,,! ,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,pa9t]s1           
,,sculptors  ,,ar*itects  by  ,,giorgio 
,,vas>i  ,9 ,eight ,volumes  ,vol4 ,"o  
,,cont5ts     ,,cimabue 7#abdj-acjb7    
,,arnolfo ,,di ,,lapo 7#abcb-acaj7      
,,bonanno 7fl4 #aagd-aahf         ,,lapo
 7#aaij-abfj7    ,,niccola ,,&          
,,giovanni ,,pisani fl #abje1 #abgh1    
#abej-acbh7    ,,&rea ,,tafi            
7#abej-acbj7    ,,gaddo ,,gaddi         
7#abei-accc7    ,,m>g>itone 7#abaj-abic7
    ,,giotto 7#abfg-accg7               
,,puccio ,,capanna 7fl4 #acej7          
,,ago/9o ,,& ,,agnolo 7fl4 #abhf-accj7  
,,/efano ,,& ,,ugol9o 7#acja-acej1      
#abfj-acci7    ,,pietro ,,laurati 7di$  
c4 #acej7    ,,&rea ,,pisano            
7#abgj-acdh7    ,,buonamico             
,,buffalmacco 7fl4 #acaa-acea7          
,,ambruogio ,,lor5zetti 7di$ c4 #acch7  
,,pietro ,,cavall9i 7#abei-accd7        
,,simone ,,m>t9i ,,& ,,lippo ,,memmi    
7#abhe-acdd2 di$ #aceg7    ,,preface    
,,to ,,! ,,lives  ,i am aw>e t x is     
commonly held z a fact by mo/ writ]s t  

sculpture1 z well z pa9t+1 0 naturally  
discov]$ orig9ally by ! p ( ,egypt1 &   
also t !re are o!rs :o attribute to !   
,*aldeans ! fir/ r\gh c>v+s ( /atues & !
 fir/ reliefs4 ,9 l mann] !re are ^? :o 
cr$it ! ,greeks ) ! inv5tion ( ! bru% & 
( col\r+4 ,b x is my op9ion t design1   
:i* is ! creative pr9ciple 9 bo? arts1  
came into exi/5ce at ! "t ( ! orig9 (   
all ?+s4 ,:5 ! ,mo/ ,high creat$ ! _w & 
adorn$ ! heav5s ) %9+ lights1 ,8 p]fect 
intellect pass+ ?r\gh ! limpid air &    
alight+ on ! solid e>?1 =m$ man1 ?us    
disclos+ ! fir/ =m ( sculpture & pa9t+ 9
 ! *>m+ inv5tion ( ?+s4 ,:o w d5y t f   
?is man1 z f a liv+ example1 ! ideas (  
/atues & sculpture1 & ! que/ions ( pose 
& ( outl9e1 fir/ took =m2 & f ! fir/    
pictures1 :atev] !y may h be51 arose !  
fir/ ideas ( grace1 unity1 & !          
discordant concords made by ! play (    
lights & %ad[s8 ,?us ! fir/ model f :i* 
! fir/ image ( man arose 0 a lump ( e>?1
 & n )\t reason1 = ! ,div9e ,ar*itect ( 
"t & ( nature1 be+ all p]fection1 wi%$  

to demon/rate1 9 ! imp]fection ( ,8     
mat]ials1 :at c\ld be done to improve   
!m1 j z good sculptors & pa9t]s are 9 ! 
habit ( do+1 :51 by add+ additional     
t\*es & remov+ blemi%es1 !y br+ _!      
imp]fect sket*es to su* a /ate (        
completion & ( p]fection z !y desire4   
,god also end[$ man ) a bright fle%     
col\r1 & ! same %ades may be drawn f !  
e>?1 :i* supplies mat]ials to c\nt]feit 
ev]y?+ :i* occurs 9 pa9t+4 ,x is inde$  
true t x is impossible to feel          
absolutely c]ta9 z to :at /eps m5 took =
 ! imitation ( ! beautiful works (      
,nature 9 ^! arts be=e ! flood1 al?\gh x
 appe>s1 mo/ probable t ev5 !n !y       
practis$ all mann] ( pa9t+ & sculpture2 
= ,bel1 son ( ! pr\d ,nimrod1 ab\t #bjj 
ye>s aft] ! flood1 _h a /atue made1 f   
:i* idolatry aft]w>ds arose2 & 8        
celebrat$ daught]-9-law1 ,semiramis1    
que5 ( ,babylon1 9 ! build+ ( t city1   
introduc$ among ! ornam5ts !re col\r$   
repres5tations f life ( div]s k9ds (    
animals1 z well z ( h]self & ( h] husb& 

,n9us1 ) ! bronze /atues ( h] fa!r1 h]  
"m-9-law1 & h] great-gr&mo!r1 z         
,diodorus relates1 call+ !m ,jove1      
,juno1 & ,ops--,greek names1 :i* did n  
!n exi/4 ,x 01 p]haps1 f ^! /atues t !  
,*aldeans le>n$ to make ! images ( _!   
gods4 ,x is record$ 9 ,g5esis h[ #aej   
ye>s lat]1 :5 ,ra*el 0 flee+ f          
,mesopotamia ) h] husb& ,jacob1 %e /ole 
! idols ( h] fa!r ,laban4 ,nor 7 !      
,*aldeans s+ul> 9 mak+ /atues1 = !      
,egyptians also _h !irs1 devot+ great   
pa9s to ^? arts1 z is %[n by ! m>vell\s 
tomb ( t k+ ( remote antiquity1         
,osim&yas1 describ$ at l5g? by          
,diodorus1 &1 z ! sev]e comm& ( ,moses  
proves1 :51 on leav+ ,egypt1 he gave    
ord]s t no images %\ld be made to ,god1 
^u pa9 ( dea?4 ,moses also1 aft] hav+   
asc5d$ ! ,m\nt1 & hav+ f\nd a gold5 calf
 manufactur$ & ador$ by 8 p1 0 greatly  
tr\bl$ at see+ div9e hon\rs accord$ to !
 image ( a bea/2 s t he n only broke x  
to p[d]1 b1 9 ! puni%m5t ( s great a    
fault1 caus$ ! ,levites to put to dea?  

_m ?\s&s ( ! false ,israelites :o _h    
committ$ ?is idolatry4 ,b z ! s9 consi/$
 9 ador+ idols & n 9 mak+ !m1 x is      
writt5 9 ,exodus t ! art ( design & (   
mak+ /atues1 n only 9 m>ble b 9 all k9ds
 ( metal1 0 giv5 by ! m\? ( ,god himself
 to ,bezaleel1 ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 & to 
,aholiab1 ( ! tribe ( ,dan1 :o made !   
two *]ubim ( gold1 ! c&les1 ! veil1 & ! 
bord]s ( ! sac]dotal ve/m5ts1 toge!r ) a
 numb] ( o!r beautiful ?+s 9 !          
tab]nacle1 = no o!r purpose ?an t p %\ld
 put !m on = _! own adornm5t & delight4 
,f ! ?+s se5 be=e ! flood1 ! pride ( man
 f\nd ! means to make /atues ( ^? :o    
wi%$ _! fame 9 ! _w to be immortal2 & ! 
,greeks1 :o give a diff]5t orig9 to ?is1
 say t ! ,e?iopians f\nd ! fir/ /atues1 
accord+ to ,diodorus1 ! ,egyptians      
imitat$ ^!1 :ile ! ,greeks foll[$ !     
,egyptians4 ,f ?is "t until ,hom]'s day 
x is cle> t sculpture & pa9t+ 7 p]fect1 
z we may see f ! description ( ,a*illes'
 %ield by t div9e poet1 :o repres5ts x )
 su* skill t ! image ( x is pres5t$ to  

our m9ds z cle>ly z if we _h se5 ! ?+   
itself4 ,lactantius ,firmianus          
attributes ! cr$it ( ! inv5tion to      
,prome!us1 :o l ,god =m$ ! human =m out 
( du/4 ,b accord+ to ,pl9y ?is art 0    
introduc$ into ,egypt by ,gyges (       
,lydia1 :o on see+ 8 %ad[ ca/ by ! fire1
 at once drew a repres5tation ( himself 
on ! wall ) a piece ( coal4 ,= "s "t    
aft] t x 0 ! cu/om to draw 9 outl9e     
only1 )\t any col\r+1 ,pl9y aga9 be+ our
 au?ority4 ,?is 0 aft]w>ds introduc$ by 
,philocles ( ,egypt ) consid]able pa9s1 
& also by ,clean!s & ,ardices ( ,cor9? &
 by ,telephanes ( ,sicyon4 ,cleophantes 
( ,cor9? 0 ! fir/ ( ! ,greeks to use    
col\rs1 & ,apollodorus 0 ! fir/ to      
introduce ! bru%4 ,polignotus ( ,?asos1 
,zeuxis & ,timagoras ( ,*alcis1 ,py?ia &
 ,aglaphon foll[$ !m1 all mo/ celebrat$1
 & aft] !m came ! r5[n$ ,apelles :o 0 s 
highly e/eem$ & hon\r$ = 8 skill by     
,alex&] ! ,great1 = 8 wond]ful          
del9eation ( ,calumny & ,fav\r1 z       
,lucian relates4 ,almo/ all ! pa9t]s &  

sculptors 7 ( high excell5ce1 be+       
frequ5tly end[$ by heav51 n only ) !    
additional gift ( poetry1 z we read 9   
,pacuvius1 b also ) t ( philosophy4     
,metrodorus is an in/ance 9 po9t1 = he 0
 equally skill$ z a philosoph] & z a    
pa9t]1 & :5 ,apelles 0 s5t by ! ,a!nians
 to ,paulus ,emilius to adorn 8 triumph 
he rema9$ to tea* philosophy to !       
g5]al's sons4 ,sculpture 0 ?us g5]ally  
practis$ 9 ,greece1 :]e !re fl\ri%$ a   
numb] ( excell5t arti/s1 among !m be+   
,phidias ( ,a!ns1 ,praxiteles &         
,polycletus1 v great ma/]s4 ,lysippus & 
,pyrgoteles :o 7 ( consid]able skill 9  
engrav+1 & ,pygmalion 9 ivory c>v+ 9    
relief1 x be+ record$ ( him t he obta9$ 
life by 8 pray]s = ! figure ( a maid    
c>v$ by him4 ,! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans
 also hon\r$ & rew>d$ pa9t+1 s9ce !y    
grant$ ! citiz5%ip & v lib]al gifts to  
^? :o excell$ 9 ?is art4 ,pa9t+ fl\ri%$ 
9 ,rome to su* an ext5t t ,fabius gave a
 "n to 8 h\se1 subscrib+ himself 9 !    
beautiful ?+s he did 9 ! temple ( safety

 z ,fabius ! pa9t]4 ,by public decree   
slaves 7 prohibit$ f practis+ pa9t+1 & s
 mu* hon\r 0 cont9ually af=d$ by ! p to 
! art & to arti/s t r>e works 7 s5t to  
,rome among ! spoils to appe> 9 !       
triumphs2 excell5t arti/s :o 7 slaves   
obta9$ _! lib]ty & receiv$ notable      
rew>ds f ! republic4 ,! ,romans bore su*
 a rev]5ce = ! art t :5 ! city (        
,syracuse 0 sack$ ,m>cellus gave ord]s t
 8 m5 %\ld treat ) respect a fam\s arti/
 !re1 & also t !y %\ld be c>eful n to   
set fire to a qu>t] 9 :i* !re 0 a v f9e 
picture4 ,?is 0 aft]w>ds c>ri$ to ,rome 
to adorn 8 triumph4 ,to t city 9 ! c\rse
 ( "t almo/ all ! spoils ( ! _w 7       
br\ght1 & ! arti/s !mselves ga!r$ !re   
beside ^! excell5t works4 ,by su* means 
,rome became an exce$+ly beautiful city1
 m ri*ly adorn$ by ! /atues ( =eign     
arti/s ?an by ^? made by natives4 ,x is 
kn[n t 9 ! little isl& city ( ,rhodes   
!re 7 m ?an #cj1jjj /atues1 9 bronze &  
m>ble1 nor did ! ,a!nians possess less1 
:ile ^? ( ,olympus & ,delphi 7 m num]\s 

/ill1 & ^? ( ,cor9? 7 )\t numb]1 all be+
 mo/ beautiful & ( great price4 ,does n 
e "o "k h[ ,nicom$es1 k+ ( ,lycia1      
exp5d$ almo/ all ! weal? ( 8 p ow+ to 8 
passion = a ,v5us by ! h& ( ,praxiteles8
 ,did n ,attalus d ! same8 :o )\t an    
aft]?\ght exp5d$ m ?an #fjjj se/]ces to 
h a picture ( ,bac*us pa9t$ by          
,ari/ides4 ,?is picture 0 plac$ by      
,lucius ,mummius1 ) great pomp to adorn 
,rome1 9 ! temple ( ,c]es4 ,b al?\gh !  
nobility ( ?is art 0 s highly valu$1 x  
is unc]ta9 to :om x owes its orig94 ,z  
,i h already said1 x is f\nd 9 v anci5t 
times  among ! ,*aldeans1 "s attribute !
 hon\r to ! ,e?iopians1 :ile ! ,greeks  
claim x = !mselves4 ,besides ?is !re is 
good reason = suppos+ t ! ,tuscans may h
 _h x e>li]1 z our own ,leon ,bati/a    
,alb]ti ass]ts1 & weighty evid5ce 9     
fav\r ( ?is view is suppli$ by !        
m>vell\s tomb ( ,pors5a at ,*iusi1 :]e n
 long ago "s tiles ( t]racotta 7 f\nd "u
 ! gr\nd1 betwe5 ! walls ( ! ,labyr9?1  
conta9+ "s figures 9 half-relief1 s     

excell5t & s delicately fa%ion$ t x is  
easy to see t art 0 n 9 its infancy at t
 "t1 = to judge by ! p]fection ( ^!     
specim5s x 0 ne>] its z5i? ?an its      
orig94 ,evid5ce to ! same purport is    
suppli$ e day by ! quantity ( pieces (  
r$ & black ,aret9e vases1 made ab\t !   
same "t1 to judge by ! /yle1 ) light    
c>v+s & small figures & sc5es 9         
bas-relief1 & a quantity ( small r\nd   
masks1 clev]ly made by ! ma/]s ( t age1 
& :i* prove ! m5 ( ! "t to h be5 mo/    
skilful & accompli%$ 9 t art4 ,fur!r    
evid5ce is af=d$ by ! /atues f\nd at    
,vit]bo at ! beg9n+ ( ! pontificate (   
,alex&] ,,vi41 %[+ t sculpture 0 valu$ &
 _h advanc$ to no small /ate ( p]fection
 9 ,tuscany4 ,al?\gh ! "t :5 !y 7 made  
is n exactly kn[n1 yet f ! /yle ( !     
figures & f ! mann] ( ! tombs & ( !     
build+s1 no less ?an by ! inscriptions 9
 ,tuscan lett]s1 x may be conjectur$ )  
great reason t !y are ( great antiquity1
 & t !y 7 made at a "t :5 su* ?+s 7     
highly valu$4 ,b :at cle>] evid5ce c be 

desir$ ?an ! discov]y made 9 our own day
 9 ! ye> #aeed ( a bronze figure        
repres5t+ ! ,*imra ( ,bell]ophon1 dur+ !
 excavation ( ! =tifications & walls (  
,arezzo4 ,?is figure exhibits !         
p]fection ( ! art atta9$ by ! ,tuscans4 
,"s small lett]s c>v$ on a paw are      
presum$1 9 ! abs5ce ( a k ( ! ,etruscan 
language1 to give ! ma/]'s "n1 & p]haps 
! date4 ,?is figure1 on acc\nt ( its    
beauty & antiquity1 has be5 plac$ by    
,duke ,cosimo 9 a *amb] 9 8 palace 9 !  
new suite ( rooms :i* conta9s my pa9t+s 
( ! de$s ( ,pope ,leo ,x4 ,! ,duke also 
possesses a numb] ( small bronze figures
 :i* 7 f\nd 9 ! same place4 ,b z !      
antiquity ( ! works ( ! ,greeks1        
,e?iopians1 ,*aldeans1 & ,tuscans is    
envelop$ 9 d>kness1 & because x is      
necess>y 9 su* matt]s to base "o's      
op9ions on conjectures1 al?\gh ^! are n 
s ill f\nd$ t "o is 9 dang] ( go+ v f>  
a/ray1 yet ,i ?9k t anyone :o w take !  
tr\ble to consid] ! matt] c>efully w    
arrive at ! same conclusion z ,i h1 t   

art owes its orig9 to ,nature h]self1 t 
?is beautiful creation ! _w suppli$ !   
fir/ model1 :ile ! orig9al tea*] 0 t    
div9e intellig5ce :i* has n only made u 
sup]ior to ! o!r animals1 b l ,god      
,himself1 if ,i may v5ture to say x4 ,9 
our own "t x has be5 se51 z ,i hope to  
%[ q %ortly1 t simple *ildr51 r\ghly    
br\ght up 9 ! woods1 h begun to draw by 
!mselves aid$ by ! vivacity ( _!        
intellect1 in/ruct$ solely by ! example 
( ^! beautiful pa9t+s & sculptures (    
,nature4 ,mu* m !n is x probable t !    
fir/ m51 be+ less remov$ f _! div9e     
orig91 7 m p]fect1 possess+ a bright]   
intellig5ce1 & t ) ,nature z a guide1 a 
pure intellect = ma/]1 & ! lovely _w z a
 model1 !y orig9at$ ^! noble arts1 & by 
gradually improv+ !m br\ght !m at l5g?1 
f small beg9n+s1 to p]fection4 ,i d n   
d5y t !re mu/ h be5 an orig9ator1 s9ce  
,i "k q well t !re mu/ h be5 a beg9n+ at
 "s "t1 due to "s individual4 ,nei!r w  
,i d5y t x is possible = "o p]son to    
help ano!r1 & to tea* & op5 ! way to    

design1 col\r1 & relief1 because ,i "k t
 our art consi/s entirely ( imitation1  
fir/ ( ,nature1 & !n1 z x _c rise s high
 ( itself1 ( ^? ?+s :i* are produc$ f ! 
ma/]s ) ! greate/ reputation4 ,b ,i w   
say t an attempt to det]m9e ! exact     
id5tity ( su* m5 is a v dang]\s task1 & 
! k :5 ga9$ w\ld probably prove         
unpr(itable1 s9ce we h se5 ! true &     
orig9al root ( all4 ,b ! life & fame (  
arti/s dep5d ^u _! works :i* are de/roy$
 by "t "o aft] ! o!r 9 ! ord] ( _!      
creation4 ,?us ! arti/s !mselves are    
unkn[n z !re 0 no "o to write ab\t !m & 
c\ld n be1 s t ?is s\rce ( k 0 n grant$ 
to po/]ity4 ,b :5 writ]s began to       
commemorate ?+s made be=e _! "t1 !y 7   
unable to speak ( ^? ( :i* !y _h se5 no 
notice1 s t ^? :o came ne>e/ to ^! 7 !  
la/ ( :om no memorial rema9s4 ,?us ,hom]
 is by common cons5t admitt$ to be !    
fir/ ( ! poets1 n because !re 7 none    
be=e him1 = !re 7 al?\gh !y 7 n s       
excell5t1 & 9 8 own works ?is is cle>ly 
%[n1 b because all k ( ^!1 su* z !y 71  

_h be5 lo/ two ?\s& ye>s be=e4 ,b we w  
n[ pass ov] ^! matt]s :i* are too vague 
on acc\nt ( _! antiquity & we w proce$  
to deal ) cle>] que/ions1 namely1 ! rise
 ( ! arts to p]fection1 _! decl9e & _!  
re/oration or r r5aissance1 & "h we /&  
on mu* firm] gr\nd4 ,! practice ( ! arts
 began late 9 ,rome1 if ! fir/ figures  
71 z report$1 ! image ( ,c]es made ( !  
money ( ,spurius ,caasius1 :o 0 condemn$
 to dea? )\t remorse by 8 own fa!r1     
because he 0 plott+ to make himself k+4 
,b al?\gh ! arts ( pa9t+ & sculpture    
cont9u$ to fl\ri% until ! dea? ( ! la/ (
 ! twelve ,cs>s1 yet !y did n ma9ta9  t 
p]fection & excell5ce :i* _h *>act]is$  
!m be=e1 z is se5 z se5 9 ! build+s ( ! 
"t4 ,! arts decl9$ /eadily f day to day1
 until at l5g? by a gradual process !y  
entirety lo/ all p]fection ( design4    
,cle> te/imony to ?is is af=d$ by !     
works 9 sculpture & ar*itecture produc$ 
9 ,rome 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 notably 9 !
 triumphal ar* made = him by ! ,roman p 
at ! ,colosseum1 :]e we see1 t = lack ( 

good ma/]s n only did !y make use (     
m>ble works c>v$ 9 ! "t ( ,trajan1 b    
also ( spoils br\ght to ,rome f v>i\s   
places4 ,^! bas-reliefs1 /atues1 !      
columns1 ! cornices & o!r ornam5ts :i*  
belong to ano!r epo* only s]ve to expose
 ! defects 9 ^? p>ts ( ! "w :i* are     
entirely due to ! sculptors ( ! day &   
:i*  are mo/ rude4 ,v rude also are "s  
sc5es ( small figures 9 m>ble "u !      
circles & ! p$im5t1 repres5t+ victories1
 :ile betwe5 ! side ar*es !re are "s    
riv]s also v crude & s poor t !y leave  
"o firmly "u ! impression t ! art (     
sculpture _h be5 9 a /ate ( decad5ce = a
 long :ile4 ,yet ! ,go?s & ! o!r b>b>\s 
& =eign nations :o comb9$ to de/roy all 
! sup]ior arts 9 ,italy _h n !n appe>$4 
,x is true t ar*itecture suff]$ less ?an
 ! o!r arts ( design4 ,! ba? erect$ by  
,con/ant9e at ! entrance ( ! pr9cipal   
portico ( ! ,lat]an conta9s1 9 addition 
to its porphyry columns1 capitals c>v$ 9
 m>ble & beautifully c>v$ d\ble bases   
tak5 f else:]e1 ! :ole composition ( !  

build+ be+ v well ord]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !
 /ucco1 ! mosaic & "s incru/ations ( !  
walls made by ! ma/]s ( ! "t are n equal
 to ^? :i* _h be5 tak5 away = ! mo/ "p f
 ! temples ( ! gods ( ! hea!n1 & :i*    
,con/ant9e caus$ to be plac$ 9 ! same   
build+4 ,con/ant9e obs]v$ ! same me?ods1
 accord+ to report1 ) ! g>d5 ( quitius 9
 build+ ! temple :i* he aft]w>ds end[$ &
 gave to ,*ri/ian prie/s4 ,9 l mann] !  
magnific5t *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ,lat]an1    
built by ! same emp]or1 may s]ve z      
evid5ce ( ! same fact1 namely1 t        
sculpture _h already greatly decl9$ 9 8 
"t1 because ! figures ( ! ,savi\r & ( ! 
twelve apo/les 9 silv]1 :i* he caus$ to 
be made1 7 v base works1 execut$ )\t art
 & ) v little design4 ,9 addition to    
?is1 x is only necess>y to exam9e !     
m$als ( ?is emp]or1 & o!r /atues made by
 ! sculptors ( 8 day1 :i* are n[ at !   
,capitol1 to cle>ly p]ceive h[ f> remov$
 !y are f ! p]fection ( ! m$als & /atues
 ( ! o!r emp]ors1 all ( :i* ?+s prove t 
sculpture _h greatly decl9$ long be=e ! 

com+ ( ! ,go?s to ,italy4 ,ar*itecture1 
z ,i h said1 ma9ta9$ its excell5ce at a 
high] ?\gh n at ! highe/ level4 ,nor is 
?is a matt] = surprise1 s9ce l>ge       
build+s 7 almo/ entirely con/ruct$ (    
spoils1 s t x 0 easy = ! ar*itects to   
imitate ! old 9 mak+ ! new1 s9ce !y _h !
 =m] cont9ually be=e _! eyes4 ,?is 0 an 
easi] task = !m ?an f> ! sculptors1 z ! 
art ( imitat+ ! good figures ( ! anci5ts
 _h decl9$4 ,a good illu/ration ( ! tru?
 ( ?is /atem5t is af=d$ by ! *ur* ( !   
*ief ( ! apo/les 9 ! ,vatican1 :i* is   
ri* 9 columns1 bases1 capitals1         
ar*itraves1 cornices1 doors & o!r       
incru/ations & ornam5ts :i* 7 all tak5 f
 v>i\s places & build+s1 erect$ be=e t  
"t 9 v magnific5t /yle4 ,! same rem>ks  
apply to ,s4 ,croce at ,j]usalem1 :i*   
,con/ant9e erect$ at ! entreaty ( 8 "m1 
,hel5a2 ( ,s4 ,lor5zo outside ! wall1 & 
( ,s4 ,agnesa1 built by ! same emp]or at
 ! reque/ ( 8 daught] ,con/ance4 ,:o    
also is n aw>e t ! font :i* s]v$ = !    
baptism ( ! latt] & ( "o ( h] si/]s1 0  

ornam5t$ ) fragm5ts ( great antiquity8 z
 7 ! porphyry pill> c>v$ ) beautiful    
figures & "s m>ble c&elabra exquisitely 
c>v$ ) leaves1 & "s *ildr5 9 bas-relief 
( extraord9>y beauty8 ,9 %ort1 by ^! &  
_m o!r signs1 x is cle> t sculpture 0 9 
decad5ce 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 & ) x !   
o!r sup]ior arts4 ,if any?+ 0 requir$ to
 complete _! ru9 x 0 suppli$ by !       
dep>ture ( ,con/ant9e f ,rome :5 he     
transf]r$ ! seat ( gov]nm5t to          
,byzantium1 z he took ) him to ,greece n
 only all ! be/ sculptors & o!r arti/s (
 ! age1 su* z !y 71 b also a quantity ( 
/atues & o!r beautiful works (          
sculpture4  ,aft] ! dep>ture (          
,con/ant9e1 ! ,caes>s :om he left 9     
,italy1 7 cont9ually build+ 9 ,rome &   
else:]e1 endeav\r+ to make ^! works z   
good z possible1 b z we see1 sculpture1 
pa9t+ & ar*itecture 7 /eadily go+ f bad 
to worse4 ,?is arose p]haps f ! fact t  
:5 human affairs beg9 to decl9e1 !y gr[ 
/eadily worse until ! "t comes :5 !y c  
no long] det]iorate any fur!r4 ,9 ! "t (

 ,pope ,lib]ius ! ar*itects ( ! day took
 consid]able pa9s to produce a ma/]piece
 :5 !y built ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 b !y 7
 n v happy 9 ! result1 because al?\gh ! 
build+1 :i* is also mo/ly con/ruct$ (   
spoils1 is ( v fair proportions1 x _c be
 d5i$ t1 n to speak ( o!r defects1 !    
decoration ( ! *ur* ) /ucco & pa9t+     
above ! columns is ( v poor design1 & t 
_m o!r ?+s to be se5 !re leave no d\bt z
 to ! degradation ( ! arts4 ,_m ye>s    
lat]1 :5 ! ,*ri/ians 7 suff]+ p]secution
 "u ,julian ! ,apo/ate1 a *ur* 0 erect$ 
on ! ,celian ,hill to ,,ss4 ,john &     
,paul1 ! m>tyrs1 9 s inf]ior a /yle to !
 o!rs m5tion$ above t x is q cle> t at t
 "t1 art _h all b entirely disappe>$4 ,!
 edifices erect$ 9 ,tuscany at ! same "t
 be> out ?is view to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,! 
*ur* outside ! walls ( ,arezzo1 built to
 ,/ ,donato1 bi%op ( t city1 :o suff]$  
m>tyrdom ) ,hil>ion ! monk1 "u ! same   
,julian ! ,apo/ate1 is 9 no way sup]ior 
to ! o!rs1 & ?is is only "o ( _m4 ,x _c 
be cont5d$ t su* a /ate ( affairs 0 due 

to any?+ b ! lack ( good ar*itects1 s9ce
 ! *ur* 9 "q1 :i* is /ill /&+1 has eight
 sides1 & 0 built ( ! spoils ( ! !atre1 
colosseum & o!r build+s erect$ 9 ,arezzo
 be=e x 0 conv]t$ to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4   
,no exp5se has be5 sp>$1 its columns be+
 ( granite & porphyry & v>iegat$ m>ble  
:i*1 _h =m]ly adorn$ ! anci5t build+s4  
,= my own "p1 ,i h no d\bt1 see+ !      
exp5se incurr$1 t if ! ,aret9es _h be5  
able to employ bett] ar*itects !y w\ld h
 produc$ some?+ m>vell\s1 s9ce :at !y   
actually accompli%$ proves t !y sp>$    
!mselves no?+ 9 ord] to make ?is build+ 
z magnific5t & complete z possible4 ,b z
 ar*itecture _h lo/ less ( its excell5ce
 ?an ! o!r arts1 z ,i h (t5 said be=e1  
"s good ?+s may be se5 !re4 ,at ! same  
p]iod ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,grado 0     
enl>g$ 9 hon\r ( ,/ ,hil>ion1 :o _h liv$
 9 ! city a long "t be=e he accompani$  
,donato to receive ! palm ( m>tyrdom4 ,b
 z ,=tune1 :5 %e has br\ght m5 to ! top 
( ! :eel1 ei!r = amusem5t or because %e 
rep5ts1 usually turns !m to ! bottom1 x 

came to pass aft] ^! ?+s t almo/ all !  
b>b>ian nations rose 9 div]s p>ts ( ! _w
 aga9/ ! ,romans1 ! result be+ !        
abasem5t ( t great empire 9 a %ort "t1 &
 ! de/ruction ( ev]y?+1 notably ( ,rome 
h]self4 ,t fall involv$ ! complete      
de/ruction ( ! mo/ excell5t arti/s1     
sculptors1 pa9t]s & ar*itects :o ab&on$ 
_! pr(ession & 7 !mselves buri$ &       
subm]g$ "u ! debris & ru9s ( t mo/      
celebrat$ city4 ,! fir/ to g 7 pa9t+ &  
sculpture1 z be+ arts :i* s]v$ r =      
pleasure ?an = utility1 ! o!r art1      
namely ar*itecture1 be+ necess>y &      
useful = ! welf>e ( ! body1 cont9u$ 9   
use1 b n 9 its p]fection & purity4 ,! v 
memory ( pa9t+ & sculpture w\ld h       
spe$ily disappe>$ _h !y n repres5t$ be=e
 ! eyes ( ! ris+ g5]ation1 ! di/+ui%$ m5
 ( ano!r age4 ,"s ( !m 7 commemorat$ by 
effigies & by inscriptions plac$ on     
public & private build+s1 su* z         
amphi!atres1 !atres1 ba?s1 aqu$ucts1    
temples1 obelisks1 colosseums1 pyramids1
 ar*es1 res]voirs & treasuries1 yes1 &  

ev5 on ! v tombs4 ,! majority ( ^! 7    
de/roy$ & oblit]at$ by ! b>b>ians1 :o _h
 no?+ human ab\t !m b _! %ape & "n4     
,among o!rs !re 7 ! ,visigo?s1 :o hav+  
made ,al>ic _! k+1 invad$ ,italy & twice
 sack$ ,rome )\t respect = any?+4 ,!    
,v&als :o came f ,africa ) ,g5s]ic1 _!  
k+1 did ! l4 ,b he1 n cont5t ) 8 plund] 
& booty & ! cruelties he inflict$1 l$   
into s]vitude ! p !re1 to _! inf9ite    
woe1 & ) !m ,eudoxia ! wife ( ! ,emp]or 
,val5t9ian1 :o _h only rec5tly be5      
assass9at$ by 8 own soldi]s4 ,^! m5 _h  
greatly deg5]at$ f ! anci5t ,roman      
val\r1 because a great :ile be=e1 ! be/ 
( !m _h all gone to ,con/ant9ople ) !   
,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 & ^? left beh9d 7   
dissolute & ab&on$4 ,?us true m5 & e    
sort ( virtue p]i%$ at ! same "t2 laws1 
habits1 names & tongues suff]$ *ange1 & 
^! v>i$ mis=tunes1 collectively & s+ly1 
debas$ & degrad$ e f9e _s & e l(ty s\l4 
,b ! mo/ h>mful & de/ructive =ce :i*    
op]at$ aga9/ ^! f9e arts 0 ! f]v5t zeal 
( ! new ,*ri/ian religion1 :i*1 aft]    

long & sangu9>y /rife1 _h at l5g?       
vanqui%$ & aboli%$ ! old fai? ( ! hea!n1
 by means ( a numb] ( miracles & by !   
s9c]ity ( its acts4 ,e ef=t 0 put =? to 
remove & utt]ly extirpate ! small] ?+s f
 :i* errors might arise1 & ?us n only 7 
! m>vell\s /atues1 sculptures1 pa9t+s1  
mosaics & ornam5ts ( ! false pagan gods 
de/roy$ & ?r[n d[n1 b also ! memorials &
 hon\rs ( c\ntless excell5t p]sons1 to  
^: di/+ui%$ m]its /atues & o!r memorials
 _h be5 set up by a mo/ virtu\s         
antiquity4 ,besides all ?is1 9 ord] to  
build *ur*es = ! use ( ! ,*ri/ians1 n   
only 7 ! mo/ hon\r$ temples ( ! idols   
de/roy$1 b 9 ord] to ennoble & decorate 
,s4 ,pet]'s ) m ornam5ts ?an x !n       
possess$1 ! mole ( ,hadrian1 n[ ! ca/le 
( ,s4 ,angelo1 0 despoil$ ( its /one    
columns1 z well z ( _m o!r ?+s :i* are  
n[ se5 9 ru9s4  ,n[1 al?\gh ! ,*ri/ian  
religion did n act ?us f any hatr$ =    
tal5t1 b only because ( its contempt = !
 hea!n gods1 yet ! utt] ru9 ( ^!        
hon\rable pr(essions1 :i* entirely lo/  

_! =m1 0 none ! less entirely due to ?is
 burn+ zeal4 ,t no?+ might be want+ to  
^! grave disa/]s !re foll[$ ! rage (    
,totila aga9/ ,rome1 :o de/roy$ ! walls1
 ru9$ all ! mo/ magnific5t & noble      
build+s ) fire & sword1 burn$ x f "o end
 to ano!r1 & hav+ /ripp$ x ( e liv+     
creature left x a prey to ! flames1 s t 
= ! space ( eighte5 days n a liv+ s\l   
c\ld be f\nd !re4 ,he utt]ly de/roy$ !  
m>vell\s /atues1 pa9t+s1 mosaics &      
/uccos1 s t he left ,rome n only /ripp$ 
( e trace ( h] =m] maje/y1 b de/itute ( 
%ape & life4 ,! gr\nd floors ( ! palaces
 & o!r build+ _h be5 adorn$ ) pa9t+s1   
/uccos & /atues1 & ^! 7 buri$ "u !      
debris1 s t _m good ?+s h come to light 
9 our own day4 ,^? :o came aft]1 judg+  
ev]y?+ to be ru9$1 plant$ v9es ov] !m s 
t ^! ru9$ *amb]s rema9$ entirely        
und]gr\nd1 & ! mod]ns h call$ !m grottos
 & ! pa9t+s f\nd !re grotesques4 ,!     
,o/rogo?s be+ ext]m9at$ by ,n>ses1 !    
ru9s ( ,rome 7 inhabit$ 9 a wret*$      
fa%ion :5 aft] an int]val ( a hundr$    

ye>s !re came ! ,emp]or ,con/ans (      
,con/ant9ople1 :o 0 receiv$ 9 a fri5dly 
mann] by ! ,romans4 ,h[ev] he wa/$1     
plund]$ & c>ri$ away ev]y?+ t _h be5    
left 9 ! wret*$ city ( ,rome1 ab&on$ r  
by *ance ?an by ! delib]ate purpose ( ^?
 :o _h laid x wa/e4 ,x is true t he 0 n 
able to enjoy ?is booty1 = be+ driv5 to 
,sicily by a /orm at sea1 he 0 kill$ by 
8 foll[]s1 a fate he ri*ly des]v$1 & ?us
 lo/ 8 spoils1 8 k+dom & 8 life4 ,b z if
 ! tr\bles ( ,rome _h n be5 suffici5t1 =
 ! ?+s :i* _h be5 tak5 away c\ld nev]   
return1 !re came an army ( ,s>ac5s to   
ravage t isl&1 :o c>ri$ away ! prop]ty (
 ! ,sicilians & ! spoils ( ,rome to     
,alex&ria1 to ! inf9ite %ame & loss (   
,italy & ( all ,*ri/5dom4 ,?us :at !    
popes _h n de/roy$1 notably ,/ ,gregory1
 :o is said to h put "u ! ban all t     
rema9$ ( ! /atues & ( ! spoils ( !      
build+s1 f9ally p]i%$ ?r\gh !           
in/rum5tality ( ?is traitor\s ,greek4 ,n
 a trace or a ve/ige ( any good ?+      
rema9$1 s t ! g5]ations :i* foll[$ be+  

r\gh & mat]ial1 p>ticul>ly 9 pa9t+ &    
sculpture1 yet feel+ !mselves impell$ by
 nature & inspir$ by ! atmosph]e ( !    
place1 set !mselves to produce ?+s1 n   
inde$ accord+ to ! rules ( art1 = !y _h 
none1 b z !y 7 in/ruct$ by _! own       
intellig5ce4  ,! arts ( design hav+     
arriv$ at ?is pit*1 bo? be=e & dur+ ! "t
 t ! ,lomb>ds rul$ ,italy1 !y           
subsequ5tly grew worse & worse1 until at
 l5g? !y rea*$ ! l[e/ dep?s ( bas5ess4  
,an in/ance ( _! utt] ta/elessness &    
crud5ess may be se5 9 "s figures ov] !  
door 9 ! portico ( ,s4 ,pet]'s at ,rome1
 9 memory ( "s holy fa!rs :o _h disput$ 
= ,holy ,*ur* 9 c]ta9 c\ncils4 ,fur!r   
evid5ce is suppli$ by a numb] ( examples
 9 ! same /yle 9 ! city & 9 ! :ole ( !  
,ex>*ate ( ,rav5na1 notably "s 9 ,s4    
,m>ia ,rotonda outside t city1 :i* 7    
made %ortly aft] ! ,lomb>ds 7 driv5 f   
,italy4 ,b ,i w n d5y t !re is "o v     
notable & m>vell\s ?+ 9 ?is *ur*1 & t is
 ! vault or cupola :i* cov]s x1 :i* is  
t5 braccia across & s]ves z ! ro( ( !   

build+1 & yet is ( a s+le piece & s l>ge
 t x appe>s impossible t a /one ( ?is   
description1 weigh+ m ?an #bjj1jjj      
p\nds1 c\ld be plac$ s high up4 ,b to   
return to our po9t1 ! ma/]s ( t day     
produc$ no?+ b %apeless & clumsy ?+s :i*
 may /ill be se5 to-day4 ,x 0 ! same )  
ar*itecture1 = x 0 necess>y to build1 & 
z =m & good me?ods 7 lo/ by ! dea? (    
good arti/s & ! de/ruction ( good       
build+s1 ^? :o devot$ !mselves to ?is   
pr(ession built erections devoid ( ord] 
or measure1 & totally defici5t 9 grace1 
proportion or pr9ciple4 ,!n new         
ar*itects arose :o creat$ t /yle (      
build+1 = _! b>b>\s nations1 :i* we call
 ,g]man1 & produc$ "s works :i* are     
ridicul\s to our mod]n eyes1 b appe>$   
admirable to !irs4 ,?is la/$ until a    
bett] =m some:at simil> to ! good       
antique mann] 0 discov]$ by bett]       
arti/s1 z is %[n by ! olde/ *ur*es 9    
,italy :i* are n antique1 :i* 7 built by
 !m1 & by ! palaces erect$ = ,!od]ic1   
,k+ ( ,italy1 at ,rav5na1 ,pavia1 &     

,mod5a1 ?\gh ! /yle is b>b>\s & r ri* & 
gr& ?an well conceiv$ or really good4 ,!
 same may be said ( ,s4 ,/efano at      
,rim9i & ( ,s4 ,m>t9o at ,rav5na1 ( !   
*ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni ,evangeli/a 9 !    
same city built by ,galla ,placida ab\t 
! ye> ( grace #dch1 ( ,s4 ,vitale :i* 0 
built 9 ! ye> #edg1 & ( ! abbey (       
,classi di fuori1 & inde$ ( _m o!r      
mona/]ies & *ur*es built aft] ! "t ( !  
,lomb>ds4 ,all ^! build+s1 z ,i h said1 
are great & magnific5t1 b ! ar*itecture 
is v rude4 ,among !m are _m abbeys 9    
,france built to ,s4 ,b5$ict & ! *ur* & 
mona/]y ( ,monte ,cas9o1 ! *ur* ( ,s4   
,giovanni ,batti/a built by t ,!odel9da1
 ,que5 ( ! ,go?s1 to :om ,s4 ,gregory ! 
,pope wrote 8 dialogues4 ,9 ?is place t 
que5 caus$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,lomb>ds to be  
pa9t$4 ,we ?us see t !y %av$ ! backs (  
_! heads1 & wore tufts 9 front1 & 7 dy$ 
to ! *94 ,_! clo!s 7 ( broad l951 l ^?  
worn by ! ,angles & ,saxons1 & !y wore a
 mantle ( div]s col\rs2 _! %oes 7 op5 to
 ! toes & b\nd above ) small lea!r      

/raps4 ,simil> to ! *ur*es enum]at$     
above 7 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni1 ,pavia1 
built by ,gundip]ga1 daught] (          
,!odel9da1 & ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,salvatore 9 !
 same city1 built by ,arib]t1 ! bro!r ( 
! same que51 :o succe$$ ,rodoaldo1 husb&
 ( ,gundib]ta1 9 ! gov]nm5t2 ! *ur* (   
,s4 ,ambruogio at ,pavia1 built by      
,grimoald1 ,k+ ( ! ,lomb>ds1 :o drove f 
! k+dom ,arib]t's son ,p]t]it4 ,?is     
,p]t]it be+ re/or$ to 8 ?rone aft]      
,grimoald's dea? built a nunn]y at      
,pavia call$ ! ,mona/]io ,nuovo1 9 hon\r
 ( ,our ,lady & ( ,/ ,aga?a1 & ! que5   
built ano!r d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y 9  
,p]tica outside ! walls4 ,cunib]t1      
,p]t]it's son1 likewise built a mona/]y 
& *ur* to ,/ ,george call$ di ,coronato1
 9 a simil> /yle1 on ! spot :]e he _h   
won a great victory ov] ,alahi4 ,n      
unlike ^! 0 ! *ur* :i* ! ,lomb>d k+     
,luit-pr&1 :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,pep91 !
 fa!r ( ,*>lemagne1 built at ,pavia1    
call$ ,s4 ,pi]o1 9 ,cieldauro1 or t :i* 
,desid]ius1 :o succe$$ ,a/olf1 built to 

,s4 ,pi]o ,clivate 9 ! diocese ( ,milan2
 or ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,v9c5zo at ,milan1  
or t ( ,s4 ,giulia at ,brescia1 because 
all ( !m 7 v co/ly1 b 9 a mo/ ugly &    
rambl+ /yle4 ,9 ,flor5ce ! /yle (       
ar*itecture 0 slightly improv$ some:at  
lat]1 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,apo/olo built by    
,*>lemagne1 al?\gh small1 be+ v         
beautiful1 because ! %ape ( ! columns1  
al?\gh made up ( pieces1 is v graceful &
 beautifully made1 & ! capitals & !     
ar*es 9 ! vault+ ( ! side aisles %[ t "s
 good ar*itect 0 left 9 ,tuscany1 or _h 
aris5 !re4 ,9 f9e ! ar*itecture ( ?is   
*ur* is su* t ,pippo di ,s]             
,brunnellesco did n disda9 to make use (
 x z 8 model 9 design+ ! *ur*es ( ,s4   
,spirito & ,s4 ,lor5zo 9 ! same city4 ,!
 same progress may be notic$ 9 ! *ur* ( 
,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 n to speak ( t (  
,s4 ,giorgio ,maggiore erect$ by        
,giovanni ,moros9i 9 ! ye> #igh4 ,s4    
,m>k's 0 begun "u ! ,doge ,giu/9iano &  
,giovanni ,p>ticiaco next to ,s4        
,teodosio1 :5 ! body ( ! ,evangeli/ 0   

br\ght f ,alex&ria to ,v5ice4 ,aft] !   
,doge's palace & ! *ur* _h suff]$       
sev]ely f a s]ies ( fires1 x 0 rebuilt  
^u ! same f\ndations 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle 
z x /&s to-day1 at a great co/ &  ) !   
assi/ance ( _m ar*itects1 9 ! "t ( !    
,doge ,dom5ico ,selvo1 9 ! ye> #igc1 !  
columns be+ br\ght f ! places :]e !y    
c\ld be obta9$4 ,! con/ruction 0        
cont9u$ until ! ye> #aadj1 ,m4 ,pi]o    
,polani be+ !n ,doge1 f ! plans ( sev]al
 ma/]s :o 7 all ,greeks1 z ,i h said4   
,erect$ at ! same "t1 & also 9 !        
,byzant9e /yle1 7 ! sev5 abbeys built 9 
,tuscany by ,c\nt ,hugh1 ,m>quis (      
,br&5burg1 su* z ! ,badia ( ,flor5ce1 ! 
abbey ( ,settimo1 & ! o!rs4 ,all ^!     
/ructures & ! ve/iges ( o!rs :i* are n  
/&+ be> witness to ! fact t ar*itecture 
ma9ta9$ its foot+ ?\gh 9 a v ba/>d =m f>
 remov$ f ! good antique /yle4 ,fur!r   
evid5ce is af=d$ by a numb] ( old       
palaces erect$ 9 ,flor5ce 9 ,tuscan "w  
aft] ! de/ruction ( ,fiesole1 b !       
measurem5ts ( ! doors & ! v elongat$    

w9d[s & ! %>p-po9t$ ar*es aft] ! mann] (
 ! =eign ar*itects ( ! day1 d5ote "s    
am\nt ( b>b>ism4 ,9 ! ye> aft] #ajac !  
art appe>s to h receiv$ an access (     
vig\r 9 ! rebuild+ ( ! beautiful *ur* ( 
,s4 ,m9iato on ! ,m\nt 9 ! "t ( ,m4     
,alibr&o1 citiz5 & bi%op ( ,flor5ce1 =1 
9 addition to ! m>ble ornam5tation bo?  
)9 & )\t1 ! faade %[s t ! ,tuscan       
ar*itects 7 mak+ ef=ts to imitate ! good
 anci5t ord] 9 ! doors1 w9d[s1 columns1 
ar*es & cornices1 s f> z !y 7 able1 hav+
 z a model ! v anci5t *ur* ( ,s4        
,giovanni 9 _! city4 ,at ! same p]iod1  
pictorial art1 :i* _h all b disappe>$1  
seems to h made "s progress1 z is %[n by
 a mosaic 9 ! pr9cipal *apel ( ! same   
*ur* ( ,s4 ,m9iato4  ,f su* beg9n+s     
design & a g5]al improvem5t 9 ! arts    
began to make headway 9 ,tuscany1 z 9 ! 
ye> #ajaf :5 ! ,pisans began to erect _!
 ,duomo4 ,= 9 t "t x 0 a consid]able    
und]tak+ to build su* a *ur*1 ) its five
 aisles & almo/ entirely con/ruct$ (    
m>ble bo? inside & out4 ,?is *ur*1 built

 f ! plans & "u ! direction ( ,bus*etto1
 a clev] ,greek ar*itect f ,duli*ium1 0 
erect$ & adorn$ by ! ,pisans :5 at !    
z5i? ( _! p[] ) an endless quantity (   
spoils br\ght by sea f v>i\s di/ant     
p>ts1 z ! columns1 bases1 capitals1     
cornices & o!r /ones !re ( e            
description1 amply demon/rate4 ,n[ s9ce 
all ^! ?+s 7 ( all sizes1 great1 m$ium1 
& small1 ,bus*etto display$ great       
judgm5t 9 adapt+ !m to _! places1 s t ! 
:ole build+ is excell5tly devis$ 9 e "p1
 bo? )9 & )\t4 ,among/ o!r ?+s he devis$
 ! faade1 :i* is made up ( a s]ies (    
/ages1 gradually dim9i%+ t[>d ! top &   
consi/+ ( a great numb] ( columns1      
adorn+ x ) o!r columns & antique /atues4
 ,he c>ri$ out ! pr9cipal doors ( t     
faade 9 ! same /yle1 beside "o ( :i*1 t 
( ! ,c>roccio1 he aft]w>ds receiv$      
hon\rable burial1 ) ?ree epitaphs1 "o   
be+ 9 ,lat9 v]se1 n unlike o!r ?+s ( !  
"t3          ,quod vix mille b\m poss5t 
juga juncta mov]e         ,et quod vix  
potuit p] m>e f]re ratis                

,bus*etti nisu1 quod erat ,mirabile visu
         ,d5a puell>um turba levavit    
onus4  ,z ,i h m5tion$ ! *ur* ( ,s4     
,apo/olo at ,flor5ce above1 ,i w "h give
 an inscription :i* may be read on a    
m>ble slab on "o ( ! sides ( ! high     
alt>1 :i* runs3    ,,viii4 v4 ,die vi4  
,aprilis 9 resurrectione ,dom9i ,k>olus 
,francorum   ,rex ,roma rev]t5s1 +ressus
 ,flor5tiam cum magno gaudio et         
tripudio succeptus1 civium copiam       
torqueis aureis decoravit4   ,ecclesia  
,sanctorum ,apo/olorum 9 alt>i inclusa  
e/ lam9ea   plumbea1 9 qua descripta    
app>et praefacta fundatio et consecratio
   facta p] ,ar*iepiscopum ,turp9um1    
te/ibus ,rol&o et ,uliv]io4  ,! edifice 
( ! ,duomo at ,pisa gave a new impulse  
to ! m9ds ( _m m5 9 all ,italy1 &       
especially 9 ,tuscany1 & l$ to !        
f\ndation 9 ! city ( ,pi/oia 9 #ajcb ( !
 *ur* ( ,s4 ,paolo1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,s4   
,atto1 ! bi%op !re1 z a contempor>y de$ 
relates1 & inde$ ( _m o!r build+s1 a m]e
 m5tion ( :i* w\ld occupy too mu* space4

  ,i mu/ n =get to m5tion ei!r1 h[ 9 !  
c\rse ( "t ! r\nd *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni 0
 erect$ at ,pisa 9 ! ye> #ajfj1 opposite
 ! ,duomo & on ! same piazza4 ,a        
m>vell\s & almo/ incr$ible /atem5t 9    
connection ) ?is *ur* is t ( an anci5t  
record 9 a book ( ! ,op]a ( ! ,duomo1 t 
! columns1 pill>s & vault+ 7 erect$ &   
complet$ 9 fifte5 days & no m4 ,! same  
book1 :i* may be exam9$ by any "o1      
relates t an impo/ ( a p5ny a he>? 0    
exact$ = ! build+ ( ! temple1 b x does n
 /ate :e!r ?is 0 to be ( gold or ( base 
metal4 ,! same book /ates t !re 7       
#cd1jjj he>?s 9 ,pisa at t "t4 ,x is    
c]ta9 t ! "w 0 v co/ly & pres5t$        
=midable difficulties1 especially !     
vault+ ( ! tribune1 :i* is pe>-%ap$ &   
cov]$ outside ) lead4 ,! ext]ior is full
 ( columns1 c>v+1 sc5es1 & ! middle "p (
 ! frieze ( ! doorway conta9s figures ( 
,*ri/ & ! twelve apo/les 9 half-relief &
 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle4  ,ab\t ! same "t1  
namely 9 #ajfa1 ! ,luc*ese1 9 emulation 
( ! ,pisans1 began ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>t9o  

at ,lucea1 f ! designs ( "s pupils (    
,bus*etto1 !re be+ no o!r arti/s !n 9   
,tuscany4 ,! faade has a m>ble portico 9
 front ( x conta9+ _m ornam5ts & c>v+s 9
 hon\r ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,ii41 :o _h be5 
bi%op ( ! city j be=e he 0 rais$ to !   
pontificate4 ,n9e l9es 9 ,lat9 relate ! 
:ole hi/ory ( ! faade & ( ! ,pope1      
repeat$ 9 "s antique lett]s c>v$ 9 m>ble
 inside ! doors ( ! portico4 ,! faade   
also conta9s "s figures & a numb] (     
sc5es 9 half-relief bel[ ! portico      
relat+ to ! life ( ,/ ,m>t9 execut$ 9   
m>ble & 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle4 ,b ! be/ ?+s
 !re1 ov] "o ( ^! doors1 7 done by      
,niccola ,pisano1 #agj ye>s lat]1 &     
complet$ 9 #abcc1 z w be relat$ 9 !     
prop] place1 ,abell5ato & ,alipr&o be+ !
 craftsm5 at ! beg9n+1 z "s lett]s c>v$ 
9 m>ble 9 ! same place fully relate4 ,! 
figures by ,niccola ,pisano %[ to :at an
 ext5t ! art 0 improv$ by him4 ,mo/ ( ! 
build+s erect$ 9 ,italy f ?is "t until !
 ye> #abej 7 simil> 9 "* to ^!1 =       
ar*itecture made little or no app>5t    

progress 9 all ^! ye>s1 b rema9$        
/ation>y1 ! same rude /yle be+ reta9$4  
,_m examples ( ?is may be se5 to-day1 b 
,i w n n[ enum]ate !m1 because ,i %all  
ref] to !m aga9 z ! occasion pres5ts    
itself4  ,! admirable sculptures &      
pa9t+s buri$ 9 ! ru9s ( ,italy rema9$   
hidd5 or unkn[n to ! m5 ( ?is "t :o 7   
engross$ 9 ! rude productions ( _! own  
age1 9 :i* !y us$ no sculptures or      
pa9t+s except su* z 7 produc$ by ! old  
arti/s ( ,greece1 :o /ill surviv$1 mak+ 
images ( clay or /one1 or pa9t+         
grotesque figures & only col\r+ ! fir/  
l9eam5ts4 ,^! arti/s 7 invit$ to ,italy 
= !y 7 ! be/ & inde$ ! only             
repres5tatives ( _! pr(ession4 ,) !m !y 
br\ght ! mosaics1 sculptures1 & pa9t+s  
:i* !y !mselves produc$ & ?us !y taught 
_! me?ods to ! ,italians1 aft] _! own   
r\gh & clumsy /yle4 ,! ,italians        
practis$ ! art 9 ?is fa%ion up to a     
c]ta9 "t1 z ,i %all relate4  ,z ! m5 ( !
 age 7 n accu/om$ to see any excell5ce  
or great] p]fection ?an ! ?+s ?us       

produc$1 !y greatly admir$ !m1 &        
consid]$ !m to be ! type ( p]fection1   
base z !y 74 ,yet "s ris+ spirits aid$  
by "s quality 9 ! air ( c]ta9 places1 s 
f> purg$ !mselves ( ?is crude /yle t 9  
#abej ,heav5 took compassion on ! f9e   
m9ds t ! ,tuscan soil 0 produc+ e day1 &
 direct$ art into its =m] *annels4 ,&   
al?\gh ! prec$+ g5]ations _h be=e !m !  
rema9s ( ar*es1 colossi1 /atues1 pill>s 
or /one columns :i* 7 left aft] !       
plund]1 ru9 & fire :i* ,rome _h pass$   
?r\gh1 yet !y c\ld nev] make use ( !m or
 d]ive any pr(it f !m until ! p]iod     
nam$4 ,^? :o came aft] 7 able to di/+ui%
 ! good f ! bad1 & ab&on+ ! old /yle !y 
began to copy ! anci5ts ) all ard\r &   
indu/ry4 ,t ! di/9ction ,i h made betwe5
 old & anci5t may be bett] und]/ood ,i w
 expla9 t ,i call anci5t ! ?+s produc$  
be=e ,con/ant9e at ,cor9?1 ,a!ns1 ,rome 
& o!r r5[n$ cities1 until ! days ( ,n]o1
 ,vaspasian1 ,trajan1 ,hadrian &        
,anton9us2 ! old works are ^? :i* are   
due to ! surviv+ ,greeks f ! days ( ,/  

,silve/]1 ^: art consi/$ r ( t9t+ ?an ( 
pa9t+4 ,= ! orig9al arti/s ( excell5ce  
_h p]i%$ 9 ! w>s1 z ,i h said1 & !      
surviv+ ,greeks1 ( ! old & n ! anci5t   
mann]1 c\ld only trace pr(iles on a     
gr\nd ( col\r4 ,c\ntless mosaics done by
 ^! ,greeks 9 e "p ( ,italy be> te/imony
 to ?is1 & e old *ur* ( ,italy possesses
 examples1 notably ! ,duomo ( ,pisa1 ,s4
 ,m>co at ,v5ice & yet o!r places4 ,?us 
!y produc$ a con/ant /ream ( figures 9  
?is /yle1 ) fright5$ eyes1 out/ret*$ h&s
 & on ! tips ( _! toes1 z 9 ,s4 ,m9iato 
outside ,flor5ce betwe5 ! door ( !      
sacri/y & t ( ! conv5t1 & 9 ,s4 ,spirito
 9 ! same city1 all ! side ( ! cloi/]   
t[>ds ! *ur*1 & 9 ,arezzo 9 ,s4         
,giuliano & ,s4 ,b>tolommeo & o!r       
*ur*es1 & at ,rome 9 old ,s4 ,pet]'s 9 !
 sc5es ab\t ! w9d[s1 all ( :i* are m l  
mon/]s ?an ! figures :i* !y are suppos$ 
to repres5t4 ,!y also produc$ c\ntless  
sculptures1 su* z ^? 9 bas-relief /ill  
ov] ! door ( ,s4 ,mi*ele on ! piazza    
,padella at ,flor5ce1 & 9 ,ognissanti1 &

 9 _m places1 9 tombs & ornam5ts = !    
doors ( *ur*es1 :]e !re are "s figures  
act+ z corbels to c>ry ! ro(1 s rude &  
co>se1 s grossly made1 & 9 su* a r\gh   
/yle1 t x is impossible to imag9e worse4
  ,up to ! pres5t1 ,i h disc\rs$        
exclusively ^u ! orig9 ( sculpture &    
pa9t+1 p]haps m at l5g? ?an 0 necess>y  
at ?is /age4 ,i h done s1 n s mu*       
because ,i h be5 c>ri$ away by my love =
 ! arts1 z because ,i wi% to be ( s]vice
 to ! arti/s ( our own day1 by %[+ !m h[
 a small beg9n+ leads to ! highe/       
elevation1 & h[ f s noble a situation x 
is possible to fall to utt]e/ ru91 &    
consequ5tly1 h[ ! nature ( ^! arts      
resembles nature 9 o!r ?+s :i* conc]n   
our human bodies2 !re is bir?1 gr[?1    
age1 dea?1 & ,i hope by ?is means !y w  
be enabl$ m easily to recognise !       
progress ( ! r5aissance ( ! arts1 & !   
p]fection to :i* !y h atta9$ 9 our own  
"t4 ,& aga91 if ev] x happ5s1 :i* ,god  
=bid1 t ! arts %\ld once m fall to a l  
ru9 & disord]1 ?r\gh ! neglig5ce ( man1 

! malignity ( ! age1 or ! ord9ance (    
,heav51 :i* does n appe> to wi% t ! ?+s 
( ?is _w %\ld rema9 /ation>y1 ^! lab\rs 
( m9e1 su* z !y are 7if !y are wor?y ( a
 happi] fate71 by means ( ! ?+s discuss$
 be=e1 & by ^? :i* rema9 to be said1 may
 ma9ta9 ! arts 9 life1 or1 at any rate1 
enc\rage ! bett] spirits to provide !m )
 assi/ance1 s t1 by my good w & ! lab\rs
 ( su* m51 !y may h an abundance ( ^?   
aids & embelli%m5ts :i*1 if ,i may speak
 ! tru? freely1 !y h lack$ until n[4  ,b
 x is n[ "t to come to ! life (         
,giovanni ,cimabue1 :o orig9at$ ! new   
me?od ( design & pa9t+1 s t x is "r t 8 
%\ld be ! fir/ ( ! ,lives4 ,& "h ,i may 
rem>k t ,i %all foll[ ! s*ools r ?an a  
*ronological ord]4 ,& 9 describ+ !      
appe>ance & ! arts ( ! arti/s1 ,i %all  
be brief1 because _! portraits1 :i* ,i h
 collect$ at great exp5se1 & ) mu* lab\r
 & dilig5ce1 w %[ :at mann] ( m5 !y 7 to
 look at mu* bett] ?an any description  
c\ld ev] d4 ,if "s portraits are miss+1 
t is n my fault1 b because !y are n to  

be f\nd any:]e4 ,if x *ance t "s ( !    
portraits d n appe> to be exactly l o!rs
 :i* are extant1 x is necess>y to       
reflect t a portrait ( a man ( eighte5  
or tw5ty ye>s c nev] be l "o made fifte5
 or tw5ty ye>s lat]1 &1 9 addition to   
?is1 portraits 9 black & :ite are nev] s
 good z ^? :i* are col\r$1 besides :i* !
 engrav]s1 :o d n design1 always take   
some?+ f ! faces1 because !y are nev]   
able to reproduce ^? small details :i*  
con/itute ! excell5ce ( a "w1 or to copy
 t p]fection :i* is r>ely1 if ev]1 to be
 f\nd 9 wood engrav+s4 ,to conclude1 !  
read] w be able to appreciate ! am\nt ( 
lab\r1 exp5se1 & c>e :i* ,i h be/[$ ^u  
?is matt] :5 he sees :at ef=ts ,i h made
 9 my rese>*es4     ,,vas>i',s ,,lives  
,,( ,,! ,,pa9t]s4    ,cimabue1 ,pa9t] ( 
,flor5ce4   ,! endless flood ( mis=tunes
 :i* ov]:elm$ unhappy ,italy n only ru9$
 ev]y?+ wor?y ( ! "n ( a build+1 b      
completely ext+ui%$ ! race ( arti/s1 a  
f> m s]i\s matt]4 ,!n1 z x pleas$ ,god1 
!re 0 born 9 ! ye> #abdj 9 ! city (     

,flor5ce1 ,giovanni1 surnam$ ,cimabue1 (
 ! noble family ( ! ,cimabui1 to %$ !   
fir/ light on ! art ( pa9t+4 ,z he grew 
up he appe>$ to 8 fa!r & o!rs to be a   
boy ( quick intellig5ce1 s t he 0       
accord+ly s5t to receive in/ruction 9   
lett]s to a relation1 a ma/] at ,s4     
,m>ia ,novella1 :o !n taught gramm> to !
 novices ( t conv5t4 ,in/ead ( pay+     
att5tion to 8 lessons1 ,cimabue sp5t !  
:ole day 9 draw+ m51 horses1 h\ses1 &   
v>i\s o!r fancies on 8 books & odd      
%eets1 l "o :o felt himself compell$ to 
d s by nature4 ,=tune prov$ fav\rable to
 ?is natural incl9ation1 = "s ,greek    
arti/s 7 summon$ to ,flor5ce by !       
gov]nm5t ( ! city = no o!r purpose ?an !
 revival ( pa9t+ 9 _! mid/1 s9ce t art 0
 n s mu* debas$ z altoge!r lo/4 ,among !
 o!r works :i* !y began 9 ! city1 !y    
und]took ! *apel ( ! ,gondi1 ! vault+ & 
walls ( :i* are to-day all b de/roy$ by 
! ravages ( "t4 ,x is situat$ 9 ,s4     
,m>ia ,novella1 next ! pr9cipal *apel4  
,9 ?is way ,cimabue made a beg9n+ 9 !   

art :i* attract$ him1 = he (t5 play$ !  
truant & sp5t ! :ole day 9 wat*+ ! ma/]s
 "w4 ,?us x came ab\t t 8 fa!r & !      
arti/s consid]$ him s fitt$ to be a     
pa9t] t1 if he devot$ himself to !      
pr(ession1 he might look = hon\rable    
success 9 x1 & to 8 great satisfaction 8
 fa!r procur$ him employm5t ) ! pa9t]s4 
,!n1 by d9t ( cont9ual practice & ) !   
assi/ance ( 8 natural tal5t1 he f>      
surpass$ ! mann] ( 8 tea*]s bo? 9 design
 & 9 col\r4 ,= !y _h nev] c>$ to make   
any progress1 & _h execut$ _! works1 n 9
 ! good mann] ( anci5t ,greece1 b 9 !   
rude mod]n /yle ( t "t4 ,b al?\gh       
,cimabue imitat$ ! ,greeks he introduc$ 
_m improvem5ts 9 ! art1 & 9 a great     
measure emancipat$ himself f _! awkw>d  
mann]1 br++ hon\r to 8 c\ntry by 8 "n & 
by ! works :i* he produc$4 ,! pictures  
:i* he execut$ 9 ,flor5ce be> te/imony  
to ?is1 su* z ! antip5dium to ! alt> (  
,/ ,cecilia1 & a ,madonna  9 ,s4 ,croce1
 :i* 0 !n & /ill is fa/5$ to a pill> on 
! "r h& side ( ! *oir4 ,subsequ5tly he  

pa9t$ on a panel a ,/ ,francis1 on a    
gold gr\nd4 ,he drew ?is f nature1 to ! 
be/ ( 8 p[]s1 al?\gh x 0 a novelty to d 
s 9 ^? days1 & ab\t x he repres5t$ !    
:ole ( ! sa9t's life 9 tw5ty small      
pictures full ( little figures1 on a    
gold gr\nd4 ,he aft]w>ds und]took a l>ge
 picture = ! monks ( ,vallombrosa 9 _!  
abbey ( ,s1 ,tr9ita at ,flor5ce4 ,?is 0 
a ,madonna ) ! *ild 9 h] arms1 surr\nd$ 
by _m ador+ angels1 on a gold gr\nd4 ,to
 ju/ify ! high op9ion 9 :i* he 0 already
 held1 he work$ at x ) great indu/ry1   
%[+ improv$ p[]s ( inv5tion & exhibit+  
our lady 9 a pleas+ attitude4 ,! pa9t+  
:5 f9i%$ 0 plac$ by ! monks ov] ! high  
alt> ( ! *ur*1 :5ce x 0 aft]w>ds remov$ 
to make way = ! picture ( ,alesso       
,baldov9etti1 :i* is !re to-day4 ,x 0   
aft]w>ds plac$ 9 a small *apel ( ! s\?  
aisle 9 t *ur*4 ,cimabue next work$ 9   
fresco at ! hospital ( ! ,porcellana1 at
 ! corn] ( ! via ,nuova :i* leads to !  
,borgo ,ognissanti4 ,on "o side ( !     
faade1 9 ! middle ( :i* is ! pr9cipal   

door1 he repres5t$ an ,annunciation1 &  
on ! o!r side1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ) ,cleophas 
& ,luke1 life-size figures4 ,9 ?is "w he
 ab&on$ ! old mann]1 mak+ ! drap]ies1   
g>m5ts1 & o!r ?+s some:at m life-l1     
natural & s(t ?an ! /yle ( ! ,greeks1   
full z t 0 ( l9es & pr(iles z well 9    
mosaics z 9 pa9t+4 ,! pa9t]s ( ^? times 
_h taught "o ano!r t r\gh1 awkw>d &     
common-place /yle = a great numb] (     
ye>s1 n by means ( /udy b z a matt] (   
cu/om1 )\t ev] dream+ ( improv+ _!      
designs by beauty ( col\r+ or by any    
inv5tion ( wor?4 ,aft] ?is 0 f9i%$      
,cimabue aga9 receiv$ a commission f !  
same sup]ior = :om he _h done ! "w at   
,s4 ,croce4 ,he n[ made him a l>ge      
crucifix ( wood1 :i* may /ill be se5 9 !
 *ur*4 ,! "w caus$ ! sup]ior1 :o 0 well 
pleas$ ) x1 to take him to _! conv5t (  
,s4 ,francesco at ,pisa1 to pa9t a      
picture ( ,/ ,francis !re4 ,:5 complet$ 
x 0 consid]$ mo/ rem>kable by ! p !re1  
s9ce !y recognis$ a c]ta9 quality (     
excell5ce 9 ! turn ( ! heads & 9 ! fall 

( ! drap]y :i* 0 n to be f\nd 9 !       
,byzant9e /yle 9 any "w execut$ up to t 
"t n only 9 ,pisa b ?r\gh\t ,italy4  ,= 
! same *ur* ,cimabue aft]w>ds pa9t$ a   
l>ge picture ( ,our ,lady ) ! *ild 9 h] 
arms1 surr\nd$ by sev]al angels1 on a   
gold gr\nd4 ,9 ord] to make room = !    
m>ble alt> :i* is n[ !re x 0 soon       
aft]w>ds remov$ f its orig9al situation 
& plac$ inside ! *ur*1 ne> ! door on !  
left h&4 ,= ?is "w he 0 mu* prais$ &    
rew>d$ by ! ,pisans4 ,9 ,pisa also he   
pa9t$ a panel ( ,/ ,agnes surr\nd$ by a 
numb] ( small figures repres5t+ sc5es f 
h] life1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,abbot ( ,s4   
,paolo 9 ,ripa d',arno4 ,! panel is     
to-day ov] ! alt> ( ! ,virg9 9 t *ur*4  
,! "n ( ,cimabue hav+ become g5]ally    
kn[n ?r\gh ^! works1 he 0 tak5 to       
,assisi1 a city ( ,umbria1 :]e1 9       
conjunction ) "s ,greek ma/]s1 he pa9t$ 
a "p ( ! vault+ ( ! l[] ,*ur* ( ,s4     
,franceso1 & on ! walls1 ! life ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/ & t ( ,/ ,francis4 ,9 ^! pa9t+s  
he f> surpass$ ! ,greek ma/]s1 &        

enc\rag$ by ?is1 he began to pa9t ! upp]
 *ur* 9 fresco unaid$1 & on ! l>ge      
gall]y ov] ! *oir1 on ! f\r walls1 he   
pa9t$ "s subjects f ! hi/ory ( ,our     
,lady1 t is to say1 h] dea?1 :5 h] s\l  
is c>ri$ to ,heav5 by ,*ri/ on a ?rone (
 cl\ds1 & :5 ,he cr[ns h] 9 ! mid/ ( a  
*oir ( angels1 ) a numb] ( sa9ts b5ea?4 
,^! are n[ de/roy$ by "t & du/4 ,he !n  
pa9t$ sev]al ?+s at ! int]sections ( !  
vault+ ( t *ur*1 :i* are five 9 numb]4  
,9 ! fir/ "o ov] ! *oir he repres5t$ !  
f\r ,evangeli/s1 l>g] ?an life-size1 & s
 well done1 t ev5 to-day !y are         
ackn[l$g$ to possess "s m]it2 & !       
fre%ness ( ! fle% col\r+ %[s1 t by 8    
ef=ts1 fresco-pa9t+ 0 beg9n+ to make    
great progress4 ,! second int]section he
 fill$ ) gilt />s on an ultram>9e field4
 ,9 ! ?ird he repres5t$ ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! 
,virg9 8 "m1 ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/    
,francis 9 m$allions1 t is to say1 a    
figure 9 ea* m$allion & a m$allion 9 ea*
 ( ! f\r divisions ( ! vault4 ,! f\r?   
int]section l ! second he pa9t$ ) gilt  

/>s on ultram>9e4 ,9 ! fif? he repres5t$
 ! f\r ,doctors ( ! *ur*1 & beside ea* (
 !m a memb] ( ! f\r pr9cipal religi\s   
ord]s4 ,?is labori\s und]tak+ 0 c>ri$   
out ) inf9ite dilig5ce4 ,:5 he _h f9i%$ 
! vaults he pa9t$ ! upp] "p ( ! walla on
 ! left side ( ! *ur* f "o end to ! o!r1
 also 9 fresco4 ,ne> ! high alt> betwe5 
! w9d[s & "r up to ! vault+ he repres5t$
 eight subjects f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 />t+ 
f ! beg9n+ ( ,g5esis & select+ ! mo/    
notewor?y incid5ts4 ,9 ! space flank+ ! 
w9d[s to ! po9t :]e !y t]m9ate at !     
gall]y :i* runs r\nd ! inside ( ! *ur*1 
he pa9t$ ! rema9d] ( ! ,old ,te/am5t    
hi/ory 9 eight o!r subjects4 ,opposite  
^!  & correspond+ to !m he pa9t$ sixte5 
subjects repres5t+ ! de$s ( ,our ,lady &
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :ile on ! end wall ov] 
! pr9cipal entrance & ab\t ! rose w9d[  
above x1 he pa9t$ ! ,asc5sion & ! desc5t
 ( ! ,holy ,_s ^u ! apo/les4 ,?is "w :i*
 is mo/ extraord9>y = ri*ness & beauty1 
mu/1 9 my op9ion1 h a/\nd$ ! p ( ^?     
times1 pa9t+ hav+ be5 9 su* bl9dness = s

 long a apace4 ,:5 ,i saw x aga9 9 ! ye>
 #aefc x seem$ mo/ beautiful1 z ,i      
reflect$ h[ m>vell\s x 0 t ,cimabue %\ld
 see s mu* light 9 ! mid/ ( s great     
d>kness4 ,b x is wor?y ( note t ( all ^!
 pa9t+s ^? ( ! vaults are mu* ! be/     
pres]v$ s9ce !y are less injur$ by ! du/
 & o!r accid5ts4 ,:5 ^! works 7 f9i%$   
,giovanni set ab\t pa9t+ ! walls b5ea?1 
namely ^? b5ea? ! w9d[s1 & he did "s ?+s
 !re1 b z he 0 summon$ to ,flor5ce on "s
 affairs ( 8 own1 he did n pursue !     
task1 :i* 0 f9i%$ by ,giotto _m ye>s    
aft]1 z w be relat$ :5 ! "t comes4      
,cimabue hav+ ?us return$ to ,flor5ce   
pa9t$ 9 ! cloi/] ( ,s4 ,spirito1 :]e !  
:ole l5g? ( wall t[>ds ! *ur* is done 9 
! ,byzant9e /yle by o!r ma/]s1 ev5ts f !
 life ( ,*ri/1 9 ?ree ar*es1 )          
consid]able excell5ce ( design4 ,at !   
same "t1 he s5t to ,empoli "s ?+s       
execut$ by him 9 ,flor5ce1 :i* are held 
9 great rev]5ce to ?is day 9 ! ,pieve ( 
t t[n4 ,he next pa9t$ a picture ( ,our  
,lady = ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 :]e

 x hangs high up betwe5 ! *apel ( !     
,rucellai & t ( ! ,b>di ( ,v]nio4 ,!    
figure 0 ( a l>g] size ?an any :i* _h   
be5 execut$ up to t "t1 & ! angels ab\t 
x %[ t1 al?\gh be /ill _h ! ,byzant9e   
/yle1 he 0 mak+1 "s progress t[>ds !    
l9eam5ts & me?ods ( mod]n times4 ,! p ( 
t day1 :o _h nev] se5 any?+ bett]1      
consid]$ ?is "w s m>vell\s1 t !y c>ri$ x
 to ! *ur* f ,cimabue's h\se 9 a /ately 
procession ) great rejoic+ & bl[+ (     
trumpets1 :ile ,cimabue himself 0 highly
 rew>d$ & hon\r$4 ,x is report$1 & "s   
records ( ! old pa9t]s relate t :ile    
,cimabue 0 pa9t+ ?is picture 9 "s g>d5s 
ne> ! gate ( ,s4 ,pi]o1 ! old k+ ,*>les 
( ,anj\ pass$ ?r\gh ,flor5ce4 ,among !  
_m ent]ta9m5ts prep>$ = him by ! m5 ( ! 
city1 !y br\ght him to see ! picture (  
,cimabue4 ,z x _h n !n be5 se5 by       
anyone1 all ! m5 & wom5 ( ,flor5ce      
flock$ ?i!r 9 a cr[d1 ) ! greate/       
rejoic+s1 s t ^? :o liv$ 9 !            
neighb\rhood call$ ! place ,borgo       
,allegri 7,joyful ,qu>t]71 because ( !  

rejoic+ !re4 ,?is "n x has ev] aft]w>ds 
reta9$1 be+ 9 ! c\rse ( "t enclos$ )9 ! 
walls ( ! city4  ,at ,s4 ,francesco1 at 
,pisa1 :]e ,cimabue execut$ "s o!r      
works1 :i* h be5 m5tion$ above1 9 !     
cloi/]1 at a corn] beside ! doorway     
lead+ into ! *ur*1 is a small picture 9 
temp]a by 8 h&1 repres5t+ ,*ri/ on !    
cross1 surr\nd$ by "s angels :o are     
weep+1 & hold 9 _! h&s c]ta9 words      
writt5 ab\t ! head ( ,*ri/1 & :i* !y are
 direct+ t[>ds ! e>s ( our ,lady1 :o is 
/&+ weep+ on ! "r h& side2 & on ! o!r   
side to ,/ ,john ! ,evangeli/1 :o is    
!re1 plung$ 9 grief4 ,! words to !      
,virg9 are3 ,muli]1 ecce filius tuus1 & 
^? to ,/ ,john3 ,ecce mat] tua4 ,ano!r  
angel1 sep>at$ f ^!1 holds 9 its h&s !  
s5t5ce3 ,ex illa hora accepit eam       
discipulus 9 suam4 ,9 ?is we p]ceive h[ 
,cimabue began to give light & op5 ! way
 to inv5tions1 br++ words1 z he does "h1
 to ! help ( 8 art 9 ord] to express 8  
mean+1 a curi\s device c]ta9ly & an     
innovation4  ,by means ( ^! works       

,cimabue _h n[ acquir$ a great "n & mu* 
pr(it1 s t he 0 associat$ ) ,arnolfo    
,lapi1 an excell5t ar*itect ( t "t1 9 ! 
build+ ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 at       
,flor5ce4 ,b at l5g?1 :5 he _h liv$     
sixty ye>s1 he pass$ to ! o!r life 9 !  
ye> #acjj1 hav+ a*iev$ h>dly less ?an ! 
resurrection ( pa9t+ f ! dead4  ,he left
 beh9d a numb] ( disciples1 & among o!rs
 ,giotto1 :o 0 aft]w>ds an excell5t     
pa9t]4 ,giotto dwelt 9 8 ma/]'s old h\se
 9 ! via del ,cocom]o aft] ,cimabue's   
dea?4 ,cimabue 0 buri$ 9 ,s4 ,m>ia del  
,fiore1 ) ?is epitaph made = him by "o (
 ! ,n9i3--       ,cr$idit ut ,clmabos   
pictur ca/ra t5]e      ,sic t5uit viv5s1
 nunc t5et a/ra poli4  ,i mu/ n omit to 
say t if ! greatness ( ,giotto1 8 pupil1
 _h n obscur$ ! glory ( ,cimabue1 ! fame
 ( ! latt] w\ld h be5 m consid]able1 z  
,dante po9ts out 9 8 ,comm$ia 9 ! elev5?
 canto ( ! ,purgatorio1 ) an allusion to
 ! inscription on ! tomb1 :]e he says3  
,cr$ette ,cimabue nella p9tura      ,t5]
 lo campo1 ed ora ha ,giotto il grido   

,si *e la fama di colui oscura4  ,a     
comm5tator on ,dante1 :o wrote dur+     
,giotto's lifetime1 ab\t #accd1 "s t5 or
 twelve ye>s aft] ! poet's dea?1 9 8    
explanation ( ^! l9es1 says ! foll[+    
words 9 speak+ ( ,cimabue3 ,cimabue 0 a 
pa9t] ( ,flor5ce 9 ! "t ( our au?or1 a  
man ( unusual em95ce & s arrogant &     
haughty )al1 t if any "o po9t$ out a    
fault or defect 9 8 "w1 or if he        
discov]$ any himself1 s9ce x frequ5tly  
happ5s t an arti/ makes mi/akes ?r\gh a 
defect 9 ! mat]ials :i* he employs1 or  
because ( "s fault 9 ! in/rum5t ) :i* he
 works1 he imm$iately de/roy$ t "w1     
h[ev] co/ly x might be4 ,giotto 01 & is1
 ! mo/ em95t among ! pa9t]s ( ! same    
city ( ,flor5ce1 z 8 works te/ify1 at   
,rome1 ,naples1 ,avignon1 ,flor5ce1     
,padua1 & _m p>ts ( ! _w1 etc4 ,?is     
comm5t>y is n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,v    
,rev4 ,v9c5zio ,borgh9i1 prior ( !      
,innoc5ts1 a man di/+ui%$ = 8 em95ce1   
piety & le>n+1 b also = 8 love = & skill
 9 all ! sup]ior arts1 s t he has well  

des]v$ 8 judici\s selection by ,duke    
,cosimo to be ! ducal repres5tative 9   
our academy ( design4  ,return+ to      
,cimabue1 ,giotto c]ta9ly ov]%ad[$ 8    
r5[n1 j z a great light eclipses a mu*  
small] "o1 & al?\gh ,cimabue 01 z x 71 !
 fir/ cause ( ! revival ( ! art ( pa9t+1
 yet ,giotto1 8 disciple1 mov$ by a     
praisewor?y ambition1 & aid$ by ,heav5 &
 by ,nature1 p5etrat$ deep] 9 ?\ght1 &  
?rew op5 ! gates ( ,tru? to ^? :o       
aft]w>ds br\ght art to t p]fection &    
gr&eur :i* we see 9 our own age4 ,9 fact
 ! m>vels1 miracles1 & impossibilities  
execut$ at ! pres5t "t by ^? :o practise
 ?is art1 & :i* are to be se5 e day1 h  
br\ght ?+s to su* a pit*1 t no "o m>vels
 at !m al?\gh !y are r div9e ?an human1 
& ^? :o make ! mo/ praisewor?y ef=ts may
 consid] !mselves =tunate1 if1 in/ead ( 
be+ prais$ & admir$1 !y escape c5sure1 &
 ev5 disgrace4 ,! portrait ( ,cimabue by
 ! h& ( ,simone ( ,si5a may be se5 9 !  
*apt]-h\se ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 execut$
 9 pr(ile 9 ! picture ( ! ,fai?4 ,! face

 is ?9 ! small be>d is some:at r$ &     
po9t$1 & he we>s a hood aft] ! fa%ion ( 
! day1 b\nd gracefully r\nd 8 head &    
?roat4 ,! "o beside him is ,simone      
himself1 ! design] ( ! "w1 :o drew      
himself ) ! aid ( two mirrors plac$     
opposite ea* o!r1 :i* h enabl$ him to   
draw 8 head 9 pr(ile4 ,! soldi] 9 arm\r 
betwe5 !m is said to be ,c\nt ,guido    
,novello1 "l ( ,poppi4 ,9 conclud+ ?is  
life ,i h to rem>k t ,i h "s small ?+s  
by ,cimabue's h& 9 ! beg9n+ ( a book 9  
:i* ,i h collect$ draw+s by ! h& ( e    
arti/1 f ,cimabue onw>ds4 ,^! little ?+s
 ( ,cimabue are done l m9iatures1 &     
al?\gh !y may appe> r crude ?an o!rwise 
to mod]n eyes1 yet !y s]ve to %[ to :at 
an ext5t ! art ( design pr(it$ by 8     
lab\rs4     ,arnolfo di ,lapo1 ,flor5t9e
 ,ar*itect4   ,9 ! preface to ^! lives  
,i h spok5 ( "s edifices 9 ! old b n    
antique /yle1 & ,i 0 sil5t respect+ !   
names ( ! arti/s :o execut$ ! "w1       
because ,i did n "k !m4 ,9 !            
introduction to ! pres5t life ,i propose

 to m5tion "s o!r build+s made 9        
,arnolfo's "t1 or %ortly be=e1 ! au?ors 
( :i* are equally unkn[n1 & !n to speak 
( ^? :i* 7 erect$ dur+ 8 lifetime1 !    
ar*itects ( :i* are kn[n1 ei!r because  
!y may be recognis$ ?r\gh ! /yle ( !    
build+s1 or because !re is "s notice (  
!m 9 ! writ+s & memorials left by !m 9 !
 works done4 ,?is w n be beside ! po9t1 
= al?\gh ! build+s are nei!r beautiful  
nor 9 good /yle1 b only v l>ge &        
magnific5t1 yet !y are none ! less wor?y
 ( "s consid]ation4  ,9 ! "t ( ,lapo1 & 
( ,arnolfo 8 son1 _m build+s (          
importance 7 erect$ 9 ,italy & outside1 
( :i* ,i h n be5 able to f9d ! names ( !
 ar*itects4 ,among ^! are ! abbey (     
,monreale 9 ,sicily1 ! ,piscopio (      
,naples1 ! ,c]tosa ( ,pavia1 ! ,duomo ( 
,milan1 ,s4 ,pietro & ,s4 ,petrodio (   
,bologna1 & _m o!rs1 :i* may be se5 9   
all p>ts ( ,italy1 erect$ at incr$ible  
co/4 ,i h se5 & exam9$ all ^! build+s1 z
 well z _m sculptures ( ^! times1       
p>ticul>ly at ,rav5na1 b ,i h nev] f\nd 

any memorial ( ! ma/]s1 & frequ5tly n   
ev5 ! date :5 !y 7 erect$1 s t ,i _c b  
m>vel at ! simplicity & indiff]5ce to   
fame exhibit$ by ! m5 ( t age4 ,b to    
return to our subject4 ,aft] ! build+s j
 enum]at$ !re arose "s p]sons ( a m     
exalt$ temp]1 :o1 if !y did n succe$ 9  
light+ ^u ! good1 at lea/ made !        
attempt4  ,! fir/ 0 ,buono1 ( :om ,i    
knew nei!r ! c\ntry nor ! surname1 s9ce 
he himself has put no?+ beyond 8 simple 
"n to ! works :i* he has sign$4 ,he 0   
bo? a sculptor & ar*itect1 & he work$ at
 fir/ 9 ,rav5na1 build+ _m palaces &    
*ur*es1 & execut+ "s sculptures1 9 ! ye>
 ( grace #aaeb4 ,becom+ kn[n by ^! ?+s1 
he 0 summon$ to ,naples1 :]e he began ! 
,ca/el ,capoano & ! ,ca/el  dell' ,uovo1
 al?\gh !y 7 aft]w>ds f9i%$ by o!rs1 z w
 be relat$4 ,subsequ5tly1 9 ! "t ( !    
,doge ,dom5ico ,moros9i1 he f\nd$ !     
campanile ( ,s4 ,m>co at ,v5ice1 ) mu*  
prud5ce & good judgm5t1 & s well did he 
drive ! piles & lay ! f\ndations ( t    
t[]1 t x has nev] mov$ a hair's bread?1 

z _m build+s erect$ 9 t city be=e 8 "t  
may be se5 to h done4 ,p]haps x 0 f him 
t ! ,v5etians le>n$ _! pres5t me?od (   
lay+ ! f\ndations ( ! ri* & beautiful   
edifices :i* are erect$ e day to adorn t
 mo/ noble city4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be 
admitt$ t ! t[] has no o!r excell5ce (  
its own1 ei!r 9 /yle or decoration1 or  
inde$ any?+ :i* is wor?y ( mu* praise4  
,x 0 f9i%$ "u ! ,popes ,ana/asius ,,iv4 
& ,adrian ,,iv4 9 ! ye> #aaed4 ,buono 0 
also ! ar*itect ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,&rea at
 ,pi/oia1 & a m>ble ar*itrave ov] !     
door1 full ( figures execut$ 9 ! ,go?ic 
/yle1 is 8 "w2 ,on ?is ar*itrave 8 "n is
 c>v$1 z well z ! date at :i* ! "w 0    
done by him1 :i* 0 9 ! ye> #aaff4 ,be+  
aft]w>ds summon$ to ,flor5ce1 he prep>$ 
! design = enl>g+ ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia   
,maggiore1 :i* 0 c>ri$ out4 ,! *ur* 0 !n
 outside ! city1 & 0 held 9 v5]ation1   
because ,pope ,pelagius _h consecrat$ x 
_m ye>s be=e1 & because x 0 9 size &    
/yle a build+ ( consid]able m]it4       
,buono 0 next invit$ by ! ,aret9es to _!

 city1 :]e he built ! old resid5ce ( !  
lords ( ,arezzo1 a palace 9 ! ,go?ic    
/yle1 & ne> x a t[] = a bell4 ,?is      
build+1 :i* 0 v tol]able = t /yle1 0    
?r[n d[n 9 #aecc because x 0 opposite & 
too ne> ! =tifications ( ! city4  ,! art
 n[ began to receive "s am\nt (         
improvem5t ?r\gh ! works ( a c]ta9      
,guglielmo1 a ,g]man by race1 z ,i      
believe1 & "s build+s 7 erect$ at a     
great exp5se & 9 a slightly bett] /yle4 
,9 ! ye> #aagd ?is ,guglielmo1 9        
conjunction ) ,bonanno1 a sculptor1 is  
said to h f\nd$ ! campanile ( ! ,duomo  
at ,pisa1 :]e ! foll[+ words are c>v$3  
,a4,d4 ,m44,c4 #gd campanile hoc fuit   
fundatum ,m5se ,aug4  ,b ^! two         
ar*itects _h n mu* exp]i5ce 9 lay+      
f\ndations 9 ,pisa1 & s9ce !y did n     
drive 9 piles z !y %\ld h done1 be=e !y 
7 half ?r\gh ! "w1 !re 0 a subsid5ce on 
"o side1 & ! build+ leant ov] on its    
weak] side1 s t ! campanile hangs       
#f-a_/b braccia out ( ! /raight accord+ 
to ! subsid5ce on t side1 & al?\gh ?is  

appe>s slight f bel[1 x is v app>5t     
above1 s t "o is fill$ ) amazem5t t !   
t[] c /& ?us )\t fall+ & )\t ! walls be+
 crack$4 ,! reason is t ! build+ is r\nd
 bo? )9 & )\t1 & ! /ones are s arrang$ &
 b\nd toge!r1 t its fall is all b       
impossible1 & x is support$ moreov] by  
f\ndations rais$ #c braccia above !     
gr\nd level1 :i* 7 made to ma9ta9 x aft]
 ! subsid5ce _h tak5 place1 z may be    
se54 ,_h x be5 squ>e2 ,i am conv9c$ t x 
w\ld n be /&+1 to-day1 z ! corn]s ( !   
squ>e w\ld h pu%$ out ! sides s t !y    
w\ld h fall51 a ?+ :i* frequ5tly happ5s4
 ,& if ! ,c>is5da t[] at ,bologna1 :i*  
is squ>e1 leans )\t fall+1 t is because 
x is light] & does n hang ov] s mu*1 nor
 is x ne>ly s heavy a /ructure z ?is    
campanile1 :i* is prais$1 n because (   
its design or good /yle1 b simply by    
reason ( its extraord9>y position1 s9ce 
to a spectator x does n appe> possible t
 x c rema9 /&+4 ,! ,bonanno m5tion$     
above1 :ile he 0 engag$ on ! campanile1 
also execut$ 9 #aahj ! pr9cipal door ( !

 ,duomo ( ,pisa 9 bronze4 ,on x may be  
se5 ^! words3     ,ego ,bonannus ,pis1  
mea arle hanc portam uno anno p]feci    
tempore ,b5$icti op]>ii4  ,t ! art 0    
mak+ /eady progress may be se5 by !     
walls ( ,s4 ,giovanni ,lat]an at ,rome1 
:i* 7 con/ruct$ ( ! spoils ( antiquity  
"u ,popes ,lucius ,,iii4 & ,urban       
,,iii41 :5 ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick 0 cr[n$ by
 ! latt]1 because c]ta9 small temples & 
*apels !re1 made ) ^! spoils1 possess   
consid]able m]it ( design & conta9 "s   
?+s :i* are wor? notice1 & ?is1 among   
o!rs1 t ! vaults 7 made ( small tubes ) 
comp>tm5ts ( /ucco1 s z n to ov]load !  
side walls ( ! build+s1 a v praisewor?y 
contrivance = ^? times4 ,! cornices &   
o!r p>ts %[ t ! arti/s 7 help+ "o ano!r 
to f9d ! good4  ,innoc5t ,,iii4 aft]w>ds
 caus$ two palaces to be erect$ on !    
,vatican hill1 & f :at c be se5 ( !m !y 
appe> to h be5 9 a fairly good /yle1 b  
s9ce !y 7 de/roy$ by o!r popes1 &       
especially by ,ni*olas ,v41 :o pull$ d[n
 & rebuilt ! great] "p ( ! palace1 ,i w 

say no m ab\t !m1 except t a "p ( !m may
 be se5 9 ! great r\nd t[]1 & a "p 9 !  
old sacri/y ( ,/ ,pet]'s4 ,?is ,innoc5t 
,,iii41 :o wore ! ti>a = n9ete5 ye>s1   
took great delight 9 ar*itecture1 &     
erect$ _m build+s 9 ,rome1 notably ! t[]
 ( ! ,conti1 s call$ aft] ! "n ( 8      
family1 f designs by ,m>*ionne1 an      
ar*itect & sculptor ( ,arezzo4 ,9 ! ye> 
t ,innoc5t di$ ?is arti/ complet$ !     
,pieve ( ,arezzo1 z well z ! campanile4 
,he adorn$ ! front ( ! *ur* ) ?ree r[s (
 columns1 "o above ! o!r1 9 great       
v>iety1 n only 9 ! %ape ( ! capitals &  
bases1 b ev5 9 ! %afts1 "s be+ heavy1   
o!rs sl5d]1 "s b\nd toge!r 9 pairs1 o!rs
 9 f\rs4 ,9 l mann] "s are cov]$ )      
repres5tations ( ! v9e1 :ile o!rs are   
made to become support+ figures1 v>i\sly
 c>v$4 ,he fur!r introduc$ _m animals ( 
diff]5t k9ds1 :i* c>ry ! weight ( !     
columns on _! backs1 ! :ole exhibit+ !  
/range/ & mo/ extravagant fantasies     
imag9able1 n only altoge!r remov$ f !   
excell5t antique ord]1 b oppos$ to all  

good & reasonable proportion4 ,yet 9    
spite ( all ?is1 anyone :o w ju/ly      
consid] ! matt] w see t he 0 mak+ /r5u\s
 ef=ts to d well1 & possibly he imag9$ t
 he _h discov]$ ! way 9 ?is mann] ( "w &
 9 ?is wondr\s v>iety4 ,! same arti/    
c>v$ a r l>ge ,god ! ,fa!r1 ) c]ta9     
angels 9 half-relief 9 ! ar* ov] ! door 
( t *ur* 9 a rude /yle1 toge!r ) !      
twelve mon?s ( ! ye>1 add+ und]nea? 8   
"n1 cut 9 r\nd lett]s1 z 0 cu/om>y1 & ! 
date1 #abaf4 ,x is said t ,m>*ionne also
 erect$ = ,pope ,innoc5t ! old build+ & 
*ur* ( ! hospital ( ,s4 ,spirito 9      
,sassia1 9 ! ,borgo ,vec*io at ,rome1   
:]e "s "p ( ! old "w may /ill be se54   
,inde$ ! old *ur* rema9$ /&+ to our own 
day1 :5 ,x 0 re/or$ 9 ! mod]n /yle1 )  m
 ornam5t & design1 by ,pope ,paul ,,iii4
 ( ! h\se ( ! ,f>nese4 ,9 ,s4 ,m>ia     
,maggiore1 also 9 ,rome1 he made ! m>ble
 *apel1 :i* conta9s ! mang] ( ,jesus    
,*ri/1 9 :i* he plac$ a portrait ( ,pope
 ,honorius ,,iii41 drawn f life4 ,he    
also made t ,pope's tomb1 decorat+ x )  

ornam5ts :i* 7 some:at bett] ?an1 & v   
diff]5t f1 ! /yle !n preval5t ?r\gh\t   
,italy4 ,at ! same "t also ,m>*ionne    
made ! lat]al door ( ,s4 ,pietro at     
,bologna1 :i* truly 0 a v great "w = ^? 
times1 because ( ! numb] ( sculptures   
:i* are se5 9 x1 su* z lions 9 relief1  
:i* su/a9 columns1 ) m5 & o!r animals1  
also be>+ burd5s4 ,9 ! ar* above he made
 ! twelve mon?s 9 relief1 ) v>i$        
fancies1 ea* mon? ) its zodiacal sign1 a
 "w :i* mu/ h be5 consid]$ m>vell\s 9 ^?
 times4  ,ab\t ! same "t ! ord] ( !     
fri>s m9ors ( ,/ ,francis 0 e/abli%$1   
:i*1 aft] x _h be5 confirm$ by ,pope    
,innoc5t ,,iii41 increas$ ! g5]al       
dev\tness & ! numb] ( fri>s1 n only 9   
,italy1 b 9 e "p ( ! _w1 to su* an      
ext5t1 t !re 0 sc>cely a city ( note :i*
 did n build *ur*es & conv5ts = !m at v 
great co/1 ea* "o accord+ to its        
ability4 ,?us bro!r ,elias1 :o 0 sup]ior
 ( t ord] at ,assisi1 f\nd$ a *ur*1     
d$icat$ to ,our ,lady 9 t place1 two    
ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ,/ ,francis1 :ile !  

sa9t1 z g5]al ( ! ord]1 0 away prea*+4  
,aft] ! dea? ( ,/ ,francis all ,*ri/5dom
 cr[d$ to visit ! body ( a man1 :o1 bo? 
9 life & 9 dea?1 0 kn[n to h be5 s mu*  
belov$ ( ,god4 ,z e man did alms to !   
sa9t accord+ to 8 ability1 x 0 det]m9$ t
 ! *ur* begun by fri> ,elias %\ld be    
made mu* l>g] & m magnific5t4 ,b s9ce   
!re 0 a sc>city ( good ar*itects1 & z ! 
"w dem&$ an excell5t "o1 x be+ necess>y 
to erect ! build+ on a v high hill1 r\nd
 ! base ( :i* runs a torr5t call$       
,tescio1 a ,g]man ma/] nam$ ,jacopo 0   
br\ght to ,assisi aft] mu* delib]ation1 
z be+ ! be/ man :o 0 !n to be f\nd4     
,aft] he _h exam9$ ! site & und]/ood !  
wi%es ( ! fri>s1 :o held a *apt] g5]al  
at ,assisi = ! purpose1 he design$ a mo/
 beautiful *ur* & conv5t1 mak+ x 9 ?ree 
/ories4 ,"o ( ^! 0 und]gr\nd1 :ile ! two
 o!rs s]v$ z *ur*es1 ! l[] "o to be a   
ve/ibule ) a portico ( consid]able size 
ab\t x1 ! o!r z ! *ur* prop]4 ,! asc5t f
 ! fir/ to ! second 0 manag$ by means ( 
a v conv5i5t arrangem5t ( /eps1 :i*     

encircl$ ! *apel & :i* 7 divid$ into two
 flights = ! sake ( great] com=t1 lead+ 
up to ! second *ur*4 ,he built ?is 9 !  
=m ( ! lett] ,t1 mak+ x five times z    
long z x 0 broad1 divid+ "o nave f ! o!r
 by great /one pill>s1 unit+ !m ) /\t   
ar*es1 betwe5 :i* he set up ! vault+4   
,?is truly monum5tal "w !n 0 c>ri$ out f
 su* plans 9 e detail1 except t he did n
 use ! ,cross vault+ on ! walls betwe5 !
 body ( ! *ur* & ! pr9cipal *apel1 b    
employ$ b>rel vault+ = ! sake ( great]  
/r5g?4 ,he aft]w>ds plac$ ! alt> be=e ! 
pr9cipal *apel ( ! l[] *ur*1 & :5 ?is 0 
f9i%$ he deposit$ ! body ( ,/ ,francis  
b5ea?1 aft] a mo/ solemn translation4 ,&
 because ! tomb ( ! glori\s sa9t is 9 ! 
fir/ or l[] *ur*1 :]e no "o ev] goes1 & 
:i* has its doors wall$ up1 !re is a    
magnific5t iron rail+ ab\t ! alt>1 ri*ly
 adorn$ ) m>ble & mosaic :i* p]mits !   
tomb to be se54 ,on "o side ( ! build+ 7
 erect$ two sacri/ies & a l(ty          
campanile1 five times z high z x is     
broad4 ,above x !re 0 orig9ally a l(ty  

spire ( eight sides1 b x 0 remov$       
because x ?reat5$ to fall d[n4 ,! "w 0  
br\ght to a conclusion 9 ! space ( f\r  
ye>s & no m by ! ability ( ,ma/] ,jacopo
 ! ,g]man1 & by ! indu/ry ( fri> ,elias4
 ,aft] ! fri>'s dea? twelve /rong t[]s 7
 erect$ ab\t ! l[] *ur* 9 ord] t ! va/  
erection %\ld nev] be de/roy$2 9 ea* (  
^! is a spiral /aircase asc5d+ f ! gr\nd
 to ! summit4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 moreov]1 
sev]al *apels 7 add$ & o!r ri* ornam5ts1
 ( :i* x is n necess>y to speak fur!r1 z
 en\gh has be5 said ab\t ! matt] = !    
pres5t1 especially z x is 9 ! p[] ( e "o
 to see h[ mu* t is useful1 ornam5tal1 &
 beautiful has be5 add$ to ?is beg9n+ ( 
,ma/] ,jacopo1 by popes1 c>d9als1       
pr9ces1 & _m o!r great p]sons ( all     
,europe4  ,& n[ to return to ,ma/]      
,jacopo4 ,by means ( ?is "w he acquir$  
su* r5[n ?r\gh\t ,italy t he 0 invit$ to
 ,flor5ce by ! gov]nm5t ( ! city1 & 0   
aft]w>ds receiv$ !re ) ! utmo/ goodwill4
 ,b ! ,flor5t9es1 9 accordance ) a cu/om
 ( abbreviat+ names :i* !y practis$ !n z

 !y d n[1 call$ him n ,jacopo1 b ,lapo1 
all 8 life1 = he settl$ p]man5tly 9 t   
city ) all 8 family4 ,& al?\gh at div]s 
times he w5t away to erect a numb] (    
build+s 9 ,tuscany 8 resid5ce 0 always  
at ,flor5ce4 ,z examples ( su* build+s  
,i may cite ! palace ( ! ,poppi at      
,cas5t9o :i* he built = ! c\nt !re1 :o  
_h m>ri$ ! beautiful ,gualdrada1 ) !    
,cas5t9o z h] d[]2 ! ,vescovado = !     
,aret9es1 & ! ,palazzo ,vec*io ( ! lords
 ( ,pietramela4 ,x 0 at ,flor5ce t he   
laid ! piles ( ! ponte alla ,c>raia1 !n 
call$ ! ponte ,nuovo1 9 #abah1 & f9i%$  
!m 9 two ye>s4 ,a %ort :ile aft]w>ds x 0
 complet$ 9 wood1 z 0 !n ! cu/om4 ,9 !  
ye> #abba he prep>$ plans = ! *ur* ( ,s4
 ,salvadore del ,vescovado :i* 0 begun  
"u 8 direction1 z 0 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,mi*ele
 on ! piazza ,padella :]e !re are "s    
sculptures 9 ! /yle ( ^? days4 ,he next 
design$ a sy/em ( dra9age = ! city1     
rais$ ! piazza ,s4 ,giovanni1 & 9 ! "t (
 ,m4 ,rubaconte da ,m&ella ( ,milan1    
con/ruct$ ! bridge :i* /ill be>s 8 "n4  

,x 0 he :o discov]$ ! useful me?od (    
pav+ ! /reets ) /one1 :5 !y _h previ\sly
 be5 pav$ only ) bricks4 ,he design$ !  
exi/+ ,pode/a palace1 :i* 0 orig9ally   
built = ! amziani1 & f9ally1 aft] he _h 
design$ ! tomb ( ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick = ! 
abbey ( ,monreale 9 ,sicily1 by ! ord] (
 ,manfr$1 he di$1 leav+ ,arnolfo1 8 son1
 heir to 8 ability1 no leas ?an to 8    
=tune4  ,arnolfo1 by ^: tal5ts          
ar*itecture 0 no less improv$ ?an pa9t+ 
_h be5 by ,cimabue1 0 born 9 ! ye>      
#abcb1 & 0 ?irty-two ye>s ( age at 8    
fa!r's dea?4 ,he 0 at t "t held 9 v     
great e/eem1 because1 n only _h he le>n$
 all t 8 fa!r _h to tea*1 b _h /udi$    
design "u ,cimabue 9 ord] to make use ( 
x 9 sculpture1 s t he 0 reput$ ! be/    
ar*itect 9 ,tuscany4 ,?us n only did !  
,flor5t9es f\nd1 "u 8 direction1 ! la/  
circuit ( ! walls ( _! city 9 ! ye>     
#abhd1 b !y also built1 aft] 8 design1 !
 loggia & pill>s ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 :]e
 gra9 is sold1 con/ruct+ x ( brick ) a  
simple ro( above4 ,x 0 also 9 con=mity )

 8 advice t :5 ! cliff ( ! ,magnoli     
fell1 on ! slope ( ,s1 ,giorgio above   
,s4 ,lucia 9 ! via dei ,b>di1 a public  
decree 0 issu$ ! same ye> t no walls or 
edifices %\ld ev] m be erect$ 9 t place 
see+ t !y w\ld always be 9 dang] ow+ to 
! und]m9+ ( ! rock by wat]4 ,t ?is is   
true has be5 se5 9 our day 9 ! fall ( _m
 build+s & f9e h\ses ( ! ari/ocracy4 ,! 
ye> aft]1 #abhe1 he f\nd$ ! loggia &    
piazza ( ! priors1 & 9 ! ,bdia (        
,flor5ce he con/ruct$ ! pr9cipal *apel &
 ^? on ei!r side ( x1 re/or+ bo? ! *ur* 
& *oir1 :i* _h orig9ally be5 built on a 
mu* small] scale by ,c\nt ,ugo1 ! f\nd]4
 ,= ! c>d9al ,giovanni degli ,ors9i1    
papal legate 9 ,tuscany1 he built !     
campanile ( t *ur*1 :i* woo "s praise   
among ! works ( ^? times1 b x did n     
receive its /one f9i%+ until aft] ! ye> 
#acjc4 ,8 next "w 0 ! f\ndation1 9      
#abid1 ( ! *ur* ( ,s1 ,croce1 :]e !     
fri>s m9ors are4 ,arnolfo design$ ! nave
 & side aisles ( ?is *ur* on su* a l>ge 
scale t he 0 unable to vault ! space "u 

! ro( ow+ to ! great di/ances1 s ) mu*  
judgm5t he made ar*es f pill> to pill>1 
& on ^! he plac$ ! ro( ) /one gutt]s    
along ! top ( ! ar*es to c>ry (f ! wat]1
 incl9$ at su* an angle t ! ro( %\ld be 
safe1 z x is1 f ! dang] ( damp4 ,?is ?+ 
0 s novel & +5i\s t x well des]ves !    
consid]ation ( our day4 ,he next prep>$ 
plans = ! fir/ cloi/]s ( ! old conv5t ( 
t *ur*1 & %ortly aft] he remov$ f !     
outside ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni all !  
ar*es & tombs ( m>ble & /one :i* 7 !re &
 put a "p ( !m beh9d ! campanile 9 !    
faade ( ! ,canonical ,palace1 beside !  
oratory ( ,s4 ,zanobi1 :5 he proce$$ to 
incru/ all ! eight sides ( ! ext]ior ( !
 *ur* ) black ,prato m>ble1 remov+ !    
r\gh /one :i* 0 orig9ally us$ ) !       
antique m>bles4  ,9 ! meantime !        
,flor5t9es 7 desir\s ( erect+ build+s 9 
,vald>no above ! ca/le ( ,s4 ,giovanni &
 ,ca/elfranco = ! conv5i5ce ( ! city & =
 ! supply ( victuals to _! m>kets4      
,arnolfo prep>$ ! plan = ?is 9 ! ye>    
#abie1 & gave su* g5]al satisfaction1 z 

inde$ he _h 9 8 o!r works1 t he 0 aw>d$ 
! citiz5%ip ( ,flor5ce4  ,aft] ^! ?+s ! 
,flor5t9es took c\nsel toge!r1 z        
,giovanni ,villani relates 9 8 ,hi/ory1 
to build a pr9cipal *ur* = _! city1 & to
 make x s gr& & magnific5t t no?+ l>g]  
or f9] c\ld be desir$ by ! indu/ry & p[]
 ( man2 & ?us ,arnolfo prep>$ ! plans = 
! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 a build+ 
:i* x is impossible to praise too       
highly4 ,he provid$ t ! ext]ior %\ld be 
entirely incru/$ ) poli%$ m>ble1 ) all !
 cornices1 pill>s1 columns1 c>v+s (     
leaves1 figures1 & o!r ?+s :i* may be   
se5 to-day1 & :i* 7 br\ght v ne>        
completion1 al?\gh n q4 ,b ! mo/        
m>vell\s circum/ance ( all 9 ?is        
und]tak+ 0 ! c>e & judgm5t ) :i* he made
 ! f\ndations1 = 9 cle>+ ! site1 :i* is 
a v f9e "o1 o!r small *ur*es & h\ses    
ab\t ,s4 ,rep>ata 7 involv$ beside t    
edifice itself4 ,he made ! f\ndations ( 
?is great /ructure bo? broad & deep1    
fill+ !m ) good mat]ials1 su* z gravel &
 lime1 ) l>ge /ones at ! bottom1 s t !y 

h be5 able )\t difficulty to be> !      
weight ( !  huge dome ) :i* ,filippo di 
,s] ,brunellesco vault$ ! *ur*1 z may be
 se5 to-day4 ,! excell5ce ( ?is initial 
"w 0 su* t ! place is /ill call$ ,lungo 
i ,fondam5ti 7beside ! f\ndations74 ,!  
lay+ ( ! f\ndations & ! initiation ( s  
great a *ur* 0 celebrat$ ) mu* c]emony4 
,! fir/ /one 0 laid on ! day ( !        
,nativity ( ,our ,lady #abih by ! c>d9al
 legate ( ! ,pope1 9 ! pres5ce n only ( 
_m bi%ops & ( all ! cl]gy1 b also ( !   
pode/a1 capta9s1 priors1 & o!r          
magi/rates ( ! city1 & inde$ ( all ! p (
 ,flor5ce1 ! *ur* be+ call$ ,s4 ,m>ia   
del ,fiore4 ,n[1 z x 0 e/imat$ t !      
exp5ses ( ?is "w w\ld be v heavy1 z !y  
aft]w>ds prov$ to be1 a tax ( f\r d5i]s 
! p\nd 0 impos$ at ! *amb] ( ! commune  
on ev]y?+ export$ f ! city1 z well z a  
tax ( two soldi p] head ye>ly4 ,9       
addition to ?is1 ! ,pope & ! legate (f]$
 ! mo/ lib]al indulg5ces to ^? :o w\ld  
contribute alms t[>ds ! "w4 ,i mu/ n    
omit to m5tion1 h[ev]1 t besides ! broad

 f\ndations ( #ae braccia deep1         
buttresses 71 ) great  =esight1 plac$ at
 ea* angle ( ! eight sides1 & x 0 !     
pres5ce ( ^! :i* enc\rag$ ,brunellesco  
to impose a mu* great] weight !re ?an   
,arnolfo _h orig9ally contemplat$4  ,x  
is said t :5 ,arnolfo began ! two fir/  
lat]al doors ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 he 
caus$ "s fig leaves to be c>v$ 9 a      
frieze1 :i* 7 ! armorial be>+s ( 8 fa!r 
,lapo1 f :i* x may be inf]r$ t ! family 
( ! ,lapi1 n[ among ! nobility (        
,flor5ce1 d]ives its orig9 f him4 ,o!rs 
say t ,filippo di ,s] ,brunellesco 0    
also among ! desc5dants ( ,arnolfo4 ,b  
,i let ?is pass = :at x is wor?1 &      
return to ,arnolfo1 = !re are "s :o say 
t ! ,lapi orig9ally came f ,fig>uolo1 a 
ca/le situat$ at ! m\? ( ! ,po4 ,i say t
 = ?is magnific5t a*ievem5t he des]v$   
un/9t$ praise & an immortal r5[n1 s9ce  
he caus$ ! ext]ior ( ! build+ to be     
incru/$ ) m>ble ( v>i\s col\rs1 & !     
int]ior ) h>d /one1 mak+ ev5 ! mo/      
insignificant corn]s ( ! build+ ( ! same

 /one4 ,b1 9 ord] t e "o may "k !       
proportions ( ?is m>vell\s edifice1 ,i w
 add t f ! doorway to ! f> end ( ! *apel
 ( ,/ ,zanobi ! l5g? is #bfj braccia1 ! 
bread? at ! transepts is #aff braccia1 t
 ( nave & aisles #ff4 ,! nave is #gb    
braccia high1 & ! aisles #dh4 ,! ext]nal
 circumf]5ce ( ! entire *ur* is #abhj   
braccia2 ! cupola1 f ! gr\nd to ! base (
 ! lant]n1 is #aed braccia2 ! lant]n1   
)\t ! ball1 is #cf braccia high1 ! ball 
#d braccia high1 & ! cross #h braccia2 !
 entire cupola1 f ! gr\nd to ! top ( !  
cross1 is #bjb braccia4 ,b to return to 
,arnolfo1 ,i say t he 0 consid]$ s      
excell5t1 & s mu* confid5ce 0 felt 9    
him1 t no?+ ( importance 0 discuss$ )\t 
8 advice be+ fir/ ask$4 ,?us ! f\ndation
 ( ! f9al circuit ( ! city walls hav+   
be5 f9i%$ t same ye> by ! community (   
,flor5ce1 ! comm5cem5t ( :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 above1 & also ! gate t[]s1 & ! "w be+  
well =w>d1 he began ! palace ( !        
,signori1 mak+ x simil> 9 design to t   
:i* 8 fa!r ,lapo _h erect$ = ! c\nts (  

,poppi4 ,b he 0 unable to realise ! gr& 
& magnific5t conception :i* he _h =m$ 9 
t p]fection :i* 8 art & judgm5t requir$1
 because a piazza _h be5 made by !      
dismantl+ & ?r[+ d[n ( ! h\ses ( !      
,ub]ti1 rebels aga9/ ! ,flor5t9e p &    
,ghibell9es1 & ! bl9d prejudice ( c]ta9 
p]sons prevail$ aga9/ all ! argum5ts    
br\ght =w>d by ,arnolfo to su* an ext5t 
t he c\ld n ev5 obta9 p]mission to make 
! palace squ>e1 because ! rul]s ( ! city
 7 mo/ unwill+ to all[ ! build+ to h its
 f\ndations 9 ! l& ( ! ,ub]ti1 & !y w\ld
 r suff] ! de/ruction ( ! s\? nave ( ,s4
 ,pi]o ,s*]aggio ?an give him free scope
 9 ! space designat$4 ,!y 7 also desir\s
 t he %\ld include & adapt to ! palace !
 t[] ( ! ,fi]abos*i1 call$ ! ,torre     
della ,vacca 7,c[ ,t[]71 #ej braccia 9  
height1 9 :i* ! great bell 0 hung1      
toge!r ) "s h\ses b\ght by ! commune =  
su* a build+4 ,= ^! reasons x is no     
m>vel if ! f\ndations ( ! palace are    
awry & out ( ! squ>e1 z1 9 ord] to get !
 t[] 9 ! middle & to make x /rong]1 he 0

 oblig$ to surr\nd x ) ! walls ( !      
palace4 ,^! 7 f\nd to be 9 excell5t     
condition 9 ! ye> #aefa by ,giorgio     
,vas>i1 pa9t] & ar*itect1 :5 he re/or$ !
 palace 9 ! "t ( ,duke ,cosimo1 ,?us1 z 
,arnolfo fill$ ! t[] ) good mat]ials1 x 
0 easy = o!r ma/]s to erect ^u x ! l(ty 
campanile :i* we see to-day1 s9ce he    
himself f9i%$ no m ?an ! palace 9 !     
space ( two ye>s4 ,x 0 9 lat] ye>s t !  
build+ receiv$ ^? improvem5ts to :i* x  
owes its pres5t gr&eur & maje/y4  ,aft] 
all ^! ?+s1 & _m o!rs n less useful ?an 
beautiful1 ,arnolfo di$ at ! age (      
sev5ty1 9 ! ye> #acjj1 ab\t ! "t :5     
,giovanni ,villani began to write !     
g5]al hi/ory ( 8 times4 ,& s9ce he left 
,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore n only ) its       
f\ndations laid1 b saw ?ree pr9cipal    
apses "u ! cupola vault$ 91 to 8 great  
praise1 he des]ves ! memorial set up to 
him 9 ! *ur* on ! side opposite !       
campanile1 ) ^! l9es c>v$ 9 ! m>ble 9   
r\nd lett]s3--      ,anno mill5is c5tum 
bis octo nog5is      ,v5it legatus ,roma

 bonitate donatus      ,qui lapidem     
fixit fundo1 simul et b5$ixit           
,praesule ,francisco1 ge/ante           
pontificatum      ,i/ud ab ,arnolpho    
templum fuit a$ificatum      ,hoc opus  
insigne decorans ,flor5tia digne        
,reg9 coeli con/ruxit m5te fideli       
,quam tu1 ,virgo pia1 semp] def5de1     
,m>ia1  ,i h writt5 ! life ( ,arnolfo ) 
! greate/ possible brevity because1     
al?\gh 8 works d n ne>ly approa* !      
p]fection ( ^? ( ! pres5t "t1 yet he    
none ! less des]ves to be rememb]$ )    
affection1 s9ce1 9 ! mid/ ( s great     
d>kness1 he po9t$ out ! road to         
p]fection to ^? :o came aft] him4 ,!    
portrait ( ,arnolfo1 by ! h& ( ,giotto1 
may be se5 9 ,s4 ,croce1 next to !      
pr9cipal *apel1 :]e ! fri>s are m\rn+ ! 
dea? ( ,/ ,francis4 ,he is repres5t$ 9 !
 =egr\nd z "o ( ! two m5 :o are talk+   
toge!r4 ,a repres5tation ( ! ext]ior ( !
 *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 ) ! dome1 
by ! h& ( ,simon ( ,si5a1 may be se5 9 !
 *apt]-h\se ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella4 ,x 0  

tak5 f ! actual model ( wood :i*        
,arnolfo made4 ,f ?is repres5tation x is
 cle> t ,arnolfo propos$ to beg9 to     
vault 8 space1 />t+ imm$iately above !  
fir/ cornice1 :il/ ,filippo di ,s]      
,brunellesco1 desir+ to light5 ! weight 
& make ! appe>ance ( ! /ructure m       
graceful1 add$ above ?is ! :ole ( !     
space :i* conta9s ! r\nd w9d[s be=e he  
began 8 vault+4 ,?is matt] w\ld be ev5 m
 obvi\s ?an x is _h n ! neglig5ce &     
c>elessness ( ^? :o _h *>ge ( ! works ( 
,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore 9 pa/ ye>s all[$   
,arnolfo's own model1 z well z ^? (     
,brunellesco & o!rs1 to be lo/4         
,niccola & ,giovanni ,pisani1 ,sculptors
 & ,ar*itects4   ,hav+ discuss$ ! arts (
 design & pa9t+ 9 deal+ ) ,cimabue1 & t 
( ar*itecture 9 ! life ( ,arnolfo ,lapo1
 we n[ propose to treat ( sculpture1 & (
 ! v important ar*itectural works (     
,niccola & ,giovanni ,pisani4 ,_!       
a*ievem5ts 9 bo? sculpture & ar*itecture
 are alike rem>kable = ! mann] 9 :i* !y 
h be5 conceiv$ z well z = ! /yle 9 :i*  

!y are execut$1 s9ce to a great ext5t !y
 emancipat$ !mselves f ! clumsy  &      
ill-proportion$ ,byzant9e /yle 9 bo?    
arts1 %[+ m orig9ality 9 ! treatm5t ( _!
 subjects & arrang+ _! figures 9 bett]  
po/ures4  ,niccola ,pisani 0 orig9ally  
associat$ ) "s  ,greek sculptors :o 7   
engag$ ^u ! figures & o!r ornam5ts 9    
relief = ! ,duomo at ,pisa & ! *ur* (   
,san ,giovanni !re4 ,among ! spoils     
br\ght home by ! ,pisan fleet 0 a v f9e 
s>cophagus on :i* 0 an admirable        
repres5tation ( ! *ase ( ,meleag]1 hunt+
 ! ,calydonian bo>4 ,bo? ! nude & !     
drap$ figures ( ?is composition are     
execut$ ) mu* skill1 :ile ! design is   
p]fect4 ,?is s>cophagus1 on acc\nt ( its
 beauty1 0 aft]w>ds plac$ by ! ,pisans 9
 ! faade ( ! ,duomo opposite ,s1 ,rocco1
 aga9/ ! pr9cipal door on t side4 ,x    
orig9ally s]v$ z a tomb/one = ! "m ( !  
,c\ntess ,matilda1 if we may cr$it !    
inscription cut 9 ! m>ble3  ,anno ,dom9i
 ,,mcxvi4 ,kal4 ,aug4 obiit ,d4 ,matilda
 felisis memoriae comitissa1 quae pro   

anima g5etricis suae ,d4 ,beatricis     
comitissae v5]abilis 9 hoc tumba        
honorabili quiescsnts 9 multis p>tis    
mirificc hanc dotavit ecclesiam1 qu>um  
animae requiesc5t 9 pace4  ,& !n foll[s3
  ,anno ,dom9i ,,mccciii4 sub dignissimo
 optr>io ,burgundio ,tadi occasione     
graduum fi5dorum p] ipsum circa         
ecclesiam supradictam tumba sup]ius     
notata bis trantlata fuit1 nunc de      
s$ibus primis 9 ecclesiam1 nunc de      
ecclesia 9 hunc locum1 ut c]nitis       
eccel5tem4  ,niccola1 consid]+ !        
excell5ce ( ?is "w1 :i* greatly delight$
 him1 appli$ su* dilig5ce 9 imitat+ t   
/yle1 /udy+ c>efully bo? ! s>cophagus & 
o!r excell5t sculptures on o!r antique  
s>cophagi1 t be=e long he 0 consid]$ !  
be/ sculptor ( 8 "t4 ,!re 0 inde$1 aft] 
,arnolfo1 no o!r sculptor ( repute 9    
,tuscany except ,fuccio1 a ,flor5t9e    
ar*itect & sculptor4 ,fuccio design$ ,s4
 ,m>ia sopra ,arno at ,flor5ce 9 #abbi1 
putt+ 8 "n ov] ! door4 ,! m>ble tomb ( !
 que5 ( ,cyprus 9 ! *ur* ( ,/ ,francis (

 ,assisi is also 8 "w4 ,x conta9s a     
numb] ( figures1 ! pr9cipal "o be+ !    
que5 h]self1 seat$ on a lion1 z         
emblematical ( h] /r5g? ( m9d4 ,%e _h   
bequea!d a l>ge sum ( money = !         
completion ( ^! works4  ,niccola hav+   
prov$ himself a mu* great] ma/] ?an     
,fuccio1 0 summon$ to ,bologna 9 #abbe  
to make a m>ble tomb = ,/ ,dom5ic       
,calagora1 f\nd] ( ! ord] ( ! ,fri>s    
,prea*]s1 !n rec5tly deceas$4 ,hav+1    
arrang$ ) ^? :o _h *>ge ( ! "w1 he      
design$ a  tomb  full  ( figures1 z may 
be se5 at ?is day4 ,! task 0 complet$ 9 
#abca1 & ! f9i%$ tomb 0 greatly prais$1 
x be+ consid]$ a rem>kable "w1 & ! be/  
piece ( sculpture execut$ up to t "t4   
,he fur!r made plans = ! *ur* !re & = a 
great "p ( ! conv5t4 ,on return+ to     
,tuscany1 he le>n$ t ,fuccio _h set out 
f ,flor5ce & 0 gone to ,rome1 at ! "t :5
 ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick 0 cr[n$ !re by      
,honorius4 ,f ,rome ,fuccio accompani$  
,fr$]ick to ,naples1 :]e he f9i%$ !     
ca/le ( ,capoana1 n[ call$ la ,vi*]ia1  

:]e all ! c\rts ( t k+dom are held4 ,he 
also complet$ ! ,ca/el del' ,uovo1 f\nd+
 ! t[]s1 made ! gate on ! side ( ! ,riv]
 ,volturno at ,capua1 con/ruct$ a p>k   
ne> ,grav9a = f[l+1 enclos+ x by a wall1
 & made ano!r at ,amalfi = w9t] hunt+1  
besides _m o!r ?+s :i* are omitt$ = !   
sake ( brevity4  ,mean:ile ,niccola 0   
/ay+ at ,flor5ce1 obta9+ practice n only
 9 sculpture b also 9 ar*itecture by    
means ( ! works :i* 7 9 progress ?r\gh\t
 ,italy1 b especially 9 ,tuscany1 ) "s  
am\nt ( good design4 ,?us he contribut$ 
n a little to ! abbey ( ,settimo1 left  
unf9i%$ by ! executors ( ,c\nt ,hugh (  
,br&5burg1 z ! o!r six _h be51 z we h   
notic$ above4 ,= al?\gh an inscription  
on ! campanile ( ! abbey reads ,gugliel 
me fecit yet x is cle> f ! /yle ( ! "w t
 x 0 c>ri$ out "u ! control ( ,niccola4 
,at ! same "t he 0 build+  !  old       
palace ( ! anziani at ,pisa4 ,?is build+
  has  be5 dismantl$ at ! pres5t "t by  
,duke ,cas9o1 :o has us$ a "p ( ! old   
edifice = ! erection ( ! magnific5t     

palace & conv5t ( ! new ord] ( ! knights
 ( ,/ ,/eph51 aft] ! designs  ( ,giorgio
 ,vas>i1 ,aret9e pa9t] & ar*itect1 :o   
has done 8 be/ ) ! old walls1 to adapt  
!m to ! mod]n /yle4 ,niccola design$ _m 
o!r palaces & *ur*es at ,pisa1 & he 0 ! 
fir/1 aft] ! loss ( good me?ods (       
con/ruction1 :o introduc$ ! f\nd+ (     
build+s at ,pisa ^u pill>s connect$ by  
ar*es1 fir/ driv+ piles 9 "u ! pill>s4  
,?is me?od r5d]s ! build+ absolutely    
secure1 z is %[n by exp]i5ce1 :]eas )\t 
! piles1 ! f\ndations are liable to give
 way1 caus+ ! walls to fall d[n4 ,! *ur*
 ( ,s4 ,mi*ele 9 ,borgo ( ! monks (     
,gamaldoli 0 also built aft] 8 plans4 ,b
 ! mo/ beautiful1 +5i\s & fanciful piece
 ( ar*itecture t ,niccola ev] con/ruct$ 
0 ! campanile ( ,s4 ,niccola at ,pisa1  
:]e ! fri>s ( ,/ ,augu/9e are4 ,outside 
x is octagonal1 b ! int]ior is r\nd ) a 
w9d+ /aircase ris+ to ! top leav+ !     
middle space void l a well1 :ile on e   
f\r? /ep !re are columns ) lame ar*es1  
:i* foll[ ! curve ( ! build+4 ,! spr+ ( 

! vault+ re/s ^u ^! ar*es1 & ! asc5t is 
( su* sort t anyone on !  gr\nd always  
sees ^? :o are go+ up1 ^? :o are at  !  
top see ^? :o are on ! gr\nd1 :ile ^? :o
 are 9 ! middle see bo? ^? :o are above 
& ^? bel[4 ,?is curi\s inv5tion 0       
aft]w>ds adopt$ by ,bramante 9 a bett]  
/yle ) m balanc$ measurem5ts & ri*]     
ornam5tation1 = ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 9 ! 
,belv$]e at ,rome1 & by ,antonio da     
,sangallo = ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 9 !    
well at ,orvieto1 z w be said :5 ! "t   
comes4  ,to return to ,niccola :o       
excell$ no less z a sculptor ?an z an   
ar*itect4 ,= ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>t9o at     
,lucca he execut$ a deposition f !      
,cross1 :i* is "u ! portico above ! m9or
 doorway on ! left h& z "o ent]s ! *ur*4
 ,x is execut$ 9 m>ble1 & is full (     
figures 9 half relief1 c>ri$ out ) great
 c>e1 ! m>ble be+ pi]c$ ?r\gh1 & ! :ole 
f9i%$ 9 su* /yle z to give rise to hopes
 9 ^? :o fir/ practis$ ?is art ) ! mo/  
sev]e lab\r1 t "o w\ld soon come :o w\ld
 give !m m assi/ance ) great] ease4 ,x 0

 ,niccola also :o 9 ! ye> #abdj design$ 
! *ur* ( ,s4 ,jacopo at ,pi/oia1 & set  
"s ,tuscan ma/]s to "w !re 9 mosaic1 :o 
did ! vault+ ( ! apse4 ,b al?\gh x 0    
consid]$ a difficult & co/ly ?+ at ! "t1
 x r moves "o to laught] & compassion   
to-day1 & n to admiration1 oh acc\nt ( !
 poorness ( ! design1 a defect :i* 0    
preval5t n only 9 ,tuscany1 b ?r\gh\t   
,italy1 :]e ! numb] ( build+s & o!r ?+s 
erect$ )\t me?od & )\t design betray !  
pov]ty ( _! m9ds no less ?an ! b\ntiful 
ri*es lavi%$ on !m by ! m5 ( _! day2 a  
wa/eful exp5diture ( weal?1 because !re 
0 no ma/]s capable ( execut+ 9 a good   
/yle ! ?+s :i* !y made = !m4 ,n[        
,niccola 0 /eadily increas+ 8 r5[n 9 bo?
 sculpture & ar*itecture1 & 0 ( great]  
acc\nt ?an ! sculptors & ar*itects :o 7 
!n at "w 9 ! ,romagna1 z "o may see 9   
,s4 ,ippolito & ,s4 ,giovanni at ,fa5za1
 9 ! ,duomo ( ,rav5na1 9 ,s4 ,francesco1
 9 ! h\ses ( ! ,trav]s>i1 & 9 ! *ur* (  
,prato1 & at ,rim9i1 9 ! public palace1 
9 ! h\ses ( ! ,malate/i1 & 9 o!r build+s

 :i* are mu* worse ?an ! old build+s    
erect$ 9 ,tuscany at ! same "t2 & :at is
 "h said ( ! ,romagna1 may be repeat$ ) 
ev5 m tru? ( a "p ( ,lomb>dy4 ,x is only
 necess>y to see ! ,duomo ( ,f]r>a & !  
o!r build+s erect$ = ! ,m>quis ,azzo1 to
 p]ceive at once h[ diff]5t !y are f !  
,santo ( ,padua1 built f ,niccola's     
model1 & f ! *ur* ( ! fri>s m9ors at    
,v5ice1 bo? ( !m magnific5t & fam\s     
build+s4  ,9 ,niccola's day !re 7 _m    
mov$ by a laudable _s ( emulation1 :o   
appli$ !mselves m dilig5tly to sculpture
 ?an !y _h done be=e1 especially 9      
,milan1 :]e _m ,lomb>ds & ,g]mans 7     
ga!r$ = ! build+ ( ! ,duomo4 ,^! 7      
aft]w>ds scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,italy by !    
diss5sions :i* arose betwe5 ! ,milanese 
& ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick4 ,!y !n began to   
compete among !mselves1 bo? 9 c>v+ m>ble
 & 9 erect+ build+s1 & produc$ works (  
"s am\nt ( excell5ce4 ,! same ?+ happ5$ 
9 ,flor5ce aft] ! works ( ,arnolfo &    
,niccola 7 se54 ,! latt]1 :ile ! little 
*ur* ( ! ,mis]icordia on ! piazza ,s4   

,giovanni 0 be+ built aft] 8 designs1   
c>v$ a m>ble /atue ( ,our ,lady ) ,/    
,dom5ic & ano!r sa9t on ei!r side1 :i*  
may /ill be se5 on ! faade ( t *ur*4 ,x 
0 also 9 ,niccola's "t t ! ,flor5t9es   
began to demoli% _m t[]s1 erect$        
previ\sly 9 a rude /yle 9 ord] t ! p    
%\ld suff] less by _! means 9 ! frequ5t 
collisions betwe5 ! ,guelphs &          
,ghibell9es1 or = ! great] security ( ! 
commonweal4 ,"o ( ^!1 ! t[] (           
,gu>damorto1 situat$ on ! piazza ,s2    
,giovanni1 pres5t$ unusual difficulty to
 ^? :o wi%$ to de/roy x because ! walls 
7 s well knit t ! /ones c\ld n be remov$
 ) ! pickaxe1 & also because ! t[] 0 a v
 high "o4 ,niccola1 h[ev]1 caus$ a piece
 to be cut out ( "o ( ! sides ( ! t[] & 
clos$ ! gap ) wood5 supports1 a braccia 
& a half long1 he !n set fire to !      
props1 & s soon z ^! 7 consum$ ! t[]    
fell d[n & 0 totally de/roy$4 ,! idea   
seem$ s +5i\s & s well adapt$ = su*     
em]g5cies1 t x aft]w>ds came into g5]al 
use1 s t :5ev] x 0 necess>y to de/roy a 

build+1 ! task 0 spe$ily accompli%$ 9   
?is mo/ facile mann]4  ,niccola 0 pres5t
 :5 ! f\ndations ( ! ,duomo ( ,si5a 7   
laid1 & he design$ ! ,*ur* ( ,s4        
,giovanni 9 t city4 ,he w5t back to     
,flor5ce 9 ! ye> ( ! return ( !         
,guelphs1 & design$ ! *ur* ( ,s4        
,tr9ita1 & ! wom5's conv5t at ,fa5za1   
pull$ d[n 9  rec5t ye>s to make !       
citadel4 ,be+ subsequ5tly summon$ to    
,naples1 & n wi%+ to ab&on 8 ent]prises 
9 ,tuscany1 he s5t ?i!r 8 pupil         
,maglione1 sculptor & ar*itect1 :o 9 !  
"t ( ,conrad aft]w>ds built ! *ur* ( ,s4
 ,lor5zo at ,naples1 f9i%$ a "p ( !     
,vescorado1 & made "s tombs !re1 9 :i*  
he closely imitat$ ! mann] ( 8 ma/]1    
,niccola4 ,9 ! meantime ,niccola w5t to 
,volt]ra1 9 ! ye> t ! p ( t place came  
"u ! dom9ion ( ! ,flor5t9es 7#abed71 9  
response to a summons1 because !y wi%$  
him to enl>ge _! ,duomo1 :i* 0 small2 & 
al?\gh x 0 v irregul>1 he improv$ its   
appe>ance1 & made x m magnific5t ?an x 0
 orig9ally4 ,!n at l5g? he return$ to   

,pisa & made ! m>ble pulpit ( ,s4       
,giovanni1 devot+ all 8 skill to x1 s t 
he might leave a memory ( himself 9 8   
native place4 ,among o!r ?+s 9 x he c>v$
 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 fill+ x ) a numb] (   
figures1 & if !y are n p]fectly design$ 
!y are at any rate execut$ ) pati5ce &  
dilig5ce1 z may be se52 & because he    
consid]$ t he _h complet$ a "w :i* 0    
wor?y ( praise1 z inde$ he _h1 he c>v$ !
 foll[+ l9es at ! foot3       ,anno     
mill5o bis c5tum bisque trid5o4         
,hoc opus insigne sculpsit ,nicola      
,pisanus4  ,! p ( ,si5a1 mov$ by ! fame 
( ?is "w1 :i* greatly delight$ n only ! 
,pisans1 b :oev] saw x1 assign$ to      
,niccola ! task ( mak+ = _! ,duomo !    
pulpit f :i* ! gospel is sung1 at ! "t  
:5 ,guglielmo ,m>iscotti 0 praetor4 ,9  
?is ,niccola introduc$ a numb] (        
subjects f ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/1       
especially rem>kable = ! figures :i* !y 
conta91 :i* /& out 9 high relief1 all b 
sev]$ f ! backgr\nd1 a "w ( great       
difficulty4 ,he likewise design$ ! *ur* 

& conv5t ( ,s4 ,dom5ico at ,arezzo1 = ! 
lords ( ,pietramela :o built x1 & at !  
reque/ ( ! bi%op ,ub]t9i he re/or$ !    
,pieve ( ,cortona1 & f\nd$ ! *ur* ( ,s4 
,m>gh]ita = ! fri>s ( ,/ ,francis1 on ! 
highe/ gr\nd 9 t city4 ,! fame (        
,niccola 0 cont9ually on ! increase1 ow+
 to ^! works1 s t 9 #abfg he 0 invit$ by
 ,pope ,clem5t ,,iv4 to ,vit]bo1 :]e1   
among _m o!r ?+s he re/or$ ! *ur* &     
conv5t ( ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s4 ,f ,vit]bo  
he w5t to ,naples to ,k+ ,*>les1 :o hav+
 defeat$ & sla9 ,currad9o on ! pla9 (   
,tagliacozzo1 f\nd$ a weal?y *ur* &     
abbey on ! spot1 = ! burial-place ( !   
l>ge numb] ( m5 :o _h fall5 on t day1   
orda9+ t pray]s %\ld be (f]$ = _! s\ls  
bo? day & night by _m monks4 ,k+ ,*>les 
0 s delight$ ) ! "w ( ,niccola 9 ?is    
build+ t he load$ him ) hon\rs & rew>ds4
 ,on ! way back f ,naples to ,tuscany   
,niccola /ay$ to take "p 9 ! build+ (   
,s4 ,m>ia at ,orvieto1 :]e he work$ 9 ! 
company ( "s ,g]mans1 mak+ figures 9    
high relief 9 m>ble = ! front ( t *ur*1 

& m p>ticul>ly a ,la/ ,judgm5t1 compris+
 bo? ,p>adise & ,hell2 & z he took !    
greate/ pa9s to r5d] ! s\ls ( ! bless$ 9
 ,p>adise z beautifully z he possibly   
c\ld1 s he introduc$ into 8 ,hell ! mo/ 
fanta/ic %ape ( devils imag9able1 all   
int5t on torm5t+ ! s\ls ( ! damn$4 ,9   
?is "w n only did he surpass ! ,g]mans  
:o 7 work+ !re1 b ev5 himself1 to 8     
great glory1 &  because he introduc$ a  
great numb] ( figures & sp>$ no pa9s1 x 
has be5 prais$ ev5 to our own day by ^? 
^: judgm5t does n ext5d beyond su*      
circum/ances4  ,among o!r *ildr5        
,niccola _h a son call$ ,giovanni1 :o 0 
always ) 8 fa!r1 & "u 8 c>e le>n$ bo?   
sculpture & ar*itecture1 s t 9 ! c\rse (
 a few ye>s he became n only ! equal ( 8
 fa!r1 b 8 sup]ior 9 "s ?+s4 ,?us1 z    
,niccola 0 already old1 he )drew to     
,pisa & liv$ quietly !re1 leav+ !       
control ( ev]y?+ to 8 son4 ,at ! dea? 9 
,p]ugia ( ,pope ,urban ,,iv41 ,giovanni 
0 s5t = to make ! tomb1 :i* he execut$ 9
 m>ble2 b x 0 aft]w>ds ?r[n d[n1 toge!r 

) t ( ,pope ,m>t9 ,,iv41 :5 ! ,p]ugians 
enl>g$ _! ,vescovado1 s t only a few    
rema9s may be se5 to-day disp]s$ ab\t ! 
*ur*4 ,at ! same "t ! ,p]ugians1 ?anks  
to ! skill & indu/ry ( a fri> ( !       
,silve/r9i1 _h br\ght to _! city f !    
hill ( ,pacciano1 two miles away1 an    
abundance ( wat]4 ,! ornam5tation ( !   
f\nta9 9 bo? bronze & m>ble 0 entru/$ to
 ,giovanni1 s t he !reupon set 8 h& to !
 "w1 mak+ ?ree bas9s1 "o above ! o!r1   
two 9 m>ble & "o 9 bronze4 ,! fir/ is   
plac$ at ! top ( a flight ( /eps (      
twelve faces1 ! second re/s on "s pill>s
 :i* rise f ! c5tre ( ! fir/1 :ile !    
?ird1 :i* is ( bronze1 is support$ by   
?ree figures2 & 9 ! middle are griff9s1 
also ( bronze1 :i* ?r[ out wat] on e    
side4 ,& z ,giovanni consid]$ t he _h   
execut$ an excell5t piece ( "w1 he put 8
 "n to x4 ,! ar*es & conduits ( ?is     
f\nta91 :i* co/ #afj1jjj gold ducats1 7 
f\nd to be v mu* worn & brok5 ab\t ! ye>
 #aefj1 b ,v9c5zio ,danti1 sculptor (   
,p]ugia1 contriv$ a means1 to 8 great   

glory1 ( br++ wat] to ! f\nta9 9 !      
orig9al way1 )\t rebuild+ ! ar*es1 :i*  
w\ld h be5 v co/ly4 ,:5 ! "w 0 f9i%$    
,giovanni felt anxi\s to return to see 8
 old fa!r1 :o 0 sick1 & he set out f    
,p]ugia int5d+ to return to ,pisa2 b on 
8 way ?r\gh ,flor5ce he 0 compell$ to   
/ay !re1 to assi/ ) o!rs at ! mills ( ! 
,arno1 :i* 7 be+ made at ,s4 ,gregorio1 
ne> ! piazza dei ,mozzi4 ,b at l5g?     
receiv+ ^w t 8 fa!r ,niccola 0 dead1 he 
dep>t$ = ,pisa1 :]e he 0 receiv$ ) great
 hon\r by all ! city1 on acc\nt ( 8     
wor?1 s9ce ev]yone rejoic$ t al?\gh     
,niccola 0 lo/ to !m1 yet !y /ill       
possess$ ,giovanni1 :o inh]it$ 8 fa!r's 
ability z well z 8 prop]ty4 ,nor 7 !y   
deceiv$ 9 him :5 ! "t ( te/+ arriv$1 =  
:5 x 0 necess>y to d "s few ?+s = ! t9y 
b highly-ornate *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia della  
,sp9a1 ! task 0 entru/$ to ,giovanni4   
,he !re=e put 8 h& to ! "w & br\ght !   
ornam5tation ( t oratory to ! /ate (    
p]fection :i* x possesses to-day1 ! m s 
z he introduc$ ! portrait ( ,niccola1   

tak5 f life1 execut$ to ! be/ ( 8       
ability4 ,:5 ! ,pisans _h se5 ?is !y    
decid$ to entru/ him ! con/ruction ( !  
,campo ,santo1 :i* is aga9/ ! piazza del
 ,duomo t[>ds ! walls1 z !y _h long     
desir$ & talk$ ( hav+ a place = ! burial
 ( all _! dead1 bo? g5tle & simple1 s t 
! ,duomo %\ld n be fill$ ) tombs1 or =  
o!r reasons4 ,?us ,giovanni ) good      
designs & great judgm5t erect$ ! build+ 
z we n[ see x1 9 /yle1 size1 & m>ble    
ornam5tation1 & z no exp5se 0 sp>$1 x 0 
ro($ ) lead4 ,on ! outside ( ! pr9ciple 
entrance may be read ^! words1 c>v$ 9 ! 
m>ble3      ,a4,d4 ,,mcclxxviii4 tempore
 ,dom9i ,f$]igi ar*iepiscopi            
,pisani1 et ,dom9i ,t]lati pote/atis    
op]>io ,orl&o ,s>della1     ,johanne    
magi/ro a$ificante4  ,9 ! completion (  
?is "w1 #abhc1 ,giovanni w5t to ,naples1
 :]e he erect$ ! ,ca/el ,nuovo = ,k+    
,*>les2 & 9 ord] to enl>ge x & add to   
its /r5g?1 he 0 compell$ to pull d[n a  
numb] ( h\ses & *ur*es1 among !m a      
conv5t ( ! fri>s ( ,/ ,francis1 :i* 0   

aft]w>ds rebuilt on a l>g] & gr&] scale 
at "s di/ance f ! ca/le1 ) ! title ( ,s4
 ,m>ia della ,nuova4 ,aft] ^! build+ _h 
be5 set on foot & 7 well advanc$1       
,giovanni left ,naples to return to     
,tuscany1 b :5 he rea*$ ,si5a he 0 n    
all[$ to g f>!r1 b 0 induc$ to design ! 
faade ( ! ,duomo ( t city1 :i* 0        
subsequ5tly erect$ f 8 plans 9 a v ri* &
 magnific5t /yle4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1      
#abhf1 :ile ! bi%op's palace at ,arezzo 
0 be+ built f ! design ( ,m>g>itone1    
ar*itect ( ,arezzo1 ,giovanni 0 fet*$ f 
,si5na to t city by ,guglielmo ,ub]t9i1 
! bi%op !re4 ,he !re execut$ 9 m>ble !  
table ( ! high alt>1 full ( figures cut 
9 relief ( leaves & o!r ornam5ts1 divid+
 ! "w into comp>tm5ts by f9e mosaics &  
enamels on silv] plates1 fix$ into !    
m>ble ) great c>e4 ,9 ! mid/ is ,our    
,lady ) ! *ild at h] neck1 & on "o side 
( h] is ,/ ,gregory ! ,pope 7:i* is a   
portrait ( ,pope ,honorius ,,iv4 drawn f
 life71 & on ! o!r side ,/ ,donato1 !   
bi%op & protector ( t city1 ^: body1 )  

^? ( ,/ ,antilia & o!r sa9ts1 re/ "u t  
same alt>4 ,& z ! alt> /&s out by       
itself1 ! sides are decorat$ ) small    
repres5tations 9 bas-relief f ! life (  
,/ ,donato1 & ! "w is cr[n$ ) a s]ies ( 
ni*es1 full ( m>ble figures 9 relief1 ( 
exquisite workman%ip4 ,on ! ,madonna's  
brea/ is an ornam5t %ap$ l a gold       
casket1 conta9+1 if report be true1     
jewels ( great value1 al?\gh x is       
believ$ t !y1 z well z "s o!r small     
figures on ! top & ab\t ! "w1 7 tak5    
away by ! soldi]s1 :o d n (t5 respect ! 
ev5 mo/ ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,on ^! works ! 
,aret9es exp5d$ #cj1jjj flor9s1 z is    
f\nd 9 "s records4 ,nor does ?is appe>  
impossible1 because at t "t x 0 consid]$
 to be a ?+ ( ! mo/ preci\s & r>e       
description1 s t :5 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa  
return$ f 8 coronation at ,rome1 & 0    
pass+ ?r\gh ,arezzo _m ye>s aft] its    
completion1 he prais$ & admir$ x        
inf9itely1 & inde$ ) good cause1 s9ce ! 
jo9ts are con/ruct$ ( t9y pieces s      
excell5tly weld$ toge!r1 t to an        

inexp]i5c$ eye1 ! :ole "w seems to be   
made 9 "o piece4 ,9 ! same *ur*         
,giovanni made ! *apel ( ! ,ub]t9i1 a   
noble family1 & lords ( a ca/le1 z !y   
/ill are1 ?\gh !y 7 =m]ly ( great]      
e/ate4 ,he adorn$ ?is ) _m m>ble        
ornam5ts1 :i* are to-day cov]$ ov] by _m
 l>ge ornam5ts ( /one1 plac$ !re 9 ! ye>
 #aece1 aft] plans by ,giorgio ,vas>i1 =
 ! support ( an organ ( extraord9>y     
excell5ce & beauty :i* re/s ^u !m4      
,giovanni ,pisano also design$ ! *ur* ( 
,s4 ,m>ia dei ,s]vi1 :i* has be5 de/roy$
 9 our day1 toge!r ) _m palaces ( !     
noble/ families ( ! city1 = ! reasons   
m5tion$ above4 ,i mu/ n omit to note t 9
 ! con/ruction ( ! m>ble alt> ,giovanni 
0 assi/$ by "s ,g]mans1 :o associat$ )  
him1 r = ! sake ( le>n+ ! art1 ?an =    
ga91 & :o pr(it$ s mu* by 8 in/ruction1 
t :5 !y w5t to ,rome1 aft] ! completion 
( t "w1 !y s]v$ ,pope ,boniface ,,viii4 
9 _m works ( sculpture execut$ = ,/     
,pet]'s1 & also 9 ar*itecture1 :5 he    
made ,civita ,ca/ellana4 ,!y 71 moreov]1

 s5t by t ,pope to ,s4 ,m>ia at         
,orvieto1 :]e !y made a numb] ( m>ble   
figures = ! faade ( ! *ur*1 :i* 7 v     
tol]able = ^? times4 ,b among ! o!rs :o 
assi/$ ,giovanni 9 8 und]tak+s = !      
,vescovado at ,arezzo1 7 ,ago/9o &      
,agnolo1 sculptors & ar*itects ( ,si5a1 
:o f> surpass$ all ! o!rs1 z w be said 9
 ! prop] place4 ,b to return to         
,giovanni4 ,:5 he left ,orvieto he came 
to ,flor5ce to see ,arnolfo's build+ (  
,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 & also to see     
,giotto1 ( :om he _h he>d a great deal  
else:]e2 b no soon] _h he arriv$ 9      
,flor5ce ?an he 0 appo9t$ by ! int5dants
 ( ! fabric ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore to   
make ! ,madonna1 :i* /&s betwe5 two     
small angels above ! door ( t *ur*1 :i* 
leads into ! canons' qu>t]s1 a "w mu*   
prais$ at ! "t4 ,he next made ! small   
font = ,s4 ,giovanni1 conta9+           
repres5tations f ! life ( t sa9t 9      
half-relief4 ,proce$+ !nce to ,bologna  
he direct$ ! con/ruction ( ! pr9cipal   
*apel ( ! *ur* ( ,/ ,dom5ico1 9 :i* he 0

 also commission$ to make ! m>ble alt>  
by ,teodorico ,borgognoni ( ,lucca1 !n  
bi%op1 a fri> ( t ord]4 ,lat] on        
7#abih71 9 ! same place1 he made ! m>ble
 table 9 :i* are ,our ,lady & eight o!r 
figures1 all ( v tol]able workman%ip4 ,9
 ! ye> #acjj1 :5 ,niccola da ,prato 0 at
 ,flor5ce z c>d9al legate ( ! ,pope1 = !
 purpose ( settl+ ! discords among !    
,flor5t9es1 he caus$ ,giovanni to build 
a nunn]y = him at ,prato1 :i* 0 call$   
,s4 ,niccola aft] him1 & 9 ! same       
di/rict he made him re/ore ! conv5t (   
,s4 ,dom5ico1 z well z t ( ,pi/oia1 9   
bo? ( :i* ! arms ( t c>d9al may /ill be 
se54 ,& s9ce ! ,pi/olese held ! "n (    
,niccola1 ,giovanni's fa!r1 9 great     
respect1 because he _h display$ 8 tal5ts
 9 t city1 !y commission$ ,giovanni to  
make a m>ble pulpit = ! *ur* ( ,s4      
,&rea1 simil> to t :i* he _h made = !   
,duomo ( ,si5a1 & 9 competition ) "o :i*
 _h be5 made %ortly be=e = ! *ur* ( ,s4 
,giovanni ,evangeli/a by a ,g]man1 :i*  
_h be5 mu* prais$4 ,giovanni f9i%$ 8    

task 9 f\r ye>s1 divid+ ! "w into f\r   
subjects f ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 &     
fur!r introduc+ a ,la/ ,judgm5t1 work+ )
 ! utmo/ dilig5ce 9 ord] to equal1 &    
p]haps surpass1 t celebrat$ pulpit (    
,orvieto4 ,ab\t ! pulpit above "s       
columns :i* support x & 9 ! ar*itrave he
 c>v$ ! foll[+ l9es1 s9ce he ?\ght t he 
_h complet$ a great & beautiful "w1 z   
inde$ he _h1 consid]+ ! atta9m5ts ( !   
age3       ,hoc opus sculpsit ,johannes1
 qui res non egit inanes4      ,nicoli  
natus 4 4 4 meliora beatus      ,quam   
g5uit ,pisa1 doctum sup] omnia visa4    
,at ! same "t ,giovanni made ! holy wat]
 vessel 9 m>ble = ! same *ur* ( ,s4     
,giovanni ,evangeli/a1 borne by ?ree    
figures1 ,temp]ance1 ,prud5ce & ,ju/ice1
 & z x 0 !n consid]$ a "w ( great       
beauty1 x 0 plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! *ur* z 
a rem>kable object4 ,be=e he left       
,pi/oia he made ! model = ! campanile ( 
,s4 ,jacopo1 ! pr9cipal *ur* ( ! city1  
al?\gh ! "w 0 n !n begun4 ,! t[] is     
situat$ beside ! *ur* 9 ! piazza ( ,s4  

,jacopo1 & be>s ! date ,a4,d4 #acja4 ,on
 ! dea? ( ,pope ,b5$ict ,,ix4 at4       
,p]ugia1 ,giovanni 0 s5t = to make 8    
tomb1 :i* he execut$ 9 m>ble 9 ! old    
*ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico ( ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s1
 plac+ ! ,pope's effigy1 tak5 f life1 & 
9 8 pontifical habit1 ^u ! s>cophagus ) 
two angels hold+ a curta91 "o on ei!r   
side1 & ,our ,lady above1 betwe5 two    
sa9ts1 execut$ 9 relief1 z well z _m o!r
 ornam5ts c>v$ on ! tomb4 ,simil>ly 9 ! 
new *ur* ( ! same ord] he made ! tomb ( 
,m4 ,niccolo ,guidalotti ( ,p]ugia1     
bi%op ( ,recanati1 :o 0 ! f\nd] ( ! new 
,univ]sity ( ,p]ugia4 ,9 ?is same new   
*ur*1 :i* _h be5 previ\sly f\nd$ by     
o!rs1 he direct$ ! con/ruction ( !      
pr9cipal nave1 & ?is "p ( ! build+ 0 mu*
 m securely f\nd$ ?an ! re/1 :i* leans  
ov] to "o side1 & ?reat5s to fall d[n1  
ow+ to ! faulty lay+ ( ! f\ndations4 ,& 
9 tru? he :o und]takes to build or p]=m 
any ?+s ( importance ought always to    
take ! advice1 n ( ^? :o "k little1 b ( 
^? mo/ compet5t to help him1 s t he may 

n aft]w>ds h to rep5t ) loss & %ame t he
 0 ill-direct$ :5 he 0 9 mo/ ne$ (      
assi/ance4  ,:5 he _h complet$ 8 lab\rs 
9 ,p]ugia1 ,giovanni wi%$ to g to ,rome 
to le>n f ! few antique ?+s !re1 z 8    
fa!r _h done1 b be+ h9d]$ by good       
reasons1 he 0 nev] able to fulfil 8     
desire1 *iefly because he he>d t ! c\rt 
_h j gone to ,avignon4 ,s he return$ to 
,pisa1 :]e ,nello di ,giovanni ,falconi1
 craftsman1 entru/$ to him ! great      
pulpit ( ! ,duomo1 :i* is fix$ to ! *oir
 on ! "r h& side z "o approa*es ! high  
alt>4 ,he set to "w on ?is1 & on a numb]
 ( figures 9 full relief1 ?ree braccia  
high1 :i* he int5d$ to use = x1 & little
 by little he br\ght x to its pres5t =m1
 re/+ 9 "p on ! said figures & 9 "p ^u  
lions1 :ile on ! sides he repres5t$     
sc5es f ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is    
truly a s9 t s mu* money1 su* dilig5ce &
 lab\r %\ld n be accompani$ by good     
design1 & t x %\ld lack t p]fection1    
inv5tion1 grace1 & good /yle :i* any "w 
( our own day w\ld possess1 ev5 7 x     

execut$ at mu* less co/ & ) less        
difficulty4 ,yet x mu/ h excit$ no small
 admiration among ! m5 ( ! "t1 :o _h    
only be5 accu/om$ to see ! rude/        
productions4 ,x 0 f9i%$ 9 ! ye> #acbj1 z
 appe>s 9 c]ta9 l9es :i* run r\nd !     
pulpit & read ?us3        ,laudo ,deum  
v]um1 p] quem sunt optima r]um          
,qui d$it has puras hom9i =mate figuras2
        ,hoc opus1 8 annis ,dom9i       
sculps]e ,johannis        ,arte manus   
sole qu&am1 natique ,nicole4            
,cursis und5is t]c5tum milleque pl5is4  
,!re are ?irte5 o!r l9es1 :i* ,i d n    
write "h1 because ,i d n wi% to we>y !  
read]1 & because ^! are suffici5t to %[ 
n only t ! pulpit is by ! h& (          
,giovanni1 b t ! m5 ( t "t 7 alike 9 _! 
%ortcom+s4 ,a ,madonna betwe5 ,/ ,john !
 ,bapti/ & ano!r sa9t may be se5 ov] !  
pr9cipal ( ! door ( ! ,duomo2 x is 9    
m>ble1 & by ! h& ( ,giovanni1 & ! figure
 kneel+ at h] feet is said to be ,pi]o  
,gambacorti1 ! w>d54 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 
! foll[+ words are cut 9 ! p$e/al1 on   

:i* ! image ( ,our ,lady /&s3           
,sub ,petri cura haec pia fuit scutpta  
figura        ,nicoli nato sculptore    
,johanne vocato4  ,moreov] !re is ano!r 
m>ble ,madonna1 by ,giovanni1 ov] ! side
 door1 :i* is opposite ! campanile1 :ile
 on "o side ( h] kneel a lady & two     
*ildr51 repres5t+ ,pisa1 & on ! o!r side
 ! ,emp]or ,h5ry4 ,on ! base are ^!     
words3         ,ave gratia pl5a1 ,dom9us
 teum1  & !n--         ,nobilis arte    
manus sculpsit ,johannes ,pisanus       
,sculpsit sub ,burgundio ,tadi b5igno4  
,& ab\t ! base ( ,pisa3         ,virg9is
 ancilla sum ,pisa quieta sub illa1  &  
ab\t ! base ( ,h5ry3         ,imp]at    
,h5ricus qui ,cliri/o f]tur amicus4  ,9 
! old ,pieve at ,prato1 b5ea? ! alt> ( !
 pr9cipal *apel1 0 pres]v$ = _m ye>s !  
girdle ( ,our ,lady1 :i* ,mi*ele da     
,prato _h br\ght back ) him f ! ,holy   
,l&1 & _h deposit$ x ) ,ub]to1 provo/ ( 
! *ur*1 :o laid x 9 ! said place1 :]e x 
0 always held 9 great v5]ation4 ,9 ! ye>
 #acab an attempt to /eal x 0 made by a 

native ( ,prato1 a man ( a mo/ evil     
life1 ano!r ,s] ,ciappelletto1 b he 0   
discov]$ & put to dea? = sacrilege4     
,mov$ by ?is de$1 ! p ( ,prato propos$  
to make a /rong & suitable receptacle 9 
:i* ! girdle %\ld be kept ) great]      
security1 & s5t = ,giovanni1 :o 0 n[ an 
old man4 ,act+ ^u 8 advice1 !y con/ruct$
 ! *apel 9 ! pr9cipal *ur*1 :]e ,our    
,lady's girdle n[ reposes4 ,!y !n       
greatly increas$ _! *ur* also f 8 plans1
 & incru/$ bo? ! *ur* & ! campanile )   
:ite & black m>ble on ! outside1 z may  
be se54 ,at l5g? ,giovanni di$ at a ripe
 old age 9 ! ye> #acbj1 aft] hav+       
complet$ _m works 9 sculpture &         
ar*itecture besides ^? :i* are m5tion$  
"h4 ,& 9 tru? a great debt is due to him
 & to ,niccola 8 fa!r1 s9ce 9 an age :i*
 lack$ e elem5t ( good design1 9 ! mid/ 
( all ! d>kness !y ?rew s mu* light on  
^? arts 9 :i* !y 7 really excell5t4     
,giovanni 0 hon\rably buri$ 9 ! ,campo  
,santo1 9 ! same tomb 9 :i* 8 fa!r      
,niccola 0 laid4 ,_m disciples ( 8      

fl\ri%$ aft] him1 b especially ,l9o1    
sculptor & ar*itect ( ,si5a1 :o made !  
*apel :i* conta9s ! body ( ,/ ,rani]i 9 
! ,duomo ( ,pisa1 ri*ly decorat$ )      
m>ble2 & also ! baptismal font ( t      
ca!dral :i* be>s 8 "n4 ,let no "o m>vel 
t ,niccola & ,giovanni execut$ s _m     
works1 = besides ! fact t !y liv$ to a  
good age1 !y 7 ! =emo/ ma/]s 9 ,europe (
 _! "t1 s t no?+ ( importance 0 und]tak5
 )\t _! tak+ "p 9 x1 z may be se5 9 _m  
inscriptions besides ^? :i* h be5 quot$4
 ,:il/ speak+ ( ^! two sculptors &      
ar*itects1 ,i h (t5 ref]r$ to ,pisa1 s t
 ,i d n hesitate at ?is /age to quote "s
 words writt5 on ! p$e/al ( a vase m\nt$
 on a column ( porphyry & support$ by a 
lion1 :i* is situat$ on ! /eps ( ! new  
hospital !re4 ,!y are z foll[s3  ,?is is
 ! tal5t :i* ! ,emp]or ,ces> gave to    
,pisa1 to ! int5t t ! tribute :i* !y    
r5d]$ to him %\ld be regulat$ !reby4 ,! 
tal5t 0 set ^u ?is column & lion 9 ! "t 
( ,giovanni ,rosso1 ma/] ( ! "w ( ,s4   
,m>ia ,maggiore1 ,pisa1 ,a4,d4          

,,mcccxiii41 ! second ,indiction1 9     
,m>*4     ,&rea ,tafi1 ,flor5t9e ,pa9t]4
   ,j z ! works ( ,cimabue excit$ no    
small am\nt ( wond] 9 ! m5 ( t "t1 s9ce 
he introduc$ a bett] design & =m into ! 
art ( pa9t+1 :]eas !y _h only be5       
accu/om$ to  see ?+s execut$ on !       
,byzant9e /yle1 s ! mosaics ( ,&rea     
,tafi1 :o 0 a contempor>y1 7 mu* admir$ 
& ev5 consid]$ div9e1 = ! p ( t day1 :o 
_h n be5 us$ to see any?+ diff]5t did n 
?9k t x 0 possible to produce bett]     
works 9 t art4 ,b 9 tru?1 z he 0 n ! mo/
 capable man 9 ! _w1 & hav+ reflect$ t  
work+ 9 mosaic 0 m valu$ on acc\nt ( its
 great] durability1 be left ,flor5ce =  
,v5ice1 :]e "s ,greek pa9t]s 7 work+ 9  
mosaic at ,s4 ,m>co4 ,!re he =m$ a close
 intimacy ) !m1 & by d9t ( p]suasion1   
money1 & promises he at l5g? contriv$ to
 br+ to ,flor5ce ,ma/] ,apollonio1 a    
,greek pa9t]1 :o taught him h[ to bake !
 glass ( ! mosaic1 & h[ to make ! cem5t 
9 :i* to fix x4 ,) him ,&rea work$ at ! 
tribune ( ,s4 ,giovanni1 do+ ! upp] "p  

:i* conta9s ! ,dom9ions1 ,pr9cipalities1
 & ,p[]s4 ,aft]w>ds :5 he _h ga9$ m     
exp]i5ce1 he did ! ,*ri/ :i* is 9 ! same
 *ur* above ! pr9cipal *apel z w be     
relat$ bel[4 ,b z ,i h m5tion$ ,s4      
,giovanni1 ,i w take ?is opportunity (  
say+ t t anci5t sanctu>y is incru/$ bo? 
)9 & )\t ) m>bles ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]1 & 
n only is x p]fectly proportion$ & f9i%$
 9 all its p>ts1 b mo/ beautifully      
adorn$ ) doors & w9d[s4 ,ea* face is    
suppli$ ) two columns ( granite1 #aa    
braccia high1 =m+ ?ree comp>tm5ts1 above
 :i* are ! ar*itraves1 :i* re/ on !     
columns1 to c>ry ! :ole weight ( ! d\ble
 ro(1 :i* is prais$ by mod]n ar*itects z
 a rem>kable ?+1 & ju/ly1 because ?is   
*ur* help$ to demon/rate to ,filippo di 
,s] ,brunellesco1 ,donatello1 & !  o!r  
ma/]s ( _! "t :at possibilities !re 7 9 
t art4 ,!y all /udi$ ar*itecture f ?is  
build+ &  f ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,apo/olo at    
,flor5ce1 a "w ( su* a good /yle t x    
approa*es ! true antique1 s9ce1 z ,i h  
said be=e1 all ! columns are measur$ &  

arrang$ ) su* c>e t mu* may be le>n$ f a
 c>eful exam9ation ( ! entire /ructure4 
,b ,i w refra9 f say+ m ab\t ! good     
ar*itecture ( ?is *ur*1 ?\gh mu* might  
be add$ to :at prec$es1 &  ,i w cont5t  
myself by say+ t ^? :o rebuilt ! m>ble  
faade ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m9iato del ,monte1
 deviat$ widely f ?is model & f ?is     
excell5t /yle4 ,?is "w 0 c>ri$ out 9    
hon\r ( ! conv]sion ( ! bless$ ,giovanni
 ,gualb]to1 citiz5 ( ,flor5ce & f\nd] ( 
! congregation ( ! monks ( ,vallombrosa1
 because ^! & _m o!r works erect$       
aft]w>ds are n to be comp>$ = excell5ce 
to ^? two build+s4 ,! art ( sculpture   
exp]i5c$ a simil> fate because all !    
ma/]s ( ! "t :o 7 !n work+ 9 ,italy1 z  
has be5 said 9 ! preface to ! lives1 7 v
 rude4 ,?is may be se5 9 _m places1 b   
especially 9 ,s4 ,b>tolommeo ( ! regul> 
canons at ,pi/oia :]e !re is a pulpit v 
rudely execut$ by ,guido da ,como1      
conta9+ ! beg9n+ ( ! life ( ,jesus      
,*ri/1 ) ^! words inscrib$ !re by !     
arti/ himself 9 ! ye> #aaii3            

,sculptor laudatur1 quod doctus 9 arte  
probatur1        ,guido da ,como me     
cunctis c>m9e promo4  ,b to return to   
,s4 ,giovanni1 ,i pass by ! hi/ory ( its
 f\ndation because t has be5 writt5 by  
,giovanni ,villani & o!r au?ors1 &1 z ,i
 h already rem>k$ t ! good ar*itecture 9
 use to-day is d]iv$ f t build+1 ,i w n[
 add t1 to judge by appe>ances1 !       
tribune is ( a lat] date4 ,at ! "t :5   
,alesso ,baldov9etti1 succe$+ !         
,flor5t9e pa9t] ,lippo1 repair$ !       
mosaics x appe>$ z if x _h anci5tly be5 
pa9t$ 9 r$1 ! designs be+ execut$ on !  
/ucco4 ,n[ ,&rea ,tafi & ,apollonius !  
,greek1 9 _! s*eme = ! decoration ( !   
tribune1 divid$ x into comp>tm5ts4 ,/>t+
 f ! top ( ! vault next to ! lant]n ^!  
became gradually l>g] until !y rea*$ !  
cornice bel[4 ,! upp] "p is divid$ into 
r+s repres5t+ v>i\s subjects4 ,! fir/   
conta9s all ! m9i/]s & p]=m]s ( ! ,div9e
 w1 su* z ! ,angels1 ,ar*angels1        
,*]ubim1 ,s]aphim1 ,dom9ions1           
,pr9cipalities1 ,p[]s4 ,! second1 9 :i* 

! mosaics are execut$ 9 ! ,byzant9e     
/yle1 are ! pr9cipal acts ( ,god f !    
creation ( light to ! flood4 ,! circle  
und]nea? ?is :i* desc5ds ) increas$     
space to ! eight faces ( ! tribune      
conta9s ! hi/ory ( ,joseph & 8 twelve   
bre?r54 ,^! are foll[$ by o!r spaces ( !
 same size & a l situation conta9+ !    
life ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 mosaic f !        
,conception ( ,m>y to ! ,asc5sion4      
,next1 foll[+ ! same ord]1 "u ! ?ree    
friezes1 is ! life ( ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/1
 beg9n+ ) ! app>ition ( ! angel to      
,za*>ias ! prie/ & cont9u+ to ,john's   
behead+ & ! burial ( 8 body by !        
disciples4 ,all ^! ?+s are rude1 )\t    
design & )\t art1 & !y are no advance ^u
 ! ,byzant9e /yle ( ! "t s t ,i _c      
praise !m absolutely1 ?\gh !y m]it "s   
comm5dation1 :5 "o consid]s ! me?ods 9  
use at ! "t & ! imp]fect /ate 9 :i*     
pictorial art !n 04 ,besides1 ! "w is   
s\nd & ! pieces ( mosaic are v well set4
 ,9 %ort1 ! latt] "p ( ! "w is mu* bett]
 or r less bad ?an is ! beg9n+1 al?\gh !

 :ole1 :5 comp>$ ) ! works ( to-day r   
excites laught] ?an pleasure or         
admiration4 ,ultimately ,&rea made !    
,*ri/1 #g braccia high1 = ! tribune on !
 wall ( ! pr9cipal *apel1 :i* may be se5
 !re to-day1 & ?is he did by himself )\t
 ! aid ( ,apollonio1 to 8 great glory4  
,hav+ become fam\s ?r\gh\t ,italy by ^! 
works & be+ reput$ excell5t 9 8 own l&1 
he receiv$ ! ri*e/ hon\rs & rew>ds4 ,x 0
 c]ta9ly a great good =tune = ,&rea to  
be born at a "t :5 only rude works 7    
produc$1 s t ?+s :i* %\ld h be5 consid]$
 ( v slight acc\nt or ev5 wor?less1 7   
held 9 reasonable repute4 ,! same ?+    
happ5$ to fra ,jacopo da ,turrita1 ( !  
ord] ( ,/ ,francis1 :o receiv$          
extraord9>y rew>ds = ! mosaics :i* he   
execut$ = ! small *oir beh9d ! alt> (   
,s4 ,giovanni1 al?\gh !y des]v$ little  
praise1 & he 0 aft]w>ds invit$ to ,rome 
z a great ma/]1 :]e he 0 employ$ on "s  
works 9 ! *apel ( ! high alt> ( ,s4     
,giovanni ,lat]am & 9 t ( ,s4 ,m>ia     
,maggiore4 ,he 0 next invit$ to ,pisa1  

:]e he did ! ,evangeli/s & o!r ?+s :i*  
are 9 ! pr9cipal tribune ( ! ,duomo1 9 !
 same /yle z ! o!r ?+s :i* he execut$1  
al?\gh he 0 assi/$ by ,&rea ,tafi &     
,gaddo ,gaddi4 ,^! 7 f9i%$ by ,vic9o1 = 
,jacopo left !m 9 a v imp]fect /ate4 ,! 
works ( ^! ma/]s obta9$ cr$it = "s "t1 b
 :5 ! productions ( ,&rea1 ,cimabue1 & !
 re/ _h to be> comp>ison ) ^? ( ,giotto1
 z w be said :5 ! "t comes1 p came to   
recognise 9 :i* direction p]fection 9   
art lay1 = !y saw h[ great a diff]5ce   
!re 0 betwe5 ! fir/ mann] ( ,cimabue & t
 ( ,giotto 9 ! del9eation ( figures1 a  
diff]5ce equally /rongly m>k$ 9 ! case (
 _! pupils & imitators4 ,f ?is "t o!rs  
gradually s\ght to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( 
! bett] ma/]s1 surpass+ ea* o!r m & m e 
day1 s t art rose f ^! humble beg9n+s to
 t summit ( p]fection to :i* x has      
atta9$ to-day4 ,&rea liv$ eighty-"o ye>s
 & di$ be=e ,cimabue 9 #abid4 ,!        
reputation & hon\r :i* he won by 8      
mosaics1 because x 0 he :o _h fir/      
br\ght to ,tuscany ! bett] mann] (      

execut+ & :o _h taught x to ! m5 ( t    
prov9ce1 l$ to ! execution ( ! excell5t 
works 9 t art by ,gaddo ,gaddi1 ,giotto1
 & ! re/1 :i* h br\ght !m fame &        
immortality4 ,aft] ,&rea's dea? 8 m]its 
7 magnifi$ 9 ! foll[+ inscription3      
,"h lies ,&rea1 :o produc$ graceful &   
beautiful works     ,9 all ,tuscany4 ,n[
 he has gone4     ,to adorn ! realm ( ! 
/>s4  ,buonamico ,buffalmacco 0 a pupil 
( ,&rea1 & play$ _m pranks on him :5 a  
y\?4 ,f 8 ma/] ,buonamico _h ! portraits
 ( ,pope ,cele/9e ,,iv4 & ,innoc5t      
,,iv41 bo? ( :i* he aft]w>ds introduc$ 9
 ! pa9t+s :i* he made 9 ,s4 ,paolo a    
,ripa d',arno at ,pisa4 ,ano!r pupil 0  
,antonio di ,&rea ,tafi1 :o may possibly
 h be5 8 son4 ,he 0 a fair pa9t]1 b ,i h
 n be5 able to f9d any works by 8 h&1 & 
!re is no?+ beyond a b>e m5tion ( him 9 
! old book ( ! company ( arti/s 9       
design4  ,b ,&rea ,tafi des]ves a high  
place among ! old ma/]s1 because1 al?\gh
 he le>n$ ! pr9ciples ( mosaic f !      
craftsman :om he br\ght f ,v5ice to     

,flor5ce1 yet he introduc$ su*          
improvem5ts into ! art1 unit+ ! pieces )
 great c>e1 & mak+ 8 surfaces z smoo? z 
a table 7a v important ?+ 9 mosaics71 t 
he prep>$ ! way = ,giotto among o!rs1 z 
w be said 9 t arti/'s life2 & n =       
,giotto alone1 b = all ^? :o h s9ce     
practis$ ?is bran* ( pictorial art to   
our own day4 ,?us x may be ass]t$ )     
p]fect tru? t ! m>vell\s works 9 mosaic1
 :i* are n[ be+ c>ri$ out 9 ,s4 ,m>co1  
at ,v5ice1 owe _! orig9 to ,&rea ,tafi4 
,gaddo ,gaddi1 ,flor5t9e ,pa9t]4        
,gaddo1 pa9t] ( ,flor5ce1 :o fl\ri%$ at 
?is same "t1 %[$ m design 9 ! works :i* 
he produc$ 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1 & :i* he 
execut$ ) great c>e1 ?an did ,&rea ,tafi
 & ! o!r pa9t]s :o prec$$ him4 ,?is 0   
possibly due to 8 close fri5d%ip &      
int]c\rse ) ,cimabue1 =1 :e!r x 0 ?r\gh 
cong5iality ( disposition or ?r\gh !    
goodness ( _! he>ts1 !y became v mu*    
atta*$ to ea* o!r1 & _! frequ5t         
conv]sations toge!r1 & _! fri5dly       
discussions ^u ! difficulties ( ! arts1 

gave rise to _m great & beautiful ideas 
9 _! m9ds4 ,?is came to pass ! m        
readily1 because !y 7 aid$ by ! quality 
( ! air ( ,flor5ce1 :i* usually produces
 +5i\s & subtle spirits1 & :i* made !m  
/rang]s to t rugg$ness & co>s5ess f :i* 
,nature _c entirely free h]self ev5 :5  
assi/$ by ! rivalry ( ! good craftsm5 & 
! precepts laid d[n by !m 9 e age4 ,x   
is1 inde$1 abundantly cle> t1 :5 ?+s h  
be5 talk$ ov] 9 a fri5dly way1 )\t any  
res]ve ( conv5tion1 al?\gh ?is r>ely    
happ5s1 !y may be br\ght to a great /ate
 ( p]fection4 ,! same rem>k applies to  
^? :o /udy ! sci5ces2 =1 by discuss+    
difficulties among !mselves :5 !y arise1
 !y remove !m1 r5d]+ ! pa? s cle> &     
easy1 t ! greate/ glory may be won      
!reby4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are "s :o1 )
 devili% arts1 & l$ by envy & malice1   
make pr(ession ( fri5d%ip "u ! guise (  
tru? & affection1 give ! mo/ p]nici\s   
advice1 s t ! arts d n atta9 to         
excell5ce s soon z !y d :]e ! m9ds (    
noble spirits are unit$ by su* a bond ( 

love z t :i* drew toge!r ,gaddo &       
,cimabue1 &1 9 l mann]1 ,&rea ,tafi &   
,gaddo4 ,x 0 ,&rea :o took ,gaddo into 8
 companion%ip to f9i% ! mosaics ( ,s4   
,giovanni4 ,"h ,gaddo le>n$ s mu*1 t he 
0 able1 )\t assi/ance1 to make !        
prophets1 :i* may be se5 r\nd ! walls ( 
t sanctu>y1 9 ! squ>es "u ! w9d[s2 &1 z 
he execut$ ^! unaid$ & 9 a mu* improv$  
/yle1 !y br\ght him great r5[n4         
,enc\rag$ by ?is1 he prep>$ himself to  
"w alone1 & devot$ himself con/antly to 
! /udy ( ! ,byzant9e /yle1 comb9$ ) t ( 
,cimabue4 ,by su* means1 x 0 n long be=e
 he became an excell5t arti/2 s t !     
w>d5s ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore entru/$ to 
him ! semi-circul> space )9 ! build+    
above ! pr9cipal entrance1 :]e he       
introduc$ a ,coronation ( ! ,virg91 9   
mosaic4 ,^u its completion1 x 0 pron\nc$
 by all ! =eign & native ma/]s to be !  
f9e/ "w ( its k9d t _h yet be5 se5 9    
,italy1 = !y recognis$ t x possess$ m   
design & m judgm5t1 & display$ ! results
 ( m /udy1 ?an 7 to be f\nd 9 all !     

rema9+ works 9 mosaic !n 9 exi/5ce 9 !  
p59sula4 ,?us1 8 fame be+ spread abroad 
by ?is "w1 he 0 summon$ to ,rome  by    
,clem5t ,v4 9 ! ye> #acjh1--t is to say1
 9 ! ye> foll[+ ! great fire1 9 :i* !   
*ur* & palaces ( ! ,lat]an 7 de/roy$4   
,!re he complet$ = ! ,pope "s works 9   
mosaic1 :i* _h be5 left unf9i%$ by      
,jacopo da ,turrita4  ,8 next "w1 also 9
 mosaic1 0 9 ! *ur* ( ,/ ,pet]'s1 :]e he
 execut$ "s ?+s 9 ! pr9cipal *apel & =  
o!r p>ts ( ! *ur*2 b especially a ,god !
 ,fa!r1 ( l>ge size ) _m figures1 :i* he
 did = ! faade4 ,he also assi/$ 9 !     
completion ( "s mosaics on ! faade ( ,s4
 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 some:at improv+ !     
/yle1 & dep>t+ slightly f ! ,byzant9e   
mann]1 :i* 0 entirely devoid ( m]it4 ,on
 8 return to ,tuscany1 he did "s "w 9   
mosaic = ! ,t>lati1 lords ( ,pietramala1
 9 ! old ,duomo1 outside ,arezzo1 9 a   
vault entirely con/ruct$ ( spungite4 ,he
 cov]$ !  middle  "p  ( ?is build+ )    
mosaics2 b ! *ur* fell d[n 9 ! "t (     
,bi%op ,g5tile  ,urb9ate1 because ! old 

/one vault+ 0 too heavy = x1 & x 0      
aft]w>ds  rebuilt 9  brick by t bi%op4  
,on 8 dep>ture f ,arezzo1 ,gaddo w5t to 
,pisa1 :]e he made1 = a ni*e 9 ! *apel (
 ! ,incoronata 9 ! ,duomo1 ! ,asc5sion (
 ,our ,lady into ,heav51 :]e ,jesus     
,*ri/ is await+ h]1 ) a ri*ly app>el$   
?rone = h] seat4 ,?is "w 0 execut$ s    
well & s c>efully = ! "t1 t x is 9 an   
excell5t /ate ( pres]vation to-day4     
,aft] ?is1 ,gaddo return$ to ,flor5ce1  
int5d+ to re/4 ,accord+ly he amus$      
himself 9 mak+ "s small mosaics1 "s (   
:i* are compos$ ( egg-%ells1 ) incr$ible
 dilig5ce & pati5ce1 & a few ( !m1 :i*  
are 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni at         
,flor5ce1 may /ill be se54 ,x is relat$ 
t he made two ( ^! = ,k+ ,rob]t1 b no?+ 
m is kn[n ( ! matt]4 ,?is mu* mu/       
suffice = ! mosaics ( ,gaddo ,gaddi4 ,( 
pictures he pa9t$ a great numb]1 among  
!m t :i* is on ! scre5 ( ! *apel ( !    
,m9]betti 9 ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 & _m    
o!rs s5t to diff]5t places 9 ,tuscany4  
,?us1 by produc+ n[ mosaics & n[ pa9t+s1

 he execut$ _m v tol]able works 9 bo?   
m$iums1 :i* w always assure him good    
cr$it & reputation4 ,!re is a great deal
 m :i* ,i might say ab\t ,gaddo1 b ,i w 
pass x ov] 9 sil5ce1 because ! mann] ( !
 pa9t]s ( ^? days _c be ( great         
assi/ance to arti/s2 & ,i %all dwell at 
great] l5g? ^u ! lives ( ^? :o may be ( 
"s help1 because !y introduc$           
improvem5ts into ! art4  ,gaddo liv$    
sev5ty-?ree ye>s1 & di$ 9 #acab4 ,he 0  
hon\rably buri$ 9 ,s4 ,croce by 8 son   
,taddeo4 ,?is ,taddeo1 :o _h ,giotto = 8
 godfa!r1 0 ! only "o ( all ,gaddo's    
*ildr5 :o became a pa9t]1 le>n+ !       
rudim5ts ( ! art f 8 fa!r & ! re/ f     
,giotto4 ,besides ,taddeo1 a ,pisan     
pa9t] nam$ ,vic9o 0 also a pupil (      
,gaddo4 ,he did "s excell5t "w 9 mosaic 
= ! great tribune ( ! ,duomo ( ,pisa1   
:]e ! foll[+ words /ill te/ify to 8     
au?or%ip3    ,tempore ,dom9i ,johannis  
,rossi op]>ii i/ius ecclesi1 ,vic9us    
pictor incepit et p]fecit hanc imag9em  
,b4 ,m>i1 s$ ,maje/atis1    et          

,evangeli/ae p] alios incept1 ipse      
complevit et p]fecit4    ,anno ,dom9i   
#acba4 ,de m5se ,septembris4 ,b5$ictum  
sit nom5 ,dom9i    ,dei no/ri ,jesu     
,*ri/i4 ,am54  ,! portrait ( ,gaddo1 by 
! h& ( ,taddeo 8 son1 may be se5 9 !    
,b>oncelli *apel 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,croce1 
:]e he /&s by ! side ( ,&rea ,tafi1 9 ! 
m>riage ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ! book1 :i* ,i h 
m5tion$ above1 !re is a m9iature by     
,gaddo1 l ^? ( ,cimabue1 & :i* s]ves to 
%[ 8 ability z a draughtsman4  ,n[1     
because an old book f :i* ,i h extract$ 
^! few notices ab\t ,gaddo ,gaddi1      
speaks ( ! build+ ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia  
,novella 9 ,flor5ce = ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s1
 a truly magnific5t & impos+ /ructure1  
,i w take ?is opportunity ( relat+ !    
circum/ances ( its erection4 ,:ile ,/   
,dom9ic 0 at ,bologna1 ! place ( ,ripoli
 outside ,flor5ce 0 grant$ to him4      
,accord+ly he s5t twelve fri>s ?i!r "u !
 c>e ( ! bless$ ,giovanni da ,sal]no4 ,n
 _m ye>s aft] !y came to ,flor5ce1 to ! 
*ur* & place ( ,s4 ,pancrazio1 &        

e/abli%$ !mselves !re4 ,:5 ,dom9ic      
himself came to ,flor5ce !y left x1 &   
w5t to /ay 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,paolo1 z he  
wi%$ !m to d4 ,subsequ5tly :5 ! place ( 
,s4 ,m>ia ,novella & all its possessions
 7 grant$ to ,bless$ ,giovanni by !     
papal legate & by ! bi%op ( ! city1 !y  
ent]$ into possession & began to live 9 
t place on ! la/ day ( ,octob] #abba4 ,b
 z ?is *ur* 0 r small1 ) a we/]n aspect 
& ! entrance on ! old piazza1 ! fri>s1  
:o _h increas$ 9 numb]s & :o 7 9 great  
cr$it 9 ! city1 began to ?9k ( enl>g+ _!
 *ur* & conv5t4 ,s1 hav+ collect$ a     
great sum ( money1 & _m p ( ! city hav+ 
promis$ e assi/ance1 !y began !         
con/ruction ( a new *ur* on ,/ ,luke's  
day1 #abgh1 :5 ! fir/ /one 0 laid )     
great c]emony by ! ,c>d9al ,lat9o degli 
,ors9i1 legate ( ,pope ,ni*olas ,,iii4  
to ! ,flor5t9es4 ,! ar*itects ( ! *ur* 7
 fra ,giovanni ( ,flor5ce1 & fra ,ri/oro
 ( ,campi1 lay bre?r5 ( ! ord]1 :o _h   
re/or$ ! ponte alia ,c>raia1 & t ( ,s4  
,tr9ita1 aft] _! de/ruction by ! flood (

 ,octob] #abfd4 ,! great] "p ( ! l&     
cov]$ by ! *ur* & conv5t 0 giv5 to !    
fri>s by ! heirs ( ,m4 ,jacopo1 de'     
,tornaqu9ci knight4 ,! co/1 z has be5   
said1 0 defray$ p>tly by alms1 p>tly by 
! money ( v>i\s p]sons :o gave assi/ance
 readily1 b especially by ! good (fices 
( fri> ,aldobr&9o ,cavalcanti1 :o 01    
aft]w>ds bi%op ( ,arezzo1 & :o is buri$ 
ov] ! gate ( ! ,virg94 ,besides o!r ?+s 
?is fri> is said to h collect$ by 8     
indu/ry all ! lab\r & mat]ials requir$ =
 ! *ur*4 ,x 0 complet$ :5 fra ,jacopo   
,passavanti 0 prior ( ! conv5t1 :o ?us  
des]v$ 8 m>ble tomb :i* is on ! left h& 
side 9 front ( ! pr9cipal *apel4 ,! *ur*
 0 consecrat$ by ,pope ,m>t9 ,v4 9 ! ye>
 #adgj1 z appe>s by an inscription on   
m>ble on a pill> on ! "r ( ! pr9cipal   
*apel1 :i* runs3     ,anno ,dom9i #adbj 
die ,septembris1 ,dom9us ,m>t9us div9a  
provid5tia ,papa ,v p]sonalit] hanc     
ecclesiam consecravit1 et    magnas     
indulg5tias contulit visitantibus       
eamdem4  ,all ^! ?+s & _m m are relat$ 9

 a *ronicle ( ! build+ ( ?is *ur*1 :i*  
is 9 ! possession ( ! fa!rs ( ,s4 ,m>ia 
,novella1 z well z 9 ! hi/ory (         
,giovanni ,villani4 ,i did n wi% to omit
 ^! few p>ticul>s1 because ! *ur* is "o 
( ! f9e/ & mo/ important 9 ,flor5ce1 &  
also because x conta9s _m excell5t works
 ( ! mo/ fam\s arti/s ( a lat] "t1 z w  
be relat$ h]eaft]4     ,m>g>itone1      
,pa9t]1 ,sculptor & ,ar*itect ( ,arezzo4
   ,among ! o!r pa9t]s ( old "t1 9 :om !
 well-des]v$ praise accord$ to ,cimabue 
& 8 pupil ,giotto ar\s$ a great deal (  
fe>1 = _! good workman%ip 9 pa9t+ 0     
hail$ ?r\gh\t ,italy1 0 "o ,m>g>itone1  
pa9t] ( ,arezzo1 :o recognis$ equally   
well ) ! o!rs :o previ\sly occupi$ !    
=emo/ positions 9 pa9t+ 9 t unhappy age1
 t ! "w ( ^! two m5 w\ld probably all b 
oblit]ate 8 own reputation4 ,m>g>itone 0
 consid]$ excell5t among ! pa9t]s ( !   
age :o work$ 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1 & he   
did a numb] ( pictures 9 temp]a at      
,arezzo4 ,he work$ 9 fresco also1 pa9t+ 
almo/ ! :ole ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,clem5te1 an

 abbey ( ! ord] ( ! ,camaldolites1 b ^! 
occupi$ him a long "t & co/ him mu*     
tr\ble4 ,! *ur* is entirely de/roy$     
to-day1 toge!r ) _m o!r build+s1 includ+
 a /rong =tress call$ ,s4 dem5ti1       
because ! ,duke ,cosimo de' ,m$ici n    
only "h1 b r\nd ! :ole circuit ( ! city1
 pull$ d[n _m build+s & ! old walls :i* 
_h be5 re/or$ by ,guido ,petramalesco1 a
 =m] bi%op & "l ( ! city1 9 ord] to     
recon/ruct !m ) curta9s & ba/ions mu*   
/rong] & ( less circuit ?an ! =m] ones  
_h be51 & consequ5tly m easy to def5d ) 
a small] numb] ( m54 ,m>g>itone's       
pictures 9 ?is *ur* conta9$ _m figures  
bo? small & great1 & al?\gh !y 7 execut$
 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1 yet !y 7 admitt$ to
 %[ evid5ce ( hav+ be5 execut$ ) good   
judgm5t & ) love ( art1 z may be inf]r$ 
f ! works ( ?is pa9t] :i* are /ill      
extant 9 t city4 ,( ^! ! pr9cipal is a  
picture1 n[ 9 ! *apel ( ! ,conception 9 
,s4 ,francesco1 repres5t+ a ,madonna )  
mod]n ornam5tation1 :i* is held 9 great 
v5]ation by ! fri>s !re4 ,9 ! same *ur* 

he did a l>ge crucifix1 also 9 !        
,byzant9e /yle1 :i* is n[ plac$ 9 !     
*apel :]e ! qu>t]s ( ! sup]9t5d5t are   
situat$4 ,! ,savi\r is del9eat$ ^u !    
axes ( ! cross1 & ,m>g>itone made _m su*
 crucifixes 9 t city4 ,= ! nuns ( ,s4   
,m>gh]ita he pa9t$ a "w :i* is n[ plac$ 
9 ! transept ( _! *ur*4 ,?is is canvas  
/ret*$ on a panel1 conta9+ subjects f ! 
life ( ,our ,lady & ( ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/
 9 small figures1 execut$ 9 a mu* bett] 
/yle1 & ) m dilig5ce & grace ?an ! l>ge 
ones4 ,?is "w is notewor?y1 n only      
because ! little figures 9 x are s      
c>efully f9i%$ t !y resemble ! "w ( an  
illum9ator1 b because x is a wond]ful ?+
 t a picture on canvas %\ld h la/$ ?ree 
hundr$ ye>s4 ,he did an extraord9>y     
numb] ( pictures = all ! city1 & a ,/   
,francis drawn f life at ,s>giano1 a    
conv5t ( ! b>e-foot$ fri>s4 ,to ?is he  
plac$ 8 "n1 because he consid]$ t x 0 m 
?an usually well done4 ,he aft]w>ds made
 a l>ge crucifix 9 wood1 pa9t$ 9 !      
,byzant9e mann]1 & s5t x to ,flor5ce to 

,m4 ,f>9ata degli ,ub]ti1 a mo/ fam\s   
citiz5 :o1 9 addition to _m o!r notable 
exploits1 _h sav$ 8 native city f imm95t
 dang] & ru94 ,?is crucifix is n[ 9 ,s4 
,croce1 betwe5 ! *apel ( ! ,p]uzzi & t (
 ! ,giugni4 ,9 ,s4 ,dom5ico1 at ,arezzo1
 a *ur* & conv5t built by ! lords (     
,pietramela 9 ! ye> #abge1 z _! coat (  
arms proves1 he did _m ?+s be=e return+ 
to ,rome1 :]e he _h already giv5 great  
satisfaction to ,pope ,urban ,,iv4 by   
do+ "s ?+s 9 fresco = him 9 ! portico ( 
,/ ,pet]'s2 = al?\gh 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle 
( ! "t1 !y 7 n )\t m]it4 ,aft] he _h    
f9i%$ a ,/ ,francis at ,gangh]eto1 a    
place above ,t]ranuova 9 ! ,vald>no1 he 
devot$ himself to sculpture1 z he 0 ( an
 ambiti\s _s1 & he /udi$ ) su* dilig5ce 
t he succe$$ mu* bett] ?an he _h done 9 
pa9t+2 = al?\gh 8 fir/ sculptures 7 9 ! 
,byzant9e /yle1 z may be se5 9 f\r      
figures 9 wood ( a ,deposition f !      
,cross 9 ! ,pieve1 & "s o!r figures 9   
relief :i* are 9 ! *apel ( ,/ ,francis  
above ! baptismal font1 yet he adopt$ a 

mu* bett] mann] aft] he _h visit$       
,flor5ce & _h se5 ! works ( ,arnolfo1 & 
( ! o!r m celebrat$ sculptors ( ! "t4 ,9
 ! ye> #abge he return$ to ,arezzo 9 !  
suite ( ,pope ,gregory1 :o pass$ ?r\gh  
,flor5ce on 8 j\rney f ,avignon to      
,rome4 ,"h an opportunity pres5t$ itself
 to make himself bett] kn[n1 = ! ,pope  
di$ at ,arezzo aft] hav+ giv5 #cj1jjj   
scudi to ! ,commune :]e) to f9i% !      
build+ ( ! ,vescovado :i* _h be5 begun  
by ,ma/] ,lapo1 & _h made b little      
progress4 ,! ,aret9es !re=e orda9$ t !  
*apel ( ,/ ,gregory %\ld be made 9      
memory ( ! ,pope 9 ! ,vescovado1 9 :i*  
,m>g>itone aft]w>ds plac$ a picture1 & 9
 addition t ,m>g>itone %\ld make a m>ble
 tomb = ! ,pope 9 ! ,vescovado4 ,he set 
to "w ^u ! task & br\ght x to su* a     
successful completion1 introduc+ !      
,pope's portrait f life bo? 9 m>ble & 9 
pa9t+1 t x 0 consid]$ to be ! be/ "w :i*
 he _h ev] produc$4  ,m>g>itone !n set  
to "w to complete ! ,vescovado1 foll[+ !
 design ( ,lapo1 & he display$ great    

activity2 b he did n complete x1 = a few
 ye>s lat]1 9 #abhi1 w> broke out aga9  
betwe5 ! ,flor5t9es & ,aret9es1 ?r\gh ! 
fault ( ,guglielmo ,ub]t9i1 bi%op & "l (
 ,arezzo1 aid$ by ! ,t>lati (           
,pietramela & by ! ,pazzi ( ,val        
d',arno1 :5 all ! money left by ! ,pope 
= ! build+ ( ! ,vescovado 0 exp5d$ ^u ! 
w>1 :ile evil befell ! lead]s1 :o 7 r\t$
 & sla9 at ,campald9o4 ,! ,aret9es !n   
orda9$ t ! tolls paid by ! surr\nd+     
c\ntry1 call$ a dazio1 %\ld be set aside
 = ! use ( ! build+1 & ?is toll has la/$
 to our own day4 ,to return to          
,m>g>itone1 he seems to h be5 ! fir/1 s 
f> z "o c judge by 8 works1 :o ?\ght x  
necess>y to take precautions1 :5 pa9t+  
on wood1 t ! jo9ts %\ld be secure1 s t  
no cracks or fissures %\ld appe> aft] ! 
completion ( ! pa9t+1 & x 0 8 practice  
to cov] ! panel completely ) canvas1    
fa/5$ on by a /rong glue made ( %r$s (  
p>*m5t & boil$ 9 ! fire2 he !n treat$ ! 
surface ) gypsum1 z may be se5 9 _m ( 8 
own pictures & 9 ^? ( o!rs4 ,ov] !      

gypsum1 ?us mix$ ) ! glue1 he made l9es 
& diadems & o!r r\nd$ ornam5ts 9 relief2
 & x 0 he :o inv5t$ ! me?od ( gr\nd+ 9  
bol-ar-moniac1 on :i* he laid gold leaf 
:i* he aft]w>ds burni%$4 ,all ^! ?+s :i*
 _h nev] be5 se5 be=e may be notic$ 9 8 
works1 especially 9 an antep5dium 9 !   
,pieve ( ,arezzo1 :i* conta9s sc5es f ! 
life ( ,/ ,donate1 & also 9 ,s4 ,agnesa 
& ,s4 ,niccolo 9 ! same city4           
,m>g>itone produc$ _m works 9 8 own     
c\ntry :i* 7 s5t out ( x1 "p ( :i* 7 at 
,rome 9 ,s4 ,giovanni & 9 ,/ ,pet]'s1 & 
"s at ,s4 ,cat]9a at ,pisa1 :]e !re is a
 ,/ ,ca!r9e ( 8 ov] an alt> 9 !         
transept1 conta9+ _m small figures 9 a  
repres5tation ( h] life1 & also a panel 
( ,/ ,francis ) _m subjects f 8 life1 on
 a gold gr\nd4 ,9 ! upp] *ur* ( ,s4     
,francesco at ,assisi is a crucifix by 8
 h& pa9t$ 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1 on a beam 
:i* spans ! *ur*4 ,all ^! works 7       
greatly priz$ by ! p ( ! "t1 al?\gh !y  
are n valu$ to-day1 except z be+ curi\s 
on acc\nt ( _! age2 inde$ !y c\ld only  

be consid]$ good 9 an age :5 art 0 n at 
its z5i?1 z x is to-day4 ,m>g>itone also
 paid "s att5tion to ar*itecture1 al?\gh
 ,i h n m5tion$ any ?+s made f 8 designs
 because !y are ( slight importance4    
,h[ev]1 ,i mu/ n =get to say t he       
design$ ! palace ( ! gov]nors ( ! city (
 ,ancona1 z ,i h f\nd1 9 #abgj1 9 !     
,byzant9e /yle2 & :at is m1 he c>v$ 9   
sculpture eight w9d[s = ! faade1 ea* (  
:i* has two columns 9 ! middle1 :i*     
support two ar*es4 ,ov] ea* w9d[ is a   
repres5tation 9 half relief1 occupy+ !  
space betwe5 ! ar*es & ! top ( ! w9d[1 (
 an ,old ,te/am5t subject1 c>v$ 9 a     
species ( /one f\nd 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"u !   
w9d[s & on ! faade are "s lett]s1 !     
purport ( :i* mu/ be conjectur$1 s badly
 are !y done1 :i* give ! date & "t at   
:i* ! "w 0 execut$4 ,! design ( ! *ur* (
 ,s4 ,ciriaco at ,ancona 0 also by 8 h&4
 ,m>g>itone di$ at ! age ( sev5ty-sev51 
regrett+1 x is said1 t he _h liv$ long  
en\gh to see ! *anges ( ! age & ! hon\rs
 accord$ to ! new arti/s4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 

! old ,duomo ( ,arezzo1 9 a tomb (      
,trav]t9e1 :i* has be5 de/roy$ 9 our own
 "t by ! demolition ( t *ur*4 ,! foll[+ 
epitaph 0 writt5 = him3         ,hic    
jacet ille bonus pictura ,m>g>itonus1   
,cui requiem ,dom9us tradat uhique plus4
  ,m>g>itone's portrait 0 9 ! old ,duomo
 by ! h& ( ,sp9ello1 9 ! ,adoration ( ! 
,magi1 & 0 copi$ by me be=e ! *ur* 0    
pull$ d[n4     ,giotto1 ,pa9t]1         
,sculptor1 & ,ar*itect ( ,flor5ce4   ,! 
debt :i* pa9t]s owe to ,nature1 :i*     
s]ves cont9ually z an example to !m1 t f
 h] !y may select ! be/ & f9e/ p>ts =   
reproduction & imitation1 is due also to
 ! ,flor5t9e pa9t]1 ,giotto2 because1 :5
 ! me?ods & outl9es ( good pa9t+ _h be5 
buri$ = s _m ye>s "u ! ru9s caus$ by w>1
 he alone1 al?\gh born 9 ! mid/ (       
unskilful arti/s1 0 able1 ?r\gh ,god's  
gift 9 him1 to end[ art ) a prop] =m    
aft] x _h be5 reviv$ 9 a bad /yle4      
,c]ta9ly x 0 no?+ %ort ( a miracle1 9 s 
gross & unskilful an age1 t ,giotto %\ld
 h work$ to su* purpose t design ( :i* !

 m5 ( ! "t _h little or no conception1 0
 reviv$ to a vigor\s life by 8 means4 ,!
 bir? ( ?is great man took place 9 ! ye>
 #abgf1 f\rte5 miles f ,flor5ce1 9 ! t[n
 ( ,vespignano1 8 fa!r1 :o 0 a simple   
field lab\r]1 be+ nam$ ,bondone4 ,he    
br\ght up ,giotto z well z 8 position 9 
life all[$4 ,:5 ! boy _h atta9$ ! age ( 
t5 ye>s he exhibit$1 9 all 8 *ildi%     
ways1 an extraord9>y quickness &        
read9ess ( m9d1 :i* made him a fav\rite1
 n only ) 8 fa!r1 b ) all :o knew him1  
bo? 9 ! village & beyond x4 ,bondone !n 
set him to wat* a few %eep1 & :ile he 0 
foll[+ ^! f place to place to f9d       
pa/ure1 he 0 always draw+ some?+ f      
nature or repres5t+ ! fancies :i* came  
into 8 head1 ) a /one on ! gr\nd or on  
s&1 s mu* 0 he attract$ to ! art (      
design by 8 natural incl9ation4 ,?us "o 
day :5 ,cimabue 0 go+ on "s bus9ess f   
,flor5ce to ,vespignano1 he came ^u     
,giotto1 :o1 :ile 8 %eep 7 graz+1 0     
draw+ "o ( !m f life ) a po9t$ piece (  
/one ^u a smoo? surface ( rock1 al?\gh  

he _h nev] _h any ma/] b nature4        
,cimabue /opp$ 9 amazem5t at ! sight1 & 
ask$ ! boy if he w\ld l to come & /ay ) 
him4 ,giotto repli$ he w\ld g will+ly if
 8 fa!r w\ld cons5t4 ,cimabue lo/ no "t 
9 f9d+ ,bondone1 :o joyfully cons5t$ &  
all[$ 8 son to accompany ,cimabue to    
,flor5ce4 ,aft] 8 arrival !re1 assi/$ by
 8 natural tal5t & taught by ,cimabue1 !
 boy n only equall$ 8 ma/]'s /yle 9 a   
%ort "t1 b became su* a good imitator ( 
nature t he entirely ab&on$ ! rude      
,byzant9e mann] & reviv$ ! mod]n & good 
/yle ( pa9t+1 introduc+ ! practice (    
mak+ good portraits ( liv+ p]sons1 a ?+ 
:i* _h n be5 9 use = m ?an two hundr$   
ye>s4 ,& al?\gh !re 7 "s few portraits  
made 9 ?is mann]1 z has be5 said above1 
yet !y _h n be5 v successful1 nor 7 !y  
ne>ly s well execut$ z ^? ( ,giotto4    
,among o!r portraits :i* he made1 !     
*apel ( ! ,pode/a palace at ,flor5ce    
/ill conta9s t ( ,dante ,aligh]i1 8     
close companion & fri5d1 no less fam\s z
 a poet ?an ,giotto !n 0 z a pa9t]4 ,?is

 poet has be5 w>mly prais$ by ,m4       
,giovanni ,boccaccio 9 ! introduction to
 ! /ory ( ,m4 ,=ese da ,rabatta4 ,9 ?is 
same *apel ,giotto has also pa9t$ 8 own 
portrait z well z ^? ( ,s] ,brunetto    
,lat9i1 ,dante's ma/]1 & ,m4 ,corso     
,donati1 a fam\s citiz5 ( ! "t4         
,giotto's fir/ pa9t+s 7 9 ! *apel ( !   
high alt> ( ! ,badia at ,flor5ce1 9 :i* 
he made a numb] ( ?+s :i* 7 consid]$    
beautiful1 b especially an              
,annunciation4 ,9 ?is he has repres5t$ )
 extraord9>y tru? ! fe> & a/oni%m5t ( ! 
,virg9 ,m>y at ! salutation ( ,gabriel1 
:o1 9 h] t]ror seems ready to run away4 
,! picture ( ! high alt> 9 ! same *apel 
is also by ,giotto's h&1 & x has cont9u$
 to reta9 its position !re1 r because ( 
a c]ta9 rev]5ce :i* is felt = ! "w ( su*
 a man ?an = any o!r reason4 ,9 ,s4     
,croce !re are f\r *apels decorat$ by 8 
h&1 ?ree betwe5 ! sacri/y & ! pr9cipal  
*apel1 & "o on ! o!r side4 ,9 ! fir/ (  
^!1 t ( ,m4 ,ridolfo de' ,b>di1 9 :i* ! 
bell ropes hang1 is ! life ( ,/         

,francis1 at ^: dea? a numb] ( fri>s    
exhibit ! effect ( weep+ ) consid]able  
fidelity to nature4 ,9 ! second1 :i* is 
t ( ! family ( ! ,p]uzzi1 are two       
subjects f ! life ( ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/1 
to :om ! *apel is d$icat$4 ,"h is a v   
life-l repres5tation ( ! danc+ (        
,h]odias1 & ( ! promptitude ) :i* "s    
s]vants are p]=m+ ! s]vice ( ! table4 ,9
 ! same *apel are two miracles ( ,/     
,john ! ,evangeli/1 ! "o repres5t+ !    
rais+ ( ,drusiana1 ! o!r 8 be+ caught up
 into ,heav54 ,! ?ird *apel1 t ( !      
,giugni & d$icat$ to ! ,apo/les1 conta9s
 repres5tations by ,giotto ( ! m>tyrdom 
( _m ( !m4 ,9 ! f\r?1 t ( ! ,tos+hi &   
,sp9elli1 :i* is on ! nor? side ( ! *ur*
 & is d$icat$ to ! ,assumption ( ,our   
,lady1 ,giotto pa9t$ ! ,nativity ( !    
,virg91 h] m>riage1 ! ,annunciation1 !  
adoration ( ! ,magi1 & ! pres5tation ( !
 ,*ri/ *ild to ,simeon4 ,?is la/ is a   
mo/ beautiful ?+1 = n only is ! w>me/   
love depict$ 9 ! face ( ! old man z he  
receives ! ,*ri/1 b ! action ( ! *ild1  

:o is afraid ( him & /ret*es out 8 arms 
to return to 8 "m1 c\ld n be repres5t$ )
 m t5d]ness or great] beauty4 ,9 ! ,dea?
 ( ,our ,lady ! ,apo/les are repres5t$ )
 a numb] ( v beautiful angels4 ,!       
,b>oncelli *apel 9 ! same *ur* conta9s a
 pa9t+ 9 temp]a by ,giotto's h&1 9 :i*  
he has repres5t$ ) great c>e !          
coronation ( ,our ,lady4 ,x conta9s a v 
l>ge numb] ( small figures & a *oir (   
angels & sa9ts1 produc$ ) great         
dilig5ce4 ,on ?is "w he has writt5 8 "n 
& ! date 9 gold lett]s4 ,arti/s :o      
reflect t at ?is "t ,giotto 0 lay+ !    
f\ndations ( ! prop] me?od ( design & ( 
col\r+1 unaid$ by ! advantages ( see+ ! 
light ( ! good /yle1 w be compell$ to   
hold him 9 ! highe/ v5]ation4 ,9 ! same 
*ur* ( ,s4 ,croce !re are 9 addition a  
crucifix above ! m>ble tomb ( ,c>lo     
,m>zupp9i ( ,arezzo1 ,our ,lady ) ,/    
,john & ! ,magdal5e at ! foot ( ! cross1
 & opposite on ! o!r side ( ! build+ an 
,annunciation t[>ds ! high alt> ov] !   
tomb ( ,lion>do ,aret9o1 :i* has be5    

re/or$ by mod]n arti/s ) great lack (   
judgm5t4 ,9 ! refectory he has done !   
hi/ory ( ,/ ,l\is1 a ,la/ ,supp]1 & a   
,tree ( ! ,cross1 :ile ! presses ( !    
sacri/y are decorat$ ) "s sc5es f !     
lives ( ,*ri/ & ( ,/ ,francis 9 small   
figures4 ,at ! *ur* ( ! ,c>m9e 9 ! *apel
 ( ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/ he repres5t$ !    
:ole ( t sa9t's life 9 sev]al pictures2 
& 9 ! ,palazzo della p>te ,guelfa at    
,flor5ce !re is ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian   
fai? pa9t$ admirably by him 9 fresco1 & 
conta9+ ! portrait ( ,pope ,clem5t      
,,iv41 :o f\nd$ t mona/]y to :i* he gave
 8 arms1 reta9$ by !m ev] s9ce4  ,aft]  
^! works ,giotto set out f ,flor5ce =   
,assisi 9 ord] to f9i% :at ,cimabue _h  
begun !re4 ,on 8 way ?r\gh ,arezzo he   
pa9t$ ! *apel ( ,/ ,francis1 :i* is     
above ! bapti/]y 9 ! ,pieve !re1 & a ,/ 
,francis & a ,/ ,dom9ic1 portraits f    
life1 on a r\nd pill> ne> to a mo/      
beautiful antique ,cor9?ian capital4 ,9 
! ,duomo outside ,arezzo he decorat$ !  
int]ior ( a l>ge *apel ) ! ,/on+ ( ,/   

,/eph51 an admirable composition (      
figures4 ,on complet+ ^! ?+s he proce$$ 
to ,assisi1 a city ( ,umbria1 :i!r he 0 
summon$ by fra ,giovanni di ,muro della 
,m>ca1 at t "t g5]al ( ! fri>s ( ,/     
,francis4 ,9 ! upp] *ur* ( ?is t[n he   
pa9t$ a s]ies ( ?irty-two frescoes ( !  
life ( ,/ ,francis1 "u ! corridor :i*   
trav]ses ! w9d[s1 sixte5 on ea* side1 ) 
su* p]fection t he acquir$ ! highe/     
reputation !reby4 ,9 tru? ! "w exhibits 
great v>iety1 n only 9 ! po/ures ( !    
diff]5t figures1 b 9 ! composition ( ea*
 subject1 besides :i* x is v int]e/+ to 
see ! v>i\s co/umes ( ^? times & c]ta9  
imitations & obs]vations ( ,nature4 ,"o 
( ! mo/ beautiful ( ^! repres5ts a ?ir/y
 man1 ^: desire = wat] is repres5t$ 9 ! 
mo/ lively mann] z he kneels on ! gr\nd 
to dr9k f a spr+1 ) su* wond]ful reality
 t "o might imag9e him to be a real     
p]son4 ,!re are _m o!r ?+s mo/ wor?y (  
notice into :i* ,i w n ent] n[1 because 
,i d n wi% to be t$i\s4 ,let x suffice  
to say t by ^! works ,giotto acquir$ !  

highe/ reputation = ! excell5ce ( 8     
figures1 = 8 arrangem5t1 s5se (         
proportion1 fidelity to ,nature1 & 8    
innate facility :i* he _h greatly       
increas$ by /udy1 :ile 9 addition to ?is
 he nev] fail$ to express 8 mean+       
cle>ly4 ,giotto inde$ 0 n s mu* ! pupil 
( any human ma/] z ( ,nature h]self1 = 9
 addition to 8 spl5did natural gifts1 he
 /udi$ ,nature dilig5tly1 arid 0 always 
contriv+ new ?+s & borr[+ ideas f h]4   
,:5 ^! works 7 complet$ ,giotto pa9t$ 9 
! l[] *ur* ( ! same place ! upp] "p ( ! 
walls beside ! high alt>1 & all f\r     
angles ( ! vault+ ov] ! spot :]e ! body 
( ,/ ,francis lies1 ! :ole display+ 8   
beautiful & inv5tive imag9ation4 ,! fir/
 conta9s ,/ ,francis glorifi$ 9 ,heav51 
surr\nd$ by ^? ,virtues :i* are requir$ 
( ^? :o wi% to be p]fect 9 ! sight (    
,god4 ,on ! "o side ,ob$i5ce puts a yoke
 on ! neck ( a fri> :o kneels be=e h]1 !
 b&s ( :i* are drawn by h&s to ,heav54  
,) "o f+] on h] m\? %e signifies sil5ce1
 & h] eyes are turn$ t[>ds ,jesus ,*ri/1

 :o is %$d+ blood f 8 side4 ,beside h]  
are ,prud5ce & ,humility to %[ t :]e    
true ob$i5ce exi/s1 !re also w be       
humility & prud5ce1 caus+ ev]y?+ to     
prosp]4 ,9 ! second angle is ,*a/ity1 :o
 w n all[ h]self to be won by ! k+doms1 
cr[ns1 or palms :i* are be+ (f]$ to h]4 
,at h] feet /&s ,purity :o is wa%+ !    
nak$1 :ile ,=titude is br++ o!rs to be  
wa%$ & cleans$4 ,on "o side ( ,*a/ity is
 ,p5it5ce1 *as+ a w+$ ,love ) ! cord (  
discipl9e & putt+ to flight             
,uncleanness4 ,pov]ty occupies ! ?ird   
space1 tread+ on ?orns ) h] b>e feet2   
beh9d h] b>ks a dog1 :ile a boy is ?r[+ 
/ones at h] & ano!r is pu%+ ?orns into  
h] legs ) a /ick4 ,pov]ty "h is esp\s$  
by ,/ ,francis1 :ile ,jesus ,*ri/ holds 
h] h& 9 ! my/ical pres5ce ( ,hope &     
,*a/ity4 ,9 ! f\r? & la/ ( ^! places is 
a ,/ ,francis 9 glory1 clo!d 9 ! :ite   
tunic ( a deacon1 9 triumph & surr\nd$  
by a multitude ( angels :o =m a *oir    
ab\t him & hold a bann] on :i* are a    
cross & sev5 />s1 :ile ov] all is !     

,holy ,_s4 ,9 ea* ( ^! angles are "s    
,lat9 words explanatory ( ! subject4    
,besides ^! f\r angles ! pa9t+s on !    
side walls are mo/ beautiful1 & des]ve  
to be highly valu$ bo? = ! p]fection :i*
 !y exhibit & because !y 7 produc$ ) su*
 skill t !y are 9 an excell5t /ate (    
pres]vation to-day4 ,^! pa9t+s conta9 an
 excell5t portrait ( ,giotto himself1 & 
ov] ! door ( ! sacri/y is a fresco by 8 
h& ( ,/ ,francis receiv+ ! /igmata1 s   
full ( t5d]ness & devotion t x seems to 
me to be ! mo/ excell5t pa9t+ t ,giotto 
has produc$ "h1 ?\gh all are really     
beautiful & wor?y ( praise4  ,:5 ,s4    
,francesco 0 at l5g? f9i%$ ,giotto      
return$ to ,flor5ce1 :]e he pa9t$ )     
extraord9>y c>e1 a picture ( ,/ ,francis
 9 ! fe>ful des]t ( ,v]nia1 to be s5t to
 ,pisa4 ,besides a l&scape full ( trees 
& rocks1 a new ?+ 9 ^? days1 ! attitude 
( ! sa9t1 :o is receiv+ ! /igmata on 8  
knees ) great eag]ness1 exhibits an     
ard5t desire to receive !m & an inf9ite 
love t[>ds ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is 9 ! air  

surr\nd$ by s]aphim grant+ !m to him1 ! 
v>i$ emotions be+ all repres5t$ 9 ! mo/ 
tell+ mann] imag9able4 ,! pr$ella ( !   
picture conta9s ?ree f9ely execut$      
subjects f ! life ( ! same sa9t4 ,! "w  
may n[ be se5 9 ,s4 ,francesco at ,pisa1
 on a pill> beside ! high alt>1 :]e x is
 held 9 high v5]ation 9 memory ( s great
 a man4 ,x l$ ! ,pisans1 on ! completion
 ( _! ,campo ,santo f ! plan ( ,giovanni
 di ,niccola ,pisano1 z already relat$1 
to entru/ to ,giotto ! pa9t+ ( a "p ( ! 
walls4 ,= z ! ext]ior ( ! walls 0       
incru/$ ) m>ble & sculptures at a great 
co/1 ! ro( be+ ( lead1 & ! int]ior fill$
 ) antique s>cophagi & tombs ( ,pagan   
times1 ga!r$ toge!r 9 t city f all p>ts 
( ! _w1 ! ,pisans wi%$ ! walls to be    
decorat$ ) a s]ies ( noble pa9t+s4      
,accord+ly ,giotto w5t to ,pisa1 &      
beg9n+ at ! end ( "o ( ! walls ( !      
,campo ,santo he depict$ ! life ( !     
pati5t ,job 9 six frescoes4 ,n[ x       
occurr$ to him t ! m>bles ( ! "p ( !    
build+ 9 :i* he 0 at "w 7 turn$ t[>ds ! 

sea1 & be+ expos$ to ! s\?-ea/ w9d1 !y  
are always moi/ & ?r[ out a c]ta9       
saltness1 z d ne>ly all ! bricks (      
,pisa1 & because ! col\rs & pa9t+s are  
eat5 away by ^! causes1 & z he wi%$ to  
protect 8 "w f de/ruction z f> z        
possible1 he prep>$ a coat+ = ! :ole ( !
 surface on :i* he propos$ to pa9t 8    
frescoes1 :i* consi/$ ( a pla/] or      
incru/ure made up ( lime1 *alk &        
brick-du/4 ,?is device has prov$ s      
successful1 t ! pa9t+s :i* he           
subsequ5tly execut$ on ?is surface1 h   
endur$ to ?is day1 & !y w\ld h /ood     
bett] _h n ! neglect ( ^? :o %\ld h tak5
 c>e ( !m1 all[$ !m to be mu* damag$ by 
! damp4 ,! want ( att5tion to ?is       
detail1 :i* w\ld h involv$ little       
tr\ble1 has caus$ ! pictures to suff] a 
great deal 9 "s places :]e ! damp has   
conv]t$ ! crimsons into black & caus$ ! 
pla/] to fall (f4 ,besides ?is x is !   
nature ( *alk :5 mix$ ) lime to become  
corrod$ & to peel1 :5ce x happ5s t !    
col\rs are de/roy$1 al?\gh !y may       

orig9ally appe> to take well4 ,^!       
frescoes conta9 ! portrait ( ,m4 ,f>9ata
 degli ,ub]ti1 besides _m f9e figures1  
among :i* "o may rem>k "s c\ntrym51 :o 9
 br++ ! sad news to ,job1 exhibit !     
utmo/ sorr[ = ! lo/ animals & ! o!r     
mis=tunes4 ,!re is also mu* grace 9 !   
figure ( a s]vant1 :o ) a fan ( bran*es 
/&s ne> ! b[$ figure ( ,job1 ab&on$ by  
ev]yone else1 = 9 addition to ! figure  
be+ well execut$ 9 e p>ticul>1 8        
attitude is wond]ful1 z ) "o h& he      
drives away ! flies f 8 lepr\s & noisome
 ma/]1 & holds 8 nose ) ! o!r ) disgu/1 
to escape ! smell4 ,v f9e also are ! o!r
 figures ( ^! pictures & ! heads ( bo?  
m5 & wom51 & ! delicate treatm5t ( !    
drap]y1 s t x is small wond] t ! "w     
br\ght ,giotto su* r5[n 9 t city &      
else:]e2 t ,pope ,b5$ict ,,ix41 :o 0    
propos+ to decorate ,/ ,pet]'s ) "s     
pa9t+s1 s5t a c\rti] f ,treviso to      
,tuscany1 to see :at mann] ( man ,giotto
 01 & to report on ! quality ( 8 "w4 ,on
 ! way ! c\rti] le>n$ t !re 7 o!r       

excell5t ma/]s 9 pa9t+ & mosaic 9       
,flor5ce1 & he int]view$ a numb] (      
arti/s at ,si5a4 ,:5 he _h receiv$      
designs f ^!1 he proce$$ to ,flor5ce4   
,ent]+ ,giotto's %op "o morn+1 z he 0 at
 "w1 ! envoy expla9$ to him ! ,pope's   
int5tion1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he wi%$ to    
make use ( 8 "w1 & f9ally ask$ ,giotto =
 "s small specim5 ( "w to s5d to ,8     
,hol9ess4 ,giotto1 :o 0 always c\rte\s1 
took a %eet ( pap] & a r$ p5cil1 press$ 
8 arm to 8 side to make a compass ( x1 &
 !n ) a turn ( 8 h&1 produc$ a circle s 
p]fect 9 e p>ticul> t x 0 a m>vel to    
see4 ,?is done1 he turn$ smil+ to !     
c\rti] & said3 ,"h is ! design4 ,!      
latt]1 :o ?\ght he 0 jok+1 said3 ,am ,i 
to h no o!r design b ?is8 ,x is en\gh & 
m ?an en\gh1 repli$ ,giotto2 s5d x 9 ) !
 o!rs & y w see if x is recognis$4 ,!   
mess5g] p]ceiv$ t he w\ld obta9 no?+    
else1 & left 9 a /ate ( consid]able     
dissatisfaction1 imag9+ t he _h be5     
laugh$ at4 ,h[ev]1 :5 he s5t 9 ! o!r    
designs ) ! names ( _! au?ors1 he       

includ$ t ( ,giotto1 & relat$ h[ ! arti/
 _h execut$ x )\t mov+ 8 arm & )\t      
compasses4 ,f ?is ! ,pope & all !       
c\rti]s pres5t recognis$ to :at an ext5t
 ,giotto surpass$ all ! o!r pa9t]s ( !  
"t 9 excell5ce4 ,:5 ! /ory became public
 x gave rise to a say+ :i* is /ill us$ =
 p ( dull wits3 ,y are m r\nd 7tondo7   
?an ,giotto's ,o4 ,?is prov]b des]ves to
 be consid]$ a good "o1 n only f !      
circum/ances out ( :i* x arose1 b mu* m 
= its mean+1 :i* is due to ! two-fold   
significance ( ! ^w tondo 9 ,tuscany1 t 
( a p]fect circle1 & sl[ness & heav9ess 
( m9d4 ,accord+ly ! ,pope s5t = ,giotto 
to ,rome1 :]e he receiv$ him ) great    
hon\r1 & recognis$ 8 wor?4 ,he caus$ him
 to pa9t = ! tribune ( ,/ ,pet]'s five  
subjects f ! life ( ,*ri/1 & ! pr9cipal 
picture = ! sacri/y1 all ( :i* 7 execut$
 ) great c>e1 no?+ 9 temp]a ev] leav+ 8 
h&s be=e x 0 p]fectly f9i%$2 ?us he     
ri*ly des]v$ ! rew>d ( #fjj gold ducats 
:i* ! delight$ ,pope gave to him1 be/[+ 
_m o!r fav\rs ^u him1 s t x became !    

talk ( all ,italy4  ,z ,i d n wi% to    
omit a memorable circum/ance conc]n+    
art1 ,i w notice "h t !re happ5$ to be 9
 ,rome at ?is "t a great fri5d ( ,giotto
 nam$ ,od]igi d',aggobbio1 an excell5t  
illum9ator ( ! day1 :o adorn$ _m books =
 ! ,pope = ! palace libr>y1 ?\gh !y are 
n[ mo/ly de/roy$ by "t4 ,9 my own book (
 old designs !re are "s remnants by 8   
h&1 & he c]ta9ly 0 a clev] arti/4 ,b a  
mu* bett] ma/] ?an he 0 ,francis1 an    
illum9ator ( ,bologna1 :o did "s v fair 
?+s = ! ,pope = ! same libr>y at t v "t1
 9 a l /yle1 z may be se5 9 my book1 :]e
 ,i h "s designs by 8 h&1 bo? = pa9t+ & 
illum9ations1 among !m an eagle1        
excell5tly done1 & a f9e lion te>+ up a 
tree4 ,^! two excell5t illum9ators are  
ref]r$ to by ,dante 9 ! passage on !    
va+lori\s 9 ! elev5? *apt] ( !          
,purgatorio1 9 ^! l9es3            ,oh1 
dissi lui1 non se' tu ,od]isi           
,l'onor d',aggobbio e l'onor di quell'  
arte            ,*' allum9>e  *imata 9  
,p>isi8            ,frate1 diss' egli1  

pi ridon le c>te1            ,*e        
p5nelleggia ,franco ,bolognese          
,l'onor  tutto or suo1 e mio 9 p>te4    
,:5 ! ,pope _h se5 ^! works he 0 s      
en*ant$ by ,giotto's /yle t he          
commission$ him to surr\nd ! walls ( ,/ 
,pet]'s ) sc5es f ! ,old & ,new         
,te/am5ts4 ,giotto !re=e began ^!1 &    
pa9t$ ! fresco ( ! angle1 sev5 braccia  
high1 :i* is above ! organ1 & _m o!r    
pa9t+s1 ( :i* "s h be5 re/or$ by o!r    
arti/s 9 our own day1 & "s h be5 ei!r   
de/roy$ or c>ri$ away f ! old build+ (  
,/ ,pet]'s dur+ ! f\nd+ ( ! new walls & 
set "u ! organ4 ,among ^! 0 a           
repres5tation ( ,our ,lady on a wall4 ,9
 ord] t x might n be ?r[n d[n ) ! re/1 x
 0 cut out1 support$ by beams & iron1 & 
s tak5 away4 ,on acc\nt ( its great     
beauty1 x 0 aft]w>ds built into a place 
select$ by ! devotion ( ,m4 ,niccolo    
,acciancoli1 a ,flor5t9e doctor         
en?usia/ic ov] ! excell5t ?+s ( art1 :o 
has ri*ly adorn$ x ) /ucco & o!r mod]n  
pa9t+s4 ,giotto is also ! au?or ( !     

mosaic kn[n z ! ,navicella1 :i* is ov] !
 ?ree doors ( ! portico 9 ! c\rty>d ( ,/
 ,pet]'s4 ,?is is a truly m>vell\s "w1  
well des]v+ its high reputation among   
all p]sons ( ta/e4 ,9 addition to its   
excell5t design1 ! apo/les are admirably
 dispos$1 toil+ 9 diff]5t ways 9 ! mid/ 
( ! tempe/1 :ile ! w9ds fill ! sail1 :i*
 bellies out exactly l a real "o2 & yet 
x is a difficult task s to unite ^?     
pieces ( glass to =m ! light & %ade ( s 
real a sail1 :i*1 ev5 ) ! bru%1 c\ld    
only be equall$ by a great ef=t4        
,besides all ?is1 !re is a fi%]man :o is
 /&+ on a rock & fi%+ ) a l9e1 ^:       
attitude is expressive ( ! extreme      
pati5ce prop] to t art1 :ile 8 face     
betrays 8 hope & desire to cat* some?+4 
,b5ea? ! ,navicella are ?ree small ar*es
 pa9t$ 9 fresco1 b z !y are almo/       
entirely effac$1 ,i w say no m ab\t !m4 
,all arti/s1 h[ev]1 unite 9 praise ( ^! 
works4  ,at la/1 :5 ,giotto _h pa9t$ a  
l>ge crucifix 9 temp]a 9 ! ,m9]va1 a    
*ur* ( ! ,fri>s ,prea*]s1 :i* 0 !n mu*  

admir$1 he return$ to 8 own c\ntry1 f   
:i* he _h be5 abs5t = six ye>s4 ,b soon 
aft] ,pope ,clem5t ,v4 0 elect$ at      
,p]ugia1 on ! dea? ( ,pope ,b5$ict      
,,ix41 & ,giotto 0 oblig$ to accompany !
 new pontiff to 8 c\rt at ,avignon to   
execute "s works !re4 ,?us1 n only 9    
,avignon1 b 9 sev]al o!r places (       
,france1 he pa9t$ _m v beautiful        
frescoes & pictures1 :i* greatly        
delight$ ! ,pope & all 8 c\rt4 ,:5 he at
 l5g? receiv$ 8 dismissal1 he 0 s5t away
 k9dly ) _m gifts1 s t he return$1 home 
no less ri* ?an hon\r$ & fam\s4 ,among  
o!r ?+s :i* he br\ght away ) him 0 !    
,pope's portrait1 :i* he aft]w>ds gave  
to ,taddeo ,gaddi1 8 pupil4 ,! date (   
?is return to ,flor5ce 0 ! ye> #acaf4 ,b
 he 0 n long p]mitt$ to rema9 9         
,flor5ce1 z he 0 invit$ to ,padua to d  
"s "w = ! lords della ,scala1 = :om he  
pa9t$ a beautiful *apel 9 ! ,santo1 a   
*ur* built 9 ^? times4 ,he !nce proce$$ 
to ,v]ona1 :]e he did "s pictures = !   
palace ( ,mess] ,cane1 p>ticul>ly !     

portrait ( t "l1 & a picture = ! fri>s (
 ,s4 ,francesco4 ,on ! completion ( ^!  
?+s he 0 deta9$ at ,f]r>a1 on 8 way back
 to ,tuscany1 to pa9t = ! lords ( ,e/i 9
 _! palace & ,s4 ,ago/9o "s ?+s :i* may 
be se5 !re to ?is day4 ,:5 ! news (     
,giotto's pres5ce at ,f]r>a rea*$ !     
,flor5t9e poet ,dante1 he succe$$ 9     
induc+ 8 fri5d to visit ,rav5na1 :]e !  
poet 0 exil$1 & caus$ him to pa9t "s    
frescoes ab\t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco = 
! lords ( ,pol5ta1 :i* are ( consid]able
 m]it4 ,f ,rav5na ,giotto proce$$ to    
,urb9o1 & did a few ?+s !re4 ,aft]w>ds  
he happ5$ to be pass+ ?r\gh ,arezzo1 &  
be+ unable to refuse a fav\r to ,pi]o   
,saccone1 :o _h be5 v k9d to him1 he    
execut$ 9 fresco1 on a pill> ( !        
pr9cipal *apel ( ! ,vescovado1 a ,/     
,m>t91 :o is cutt+ 8 mantle 9 two & giv+
 "p ( x to a begg> :o is all b nak$4    
,!n1 :5 he _h pa9t$ 9 temp]a a l>ge     
crucifix 9 wood = ! ,abbey ( ,s4 ,fiore1
 :i* is n[ 9 ! middle ( t *ur*1 he at   
l5g? rea*$ ,flor5ce4 ,"h1 among _m o!r  

?+s1 he pa9t$ "s pictures 9 fresco &    
temp]a = ! ,nunn]y ( ,fa5za1 :i* no     
long] exi/ ow+ to ! de/ruction ( t h\se4
  ,9 #acba occurr$ ! dea? ( ,giotto's   
de>e/ fri5d ,dante1 to 8 great grief2 & 
9 ! foll[+ ye> he w5t to ,lucca1 :]e1 at
 ! reque/ ( ,ca/ruccio1 !n "l ( t city1 
8 bir?place1 he made a picture ( ,/     
,m>t91 ) ,*ri/ above 9 ! air1 & ! f\r   
patron sa9ts ( ! city--,/ ,pet]1 ,/     
,regulus1 ,/ ,m>t91 & ,/ ,paul9us--:o   
seem to be pres5t+ a pope & an emp]or1  
believ$ by _m to be ,fr$]ick ( ,bav>ia &
 ! anti-,pope ,ni*olas ,v4 ,!re are also
 "s :o believe t ,giotto design$ !      
impregnable =tress ( ! ,giu/a at ,s4    
,fridiano at ,lucca4 ,:5 ,giotto _h     
return$ to ,flor5ce1 ,k+ ,rob]t (       
,naples wrote to 8 elde/ son ,*>les1 ,k+
 ( ,calabria1 :o 0 !n 9 t city1 to use e
 means to induce ! pa9t] to g to        
,naples1 :]e ! k+ _h j complet$ ! build+
 ( ! ,nunn]y ( ,s4 ,*i>a & ! royal *ur*1
 :i* he wi%$ to h decorat$ ) noble      
pa9t+s4 ,:5 ,giotto le>n$ t he 0 want$  

by s popul> & fam\s a k+1 he dep>t$ to  
s]ve him ) ! greate/ alacrity1 & on 8   
arrival he pa9t$ _m sc5es f ! ,old &    
,new ,te/am5ts 9 "s *apels ( ! mona/]y4 
,x is said t ! sc5es f ! ,apocalypse :i*
 he made 9 "o ( ^? *apels 7 sugge/$ by  
,dante1 z also p]*ance 7 "s ( !         
mu*-admir$ works at ,assisi1 ( :i* ,i h 
already spok5 at l5g?2 & al?\gh ,dante 0
 dead at ?is "t1 x is possible t !y _h  
talk$ ov] ^! ?+s1 z fri5ds frequ5tly d4 
,to return to ,naples1 ,giotto did _m   
works 9 ! ,ca/el dell' ,uovo1 especially
 9 ! *apel1 :i* greatly delight$ ! k+1  
:o became s fond ( him t he (t5 came to 
talk ) ! arti/ :ile he 0 at "w1 & took  
delight 9 see+ him at "w & 9 li/5+ to 8 
conv]sation4 ,giotto1 :o always _h a je/
 ready or "s %>p retort1 ent]ta9$ ! k+ )
 8 h& 9 pa9t+ & ) 8 tongue by 8 pleasant
 disc\rse4 ,?us x once happ5$ t ! k+    
told him x 0 8 int5tion to make him !   
fir/ man 9 ,naples1 to :i* ,giotto      
repli$3 ,no d\bt t is :y ,i am lodg$ at 
! ,porta ,reale to be ! fir/ man 9      

,naples4 ,ano!r day ! k+ said to him3   
,giotto1 if ,i 7 y1 ?is hot day1 ,i w\ld
 leave (f pa9t+ = a :ile4 ,he answ]$3 ,s
 ,i %\ld1 c]ta9ly1 if ,i 7 y4 ,be+ ?us  
on v fri5dly t]ms ) ! k+1 he pa9t$ a    
good numb] ( pictures = him 9 ! *amb]   
:i* ,k+ ,alfonso ,i4 pull$ d[n to make !
 ca/le1 & also 9 ! ,incoronata1 & among 
^? 9 ! *amb] 7 ! portraits ( _m fam\s   
m51 ,giotto among ! numb]4 ,"o day1 by  
"s caprice1 ! k+ ask$ ,giotto to pa9t 8 
k+dom4 ,x is said t ,giotto pa9t$ = him 
a saddl$ ass1 ) ano!r new saddle at its 
feet at :i* x 0 sniff+1 z if he wi%$ = x
 9 place ( ! "o he _h on4 ,on ea* saddle
 7 ! royal cr[n & ! sceptre ( p[]4 ,:5 !
 k+ ask$ ,giotto = ! mean+ ( ?is        
picture1 he repli$3 ,su* are y\r        
subjects & su* is ! k+dom1 :]e e day !y 
are want+ to *ange _! ma/]4  ,on 8      
dep>ture f ,naples = ,rome1 ,giotto /ay$
 at ,gaeta1 :]e he 0 con/ra9$ to pa9t "s
 subjects f ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 !         
,nunziata1 :i* h suff]$ f ! ravages (   
"t1 b n to su* an ext5t t x is n        

possible to di/+ui% a portrait ( ,giotto
 himself ne> a l>ge crucifix ( great    
beauty4 ,?is done1 he rema9$ a few days 
at ,rome1 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,signor        
,malate/a1 :om he c\ld n refuse ?is     
fav\r1 & !n he w5t on to ,rim9i1 ( :i*  
city ,malate/a 0 "l1 & !re 9 ! *ur* (   
,s4 ,francesco he pa9t$ a l>ge numb] (  
pictures1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds de/roy$ by     
,gismondo1 son ( ,p&olfo ,malate/a1 :o  
rebuilt ! :ole ( t *ur*4 ,9 ! cloi/] ( !
 same *ur*1 t[>ds ! *ur* front1 he pa9t$
 9 fresco ! life ( ! ,bless$ ,mi*el9a1  
:i* ranks ) ! be/ ?+s :i* he ev] did1 on
 acc\nt ( ! _m f9e ?+s :i* he took into 
consid]ation 9 execut+ x1 =1 q ap>t f ! 
beauty ( ! drap]y & ! grace & vig\r ( ! 
heads1 :i* are truly m>vell\s1 !re is a 
"y woman ( ! mo/ exquisite beauty1 :o 9 
ord] to free h]self f an accusation (   
adult]y1 takes a mo/ solemn oa? ^u a    
book1 keep+ h] eyes fix$ on ^? ( h]     
husb&1 :o has made h] swe> because 8    
suspicions _h be5 ar\s$ by h] giv+ bir? 
to a black son1 :om he c\ld n be p]suad$

 to ackn[l$ge z 8 own4 ,j z ! husb& %[s 
8 ang] & mi/ru/ 9 8 face1 s 8 wife      
betrays1 to ^? :o look c>efully at h]1  
h] innoc5ce & simplicity1 by ! tr\ble 9 
h] face & eyes1 & ! wrong :i* is done to
 h] 9 mak+ h] swe> & 9 proclaim+ h]     
publicly z an adult]ess4 ,giotto has    
also express$ ) great realism a man     
afflict$ ) sores1 z all ! wom5 :o are   
ab\t him1 disgu/$ by ! /5*1 turn away ) 
v>i\s contortions 9 ! mo/ graceful mann]
 imag9able4 ,!n aga9 ! =e%ort5+ 9 a     
picture conta9+ a numb] ( lame begg>s is
 highly praisewor?y1 & %\ld be mu* priz$
 by arti/s1 s9ce x is f ^! works t !    
orig9 ( =e%ort5+ is d]iv$2 & :5 x is    
rememb]$ t !y are ! fir/1 !y mu/ be     
consid]$ v tol]able a*ievem5ts4 ,b ! mo/
 rem>kable ?+ ( all 9 ?is s]ies is !    
action ( ! sa9t ) reg>d to c]ta9 usur]s 
:o are pay+ h] ! money realis$ by ! sale
 ( h] possessions1 :i* %e int5ds to give
 to ! poor4 ,h] face displays contempt =
 money & o!r e>?ly ?+s1 :i* %e seems to 
abhor1 :ile ! usur]s are ! v picture (  

human av>ice & gre$4 ,simil>ly ! face ( 
"o :o is c\nt+ ! money1 :i* he appe>s to
 be communicat+ to ! not>y :o is writ+1 
is v f9e1 = al?\gh 8 eyes are turn$     
t[>ds ! not>y1 yet he keeps 8 h& ov] !  
money1 ?us betray+ 8 gre$1 av>ice1 &    
mi/ru/4 ,also ! ?ree figures 9 ! air    
repres5t+ ,ob$i5ce1 ,pati5ce1 & ,pov]ty1
 :o are hold+ up ! habit ( ,/ ,francis1 
are wor?y ( ! highe/ praise1 *iefly on  
acc\nt ( ! natural folds ( ! drap]y1 %[+
 t ,giotto 0 born to ?r[ light on ! art 
( pa9t+4 ,f9ally he has introduc$ into  
?is "w a portrait ( ! ,signor ,malate/a 
9 a %ip1 :i* is mo/ life-l2 & 8         
excell5ce is also display$ 9 ! vig\r1   
disposition1 & po/ure ( ! sailors & o!r 
p1 p>ticul>ly ( "o figure :o is speak+ )
 o!rs & putt+ 8 h& to 8 face spits into 
! sea4 ,c]ta9ly ^! ?+s may be class$    
among ! v be/ works 9 pa9t+ produc$ by !
 ma/]1 because1 9 spite ( ! l>ge numb] (
 figures1 !re is n "o :i* is n produc$ )
 ! mo/ consummate art1 be+ at ! same "t 
exhibit$ 9 an attractive po/ure4        

,accord+ly !re is small ne$ = wond] t ! 
,signor ,malate/a load$ him ) rew>ds &  
praise4 ,:5 ,giotto _h complet$ 8 works 
= ?is ,signor1 he did a ,/ ,?omas       
,aqu9as read+ to 8 bre?r5 = ! outside ( 
! *ur* door ( ,s4 ,cataldo at ,rim9i at 
! reque/ ( ! prior1 :o 0 a ,flor5t9e4   
,hav+ set out !nce he return$ to        
,rav5na1 :]e he execut$ a mu* admir$    
pa9t+ 9 fresco 9 a *apel ( ,s4 ,giovanni
 ,evangeli/a4 ,:5 he next return$ to    
,flor5ce1 lad5 ) hon\rs & ri*es1 he made
 a l>ge wood5 crucifix 9 temp]a = ,s4   
,m>co1 ( m ?an life-size1 ) a gold      
gr\nd1 & x 0 put on ! "r-h& side ( !    
*ur*4 ,he made ano!r l x = ,s4 ,m>ia    
,novella1 9 :i* 8 pupil ,puccio ,capanna
 collaborat$ ) him4 ,?is is n[ ov] !    
pr9cipal entrance to ! *ur*1 on ! "r-h& 
side1 above ! tomb ( ! ,gaddi4 ,= ! same
 *ur* he made a ,/ ,l\is1 = ,paolo di   
,lotto ,ard+helli1 ) portraits ( ! donor
 & 8 wife at ! sa9t's feet4 ,?is picture
 is plac$ on ! scre54  ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 
#acbg1 occurr$ ! dea? ( ,guido ,t>lati  

da ,pietramala1 bi%op & "l ( ,arezzo1 at
 ,massa di ,m>emma1 on 8 return f       
,lucca1 :]e he _h be5 visit+ ! ,emp]or4 
,8 body 0 br\ght to ,arezzo1 :]e x      
receiv$ ! hon\r ( a /ately fun]al1 &    
,pietro ,saccone & ,dolfo da            
,pietramala1 ! bi%op's bro!r1 det]m9$ to
 erect a m>ble tomb :i* %\ld be wor?y ( 
! greatness ( su* a man1 :o _h be5 bo?  
spiritual & temporal "l & ! lead] ( !   
,ghibell9e p>ty 9 ,tuscany4 ,accord+ly  
!y wrote to ,giotto1 desir+ him to      
design a v ri* tomb1 z ornate z         
possible2 & :5 !y _h suppli$ him ) !    
necess>y measurem5ts1 !y ask$ him to s5d
 !m at once ! man :o 01 9 8 op9ion1 !   
mo/ excell5t sculptor !n liv+ 9 ,italy1 
= !y reli$ entirely ^u 8 judgm5t4       
,giotto1 :o 0 v c\rte\s1 prep>$ ! design
 & s5t x to !m1 & f x ! tomb 0 made1 z w
 be said 9 ! prop] place4 ,n[ ,pietro   
,saccone 0 a great admir] ( ,giotto's   
wor?1 & :51 n long aft]1 he took !      
,borgo a ,s4 ,sepol]o1 he br\ght f t    
place to ,arezzo a picture by ! arti/'s 

h&1 ( small figures1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds     
brok5 into fragm5ts2 b ,baccio ,gondi1 a
 ,flor5t9e ( g5tle bir?1 a lov] ( !     
noble arts & ( e k9d ( virtue1 made a   
dilig5t se>* = ! pieces ( ?is picture :5
 he 0 commission] at ,arezzo1 & succe$$ 
9 f9d+ "s4 ,he br\ght !m to ,flor5ce1   
:]e he holds !m 9 great v5]ation1 z well
 z "s o!r ?+s 9 8 possession1 also by   
,giotto1 :o produc$ s mu* t an          
enum]ation ( all 8 works w\ld excite    
incr$ulity4 ,x is n _m ye>s s9ce t ,i   
happ5$ to be at ! h]mitage ( ,camaldoli1
 :]e ,i h done a numb] ( ?+s = ! fa!rs1 
& 9 a cell to :i* ,i 0 tak5 by ! ,v     
,rev4 ,don ,antonio da ,pisa1 !n g5]al (
 ! congregation ( ,camaldoli1 ,i saw a v
 beautiful crucifix1 on a gold gr\nd1 by
 ,giotto1 ) 8 signature4 ,i am in=m$ by 
! ,rev4 ,don ,silvano ,razza1 a         
,camaldolian monk1 t ?is crucifix is n[ 
9 ! cell ( ! pr9cipal1 :]e x is treasur$
 = its au?or's sake z a mo/ preci\s ?+1 
toge!r ) a v beautiful little picture by
 ! h& ( ,raphael ( ,urb9o4  ,= !        

,umiliati bre?r5 ( ,ognissanti at       
,flor5ce ,giotto pa9t$ a *apel & f\r    
pictures1 "o ( !m repres5t+ ,our ,lady  
surr\nd$ by a numb] ( angels1 ) ! *ild  
at h] neck1 on a l>ge crucifix ( wood1 !
 design ( :i* 0 subsequ5tly copi$ by    
,puccio ,capanna1 & reproduc$ 9 e "p (  
,italy1 = he closely foll[$ ,giotto's   
/yle4 ,:5 ?is "w ( ! ,lives 0 pr9t$ = ! 
fir/ "t1 ! scre5 ( t *ur* conta9$ a     
picture pa9t$ 9 temp]a by ,giotto1      
repres5t+ ! dea? ( ,our ,lady1 surr\nd$ 
by ! apo/les1 :ile ,*ri/ receives h] s\l
 into ,8 arms4 ,! "w has be5 mu* prais$ 
by arti/s1 & especially by ,mi*elagnolo 
,buon>otti :o decl>$1 z is relat$       
else:]e1 t x 0 n possible to repres5t   
?is sc5e 9 a m reali/ic mann]4 ,?is     
picture1 be+ z ,i say held 9 great      
e/eem1 has be5 c>ri$ away s9ce !        
publication ( ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1  
by "o :o may possibly h act$ f love (   
art & rev]5ce = ! "w1 :i* may h seem$ !n
 to be too little valu$1 & :o ?us f     
motives ( pity %[$ himself pitiless1 z  

our poet says4 ,x is c]ta9ly a m>vel t  
,giotto %\ld h produc$ su* beautiful    
pa9t+s 9 ^? times1 especially :5 x is   
consid]$ t he may 9 a c]ta9 s5se be said
 to h le>n$ ! art )\t a ma/]4  ,aft] ^! 
?+s1 9 ! ye> #accd1 on ! n9? day (      
,july1 he began "w on ! campanile ( ,s4 
,m>ia del ,fiore1 ! f\ndations ( :i* 7  
laid on a surface ( l>ge /ones1 aft] !  
gr\nd _h be5 dug out to a dep? ( #bj    
braccia1 ! mat]ials excavat$ be+ wat] & 
gravel4 ,on ?is surface he laid #ab     
braccia ( concrete1 ! rema9+ #h braccia 
be+ fill$ up ) masonry4 ,9 !            
inauguration ( ?is "w ! bi%op ( ! city  
took "p1 lay+ ! fir/ /one ) great       
c]emonial 9 ! pres5ce ( all ! cl]gy &   
magi/rates4 ,z ! "w 0 proce$+ on its    
orig9al plan1 :i* 0 9 ! ,g]man /yle 9   
use at ! "t1 ,giotto design$ all !      
subjects compris$ 9 ! ornam5tation1 &   
m>k$ out ) great c>e ! di/ribution ( !  
black1 :ite1 & r$ col\rs 9 ! arrangem5t 
( ! /ones & l9es4 ,! circuit ( ! t[] at 
! base 0 #ajj braccia1 or #be braccia on

 ea* side1 & ! height #add braccia4 ,if 
:at ,lor5zo di ,cione ,gib]ti has writt5
 be true1 & ,i mo/ firmly believe x1    
,giotto n only made ! model ( ?is       
campanile1 b also execut$ "s ( ! m>ble  
sculptures 9 relief1 :i* repres5t !     
orig9 ( all ! arts4 ,lor5zo ass]ts t he 
_h se5 models 9 relief by ! h& (        
,giotto1 & p>ticul>ly ^? ( ^! works1 &  
?is may readily be cr$it$1 s9ce design &
 inv5tion are ! fa!r & "m ( all ! f9e   
arts1 & n ( "o only4 ,accord+ to        
,giotto's model1 ! campanile %\ld h     
receiv$ a po9t$ top or quadrangul>      
pyramid ov] ! exi/+ /ructure1 #ej       
braccia 9 height1 b because x 0 a ,g]man
 ?+1 & 9 an old-fa%ion$ /yle1 mod]n     
ar*itects h always disc\nt5anc$ its     
con/ruction1 consid]+ ! build+ to be    
bett] z x is4 ,= all ^! ?+s ,giotto     
receiv$ ! citiz5%ip ( ,flor5ce1 9       
addition to a p5sion ( "o hundr$ gold   
flor9s ye>ly f ! ,commune ( ,flor5ce1 a 
great ?+ 9 ^? days4 ,he 0 also appo9t$  
director ( ! "w :i* 0 c>ri$ on aft] him 

by ,taddeo ,gaddi1 z he did n live long 
en\gh to see its completion4  ,:ile !   
campanile 0 9 progress1 ,giotto made a  
picture = ! nuns ( ,s4 ,giorgio1 & ?ree 
half-l5g? figures 9 ! ,badia ( ,flor5ce1
 9 an ar* ov] ! doorway inside1 n[      
:itewa%$ ov] to light5 ! *ur*4 ,9 !     
great hall ( ! pode/a at ,flor5ce1 he   
pa9t$ a repres5tation ( ! ,commune1 :i* 
has be5 appropriat$ by _m p4 ,! figure  
repres5ts a judge1 seat$ ) a sceptre 9 8
 h&1 ov] ^: head are ! scales1 equally  
pois$ to indicate ! j measures met$ out 
by him1 :ile he is assi/$ by f\r        
,virtues1 ,=titude ) ! s\l1 ,prud5ce ) !
 laws1 ,ju/ice ) arms1 & ,temp]ance )   
words2 a f9e pa9t+1 & an appropriate &  
plausible idea4  ,giotto made a second  
visit to ,padua1 :]e besides pa9t+ a    
numb] ( *apels & o!r ?+s1 he execut$ a  
fam\s s]ies ( pictures 9 ! place ( !    
,ar5a1 :i* br\ght him mu* hon\r & pr(it4
 ,9 ,milan also he left a few ?+s :i*   
are scatt]$ ab\t ! city1 & :i* are      
consid]$ v beautiful to ?is day4 ,at    

l5g?1 %ortly aft] 8 return f ,milan1 he 
r5d]$ 8 s\l to ,god 9 ! ye> #accf1 to ! 
great grief ( all 8 fell[-citiz5s1 & (  
all ^? :o _h kn[n him or ev5 he>d 8 "n1 
= he _h produc$ s _m beautiful works 9 8
 life1 & 0 z good a ,*ri/ian z he 0 an  
excell5t pa9t]4 ,he 0 buri$ ) hon\r1 z 8
 wor? des]v$1 = 9 8 life he 0 belov$ by 
ev]yone1 & especially by di/+ui%$ m5 ( e
 pr(ession4 ,besides ,dante1 ( :om we h 
spok5 above1 he & 8 works 7 highly      
e/eem$ by ,petr>*1 :o 9 8 w left to     
,signor ,francesco da ,c>r>a1 "l (      
,padua1 among o!r ?+s :i* 7 held 9 !    
greate/ v5]ation1 a ,madonna by         
,giotto's h&1 z a r>e ?+1 & ! gift mo/  
wor?y to be (f]$ to him4 ,! words ( ?is 
"p ( ! w ran ?us3--,transeo ad          
dispositionem ali>um r]um2 et pr$icto   
igitur dom9o meo ,paduano1 quia et ipse 
p] ,dei gratiam nan eget1 et ego nihil  
aliud habeo dignum se1 mitto tabulam    
meam sive hi/oriam ,beat ,vlrg9is       
,m>iae1 op]is ,jocti pictoris egregii1  
qu mihi ab amico meo ,mi*aele ,vannis de

 ,flor5tia missa e/1 9 cujus            
pul*ritud9em ignorantes non intelligunt1
 magi/ri autem artis /up5t3 hanc iconem 
ipsi dom9o lego1 ut ipsa  ,virgo b5$icta
 sibi sit propitia apud filium suum     
,jesum ,*ri/um1 c4 ,x 0 ,petr>* also :o 
said ! foll[+ words 9 ! fif? book ( 8   
,famili>i writt5  to 8 intimate fri5ds3 
,atquc 7ut a vet]ibus ad nova1 ab       
ext]nis ad no/ra transgr$i>7 duos ego   
novi pictores egregios1 nec =mosos1     
,jottum ,flor5t9orum civem1 cujus int]  
mod]nos fama urg5s e/1 et ,simonem      
,san5sem4 ,novi scultores aliquot1 c4   
,giotto 0 buri$ 9 ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 
on ! left h& z "o ent]s ! *ur*1 :]e a   
:ite m>ble slab is set up to ! memory ( 
?is great man4 ,z ,i rem>k$ 9 ! life (  
,cimabue1 a contempor>y comm5tator (    
,dante said3 ,giotto 01 & is ! *ief     
among ! pa9t]s 9 t same city ( ,flor5ce1
 z 8 works 9 ,rome1 ,naples1 ,avignon1  
,flor5ce1 ,padua1 & _m o!r p>ts ( ! _w  
te/ify4  ,giotto's pupils 7 ,taddeo     
,gaddi1 8 godson z ,i  h already said1 &

 ,puccio ,capanna1 a ,flor5t9e1 :o pa9t$
 = ! ,dom9ican *ur* ( ,s4 ,cataldo at   
,rim9i a mo/ p]fect fresco repres5t+ a  
%ip app>5tly ab\t to s9k1 :ile ! m5 are 
?r[+ _! goods into ! wat]4 ,puccio has  
"h portray$ himself 9 ! mid/ ( !        
sailors4 ,aft] ,giotto's dea?1 ! same   
arti/ pa9t$ a numb] ( ?+s 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4
 ,francesco at ,assisi1 & = ! *apel ( ! 
,/rozzi1 beside ! door on ! riv] front (
 ! *ur* ( ,tr9ita he did 9 fresco a     
coronation ( ! ,virg9 ) a *oir ( angels1
 9 :i* he foll[$ ,giotto's /yle r       
closely1 :ile on ! side walls are "s v  
well execut$ sc5es f ! life ( ,/ ,lucy4 
,9 ! ,badia ( ,flor5ce he pa9t$ ! *apel 
( ,s4 ,giovanni ,evangeli/a ( ! family (
 ! ,covoni1 :i* is next to ! sacri/y4   
,at ,pi/oia he did frescoes 9 ! pr9cipal
 *apel ( ,s4 ,francesco1 & ! *apel ( ,s4
 ,ludovico1 ) sc5es f ! lives ( ! patron
 sa9ts1 :i* are v tol]able productions4 
,9 ! middle ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico 9 ! 
same city is a crucifix ) a ,madonna &  
,/ ,john1 execut$ ) mu* s(tness1 & at ! 

feet an entire human skeleton1 an       
unusual ?+ at t "t1 :i* %[s t ,puccio _h
 made ef=ts to und]/& ! pr9ciples ( 8   
art4 ,?is "w conta9s 8 "n1 writt5 aft]  
?is fa%ion3 ,puccio di ,fior5za me      
,fece4 ,9 ! same *ur*1 9 ! tympanum     
above ! door ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,nuova are ?ree
 half-l5g? figures1--,our ,lady1 ) !    
,*ild on h] arm1 ,/ ,pet] on ! "o side &
 ,/ ,francis on ! o!r1 by ! same arti/4 
,9 ! l[] *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco at       
,assisi he fur!r pa9t$ 9 fresco "s sc5es
 f ! passion ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 )          
consid]able skill & mu* vig\r1 & 9 !    
*apel ( ,s4 ,m>ia degli ,angeli ( t *ur*
 he execut$ 9 fresco a ,*ri/ 9 glory1 ) 
! ,virg91 :o is int]c$+ ) ,him =        
,*ri/ian p1 a "w ( consid]able m]it1 b  
mu* smok$ by ! lamps & c&les :i* are    
always burn+ !re 9 great quantity4 ,9   
tru?1 s f> z "o c judge1 al?\gh ,puccio 
adopt$ ! /yle & me?ods ( 8 ma/] ,giotto1
 yet he did n make suffici5t use ( !m 9 
8 works1 al?\gh1 z "s ass]t1 he did n   
live long1 b sick5$ & di$ ?r\gh work+   

too mu* 9 fresco4 ,8 h& may also be     
recognis$ 9 ! *apel ( ,/ ,m>t9 9 ! same 
*ur*1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! sa9t1 done 9 fresco
 = ! ,c>d9al ,g5tile4 ,9 ! middle ( a   
/reet call$ ,portica may also be se5 a  
,*ri/ at ! ,column1 & a picture ( ,our  
,lady betwe5 ,/ ,ca!r9e & ,/ ,cl>e4 ,8  
works are scatt]$ ab\t 9 _m o!r places1 
su* z ,bologna1 :]e !re is a picture ( !
 passion ( ,*ri/ 9 ! transept ( ! *ur*1 
& sc5es f ! life ( ,/ ,francis1 besides 
o!r ?+s :i* ,i omit = ! sake ( brevity4 
,b at ,assisi1 :]e ! majority ( 8 works 
are1 & :]e ,i believe he help$ ,giotto  
to pa9t1 ,i f\nd t !y consid] him to be 
a fell[-citiz51 & !re are "s memb]s ( ! 
family ( ! ,capanni 9 t city to ?is day4
 ,f ?is we may ga!r t he 0 born 9       
,flor5ce1 s9ce he himself wrote t he 0 a
 pupil ( ,giotto1 b t he took 8 wife f  
,assisi1 & _h *ildr5 !re1 ^: desc5dants 
/ill inhabit ! t[n4 ,b ?is matt] is ( v 
slight importance1 & x is en\gh to "k t 
he 0 a skilful ma/]4 ,ano!r pupil (     
,giotto1 & a v skilful pa9t] 0          

,ottaviano da ,fa5za1 :o pa9t$ _m ?+s 9 
,s4 ,giorgio at ,f]r>a1 a conv5t ( !    
monks ( ,monte ,oliveto4 ,9 ,fa5za1 :]e 
he liv$ & di$1 he pa9t$ 9 ! tympanum    
above ! door ( ,s4 ,francesco1 ,our     
,lady & ,/ ,pet] & ,/ ,paul1 & _m o!r   
?+s 9 8 own c\ntry & at ,bologna4       
,ano!r pupil 0 ,pace di ,fa5za1 :o 0 (t5
 ) 8 ma/]1 & help$ him 9 _m ?+s4 ,at    
,bologna !re are "s sc5es 9 fresco by 8 
h& on ! outside front ( ,s4 ,giovanni   
,decollato4 ,?is ,pace 0 a clev] arti/1 
especially 9 pa9t+ small figures1 z may 
be se5 to-day 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco 
at ,=li1 9 a tree ( ! cross & 9 a panel 
9 temp]a conta9+ ! life ( ,*ri/1 & f\r  
small subjects f ! life ( ,our ,lady1   
:i* are all v well execut$4 ,x is said t
 he execut$ 9 fresco = ! *apel ( ,/     
,an?ony at ,assisi1 "s sc5es f ! life ( 
t sa9t = a duke ( ,spoleto1 :o is buri$ 
!re ) a son4 ,^! two pr9ces _h be5 kill$
 :ile fight+ 9 ! suburbs ( ,assisi1 z   
may be se5 by a long inscription on !   
s>cophagus ( _! tomb4 ,! old book ( !   

company ( pa9t]s records t "o           
,francesco1 call$ ( ,ma/] ,giotto1 0    
ano!r pupil ( ! ma/]1 b ,i "k no?+ m    
ab\t him4  ,yet ano!r pupil ( ,giotto 0 
,guglielmo da ,=li1 :o1 besides _m o!r  
works1 pa9t$ ! *apel ( ! high alt> = ,s4
 ,dom5ico at ,=li1 8 native place4 ,o!r 
pupils 7 ,pietro ,laureati1 ,simone     
,memmi ( ,si5a1 ,/efano ( ,flor5ce1 &   
,pietro ,cavall9i ( ,rome4 ,b z ,i int5d
 to deal fully ) ^! 9 _! lives1 ,i %all 
cont5t myself "h ) simply say+ t !y 7   
pupils ( ,giotto4 ,t ! ma/] drew        
extremely well = 8 day may be se5 on a  
numb] ( p>*m5ts conta9+ "s wat] col\rs1 
p5 & ink draw+s1 *i>oscuros ) ! lights 9
 :ite1 by 8 h&1 9 our book ( designs1   
:i* are truly m>vell\s :5 comp>$ ) ^? ( 
! ma/]s :o prec$$ him1 & af=d a good    
example ( 8 /yle4  ,z has be5 said1     
,giotto 0 a v witty & pleasant p]son1 v 
ready 9 spee*1 _m ( 8 say+s be+ /ill    
fre% 9 ! memory ( 8 fell[-citiz5s4      
,besides ! "o relat$ by ,m4 ,giovanni   
,boccaccio1 sev]al v good /ories are    

told by ,franco ,sac*etti 9 8 ,?ree     
,hundr$ ,tales4 ,i give "o 9 ! au?or's  
own words1 because x conta9s _m         
expressions & phrases *>act]i/ic ( ! "t4
 ,! rubric ( ?is "o runs3 ,giotto1 !    
great pa9t]1 is reque/$ by a p]son ( l[ 
bir? to pa9t 8 buckl]4 ,mak+ a je/ ( !  
matt]1 he pa9ts x s z to cov] !         
applicant ) confusion4  ,,tale ,,lxiii4 
,e "o mu/ h he>d ( ,giotto1 & h[ z a    
pa9t] he surpass$ all o!rs4 ,8 fame came
 to ! e>s ( a rude artizan1 :o1 hav+ to 
d s]vice 9 "s ca/le1 want$ 8 buckl]     
pa9t$4 ,accord+ly he pres5t$ himself    
abruptly at ,giotto's work%op1 ) a man  
to c>ry ! buckl] beh9d him4 ,he f\nd    
,giotto 91 & began3 ,god save !e1 ,ma/]1
 ,i want to h my arms pa9t$ on ?is      
buckl]4 ,giotto took /ock ( ! man & 8   
mann]s1 b he said no?+ except ,:5 d y   
want x1 & ! man told him4 ,leave x to   
me1 said ,giotto1 & ! man dep>t$4 ,:5   
,giotto 0 alone he reflect$3 ,:at is !  
mean+ ( ?is8 ,has someone s5t him "h to 
play a trick on me8 ,be t z x may1 no "o

 has ev] be=e br\ght me a buckl] to     
pa9t4 ,& ! fell[ :o br\ght x is a simple
 creature1 & asks me to pa9t 8 arms z if
 he 0 ( ! royal h\se ( ,france4         
,decid$ly ,i %all h to make him "s new  
arms4 ,reflect+ ?us ) himself he sat d[n
 be=e ! buckl]1 & hav+ design$ :at he   
?\ght prop]1 he call$ a pupil & told him
 to complete ! pa9t+ ( x1 :i* he        
accord+ly did4 ,! pa9t+ repres5t$ a     
light helmet1 a gorget1 a pair ( arm    
pieces1 a pair ( iron gauntlets1 a pair 
( cuirasses1 a pair ( cuisses &         
gambadoes1 a sword1 a knife1 & a lance4 
,:5 ! wor?y man return$1 :o knew no?+ ( 
all ?is1 he came up & said3 ,ma/]1 is ! 
buckl] f9i%$4 ,oh yes1 said ,giotto1 g y
 & br+ x "h4 ,:5 x arriv$ ?is g5tleman  
by proxy look$ h>d at x & said to       
,giotto3 ,:at rubbi% h y pa9t$ "h8 ,w y 
?9k x rubbi% to pay = x8 said ,giotto4  
,i won't pay y f\r d5i]s1 said ! man4   
,:at did y ask me to pa9t8 ask$ ,giotto4
 ,my arms1 repli$ ! man4 ,well1 said    
,giotto1 are !y n "h1 are any want+8 ,t 

is  s1 said ! man4 ,a plague on y1 said 
,giotto1 y mu/ ne$s be v simple4 ,if    
anyone ask$ y :o y 7 y w\ld be at a loss
 to tell him1 & yet y come "h & say1    
'pa9t me my arms4' ,if y _h be5 "o ( !  
,b>di1 well & good1 b :at arms d y be>8 
,:]e d y come f8 ,:o 7 y\r ance/ors8    
,beg9 at lea/ by com+ into ! _w be=e y  
talk ( arms z if y 7 ! ,dusnam (        
,bav>ia4 ,i h repres5t$ all y\r arms on 
! buckl]1 & if y h any m tell me & ,i w 
h !m pa9t$4 ,y h giv5 me r\gh words1    
said ! man1 & spoilt my buckl]4 ,he !n  
dep>t$ to ! ju/ice1 & procur$ a summons 
aga9/ ,giotto4 ,! latt] appe>$1 & on 8  
side issu$ a summons aga9/ ! man = two  
flor9s1 z ! price ( ! pa9t+4 ,:5 !      
magi/rates _h he>d ! argum5ts1 :i* 7 mu*
 bett] advanc$ on ,giotto's side1 !y    
adjudg$ t ! man %\ld take away 8 buckl]1
 & give six lire to ,giotto1 because he 
0 9 ! "r4 ,accord+ly ! ru/ic took 8     
buckl]1 paid ! money1 & 0 all[$ to g4   
,?us ?is man1 :o did n "k 8 place1 _h x 
po9t$ out to him1 & may ?is befall all  

su* fell[s :o wi% to h arms & f\nd      
h\ses1 & ^: antec$5ts h (t5 be5 pick$ up
 at ! f\ndl+ hospitals6  ,x is said t   
:ile ,giotto 0 /ill a boy1 & ) ,cimabue1
 he once pa9t$ a fly on ! nose ( a      
figure :i* ,cimabue _h made1 s naturally
 t :5 8 ma/] turn$ r\nd to g on ) 8 "w1 
he m ?an once attempt$ to drive ! fly   
away ) 8 h&1 believ+ x to be real1 be=e 
he became aw>e ( 8 mi/ake4 ,i c\ld tell 
_m m ( ,giotto's practical jokes1 &     
relate _m ( 8 %>p retorts1 b ,i wi% to  
conf9e myself to ! ?+s :i* conc]n !     
arts1 & ,i mu/ leave ! re/ to ,franco & 
! o!rs4  ,9 conclusion1 9 ord] t ,giotto
 %\ld n be )\t a memorial1 9 addition to
 ! works :i* came f 8 h&1 & to ! notices
 left by ! writ]s ( 8 day1 s9ce x 0 he  
:o f\nd once aga9 ! true me?od ( pa9t+1 
:i* _h be5 lo/ _m ye>s be=e 8 "t1 x 0   
decre$ by public ord] t 8 bu/ 9 m>ble1  
execut$ by ,b5$etto da ,maiano1 an      
,excell5t sculptor1 %\ld be plac$ 9 ,s4 
,m>ia del ,fiore4 ,?is 0 due to !       
activity & zeal display$ by ,lor5zo dei 

,m$ici1 ! ,magnific5t1 ! eld]1 :o       
greatly admir$ ,giotto's tal5ts4 ,!     
foll[+ v]ses by t div9e man1 ,mess]     
,angelo ,poliziano1 7 inscrib$ on !     
monum5t1 s t all m5 :o excell$ 9 any    
pr(ession :atev]1 might hope to e>n su* 
a memorial1 :i* ,giotto1 = 8 "p1 _h mo/ 
ri*ly des]v$ & e>n$3       ,ille ego    
sum1 p] quem pictura ext9cta revixit1   
,cui quam recta manus4 tam fuit et      
facilis4      ,naturae de]at no/rae1    
quod defait arti3      ,plus licuit     
nulli p+]e1 nec melius4      ,mir>is    
turrim egregiam sacro a]e sonantem8     
,haec quoque de modulo crevit ad a/ra   
meo4      ,d5ique sum ,jottus1 quid opus
 fuit illa ref]re8      ,hoc nom5 longi 
c>m9is in/> erit4  ,& 9 ord] t ^? :o    
come aft] may see by ,giotto's own      
designs ! nature ( ! excell5ce ( ?is    
great man1 !re are "s magnific5t        
specim5s 9 my book1 :i* ,i h collect$ ) 
great c>e z well z ) mu* tr\ble &       
exp5se4     ,ago/9o & ,agnolo1          
,sculptors & ,ar*itects ( ,si5a4        

,among ! o!rs :o work$ 9 ! s*ool ( !    
sculptors ,giovanni & ,niccola ,pisani 7
 ,ago/9o & ,agnolo1 sculptors ( ,si5a1  
^: lives we are n[ writ+1 & :o a*iev$   
great success accord+ to ! /&>d ( ! "t4 
,i h discov]$ t _! fa!r & "m 7 bo?      
,si5ese1 & _! antec$5ts 7 ar*itects1 = !
 ,fontebr&a 0 complet$ by !m 9 ! ye>    
#aaij1 "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! ?ree ,consols1 
& 9 ! foll[+ ye> !y f\nd$ ! ,cu/om ,h\se
 & o!r build+s ( ,si5a1 "u ! same       
consul%ip4 ,inde$ x is (t5 se5 t :]e !  
se$s ( tal5t h exi/$ = a long "t !y (t5 
g]m9ate & put =? %oots s t !y aft]w>ds  
produce great] & bett] fruit ?an ! fir/ 
plants _h done4 ,?us ,ago/9o & ,agnolo  
add$ _m improvem5ts to ! /yle (         
,giovanni & ,niccola ,pisani1 & enri*$  
art ) bett] designs & inv5tions1 z _!   
works cle>ly %[4 ,x is said t :5        
,giovanni ,pisano return$ to ,pisa f    
,naples 9 ! ye> #abhd1 he /opp$ at ,si5a
 to design & f\nd ! faade ( ! ,duomo1   
:]e ! ?ree pr9cipal doors are1 s t x    
%\ld be entirely adorn$ ) m>ble4 ,x 0 !n

 t ,ago/9o1 :o 0 n m ?an fifte5 ye>s (  
age at ! "t1 associat$ ) him 9 ord] to  
/udy sculpture1 ( :i* he _h le>n$ ! fir/
 pr9ciples1 be+ no less attract$ by t   
art ?an by ar*itecture4 ,"u ,giovanni's 
in/ruction & by means ( unremitt+ /udy  
he surpass$ all 8 fell[-pupils 9 design1
 grace & /yle1 s t ev]yone rem>k$ t he 0
 8 ma/]'s "r eye4 ,& because x is       
natural to desire = ^? :om "o loves     
beyond all o!r gifts ( nature1 m9d or   
=tune1 t quality ( wor? :i* alone r5d]s 
m5 great & noble 9 ?is life & bless$ 9 !
 next1 ,ago/9o took advantage (         
,giovanni's pres5ce to secure ! same    
advantages = 8 y\ng] bro!r ,agnolo2 nor 
0 if v difficult to d s1 = ! practice   
already enjoy$ by ,agnolo ) ,ago/9o & ! 
o!r sculptors1 & ! hon\r & b5efits :i*  
he p]ceiv$ c\ld be ga9$ f ?is art1 _h s 
inflam$ him ) a desire to take up ! /udy
 ( sculpture1 t he _h already made a few
 ?+s 9 secret be=e ! idea _h occurr$ to 
,ago/9o4 ,! eld] bro!r 0 engag$ )       
,giovanni 9 mak+ ! m>ble reliefs = !    

high alt> ( ! ,vescovado ( ,arezzo1 :i* 
has be5 m5tion$ above1 & he succe$$ 9   
secur+ ! co-op]ation ( ,agnolo 9 t "w1  
:o did s well1 t :5 x 0 complet$1 x 0   
f\nd t he _h surpass$ ,ago/9o 9         
excell5ce4 ,:5 ?is became kn[n to       
,giovanni1 he employ$ bo? bro!rs 9 _m   
o!r works und]tak5 by him subsequ5tly 9 
,pi/oia1 ,pisa1 & o!r places4 ,& because
 ,ago/9o practis$ ar*itecture z well z  
sculpture1 x 0 n long be=e he design$ a 
palace 9 ,malborghetto = ! ,n9e :o !n   
rul$ 9 ,si5a1 t is to say1 9 ! ye>      
#acjh4 ,! execution ( ?is "w won !      
bro!rs su* a reputation 9 _! native     
place1 t1 :5 !y return$ to ,si5a aft] ! 
dea? ( ,giovanni1 !y 7 bo? appo9t$      
ar*itects ( ! ,/ate1 s t 9 ! ye> #acag !
 nor? front ( ! ,duomo 0 made "u _!     
direction1 & 9 #acba ! build+ ( ! wall (
 ! porta ,romana1 !n kn[n z ! porta ,s4 
,m>t9o1 0 begun f _! plans 9 its pres5t 
/yle1 be+ f9i%$ 9 #acbf4 ,!y re/or$ !   
,tufi ,gate1 orig9ally call$ ! ,gate (  
,s4 ,agata all ,arco1 & 9 ! same ye> !  

*ur* & conv5t ( ,s4 ,francesco 7 begun f
 _! design1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! c>d9al (    
,gaeta1 ! papal legate4 ,n long aft]w>ds
 ,ago/9o & ,agnolo 7 invit$ by means (  
"s ( ! ,tolomei :o 7 /ay+ 9 exile at    
,orvieto1 to make "s sculptures = ! "w (
 ,s4 ,m>ia 9 t city4 ,go+ ?i!r !y made 9
 sculpture "s prophets :i* are n[ on !  
faade1 & are ! f9e/ & be/ proportion$   
p>ts ( t celebrat$ "w4 ,n[ 9 ! ye> #acbf
 x *anc$ t ,giotto 0 summon$ to ,naples 
by means ( ,*>les1 ,duke ( ,calabria1 :o
 0 !n /ay+ 9 ,flor5ce1 to d "s ?+s 9 ,s4
 ,*i>a & o!r places !re = ,k+ ,rob]t1 z 
has be5 relat$ 9 t ma/]'s life4 ,on 8   
way to ,naples ,giotto /opp$ at ,orvieto
 to see ! "w :i* _h be5 execut$ !re &   
:i* 0 /ill be+ c>ri$ on by s _m m51 wi%+
 to exam9e ev]y?+ m9utely4 ,b ! prophets
 ( ,ago/9o & ,agnolo ( ,si5a pleas$ him 
m ?an all ! o!r sculptures1 f :i*       
circum/ance x arose t ,giotto n only    
comm5d$ !m1 b c\nt$ !m among ! numb] ( 8
 fri5ds1 to _! great delight1 & fur!r   
recomm5d$ !m to ,pi]o ,saccone (        

,pietramala1 z ! be/ sculptors ( ! day1 
& ! be/ fitt$ to make ! tomb ( ,guido1 !
 "l & bi%op ( ,arezzo1 a matt] ref]r$ to
 9 ! life ( ,giotto4 ,?us ! fact t      
,giotto _h se5 ! "w ( _m sculptors at   
,orvieto & _h consid]$ t ( ,ago/9o &    
,agnolo ( ,si5a to be ! be/1 gave rise  
to _! be+ commission$ to make ?is tomb  
aft] 8 designs & 9 accordance ) ! model 
:i* he _h s5t to ,pi]o ,saccone4 ,!y    
f9i%$ ! tomb 9 ! space ( f\r ye>s1      
conduct+ ! "w ) great c>e1 & !y set x up
 9 ! *apel ( ! ,sacram5t 9 ! *ur* ( !   
,vescovado ( ,arezzo4 ,above !          
s>cophagus1 :i* re/s on brackets c>v$ 9 
a really admirable mann]1 is /ret*$ ! =m
 ( ! bi%op1 9 m>ble1 :ile at ! side are 
"s angels draw+ curta9s1 done )         
consid]able skill4 ,twelve squ>e panels 
conta9 sc5es ( ! life & acts ( ! bi%op 9
 an inf9ite numb] ( small figures c>v$ 9
 half-relief4 ,i d n ?9k x too mu*      
tr\ble to relate ! subjects ( ^! sc5es1 
s t x may appe> ) :at lab\r !y 7        
execut$1 & h[ ^! sculptors endeav\r$ to 

discov] ! good /yle by /udy4  ,! fir/   
%[s h[ ! bi%op1 aid$ by ! ,ghibell9e    
p>ty ( ,milan1 :o s5t him #djj masons & 
money1 entirely rebuilt ! wall (        
,arezzo1 l5g!n+ x m ?an x _h previ\sly  
be5 s t x took ! %ape ( a galley4 ,!    
second is ! tak+ ( ,lucignano di        
,valdi*iana2 ! ?ird1 t ( ,*iusi2 ! f\r?1
 t ( ,fronzoli1 a /rong ca/le ( t "t    
above ,poppi1 held by ! sons ( ! c\nt ( 
,battifolle4 ,! fif? conta9s ! f9al     
surr5d] to ! bi%op ( ! ca/le ( ,rond9e1 
aft] x _h be5 besieg$ by ! ,aret9es = _m
 mon?s4 ,! six? is ! capture ( ! ca/le  
del ,buc9e 9 ,vald>no4 ,! sev5? conta9s 
! /orm+ ( ! ,rocca di ,caprese1 :i*     
belong$ to ! ,c\nt ( ,rom5a1 aft] x _h  
be5 besieg$ = sev]al mon?s4 ,9 ! eigh? !
 bi%op is dismantl+ ! ca/le ( ,lat]9o1 &
 caus+ ! hill :i* rises above x to be   
cut 9 =m ( a cross1 s t x %\ld n be     
possible to make ano!r =tress !re4 ,!   
n9? repres5ts ! de/ruction & burn+ (    
,monte ,sansav9o & ! driv+ out ( all !  
inhabitants4 ,! elev5? conta9s ! bi%op's

 coronation1 ) a numb] ( ri*ly dress$   
soldi]s1 bo? horse & foot1 & ( o!r p4 ,!
 twelf? & la/ repres5ts ! bi%op be+     
c>ri$ by 8 m5 f ,mont5]o1 :]e he fell   
sick1 to ,massa1 & !nce1 aft] 8 dea?1 to
 ,arezzo4 ,9 _m places ab\t ! tomb are !
 ,ghibell9e insignia & ! bi%op's arms1  
:i* are six-squ>$ /ones or on a field   
azure1 foll[+ ! same arrangem5ts z ! six
 balls 9 ! arms ( ! ,m$ici4 ,^! arms ( !
 bi%op's h\se 7 describ$ by fri>        
,guittone1 knight & poet ( ,arezzo1 :5  
he wrote ( ! site ( ! ca/le (           
,pietramala1 :5ce ! family d]iv$ its    
orig91 9 ! l9es3          ,dove si      
scontra il ,giglion con la ,*iassa      
,ivi furon i miei antecessori1          
,*e 9 campo azzurro d'or portan sei     
sassa4  ,agnolo & ,ago/9o display$ m    
art1 inv5tion1 & dilig5ce 9 ?is "w ?an  
_h ev] be5 employ$ on any?+ be=e _! "t4 
,& inde$ !y des]ve ! highe/ praise1 hav+
 introduc$ into x s _m figures1 su* a   
v>iety ( l&scapes1 places1 t[ns1 horses1
 m51 & o!r ?+s1 t x is a v]itable m>vel4

 ,& al?\gh ! tomb has be5 almo/ entirely
 de/roy$ by ! ,fr5* ( ! ,duke ( ,anj\1  
:o sack$ ! great] "p ( ! city 9 rev5ge =
 "s injuries receiv$ by !m f _! enemies1
 yet x is /ill cle> t x 0 execut$ ) !   
mo/ excell5t judgm5t by ,ago/9o &       
,agnolo1 :o c>v$ on x 9 r l>ge lett]s3  
,hoc opus fecit magi/] ,augu/9us et     
magi/] ,angelus de ,s5is4 ,9 #acbi !y   
did a m>ble bas-relief = ! *ur* ( ,s4   
,francesco at ,bologna1 :i* is 9 a v    
fair mann]1 & besides !  c>v$           
ornam5tation1 :i* is v f9e1 !y introduc$
 figures a braccia & a half high1 (     
,*ri/ cr[n+ ,our ,lady1 ) ?ree simil>   
figures on ei!r side1 ,/ ,francis1 ,/   
,james1 ,/ ,dom5ic1 ,/ ,an?ony ( ,padua1
 ,/ ,petronio1 & ,/ ,john ! ,evangeli/1 
& "u ea* ( ^! figures is c>v$ 9         
bas-relief a sc5e f ! life ( ! sa9t     
above4 ,all ^! sc5es conta9 a great     
numb] ( half-l5g? figures1 :i* make a   
ri*  &  beautiful ornam5tation aft] !   
mann] ( ^? times4 ,x is v app>5t t      
,ago/9o & ,agnolo ?rew an imm5se am\nt (

 lab\r into ?is "w1 & t !y appli$ all _!
 c>e & k to make x wor?y ( praise1 z x  
truly 01 & ev5 n[ :5 x is half de/roy$1 
x is possible to read _! names & ! date1
 by means ( :i* & ( a k ( ! "t :5 !y    
began x1 "o may see t !y sp5t eight :ole
 ye>s ^u x1 al?\gh x is true t at !     
same  "t !y made _m o!r small ?+s 9     
diff]5t places = v>i\s p]sons4  ,n[ :ile
 !y 7 at "w at ,bologna1 t city gave    
itself freely to ! ,*ur*1 ?r\gh !       
m$iation ( ! papal legate1 & ! ,pope 9  
return promis$ t he & 8 c\rt w\ld g to  
live at ,bologna1 b t = 8 security he   
wi%$ to build a ca/le or =tress !re4    
,?is 0 grant$ by ! ,bolognese1 & ! ca/le
 0 quickly built "u ! direction & f !   
design ( ,ago/9o & ,agnolo2 b x _h a v  
%ort life1 = :5 ! ,bolognese discov]$ t 
all ! promises made by ! ,pope 7 va91 !y
 dismantl$ & de/roy$ x mu* m quickly ?an
 x _h be5 made4  ,x is said t :ile ^!   
two sculptors 7 /ay+ at ,bologna1 ! ,po 
impetu\sly bur/ its banks1 do+ incr$ible
 damage to ! t]ritories ( ,mantua &     

,f]r>a1 caus+ ! dea? ( m ?an t5 ?\s&    
p]sons1 & wa/+ ! c\ntry = miles ar\nd4  
,be+ clev] & wor?y m51 ! assi/ance (    
,ago/9o & ,agnolo 0 reque/$1 & !y       
succe$$ 9 f9d+ means ( r$uc+ t t]rible  
riv] to its b$1 & ( conf9+ x !re )      
dit*es & o!r effective rem$ies4 ,?is    
br\ght !m mu* praise & b5efit1 = besides
 ! fame :i* !y acquir$ !reby1 _! s]vices
 7 ackn[l$g$ by ! lords ( ,mantua & by !
 h\se ( ,e/e ) mo/ lib]al rew>ds4  ,:5  
!y next return$ to ,si5a 9 ! ye> #acch1 
! new *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia1 ne> ! old       
,duomo1 t[>ds ! piazza ,manetti1 0 made 
"u _! direction f _! design1 & n long   
aft]1 ! ,si5ese1 :o 7 greatly pleas$ )  
all ! works :i* !y execut$ = !m1 decid$ 
to seize ?is excell5t opportunity (     
c>ry+ into effect a plan :i* !y _h long 
discuss$1 b till !n )\t any result1     
namely1 ! erection ( a public f\nta9 on 
! pr9cipal piazza opposite ! palace ( ! 
,signoria4 ,! *>ge ( ?is und]tak+ 0     
entru/$ to ,ago/9o & ,agnolo1 & al?\gh x
 0 a matt] ( great difficulty !y br\ght 

wat] to ! f\nta9 by pipes made ( lead & 
e>?1 & ! fir/ jet ( wat] 0 ?r[n up on   
#a/ ,june #acdc1 to ! great delight &   
cont5tm5t ( all ! city1 :i* on ?is      
acc\nt 0 "u a great obligation to !     
tal5t ( ^! two citiz5s4 ,at ! same "t ! 
hall ( ! great] c\ncil 0 made 9 !       
,palazzo del ,pubblico1 & ! same arti/s 
direct$ & design$ ! build+ ( ! t[] ( t  
palace1 :i* !y complet$ 9 ! ye> #acdd1  
hang+ two great bells on x1 "o ( :i*    
came f ,grosseto1 :ile ! o!r 0 made at  
,si5a4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ,agnolo arriv$ at
 ,assisi1 :]e he made a *apel 9 ! l[]   
*ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco1 & a m>ble tomb = 
a bro!r ( ,napoleone ,ors9i1 a c>d9al & 
a ,franciscan fri>1 :o _h di$ 9 t place4
 ,ago/9o1 :o _h rema9$ at ,si5a 9 !     
s]vice ( ! ,/ate1 di$ :ile he 0 engag$  
^u ! designs = ! ornam5tation ( ! piazza
 f\nta91 m5tion$ above1 & 0 buri$ 9 !   
,duomo ) hon\r4 ,i h n be5 able to      
discov] h[ or :5 ,agnolo di$1 s t ,i c  
say no?+ ab\t x1 nor d ,i "k ( any o!r  
works ( importance by 8 h&1 & s ?is is !

 end ( _! lives4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be an  
error1 z ,i am foll[+ a ,*ronological   
ord]1 n to make m5tion ( "s1 :o1 al?\gh 
!y h n done ?+s :i* w\ld ju/ify a       
n>ration ( _! :ole life1 h nev]!less 9  
"s measure add$ ?+s ( utility & beauty  
to art & to ! _w4 ,!re=e 9 connection ) 
! m5tion made above ( ! ,vescovado &    
,pieve ( ,arezzo1 let me "h relate t    
,pietro & ,paolo1 goldsmi?s ( ,arezzo1  
:o le>n$ design f ,agnolo & ,ago/9o (   
,si5a1 7 ! fir/ :o execut$ great works (
 any excell5ce ) ! *isel2 = !y made = ! 
head prie/ ( ! ,pieve ( ,arezzo a silv] 
head ( life-size1 9 :i* 0 put ! head (  
,/ ,donato1 bi%op & protector ( t city1 
a "w :i* 0 c]ta9ly praisewor?y1 if only 
because !y introduc$ into x "s figures 9
 enamel1 :i* 71 z ,i h said1 among !    
fir/ ?+s execut$ ) ! *isel4  ,ab\t !    
same "t1 or %ortly be=e1 ! art ( !      
,calim>a at ,flor5ce1 entru/$ to ,ma/]  
,cione1 an excell5t goldsmi?1 ! great]  
"p1 if n ! :ole1 ( ! silv] alt> ( ,s4   
,giovanni ,bati/a1 :i* conta9s _m sc5es 

f ! life ( t sa9t1 engrav$ 9 a v        
cr$itable mann] on a silv] plate4 ,?is  
"w1 on acc\nt ( its dim5sions1 & !      
novelty ( its execution1 0 consid]$     
m>vell\s by ev]yone :o saw x4 ,! same   
,ma/] ,cione1 9 #accj1 :5 ! body ( ,/   
,z5obius 0 f\nd "u ! vaults ( ,/        
,rep>ata1 plac$ 9 a silv] head (        
life-size1 ! piece ( ! head ( t sa9t :i*
 is /ill pres]v$ !re91 & is c>ri$ 9     
procession4 ,?is head 0 consid]$ a mo/  
beautiful ?+ at ! "t1 & br\ght mu*      
reputation to ! arti/1 :o di$ soon aft]1
 a weal?y man1 & held 9 high e/eem4     
,ma/] ,cione left _m pupils1 & among    
o!rs1 ,=zore di ,sp9ello ( ,arezzo1 :o  
did all mann] ( engrav+ excell5tly1 b 0 
especially good 9 mak+ sc5es 9 enamel on
 silv]1 su* z may be se5 9 ! ,vescovado 
at ,arezzo1 = :i* he made a mitre ) a   
beautiful bord] ( enamel1 & a f9e       
pa/oral /aff 9 silv]4 ,he also execut$  
_m ?+s 9 silv] = ! ,c>d9al ,galeotto da 
,pietramala1 :o bequea!d !m to ! fri>s (
 la ,v]nia1 :]e he wi%$ to be buri$1 &  

:]e1 besides ! wall1 :i* ! ,c\nt ,orl&o1
 "l ( ,*iusi1 a small ca/le bel[ la     
,v]nia1 _h caus$ to be set up1 he built 
! *ur* & _m rooms 9 ! conv5t1 & all ?is 
)\t leav+ any notice or o!r memorial (  
himself 9 any "p ( t place4 ,ano!r pupil
 ( ,ma/] ,cione 0 ,lion>do di ,s]       
,giovanni ( ,flor5ce1 :o execut$ a numb]
 ( works ) ! *isel & ) sold]1 ) a bett] 
design ?an ^? :o prec$$ him1 especially 
! alt> & silv] bas-reliefs ( ,s4 ,jacopo
 at ,pi/oia1 :]e1 beside a l>ge numb] ( 
subjects1 ! half-l5g? figure ( ,/       
,james1 m ?an a braccia high1 is mu*    
admir$4 ,x is 9 full relief1 & f9i%$ )  
su* elaboration1 t x seems to h be5 ca/ 
r ?an engrav$4 ,! figure is plac$ 9 !   
mid/ ( ! sc5es ( ! alt> table1 ab\t :i* 
runs a leg5d 9 lett]s ( enamel3    ,ad  
honorem ,dei et ,s4 ,jacobi ,apo/oli1   
hoc opus factum fuit tempore   ,dom9i   
,franc4 ,pagni dictae op]ae op]>ii sub  
anno #acga p] me   ,leon>dum ,s] ,jo4 de
 ,flor54 aurific4  ,n[ to return to     
,ago/9o & ,agnolo1 !y _h _m pupils :o   

produc$ _m works aft] !m 9 ar*itecture &
 sculpture 9 ,lomb>dy & o!r places 9    
,italy4 ,among !m 0 ,jacopo ,lanfrani ( 
,v5ice1 :o f\nd$ ,s4 ,francesco (       
,imola1 & execut$ ! sculptures = !      
pr9cipal door1 :]e he c>v$ 8 "n & !     
date1 #acdc2 = ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico at 
,bologna ! same ,ma/] ,jacopo made a    
m>ble tomb = ,gio4 ,&rea ,caldu9o1      
doctor ( law & secret>y ( ,pope ,clem5t 
,,vi41 & ano!r v well execut$ also 9    
m>ble & 9 ! same *ur* = ,taddeo         
,peppoli1 protector ( ! p & ( ju/ice at 
,bologna4 ,9 ! same ye>1 t is to say 9  
#acdg1 aft] ! completion ( ?is tomb1 or 
%ortly be=e1 ,ma/] ,jacopo return$ to 8 
native ,v5ice & !re f\nd$ ! *ur* ( ,s4  
,antonio1 :i* 0 orig9ally ( wood1 at !  
reque/ ( a ,flor5t9e abbot ( ! anci5t   
family ( ! ,abati1 ,m4 ,&rea ,d&olo1 be+
 doge at ! "t4 ,?is *ur* 0 complet$ 9 ! 
ye> #acdi4  ,!n aga9 ,jacobello &       
,pietro ,paolo1 ,v5etians1 :o 7 pupils (
 ,ago/9o & ,agnolo1 erect$ 9 ,s4        
,dom5ico at ,bologna a m>ble tomb = ,m4 

,giovanni da ,lignano1 doctor ( laws1 9 
! ye> #achc4 ,all ^! & _m o!r sculptors 
cont9u$ = a long space ( "t to employ ! 
same mann]1 s t !y fill$ all ,italy )   
examples ( x4 ,x is fur!r believ$ t !   
native ( ,pes>o1 :o besides _m o!r ?+s  
did ! door ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico 9 8  
native t[n1 ) ! ?ree m>ble figures (    
,god ! ,fa!r1 ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/   
,m>k1 0 a pupil ( ,ago/9o & ,agnolo1 & !
 /yle ( ! "w gives col\r to !           
supposition4 ,?is "w 0 complet$ 9 ! ye> 
#ache4 ,b s9ce x w\ld take mu* too long 
to ent] into p>ticul>s ( ! works made 9 
?is /yle by _m ma/]s ( ! "t1 ,i w let   
:at ,i h said1 9 ?is g5]al way1 suffice1
 *iefly because !y h n ex]cis$ a great  
influ5ce ^u our arts4 ,yet ,i ?\ght x   
good to m5tion ^! m51 because ev5 if !y 
d n des]ve a long notice1 yet !y are n s
 insignificant z to be altoge!r pass$   
ov] 9 sil5ce4     ,/efano1 ,pa9t] (     
,flor5ce1 & ,ugol9o ( ,si5a4   ,/efano1 
pa9t] ( ,flor5ce & pupil ( ,giotto1 0 s 
excell5t t n only did he surpass all !  

arti/s :o _h /udi$ ! arts be=e him1 b he
 s f> surpass$ 8 ma/] himself t he 0    
des]v$ly consid]$ ! be/ ( ! pa9t]s up to
 t "t1 z 8 works cle>ly prove4 ,he pa9t$
 ! ,madonna 9 fresco = ! ,campo ,santo  
at ,pisa1 & x is some:at sup]ior 9      
design & col\r+ to ! "w ( ,giotto4 ,9 ! 
cloi/] ( ,s4 ,spirito at ,flor5ce he    
pa9t$ ?ree ar*es 9 fresco1 9 ! fir/ (   
:i*1 conta9+ ! ,transfiguration ) ,moses
 & ,elias1 he repres5t$ ! ?ree disciples
 9 f9e & /rik+ attitudes4 ,he has =m$ a 
f9e conception ( ! dazzl+ spl5d\r :i*   
a/oni%$ !m1 _! clo!s be+ 9 disord]1 &   
fall+ 9 new folds1 a ?+ fir/ se5 9 ?is  
picture1 z he tri$ to base 8 "w ^u !    
nude figures1 an idea :i* _h n occurr$  
to anyone be=e1 no n ev5 to ,giotto     
himself4 ,"u t ar*1 9 :i* he made a     
,*ri/ releas+ a demoniac1 he drew an    
edifice 9 p]spective1 p]fectly1 9 a /yle
 !n little kn[n1 display+ improv$ =m & m
 sci5ce4 ,he fur!r execut$ x 9 ! mod]n  
mann] ) great judgm5t1 & display$ su*   
art & su* inv5tion & proportion 9 !     

columns1 doors1 w9d[s & cornices1 & su* 
diff]5t me?ods f ! o!r ma/]s t x seem$ z
 if he _h begun to see "s glimpses ( !  
light ( ! good & p]fect mann] ( !       
mod]ns4 ,among o!r +5i\s ?+s he contriv$
 a v difficult flight ( /eps1 :i* are   
%[n bo? 9 pa9t+ & 9 relief1 & possess   
su* design1 v>iety1 & inv5tion1 & are s 
useful & conv5i5t t ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 
! ,magnific5t1 ! eld]1 made use ( !     
design = ! /eps outside ! palace (      
,poggio a ,caiano1 n[ ! pr9cipal villa (
 ! ,mo/ ,illu/ri\s ,duke4 ,9 ! o!r ar*  
is a repres5tation ( ,*ri/ sav+ ,/ ,pet]
 f ! fury ( ! wat]s1 s well done t "o   
seems to he> ! voice ( ,pet] say+3      
,dom9e1 salva nos1 p]imus4 ,?is "w is   
consid]$ mu* f9] ?an ! o!r1 because1    
besides ! grace ( ! drap]ies1 !re is a  
sweetness 9 ! be>+ ( ! heads1 a fe> ( ! 
=tunes ( ! sea1 :ile ! t]ror ( ! apo/les
 at v>i\s motions & appe>ances ( ! wat]1
 are repres5t$ 9 v suitable attitudes & 
) great beauty4 ,& al?\gh "t has p>tly  
de/roy$ ! lab\r exp5d$  by ,/efano on   

?is "w1 "o may /ill disc]n confus$ly t !
 apo/les are def5d+ !mselves ) _s f !   
fury ( ! w9ds & waves4 ,?is "w1 :i* has 
be5 highly prais$ by ! mod]ns1 mu/      
c]ta9ly h appe>$ a miracle 9 all        
,tuscany at ! "t :5 x 0  produc$1       
,/efano !n pa9t$ 9 ! fir/ cloi/] ( ,s4  
,m>ia ,novella a ,/ ,?omas ,aqu9as1 next
 a door1 :]e he also made a crucifix :i*
 has s9ce be5 mu* damag$ by o!r pa9t]s 9
 re/or+ x4 ,he also left unf9i%$ a *apel
 9 ! *ur*1 :i* he began1 n[ mu* damag$  
by "t4 ,9 x may be se5 ! fall ( ! angels
 ?r\gh ! pride ( ,lucif]1 9 div]s =ms4  
,"h x is notewor?y t ! =e%ort5+ ( !     
arms1 bu/s1 & legs ( ! figures is mu*   
bett] done ?an ev] be=e1 & ?is %[s u t  
,/efano began to recognise & _h p>tially
 ov]come ! difficulties :i* /& 9 ! way (
 ! highe/ excell5ce1 ! ma/]y ( :i* by 8 
successors1 by means ( unremitt+ /udy1  
has r5d]$ _! works s rem>kable4 ,= ?is  
cause arti/s h well nam$ him ! ape (    
nature4  ,"s "t aft] ,/efano 0 invit$ to
 ,milan :]e he began _m ?+s = ,matteo   

,visconti1 b 0 n able to complete !m1   
because hav+ fall5 sick ow+ to ! *ange (
 air1 he 0 compell$ to return to        
,flor5ce4 ,!re he rega9$ 8 /r5g? &      
execut$ 9 fresco 9 ! *apel ( ! ,as9i 9  
,s4 ,croce1 ! /ory ( ! m>tyrdom ( ,/    
,m>k by be+ drawn asund]1 ) _m figures  
:i* possess m]it4 ,z a pupil ( ,giotto  
he 0 !n invit$ to ,rome :]e he did 9    
fresco = ! pr9cipal *apel ( ,/ ,pet]'s1 
:i* conta9s ! alt> ( t sa9t1 "s sc5es f 
! life ( ,*ri/ betwe5 ! w9d[s ( ! l>ge  
apse1 ) su* c>e t he approa*es v closely
 to ! mod]n /yle & surpasses 8 ma/]     
,giotto 9 design & o!r ?+s4 ,aft] ?is he
 execut$ 9 fresco1 at ,araceli1 on a    
pill> beside ! pr9cipal *apel on ! left1
 a ,/ ,l\is1 :i* is mu* admir$ because x
 possesses a vivacity :i* _h n be5      
app>5t 9 any works up to t "t1 n ev5 9  
^? ( ,giotto4 ,inde$ ,/efano _h great   
facility 9 design1 z  may be se5 9 a    
draw+ by 8 h& 9 our book1 9 :i* !       
transfiguration is repres5t$ :i* he made
 = ! cloi/] ( ,s4 ,spirito1 & inde$ 9 my

 op9ion he design$ mu* bett] ?an        
,giotto4 ,he next w5t to ,assisi & 9 !  
apse ( ! pr9cipal *apel ( ! l[] *ur*1   
:]e ! *oir is1 he began a repres5tation 
9 fresco ( ! ,heav5ly ,glory2 & al?\gh  
he did n f9i% x1 :at he did p]=m %[s t  
he us$ ! utmo/ dilig5ce4 ,9 ?is "w he   
began a s]ies ( sa9ts ) su* beautiful   
v>iety 9 ! faces ( ! y\?s1 ! m5 ( middle
 age & ! old m51 t no?+ bett] c\ld be   
desir$1 & ^? bless$ spirits exhibit s   
sweet & s unit$ a /yle t x appe>s all b 
impossible t !y c\ld h be5 done by      
,/efano at t "t4 ,he h[ev] did execute  
!m1 al?\gh no m ?an ! heads ( ! figures 
are f9i%$4 ,above !m is a *oir ( angels 
rejoic+ 9 v>i\s attitudes1 appropriately
 c>ry+ !ological symbols 9 _! h&s4 ,all 
are turn$ t[>ds a crucifi$ ,*ri/ :o is 9
 ! mid/ ( ! "w imm$iately above a ,/    
,francis1 :o is surr\nd$ by a multitude 
( sa9ts4 ,besides ?is he made "s angels 
z a bord] = ! "w1 ea* ( !m hold+ "o ( ^?
 *ur*es ( :i* ,/ ,john ! ,evangeli/     
writes 9 ! ,apocalypse4 ,^! angels are  

repres5t$ ) su* grace t ,i am amaz$ to  
f9d a man ( t age capable ( produc+ !m4 
,/efano began ?is "w ) ! int5tion (     
?or\ghly complet+ x1 & he w\ld h succe$$
 _h he n be5 =c$ to leave x imp]fect &  
to return to ,flor5ce on "s important   
affairs ( 8 own4 ,dur+ ?is /ay at       
,flor5ce & 9 ord] to lose no "t1 he     
pa9t$ = ! ,granfigliazzi lung' ,arno1   
betwe5 _! h\ses & ! ponte alle ,c>raia 9
 a small tab]nacle on "o side1 ,our     
,lady seat$ sew+1 to :om a clo!d *ild :o
 is seat$1 is (f]+ a bird1 done ) su*   
c>e t al?\gh x is small x m]its no less 
praise ?an ! m ambiti\s ef=ts ( ! ma/]4 
,on ! completion ( ?is "w & ! settl+ ( 8
 affairs1 ,/efano 0 summon$ to ,pi/oia  
by ! lords !re1 & 0 set by !m to pa9t ! 
*apel ( ,/ ,james 9 ! ye> #acdf4 ,9 !   
vault he did a ,god ! ,fa!r ) "s        
apo/les1 & on ! side walls ! life ( !   
sa9t1 notably ! sc5e :]e 8 "m1 ! wife ( 
,zeb$ee1 asks ,jesus ,*ri/ to p]mit t h]
 two sons %all sit1 "o on ,8 "r h& & !  
o!r on ,8 left 9 ! k+dom ( ,8 ,fa!r4    

,ne> ?is is a f9e pres5tation ( !       
behead+ ( ! sa9t4 ,x is ?\ght t ,maso1  
call$ ,giott9o1 ( :om ,i %all speak     
aft]w>ds1 0 ! son ( ?is ,/efano1 &      
al?\gh1 on acc\nt ( 8 "n1 _m believe him
 to be ! son ( ,giotto1 ,i consid] x all
 b c]ta9 t he 0 r ! son ( ,/efano1 bo?  
because ( c]ta9 docum5ts :i* ,i h se51 &
 also because ( "s notices writt5 9 good
 fai? by ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti & by ,dom5ico 
del ,grill&aio4 ,h[ev]1 ?is may be1 & to
 return to ,/efano1 to him is due !     
cr$it ( ! greate/ improvem5t 9 pa9t+    
s9ce ! days ( ,giotto2 because1 besides 
be+ m v>i$ 9 8 inv5tions1 he %[$ m unity
 9 col\r+ & m %ad+ ?an all ! o!rs1 &    
above all1 9 dilig5ce he _h no rival4 ,&
 al?\gh ! =e%ort5+s :i* he  made        
exhibit1 z ,i  h said1 a bad mann] ow+  
to ! difficulties ( execution1 yet z !  
fir/ inve/igator ( ^! difficulties he   
des]ves a mu* high] place ?an ^? :o     
foll[ aft] ! pa? has be5 made pla9 = !m4
 ,?us a great debt is due to ,/efano1   
because he :o presses on ?r\gh ! d>kness

 & %[s ! way1 he>t5s ! o!rs1 enabl+ !m  
to ov]come ! difficulties ( ! way1 s t 9
 "t !y arrive at ! desir$ hav54 ,9      
,p]ugia also1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico1  
,/efano began 9 fresco ! *apel ( ,/     
,ca!r9e :i* is /ill unf9i%$4  ,at ! same
 "t !re liv$ a ,si5ese pa9t]1 call$     
,ugol9o1 ( consid]able repute1 & a great
 fri5d ( ,/efano4 ,he did _m pictures & 
*apels 9 all p>ts ( ,italy4 ,b he kept 9
 great "p to ! ,byzant9e /yle1 to :i* he
 _h become atta*$ by habit1 & always    
pref]r$1 f a caprice ( 8 own1 to foll[ !
 mann] ( ,cimabue r ?an t ( ,giotto1 :i*
 0 held 9 su* e/eem4 ,8 works consi/ ( a
 picture = ! high alt> ( ,s4 ,croce1 on 
a gold gr\nd1 & ano!r picture :i* /ood =
 _m ye>s on ! high alt> ( ,s4 ,m>ia     
,novella1 & :i* is n[ 9 ! *apt]-h\se1   
:]e e ye> ! ,spani% nation celebrates ) 
a solemn fea/ ! day ( ,/ ,james & its   
o!r (fices & burial s]vices4 ,besides ^!
 he did _m o!r ?+s 9 a good /yle1 b )\t 
9 ! lea/ dep>t+ f ! mann] ( 8 ma/]4 ,x 0
 he :o pa9t$ on a pill> ( bricks 9 !    

loggia1 :i* ,lapo _h built on ! piazza (
 ,orsanmi*ele1 t ,madonna :i*1 n _m ye>s
 aft]1 work$ s _m miracles t ! loggia 0 
= a great "t full ( images1 & to ?is day
 is held 9 ! highe/ v5]ation4 ,f9ally1 9
 ! *apel ( ,m4 ,ridolfo de' ,b>di1 9 ,s4
 ,croce1 :]e ,giotto pa9t$ ! life ( ,/  
,francis1 he did a crucifix 9 temp]a ) !
 ,magdal5e & ,/ ,john weep+1 & two fri>s
 on ei!r side4 ,ugol9o di$ at an advanc$
 age 9 ! ye> #acdi1 & 0 hon\rably buri$ 
at ,si5a1 8 native place4  ,b to return 
to ,/efano1 :o1 !y say1 0 also a good   
ar*itect1 & :at has be5 said above makes
 ?is likely2 he di$1 x is said1 at !    
beg9n+ ( ! ,jubilee ( #acej1 at ! age ( 
=ty-n9e1 & 0 buri$ at ,s4 ,spirito 9 !  
tomb ( 8 ance/ors ) ?is epitaph3        
,/ephano ,flor5t9o pictori1 faciundis   
imag9ibus ac color&is    figuris nulli  
unquam inf]iori2 ,aff9es moe/iss4 pos4  
vix4 an4    ,,xxxxix4     ,pietro       
,laurati1 ,pa9t] ( ,si5a4   ,pietro     
,laurati1 an excell5t pa9t] ( ,si5a1    
prov$ by 8 life h[ great may be !       

cont5tm5t ( m5 ( und\bt$ tal5t1 :o      
realise t _! works are valu$1 bo? 9 _!  
native l& & outside x1 & :o see !mselves
 9 reque/ by all m52 = 9 ! c\rse ( 8    
life he 0 employ$ & c>ess$ by all       
,tuscany4 ,! fir/ works :i* br\ght him  
into notice 7 ! sc5es :i* he pa9t$ 9    
fresco 9 la  ,scala1 a hospital ( ,si5a1
 9 :i* he imitat$ ! /yle ( ,giotto s    
successfully t ^! pa9t+s became kn[n    
?r\gh\t ,tuscany & gave rise to !       
well-f\nd$ belief t he w\ld become a    
bett] ma/] ?an ,cimabue1 ,giotto1 & !   
o!rs1 z he actually did4 ,9 ^! sc5es he 
repres5t$ ! ,virg9 m\nt+ ! /eps ( !     
,temple1 accompani$ by ,joa*im & ,anna1 
& receiv$ by ! prie/2 !n h] m>riage1 bo?
 rem>kable = good ornam5tation1         
well-drap$ figures ) simple folds ( !   
clo!s1 & a maje/y 9 ! c>nage ( ! heads1 
:ile ! disposition ( ! figures is 9 !   
f9e/ /yle4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ?is "w1   
:i* introduc$ ! good /yle ( pa9t+ to    
,si5a1 be+ ! fir/ gleam ( light = ! _m  
f9e spirits :o h fl\ri%$ 9 t l& 9 e age1

 ,pietro 0 summon$ to ,monte ,oliveto di
 ,*iusuri1 :]e he pa9t$ a picture 9     
temp]a :i* is n[ plac$ 9 ! p>adiso "u ! 
*ur*4 ,he next pa9t$ a tab]nacle at     
,flor5ce1 opposite ! left door ( ! *ur* 
( ,s4 ,spirito1 on ! side :]e a but*]'s 
%op  n[ /&s1 :i* m]its ! highe/ praise f
 e att5tive arti/1 on acc\nt ( ! grace (
 ! heads & ! smoo?ness :i* x exhibits4  
,proce$+ f ,flor5ce to ,pisa1 he did = !
 ,campo ,santo on ! wall next ! pr9cipal
 door1 all ! life ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs1 )   
su* /rik+ reality & 9 su* f9e attitudes1
 t !y rival ,giotto4 ,= ?is "w he won ! 
highe/ praise1 hav+ express$ 9 "s heads1
 9 draw+ & col\r1 all ! vivacity ( :i* !
 mann] ( ! "t 0 capable4 ,f ,pisa he    
pass$ to ,pi/oia1 & 9 ,s4 ,francesco did
 a picture ( ,our ,lady 9 temp]a1       
surr\nd$ by "s angels1 v well arrang$1 !
 pr$ella b5ea? conta9+ "s sc5es ) small 
figures1 pres5t$ ) a vig\r & life       
rem>kable = ^? times4 ,?is "w satisfi$  
him z mu* z x delight$ o!rs1 & accord+ly
 he put 8 "n to x 9 ^! words3 ,petrus   

,laurati de ,s5is4 ,aft]w>ds1 9 ! ye>   
#acee1 ,pietro 0 summon$ to ,arezzo by  
,m4 ,guglielmo1 head prie/1 & by        
,m>g>ito  ,bos*i & ! o!r w>d5s ( !      
,pieve ( ,arezzo4 ,?is *ur* _h be5      
br\ght to an advanc$ /age 9 a bett] /yle
 & mann] ?an _h be5 practis$ 9 ,tuscany 
up to t "t1 be+ ornam5t$ ) squ>$ /ones &
 c>v+s by ! h& ( ,m>g>itone1 z has be5  
said4 ,!re ,pietro pa9t$ 9 fresco !     
tribune & all ! great apse ( ! *apel ( !
 high alt>1 repres5t+ twelve sc5es f !  
life ( ,our ,lady1 ) life-size figures1 
f ! *as+ ( ,joa*im out ( ! ,temple1 to !
 bir? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 ^! works 9     
fresco  "o meets ) ! ideas1 l9eam5ts1   
c>riage ( ! heads1 & attitudes ( !      
figures *>act]i/ic ( ,giotto1 8 ma/]4 ,&
 al?\gh ! :ole ( ?is "w is beautiful1   
yet ! pa9t+s 9 ! vault ( ! apse are     
c]ta9ly mu* bett] ?an !  re/1 because1 9
 ! place :]e he repres5t$ ! asc5t ( ,our
 ,lady to heav51 besides mak+ ! apo/les 
f\r braccia high ea*1 9 :i* he %[$ 8    
greatness ( m9d1 be+ ! fir/ arti/ :o    

attempt$ to aggr&ise 8 /yle1 he gave su*
 a beautiful turn to ! heads & su* grace
 to ! ve/m5ts t m c\ld n h be5 desir$ 9 
^? days4 ,9 l mann] he pa9t$ 9 ! vault+ 
a *oir ( angels fly+ 9 ! air ab\t a     
,madonna4 ,z !y gracefully dance !y     
appe> to be s++1 ) a joy truly angelic &
 div9e2 :il/ !y are play+ v>i\s         
in/rum5ts _! eyes are fix$ & int5t on   
ano!r *oir ( angels1 su/a9$ by a cl\d ( 
almond %ape be>+ ! ,madonna to heav5    
arrang$ 9 beautiful attitudes & surr\nd$
 by ra9b[s4 ,?is "w1 :i* 0 des]v$ly     
popul>1 procur$ him a commission to pa9t
 9 temp]a ! picture ( ! high alt> ( t   
,pieve1 :]e 9 five panels ( life-size   
figures1 repres5t$ to ! knees1 he made  
,our ,lady ) ! ,*ild on h] arm1 ) ,/    
,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/ ,mat!w on "o side (
 h]1 & on ! o!r ! ,evangeli/ & ,/       
,donate4 ,9 ! pr$ella are _m small      
figures1 z well z 9 ! frame ( ! picture 
above1 all really f9e & execut$ 9 ! be/ 
/yle4 ,i h entirely re/or$ ?is alt> at  
my own exp5se & ) my own h&s1 s t ?is   

picture has be5 plac$ above ! alt> ( ,/ 
,*ri/oph]1 at ! bottom ( ! *ur*4 ,i may 
take ?is opportunity1 )\t appe>+ to be  
imp]t95t1 ( say+ 9 ?is place t ,i h     
myself re/or$ ?is anci5t collegiate     
*ur*1 mov$ by ,*ri/ian piety & by !     
affection :i* ,i be> to ! v5]able       
build+1 because x 0 my fir/ in/ructress 
9 my e>ly *ildhood4 ,?is ,i did also    
because x appe>$ to me to be z x 7      
ab&on$1 & x may n[ be said to h be5     
call$ back to life f ! dead4 ,besides   
increas+ ! light1 = x 0 v d>k1 by enl>g+
 ! orig9al w9d[s & mak+ new ones1 ,i    
also took away ! *oir1 :i* us$ to occupy
 a great "p ( ! *ur*1 & put x beh9d !   
high alt>1 to ! great satisfaction ( !  
canons !re4 ,! new alt> /&s alone1 & has
 on ! table be=e x a ,*ri/ call+ ,pet] &
 ,&rew f _! nets1 & on ! side next !    
*oir is ano!r picture ( ,/ ,george kill+
 ! s]p5t4 ,on ! sides are f\r panels1   
ea* ( :i* conta9s two sa9ts ( life-size4
 ,above & bel[ 9 ! pr$ella are num]\s   
o!r figures1 :i* are omitt$ = ! sake (  

brevity4 ,! ornam5tation ( ! alt> is    
?irte5 braccia high1 & ! pr$ella two    
braccia4 ,! int]ior is holl[ & is       
approa*$ by a /aircase ?r\gh a small    
iron door1 v well arrang$4 ,_m valuable 
relics are pres]v$ !re1 :i* may be se5 f
 ! outside ?r\gh two iron grat+s 9 !    
front4 ,among o!rs is ! head ( ,/       
,donato1 bi%op & protector ( ,arezzo4 ,9
 a *e/ ( v>i\s mat]ials1 ?ree braccia   
high1 :i* ,i h caus$ to be newly made1  
are ! bones ( f\r sa9ts4 ,! pr$ella ( ! 
alt>1 :i* entirely surr\nds x1 has 9    
front ( x ! tab]nacle or ciborium ( !   
,sacram5t1  9 c>v$ wood1 all gilt1 ab\t 
?ree braccia high1 & x may be se5 f !   
*oir side z well z f ! front4 ,z ,i h   
sp>$ nei!r pa9s nor exp5se1 s9ce ,i     
consid]$ myself b\nd to d my be/ to     
hon\r ,god1 ,i may v5ture to affirm t1 s
 f> z my ability w\ld all[1 ?is "w lacks
 no?+ 9 ! way ( ornam5t1 :e!r ( gold1   
c>v+1 pa9t+1 m>ble1 trev]t9e1 porphyry1 
or o!r /ones4  ,n[ to return to ,pietro 
,laurati4 ,:5 he _h complet$ ! picture  

m5tion$ above1 he did _m ?+s = ,/       
,pet]'s at ,rome1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds de/roy$
 9 build+ ! new *ur*4 ,he also execut$  
"s works at ,cortona & at ,arezzo1      
besides ^? already m5tion$1 & "s o!rs 9 
! *ur* ( ,s4 ,fiore e ,lucilla1 a       
mona/]y ( black monks1 notably a        
repres5tation 9 a *apel ( ,/ ,?omas     
putt+ 8 h& into ! w\nd 9 ,*ri/'s side4  
,a pupil ( ,pietro 0 ,b>tolommeo        
,bologh9i ( ,si5a1 :o execut$ _m        
pictures at ,si5a & o!r places 9 ,italy4
 ,!re is "o by 8 h& at ,flor5ce1 on !   
alt> ( ! *apel ( ,/ ,silve/] 9 ,s4      
,croce4 ,! pa9t+s ( ?is man 7 execut$   
ab\t ! ye> #acej4 ,9 my book1 :i* ,i h s
 (t5 ref]r$ to1 may be se5 a draw+ by   
,pietro1 repres5t+ a %oemak] sew+ 9 a   
simple b mo/ natural mann] ) an         
admirable expression4 ,x af=ds a good   
example ( ,pietro's peculi> /yle4 ,8    
portrait by ! h& ( ,b>tolommeo ,bologh9i
 0 9 a picture at ,si5a1 :]e n _m ye>s  
ago ,i copi$ x1 9 ! mann] se5 above4    
,&rea ,pisano1 ,sculptor & ,ar*itect4   

,:ile ! art ( pa9t+ has fl\ri%$1        
sculptors h nev] be5 lack+ :o c\ld      
produce excell5t "w4 ,to ! att5tive m9d1
 ! works ( e age be> te/imony to ?is    
fact1 = ! two arts are really si/]s1    
born at ! same "t & n\ri%$ & animat$ by 
! same _s4 ,?is is se5 9 ,&rea ,pisano1 
:o practis$ sculpture 9 ! "t ( ,giotto1 
& made s mu* improvem5t 9 t art1 bo? by 
practice & /udy1 t he 0 consid]$ ! be/  
expon5t ( ! pr(ession :o _h until !n    
appe>$ 9 ,tuscany1 especially 9 ca/+    
bronze4 ,= ?is reason 8 works 7 s hon\r$
 & priz$ by ^? :o knew him1 & especially
 by ! ,flor5t9es1 t he 0 able )\t a pang
 to *ange 8 c\ntry1 relations1 prop]ty1 
& fri5ds4 ,x 0 a great advantage to him 
t ! ma/]s :o _h prec$$ him 9 sculpture  
_h exp]i5c$ s mu* difficulty 9 ! art t  
_! works 7 r\gh & common1 s t ^? :o saw 
8 productions1 judg$ him a miracle by   
comp>ison4 ,t ^! fir/ works 7 rude may  
be cr$it$1 z has be5 said else:]e1 ^u an
 exam9ation ( "s :i* are ov] ! pr9cipal 
door ( ,s4 ,paolo at ,flor5ce1 & "s /one

 ones 9 ! *ur* ( ,ognissanti1 :i* are s 
execut$ z to move to laught] ^? :o reg>d
 !m1 r ?an to excite 9 !m any admiration
 or pleasure4 ,x is c]ta9 t x 0 mu* m   
easy to recov] ! art ( sculpture :5 !   
/atues _h be5 lo/1 z a man is a r\nd    
figure by nature1 & is s repres5t$ by t 
art1 :]eas 9 pa9t+1 on ! o!r h&1 x is n 
s easy to f9d ! "r %apes & ! be/ mann] (
 portray+ !m1 :i* are ess5tial to !     
maje/y1 beauty1 grace1 & ornam5t ( a    
picture4 ,9 "o circum/ance =tune 0      
fav\rable to ,&rea1 because1 z has be5  
said else:]e1 by means ( ! num]\s       
victories won by ! ,pisans at sea1 _m   
antiquities &  s>cophagi 7 br\ght to    
,pisa1 :i* are /ill ab\t ! ,duomo &     
,campo ,santo4 ,^! gave him great       
assi/ance & mu* light1 advantages :i*   
c\ld n be enjoy$ by ,giotto1 because !  
anci5t pa9t+s :i* h be5 pres]v$ are n s 
num]\s z ! sculptures4 ,& al?\gh /atues 
h frequ5tly be5 de/roy$ by fire1        
deva/ation1 & ! fury ( w>1 or buri$ or  
transport$ to v>i\s places1 yet x is    

easy = a connoisseur to recognise !     
productions ( all ! diff]5t c\ntries by 
_! v>i\s /yles4 ,= example1 ! ,egyptian 
is sl5d]1 ) long figures2 ! ,greek is   
artificial1 & mu* c>e is display$ on !  
nude1 :ile ! heads ne>ly always h ! same
 turn2 & ! anci5t ,tuscan is c>eful 9 ! 
treatm5t ( hair & some:at rude4 ,z      
reg>ds ! ,romans1 & ,i call ,roman = !  
mo/ "p ^? ?+s :i* 7 br\ght to ,rome aft]
 ,greece 0 subjugat$1 z all t 0 good &  
beautiful 9 ! _w 0 c>ri$ ?i!r2 ?is      
,roman "w1 ,i say1 is s beautiful 9     
expression1 attitudes1 movem5ts bo? 9   
nude figures & 9 drap]ies1 t ! ,romans  
may be said to h extract$ ! beautiful f 
all ! o!r prov9ces & ga!r$ x into a s+le
 /yle1 mak+ x ! be/ & ! mo/ div9e ( all 
! arts4  ,at ! "t ( ,&rea all ^! good   
me?ods & arts 7 lo/1 & ! only /yle 9 use
 0 t :i* _h be5 br\ght to ,tuscany by ! 
,go?s & ! rude ,greeks4 ,?us he not$ !  
new /yle ( ,giotto & su* few antiquities
 z 7 kn[n to him1 & some:at ref9$ a     
great "p ( ! grossness ( t wret*$ mann] 

by 8 own judgm5t1 s t he began to "w 9  
bett] /yle1 & end[ 8 works ) f> m beauty
 ?an _h hi!rto be5 se54 ,:5 8           
intellig5ce1 skill1 & dext]ity _h become
 kn[n he 0 assi/$ by _m ( 8 compatriots1
 & :ile he 0 /ill a "y man1 he 0        
commission$ to make "s small figures 9  
m>ble = ,s4 ,m>ia a ,ponte4 ,^! br\ght  
him su* a good "n t he 0 mo/ e>ne/ly    
desir$ to come to "w at ,flor5ce by ^? 9
 *>ge ( ! build+ ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1
 z aft] ! faade ( ! ?ree doors _h be5   
begun1 !re 0 a lack ( ma/]s to execute !
 subjects :i* ,giotto _h design$ = !    
beg9n+ ( t /ructure4 ,accord+ly ,&rea   
w5t to ,flor5ce 9 ord] to und]take t "w1
 & because at t "t ! ,flor5t9es 7       
desir\s ( mak+ !mselves agreeable &     
fri5dly to ,pope ,boniface ,,viii41 :o 0
 !n *ief pontiff ( ! *ur* ( ,god1 !y    
wi%$ ,&rea1 be=e ev]y?+ else1 to make 8 
/atue 9 m>ble4 ,&rea !re=e set to "w1 & 
did n re/ until he _h f9i%$ ! ,pope's   
figure plac$ betwe5 ,/ ,pet] & ,/ ,paul1
 ! ?ree figures be+ set up on ! faade ( 

,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 :]e !y /ill are4  
,aft]w>ds ,&rea made "s figures (       
prophets = ! middle door ( t *ur*1 9 "s 
tab]nacles or ni*es4 ,^! %[$ t he _h    
made great improvem5ts 9 ! art1 & t 9   
excell5ce & design he surpass$ all ^? :o
 _h lab\r$ = t /ructure up to t "t4     
,h5ce x 0 decid$ t all works (          
importance %\ld be entru/$ to him & n to
 o!rs4 ,soon aft] he 0 commission$ to   
make f\r /atues ( ! pr9cipal doctors ( !
 *ur*--,/ ,j]ome1 ,/ ,ambrose1 ,/       
,augu/9e1 & ,/ ,gregory4 ,:5 ^! 7 f9i%$ 
!y br\ght him fav\r & r5[n ) ! craftsm5 
& ?r\gh\t ! city1 & he 0 commission$ to 
make two o!r figures 9 m>ble ( ! same   
size4 ,^! 7 ,/ ,/eph5 & ,/ ,laur5ce1 :i*
 are on ! front ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore  
at ! outside angle4 ,by ,&rea's h& also 
is ! m>ble ,madonna1 ?ree & a half      
braccia high ) ! *ild at h] neck1 :i* is
 ov] ! alt> ( ! little *ur* & company ( 
! ,mis]icordia on ! piazza ( ,s4        
,giovanni at ,flor5ce4 ,?is 0 mu* prais$
 9 ^? times1 especially z on ei!r side (

 ! ,madonna he put an angel two & a half
 braccia high4 ,a sett+ ( v f9ely c>v$  
wood has be5 made = ?is 9 our own day by
 ,mae/ro ,antonio call$ ,il ,c>ota1 ) a 
pr$ella b5ea?1 full ( mo/ beautiful     
figures col\r$ 9 oil by ,ridolfo1 son ( 
,dom5ico ,grill&ai4 ,9 l mann] !        
half-l5g? ,madonna 9 m>ble :i* is ov] ! 
side-door ( ! ,mis]icordia1 on ! faade (
 ! ,cialdonai1 is by ,&rea's h&1 & 0    
highly prais$1 because 9 x he _h imitat$
 ! good antique mann]1 contr>y to 8     
habit1 :i* 0 always diff]5t f x1 z %[n  
by "s designs ( 8 :i* are 9 our book1 & 
9 :i* he repres5ts all ! sc5es f !      
,apocalypse4 ,n[ ,&rea _h /udi$         
ar*itecture 9 8 y\?1 & an opportunity   
occurr$ = 8 employm5t 9 ?is art by !    
commune ( ,flor5ce1 = z ,arnolfo 0 dead 
& ,giotto abs5t1 he 0 entru/$ ) !       
prep>ation ( plans = ! ca/le ( ,sc>p]ia1
 :i* is 9 ,mugello at ! foot ( ! ,alps4 
,"s say1 ?\gh ,i w n v\* = ! tru? ( x1 t
 ,&rea /ay$ a ye> at ,v5ice1 & !re      
execut$ "s small m>ble figures :i* are  

on ! faade ( ,s4 ,m>co1 & t 9 ! "t ( ,m4
 ,pi]o ,grad5igo1 doge ( t republic1 he 
design$ ! ,ars5al4 ,b z ,i "k no?+ ( ?is
 beyond ! b>e m5tion ( x :i* occurs 9 "s
 writ]s1 ,i mu/ leave ! matt] to !      
judgm5t ( my read]s4 ,f ,v5ice he       
return$ to ,flor5ce1 :]e ! city1 fe>+ ! 
com+ ( ! emp]or1 ) ,&rea's co-op]ation1 
ha/ily add$ eight braccia to "p ( ! wall
 betwe5 ,s4 ,gallo & ! ,prato ,gate1 & 9
 o!r places he made ba/ions1 palisades &
 works 9 e>? & wood4 ,n[ "s ?ree ye>s   
be=e1 he _h %[n 8 skill 9 ca/+ bronze 9 
a mu* admir$ cross :i* he _h s5t to !   
,pope at ,avignon1 by means ( 8 close   
fri5d ,giotto2 accord+ly he 0           
commission$ to make 9 bronze "o ( !     
doors ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni1 = :i*   
,giotto _h already made a v f9e design4 
,?is1 z ,i say1 0 giv5 to him to f9i%1  
because he 0 consid]$ ! mo/ tal5t$1     
skilful1 & judici\s ma/] ( all ^? :o _h 
work$ until !n1 n only 9 ,tuscany1 b    
?r\gh\t ,italy4 ,he set to "w1 resolv$  
to sp>e nei!r "t1 pa9s1 nor dilig5ce ^u 

! completion ( a task ( su* importance4 
,fate 0 propiti\s to him 9 8 ca/+1 at a 
"t :5 m5 7 ignorant ( ! secrets kn[n    
today1 s t 9 ! space ( tw5ty-two ye>s he
 br\ght ! door to its pres5t /age (     
p]fection2 & :at is m1 at ! same "t he  
made n only ! tab]nacle ( ! high alt> ( 
,s4 ,giovanni1 ) an angel on ei!r side  
:i* 7 consid]$ mo/ beautiful1 b also !  
small m>ble figures ab\t ! base ( ! door
 ( ! campanile ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1  
aft] ,giotto's design1 & ab\t t         
campanile1 9 c]ta9 m&orle1 ! sev5       
planets1 ! sev5 virtues1 & ! sev5 works 
( m]cy 9 small figures 9 half-relief1   
:i* 7 !n mu* admir$4 ,at ! same "t he   
made ! ?ree figures ( f\r braccia high1 
:i* 7 plac$ 9 ni*es 9 t campanile1 on ! 
side t[>ds ! place :]e ! ,pupilli n[    
are1 t is t[>ds ! s\?1 figures :i* 7    
consid]$ at ! "t to be ( consid]able    
m]it4 ,b to return to my />t+-po9t1 ,i  
say t ! bronze door conta9s sc5es 9     
bas-relief f ! life ( ,/ ,john !        
,bapti/1 f 8 bir? to 8 dea?1 mo/ happily

 conceiv$ & execut$ ) great c>e4 ,&     
al?\gh _m are ( op9ion t ^! /ories d n  
exhibit t f9e design nor t high art :i* 
%\ld be put into figures1 yet ,&rea     
m]its ! highe/ praise1 because he 0 !   
fir/ :o und]took to complete a "w :i*   
r5d]$ x possible = ^? :o came aft] him  
to produce :at is beautiful1 difficult &
 good 9 ! o!r two doors1 & 9 ! ext]ior  
ornam5ts n[ to be se54 ,?is "w 0 set 9 !
 middle door ( ! *ur*1 & rema9$ !re     
until ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti made ! pres5t "o1
 :5 x 0 remov$ & set up opposite !      
,mis]icordia1 :]e x is at ! pres5t "t4  
,i mu/ n omit to say t 9 mak+ ?is door  
,&rea 0 assi/$ by 8 son ,n9o1 :o        
aft]w>ds became a mu* bett] ma/] ?an 8  
fa!r _h be51 & t x 0 f9i%$ 9 ! ye>      
#acci--t is to say1 n only poli%$ &     
clean$1 b gilt at ! fire4 ,x is ?\ght t 
! metal 0 ca/ by "s ,v5etian ma/]s v    
skilful 9 f\nd+2 & a record ( ?is is 9 !
 libr>y ( ! art ( ! ,calim>a1 gu>dians (
 ! "w ( ,s4 ,giovanni4 ,:il/ ! door 0   
be+ made1 ,&rea n only made ! alt>s     

a=esaid1 b _m o!rs1 & 9 p>ticul> ! model
 ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni at ,pi/oia1   
:i* 0 f\nd$ 9 ! ye> #accg4 ,9 ?is same  
ye>1 on ! #be? day ( ,janu>y1 0 f\nd !  
body ( ,/ ,atto1 bi%op ( t city1 9      
excavat+ ! f\ndations ( ! *ur*4 ,! body 
_h be5 buri$ 9 t place = #acg ye>s4 ,!  
ar*itecture ( t temple1 :i* is r\nd1 0  
m]itori\s = ! "t4 ,also by ! h& ( ,&rea 
is a m>ble tomb 9 ! pr9cipal *ur* (     
,pi/oia1 ! body ( ! s>cophagus ( :i* is 
full ( small figures1 ) "s l>g] ones    
above4 ,9 ?is tomb re/s ! body ( ,m4    
,c9o d',angibolgi1 doctor ( laws1 & a v 
fam\s man ( lett]s 9 8 day1 z ,m4       
,francesco ,petr>ca te/ifies 9 ! sonnet3
            ,piangette donne1 e con voi 
pianga ,amore2  & 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( !    
,trionfo d',amore1 :]e he says3         
,ecco ,c9 da ,pi/oia2 ,guitton          
d',arezzo1            ,*e di non ess]   
primo p] *' ira aggia4  ,?is m>ble tomb 
( ,&rea's conta9s ! portrait ( ,m4 ,c9o1
 :o is repres5t$ z tea*+ a numb] ( 8    
s*ol>s1 :o are ab\t him1 ) su* a f9e    

attitude & /yle t x mu/ h be5 consid]$ a
 m>vell\s ?+ 9 ^? days1 al?\gh x w\ld n 
be valu$ n[4  ,walt]1 ,duke ( ,a!ns &   
tyrant ( ,flor5ce1 also employ$ ,&rea to
 enl>ge ! piazza1 & to =tify 8 palace by
 b>r+ ! bottom ( all ! w9d[s on ! fir/  
floor1 :]e ! hall ( ! ,two ,hundr$ n[   
is1 ) v /rong squ>e iron b>s4 ,! same   
duke also add$1 opposite ,s4 ,pi]o      
,s*]aggio1 ! r\gh /one walls :i* are    
beside ! palace to augm5t x1 & 9 !      
?ickness ( ! wall he made a secret      
/aircase1 to m\nt & desc5d unp]ceiv$4   
,at ! bottom face ( ! wall he made a    
great door1 :i* n[ s]ves = ! ,cu/oms1 & 
ov] ?is he set 8 arms1 ! :ole aft] !    
designs & ) ! advice ( ,&rea4 ,al?\gh ! 
arms 7 defac$ by ! magi/racy ( ! twelve1
 :o took pa9s to oblit]ate e memorial ( 
t duke1 yet on ! squ>e %ield !re rema9$ 
! =m ( ! lion rampant ) two tails1 z any
 att5tive obs]v] may see4 ,= ! same duke
 ,&rea made _m t[]s ab\t ! city1 & n    
only began ! f9e gate ( ,s4 ,friano1    
leav+ x 9 its pres5t =m1 b also made !  

walls ( ! portals & all ! gates ( !     
city1 & ! small] gates = ! conv5i5ce ( !
 p4 ,&1 because ! duke purpos$ to make a
 =tress on ! hill ( ,s4 ,giorgio1 ,&rea 
prep>$ a model = x1 :i* 0 nev] us$1 z ! 
"w 0 n begun1 ! duke be+ driv5 out 9 !  
ye> #acdc4 ,! duke's plan to conv]t !   
palace into a /rong ca/le 0 9 great     
measure effect$1 = a consid]able        
addition 0 made to ! orig9al build+1 z  
may be se5 to-day1 ! circuit compris+ ! 
h\ses ( ! ,filipetri1 ! t[] & h\ses ( ! 
,amidei1 & ,manc9i1 & ^? ( ! ,bellab]ti4
 ,& because1 aft] ?is great und]tak+ 0  
begun1 all ! mat]ials requir$ = x & = ! 
great walls & b>bicans 7 n ready1 he    
kept back ! build+ ( ! ,ponte ,vec*io1  
:i* 0 be+ hurri$ =w>d z a necess>y ?+1 &
 made use ( ! dress$ /ones & timb]      
design$ = ?is )\t any consid]ation4     
,al?\gh ,taddeo ,gaddi 0 probably n     
inf]ior to ,&rea ,pisano z an ar*itect1 
! duke w\ld n employ him on ^! works    
because he 0 a ,flor5t9e1 b made use (  
,&rea4 ,! same ,duke ,walt] wi%$ to pull

 d[n ,s4 ,cicilia1 9 ord] to obta9 a    
view ( ! ,/rada ,romana & ! ,m]cato     
,nuovo f 8 palace1 & w\ld also h de/roy$
 ,s4 ,pi]o ,s*]aggio = 8 conv5i5ce1 b ! 
,pope w\ld n grant him lic5ce4 ,at l5g?1
 z has be5 said above1 he 0 driv5 out by
 ! fury ( ! p4  ,= 8 hon\r$ lab\rs ( s  
_m ye>s ,&rea n only des]v$ ! highe/    
rew>ds1 b also civil hon\rs4 ,accord+ly 
he 0 made a ,flor5t9e citiz5 by !       
,signoria1 (fices & magi/racies 9 ! city
 7 giv5 to him1 & 8 works 7 valu$ dur+ 8
 life & aft] 8 dea?1 z no "o 0 f\nd to  
surpass him 9 workman%ip until ! adv5t (
 ,niccolo ( ,arezzo1 ,jacopo della      
,qu]cia ( ,si5a1 ,donatello1 ,filippo di
 ,s] ,brunellesco1 & ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti1  
^: sculptures & o!r works 7 su* t p     
recognis$ 9 :at error !y _h be5 liv+ up 
till !n1 z ^! m5 _h aga9 discov]$ ! true
 excell5ce :i* _h be5 hidd5 = s great a 
numb] ( ye>s4 ,! works ( ,&rea 7 execut$
 ab\t ! ye> ( grace #acdj4  ,! pupils ( 
,&rea 7 num]\s1 &1 among o!rs1 ,tommaso1
 ar*itect & sculptor1 ( ,pisa1 :o f9i%$ 

! *apel ( ! ,campo ,santo1 & br\ght !   
campanile ( ! ,duomo to completion--t is
 to say1 ! la/ "p1 :]e ! bells are4 ,?is
 ,tommaso 0 ,&rea's son1 if we may      
believe an inscription on ! high alt> ( 
,s4 ,francesco at ,pisa1 on :i* a       
,madonna & o!r sa9ts are c>v$ by him 9  
half relief1 ) 8 "n & t ( 8 fa!r b5ea?4 
,&rea left a son ,n9o1 :o devot$ himself
 to sculpture1 8 fir/ "w be+ 9 ,s4 ,m>ia
 ,novella at ,flor5ce1 :]e he f9i%$ a   
m>ble ,madonna1 begun by 8 fa!r1 :i* is 
inside ! door1 ne> ! *apel ( !          
,m9]betti4 ,go+ aft]w>ds to ,pisa1 he   
made = ! ,sp9a a half-l5g? m>ble        
,madonna suckl+ ! infant ,jesus ,*ri/1  
clo!d 9 delicate drap]ies4 ,9 ! ye>     
#aebb a m>ble ornam5t = ?is ,madonna 0  
made = ,m4 ,jacopo ,corb9i1 :o _h a mu* 
l>g] & f9] "o made = ano!r full-l5g?    
m>ble ,madonna ( ,n9o1 repres5t+ ) great
 grace ! "m (f]+ a rose to ! *ild1 :o   
takes x 9 *ildi% fa%ion1 & s prettily1 t
 "o may say t ,n9o _h made "s /eps to   
subdu+ ! r\ghness ( ! /one1 & end[+ x ) 

! attributes ( liv+ fle%4 ,! figure is  
betwe5 a ,/ ,john & a ,/ ,pet] 9 m>ble1 
! head ( ! latt] be+ a portrait ( ,&rea4
 ,n9o also made two m>ble /atues = an   
alt> ( ,s4 ,cat]9a at ,pisa--t is to    
say1 ! ,madonna & an angel 9 an         
,annunciation1 execut$1 l 8 o!r works1 )
 su* c>e t !y may be consid]$ z ! be/   
productions ( ^? times4 ,on ! base b5ea?
 ?is ,madonna ,n9o c>v$ ! foll[+ words3 
,on ! fir/ day ( ,febru>y  #acgj2 &     
b5ea? ! angel3 ,n9o1 son ( ,&rea        
,pisano1 made ^! figures4  ,he produc$  
yet o!r works 9 t city & at ,naples :i* 
x is n necess>y to m5tion "h4 ,&rea di$ 
at ! age ( sev5ty-five1 9 ! ye> #acde1 &
 0 buri$ by ,n9o 9 ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore 
) ! foll[+ epitaph3          ,+5ti      
,&reas jacet hie ,pisanus 9 urna1       
,m>more qui potuit spirantes duc]e      
vultus          ,et simulacra ,deum     
m$iis impon]e templis          ,ex acre1
 ex auro1 c&5ti et pulcro elephanto4    
,buonamico ,buffalmacco1 ,pa9t] (       
,flor5ce4   ,buonamico di ,cri/(ano1    

call$  ,buffalmacco1 pa9t] ( ,flor5ce1  
:o 0 a pupil ( ,&rea ,tafi1 celebrat$ = 
8 je/s by ,m4 ,giovanni ,boccaccio 9 8  
,decam]on1 is well kn[n to h be5 ! close
 companion ( ,bruno & ,cal&r9o1 pa9t]s1 
& !mselves faceti\s & pleasant m54 ,he  
possess$ a v fair judgm5t 9 ! art (     
pa9t+1 z may be se5 by 8 works1 :i* are 
scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,tuscany4 ,franco       
,sac*etti relates 9 8 ,?ree ,hundr$     
,tales 7to beg9 ) ! de$s ( ?is arti/    
:ile he 0 /ill "y7 t1 :ile ,buffalmacco 
0 a boy ) ,&rea1 x 0 8 ma/]'s cu/om1 :5 
! nights 7 long1 to rise to "w be=e dawn
 & to call ! boys4 ,?is ?+ displeas$    
,buonamico1 :o enjoy$ a good sleep1 & he
 tri$ to devise a plan t %\ld induce    
,&rea to leave (f call+ !m to "w s mu*  
be=e daylight4 ,he soon f\nd "o1 = 9 an 
ill-swept l(t  he happ5$ to f9d ?irty   
great beetles or cockroa*es4 ,) "s ?9   
ne$les & corks he fix$ a small c&le on !
 back ( ea* beetle1 & :5 ! h\r came =   
,&rea to rise he light$ ! c&les & put ! 
beetles "o by "o ?r\gh a hole lead+ into

 ,&rea's room4 ,:5 ! ma/] awoke1 j ab\t 
! h\r :5 he 0 accu/om$ to call          
,buffalmacco1 & saw ^! lights he began  
to tremble ) fe>1 & to recomm5d himself 
to ,god1 repeat+ 8 pray]s & psalms4 ,at 
l5g? he put 8 head "u ! clo!s & did n   
call ,buffalmacco t night1 b rema9$     
trembl+ 9 t po/ure until ! day4 ,!      
foll[+ morn+ :5 he arose he ask$        
,buonamico if he1 l himself1 _h se5 m   
?an a ?\s& devils4 ,buonamico said ,no1 
because he _h kept 8 eyes %ut1 & _h     
wond]$ :y he _h n be5 call$4 ,:at6 said 
,tafi2 ,i _h some?+ else to ?9k (       
besides pa9t+1 & ,i am resolv$ to g &   
live 9 ano!r h\se4 ,! foll[+ night1     
al?\gh ,buonamico only put ?ree beetles 
into ,tafi's *amb]1 yet ! poor man did n
 sleep a jot1 ow+ to 8 fe> ( ! pa/ night
 & to ^? devils :i* he saw4 ,no soon] 0 
day come ?an he left ! h\se1 decl>+ he  
w\ld nev] return to x1 & x 0 long be=e  
!y 7 able to induce him to *ange 8 m9d4 
,b ,buonamico br\ght him ! prie/ ( !    
p>i%1 :o consol$ him z be/ he c\ld4 ,:5 

,tafi & ,buonamico 7 talk+ ov] ! matt]  
aft]w>ds1 ! latt] said3 ,i h always he>d
 tell t ! devils are ! greate/ enemies (
 ,god1 & consequ5tly !y mu/ also be !   
*ief adv]s>ies ( pa9t]s1 because1       
besides ! fact t we always make !m v    
ugly1 ,we d no?+ else b repres5t sa9ts  
on walls & tables1 9 ord] to r5d] m5 m  
dev\t or bett] 9 despite ( ! devils4 ,= 
?is cause ! devils are enrag$ ) u1 & z  
!y h m p[] at night ?an dur+ ! day1 !y  
come & play ^! pranks1 & w d worse if   
?is practice ( e>ly ris+ is n entirely  
ab&on$4 ,) ^! words1 & _m o!rs1         
,buffalmacco succe$$ 9 settl+ ! matt]1 z
 ! prie/ support$ 8 argum5ts1 s t ,tafi 
left (f 8 e>ly ris+ & ! devils ceas$ to 
g ?r\gh ! h\se at night ) lights4 ,b n  
_m mon?s aft]w>ds1 :5 ,tafi1 induc$ by  
desire ( ga91 & cru%+ e fe>1 began once 
m to rise & "w at night & to call       
,buffalmacco1 ! beetles also began to   
make _! r\nds1 s t ! ma/] 0 compell$ by 
fe> to give x up entirely1 be+ /rongly  
advis$ to ?is by ! prie/4  ,:5 ?is ?+   

became kn[n ?r\gh ! city1 x = a :ile    
prev5t$ o!r pa9t]s z well z ,tafi f ris+
 to "w at night4 ,:51 %ortly aft]w>ds1  
,buffalmacco himself became a fairly    
good ma/] he left ,tafi1 z ! same       
,franco relates1 & began to "w by       
himself1 & he nev] lack$ employm5t4     
,accord+ly he took a h\se to s]ve       
equally z a work%op & a dwell+-h\se1    
next door to a work] ( wool 9 easy      
circum/ances1 :o1 be+ a raw simpleton1 0
 call$ ,goosehead4 ,?is man's wife rose 
e>ly e night1 :5 ,buffalmacco1 :o _h    
work$ up to t "t1 0 go+ to re/1 & sett+ 
h]self at h] sp9n+ :eel1 :i* %e         
un=tunately plac$ ov] aga9/             
,buffalmacco's b$1 %e sp5t all ! night 9
 sp9n+ ?read4 ,buonamico 0 unable to    
sleep a mom5t1 & began to devise a means
 :]eby to rid himself ( ?is nuisance4 ,x
 0 n long be=e he p]ceiv$ t1 beh9d !    
brick wall :i* sep>at$ him f ,goosehead1
 0 ! fire ( 8 objectionable neighb\r1 & 
by means ( a crack he c\ld see ev]y?+ t 
%e did at ! fire4 ,accord+ly he devis$ a

 new trick1 & provid$ himself ) a long  
tube4 ,:5 he f\nd t ! wife ( ,goosehead 
0 n at ! fire1 he e n[ & aga9 put ?r\gh 
t hole 9 ! wall into 8 neighb\r's pot z 
mu* salt z he wi%$4 ,:5 ,goosehead      
return$ ei!r to d9e or to sup he c\ld1 z
 a rule1 nei!r eat nor dr9k or ta/e ei!r
 s\p or meat1 z ev]y?+ 0 made bitt] by  
too mu* salt4 ,= a little :ile he _h    
pati5ce1 & only spoke ( x or grumbl$2 b 
:5 he f\nd t words did n suffice1 he    
frequ5tly gave bl[s to ! poor woman1 :o 
0 9 despair1 because %e ?\ght %e _h be5 
m ?an cauti\s 9 salt+ ! di%4 ,z h] husb&
 beat h] f "t to "t1 %e tri$ to excuse  
h]self1 :i* only increas$ ! ang] (      
,goosehead1 s t he began to /rike h]    
aga91 & z %e cri$ out at ! top ( h]     
voice1 ! noise p5etrat$ ! :ole          
neighb\rhood1 & drew ?i!r ,buffalmacco  
among o!rs4 ,:5 he he>d ( :at ,goosehead
 accus$ 8 wife & h[ %e excus$ h]self1 he
 said to ,goosehead3 ,wor?y fri5d1 y    
%\ld be reasonable2 y compla9 t y\r     
morn+ & ev5+ di%es are too salt1 b ,i   

only wond] t y\r wife makes !m s well z 
%e does4 ,i _c und]/& h[ %e is able to  
keep go+ all day1 consid]+ t %e is sitt+
 up ! :ole night ov] h] sp9n+1 & does n1
 ,i believe1 sleep an h\r4 ,let h] give 
up ris+ at midnight1 & y w see1 :5 %e   
has en\gh sleep1 h] bra9 w n w&]1 & %e w
 n fall into su* s]i\s mi/akes4 ,!n he  
turn$ to ! o!r neighb\rs1 & succe$$ s   
well 9 conv9c+ !m t he _h f\nd ! true   
explanation t !y all told ,goosehead t  
,buonamico 0 "r1 & t he %\ld foll[ ?is  
advice4 ,goosehead1 believ+ :at he 0    
told1 ord]$ 8 wife n to rise s soon1 & !
 di%es 7 aft]w>ds reasonably salt$1     
except sometimes :5 ! goodwife _h ris5  
e>ly1 because !n ,buffalmacco _h rec\rse
 to 8 rem$y1 a fact :i* induc$          
,goosehead to cause 8 wife to give up   
e>ly ris+ altoge!r4  ,"o ( ! e>lie/     
works ,buffalmacco did 0 ! decoration ( 
! *ur* ( ! nunn]y ( ,fa5za at ,flor5ce1 
:]e !  citadel ( ,prato n[ is4 ,"h he   
repres5t$ sc5es f ! life ( ,*ri/1 among 
o!r ?+s1 ev]y?+ 9 :i* is 9 good /yle1 & 

he also did !re ! massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts
 by ,h]od's ord]4 ,"h he displays )     
consid]able vig\r ! expressions ( !     
murd]]s z well z ( ! o!r figures1       
because "s nurses & mo!rs1 :o are snat*+
 ! *ildr5 f ! h&s ( ! murd]]s1 are us+  
_! h&s1 nails1 tee?1 & e bodily ag5t to 
help !m z mu* z possible1 %[+ t _! m9ds 
are n less full ( rage & fury ?an (     
grief4 ,z ! mona/]y is de/roy$ to-day1  
no?+ m ( ?is "w is to be se5 ?an a      
col\r$ draw+ 9 our book ( designs1 :i*  
conta9s ! sket* = ?is by ,buonamico's   
h&4 ,9 execut+ ?is "w = ! nuns ( ,fa5za1
 ,buffalmacco1 :o 0 z ecc5tric 9 8 dress
 z 8 behavi\r1 did n always happ5 to we>
 ! hood & mantle cu/om>y 9 ^? times1 & !
 nuns :o sometimes look$ at him ?r\gh ! 
scre5 :i* he _h caus$ to be made1 began 
to say to ! cu/odian t !y object$ to    
see+ him always 9 8 d\blet4 ,aft] he _h 
reassur$ !m1 !y rema9$ quiesc5t = a     
:ile4 ,at l5g?1 z !y always saw him     
attir$ aft] ! same fa%ion1 !y ?\ght he  
mu/ be ! boy to mix ! col\rs & accord+ly

 !y induc$ ! abbess to tell him t !y    
%\ld l to see ! ma/] himself at "w & n  
?is o!r "o always4 ,buonamico1 :o always
 lov$ 8 joke1 told !m t s soon z ! ma/] 
arriv$ he w\ld let !m "k1 al?\gh he 0   
s5sible ( ! small am\nt ( confid5ce :i* 
!y plac$ 9 him4 ,!n he took a table &   
put ano!r on ! top (  x1 sett+ a wat]   
jug on ?is1 ov] ! h&le ( :i* he put a   
hood & !n cov]$ ! re/ ( ! pit*] 9 a     
civilian's mantle1 fa/5+ x firmly ab\t !
 tables4 ,aft] ?is he put a bru% 9 !    
sp\t f :i* ! wat] fl[s1 & !re left x4   
,:5 ! nuns return$ to see ! "w ?r\gh an 
op5+ :]e he _h torn ! canvas1 !y saw !  
suppos$ ma/] 9 8 attire4 ,!y believ$ t  
he 0 work+ !re to ! utmo/ ( 8 p[]1 &    
w\ld d mu* bett] ?an ! m]e boy _h done1 
s !y 7 sev]al days ?9k+ ( no?+ else4 ,at
 la/ !y 7 anxi\s to see :at beautiful   
?+s ! ma/] _h made4 ,fifte5 days _h     
pass$ s9ce ,buonamico _h set foot 9 !   
place1 & "o night !y w5t to see !       
pa9t+s1 ?9k+ t ! ma/] c\ld no long] be  
!re4 ,!y 7 cov]$ ) confusion & blu%es :5

 "o bold] ?an ! re/ discov]$ ! nature ( 
! solemn ma/]1 :o _h n done a /roke 9 ! 
=tnight4 ,:5 !y le>n$ t ,buonamico _h   
treat$ !m accord+ to _! des]ts1 & t !   
works :i* he _h made 7 excell5t1 !y     
recall$ him & he return$ ) mu* laught] &
 jok+ to take up ! "w1 mak+ !m see t !re
 is a diff]5ce betwe5 m5 & dummies1 & t 
works mu/ n always be judg$ by ! clo!s (
 ^? :o produce !m4 ,aft] a few days he  
f9i%$ "o subject !re1 ) :i* !y 7 v      
delight$ s9ce x appe>$ to !m to be      
satisfactory 9 all its p>ts1 except t ! 
figures 9 ! fle% col\r+ seem$ to !m to  
be r too pale4 ,:5 ,buonamico he>d ?is &
 le>n+ t ! abbess _h ! be/ v]naccia 9   
,flor5ce1 :i* s]v$ = ! sacrifice ( !    
mass1 he told !m t 9 ord] to rem$y su* a
 defect1 no?+ w\ld be s]viceable except 
to temp] ! col\rs ) a good v]naccia1 =  
if ! *eeks & o!r fle% p>ts ( ! figures 7
 t\*$ ) ?is1 !y w\ld become r$ & v      
fre%ly col\r$4 ,:5 ! good si/]s he>d ?is
 !y believ$ x completely & aft]w>ds kept
 him suppli$ ) ! be/ v]naccia s long z !

 "w la/$1 :ile he on 8 "p made m]ry &   
!nce=w>d ) 8 ord9>y col\rs r5d]$ 8      
figures m fre% & brilliant4  ,on !      
completion ( ?is "w ,buffalmacco pa9t$ 9
 ! abbey ( ,settimo "s sc5es f ! life ( 
,/ ,james 9 ! *apel d$icat$ to t sa9t   
:i* is 9 ! cloi/]1 on ! vault ( :i* he  
did ! f\r ,patri>*s & ! f\r ,evangeli/s1
 among :om ! attitude ( ,luke is        
notewor?y = ! natural way 9 :i* he is   
bl[+ 8 p5 to make ! ink fl[4 ,9 !       
subjects = ! walls1 :i* are five1 !     
figures are repres5t$ 9 f9e attitudes & 
ev]y?+ is c>ri$ out ) orig9ality &      
judgm5t4 ,9 ord] to make 8 fle% col\r+  
easi] to pa9t ,buonamico us$ a gr\nd (  
pavonazzo di sale1 z is se5 9 ?is "w1   
:i* 9 ! c\rse ( "t has caus$ a saltness 
by :i* ! :ite & o!r col\rs are corrod$ &
 consum$ s t x is no m>vel t ! "w is    
damag$ & de/roy$1 :ile _m t 7 made long 
be=e h be5 excell5tly pres]v$4 ,i =m]ly 
consid]$ t !  injury 0 caus$ by ! damp1 
b aft]w>ds by an exam9ation ( 8 o!r     
works ,i h prov$ by exp]i5ce t x is n ! 

damp1 b ?is peculi> practice (          
,buffalmacco :i* has caus$ !m to be s   
damag$ t x is n possible to see ! design
 or any?+ else1 & :]e ! fle% col\r %\ld 
be !re rema9s no?+ b ! pavonazzo4 ,?is  
me?od ( work+ %\ld n be practis$ by     
anyone :o desires a long life = 8       
pa9t+s4  ,aft] ! two pictures m5tion$   
above1 ,buonamico did two o!rs 9 temp]a 
= ! monks ( ! ,c]tosa at ,flor5ce1 "o ( 
:i* is 9 ! place :]e ! s++ books = !    
*oir re/1 & ! o!r is bel[ 9 ! old       
*apels4 ,9 ! ,badia at ,flor5ce he pa9t$
 9 fresco ! *apel ( ! ,gondi & ,ba/>i1  
beside ! pr9cipal *apel1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds 
grant$ to ! family ( ! ,boscoli1 & /ill 
reta9s ^! pa9t+s ( ,buffalmacco4 ,"h he 
did ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 ) f9e & orig9al 
expressions1 %[+ 9 ,*ri/1 :5 ,he wa%es !
 disciples' feet1 ! greate/ humility &  
b5ignity1 & cruelty & fi]c5ess 9 ! ,jews
 :o lead ,him to ,h]od4 ,b he display$  
especial orig9ality & facility 9 a      
,pilate :om he pa9t$ 9 prison & 9       
,judas1 hung to a tree1 f :i* we may    

readily believe :at is relat$ ( ?is     
pleasant pa9t]1 t :5 he wi%$ to be      
dilig5t & take pa9s1 :i* r>ely happ5$1  
he 0 n inf]ior to any o!r arti/ ( 8 "t4 
,t ?is is true is prov$ by 8 works 9    
fresco 9 ,ognissanti1 :]e ! cemet]y n[  
is1 produc$ ) su* dilig5ce & ) su*      
precautions t ! wat] :i* has ra9$ ^u !m 
= _m ye>s has n injur$ !m or caus$ any  
h>m except by prev5t+ a recognition ( _!
 excell5ce4 ,!y are s well pres]v$      
because !y 7 done simply ^u fre% lime4  
,on ! walls are ! ,nativity ( ,jesus    
,*ri/ & ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 t is to 
say1 ov] ! tomb ( ! ,aliotti4 ,aft] ^!  
works ,buonamico w5t to ,bologna1 :]e he
 pa9t$ 9 fresco on ! vaults ( ! *apel ( 
! ,bologn9i 9 ,s4 ,petronio1 b did n    
f9i% !m1 = "s reason unkn[n to me4 ,x is
 said t 9 ! ye> #acjb he 0 summon$ to   
,assisi1 & 9 ! *apel ( ,/ ,ca!r9e 9 !   
*ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco he pa9t$ ! hi/ory 
( ! =m] sa9t's life 9 fresco1 works :i* 
are v well pres]v$1 & conta9+ "s figures
 well wor?y ( praise4 ,:5 he _h complet$

 ! *apel & 0 on 8 way ?r\gh ,arezzo1 !  
bi%op ,guido1 :o _h he>d t ,buonamico 0 
a pleasant man & a pa9t] ( tal5t1 wi%$  
him to /ay 9 ! city & pa9t = him ! *apel
 9 ! ,vescovado conta9+ ! ,baptism (    
,*ri/4 ,buonamico put 8 h& to ! "w & _h 
already done a consid]able "p ( x :5 a v
 /range adv5ture happ5$ to him1 relat$  
by ,franco ,sac*etti 9 8 ,?ree ,hundr$  
,tales4 ,! bi%op possess$ a baboon1 !   
mo/ mis*iev\s & malignant creature t ev]
 0 se54 ,?is animal 0 "o day /&+ on 8   
p]* & wat*+ ,buonamico "w1 hav+ lo/     
?\ght ( ev]y?+ else1 & nev] tak+ 8 eyes 
(f him z he mix$ ! col\rs1 manag$ !     
tools1 broke ! eggs to make ! temp]a1 or
 did any o!r ?+1 no matt] :at4 ,"o      
,saturday ev5+ ,buonamico left ! "w &   
?is baboon2 on ,sunday morn+1 al?\gh he 
_h a great log ( wood atta*$ to 8 legs1 
:i* ! bi%op made him c>ry s t he %\ld n 
leap ev]y:]e1 not)/&+ ?is heavy weight1 
leapt on to ! scaffold+ :]e ,buonamico  
us$ to /& to "w1 & !re took up ! phials 
& empti$ !m "o by "o1 made ! mixtures1  

broke z _m eggs z 7 !re1 & began to daub
 all ! figures ) ! bru%1 nev] re/+ until
 he _h repa9t$ ev]y?+ himself4 ,t done  
he made a fre% mixture ( all ! col\rs   
:i* 7 left ov]1 al?\gh !y happ5$ to be  
few1 & !n desc5d$ f ! scaffold+ &       
dep>t$4 ,:5 ,buonamico came back to 8 "w
 on ,monday morn+ & saw 8 figures       
spoil$1 8 phials empti$ & ev]y?+ upside 
d[n1 he 0 fill$ ) amazem5t & confusion4 
,aft] turn+ ! matt] ov] 9 8 m9d = "s "t 
he conclud$ t "s ,aret9e _h done ?is f  
envy or = "s o!r reason4 ,accord+ly he  
w5t to ! bi%op & told him :at _h happ5$ 
& :at he suspect$1 at :i* ! bi%op 0 mu* 
tr\bl$1 yet he enc\rag$ ,buonamico to g 
on ) ! "w1 & to repa9t ! "p :i* _h be5  
spoil$4 ,he fur!r pl$g$ himself to give 
! arti/ six arm$ m5 ( 8 infantry1 :o    
%\ld /& ) fal*ions to wat*1 :5 he 0 n   
work+1 & to cut to pieces )\t m]cy      
anyone :o %\ld come4 ,accord+ly !       
figures 7 repa9t$ a second "t1 & "o day 
:ile ! soldi]s 7 on ! wat* !y he>d a    
curi\s roll+ noise 9 ! *ur*1 & soon aft]

 ! baboon appe>$1 jump$ ^u ! seat1 made 
! mixtures 9 an in/ant1 & set to "w ^u !
 sa9ts ( ,buonamico4 ,! gu>d !n call$ ! 
ma/]1 & %[$ him ! crim9al1 & :5 !y saw  
him /&+ ) !m & wat*+ ! animal "w1 !y    
bur/ into laught]1 & ,buonamico himself1
 ?\gh griev$ at ! damage1 c\ld n help   
laugh+ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 sorr[4 ,at l5g? he  
dismiss$ ! soldi]s :o _h be5 on gu>d )  
_! fal*ions1 & w5t to ! bi%op & said to 
him3 ,my "l1 y l my mann] ( pa9t+1 b y\r
 baboon pref]s ano!r4 ,he !n relat$ !   
matt]1 add+3 ,x 0 n necess>y = y to s5d 
away = pa9t]s s9ce y _h a ma/] 9 ! h\se1
 al?\gh p]haps he did n "k h[ to mix 8  
col\rs prop]ly4 ,n[ t he kn[s1 let him  
"w by himself1 = ,i am ( no fur!r use   
"h1 & z 8 wor? is n[ recognis$1 ,i %all 
be cont5t$ ) no o!r wages = my "w except
 p]mission to return to ,flor5ce4       
,al?\gh mu* displeas$1 ! bi%op c\ld n   
refra9 f laugh+ :5 he he>d ?is1         
especially :5 he consid]$ t a bea/ _h   
made a je/ ( ! mo/ je/-lov+ man 9 ! _w4 
,aft] !y _h laugh$ & talk$ ov] ?is new  

adv5ture1 ! bi%op prevail$ s f>1 t      
,buonamico set himself a ?ird "t to d ! 
"w1 & he f9i%$ x4 ,! baboon1 z a        
puni%m5t & p5ance = 8 fault1 0 %ut up 9 
a l>ge cage ( wood1 & kept !re :ile     
,buonamico work$1 until ! pa9t+ 0 q     
f9i%$4 ,x is n possible to imag9e !     
antics :i* ! great bea/ play$ 9 t cage )
 8 m\?1 8 body & 8 h&s1 at see+ o!rs "w 
:ile he 0 n able to imitate !m4 ,:5 !   
decoration ( ! *apel 0 complet$ ! bi%op 
ask$1 = a je/ or = "s o!r reason1 t     
,buffalmacco %\ld pa9t him on a wall ( 8
 palace an eagle on ! back ( a lion :i* 
x _h kill$4 ,! cunn+ pa9t] promis$ to d 
z ! bi%op desir$1 & made a l>ge p>tition
 ( bo>ds1 say+ t he did n wi% anyone to 
see su* a ?+ be+ pa9t$4 ,?is done1 &    
:ile be+ %ut up all alone inside1 he    
pa9t$ ! contr>y to :at ! bi%op wi%$1 a  
lion cru%+ an eagle4 ,:5 ! "w 0         
complet$1 he ask$ lic5ce f ! bi%op to g 
to ,flor5ce to procure "s col\rs :i* he 
ne$$4 ,accord+ly1 hav+ lock$ up 8       
picture1 he w5t to ,flor5ce int5d+ nev] 

to return4 ,! bi%op aft] wait+ "s "t &  
see+ t ! pa9t] did n return1 caus$ !    
pa9t+ to be op5$1 & f\nd t ,buonamico 0 
wis] ?an himself4 ,furi\s at ! trick :i*
 _h be5 play$ ^u him he ?reat5$ to take 
! arti/'s life4 ,:5 ,buonamico he>d ?is1
 he s5t to tell him to d 8 wor/1 :]e=e !
 bi%op m5ac$ him ) a mal$iction4 ,b at  
l5g? he reflect$ t ! arti/ _h only be5  
je/+1 & t he %\ld take ! matt] z a je/1 
:]eupon he p>don$ ,buonamico ! insult1 &
 ackn[l$g$ 8 pa9s mo/ lib]ally4 ,:at is 
m1 he induc$ him to come aga9 to ,arezzo
 n long aft]1 & caus$ him to pa9t _m ?+s
 9 ! old ,duomo1 :i* h be5 ?r[n d[n     
to-day1 treat+ him always z 8 fri5d &   
mo/ fai?ful s]vant4 ,! same arti/ also  
pa9t$ 9 ,arezzo ! apse ( ! pr9cipal     
*apel ( ,s4 ,giu/9o4 ,"s write t :5     
,buonamico 0 9 ,flor5ce he 0 (t5 9 !    
work%op ( ,maso del ,saggio ) 8 fri5ds &
 companions4 ,he 0 also pres5t ) _m o!rs
 9 arrang+ ! regatta :i* ! m5 ( ! borgo 
,s4 ,friano 9 ,arno celebrate on !      
cal5ds ( ,may1 & t :5 ! ponte alla      

,c>raia1 :i* 0 !n ( wood1 broke d[n     
because x 0 too cr[d$ ) p1 :o _h run    
?i!r to see ! spectacle1 he did n p]i%  
!n l _m o!rs1 because :5 ! bridge fell  
"r on a ma*9e1 repres5t+ ,hell 9 a b>que
 on ! ,arno1 he _h gone to buy "s ?+s t 
7 want$ = ! fea/4  ,n long aft] ^! ?+s  
,buonamico 0 invit$ to ,pisa1 & pa9t$ a 
s]ies ( subjects f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 f ! 
,creation ( ,man to ! build+ ( ! ,t[] ( 
,nimrod1 = ! abbey ( ,s4 ,paolo a ripa  
d',arno1 :i* !n belong$ to ! monks (    
,vallombrosa1 on ! :ole ( ! cross+ ( t  
*ur*1 on ?ree sides1 f ! ro( to ! gr\nd4
 ,?is "w1 :i* is n[ almo/ entirely      
de/roy$1 is rem>kable = ! vig\r ( !     
figures1 ! skill & beauty ( ! col\r+ &  
arti/'s faculty ( express+ 8 ideas1     
al?\gh he 0 n v good 9 design4 ,on !    
wall ( ?is cross+ opposite t :i* conta9s
 ! side door1 !re are "s sc5es ( ! life 
( ,/ ,ana/asia1 :]e "s wom51 pa9t$ 9 a  
graceful mann]1 exhibit c]ta9 antique   
habits & ge/ures1 v prettily & well4 ,no
 less f9e are "s figures 9 a b>que1     

arrang$ 9 well design$ attitudes1 among 
!m be+ ! portrait ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,iv41
 :i* x is said ,buonamico _h f 8 ma/]   
,tafi1 :o _h repres5t$ t pontiff 9      
mosaic 9 ,/ ,pet]'s4 ,simil>ly 9 ! la/  
subject :i* repres5ts ! m>tyrdom ( !    
sa9t1 & ( o!rs1 ,buonamico f9ely        
expresses 9 ! faces ! fe> ( dea?1 !     
grief & dread ( ^? :o are /&+ by to see 
h] torm5t$ & put to dea?1 :ile %e /&s   
b\nd to a tree1 & above ! fire4 ,bruno  
di ,giovanni1 a pa9t]1 assi/$ ,buonamico
 9 ?is "w4 ,he is call$ pa9t] 9 ! old   
book ( ! company4 ,?is ,bruno1 also     
celebrat$ z a joke-lov+ man by          
,boccaccio1 f9i%$ ! said sc5es = !      
walls1 & pa9t$ ! alt> ( ,/ ,ursula = !  
same *ur*1 ) h] company ( virg9s1 ins]t+
 9 "o h& ( ! sa9t a /&>d ) ! arms (     
,pisa1 :i* are a :ite cross on a r$     
gr\nd1 :ile %e places ! o!r on a woman  
:o is ris+ betwe5 two m\nta9s1 & t\*es !
 sea ) "o foot & places h] h&s toge!r 9 
an act ( entreaty4 ,?is woman repres5ts 
,pisa1 h] head be+ circl$ ) a gold cr[n1

 :ile %e we>s a g>m5t full ( circles &  
eagles1 & be+ 9 mu* tr\ble at sea %e    
petitions ! sa9t4 ,b because ,bruno     
compla9$ :5 he execut$ ^? figures t !y 7
 n life-l z ^? ( ,buonamico 71 ! latt] 9
 je/1 to tea* him to make figures1 :i*  
if n life-l1 %\ld at lea/ conv]se1 made 
him put "s words issu+ f ! m\? ( ! woman
 :o is entreat+ ! sa9t1 & also ! sa9t's 
reply to h]1 a device :i* ,buonamico _h 
se5 9 ! works execut$ by ,cimabue 9 !   
same *ur*4 ,?is ?+ pleas$ ,bruno & o!r  
fooli% m5 ( ! "t1 j z to-day x pleases  
c]ta9 clumsy fell[s1 :o h ?us employ$   
vulg> devices wor?y ( !mselves4 ,x is   
c]ta9ly curi\s t 9 ?is way advice int5d$
 simply z a je/ has be5 g5]ally foll[$1 
s mu* s t a great "p ( ! ,campo ,santo  
done by ma/]s ( repute is full ( ?is    
clums9ess4  ,! works ( ,buonamico hav+  
greatly pleas$ ! ,pisans1 ^? 9 *>ge ( ! 
fabric ( ! ,campo ,santo commission$ him
 to d f\r sc5es 9 fresco f ! beg9n+ ( ! 
_w until ! build+ ( ,noah's ark1        
surr\nd+ !m ) an ornam5tation1 9 :i* he 

drew 8 own portrait f life1 t is to say1
 9 a bord] 9 ! middle &  at ! corn]s (  
:i* are "s heads1 among :i*1 z ,i h     
said1 is 8 own4 ,he we>s a hood1 j l !  
"o t may be se5 above4 ,?is "w conta9s a
 ,god :o holds 9 8 arms ! heav5s & !    
elem5ts1 & all ! app>atus ( ! univ]se1 s
 t ,buonamico1 expla9+ 8 sc5e ) v]ses1 l
 ! pa9t+s ( ! age1 wrote at ! foot 9    
capital lett]s ) 8 own h& ! foll[+      
sonnet1 z may be se51 :i* = its         
antiquity & simplicity ( diction peculi>
 to ! "t1 has seem$ to me to be wor?    
ins]tion 9 ?is place1 s t if x does n   
p]*ance give mu* pleasure1 ?\gh ,i ?9k x
 w1 yet x is a matt] :i* w p]haps be>   
te/imony to ! am\nt ( ! k ( ! m5 ( t    
age3              ,voi *e avvisate que/a
 dip9tura              ,di ,dio pietoso 
sommo creatore1              ,lo qual   
fe' tutte cose con amore                
,pesate1 num]ate ed 9 misura4           
,9 nove gradi angelica natura           
,9 ello empirio ciel pi5 di spl5dore1   
,colui *e non si muove et  motore1      

,ciascuna cosa fecie buona e pura4      
,levate gli oc*i del vo/ro intelletto   
,consid]ate quanto  ord9ato             
,lo mondo univ]sale2 e con affetto      
,lodate lui *e l' ha si b5 creato3      
,p5sate di pass>e a tal diletto         
,tra gli angeli1 dove e ciascun beato4  
,p] que/o mondo si v$e la gloria1       
,lo basso1 e il mezzo1 e ,palto 9 que/a 
/oria4  ,x 0 inde$ bold ( ,buonamico to 
set himself to make a ,god ! ,fa!r five 
braccia high1 ! hi]>*y1 ! heav5s1 !     
angels1 ! zodiac1 & all ! ?+s above to !
 sky ( ! moon1 & !n ! elem5t ( fire1 !  
air1 ! e>?1 & f9ally ! c5tre4 ,= ! two  
l[] corn]s he did a ,/ ,augu/9e & a ,/  
,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,at ! top ( ?is ,campo  
,santo1 :]e ! m>ble tomb ( ! ,corte n[  
is1 ,buonamico pa9t$ ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1
 ) a great numb] ( figures on foot & on 
horse1 all 9 v>i$ & beautiful attitudes1
 & 9 con=mity ) ! /ory4 ,he also did !  
,resurrection & ! ,app>ition ( ,*ri/ to 
! apo/les v satisfactorily4 ,:5 he _h   
complet$ ^! lab\rs1 & _h at ! same "t   

sp5t ev]y?+ t he _h ga9$ at ,pisa1 :i* 0
 n a little1 he return$ to ,flor5ce z   
poor z he _h left x1 & !re he did _m    
pictures & works 9 fresco1 :i* x is n   
necess>y to describe fur!r4 ,:5 8 close 
fri5d ,bruno1 ) :om he _h return$ f     
,pisa aft] squ&]+ ev]y?+1 0 employ$ to d
 "s works 9 ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 because 
he _h n mu* skill 9 design or inv5tion1 
,buonamico design$ = him all t he       
aft]w>ds did = a wall ( t *ur* opposite 
! pulpit1 fill+ ! space betwe5 column & 
column4 ,?is 0 ! /ory ( ,/ ,maurice & 8 
companions1 :o 7 behead$ = ! fai? (     
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,bruno execut$ ?is "w =   
,guido ,campese1 !n con/able ( !        
,flor5t9es4 ,! arti/ took 8 portrait    
be=e  8 dea?1 9 ! ye> #acbj1 & aft]w>ds 
put x 9 ?is "w1 z an arm$ man1 z 0      
cu/om>y 9 ^? days1 & beh9d him he made  
an array ( w>riors1 all arm$ 9 ! antique
 /yle1 =m+ a f9e spectacle1 :ile ,guido 
himself kneels be=e ,our ,lady1 :o has !
 *ild ,jesus 9 h] arms :ile ,/ ,dom5ic &
 ,/ ,agnes1 :o are on ei!r side ( h]1   

int]c$e = him4 ,al?\gh ?is pa9t+ is n   
rem>kable = its design & inv5tion1 yet x
 is wor?y ( "s am\nt ( praise1 *iefly on
 acc\nt ( ! v>iety ( clo?+1 & ( ! b>b$ &
 o!r arm\r ( ! "t4 ,i myself made use ( 
x 9 "s sc5es :i* ,i did = ,duke ,cosimo1
 9 :i* x 0 necess>y to repres5t an arm$ 
man 9 ! antique /yle & o!r simil> ?+s ( 
t age4 ,?is ?+ greatly pleas$ ,8 ,mo/   
,illu/ri\s ,excell5cy & o!rs :o h se5 x4
 ,f ?is x may be se5 :at an advantage x 
is to draw mat]ials f inv5tions & works 
made by ^! anci5ts1 = al?\gh !y are n   
p]fect1 yet x is useful to "k 9 :at     
mann] !y c be made ( s]vice1 s9ce !y    
op5$ ! way to !  m>vels :i* h s9ce be5  
produc$4 ,:il/ ,bruno 0 engag$ ^u ^!    
works1 a ru/ic desir$ him to d a ,/     
,*ri/oph]1 & !y made an agreem5t at     
,flor5ce1 ! t]ms be+ t ! price %\ld be  
eight flor9s1 & ! figure %\ld be twelve 
braccia high4 ,accord+ly ,buonamico w5t 
to ! *ur* :]e he 0 to d ! ,/ ,*ri/oph]1 
& f\nd t z its l5g? & bread? did n exce$
 n9e braccia he c\ld n manage to get !  

figure 91 s he det]m9$1 9 ord] to fulfil
 ! agreem5t1 to make ! figure ly+ d[n1 b
 z ev5 !n x w\ld n entirely come 91 he 0
 compell$ to turn x f ! knees d[nw>ds on
 to ano!r wall4 ,:5 ! "w 0 complet$ !   
ru/ic refus$ to pay = x1 exclaim+ t he  
_h be5 *eat$4 ,! matt] ?us came be=e !  
(ficial ( ! ,grascia1 :o judg$ t        
,buonamico 0 ju/ifi$ by ! t]ms ( !      
contract4  ,at ,s4 ,giovanni 9 l',arcore
 !re 0 a v f9e ,passion ( ,jesus ,*ri/  
by ,buonamico's h&1 & among o!r mu*     
admir$ ?+s x conta9$ a ,judas hang+ f a 
tree1 done ) mu* judgm5t & 9 good /yle4 
,!re 0 also an old man bl[+ 8 nose v    
naturally1 & ! ,m>ies are repres5t$ )   
su* a sad air 9 weep+ t !y m]it high    
praise = a "t :5 m5 _h n acquir$ !      
facility ( express+ ! emotions ( ! s\l )
 ! bru%4 ,9 ! same wall is a ,/ ,ivo (  
,brittany ) _m wid[s & orphans at 8     
feet--a good figure--& two angels 9 !   
air :o cr[n him1 execut$ 9 ! sweete/    
/yle4 ,?is build+1 toge!r ) ! pa9t+s1 0 
?r[n d[n 9 ! ye> ( ! w> ( #aebi4 ,aga9  

,buonamico pa9t$ _m ?+s 9 ! ,vescovado (
 ,cortona = ,m4 ,aldebr&o1 bi%op ( t    
city1 especially ! *apel & ! picture ( !
 high alt>2 b z dur+ ! re/oration ( !   
palace & *ur* ev]y?+ 0 ?r[n d[n1 x is n 
wor? :ile to say m ab\t !m4 ,9 ,s4      
,francesco & 9 ,s4 ,m>gh]ita ( ! same   
city1 !re are /ill "s pictures by ! h& (
 ,buonamico4 ,f ,cortona he w5t once m  
to ,assisi1 :]e 9 ! l[] *ur* ( ,s4      
,francesco he pa9t$ 9 fresco all ! *apel
 ( ! ,c>d9al ,egidio ,alv>o ( ,spa91 &  
because he 0 successful he 0 lib]ally   
recognis$ by ! c>d9al4 ,f9ally1 aft]    
,buonamico _h done _m pictures 9 e "p ( 
la ,m>ca1 he /ay$ at ,p]ugia on 8 way   
back to ,flor5ce1 & !re pa9t$ ! *apel ( 
! ,buontempi 9 fresco 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4    
,dom5ico1 repres5t+ sc5es f ! life ( ,/ 
,ca!r9e1 virg9 & m>tyr4 ,9 ! old *ur* ( 
,s4 ,dom5ico he pa9t$ also 9 fresco on !
 wall ! sc5e :]e ,/ ,ca!r9e1 daught] (  
,k+ ,co/a1 disputes )1 conv9ces1 &      
conv]ts c]ta9 philosoph]s to ! fai? (   
,*ri/4 ,z ?is sc5e is ! f9e/ t          

,buonamico ev] produc$1 x may be said ) 
tru? t he has surpass$ himself1 & mov$  
by ?is1 z ,franco ,sac*etti writes1 !   
,p]ugians direct$ t he %\ld pa9t on !   
piazza ,/ ,ercolano1 bi%op & protector (
 t city4 ,accord+ly :5 ! t]ms _h be5    
settl$ a scre5 ( bo>ds & wick] "w 0 made
 9 ! place :]e he 0 to pa9t1 s t ! ma/] 
%\ld n be se5 at "w1 & ?is done he set  
himself to ! task4 ,b be=e t5 days _h   
pass$ ev]yone :o pass$ ask$ :5 ! picture
 w\ld be f9i%$1 z if su* ?+s 7 ca/ 9    
m\lds4 ,?is disgu/$ ,buonamico1 :o 0    
ang]$ by su* importunity1 & :5 ! "w 0   
f9i%$ he resolv$ to be quietly av5g$ on 
! p = _! impati5ce4 ,an idea came to    
him1 & be=e he uncov]$ 8 "w he %[$ x to 
! p1 :o 7 delight$4 ,b :5 ! ,p]ugians   
want$ to remove ! scre51 ,buonamico said
 t !y mu/ let x rema9 = two days long]1 
because he wi%$ to ret\* "s ?+s a secco1
 & ?is 0 done4 ,buonamico !n climb$ up  
to :]e he _h made a great diadem ( gold 
= ! sa9t1 done 9 relief ) ! lime1 z 0   
cu/om>y 9 ^? days1 & replac$ x by a cr[n

 or g>l& ( fi%4 ,t done1 p]mission to   
dep>t be+ grant$ to him1 he w5t away to 
,flor5ce4 ,:5 two days _h pass$1 !      
,p]ugians n see+ ! pa9t] ab\t1 z he 0   
accu/om$ to be1 enquir$ :at _h become ( 
him1 & le>n$ t he _h return$ to         
,flor5ce4 ,accord+ly !y at once w5t to  
uncov] ! "w1 & f\nd _! ,/ ,ercolano     
solemnly cr[n$ ) fi%es4 ,!y imm$iately  
in=m$ _! magi/rates1 & horsem5 7 s5t (f 
9 ha/e to f9d ,buonamico4 ,b all 0 9    
va91 s9ce he _h return$ ) great spe$ to 
,flor5ce4 ,!y1 !re=e1 agre$ to get "o ( 
_! own pa9t]s to remove ! cr[n ( fi%es &
 to repa9t ! sa9t's diadem1 say+ all !  
evil ?+s imag9able ( ,buonamico & ( !   
o!r ,flor5t9es4 ,?us ,buonamico return$ 
to ,flor5ce1 c>+ little = :at !         
,p]ugians said1 & began to d _m works   
:i* ,i %all n m5tion = fe> ( be+ too    
t$i\s4 ,i w only rem>k t hav+ pa9t$ a   
,madonna & *ild at ,calc9aia1 ! man :o  
_h commission$ him to pa9t x1 gave him  
promises in/ead ( gold4 ,buonamico1 :o  
_h n reckon$ ^u be+ us$ & *eat$ 9 ?is   

way1 det]m9$ to be ev5 ) him4 ,accord+ly
 he w5t "o morn+ to ,calc9aia & conv]t$ 
! *ild :i* he _h pa9t$ 9 ! ,virg9's arms
 into a little be>1 ) simple t9ts1 )\t  
glue or temp]a1 b made ) wat] only4 ,:5 
! c\ntryman saw ?is n long aft]1 he 0 9 
despair1 & w5t to f9d ,buonamico1 begg+ 
him to be s good z to remove ! be> &    
repa9t a *ild z at fir/1 because he 0   
ready to satisfy him4 ,buonamico did ?is
 ) pleasure1 = a wet sponge suffic$ to  
set ev]y?+ "r1 & he 0 paid = 8 fir/ &   
second lab\rs )\t fur!r delay4 ,z ,i    
%\ld occupy too mu* space if ,i wi%$ to 
describe all ! je/s & pa9t+s (          
,buonamico ,buffalmacco1 especially ^!  
p]petrat$ 9 ! work%op ( ,maso del       
,saggio1 :i* 0 a resort ( citiz5s & (   
all ! pleasant & je/-lov+ m5 9 ,flor5ce1
 ,i %all conclude ?is notice ( him4 ,he 
di$ at ! age ( sev5ty-eight1 & he 0 ( ! 
company ( ! ,mis]icordia1 because he 0 v
 poor1 & _h sp5t m ?an he _h e>n$1 t be+
 8 temp]am5t1 & 9 8 mis=tunes he w5t to 
,s4 ,m>ia ,nuova1 a hospital ( ,flor5ce4

 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ! ye> #acdj1 l ! o!r poor
 9 ! ,ossa1 ! "n ( a cloi/] or cemet]y (
 ! hospital4 ,8 works 7 valu$ dur+ 8    
lifetime1 & !y h s9ce be5 consid]$      
m]itori\s = productions ( t age4        
,ambruogio ,lor5zetti1 ,pa9t] ( ,si5a4  
,great z ! debt ow$ by arti/s ( g5ius to
 ,nature und\bt$ly is1 our debt to !m is
 f> great]1 see+ t !y lab\r to fill our 
cities ) noble & useful build+s & )     
beautiful pa9t+s1 :ile !y usually w9    
fame & ri*es = !mselves4 ,?is 0 ! case )
 ,ambruogio ,lor5zetti1 pa9t] ( ,si5a1  
^: p[]s ( inv5tion 7 f9e & prolific1 &  
:o excell$ 9 ! arrangem5t & disposition 
( ! figures 9 8 subjects4 ,evid5ce ( ?is
 may be se5 at ! ,fri>s ,m9ors at ,si5a 
9 a v gracefully pa9t$ sc5e by him 9 !  
cloi/]4 ,"h he repres5t$ ! mann] 9 :i* a
 y\? becomes a fri>1 & h[ he & "s o!rs g
 to ! ,soldan1 & are !re beat5 & s5t5c$ 
to ! gall[s1 hung to a tree1 & f9ally   
behead$1 dur+ ! progress ( a fe>ful     
tempe/4 ,9 ?is pa9t+ he has v admirably 
& skilfully depict$ ! di/urbance ( ! & !

 fury ( ! ra9 & w9d1 by ! ef=ts ( !     
figures4 ,f ^! mod]n ma/]s h le>n$      
orig9ally h[ to treat su* a sc5e1 = :i* 
reason ! arti/ des]ves ! highe/         
comm5dation4 ,ambruogio 0 a skilful     
col\ri/ 9 fresco1 & he exhibit$ great   
address & dext]ity 9 8 treatm5t ( col\rs
 9 temp]a1 z may /ill be se5 9 !        
pictures :i* he complet$ at ,si5a 9 !   
hospital call$ ,mona ,agnesa1 9 :i* he  
pa9t$ & f9i%$ a sc5e ) new & beautiful  
composition4 ,on ! front ( ! great      
hospital he did 9 fresco ! ,nativity (  
,our ,lady1 & :5 %e goes among ! virg9s 
to ! temple4 ,= ! fri>s ( ,/ ,augu/9e 9 
t city he did ! *apt]h\se1 on ! vault ( 
:i* are repres5t$ ! ,apo/les hold+      
scrolls conta9+ t "p ( ! ,cr$o :i* ea* (
 !m made4 ,at ! foot ( ea* is a small   
sc5e repres5t+ ! mean+ ( ! writ+ above4 
,on ! pr9cipal wall are ?ree sc5es ( !  
life ( ,/ ,ca!r9e ! ,m>tyr1 repres5t+ h]
 dispute ) ! tyrant 9 ! temple1 & 9 !   
middle is ! ,passion ( ,*ri/ ) ! ?ieves 
on ! ,cross & ! ,m>ies bel[1 support+ ! 

,virg91 :o has fall5 d[n4 ,^! ?+s 7     
f9i%$ by ,ambruogio ) consid]able grace1
 & 9 a good /yle4 ,he also depict$ 9 !  
great hall ( ! palace ( ! ,signoria at  
,si5a ! w> ( ,as9alunga1 ! peace foll[+1
 & ! ev5ts :i* !n took place1 compris+ a
 map1 p]fect = ! "t4 ,9 ! same palace he
 did eight sc5es 9 t]ra v]de v smoo?ly4 
,x is said t he also s5t to ,volt]ra a  
picture 9 temp]a1 :i* 0 mu* admir$ 9 t  
city2 & at ,massa1 9 conjunction ) o!rs1
 he did a *apel 9 fresco & a picture 9  
temp]a1 %[+ ! excell5ce ( 8 judgm5t &   
tal5t 9 ! art ( pa9t+4 ,at ,orvieto he  
pa9t$ 9 fresco ! pr9cipal *apel ( ,/    
,m>y4 ,aft] ^! works he betook himself  
to ,flor5ce1 & 9 ,s4 ,procolo did a     
picture & ! life ( ,/ ,ni*olas on small 
figures 9 a *apel1 to please "s ( 8     
fri5ds1 :o 7 anxi\s to see a specim5 ( 8
 "w4 ,he complet$ ?is pa9t+ 9 s %ort a  
"t1 & ) su* skill1 t he greatly increas$
 8 "n & reputation4 ,?is "w1 9 ! pr$ella
 ( :i* he made 8 own portrait1 procur$  
him an invitation to ,cortona1 by comm& 

( ! ,bi%op degli ,ub]t9i1 !n "l ( t     
city1 :]e he work$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4       
,m>gh]ita1 :i* _h %ortly be=e be5 erect$
 on ! summit ( ! m\nta9 = ! fri>s ( ,/  
,francis4 ,"s ( ?is1 p>ticul>ly p>ts ( !
 vault+ & walls1 is s well done1 t ev5  
n[ :5 !y are almo/ de/roy$ by "t1 x is  
cle> t ! figures _h v good expressions1 
& %[ t he des]v$ ! comm5dation :i* he   
receiv$4 ,on ! completion ( ?is "w      
,ambruogio return$ to ,si5a1 :]e he     
pass$ ! rema9d] ( 8 days1 hon\r$ n only 
because he 0 an excell5t ma/] 9 pa9t+1 b
 also because 9 8 y\? he _h devot$      
himself to lett]s1 :i* 7 a sweet &      
useful companion to pa9t+1 & su* an     
ornam5t to all 8 life1 t !y r5d]$ him no
 less amiable & pleas+ ?an ! pr(ession (
 pa9t+ _h done4 ,?us he n only conv]s$ )
 m5 ( lett]s & ( wor?1 b 0 also employ$ 
on ! affairs ( 8 republic ) mu* hon\r & 
pr(it4 ,! mann]s ( ,ambruogio 7 9 e     
respect m]itori\s1 & r ^? ( a g5tleman &
 a philosoph] ?an ( an arti/4 ,moreov]1 
& ?is te/s ! prud5ce ( m5 m sev]ely1 he 

0 always ready to accept :at ! _w & "t  
br\ght him1 s t he support$ ) an equable
 m9d ! good & ! evil :i* ,=tune s5t him4
 ,9 tru? x is impossible to ov]e/imate  
:at art ga9s by good society1 g5tle     
mann]s1 & mode/y1 jo9$ ) o!r excell5t   
traits1 especially :5 ^! emanate f !    
intellect & f sup]ior m9ds4 ,?us ev]yone
 %\ld r5d] himself no less pleas+ by 8  
"* ?an by ! excell5ce ( 8 art4 ,at ! end
 ( 8 life ,ambruogio execut$ a mu*      
admir$ picture = ,monte ,oliveto (      
,*iusuri4 ,soon aft]1 at ! age (        
eighty-?ree1 he pass$ 9 a happy &       
,*ri/ian mann] to ! bett] life4 ,8 works
 7 execut$ ab\t #acdj4  ,z has be5 said1
 ! portrait ( ,ambruogio by 8 own h& may
 be se5 9 ,s4 ,procolo 9 ! pr$ella ( 8  
picture1 :]e he is we>+ a hood on 8     
head4 ,8 skill z a design] may be se5 9 
our book1 :i* conta9s "s ?+s by 8 h& (  
consid]able m]it4     ,pietro ,cavall9i1
 ,pa9t] ( ,rome4   ,at a "t :5  ,rome _h
 be5 depriv$ = _m c5turies1 n only (    
good lett]s & ( ! glory ( arms1 b also (

 all ! sci5ces & f9e arts1 !re 0 born 9 
t city1 by ,god's w1 "o ,pietro         
,cavall9i1 at ! v "t :5 ,giotto1 :o may 
be said to h re/or$ life to pa9t+1 _h   
atta9$ to !  *ief place among ! pa9t]s (
 ,italy4 ,pietro1 :o _h be5 a pupil (   
,giotto1 & _h done "s mosaics ) him 9 ,/
 ,pet]'s1 0 ! fir/ aft] him :o illum9at$
 t art1 & :o fir/ %[$ signs t he 0 n an 
unwor?y pupil ( s great a ma/]1 :5 he   
pa9t$ ov] ! door ( ! sacri/y at         
,araceli1 "s sc5es :i* are n[ de/roy$ by
 "t1 & 9 ,s4 ,m>ia di ,tra/ev]e v _m    
col\r$ ?+s 9 fresco = ! :ole *ur*4      
,aft]w>ds he work$ 9 mosaic 9 ! pr9cipal
 *apel1 & did ! front ( ! *ur*1 prov+ t 
he 0 capable ( work+ 9 mosaic )\t       
,giotto's assi/ance1 z he _h already    
succe$$ 9 do+ 9 pa9t+4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,s4  
,grisogono he also did _m sc5es 9 fresco
 & endeav\r$ to make himself kn[n z !   
be/ pupil ( ,giotto & z a good arti/4 ,9
 ! ,tra/ev]e also he pa9t$ almo/ ! :ole 
( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,cecilia 9 fresco1 & _m  
?+s 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco appresso  

,ripa4 ,he !n execut$ 9 mosaic ! front (
 ,s4 ,paolo1 outside ,rome1 & 9 ! middle
 nave did _m sc5es f ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,9
 execut+ "s ?+s 9 fresco = ! *apt]-h\se 
( ! fir/ cloi/]1 he display$ su*        
dilig5ce t he 0 consid]$ by m5 ( judgm5t
 to be a mo/ excell5t ma/]1 & 0 = ! same
 reason s mu* fav\r$ by ! prelates1 t !y
 employ$ him to d ! wall space betwe5 ! 
w9d[s inside ,/ ,pet]'s4 ,among ^! ?+s  
he did ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 ( extraord9>y 
size z comp>$ ) ! figures ( ! "t usually
 se51 execut$ v f9ely 9 fresco2 also a  
,/ ,pet] & a ,/ ,paul1 & 9 ! nave a good
 numb] ( figures1 9 :i*1 because !      
,byzant9e /yle greatly pleas$ him1 he   
always us$ x 9 conjunction ) t (        
,giotto4 ,we see by ?is "w t he sp>$ no 
ef=t to give 8 figures ! utmo/ possible 
relief4 ,b ! be/ "w produc$ by him 9 t  
city 0 9 ! *ur* ( ,araceli sul          
,campidoglio m5tion$ above1 :]e he pa9t$
 9 fresco on ! vault+ ( ! pr9cipal apse1
 ,our ,lady ) ! *ild 9 h] arms1 surr\nd$
 by a circle ( suns2 b5ea? h] is !      

,emp]or ,octavian1 adorn+ ! ,*ri/ :o is 
po9t$ out to him by ! ,tiburt9e sybil4  
,! figures 9 ?is "w1 z has be5 said     
else:]e1 are mu* bett] pres]v$ ?an !    
o!rs1 because du/ _c attack ! vault+ s  
s]i\sly z ! walls4 ,aft] ^! ?+s ,pietro 
came to ,tuscany 9 ord] to see ! works (
 ! o!r pupils ( 8 ma/] ,giotto1 & ^? ( !
 ma/] himself4 ,^u ?is occasion he pa9t$
 9 ,s4 ,m>co at ,flor5ce _m figures :i* 
are n visible to-day1 ! *ur* hav+ be5   
:itewa%$ ) ! exception ( an             
,annunciation :i* is beside ! pr9cipal  
door ( ! *ur*1 & :i* is cov]$ ov]4 ,9   
,s4 ,basilio1 by ! aide ( ! ,mac9e1 !re 
is ano!r ,annunciation 9 fresco on !    
wall1 s simil> to ! "o :i* he _h        
previ\sly made = ,s4 ,m>co1 & to ano!r  
:i* is at ,flor5ce t !re are ^? :o      
believe1 n )\t "s am\nt ( reason1 t all 
( !m are by ! h& ( ?is ,pietro2 c]ta9ly 
x is impossible t !y c\ld m closely     
resemble ea* o!r4 ,among ! figures :i*  
he made = ,s4 ,m>co ( ,flor5ce 0 !      
portrait ( ,pope ,urban ,v41 ) ! heads (

 ,/ ,pet] & ,/ ,paul4 ,f ?is portrait   
,fra ,giovanni da ,fiesole copi$ ! "o   
:i* is 9 a picture 9 ,s4 ,dom5ico1 also 
at ,fiesole4 ,?is is a =tunate          
circum/ance because ! portrait :i* 0 9  
,s4 ,m>co 0 cov]$ ) :itewa% z ,i h said1
 toge!r ) _m o!r figures 9 fresco 9 t   
*ur*1 :5 ! conv5t 0 tak5 f ! monks :o 7 
!re orig9ally & giv5 to ! ,fri>s        
,prea*]s1 ev]y?+ be+ :itewa%$ ) little  
judgm5t & discretion4 ,on 8 way back to 
,rome ,pietro pass$ ?r\gh ,assisi 9 ord]
 n only to see ! build+s & notable works
 done !n by 8 ma/] & by "s ( 8          
fell[-pupils1 b to leave some?+ ( 8 own 
!re4 ,9 ! transept on ! sacri/y side ( !
 l[] *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco he pa9t$ 9   
fresco a ,crucifixion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ )  
arm$ m5 on horseback1 9 v>i$ fa%ions1 ) 
a great v>iety ( extraord9>y co/umes    
*>act]i/ic ( div]s =eign nations4 ,9 !  
air he made "s angels float+ on _! w+s 9
 v>i\s attitudes2 all are weep+1 "s     
press+ _! h&s to _! brea/s1 "s cross+   
!m1 & "s beat+ _! h&s1 %[+ ! extremity (

 _! grief at ! dea? ( ! ,son ( ,god1 &  
all melt into ! air1 f ! middle d[nw>ds1
 or f ! middle upw>ds4 ,9 ?is "w :i* is 
well execut$ 9 fre% & vivaci\s col\r+1 !
 jo9ts ( ! lime are s well made t x     
looks z if x _h all be5 done 9 a s+le   
day3 9 x ,i h f\nd ! arms ( ,walt]1     
,duke ( ,a!ns1 b z x conta9s no date or 
o!r writ+1 ,i _c affirm t x 0 execut$ by
 comm& ( t pr9ce4 ,b besides ! fact t   
ev]yone consid]s x to be by ,pietro's   
h&1 ! /yle alone is a suffici5t         
indication1 :ile x seems mo/ probable t 
! "w 0 made by ,pietro at ! duke's comm&
 see+ t ! pa9t] fl\ri%$ at ! "t :5 !    
duke 0 9 ,italy4 ,be t z x may1 ! pa9t+ 
is c]ta9ly admirable = an antique       
production1 & its /yle1 besides ! common
 report1 proclaims x z be+ by ,pietro's 
h&4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>co at ,orvieto1  
:i* conta9s ! mo/ holy relic ( !        
,corporale1 ,pietro execut$ 9 fresco "s 
sc5es ( ! life ( ,*ri/ & ( ,8 body1 )   
mu* dilig5ce4 ,x is said t he did ?is = 
,m4 ,b5$etto1 son  ( ,m4 ,buonconte     

,monaldes*i1 at t "t "l & tyrant ( !    
city4 ,"s fur!r affirm t ,pietro made "s
 sculptures ) success1 because he       
excell$ 9 :atev] he set himself to d1 & 
t ! ,crucifix :i* is 9 ! great *ur* (   
,s4 ,paolo outside ,rome is by him4 ,?is
 is said to be ! same "o t spoke to ,/  
,brigida 9 ! ye> #acgj1 & we are b\nd to
 believe x4 ,by ! same h& 7 "s o!r ?+s 9
 t /yle :i* 7 ?r[n d[n :5 ! old *ur* (  
,/ ,pet]'s 0 de/roy$ to make ! new "o4  
,pietro 0 v dilig5t 9 all 8 ef=ts &     
endeav\r$ /eadily to d himself hon\r &  
to acquire fame 9 art4 ,n only 0 he a   
good ,*ri/ian1 b v devot$ & k9d to !    
poor1 & belov$ = 8 goodness1 n only 9 8 
native city ( ,rome1 b by e "o :o knew  
him or 8 works4 ,9 8 extreme old age he 
devot$ himself s ?or\ghly to religion1  
lead+ an exempl>y life1 t he 0 consid]$ 
almo/ a sa9t4 ,?us !re is no cause =    
m>vel if 8 crucifix spoke to ! sa9t1 z  
is said1 nor t a ,madonna1 by 8 h&1 has 
work$ & /ill works miracles4 ,i d n     
propose to speak ( ?is "w1 al?\gh x is  

fam\s ?r\gh\t ,italy1 & al?\gh x is all 
b c]ta9 t x is by ,pietro's h& by ! /yle
 ( ! pa9t+1 b ,pietro's admirable life &
 piety to ,god are wor?y ( imitation by 
all m54 ,let no "o believe by ?is t x is
 impossible to atta9 to hon\r$ rank )\t 
good conduct1 & )\t ! fe> & grace (     
,god1 = con/ant exp]i5ce proves !       
contr>y4 ,giovanni ( ,pi/oia 0 a pupil (
 ,pietro1 & did "s ?+s ( no great       
importance 9 8 native place4 ,pietro di$
 at l5g? 9 ,rome1 at ! age (            
eighty-five1 ( a malady 9 8 side caus$  
by work+ at a wall1 by ! damp & by /&+  
cont9ually at t ex]cise4 ,8 pa9t+s 7    
execut$ ab\t #acfd4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ,s4   
,paolo outside ,rome1 ) hon\r1 & ) ?is  
epitaph3            ,quantum ,romans    
,petrus decus addidit urbi              
,pictura1 tantum1 dat decus ipse polo4  
,simone ,m>t9i & ,lippo ,memmi1 ,pa9t]s 
( ,si5a4   ,happy inde$ may we call ^?  
m5 :o are incl9$ by nature to ^? arts   
:i* may br+ !m n only hon\r & great     
pr(it1 b :at is m1 fame1 & an all b     

immortal "n4 ,h[ mu* m happy !n are ^?  
:o1 f _! cradle1 besides su* an         
incl9ation1 exhibit g5tl5ess & civil    
mann]s1 :i* r5d] !m v acceptable to all 
m54 ,b ! mo/ happy ( all1 ,i speak (    
arti/s1 are ^? :o1 besides hav+ a       
natural incl9ation to ! good1 & ^:      
mann]s are noble by nature & tra9+1 live
 9 ! "t ( "s fam\s writ]1 by ^: works !y
 sometimes receive a rew>d ( et]nal     
hon\r & fame 9 return = "s small        
portrait or o!r c\rtesy ( an arti/ic    
k9d4 ,?is rew>d %\ld be specially desir$
 & s\ght aft] by pa9t]s1 s9ce _! works1 
be+ on a surface & a field ( col\r1 _c  
hope = t et]nity t bronze & m>ble give  
to sculpture1 & :i* ! /r5g? ( build+    
mat]ials af=d to ! ar*itect4 ,x 0 ?us a 
v =tunate matt] = ,simone t he liv$ 9 ! 
"t ( ,m4 ,francesco ,petr>ca1 & happ5$  
to meet ?is amor\s poet at ! c\rt (     
,avignon1 anxi\s to h ! portrait (      
,madonna ,laura by 8 h&2 because :5 he  
_h receiv$ "o z beautiful z he desir$1  
he celebrat$ ,simone 9 two sonnets1 "o (

 :i* beg9s3            ,p] mir>         
,policleto a prova fiso            ,con 
gli altri1 *e ebb] fama di quell' arte2 
& ! o!r3            ,qu&o giunse a      
,simon l'alto concetto            ,*'a  
mio nome gli pose 9 man lo /ile4  ,9    
tru? ^! sonnets & ! m5tion ( ! arti/ 9  
"o ( 8 intimate lett]s 9 ! fif? book1   
beg9n+ ,non sum nescius1 h giv5 m fame  
to ! poor life ( ,simone ?an all 8 own  
works h done or ev] w d1 = a day w come 
:5 !y w be no m1 :]eas ! writ+s ( su* a 
man z ,petr>* endure = all "t4  ,simone 
,memmi ( ,si5a !n 0 an excell5t pa9t]1  
rem>kable 9 8 own day & mu* e/eem$ at ! 
,pope's c\rt1 because1 aft] ! dea? ( 8  
ma/] ,giotto1 :om he _h foll[$ to ,rome 
:5 he did ! ,navicella 9 mosaic1 & o!r  
?+s1 he _h imitat$ 8 ma/]'s /yle 9 mak+ 
a ,virg9 ,m>y 9 ! por* ( ,/ ,pet]'s1 & a
 ,/ ,pet] & a ,/ ,paul 9 t place ne> :]e
 ! bronze p9e apple is1 9 a wall betwe5 
! ar*es ( ! portico1 on ! outside4 ,=   
?is /yle he 0 prais$1 especially z he _h
 introduc$ into ! "w a portrait ( a     

sacri/an ( ,/ ,pet]'s light+ "s lamps1 &
 has made 8 figures v vigor\s4 ,?is l$  
to ,simone be+ summon$ v urg5tly to !   
,pope's c\rt at ,avignon1 :]e he execut$
 s _m pictures 9 fresco & on panels t 8 
works realis$ ! fame :i* _h prec$$ him  
?i!r4 ,return+ to ,si5a 9 great cr$it & 
high 9 fav\r1 he 0 employ$ by !         
,signoria to pa9t 9 fresco a ,virg9     
,m>y1 ) _m figures ab\t h] 9 a *amb] 9  
_! palace4 ,he complet$ ?is ) e         
p]fection1 to 8 great glory & advantage4
 ,9 ord] to %[ t he 0 no less skilful 9 
pa9t+ on panels ?an 9 fresco1 he execut$
 a panel 9 t palace1 = :i* reason he 0  
aft]w>ds commission$ to d two 9 ! ,duomo
 & a ,madonna ) ! *ild 9 h] arms 9 a mo/
 beautiful attitude1 above ! door ( !   
op]a ( t build+4 ,9 ?is picture "s      
angels :i* are hold+ up a /&>d 9 ! air1 
are fly+ & look+ d[n on sa9ts bel[ !m1  
:o are surr\nd+ ,our ,lady1 =m+ a v     
beautiful & decorative composition4 ,t  
done1 ,simone 0 invit$ to ,flor5ce by ! 
g5]al ( ,/ ,augu/9e & did ! *apt]-h\se 9

 ,s4 ,spirito1 %[+ rem>kable inv5tion & 
judgm5t 9 ! figures & horses1 z may be  
believ$ on see+ ! /ory ( ! ,passion (   
,*ri/1 rem>kable alike = ! +5uity1      
discretion1 & exquisite grace display$  
by ! arti/4 ,! ?ieves on ! cross are se5
 9 ! act ( expir+1 ! s\l ( ! good "o be+
 c>ri$ ) rejoic+ to heav5 by angels1    
:ile t ( ! guilty "o is r\ghly dragg$   
d[n by devils to hell4 ,simone has also 
%[n orig9ality & judgm5t 9 ! disposition
 & bitt] weep+ ( "s angels ab\t ! cross4
 ,b mo/ rem>kable ( all is ! way 9 :i* !
 spirits cleave ! air ) _! %\ld]s1      
because !y ma9ta9 ! movem5t ( _! flight 
:ile turn+ 9 a circle4 ,?is "w w\ld     
supply mu* cle>] evid5ce ( ,simone's    
excell5ce if1 9 addition to ! ravages ( 
"t1 x _h n be5 fur!r damag$ 9 ! ye>     
#aefj1 ?r\gh ! fa!rs :o1 n be+ able to  
use ! *apt]-h\se on acc\nt ( ! damp1 &  
?r[+ d[n ! little t rema9$ ( ! pa9t+s ( 
?is man1 9 replac+ a worm-eat5 floor by 
vault+4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,simone pa9t$ 9 
temp]a on a panel ,our ,lady & a ,/     

,luke ) o!r sa9ts1 :i* is to-day 9 !    
*apel ( ! ,gondi 9 ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1  
sign$ ) 8 "n4 ,simone aft]w>ds did ?ree 
sides ( ! *apt]-h\se ( ,s4 ,m>ia        
,novella v successfully4 ,on ! fir/1 t  
ov] ! entrance door1 he did ! life ( ,/ 
,dom5ic2 on ! next "o t[>ds ! *ur* he   
repres5t$ ! religi\s & ord] ( t sa9t    
fight+ aga9/ ! h]etics1 :o are repres5t$
 by wolves attack+ "s %eep1 ^! be+      
def5d$ by a numb] ( dogs1 spott$ :ite & 
black1 ! wolves be+ repuls$ & sla94 ,!re
 are also "s h]etics :o h be5 conv9c$ 9 
! disputes & are te>+ up _! books1 &1   
hav+ rep5t$1 !y confess1 & _! s\ls pass 
to ! gate ( ,p>adise1 9 :i* are _m small
 figures do+ v>i\s ?+s4 ,9 heav5 is se5 
! glory ( ! sa9ts & ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 !  
_w bel[ ! pleasures & delights are      
repres5t$ by human figures1 especially  
"s ladies1 seat$ among :om is ,petr>*'s 
,laura drawn f life1 clo!d 9 gre51 ) a  
small flame ( fire betwe5 h] brea/ & h] 
?roat4 ,!re also is ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1    
gu>d+ :i* are ! ,pope1 ! ,emp]or1 ! ,k+1

 ,c>d9als1 ,bi%ops1 & all !  ,*ri/ian   
,pr9ces1 among !m1 beside a knight (    
,rhodes1 ,m4 ,francesco ,petr>*1 also   
drawn f life1 :i* ,simone did 9 ord] to 
keep gre5 ! memory ( ! man :o _h made   
him immortal4 ,= ! ,*ur* ,univ]sal he   
made ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 n z 
x /&s to-day1 b z he _h tak5 x f ! model
 & design left by ! ar*itect ,arnolfo 9 
! ,op]a1 z a guide to ^? :o 7 to cont9ue
 ! build+ aft] 8 dea?4 ,z ,i h said     
else:]e1 no  memory ( ^! models w\ld h  
be5 pres]v$1 ow+ to ! neglig5ce ( !     
w>d5s ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 _h n      
,simone pa9t$ !m 9 ?is "w4 ,on ! ?ird   
side1 t ( ! alt>1 he did ! ,passion (   
,*ri/1 :o is go+ up f ,j]usalem ) !     
cross on ,8 %\ld]1 & proce$s to ,m\nt   
,calv>y1 foll[$ by a ?rong ( p1 :]e ,he 
is se5 rais$ on ! cross betwe5 ! ?ieves1
 toge!r ) ! o!r incid5ts ( t /ory4 ,i   
%all n attempt to describe ! pres5ce ( a
 good numb] ( horses1 ! ?r[+ ( lots by !
 s]vants ( ! c\rt = ! raim5t ( ,*ri/1 ! 
release ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs f limbo1 & all 

! o!r clev] inv5tions :i* w\ld be mo/   
excell5t 9 a mod]n ma/] & are rem>kable 
9 an anci5t "o4 ,"h he occupies ! entire
 wall & c>efully makes ! diff]5t sc5es1 
"o above ! o!r1 n divid+ ! sep>ate      
subjects f "o ano!r by ornam5ts1 z  !   
anci5ts us$ to d1 & accord+ to !        
practice ( _m mod]ns1 :o put ! e>? above
 ! air f\r or five times4 ,?is has be5  
done 9 ! pr9cipal *apel ( ! same *ur*1 &
 9 ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa1 :]e ,simone
 pa9t$ _m ?+s 9 fresco1 & 0 compell$    
aga9/ 8 w to make su* divisions1 z ! o!r
 pa9t]s :o _h work$ !re1 su* z ,giotto &
 ,buonamico 8 ma/]1 _h  begun ! sc5es 9 
?is bad /yle4 ,accord+ly he cont9u$ t   
/yle 9 ! ,campo ,santo1 & made 9 fresco 
a ,madonna above ! pr9cipal door on !   
inside4 ,%e is borne to heav5 by a *oir 
( angels1 :o s+ & play s reali/ically t 
!y exhibit all ! v>i\s expressions :i*  
musicians are accu/om$ to %[ :5 play+ or
 s++1 su* z b5d+ ! e> to ! s\nd1 op5+ ! 
m\? 9 v>i\s ways1 rais+ ! eyes to heav51
 puff+ ! *eeks1 swell+ ! ?roat1 & 9 %ort

 all ! movem5ts :i* are made 9 music4   
,"u ?is ,assumption1 9 ?ree pictures1 he
 did ! life ( ,/ ,rani]i ( ,pisa4 ,9 !  
fir/ is ! y\? play+ ! psalt]1 to !      
music ( :i* "s little *ildr5 are        
danc+1--v beautiful = ! arrangem5t ( !  
folds1 ! ornam5tation ( ! clo!s1 & !    
head-dresses ( ^? times4 ,! same ,rani]i
 is next se5 rescu$ f su* lascivi\sness 
by ,/ ,alb]t ! h]mit4 ,he /&s weep+ ) 8 
face d[n1 & 8 eyes r$ ) te>s1 full (    
rep5tance = 8 s91 :ile ,god 9 ! air1    
surr\nd$ by a heav5ly light1 makes z if 
to p>don him4 ,! second picture         
repres5ts ,rani]i di/ribut+ 8 prop]ty   
among ,god's poor1 !n m\nt+ into a b>que
 he has ab\t him a ?rong ( poor & maim$1
 ( wom5 & *ildr51 anxi\sly press+ =w>d  
to petition & to ?ank him4 ,9 ! same    
picture is :5 ! sa9t aft] receiv+ !     
pilgrim's dress 9 ! *ur*1 /&s be=e ,our 
,lady1 :o is  surr\nd$ by _m angels1 &  
%[s him t he %all re/1 9 h] bosom at    
,pisa4 ,! heads ( all ^! figures are    
vigor\s ) a f9e be>+4 ,! ?ird picture   

repres5ts ! sa9t's return aft] sev5 ye>s
 f beyond ! sea1 :]e he _h sp5t ?ree    
t]ms ( =ty days 9 ! ,holy ,l&1 & h[ :ile
 /&+ 9 ! *oir & he>+ ! div9e (fices :]e 
a numb] ( boys are s++1 he is tempt$ by 
! devil1 :o is se5 to be repell$ by !   
firm purpose guid+ ,rani]i n to (f5d    
,god1 assi/$ by a figure made by ,simone
 to repres5t ,con/ancy1 :o drives away !
 anci5t adv]s>y repres5t$ ) f9e         
orig9ality n only z t]rifi$1 b hold+ 8  
h&s to 8 head 9 8 flight1 ) 8 head buri$
 z f> z possible 9 8 %\ld]s1 & say+1    
accord+ to ! words issu+ f 8 m\?3 ,i c d
 no m4 ,! la/ sc5e 9 ! same picture is  
:5  ,rani]i kneel+ on ,m\nt ,tabor sees 
,*ri/ miracul\sly 9 ! air ) ,moses &    
,elias4 ,all ! p>ts ( ?is "w & o!r ?+s  
:i* conc]n x %[ t ,simone 0 v +5i\s1 &  
und]/ood ! good me?od ( compos+ figures 
lightly 9 ! /yle ( ! "t4 ,:5 ^! sc5es 7 
f9i%$ he made two pictures 9 temp]a 9 ! 
same city1 assi/$ by ,lippo ,memmi 8    
bro!r1 :o _h also help$ him to pa9t !   
*apt]-h\se ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella & o!r   

works4 ,al?\gh ,lippo did n possess     
,simone's g5ius1 yet he foll[$ 8 /yle s 
f> z he 0 able1 & did _m ?+s 9 fresco1 9
 conjunction ) 8 bro!r 9 ,s4 ,croce at  
,flor5ce1 ! picture ( ! high alt> ( !   
,fri>s ,prea*]s 9 ,s4 ,cat>9a at ,pisa1 
& 9 ,s4 ,paolo on ! ,riv] ,arno1 &      
besides _m beautiful sc5es 9 fresco1 he 
did ! picture 9 temp]a n[ ov] ! high    
alt>1 compris+ ,our ,lady1 ,/ ,pet]1 ,/ 
,paul1 ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/1 & o!r sa9ts1 
to :i* "w ,lippo put 8 "n4 ,aft] ^! ?+s 
he did by himself a picture 9 temp]a = !
 fri>s ( ,/ ,augu/9e 9 ,s4 ,gimigniano1 
& acquir$ su* fame !reby1 t he 0 oblig$ 
to s5d to ,arezzo to ! ,bi%op ,guido de'
 ,t>lati a picture ) ?ree half-l5g?     
figures1 :i* is n[ 9 ! *apel ( ,/       
,gregory 9 ! ,vescovado4 ,:ile ,simone 0
 work+ at ,flor5ce1 a c\s9 ( 8 :o 0 a   
clev] ar*itect1 ,n]occio by "n1 succe$$ 
9 ! ye> #accb 9 s\nd+ ! great bell ( !  
commune ( ,flor5ce1 :i* no "o _h be5    
able to accompli% = ! space ( sev5te5   
ye>s1 except by ! ef=ts ( twelve m54    

,?is man1 h[ev]1 balanc$ x s t x c\ld be
 mov$ by two p]sons1 & :5 once 9 motion 
"o p]son alone c\ld r+ x1 al?\gh x      
weigh$ m ?an sixte5 ?\s& p\nds2         
accord+ly1 9 addition to ! hon\r1 he    
receiv$ ?ree hundr$ gold flor9s z 8     
rew>d1 a consid]able sum = t "t4 ,b to  
return to our two ma/]s ( ,si5a4        
,besides ! ?+s already m5tion$1 ,lippo  
execut$ f ,simone's design a picture 9  
temp]a1 :i* 0 tak5 to ,pi/oia & put ov] 
! high alt> ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco1  
:]e x 0 consid]$ v f9e4 ,:5 ,simone &   
,lippo at l5g? return$ to _! native     
,si5a1 ! =m] began a l>ge col\r$ "w ov] 
! great gate ( ,camollia4 ,"h he        
repres5t$ ! coronation ( ,our ,lady ) a 
quantity ( figures1 b ! "w rema9$       
incomplete1 z he fell v sick1 & succumb+
 to ! disease he pass$ f ?is life 9 !   
ye> #acde1 to ! great sorr[ ( ! :ole    
city1 & ( ,lippo 8 bro!r1  :o gave him  
hon\r$ burial 9 ,s4 ,francesco4 ,lippo  
aft]w>ds f9i%$ _m pictures :i* ,simone  
_h left imp]fect4 ,among ^! 7 a ,passion

 ( ,jesus ,*ri/ at ,ancona1 ov] ! high  
alt> ( ,s4 ,niccola1 9 :i* ,lippo f9i%$ 
:at ,simone _h begun1 imitat+ :at he _h 
done 9 ! *apt]-h\se ( ,s4 ,spirito at   
,flor5ce1 & :i* ,simone _h entirely     
complet$4 ,?is "w is wor?y ( a long]    
life ?an x appe>s likely to enjoy1 = x  
conta9s _m f9ely pos$ horses & soldi]s1 
actively engag$ 9 v>i\s matt]s1 wond]+  
:e!r or no !y h crucifi$ ! ,son ( ,god4 
,at ,assisi he also f9i%$ "s figures :i*
 ,simone _h begun 9 ! l[] *ur* ( ,s4    
,francesco1 at ! alt> ( ,/ ,elizabe?1   
:i* is at ! entrance ( ! door lead+ into
 ! *apel1 repres5t+ ,our ,lady1 a ,/    
,l\is1 ,k+ ( ,france1 & o!r sa9ts1 eight
 figures 9 all1 f ! knees upw>ds1 b good
 & v well col\r$4 ,besides ?is ,simone  
_h begun 9 ! pr9cipal refectory ( t     
mona/]y1 at ! top ( ! wall1 _m small    
sc5es & a crucifix ) a ,tree ( ! ,cross4
 ,?is rema9$ unf9i%$1 & is drawn1 z may 
be se5 to-day1 9 r$ ) ! bru% on ! r\gh  
wall4 ,?is me?od 0 fav\r$ by ! old ma/]s
 9 ord] to "w 9 fresco ) great]         

rapidity1 = aft] !y _h section$ out all 
_! "w on ! r\gh wall1 !y drew x ) !     
bru%1 foll[+ a small design :i* s]v$ z a
 guide1 increas+ ?is to ! prop] size1 & 
?is done !y at once set to "w4 ,t _m o!r
 works 7 pa9t$ 9 ! same mann] z ?is is  
se5 9 ^? cases :]e ! "w has peel$ (f1 ! 
design 9 r$ rema9+ on ! r\gh wall4 ,b to
 return to ,lippo4 ,he drew v fairly1 z 
may be se5 9 our book1 9 a h]mit ) 8    
legs cross$4 ,he surviv$ ,simone twelve 
ye>s1 do+ _m ?+s = all p>ts ( ,italy1 b 
especially two pictures 9 ,s4 ,croce at 
,flor5ce4 ,z ! /yle ( ! two bro!rs is   
some:at simil>1 _! works may be di/+ui%$
 ?us3  ,simone wrote at ! bottom ( 83   
,simonis ,memmi ,s55sis opus2 ,lippo    
omitt$ 8 surname & c>eless ( 8 ,lat9ity 
wrote3 ,opus ,memmi de ,seals me fecit4 
,on ! wall ( ! *apt]-h\se ( ,s4 ,m>ia   
,novella1 besides ! portraits ( ,petr>* 
& ,laura m5tion$ above by ,simone's h&1 
are ^? ( ,cimabue1 ,lapo ! ar*itect1    
,arnolfo 8 son1 & ,simone himself1 !    
,pope be+ a portrait ( ,b5$ict ,,xi4 (  

,treviso1 a fri> prea*]1 ^: figure _h   
be5 giv5 to ,simone by 8 ma/] ,giotto1  
:5 ! latt] return$ f ! ,pope's c\rt at  
,avignon4 ,9 ! same place1 next to !    
,pope1 he portray$ ! ,c>d9al ,niccola da
 ,prato1 :o _h at t "t come to ,flor5ce 
z ! ,pope's legate1 z ,giov4 ,villani   
relates 9 8 ,hi/ory4 ,ov] ,simone's tomb
 0 set ! foll[+ epitaph3 ,simoni ,memmio
 pictorum omnium omnis aetatis          
celeb]rimo1 ,vixit ann4 ix4 metis ii4 d4
 iii4 ,z may be se5 9 our book1 ,simone 
did n excel greatly 9 design1 b 0       
naturally full ( inv5tion & 0 v fond (  
draw+ f life4 ,9 ?is he 0 consid]$ ! be/
 ma/] ( 8 "t1 s t ! "l ,p&olfo ,malate/a
 s5t him to ,avignon to make ! portrait 
( ,m4 ,francesco ,petr>*1 at ^: reque/  
he aft]w>ds made ! mu* admir$ portrait (
 ,madonna ,laura4     ,taddeo ,gaddi1   
,pa9t] ( ,flor5ce4   ,x is a truly      
useful & admirable task to rew>d tal5t  
l>gely at e opportunity1 because great  
abilities :i* w\ld o!rwise lie dormant1 
are excit$ by ?is /imulus & endeav\r )  

all indu/ry1 n only to le>n1 b to excel1
 to raise !mselves to a useful &        
hon\rable rank1 f :i* fl[ hon\r to _!   
c\ntry1 glory to !mselves1 & ri*es &    
nobility to _! desc5dants1 :o1 be+      
br\ght up on su* pr9ciples1 (t5 become v
 ri* & noble1 z did ! desc5dants (      
,taddeo ,gaddi ! pa9t]1 by means ( 8    
works4 ,?is ,taddeo di ,gaddo ,gaddi (  
,flor5ce1 aft] ! dea? ( ,gaddo1 _h be5 !
 pupil ( 8 godfa!r ,giotto = tw5ty-f\r  
ye>s1 z ,c5n9o di ,drea ,c59ni1 pa9t] ( 
,colle di ,valdelsa writes4 ,on ! dea? (
 ,giotto he became ! fir/ pa9t] ( ! day1
 by reason ( 8 judgm5t & g5ius1 surpass+
 8 fell[-pupils4 ,8 fir/ works1 execut$ 
) a facility due to natural ability r   
?an to acquir$ skill1 7 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4  
,croce at ,flor5ce 9 ! *apel ( !        
sacri/y1 :]e1 9 conjunction ) 8         
fell[-pupils ( ! dead ,giotto1 he did "s
 f9e sc5es f ! life ( ,/ ,m>y ,magdal5e1
 ! figures & drap]ies be+ v rem>kable1 !
 co/umes be+ ^? !n worn4 ,9 ! *apel ( ! 
,b>oncelli & ,b&9i1 :]e ,giotto _h      

already done a picture 9 temp]a1 ,taddeo
 did "s sc5es f ! life ( ! ,virg9 9     
fresco on ! wall1 :i* 7 consid]$ v      
beautiful4 ,ov] ! door ( ! same sacri/y 
he pa9t$ ! sc5e ( ,*ri/ disput+ ) !     
doctors 9 ! temple1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds      
de/roy$ :5 ,cosimo de' ,m$ici ! eld]    
built ! noviciate1 ! *apel & ! ve/ibule 
( ! sacri/y1 9 ord] to put a /one       
cornice above t door4 ,9 ! same *ur* he 
pa9t$ 9 fresco ! *apel ( ! ,bellacci & t
 ( ,/ ,&rew1 next to "o ( ! ?ree done by
 ,giotto1 9 :i* he repres5t$ ,*ri/ call+
 ,&rew & ,pet] f _! nets1 & !           
crucifixion ( ! latt] apo/le ) su* tru? 
t x 0 mu* admir$ & prais$ :5 x 0        
complet$1 & is /ill held 9 e/eem at !   
pres5t day4 ,ov] ! side door & "u ! tomb
 ( ,c>lo ,m>sup9i ( ,arezzo1 he made a  
dead ,*ri/ ) ,m>y1 9 fresco1 :i* 0 mu*  
admir$4 ,bel[ ! scre5 ( ! *ur*1 on !    
left h& above ! crucifix ( ,donato1 he  
pa9t$ 9 fresco a miracle ( ,/ ,francis1 
:]e he raises a boy kill$ by a fall f a 
t]race1 ) an app>ition 9 ! air4 ,9 ?is  

sc5e he drew ! portraits ( 8 ma/]       
,giotto1 ! poet ,dante1 ,guido          
,cavalcanti1 & "s say ( himself4 ,9     
diff]5t places 9 ! same *ur* he made a  
numb] ( figures1 :i* are recognis$ by   
arti/s f _! /yle4 ,= ! company ( !      
,temple he pa9t$ ! tab]nacle :i* is at !
 corn] ( ! via del ,crocifisso1 conta9+ 
a f9e deposition f ! cross4 ,9 ! cloi/] 
( ,s4 ,spirito he did two sc5es 9 !     
ar*es next ! *apt]-h\se1 9 "o ( :i* he  
repres5t$ ,judas sell+ ,*ri/1 & 9 ! o!r 
! ,la/ ,supp] ) ! ,apo/les4 ,9 ! same   
conv5t ov] ! door ( ! refectory he pa9t$
 a crucifix & "s sa9ts1 :i* di/+ui% him1
 among ! o!rs :o work$ !re1 z a true    
imitator ( ! /yle ( ,giotto1 :om he     
always held 9 ! highe/ v5]ation4 ,9 ,s4 
,/efano ( ! ,ponte ,vec*io he pa9t$ !   
picture & pr$ella ( ! high alt> ) great 
c>e1 & 9 ! oratory ( ,s4 ,mi*ele 9 ,orto
 he v skilfully repres5t$ 9 a picture a 
dead ,*ri/1 wept ov] by ,m>y1 & deposit$
 9 ! sepul*re by ,nicodemus ) great     
devotion4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ! ,s]vites he     

pa9t$ ! *apel ( ,/ ,ni*olas1 belong+ to 
! ,palagio family1 ) /ories ( t sa9t1   
:]e1 9 8 pa9t+ ( a b>que1 he has cle>ly 
%[n ) ! greate/ judgm5t & grace1 t he _h
 a ?or\gh k ( a tempe/u\s sea & ( ! fury
 ( ,=tune4 ,9 ?is "w ,/ ,ni*olas appe>s 
9 ! air1 :ile ! m>9]s are empty+ ! %ip &
 ?r[+ out ! m]*&ise1 & frees !m f _!    
dang]4 ,?is "w gave great satisfaction &
 0 mu* admir$1 s t ,taddeo 0 commission$
 to pa9t ! *apel ( ! high alt> ( t *ur*4
 ,"h he did 9 fresco "s /ories ( ,our   
,lady1 & 9 temp]a on a panel1 ,our ,lady
 ) _m sa9ts1 a v vigor\s repres5tation4 
,simil>ly1 on ! pr$ella ( ?is picture he
 did "s /ories ( ,our ,lady 9 small     
figures1 into ! details ( :i* x is n    
necess>y to ent]1 because ev]y?+ 0      
de/roy$ 9 ! ye> #adfg :5 ,ludovico1     
,m>quis ( ,mantua1 made 9 t place !     
tribune :i* is !re n[1 f ! design (     
,leon ,batti/a ,alb]ti1 & ! *oir ( !    
fri>s1 caus+ ! picture to be tak5 to !  
*apt]-h\se ( t conv5t1 9 ! refectory (  
:i* he made above ! wood5 backs1 ! ,la/ 

,supp] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ) ! ,apo/les1 &   
above t a crucifix ) _m sa9ts4 ,:5      
,taddeo _h complet$ ?is "w he 0 invit$  
to ,pisa :]e he pa9t$ ! pr9cipal *apel (
 ,s4 ,francesco 9 fresco1 v well col\r$1
 = ,gh]>do & ,bonaccorso ,gambacorti1 ) 
_m figures & /ories ( ! sa9t1 & ( ,/    
,&rew & ,/ ,ni*olas4 ,on ! vault+ & !   
wall is ,pope ,honorius confirm+ ! rule1
 & a repres5tation ( ,taddeo f life1 9  
pr(ile1 ) a hood fold$ ov] 8 head4 ,at !
 bottom ( ?is sc5e are ^! words3        
,magi/] ,taddeus ,gaddus de ,flor5tia   
p9xit hanc hittoriam ,sancti            
,francisci et ,sancti ,&re et ,sancti   
,nicolai anno ,dom9i ,,mcccxlii4    de  
m5se ,augu/i4  ,9 ! cloi/] ( ! same     
conv5t he fur!r made a ,madonna 9       
fresco1 ) ! *ild at h] neck1 v well     
col\r$4 ,9 ! middle ( ! *ur*1 on ! left 
h& on ent]+1 is seat$ a ,/ ,l\is !      
bi%op1 to :om ,/ ,gh]>do da ,villamagna1
 :o 0 a fri> ( ! ord]1 is recomm5d+ "o  
fra ,b>tolommeo1 !n sup]ior ( ! conv5t4 
,! figures ( ?is "w1 be+ drawn f life1  

exhibit ! utmo/ vivacity & grace1 9 t   
simple /yle :i* 0 9 "s respects bett]   
?an ,giotto's1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! expression
 ( int]cession1 joy1 grief1 & o!r       
feel+s1 ! good repres5tation ( :i*      
always con/itutes ! highe/ claim ( !    
pa9t] to hon\r4 ,taddeo !n return$ to   
,flor5ce & cont9u$ = ! commune ! "w (   
,orsan-mi*ele1 ref\nd+ ! pill>s ( !     
,loggia1 us+ dress$ & hewn /ones 9 place
 ( ! orig9al bricks1 b )\t mak+ any     
*ange 9 ! design left by ,arnolfo1 :o   
provid$ t a palace ) two vaults %\ld be 
made above ! ,loggia = ! pres]vation ( !
 provisions ( gra9 made by ! p & commune
 ( ,flor5ce4 ,= ! completion ( ?is "w ! 
,art ( ! ,porta ,s4 ,m>ia1 to :om ! *>ge
 ( ! /ructure _h be5 entru/$1 orda9$ !  
paym5t ( ! gabelle ( ! piazza & ( ! gra9
 m>ket1 & "s o!r *anges ( v small       
importance4 ,b an ord9ance ( f> m       
importance 0 t ea* ( ! arts ( ,flor5ce  
%\ld make a pila/] = itself1 plac+ on a 
ni*e 9 x ! patron sa9t ( ea*1 & t e ye> 
! consuls ( ! arts %\ld g to make (f]+s 

on _! sa9ts' fea/ days & keep _! /&>d & 
insignia !re all t day1 b t ! alms s    
collect$ %\ld be made to ! ,virg9 = !   
ne$y poor4  ,9 ! ye> #accc a great flood
 _h c>ri$ away ! p>apets ( ! ,ponte     
,rubaconte1 ?r[n d[n ! ca/le (          
,altafronte1 left no?+ ( ! ,ponte       
,vec*io except ! two middle piles1      
entirely de/roy$ ! ,ponte ,s4 ,tr9ita1 a
 s+le %att]$ pile alone /&+1 & half !   
,ponte alla ,c>raia1 break+ d[n !       
flood-gates ( ,ognissanti4 ,= ?is cause 
! rul]s ( ! city took c\nsel toge!r1    
because !y did n wi% t ^? :o dwelt      
beyond ! ,arno %\ld aga9 suff] ?is      
inconv5i5ce ( hav+ to cross by b>ques4  
,accord+ly !y call$ 9 ,taddeo ,gaddi1   
because 8 ma/] ,giotto _h gone to       
,milan1 & in/ruct$ him to make ! model &
 design ( ! ,ponte ,vec*io1 direct+ him 
to r5d] x z /rong & z beautiful z x c\ld
 possibly be4 ,to ?is end he sp>$ nei!r 
pa9s nor exp5se1 build+ x ) su* /rong   
pi]s &  su* f9e ar*es1 all ( hewn /one1 
t x n[ su/a9s tw5ty-two %ops on ei!r    

side1 mak+ =ty-f\r 9 all1 to ! great    
b5efit ( ! commune1 :o t ye> exp5d$ ^u x
 eight hundr$ flor9s ( r5t4 ,! l5g? ( ! 
span f "o side to ! o!r is #cb braccia1 
! middle way is #af1 & ! %ops on ei!r   
side #h braccia4 ,= ?is "w1 :i* co/     
sixty ?\s& gold flor9s1 ,taddeo n only  
des]v$ ! praise accord$ by 8            
contempor>ies1 b he m]its our           
comm5dation to-day to an ev5 great]     
degree1 =1 n to speak ( _m o!r floods1 !
 bridge did n move 9 ! ye> #aecg1 on    
#ac? ,septemb]1 :5 ! ,ponte a ,santa    
,tr9ita1 two ar*es ( ! ,c>raia1 & a     
great "p ( ! ,rubaconte all fell1 & m   
damage 0 done4 ,c]ta9ly no man ( judgm5t
 c refra9 f amazem5t1 or at lea/ wond]1 
:5 he consid]s h[ firmly ! ,ponte       
,vec*io resi/$ ! impetus ( ! wat]1 !    
timb]1 & o!r debris1 )\t yield+4 ,at !  
same "t ,taddeo laid ! f\ndations ( !   
,ponte a ,santa ,tr9ita1 :i* 0 f9i%$ )  
less success 9 ! ye> #acdf at a co/ (   
tw5ty ?\s& gold flor9s4 ,i say ) less   
success1 because1 unlike ! ,ponte       

,vec*io1 x 0 ru9$ by ! flood ( #aeeg4 ,x
 0 also "u ,taddeo's direction t ! wall 
on ! side ( ,s4 ,gregorio 0 made at !   
same "t1 ) driv5 piles1 two pi]s ( !    
bridge be+ tak5 to enl>ge ! gr\nd on !  
side ( ! piazza de' ,mozzi1 & to set up 
! mills :i* are /ill !re4  ,:il/ all ^! 
?+s 7 be+ done "u ,taddeo's direction & 
f 8 plans1 he did n all[ !m to /op 8    
pa9t+1 & did ! tribunal ( ! old         
,m]canzia1 :]e1 ) poetical imag9ation1  
he repres5t$ ! tribunal ( six m51 t be+ 
! numb] ( ! *ief ( t magi/racy1 :o are  
wat*+ ,tru? tak+ out ,falsehood's       
tongue1 ! =m] clo!d 9 velvet ov] h] nak$
 sk91 ! latt] 9 black3 und]nea? are ^!  
l9es3              ,la pura ,v]ita p]   
ubbidire              ,alla santa       
,giu/izia *e non t>da              ,cava
 la l+ua alla falsa bugi>da4  ,l[] d[n  
are ! foll[+ l9es3              ,taddeo 
dip9se que/o bel rige/ro                
,discepol fu di ,giotto il buon mae/ro4 
,9 ,arezzo "s works 9 fresco 7 allott$  
to him1 :i* he c>ri$ out ) ! greate/    

p]fection ) ! aid ( 8 pupil ,giovanni da
 ,milano4 ,"o ( ^!1 repres5t+ ! ,passion
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 may /ill be se5 9 !    
oratory ( ! ,holy ,_s1 9 front ( ! high 
alt>4 ,x conta9s _m horses1 & ! ?ieves  
on ! cross1 & is consid]$ a v beautiful 
?+ on acc\nt ( 8 conception ( ! nail+ to
 ! cross1 :]e !re are "s figures :i*    
vividly express ! rage ( ! ,jews1 "s    
draw+ ,him by ! legs ) a rope1 o!rs br++
 ! sponge1 & o!rs 9 v>i\s attitudes1 su*
 z ,long9us1 :o pi]ces ,8 side ) ! spe>1
 & ! ?ree soldi]s :o are play+ = ,8     
g>m5ts1 _! faces depict+ hope & fe> 9   
?r[+ ! dice4 ,! fir/ ( ^! m5 /&s 9 a    
con/ra9$ attitude await+ 8 turn1 & is s 
eag] to draw t he app>5tly does n notice
 ! discom=t2 ! second is load+ !        
dice-box1 & fr[ns z he looks at ! dice1 
8 m\? & eyes op5 z if f suspicion (     
fraud1 %[+ cle>ly to an obs]vant behold]
 8 eag]ness to w92 ! ?ird1 :o is ab\t to
 ?r[ ! dice1 spreads out on ! gr\nd )   
trembl+ arm ! g>m5ts1 :]e he %[s ) a    
smile t he int5ds to ?r[ !m4 ,on ! sides

 ( ! *ur* also may be se5 "s /ories ( ,/
 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 :i* are execut$ )  
su* wond]ful /yle & design t !y _c fail 
to excite a/oni%m5t4 ,9 ! *apel ( ,/    
,seba/ian1 next ! sacri/y 9 ,s4 ,ago/9o1
 he did ! life ( t m>tyr & ! dispute (  
,*ri/ ) ! doctors1 s well execut$ &     
f9i%$ t ! beauty & v>iety display$1 z   
well z ! grace ( _! col\r+1 are         
m>vell\s4  ,9 ,cas5t9o1 9 ! *ur* ( !    
,sasso del ,v]nia1 he pa9t$ 9 ! *apel ! 
sc5e :]e ,s4 ,francis receives !        
/igmata4 ,"h ,taddeo 0 assi/$ 9 matt]s (
 m9or importance by ,jacopo di ,cas5t9o1
 :o ?us became 8 pupil4 ,:5 ?is 0       
complet$ ,taddeo return$ ) ,giovanni (  
,milan to ,flor5ce1 :]e 9 ! city & )\t  
!y made a numb] ( panels & pictures (   
importance4 ,9 ! process ( "t ,taddeo   
acquir$ s mu* money t1 by /eadily sav+1 
he f\nd$ ! weal? & nobility ( 8 family1 
be+ always consid]$ a wise & c\rte\s    
man4 ,9 ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella he pa9t$ !   
*apt]-h\se :i* 0 allott$ to him by !    
prior ( ! place1 :o suppli$ him ) !     

idea4 ,x is kn[n t1 because ! "w 0 a    
great "o1 & z ! *apt]-h\se ( ,s4        
,spirito 0 uncov]$ at ! same "t z !     
bridges 7 build+1 to ! great glory (    
,simone ,memmi :o pa9t$ x1 ! prior wi%$ 
to secure ,simone to d half ( ! "w2     
accord+ly he consult$ ,taddeo1 :o 0 v   
will+ to agree to ?is1 s9ce ,simone _h  
be5 a fell[-pupil ( ,giotto ) him1 & !y 
_h always rema9$ close fri5ds &         
companions4 ,o truly noble s\ls to love 
"o ano!r frat]nally )\t emulation1      
ambition1 or envy1 s t ea* rejoic$ at ! 
advancem5t & hon\r ( 8 fri5d z if x _h  
be5 8 own4 ,! "w 0 accord+ly divid$1    
?ree sides be+ allott$ to ,simone1 z ,i 
h said 9 8 life1 & ! left side & ! :ole 
( ! vault+ to ,taddeo1 :o divid$ 8 "w   
into f\r divisions or qu>t]s1 accord+ to
 ! disposition ( ! vault+4 ,9 ! fir/ he 
made ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/1 9 :i* he  
app>5tly endeav\rs to cause ! glorifi$  
body to emit light1 :i* is reflect$ on a
 city & on "s m\nta9 rocks2 b he ab&on$ 
?is device 9 ! figures & 9 ! re/ ( !    

composition1 possibly because he 0 n    
confid5t ( 8 ability to c>ry x out1 ow+ 
to ! difficulties :i* pres5t$ !mselves4 
,9 ! second comp>tm5t he made ,jesus    
,*ri/ deliv]+ ,pet] f dr[n+1 :5 !       
apo/les1 :o are manag+ ! boat1 are      
c]ta9ly v f9e1 & especially a man :o is 
fi%+ ) a l9e on ! sea-%ore 7a ?+ fir/   
attempt$ by ,giotto 9 ! mosaic ( !      
,navicella 9 ,/ ,pet]'s71 repres5t$ )   
vigor\s & life-l expression4 ,9 ! ?ird  
he pa9t$ ! ,asc5sion ( ,*ri/1 :ile !    
f\r? repres5ts ! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s1 
rem>kable = ! f9e attitudes ( ! ,jews1  
:o are endeav\r+ to ent] ! door4 ,on !  
wall b5ea? are ! sev5 sci5ces1 ) _!     
names1 & appropriate figures bel[ ea*4  
,gramm> habit$ l a woman is tea*+ a boy2
 b5ea? h] sits ! writ] ,donato4 ,next to
 ,gramm> sits ,rhetoric1 at ^: feet is a
 figure ) its two h&s re/+ on books1    
:ile x draws a ?ird h& f b5ea? a mantle 
& holds x to its m\?4 ,logic has a s]p5t
 9 h] h&1 & is veil$1 ) ,z5o ,eleate at 
h] feet read+4 ,ari?metic holds ! table 

( ! ,abacus1 & "u h] sits ,abraham1 its 
inv5tor4 ,music has musical in/rum5ts1 )
 ,tubal ,ca9 b5ea?1 beat+ ) two hamm]s  
^u an anvil1 ) 8 e>s li/5+ to ! s\nd4   
,geometry has ! quadrant & sextant1 )   
,euclid b5ea?4 ,a/rology has ! sph]e ( !
 heav5s 9 h] h&s1 & ,atlas "u h] feet4  
,on ! o!r side sit ! sev5 !ological     
sci5ces1 ea* "o hav+ b5ea? x a p]son (  
an appropriate condition1 pope1 emp]or1 
k+1 c>d9al1 duke1 bi%op1 m>quis1 etc41 !
 pope be+ a portrait ( ,clem5t  ,v4 ,9 !
 middle1 & occupy+ a high] place1 is ,/ 
,?omas ,aqu9as1 :o 0 ma/] ( all ^!      
sci5ces1 & c]ta9 h]etics "u 8 feet1     
,arius1 ,sabellius1 & ,av]roes4 ,ab\t   
him are ,moses1 ,paul1 ,john !          
,evangeli/1 & "s o!r figures ) ! f\r    
c>d9al virtues1 & ! ?ree !ological ones1
 9 addition to an inf9ite numb] ( o!r   
ideas set =? by ,taddeo ) no small      
design & grace1 s t ?is may be consid]$ 
! be/ devis$ & ! mo/ f9ely pres]v$ ( all
 8 works4 ,9 ! same ,s4 ,m>ia ,novello1 
ov] ! transept he did a ,/ ,j]ome dress$

 z a c>d9al4 ,he held t sa9t 9 rev]5ce1 
*oos+ him z ! protector ( 8 h\se1 & aft]
 ,taddeo's dea? 8 son ,agnolo made a    
tomb = 8 desc5dants cov]$ ) a m>ble slab
 adorn$ ) ! arms ( ! ,gaddi "u ?is      
picture4 ,= ^! desc5dants ! c>d9al      
,j]ome1 aid$ by _! m]its & ! goodness ( 
,taddeo1 has obta9$ f ,god mo/ di/+ui%$ 
places 9 ! *ur*1 su* z cl]k%ips ( !     
*amb]1 bi%oprics1 c>d9alates1           
provo/%ips1 & mo/ hon\rable knigh?oods4 
,! desc5dants ( ,taddeo h uni=mly valu$ 
& enc\rag$ m5 ( g5ius 9 pa9t+ &         
sculpture1 assi/+ !m to ! utmo/ ( _!    
p[]4 ,at l5g? :5 ,taddeo _h rea*$ ! age 
( fifty ye>s1 he 0 seiz$ ) a sev]e fev] 
& pass$ f ?is life 9 ! ye> #acej1 leav+ 
,agnolo 8 son & ,giovanni to c>ry on !  
pa9t+1 recomm5d+ !m to ,jacopo di       
,cas5t9o = _! mat]ial well be+1 & to    
,giovanni da ,milano = in/ruction 9 art4
 ,?is ,giovanni1 besides _m o!r ?+s1    
made a picture1 aft] ,taddeo's dea?1 :i*
 0 plac$ 9 ,s4 ,croce at ! alt> ( ,/    
,gh]>do da ,villamagna1 f\rte5 ye>s aft]

 he _h be5 left )\t 8 ma/]1 & also !    
high alt> picture ( ,ognissanti1 :]e !  
,umiliati fri>s are /ation$1 a mu*      
admir$ "w2 & 9 ,assisi he made = !      
tribune ( ! high alt> a crucifix1 ,our  
,lady1 & ,/ ,cl>e1 & on ! side wall     
/ories ( ,our ,lady4 ,he subsequ5tly w5t
 to ,milan1 :]e he did _m works 9 temp]a
 & 9 fresco1 & at l5g? di$ !re4  ,n[    
,taddeo always adopt$ ,giotto's /yle1 b 
did n greatly improve x1 except 9 !     
col\r+1 :i* he made fre%] & m vivid4    
,giotto _h made su* ef=ts to ov]come o!r
 difficulties ( ?is art1 t al?\gh he    
consid]$ col\r+ also1 yet x 0 n grant$  
to him to ma/] ?is completely4 ,taddeo1 
on ! o!r h&1 pr(it+ by 8 ma/]'s lab\rs1 
_h an easi] task1 & 0 able to add some?+
 ( 8 own 9 improv+ ! col\r+4  ,taddeo 0 
buri$ by ,agnolo & ,giovanni 8 sons 9   
,s4 ,croce1 9 ! fir/ cloi/]1 & 9 ! tomb 
:i* he _h made = ,gaddo 8 fa!r4 ,he 0   
mu* hon\r$ 9 ! v]ses ( ! le>n$ ( ! "t z 
a man :o _h des]v$ mu* = 8 "*1 & because
 he _h1 besides 8 pictures1 successfully

 complet$ _m /ructures v useful to 8    
city4 ,9 addition to ! works already    
m5tion$1 he _h ) c>e & dilig5ce complet$
 ! campanile ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore f ! 
design ( 8 ma/] ,giotto4 ,?is campanile 
0 s con/ruct$ t x w\ld be impossible to 
jo9 /ones ) m c>e1 or to make a t[] :i* 
%\ld be f9] 9 ! matt] ( ornam5t1 exp5se1
 & design4 ,! epitaph made = ,taddeo 0 z
 foll[s3            ,hoc uno dici pot]at
 ,flor5tia felix           ,viv5te3 at  
c]ta e/ non potuisse mori4  ,taddeo's   
me?od ( design+ 0 v broad & bold1 z may 
be se5 9 our book1 :i* conta9s a draw+  
by 8 h& ( ! sc5e :i* he did 9 ! *apel ( 
,/ ,&rew 9 ,s4 ,croce1 at ,flor5ce4     
,&rea di ,cione ,orcagna1 ,pa9t]1       
,sculptor1 & ,ar*itect ( ,flor5ce4   ,x 
frequ5tly happ5s t :5 a man ( g5ius     
excels 9 "o ?+1 he is easily able to    
le>n ano!r1 especially su* z are simil> 
to 8 fir/ pr(ession1 & :i* proce$1 z x  
71 f ! same s\rce4 ,an example ( ?is is 
,orcagna ( ,flor5ce1 :o 0 pa9t]1        
sculptor1 ar*itect1 & poet1 z w be said 

bel[4 ,he 0 born 9 ,flor5ce1 & :ile q a 
*ild began to practise sculpture "u     
,&rea ,pisano1 & s cont9u$ = _m ye>s4   
,:5 he aft]w>ds became desir\s ( enri*+ 
8 inv5tion = ! purpose ( compos+        
beautiful sc5es1 he c>efully /udi$      
design1 aid$ z he 0 by nature1 :o wi%$  
to make him a univ]sal g5ius1 & z "o ?+ 
leads to ano!r1 he practis$ pa9t+ 9     
col\rs 9 temp]a & fresco1 & succe$$ s   
well ) ! aid ( ,b]n>do ,orcagna 8 bro!r1
 t ,b]n>do himself procur$ 8 assi/ance  
to d ! life ( ,our ,lady 9 ! pr9cipal   
*apel ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 :i* !n      
belong$ to ! family ( ! ,ricci4 ,?is "w 
0 consid]$ v beautiful1 al?\gh1 ow+ to !
 neglect ( ^? :o aft]w>ds _h *>ge ( x1 x
 0 de/roy$ by wat] ?r\gh ! break+ ( !   
ro( n _m ye>s aft]1 & consequ5tly x is  
re/or$ 9 its pres5t mann]1 z w be said 9
 ! prop] place4 ,suffice x to say1 t    
,dom5ico ,grill&ai1 :o repa9t$ x1 made  
consid]able use ( ! inv5tions ( ,orcagna
 :i* 7 !re4 ,9 ! same *ur*1 & 9         
conjunction ) 8 bro!r ,b]n>do1 ,&rea did

 9 fresco ! *apel ( ! ,/rozzi1 :i* is   
ne> ! door ( ! sacri/y & ! belfry4 ,9   
?is *apel1 :i* is approa*$ by "s /one   
/eps1 he pa9t$ on "o wall ! glory (     
,p>adise1 ) all ! sa9ts 9 ! v>i\s habits
 & head-dresses ( ! "t4 ,on ! o!r wall  
he did ,hell1 ) ! holes1 c5tres1 & o!r  
?+s describ$ by ,dante1 ( :om ,&rea 0 a 
dilig5t /ud5t4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ! ,s]vites1 9
 ! same city he pa9t$ 9 fresco1 also 9  
conjunction ) ,b]n>do1 ! *apel ( !      
family ( ! ,cresci1 & 9 ,s4 ,pi]        
,maggiore 9 a picture ( consid]able     
size1 ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg91 & ano!r 
picture 9 ,s4 ,romeo ne> ! side door4   
,he & 8 bro!r ,b]n>do also pa9t$ 9      
fresco toge!r ! faade ( ,s4 ,apoll9>e1 )
 su* dilig5ce t ! col\rs are bright &   
beautiful & m>vell\sly pres]v$ to ?is   
day 9 t expos$ place4 ,! gov]nors (     
,pisa1 mov$ by ! r5[n ( ^! works (      
,orcagna1 :i* 7 mu* admir$1 s5t = him to
 d a "p ( ! wall 9 ! ,campo ,santo ( t  
city1 z ,giotto & ,buffalmacco _h       
previ\sly done4 ,accord+ly he put 8 h&  

to ! "w1 & pa9t$ a ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ) "s  
fancies ( 8 own1 on ! wall t[>ds !      
,duomo1 next to ! ,passion ( ,*ri/ made 
by ,buffalmacco4 ,9 ! fir/ sc5e he      
repres5t$ all ranks ( temporal lords    
enjoy+ ! pleasures ( ?is _w1 seat+ !m 9 
a fl[]y mead[ "u ! %ad[ ( _m orange     
trees1 =m+ a mo/ agreeable wood4 ,above 
! bran*es are "s cupids1 :o are fly+    
r\nd & ov] a numb] ( "y wom51 evid5tly  
portraits ( noble wom5 & ladies ( ! day1
 ?\gh !y are n recognisable aft] ?is    
lapse ( "t4 ,! cupids are prep>+ to     
transfix ! he>ts ( ! ladies1 ne> :om are
 "y m5 & lords li/5+ to play+ & s++ &   
wat*+ ! amor\s danc+ ( m5 & maid5s1     
delight+ 9 ! sweetness ( _! loves4      
,among ^! lords ,orcagna drew           
,ca/ruccio1 ! "l ( ,lucca1 a y\? ( ! mo/
 /rik+ aspect1 ) a blue hood b\nd ab\t 8
 head & a sp>r[hawk on 8 h&4 ,ne> him   
are o!r lords ( ! "t1 ^: id5tity is n   
kn[n4 ,9 f9e1 9 ?is fir/ "p he repres5t$
 9 a mo/ graci\s mann] all ! delights ( 
! _w 9 accordance ) ! dem&s ( ! place & 

! requirem5ts ( art4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! 
same sc5e he repres5t$1 on a high       
m\nta91 ! life ( ^? :o1 be+ mov$ by     
p5it5ce = _! s9s & by ! desire (        
salvation1 h escap$ f ! _w to ?is       
m\nta91 :i* is ?us full ( holy h]mits   
s]v+ ! ,"l1 & do+ v>i\s ?+s ) v reali/ic
 expressions4 ,"s are read+ & pray+1 &  
are all int5t on contemplation2 :ile    
o!rs are work+ to e>n _! liv+1 & are    
ex]cis+ !mselves 9 v>i\s activities4 ,"h
 is a h]mit milk+ a goat 9 ! mo/ vigor\s
 & reali/ic mann]4 ,bel[ ?is is ,/      
,mac>io %[+ to ?ree k+s1 :o are rid+ to 
hunt ) _! ladies & suite1 ! corpses (   
?ree k+s1 p>tly consum$ 9 a tomb1       
emblematic ( human mis]y1 & :i* are     
reg>d$ ) att5tion by ! liv+ k+s 9 f9e & 
v>i$ attitudes1 expressive ( wond]1 & !y
 seem to be reflect+ t !y !mselves mu/  
%ortly become su*4 ,"o ( ^! k+s is !    
portrait ( ,uguccione della ,faggiuola (
 ,arezzo1 9 a figure repres5t$ z hold+ 8
 nose ) 8 h& 9 ord] n to smell ! od\r ( 
! dead k+s4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is sc5e is   

,dea?1 fly+ ?r\gh ! air & clo!d 9 black1
 :ile he raises 8 scy! to take ! life ( 
_m :o are on ! e>?1 ( e /ate &          
condition1 poor1 ri*1 lame1 :ole1 "y1   
old1 m51 wom51 &1 9 %ort1 a multitude ( 
e age & sex4 ,& because ,orcagna knew t 
! inv5tion ( ,buffalmacco _h pleas$ !   
,pisans1 by :i* ,bruno caus$ 8 figures 9
 ,s4 ,paolo a ripa d',arno to speak1    
mak+ lett]s issue f _! m\?s1 he has     
fill$ all ^! works ( 8 ) su* writ+s1 (  
:i* ! great] numb]1 be+ de/roy$ by "t1  
_c be deciph]$4 ,he makes "s lame old m5
 say--              ,da *e prosp]itade  
ci ha lasciati4             ,o morte    
m$ec9a d'ogni p5a             ,deh vi5i 
a d>ne omai l'ultima c5a1  ) o!r words  
:i* _c be made out1 & simil> l9es       
compos$ 9 ! old /yle by ,orcagna        
himself1 z ,i h discov]$1 = he 0 addict$
 to poetry1 & wrote "s sonnets4 ,ab\t ^!
 bodies are "s devils1 :o take _! s\ls  
out ( _! m\?s & c>ry !m to gulfs full ( 
fire ^u ! top ( a v high m\nta94 ,on !  
o!r h&1 !re are "s angels :o1 9 l mann]1

 take ! s\ls ( ! dead1 :o happ5 to h be5
 good1 out ( _! m\?s1 & c>ry !m fly+ to 
,p>adise4 ,9 ?is sc5e is a l>ge scroll1 
held by two angels1 conta9+ ! foll[+    
words3              ,is*]mo di sav]e e  
di ri*ezza1             ,di nobilitate  
ancora e di prodezza1             ,vale 
ne5te ai colpi di co/ei1  ) "s o!r words
 :i* _c easily be und]/ood4 ,und]nea? 9 
! ornam5tation ( ^! sc5es are n9e angels
 :o hold "s words writt5 9 ! bord] ( !  
pa9t+1 9 ! vulg> tongue & 9 ,lat91 put  
!re because !y w\ld spoil ! sc5e if     
plac$ high]1 & to omit !m altoge!r did n
 appe> fitt+ to ! au?or1 :o consid]$ ?is
 me?od v f9e1 & p]haps x 0 to ! ta/e ( t
 age4 ,! great] "p ( ^! are omitt$ "h 9 
ord] n to tire ! read] ) imp]t95t matt] 
( little int]e/1 & moreov] ! great]     
numb] ( ! scrolls are oblit]at$1 :ile ! 
rema9d] are 9 a v imp]fect condition4   
,aft] ?is ,orcagna made ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4
 ,he plac$ ,jesus ,*ri/ on high above ! 
cl\ds 9 ! mid/ ( 8 twelve ,apo/les to   
judge ! quick & ! dead1 exhibit+ on ! "o

 side1 ) great art & vig\r1 ! despair ( 
! damn$1 z !y are driv5 weep+ to ,hell  
by furi\s demons2 & on ! o!r side ! joy 
& rejoic+ ( ! elect1 :o are transport$  
to ! "r h& side ( ! bless$ by a troop ( 
,angels l$ by ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael4 ,x is
 truly lam5table t = lack ( writ]s1 !   
names & id5tity ( few or none ( ^! c be 
asc]ta9$ out ( su* a multitude (        
magi/rates1 knights & o!r lords1 :o are 
evid5tly drawn f life1 al?\gh ! pope !re
 is said to be ,innoc5t ,,iv4 ! fri5d ( 
,manfr$4  ,aft] ?is "w & "s sculptures 9
 m>ble execut$ to 8 great glory 9 !     
,madonna1 :i* is on ! side ( ! ,ponte   
,vec*io1 ,&rea left 8 bro!r ,b]n>do to  
"w by himself 9 ! ,campo ,santo at a    
,hell made accord+ to ,dante's          
description1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds mu* damag$ 9
 #aecj1 & re/or$ by ,solazz9o1 a pa9t] (
 our own day4 ,mean:ile ,&rea return$ to
 ,flor5ce1 :]e he pa9t$ 9 fresco 9 !    
middle ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,croce on a v    
l>ge wall on ! "r h&1 ! same ?+s :i* he 
_h done 9 ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa1 9   

?ree simil> pictures1 b omitt+ ! sc5e 9 
:i* ,/ ,mac>io is %[+ human wret*$ness  
to ! ?ree k+s1 & ! life ( ! h]mits :o   
are s]v+ ,god on ! m\nta94 ,b he did all
 ! re/ ( t "w1 display+ bett] design & m
 dilig5ce ?an at ,pisa1 b reta9+ almo/ !
 same me?ods 9 ! inv5tions1 /yle1       
scrolls & ! re/1 )\t *ang+ any?+ except 
! portraits f life2 because 9 ?is "w he 
introduc$ ! portraits ( "s ( 8 de>e/    
fri5ds into 8 ,p>adise1 :ile he condemn$
 8 enemies to hell4 ,among ! elect may  
be se5 ! portrait 9 pr(ile ( ,pope      
,clem5t ,,vi4 ) ! ti>a on 8 head1 :o    
r$uc$ ! ,jubilee f a hundr$ to fifty    
ye>s1 0 a fri5d ( ! ,flor5t9es1 &       
possess$ "s ( _! pa9t+s :i* he valu$    
highly4 ,"h also is ,mae/ro ,d9o del    
,g>bo1 !n a mo/ excell5t physician1     
clo!d aft] ! mann] ( ! doctors ( t day )
 a r$ cap on 8 head l9$ ) m9iv]1 :ile an
 angel holds him by ! h&4 ,!re are also 
_m o!r portraits :i* h n be5 id5tifi$4  
,among ! damn$ he drew ! ,gu>di1 s]geant
 ( ! ,commune ( ,flor5ce1 dragg$ by !   

devil ) a hook4 ,he may be recognis$ by 
?ree r$ lilies on 8 :ite hat1 su* z 7   
worn by ! s]geants & o!r l (ficials4    
,&rea did ?is because ! s]geant _h ^u "o
 occasion di/ra9$ 8 goods4 ,he also drew
 !re ! not>y & ! judge :o 7 aga9/ him 9 
t cause4 ,next to ,gu>di is ,cecco      
d',ascoli1 a fam\s wiz>d ( ! "t1 &      
slightly above him1 & 9 ! middle is a   
hypocritical fri>1 :o is furtively try+ 
to m+le ) ! good1 :ile an angel discov]s
 him & ?ru/s him among ! damn$4 ,besides
 ,b]n>do1 ,&rea _h ano!r bro!r call$    
,jacopo1 :o devot$ himself1 b ) little  
success1 to sculpture4 ,= ?is bro!r     
,&rea _h sometimes made designs 9 relief
 9 clay1 & ?is l$ him to wi% to d "s ?+s
 9 m>ble to see if he rememb]$ t art1   
:i* he _h /udi$ at ,pisa1 z has be5     
said4 ,accord+ly he appli$ himself      
e>ne/ly to t pursuit1 & atta9$ to su* a 
measure ( success t he aft]w>ds made use
 ( x ) cr$it1 z w be said4 ,he next     
devot$ all 8 en]gies to ! /udy (        
ar*itecture1 ?9k+ t he might h occasion 

to make use ( x4 ,nor 0 he mi/ak51 = 9 !
 ye> #acee ! ,commune ( ,flor5ce b\ght  
"s private h\ses ne> ! palace to enl>ge 
t build+ & increase ! piazza1 & also to 
make a place :]e citiz5s c\ld )draw 9 "t
 ( ra91 & 9 w9t] to d "u cov] ! ?+s :i* 
7 done 9 ! uncov]$ arcade :5 bad wea!r  
did n int]f]e4 ,!y procur$ a numb] (    
designs = ! con/ruction ( a l>ge &      
magnific5t loggia ne> ! palace = ?is    
purpose z well z = a m9t = co9+ money4  
,among ^! designs prep>$ by ! be/ ma/]s 
( ! city1 t ( ,orcagna 0 univ]sally     
approv$ & accept$ z be+ l>g]1 f9] & m   
magnific5t ?an ! o!rs1 & ! l>ge loggia (
 ! piazza 0 begun "u 8 direction by ord]
 ( ! ,signoria & ,commune1 ^u f\ndations
 laid 9 ! "t ( ! ,duke ( ,a!ns1 & 0     
c>ri$ =w>d ) mu* dilig5ce 9 squ>$ /ones 
excell5tly laid4 ,! ar*es ( ! vaults 7  
con/ruct$ 9 a mann] new = t "t1 n be+   
po9t$ z _h previ\sly be5 cu/om>y1 b 9   
half circles aft] a new patt]n1 ) mu*   
grace & beauty1 & ! build+ 0 complet$ "u
 ,&rea's direction 9 a %ort "t4 ,if x _h

 occurr$ to him to erect x next to ,s4  
,romolo & to turn its back t[>ds ! nor?1
 :i* he p]haps omitt$ to d 9 ord] t x   
%\ld be conv5i5t = ! door ( ! palace1 x 
w\ld h be5 a mo/ useful con/ruction =   
all ! city1 z x is a mo/ beautiful piece
 ( "w1 :]eas x is impossible to rema9   
!re 9 w9t] ow+ to ! /rong w9d4 ,9 !     
decoration ( ?is loggia ,orcagna made   
sev5 m>ble figures 9 half relief betwe5 
! ar*es ( ! faade repres5t+ ! sev5      
virtues1 !ological & c>d9al4 ,^! are s  
f9e1 t tak5 9 conjunction ) ! :ole "w !y
 prove _! au?or to h be5 an excell5t    
sculptor z well z a di/+ui%$ pa9t] &    
ar*itect4 ,besides ?is he 0 9 all 8 de$s
 a pleasant1 well-br$ & amiable man s t 
8 fell[ 0 nev] se54 ,& s9ce he nev]     
ab&on$ ! /udy ( "o ( 8 ?ree pr(essions  
:5 he took up ano!r1 he pa9t$ a picture 
9 temp]a ) _m small figures :ile !      
loggia 0 build+1 & a pr$ella ( small    
figures = t *apel ( ! ,/rozzi :]e 8     
bro!r ,b]n>do _h already done "s ?+s 9  
fresco4 ,on ?is picture he wrote 8 "n   

?us3 ,anno ,dom9i ,,mccclvii ,&reas     
,cionis de ,flor5tia me p9xit1 be+ (    
op9ion t x w\ld exhibit 8 p[]s to bett] 
advantage ?an 8 works 9 fresco c\ld4 ,:5
 ?is 0 f9i%$ he did "s pa9t+s on a panel
 :i* 7 s5t to ! pope to ,avignon1 9 !   
ca!dral *ur* ( :i* !y /ill rema94       
,%ortly aft]w>ds1 ! m5 ( ! company (    
,orsanmi*ele1 hav+ collect$ a quantity (
 money ( alms & goods giv5 to ! ,madonna
 !re on acc\nt ( ! mortality ( #acdh1 !y
 decid$ t !y w\ld make ab\t h] a *apel  
or tab]nacle ri*ly adorn$ n only ) m>ble
 c>v$ 9 e mann] & ) o!r /ones ( price1 b
 also ) mosaic & ornam5ts ( bronze1 !   
be/ t c\ld be desir$1 s t 9 workman%ip &
 mat]ial x %\ld surpass e o!r "w produc$
 up to t day4 ,! execution ( ?is 0      
entru/$ to ,orcagna z be+ ! =emo/ man ( 
! age4 ,he made a numb] ( designs1 "o ( 
:i* 0 *os5 by ! directors ( ! "w z be+ !
 be/ ( all4 ,accord+ly ! task 0 allott$ 
to him & ev]y?+ 0 committ$ to 8 judgm5t 
& c\nsel4 ,he & 8 bro!r und]took to d   
all ! figures1 giv+ ! re/ to v>i\s ma/]s

 f o!r c\ntries4 ,on ! completion ( !   
"w1 he caus$ x to be built up & jo9$    
toge!r v c>efully )\t lime1 ! jo9ts1 be+
 ( lead & copp] s t ! %9+ & poli%$      
m>bles %\ld n be blemi%$4 ,?is prov$ s  
successful & has be5 ( su* use & hon\r  
to ^? :o came aft] him1 t x appe>s to an
 obs]v] t ! *apel is holl[$ out ( a s+le
 piece ( m>ble1 s excell5tly are p>ts   
weld$ toge!r1 ?anks to ?is device (     
,orcagna4 ,al?\gh 9 ! ,g]man /yle its   
grace & proportions are su* t x holds ! 
fir/ place among ! ?+s ( ! "t1 ow+      
*iefly to ! excell5t composition ( its  
great & small figures & ( ! angels &    
prophets 9 half-relief ab\t ! ,madonna4 
,! ca/+ ( ! c>efully poli%$ bronze      
ornam5ts :i* surr\nd x is m>vell\s1 = !y
 encircle ! :ole "w1 enclose x & b9d x  
toge!r1 s t ?is  "p is z rem>kable = its
 /r5g? z ! o!r p>ts are = _! beauty4 ,b 
he devot$ ! highe/ p[]s ( 8 g5ius to !  
sc5e 9 half-relief on ! back ( !        
tab]nacle1 repres5t+ 9 figures ( a      
braccia & a half1 ! twelve apo/les look+

 up at ! ,madonna asc5d+ to heav5 9 a   
m&orla1 surr\nd$ by angels4 ,he         
repres5t$ himself 9 m>ble z "o ( !      
apo/les1 an old  man1 clean %av51 a hood
 w\nd r\nd 8 head1 ) a flat r\nd face z 
%[n 9 8 portrait above1 :i* x tak5 f    
?is4 ,on ! base he wrote ^! words 9 !   
m>ble3 ,&reas ,cionis pictor flor5t9us  
oratorii ar*imagi/] extitit hujus1      
,,mccclix4 ,x appe>s t ! erection ( !   
loggia & ( ! m>ble tab]nacle1 ) all !   
workman%ip involv$ co/ #if1jjj gold     
flor9s1 :i* 7 v well exp5d$1 because 9  
ar*itecture1 9 sculpture & o!r ornam5ts 
!y are comp>able 9 beauty ) any o!r "w (
 ! "t1 )\t exception1 & s excell5t z to 
assure to ! "n ( ,&rea ,orcagna         
immortality & greatness4 ,9 sign+ 8     
pa9t+s he us$ to write ,&rea di ,clone1 
sculptor1 & on 8 sculptures1 ,&rea di   
,cione1 pa9t]1 wi%+ 8 sculpture to      
recomm5d 8 pa9t+ & 8 pa9t+ 8 sculpture4 
,flor5ce is full ( 8 pa9t+s1 "s ( :i*   
may be recognis$ by ! "n1 su* z ^? 9 ,s4
 ,romeo1 & "s by 8 /yle1 l t 9 !        

*apt]-h\se ( ! mona/]y ( ! ,angeli4 ,"s 
:i* he left imp]fect 7 f9i%$ by 8 bro!r 
,b]n>do1 :o surviv$ him1 ?\gh n = _m    
ye>s4 ,&rea1 z ,i h said1 amus$ himself 
9 mak+ v]ses & o!r poems1 & :5 he 0 an  
old man he wrote "s sonnets to          
,bur*iello1 !n a y\?4 ,at l5g? at ! age 
( sixty he complet$ ! c\rse ( 8 life 9  
#achi1 & 0 borne ) hon\r to burial f 8  
h\se 9 ! via ,vec*ia de' ,corazzai4  ,9 
! days ( ! ,orcagna !re 7 _m :o 7       
skilful 9 sculpture & ar*itecture1 ^:   
names are unkn[n1 b _! works %[ t !y are
 wor?y ( high praise & comm5dation4 ,an 
example ( su* "w is ! ,mona/]y ( !      
,c]tosa ( ,flor5ce1 erect$ at ! co/ ( ! 
noble family ( ! ,acciaiuoli1 &         
p>ticul>ly ( ,m4 ,niccola1 ,gr& ,s5es*al
 ( ! ,k+ ( ,naples1 conta9+ ,niccola's  
tomb ) 8 effigy 9 /one1 & ^? ( 8 fa!r & 
a si/]1 bo? ( ^: portraits 9 ! m>ble 7  
made f life 9 ! ye> #acff4 ,!re also &  
by ! same h& may be se5 ! tomb ( ,m4    
,lor5zo1 ,niccola's son1 :o di$ at      
,naples1 arid 0 br\ght to ,flor5ce &    

buri$ !re ) mo/ hon\rable obsequies4    
,simil>ly ! tomb ( ! ,c>d9al ,s4 ,croce 
( ! same family1 :i* is be=e ! high alt>
 9 a *oir !n newly built1 conta9s 8     
portrait 9 a m>ble /one v well execut$ 9
 ! ye> #acij4  ,! pupils ( ,&rea 9 pa9t+
 7 ,b]n>do ,nello di ,giovanni ,falconi 
( ,pisa1 :o did a numb] ( pictures = !  
,duomo ( ,pisa1 & ,tommaso di ,m>co (   
,flor5ce1 :o1 besides _m o!r ?+s1 pa9t$ 
a picture 9 ! ye> #acib1 :i* is 9 ,s4   
,antonio at ,pisa on ! scre5 ( ! *ur*4  
,aft] ,&rea's dea?1 8 bro!r ,jacopo1 :o1
 z has be5 said1 pr(ess$ sculpture &    
ar*itecture1 0 employ$ 9 ! ye> #acbh 9  
build+ ! t[] & gate ( ,s4 ,pietro       
,gattol9i1 & x is said t ! f\r gild$    
/one lions at ! f\r corn]s ( ! pr9cipal 
palace ( ,flor5ce are by 8 h&4 ,?is "w  
incurr$ no little c5sure1 because x 0   
plac$ !re )\t reason1 & 0 p]haps a      
great] weight ?an 0 safe4 ,_m w\ld h    
pref]r$ ! lions to h be5 made ( copp]   
gild$ ov] & holl[ inside1 & !n set up 9 
! same place1 :5 !y w\ld h be5 mu* less 

heavy & m durable4 ,x is said t ! horse 
9 relief 9 ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore at      
,flor5ce is by ! same h&4 ,x is gild$1 &
 /&s ov] ! door lead+ to ! oratory ( ,s4
 ,zanobi4 ,x is believ$ to be a monum5t 
to ,pietro ,f>nese1 capta9 ( !          
,flor5t9es1 b z ,i "k no?+ m ( ! matt]  
,i _c ass]t ?is positively4 ,at ! same  
"t ,&rea's nephew ,m>iotto made a       
,p>adise 9 fresco = ,s4 ,mi*el ,bisdom9i
 9 ! via de' ,s]vi at ,flor5ce1 ov] !   
alt>1 & ano!r picture ) _m figures =    
,mona ,cecilia de' ,boscoli1 :i* is 9 ! 
same *ur* ne> ! door4 ,b ( all          
,orcagna's pupils none excell$          
,francesco ,tra9i1 :o execut$ = a "l ( !
 h\se ( ,coscia1 buri$ at ,pisa 9 !     
*apel ( ,/ ,dom9ic 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4       
,cat]9a1 a ,/ ,dom9ic on a panel on a   
gold gr\nd1 ) six sc5es f 8 life        
surr\nd+ him1 v vigor\s & life-l &      
excell5tly col\r$4 ,9 ! *apel ( ,/      
,?omas ,aqu9as 9 ! same *ur* he made a  
picture 9 temp]a1 ) delightful inv5tion1
 & :i* is mu* admir$4 ,he introduc$ a   

figure ( ,/ ,?omas seat$1 f life2 ,i say
 f life because ! fri>s ( ! place br\ght
 a portrait ( him f ! abbey (           
,fossanuova1 :]e he _h di$ 9 #acbc4 ,/  
,?omas is seat$ 9 ! air ) "s books 9 8  
h&1 illum9at+ ) _! rays & spl5d\r !     
,*ri/ian p2 kneel+ bel[ him are a l>ge  
numb] ( doctors & cl]ks ( e condition1  
bi%ops1 c>d9als & popes1 includ+ !      
portrait ( ,pope ,urban ,,vi4 ,"u !     
sa9t's feet are ,sabellius1 ,arius1     
,av]roes1 & o!r h]etics & philosoph]s ) 
_! books all torn4 ,on ei!r side ( ,/   
,?omas are ,plato1 %[+ ! ,timu1 &       
,ari/otle po9t+ to 8 ,e?ics4 ,above is  
,jesus ,*ri/1 also 9 ! air1 ) ! f\r     
,evangeli/s ab\t him4 ,he is bless+ ,/  
,?omas1 & app>5tly s5d+ ! ,holy ,_s ^u  
him1 fill+ him !re) & ) ,8 grace4 ,on ! 
completion ( ?is "w ,francesco ,tra9i   
acquir$ great "n & fame1 = he _h f>     
surpass$ 8 ma/] ,&rea 9 col\r+1 9 unity1
 & 9 inv5tion4 ,&rea 0 v c>eful 9 8     
designs1 z may be se5 9 our book4       
,tommaso call$ ,giott9o1 pa9t] (        

,flor5ce4   ,:5 !re is emulation among !
 arts :i* are bas$ on design & :5 arti/s
 "w 9 competition ) ea* o!r !re is no   
d\bt t m5's abilities1 be+ /imulat$ by  
con/ant /udy1 discov] new ?+s e day to  
satisfy ! v>i$ ta/es ( man4 ,?us 9      
pa9t+1 "s introduce obscure & ecc5tric  
?+s into _! "w & by a ma/]y ( !         
difficulties display ! brightness ( _!  
tal5t 9 ! mid/ ( d>kness4 ,o!rs employ  
!mselves on s(t & delicate ?+s conceiv+ 
t ^! %\ld be m pleas+ to ! eye ( !      
behold]2 s t !y pleasantly attract !    
great] numb] ( m54 ,o!rs aga9 pa9t      
smoo?ly1 s(t5+ ! col\rs & conf9+ !      
lights & %ades ( ! figures to _! places1
 = :i* !y m]it ! highe/ praise1 display+
 _! int5tion ) wond]ful skill4 ,?is     
smoo? /yle is always app>5t 9 ! works ( 
,tommaso di ,/efano1 call$ ,giott9o1 :o 
0 born 9 ! ye> #acbd1 & aft] he _h le>n$
 ! elem5ts ( pa9t+ f 8 fa!r1 he resolv$ 
:ile /ill a y\?1 t he w\ld mo/ c>efully 
imitate ,giotto's /yle r ?an t (        
,/efano4 ,he succe$$ s well 9 ?is t he  

won !reby 9 addition to ! /yle1 :i* 0   
mu* f9] ?an 8 ma/]'s1 ! nickname (      
,giott9o1 :i* he always reta9$4 ,h5ce   
_m1 misl$  by 8 mann] & "n1 believ$ him 
to be ,giotto's  son1 b !y fell into a v
 great error1 = x is c]ta91 or r highly 
probable 7s9ce no "o  c  affirm  su* ?+s
 absolutely71 t he 0 ! son ( ,/efano1   
pa9t] ( ,flor5ce4 ,tommaso 0 s dilig5t 9
 pa9t+ & s fond ( x1 t al?\gh n _m ( 8  
works h be5 f\nd1 yet ^? :i* are extant 
are good & 9 excell5t /yle4 ,= !        
drap]ies1 hair1 be>ds1 & o!r details are
 execut$ & compos$ ) su* grace & c>e t  
!y prove him to h possess$ a f> bett]   
idea ( unity 9 art ?an 0 to be f\nd 9 ! 
works ( ,giotto1 ma/] ( ,/efano 8 fa!r4 
,9 8 y\? ,giott9o pa9t$ 9 ,s4 ,/efano at
 ! ,ponte ,vec*io at ,flor5ce1 a *apel  
by ! side door1 & al?\gh x has suff]$ a 
great deal f ! damp1 yet en\gh rema9s to
 prove ! skill & g5ius ( ! craftsman4   
,he next did ,,ss4 ,cosmo & ,damian     
beside ! mills 9 ! ,frati ,erm9i1 ( :i* 
b little c n[ be se5 ow+ to ! ravages ( 

"t4 ,he did a *apel 9 fresco 9 ! old ,s4
 ,spirito ( t city1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds      
de/roy$ at ! burn+ ( t *ur*4 ,ov] !     
pr9cipal door ( ! same *ur* he pa9t$ 9  
fresco ! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & on !  
piazza ( ! *ur*1 lead+ to ! side ( !    
,cuculia1 next ! conv5t1 he did !       
tab]nacle :i* may /ill be se5 !re1 )    
,our ,lady & o!r sa9ts ab\t h]1 :o 9 _! 
heads & o!r p>ts approa* v closely to ! 
mod]n /yle1 because ,tommaso endeav\r$  
to v>y & *ange ! fle% t9ts & to comb9e a
 graceful & judici\s treatm5t ( !       
figures ) v>iety 9 ! col\r+ & 9 !       
drap]ies4 ,9 ! *apel ( ,/ ,silve/] at   
,s4 ,croce he did ! hi/ory ( ,con/ant9e 
) great c>e1 ) _m f9e ideas 9 ! ge/ures 
( ! figures4 ,8 next "w 0 to be plac$   
beh9d a m>ble ornam5t made = ! tomb (   
,m4 ,bett9o de' ,b>di1 a man ( em95t    
milit>y rank ( ! "t4 ,he repres5t$ him f
 life1 9 arm\r1 ris+ on 8 knees f !     
tomb1 summon$ by ! ,la/ ,trump s\nd$ by 
two angels :o accompany a ,*ri/ 9 !     
cl\ds1 v well done4 ,at ! entrance to   

,s4 ,pancrazio1 on ! "r h& side1 he did 
a ,*ri/ c>ry+ ! cross1 & "s sa9ts ne>1  
m>k$ly 9 ,giotto's /yle4 ,9 ,s4 ,gallo1 
a conv5t outside ! gate ( t "n1 & :i* 0 
de/roy$ at ! siege1 he pa9t$ a ,pieta 9 
fresco 9 a cloi/]1 a copy ( :i* is 9 ,s4
 ,pancrazio m5tion$ above1 on a pila/]  
beside ! pr9cipal *apel4 ,he pa9t$ ,,ss4
 ,cosmo & ,damian 9 fresco 9 ,s4 ,m>ia  
,novella at ! *apel ( ,/ ,lor5zo de'    
,giuo*i1 at ! entry ( ! *ur* by ! "r h& 
door1 on ! front wall4 ,9 ,ognissanti he
 did a ,/ ,*ri/oph] & a ,/ ,george1 :i* 
7 ru9$ by bad wea!r & 7 re/or$ by "s    
ignorant pa9t]s4 ,an un9jur$ "w (       
,tommaso 9 ! same *ur* is 9 ! tympanum  
ov] ! sacri/y door1 :i* conta9s a       
,madonna 9 fresco1 ) ! *ild 9 h] arms2 x
 is a good ?+ z he took pa9s ) x4  ,by  
means ( ^! works ,giott9o acquir$ s mu* 
r5[n1 imitat+ 8 ma/]1 z ,i h said1 bo? 9
 design & 9 inv5tions1 t ! _s ( ,giotto 
himself 0 said to be 9 him1 ow+ to !    
fre%ness ( 8 col\r+ & to 8 skill 9      
design4 ,n[1 on #bnd ,july #acdc1 :5 !  

,duke ( ,a!ns 0 hunt$ f ,flor5ce1 & _h  
by oa? r5\nc$ ! gov]nm5t & r5d]$ !      
,flor5t9es _! lib]ty1 ,giott9o 0        
con/ra9$ by ! ,twelve ,re=m]s ( ! ,/ate1
 & especially by ! pray]s ( ,m4 ,agnolo 
,acciaiuoli1 !n a v di/+ui%$ citiz51 :o 
_h great influ5ce ov] him1 to pa9t on ! 
t[] ( ! ,pode/a ,palace ! duke & 8      
foll[]s1 ,m4 ,c]iti]i ,visdom9i1 ,m4    
,maladiasse1 8 ,cons]vator & ,m4 ,rani]i
 da ,s4 ,gimignano1 all ) mitres (      
,ju/ice on _! heads1 repres5t$ ?us      
%amefully z a sign ( contempt4 ,ab\t !  
duke's head he pa9t$ _m bea/s ( prey &  
o!r sorts1 indicative ( 8 nature &      
quality2 & "o ( ^! c\nsellors _h 9 8 h& 
! palace ( ! priors ( ! city1 :i* he 0  
(f]+ to ! duke1 l a false traitor4      
,b5ea? ev]yone ( !m 7 ! arms & insignia 
( _! families1 ) inscriptions :i* c n[  
only be read ) difficulty ow+ to !      
ravages ( "t4 ,?is "w1 because x 0 well 
design$ & v c>efully execut$1 gave      
univ]sal satisfaction1 & ! me?od ( !    
arti/ pleas$ ev]yone4 ,he next made a ,/

 ,cosmo & a ,/ ,damian at ! ,campora1 a 
place ( ! black monks outside ! gate (  
,s4 ,pi]o ,gattol9i4 ,^! 7 aft]w>ds     
de/roy$ 9 :itewa%+ ! *ur*4 ,on ! bridge 
at ,romiti 9 ,vald>no he did ! tab]nacle
 :i* is built 9 ! middle1 pa9t+ x 9     
fresco 9 a v f9e /yle4 ,x is record$ by 
_m writ]s t ,tommaso practis$ sculpture1
 & did a m>ble figure f\r braccia high =
 ! campanile ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore at  
,flor5ce1 t[>ds ! place :]e ! orphan    
asylum n[ /&s4 ,at ,rome aga9 he        
successfully complet$ a sc5e 9 ,s4 ,john
 ,lat]an 9 :i* he repres5t$ ! pope 9    
v>i\s dignities1 b ! pa9t+ is n[ mu*    
damag$ & eat5 by "t4 ,9 ! h\se ( !      
,ors9i he did a hall full ( fam\s m51 & 
a v f9e ,/ ,l\is on a pila/] at         
,araceli1 on ! "r-h& side at ! high     
alt>4 ,above ! pulpit 9 ! l[] *ur* ( ,s4
 ,francesco at ,assisi1 t be+ ! only    
place left undecorat$1 he pa9t$ a       
coronation ( ,our ,lady1 9 an ar*1      
surr\nd$ by _m angels1 s graceful1 ) su*
 beautiful faces1 s s(t & s delicate1   

exhibit+ t union ( col\rs cu/om>y 9 !   
arti/1 & :i* con/itutes 8 peculi>       
excell5ce1 t he may cle>ly be comp>$ )  
any ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,ab\t ?is ar* he   
did "s /ories ( ,/ ,ni*olas4 ,simil>ly1 
9 ! middle ( ! *ur*1 9 ! mona/]y ( ,s4  
,*i>a1 9 ! same city1 he pa9t$ a sc5e 9 
fresco ( ,/ ,cl>e1 upheld 9 ! air by two
 angels1 repres5t$ ) mu* life1 rais+ a  
dead *ild1 :il/ _m beautiful wom5 /&+   
ab\t are fill$ ) amazem5t1 all be+      
dress$ 9 v graceful co/umes ( ! "t4 ,9 !
 same city ( ,assisi1 9 an ar* ov] !    
inside ( ! city door :i* leads to !     
,duomo1 he did a ,madonna & *ild ) s mu*
 c>e t %e seems alive1 & a v f9e ,/     
,francis1 ) o!r sa9ts4 ,^! two works1   
al?\gh ! sc5e ) ,/ ,cl>e is unf9i%$1 =  
,tommaso return$ sick to ,flor5ce1 are  
p]fect & wor?y ( all praise4  ,x is said
 t ,tommaso 0 a melan*oly & solit>y man1
 b v dilig5t & fond ( 8 art4 ,?is is    
cle>ly %[n 9 a picture ( 8 9 temp]a 9 ! 
*ur* ( ,s4 ,romeo at ,flor5ce1 plac$ on 
! scre5 on ! "r-h& side1 = no?+ 0 ev]   

bett] done on wood4 ,x repres5ts a dead 
,*ri/ ) ,m>y & ,nicodemus1 accompani$ ) 
o!r figures1 :o are weep+ bitt]ly = !   
dead4 ,_! g5tl5ess & sweetness are      
rem>kable z !y twi/ _! h&s & beat       
!mselves1 %[+ 9 _! faces ! bitt] sorr[ t
 our s9s %\ld co/ s de>4 ,x is a        
m>vell\s ?+1 n t ,tommaso c\ld rise to  
?is height ( imag9ation1 b t he c\ld    
express 8 ?\ght s well ) 8 bru%4        
,consequ5tly ?is "w des]ves ! highe/    
praise1 n s mu* because ( ! subject &   
conception z = ! art 9 :i* he exhibit$ !
 heads ( "s :o are weep+1 = al?\gh !    
br[s1 eyes1 nose & m\? are di/ort$ by ! 
emotion1 yet ?is does n m> or de/roy !  
beauty ( 8 faces1 :i* usually suff]s mu*
 at ! h&s ( ^? :o repres5t weep+ if !y  
are n v]s$ 9 ! good me?ods ( art4 ,b x  
is no wond] t ,giott9o 0 s successful ) 
?is picture1 because ! object ( all 8   
lab\r 0 r fame & glory ?an any o!r rew>d
 or desire ( ga91 :i* causes ! ma/]s (  
our own "t to be less c>eful & good4 ,n 
only ,tommaso did n endeav\r to acquire 

great weal?1 b he w5t )\t _m ( ! com=ts 
( life1 liv+ 9 pov]ty1 seek+ r to please
 o!rs ?an to live at ease2 s manag+     
badly & work+ h>d1 he di$ ( ph?isis at !
 age ( ?irty-two1 & 0 buri$ by 8        
relations outside ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella at 
! gate ( ,m>tello1 ne> ! tomb (         
,bontura4  ,! pupils ( ,giott9o1 :o left
 m fame ?an prop]ty1 7 ,giovanni        
,tossicani ( ,arezzo1 ,mi*el9o1         
,giovanni dal ,ponte1 & ,lippo1 :o 7    
m]itori\s ma/]s ( ! art4 ,giovanni      
,tossicani excell$ ! o!rs1 & aft]       
,tommaso's dea? he execut$ _m works 9 t 
same /yle1 9 all ,tuscany1 & p>ticul>ly 
9 ! ,pieve ( ,arezzo1 :]e he did ! *apel
 ( ,/ ,m>ia ,maddal5a ( ! ,tucc]elli1 & 
9 ! ,pieve ( ,empoli1 :]e he did a ,/   
,james on a pila/]4 ,aga91 he did "s ?+s
 9 ! ,duomo at ,pisa1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds    
remov$ to make way = mod]n works4 ,8 la/
 "w 0 execut$ 9 a *apel ( ! ,vescovado (
 ,arezzo1 = ! ,c\ntess ,giovanna1 wife (
 ,t>lato di ,pietramala1 & repres5t$ an 
,annunciation1 ) ,/ ,james & ,/ ,philip4

 ,z ?is "w 0 on a wall1 ! back ( :i* is 
expos$ to ! nor?1 x 0 almo/ de/roy$ by !
 damp1 :5 ,ma/] ,agnolo di ,lor5zo (    
,arezzo re/or$ !  ,annunciation1 &      
,giorgio ,vas>i1 !n a y\?1 re/or$ !     
,,ss4 ,james & ,philip1 to 8 great      
advantage1 z he le>nt a great deal :i*  
he _h n be5 able to obta9 f o!r ma/]s1  
by obs]v+ ,giovanni's me?ods1 & f !     
%ad[s & col\rs ( ?is "w1 damag$ z x 04  
,! foll[+ words ( ! epitaph to !        
,c\ntess1 :o caus$ ! "w to be done1 may 
/ill be read3 ,anno ,dom9i #acce de m5se
 ,augu/i hanc capellam con/itui fecit   
nobilis ,dom9a comitissa ,joanna de     
,sancta ,flora uxor nobilis militis     
,dom9i ,t>lati de ,petramela ad honorem 
,beat ,m>i ,virg9is4  ,i make no m5tion 
( ! works ( ! o!r pupils ( ,giott9o1    
because !y are q ord9>y & be> little    
resemblance to ^? ( _! ma/] & (         
,giovanni ,tossicani1 _! fell[-pupil4   
,tommaso drew v well1 z appe>s by "s    
%eets by 8 h& :i* are 9 our book1 :i*   
are v c>efully execut$4     ,giovanni da

 ,ponte1 ,pa9t] ( ,flor5ce4   ,al?\gh ! 
old prov]b t a bon vivant nev] lacks    
means is untrue & unwor?y ( confid5ce1 !
 contr>y be+ ! case1 s9ce a man :o does 
n live )9 8 means comes at la/ to live 9
 want1 & dies 9 mis]y2 yet x sometimes  
happ5s t ,=tune r assi/s ^? :o ?r[ away 
)\t res]ve ?an ^? :o are ord]ly & c>eful
 9 all ?+s4 ,:5 ! fav\r ( ,=tune is     
want+1 ,dea? frequ5tly repairs ! defect 
& rem$ies ! consequ5ces ( m5's          
?\ghtlessness1 = x comes at ! v mom5t :5
 !y w\ld beg9 to realise1 ) sorr[1 h[   
wret*$ a ?+ x is to h squ&]$ ev]y?+ :5  
"y to pass "o's age on %ort5$ means 9   
pov]ty & toil4 ,?is w\ld h be5 ! fate ( 
,giovanni da ,s4 ,/efano a ,ponte (     
,flor5ce1 if1 aft] he _h dev\r$ 8       
patrimony z well z ! ga9s :i* came into 
8 h&1 r ?r\gh good =tune ?an by 8       
dess]ts1 & "s legacies :i* came to him f
 unexpect$ qu>t]s1 he _h n rea*$ ! end (
 8 life at ! v "t :5 he _h exhau/$ 8    
means4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,buonamico       
,buffalmacco1 & imitat$ 8 ma/] m 9      

foll[+ worldly pleasures ?an 9 endeav\r+
 to make himself a skilful pa9t]4 ,he 0 
born 9 ! ye> #acjg1 & 0 ,buffalmacco's  
pupil 9 8 y\?4 ,he execut$ 8 fir/ works 
9 fresco 9 ! ,pieve ( ,empoli 9 ! *apel 
( ,/ ,laur5ce1 pa9t+ _m sc5es f ! life (
 t sa9t ) su* c>e1 t s good a beg9n+ 0  
consid]$ to promise mu* bett] ?+s 9 !   
future4 ,accord+ly he 0 invit$ 9 ! ye>  
#acdd to ,arezzo1 :]e he did an         
,assumption 9 a *apel 9 ,s4 ,francesco4 
,be+ 9 "s cr$it 9 t city1 = lack ( o!r  
arti/s1 he next pa9t$ 9 ! ,pieve ! *apel
 ( ,/ ,on(rio & t ( ,/ ,an?ony1 ru9$    
to-day by ! damp4 ,he left o!r pa9t+s 9 
,s4 ,giu/9a & ,s4 ,matteo1 :i* 7 pull$  
d[n ) ! *ur*es :5 ,duke ,cosimo 0 =tify+
 ! city4 ,almo/ on ?is v spot1 ne> ,s4  
,giu/9a1 at ! foot ( ! abutm5t ( an     
anci5t bridge1 at ! po9t :]e ! riv]     
ent]s ! city1 !y !re f\nd a f9e m>ble   
head ( ,appius ,ciccus1 & "o ( 8 son1 ) 
an anci5t epitaph1 :i* are n[ 9 !       
,duke's w>drobe4 ,:5 ,giovanni return$  
to ,flor5ce1 at ! "t :5 ! middle ar* ( !

 ,ponte a ,s4 ,tr9ita 0 be+ complet$1 he
 decorat$ a *apel built on a pile1 &    
d$icat$ to ,/ ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel1 an   
anci5t & beautiful build+1 do+ _m       
figures1 bo? inside & out1 & ! :ole ( ! 
pr9cipal front4 ,?is *apel 0 c>ri$ away1
 toge!r ) ! bridge1 9 ! flood ( #aeeg4  
,"s ass]t t he ow$ 8 "n ( ,giovanni dal 
,ponte to ^! works4 ,9 ,pisa1 9 ! ye>   
#acce1 he did "s sc5es 9 fresco beh9d ! 
alt> 9 ! pr9cipal *apel ( ,/ ,paolo a   
ripa d',arno1 :i* are n[ ru9$ by damp & 
"t4 ,ano!r "w ( 8 is ! *apel ( ! ,scali 
9 ,s4 ,tr9ita at ,flor5ce1 & ano!r      
beside x1 z well z "o ( ! /ories ( ,/   
,paul beside ! pr9cipal *apel1 :i*      
conta9s ! tomb ( ,mae/ro ,paolo1 !      
a/rolog]4 ,9 ,s4 ,/efano1 at ! ,ponte   
,vec*io1 he did a panel & o!r pa9t+s 9  
temp]a & fresco = ,flor5ce & else:]e1   
:i* won him consid]able r5[n4 ,he 0     
belov$ by 8 fri5ds1 b r 9 8 pleasures   
?an 9 8 lab\rs1 & he 0 a fri5d ( m5 (   
lett]s1 & especially ( all ^? :o 7 /udy+
 8 own art 9 ! hope ( excell+ 9 x2 &    

al?\gh he _h n tr\bl$ to acquire =      
himself :at he desir$ = o!rs1 he nev]   
ceas$ to advise o!rs to "w dilig5tly4   
,at l5g?1 :5 he _h liv$ fifty-n9e ye>s1 
he dep>t$ ?is life 9 a few days 9       
consequ5ce ( a disord] ( ! *e/4 ,_h he  
liv$ a little long]1 he w\ld h suff]$   
mu* inconv5i5ce1 z !re rema9$ h>dly     
suffici5t 9 8 h\se to af=d him dec5t    
burial 9 ,s4 ,/efano dal ,ponte ,vec*io4
 ,8 works 7 execut$ ab\t #acde4  ,our   
book ( designs ( v>i\s anci5t & mod]n   
ma/]s conta9s a wat]-col\r by ,giovanni 
repres5t+ ,/ ,george on horseback kill+ 
a s]p5t2 also a skeleton1 ! two af=d+ an
 excell5t illu/ration ( 8 me?od & 8 /yle
 9 design+4     ,agnolo ,gaddi1 ,pa9t] (
 ,flor5ce4   ,! virtue & husb&ry (      
,taddeo ,gaddi af=d an excell5t         
illu/ration ( ! advantages & hon\rs     
accru+ f excell5ce 9 a noble art1 = by 8
 indu/ry & lab\r he provid$ a           
consid]able prop]ty1 & left ! affairs ( 
8 family s ord]$ t :5 he pass$ to ! o!r 
life 8 sons ,agnolo & ,giovanni 7 enabl$

 )\t difficulty to lay ! f\ndations ( ! 
va/ weal? & di/9ction ( ! h\se ( ,gaddi1
 :i* is n[ among/ ! noble/ 9 ,flor5ce & 
( high repute 9 all ,*ri/5dom4 ,inde$ x 
0 no m ?an reasonable1 aft] ,gaddo1     
,taddeo1 ,agnolo & ,giovanni _h adorn$ )
 _! art & tal5ts s _m consid]able       
*ur*es1 t _! desc5dants %\ld be decorat$
 ) ! highe/ ecclesia/ical dignities by !
 ,holy ,roman ,*ur* & h] ,pontiffs4     
,taddeo1 ^: life we h already writt51   
left two sons1 ,agnolo & ,giovanni1     
among 8 _m pupils1 & he hop$ t ,agnolo 9
 p>ticul> w\ld atta9 to consid]able     
excell5ce 9 pa9t+4 ,b al?\gh ,agnolo :5 
a y\? promis$ to f> surpass 8 fa!r1 he  
did n realise ! good op9ions :i* 7 !n   
=m$ ab\t him4 ,be+ born & br\ght up 9   
ease1 :i* is (t5 a h9drance to          
application1 he 0 m devot$ to trad+ &   
comm]ce ?an to ! art ( pa9t+4 ,?is is no
 new or /range circum/ance1 = av>ice    
almo/ inv>iably proves a b> to ^?       
g5iuses :o w\ld h atta9$ ! summit ( _!  
p[]s1 _h n ! desire ( ga9 /ood 9 _! way 

9 _! fir/ & be/ ye>s4  ,9 8 y\? ,&rea   
did a small sc5e = ,s4 ,jacopo tra fossi
 at ,flor5ce1 9 figures ( little m ?an a
 braccia high1 repres5t+ ! ,resurrection
 ( ,laz>us1 :o _h be5 f\r days dead4    
,consid]+ ! corrupt /ate ( ! body1 :i*  
_h be5 9 ! tomb ?ree days1 he pres5t$ ! 
grave clo!s b\nd ab\t him z soil$ by !  
putrefaction ( ! fle%1 & c]ta9 livid &  
yell[i% m>ks 9 ! fle% ab\t ! eyes1      
betwe5 quick & dead1 v well consid]$4   
,he also %[s ! a/oni%m5t ( ! disciples &
 o!r figures1 :o 9 v>i$ & rem>kable     
attitudes are hold+ _! g>m5ts to _!     
noses s z n to smell ! /5* ( ! corrupt  
body1 & exhibit e %ade ( fe> & t]ror at 
?is m>vell\s ev5t1 z well z ! joy &     
delight ( ,m>y & ,m>?a at see+ ! dead   
body ( _! bro!r return to life4 ,?is "w 
0 deem$ s excell5t t !re 7 _m :o ?\ght t
 ! tal5ts ( ,&rea w\ld prove sup]ior to 
^? ( all ! pupils ( ,taddeo & ev5 to ^? 
( ! ma/] himself4 ,b ! ev5t prov$       
o!rwise1 = z 9 y\? w conqu]s e          
difficulty 9 ! ef=t aft] fame1 s x (t5  

happ5s t ! ye>s br+ ) !m a c]ta9        
he$lessness :i* causes m5 to g backw>ds 
in/ead ( =w>ds1 z 0 ! case ) ,agnolo4   
,ow+ to ! high repute ( 8 ability1 !    
family ( ! ,sod]9i1 expect+ a great     
deal1 allott$ to him ! pr9cipal *apel ( 
! ,c>m9e1 :]e he pa9t$ ! :ole ( ! life (
 ,our ,lady1 b 9 a /yle s inf]ior to !  
,resurrection ( ,laz>us t anyone c\ld   
p]ceive t he _h little desire to devote 
all 8 en]gies to ! /udy ( pa9t+4 ,9 !   
:ole ( ?is great "w !re is n m ?an a    
s+le good sc5e1 namely1 t 9 :i* ,our    
,lady is 9 an ap>tm5t surr\nd$ by a     
numb] ( maid5s1 ^: habits & headdresses 
v>y accord+ to ! div]s cu/oms ( ! "t1 & 
:o are engag$ 9 v>i\s employm5ts1 "s    
sp9n+1 "s sew+1 "s w9d+ silk1 & "s weav+
 & do+ o!r ?+s1 all v well conceiv$ &   
execut$ by ,agnolo4  ,simil>ly 9 pa9t+ 9
 fresco ! pr9cipal *apel ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 
,croce = ! noble family ( ! ,alb]ti1 he 
repres5t$ ! incid5ts :i* took place on !
 f9d+ ( ! ,cross1 execut+ ! "w ) mu*    
skill1 ?\gh x is some:at lack+ 9 design1

 ! col\r+ alone be+ m]itori\s4 ,he      
succe$$ mu* bett] aft]w>ds 9 "s o!r     
pa9t+s 9 fresco 9 ! *apel ( ! ,b>di1 & 9
 "s /ories ( ,/ ,l\is 9 ! same *ur*4 ,he
 work$ caprici\sly1 sometimes ) great   
c>e & sometimes ) little4 ,?us 9 ,s4    
,spirito at ,flor5ce1 :]e he did !      
inside ( a door lead+ f ! piazza to !   
conv5t1 & above ano!r door a ,madonna & 
*ild1 ) ,/ ,augu/9e & ,/ ,ni*olas1 all 9
 fresco--!y are all s well done t !y    
look z if !y _h be5 pa9t$ ye/]day4 ,!   
secret ( work+ 9 mosaic _h z x 7 desc5d$
 to ,agnolo by inh]itance1 & 9 8 h\se he
 _h ! in/rum5ts & o!r app>atus us$ by 8 
gr&fa!r ,gaddo2 accord+ly to p>a ! "t1 &
 = "o reason or ano!r1 he did "s ?+s 9  
mosaic :5 he _h ! :im4 ,?us s9ce _m ( ! 
m>ble fac+s ( ! ext]ior ( ,s4 ,giovanni 
7 wa/$ by "t1 & z ! damp _h pi]c$ ?r\gh 
& done consid]able injury to ! mosaics  
previ\sly execut$ !re by ,&rea ,tafi1 ! 
,consuls ( ! ,art ( ! ,m]*ants propos$  
to re/ore ! great] "p ( ?is m>ble cov]+1
 9 ord] t no fur!r damage %\ld be done1 

& also to repair ! mosaics4 ,!          
commission = ?is 0 giv5 to ,agnolo1 & 9 
! ye> #acdf he caus$ ! build+ to be     
cov]$ ) new m>ble1 ov]lay+ ! jo9ts to a 
di/ance ( two f+]s ) great c>e1 not*+ ! 
half ( ea* /one z f> z ! middle4 ,he !n 
cem5t$ !m toge!r ) a mixture ( ma/ic &  
wax1 & complet$ ! :ole ) su* c>e t f t  
"t =w>d nei!r ! vault+ nor ! ro( has ev]
 suff]$ any h>m f ! wat]4 ,8 subsequ5t  
re/oration ( ! mosaics l$ by 8 advice to
 ! recon/ruction f 8 well-devis$ plans (
 ! :ole ( ! cornice ( ! *ur* above !    
m>ble1 "u ! ro(1 9 its pres5t =m1 :]eas 
x 0 orig9ally mu* small] & by no means  
rem>kable4 ,he also direct$ !           
con/ruction ( ! vault+ = ! hall ( !     
,pode/a palace1 :]e an ord9>y ro( _h    
=m]ly exi/$1 s t 9 addition to ! add$   
beauty :i* x gave ! room1 x r5d]$ x pro(
 aga9/ damage by fire1 :i* x _h         
frequ5tly suff]$ be=e4 ,by 8 advice !   
pres5t battlem5ts 7 add$ to ! palace1   
:]e no?+ ( ! k9d _h previ\sly exi/$4    
,:ile ^! works 7 proce$+1 he did n      

entirely ab&on pa9t+1 b execut$ 9 temp]a
 a picture ( ,our ,lady = ! high alt> ( 
,s4 ,pancrazio1 ) ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,/
 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ! bro!rs ,/ ,n]eus1
 ,a*illeus1 & ,prancrazius1 & o!r sa9ts 
h>d by4 ,b ! be/ "p ( ?is "w1 & inde$ ! 
only "p ( x :i* is really good1 is !    
pr$ella fill$ ) small figures1 divid$   
into eight sc5es deal+ ) ! ,madonna & ,/
 ,rep>ata4 ,subsequ5tly 9 a picture = ! 
high alt> ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella at       
,flor5ce1 execut$ = ,b>one ,capelli 9   
#acdh1 he made a v fair gr\p ( angels   
ab\t a ,coronation ( ! ,virg94 ,%ortly  
aft]w>ds he pa9t$ 9 fresco a s]ies (    
subjects f ! life ( ! ,virg9 9 ! ,pieve 
( ,prato1 :i* _h be5 rebuilt "u !       
direction ( ,giovanni ,pisano 9 #acab1 z
 has be5 said above1 9 ! *apel :]e ,our 
,lady's girdle 0 deposit$1 & he did a   
numb] ( o!r works 9 o!r *ur*es ( t same 
c\ntry :i* is full ( v consid]able      
mona/]ies & conv5ts4 ,9 ,flor5ce he next
 pa9t$ ! ar* ov] ! gate ( ,s4 ,romeo1 & 
9 ,orto ,s4 ,mi*ele did 9 temp]a a ,*ri/

 disput+ ) ! doctors 9 ! temple4 ,at !  
same "t = ! enl>gem5t ( ! piazza ( !    
,signori a l>ge numb] ( build+s 0 pull$ 
d[n1 & notably ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,romolo1 :i*
 0 rebuilt f ,agnolo's plans4 ,9 !      
*ur*es ( ?is city _m pictures by 8 h&   
may be se51 & a quantity ( 8 works may  
be met ) 9 ! lord%ip4 ,^! he produc$ )  
great advantage to himself1 al?\gh he   
work$ r = ! sake ( foll[+ 9 ! /eps ( 8  
ance/ors ?an f any incl9ation ( 8 own2 =
 he _h devot$ all 8 att5tion to trad+1  
:i* 0 ( great s]vice to him1 z appe>$ :5
 8 sons1 :o did n wi% to live by pa9t+  
any long]1 devot$ !mselves entirely to  
comm]ce1 op5+ an e/abli%m5t at ,v5ice 9 
conjunction ) _! fa!r1 :o aft] a c]ta9  
"t ab&on$ pa9t+ altoge!r1 only to take x
 up z an amusem5t & pa/ime4 ,by d9t (   
trad+ & practis+ 8 art1 ,agnolo _h      
amass$ consid]able weal? :5 he came to  
die 9 ! sixty-?ird ye> ( 8 life1        
succumb+ to a malignant fev] :i* c>ri$  
him (f 9 a few days4 ,8 pupils 7 ,mae/ro
 ,antonio da ,f]r>a1 :o did _m f9e works

 9 ,urb9o & at ,citta di ,ca/ello1 &    
,/efano da ,v]ona1 :o pa9t$ ) ! greate/ 
p]fection 9 fresco1 z may be se5 9      
sev]al places 9 8 native ,v]ona1 & at   
,mantua1 :]e 8 works are num]\s4 ,among 
o!r ?+s he excell$ 9 beautifully r5d]+ !
 expressions ( ! faces ( *ildr51 wom5 & 
old m51 z 8 works %[1 :i* 7 all imitat$ 
& copi$ by t ,pi]o da ,p]ugia1 m9iature 
pa9t]1 :o illum9at$ all ! books 9 !     
libr>y ( ,pope ,pius 9 ! ,duomo ( ,si5a1
 & :o 0 a skilful col\ri/ 9 fresco4 ,o!r
 pupils ( ,agnolo 7 ,mi*aele da ,milano 
& 8 own bro!r ,giovanni1 :o 9 ! cloi/] (
 ,s4 ,spirito1 :]e ! ar*es ( ,gaddo &   
,taddeo are1 pa9t$ ! dispute ( ,*ri/ ) !
 doctors 9 ! temple1 ! ,purification ( !
 ,virg91 ! ,temptation ( ,*ri/ 9 !      
wild]ness1 & ! baptism ( ,john1 b aft]  
hav+ giv5 rise to ! highe/ expectations 
he di$4 ,c5n9o di ,drea ,c5n9i da ,colle
 ( ,valdelsa also le>n$ pa9t+ f ,&rea4  
,he 0 v fond ( 8 art & wrote a book     
describ+ ! me?ods ( work+ 9 fresco1 9   
temp]a1 9 glue & 9 gum1 & also h[ to    

illum9ate & all ! ways ( lay+ on gold4  
,?is book is 9 ! possession ( ,giuliano1
 goldsmi? ( ,si5a1 an excell5t ma/] &   
fond ( t art4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! book deals 
) ! nature ( col\rs1 bo? m9]als & e>?s1 
z he _h le>n$ x ( ,agnolo 8 ma/]4 ,z he 
did n p]haps succe$ 9 pa9t+ ) p]fection1
 he 0 at lea/ anxi\s to "k !            
peculi>ities ( ! col\rs1 ! temp]as1 !   
glues & ( *alks1 & :at col\rs "o ought  
to avoid mix+ z injuri\s1 & 9 %ort _m   
o!r h9ts :i* ,i ne$ n dilate ^u1 s9ce   
all ^! matt]s1 :i* he !n consid]$ v     
great secrets1 are n[ univ]sally kn[n4  
,b ,i mu/ n omit to note t he makes no  
m5tion ( "s e>? col\rs1 su* z d>k t]ra  
rossa1 c9nab> & "s gre5s 9 glass1 p]haps
 because !y 7 n 9 use4 ,9 l mann] umb]1 
yell[-lake1 ! smalts 9 fresco & 9 oil1 &
 "s gre5s & yell[s 9 glass :i* ! pa9t]s 
( t age lack$1 h s9ce be5 discov]$4 ,!  
end ( ! treatise deals ) mosaics1 ) !   
gr9d+ ( col\rs 9 oil to make r$1 blue1  
gre5 & o!r k9ds ( gr\nds1 & ) mordants =
 ! application ( gold b n at t "t =     

figures4 ,besides ! works :i* he produc$
 ) 8 ma/] 9 ,flor5ce1 !re is a ,madonna 
) sa9ts by 8 h& "u ! loggia ( ! hospital
 ( ,bonifazio ,lupi1 ( su* /yle & col\r+
 t x has be5 v well pres]v$ up to !     
pres5t day4  ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 book   
,c5n9o says ^! words 9 speak+ ( himself3
 ,i1 ,c5n9o di ,drea ,c5n9i da ,colle ( 
,valdelsa1 0 in/ruct$ 9 ?is art = twelve
 ye>s by ,agnolo di ,taddeo ( ,flor5ce1 
my ma/]1 :o le>n$ ! art ( 8 fa!r        
,taddeo1 ^: godfa!r 0 ,giotto & :o 0    
,giotto's pupil = tw5ty-f\r ye>s4 ,?is  
,giotto transmut$ ! art ( pa9t+ f ,greek
 into ,lat91 & mod]nis$ x1 & x is c]ta9 
t he gave m pleasure ?an any "o else _h 
ev] done4 ,^! are ,c5n9o's v words1 by  
:i* x appe>s t z ^? :o translate f      
,greek into ,lat9 r5d] a v great s]vice 
to ^? :o d n und]/& ,greek1 s ,giotto1 9
 transmut+ ! art ( pa9t+ f a /yle :i* 0 
und]/ood by no "o1 except p]haps z be+  
extremely rude1 into a beautiful1       
facile1 & smoo? mann]1 kn[n & und]/ood  
by all p ( ta/e :o possess ! slighte/   

judgm5t1 conf]r$ a great b5efit ^u      
mank9d4  ,all ^! pupils ( ,agnolo did   
him ! greate/ cr$it4 ,he 0 buri$ by 8   
sons1 to :om he is said to h left !     
value ( #ej1jjj flor9s or m1 9 ,s4 ,m>ia
 ,novella1 9 ! tomb :i* he _h made =    
himself & 8 desc5dants1 9 ! ye> #achg4  
,! portrait ( ,agnolo by 8 own h& may be
 se5 9 ! *apel ( ! ,alb]ti 9 ,s4 ,croce 
9 ! sc5e 9 :i* ! ,emp]or ,h]aclius is   
be>+ ! cross2 he is pa9t$ 9 pr(ile /&+  
beside a door4 ,he we>s a small be>d &  
has a r$ hood on 8 head1 aft] ! mann] ( 
! "t4 ,he 0 n a good draughtsman1       
accord+ to ! evid5ce ( "s %eets f 8 h&  
:i* are 9 our book4     ,b]na1 ,pa9t] ( 
,si5a4   ,if ! ?read ( life ( ^? :o take
 pa9s to excel 9 "s noble pr(ession 0 n 
frequ5tly cut (f by dea? 9 ! be/ ye>s1  
!re is no d\bt t _m g5iuses w\ld atta9 !
 goal desir$ by !m & by ! _w4 ,b ! %ort 
life ( man & ! bitt]ness ( ! v>i\s      
accid5ts :i* int]v5e on e h& sometimes  
deprive u too e>ly ( su* m54 ,an example
 ( ?is 0 poor ,b]na ( ,si5a1 :o di$ :ile

 q "y1 al?\gh ! nature ( 8 works w\ld   
lead "o to believe t he _h liv$ v long1 
= he left su* excell5t productions t x  
is probable1 _h he n di$ s soon1 he w\ld
 h become a mo/ excell5t & r>e arti/4   
,two ( 8 works may be se5 9 ,si5a 9 two 
*apels ( ,s4 ,ago/9o1 be+ "s small sc5es
 ( figures 9 fresco1 & 9 ! *ur* on a    
wall :i* has rec5tly be5 demoli%$ to    
make *apels !re1 a sc5e ( a "y man l$ to
 puni%m5t1 ( ! highe/ imag9able         
excell5ce1 ! repres5tation ( pallor & ( 
! fe> ( dea? be+ s reali/ic t x m]its ! 
w>me/ admiration4 ,beside ! y\? is a    
fri> :o is consol+ him1 ) excell5t      
ge/ures1 & 9 f9e ! entire sc5e is       
execut$ ) su* vig\r z to leave no d\bt t
 ,b]na _h p5etrat$ deeply into ! horror 
( t situation1 full ( bitt] & cold fe>1 
s9ce he 0 able to repres5t x s well ) ! 
bru% t ! actual ev5t pass+ be=e "o's    
eyes c\ld n move "o m4 ,9 ,cortona1     
besides _m ?+s scatt]$ up & d[n ! city1 
he pa9t$ ! great] "p ( ! vault+ & walls 
( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>gh]ita :]e !          

,zoccolanti fri>s n[ are4 ,f ,cortona he
 proce$$ to ,arezzo 9 ! ye> #acfi1 at ! 
v "t :5 ! ,t>lati1 =m]ly lords (        
,pietramela1 _h f9i%$ ! conv5t & *ur* ( 
,s4 ,ago/9o1 "u ! direction ( ,moccio1  
sculptor & ar*itect ( ,si5a4 ,9 ! aisles
 ( ?is build+ :]e _m citiz5s _h erect$  
*apels & tombs = _! families1 ,b]na     
pa9t$ 9 fresco 9 ! *apel ( ,/ ,james1 "s
 sc5es f ! life ( t sa9t4 ,among ^! !   
mo/ rem>kable is ! /ory ( ! coz5] ,m>9o1
 :o ?r\gh love ( ga9 _h contract$ 8 s\l 
to ! devil & !n recomm5d$ 8 s\l to ,/   
,james1 begg+ him to free him f 8       
promise1 :il/ a devil %[s him ! de$ &   
makes a great di/urbance4 ,b]na         
expresses ! emotions ( all ^! figures ) 
great vig\r1 especially 9 ! face (      
,m>9o1 :o is divid$ betwe5 8 fe> & 8    
fai? & confid5ce 9 ,/ ,james1 al?\gh he 
sees ! m>vell\sly ugly devil aga9/ him1 
employ+ all 8 eloqu5ce to conv9ce !     
sa9t4 ,/ ,james1 aft] he has br\ght     
,m>9o to a ?or\gh p5it5ce = 8 s91       
promises him immunity1 deliv]s him &    

br+s him back to ,god4 ,accord+ to      
,lor5zo ,ghib]ti1 ,b]na reproduc$ ?is   
/ory 9 ,s4 ,spirito at ,flor5ce be=e x 0
 burn$1 9 a *apel ( ! ,capponi d$icat$  
to ,/ ,ni*olas4 ,aft] ^! works ,b]na    
pa9t$ a l>ge crucifix 9 a *apel ( !     
,vescovado ( ,arezzo = ,m4 ,guccio di   
,vanni ,t>lati ( ,pietramela1 ) ,our    
,lady at ! foot ( ! cross1 ,/ ,john !   
,bapti/1 ,/ ,francis la a v sad         
attitude1 & ,/ ,mi*ael ! ar*angel1 ) su*
 c>e t he des]ves no small praise1      
especially z x is s well pres]v$ t x    
might h be5 made ye/]day4 ,at ! foot ( !
 cross1 l[] d[n1 is ! portrait ( ,guccio
 himself1 9 arm\r & kneel+4 ,9 ! ,pieve 
( ! same city he did a numb] ( /ories ( 
,our ,lady = ! *apel ( ! ,paganelli1 &  
!re drew f life a portrait ( ,/ ,rani]i1
 a holy man & prophet ( t h\se1 :o is   
giv+ alms to a cr[d ( poor p surr\nd+   
him4 ,aga9 9 ,s4 ,b>tolommeo he pa9t$ "s
 sc5es f ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! /ory ( !   
,magi1 & 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,spirito he did 
"s /ories ( ,/ ,john ! ,evangeli/1 draw+

 8 own portrait & ^? ( _m ( 8 noble     
fri5ds ( ! city 9 "s figures !re4 ,:5 ^!
 lab\rs 7 complet$ he return$ to 8      
native city & did _m pictures on wood1  
bo? small & great4 ,b he did n rema9 !re
 long1 because he 0 invit$ to ,flor5ce  
to decorate ! *apel ( ,/ ,ni*olas 9 ,s4 
,spirito1 z m5tion$ above1 & :i* 0      
greatly admir$1 z well z to d "s o!r ?+s
 :i* p]i%$ 9 ! un=tunate fire at t *ur*4
 ,9 ! ,pieve ( ,s4 ,gimignano di        
,valdelsa he did 9 fresco "s sc5es f !  
,new ,te/am5t4 ,:5 he 0 on ! po9t (     
complet+ ^! ?+s he fell to ! gr\nd f !  
scaffold+1 suff]+ su* sev]e injuries t  
he expir$ 9 two days1 by :i* art suff]$ 
a great] loss ?an he1 = he pass$ to a   
bett] sph]e4 ,! p ( ,s4 ,gimignano gave 
him hon\rable burial 9 t ,pieve1 )      
/ately obsequies1 hav+ ! same reg>d =   
him :5 dead z !y _h ent]ta9$ = him :ile 
alive1 :ile = _m mon?s !y 7 con/antly   
affix+ to ! tomb epitaphs 9 ! ,lat9 &   
vulg> tongues1 = ! p ( ^? p>ts take a   
natural pleasure 9 belles lettres4 ,?is 

!n 0 ! fitt+ rew>d ( ! hon\rable lab\rs 
( ,b]na1 t ^? :om he _h hon\r$ ) 8      
pa9t+s %\ld celebrate him ) _! p5s4     
,giovanni da ,asciano1 :o 0 a pupil (   
,b]na1 complet$ 8 "w & did "s pictures =
 ! hospital ( ! ,scala at ,si5a4 ,9     
,flor5ce also he did "s ?+s 9 ! old     
h\ses ( ! ,m$ici1 by :i* he acquir$ a   
consid]able reputation4 ,! works ( ,b]na
 ( ,si5a 7 produc$ ab\t #acha4 ,besides 
:at we h already said1 he 0 a fairly    
facile draughtsman & ! fir/ :o began to 
draw animals well1 z we see by "s %eets 
by 8 h& 9 our book1 cov]$ ) wild bea/s (
 v>i\s p>ts1 s t he m]its ! highe/      
praise & t 8 "n %\ld be hon\r$ among    
arti/s4 ,ano!r pupil ( 8 0 ,luca di     
,tome ( ,si5a :o pa9t$ _m works 9 ,si5a 
& 9 all ,tuscany1 b especially ! picture
 & *apel ( ! ,dragomanni 9 ,s4 ,dom5ico 
at ,arezzo4 ,! *apel is 9 ! ,g]man /yle 
& 0 v h&somely decorat$ by t picture &  
by ! frescoes execut$ !re by ! skill &  
tal5t ( ,luda ( ,si5a4     ,duccio1     
,pa9t] ( ,si5a4   ,!re is d d\bt t ^? :o

 inv5t any?+ notewor?y occupy ! greate/ 
%>e ( ! att5tion ( hi/orians1 ,! reason 
= ?is is t orig9al inv5tors are m notic$
 & excite m wond]1 because new ?+s      
always possess a great] *>m ?an         
improvem5ts subsequ5tly introduc$ to    
p]fect !m4 ,= if no "o ev] made a       
beg9n+1 !re w\ld nev] be any advance or 
improvem5t1 & ! full a*ievem5t (        
m>vell\s beauty w\ld nev] be atta9$4    
,accord+ly ,duccio1 a mu* e/eem$ pa9t] (
 ,si5a1 is wor?y to receive ! praise (  
^? :o h foll[$ him _m ye>s aft]1 s9ce 9 
! pavem5t ( ! ,duomo ( ,si5a he initiat$
 ! treatm5t 9 m>ble ( figures 9         
*i>oscuro1 9 :i* mod]n arti/s h p]=m$   
su* wond]s 9 ^! days4 ,duccio devot$    
himself to ! imitation ( ! old /yle & v 
judici\sly gave ! correct =ms to 8      
figures1 ov]com+ ! difficulty pres5t$ by
 su* an art4 ,imitat+ ! pa9t+s 9        
*i>oscuro1 he design$ ! fir/ "p ( !     
pavem5t ) 8 own h&2 & pa9t$ a picture 9 
! ,duomo :i* 0 !n put at ! high alt> &  
aft]w>ds remov$ to make room = !        

tab]nacle ( ! body ( ,*ri/ :i* is n[ se5
 !re4 ,accord+ to ,lor5zo di ,b>tolo    
,ghib]ti1 ?is picture 0 a ,coronation ( 
,our ,lady1 v mu* 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1   
?\gh m+l$ ) mu* t is mod]n4 ,x 0 pa9t$  
on bo? sides1 z ! alt> /ood out by      
itself1 & on ! back ,duccio _h ) great  
c>e pa9t$ all ! pr9cipal incid5ts ( !   
,new ,te/am5t 9 "s v f9e small figures4 
,i h endeav\r$ to discov] ! :]eab\ts ( !
 picture at ! pres5t "t1 b al?\gh ,i h  
tak5 ! utmo/ pa9s 9 ! se>*1 ,i h n      
succe$$ 9 f9d+ x or ( le>n+ :at         
,francesco di ,giorgio ! sculptor did ) 
x1 :5 he re/or$ ! tab]nacle 9 bronze z  
well z ! m>ble ornam5ts !re4 ,at ,si5a  
,duccio did _m pictures on a gold gr\nd 
& an ,annunciation = ,s4 ,tr9ita1       
,flor5ce4 ,he aft]w>ds pa9t$ _m ?+s at  
,pisa1 ,lucca & ,pi/oia = diff]5t       
*ur*es1 :i* 7 all mu* admir$ & br\ght   
him mu* reputation & pr(it4 ,! place ( 8
 dea? is n kn[n1 nor are we aw>e :at    
relations1 pupils or prop]ty he left4 ,x
 is en\gh t he left to art ! inh]itance 

( 8 inv5tions 9 pa9t+1 m>ble &          
*i>oscuro1 = :i* he is wor?y ( ! highe/ 
comm5dation & praise4 ,he may safely be 
enum]at$ among ! b5efactors :o h        
increas$ ! dignity & beauty ( our craft1
 & ^? :o pursue inve/igations into !    
difficulties ( r>e inv5tions1 des]ve a  
special place 9 our remembrance = ?is   
cause ap>t f _! m>vell\s productions4   
,x is said at ,si5a t 9 #acdh ,duccio   
design$ ! *apel :i* is on ! piazza 9    
front ( ! pr9cipal palace4 ,x is also   
record$ t ano!r native ( ,si5a call$    
,moccio1 fl\ri%$ at ! same "t4 ,he 0 a  
fair sculptor & ar*itect & did _m works 
9 e "p ( ,tuscany1 b *iefly at ,arezzo 9
 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico1 :]e he made a  
m>ble tomb = ( ! ,c]*i4 ,?is tomb       
supports & decorates ! organ ( t *ur*1 &
 if "s object t x is n a "w ( high      
excell5ce1 ,i reply t x mu/ be consid]$ 
a v fair production see+ t he made x 9 !
 ye> #acef :ile q a y\?4 ,he 0 employ$  
on ! "w ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore z "u     
ar*itect & z sculptor1 do+ "s ?+s 9     

m>ble = t /ructure4 ,9 ,arezzo he       
rebuilt ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ago/9o1 :i* 0    
small1 9 its pres5t =m1 ! exp5se be+    
borne by heirs ( ,pi]o ,saccone de'     
,t>lati1 :o _h provid$ = ?is be=e 8 dea?
 at ,bibbi5a 9 ! t]ritory ( ,cas5t9o4 ,z
 ,moccio con/ruct$ ?is *ur* )\t vault+1 
he impos$ ! burd5 ( ! ro( on ! arcad+ ( 
! columns1 runn+ a consid]able risk1 = !
 ent]prise 0 too bold4 ,he also built ! 
,*ur* & ,conv5t ( ,s4 ,antonio1 :i* 7 at
 ! ,fa5za gate be=e ! siege ( ,flor5ce1 
& are n[ entirely 9 ru9s4 ,9 sculpture  
he decorat$ ! gate ( ,s4 ,ago/9o at     
,ancona1 ) _m figures & ornam5ts l ^?   
:i* are at ! gate ( ,s4 ,francesco 9 !  
same city4 ,9 ?is *ur* ( ,/ ,ago/9o he  
also made ! tomb ( ,fra ,z5one          
,vigilanti1 bi%op & g5]al ( ! ord] ( ,/ 
,augu/9e1 & f9ally ! loggia ( ! m]*ants 
9 t city1 :i* has f "t to "t receiv$1 = 
"o cause & ano!r1 _m improvem5ts 9 mod]n
 /yle1 & ornam5tation ( v>i\s           
descriptions4 ,all ^! ?+s1 al?\gh v mu* 
bel[ ! g5]al level ( excell5ce ( to-day1

 receiv$ consid]able praise !n ow+ to ! 
/ate ( in=mation ( ! "t4 ,b to return to
 ,duccio1 8 works 7 execut$ ab\t ! ye> (
 grace #acej4     ,antonio1 ,pa9t] (    
,v5ice4   ,!re are _m m5 :o1 ?r\gh be+  
p]secut$ by ! envy & oppress$ by !      
tyranny ( _! fell[-citiz5s1 h left _!   
native place & h *os5 = a home "s spot  
:]e _! wor? has be5 recognis$ & rew>d$1 
produc+ _! works !re & tak+ ! greate/   
pa9s to excel1 9 ord]1 9 a s5se1 to be  
av5g$ on ^? by :om !y h be5 outrag$4 ,9 
?is way !y frequ5tly become great m51   
:]eas _h !y rema9$ quietly at home !y   
might possibly h a*iev$ little m ?an    
m$iocrity 9 _! art4 ,antonio ( ,v5ice1  
:o w5t to ,flor5ce1 9 ! tra9 ( ,agnolo  
,gaddi1 to le>n pa9t+1 s f> acquir$ !   
prop] me?ods t n only 0 he e/eem$ & lov$
 by ! ,flor5t9es1 b made mu* ( = ?is    
tal5t & = 8 o!r good qualities4 ,!n1    
becom+ possess$ by a desire to return to
 8 native city & enjoy ! fruits ( 8     
lab\rs1 he w5t back to ,v5ice4 ,!re1    
hav+ made himself kn[n by _m ?+s done 9 

fresco & temp]a1 he 0 commission$ by !  
,signoria to pa9t "o ( ! walls ( !      
,c\ncil ,*amb]1 a "w :i* he execut$ )   
su* skill & maje/y t its m]its %\ld h   
br\ght him hon\rs & rew>ds2 b ! rivalry1
 or r ! envy1 ( ! o!r arti/s1 toge!r ) !
 pref]5ce accord$ by "s noblem5 to o!r &
 ali5 pa9t]s1 br\ght ab\t a diff]5t     
result4 ,h5ce poor ,antonio1 feel+      
himself repell$ & rebutt$1 ?\ght x w\ld 
be z well to g back to ,flor5ce1 decid+ 
t he w\ld nev] aga9 return to ,v5ice1 b 
w\ld make ,flor5ce 8 home4 ,hav+ rea*$ t
 city1 he pa9t$ 9 an ar* 9 ! cloi/] (   
,s4 ,spirito ! call+ ( ,pet] & ,&rew f  
_! nets1 ) ,zeb$ee & 8 sons4 ,"u ! ?ree 
ar*es ( ,/efano he pa9t$ ! miracle ( !  
loaves & fi%es1 exhibit+ great dilig5ce 
& love1 z may be se5 9 ! figure ( ,*ri/ 
,himself1 ^: face & aspect betray ,8    
compassion = ! cr[d & ! ard5t *>ity :i* 
leads ,him to di/ribute ! bread4 ,! same
 sc5e also %[s v beautifully ! affection
 ( an apo/le1 :o is v active 9 di/ribut+
 ! bread f a basket4 ,! picture af=ds a 

good illu/ration ( ! value 9 art (      
always pa9t+ figures s t !y appe> to    
speak1 = o!rwise !y are n priz$4        
,antonio %[$ ?is on ! faade 9 a small   
repres5tation ( ! ,fall ( ! ,manna1     
execut$ ) su* skill & f9i%$ ) su* grace1
 t x may truly be call$ excell5t4 ,he   
next did "s /ories ( ,/ ,/eph5 9 !      
pr$ella ( ! high alt> ( ,s4 ,/efano at !
 ,ponte ,vec*io1 ) s mu* lov+ c>e t ev5 
9 illum9ations x w\ld n be possible to  
f9d m graceful or m delicate "w4 ,aga9  
he pa9t$ ! tympanum ov] ! door ( ,s4    
,antonio on ! ,ponte alla ,c>raia4 ,?is 
& ! *ur* 7 bo? pull$ d[n 9 our own day  
by ,monsignor ,ricasoli1 bi%op (        
,pi/oia1 because !y took away ! view f 8
 h\ses1 & 9 any case ev5 if he _h n done
 s1 we %\ld h be5 depriv$ ( ! "w1 =1 z  
,i h said else:]e1 ! flood ( #aeeg c>ri$
 away two ar*es on ?is side1 z well z t 
"p ( ! bridge on :i* ! little *ur* ( ,s4
 ,antonio 0 situat$4 ,aft] ^! works     
,antonio 0 invit$ to ,pisa by ! w>d5s ( 
! ,campo ,santo1 & !re cont9u$ ! s]ies  

deal+ ) ! life ( ,/ ,rani]i1 a holy man 
( t city1 :i* _h be5 begun by ,simone ( 
,si5a & "u 8 direction4 ,9 ! fir/ "p (  
,antonio's portion ( ! "w is a          
repres5tation ( ! emb>kation ( ,rani]i  
to return to ,pisa1 ) a goodly numb] (  
figures execut$ ) dilig5ce1 includ+ !   
portrait ( ,c\nt ,gaddo1 :o _h di$ t5   
ye>s be=e1 & ( ,n]i1 8 uncle1 :o _h be5 
"l ( ,pisa4 ,ano!r notable figure 9 !   
gr\p is t ( a man possess$1 ) di/ort$1  
convulsive ge/ures1 8 eyes gli/5+1 & 8  
m\? gr9n+ & %[+ 8 tee?1 s rem>kably l a 
p]son really possess$ t no?+ m true or  
life-l c be imag9$4 ,! next picture     
conta9s ?ree really beautiful figures1  
lo/ 9 wond] at see+ ,/ ,rani]i reveal ! 
devil 9 ! =m ( a cat on a tub to a fat  
innkeep]1 :o looks l a boon companion1 &
 :o is comm5d+ himself fe>fully to !    
sa9t2 _! attitudes are excell5tly       
dispos$ 9 ! /yle ( ! drap]ies1 ! v>iety 
( poses ( ! heads1 & 9 all o!r          
p>ticul>s4 ,h>d by are ! maids]vants ( !
 innkeep]1 :o c\ld n possibly be        

repres5t$ ) m grace z ,antonio has made 
!m ) dis5gag$ g>m5ts arrang$ aft] !     
mann] ( ^? worn by ! s]vants at an inn1 
s t no?+ bett] c be imag9$4 ,no?+ ( ?is 
arti/ gives m pleasure ?an ! wall       
conta9+ ano!r sc5e f ! same s]ies 9 :i* 
! canons ( !  ,duomo ( ,pisa1 9 ! f9e   
robes ( ! "t1 v diff]5t f ^? 9 use      
to-day & v graceful1 receive ,/ ,rani]i 
at table1 all ! figures be+ made ) great
 c>e4 ,! next ( 8 sc5es is ! dea? ( !   
sa9t1 conta9+ f9e repres5tations n only 
( ! effect ( weep+1 b ( ! movem5ts (    
c]ta9 angels :o are c>ry+ 8 s\l to heav5
 surr\nd$ by a brilliant light1 done )  
f9e orig9ality4 ,9 ! sc5e :]e ! sa9t's  
body is be+ c>ri$ by ! cl]gy to ! ,duomo
 "o c b m>vel at ! repres5tation ( !    
prie/s s++1 = 9 _! ge/ures1 c>riage1 &  
all _! movem5ts !y exactly resemble a   
*oir ( s+]s4 ,?is sc5e is said to conta9
 a portrait ( ! ,bav>ian4 ,antonio      
likewise pa9t$ ) ! greate/ c>e !        
miracles wr\ght by ,rani]i :5 he 0 be+  
c>ri$ to burial1 & ^? wr\ght 9 ano!r    

place1 aft] 8 body _h be5 deposit$ 9 !  
,duomo1 su* z bl9d :o receive _! sight1 
)]$ m5 :o recov] ! use ( _! limbs1      
demoniacs :o are releas$1 & o!r miracles
 repres5t$ ) great vig\r4 ,b "o ( ! mo/ 
rem>kable figures ( all is a dropsical  
man1 ^: )]$ face1 dry lips1 & swoll5    
body exhibit ) z mu* realism z a liv+   
man c\ld1 ! dev\r+ ?ir/ ( ^? suff]+ f   
dropsy & ! o!r symptoms ( t disease4    
,ano!r m>vell\s ?+ = ! "t 9 ?is "w is a 
%ip deliv]$ by ! sa9t aft] x _h und]gone
 v>i\s mi%aps4 ,x conta9s an excell5t   
repres5tation ( ! activity ( ! m>9]s1   
compris+ ev]y?+ t is usually done 9 su* 
case4 ,"s are ca/+ into ! gre$y sea )\t 
a ?\ght ! valuable m]*&ise won ) s mu*  
toil1 "s are runn+ to pres]ve ! %ip :i* 
is splitt+1 & 9 %ort p]=m+ all ! o!r    
duties ( seam5 :i* x w\ld take too long 
to tell4 ,suffice x to say t all are    
execut$ ) rem>kable vig\r1 & 9 a f9e    
/yle4 ,9 ! same place b5ea? ! lives ( ! 
holy fa!rs pa9t$ by ,pietro ,laurati (  
,si5a1 ,antonio did ! bodies ( ,/ ,oliv]

 & ! ,abbot ,paphnuce1 & _m circum/ances
 ( _! lives1 repres5t$ on a m>ble       
s>cophagus1 ! figure be+ v well pa9t$4  
,9 %ort1 all ! works ( ,antonio 9 !     
,campo ,santo are su* t !y are          
univ]sally consid]$1 & ) good cause1 to 
be ! be/ ( ! entire s]ies ( works       
produc$ !re by _m excell5t ma/]s ov] a  
consid]able int]val ( "t4 ,9 addition to
 ! p>ticul>s already m5tion$1 ,antonio  
did ev]y?+ 9 fresco1 & nev] ret\*$ any?+
 a secco4 ,?is is ! reason :y 8 col\rs h
 rema9$ s fre% to ! pres5t day1 & ?is   
%\ld tea* arti/s to recognise ! injury t
 is done to pictures & works by ret\*+ a
 secco ?+s done 9 fresco ) o!r col\rs1 z
 is said 9 ! !ories1 = x is an e/abli%$ 
fact t ?is ret\*+ ages ! pa9t+1 & ! new 
col\rs :i* h no body ( _! own w n /& !  
te/ ( "t1 be+ temp]$ ) gum-tragacan?1   
egg1 size1 or "s su* ?+ :i* v>ni%es :at 
is b5ea? x1 & x does n p]mit ! lapse (  
"t & ! air to purge :at has be5 actually
 pa9t$ 9 fresco ^u ! s(t /ucco1 z !y    
w\ld d _h n o!r col\rs be5 sup]impos$   

aft] ! dry+4 ,^u ! completion ( ?is     
truly admirable "w ,antonio 0 wor?ily   
rew>d$ by ! ,pisans1 :o always ent]ta9$ 
a great affection = him4 ,he !n return$ 
to ,flor5ce1 :]e he pa9t$ at ,nuovoli   
outside ! gate lead+ to ,prato1 9 a     
tab]nacle at ,giovanni degli ,agli1 a   
dead ,*ri/1 ) a quantity ( figures1 !   
/ory ( ! ,magi & ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 all v 
f9e4 ,invit$ next to ! ,c]tosa1 he pa9t$
 = ! ,acciaiuoli1 :o built t place1 !   
picture ( ! high alt>1 :i* surviv$ to   
our own day1 :5 x 0 consum$ by fire     
?r\gh ! c>elessness ( a sacri/an ( !    
mona/]y1 :o left ! c5s] hung at ! alt>  
full ( fire1 :i* l$ to ! picture be+    
burnt4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds made entirely (    
m>ble by ! monks1 z x is n[4 ,9 ! same  
place ?is same ma/] did a v f9e         
,transfiguration 9 fresco on a cupbo>d 9
 ! *apel4 ,be+ mu* incl9$ by nature to !
 /udy ( h]bs1 he devot$ himself to !    
ma/]y ( ,dioscorides1 tak+ pleasure 9   
le>n+ ! prop]ties & virtues ( ea* plant1
 s t he ultimately ab&on$ pa9t+ & devot$

 himself to di/ill+ simples ) great     
assiduity4 ,hav+ ?us trans=m$ himself f 
a pa9t] into a physician1 he pursu$ !   
latt] pr(ession = "s "t4 ,at l5g? he    
fell-sick ( a disord] ( ! /oma*1 or1 z  
"s say1 ?r\gh treat+ ! plague1 & f9i%$ !
 c\rse ( 8 life at ! age ( sev5ty-f\r 9 
! ye> #achd1 :5 ! plague 0 rag+ 9       
,flor5ce4 ,8 skill z a physician equall$
 8 dilig5ce z a pa9t]1 = he ga9$ an     
ext5sive exp]i5ce 9 m$ic9e f ^? :o _h   
employ$ him 9 _! ne$1 & he left beh9d   
him a high reputation 9 bo? arts4       
,antonio 0 a v graceful design] ) ! p51 
& s excell5t 9 *i>oscuro t "s %eets ( 8 
9 our book1 9 :i* he did ! ar* ( ,s4    
,spirito1 are ! be/ ( ! age4 ,gh]>do    
,/>n9i ( ,flor5ce 0 a pupil ( ,antonio1 
& closely imitat$ him1 :ile ano!r pupil 
( 81 ,paolo ,uccello1 br\ght him no     
small cr$it4 ,! portrait ( ,antonio (   
,v5ice by 8 own h& is 9 ! ,campo ,santo 
at ,pisa4     ,jacopo di ,cas5t9o1      
,pa9t]4   ,z ! fame & r5[n ( ! pa9t+s ( 
,giotto & 8 pupils _h be5 spread abroad 

= _m ye>s1 _m1 :o 7 desir\s ( obta9+    
fame & ri*es by means ( ! art ( pa9t+1  
began to be animat$ by ! hope ( glory1 &
 by natural incl9ation1 to make progress
 t[>ds ! improvem5t ( ! art1 feel+      
confid5t t1 ) ef=t1 !y w\ld be able to  
surpass 9 excell5ce ,giotto1 ,taddeo1 & 
! o!r pa9t]s4 ,among ^! 0 "o ,jacopo di 
,cas5t9o1 :o 0 born1 z we read1 ( !     
family ( ,m4 ,cri/(oro ,l&9o (          
,pratovec*io1 & 0 associat$ by ! fri> ( 
,cas5t9o1 !n sup]ior at ! ,sasso del    
,v]nia1 ) ,taddeo ,gaddi1 :ile he 0     
work+ 9 t conv5t1 9 ord] t he might le>n
 design & col\r4 ,9 a few ye>s he s f>  
succe$$1 t1 be+ tak5 to ,flor5ce 9 !    
company ( ,giovanni di ,milano1 9 !     
s]vice ( _! ma/]1 ,taddeo1 :]e !y 7 do+ 
_m ?+s1 he 0 ask$ to pa9t 9 temp]a !    
tab]nacle ( ! ,madonna ( ! ,old ,m>ket1 
) ! picture !re1 & also ! "o on ! ,via  
del ,cocomoro side ( ! ,piazza ,s4      
,niccolo4 ,a few ye>s ago bo? ( ^! 7    
re/or$ by a v inf]ior ma/] to ,jacopo4  
,= ! ,dy]s1 he did ! "o at ,s4 ,n(ri1 on

 ! side ( _! g>d5 wall1 opposite ,s4    
,giuseppe4 ,:ile ! vault+ (             
,orsanmi*ele1 ^u its twelve pill>s1 0   
be+ complet$1 & cov]$ ) a l[1 r\gh ro(1 
await+ ! completion ( ! build+ ( !      
palace1 :i* 0 to be ! gran>y ( !        
,commune1 ! pa9t+ ( ^! vaults 0 entru/$ 
to ,jacopo di ,cas5t9o1 z a v skill$    
arti/4 ,"h he pa9t$ "s prophets & !     
patri>*s1 ) ! heads ( ! tribes1 sixte5  
figures 9 all1 on an ultram>9e gr\nd1 n[
 mu* damag$1 )\t o!r ornam5tation4 ,he  
next did ! l[] walls & pila/]s ) _m     
miracles ( ,our ,lady1 & o!r ?+s :i* may
 be recognis$ by _! /yle4 ,?is done1 he 
return$ to ,cas5t9o1 & aft] pa9t+ _m    
works 9 ,pratovec*io1 ,poppi1 & o!r     
places ( t valley1 he proce$$ to        
,arezzo1 :i* !n gov]n$ itself ) a c\ncil
 ( sixty ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ hon\r$ citiz5s1
 to :om all ! affairs ( ! /ate 7        
entru/$4 ,"h1 9 ! pr9cipal *apel ( !    
,vescovado1 he pa9t$ a /ory ( ,/ ,m>t91 
& a good numb] ( pictures 9 ! old       
,duomo1 n[ pull$ d[n1 includ+ a portrait

 ( ,pope ,innoc5t ,,vi4 9 ! pr9cipal    
*apel4 ,he next did ! wall :]e ! high   
alt> is1 & ! *apel ( ,/ ,m>ia della     
,neve1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,b>tolommeo1 = !  
*apt] ( ! canons ( ! ,pieve1 & = ! old  
bro!rhood ( ,s4 ,giovanni de' ,p$ucci he
 did a numb] ( sc5es f ! life ( t sa9t1 
:i* are n[ :itewa%$ ov]4 ,he also did ! 
*apel ( ,/ ,*ri/oph] 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4     
,dom5ico1 introduc+ a portrait ( !      
bless$ ,masuolo releas+ f prison a      
m]*ant ( ! ,fei family1 :o built !      
*apel4 ,?is sa9t 0 a contempor>y ( !    
arti/1 & a prophet :o pr$ict$ _m        
mis=tunes = ! ,aret9es4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 
,ago/9o1 ,jacopo did "s /ories ( ,/     
,laur5ce 9 fresco 9 ! *apel & at ! alt> 
( ! ,n>di ) m>vell\s /yle & skill4 ,s9ce
 he also practis$ ar*itecture1 he 0     
employ$ by ! sixty *ief citiz5s m5tion$ 
above to br+ "u ! walls ( ,arezzo ! wat]
 :i* comes f ! slopes ( ,pori1 #cjj     
braccia f ! city4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,romans   
?is wat] _h be5 orig9ally br\ght to !   
!atre1 traces ( :i* /ill exi/1 & !nce f 

its situation on ! hill :]e ! =tress n[ 
is1 to ! amphi!atre ( ! city 9 ! pla91 !
 build+s & conduits ( ?is be+ aft]w>ds  
entirely de/roy$ by ! ,go?s4 ,?us aft]  
,jacopo _h1 z ,i  h said1 br\ght ! wat] 
"u ! wall1 he made ! f\nta91 !n kn[n z !
 ,fonte ,guizianelli1 b is  n[ call$ by 
corruption ,fonte ,v9iziana4 ,x rema9$  
/&+ f #aced until #aebg1 b no long]1    
because ! plague ( ! foll[+ ye>1 & ! w> 
:i* foll[$1 depriv$ x ( _m ( its        
advantages = ! use ( ! g>d5s1 p>ticul>ly
 z ,jacopo did n br+ x inside1 & = ^!   
reasons x is n /&+ to-day1 z x %\ld be4 
,:il/ ,jacopo 0 engag$ 9 br++ wat] to ! 
city he did n ab&on 8 pa9t+1 & 9 !      
palace :i* 0 9 ! old citadel1 de/roy$ 9 
our day1 he did _m sc5es ( ! de$s ( !   
,bi%op ,guide & ( ,pi]o ,sacconi1 :o _h 
done great & notable ?+s = ! city bo? 9 
peace & w>4 ,he also did ! /ory ( ,/    
,mat!w "u ! organ 9 ! ,pieve1 & a       
consid]able numb] ( o!r works4 ,by ^!   
pa9t+s1 :i* he did 9 e "p ( ! city1 he  
taught ,sp9ello ( ,arezzo ! fir/        

pr9ciples ( t art :i* he himself _h     
le>n$ f ,agnolo1 & :i* ,sp9ello aft]w>ds
 taught to ,b]n>do ,daddi1 :o work$ 9 ! 
city & adorn$ x ) _m f9e pa9t+s1 :i*1   
unit$ to 8 o!r excell5t qualities1      
br\ght him mu* hon\r among 8            
fell[-citiz5s1 :o employ$ him a great   
deal 9 magi/racies & o!r public affairs4
 ,! pa9t+s ( ,b]n>do 7 num]\s & highly  
valu$1 fir/ 9 ,/ ,croce1 ! *apel ( ,/   
,laur5ce & ^? ( ,/ ,/eph5 ( ! ,pulci &  
,b]>di1 & _m o!r pa9t+s 9 v>i\s o!r p>ts
 ( t *ur*4 ,at l5g?1 aft] he _h pa9t$ "s
 pictures on ! inside ( ! gates ( ! city
 ( ,flor5ce1 he di$1 full ( ye>s1 & 0   
buri$ hon\rably 9 ,s4 ,felicita 9 ! ye> 
#achj4  ,to return to ,jacopo4 ,9 ! ye> 
#acej 0 f\nd$ ! company & bro!rhood ( ! 
,pa9t]s4 ,= ! ma/]s :o !n fl\ri%$1 bo?  
^? :o practis$ ! old ,byzant9e /yle & ^?
 :o foll[$ ! new s*ool ( ,cimabue1 see+ 
t !y 7 num]\s1 & t ! art ( design _h be5
 reviv$ 9 ,tuscany & 9 _! own ,flor5ce1 
creat$ ?is society "u ! "n & protection 
( ,/ ,luke ! ,evangeli/1 to r5d] praise 

& ?anks to ,god 9 ! sanctu>y ( t sa9t1  
to meet toge!r f "t to "t1 rememb]+ !   
welf>e ( _! s\ls z well z ( ! bodies (  
^? :o might be 9 ne$ ( assi/ance at     
v>i\s times4 ,?is is /ill ! practice (  
_m ( ! ,arts 9 ,flor5ce1 b x 0 mu* m    
common 9 =m] times4 ,_! fir/ sanctu>y 0 
! pr9cipal *apel ( ! hospital ( ,s4     
,m>ia ,nuova1 :i* 0 grant$ !m by !      
family ( ! ,port9>i4 ,! fir/ gov]nors ( 
! company 7 six 9 numb]1 ) ! title (    
capta9s1 & 9 addition !re 7 two         
c\ncillors & two *amb]la9s4 ,?is may be 
se5 9 ! old book ( ! company begun !n1 !
 fir/ *apt] ( :i* op5s ?us3  ,^!        
articles & regulations 7 agre$ ^u &     
drawn up by ! good & discreet m5 ( ! art
 ( ! ,pa9t]s ( ,flor5ce1 & 9 ! "t (     
,lapo ,gucci1 pa9t]2 ,vanni ,c9uzzi1    
pa9t]2 ,cors9o ,buonaiuti1 pa9t]2       
,pasqu9o ,c5ni1 pa9t]2 ,segnia          
d',antignano1 pa9t]4 ,! c\ncillors 7    
,b]n>do ,daddi & ,jacopo di ,cas5t9o1   
pa9t]s4 ,consiglio ,gh]>di & ,dom5ico   
,pucci1 pa9t]s1 ! *amb]la9s4  ,! company

 be+ ?us =m$ by ! cons5t ( ! capta9s &  
o!rs1 ,jacopo di ,cas5t9o pa9t$ !       
picture ( _! *apel1 repres5t+ ,/ ,luke  
draw+ a picture ( ,our ,lady1 & 9 !     
pr$ella1 all ! m5 ( ! company kneel+ on 
"o side & all ! wom5 on ! o!r4 ,f ?is   
beg9n+1 :e!r !y meet or no1 ! company   
has exi/$ cont9u\sly f ?is "t & has     
rec5tly be5 remodell$1 z is relat$ 9 !  
new articles ( ! company approv$ by !   
,mo/ ,illu/ri\s ,"l1 ,duke ,cosimo1 ! v 
b5ignant protector ( ^! arts ( design4  
,at l5g? ,jacopo1 ov]:elm$ ) ye>s &     
toil1 return$ to ,cas5t9o & di$ !re at  
,prato ,vec*io1 at ! age ( eighty4 ,he 0
 buri$ by 8 relations & fri5ds 9 ,s4    
,agnolo1 an abbey ( ! ,camaldol9e ord]1 
outside ,prato ,vec*io4 ,sp9ello        
introduc$ 8 portrait into a picture ( ! 
,magi 9 ! old ,duomo1 & 8 /yle (        
draughtsman%ip may be se5 9 our book4   
,sp9ello1 ,pa9t] ( ,arezzo4   ,^u "o ( !
 occasions :5 ! ,ghibell9es 7 driv5 f   
,flor5ce & :5 !y settl$ at ,arezzo1     
,luca ,sp9elli _h a son born to him !re1

 to :om he gave ! "n ( ,sp9ello4 ,?is   
boy _h s mu* natural incl9ation to be a 
pa9t]1 t almo/ )\t a ma/] & :ile /ill q 
a *ild he knew m ?an _m :o h practis$ "u
 ! be/ tea*]s1 & :at is m1 he contract$ 
a fri5d%ip ) ,jacopo di ,cas5t9o :ile ! 
latt] 0 work+ at ,arezzo1 & le>n$ some?+
 f him1 s mu* s inde$ t be=e he 0 tw5ty 
ye>s ( age he 0 a f> bett] ma/]1 "y z he
 01 ?an ,jacopo1 :o 0 already an old    
man4 ,sp9ello's e>ly reputation z a good
 pa9t] induc$ ,m4 ,d>dano ,acciaiuoli to
 employ him to decorate ! *ur* ( ,s4    
,niccolo at ! pope's halls1 :i* he _h j 
erect$1 beh9d ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella 9 !    
,via dei ,scala1 & !re buri$ a bro!r :o 
0 a bi%op4 ,"h ,sp9ello pa9t$ sc5es f ! 
life ( ,/ ,ni*olas1 bi%op ( ,b>i1 9     
fresco1 complet+ ! "w 9 #accd aft] two  
ye>s ( unremitt+ lab\r4 ,9 x he exhibit$
 equal excell5ce z a col\ri/ & z a      
design]1 s t ! col\rs rema9$ 9 excell5t 
pres]vation up to our own day1 & !      
excell5ce ( ! figures 0 well express$1  
until a few ye>s ago :5 !y 7 9 great "p 

damag$ by a fire :i* un=tunately broke  
out 9 ! *ur* at a "t :5 x happ5$ to be  
full ( /raw1 br\ght !re by "s indiscreet
 p]sons :o made use ( ! build+ z a b>n =
 ! /orage ( /raw4 ,! fame ( ! "w induc$ 
,m4 ,b>one ,capelli1 citiz5 ( ,flor5ce1 
to employ ,sp9ello to pa9t 9 ! pr9cipal 
*apel ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 a numb] (  
/ories ( ! ,madonna 9 fresco1 & "s ( ,/ 
,an?ony ! abbot1 & ne> !m ! consecration
 ( t v anci5t *ur* by ,pope ,pas*al     
,,ii4 ,sp9ello did all ?is s well t x   
looks z if x _h all be5 ! "w ( a s+le   
day & n ( _m mon?s1 z 0 actually ! case4
 ,ne> ! pope is ! portrait ( ,m4 ,b>one 
f life1 9 ! dress ( ! "t1 excell5tly    
done & ) good judgm5t4 ,on ! completion 
( ?is1 ,sp9ello work$ 9 ! *ur* ( !      
,c>m9e 9 fresco1 do+ ! *apel ( ,/ ,james
 & ,/ ,john1 apo/les1 :]e1 among o!r    
?+s1 he has giv5 a v c>eful             
repres5tation ( ! reque/ made ( ,*ri/ by
 ! wife ( ,zeb$ee & "m ( ,james1 t h]   
sons %\ld sit ! "o on ! "r & ! o!r on ! 
left ( ! ,fa!r 9 ! k+dom ( ,heav54 ,a   

little fur!r ov] "o sees ,zeb$ee1 ,james
 & ,john leav+ _! nets & foll[+ ,*ri/1  
done ) wond]ful vig\r & /yle4 ,9 ano!r  
*apel ( ! same *ur*1 beside ! pr9cipal  
"o1 ,sp9ello also did 9 fresco "s /ories
 ( ! ,madonna & ! ,apo/les1 _! miracul\s
 appe>ance to h] be=e h] dea?1 h] dea? &
 h] be+ c>ri$ to ,heav5 by angels4 ,z ! 
sc5e 0 on a l>ge scale1 & ! *apel be+ a 
v small "o ( n m ?an t5 braccia 9 l5g? &
 five 9 height1 w\ld n take x all1      
especially 9 ! case ( ! ,assumption (   
,our ,lady1 ,sp9ello v judici\sly       
cont9u$ ! sc5e to ! vault+ on "o ( !    
sides at ! place :]e ,*ri/ & ! angels   
are receiv+ h]4 ,9 a *apel ( ,s4        
,tr9ita1 ,sp9ello made a v f9e          
,annunciation & = ! high alt> picture ( 
! *ur* ( ,s4 ,apo/olo he pa9t$ 9 temp]a 
! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s ^u ! ,apo/les 9 
tongues ( fire4 ,9 ,s4 ,lucia de' ,b>di 
he also pa9t$ a panel & did a l>g] "o = 
! *apel ( ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/1 decorat$  
by ,giotto4  ,aft] ^! ?+s1 & on acc\nt (
 ! great reputation :i* 8 lab\rs 9      

,flor5ce _h procur$ = him1 ,sp9ello 0   
recall$ to ,arezzo by ! sixty citiz5s :o
 gov]n$ x1 & 0 commission$ by ! ,commune
 to pa9t ! /ory ( ! ,magi 9 ! old ,duomo
 outside ! city1 & 9 ! *apel ( ,/       
,gismondo1 a ,/ ,donate1 :o by means ( a
 b5$iction causes a s]p5t to bur/4      
,simil>ly he made "s v>i\s figures on _m
 pila/]s ( t ,duomo1 & on a wall he did 
a ,magdal5e 9 ! h\se ( ,simon ano9t+    
,*ri/'s feet1 ) o!r pa9t+s :i* !re is no
 ne$ to m5tion1 s9ce t *ur* is n[       
entirely de/roy$1 ?\gh x 0 !n full (    
tombs1 ! bones ( sa9ts & o!r notable    
?+s4 ,b 9 ord] t ! memory ( x may at    
lea/ rema91 ,i w rem>k t x 0 built by ! 
,aret9es m ?an ?irte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1  
at ! "t :5 !y 7 fir/ conv]t$ to ! fai? (
 ,jesus ,*ri/ by ,/ ,donato1 :o aft]w>ds
 became bi%op ( ! city4 ,x 0 d$icat$ to 
him1 & ri*ly adorn$ bo? )9 & )\t ) v    
anci5t spoils ( antiquity4 ,! gr\nd plan
 ( ! *ur*1 :i* is discuss$ at l5g?      
else:]e1 0 divid$ on ! outside into     
sixte5 faces1 & on ! inside into eight1 

& all 7 full ( ! spoils ( ^? times :i*  
_h orig9ally be5 d$icat$ to idols2 9    
%ort1 x 01 at ! "t ( its de/ruction1 z  
beautiful z su* a v anci5t *ur* c\ld    
possibly be4 ,aft] ! num]\s pa9t+s :i*  
he _h done 9 ! ,duomo1 ,sp9ello pa9t$ = 
! *apel ( ! ,m>sup9i 9 ,s4 ,francesco1  
,pope ,honorius confirm+ & approv+ !    
rule ( t sa9t1 ! pope be+ a portrait (  
,innoc5t ,,iv41 he hav+ by "s means     
obta9$ ! lik5ess4 ,9 ! *apel ( ,/       
,mi*ael1 ! ,ar*angel1 9 ! same *ur* 9   
:i* ! bells are rung1 he pa9t$ _m sc5es 
relat+ to him2 & r l[] d[n1 9 ! *apel ( 
,m4 ,giuliano ,baccio1 he did an        
,annunciation1 ) o!r figures1 :i* are   
mu* admir$4 ,! :ole ( ! works 9 ?is *ur*
 7 done 9 fresco ) great boldness &     
skill betwe5 ! ye>s #accd & #acch4 ,9 ! 
,pieve ( ! same city he aft]w>ds pa9t$ !
 *apel ( ,/ ,pet] & ,/ ,paul1 & bel[ x t
 ( ,/ ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel2 = ! frat]nity
 ( ,s4 ,m>ia della ,mis]icordia he did !
 *apel ( ,/ ,james & ,/ ,philip2 & ov] !
 pr9cipal door ( ! frat]nity :i* is on !

 piazza1 t is to say1 9 ! tympanum1 he  
pa9t$ a ,pieta1 ) a ,/ ,john1 at !      
reque/ ( ! rectors ( ! frat]nity4 ,!    
f\ndation ( ! bro!rhood took place 9 ?is
 way4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( good & hon\rable 
citiz5s began to g ab\t ask+ alms = !   
poor :o 7 a%am$ to beg1 & to succ\r !m 9
 all _! necessities1 9 ! ye> ( ! plague 
( #acdh4 ,! frat]nity acquir$ a great   
reputation1 acquir$ by means ( ! ef=ts (
 ^! good m51 9 help+ ! poor & infirm1   
bury+ ! dead1 & p]=m+ o!r k9dr$ acts (  
*>ity1 s t ! beque/s1 donations &       
inh]itances left to !m became s         
consid]able t !y am\nt$ to "o-?ird ( !  
entire weal? ( ,arezzo4 ,! same happ5$ 9
 #achc1 :i* 0 also a ye> ( sev]e plague4
 ,sp9ello !n be+ ( ! company1 (t5       
und]took to visit ! infirm1 bury ! dead1
 & p]=m o!r l pi\s duties :i* ! be/     
citiz5s h always und]tak5 & /ill d 9 t  
city4 ,9 ord] to leave a memorial ( ?is 
9 8 pa9t+s1 he pa9t$ = ! company on !   
wall ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,laur5t9o &         
,p]g5t9o1 a ,madonna ) h] mantle op5 9  

front1 & b5ea? h] ! p ( ,arezzo1        
compris+ portraits ( _m ( ! e>lie/      
memb]s ( ! frat]nity1 drawn f life1 )   
wallets r\nd _! necks & a wood5 hamm] 9 
_! h&s1 l ^? ) :i* !y knock$ at ! doors 
to ask alms4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! company ( ! 
,annunciation he pa9t$ ! l>ge tab]nacle 
:i* is outside ! *ur*1 & "p ( a portico 
:i* is opposite x1 & ! picture ( !      
company1 :i* is an ,annunciation1 9     
temp]a4 ,! picture :i* is n[ 9 ! *ur* ( 
! nuns ( ,s4 ,giu/o1 :]e a little ,*ri/1
 :o is at ,8 "m's neck1 is esp\s+ ,/    
,ca!r9e1 ) six small sc5es 9 little     
figures ( ! acts ( t sa9t1 is also a "w 
( ,sp9ello & mu* admir$4 ,be+ aft]w>ds  
invit$ to ! fam\s abbey ( ,camaldoli 9  
,cas5t9o 9 ! ye> #acfa1 he pa9t$ = !    
h]mits ( t place ! picture ( ! high     
alt>1 :i* 0 tak5 away 9 ! ye> #aeci1 :5 
! entire *ur* 0 rebuilt & ,giorgio      
,vas>i did a new picture1 pa9t+ !       
pr9cipal *apel ( ! abbey all 9 fresco1 !
 transept ( ! *ur* 9 fresco & two       
pictures4 ,summon$ !nce to ,flor5ce by  

,d4 ,jacopo d',arezzo1 ,abbot ( ,s4     
,m9iato 9 ,monte ( ! ord] ( ,monte      
,oliveto1 ,sp9ello pa9t$ ! vault+ & f\r 
walls ( ! sacri/y ( t mona/]y1 besides !
 picture ( ! alt>1 all 9 temp]a1 ) _m   
/ories ( ! life ( ,/ ,b5$ict1 execut$ ) 
mu* skill & a great vivacity 9 ! col\r+1
 le>n$ by him by means ( long practice &
 cont9ual lab\r1 ) /udy & dilig5ce1 su* 
z are necess>y to e "o :o wi%es to      
acquire an art p]fectly4 ,aft] ^! ?+s ! 
said abbot left ,flor5ce & receiv$ !    
direction ( ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,b]n>do ( ! 
same ord]1 9 8 native l&1 at ! v "t :5 x
 0 almo/ entirely complet$ on ! l&      
grant$ by ! ,aret9es1 on ! site ( !     
,colosseum4 ,"h ! abbot induc$ ,sp9ello 
to pa9t 9 fresco two *apels :i* are     
beside ! pr9cipal *apel1 & two o!rs1 "o 
on ei!r side ( ! door lead+ to ! *oir 9 
! scre5 ( ! *ur*4 ,9 "o ( ! two1 next ! 
pr9cipal *apel1 is an ,annunciation 9   
fresco1 made ) ! greate/ dilig5ce1 & on 
a wall beside x1 is ! ,madonna asc5d+ ! 
/eps ( ! ,temple1 accompani$ by ,joa*im 

& ,anna2 9 ! o!r *apel is a ,crucifix ) 
! ,madonna & ,/ ,john weep+1 & a ,/     
,b]n>d ador+ on 8 knees4 ,on ! inn] wall
 ( ! *ur* :]e ! alt> ( ,our ,lady /&s1  
he pa9t$ ! ,virg9 ) ! *ild at h] neck1  
:i* 0 consid]$ a v beautiful figure1 &  
did _m o!r ?+s = ! *ur*1 pa9t+ above !  
*oir ,our ,lady1 ,/ ,m>y ,magdal5e & ,/ 
,b]n>d1 v vivaci\sly4 ,9 ! ,pieve (     
,arezzo 9 ! ,*apel ( ,/ ,b>?olomew1 he  
did a numb] ( sc5es f ! life ( t sa9t1 &
 on ! opposite side ( ! *ur*1 9 ! *apel 
( ,/ ,mat!w1 "u ! organ1 :i* 0 pa9t$ by 
8 ma/] ,jacopo di ,cas5t9o1 besides _m  
/ories ( t sa9t1 :i* are m]itori\s1 he  
did ! f\r ,evangeli/s 9 "s m$allions1 9 
an orig9al /yle1 = above ! bu/ & human  
limbs he gave ,/ ,john ! head ( an      
eagle1 ,/ ,m>k ! head ( a lion1 ,/ ,luke
 t ( an ox1 :ile only ,/ ,mat!w has a   
human face1 t is to say an angel's4     
,outside ,arezzo1 he decorat$ ! *ur* (  
,s4 ,/efano1 built by ! ,aret9es ^u _m  
columns ( granite & m>ble1 to hon\r &   
pres]ve ! names ( sev]al m>tyrs :o 7 put

 to dea? by ,julian ! ,apo/ate4 ,"h he  
did a numb] ( figures & sc5es ) great   
dilig5ce & su* a /yle ( col\r+ t !y 7 9 
a wond]fully fre% /ate ( pres]vation :5 
!y 7 de/roy$ n _m ye>s ago4 ,b ! really 
rem>kable piece ( "w 9 t place1 besides 
! /ories ( ,/ ,/eph51 9 figures l>g] ?an
 life size1 is ! sight ( ,joseph1 9 !   
/ory ( ! ,magi1 beside himself ) joy at 
! com+ ( ^? k+s1 & ke5ly wat*+ ! k+s z  
!y are op5+ ! vessels ( _! treasures &  
are (f]+ !m to him4 ,9 ! same *ur* is a 
,madonna (f]+ a rose to ! ,*ri/ *ild1   
:i* 0 & is consid]$ a mo/ beautiful     
figure1 & s highly rev]5c$ by ! ,aret9es
 t :5 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,/efano 0 pull$ d[n1 
)\t sp>+ ei!r pa9s or exp5se1 !y cut x  
out ( ! wall1 +5i\sly remov$ x & c>ri$ x
 into ! city1 deposit+ x 9 a small *ur* 
9 ord] to hon\r x1 z !y d1 ) ! same     
devotion :i* !y be/[$ ^u x at fir/4 ,!re
 is no wond] t ! "w inspir$ su* rev]5ce1
 = x is a natural *>act]i/ic ( ,sp9ello 
to end[ 8 figures ) a c]ta9 simple      
grace1 p>tak+ ( mode/y & hol9ess1 s t 8 

sa9ts & p>ticul>ly 8 ,virg9s brea! an   
indef9able sanctity & div9ity :i*       
inspire m5 ) devotion4 ,?is may be se5  
also 9 a ,madonna :i* is on ! side ( !  
,alb]getti1 9 "o on an outside wall ( ! 
,pieve 9 ,set]ia1 & 9 ano!r ( ! same k9d
 on ! side ( ! canal4 ,by ,sp9ello's h& 
also is ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s on !     
,apo/les1 on ! wall ( ! hospital ( ,s4  
,spirito1 :i* is v f9e1 z are ! two     
sc5es bel[ repres5t+ ,/ ,cosmo & ,/     
,damian cutt+ a heal?y leg (f a dead    
,moor to atta* x to a man ^: brok5 limb 
!y h remov$4 ,9 l mann] ! ,noli me      
tang]e betwe5 ^! two works is v         
beautiful4 ,9 a *apel ( ! company ( !   
,puracciuoli on ! piazza ( ,/ ,ago/9o he
 did a v f9ely col\r$ ,annunciation1 & 9
 ! cloi/] ( t conv5t he pa9t$ a ,madonna
 9 fresco ) ,/ ,james & ,/ ,an?ony & !  
portrait ( an arm$ soldi] kneel+ !re1 ) 
^! words3 ,hoc opus fecit fi]i ,clem5s  
,pucci de ,monte ,cat9o1 cujus corpus   
jacet hic1 etc4 ,anno ,dom9i #acfg die  
#ae m5sis ,maii4 ,! repres5tations 9 !  

*apel ( t *ur*1 ( ,/ ,an?ony & o!r sa9ts
 are kn[n by _! /yle to be by ,sp9ello's
 h&1 & he aft]w>ds pa9t$ ! :ole ( a     
portico 9 ! hospital ( ,s4 ,m>co1 n[ !  
mona/]y ( ! nuns ( ,/ ,croce z _!       
orig9al h\se1 :i* 0 outside1 0 pull$    
d[n4 ,! figure ( ,/ ,gregory ! ,pope1   
among ! _m repres5t$ 9 ?is "w1 /&+      
beside a ,mis]icordia1 is a portrait (  
,pope ,gregory ,,ix4 ,! *apel ( ,/      
,philip & ,/ ,james at ! entry into !   
*ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico 9 ! same city1 0    
done 9 fresco by ,sp9ello 9 a f9e &     
vigor\s /yle1 z 0 also a ?ree-qu>t] l5g?
 figure ( ,/ ,an?ony1 pa9t$ on ! wall ( 
! *ur*1 :i* is s f9e t x apes life4 ,x  
is plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( f\r sc5es f 8 life1 
& ^! & _m o!r sc5es ( ! life ( ,/       
,an?ony1 also by ,sp9ello's h&1 are 9 ! 
*apel ( ,/ ,an?ony1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4      
,giu/9o4 ,on "o side ( ! *ur* ( ,s4     
,lor5zo he pa9t$ "s /ories ( ! ,madonna1
 & outside ! *ur* he pa9t$ h] seat$1 do+
 ! "w v gracefully 9 fresco4 ,9 a small 
hospital opposite ( ! nuns ( ,s4        

,spirito1 ne> ! gate on ! road to ,rome1
 ! :ole ( ! portico is pa9t$ by 8 h& ) a
 repres5tation ( ! dead ,*ri/ 9 ! lap ( 
! ,m>ies1 execut$ ) s mu* skill &       
judgm5t t x proves him to h equall$     
,giotto 9 ! matt] ( design & to h f>    
surpass$ him z a col\ri/4 ,9 ! same     
place he has repres5t$ ,*ri/ seat$1 ) a 
v +5i\s !ological signification1 hav+   
plac$ ! ,tr9ity inside a ,sun s t ! same
 rays & ! same glory issue f ea* ( !    
?ree figures4 ,b ! same fate has befall5
 ?is "w z has happ5$ to _m o!rs1 to !   
inf9ite loss ( ! lov]s ( ?is art1 = x 0 
?r[n d[n to make way = ! =tifications ( 
! city4 ,at ! company ( ! ,tr9ity may be
 se5 a tab]nacle outside ! *ur*1 by     
,sp9ello v f9ely work$ 9 fresco1        
compris+ ! ,tr9ity1 ,/ ,pet] & ,,ss4    
,cosmo & ,damian dress$ 9 ! robes       
habitually worn by ! physicians ( ! "t4 
,dur+ ! production ( ^! works ,d4       
,jacopo d',arezzo 0 appo9t$ g5]al ( !   
congregation ( ,monte ,oliveto1 n9ete5  
ye>s aft] he _h employ$ ,sp9ello to d a 

numb] ( ?+s at ,flor5ce & at ,arezzo1 z 
has be5 said above4 ,be+ /ation$ accord+
 to ! cu/om ( ! ord]1 at ,monte ,oliveto
 ! great]1 ( ,*iusuri 9 ! ,si5a di/rict1
 z be+ ! pr9cipal h\se ( t body1 he     
conceiv$ a long+ to h a beautiful       
picture made 9 t place4 ,accord+ly he   
s5t = ,sp9ello1 rememb]+ h[ well he _h  
be5 s]v$ ^u o!r occasions1 & induc$ him 
to d ! picture = ! pr9cipal *apel4 ,"h  
,sp9ello produc$ a l>ge numb] ( figures 
9 temp]a1 bo? small & great1 on a gold  
gr\nd1 ) great judgm5t1 & aft]w>ds caus$
 x to be fram$ 9 an ornam5t 9           
half-relief by ,simone ,c9i ( ,flor5ce1 
:ile 9 "s p>ts he put an additional     
ornam5t ) /ucco ( a r firm glue1 :i*    
prov$ v successful4 ,x 0 gild$ all ov]  
by ,gabriello ,s>ac9i1 :o wrote at !    
bottom ! ?ree names3 ,simone ,c9i (     
,flor5ce did ! c>v+1 ,gabriello ,s>ac9i 
! gild+1 & ,sp9ello di ,luca ( ,arezzo !
 pa9t+1 9 ! ye> #ache4  ,on ! completion
 ( ?is "w1 ,sp9ello return$ to ,arezzo  
hav+ receiv$ num]\s fav\rs f ! g5]al &  

o!r monks1 besides 8 paym5t4 ,b he did n
 rema9 long !re = ! city 0 9 disord] ow+
 to ! feuds ( ! ,guelph & ,ghibell9e    
p>ties & 0 j !n sack$4 ,he remov$ ) 8   
family & 8 son ,p>ri1 :o 0 le>n+ pa9t+1 
to ,flor5ce1 :]e he _h a goodly numb] ( 
fri5ds & relations4 ,9 t city1 9 ord] to
 pass ! "t1 he pa9t$ an ,annunciation 9 
a tab]nacle outside ! gate at ,s4 ,pi]o 
,gattol9i on ! ,roman road1 :]e ! way   
bran*es to ,pozzolatico1 a "w :i* is n[ 
half de/roy$1 &  o!r pictures 9 ano!r   
tab]nacle1 :]e ! ru9 ( ,galluzzo is4    
,be+ aft]w>ds invit$ to ,pisa to f9i% 9 
! ,campo ,santo b5ea? ! life ( ,/       
,rani]i ! rema9d] ( o!r subjects 9 a    
blank space1 9 ord] to unite !m to !    
sc5es pa9t$ by ,giotto1 ,simone ( ,si5a1
 & ,antonio ( ,v5ice1 he !re execut$ 9  
fresco six /ories ( ,/ ,petitus & ,/    
,epirus4 ,! fir/ repres5ts ! sa9t z a "y
 man1 pres5t$ by 8 "m to ! ,emp]or      
,diocletian1 & appo9t$ g5]al ( ! armies 
:i* 7 to m>* aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,z he is
 rid+ ) 8 troop ,*ri/ appe>s to him1 &  

%[+ him a :ite cross comm&s ! y\? n to  
p]secute ,him4 ,ano!r sc5e repres5ts !  
angel ( ! ,"l giv+ to ! sa9t1 :ile he is
 rid+1 ! bann] ( ! ,fai?1 ) a :ite cross
 on a r$ field1 :i* has ev] aft]w>ds    
con/itut$ ! arms ( ! ,pisans1 because ,/
 ,epirus _h bes\ght ,god to give him a  
sign to we> aga9/ ! enemy4 ,next to ?is 
is ano!r sc5e ( a fi]ce battle engag$   
betwe5 ! sa9t & ! ,pagans1 _m arm$      
angels fight+ = ! victory ( ! =m]4 ,"h  
,sp9ello produc$ _m ?+s wor?y (         
consid]ation 9 t day :5 art _h n yet !  
ability nor any good me?od ( express+ ! 
ideas ( ! m9d 9 col\r 9 a lively mann]4 
,among _m o!r ?+s 9 ?is composition are 
two soldi]s1 :o h seiz$ ea* o!r by !    
be>d1 & are endeav\r+ to kill ea* o!r ) 
! nak$ rapi]s :i* !y hold 9 _! dis5gag$ 
h&s2 _! faces & all ! movem5t ( _! limbs
 %[ ! desire ( victory1 _! pr\d spirits 
be+ )\t fe> & ( ! highe/ c\rage4 ,also  
among ^? :o are fight+ on horseback !re 
is a f9ely execut$ knight :o is fa/5+ ! 
head ( an enemy to e>? ) 8 lance1 ! o!r 

hav+ fall5 backw>d f 8 t]rifi$ horse4   
,ano!r sc5e %[s ! sa9t pres5t$ to !     
,emp]or ,diocletian1 :o is que/ion+ him 
ab\t ! fai?1 & :o aft]w>ds consigns him 
to ! torture1 putt+ him 9 a furnace 9   
:i* he rema9s un9jur$1 :il/ ! s]vants :o
 are v ready on e side are burn$ 9 8    
/ead4 ,9 %ort1 all ! acts ( ! sa9t are  
%[n1 to 8 behead+1 aft] :i* 8 s\l is    
c>ri$ to ,heav54 ,! la/ sc5e %[s !      
transportation ( ! bones & relics ( ,/  
,petitus f ,alex&ria to ,pisa4 ,! :ole  
"w 9 its col\r+ & conception is ! f9e/1 
mo/ f9i%$1 & be/ execut$ ( ,sp9ello's   
pa9t+s1 & ?is is %[n by its pres5t      
excell5t /ate ( pres]vation1 = its fre% 
appe>ance excites ! wond] ( ev]yone :o  
sees x4 ,:5 ?is "w 9 ! ,campo ,santo 0  
complet$1 ,sp9ello pa9t$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 
,francesco1 9 ! second *apel f ! high   
alt>1 _m /ories ( ,/ ,b>?olomew1 ,/     
,&rew1 ,/ ,james1 & ,/ ,john ! apo/les1 
& he might p]haps h rema9$ long] at "w 9
 ,pisa1 because 8 pa9t+s 7 admir$ &     
rew>d$ !re1 b see+ ! city ?r[n into an  

upro> & turn$ upside d[n ?r\gh ! murd] (
 ,m4 ,pietro ,gambacorti by !           
,lanfran*9i1 :o 7 ,pisan citiz5s1 he    
once m remov$ to ,flor5ce ) all 8       
family1 = he 0 by ?is "t an old man4 ,he
 rema9$ !re = "o ye> only1 & 9 ! *apel (
 ! ,mac*iavelli 9 ,s4 ,croce1 d$icat$ to
 ,,ss4 ,philip & ,james1 he did _m      
/ories ( ! life & dea? ( ^? sa9ts4 ,!   
picture ( ! *apel he did at ,arezzo1 &  
s5t x on f !re 9 ! ye> #adjj1 = he 0    
anxi\s to return to 8 native place1 or1 
to speak m correctly1 to ! place :i* he 
look$ ^u z su*4 ,hav+ ?us return$ ?i!r  
at ! age ( sev5ty-sev5 or m1 he 0 lov+ly
 receiv$  by 8 relations & fri5ds1 &    
rema9$ !re1 mu* lov$ & hon\r$1 until !  
end ( 8 life1 :i* 0 9 ! n9ety-second ye>
 ( 8 age4 ,al?\gh at ! "t ( 8 return to 
,arezzo he 0 q an old man1 & _h en\gh   
prop]ty to enable him to live )\t work+1
 yet he c\ld n rema9 idle1 s9ce he _h   
always be5 accu/om$ to "w1 & und]took to
 d "s /ories ( ,/ ,mi*ael = ! company ( 
,s4 ,agnolo 9 t city4 ,^! are r\ghly    

drawn 9 r$ on ! pla/]$ wall1 z 0 ! mo/  
ord9>y me?od ( ! old arti/s1 & z an     
example he did a s+le sc5e 9 "o corn]1  
col\r+ x entirely1 :i* gave consid]able 
satisfaction4 ,hav+ aft]w>ds agre$ ^u ! 
price ) ! w>d5s1 he complet$ ! entire   
front ( ! high alt>1 repres5t+ ,lucif]  
e/abli%+ 8 seat 9 ! nor?1 & ! fall ( !  
angels :o *ange into devils z !y ra9 ^u 
! e>?4 ,9 ! air is ,/ ,mi*ael fight+ ) !
 s]p5t ( sev5 heads & t5 horns1 & 9 !   
middle ( ! l[] "p is ,lucif] already    
*ang$ into a hide\s mon/]4 ,x gave      
,sp9ello s mu* satisfaction to make him 
horrible & di/ort$ t x is said 7s great 
is ! p[] ( imag9ation7 t ! figure 9 !   
picture appe>$ to him 9 a dream1 & dem&$
 :5 ! arti/ _h se5 him s ugly1 ask+ :y  
he did him s great an indignity ) 8     
bru%4 ,sp9ello awoke f 8 dream spee*less
 f fe>1 & %ook s viol5tly t 8 wife ha/5$
 to assi/ him4 ,yet he ran consid]able  
risk ( dy+ sudd5ly1 ?r\gh ! failure ( ! 
he>t1 ow+ to ?is mis=tune1 & x caus$ 8  
dea? a %ort :ile aft]w>ds1 until :5 he  

liv$ 9 an utt]ly dispirit$ mann] ) wide 
op5 eyes4 ,he di$ greatly lam5t$ by 8   
fri5ds1 & left ! _w two sons--"o call$  
,=zore 0 a goldsmi?1 :o did "s admirable
 "w 9 niello 9 ,flor5ce2 !  o!r1 ,p>ri1 
:o foll[$ 8 fa!r & pursu$ ! art ( pa9t+1
 f> surpass+ ,sp9ello 9 design4 ,!      
,aret9es 7 mu* griev$ at ?is sad *ance1 
al?\gh ,sp9ello 0 old1 at be+ depriv$ ( 
ability & excell5ce su* z 84 ,he di$ at 
! age ( n9ety-two1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,s4      
,ago/9o at ,arezzo1 :]e !re is a /one ) 
a coat ( arms made aft] a fancy ( 8 own1
 conta9+ a h$gehog4 ,sp9ello 0 f> bett] 
able to design ?an to put 8 ?\ghts into 
practice1 z our book ( designs %[s1 :i* 
conta9s two ,evangeli/s & a ,/ ,l\is by 
8 h&1 all v f9e4 ,8 portrait giv5 above 
0 tak5 by me f "o :i* 0 9 ! old ,duomo  
be=e x 0 pull$ d[n4 ,8 pa9t+s 7 execut$ 
betwe5 ! ye>s #achj & #adjj4     ,gh]>do
 ,/am9a1 ,pa9t] ( ,flor5ce4   ,c]ta9ly  
^? :o travel f> f home to dwell 9 o!r   
p>ts v frequ5tly d s to ! advantage ( _!
 temp]am5t1 = by see+ div]s cu/oms      

abroad1 ev5 if !y be ( r an extraord9>y 
nature1 !y le>n to be reasonable1 k9d & 
pati5t ) consid]ably great] ease ?an !y 
w\ld h done _h !y rema9$ at home4 ,inde$
 ^? :o desire to ref9e m5 9 _! worldly  
conv]sation ne$ no o!r fire & no bett]  
cem5t ?an ?is1 because ^? :o are        
naturally r\gh become g5tle1 & ! g5tle  
become ev5 m graci\s4 ,gh]>do di ,jacopo
 ,/am9a1 pa9t] ( ,flor5ce1 ?\gh r ha/y  
?an good-natur$1 be+ v h>d & r\gh 9 8   
deal+s1 did m h>m by ?is to himself ?an 
to 8 fri5ds1 & x w\ld h be5 ev5 worse = 
him _h he n rema9$ a long "t 9 ,spa91   
:]e he le>n$ to be g5tle & c\rte\s1 = he
 !re became s *ang$ f 8 =m] nature t :5 
he return$ to ,flor5ce a v l>ge numb] ( 
^? :o _h mortally hat$ him be=e 8       
dep>ture1 receiv$ him ) v great         
fri5dl9ess & cont9u$ to *]i% a great    
affection = him1 s g5tle & c\rte\s _h he
 become4 ,gh]>do 0 born 9 ,flor5ce 9 !  
ye> #aced1 & z he grew up & 0 naturally 
b5t to ! art ( design+1 he 0 put )      
,antonio da ,v9ezia to le>n to design & 

to pa9t4 ,9 ! space ( _m ye>s he n only 
le>n$ ! art & practice ( col\rs1 b _h   
%[n 8 ability by "s ?+s produc$ 9 a good
 /yle2 accord+ly he left ,antonio &     
began to "w on 8 own acc\nt4 ,9 ! *apel 
( ! ,ca/ellani at ,s4 ,croce1 :i* 0 giv5
 to him to pa9t by ,mi*aele di ,vanno1  
an hon\r$ citiz5 ( t family1 he did 9   
fresco _m /ories ( ,/ ,an?ony ! abbot & 
( ,/ ,ni*olas ! bi%op1 9 su* a good /yle
 t !y attract$ ! att5tion ( c]ta9       
,spani>ds !n /ay+ 9 ,flor5ce on bus9ess1
 & ultimately l$ to 8 be+ invit$ to     
,spa9 to _! k+1 :o saw & receiv$ him v  
gladly1 !re be+ at t "t a great lack (  
good pa9t]s 9 t c\ntry4 ,nor 0 x a      
difficult matt] to induce ,gh]>do to    
leave 8 c\ntry1 = z he _h _h h>d words )
 "s m5 aft] ! affair ( ! ,ciompi & !    
appo9tm5t ( ,mi*ele di ,l&o z           
gonfaloni]e1 he 0 9 consid]able dang] ( 
8 life4 ,accord+ly he w5t to ,spa9 & did
 _m ?+s = ! k+ !re1 & became ri* &      
hon\r$ by ! great rew>ds :i* he e>n$ = 8
 lab\rs4 ,at l5g? becom+ desir\s ( %[+  

himself to 8 fri5ds 9 8 improv$ e/ate1  
he return$ home & 0 w>mly welcom$ &     
receiv$ 9 a v fri5dly mann] by all 8    
fell[-citiz5s4 ,x 0 n long be=e he 0    
employ$ to pa9t ! *apel ( ,/ ,j]ome 9 ! 
,c>m9e1 :]e he did _m /ories ( t sa9t1 &
 9 ! /ory ( ,paul1 ,eu/ace & ,j]ome he  
repres5t$ "s ( ! ,spani% habits ( ! day 
) v happy inv5tion & an abundance (     
fa%ions & ideas 9 ! attitudes ( !       
figures4 ,among o!r ?+s1 9 a sc5e :]e ,/
 ,j]ome is receiv+ 8 e>lie/ in/ruction1 
he repres5t$ a ma/] :o has caus$ "o boy 
to m\nt ^u ! back ( ano!r & /rikes him )
 ! :ip 9 su* a mann] t ! poor *ild is   
twi/+ 8 legs ) pa9 & appe>s to be cry+  
out & try+ to bite ! e> ( ! boy :o is   
hold+ him4 ,! :ole is execut$ ) mu*     
grace & lightness1 & ,gh]>do appe>s to h
 delight$ 9 ^! t\*es ( nature4 ,9 l     
mann]1 :5 ,/ ,j]ome1 be+ at ! po9t (    
dea?1 is mak+ 8 w1 he has hit (f "s     
fri>s 9 a delightful & reali/ic mann]1 =
 "s are writ+1 o!rs li/5+ att5tively &  
look+ ab\t1 obs]v+ all ! words ( _! ma/]

 ) great e>ne/ness4 ,?is "w won ,/am9a  
mu* fame & a high rank among arti/s1 & 8
 c\rte\s & mild mann]s gave him a great 
reputation1 s t 8 "n 0 fam\s ?r\gh\t    
,tuscany & inde$ 9 all ,italy4 ,be+ at  
?is "t invit$ to ,pisa to pa9t !        
*apt]-h\se ( ,s4 ,niccola 9 t city1 he  
s5t 9 8 place ,antonio ,vite ( ,pi/oia1 
because he did n wi% to leave ,flor5ce4 
,antonio1 :o _h le>n$ ,/am9a's /yle "u  
him1 did ! ,passion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ !re1 
complet+ x 9 its pres5t =m 9 ! ye>      
#adjc1 to ! great delight ( ! ,pisans4  
,aft]w>ds1 x is said1 he f9i%$ ! *apel (
 ! ,pugliesi2 & z ! works :i* he did !re
 at ,s4 ,girolamo greatly pleas$ !      
,flor5t9es1 because he _h express$ 9 a  
lively mann] _m ge/ures & attitudes :i* 
_h n be5 attempt$ by any pa9t]s be=e 8  
"t1 ! ,commune ( ,flor5ce 9 ! ye> t     
,gabriel ,m>ia1 "l ( ,pisa1 sold t city 
to ! ,flor5t9es =  #bjj1jjj scudi 7aft] 
,giovanni ,gambacorta _h /ood a siege ( 
?irte5 mon?s1 al?\gh ev5 he at l5g?     
agre$ to ! sale71 employ$ ,/am9a to pa9t

 on a wall ( ! ,palazzo di p>te ,guelfa1
 ,/ ,d5is ! bi%op1 ) two angels1 & bel[ 
x an accurate repres5tation ( ! city (  
,pisa4 ,9 ! execution ( ?is he display$ 
su* dilig5ce 9 e detail1 especially 9 ! 
col\r+ 9 fresco1 t not)/&+ ! action (   
air & wat] & a nor!rn aspect1 ! picture 
has always rema9$ 9 excell5t condition1 
& ev5 n[ x has all ! appe>ance ( hav+   
be5 newly pa9t$1 an a*ievem5t wor?y (   
high praise4 ,gh]>do hav+ by ?is & o!r  
works acquir$ a great reputation & mu*  
r5[n bo? at home & abroad1 dea?1 !      
envi\s enemy ( virtu\s de$s1 cut (f at !
 height ( 8 p[]s ! great promise ( mu*  
bett] ?+s ?an ! _w _h yet se5 f him2 &  
hav+ come to 8 end unexpect$ly 9 !      
=ty-n9? ye> ( 8 age1 he 0 buri$ ) mu*   
pomp 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,jacopo sopra ,arno4
  ,! pupils ( ,gh]>do 7 ,masol9o da     
,panicale1 :o 0 at fir/ an excell5t     
goldsmi? & !n a pa9t]1 & "s o!rs :om x  
is n necess>y to m5tion1 z !y did n     
possess any rem>kable tal5t4  ,!        
portrait ( ,gh]>do occurs 9 ! /ory ( ,/ 

,j]ome1 m5tion$ above2 he is "o ( !     
figures :o are /&+ ab\t ! dy+ sa9t1     
repres5t$ 9 pr(ile ) a hood ab\t 8 head 
& a mantle button$ ab\t him4 ,9 our book
 are "s designs ( ,gh]>do done ) ! p5 on
 p>*m5t1 :i* are ( consid]able          
excell5ce4     ,lippo1 ,pa9t] (         
,flor5ce4   ,inv5tion has be51 & always 
w be consid]$ ! true "m ( ar*itecture1  
pa9t+ & poetry1 z well z ( all ! sup]ior
 arts & ( all ! m>vels produc$ by man4  
,by its aid arti/s develop _! ideas1    
caprices & fancies1 & are able to       
display m v>iety1 = all ^? :o "w at ^!  
hon\rable pr(essions always seek aft] a 
laudable div]sity1 & possess ! p[] (    
delicate flatt]y & ( tactful criticism4 
,lippo1 !n1 pa9t] ( ,flor5ce1 :o 0 z    
v>i$ & *oice 9 8 inv5tions z 8 works 7  
really un=tunate & 8 life %ort1 0 born  
at ,flor5ce ab\t ! ye> ( grace #aced2 & 
al?\gh he took up ! art ( pa9t+ some:at 
late1 :5 he 0 already a man1 yet he 0 s 
f> assi/$ by natural incl9ation & by 8  
f9e tal5ts t he soon di/+ui%$ himself   

brilliantly4 ,he fir/ pa9t$ 9 ,flor5ce &
 9 ,s4 ,b5$etto1 a l>ge & f9e mona/]y   
outside ! gate ( ! ,p9ti belong+ to !   
,camaldol9e ord]1 n[ de/roy$2 he did a  
numb] a figures :i* 7 consid]$ v        
beautiful1 p>ticul>ly ! :ole ( a *apel1 
:i* af=ds an example ( h[ close /udy    
quickly leads to great p]=mances 9      
anyone :o hone/ly takes pa9s ) ! desire 
= fame4 ,be+ invit$ to ,arezzo f        
,flor5ce1 he did = ! *apel ( ! ,magi 9 !
 *ur* ( ,s4 ,antonio a l>ge sc5e 9      
fresco 9 :i* !y are ador+ ,*ri/2 & 9 !  
,vescovado he did ! *apel ( ,/ ,james & 
,/ ,*ri/oph] = ! family ( ! ,ub]t9i4    
,all ^! ?+s 7 v f9e1 = ! inv5tion       
display$ 9 ! composition ( sc5es & 9 !  
col\r+4 ,he 0 ! fir/ :o began1 z x 71 to
 play ) 8 figures1 & to awak5 ! m9ds (  
^? :o came aft] him1 a ?+ :i* _h nev]   
be5 done be=e1 only attempt$4 ,aft] he  
_h done _m ?+s 9 ,bologna & a m]itori\s 
picture at ,pi/oia1 he return$ to       
,flor5ce1 :]e he pa9t$ ! *apel ( !      
,beccuti 9 ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore 9 ! ye>  

#achc ) sc5es f ! life ( ,/ ,john !     
evangeli/4 ,foll[+ on f ?is *apel1 :i*  
is beside ! pr9cipal "o1 on ! left h&1  
six sc5es f ! life ( ?is sa9t are       
repres5t$ along ! wall1 by ! same h&4   
,_! composition is excell5t & !y are    
well arrang$1 "o sc5e 9 p>ticul> be+ v  
vivid1 namely1 t 9 :i* ,/ ,john causes  
,/ ,dionisius ! ,areopagite to put 8 ve/
 on "s dead m51 :o come to life aga9 9 !
 "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 to ! great wond]m5t 
( "s :o are pres5t :o c h>dly believe _!
 own eyes4 ,! =e%ort5+ ( "s ( ! dead    
figures %[s great art & proves t ,lippo 
0 consci\s ( "s ( ! difficulties ( 8    
pr(ession & endeav\r$ to "s ext5t to    
ov]come !m4 ,x 0 ,lippo also :o pa9t$ ! 
w+s ( ! tab]nacle ( ! *ur* ( ,s4        
,giovanni1 :]e are ,&rea's angels & 8 ,/
 ,john1 9 relief1 do+ "s /ories ( ,/    
,john ! ,bapti/ 9 temp]a1 ) great       
dilig5ce4 ,be+ v fond ( work+ 9 mosaic1 
he did "s 9 t *ur* ov] ! door lead+     
t[>ds ! ,mis]icordia1 betwe5 ! w9d[s1   
:i* 0 consid]$ v beautiful & ! be/ "w 9 

mosaic produc$ 9 t place ) !m4 ,9 ! same
 *ur* he fur!r repair$ "s mosaics :i* _h
 be5 damag$4 ,outside ,flor5ce1 9 ,s4   
,giovanni fra l',arcora1 )\t ! gate     
lead+ to ,fa5za1 he pa9t$ a numb] (     
figures 9 fresco beside ,buffalmacco's  
,crucifixion1 :i* 0 consid]$ v beautiful
 by all :o saw !m4 ,9 c]ta9 small       
hospitals ne> ! ,fnza gate & 9 ,s4      
,antonio inside t gate ne> ! hospital1  
he did "s poor m51 9 fresco1 9 "s v>i$  
/yles & attitudes1 v beautifully        
execut$1 & 9 ! cloi/] )9 he made1 )     
beautiful & new inv5tion1 ! vision ( ,/ 
,an?ony ( ! deceits ( ! _w1 & next to t 
! desires & appetites ( m51 :o are drawn
 hi!r & ?i!r to div]s ?+s ( ?is _w1 !   
:ole ( ! "w be+ execut$ ) mu*           
consid]ation & judgm5t4 ,lippo also did 
mosaic "w 9 _m places ( ,italy1 & 9 !   
,guelph qu>t] at ,flor5ce he made a     
figure ) a glass head1 :ile ,pisa       
conta9s a numb] ( 8 productions4 ,yet 9 
spite ( all ?is he mu/ be consid]$ a    
really un=tunate man1 s9ce at ! pres5t  

"t ! great] "p ( 8 works h disappe>$1   
hav+ be5 de/roy$ 9 ! siege ( ,flor5ce1 &
 also because 8 c>e] 0 t]m9at$ 9 a v    
tragic mann]2 = be+ a qu>relsome man &  
lik+ turmoil belt] ?an quiet1 he happ5$ 
"o morn+ to say "s v insult+ words to an
 oppon5t at ! tribunal ( ! ,m]canzia1 & 
t ev5+ z he 0 return+ home1 he 0 dogg$  
by ?is man & /abb$ 9 ! brea/ ) a knife1 
s t 9 a few days he p]i%$ mis]ably4 ,8  
pa9t+s 7 produc$ ab\t #adaj4 ,!re       
fl\ri%$ at ,bologna 9 ,lippo's "t ano!r 
pa9t] ^: "n 0 also ,lippo ,dalmasi1 :o 0
 a wor?y man1 & among o!r ?+s he pa9t$ a
 ,madonna 9 ! ye> #adjg1 :i* may /ill be
 se5 9 ,s4 ,petronio at ,bologna & :i*  
is held 9 great v5]ation4 ,he also pa9t$
 9 fresco ! tympanum above ! door ( ,s4 
,procolo1 & 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco 9 
! tribune ( ! high alt>1 he made a l>ge 
,*ri/1 half l5g?1 & a ,/ ,pet] & a ,/   
,paul1 9 a v graceful /yle4 ,"u ^! works
 may be se5 8 "n writt5 9 l>ge lett]s4  
,he also design$ v fairly1 z may be se5 
9 our book1 & he aft]w>ds taught ! art  

to ,m4 ,galante da ,bologna1 :o aft]w>ds
 design$ mu* bett] ?an he1 z may be se5 
9 ! same book 9 a portrait ( a figure   
dress$ 9 a %ort coat ) wide op5 sleeves4
     ,don ,lor5zo1 ,monk ( ! ,angeli (  
,flor5ce1 ,pa9t]4   ,i believe t x is a 
great joy to a good & religi\s p]son to 
f9d "s hon\rable employm5t = _! h&s :e!r
 x be lett]s1 music1 pa9t+ or o!r lib]al
 & me*anical arts :i* involve no reproa*
 b are on ! contr>y useful & helpful to 
o!r m51 = aft] ! div9e (fices ! "t may  
be pass$ ) ! pleasure tak5 9 ! easy     
lab\rs ( peaceful ex]cises4 ,to ^!      
advantages we may add t n only is su* a 
monk e/eem$ & valu$ by o!rs dur+ 8      
life-"t1 except by su* z are envi\s &   
malignant1 b he is hon\r$ by all m5 aft]
 8 dea?1 = 8 works & ! good "n :i* he   
has left beh9d him4 ,inde$ :oev] sp5ds 8
 "t 9 ?is mann]1 lives 9 quiet          
contemplation )\t any dang] f ^?        
ambiti\s /irr+s :i* are almo/ always to 
be se5 among ! idle & slo?ful1 :o are   
usually ignorant1 to _! %ame & hurt4 ,if

 x %\ld happ5 t a man ( ability act+ ?us
 is sl&]$ by ! malici\s1 ! p[] ( virtue 
is su* t "t w ree/abli% 8 reputation &  
bury ! malignity ( ! evil dispos$1 :ile 
! man ( ability w rema9 di/+ui%$ &      
illu/ri\s 9 ! c5turies :i* succe$4 ,?us 
,don ,lor5zo1 pa9t] ( ,flor5ce1 be+ a   
monk ( ! ord] ( ! ,camaldol9es 9 !      
mona/]y ( ! ,angeli 7f\nd$ 9 #abid by   
,fra ,giuttone ( ,arezzo ( ! ord] ( !   
,virg9 ,"m ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 or ( !       
,rejoic+ fri>s z ! monks ( t ord] 7     
commonly call$71 devot$ s mu* "t 9 8    
e>ly ye>s to design & to pa9t+1 t he 0  
aft]w>ds  des]v$ly numb]$ among ! be/ m5
 ( 8 age 9 t pr(ession4 ,! fir/ works ( 
?is pa9t] monk1 :o adopt$ ! /yle (      
,taddeo ,gaddi & 8 s*ool1 7 9 ! mona/]y 
( ! ,angeli1 :]e besides _m ( ! ?+s he  
pa9t$ ! high alt> picture1 :i* may /ill 
be se5 9 _! *ur*4 ,:5 complet$ x 0 plac$
 !re 9 ! ye> #adac z may be se5 by !    
lett]s writt5 at ! bottom ( ! frame4 ,he
 also pa9t$ a picture = ! mona/]y ( ,s4 
,b5$etto ( ! same ord] ( ! ,camaldoli1  

outside ! ,p9ti gate1 de/roy$ at ! siege
 ( ,flor5ce 9 #aebi4 ,x repres5t$ !     
,coronation ( ,our ,lady & resembl$ ! "o
 he _h previ\sly done = ! *ur* ( !      
,angeli4 ,x is n[ 9 ! fir/ cloi/] ( !   
mona/]y ( ! ,angeli1 on ! "r h& side 9 !
 *apel ( ! ,alb]ti4 ,at ! same "t1 &    
possibly be=e1 he pa9t$ 9 fresco ! *apel
 & alt> picture ( ! ,ard+helli 9 ,s4    
,tr9ita1 ,flor5ce1 :i* 0 !n mu* admir$1 
& into ?is he introduc$ portraits (     
,dante & ,petr>*4 ,9 ,s4 ,pi]o ,maggiore
 he pa9t$ ! *apel ( ! ,fioravanti & 9 a 
*apel ( ,s4 ,pi]o ,s*]aggio he did !    
alt> picture1 :ile 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4       
,tr9ita he fur!r pa9t$ ! *apel ( !      
,b>tol9i4 ,9 ,s4 ,jacopo sopra ,arno a  
picture by 8 h& may /ill be se51 execut$
 ) inf9ite dilig5ce1 aft] ! mann] ( !   
"t4 ,also 9 ! ,c]tosa outside ,flor5ce  
he pa9t$ "s ?+s ) consid]able skill1 & 9
 ,s4 ,mi*ele at ,pisa1 a mona/]y ( 8 own
 ord]1 he did "s v fair pictures4 ,9    
,flor5ce1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,romiti          
7,h]mits71 :i* also belong$ to !        

,camaldol9es1 & :i* is n[ 9 ru9s z well 
z ! mona/]y1 leav+ no?+ b its "n        
,camaldoli to t "p beyond ! ,arno1 he   
did a crucifix on a panel1 besides _m   
o!r ?+s1 & a ,/ ,john1 :i* 7 consid]$ v 
beautiful4 ,at la/ he fell sick ( a     
cruel abscess1 & aft] l+]+ = _m mon?s he
 di$ at ! age ( fifty-five1 & 0         
hon\rably buri$ by ! monks 9 !          
*apt]-h\se ( _! mona/]y z 8 virtues     
dem&$4  ,exp]i5ce %[s t 9 ! c\rse ( "t  
_m %oots frequ5tly spr+ f a s+le g]m ow+
 to ! dilig5ce & ability ( m51 & s x 0 9
 ! mona/]y ( ! ,angeli1 :]e ! monks _h  
always paid consid]able att5tion to     
pa9t+ & design4 ,don ,lor5zo 0 n ! only 
excell5t arti/ among !m1 b m5 di/+ui%$ 9
 design fl\ri%$ !re = a long "t bo? be=e
 & aft] him4 ,?us ,i _c possibly pass   
ov] 9 sil5ce "o ,don ,jacopo ( ,flor5ce1
 :o fl\ri%$ a long "t be=e ,d4 ,lor5zo1 
because z he 0 ! be/ & mo/ me?odical (  
monks1 s he 0 ! be/ writ] ( l>ge lett]s 
:o has ev] exi/$ be=e or s9ce1 n only 9 
,tuscany b 9 all ,europe1 z is cle>ly   

te/ifi$ n only by ! tw5ty l>ge *oir     
books :i* he left 9 8 mona/]y1 ! writ+ 9
 :i* is mo/ beautiful1 ! books !mselves 
be+ p]haps ! l>ge/ 9 ,italy1 b an       
endless numb] ( o!r books :i* may /ill  
be f\nd 9 ,rome & 9 ,v5ice & _m o!r     
places1 notably 9 ,s4 ,mi*ele & ,s4     
,mania at ,murano1 a mona/]y ( !        
,camaldol9e ord]4 ,by ^! works ! good   
fa!r has ri*ly des]v$ ! hon\rs accord$  
to him _m ye>s aft] he _h pass$ to a    
bett] life1 8 celebration 9 _m ,lat9    
v]ses by ,d4 ,paolo ,orl&9i1 a v le>n$  
monk ( ! same mona/]y1 z well z !       
pres]vation ( ! "r h& :i* wrote ! books1
 ) great v5]ation 9 a tab]nacle1 toge!r 
) t ( ano!r monk1 ,d4 ,silve/ro1 :o     
illum9at$ ! same books ) no less        
excell5ce1 :5 ! conditions ( ! "t are   
tak5 into consid]ation1 ?an ,d4 ,jacopo 
_h writt5 !m4 ,i1 :o h se5 !m _m times1 
am lo/ 9 a/oni%m5t t !y %\ld h be5      
execut$ ) su* good design & ) s mu*     
dilig5ce at t "t1 :5 all ! arts ( design
 7 little bett] ?an lo/1 s9ce ! works ( 

^! monks 7 execut$ ab\t ! ye> ( grace   
#acej1 or a little be=e or aft]1 z may  
be se5 9 ea* ( ! said books4 ,x is      
report$1 & "s old m5 relate t :5 ,pope  
,leo ,x4 came to ,flor5ce he wi%$ to see
 & closely exam9e ^! books1 s9ce he     
rememb]$ hav+ he>d !m highly prais$ by !
 ,magnific5t ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 8 fa!r2
 & t aft] he _h att5tively look$ ?r\gh  
!m & admir$ !m z !y 7 all ly+ op5 on !  
*oir-desks1 he  said1 ,if !y 7 9        
accordance ) ! rules ( ! ,roman ,*ur* & 
n ( ! ,camaldol9es1 ,i %\ld l "s        
specim5s = ,s4 ,pet]'s at ,rome1 = :i*  
,i w\ld pay ! monks a j price4 ,!re 71 &
 p]haps /ill are1 two v f9e ones at ,s4 
,pet]'s by ! same monks4 ,9 ! same      
mona/]y ( ! ,angeli is a quantity ( v   
anci5t embroid]y1 done 9 a v f9e /yle1 )
 excell5t designs by ! fa!rs ( ! h\se   
:ile !y 7 9 p]petual seclusion1 ) !     
title n ( monks b ( h]mits1 & :o nev]   
came out ( ! mona/]y z ! nuns & monks d 
9 our day4 ,?is practice ( seclusion    
la/$ until #adgj4 ,b to return to ,d4   

,lor5zo4 ,he taught ,francesco          
,fior5t9o1 :o1 aft] 8 dea?1 did !       
tab]nacle :i* is on ! side ( ,s4 ,m>ia  
,novella at ! head ( ! via della ,scala 
lead+ to ! ,pope's *amb]4 ,he also _h   
ano!r pupil1 a ,pisan1 :o pa9t$ 9 !     
*apel ( ,rutilio di ,s] ,baccio         
,maggiol9i1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco at
 ,pisa1 ,our ,lady1 a ,/ ,pet]1 ,/ ,john
 ! ,bapti/1 ,/ ,francis & ,/ ,rani]i1 ) 
?ree sc5es ( small figures 9 ! pr$ella (
 ! alt>4 ,?is pa9t+1 execut$ 9 #acae1 0 
consid]$ m]itori\s = a "w done 9 temp]a4
 ,9 our book ( designs ,i h ! !ological 
virtues done by ,d4 ,lor5zo's h& 9      
*i>oscuro1 ) good design & a beautiful &
 graceful /yle1 s t !y are p]haps bett] 
?an ! designs ( any o!r ma/] ( ! "t4    
,antonio ,vite ( ,pi/oia 0 a m]itori\s  
pa9t] 9 ,lor5zo's "t1 & is said to h    
pa9t$1 among _m o!r ?+s describ$ 9 !    
life ( ,/am9a1 9 ! palace ( ! ,geppo (  
,prato1 ! life ( ,francesco di ,m>co1 :o
 0 ! f\nd] ( t pi\s place4     ,taddeo  
,b>toli1 ,pa9t] ( ,si5a4   ,^? arti/s :o

 put !mselves to a great deal ( pa9s 9  
pa9t+ 9 ord] to w9 fame1 des]ve a bett] 
fate ?an ! plac+ ( _! works 9 obscure  &
 unhon\r$  places :]e !y may be blam$   
by p]sons ^: k ( ! subject is n         
consid]able4 ,_! productions ought to be
 s prom95tly plac$ ) pl5ty ( light & air
 t !y may be prop]ly se5 & exam9$ by e  
"o4 ,?is is ! case ( ! public "w (      
,taddeo ,b>toli1 pa9t] ( ,si5a = ! *apel
 ( ! palace ( ! ,signoria at ,si5a4     
,taddeo 0 ! son ( ,b>toli son ( ! ma/]  
,fr$i1 :o 0 a m$iocre pa9t] 9 8 day1 &  
pa9t$ sc5es f ! ,old ,te/am5t on a wall 
( ! ,pieve ( ,s4 ,gimignano1 on ! left  
h& side on ent]+4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is "w1 
:i* if ! tru? mu/ be told 0 n v good1 ! 
foll[+ inscription may /ill be read3    
,ann3 ,dom #acef ,b>tolus magi/ri ,fr$i 
de ,s5is me p9xit4 ,b>toli mu/ h be5 "y 
at ! "t1 = !re is a picture ( 8 ( ! ye> 
#achh1 9 ,s4 ,ago/9o ( ! same di/rict1  
on ! left h& side on ent]+ ! pr9cipal   
door4 ,! subject is ! ,circumcision (   
our ,"l ) c]ta9 sa9ts1 & x is 9 a f>    

bett] /yle bo? z reg>ds design & col\r+1
 "s ( ! heads be+ really f9e al?\gh !   
feet ( ! figures are 9 ! anci5t /yle4 ,9
 fact _m o!r works ( ,b>toli may be se5 
ab\t t di/rict4 ,b to return to ,taddeo1
 z ! be/ ma/] ( ! "t1 he receiv$ a      
commission1 z ,i h said1 to pa9t ! *apel
 ( ! palace ( ! ,signoria = 8 native    
place1 & he execut$ x ) su* dilig5ce1 ) 
consid]ation = s hon\r$ a place1 & he 0 
s ri*ly rew>d$ by ! ,signoria1 t he     
greatly increas$ 8 glory & r5[n4 ,?us n 
only did he aft]w>ds make _m pictures = 
8 native l&1 to 8 great hon\r & b5efit1 
b he 0 invit$ & ask$ ( ! ,signoria (    
,si5a z a great fav\r by ,francesco da  
,c>r>a1 "l ( ,padua1 to g !re1 z he did1
 & d "s ?+s 9 t mo/ noble city4 ,he did 
"s pictures & o!r ?+s !re1 notably 9 !  
,ar5a & 9 ! ,santo ) great c>e1 to 8 own
 great hon\r & to ! inf9ite satisfaction
 ( ! said "l & ( ! :ole city4 ,return+  
subsequ5tly to ,tuscany he did a picture
 9 temp]a 9 ,s4 ,gimignano1 :i* is      
some?+ 9 ! /yle ( ,ugol9o ( ,si5a & is  

n[ beh9d ! high alt> ( ! ,pieve fac+ !  
*oir ( ! prie/s4 ,he next w5t to ,si5a1 
b did n rema9 long !re z he 0 summon$ to
 ,pisa by "o ( ! ,lanfran*i1 a w>d5 ( ! 
,duomo4 ,hav+ proce$$ ?i!r he did = !   
*apel ( ! ,nunziata ! sc5e :]e !        
,madonna is asc5d+ ! /eps ( ! temple1   
:]e ! prie/ 9 8 pontificals is await+   
h]1 a highly f9i%$ "w4 ,! face ( ! prie/
 is ! portrait ( ! man :o _h invit$ him1
 :ile 8 own is h>d by4 ,on ! completion 
( ?is "w1 ! same patron induc$ him to   
pa9t ov] ! *apel 9 ! ,campo ,santo1 !   
,coronation ( ,our ,lady by ,jesus      
,*ri/1 ) _m angels1 9 mo/ beautiful     
attitudes & v f9ely col\r$4 ,= ! *apel (
 ! sacri/y ( ,/ ,francesco at ,pisa1    
,taddeo also pa9t$ a picture 9 temp]a ( 
! ,madonna & "s sa9ts1 sign+ 8 "n to x &
 ! ye> #acid4 ,ab\t ! same "t he did "s 
pictures 9 temp]a at ,volt]ra1 & ano!r  
picture at ,monte ,oliveto1 :ile on !   
wall he did an ,inf]no1 foll[+ !        
arrangem5t ( ,dante z reg>ds ! division 
( ! damn$ & ! nature ( _! puni%m5t1 b z 

reg>ds ! site he ei!r c\ld n or w\ld n  
imitate him1 or p]haps he lack$ !       
necess>y k4 ,he also s5t to ,arezzo a   
picture :i* is 9 ,s4 ,ago/9o conta9+ a  
portrait ( ,pope ,gregory ,,ix41 ! "o :o
 return$ to ,italy aft] ! papal c\rt _h 
be5 s _m decades 9 ,france4 ,aft] ^! ?+s
 he return$ to ,si5a1 b did n make a    
long /ay !re z he 0 invit$ to ,p]ugia to
 "w 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico4 ,"h he     
pa9t$ ! :ole ( ! life ( ,/ ,ca!r9e 9 !  
*apel d$icat$ to t sa9t1 & did "s       
figures 9 ,s4 ,francesco beside !       
sacri/y door1 :i* may /ill be disc]n$   
to-day1 & are recognisable z be+ by     
,taddeo1 because he always reta9$ ! same
 mann]4 ,%ortly aft]1 9 ! ye> #acih1    
,biroldo1 "l ( ,p]ugia1 0 assass9at$4   
,taddeo accord+ly return$ to ,si5a1 :]e 
he devot$ con/ant "w & /eady application
 to ! /udy ( art1 9 ord] to make himself
 a wor?y pa9t]4 ,x may be affirm$ t if  
he did n p]haps atta9 8 purpose1 x 0 n  
on acc\nt ( any defect or neglig5ce on 8
 "p1 b solely because ( an ob/ructive   

malady :i* prev5t$ him f ev] realis+ 8  
desire4 ,taddeo di$ at ! age (          
fifty-n9e1 aft] hav+ taught ! art to a  
nephew ( 8 call$ ,dom5ico4 ,8 pa9t+s 7  
done ab\t ! ye> ( grace #adaj4 ,?us1 z  
,i h said1 he left ,dom5ico ,b>toli1 8  
nephew & pupil1 :o devot$ himself to !  
art ( pa9t+1 & pa9t$ ) sup]ior skill4 ,9
 ! subjects :i* he repres5t$ he exhibit$
 mu* m weal? & v>iety 9 v>i\s matt]s ?an
 8 uncle _h done4 ,9 ! hall ( ! pilgrims
 ( ! great hospital ( ,si5a !re are two 
l>ge sc5es 9 fresco by ,dom5ico1 :i*    
conta9 prospectives & o!r ornam5ts1     
compos$ ) consid]able +5uity4 ,x is said
 t ,dom5ico 0 mode/ & g5tle & ( a       
s+ul>ly amiable & lib]al c\rtesy1 :i*   
did no less hon\r to 8 "n ?an ! art (   
pa9t+ itself4 ,8 works 7 execut$ ab\t ! 
ye> ( our ,"l #adcf1 & ! la/ 7 9 ,s4    
,tr9ita at ,flor5ce1 a picture ( !      
,annunciation & ! high alt> picture 9 ! 
*ur* ( ! ,c>m9e4  ,alv>o di ,pi]o (     
,portugal fl\ri%$ at ! same "t1 & adopt$
 a v simil> /yle1 b made 8 col\r+ m cle>

 & 8 figures %ort]4 ,9 ,volt]ra he did  
sev]al pictures1 & !re is "o 9 ,s4      
,antonio at ,pisa & o!rs 9 v>i\s places1
 b z !y are ( no great excell5ce x is n 
necess>y to m5tion !m4 ,9 our book !re  
is a %eet ( draw+s by ,taddeo1 conta9+ a
 ,*ri/ & two angels1 etc41 v skilfully  
execut$4     ,lor5zo di ,bicci1 ,pa9t] (
 ,flor5ce4   ,:5 ^? :o excel 9 any      
hon\rable employm5t1 no matt] :at1 unite
 ) _! skill z craftsm51 a g5tl5ess (    
mann]s & ( good bre$+1 & especially     
c\rtesy1 s]v+ ^? :o employ !m ) spe$ &  
goodwill1 !re is no d\bt t !y are pursu+
 to _! great hon\r & advantage almo/    
ev]y?+ :i* c be desir$ 9 ?is _w4 ,?is 0 
! case ) ,lor5zo di ,bicci1 pa9t] (     
,flor5ce1 born 9 ,flor5ce 9 ! ye> #adjj1
 at ! v mom5t :5 ,italy 0 beg9n+ to be  
di/urb$ by ! w>s :i* end$ s badly = h]1 
0 9 v good cr$it f 8 e>lie/ ye>s2 = "u 8
 fa!r's discipl9e he le>n$ good mann]s1 
& f ,sp9ello's in/ruction he acquir$ !  
art ( pa9t+1 s t he _h a reputation n   
only ( be+ an excell5t pa9t]1 b ( be+ a 

mo/ c\rte\s & able man4 ,:ile he 0 /ill 
a y\?1 ,lor5zo did "s works 9 fresco at 
,flor5ce & outside to ga9 facility1 &   
,giovanni di ,bicci de' ,m$ici1 hav+    
rem>k$ ! excell5ce ( 8 /yle1 employ$ him
 to pa9t 9 ! hall ( ! old h\se ( !      
,m$ici1 :i* aft]w>ds 0 left to ,lor5zo1 
natural bro!r ( ,cosmo ! ,anci5t1 aft] !
 great palace 0 built1 all ^? fam\s m5  
:o may /ill be se5 9 a fairly good /ate 
( pres]vation4 ,?is "w be+ complet$1    
,lor5zo di ,bicci 0 anxi\s1 l ! doctors 
:o exp]im5t 9 _! art on ! sk9s ( poor   
ru/ics1 to h practice 9 ! art ( pa9t+ 9 
a place :]e ?+s are n s closely         
criticis$1 & = "s "t he accept$ ev]y?+  
:i* pres5t$ itself2 h5ce1 outside ! gate
 ( ,s4 ,friano at ! ponte a ,sc&icci1 he
 pa9t$ a tab]nacle1 z x may n[ be se51 &
 at ,c]baia "u a portico he pa9t$ v     
agreeably a ,madonna & _m sa9ts on a    
wall4 ,aft]w>ds a *apel 9 ,s4 ,m>co at  
,flor5ce 0 allott$ to him by ! family ( 
! ,m>t9i1 & on ! walls he pa9t$ 9 fresco
 a numb] ( sc5es f ! life ( ,our ,lady1 

& on ! alt> picture ! ,virg9 h]self 9 ! 
mid/ ( _m sa9ts4 ,9 ! same *ur* ov] !   
*apel ( ,/ ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ( !      
family ( ! ,l&i1 he pa9t$ 9 fresco !    
angel ,raphael & ,tobias4 ,9 ! ye> #adah
 = ,ricci>do di ,m4 ,niccolo ,sp9ello1  
on ! piazza front ( !  conv5t ( ,s4     
,croce he pa9t$ a l>ge sc5e 9 fresco (  
,/ ,?omas exam9+ ! w\nds ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 
9 ! pres5ce ( all ! o!r apo/les :o are  
kneel+ rev]5tly at ! sight4 ,next to ?is
 sc5e & also 9 fresco he did a ,/       
,*ri/oph]1 twelve & a half braccia high1
 :i* is a r>e ?+1 because ) ! exception 
( ! ,/ ,*ri/oph] ( ,buffalmacco1 a l>g] 
figure _h nev] be5 se51 & al?\gh ! /yle 
is n good x is ! mo/ m]itori\s & be/    
proportion$ repres5tation ( ! sa9t4     
,besides ?is ! pictures 7 execut$ ) su* 
skill t al?\gh !y h be5 expos$ to ! air 
= _m ye>s1 & be+ turn$ to ! nor?1 !y h  
suff]$ ! viol5ce ( ra9 & /orm1 yet !y h 
nev] lo/ ! brilliancy ( _! col\r+ & are 
9 no wise injur$ by ^! accid5ts4 ,lor5zo
 also made a crucifix ) _m figures      

inside ! door :i* is 9 ! middle ( ^!    
figures1 call$ ! door ( ! knock]1 at !  
reque/ ( ! same ,ricci>do & ( ! sup]ior 
( ! conv5t1 & on ! encircl+ wall he did 
! confirmation ( ! rule ( ,/ ,francis by
 ,pope ,honorius1 & !n ! m>tyrdom ( "s  
fri>s ( t ord]1 :o are go+ to prea* !   
fai? to ! ,s>ac5s4 ,9 ! ar*es & on !    
vault+ he did "s k+s ( ,france1 fri>s & 
foll[]s ( ,/ ,francis1 draw+ !m f life1 
z well z _m le>n$ m5 ( ! ord]1 di/+ui%$ 
by _! sev]al dignities ( bi%op1 c>d9al &
 pope4 ,among ^! are ! portraits f life 
( ,popes ,ni*olas ,,iv4 & ,alex&] ,v41 9
 m$allions4 ,= all ^! figures ,lor5zo   
made ! grey habits1 b ) v>iety ow+ to 8 
skill 9 workman%ip1 s t !y all diff] f  
"o ano!r1 "s incl9+ t[>ds r$1 o!rs to   
blue1 "s be+ d>k & o!rs m light1 s t all
 are v>i$ & wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,:at  
is m1 x is said t he produc$ ^! works ) 
su* facility & spe$ t :5 ! sup]ior1 :o  
paid 8 exp5ses 9 design+1 call$ him "o  
day1 :5 he _h j made ! col\r = a figure 
& 0 beg9n+ x1 he answ]$1 ,make ! s\p &  

,i w come :5 ,i h f9i%$ ?is figure4     
,accord+ly x is said ) a great %[ (     
reason t no "o ev] exhibit$ su*         
quickness ( ! h&s1 su* skill 9 col\r+1  
or 0 s resolute z he4 ,by 8 h& also is !
 tab]nacle 9 fresco :i* is beside !     
nunn]y ( ,foligno & ! ,madonna & sa9ts  
ov] ! door ( ! *ur* ( t nunn]y1 among !m
 be+ a ,/ ,francis esp\s+ ,pov]ty4 ,9 ! 
*ur* ( ,camaldoli at ,flor5ce1 he pa9t$ 
= ! company ( ! ,m>tyrs "s sc5es ( !    
m>tyrdom ( c]ta9 sa9ts1 & decorat$ !    
*apels on ei!r side ( ! pr9cipal *apel4 
,z ^! pa9t+s gave consid]able           
satisfaction to ! :ole city1 he 0       
commission$ on _! completion1 to pa9t a 
wall ( ! *ur* 9 ! ,c>m9e = ! family ( ! 
,salve/r9i1 n[ almo/ ext9ct1 !re be+ s  
f> z ,i "k1 no o!r surviv+ memb] ?an a  
fri> ( ! ,angeli at ,flor5ce1 call$ ,fra
 ,nemesio1 a good & c\rte\s monk4 ,"h he
 did ! m>tyrs1 :5 !y are condemn$ to    
dea?1 be+ /ripp$ nak$ & made to walk    
b>e-foot$ on ?orns s[n by ! s]vants ( ! 
tyrants1 :il/ !y are on ! way to be     

crucifi$1 & high] up !y are repres5t$ on
 ! cross 9 v>i$ & extraord9>y attitudes4
 ,9 ?is "w1 ! l>ge/ :i* _h ev] be5      
produc$1 ev]y?+ is done ) great skill & 
design1 accord+ to ! k ( ! "t1 be+ full 
( ! expressions %[+ ! div]s ways ( dy+ (
 ^? :o are put to dea? ) viol5ce4 ,= ?is
 cause ,i am n surpris$ t _m m5 (       
ability h made use ( "s ?+s f\nd 9 ?is  
picture4 ,aft] ?is ,lor5zo did _m o!r   
figures 9 ! same *ur*1 & decorat$ two   
*apels 9 ! scre54 ,at ! same "t he did !
 tab]nacle on ! side ( ! ,cuculia1 & !  
"o 9 ! via de' ,m>telli on ! wall ( !   
h\ses1 & ov] ! knock] door ( ,s4        
,spirito he did a ,/ ,augu/9e 9 fresco1 
:o is giv+ ! rule to 8 bre?r54 ,9 ,s4   
,tr9ita 9 ! *apel ( ,n]i ,capponi he    
pa9t$ 9 fresco ! life ( ,/ ,john        
,gualb]t4 ,9 ! pr9cipal *apel ( ,s4     
,lucia 9 ! via de' ,b>di he did "s sc5es
 9 fresco f ! life ( ,/ ,lucy = ,niccolo
 da ,uzzano1 ^: portrait he introduc$   
!re f life toge!r ) ^? ( "s o!r citiz5s4
 ,?is ,niccolo ) ! assi/ance & model (  

,lor5zo1 built 8 own palace ne> ! *ur*1 
& began a magnific5t college or /udium  
betwe5 ! conv5t ( ! ,s]vites & t ( ,s4  
,m>co1 t is to say1 :]e ! lions n[ are4 
,?is truly magnific5t "w1 r wor?y ( a   
pr9ce ?an ( a private citiz51 0 n       
complet$1 because ! imm5se sum ( money  
:i* ,niccolo left 9 8 bank at ,flor5ce =
 ! build+ & end[m5t ( x 7 exp5d$ by !   
,flor5t9es on w> & o!r ne$s ( ! city4   
,al?\gh ,=tune c nev] obscure ! memory &
 greatness ( ! _s ( ,niccolo da ,uzzano1
 ! community suff]$ a great loss by !   
non-completion ( ! "w4 ,!re=e1 let      
anyone :o desires to help ! _w 9 su* a  
mann]1 & to leave an hon\rable memorial 
( himself1 d s himself 9 8 life-"t1 & n 
tru/ to ! fai?fulness ( po/]ity & ( 8   
heirs1 z x v r>ely happ5s t a ?+ is     
c>ri$ out :]e x is left to successors4  
,b to return to ,lor5zo4 ,besides :at   
has be5 already m5tion$1 he pa9t$ a     
,madonna & c]ta9 sa9ts v fairly 9 a     
tab]nacle on ! ponte ,rubaconte 9       
fresco4 ,n long aft]1 ,s] ,mi*ele di    

,fruos9o1 ma/] ( ! hospital ( ,s4 ,m>ia 
,nuova at ,flor5ce1 a build+ f\nd$ by   
,folco ,port9>i1 citiz5 ( ,flor5ce1     
propos$1 z ! prop]ty ( !  hospital _h   
increas$1 to enl>ge 8 *ur* outside      
,flor5ce1 d$icat$ to ,/ ,giles1 :i* 0 ( 
small importance4 ,accord+ly he consult$
 ,lor5zo di ,bicci1 8 close fri5d1 & on 
#e? ,septemb] #adah he began ! new *ur*1
 :i* 0 complet$ 9 its pres5t =m 9 a ye>1
 & !n solemnly consecrat$ by ,pope ,m>t9
 ,v4 at ! reque/ ( ,s] ,mi*ele1 :o 0 !  
eigh? ma/] & a memb] ( ! family ( !     
,port9>i4 ,lor5zo aft]w>ds pa9t$ ?is    
consecration1 at ! desire ( ,s] ,mi*ele1
 on ! front ( ! *ur*1 introduc+ !       
portrait ( ! ,pope & ( "s c>d9als4 ,?is 
"w 0 !n mu* admir$ z some?+ new &       
beautiful4 ,= ?is cause ,lor5zo 0 judg$ 
wor?y to be ! fir/ to pa9t 9 ! pr9cipal 
*ur* ( 8 native city1 t is ,s4 ,m>ia del
 ,fiore1 :]e1 "u ! w9d[s ( ea* *apel1 he
 did ! sa9ts to :i* !y are d$icat$2 &   
aft]w>ds1 on ! pill>s & ?r\gh ! *ur*1 he
 did ! twelve ,apo/les ) ! crosses ( !  

consecration1 z ! *ur* 0 solemnly       
consecrat$ 9 t v ye> by ,pope ,eug5ius  
,,iv4 ( ,v5ice4 ,9 ! same *ur* ! w>d5s1 
by a public ord9ance1 employ$ him to    
pa9t on ! wall 9 fresco a deposition1   
f9i%$ 9 m>ble1 9 memory ( ! ,c>d9al de' 
,cors9i1 ^: effigy is !re1 ^u !         
s>cophagus4 ,above ?is is ano!r l x1 9  
memory ( ,ma/] ,luigi ,m>sili1 a mo/    
fam\s !ologian1 :o w5t z ambassador )   
,m4 ,luigi ,giucc>d9i & ,m4 ,guccio di  
,g9o1 mo/ hon\r$ knights1 to ! ,duke (  
,anj\4 ,lor5zo 0 aft]w>ds invit$ to     
,arezzo by ,d4 ,laur5t9o1 abbot ( ,s4   
,b]n>do1 a mona/]y ( ! ord] ( ,monte    
,oliveto1 :]e he pa9t$ sc5es f ! life ( 
,/ ,b]n>d 9 fresco = ! pr9cipal *apel = 
,m4 ,c>lo ,m>sup9o4 ,b z he 0 ab\t to   
pa9t ! life ( ,/ ,b5$ict 9 ! cloi/] ( ! 
conv5t1 aft] he _h pa9t$ ! pr9cipal     
*apel ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco1 =      
,francesco de' ,bacci1 ! eld]1 :]e he   
alone did ! vault+ & half ! tympanum1 he
 fell sick ( a *e/ affection4 ,accord+ly
 he caus$ himself to be  c>ri$ to       

,flor5ce1 & left in/ructions t ,m>co da 
,montepulciano1 8 pupil1 %\ld d ^! sc5es
 f ! life ( ,/ ,b5$ict 9 ! cloi/]1 f a  
design :i* he _h made & left ) ,d4      
,laur5t9o4 ,^! ,m>co did to ! be/ ( 8   
ability1 complet+ !m 9 ! ye> #addh on   
#bd?  ,april1 ! :ole "w be+ 9 *i>oscuro1
 & 8 "n may be se5 writt5 !re1 ) v]ses  
:i* are n less rude ?an ! pa9t+4 ,lor5zo
 return$ to 8 c\ntry1 &1 hav+ recov]$1  
he pa9t$ on ! same wall ( ! conv5t ( ,s4
 ,croce1 :]e he _h done ! ,/ ,*ri/oph]1 
! ,assumption ( ,our ,lady surr\nd$ 9   
,heav5 by a *oir ( angels1 & bel[ a ,/  
,?omas receiv+ ! girdle4 ,9 ! execution 
( ?is "w1 z ,lor5zo 0 sick1 he 0 assi/$ 
by ,donatello1 !n q a y\?1 & by means ( 
su* effective aid x 0 complet$ 9 ! ye>  
#adej1 s t ,i believe x to be ! be/ "w  
bo? 9 design & 9 col\r+ t ,lor5zo ev]   
produc$4 ,n long aft]1 be+ an old man & 
worn out1 he di$ at ! age ( ab\t sixty  
ye>s1 leav+ two sons :o practis$ pa9t+1 
"o ( :om1 nam$ ,bicci1 assi/$ him 9 _m (
 8 works1 & ! o!r1 call$ ,n]i1 drew !   

portraits ( 8 fa!r & himself 9 ! *apel (
 ! ,l5zi 9 ,ognissanti1 9 two m$allions1
 ) lett]s ab\t !m giv+ ! names ( bo?4 ,9
 ?is same *apel ,n]i did "s /ories (    
,our ,lady1 & took great pa9s to copy _m
 ( ! co/umes ( 8 day1 bo? ( m5 & wom54  
,he did ! alt> picture = ! *apel 9      
temp]a1 & pa9t$ "s pictures 9 ! ,abbey (
 ,s4 ,felice1 ( ! ,camaldol9e ord]1 on !
 piazza ( ,flor5ce1 z well z ! high alt>
 ( ,s4 ,mi*ele ( ,arezzo ( ! same ord]4 
,outside ,arezzo1 at ,s4 ,m>ia delle    
,grazie1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,b]n>d9o1 he did
 a ,madonna ) ! p ( ,arezzo "u h]       
mantle1 & on "o side ,/ ,b]n>d9o is     
kneel+1 ) a wood5 cross 9 8 h&1 su* z he
 0 accu/om$ to c>ry :5 he w5t ?r\gh     
,arezzo prea*+2 & on ! o!r side are ,/  
,ni*olas & ,/ ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel4 ,!   
pr$ella conta9s ! acts ( ,/ ,b]n>d9o & !
 miracles :i*1 he p]=m$1 especially ^?  
done 9 t place4 ,! same ,n]i did ! high 
alt> picture = ,s4 ,romolo at ,flor5ce1 
& 9 ! *apel ( ! ,sp9i 9 ,s4 ,tr9ita he  
did ! life ( ,/ ,john ,gualb]t 9 fresco1

 z well z ! picture 9 temp]a :i* is     
above ! alt>4 ,f ^! works x is cle> t if
 ,n]i _h liv$1 in/ead ( dy+ at ! age (  
?irty-six1 he w\ld h done _m bett] & m  
num]\s works ?an 8 fa!r ,lor5zo4 ,!     
latt] 0 ! la/ ma/] to adopt ! old mann] 
( ,giotto1 & accord+ly 8 life w be ! la/
 9 ?is fir/ "p1 :i* ,i h n[ complet$1 ) 
,god's help4     ,notes   ,,page        
,,l9e  xxiii4    #e4    braccia1 may be 
consid]$ r\ghly to repres5t             
ab\t two feet2 lit]ally translat$ x     
means an arm4  #g4        #f4    fresco1
 ,pa9t+ al fresco1 ^u fre% or wet       
gr\nd is execut$ ) m9]al & e>?y pigm5ts 
^u a fre%ly laid /ucco gr\nd ( lime or  
gypsum4--,fairholt4  #i4       #bh4     
old k+ ,*>les ( ,anj\1 ! bro!r ( ,/     
,l\is1                 cr[n$ k+ (       
,sicily 9 #abff4  #aj4      #aj4        
temp]a1 a me?od 9 :i* ! pigm5ts are mix$
                 ) *alk or clay & dilut$
 ) size4  #aa4      #ai4    ,cr$ette1   
etc4                                    
,cimabue ?\ght                 ,to "l x 

ov] pa9t+'s field2 & n[                 
,! cry is ,giotto's1 & 8 "n             
eclips'd4--,c>y4  #ae4      #ac4        
draw+s4 ,x is /at$ t ! knight ,gaddi    
sold                 five volumes (     
draw+s to "s m]*ants =                  
sev]al ?\s&s ( scudi1 :i* compos$       
,vas>i's                 fam\s book1 s  
(t5 ref]r$ to by h m4 ,c>d4             
,leopold de' ,m$ici collect$ sev]al ( ^?
 by !                 mo/ fam\s arti/s4 
,?is collection 0 s5t to !              
,uffizi gall]y 9 #agjj1 :]e !y are m]g$ 
)                 ! o!r draw+s4  #be4   
#aa4    bridge :i* /ill be>s 8 "n4 ,m4  
,rubaconte 0                 pode/a (   
,flor5ce 9 #abcg & 9 addition to lay+   
! f\ndation /one ( ?is bridge1 he also  
caus$                 ! city to be pav$4
 ,villani1 vi4 #bf4 ,! bridge           
is n[ kn[n z ! ,ponte alle ,grazie4     
#de4      #cb4    ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa4   
,impossible1 = ,b>b>ossa                
di$ two c5turies be=e4 ,p]haps ,vas>i   
means !                 ,emp]or ,fr$]ick

 ,,iii4  #ea4      #ca4    ,s]          
,ciappelletto1 ! h]o ( ! fir/ /ory 9    
,boccaccio's ,decam]on1 =g]1 murd]]1    
blasphem]1 =nicator1 drunk>d & gambl]1  
he 0                 probably ! wor/ man
 :o 0 ev] born1 to cr[n                 
all1 he s deceiv$ ! prie/ to :om he     
confess$                 t he 0         
canonis$4  #ee4      #bc4    ,s4        
,giovanni4 ,bk4 i41 cap4 #db4 ,villani  
/ates t                 x 0 orig9ally   
built by ! ,romans 9 ! "t (             
,octavian z a temple to ,m>s4  #fg4     
#be4    ,m4 ,f>9ata degli ,ub]ti4,cf1 p4
 #cj above4 ,aft]                 !     
battle ( ,montap]ti 9 #abfj1 9 :i* !    
,si5ese aid$ by ! ,ghibell9e exiles (   
,flor5ce                 won a complete 
victory ov] ! ,flor5t9es1 a             
c\ncil 0 held 9 :i* x 0 propos$ to      
de/roy                 ,flor5ce utt]ly4 
,! project 0 defeat$ by                 
,f>9ata1 "o ( ! mo/ prom95t ( !         
victori\s                 ,flor5t9es4   
,villani1 bk4 vi41 cap4 #ha4 ,cf1 ,dante

                 ,inf]no1 x4 #a4 #ib4   
#ge4      #ai4    ,m4 ,=ese da ,rabatta1
 ,decam]on1 #f? ,day1                   
,novella #e4  #ha4      #bc4    life ( !
 pati5t ,job4 ,x is n[ a well           
e/abli%$ fact t ^! frescoes 7 pa9t$ by  
,francesco da ,volt]ra 9 #acga1 sev]al  
ye>s aft]                 ,giotto's     
dea?4  #he4      #aj4    ,oh dissi lui1 
etc4                         ,oh1 ,i    
exclaim$1          ,art ?\ n ,od]igi1   
art n ?\          ,agobbio's glory1     
glory ( t art          ,:i* !y ( ,p>is  
call ! limn]'s skill8          ,bro!r1  
said he1 ) t9ts t gay] smile1           
,bolognian ,franco's p5cil l9es !       
leaves4          ,8 all ! hon\r n[2 m9e 
borr[$ light4                           
--,c>y4  #ajb4      #d4     ,franco     
,sac*etti1 born at ,flor5ce 9 #acce4 ,8 
,novelle 7 consid]$ ! be/ aft] ^? (     
,boccaccio4  #aaj4     #bd4     ,:]e !  
,giglion jo9s ! ,*iassa                 
,!re did my ance/ors fl\ri%             
,:o be> six gold5 /ones on azure gr\nd4 

#aea4     #ad4     ,an eagle on ! back (
 a lion4 ,! bi%op 0 a                   
prom95t ,ghibell9e1 ^: figure 0 !       
imp]ial                  eagle1 :ile !  
lion signifi$ ! oppos+ ,guelph          
p>ty4 ,buffalmacco z a ,flor5t9e w\ld   
belong to                  ! latt]      
faction4  #aee4      #e4     ,voi *e    
avvisate1 etc4              ,ye :o      
behold ?is pa9t+              ,?9k1     
weigh & consid]              ,^u !      
m]ciful ,god1 supreme creator1          
,:o made all ?+s 9 love4                
,he fa%ion$ t angelic nature 9 new      
ord]s1              ,9 t respl5d5t      
empire ( heav54              ,motionless
 ,himself yet ! s\rce ( all motion      
,he made ev]y?+ good & pure4            
,raise ! eyes ( y\r m9d1                
,reflect ^u ! ord]+              ,( !   
entire globe & rev]5tly                 
,praise ,him :o has creat$ s well4      
,?9k t y also may ta/e ! delight        
,( liv+ among ! angels1 :]e all are     
bless$4              ,9 ?is sc5e also we

 see ! glory ( ! _w1              ,!    
base1 ! mean1 & ! l(ty4  #ahh4     ii4  
arts ( ,flor5ce4 ,! arts or guilds (    
,flor5ce                  =m$ ! basis ( 
! gov]nm5t ( ! city4 ,!y                
7 ( two ord]s1 ! great] & ! less]4 ,!   
sev5 great] arts 73 ,lawy]s 7,/ ,luke71 
!                  ,calim>a or deal]s 9 
=eign clo? 7,/ ,john                    
,bapti/71 money-*ang]s 7,/ ,mat!w71     
wooll5                  manufactur]s 7,/
 ,?omas71 physicians 7,virg9 ,m>y71     
silk manufactur]s 7,/ ,john ! ,div9e71 &
 !                  furri]s 7,/ ,james74
 ,! less] arts 7 f\rte5                 
9 numb]1 includ+ arm\r]s 7,/ ,george71  
locksmi?s 7,/ ,m>k71 f>ri]s 7,/ ,eloi71 
drap]s                  7,/ ,/eph571    
%oemak]s 7,/ ,philip71 but*]s           
7,/ ,pet]74 ,!y 7 admitt$ to ! full     
citiz5%ip 9 #acgh4  #aii4     #ba4      
,da *e prosp]itade1 etc4                
,s9ce e happ9ess has ab&on$ u1          
,come dea?1 ! cure ( e grief1           
,come & give u our la/ meal4  #bjj4     

#c4     ,is*]mo di sav]i1 etc4          
,k & weal?1                    ,bir? &  
val\r1 all                    ,are alike
 p[]less aga9/ 8 /rokes4  #bab4     #aj4
      ! ,duke ( ,a!ns4 ,walt] de        
,bri5ne1 a                   ,fr5*man1  
elect$ capta9 & protector (             
,flor5ce 9 ,june #acdb24 he endeav\r$ to
 become                   ma/] ( ! city1
 b 0 expell$ 9 ! popul>                 
ris+ ref]r$ to4  #bci4     #ca4      !  
,bav>ian4 ,l\is ( ,bav>ia1 ! emp]or :o  
di$ 9 #acdg4  #bda4      #c       a     
secco4 ,fresco pa9t+ 9 secco is t k9d   
:i* absorbs ! col\rs into ! pla/] &     
gives !m a dry sunk5                    
appe>ance4--,fairholt4  #bfc4     #ca   
affair ( ! ,ciompi3 ! "n giv5 to !      
ris+ ( ! less] p aga9/ ! p[]ful         
guilds1 result+ 9 a wid] di/ribution ( !
                   p[]s ( gov]nm5t4 ,!  
l[] classes won &                       
appo9t$ ,mi*ele del ,l&o z _!           
,gonfaloni]e4                   ,ciompi 
means ! l[e/ classes4  #bfe4     #ad4   

#bjj1jjj scudi1 wor? ab\t #dd1ddd1 #is4