/ati/ical ,ab/racts4 ,briti% non-,municipal ,libr>ies1 ,end[$1 ,collegiate1 ,propriet>y & o!rs1 %[+ date ( ,e/abli%m5t1 numb] ( ,volumes1 ,p>ticul>s ( ,adm9i/ration1 & ,libr>ians4 ,libr>y ,associations & ,k9dr$ ,societies4 ,press ,op9ions4 ,?is is a h&book :i* tells ! read] ev]y?+ ab\t public libr>ies1 great & small1 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4444 ,! book is decid$ly "o ( ! be/ arrang$ volumes ev] publi%$1 & !re is no d\bt t ! editor has be5 at great pa9s to obta9 ! late/ & mo/ accurate in=mation f all places4 ,c\nty1 di/rict & p>i% c\ncils1 m9i/]s ( religion1 & s*oolma/]s ev]y:]e %\ld make !mselves acqua9t$ ) its cont5ts4 ,its p]usal _c fail to s]ve ! ends ( ! libr>y movem5t4 ,! illu/rations1 ( :i* !re is a l>ge numb]1 are v good4--,we/]n 7,c>diff7 ,mail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,works ,,9 ,,prep>ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,sid]ology 7,! ,sci5ce ( ,iron74 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,,hanks ,,freih]r v4 ,z,,ptn]4 ,,/a9$ ,,glass 7,anci5t & ,mod]n7 & ,,fret ,,lead ,,glaz+4 ,by ,e4,r4 ,,suffl+4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,clo? ,,f9i%+4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,beaumont1 ( ,york%ire ,college1 ,le$s4 ,,india-,,rubb]2 ,,gutta ,,p]*a4 ,,evaporation1 ,,cond5sation ,,& ,,cool+4 ,calculations ( ,dim5sions ( ,app>atus4 ,by ,e4 ,,hausbr&4 ,tables4 ,= ,*emi/s1 ,*emical & ,me*anical ,eng9e]s4 ,,! ,,*emical ,,te*nology ,,( ,,textile ,,fibres4 ,sp9n+1 ,wa%+1 ,blea*+1 ,dye+1 ,pr9t+ & ,f9i%+4 ,by ,dr4 ,g4 von ,,georgievics4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,weav+ ,,ma*9]y4 ,?ree ,vols4 ,by ,,h>ry ,,nisbet4 ,,col\r ,,t]ms3 ,,_! ,,prop] ,,use ,,& ,,mean+4 ,by ,,david ,,pat]son4 ,,lead ,,& ,,its ,,comp\nds4 ,by ,,?os4 ,,lamb]t4 ,,cotton ,,comb]s ,,& ,,! ,,comb+ ,,process4 ,by ,,?os4 ,,?ornley4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,timb]4 ,its ,physical & ,*emical ,prop]ties1 ,description1 ,di/ribution ?r\gh\t ! ,_w1 ,=e/s1 ,pres]vation ( ,timb]1 & ,applications4 ,f ! ,fr5* ( ,paul ,*>p5ti]4 #agi ,illu/rations4 ,ab\t #ejj pp4 ,,use ,,( ,,wat] ,,9 ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,arts4 ,composition--,influ5ces--,residual ,wat]--,purification--,analysis4 ,f ! ,fr5* ( ,h4 de la ,c\x4 #ace ,illu/rations4 ,ab\t #ejj pp4 ,,dy]s' ,,mat]ials3 ,an ,introduction to ! ,exam9ation1 ,evaluation & ,application ( ! ,mo/ ,important ,sub/ances ,us$ 9 ,dye+1 ,pr9t+1 ,blea*+ & ,f9i%+4 ,by ,,paul ,,he]mann1 ,ph4,d4 ,translat$ by ,,ar?ur ,c4 ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 7,oxon471 ,b4,sc4 7,lond474 ,9 ! ,press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h&y ,,guides ,,to ,,! ,,*oice ,,( ,,books4 99 99 99 99 99 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,prose ,,fiction4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,te*nical1 ,,trade ,,& ,,comm]cial ,,books4 ,o!rs to foll[4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,publi%]s w advise :5 any ( ! above books are ready to firms s5d+ _! addresses4