,,love',s ,,me9ie4 ,,?ree ,,lectures ,,on ,,greek ,,& ,,engli% ,,birds4 ,by ,,john ,,rusk91 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,,honor>y ,,/ud5t ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,*ur*1 ,,ox=d2 ,,& ,,honor>y ,,fell[ ,,( ,,corpus ,,*ri/i ,,college1 ,,ox=d ,,?ird ,,edition ,,george ,,all51 ,,sunnyside1 ,,orp+ton ,,& #aef1 ,,*>+ ,,cross ,,road1 ,,london #ahig ,all rights res]v$ ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,preface v ,,lecture ,i4 ,,! ,,rob9 #a ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,swall[ #be ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,! ,,dab*icks #eb ,,app5dix #ajg ,,preface4 ,,brantwood1 #i? ,june1 #ahha4 ,qu>t] pa/ five1 morn+4 ,! birds *irp+ feebly1--mo/ly *aff9*es answ]+ ea* o!r1 ! re/ discompos$1 ,i fancy1 by ! ,june sn[2#a ! lake nei!r smoo? nor rippl$1 b l a surface ( p]fectly bright glass1 ill ca/2 ! l9es ( wave few & irregul>1 l flaws 9 ! planes ( a f9e cry/al4 #a ,! summits ( ! ,old ,man1 ( ,we!rlam1 & ,helvellyn1 7 all :ite1 on ! morn+ :5 ?is 0 writt54 ,i see ?is book 0 begun eight ye>s ago2--!n int5d$ to conta9 only f\r ,ox=d lectures3 b ! said lectures also 'int5d$' to conta9 ! cream ( =ty volumes ( sci5tific orni?ology4 ,:i* int5tions1 all & sundry1 hav+ gone1 ,c>lyle w\ld h said1 to wat]1 & m pi\sly-m9d$ p]sons1 to fire1 ,i am oblig$ n[ to ca/ my mat]ials into ano!r =m3 & "h1 at all ev5ts1 is a bundle ( :at is readie/ "u my h&4 ,! nature & "n ( :i* ,i mu/ try to make a little m intelligible ?an my books h lately be51 ei!r 9 text or title4 ',me9ie' is ! old ,engli% ^w = ',_m1' 9 ! s5se ( 'a _m' p]sons att5d+ "o1 z bridesmaids1 :5 9 sixes or t5s or doz5s2--c\rti]s1 footm51 & ! l4 ,x passes gradually into ',m5ial1' & unites ! s5ses ( ,multitude & ,s]vitude4 ,9 ! passages quot$ f1 or ref]r$ to 91 ,*auc]'s translation ( ! ,romance ( ! ,rose1 at ! end ( ! fir/ lecture1 any read] :o c>es = a clue to ! f>!r significances ( ! title1 may f9d "o to lead him safely ?r\gh ri*] labyr9?s ( ?\ght ?an m9e3 & ladd] en\gh also1--if !re be ei!r any heav5ly1 or pure e>?ly1 ,love1 9 8 own brea/1--to guide him to a pretty bird's ne/2 bo? 9 ! ,romances ( ! ,rose & ( ,juliet1 & 9 ! ,s]mons ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,! t]m ',lecture' is reta9$1 = ?\gh ,i lecture no m1 ,i /ill write habitually 9 a mann] suit$ = oral deliv]y1 & imag9e myself speak+ to my pupils1 if ev] ,i am happily ?9k+ 9 myself4 ,b x w be also se5 t by ! help ( ?is v famili>ity ( /yle1 ,i am endeavor+1 9 ^! & my o!r writ+s on ,natural ,hi/ory1 to compel 9 ! /ud5t a cle>ness ( ?\ght & precision ( language :i* h n hi!rto be5 9 any wise ! virtues1 or skills1 ( sci5tific p]sons4 ,?\ghtless read]s1 :o imag9e t my own /yle 7su* z x is1 ! "o ?+ :i* ! ,briti% public conc$es to me z a real p[]7 has be5 =m$ )\t pa9s1 may smile at ! confid5ce ) :i* ,i speak ( alt]+ accept$1 & ev5 long-e/abli%$1 nom5clature4 ,b ! use :i* ,i n[ h ( language has tak5 me =ty ye>s to atta92 & ^? =ty ye>s sp5t1 mo/ly1 9 walk+ ?r\gh ! wild]ness ( ?is _w's va9 words1 seek+ h[ !y might be prun$ into "s bett] /r5g?4 ,& ,i ?9k x likely t at la/ ,i may put 9 my prun+-hook ) effect2 = inde$ a "t mu/ come :5 ,engli% fa!rs & mo!rs w wi% _! *ildr5 to le>n ,engli% aga91 & to speak x = all s*ol>ly purposes2 &1 if !y use1 in/ead1 ,greek or ,lat91 to use !m only t !y may be und]/ood by ,greeks or ,lat9s2#b & n t !y may my/ify ! illit]ate _m ( _! own l&4 ,dead languages1 s call$1 may at lea/ be left at re/1 if n honor$2 & mu/ n be torn 9 mutilation out ( _! tumuli1 t ! sk9s & bones ( !m may help to hold our liv+ nons5se toge!r2 :ile languages call$ liv+1 b :i* live only to slack !mselves into slang1 or bloat !mselves into bomba/1 mu/ "o day h new gramm>s writt5 = _! lic5se1 & new laws = _! insol5ce4 #b ,greek is n[ a liv+ nation's language1 f ,mess9a to ,delos--& ,lat9 /ill lives = ! well-tra9$ *ur*m5 & g5tlem5 ( ,italy4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t ! reca/ me?ods ( classification adopt$ 9 ?is book1 & 9 ',pros]p9a1' mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f _! reca/+s ( nom5clature4 ,i am p]fectly sure t x is wis] to use pla9 %ort words ?an obscure long ones2 b n 9 ! lea/ sure t ,i am do+ ! be/ t c be done = my pupils1 9 class+ swall[s ) owls1 or milkworts ) violets4 ,! classification is always giv5 z t5tative2 &1 at its utmo/1 elem5t>y3 b ! nom5clature1 z 9 all probability conclusive4 ,= ! re/1 ! success & ! s]vice ( all dep5d on ! m or less ?or\gh accompli%m5t ( plans long s9ce laid1 & :i* w\ld h be5 good = little if _! cop+ c\ld at once h be5 conjectur$ or =etold 9 _! f\ndations4 ,x has be5 ?r\gh\t my tru/1 t if ,dea? %\ld write on ^!1 ,:at ?is man began to build1 he 0 n able to f9i%1 ,god may also write on !m1 n 9 ang]1 b 9 aid1 ,a /rong] ?an he1 come?4 ,,love',s ,,me9ie4 ,il etoit t\t conv]t d'oisiaulx4 ,romance ( ! ,rose4 ,,lecture ,i4#c ,,! ,,rob94 #a4 ,among ! m spl5did pictures 9 ! ,exhibition ( ! ,old ,ma/]s1 ?is ye>1 y _c b rememb] ! ,v&yke portraits ( ! two sons ( ! ,duke ( ,l5nox4 ,i ?9k y _c b rememb] x1 because x w\ld be difficult to f9d1 ev5 among ! works ( ,v&yke1 a m /rik+ repres5tation ( ! y\? ( our ,engli% noblesse2 nor "o 9 :i* ! pa9t] _h m ex]t$ himself1 or ) bett] success1 9 r5d]+ ! decor\s pride & natural grace ( honorable ari/ocracy4 #c ,deliv]$ at ,ox=d1 ,m>* #ae?1 #ahgc4 ,v&yke is1 h[ev]1 inf]ior to ,titian & ,velasquez1 9 t 8 ef=t to %[ ?is noblesse ( air & p]sons may always be detect$2 also ! ari/ocracy ( ,v&yke's day 7 already s f> fe>ful ( _! own position z to feel anxiety t x %\ld be imm$iately recogniz$4 ,& ! effect ( ! pa9t]'s consci\s def]5ce1 & ( ! equally consci\s pride ( ! boys1 z !y /ood to be pa9t$1 has be5 some:at to %ort5 ! p[] ( ! "o1 & to abase ! dignity ( ! o!r4 ,& ?us1 9 ! mid/ ( my admiration ( ! y\?s' beautiful faces1 & natural quality ( maje/y1 set (f by all spl5dors ( dress & c\rtesies ( art1 ,i c\ld n =be> que/ion+ ) myself :at ! true value 01 9 ! scales ( creation1 ( ^! fair human be+s :o set s high a value on !mselves2 &1--z if ! only answ]1--! words kept repeat+ !mselves 9 my e>1 ,ye are ( m value ?an _m sp>r[s4 #b4 ,pass]es1 ,greek3 /r\?os--! ?+s t op5 _! w+s1 & are n o!rwise noticeable2 small birds ( ! l& & wood2 ! food ( ! s]p5t1 ( man1 or ( ! /rong] creatures ( _! own k9d1--t ev5 ^!1 ?\gh among ! simple/ & obscure/ ( be+s1 h yet price 9 ! eyes ( _! ,mak]1 & t ! dea? ( "o ( !m _c take place b by ,8 p]mission1 has long be5 ! subject ( declamation 9 our pulpits1 & ! gr\nd ( mu* s5tim5t 9 nurs]y education4 ,b ! declamation is s aimless1 & ! s5tim5t s holl[1 t1 practically1 ! *ief int]e/ ( ! leisure ( mank9d has be5 f\nd 9 ! de/ruction ( ! creatures :i* !y pr(ess$ to believe ev5 ! ,mo/ ,high w\ld n see p]i% )\t pity2 &1 9 rec5t days1 x is fa/ becom+ ! only def9ition ( ari/ocracy1 t ! pr9cipal bus9ess ( its life is ! kill+ ( sp>r[s4 ,sp>r[s1 or pigeons1 or p>tridges1 :at does x matt]8 ,c5tum mille p]drices plumbo confecit2#d t is1 inde$1 too (t5 ! sum ( ! life ( an ,engli% "l2 mu* que/ionable n[1 if inde$ ( m value ?an t ( _m sp>r[s4 #d ,! epitaph on ,c\nt ,za*d>m1 9 ,s>tor ,res>tus4 #c4 ,is x n a /range fact1 t1 int]e/$ 9 no?+ s mu* = ! la/ two hundr$ ye>s1 z 9 8 horses1 he yet left x to ! f>m]s ( ,scotl& to relieve draught horses f ! be>+-re98#e ,is x n "o equally /range t1 ma/] ( ! =e/s ( ,engl& = a ?\s& ye>s1 & ( its libr>ies = ?ree hundr$1 he left ! natural hi/ory ( birds to be writt5 by a c>d-pr9t]'s lad ( ,newca/le8#f ,writt51 & n writt51 = inde$ we h no natural hi/ory ( birds writt5 yet4 ,x _c be writt5 b by a s*ol> & a g5tleman2 & no ,engli% g5tleman 9 rec5t times has ev] ?\ght ( birds except z fly+ t>gets1 or flavor\s di%es4 ,! only piece ( natural hi/ory wor? ! "n 9 ! ,engli% language1 t ,i "k (1 is 9 ! few l9es ( ,milton on ! ,creation4 ,! only example ( a prop] mann] ( contribution to natural hi/ory is 9 ,:ite's ,lett]s f ,selborne4 ,y "k ,i h always spok5 ( ,bewick z pre-em95tly a vulg> or boori% p]son1 ?\gh ( spl5did honor & g5ius2 8 vulg>ity %[s 9 no?+ s mu* z 9 ! pov]ty ( ! details he has collect$1 ) ! be/ int5tions1 & ! %rewde/ s5se1 = ,engli% orni?ology4 ,8 imag9ation is n cultivat$ en\gh to enable him to *oose1 or arrange4 #e ,sir ,ar?ur ,helps4 ,animals & _! ,ma/]s1 p4 #fg4 #f ,ariadne ,flor5t9a1 vi4 #de4 #d4 ,nor c mu* m be said = ! obs]vations ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,x is vulg> 9 a f> worse way1 by its arrogance & mat]ialism4 ,9 g5]al1 ! sci5tific natural hi/ory ( a bird consi/s ( f\r articles1--fir/1 ! "n & e/ate ( ! g5tleman ^: gamekeep] %ot ! la/ t 0 se5 9 ,engl&2 secondly1 two or ?ree /ories ( d\btful orig91 pr9t$ 9 e book on ! subject ( birds = ! la/ fifty ye>s2 ?irdly1 an acc\nt ( ! fea!rs1 f ! comb to ! rump1 ) enum]ation ( ! colors :i* are nev] m to be se5 on ! liv+ bird by ,engli% eyes2 &1 la/ly1 a discussion ( ! reasons :y none ( ! twelve names :i* =m] naturali/s h giv5 to ! bird are ( any fur!r use1 & :y ! pres5t au?or has giv5 x a ?irte5?1 :i* is to be univ]sally1 & to ! end ( "t1 accept$4 #e4 ,y may fancy ?is is c>icature2 b ! abyss ( confusion produc$ by mod]n sci5ce 9 nom5clature1 & ! utt] void ( ! abyss :5 y plunge into x aft] any "o useful fact1 surpass all c>icature4 ,i h 9 my h& ?irte5 plates ( ?irte5 species ( eagles2 eagles all1 or hawks all1 or falcons all--:i*ev] "n y *oose = ! great race ( ! hook-head$ birds ( prey--"s s l t y c't tell ! "o f ! o!r1 at ! di/ance at :i* ,i %[ !m to y1 all absolutely alike 9 _! eagle or falcon "*1 hav+1 e "o1 ! falx = its beak1 & e "o1 fle% = its prey4 ,d y suppose ! unhappy /ud5t is to be all[$ to call !m all eagles1 or all falcons1 to beg9 )1 z w\ld be ! fir/ condition ( a wise nom5clature1 e/abli%+ resemblance by specific "n1 be=e m>k+ v>iation by individual "n8 ,no su* luck4 ,i hold y up ! plates ( ! ?irte5 birds "o by "o1 & read y _! names (f ! back3-- ,! fir/1 is an ,aquila4 ,! second1 a ,halitus4 ,! ?ird1 a ,milvus4 ,! f\r?1 a ,p&ion4 ,! fif?1 an ,a/ur4 ,! six?1 a ,falco4 ,! sev5?1 a ,p]nis4 ,! eigh?1 a ,circus4 ,! n9?1 a ,buteo4 ,! t5?1 an ,ar*ibuteo4 ,! elev5?1 an ,accipit]4 ,! twelf?1 an ,ery?ropus4 ,& ! ?irte5?1 a ,t9nunculus4 ,!re's a nice little lesson to ent]ta9 a p>i% s*ool-boy )1 beg9n+ 8 natural hi/ory ( birds6 #f4 ,!re are n s _m v>ieties ( rob9 z ( hawk1 b ! sci5tific classifi]s are n to be beat54 ,if !y _c f9d a numb] ( simil> birds to give diff]5t names to1 !y w give two names to ! same "o4 ,"h are two pictures ( y\r own r$brea/1 out ( ! two be/ mod]n works on orni?ology4 ,9 "o1 x is call$ ,motacilla rubecula2 9 ! o!r1 ,rubecula famili>is4 #g4 ,x is inde$ "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s1 z "o ( ! mo/ absurd1 weaknesses1 ( mod]n naturali/s to imag9e t any pres5tly inv5t$ nom5clature c /&1 ev5 7 x adopt$ by ! cons5t ( nations1 in/ead ( ! conceit ( individuals4 ,x w take fifty ye>s' dige/ion be=e ! rec5tly asc]ta9$ elem5ts ( natural sci5ce c p]mit ! arrangem5t ( species 9 any p]man5tly 7ev5 ov] a limit$ p]iod7 namable ord]2 nor !n1 unless a great man is born to p]ceive & exhibit su* ord]4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! simple/ & mo/ descriptive nom5clature is ! be/4 ,e "o ( ^! birds1 = in/ance1 might be call$ falco 9 ,lat91 hawk 9 ,engli%1 "s ^w be+ add$ to di/+ui% ! g5us1 :i* %\ld describe its pr9cipal aspect or habit4 ,falco montium1 ,m\nta9 ,hawk2 ,falco silv>um1 ,wood ,hawk2 ,falco procell>um1 ,sea ,hawk2 & ! l4 ,!n1 "o descriptive epi!t w\ld m>k species4 ,falco montium1 aureus1 ,gold5 ,eagle2 ,falco silv>um1 apivorus1 ,honey ,buzz>d2 & s on2 & ! naturali/s ( ,vi5na1 ,p>is1 & ,london %\ld confirm ! names ( kn[n creatures1 9 conclave1 once e half-c5tury1 & let !m s /& = ! next fifty ye>s4 #h4 ,9 ! meantime1 y y\rselves1 or1 to speak m g5]ally1 ! "y ris+ s*ol>s ( ,engl&1--all ( y :o c>e = life z well z lit]ature1 & = _s1--ev5 ! poor s\ls ( birds1--z well z lett]+ ( _! classes 9 books1--y1 ) all c>e1 %\ld *]i% ! old ,saxon-,engli% & ,norman-,fr5* names ( birds1 & asc]ta9 !m ) ! mo/ affectionate rese>*--nev] despis+ ev5 ! rude/ or mo/ prov9cial =ms3 all ( !m w1 "s day or o!r1 give y clue to hi/orical po9ts ( int]e/4 ,take1 = example1 ! common ,engli% "n ( ?is l[-fly+ falcon1 ! mo/ tamable & affectionate ( 8 tribe1 & !re=e1 ,i suppose1 fa/e/ vani%+ f field & wood1 ! buzz>d4 ,t "n comes f ! ,lat9 buteo1 /ill reta9$ by ! orni?ologi/s2 b1 9 its orig9al =m1 valueless1 to y4 ,b :5 y get x com=tably corrupt$ into ,prov5al ,busac1 7:5ce gradually ! ,fr5* bus>d1 & our buzz>d17 y get f x ! delightful comp\nd busacador1 ador] ( buzz>ds--mean+1 g5]ally1 a sport+ p]son2 & !n y h ,dante's ,b]tr& de ,born1 ! fir/ tr\bad\r ( w>1 be>+ witness to y h[ ! love ( m]e hunt+ & falconry 0 already1 9 8 day1 degrad+ ! milit>y classes1 &1 s f> f be+ a necess>y adjunct ( ! noble disposition ( lov] or soldi]1 01 ev5 to contempt1 %[+ itself sep>ate f bo?4 ,le ric home1 cassador1 ,m'enneion1 e'l buzacador4 ,p>lan de volada1 d'au/or1 ,ne jamais1 d'armas1 ni d'amor4 ,! ri* man1 ! *as]1 ,tires me to dea?2 & ! ador] ( buzz>ds4 ,!y talk ( covey & hawk1 ,& nev] ( arms1 nor ( love4 ,cassador1 ( c\rse1 aft]w>ds becomes *asseur1 & au/or vaut\r4 ,b aft] y h read ?is1 & famili>iz$ y\r e> ) ! old ^w1 h[ diff]5tly ,milton's phrase w r+ to y1--,^? :o ?\ght no bett] ( ! ,liv+ ,god ?an ( a buzz>d idol1--& h[ lit]al x becomes1 :5 we ?9k ( ! actual diff]5ce betwe5 a memb] ( ,p>liam5t 9 ,milton's "t1 & ! ,busacador ( to-day2--& all ?is fre%ness & value 9 ! read+1 obs]ve1 come ( y\r keep+ ! ^w :i* great m5 h us$ = ! bird1 in/ead ( lett+ ! anatomi/s blund] out a new "o f _! ,lat9 diction>ies4 #i4 ,!re are n s _m namable v>ieties1 ,i j n[ said1 ( rob9 z ( falcon2 b ?is is some:at inaccurately /at$4 ,^? ?irte5 birds repres5t$ a v l>ge proportion ( ! entire gr\p ( ! birds ( prey1 :i* 9 my sev5fold classification ,i recomm5d$ y to call univ]sally1 hawks4 ,! rob9 is only "o ( ! f> great] multitude ( small birds :i* live almo/ indiscrim9ately on gra9 or insects1 & :i* ,i recomm5d$ y to call g5]ally sp>r[s2 b ( ! rob9 itself1 !re are two important ,european v>ieties--"o r$-brea/$1 & ! o!r blue-brea/$4 #aj4 ,y probably1 "s ( y1 nev] he>d ( ! blue-brea/2 v few1 c]ta9ly1 h se5 "o alive1 &1 if alive1 c]ta9ly n wild 9 ,engl&4 ,"h is a picture ( x1 da9tily done1#g & y c see ! pretty blue %ield on its brea/1 p]haps1 at ?is di/ance4 ,va9 %ield1 if ev] ! fair little ?+ is wret*$ en\gh to set foot on ,engli% gr\nd6 ,i f9d ! la/ t 0 se5 0 %ot at ,m>gate s long ago z #ahdb1--;& !re seems to be no (ficial record ( any visit be=e t1 s9ce ,mr4 ,?omas ,embl$on %ot "o on ,newca/le t[n moor 9 #ahaf4 ,b ?is r>ity ( visit to u is /range2 o!r birds h no su* cle> objection to be+ %ot1 & really seem to come to ,engl& expressly = ! purpose4 ,& yet ?is blue-bird--7"o c't say blue rob9--,i ?9k we %all h to call him bluet1 l ! cornfl[]7--/ays 9 ,sw$51 :]e x s+s s sweetly t x is call$ a hundr$ tongues4 #g ,mr4 ,g\ld's1 9 8 ,birds ( ,great ,brita94 #aa4 ,t1 !n1 is ! utmo/ :i* ! lords ( l&1 & ma/]s ( sci5ce1 d = u 9 _! wat* ^u our fea!r$ suppliants4 ,"o kills !m1 ! o!r writes classify+ epitaphs4 ,we h next to ask :at ! poets1 pa9t]s1 & monks h done4 ,! poets--among :om ,i affectionately & rev]5tly class ! sweet s+]s ( ! nurs]y1 mo!rs & nurses--h done mu*2 v ne>ly all t ,i c>e = y\r ?9k+ (4 ,! pa9t]s & monks1 ! "o be+ s greatly "u ! influ5ce ( ! o!r1 we may = ! pres5t class toge!r2 & may almo/ sum _! contributions to orni?ology 9 say+ t !y h pluck$ ! w+s f birds1 to make angels ( m51 & ! claws f birds1 to make devils ( m54 ,if y 7 to take away f religi\s art ^! two great helps ( its--,i mu/ say1 on ! :ole1 v feeble--imag9ation2 if y 7 to take f x1 ,i say1 ! p[] ( putt+ w+s on %\ld]s1 & claws on f+]s & toes1 h[ wond]fully ! sph]e ( its angelic & diabolic *>act]s w\ld be contract$6 ,r$uc$ only to ! s\rces ( expression 9 face or movem5ts1 y might /ill f9d 9 good e>ly sculpture v suffici5t devils2 b ! be/ angels w\ld resolve !mselves1 ,i ?9k1 into little m ?an1 & n (t5 into s mu* z1 ! lik5esses ( pretty wom51 ) t grave & 7,i d n say x ironically7 maje/ic expression :i* !y put on1 :51 be+ v fond ( _! husb&s & *ildr51 !y s]i\sly ?9k ei!r ! "o or ! o!r h misbehav$ !mselves4 #ab4 ,& x is n a little disc\rag+ = me1 & may well make y d\btful ( my "r judgm5t 9 ?is endeavor to lead y into clos] att5tion to ! bird1 ) its w+s & claws /ill 9 its own possession2--x is disc\rag+1 ,i say1 to obs]ve t ! beg9n+ ( su* m fai?ful & accurate obs]vation 9 =m] art1 is exactly coeval ) ! comm5cem5t ( its decl9e4 ,! fev]i% & ungraceful natural hi/ory ( ,paul1 call$1 ( ! birds1 ,paolo degli ,uccelli1 produc$1 inde$1 no h>mful result on ! m9ds ( 8 contempor>ies1 !y wat*$ 9 him1 ) only contemptu\s admiration1 ! fantasy ( zoological in/9ct :i* fill$ 8 h\se ) pa9t$ dogs1 cats1 & birds1 because he 0 too poor to fill x ) real ones4 ,_! judgm5t ( ?is morbidly naturali/ic art 0 conclusively express$ by ! s5t5ce ( ,donatello1 :5 go+ "o morn+ into ! ,old ,m>ket1 to buy fruit1 & f9d+ ! animal pa9t] uncov]+ a picture1 :i* _h co/ him mon?s ( c>e1 7curi\sly symbolic 9 its subject1 ! infidelity ( ,/4 ,?omas1 ( ! inve/igatory f+]+ ( ! natural hi/orian17 ,paul1 my fri5d1 said ,donatello1 ?\ art uncov]+ ! picture j :5 ?\ %\ld/ be %utt+ x up4 #ac4 ,no h>m1 !re=e1 ,i repeat1 b1 on ! contr>y1 "s :olesome /imulus to ! fancy ( m5 l ,luca & ,donatello !mselves1 came ( ! grotesque & imp]t95t zoology ( ,uccello4 ,b ! fatale/ in/itutor ( pr\d mod]n anatomical & sci5tific art1 & ( all t has pollut$ ! dignity1 & d>k5$ ! *>ity1 ( ! great] ages1 0 ,antonio ,pollajuolo ( ,flor5ce4 ,antonio 7t is to say7 ! ,p\lt]]--s nam$ f ! trade ( 8 gr&fa!r1 & ) j s mu* ( 8 gr&fa!r's trade left 9 8 own disposition1 t be+ set by ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti to complete "o ( ! ornam5tal fe/oons ( ! gates ( ! ,flor5t9e ,bapti/]y1 !re1 7says ,vas>i7 ,antonio produc$ a quail1 :i* may /ill be se51 & is s beautiful1 nay1 s p]fect1 t x wants no?+ b ! p[] ( flight4 #ad4 ,"h1 ! morbid t5d5cy 0 z attractive z x 0 subtle4 ,ghib]ti himself fell "u ! influ5ce ( x2 all[$ ! bord]s ( 8 gates1 ) _! flutt]+ birds & bossy fruits1 to dispute ! spectators' favor ) ! religi\s subjects !y inclos$2 &1 f t day =w>d1 m9ut5ess & muscul>ity 71 ) curi\s h>mony ( evil1 delight$ 9 toge!r2 & ! lancet & ! microscope1 9 ! h&s ( fools1 7 suppos$ to be complete sub/itutes = imag9ation 9 ! s\ls ( wise m53 s t ev5 ! be/ arti/s are gradually compell$1 or beguil$1 into compliance ) ! curiosity ( _! day2 & ,francia1 9 ! city ( ,bologna1 is held to be a k9d ( god1 m p>ticul>ly 7aga9 ,i quote ,vas>i7 aft] he _h pa9t$ a set ( cap>isons = ! ,duke ( ,urb9o1 on :i* he depict$ a great =e/ all on fire1 & :5ce !re ru%es =? an imm5se numb] ( e k9d ( animal1 ) sev]al human figures4 ,?is t]rific1 yet truly beautiful repres5tation1 0 all ! m highly e/eem$ = ! "t t _h be5 exp5d$ on x 9 ! plumage ( ! birds1 & o!r m9uti 9 ! del9eation ( ! diff]5t animals1 & 9 ! div]sity ( ! bran*es & leaves ( ! v>i\s trees se5 !re92 & !nce=w>d ! cata/rophe is direct1 to ! orni?ological museums :i* ,breughel pa9t$ = g>d5s ( ,ed51 & to ! /ill life & dead game ( ,dut* celebrities4 #ae4 ,& yet ,i am go+ to invite y to-day to exam9e1 d[n to almo/ microscopic detail1 ! aspect ( a small bird1 & to invite y to d ?is1 z a mo/ exp$i5t & sure /ep 9 y\r /udy ( ! greate/ art4 ,b ! diff]5ce 9 our motive ( exam9ation w entirely alt] ! result4 ,to pa9t birds t we may %[ h[ m9utely we c pa9t1 is among ! mo/ contemptible occupations ( art4 ,to pa9t !m1 t we may %[ h[ beautiful !y are1 is n inde$ "o ( its highe/1 b q "o ( its pleasante/ & mo/ useful2 x is a skill )9 ! rea* ( e /ud5t ( av]age capacity1 & :i*1 s f> z acquir$1 w assur$ly bo? make _! he>ts k9d]1 & _! lives happi]4 ,)\t fur!r preamble1 ,i w ask y to look to-day1 m c>efully ?an usual1 at y\r well-kn[n favorite1 & to ?9k ab\t him ) "s precision4 #af4 ,& fir/1 ,:]e does he come f8 ,i /at$ t my lectures 7 to be on ,engli% & ,greek birds2 b we are apt to fancy ! rob9 all our own4 ,h[ exclusively1 d y suppose1 he really belongs to u8 ,y w\ld ?9k ?is 0 ! fir/ po9t to be settl$ 9 any book ab\t him4 ,i h hunt$ all my books ?r\gh1 & c't tell y h[ mu* he is our own1 or h[ f> he is a travel]4 ,&1 inde$1 are n all our ideas obscure ab\t migration itself8 ,y are broadly told t a bird travels1 & h[ wond]ful x is t x f9ds its way2 b y are sc>cely ev] told1 or l$ to ?9k1 :at x really travels =--:e!r = food1 = w>m?1 or = seclusion--& h[ ! travel+ is connect$ ) its fix$ home4 ,birds h n _! t[n & c\ntry h\ses1--_! villas 9 ,italy1 & %oot+ boxes 9 ,scotl&4 ,! c\ntry 9 :i* !y build _! ne/s is _! prop] home1--! c\ntry1 t is to say1 9 :i* !y pass ! spr+ & summ]4 ,!n !y g s\? 9 ! w9t]1 = food & w>m?2 b 9 :at l9es1 & by :at /ages8 ,! g5]al def9ition ( a migrant 9 ?is hemisph]e is a bird t goes nor? to build its ne/1 & s\? = ! w9t]2 b1 !n1 ! "o ess5tial po9t to "k ab\t x is ! bread? & latitude ( ! zone x prop]ly inhabits1--t is to say1 9 :i* x builds its ne/2 next1 its habits ( life1 & ext5t & l9e ( s\?+ 9 ! w9t]2 & f9ally1 its mann] ( travel+4 #ag4 ,n[1 "h is ?is entirely famili> bird1 ! rob94 ,q ! fir/ ?+ t /rikes me ab\t x1 look+ at x z a pa9t]1 is ! small effect x seems to h _h on ! m9ds ( ! s\!rn nations4 ,i trace no?+ ( x def9itely1 ei!r 9 ! art or lit]ature ( ,greece or ,italy4 ,i f9d1 ev51 no def9ite "n = x2 y don't "k if ,lesbia's pass] _h a r$ brea/1 or a blue1 or a br[n4 ,& yet ,mr4 ,g\ld says x is abundant 9 all p>ts ( ,europe1 9 all ! isl&s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & 9 ,madeira & ! ,azores4 ,& !n he says--7n[ notice ! puzzle ( ?is71--,9 _m p>ts ( ! ,cont95t x is a migrant1 &1 contr>y to :at obta9s ) u1 is !re treat$ z a vagrant1 = !re is sc>cely a c\ntry across ! wat] 9 :i* x is n %ot d[n & eat54 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! ,cont95t x is a migrant4 ,9 :at p>ts--h[ f>--9 :at mann]8 #ah4 ,9 none ( ! old natural hi/ory books c ,i f9d any acc\nt ( ! rob9 z a travel]1 b !re is1 = once1 "s suffici5t reason = _! retic5ce4 ,he has a curi\s fancy 9 8 mann] ( travel+4 ,( all birds1 y w\ld ?9k he 0 likely to d x 9 ! *e]fule/ way1 & he does x 9 ! sadde/4 ,d y *ance to h read1 9 ! ,life ( ,*>les ,dick5s1 h[ fond he 0 ( tak+ long walks 9 ! night & alone8 ,! rob91 en voyage1 is ! ,*>les ,dick5s ( birds4 ,he always travels 9 ! night1 & alone2 re/s1 9 ! day1 :]ev] day *ances to f9d him2 s+s a little1 & pret5ds he hasn't be5 any:]e4 ,he goes z f>1 9 ! w9t]1 z ! nor?-we/ ( ,africa2 & 9 ,lomb>dy1 arrives f ! s\? e>ly 9 ,m>*2 b does n /ay long1 go+ on into ! ,alps1 :]e he pref]s wood$ & wild di/ricts4 ,s1 at lea/1 says my ,lomb>d in=mant4 ,i d n f9d him nam$ 9 ! li/ ( ,cretan birds2 b ev5 if (t5 se51 8 dim r$ brea/ 0 little likely to make mu* impression on ! ,greeks1 :o knew ! flam+o1 & _h made x1 "u ! "n ( ,pho5ix or ,pho5icopt]us1 ! c5t] ( _! my?s ( sc>let birds4 ,!y broadly embrac$ ! g5]al aspect ( ! small] & m obscure species1 "u ! t]m ,greek3 xon?os1 :i*1 z ,i und]/& _! use ( x1 exactly implies ! indescribable silky br[n1 ! gr\ndwork ( all o!r color 9 s _m small birds1 :i* is indi/9ct among gre5 leaves1 & absolutely id5tifies itself ) dead ones1 or ) mossy /ems4 #ai4 ,i ?9k ,i %[ x y m accurately 9 ! rob9's back ?an ,i c\ld 9 any o!r bird2 its mode ( transition into m brilliant color is1 9 him1 elem5t>ily simple2 & al?\gh !re is no?+1 or r because !re is no?+1 9 8 plumage1 ( int]e/ l t ( tropical birds1 or ev5 ( our own game-birds1 ,i ?9k x w be desirable = y to le>n fir/ f ! brea/ ( ! rob9 :at a fea!r is4 ,once kn[+ t1 ?or\ghly1 we c fur!r le>n f ! swall[ :at a w+ is2 f ! *\gh :at a beak is2 & f ! falcon :at a claw is4 ,i mu/ take c>e1 h[ev]1 9 nei!r ( ^! la/ two p>ticul>s1 to d inju/ice to our little ,engli% fri5d "h2 & be=e we come to 8 fea!rs1 mu/ ask y to look at 8 bill & 8 feet4 #bj4 ,i d n ?9k x is di/9ctly en\gh felt by u t ! beak ( a bird is n only its m\?1 b its h&1 or r its two h&s4 ,=1 z its arms & h&s are turn$ into w+s1 all x has to dep5d ^u1 9 economical & practical life1 is its beak4 ,! beak1 !re=e1 is at once its sword1 its c>p5t]'s tool-box1 & its dress+-case2 p>tly also its musical in/rum5t2 all ?is besides its function ( seiz+ & prep>+ ! food1 9 :i* functions alone x has to be a trap1 c>v+-knife1 & tee?1 all 9 "o4 #ba4 ,x is ?is ne$ ( ! beak's be+ a me*anical tool :i* *iefly regulates ! =m ( a bird's face1 z oppos$ to a f\r-foot$ animal's4 ,if ! "q ( food 7 ! only "o1 we might wond] :y !re 7 n m f\r-foot$ creatures liv+ on se$s ?an !re are2 or :y ^? t d--field-mice & ! l--h n beaks in/ead ( tee?4 ,b ! fact is t a bird's beak is by no means a p]fect eat+ or food-seiz+ in/rum5t4 ,a squirrel is f> m dext]\s ) a nut ?an a cockatoo2 & a dog manages a bone incomp>ably bett] ?an an eagle4 ,b ! beak has to d s mu* m6 ,prun+ fea!rs1 build+ ne/s1 & ! incessant discipl9e 9 milit>y arts1 are all to be ?\ght (1 z mu* z fe$+4 ,soldi]%ip1 especially1 is a mu* m imp]i\s necessity among birds ?an quadrup$s4 ,nei!r lions nor wolves habitually use claws or tee? 9 conte/ ) _! own species2 b birds1 = _! p>tn]s1 _! ne/s1 _! hunt+-gr\nds1 & _! p]sonal dignity1 are ne>ly always 9 cont5tion2 _! c\rage is unequal$ by t ( any o!r race ( animals capable ( compreh5d+ dang]2 & _! p]t9acity & endurance h1 9 all ages1 made !m an example to ! brave1 & an amusem5t to ! base1 among mank9d4 #bb4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce z sword1 z tr[el1 or z pocket-comb1 ! beak ( ! bird has to be po9t$1 ! collection ( se$s may be conv5i5tly intru/$ to ?is o!rwise p5etrative in/rum5t1 & su* food z c only be obta9$ by prob+ crevices1 splitt+ op5 fissures1 or neatly & m9utely pick+ ?+s up1 is allott$1 pre-em95tly1 to ! bird species4 ,! food ( ! rob91 z y "k1 is v miscellane\s4 ,l9nu says ( ! ,sw$i% "o1 t x is delectatus euonymi baccis1--delight$ ) dogwood b]ries1--! dogwood gr[+ abundantly 9 ,sw$51 z once 9 ,=f>%ire1 :]e x grew1 ?\gh only a bu% usually 9 ! s\?1 ) trunks a foot or eighte5 in*es 9 diamet]1 & ! tree ?irty feet high4 ,b ! ,sw$i% rob9's ta/e = its b]ries is to be not$ by y1 because1 fir/1 ! dogwood b]ry is commonly said to be s bitt] t x is n eat5 by birds 7,l\don1 ,arboretum1 ii41 #dig1 #a472 &1 secondly1 because x is a pretty co9cid5ce t ?is mo/ famili> ( h\sehold birds %\ld fe$ fondly f ! tree :i* gives ! h\sewife h] sp9dle1--! prop] "n ( ! dogwood 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man be+ alike ,sp9dle-tree4 ,x fe$s1 h[ev]1 ) u1 c]ta9ly1 mo/ on worms & insects4 ,i am n sure h[ f> ! foll[+ acc\nt ( its mode ( dress+ its d9n]s may be dep5d$ on3 ,i take x f an old book on ,natural ,hi/ory1 b f9d x1 m or less1 confirm$ by o!rs3 ,x takes a worm by "o extremity 9 its beak1 & beats x on ! gr\nd till ! inn] "p comes away4 ,!n seiz+ x 9 a simil> mann] by ! o!r end1 x entirely cleanses ! out] "p1 :i* alone x eats4 ,"o's fir/ impression is t ?is mu/ be a s+ul>ly unpleasant op]ation = ! worm1 h[ev] fa/idi\sly delicate & exempl>y 9 ! rob94 ,b ,i suppose ! real mean+ is1 t z a worm lives by pass+ e>? ?r\gh its body1 ! rob9 m]ely compels x to quit ?is--n ill-gott51 inde$1 b n[ q unnecess>y--weal?4 ,we human creatures1 :o h liv$ ! lives ( worms1 collect+ du/1 are s]v$ by ,dea? 9 exactly ! same mann]4 #bc4 ,y w f9d t ! rob9's beak1 !n1 is a v prettily repres5tative "o ( g5]al bird p[]4 ,z a weapon1 x is v =midable inde$2 he c kill an adv]s>y ( 8 own k9d ) "o bl[ ( x 9 ! ?roat2 & is s pugnaci\s1 valde pugnax1 says ,l9nu1 ut non una arbor duos capiat eri?acos1--no s+le tree c hold two cock-rob9s2 & = precision ( seizure1 ! little flat hook at ! end ( ! upp] m&ible is "o ( ! mo/ delicately =m$ po9ts ( =ceps :i* y c f9d among ! gra9 eat]s4 ,b ,i pass to "o ( 8 m special p]fections4 #bd4 ,he is v notable 9 ! exquisite sil5ce & precision ( 8 movem5ts1 z oppos$ to birds :o ei!r creak 9 fly+1 or waddle 9 walk+4 ,always quiet1 says ,g\ld1 = ! silk9ess ( 8 plumage r5d]s 8 movem5ts noiseless1 & ! ru/l+ ( 8 w+s is nev] he>d1 any m ?an 8 tread on e>?1 ov] :i* he b\nds ) amaz+ sprightl9ess4 ,y "k h[ mu* importance ,i h always giv51 among ! f9e arts1 to good danc+4 ,if y ?9k ( x1 y w f9d "o ( ! rob9's v *ief +ratiatory faculties is 8 da9ty & delicate movem5t1--8 foot+ x featly "h & !re4 ,:atev] prett9ess !re may be 9 8 r$ brea/1 at 8 brighte/ he c always be out%one by a brickbat4 ,b if he is rationally pr\d ( any?+ ab\t him1 ,i %\ld ?9k a rob9 mu/ be pr\d ( 8 legs4 ,hundr$s ( birds h long] & m impos+ ones--b = real neatness1 f9i%1 & precision ( action1 comm5d me to 8 f9e little ankles1 & f9e little feet2 ?is long /ilt$ process1 z y "k1 correspond+ to our ankle-bone4 ,comm5d me1 ,i say1 to ! rob9 = use ( 8 ankles--he is1 ( all birds1 ! pre-em95t & *>act]i/ic ,hopp]2 none o!r s light1 s p]t1 or s swift4 #be4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 give too mu* cr$it to 8 legs 9 ?is matt]4 ,a rob9's hop is half a flight2 he hops1 v ess5tially1 ) w+s & tail1 z well z ) 8 feet1 & ! exquisitely rapid op5+ & quiv]+ ( ! tail-fea!rs c]ta9ly give half ! =ce to 8 leap4 ,x is 9 ?is action t he is put among ! motacillae1 or wagtails2 b ! orni?ologi/s h no real bus9ess to put him among !m4 ,! sw+ ( ! long tail fea!rs 9 ! true wagtail is entirely consequ5t on its motion1 n impulsive ( x--! tremul\s %ake is aft] alight+4 ,b ! rob9 leaps ) w+1 tail1 & foot1 all 9 "t1 & all help+ ea* o!r4 ,leaps1 ,i say2 & y *eck at ! ^w2 & ought to *eck3 y look at a bird hopp+1 & ! motion is s mu* a matt] ( c\rse1 y nev] ?9k h[ x is done4 ,b d y ?9k y w\ld f9d x easy to hop l a rob9 if y _h two--all b wood5--legs1 l ?is8 #bf4 ,i h look$ :olly 9 va9 ?r\gh all my books on birds1 to f9d "s acc\nt ( ! muscles x uses 9 hopp+1 & ( ! "p ( ! toes ) :i* ! spr+ is giv54 ,i mu/ leave y to f9d out t = y\rselves2 x is a little bit ( anatomy :i* ,i ?9k x highly desirable = y to "k1 b :i* x is n my bus9ess to tea* y4 ,only obs]ve1 ?is is ! po9t to be made out4 ,y leap y\rselves1 ) ! toe & ball ( ! foot2 b1 9 t p[] ( leap+1 y lose ! faculty ( grasp2 on ! contr>y1 ) y\r h&s1 y grasp z a bird ) its feet4 ,b y _c hop on y\r h&s4 ,a cat1 a leop>d1 & a monkey1 leap or grasp ) equal ease2 b ! action ( _! paws 9 leap+ is1 ,i imag9e1 f ! fle%y ball ( ! foot2 :ile 9 ! bird1 *>act]i/ically ,greek3 gampsnux1 ?is fle%y ball is r$uc$ to a boss or s]ies ( bosses1 & ! nails are elongat$ into sickles or horns2 nor does ! spr++ p[] seem to dep5d on ! developm5t ( ! bosses4 ,!y are f> m develop$ 9 an eagle ?an a rob92 b y "k h[ unp>donably & prepo/]\sly awkw>d an eagle is :5 he hops4 ,:5 !y are mo/ ( all develop$1 ! bird walks1 runs1 & digs well1 b leaps badly4 #bg4 ,i h no "t to speak ( ! v>i\s =ms ( ! ankle itself1 or ( ! scales ( armor1 m app>5t ?an real1 by :i* ! foot & ankle are protect$4 ,! use ( ?is lecture is n ei!r to describe or to exhibit ^! v>ieties to y1 b s to awak5 y\r att5tion to ! real po9ts ( "*1 t1 :5 y h a bird's foot to draw1 y may d s ) intellig5ce & pleasure1 kn[+ :e!r y want to express =ce1 grasp1 or firm gr\nd pressure1 or dext]ity & tact 9 motion4 ,& z ! actions ( ! foot & ! h& 9 man are made by e great pa9t] p]fectly expressive ( ! "* ( m9d1 s ! expressions ( rapacity1 cruelty1 or =ce ( seizure1 9 ! h>py1 ! gryphon1 & ! hook$ & claw$ evil spirits ( e>ly religi\s art1 c only be felt by extreme att5tion to ! orig9al =m4 #bh4 ,& n[ ,i return to our ma9 "q1 = ! rob9's brea/ to answ]1 ,:at is a fea!r8 ,y "k some?+ ab\t x already2 t x is compos$ ( a quill1 ) its lat]al filam5ts t]m9at+ g5]ally1 m or less1 9 a po9t2 t ^! extremities ( ! quills1 ly+ ov] ea* o!r l ! tiles ( a h\se1 all[ ! w9d & ra9 to pass ov] !m ) ! lea/ possible resi/ance1 & =m a protection alike f ! heat & ! cold2 :i*1 9 /ructure mu* resembl+ ! scale-armor assum$ by man = v diff]5t objects1 is1 9 fact1 int]m$iate1 exactly1 betwe5 ! fur ( bea/s & ! scales ( fi%es2 hav+ ! m9ute division ( ! "o1 & ! armor-l symmetry & succession ( ! o!r4 #bi4 ,n m]ely symmetry1 obs]ve1 b extreme flatness4 ,fea!rs are smoo!d d[n1 z a field ( corn by w9d ) ra92 only ! swa!s laid 9 beautiful ord]4 ,!y are fur1 s /ructurally plac$ z to imply1 & submit to1 ! p]petually swift =w>d motion4 ,9 fact1 ,i h no d\bt ! ,d>w9ian !ory on ! subject is t ! fea!rs ( birds once /uck up all erect1 l ! bri/les ( a bru%1 & h only be5 bl[n flat by cont9ual fly+4 ,nay1 we might ev5 suffici5tly repres5t ! g5]al mann] ( conclusion 9 ! ,d>w9ian sy/em by ! /atem5t t if y fa/5 a hair-bru% to a mill-:eel1 ) ! h&le =w>d1 s z to develop itself into a neck by mov+ always 9 ! same direction1 & )9 cont9ual he>+ ( a /eam-:i/le1 aft] a c]ta9 numb] ( revolutions ! hair-bru% w fall 9 love ) ! :i/le2 !y w m>ry1 lay an egg1 & ! produce w be a night+ale4 #cj4 ,:e!r1 h[ev]1 a hog's bri/le c turn into a fea!r or n1 x is vital t y %\ld "k ! pres5t diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,! sci5tific p w tell y t a fea!r is compos$ ( ?ree p>ts--! d[n1 ! lam91 & ! %aft4 ,b ! common-s5se me?od ( /at+ ! matt] is t a fea!r is compos$ ( two p>ts1 a %aft ) lat]al filam5ts4 ,= ! great] "p ( ! %aft's l5g?1 ^! filam5ts are /rong & ne>ly /raight1 =m+1 by _! atta*m5t1 a f9ely w>p$ sail1 l t ( a w9d-mill4 ,b t[>ds ! root ( ! fea!r !y sudd5ly become weak1 & confus$ly flexible1 & =m ! close d[n :i* imm$iately protects ! bird's body4 ,to %[ y ! typical arrangem5t ( ^! p>ts1 ,i *oose1 z ,i h said1 ! rob92 because1 bo? 9 8 p[] ( fly+1 & 9 8 color1 he is a mod]ate & balanc$ bird2--n turn$ into no?+ b w+s1 l a swall[1 or no?+ b neck & tail1 l a peacock4 ,& fir/ = 8 fly+ p[]4 ,!re is "o ( ! long fea!rs ( rob9's w+1 & "h 7,fig4 #a7 ! analysis ( its =m4 #ca4 ,fir/1 9 pure outl9e 7,a71 se5 f above1 x is v ne>ly a long oval1 b ) ?is peculi>ity1 t x has1 z x 71 project+ %\ld]s at a #a & a #b4 ,i m]ely desire y to obs]ve ?is1 9 pass+1 because "o usually ?9ks ( ! cont\r z sweep+ unbrok5 f ! root to ! po9t4 ,i h n "t to-day to ent] on any discussion ( ! reason = x1 :i* w appe> :5 we exam9e ! plac+ ( ! w+ fea!rs = _! /roke4 ,n[1 ,i hope y are gett+ accu/om$ to ! g5]al me?od 9 :i* ,i give y ! analysis ( all =ms--leaf1 or fea!r1 or %ell1 or limb4 ,fir/1 ! plan2 !n ! pr(ile2 !n ! cross-section4 ,i take next1 ! pr(ile ( my fea!r 7,b1 ,fig4 #a71 & f9d t x is twi/$ z ! sail ( a w9dmill is1 b m di/9ctly1 s t y c always see ! upp] surface ( ! fea!r at its root1 & ! "u at its end4 ,e prim>y w+-fea!r1 9 ! f9e fly]s1 is ?us twi/$2 & is be/ describ$ z a sail /rik+ ) ! p[] ( a cimet]1 b ) ! flat in/ead ( ! edge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 7,twice ! size ( reality47 ,a a #a a #b ,b #cb4 ,fur!r1 y rememb] t on ! edges ( ! broad side ( fea!rs y f9d always a s]ies ( undulations1 irregul>ly sequ5t1 & lapp+ ov] ea* o!r l waves on s&4 ,y might at fir/ imag9e t ?is appe>ance 0 ow+ to a slight ruffl+ or disord] ( ! filam5ts2 b x is entirely normal1 &1 ,i d\bt n1 s con/ruct$1 9 ord] to insure a r$undance ( mat]ial 9 ! plume1 s t no accid5t or pressure f w9d may leave a gap any:]e4 ,h[ ?is r$undance is obta9$ y w see 9 a mom5t by b5d+ any fea!r ! wrong way4 ,b5d1 = in/ance1 ?is plume1 ,b1 ,fig4 #b1 into ! rev]s$ curve1 ,a1 ,fig4 #b2 !n all ! filam5ts ( ! plume become p]fectly ev51 & !re are no waves at ! edge4 ,b let ! plume return into its prop] =m1 ,b1 & ! tissue be+ n[ contract$ into a small] space1 ! edge waves are =m$ 9 x in/antly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,a ,b ,hi!rto1 ,i h be5 speak+ only ( ! filam5ts arrang$ = ! /r5g? & cont9uity ( ! en]getic plume2 !y are entirely diff]5t :5 !y are set toge!r = decoration in/ead ( =ce4 ,aft] ! fea!r ( ! rob9's w+1 let u exam9e "o f 8 brea/4 #cc4 ,i said1 j n[1 he might be at once out%one by a brickbat4 ,inde$1 ! day be=e ye/]day1 sleep+ at ,li*field1 & see+1 ! fir/ ?+ :5 ,i woke 9 ! morn+1 7= ,i nev] put d[n ! bl9ds ( my b$room w9d[s17 ! n uncommon sight 9 an ,engli% c\ntry t[n ( an entire h\se-front ( v neat1 & v flat1 & v r$ bricks1 ) v exactly squ>$ squ>e w9d[s 9 x2 & n feel+ myself 9 anywise gratifi$ or improv$ by ! spectacle1 ,i 0 ?9k+ h[ 9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r good1 ! too mu* de/roy$ all4 ,! bread? ( a rob9's brea/ 9 brick-r$ is delici\s1 b a :ole h\se-front ( brick-r$ z vivid1 is al>m+4 ,& yet "o _c g5]alize ev5 t trite moral ) any safety--= inf9ite bread? ( gre5 is delightful1 h[ev] gre52 & ( sea or sky1 h[ev] blue4 ,y mu/ note1 h[ev]1 t ! rob9's *>m is greatly help$ by ! pretty space ( gray plumage :i* sep>ates ! r$ f ! br[n back1 & sets x (f to its be/ advantage4 ,!re is no great brilliancy 9 x1 ev5 s reliev$2 only ! f9i% ( x is exquisite4 #cd4 ,if y sep>ate a s+le fea!r1 y w f9d x m l a transp>5t holl[ %ell ?an a fea!r 7s delicately r\nd$ ! surface ( x71--gray at ! root1 :]e ! d[n is1--t+$1 & only t+$1 ) r$ at ! "p t ov]laps & is visible2 s t1 :5 ?ree or f\r m fea!rs h ov]lapp$ x aga91 all toge!r1 ) _! jo9$ r$1 are j en\gh to give ! color det]m9$ ^u1 ea* ( !m contribut+ a t+e4 ,!re are ab\t ?irty ( ^! gl[+ filam5ts on ea* side1 7! :ole be+ no l>g] across ?an a well-gr[n currant17 & ea* ( ^! is itself ano!r exquisite fea!r1 ) c5tral quill & lat]al webs1 ^: filam5ts are n to be c\nt$4 ,! extremity ( ^! brea/ plumes p>ts slightly into two1 z y see 9 ! peacock's1 & _m o!r su* decorative ones4 ,! transition f ! entirely leaf-l %ape ( ! active plume1 ) its oblique po9t1 to ! m or less symmetrical dualism ( ! decorative plume1 corresponds ) ! *ange f ! po9t$ gre5 leaf to ! dual1 or he>t-%ap$1 petal ( _m fl[]s4 ,i %all return to ?is "p ( our subject1 hav+ giv5 y1 ,i believe1 en\gh ( detail = ! pres5t4 #ce4 ,i h said no?+ to-day ( ! my?ology ( ! bird1 ?\gh ,i told y t w\ld always be1 = u1 ! mo/ important "p ( its natural hi/ory4 ,b ,i am oblig$1 sometimes1 to take :at we imm$iately want1 r ?an :at1 ultimately1 we %all ne$ *iefly4 ,9 ! second place1 y probably1 mo/ ( y1 "k m ( ! my?ology ( ! rob9 ?an ,i d1 = ! /ories ab\t x are all nor!rn1 & ,i "k sc>cely any my?s b ! ,italian & ,greek4 ,y w f9d "u ! "n ,rob91 9 ,miss ,yonge's exhau/ive & admirable ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian ,names1 ! v>i\s titles ( honor & ende>m5t connect$ ) him1 & ) ! g5]al idea ( r$ness1--f ! bi%op call$ ,bright ,r$ ,fame1 :o f\nd$ ! fir/ great ,*ri/ian *ur* on ! ,rh9e1 7,i am afraid ( y\r ?9k+ ,i mean a pun1 9 connection ) rob9s1 if ,i tell y ! locality ( x17 d[n ?r\gh ! ,hoods1 & ,roys1 & ,grays1 to ,rob9 ,goodfell[1 & ,sp5s]'s ,hobb9ol1 & our mod]n ,hob1--jo9+ on to ! gobl91 :i* comes f ! old ,greek ,greek3 ,kobalos4 ,b ,i _c let y g )\t ask+ y to comp>e ! ,engli% & ,fr5* feel+ ab\t small birds1 9 ,*auc]'s "t1 ) our own on ! same subject4 ,i say ,engli% & ,fr5*1 because ! orig9al ,fr5* ( ! ,romance ( ! ,rose %[s m affection = birds ?an ev5 ,*auc]'s translation1 passionate z he is1 always1 9 love = any "o ( 8 little w+$ bro!rs or si/]s4 ,look1 h[ev]1 ei!r 9 ! ,fr5* or ,engli% at ! description ( ! com+ ( ! ,god ( ,love1 lead+ 8 c>ol-dance1 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,rose4 ,8 dress is embroid]$ ) figures ( fl[]s & ( bea/s2 b ab\t him fly ! liv+ birds4 ,! ,fr5* is3 ,il etoit t\t conv]t d'oisiaulx ,de rossignols et de papegaux ,de cal5dre1 et de mesangel4 ,il semblait que ce fut une angle ,qui fuz t\t droit v5uz du ciel4 #cf4 ,!re are sev]al po9ts ( philology 9 ?is transitional ,fr5*1 & 9 ,*auc]'s translation1 :i* x is well wor? y\r pati5ce to obs]ve4 ,! monki% ,lat9 angelus1 y see1 is pass+ ?r\gh ! v unpoetical =m angle1 into ange2 b1 9 ord] to get a rhyme ) x 9 t angul> =m1 ! ,fr5* tr\bad\r exp&s ! bird's "n1 mesange1 q arbitr>ily1 into mesangel4 ,!n ,*auc]1 n lik+ ! mes at ! beg9n+ ( ! ^w1 *anges t unscrupul\sly into ar*2 & ga!rs 91 ?\gh too %ortly1 a lovely bit f ano!r place ab\t ! night+ales fly+ s close r\nd ,love's head t !y /rike "s ( ! leaves (f 8 cr[n ( roses2 s t ! ,engli% runs ?us3 ,b night+ales1 a full great r\t ,t fli5 ov] 8 head ab\t1 ,! leaves feld5 z !y fli5 ,& he 0 all ) birds wri51 ,) pop9jay1 ) night+ale1 ,) *elaundre1 & ) wodewale1 ,) f9*1 ) l>k1 & ) ar*angel4 ,he seem$ z he 7 an angell1 ,t d[n 7 com5 f ,heav5 cle>4 ,n[1 :5 ,i fir/ read ?is bit ( ,*auc]1 )\t ref]r+ to ! orig9al1 ,i 0 greatly delight$ to f9d t !re 0 a bird 9 8 "t call$ an ar*angel1 & set to "w1 ) brightly hopeful indu/ry1 to f9d out :at x 04 ,i 0 a little discomfit$ by f9d+ t 9 old botany ! ^w only meant dead-nettle1 b 0 /ill sangu9e ab\t my bird1 till ,i f\nd ! ,fr5* =m desc5d1 z y h se51 into a mesangel1 & f9ally into mesange1 :i* is a prov9cialism f ,greek3 meion1 & means1 ! smalle/ ( birds--or1 specially "h1--a titm\se4 ,i h seldom _h a less expect$ or m ignom9i\s fall f ! cl\ds4 #cg4 ,! o!r birds1 nam$ "h & 9 ! previ\s description ( ! g>d51 are introduc$1 z f> z ,i c judge1 ne>ly at r&om1 & ) no precision ( imag9ation l t ( ,ari/ophanes2 b ) a sweet *ildi% delight 9 cr[d+ z _m birds z possible into ! smalle/ space4 ,! pop9jay is always prom95t2 & ,i want "s ( y to help me 7= ,i h n "t at pres5t = ! *ase7 9 hunt+ ! p>rot d[n on 8 fir/ appe>ance 9 ,europe4 ,j at ?is p>ticul> "t he conte/$ favor ev5 ) ! falcon2 & ,i ?9k x a piece ( good =tune t ,i *anc$ to draw = y1 ?9k+ only ( its brilliant color1 ! pop9jay1 :i* ,c>paccio all[s to be pres5t on ! grave occasion ( ,/4 ,george's baptiz+ ! pr9cess & h] fa!r4 #ch4 ,&1 inde$1 z soon z ! ,*ri/ian poets beg9 to speak ( ! s++ ( ! birds1 !y %[ !mselves 9 q a diff]5t mood f any t ev] occurs to a ,greek4 ,ari/ophanes1 ) inf9itely m skill1 describes1 & p>tly imitates1 ! s++ ( ! night+ale2 b simply z beautiful s\nd4 ,x fills ! ?ickets ) honey2 & if 9 ! (t5-quot$--j because x is n *>act]i/ic ( ,greek lit]ature--passage ( ! ,coloneus1 a deep] s5tim5t is %[n1 t feel+ is dep5d5t on association ( ! bird-voices ) deeply pa!tic circum/ances4 ,b ?is tr\bad\r f9ds 8 he>t 9 heav5 by ! p[] ( ! s++ only3-- ,trop p>foisai5t beau s]vise ,ciz oiselles que je v\s devise4 ,il *antai5t un *ant ytel ,com fuss5t angle esp]itel4 ,we want a mom5t m ( ^w-*as+ to enjoy ?is4 ,oiseau1 z y "k1 comes f avis2 b x _h at ?is "t got oisel = its s+ul> numb]1 ( :i* ! t]m9at+ sel confus$ itself ) ! selle1 f ancilla 9 domisella & demoiselle2 & ! fem99e =m oiselle ?us snat*$ = itself "s ( ! delightfulness belong+ to ! title ( a "y lady4 ,!n note t esp]itel does n "h mean m]ely spiritual1 7because all angels are spiritual7 b an angle esp]itel is an angel ( ! air4 ,s t1 9 ,engli%1 we c\ld only express ! mean+ 9 "s su* fa%ion z ?is3-- ,!y p]fect$ all _! s]vice ( love1 ,^! maid5 birds t ,i tell y (4 ,!y sang su* a song1 s f9i%$-fair1 ,z if !y 7 angels1 born ( ! air4 #ci4 ,su* 7 ! fancies1 !n1 & ! sc5es1 9 :i* ,engli%m5 took delight 9 ,*auc]'s "t4 ,engl& 0 !n a simple c\ntry2 we boa/$1 = ! be/ k9d ( ri*es1 our birds & trees1 & our wives & *ildr54 ,we _h n[ gr[n to be a ri* "o2 & our fir/ pleasure is 9 %oot+ our birds2 b x has become too exp5sive = u to keep our trees4 ,"l ,d]by1 ^: cre/ is ! eagle & *ild--y w f9d ! nor!rn "n = x1 ! bird & bantl+1 made classical by ,scott--is ! fir/ to propose t wood-birds %\ld h no m ne/s4 ,we mu/ cut d[n all our trees1 he says1 t we may effectively use ! /eam-pl[2 & ! effect ( ! /eam-pl[1 ,i f9d by a rec5t article 9 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e1 is t an ,engli% labor] mu/ n any m h a ne/1 nor bantl+s1 nei!r2 b may only expect to get on prosp]\sly 9 life1 if he be p]fectly skillful1 sob]1 & hone/1 & disp5ses1 at lea/ until he is =ty-five1 ) ! luxury ( m>riage4 #dj4 ,g5tlem51 y may p]haps h he>d me blam$ = mak+ no ef=t "h to tea* 9 ! artisans' s*ools4 ,b ,i c only say t1 s9ce ! future life ( ! ,engli% labor] or artisan 7summ+ ! b5efits to him ( rec5t philosophy & economy7 is to be pass$ 9 a c\ntry )\t angels & )\t birds1 )\t pray]s & )\t songs1 )\t trees & )\t fl[]s1 9 a /ate ( exempl>y sobriety1 & 7ext5d+ ! ,ca?olic celibacy ( ! cl]gy into celibacy ( ! laity7 9 a /ate ( disp5sation ) ! luxury ( m>riage1 ,i d n believe he w d]ive ei!r pr(it or ent]ta9m5t f lectures on ! ,f9e ,arts4 ,,lecture ,,ii4#h ,,! ,,swall[4 #da4 ,we are to-day to take note ( ! =m ( a creature :i* gives u a s+ul> example ( ! unity ( :at arti/s call beauty1 ) ! f95ess ( me*anical /ructure1 (t5 mi/ak5 = x4 ,y _c b h notic$ h[ little1 dur+ ! ye>s ( my pa/ pr(essor%ip1 ,i h introduc$ any que/ions z to ! nature ( beauty4 ,i avoid$ !m1 p>tly because !y are treat$ ( at l5g? 9 my books2 & p>tly because !y are1 9 ! la/ degree1 unpractical4 ,we are born to l or dislike c]ta9 aspects ( ?+s2 nor c\ld ,i1 by any argum5ts1 alt] ! def9$ ta/es :i* y receiv$ at y\r bir?1 & :i* ! surr\nd+ circum/ances ( life h en=c$1 )\t any possibility ( y\r volunt>y resi/ance to !m4 ,& ! result ( ^? surr\nd+ circum/ances1 to-day1 is t mo/ ,engli% y\?s w\ld h m pleasure 9 look+ at a locomotive ?an at a swall[2 & t _m ,engli% philosoph]s w\ld suppose ! pleasure s receiv$ to be ?r\gh a new s5se ( beauty4 ,b ! mean+ ( ! ^w beauty 9 ! f9e arts1 & 9 classical lit]ature1 is prop]ly re/rict$ to ^? v qualities 9 :i* ! locomotion ( a swall[ diff]s f t ( an eng9e4 #h ,deliv]$ at ,ox=d1 ,may #b;d1 #ahgc4 #db4 ,n only f t ( an eng9e2 b also f t ( animals 9 ^: memb]s ! me*anism is s complex z to give !m a resemblance to eng9es4 ,! d>t ( ! common h\se-fly1 = in/ance1 9 full /r5g?1 is a m wond]ful movem5t ?an t ( a swall[4 ,! me*anism ( x is n only m m9ute1 b ! swiftness ( ! action s mu* great]1 t ! vibration ( ! w+ is invisible4 ,b ?\gh a s*ool-boy might pref] ! locomotive to ! swall[1 he w\ld n c>ry 8 admiration ( f9ely me*anical velocity into unqualifi$ sympa?y ) ! workman%ip ( ! ,god ( ,ekron2 & w\ld g5]ally suppose t flies 7 made only to be food = ! m graceful fly-cat*]1--^: f9] grace y w discov]1 ^u reflection1 to be ow+ to ! v mod]ation & simplicity ( its /ructure1 & to ! subdu+ ( t inf9itude ( jo9ts1 claws1 tissues1 ve9s1 & fib]s :i* inconceivably vibrate 9 ! microscopic#i creature's motion1 to a q intelligible & simple balance ( r\nd$ body ^u edg$ plume1 ma9ta9$ n )\t visible1 & sometimes fatigu$1 ex]tion1 & rais+ ! l[] creature into fell[%ip ) ! volition & ! virtue ( humanity4 #i ,i call x s because ! memb]s & action ( x _c be se5 ) ! unaid$ eye4 #dc4 ,) ! virtue1 ,i say1 9 an exce$+ly qualifi$ s5se2 mean+ r ! /r5g? & art display$ 9 ov]com+ difficulties1 ?an any di/9ct morality ( disposition4 ,! bird has k9dly & homely qualities2 b its pr9cipal virtue = u1 is its be+ an inc>nate voracity1 & t x moves z a consum+ & cleans+ p[]4 ,y sometimes he> x said ( a humane p]son t !y w\ld n kill a fly3 f #gjj to #a1jjj flies a day are a mod]ate all[ance = a baby swall[4 #dd4 ,p]haps1 z ,i say ?is1 x may occur to "s ( y to ?9k1 = ! fir/ "t1 ( ! reason ( ! bird's "n4 ,= x is v int]e/+1 z a piece ( language /udy1 to consid] ! diff]5t p[] on our m9ds1--nay1 ! diff]5t sweetness to ! e>1--:i*1 f association1 ^! same two syllables receive1 :5 we read !m z a n\n1 or z a v]b4 ,also1 ! ^w is a curi\s in/ance ( ! traps :i* are cont9ually op5 = ra% etymologi/s4 ,at fir/1 no?+ w\ld appe> m natural ?an t ! "n %\ld h be5 giv5 to ! bird f its reckless function ( dev\r+4 ,b if y look to y\r ,johnson1 y w f9d1 to y\r bett] satisfaction1 t ! "n means bird ( porticos1 or por*es1 f ! ,go?ic swale2 subdivale1--s t he goes back 9 ?\ght z f> z ,virgil's1 ,et nunc porticibus vacuis1 nunc humida circum1 /agna sonat4 ,notice1 9 pass+1 h[ a simile ( ,virgil's1 or any o!r great ma/]'s1 w probably tell 9 two or m ways at once4 ,juturna is comp>$ to ! swall[1 n m]ely z w9d+ & turn+ swiftly 9 h] *>iot1 b z be+ a wat]-nymph by bir?1--,/agnis quae1 flum9ibusque sonoris1 praesidet4 ,h[ _m diff]5t creatures 9 "o ! swall[ is by bir?1 z a ,virgilian simile is _m ?\ghts 9 "o1 x w\ld take _m m lectures ?an "o to %[ y cle>ly2 b ,i w indicate !m ) su* r\gh sket* z is possible4 #de4 ,x belongs1 z mo/ ( y "k1 to a family ( birds call$ ,fissiro/res1 or1 lit]ally1 split-beaks4 ,split heads w\ld be a bett] t]m1 = x is ! enorm\s wid? ( m\? & p[] ( gap+ :i* ! epi!t is meant to express4 ,a dull s]mon1 = in/ance1 makes half ! congregation fissiro/res4 ,! bird1 h[ev]1 is mo/ vigilant :5 its m\? is wide/1 = x op5s z a net to cat* :atev] comes 9 its way1--h5ce ! ,fr5*1 giv+ ! :ole family ! m lit]al "n1 ,gobble-fly--,gobe-m\*e1 ext5d ! t]m to ! op5-m\!d & too acceptant appe>ance ( a simpleton4 #df4 ,p>tly 9 ord] to provide = ?is wid? ( m\?1 b m = ! advantage 9 flight1 ! head ( ! swall[ is r\nd$ into a bullet %ape1 & sunk d[n on ! %\ld]s1 ) no neck :atev] betwe51 s z to give ne>ly ! aspect ( a conical rifle bullet to ! entire front ( ! body2 &1 inde$1 ! bird moves m l a bullet ?an an arr[--dep5d5t on a c]ta9 impetus ( weight r ?an on %>p p5etration ( ! air4 ,i say dep5d5t on1 b ,i h n yet be5 able to trace di/9ct relation betwe5 ! %apes ( birds & _! p[]s ( flight4 ,i suppose ! =m ( ! body is fir/ det]m9$ by ! g5]al habits & food1 & t nature c make any =m %e *ooses volatile2 only "o po9t ,i ?9k is always notable1 t a complete ma/] ( ! art ( flight mu/ be %ort-neck$1 s t he turns altoge!r1 if he turns at all4 ,y don't expect a swall[ to look r\nd a corn] be=e he goes r\nd x2 he mu/ take 8 *ance4 ,! ma9 po9t is t he may be able to /op himself1 & turn1 9 a mom5t4 #dg4 ,! /opp+1 on any t]ms1 is difficult en\gh to und]/&2 nor less s1 ! orig9al ga9+ ( ! pace4 ,we always ?9k ( flight z if ! ma9 difficulty ( x 7 only 9 keep+ up 9 ! air2--b ! buoyancy is conceivable en\gh1 ! f> m wond]ful matt] is ! gett+ along4 ,y f9d x h>d "w to r[ y\rself at any?+ l spe$1 ?\gh y\r impulse-/roke is giv5 9 a heavy elem5t1 & y\r return-/roke 9 a light "o4 ,b bo? 9 birds & fi%es1 ! impell+ /roke & its return are 9 ! same elem5t2 & if1 = ! bird1 t m$ium yields easily to its impulses1 x sec$es z easily f ! bl[ t gives x4 ,& if y ?9k :at an ef=t y make to leap six feet1 ) ! e>? = a fulcrum1 ! d>t ei!r ( a tr\t or a swall[1 ) no fulcrum b ! wat] & air !y p5etrate1 w seem to y1 ,i ?9k1 greatly m>vel\s4 ,yet ( ! mode 9 :i* x is accompli%$ y w z yet f9d no undisput$ acc\nt 9 any book on natural hi/ory1 & sc>cely1 z f> z ,i "k1 def9ite notice ev5 ( ! rate ( flight4 ,:at d y suppose x is8 ,we are apt to ?9k ( ! migration ( a swall[1 z we %\ld ourselves ( a s]i\s j\rney4 ,h[ long1 d y ?9k1 x w\ld take him1 if he flew un9t]rupt$ly1 to get f "h to ,africa8 #dh4 ,mi*elet gives ! rate ( 8 flight 7at full spe$1 ( c\rse17 z eighty leagues an h\r4 ,i f9d no m s\nd au?ority2 b d n d\bt 8 approximate accuracy2#aj /ill h[ curi\s & h[ provok+ x is t nei!r ,:ite ( ,selborne1 ,bewick1 ,y>rell1 nor ,g\ld1 says a ^w ab\t ?is1 "o %\ld h ?\ght ! mo/ int]e/+1 p[] ( ! bird4#aa #aj ,i wrote ?is "s "t ago1 & ! endeavors ,i h s9ce made to v]ify /atem5ts on po9ts ( natural hi/ory :i* ,i _h tak5 on tru/ h giv5 me reason to d\bt ev]ybody's accuracy4 ,! ord9>y flight ( ! swall[ does n1 assur$ly1 ev5 9 ! da%es1 rea* any?+ l ?is spe$4 #aa ,incid5tally sugge/ive s5t5ces occur 9 ! hi/ory ( ,selborne1 b its au?or nev] comes to ! po9t1 9 ?is case4 ,tak+ ,mi*elet's e/imate--eighty ,fr5* leagues1 r\ghly two hundr$ & fifty miles1 an h\r--we h a ?\s& miles 9 f\r h\rs4 ,t is to say1 leav+ ,devon%ire aft] an e>ly breakfa/1 he c\ld be 9 ,africa to lun*4 #di4 ,he c\ld1 ,i say1 if 8 flight 7 con/ant2 b ?\gh !re is mu* inconsi/5cy 9 ! acc\nts1 ! sum ( te/imony seems def9ite t ! swall[ is among ! mo/ fatiguable ( birds4 ,:5 ! wea!r is hazy1 7,i quote ,y>rell7 !y w alight on fi%+-boats a league or two f l&1 s tir$ t :5 any "o tries to cat* !m1 !y c sc>cely fly f "o end ( ! boat to ! o!r4 ,i h no "t to read to y ! int]e/+ evid5ce on ?is po9t giv5 by ,y>rell1 b only t ( ! bro!r ( ,:ite ( ,selborne1 at ,gibralt>4 ,my bro!r has always f\nd1 he himself writes1 t "s ( 8 birds1 & p>ticul>ly ! swall[ k9d1 are v sp>+ ( _! pa9s 9 cross+ ! ,m$it]ranean2 = :5 arriv$ at ,gibralt>1 !y d n 'set =? _! airy c>avan1 high ov] seas1' b sc\t & hurry along 9 little deta*$ p>ties ( six or sev5 9 a company2 & sweep+ l[1 j ov] ! surface ( ! l& & wat]1 direct _! c\rse to ! opposite cont95t at ! n>r[e/ passage !y c f9d4 #ej4 ,y w obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t x rema9s an op5 "q :e!r ?is fe> ( sea may n be1 9 ! swall[1 l ours ( ! des]t4 ,! commiss>iat dep>tm5t is a s]i\s "o = birds t eat a ?\s& flies a day :5 j out ( ! egg2 & x is possible t ! we>9ess ( swall[s at sea may dep5d mu* m on fa/+ ?an fly+4 ,capta9 7or ,admiral87 ,sir ,*>les ,wag] says t "o spr+-"t1 z he came into s\nd+s 9 ! ,engli% ,*annel1 a great flock ( swall[s came & settl$ on all 8 rigg+2 e rope 0 cov]$2 !y hung on "o ano!r l a sw>m ( bees2 ev5 ! decks 7 fill$ ) !m4 ,!y seem$ almo/ fami%$ & sp5t1 & 7 only fea!rs & bone2 b1 be+ recruit$ ) a night's re/1 took _! flight 9 ! morn+4 #ea4 ,n[ ,i deta9 y on ?is po9t some:at1 because x is intimately connect$ ) a m important "o4 ,i told y we %\ld le>n f ! swall[ :at a w+ 04 ,few o!r birds approa* him 9 ! beauty ( x1 or app>5t p[]4 ,& yet1 aft] all ?is c>e tak5 ab\t x1 he gets tir$2 & in/ead ( fly+1 z we %\ld d 9 8 place1 all ov] ! _w1 & ta/+ ! flavor ( ! midges 9 e m>% :i* ! inf9itude ( human folly has left to bre$ gnats in/ead ( gr[+ corn1--he is ( all birds1 *>act]i/ically1 except :5 he absolutely c't help x1 ! /ay] at home2 & cont5t$ly lodges himself & 8 family 9 an old *imney1 :5 he might be fly+ all ov] ! _w4 ,at lea/ y w\ld ?9k1 if he built 9 an ,engli% *imney ?is ye>1 he w\ld build 9 a ,fr5* "o next4 ,b no4 ,mi*elet prettily says ( him1 ,he is ! bird ( return4 ,if y w only treat him k9dly1 ye> aft] ye>1 he comes back to ! same ni*e1 & to ! same he>?1 = 8 ne/4 ,to ! same ni*e2 & builds himself an opaque wall$ h\se )9 t4 ,?9k ( ?is a little1 z if y he>d ( x = ! fir/ "t4 #eb4 ,suppose y _h nev] se5 a swall[2 b t its g5]al habit ( life _h be5 describ$ to y1 & y _h be5 ask$1 h[ y ?\ght su* a bird w\ld build its ne/4 ,a creature1 obs]ve1 ^: life is to be pass$ 9 ! air2 ^: beak & ?roat are %ap$ ) ! f95ess ( a net = ! cat*+ ( gnats2 & ^: feet1 9 ! mo/ p]fect ( ! species1 are s feeble t x is call$ ! ,footless ,swall[1 & _c /& a mom5t on ! gr\nd ) com=t4 ,( all l& birds1 ! "o t has lea/ to d ) ! e>?2 ( all1 ! lea/ dispos$1 & ! lea/ able1 to /op to pick any?+ up4 ,:at w x build )8 ,gossam]1 we %\ld say1--?i/l$[n1--any?+ x c cat* float+1 l flies4 ,b x builds ) /iff clay4 #ec4 ,& obs]ve its *os5 place = build+ also4 ,y w\ld ?9k1 by its play 9 ! air1 t n only ( all birds1 b ( all creatures1 x mo/ delight$ 9 space & fre$om4 ,y w\ld fancy its notion ( ! place = a ne/ w\ld be ! op5e/ field x c\ld f9d2 t any?+ l conf9em5t w\ld be an agony to x2 t x w\ld almo/ expire ( horror at ! sight ( a black hole4 ,& its favorite home is d[n a *imney4 #ed4 ,n = y\r he>?'s sake1 nor = y\r company's4 ,d n ?9k x4 ,! bird w love y if y treat x k9dly2 is z frank & fri5dly z bird c be2 b x does n1 m ?an o!rs1 seek y\r society4 ,x comes to y\r h\se because 9 no wild wood1 nor r\gh rock1 c x f9d a cavity close en\gh to please x4 ,x comes = ! bless$ness ( imprisonm5t1 & ! solemnity ( an unbrok5 & con/ant %ad[1 9 ! t[]1 or "u ! eaves4 ,d y suppose t ?is is "p ( its necess>y economy1 & t a swall[ c\ld n cat* flies unless x liv$ 9 a hole8 ,n s4 ,?is in/9ct is "p ( its bro!rhood ) ano!r race ( creatures4 ,x is giv5 to complete a me% 9 ! reticulation ( ! ord]s ( life4 #ee4 ,i h already giv5 y sev]al reasons = my wi% t y %\ld reta91 9 classify+ birds1 ! n[ reject$ ord] ( ,picae4 ,i am go+ to read y a passage f ,humboldt1 :i* %[s y :at difficulties "o may get into = want ( x4 ,y w f9d 9 ! second volume ( 8 p]sonal n>rative1 an acc\nt ( ! cave ( ,c>ipe 9 ,new ,&alusia1 :i* is inhabit$ by entirely nocturnal birds1 hav+ ! gap+ m\?s ( ! goat-suck] & ! swall[1 & yet fe$+ on fruit4 ,unless1 :i* ,mr4 ,humboldt does n tell u1 !y sit "u ! trees outside1 9 ! night "t1 & hold _! m\?s op51 = ! b]ries to drop into1 !re is n ! smalle/ occasion = _! hav+ wide m\?s1 l swall[s4 ,/ill less is !re any ne$1 s9ce !y are fruit eat]s1 = _! liv+ 9 a cav]n #a1ejj feet out ( daylight4 ,!y h only1 9 consequ5ce1 ! tr\ble ( c>ry+ 9 ! se$s to fe$ _! "y1 & ! floor ( ! cave is ?us cov]$1 by ! se$s !y let fall1 ) a gr[? ( un=tunate pale plants1 :i* h nev] se5 day4 ,nay1 !y are n ev5 cont5t ) ! d>kness ( _! cave2 b build _! ne/s 9 ! funnels ) :i* ! ro( ( ! grotto is pi]c$ l a sieve2 live actually 9 ! *imney1 n ( a h\se1 b ( an ,egyptian sepul*]6 ,! color ( ?is bird1 ( s rem>kable ta/e 9 lodg+1 ,humboldt tells u1 is ( d>k blui%-gray1 mix$ ) /reaks & specks ( black4 ,l>ge :ite spots1 :i* h ! =m ( a he>t1 & :i* are bord]$ ) black1 m>k ! head1 ! w+s1 & ! tail4 ,! spread ( ! w+s1 :i* are compos$ ( sev5te5 or eighte5 quill fea!rs1 is ?ree feet & a half4 ,suppress+1 ) ,mr4 ,cuvi]1 ! ord] ( ,picae1 we mu/ ref] ?is extraord9>y bird to ! ,sp>r[s4 #ef4 ,we c only suppose t x mu/ be1 to our popul> sp>r[s1 :at ! swall[ ( ! c9namon c\ntry is to our subord9ate swall[4 ,d y recollect ! c9namon swall[s ( ,h]odotus1 :o build _! mud-ne/s 9 ! faces ( ! cliffs :]e ,dionusos 0 br\ght up1 & :]e nobody c get ne> !m2 & h[ ! c9namon m]*ants fet* !m jo9ts ( meat1 :i* ! unadvis$ birds1 fly+ up to _! ne/s )1 in/ead ( c9namon1--ne/ & all come d[n toge!r1--! orig9al ( ,s9dbad's valley-(-diamond /ory8 #eg4 ,well1 ,humboldt is r$uc$1 by necessities ( rec5t classification1 to call a bird ?ree feet & a half across ! w+s1 a sp>r[4 ,i h no "r to laugh at him1 = ,i am j go+1 myself1 to call ! *e]fule/ & brighte/ ( birds ( ! air1 an owl4 ,all ^! ar*itectural & sepul*ral habits1 ^! ,egyptian mann]s ( ! s&-m>t91 digg+ caves 9 ! s&1 & bord]-troop]'s habits ( ! *imney swall[1 liv+ 9 r\nd t[]s in/ead ( op5 air1 belong+ to !m z connect$ ) ! tribe ( ! falcons ?r\gh ! owls6 & n only s1 b ) ! mammalia ?r\gh ! bats6 ,a swall[ is an emancipat$ owl1 & a glorifi$ bat2 b x nev] =gets its fell[%ip ) night4 #eh4 ,its anci5t fell[%ip1 ,i _h ne>ly writt52 s natural is x to ?9k ( ^! simil>ly-m9d$ creatures1 :5 ! feel+s t bo? %[ are evid5tly useless to "o ( !m1 z if ! inf]ior _h *ang$ into ! high]4 ,! doctr9e ( developm5t seems at fir/ to expla9 all s pleasantly1 t ! scream ( cons5t ) :i* x has be5 accept$ by m5 ( sci5ce1 & ! %rill] vocif]ation ( ! public's greg>i\s applause1 sc>cely p]mit y ! p[] ( antagoni/ic reflection4 ,i mu/ ju/ify to-day1 9 grav] tone ?an usual1 ! t]ms 9 :i* ,i h hi!rto spok51--x may h be5 ?\ght ) less ?an ! due respect to my audi5ce1--( ! popul> !ory4 #ei4 ,suppos+ t ! octoh$rons ( gal5a1 ( gold1 & ( oxide ( iron1 7 end[$ ) p[]s ( reproduction1 & p]i%$ at appo9t$ dates ( dissolution or solution1 y w\ld )\t any d\bt h he>d x by ?is "t ass]t$ t ! octoh$ric =m1 :i* 0 common to all1 indicat$ _! desc5t f a common prog5itor2 & x w\ld h be5 +5i\sly expla9$ to y h[ ! angul> (fspr+ ( ?is eight-sid$ ance/or _h develop$ !mselves1 by =ce ( circum/ances1 into _! di/9ct metallic p]fections2 h[ ! gal5a _h become gray & brittle "u prolong$ subt]ranean heat1 & ! gold yell[ & ductile1 z x 0 roll$ among ! pebbles ( amb]-color$ /reams4 #fj4 ,by ! d5ial to ^! /ructures ( any individually reproductive en]gy1 y are =c$ to accept ! inexplicable 7& :y expect x to be o!rwise ?an inexplicable87 fact1 ( ! =mation ( a s]ies ( bodies hav+ v simil> aspects1 qualities1 & *emical relations to o!r sub/ances1 :i* yet h no connection :atev] ) ea* o!r1 & are gov]n$1 9 _! relation ) _! native rocks1 by entirely arbitr>y laws4 ,x has be5 ! pride ( mod]n *emi/ry to extricate h]self f ! vanity ( ! al*emi/1 & to admit1 ) resignation1 ! indep5d5t1 ?\gh app>5tly frat]nal1 natures1 ( silv]1 ( lead1 ( plat9um1--alum9ium1--potassium4 ,h5ce1 a rational philosophy w\ld d$uce ! probability t :5 ! arboresc5ce ( dead cry/allization rose into ! radiation ( ! liv+ tree1 & s5ti5t plume1 ! spl5dor ( nature 9 h] m exalt$ p[] w\ld n be re/rict$ to a less v>iety ( design2 & ! beautiful caprice 9 :i* %e gave to ! silv] its fro/ & to ! opal its fire1 w\ld n be subdu$ "u ! sl[ influ5ces ( accid5t & "t1 :5 %e wrea!d ! swan ) sn[1 & ba!d ! dove 9 iridesc5ce4 ,t ! inf9itely m exalt$ p[]s ( life mu/ ex]cise m intimate influ5ce ov] matt] ?an ! reckless =ces ( cohesion2--& t ! loves & hatr$s ( ! n[ consci\s creatures w\ld modify _! =ms into p>allel beauty & degradation1 we might h anticipat$ by reason1 & we ought long s9ce to h kn[n by obs]vation4 ,b ?is law ( its _s ov] ! sub/ance ( ! creature involves1 necess>ily1 ! indi/9ctness ( its type1 & ! exi/5ce ( inf]ior & ( high] conditions1 :i* :ole eras ( h]oism & affection--:ole eras ( mis]y & misconduct1--confirm into glory1 or confuse into %ame4 ,collect+ ! causes ( *ang$ =m1 9 l[] creatures1 by di/ress1 or by adaptation1--by ! di/urbance or int5sify+ ( ! p>5tal /r5g?1 & ! native =tune--! wond] is1 n t species %\ld sometimes be confus$1 b t ! great] numb] ( !m rema9 s spl5didly1 s manife/ly1 s et]nally di/9ct2 & t ! vile indu/ries & vici\s curiosities ( mod]n sci5ce1 :ile !y h robb$ ! fields ( ,engl& ( a ?\s& liv+ creatures1 h n creat$ 9 !m "o4 #fa4 ,b ev5 9 ! paltry k we h obta9$1 :at unanimity h we8--:at security8 ,suppose any man ( ord9>y s5se1 kn[+ ! value ( "t1 & ! relative importance ( subjects ( ?\ght1 & t ! :ole sci5tific _w 0 agog conc]n+ ! orig9 ( species1 desir$ to "k fir/ ( all--:at 0 meant by a species4 ,he w\ld naturally look = ! def9ition ( species fir/ among ! high] animals1 & expect x to be be/ def9$ 9 ^? :i* 7 be/ kn[n4 ,& be+ ref]r$ = satisfaction to ! #bbf? page ( ! fir/ volume ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's ,desc5t ( ,man1 he w\ld f9d ?is passage3-- ,man has be5 /udi$ m c>efully ?an any o!r organic be+1 & yet !re is ! greate/ possible div]sity among capable judges1 :e!r he %\ld be class$ z a s+le species or race1 or z two 7,virey71 z ?ree 7,jacqu9ot71 z f\r 7,kant71 five 7,blum5ba*71 six 7,buffon71 sev5 7,hunt]71 eight 7,agassiz71 elev5 7,pick]+71 fifte5 7,bory ,/4 ,v9c5t71 sixte5 7,desm\l9s71 tw5ty-two 7,morton71 sixty 7,craw=d71 or z sixty-?ree accord+ to ,burke4 ,& 9 ! meantime1 :ile y\r m5 ( sci5ce are ?us vacillat+1 9 ! def9ition ( ! species ( ! only animal !y h ! opportunity ( /udy+ inside & out1 betwe5 "o & sixty-?ree2 & disput+ ab\t ! orig91 9 pa/ ages1 ( :at !y _c def9e 9 ! pres5t ones2 & deciph]+ ! fil?y h]aldries :i* record ! relation ( humanity to ! ascidian & ! crocodile1 y h ceas$ utt]ly to di/+ui% betwe5 ! two species ( man1 ev]more sep>ate by inf9ite sep>ation3 ( :om ! "o1 capable ( loyalty & ( love1 c at lea/ conceive spiritual natures :i* h no ta9t f _! own1 & leave beh9d !m1 diffus$ among ?\s&s on e>?1 ! happ9ess !y nev] hop$1 = !mselves1 9 ! skies2 & ! o!r1 capable only ( av>ice1 hatr$1 & %ame1 :o 9 _! lives are ! companions ( ! sw9e1 & leave 9 dea? no?+ b food = ! worm & ! vulture4 #fb4 ,n[ ,i h fir/ trac$ = y ! relations ( ! creature we are exam9+ to ^? b5ea? x & above1 to ! bat & to ! falcon4 ,b y w f9d t x has /ill o!rs to entirely ano!r _w4 ,z y wat* x glance & skim ov] ! surface ( ! wat]s1 has x nev] /ruck y :at relation x be>s to ! creatures t glance & glide "u _! surface8 ,fly-cat*]s1 "s ( !m1 also1--fly-cat*]s 9 ! same mann]1 ) wide m\?2 :ile 9 motion ! bird almo/ exactly comb9es ! d>t ( ! tr\t ) ! da% ( ! dolph91 to ! r\nd$ =ehead & project+ muzzle ( :i* its own bullet head & bill exactly correspond4 ,9 its plunge1 if y wat* x ba?+1 y may see x dip its brea/ j z mu* "u ! wat] z a porpoise %[s its back above4 ,y c only rightly describe ! bird by ! resemblances1 & images ( :at x seems to h *ang$ f1--!n add+ ! fanta/ic & beautiful contra/ ( ! unimag9able *ange4 ,x is an owl t has be5 tra9$ by ! ,graces4 ,x is a bat t loves ! morn+ light4 ,x is ! arial reflection ( a dolph94 ,x is ! t5d] dome/ication ( a tr\t4 #fc4 ,& yet be assur$1 z x _c h be5 all ^! creatures1 s x has nev]1 9 tru?1 be5 any ( !m4 ,! trans=mations believ$ 9 by ! my?ologi/s are at lea/ spiritually true2 y _c too c>efully trace or too accurately consid] !m4 ,b ! trans=mations believ$ 9 by ! anatomi/ are z yet prov$ true 9 no s+le in/ance1 & 9 no sub/ance1 spiritual or mat]ial2 & ,i _c too (t51 or too e>ne/ly1 urge y n to wa/e y\r "t 9 guess+ :at animals may once h be51 :ile y rema9 9 ne>ly total ignorance ( :at !y are4 #fd4 ,d y ev5 "k di/9ctly f ea* o!r1--7= t is ! real naturali/'s bus9ess2 in/ead ( conf\nd+ !m ) ea* o!r71--d y "k di/9ctly ! five great species ( ?is famili> bird8--! swall[1 ! h\se-m>t91 ! s&-m>t91 ! swift1 & ! ,alp9e swift8--or c y s mu* z answ] ! fir/ "q :i* w\ld sugge/ itself to any c>eful obs]v] ( ! =m ( its mo/ famili> species1--yet :i* ,i d n f9d propos$1 f> less answ]$1 9 any sci5tific book1--namely1 :y a swall[ has a swall[-tail8 ,x is true t ! tail fea!rs 9 _m birds appe> to be entirely1--ev5 cumbr\sly1 decorative2 z 9 ! peacock1 & birds ( p>adise4 ,b ,i am confid5t t x is n s 9 ! swall[1 & t ! =k$ tail1 s def9$ 9 =m & /rong 9 plume1 has inde$ important functions 9 guid+ ! flight2 yet notice h[ surr\nd$ "o is on all sides ) pitfalls = ! !ori/s4 ,! =k$ tail rem9ds y at once ( a fi%'s2 & yet1 ! action ( ! two creatures is :olly contr>y4 ,a fi% la%es himself =w>d ) 8 tail1 & /e]s ) 8 f9s2 a swall[ la%es himself =w>d ) 8 f9s1 & /e]s ) 8 tail2 p>tly1 n necess>ily1 because 9 ! mo/ da%+ ( ! swall[s1 ! swift1 ! =k ( ! tail is ! lea/ develop$4 ,& ,i nev] wat* ! bird = a mom5t )\t f9d+ myself 9 "s fre% puzzle out ( :i* !re is no clue 9 ! sci5tific books4 ,i want to "k1 = in/ance1 h[ ! bird turns4 ,:at does x d ) "o w+1 :at ) ! o!r8 ,fancy ! pace t has to be /opp$2 ! =ce ( bridle-h& put out 9 an in/ant4 ,fancy h[ ! w+s mu/ b5d ) ! /ra92 :at ne$ !re mu/ be = ! p]fect aid & "w ( e fea!r 9 !m4 ,!re is a problem = y1 /ud5ts ( me*anics1--,h[ does a swall[ turn8 ,y %all see1 at all ev5ts1 to beg9 )1 to-day1 h[ x gets along4 #fe4 ,i say y %all see2 b inde$ y h (t5 se51 & felt1--at lea/ ) y\r h&s1 if n ) y\r %\ld]s1--:5 y *anc$ to be hold+ ! %eet ( a sail4 ,i h said t ,i nev] got into scrapes by blam+ p wrongly2 b ,i (t5 d by prais+ !m wrongly4 ,i nev] prais$1 )\t qualification1 b "o sci5tific book 9 my life 7t ,i rememb]7--?is ( ,dr4 ,pettigrew's on ! ,w+2#ab & n[ ,i mu/ qualify my praise consid]ably1 discov]+1 :5 ,i exam9$ ! book f>!r1 t ! good doctor _h describ$ ! motion ( a bird z resembl+ t ( a kite1 )\t ev] inquir+ :at1 9 a bird1 repres5t$ t some:at important "p ( a kite1 ! /r+4 ,y w1 h[ev]1 f9d ! book full ( important obs]vations1 & illu/rat$ by valuable draw+s4 ,b ! po9t 9 "q y mu/ settle = y\rselves1 & y easily may4 ,"s ( y p]haps1 knew1 9 y\r "t1 bett] ?an ! doctor1 h[ a kite /opp$2 b ,i d n d\bt t a great _m ( y also "k1 n[1 :at is mu* m to ! purpose1 h[ a %ip gets along4 ,i w take ! simple/1 ! mo/ natural1 ! mo/ beautiful ( sails1--! late5 sail ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 #ab ,on ! ,physiology ( ,w+s4 ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh4 ,vol4 xxvi41 ,"p ii4 ,i _c suffici5tly express ei!r my wond] or regret at ! petulance 9 :i* m5 ( sci5ce are cont9ually tempt$ into immature publicity1 by _! rival%ip ) ea* o!r4 ,page aft] page ( ?is book1 :i*1 sl[ly dige/$ & tak5 c\nsel ^u1 might h be5 a noble contribution to natural hi/ory1 is occupi$ ) dispute utt]ly useless to ! read]1 on ! "q ( ! priority ( ! au?or1 by "s mon?s1 to a ,fr5* savant1 9 ! /atem5t ( a pr9ciple :i* nei!r has yet prov$2 :ile page aft] page is r5d]$ worse ?an useless to ! read] by ! au?or's passionate endeavor to contradict ! ideas ( unque/ionably previ\s inve/igators4 ,! problem ( flight 01 to all s]i\s purpose1 solv$ by ,borelli 9 #afhj1 & ! foll[+ passage is v notable z an example ( ! way 9 :i* ! endeavor to obscure ! light ( =m] ages too fatally dims & di/orts t by :i* mod]n m5 ( sci5ce walk1 !mselves4 ,borelli1 & all :o h writt5 s9ce 8 "t1 are unanim\s 9 affirm+ t ! horizontal transf]5ce ( ! body ( ! bird is due to ! p]p5dicul> vibration ( ! w+s1 & to ! yield+ ( ! po/]ior or flexible m>g9s ( ! w+s 9 an upw>d direction1 z ! w+s desc5d4 ,i 7,dr4 ,pettigrew7 am1 h[ev]1 dispos$ to attribute x to ! fact 7#a/71 t ! w+s1 bo? :5 elevat$ & depress$1 leap =w>ds 9 curves1 ^? curves unit+ to =m a cont9u\s wav$ track2 7#b;d71 to ! t5d5cy :i* ! body ( ! bird has to sw+ =w>ds1 9 a m or less horizontal direction1 :5 once set 9 motion2 7#c;d71 to ! con/ruction ( ! w+s2 !y are ela/ic helices or screws1 :i* twi/ & untwi/ :ile !y vibrate1 & t5d to be> upw>ds & onw>ds any weight susp5d$ f !m2 7#d?71 to ! action ( ! air on ! "u surfaces ( ! w+s2 7#e?71 to ! ev]-v>y+ p[] ) :i* ! w+s are urg$1 ?is be+ greate/ at ! beg9n+ ( ! d[n-/roke1 & lea/ at ! end ( ! up "o2 7#f?71 to ! contraction ( ! volunt>y muscles & ela/ic ligam5ts1 & to ! effect produc$ by ! v>i\s incl9$ surfaces =m$ by ! w+s dur+ _! oscillations2 7#g?71 to ! weight ( ! bird--weight itself1 :5 act+ ^u w+s1 becom+ a propell+ p[]1 & s contribut+ to horizontal motion4 ,i w collect ^! sev5 reasons = ! =w>d motion1 9 ! gi/ ( !m1 :i* ,i h m>k$ by italics1 t ! read] may bett] judge ( _! collective value4 ,! bird is c>ri$ =w>d1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,pettigrew-- #a4 ,because its w+s leap =w>d4 #b4 ,because its body has a t5d5cy to sw+ =w>d4 #c4 ,because its w+s are screws s con/ruct$ z to screw upw>ds & onw>ds any body susp5d$ f !m4 #d4 ,because ! air reacts on ! "u surfaces ( ! w+s4 #e4 ,because ! w+s are urg$ ) ev]-v>y+ p[]4 #f4 ,because ! volunt>y muscles contract4 #g4 ,because ! bird is heavy4 ,:at mu/ be ! g5]al conditions ( mod]n sci5ce1 :5 x is possible = a man ( great exp]im5tal k & practical +5uity1 to publi% nons5se su* z ?is1 becom+1 to all int5ts & purposes1 insane1 9 ! passion ( 8 endeavor to ov]?r[ ! /atem5ts ( 8 rival8 ,_h he m]ely tak5 pati5ce to consult any elem5t>y s*ol> 9 dynamics1 he w\ld h be5 enabl$ to und]/& 8 own ma*9es1 & develop1 ) cr$it to himself1 :at _h be5 rightly judg$ or notic$ by o!rs4 #ff4 ,i draw x rudely 9 outl9e1 z x w\ld be set = a side-w9d on ! boat y probably "k be/1--! boat ( burd5 on ! ,lake ( ,g5eva 7,fig4 #c71 n confus+ ! draw+ by add+ ! ma/1 :i*1 y "k1 rakes a little1 c>ry+ ! y>d across x 7a74 ,!n1 ) y\r p]mission1 ,i w load my boat ?us1 ) a few casks ( ,vevay v9tage--&1 to keep !m cool1 we w put an awn+ ov] !m1 s 7b74 ,next1 z we are classical s*ol>s1 in/ead ( ?is ru/ic /]n ( ! boat1 meant only to run easily on a flat %ore1 we w give x an ,attic ,greek3 embolon 7c74 7,we h no bus9ess1 inde$1 yet1 to put an ,greek3 embolon on a boat ( burd51 b ,i hope "s day to see all our %ips ( w> load$ ) bread & w9e1 in/ead ( artill]y47 ,!n ,i %ade ! entire =m 7c72 &1 la/ly1 reflect x 9 ! wat] 7d7--& y h se5 some?+ l t be=e1 besides a boat1 hav5't y8 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,!re is ! gi/ ( ! :ole bus9ess = y1 put 9 v small space2 ) ^! only diff]5ces3 9 a boat1 ! air /rikes ! sail2 9 a bird1 ! sail /rikes ! air3 9 a boat1 ! =ce is lat]al1 & 9 a bird d[nw>ds2 & x has its sail on bo? sides4 ,i %all leave y to foll[ out ! me*anical problem = y\rselves1 z f> z ! m]e resolution ( =ce is conc]n$4 ,my bus9ess1 z a pa9t]1 is only ) ! exquisite organic weapon t deals ) x4 #fg4 ,( :i* y are n[ to note f>!r1 t a bird is requir$ to manage 8 w+ s z to obta9 two results ) "o bl[3--he has to keep himself up1 z well z to get along4 ,b obs]ve1 he only requires to keep himself up because he has to get along4 ,! buoyancy might h be5 giv5 at once1 if nature _h want$ t only2 %e might h bl[n ! fea!rs up ) ! hot air ( ! brea?1 till ! bird rose 9 air l a cork 9 wat]4 ,b x has to be1 n a buoyant cork1 b a buoyant bullet4 ,& !re=e t x may h mom5tum = pace1 x mu/ h weight to c>ry2 & to c>ry t weight1 ! w+s mu/ deliv] _! bl[ ) effective v]tical1 z well z oblique1 =ce4 ,"h1 aga91 y may take ! matt] 9 brief sum4 ,:atev] is ! %ip's loss1 is ! bird's ga92 :atev] t5d5cy ! %ip has to leeway1 is all giv5 to ! bird's support1 s t e atom#ac ( =ce 9 ! bl[ is ( s]vice4 #ac ,i don't "k :at ^w to use = an inf9itesimal degree or divid$ portion ( =ce3 "o _c prop]ly speak ( a =ce be+ cut into pieces2 b ,i c ?9k ( no o!r ^w ?an atom4 #fh4 ,!re=e y h to con/ruct y\r organic weapon1 s t ?is absolutely & p]fectly economiz$ =ce may be di/ribut$ z ! bird *ooses at any mom5t4 ,t1 if x wants to rise1 x may be able to /rike v]tically m ?an obliquely2--if ! ord] is1 g-ahead1 t x may put ! oblique screw on4 ,if x wants to /op 9 an in/ant1 t x may be able to ?r[ its w+s up full to ! w9d2 if x wants to hov]1 t x may be able to lay itself quietly on ! w9d ) its w+s & tail1 or1 9 calm air1 to regulate _! vibration & expansion into tranquillity ( glid+1 or ( paus+ p[]4 ,giv5 ! v>i\s proportions ( weight & w+2 ! conditions ( possible increase ( muscul> =ce & quill-/r5g? 9 proportion to size2 & ! diff]5t objects & circum/ances ( flight1--y h a s]ies ( exquisitely complex problems1 & exquisitely p]fect solutions1 :i* ! life ( ! y\nge/ among y _c be long en\gh to read ?r\gh s mu* z once1 & ( :i* ! future inf9itudes ( human life1 h[ev] grant$ or ext5d$1 nev] w be fatigu$ 9 admiration4 #fi4 ,i take ! rude outl9e ( sail 9 ,fig4 #c1 & n[ consid]+ x z a jib ( "o ( our own sail+ vessels1 slightly exagg]ate ! loops at ! edge1 & draw curv$ l9es f !m to ! opposite po9t1 ,fig4 #d2 & ,i h a reptilian or dragon's w+1 :i* w\ld1 ) "s ramification ( ! support+ ribs1 become a bat's or mo?'s2 t is to say1 an ext5sion ( membrane betwe5 ! ribs 7z 9 an umbrella71 :i* w cat* ! w9d1 & flutt] ^u x1 l a leaf2 b _c /rike x to any purpose4 ,! fly+ squirrel drifts l a fall+ leaf2 ! bat flits l a black rag torn at ! edge4 ,to give p[]1 we mu/ h plumes t c /rike1 z ) ! flat ( a sword-blade2 & to give p]fect p[]1 ^! mu/ be laid ov] ea* o!r1 s t ea* may support ! "o bel[ x4 ,i use ! ^w bel[ advis$ly3 we h to /rike d[n4 ,! l[e/ fea!r is ! "o t fir/ meets ! adv]se =ce4 ,x is ! "o to be support$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,n[ = ! mann] ( ! support4 ,y mu/ all "k well ! look ( ! ma*icolat$ p>apets 9 m$ival ca/les4 ,y "k !y are c>ri$ on r[s ( small project+ buttresses con/ruct$ s t1 ?\gh ! upp]mo/ /one1 f>-project+1 w\ld break easily "u any %ock1 x is support$ by ! next bel[1 & s on1 d[n to ! wall4 ,n[ 9 ?is figure ,i am oblig$ to sep>ate ! fea!rs by :ite spaces1 to %[ y !m di/9ctly4 ,9 reality !y are set z close to ea* o!r z c be1 b putt+ !m z close z ,i c1 y get a or b1 ,fig4 #e1 = ! r\gh section ( ! w+1 ?ick t[>ds ! bird's head1 & curv$ l a sickle1 s t 9 /rik+ d[n x cat*es ! air1 l a reap+-hook1 & 9 ris+ up1 x ?r[s (f ! air l a p5t-h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 #gj4 ,! /roke w\ld !re=e be vigor\s1 & ! recov]y almo/ ef=tless1 7 ev5 ! direction ( bo? actually v]tical4 ,b !y are v]tical only ) relation to ! bird's body4 ,9 space !y foll[ ! =w>d flight1 9 a s(tly curv$ l9e2 ! d[nw>d /roke be+ z effective z ! bird *ooses1 ! recov]y sc>cely enc\nt]s resi/ance 9 ! s(tly glid+ asc5t4 ,?us1 9 ,fig4 #e1 7,i c only expla9 ?is to read]s a little v]s$ 9 ! elem5ts ( me*anics17 if ,b is ! locus ( ! c5t] ( gravity ( ! bird1 mov+ 9 sl[ flight 9 ! direction ( ! arr[1 w is ! locus ( ! lead+ fea!r ( its w+1 & a & b1 r\ghly1 ! successive positions ( ! w+ 9 ! d[n-/roke & recov]y4 #ga4 ,i say ! d[n-/roke is z effective z ! bird *ooses2 t is to say1 x c be giv5 ) exactly ! quantity ( impulse1 & exactly ! quantity ( support+ p[]1 requir$ at ! mom5t4 ,?us1 :5 ! bird wants to fly sl[ly1 ! w+s are flutt]$ fa/1 giv+ v]tical bl[s2 if x wants to pause absolutely 9 /ill air1 7?is l>ge birds _c d1 n be+ able to move _! w+s fa/ en\gh17 ! velocity becomes vibration1 z 9 ! humm+-bird3 b if !re is w9d1 any ( ! l>g] birds c lay !mselves on x l a kite1 _! own weight answ]+ ! purpose ( ! /r+1#ad :ile !y keep ! w+s & tail 9 an incl9$ plane1 giv+ !m z mu* glid+ asc5t z c\nt]acts ! fall4 ,!y ne>ly all1 h[ev]1 use "s slightly glid+ =ce at ! same "t2 a s+le /roke ( ! w+1 ) =w>d int5t1 seem+ en\gh to enable !m to glide on = half a m9ute or m )\t /irr+ a plume4 ,a circl+ eagle floats an inconceivable "t )\t visible /roke3 7fancy ! pretty action ( ! inn] w+1 back+ air in/ead ( wat]1 :i* gives exactly ! bread? ( circle he *ooses74 ,b = exhibition ( ! complete art ( flight1 a swall[ on r\gh wat] is ! ma/] ( ma/]s4 ,a sea-gull1 ) all its spl5did p[]1 g5]ally has its "w cut out = x1 & is visibly fight+2 b ! swall[ plays ) w9d & wave z a girl plays ) h] fan1 & !re are no words to say h[ _m ?+s x does ) its w+s 9 any t5 seconds1 & does consummately4 ,! my/]y ( its d>t rema9s always inexplicable to me2 no eye c trace ! b5d+ ( b[ t s5ds t liv+ arr[4 ,b ! ma9 /ructure ( ! noble weapon we may ) little pa9s und]/&4 #ad ,see ,app4 p4 #aab1 #ade4 #gb4 ,9 ! sections a & b ( ,fig4 #e1 ,i h only repres5t$ ! quills ( ! out] "p ( ! w+4 ,! relation ( ^!1 & ( ! inn] quills1 to ! bird's body may be v simply %[n4 ,fig4 #f is a rude sket*1 typically repres5t+ ! w+ ( any bird1 b actually f\nd$ *iefly on ! sea-gull's4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,x is broadly compos$ ( two fans1 ,a & ,b4 ,! out-mo/ fan1 ,a1 is c>ri$ by ! bird's h&2 ( :i* ,i rudely sket* ! cont\r ( ! bones at a4 ,! inn]mo/ fan1 ,b1 is c>ri$ by ! bird's =e>m1 f wri/ to elb[1 b4 ,! /rong hum]us1 c1 correspond+ to our arm f %\ld] to elb[1 has comm& ( ! :ole in/rum5t4 ,no fea!rs are atta*$ to ?is bone2 b cov]+ & protect+ ones are set 9 ! sk9 ( x1 completely fill+1 :5 ! active w+ is op51 ! space betwe5 x & ! body4 ,b ! plumes ( ! two great fans1 ,a & ,b1 are set into ! bones2 9 ,fig4 #h1 f>!r on1 are %[n ! project+ knobs on ! ma9 arm bone1 set = ! reception ( ! quills1 :i* make x look l ! club ( ,h]cules4 ,! connection ( ! /ill m p[]ful quills ( ! out] fan ) ! bones ( ! h& is q beyond all my poor anatomical p]ceptions1 &1 happily = me1 also beyond ne$s ( arti/ic inve/igation4 #gc4 ,! fea!rs ( ! fan ,a are call$ ! prim>ies4 ,^? ( ! fan ,b1 second>ies4 ,effective actions ( flight1 :e!r = support or =w>d motion1 are1 ,i believe1 all execut$ ) ! prim>ies1 e "o ( :i* may be briefly describ$ z ! /ronge/ cimet] t c be made ( quill sub/ance2 flexible )9 limits1 & ela/ic at its edges--c>ri$ by an ela/ic c5tral %aft--twi/$ l a w9dmill sail--/rik+ ) ! flat1 & recov]+ ) ! edge4 ,! second>y fea!rs are m r\nd$ at ! ends1 & frequ5tly not*$2 _! curvature is rev]s$ to t ( ! prim>ies2 !y are arrang$1 :5 exp&$1 some:at 9 ! %ape ( a %all[ cup1 ) ! holl[ ( x d[nw>ds1 hold+ ! air !re=e1 & aid+ 9 all ! pause & buoyancy ( flight1 b little 9 ! activity ( x4 ,ess5tially !y are ! brood+ & cov]+ fea!rs ( ! w+2 exquisitely beautiful--z f> z ,i h yet se51 mo/ beautiful--9 ! bird ^: brood+ is ( mo/ use to u2 & :i* has become ! image ( all t5d]ness4 ,h[ (t5 w\ld ,i h ga!r$ ?y *ildr5 444 & ye w\ld n4 #gd4 ,ov] ^! two *ief masses ( ! plume are set o!rs :i* p>tly complete _! p[]1 p>tly adorn & protect !m2 b ( ^! ,i c take no notice at pres5t4 ,all t ,i want y to und]/& is ! action ( ! two ma9 masses1 z ! w+ is op5$ & clos$4 ,fig4 #g r\ghly repres5ts ! upp] surface ( ! ma9 fea!rs ( ! w+ clos$4 ,! second>ies are fold$ ov] ! prim>ies2 & ! prim>ies %ut up close1 ) _! out] edges p>allel1 or ne>ly s4 ,fig4 #h r\ghly %[s ! outl9e ( ! bones1 9 ?is position1 ( "o ( ! l>g] pigeons4#ae ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 #ae ,i f9d ev5 ?is m]e outl9e ( anatomical /ructure s int]f]es ) ! temp] 9 :i* ,i wi% my read]s to ?9k1 t ,i %all )draw x 9 my complete edition4 #ge4 ,!n ,fig4 #i is 7always sket*$ 9 ! r\ghe/ way7 ! out]1 ,fig4 #aj ! inn]1 surface ( a sea-gull's w+ 9 ?is position4 ,next1 ,fig4 #aa %[s ! tops ( ! f\r l[e/ fea!rs 9 ,fig4 #i1 9 m]e outl9e2 ,a sep>ate 7pull$ (f1 s t !y c be set side by side71 ,b %ut up close 9 ! fold$ w+1 ,c1 op5$ 9 ! spread w+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 #gf4 ,& n[1 if y w y\rselves wat* a few birds 9 flight1 or op5+ & clos+ _! w+s to prune !m1 y w soon "k z mu* z is ne$ful = our art purposes2 &1 :i* is f> m desirable1 feel h[ v little we "k1 to any purpose1 ( ev5 ! famili> creatures t are our companions4 ,ev5 :at we h se5 to-day#af is m ?an appe>s to h be5 notic$ by ! mo/ c>eful pa9t]s ( ! great s*ools2 & y w cont9ually fancy t ,i am inconsi/5t ) myself 9 press+ y to le>n1 bett] ?an !y1 ! anatomy ( birds1 :ile ,i viol5tly & con/antly urge y to refuse ! k ( ! anatomy ( m54 ,b y w f9d1 z my sy/em develops itself1 t x is absolutely consi/5t ?r\gh\t4 ,i don't mean1 by tell+ y n to /udy human anatomy1 t y are n to "k h[ _m f+]s & toes y h1 nor h[ y c grasp & walk ) !m2 &1 simil>ly1 :5 y look at a bird1 ,i wi% y to "k h[ _m claws & w+-fea!rs x has1 & h[ x grips & flies ) !m4 ,( ! bones1 9 ei!r1 ,i %all %[ y little2 & ( ! muscles1 no?+ b :at c be se5 9 ! liv+ creature1 nor1 (t51 ev5 s mu*4 #af ,l>ge & some:at c>efully pa9t$ diagrams 7 %[n at ! lecture1 :i* ,i _c engrave b = my complete edition4 #gg4 ,& accord+ly1 :5 ,i n[ %[ y ?is sket* ( my favorite ,holbe91 & tell y t x is entirely disgraceful he %\ld n "k :at a w+ 01 bett]1 ,i don't mean t x is disgraceful he %\ld n "k ! anatomy ( x1 b t he %\ld nev] h look$ at x to see h[ ! fea!rs lie4 ,n[ ,holbe9 pa9ts m5 glori\sly1 b nev] looks at birds2 ,gibbons1 ! wood-cutt]1 c>ves birds1 b c't m52--( ! two faults ! la/ is ! wor/2 b ! "r is 9 look+ at ! :ole ( nature 9 due comp>ison1 & ) univ]sal c&or & t5d]ness4 #gh4 ,at ! :ole ( nature1 ,i say1 n at sup]-nature--at :at y suppose to be above ! visible nature ab\t y4 ,if y are n incl9$ to look at ! w+s ( birds1 :i* ,god has giv5 y to h&le & to see1 mu* less are y to contemplate1 or draw imag9ations (1 ! w+s ( angels1 :i* y c't see4 ,"k y\r own _w fir/--n d5y+ any o!r1 b be+ q sure t ! place 9 :i* y are n[ put is ! place ) :i* y are n[ conc]n$2 & t x w be wis] 9 y to ?9k ! gods !mselves may appe> 9 ! =m ( a dove1 or a swall[1 ?an t1 by false !ft f ! =m ( dove or swall[1 y c repres5t ! aspect ( gods4 #gi4 ,"o sweet in/ance ( su* simple conception1 9 ! end ( ! ,odyssey1 mu/ surely recur to y\r m9ds 9 connection ) our subject ( to-day1 b y may n h notic$ ! recurr5t mann] 9 :i* ,hom] insi/s on ! ?\ght4 ,:5 ,ulysses fir/ b5ds & /r+s 8 b[1 ! vibration ( ! *ord is %rill1 l ! note ( a swall[4 ,a poor & unw>like simile1 x seems6 ,b 9 ! next book1 :5 ,ulysses /&s ) 8 b[ lift$1 & ,telema*us has br\ght ! lances1 & laid !m at 8 feet1 & ,a!na comes to 8 side to enc\rage him1--d y recollect ! gi/ ( h] spee*8 ,y f\ght1 %e says1 n9e ye>s = ! sake ( ,hel51 & = ano!r's h\se3--n[1 return$1 aft] all ^? w&]+s1 & "u y\r own ro(1 = x1 & its treasures1 w y n fight1 !n8 ,& %e h]self flies up to ! h\se-ro(1 & !nce1 9 ! =m ( ! swall[1 guides ! arr[s ( v5geance = ! violation ( ! sanctities ( home4 #hj4 ,to-day1 !n1 ,i believe v]ily = ! fir/ "t1 ,i h be5 able to put be=e y "s means ( guidance to und]/& ! beauty ( ! bird :i* lives ) y 9 y\r own h\ses1 & :i* purifies = y1 f its insect pe/il5ce1 ! air t y brea!4 ,?us ! sweet dome/ic ?+ has done1 = m51 at lea/ ^! f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,%e has be5 _! companion1 n ( ! home m]ely1 b ( ! he>?1 & ! ?re%old2 companion only ende>$ by dep>ture1 & %[+ bett] h] lov+-k9dness by h] fai?ful return4 ,type sometimes ( ! /rang]1 %e has s(t5$ u to hospitality2 type always ( ! suppliant1 %e has en*ant$ u to m]cy2 & 9 h] feeble pres5ce1 ! c[>dice1 or ! wra?1 ( sacrilege has *ang$ into ! fidelities ( sanctu>y4 ,h]ald ( our summ]1 %e glances ?r\gh our days ( gladness2 numb]] ( our ye>s1 %e w\ld tea* u to apply our he>ts to wisdom2--& yet1 s little h we reg>d$ h]1 t ?is v day1 sc>cely able to ga!r f all ,i c f9d told ( h] en\gh to expla9 s mu* z ! unfold+ ( h] w+s1 ,i c tell y no?+ ( h] life--no?+ ( h] j\rney+3 ,i _c le>n h[ %e builds1 nor h[ %e *ooses ! place ( h] w&]+1 nor h[ %e traces ! pa? ( h] return4 ,rema9+ ?us bl9d & c>eless to ! true m9i/ries ( ! humble creature :om ,god has really s5t to s]ve u1 we 9 our pride1 ?9k+ ourselves surr\nd$ by ! pursuivants ( ! sky1 c yet only inve/ !m ) maje/y by giv+ !m ! calm ( ! bird's motion1 & %ade ( ! bird's plume3--& aft] all1 x is well = u1 if1 :5 ev5 = ,god's be/ m]cies1 & 9 ,8 temples m>ble-built1 we ?9k t1 ) angels & ar*angels1 & all ! company ( ,heav51 we laud & magnify ,8 glori\s "n--well = u1 if our attempt be n only an insult1 & ,8 e>s op5 r to ! in>ticulate & un9t5d$ praise1 ( ! ,swall[1 twitt]+ f h] /raw-built %$4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,! ,,dab*icks4 #ha4 ,i believe t some:]e ,i h already obs]v$1 b p]mit myself1 = imm$iate use1 to repeat :at ,i _c b ?9k ! sagaci\s obs]vation1--t ! arrangem5t ( any sort ( animals mu/ be1 to say ! lea/1 imp]fect1 if x be f\nd$ only on ! *>act]s ( _! feet4 ,&1 ( all creatures1 "o w\ld ?9k birds 7 ^? :i*1 cont9ually disp5s+ ) ! use ( _! feet1 w\ld require = _! classification "s att5tion also to be paid to _! bodies & w+s1--n to say _! heads & tails4 ,nev]!less1 ! orni?ological arrangem5t at pres5t 9 vogue may suffice = mo/ sci5tific p]sons2 b 9 gr\p+ birds1 s t ! gr\ps may be und]/ood & rememb]$ by *ildr51 ,i mu/ try to make !m a little m g5]ally descriptive4 #hb4 ,9 talk+ ( p>rots1 = in/ance1 x is only a small "p ( ! creature's nature :i* is told by its sci5tific "n ( ',scansor1' or ',climb]4' ,t x only clut*es ) its claws1 & does n snat* or /rike ) !m2--t x helps itself ab\t ) its beak1 on bran*es1 or b>s ( cage1 9 an absurd mann]1 z if p>tly imag9+ itself hung up 9 a l>d]1 are by no means ! mo/ vital matt]s ab\t ! bird4 ,:]eas1 t its beak is always extremely %ort1 & is b5t d[n s r\ndly t ! angrie/ p>rot _c peck1 b only bite1 if y give x a *ance2 t x c bite1 p9*1 or o!rwise apply ! me*anism ( a pair ( nut-crack]s f ! back ( its head1 ) effect2 t x has a little black tongue capable ( mu* talk2 above all1 t x is mo/ly gay 9 plumage1 (t5 to vulg>ity1 & always to p]tness2--all ^! *>act]s %\ld surely be repres5t$ to ! appreh5sive juv5ile m9d1 9 sum2 & n m]ely ! bird's climb+ qualities4 #hc4 ,aga91 t ! race ( birds call$ 9 ,lat9 ',rasores' d1 9 ! se>* = _! food1 usually scrat*1 & kick out _! legs beh9d1 liv+ = ! mo/ "p 9 gravelly or litt]y places1 ( :i* ! hidd5 treasures are only to be discov]$ 9 t mann]1 seems to me no supremely int]e/+ cu/om ( ! animal's life1 b only a mann] ( its h\sehold1 or ?re%old1 economy4 ,b t ! tribe1 on ! :ole1 is unambiti\sly dome/ic1 & nev] pr$atory2 t !y fly little & l[1 eat mu* ( :at !y c pick up )\t tr\ble--& are !mselves always excell5t eat+2--yet s exempl>y 9 _! own dome/ic c>es & c\rtesies t "o is a%am$ to eat !m except 9 eggs2--t _! plumage is = ! mo/ "p w>m br[n1 delicately & ev5 bewit*+ly spotty2--& t1 9 ! goodlie/ species1 ! spots become v>iegat$1 & inlaid z 9 a ,byzant9e pavem5t1 deep5+ to imp]ial purple & azure1 & light5+ into lu/] ( innum]able eyes2--all ?is1 ,i hold1 v cle>ly & positively1 %\ld be expla9$ to *ildr5 z a "p ( sci5ce1 q z exact1 & inf9itely m graci\s1 ?an t :i* reckons up ! :ole tribe ( lov+ & lum9\s creatures "u ! feebly descriptive t]m ( ',scrat*]s4' ,i w v5ture !re=e to recomm5d my y\ng] read]s1 9 class+ birds1 to ?9k ( !m lit]ally f top to toe--f toe to top ,i %\ld say1--foot1 body1 & head1 /udy+1 ) ! body1 ! w+s t be> x2 & ) ! head1 :at bra9s x c br+ to be> on practical matt]s1 & :at s5se on s5tim5tal4 ,b inde$1 prim>ily1 y h to consid] :e!r ! bird altoge!r may n be little m ?an a fat1 *e]ful little /oma*1 9 a spott$ wai/coat1 & ) legs to x4 ,t is ! ma9 def9ition ( a great _m birds--meant to eat all day1 *iefly1 grubs1 or gra9--n at all1 unless "u w9try & calamit\s conditions1 meant to fa/ pa9fully1 or be 9 conc]n ab\t _! food4 ,faultless 9 dige/ion--d9n] la/+ all day long1 ) ! delight ( social int]c\rse--v>i\s *irp & *att]4 ,fly+ or flutt]+ 9 a practical1 n /ately1 mann]3 hopp+ & creep+ intellig5tly4 ,sociable to man extremely1 build+ & ne/l+ & ru/l+ ab\t him1--pry+ & speculat+1 curi\sly wat*ful ( him at 8 "w1 if likely to be pr(itable to !mselves1 or ev5 sometimes 9 m]e pity+ sympa?y1 & wond] h[ su* a w+less & beakless creature c d any?+4#ag #ag ,comp>e ',p>adise ( ,birds1' 7song to ! "y ,roc1 page #fg17 & see close ( lecture = notes on t book4 #hd4 ,! balance ( ?is k9d ( bird on its legs is a v important "p ( its--diagnosis2 7we mu/ h a f9e ^w n[ & !n67 ,its action on ! w+1 is m]e flutt] or flirt1 9 & out ( ! h$ge1 or ov] x2 b its mann] ( p]*1 or lit]ally 'bi5-sance1' is admirable matt] ( int]e/4 ,s also 9 ! birds :i* are on ! wat] :at ^! are on l&2 pick+ up any?+ any:]e2 lazy & =tunate1 mo/ly1 !mselves2 fat1 float+1 da9tie/ d>l+s2--_! balance on ! wat]1 also1 & "u x1 9 'duck+1' a mo/ ess5tial "p ( _! bus9ess & be+4 #he4 ,!n1 directly oppos$ to ^!1 9 bo? k9ds1 y h ! birds :i* mu/ fa/ long1 & fly f>1 & wat* or fight = _! food4 ,n /oma*ic 9 pr(ile2 f> f *e]ful 9 disposition2 m or less lonely 9 habit2 or1 if greg>i\s1 out ( ! way ( m54 ,! balance ( ^! on ! w+1 is no less ess5tial a "p ( _! pictur+1 ?an t ( ! bunt+s1 rob9s1 & ducks on ! foot1 or brea/3 & !re=e1 especially ! position ( ! head 9 fly+4 #hf4 ,accord+ly1 = complete orni?ology1 e bird mu/ be drawn1 z e fl[] = good botany1 bo? 9 pr(ile1 & look+ d[n ^u x3 b = ! p]*]s1 ! /&+ pr(ile is ! mo/ ess5tial2 & = ! falcons & gulls1 ! fly+ plan1--! outl9e ( ! bird1 z x w\ld be se5 look+ d[n on x1 :5 its w+s 7 full-spread4 ,!n1 9 connection ) ^! g5]al outl9es1 we want sy/ematic plan & pr(ile ( ! foot & head2 b s9ce we c't h ev]y?+ at once1 let u say ! plan ( ! foot1 & pr(ile ( ! head1 q accurately giv52 & = e bird consi/5tly1 & to scale4 ,pr(ile & plan 9 outl9e2 !n1 at lea/ ! head 9 light & %ade1 f life1 s z to give ! expression ( ! eye4 ,fallaci\s1 ?is latt]1 (t51 z an indication ( "*2 b deeply significant ( habit & p[]3 ?us ! project+1 full1 bead1 :i* enables ! small] birds to see ! smalle/ insect or gra9 ) good 9 x1 gives !m mu* ( _! bright & (t5 ar* expression2 :ile ! flatt5$ iris "u ! beetl+ br[ ( ! falcons1--project+1 n 9 fr[n1 b z ro(1 to %ade ! eye f int]f]+ skylight1--gives !m _! app>5tly ?reat5+ & om9\s gaze2 ! iris itself (t5 wide & pale1 %[+ z a lurid saturn9e r+ "u ! %ad[ ( ! br[ plumes4 #hg4 ,i speak ( ?+s t are to be3 v assur$ly !y w be done1 "s day--n f> (f1 by pa9t]s educat$ z g5tlem51 9 ! /ricte/ s5se--work+ = love & tru?1 & n = lu/ & gold4 ,mu* has already be5 done by good & e>ne/ draughtsm51 :o yet _h n receiv$ ! high] pa9t]'s education1 :i* w\ld h enabl$ !m to see ! bird 9 ! great] lights & laws ( its =m4 ,x is only "h & !re1 by ,dr]1 ,holbe91 ,c>paccio1 or o!r su* m51 t we get a liv+ bird rightly drawn2#ah b we may be greatly ?ankful = ! unsp>$ labor1 & att5tive skill1 ) :i* _m illu/rations ( orni?ology h be5 produc$ )9 ! la/ sev5ty or eighty ye>s4 ,f> beyond rival%ip among !m1 /&s ,le ,vaillant's monograph1 or dualgraph1 on ! ,birds ( ,p>adise1 & ,jays3 its plates1 exquisitely engrav$1 & color$ ) unwe>y+ c>e by h&1 are insup]able 9 plume-texture1 hue1 & action1--spoil$ 9 effect1 unhappily1 by ! vulg> b\ghs = su/5tation4 ,next1 ranks ! rec5tly issu$ hi/ory ( ! birds ( ,lomb>dy2 ! li?ographs by ,h]r ,osc> ,dressl]1 sup]b1 b ! color+ 7*romo-li?ot9t7 poor3 & !n1 ! self-taught1 b 9 "s qualities greatly to be respect$1 art ( ,mr4 ,g\ld4 ,( :i*1 ,i w\ld fa9 h spok5 ) gratitude & admiration 9 8 lifetime2 _h n ,i kn[n1 t ! qualifi$ expressions necess>y = true e/imate ( 8 publi%$ plates1 w\ld h caus$ him m pa91 ?an any g5]al praise c\ld h c\nt]act$ or soo!d4 ,)\t special criticism1 & rejoic+ 9 all ! pleasure :i* any ( my "y pupils may take 9 8 draw+1--only gu>d+ !m1 once = all1 aga9/ ! error ( suppos+ x exempl>y z art1--,i use 8 plates h5ce=w>d = g5]al ref]5ce2 f9d+ also t1 foll[+ ,mr4 ,g\ld's practical & natural arrangem5t1 ,i c at once ?r[ toge!r 9 gr\ps1 easily compreh5sible by ,briti% *ildr51 all !y are ev] likely to see ( ,briti% or ,brita9-visitant birds3 :i* ,i f9d fall1 ) frank ca/+1 into ^! foll[+ divisions1 n 9 any important matt]s v>y+ f ! usual ones1 & !re=e less (f5sive1 ,i hope1 to ! normal zoologi/ ?an my h]esies 9 botany2 :ile yet !y enable me to make :at ,i h to say ab\t our native birds m simply pres5table to "y m9ds4#ai #ah ,! ,macaw 9 ,sir ,jo%ua's portrait ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,d]by is a gr& example4 #ai ,see ! notes on classification1 9 ! ,app5dix to ! volume2 publi%$1 toge!r ) ! ,preface1 simultane\sly ) ?is numb]4 #hh4 #a4 ,! ,,hawks come fir/1 ( c\rse1 mass$ "u ! s+le ,lat9 t]m ',falco1' & next !m1 #b4 ,! ,,owls second1 also ( c\rse1--unmi/akable1 ^! two tribes1 9 all types ( =m1 & ways ( liv+4 #c4 ,! ,,swall[s ,i put next ^!1 be+ connect$ ) ! owls by ! ,goatsuck]1 & ) ! falcons by _! flight4 #d4 ,! ,,pies next1 ^: "n has a curi\s d\ble mean+1 d]iv$ p>tly f ! notion ( _! be+ pa9t$ or speckl$ birds2 & p>tly f _! be+1 beyond all o!rs1 peck+1 or pickax-beak$1 birds4 ,!y include1 !re=e1 ! ,cr[s1 ,jays1 & ,woodpeck]s2 hi/orically & practically a mo/ important ord] ( creatures to man4 ,next :i*1 ,i take ! great company ( ! small] birds ( ! dry l&1 "u ^! foll[+ m arbitr>y heads4 #e4 ,! ,,song/]s4 ,! ,?ru%1 ,l>k1 ,blackbird1 & ,night+ale1 & "o or two *ori/]s m4 ,^! are connect$ ) ! pheasants 9 _! speckl$ness1 & ) ! pies 9 peck+2 :ile ! night+ale leads d[n to ! small] gr\ps ( famili> birds4 #f4 ,! ,,rob9s1 go+ on into ! m9or w>bl]s1 & ! ,wr5s2 ! ess5tial "* ( a ,rob9 be+ t x %\ld h "s front r$ 9 its dress some:]e2 & ! ,cross-bills be+ includ$ 9 ! class1 p>tly because !y h r$ 9 _! dress1 & p>tly because ,i don't "k :]e else to put !m4 #g4 ,! ,,creep]s & ,,tits--sep>at$ *iefly on ! gr\nd ( _! m9ut5ess1 & subtle little tricks & graces ( movem5t4 #h4 ,! ,,sp>r[s1 go+ on into ,bunt+s & ,f9*es4 #i4 ,! ,,pheasants 7sub/itut+ ?is specific "n = t ( ,scrat*]s74 #aj4 ,! ,,h]ons2 = ! mo/ "p wad+ & fi%+ creatures1 b lead+ up to ! ,/ork1 & includ+ any long-legg$ birds t run well1 su* z ! ,plov]s4 #aa4 ,! ,,dab*icks--! subject ( our pres5t *apt]4 #ab4 ,! ,,swans & ,,geese4 #ac4 ,! ,,ducks4 #ad4 ,! ,,gulls4 ,( ^!1 ,i take ! ,dab*icks fir/1 = ?ree suffici5t reasons2--t !y give u lea/ tr\ble1--t !y be/ %[ :at ,i mean by broad pr9ciples ( gr\p+1--& t !y are ! effective clasp1 if n c5t]1 ( all ! s]ies2 s9ce !y are ! true l9k betwe5 l& & wat] birds4 ,we w look at "o or two ( _! lead+ examples1 be=e say+ m ( _! position 9 bird-society4 ,i %all give = ! head+ ( ea* article1 ! "n :i* ,i propose = ! bird 9 ,engli% *ildr5's s*ools--,dame-s*ools if possible2 a p]fectly simple ,lat9 "o1 & a famili> ,engli% "o4 ,! v>ieties ( exi/+ nom5clature w be giv5 9 ! ,app5dix1 s f> z ,i ?9k !m necess>y to be kn[n or rememb]$4 ,i4 ,,m]ula ,,fontium4 ,,torr5t-,,ouzel4 #hi4 ,!re are v few good popul> words :i* d n unite two or m ideas1 be+ f\nd$ on "o1 & cat*+ up o!rs z !y g along4 ,?us ,i f9d 'dab*ick' to be a corruption ( 'dip-*ick1' mean+ birds t only dip1 & d n dive1 or ev5 duck1 = any l5g? ( "t3 b 9 its broad] & cu/om>y use x takes up ! idea ( dabbl+2 &1 z a class-"n1 /&s = 'dabbl+-*ick1' mean+ a bird ( small size1 t nei!r wades1 nor dives1 nor runs1 nor swims1 nor flies1 9 a consi/5t mann]2 b humor\sly dabbles1 or dips1 or flutt]s1 or trips1 or pla%es1 or paddles1 & is always do+ all mann] ( odd & delightful ?+s3 be+ also v good-humor$1 & 9 consequ5ce1 ?\gh graceful1 incl9$ to plumpness2#bj & ?\gh x nev] waddles1 sometimes1 = a m9ute or two1 'toddles1' & n[ & !n looks m l a ball ?an a bird4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 be+ clev]1 !y are also brave1 & w\ld be z tame z any o!r *ick5s1 if we w\ld let !m4 ,!y are mo/ly %ore birds1 liv+ at ! edge ( irregul>ly brok5 wat]1 ei!r /reams or sea2 & ! repres5tative ( ! :ole gr\p ) :i* we w beg9 is ! my/]i\s little wat]-ouzel1 or 'oiselle1' prop]ly ! wat]-blackbird1--,buffon's 'm]le d'eau'--= ouzel is ! classic & poetic ^w = ! blackbird1 or ouzel-cock1 s black ( hue1 9 ',midsumm] ,night's ,dream4' ,johnson gives x f ! ,saxon 'osle'2 b 9 ,*auc] x mu/ be und]/ood simply z ! fem99e ( oiseau4 ,! bird 9 "q might1 h[ev]1 be m prop]ly call$1 z ,bewick calls x1 'wat] pyot1' or wat] magpie1 = only its back & w+s are black1--its head br[n1 & brea/ sn[ :ite4 #bj ,or 9 ,fr5*1 'embonpo9t4' #ij4 ,& n[ ,i mu/1 once = all1 get ov] a difficulty 9 ! description ( birds' co/ume4 ,i c always describe ! neck-fea!rs1 z su*1 :5 birds h any neck to speak (2 b :51 z ! majority ( dab*icks1 !y h n any1--in/ead ( talk+ ( '?roat-fea!rs' & '/oma*-fea!rs1' :i* bo? seem to me r ugly words1 ,i %all call ! brea/ fea!rs ! '*emisette1' & all bel[ !m ! 'bodice4' ,i am n[ able1 )\t incivility1 to di/+ui% ! two families ( ,wat]-ouzel4 ,bo? h :ite *emisettes1 b ! common wat]-ouzel 7,c9clus aquaticus ( ,g\ld7 has a :ite bodice1 & ! o!r a black "o1 ! bird be+ call$ !re=e1 9 ugly ,greek1 ',melanoga/]1' 'black-/oma*$4' ,! black bodice is ,norwegian fa%ion--! :ite1 ,engli%2 & ,i f9d t 9 ,switz]l& !re is an int]m$iate ,rob9-ouzel1 ) a r$ bodice3 b ! orni?ologi/s are at v>iance z to 8 'specific' exi/5ce4 ,! *emisette is always :ite4 #ia4 ,h[ev] dress$1 & :]ev] born1 ! ,ouzel is ess5tially a m\nta9-torr5t bird1 &1 ,bewick says1 may be se5 p]*$ on a /one 9 ! mid/ ( a /ream1 9 a cont9ual dipp+ motion1 or %ort curtsey (t5 repeat$1 :ile x is wat*+ = its food1 :i* consi/s ( small fi%es & insects1--wat] insects1 t is to say1 caught mo/ly at ! bottom2 _m-legg$ & %rimpy ?+s1 accord+ to ,g\ld's plate4 ,! popul> tradition t x c walk "u ! wat] has be5 d5i$ by sci5tific p2 b !re is no d\bt :atev] ( ! fact1--see ! au!ntic evid5ce ( x 9 ! delightful little monograph ( ! bird publi%$ by ! ,c>lisle ,naturali/'s ,society2 b h[ ! ?+ is done nobody b ! ouzel kn[s4 ,its /rong little feet1 inde$1 h pl5ty ( grip 9 !m1 b _c lay hold ( smoo? /ones1 & ,mr4 ,g\ld himself does n solve ! problem4 ,"s ass]t t x is done by cl++ to ! pebbles ) its /rong claws2 o!rs1 by consid]able ex]tion & a rapid movem5t ( ! w+s4 ,its silky plumage is imp]vi\s to wet2 & h5ce :5 ! bird returns to ! surface1 ! pe>ly drops :i* roll (f into ! /ream are ! only evid5ce ( its rec5t subm]sion4 ,x is1 inde$1 v int]e/+ to obs]ve ?is pretty bird walk d[n a /one1 quietly desc5d into ! wat]1 rise aga9 p]haps at a di/ance ( sev]al y>ds d[n ! /ream1 & 'fly'#ba back to ! place x _h j left1 to p]=m ! same maneuv] ! next m9ute1 ! sil5ce ( ! int]val brok5 by its *e]ful w>bl+ song4 #ba ,w+ its way 9 ! orni?ological language4 ,i %all take leave usually to sub/itute ! vulg> ^w 'fly1' = ?is poetical phrase4 #ib4 ,9 :i*1 y see1 we h ! reason = its be+ call$ 'wat]-blackbird1' be+1 ,i ?9k1 ! only "o ( ! dab*icks t really s+s4 ,"s ( ! o!rs1 7s&-pip]s7 pipe2 & o!rs1 ! /9ts1 say '/9t' 9 a *>m+ mann]2 b none ( !m s+ except ! oiselle4 ,v s+ul>ly1 ! black-bodic$ "o seems to l liv+ ne> manufactories4 ,! specim5 9 ! ,norwi* ,museum1 says ,mr4 ,g\ld1 is ! "o m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,lubbock1 9 #ahde1 z 'lately' %ot at ,hellesdon ,mills2 & two o!rs are /at$ by ! same au?or to h be5 se5 at diff]5t times by tru/wor?y obs]v]s at ,m>l+=d & ,sax?orpe4 ,( m rec5t occurr5ce ,i may m5tion a male 9 my own collection1 :i* 0 br\ght to me 9 ! fle%1 hav+ be5 %ot 9 ,novemb]1 #ahee1 :il/ hov]+ ov] ! riv] betwe5 ! f\ndry bridge & ! f]ry4 ,x is n a little s+ul> t a bird s accu/om$ to ! cle> runn+ /reams ( ! nor?1 & ! quiet haunts ( ! 'sil5t angl]1' %\ld be f\nd1 z 9 ?is case1 almo/ )9 ! walls ( ! city1 sport+ ov] a riv] turbid & discolor$ f ! neighbor+ factories1 & ) ! busy noise ( traffic on e side4 ,ab\t ! same "t t ?is bird appe>$ ne> ! city1 ?ree o!rs 7 obs]v$ on m ?an "o occasion on ! ,e>lham riv]1 by ,mr4 ,f\nta9e1 ( ,ea/on1 :o is well acqua9t$ ) our ,briti% birds2 b ^! sudd5ly disappe>$1 & 7 n se5 aga94 ,& all w disappe>1 & nev] be se5 aga91 b 9 skeleton1 ill-cov]$ ) camphorat$ rags ( sk91 "u ! pres5t sci5tific disp5sation2 unless "s k9d-he>t$ nor!rn squire w let !m h ! run & ! dip ( 8 brooks2 & tea* ! village *ildr5 to let !m alone if !y l to wade d[n to ! village4 ,i am sixty-two1 & h pass$ z mu* "t out ( ^? ye>s by torr5t sides z mo/ p4 ,b ,i h nev] se5 a wat]-ouzel alive4 ,,ii4 ,,allegretta ,,nymph,a4 ,,lily-,,ouzel4 #ic4 ,we h got s f>1 by help ( our fir/ example1 9 ! etymology ( our entire class1 z to re/ 9 ! easily memorable root 'dab1' %ort = dabble1 z ! f\ndation ( compreh5sive nom5clature4 ,b ! e>li] 7if n ,aryan67 root 'dip1' mu/ be tak5 good he$ to1 also1 because1 z we fur!r /udy ! cu/oms ( aquatic *ick5s1 we %all f9d t !y really mass !mselves "u ! ?ree great heads ( ',duck]s1' birds t duck _! heads only1 & /ick up _! tails 9 ! air2--',dipp]s1' birds t take real dips "u1 b n f> d[n1 9 %all[ wat] mo/ly1 = ?+s at ! bottom1 or else to get out ( h>m's way1 /ay+ d[n ab\t z long z we c\ld ourselves1 if we 7 us$ to x2--& ',div]s1' :o plunge l /ones :5 !y *oose1--c g nobody kn[s h[ deep 9 ! deep sea1--& swim "u ! wat] j z com=tably z ^u x1 & z fa/1 if n fa/]4 ,b al?\gh ?is is cle>ly ! practical & poetical division1 we c't make x a sci5tific "o2 = ! dipp]s & dabbl]s are s l ea* o!r t we mu/ take !m toge!r2 & s also ! duck]s & div]s are insep>able 9 "s ( _! =ms3 s t1 = conv5i5ce ( class+1 we mu/ keep to ! /ill m g5]al rank ,i h giv5--dab*ick1 duck1 & gull1--! la/ be+ ess5tially ! a]ial sea-bird1 :i* lives on ! w+4 #id4 ,b !re is yet "o m 'mode ( motion' to be ?\ght (1 9 ! class we are n[ exam9+4 ,sev]al ( !m ought really to be describ$1 n z dip*icks1 b z trip-*icks2 be+1 z f> z ,i c make out1 little 9 ! habit ( go+ "u wat]2 b mu* 9 ! habit ( walk+ or tripp+ da9tily ov] x1 on su* raft or float z !y may f9d con/ruct$ = !m by wat]-lily or o!r buoyant leaves4 ,( ^! come & trip x z y come *icks1--7my em5dation ( ,milton is surely m reasonable ?an ! em5dations ( comm5tators z a body1 = we d n1 any ( u1 l to see our mi/resses trip x z !y g7--!re are1 ,i f9d1 pictur$ by ,mr4 ,g\ld1 ?ree 'species1' call$ by him1 ,porzana ,m9uta1 ,olivace\s ,crake2 ,porzana ,pygma1 ,baillon's ,crake2 & ,porzana ,m>uetta1 ,spott$ ,crake4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i f9d ',porzana' to be inde$ ,italian = 'wat]-h51' b ,i c't f9d its d]ivation2 & 9 ! second place1 ^! little birds are nei!r wat]-h5s nor moor-h5s1 nor wat]-cocks nor moor-cocks2 nei!r c ,i f9d1 ei!r 9 ,g\ld1 ,y>rell1 or ,bewick1 ! slighte/ notice ( _! voices6--?\gh x is only 9 impli$ depreciation ( _! quality1 t we h any bus9ess to call !m ',crakes1' ',croaks1' or ',creaks4' ,9 ! ?ird place1 ',olivace\s' is n a translation ( ',m9uta1' nor ',baillon's' ( ',pygma1' nor 'spott$' ( ',m>uetta'2 :i* la/ is ano!r ( ! words t mean no?+ 9 any language t ,i "k (1 ?\gh ! ,fr5* h adopt$ x z ',m>\ette4' ,& 9 ! f\r? place1 ,i c't make out any diff]5ce1 ei!r 9 text or picture1 betwe5 ,mr4 ,baillon's ,crake1 & ! 'm9ute' "o1 except t ! m9ute "o is ! bigg]1 & has few] :ite m>ks 9 ! c5t] ( ! back4 #ie4 ,= our purposes1 !re=e1 ,i mean to call all ! ?ree v>ieties nei!r ,crake nor ,porzan1 b ',allegretta1' :i* w at once rem9d u ( _! motion2 ! l>g] "o1 n9e in*es long1 ,i f9d call$ always ,spott$ ,crake1 s t %all be ',allegretta ,maculata1' ,spotty ,allegret2 & ! two little ones %all be1 "o1 ! ,t9y ,allegret1 & ! o!r ! ,/>ry ,allegret 7,allegretta ,m9uta1 & ,allegretta ,/ell>is72 all ! ?ree v>ieties be+ g5]ally ?\ght ( by ! pla9 ,engli% "n ,i h giv5 at ! head ( ?is section1 ',lily-,ouzel' 7see1 9 #g1 page #e1 ! explanation ( my sy/em ( dual epi!t1 & its limitations4 ,i note1 briefly1 :at may be prop]ly consid]$ di/9ctive 9 ! ?ree k9ds47 ,,ii4,a4 ,,allegretta ,,nymph,a1 ,,maculata4 ,,spott$ ,,allegret4 #if4 ,wat]-,crake or ',skitty' ( ,bewick1--,fr5*1 ',p\le d'eau ,m>\ette1' 7we may p]haps take ,m>\ette z euphoni\s = ,maculata1 b ,i wi% ,i knew :at x meant72--?\gh s light ( foot1 flies heavily2 &1 :5 compell$ to take w+1 m]ely passes ov] ! tops ( ! re$s to "s place ( security a %ort di/ance (f4 7,g\ld47 ,! body is 9 all ^! ,rails compress$ 7,y>rell1--he means lat]ally ?971 :i* enables !m to make _! way ?r\gh d5se h]bage ) facility4 ,i c't f9d any?+ cle> ab\t its c\ntry1 except t x 'occasionally visits' ,sw$5 9 summ]1 & ,smyrna 9 w9t]1 & t x has be5 f\nd 9 ,corfu1 ,sicily1 ,crete1--,:ittlesea ,m]e1--& ,y>ley ,f52--9 m>%es always1 :]ev] x is2 7no?+ said ( its behavior on ice17 & n g5]ally f\nd f>!r nor? ?an ,cumb]l&4 ,its food is r na/y--wat]-slugs & ! l1--b x is itself z fat z an ortolan1 almo/ melts 9 ! h&4 7,g\ld47 ,its own color1 br[n spott$ ) :ite2 ! spots on ! w+ cov]ts surr\nd$ ) black1 :i* gives !m a /udd$ or pe>ly appe>ance4 7,bewick1--he means by 'pe>ly1' r\nd$ or project+47 ,h5ce my specific epi!t4 ,its "y are ( ! livelie/ black1 little balls ( black gli/5+ d[n1 beautifully put by ,mr4 ,g\ld among ! :ite wat] ,cr[foot 7,ranunculus ,aquatilis71 look+ l little duckl+s 9 m\rn+4 ,its ne/ is made ( ru%es & o!r buoyant mat]ials matt$ toge!r1 s z to float on1 & rise or fall )1 ! ebb+ or fl[+ ( ! wat] l a boat2 & to prev5t its be+ c>ri$ away1 x is moor$ or fa/5$ to a re$4 7,bewick47 ,,ii4,b4 ,,allegretta ,,nymph,a1 ,,/ell>is4 ,,/>ry ,,allegret4 #ig4 ,call$ ',/ell>is' by ,temm9ck4--,i d n f9d :y1 b x is by mu* ! brighte/ 9 color ( ! ?ree1 & may be ?\ght ( z ! /> ( !m4 ,g\ld says x is ! lea/1 also1 & calls x ! ',pigmy'2 b we c't keep t "n )\t confus+ x ) ! ',m9uta4' ',baillon's ,crake' seems ! mo/ commonly accept$ title1--z ! wor/ possible4 ,bo? ?is1 & ! m quietly ton$ ,t9y1 9 ,mr4 ,g\ld's delightful plates ( !m1 h s(tly br[n backs1 exquisitely erm9$ by black m>k+s at ! root ( ea* fea!r1 foll[+ into s]ies ( small waves1 l little break]s on s&4 ,!y h lovely gray *emisettes1 /rip$ gray bodices1 & gre5 bills & feet2 a little orange /a9 at ! root ( ! gre5 bill1 & ! bright r$ iris ( ! eye h wond]ful effect 9 w>m+ ! color ( ! :ole bird3 & ) beautiful fancy ,mr4 ,g\ld has put ! ,/ell>is among yell[ wat]-lilies to set (f its gray2 & a yell[ butt]fly ) blue & r$ spots1 & black-speckl$ w+s 7,papilio ,ma*aon71 to h>monize bo?4 ,x is j z if ! fl[] 7 gradually turn+ into ! bird4 ,examples ( ! ,/>ry ,allegret h be5 'obta9$'--9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s4 ,x is said to be num]\s1 unobta9$1 9 ,india1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,p]sia1 ,greece1 ,nor? ,africa1 ,italy1 & ,france4 ,i h nev] he>d ( anybody's see+ x1 h[ev]4 ,,ii4,c4 ,,allegretta ,,nymph,a1 ,,m9uta4 ,,t9y ,,allegret4 #ih4 ',t9y ,allegret1'--,y>rell's ',little ,crake1' 7b see names 9 ,app5dix74 ,x is a little m rosy ?an ',/ell>is' 9 ! gray ( its neck1 pass+ into br[n2 & ,mr4 ,g\ld has put x ) a p9k wat] plant1 :i* h>monizes ) x to ! bird's advantage2 :ile ! t9y creature /&s on ! b5t leaf ( a re$1 & sc>cely b5ds x m6 ,x runs ) rapidity ov] brok5 re$s1 & moves gracefully1 rais+ & display+ its tail at e /ep4 ,x has s v small a tail to display1 h[ev]1 t ,i %\ld h>dly ?9k ! display 0 wor? :ile4 ,x is v cunn+1 & especially noticeable = ! subtlety ) :i* x we>ies ! dog ( ! sportsman by execut+ a ?\s& evolutions ) surpris+ cel]ity2 :5ce comes ! trivial "n ( 'kill-dog' be/[$ ^u x 9 "s localities4 ,pursu$ to extremity1 x ca/s itself into ! wat]1 swims ) ease1 & dives at ! mom5t its enemy is ab\t to seize x2 or x conceals itself 9 a tuft ( re$s or a bu%1 & by ?is means (t5 escapes ) impunity4 ,x loves to bre$ among ! re$s1 & 9 long & ?ick grass1 frequ5tly 9 small companies ( its own species1 or ( ! ,/ell>is4 ,! female lays h] eggs on an in>tificially con/ruct$ plat=m ( decay$ leaves or /alks ( m>% plants1 slightly elevat$ above ! wat]4 ,h[ elevat$1 ,i _c f9d prop] acc\nt1--t is to say1 :e!r x is hung to ! /ems ( gr[+ re$s1 or built on hillocks ( soil1 b ! bird is always liable to h its ne/ ov]fl[$ by floods4 ,! full-gr[n bird is dress$ 9 an exquisite p]fection ( b>r$ bodice1 spott$ *emisette1 & wav$ fea!rs edg$ ) gray on ! back4 #ii4 ,! read] w please recollect ^! ?ree ,allegrets z ! second gr\p ( ! dab- or dabble-*icks2 &1 :ile ! wat]-ouzel is a m\nta9 & torr5t bird1 ^! inhabit exclusively flat l&s & calm wat]1 belong+ prop]ly to temp]ate1 incl9+ to w>m1 climates1 & able to gladd5 = u--z _! "n n[ giv5 implies--_m sc5es & places o!rwise little enliv5$2 & to make ! v gnats ( !m pr(itable to u1 7 we wise en\gh4 ,da9ty & delightful creatures 9 all _! ways1--voice only dubitable1 b ,i hope n a %riek or a squeak2--& !re seems to be no reason :atev] :y half our f5 l&s %\ld n be turn$ into b$s ( :ite wat] lilies & gold5 ducks1 ) jetty duckl+s1 to ! great com=t ( ,engli% s\ls4#bb #bb ,comp>e ,bi%op ,/anley's acc\nt ( ! l>g] tropical ',jacana1' p4 #caa4 ,"o species is (t5 tam$1 & f its be+ a resolute enemy to birds ( prey1 ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntries :]e x is f\nd 7:i* be !y87 re> x z a protector = _! f[ls1 z x n only fe$s ) !m1 b accompanies !m into ! fields1 & br+s !m back 9 ! ev5+6 ,,iii4 ,,trepida ,,/agn>um4 ,,little ,,grebe4 #ajj4 ,! two birds--,torr5t-ouzel1 & ,lily-ouzel1--:i* we h be5 j describ+1 agree1 y w obs]ve1 9 delicate & s+ul> use ( _! feet 9 ! wat]2 ! torr5t-ouzel hold+ itself my/]i\sly at ! bottom2 & ! lily-ouzel1 less my/]i\sly1 b z skillfully1 on ! top 7= ,i =got to note1 respect+ ?is raft-walk+1 t ! bird1 h[ev] light1 mu/ be always c>eful n to tread on ! edges ( leaves1 b 9 ! middle1 or1 r1 z ne>ly z may be :]e !y are set on ! /alk2 x w\ld g 9 at once if x trod on ! edges74 ,b bo? ! birds h ! foot :i* is really *>act]i/ic ( l&1 n wat]-birds2 & especially ( ^? l& species t run well4 ,( ! real action ( ! toes1 ei!r 9 runn+1 or hopp+1 no?+ is told u by ! anatomi/s--7comp>e lecture on ,rob91 #bf72 b ,i hope be=e long to get at "s ( ! facts respect+ ! great] flexibility ( ! gripp+ & climb+ feet1 & ela/icity ( runn+ ones2 & to draw up some?+ l a prop]ly graduat$ scale ( ! l5g? ( ! toes 9 proportion to t ( ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,&1 = "o "q1 relative to ?is--! balance ( a bird /&+1 n gripp+--is to be ?\ght (4 ,tak+ a typical pr(ile ( bird-=m 9 its ab/ract1 ) beak1 belly1 & foot1 horizontal 7,fig4 #ab71 ! security ( ! /&+1 7suppos+ atomic weight equal ?r\gh ! bird's body1 & ! w1 9 ! ankle1 ( iron17 is ! same z ( an inv]t$ cone1 betwe5 ! dott$ l9es f ! extremities ( ! foot to ^? ( ! body2 &1 ( c\rse1 ) a little grip ( ! foot or h9d claw1 ! bird c be safe 9 almo/ any position x likes4 ,nev]!less1 :5 ! feet are z small 9 proportion z ! ,torr5t-ouzel's1 ,i greatly d\bt ! possibility ( su* a balance z ,bewick has giv5 x 7,fig4 #ac a74 ,g\ld's ( ! black-bodic$ ,ouzel 7,fig4 #ac b7 is1 ,i imag9e1 "r4 ,bewick 0 infallible 9 plume texture1 & expression ei!r ( ! features ( animals1 or ( any action t _h mean+ 9 x2 b he 0 s+ul>ly c>eless ( indiff]5t po9ts 9 geometry or p]spective2 & ev5 loses "* 9 8 wat]-birds1 by mak+ !m always swim on ! top ( ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac;a4 #aja4 ,b1 :atev] _! balance ( body1 or use ( foot1 ! two birds j exam9$ are1 z ,i said1 ess5tially connect$ ) ! runn+ l& birds1 or broadly1 ! ,plov]s2 & ) ! ,s&-runn]s1 or 7f _! cry7 ,s&pip]s1 :i* ,mr4 ,g\ld evid5tly associates m5tally ) ! ,plov]s1 9 8 description ( ! plumage ( ! ,dunl92 :ile he gives to !m 9 8 plates ( t bird--! little ,/9t1 & common ,s&pip]--mo/ subtle action ) _! f9e feet1--?read-f9e1 almo/1 9 ! toes2 requir+ u1 x seems to me1 to consid] !m z entirely l&-birds1 h[ev] fond ( ! wave m>g9s4 ,b ! next real wat]-ouzel we come to1 belongs to a gr\p ) feet l little horse-*e/nut leaves2 ea* toe hav+ its sep>ate lobes ( web4 ,:y sep>at$1 ,i _c yet make out1 b ! bird swims1 or ev5 dives1 on occasion1 ) dext]ity & =ce4 ,^! lobe-foot$ birds consi/ fir/ ( ! ,grebes1 :i* are connect$ ) fre%-wat] ducks2 &1 secondly1 ( ! ,phal>opes1 :i* are a sort ( sea-gulls4 ,no bird :i* is n prop]ly web-foot$ has any bus9ess to ?9k itself ei!r true duck or true gull2 b z1 bo? 9 size & habit ( life1 ! l>g] grebes & phal>opes are entirely aquatic & m>9e1 ,i %all take out ( !m into my class ( dab*icks1 only ^? :i* are lit]ally dabbl]s 9 habit1 & *ick5s 9 size4 ,& ( ! ,grebes1 !re=e1 only ! "o commonly kn[n z ! ,dab*ick1 ! ',little ,grebe1' ',colymbus ,m9utus' 7,m9ute ,div]71 ( ,l9nu4 ,a summ>y ^w or two1 fir/1 respect+ ! ,grebe family1 w be useful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac;b4 #ajb4 ,grebe1 prop]ly1 ,i suppose1 ,grbe1 f ! ,fr5*1 is n 9 ,johnson1 nor d any ( my books tell me :at x means4 ,i reta9 x1 h[ev]1 z be+ %ort1 n ugly1 & well e/abli%$ 9 two languages4 ,we may ?9k ( x z =m$ f gr1 & mean+ 'a nice bird4' ,! specialities ( ! :ole class1 easily rememb]$1 are1 fir/1 t !y h *e/nut-leaf feet2 secondly1 t _! legs are s]rat$ beh9d ) a d\ble r[ ( not*es--7:y872 ?irdly1 t !y h no tails2 f\r?ly1 t !y h1 mo/ ( !m1 v f9e & v comic cre/s1 tufts1 tippets1 & o!r v>i\sly appli$ app5dages to _! heads & *9s1 s t "s are call$ 'cre/$1' "s 'e>$1' "s 'tippet$1' & s on2 b ! lea/ ( !m1 our prop] ,dab*ick1 displays no absurdity ( ?is sort1 & ,i h ! less scruple 9 di/+ui%+ x f o!rs4 ,i f9d1 fur!r1 9 ,/anley's classes1 ! ,grebes plac$ among ! %ort-w+$ birds1 & made to include all ! div]s2 b he does n say h[ %ort _! w+s are2 & 8 gr\p+ !m ) guillemots & puff9s is entirely absurd1 all _! ways & looks1 & abodes1 be+ ^? ( ducks4 ,we c say no m ( !m z a family1 accord+ly1 until we "k :at a duck is2--& ,i g on to ! little pet ( !m1 ^: ways are m entirely its own4 #ajc4 ,/rangely1 ! mo/ int]e/+ fact 7if fact x be7 t x builds a float+ ne/1 ga9s sc>cely m ?an *ance notice f its hi/orians4 ,"h is ,mr4 ,g\ld's acc\nt ( x3 ,! mat]ials compos+ ?is raft or ne/ are we$s & aquatic plants c>efully heap$ toge!r 9 a r\nd$ =m2 x is v l>ge at ! base1 & is s con/antly add$ to1 t a consid]able portion ( x becomes subm]g$2 at ! same "t x is suffici5tly buoyant to admit ( its sauc]-l holl[ top be+ always above ! surface4 ,9 ?is wet depression five or six eggs are laid4 ,! bird1 always mo/ al]t1 is /ill m s n[1 & sc>cely ev] admits ( a ne> exam9ation ( ! ne/-mak+1 or ( a view ( ! eggs4 ,9 favorable situations1 h[ev]1 & ) ! aid ( a telescope1 ! process may be wat*$2 & x is n a little int]e/+ to notice ) :at rem>kable quickness ! dab*ick scrat*es ! we$s ov] h] eggs ) h] feet1 :5 %e p]ceives h]self obs]v$1 s z n to lead ev5 to ! suspicion t any 7 deposit$ on ! ill-%ap5 float+ mass4 ,?is "w ( an in/ant displays z mu* skill 9 deception z c well be imag9$4 #ajd4 ,x is /ill left to "q1 fir/1 :at is meant by a wet depression8--does ! bird actually sit 9 ! wat]1 & are ! eggs "u x8 &1 if n1 h[ is ! wat] kept out8 ,secondly1 is ! float+ ne/ an*or$1 & h[8 ,look+ to o!r orni?ologi/s = solution ( ^! p>ticul>s1 ,i f9d nobody else say any?+ ab\t a float+ ne/ at all4 ,bewick describes x z be+ ( a l>ge size1 & compos$ ( a v great quantity ( grass & wat] plants1 at lea/ a foot 9 ?ickness1 & s plac$ 9 ! wat] t ! female hat*es h] eggs amid/ ! cont9ual wet 9 :i* !y 7 fir/ laid4 ,y>rell says only t x is a l>ge flat ne/ made ( aquatic plants2 :ile ,morris f9ally complicates ! :ole bus9ess by tell+ u t ! ne/ is plac$ (t5 z mu* z tw5ty or ?irty y>ds f ! wat]1 t x is compos$ ( %ort pieces ( roots1 re$s1 ru%es1 & flags1 & t :5 dry ! :ole naturally becomes v brittle4#bc #bc ,i he>1 f a fri5d 9 ^: /atem5ts ,i h absolute confid5ce1 t he has f\nd ! eggs ( ! wat]-h5 laid on a dead sycamore leaf by ! side ( a %all[ /ream1 "o ( ! _m brooks ne> ,uxbridge4 #aje4 ,:ile1 out ( my fifte5 volumes ( orni?ology1 ,i c obta9 only ?is v vague acc\nt ( ! prettie/ bird1 next to ! k+fi%]1 t haunts our ,engli% riv]s1 ,i h no d\bt ! mo/ precise & accurate acc\nts are obta9able ( ! %apes ( h] bones & ! s9uosities ( h] l>ynx2 b ab\t ^! ,i am l[-m9d$ en\gh n to feel ! slighte/ curiosity4 ,i return to ,mr4 ,g\ld1 !re=e1 to ga!r "s pleasant] p>ticul>s2 fir/1 namely1 t %e has a w9t] & summ] dress1--9 w9t] olive gray & :ite1 b 9 summ]1 7*ang+ at m>riage "t7 deep olive black1 ) d>k *e/nut *emisette4 ,infant dab*icks h delicate rose-color$ bills1 h>lequ9-l m>k+s1 & rosy-:ite aprons4 ,! h>lequ9-l m>k+s ,i %\ld call1 r1 agate-l1 especially on ! head1 :]e !y are black & :ite1 l an onyx4 ,! bodies look m l a little walnut-%ell1 or nutmeg ) w+s to x1 or ?+s t are to be w+s1 "s day4 #ajf4 ,ev5 :5 full-gr[n1 ! birds nev] fly mu*1--nev] m1 says ,morris1 ?an six or t5 feet above ! wat]1 & = ! mo/ "p trail+ _! legs 9 x2 b ei!r on ! wat] or "u x1 e movem5t is *>act]iz$ by ! mo/ consummate dext]ity1 & facile agility4 ,! mo/ exp]t wat]man t sculls 8 skiff on ! ,?ames or ,isis1 is b an humble & unskillful imitator ( ! dab*ick4 ,9 mov+ /raight=w>d 7"u wat]871 ! w+s are us$ to aid its progress1 z if 9 ! air1 & 9 turn+ x has an easy glid+ motion1 feet & w+s be+ us$1 z occasion requires1 sometimes on "o side & sometimes on ! o!r4 ,x walks b indiff]5tly1 z may readily be imag9$ f ! position ( ! legs1 s v f> back4 ,x is pleasant to wat* ! p>5t bird fe$+ h] "y3 d[n %e dives ) a quick turn1 & pres5tly rises aga9 )1 five times out ( six1 a m9n[1 or o!r little fi%1 glitt]+ l silv] 9 h] bill4 ,! "y ru% t[>ds ! spot :]e ! "m has come up1 b %e does n drop ! fi% into ! wat] = !m to receive until %e has well %ak5 x ab\t & kill$ x1 s t x may n escape1 :5 = ! la/ "t 9 its own elem5t4 ,i h se5 a "y "o :i* _h j seiz$1 out ( its turn ,i h no d\bt1 ! captur$ prey1 *as$ away by h]1 & pursu$ 9 app>5t ang]1 z if = puni%m5t1 ! foll[+ "o be+ will+ly giv5 ! next fi% )\t any demur4 #ajg4 ,mr4 ,g\ld seems to ?9k t ! dab*ick likes insects & fi% spawn bett] ?an fi%1 or at lea/ m prud5tly d9es ^u !m4 ,t fi% are tak5 we h positive evid5ce f examples hav+ be5 repeat$ly pick$ up dead by ! fi%]m5 ( ! ,?ames1 ) a bull-head or mill]'s ?umb 9 _! ?roats1 & by :i* !y _h evid5tly be5 *ok$ 9 ! act ( swall[+ !m4 ,t x is especially fond ( insects is %[n by ! great activity x displays1 :5 9 captivity1 9 captur+ h\se-flies & o!r dipt]a4 ,^? :o h visit$ ,p>is w probably h se5 ! grebes 9 ! w9d[ ( ! re/aurateur 9 ! ,rue de ,rivoli4 ,= ye>s h a pair ( ^! birds be5 liv+1 app>5tly 9 ! greate/ enjoym5t1 )9 ! glass w9d[1 attract+ ! admiration ( all ! pass]s-by4 ,! extreme agility ) :i* !y sail$ r\nd _! little prison1 or scrambl$ ov] ! half-subm]g$ piece ( rock = a fly1 0 v rem>kable4 ,t no bird c be m easily kept 9 a /ate ( conf9em5t is c]ta94 #ajh4 ,?is "q ab\t its food is closely connect$ ) t ( its div+4 ,s f> z ,i und]/& ,mr4 ,morris1 x dives only :5 di/urb$1 & to escape1--rema9+ "u wat]1 h[ev]1 if ne$ be1 an almo/ incr$ible "t1 & swimm+ und]nea? x to great di/ances4 ,"h we h1 if we w\ld only ?9k ( x1 ! same "q z t ab\t ! wat]-ouzel1 h[ x keeps d[n2 & we mu/ n[ note a few g5]al po9ts ab\t div+ birds altoge!r4 ,x is easy to und]/& h[ ! prop]ly s-call$ div]s c plunge ) impetus to great dep?s1 or keep !mselves at ! bottom by cont9u$ /rokes ( ! webb$ feet2 b nei!r h[ ! ouzel walks at ! bottom1 if x be specifically light] ?an ! wat]1 nor h[ a bird c swim horizontally "u ! surface2 at lea/ x is n en\gh expla9$ t ! action mu/ be always t ( oblique div+1 ! bird regulat+ ! /roke accord+ to ! upw>d pressure ( ! wat] at diff]5t dep?s4 #aji4 ,b !re are _m o!r po9ts ne$+ elucidation4 ,x is said 7& beautifully insi/$ on1 by ,mi*elet17 t great spaces 9 ! bones ( birds t pass mo/ ( _! lives 9 flight are fill$ ) air3 presumably ! bones ( ! div]s are made comp>atively solid1 or x is ev5 conceivable--if conceptions or suppositions 7 ( any use1--t ! deep div]s may take 9 wat]1 to help !mselves to s9k4 ,! enorm\s dep?s at :i* !y h be5 caught1 accord+ to report1 _c be rea*$ by any m]e ef=t ( /r5g?1 if ! body rema9$ z buoyant z x evid5tly is on ! surface4 ,! /r5g? ( ! w+ mu/1 h[ev]1 be enorm\s1 = ! great nor!rn div] is describ$ z swimm+ "u wat] z x 7 ) ! velocity ( an arr[ 9 ! air 7,y>rell1 vol4 iii41 page #dca72 or to keep to m measur$ fact1 ,sir ,william ,j>d9e says1 ,i h pursu$ ?is bird 9 a ,ne:av5 fi%+-boat ) f\r /urdy r[]s1 & not)/&+ x 0 kept almo/ con/antly "u wat] by fir+ z soon z x appe>$1 ! boat c\ld n succe$ 9 mak+ "o y>d ^u x 7ibid41 p4 #dcb74 #aaj4 ,b ?is is foll[$ by ! amaz+ /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,dunn1 p4 #dcc1 t 9 ! act ( div+ x does n appe> to make ! lea/ ex]tion1 b s9ks gradually "u ! surface1 )\t ?r[+ itself =w>d1 ! head be+ ! la/ "p t disappe>s4 ,i am n fond ( ! ^w 'impossible1' b ,i ?9k ,i am safe 9 say+ t accord+ to ! laws ( nature no buoyant body c s9k m]ely by an act ( volition2 & t x mu/ pull itself d[n by "s hi!rto unconceiv$ action ( ! feet1 :i* 9 ?is bird are imm5sely broad & /rong1 & s flat t x _c walk ) !m1 any m ?an we c\ld ) two flat bo>ds a y>d squ>e ti$ to our feet2 b1 :5 x is caught on l&1 %oves its body along ^u ! gr\nd1 l a seal1 by j]ks4 ,all ^! div+ motions are execut$ 9 a m delicate b q z wond]ful way by ! dab*ick1--m wond]ful inde$ x may be said1 because x has only ! divid$ or *e/nut-leaf-l foot1 to /rike )4 ,we %all und]/& x p]haps a little bett] aft] trac+1 9 a future talk1 ! hi/ory ( its relations among ! small] sea-gulls2 meantime1 9 quitt+ ! little da9ty creature1 ,i mu/ plead = a da9ti] ,lat9 "n ?an x has n[--',podiceps4' ,no "o seems to h ! lea/ idea :at t means2 & ',colymbus1' div]1 mu/ be kept = ! great ,nor!rn ,div] & 8 deep-sea relatives1 f> remov$ f our little liv+ ripple-l9e ( ! pools4 ,i c't ?9k ( any "o pretty en\gh2 b = ! pres5t ',trepida' may s]ve2 & p]haps be appli$1 n improp]ly1 to all ! ,grebes1 ) ref]5ce to _! subtle & in/ant escape f any sudd5 dang]4 7,see ,/anley1 p4 #dai47 ,x requires all ! address ( a ke5 sportsman to get )9 %ot1 & :5 he does1 ! bird may /ill be too %rewd = him4 ,i fir$ at ! di/ance ( ?irty y>ds2 my gun w5t quick z lightn+1 b ! grebe w5t quick]1 & scrambl+ ov]1 out ( sight1 came up aga9 9 a few seconds p]fectly unhurt4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 t unless ,i receive "s bett] sugge/ion1 ',trepida ,/agn>um' may be ! suffici5tly intelligible ,lat9 r5am+ ( our easily />tl$ favorite4 ,,iv4 ,,titania ,,arctica4 ,,arctic ,,fairy4 #aaa4 ,i mu/ fir/ get quit ( ! confusion ( names = ?is bird4 ,l9nu1 9 ! ,fauna ,suecica1 p4 #fd1 calls x ',tr+a ,lobata1' b aft]w>ds ',nor!rn ,tr+a'2 & 8 editor1 ,gmel91 ',d>k ,tr+a4' ,o!r p agree to call x a 'phal>ope1' b "s ( !m 'nor!rn' phal>ope1 "s1 ! 'd>k' phal>ope2 "s1 ! 'a%y' phal>ope1 "s1 ! 'dispos$ to be a%y' phal>ope2 "s1 ! 'r$-neck$' phal>ope2 & "s1 ',mr4 ,williams's' phal>ope2 f9ally1 ,cuvi] calls x a ',lobipes1' & ,mr4 ,g\ld1 9 ,engli%1 'r$-neck$ phal>ope4' ,few p are likely to "k :at ',phal>ope' means1#bd & ,i believe nobody kn[s :at ',tr+a' means2 & z1 also1 nobody ev] sees x1 ! little bird be+ oblig$ to live 9 ,orkney1 ,gre5l&1 ,norway1 & ,lapl&1 out ( human creatures' way1 ,i %all myself call x ! ,arctic ,fairy4 ,x w\ld come s\? if we w\ld let x1 b ( c\rse ,mr4 ,bond says1 ,! fir/ specim5 ,i ev] _h 0 %ot by a fri5d ( m9e 9 ,septemb]1 #ahdb1 ne> ,s\!nd1 ,essex1 :]e he saw ! phal>ope swimm+ on ! wat]1 l a little duck1 ab\t a mile f l&2 n kn[+ :at x 01 he %ot x1 & k9dly br\ght x to me4 ,ano!r 0 %ot :ile runn+ betwe5 ! metals ( ! ,great ,ea/]n ,railway1 ne> ! ,/rat=d /ation1 e>ly 9 ,june1 #aheb2 & on ! ,norfolk coa/1 f\r o!rs h be5 kill$ dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s2 & ! birds' visits1 ?us1 satisfactorily1 put a /op to4 ,i c !re=e /udy x only 9 ,mr4 ,g\ld's draw+1 on consult+ :i*1 ,i f9d ! bird to be simply a sea dab*ick1--br[n /ripes on ! back1 & all2 b ! webs ( ! feet a little f9]1 & 9 its habits x is m l ! ,lily-ouzel1 accord+ to ! foll[+ report ( ,mr4 ,/4 ,john3 ,! r$-neck$ phal>ope is c]ta9ly ! mo/ beautiful little wad] ( my acqua9tance4 ,!re 7 a pair ( !m1 male & female1 fe$+ ne> ! lo*1 9 a little pool :i* 0 cov]$ ) we$s ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,no?+ c\ld be m graceful ?an ! movem5ts ( ^! two little birds1 z !y swam ab\t 9 se>* ( insects1 etc4 ,sometimes !y ran lightly on ! broad leaves ( ! wat]-lily :i* s]v$ !m = a raft1 & entirely kept !m out ( ! wat]4 ,?\gh n exactly web-foot$1 ! phal>ope swims ) ! greate/ ease4 ,! atta*m5t ( ^! two birds to ea* o!r seem$ v great3 :5ev] 9 _! se>* = food !y w&]$ s f> ap>t z to be hidd5 by ! int]v5+ we$s1 ! male bird /opp$ fe$+ sudd5ly1 &1 look+ r\nd1 utt]$ a l[ & musical call ( inquiry1 :i* 0 imm$iately answ]$ by ! female 9 a diff]5t note1 b p]fectly expressive ( h] answ]1 :i* "o might suppose to be to ! purport t %e 0 at h& & q safe2 on he>+ h]1 ! male imm$iately recomm5c$ fe$+1 b at ! same "t mak+ 8 way t[>ds h]2 %e also flew to meet him2 !y !n jo9$ company = a mom5t or two1 &1 aft] a few little notes ( ende>m5t1 turn$ (f aga9 9 diff]5t directions4 ,?is sc5e 0 repeat$ a doz5 times :ile ,i 0 wat*+ !m4 ,!y seem$ to h n ! slighte/ fe> ( me1 = frequ5tly !y came to )9 a y>d ( :]e ,i 0 sitt+1 & aft] look+ up !y cont9u$ cat*+ ! small wat]-insects1 etc41 on ! we$s1 )\t m9d+ my pres5ce 9 ! lea/4 ,:at rew>d ! birds got = ?is g5tle behavior1 we le>n f ! s5t5ce foll[+ aft] ! next two l9es1 conta9+ ! extremely valuable contribution to _! natural hi/ory1 t on dissect+ ! female we f\nd two eggs 9 h]4 #bd ,! t]m9al 'pe' is %ort = pus1 7p\s67 & 'phal]o1' f phal]a1 fr+es--,fr+e-foot 7,morris74 #aab4 ,all o!r acc\nts concur 9 express+ 7) z mu* admiration z is possible to naturali/s7 ! k9dly & frank disposition ( ?is bird2 :i* = ! re/ is almo/ a c5tral type ( all bird p[] ) elf gifts add$3 x flies l a l>k1 trips on wat]-lily leaves l a fairy1 swims l a duck1 & roves l a sea-gull1 hav+ be5 se5 sixty miles f l&3 &1 f9ally1 ?\gh liv+ *iefly 9 ,lapl& & ,icel&1 & o!r su* nor!rn c\ntries1 x has be5 se5 s]5ely swimm+ & cat*+ flies 9 ! hot wat] ( ! geys]s1 9 :i* a man c\ld n be> 8 h&4 ,& no less h>moni\sly ?an 9 report ( ! extreme tam5ess1 grace1 & affectionat5ess ( ?is bird d sportsm5 agree also 9 ! treatm5t & appreciation ( ^! qualities4 ,?us says ,mr4 ,salmon3 ,al?\gh we %ot two pairs1 ^? t 7 swimm+ ab\t did n take ! lea/ notice ( ! report ( ! gun1 & !y seem$ to be mu* atta*$ to ea* o!r2 = :5 "o ( !m flew to a %ort di/ance1 ! o!r directly foll[$2 & :ile ,i held a w\nd$ female 9 my h&1 its mate came & flutt]$ be=e my face4 7,comp>e ! sc5e betwe5 ,ir5e & ,hector1 at page #cic ( ! ,may numb] ( ,aunt ,judy's ,magaz9e47 ,&1 aga91 says ,mr4 ,wolley3 ,! bird is extremely tame1 swimm+ ab\t my india-rubb] boat s ne> t ,i c\ld almo/ cat* x 9 my h&2 ,i h se5 x ev51 :5 f> f its ne/1 /ruck at _m times ) an o> be=e x flew away4 ,9 its dome/ic habits also ! creature seems z exempl>y z1 9 its social habits1 x is frank2 = on ! approa* ( dang] to h] ne/l+s1 ! h5 uses all ! c>eful subtleties ( ! mo/ cunn+ l& birds1 spread+ h] w+s1 & c\nt]feit+ lam5ess1 = ! purpose ( delud+ ! intrud]2 & aft] lead+ ! enemy f h] "y1 %e takes w+ & flies to a great height1 at ! same "t display+ a peculi> action ( ! w+s2 !n desc5d+ ) great velocity1 & mak+ simultane\sly a noise ) h] w+s4 ,on h] return to h] "y1 %e uses a p>ticul> cry = ! purpose ( ga!r+ !m toge!r4 ,z soon z %e has collect$ !m1 %e cov]s !m ) h] w+s1 l ! dome/ic h54 #aac4 ,i _c q make out ! limits ( ! fairy's migrations2 b x is said by ,morris to 'occur' 9 ,france1 ,holl&1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 & ,switz]l&4 ,i f9d t "o 0 :at sportsm5 call 'procur$' ne> ,york1 9 full summ] dress2 & ano!r kill$ at ,rott+dean1 swimm+ 9 a pond 9 ! middle ( ! village1 9 ! company ( "s ducks4 ,at ,sc>bor\gh1 ,l\?1 & ,%oreham1 x has also be5 captur$ or %ot1 & has be5 'f\nd' build+ ne/s 9 ,su!rl&3 &1 on ! :ole1 x seems t "h is a sort ( petrel-p>tridge1 & duckl+-dove1 & div+-l>k1 ) e possible grace & faculty t bird c h1 9 body & s\l2 ready1 at lea/ 9 summ]1 to swim on our village ponds1 or1 wait at our railway /ations1 & make ! wild nor?-ea/]n coa/s ( ,scotl& gay ) its danc+ flocks ^u ! foam2 7 x n t ! idle cockneys1 & pot-head$ squires fre% out ( ,p>liam5t1 /& z x 7 on gu>d all r\nd ! isl&1 splutt]+ small-%ot at x1 /rik+ at x ) o>s1 cutt+ x op5 to f9d h[ _m eggs !re are inside1 &1 9 f9e1 s5d+ x = refuge into ! hot wat] ( ,hecla1 & any mann] ( /ormy solitude t x c /ill f9d = itself & its amb] ne/l+s4 ,i h nev] se5 "o1 nor ,i suppose ev] %all see1 b he> ( "s ( my fri5ds sunn+ !mselves at midnight ab\t ! ,nor? ,cape1 ( :om1 if any "o w br+ me a c\ple ( ,arctic fairies 9 a basket1 ,i ?9k ,i c pl$ge our own ,squire's & ,squire's lady's fai?1 = ! pair's gett+ "s peace1 if !y *oose to take x1 & z _m wat]-lily leaves z !y c trip ^u1 on ! t>ns ( ,monk-,coni/on4 ,,iv4,b4 ,,titania ,,incon/ans4 ,,*angeful ,,fairy4 ,phal>opus ,fulic>ius4 7,coot-l ,phal>ope--,g\ld47 #aad4 ,i ?9k ! epi!t '*angeful' pretti]1 &1 until we "k :at a coot is l1 m descriptive1 ?an 'coot-l'2 ! bird hav+ r$ plumage 9 summ]1 & gray 9 w9t]1 :ile ! coot is always black4 ,x is a little less pretty & less amiable ?an its si/] fairy2 o!rwise sc>cely to be ?\ght ( b z a v>iety1 bo? ( !m be+ di/+ui%$ f ! coot1 n only by color1 b by _! small] size2--7!y eight in*es long1 x sixte57--& by ! sl5d] beaks1 ! coot hav+ a ?ick "o1 half-way to a puff9's4 ,& "h1 once = all1--= ,i see ,i h tak5 no note yet ( ! beaks or bills ( my dab*icks1--,i w at once arrange a =mula ( ! ord] ( que/ions :i* x w be prop] to ask1 & get answ]$1 conc]n+ any bird1 9 ! same ord] always1 s t we %all nev] miss any?+ t we ought to ?9k (4 ,& ,i f9d ^! que/ions w naturally & easily fall into ! foll[+ twelve3 #a4 ,c\ntry1 & scope ( migration4 #b4 ,food4 #c4 ,=m & flight4 #d4 ,foot4 #e4 ,beak & eye4 #f4 ,voice & e>4 #g4 ,temp]4 #h4 ,ne/4 #i4 ,eggs4 #aj4 ,brood4 #aa4 ,fea!rs4 #ab4 ,uses 9 ! _w4 ,x may be ?\ght t ,i h =c$--& n fall5 into--my numb] #ab1 by pack+ ! faculties ( sight & he>+ into by-corn]s4 ,b ! expression ( a bird's head dep5ds on ! relation ( eye to beak1 z ! gett+ ( its food dep5ds on _! practical alliance ( p[]2 & ! "q1 = in/ance1 :e!r peacocks & p>rots h musical e>s1 seems to me n prop]ly debatable unless ) due respect to ! quality ( _! voices4 ,x is curi\s1 consid]+ h[ mu*1 "o way or ano!r1 we are amus$ or pleas$ by ! *att] & song ( birds1 t y w sc>cely f9d 9 any orni?ic manual m ?an a s5t5ce1 if s mu*1 ab\t _! he>+2 & ,i h n myself1 at ?is mom5t1 ! lea/ idea :]e a night+ale's e>s are6 ,b see ,app5dix1 p4 #abb4 ,i reta91 !re=e1 my dodecah$ric =m ( cate*ism z suffici5tly cle>2 & )\t b9d+ myself to foll[ ! ord] ( x 9 /rictness1 if !re be motive = discursory rem>k1 x w c]ta9ly prev5t my leav+ any bird insuffici5tly di/+ui%$1 & enable me to arrange ! collect$ /atem5ts ab\t x 9 ! mo/ easily comp>$ ord]4 #aae4 ,we w try x at once on ?is second v>iety ( ! ,titania1 ( :i* ,i f9d no?+ ( mu* int]e/ 9 my books1 & h no?+ discursive myself to say4 #a4 ,c\ntry4 ,arctic mo/ly2 se5 (f ,gre5l&1 9 lat4 #fh1 swimm+ among iceb]gs ?ree or f\r miles f %ore4 ,abundant 9 ,sib]ia1 & z f> s\? z ! ,caspian4 ,migratory 9 ,europe z f> z ,italy1 yet always r>e4 7,d a few only1 m intellig5tly curi\s ?an ! re/1 or = ! sake ( _! heal?1 travel87 #b4 ,food4 ,small ?9-sk9n$ cru/acea1 & aquatic surface-insects4 #c4 ,=m & flight4 ,/\t1 = a sea-bird2 & !y don't c>e to fly1 pref]r+ to swim out ( dang]4 ,body #g to #h in*es long2 w+s1 f c>pal jo9t to end1 #d-c_/d1--say #e4 ,^! qu>t]s ( in*es1 are absurd pret5ses to g5]alize :at v>ies 9 e bird4 #h in*es long1 by #aj across ! w+s op51 is ne> en\gh4 ,9 future1 ! brief notification #h #aj1 #e #g1 or ! l1 w en\gh express a bird's in*es1 unless x possess decorative app5dage ( tail1 :i* mu/ be not$ sep>ately4 #d4 ,foot4 ,*e/nut-leav$ 9 front toes1 ! lobes slightly s]rat$ on ! edges4 ,h9d toe )\t membrane4 ,color ( foot1 always black4 #e4 ,beak4 ,long1 sl5d]1 /raight4 7,h[ long8 ,drawn z ab\t a fif? ( ! bird's l5g?--say an in*1 or a little ov]47 ,upp] m&ible slightly curv$ d[n at ! po9t4 ,9 ,titania arctica1 ! beak is long] & m sl5d]4 #f4 ,voice4 ,a %>p1 %ort cry1 n conceiv$ by me en\gh to spell any lik5ess ( x4 #g4 ,temp]4 ,g5tle1 pass+ into /upid1 7x seems to me72 "o1 9 m$itative travel1 lets itself be knock$ d[n by a g>d5] ) 8 spade4 #h4 ,ne/4 ,little said ( x1 ! bird bre$+ *iefly 9 ! ,nor?4 ,among m>%es1 x is ( we$s & grass2 b among iceb]gs1 ( :at8 #i4 ,eggs4 ,pe>-%ape2 n>r[ ends toge!r 9 ne/2 nev] m ?an f\r4 #aj4 ,brood4 ,no acc\nt (4 #aa4 ,fea!rs4 ,mo/ly gray1 pass+ into br[n 9 summ]1 v>i$ ) :ite on m>g94 ,r$di% *e/nut or bay bodice--well oil$ or v>ni%$4 #ab4 ,uses4 ,=tunately1 at pres5t1 unkn[n4 ,v4 ,,rallus ,,aquaticus4 ,,wat]-,,rail4 #aaf4 ,?us f>1 we h got = repres5tatives ( our dab*ick gr\p1 eight species ( little birds--namely1 two ,torr5t-ouzels1 ?ree ,lily-ouzels1 "o ,grebe1 & two ,titanias4 ,& ^! we associate1 obs]ve1 n = any specialty ( feature 9 !m1 b = common "*1 habit1 & size2 s t1 if p]*ance a *ild play+ by any /ream1 or on ! sea-s&s1 p]ceives a companionable bird dabbl+ 9 an equally *ildi% & pleasant mann]1 he may n h to look ?r\gh half a doz5 volumes ( orni?ology to f9d x2 b may be pretty sure x has be5 "o ( ^! eight4 ,& hav+ once fa/5$ ! *>act]s ( ^! well 9 8 m9d1 he may ) ease rememb] t ! little grebe is ! lea/ ( a family ( *e/nut-leaf-foot$1 & %>p-bill$ creatures1 :i* yet 9 size1 color1 & div+ p[]1 g necess>ily among ,ducks1 & _c be class$ ) ,dabbl]s2 ?\gh x mu/ be always z di/9ctly kept 9 m9d t a duck prop] has a flat beak1 & a fully webb$ foot4 ,aga91 he may recollect t ) ^! leaf-foot$ ducks ( ! calm & fre% wat]s1 mu/ be associat$ ! leaf-foot$ or fr+e-foot$ ducks ( ! sea2--'phal>opes1' :i* by _! %ort w+s connect !mselves ) _m clumsy m>9e creatures1 on _! way to become seals in/ead ( birds2 & t ,i h kept ! two little ,titanias out ( ?is class1 n m]ely = _! nic5ess1 b because !y are n %ort-w+$ 9 any vulg> degree1 b seem to h w+s ab\t z long z a s&pip]'s2--& inde$ ,i _h put ! purple s&pip]1 ,arquatella m>itima1 ) !m1 9 my own folio2 only z ! ,arquatella's feet are n *e/nutty1 %e _h bett] g ) h] own k9d 9 our notes on !m4 #aag4 ,b !re are yet two birds1 :i* ,i ?9k well to put ) our eight dab*icks1 ?\gh !y are mu* l>g] ?an any ( !m1--p>tly because ( _! disposition1 & p>tly because ( _! plumage1--! wat]-rail1 & wat]-h54 ,mod]n sci5ce1 ) in/9ctive horror ( all t is pretty to see1 or easy to rememb]1 entirely rejects ! plumage1 z any elem5t or noticeable condition ( bird-k9ds2 nor h ,i ev] yet tri$ to make x "o myself2 yet !re are c]ta9 qualities ( d[n9ess 9 ducks1 fluff9ess 9 owls1 spott9ess 9 ?ru%es1 pat*9ess 9 pies1 bronz$ or ru/y lu/] 9 cocks1 & pe>ly iridesc5ce 9 doves1 :i* ,i believe may be aptly br\ght into connection ) o!r def9+ *>act]s2 & :5 we f9d an entirely simil> disposition ( plumage1 & ne>ly ! same =m1 9 two birds1 ,i d n ?9k t m]e diff]5ce 9 size %\ld f> sep>ate !m4 ,bewick1 accord+ly1 calls ! wat]-rail ! ',brook-ouzel1' & puts x betwe5 ! little crake & ! wat]-ouzel2 b he does n say a ^w ( its liv+ by brooks1--only '9 l[ wet places4' ,buffon1 h[ev]1 takes x ) ! l&-rail2 ,g\ld & ,y>rell put x betwe5 ! little crake & wat]-h54 ,g\ld's description ( x is by no means cle> to me3--he fir/ says x is1 9 action1 z mu* l a rat z a bird2 !n t x b\nds l a ball1 7be=e ! nose ( ! spaniel72 & la/ly1 9 ! next s5t5ce1 speaks ( x z ?is la?-l bird6 ,x is z l>ge z a bantam1 b c run1 l ! ,allegretta1 on float+ leaves2 itself1 weigh+ ab\t f\r ounces & a half 7,bewick71 & r>ely uses ! w+1 fly+ v sl[ly4 ,i imag9e ! 'la?-l' mu/ mean1 l ! m frequ5t epi!t 'compress$1' t ! bird's body is v]tically ?91 s z to g easily betwe5 close re$s4 #aah4 ,we w try our twelve que/ions aga94 #a4 ,c\ntry4 ,equally num]\s 9 e "p ( ,europe1 9 ,africa1 ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,japan2 yet h>dly anybody seems to h se5 x4 ,liv+1 h[ev]1 ne> ! p]5nial f\nta9s 7:]ev] ^? may be2--x s\nds l ! g>d5 ( ,ed567 dur+ ! great] "p ( ! w9t]1 ! birds pass ,malta 9 spr+ & autumn1 & h be5 se5 fifty leagues at sea (f ! coa/ ( ,portugal 7,buffon72 b :]e com+ f1 or go+ to1 is n told4 ,tunis is ! mo/ s\!rly place nam$ by ,y>rell4 #b4 ,food4 ,any?+ small en\gh to be swall[$1 t lives 9 mud or wat]4 #c4 ,=m & flight4 ,i am puzzl$1 z a=esaid1 betwe5 its lik5ess to a ball1 & a la?4 ,flies heavily & unwill+ly1 hang+ its legs d[n4 #d4 ,foot4 ,long-to$ & flexible4 #e4 ,beak4 ,%>p & /rong1 "s in* & a half long1 %[+ di/9ctly ! cimet]-curve ( a gull's1 ne> ! po9t4 #f4 ,voice4 ,no acc\nt (4 #g4 ,temp]4 ,q easily tamable1 ?\gh naturally %y4 ,fe$s out ( ! h& 9 a day or two1 if f$ regul>ly 9 conf9em5t4 #h4 ,ne/4 ,slight1 ( leaves & /rips ( flags 7,g\ld72 ( s$ge & grass1 r>ely f\nd1 7,y>rell74 ,size n told4 #i4 ,eggs4 ,eight or n9e6 cream-:ite1 ) rosy yolk66 r l>g] ?an a blackbird's666 #aj4 ,brood4 ,velvet black1 ) :ite bills2 hunt+ ) ! utmo/ activity f ! m9ute !y are hat*$4 #aa4 ,fea!rs4 ,br[n on ! back1 a beautiful w>m a% gray on ! brea/1 & "u ! w+s transv]se /ripes ( v d>k gray & :ite4 ,! disposition ( patt]n is almo/ exactly ! same z 9 ! ,allegretta4 #ab4 ,uses4 ,by _m ?\ght delici\s eat+4 7,bewick47 ,! fact is1 or seems to me1 t ?is entire gr\p ( m>% birds is meant to become to u ! dome/ic p\ltry ( m>%y l&2 & ,i imag9e t by prop] irrigation & c>e1 _m di/ricts ( o!rwise useless bog & s&1 might be made m pr(itable to u ?an _m fi%+-gr\nds4 ,,vi4 ,,pulla ,,aquatica4 ,,wat]-,,h54 7,gall9ula ,*loropus4--,p5nant1 ,bewick1 ,g\ld1 & ,y>rell47 #aai4 ',gre5-foot$ little cock1 or h51' t is to say1 9 ,engli%2 only obs]ve1 if y call ! ,fr+e-foot a ,phal>ope1 y ought 9 consi/5cy to call ! ,gre5-foot a ,*lorope4 ,_! feet are n only notable = gre5ness1 b = size3 !y are v ugly1 hav+ ! awkw>d & ill-us$ look ( ! feet ( ,scrat*]s1 :ile a trace ( beg9n+ membrane connects !m ) ! fr+e-foots4 ,_! prop] "n w\ld be ,m>%-cock1 :i* w\ld en\gh di/+ui% !m f ! true ,moor-cock or ,black-cock4 ',moat-cock' w\ld be pretti]1 & *>act]i/ic2 = 9 ! old ,engli% days !y us$ to live mu* 9 ! moats ( manor-h\ses2 m9e is ! "n ne>e/ to ! famili> "o2 only note !re is no prop] fem99e ( 'pullus1' & ,i use ! adjective 'pulla' to express ! d>k color4 ,x is a d>k-br[n bird1 accord+ to ! color$ pictures--iron gray1 ,buffon says1 ) :ite /ripes ( little ord] on ! bodice1 clumsy feet & bill1 b makes up = all unga9l9ess by its g5tle & intellig5t m9d2 & seems meant = a useful possession to mank9d all ov] ! _w1 = x lives 9 ,sib]ia & ,new ,zeal&2 9 ,s5egal & ,jamaica2 9 ,scotl&1 ,switz]l&1 & ,prussia2 9 ,corfu1 ,crete1 & ,trebizond2 9 ,canada1 & at ! ,cape4 ,i f9d no acc\nt ( its migrations1 & "o w\ld ?9k t a bird :i* usually flies dip1 dip1 dipp+ ) its toes1 & leav+ a track along ! wat] l t ( a /one at 'ducks & drakes' 7,y>rell71 w\ld n will+ly adv5ture itself on ! ,atlantic4 ,x mu/ h a k9d ( human facility 9 adapt+ itself to climate1 z x has human dome/icity ( temp]1 ) curi\s f95ess ( sagacity & sympa?ies 9 ta/e4 ,a family ( !m1 pett$ by a cl]gyman's wife1 7 con/antly add+ mat]ials to _! ne/1 & made real havoc 9 ! fl[]-g>d51--= ?\gh /raw & leaves are _! *ief +r$i5ts1 !y seem to h an eye = beauty1 & ! old h5 has be5 se5 surr\nd$ ) a brilliant wrea? ( sc>let anemones4 ,?us ,bi%op ,/anley1 ^: acc\nt ( ! bird is full ( int]e/+ p>ticul>s4 ,?is ae/hetic wat]-h51 ) h] husb&1 liv$ at ,*eadle1 9 ,/af=d%ire1 9 ! rectory moat1 = sev]al seasons1 always h[ev] leav+ x 9 ! spr+1 7= ,scotl&1 supposably873 be+ con/antly f$1 ! pair became q tame1 built _! ne/ 9 a ?orn-bu% cov]$ ) ivy :i* _h fall5 into ! wat]2 & :5 ! "y are a few days old1 ! old ones br+ !m up close to ! draw+-room w9d[1 :]e !y are regul>ly f$ ) :eat2 &1 z ! lady ( ! h\se pays !m ! greate/ att5tion1 !y h le>n$ to look up to h] z _! natural protectress & fri5d2 s mu* s1 t "o bird 9 p>ticul>1 :i* 0 mu* p]secut$ by ! re/1 w\ld1 :5 attack$1 fly to h] = refuge2 & :5ev] %e calls1 ! :ole flock1 z tame z b>n-door f[ls1 quit ! wat]1 & assemble r\nd h]1 to ! numb] ( sev5te54 7,novemb]1 #ahcc47 #abj4 ,!y h also made o!r fri5ds 9 ! dogs belong+ to ! family1 approa*+ !m )\t fe>1 ?\gh hurry+ (f ) great al>m on ! appe>ance ( a /range dog4 ,! position ( ! wat]1 toge!r ) ! famili>ity ( ^! birds1 has af=d$ _m int]e/+ p>ticul>s respect+ _! habits4 ,!y h ?ree broods 9 a season--! fir/ e>ly 9 ,april2 & !y beg9 to lay aga9 :5 ! fir/ hat* is ab\t a =tnight old4 ,!y lay eight or n9e eggs1 & sit ab\t ?ree weeks1--! cock alt]nately ) ! h54 ,! ne/ 9 ! ?orn-bu% is plac$ usually s high above ! surface ( ! wat]1 !y _c climb into x aga92 b1 z a sub/itute1 )9 an h\r aft] !y leave ! ne/1 ! cock bird builds a l>g] & m roomy ne/ = !m1 ) s$ges1 at ! wat]'s edge1 :i* !y c ent] or retire f at pleasure4 ,= ab\t a mon? !y are f$ by ! old birds1 b soon become v active 9 tak+ flies & wat]-insects4 ,imm$iately on ! second hat* com+ out1 ! "y ones ( ! fir/ hat* assi/ ! old ones 9 fe$+ & hov]+ ov] !m1 lead+ !m out 9 deta*$ p>ties1 & mak+ additional ne/s = !m1 simil> to _! own1 on ! br9k ( ! moat4 ,b x is n only 9 _! in/9ctive atta*m5ts & habits t !y m]it notice2 ! foll[+ anecdote proves t !y are gift$ ) a s5se ( obs]vation approa*+ to some?+ v l reason+ faculties4 ,at a g5tleman's h\se 9 ,/af=d%ire1 ! pheasants are f$ out ( "o ( ^? boxes describ$ 9 page #bhg1 ! lid ( :i* rises ) ! pressure ( ! pheasant /&+ on ! rail 9 front ( ! box4 ,a wat]-h5 obs]v+ ?is1 w5t & /ood ^u ! rail z soon z ! pheasant _h quitt$ x2 b ! weight ( ! bird be+ insuffici5t to raise ! lid ( ! box1 s z to enable x to get at ! corn1 ! wat]-h5 kept jump+ on ! rail to give additional impetus to its weight3 ?is p>tially succe$$1 b n to ! satisfaction ( ! sagaci\s bird4 ,accord+ly x w5t (f1 & soon return+ ) a bird ( its own species1 ! unit$ weight ( ! two _h ! desir$ effect1 & ! successful pair enjoy$ ! b5efit ( _! +5uity4 ,we c v\* = ! tru? ( ?is s+ul> in/ance ( p5etration1 on ! au?ority ( ! own] ( ! place :]e x occurr$1 & :o witness$ ! fact4 #aba4 ,b al?\gh 9 ^! sagacities1 & tea*abl5esses1 ! bird has mu* 9 common ) l& p\ltry1 x seems n a l9k betwe5 ^! & wat]-f[l2 b to be prop]ly plac$ by ! orni?ologi/s betwe5 ! rail & ! coot3 ?is latt] be+ ! l>ge/ ( ! fr+efoots1 s+ul>ly d>k 9 color1 & call$ 'fulica' 7sooty71 or1 ) insi/5ce1 'fulica atra' 7black sooty71 or ev5 'fulica at]rima' 7blacke/ sooty74 ',coot' is said by ,johnson to be ,dut*2 & t x became 'cote' 9 ,fr5*2 b ,i _c f9d cote 9 my ,fr5* diction>y4 ,9 ! meantime1 putt+ ! coot & wat]-h5 aside = future bett] k1 we may be cont5t ) ! p5tagonal gr\p ( our dab*icks--pass+ at ea* angle into ano!r tribe1 ?us1--7if p mu/ classify1 !y at lea/ %\ld also map74 ,take ! ,ouzel1 ,allegret1 ,grebe1 ,fairy1 & ,rail1 &1 only giv+ ! ,fairy h] ,lat9 "n1 write _! f\rp5ny-wor? ( initial lett]s 7groat7 r\nd a p5tagon set on its base1 putt+ ! ,ouzel at ! top angle1--s4 ,!n1 ! ,ouzels pass up into ,blackbirds1 ! ,rails to ! left into ,woodcocks1 ! ,allegrets to ! "r into ,plov]s1 ! ,grebes1 d[n left1 into ,ducks1 & ! ,titanias1 d[n "r1 into ,gulls4 ,& !re's a bit ( p5tagonal ,d>w9ism = y1 if y l x1 & le>n x1 :i* w be really good = some?+ 9 ! end1 or ! five ends4 #abb4 ,& = ! bliss ( classification pure1 ) no ends ( any sort or any numb]1 ref]r+ my read] to ! works ( orni?ologi/s 9 g5]al1 & = :at small portion ( !m he may aft]w>ds c>e to consult1 to my ,app5dix1 ,i w end ?is lecture1 & ?is volume1 ) ! refre%m5t = u ( a piece ( p]fect ,engli% & exquisite wit1 fall+ into v]se1--! ,*orus ( ! ,birds1 9 ,mr4 ,c\r?ope's ,p>adise ( !m1--a book lovely1 & (t5 faultless1 9 mo/ ( its execution1 b little skill$ or attractive 9 plan1 & too ?\ghtful to be und]/ood )\t su* notes z a good au?or w n write on 8 own "w2 p>tly because he has n "t1 & p>tly because he always feels t if p won't look = 8 mean+1 !y %\ld n be told x4 ,my own special function1 on ! contr>y1 is1 & always has be51 t ( ! ,int]pret] only1 9 ! ',pilgrim's ,progress2' & ,i tru/ t ,mr4 ,c\r?ope w !re=e =give my arrang+ 8 long cad5ce ( cont9u\s l9e s z to come symmetrically into my own page1 7?us also en=c+1 = ! inatt5tive1 ! rhymes :i* he is too easily pr\d to insi/ on17 & my division ( ! :ole *orus into equal /rophe & anti/rophe ( six l9es ea*1 9 :i*1 c\nt+ f ! la/ l9e ( ! /anza1 ! read] c easily cat* ! ^w to :i* my note ref]s4 #abc4 ,we wi% to decl>e1 ,h[ ! birds ( ! air ,all high in/itutions design$1 ,&1 hold+ 9 awe ,art1 ,sci5ce1 & ,law1 ,deliv]$ ! same to mank9d4 #f ,to beg9 )2 ( old ,man w5t nak$1 & cold1 ,:5ev] x pelt$ or froze1 ,till we %[$ him h[ fea!rs ,7 pro( aga9/ wea!rs1 ,) t1 he be?\ght him ( hose4 #ab ,& next1 x 0 pla91 ,t he1 9 ! ra91 ,0 =c$ to sit dripp+ & bl9d1 ,:ile ! ,re$-w>bl] swung ,9 a ne/1 ) h] "y ,deep %elt]$1 & w>m1 f ! w9d4 #ah ,s our homes 9 ! b\ghs ,made him ?9k ( ! ,h\se2 ,& ! ,swall[1 to help him inv5t1 ,reveal$ ! be/ way ,to economize clay1 ,& bricks to comb9e ) cem5t4 #bd ,! k )al ,( ! ,c>p5t]'s awl1 ,is drawn f ! ,nu?at*'s bill2 ,& ! ,s&-,m>t9's pa9s ,9 ! hazel-clad lanes ,in/ruct$ ! ,mason to drill4 #cj ,is !re "o ( ! ,arts1 ,m de> to m5's he>ts8 ,to ! bird's inspiration !y owe x2 ,= ! ,night+ale fir/ ,sweet music rehe>s$1 ,prima-,donna1 ,compos]1 & ,poet4 #cf ,! ,owl's d>k retreats ,%[$ sages ! sweets ,( brood+1 to sp91 or unravel ,f9e webs 9 "o's bra91 ,philosophical--va92 ,! ,swall[s1--! pleasures ( travel4 #db ,:o *irp$ 9 su* /ra9 ,( ,greece1 ,italy1 ,spa9 ,& ,egypt1 t m51 :5 !y he>d1 ,7 mad to fly =?1 ,f _! ne/s 9 ! ,nor?1 ,& foll[--! tail ( ! ,bird4 #dh ,besides1 x is true1 ,to our wisdom is due ,! k ( ,sci5ces all2 ,& *iefly1 ^? r>e ,metaphysics ( ,air ,m5 ',meteorology' call1 #ed ,& m51 9 _! words1 ,ackn[l$ge ! ,birds' ,erudition 9 wea!r & />2 ,= !y say1 ',twill be dry1-- ,! swall[ is high1 ,or1 ,ra91 = ! ,*\gh is af>4 #fj ',twas ! ,rooks :o taught m5 ,va/ pamphlets to p5 ,^u social compact & law1 ,& ,p>liam5ts hold1 ,z !mselves did ( old1 ,exclaim+ ',he>1 ,he>1' = ',caw1 ,caw4' #ff ,& :5ce arose ,love8 ,g1 ask ( ! ,dove1 ,or behold h[ ! ,titm\se1 unre/+1 ,/ill e>ly & late ,ev] s+s by 8 mate1 ,to light5 h] labors ( ne/+4 #gb ,_! bonds nev] gall1 ,?\gh ! leaves %oot1 & fall1 ,& ! seasons roll r\nd 9 _! c\rse1 ,= _! m>riage1 ea* ye>1 ,gr[s m lovely & de>2 ,& !y "k n decrees ( ,divorce4 #gh ,t ^! ?+s are tru? ,we h le>n$ f our y\?1 ,= our he>ts to our cu/oms incl9e1 ,z ! riv]s t roll ,f ! f\nt ( our s\l1 ,immortal1 un*ang+1 div9e4 #hd ,man1 simple & old1 ,9 8 ages ( gold1 ,d]iv$ f our tea*+ true light1 ,& deem$ x 8 praise ,9 8 ance/ors' ways ,to gov]n 8 foot/eps aright4 #ij ,b ! f\nta9 ( woes1 ,philosophy1 rose2 ,&1 :at betwe5 reason & :im1 ,he has spl9t]$ our rules ,into sections & s*ools1 ,s ! _w is made bitt]1 = him4 #if ,b ! birds1 s9ce on e>? ,!y discov]$ ! wor? ,( _! s\ls1 & resolv$ ) a v[ ,no cu/om to *ange1 ,= a new1 or a /range1 ,h atta9$ unto ,p>adise1 n[4 #ajb ,l9e #i4 ,,pelt$1 said ( hail1 n ra94 ,felt by nak$ness1 9 a m sev]e mann] ?an m]e ra94 #aa4 ',,wea!rs1' i4e41 bo? wea!rs--hail & cold3 ! armor ( ! fea!rs aga9/ hail2 ! d[n ( !m aga9/ cold4 ,see acc\nt ( ,fea!r-mail 9 ',laws ( ,fsole1' *ap1 vi41 p4 #ec1 ) ! fir/ & fif? plates1 & figure #ae4 #ae4 ,,bl9d4 ,by ! beat+ ( ! ra9 9 8 face4 ,9 hail1 !re is real dang] & bruis+1 if ! hail be wor? call+ s1 = ! :ole body2 :ile 9 ra91 if x be ra9 also wor? call+ ra91 ! great plague is ! beat+ & dr5*+ 9 ! face4 #af4 ,,swung4 ,oppos$ to 'sit' 9 previ\s l9e4 ,! human creature1 ?\gh x sate /eady on ?is un%akable e>?1 _h no h\se ov] its head4 ,! bird1 t liv$ on ! trembl+e/ & weake/ ( b5d+ ?+s1 _h h] ne/ on x1 9 :i* ev5 h] inf9itely t5d] brood 7 deep %elt]$ & w>m1 f ! w9d4 ,x is impossible to f9d a loveli] in/ance ( pure poetical anti!sis4 #bj4 ,,h\se4 ,aga9 anti!tic to ! p]fect ^w ',home' 9 ! l9e be=e4 ,a h\se is exactly1 & only1 half-way to a 'home4' ,man _h n yet got s f> z ev5 t6 & _h lo/1 ! *orus satirically imply1 ev5 ! p[] ( gett+ ! o!r half1 ev]1 s9ce 8 ,%e gave me ( ! tree4 #bd4 ,,bricks4 ,! fir/ bad inv]sion p]mitt$1 = to comb9e bricks ) cem5t4 ,9 my ,swall[ lecture ,i _h no "t to g into ! "q ( h] build+ mat]ials2 ! po9t is1 h[ev]1 t\*$ ^u 9 ! ,app5dix 7pp4 #aaj1 #aab1 & note74 #cj4 ',,drill1' = 'qu>ry out1' 'tunnel1' etc41 ! be/ g5]al t]m available4 #cf4 ,,compos] ( ! music2 ,,poet ( ! mean+4 ,comp>e1 & ?9k ov]1 ! ,bullf9*'s ne/1 etc41 #dh to #fa ( ',eagle's ,ne/4' ,9 mod]n music ! mean+ is1 ,i believe1 by ! reput$ ma/]s omitt$4 #ci4 ,to ,,sp91 or unravel4 ,syn!sis & analysis1 9 ! vulg> ,greek slang4 #df4 ,,mad4 ,comp>e ,byron ( ! ,engli% 9 8 day4 ,a p>cel ( />+ boobies :o g ab\t gap+ & wi%+ to be at once *eap & magnific5t4 ,a man is a fool n[1 :o travels 9 ,france or ,italy1 till t tribe ( wret*es be swept home aga94 ,9 two or ?ree ye>s1 ! fir/ ru% w be ov]1 & ! ,cont95t w be roomy & agreeable4 7,life1 vol4 ii41 p4 #cai47 ,= sket*es ( ! ,engli% ( sev5te5 ye>s lat]1 at ! same spots 7,w5g]n ,alp & ,int]la*571 see1 if y c see1 9 any libr>y1 public or private1 at ,g5eva1 ,topff]'s ',excursions dans les ,alpes1 #ahcb4' ,d\zime1 ,treizime1 & ,quatorzime ,j\rne4 #dh4 ,,! ,,tail4 ,mr4 ,c\r?ope does n condesc5d to italicize 8 pun2 b a swall[-tail$ & add]-tongu$ pun l ?is mu/ be paus$ ^u4 ,comp>e ,mr4 ,murray's ,tale ( ! ,t[n ( ,lucca1 to be se5 betwe5 ! arrival ( "o tra9 & ! dep>ture ( ! next1--no?+ !re b twelve *ur*es & a ca!dral1--mo/ly ( ! t5? to ?irte5? c5tury4 #fj4 ,,af>4 ,i did n "k ( ?is wea!r sign2 nor1 ,i suppose1 did ! ,duke ( ,hamilton's keep]1 :o %ot ! la/ pair ( ,*\ghs on ,arran 9 #ahfc4 7',birds ( ! ,we/ ( ,scotl&1' p4 #afe47 ,i tru/ ! climate has wept = !m2 c]ta9ly our ,coni/on cl\ds gr[ heavi]1 9 ^! la/ ye>s4 #fc4 ,,social4 ,rightly sung by ! ,birds 9 ?ree syllables2 b ! lagg+ ( ! previ\s l9e 7probably int5tional1 b n pleasant17 makes ! lightness ( ?is "o a little dang]\s = a clumsy read]4 ,! 'i-al' ( 'social' does n fill ! l9e z two full %ort syllables1 else ! prec$+ ^w %\ld h be5 writt5 'on1' n '^u4' ,! five syllables1 rightly giv51 j take ! "t ( two iambs2 b !re are read]s rude en\gh to acc5t ! 'on' ( ^u1 & take 'social' = two %ort syllables4 #fd4 ,,hold4 ,%ort = 'to hold'--b x is a lic5ti\s con/ruction1 s also1 9 next l9e1 '!mselves' = '!y !mselves4' ,! /anza is on ! :ole ! wor/ 9 ! poem1 its irony & ess5tial =ce be+ mu* dimm$ by obscure expression1 & ev5 slightly /agg]+ cont9uity ( ?\ght4 ,! ,rooks may be prop]ly suppos$ to h taught m5 to dispute1 b n to write4 ,! ,swall[ tea*es build+1 lit]ally1 & ! ,owl mop+1 lit]ally2 b ! ,rook does n tea* pamphlete]+ lit]ally4 ,& ! '( old' is r$undant1 = rhyme's sake1 s9ce ,rooks hold p>liam5ts n[ z mu* z ev] !y did4 #gf4 ,,ea* ,,ye>4 ,i d\bt ! fact2 & too sadly suspect t birds take diff]5t mates4 ,:at a "q to h to ask at ?is "t ( day & ye>6 #hb4 ,,riv]s4 ,read sl[ly4 ,! 'cu/oms' are riv]s t 'g on =ev]' fl[+ f ! f\nt ( ! s\l4 ,! ,he>t dr9ks ( !m1 z ( wat]brooks4 #ib4 ,,philosophy4 ,! au?or %\ld at lea/ h giv5 a note or two to expla9 ! s5se 9 :i* he uses words s wide z ?is4 ,! philosophy :i* beg9s 9 pride1 & concludes 9 malice1 is inde$ a f\nta9--?\gh n ! f\nta9--( woes1 to mank9d4 ,b true philosophy su* z ,fnelon's or ,sir ,?omas ,m's1 is a well ( peace4 #ih4 ,,wor?4 ,aga91 x is n cle>ly told u :at ! au?or means by ! wor? ( a bird's s\l1 nor h[ ! birds le>n$ x4 ,! read] is left to disc]n1 & collect = himself--) pati5ce su* z n "o 9 a ?\s& n[-a-days possesses1 ! opposition betwe5 ! f\nt ( our s\l 7l9e #hc7 & f\nta9 ( philosophy4 #abd4 ,i c\ld will+ly enl>ge on ^! la/ two /anzas1 b ?9k my duty w be bett] done to ! poet if ,i quote1 = conclusion1 two light] pieces ( 8 v]se1 :i* w require no comm5t1 & are clos] to our pres5t purpose4 ,! fir/1--! lam5t ( ! ,fr5* ,cook 9 purgatory1--has1 = once1 a note by ! au?or1 giv+ ,m4 ,soy]'s au?ority = ! items ( ! great di%1--symbol ( philan?ropy1 s]v$ at ,york dur+ ! great commemorative banquet aft] ! fir/ exhibition4 ,! commemorative s\l ( ! torm5t$ ,*ef--always mak+ a di% l x1 ( :i* nobody ev] eats--s+s ?us3-- ,d y vee% ,to he> be=e y ta/e1 ( de hundr$-gu9ea dee%8 ,has x n be5 sung by e knife & =k1 ',l'extravagance cul9aire l',ald]man1' at ,york8 ,vy1 v5 ,i came "h1 eighte5 ,octob]s se5ce1 ,i dis dee% 0 mak+ = y\r ,royal ,pre5ce1 ,v5 half de leev+ _w1 cook+ all de o!rs1 ,swore an oa? h]eaft]1 to be m5 & bro!rs4 ,all de leetle ,song/]s 9 de voods dat build1 ,hopp$ into ! kit*5 ask+ to be kill'd2 ,all :o 9 de op5 furr[s f9d de se$s1 ,or de m\nta9 b]ries1 all de f>my>d bre$s1-- ,ha--,i see de knife1 vile de dee% x %ap5s1 ,vi? les petits noix1 ( f\r-&-tw5ty capons1 ,d]e v]e d9dons1 fatt$ p\lets1 f[ls 9 pl5ty1 ,five times n9e ( p>tridges1 & ( pheasants tw5ty2 ,t5 gr\se1 t %\ld h _h z _m cov]s1 ,all 9 dis "o dee%1 ) six preety plov]s1 ,=ty woodcocks1 plump1 & heavy 9 ! scales1 ,pigeons dree good doz5s1 six-&-dirty quails1 ,ortulans1 ma foi1 & a c5tury ( snipes1 ,b de preetie/ ( dem all 0 twice tree doz5 pipes ,( de melodi\s l>ks1 vi* ea* did clap ! v+1 ,& vee%$ de pie vas op51 dat dey all might s+6 #abe4 ,!re are /iff bits ( prosody 9 ^! v]ses1--"o or two1 inde$1 q unmanageable1--b we mu/ rememb] t ,fr5* met] w n read into ours4 ,! la/ piece ,i w give fl[s v diff]5tly4 ,x is 9 express imitation ( ,scott--b no nobl] model c\ld be *os52 & h[ mu* bett] = m9or poets sometimes to write 9 ano!r's mann]1 ?an always to imitate _! own4 ,?is *ant is sung by ! s\l ( ! ,francesca ( ! ,bird-orda9$ purgatory2 ^: torm5t is to be dress$ only 9 fall+ sn[1 ea* flake /rik+ cold to h] he>t z x falls1--b su* lace inve/iture co/+1 n a cruel price p] y>d 9 s\ls ( wom51 nor a mortal price 9 s\ls ( birds4 ,h] 'sn[-mantl$ %ad[' s+s3 ,alas1 my he>t6 ,no grief s great ,z ?9k+ on a happy /ate ,9 mis]y4 ,ah1 de> is p[] ,to female he>ts6 ,oh1 blissful h\r ,:5 ,blan*e & ,flavia1 jo9$ ) me1 ,tri-fem99e ,directory1 ,disp5s$ 9 latitudes bel[ ,! laws ( fl\nce & furbel[2 ,& held on bird & bea/ debate1 ,:at lives %\ld die to s]ve our /ate6 ,we *ang$ our /atutes ) ! moon1 ,& (t 9 ,janu>y or ,june1 ,at deep midnight1 we w\ld prescribe ,"s furry k9d1 or fea!r$ tribe4 ,at morn1 we s5t ! m&ate =?2 ,!n rose ! hunt]s ( ! ,nor?3 ,& all ! trapp]s ( ! ,we/ ,b[$ at our fem99e behe/4 ,di$ e seal t d>$ to rise ,to 8 r\nd air-hole 9 ! ice2 ,di$ ea* ,sib]ian fox & h>e ,& erm9e trapt 9 sn[-built sn>e4 ,= u ! ,engli% f[l] set ,! ambu% ( 8 :irl+ net2 ,& by gre5 ,ro!r's re$y side ,! blue k+fi%] fla%$ & di$4 ,8 life = u ! seamew gave ,high ^u ,orkney's lonely wave2 ,nor 0 our que5ly p[] unkn[n ,9 ,icel& or by ,amazon2 ,= :]e ! br[n duck /ripp$ h] brea/ ,= h] de> eggs & w9dy ne/1 ,?ree times h] bitt] spoil 0 won ,= woman2 & :5 all 0 done1 ,%e call$ h] sn[-:ite pite\s drake1 ,:o pluck$ 8 bosom = our sake4 #abf4 ,see ',h>twig's ,pol> ,_w' = ! mann] ( tak+ ,eid]d[n4--,once m1 we h ?us mu* ( au?or's note1 b edition & page n specifi$1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i am =tunately able to supply4 ,mr4 ,h>twig's miscellany be+ a favorite--:at c ,i call x1 s&-hill8--( my own1 out ( :i* e n[ & !n1 9 a rasorial mann]1 ,i c scrat* "s savory or useful cont5ts2--"o or two1 x may be rememb]$1 ,i collect$ = ! beho( ( ! ,bi%op ( ,man*e/]1 on ?is v subject1 7,contempor>y ,review1 ,feb4 #ahhj72 & "s ( ,mr4 ,h>twig's half-s&y1 half-soppy1 political op9ions1 are (f]$ to ! consid]ation ( ! ,briti% workman 9 ! la/ extant numb] ( ',=s4' ,t\*+ eid] ducks1 ,i f9d 9 8 fif? *apt]--on ,icel&--he quotes ! foll[+ acc\nt1 by ,mr4 ,%eph]d1 ( ! %ore ( ! isl& ( ',isafj>d>jup'--a ^w :i* seems to conta9 9 itself an introduction to ,icel&ic lit]ature3-- #abg4 ,! ducks & _! ne/s 7 ev]y:]e1 9 a mann] t 0 q al>m+4 ,great br[n ducks sat ^u _! ne/s 9 masses1 & at e /ep />t$ up f "u our feet4 ,x 0 ) difficulty t we avoid$ tread+ on "s ( ! ne/s4 ,! isl& be+ b ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile 9 wid?1 ! opposite %ore 0 soon rea*$4 ,on ! coa/ 0 a wall built ( l>ge /ones1 j above ! high-wat] level1 ab\t ?ree feet 9 height1 & ( consid]able ?ickness4 ,at ! bottom1 on bo? sides ( x1 alt]nate /ones _h be5 left out1 s z to =m a s]ies ( squ>e comp>tm5ts = ! ducks to make _! ne/s 94 ,almo/ e comp>tm5t 0 occupi$2 &1 z we walk$ along ! %ore1 a long l9e ( ducks flew out "o aft] ano!r4 ,! surface ( ! wat] also 0 p]fectly :ite ) drakes1 :o welcom$ _! br[n wives ) l\d & clamor\s coo+4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ! f>mh\se1 we 7 cordially welcom$ by its mi/ress4 ,! h\se itself 0 a great m>vel4 ,! e>!n wall t surr\nd$ x & ! w9d[ embrasures 7 occupi$ by ducks4 ,on ! gr\nd1 ! h\se 0 fr+$ ) ducks4 ,on ! turf-slopes ( ! ro( we c\ld see ducks2 & a duck sat 9 ! scrap]4 ,a grassy bank close by _h be5 cut into squ>e pat*es l a *ess-bo>d1 7a squ>e ( turf ( ab\t eighte5 in*es be+ remov$1 & a holl[ made17 & all 7 fill$ ) ducks4 ,a w9dmill 0 infe/$1 & s 7 all ! out-h\ses1 m\nds1 rocks1 & crevices4 ,! ducks 7 ev]y:]e4 ,_m ( !m 7 s tame t we c\ld /roke !m on _! ne/s2 & ! good lady told u t !re 0 sc>cely a duck on ! isl& :i* w\ld n all[ h] to take its eggs )\t flight or fe>4 #abh4 ,b ^u ! back ( ! canvas1 z x 71 ( ?is pleasant picture--on ! back ( ! leaf1 9 8 book1 p4 #fe1--?is description be+ giv5 9 p4 #ff1--;,doctor ,h>twig tells u1 9 8 own peculi> soppy & s&y way--half te>ful1 half ,dryasdu/y1 7or may n we say--x s\nds m ,icel&ic--',dry-z-sawdu/y1'7 ^! less *e]ful facts4 ,! eid]d[n is easily collect$1 z ! birds are q tame4 ,! female hav+ laid five or six pale gre5i%-olive eggs1 9 a ne/ ?ickly l9$ ) h] beautiful d[n1 ! collectors1 aft] c>efully remov+ ! bird1 rob ! ne/ ( its cont5ts2 aft] :i* !y replace h]4 ,%e !n beg9s to lay afre%--?\gh ?is "t only ?ree or f\r eggs1--& aga9 has rec\rse to ! d[n on h] body4 ,b h] gre$y p]secutors once m rifle h] ne/1 & oblige h] to l9e x = ! ?ird "t4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 h] own /ock ( d[n is exhau/$1 & ) a pla9tive voice %e calls h] mate to h] assi/ance1 :o will+ly plucks ! s(t fea!rs f 8 brea/ to supply ! defici5cy4 ,if ! cruel robb]y be aga9 repeat$1 :i* 9 =m] times 0 frequ5tly ! case1 ! poor eid]-duck ab&ons ! spot1 nev] to return1 & seeks = a new home :]e %e may indulge h] mat]nal in/9ct undi/urb$ by ! av>ice ( man4 #abi4 ,n[1 z ,i h above told y1 ^! two /atem5ts are giv5 on ! two sides ( ! same leaf2 & ! read] mu/ make :at he may ( !m4 ,sett+ ! be/ ( my own poor wits at !m1 x seems to me t ! m]ciless ab/raction ( d[n is inde$ ! usual cu/om ( ! inhabitants & visitors2 b t ! 'good lady1' ref]r$ to by ,mr4 ,%eph]d1 manages ?+s diff]5tly2 & 9 consequ5ce we are pres5tly f>!r told ( h]1 7bottom ( p4 #fe17 t :5 %e fir/ became possessor ( ! isl&1 ! produce ( d[n f ! ducks 0 n m ?an fifte5 p\nds weight 9 ! ye>2 b "u h] c>eful nurture ( tw5ty ye>s x _h ris5 to ne>ly "o hundr$ p\nds annually4 ,x requires ab\t "o p\nd & a half to make a cov]let = a s+le b$1 & ! d[n is wor? f twelve to fifte5 %ill+s p] p\nd4 ,mo/ ( ! eggs are tak5 & pickl$ = w9t] consumption1 "o or two only be+ left to hat*4 ,b "h1 aga91 pulv]ul5t ,dr4 ,h>twig leaves u untold :o 'consumes' all ^! pickl$ eggs ( ! coo+ & d[ny-brea/$ creatures2 7y obs]ve1 9 pass+1 t an eid]-duck coos in/ead ( quack+1 & mu/ be a sort ( ,sea-,dove17 or :at addition _! price makes to ! good old lady's fea!r-ne/+ income (1 z ,i calculate x1 sixty to sev5ty-five p\nds a ye>1--all h] tw5ty ye>s ( skill & humanity & mod]ate pluck+ hav+ got no f>!r ?an t4 ,& n feel+ myself able1 on ^! imp]fect data1 to (f] any recomm5dations to ! ,icel&ic gov]nm5t t\*+ ! duck trade1 ,i mu/ end my pres5t *apt] ) a r\gh g5]alization ( results4 ,= a beg9n+ ( :i*1 ! "t hav+ too cle>ly & sadly come = me1 z ,i h said 9 my preface1 to knit up1 z f> z ,i may1 ! loose ?reads & /raws ( my ravel$ life's "w1 ,i repr9t 9 ?is place ! second p>agraph ( ! *apt] on ,vital ,beauty 9 ! second volume ( ',mod]n ,pa9t]s1' premis+1 h[ev]1 "s few necess>y words4 #acj4 ,i int5d$ nev] to h repr9t$ ! second volume ( ',mod]n ,pa9t]s'2 fir/1 because x is writt5 9 affect$ imitation ( ,hook]1 & n 9 my own prop] /yle2 &1 secondly1 yet *iefly1 because ,i did n ?9k ! analytic /udy ( :i* x ma9ly consi/s1 9 ! lea/ likely to be intelligible to ! g5]al /ud5t1 or1 !re=e1 pr(itable to him4 ,b ,i f9d n[ t ! 'g5]al /ud5t' has plung$ himself into su* abysses1 n ( analytic1 b ( dissolytic1--dialytic--or ev5 di>rhoeic--lies1 belong+ to ! sooty & s5sual elem5ts ( 8 ,london & ,p>is life1 t1 h[ev] imp]fectly or dimly done1 ! high] analysis ( t e>ly "w ( m9e ought at lea/ to be put )9 8 rea*2 & ! fact1 someh[1 en=c$ ^u him1 t !re 7 p be=e he liv$1 :o knew :at '/hesis' meant1 ?\gh !y did n ?9k t pigs' flavor+ ( pigs'-wa% 0 ennobl$ by giv+ x t ,greek "n3 & t !re 7 also p be=e 8 "t :o knew :at vital beauty meant1 ?\gh !y did n seek x ei!r 9 ! model-room1 or ! ,p>c aux ,c]fs4 ,!re=e1 ,i w republi% 7,d4,v47 ! analytic p>ts ( ! second volume ( ',mod]n ,pa9t]s' z !y 7 writt51 b ) p]haps an additional note or two1 & ! omission ( ! passages conc]n+ ,evangelical or o!r religi\s matt]s1 9 :i* ,i h f\nd out my mi/akes4 #aca4 ,to be able to hunt = ^! mi/akes1 & cr[ ov] !m1 9 ! orig9al volume1 w always give t volume its or?odox value 9 sale catalogues1 s t ,i %all sw9dle nobody :o has already b\ght ! book by br++ d[n its price ^u !m4 ,nor w ! new edition be a *eap "o--ev5 if ,i ev] get x out1 :i* is by no means c]ta94 ,"h1 h[ev]1 at once1 is ! p>agraph above ref]r$ to1 q "o ( ! mo/ important 9 ! book4 ,! read] %\ld "k1 prep>atorily1 t = :at is n[ call$ '/hesis1' ,i always us$1 & /ill use1 ! ,engli% ^w 's5sation'--z1 = in/ance1 ! s5sation ( cold or heat1 & ( _! diff]5ces2--( ! flavor ( mutton & beef1 & _! diff]5ces2--( a peacock's & a l>k's cry1 & _! diff]5ces2--( ! r$ness 9 a blu%1 & 9 r\ge1 & _! diff]5ces2--( ! :it5ess 9 sn[1 & 9 almond-pa/e1 & _! diff]5ces2--( ! blackness & brightness ( night & day1 or ( smoke & gaslight1 & _! diff]5ces1 etc41 etc4 ,b = ! ,p]ception ( ,beauty1 ,i always us$ ,plato's ^w1 :i* is ! prop] ^w 9 ,greek1 & ! only possible s+le ^w t c be us$ 9 any o!r language by any man :o und]/&s ! subject1--',!oria1'--! ,g]mans only hav+ a t]m p>allel to x1 ',ans*auung1' assum$ to be its equival5t 9 p4 #bb ( ! old edition ( ',mod]n ,pa9t]s1' b :i* is n its real equival5t1 = ,ans*auung does n 7,i believe7 include bodily s5sation1 :]eas ,plato's ,!oria does1 s f> z is necess>y2 & m9e1 some:at m ?an ,plato's4 ,! fir/ p]fection1 7!n ,i say1 9 ?is s long 9 com+ p>agraph7 ( ! !oretic faculty1 is ! k9dness & unselfi% fullness ( he>t1 :i* receives ! utmo/ am\nt ( pleasure f ! happ9ess ( all ?+s4 ,( :i* 9 high degree ! he>t ( man is incapable2 nei!r :at int5se enjoym5t ! angels may h 9 all t !y see ( ?+s t move & live1 & 9 ! "p !y take 9 ! %$d+ ( ,god's k9dness ^u !m1 c we "k or conceive3 only 9 proportion z we draw ne> to ,god1 & are made 9 measure l unto ,him1 c we increase ?is our possession ( *>ity1 ( :i* ! entire ess5ce is 9 ,god only4 ,b ev5 ! ord9>y ex]cise ( ?is faculty implies a condition ( ! :ole moral be+ 9 "s measure "r & heal?y1 & to ! entire ex]cise ( x !re is necess>y ! entire p]fection ( ! ,*ri/ian "*2 = he :o loves n ,god1 nor 8 bro!r1 _c love ! grass b5ea? 8 feet1 & ! creatures :i* live n = 8 uses1 fill+ ^? spaces 9 ! univ]se :i* he ne$s n2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 none c love ,god1 nor 8 human bro!r1 )\t lov+ all ?+s :i* 8 ,fa!r loves2 nor )\t look+ ^u !m1 e "o1 z 9 t respect 8 bre?r5 also1 & p]haps wor?i] ?an he1 if1 9 ! "u concords !y h to fill1 _! "p be t\*$ m truly4 ,x is good to read ( t k9dness & humbl5ess ( ,s4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 :o nev] spoke to bird or cicala1 nor ev5 to wolf & bea/ ( prey1 b z 8 bro!r2 & s we f9d are mov$ ! m9ds ( all good & mighty m51 z 9 ! lesson t we h f ! m>9] ( ,col]idge1 & yet m truly & rightly taught 9 ! ,h>tleap ,well3-- ',nev] to bl5d our pleasure1 or our pride1 ,) sorr[ ( ! meane/ ?+ t feels4' ,& aga9 9 ! ,:ite ,doe ( ,ryl/one1 ) ! add$ tea*+1 t angui% ( our own ',is temp]$ & allay$ by sympa?ies1 ,al(t asc5d+1 & desc5d+ deep1 ,ev5 to ! inf]ior k9ds2' s t ,i "k n ( any?+ m de/ructive ( ! :ole !oretic faculty1 n to say ( ! ,*ri/ian "* & human intellect1 ?an ^? accurs$ sports1 9 :i* man makes ( himself1 cat1 tig]1 s]p5t1 *todon1 & alligator 9 "o2 & ga!rs into "o cont9uance ( cruelty1 = 8 amusem5t1 all ! devices t brutes sp>+ly1 & at int]vals1 use aga9/ ea* o!r = _! necessities4 #acb4 ,s mu* ,i _h p]ceiv$1 & said1 y obs]ve1 good read]1 conc]n+ ,s4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 & 8 s]mons1 :5 ,i 0 only five-&-tw5ty1--little ?9k+ at t day h[1 ,evangelical-br$ z ,i 01 ,i %\ld ev] come to write a lecture = ! fir/ ,s*ool ( ,art 9 ,ox=d 9 ! ,sacri/an's cell at ,assisi1#be or ev]--among su* poor treasures z ,i h ( fri5ds' reliqu>ies--,i %\ld fondly keep a little 'p9*' ( 8 cloak4 #be ,see ',ariadne ,flor5t9a1' *ap4 v41 #afd2 comp>e ',=s1' ,lett] ,v4 ,r\gh cloak ( hair1 x is1 /ill at ,assisi2 conc]n+ :i*1 & ! g5]al use ( camels' hair1 or sackclo?1 or bri>s & ?orns1 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 toge!r ) seal-sk9s 7n badg]s'71 & rams' sk9s dy$ gules1 by ! ,jews1 & ! ,crusad]s1 z comp>$ ) ! use ( ! two furs1 ,erm9e & ,vair1 & _! f9al result 9 ! op]ations ( ! ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 mu* casual notice w be f\nd 9 my =m] "w4 ,& n[1 ?is is ! sum ( x all1 s f> z ,i c %ortly write x4 ,!re is no possibility ( expla9+ ! sy/em ( life 9 ?is _w1 on any pr9ciple ( conqu]+ly ,div9e b5evol5ce4 ,t piece ( bold impiety1 if x be s1 ,i h always ass]t$ 9 my well-consid]$ books1--,i consid]+ x1 on ! contr>y1 ! only really pi\s ?+ to say1 namely1 t ! _w is "u a curse1 :i* we may1 if we w1 gradually remove1 by do+ z we are bid1 & believ+ :at we are told2 & :5 we are told1 = in/ance1 9 ! be/ book we h ab\t our own old hi/ory1 t unto ,adam also1 & to 8 wife1 did ! ,"l ,god make coats ( sk9s1 & clo!d !m1 we are to accept x z ! be/ ?+ to be done "u ! circum/ances1 & to we>1 if we c get !m1 wolf sk91 or c[ sk91 or beav]'s1 or erm9e's2 b n !re=e to confuse ,god ) ! ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 nor to hunt foxes = _! bru%es in/ead ( _! sk9s1 or ?9k ! poor little black tails ( a ,sib]ian weasel on a judge's %\ld]s may con/itute him !re=e a ,m9os 9 matt]s ( retributive ju/ice1 or an acus 9 di/ributive1 :o c at once det]m9e h[ _m millions a ,railroad ,company are to make ! public pay = n grant+ !m _! exclusive bus9ess by telegraph4 #acc4 ,& e h\r ( my life1 s9ce t p>agraph ( ',mod]n ,pa9t]s' 0 writt51 has increas$1 ,i disda9 to say my feel+1 b say1 ) fe>less decision1 my k1 ( ! bitt]ness ( ! curse1 :i* ! habits ( hunt+ & 'la *asse' h br\ght ^u ! s-call$ upp] classes ( ,engl& & ,france2 until1 f knights & g5tlem51 !y h sunk into jockeys1 speculators1 usur]s1 but*]s by battue2 &1 ! ,engli% especially1 n[1 z a political body1 into :at ,i h call$ !m 9 ! op5+ *apt] ( ',! ,bible ( ,ami5s1'--! scurvie/ l\ts t ev] f\l$ ,god's e>? ) _! c>casses4 ,! language appe>s to be viol5t4 ,x is simply brief1 & accurate4 ,b ,i nev] meant x to rema9 )\t ju/ification1 & ,i w give ! ju/ification "h at once4 ,take y\r ,johnson1 & look out ! adjective ,scurvy1 9 its high] or figurative s5se4 ,y f9d ! fir/ quotation he gives is f ',measure = ,measure1' spok5 ( ! ,duke1 9 monk's disguise3 ,i "k him = a man div9e & holy2 ,n scurvy1 nor a tempor>y m$dl]4 ,9 :i* passage1 ,%akspe>e1 :o nev] uses words 9 va91 nor ) a gra9 less ?an _! full weight1 opposes ! div95ess ( m51 or _! walk+ ) ,god1 to ! scurv9ess ( m51 or _! wall[+ ) sw9e2 & aga91 he opposes ! hol9ess ( m51--9 ! s5se ( ,holy--h>mless1 undefil$1 & m ?an t1 helpful or heal?ful 9 action--to ! h>mful & fil?y action ( tempor>y m$dl]s1 su* z ! hang+ ( sev5te5 prie/s be=e breakfa/1 & our pr(itable milit>y successes1 9 su* a prolong$ piece ( 'tempor>y m$dl+' z ! ,crimean w>4 #acd4 ,b1 secondly1 if y look d[n ,johnson's column1 y w f9d 8 la/ quotation is n 9 ! high] or figurative1 b ! l[] & lit]al s5se1 f ,swift1 to ! effect t x w\ld be conv5i5t to prev5t ! excess ( dr9k1 ) t scurvy cu/om ( tak+ tobacco4 ,& y w also f9d1 if y ev] h ! s5se or c\rage to look ! facts ( mod]n hi/ory 9 ! face1 t ^? two it*es1 = ! pot & ! pipe1 h be5 ! roots ( e o!r demoralization ( ! fil?ie/ & lit]ally 'scurvie/' sort among all classes2--! dirty pack ( c>ds2 ! *ur* pavem5t runn+ ) human saliva1--7,i h se5 ! spitt+s 9 ponds half an in* deep1 9 ! *oir ( ,r\5 ca!dral72 & ! entirely inf]nal atmosph]e ( ! common cafs & gambl+-h\ses ( ,european fe/ivity1 infect+ e condition ( :at !y call '/hesis1' left 9 ! bodies ( m51 until !y _c be happy ) ! p9es & pansies ( ! ,alps1 until !y h mix$ tobacco smoke ) ! sc5t ( !m2 & ! :ole conclud+ 9 ! endurance--or ev5 enjoym5t--( ! mo/ squalid conditions ( fil? 9 our capital cities1 t h ev] be5 yet record$1 among ! disgraces ( mank9d4 #ace4 ,b1 ?irdly1 ,johnson's c5tral quotation is aga9 f ',measure = ,measure'3-- ,he spoke scurvy & provok+ t]ms aga9/ y\r honor4 ,! debates 9 ! ,engli% ,h\se ( ,commons1 = ! la/ half-c5tury1 hav+ consi/$ virtually ( no?+ else6 ,i next take ! ^w 'l\t1' ( :i* ,johnson gives two d]ivations = our *oice3 x is ei!r ! pa/ p>ticiple ( 'to l[]1 or make l[2' a l[$ p]son1 7z our ,h\se ( ,lords "u ! direction ( railway companies & public-h\se keep]s72 or else--& m /rictly ,i believe 9 etymology--a =m ( ! ,g]man 'leute1' 'common p4' ,9 ei!r case1 its prop] classical ,engli% s5se is giv5 by ,johnson z a mean1 awkw>d fell[2 a bumpk91 a cl[n4 ,n[ ,i surely _c ref] to any g5]al repres5tation ( ,briti% society m acceptable to1 & ackn[l$g$ by1 t society1 ?an ! f9i%$ & admirably compos$ draw+s ( ,du ,mauri] 9 ,pun* :i* h become e week m & m consi/5t1 ke51 & compreh5sive1 dur+ ! issues ( ! la/ two ye>s4 ,i take ?ree ( !m1 z q tru/wor?y pictures1 & ! be/ our pres5t arts ( del9eation c\ld produce1 ( ! ?ree ,etats1 or repres5tative ord]s1 ( ! ,briti% nation ( our day4 ,( ! ,work+ class1 take ! type giv5 9 ,lady ,cl>a ,rob9son's g>d5 tea p>ty1 p4 #agd1 vol4 #gi4 ,( ! ,m]cantile class1 ,mr4 ,smi?1 9 8 draw+-room aft] d9n]1 p4 #bbb1 vol4 #hj4 ,& ( ! ,noblesse1 ! fir/ five g5tlem5 on ! "r 7spectator's "r7 ( ! l9e1 9 ! ball at ,/ilton ,h\se1 7,july #c;d1 #ahhj74 #acf4 ,( ! mann] or /ate ( l\t1 to :i* our manufactur+ prosp]ity has r$uc$ its artisan1 z repres5t$ 9 ! fir/ ( ^! frescoes1 ,i d n ?9k x ne$ful to speak "h2 nei!r ( ! level ( sublime temp]am5t & unselfi% h]oism to :i* ! dang]s ( comm]cial ent]prise h exalt$ ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,b ! five consecutive heads 9 ! ?ird fresco are a v notable piece ( ,engli% hi/ory1 repres5t+ ! poli%$ & m or less lu/r\s type ( l\t2 :i* is inde$ a k9d ( roll$ %+le ( =m] ,engli% noblesse capable ( no?+ n[ 9 ! way ( resi/ance to ,atlantic lib]alism1 except ( gett+ itself swept up into ugly h>bor b>s1 & tr\blesome %oals 9 ! tideway4 ,& obs]ve also1 t ( ! ?ree types ( l\t1 ^: comb9$ *orus & tripudiation leads ! pres5t ,briti% ,con/itution its devil's dance1 ?is la/ & smoo!/ type is also ! dulle/4 ,y\r op]ative l\t _c inde$ hold 8 cup ( c(fee ) a grace1 or possess himself ( a biscuit f ,lady ,cl>a's salv] )\t emb>rassm5t2 b1 9 8 own mill1 he c at lea/ make a ne$le )\t an eye1 or a nail )\t a head1 or a knife t won't cut1 or some?+ ( t sort1 ) dext]ity4 ,also1 ! middle class1 or ,smi?ian l\t1 at lea/ manages 8 /ockbrok+ or m>ket+ ) decision & cunn+2 kn[s some?+ by eye or t\* ( 8 w>es1 & some?+ ( ! *>act]s ( ! m5 he has to deal )4 ,b ! ,ducal or ,m>quisian l\t has no k ( any?+ "u ! sun1 except :at sort ( horse's qu>t]s w c>ry 8 own1 f>!r weight$ ) t smoo? block or pebble ( a p[2 & no faculty "u ! sun ( do+ any?+1 except cutt+ d[n ! trees 8 fa!rs plant$ = him1 & sell+ ! l&s 8 fa!rs won4 #acg4 ,t is inde$ ! f9al result ( hunt+ & horse-rac+ on ! ,briti% l&lord4 ,( its result on ! ,briti% soldi]1 p]haps ! figures ( ,"l ,george ,sackville at ! battle ( ,m9d51 & ( ,"l ,raglan at ! battle ( ,alma1 7:o 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! battle did n "k :]e he 01 & 9 ! second plum$ himself on be+ :]e he _h no bus9ess to be17 are z illu/rative z any ,i c\ld "n2 b ! d>ke/ ( all1 to my own ?9k+1 are ! v>i\s p]sonages1 civil & milit>y1 :o h conduct$ ! ,caffre w> to its la/ successes1 ( bl[+ wom5 & *ildr5 to dea? ) dynamite1 & h>ry+ ! l&s ( entirely innoc5t peasantry1 because !y w\ld n betray _! defeat$ k+4 #ach4 ,( ! due & noble relations betwe5 man & 8 companion creatures1 ! horse1 dog1 & falcon1 en\gh has be5 said 9 my =m] writ+s--un9telligible en\gh to a *ivalry :i* passes six mon?s ( its annual life 9 ,rott5 ,r[1 & sp5ds ! r5ts ( its ,cumb]l& ,hills 9 build+ furnaces r\nd ,furness ,abbey2 b :i* c>eful /ud5ts ei!r ( pa/ knigh?ood1 or ( future ,*ri/ianity1 w f9d securely & always true4 ,= ! relations betwe5 man & 8 bea/ ( burd51 :e!r ! burd5 be himself or 8 goods1 become beautiful & honorable1 j 9 ! degree t bo? creatures are useful to ! re/ ( mank9d1 :e!r 9 w> or peace4 ,! ,greeks gave ! highe/ symbol ( !m 9 ! bridl+ ( ,pegasus = ,bell]ophon by ,a!na2 & f t my? y may g d[n to mod]n times--und]/&+1 accord+ to y\r own s5se & dignity1 :at all prophecy1 poetry1 hi/ory1 h told y--( ! horse ^: neck is clo!d ) ?und]1 or ! ox :o treade? out ! corn--( ,joseph's *>iot1 or ( ,elijah's--( ,a*illes & ,xan?us--,h]m9ius & ,black ,au/]--d[n to ,scott & ,br[n ,adam--or ,d&ie ,d9mont & ,dumple4 ,t pa/oral "o is1 ( all1 ! mo/ endur+4 ,i he> ! pr\de/ tribe ( ,arabia ,felix is n[ r$uc$ by pov]ty & civilization to sell its la/ well-br$ horse2 & t we s5d out our cavalry regim5ts to repetitions ( ! *>ge at ,balaclava1 )\t horses at all2 ^? t !y c pick up :]ev] !y l& be+ good en\gh = su* milit>y op]ations4 ,b ! c>t-horse w rema91 :5 ! *>g] & hunt] are no m2 & ) a wis] ma/]4 ,i'll buy him1 = ! dogs %all nev] ,set too? ^u a fri5d s true2 ,he'll n live long2 b ,i =ev] ,%all "k ,i gave ! bea/ 8 due4 ,ready z bird to meet ! morn ,7 all 8 ef=ts at ! pl[2 ,!n ! mill-brook--) hay or corn1 ,good creature6 h[ he'd spatt] ?r\gh4 ,i left him 9 ! %afts beh9d1 ,8 fell[s all unhook'd & gone2 ,he neigh'd1 & deem$ ! ?+ unk9d2 ,!n1 />t+1 drew ! load alone4 99 99 99 99 ,half *ok$ ) joy1 ) love1 & pride1 ,he n[ ) da9ty clov] f$ him2 ,n[ took a %ort1 triumphant ride1 ,& !n aga9 got d[n1 & l$ him4 #aci4 ,:]e ,p>is has _h to lead h] horses1 we "k2 & :]e ,london _h bett] lead h]s1 ?an let h] p die ( />vation4 ,b ,i h n lo/ my hope t !re are yet 9 ,engl& ,bewicks & ,bloomfields1 :o may tea* _! *ildr5--& e>n = _! cattle--bett] ways ( front+1 & ( wait+ =1 ,dea?4 ,nor are ! uses ( ! inf]ior creatures to u less consi/5t ) _! happ9ess4 ,to all t live1 ,dea? mu/ come4 ,! mann] ( x1 & ! "t1 are = ! human ,ma/] ( !m1 & ( ! e>?1 to det]m9e--n to 8 pleasure1 b to 8 duty & 8 ne$4 ,9 sacrifice1 or = 8 food1 or = 8 clo?+1 x is lawful = him to slay animals2 b n to delight 9 slay+ any t are helpless4 ,if he *oose1 = discipl9e & trial ( c\rage1 to leave ! bo> 9 ,calydon1 ! wolf 9 ,taurus1 ! tig] 9 ,b5gal1 or ! wild bull 9 ,aragon1 !re is =e/ & m\nta9 wide en\gh = !m3 b ! inhabit$ _w 9 sea & l& %\ld be "o va/ unwall$ p>k & treasure lake1 9 :i* its flocks ( %eep1 or de]1 or f[l1 or fi%1 %\ld be t5d$ & dealt )1 z be/ may multiply ! life ( all ,love's ,me9ie1 9 /r5g?1 & use1 & peace4 ,,app5dix4 #adj4 ,?is "p ( ! book w1 ,i hope1 be cont9u\s ) ! text ( x1 conta9+ h5ce=w>d1 9 ea* numb]1 ! nom5clature hi!rto us$ = ! birds describ$ 9 x1 & ! ,au?or's reason = 8 *oice or *ange ( names4 ,9 ! pres5t numb]1 x supplies also ! nom5clature requir$ = ! two prec$+ ones1 & ?us f9i%es ! fir/ volume4 ,! names giv5 fir/1 9 capitals1 = ea* bird1 are ^? :i* ! ,au?or w 9 future give x1 & proposes = use 9 elem5t>y tea*+4 ,!y w consi/ only ( a pla9 ,lat9 specific "n1 ) "o1 or at ! mo/ two1 ,lat9 epi!ts2 & ! simple/ popul> ,engli% "n1 if !re be "o2 if n1 ! ,engli% "n w usually be ! direct translation ( ! ,lat9 "o4 ,!n 9 ord] w foll[-- ,i4 ,l9nu's "n1 m>k$ ,l4 ,,ii4 ,buffon's "n1 m>k$ ,f1 ! ,f /&+ also = ',fr5*' :5 any popul> ,fr5* "n is giv5 ) ,buffon's4 ,,iii4 ,! ,g]man popul> "n1 m>k$ ,t 7,teutonic71 = ,i want ! ,g = ,mr4 ,g\ld2 & ?is ,t w include au?oritative ,g]man sci5tific names also4 ,,iv4 ,! ,italian popul> "n1 if "o exi/s1 to give ! connection ) old ,lat91 m>k$ ,i4 ,v4 ,mr4 ,g\ld's "n1 ,g2 ,y>rell's1 ,y2 ,dressl]'s1 ,d2 & ,gesn]'s1 ,ges1 be+ add$1 if diff]5t4 ,,vi4 ,bewick's1 ,b4 ,,vii4 ,%akspe>e's & ,*auc]'s1 if ,i "k !m2 & g5]al ref]5ces1 su* z may be ne$ful4 ,! ,app5dix w ?us conta9 ! names ( all ! birds ,i am able to ?9k or le>n any?+ ab\t1 z ,i c set d[n :at ,i ?9k or le>n2 & ) no o!r attempt at ord] ?an ! slight gr\p+ ( conv5i5ce3 b ! numb]s ( ! species exam9$ w be consecutive1 s t ,l4 ,m4 #be1--,love's ,me9ie1 ,numb] tw5ty-five1--or :atev] ! numb] may be1 w at once id5tify any bird 9 ! sy/em ( ! ,/4 ,george's s*ools4 ,! foll[+ note by ! ,au?or has 9 previ\s editions fac$ ! fir/ page ( ,lecture ,,iii41 ) ! exception ( ! ,nos4 i4-vii41 :i* are n[ add$ by ! ,editor = ! sake ( complet5ess4 99 99 99 99 ,names ( ! birds notic$1 accord+ to ! ,au?or's sy/em1 ) ref]5ce to ! sections ( ! text & ! ,app5dix 9 :i* ! read] w f9d _! m melodi\s sci5tific nom5clature3-- ,sect4 ,sect4 ,i4 ,rutila ,famili>is4 ,rob9 ,r$brea/ ,text #a seqq4 ,app4 #ada ,,ii4 ,hirundo ,dome/ica4 ,h\se ,swall[ #da seqq4 #adb ,,iii4 ,hirundo ,mona/ica4 ,m>tlet -- #adc ,,iv4 ,hirundo ,rip>ia4 ,bank ,m>tlet -- #add ,v4 ,hirundo ,sagitta4 ,swift #fd #ade ,,vi4 ,hirundo ,alp9a4 ,alp9e ,swift -- #adf ,,vii4 ,noctua ,europa4 ,night-j> ( ,europe -- #adg ,,viii4 ,m]ula ,fontium4 ,torr5t ,ouzel #hi #adh ,,ix4 ,allegretta ,nympha4 ,lily ,ouzel #ic #adi ,,ix4,a4 ,allegretta ,maculata4 ,spott$ ,allegret #if #adi ,,ix4,b4 ,allegretta ,/ell>is4 ,/>ry ,allegret #ig #adi ,,ix4,c4 ,allegretta ,m9uta4 ,t9y ,allegret #ih #adi ,x4 ,trepida ,/agn>um4 ,little ,grebe #ajj #aej ,,xi4,a4 ,titania ,arctica4 ,arctic ,fairy #aaa #aea ,,xi4 ,titania ,incon/ans4 ,*angeful ,fairy #aad #aea ,,xii4 ,rallus ,aquaticus4 ,wat] ,rail #aaf #aeb ,,xii4,a4 ,pulla ,aquatica4 ,wat] ,h5 #acc #aec ,i4 #ada4 ,,rutila ,,famili>is4 ,,rob9 ,,r$brea/4 ,motacilla ,rubecula4 ,l4 ,r\ge-,gorge4 ,f4 ,ro?-breu/le94--,wald-roetele4--,w9t]-ro etele4--,ro?-kehls*54 ,t4 ,petti-rosso4 ,i4 ,ery?acus ,rubecula4 ,g4 ,rubecula ,ery?acus4 ,ges4 ,ery?aca ,rubecula4 ,y4 ,rebecula ,famili>is4 ,d4 ,ruddock4 ,b4 ,ruddock1 9 ,cymbel9e2 tame ,ruddocke1 9 ,assembly ( ,f[ls2 full rob9-r$ebrea/1 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,love3 ,! second lesson1 ,rob9 ,r$ebrea/ sang4 ,x is rightly class$ by ,f4 & ,y4 ) ! ,w>bl]s4 ,g\ld /rangely puts x ) 8 rock-birds1 'saxicol91'--9 :i*1 h[ev]1 he also includes ! s$ge w>bl]4 ,! true ,rob9 is prop]ly a wood-bird2 ! ,sw$i% blue-?roat$ "o lives 9 m>%es & arable fields4 ,i h nev] se5 a rob9 9 really wild m\nta9 gr\nd4 ,!re is only "o ,european species ( ! r$-brea/$ ,rob94 ,g\ld names two ,japanese ones4 ,,ii4 #adb4 ,,hirundo ,,dome/ica4 ,,h\se ,,swall[4 ,hirundo ,ru/ica4 ,l4 ,hirondelle ,dome/ique4 ,f4 ,s*walbe4 ,t4 ,swala1 ,sw$i%1 & ,saxon1 :5ce our ,swall[3 b comp>e ,lecture ,,ii41 #dd4 ,rond9e ,comune4 ,i4 7note ,rondine1 ! ,swall[2 ,rondone1 ! ,swift74 ,hirundo ,ru/ica4 ,g4 & ,y4 ,*imney-,swall[4 ,b4 ,,iii4 #adc4 ,,hirundo ,,mona/ica4 ,,m>tlet4 ,hirundo ,urbica4 ,l4 ,hirondelle de ,f5etre4 ,f4 ,kir*-s*walbe4 7,*ur*-,swall[47 ,t4 ,bale/ruccio4 ,i4 ,*elidon ,urbica4 ,d4 & ,g4 ,hirundo ,urbica4 ,m>t94 ,y4 ,m>tlet1 ,m>t9et1 or ,w9d[-,swall[4 ,y4 ,i _c get at ! root ( ?is ^w1 ',m>tlet1' :i* is ! really classical & au?oritative ,engli% "o4 ,i h call$ x ,mona/ica1 9 translation ( ,%akspe>e's temple-haunt+4 ,! ma9 idea ab\t ?is bird1 among p :o h any ideas1 seems to be t x haunts & builds among gr&] masses or clefts ( wall ?an ! common ,swall[4 ,?us ! ,g]mans1 besides ,*ur*-,swall[1 call x wall1--rock1--ro(1--or w9d[1 swall[1 & ,mur-,spyr51 or ,mun/] ,spyr54 7,wall-walk]8 ,m9/]-walk]87 ,b by ! p :o h no ideas1 ! names 't[n' & 'c\ntry1' 'urbica' & 'ru/ica1' h be5 accept$ z indicat+ ! practical result1 t a bird :i* likes walls w live 9 t[ns1 & "o :i* is cont5t ) eaves may rema9 9 f>ms & villages1 & "u _! /raw-built %$s4 ,my "n1 ,mona/ica1 is f>!r ju/ifi$ by ! ,dom9ican sev]ity ( ! bird's dress1 d>k gray-blue & :ite only2 :ile ! ,dome/ica has a r$ cap & light br[n bodice1 & mu* long] tail4 ,z f> z ,i rememb]1 ! bird ,i "k be/ is ! ,mona/ica4 ,i h se5 x 9 happie/ flocks 9 all-mona/ic ,abbeville1 play+ ov] ! ,somme 9 morn+ sunlight1 da%+ deep ?r\gh ! wat] at e /oop1 l a h>dca/ /one4 ,,iv4 #add4 ,,hirundo ,,rip>ia4 ,,bank ,,m>tlet4 ,hirundo ,rip>ia4 ,l4 ,hirondelle de ,rivage4 ,f4 ,rhe9-s*walbe1 7,rh9e-,swall[17--uf]-s*walbe1 7,%ore-,swall[17--erd-s*walbe1 7,e>?-,swall[74 ,t4 ,top9o1 7,! m\se-color47--,rond9e de riva4 ,i4 ,cotyle ,rip>ia4 ,g4 ,hirundo ,rip>ia4 ,y4 ,bank-,m>t94 ,b4 ,! ,italian "n1 ',top9o1' is a good famili> "o1 ! bird be+ sc>cely l>g] ?an a m\se1 & ! head1 neck1 brea/1 & back ( a m\se-color4 7,b47 ,x is ! smalle/ ( ! ,swall[ tribe1 & %orte/ ( w+2 accord+ly1 ,i f9d ,spallanzani's exp]im5t on ! rate ( swall[-flight 01 = great] c]ta9ty & sev]ity1 made ) ?is app>5tly feeble/ ( its k9d3--a m>k$ ,top9o1 br\ght f its ne/ at ,pavia to ,milan1 7fifte5 miles17 flew back to ,pavia 9 ?irte5 m9utes4 ,i imag9e a ,swift w\ld at lea/ h d\bl$ ?is rate ( flight1 & t we may safely take a hundr$ miles an h\r z an av]age ( swall[-spe$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is less by ?ree-fif?s ?an ,mi*elet's e/imate4 ,see above1 ,lecture ,,ii41 #dh4 ,i h sub/itut$ 'bank' = 's&' 9 ! ,engli% "n1 s9ce all ! six quot$ au?orities give x ?is epi!t 9 ,lat9 or ,fr5*1 & ,bewick 9 ,engli%4 ,also1 x may be well ?us to di/+ui% x f birds ( ! sea-%ore4 ,v4 #ade4 ,,hirundo ,,sagitta4 ,,swift4 ,hirundo ,apus4 ,l4 ,m>t9et ,noir4 ,f4 ,geyr-s*walbe4 7,vulture-,swall[47 ,t4 ,rondone4 7,plural1 ,rond9i47 ,i4 ,cypselus ,apus4 ,g4 & ,y4 ,swift1 ,black ,m>t91 or ,devil+4 ,b4 ,i ?9k x w be (t5 well to admit ! lic5se ( us+ a sub/antive = epi!t1 7z "o says rock-bird or sea-bird1 & n 'rocky1' or 'm>9e1'7 9 ,lat9 z well z 9 ,engli%4 ,we ?us greatly increase our p[]1 & assi/ ! brevity ( nom5clature2 & we ga9 ! conv5i5ce ( us+ ! second t]m by itself1 :5 we wi% to d s1 m naturally4 ,?us1 "o may %ortly speak ( ',! ,sagitta' 7:5 "o is on a sci5tific po9t :]e ',swift' w\ld be indecor\s67 m easily ?an "o c\ld speak ( ',! ,/ridula1' or ',! ,velox1' if we gave ! bird ei!r ( ^? epi!ts4 ,i ?9k ?is ( ,sagitta is ! mo/ descriptive "o c\ld well f9d2 only ! read] is always to recollect t arr[-birds mu/ be m heavy 9 ! head or %aft ?an arr[-weapons1 & fly m 9 ! mann] ( rifle-%ot ?an b[-%ot4 ,see ,lecture ,,ii41 #df1 #fg1 #ga1 9 :i* la/ p>agraph1 h[ev]1 ,i h to correct ! c>eless /atem5t1 t 9 ! sail+ flight1 )\t /roke1 ( ! l>g] falcons1 _! weight ev] acts l ! /r+ ( a kite4 ,_! weight acts simply z ! weight ( a kite acts1 & no o!rwise4 7,comp>e #fe47 ,! impulsive =ce 9 sail+ c be giv5 only by ! tail fea!rs1 l t ( a d>t+ tr\t by ! tail f94 ,i d n ?9k any excuse necess>y = my rejection ( ! "n :i* seems mo/ to h e/abli%$ itself lately1 ',cypselus ,apus1' ',footless ,capsule4' ,x is n footless1 & !re is no s5se 9 call+ a bird a capsule because x lives 9 a hole1 7:i* ! ,swift does n47 ,! ,greeks _h a d\ble idea 9 ! ^w1 :i* x is n ! lea/ necess>y to keep2 & ,ari/otle's cypselus is n ! swift1 b ! bank-m>tlet--!y br+ up _! "y 9 cells made out ( clay1 long 9 ! entrance4 ,! swift be+ precisely ! "o ( ! ,hirund9es :i* does n make its ne/ ( clay1 b ( miscellane\s /raws1 ?reads1 & %r$s ( any adaptable rubbi%1 :i* x c snat* f ! gr\nd z x /oops on ! w+1#bf or pilf] f any half-ru9$ ne/s ( o!r birds4 #bf ,i h 9 diff]5t times & places op5$ t5 or twelve swifts' ne/s2 9 all ( !m ,i f\nd ! same mat]ials1 & ^! consi/+ ( a great v>iety ( sub/ances--/alks ( corn1 dry grass1 moss1 hemp1 bits ( cord1 ?reads ( silk & l951 ! tip ( an erm9e's tail1 small %r$s ( gauze1 ( musl9 & o!r light /uffs1 ! fea!rs ( dome/ic birds1 *>coal1--9 %ort1 :atev] !y c f9d 9 ! sweep+s ( t[ns4--,buffon4 ,belon ass]ts 7,buffon does n v5ture to gu>antee ! ass]tion71 t !y w descry a fly at ! di/ance ( a qu>t] ( a league6 ',cotyle' is only a synonym = ,cypselus1 enabl+ orni?ologi/s to become f>!r un9telligible4 ,we w be tr\bl$ no m ei!r ) cotyles or capsules1 b recollect simply t ,hirundo1 ,greek3 *elidn1 swall[1 s*walbe1 & hirondelle1 are 9 ea* language ! suffic+ s+le words = ! entire ,hirund9e race4 ,,vi4 #adf4 ,,hirundo ,,alp9a4 ,,alp9e ,,swift4 ,hirundo ,melba4 ,l4 ,le gr& ,m>t9et a ,v5tre ,blanc4 ,f4 ,cypselus ,melba4 ,g4 ,cypselus ,alp9us4 ,y4 ,alp9e ,swift1--,:ite-belli$ ,swift4 ,y4 ,n 9 ,bewick4 ,i _c f9d its ,g]man "n4 ,! ,italians comp>e x ) ! sea-swall[1 :i* is a gull4 ,:at ',melba' means1 or ev] meant1 ,i h no conception4 ,! bird is ! noble/ ( all ! swall[ tribe--ne>ly z l>ge z a hawk1 & lives high 9 air1 no?+ b rocks or ca!drals s]v+ x = ne/4 ,9 ,france1 se5 only ne> ! ,alps2 9 ,spa91 among ! m\nta9s ( ,aragon4 ,almo/ e p]son :o has _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ ?is bird speaks 9 t]ms ( admiration ( its va/ p[]s ( flight2 x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t an individual %\ld n[ & !n w+ its way across ! ,*annel to ! ,briti% ,isl&s1 & roam ov] our meads & fields until x is %ot4 7,g47 ,x is1 ,i believe1 ! swall[ ( ! ,bible1--abundant1 ?\gh only a summ] migrant1 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,i h nev] se5 x1 t ,i "k (1 nor ?\ght ( x 9 ! lecture on ! ,swall[2 b give "h ! complete s]ies ( ,hirund9es1 ( :i* "s notice may incid5tally aft]w>ds occur 9 ! text4 ,,vii4 #adg4 ,,noctua ,,europ,a4 ,,night-,,j> ,,( ,,europe4 ,caprimulgus ,europu4 ,l4 ,l',eng\lev5t4 ,f4 7,crapaud-volant1 popul>47 ,geissmel*]4--,na*t-s*ade4 ,t4 ,covat]ra4 ,i4 ,caprimulgus ,europu4 ,g4 & ,y4 ,night-j>4 ,b4 ,dorrhawk & ,f]n-owl1 also giv5 by ,bewick1 are ! mo/ beautiful ,engli% names = ?is bird2 b z x is really nei!r a hawk nor an owl1 ?\gh mu* m+l$ 9 its mann]s ( bo?1 ,i keep ! usual "o1 ,night-j>1 euphoni\s = ,night-,*urr1 f its cont9u\s note l ! s\nd ( a sp9n+ :eel4 ,! idea ( its suck+ goats1 or any o!r milky creature1 has long be5 set at re/2 & sci5ce1 intol]ant ( leg5ds 9 :i* !re is any use or beauty1 _c be all[$ to ratify 9 its dog or pig-,lat9 ^? :i* are et]nally vulg> & pr(itless4 ,i _h fir/ ?\ght ( call+ x ,hirundo ,nocturna2 b ?is w\ld be too broad mass+2 = al?\gh ! creature is m swall[ ?an owl1 liv+ :olly on insects1 x mu/ be prop]ly held z a di/9ct species f bo?4 ,owls _c gape l con/rictors2 nor h swall[s :isk]s or be>ds1 or combs to keep bo? 9 ord] )1 on _! middle toes4 ,?is bird's cat-l bri/les at ! base ( ! beak connect x ) ! be>d$ ,t\cans1 & s also ! too!d m&ibles ( ! ,am]ican cave-dwell+ v>iety4 ,i %all n want ! ^w ,noctua = ! owls !mselves1 & x is a pretty & simple "o = ?is tribe1 enabl+ ! local epi!t ',european1' & o!r necess>y ones1 ( v>ieties1 to be reta9$ = ! second or specific t]m4 ,na*t-s*ade1 ,night-loss1 ! popul> ,g]man "n1 p]haps really /ill ref]s to ?is suppos$ nocturnal ?iev+2 or may h fall5 euphoni\s f ,na*t-s*walbe1 :i* 9 "s places abides4 ',crapaud-volant' is ugly1 b descriptive1 ! br[n speckl+ ( ! bird be+ inde$ toadlike1 ?\gh wond]ful & beautiful4 ,bewick has put 8 utmo/ skill into x2 & ! cut1 ) ! ,bitt]n & ,:ite ,owl1 may p]haps /& o!rwise unrival$ by any ( 8 h&4 ,g\ld's draw+ ( ! bird on its gr\nd ne/1 or gr\nd cont5t$ly tak5 = ne/1 among hea? & sc>let-topp$ li*51 is among ! mo/ beautiful 9 8 book2 & !re are f\r q exquisite draw+s by ,mr4 ,=d1 ( ,african v>ieties1 9 ,dr4 ,smi?'s zoology ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,! "o call$ by ! doctor ,europu seems a gray] & m graceful bird ?an ours4 ,natal5sis we>s a mo/ wond]ful d>k oak-leaf patt]n ( cloak4 ,rufig5a1 ,i suppose1 blu%es h]self sep>ate f ,ruficollis ( ,g\ld8 b ^! =eign v>ieties seem c\ntless4 ,i %all nev] h "t to exam9e !m1 b ?\ght x n well to end ! titul> li/ ( ! swall[s )\t notice ( ! position ( ?is great tribe4 ,,viii4 #adh4 ,,m]ula ,,fontium4 ,,torr5t-,,ouzel4 ,/urnus ,c9clus4 ,l4 ,m]le d',eau4 ,f4 ,ba*-,amsel4 ,t4 ,m]la ,aquaiola4 ,i4 ,c9clus ,aquaticus4 ,g4 & ,y4 ,wat] ,ouzel4 ,b4 ,turdus ,c9clus1 ,p5nant2 ,common ,dipp]1 ,y42 ,didapp]1 ,d\ck]1 ,wat] ,cr[1 ,wat] ,piot1 ,b42 ,c9cle ,plongeur1 ,temm9ck2 ,wass] ,tro/el1 ,swiss4 ,! sci5tific full arrangem5t1 accord+ to ,y>rell1 is ?us3-- #a4 ,ord]--,,insessores4 #b4 ,tribe--,d5tiro/res4 #c4 ,g5us--,m]ulid4 #d4 ,species--,c9clus4 #e4 ,individual--,aquaticus4 ,y w please obs]ve t "s ( ! sci5tific p call x a blackbird--"s a ?ru%--"s a />l+--& ! re/ a ,c9cle1 :atev] t may be4 ,x rema9s = !m n[ only to %[ h[ ! ,c9cle has be5 develop$ out ( ! ,w9kle1 & ! ,w9kle out ( ! ,quangle-,wangle4 ,y w note also t ! ,york%ire & ,durham m9d is balanc$ betwe5 ! two views ( its be+ a cr[ or a magpie4 ,i am cont5t myself to be 9 h>mony ) ,france & ,italy1 9 my ',m]ula1' & ) ,g]many 9 my ,torr5t-,ouzel4 ,_! 'ba*' 7z 9 ,/aubba*1 ,giesba*1 ,rei*5ba*7 be+ ess5tially a m\nta9 wat]fall2 & _! 'amsel1' z our ,damsel1 m]ely ! ,teutonic =m ( ! ,demoiselle or ,domicilla--',h\se-,ouzel1' z x 71 7said ( a nice girl7--,domicilla aga9 be+1 ,i ?9k1 m]ely ! transposition ( ,ancilla ,dom9i1--,behold1 ! h&maid ( ! ,"l3 7see frontispiece to ?ird volume ( ',mod]n ,pa9t]s'7 :i*1 if "y ladies 9 g5]al 7 to embroid] on _! girdles--?\gh _! dresses1 fitt+ at pres5t 'z close z a glove' 7see description ( mod]n ,am]ican ideal 9 ',a ,fair ,b>b>ian'7 d n usually require girdles ei!r = _! keys or _! mann]s1--x w\ld probably be ?\ght irrev]5t by mod]n cl]gym52 b if ! demoiselle 7 none ! bett] = x1 %e c\ld c]ta9ly be none ! worse4 #adi4 ,,allegretta ,,nymph,a4 ,,lily-,,ouzel4 ,v>4 #a 7,,ix4,a47 ,,allegretta ,,nymph,a1 ,,maculata4 ,,spott$ ,,allegret4 ,rallus ,porzana4 ,l4 ,p\le d',eau ,m>onette4 ,f4 ,w9k]nell4 ,t4 ,porzana4 ,i4 ,zapornia ,porzana4 ,g4 ,crex ,porzana4 ,y4 ,ortygometra ,porzana4 ,/eph4 ,gall9ula ,maculata et ,punctata4 ,brehm54 ,spott$ ,crake4 ,b4 ,! ',w9k]nell' is ,i believe prov9cial 7,alsace72 s1 ,gir>d9a1 ,milanese1 & ,gir>d9e1 ,pic>d4--,i c make no?+ :atev] ( any ( ^! names2--,porzana1 ,bolognese & ,v5etian1 might p]haps mean ,piggy-bird2 & ,ortygometra ,porzana w\ld !n mean1 9 s]i\s ,engli%1 ! ',quail-siz$ ,pig-bird4' ,i am sorry n to be able to d bett] z ,int]pret] = my sci5tific fri5ds4 ,,ix4,b4 ,,allegretta ,,nymph,a1 ,,/ell>is4 ,,/>ry ,,allegret4 ,n sep>at$ by ,l9nu1 or ,buffon1 or ,bewick1 nor by popul> ,g]man or ,fr5* names1 f ! ,m>\ette4 ,crex ,baillonii1 ,baillon's ,crake4 ,y4 ,porzana ,pygma4 ,g4 ,gall9ula ,/ell>is4 ,temm9ck4 ,,ix4,c4 ,,allegretta ,,nymph,a1 ,,m9uta4 ,,t9y ,,allegret4 ,porzana ,m9uta1 ,olivace\s ,crake4 ,g4 ,crex ,pusilla1 ,little ,crake4 ,y4 ,p\le d',eau ,p\ss94 ,temm9ck4 ,little ,gall9ule4 ,b4 ,x nev] occurr$ to me1 :5 ,i 0 writ+ ( classical l&scape1 t ',p\ss9' to a ,fr5* e> convey$ ! idea ( '*ick51' or ( ! "y ( birds 9 g5]al4 7,is x f 'p\ss]1' z if !y 7 a k9d ( budd+ ( bird87 ,ev]ybody seems to agree 9 feel+ t ?is is a k9d ( wr5 among ! dab*icks4 ,bewick's "n1 ',little ,gall9ule1' mean+ ( c\rse1 if he knew x1 ! twice-ov] little ,gall9a2--& "h aga9 ! "q occurs to me ab\t its voice4 ,is x a twice-ov] little cr[1 call$ a 'creak1' or any?+ l ! ,rail's m provok+ly cont9u\s objurgation8--comp>e notes bel[ on ,rallus ,aquaticus4 ,i f9d1 ) "s al>m1 9 ,buffon1 t "o ) a long] tail1 ! ,cau-rale or ,tail-rail ( ,cay5ne1 is !re call$ ',little ,peacock ( ! ,roses2' b its cry is repres5t$ by ! liquid syllables ',piolo1' :ile ! black-spott$ "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s--,magellan's ',wat]-quail'--says ',poo-a-nee1' & ! ,bidi-bidi ( ,jamaica says ',bidi-bidi4' ,x4 #aej4 ,,trepida ,,/agn>um4 ,,little ,,grebe4 ,colymbus ,m9or4 ,l4 ,le ,ca/agneux4 ,f4 ,deut*el4 ,t4 ,tropaz>ola8 ,i4 ,podiceps ,m9or4 ,c4 ,little ,grebe4 ,b4 ,! ,york%ire acc5ts & *anges ( its "n are giv5 by ,bewick3 ,dob*ick--small d\ck]2 ,dipp]1 or ,didapp]4 ,9 ,b>badoes--,two-p5ny *ick4 ,x seems to me curi\s t )\t kn[+ ,buffon's "n1 :i* ,i h only look$ up n[1 '! ,*e/nutty1' giv5 f ! br[n on its back1 ,i %\ld h1 myself1 always call$ its foot '*e/nutty1' f ! %ape ( its lobes4 ,my ',trepida' w d well en\gh1 ,i ?9k1 = a ,lat9 r5d]+ ( ,grebe1 & w include ! :ole gr\p ( !m1--'/agn>um' rema9+ = ?is species only1 & ! o!rs be+ call$ ,tippet$ ,trepids1 or ,muff$ ,trepids1 ,e>$ ,trepids or ,maje/ic ,trepids1 z ,i f9d out :at !y we>1 & h[ !y behave4 ,grbe is us$ by ,buffon only = ! l>g] ones1 & ,ca/agneux = ! small]1 :i* is absurd en\gh1 unless ! small] are also ! br[n]4 ,b ,i f9d 9 ,buffon "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s n giv5 9 my text--namely1 t ! :ole gr\p diff]s f common *icks1 n only 9 ! lob$ feet1 b 9 ^! be+ set s f> back1 7becom+ almo/ a fi%'s tail inde$1 r ?an a bird's legs17 t !y are q useless = walk+1 & c\ld support ! bird only on l& if x /ood upright3 b t x da%es ?r\gh ! waves 7i4e41 ! l>g] v>ieties ?r\gh sea waves71 & runs on ! surface8 7i4e41 ! small] v>ieties on pools17 ) surpris+ rapidity2 its motions are said to be nev] quick] & brisk] ?an :5 "u wat]4 ,x pursues ! fi% to a v great dep?1 & is (t5 caught 9 fi%]m5's nets4 ,x dives deep] ?an ! scot] duck1 :i* is tak5 only on b$s ( %ellfi% left b>e by ! ebb-tide2 :ile ! ,grebes are tak5 9 ! op5 sea1 (t5 at m ?an tw5ty feet dep?4 ,,xi4 #aea4 ,,titania ,,arctica4 ,,arctic ,,fairy4 ,tr+a ,fulic>ia4 ,l4 7,no ,fr5* "n giv5 9 my edition ( ,buffon67 ,no ,g]man1 any:]e4 ,no ,italian1 any:]e4 ,b ( sugge/ions by sci5tific au?ors1 "h are en\gh to *oose f3-- ,lobipes ,hyp]boreus1 ,g4 ,lobipes ,hyp]borea1 ,selby4 ,phal>opus ,hyp]boreus1 ,p5n4 ,phal>ope ,hyp]bore1 ,temm4 ,phal>opus ,fulic>ia1 ,mont4 ,phal>opus ,fuscus1 ,bewick4 ,phal>opus ,rufesc5s1 ,briss4 ,r$ ,coot-foot$ ,tr+a1 ,edw4 ,r$-neck$ ,phal>ope1 ,g\ld4 ,lobe-foot1 ,selby4 ,coot-foot1 ,flem+4 ,i am a little %ock$ at my own *oice ( "n 9 ?is case1 n q pleas+ my imag9ation ) ! idea ( a ,coot-foot$ ,fairy4 ,b s9ce ,a!na h]self ?9ks x no disgrace to take = disguise ! lik5ess ei!r ( a sea-gull or a swall[1 a sea-fairy may c]ta9ly be ?\ght ( z condesc5d+ to appe> ) a div+ bird's foot2 & ! r t1 if "o may judge by pa9t]s' ef=ts to give u sight ( ,fairyl&1 ! g5]al "* ( its inhabitants is m t ( e>?ly or m>9e gobl9s ?an a]ial ones4 ,n[ ?is is /range6 ,at ! la/ mom5t1 ,i f9d ?is s5t5ce 9 ,g\ld's introduction3 ,! g5]ic t]ms ,phal>opus & ,lobipes h be5 in/itut$ = ! fairy-l phal>opes4 ,,xi4,a4 ,,titania ,,incon/ans4 ,,*angeful ,,fairy4 ,tr+a ,lobata4 ,l4 ,phal>opus ,fulic>ius 7,gray ,phal>ope74 ,g4 ,phal>opus ,lobatus4 ,la?am4 ,phal>ope ) ind5t$ fe/oons1 ,engli% trans4 ( ,buffon4--,x is ( no use to r+ ! *anges f>!r4 ,,xii4 #aeb4 ,,rallus ,,aquaticus4 ,,wat] ,,rail4 ,rallus ,aquaticus4 ,l41 ,g41 ,y4 ,rle d',eau4 ,f4 ,samet-,h5nle--,velvet 7silk587 h54 ,ges4 ,s*w>tz-,wass]-,h5nle4 ,t48 ,vagtel-,konge4 ,dani%4 ,porzana1 or ,=zana1 at ,v5ice4 ,brook-,ouzel--,velvet ,runn]4 ,b4 ,i take ?is gr\p ( =eign names f ,buffon1 b "q ! ,g]man "o1 :i* mu/ belong to ! ,wat] ,h52 = ! ,rail is n black1 b prettily gray & spott$1 & ,i ?9k ,buffon confuses ! two birds1 z sev]al popul> names d4 ,?us1 ! ,velvet ,h5 also1 ,i fancy1 is ! ,wat] ,h52 b ,bewick's ,velvet-,runn] p>tly confirms x to ! ,rail4 ,i f9d no?+ ab\t velvet said 9 describ+ ! plumage4 ,i leave ,l9nu's = our ,lat9 "n1 "u "s prote/4 ,rallus is a late ,lat9 adjective1 mean+ '?91' & if und]/ood z ',?9-bird1' or ',la?-l' bird1 w\ld be reasonable2 b if x /&1 z x does practically1 = ,rail+ or ,rattl+ bird1 x is bo? bad ,lat91 &1 z f> z ,i c make out1 calumni\s ( ! usually quiet creature4 ,note also1 = a connect$ piece ( s*ol>%ip1 t our ,engli% v]b to 'rail' does n prop]ly mean to scold1 or to abuse noisily2 x is f 'raill]1' & means to 'rally1' or je/ at1 :i* is (t5 a mu* wick$] ?+ to d1 if ! matt] be inde$ no je/4 ,note also ( ,samet or ,samite1 its d]ivation f late ,greek ,greek3 examitos1 silk5 /uff wov5 ( six ?reads1 ( :i* ,i believe two 7 ( gold4 ,! ,fr5* oriflamme 0 ( crimson samite1 & ,i don't see :y ! ,fr5* %\ldn't call ?is bird ,p\le de ,soie1 in/ead ( by _! pres5t ugly "n--m objectionable on all gr\nds1 ( s5se1 s*ol>%ip1 & feel+1 ?an ! ,engli% "o4 ,b see ! next species4 #aec4 ,,xii4,a4 ,,pulla ,,aquatica4 ,,wat] ,,h54 ,!re seems s mu* confusion 9 ! m9ds1 or at lea/ ! language1 ( orni?ologi/s1 betwe5 ! ,wat] ,rail & ,wat] ,h51 t ,i give ?is latt] bird "u ! numb] ,,xii4,a4 r ?an ,,xiii41 7:i* w\ld1 besides1 be an unlucky numb] to end my ,app5dix )72 & x w\ld be v nice1 if at all possible or prop]1 to keep ^! two l>g] dab*icks connect$ pleasantly 9 s*ool-girl m9ds by _! co/umes1 & call "o ',silk5 ,runn]1' & ?is1--:i*1 z said above1 ,gesn] seems to mean1 ,velvet ,runn]1 or ,velvet ,h54--,p\le de ,soie or ,p\le de ,vel\rs8 ,i am gett+ a little confus$ myself1 h[ev]1 ,i f9d at la/1 betwe5 ,p\les1 ,p\ss9s1 ,pullets1 & ,pullas2 & mu/ = ! pres5t leave ! matt] to ! read]'s *oice & fancy1 till ,i get "s m birds look$ at1 & nam$3--only1 = a pretty end ( my ,app5dix1 "h are two bits ( v preci\s lett]s1 s5t me by fri5ds :o "k birds bett] ?an mo/ sci5tific p1 b h be5 too busy--"o 9 a ',dorcas ,society1' & ! o!r 9 a *ildr5's hospital--to write books1 & only n[ write ^! bits ( lett]s on my special petition4 ,! memb] ( ! ,dorcas ,society s5ds me ?is brief b f9al & satisfactory answ] to my above "q ab\t birds' e>s3-- ,we talk & ?9k ( birds z ess5tially musical & mimetic1 or at lea/ vocal & noisy creatures2 & yet we seem to ?9k t al?\gh !y h an e>1 !y h no e>s4 ,little or no?+ is told u ( ! /ructure ( a bird's e>4 ,we are n[ too enlight5$ to believe 9 :at we c't see2 & e>s t are nev] prick$1 or cock$1 or laid back1--t m]ely receive & le>n1 b don't express1--t are organs1 n features1 don't int]e/ our philosoph]s n[4 ,if y bl[ g5tly on ! fea!rs ( ! side ( a bird's head1 a little above & beh9d ! corn] ( ! beak1 a little bel[ & beh9d ! eye1 ! p>t$ fea!rs w %[ ! li/5+ place2 a little hole ) convolutions ( delicate sk9 turn+ inw>ds1 v mu* l :at y\r own e> w\ld be if y _h none1--,i mean1 if all ( x t lies above ! level ( ! head _h be5 remov$1 leav+ no trace4 ,no "o :o looks at ! little hole c\ld fail to see t x is an e>1 highly organiz$--an e> = music2 at lea/1 ,i f\nd x s among ! f9*es ,i h exam9$2 ,i "k n if a simpl] /ructure is evid5t 9 ! e> ( a rook or a peacock4 ,! fea!rs are s plant$ r\nd a bird's e>s1 t h[ev] ruffl$ or wet1 !y c't get 9--& possibly !y conduct s\nd4 ,birds h no ne$ ( e>s ) a movable c[l ov] !m1 to turn & twi/ = ! cat*+ ( /ray s\nds1 z foxes h1 & h>es1 & o!r f\r-foot$ ?+s2 = a bird c turn 8 :ole head s z to put 8 e> :]ev] he pleases 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye2 & he has too _m res\rces1 :atev] bird he may be1 ( voice & ge/ure1 to ne$ any p[] ( e>-cock+ to welcome 8 fri5ds1 or e>-flatt5+ to m5ace 8 foes4 ,! long & ! %ort ( x is1 t we may z well take ! tr\ble fir/ to look =1 & !n to look at1 a bird's e>--hav+ fir/ made ! bird l u & tru/ u s mu*1 t he won't m9d a human brea? ^u 8 *eek1 b w let u see beh9d ! veil1 into ! doorless corridor t lets music into ! bird-s\l4 #aed4 ,next2 ! physician 7ov] :om1 to get ! lett] out ( him1 ,i _h to use ! au?ority ( a m ?an ord9>ily imp]i\s pati5t7 says1-- ,n[ = ! grebes l[]+ !mselves 9 wat]1 7:i* ,lucy said ,i 0 to tell y ab\t74 ,! way 9 :i* !y manage x1 ,i believe to be ?is4 ,mo/ birds h "u _! sk9s great air-passages :i* op5 into ! lungs1 & :i*1 :5 ! bird is mov+ quickly1 & consequ5tly dev\r+ a great deal ( air1 d1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! "w ( supplem5t>y lungs4 ,!y also less5 ! bird's specific gravity1 :i* mu/ be ( "s help 9 fly+4 ,& 9 ! gannet1 :i* drops into ! sea f a great height aft] fi%1 ^! air-bags less5 ! %ock on /rik+ ! wat]4 ,n[ ! grebes 7& all div+-birds7 :i* c swim high up out ( wat] :5 ! air-cu%ions are full1 & s feel v little ! cold ( ! wat] b5ea? !m1 brea! out all sp>e air1 & s9k almo/ out ( sight :5 !y wi% to be less conspicu\s2--j z a balloon s9ks :5 "p ( ! gas is let out4 ,& ,i h (t5 wat*$ ! common div]s & cormorants too1 :5 fright5$1 swimm+ ab\t ) only head & neck out ( wat]1 & s look+ m l snakes ?an birds4 ,!n ab\t ! ,dipp]s3 !y 'fly' to ! bottom ( a /ream1 us+ _! w+s1 j z !y w\ld fly up into ! air2 & !re is ! same difficulty 9 fly+ to ! bottom ( ! /ream1 & keep+ !re1 z !re w\ld be 9 fly+ up into ! air1 & keep+ !re1--p]haps great] difficulty4 ,!y c nev] walk com=tably along ! bottom ( a riv]1 z !y c\ld on ! bank1 ?\gh ,i "k !y are (t5 talk$ ( z do+ x4 ,!y too1 no d\bt1 empty _! air-bags1 to make go+ "u wat] a little less difficult4 #aee4 ,?is mo/ valuable lett]1 = once1 leaves me a m9ute or two1 dispos$ to ask a "q :i* w\ld ne$ ! sk9n+ ( a bird 9 a diagram to answ]--ab\t ! air-passages1 :i* are a k9d ( supplem5t>y lungs4 ,?9k+ bett] ( x1 & leav+ ! bird to brea! 9 its own way1 ,i d wi% we c\ld get ?is ,dipp] "q settl$1--= "h we are all at sea--or at lea/ at brook1 aga91 ab\t x3 & al?\gh 9 a book ,i ought to h exam9$ be=e--,mr4 ,rob]t ,gray's ',birds ( ! ,we/ ( ,scotl&1' :i* conta9s a quantity ( useful & amus+ ?+s1 & "s plates rem>kable = ! delicate & spirit$ action ( birds 9 gr\ps1--al?\gh1 ,i say1 ?is unusually well-ga!r$ & well-writt5 book has a nice little li?ograph ( two dipp]s1 & says !y are q univ]sally di/ribut$ 9 ,scotl&1 & call$ ',wat] ,cr[s1' & 9 ,gaelic ',gobha dubh nan allt1' 7:i* ,i'm sure mu/ mean some?+ nice1 if "o knew :at17 & ?\gh x has a lively acc\nt ( ! bird's ways out ( ! wat]--says n a ^w ( its ways 9 x6 except t dipp]s ev]y:]e delight 9 deep l9ns & brawl+ rapids1 :]e _! int]e/+ motions nev] fail to attract ! angl] & bird-/ud5t2 & ?is ( _! voices3 ,9 e>ly spr+1 ! male birds may be se5 p]*$ on "s moss-cov]$ /one1 trill+ _! f9e cle> notes2 & aga93 ,i h /ood )9 a few y>ds ( "o at ! close ( a blu/]+ w9t]'s day1 & enjoy$ its *>m+ music unobs]v$4 ,! p]=m] 0 sitt+ on a /ake jutt+ f a mill-pond 9 ! mid/ ( a cold & *e]less ,=f>%ire moor1 yet he joy\sly w>bl$ 8 ev5+ hymn ) a fullness :i* made me =get ! surr\nd+ /]ility4 ,=get x n1 ?\1 good read]2 b r rememb] x 9 y\r own hymns1 & y\r own pray]s1 t /ill--9 ,bonnie ,scotl&1 & ,old ,engl&--! voices1 almo/ lo/1 ( ,brook1 & ,breeze1 & ,bird1 may1 by ,love's help1 be yet to _! lov]s audible4 ,a9si soit il4 ,,brantwood1 #h? ,july1 #ahha4