,,! ,,causes ,,( ,,! ,,corruption ,,( ,,! ,,traditional ,,text ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,gospels ,,be+ ,,! ,,sequel ,,to ,,! ,,traditional ,,text ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,gospels ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,john ,,william ,,burgon1 ,b4 ,d4 ,,dean ,,( ,,*i*e/] ,,arrang$1 ,,complet$1 ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,,edw>d ,,mill]1 ,m4 ,a4 ,,wykehamical ,,preb5d>y ,,( ,,*i*e/] ,,london ,,george ,,bell ,,& ,,sons ,,cambridge3 ,,deighton1 ,,bell ,,& ,,co4 #ahif4 ',t5et ecclesia no/ra1 t5uitque semp] firmam illam et immotam ,t]tulliani regulam ,id v]ius quod prius1 id prius quod ab initio4 ,quo propius ad v]itatis fontem acc$imus1 eo purior decurrit ,ca?olicae doctr9ae rivus4' ,cave's ,proleg4 p4 xliv4 ',int]rogate de semitis antiquis quae sit via bona1 et ambulate 9 ea4'--,j]em4 vi4 #af4 ',9 summa1 si con/at id v]ius quod prius1 id prius quod ab initio1 id ab initio quod ab ,apo/olis2 p>it] utique con/abit1 id esse ab ,apo/olis traditum1 quod apud ,ecclesias ,apo/olorum fu]it sacrosanctum4'--,t]tull4 adv4 ,m>c4 l4 iv4 c4 #e4 ,,preface ,! reception giv5 by ! le>n$ _w to ! ,fir/ ,volume ( ?is "w1 z express$ hi!rto 9 small] reviews & notices1 has on ! :ole be5 decid$ly f> f disc\rag+4 ,all h _h "s ^w ( encomium on our ef=ts4 ,_m h accord$ praise & signifi$ _! agreem5t1 sometimes ) unque/ionable ability4 ,"s h pron\nc$ adv]se op9ions ) consid]able c&\r & c\rtesy4 ,o!rs 9 oppos+ h employ$ argum5ts s weak & ev5 irrelevant to ! real "q at issue1 z to sugge/ t !re is n aft] all s mu* z ,i anticipat$ to advance aga9/ our case4 ,long] exam9ations ( ?is important matt] are d\btless imp5d+1 ) all ! int]e/ atta*+ to !m & ! judgem5ts involv$3 b ,i beg n[ to (f] my ackn[l$gem5ts = all ! words ( enc\ragem5t t h be5 utt]$4 ,some?+ h[ev] mu/ be said 9 reply to an attack made 9 ! ,gu>dian newspap] on ,may #bj1 because x repres5ts 9 ! ma9 ! position occupi$ by "s memb]s ( an exi/+ ,s*ool4 ,i d n l+] ov] an (fh& /ricture ^u my 'adhesion to ! extravagant claim ( a second-c5tury orig9 = ! ,pe%itto1' because ,i am cont5t ) ! companion%ip ( "s ( ! v fir/ ,syriac s*ol>s1 & ) ! tea*+ giv5 9 an unansw]$ article 9 ! ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly ,review = ,april1 #ahie4 ,nor except 9 pass+ d ,i rem>k ^u a fanciful c5sure ( my acc\nt ( ! use ( papyrus 9 ,,mss4 be=e ! t5? c5tury--z to :i* ! review] is evid5tly n v]s$ 9 in=mation rec5tly collect$1 & describ$ = example 9 ,sir ,e4 ,maunde ,?ompson's ,greek & ,lat9 ,palaeography1 or 9 ,mr4 ,f4 ,g4 ,k5yon's ,our ,bible & ! ,anci5t ,manuscripts1 & 9 an article 9 ! j m5tion$ ,review :i* appe>$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahid4 ,^! obs]vations & a l>ge numb] ( inaccuracies %ew t he 0 at ! lea/ n po/$ up to date4 ,b :at w be ?\ght1 :5 att5tion is drawn to ! fact t 9 a "q :e!r a s+ul> set ( quotations f ! e>ly ,fa!rs ref] to a passage 9 ,/4 ,mat!w or ! p>allel "o 9 ,/4 ,luke1 ! peculi> *>act]i/ic ( ,/4 ,mat!w--'!m t p]secute y'--is put out ( sight1 & bo? passages 7tak+ ! l5g!n$ read+ ( ,/4 ,mat!w7 are repres5t$ z hav+ equally only f\r clauses8 ,& aga91 :5 quotations go+ on to ! succe$+ v]se 9 ,/4 ,mat!w 7v4 #de7 are /at$ dogmatically to h be5 wrongly ref]r$ by me to t ,evangeli/8 ,b z to ! details ( ?is po9t 9 dispute1 ,i beg to ref] our read]s to pp4 #add-aec ( ! pres5t volume4 ,! review] appe>s also to be entirely unacqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! phrase ,greek3 monog5s ,!os 9 ,/4 ,john i4 #ah1 :i*1 z may be read on pp4 #bae-bah1 0 introduc$ by h]etics & h>moniz$ ) ,arian t5ets1 & 0 reject$ on ! o!r side4 ,t "s or?odox *ur*m5 fell into ! trap1 & l ^? :o 9 ^! days are n aw>e ( ! p$igree & use ( ! phrase1 employ$ x ev5 = good purposes1 is only an in/ance ( a /range ph5om5on4 ,we mu/ n be l$ only by fir/ impressions z to :at is to be tak5 = ! g5u9e words ( ! ,gospels4 ,ev5 if phrases or passages make = or?odoxy1 to accept !m if condemn$ by evid5ce & hi/ory is to alight ^u ! quicks&s ( conjecture4 ,a curi\s in/ance ( a fate l ?is has be5 suppli$ by a critic 9 ! ,a!naeum1 :o1 :5 contra/+ ,dean ,burgon's /yle ( writ+ ) m9e to my discr$it1 quotes a passage ( "s l5g? z ! ,dean's :i* 0 really writt5 by me4 ,surely ! pr9ciple upheld by our oppon5ts1 t mu* m importance ?an we all[ %\ld be attribut$ to ! ',int]nal evid5ce ( ,read+s & ,docum5ts1' might h sav$ him f error ^u a piece ( composition :i* *>act]i/ically proclaim$ its own orig94 ,at all ev5ts1 aft] ?is undesign$ support1 ,i am ! less incl9$ to retire f our vantage gr\nd4 ,b x is gratify+ on all acc\nts to say n[1 t su* int]polations z 9 ! companion volume ,i 0 oblig$ frequ5tly to supply 9 ord] to fill up gaps 9 ! sev]al ,,mss4 & 9 integral portions ( ! treatise1 :i* ?r\gh _! v frequ5cy w\ld h !re made squ>e brackets unpleasant to our read]s1 are n requir$ s (t5 9 ?is "p ( ! "w4 ,accord+ly1 except 9 in/ances ( pure edit+ or 9 simple br++ up to date1 my own additions or ins]tions h be5 s m>k$ (f4 ,x w d\btless af=d great satisfaction to o!rs z well z ! admir]s ( ! ,dean to "k :at 0 really 8 own writ+3 & ?\gh "s ( ! ,,mss41 especially t[>ds ! end ( ! volume1 7 n left z he w\ld h prep>$ !m = ! press if 8 life _h be5 prolong$1 yet mu* ( ! book w af=d1 on :at he reg>d$ z ! *ief /udy ( 8 life1 excell5t examples ( 8 /yle1 s vigor\sly fre% & s happy 9 idiomatic & lucid expression4 ,b ! ,introduction1 & ,app5dix ,,ii on ',conflation' & ! ',neutral ,text1' h be5 necess>ily contribut$ by me4 ,i am anxi\s to invite att5tion p>ticul>ly to ! latt] essay1 because x has be5 compos$ ^u reque/1 & also because--unless x conta9s "s extraord9>y mi/ake--x exhibits to a degree :i* has amaz$ me ! baselessness ( ,dr4 ,hort's !ory4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! ,dean prep>$ piecemeal = 8 book1 & ! l>ge numb] ( fragm5ts 9 :i* he left 8 mat]ials1 z has be5 detail$ 9 ! ,preface to ! =m] volume1 h necess>ily produc$ an am\nt ( repetition :i* ,i deplore4 ,to h avoid$ x entirely1 "s ( ! ,,mss4 mu/ h be5 rewritt54 ,b 9 "o in/ance ,i discov]$ :5 x 0 too late t aft] se>*+ =1 & f9d+ ) difficulty & treat+1 an example :i* _h n be5 suppli$1 ,i _h =e/all$ a subsequ5t exam9ation ( ! same passage f 8 abl] h&4 ,h[ev] ,i hope t 9 ne>ly all1 if n all cases1 ea* treatm5t involves "s new contribution to ! "q discuss$2 & t our read]s w k9dly make all[ance = ! p]plexity :i* su* an assemblage ( sep>ate pap]s c\ld n b entail4 ,my ?anks are aga9 due to ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,gwilliam1 ,b4,d41 ,fell[ ( ,h]t=d ,college1 = mu* advice & sugge/ion1 :i* he is s capable ( giv+1 & = 8 valuable c>e 9 look+ ?r\gh all ! fir/ pro(s ( ?is volume2 to ',m4 ,w41' ,dean ,burgon's indefatigable secret>y1 :o 9 a pure lab\r ( love copi$ out ! text ( ! ,,mss4 be=e & aft] 8 dea?2 also to ! zeal\s pr9t]s at ! ,cl>5don ,press1 = help 9 unravell+ intricacies /ill rema9+ 9 !m4 ,?is treatise is n[ comm5d$ to ! fair & c&id consid]ation ( read]s & review]s4 ,! latt] body ( m5 %\ld rememb] t !re 0 p]haps nev] a "t :5 review]s 7 !mselves review$ by _m intellig5t read]s m ?an !y are at pres5t4 ,i _c hope t all t we h advanc$ w be f9ally adopt$1 ?\gh my op9ion is unfalt]+ z re/+ 9 my belief ^u ! ,rock2 /ill less d ,i imag9e t errors may n be discov]$ 9 our "w4 ,b ,i tru/ t "u ,div9e ,bless+ "s n unimportant contribution has be5 made t[>ds ! e/abli%m5t ^u s\nd pr9ciples ( ! rev]5t criticism ( ! ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,& ,i am sure t1 z to ! ,dean's "p 9 x1 ?is tru/ w be ultimately ju/ifi$4 ,,edw>d ,,mill]4 #i ,bradmore ,road1 ,ox=d3 ,sept4 #b1 #ahif4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction4 ,! ,traditional ,text--e/abli%$ by evid5ce--especially be=e ,/4 ,*ryso/om--corruption--e>ly rise ( x--,galilee ( ! ,g5tiles--,syrio-,l[-,lat9 s\rce--v>i\s causes & =ms ( corruption4 pp4 #a-i ,,*apt] ,i4 ,g5]al ,corruption4 #a4 ,mod]n re-edit+--diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,new ,te/am5t & o!r books--imm5se numb] ( copies--ord9>y causes ( error--,doctr9al causes4 #b4 ,elim9ation ( weakly atte/$ read+s--nature ( inquiry4 #c4 ,small] blemi%es 9 ,,mss4 unimportant except :5 con/ant4 #d4 ,mo/ mi/akes arose f inadv]t5cy3 _m f un=tunate design4 pp4 #aj-bc ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,accid5tal ,causes ( ,corruption4 ,i4 ,pure ,accid5t4 #a4 ,/4 ,john x4 #bi4 #b4 ,small] in/ances1 & ,acts xx4 #bd4 #c4 ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ad4 #d4 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #f2 vii4 #d2 vi4 #bb4 #e4 ,/4 ,m>k viii4 #a2 vii4 #ad--,/4 ,john xiii4 #cg4 pp4 #bd-ce ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,accid5tal ,causes ( ,corruption4 ,,ii4 ,homoeoteleuton4 ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ae--,/4 ,john vi4 #aa2 vi4 #ee--,/4 ,matt4 xxiii4 #ad2 xix4 #i--,/4 ,luke xvi4 #ba4 pp4 #cf-da ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,accid5tal ,causes ( ,corruption4 ,,iii4 ,f ,writ+ 9 ,uncials4 #a4 ,/4 ,john iv4 #ce-cf4 #b4 ,/4 ,luke xv4 #ag--,/4 ,john v4 #dd4 #c4 ,acts xxvii4 #ad--,/4 ,john iv4 #ae--,/4 ,luke xvii4 #cg--,/4 ,matt4 xxii4 #bc--;& o!r passages4 #d4 ,/4 ,john v4 #d--,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #aa--,/4 ,matt4 iv4 #bc4 #e4 #b ,/4 ,pet] i4 #ca--;,heb4 vii4 #a4 #f4 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ag4 pp4 #db-ee ,,*apt] ,v4 ,accid5tal ,causes ( ,corruption4 ,,iv4 ,itacism4 #a4 ,v>i\s passages--,/4 ,john xii4 #a1 #b2 #da4 #b4 ,rev4 i4 #e--,o!r passages--,/4 ,m>k vii4 #ai4 #c4 ,/4 ,m>k iv4 #h4 #d4 ,titus ii4 #e4 pp4 #ef-ff ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,accid5tal ,causes ( ,corruption4 ,v4 ,liturgical ,influ5ce4 #a4 ,lection>ies ( ! ,*ur*--,liturgical influ5ce--,antiquity ( ! ,lection>y ,sy/em4 #b4 ,/4 ,john xiv4 #a--;,acts iii4 #a--,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k4 #c4 ,/4 ,luke vii4 #ca2 ix4 #a--,o!r passages4 #d4 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #bh4 #e4 ,acts iii4 #a--,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #dd2 xvii4 #bc4 #f4 ,/4 ,matt vi4 #ac 7doxology 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]74 pp4 #fg-hh ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,causes ( ,corruption ,*iefly ,int5tional4 ,i4 ,h>moni/ic ,influ5ce4 #a4 ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #i4 #b4 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #a--o!r examples4 #c4 ,*iefly int5tional--,diatess>ons--,/4 ,matt4 xvii4 #be1 #bf--;,h>moniz$ n>ratives--,o!r examples4 pp4 #hi-ii ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,causes ( ,corruption ,*iefly ,int5tional4 ,,ii4 ,assimilation4 #a4 ,transf] f "o ,gospel to ano!r4 #b4 ,n entirely int5tional--,v>i\s passages4 #c4 ,/4 ,john xvi4 #af4 #d4 ,/4 ,john xiii4 #ba-be4 #e4 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #a1 #b--,o!r examples--,/4 ,matt4 xii4 #aj 7,/4 ,luke xiv4 #c7--;& o!rs4 #f4 ,/4 ,m>k vi4 #aa4 #g4 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #gj4 pp4 #ajj-abb ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,causes ( ,corruption ,*iefly ,int5tional4 ,,iii4 ,attraction4 #a4 ,/4 ,john vi4 #ga & xiii4 #bf4 #b4 ,acts xx4 #bd--b ,cor4 iii4 #c4 pp4 #abc-abg ,,*apt] ,x4 ,causes ( ,corruption ,*iefly ,int5tional4 ,,iv4 ,omission4 #a4 ,omissions a class ( _! own--,exemplifi$ f ! ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k--,omission ! besett+ fault ( transcrib]s4 #b4 ,! onus prob&i re/s ^u omitt]s4 #c4 ,/ ,luke vi4 #a2 & o!r omissions4 #d4 ,/4 ,matt4 xxi4 #dd4 #e4 ,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #h4 #f4 ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dd--,reply to ! ,review] 9 ! ,gu>dian4 #g4 ,%ort] ,omissions4 pp4 #abh-aef ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,causes ( ,corruption ,*iefly ,int5tional4 ,v4 ,transposition4 #a4 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #e2 ii4 #c--,o!r in/ances4 #b4 ,/4 ,luke xiii4 #i2 xxiv4 #g4 #c4 ,o!r examples--,/4 ,john v4 #bg--,transpositions (t5 petty1 b frequ5t4 ,,vi4 ,sub/itution4 #d4 ,if tak5 ) ,modifications1 a l>ge class--,v>i\s in/ances4 pp4 #afd-afe ,,vii4 ,addition4 #e4 ,! smalle/ ( ! f\r--,/4 ,luke vi4 #d--,/4 ,matt4 xx4 #bh4 #f4 ,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #ac2 xxiv4 #cf--,/4 ,m>k iii4 #af--,o!r examples4 pp4 #aff-aga ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,causes ( ,corruption ,*iefly ,int5tional4 ,,viii4 ,glosses4 #a4 ,n s num]\s z has be5 suppos$--,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #cf--,/4 ,m>k vii4 #c4 #b4 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bc4 #c4 ,/4 ,john vi4 #ae2 xiii4 #bd2 xx4 #ah--,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #ca4 #d4 ,/4 ,john xviii4 #ad--,/4 ,m>k vi4 #aa4 #e4 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #da--,/4 ,john ix4 #bb4 #f4 ,/4 ,john xii4 #g4 #g4 ,/4 ,john xvii4 #d4 #h4 ,/4 ,luke i4 #ff4 #i4 ,/4 ,luke v4 #g--;,acts xx4 #d4 pp4 #agb-aij ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,causes ( ,corruption ,*iefly ,int5tional4 ,,ix4 ,corruption by ,h]etics4 #a4 ,?is class v evid5t--,began 9 ! e>lie/ times--,appeal to :at is e>li] /ill--,condemn$ 9 all ages & c\ntries4 #b4 ,! e>lie/ deprav]s ( ! ,text--,tatian's ,diatess>on4 #c4 ,gno/ics--,/4 ,john i4 #c-d4 #d4 ,/4 ,john x4 #ad1 #ae4 #e4 ,doctr9al--,matrimony--,/4 ,matt i4 #ai4 pp4 #aia-baj ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,causes ( ,corruption ,*iefly ,int5tional4 ,x4 ,corruption by ! ,or?odox4 #a4 ,/4 ,luke xix4 #da2 ii4 #dj4 #b4 ,/4 ,john viii4 #dj2 & i4 #ah4 #c4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #dg4 #d4 ,/4 ,john iii4 #ac4 #e4 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #ed-ef4 pp4 #baa-bca ,,app5dix ,i4 ,p]icope de ,adult]a4 pp4 #bcc-bfe ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,dr4 ,hort's ,!ory ( ,conflation & ! ,neutral ,text4 pp4 #bff-bhf ,index ( ,subjects4 pp4 #bhg-bhh ,index ( ,passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,discuss$4 pp4 #bhi-bij ,,! ,,causes ,,( ,,! ,,corruption ,,( ,,! ,,traditional ,,text ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,gospels4 ,,introduction4 ,9 ! companion volume to ?is1 ! ,traditional ,text1 t is1 ! ,text ( ! ,gospels :i* is ! resultant ( all ! evid5ce fai?fully & exhau/ively pres5t$ & e/imat$ accord+ to ! be/ proc$ure ( ! c\rts ( law1 has be5 trac$ back to ! e>lie/ ages 9 ! exi/5ce ( ^? sacr$ writ+s4 ,we h %ewn1 t on ! "o h&1 amid/ ! unprec$5t$ advantages af=d$ by mod]n conditions ( life = collect+ all ! evid5ce be>+ ^u ! subject1 ! ,traditional ,text mu/ be f\nd1 n 9 a m]e transcript1 b 9 a labori\s revision ( ! ,receiv$ ,text2 & t on ! o!r h& x mu/1 z f> z we c judge1 diff] b slightly f ! ,text n[ g5]ally 9 vogue1 :i* has be5 g5]ally receiv$ dur+ ! la/ two & a half c5turies4 ,! /r5g? ( ! position ( ! ,traditional ,text lies 9 its be+ logically d$ucible & to be d$uc$ f all ! v>i$ evid5ce :i* ! case supplies1 :5 x has be5 sift$1 prov$1 pass$1 weigh$1 comp>$1 comp\nd$1 & contra/$ ) diss5ti5t te/imony4 ,! contra/ is inde$ great 9 almo/ all in/ances ^u :i* controv]sy has ga!r$4 ,on "o side ! va/ mass ( au?orities is assembl$3 on ! o!r /&s a small gr\p4 ,n inconsid]able is ! advantage possess$ by t gr\p1 z reg>ds num]\s /ud5ts :o d n look b5ea? ! surface1 9 ! g5]al witness 9 _! fav\r borne by ! two olde/ ,,mss4 ( ! ,gospels 9 exi/5ce4 ,t advantage h[ev] %r9ks into no?+ "u ! light ( rigid exam9ation4 ,! claim = ! ,text 9 !m made at ! ,semi>ian p]iod 0 reject$ :5 ,semi>ianism 9 all its phases fell into p]man5t disfav\r4 ,& ! argum5t advanc$ by ,dr4 ,hort t ! ,traditional ,text 0 a new ,text =m$ by successive rec5sions has be5 refut$ ^u exam9ation ( ! v]dict ( ! ,fa!rs 9 ! fir/ f\r c5turies1 & ( ! e>ly ,syriac & ,lat9 ,v]sions4 ,besides all ?is1 ^? two manuscripts h be5 trac$ to a local s\rce 9 ! libr>y ( ,caes>ea4 ,& on ! o!r h& a ,ca?olic orig9 ( ! ,traditional ,text f\nd on lat] vellum manuscripts has be5 discov]$ 9 ! manuscripts ( papyrus :i* exi/$ all ov] ! ,roman ,empire1 unless x 0 9 ,asia1 & 7 to "s degree 9 use ev5 z late z ! n9? c5tury2 be=e & dur+ ! employm5t ( vellum 9 ! ,caes>ean s*ool1 & 9 localities :]e x 0 us$ 9 imitation ( ! mode ( writ+ books :i* 0 br\ght well-nigh to p]fection 9 t city4 ,x is evid5t t ! turn+-po9t ( ! controv]sy betwe5 ourselves & ! ,neologian s*ool mu/ lie 9 ! c5turies be=e ,/4 ,*ryso/om4 ,if1 z ,dr4 ,hort ma9ta9s1 ! ,traditional ,text n only ga9$ supremacy at t era b did n exi/ 9 ! e>ly ages1 !n our cont5tion is va94 ,t ,text c be ,traditional only if x goes back )\t break or int]mission to ! orig9al autographs1 because if ?r\gh break or int]mission x ceas$ or fail$ to exi/1 x loses ! ess5tial feature ( g5u9e tradition4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x is prov$ to rea* back 9 unbrok5 l9e to ! "t ( ! ,evangeli/s1 or to a p]iod z ne> to !m z surviv+ te/imony c prove1 !n ,dr4 ,hort's !ory ( a ',syrian' text =m$ by rec5sion or o!rwise j z evid5tly falls to ! gr\nd4 ,foll[+ ma9ly ^u ! l9es drawn by ,dean ,burgon1 ?\gh 9 a div]g5ce ( my own devis+1 ,i claim to h prov$ ,dr4 ,hort to h be5 conspicu\sly wrong1 & our ma9t5ance ( ! ,traditional ,text 9 unbrok5 succession to be em95tly "r4 ,! s*ool oppos$ to u mu/ disprove our argum5ts1 n by discr$it+ ! te/imony ( ! ,fa!rs to :om all ,textual ,critics h appeal$ includ+ ,dr4 ,hort1 b by demon/rat+ if !y c t ! ,traditional ,text is n recogniz$ by !m1 or !y mu/ yield ev5tually to u#a4 ,9 ?is volume1 ! o!r half ( ! subject w be discuss$4 ,in/ead ( explor+ ! g5u9e ,text1 we %all treat ( ! corruptions ( x1 & %all track error 9 its t5 ?\s& =ms to a few s\rces or heads4 ,! orig9ation ( ! pure ,text 9 ! inspir$ writ+s ( ! ,evangeli/s w ?us be v9dicat$ anew by ! evid5t pat]nity ( deflections f x discov]able 9 ! natural defects or iniquities ( m54 ,corruption w ! m %ew itself 9 true col\rs3-- ,qu9quag9ta atris immanis hiatibus hydra#b3 & x w n s readily be mi/ak5 = g5u95ess1 :5 ! real hi/ory is unfold$1 & ! mi/akes are acc\nt$ =4 ,x seems cle> t corruption arose 9 ! v e>lie/ age4 ,z soon z ! ,gospel 0 prea*$1 ! incapacity ( human nature = pres]v+ accuracy until long ye>s ( intimate acqua9tance h br$ famili>ity mu/ h ass]t$ itself 9 con/ant di/ortion m or less ( ! sacr$ /ories1 z !y 7 told & retold among/ ,*ri/ians "o to ano!r :e!r 9 writ+ or 9 oral transmission4 ,mi/akes w\ld inevitably arise f ! univ]sal t5d5cy to mix error ) tru? :i* ,virgil has s p[]fully depict$ 9 8 description ( ',fame'3-- ,tam ficti pravique t5ax1 quam nuntia v]i#c4 ,& z soon z inaccuracy _h done its baleful "w1 a _s ( infidelity & ( ho/ility ei!r to ! ess5tials or ! details ( ! new religion mu/ h impell$ su* z 7 ei!r imp]fect ,*ri/ians1 or no ,*ri/ians at all1 to corrupt ! sacr$ /ories4 ,?us x appe>s t errors crept 9 at ! v fir/ comm5cem5t ( ! life ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is a matt] s int]e/+ & s important 9 ! hi/ory ( corruption1 t ,i mu/ v5ture to place x aga9 be=e our read]s4 ,:y 0 ,galilee *os5 be=e ,judea & ,j]usalem z ! *ief sc5e ( our ,"l's ,life & ,m9i/ry1 at lea/ z reg>ds ! "t sp5t !re8 ,p>tly1 no d\bt1 because ! ,galileans 7 m likely ?an ! o!r inhabitants ( ,pale/9e to receive ,him4 ,b !re 0 z ,i v5ture to ?9k also ano!r v special reason4 ',galilee ( ! nations' or '! ,g5tiles1' n only _h a mix$ population#d & a prov9cial dialect#e1 b lay contigu\s to ! re/ ( ,pale/9e on ! "o side1 & on o!rs to two di/ricts 9 :i* ,greek 0 l>gely spok51 namely1 ,decapolis & ! p>ts ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 & also to ! l>ge c\ntry ( ,syria4 ,our ,"l laid f\ndations = a natural gr[? 9 ^! p>ts ( ! ,*ri/ian religion aft] ,8 dea? almo/ indep5d5t z x seems ( ! c5tre ( ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem4 ,h5ce ,8 cross+s ( ! lake1 ,8 miracles on ! o!r side1 ,8 retirem5t 9 t little und]/ood episode 9 ,8 life :5 ,he %rank f p]secution#f1 & rema9$ secretly 9 ! p>ts ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 ab\t ! coa/s ( ,decapolis1 on ! %ores ( ! lake1 & 9 ! t[ns ( ,caes>ea ,philippi1 :]e ! traces ( ,8 foot/eps are ev5 n[ indicat$ by tradition#g4 ,8 success among/ ^! outly+ populations is prov$ by ! unique assemblage ( ! cr[ds ( #ejjj & #djjj m5 besides wom5 & *ildr54 ,:at wond] !n if ! ,*ur* sprang up at ,damascus1 & sudd5ly z if )\t notice display$ su* /r5g? z to draw p]secution ^u x6 ,9 ! same way ! ,words ( life appe> to h pass$ ?r\gh\t ,syria ov] cong5ial soil1 & ,antio* became ! hav5 :5ce ! fir/ great mission>ies w5t out = ! conv]sion ( ! _w4 ,su* 7 n only ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,pet]1 & ,/4 ,b>nabas1 b also z is n unreasonable to inf] _m ( t assemblage ( ,*ri/ians at ,rome :om ,/4 ,paul enum]ates to our surprise 9 ! la/ *apt] ( 8 ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,_m no d\bt 7 fri5ds :om ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles _h met 9 ,greece & else:]e3 b !re are reasons to %ew t "s at lea/ ( !m1 su* z ,&ronicus & ,junias or ,junia#h & ,h]odion1 may probably h pass$ along ! /ream ( comm]ce t fl[$ betwe5 ,antio* & ,rome#i1 & t ?is int]connexion betwe5 ! que5 city ( ! empire & ! emporium ( ! ,ea/ may 9 great measure acc\nt = ! numb] ( names well kn[n to ! apo/le1 & = ! !n fl\ri%+ condition ( ! ,*ur* :i* !y adorn$4 ,x has be5 %ewn 9 our fir/ volume t1 z is well kn[n to all /ud5ts ( ,textual ,criticism1 ! *ief am\nt ( corruption is to be f\nd 9 :at is t]m$ ! ,we/]n ,text2 & t ! corruption ( ! ,we/ is s closely ak9 to ! corruption :i* is f\nd 9 ,syriac rema9s1 t practically !y are includ$ "u "o head ( classification4 ,:at is ! reason ( ?is ph5om5on8 ,x is evid5tly d]iv$ f ! close comm]cial alliance :i* subsi/$ betwe5 ,syria & ,italy4 ,t is to say1 ! corruption produc$ 9 ,syria made its way ov] into ,italy1 & !re 9 _m in/ances ga!r$ fre% contributions4 ,= !re is reason to suppose1 t x fir/ arose 9 ,syria4 ,we h se5 h[ ! ,*ur* grew ( itself !re )\t regul> tea*+ f ,j]usalem 9 ! fir/ beg9n+s1 or any regul> sup]vision ex]cis$ by ! ,apo/les4 ,9 fact1 z f> z ! ,syrian believ]s 9 ,*ri/ at fir/ consi/$ ( ,g5tiles1 !y mu/ p]=ce h be5 reg>d$ z be+ outside ( ! cov5ant ( promise4 ,yet !re mu/ h be5 _m :o rev]$ ! /ories told ab\t our ,"l1 & felt extreme int]e/ & delight 9 !m4 ,! /ory ( ,k+ ,abg> illu/rates ! hi/ory3 b among/ ^? :o actually he>d our ,"l prea* !re mu/ h be5 v _m1 probably a majority1 :o 7 un$ucat$4 ,!y w\ld easily le>n f ! ,jews1 because ! ,aramaic dialects spok5 by ,hebrews & ,syrians did n greatly diff] ! "o f ! o!r4 ,:at diff]5ce !re 01 w\ld n s mu* h9d] ! spread ( ! /ories1 z t5d to introduce ali5 =ms ( spee* & synonym\s words1 & s to h9d] absolute accuracy f be+ ma9ta9$4 ,mu* "t mu/ necess>ily h elaps$1 be=e su* famili>ity ) ! g5u9e acc\nts ( our ,"l's say+s & do+s grew up1 z w\ld prev5t mi/akes be+ made & dissem9at$ 9 tell+ or 9 writ+4 ,! ,gospels 7 c]ta9ly n writt5 till "s ?irty ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion4 ,m c>eful exam9ation seems to place !m lat] r ?an e>li]4 ,= myself1 ,i %\ld sugge/ t ! ?ree fir/ 7 n publi%$ long be=e ! ye> #gj ,a4,d4 at ! e>lie/2 & t ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel 0 writt5 at ,pella dur+ ! siege ( ,j]usalem amid/ ,greek surr\nd+s1 & 9 face ( ! necessity caus$ by new conditions ( life t ,greek %\ld become ! ecclesia/ical language4 ,! ,gospels w\ld ?us be ! au?oriz$ v]sions 9 _! entirety ( ! /ories con/itut+ ! ,life ( our ,"l2 & corruption mu/ h come into exi/5ce1 be=e ! antidote 0 f\nd 9 complete docum5ts accept$ & commission$ by ! au?orities 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,i mu/ aga9 rem>k ) mu* emphasis t ! =ego+ sugge/ions are (f]$ to acc\nt = :at may n[ be reg>d$ z a fact1 viz41 ! connexion betwe5 ! ,we/]n ,text1 z x is call$1 & ,syriac rema9s 9 reg>d to corruption 9 ! text ( ! ,gospels & ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,if t corruption arose at ! v fir/ spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 be=e ! record ( our ,"l's ,life _h assum$ p]man5t %ape 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 all is easy4 ,su* corruption1 inasmu* z x beset ! oral & writt5 /ories :i* 7 aft]w>ds incorporat$ 9 ! ,gospels1 w\ld creep into ! au?oriz$ n>rations1 & w\ld vitiate !m till x 0 ultimately ca/ out t[>ds ! end ( ! f\r? & 9 ! succe$+ c5turies4 ,/>t+ f ! v beg9n+1 & ga9+ additions 9 ! sev]al ways describ$ 9 ?is volume by ,dean ,burgon1 x w\ld possess su* vig\r z to impress itself on ,l[-,lat9 manuscripts & ev5 on p>ts ( ! bett] ,lat9 ones1 p]haps on ,tatian's ,diatess>on1 on ! ,curetonian & ,lewis manuscripts ( ! fif? c5tury1 on ! ,codex ,bezae ( ! six?2 also on ! ,vatican & ! ,s9aitic ( ! f\r?1 on ! ,dubl9 ,palimpse/ ( ,/4 ,mat!w ( ! six?1 on ! ,codex ,regius or ,l ( ! eigh?1 on ! ,/4 ,gall ,,ms4 ( ! n9? 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 on ! ,codex ,zacyn?ius ( ! eigh? 9 ,/4 ,luke1 & a few o!rs4 ,we on our side admit t ! corruption is old ev5 ?\gh ! manuscripts en%r9+ x d n date v f> back1 & _c always prove _! ance/ry4 ,& x is 9 ?is admission t ,i v5ture to ?9k !re is an op5+ = a meet+ ( op9ions :i* h be5 hi!rto oppos$4 ,9 ! foll[+ treatise1 ! causes ( corruption are divid$ into 7,i7 su* z proce$$ f ,accid5t1 & 7,,ii7 ^? :i* 7 ,int5tional4 ,"u ! =m] class we f9d 7#a7 ^? :i* 7 involv$ 9 pure ,accid5t1 or 7#b7 9 :at is t]m$ ,homoeoteleuton :]e l9es or s5t5ces end$ ) ! same ^w or ! same syllable1 or 7#c7 su* z arose 9 writ+ f ,uncial lett]s1 or 7#d7 9 ! confusion ( v[els & diph?ongs :i* is call$ ,itacism1 or 7#e7 9 ,liturgical ,influ5ce4 ,! rema9+ in/ances may be conv5i5tly class$ z ,int5tional1 n because 9 all cases !re 0 a settl$ det]m9ation to alt] ! text1 = su* if any 0 (t5 ( ! fa9te/ "*1 b because "s sort ( design 0 to a great] or less degree emb$d$ 9 mo/ ( !m4 ,su* causes 7 7#a7 ,h>moni/ic ,influ5ce1 7#b7 ,assimilation1 7#c7 ,attraction2 su* in/ances too 9 _! ma9 "* 7 7#d7 ,omissions1 7#e7 ,transpositions1 7#f7 ,sub/itutions1 7#g7 ,additions1 7#h7 ,glosses1 7#i7 ,corruption by ,h]etics1 7#aj7 ,corruption by ,or?odox4 ,?is dissection ( ! mass ( corruption1 or z p]haps x may be bett] t]m$1 ?is classification made by ,dean ,burgon ( ! num]\s causes :i* are f\nd to h be5 at "w f "t to "t1 appe>s to me to be mo/ int]e/+ to ! inquir] into ! hidd5 hi/ory ( ! ,text ( ! ,gospels1 because by reveal+ ! influ5ces :i* h be5 at "w x %$s light ^u ! entire controv]sy1 & (t5 enables ! /ud5t to see cle>ly h[ & :y c]ta9 passages ar\nd :i* dispute has ga!r$ are really corrupt4 ,inde$1 ! va/ & my/]i\s ogre call$ corruption assumes %ape & =m "u ! acute p5etration & ! deft h&l+ ( ! ,dean1 ^: great k ( ! subject & ord]ly treatm5t ( puzzl+ details is /ill m comm5d$ by 8 int]e/+ /yle ( writ+4 ,z f> z has be5 possible1 ,i h let him 9 ! sequel1 except = su* cl]ical corrections z 7 requir$ f "t to "t & h be5 mu* few] ?an 8 facile p5 w\ld h made1 speak entirely = himself4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,x mu/ be always borne 9 m9d1 t x is n en\gh = ! purpose ( ! o!r side to %ew t ! ,traditional ,text 0 9 a m9ority z reg>ds atte/ation4 ,!y mu/ prove t x 0 n[h]e 9 ! e>lie/ ages1 if !y are to e/abli% _! position t x 0 made 9 ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies4 ,traditional ,text ( ! ,holy ,gospels1 p4 #ie4 #b ',a hydra 9 h] direful %ape1 ,) fifty d>kl+ ?roats agape4'-- ,alt]$ f ,con+ton's v]sion1 ,a54 vi4 #egf4 #c ',h[ (t soe'er ! tru? %e tell1 ,:at's false & wrong %e loves too well4'-- ,alt]$ f ,con+ton1 ,a54 iv4 #ahh4 #d ,/rabo1 xvi1 enum]ates among/ its inhabitants ,egyptians1 ,arabians1 & ,pho5icians4 #e ,/udia ,biblica1 i4 #ej-ee4 ,dr4 ,neubau]1 ,on ! ,dialects spok5 9 ,pale/9e 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/4 #f ,isaac ,williams1 ,on ! ,/udy ( ! ,gospels1 #cda-ceb4 #g ,my devot$ ,syrian fri5d1 ,miss ,helanie ,b>oody1 told me dur+ h] /ay 9 ,engl& t a village is po9t$ out z hav+ be5 trav]s$ by our ,"l on ,8 way f ,caes>ea ,philippi to ,m\nt ,h]mon4 #h ,x is h>dly improbable t ^! two em95t ,*ri/ians 7 "s ( ^? :om ,/ ,paul f\nd at ,antio* :5 ,/4 ,b>nabas br\ght him !re1 & ?us came to "k intimately z fell[-work]s 7,greek3 epismoi en tois apo/olois1 oi kai pro em\ gegonas9 en ,*ri/74 ,mo/ ( ! names 9 ,rom4 xvi are ei!r ,greek or ,hebrew4 #i ',jam pridem ,syrus 9 ,tib]im defluxit ,orontes ,et l+uam et mores 444 vexit4' --,juv4 ,sat4 iii4 #fb-c4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,corruption4 #a4 ,we he> sometimes s*ol>s compla91 & ) a c]ta9 %[ ( reason1 t x is discr$itable to u z a ,*ur* n to h long s9ce put =? by au?ority a revis$ ,greek ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! *ief writ]s ( antiquity1 say !y1 h be5 ( late ye>s re-edit$ by ! aid ( ! be/ ,manuscripts4 ,:y %\ld n ! ,scriptures enjoy ! same advantage8 ,m5 :o s speak evid5tly misund]/& ! "q4 ,!y assume t ! case ( ! ,scriptures & t ( o!r anci5t writ+s are simil>4 ,su* remon/rances are commonly foll[$ up by /atem5ts l ! foll[+3--,t ! receiv$ ,text is t ( ,erasmus3--t x 0 con/ruct$ 9 ha/e1 & )\t skill3--t x is bas$ on a v few1 & ^? bad ,manuscripts3--t x belongs to an age :5 sc>cely any ( our pres5t critical helps 7 available1 & :5 ! ,sci5ce ( ,textual ,criticism 0 unkn[n4 ,to li/5 to ^! advocates = ,revision1 y w\ld almo/ suppose t x f>$ ) ! ,gospel at ?is in/ant z x _h f>$ ) ! orig9al ,copy ( ! ,law = _m ye>s until ! days ( ,k+ ,josiah#aj4 ,yield+ to no "o 9 my desire to see ! ,greek ( ! ,new ,te/am5t judici\sly revis$1 ,i freely av[ t rec5t ev5ts h conv9c$ me1 & ,i suppose !y h conv9c$ ! public also1 t we h n among u ! m5 to conduct su* an und]tak+4 ,bett] a ?\s& times 9 my judgem5t to leave ?+s z !y are1 ?an to risk hav+ ! /amp ( au?ority set ^u su* an un=tunate production z t :i* appe>$ on ! #ag? ,may1 #ahha1 & :i* claims at ?is in/ant to repres5t ! comb9$ le>n+ ( ! ,*ur*1 ! *ief ,sects1 & ! ,soc9ian#aa body4 ,n[ if ! mean+ ( ^? :o desire to see ! commonly receiv$ text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t made absolutely faultless1 7 some?+ ( ?is k9d3--,t !y are impati5t = ! collation ( ! copies :i* h become kn[n to u )9 ! la/ two c5turies1 & :i* am\nt already 9 all to upw>ds ( ?ree ?\s&3 t !y are b5t on procur+ t ! anci5t ,v]sions %all be re-edit$2--& w\ld hail ) delight ! ann\ncem5t t a b& ( s*ol>s _h comb9$ to index e place ( ,scripture quot$ by any ( ! ,fa!rs3--if ?is 7 meant1 we %\ld all be entirely at "o2 especially if we c\ld fur!r ga!r f ! programme t a fix$ int5tion 0 *]i%$ ( abid+ by ! result ( su* an appeal to anci5t evid5ce4 ,b un=tunately some?+ entirely diff]5t is 9 contemplation4 ,n[ ,i am b5t on call+ att5tion to c]ta9 features ( ! problem :i* h v g5]ally escap$ att5tion4 ,x does n seem to be und]/ood t ! ,scriptures ( ! ,new ,te/am5t /& on an entirely diff]5t foot+ f e o!r anci5t writ+ :i* c be nam$4 ,a few pla9 rem>ks ought to br+ ?is fact1 = a fact x is1 home to e ?\ghtful p]son4 ,& ! result w be t m5 w approa* ! subject ) m caution1--) d\bts & misgiv+s1--) a fix$ det]m9ation to be on _! gu>d aga9/ any =m ( plausible influ5ce4 ,_! prejudices !y w scatt] to ! w9ds4 ,at e /ep !y w insi/ on pro(4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 let x be obs]v$ t ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures are :olly )\t a p>allel 9 respect ( _! hav+ be5 s frequ5tly multipli$ f ! v fir/4 ,!y are by consequ5ce conta9$ at ?is day 9 an extravagantly l>ge numb] ( copies probably1 if reckon$ "u ! six classes ( ,gospels1 ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ,apocalypse1 ,evangeli/>ies1 & ,apo/olos1 exce$+ ! numb] ( f\r ?\s&4 ,!re is no?+ l ?is1 or at all approa*+ to x1 9 ! case ( any pr(ane writ+ t c be nam$#ab4 ,& ! v necessity = multiply+ copies1--a necessity :i* has made itself felt 9 e age & 9 e clime1--has p]=ce result$ 9 an imm5se numb] ( v>iants4 ,words h be5 inevitably dropp$1--v[els h be5 inadv]t5tly conf\nd$ by copyi/s m or less compet5t3--& ! mean+ ( ,scripture 9 c\ntless places has suff]$ to a surpris+ degree 9 consequ5ce4 ,?is fir/4 ,b !n fur!r1 ! ,scriptures = ! v reason because !y 7 kn[n to be ! ,^w ( ,god became a m>k = ! %afts ( ,satan f ! beg9n+4 ,!y 7 by consequ5ce z eag]ly solicit$ by h]etical tea*]s on ! "o h&1 z !y 7 hotly def5d$ by ! or?odox on ! o!r4 ,alike f fri5ds & f foes !re=e1 !y are kn[n to h exp]i5c$ injury1 & t 9 ! e>lie/ age ( all4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d c be pr$icat$ ( any o!r anci5t writ+s4 ,?is consid]ation alone %\ld sugge/ a sev]e ex]cise ( judicial imp>tiality1 9 ! h&l+ ( anci5t evid5ce ( :atev] sort4 ,= ,i reque/ x may be obs]v$ t ,i h n said--& ,i c]ta9ly d n mean--t ! ,scriptures !mselves h be5 p]man5tly corrupt$ ei!r by fri5d or foe4 ,error 0 fitful & unc]ta91 & 0 contradict$ by o!r error3 besides t x sank ev5tually be=e a manifold witness to ! tru?4 ,nev]!less1 c]ta9 manuscripts belong+ to a few small gr\ps--p>ticul> copies ( a ,v]sion--individual ,fa!rs or ,doctors ( ! ,*ur*1--^! d1 to ! pres5t h\r1 be> traces inconte/ably ( anci5t mis*ief4 ,b :at goes be=e is n ne>ly all4 ,! f\rfold /ructure ( ! ,gospel has l5t itself to a c]ta9 k9d ( lic5ti\s h&l+--( :i* 9 o!r anci5t writ+s we h no exp]i5ce4 ,"o critical own] ( a ,codex consid]$ himself at lib]ty to assimilate ! n>ratives3 ano!r to correct !m 9 ord] to br+ !m into 7:at seem$ to himself7 great] h>mony4 ,brevity is f\nd to h be5 a p>am\nt object ) "s1 & ,transposition to h am\nt$ to a passion ) o!rs4 ,conjectural ,criticism 0 evid5tly practis$ l>gely3 & almo/ ) z little felicity z :5 ,b5tley held ! p54 ,la/ly1 !re c be no "q t !re 0 a c]ta9 s*ool ( ,critics :o consid]$ !mselves compet5t to improve ! /yle ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ?r\gh\t4 ,& be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* _h ga9$ a famili> acqua9tance ) ! words ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 blund]s cont9ually crept into ! text ( m or less he9\s importance4 ,all ?is1 :i* 0 *iefly done dur+ ! second & ?ird c5turies1 introduces an elem5t ( difficulty 9 ! h&l+ ( anci5t evid5ce :i* c nev] be safely neglect$3 & w make a ?\ghtful man suspici\s ( e v>i\s read+ :i* comes 9 8 way1 especially if x is att5d$ ) b sl5d] atte/ation4 ,x has be5 already %ewn 9 ! companion volume t ! names ( ! ,codexes *iefly vitiat$ 9 ?is sort prove to be ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,,cdl2 ( ! ,v]sions1--! two ,coptic1 ! ,curetonian1 & c]ta9 specim5s ( ! ,old ,lat92 ( ! ,fa!rs1--,orig51 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 & to "s ext5t ,eusebius4 ,add to all t goes be=e ! peculi> subject-matt] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures1 & x w become abundantly pla9 :y !y %\ld h be5 liable to a s]ies ( assaults :i* make x reasonable t !y %\ld n[ at la/ be approa*$ by ourselves z no o!r anci5t writ+s are1 or c be4 ,! nature ( ,god1--,8 ,be+ & ,attributes3--! hi/ory ( ,man's ,r$emption3--! s\l's et]nal de/9y3--! my/]ies ( ! unse5 _w3--conc]n+ ^! & e o!r simil> high doctr9al subject1 ! sacr$ writ+s alone speak ) a voice ( absolute au?ority4 ,& surely by ?is "t en\gh has be5 said to expla9 :y ^! ,scriptures %\ld h be5 made a battle-field dur+ "s c5turies1 & especially 9 ! f\r?2 & hav+ ?us be5 made ! subject ( /r5u\s cont5tion1 t copies ( !m %\ld exhibit to ?is h\r traces ( ^? _m adv]se influ5ces4 ,i say x = ! la/ "t1--( all su* causes ( depravation ! ,greek ,poets1 ,trag$ians1 ,philosoph]s1 ,hi/orians1 nei!r knew nor c\ld "k any?+4 ,& x ?us pla9ly appe>s t ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is to be h&l$ by ourselves 9 an entirely diff]5t _s f t ( any o!r book4 #b4 ,i wi% n[ to inve/igate ! causes ( ! corruption ( ! ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i d n entitle ! pres5t a discussion ( ',v>i\s ,read+s1' because ,i consid] t expression to be incorrect & mislead+#ac4 ,freely all[+ t ! t]m 'v>iae lectiones1' = lack ( a bett]1 may be all[$ to /& on ! ,critic's page1 ,i yet ?9k x necess>y ev5 a second "t to call att5tion to ! impropriety :i* att5ds its use4 ,?us ,codex ,b diff]s f ! commonly receiv$ ,text ( ,scripture 9 ! ,gospels alone 9 #gegh places2 ( :i* no less ?an #bhgg are in/ances ( omission4 ,9 fact omissions con/itute by f> ! l>g] numb] ( :at are commonly call$ ',v>i\s ,read+s4' ,h[ !n c ^? be call$ 'v>i\s read+s' :i* are really n read+s at all8 ,h[1 = example1 c t be said to be a 'v>i\s read+' ( ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #i-bj1 :i* consi/s 9 ! circum/ance t ! la/ #ab v]ses are left out by two ,,mss48 ,aga91--,h[ c x be call$ a 'v>i\s read+' ( ,/4 ,john xxi4 #be1 to br+ ! ,gospel abruptly to a close1 z ,tis*5dorf does1 at v4 #bd8 ,^! are really no?+ else b indications ei!r ( a mutilat$ or else an int]polat$ text4 ,& ! "q to be resolv$ is1--,on :i* side does ! corruption lie8 &1 ,h[ did x orig9ate8 ,waiv+ ?is h[ev]1 ! t]m is objectionable on o!r gr\nds4 ,x is to beg ! :ole "q to assume t e irregul>ity 9 ! text ( ,scripture is a 'v>i\s read+4' ,! v expression c>ries ) x an ass]tion ( importance2 at lea/ x implies a claim to consid]ation4 ,ev5 might x be ?\ght t1 because x is t]m$ a 'v>i\s read+1' !re=e a critic is entitl$ to call 9 "q ! commonly receiv$ text4 ,:]eas1 n9e div]g5ces out ( t5 are ( no mann] ( significance & are entitl$ to no mann] ( consid]ation1 z e "o mu/ see at a glance :o w att5d to ! matt] ev] s little4 ',v>i\s read+s' 9 fact is a t]m :i* belongs ( "r to ! criticism ( ! text ( pr(ane au?ors3 &1 l _m o!r notions :i* h be5 import$ f ! same region into ?is dep>tm5t ( inquiry1 x only t5ds to confuse & p]plex ! judgem5t4 ,no v>iety 9 ! ,text ( ,scripture c prop]ly be call$ a 'v>i\s read+1' ( :i* x may be safely decl>$ t x nev] has be51 & nev] w be1 read4 ,9 ! case ( pr(ane au?ors1 :]e ! ,,mss4 are = ! mo/ "p exce$+ly few1 almo/ e plausible sub/itution ( "o ^w = ano!r1 if really entitl$ to alt]ation1 is look$ ^u z a v>i\s read+ ( ! text4 ,b 9 ! ,gospels1 ( :i* ! copies are s num]\s z has be5 said1 ! case is f> o!rwise4 ,we are !re able to conv9ce ourselves 9 a mom5t t ! suppos$ 'v>i\s read+' is no?+ else b an in/ance ( lic5ti\sness or inatt5tion on ! "p ( a previ\s scribe or scribes1 & we c af=d to neglect x accord+ly#ad4 ,x foll[s !re=e1--& ?is is ! po9t to :i* ,i desire to br+ ! read] & to urge ^u 8 consid]ation1--t ! numb] ( 'v>i\s read+s' 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t prop]ly s call$ has be5 greatly exagg]at$4 ,!y are1 9 reality1 exce$+ly few 9 numb]2 & x is to be expect$ t1 z s\nd 7sacr$7 ,criticism advances1 & pr9ciples are e/abli%$1 & conclusions recogniz$1 in/ead ( becom+ multipli$ !y w become few] & few]1 & at la/ w entirely disappe>4 ,we _c af=d to g on disput+ = ev]2 & :at is decl>$ by common cons5t to be unt5able ought to be no long] reckon$4 ,t only 9 %ort1 z ,i v5ture to ?9k1 des]ves ! "n ( a ,v>i\s ,read+ :i* comes to u s respectably recomm5d$ z to be entitl$ to our s9c]e consid]ation & respect2 or1 bett] /ill1 :i* is ( su* a k9d z to inspire "s degree ( reasonable suspicion t aft] all x may prove to be ! true way ( exhibit+ ! text4 ,! inquiry !re=e on :i* we are ab\t to engage1 gr[s naturally out ( ! consid]ations :i* h be5 already (f]$4 ,we propose to asc]ta91 z f> z is practicable at ! end ( s _m hundr$ ye>s1 9 :at way ^! _m /range corruptions ( ! text h aris54 ,v (t5 we %all only h to inquire h[ x has come to pass t ! text exhibits signs ( p]turbation at a c]ta9 place4 ,su* disquisitions z ^? :i* foll[1 let x nev] be =gott51 h no place 9 review+ any o!r text ?an t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 because a few pla9 pr9ciples w\ld suffice to solve e difficulty4 ,! less usual ^w mi/ak5 = ! ^w ( m frequ5t occurr5ce2--cl]ical c>elessness2--a gloss f9d+ its way f ! m>g9 into ! text2--- su* explanations z ^! w\ld probably 9 o!r cases suffice to acc\nt = e asc]ta9$ corruption ( ! text4 ,b x is f> o!rwise "h1 z ,i propose to make fully app>5t by & by4 ,v>i\s di/urb+ influ5ces h be5 at "w = a great _m ye>s1 ( :i* secul> productions "k absolutely no?+1 nor inde$ c "k4 ,! importance ( su* an inquiry w become app>5t z we proce$2 b x may be conv5i5t t ,i %\ld call att5tion to ! matt] briefly at ! outset4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t ! "o rema9+ plea ( _m critics = adopt+ read+s ( a c]ta9 k9d1 is ! inexplicable nature ( ! ph5om5a :i* ^! read+s exhibit4 ',h[ w y possibly acc\nt = su* a read+ z ! pres5t1' 7say !y17 'if x be n au!ntic8' ,or !y say no?+1 b leave x to be inf]r$ t ! read+ !y adopt1--9 spite ( its intr9sic improbability1 9 spite also ( ! sl5d] am\nt ( evid5ce on :i* x re/s1--mu/ ne$s be accept$ z true4 ,!y lose sight ( ! correlative difficulty3--,h[ comes x to pass t ! re/ ( ! copies read ! place o!rwise8 ,on all su* occasions x is impossible to ov]e/imate ! importance ( detect+ ! p>ticul> cause :i* has br\ght ab\t1 or :i* at lea/ w fully acc\nt =1 ?is depravation4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 x is h>dly too mu* to say t a case pres5ts itself l z :5 a pa/ebo>d mask has be5 torn away1 & ! gho/ is discov]$ ) a broad gr9 on 8 face beh9d x4 ,! discussion on :i* ,i n[ ent] is !n on ! ,causes ( ! v>i\s ,corruptions ( ! ,text4 ,! read] %all be %ewn ) illu/rations to :at p>ticul> s\rce !y are to be sev]ally ascrib$4 ,:5 repres5tative passages h be5 ?us labell$1 & ! causes are se5 9 op]ation1 he w be able to pi]ce ! my/]y1 & all ! bett] to w9n[ ! evil f among ! good4 #c4 ,:5 ,i take into my h&s an anci5t copy ( ! ,gospels1 ,i expect t x w exhibit sundry inaccuracies & imp]fections3 & ,i am nev] disappo9t$ 9 my expectation4 ,! discov]y h[ev] creates no uneas9ess1 s long z ! ph5om5a evolv$ are ( a c]ta9 k9d & range )9 easily def9able limits4 ,?us3-- #a4 ,:atev] belongs to peculi>ities ( spell+ or fa%ions ( writ+1 ,i c af=d to disreg>d4 ,= example1 x is cle>ly consi/5t ) p]fect good fai?1 t a scribe %\ld spell ,greek3 krabatton#ae 9 sev]al diff]5t ways3 t he %\ld write ,greek3 out = ,greek3 outs1 or ! contr>y3 t he %\ld add or omit :at gramm>ians call ! ,greek3 n ephelky/ikon4 ,! que/ions really t\*$ by irregul>ities su* z ^! conc]n ! date & c\ntry :]e ! ,,ms4 0 produc$2 n by any means ! hone/y or animus ( ! copyi/4 ,! man fell into ! me?od :i* 0 natural to him1 or :i* he f\nd prevail+ ar\nd him2 & t 0 all4 ',itacisms' !re=e1 z !y are call$1 ( :atev] k9d1--by :i* is meant ! int]*ange ( su* v[els & diph?ongs z ,greek3 i-ei1 ai-e1 -i1 -oi-u1 o-1 -ei1--ne$ excite no uneas9ess4 ,x is true t ^! v>iations may occasionally result 9 v consid]able inconv5i5ce3 = x w sometimes happ5 t a diff]5t read+ is ! consequ5ce4 ,b ! copyi/ may h done 8 "w 9 p]fect good fai? = all t4 ,x is n he :o is responsible = ! p]plexity he occasions me1 b ! language & ! imp]fect cu/oms amid/ :i* he wrote4 #b4 ,9 l mann] ! r$uplication ( syllables1 words1 clauses1 s5t5ces1 is consi/5t ) entire s9c]ity ( purpose on ! "p ( ! copyi/4 ,?is inaccuracy is (t5 to be deplor$2 inasmu* z a r$uplicat$ syllable (t5 really affects ! s5se4 ,b = ! mo/ "p no?+ worse ensues ?an t ! page is disfigur$ ) errata4 #c4 ,s1 on ! o!r h&1--! occasional omission ( words1 :e!r few or _m1--especially t pass+ f "o l9e to ! correspond+ place 9 a subsequ5t l9e1 :i* g5]ally results f ! proximity ( a simil> end+1--is a purely v5ial (f5ce4 ,x is an evid5ce ( c>elessness1 b x proves no?+ worse4 #d4 ,!n fur!r1--slight inv]sions1 especially ( ord9>y words2 or ! adoption ( "s m obvi\s & famili> collocation ( p>ticles 9 a s5t5ce2 or aga91 ! occasional sub/itution ( "o common ^w = ano!r1 z ,greek3 eipe = ,greek3 elege1 ,greek3 phnsan = ,greek3 kraxan1 & ! l2--ne$ n provoke res5tm5t4 ,x is an indication1 we are will+ to hope1 ( no?+ worse ?an slov5l9ess on ! "p ( ! writ] or ! gr\p or succession ( writ]s4 #e4 ,i w add t besides ! sub/itution ( "o ^w = ano!r1 cases frequ5tly occur1 :]e ev5 ! introduction into ! text ( "o or m words :i* _c be ?\ght to h /ood 9 ! orig9al autograph ( ! ,evangeli/1 ne$ create no (f5ce4 ,x is (t5 possible to acc\nt = _! pres5ce 9 a /rictly legitimate way4 ,b x is high "t to po9t out1 t irregul>ities :i* fall "u ^! la/ heads are only tol]able )9 n>r[ limits1 & always require c>eful wat*+2 = !y may easily become excessive or ev5 betray an animus2 & 9 ei!r case !y pass at once into q a diff]5t category4 ,f cases ( excusable oscitancy !y deg5]ate1 ei!r into in/ances ( inexcusable lic5ti\sness1 or else into cases ( d[nright fraud4 #f4 ,?us1 if x be obs]v$ 9 ! case ( a ,codex 7a7 t entire s5t5ces or significant clauses are habitually omitt$3--7b7 t aga9 & aga9 9 ! c\rse ( ! same page ! phraseology ( ! ,evangeli/ has ^u cle> evid5ce be5 s]i\sly tamp]$ )3 & 7c7 t int]polations "h & !re occur :i* w n admit ( loyal int]pretation3--we _c b le>n to reg>d ) habitual di/ru/ ! ,codex 9 :i* all ^! notes are f\nd comb9$4 ,x is z :5 a witness1 :om we suspect$ ( no?+ worse ?an a bad memory or a r&om tongue or a lively imag9ation1 has be5 at la/ convict$ ( delib]ate suppression ( p>ts ( 8 evid5ce1 misrepres5tation ( facts1--9 fact1 delib]ate falsehood4 #g4 ,b n[ suppose ! case ( a ,,ms4 9 :i* words or clauses are cle>ly omitt$ ) design2 :]e expressions are )held :i* are confess$ly h>% or critically difficult1--:ole s5t5ces or p>ts ( !m :i* h a kn[n controv]sial be>+2--,suppose fur!r t ! same ,,ms4 ab\nds 9 wor?less p>aphrase1 & conta9s apocryphal additions ?r\gh\t3--,:at are we to ?9k ( our guide !n8 ,!re c be b "o op9ion on ! subject4 ,f habitually tru/+1 we %all ent]ta9 invet]ate di/ru/4 ,we h asc]ta9$ 8 "*4 ,we ?\ght he 0 a fai?ful witness1 b we n[ f9d f exp]i5ce ( 8 transgressions t we h fall5 into bad company4 ,8 witness may be false no less ?an true3 confid5ce is at an end4 #d4 ,x may be reg>d$ z c]ta9 t mo/ ( ! ab]rations discov]able 9 ,codexes ( ! ,sacr$ ,text h aris5 9 ! fir/ in/ance f ! m]e/ inadv]t5cy ( ! scribes4 ,t su* 0 ! case 9 a va/ numb] ( cases is 9 fact demon/rable4 ,inaccuracy 9 ! appreh5sion ( ! ,div9e ,^w1 :i* 9 ! e>lie/ ages 0 imp]fectly und]/ood1 & ignorance ( ,greek 9 primitive ,lat9 translators1 7 prolific s\rces ( error4 ,! influ5ce ( ,lection>ies1 9 :i* ,holy ,scripture 0 cut up into sep>ate ,lections ei!r ) or )\t an introduction1 rema9$ ) habitual he>]s1 & l$ !m (f 9 copy+ to pa?s :i* _h become famili>4 ,acqua9tance ) ',h>monies' or ,diatess>ons caus$ copyi/s ins5sibly to assimilate "o ,gospel to ano!r4 ,& doctr9al pr$ilections1 z 9 ! case ( ^? :o belong$ to ! ,orig5i/ic s*ool1 7 ! s\rce ( laps+ into expressions :i* 7 n ! v]ba ipsissima ( ,holy ,writ4 ,9 su* cases1 :5 ! inadv]t5cy 0 g5u9e & 0 unm+l$ ) any ov]t design1 x is mu* to be not$ t ! error seldom propagat$ itself ext5sively4 ,b next1 well-meant endeav\rs mu/ h be5 made at a v e>ly p]iod 'to rectify' 7,greek3 dior?\n7 ! text ?us un9t5tionally corrupt$2 & s1 :at began 9 inadv]t5ce is sometimes f\nd 9 ! end to exhibit traces ( design1 & (t5 becomes 9 a high degree p]plex+4 ,?us1 to cite a fav\rite example1 x is cle> to me t 9 ! e>lie/ age ( all 7,a4,d4 #ajj87 "s copyi/ ( ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ad 7call him ,x7 inadv]t5tly omitt$ ! second ,greek3 en 9 ! ,angelic ,hymn4 ,n[ if ! p]sons 7call !m ,y & ,z7 ^: bus9ess x became 9 turn to reproduce ! e>ly copy ?us inadv]t5tly deprav$1 _h b be5 cont5t bo? ( !m to transcribe exactly :at !y saw be=e !m1 ! error ( _! imm$iate pr$ecessor 7,x7 mu/ infallibly h spe$ily be5 detect$1 rem$i$1 & =gott51--simply because1 z e "o mu/ h se5 z well z ,y & ,z1 x 0 impossible to translate ! s5t5ce :i* results1--,greek3 epi gs eirn an?rpois eudokia4 ,ref]5ce w\ld h be5 made to any o!r copy ( ! ?ird ,gospel1 & toge!r ) ! omitt$ preposition 7,greek3 en7 s5se w\ld h be5 re/or$ to ! passage4 ,b unhappily "o ( ! two suppos$ ,copyi/s be+ a le>n$ gramm>ian :o _h no o!r copy at h& to ref] to1 und]took1 good man t he 01 proprio ,m>te to =ce a mean+ into ! manife/ly corrupt$ text ( ! copy be=e him3 & he did x by affix+ to ,greek3 eudokia ! sign ( ! g5itive case 7,greek3 s74 ,unhappy ef=t ( misplac$ skill6 ,t copy or ^? copies became ! imm$iate prog5itor or prog5itors ( a l>ge family1--f :i* all ! ,lat9 copies are desc5d$2 :]eby x comes to pass t ,lat9 ,*ri/5dom s+s ! ,hymn ',gloria 9 excelsis' incorrectly to ! pres5t h\r1 & may possibly s+ x incorrectly to ! end ( "t4 ,! error committ$ by t same v5]able ,copyi/ survives 9 ! f\r olde/ copies ( ! passage extant1 ,b99 & ,symbol3 ,aleph991 ,a & ,d1--?\gh happily 9 no o!rs1--9 ! ,old ,lat91 ,vulgate1 & ,go?ic1 alone ( ,v]sions2 9 ,ir5aeus & ,orig5 7:o contradict !mselves71 & 9 ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,all ! ,greek au?orities1 ) ! few exceptions j record$1 ( :i* ,a & ,d are ! only consi/5t witnesses1 unite 9 condemn+ ! evid5t blund]#af4 ,i once hop$ t x might be possible to ref] all ! ,corruptions ( ! ,text ( ,scripture to ord9>y causes3 z1 c>eless transcription1-- div]s accid5ts1--misplac$ critical assiduity1--doctr9al animus1--small acts ( unp>donable lic5ce4 ,b increas$ att5tion & enl>g$ acqua9tance ) ! subject1 h conv9c$ me t by f> ! l>g] numb] ( ! omissions ( su* ,codexes z ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bld mu/ ne$s be due to q a diff]5t cause4 ,^! ,,mss4 omit s _m words1 phrases1 s5t5ces1 v]ses ( ,scripture1--t x is altoge!r incr$ible t ! proximity ( l end+s c h mu* to d ) ! matt]4 ,inadv]t5cy may be made to be> ! blame ( "s omissions3 x _c be> ! blame ( %rewd & significant omissions ( clauses1 :i* inv>iably leave ! s5se complete4 ,a sy/ematic & p]petual mutilation ( ! inspir$ ,text mu/ ne$s be ! result ( design1 n ( accid5t#ag4 ,x w be se5 !re=e t ! causes ( ! ,corruptions ( ! ,text class !mselves "u two ma9 heads1 viz4 7,i47 ,^? :i* arose f ,inadv]t5cy1 & 7,,ii47 ,^? :i* took _! orig9 9 ,design4 ,,footnotes3 #aj #b ,k+s xxii4 #h #b ,*ron4 xxxiv4 #ae4 #aa ,?is "n is us$ = want ( a bett]4 ,*ur*m5 are ,unit>ians z well z ,tr9it>ians4 ,! two names 9 comb9ation express our ,fai?4 ,we d>e n ali5ate ei!r ( !m4 #ab ,see ,! ,traditional ,text ( ! ,holy ,gospels 7,burgon & ,mill]71 p4 #ba1 note #a4 #ac ,see ,traditional ,text1 *apt] ii1 #f1 p4 #cc4 #ad ,p]haps ?is po9t may be cle>$ by divid+ read+s into two classes1 viz4 7#a7 su* z really h /rong evid5ce = _! support1 & require exam9ation be=e we c be c]ta9 t !y are corrupt2 & 7#b7 ^? :i* af=d no d\bt z to _! be+ de/itute ( f\ndation1 & are only int]e/+ z specim5s ( ! modes 9 :i* error 0 sometimes introduc$4 ,evid5tly1 ! latt] class are n 'v>i\s' at all4 #ae ,i4e4 g5]ally ,greek3 krabatton1 or else ,greek3 krabaton1 or ev5 ,greek3 krabakton2 seldom f\nd z ,greek3 krabbatton1 or spelt 9 ! corrupt =m ,greek3 krabbaton4 #af ,i am incl9$ to believe t 9 ! age imm$iately succe$+ t ( ! ,apo/les1 "s p]son or p]sons ( great influ5ce & au?ority execut$ a ,revision ( ! ,n4,t4 & gave ! _w ! result ( su* lab\rs 9 a 'correct$ ,text4' ,! guid+ pr9ciple seems to h be5 to seek to abridge ! ,text1 to lop (f :atev] seem$ r$undant1 or :i* might 9 any way be sp>$1 & to elim9ate f "o ,gospel :atev] expressions occurr$ else:]e 9 ano!r ,gospel4 ,clauses :i* slightly obscur$ ! speak]'s mean+2 or :i* seem$ to hang loose at ! end ( a s5t5ce2 or :i* introduc$ a consid]ation ( difficulty3--words :i* int]f]$ ) ! easy fl[ ( a s5t5ce3--e ?+ ( ?is k9d su* a p]sonage seems to h held himself free to disc>d4 ,b :at is m s]i\s1 passages :i* occasion$ "s difficulty1 z ! p]icope de adult]a2 physical p]plexity1 z ! tr\bl+ ( ! wat]2 spiritual revulsion1 z ! agony 9 ! g>d53--all ^! ! revis] or revis]s seem to h judg$ x safe/ simply to elim9ate4 ,x is difficult to und]/& h[ any p]sons 9 _! s5ses c\ld h s act$ by ! sacr$ deposit2 b x does n seem improbable t at "s v remote p]iod !re 7 f\nd "s :o did act 9 "s su* way4 ,let x be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t unlike "s critics ,i d n base my real argum5t ^u :at appe>s to me to be a n unlikely supposition4 #ag ,unless x be ref]r$ to ! two conv]g+ /reams ( corruption1 z describ$ 9 ,! ,traditional ,text4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,accid5tal ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption4 ,i4 ,pure ,accid5t4 ,x (t5 happ5s t m causes ?an "o are comb9$ 9 ! orig9 ( ! corruption 9 any "o passage4 ,9 ! foll[+ hi/ory ( a blund] & ( ! fatal consequ5ces t ensu$ ^u x1 only ! fir/ /ep 0 accid5tal4 ,b mu* in/ruction may be d]iv$ f ! initial blund]1 & ?\gh ! lat] /ages 9 ! hi/ory come "u ano!r head1 !y nev]!less illu/rate ! effects ( e>ly accid5t1 besides ?r[+ light ^u p>ts ( ! discussion :i* are yet to come4 #a4 ,we are sometimes able to trace ! orig9 & progress ( accid5tal depravations ( ! text3 & ! /udy is z in/ructive z x is int]e/+4 ,let me invite att5tion to :at is f\nd 9 ,/4 ,john x4 #bi2 :]e1--in/ead (1 ',my ,fa!r1 :o ha? giv5 !m viz4 ,my %eep to ,me1 is great] ?an all1'--,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 are = read+1 ',t ?+ :i* ,my 7or !7 ,fa!r ha? giv5 to ,me is great] 7i4e4 is a great] ?+7 ?an all4' ,a va/ly diff]5t proposition1 truly2 &1 :atev] x may mean1 :olly inadmissible "h1 z ! context proves4 ,x has be5 ! result ( %e] accid5t moreov]1--z ,i proce$ to expla94 ,/4 ,john c]ta9ly wrote ! famili> words1--,greek3 ho patr m\ ,greek3 os d$ke moi1 meizn pantn e/i4 ,b1 ) ! lic5ti\sness or inaccuracy :i* prevail$ 9 ! e>lie/ age1 "s remote copyi/ is f\nd to h sub/itut$ = ,greek3 hos d$ke1 its grammatical equival5t ,greek3 ho d$ks4 ,& ?is prov$ fatal2 = x 0 only necess>y t ano!r scribe %\ld sub/itute ,greek3 meizon = ,greek3 meizn 7aft] ! example ( su* places z ,/4 ,matt4 xii4 #f1 #da1 #db1 c471 & ?us ! door _h be5 op5$ to at lea/ f\r di/9ct deflections f ! evangelical v]ity1--:i* /raightway f\nd _! way into manuscripts3--7#a7 ,greek3 o d$ks 444 meizn--( :i* read+ at ?is day ,d is ! sole repres5tative3 7#b7 ,greek3 os d$ke 444 meizon--:i* survives only 9 ,,ax3 7#c7 ,greek3 o d$ke 444 meizn--:i* is only f\nd 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,l3 7#d7 ,greek3 o d$ke 444 meizon--:i* is ! peculi> prop]ty ( ,b4 ,! #a/ & #bnd ( ^! suffici5tly repres5t ! ,evangeli/'s mean+1 ?\gh nei!r ( !m is :at he actually wrote2 b ! #crd is untranslatable3 :ile ! #d? is no?+ else b a desp]ate attempt to =ce a mean+ into ! #crd1 by writ+ ,greek3 meizon = ,greek3 meizn2 treat+ ,greek3 o n z ! article b z ! neut] ( ! relative ,greek3 os4 ,?is la/ exhibition ( ! text1 :i* 9 fact sc>cely yields an intelligible mean+ & re/s ^u ! m9imum ( manuscript evid5ce1 w\ld long s9ce h be5 =gott51 b t1 calamit\sly = ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 its ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures 0 execut$ f ,,mss4 ( ! same vici\s type z ,cod4 ,b#ah4 ,accord+ly1 all ! ,lat9 copies1 & !re=e all ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs#ai1 translate1-- ',pat] meus quod d$it mihi1 majus omnibus e/#bj4' ,! ,we/]ns resolutely extract$ a mean+ f :atev] !y presum$ to be g5u9e ,scripture3 & "o c b admire ! piety :i* insi/s on f9d+ s\nd ,div9ity 9 :at proves aft] all to be no?+ else b a sorry blund]4 ,:at1 asks ,augu/9e1 0 '! ?+1 great] ?an all1' :i* ! ,fa!r gave to ! ,son8 ,to be ! ,^w ( ! ,fa!r 7he answ]s71 ,8 only-begott5 ,son & ! brightness ( ,8 glory#ba4 ,! ,greeks knew bett]4 ,basil#bb1 ,*ryso/om#bc1 ,cyril on n9e occasions#bd1 ,!odoret#be--;z _m z quote ! place--inv>iably exhibit ! textus receptus ,greek3 s 444 meizn1 :i* is obvi\sly ! true read+ & may on no acc\nt suff] mole/ation4 ',b1'--,i %all p]haps be ask$1--'al?\gh ,patri/ic & manuscript evid5ce are want+ = ! read+ ,greek3 o d$ke moi 444 meizn1--is x n a significant circum/ance t ?ree translations ( su* high antiquity z ! ,lat91 ! ,bohairic1 & ! ,go?ic1 %\ld concur 9 support+ x8 & does x n inspire extraord9>y confid5ce 9 ,b to f9d t ,b alone ( ,,mss4 agrees ) !m8' ,to :i* ,i answ]1--,x makes me1 on ! contr>y1 m & m di/ru/ful ( ! ,lat91 ! ,bohairic & ! ,go?ic v]sions to f9d !m exclusively sid+ ) ,cod4 ,b on su* an occasion z ! pres5t4 ,x is obvi\sly n m 'significant' t ! ,lat91 ! ,bohairic1 & ! ,go?ic1 %\ld "h conspire )--?an t ! ,syriac1 ! ,sahidic1 & ! ,e?iopic1 %\ld "h comb9e aga9/ ,b4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ utt]ly insignificant is ! te/imony ( ,b :5 oppos$ to all ! uncials1 all ! cursives1 & all ! ,greek fa!rs :o quote ! place4 ,s f> f inspir+ me ) confid5ce 9 ,b1 ! pres5t indication ( ! fatal sympa?y ( t ,codex ) ! corrupt copies f :i* confess$ly _m ( ! ,old ,lat9 7 execut$1 confirms me 9 my habitual di/ru/ ( x4 ,ab\t ! true read+ ( ,/4 ,john x4 #bi1 !re really exi/s no mann] ( d\bt4 ,z = ! 'old uncials' !y are 7z usual7 hopelessly at v>iance on ! subject4 ,9 an easy s5t5ce ( only #i words1--:i* h[ev] ,tis*5dorf exhibits 9 con=mity ) no kn[n ,codex1 :ile ,tregelles & ,al=d bl9dly foll[ ,cod4 ,b1--!y h contriv$ to inv5t five 'v>i\s read+s1' z may be se5 at foot#bf4 ,%all we wond] m at ! badness ( ! ,codexes to :i* we are j n[ invit$ to p9 our fai?2 or at ! infatuation ( our guides8 #b4 ,i d n f9d t suffici5t att5tion has be5 paid to grave di/urbances ( ! ,text :i* h result$ f a slight cl]ical error4 ,:ile we are enum]at+ ! v>i\s causes ( ,textual depravity1 we may n fail to specify ?is4 ,once trace a s]i\s ,textual di/urbance back to 7:at = conv5i5ce may be call$7 a 'cl]ical error1' & y are suppli$ ) an effectual answ] to a =m ( inquiry :i* else is sometimes v p]plex+3 viz4 ,if ! true mean+ ( ?is passage be :at y suppose1 = :at conceivable reason %\ld ! scribe h misrepres5t$ x 9 ?is /range way1--made nons5se1 9 %ort1 ( ! place8444 ,i w fur!r rem>k1 t x is always int]e/+1 sometimes in/ructive1 aft] detect+ ! remote orig9 ( an anci5t blund]1 to note :at has be5 its subsequ5t hi/ory & progress4 ,"s specim5s ( ! ?+ ref]r$ to ,i h already giv5 9 ano!r place4 ,! read] is invit$ to acqua9t himself ) ! /range process by :i* ! '#bgf s\ls' :o suff]$ %ipwreck ) ,/4 ,paul 7,acts xxvii4 #cg71 h s9ce dw9dl$ d[n to 'ab\t #gfbg4'--;,he is fur!r reque/$ to note h[ 'a c]ta9 man' :o 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul bore ! "n ( ',ju/us' 7,acts xviii4 #g71 has be5 s9ce trans=m$ into ',titus1' ',titus ,ju/us1' & ev5 ',titius ,ju/us#bh4'--;,b = a f> sadd] trave/ie ( sacr$ words1 ! read] is ref]r$ to :at has happ5$ 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xi4 #bc & ,/4 ,luke x4 #ae1--:]e our ,savi\r is made to ask an unmean+ "q--in/ead ( be+ p]mitt$ to ann\nce a solemn fact--conc]n+ ,cap]naum#bi4--,! newly-discov]$ anci5t "n ( ! ,isl& ( ,malta1 ,melit5e#cj1 7= :i* geograph]s are indebt$ to ! adv5tur\s _s ( ,we/cott & ,hort71 may also be pr(itably consid]$ 9 connexion ) :at is to be ! subject ( ! pres5t *apt]4 ,& n[ to break up fre% gr\nd4 ,att5tion is !re=e invit$ to a case ( attraction 9 ,acts xx4 #bd4 ,x is b ! *ange ( a s+le lett] 7,greek3 logo,u = ,greek3 logo,n71 yet has t m9ute deflection f ! tru? l$ to a complete mangl+ ( ! mo/ affect+ p]haps ( ,/4 ,paul's utt]ances4 ,i ref] to ! fam\s words ,greek3 all' oud5os logon poi\mai1 oude e* tn psu*n m\ timian emaut1 hs teleisai ton dromon m\ meta *>as3 excell5tly1 because idiomatically1 r5d]$ by our ,translators ( #afaa1--';,b none ( ^! ?+s move me1 nei!r c\nt ,i my life de> unto myself1 s t ,i might f9i% my c\rse ) joy4' ,= ,greek3 oud5os lo,g,o,n1 7! accusative aft] ,greek3 poi\mai71 "s "o hav+ sub/itut$ ,greek3 oud5os lo,g,o,u1--a read+ :i* survives to ?is h\r 9 ,b & ,c#ca1--;x became necess>y to f9d some?+ else = ! v]b to gov]n4 ,greek3 ,tn psy*n 0 at h&1 b ,greek3 oude e* /ood 9 ! way4 ,greek3 ,oude e* mu/ !re=e g#cb2 & g x did1--z ,b1 ,c1 & ,symbol3 ,aleph rema9 to atte/4 ,greek3 ,timian %\ld h gone also1 if ! s5t5ce 0 to be made translatable2 b ,greek3 timian 0 left beh9d#cc4 ,! au?ors ( anci5t embroilm5ts ( ! text 7 sad bungl]s4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph inadv]t5tly reta9$ ,/4 ,luke's ^w1 ,greek3 ,,logon2 & because ,symbol3 ,aleph "h foll[s ,b 9 e o!r respect1 x exhibits a text :i* is simply un9telligible#cd4 ,n[ ! second clause ( ! s5t5ce1 viz4 ! words ,greek3 oude e*o tn psy*n m\ timian emaut1 may on no acc\nt be surr5d]$4 ,x is inde$ beyond ! rea* ( suspicion1 be+ f\nd 9 ,codd4 ,a1 ,d1 ,e1 ,h1 ,l1 ,p1 #ac1 #ca1--;9 fact 9 e kn[n copy ( ! ,acts1 except ! discordant ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc4 ,! clause 9 "q is fur!r witness$ to by ! ,vulgate#ce1--;by ! ,h>kleian#cf1--;by ,basil#cg1--;by ,*ryso/om#ch1--;by ,cyril#ci1--;by ,eu?alius#dj1--;& by ! int]polator ( ,ignatius#da4 ,:at are we to ?9k ( our guides 7,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s7 :o h nev]!less surr5d]$ ! ,traditional ,text & pres5t$ u in/ead ) :at ,dr4 ,field1--:o is inde$ a ,ma/] 9 ,israel1--describes z ! impossible ,greek3 all' oud5os log\ poi\mai tn psy*n timian emaut#db8 ,! words ( ! la/-nam$ em95t s*ol> on ! read+ j cit$ are s valuable 9 !mselves1 & are obs]v$ to be s (t5 9 po9t1 t !y %all f9d place "h3--',mod]n ,critics1' he says1 '9 def]5ce to ! au?ority ( ! old] ,,mss41 & to c]ta9 critical canons :i* prescribe t pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to ! %ort] & m difficult read+ ov] ! long] & easi] "o1 h decid$ t ! ,t4,r4 9 ?is passage is to be replac$ by t :i* is conta9$ 9 ^? old] ,,mss4 ',9 reg>d to ! difficulty ( ?is read+1 t t]m seems h>dly applicable to ! pres5t case4 ,a difficult read+ is "o :i* pres5ts some?+ app>5tly incongru\s 9 ! s5se1 or anomal\s 9 ! con/ruction1 :i* an ignorant or half-le>n$ copyi/ w\ld endeav\r1 by ! use ( su* critical faculty z he possess$1 to remove2 b :i* a true critic is able1 by probable explanation1 & a comp>ison ( simil> cases1 to def5d aga9/ all su* fanci$ improvem5ts4 ,9 ! read+ be=e u1 ,greek3 all' oud5os log\ poi\mai tn psy*n timian emaut1 x is ! con/ruction1 & n ! s5se1 :i* is 9 "q2 & ?is is n simply difficult1 b impossible4 ,!re is really no way ( gett+ ov] x2 x baffles novices & exp]ts alike#dc4' ,:5 w m5 believe t a read+ v\*$ = by only ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,c is safe to be a fabrication#dd8 ,b at lea/ :5 ,copies & ,fa!rs comb9e1 z "h !y d1 aga9/ ^? ?ree copies1 :at c ju/ify critics 9 uphold+ a text :i* c>ries on its face its own condemnation8 #c4 ,we n[ come to ! inatt5tion ( ^? long-s9ce-=gott5 ,i/ or ,i,ind c5tury scribes :o1 beguil$ by ! simil>ity ( ! lett]s ,greek3 ,,en & ,greek3 ,,an 79 ! expression ,greek3 ,e,n,a,nthrpois eudokia1 ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ad71 left out ! preposition4 ,an un9telligible clause 0 ! consequ5ce1 z has be5 expla9$ above 7p4 #ba73 :i* "s "o next s\ght to rem$y by add+ to ,greek3 eudokia ! sign ( ! g5itive 7,greek3 ,s74 ,?us ! ,old ,lat9 translations 7 made4 ,t ?is is ! true hi/ory ( a blund] :i* ! late/ ,editors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t h mi/ak5 = g5u9e ,gospel1 is ,i submit c]ta9#de4 ,mo/ ,lat9 copies 7except #addf7 exhibit 'pax hom9ibus bonae voluntatis1' z well z _m ,lat9 ,fa!rs#dg4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! preposition ,greek3 ,,en is reta9$ 9 e kn[n ,greek copy ( ,/4 ,luke )\t exception1 :ile ! read+ ,greek3 eudokias is absolutely limit$ to ! f\r uncials ,,ab,symbol3 ,aleph,d4 ,! witness ( antiquity on ?is head is ?us ov]:elm+ & decisive4 #d4 ,9 o!r cases ! s\rce1 ! v progress ( a blund]1--is discov]able4 ,?us :]eas ,/4 ,m>k 79 xv4 #f7 c]ta9ly wrote ,greek3 h5a desmion1 ,greek3 ,,onp] t\nto1 ! scribe ( ,symbol3 ,delta1 :o evid5tly d]iv$ 8 text f an e>li] copy 9 uncial lett]s is f\nd to h divid$ ! ,evangeli/'s syllables wrongly1 & to exhibit 9 ?is place ,greek3 ,,on4,,p],,t\nto4 ,! consequ5ce might h be5 pr$ict$4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ab trans=m ?is into ,greek3 ,,on ,,p>,,t\nto3 :i* accord+ly is ! read+ adopt$ by ,tis*5dorf & by ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,:5ev] 9 fact ! f9al syllable ( "o ^w c possibly be mi/ak5 = ! fir/ syllable ( ! next1 or vice v]sa1 x is safe soon] or lat] to h misl$ somebody4 ,?us1 we are n at all surpris$ to f9d ,/4 ,m>k's ,greek3 ha p>elabon 7vii4 #d7 trans=m$ into ,greek3 hap] elabon1 b only by ,b4 ,ano!r />tl+ in/ance ( ! same ph5om5on is suppli$ by ! sub/itution 9 ,/4 ,m>k vi4 #bb ( ,greek3 ts ?ygatros aut\ ,hrdiados = ,greek3 ts ?ygatros auts ts ,hrdiados4 ,"h a fir/ copyi/ left out ,greek3 ts z be+ a repetition ( ! la/ syllable ( ,greek3 auts1 & aft]w>ds a second attempt$ to improve ! ,greek by putt+ ! mascul9e pron\n = ! fem99e 7,greek3 ,,aut\ = ,greek3 ,,aut,s74 ,! consequ5ce 0 h>dly to h be5 =ese54 ,/range to say x results 9 ! foll[+ mon/r\s figm5t3--t ! fruit ( ,h]od's ince/u\s connexion ) ,h]odias _h be5 a daught]1 :o 0 also nam$ ,h]odias2 & t %e1--! ,k+'s own daught]1--0 ! immode/ "o#dh :o came 9 & danc$ be=e him1 '8 lords1 high capta9s1 & *ief e/ates ( ,galilee1' z !y sat at ! bir?day banquet4 ,probability1 natural feel+1 ! obvi\s requirem5ts ( ! n>rative1 ,hi/ory itself--1 = ,josephus expressly in=ms u t ',salome1' n ',h]odias1' 0 ! "n ( ,h]odias' daught]#di1--;all reclaim l\dly aga9/ su* a p]v]sion ( ! tru?4 ,b :at ought to be 9 itself conclusive1 :at 9 fact settles ! "q1 is ! te/imony ( ! ,,mss41--( :i* only sev5 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl,symbol3 ,delta ) two cursive copies7 c be f\nd to exhibit ?is /range mi/ake4 ,accord+ly ! read+ ,greek3 ,,aut\ is reject$ by ,griesba*1 ,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 ,tis*5dorf & ,al=d4 ,x has nev]!less f\nd fav\r ) ,dr4 ,hort2 & x has ev5 be5 ?ru/ into ! m>g9 ( ! revis$ ,text ( our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 z a read+ hav+ "s probability4 ,?is is inde$ an in/ructive in/ance ( ! effect ( accid5tal errors--ano!r pro( t ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl _c be tru/$4 ,suffici5tly obvi\s are ! /eps :]eby ! pres5t errone\s read+ 0 br\ght to p]fection4 ,! imm$iate proximity 9 ,,mss4 ( ! selfsame comb9ation ( lett]s is obs]v$ inv>iably to result 9 a v>i\s read+4 ,greek3 ,,aut,,/,s 0 safe to "p ) its second ,greek3 ,t,s on ! fir/ opportunity1 & ! def9itive article 7,greek3 ts7 once lo/1 ! sub/itution ( ,greek3 ,,aut\ = ,greek3 ,,aut,s is j su* a mi/ake z a copyi/ ) ill-direct$ intellig5ce w\ld be sure to fall into if he 7 be/[+ suffici5t att5tion on ! subject to be aw>e t ! p]son spok5 ( 9 v]ses #bj & #ba is ,h]od ! ,k+4 ,?is recurr5ce ( id5tical or simil> syllables ne> toge!r 0 a frequ5t s\rce ( error4 ,copy+ has always a t5d5cy to become me*anical3 & :5 ! m9d ( ! copyi/ sank to sleep 9 8 monoton\s toil1 z well z if x became too active1 ! sacr$ ,text suff]$ m or less1 & s ev5 a trifl+ mi/ake might be ! se$ ( s]i\s depravation4 #e4 ,ano!r int]e/+ & in/ructive in/ance ( error orig9at+ 9 %e] accid5t1 is suppli$ by ! read+ 9 c]ta9 ,,mss4 ( ,/4 ,m>k viii4 #a4 ,t ! ,evangeli/ wrote ,greek3 pampoll\ o*l\ '! multitude be+ v great1' is c]ta94 ,?is is ! read+ ( all ! uncials b eight1 ( all ! cursives b fifte54 ,b in/ead ( ?is1 x has be5 propos$ t we %\ld read1 ':5 !re 0 aga9 a great multitude1' ! pla9 fact be+ t "s anci5t scribe mi/ook1 z he easily might1 ! less usual comp\nd ^w = :at 0 to himself a f> m famili> expression3 i4e4 he mi/ook ,greek3 ,,pampoll\ = ,greek3 ,,pal9 ,,poll\4 ,?is blund] mu/ date f ! second c5tury1 = 'it]um' is met ) 9 ! ,old ,lat9 z well z 9 ! ,vulgate1 ! ,go?ic1 ! ,bohairic1 & "s o!r v]sions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is aga9/ 'e true pr9ciple ( ,textual ,criticism' 7z ,dr4 ,tregelles w\ld say71 t ! m difficult expression %\ld be ab&on$ = ! easi]1 :5 =ty-n9e out ( e fifty ,,mss4 are obs]v$ to uphold x2 :5 ! olde/ v]sion ( all1 ! ,syriac1 is on ! same side2 :5 ! s\rce ( ! mi/ake is pat5t2 & :5 ! r>] ^w is obs]v$ to be 9 ,/4 ,m>k's peculi> mann]4 ,!re c\ld be 9 fact no hesitation on ?is subject1 if ! opposition _h n be5 head$ by ^? notori\s false witnesses ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl1 :i* x is j n[ ! fa%ion to uphold at all haz>ds4 ,!y happ5 to be support$ on ?is occasion by ,,gmn,symbol3 ,delta & fifte5 cursives3 :ile two o!r cursives look bo? ways & exhibit ,greek3 pal9 pampoll\4 ,9 ,/ ,m>k vii4 #ad1 ,greek3 pal9 0 simil>ly misread by "s copyi/s = ,greek3 panta1 & has be5 pres]v$ by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl,symbol3 ,delta 7,greek3 ,,pal9 = ,greek3 ,,panta7 aga9/ ?irte5 uncials1 all ! cursives1 ! ,pe%itto & ,arm5ian4 ,s aga9 9 ,/4 ,john xiii4 #cg4 ,a reads ,greek3 dynasai moi by an evid5t slip ( ! p5 = ,greek3 dynamai soi4 ,& 9 xix4 #ca ,greek3 megal m]a has become ,greek3 megal hm]a 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ae,symbol3 ,gamma & "s cursive copies4 ,,footnotes3 #ah ,see ! passages quot$ 9 ,scriv5]'s ,introduction1 ,,ii4 #bgj-b1 #d? ed4 #ai ,t]tull4 7,prax4 c4 #bb73 ,ambr4 7ii4 #egf1 #fjg1 #fhi bis73 ,hil>y 7#icj bis1 #ajhi73 ,j]ome 7v4 #bjh73 ,augu/9 7iii#b4 #fae73 ,maxim9us1 an ,arian bi%op 7ap4 ,aug4 viii4 #fea74 #bj ,pat] 7or ,pat] meus7 quod d$it mihi 7or mihi d$it71 majus omnibus e/ 7or majus e/ omnibus3 or omnibus majus e/74 #ba iii#b4 #fae4 ,he beg9s1 ',quid d$it ,filio ,pat] majus omnibus8 ,ut ipsi ille esset unig5itus ,filius4' #bb i4 #bcf4 #bc viii4 #cfc bis4 #bd i4 #ahh3 ii4 #efg3 iii4 #gib3 iv4 #fff 7ed4 ,pusey73 v#a4 #cbf1 #egg1 #egh3 ap4 ,mai ii4 #ac3 iii4 #ccf4 #be v4 #ajfe 7,dial,mac$ ap4 ,a?anas4 ii4 #eee74 #bf ,viz4 ,greek3 m\ ,,abd3--,greek3 m\ ,symbol3 ,aleph ,greek3 os ,a3 ,greek3 o ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,d ,greek3 d$k5 ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,a3 ,greek3 d$ks ,greek3 meizn ,symbol3 ,aleph,d3 ,greek3 meizon ,,ab ,greek3 meiz4 pantn e/9 ,a3 ,greek3 pantn meiz4 e/9 ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,d4 #bg ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #ea-c4 #bh ,! ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #ec-d4 #bi ,ibid4 p4 #ea-f4 #cj ,ibid4 p4 #agg-h4 #ca ,also 9 ,ammonius ! presbyt]1 ,a4,d4 #deh--see ,cram]'s ,cat4 p4 #ccd-e1 la/ l9e4 ,greek3 ,log\ is read besides 9 ! cursives ,act4 #cf1 #if1 #aje4 #cb ,i look = an approv+ ^w f le>n$ ,dr4 ,field1 :o wrote 9 #ahge--',! real ob/acle to our acquiesc+ 9 ! read+ ( ! ,t4,r4 is1 t if ! words ,greek3 oude e* _h once =m$ a "p ( ! orig9al text1 !re is no possibility ( acc\nt+ = ! subsequ5t omission ( !m4' ,! same rem>k1 b consid]ably ton$ d[n1 is f\nd 9 8 delightful ,otium ,norvic5se1 ,p4 iii1 p4 #hd4 #cc ,b & ,c read--,greek3 all' oud5os log\ poi\mai tn psy*n emaut3 :i* is exactly :at ,lucif] ,cal>it4 repres5ts1--'s$ pro nihilo ae/imo animam meam c>am esse mihi' 7,gall&4 vi4 #bda74 #cd ,symbol3 ,aleph reads--,greek3 all' oud5os logon poi\mai tn psy*n timian emaut hs teleis ton dromon m\4 #ce ',s$ nihil horum 7,greek3 t\tn is f\nd 9 _m ,greek ,codd47 v]eor1 nee facio animam meam pretiosiorem quam me4' ,s1 ! ,cod4 ,amiat4 ,x is evid5t !n t :5 ,ambrose 7ii4 #ajdj7 writes 'nec facio animam meam c>iorem mihi1' he is quot+ ! latt] ( ^! two clauses4 ,augu/9e 7iii#a4 #eaf71 :5 he cites ! place ?us1 ',non enim facto animam meam preliosiorem quam me'2 & else:]e 7iv4 #bfh7 'pretiosam mihi'2 also ,orig5 7int]p4 iv4 #fbh c71 's$ ego non facto c>iorem animam meam mihi'2 & ev5 ! ,coptic1 's$ anima mea1 dico1 non e/ pretiosa mihi 9 aliquo v]bo'3--^! evid5tly summ>ize ! place1 by mak+ a s5t5ce out ( :at survives ( ! second clause4 ,! ,lat9 ( ,d exhibits ',s$ nihil horum cura e/ mihi3 neque habeo ipsam animam c>am mihi4' #cf ,dr4 ,field says t x may be ?us ,graeciz$--,greek3 all' oud5a logon poi\mai1 oude lelogi/ai moi psy* ti timion4 #cg ii4 #bif e1--exactly z ! ,t4,r4 #ch ,exactly z ! ,t4,r41 except t he writes ,greek3 tn psy*n )\t ,greek3 m\ 7ix4 #ccb74 ,s aga91 fur!r on 7#ccd b71 ,greek3 ouk e* timian tn emaut\ psy*n4 ,?is latt] place is quot$ 9 ,cram]'s ,cat4 #ccd4 #ci ,ap4 ,mai ii4 #ccf ,greek3 edei kai ts zs kataphrone9 hyp] t\ teleisai ton dromon1 oude tn psy*n eph poieisai timian heaut4 #dj ,greek3 logon e*1 oude poi\mai tn psy*n timian emaut1 /e k4t4l4 7ap4 ,gall&4 x4 #bbb74 #da ,greek3 all' oud5os logon poi\mai tn de9n1 oude e* tn psy*n timian emaut4 ,epi/4 ad ,t>s4 c4 #a 7,dressel1 p4 #bee74 #db ,! :ole ( ,dr4 ,field's le>n$ annotation des]ves to be c>efully read & pond]$4 ,i speak ( x especially 9 ! %ape 9 :i* x orig9ally appe>$1 viz4 9 #ahge4 #dc ,ibid4 p4 #b & #c4 #dd ,surpris+ x is h[ l>gely ! text ( ?is place has suff]$ at ! h&s ( ,copyi/s & ,translators4 ,9 ,a & ,d1 ! words ,greek3 poi\mai & ,greek3 e* h be5 made to *ange places4 ,! latt] ,codex introduces ,greek3 moi aft] ,greek3 e*1--= ,greek3 emaut writes ,greek3 emaut\1--& exhibits ,greek3 t\ teleisai )\t ,greek3 hs4 ,c writes ,greek3 hs to teleisai4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,b alone ( ,codexes pres5t u ) ,greek3 teleis = ,greek3 teleisai1 & are foll[$ by ,we/cott & ,hort alone ( ,editors4 ,! ,pe%itto 7's$ mihi nihili ae/imatur anima mea'71 ! ,sahidic 7's$ non facto animam meam 9 ull re'71 & ! ,ae?iopic 7's$ non reputo animam meam nihil quidquam'71 get rid ( ,greek3 timian z well z ( ,greek3 oude e*4 ,s mu* div]sity ( text1 & 9 su* primitive witnesses1 :ile x po9ts to a remote p]iod z ! date ( ! blund] to :i* att5tion is call$ 9 ! text1 te/ifies eloqu5tly to ! utt] p]plexity :i* t blund] occasion$ f ! fir/4 #de ,ano!r example ( ! same ph5om5on1 7viz4 ! absorption ( ,greek3 ,,en by ! fir/ syllable ( ,greek3 ,a,nthrpois7 is to be se5 9 ,acts iv4 #ab1--:]e h[ev] ! error has l$ to no mis*iev\s results4 #df ,= ^? :i* ins]t 9 7#ad71 & ^? :i* reject x 7#be71 see ,wordswor?'s edition ( ! ,vulgate on ?is passage4 #dg ,( ,fa!rs3--,ambrose i4 #abih--;,hi]onymus i4 #ddhb1 #fic1 #hgf3 ii4 #bac3 iv4 #cd1 #ib3 v4 #adg3 vi4 #fch3 vii4 #bda1 #bea1 #bhc1--;,augu/9e #cd times1--,optatus 7,gall&4 v4 #dgb1 #deg71--;,gaud5tius ,brix4 7ap4 ,sabat471--,*romatius ,ag4 7,gall4 viii4 #ccg71--,orosius 7ib4 ix4 #acd71 ,m>ius ,m4 7ib4 viii4 #fgb71 ,maximus ,taur4 7ib4 ix4 #cee71--,s$ulius 7ib4 #ege71--,leo ,m4 7ap4 ,sabat471--,mam]tus ,claudianus 7,gall4 x4 #dca71--,vigilius ,taps4 7ap4 ,sabat471--,zac*aeus 7,gall4 ix4 #bda71--;,caes>ius ,arel4 7ib4 xi4 #aa71--ps4-,ambros4 ii4 #cid1 #cif1--;,hormisdas ,p4 7,conc4 iv4 #adid1 #adif71--eb ,bps4 at #h? ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o 7,conc4 vi4 #cie71 c41 c4 #dh ,see ,wet/e9 on ?is place4 #di ,antiqq4 i4 #ii1 xviii4 #e4 #d4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,accid5tal ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption4 ,,ii4 ,homoeoteleuton4 ,no "o :o f9ds ! syllable ,greek3 ,,oi recurr+ six times ov] 9 ab\t z _m words1--e4g4 ,greek3 kai eg5eto1 hs apl?on 444 ,,oi angel,o,i1 kai ,,oi an?rp,o,i ,,oi p,o,imenes eipon1--is surpris$ to le>n t ,,mss4 ( a c]ta9 type exhibit s]i\s p]turbation 9 t place4 ,accord+ly1 ,,bl,symbol3 ,xi leave out ! words ,greek3 kai hoi an?rpoi2 & 9 t mutilat$ =m ! mod]n critical editors are cont5t$ to exhibit ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ae4 ,"o w\ld h suppos$ t ,tis*5dorf's eyes w\ld h be5 op5$ :5 he notic$ t 9 8 own ,codex 7,symbol3 ,aleph7 "o ^w m 7,greek3 hoi7 is dropp$1--:]eby nons5se is made ( ! passage 7viz4 ,greek3 hoi angeloi poim5es74 ,self-evid5t x is t a l9e ) a 'l end+' has be5 omitt$ by ! copyi/ ( "s v e>ly codex ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel2 :i* ei!r read1-- ,greek3 ,,oi ,,angeloi ,greek3 ,,oi ,,angeloi ,greek3 ,,kai ,,oi ,a,,no,i ,,oi or else ,greek3 ,,kai ,,oi ,a,,no,i ,greek3 ,,poim5es ,greek3 ,,oi ,,poim5es ,ano!r su* place is f\nd 9 ,/4 ,john vi4 #aa4 ,! ,evangeli/ c]ta9ly describ$ ! act ( our ,savi\r on a fam\s occasion 9 ! well-kn[n words1--,greek3 kai eu*>i/sas ,greek3 di$ke tois ma?tais1 oi de ma?tai tois anakeim5ois4 ,! "o suffici5t pro( t ,/4 ,john did s write1 be+ ! te/imony ( ! ,,mss4 ,moreov]1 we are expressly assur$ by ,/4 ,mat!w 7xiv4 #ai71 ,/4 ,m>k 7vi4 #da71 & ,/4 ,luke 7ix4 #af71 t our ,savi\r's act 0 p]=m$ 9 ?is way4 ,x is cle> h[ev] t "s scribe has suff]$ 8 eye to w&] f ,greek3 tois 9 l4 #b to ,greek3 tois 9 l4 #d1--:]eby ,/4 ,john is made to say t our ,savi\r himself di/ribut$ to ! #ejjj4 ,! blund] is a v anci5t "o2 = x has crept into ! ,syriac1 ,bohairic1 & ,go?ic v]sions1 besides _m copies ( ! ,old ,lat92 & has e/abli%$ itself 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,moreov] "s good ,fa!rs 7beg9n+ ) ,orig57 s quote ! place4 ,b su* evid5ce is unavail+ to support ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abl,symbol3 ,pi1 ! e>ly read+ ( ,symbol3 ,aleph be+ also contradict$ by ! f\r? h& 9 ! sev5? c5tury aga9/ ! great cl\d ( witnesses1--beg9n+ ) ,d & includ+ twelve o!r uncials1 beside ! body ( ! cursives1 ! ,e?iopic & two copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 z well z ,cyril ,alex4 ,inde$1 !re does n exi/ a s\rce ( error :i* has prov$ m fatal to ! transcrib]s ( ,,mss4 ?an ! proximity ( id5tical1 or ne>ly id5tical1 comb9ations ( lett]s4 ,& because ^! are g5]ally met ) 9 ! f9al syllables ( words1 ! error ref]r$ to is famili>ly kn[n by a ,greek "n :i* d5otes 'lik5ess ( end+' 7,homoeoteleuton74 ,! eye ( a scribe on rev]t+ f 8 copy to ! orig9al be=e him is ( necessity apt sometimes to alight on ! same ^w1 or :at looks l ! same ^w1 a little l[] d[n4 ,! consequ5ce is obvi\s4 ,all t %\ld h come 9 betwe5 gets omitt$1 or sometimes duplicat$4 ,x is obvi\s1 t h[ev] inconv5i5t x may prove to f9d oneself 9 ?is way defraud$ ( five1 t51 tw5ty1 p]haps ?irty words1 no v s]i\s consequ5ce = ! mo/ "p ensues4 ,nev]!less1 ! result is (t5 %e] nons5se4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 x is loyally admitt$ by all4 ,a s+le example may /& = a hundr$4 ,9 ,/4 ,john vi4 #ee1 t mo/ c>eless ( c>eless transcripts1 ! ,s9aitic ,symbol3 ,aleph1 omits on a mo/ sacr$ subject sev5 words1 & ! result h>dly admits ( be+ *>act]iz$4 ,let ! read] judge = himself4 ,! passage /&s ?us3--,greek3 h g> s>x m\ al?s e/i brsis1 kai to haima m\ al?s e/i posis4 ,! transcrib] ( ,symbol3 ,aleph by a v easy mi/ake let 8 eye pass f "o ,greek3 al?s to ano!r1 & *>act]i/ically en\gh ! v>i\s correctors all[$ ! error to rema9 till x 0 remov$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 ?\gh ! error issu$ 9 no?+ less ?an ',my ,fle% is dr9k inde$4' ,c\ld t ,,ms4 h und]gone ! te/ ( frequ5t use8 ,b x requires v little famili>ity ) ! subject to be aw>e t occasions mu/ inevitably be ev5 ( frequ5t occurr5ce :5 ! result is calamit\s1 & ev5 p]plex+1 9 ! extreme4 ,! writ+s ( ,apo/les & ,evangeli/s1 ! ,disc\rses ( our ,div9e ,"l ,himself1 ab\nd 9 %ort =mulae2 & ! int]v5+ matt] on su* occasions is con/antly an integral s5t5ce1 :i* occasionally may be discov]$ f its context )\t evid5t injury to ! g5]al mean+ ( ! place4 ,?us v]4 #ad 9 ,/4 ,matt1 xxiii4 0 omitt$ 9 an e>ly age1 ow+ to ! recurr5ce ( ,greek3 ouai hym9 at ! beg9n+1 by "s copyi/s1 & ! error 0 repeat$ 9 ! ,old ,lat9 v]sions4 ,x pass$ to ,egypt1 z "s ( ! ,bohairic copies1 ! ,sahidic1 & ,orig5 te/ify4 ,! ,vulgate is n q consi/5t3 & ( c\rse ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdlz1 a concord ( bad witnesses especially 9 ,/4 ,mat!w1 foll[ suit1 9 company ) ! ,arm5ian1 ! ,lewis1 & five or m cursives1 en\gh to make ! m emphatic ! condemnation by ! ma9 body ( !m4 ,besides ! v]dict ( ! cursives1 ?irte5 uncials 7z aga9/ five7 includ+ ,symbol3 ,phi & ,symbol3 ,sigma1 ! ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian1 ,e?iopic1 ,arabian1 "s ,,mss4 ( ! ,vulgate1 ) ,orig5 7iii4 #hch 7only 9 ,lat4772 ,*ryso/om 7vii4 #gjg 7bis72 ix4 #gee72 ,opus ,imp]f4 #ahe 7bis72 #ahf 7bis72 ,john ,damasc5e 7ii4 #eag72 ,!ophylact 7i4 #abd72 ,hil>y 7#hi2 #gbe72 ,j]ome 7iv4 #bgf2 v4 #eb2 vi4 #ach3 vii4 #ahe74 ,wor/ ( all1 x w sometimes ( necessity happ5 t su* an omission took place at an exce$+ly remote p]iod2 7= !re h be5 c>eless scribes 9 e age37 & 9 consequ5ce ! error is pretty sure to h propagat$ itself widely4 ,x is obs]v$ to exi/ 7suppose7 9 sev]al ( ! kn[n copies2 & if1--z v (t5 is ! case1--x is discov]able 9 two or m ( ! 'old uncials1' all hope ( its easy extirpation is at an end4 ,in/ead ( be+ loyally recogniz$ z a blund]1--:i* x cle>ly is1--x is =?) *>g$ ^u ! ,apo/le or ,evangeli/ z ! case may be4 ,9 o!r words1 x is tak5 = grant$ t ! clause 9 dispute c h _h no place 9 ! sacr$ autograph4 ,x is h5ce=? treat$ z an unau?oriz$ accretion to ! text4 ,q idle h5ce=? becomes ! appeal to ! n9ety-n9e copies out ( a hundr$ :i* conta9 ! miss+ words4 ,i proce$ to give an in/ance ( my mean+4 ,our ,savi\r1 hav+ decl>$ 7,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #i7 t :osoev] putte? away 8 wife ,greek3 ei m epi porneia1 kai gams alln1 moi*atai1--adds ,greek3 kai ho apolelym5n gamsas moi*atai4 ,^? five words are n f\nd 9 ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,dls1 nor 9 sev]al copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 nor 9 "s copies ( ! ,bohairic1 & ! ,sahidic4 ,tis*5dorf & ,tregelles accord+ly reject !m4 ,& yet x is p]fectly c]ta9 t ! words are g5u9e4 ,^? ?irty-"o lett]s probably =m$ ?ree l9es 9 ! olde/ copies ( all4 ,h5ce !y are obs]v$ to exi/ 9 ! ,syriac 7,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian & ,j]usalem71 ! ,vulgate1 "s copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 ! ,arm5ian1 & ! ,e?iopic1 besides at lea/ sev5te5 uncials 7includ+ ,b,symbol3 ,phi,symbol3 ,sigma71 & ! va/ majority ( ! cursives4 ,s t !re c be no "q ( ! g5u95ess ( ! clause4 ,a some:at grav] in/ance ( omission result+ f precisely ! same cause meets u a little fur!r on 9 ! same ,gospel4 ,! ?reefold recurr5ce ( ,greek3 tn 9 ! expression ,greek3 ,t,n psi*in ,t,n pipton,t,n 7,/4 ,luke xvi4 #ba71 has 7naturally en\gh7 result$ 9 ! dropp+ ( ! words ,greek3 psi*in tn out ( "s copies4 ,unhappily ! s5se is n de/roy$ by ! omission4 ,we are n surpris$ !re=e to discov] t ! words are want+ 9--,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl3 or to f9d t ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl are support$ "h by copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 & 7z usual7 by ! ,egyptian v]sions1 nor by ,clem5s ,alex4#ej & ! au?or ( ! ,dialogus#ea4 ,j]ome1 on ! o!r h&1 condemns ! ,lat9 read+1 & ! ,syriac ,v]sions are obs]v$ to approve ( ,j]ome's v]dict1 z well z ! ,go?ic4 ,b :at settles ! "q is ! fact t e kn[n ,greek ,,ms41 except ^? ?ree1 witnesses aga9/ ! omission3 besides ,ambrose#eb1 ,j]ome#ec1 ,eusebius#ed ,alex41 ,gregory#ee ,naz41 ,a/]ius#ef1 ,basil#eg1 ,ephraim#eh ,syr41 ,*ryso/om#ei1 & ,cyril#fj ( ,alex&ria4 ,p]plex+ x is not)/&+ to discov]1 & di/ress+ to h to record1 t all ! rec5t ,editors ( ! ,gospels are m or less agre$ 9 aboli%+ '! crumbs :i* fell f ! ri* man's table4' ,! =ego+ in/ances af=d specim5s ( ! influ5ce ( accid5tal causes ^u ! transmission f age to age ( ! ,text ( ! ,gospels4 ,be=e ! s5se ( ! exact expressions ( ! ,writt5 ,^w 0 impress$ ^u ! m9d ( ! ,*ur*1--:5 ! ,canon 0 n def9itely ackn[l$g$1 & ! halo ( antiquity _h n yet ga!r$ r\nd writ+s :i* _h be5 rec5tly compos$1--sev]e accuracy 0 n to be expect$4 ,errors w\ld be sure to arise1 especially f accid5t1 & e>ly ance/ors w\ld be c]ta9 to h a num]\s prog5y2 besides t evil w\ld increase1 & slight deviations w\ld give rise 9 ! c\rse ( natural developm5t to s]i\s & p]plex+ corruptions4 ,9 ! next *apt]1 o!r k9ds ( accid5tal causes w come "u consid]ation4 ,,footnotes3 #ej ,p4 #bcb4 #ea ,ap4 ,orig4 i4 #hbg4 #eb ,ambrose i4 #fei1 #adgc1 #adia3--places :i* %ew h[ insecure w\ld be an inf]5ce drawn f i4 #edc & #ffe4 #ec ,hi]on4 v4 #iff2 vi4 #ifi4 #ed ,ap4 ,mai ii4 #eaf1 #ebj4 #ee i4 #cgj4 #ef ,p4 #ab4 #eg ii4 #afi4 #eh ii4 #adb4 #ei i4 #gae1 #gbj2 ii4 #ffb 7bis7 #gfd2 vii4 #ggi4 #fj v#b4 #adi 7luc4 text1 #ebd74 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,accid5tal ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption4 ,,iii4 ,f ,writ+ 9 ,uncials4 #a4 ,corrupt read+s h occasionally result$ f ! anci5t practice ( writ+ ,scripture 9 ! uncial "*1 )\t acc5ts1 punctuation1 or inde$ any division ( ! text4 ,especially are !y f\nd 9 places :]e !re is some?+ unusual 9 ! /ructure ( ! s5t5ce4 ,/4 ,john iv4 #ce-f 7,greek3 leukai eisi pros !rismon d7 has suff]$ 9 ?is way1--ow+ to ! unusual position ( ,greek3 d4 ,c]ta9 ( ! scribes :o imag9$ t ,greek3 d might belong to v]4 #cf1 reject$ ! ,greek3 kai z sup]flu\s2 ?\gh no ,fa!r is kn[n to h be5 guilty ( su* a solecism4 ,o!rs1 aw>e t ,greek3 d c only belong to v]4 #ce1 7 n unwill+ to "p ) ! copula at ! beg9n+ ( v]4 #cf4 ,a few1 consid]+ bo? words ( d\btful au?ority1 reta9$ nei!r#fa4 ,9 ?is way x has come to pass t !re are f\r ways ( exhibit+ ?is place3--7a7 ,greek3 pros !rismon d4 ,kai ho !rizn3--7b7 ,greek3 pros !rismon4 d ho ?43--7c7 ,greek3 pros !rismon d4 ,ho !rizn3--7d7 ,greek3 pros !rismon4 ,ho !rizn1 k4t4l4 ,! only po9t ( importance h[ev] is ! position ( ,greek3 d3 :i* is claim$ = v]4 #ce by ! great mass ( ! copies3 z well z by ,orig5#fb1 ,eusebius#fc1 ,*ryso/om#fd1 ,cyril#fe1 ! ,vulgate1 ,j]ome ( c\rse1 & ! ,syriac4 ,! ,italic copies are hopelessly divid$ "h#ff3 & ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bm,symbol3 ,pi d n help u4 ,b ,greek3 d is claim$ = v]4 #cf by ,,cdel1 #cc1 & by ! ,curetonian & ,lewis 7 ,greek3 kai d ho !rizn73 :ile ,codex ,a is s+ul> 9 beg9n+ v]4 #cf1 ,greek3 d kai1--:i* %ews t "s e>ly copyi/1 ) ! correct text be=e him1 adopt$ a vici\s punctuation4 ,= !re c be no mann] ( d\bt t ! commonly receiv$ text & ! usual punctuation is ! true "o3 z1 on a c>eful review ( ! evid5ce1 e unprejudic$ read] w all[4 ,b rec5t critics are = leav+ out ,greek3 kai 7) ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcdl73 :ile ,tis*5dorf1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,tregelles 7m>g471 are = putt+ ! full /op aft] ,greek3 pros !rismon & 7) ,,acdl7 mak+ ,greek3 d beg9 ! next s5t5ce1--:i* 7z ,al=d f9ds out7 is cle>ly inadmissible4 #b4 ,sometimes ?is affects ! translation4 ,?us1 ! ,revis]s propose 9 ! p>able ( ! prodigal son1--',& ,i p]i% "h ) hung]6' ,b :y '"h8' ,because ,i answ]1 :]eas 9 ! e>lie/ copies ( ,/4 ,luke ! words /ood ?us1--,greek3 ,,eg,,delim,,apollymai1 "s c>eless scribe aft] writ+ ,greek3 ,,eg,,de1 r$uplicat$ ! ?ree la/ lett]s 7,greek3 ,,de73 he mi/ook !m = an indep5d5t ^w4 ,accord+ly 9 ! ,codex ,bezae1 9 ,r & ,u & ab\t t5 cursives1 we enc\nt] ,greek3 eg de de4 ,! inv5tive faculty hav+ ?us done its "w x rema9$ to sup]add 'transposition1' z 0 done by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl4 ,f ,greek3 eg de de lim1 ! s5t5ce has n[ develop$ into ,greek3 eg de lim de3 :i* approves itself to ,griesba* & ,s*ultz1 to ,la*mann & ,tis*5dorf & ,tregelles1 to ,alfoid & ,we/cott & ,hort1 & to ! ,revis]s4 ,a v anci5t blund]1 c]ta9ly1 ,greek3 eg de de is3 = x is f\nd 9 ! ,lat9#fg & ! ,syriac translations4 ,x mu/ !re=e date f ! second c5tury4 ,b x is a blund] not)/&+3 a blund] aga9/ :i* #af uncials & ! :ole body ( ! cursives be> emphatic witness#fh4 ,hav+ detect$ its orig91 we h next to trace its progress4 ,! inv5tors ( ,greek3 de or o!r scribes quickly saw t ?is ^w requires a correlative 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! s5t5ce4 ,accord+ly1 ! same primitive au?orities :i* advocate '"h1' are obs]v$ also to advocate1 above1 '9 my ,fa!r's h\se4' ,no extant ,greek copy is kn[n to conta9 ! bracket$ words 9 ! s5t5ce ,greek3 en t oik t\ patros m\3 b su* copies mu/ h exi/$ 9 ! second c5tury4 ,! ,pe%itto1 ! ,cureton & ,lewis recognize ! ?ree words 9 "q2 z well z copies ( ! ,lat9 ) :i* ,j]ome#fi1 ,augu/9e#gj & ,cassian#ga 7 acqua9t$4 ,! phrase '9 domo patris mei' has accord+ly e/abli%$ itself 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,b surely we ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& :o h be5 hi!rto sp>$ ?is second blund]1 may reasonably 7at ! end ( #agjj ye>s7 refuse to take ! fir/ d[nw>d /ep4 ,our ,"l int5d$ no contra/ :atev] betwe5 two localities--b betwe5 two p>ties4 ,! com=table e/ate ( ! hir$ s]vants ,he set aga9/ ! abject mis]y ( ! ,son3 n ! h\se :]e9 ! s]vants dwelt1 & ! spot :]e ! poor prodigal 0 /&+ :5 he came to a bett] m9d4--,^! are _m words2 b ,i "k n h[ to be brief]4 ,&1--:at is wor?y ( discussion1 if n ! utt]ances ( '! ,^w made fle%8' ,if hesitation to accept ! =ego+ v]dict l+]s 9 any qu>t]1 x ought to be dispell$ by a glance at ! context 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl4 ,:at else b ! in/9ct ( a tra9$ und]/&+ is x to survey ! neighb\rhood ( a place l ! pres5t8 ,accord+ly1 we discov] t 9 v]4 #af1 = ,greek3 gemisai tn koilian aut\ apo1 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdlr pres5t u ) ,greek3 *orta/hnai ek3 & 9 v]4 #bb1 ! prodigal1 on v ne>ly ! same au?ority 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdux71 is made to say to 8 fa!r1--,greek3 ,poison me hs h5a tn mi/hin s\3 ,:i* c]ta9ly he did n say#gb4 ,moreov]1 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,blx & ! ,old ,lat9 are = ?ru/+ 9 ,greek3 ta*y 7,d ,greek3 ta*es7 aft] ,greek3 ex55kate4 ,are n ^! "o & all confess$ly fabricat$ read+s8 ! infelicit\s attempts ( "s well-mean+ critic to improve ^u ! inspir$ orig9al8 ,f ! fact t ?ree words 9 ,/4 ,john v4 #dd 7 9 ! olde/ ,,mss4 writt5 ?us1--,greek3 ,,mon\?u\ 7i4e4 ,greek3 mon\ ,!\ ou71 ! middle ^w 7,greek3 !\7 got omitt$ f "s v e>ly copies2 :]eby ! s5t5ce is made to run ?us 9 ,engli%1--',& seek n ! hon\r :i* come? f ! only ,"o4' ,x is s t ,orig5#gc1 ,eusebius#gd1 ,didymus#ge1 besides ! two be/ copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 exhibit ! place4 ,z to ,greek ,,mss41 ! error survives only 9 ,b at ! pres5t day1 ! pres]v] ( an ,alex&rian error4 #c4 ,/4 ,luke expla9s 7,acts xxvii4 #ad7 t x 0 ! 'typhonic w9d call$ ,euroclydon' :i* caus$ ! %ip 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul & he sail$ pa/ ,crete to incur ! 'h>m & loss' s graphically describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt] b "o ( ! ,acts4 ,t w9d is m5tion$ n[h]e b 9 ?is "o place4 ,its "n h[ev] is suffici5tly intelligible2 be+ comp\nd$ ( ,greek3 ,euros1 ! 's\?-ea/ w9d1' & ,greek3 klydn1 'a tempe/3' a comp\nd :i* happily survives intact 9 ! ,pe%itto v]sion4 ,! ,syriac translator1 n kn[+ :at ! ^w meant1 copi$ :at he saw1--'! bla/' 7he says7 '( ! tempe/#gf1 :i* bla/ is call$ ,tophonikos ,euroklidon4' ,n s ! lic5ti\s scribes ( ! ,we/4 ,!y insi/$ on extract+ out ( ! actual ',euroclydon1' ! imag9>y "n ',euro-aquilo1' :i* accord+ly /&s to ?is day 9 ! ,vulgate4 7,n t ,j]ome himself s read ! "n ( ! w9d1 or he w\ld h>dly h expla9$ ',eurielion' or ',euriclion' to mean 'commisc5s1 sive deorsum duc5s#gg4'7 ,( ?is feat ( !irs1 ,codexes ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,a 79 :i* ,greek3 ,,euroklud,n has be5 p]v]t$ into ,greek3 ,,eurakul,n7 are at ?is day ! sole surviv+ ,greek witnesses4 ,well may ! evid5ce = ',euro-aquilo' be scanty6 ,! fabricat$ ^w collapses ! in/ant x is exam9$4 ,nautical m5 po9t out t x is 'inconsi/5t 9 its con/ruction ) ! pr9ciples on :i* ! names ( ! int]m$iate or comp\nd w9ds are fram$3'-- ',euronotus is s call$ z int]v5+ imm$iately betwe5 ,eurus & ,notus1 & z p>tak+1 z 0 ?\ght1 ( ! qualities ( bo?4 ,! same holds true ( ,libonotus1 z be+ int]pos$ betwe5 ,libs & ,notus4 ,bo? ^! comp\nd w9ds lie 9 ! same qu>t] or quadrant ( ! circle ) ! w9ds ( :i* !y are compos$1 & no o!r w9d int]v5es4 ,b ,eurus & ,aquilo are at #ij di/ance f "o ano!r2 or accord+ to "s writ]s1 at #aje2 ! =m] ly+ 9 ! s\?-ea/ qu>t]1 & ! latt] 9 ! nor?-ea/3 & two w9ds1 "o ( :i* is ! ,ea/ c>d9al po9t1 int]v5e1 z ,caecias & ,subsolanus#gh4' ,fur!r1 :y %\ld ! w9d be designat$ by an impossible ,lat9 "n8 ,! %ip 0 'a %ip ( ,alex&ria' 7v]4 #f74 ,! sailors 7 ,greeks4 ,:at bus9ess has ',aquilo' "h8 ,next1 if ! w9d did be> ! "n ( ',euro-aquilo1' :y is x introduc$ 9 ?is m>k$ way 7,greek3 anemos typhnikos1 ho kal\m5os7 z if x 7 a k9d ( curiosity8 ,su* a "n w\ld utt]ly miss ! po9t1 :i* is ! viol5ce ( ! w9d z express$ 9 ! t]m ,euroclydon4 ,b above all1 if ,/4 ,luke wrote ,greek3 ,,eurak-1 h[ has x come to pass t e copyi/ b ?ree has writt5 ,greek3 ,,eurok-8 ,! te/imony ( ,b is memorable4 ,! orig9al scribe wrote ,greek3 ,,eurakud,n#gi3 ! secunda mantis has correct$ ?is into ,greek3 ,,euryklud,n1--:i* is also ! read+ ( ,eu?alius#hj4 ,! ess5tial circum/ance is1 t n ,greek3 ,,ul,n b ,greek3 ,,ud,n has all along be5 ! la/ half ( ! ^w 9 ,codex ,b#ha4 ,9 ,/4 ,john iv4 #ae1 on ! au?ority ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,b1 ,tis*5dorf adopts ,greek3 di]*e/hai 79 place ( ! uncomp\nd$ v]b71 assign+ z 8 reason1 t ',if ,/4 ,john _h writt5 ,greek3 er*e/hai1 no "o w\ld ev] h sub/itut$ ,greek3 di]*e/hai = x4' ,b to con/ruct ! text ( ,scripture on su* consid]ations1 is to build a ligh?\se on a quicks&4 ,i c\ld h ref]r$ ! le>n$ ,critic to pl5ty ( places :]e ! ?+ he speaks ( z incr$ible has be5 done4 ,! pro( t ,/4 ,john us$ ! uncomp\nd$ v]b is ! fact t x is f\nd 9 all ! copies except our two untru/wor?y fri5ds4 ,! explanation ( ,greek3 ,d,ierchmai is suffici5tly acc\nt$ = by ! f9al syllable 7,greek3 ,,de7 ( ,greek3 mde :i* imm$iately prec$es4 ,simil>ly b )\t ! same excuse1 ,/4 ,m>k x4 #af ,greek3 eulogei has become ,greek3 kateulogei 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc74 xii4 #ag ,greek3 ?aumasan ,greek3 eze?aumasan 7,symbol3 ,aleph,b74 xiv4 #dj ,greek3 beb>m5oi ,greek3 katabeb>m5oi 7,a,symbol3 ,aleph,b74 ,x is impossible to d\bt t ,greek3 kai 79 mod]n critical editions ( ,/4 ,luke xvii4 #cg7 is indebt$ = its exi/5ce to ! same cause4 ,9 ! phrase ,greek3 ekei syna*?sontai hoi aetoi x might h be5 pr$ict$ t ! la/ syllable ( ,greek3 ekei w\ld "s day be mi/ak5 = ! conjunction4 ,& s x has actually come to pass4 ,greek3 ,,kai oi aetoi is met ) 9 _m anci5t au?orities4 ,b ,symbol3 ,aleph,,lb also transpos$ ! clauses1 & sub/itut$ ,greek3 episyna*?sontai = ,greek3 syna*?sontai4 ,! self-same casualty1 viz4 ,greek3 kai elicit$ out ( ! ins]tion ( ,greek3 ekei & ! transposition ( ! clauses1 is discov]able among ! ,cursives at ,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #bh1--! p>allel place3 :]e by ! way ! old uncials di/+ui% !mselves by yet grav] ecc5tricities#hb4 ,h[ c we z judici\s critics ev] ?9k ( di/urb+ ! text ( ,scripture on evid5ce s prec>i\s z ?is8 ,x is propos$ t we %\ld h5ce=? read ,/4 ,matt4 xxii4 #bc z foll[s3--',on t day !re came to ,him ,sadducees say+ t !re is no ,resurrection4' ,a new incid5t w\ld be 9 ?is way introduc$ into ! ,gospel n>rative3 result+ f a novel read+ ( ! passage4 ,in/ead ( ,greek3 hoi legontes1 we are invit$ to read ,greek3 legontes1 on ! au?ority ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdmszp & sev]al ( ! ,cursives1 besides ,orig51 ,me?odius1 ,epiphanius4 ,?is is a respectable array4 ,!re is nev]!less a va/ prepond]ance ( numb]s 9 fav\r ( ! usual read+1 :i* is also f\nd 9 ! ,old ,lat9 copies & 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,b surely ! discov]y t 9 ! p>allel ,gospels x is-- ,greek3 hoit9es leg\s9 ana/as9 m e9ai 7,/4 ,m>k xii4 #ah7 & ,greek3 hoi antilegontes ana/as9 m e9ai 7,/4 ,luke xx4 #bg7 may be consid]$ z decisive 9 a case l ! pres5t4 ,sure ,i am t x w be s reg>d$ by any "o :o has paid close att5tion to ! me?od ( ! ,evangeli/s4 ,add t ! orig9 ( ! mi/ake is se51 ! in/ant ! words are inspect$ z !y mu/ h /ood 9 an uncial copy3 ,greek3 ,,sadd\kaioioilegontes & really no?+ m requires to be said4 ,! second ,greek3 ,,oi 0 safe to be dropp$ 9 a collocation ( lett]s l t4 ,x might also h be5 anticipat$1 t !re w\ld be f\nd copyi/s to be confus$ by ! antec$5t ,greek3 ,,kai4 ,accord+ly ! ,pe%itto1 ,lewis1 & ,curetonian r5d] ! place 'et dic5tes2' %ew+ t !y mi/ook ,greek3 ,,kai ,,oi ,,legontes = a sep>ate phrase4 #d4 ,! t]m9ation ,greek3 ,,to 79 c]ta9 t5ses ( ! v]b71 :5 foll[$ by ! neut] article1 naturally leads to confusion2 sometimes to unc]ta9ty4 ,9 ,/4 ,john v4 #d = in/ance1 :]e we read 9 our copies ,greek3 kai et>asse to hydr1 b s _m ,,mss4 read ,greek3 et>asseto1 t x becomes a p]plex+ "q :i* read+ to foll[4 ,! s5se 9 ei!r case is excell5t3 ! only diff]5ce be+ :e!r ! ,evangeli/ actually says t ! ,angel 'tr\bl$' ! wat]1 or leaves x to be inf]r$ f ! circum/ance t aft] ! ,angel _h desc5d$1 /raightway ! wat] '0 tr\bl$4' ,! "q becomes less difficult ( decision :5 7z 9 ,/4 ,luke vii4 #ba7 we h to decide betwe5 two expressions ,greek3 e*>isato blepe9 7:i* is ! read+ ( ,symbol3 ,aleph99,,abdeg & #aa o!r uncials7 & ,greek3 e*>isato to blepe9 :i* is only support$ by ,symbol3 ,alephb,,elva4 ,! bulk ( ! ,cursives fai?fully ma9ta9 ! =m] read+1 & m]ge ! article 9 ! v]b4 ,ak9 to ! =ego+ are all ^? in/ances1--& !y are lit]ally )\t numb]--1 :]e ! proximity ( a l end+ has be5 ! fruitful cause ( error4 ,let me expla93 = ?is is a matt] :i* _c be too ?or\ghly appreh5d$4 ,su* a collection ( words z ! foll[+ two in/ances exhibit w %ew my mean+4 ,9 ! expression ,greek3 e/hta lampran anepemps5 7,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #aa71 we are n surpris$ to f9d ! fir/ syllable ( ! v]b 7,greek3 an7 absorb$ by ! la/ syllable ( ! imm$iately prec$+ ,greek3 lampran4 ,accord+ly1 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,lr support$ by "o copy ( ! ,old ,lat9 & a s+le cursive ,,ms4 concur 9 display+ ,greek3 epemps5 9 ?is place4 ,! lett]s ,greek3 ,,naik,,naikai 9 ! expression 7,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #bg7 ,greek3 gynaikn hai kai 7 safe to produce confusion4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ?ree words c\ld ( c\rse take c>e ( itself4 7,?\gh ,d1 ) "s ( ! ,v]sions1 make x into ,greek3 gynaikes47 ,n s h[ev] :at foll[s4 ,,abcdlx & ! ,old ,lat9 7except c7 drop ! ,greek3 kai3 ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,c drop ! ,greek3 ai4 ,! tru? re/s ) ! f\rte5 rema9+ uncials & ) ! cursives4 ,?us also ! read+ ,greek3 en ol t ,galilaia 7,b7 9 ,/4 ,matt4 iv4 #bc1 7adopt$ by ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort & ! ,revis]s17 is due simply to ! r$uplication on ! "p ( "s inatt5tive scribe ( ! la/ two lett]s ( ! imm$iately prec$+ ^w1--,greek3 p]ig54 ,! receiv$ read+ ( ! place is ! correct "o1--,greek3 kai p]ig5 holn tn ,galilaian ho ,is\s1 because ! fir/ five words are s exhibit$ 9 all ! ,copies except ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,c2 & ^? ?ree ,,mss4 are obs]v$ to diff] z usual f "o ano!r1--:i* ought to be deem$ fatal to _! evid5ce4 ,?us1 ,b reads ,greek3 kai p]ig5 en holi ti ,galilaiai4 ,symbol3 ,aleph ,greek3 kai p]ig5 ho is en ti ,galilaiai4 ,c ,greek3 kai p]ig5 ho is en hol ti ,galilaiai4 ,b--7,i %all be ask$7--:at ab\t ! position ( ! ,sacr$ ,"n8 ,h[ comes x to pass t ,greek3 ho ,is\s1 :i* comes aft] ,greek3 ,galilaian 9 almo/ e o!r kn[n copy1 %\ld come aft] ,greek3 p]ig5 9 ?ree ( ^! v5]able au?orities 79 ,d z well z 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,c71 & 9 ! ,lat91 ,pe%itto1 ,lewis1 & ,h>kleian8 ,tis*5dorf1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort & ! ,revis]s at all ev5ts 7:o simply foll[ ,b 9 leav+ out ,greek3 ho ,is\s altoge!r7 w n ask me ?is "q3 b a ?\ghtful inquir] is sure to ask x4 ,! phrase 7,i reply7 is d]iv$ by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,cd f ! tw9 place 9 ,/4 ,mat!w 7ix4 #ce7 :i* 9 all ! ,,mss4 beg9s ,greek3 kai p]ig5 ho is4 ,s famili> _h ?is ord] ( ! words become1 t ! scribe ( ,symbol3 ,aleph1 7a circum/ance by ! way ( :i* ,tis*5dorf takes no notice17 has ev5 introduc$ ! expression into ,/4 ,m>k vi4 #f1--! p>allel place 9 ! second ,gospel1--:]e ,greek3 ho is cle>ly has no bus9ess4 ,i ent] into ^! m9ute details because only 9 ?is way is ! subject be=e u to be ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,?is is ano!r in/ance :]e '! ,old ,uncials' %ew _! text to be corrupt2 s = assurance 9 respect ( accuracy ( detail we mu/ resort to ! ,cursive ,copies4 #e4 ,! introduction ( ,greek3 apo 9 ! place ( ,greek3 hagioi made by ! ',revis]s' into ! ,greek ,text ( #b ,pet] i4 #ba1--;d]ives its orig9 f ! same prolific s\rce4 7#a7 "s v anci5t scribe mi/ook ! fir/ f\r lett]s ( ,greek3 agioi = ,greek3 apo4 ,x 0 b ! mi/ak+ ( ,greek3 ,,agio = ,greek3 ,,apo4 ,at ! end ( #agjj ye>s1 ! only ,copies :i* witness to ?is de=mity are ,,bp ) f\r cursives1--9 opposition to ,symbol3 ,aleph,,akl & ! :ole body ( ! cursives1 ! ,vulgate#hc & ! ,h>kleian4 ,eu?alius knew no?+ ( x#hd4 ,obvi\s x 01 next1 = "s "o 9 p]plexity1--7#b7 to introduce bo? read+s 7,greek3 apo & ,greek3 hagioi7 into ! text4 ,accord+ly ,greek3 apo ,!\ hagioi is f\nd 9 ,c1 two cursives1 & ,didymus#he4 ,!n1 7#c71 ano!r v>iant crops up1 7viz4 ,greek3 hypo = ,greek3 apo--b only because ,greek3 hypo w5t imm$iately be=e72 ( :i* fre% blund] 7,greek3 hypo ,!\ hagioi7 ,!ophylact is ! sole patron#hf4 ,! consequ5ce ( all ?is might h be5 =ese53 7#d7 x came to pass t f a few ,codexes1 bo? ,greek3 apo & ,greek3 agioi 7 left out1--:i* acc\nts = ! read+ ( c]ta9 copies ( ! ,old ,lat9#hg4 ,unaw>e h[ ! blund] began1 ,tis*5dorf & 8 foll[]s claim '7#b7'1 '7#c7'1 & '7#d7'1 z pro(s t '7#a7' is ! "r read+3 &1 by consequ5ce1 in/ead ( 'holy m5 ( ,god spake1' require u to read 'm5 spake f ,god1' :i* is wood5 & vapid4 ,is x n cle> t a read+ atte/$ by only ,,bp & f\r cursive copies mu/ /& self-condemn$8 ,ano!r excell5t specim5 ( ?is class ( error is furni%$ by ,heb4 vii4 #a4 ,in/ead ( ,greek3 ,ho synantsas ,abraam--said ( ,mel*iz$ek1--,symbol3 ,aleph,,abd exhibit ,greek3 ,,os4 ,! :ole body ( ! copies1 head$ by ,,clp1 are aga9/ !m#hh1--;besides ,*ryso/om#hi1 ,!odoret#ij1 ,damasc5e#ia4 ,x is ne$less to d m ?an /ate h[ ?is read+ arose4 ,! initial lett] ( ,greek3 synantsas has be5 r$uplicat$ ?r\gh c>eless transcription3 ,greek3 ,,ossyn--in/ead ( ,greek3 ,,osyn--4 ,t is all4 ,b ! in/ructive feature ( ! case is t x is 9 ! f\r olde/ ( ! uncials t ?is palpable blund] is f\nd4 #f4 ,i h res]v$ = ! la/ a specim5 :i* is second to none 9 sugge/iv5ess4 ',:om w ye t ,i release unto y8' ask$ ,pilate on a memorable occasion#ib3 & we all rememb] h[ 8 enquiry proce$s4 ,b ! discov]y is made t1 9 an e>ly age !re exi/$ copies ( ! ,gospel :i* proce$$ ?us1--',jesus :o is call$#ic ,b>abbas1 or ,jesus :o is call$ ,*ri/8' ,orig5 s quotes ! place1 b ',9 _m copies1' he proce$s1 'm5tion is n made t ,b>abbas 0 also call$ ,jesus3 & ^? copies may p]haps be "r1--else w\ld ! "n ( ,jesus belong to "o ( ! wick$1--( :i* no in/ance occurs 9 any "p ( ! ,bible3 nor is x fitt+ t ! "n ( ,jesus %\ld l ,judas h be5 borne by sa9t & s9n] alike4 ,i ?9k1' ,orig5 adds1 'some?+ ( ?is sort mu/ h be5 an int]polation ( ! h]etics#id4' ,f ?is we are cle>ly int5d$ to inf] t ',jesus ,b>abbas' 0 ! prevail+ read+ ( ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ag 9 ! "t ( ,orig51 a circum/ance :i*--besides t a multitude ( copies exi/$ z well z ^? ( ,orig5--= ! be/ ( reasons1 we take leave to pron\nce incr$ible#ie4 ,! sum ( ! matt] is probably ?is3--,"s inatt5tive second c5tury copyi/ probably a ,we/]n ,translator into ,syriac :o 0 an indiff]5t ,greek s*ol> mi/ook ! f9al syllable ( 'unto y' 7,greek3 ,,um97 = ! ^w ',jesus' 7,greek3 ,,973 9 o!r words1 c>elessly r$uplicat$ ! la/ two lett]s ( ,greek3 ,,um91--f :i*1 /range to say1 results ! =m ( inquiry notic$ at ! outset4 ,orig5 caught sight ( ! extravagance1 & condemn$ x ?\gh he fanci$ x to be preval5t1 & ! ?+ slept = #aejj ye>s4 ,!n ab\t j fifty ye>s ago ,drs4 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf & ,tregelles began to con/ruct t 'fabric ( ,textual ,criticism' :i* has be5 ! cause ( ! pres5t treatise ?\gh inde$ ,tis*5dorf does n adopt ! sugge/ion ( ^? few ab]rant cursives :i* is support$ by no surviv+ uncial1 & 9 fact advocates ! v orig9 ( ! mis*ief :i* has be5 j describ$4 ,b1 z e "o mu/ see1 'su* ?+s z ^! are n 'read+s' at all1 nor ev5 ! "w ( '! h]etics2' b simply transcriptional mi/akes4 ,h[ ,dr4 ,hort1 admitt+ ! blund]1 yet pleads t '?is rem>kable read+ is attractive by ! new & int]e/+ fact :i* x seems to atte/1 & by ! anti!tic =ce :i* x seems to add to ! "q 9 v]4 #ag1' is m ?an we c und]/&4 ,to u ! expression seems mo/ repulsive4 ,no 'anti!tic =ce' c outweigh our dislike to ! idea t ,b>abbas 0 our ,savi\r's namesake6 ,we pref] ,orig5's acc\nt1 ?\gh he mi/ook ! cause1 to t ( ! mod]n critic4 ,,footnotes3 #fa ,x is cle>ly unsafe to draw any inf]5ce f ! m]e omission ( ,greek3 d 9 v]4 #ce1 by ^? ,fa!rs :o d n %ew h[ !y w\ld h began v]4 #cf--;z ,eusebius 7see bel[1 note #b71 ,!odoret 7i4 #acih3 ii4 #bcc71 & ,hil>y 7#gh4 #ddc4 #ida4 #ajda74 #fb i4 #bai3 iii4 #aeh3 iv4 #bdh1 #bej bis1 #bea bis1 #beb1 #bec1 #bee bis1 #bef1 #beg4 ,also iv4 #ddj note1 :i* catox iv4 #ba4 #fc dem4 #ddj4 ,b n 9 cs4 #dbf3 !oph4 #bfb1 #bge4 #fd vii4 #dhh1 #ffb3 ix4 #cb4 #fe i4 #cig4 #ih4 7,palladius7 #faa3 iii4 #eg4 ,s also 9 iv4 #aii1 ,greek3 etoimos d pros to pi/eue94 #ff ,ambrose1 ii4 #bgi1 has ',et qui metit4' ,ir54int sub/itutes 'nam' = 'et1' & omits 'jam4' ,j]ome #i times introduces 'jam' be=e 'albae sunt4' ,s ,aug4 7iii4#b #dag73 b else:]e 7iv4 #fci3 v4 #eca7 he omits ! ^w altoge!r4 #fg ',hic' is n recogniz$ 9 ,ambrose4 ,app5d4 ii4 #cfg4 #fh ,! ,fa!rs r5d] u v little help "h4 ,ps4-,*rys4 twice 7viii4 #cd3 x4 #hch7 has ,greek3 eg de de3 once 7viii4 #aec7 n4 ,john ,damasc5e 7ii4 #egi7 is )\t ! ,greek3 de4 #fi i4 #gf3 vi4 #af 7n vi4 #dhd74 #gj iii4#b #bei 7n v4 #eaa74 #ga p4 #dje4 #gb ,! prodigal 0 prep>$ to say ?is2 b 8 fa!r's k9dness /opp$ him3--a feature 9 ! acc\nt :i* ! ,codexes 9 "q ignore4 #gc iii4 #fhg4 ,b 9 i4 #bbh & #bei he recognizes ,greek3 !\4 #gd ,ap4 ,mai vii4 #ace4 #ge ,praep4 xiii4 #f1--;,greek3 mon\ t\ h5os 7vol4 ii4 #bid74 #gf ,same ^w occurs 9 ,/4 ,m>k iv4 #cg4 #gg iii4 #aja4 #gh ,falcon]'s ,diss]tation on ,/4 ,paul's ,voyage1 pp4 #af & #ab4 #gi ,let ! le>n$ ,v]cellone be he>d on behalf ( ,codex ,b3 ',antequam manum de tabul amoveamus1 e re =e videtur1 si1 ipso codice ,vaticano inspecto1 duos injectos scrupulos eximamus4 ,cl4 ,tis*5dorfius 9 nup]rim su editione scribit 7,proleg4 p4 cclxxv71 ,maium ad ,act4 xxvii4 #ad1 codici ,vaticano tribuisse a prim manu ,greek3 euraklydn2 nos v]o ,greek3 eurakydn2 atque subjungit1 utrumque1 ut videtur1 male4 ,at1 quidquid vid]i possit1 c]tum nobis exploratumque e/ ,vaticanum codicem primo habuisse ,greek3 eurakydn1 pr\t expressum fuit tum 9 tabella qu ,maius ,bir*ianas lectiones notavit1 tum 9 alt] qu nos errata corrig5da rec5suimus4'--,prfatio to ,mai's #bnd ed4 ( ! ,cod4 ,vaticanus1 #ahei 7#hvo71 p4 v4 vi4 ,any "o may n[ see ?is 9 ! photograph$ copy4 #hj ,ap4 ,gall&4 x4 #bbe4 #ha ,rem>k t "s vici\s sections evid5tly ow$ _! orig9 to ! copyi/ kn[+ m ( ,lat9 ?an ( ,greek4 ,true1 t ! comp\nds euronotus euroau/] exi/ 9 ,lat94 ,t is ! reason :y ! ,lat9 translator 7n und]/&+ ! ^w7 r5d]$ x ,euroaquilo3 in/ead ( writ+ ,euraquilo4 ,i h no d\bt t x 0 "s ,lat9 copyi/ :o began ! mis*ief4 ,l ! man :o wrote ,greek3 ep' aut t phor = ,greek3 ep' autophr4 ,read+s ( ,euroclydon ,greek3 ,,eurakyd,n ,b 7sic7 ,greek3 ,,eurakyl,n ,symbol3 ,aleph,a ,greek3 ,,eurak,l,n ,greek3 ,,eutrak,l,n ,greek3 ,,eurakl,d,n ,pe%itto4 ,greek3 ,,eurakykl,n ,euroaquilo ,vulg4 ,greek3 ,,euroklyd,n ,,hlp ,greek3 ,,euraklyd,n ,syr4 ,h>kl4 ,greek3 ,,euryklyd,n ,b#b man4 #hb ,greek3 ,op\ 7,greek3 ou ,symbol3 ,aleph7 ,greek3 g> 7--,greek3 g> ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl7 ,greek3 ean 7,greek3 an ,d7 ,greek3 to ptma 7,greek3 sma ,symbol3 ,aleph74 #hc ,sancti ,dei hom9es4 #hd ,ap4 ,gall&4 x4 #bcf a4 #he ,tr94 #bcd4 #hf iii4 #chi4 #hg ',locuti sunt hom9es ,d4' #hh ,_! only support]s seem to be ,k i4e4 ,paul #aag 7,mat?aei's 71 #ag1 #ei publi%$ 9 full by ,cram]1 vii4 #bjb1 #acg ,rei*e1 p4 #fj4 ,:y does ,tis*5dorf quote besides ,e ( ,paul1 :i* is no?+ else b a copy ( ,d ( ,paul8 #hi ,*rys4 xii4 #abj b1 #aba a4 #ij ,!odoret1 iii4 #ehd4 #ia ,j4 ,damasc5e1 ii4 #bdj c4 #ib ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ag4 #ic ,cf4 ,greek3 ho legom5os ,b>abbas4 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #g4 #id ,int4 iii4 #iah c d4 #ie ,on ! two o!r occasions :5 ,orig5 quotes ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ag 7i4 #caf a & ii4 #bde a7 no?+ is said ab\t ',jesus ,b>abbas4'-- ,allud+ to ! place1 he else:]e 7iii4 #hec d7 m]ely says t ',secundum quosdam ,b>abbas dicebatur et ,jesus4'--,! au?or ( a well-kn[n s*olion1 ascrib$ to ,ana/asius1 ,bp4 ( ,antio*1 b qu]y1 = see ,migne1 vol4 lxxxix4 p4 #aceb b c 7 ,gall&4 xii4 #bec c71 & #afjd a1 decl>es t he _h f\nd ! same /atem5t '9 v e>ly copies4' ,! s*olion 9 "q is fir/ cit$ by ,bir* 7,v>r4 ,lectt4 p4 #aaj7 f ! foll[+ ,,mss43--,s1 #ajh1 #abi1 #acg1 #ach1 #adc1 #adf1 #aha1 #ahf1 #aie1 #aig1 #aii or #bjj1 #bji1 #baj1 #bba1 #bbb3 to :i* ,s*olz adds #da1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bec1 #bei1 #bii3 ,tis*5dorf adds #a1 #aah4 ,9 ,gall&ius 7,bibl4 ,p4 ,p4 xiv4 #ha d e1 ,app5d471 ! s*olion may be se5 m fully giv5 ?an by ,bir*1--f :om ,tregelles & ,tis*5dorf copy x4 ,!ophylact 7p4 #aef a7 mu/ h se5 ! place z quot$ by ,gall&ius4 ,! only evid5ce1 s f> z ,i c f9d1 = read+ ',jesus ,b>abbas' 79 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #af1 #ag7 are five disreputable ,evangelia #a1 #aah1 #bji1 #bda1 #bii1--! ,arm5ian ,v]sion1 ! ,j]usalem ,syriac1 & ! ,s9ai ,syriac2 7see ,adl]1 pp4 #agb-c74 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,accid5tal ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption4 ,,iv4 ,itacism4 ,x has be5 already %ewn 9 ! ,fir/ ,volume t ! ,art ( ,transcription on vellum did n rea* p]fection till aft] ! lapse ( _m c5turies 9 ! life ( ! ,*ur*4 ,ev5 9 ! m9ute elem5ts ( writ+ mu* unc]ta9ty prevail$ dur+ a great numb] ( successive ages4 ,x by no means foll[$ t1 if a scribe possess$ a correct auricul> k ( ! ,text1 he w\ld !re=e exhibit x correctly on p>*m5t4 ,copies 7 l>gely disfigur$ ) misspelt words4 ,& v[els especially 7 int]*ang$2 accord+ly1 su* *ange became 9 _m in/ances ! cause ( corruption1 & is kn[n 9 ,textual ,criticism "u ! "n ',itacism4' #a4 ,x may seem to a casual read] t 9 :at foll[s undue att5tion is be+ paid to m9ute p>ticul>s4 ,b x con/antly happ5s1--& ?is is a suffici5t answ] to ! suppos$ objection1--t1 f exce$+ly m9ute & seem+ly trivial mi/akes1 !re result sometimes consid]able & inde$ s]i\s misrepres5tations ( ! ,_s's mean+4 ,new incid5ts3--unhe>d-( /atem5ts3--facts z yet unkn[n to read]s ( ,scripture3--p]v]sions ( our ,"l's ,div9e say+s3--su* ph5om5a are obs]v$ to foll[ ^u ! omission ( ! article1--! ins]tion ( an expletive1--! *ange ( a s+le lett]4 ,?us ,greek3 pal91 ?ru/ 9 :]e x has no bus9ess1 makes x appe> t our ,savi\r promis$ to return ! ass on :i* ,he rode 9 triumph into ,j]usalem#if4 ,by writ+ ,greek3 = ,greek3 o1 _m critics h transf]r$ "s words f ! lips ( ,*ri/ to ^? ( ,8 ,evangeli/1 & made ,him say :at ,he nev] c\ld h dream$ ( say+#ig4 ,by subjo9+ ,greek3 s to a ^w 9 a place :i* x has no "r to fill1 ! h>mony ( ! heav5ly *oir has be5 m>r$ effectually1 & a s5t5ce produc$ :i* defies translation#ih4 ,by omitt+ ,greek3 t & ,greek3 ,kyrie1 ! rep5t+ malefactor is made to say1 ',jesus6 rememb] me1 :5 ,?\ come/ 9 ,?y k+dom#ii4' ,speak+ ( our ,savi\r's triumphal entry into ,j]usalem1 :i* took place '! day aft]' '!y made ,him a supp]' & ,laz>us ':i* _h be5 dead1 :om ,he rais$ f ! dead1' 'sat at ! table ) ,him' 7,/4 ,john xii4 #a1 #b71 ,/4 ,john says t '! multitude :i* _h be5 ) ,him :5 ,he call$ ,laz>us out ( ! tomb & rais$ ,him f ! dead b>e te/imony' 7,/4 ,john xii4 #ag74 ,! mean+ ( ?is is be/ und]/ood by a ref]5ce to ,/4 ,luke xix4 #cg1 #ch1 :]e x is expla9$ t x 0 ! sight ( s _m acts ( ,div9e ,p[]1 ! *iefe/ ( all be+ ! rais+ ( ,laz>us1 :i* mov$ ! cr[ds to yield ! memorable te/imony record$ by ,/4 ,luke 9 v]4 #ch1--;by ,/4 ,john 9 v]4 #acajj4 ,b ,tis*5dorf & ,la*mann1 :o on ! au?ority ( ,d & f\r lat] uncials read ,greek3 hoti in/ead ( ,greek3 hote1 import into ! ,gospel q ano!r mean+4 ,accord+ to _! way ( exhibit+ ! text1 ,/4 ,john is made to say t '! multitude :i* 0 ) ,jesus1 te/ifi$ t ,he call$ ,laz>us out ( ! tomb & rais$ him f ! dead'3 :i* is n only an entirely diff]5t /atem5t1 b also ! introduction ( a highly improbable circum/ance4 ,t _m copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 7n ( ! ,vulgate7 recognize ,greek3 hoti1 besides ! ,pe%itto & ! two ,egyptian v]sions1 is n d5i$4 ,?is is 9 fact only "o m pro( ( ! insuffici5cy ( su* collective te/imony4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ab ) ! re/ ( ! uncials &1 :at is ( m importance1 ! :ole body ( ! cursives1 exhibit ,greek3 hote1--:i*1 z e "o mu/ see1 is c]ta9ly :at ,/4 ,john wrote 9 ?is place4 ,tis*5dorf's ass]tion t ! prolixity ( ! expression ,greek3 ephns5 ek t\ mnmei\ kai geir5 auton ek nekrn is inconsi/5t ) ,greek3 hote#aja1--may surprise1 b w nev] conv9ce any "o :o is ev5 mod]ately acqua9t$ ) ,/4 ,john's peculi> mann]4 ,! same mi/ake--( ,greek3 hoti = ,greek3 hote--is met ) at v]4 #da ( ! same *apt]4 ',^! ?+s said ,isaiah because he saw ,8 glory' 7,/4 ,john xii4 #da74 ,& :y n ':5 he saw ,8 glory'8 :i* is :at ! ,evangeli/ wrote accord+ to ! /ronge/ atte/ation4 ,true1 t elev5 manuscripts 7beg9n+ ) ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abl7 & ! ,egyptian v]sions exhibit ,greek3 hoti3 also ,nonnus1 :o liv$ 9 ! ,!baid 7,a4,d4 #daj73 b all o!r ,,mss41 ! ,lat91 ,pe%itto1 ,go?ic1 ,e?iopic1 ,georgian1 & "o ,egyptian v]sion3-- ,orig5#ajb1--;,eusebius 9 f\r places#ajc1--;,basil#ajd1--;,gregory ( ,nyssa twice#aje1--;,didymus ?ree times#ajf1--;,*ryso/om twice#ajg1-- ,sev]ianus ( ,gabala#ajh2--^! twelve ,v]sions & ,fa!rs con/itute a body ( anci5t evid5ce :i* is ov]:elm+4 ,cyril ?ree times reads ,greek3 hoti#aji1 ?ree times ,greek3 hote#aaj1--;& once ,greek3 hnika#aaa1 :i* proves at lea/ h[ he und]/ood ! place4 #b4 ,a sugge/ive example#aab ( ! corruption introduc$ by a petty ,itacism may be f\nd 9 ,rev4 i4 #e1 :]e ! beautiful expression :i* has f\nd its way into s _m t5d] passages relat+ to ,*ri/ian devotion1 ',:o ha? wa%$#aac u f our s9s 9 ,8 own blood' 7,a4,v471 is replac$ 9 _m critical editions 7,r4,v47 by1 ',:o ha? loos$#aad u f our s9s by ,8 blood4' ,9 e>ly times a puri/ scribe1 :o _h a dislike ( any?+ t sav\r$ ( prov9cial ret5tion ( ,aeolian or ,dorian pronunciations1 wrote f unconsci\s bias ,greek3 u = ,greek3 ou1 transcrib+ ,greek3 lusanti = ,greek3 l\santi 7unless he 7 n ,greek s*ol> en\gh to und]/& ! diff]5ce73 & he 0 foll[$ by o!rs1 especially su* z1 :e!r f _! own prejudices or ow+ to sympa?y ) ! scruples ( o!r p1 b at all ev5ts "u ! influ5ce ( a slavi% lit]alism1 hesitat$ ab\t a passage z to :i* !y did n rise to ! spiritual height ( ! preci\s mean+ really convey$ !re94 ,accord+ly ! ?ree uncials1 :i* ( ^? t give ! ,apocalypse date ne>e/ to ! p]iod ( corruption1 adopt ,greek3 u1 foll[$ by n9e cursives1 ! ,h>kleian ,syriac1 & ! ,arm5ian v]sions4 ,on ! o!r side1 two uncials--viz4 ,b#b ( ! eigh? c5tury & ,p ( ! n9?--! ,vulgate1 ,bohairic1 & ,e?iopic1 write ,greek3 l\santi &--:at is mo/ important--all ! o!r cursives except ! h&ful j m5tion$1 s f> z exam9ation has yet gone1 =m a b>ri] :i* =bids intrusion4 ,an in/ance :]e an error f an ,itacism has crept into ! ,textus ,receptus may be se5 9 ,/4 ,luke xvi4 #be4 ,"s scribes ne$lessly *ang$ ,greek3 hde into ,greek3 hode1 mis9t]pret+ ! lett] :i* s]v$ (t5 = bo? ! long & ! %ort ,greek3 o1 & !reby ca/ out "s illu/rative mean+1 s9ce ,abraham meant to lay /ress ^u ! enjoym5t '9 8 bosom' ( com=t by ,laz>us4 ,! unanimity ( ! uncials1 a majority ( ! cursives1 ! witness ( ! v]sions1 t ( ! ,fa!rs quote ! place be+ unc]ta91 are suffici5t to prove t ,greek3 hde is ! g5u9e ^w4 ,aga91 9 ,/4 ,john xiii4 #be1 ,greek3 h\ts has dropp$ out ( _m copies & s out ( ! ,receiv$ ,text because by an ,itacism x 0 writt5 ,greek3 outos 9 _m manuscripts4 ,!re=e ,greek3 eke9os outos 0 ?\ght to be a cle> mi/ake1 & ! weak] ^w 0 accord+ly omitt$4 ,no d\bt ,lat9s & o!rs :o did n und]/& ,greek well consid]$ also t ,greek3 h\ts 0 r$undant1 & ?is 0 ! cause ( its be+ omitt$ 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,b really ,greek3 h\ts1 be+ suffici5tly au!nticat$#aae1 is exactly 9 consonance ) ,greek usage & ,/4 ,john's /yle#aaf1 & adds consid]ably to ! graphic "* ( ! sacr$ n>rative4 ,/4 ,john 0 recl9+ 7,greek3 anakeim5os7 on 8 left arm ov] ! bosom ( ! robe 7,greek3 en ti kolpi7 ( ! ,savi\r4 ,:5 ,/4 ,pet] beckon$ to him he turn$ 8 head = ! mom5t & sank 7,greek3 epipesn1 n ,greek3 anapesn :i* has ! te/imony only ( ,b & ab\t tw5ty-five uncials1 ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,c be+ divid$ aga9/ !mselves7 on ! brea/ ( ! ,"l1 be+ /ill 9 ! g5]al po/ure 9 :i* he 0 7,greek3 h\ts#aag71 & ask$ ,him 9 a :isp] ',"l1 :o is x8' ,ano!r case ( confusion betwe5 ,greek3 & ,greek3 o may be se5 9 ,/4 ,luke xv4 #bd1 #cb1 :]e ,greek3 apolls has ga9$ s /rong a hold t x is f\nd 9 ! ,receiv$ ,text = ,greek3 apollos1 :i* la/ be+ ! bett] atte/$ appe>s to be ! "r read+#aah4 ,b ! in/ance :i* requires ! mo/ att5tion is ,greek3 ka?>izon 9 ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #ai1 & all ! m because 9 ,! ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ! alt]ation into ,greek3 ka?>izn is advocat$ z be+ 'no "p ( ! ,div9e disc\rse1 b ! ,evangeli/'s inspir$ comm5t on ! ,savi\r's words#aai4' ,su* a "q mu/ be decid$ /rictly by ! te/imony1 n ^u int]nal evid5ce--:i* 9 fact is 9 ?is case absolutely decisive nei!r way1 = p mu/ n be l$ by ! attractive view op5$ by ,greek3 ka?>izn1 & ,greek3 ka?>izon be>s a v intelligible mean+4 ,:5 we f9d t ! uncial evid5ce is divid$1 !re be+ eight aga9/ ! *ange 7,symbol3 ,phi,symbol3 ,sigma,,kmuv,symbol3 ,gamma,symbol3 ,pi71 & elev5 = x 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,abefghlsx,symbol3 ,delta72--t n mu* is advanc$ by ! v]sions1 ?\gh ! ,pe%itto1 ! ,lewis ,codex1 ! ,h>kleian 7871 ! ,go?ic1 ! ,old ,lat9#abj1 ! ,vulgate1 fav\r ,greek3 ka?>izon2--nor by ! ,fa!rs3--s9ce ,aphraates#aba1 ,augu/9e 787#abb1 & ,novatian#abc are contradict$ by ,orig5#abd1 ,!ophylact#abe1 & ,gregory ,?aumaturgus#abf1 we discov] t we h n s f> made mu* way t[>ds a satisfactory conclusion4 ,! only decid$ elem5t ( judgem5t1 s f> z pres5t enquiries h rea*$1 s9ce suspicion is always ar\s$ by ! conjunction ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ab1 is suppli$ by ! cursives :i* ) a l>ge majority witness to ! receiv$ read+4 ,x is n !re=e safe to alt] x till a mu* l>g] exam9ation ( exi/+ evid5ce is made ?an is n[ possible4 ,if difficulty is felt 9 ! mean+ giv5 by ,greek3 ka?>izon1--& t !re is su* difficulty _c c&idly be d5i$1--?is is balanc$ by ! grammatical difficulty introduc$ by ,greek3 ka?>izn1 :i* w\ld be made to agree 9 ! same clause ) a v]b sep>at$ f x by ?irty-five p>5!tic words1 includ+ two int]rogations & ! clos+ s5t5ce4 ,^? p :o =m _! judgem5t f ! ,revis$ ,v]sion %\ld be> 9 m9d t ! ,revis]s1 9 ord] to make intelligible s5se1 7 oblig$ to introduce ?ree fre% ,engli% words t h no?+ to correspond to !m 9 ! ,greek2 be+ a repetition ( :at ! m9d ( ! read] w\ld h>dly be> 9 memory4 ,let any read] :o d\bts ?is leave out ! words 9 italics & try ! effect = himself4 ,! fact is t to make ?is read+ satisfactory1 ano!r alt]ation is requir$4 ,greek3 ,ka?>izn panta ta brmata ought ei!r to be transf]r$ to ! #bj? v]se or to ! beg9n+ ( ! #ah?4 ,!n all w\ld be cle> en\gh1 ?\gh de/itute ( a balance ( au?ority3 z x is n[ propos$ to read1 ! passage w\ld h absolutely no p>allel 9 ! simple & transp>5t s5t5ces ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,we mu/ !re=e be guid$ by ! balance ( evid5ce1 & t is turn$ by ! cursive te/imony4 #c4 ,ano!r m9ute b int]e/+ indication ( ! accuracy & fidelity ) :i* ! cursive copies 7 made1 is suppli$ by ! con/ancy ) :i* !y witness to ! preposition ,greek3 en 7n ! num]al ,greek3 h57 9 ,/4 ,m>k iv4 #h4 ,our ,"l says t ! se$ :i* 'fell into ! good gr\nd' 'yield$ by 7,greek3 en7 ?irty1 & by 7,greek3 en7 sixty1 & by 7,greek3 en7 an hundr$4' ,tis*5dorf notes t besides all ! uncials :i* are furni%$ ) acc5ts & brea?+s 7viz4 ,,efghkmuv,symbol3 ,pi7 'ne>ly #ajj cursives' exhibit ,greek3 en "h & 9 v]4 #bj4 ,b ?is is to misrepres5t ! case4 ,all ! cursives may be decl>$ to exhibit ,greek3 en1 e4g4 all ,mat?aei's & all ,scriv5]'s4 ,i h myself ) ?is object exam9$ a l>ge numb] ( ,evangelia1 & f\nd ,greek3 en 9 all4 ,! ,basle ,,ms4 f :i* ,erasmus d]iv$ 8 text#abg exhibits ,greek3 en1--?\gh he pr9t$ ,greek3 h5 out ( respect = ! ,vulgate4 ,! ,complut5sian hav+ ,greek3 h51 ! read+ ( ! ,textus ,receptus foll[s 9 consequ5ce3 b ! ,traditional read+ has be5 %ewn to be ,greek3 en1--:i* is d\btless int5d$ by ,greek3 ,,en 9 ,cod4 ,a4 ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,c,symbol3 ,delta 7two ev] lic5ti\s & ,symbol3 ,delta simil>ly s ?r\gh\t ,/4 ,m>k7 sub/itute = ! preposition ,greek3 en ! preposition ,greek3 eis1--7a suffici5t pro( to me t !y und]/& ,greek3 ,,en to repres5t ,greek3 en1 n ,greek3 h573 & are foll[$ by ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 & ! ,revis]s4 ,z = ! *>t]$ lib]t9e ,b 7& its s]vile h5*man ,l71 = ! fir/ ,greek3 en 7b n = ! second & ?ird7 x sub/itutes ! preposition ,greek3 ,,eis3 :ile1 9 v]4 #bj1 x reta9s ! fir/ ,greek3 en1 b omits ! o!r two4 ,9 all ^! vag>ies ,cod4 ,b is foll[$ by ,we/cott & ,hort#abh4 #d4 ,/4 ,paul#abi 9 8 ,epi/le to ,titus ii4 #e directs t "y wom5 %all be 'keep]s at home1' ,greek3 oik\r\s4 ,s1 7) five exceptions17 e kn[n ,codex#acj1 includ+ ! correct$ ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,d1--,,hklp2 besides #ag1 #cg1 #dg4 ,s also ,clem5s ,alex4#aca 7,a4,d4 #ahj71--,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia#acb1--;,basil#acc1--;,*ryso/o m#acd-- ,!odoret#ace1--;,damasc5e#acf4 ,s aga9 ! ,old ,lat9 7domum cu/odi5tes#acg71--! ,vulgate 7domus curam hab5tes#ach71--;& ,j]ome 7hab5tes domus dilig5tiam#aci73 & s ! ,pe%itto & ! ,h>kleian v]sions1--besides ! ,bohairic4 ,!re evid5tly c be no d\bt :atev] ab\t su* a read+ s support$4 ,to be ,greek3 oik\ros 0 held to be a woman's *iefe/ praise#adj3 ,greek3 kalli/on ergon gyn oik\ros1 writes ,clem5s ,alex4#ada2 assign+ to ! wife ,greek3 oik\ria z h] prop] prov9ce#adb4 ,on ! contr>y1 'gadd+ ab\t f h\se to h\se' is :at ! ,apo/le1 writ+ to ,timo?y#adc1 expressly condemns4 ,b ( c\rse ! decisive consid]ation is n ! support d]iv$ f int]nal evid5ce2 b ! pla9 fact t antiquity1 v>iety1 respectability1 numb]s1 cont9uity ( atte/ation1 are all 9 fav\r ( ! ,traditional read+4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 because !y f9d ,greek3 oik\rg\s 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph99,,acd99,f-,g1 are = ?ru/+ t 'b>b>\s & sc>cely intelligible' ^w1 if x be n ev5 a non-exi/5t#add1 into ,titus ii4 #e4 ,! ,revis$ ,v]sion 9 consequ5ce exhibits 'work]s at home'--:i* ,dr4 ,field may well call an 'unnecess>y & mo/ ta/eless innovation4' ,b x is insuffici5tly atte/$ z well1 besides be+ a pla9 p]v]sion ( ! ,apo/le's tea*+4 ,& ! error mu/ h aris5 f c>elessness & ignorance1 probably 9 ! ,we/ :]e ,greek 0 n prop]ly und]/ood4 ,s aga91 9 ! cry ( ! demoniacs1 ,greek3 ti hm9 kai soi1 ,is\1 huie t\ ,!\2 7,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #bi7 ! "n ,greek3 ,is\ is omitt$ by ,b,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,! reason is pla9 ! in/ant an anci5t ,,ms4 is inspect$3--,greek3 ,,kaisoi,,iu,,uiet\,,?u3--! recurr5ce ( ! same lett]s caus$ too great a /ra9 to scribes1 & ! omission ( two ( !m 0 ! result ( ord9>y human infirmity4 ,inde$1 to ?is same s\rce are to be attribut$ an extraord9>y numb] ( s-call$ 'v>i\s read+s'2 b :i* 9 reality1 z has already be5 %ewn1 are no?+ else b a collection ( mi/akes1--! surviv+ tok5s t anci5tly1 z n[1 copy+ cl]ks left out words2 :e!r misl$ by ! fatal proximity ( a l end+1 or by ! spe$y recurr5ce ( ! l lett]s1 or by "s o!r ph5om5on ) :i* mo/ m5's acqua9tance ) books h long s9ce made !m famili>4 ,,footnotes3 #if ,/4 ,m>k xi4 #d4 ,see ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #eg-eh4 #ig ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #ai1 ,greek3 ka?>izn = ,greek3 ka?>izon4 ,see bel[1 pp4 #fa-c4 #ih ,/4 ,luke ii4 #ad4 #ii ,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #db4 #ajj ,/4 ,matt4 xx4 #i4 ,see also ,/4 ,m>k xi4 #i1 #aj4 #aja ',quae quidem orationis prolixitas non conv5i5s esset si ,greek3 hote leg5dum esset4' #ajb iv4 #egg3 'qu&o4' #ajc ,dem4 ,ev4 #caj1 #cab1 #ded bis4 #ajd i4 #cja4 #aje ii4 #dhh1 & ap4 ,gall4 vi4 #ehj4 #ajf ,tr94 #ei1 #ii1 #bdb4 #ajg viii4 #djf1 #djg4 ,also ps4-,*ryso/4 v4 #fac4 ,note1 t ',apol9>ius' 9 ,cram]'s ,cat4 #ccb is ,*rys4 viii4 #djg4 #ajh ,ap4 ,*rys4 vi4 #dec4 #aji iv4 #eje1 #gji1 & ap4 ,mai iii4 #he4 #aaj ii4 #ajb3 iv4 #gji1 & ap4 ,mai iii4 #aah4 #aaa v#a4 #fdb4 #aab ,un=tunately1 ?\gh ! ,dean left sev]al li/s ( in/ances ( ,itacism1 he work$ out none1 except ! sub/itution ( ,greek3 h5 = ,greek3 en 9 ,/4 ,m>k iv4 #h1 :i* z x is n /rictly on all f\rs ) ! re/ ,i h res]v$ till la/4 ,he m5tion$ all t ,i h introduc$ 7besides a few o!rs71 on deta*$ pap]s1 "s ( !m m ?an once1 & ,greek3 l\santi & ,greek3 ka?>izon ev5 m ?an ! o!rs4 ,9 ! brief discussion ( ea* in/ance :i* ,i h suppli$1 ,i h endeav\r$ :5ev] x 0 practicable to include any slight expressions ( ! ,dean's t ,i c\ld f9d1 & to develop all surviv+ h9ts4 #aac ,greek3 l\santi4 #aad ,greek3 lusanti4 #aae ,greek3 h\ts4 ,,bcefghlmx,symbol3 ,delta4 ,mo/ cursives4 ,go?4 ,greek3 outos4 ,,ksu,symbol3 ,gamma,symbol3 ,lambda4 ,t5 cursives4 ,omit ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ad,pi4 ,_m cursives4 ,vulg4 ,pe%4 ,e?iop4 ,arm54 ,georg4 ,slavon4 ,bohair4 ,p]s4 #aaf ,e4g4 ,?uc4 vii4 #ae1 ,/4 ,john iv4 #f4 #aag ,see ,/4 ,john iv4 #f3 ,acts xx4 #aa1 xxvii4 #ag4 ,! belov$ ,apo/le 0 !re=e call$ ,greek3 ho epi/?ios4 ,see ,suic]4 s4 v4 ,we/cott on ,/4 ,john xiii4 #be4 #aah #bd4 ,greek3 apolls4 ,symbol3 ,alepha,,abd c4 ,greek3 apollos4 ,symbol3 ,aleph99,,gkmrsx,symbol3 ,gamma,symbol3 ,pi994 ,mo/ curs4 #cb4 ,greek3 apolls4 ,symbol3 ,aleph99,,abd c4 ,greek3 apollos4 ,symbol3 ,alephc,,kmrsx,symbol3 ,gamma,symbol3 ,pi994 ,mo/ curs4 #aai ,pp4 #agi1 #ahj4 ,s9ce ! ,dean has n adopt$ ,greek3 ka?>izn into 8 correct$ text1 & on acc\nt ( o!r indications :i* caus$ me to d\bt :e!r he reta9$ ! op9ion ( 8 e>li] ye>s1 ,i appli$ to ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,f4 ,rose1 :o answ]$ z foll[s3--',i am ?ankful to say t ,i c resolve all d\bt z to my uncle's lat] views ( ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #ai4 ,9 8 annotat$ copy ( ! ,twelve ,v]ses he deletes ! words 9 8 note p4 #agi1 ,?is appe>s to be ! true read+1 & writes 9 ! m>g91 ,! old read+ is d\btless ! true "o1 & 9 ! m>g9 ( ! p>agraph ref]r+ to ,greek3 ka?>izn on p4 #ahj he writes1 ,alt] ! word+ ( ?is4 ,?is entirely agrees ) my own recollection ( _m conv]sations ) him on ! subject4 ,i ?9k he felt t ! weight ( ! cursive te/imony to ! old r5d+ 0 conclusive1--at lea/ t he 0 n ju/ifi$ 9 *ang+ ! text 9 spite ( x4' ,^! la/ words ( ,mr4 ,rose express exactly ! inf]5ce t ,i _h drawn4 #abj ',! majority ( ! ,old ,lat9 ,,mss4 h 9 secessum uadit 7or exiit7 purgans omnes escas2 i 7,v9dobon5sis7 & r 7,uss]ianus7 h et purgat = purgans3 & a has a conflation 9 secessum exit purgans omnes escas et exit 9 rivum--s !y all po9t ! same way4'--7,k9dly communicat$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,:ite47 #aba ,dem4 xv4 7,graff97--',vadit enim esca 9 v5trem1 unde purgatione 9 secessum emittitur4' 7,lat47 #abb iii4 #gfd4 ',et 9 secessum exit1 purgans omnes escas4' #abc ,gall&4 iii4 #cai4 ',cibis1 quos ,dom9us dicit p]ire1 et 9 secessu naturali lege purg>i4' #abd iii4 #did4 ,greek3 elege tauta ho ,str1 ka?>izn panta ta brmata4 #abe i4 #bjf4 ,greek3 ekka?>izn panta ta brmata4 #abf ,gall&4 iii4 #djj4 ,greek3 alla kai ho ,str1 panta ka?>izn ta brmata4 #abg ,evan4 #b4 ,see ,hoski]1 ,collation ( ,cod4 ,evan4 #fjd1 ,app4 ,f4 p4 #d4 #abh ,! foll[+ specim5s tak5 f ! fir/ h& ( ,b may illu/rate ! kakigraphy1 if ,i may use ! expression1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( t ,,ms4 & also ( ,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,! li/ might be easily increas$4 ,i4 ,prop] ,names4 ,greek3 ,ians1 g5]ally3 ,greek3 ,ianns1 ,luke i4 #ac991 #fj1 #fc2 ,acts iii4 #d2 iv4 #f1 #ac1 #ai2 xii4 #be2 xiii4 #e1 #be2 xv4 #cg2 ,rev4 i4 #a1 #d1 #i2 xxii4 #h4 ,greek3 ,beezeb\l1 ,matt4 x4 #be2 xii4 #bd1 #bg2 ,m>k iii4 #bb2 ,luke xi4 #ae1 #ah1 #ai4 ,greek3 ,naz>et1 ,matt4 ii4 #bc2 ,luke i4 #bf2 ,john i4 #df1 #dg4 ,greek3 ,naz>a1 ,matt4 iv4 #ac4 ,greek3 ,naz>e?1 ,matt4 xxi4 #aa2 ,luke ii4 #ea2 iv4 #af4 ,greek3 ,m>ia = ,greek3 ,m>iam1 ,matt4 i4 #bj2 ,luke ii4 #ai4 ,greek3 ,m>iam = ,greek3 ,m>ia1 ,matt4 xxvii4 #fa2 ,m>k xx4 #dj2 ,luke x4 #db2 xi4 #cb2 ,john xi4 #b2 xii4 #c2 xx4 #af1 #ah4 ,see ,traditional ,text1 p4 #hf4 ,greek3 ,k\m1 ,m>k v4 #da4 ,greek3 ,golgo?1 ,luke xix4 #ag4 ,greek3 ,i/raleitai1 ,i/ralitai1 ,israleitai1 ,isralitai4 ,greek3 ,eleisabet1 ,elisabet4 ,greek3 ,mss1 ,mus4 ,greek3 ,dalman\n?a1 ,m>k viii4 #aj4 ,greek3 ,is 7,joseph ( ,arima!a71 ,m>k xv4 #de4 ,greek3 ,isph1 ,matt4 xxvii4 #eg1 #ei2 ,m>k xv4 #db2 ,luke xxiii4 #ej2 ,john xix4 #ch4 ,,ii4 ,mis-spell+ ( ord9>y words4 ,greek3 ka?' idian1 ,matt4 xvii4 #a1 #ai2 xxi v4 #c2 ,m>k iv4 #cd2 vi4 #ca1 c4 ,greek3 kat' idian1 ,matt4 xiv4 #ac1 #bc2 ,m>k vi4 #cb2 vii4 #cc1 c4 ,greek3 g5ma1 ,matt4 xxvi4 #bi2 ,m>k xiv4 #be2 ,luke xxii4 #ah4 ,greek3 g5nma1 ,matt4 iii4 #g2 xii4 #cd2 xxiii4 #cc2 ,luke iii4 #g 7! well-kn[n ,greek3 g5nmata e*idnn74 ,a simil> confusion betwe5 ,greek3 g5esis & ,greek3 g5nsis1 ,matt4 i1 & betwe5 ,greek3 eg5?n & ,greek3 eg5n?n1 & ,greek3 geg5mai & ,greek3 geg5nmai4 ,see ,ku55 & ,cobet ,n4 ,t4 ad fid4 ,cod4 ,vaticani lxxvii4 ,,iii4 ,itacisms4 ,greek3 kre91 ,john xii4 #dh 7,greek3 kre9ei74 ,greek3 kr91 ,matt4 vii4 #a2 xix4 #bh2 ,luke vi4 #cg2 vii4 #dc2 xii4 #eg1 c4 ,greek3 teim1 tim1 ,matt4 xv4 #d1 #e1 #h2 xix4 #ai2 xxvii4 #i2 ,m>k vii4 #f1 #aj1 c4 ,greek3 enebreim? 7,matt4 ix4 #cj7 = ,greek3 enebrimsato4 ,greek3 anaklei?nai 7,m>k vi4 #ci7 = ,greek3 anakl9ai4 seitos = ,greek3 sitos 7,m>k iv4 #bh74 ,,iv4 ,bad ,gramm>4 ,greek3 ti oikodespoti epekalesan = ,greek3 ton oikodespotn ekal4 7,matt4 x4 #be74 ,greek3 katapats\s9 = ,greek3-ss9 7,matt4 vii4 #f74 ,greek3 ho an aitsetai 7,matt4 xiv4 #g74 ,greek3 hotan de ak\ete 7,m>k xiii4 #g74 ,v4 ,impossible words4 ,greek3 emn/eum5n 7,luke i4 #bg74 ,greek3 ouran\ = ,greek3 ourani\ 7ii4 #ac74 ,greek3 anzt\n 7,luke ii4 #dd74 ,greek3 kopi\s9 7,matt4 vi4 #bh74 ,greek3 rt\n 7,matt4 xv4 #bc74 ,greek3 kataskno9 7,m>k iv4 #cb74 ,greek3 hmeis = ,greek3 hymeis4 ,greek3 hymeis = ,greek3 hmeis4 #abi ,?is pap] on ,titus ii4 #e 0 m>k$ by ! ,dean z be+ 'ready = press4' ,x 0 evid5tly "o ( 8 lat] essays1 & 0 left 9 "o ( 8 lat] portfolios4 #acj ,all ,mat?aei's #af1--;all ,r9ck's #g1--;all ,rei*e's #f1--;all ,scriv5]'s #ac1 c41 c4 #aca #fbb4 #acb ,ed4 ,swete1 ii4 #bdg 7domos suas b5e reg5tes72 #bdh 7domus proprias optime regant74 #acc ii4 7,e?47 #bia a1 #cji b4 #acd xi4 #gej a1 #gea b c d--,greek3 h oik\ros kai oikonomik4 #ace iii4 #gjd4 #acf ii4 #bga4 #acg ,cod4 ,cl>om4 #ach ,cod4 ,amiat41 & ,augu/4 iii#a4 #hjd4 #aci vii4 #gaf c1 #gah b 7,b5e domum reg]e1 #gah c74 #adj ,greek3 kat' oikon oik\r\s9 h/e p>!noi 7,soph4 ,o$4 ,col4 #cdc74--';,greek3 ,oik\ros e/ quasi proprium vocabulum muli]um3 ,greek3 oik\rgos e/ scrib>um comm5tum1'--z ,mat?aei1 ^: note is wor? read+1 truly /ates4 ,wet/e9's collections "h %\ld by all means be consult$4 ,see also ,field's delightful ,otium ,norv41 pp4 #ace-f4 #ada ,p4 #bic1 l94 #d 7see l94 #b74 #adb ,p4 #bhh1 l94 #bj4 #adc #a ,tim4 v4 #ac4 #add ,greek3 oik\rge9--:i* occurs 9 ,clem5s ,rom4 7ad ,cor4 c4 #a7--;is probably due to ! scribe4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,accid5tal ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption4 ,v4 ,liturgical ,influ5ce4 #a4 ,!re is "o di/9ct class ( evid5ce provid$ by ,almighty ,god = ! cons]vation ( ! deposit 9 its integrity#ade1 :i* calls = special notice 9 ?is place4 ,! ,lection>ies ( ! anci5t ,*ur* h n yet ne>ly enjoy$ ! att5tion !y des]ve1 or ! labori\s /udy :i* 9 ord] to r5d] !m practically available !y absolutely require4 ,sc>cely any p]sons1 9 fact1 except pr(ess$ critics1 are at all acqua9t$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! v curi\s docum5ts allud$ to3 :ile collations ( any ( !m :i* h be5 hi!rto effect$ are few inde$4 ,i speak *iefly ( ! ,books call$ ,evangeli/>ia 7or ,evangeli>ia71 9 o!r words1 ! prop] lessons collect$ out ( ! ,gospels1 & transcrib$ into a sep>ate volume4 ,let me freely admit t ,i subjo9 a few obs]vations on ?is subject ) unfeign$ diffid5ce2 hav+ _h to tea* myself ?r\gh\t ! little ,i "k2--& discov]+ 9 ! end h[ v insuffici5t = my purpose t little is4 ,prop]ly h&l$1 an adequate /udy ( ! ,lection>ies ( ! anci5t ,*ur* w\ld become ! lab\r ( a life4 ,we require exact collations ( at lea/ #ajj ( !m4 ,f su* a practical acqua9tance ) ab\t a t5? ( ! extant copies "s v int]e/+ results w\ld infallibly be obta9$#adf4 ,z = ! ext]nal appe>ance ( ^! docum5ts1 x may be en\gh to say t !y range1 l ! mass ( uncial & cursive copies1 ov] a space ( ab\t #gjj ye>s1--! olde/ extant be+ ( ab\t ! eigh? c5tury1 & ! late/ dat+ 9 ! fifte5?4 ,r>ely are any s old z ! =m] date1--or s rec5t z ! la/ nam$4 ,:5 !y began to be execut$ is n kn[n2 b mu* old] copies ?an any :i* at pres5t exi/ mu/ h p]i%$ ?r\gh con/ant use3 = !y are 9 p]fect ord] :5 we fir/ become acqua9t$ ) !m1 & z a :ole !y are rem>kably consi/5t ) "o ano!r4 ,!y are almo/ inv>iably writt5 9 d\ble columns1 & n unfrequ5tly are spl5didly execut$4 ,! use ( ,uncial lett]s is obs]v$ to h be5 reta9$ 9 docum5ts ( ?is class to a lat] p]iod ?an 9 ! case ( ! ,evangelia1 viz4 d[n to ! elev5? c5tury4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y are furni%$ ) a k9d ( musical notation execut$ 9 v]milion2 evid5tly int5d$ to guide ! read] 9 t peculi> recitative :i* is /ill cu/om>y 9 ! ori5tal ,*ur*4 ,9 ^! books ! ,gospels always /& 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,/4 ,john3 ,/4 ,mat!w3 ,/4 ,luke3 ,/4 ,m>k4 ,! lessons are brief1-- resembl+ ! ,epi/les & ,gospels 9 our ,book ( ,common ,pray]4 ,!y seem to me to fall into two classes3 7a7 ,^? :i* conta9 a lesson = e day 9 ! ye>3 7b7 ,^? :i* only conta9 lessons = fix$ ,fe/ivals & ! ,saturday-,sunday lessons 7,greek3 sabbatokyriakai74 ,we are rem9d$ by ?is peculi>ity t x 0 n till a v late p]iod 9 h] hi/ory t ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* 0 able to %ake h]self cle> ( ! %ad[ ( ! old ,jewi% ,sabba?#adg4 ,to ^! ,lection>ies ,tables ( ! ,lessons 7 (t5 add$1 ( a simil> "* to ^? :i* we h 9 our ,pray]-books4 ,! ,table ( daily ,lessons w5t "u ! title ( ,synax>ion 7or ,eclogadion72 & ! ,table ( ! ,lessons ( immovable ,fe/ivals & ,sa9ts' days 0 /yl$ ,m5ologion#adh4 ,liturgical use has prov$ a fruitful s\rce ( textual p]turbation4 ,no?+ less 0 to h be5 expect$1--z e "o mu/ admit :o has exam9$ anci5t ,evangelia ) any degree ( att5tion4 ,= a p]iod be=e ! cu/om arose ( writ+ out ! ,ecclesia/ical ,lections 9 ! ',evangeli/>ies1' & ',apo/olos1' x may be reg>d$ z c]ta9 t ! practice g5]ally prevail$ ( accommodat+ an ord9>y copy1 :e!r ( ! ,gospels or ( ! ,epi/les1 to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is cont9u$ to ! la/ to be a fav\rite me?od ) ! anci5ts#adi4 ,n only 0 x ! inv>iable liturgical practice to introduce an ecclesia/ical lection ) an ev]-v>y+ =mula1--by :i* means ! holy ,"n is (t5 f\nd 9 ,,mss4 :]e x has no prop] place1--b notes ( "t1 c41 'l ! unique & indubitably g5u9e ^w ,greek3 deut]oprti#aej1' are omitt$ z c>ry+ no moral lesson1 z well z long] passages l ! case ( ! two v]ses rec\nt+ ! m9i/]+ ,angel ) ! ,agony & ! ,bloody ,sweat#aea4 ,t ,lessons f ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 probably read 9 ! assemblies ( ! fai?ful accord+ to a def9ite s*eme1 & on an e/abli%$ sy/em1 at lea/ z e>ly z ! f\r? c5tury1 has be5 %ewn to foll[ f pla9 hi/orical fact 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ! ,twelve ,la/ ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$ = m detail$ in=mation4 ,cyril1 at ,j]usalem1--& by implication1 8 namesake at ,alex&ria1--,*ryso/om1 at ,antio* & at ,con/ant9ople1-- ,augu/9e1 9 ,africa1--all f\r expressly witness to ! circum/ance4 ,9 o!r words1 !re is f\nd to h be5 at lea/ at t "t fully e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,*ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom a ,lection>y1 :i* seems to h be5 ess5tially "o & ! same 9 ! ,we/ & 9 ! ,ea/4 ,t x mu/ h be5 ( ev5 ,apo/olic antiquity may be inf]r$ f sev]al consid]ations#aeb4 ,= example1 ,m>cion1 9 ,a4,d4 #adj1 w\ld h>dly h con/ruct$ an ,evangeli/>ium & ,apo/olicon ( 8 own1 z we le>n f ,epiphanius#aec1 if he _h n be5 induc$ by ! ,lection>y ,sy/em prevail+ ar\nd him to =m a c\nt]plan ( tea*+ ^u ! same model4 #b4 ,inde$1 ! high antiquity ( ! ,*ur*'s ,lection>y ,sy/em is inf]r$ ) c]ta9ty f _m a textual ph5om5on ) :i* /ud5ts ( ,textual ,sci5ce are famili>4 ,x may be helpful to a beg9n] if ,i introduce to 8 notice ! class ( read+s to be discuss$ 9 ! pres5t *apt]1 by invit+ 8 att5tion to ! fir/ words ( ! ,gospel = ,/4 ,philip & ,/4 ,james' ,day 9 our own ,engli% ,book ( ,common ,pray]1--',& ,jesus said unto ,8 disciples4' ,^? words he sees at a glance are und5iably no?+ else b an ,ecclesia/ical accretion to ! ,gospel1--words :i* bre$ (f5ce 9 no qu>t]1 & occasion error to none4 ,!y h nev]!less /ood prefix$ to ,/4 ,john xiv4 #a f an exce$+ly remote p]iod2 =1 besides e/abli%+ !mselves 9 e ,lection>y ( ! anci5t ,*ur*#aed1 !y are f\nd 9 ,cod4 ,d#aee1--;9 copies ( ! ,old ,lat9#aef z ! ,v]cell5sis1 ,corbei5sis1 ,aureus1 ,bezae1--& 9 copies ( ! ,vulgate4 ,!y may be ( ! second or ?ird1 !y mu/ be z old z ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x is evid5t t x wants b a v little = ^? words to h e/abli%$ _! claim to a p]man5t place 9 ! ,text4 ,read+s j z sl5d]ly support$ h be5 actually adopt$ be=e n[#aeg4 ,i proce$ to cite ano!r in/ance2 & "h ! success ( an ord9>y case ( ,lection>y lic5ce w be p]ceiv$ to h be5 complete3 = besides recomm5d+ itself to ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 & ,we/cott & ,hort1 ! blund] 9 "q has e/abli%$ itself 9 ! pages ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion4 ,ref]5ce is made to an alt]ation ( ! ,text occurr+ 9 c]ta9 copies ( ,acts iii4 #a1 :i* w be fur!r discuss$ bel[#aeh4 ,:5 x has be5 /at$ t ^! copies are ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcg1--! ,vulgate1--! two ,egyptian v]sions1--besides ! ,arm5ian1--& ! ,e?iopic1--x w be admitt$ t ! ,ecclesia/ical practice :i* has result$ 9 s widespread a read+1 mu/ be primitive inde$4 ,to "s p]sons su* a =midable array ( evid5ce may seem conclusive 9 fav\r ( any read+3 b x c only seem s to ^? :o d n realize ! weight ( c\nt]-te/imony4 ,b by f> ! mo/ consid]able injury :i* has result$ to ! ,gospel f ?is cause is ! suspicion :i* has alight$ 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s on ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k4 ,^? v]ses made up by !mselves a complete ,lection4 ,! prec$+ ,lection1 :i* 0 us$ on ! ,second ,sunday aft] ,ea/]1 0 clos$ ) ! ,liturgical note ',! ,end1' or ,greek3 ,,to ,,telos1 occurr+ aft] ! eigh? v]se4 ,:at m probable1 nay1 m c]ta9 result c\ld !re be1 ?an t "s scribe %\ld mi/ake ! end ( ! ,lection = ! end ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 if ! la/ leaf %\ld *ance to h be5 torn (f1 & %\ld !n transcribe no m#aei8 ,h[ natural t ,/4 ,m>k %\ld express himself 9 a m cond5s$ & abrupt /yle ?an usual4 ,?is ( c\rse is only put =w>d z an explanation1 :i* leaves ! notion ( ano!r writ] & a lat] date unnecess>y4 ,if x c be improv$ ^u1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,c&id critics ought to /udy ,dean ,burgon's elaborate *apt] already ref]r$ to be=e reject+ x4 #c4 ,& !re probably does n exi/1 9 ! :ole compass ( ! ,gospel1 a m int]e/+ in/ance ( ?is ?an is furni%$ by ! words ,greek3 eipe de ho ,kyrios1 9 ,/4 ,luke vii4 #ca4 ,?is is c]ta9ly d]iv$ f ! ,lection>ies2 be+ no?+ else b ! =mula ) :i* x 0 cu/om>y to introduce ! lection t beg9s at ?is place4 ,accord+ly1 only "o out ( =ty copies :i* h be5 consult$ = ! purpose conta9s !m4 ,b ! circum/ance ( int]e/ rema9s to be /at$4 ,:5 ^! f\r unau?oriz$ words h be5 ?us got rid (1 ! important discov]y is made t ! two prec$+ v]ses 7v]ses #bh & #bi7 mu/ ne$s =m a "p ( our ,"l's disc\rse1--:i* x is p]ceiv$ fl[s on unbrok5 f v4 #bd to v4 #ce4 ,?is has be5 se5 already by "s#afj1 ?\gh d5i$ by o!rs4 ,b ! fact does n admit ( rational d\bt2 ?\gh x is c]ta9ly n z yet g5]ally kn[n4 ,x is n g5]ally kn[n1 ,i mean1 t ! ,*ur* has recov]$ a piece ( k ) :i* %e 0 once famili>#afa1 b :i* = _m c5turies %e has =gott51 viz4 t ?irty-two words :i* %e suppos$ to be ^? ( ! ,evangeli/ are 9 reality ^? ( h] ,"l4 ,inde$1 :5 ! expressions are consid]$1 x is p]ceiv$ t ?is acc\nt ( !m mu/ ne$s be ! true "o4 ,?us1 we le>n f ! #bd? v]se t our ,savi\r 0 at ?is "t address+ '! cr[ds' or 'multitudes4' ,b ! f\r classes specifi$ 9 v]ses #bi1 #cj1 _c reasonably be ?\ght to be ! ,evangeli/'s analysis ( ^? cr[ds4 ,9 fact :at is said ( '! ,ph>isees & ,lawy]s' 9 v]4 #cj is cle>ly n a rem>k made by ! ,evangeli/ on ! reception :i* our ,savi\r's words 7 receiv+ at ! h&s ( 8 auditory2 b our ,savi\r's own /atem5t ( ! reception :i* ,8 ,=]unn]'s prea*+ _h met ) at ! h&s ( ! common p & ! publicans on ! "o h&1--! ,ph>isees & ! ,scribes on ! o!r4 ,h5ce ! inf]5tial p>ticle ,greek3 oun 9 ! #ca/ v]se2 & ! use 9 v]4 #ce ( ! same v]b 7,greek3 edikai?7 :i* ! ,div9e ,speak] _h employ$ 9 v]4 #bi3 :]eby ,he takes up ,8 previ\s /atem5t :ile ,he applies & en=ces x4 ,ano!r specim5 ( unau?oriz$ accretion orig9at+ 9 ! same way is f\nd a little f>!r on4 ,9 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #a 7',& hav+ call$ toge!r ,8 twelve ,disciples'71 ! words ,greek3 ma?tas aut\ are confess$ly spuri\s3 be+ condemn$ by ne>ly e kn[n cursive & uncial4 ,_! pres5ce 9 ! meantime is fully acc\nt$ = by ! adjac5t rubrical direction h[ ! lesson is to be introduc$3 viz4 ',at t "t ,jesus hav+ call$ toge!r ,8 twelve ,disciples4' ,accord+ly we are n surpris$ to f9d ! words ,greek3 ho ,is\s also ?ru/ into a few ( ! ,,mss43 ?\gh we are h>dly prep>$ to discov] t ! words ( ! ,pe%itto1 besides ! ,lat9 & ,cureton's ,syriac1 are disfigur$ 9 ! same way4 ,! admir]s ( '! old uncials' w le>n ) int]e/ t1 in/ead ( ,greek3 ma?tas aut\1 ,symbol3 ,aleph,c ) ,,lx,symbol3 ,lambda,symbol3 ,xi & a *oice assortm5t ( cursives exhibit ,greek3 apo/ol\s1--be+ support$ 9 ?is manife/ly spuri\s read+ by ! be/ copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 ! ,vulgate1 ,go?ic1 ,h>kleian1 ,bohairic1 & a few o!r translations4 ,inde$1 x is surpris+ :at a f]tile s\rce ( corruption ,liturgical usage has prov$4 ,e c>eful /ud5t ( ! ,gospels rememb]s t ,/4 ,mat!w describes our ,"l's fir/ & second mission>y j\rney 9 v ne>ly ! same words4 ,! =m] place 7iv4 #bc7 end+ ,greek3 kai pasan malakian en t la us$ to conclude ! lesson = ! second ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/1--! latt] 7ix4 #ce7 end+ ,greek3 kai pasan malakian occupies ! same position 9 ! ,gospel = ! sev5? ,sunday4 ,x w n seem /range to any "o :o consid]s ! matt]1 t ,greek3 en t la has 9 consequ5ce n only f\nd its way into ix4 #ce1 b has e/abli%$ itself !re v firmly3 & t f a v e>ly "t4 ,! spuri\s words are fir/ met ) 9 ! ,codex ,s9aiticus#afb4 ,b sometimes corruptions ( ?is class are really p]plex+4 ,?us ,symbol3 ,aleph te/ifies to ! exi/5ce ( a %ort additional clause 7,greek3 kai polloi kol\?san aut7 at ! end1 z "s critics say1 ( ! same #ce? v]se4 ,are we n r to reg>d ! words z ! beg9n+ ( v]4 #cf1 & z be+ no?+ else b ! liturgical introduction to ! lection = ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 :i* foll[s 7ix4 #cf-x4 #h71 & ^: ,fe/ival falls on ! #cj? ,june8 ,:atev] its orig91 ?is confess$ly spuri\s accretion to ! ,text1 :i* exi/s besides only 9 ,l & six cursive copies1 mu/ ne$s be ( extraord9>y antiquity1 be+ f\nd 9 ! two olde/ copies ( ! ,old ,lat93--a suffici5t indication1 by ! way1 ( ! utt] insuffici5cy ( su* an am\nt ( evid5ce = ! g5u95ess ( any read+4 ,?is is ! reason :y1 9 c]ta9 ( ! olde/ docum5ts accessible1 su* a /range am\nt ( discrepancy is discov]able 9 ! text ( ! fir/ words ( ,/4 ,luke x4 #be 7,greek3 kai id\ nomikos tis ane/1 ekpeirazn aiton1 kai legn74 ,_m ( ! ,lat9 copies preface ?is ) et haec eo dic5te4 ,n[1 ! e/abli%$ =mula ( ! lection>ies "h is1--,greek3 nomikos tis pros!n t ,i41 :i* expla9s :y ! ,curetonian1 ! ,lewis1 ) #cc1 '! que5 ( ! cursives1' z _! usual lead] 9 ab]rant read+s is absurdly /yl$1 s read ! place3 :ile ,d1 ) "o copy ( ! ,old ,lat91 /&s alone 9 exhibit+1--,greek3 ane/ de tis nomikos4 ,f\r ,codexes 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl,symbol3 ,xi7 ) ! ,curetonian omit ! second ,greek3 kai :i* is illegible 9 ! ,lewis4 ,to read ?is place 9 its purity y h to take up any ord9>y cursive copy4 #d4 ,take ano!r in/ance4 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #bh has be5 hi!rto read 9 all ,*ur*es z foll[s3--',& ! ,scripture 0 fulfill$1 :i* sai?1 ,& ,he 0 numb]$ ) ! transgressors4' ,9 ^! la/ days h[ev] ! discov]y is ann\nc$ t e ^w ( ?is is an unau?oriz$ addition to ! inspir$ text4 ,griesba* inde$ only m>ks ! v]se z probably spuri\s2 :ile ,tregelles is cont5t to enclose x 9 brackets4 ,b ,al=d1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s eject ! words ,greek3 kai eplr? h graph h leg\sa1 kai meta anomn elogi/h f ! text altoge!r4 ,:at c be ! reason = s extraord9>y a proce$+8 ,let u n be told by ,s*ulz 7,griesba*'s late/ editor7 t '! quotation is n 9 ,m>k's mann]2 t ! =mula :i* introduces x is ,john's3 & t x seems to be a gloss tak5 f ,luke xxii4 #cg4' ,?is is n criticism b dictation1--imag9ation1 n argum5t4 ,m5 :o s write =get t !y are assum+ ! v po9t :i* !y are call$ ^u to prove4 ,n[ x happ5s t all ! ,uncials b six & an imm5se majority ( ! ,cursive copies conta9 ! words be=e u3--t besides ^!1 ! ,old ,lat91 ! ,syriac1 ! ,vulgate1 ! ,go?ic & ! ,bohairic v]sions1 all concur 9 exhibit+ !m3--t ! same words are expressly recogniz$ by ! ,sectional ,sy/em ( ,eusebius2--hav+ a section 7,greek3 sis _/ ,greek3 i4e4 #baf_/h7 to !mselves--:i* is ! weightie/ sanction t ,fa!r _h x 9 8 p[] to give to words ( ,scripture4 ,s are !y also recogniz$ by ! ,syriac sectional sy/em 7#bfj_/h71 :i* is div]se f t ( ,eusebius & indep5d5t ( x4 ,:at !n is to be set aga9/ su* a weight ( anci5t evid5ce8 ,! fact t ! foll[+ six ,codexes are )\t ?is #bh? v]se1 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcdx1 toge!r ) ! ,sahidic & ,lewis4 ,! notori\s ,codex k 7,bobi5sis7 is ! only o!r anci5t te/imony producible2 to :i* ,tis*5dorf adds 'ab\t =ty-five cursive copies4' ,w x be s]i\sly pret5d$ t ?is evid5ce = omitt+ v]4 #bh f ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel c compete ) ! evid5ce = reta9+ x8 ,let x n be once m ins9uat$ t we set numb]s be=e antiquity4 ,codex ,d is ( ! six? c5tury2 ,cod4 ,x n old] ?an ! n9?3 & n "o ( ! f\r ,codexes :i* rema9 is s old1 )9 p]haps two c5turies1 z ei!r ! ,old ,lat9 or ! ,pe%itto v]sions4 ,we h ,eusebius & ,j]ome's ,vulgate z witnesses on ! same side1 besides ! ,go?ic v]sion1 :i* repres5ts a ,codex probably z old z ei!r4 ,to ^! witnesses mu/ be add$ ,victor ( ,antio*1 :o comm5t$ on ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel be=e ei!r ,a or ,c 7 writt5#afc4 ,x w be n unreasonably ask$ by ^? :o h le>n$ to reg>d :atev] is f\nd 9 ,b or ,symbol3 ,aleph z oracul>1--',b is x cr$ible t on a po9t l ?is su* au?orities z ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcd %\ld all be 9 error8' ,x is n only cr$ible1 ,i answ]1 b a circum/ance ( :i* we meet ) s _m und5iable examples t x ceases to be ev5 a matt] ( surprise4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :at is to be ?\ght ( ! cr$ibility t on a po9t l ?is all ! anci5t v]sions 7except ! ,sahidic7 %\ld h conspir$ to mislead mank9d8 ,& fur!r1 on :at intelligible pr9ciple is ! cons5t ( all ! o!r uncials1 & ! :ole mass ( cursives1 to be expla9$1 if ?is v]se ( ,scripture be inde$ spuri\s8 ,i "k t ! rejo9d] w be z foll[s3--',yes1 b if ! t5 words 9 dispute really are "p ( ! inspir$ v]ity1 h[ is _! abs5ce f ! e>lie/ ,codexes to be acc\nt$ =8' ,n[ x happ5s t = once ,i am able to assign ! reason4 ,b ,i d s "u prote/1 = ,i insi/ t to po9t out ! s\rce ( ! mi/akes 9 our olde/ ,codexes is no "p ( a critic's bus9ess4 ,x w\ld n only prove an endless1 b also a hopeless task4 ,?is "t1 h[ev]1 ,i am able to expla94 ,if ! read] w take ! tr\ble to inquire at ! ,biblio?que at ,p>is = a ,greek ,codex numb]$ '#ga1' an ,evangelium w be put into 8 h&s :i* diff]s f any t ,i ev] met ) 9 giv+ s+ul>ly m9ute & full rubrical directions4 ,at ! end ( ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #bg1 he w read z foll[s3--',:5 ?\ reade/ ! six? ,gospel ( ! ,passion1--also :5 ?\ reade/ ! second ,gospel ( ! ,vigil ( ,good ,friday1--/op "h3 skip v]se #bh3 !n g on at v]se #bi4' ,! inf]5ce f ?is is s obvi\s1 t x w\ld be to abuse ! read]'s pati5ce if ,i 7 to enl>ge ^u x1 or ev5 to draw x out 9 detail4 ,v anci5t inde$ mu/ ! ,lection>y practice 9 ?is p>ticul> h be5 t x %\ld leave s fatal a trace ( its op]ation 9 our f\r olde/ ,codexes3 b x has left x#afd4 ,! explanation is evid5t1 ! v]se is pla9ly g5u9e1 & ! ,codexes :i* leave x out are corrupt4 ,"o ^w ab\t ! evid5ce ( ! cursive copies on ?is occasion4 ,tis*5dorf says t 'ab\t =ty-five' ( !m are )\t ?is preci\s v]se ( ,scripture4 ,i v5ture to say t ! le>n$ critic w\ld be puzzl$ to produce =ty-five copies ( ! ,gospels 9 :i* ?is v]se has no place4 ,b 9 fact 8 v next /atem5t 7viz4 t ab\t half ( ^! are ,lection>ies71--satisfactorily expla9s ! matt]4 ,j s4 ,f e ,lection>y 9 ! _w1 = ! reason already assign$1 ^! words are away2 z well z 9 e ,,ms4 :i*1 l ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph1 has be5 deprav$ by ! influ5ce ( ! ,lection>y practice4 ,& n[ ,i v5ture to ask1--,:at is to be ?\ght ( t ,revision ( our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion :i* omits v]4 #bh altoge!r2 ) a m>g9al intimation t '_m anci5t au?orities ins]t x'8 ,w\ld x n h be5 ! c\rse ( ord9>y rev]5ce1--,i 0 go+ to say ( tru? & fairness1--to leave ! text unmole/$3 ) a m>g9al memor&um t j 'a v few anci5t au?orities leave x out'8 #e4 ,a gross depravation ( ! ,text result+ f ?is cause1 :i* nev]!less has impos$ on sev]al critics1 z has be5 already said1 is furni%$ by ! fir/ words ( ,acts iii4 ,! mo/ anci5t witness accessible1 namely ! ,pe%itto1 confirms ! usual read+ ( ! place1 :i* is also ! text ( ! cursives3 viz4 ,greek3 ,epi to auto de ,petros kai ,ianns k4t4l4 ,s ! ,h>kleian & ,b$e4 ,s ,codex ,e4 ,! f\r olde/ ( ! six available uncials conspire h[ev] 9 repres5t+ ! words :i* imm$iately prec$e 9 ! foll[+ un9telligible fa%ion3--,greek3 ho de ,kyrios proseti!i t\s szom5\s ka?' hm]an epi to auto4 ,petros de k4t4l4 ,h[ is x to be ?\ght t ?is /range & vapid pres5tm5t ( ! passage _h its beg9n+8 ,x results1 ,i answ]1 f ! ecclesia/ical practice ( beg9n+ a fre% lection at ! "n ( ',pet]1' prefac$ by ! usual =mula ',9 ^? days4' ,x is accord+ly usual to f9d ! liturgical ^w ,greek3 ar*--indicative ( ! beg9n+ ( a lection1--?ru/ 9 betwe5 ,greek3 epi to auto de & ,greek3 ,petros4 ,at a yet e>li] p]iod ,i suppose "s m effectual sev]ance ( ! text 0 made 9 t place1 :i* unhappily misl$ "s e>ly scribe#afe4 ,& s x came to pass t 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! place /ood ?us3 ,greek3 ho de ,kyrios proseti!i t\s szom5\s ka?' hm]an t ekklsia epi to auto1--:i* 0 pla9ly intol]able4 ,:at ,i am say+ w comm5d itself to any unprejudic$ read] :5 x has be5 /at$ t ,cod4 ,d 9 ?is place actually reads z foll[s3--,greek3 ka?m]an epi to auto en t ekklsia4 ,en de tais hm]ais tautais ,petros k4t4l43 ! scribe ) simplicity bo? giv+ u ! liturgical =mula ) :i* x 0 usual to introduce ! ,gospel = ! ,friday aft] ,ea/]1 & p]mitt+ u to witness ! p]plexity ) :i* ! evid5t surplusage ( ,greek3 t ekklsia epi to auto occasion$ him4 ,he inv]ts ^? two expressions & ?ru/s 9 a preposition4 ,h[ obvi\s x n[ 0 to solve ! difficulty by gett+ rid ( ,greek3 t ekklsia4 ,x does n help ! adv]se case to %ew t ! ,vulgate z well z ! copy ( ,cyril ( ,alex&ria are disfigur$ ) ! same corrupt read+ z ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abc4 ,x does b prove h[ e>ly & h[ widespread is ?is depravation ( ! ,text4 ,b ! indirect pro( ?us af=d$ t ! actual ,lection>y ,sy/em mu/ ne$s date f a p]iod long ant]ior to our olde/ ,codexes is a f> m important z well z a m int]e/+ inf]5ce4 ,9 ! meantime ,i suspect t x 0 9 ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom t ?is corruption ( ! text _h its beg9n+3 = pro( is n want+ t ! expression ,greek3 epi to auto seem$ h>d to ! ,lat9s#aff4 ,h5ce too ! omission ( ,greek3 pal9 f ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bd 7,/4 ,matt1 xiii4 #dc74 ,a glance at ! place 9 an actual ,codex#afg w expla9 ! matt] to a novice bett] ?an a :ole page ( writ+3-- ,greek3 ak\et4 telos ,greek3 pal94 ar*4 eip5 o ,kurios tn p>aboln tautn4 ,greek3 ,omoia e/9 k4t4l4 ,! ^w ,greek3 pal91 because x /&s betwe5 ! end 7,greek3 telos7 ( ! lesson = ! six? ,?ursday & ! beg9n+ 7,greek3 ar*7 ( ! fir/ ,friday aft] ,p5teco/1 got left out ?\gh e "o acqua9t$ ) ,gospel ,,mss4 kn[s t ,greek3 ar* & ,greek3 telos 7 (t5 ins]t$ 9 ! text4 ,! second ( ^! two lessons beg9s ) ,greek3 homoia because ,greek3 pal9 at ! beg9n+ ( a lesson is n want$4 ,"h !n is a s+ul> tok5 ( ! antiquity ( ! ,lection>y ,sy/em 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,ea/3 z well z a pro( ( ! untru/wor?y "* ( ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bd4 ,! discov]y t !y are support$ ?is "t by copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 7a c e ff#a4b g#a4b k l71 ,vulgate1 ,curetonian1 ,bohairic1 ,e?iopic1 does b fur!r %ew t su* an am\nt ( evid5ce 9 & by itself is :olly insuffici5t to det]m9e ! text ( ,scripture4 ,:5 !re=e ,i see ,tis*5dorf1 9 ! imm$iately prec$+ v]se 7xiii4 #dc7 on ! sole au?ority ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,b & a few ,lat9 copies1 omitt+ ! ^w ,greek3 ak\e91--& aga9 9 ! pres5t v]se on v simil> au?ority 7viz4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,d1 ,old ,lat91 ,vulgate1 ,pe%itto1 ,curetonian1 ,lewis1 ,bohairic1 toge!r ) five cursives ( ab]rant "*7 transpos+ ! ord] ( ! words ,greek3 panta hosa e*ei plei1--,i c b reflect on ! utt]ly insecure basis on :i* ! ,revis]s & ! s*ool :i* !y foll[ w\ld remodel ! inspir$ ,text4 ,x is precisely 9 ?is way & = ! selfsame reason1 t ! clause ,greek3 kai elyp?san sphodra 7,/4 ,matt4 xvii4 #bc7 comes to be omitt$ 9 ,k & sev]al o!r copies4 ,! previ\s lesson ends at ,greek3 eg]?setai1--! next lesson beg9s at ,greek3 prosl?on4 #f4 ,inde$1 ! ,anci5t ,liturgy ( ! ,*ur* has frequ5tly ex]cis$ a corrupt+ influ5ce on ! text ( ,scripture4 ,hav+ else:]e consid]$ ,/4 ,luke's v]sion ( ! ,"l's ,pray]#afh1 ,i w 9 ?is place discuss ! g5u95ess ( ! doxology ) :i* ! ,"l's ,pray] concludes 9 ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #acafi1--;,greek3 hoti s\ e/9 h basileia kai h dynamis kai h doxa eis t\s ainas4 amn1--words :i* = #cfj ye>s h be5 reject$ by critical writ]s z spuri\s1 not)/&+ ,/4 ,paul's unmi/akable recognition ( !m 9 #b ,tim4 iv4 #ah1--:i* alone1 "o w\ld h ?\ght1 %\ld h suffic$ to pres]ve !m f mole/ation4 ,! ess5tial note ( primitive antiquity at all ev5ts ^! fifte5 words enjoy 9 p]fection1 be+ met ) 9 all copies ( ! ,pe%itto3--& ?is is a f> weighti] consid]ation ?an ! fact t !y are abs5t f mo/ ( ! ,lat9 copies4 ,ev5 ( ^! h[ev] f\r 7k f g#a q7 recognize ! doxology1 :i* is also f\nd 9 ,cureton's ,syriac & ! ,sahidic v]sion2 ! ,go?ic1 ! ,e?iopic1 ,arm5ian1 ,georgian1 ,slavonic1 ,h>kleian1 ,pale/9ian1 ,erp5ius' ,arabic1 & ! ,p]sian ( ,tawos2 z well z 9 ! ,greek3 ,dida* 7) v>iations72 ,apo/olical ,con/itutions 7iii4 #ah-vii4 #be ) v>iations72 9 ,/4 ,ambrose 7,de ,sacr4 vi4 #e4 #bd71 ,caes>ius 7,dial4 i4 #bi74 ,*ryso/om comm5ts on ! words )\t suspicion1 & (t5 quotes !m 7,9 ,orat4 ,dom41 also see ,hom4 9 ,matt4 xiv4 #ac73 z does ,isidore ( ,pelusium 7,ep4 iv4 #bd74 ,see also ,opus ,imp]fectum 7,hom4 9 ,matt4 xiv71 ,!ophylact on ?is place1 & ,eu?ymius ,zigab5us 79 ,matt4 vi4 #ac & ,c4 ,massal4 ,ana?4 #g74 ,& yet _! true claim to be accept$ z inspir$ is ( c\rse bas$ on ! consid]ation t !y are f\nd 9 n9ety-n9e out ( a hundr$ ( ! ,greek copies1 includ+ ,symbol3 ,phi & ,symbol3 ,sigma ( ! end ( ! fif? & beg9n+ ( ! six? c5turies4 ,:at !n is ! nature ( ! adv]se evid5ce ) :i* !y h to cont5d & :i* is suppos$ to be fatal to _! claims8 ,f\r uncial ,,mss4 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdz71 support$ by five cursives ( bad "* 7#a1 #ag :i* gives ,greek3 amn1 #aah1 #acj1 #bji71 &1 z we h se51 all ! ,lat9 copies b f\r1 omit ^! words2 :i*1 x is accord+ly assum$1 mu/ h f\nd _! way surreptiti\sly into ! text ( all ! o!r copies 9 exi/5ce4 ,b let me ask1--,is x at all likely1 or r is x any way cr$ible1 t 9 a matt] l ?is1 all ! ,,mss4 9 ! _w b n9e %\ld h become corrupt$8 ,no hypo!sis is ne$$ to acc\nt = "o m in/ance ( omission 9 copies :i* exhibit a mutilat$ text 9 e page4 ,b h[ w m5 pret5d to expla9 an int]polation univ]sal z ! pres5t2 :i* may be trac$ z f> back z ! second c5tury2 :i* has e/abli%$ itself )\t appreciable v>iety ( read+ 9 all ! ,,mss42 :i* has !re=e f\nd its way f ! e>lie/ "t into e "p ( ,*ri/5dom2 is met ) 9 all ! ,lection>ies1 & 9 all ! ,greek ,liturgies2 & has s effectually won ! ,*ur*'s confid5ce t to ?is h\r x =ms "p ( ! public & private devotions ( ! fai?ful all ov] ! _w8 ,"o & ! same reply has be5 r5d]$ to ?is inquiry ev] s9ce ! days ( ,erasmus4 ,a note 9 ! ,complut5sian ,polyglott 7#aead7 expresses x ) suffici5t accuracy4 ',9 ! ,greek copies1 aft] ,& deliv] u f evil1 foll[s ,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 & ! p[]1 & ! glory1 = ev]4 ,b x is to be not$ t 9 ! ,greek liturgy1 aft] ! *oir has said ,& deliv] u f evil1 x is ! ,prie/ :o responds z above3 & ^? words1 accord+ to ! ,greeks1 ! prie/ alone may pron\nce4 ,?is makes x probable t ! words 9 "q are no integral "p ( ! ,"l's ,pray]3 b t c]ta9 copyi/s ins]t$ !m 9 error1 suppos+1 f _! use 9 ! liturgy1 t !y =m$ "p ( ! text4' ,9 o!r words1 !y repres5t t m5's e>s _h gr[n s fatally famili> ) ?is =mula f its habitual use 9 ! liturgy1 t at la/ !y assum$ x to be "p & p>cel ( ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,! same /atem5t has be5 repeat$ ad nauseam by t5 g5]ations ( critics = #cfj ye>s4 ,! words ) :i* our ,savi\r clos$ ,8 patt]n pray] are accord+ly reject$ z an int]polation result+ f ! liturgical practice ( ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,& ?is slip%od acc\nt ( ! matt] is univ]sally acquiesc$ 9 by le>n$ & unle>n$ read]s alike at ! pres5t day4 ,f an exam9ation ( above fifty anci5t ori5tal liturgies1 x is f\nd !n t ?\gh ! utmo/ v>iety prevails among !m1 yet t n "o ( !m exhibits ! evangelical =mula z x /&s 9 ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #ac2 :ile 9 "s in/ances ! div]g5ces ( expression are ev5 extraord9>y4 ,subjo9$ is :at may p]haps be reg>d$ z ! typical eu*>i/ic =mula1 d]iv$ f ! liturgy :i* passes z ,*ryso/om's4 ,precisely ! same =m recurs 9 ! (fice :i* is call$ aft] ! "n ( ,basil3 & x is ess5tially reproduc$ by ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 & pseudo-,caes>ius2 :ile some?+ v l x is f\nd to h be5 9 use 9 m ( ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,ea/4 ',= ?9e is ! k+dom1 & ! p[]1 & ! glory1 ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy ,gho/1 n[ & always & = ev] & ev]4 ,am54' ,b z e "o sees at a glance1 su* a =mula z ! =ego+1--) its ev]-v>y+ t]m9ology ( praise1--its con/ant ref]5ce to ! bless$ ,tr9ity1--its habitual ,greek3 nun kai aei1--& its inv>iable ,greek3 eis t\s ainas tn ainn1 7:i* mu/ ne$s be ( v high antiquity1 = x is m5tion$ by ,ir5aeus#agj1 & may be z old z #b ,tim4 iv4 #ah itself27--! doxology1 ,i say1 :i* =m$ "p ( ! ,*ur*'s liturgy1 ?\gh transcrib$ #aj1jjj times1 c\ld nev] by possibility h result$ 9 ! unv>y+ doxology f\nd 9 ,,mss4 ( ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #ac1--';,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 & ! p[]1 & ! glory1 = ev]4 ,am54' ,on ! o!r h&1 ! inf]5ce f a c>eful survey ( s _m ,ori5tal liturgies is inevitable4 ,! univ]sal preval5ce ( a doxology ( "s sort at ! end ( ! ,"l's ,pray]2 ! g5]al prefix '= ?9e'2 ! prevail+ m5tion !re9 ( '! k+dom & ! p[] & ! glory'2 ! inv>iable ref]5ce to ,et]nity3--all ?is con/itutes a weighty corroboration ( ! g5u95ess ( ! =m 9 ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,ek$ out ) a confession ( fai? 9 ! ,tr9ity1 & o!rwise amplifi$ z piety or zeal = doctr9al purity sugge/$1 e liturgical =mula ( ! k9d is cle>ly d]ivable f ! =m ( words 9 ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #ac4 ,9 no conceivable way1 on ! o!r h&1 c\ld t brief] =mula h result$ f ! practice ( ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,! ?+1 ,i repeat1 is simply impossible4 ,:at ne$ to po9t out 9 conclusion t ! ,*ur*'s peculi> me?od ( recit+ ! ,"l's ,pray] 9 ! public liturgy does not)/&+ supply ! obvi\s & suffici5t explanation ( all ! adv]se ph5om5a ( ! case8 ,x 0 ! inv>iable practice f ! e>lie/ "t = ! ,*oir to break (f at ! words ',b deliv] u f evil4' ,!y nev] pron\nc$ ! doxology4 ,! doxology mu/ = t reason h be5 omitt$ by ! critical own] ( ! ar*etypal copy ( ,/4 ,mat!w f :i* n9e extant ,evangelia1 ,orig51 & ! ,old ,lat9 v]sion orig9ally d]iv$ _! text4 ,?is is ! sum ( ! matt]4 ,!re c be no simpl] solution ( ! alleg$ difficulty4 ,t ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian1 ,ambrose recognize no m ( ! ,"l's ,pray] ?an !y f\nd 9 _! ,lat9 copies1 _c create surprise4 ,! wond] w\ld h be5 if !y did4 ,mu* /ress has be5 laid on ! sil5ce ( c]ta9 ( ! ,greek ,fa!rs conc]n+ ! doxology al?\gh !y wrote expressly on ! ,"l's ,pray]2 z ,orig51 ,gregory ( ,nyssa#aga1 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ,maximus4 ,^? :o h att5d$ mo/ to su* subjects w h[ev] be> me mo/ ready witness1 t x is nev] safe to draw inf]5ces ( ! k9d propos$ f ! sil5ce ( ! anci5ts4 ,:at if !y reg>d$ a doxology1 :]ev] f\nd1 z h>dly a fitt+ subject = exegetical comm5t8 ,b h[ev] _! sil5ce is to be expla9$1 x is at lea/ q c]ta9 t ! reason ( x is n because _! copies ( ,/4 ,mat!w 7 unfurni%$ ) ! doxology4 ,does any "o s]i\sly imag9e t 9 ,a4,d4 #fej1 :5 ,maximus wrote1 ,evangelia 71 9 ?is respect1 9 a diff]5t /ate f :at !y are at pres5t8 ,! sum ( :at has be5 (f]$ may be ?us briefly /at$3--,! textual p]turbation obs]vable at ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #ac is inde$ due to a liturgical cause1 z ! critics suppose4 ,b !n x is f\nd t n ! great bulk ( ! ,evangelia1 b only ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdz1 #a1 #ag1 #aah1 #acj1 #bji1 h be5 victims ( ! corrupt+ influ5ce4 ,z usual1 ,i say1 x is ! few1 n ! _m copies1 :i* h be5 l$ a/ray4 ,let ! doxology at ! end ( ! ,"l's ,pray] be !re=e all[$ to reta9 its place 9 ! text )\t fur!r mole/ation4 ,let no pr(ane h&s be any m laid on ^! fifte5 preci\s words ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re yet rema9s some?+ to be said on ! same subject = ! edification ( /udi\s read]s2 to :om ! succe$+ words are specially comm5d$4 ,!y are reque/$ to keep _! att5tion su/a9$1 until !y h read :at imm$iately foll[s4 ,! hi/ory ( ! rejection ( ^! words is 9 a high degree in/ructive4 ,x dates f #aead1 :5 ! ,complut5sian editors1 :il/ admitt+ t ! words 7 f\nd 9 _! ,greek copies1 bani%$ !m f ! text solely 9 def]5ce to ! ,lat9 v]sion4 ,9 a m>g9al annotation !y />t$ ! hypo!sis t ! doxology is a liturgical int]polation4 ,b h[ is t possible1 see+ t ! doxology is comm5t$ on by ,*ryso/om8 ',we presume1' !y say1 't ?is corruption ( ! orig9al text mu/ date f an antec$5t p]iod4' ,! same adv]se s5t5ce1 support$ by ! same hypo!sis1 0 reaffirm$ by ,erasmus1 & on ! same gr\nds2 b 9 8 edition ( ! ,n4,t4 he suff]$ ! doxology to /&4 ,z ! ye>s h roll$ out1 & ,codexes ,,dbz,symbol3 ,aleph h successively come to light1 critics h wax$ bold] & bold] 9 giv+ _! v]dict4 ,fir/1 ,grotius1 ,hammond1 ,walton2 !n ,mill & ,grabe2 next ,b5gel1 ,wet/e91 ,griesba*2 la/ly ,s*olz1 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s h d5\nc$ ! preci\s words z spuri\s4 ,b h[ does x appe> t tract ( "t has /r5g!n$ ! case aga9/ ! doxology8 ,s9ce #aead1 s*ol>s h become acqua9t$ ) ! ,pe%itto v]sion2 :i* by its emphatic v]dict1 effectually disposes ( ! evid5ce borne by all b ?ree ( ! ,old ,lat9 copies4 ,! ,greek3 ,dida* ( ! fir/ or second c5tury1 ! ,sahidic v]sion ( ! ?ird c5tury1 ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions 7#b71 foll[ on ! same side4 ,next1 9 ! f\r? c5tury come ,*ryso/om1 ,ambrose1 ps4-,caes>ius1 ! ,go?ic v]sion4 ,aft] t ,isidore1 ! ,e?iopic1 ,cureton's ,syriac4 ,! ,h>kleian1 ,arm5ian1 ,georgian1 & o!r v]sions1 ) ,*ryso/om 7#b71 ! ,opus ,imp]fectum1 ,!ophylact1 & ,eu?ymius 7#b71 br+ up ! re>#agb4 ,does any "o really suppose t two ,codexes ( ! f\r? c5tury 7,b,symbol3 ,aleph71 :i* are ev5 notori\s = _! _m omissions & g5]al accuracy1 are any adequate set-(f aga9/ su* an am\nt ( anci5t evid5ce8 ,l & #cc1 g5]ally ! firm allies ( ,,bd & ! ,vulgate1 =sake !m at ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #ac3 & dispose effectually ( ! adv]se te/imony ( ,d & ,z1 :i* are also balanc$ by ,symbol3 ,phi & ,symbol3 ,sigma4 ,b at ?is juncture ! case = reject+ ! doxology breaks d[n3 & :5 x is discov]$ t e o!r uncial & e o!r cursive 9 exi/5ce may be appeal$ to 9 its support1 & t ! /ory ( its liturgical orig9 proves to be a my?1--:at mu/ be ! v]dict ( an imp>tial m9d on a survey ( ! entire evid5ce8 ,! :ole matt] may be conv5i5tly re/at$ ?us3--,liturgical use has inde$ be5 ! cause ( a depravation ( ! text at ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #ac2 b x proves on inquiry to be ! v few ,,mss41--n ! v _m1--:i* h be5 deprav$4 ,nor is any "o at lib]ty to appeal to a yet e>li] p]iod ?an is atta9able by exi/+ liturgical evid5ce2 & to sugge/ t !n ! doxology us$ by ! prie/ may h be5 ! same ) t :i* is f\nd 9 ! ord9>y text ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,?is may h be5 ! case or x may n4 ,mean:ile1 ! hypo!sis1 :i* fell to ! gr\nd :5 ! /atem5t on :i* x re/$ 0 disprov$1 is n n[ to be built up aga9 on a m]e conjecture4 ,b if ! fact c\ld be asc]ta9$1--& ,i am n at all conc]n$ to d5y t su* a ?+ is possible1--,i %\ld reg>d x only z confirmatory ( ! g5u95ess ( ! doxology4 ,= :y %\ld ! liturgical employm5t ( ! la/ fifte5 words ( ! ,"l's ,pray] be ?\ght to ca/ discr$it on _! g5u95ess8 ,9 ! meantime1 ! und\bt$ fact1 t = an indef9itely remote p]iod ! ,"l's ,pray] 0 n publicly recit$ by ! p fur!r ?an ',b deliv] u f evil1'--a doxology ( "s sort be+ inv>iably add$1 b pron\nc$ by ! prie/ alone1--?is cle>ly asc]ta9$ fact is fully suffici5t to acc\nt = a ph5om5on s ord9>y f\nd inde$ s commonly ?r\gh\t ,/4 ,mat!w1 to say no?+ ( occurr5ces 9 ! o!r ,gospels z really n to require p>ticul> explanation1 viz4 ! omission ( ! la/ half ( ,/4 ,mat!w vi4 #ac f ,codexes ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdz4 ,,footnotes3 #ade ,i h reta9$ ?is passage not)/&+ ! objections made 9 "s qu>t]s aga9/ simil> passages 9 ! companion volume1 because ,i ?9k !m nei!r valid1 nor cr$itable to high intellig5ce1 or to due rev]5ce4 #adf ,! ,textual /ud5t w rememb] t besides ! ,lection>ies ( ! ,gospels m5tion$ "h1 ( :i* ab\t #ajjj are kn[n1 !re are "s #cjj m ( ! ,acts & ,epi/les1 call$ by ! "n ,apo/olos4 #adg ',x seems also a s+ul> note ( antiquity t ! ,sabba? & ! ,sunday succe$+ x d z x 7 coh]e1 & be> "o appellation2 s t ! week takes its "n--n f ! ,sunday ) :i* x comm5ces1 b--f ! ,saturday-&-,sunday ) :i* x concludes4' ,twelve ,v]ses1 p4 #aid1 :]e m p>ticul>s are giv54 #adh ,= ! cont5ts ( ^! ,tables1 see ,scriv5]'s ,pla9 ,introduction1 #d? edition1 vol4 i4 pp4 #hj-hi4 #adi ,see ,scriv5]'s ,pla9 ,introduction1 #d? edition1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ef-fe4 #aej ,twelve ,v]ses1 p4 #bbj4 ,! ,,ms4 /ops 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce4 #aea ,/4 ,luke xxii4 #dc1 #dd4 #aeb ,9 ! abs5ce ( mat]ials suppli$ by ! ,dean ^u :at 0 8 own special subject1 ,i h ?\ght be/ to extract ! above s5t5ces f ! ,twelve ,la/ ,v]ses1 p4 #bjg4 ,! next illu/ration is 8 own1 ?\gh 9 my words4 #aec i4 #caa4 #aed ,greek3 eip5 ho ,kyrios tois heaut\ ma?tais2 m t>asse/h4 #aee ,greek3 kai eip5 tois ma?tais aut\4 ,! same ,codex 7,d7 also prefixes to ,/4 ,luke xvi4 #ai ! ,ecclesia/ical =mula--,greek3 eip5 de kai et]an p>aboln4 #aef ',et ait discipulis suis1 non turbetur4' #aeg ,e4g4 ! words ,greek3 kai legei autois2 eirn hym9 h be5 omitt$ by ,tis*1 & reject$ by ,w4-,hort f ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #cf on ! sole au?ority ( ,d & five copies ( ! ,old ,lat94 ,aga91 on ! same sorry evid5ce1 ! words ,greek3 proskynsantes auton h be5 omitt$ or reject$ by ! same critics f ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #eb4 ,9 bo? in/ances ! expressions are also br&$ ) d\bt 9 ! ,r4 ,v4 #aeh ,pp4 #gh-hj4 #aei ,see ,traditional ,text1 ,app5dix ,,vii4 #afj ,bp4 ,c4 ,wordswor?4 ,b ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 d\bt x4 #afa ,?us ,codex ,symbol3 ,xi actually int]polates at ?is place ! words--,greek3 ouketi eke9ois elegeto1 alla tois ma?tais4 ,tis*4 ad loc4 #afb ,cyril ,alex1 7f\r times7 & ! ,v]ona ,codex 7b71 besides ,l & a few o!r copies1 ev5 app5d ! same famili> words to ,greek3 kai pasan malakian 9 ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #a4 #afc ,inve/igate ,poss9us1 #cde1 #cdf1 #cdh4 #afd ,x is surpris+ to f9d s great an exp]t z ,griesba* 9 ! la/ ye> ( 8 life s entirely misund]/&+ ?is subject4 ,see 8 ,comm5t4 ,crit4 ,"p ii4 p4 #aij4 ',nec ulla 444 debu]9t4' #afe ,greek3 t\s szom5\s ka?m]an en t ekklsia4 epi to auto de 7,t ,s' ,t,s ,,diak9,,sim\7 ,petros kai ,ianns1 k4t4l4 ,addit4 #af1ahd1 fol4 #aeb b4 #aff ,b$e1 ,retr4 #aaa4 ,d 7add4 ,greek3 hoi en t4 ekkl474 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,addit4 #af1 #ahd4 fol4 #aeb b4 ,vulgate4 #afg ,s ! place /&s 9 ,evan4 #fd4 ,! liturgical notes are pr9t$ 9 a small] type1 = di/9ction4 #afh ,! ,revision ,revis$1 #cd-f4 #afi ,see ,! ,traditional ,text1 p4 #ajd4 #agj ,greek3 alla kai hmas epi ts ,eu*>i/ias legontas1 'eis t\s ainas tn ainn1' k4t4l4 ,contra ,ha]4 lib4 i4 c4 #c4 #aga ,b ! words ( ,gregory ( ,nyssa are d\btful4 ,see ,scriv5]1 ,introduction1 ii4 p4 #cbe1 note #a4 #agb ,see my ,textual ,guide1 ,app5dix ,v4 pp4 #aca-c 7,g4 ,bell ,sons74 ,i h increas$ ! ,dean's li/ ) a few additional au?orities4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption ,,*iefly ,,int5tional4 ,i4 ,h>moni/ic ,influ5ce4 ,x mu/ n be imag9$ t all ! causes ( ! depravation ( ! text ( ,holy ,scripture 7 in/9ctive1 & t mi/akes arose solely because scribes 7 ov]come by p]sonal infirmity1 or 7 unconsci\sly ! victims ( surr\nd+ circum/ances4 ,!re 0 (t5 m design & me?od 9 _! error4 ,!y1 or ^? :o direct$ !m1 wi%$ sometimes to correct & improve ! copy or copies be=e !m4 ,& inde$ occasionally !y desir$ to make ! ,holy ,scriptures witness to _! own peculi> belief4 ,or !y _h _! ideas ( ta/e1 & did n scruple to alt] passages to suit :at !y fanci$ 0 _! enlight5$ judgem5t4 ,?us we c trace a t5d5cy to br+ ! ,f\r ,records into "o h>moni\s n>rative1 or at lea/ to excise or v>y /atem5ts 9 "o ,gospel :i* appe>$ to conflict ) p>allel /atem5ts 9 ano!r4 ,or else1 "s ,evangelical ,diatess>on1 or ,h>mony1 or comb9$ n>rative n[ =gott51 ex]cis$ an influ5ce ov] !m1 & :e!r consci\sly or n1--s9ce x is difficult always to keep design$ & un9t5tional mi/akes ap>t1 & we mu/ n be suppos$ to aim at sci5tific exactness 9 ! arrangem5t adopt$ 9 ?is analysis1--induc$ !m to adopt alt]ations ( ! pure ,text4 ,we n[ advance to "s in/ances :i* w sev]ally & conjo9tly expla9 !mselves4 #a4 ,no?+ c be m exquisitely precise ?an ,/4 ,john's way ( describ+ an incid5t to :i* ,/4 ,m>k 7xvi4 #i7 only ref]s2 viz4 our ,"l's appe>ance to ,m>y ,magdal5e1--! fir/ ( ,8 appe>ances aft] ,8 ,resurrection4 ,! reason is discov]able = e ^w ! ,evangeli/ uses3--its =m & collocation4 ,bo? ,/4 ,luke 7xxiv4 #c7 & previ\sly ,/4 ,m>k 7xvi4 #e7 expressly /at$ t ! wom5 :o visit$ ! ,sepul*re on ! fir/ ,ea/] morn+1 'aft] !y _h ent]$ 9' 7,greek3 eisel?\sai71 saw ! ,angels4 ,/ ,john expla9s t at t "t ,m>y 0 n ) !m4 ,%e _h sep>at$ h]self f _! company2--_h gone 9 que/ ( ,simon ,pet] & '! o!r disciple4' ,:5 ! wom51 _! visit end$1 _h 9 turn dep>t$ f ! ,sepul*re1 %e 0 left 9 ! g>d5 alone4 ',m>y 0 /&+ ) h] face t[>ds ! sepul*re weep+1--outside#agc4' ,all ?is1 s+ul> to relate1 0 completely misund]/ood by ! critics ( ! two fir/ c5turies4 ,n only did !y id5tify ! incid5t record$ 9 ,/4 ,john xx4 #aa1 #ab ) ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #e & ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #c1 #d1 f :i*1 z we h se51 ! fir/-nam$ ,evangeli/ is c>eful to di/+ui% x2--n only did !y fur!r id5tify bo? places ) ,/4 ,matt1 xxviii4 #b1 #cagd1 f :i* !y are cle>ly sep>ate2--b !y consid]$ !mselves at lib]ty to tamp] ) ! inspir$ text 9 ord] to br+ x into h>mony ) _! own convictions4 ,"s ( !m accord+ly alt]$ ,greek3 pros to mnmeion into ,greek3 pros t mnmei 7:i* is j z ambigu\s 9 ,greek z 'at ! sepul*re' 9 ,engli%#age71 & ,greek3 ex !y boldly eras$4 ,x is ?us t ,codex ,a exhibits ! text4 ,b 9 fact ?is depravation mu/ h begun at a v remote p]iod & prevail$ to an extraord9>y ext5t3 = x disfigures ! be/ copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 7! ,syriac be+ d\btful73 a memorable circum/ance truly1 & 9 a high degree sugge/ive4 ,codex ,b1 to be sure1 reads ,greek3 hei/kei pros t mnmei1 ex klai\sa1--m]ely transpos+ 7) _m o!r au?orities7 ! la/ two words4 ,b !n ,codex ,b sub/itutes ,greek3 el?\sai = ,greek3 eisel?\sai 9 ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #e1 9 ord] t ! second ,evangeli/ may n seem to contradict ,/4 ,matt1 xxviii4 #b1 #c4 ,s t1 accord+ to ?is view ( ! matt]1 ! ,angelic appe>ance 0 outside ! sepul*re#agf4 ,codex ,symbol3 ,aleph1 on ! contr>y1 is ?or\gh4 ,n cont5t ) omitt+ ,greek3 ex1--7z 9 ! next v]se x leaves out ,greek3 duo1 9 ord] to prev5t ,/4 ,john xx4 #ab f seem+ to contradict ,/4 ,matt4 xxviii4 #b1 #c1 & ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #e71--;x /&s alone 9 read+ ,greek3 ,,en t mnmei4 7,c & ,d are lo/ "h47 ,:5 w m5 le>n t ^! 'old uncials' are ignes fatui1--n beacon lights2 & admit t ! texts :i* !y exhibit are n only inconsi/5t b corrupt8 ,!re is no reason = di/ru/+ ! receiv$ read+ ( ! pres5t place 9 any p>ticul>4 ,true1 t mo/ ( ! uncials & _m ( ! cursives read ,greek3 pros t mnmei3 b s did nei!r ,*ryso/om#agg nor ,cyril#agh read ! place4 ,& if ! ,evangeli/ himself _h s writt51 is x cr$ible t a majority ( ! copies w\ld h =sak5 ! easi] & m obvi\s1 9 ord] to exhibit ! less usual & ev5 slightly difficult expression8 ,_m1 by writ+ ,greek3 pros t mnmei1 betray !mselves2 = !y reta9 a sure tok5 t ! accusative ought to end ! s5t5ce4 ,i am n conc]n$ h[ev] j n[ to discuss ^! matt]s ( detail4 ,i am only b5t on illu/rat+ h[ fatal to ! purity ( ! ,text ( ! ,gospels has be5 ! desire ( critics1 :o did n und]/& ^? div9e compositions1 to br+ !m into en=c$ agreem5t ) "o ano!r4 ,! sectional sy/em ( ,eusebius1 ,i suspect1 is n s mu* ! cause z ! consequ5ce ( ! anci5t & invet]ate misappreh5sions :i* prevail$ 9 respect ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,resurrection4 ,x is "t h[ev] to proce$4 #b4 ,^? writ]s :o ov]look ! corruptions :i* ! text has actually exp]i5c$ ?r\gh a mi/ak5 solicitude on ! "p ( anci5t critics to reconcile :at seem$ to !m ! conflict+ /atem5ts ( diff]5t ,evangeli/s1 are frequ5tly obs]v$ to attribute to ?is k9d ( (fici\sness expressions :i* are unque/ionably portions ( ! g5u9e text4 ,?us1 !re is a g5]al cons5sus among/ critics ( ! de/ructive s*ool to omit ! words ,greek3 kai t9es syn autais f ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #a4 ,_! only plea is ! te/imony ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcl & c]ta9 ( ! ,lat9 copies1--a conjunction ( au?orities :i*1 :5 !y /& alone1 we h already obs]v$ to be> inv>iably false witness4 ,inde$1 be=e we proce$ to exam9e ! evid5ce1 we discov] t ^? f\r words ( ,/4 ,luke are ev5 requir$ 9 ?is place4 ,= ,/4 ,mat!w 7xxvii4 #fa71 & ,/4 ,m>k aft] him 7xv4 #dg71 _h di/9ctly specifi$ two wom5 z witnesses ( h[ & :]e our ,"l's body 0 laid4 ,n[ !y 7 ! same wom5 app>5tly :o prep>$ ! spices & o9tm5t & ha/5$ !re) at break ( day to ! sepul*re4 ,_h we !re=e only ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel we %\ld h assum$ t '! o9tm5t-be>]s1' = s ! anci5ts call$ !m1 7 b two 7,/4 ,matt4 xxviii4 #a74 ,t !y 7 at lea/ ?ree1 ev5 ,/4 ,m>k %ews by add+ to _! numb] ,salome 7xvi4 #a74 ,b 9 fact _! company consi/$ ( m ?an f\r2 z ,/4 ,luke expla9s :5 he /ates t x 0 ! same little b& ( holy wom5 :o _h accompani$ our ,savi\r out ( ,galilee 7xxiii4 #ee1 cf4 viii4 #b74 ,9 anticipation !re=e ( :at he w h to relate 9 v]4 #aj1 he says 9 v]4 #a1 '& c]ta9 ) !m4' ,b h[1 ,i %all be ask$1 w\ld y expla9 ! omission ( ^! words :i* to y\rself seem necess>y8 ,& aft] insi/+ t "o is nev] b\nd to expla9 h[ ! text ( any p>ticul> passage came to be corrupt$1 ,i answ]1 t ^! words 7 orig9ally eject$ f ! text 9 ord] to br+ ,/4 ,luke's /atem5t into h>mony ) t ( ! fir/ ,evangeli/1 :o m5tions none b ,m>y ,magdal5e & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james & ,joses4 ,! pro( is t f\r ( ! same ,lat9 copies :i* are = ! omission ( ,greek3 kai t9es syn autais are obs]v$ to beg9 ,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #ee z foll[s1--,greek3 katakol\?sasai de ,,duo gynaikes4 ,! same fabricat$ read+ is f\nd 9 ,d4 ,x exi/s also 9 ! ,codex :i* ,eusebius employ$ :5 he wrote 8 ,demon/ratio ,evangelica4 ,in/ead !re=e ( we>y+ ! read] ) ! evid5ce1 :i* is simply ov]:elm+1 = lett+ ! text alone1 ,i %all cont5t myself ) invit+ him to notice t ! tables h be5 unexpect$ly turn$ on our oppon5ts4 ,!re is inde$ f\nd to h be5 a corruption ( ! text h]eab\ts1 & ( ! words j n[ "u discussion2 b x belongs to an exce$+ly remote age2 & happily ! record ( x survives at ?is day only 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcdl & c]ta9 ( ! ,old ,lat9 copies4 ,calamit\s h[ev] x is1 t :at ! ,*ur* has long s9ce delib]ately refus$ to "p ) %\ld1 at ! end ( s _m c5turies1 by ,la*mann & ,tregelles & ,tis*5dorf1 by ,al=d & ,we/cott & ,hort1 be resolutely ?ru/ out ( place2 & inde$ exclud$ f ! ,sacr$ ,text by a majority ( ! ,revis]s4 ,a v int]e/+ in/ance ( su* ,h>moni/ic ,influ5ce may be f\nd 9 ! sub/itution ( 'w9e' 7,greek3 o9on7 = v9eg> 7,greek3 oxos71 respect+ :i* ! details are giv5 9 ! second ,app5dix to ! ,traditional ,text4 ,obs]ve yet ano!r in/ance ( h>moniz+ prop5sities 9 ! ,anci5t ,*ur*4 ,9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel iv4 #a-ac1 no less ?an six copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 v]sions 7b c f g#a l q7 besides ,ambrose 7,com4 ,/4 ,luke1 #acdj71 are obs]v$ to transpose ! second & ?ird temptations2 introduc+ v]ses #i-ab betwe5 v]ses #d & #e2 9 ord] to make ! hi/ory ( ! ,temptation z giv5 by ,/4 ,luke correspond ) ! acc\nt giv5 by ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,! scribe ( ! ,v]celli ,codex 7a7 0 ab\t to d ! same ?+2 b he *eck$ himself :5 he _h got z f> z '! p9nacle ( ! temple1'--:i* he seems to h ?\ght z good a sc5e = ! ?ird temptation z 'a high m\nta91' & s left x4 #c4 ,a fav\rite1 & c]ta9ly a plausible1 me?od ( acc\nt+ = ! pres5ce ( unau?oriz$ matt] 9 ,,mss4 is to sugge/ t1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 x probably exi/$ only 9 ! %ape ( a m>g9al gloss1 :i* ?r\gh ! inadv]t5ce ( ! scribes1 9 process ( "t1 f\nd its way into ! sacr$ text4 ,t 9 ?is way "s depravations ( ,scripture may possibly h aris51 w\ld h>dly ,i presume be d\bt$4 ,b ,i suspect t ! hypo!sis is g5]ally a :olly mi/ak5 "o2 hav+ be5 import$ into ?is subject-matt] 7l _m o!r notions :i* are q out ( place "h71 f ! region ( ! ,classics1--:]e 7z we "k7 ! ph5om5on is ev5 common4 ,especially is ?is hypo!sis resort$ to 7,i believe7 9 ord] to expla9 ^? in/ances ( assimilation :i* are s frequ5tly to be met ) 9 ,codd4 ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,ano!r fav\rite way ( acc\nt+ = in/ances ( assimilation1 is by tak+ = grant$ t ! scribe 0 ?9k+ ( ! p>allel or ! cognate place4 ,& c]ta9ly 7z be=e7 !re is no d5y+ t j z ! famili> language ( a p>allel place 9 ano!r ,gospel pres5ts itself unbidd5 to ! memory ( a read]1 s may x h /ruck a copyi/ also ) suffici5t vividness to p]suade him to write1 n ! words :i* he saw be=e him1 b ! words :i* he rememb]$4 ,all ?is is c]ta9ly possible4 ,b ,i /rongly incl9e to ! suspicion t ?is is n by any means ! "r way to expla9 ! ph5om5a "u discussion4 ,i am ( op9ion t su* depravations ( ! text 7 9 ! fir/ in/ance int5tional4 ,i d n mean t !y 7 introduc$ ) any s9i/] motive4 ,my mean+ is t !re 0 a desire to remove obscurities1 or to reconcile incongru\s passages1 or g5]ally to improve ! /yle ( ! au?ors1 & ?us to add to ! m]its ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 in/ead ( detract+ f !m4 ,su* a mode ( deal+ ) ! holy deposit ev9c$ no d\bt a failure 9 ! "p ( ^? :o adopt$ x to und]/& ! nature ( ! tru/ committ$ to ! ,*ur*1 j z simil> action at ! pres5t day does 9 ! case ( su* z load ! ,new ,te/am5t ) 'v>i\s read+s1' & illu/rate x z !y imag9e ) :at are really ins9uations ( d\bt1 9 ! way t !y prep>e an edition ( ! classics = ! purpose ( enl>g+ & %>p5+ ! m9ds ( y\?ful /ud5ts4 ,!re 0 int5tion1 & ! int5tion 0 good3 b x 0 none ! less productive ( corruption4 ,i suspect t if we ev] obta9 access to a specim5 ( ^? connect$ ,gospel n>ratives call$ ,diatess>ons1 :i* are kn[n to h exi/$ anci5tly 9 ! ,*ur*1 we %all be furni%$ ) a clue to a problem :i* at pres5t is %r\d$ 9 obscurity1--& conc]n+ ! solution ( :i*1 ) su* in/rum5ts ( criticism z we at pres5t possess1 we c d little else b conjecture4 ,i allude to ^? _m occasions on :i* ! olde/ docum5ts extant1 9 n>rat+ "s incid5t :i* really pres5ts no special difficulty1 are obs]v$ to div]ge into hopeless v>iety ( expression4 ,an example ( ! ?+ ref]r$ to w be/ expla9 my mean+4 ,take !n ! incid5t ( our ,"l's pay+ tribute1--set d[n 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xvii4 #be1 #bf4 ,! receiv$ text exhibits1--',& :5 he ,pet] _h ent]$ 7,greek3 hote eisl!n7 into ! h\se1 ,jesus 0 be=eh& ) him1 say+1 ,:at ?9ke/ ?\1 ,simon8 ,( :om d e>?ly k+s take toll or tribute8 ( _! sons or ( /rang]s8' ,"h1 = ,greek3 hote eisl!n1 ,codex ,b 7b no o!r uncial7 sub/itutes ,greek3 el?onta3 ,codex ,symbol3 ,aleph 7b no o!r7 ,greek3 eisel?onta3 ,codex ,d 7b no o!r7 ,greek3 eisel?onti3 ,codex ,c 7b no o!r7 ,greek3 hote l?on3 :ile a fif? lo/ copy c]ta9ly conta9$ ,greek3 eisel?ontn2 & a six?1 ,greek3 el?ontn autn4 ,a v fair specim5 ?is1 be x rem>k$ 9 pass+1 ( ! concordia discors :i* prevails 9 ! mo/ anci5t uncial copies#agi4 ,h[ is all ?is discrepancy to be acc\nt$ =8 ,! ,evangeli/ proce$s1--',pet] sai? unto ,him 7,greek3 ,legei aut ho ,petros71 ,( /rang]s4' ,^! f\r words ,c reta9s1 b cont9ues--',n[ :5 he _h said1 ,( /rang]s' 7,greek3 ,eipontos de aut\1 apo tn allotrin72--:i* unau?oriz$ clause1 all b ! ^w ,greek3 aut\1 is f\nd also 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 b 9 no o!r uncial4 ,on ! o!r h&1 = ,greek3 ,legei aut ho ,petros1 ,symbol3 ,aleph 7alone ( uncials7 sub/itutes ,greek3 ,ho de eph3 & ,b 7also alone ( uncials7 sub/itutes ,greek3 ,eipontos de1--& !n proce$s exactly l ! receiv$ text3 :ile ,d m]ely omits ,greek3 ho ,petros4 ,aga9 ,i ask1--,h[ is all ?is discrepancy to be expla9$#ahj8 ,z already h9t$1 ,i suspect t x 0 occasion$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance by ! preval5ce ( h>moniz$ ,gospel n>ratives4 ,9 no m loyal way c ,i acc\nt = ! p]plex+ ph5om5on already describ$1 :i* is ( p]petual recurr5ce 9 su* docum5ts z ,codexes ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,d1 ,cureton's ,syriac1 & copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 v]sion4 ,x is well kn[n t at a v remote p]iod "s em95t p]sons occupi$ !mselves 9 con/ruct+ su* exhibitions ( ! ,evangelical hi/ory3 & fur!r1 t ^! productions enjoy$ great fav\r1 & 7 9 g5]al use4 ,z = _! cont5ts1--! notion we =m to ourselves ( a ,diatess>on1 is t x aspir$ to be a weav+ ( ! f\rfold ,gospel into "o cont9u\s n>rative3 & we suspect t 9 accompli%+ ?is object1 ! writ] 0 by no means scrupul\s ab\t reta9+ ! precise words ( ! inspir$ orig9al4 ,he held himself at lib]ty1 on ! contr>y1 7a7 to omit :at seem$ to himself sup]flu\s clauses3 7b7 to introduce new incid5ts3 7c7 to supply picturesque details3 7d7 to give a new turn to ! expression3 7e7 to v>y ! con/ruction at pleasure3 7f7 ev5 slightly to p>aphrase4 ,compil$ aft] "s su* fa%ion z ,i h be5 describ+1 at a "t too :5 ! preci\sness ( ! inspir$ docum5ts seems to h be5 b imp]fectly appreh5d$1--! works ,i speak (1 recomm5d$ by _! graphic int]e/1 & sanction$ by a mighty "n1 mu/ h impos$ ^u ord9>y read]s4 ,incauti\s own]s ( ,codexes mu/ h transf]r$ )\t scruple c]ta9 unau?oriz$ read+s to ! m>g9s ( _! own copies4 ,a calamit\s p>tiality = ! fabricat$ docum5t may h prevail$ ) "s = :om copies 7 execut$4 ,above all1 x is to be inf]r$ t lic5ti\s & ra% ,editors ( ,scripture1--among :om ,orig5 may be reg>d$ z a prime (f5d]1--mu/ h delib]ately introduc$ into _! rec5sions _m an unau?oriz$ gloss1 & s giv5 x an ext5d$ circulation4 ,n t we w\ld imply t p]man5t mis*ief has result$ to ! ,deposit f ! vag>ies ( individuals 9 ! e>lie/ age4 ,! ,div9e ,au?or ( ,scripture ha? abundantly provid$ = ! safety ( ,8 ,^w writt54 ,9 ! multitude ( copies1--9 ,lection>ies1--9 ,v]sions1--9 citations by ! ,fa!rs1 a suffici5t safegu>d aga9/ error ha? be5 erect$4 ,b !n1 ( ^! multitud9\s s\rces ( protection we mu/ n be sl[ to avail ourselves imp>tially4 ,! prejudice :i* w\ld erect ,codexes ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph into an au?ority = ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t f :i* !re %all be no appeal3--! sup]/iti\s rev]5ce :i* has gr[n up = "o little clu/] ( au?orities1 to ! disp>agem5t ( all o!r evid5ce :]esoev] f\nd2 ?is1 :i* is = ev] l&+ critics 9 results :i* are simply irrational & unt5able1 mu/ be unconditionally ab&on$1 if any real progress is to be made 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( inquiry4 ,b :5 ?is has be5 done1 m5 w beg9 to op5 _! eyes to ! fact t ! little h&ful ( docum5ts rec5tly s mu* 9 fav\r1 are1 on ! contr>y1 ! only surviv+ witnesses to corruptions ( ! ,text :i* ! ,*ur* 9 h] corporate capacity has long s9ce delib]ately reject$4 ,b to proce$4 ,f ! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian & simil> attempts to h>monize ! ,gospels1 corruption ( a s]i\s nature has ensu$ 9 "s well-kn[n places1 su* z ! transf]5ce ( ! pi]c+ ( ! ,"l's side f ,/4 ,john xix4 #cd to ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #diaha1 & ! omission ( ! words '& ( an honeycomb' 7,greek3 kai apo t\ melissi\ kri\#ahb74 ,h5ce also1 9 ,cureton's ,syriac#ahc1 ! pat*-"w supplem5t to ,/4 ,matt4 xxi4 #i3 viz43--,greek3 polloi de 7,/4 ,m>k xi4 #h7 ,greek3 exl?on eis hypants9 aut\4 kai 7,/4 ,john xii4 #ac7 ,greek3 rxanto 444 *airontes a9e9 ton ,!on 444 p]i pasn hn eidon 7,/4 ,luke xix4 #cg74 ,?is self-evid5t fabrication1 'if x be n a "p ( ! orig9al ,aramaic ( ,/4 ,mat!w1' rem>ks ,dr4 ,cureton1 'w\ld appe> to h be5 suppli$ f ! p>allel passages ( ,luke & ,john conjo9tly4' ,h[ is x t ev5 a s5se ( hum\r did n pres]ve t em95t s*ol> f haz>d+ ! conjecture1 t su* a self-evid5t deflection ( 8 corrupt ,syriac ,codex f ! c\rse all b univ]sally pursu$ is a recov]y ( "o m g5u9e utt]ance ( ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,,footnotes3 #agc ,greek3 ,m>ia de hei/kei pros to mnmeion klai\sa ex 7,/4 ,john xx4 #aa74 ,comp4 ! expression ,greek3 pros to phs 9 ,/4 ,luke xxii4 #ef4 ,note1 t ! above is n (f]$ z a revis$ translation2 b only to %ew unle>n$ read]s :at ! words ( ! orig9al exactly mean4 #agd ,note1 t 9 ! sectional sy/em ( ,eusebius accord+ to ! ,greek1 ! foll[+ places are br\ght toge!r3-- 7,/4 ,matt4 xxviii7 7,/4 ,m>k xvi7 7,/4 ,luke xxiv7 7,/4 ,john xx7 #a-d4 #b-e4 #a-d4 #a1 #aa1 #ab4 ,accord+ to ! ,syriac3-- #c1 #d4 #e4 #c1 #d1 #e7a_/b74 #aa1 #ab4 #age ,consid] ,greek3 ho de ,petros hei/kei pros t ?yra ex 7,/4 ,john xviii4 #af74 ,has n ?is place1 by ! way1 ex]t$ an assimilat+ influ5ce ov] ,/4 ,john xx4 #aa8 #agf ,hesy*ius1 qu4 #ea 7apud ,cotel]ii ,eccl4 ,gr4 ,mon4 iii4 #dc71 expla9s ,/4 ,m>k's phrase ,greek3 en tois dexiois z foll[s3--,greek3 dlonoti t\ ext]\ splai\4 #agg viii4 #eac4 #agh iv4 #ajgi4 #agi ,traditional ,text1 pp4 #ha-h4 #ahj ,i am tempt$ to inquire1--,by virtue ( :at v]ify+ faculty d ,la*mann & ,tregelles on ! =m] occasion adopt ! read+ ( ,symbol3 ,aleph2 ,tis*5dorf1 ,al=d1 ,w4 & ,hort1 ! read+ ( ,b8 ,on ! second occasion1 ,i v5ture to ask1--,:at enabl$ ! ,revis]s1 ) ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 to recognize 9 a read+1 :i* is ! peculi> prop]ty ( ,b1 ! g5u9e language ( ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,is n a sup]/iti\s rev]5ce = ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph betray+ = ev] p into error8 #aha ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #cc4 #ahb ,traditional ,text1 ,app5dix ,i1 pp4 #bdd-beb4 #ahc ,! ,lewis ,,ms4 is defective "h4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption ,,*iefly ,,int5tional4 ,,ii4 ,assimilation4 #a4 ,!re results inevitably f ! f\rfold /ructure ( ! ,gospel1--f ! v fact t ! /ory ( ,r$emption is set =? 9 f\r n>ratives1 ?ree ( :i* (t5 ran p>allel1--?is practical inconv5i5ce3 namely1 t sometimes ! expressions ( "o ,evangeli/ get improp]ly transf]r$ to ano!r4 ,?is is a l>ge & important subject :i* calls = great att5tion1 & requires to be sep>ately h&l$4 ,! ph5om5a allud$ to1 :i* are simil> to "s ( ^? :i* h be5 treat$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 may be compris$ "u ! special head ( ,assimilation4 ,x w ,i ?9k promote cle>ness 9 ! ensu+ discussion if we det]m9e to consid] sep>ately ^? in/ances ( ,assimilation :i* may r be reg>d$ z delib]ate attempts to reconcile "o ,gospel ) ano!r3 indications ( a fix$ det]m9ation to e/abli% h>mony betwe5 place & place4 ,i am say+ t betwe5 ord9>y cases ( ,assimilation su* z occur 9 e page1 & extraord9>y in/ances :]e p] fas et nefas an en=c$ ,h>mony has be5 e/abli%$1-- :i* ab\nd inde$1 b are by no means common1--,i am dispos$ to draw a l9e4 ,?is :ole prov9ce is beset ) difficulties3 & ! matt] is 9 itself wondr\sly obscure4 ,i d n suppose1 9 ! abs5ce ( any evid5ce direct or indirect on ! subject1--at all ev5ts ,i am n aw>e--t at any "t has !re be5 "o def9ite au?oritative attempt made by ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* 9 h] corporate capacity to remodel or revise ! ,text ( ! ,gospels4 ,an att5tive /udy ( ! ph5om5a leads me1 on ! contr>y1 to believe t ! sev]al corruptions ( ! text 7 effect$ at diff]5t times1 & took _! beg9n+ 9 widely diff]5t ways4 ,i suspect t ,accid5t 0 ! p>5t ( _m2 & well meant critical assiduity ( m4 ,zeal = ! ,tru? is acc\ntable = n a few depravations3 & ! ,*ur*'s ,liturgical & ,lection>y practice mu/ ins5sibly h produc$ o!rs4 ,sy/ematic villa9y ,i am p]suad$ has _h no "p or lot 9 ! matt]4 ,! decrees ( su* an "o z ,orig51 if !re ev] 0 ano!r l him1 w acc\nt = a /range numb] ( ab]rations f ! ,tru?3 & if ! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian c\ld be recov]$#ahd1 ,i suspect t we %\ld behold !re ! g]ms at lea/ ( z _m m4 ,b1 ,i repeat my conviction t1 h[ev] !y may h orig9at$1 ! causes are n to be f\nd 9 bad pr9ciple1 b ei!r 9 infirmities or influ5ces :i* actuat$ scribes unconsci\sly1 or 9 a want ( und]/&+ z to :at is ! ,*ur*'s duty 9 ! transmission f g5]ation to g5]ation ( ! sacr$ deposit committ$ to h] enlight5$ c>e4 #b4 #a4 ,:5 we speak ( ,assimilation1 we d n mean t a writ] :ile engag$ 9 transcrib+ "o ,gospel 0 s completely beguil$ & ov]ma/]$ by 8 recollections ( ! p>allel place 9 ano!r ,gospel1--t1 =sak+ ! expressions prop] to ! passage be=e him1 he unconsci\sly adopt$ ! language :i* prop]ly belongs to a diff]5t ,evangeli/4 ,t to a v limit$ ext5t ?is may h occasionally tak5 place1 ,i am n conc]n$ to d5y3 b x w\ld argue incr$ible inatt5tion to :at he 0 pr(ess+ to copy1 on ! "o h&1--a/oni%+ famili>ity ) :at he 0 n pr(ess+ to copy1 on ! o!r1--t a scribe %\ld h be5 capable ( (f5d+ l>gely 9 ?is way4 ,b 9 fact a mod]ate acqua9tance ) ! subject is en\gh to conv9ce any ?\ghtful p]son t ! corruptions 9 ,,mss4 :i* h result$ f accid5tal ,assimilation mu/ ne$s be inconsid]able 9 bulk1 z well z few 9 numb]4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! ph5om5on ref]r$ to1 :5 we speak ( ',assimilation1' is n to be s acc\nt$ =3 x mu/ ne$s be expla9$ 9 "s entirely diff]5t way4 ,let me make my mean+ pla93 7a7 ,we %all probably be agre$ t :5 ! scribe ( ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 9 place ( ,greek3 basanisai hmas 79 ,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #bi71 writes ,greek3 hmas apolesai1--x may h be5 8 memory :i* misl$ him4 ,he may h be5 m]ely ?9k+ ( ,/4 ,m>k i4 #bd1 or ( ,/4 ,luke iv4 #cd4 7b7 ,aga91 :5 9 ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,b we f9d ,greek3 tassom5os ?ru/ )\t w>rant into ,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #i1 we see t ! ^w has lo/ its way f ,/4 ,luke vii4 #h2 & we are prone to suspect t only by accid5t has x crept into ! p>allel n>rative ( ! e>li] ,evangeli/4 7c7 ,9 ! same way ,i make no d\bt t ,greek3 potam 7,/4 ,matt4 iii4 #f7 is indebt$ = its place 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc1 c41 to ! influ5ce ( ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel 7i4 #e72 & ,i am only a/oni%$ t critics %\ld h be5 beguil$ into adopt+ s cle> a corruption ( ! text z "p ( ! g5u9e ,gospel4 7d7 ,to be brief3--! ins]tion by ,symbol3 ,aleph ( ,greek3 adelphe 79 ,/4 ,matt4 vii4 #d7 is confess$ly ! result ( ! p>allel passage 9 ,/4 ,luke vi4 #db4 ,! same scribe may be ?\ght to h writt5 ,greek3 t anem in/ead ( ,greek3 tois anemois 9 ,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #bf1 only because he 0 s famili> ) ,greek3 t anem 9 ,/4 ,luke viii4 #bd & 9 ,/4 ,m>k iv4 #ci4--,! au?or ( ! prototype ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bd 7) :om by ! way are "s ( ! ,lat9 v]sions7 may h writt5 ,greek3 e*ete 9 ,/4 ,matt1 xvi4 #h1 only because he 0 ?9k+ ( ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k viii4 #ag4--;,greek3 rxanto aganakte9 7,/4 ,matt4 xx4 #bd7 c only h be5 introduc$ into ,symbol3 ,aleph f ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k x4 #da1 & may h be5 suppli$ memorit]4--,/4 ,luke xix4 #ba is cle>ly n p>allel to ,/4 ,matt4 xxv4 #bd2 yet x evid5tly furni%$ ! scribe ( ,symbol3 ,aleph ) ! epi!t ,greek3 au/ros 9 place ( ,greek3 sklros4--,! sub/itution by ,symbol3 ,aleph ( ,greek3 hon p>t\nto 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ae = ,greek3 hon !lon may seem to be ! result ( inconv5i5t famili>ity ) ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k xv4 #f2 :]e1 z has be5 %ewn#ahe1 in/ead ( ,greek3 honp] it\nto1 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ab vici\sly exhibit ,greek3 hon p>t\nto1 :i* ,tis*5dorf besides ,we/cott & ,hort mi/ake = ! g5u9e ,gospel4 ,:o w hesitate to admit t1 :5 ,symbol3 ,aleph,l exhibit 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #af1--;in/ead ( ! words ,greek3 pois h9a e* zn ainion1--! =mula :i* is f\nd 9 ! p>allel place ( ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #ah1 viz4 ,greek3 poisas zn ainion klronoms1--^? unau?oriz$ words mu/ h be5 d]iv$ f ?is latt] place8 ,e ord9>y read] w be fur!r prone to assume t ! scribe :o fir/ ins]t$ !m into ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel did s because1 = :atev] reason1 he 0 m famili> ) ! latt] =mula ?an ) ! =m]4 7e7 ,b ,i %\ld h be5 will+ to g fur!r4 ,i might h be5 dispos$ to admit t :5 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,dl introduce into ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #ab ! clause ,greek3 legontes1 eirn t oik t\t 7:i* la/ f\r words confess$ly belong exclusively to ,/4 ,luke x4 #e71 ! au?or ( ! deprav$ orig9al f :i* ,symbol3 ,aleph,,dl 7 d]iv$ may h be5 only yield+ to ! sugge/ions ( an inconv5i5tly good memory3--may h succe$$ 9 conv9c+ himself f :at foll[s 9 v]se #ac t ,/4 ,mat!w mu/ h writt51 ',peace be to ?is h\se2' ?\gh he f\nd no su* words 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's text4 ,& s1 ) ! be/ int5tions1 he may mo/ probably h ins]t$ !m4 7f7 ,aga94 ,:5 ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,evan4 #fa ?ru/ into ,/4 ,matt4 ix4 #cd 7f ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,luke viii4 #ec7 ! clause ,greek3 eidotes hoti ape?an51 x is ( c\rse conceivable t ! au?ors ( ^? copies 7 m]ely ! victims ( excessive famili>ity ) ! ?ird ,gospel4 ,b !n1--al?\gh we are ready to make e all[ance t we possibly c = memories s s+ul>ly con/itut$1 & to imag9e a set ( inatt5tive scribes op5 to inducem5ts to recollect or imag9e in/ead ( copy+1 & possess$ ( an inconv5i5t famili>ity ) "o p>ticul> ,gospel1--x is cle> t our complaisance mu/ /op some:]e4 ,in/ances ( ?is k9d ( lic5ce at la/ bre$ suspicion4 ,sy/ematic 'assimilation' _c be ! effect ( accid5t4 ,consid]able int]polations mu/ ( c\rse be int5tional4 ,! discov]y t ,cod4 ,d1 = example1 introduces at ! end ( ,/4 ,luke v4 #ad ?irty-two words f ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel 7i4 #de--;ii4 #a1 ,greek3 ho de exel?n d[n to ,greek3 ,kaph>na\m71 op5s our eyes4 ,?is :olesale importation sugge/s ! inquiry1--,h[ did x come ab\t8 ,we look fur!r1 & we f9d t ,cod4 ,d ab\nds 9 in/ances ( ',assimilation' s unmi/akably int5tional1 t ?is spe$ily becomes ! only "q1 ,h[ may all ^! depravations ( ! sacr$ text be mo/ satisfactorily acc\nt$ =8 ,& ! answ] is evid5tly f\nd 9 ! exi/5ce ( extreme lic5ti\sness 9 ! scribe or scribes responsible = ,codex ,d1 be+ ! product ( ignorance & c>elessness comb9$ ) su* loos5ess ( pr9ciple1 z p]mitt$ ! ex]cise ( direct attempts to improve ! sacr$ ,text by ! introduction ( passages f ! ?ree rema9+ ,gospels & by o!r alt]ations4 #c4 ,sometimes inde$ ! true ,text be>s witness to itself1 z may be se5 9 ! next example4 ,! little h&ful ( well-kn[n au?orities 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl1 ) a few copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 & "o ( ! ,egyptian ,v]sions#ahf71 conspire 9 omitt+ f ,/4 ,john xvi4 #af ! clause ,greek3 hoti eg hypag pros ton ,pat]a3 = :i* reason ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort omit ^? six words1 & ,la*mann puts !m into brackets4 ,& yet1 let ! context be consid]$4 ,our ,savi\r _h said 7v]4 #af71--';,a little :ile1 & ye %all n see ,me3 & aga91 a little :ile1 & ye %all see ,me1 because ,i g to ! ,fa!r4' ,x foll[s 7v]4 #ag71--',!n said "s ( ,8 disciples among !mselves1 ,:at is ?is t ,he sai? unto u1 ,a little :ile1 & ye %all n see ,me3 & aga91 a little :ile1 & ye %all see ,me3 &1 ,because ,i g to ! ,fa!r8'--,n[1 ! context "h1--! g5]al sequ5ce ( words & ideas--9 & by itself1 creates a high degree ( probability t ! clause is g5u9e4 ,x mu/ at all ev5ts be p]mitt$ to reta9 its place 9 ! ,gospel1 unless !re is f\nd to exi/ an ov]:elm+ am\nt ( au?ority = its exclusion4 ,:at !n are ! facts8 ,all ! o!r uncials1 head$ by ,a & ,ib 7bo? ( ! f\r? c5tury71--e kn[n ,cursive--all ! ,v]sions1 7,lat91 ,syriac1 ,go?ic1 ,coptic1 c47--are = reta9+ ! clause4 ,add1 t ,nonnus#ahg 7,a4,d4 #djj7 recognizes x3 t ! texts ( ,*ryso/om#ahh & ( ,cyril#ahi d ! same2 & t bo? ^? ,fa!rs 7to say no?+ ( ,eu?ymius & ,!ophylact7 9 _! ,comm5t>ies expressly be> witness to its g5u95ess3--&1 ,) :at %ew ( reason c x any long] be pret5d$ t "s ,critics1 includ+ ! ,revis]s1 are w>rant$ 9 leav+ out ! words8444 ,x 7 to trifle ) ! read] to pursue ?is subject fur!r4 ,b h[ did ! words ev] come to be omitt$8 ,"s e>ly critic1 ,i answ]1 :o 0 unable to see ! exquisite proprieties ( ! entire passage1 ?\ght x desirable to br+ v]4 #af into con=mity ) v]4 #ai1 :]e our ,"l seems at fir/ sight to resyllable ! matt]4 ,t is all6 ,let x be obs]v$--& !n ,i w dismiss ! matt]--t ! selfsame ?+ has happ5$ 9 ! next v]se b "o 7v]4 #ah71 z ,tis*5dorf c&idly ackn[l$ges4 ,! ,greek3 t\to ti he/9 ( ! ,evangeli/ has be5 ta/elessly assimilat$ by ,,bdly to ! ,greek3 ti e/9 t\to :i* w5t imm$iately be=e4 #d4 ,7 ,i invit$ to po9t to a beautifully describ$ incid5t 9 ! ,gospel1 ,i %\ld f9d x difficult to lay my f+] on any?+ m apt = my purpose ?an ! transaction describ$ 9 ,/4 ,john xiii4 #ba-be4 ,x belongs to ! clos+ sc5e ( our ,savi\r's ,m9i/ry4 ',v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1' 7! words 7 spok5 at ! ,la/ ,supp]71 '"o ( y w betray ,me4 ,! disciples !re=e look$ "o at ano!r1 wond]+ ( :om ,he spake4 ,n[ !re 0 recl9+ 9 ! bosom ( ,jesus 7,greek3 n de anakeim5os en t kolp t\ ',i47 "o ( ,8 disciples :om ,jesus lov$4 ,to him !re=e ,simon ,pet] motione? to inquire :o x may be conc]n+ :om ,he speake?4 ,he !n1 j s9k+ on ! brea/ ( ,jesus 7,greek3 epipesn de eke9os h\ts epi to /?os t\ ',i47 i4e4 o!rwise keep+ 8 position1 see above1 p4 #fj1 sai? unto ,him1 ,"l1 :o is x8' ,! ,greek is exquisite4 ,at fir/1 ,/4 ,john has be5 simply 'recl9+ 7,greek3 anakeim5os7 9 ! bosom' ( 8 ,div9e ,ma/]3 t is1 8 place at ! ,supp] is ! next adjo9+ ,81--= ! phrase really means little m4 ,b ! proximity is ( c\rse excessive1 z ! sequel %ews4 ,und]/&+ f ,/4 ,pet]'s ge/ure :at is requir$ ( him1 ,/4 ,john m]ely s9ks back1 & hav+ ?us let 8 head fall 7,greek3 epipesn7 on 7or close to7 ,8 ,ma/]'s *e/ 7,greek3 epi to /?os71 he says s(tly1--',"l1 :o is x8' 444 ,! mom5t is p]haps ! mo/ memorable 9 ! ,evangeli/'s life3 ! position1 "o ( unutt]able privilege4 ,"t1 place1 po/ure1 action1--all settle s deep into 8 s\l1 t :51 9 8 old age1 he w\ld id5tify himself1 he describes himself z '! disciple :om ,jesus lov$2 :o also at ! ,supp]' 7t memorable ,supp]67 'lay 7,greek3 anepes5#aij7 on ,jesus' brea/1' 7lit]ally1 '^u ,8 *e/1'--,greek3 epi to /?os aut\71 & said1 ',"l1 :o is x t is to betray ,!e8' 7*4 xxi4 #bj74444 ,yes1 & ! ,*ur* 0 n sl[ to take ! beautiful h9t4 ,8 language s k9dl$ h] imag9ation t ! e>ly ,fa!rs le>n$ to speak ( ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e1 z ,greek3 ho epi/?ios1--'! 7recl9]7 on ! *e/#aia4' ,n[1 e delicate discrim9at+ t\* 9 ?is sublime picture is fai?fully reta9$ ?r\gh\t by ! cursive copies 9 ! proportion ( ab\t eighty to "o4 ,! great bulk ( ! ,,mss41 z usual1 uncial & cursive alike1 e/abli% ! und\bt$ text ( ! ,evangeli/1 :i* is "h ! ,receiv$ ,text4 ,?us1 a va/ majority ( ! ,,mss41 ) ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ad at _! head1 read ,greek3 epipesn 9 ,/4 ,john xiii4 #be4 ,*ryso/om#aib & probably ,cyril#aic confirm ! same read+4 ,s also ,nonnus#aid4 ,n s ,b & ,c ) f\r o!r uncials & ab\t tw5ty cursives 7! vici\s ,evan4 #cc be+ at _! head71 besides ,orig5#aie 9 two places & app>5tly ,!odorus ( ,mopsue/ia#aif4 ,^! by mis*iev\sly assimilat+ ! place 9 *4 xiii to ! lat] place 9 *4 xxi 9 :i* su* affect+ ref]5ce is made to x1 hopelessly obscure ! ,evangeli/'s mean+4 ,= !y sub/itute ,greek3 anapesn oun eke9os k4t4l4 ,x is exactly z :5 *ildr51 by way ( improv+ ! sket* ( a great ,ma/]1 g ov] 8 mat*less outl9es ) a clumsy p5cil ( _! own4 ,t ?is is ! true hi/ory ( ! sub/itution ( ,greek3 anapesn 9 ,/4 ,john xiii4 #be = ! less obvi\s ,greek3 epipesn is c]ta94 ,orig51 :o 0 probably ! au?or ( all ! mis*ief1 twice sets ! two places side by side & elaborately comp>es !m2 9 ! c\rse ( :i* op]ation1 by ! way1 he betrays ! vici\sness ( ! text :i* he himself employ$4 ,b :at fur!r helps to expla9 h[ easily ,greek3 anapesn might usurp ! place ( ,greek3 epipesn#aig1 is ! discov]y j notic$1 t ! anci5ts f ! e>lie/ p]iod 7 9 ! habit ( id5tify+ ,/4 ,john1 z ,/4 ,john _h id5tifi$ himself1 by call+ him '! "o t lay 7,greek3 ho anapesn7 ^u ! ,"l's *e/4' ,! expression1 d]iv$ f ,/4 ,john xxi4 #bj1 is employ$ by ,ir5aeus#aih 7,a4,d4 #agh7 & by ,polycrates#aii 7,bp4 ( ,ephesus ,a4,d4 #aif72 by ,orig5#bjj & by ,ephraim ,syrus#bja3 by ,epiphanius#bjb & by ,palladius#bjc3 by ,gregory ( ,nazianzus#bjd & by 8 namesake ( ,nyssa#bje3 by pseudo-,eusebius#bjf1 by pseudo-,caes>ius#bjg1 & by pseudo-,*ryso/om#bjh4 ,! only wond] is1 t 9 spite ( su* influ5ces all ! ,,mss4 9 ! _w except ab\t tw5ty-six h reta9$ ! true read+4 ,in/ructive 9 ! meantime x is to note ! fate :i* ?is ^w has exp]i5c$ at ! h&s ( "s ,critics4 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 h all 9 turn b[$ to ! au?ority ( ,cod4 ,b & ,orig54 ,bi%op ,lightfoot mi/ranslates#bji & cont5ds on ! same side4 ,al=d in=ms u t ,greek3 epipesn has surreptiti\sly crept 9 'f ,/4 ,luke xv4 #bj'3 7:y %\ld x8 h[ c\ld x87 ',greek3 anapesn n seem+ appropriate4' ,:]eas1 on ! contr>y1 ,greek3 anapesn is ! inv>iable & obvi\s expression1--,greek3 epipesn ! unusual1 &1 till x has be5 expla9$1 ! un9telligible ^w4 ,tis*5dorf1--:o _h read ,greek3 epipesn 9 #ahdh & ,greek3 anapesn 9 #ahei1--;9 #ahfi rev]ts to 8 fir/ op9ion2 advocat+ ) p>5tal p>tiality :at he _h s9ce met ) 9 ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,is !n ! tru? ( ,scripture aptly repres5t$ by t fitful beacon-light some:]e on ! ,fr5* coa/1--n[ visible1 n[ eclips$1 n[ visible aga91--:i* b5ight$ travell]s amuse !mselves by wat*+ f ! deck ( ! ,calais packet8 ,x w\ld be "t to pass on4 ,b because 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( /udy m5 are obs]v$ nev] to ab&on a position until !y are fairly %ell$ out & left )\t a pretext = rema9+1 ,i proce$ to %ew t ,greek3 anapesn 7= ,greek3 epipesn7 is only "o corrupt read+ out ( _m o!rs h]eab\ts4 ,! pro( ( ?is /atem5t foll[s4 ,might x n h be5 expect$ t ! old uncials' 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcd7 w\ld exhibit ! entire context ( su* a passage z ! pres5t ) tol]able accuracy8 ,! read] is invit$ to att5d to ! results ( collation3-- xiii4 #ba4-;,greek3 o ,symbol3 ,aleph,b3 ,greek3 um9 leg tr4 ,b4 xiii4 #bb4-;,greek3 oun ,,bc3 ,greek3 oi ,i\daioi ,symbol3 ,aleph3 ,greek3 apor\ntei ,d4 xiii4 #bc4-;,greek3 de ,b3 ,greek3 ek ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcd3-,greek3 o ,b3 ,greek3 kai ,d4 xiii4 #bd4 7= ,greek3 py!/hai tis an ei ,greek3 outos ,d7 ,greek3 kai legei aut1 eipe tis e/9 ,,bc3 7= ,greek3 legei7 ,greek3 eleg5 ,symbol3 ,aleph3 ,greek3 kai legei aut eipe tis e/9 p]i ou legei ,symbol3 ,aleph4 xiii4 #be4 7= ,greek3 epipesn7 ,greek3 anapesn ,,bc3-,greek3 de ,,bc3 7= ,greek3 de7 ,greek3 oun ,symbol3 ,aleph,d2 -,greek3 outos ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ad4 xiii4 #bf4 ,greek3 oun ,,bc3 ,greek3 aut ,d3--,greek3 o ,b3 ,greek3 kai legei ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bd3 ,greek3 an ,d3 7= ,greek3 bapsas7 ,greek3 embapsas ,,ad3 ,greek3 baps 444 kai ds aut ,,bc3 ,greek3 psm\ 7aft] ,greek3 psmion7 ,c3 7= ,greek3 embapsas7 ,greek3 bapsas ,d3 7= ,greek3 kai embapsas7 ,greek3 bapsas oun ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc3 -,greek3 to ,b3 ,greek3 lambanei kai ,,bc3 ,greek3 ,isk>it\ ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc3 ,greek3 apo ,k>yt\ ,d4 xiii4 #bg4-;,greek3 tote ,symbol3 ,aleph3-,greek3 meta to psmion tote ,d3 7= ,greek3 legei oun7 ,greek3 kai legei ,d3-,greek3 o ,b4 ,9 ^! sev5 v]ses !re=e1 7:i* pres5t no special difficulty to a transcrib]17 ! ,codexes 9 "q are f\nd to exhibit at lea/ ?irty-five v>ieties1--= tw5ty-eight ( :i* 7jo9tly or s+ly7 ,b is responsible3 ,symbol3 ,aleph = tw5ty-two3 ,c = tw5ty-"o3 ,d = n9ete53 ,a = ?ree4 ,x is f\nd t tw5ty-?ree words h be5 add$ to ! text3 fifte5 sub/itut$3 f\rte5 tak5 away2 & ! con/ruction has be5 f\r times *ang$4 ,"o case !re has be5 ( s5seless transposition4 ,simon1 ! fa!r ( ,judas1 7n ,judas ! traitor71 is decl>$ by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcd to h be5 call$ ',isc>iot4' ,ev5 ?is is n all4 ,:at ,/4 ,john relates conc]n+ himself is hopelessly obscur$2 & a spee* is put into ,/4 ,pet]'s m\? :i* he c]ta9ly nev] utt]$4 ,x is n too mu* to say t e delicate l9eam5t has vani%$ f ! picture4 ,:at are we to ?9k ( guides l ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcd1 :i* are prov$ to be utt]ly untru/wor?y8 #e4 ,! fir/ two v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel h f>$ badly4 ,easy ( transcription & pres5t+ no special difficulty1 !y ought to h come d[n to u undisfigur$ by any s]i\s v>iety ( read+4 ,on ! contr>y4 ,ow+ to entirely diff]5t causes1 ei!r v]se has exp]i5c$ calamit\s treatm5t4 ,i h else:]e#baj prov$ t ! clause ,greek3 hui\ t\ ,!\ 9 v]se #a is beyond suspicion4 ,its removal f c]ta9 copies ( ! ,gospel 0 orig9ally due to h]etical influ5ce4 ,b because ,orig5 gave curr5cy to ! text s mutilat$1 x re-appe>s me*anically 9 sev]al ,fa!rs :o are int5t only on reproduc+ a c]ta9 argum5t ( ,orig5's aga9/ ! ,mani*ees 9 :i* ! mutilat$ text occurs4 ,! same ,orig5 is responsible to "s ext5t1 & 9 ! same way1 = ! frequ5t introduction ( ',isaiah's' "n into v]se #ba--:]eas '9 ! prophets' is :at ,/4 ,m>k c]ta9ly wrote2 b ! appe>ance ( ',isaiah' !re 9 ! fir/ in/ance 0 due to q a diff]5t cause4 ,9 ! meantime1 x is witness$ to by ! ,lat91 ,syriac#baa1 ,go?ic1 & ,egyptian v]sions1 z well z by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl,symbol3 ,delta1 & 7accord+ to ,tis*5dorf7 by ne>ly tw5ty-five cursives2 besides ! foll[+ anci5t writ]s3 ,ir5aeus1 ,orig51 ,porphyry1 ,titus1 ,basil1 ,s]apion1 ,epiphanius1 ,sev]ianus1 ,victor1 ,eusebius1 ,victor9us1 ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e4 ,i proce$ to %ew t ?is impos+ array ( au?orities = read+ ,greek3 en t saia t propht in/ead ( ,greek3 en tois prophtais 9 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #b1 :i* has c]ta9ly impos$ ^u e rec5t editor & critic#bab1--;has be5 ei!r ov]e/imat$ or else misund]/ood4 #a4 ,! te/imony ( ! olde/ v]sions1 :5 att5tion is paid to _! cont5ts1 is discov]$ to be ( inf]ior mom5t 9 m9ut] matt]s ( ?is nature4 ,?us1 copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 v]sion ?ru/ ,isaiah's "n into ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #bb1 & ,ze*>iah's "n into xxi4 #d3 z well z ?ru/ out ,j]emiah's "n f xxvii4 #i3--! fir/1 ) ,curetonian1 ,lewis1 ,h>kleian1 ,pale/9ian1 & ,d1--! second1 ) ,*ryso/om & ,hil>y1--! ?ird1 ) ! ,pe%itto4 ,! ,lat9 & ! ,syriac fur!r sub/itute ,greek3 t\ propht\ = ,greek3 tn prophtn 9 ,/4 ,matt4 ii4 #bc1--?r\gh misappreh5sion ( ! ,evangeli/'s mean+4 ,:at is to be ?\ght ( ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph = introduc+ ! "n ( ',isaiah' into ,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #ce1--:]e x cle>ly _c /&1 ! quotation be+ confess$ly f ,ps4 lxxviii4 #b2 b :]e nev]!less ,porphyry#bac1 ,eusebius#bad1 & pseudo-,j]ome#bae c]ta9ly f\nd x 9 _m anci5t copies8 #b4 ,next1 = ! te/imony ( ! ,uncial ,codexes ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl,symbol3 ,delta3--,if any "o w be at ! pa9s to tabulate ! #ijjbaf new 'read+s' adopt$ by ,tis*5dorf 9 edit+ ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 he w discov] t = #dej1 or j half ( !m1--all ! #dej1 z ,i believe1 be+ corruptions ( ! text1--,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl are responsible3 & fur!r1 t _! responsibility is %>$ on ab\t #bjj occasions by ,d3 on ab\t #bfe by ,c3 on ab\t #cej by ,delta#bag4 ,at "s v remote p]iod !re=e !re mu/ h gr[n up a vici\s g5]al read+ ( ?is ,gospel :i* rema9s 9 ! few bad copies3 b ( :i* ! l>ge/ traces 7& v discr$itable traces !y are7 at pres5t survive 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcdl,symbol3 ,delta4 ,aft] ?is discov]y ! av[al w n be ?\ght extraord9>y t ,i reg>d ) unm+l$ suspicion read+s :i* are exclusively v\*$ = by five ( ! same ,codexes3 e4g4 by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl,symbol3 ,delta4 #c4 ,! cursive copies :i* exhibit ',isaiah' 9 place ( '! prophet4' reckon$ by ,tis*5dorf at 'ne>ly tw5ty-five1' are probably less ?an fifte5#bah1 & ^?1 almo/ all ( suspici\s "*4 ,high "t x is t ! inevitable consequ5ce ( an appeal to su* evid5ce 7 bett] und]/ood4 #d4 ,f ,tis*5dorf's li/ ( ?irte5 ,fa!rs1 s]i\s d$uctions h to be made4 ,ir5aeus & ,victor ( ,antio* are cle>ly ) ! ,textus ,receptus4 ,s]apion1 ,titus1 ,basil d b borr[ f ,orig52 &1 ) 8 argum5t1 reproduce 8 corrupt text ( ,/4 ,m>k i4 #b4 ,! la/-nam$ ,fa!r h[ev] saves 8 reputation by leav+ out ! quotation f ,mala*i2 s1 pass+ directly f ! m5tion ( ,isaiah to ! actual words ( t prophet4 ,epiphanius 7& ,j]ome too on "o occasion#bai7 does ! same ?+4 ,victor9us & ,augu/9e1 be+ ,lat9 writ]s1 m]ely quote ! ,lat9 v]sion 7'sicut scriptum e/ 9 ,isai propheta'71 :i* is )\t v>iety ( read+4 ,!re rema9 ,orig5 7! faulty "* ( ^: ,codexes has be5 rem>k$ ^u already71 ,porphyry#bbj ! h]etic 7:o wrote a book to convict ! ,evangeli/s ( mis-/atem5ts#bba1 & :o is !re=e sc>cely a tru/wor?y witness71 ,eusebius1 ,j]ome & ,sev]ianus4 ,( ^!1 ,eusebius#bbb & ,j]ome#bbc deliv] x z _! op9ion t ! "n ( ',isaiah' _h obta9$ admission into ! text ?r\gh ! inadv]t5cy ( copyi/s4 ,is x reasonable1 on ! sl5d] residuum ( evid5ce1 to insi/ t ,/4 ,m>k has ascrib$ to ,isaiah words confess$ly writt5 by ,mala*i8 ',! fact1' writes a rec5t editor 9 ! true _s ( mod]n criticism1 'w n fail to be obs]v$ by ! c>eful & hone/ /ud5t ( ! ,gospels4' ,b :at if '! fact' %\ld prove to be 'a fiction' only8 ,& 7,i v5ture to ask7 w\ld n 'c>efulness' be bett] employ$ 9 scrut9iz+ ! adv]se te/imony8 'hone/y' 9 admitt+ t on gr\nds prec>i\s z ! pres5t no indictm5t aga9/ an ,evangeli/ c be s]i\sly ma9ta9$8 ,?is proposal to revive a blund] :i* ! ,*ur* 9 h] corporate capacity has f ! fir/ refus$ to sanction 7= ! ,evangeli/>ia "k no?+ ( x7 c>ries 9 fact on its front its own suffici5t condemnation4 ,:y1 9 ! face ( all ! copies 9 ! _w 7except a little h&ful ( suspici\s "*71 w m5 insi/ on imput+ to an inspir$ writ] a fooli% mis-/atem5t1 in/ead ( frankly admitt+ t ! text mu/ ne$s h be5 corrupt$ 9 t little h&ful ( copies ?r\gh ! (fici\sness ( incompet5t criticism8 ,& d any inquire1--,h[ !n did ?is p]v]sion ( ! tru? arise8 ,9 ! easie/ way possible1 ,i answ]4 ,ref] to ! ,eusebian tables1 & note t ! =emo/ ( 8 sectional p>allels is z foll[s3-- ,/4 ,matt4 ,greek3 7i4e4 iii4 #c74 ,/4 ,m>k4 ,greek3 b 7i4e4 i4 #c74 ,/4 ,luke4 ,greek3 z 7i4e4 iii4 #c-f74 ,/4 ,john4 ,greek3 i 7i4e4 i4 #bc7bbd4 ,n[1 s9ce ! "n ( ,isaiah occurs 9 ! fir/1 ! ?ird & ! f\r? ( ^! places 9 connexion ) ! quotation f ,is4 xl4 #c1 :at m obvi\s ?an t "s critic ) h>moni/ic proclivities %\ld h insi/$ on supply+ ! second also1 i4e4 ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 ) ! "n ( ! evangelical prophet1 else:]e s famili>ly connect$ ) ! passage quot$8 ,?is is no?+ else 9 %ort b an ord9>y in/ance ( ,assimilation1 s unskilfully effect$ h[ev] z to betray itself4 ,x might h be5 pass$ by ) few] words1 = ! fraud is inde$ transp>5t1 b t x has s l>gely impos$ ^u le>n$ m51 & e/abli%$ itself s firmly 9 books4 ,let me hope t we %all n he> x advocat$ any m4 ,reg>d$ z an in/rum5t ( criticism1 ,assimilation requires to be v delicately z well z v skilfully h&l$4 ,if x is to be appli$ to det]m9+ ! text ( ,scripture1 x mu/ be employ$1 ,i take leave to say1 9 a v diff]5t _s f :at is met ) 9 ,dr4 ,tis*5dorf's notes1 or x w only mislead4 ,is a ^w--a clause--a s5t5ce--omitt$ by 8 fav\rite au?orities ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl8 ,x is en\gh if t le>n$ critic f9ds ne>ly ! same ^w1--a v simil> clause1--a s5t5ce ( ! same g5]al import1--9 an acc\nt ( ! same occurr5ce by ano!r ,evangeli/1 = him /raightway to insi/ t ! s5t5ce1 ! clause1 ! ^w1 has be5 import$ into ! commonly receiv$ ,text f su* p>allel place2 & to reject x accord+ly4 ,b1 z ! ?\ghtful read] mu/ see1 ?is is n all[able1 except "u peculi> circum/ances4 ,= fir/1 :atev] a priori improbability might be suppos$ to atta* to ! exi/5ce ( id5tical expressions 9 two ,evangelical records ( ! same transaction1 is effectually dispos$ ( by ! discov]y t v (t5 id5tity ( expression actually does occur4 ,& 7#b71 ! only condition :i* c\ld w>rant ! belief t !re has be5 assimilation1 is obs]v$ to be inv>iably away f ,dr4 ,tis*5dorf's in/ances4--viz4 a suffici5t numb] ( respectable atte/+ witnesses3 x be+ a fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 ! law ( ,evid5ce1 t ! v few are r to be suspect$ ?an ! _m4 ,b fur!r 7#c71 if !re be "s m>k$ div]sity ( expression discov]able 9 ! two p>allel places2 & if t div]sity has be5 c>efully ma9ta9$ all d[n ! ages 9 ei!r place2--!n x may be reg>d$ z c]ta91 on ! contr>y1 t !re has n be5 assimilation2 b t ?is is only "o m in/ance ( two ,evangeli/s say+ simil> ?+s or ! same ?+ 9 slightly diff]5t language4 ,take = example ! foll[+ case3--,:]eas ,/4 ,matt4 7xxiv4 #ae7 speaks ( '! abom9ation ( desolation ,greek3 to rh!n ,,dia ,danil t\ propht\1 /&+ 7,greek3 he/s7 9 ! holy place'2 ,/4 ,m>k 7xiii4 #ad7 speaks ( x z ',greek3 to rh!n ,,upo ,danil t\ propht\ /&+ 7,greek3 he/os7 :]e x ought n4' ,n[1 because ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl ) copies ( ! ,italic1 ! ,vulgate1 & ! ,egyptian v]sions omit f ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel ! six words writt5 above 9 ,greek1 ,tis*5dorf & 8 s*ool are = expung+ ^? six words f ,/4 ,m>k's text1 on ! plea t !y are probably an importation f ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,b ! little note ( v>iety :i* ! ,holy ,_s has set on ! place 9 ! second ,gospel 7indicat$ above 9 capital lett]s7 sugge/s t ^! le>n$ m5 are mi/ak54 ,accord+ly1 ! o!r f\rte5 uncials & all ! cursives1--besides ! ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian1 & copies ( ! ,old ,lat9--a mu* m weighty body ( evid5ce--are c]ta9ly "r 9 reta9+ ! words 9 ,/4 ,m>k xiii4 #ad4 ,take two m in/ances ( misuse 9 criticism ( ,assimilation4 ,/4 ,mat!w 7xii4 #aj71 & ,/4 ,luke 9 ! p>allel place ( 8 ,gospel 7xiv4 #c71 describe our ,"l z ask+1--',is x lawful to heal on ! sabba? day8' ,tis*5dorf f9d+ t 8 fav\rite au?orities 9 ?is latt] place cont9ue ! s5t5ce ) ! words 'or n8' assumes t ^? two words mu/ h fall5 out ( ! great bulk ( ! copies ( ,/4 ,luke1 :i*1 accord+ to him1 h "h assimilat$ _! phraseology to t ( ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,b ! hypo!sis is cle>ly inadmissible1--?\gh x is admitt$ by mo/ mod]n critics4 ,d n ^! le>n$ p]sons see t ! supposition is j z lawful1 & ! probability inf9itely great]1 t x is on ! contr>y ! few copies :i* h "h und]gone ! process ( assimilation2 & t ! type to :i* !y h be5 con=m$1 is to be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxii4 #ag2 ,/4 ,m>k xii4 #ad2 ,/4 ,luke xx4 #bb8 ,x is 9 fact surpris+ h[ (t5 a famili> place ( ,scripture has ex]t$ ?is k9d ( assimilat+ influ5ce ov] a little h&ful ( copies4 ,?us1 "s critics are happily agre$ 9 reject+ ! proposal ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdlr1 7back$ scantily by _! usual ret9ue ( evid5ce7 to sub/itute = ,greek3 gemisai tn koilian aut\ apo1 9 ,/4 ,luke xv4 #af1 ! words ,greek3 *orta/hnai ek4 ,b editors h omitt$ to po9t out t ! words ,greek3 epe?ymei *orta/hnai1 introduc$ 9 defiance ( ! be/ au?orities into ! p>able ( ,laz>us 7xvi4 #bj71 h simply be5 transplant$ ?i!r out ( ! p>able ( ! prodigal son4 ,! read] has n[ be5 pres5t$ ) sev]al examples ( ,assimilation4 ,tis*5dorf1 :o habitually ov]looks ! ph5om5on :]e x seems to be suffici5tly conspicu\s1 is obs]v$ con/antly to discov] cases ( ,assimilation :]e none exi/4 ,?is is 9 fact 8 habitual way ( acc\nt+ = n a few ( ! omissions 9 ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,& because he has des]v$ly enjoy$ a great reputation1 x becomes ! m necess>y to set ! read] on 8 gu>d aga9/ receiv+ su* /atem5ts )\t a ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! evid5ce on :i* !y re/4 #f4 ,! value--may ,i n say1 ! use8--( ^! delicate diff]5ces ( detail becomes app>5t :5ev] ! g5u95ess ( ! text is call$ 9 "q4 ,take an example4 ,! foll[+ fifte5 words are delib]ately exclud$ f ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel 7vi4 #aa7 by "s critics on ! au?ority ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcdl,symbol3 ,delta1--a mo/ suspici\s company1 & ?ree cursives2 besides a few copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 includ+ ! ,vulgate3--,greek3 amn leg hym91 anektot]on e/ai ,sodomois ,gomorrois en hm]ai krises1 h t polei eke94 ,x is pret5d$ t ?is is no?+ else b an importation f ! p>allel place ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel 7x4 #ae74 ,b t is impossible3 =1 z ! read] sees at a glance1 a delicate b decisive note ( discrim9ation has be5 set on ! two places4 ,/4 ,m>k writes1 ,greek3 ,sodom,o,i,s ,gomorr,o,i,s3 ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,greek3 ,g ,sodom,n ,,kai ,gomorr,n4 ,& ?is ?reefold1 or r f\rfold1 div]sity ( expression has exi/$ f ! beg9n+2 = x has be5 fai?fully reta9$ all d[n ! ages3 x exi/s to ?is h\r 9 e kn[n copy ( ! ,gospel1-- except ( c\rse ^? n9e :i* omit ! s5t5ce altoge!r4 ,!re c be !re=e no d\bt ab\t its g5u95ess4 ,! critics ( ! mod]n s*ool 7,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort7 seek 9 va9 to put ^u u a mutilat$ text by omitt+ ^? fifte5 words4 ,! two places are cle>ly indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 ,x does b rema9 to po9t out t ! exclusion ( ^! fifte5 words f ! text ( ,/4 ,m>k1 has m]ely result$ f ! influ5ce ( ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel 7ix4 #e71--:]e no?+ :atev] is f\nd#bbe correspond+ ) ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #e--,/4 ,m>k vi4 #aa4 ,! process ( ,assimilation !re=e has be5 actively at "w "h1 al?\gh n 9 ! way :i* "s critics suppose4 ,x has result$1 n 9 ! ins]tion ( ! words 9 dispute 9 ! case ( ! v _m copies2 b on ! contr>y 9 _! omission f ! v few4 ,& ?us1 "o m br& is set on ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcdl,symbol3 ,delta & _! ,lat9 allies1--:i* w be f\nd nev] to conspire toge!r exclusively except to mislead4 #g4 ,because a c]ta9 clause 7e4g4 ,greek3 kai h lalia s\ homoiazei 9 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #gj7 is abs5t f ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcdl1 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort entirely eject ^! five preci\s words f ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 ,griesba* hav+ already vot$ !m 'probably spuri\s4' ,:5 x has be5 add$ t _m copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 also1 toge!r ) ! ,vulgate & ! ,egyptian v]sions1 besides ,eusebius1 ignore _! exi/5ce1 ! pres5t writ] sc>cely expects to be li/5$ to if he insi/s t ! words are p]fectly g5u9e not)/&+4 ,! ?+ is c]ta9 h[ev]1 & ! ,revis]s are to blame = hav+ surr5d]$ five preci\s words ( g5u9e ,scripture1 z ,i am go+ to %ew4 #a4 ,n[1 ev5 if ! :ole ( ! case 7 already be=e ! read]1 al?\gh to "s !re might seem to exi/ a prima facie probability t ! clause is spuri\s1 yet ev5 s1--x w\ld n be difficult to conv9ce a ?\ghtful man t ! rev]se mu/ be ne>] ! tru?4 ,= let ! p>allel places 9 ! fir/ two ,gospels be set d[n side by side3-- ,/4 ,matt4 xxvi4 #gc4 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #gj4 7#a7 ,greek3 ,al?s kai su 7#a7 ,greek3 ,al?s 7#b7 ,greek3 ex autn ei 7#b7 ,greek3 ex autn ei 7#c7 ,greek3 kai g> 7#c7 ,greek3 kai g> ,galilaios ei1 7#d7 ,greek3 h lalia s\ dlon se poiei 7#d7 ,greek3 kai h lalia s\ homoiazei4 ,:at m cle> ?an t ! lat] ,evangeli/ is expla9+ :at 8 pr$ecessor meant by '?y spee* bewraye? !e' or else is giv+ an indep5d5t acc\nt ( ! same transaction d]iv$ f ! common s\rce8 ,to ,/4 ,mat!w1--a ,jew address+ ,jews1--x seem$ sup]flu\s to /ate t x 0 ! peculi> acc5t ( ,galilee :i* betray$ ,simon ,pet]4 ,to ,/4 ,m>k1--or r to ! read]s :om ,/4 ,m>k specially address$1--! po9t 0 by no means s obvi\s4 ,accord+ly1 he p>aphrases1--'= ?\ art a ,galilean & ?y spee* corresponde?4' ,let me be %ewn t all d[n ! ages1 9 n9ety-n9e copies out ( e hundr$1 ?is peculi> div]sity ( expression has be5 fai?fully reta9$1 & in/ead ( ass5t+ to ! proposal to suppress ,/4 ,m>k's 7f\r?7 explanatory clause ) its unique v]b ,greek3 homoiazei1 ,i /raightway betake myself to ! f> m p]t95t inquiry1--,:at is ! /ate ( ! text h]eab\ts8 ,:at1 9 fact1 ! context8 ,?is at lea/ is n a matt] ( op9ion1 b a matt] ( fact4 #a4 ,& fir/1 ,i discov] t ,cod4 ,d1 9 conc]t ) sev]al copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 7a b c ff#b h q1 c471 only removes clause 7#d7 f its prop] place 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 9 ord] to ?ru/ x into ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,mat!w1--:]e x supplants ! ,greek3 h lalia s\ dlon se poiei ( ! e>li] ,evangeli/2 & :]e x cle>ly has no bus9ess to be4 ,inde$ ! object ( ,d is f\nd to h be5 to assimilate ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel to ,/4 ,m>k1--= ,d also omits ,greek3 kai su 9 clause 7#a74 #b4 ,! ,e?iopic v]sion1 on ! contr>y1 is = assimilat+ ,/4 ,m>k to ,/4 ,mat!w1 = x transf]s ! same clause 7#d7 z x /&s 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel 7,greek3 kai h lalia s\ dlon se poiei7 to ,/4 ,m>k4 #c4 ,evan4 #cc 7:i*1 because x exhibits an anci5t text ( a type l ,b1 has be5 /yl$ ) grim irony '! ,que5 ( ! ,cursives'7 is m brilliant "h ?an usual2 exhibit+ ,/4 ,m>k's clause 7#d7 ?us1--,greek3 kai g> h lalia s\ dlon se homoiazei4 #d4 ,9 ,c 7& ! ,h>kleian7 ! process ( ,assimilation is z conspicu\s z 9 ,d1 = ,/4 ,m>k's ?ird clause 7#c7 is import$ bodily into ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,c fur!r omits f ,/4 ,m>k clause 7#d74 #e4 ,9 ! ,v]celli ,codex 7a7 h[ev]1 ! conv]se process is conspicu\s4 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel has be5 assimilat$ to ,/4 ,mat!w's by ! unau?oriz$ ins]tion into clause 7#a7 ( ,greek3 kai su 7:i* by ! way is also f\nd 9 ,m71 & 79 conc]t ) ! ,go?ic & ,evann4 #gc1 #aca1 #adb997 by ! entire suppression ( clause 7#c74 #f4 ,cod4 ,l goes beyond all4 ,true to ! craze ( omission1 x fur!r oblit]ates z well f ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel z f ,/4 ,m>k's all trace ( clause 7#d74 #g4 ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,b alone ( ,codexes1 ?\gh 9 agreem5t ) ! ,vulgate & ! ,egyptian v]sion1 d b elim9ate ! f9al clause 7#d7 ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel4 ,b note1 la/ly1 t-- #h4 ,cod4 ,a1 toge!r ) ! ,syriac v]sions1 ! ,go?ic1 & ! :ole body ( ! cursives1 recognizes none ( ^! irregul>ities3 b exhibits ! commonly receiv$ text ) entire fidelity4 ,on a survey ( ! premisses1 w any c&id p]son s]i\sly cont5d t ,greek3 kai h lalia s\ homiazei is no "p ( ! g5u9e text ( ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #gj8 ,! words are f\nd 9 :at are virtually ! mo/ anci5t au?orities extant3 ! ,syriac v]sions 7besides ! ,go?ic & ,cod4 ,a71 ! ,old ,lat9 7besides ,cod4 ,d7--reta9 !m2--^? 9 _! usual place1--^!1 9 _! unusual4 ,idle x cle>ly is 9 ! face ( su* evid5ce to pret5d t ,/4 ,m>k _c h writt5 ! words 9 "q#bbf4 ,x is too late to insi/ t a man _c h lo/ 8 wat* :5 8 wat* is prov$ to h be5 9 8 own pocket at eight 9 ! morn+1 & is f\nd 9 ano!r man's pocket at n9e4 ,z = ,c & ,l1 _! h&l+ ( ! ,text h]eab\ts cle>ly disqualifies !m f be+ cit$ 9 evid5ce4 ,!y are condemn$ "u ! note ( ,context4 ,adv]se te/imony is borne by ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph3 & by !m only4 ,!y omit ! words 9 dispute1--! ord9>y habit ( !irs1 & mo/ easily acc\nt$ =4 ,b h[ is ! punctual ins]tion ( ! words 9 e o!r kn[n copy to be expla9$8 ,9 ! meantime1 x rema9s to be /at$1--& ) ?is ,i %all take leave ( ! discussion1--t h]eab\ts 'we h a set ( passages :i* be> cle> m>ks ( wilful & critical correction1 ?or\ghly c>ri$ out 9 ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 & only p>tially 9 ,cod4 ,b & "s ( its compe]s2 ! object be+ s f> to assimilate ! n>rative ( ,pet]'s d5ials ) ^? ( ! o!r ,evangeli/s1 z to suppress ! fact1 v\*$ = by ,/4 ,m>k only1 t ! cock cr[$ twice#bbg4' ,t incid5t %all be treat$ ( sep>ately4 ,c ^? pr9ciples /&1 :i* 9 ! face ( ! =ego+ /atem5t1 & ! evid5ce :i* prec$$ x1 ju/ify ! di/urbance ( ! text 9 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #gj8 ,we n[ pass on to a k9dr$ cause ( adult]ation ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,,footnotes3 #ahd ,?is pap] be>s ! date #ahgg3 b ,i h ?\ght be/ to keep ! words ) ?is caution to ! read]4 #ahe ,above1 p4 #cb4 #ahf ,! alleg$ evid5ce ( ,orig5 7iv4 #dec7 is nil2 ! sum ( x be+ t he takes no notice :atev] ( ! =ty words betwe5 ,greek3 opse/he me 79 v]4 #af71 & ,greek3 t\to ti e/9 79 v]4 #ah74 #ahg ,nonnus1--,greek3 hixomai eis g5ntra4 #ahh viii4 #dfe a & c4 #ahi iv4 #icb & #icc c4 #aij ,greek3 ana-keim5os epi-pesn4 ,us$ n to sugge/ ov]-famili>ity 7874 #aia ,beg9n+ ) ,anatolius ,laodic5us1 ,a4,d4 #bgj 7ap4 ,gall&4 iii4 #edh74 ,cf4 ,r\?1 ,rell4 i4 #db4 #aib ,greek3 ,ouk anakeitai monon1 alla kai t /!i epipiptei 7,opp4 viii4 #dbc a74--,greek3 ,ti de kai epipiptei t /!i 7ibid4 d74 ,note t ! passage ascrib$ to ',apol9>ius' 9 ,cord4 ,cat4 p4 #cdb 7:i* includes ! second ( ^! two ref]5ces7 is 9 reality "p ( ,*ryso/om's ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,john 7ubi supra1 c d74 #aic ,cord4 ,cat4 p4 #cda4 ,b x is only 9 ! ,greek3 keim5on 7or text7 t ! v]b is f\nd1--,opp4 iv4 #gce4 #aid ,greek3 ho de ?rasys oxei palm /!s9 a*rantoisi pesn p]ilm5os anr4 #aie iv4 #dcg c3 #ddj d4 #aif ,ibid4 p4 #cdb4 #aig ,ev5 ,*ryso/om1 :o c]ta9ly read ! place z we d1 is obs]v$ twice to glide into ! m ord9>y expression1 viz4 xiii4 #dbc1 l9e #ac f ! bottom1 & p4 #dbd1 l9e #ah f ! top4 #aih ,greek3 ho epi to /?os aut\ anapesn 7iii4 #a1 #a74 #aii ,greek3 ho epi to /?os t\ ,kyri\ anapesn 7ap4 ,euseb4 iii4 #ca74 #bjj ,greek3 ,ti dei p]i t\ anapesontos epi to /?os lege9 t\ ',is\ 7ibid4 vi4 #be4 ,opp4 iv4 #ie74 #bja ,greek3 ho epi t /!i t\ phlogos anapesn 7,opp4 ii4 #di a4 ,cf4 #acc c74 #bjb 7,z quot$ by ,polycrates73 ,opp4 i4 #ajfb3 ii4 #h4 #bjc ,greek3 t\ eis to ts sophias /?os pi/s epanapesontos 7ap4 ,*rys1 xiii4 #ee74 #bjd ,greek3 ho epi to /?os t\ ,is\ anapauetai 7,opp4 i4 #eia74 #bje 7,z quot$ by ,polycrates73 ,opp4 i4 #dhh4 #bjf ,wright's ,apocryphal ,acts 7f\r? c5tury71 translat$ f ! ,syriac1 p4 #c4 #bjg 7,f\r? or fif? c5tury7 ap4 ,gall&4 vi4 #acb4 #bjh ,ap4 ,*rys4 viii4 #bif4 #bji ,on a fre% ,revision1 c41 p4 #gc4--';,greek3 ,anapipte91 7:i* occurs elev5 times 9 ! ,n4,t471 :5 said ( gue/s 7,greek3 anakeim5oi7 at a repa/1 d5otes no?+ :atev] b ! prelim9>y act ( ea* 9 tak+ 8 place at ! table2 be+ ! ,greek equival5t = our sitt+ d[n to d9n]4 ,s f> only does x signify *ange ( po/ure4 ,! notion ( fall+ backw>d q disappe>s 9 ! notion ( recl9+ or ly+ d[n4'--,9 ,/4 ,john xxi4 #bj1 ! language ( ! ,evangeli/ is ! v mirror ( 8 ?\ght2 :i* evid5tly pass$ directly f ! mom5t :5 he assum$ 8 place at ! table 7,greek3 anepes571 to t lat] mom5t :5 7,greek3 epi to /?os aut\7 he int]rogat$ 8 ,div9e ,ma/] conc]n+ ,judas4 ,x is a g5]al description ( an incid5t1--= ! details ( :i* we h to ref] to ! circum/antial & au?oritative n>rative :i* w5t be=e4 #baj ,traditional ,text1 ,app5dix ,,iv4 #baa ,pe%4 & ,h>kl43 ,cur4 & ,lew4 are defective4 #bab ,?us ,griesba*1 ,s*olz1 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,wordswor?1 ,gre51 ,scriv5]1 ,mc,clellan1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s4 #bac ,9 pseudo-,j]ome's ,brev4 9 ,psalm41 ,opp4 vii4 7ad calc47 #aih4 #bad ,mont4 i4 #dfb4 #bae ,ubi supra4 #baf ,omitt+ trifl+ v>iants4 #bag ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl are exclusively responsible on #de occasions3 ,c 7i4e4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcl71 on #bg3 ,d1 on #ce3 ,symbol3 ,delta1 on #gc3 ,,cd1 on #ai3 ,c,symbol3 ,delta1 on #aah3 ,d,symbol3 ,delta 7i4e4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl,symbol3 ,delta71 on #db3 ,,cd,symbol3 ,delta1 on #ff4 #bah ,9 ! text ( ,evan4 #gb ! read+ 9 dispute is n f\nd3 #bje1 #bjf are duplicates ( #bji3 & #bbb1 #bee are only fragm5ts4 ,!re rema9 #a1 #bb1 #cc1 #fa1 #fc1 #aae1 #aca1 #aea1 #aeb1 #afa1 #ahd1 #bji1 #bec1 #cgb1 #cia3--( :i* ! six at ,rome require to be re-exam9$4 #bai v4 #aj4 #bbj ,ap4 ,hi]on4 vii4 #ag4 #bba ',evangeli/as argu]e falsitatis1 hoc impiorum e/1 ,celsi1 ,porphyrii1 ,juliani4' ,hi]on4 i4 #caa4 #bbb ,greek3 graphes to9un e/i sphalma4 ,quot$ 7f ! lo/ "w ( ,eusebius ad ,m>9um7 9 ,victor ( ,ant4's ,cat5a1 ed4 ,cram]1 p4 #bfg4 7,see ,simon1 iii4 #hi2 ,mai1 iv4 #bii2 ,mat?aei's ,n4,t4 ii4 #bj1 c47 #bbc ',nos autem nom5 ,isaiae putamus additum ,scriptorum vitio1 quod et 9 aliis locis prob>e possumus4' vii4 #ag 7,i suspect he got x f ,eusebius74 #bbd ,see ,/udia ,biblica1 ii4 p4 #bdi4 ,syrian ,=m ( ,ammonian sections & ,eusebian ,canons by ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,gwilliam1 ,b4,d4 ,mr4 ,gwilliam gives ,/4 ,luke iii4 #d-f1 accord+ to ! ,syrian =m4 #bbe ,comp>e ,/4 ,m>k vi4 #g-ac ) ,/4 ,luke ix4 #a-f4 #bbf ,s*ulz1--'et ,greek3 lalia et ,greek3 omoiazei ali5a a ,m>co4' ,tis*5dorf--'omn9o e ,mat?aeo fluxit3 ipsum ,greek3 omoiazei glossatoris e/4' ,?is is fooli%ness1--n criticism4 #bbg ,scriv5]'s ,full ,collation ( ! ,cod4 ,s941 c41 #bnd ed41 p4 xlvii4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption ,,*iefly ,,int5tional4 ,,iii4 ,attraction4 #a4 ,!re exi/ n a few corrupt ,read+s1--& !y h impos$ l>gely on _m critics1--:i*1 /range to relate1 h aris5 f no?+ else b ! pron5ess ( words /&+ side by side 9 a s5t5ce to be attract$ into a lik5ess ( end+1--:e!r 9 respect ( grammatical =m or ( s\nd2 :]eby sometimes ! s5se is made to suff] griev\sly1--sometimes entirely to disappe>4 ,let ?is be call$ ! error ( ,attraction4 ,! ph5om5a ( ',assimilation' are entirely di/9ct4 ,a some:at gross in/ance1 :i* h[ev] has impos$ on le>n$ critics1 is furni%$ by ! ,revis$ ,text & ,v]sion ( ,/4 ,john vi4 #ga & xiii4 #bf4 ',judas ,isc>iot' is a comb9ation ( appellatives ) :i* e ,*ri/ian e> is ev5 awfully famili>4 ,! expression ,greek3 ,i\das ,isk>its is f\nd 9 ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #d & xxvi4 #ad3 9 ,/4 ,m>k iii4 #ai & xiv4 #aj3 9 ,/4 ,luke vi4 #af1 & 9 xxii4 #ca ) ! express /atem5t add$ t ,judas 0 s 'surnam$4' ,s f> happily we are all agre$4 ,/4 ,john's inv>iable practice is to designate ! traitor1 :om he names f\r times1 z ',judas ,isc>iot1 ! son ( ,simon2'--jeal\s d\btless = ! hon\r ( 8 bro!r ,apo/le1 ',jude 7,greek3 ,i\das7 ! bro!r ( ,james#bbh'3 & resolv$ t !re %all be no mi/ake ab\t ! traitor's id5tity4 ,:o does n at once recall ! ,evangeli/'s /rik+ p>5!sis 9 ,/4 ,john xiv4 #bb1--';,judas 7n ,isc>iot7'8 ,accord+ly1 9 ,/4 ,john xiii4 #b ! ,revis]s pres5t u ) ',judas ,isc>iot1 ,simon's son'3 & ev5 9 ,/4 ,john xii4 #d !y are cont5t to read ',judas ,isc>iot4' ,b 9 ! two places ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel :i* rema9 to be notic$1 viz4 vi4 #ga & xiii4 #bf1 in/ead ( ',judas ,isc>iot ! son ( ,simon' ! ,revis]s require u h5ce=? to read1 ',judas ! son ( ,simon ,isc>iot4' ,& :y8 ,only1 ,i answ]1 because--9 place ( ,greek3 ,i\dan ,simnos ,isk>i,t,n 79 vi4 #ga7 & ,greek3 ,i\da ,simnos ,isk>i,t 79 xiii4 #bf7--;a little h&ful ( copies sub/itute on bo? occasions ,greek3 ,isk>i,,t\4 ,ne$ ,i g on8 ,no?+ else has evid5tly happ5$ b t1 ?r\gh ! oscitancy ( "s v e>ly scribe1 ! ,greek3 ,isk>i,t,n1 ,greek3 ,isk>i,t1 h be5 attract$ into concord ) ! imm$iately prec$+ g5itive ,greek3 ,s,im,,nos 444 ,s transp>5t a blund] w\ld h sc>cely des]v$ a pass+ rem>k at our h&s _h x be5 suff]$ to rema91--:]e su* btises are ! rule & n ! exception1--viz4 9 ! columns ( ,codexes ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,b /range to say1 n only h ! ,revis]s adopt$ ?is corrupt read+ 9 ! two passages already m5tion$1 b !y h n let s mu* z a h9t fall t any alt]ation :atsoev] has be5 made by !m 9 ! inspir$ ,text4 #b4 ,ano!r & a f> grav] case ( ',attraction' is f\nd 9 ,acts xx4 #bd4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 8 address to ! eld]s ( ,ephesus1 ref]s to ! disc\ragem5ts he has _h to enc\nt]4 ',b none ( ^! ?+s move me1' he gr&ly exclaims1 'nei!r c\nt ,i my life de> unto myself1 s t ,i might f9i% my c\rse ) joy4' ,! ,greek = ?is beg9s ,greek3 all' oud5os logon poi\mai3 :]e "s second or ?ird c5tury copyi/ 7misl$ by ! prec$+ g5itive7 9 place ( ,greek3 logo,n writes ,greek3 logo,u2 ) :at calamit\s consequ5ce1 has be5 f\nd l>gely expla9$ else:]e#bbi4 ,happily1 ! error survives only 9 ,codd4 ,b & ,c3 & _! "* is already kn[n by ! read]s ( ?is book & ! ,companion ,volume4 ,s mu* has be5 else:]e (f]$ on ?is subject t ,i %all say no m ab\t x "h3 b proce$ to pres5t my read] ) ano!r & m fam\s in/ance ( attraction4 ,/4 ,paul 9 a c]ta9 place 7#b ,cor4 iii4 #c7 tells ! ,cor9?ians1 9 allusion to ! language ( ,exodus xxxi4 #ab1 xxxiv4 #a1 t !y are an epi/le n writt5 on '/ony tables 7,greek3 en plaxi li?9ais71' b on 'fle%y tables ( ! he>t 7,greek3 en plaxi k>dias s>k9ais74' ,! "o prop] pro( t ?is is :at ,/4 ,paul actually wrote1 is n only 7#a7 ,t ! ,copies l>gely prepond]ate 9 fav\r ( s exhibit+ ! place3 b 7#b7 ,t ! ,v]sions1 ) ! s+le exception ( 't abject slave ( manuscripts ! ,philox5ian or ,h>kleian ,syriac1' are all on ! same side3 & la/ly 7#c7 ,t ! ,fa!rs are z ne>ly z possible unanim\s4 ,let ! evid5ce = ,greek3 k>dias 7unkn[n to ,tis*5dorf & ! re/7 be produc$ 9 detail3-- ,9 ! second c5tury1 ,ir5aeus#bcj1--! ,old ,lat91--! ,pe%itto4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ,orig5 sev5 times#bca1--! ,coptic v]sion4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ! ,dialogus#bcb1--;,didymus#bcc1--;,basil# bcd1--;,gregory ,nyss4#bce1--,m>cus ! ,monk#bcf1--;,*ryso/om 9 two places#bcg1--,nilus#bch1--! ,vulgate1--& ! ,go?ic v]sions4 ,9 ! fif? c5tury1 ,cyril#bci1--;,isidorus#bdj1--,!odoret#b da1--! ,arm5ian--& ! ,e?iopic v]sions4 ,9 ! sev5? c5tury1 ,victor1 ,bp4 ( ,c>?age address+ ,!odorus ,p4#bdb ,9 ! eigh? c5tury1 ,j4 ,damasc5e#bdc 444 ,besides1 ( ! ,lat9s1 ,hil>y#bdd1--;,ambrose#bde1--,optatus#bd f1--;,j]ome#bdg1-- ,ti*onius#bdh1--;,augu/9e ?irte5 times#bdi1--;,fulg5tius#bej1 & o!rs#bea 444 ,if ?is be n ov]:elm+ evid5ce1 may ,i be told :at is#beb8 ,b !n x s happ5s t--attract$ by ! two datives betwe5 :i* ,greek3 k>dias /&s1 & tempt$ by ! consequ5t j+le1 a surpris+ numb] ( copies are f\nd to exhibit ! 'p]fectly absurd' & ':olly unnatural read+#bec1' ,greek3 plaxi kardi,a,i,s sarkin,a,i,s4 ,& because 7z might h be5 expect$ f _! "*7 ,a#bed;,b,symbol3 ,aleph,,cd#bee are all five ( ! numb]1--,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 "o & all adopt & advocate ! awkw>d blund]#bef4 ,greek3 ,k>diais is also adopt$ by ! ,revis]s ( #ahha )\t s mu* z a h9t let fall 9 ! m>g9 t ! evid5ce is ov]:elm+ly aga9/ !mselves & 9 fav\r ( ! traditional ,text ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion#beg4 ,,footnotes3 #bbh ,/4 ,luke vi4 #af2 ,acts i4 #ac2 ,/4 ,jude #a4 #bbi ,above1 pp4 #bh-ca4 #bcj #gec int4 #bca ii4 #hdc c4 ,also int ii4 #if1 #cjc2 iv4 #dai1 #dhi1 #ebi1 #eeh4 #bcb ,ap4 ,orig4 i4 #hff a1--int]e/+ & emphatic te/imony4 #bcc ,cord4 ,cat4 9 ,ps4 i4 #bgb4 #bcd i4 #afa e4 ,cord4 ,cat4 9 ,ps4 i4 #hdd4 #bce i4 #fhb 7,greek3 ouk en plaxi li?9ais 444 all' en t ts k>dias pyxi74 #bcf ,gall&4 viii4 #dj b4 #bcg vii4 #b3 x4 #dge4 #bch i4 #bi4 #bci i4 #h3 ii4 #ejd3 v#b4 #fe4 7,aub]t pr9ts ,greek3 k>dias s>k9s4 ,! publi%$ ,concilia 7iii4 #adj7 exhibits ,greek3 k>dias s>k9ais4 ,pusey1 f9d+ 9 "o ( 8 ,,mss4 ,greek3 all' en plaxi k>dias li?9ais 7sic71 pr9ts ,greek3 k>dias s>k9ais47 ,ap4 ,mai1 iii4 #hi1 #ij4 #bdj #bii4 #bda iii4 #cjb4 #bdb ,concil4 vi4 #aed4 #bdc ii4 #abi4 #bdd #cdd4 #bde i4 #gfb3 ii4 #ffh1 #achj4 #bdf ,gall&4 v4 #eje4 #bdg vi4 #fji4 #bdh ,gall&4 viii4 #gdb dis4 #bdi i4 #fgb3 ii4 #di3 iii#a4 #dgb1 #efj3 iv4 #acjb3 v4 #gdc-d3 viii4 #caa3 x4 #ih1 #aja1 #ajd1 #ajg1 #aaj4 #bej ,gall&4 xi4 #bdh4 #bea ,ps4-,ambrose1 ii4 #agf4 #beb ,yet /range to say1 ,tis*5dorf claims ! support ( ,didymus & ,!odoret = ,greek3 k>diais1 on ! gr\nd t 9 ! c\rse ( _! expository rem>ks !y contra/ ,greek3 k>diai s>k9ai 7or ,greek3 logikai7 ) ,greek3 plakes li?9ai3 z if x 7 n ! ^w ,greek3 plaxi :i* alone occasions difficulty4 ,aga91 ,tis*5dorf enum]ates ,cod4 ,e 7,paul7 among 8 au?orities4 ,_h he !n =gott5 t ,e is 'no?+ bett] ?an a transcript ( ,cod4 ,d 7,cl>omontanus71 made by "s ignorant p]son'8 t '! ,greek is manife/ly wor?less1 & t x %\ld long s9ce h be5 remov$ f ! li/ ( au?orities'8 ,scriv5]'s ,introd41 #d? edit41 i4 #agg4 ,see also ,traditional ,text1 p4 #fe1 & note4 ,tis*5dorf is frequ5tly inaccurate 9 8 ref]5ces to ! fa!rs4 #bec ,scriv5]'s ,introd4 ii4 #bed4 #bed ,a 9 ! ,epi/les diff]s f ,a 9 ! ,gospels4 #bee ,besides ,,glp & ! foll[+ cursives1--#bi1 #cj1 #dd1 #de1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #ee1 #gd1 #ajd1 #ajf1 #aji1 #aab1 #aac1 #aae1 #acg1 #bai1 #bba1 #bch1 #beb1 #bee1 #beg1 #bfb1 #bgg4 #bef ,t ,i may n be accus$ ( suppress+ :at is to be said on ! o!r side1 let x be "h add$ t ! sum ( ! adv]se evid5ce 7besides ! te/imony ( _m ,,mss47 is ! ,h>kleian v]sion3--! d\btful te/imony ( ,eusebius 7=1 ?\gh ,val]ius reads ,greek3 k>dias1 ! ,,mss4 l>gely prepond]ate :i* read ,greek3 k>diais 9 ,h4 ,e4 ,m>t4 ,pal4 cxiii4 #f4 ,see ,burton's ed4 p4 #fcg73--;,cyril 9 "o place1 z expla9$ above3--& la/ly1 a quotation f ,*ryso/om on ! ,maccabees1 giv5 9 ,cram]'s ,cat5a1 vii4 #eie 7,greek3 en plaxi k>diais s>k9ais71 :i* reappe>s at ! end ( eight l9es )\t ! ^w ,greek3 plaxi4 #beg ,! pap]s on ,assimilation & ,attraction 7 left by ! ,dean 9 ! same portfolio4 ,no d\bt he w\ld h sep>at$ !m1 if he _h liv$ to complete 8 "w1 & amplifi$ 8 treatm5t ( ! latt]1 = ! mat]ials "u t head 7 scanty4--,= #b ,cor4 iii4 #c1 see also a note ( my own to p4 #fe ( ,! ,traditional ,text4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption ,,*iefly ,,int5tional4 ,,iv4 ,omission4 ,we h n[ to consid] ! l>ge/ ( all classes ( corrupt v>iations f ! g5u9e ,text#beh--! omission ( words & clauses & s5t5ces1--a truly f]tile prov9ce ( inquiry4 ,omissions are mu* 9 fav\r ) a p>ticul> s*ool ( critics2 ?\gh a habit ( admitt+ !m :e!r 9 anci5t or mod]n times _c b be symptomatic ( a t5d5cy to scepticism4 #a4 ,omissions are (t5 treat$ z ',v>i\s ,read+s4' ,yet only by an ,hib]nian lic5ce c words omitt$ be s reckon$3 = 9 tru? ! v ess5ce ( ! matt] is t on su* occasions no?+ is read4 ,x is to ! case ( words omitt$ h[ev] t ?is *apt] is to be exclusively devot$4 ,& x w be borne 9 m9d t ,i speak n[ ( ^? words alone :]e ! words are obs]v$ to exi/ 9 n9ety-n9e ,,mss4 out ( a hundr$1 s to speak2--be+ away only f t hundr$? copy4 ,n[ x becomes evid5t1 z soon z att5tion has be5 call$ to ! circum/ance1 t su* a ph5om5on requires sep>ate treatm5t4 ,words s omitt$ lab\r prima facie "u a disadvantage :i* is all _! own4 ,my mean+ w be be/ illu/rat$ if ,i may be all[$ to adduce & briefly discuss a few examples4 ,& ,i w beg9 ) a crucial case2--! mo/ conspicu\s d\btless )9 ! :ole compass ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i mean ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel2 :i* v]ses are ei!r bracket$ (f1 or else entirely sev]$ f ! re/ ( ! ,gospel1 by ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,al=d & o!rs4 ,! w>rant ( ^? critics = deal+ ?us unc]emoni\sly ) a portion ( ! sacr$ deposit is ! fact t :]eas ,eusebius1 = ! /atem5t re/s solely ) him1 decl>es t anci5tly _m copies 7 )\t ! v]ses 9 "q1 our two olde/ extant ,,mss4 conspire 9 omitt+ !m4 ,b1 ,i reply1 ! latt] circum/ance does n conduct to ! inf]5ce t ^? v]ses are spuri\s4 ,x only proves t ! /atem5t ( ,eusebius 0 correct4 ,! ,fa!r cit$ did n1 z is evid5t f 8 words#bei1 himself d\bt ! g5u95ess ( ! v]ses 9 "q2 b admitt$ !m to be g5u9e4 ,he quotes two op9ions2--! op9ion ( an advocate :o que/ions _! g5u95ess1 & an oppos+ op9ion :i* he evid5tly consid]s ! bett] ( ! two1 s9ce he re/s ^u ! latt] & ca/s a slur ^u ! =m] z be+ an (f-h& exp$i5t2 besides t he quotes sev]al words out ( ! twelve v]ses1 & argues at great l5g? ^u ! second hypo!sis4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "o & t ! lea/ faulty ( ! two ,,mss4 witness+ = ! omission confesses mutely its error by leav+ a vacant space :]e ! omitt$ v]ses %\ld h come 92 :il/ ! o!r 0 app>5tly copi$ f an exempl> conta9+ ! v]ses#bfj4 ,& all ! o!r copies ins]t !m1 except ,l & a few cursives :i* propose a manife/ly spuri\s sub/itute = ! v]ses1--toge!r ) all ! v]sions1 except "o ,old ,lat9 7k71 ! ,lewis ,codex1 two ,arm5ian ,,mss4 & an ,arabic ,lection>y1--besides m ?an n9ety te/imonies 9 _! fav\r f m ?an '=ty-f\r' anci5t witnesses#bfa2--su* is ! evid5ce :i* weighs d[n ! conflict+ te/imony ov] & ov] & ov] aga94 ,beyond all ?is1 ! cause ( ! error is pat5t4 ,"s scribe mi/ook ! ,greek3 ,telos occurr+ at ! end ( an ,ecclesia/ical ,lection at ! close ( *apt] xvi4 #h = ! ',end' ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel#bfb4 ,t is ! simple tru?3 & ! "q w n[ be ask$ by an intellig5t read]1 ',if su* is ! balance ( evid5ce1 h[ is x t le>n$ critics /ill d\bt ! g5u95ess ( ^? v]ses8' ,to ?is "q !re c be b "o answ]1 viz4 ',because ^? critics are bl9d$ by inv9cible prejudice 9 fav\r ( two unsafe guides1 & on behalf ( ,omission4' ,we h already se5 en\gh ( ! "* ( ^? guides1 & are n[ anxi\s to le>n :at !re c be 9 omissions :i* r5d] !m s acceptable to m9ds ( ! pres5t day4 ,& we c imag9e no?+ except ! halo :i* has ga!r$ r\nd ! detection ( spuri\s passages 9 mod]n times1 & has ext5d$ to a suppos$ detection ( passages :i* 9 fact are n spuri\s4 ,"s p appe> to feel delight if !y c prove any *>ge aga9/ p :o claim to be or?odox2 o!rs )\t any su* feel+ delight 9 sup]ior criticism2 & ! flav\r ( scepticism especially comm5ds itself to ! ta/e ( _m4 ,to ! vot>ies ( su* criticism1 omissions ( passages :i* !y /yle 'int]polations1' (f] tempt+ly spaci\s hunt+-fields4 ,yet ! exp]i5ce ( copyi/s w\ld pron\nce t ,omission is ! besett+ fault ( transcrib]s4 ,x is s easy "u ! influ5ce ( ! desire ( accompli%+ a task1 or at lea/ ( anxiety = mak+ progress1 to pass ov] a ^w1 a l9e1 or ev5 m l9es ?an "o4 ,z has be5 expla9$ be=e1 ! eye readily moves f "o end+ to a simil> end+ ) a surpris+ t5d5cy to pursue ! c\rse :i* w\ld light5 lab\r in/ead ( increas+ x4 ,! cumulative result ( su* abridgem5t by omission on ! "p ( successive scribes may be easily imag9$1 & 9 fact is j :at is pres5t$ 9 ,codex ,b#bfc4 ,besides ^! consid]ations1 ! passages :i* are omitt$1 & :i* we claim to be g5u9e1 be> 9 !mselves ! "* belong+ to ! re/ ( ! ,gospels1 inde$--9 ,dr4 ,hort's expressive phrase--'h ! true r+ ( g5u95ess4' ,!y are n l "s :i* "s critics ( ! same s*ool w\ld fa9 =ce ^u u#bfd4 ,b beyond all1--& ?is is ! real s\rce & gr\nd ( atte/ation1--!y enjoy sup]ior evid5ce f copies1 g5]ally beyond comp>ison ) ! oppos+ te/imony1 f ,v]sions1 & f ,fa!rs4 #b4 ,! fact seems to be all b ov]look$ t a v mu* l>g] am\nt ( pro( ?an usual is requir$ at ! h&s ( ^? :o w\ld p]suade u to cancel words :i* h be5 hi!rto by all p]sons1--9 all ages1--9 all c\ntries1--reg>d$ z inspir$ ,scripture4 ,!y h 7#a7 to acc\nt = ! fact ( ^? words' exi/5ce3 & next 7#b71 to demon/rate t !y h no "r to _! place 9 ! sacr$ page4 ,! discov]y t f a few copies !y are away1 cle>ly has v little to d ) ! "q4 ,we may be able to acc\nt = ! omission f ^? few copies3 & ! in/ant we h done ?is1 ! negative evid5ce--! argum5t e sil5tio--has be5 effectually dispos$ (4 ,a v diff]5t task--a f> grav] responsibility--is impos$ ^u ! adv]se p>ty1 z may be easily %ewn4 ,!y mu/ e/abli% _m modes ( acc\nt+ = _m classes & gr\ps ( evid5ce4 ,broad & sweep+ measures are n[ out ( date4 ,! burd5 ( pro( lies ) !m4 #c4 ,! =ce ( :at ,i am say+ w be be/ und]/ood if a few actual specim5s ( omission may be adduc$1 & individually consid]$4 ,& fir/1 let u take ! case ( an omitt$ ^w4 ,9 ,/4 ,luke vi4 #a ,greek3 deut]oprt is omitt$ f "s ,,mss4 ,we/cott & ,hort & ! ,revis]s accord+ly exhibit ! text ( t place z foll[s3--,greek3 ,eg5eto de en sabbat diaporeue/hai auton dia sporimn4 ,n[ ,i desire to be in=m$ h[ x is cr$ible t s v difficult & peculi> a ^w z ?is1--= inde$ ! expression has nev] yet be5 satisfactorily expla9$1--%\ld h f\nd its way into e kn[n ,evangelium except ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl & a few cursives1 if x be spuri\s8 ,h[ x came to be "h & !re omitt$1 is intelligible en\gh4 7a7 ,"o has b to glance at ! ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 ,greek3 ,,to ,,en ,,sabbat ,greek3 ,,deut]opr,t 9 ord] to see t ! l end+ 7,greek3 ,t7 9 ! sup]ior l9e1 fully acc\nts = ! omission ( ! second l9e4 7b7 ,a prop] lesson beg9s at ?is place2 :i* by itself w\ld expla9 ! ph5om5on4 7c7 ,words :i* ! copyi/s 7 at a loss to und]/&1 are (t5 obs]v$ to be dropp$3 & !re is no h>d] ^w 9 ! ,gospels ?an ,greek3 deut]oprtos4 ,b ,i repeat1--w y tell u h[ x is conceivable t a ^w n[h]e else f\nd1 & kn[n to be a crux to comm5tators & o!rs1 %\ld h crept into all ! copies except a small h&ful8 ,9 reply to all ?is1 ,i %all ( c\rse be told t really ,i mu/ yield to :at is aft] all ! weight ( ext]nal evid5ce3 t ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl are n ord9>y ,,mss4 b fir/-class au?orities1 ( suffici5t importance to outweigh any numb] ( ! lat] cursive ,,mss4 ,my rejo9d] is pla93--,n only am ,i ( c\rse will+ to yield to ext]nal evid5ce1 b x is precisely 'ext]nal evid5ce' :i* makes me insi/ on reta9+ ,greek3 deut]oprto--apo melissi\ kri\--h>as ton /auron--kai aneph]eto eis ton ouranon--hotan eklipte--! #ad? v]se ( ,/4 ,mat!w's xxiiird *apt]--& ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel4 ,= my own "p1 ,i entirely d5y ! cog5cy ( ! propos$ pro(1 & ,i h cle>ly already e/abli%$ ! gr\nds ( my refusal4 ,:o !n is to be ! daysman betwe5 u8 ,we are driv5 back on fir/ pr9ciples1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 if x may n be possible to meet on "s common gr\nd1 & by ! application ( ord9>y logical pr9ciples ( reason+ to cle> our view4 ,z to ^! we mu/ ref] ! read] to ! fir/ volume ( ?is "w4 ,v>i\s cases ( omission h be5 j quot$1 & _m h be5 discuss$ else:]e4 ,accord+ly1 x w n be necess>y to exhibit ?is l>ge class ( corruptions at ! l5g? :i* x w\ld o!rwise dem&4 ,b a few m in/ances are requir$1 9 ord] t ! read] may see 9 ?is connexion t _m passages at lea/ :i* ! oppos+ s*ool designate z ,int]polations are really g5u9e1 & t /ud5ts may be plac$ ^u _! gu>d aga9/ ! s\rce ( error t we are discuss+4 #d4 ,& fir/ z to ! rejection ( an entire v]se4 ,! #dd? v]se ( ,/4 ,matt4 xxi1 consi/+ ( ! fifte5 words pr9t$ at foot#bfe1 is m>k$ z d\btful by ,tregelles1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s3--by ,tis*5dorf x is reject$ z spuri\s4 ,we insi/ t1 on ! contr>y1 x is indubitably g5u9e2 reason+ f ! antiquity1 ! v>iety1 ! respectability1 ! l>g5ess1 or r1 ! g5]al unanimity ( its atte/ation4 ,= ! v]se is f\nd 9 ! ,old ,lat91 & 9 ! ,vulgate1--9 ! ,pe%itto1 ,curetonian1 & ,h>kleian ,syriac1--besides 9 ! ,coptic1 ,arm5ian1 & ,e?iopic v]sions4 ,x is f\nd also 9 ,orig5#bff1-- ps4-,tatian#bfg--;,aphraates#bfh1--;,*ry so/om#bfi1--;,cyril ,alex4#bgj1-- ! ,opus ,imp]fectum#bga1--;,j]ome#bgb1--;,augu/9 e#bgc3--;9 ,codexes ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,c,symbol3 ,!ta,symbol3 ,sigma,,xz,symbol3 ,delta,symbol3 ,pi,,efg ,,hklmsuv1--9 %ort1 x is atte/$ by e kn[n ,codex except two ( bad "*1 viz4--,d1 #cc2 toge!r ) five copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 viz4--a b e ff#a ff#b4 ,!re h !re=e be5 adduc$ = ! v]se 9 dispute at lea/ five witnesses ( ! second or ?ird c5tury3--at lea/ eight ( ! f\r?3--at lea/ sev5 if n eight ( ! fif?3 aft] :i* date ! te/imony 9 fav\r ( ?is v]se is ov]:elm+4 ,h[ c\ld we be ju/ifi$ 9 oppos+ to su* a mass ( fir/-rate te/imony ! solit>y evid5ce ( ,cod4 ,d 7conc]n+ :i* see above1 ,vol4 ,i4 c4 viii47 support$ only by a s+le errant ,cursive & a little h&ful ( copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 v]sions1 ev5 al?\gh ! ,lewis ,codex has jo9$ ?is petty b&8 ,b1 says ,tis*5dorf1--! v]se is omitt$ by ,orig5 & by ,eusebius1--by ,ir5aeus & by ,lucif] ( ,cagli>i1--z well z by ,cyril ( ,alex&ria4 ,i answ]1 ?is mo/ insecure ( argum5ts = mutilat+ ! traditional text is pla9ly inadmissible on ! pres5t occasion4 ,! critic ref]s to ! fact t ,ir5aeus#bgd1 ,orig5#bge1 ,eusebius#bgf & ,cyril#bgg hav+ quot$ '! p>able ( ! wick$ husb&m5' 9 ext5so 7viz4 f v]se #cc to v]se #dc71 leave (f at v]se #dc4 ,:y may !y n leave (f :]e ! p>able leaves (f8 ,:y %\ld !y quote any fur!r8 ,v]se #dd is no?+ to _! purpose4 ,& s9ce ! ,gospel = ,monday morn+ 9 ,holy ,week v]ses #ah-dc1 9 e kn[n copy ( ! ,lection>y actually ends at v]se #dc1--:y %\ld n _! quotation ( x end at ! same v]se8 ,b1 un=tunately = ! critic1 ,orig5 & ,cyril 7z we h se51--! latt] expressly17 else:]e actually quote ! v]se 9 dispute4 ,& h[ c ,tis*5dorf ma9ta9 t ,lucif] yields adv]se te/imony#bgh8 ,t ,fa!r quotes no?+ b v]se #dc1 :i* is all he requires = 8 purpose#bgi4 ,:y %\ld he h also quot$ v]se #dd1 :i* he does n require8 ,z well might x be ma9ta9$ t ,mac>ius ,egyptius#bhj & ,philo ( ,c>pasus#bha omit v]se #dd1 because 7l ,lucif]7 !y only quote v]se #dc4 ,i h else:]e expla9$ :at ,i suspect occasion$ ! omission ( ,/4 ,matt4 xxi4 #dd f a few ,we/]n copies ( ! ,gospels#bhb4 ,tis*5dorf's op9ion t ?is v]se is a fabricat$ imitation ( ! p>allel v]se 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel#bhc 7xx4 #ah7 is cle>ly unt5able4 ,ei!r place has its di/9ctive type1 :i* ei!r has ma9ta9$ all d[n ! ages4 ,! s+le fact t ,/4 ,matt4 xxi4 #dd 9 ! ,pe%itto v]sion has a sectional numb] to itself#bhd is f> too weighty to be set aside on no?+ bett] ?an suspicion4 ,if a v]se s elaborately atte/$ z ! pres5t be n g5u9e1 we mu/ ab&on all hope ( ev] atta9+ to any c]ta9ty conc]n+ ! ,text ( ,scripture4 ,9 ! meantime !re em]ges f ! treatm5t :i* ,/4 ,matt4 xxi4 #dd has exp]i5c$ at ! h&s ( ,tis*5dorf1 ! discov]y t1 9 ! e/imation ( ,tis*5dorf1 ,cod4 ,d is a docum5t ( s mu* importance z occasionally to outweigh almo/ by itself ! o!r copies ( all ages & c\ntries 9 ,*ri/5dom4 #e4 ,i am guid$ to my next example1 viz4 ! text ( ,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #h1 by ! *oice delib]ately made ( t place by ,dr4 ,tregelles 9 ord] to e/abli% ! peculi> !ory ( ,textual ,revision :i* he advocates s /r5u\sly2 & :i*1 ev] s9ce ! days ( ,griesba*1 has x mu/ be confess$ enjoy$ ! absolute confid5ce ( mo/ ( ! illu/ri\s editors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is is1 9 fact1 ! second example on ,tregelles' li/4 ,9 approa*+ x1 ,i take leave to po9t out t t le>n$ critic un9t5tionally hoodw9ks 8 read]s by n sett+ be=e !m 9 full ! problem :i* he proposes to discuss4 ,?or\ghly to und]/& ?is matt]1 ! /ud5t %\ld be rem9d$ t !re is f\nd 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #h1--;& p>allel to x 9 ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #f1-- ,/4 ,matt4 ',ye hypocrites1 well did ,isaiah prophesy ( y say+1 ,?is p drawe? nigh unto ,me ) _! m\? & hon\re? me ) _! lips 7,greek3 engizei moi ho laos h\tos t /omati autn1 kai tois *eilesi me tima71 b _! he>t is f> f ,me4' ,/4 ,m>k4 ',well did ,isaiah prophesy ( y1 hypocrites1 z x is writt51 ,?is p hon\re? ,me ) _! lips 7,greek3 h\tos ho laos tois *eilesi me tima71 b _! he>t is f> f ,me4' ,! place ( ,isaiah ref]r$ to1 viz4 *4 xxix4 #ac1 reads z foll[s 9 ! ord9>y editions ( ! ,,lxx3--,greek3 kai eipe ,kyrios1 engizei moi ho laos h\tos en t /omati aut\1 kai en tois *eiles9 autn timsi me4 ,n[1 ab\t ! text ( ,/4 ,m>k 9 ?is place no "q is rais$4 ,nei!r is !re any v>i\s read+ wor? speak+ ( 9 n9ety-n9e ,,mss4 out ( a hundr$ 9 respect ( ! text 9 ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,b :5 ref]5ce is made to ! two olde/ copies 9 exi/5ce1 ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph1 we are pres5t$ ) :at1 b = ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 w\ld h appe>$ to u a /rangely abbreviat$ read+4 ,bo? ,,mss4 conspire 9 exhibit+ ,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #h1 z foll[s3--,greek3 ho laos h\tos tois *eilesi me tima4 ,s t six words 7,greek3 engizei moi & ,greek3 t /omati autn1 kai7 are n recogniz$ by !m3 9 :i* peculi>ity !y are c\nt5anc$ by ,,dltc1 two cursive copies1 & ! foll[+ v]sions3--,old ,lat9 except f1 ,vulgate1 ,curetonian1 ,lewis1 ,pe%itto1 & ,bohairic1 7,cod4 ,a1 ! ,sahidic & ,go?ic v]sions1 be+ imp]fect "h47 ,to ?is evid5ce1 ,tis*5dorf adds a phalanx ( ,fa!rs3--,clem5s ,romanus 7,a4,d4 #gj71 ,ptolemaeus ! ,gno/ic 7,a4,d4 #aej71 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us 7,a4,d4 #aij71 ,orig5 9 ?ree places 7,a4,d4 #baj71 ,eusebius 7,a4,d4 #cbe71 ,basil1 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria1 ,*ryso/om3 & ,al=d supplies also ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 7,a4,d4 #aej74 ,! te/imony ( ,didymus 7,a4,d4 #cej71 :i* has be5 hi!rto ov]look$1 is express4 ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian1 ,hil>y1 are naturally f\nd to foll[ ! ,lat9 copies4 ,su* a weight ( evid5ce may n unreasonably inspire ,dr4 ,tregelles ) an exce$+ am\nt ( confid5ce4 ,accord+ly he decl>es 't ?is "o passage might be reli$ ^u z an important pro( t x is ! few ,,mss4 & n ! _m :i* accord ) anci5t te/imony4' ,avail+ himself ( ,dr4 ,scriv5]'s admission ( '! possibility t ! disput$ words 9 ! great bulk ( ! ,,mss4 7 ins]t$ f ! ,septuag9t ( ,isaiah xxix4 #acbhe1' ,dr4 ,tregelles insi/s 't on e true pr9ciple ( textual criticism1 ! words mu/ be reg>d$ z an amplification borr[$ f ! ,prophet4 ,?is naturally expla9s _! introduction1' 7he adds72 '& :5 once !y _h ga9$ a foot+ 9 ! text1 x is c]ta9 t !y w\ld be multipli$ by copyi/s1 :o almo/ always pref]r$ to make passages z full & complete z possible' 7p4 #aci74 ,dr4 ,tregelles !re=e relies ^u ?is "o passage1--n s mu* z a 'pro( t x is ! few ,,mss4 & n ! _m :i* accord ) anci5t te/imony'2--= "o in/ance _c possibly prove t2 & t is aft] all beside ! real "q2--b1 z a pro( t we are to reg>d ! text ( ,codd4 ,b,symbol3 ,aleph 9 ?is place z g5u9e1 & ! text ( all ! o!r ,codexes 9 ! _w z corrupt4 ,! read] has n[ ! hypo!sis fully be=e him by :i* f ! days ( ,griesba* x has be5 propos$ to acc\nt = ! discrepancy betwe5 '! few copies' on ! "o h&1 & ! :ole torr5t ( manuscript evid5ce on ! o!r4 ,n[1 z ,i am writ+ a book on ! pr9ciples ( ,textual ,criticism1 ,i mu/ be all[$ to set my read] on 8 gu>d aga9/ all su* unsupport$ dicta z ! prec$+1 ?\gh en=c$ ) emphasis & recomm5d$ by a des]v$ly respect$ "n4 ,i v5ture to ?9k t ! exact rev]se w be f\nd to be a va/ deal ne>] ! tru?3 viz4 t und\bt$ly spuri\s read+s1 al?\gh !y may at "o "t or o!r h succe$$ 9 obta9+ a foot+ 9 ,,mss41 & to "s ext5t may be obs]v$ ev5 to h propagat$ !mselves1 are yet discov]$ to die out spe$ily2 seldom inde$ to leave any consid]able numb] ( desc5dants4 ,!re has always 9 fact be5 a process ( elim9ation go+ on1 z well z ( self-propagation3 a corrective =ce at "w1 z well z "o ( det]ioration4 ,h[ else are we to acc\nt = ! utt] disappe>ance ( ! _m mon/ra potius quam v>iae lectiones :i* ! anci5ts nev]!less insi/ 7 preval5t 9 _! times8 ,x is en\gh to appeal to a s+le place 9 ,j]ome1 9 illu/ration ( :at ,i h be5 say+#bhf4 ,to return h[ev] f ?is digression4 ,we are invit$ !n to believe1--= x is well to "k at ! outset exactly :at is requir$ ( u1--t f ! fif? c5tury d[nw>ds e extant copy ( ! ,gospels except five 7,,dltc1 #cc1 #abd7 exhibits a text arbitr>ily int]polat$ 9 ord] to br+ x into con=mity ) ! ,greek v]sion ( ,isa4 xxix4 #ac4 ,on ?is wild hypo!sis ,i h ! foll[+ obs]vations to make3-- #a4 ,x is altoge!r unacc\ntable1 if ?is be inde$ a true acc\nt ( ! matt]1 h[ x has come to pass t 9 no s+le ,,ms4 9 ! _w1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 has ?is con=mity be5 successfully a*iev$3 = :]eas ! ,septuag9tal read+ is ,greek3 engizei moi ho laos outos ,,en t /omati ,,aut\1 kai ,,en tois *eiles9 ,,aut,n ,,tim,,si me1--! ,evangelical ,text is obs]v$ to diff] !refrom 9 no less ?an six p>ticul>s4 #b4 ,fur!r1--,if !re really did exi/ ?is /range det]m9ation on ! "p ( ! anci5ts 9 g5]al to assimilate ! text ( ,/4 ,mat!w to ! text ( ,isaiah1 h[ does x happ5 t n "o ( !m ev] conceiv$ ! l design 9 respect ( ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k8 #c4 ,x naturally foll[s to inquire1--,:y are we to suspect ! mass ( ,,mss4 ( hav+ exp]i5c$ su* :olesale depravation 9 respect ( ! text ( ,/4 ,mat!w 9 ?is place1 :ile yet we recognize 9 !m su* a m>k$ con/ancy to _! own peculi> type2 :i* h[ev]1 z already expla9$1 is n ! text ( ,isaiah8 #d4 ,fur!r1--,i discov] 9 ?is place a m9ute illu/ration ( ! g5]al fidelity ( ! anci5t copyi/s3 = :]eas 9 ,/4 ,mat!w x is inv>iably ,greek3 ho laos outos1 ,i obs]ve t 9 ! copies ( ,/4 ,m>k1--except to be sure 9 7a7 ,codd4 ,b & ,d1 7b7 copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 7c7 ! ,vulgate1 & 7d7 ! ,pe%itto 7all ( :i* are confess$ly corrupt 9 ?is p>ticul>17--x is inv>iably ,greek3 outos ho laos4 ,b n[1--,is x reasonable t ! v copies :i* h be5 9 ?is way convict$ ( lic5ti\sness 9 respect ( ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #f %\ld be p]mitt$ to dictate to u aga9/ ! great heap ( copies 9 respect ( _! exhibition ( ,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #h8 ,& yet1 if ! discrepancy betwe5 ,codd4 ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph & ! great bulk ( ! copies 9 ?is place did n orig9ate 9 ! way insi/$ on by ! critics1 h[ is x to be acc\nt$ =8 ,n[1 on ord9>y occasions1 we d n feel ourselves call$ ^u to in/itute any su* inquiry1--z inde$ v seldom w\ld x be practicable to d4 ,unb\nd$ lic5ce ( transcription1 flagrant c>elessness1 arbitr>y int]polations1 omissions )\t numb]1 disfigure ^? two anci5t ,,mss4 9 e page4 ,we seldom tr\ble ourselves to inquire into ! hi/ory ( _! obliquities4 ,b ! case is ( c\rse mat]ially *ang$ :5 s _m ( ! olde/ ( ! ,fa!rs & all ! olde/ ,v]sions seem to be at "o ) ,codexes ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,let !n ! /ud5t fav\r me ) 8 undivid$ att5tion = a few mom5ts1 & ,i w expla9 to him h[ ! misappreh5sion ( ,griesba*1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles & ! re/1 has aris54 ,ab\t ! ,,mss4 & ! ,v]sions ^! critics are suffici5tly accurate3 b !y h fatally misappreh5d$ ! import ( ! ,patri/ic evid5ce2 z ,i proce$ to expla94 ,! e/abli%$ ,septuag9tal r5d]+ ( ,isa4 xxix4 #ac 9 ! ,apo/olic age proves to h be5 ?is1--,greek3 ,engizei moi ho laos outos tois *eiles9 autn timsi me3 ! words ,greek3 en t /omati autn1 kai en be+ omitt$4 ,?is is c]ta94 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr#bhg & ,cyril ( ,alex&ria 9 two places#bhh s quote ! passage4 ,procopius ,gazaeus 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,orig5's ,hexapla ( ,isaiah says expressly t ! six words 9 "q 7 introduc$ into ! text ( ! ,septuag9t by ,aquila1 ,symma*us1 & ,!odotion4 ,accord+ly !y are (t5 obs]v$ to be abs5t f ,,mss4#bhi ,!y are n f\nd1 = example1 9 ! ,codex ,alex&r9us4 ,b ! asyndeton result+ f ! suppression ( ^! words 0 felt to be intol]able4 ,9 fact1 )\t a colon po9t betwe5 ,greek3 outos & ,greek3 tois1 ! result is )\t mean+4 ,:5 once ! complem5t>y words h be5 )drawn1 ,greek3 engizei moi at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce is worse ?an sup]flu\s4 ,x fatally encumb]s ! s5se4 ,to drop ^? two words1 aft] ! example ( ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 became ?us an obvi\s proce$+4 ,accord+ly ! au?or ( ! 7s-call$7 second ,epi/le ( ,clem5s ,romanus 7 #c71 pr(ess+ to quote ! place 9 ! prophet ,isaiah1 exhibits x ?us1--,greek3 ,ho laos outos tois *eilesi me tima4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us c]ta9ly does ! same ?+ on at lea/ two occasions#bij4 ,s does ,*ryso/om#bia4 ,s does ,!odoret#bib4 ,two facts h ?us em]g$1 :i* entirely *ange ! aspect ( ! problem3 ! fir/1 7a7 ,t ! words ,greek3 en t /omati autn1 kai en 7 anci5tly abs5t f ! ,septuag9tal r5d]+ ( ,isaiah xxix4 #ac3 ! second1 7b7 t ! place ( ,isaiah 0 freely quot$ by ! anci5ts )\t ! initial words ,greek3 engizei moi4 ,& aft] ?is discov]y w any "o be s p]v]se z to d5y t on ! contr>y x mu/ ne$s be ,codexes ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph1 & n ! great bulk ( ! ,,mss41 :i* exhibit a text corrupt$ by ! influ5ce ( ! ,septuag9t r5d]+ ( ,isaiah xxix4 #ac8 ,! precise ext5t to :i* ! assimilat+ influ5ce ( ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel has be5 felt by ! copyi/s1 ,i presume n to det]m9e4 ,! ess5tial po9t is t ! omission f ,/4 ,mat!w xv4 #h ( ! words ,greek3 ,t /omati autn1 kai1 is c]ta9ly due 9 ! fir/ in/ance to ! asc]ta9$ ,septuag9t omission ( ^? v words 9 ,isaiah xxix4 #ac4 ,b t ! text ( ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #f has ex]cis$ an assimilat+ influ5ce on ! quotation f ,isaiah is demon/rable4 ,= !re c be no d\bt t ,isaiah's phrase 7reta9$ by ,/4 ,mat!w7 is ,greek3 ho laos outos1--,/4 ,m>k's ,greek3 outos ho laos4 ,& yet1 :5 ,clem5s ,romanus quotes ,isaiah1 he beg9s--,greek3 outos ho laos#bic2 & s twice does ,!odoret#bid4 ,! read] is n[ 9 a position to judge h[ mu* att5tion is due to ,dr4 ,tregelles' dictum 't ?is "o passage may be reli$ ^u' 9 support ( ! peculi> views he advocates3 z well z to 8 confid5t claim t ! full] text :i* is f\nd 9 n9ety-n9e ,,mss4 out ( a hundr$ 'mu/ be reg>d$ z an amplification borr[$ f ! prophet4' ,x has be5 %ewn 9 answ] to ! le>n$ critic t 9 ! anci5t ,greek text ( ! prophet ! 'amplification' he speaks ( did n exi/3 x 0 ! abbreviat$ text :i* 0 f\nd !re4 ,s t ! v conv]se ( ! ph5om5on he supposes has tak5 place4 ,freely accept+ 8 hypo!sis t we h "h a process ( assimilation1 occasion$ by ! ,septuag9tal text ( ,isaiah1 we diff] f him only z to ! direction 9 :i* t process has manife/$ itself4 ,he assumes t ! bulk ( ! ,,mss4 h be5 con=m$ to ! g5]ally receiv$ read+ ( ,isaiah xxix4 #ac4 ,b x has be5 %ewn t1 on ! contr>y1 x is ! two olde/ ,,mss4 :i* h exp]i5c$ assimilation4 ,_! prototypes 7 deprav$ 9 ?is way at an exce$+ly remote p]iod4 ,to /ate ?is matt] some:at diff]5tly4--,9 all ! extant uncials b five1 & 9 almo/ e kn[n cursive copy ( ! ,gospels1 ! words ,greek3 t /omati autn1 kai are f\nd to belong to ,/4 ,matt4 xv4 #h4 ,h[ is ! pres5ce ( ^? words to be acc\nt$ =8 ,! reply is obvi\s3--,by ! fact t !y mu/ h exi/$ 9 ! orig9al autograph ( ! ,evangeli/4 ,su* h[ev] is n ! reply ( ,griesba* & 8 foll[]s4 ,!y insi/ t beyond all d\bt ^? words mu/ h be5 import$ into ! ,gospel f ,isaiah xxix4 ,b ,i h %ewn t ?is is impossible2 because1 at ! "t spok5 (1 ! words 9 "q _h no place 9 ! ,greek text ( ! prophet4 ,& ?is discov]y exactly rev]ses ! problem1 & br+s out ! directly opposite result4 ,= n[ we discov] t we h r to inquire h[ is ! abs5ce ( ! words 9 "q f ^? few ,,mss4 out ( ! mass to be acc\nt$ =8 ,! two olde/ ,codexes are convict$ ( exhibit+ a text :i* has be5 corrupt$ by ! influ5ce ( ! olde/ ,septuag9t read+ ( ,isaiah xxix4 #ac4 ,i freely admit t x is 9 a high degree rem>kable t five anci5t ,v]sions1 & all ! foll[+ e>ly writ]s1--,ptolemaeus#bie1 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us#bif1 ,orig5#big1 ,didymus#bih1 ,cyril#bii1 ,*ryso/om#cjj1 & possibly ?ree o!rs ( l antiquity#cja1--%\ld all quote ,/4 ,mat!w 9 ?is place f a faulty text4 ,b ?is does b prove at h[ extremely remote a p]iod ! corruption mu/ h begun4 ,x probably dates f ! fir/ c5tury4 ,especially does x seem to %ew h[ di/ru/ful we %\ld be ( our olde/ au?orities :51 z "h1 !y are pla9ly at v>iance ) ! :ole torr5t ( manuscript au?ority4 ,?is is inde$ no ord9>y case4 ,!re are elem5ts ( di/ru/ "h1 su* z are n commonly enc\nt]$4 #f4 ,:at ,i h be5 say+ is aptly illu/rat$ by a place 9 our ,"l's ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt3 viz4 ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dd2 :i* 9 almo/ e ,,ms4 9 exi/5ce /&s z foll[s3 7#a7 ,greek3 agapate t\s e*?r\s humn1 7#b7 ,greek3 eulogeite t\s kat>m5\s humas1 7#c7 ,greek3 kals poieite tois mis\s9#cjb humas1 7#d7 ,greek3 kai proseu*e/he hup] tn epreazontn humas1 7#e7 ,greek3 kai dikontn hymas#cjc4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is n to be d5i$ t !re exi/s an appreciable body ( evid5ce = exhibit+ ! passage 9 a %ort] =m4 ,! fact t ,orig5 six times#cjd reads ! place ?us3 ,greek3 agapate t\s e*?r\s humn1 kai proseu*e/he hup] tn dikontn humas4 7:i* am\nts to a rejection ( ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? clauses27--& t he is support$ !re9 by ,b,symbol3 ,aleph1 7besides a few cursives7 ! ,curetonian1 ! ,lewis1 sev]al ,old ,lat9 ,,mss41 & ! ,bohairic#cje1 seems to critics ( a c]ta9 s*ool a circum/ance fatal to ! cr$it ( ^? clauses4 ,!y are aw>e t ,cyprian#cjf1 & !y are welcome to ! in=mation t ,t]tullian#cjg once & ,!odoret once#cjh besides ,ir5aeus#cji1 ,eusebius#caj1 & ,gregory ( ,nyssa#caa exhibit ! place 9 ! same way4 ,s does ! au?or ( ! ,dialogus contra ,m>cionitas#cab1--:om h[ev] ,i take to be ,orig54 ,griesba*1 on f> sl5d]] evid5ce1 0 = obeliz+ all ! ?ree clauses4 ,b ,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 ,tis*5dorf & ! ,revis]s reject !m entirely4 ,i am p]suad$ t !y are griev\sly mi/ak5 9 s do+1 & t ! receiv$ text repres5ts :at ,/4 ,mat!w actually wrote4 ,x is ! text ( all ! uncials b two1 ( all ! cursives b six or sev52 & ?is alone ought to be decisive4 ,b x is besides ! read+ ( ! ,pe%itto1 ! ,h>kleian1 & ! ,go?ic2 z well z ( ?ree copies ( ! ,old ,lat94 ,let u h[ev] inquire m curi\sly = ! evid5ce ( ,v]sions & ,fa!rs on ?is subject2 rememb]+ t ! po9t 9 dispute is no?+ else b ! g5u95ess ( clauses #b1 #c1 #d4 ,& "h1 at />t+1 we make ! notable discov]y t ,orig51 ^: practice 0 reli$ on = reta9+ none b ! fir/ & ! fif? clauses1--himself twice#cac quotes ! fir/ clause 9 connexion ) ! f\r?3 :ile ,!odoret1 on two occasions#cad1 connects ) clause #a :at he evid5tly means = clause #b2 & ,t]tullian once if n twice connects closely clauses #a1 #b2 & once1 clauses #a1 #b1 #ecae4 ,f :i* x is pla9 t nei!r ,orig5 nor ,!odoret1 lea/ ( all ,t]tullian1 c be held to disall[ ! clauses 9 "q4 ,!y recognize !m on ! contr>y1 :i* is simply a fatal circum/ance1 & effectively disposes ( _! suppos$ ho/ile evid5ce4 ,b 9 fact ! ,we/]n ,*ur* yields unfalt]+ te/imony4 ,besides ! ?ree copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 :i* exhibit all ! five clauses1 ! ,vulgate reta9s ! fir/1 ?ird1 fif? & f\r?4 ,augu/9e#caf quotes consecutively clauses #a1 #c1 #e3 ,ambrose#cag clauses #a1 #c1 #d1 #e--a1 #d1 #e3 ,hil>y#cah1 clauses #a1 #d1 #e1 & 7app>5tly7 #b1 #d1 #e3 ,lucif]#cai1 clauses #a1 #b1 #c 7app>5tly71 #e3 pseudo-,epiphanius#cbj connects clauses #a1 #c1--a1 #c1 #e3 & ,pacian#cba1 clauses #e1 #b4 ,next we h to asc]ta9 :at is ! te/imony ( ! ,greek ,fa!rs4 ,& fir/ we turn to ,*ryso/om#cbb :o 7besides quot+ ! f\r? clause f ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel by itself five times7 quotes consecutively clauses #a1 #c--;iii4 #afg2 #a1 #d--;iv4 #fai2 #b1 #d--v4 #dcf2 #d1 #c--;ii4 #cdj1 v4 #ef1 xii4 #fed2 #d1 #e--;ii4 #beh1 iii4 #cda2 #a1 #b1 #d--;iv4 #bfg2 #a1 #c1 #d1 #e--xii4 #dbe2 ?us recogniz+ !m all4 ,gregory ,nyss4#cbc quotes connect$ly clauses #c1 #d1 #e4 ,eusebius#cbd1 clauses #d1 #e--b1 #d1 #e--a1 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions#cbe 7?ird c5tury71 clauses #a1 #c1 #d1 #e 7hav+ imm$iately be=e quot$ clause #b17--;also clauses #b1 #d1 #a4 ,clem5s ,alex4#cbf 7,a4,d4 #aib71 clauses #a1 #b1 #d4 ,a!nagoras#cbg 7,a4,d4 #agg71 clauses #a1 #b1 #e4 ,!ophilus#cbh 7,a4,d4 #afh71 clauses #a1 #d4 ,:ile ,ju/9 ,m4#cbi 7,a4,d4 #adj7 hav+ p>aphras$ clause #a1 connects !re) clauses #b & #d4 ,& ,polyc>p#ccj 7,a4,d4 #ajh7 app>5tly connects clauses #d & #e4 ,dida*e#cca 7,a4,d4 #ajj87 quotes #b1 #d1 #e & comb9es #a & #c 7pp4 #e1 #f74 ,9 ! face ( all ?is evid5ce1 no "o x is presum$ w any m be f\nd to dispute ! g5u95ess ( ! g5]ally receiv$ read+ 9 ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dd4 ,all mu/ see t if ! text famili>ly kn[n 9 ! age imm$iately aft] t ( ! ,apo/les _h be5 inde$ ! bald1 curt ?+ :i* ! critics imag9e1 viz4 ,greek3 agapate t\s e*?r\s humn1 kai proseu*e/he hup] tn dikontn humas1-- by no possibility c\ld ! m5 ( t age 9 ref]r+ to ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dd h freely m5tion$ 'bless+ ^? :o curse1--do+ good to ^? :o hate1--& pray+ = ^? :o despitefully use4' ,s9ce !re are b two alt]native read+s ( ! passage1--"o long]1 "o brief]1--e cle> ackn[l$gem5t ( a s+le disput$ clause 9 ! l>g] read+ necess>ily c>ries ) x all ! re/4 ,?is result ( 'comp>ative criticism' is !re=e respectfully recomm5d$ to ! notice ( ! le>n$4 ,if x be n decisive ( ! po9t at issue to f9d su* a torr5t ( primitive te/imony at "o ) ! bulk ( ! ,uncials & ,cursives extant1 x is cle> t !re c be no ,sci5ce ( ,textual ,criticism4 ,! ,law ( ,evid5ce mu/ be held to be inop]ative 9 ?is subject-matt]4 ,no?+ des]v+ ( ! "n ( 'pro(' w ev] be atta9able 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( inve/igation4 ,b if m5 admit t ! ord9>ily receiv$ text ( ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dd has be5 cle>ly e/abli%$1 !n let ! legitimate results ( ! =ego+ discussion be loyally recogniz$4 ,! unique value ( ,manuscripts 9 decl>+ ! exact text ( ,scripture--! conspicu\s inadequacy ( ,patri/ic evid5ce by !mselves1--h be5 made app>5t3 & yet x has be5 %ewn t ,patri/ic quotations are abundantly suffici5t = _! prop] purpose1--:i* is1 to enable u to decide betwe5 conflict+ read+s4 ,"o m indication has be5 obta9$ ( ! corruptness ( ! text :i* ,orig5 employ$1-- conc]n+ :i* he is s /rangely communicative1--& ( :i* ,b,symbol3 ,aleph are ! *ief surviv+ examples2 & ! probability has be5 /r5g!n$ t :5 ^! are ! sole1 or ev5 ! pr9cipal witnesses1 = any p>ticul> read+1 t read+ w prove to be corrupt4 ,mill 0 ( op9ion1 7& ( c\rse 8 op9ion f9ds fav\r ) ,griesba*1 ,tis*5dorf1 & ! re/17 t ^! ?ree clauses h be5 import$ hi!r f ,/4 ,luke vi4 #bg1 #bh4 ,b1 besides t ?is is m]e unsupport$ conjecture1 h[ comes x !n to pass t ! ord] ( ! second & ?ird clauses 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel is ! rev]se ( ! ord] 9 ,/4 ,luke's8 ,no4 ,i believe t !re has be5 excision "h3 = ,i hold ) ,griesba* t x _c h be5 ! result ( accid5t#ccb4 ,i take ?is opportunity to reply to a review] 9 ! ,gu>dian newspap]1 :o ?\ght t he _h r$uc$ ! au?orities quot$ f be=e ,a4,d4 #djj on page #ajc ( ,! ,traditional ,text to two on our side aga9/ sev51 or r six#ccc1 on ! o!r4 ,let me fir/ say t on ?is p]il\s field ,i am n surpris$ at be+ oblig$ to re-judge or )draw "s au?orities4 ,i admit t 9 ! middle ( a long cat5a ( passages1 ,i did n lay suffici5t /ress1 z ,i n[ f9d1 ^u ! p>allel passage 9 ,/4 ,luke vi4 #bg1 #bh4 ,aft] fre% exam9ation1 ,i )draw entirely ,clem5s ,alex41 ,pa$4 i4 #h1--,philo ( ,c>pasus1 ,i4 #g1--;,ambrose1 ,de ,abrahamo ii4 #cj1 ,ps4 cxviii4 #ab4 #ea1 & ! two ref]r$ to ,a?anasius4 ,also ,i d n quote ,orig51 ,cels4 viii4 #da1--;,eusebius 9 ,ps4 iii41--,apo/4 ,con/4 vii4 #d1--;,greg4 ,nyss41 ,9 ,s4 ,/ephanum1 because !y may be reg>d$ z d\btful1 al?\gh = reasons :i* ,i proce$ to give !y appe> to witness 9 fav\r ( our cont5tion4 ,x is necess>y to add "s rem>ks be=e deal+ ) ! re/ ( ! passages4 #a4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 t ?is is a "q bo? negative & positive3--negative on ! side ( our oppon5ts1 ) all ! difficulties involv$ 9 e/abli%+ a negative conclusion z to ! non-exi/5ce 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel ( clauses #b1 #c1 & #e1--;& positive = u1 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ^? clauses z "p ( ! g5u9e text 9 ! passage :i* we are consid]+4 ,if we c s e/abli% ! clauses1 or inde$ any "o ( !m1 ! case aga9/ u fails3 b unless we c e/abli% all1 we h n prov$ ev]y?+ t we seek to demon/rate4 ,our fir/ object is to make ! adv]se position unt5able3 :5 we h done t1 we =tify our own4 ,!re=e bo? ! ,dean & myself h drawn att5tion to ! fact t our au?orities are summon$ z witnesses to ! e>ly exi/5ce 9 ea* case ( '"s ( ! clauses1' if !y d n depose to all ( !m4 ,we are q aw>e ( ! reply3 b we h ) u ! advantage ( positive z aga9/ negative evid5ce4 ,?is advantage especially rules 9 su* an in/ance z ! pres5t1 because ali5 circum/ances gov]n ! quotation1 & regulate p>ticul>ly ! l5g? ( x4 ,su* quotation is always liable to %ort5+1 :e!r by leav+ out int]m$iate clauses1 or by sudd5 curtailm5t 9 ! mid/ ( ! passage4 ,!re=e1 actual citation ( sep>ate clauses1 be+ undesign$ & =tuit\s1 is mu* m valuable ?an omission aris+ f :at cause soev]4 #b4 ,! review] says t 'all f\r clauses are read by bo? texts1' i4e4 9 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke1 & appe>s to h be5 unaw>e z reg>ds ! pres5t purpose ( ! exi/5ce ( ! fif? clause1 or half-clause1 9 ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,yet ! words--,greek3 hup] 444 tn dikontn humas are a v label1 tell+ inconte/ibly ! orig9 ( _m ( ! quotations4 ,s5t5ces s di/+ui%$ ) ,/4 ,mat!w's label _c h come f ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel4 ,! review] has (t5 gone wrong "h4 ,! ,greek3 hup]--in/ead ( ! ,greek3 p]i aft] ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl,symbol3 ,xi 9 ,/4 ,luke--%\ld be to our oppon5ts a sign betray+ ! orig91 ?\gh :5 x /&s by itself--z 9 ,eusebius1 ,9 ,ps4 iii4--,i d n press ! passage4 #c4 ,nor aga9 does ! review] seem to h notic$ ! effects ( ! context 9 %ew+ to :i* s\rce a quotation is to be ref]r$4 ,x is a common cu/om = ,fa!rs to quote v4 #de 9 ,/4 ,mat!w1 :i* is h>dly conceivable if !y _h ,/4 ,luke vi4 #bg1 #bh be=e !m1 or ev5 if !y 7 quot+ f memory4 ,o!r po9ts 9 ! context ( great] or less importance are (t5 f\nd 9 ! s5t5ce or s5t5ces prec$+ or foll[+ ! words quot$1 & are decisive ( ! ref]5ce4 ,! ref]5ces z correct$ are giv5 9 ! note#ccd4 ,x w be se5 by any "o :o comp>es ! v]ifications ) ! review]'s li/1 h[ 8 failure to obs]ve ! po9ts j expla9$ has l$ him a/ray4 ,! effect ^u ! li/ giv5 9 ,! ,traditional ,text w be t be=e ! era ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om tw5ty-five te/imonies are giv5 9 fav\r ( ! ,traditional ,text ( ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #dd1 & add+ ,t]tullian f ! ,dean n9e aga9/ x4 ,& ! totals on page #ajb1 l9es #b & #c w be #ebb & #aga respectively4 #g4 ,especially h we ne$ to be on our gu>d aga9/ conniv+ at ! ejection ( %ort clauses consi/+ ( f twelve to f\rte5 lett]s1--:i* proves to h be5 ! exact l5g? ( a l9e 9 ! e>lie/ copies4 ,:5 su* omissions leave ! s5se manife/ly imp]fect1 no evil consequ5ce c result4 ,critics !n ei!r take no notice ( ! circum/ance1 or simply rem>k 9 pass+ t ! omission has be5 ! result ( accid5t4 ,9 ?is way1 ,greek3 hoi pat]es autn1 ?\gh x is omitt$ by ,cod4 ,b 9 ,/4 ,luke vi4 #bf1 is reta9$ by all ! ,editors3 & ! /range read+ ( ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph 9 ,/4 ,john vi4 #ee1 omitt+ two l9es1 0 correct$ on ! manuscript 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & has met ) no ass5t 9 mod]n times4 ,greek3 ,,g> ,greek3 ,,s>xm\al,,?,s ,greek3 ,,e/ibr,,siskai ,greek3 ,,toaimam\al,,?,s ,greek3 ,,e/iposis ,b :51 not)/&+ ! omission ( two or ?ree words1 ! s5se ( ! context rema9s unimpair$1--! clause be+ ( indep5d5t signification1--!n great dang] arises le/ an attempt %\ld be made ?r\gh ! (fici\sness ( mod]n ,criticism to defraud ! ,*ur* ( a "p ( h] inh]itance4 ,?us ,greek3 kai hoi syn aut 7,/4 ,luke viii4 #de7 is omitt$ by ,we/cott & ,hort1 & is plac$ 9 ! m>g9 by ! ,revis]s & includ$ 9 brackets by ,tregelles z if ! words 7 ( d\btful au?ority1 solely because "s scribe omitt$ a l9e & 0 foll[$ by ,b1 a few cursives1 ! ,sahidic1 ,curetonian1 ,lewis1 & ,j]usalem ,v]sions4 ,:5 inde$ ! omission dates f an exce$+ly remote p]iod2 took place1 ,i mean1 9 ! ?ird1 or m likely /ill 9 ! second c5tury2 !n ! fate ( su* omitt$ words may be pr$ict$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,_! doom is seal$4 ,e copy made f t defective orig9al ( necessity reproduc$ ! defects ( its prototype3 & if 7z (t5 happ5s7 "s ( ^? copies h desc5d$ to our times1 !y become quot$ h5ce=w>d z if !y 7 indep5d5t witnesses#cce4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,let ! ta9t h be5 communicat$ to c]ta9 copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 & we f9d ourselves confront$ ) =midable because v v5]able foes4 ,& accord+ to ! rec5tly approv$ me?od ( edit+ ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! clause is all[$ no qu>t]4 ,x is decl>$ )\t hesitation to be a spuri\s accretion to ! ,text4 ,take1 z an in/ance ( ?is1 ! foll[+ passage 9 ,/4 ,luke xii4 #ci4 ',if' 7says our ,"l7 '! ma/] ( ! h\se _h kn[n 9 :at h\r ,greek3 ,,oklept,s ,greek3 ,,er*etai ,greek3 ,,egr,,gor ,greek3 ,,s5kai ,greek3 ,,oukana ,greek3 ,,ph,,k5 8 h\se to be brok5 ?r\gh4' ,"h1 ! clause )9 brackets1 :i* has fall5 out = an obvi\s reason1 does n appe> 9 ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,d4 ,b ! omission did n beg9 ) ,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,two copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 are also )\t ! words ,greek3 egrgors5 kai1--:i* are want+ besides 9 ,cureton's ,syriac4 ,tis*5dorf accord+ly omits !m4 ,& yet1 :o sees n t su* an am\nt ( evid5ce z ?is is :olly insuffici5t to w>rant ! ejection ( ! clause z spuri\s8 ,:at is ! ',sci5ce' wor? :i* _c pres]ve to ! body a heal?y limb l ?is8 ,! in/ances ( omission :i* h n[ be5 exam9$ at "s l5g? mu/ by no means be reg>d$ z ! only specim5s ( ?is class ( corrupt passages#ccf4 ,_m m w occur to ! m9ds ( ! read]s ( ! pres5t volume & ( ! e>li] volume ( ?is "w4 ,9 fact1 omissions are mu* m common ?an ,additions1 or ,transpositions1 or ,sub/itutions3 & ?is fact1 t omissions1 or :at seem to be omissions1 are app>5tly s common1--to say no?+ ( ! v /rong evid5ce :]e) !y are atte/$--:5 tak5 9 conjunction ) ! natural t5d5cy ( copyi/s to omit words & passages1 _c b confirm ! g5]al s\ndness ( ! position4 ,h[ inde$ c x possibly be m true to ! infirmities ( copyi/s1 to ! v]dict ( evid5ce on ! sev]al passages1 & to ! orig9 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! infancy ( ! ,*ur* & amid/ associations :i* 7 n lit]>y1 to suppose t a t]se production 0 fir/ produc$ & aft]w>ds 0 amplifi$ 9 a lat] age ) a view to 'lucidity & complet5ess#ccg1' r ?an t words & clauses & s5t5ces 7 omitt$ ^u def9itely und]/ood pr9ciples 9 a small class ( docum5ts by c>eless or ignorant or prejudic$ scribes8 ,! reply to ?is "q mu/ n[ be left = c&id & ?\ghtful /ud5ts to det]m9e4 ,,footnotes3 #beh ,x w be obs]v$ t ^! are empirical1 n logical1 classes4 ,omissions are f\nd 9 _m ( ! re/4 #bei ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 *apt] v4 & ,app5dix ,b4 #bfj ,see ,dr4 ,gwynn's rem>ks 9 ,app5dix ,,vii ( ,! ,traditional ,text1 pp4 #bih-cja4 #bfa ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #db-de1 #dbb-dbd3 ,traditional ,text1 p4 #aji1 :]e ?irty-eight te/imonies are quot$ be=e #djj ,a4,d4 #bfb ,! expression ( ,j]ome1 t almo/ all ! ,greek ,,mss4 omit ?is passage1 is only a translation ( ,eusebius4 ,x _c express 8 own op9ion1 = he admitt$ ! twelve v]ses into ! ,vulgate1 & quot$ p>ts ( !m twice1 i4e4 v]4 #i1 ii4 #gdd-e1 v]4 #ad1 i4 #cbg c4 #bfc ,dr4 ,dobb9 has calculat$ #ccj omissions 9 ,/4 ,mat!w1 #cfe 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 #dci 9 ,/ ,luke1 #ceg 9 ,/4 ,john1 #chd 9 ! ,acts1 & #fha 9 ! ,epi/les--#c1eef 9 all z f> z ,heb4 ix4 #ad1 :]e x t]m9ates4 ,dubl9 ,univ]sity ,magaz9e1 #ahei1 p4 #fbj4 #bfd ,su* z 9 ,cod4 ,d aft] ,/4 ,luke vi4 #d4 ',on ! same day ,he beheld a c]ta9 man work+ on ! sabba?1 & said unto him1 ,man1 bless$ art ?\ if ?\ kn[e/ :at ?\ doe/2 b if ?\ kn[e/ n1 ?\ art curs$ & a transgressor ( ! law' 7,scriv5]'s translation1 ,introduction1 p4 #h74 ,s also a long] int]polation f ! ,curetonian aft] ,/4 ,matt4 xx4 #bh4 ,^! are condemn$ by int]nal evid5ce z well z ext]nal4 #bfe ,greek3 kai ho pesn epi ton li?on t\ton syn?la/hsetai2 eph' on d' an pes1 likmsei auton4 #bff iv4 #be d1 #cdc d4--,:at proves ^! two quotations to be f ,/4 ,matt4 xxi4 #dd1 & n f ,/4 ,luke xx4 #ah1 is1 t !y alike exhibit expressions :i* are peculi> to ! e>li] ,gospel4 ,! fir/ is introduc$ by ! =mula ,greek3 oudepote anegnte 7v]4 #db3 comp4 ,orig4 ii4 #gid c71 & bo? exhibit ! expression ,greek3 epi ton li?on t\ton 7v]4 #dd71 n ,greek3 ep' eke9on ton li?on4 ,va9ly is x urg$ on ! opposite side1 t ,greek3 pas ho pesn belongs to ,/4 ,luke1--:]eas ,greek3 kai ho pesn is ! phrase f\nd 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,*ryso/om 7vii4 #fgb7 writes ,greek3 pas ho piptn :ile pr(ess+ to quote f ,/4 ,mat!w2 & ! au?or ( ,cureton's ,syriac1 :o _h ?is read+ 9 8 orig9al1 does ! same4 #bfg ,p4 #aic4 #bfh ,p4 #aa4 #bfi vii4 #fgb a freely quot$ z ,greg4 ,naz4 9 ! ,cat5a ( ,nicetas1 p4 #ffi xii4 #bg d4 #bgj ,ap4 ,mai1 ii4 #dja dis4 #bga ,ap4 ,*rys4 vi4 #aga c4 #bgb vii4 #aga d4 #bgc iii#b4 #hf1 #bde3 v4 #ejj e1 #eih d4 #bgd #fhb-c 7,massuet #bgg74 #bge iii4 #ghf4 #bgf ,!oph4 #bce-f 7 ,mai1 iv4 #abb74 #bgg ii4 #ffj a1 b1 c4 #bgh ',praet]it et ,lucif]4' #bgi ,ap4 ,gall&4 vi4 #aia d4 #bhj ,ibid4 vii4 #bj c4 #bha ,ibid4 ix4 #gfh a4 #bhb ,i am unable to f9d any place 9 ! ,dean's writ+s :]e he has made ?is explanation4 ,! foll[+ note1 h[ev]1 is app5d$ "h3-- ,) v]se #dc1 ! long lesson = ! ,monday 9 ,holy-week 7v]4 #ah-dc7 comes to an end4 ,v]se #dd has a numb] all to itself 79 o!r words1 is sect4 #bfe7 9 ! fif? ( ! ,syrian ,canons1--:i* conta9s :atev] is f\nd exclusively 9 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke4 #bhc ',omn9o ex ,lc4 assumpta vid5tur4' #bhd ,! section 9 ,/4 ,mat!w is numb]$ #bfe1--;9 ,/4 ,luke1 #bgd3 bo? be+ ref]r$ to ,canon ,v1 9 :i* ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke are exclusively comp>$4 #bhe ,vol4 i4 #ac4 #bhf ,lett] to ,pope ,damasus4 ,see my book on ,/4 ,m>k1 p4 #bh4 #bhg ,dial4 #gh1 ad f94 7p4 #bgb74 #bhh ,opp4 ii4 #bae a3 v4 "p ii4 #aah c4 #bhi ,see ,holmes & ,p>sons' ed4 ( ! ,,lxx1--vol4 iv4 9 loc4 #bij ,opp4 pp4 #adc & #bjf4 ,p4 #egg is allusive only4 #bia ,opp4 vii4 #aeh c3 ix4 #fch b4 #bib ,opp4 ii4 #acde3 iii4 #gfc-d4 #bic xv3--on :i* 8 le>n$ editor 7,bp4 ,jacobson7 p]t95tly rem>ks1--',hunc locum ,prophetae ,clem5s exhibuisset sicut a ,*ri/o laudatam1 ,s4 ,m>c4 vii4 #f1 si pro ,greek3 ape/9 d$isset ,greek3 ape*ei4' #bid ,opp4 i4 #aejb3 iii4 #aaad4 #bie ,ap4 ,epiphanium1 ,opp4 i4 #bah d4 #bif ,opp4 p4 #dfa4 #big ,opp4 iii4 #dib 7a rem>kable place73 ii4 #gbc3 iv4 #aba4 #bih ,de ,tr9itate1 p4 #bdb4 #bii ,opp4 ii4 #dac b4 ,obs]ve h[ ?is evid5ce leads u to ,alex&ria4 #cjj ,opp4 vii4 #ebb d4 ,! o!r place1 ix4 #fch b1 is unc]ta94 #cja ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r ,eusebius & ,basil quote ,/4 ,mat!w or ,isaiah3 b a contempor>y ( ,*ryso/om c]ta9ly quotes ! ,gospel1--,*rys4 ,opp4 vi4 #dbe d 7cf4 p4 #dag1 l9e #aj74 #cjb ,b ,eus4,es #ehi ,greek3 t\s m4 #cjc ,i h numb]$ ! clauses = conv5i5ce4--,x w p]haps facilitate ! /udy ( ?is place1 if 7on my own responsibility7 ,i subjo9 a repres5tation ( ! same words 9 ,lat93-- 7#a7 ,diligite inimicos ve/ros1 7#b7 b5$icite mal$ic5tes vos1 7#c7 b5efacite odi5tibus vos1 7#d7 et orate pro calumniantibus vos1 7#e7 et p]sequ5tibus vos4 #cjd ,opp4 iv4 #cbd bis1 #cbi bis1 #cea4 ,gall4 xiv4 ,app4 #ajf4 #cje ',a l>ge majority1 all b five1 omit x4 ,"s add x 9 ! m>g94' ,traditional ,text1 p4 #adi4 #cjf ,opp4 p4 #gi1 cf4 #adf4 #cjg ,scap4 c4 #a4 #cjh ,opp4 iv4 #idf4 #cji ,ha]4 ,,iii4 xviii4 #e4 #caj ,dem4 ,evan4 xiii4 #g4 #caa ,9 ,bapt4 ,*ri/4 #cab ,orig4 ,opp4 i4 #hab4 #cac ,opp4 i4 #gfh3 iv4 #cec4 #cad ,opp4 i4 #hbg3 ii4 #cii4 #cae ,spect4 c4 #af3 7,anim4 c4 #ce73 ,pat4 c4 #f4 #caf ,9 ,ep4 ,joh4 ,,iv4 ,tract1 ix4 #c 7#a1 #c 7v]4 #de c4772 ,9 ,ps4 cxxxviii4 #cg 7#a1 #c72 ,s]m4 ,,xv4 #h 7#a1 #c1 #e72 ,s]m4 ,,lxii4 9 loc4 7#a1 #c1 #d1 #e74 #cag ,9 ,ps4 xxxviii4 #b4 #cah ,opp4 pp4 #cjc1 #big4 #cai ,pro ,s4 ,a?anas4 ii4 #cbj ,ps4 cxviii4 #aj4 #af2 #i4 #i4 #cba ,ep4 ii4 #cbb ,opp4 iii4 #afg3 iv4 #fai3 v4 #dcf3--;ii4 #cdj3 v4 #ef3 xii4 #fed3--;ii4 #beh3 iii4 #da3--;iv4 #bfg3 xii4 #dbe4 #cbc ,opp4 iii4 #cgi4 #cbd ,praep4 #fed3 ,ps4 #acg1 #fii3 ,es4 #ehi4 #cbe ,pp4 #c4 #aih4 #cbf ,opp4 p4 #fje & #cjg4 #cbg ,leg4 pro ,*ri/ian4 #aa4 #cbh ,ad ,autolycum1 iii4 #ad4 #cbi ,opp4 i4 #dj4 #ccj ,ad ,philipp4 c4 #ab4 #cca #a4 #ccb ,!odoret once 7iv4 #idf7 gives ! v]se z ,tis*5dorf gives x3 b on two o!r occasions 7i4 #hbg3 ii4 #cii7 ! same ,!odoret exhibits ! second memb] ( ! s5t5ce ?us1--,greek3 eulogeite t\s dikontas humas 7s pseud4-,a?an4 ii4 #ie71 :i* %ews h[ little /ress is to be laid on su* evid5ce z ! fir/-nam$ place furni%es4 ,orig5 also 7iv4 #cbd bis1 #cbi bis1 #cea7 repeat$ly gives ! place z ,tis*5dorf gives x--b on "o occasion1 :i* x w be obs]v$ is fatal to 8 evid5ce 7i4 #gfh71 he gives ! second memb] ?us1--iv4 #cec3 ,greek3 kai proseu*e/he hup] tn epreazontn humas444 #a4 #d4 ,next obs]ve h[ ,clem5s ,al4 7#fje7 h&les ! same place3-- ,greek3 agapate t\s e*?r\s humn1 eulogeite t\s kat>m5\s humas1 kai proseu*e/he hup] tn epreazyntn hum91 kai ta homoia444 #a1 #b1 #d4--c1 #e4 ,ju/9 ,m4 7i4 #dj7 quot+ ! same place f memory 7& ) exce$+ lic5ce71 yet is obs]v$ to recognize 9 "p bo? ! clauses :i* lab\r "u suspicion344 #a1 #b1 #d4--c1 #e4 ,greek3 eu*e/he hup] tn e*?rn humn kai agapate t\s mis\ntas humas1 :i* r\ghly repres5ts ,greek3 kai eulogeite t\s kat>m5\s hum9 kai eu*e/he hup] tn epreazontn humas4 ,! clause :i* hi!rto lacks support is t :i* reg>ds ,greek3 t\s mis\ntas humas4 ,b ! requir$ help is suppli$ by ,ir5aeus 7i4 #eba71 :o 7loosely en\gh7 quotes ! place ?us1-- ,diligite inimicos ve/ros1 et orate pro eis1 qui vos od]unt4 44 #a 7made up ( #c1 #d74--b1 #e4 ,& yet m by ! mo/ v5]able witness ( all1 ,polyc>p1 :o writes3--ad ,philipp4 c4 #ab3-- ,orate pro p]sequ5tibus et odi5tibus vos444 #d1 #e4--a1 #b1 #c4 ,i h exam9$ ,dida* ,ju/91 ,ir5aeus1 ,eusebius1 ,hippolytus1 ,cyril ,al41 ,greg4 ,naz41 ,basil1 ,a?an41 ,didymus1 ,cyril ,hi]41 ,*rys41 ,greg4 ,nyss41 ,epiph41 ,!od41 ,clem5s4 ,& ! foll[+ are ! results3-- ,dida*4 ,greek3 ,eulogeite t\s kat>m5\s hum91 kai proseu*e/he hup] tn e*?rn humn1 n/euete hup] tn dikontn humas 444 humeis de agapate t\s mis\ntas humas444 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,aphraates1 ,dem4 ii4 ,! ,lat9 ,translation runs3--,diligite inimicos ve/ros1 b5$icite ei qui vobis mal$icit1 orate pro eis qui vos vexunt et p]sequuntur4 ,eusebius ,prae #fed444 #b1 #d1 #e1 omitt+ #a1 #c4 ,eusebius ,ps #fii444 #d1 #e1 omitt+ #a1 #b1 #c4 ,eusebius ,es #ehi444 #a1 #c1 #d1 #e1 omitt+ #b4 ,clem5s ,al4 #fje444 #a1 #b1 #d1 omitt+ #c1 #e4 ,greg4 ,nyss4 iii4 #cgi444 #c1 #d1 #e1 omitt+ #a1 #b4 ,vulg4 ,diligite inimicos ve/ros1 b5efacite 8 qui od]unt vos1 et orate pro p]sequ5tibus et calumniantibus vos444 #a1 #c1 #e1 #d1 omitt+ #b4 ,hil>y1 #big4 ,b5$icite qui vos p]sequuntur1 et orate pro calumniantibus vos ac p]sequ5tibus vos444 #b1 #d1 #e1 omitt+ ! fir/ & ?ird4 ,hil>y1 #cjc4 ,diligite inimicos ve/ros1 et orate pro calumniantibus vos ac p]sequ5tibus vos444 #a1 #d1 #e1 omitt+ ! second & ?ird4 ,cf4 #abh4 ,cyprian1 #gi 7cf4 #adf74 ,diligite inimicos ve/ros1 et orate pro 8 qui vos p]sequuntur444 #a1 #e1 omitt+ #b1 #c1 #d4 ,t]tullian4 ,diligite 7enim7 inimicos ve/ros1 7inquit17 et orate pro mal$ic5tibus vos--:i* app>5tly is meant = a quotation ( #a1 #b4 44 #a1 #b1 omitt+ #c1 #d1 #e4 ,t]tullian4 ,diligite 7enim7 inimicos ve/ros1 7inquit17 et mal$ic5tibus b5$icite1 et orate pro p]secutoribus ve/ris--:i* is a quotation ( #a1 #b1 #e4 44 #a1 #b1 #e1 omitt+ #c1 #d4 ,t]tullian4 ,dilig]e inimicos1 et or>e pro eis qui vos p]sequuntur4 44 #a1 #e1 omitt+ #b1 #c1 #d4 ,t]tullian4 ,inimicos diligi1 mal$ic5tes b5$ici444 #a1 #b1 omitt+ #c1 #d1 #e4 ,ambrose4 ,diligite inimicos ve/ros b5efacite iis qui od]unt vos3 orate pro calumniantibus et p]sequ5tibus vos444 #a1 #c1 #d1 #e1 omitt+ #b4 ,ambrose4 ,diligite inimicos ve/ros1 orate pro calumniantibus et p]sequ5tibus vos444 #a1 #d1 #e1 omitt+ #b1 #c4 ,augu/9e4 ,diligite inimicos ve/ros b5efacite 8 qui vos od]unt3 et orate pro eis qui vos p]sequuntur444 #a1 #c1 #e1 omitt+ #b1 #d4 ',b5$icite qui vos p]sequuntur1 et orate pro calumniantibus vos ac p]sequ5tibus vos4' ,hil>y1 #big4 ,cyril ,al4 twice 7i4 #bgj3 ii4 #hjg7 quotes ! place ?us1-- ,greek3 eu poieite t\s e*?r\s humn1 kai proseu*e/he hup] tn epreazontn humas4 ,*rys4 7iii4 #cee7 says ,greek3 autos g> eip51 eu*e/he hup] tn e*?rn ,greek3 humn & repeats ! quotation at iii4 #cdj & xii4 #dec4 ,s ,t]tull4 7,apol4 c4 #ca71 pro inimicis deum or>e1 et p]secutoribus no/ris bone prec>i444 #a1 #e4 ,if ! lo/ ,greek ( ,ir5aeus 7i4 #eba7 7 recov]$1 we %\ld probably f9d ,greek3 agapate t\s e*?r\s humn1 kai proseu*e/he hup] tn mis\ntn humas3 & ( ,polyc>p 7ad ,philipp4 c4 #ab71 ,greek3 proseu*e/he hup] tn dikontn kai mis\ntn humas4 #ccc ,dialogus ,adamantii is n adducible )9 my limits1 because 'x is 9 all probability ! production ( a lat] age4' ,my numb] 0 eight4 #ccd ,obs]ve t #e ,greek3 hup] 444 tn dikontn4 ,=-- ,dida*e 7 #a71 #b 7#c71 #c 7#b71 #d1 #e4 ,polyc>p 7xii71 #c 7#b71 #e4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,apol4 i4 #ae1 #c 7#b71 #b 7#c71 #d 7#d71 #e8 ,greek3 hup] tn e*?rn 7,greek3 dikontn871 b ! passage m l ,/4 ,luke1 ! context m l ,/4 ,matt41 v]4 #de4 ,a!nagoras 7,leg4 pro ,*ri/ian4 #aa71 #a1 #b 7#c74 #e4 v]4 #de4 ,t]tullian 7,de ,pati5t1 vi71 #a1 #b 7#c71 #e1 pt4 v]4 #de4 ,add ,apol4 c4 #ca4 #a1 #e4 ,!ophilus ,ant4 7,ad ,autolycum iii4 #ad71 #a1 #d 7#d71 ,greek3 hyp] & v]4 #df4 ,clem5s ,alex4 7,/rom1 iv4 #ad71 #a1 #b 7#c71 #d 7#d71 pt4 v]4 #de2 7,/rom1 vii4 #ad71 fav\rs ,/4 ,matt4 ,orig5 7,de ,orat4 i71 #a1 #d 7#d71 ,greek3 hup] & 9 ! middle ( two quotations f ,/4 ,mat!w2 7,cels4 viii4 #de71 #a1 #d 7#d7 ,greek3 hup] & all v]4 #de4 ,eusebius 7,praep4 ,evan4 xiii4 #g71 #b 7#c71 #d 7#d71 #e1 all v]4 #de2 7,comm5t1 9 ,is4 #ff71 #a1 #c 7#b71 #d 7#d71 #e1 also v]4 #de2 7,9 ,ps4 cviii71 #d1 #e4 ,apo/4 ,con/1 7i4 #b71 #a1 #c 7#b71 #d 7#d71 #e1 ,greek3 hup] & v]4 #de4 ,greg4 ,naz4 7,orat4 iv4 #abd71 #b 7#c71 #d 7#d71 #e1 ,greek3 hup]eu*e/hai4 ,greg4 ,nyss4 7,9 ,bapt4 ,*ri/i71 #c 7#b71 #d 7#d71 #e1 ,greek3 hup]1 v]4 #de4 ,lucif] 7,pro ,s4 ,a?an4 ii7 omits #d 7#d71 b quotes v]4 #dd 444 end ( *apt]4 ,pacianus 7,epi/4 ii71 #b 7#c71 #e4 ,hil>y 7,tract1 9 ,ps4 cxviii4 #i4 #i71 #b 7#c71 #d 7#d71 #e2 7ibid4 #aj4 #af71 #a1 #d 7#d71 #e4 7,! review] omits 'ac p]sequ5tibus vos' 9 bo? cases47 ,ambrose 7,9 ,ps4 xxxviii4 #b71 #a1 #c1 #d1 #e2 7,9 ,ps4 xxxviii4 #aj71 #a1 #d 7#d71 #e4 ,aphraates 7,dem4 ii71 #a1 #b 7#c71 #d 7#d71 #e1 ,greek3 e?nikoi4 ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,apo/les 7p4 #hi71 #b 7#c71 #c 7#b71 #d 7#d71 v]4 #de4 ,numb] #be4 #cce ,see ,traditional ,text1 p4 #ee4 #ccf ,= "o ( ! two mo/ important omissions 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 viz4 ! ,p]icope de ,adult]a1 see ,app5dix ,i4 ,see also ,app5dix ,,ii4 #ccg ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,introduction1 p4 #acd4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption ,,*iefly ,,int5tional4 ,v4 ,transposition1 ,,vi4 ,sub/itution1 & ,,vii4 ,addition4 #a4 ,"o ( ! mo/ prolific s\rces ( ,corrupt ,read+s1 is ,transposition1 or ! arbitr>y inv]sion ( ! ord] ( ! sacr$ words1--g5]ally 9 ! subord9ate clauses ( a s5t5ce4 ,! ext5t to :i* ?is prevails 9 ,codexes ( ! type ( ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,,cd passes belief4 ,x is n m]ely ! occasional writ+ ( ,greek3 tauta panta = ,greek3 panta tauta1--or ,greek3 ho laos outos = ,greek3 outos ho laos1 to :i* allusion is n[ made3 = if t 7 all1 ! ph5om5on w\ld admit ( loyal explanation & excuse4 ,b :at ,i speak ( is a sy/ematic putt+ to wrong ( ! inspir$ words ?r\gh\t ! entire ,codex2 an op]ation :i* 0 evid5tly reg>d$ 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s z a lawful ex]cise ( critical +5uity1--p]haps 0 look$ ^u z an elegant exp$i5t to be adopt$ = improv+ ! /yle ( ! orig9al )\t mat]ially int]f]+ ) ! s5se4 ,let me be=e go+ fur!r lay be=e ! read] a few specim5s ( ,transposition4 ,take = example ,/4 ,m>k i4 #e1--;,greek3 kai ebaptizonto pantes1--is unreasonably turn$ into ,greek3 pantes kai ebaptizonto2 :]eby ! mean+ ( ! ,evangelical record becomes *ang$1 = ,greek3 pantes is n[ made to agree ) ,greek3 ,hi]osolumitai1 & ! ,evangeli/ is repres5t$ z mak+ ! v /rong ass]tion t all ! p ( ,j]usalem came to ,/4 ,john & 7 baptiz$4 ,?is is ! private prop]ty ( ,,bdl,symbol3 ,delta4 ,& sometimes ,i f9d %ort clauses add$ :i* ,i pref] to ascribe to ! misplac$ critical assiduity ( anci5t ,critics4 ,confess$ly spuri\s1 ^! accretions to ! g5u9e text (t5 be> traces ( pi\s intellig5ce1 & occasionally ( consid]able ability4 ,i d n suppose t !y 'crept 9' f ! m>g93 b t !y 7 ins]t$ by m5 :o entirely fail$ to realize ! wrongness ( :at !y did1--! mis*iev\s consequ5ces :i* might possibly ensue f _! well-meant endeav\rs to improve ! "w ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,take aga9 ,/4 ,m>k ii4 #c1 9 :i* ! ord] 9 ,greek3 pros auton p>alytikon ph]ontes1--is *ang$ by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl into ,greek3 ph]ontes pros auton p>alytikon4 ,a few words are ne$$ to expla9 to ^? :o h n c>efully exam9$ ! passage ! effect ( ?is app>5tly slight alt]ation4 ,our ,"l 0 9 a h\se at ,cap]naum ) a ?ick cr[d ( p ar\nd ,him3 !re 0 no room ev5 at ! door4 ,:il/ ,he 0 !re tea*+1 a company ( p come to ,him 7,greek3 er*ontai pros auton71 f\r ( ! p>ty c>ry+ a p>alytic on a b$4 ,:5 !y arrive at ! h\se1 a few ( ! company1 en\gh to repres5t ! :ole1 =ce _! way 9 & rea* ,him3 b on look+ back !y see t ! re/ are unable to br+ ! p>alytic ne> to ,him 7,greek3 pros5gisai aut#cch74 ,^u :i* !y all g out & uncov] ! ro(1 take up ! sick man on 8 b$1 & ! re/ ( ! famili> /ory unfolds itself4 ,"s (fici\s scribe wi%$ to remove all antiquity aris+ f ! sep>ation ( ,greek3 p>alytikon f ,greek3 airom5on :i* agrees ) x1 & transpos$ ,greek3 ph]ontes to ! v]b x is atta*$ to1 ?us clumsily exclud+ ! exquisite h9t1 cle> en\gh to ^? :o c read betwe5 ! l9es1 t 9 ! ineffectual attempt to br+ 9 ! p>alytic only "s ( ! company rea*$ our ,"l's ,pres5ce4 ,( c\rse ! scribe 9 "q f\nd foll[]s 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl4 ,x w be se5 !re=e t "s cases ( transposition are ( a k9d :i* is )\t excuse & inadmissible4 ,su* transposition consi/s 9 draw+ back a ^w :i* occurs fur!r on1 b is ?us introduc$ into a new context1 & gives a new s5se4 ,x seems to be assum$ t s9ce ! words are all !re1 s long z !y be pres]v$1 _! exact collocation is ( no mom5t4 ,transpositions ( t k9d1 to speak pla9ly1 are important only z af=d+ conclusive pro( t su* copies z ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,d pres]ve a text :i* has und]gone a sort ( critical treatm5t :i* is s obvi\sly indef5sible t ! ,codexes !mselves1 h[ev] int]e/+ z monum5ts ( a primitive age1--h[ev] valuable comm]cially & to be priz$ by le>n$ & unle>n$ alike = _! unique importance1--are yet to be priz$ *iefly z beacon-lights pres]v$ by a wat*ful ,provid5ce to w>n e voyag+ b>k aga9/ mak+ %ipwreck on a %ore already /rewn ) wrecks#cci4 ,transposition may sometimes be z conv5i5tly illu/rat$ 9 ,engli% z 9 ,greek4 ,/4 ,luke relates 7,acts ii4 #de1 #df7 t ! fir/ believ]s sold _! goods '& p>t$ !m to all m51 z e man _h ne$4 ,& !y1 cont9u+ daily1' c4 ,= ?is1 ,cod4 ,d reads1 '& p>t$ !m daily to all m5 z e man _h ne$4 ,& !y cont9u$ 9 ! temple4' #b4 ,x is difficult to div9e = :at possible reason mo/ ( ^! transpositions 7 made4 ,on c\ntless occasions !y d n 9 ! lea/ affect ! s5se4 ,(t51 !y are incapable ( be+ idiomatically repres5t$1 9 ,engli%4 ,g5]ally speak+1 !y are ( no mann] ( importance1 except z tok5s ( ! lic5ce :i* 0 claim$ by disciples1 z ,i suspect1 ( ! ,alex&rian s*ool or ex]cis$ un9t5tionally by c>eless or ignorant ,we/]n copyi/s4 ,b !re arise occasions :5 we _c af=d to be s trifl$ )4 ,an important *ange 9 ! mean+ ( a s5t5ce is sometimes effect$ by transpos+ its clauses2 & on "o occasion1 z ,i v5ture to ?9k1 ! prophetic int5tion ( ! ,speak] is obscur$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,i allude to ,/4 ,luke xiii4 #i1 :]e "u ! figure ( a b>r5 fig-tree1 our ,"l h9ts at :at is to befall ! ,jewi% p1 because 9 ! f\r? ye> ( ,8 ,m9i/ry x rema9$ unfruitful4 ',lo1 ^! ?ree ye>s1' 7sai? ,he to ! dress] ( ,8 ,v9ey>d71 'come ,i seek+ fruit on ?is fig-tree1 & f9d none2 cut x d[n2 :y cumb]e? x ! gr\nd8' ',sp>e x = ?is ye> also' 7is ! rejo9d]71 '& if x be> fruit1--well3 b if n1 next ye> ?\ %alt cut x d[n4' ,b on ! /r5g? ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bltw1 "s rec5t ,critics w\ld h u read1--',& if x be> fruit next ye>1--well3 b if n1 ?\ %alt cut x d[n'3--:i* cle>ly w\ld add a ye> to ! season ( ! probation ( ! ,jewi% race4 ,! limit assign$ 9 ! g5u9e text is ! f\r? ye>3 9 ! corrupt text ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bltw1 two bad ,cursives1 & ! two *ief ,egyptian v]sions1 ?is p]iod becomes ext5d$ to ! fif?4 ,to reason ab\t su* transpositions ( words1 a we>isome proce$+ at be/1 soon deg5]ates into ! v]ie/ trifl+4 ,sometimes1 ! ord] ( ! words is really immat]ial to ! s5se4 ,ev5 :5 a diff]5t %ade ( mean+ is ! result ( a diff]5t collocation1 t w seem ! bett] ord] to "o man :i* seems n to be s to ano!r4 ,! be/ ord] ( c\rse is t :i* mo/ accurately exhibits ! ,au?or's precise %ade ( mean+3 b ( ?is ! ,au?or is probably ! only compet5t judge4 ,on our side1 an appeal to actual evid5ce is obvi\sly ! only res\rce3 s9ce 9 no o!r way c we reasonably expect to asc]ta9 :at 0 ! ord] ( ! words 9 ! orig9al docum5t4 ,& surely su* an appeal c be att5d$ ) only "o result3 viz4 ! unconditional rejection ( ! peculi> & (t5 v>y+ ord] advocat$ by ! v few ,codexes1--a cordial acceptance ( ! ord] exhibit$ by e docum5t 9 ! _w besides4 ,i w cont5t myself ) invit+ att5tion to "o or two samples ( my mean+4 ,x has be5 made a "q :e!r ,/4 ,luke 7xxiv4 #g7 wrote1--,greek3 legn1 ,hoti dei ton huion t\ an?rp\ p>ado?nai1 z all ! ,,mss4 9 ! _w b f\r1 all ! ,v]sions1 & all ! available ,fa!rs'#cdj evid5ce f ,a4,d4 #aej d[nw>ds atte/3 or :e!r he wrote1--,greek3 legn ton huion t\ an?rp\ hoti dei p>ado?nai1 z ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcl1--& ^? f\r docum5ts only--w\ld h u believe8 ,! po9t :i* fir/ /rikes a s*ol> is t !re is 9 ?is read+ a famili> classicism :i* is ali5 to ! /yle ( ! ,gospels1 & :i* may be a symptom ( an attempt on ! "p ( "s e>ly critic :o 0 seek+ to br+ !m into agreem5t ) anci5t ,greek models4 ,b surely also x is ev5 obvi\s t ! correspond5ce ( ^? f\r ,codexes 9 su* a p>ticul> z ?is mu/ ne$s be ! result ( _! hav+ d]iv$ ! read+ f "o & ! same orig9al4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! agreem5t ( all ! re/ 9 a trifl+ matt] ( detail l ! pres5t c be acc\nt$ = 9 only "o way1 viz41 by presum+ t !y also h all be5 d]iv$ ?r\gh v>i\s l9es ( desc5t f a s+le docum5t3 b t docum5t ! autograph ( ! ,evangeli/4 ,= ! great numb] & v>iety ( !m necessitates _! hav+ be5 d]iv$ ?r\gh v>i\s l9es ( desc5t4 ,inde$1 !y mu/ h ! notes ( numb]1 v>iety1 z well z cont9uity1 & weight also4 #c4 ,on c\ntless occasions d\btless1 x is v difficult--p]haps impossible--to det]m9e1 ap>t f ext]nal evid5ce1 :i* collocation ( two or m words is ! true "o1 :e!r e4g4 ,greek3 e*ei zn = in/ance or ,greek3 zn e*ei#cda1--;,greek3 g]? eu!s or ,greek3 eu!s g]?#cdb1--;,greek3 *l\s1 typhl\s--or ,greek3 typhl\s1 *l\s#cdc1--%all be pref]r$4 ,! burd5 ( pro( re/s evid5tly ) innovators on ,traditional use4 ,obvi\s at ! same "t is x to =esee t if a man sits d[n be=e ! ,gospel ) ! delib]ate int5tion ( improv+ ! /yle ( ! ,evangeli/s by transpos+ _! words on an av]age ( sev5 7,b71 eight 7,symbol3 ,aleph71 or twelve 7,d7 times 9 e page1 he is safe to convict himself ( folly 9 repeat$ in/ances1 long be=e he has rea*$ ! end ( 8 task4 ,?us1 :5 ! scribe ( ,symbol3 ,aleph1 9 place ( ,greek3 ex\sian edk5 aut kai kris9 poie9#cdd1 pres5ts u ) ,greek3 kai kris9 edk5 aut ex\sian poie91 we hesitate n to say t he has writt5 nons5se#cde4 ,& :5 ,,bd in/ead ( ,greek3 eisi t9es tn de he/kotn exhibit ,greek3 eise tn de tn he/kotn1 we _c b conclude t ! cr$it ( ^? two ,,mss4 mu/ be s f> l[]$ 9 ! eyes ( e "o :o ) true appreciation ( ! niceties ( ,greek s*ol>%ip obs]ves :at has be5 done4 ,?is *>act]i/ic ( ! old uncials is n[ comm5d$ to ! att5tion ( /ud5ts1 :o w f9d 9 ! folios ( ^? docum5ts pl5ty ( in/ances = exam9ation4 ,mo/ ( ! cases ( ,transposition are petty en\gh1 :il/ "s1 z ! specim5s already pres5t$ to ! read] indicate1 con/itute blots n fav\rable to ! g5]al reputation ( ! copies on :i* !y are f\nd4 ,inde$1 !y are s frequ5t t !y h gr[n to be a v habit1 & mu/ h propagat$ !mselves4 ,= x is 9 ?is second>y "* r ?an 9 any fir/ int5tion1 s to speak1 t ,transpositions1 toge!r ) ,omissions & ,sub/itutions & ,additions1 h become to "s ext5t indep5d5t causes ( corruption4 ,orig9ally produc$ by o!r =ces1 !y h acquir$ a p[] ( ext5sion 9 !mselves4 ,x is hop$ t ! passages already quot$ may be f\nd suffici5t to exhibit ! "* ( ! l>ge class ( in/ances 9 :i* ! pure ,text ( ! orig9al ,autographs has be5 corrupt$ by ,transposition4 ,t x has be5 s corrupt$1 is prov$ by ! evid5ce :i* is g5]ally ov]p[]+ 9 ea* case4 ,!re has cle>ly be5 mu* int5tional p]v]sion3 c>elessness also & ignorance ( ,greek comb9$ ) invet]ate inaccuracy1 *>act]i/ics especially ( ,we/]n corruption z may be se5 9 ,codex ,d & ! ,old ,lat9 v]sions1 mu/ h _h _! due %>e 9 ! evil "w4 ,! result has be5 f\nd 9 con/ant slurs ^u ! sacr$ pages1 less5+ ! beauty & (t5 p]v]t+ ! s5se1--a s\rce ( sorr[ to ! ke5 s*ol> & rev]5t ,*ri/ian1 & reit]at$ indignity done 9 wantonness or he$lessness to ! pure & easy fl[ ( ! ,holy ,books4 #d4 ,all ! ,corruption 9 ! ,sacr$ ,text may be class$ "u f\r heads1 viz4 ,omission1 ,transposition1 ,sub/itution1 & ,addition4 ,we are entirely aw>e t1 9 ! arrangem5t adopt$ 9 ?is ,volume = purposes ( conv5i5ce1 ,sci5tific ,me?od has be5 neglect$4 ,! inevitable result mu/ be t passages are capable ( be+ class$ "u m heads ?an "o4 ,b ,logical exactness is ( less practical value ?an a complete & suitable treatm5t ( ! corrupt$ passages t actually occur 9 ! f\r ,gospels4 ,x seems !re=e ne$less to supply ) a scrupul\sness t might bore our read]s a disquisition ^u ,sub/itution :i* has n =c$ itself into a place among/ ,dean ,burgon's pap]s1 al?\gh x is f\nd 9 a fragm5t>y plan ( ?is "p ( ! treatise4 ,sub/itut$ =ms or words or phrases1 su* z ,greek3 ,,os 7,greek3 hos7 = ,greek3 ,,?s 7,greek3 ,!os7#cdf ,greek3 porei = ,greek3 epoiei 7,/4 ,m>k vi4 #bj71 or ,greek3 ouk oidate dokimaze9 = ,greek3 dokimazete 7,/4 ,luke xii4 #ef71 h _! own special causes ( sub/itution1 & are naturally & be/ consid]$ "u ! cause :i* 9 ea* case gave !m bir?4 ,yet ! class ( ,sub/itutions is a l>ge "o1 if ,modifications1 z !y well may be1 are add$ to x#cdg4 ,x w be readily conclud$ t "s sub/itutions are s]i\s1 "s ( less importance1 & _m trivial4 ,( ! m important class1 ! read+ ( ,greek3 ham>tmatos = ,greek3 krises 7,/4 ,m>k iii4 #bi7 :i* ! ,revis]s h adopt$ 9 compliance ) ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl,symbol3 ,delta & ?ree ,cursives1 is a specim54 ,x is true t ,d reads ,greek3 ham>tias support$ by ! fir/ corrector ( ,c1 & ?ree ( ! ,f]r> gr\p 7#ac1 #fi1 #cdf73 & t ! *ange adopt$ is support$ by ! ,old ,lat9 v]sions except f1 ! ,vulgate1 ,bohairic1 ,arm5ian1 ,go?ic1 ,lewis1 & ,saxon4 ,b ! opposition :i* fav\rs ,greek3 krises is made up ( ,a1 ,c "u ! fir/ read+ & ! second correction1 ,symbol3 ,phi,symbol3 ,sigma & elev5 o!r ,uncials1 ! great bulk ( ! ,cursives1 f1 ,pe%itto1 & ,h>kleian1 & is sup]ior 9 /r5g?4 ,! int]nal evid5ce is also 9 fav\r ( ! ,traditional read+1 bo? z reg>ds ! usage ( ,greek3 eno*os1 & ! natural mean+ giv5 by ,greek3 krises4 ,greek3 ,ham>tmatos has cle>ly crept 9 f v]4 #bh4 ,o!r in/ances ( ,sub/itution may be f\nd 9 ! well-kn[n ,/4 ,luke xxiii4 #de 7,greek3 t\ hli\ eklipontos71 ,/4 ,matt4 xi4 #bg 7,greek3 b\ltai apokalypsai71 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #cd 7,greek3 o9on = ,greek3 oxos71 ,/4 ,m>k i4 #b 7,greek3 ,hsaia = ,greek3 tois prophtais71 ,/4 ,john i4 #ah 7,greek3 ho ,monog5s ,!os be+ a sub/itution made by h]etics = ,greek3 ho ,monog5s ,huios71 ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #ca 7,greek3 dia ,sidnos = ,greek3 kai ,sidnos74 ,^! in/ances may p]haps suffice3 _m m may sugge/ !mselves to intellig5t read]s4 ,?\gh mo/ are trivial1 _! cumulative =ce is extremely =midable4 ,_m ( ^! *anges arose f v>i\s causes :i* are describ$ 9 _m o!r places 9 ?is book4 #e4 ,! smalle/ ( ! f\r ,classes1 :i* ^u a pure survey ( ! outw>d =m divide among !mselves ! surface ( ! entire field ( ,corruption1 is t ( ,additions#cdh4 ,& ! reason ( _! smallness ( numb] is discov]able at once4 ,:il/ x is b too easy = scribes or ^? :o h a love ( criticism to omit words & passages "u all circum/ances1 or ev5 to v>y ! ord]1 or to use ano!r ^w or =m in/ead ( ! "r "o1 to ins]t any?+ into ! sacr$ ,text :i* does n proclaim too gl>+ly its own unfitness--9 a ^w1 to inv5t happily--is pla9ly a matt] ( mu* great] difficulty4 ,!re=e to increase ! ,class ( ,ins]tions or ,additions or ,int]polations1 s t x %\ld exce$ ! ,class ( ,omissions1 is to g c\nt] to ! natural action ( human =ces4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 leav+ out l>ge numb]s ( ! ,sacr$ ,words3 b !re is mu* difficulty 9 plac+ 9 ! mid/ ( !m human words1 possess$ ( su* a "* & clo!d 9 su* an uni=m1 z n to betray to ke5 obs]vation _! e>?ly orig94 ,a few examples w set ?is tru? 9 cle>] light4 ,x is rem>kable t ef=ts at int]polation occur mo/ copi\sly among/ ! books ( ^? :o are lea/ fitt$ to make !m4 ,we naturally look among/ ! repres5tatives ( ! ,we/]n s*ool :]e ,greek 0 less und]/ood ?an 9 ! ,ea/ :]e ,greek acum5 0 imp]fectly repres5t$ by ,lat9 activity1 & :]e translation into ,lat9 & retranslation into ,greek 0 a prolific cause ( corruption4 ,take !n ! foll[+ passage f ! ,codex ,d 7,/4 ,luke vi4 #d73-- ',on ! same day ,he beheld a c]ta9 man work+ on ! sabba?1 & said to him1 ,man1 bless$ art ?\ if ?\ kn[e/ :at ?\ doe/2 b if ?\ kn[e/ n1 ?\ art curs$ & a transgressor ( ! law4' ,& ano!r f ! ,curetonian ,syriac 7,/4 ,matt4 xx4 #bh71 :i* occurs "u a worse =m 9 ,d4 ',b seek ye f little to become great]1 & n f great] to become less4 ,:5 ye are invit$ to supp] 9 a h\se1 sit n d[n 9 ! be/ place1 le/ "s "o come :o is m hon\rable ?an ?\1 & ! "l ( ! supp] say to !e1 ,g d[n bel[1 & ?\ be a%am$ 9 ! pres5ce ( !m t h sat d[n4 ,b if ?\ sit d[n 9 ! l[] place1 & "o :o is inf]ior to !e come 91 ! "l also ( ! supp] w say to !e1 ,come ne>1 & come up1 & sit d[n1 & ?\ %alt h great] hon\r 9 ! pres5ce ( !m t h sat d[n4' ,:o does n see t !re is 9 ^! two passages no real 'r+ ( g5u95ess'8 ,take next "s in/ances ( less] ins]tions4 #f4 ,conspicu\s beyond all ?+s 9 ! ,c5turion ( ,cap]naum 7,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #ac7 0 8 fai?4 ,x occasion$ wond] ev5 9 ! ,son ( ,man4 ,d we n1 9 ! significant /atem5t1 t :5 !y :o _h be5 s5t return$ to ! h\se1 '!y f\nd ! s]vant :ole t _h be5 sick#cdi1' recognize by implication ! assurance t ! ,c5turion1 because he ne$$ no su* confirmation ( 8 belief1 w5t n ) !m2 b enjoy$ ! tw(old bless$ness ( rema9+ ) ,*ri/1 & ( believ+ )\t see+8 ,i ?9k s4 ,be ?is h[ev] z x may1 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,cemux besides ab\t fifty cursives1 app5d to ,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #ac ! cle>ly apocryphal /atem5t1 ',& ! ,c5turion return+ to 8 h\se 9 t same h\r f\nd ! s]vant :ole4' ,x does n improve ! matt] to f9d t ,eusebius#cej1 besides ! ,h>kleian & ! ,e?iopic v]sions1 recognize ! same app5dix4 ,we are ?ankful1 t no "o yet has be5 f\nd to advocate ! adoption ( ?is pat5t accretion to ! inspir$ text4 ,its orig9 is n f> to seek4 ,i presume x 0 ins]t$ 9 ord] to give a k9d ( f9i% to ! /ory#cea4 ,ano!r & t a mo/ rem>kable ,addition may be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #cf1 into :i* ! words ,greek3 oude ho ,huios1 'nei!r ! ,son' h be5 transf]r$ f ,/4 ,m>k xiii4 #cb 9 compliance ) a :olly insuffici5t body ( au?orities4 ,la*mann 0 ! lead] 9 ?is proce$+1 & he has be5 foll[$ by ,tis*5dorf1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s4 ,! latt] body add 9 _! m>g91 ',_m au?orities1 "s anci5t1 omit nei!r ! ,son4' ,h[ inadequate to ! facts ( ! case ?is description is1 w be se5 :5 ! au?orities are enum]at$4 ,b fir/ ( ^? :o h be5 reg>d$ by ! majority ( ! ,revis]s z ! dispos]s ( _! decision1 accord+ to ! in=mation suppli$ by ,tis*5dorf4 ,!y are 7a7 ( ,uncials ,symbol3 ,aleph 79 ! fir/ read+ & z re-correct$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury7 ,,bd2 7b7 five ,cursives 7= a pres5t ( #cdf may be freely made to ,tis*5dorf72 7c7 t5 ,old ,lat9 copies also ! ,aureus 7,words471 "s ( ! ,vulgate 7f\r accord+ to ,wordswor?71 ! ,pale/9ian1 ,e?iopic1 ,arm5ian2 7d7 ,orig5 7,lat4 iii4 #hgd71 ,hil>y 7#gcc;a71 ,cyril ,alex4 7,mai ,nova ,pp4 ,biblio!ca1 #dha71 ,ambrose 7i4 #adgh;f74 ,b ,ir5aeus 7,lat4 i4 #chf71 ,cyril 7,za*4 #hjj71 ,*ryso/om 7ad locum7 seem to quote f ,/4 ,m>k4 ,s too1 z ,tis*5dorf admits1 ,amphilo*ius4 ,on ! o!r h& we h1 7a7 ! *ief corrector ( ,symbol3 ,aleph7ca7,symbol3 ,phi,symbol3 ,sigma ) ?irte5 o!r ,uncials & ! ,greek ,,mss4 ( ,adamantius & ,pi]ius m5tion$ by ,j]ome#ceb2 7b7 all ! ,cursives1 z f> z is kn[n 7except ! a=5am$72 7c7 ! ,vulgate1 ) ! ,pe%itto1 ,h>kletan1 ,lewis1 ,bohairic1 & ! ,sahidic2 7d7 ,j]ome 79 ! place j n[ quot$71 ,/4 ,basil :o contra/s ! text ( ,/4 ,mat!w ) t ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ,didymus1 :o is also express 9 decl>+ t ! ?ree words 9 dispute are n f\nd 9 ,/4 ,mat!w 7,tr94 #aie71 ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e 7ii4 #cdf71 ,apollonius ,philosophus 7,gall&4 ix4 #bdg71 ,eu?ymius ,zigab5us 79 loc71 ,paul9us 7iii4 #ab71 ,/4 ,ambrose 7ii4 #fef;a71 & ,ana/asius ,s9aita 7,migne1 lxxxix4 #ida74 ,!ophylact 7i4 #acc71 ,hesy*ius ,presb4 7,migne1 lxiii4 #adb7 ,eusebius 7,gall&4 ix4 #ehj71 ,facundus ,h]m4 7,gall&4 xi4 #ghb71 ,a?anasius 7ii4 #ffj71 quote ! words z f ! ,gospel )\t ref]5ce1 & may !re=e ref] to ,/4 ,m>k4 ,phoebadius 7,gall&4 v4 #bea71 ?\gh quot$ aga9/ ! ,addition by ,tis*5dorf1 is d\btful4 ,on :i* side ! balance ( evid5ce incl9es1 our read]s w judge4 ,b at lea/ !y _c surely ju/ify ! ass]tion made by ! majority ( ! ,revis]s1 t ! ,addition is oppos$ only by '_m au?orities1 "s anci5t1' or at any rate t ?is is a fair & adequate description ( ! evid5ce oppos$ to _! decision4 ,an in/ance occurs 9 ,/4 ,m>k iii4 #af :i* illu/rates ! c>elessness & ta/elessness ( ! h&ful ( au?orities to :i* x pleases _m critics to attribute rul+ au?ority4 ,9 ! f\rte5? v]se1 x _h be5 already /at$ t our ,"l 'orda9$ twelve1' ,greek3 kai epoise ddeka2 b because ,symbol3 ,aleph,b,symbol3 ,delta & ,c 7:i* 0 correct$ 9 ! n9? c5tury ) a ,,ms4 ( ! ,e?iopic7 reit]ate ^! words two v]ses fur!r on1 ,tis*5dorf ) ,we/cott & ,hort assume t x is necess>y to repeat :at has be5 s rec5tly told4 ,mean:ile eighte5 o!r uncials 7includ+ ,a,symbol3 ,phi,symbol3 ,sigma & ! ?ird h& ( ,c72 ne>ly all ! ,cursives2 ! ,old ,lat91 ,vulgate1 ,pe%itto1 ,lewis1 ,h>kleian1 ,go?ic1 ,arm5ian1 & ! o!r ,,mss4 ( ! ,e?iopic omit !m4 ,x is pla9ly unnecess>y to /r5g!n su* an opposition by rese>*es 9 ! pages ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,explanation has be5 already giv51 h[ ! introductions to ,lections1 & o!r ,liturgical =mulae1 h be5 add$ by ins]tion to ! ,text 9 v>i\s places4 ,?us ,greek3 ho ,is\s has (t5 be5 ins]t$1 & 9 "s places rema9s wrongly 79 ! op9ion ( ,dean ,burgon7 9 ! pages ( ! ,receiv$ ,text4 ,! ?ree mo/ important additions to ! ,receiv$ ,text occur1 z ,dean ,burgon ?\ght1 9 ,/4 ,matt4 vi4 #ah1 :]e ,greek3 en t phan] has crept 9 f v4 #f aga9/ ! te/imony ( a l>ge majority bo? ( ,uncial & ( ,cursive ,,mss43 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxv4 #ac1 :]e ! clause ,greek3 en h ho huios t\ an?rp\ er*etai seem$ to him to be condemn$ by a sup]ior weight ( au?ority3 & 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ce1 :]e ! quotation 7,greek3 h9a plr? 444 ebalon klron7 mu/ be tak5 = simil> reasons to h be5 orig9ally a gloss4 ,,footnotes3 #cch ,greek3 pros5gisai is transitive "h1 l ,greek3 engiz 9 ,g54 xlviii4 #aj1 #ac3 #b ,k+s iv4 #f3 ,isaiah xlvi4 #ac4 #cci ,! foll[+ are ! numb]s ( ,transpositions suppli$ by ,b1 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 & ,d 9 ! ,gospels3--,b1 #b1jih3 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 #b1bii3 ,d1 #c1dga4 ,see ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #ab1 #ac4 #cdj ,m>cion 7,epiph4 i4 #cag73 ,eusebius 7,mai1 iv4 #bff73 ,epiphanius 7i4 #cdh73 ,cyril 7,mai1 ii4 #dch73 ,john ,!ss4 7,gall4 xiii4 #ahh74 #cda ,/4 ,john v4 #bf1 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph #cdb ,/4 ,m>k ii4 #ab1 9 ,d4 #cdc ,/4 ,luke xiv4 #ac1 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,b4 #cdd ,/4 ,john v4 #bg4 #cde ',nec alit]' 7says ,tis*5dorf7 ',t]tull4' 7,prax4 #ba71--';et judicium d$it illi fac]e 9 pote/ate4' ,b ?is 7begg+ ! le>n$ critic's p>don7 is q a diff]5t ?+4 #cdf ,see ! v le>n$1 +5i\s1 & satisfactory disquisition 9 ,! ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #dbd-eja4 #cdg ,! numb]s are3-- ,b1 sub/itutions1 #ice2 modifications1 #a1acb2 total1 #b1jfg4 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 #a1aad2 #a1bfe2 #b1cgi4 ,d1 #b1aba2 #a1ggb2 #c1hic4 ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #ab1 #ac4 #cdh ,b has #ecf words add$ 9 ! ,gospels3 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 #hci3 ,d1 #b1bac4 ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #ab1 #ac4 ,! int]polations ( ,d are notori\s4 #cdi ,/4 ,luke vii4 #aj4 #cej ,!oph4 p4 #bab4 #cea ,an opposite fate1 /range to say1 has att5d$ a %ort clause 9 ! same n>rative1 :i* h[ev] is ev5 worse au!nticat$4 ,in/ead ( ,greek3 oude en t ,isral tosautn pi/9 euron 7,/4 ,matt4 viii4 #aj71 we are invit$ h5ce=? to read ,greek3 p>' oud5i tosautn pi/9 en t ,isral euron2--a tame & ta/eless gloss1 witness$ to by only ,b1 & five cursives1--b hav+ no o!r effect1 if x %\ld *ance to be ins]t$1 ?an to m> & obscure ! ,div9e utt]ance4 ,= :5 our ,savi\r decl>es ',n ev5 9 ,israel h ,i f\nd s great fai?1' ,he is cle>ly contra/+ ?is pr(ici5cy ( an e>ne/ ,g5tile aga9/ :atev] ( a l nature ,he _h exp]i5c$ 9 ,8 deal+ ) ! ,jewi% p2 & decl>+ ! result4 ,he is contra/+ ,jacob's desc5dants1 ! heirs ( s _m l(ty privileges1 ) ?is ,g5tile soldi]3 _! spiritual atta9m5ts ) 82 & assign+ ! palm to him4 ,sub/itute ',) no "o 9 ,israel h ,i f\nd s great fai?1' & ! contra/ disappe>s4 ,no?+ else is pr$icat$ b a great] measure ( fai? 9 "o man ?an 9 any o!r4 ,! au?or ( ?is feeble attempt to improve ^u ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel is f\nd to h also tri$ 8 h& on ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,luke1 b ) ev5 inf]ior success3 = !re 8 misdirect$ ef=ts survive only 9 c]ta9 copies ( ! ,old ,lat94 ,ambrose notices 8 (fici\sness1 rem>k+ t x yields an intelligible s5se2 b t1 'juxta ,graecos1' ! place is to be read diff]5tly 7i4 #acgf47 ,x is notori\s t a few copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 7,augu/9e once 7iv4 #cbb71 ?\gh he quotes ! place ne>ly tw5ty times 9 ! usual way7 & ! ,egyptian v]sions exhibit ! same depravation4 ,cyril habitually employ$ an ,evangelium :i* 0 disfigur$ 9 ! same way 7iii4 #hcc1 also ,opp4 v4 #edd1 ed4 ,pusey474 ,b are we out ( su* mat]ials z ^! to set ab\t recon/ruct+ ! text ( ,scripture8 #ceb ',9 quibusdam ,lat9is codicibus additum e/1 neque ,filius3 quum 9 ,graecis1 et maxime ,adamantii et ,pi]ii exempl>ibus hoc non habeatur adscriptum4 ,s$ quia 9 nonnullis legitur1 diss]5dum videtur4' ,hi]4 vii4 #aii a4 ',gaudet ,arius et ,eunomius1 quasi ignorantia magi/ri gloria discipulorum sit1 et dicunt3--,non pote/ aequalis esse qui novit et qui ignorat4' ,ibid4 #f4 ,9 vi4 #iai1 we may quote f ,/4 ,m>k4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption ,,*iefly ,,int5tional4 ,,viii4 ,glosses4 #a4 ',glosses1' prop]ly s call$1 ?\gh !y enjoy a conspicu\s place 9 e enum]ation l ! pres5t1 are probably by no means s num]\s z is commonly suppos$4 ,= c]ta9ly e unau?oriz$ accretion to ! text ( ,scripture is n a 'gloss'3 b only ^? explanatory words or clauses :i* h surreptiti\sly ins9uat$ !mselves into ! text1 & ( :i* no m reasonable acc\nt c be r5d]$ ?an t !y 7 probably 9 ! fir/ in/ance propos$ by "s anci5t ,critic 9 ! way ( useful comm5t1 or necess>y explanation1 or lawful expansion1 or reasonable limitation ( ! actual utt]ance ( ! ,_s4 ,?us ,i d n call ! clause ,greek3 nekr\s egeirete 9 ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #h 'a gloss4' ,x is a gratuit\s & unw>rantable int]polation1--no?+ else b a clumsy encumbrance ( ! text#cec4 ,glosses1 or s*olia1 or comm5ts1 or int]pretations1 are ( v>i\s k9ds1 b are g5]ally conf9$ to ,additions or ,sub/itutions1 s9ce ( c\rse we d n omit 9 ord] to expla91 & transposition ( words already plac$ 9 lucid ord]1 su* z ! sacr$ ,text may be reasonably suppos$ to h obs]v$1 w\ld confuse r ?an illu/rate ! mean+4 ,a clause1 add$ 9 ,hebrew fa%ion#ced1 :i* may p]haps appe> to mod]n ta/e to be h>dly want$1 mu/ n !re=e be tak5 to be a gloss4 ,sometimes a 'v>i\s read+' is no?+ else b a gratuit\s gloss2--! unau?oriz$ sub/itution ( a common = an uncommon ^w4 ,?is ph5om5on is ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 b only 9 ,codexes ( a rem>kable type l ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,,cd4 ,a few in/ances foll[3-- #a4 ,! disciples on a c]ta9 occasion 7,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #cf71 reque/$ our ,"l to 'expla9' to !m 7,greek3 ,,phrason hm91 '!y said'7 ! p>able ( ! t>es4 ,s e kn[n copy1 except two3 s1 all ! ,fa!rs :o quote ! place1--viz4 ,orig51 five times#cee1-- ,basil#cef1--;,j4 ,damasc5e#ceg4 ,& s all ! ,v]sions#ceh4 ,b because ,b-,symbol3 ,aleph1 in/ead ( ,greek3 phrason1 exhibit ,greek3 ,,diasaph,,son 7'make cle> to u'71--:i* is also once ! read+ ( ,orig5#cei1 :o 0 b too well acqua9t$ ) ,codexes ( ! same deprav$ "* z ! ar*etype ( ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph1--,la*mann1 ,tregelles 7n ,tis*5dorf71 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revis]s ( #ahha1 assume t ,greek3 diasaphson 7a palpable gloss7 /ood 9 ! inspir$ autograph ( ! ,evangeli/4 ,!y !re=e ?ru/ out ,greek3 phrason & ?ru/ 9 ,greek3 diasaphson4 ,i am :olly unable to disc]n any connexion betwe5 ! premisses ( ^! critics & _! conclusions#cfj4 #b4 ,take ano!r in/ance4 ,greek3 ,pygm1--! obscure expression 7,symbol3 ,delta leaves x out7 :i* ,/4 ,m>k employs 9 vii4 #c to d5ote ! /r5u\s frequ5cy ( ! ,ph>isees' c]emonial wa%+s1--is ex*ang$ by ,cod4 ,symbol3 ,aleph1 b by no o!r kn[n copy ( ! ,gospels1 = ,greek3 pykna1 :i* la/ ^w is ( c\rse no?+ else b a sorry gloss4 ,yet ,tis*5dorf degrades ,greek3 pygm & promotes ,greek3 pykna to hon\r1--happily /&+ alone 9 8 infatuation4 ,/range1 t ! mo/ indu/ri\s ( mod]n accumulators ( evid5ce %\ld n h be5 aw>e t by su* extravagances he m>r$ 8 pret5sion to critical disc]nm5t6 ,orig5 & ,epiphanius--! only ,fa!rs :o quote ! place--bo? read ,greek3 pygm4 ,x ought to be univ]sally admitt$ t x is a m]e wa/e ( "t t we %\ld argue out a po9t l ?is#cfa4 #b4 ,a gloss little suspect$1 :i*--n )\t a pang ( regret--,i proce$ to submit to ho/ile scrut9y1 is ! expression 'daily' 7,greek3 ka?' hm]an7 9 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bc4 ,f\nd 9 ! ,pe%itto & 9 ,cureton's ,syriac1--b only 9 "s ,copies ( ! ,h>kleian v]sion#cfb3 f\nd 9 mo/ ,copies ( ! ,vulgate1--b l>gely disall[$ by copies ( ! ,old ,lat9#cfc3 f\nd also 9 ,ephraem ,syrus#cfd1--;b cle>ly n recogniz$ by ,orig5#cfe3 f\nd aga9 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ab & six o!r uncials1--b n f\nd 9 ,,cde & t5 o!rs3 ! expression ref]r$ to _c1 at all ev5ts1 plead = its own ret5tion 9 ! text high] antiquity ?an c be plead$ = its exclusion4 ,cyril1 7if 9 su* a matt] ! ,syriac translation ( 8 ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,luke may be tru/$17 is cle>ly an au?ority = read+ ,greek3 ka?' hm]an 9 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bccff2 b !n he else:]e twice quotes ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bc 9 ,greek )\t x#cfg4 ,timo!us ( ,antio*1 ( ! fif? c5tury1 omits ! phrase#cfh4 ,j]ome aga91 al?\gh he suff]$ 'quotidie' to /& 9 ! ,vulgate1 yet1 :5 = 8 own purposes he quotes ! place 9 ,/4 ,luke#cfi1--;ignores ! ^w4 ,all ?is is calculat$ to inspire grave di/ru/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,greek3 ka?' hm]an enjoys ! support ( ! two ,egyptian ,v]sions1--( ! ,go?ic1--( ! ,arm5ian1--( ! ,e?iopic4 ,& ?is1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 mu/ be all[$ to be a weighty piece ( evid5ce 9 its fav\r4 ,b ! case assumes an entirely diff]5t aspect ! in/ant x is discov]$ t out ( ! cursive copies only eight are f\nd to conta9 ,greek3 ka? hm]an 9 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bccgj4 ,h[ is x to be expla9$ t n9e manuscripts out ( e t5 9 exi/5ce %\ld h =gott5 h[ to transmit su* a rem>kable message1 _h x ev] be5 really s committ$ to writ+ by ! ,evangeli/8 ,! omission 7says ,tis*5dorf7 is expla9$ by ! p>allel places#cga4 ,utt]ly incr$ible1 ,i reply2 z no "o ought to h kn[n bett] ?an ,tis*5dorf himself4 ,we n[ scrut9ize ! problem m closely2 & discov] t ! v locus ( ! phrase is a matt] ( unc]ta9ty4 ,cyril once makes x "p ( ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #chcgb4 ,*ryso/om twice connects x ) ,/4 ,matt4 xvi4 #bdcgc4 ,j]ome1 evid5tly reg>d+ ! phrase z a curiosity1 in=ms u t 'juxta antiqua exempl>ia' x 0 met ) 9 ,/4 ,luke xiv4 #bgcgd4 ,all ?is is 9 a high degree unsatisfactory4 ,we suspect t we ourselves enjoy "s slight famili>ity ) ! 'antiqua exempl>ia' ref]r$ to by ! ,critic2 & we freely av[ t we h le>n$ to reckon !m among ! lea/ reputable ( our acqua9tance4 ,are !y n repres5t$ by ^? ,evangelia1 ( :i* sev]al copies are extant1 t pr(ess to h be5 'transcrib$ f1 & collat$ )1 anci5t copies at ,j]usalem'8 ,^! uni=mly exhibit ,greek3 ka? hm]an 9 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bccge4 ,b !n1 if ! phrase be a gloss1--x is obvi\s to inquire1--h[ is its exi/5ce 9 s _m qu>t]s to be acc\nt$ =8 ,its orig9 is n f> to seek4 ,*ryso/om1 9 a c]ta9 place1 aft] quot+ our ,"l's say+ ab\t tak+ up ! cross & foll[+ ,him1 rem>ks t ! words 'd n mean t we are actually to be> ! wood ^u our %\ld]s1 b to keep ! prospect ( dea? /eadily be=e u1 & l ,/4 ,paul to die daily#cgf4' ,! same ,fa!r1 9 ! two o!r places already quot$ f 8 writ+s1 is obs]v$ simil>ly to connect ! ,savi\r's m5tion ( 'be>+ ! ,cross' ) ! ,apo/le's ann\ncem5t--',i die daily4' ,add1 t ,ephraem ,syrus#cgg1 & ,j]ome quot$ already1--p]si/5tly connect ! same two places toge!r2 ! la/ nam$ ,fa!r ev5 cit+ !m 9 imm$iate succession2--& ! inf]5ce is unavoidable4 ,! phrase 9 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bc mu/ ne$s be a v anci5t z well z v int]e/+ expository gloss1 import$ into ! ,gospel f #a ,cor4 xv4 #ca1--;z ,mill#cgh & ,mat?aei#cgi long s9ce sugge/$4 ,s9c]ely regrett+ ! necessity ( p>t+ ) an expression ) :i* "o has be5 s long famili>1 we _c suff] ! s5tim5tal plea to weigh ) u :5 ! ,tru? ( ! ,gospel is at /ake4 ,c]ta9 x is t b = ,erasmus1 we %\ld nev] h kn[n ! regret3 = x 0 he t introduc$ ,greek3 ka? hm]an into ! ,receiv$ ,text4 ,! ,,ms4 f :i* he pr9t$ is )\t ! expression3 :i* is also n f\nd 9 ! ,complut5sian4 ,x is c]ta9ly a spuri\s accretion to ! inspir$ ,text4 ,! att5tion ( ! read] is p>ticul>ly invit$ to ?is la/ p>agraph4 ,! le>n$ ,dean has be5 sne]$ at = a suppos$ s5tim5tal & effem9ate atta*m5t to ! ,textus ,receptus4 ,he 0 always ready to reject words & phrases1 :i* h n adequate support2 b he d5i$ ! validity ( ! evid5ce br\ght aga9/ _m texts by ! s*ool ( ,we/cott & ,hort1 & !re=e he refus$ to foll[ !m 9 _! surr5d] ( ! passages4 #c4 ,inde$1 a great _m 'v>i\s read+s1' s call$1 are no?+ else b v anci5t int]pretations1--fabricat$ read+s !re=e1--( :i* ! value may be e/imat$ by ! fact t almo/ e trace ( !m has long s9ce disappe>$4 ,su* is ! sub/itution ( ,greek3 pheugei = ,greek3 ane*rs5 9 ,/4 ,john vi4 #ae2--:i*1 by ! way1 ,tis*5dorf ?ru/s into 8 text on ! sole au?ority ( ,symbol3 ,aleph1 "s ,lat9 copies includ+ ! ,vulgate1 & ,cureton's ,syriac#chj3 ?\gh ,tregelles ignores its v exi/5ce4 ,t our ,"l's ')drawal' to ! m\nta9 on t occasion 0 ( ! nature ( 'flight1' or 'retreat' is obvi\s4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om & ,cyril rem>k t ,he 'fl$ to ! m\nta94' ,& yet bo? ,fa!rs 7l ,orig5 & ,epiphanius be=e !m7 are f\nd to h read ,greek3 ane*rs54 ,almo/ z reasonably 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! same v]se might ,tis*5dorf 7) ,symbol3 ,aleph7 h sub/itut$ ,greek3 anadeiknynai = ,greek3 h9a poiss9 auton1 on ! plea t ,cyril#cha says1 ,greek3 zte9 auton anadeixai kai basilea4 ,we may on no acc\nt suff] ourselves to be impos$ ^u by su* %all[ pret5ces = tamp]+ ) ! text ( ,scripture3 or ! deposit w nev] be safe4 ,a pat5t gloss1--r an int]pretation1--acquires no claim to be reg>d$ z ! g5u9e utt]ance ( ! ,holy ,_s by be+ m]ely f\nd 9 two or ?ree anci5t docum5ts4 ,x is ! little h&ful ( docum5ts :i* loses 9 reputation1--n ! read+ :i* ga9s 9 au?ority on su* occasions4 ,9 ?is way we are sometimes pres5t$ ) :at 9 effect are new incid5ts4 ,^! are n unfrequ5tly discov]$ to be introduc$ 9 defiance ( ! reason ( ! case2 z :]e 7,/4 ,john xiii4 #cd7 ,simon ,pet] is repres5t$ 79 ! ,vulgate7 z actually say+ to ,/4 ,john1 ',:o is x conc]n+ :om ,he speaks8' ,o!r copies ( ! ,lat9 exhibit1 ',ask ,him :o x is1' c43 :ile ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc 7= on su* occasions we are treat$ to any am\nt ( apocryphal matt]7 w\ld p]suade u t ,/4 ,pet] only requir$ t ! in=mation %\ld be furni%$ him by ,/4 ,john3--',say :o x is ( :om ,he speaks4' ,sometimes a v little lic5ce is suffici5t to conv]t ! oratio obliqua into ! recta4 ,?us1 by ! *ange ( a s+le lett] 79 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bx7 ,m>y ,magdal5e is made to say to ! disciples ',i h se5 ! ,"l' 7,/4 ,john xx4 #ah74 ,b !n1 z might h be5 anticipat$1 ! new does n altoge!r agree ) ! old4 ,accord+ly ,d & o!rs p>aphrase ! rema9d] ( ! s5t5ce ?us1--'& %e signifi$ to !m :at ,he _h said unto h]4' ,h[ obvi\s is x to =esee t on su* occasions ! _s ( (fici\sness w nev] "k :5 to /op6 ,9 ! ,vulgate & ,sahidic v]sions ! s5t5ce proce$s1 '& ,he told ^! ?+s unto me4' ,take ano!r example4 ,! ,hebraism ,greek3 meta salp+os phns megals 7,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #ca7 pres5ts an uncong5ial ambiguity to ,we/]n read]s1 z our own incorrect ,a4 ,v4 suffici5tly %ews4 ,two me?ods ( escape f ! difficulty sugge/$ !mselves to ! anci5ts3--7a7 ,s9ce 'a trumpet ( great s\nd' means no?+ else b 'a l\d trumpet1' & s9ce ?is c be z well express$ by ,greek3 salp+os megals1 ! scribes at a v remote p]iod are f\nd to h omitt$ ! ^w ,greek3 phns4 ,! ,pe%itto & ,lewis 7int]pret+ r ?an translat+7 s deal ) ! text4 ,accord+ly1 ,greek3 phns is n f\nd 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,l,symbol3 ,delta & five cursives4 ,eusebius#chb1 ,cyril ,j]us4#chc1 ,*ryso/om#chd1 ,!odoret#che1 & ev5 ,cyprian#chf are also )\t ! ^w4 7b7 ,a less viol5t exp$i5t 0 to int]polate ,greek3 kai be=e ,greek3 phns4 ,?is is accord+ly ! read+ ( ! be/ ,italic copies1 ( ! ,vulgate1 & ( ,d4 ,s ,hil>y#chg & ,j]ome#chh1 ,sev]ianus#chi1 ,a/]ius#cij1 ps4-,caes>ius#cia1 ,damasc5e#cib & at lea/ elev5 cursive copies1 s read ! place4--,!re c be no d\bt at all t ! commonly receiv$ text is "r4 ,x is f\nd 9 ?irte5 uncials ) ,b at _! head3 9 ,cosmas#cic1 ,hesy*ius#cid1 ,!ophylact#cie4 ,b ! decisive consid]ation is t ! great body ( ! cursives h fai?fully reta9$ ! uncong5ial ,hebraism1 & accord+ly imply ! transmission ( x all d[n ! ages3 a ph5om5on :i* w n escape ! unprejudic$ read]4 ,nei!r w he ov]look ! fact t ! ?ree 'old uncials' 7= ,a & ,c are n available "h7 advocate z _m diff]5t read+s3 ! two wrong read+s be+ respectively c\nt5anc$ by our two mo/ anci5t au?orities1 viz4 ! ,pe%itto v]sion & ! ,italic4 ,x only rema9s to po9t out t ,tis*5dorf bl9d$ by 8 p>tiality = ,symbol3 ,aleph cont5ds "h = ! mutilat$ text1 & ,we/cott & ,hort are dispos$ to d ! same4 #d4 ,rec5t ,editors are agre$ t we are h5ce=? to read 9 ,/4 ,john xviii4 #ad ,greek3 apo?ane9 in/ead ( ,greek3 apole/hai3--',n[ ,caiaphas 0 he :o c\nsell$ ! ,jews t x 0 exp$i5t t "o man %\ld die' 7in/ead ( 'p]i%'7 '= ! p4' ,!re is c]ta9ly a consid]able am\nt ( anci5t te/imony 9 fav\r ( ?is read+3 = besides ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc1 x is f\nd 9 ! ,old ,lat9 copies1 ! ,egyptian1 & ,pe%itto v]sions1 besides ! ,lewis ,,ms41 ! ,*ronicon1 ,cyril1 ,nonnus1 ,*ryso/om4 ,yet may x be reg>d$ z c]ta9 t ,/4 ,john wrote ,greek3 apole/hai 9 ?is place4 ,! prop] pro( ( ! /atem5t is ! cons5ti5t voice ( all ! copies1--except ab\t n9ete5 ( loose "*3--we "k _! vag>ies b too well1 & decl9e to let !m impose ^u u4 ,9 real fact1 no?+ else is ,greek3 apo?ane9 b a critical assimilation ( ,/4 ,john xviii4 #ad to xi4 #ej1--some:at z 'die' 9 our ,a4 ,v4 has be5 reta9$ by ,k+ ,james' translators1 ?\gh !y c]ta9ly _h ,greek3 apole/hai be=e !m4 ,_m ( ^! glosses are rank1 pat5t1 palpable4 ,su* is ! sub/itution 7,/4 ,m>k vi4 #aa7 ( ,greek3 hos an topos m dextai hymas by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl,symbol3 ,delta = ,greek3 hosoi an m dexntai hymas1--:i* latt] is ! read+ ( ! ,old ,lat9 & ,pe%itto1 z well z ( ! :ole body ( uncials & cursives alike4 ,"s ,critic evid5tly consid]$ t ! words :i* foll[1 ':5 y g out !nce1' imply t place1 n p]sons1 %\ld h gone be=e4 ,accord+ly1 he sub/itut$ ':atsoev] place' = ':osoev]#cif'3 ano!r has bequea!d to u 9 f\r uncial ,,mss4 a la/+ record ( 8 ra%ness & incompet5cy4 ,s9ce h[ev] he left beh9d ! words ,greek3 mde ak\ss9 hymn1 :i* imm$iately foll[1 :o sees n t ! fabricator has betray$ himself8 ,i am a/oni%$ t s pat5t a fraud %\ld h impos$ ^u ,tis*5dorf1 & ,tregelles1 & ,la*mann1 & ,al=d1 & ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,b 9 fact x does n /& alone4 ,f ! same copies ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl,symbol3 ,delta 7) two o!rs1 ,,cd7 we f9d ! woe d5\nc$ 9 ! same v]se on ! unbeliev+ city eras$ 7,greek3 amn leg hym91 anektot]on e/ai ,sodomois ,gomorrois en hm]ai krises1 t polei eke974 ,q idle is x to pret5d 7) ,tis*5dorf7 t ^! words are an importation f ! p>allel place 9 ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,a memorable note ( div]sity has be5 set on ! two places1 :i* 9 all ! copies is religi\sly ma9ta9$1 viz4 ,greek3 ,sodomois ,gomorrois1 9 ,/4 ,m>k3 ,greek3 g ,sodomn kai ,gomorrn1 9 ,/4 ,matt4 ,x is simply incr$ible t ?is c\ld h be5 done if ! receiv$ text 9 ?is place _h be5 ( spuri\s orig94 #e4 ,! ^w ,greek3 ape*ei 9 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #da has prov$ a /umbl+-block4 ,! mo/ obvi\s explanation is probably ! true/4 ,aft] a brief pause#cig1 dur+ :i* ! ,savi\r has be5 cont5t to survey 9 sil5ce ,8 sleep+ disciples2--or p]haps1 aft] tell+ !m t !y w h "t & opportunity en\gh = sleep & re/ :5 ,he %all h be5 tak5 f !m2--,he ann\nces ! arrival ( '! h\r1' by exclaim+1 ,greek3 ,ape*ei1--',x is en\gh2' or1 ',x is suffici5t2' i4e4 ,! season = repose is ov]4 ,b ! ',revis]s' ( ! second c5tury did n p]ceive t ,greek3 ape*ei is "h us$ imp]sonally#cih4 ,!y und]/ood ! ^w to mean 'is fully come'2 & suppli$ ! suppos$ nom9ative1 viz4 ,greek3 to telos#cii4 ,o!r critics :o rightly und]/ood ,greek3 ape*ei to signify 'sufficit1' /ill subjo9$ 'f9is4' ,! ,old ,lat9 & ! ,syriac v]sions mu/ h be5 execut$ f ,greek copies :i* exhibit$1--,greek3 ape*ei to telos4 ,?is is abundantly prov$ by ! r5d]+s ade/ f9is 7f71--consummatus e/ f9is 7a72 f :i* ! *ange to ,greek3 ape*ei to telos ,,kai h hra 7! read+ ( ,d7 0 obvi\s3 sufficit f9is et hora 7d q72 ade/ enim consummatio2 et 7ff#b v5it7 hora 7c72 or1 7z ! ,pe%itto m fully gives x71 approp9quavit f9is1 et v5it hora#djj4 ,j]ome put ?is matt] /raight by simply writ+ sufficit4 ,b x is a sugge/ive circum/ance1 & an int]e/+ pro( h[ l>gely ! read+ ,greek3 ape*ei to telos mu/ once h prevail$1 t x is frequ5tly met ) 9 cursive copies ( ! ,gospels to ?is h\r#dja4 ,happily x is an 'old read+' :i* f9ds no fav\r at ! pres5t day4 ,x ne$ n !re=e occupy u any long]4 ,z ano!r in/ance ( anci5t ,glosses introduc$ to help out ! s5se1 ! read+ ( ,/4 ,john ix4 #bb is confess$ly ,greek3 h9a ean tis auton homologsi ,*ri/on4 ,s all ! ,,mss4 b "o1 & s ! ,old ,lat94 ,s inde$ all ! anci5t v]sions except ! ,egyptian4 ,cod4 ,d alone adds ,greek3 e9ai3 b ,greek3 e9ai mu/ once h be5 a famili> gloss3 = ,j]ome reta9s x 9 ! ,vulgate3 & inde$ ,cyril1 :5ev] he quotes ! place#djb1 exhibits ,greek3 ton ,*ri/on e9ai4 ,n s h[ev] ,*ryso/om#djc & ,gregory ( ,nyssa#djd4 #f4 ,!re is sc>cely to be f\nd1 amid ! incid5ts imm$iately prec$+ our ,savi\r's ,passion1 "o m affect+ or m exquisite ?an ! ano9t+ ( ,8 feet at ,be?any by ,m>y ! si/] ( ,laz>us1 :i* receiv$ its unexpect$ int]pretation f ! lips ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ',let h] alone4 ,aga9/ ! day ( ,my embalm+ ha? %e kept x4' 7,/4 ,john xii4 #g47 ,he assigns to h] act a my/]i\s mean+ ( :i* ! holy woman little dreamt4 ,%e _h treasur$ up t preci\s ungu5t aga9/ ! day1--7) ! pres5tim5t ( true ,love1 %e knew t x c\ld n be v f> di/ant71--:5 ,8 dead limbs w\ld require embalm+4 ,b lo1 %e beholds ,him recl9+ at supp] 9 h] si/]'s h\se3 & yield+ to a ,div9e impulse %e br+s =? h] res]v$ co/ly (f]+ & be/[s x on ,him at once4 ,ah1 %e little knew1--%e c\ld n 9 fact h kn[n1--t x 0 ! only ano9t+ ^? sacr$ feet 7 de/9$ ev] to enjoy6444 ,9 ! meantime ?r\gh a desire1 z ,i suspect1 to br+ ?is incid5t into an impossible h>mony ) :at is record$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #a1 ) :i* obvi\sly x has no mann] ( connexion1 a scribe is f\nd at "s exce$+ly remote p]iod to h improv$ our ,"l's expression into ?is3--',let h] alone 9 ord] t aga9/ ! day ( ,my embalm+ %e may keep x4' ,su* an exhibition ( ! ,sacr$ ,text is its own suffici5t condemnation4 ,:at t critic exactly meant1 ,i fail to discov]3 b ,i am sure he has spoilt :at he did n und]/&3 & ?\gh x is q true t ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bd ) five o!r ,uncial ,,mss4 & ,nonnus1 besides ! ,lat9 & ,bohairic1 ,j]usalem1 ,arm5ian1 & ,e?iopic v]sions1 besides f\r errant cursives s exhibit ! place1 ?is in/ead ( comm5d+ ! read+ to our fav\r1 only proves damag+ to ! witnesses by :i* x is upheld4 ,we le>n t no reliance is to be plac$ ev5 9 su* a comb9ation ( au?orities4 ,?is is "o ( ! places :i* ! ,fa!rs pass by almo/ 9 sil5ce4 ,*ryso/om#dje h[ev]1 & evid5tly ,cyril ,alex4#djf1 z well z ,ammonius#djg convey ?\gh r\ghly a bett] s5se by quot+ ! v]se ) ,greek3 epoise = ,greek3 tetrk54 ,antio*us#djh is express4 ,a & elev5 o!r uncials1 & ! cursives 7) ! petty exception already not$71 toge!r ) ! ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian 7:i* only notes ! o!r read+ 9 ! m>g971 ,lewis1 ,sahidic1 & ,go?ic v]sions1 =m a body ( au?ority aga9/ ! palpable emasculation ( ! passage1 :i* = numb]1 v>iety1 weight1 & int]nal evid5ce is greatly sup]ior to ! oppos+ body4 ,also1 ) ref]5ce to cont9uity & antiquity x prepond]ates pla9ly1 if n s decisively2 & ! context ( ,d is full ( blund]s1 besides t x omits ! next v]se1 & ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph are also inaccurate h]eab\ts#dji4 ,s t ! ,traditional text enjoys 9 ?is passage ! support ( all ! ,notes ( ,tru?4 ,9 accordance ) :at has be5 said above1 = ,greek3 ,aphes autn2 eis tn hm]an t\ entaphiasm\ m\ tetrk5 auto 7,/4 ,john xii4 #g71 ! copies :i* x has rec5tly become ! fa%ion to adore1 read ,greek3 aphes autn h9a 444 trs auto4 ,?is />tl+ innovation1--:i* de/roys ! s5se ( our ,savi\r's words1 & furni%es a sorry sub/itute :i* no "o is able to expla9#daj1--;is accept$ by rec5t ,editors & "s ,critics3 yet is x cle>ly no?+ else b a /upid correction ( ! text1--introduc$ by "s "o :o did n und]/& ! int5tion ( ! ,div9e ,speak]4 ,our ,savi\r is "h discov]+ to u an exquisite circum/ance1--reveal+ :at until n[ _h be5 a pr(\nd & t5d] secret3 viz4 t ,m>y1 conv9c$ by _m a sad tok5 t ! ,day ( ,8 dep>ture c\ld n be v f> di/ant1 _h "s "t be=e provid$ h]self ) ?is co/ly o9tm5t1 & 'kept x' by h]1--int5d+ to res]ve x aga9/ ! d>k day :5 x w\ld be ne$$ = ! 'embalm+' ( ! lifeless body ( h] ,"l4 ,& n[ x wants only a week to ,ea/]4 ,%e beholds ,him 7) ,laz>us at ,8 side7 recl9+ 9 h] si/]'s h\se at supp]1 amid circum/ances ( my/]y :i* fill h] s\l ) awful anticipation4 ,%e div9es1 ) love's true in/9ct1 t ?is may prove h] only opportunity4 ,accord+ly1 %e 'anticipates to ano9t' 7,greek3 proelabe myrisai1 ,/4 ,m>k xiv4 #h7 ,8 ,body3 &1 yield+ to an ov]:elm+ impulse1 be/[s ^u ,him all h] co/ly (f]+ at once6444 ,h[ does x happ5 t "s pr(ess$ critics h ov]look$ all ?is8 ,any "o :o has really /udi$ ! subject ought to "k1 f a m]e survey ( ! evid5ce1 on :i* side ! tru? 9 respect ( ! text ( ?is passage mu/ ne$s lie4 #g4 ,our ,"l1 9 ,8 great ,eu*>i/ic address to ! et]nal ,fa!r1 ?us speaks3--',i h glorifi$ ,!e on ! e>?4 ,i h p]fect$ ! "w :i* ,?\ gave/ ,me to d' 7,/4 ,john xvii4 #d74 ,two ?+s are /at$3 fir/1 t ! result ( ,8 ,m9i/ry _h be5 ! exhibition ^u e>? ( ! ,fa!r's 'glory#daa'3 next1 t ! "w :i* ! ,fa!r _h giv5 ! ,son to d#dab 0 at la/ f9i%$#dac4 ,& t ?is is :at ,/4 ,john actually wrote is c]ta93 n only because x is f\nd 9 all ! copies1 except twelve ( suspici\s "* 7head$ by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcl72 b because x is v\*$ = by ! ,pe%itto#dad & ! ,lat91 ! ,go?ic & ! ,arm5ian v]sions#dae3 besides a :ole *orus ( ,fa!rs2 viz4 ,hippolytus#daf1 ,didymus#dag1 ,eusebius#dah1 ,a?anasius#dai1 ,basil#dbj1 ,*ryso/om#dba1 ,cyril#dbb1 ps4-,polyc>p#dbc1 ! int]polator ( ,ignatius#dbd1 & ! au?ors ( ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions#dbe3 toge!r ) ! foll[+ among ! ,lat9s3--,cyprian#dbf1 ,ambrose#dbg1 ,hil>y#dbh1 ,z5o#dbi1 ,cassian#dcj1 ,novatian#dca1 c]ta9 ,arians#dcb1 ,augu/9e#dcc4 ,b ! asyndeton 7s *>act]i/ic ( ! f\r? ,gospel7 prov+ uncong5ial to c]ta9 ( old "t1 ,d ins]t$ ,greek3 kai4 ,a m popul> device 0 to sub/itute ! p>ticiple 7,greek3 teleisas7 = ,greek3 eteleisa3 :]eby our ,"l is made to say t ,he _h glorifi$ ,8 ,fa!r's ,"n 'by p]fect+' or 'complet+'--'9 t ,he _h f9i%$'--! "w :i* ! ,fa!r _h giv5 ,him to d2 :i* damages ! s5se by limit+ x1 & inde$ introduces a new idea4 ,a m pat5t gloss x w\ld be h>d to f9d4 ,yet has x be5 adopt$ z ! g5u9e text by all ! ,editors & all ! ,critics4 ,s g5]al is ! delusion 9 fav\r ( any read+ support$ by ! comb9$ evid5ce ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcl1 t ! ,revis]s "h translate--',i glorifi$ ,!e on ! e>?1 hav+ accompli%$ 7,greek3 teleisas7 ! "w :i* ,?\ ha/ giv5 ,me to d3' )\t s mu* z v\*saf+ a h9t to ! ,engli% read] t !y h alt]$ ! text4 ,:5 "s came ) ! message ',?y daught] is dead3 :y tr\ble/ ?\ ! ,ma/] fur!r8' ! ,evangeli/ relates t ,jesus 'z soon z ,he he>d 7,greek3 eu!s ak\sas7 :at 0 be+ spok51 said to ! rul] ( ! synagogue1 ,fe> n3 only believe4' 7,/4 ,m>k v4 #cf47 ,= ?is1 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl,symbol3 ,delta sub/itute 'disreg>d+ 7,greek3 p>ak\sas7 :at 0 be+ spok5'3 :i* is no?+ else b a sorry gloss1 dis[n$ by e o!r copy1 includ+ ,,acd1 & all ! v]sions4 ,yet does ,greek3 p>ak\sas f9d fav\r ) ,tes*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 & o!rs4 #h4 ,9 ?is way x happ5$ t 9 ! e>lie/ age ! con/ruction ( ,/4 ,luke i4 #ff became misappreh5d$4 ,"s ,we/]n scribe evid5tly imag9$ t ! popul> say+ conc]n+ ,john ,bapti/1--,greek3 ti apa to paidion t\to e/ai1 ext5d$ fur!r1 & compris$ ! ,evangeli/'s record1--,greek3 kai *eir ,kyri\ n met' aut\4 ,to support ?is /range view1 ,greek3 kai 0 alt]$ into ,greek3 kai g>1 & ,greek3 e/i 0 sub/itut$ = ,greek3 n4 ,x is ?us t ! place /&s 9 ! ,v]ona copy ( ! ,old ,lat9 7b74 ,9 o!r qu>t]s ! v]b 0 omitt$ altoge!r3 & t is h[ ,d1 ,evan4 #ei ) ! ,v]celli 7a7 & two o!r copies ( ! ,old ,lat9 exhibit ! place4 ,augu/9e#dcd is f\nd to h read indiff]5tly--'manus enim ,dom9i cum illo1' & 'cum illo e/'3 b he insi/s t ! comb9$ clauses repres5t ! popul> utt]ance conc]n+ ! ,bapti/#dce4 ,unhappily1 !re survives a notable trace ( ! same misappreh5sion 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph-,,bcl :i*1 alone ( ,,mss41 read ,greek3 kai g> 444 n#dcf4 ,! consequ5ce might h be5 anticipat$4 ,all rec5t ,editors adopt ?is read+1 :i* h[ev] is cle>ly inadmissible4 ,! receiv$ text1 witness$ to by ! ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian1 & ,arm5ian v]sions1 is obvi\sly correct4 ,accord+ly1 ,a & all ! uncials n already nam$1 toge!r ) ! :ole body ( ! cursives1 s read ! place4 ,) fatal infelicity ! ,revis]s exhibit ',= inde$ ! h& ( ! ,"l 0 ) him4' ,!y cle>ly are to blame3 = inde$ ! ,,ms4 evid5ce admits ( no unc]ta9ty4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t n a s+le v anci5t ,greek ,fa!r 7s f> z ,i c discov]7 quotes ! place4 #i4 ,x seems to h be5 anci5tly felt1 9 connexion ) ! fir/ miracul\s draught ( fi%es1 t ,/4 ,luke's /atem5t 7v4 #g7 t ! %ips 7 s full t '!y 7 s9k+' 7,greek3 h/e by?ize/hai auta7 requires "s qualification4 ,accord+ly ,c ins]ts ,greek3 d 77 'j' s9k+72 & ,d1 ,greek3 p>a ti 7')9 a little'73 :ile ! ,pe%itto ! ,lewis & ! ,vulgate1 z well z _m copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 exhibit 'ita ut p5e4' ,^! attempts to improve ^u ,scripture1 & ^! p>aphrases1 indicate laudable zeal = ! tru?fulness ( ! ,evangeli/2 b !y betray an utt]ly mi/ak5 view ( ! critic's (fice4 ,! tru? is1 ,greek3 by?ize/hai1 z ! ,bohairic translators p]ceiv$ & z mo/ ( u are aw>e1 means '7 beg9n+ to s9k4' ,!re is no ne$ ( fur!r qualify+ ! expression by ! ins]tion ) ,eusebius#dcg ( any additional ^w4 ,i /rongly suspect t ! introduction ( ! "n ( ',pyrrhus' into ,acts xx4 #d z ! patronymic ( ',sopat] ( ,b]aea1' is to be acc\nt$ = 9 ?is way4 ,a v e>ly gloss x c]ta9ly is1 = x appe>s 9 ! ,old ,lat93 yet1 ! ,pe%itto kn[s no?+ ( x1 & ! ,h>kleian rejects x f ! text1 ?\gh n f ! m>g94 ,orig5 & ! ,bohairic recognize x1 b n ,*ryso/om nor ! ,e?iopic4 ,i suspect t "s fooli% critic ( ! primitive age inv5t$ ,greek3 ,pyr\ 7or ,greek3 ,pyrr\7 out ( ,greek3 ,b]oiaios 7or ,greek3 ,b]roiaios7 :i* foll[s4 ,! ,lat9 =m ( ?is 0 ',pyrus#dch1' ',pyrrhus1' or ',pirrus#dci4' ,9 ! ,sahidic v]sion he is call$ ! 'son ( ,b]us' 7,greek3 huios ,b]\71--:i* confirms me 9 my conjecture4 ,b inde$1 if x 0 ) "s ,b]aean t ! gloss orig9at$1--& :at m likely8--x becomes an int]e/+ circum/ance t ! inhabitants ( t "p ( ,mac$onia are kn[n to h confus$ ! p & b s\nds#ddj4444 ,?is entire matt] is unimportant 9 itself1 b ! lett] ( ,scripture _c be too c>efully gu>d$3 & let me invite ! read] to consid]1--,if ,/4 ,luke actually wrote ,greek3 ,spatros ,pyrr\ ,b]oiaios1 :y at ! pres5t day %\ld five copies out ( six record no?+ ( t second ^w8 ,,footnotes3 #cec ,see ,! ,traditional ,text1 pp4 #ea-eb4 #ced ,/4 ,m>k vi4 #cc4 ,see ,! ,traditional ,text1 p4 #hj4 #cee iii4 #c e3 #d b & c3 #ddb a3 #dha b4 ,note1 t ! ,greek3 rhsis 9 :i* ! fir/ ?ree ( ^! quotations occur seems to h be5 obta9$ by ,de la ,rue f a ,cat5a on ,/4 ,luke 9 ! ,maz>9e ,libr>y 7see 8 ,monitum1 iii4 #a74 ,a l>ge portion ( x 7viz4 f p4 #c1 l9e #be1 to p4 #d1 l9e #bi7 is ascrib$ to ',i4 ,geometra 9 ,prov]bia' 9 ! ,cat5a 9 ,luc4 ( ,cord]ius1 p4 #bag4 #cef ii4 #cde4 #ceg ii4 #bdb4 #ceh ,! ,lat9 is ediss]e or diss]e1 en>ra or n>ra1 bo? "h & 9 xv4 #ae4 #cei iv4 #bed a4 #cfj ,9 ,/4 ,mat!w xiii4 #cf ! ,pe%itto ,syriac has ,syriac lett]s 'decl>e to u' & 9 ,/4 ,mat!w xv4 #ae ! v same words1 !re be+ no v>i\s read+ 9 ei!r ( ^! two passages4 ,! inf]5ce is1 t ! translators _h ! same ,greek ^w 9 ea* place1 especially consid]+ t 9 ! only o!r place :]e1 besides ,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #cf1 v4 #a41 ,greek3 diasaphe9 occurs1 viz4 ,/4 ,matt4 xviii4 #ca1 !y r5d] ,greek3 diesaphsan by ,syriac lett]s--!y made kn[n4 ,s9ce ,greek3 phraze9 only occurs 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #cf & xv4 #ae1 we _c g5]alize ab\t ! ,pe%itto r5d]+ ( ?is v]b4 ,conv]sely1 ,syriac lett]s is us$ z ! r5d]+ ( o!r ,greek words besides ,greek3 phraze91 e4g4 ( ,greek3 epilue91 ,/4 ,m>k iv4 #cd2 ( ,greek3 di]mneue91 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #bg2 ( ,greek3 dianoige91 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #cb & ,acts xvii4 #c4 ,on ! :ole ,i h no d\bt 7?\gh x is n susceptible ( pro(7 t ! ,pe%itto _h1 9 bo? ! places quot$ above1 ,greek3 phrason4 #cfa ,9 ,/4 ,m>k vii4 #c1 ! translators ( ! ,pe%itto r5d] :atev] ,greek !y _h be=e !m by ,syriac lett]s1 :i* means 'eag]ly1' 's$ul\sly'2 cf4 use ( ! ^w = ,greek3 sp\dais1 ,/4 ,luke vii4 #d2 ,greek3 epimels1 ,/ ,luke xv4 #h4 ,! ,root means 'to cease'2 !nce 'to h leisure = a ?+'3 x has no?+ to d ) ',fi/4' ,rev4 ,g4,h4 ,gwilliam4 #cfb ,h>kl4 ,m>g4 9 loc41 & ,adl]1 p4 #aae4 #cfc ,viz4 a b c e ff#b l q4 #cfd ,greek3 ',opheilei psy*1 en t log t\ ,kyri\ katakol\?\sa1 ton /auron aut\ ka?' hm]an aire91 hs gegraptai2 t\t' e/91 hetoims e*\sa hypom5e9 dia ,*ri/on pasan ?lips9 kai peirasmon1 k4t4l4 7ii4 #cbf e74 ,9 ! same _s1 fur!r on1 he exhorts to con/ancy & pati5ce1--,greek3 ton epi t\ ,kyri\ ?anaton en epi?ymiai pantote pro oph?almn e*ontes1 kai 7ka?s eirtai hypo t\ ,kyri\7 ka?' hm]an ton /auron airontes1 ho e/i ?anatos 7ii4 #ccb e74 ,x is fair to assume t ,ephraem's ref]5ce is to ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bc1 see+ t he wrote n 9 ,greek b 9 ,syriac1 & t 9 ! ,pe%itto ! clause is f\nd only 9 t place4 #cfe ,greek3 ,ak\e ,l\ka legontos1--i4 #bha f4 ,also1 int4 iii4 #edc4 #cff ,pp4 #bba 7text71 #bbb1 #bbg4 #cfg ii4 #gea e1 #ggd e 79 ,es47--! pro( t ^! quotations are f ,/4 ,luke2 t ,cyril exhibits ,greek3 arnsa/h in/ead ( ,greek3 ap>n4 7see ,tis*5dorf's note on ,/4 ,luke ix4 #bc74 ,! quotation 9 i4 #dj 7,glaph47 may be f ,/4 ,matt4 xvi4 #bd4 #cfh ,migne1 vol4 lxxxvi4 pp4 #bef & #beg4 #cfi ,aft] quot+ ,/4 ,m>k viii4 #cd1--';aut juxta ,lucam1 dicebat ad cunctos3 ,si quis vult po/ me v5ire1 abneget semetipsum2 et tollat crucem suam1 et sequetur me4'--i4 #heb c4 ,?is is f\nd 9 8 solution ( ,,xi ,quae/iones1 'ad ,algasiam1'--free translations probably f ! ,greek ( "s e>li] ,fa!r4 ,six l9es l[] d[n 7aft] quot+ words f\nd n[h]e 9 ! ,gospels71 ,j]ome proce$s3--',quotidie cr$5s 9 ,*ri/um tollit crucem suam1 et negat seipsum4' #cgj ,?is spuri\s clause adorn$ ! lo/ ar*etype ( ,evann4 #ac1 #fi1 #abd1 #cdf 7,f]r>'s f\r72 & survives 9 c]ta9 o!r ,evangelia :i* enjoy a simil> repute1--z #a1 #cc1 #gb 7) a m>g9al note ( di/ru/71 #aca4 #cga ,!y are ,/4 ,matt4 xvi4 #bd2 ,/4 ,m>k viii4 #cd4 #cgb i4 #eig c 7,adorat47--else:]e 7viz4 i4 #ba d2 #ebh c2 #ehj b2 iv4 #ajeh a2 v7#b74 #hc c7 ,cyril quotes ! place correctly4 ,note1 t ! quotation f\nd 9 ,mai1 iii4 #abf1 :i* ,pusey edits 7v4 #dah71 9 ,ep4 ad ,hebr41 is no?+ else b an exc]pt f ! treatise de ,adorat4 i4 #ebh c4 #cgc ,9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,matt4 xvi4 #bd3--;,greek3 ,dia pantos t\ bi\ t\to dei poie94 ,dineks g>1 phsi1 p]iph]e ton ?anaton t\ton1 kai ka? hm]an hetoimos eso pros sphagn 7vii4 #eeg b74 ,aga91 comm5t+ on *4 xix4 #ba1--;,greek3 ,dei prog\m5s akol\!9 t ,*ri/ t\te/i1 panta ta p> aut\ keleuom5a poie91 pros sphgas e9ai hetoimon1 kai ?anaton ka?m]99 7p4 #fbi e73--words :i* ,*ryso/om imm$iately foll[s up by quot+ *4 xvi4 #bd 7#fcj a74 #cgd i4 #idi b1--',quotidie 7inquit ,apo/olus7 morior propt] ve/ram salutem4 ,et ,dom9us1 juxta antiqua exempl>ia1 ,nisi quis tul]it crucem suam quotidie1 et sequntus fu]it me1 non pote/ meus esse discipulus'--,comm5t+ on ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #ch 7vol4 vii4 p4 #fe b71 ,j]ome rem>ks1--'9 alio ,evangelio scribitur1--,qui non accipit crucem suam quotidie'3 b ! correspond+ place to ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #ch1 9 ! sectional sy/em ( ,eusebius 7,greek & ,syriac71 is ,/4 ,luke xiv4 #bg4 #cge ,viz4 ,evan4 #dgc 7#bpe74 #cgf ii4 #ff c1 d4 #cgg ,see above1 p4 #age1 note #b4 #cgh ,proleg4 p4 cxlvi4 #cgi ,n4,t4 7#ahjc71 i4 #cfh4 #chj ,lewis "h agrees ) ,pe%itto4 #cha iv4 #gde4 #chb ,9 ,ps4 #eja4 #chc #bbi & #bcf4 #chd vii4 #gcf3 xi4 #dgh4 #che ii4 #abji4 #chf #bfi4 #chg #egg4 #chh i4 #hha4 #chi ,ap4 ,*rys4 vi4 #dfj4 #cij ,ap4 ,greg4 ,nyss4 ii4 #beh4 #cia ,gall&4 vi4 #ec4 #cib ii4 #cdf4 #cic ii4 #bfa1 #cbd4 #cid ,ap4 ,greg4 ,nyss4 iii4 #dbi4 #cie i4 #acb4 #cif ,! att5tive /ud5t ( ! ,gospels w recognize ) int]e/ h[ gracefully ! ?ird ,evangeli/ ,/4 ,luke 7ix4 #e7 has ov]come ?is difficulty4 #cig ,augu/9e1 ) 8 accu/om$ acut5ess1 po9ts out t ,/4 ,m>k's n>rative %ews t aft] ! words ( ',sleep on n[ & take y\r re/1' our ,"l mu/ h be5 sil5t = a brief space 9 ord] to all[ ,8 disciples a slight prolongation ( ! refre%m5t :i* 8 words _h already p]mitt$ !m to enjoy4 ,pres5tly1 ,he is he>d to say1--',x is en\gh'--7t is1 ',ye h n[ slept & re/$ en\gh'72 & adds1 ',! h\r is come4 ,behold1 ! ,son ( ,man is betray$ into ! h&s ( s9n]s4' ',s$ quia commemorata non e/ ipsa int]positio sil5tii ,dom9i1 propt]ea co>tat intellectum1 ut 9 illis v]bis alia pronuntiatio requiratur4'--iii#b4 #ajf a1 b4 ,! passage 9 "q runs ?us3--,greek3 ,ka!idete to loipon kai anapaue/he4 ape*ei2 l!n h hra2 id\1 k4t4l4 #cih ,^? :o saw ?is1 expla9 ! ^w amiss4 ,note ! ,s*olion 7,anon4 ,vat47 9 ,poss9us1 p4 #cba3--;,greek3 ape*ei1 t\te/i1 peplrtai1 telos e*ei to kat' eme4 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 p4 #bbf1 note4 #cii ,i retract unres]v$ly :at ,i (f]$ on ?is subject 9 a =m] "w 7,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses1 c41 pp4 #bbe1 #bbf74 ,i 0 misl$ by "o :o seldom inde$ misleads1--! le>n$ editor ( ! ,codex ,bezae 79 loco74 #djj ,s ,pe%itto4 ,lewis1 v5it hora1 approp9quat f9is4 ,h>kleian1 ade/ consummatio1 v5it hora4 #dja ,greek3 ape*ei4 ,vg4 sufficit4 ,greek3 to telos1 #ac1 #fi1 #abd1 #bpe1 cscr1 #dg1 #ed1 #ef1 #fa1 #ahd1 #cdf1 #cdh1 #dci4 d1 q1 sufficit f9is et hora4 f1 ade/ f9is1 v5it hora4 c1 ff#b1 ade/ enim consummatio1 et 7ff#b v5it7 hora4 a1 consummatus e/ f9is1 adv5it hora4 ,x is c]ta9 t "o =midable s\rce ( dang] to ! sacr$ text has be5 its occasional obscurity4 ,?is has result$1--7#a7 sometimes 9 ! omission ( words3 ,greek3 ,deut]oprton4 7#b7 ,sometimes 9 sub/itution1 z ,greek3 pygmi4 7#c7 ,sometimes 9 ! ins]tion ( unau?oriz$ matt]3 ?us1 ,greek3 to telos1 z above4 #djb iii4 #aje3 iv4 #iac4 ,s also iv4 #fad4 #djc vi4 #bhc4 #djd i4 #cjg4 #dje viii4 #cib4 #djf iv4 #fif4 #djg ,cram]'s ,cat4 9 loc4 #djh #ajfc4 #dji ,e4g4 v]4 #a4 ,all ! ?ree (fici\sly ins]t ,greek3 ho ,is\s1 9 ord] to prev5t p f imag9+ t ,laz>us rais$ ,laz>us f ! dead2 v]4 #d1 ,d gives ! gloss1 ,greek3 apo ,k>yt\ = ,greek3 ,isk>its2 v]4 #ac1 spells ?us1--,greek3 hssana2 besides con/ant inaccuracies1 9 :i* x is foll[$ by none4 ,symbol3 ,aleph omits n9ete5 words 9 ! fir/ ?irty-two v]ses ( ! *apt]1 besides add+ eight & mak+ o!r alt]ations4 ,b is f> f be+ accurate4 #daj ',let h] alone1 t %e may keep x aga9/ ! day ( ,my bury+' 7,al=d74 ,b h[ c\ld %e keep x aft] %e _h p\r$ x all out8--',suff] h] to h kept x aga9/ ! day ( ,my prep>ation unto burial' 7,mc,clellan74 ,b ,greek3 h9a trs c\ld h>dly mean t3 & ! day ( ,8 ,greek3 entaphiasmos _h n yet arriv$4 #daa ,consid] ii4 #aa & xi4 #dj3 ,/4 ,luke xiii4 #ag3 ,heb4 i4 #c4 #dab ,consid] v4 #cf & iv4 #cd4 #dac ,consid] ,/4 ,john xix4 #cj4 ,cf4 ,/4 ,luke xxii4 #cg4 #dad ,lewis1 '& ! "w ,i h p]fect$'3 ,h>kleian1 'because ! "w1' c41 'because' be+ obeliz$4 #dae ,! ,bohairic & ,e?iopic are ho/ile4 #daf i4 #bde 7 ,con/t4 ,app4 viii4 #a2 ap4 ,gall&4 iii4 #aii74 #dag ,p4 #dai4 #dah ,mcell p4 #aeg4 #dai i4 #ecd4 #dbj ii4 #aif1 #bch3 iii4 #ci4 #dba v4 #bef3 viii4 #dge bis4 #dbb iii4 #edb3 iv4 #ied3 v#a4 #eii1 #fja1 #fad3 v#b4 #aeb4--;,9 ! foll[+ places ,cyril %ews himself acqua9t$ ) ! o!r read+1--iv4 #hgi3 v#a4 #afg1 #cff3 vi4 #abd4 #dbc ,polyc4 frg4 v 7ed4 ,jacobson74 #dbd ,ps4-,ignat4 #cbh4 #dbe ,ap4 ,gall4 iii4 #bae4 #dbf ,p4 #bhe4 #dbg ii4 #ede4 #dbh ,pp4 #eaj1 #haf1 #ajjh4 ,b op]e con/ummato1 pp4 #hab1 #hae4--;,j]ome also once 7iv4 #efc7 has op]e completo4 #dbi ,ap4 ,gall4 v4 #ace4 #dcj ,p4 #cfg4 #dca ,ap4 ,gall4 iii4 #cjh4 #dcb ,ap4 ,aug4 viii4 #fbb4 #dcc iii#b4 #gfa3 viii4 #fdj4 #dcd v4 #aaff4 #dce ,ibid4 #aafe g1 #aaff a4 #dcf ,?\gh ! ,bohairic1 ,go?ic1 ,vulgate1 & ,e?iopic v]sions are disfigur$ 9 ! same way1 & ! ,lewis reads 'is4' #dcg ,!oph4 #baf note3 ,greek3 hs k9dyneue9 auta by?i/hnai4 #dch ,cod4 ,amiat4 #dci g1--at ,/ockholm4 #ddj ,/ephanus ,de ,urbibus 9 voc4 ,greek3 ,b]oia4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption ,,*iefly ,,int5tional4 ,,ix4 ,corruption by ,h]etics4 #a4 ,! ,corruptions ( ! ,sacr$ ,text :i* we h be5 hi!rto consid]+1 h[ev] div]se ! causes f :i* !y may h result$1 h yet all agre$ 9 ?is3 viz4 t !y h all be5 ( a lawful nature4 ,my mean+ is1 t app>5tly1 at no /age ( ! bus9ess has !re be5 mala fides 9 any qu>t]4 ,we are prep>$ to make ! utmo/ all[ance = c>eless1 ev5 = lic5ti\s transcription2 & we c inv5t excuses = ! mi/ak5 zeal1 ! (fici\sness if m5 pref] to call x s1 :i* has occasionally n scrupl$ to adopt conjectural em5dations ( ! ,text4 ,to be brief1 s long z an hone/ reason is discov]able = a corrupt read+1 we gladly adopt ! plea4 ,x has be5 %ewn ) suffici5t cle>ness1 ,i tru/1 9 ! c\rse ( ! =ego+ *apt]s1 t ! numb] ( di/9ct causes to :i* v>i\s read+s may reasonably be attribut$ is ev5 extraord9>y4 ,b !re rema9s aft] all an al>m+ly l>ge assortm5t ( textual p]turbations :i* absolutely refuse to fall "u any ( ! heads ( classification already enum]at$4 ,!y are n to be acc\nt$ = on any ord9>y pr9ciple4 ,& ?is residuum ( cases x is1 :i* occasions our pres5t emb>rassm5t4 ,!y are 9 tru? s exce$+ly num]\s2 !y are (t5 s v consid]able2 !y are1 z a rule1 s v lic5ti\s2 !y transgress to su* an ext5t all regulations2 !y usurp s p]si/5tly ! (fice ( tru? & fai?fulness1 t we really "k n :at to ?9k ab\t !m4 ,sometimes we are pres5t$ ) gross int]polations1--apocryphal /ories3 m (t5 ) sy/ematic lac]ations ( ! text1 or trans=mations z f an angel ( light4 ,we are con/ra9$ to inquire1 ,h[ all ?is c possibly h come ab\t8 ,h !re ev5 be5 p]sons :o made x _! bus9ess ( set purpose to corrupt ! sacr$ deposit ( ,holy ,scripture entru/$ to ! ,*ur* = ! p]petual illum9ation ( all ages till ! ,"l %\ld come8 ,at ?is /age ( ! inquiry1 we are rem9d$ t x is ev5 notori\s t 9 ! e>lie/ age ( all1 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures 7 subject$ to su* influ5ces4 ,9 ! age :i* imm$iately succe$$ ! ,apo/olic !re 7 h]etical tea*]s n a few1 :o f9d+ _! t5ets refut$ by ! pla9 ,^w ( ,god b5t !mselves aga9/ ! writt5 ,^w ) all _! p[]4 ,f seek+ to evacuate its tea*+1 x 0 b a s+le /ep to seek+ to falsify its te/imony4 ,pr(ane lit]ature has nev] be5 expos$ to su* ho/ility4 ,i make ! rem>k 9 ord] also to rem9d ! read] ( "o m po9t ( dissimil>ity betwe5 ! two classes ( writ+s4 ,! ine/imable value ( ! ,new ,te/am5t entail$ great] dang]s1 z well z secur$ sup]ior safegu>ds4 ,/range1 t a lat] age %\ld try to disc>d ! latt]4 ,x is f\nd !re=e t ,satan c\ld n ev5 wait = ! grave to close ov] ,/4 ,john4 ',_m' !re 7 already :o taught t ,*ri/ _h n come 9 ! fle%4 ,gno/icism 0 9 ! _w already4 ,/4 ,paul d5\nces x by "n#dda1 & significantly condemns ! wild fancies ( its pr(essors1 _! dang]\s speculations z well z _! absurd figm5ts4 ,?us he pr$icts & condemns#ddb _! pe/il5tial tea*+ 9 respect ( meats & dr9ks & conc]n+ matrimony4 ,9 8 ,epi/le to ,timo?y#ddc he relates t ,hym5eus & ,philetus taught t ! ,resurrection 0 pa/ already4 ,:at wond] if a flood ( impi\s tea*+ broke loose on ! ,*ur* :5 ! la/ ( ! ,apo/les _h be5 ga!r$ 91 & ano!r g5]ation ( m5 _h aris51 & ! age ( ,miracles 0 f\nd to be dep>t+ if x _h n already dep>t$1 & ! l(tie/ boa/ :i* any c\ld make 0 t !y _h kn[n ^? :o _h se5 & he>d ! ,apo/les ( ! ,"l4 ,! 'griev\s wolves' ^: assaults ,/4 ,paul pr$ict$ z imm95t1 & aga9/ :i* he w>n$ ! heads ( ! ,ephesian ,*ur*#ddd1 did n long 'sp>e ! flock4' ,already1 :ile ,/4 ,john 0 yet alive1 _h ! ,nicolaitans develop$ _! tea*+ at ,ephesus#dde & 9 ! neighb\r+ ,*ur* ( ,p]gamos#ddf4 ,our ris5 ,"l 9 glory ann\nc$ to ,8 s]vant ,john t 9 ! latt] city ,satan _h e/abli%$ 8 dwell+-place#ddg4 ,nay1 :ile ^? awful words 7 be+ spok5 to ! ,se] ( ,patmos1 ! m5 7 already born :o fir/ d>$ to lay _! impi\s h&s on ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,no soon] d we f9d ourselves out ( ,apo/olic times & among monum5ts ( ! primitive age ?an we are made aw>e t ! sacr$ text mu/ h be5 expos$ at t v e>ly p]iod to di/urb+ influ5ces :i*1 on no ord9>y pr9ciples1 c be expla9$4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,ir5aeus1 ,orig51 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1--among ! ,fa!rs3 "s ,old ,lat9 ,,mss4#ddh ! ,bohairic & ,sahidic1 & com+ lat] on1 ! ,curetonian & ,lewis1--among ! ,v]sions3 ( ! copies ,codd4 ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph3 & above all1 com+ lat] d[n /ill1 ,cod4 ,d3--^! v5]able monum5ts ( a primitive age occasionally pres5t u ) de=mities :i* x is worse ?an useless to ext5uate1--q impossible to ov]look4 ,unau?oriz$ app5dixes1--ta/eless & /upid amplifications1--pla9 p]v]sions ( ! mean+ ( ! ,evangeli/s1--:olly gratuit\s assimilations ( "o ,gospel to ano!r1--! unprovok$ omission ( passages ( pr(\nd int]e/ & n unfrequ5tly ( high doctr9al import3--,h[ are su* ph5om5a z ^! to be acc\nt$ =8 ,aga91 9 "o qu>t]1 we light ^u a sy/ematic mutilation ( ! text s extraord9>y t x is z if "s "o _h amus$ himself by runn+ 8 p5 ?r\gh e clause :i* 0 n absolutely necess>y to ! intelligibl5ess ( :at rema9$4 ,9 ano!r qu>t] we enc\nt] ! ?ru/+ 9 ( fabul\s /ories & apocryphal say+s :i* disfigure z well z encumb] ! text4--,h[ w any "o expla9 all ?is8 ,let me h[ev] at ! risk ( repeat+ :at has be5 already said dispose at once ( an uneasy suspicion :i* is pretty sure to sugge/ itself to a p]son ( intellig5ce aft] read+ :at goes be=e4 ,if ! mo/ primitive witnesses to our h& are inde$ discov]$ to be> false witness to ! text ( ,scripture1--:i!r are we to betake ourselves = ! ,tru?8 ,& :at security c we hope ev] to enjoy t any giv5 exhibition ( ! text ( ,scripture is ! true "o8 ,are we !n to be told t 9 ?is subject-matt] ! maxim 'id v]ius quod prius' does n hold8 t ! /ream in/ead ( gett+ pur] z we approa* ! f\nta9 head1 on ! contr>y gr[s m & m corrupt8 ,no?+ ( ! sort1 ,i answ]4 ,! direct rev]se is ! case4 ,our appeal is always made to antiquity2 & x is no?+ else b a truism to ass]t t ! olde/ read+ is also ! be/4 ,a v few words w make ?is matt] cle>2 because a v few words w suffice to expla9 a circum/ance already adv]t$ to :i* x is necess>y to keep always be=e ! eyes ( ! read]4 ,! *>act]i/ic note1 ! "o di/+ui%+ feature1 ( all ! mon/r\s & palpable p]v]sions ( ! text ( ,scripture j n[ "u consid]ation is ?is3--t !y are nev] v\*$ = by ! olde/ docum5ts g5]ally1 b only by a few ( !m1--two1 ?ree1 or m ( ! olde/ docum5ts be+ obs]v$ z a rule to yield conflict+ te/imony1 7:i* 9 ?is subject-matt] is 9 fact contradictory74 ,9 ?is way ! olde/ witnesses ne>ly always refute "o ano!r1 & inde$ dispose ( "o ano!r's evid5ce almo/ z (t5 z t evid5ce is untru/wor?y4 ,& n[ ,i may resume & proce$4 ,i say !n t x is an adequate1 z well z a s+ul>ly satisfactory explanation ( ! great] "p ( ^? gross depravations ( ,scripture :i* admit ( no legitimate excuse1 to attribute !m1 h[ev] remotely1 to ^? lic5ti\s free-h&l]s ( ! text :o are decl>$ by _! contempor>ies to h falsifi$1 mutilat$1 int]polat$1 & 9 :atev] o!r way to h corrupt$ ! ,gospel2 ^: blasphem\s productions ( necessity mu/ once h obta9$ a v wide circulation3 & inde$ w nev] want "s to recomm5d & uphold !m4 ,:at ) ^? :o l ,basilides & 8 foll[]s inv5t$ a ,gospel ( _! own3--:at ) ^? :o ) ! ,ebionites & ! ,val5t9ians int]polat$ & o!rwise p]v]t$ "o ( ! f\r ,gospels until x suit$ _! own purposes3--:at ) ^? :o l ,m>cion %amefully maim$ & mutilat$ ! inspir$ text3--!re mu/ h be5 a l>ge mass ( corruption fe/]+ 9 ! ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! imm$iate po/-,apo/olic age4 ,b ev5 ?is is n all4 ,!re 7 ^? :o l ,tatian con/ruct$ ,diatess>ons1 or attempts to weave ! f\rfold n>rative into "o1--',lives ( ,*ri/1' s to speak2--& productions ( ?is class 7 multipli$ to an extraord9>y ext5t1 & z we c]ta9ly "k1 n only f\nd _! way into ! remote/ corn]s ( ! ,*ur*1 b e/abli%$ !mselves !re4 ,& w any "o affect surprise if occasionally a curi\s s*ol> ( ^? days 0 impos$ ^u by ! confid5t assurance t by no means 7 ^? _m s\rces ( light to be indiscrim9ately reject$1 b t !re mu/ be "s tru? 9 :at !y advanc$8 ,9 a s+ul>ly uncritical age1 ! s$uctive simplicity ( "o read+1--! int]e/+ fullness ( ano!r1--! plausibility ( a ?irds--0 q sure to recomm5d its acceptance among/ ^? _m eclectic rec5sions :i* 7 con/ruct$ by long s9ce =gott5 ,critics1 f :i* ! mo/ deprav$ & wor?less ( our exi/+ texts & v]sions h be5 d]iv$4 ,emphatically condemn$ by ,ecclesia/ical au?ority1 & hopelessly outvot$ by ! univ]sal voice ( ,*ri/5dom1 buri$ "u fifte5 c5turies1 ! corruptions ,i speak ( survive at ! pres5t day *iefly 9 t little h&ful ( copies :i*1 calamit\s to relate1 ! s*ool ( ,la*mann & ,tis*5dorf & ,tregelles look ^u z oracul>3 & 9 con=mity ) :i* _m s*ol>s are = refa%ion+ ! ,evangelical text "u ! mi/ak5 title ( ',old ,read+s4' ,& n[ to proce$ ) my argum5t4 #b4 ,num]\s z 7 ! h]esies ( ! fir/ two or ?ree c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 !y almo/ all agre$ 9 ?is2--t !y involv$ a d5ial ( ! et]nal ,godhead ( ! ,son ( ,man3 d5i$ t ,he is ess5tially v & et]nal ,god4 ,?is fundam5tal h]esy f\nd itself hopelessly confut$ by ! :ole t5or ( ! ,gospel1 :i* nev]!less x assail$ ) re/less +5uity3 & _m are ! traces alike ( its impot5ce & ( its malice :i* h surviv$ to our own times4 ,x is a memorable circum/ance t x is precisely ^? v texts :i* relate ei!r to ! et]nal g5]ation ( ! ,son1--to ,8 ,inc>nation1--or to ! circum/ances ( ,8 ,nativity1--:i* h suff]$ mo/ sev]ely1 & reta9 to ?is h\r traces ( hav+ be5 9 v>i\s ways tamp]$ )4 ,i d n say t ,h]etics 7 ! only (f5d]s "h4 ,i am incl9$ to suspect t ! or?odox 7 z mu* to blame z ! impugn]s ( ! ,tru?4 ,b x 0 at lea/ ) a pi\s motive t ! latt] tamp]$ ) ! ,deposit4 ,!y did b imitate ! example set !m by ! assail+ p>ty4 ,x is inde$ ! calamit\s consequ5ce ( extravagances 9 "o direction t !y are obs]v$ ev] to beget excesses 9 ! opposite qu>t]4 ,accord+ly ! piety ( ! primitive age did n ?9k x wrong to =tify ! ,tru? by ! ins]tion1 suppression1 or sub/itution ( a few words 9 any place f :i* dang] 0 appreh5d$4 ,9 ?is way1 ,i am p]suad$1 _m an unw>rantable 'read+' is to be expla9$4 ,i d n mean t 'm>g9al glosses h frequ5tly f\nd _! way into ! text'3--t po9ts to a :olly improbable acc\nt ( ! matt]4 ,i mean1 t expressions :i* seem$ to c\nt5ance h]etical notions1 or at lea/ :i* _h be5 made a bad use ( by evil m51 7 delib]ately falsifi$4 ,b ,i mu/ n fur!r anticipate ! sub/ance ( ! next *apt]4 ,! m5 :o fir/ sy/ematically deprav$ ! text ( ,scripture1 7 z we n[ mu/ "k ! h]esi>*s ,basilides 7fl4 #acd71 ,val5t9us 7fl4 #adj71 & ,m>cion 7fl4 #aej73 ?ree names :i* ,orig5 is obs]v$ almo/ inv>iably to enum]ate toge!r4 ,basilides#ddi & ,val5t9us#dej are ev5 said to h writt5 ,gospels ( _! own4 ,su* a /atem5t is n to be sev]ely press$3 b ! g5]al fact is e/abli%$ by ! notices1 & ^? are exce$+ly abundant1 :i* ! writ]s aga9/ ,h]esies h cit$ & left on record4 ,all t is int5d$ by su* /atem5ts is t ^! old h]etics reta9$1 alt]$1 transpos$1 j s mu* z !y pleas$ ( ! f\rfold ,gospel3 & fur!r1 t !y import$ :atev] additional matt] !y saw fit3--n t !y reject$ ! inspir$ text entirely1 & sub/itut$ some?+ ( _! own inv5tion 9 its place#dea4 ,& ?\gh1 9 ! case ( ,val5t9us1 x has be5 cont5d$1 app>5tly ) reason1 t he probably did n individually g to ! same l5g? z ,basilides1--:o1 z well 9 respect ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les z ( ! f\r ,gospels1 0 evid5tly a griev\s (f5d]#deb1--yet1 s9ce x is cle> t 8 pr9cipal foll[]s1 :o 7 also 8 contempor>ies1 put =? a composition :i* !y 7 pleas$ to /yle ! ',gospel ( ,tru?#dec1' x is idle to dispute z to ! limit ( ! ra%ness & impiety ( ! individual au?or ( ! h]esy4 ,let x be fur!r /at$1 z no slight confirmation ( ! view already haz>d$ z to ! probable cont5ts ( ! 7s-call$7 ,gospels ( ,basilides & ( ,val5t9us1 t "o p>ticul> ,gospel is relat$ to h be5 pref]r$ be=e ! re/ & specially adopt$ by c]ta9 s*ools ( anci5t ,h]etics4 ,?us1 a /rangely mutilat$ & deprav$ text ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel is relat$ to h f\nd especial fav\r ) ! ,ebionites#ded1 ) :om ! ,cor9?ians are associat$ by ,epiphanius3 ?\gh ,ir5aeus seems to say t x 0 ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel :i* 0 adopt$ by ! h]etical foll[]s ( ,c]9?us4 ,m>cion's delib]ate *oice ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel is suffici5tly well kn[n4 ,! ,val5t9ians appropriat$ to !mselves ,/4 ,john#dee4 ,h]acleon1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ disciple ( ?is s*ool1 is delib]ately c5sur$ by ,orig5 = hav+ corrupt$ ! text ( ! f\r? ,evangeli/ 9 _m places#def4 ,a consid]able portion ( 8 ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,john has be5 pres]v$ to u3 & a v /range production x is f\nd to h be54 ,conc]n+ ,m>cion1 :o is a f> m conspicu\s p]sonage1 x w be necess>y to speak m p>ticul>ly4 ,he has left a m>k on ! text ( ,scripture ( :i* traces are di/9ctly recognizable at ! pres5t day#deg4 ,a great deal m is kn[n ab\t him ?an ab\t any o!r individual ( 8 s*ool4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & ,ir5aeus wrote aga9/ him3 besides ,orig5 & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,t]tullian 9 ! ,we/#deh1 & ,epiphanius 9 ! ,ea/1 elaborately refut$ 8 tea*+1 & give u l>ge in=mation z to 8 me?od ( h&l+ ,scripture4 ,ano!r writ] ( ?is remote "t :o1 z ,i am prone to ?9k1 mu/ h ex]cis$ s5sible influ5ce on ! text ( ,scripture 0 ,ammonius ( ,alex&ria4 ,b ,tatian beyond e o!r e>ly writ] ( antiquity appe>s to me to h caus$ alt]ations 9 ! ,sacr$ ,text4 ,x is obvi\sly no answ] to any?+ t has gone be=e to insi/ t ! ,evangelium ( ,m>cion 7= in/ance71 s f> z x is recognizable by ! notices ( x giv5 by ,epiphanius1 c v r>ely inde$ be %ewn to h resembl$ any extant ,,ms4 ( ! ,gospels4 ,let x be ev5 freely grant$ t _m ( ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ x by ,epiphanius ) s mu* w>m?1 collapse :5 closely exam9$ & sev]ely sift$4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t ,m>cion's ,gospel 0 kn[n to be an h]etical production3 "o ( ! _m creations ( ! ,gno/ic age1--x mu/ h be5 univ]sally execrat$ & abhorr$ by fai?ful m54 ,besides ?is lac]at$ text ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1 !re 0 an ,ebionite rec5sion ( ,/4 ,mat!w3 a ,c]9?ian exhibition ( ,/4 ,m>k3 a ,val5t9ian p]v]sion ( ,/4 ,john4 ,& we are b insi/+ t ! effect ( s _m corruptions ( ! ,tru?1 indu/ri\sly propagat$ )9 f> less ?an #ajj ye>s ( ! date ( ! inspir$ v]ities !mselves1 mu/ ne$s h made itself s5sibly felt4 ,add ! notori\s fact1 t 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies aft] ! ,*ri/ian era ! text ( ! ,gospels is f\nd to h be5 grossly corrupt$ ev5 9 or?odox qu>t]s1--& t traces ( ^! gross corruptions are discov]able 9 c]ta9 circles to ! pres5t h\r1--& x seems impossible n to connect ! two ph5om5a toge!r4 ,! wond] r is t1 at ! end ( s _m c5turies1 we are able di/9ctly to recognize any evid5ce :atev]4 ,! pron5ess ( ^! e>ly ,h]etics sev]ally to adopt "o ( ! f\r ,gospels = _! own1 expla9s :y !re is no consi/5cy obs]vable 9 ! corruptions !y introduc$ into ! text4 ,x also expla9s ! br++ into "o ,gospel ( ?+s :i* ( "r cle>ly belong to ano!r--z 9 ,/4 ,m>k iii4 #ad ,greek3 ous kai apo/ol\s nomas54 ,i d n propose 7z w pres5tly appe>7 9 ?is way to expla9 any consid]able numb] ( ! actual corruptions ( ! text3 b 9 no o!r way is x possible to acc\nt = su* sy/ematic mutilations z are f\nd 9 ,cod4 ,b1--su* mon/r\s additions z are f\nd 9 ,cod4 ,d1--su* gross p]turbations z are cont9ually met ) 9 "o or m1 b nev] 9 all1 ( ! e>lie/ ,codexes extant1 z well z 9 ! olde/ ,v]sions & ,fa!rs4 ,! plan ( ,tatian's ,diatess>on w acc\nt = a great deal4 ,he indulges 9 frigid glosses1 z :5 ab\t ! w9e at ! fea/ ( ,cana 9 ,galilee he reads t ! s]vants knew 'because !y _h drawn ! wat]'2 or 9 ta/eless & /upid amplifications1 z 9 ! go+ back ( ! ,c5turion to 8 h\se4 ,i suspect t ! ,greek3 ti me ertas p]i t\ aga?\1 ',:y d y ask me ab\t t :i* is good8' is to be ref]r$ to "s ( ^! tamp]]s ) ! ,div9e ,^w4 #c4 ,^! pr(essors ( ',gno/icism' held no consi/5t !ory4 ,! two lead+ problems on :i* !y ex]cis$ _! p]v]se +5uity are f\nd to h be5 7#a7 ! orig9 ( ,matt]1 & 7#b7 ! orig9 ( ,evil4 7#a7 ,!y taught t ! _w's artific] 7'! ,^w'7 0 ,himself a creature ( '! ,fa!r#dei4' ,enc\nt]$ on ! ?re%old ( ! ,gospel by ! pla9 decl>ation t1 ',9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w3 & ! ,^w 0 ) ,god3 & ! ,^w 0 ,god'3 & pres5tly1 ',all ?+s 7 made by ,him'2--!y 7 mu* ex]cis$4 ,! exp$i5ts to :i* !y _h rec\rse 7 c]ta9ly extraord9>y4 ,t ',beg9n+' 7said ,val5t9us7 0 ! fir/ ?+ :i* '! ,fa!r' creat$3 :i* ,he call$ ',only begott5 ,son1' & also ',god'3 & 9 :om he implant$ ! g]m ( all ?+s4 ,sem9ally1 t is1 :atsoev] subsequ5tly came into be+ 0 9 ,him4 ',! ,^w' 7he said7 0 a product ( ?is fir/-creat$ ?+4 ,& ',all ?+s 7 made by ,him1' because 9 '! ,^w' 0 ! entire ess5ce ( all ! subsequ5t worlds 7,aeons71 to :i* he assign$ =ms#dfj4 ,f :i* x is pla9 t1 accord+ to ,val5t9us1 '! ,^w' 0 di/9ct f '! ,son'2 :o 0 n ! _w's ,creator4 ,bo? alike1 h[ev]1 he ackn[l$g$ to be ',god#dfa'3 b only1 z we h se5 already1 us+ ! t]m 9 an inf]ior s5se4 ,h]acleon1 comm5t+ on ,/4 ,john i4 #c1 insi/s t 'all ?+s' c b signify ?is p]i%able _w & ! ?+s t are !re93 n ess5ces ( a l(ti] nature4 ,accord+ly1 aft] ! words '& )\t ,him 0 n any?+ made1' he v5tures to int]polate ?is clause1--'( ! ?+s t are 9 ! _w & 9 ! creation#dfb4' ,true1 t ! ,evangeli/ _h decl>$ ) unmi/akable emphasis1 '& )\t ,him 0 n any?+' 7lit]ally1 '0 n ev5 "o ?+'7 'made t 0 made4' ,b in/ead ( 'n ev5 "o ?+1' ! ,val5t9ian ,gno/ics appe> to h writt5 'no?+#dfc'2 & ! conclud+ clause 't 0 made1' because he f\nd x simply unmanageable1 ,val5t9us boldly sev]$ f its context1 mak+ x ! beg9n+ ( a fre% s5t5ce4 ,) ! ,gno/ics1 v]4 #d is f\nd to h begun ?us1--',:at 0 made 9 ,him 0 life4' ,( ! *ange ( ,greek3 oude h5 into ,greek3 oud5#dfd traces survive 9 _m ( ! ,fa!rs#dfe3 b ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,d are ! only ,uncial ,,mss4 :i* are kn[n to reta9 t corrupt read+4--,! unc\? s5t5ce :i* foll[s 7,greek3 ho gegon5 en aut z n71 s+ul> to relate1 0 g5]ally tol]at$1 became e/abli%$ 9 _m qu>t]s1 & meets u /ill at e /ep4 ,x 0 evid5tly put =w>d s p]sev]+ly by ! ,gno/ics1 ) :om x 0 a k9d ( article ( ! fai?1 t ! or?odox at la/ became too famili> ) x4 ,epiphanius1 ?\gh he condemns x1 once employs x#dff4 ,occurr+ fir/ 9 a fragm5t ( ,val5t9us#dfg3 next1 9 ! ,comm5t>y ( ,h]acleon#dfh3 aft] t1 9 ! pages ( ,!odotus ! ,gno/ic 7,a4,d4 #aib7dfi3 !n1 9 an exposure by ,hippolytus ( ! t5ets ( ! ,nas5i#dgj1 7a subsection ( ! same s*ool72--! bas5ess ( its orig9 at lea/ is und5iable4 ,b inasmu* z ! words may be made to be> a loyal int]pretation1 ! h]etical con/ruction ( ,/4 ,john i4 #c 0 endur$ by ! ,*ur* = full #bjj ye>s4 ,clem5s ,alex1 is obs]v$ ?rice to adopt x#dga3 ,orig5#dgb & ,eusebius#dgc fall into x repeat$ly4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,cd3 app>5tly 9 ,cod4 ,a1 :]e x fills "o l9e exactly4 ,cyril comm5ts l>gely on x#dgd4 ,b z fre% h]esies arose :i* ! deprav$ text seem$ to fav\r1 ! ,*ur* be/irr$ h]self & remon/rat$4 ,x suit$ ! ,arians & ! ,mac$onians#dge1 :o insi/$ t ! ,holy ,gho/ is a creature4 ,! =m] 7 refut$ by ,epiphanius1 :o po9ts out t ! s5se is n complete until y h read ! words ,greek3 ho gegon54 ,a fre% s5t5ce 7he says7 beg9s at ,greek3 ,en aut z n#dgf4 ,*ryso/om deals ) ! latt]4 ',let u bew>e ( putt+ ! full /op' 7he says7 'at ! words ,greek3 oude h51--z d ! h]etics4 ,9 ord] to make out t ! ,_s is a creature1 !y read ,greek3 ho gegon5 en aut z n3 by :i* means ! ,evangeli/'s mean+ becomes un9telligible#dgg4' ,b 9 ! meantime1 ,val5t9us1 ^: example 0 foll[$ by ,!odotus & by at lea/ two ( ! ,gno/ic sects aga9/ :om ,hippolytus wrote1 _h gone fur!r4 ,! bett] to conceal ,/4 ,john's purpose1 ! h]esi>* falsifi$ ! inspir$ text4 ,9 ! place (1 ',:at 0 made 9 ,him1 0 life1' he sub/itut$ ',:at 0 made 9 ,him1 is life4' ,orig5 _h se5 copies s deprav$1 & judg$ ! read+ n altoge!r improbable4 ,clem5t1 on a s+le occasion1 ev5 adopt$ x4 ,x 0 ! approv$ read+ ( ! ,old ,lat9 v]sions1--a memorable indication1 by ! way1 ( a qu>t] f :i* ! ,old ,lat9 d]iv$ _! texts1--:i* expla9s :y x is f\nd 9 ,cyprian1 ,hil>y1 & ,augu/9e2 & :y ,ambrose has s elaborately v9dicat$ its suffici5cy4 ,x also appe>s 9 ! ,sahidic & 9 ,cureton's ,syriac2 b n 9 ! ,pe%itto1 nor 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,nor 9 ! ,bohairic ,9 ! meantime1 ! only ,greek ,codexes :i* reta9 ?is s+ul> trace ( ! ,gno/ic p]iod at ! pres5t day1 are ,codexes ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,d4 #d4 ,we may n[ take "s m in/ances to %ew ! effects ( ! op]ations ( ,h]etics4 ,! good ,%eph]d 9 a c]ta9 place 7,/4 ,john x4 #ad1 #ae7 says conc]n+ ,himself--',i "k ,my %eep & am kn[n ( ,m9e1 ev5 z ! ,fa!r kn[e? ,me & ,i "k ! ,fa!r'3 by :i* words ,he h9ts at a my/]i\s k z subsi/+ betwe5 ,himself & ^? t are ,84 ,& yet x is wor? obs]v+ t :]eas ,he describes ! k :i* subsi/s betwe5 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son 9 language :i* implies t x is /rictly id5tical on ei!r side1 ,he is c>eful to di/+ui% betwe5 ! k :i* subsi/s betwe5 ! creature & ! ,creator by slightly v>y+ ! expression1--?us leav+ x to be inf]r$ t x is n1 nei!r inde$ c be1 on ei!r side ! same4 ,god kn[e? u ) a p]fect k4 ,our s-call$ 'k' ( ,god is a ?+ diff]5t n only 9 degree1 b 9 k9d#dgh4 ,h5ce ! peculi> =m :i* ! s5t5ce assumes#dgi3--;,greek3 g9sk ta ema1 kai g9skomai hypo tn emn4 ,& ?is delicate div]sity ( phrase has be5 fai?fully reta9$ all d[n ! ages1 be+ witness$ to at ?is h\r by e ,,ms4 9 exi/5ce except f\r n[ well kn[n to u3 viz4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl4 ,! ,syriac also reta9s x1--z does ,mac>ius#dhj1 ,gregory ,naz4#dha1 ,*ryso/om#dhb1 ,cyril#dhc1 ,!odoret#dhd1 ,maximus#dhe4 ,x is a po9t :i* really admits ( no rational d\bt3 = does any "o suppose t if ,/4 ,john _h writt5 ',m9e own "k ,me1' #iif ,,mss4 out ( #ajjj at ! end ( #a1hjj ye>s w\ld exhibit1 ',i am kn[n ( ,m9e'8 ,b 9 fact x is discov]$ t ^! words ( our ,"l exp]i5c$ depravation at ! h&s ( ! ,mani*aean h]etics4 ,besides inv]t+ ! clauses1 7& s mak+ x appe> t su* k beg9s on ! side ( ,man47 ,manes 7,a4,d4 #bfa7 oblit]at$ ! peculi>ity above indicat$4 ,quot+ f 8 own fabricat$ ,gospel1 he acqua9ts u ) ! =m 9 :i* ^! words 7 exhibit$ 9 t mis*iev\s production3 viz4 ,greek3 g9skei me ta ema1 kai g9sk ta ema4 ,?is we le>n f ,epiphanius & f ,basil#dhf4 ,cyril1 9 a pap] :]e he makes cle> ref]5ce to ! same h]etical ,gospel1 insi/s t ! ord] ( k mu/ ne$s be ! rev]se ( :at ! h]etics pret5d$#dhg4--;,b !n1 x is f\nd t c]ta9 ( ! or?odox cont5t$ !mselves ) m]ely rev]s+ ! clauses1 & s re/or+ ! true ord] ( ! spiritual process discuss$--reg>dless ( ! exquisite ref9em5t ( expression to :i* att5tion 0 call$ at ! outset4 ,copies mu/ once h ab\nd$ :i* repres5t$ our ,"l z say+1 ',i "k ,my own & ,my own "k ,me1 ev5 z ! ,fa!r kn[e? ,me & ,i "k ! ,fa!r'2 = x is ! ord] ( ! ,old ,lat91 ,bohairic1 ,sahidic1 ,e?iopic1 ,lewis1 ,georgian1 ,slavonic1 & ,go?ic1 ?\gh n ( ! ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian1 & ,arm5ian2 & ,eusebius#dhh1 ,nonnus1 & ev5 ,basil#dhi s read ! place4 ,b no tok5 ( ?is cle>ly corrupt read+ survives 9 any kn[n copy ( ! ,gospels1--except ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl4 ,w x be believ$ t nev]!less all ! rec5t ,editors ( ,scripture s9ce ,la*mann insi/ on oblit]at+ ?is ref9em5t ( language1 & go+ back to ! read+ :i* ! ,*ur* has long s9ce delib]ately reject$1--to ! manife/ injury ( ! deposit8 ',_m words ab\t a trifle1'--"s w be f\nd to say4 ,yes1 to d5y ,god's tru? is a v facile proce$+4 ,its rehabilitation always requires _m words4 ,i reque/ only t ! aff9ity betwe5 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl & ! ,lat9 copies :i* univ]sally exhibit ?is disfigurem5t#dij1 may be c>efully not$4 ,/range to say1 ! true read+ receives no notice f ,we/cott & ,hort1 or ! ,revis]s#dia4 #e4 ,doctr9al4 ,! "q ( ,matrimony 0 "o ( ^? on :i* ! e>ly h]etics freely dogmatiz$4 ,saturn9us#dib 7,a4,d4 #abj7 & 8 foll[]s taught t m>riage 0 a production ( ,hell4 ,we are n surpris$ aft] ?is to f9d t ^? places 9 ! ,gospel :i* be> on ! relation betwe5 man & wife exhibit traces ( p]turbation4 ,i am n ass]t+ t ! h]etics !mselves deprav$ ! text4 ,i d b /ate two pla9 facts3 viz4 7#a7 ,t :]eas 9 ! second c5tury c]ta9 h]etical t5ets on ! subject ( ,m>riage prevail$ l>gely1 & ^? :o advocat$ z well z ^? :o oppos$ su* tea*+ reli$ *iefly on ! ,gospel = _! pro(s3 7#b7 ,x is accord+ly f\nd t n only does ! ph5om5on ( 'v>i\s read+s' prevail 9 ^? places ( ! ,gospel :i* be> mo/ ne>ly on ! disput$ po9ts1 b ! 'read+s' are exactly ( t suspici\s k9d :i* w\ld naturally result f a tamp]+ ) ! text by m5 :o _h to ma9ta91 or else to combat1 op9ions ( a c]ta9 class4 ,i proce$ to e/abli% :at ,i h be5 say+ by "s actual examples#dic4 ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #bi4 ,greek3 gynaika1 --,,bd abc ,orig4 ,/4 ,m>k x4 #bi4 ,greek3 gynaika1 --,symbol3 ,aleph,,bd,symbol3 ,delta1 abc1 c4 ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #bi4 ,greek3 gynaika1 all all[ x4 ,greek3 hotan de leg2 hoti pas ho/is aphke gynaika1 ou t\to phs91 h/e apls diaspa/hai t\s gam\s1 k4t4l4 ,*rys4 vii4 #fcf ,e4 ,greek3 ,p>adeigmatisai 79 ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #ai7 is ano!r ( ! expressions :i* h be5 di/urb$ by ! same controv]sy4 ,i suspect t ,orig5 is ! au?or 7see ! head+ ( ! ,s*olion 9 ,cram]'s ,cat5ae7 ( a c]ta9 uncritical note :i* ,eusebius reproduces 9 8 'quae/iones ad ,/ephanum#did' on ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,greek3 deigmatisai & ,greek3 p>adeigmatisai2 & t ) him orig9at$ ! sub/itution ( ! uncomp\nd$ = ! comp\nd$ v]b 9 ?is place4 ,be t z x may1 ,eusebius c]ta9ly read ,greek3 p>adeigmatisai 7,dem4 #cbj71 ) all ! uncials b two 7,,bz73 all ! cursives b "o 7,i74 ,w x be believ$ t ,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,al=d1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 on su* sl5d] evid5ce z t are prep>$ to recon/ruct ! text ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel8 ,x s\nds s l trifl+ ) a read]'s pati5ce to invite 8 att5tion to an elaborate discussion ( mo/ ( ! *anges introduc$ into ! text by ,tis*5dorf & 8 colleagues1 t ,i kn[+ly pass ov] _m hundr$s ( in/ances :]e ,i am nev]!less p]fectly well aw>e ( my own /r5g?1--my oppon5t's weakness4 ,su* discussions 9 fact become unbe>able :5 ! po9ts 9 dispute are confess$ly trivial4 ,no "o h[ev] w d5y t :5 ?ree consecutive words ( our ,"l are *all5g$ !y are wor? cont5d+ =4 ,we are invit$ !n to believe 7,/4 ,luke xxii4 #fg-h7 t ,he did n utt] ! bracket$ words 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1--',if ,i tell y1 ye w n believe2 & if ,i ask y1 ye w n answ] 7,me1 nor let ,me g74' ,n[1 ,i invite ! read] to inquire = ! gr\nds ( ?is ass]tion4 ,fifte5 ( ! uncials 7includ+ ,,ad71 & e kn[n cursive1 besides all ! ,lat9 & all ! ,syriac copies recognize ! bracket$ words4 ,!y are only miss+ 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,blt & _! ally ! ,bohairic4 ,are we nev]!less to be assur$ t ! words are to be reg>d$ z spuri\s8 ,let ! read] !n be in=m$ t ,m>cion left out sev5 words m 7viz4 all f1 ',& if ,i ask y' to ! end71 & w he d\bt ei!r t ! words are g5u9e or t _! disappe>ance f f\r copies ( bad "*1 z prov$ by _! con/ant evid5ce1 & f "o v]sion is suffici5tly expla9$8 ,,footnotes3 #dda ,greek3 pseudnym\ gnses #a ,tim4 vi4 #bj4 #ddb #a ,tim4 iv4 #a-c4 #ddc ii4 #ag4 #ddd ,acts xx4 #bi4 #dde ,rev4 ii4 #f4 #ddf ,rev4 ii4 #ae4 #ddg ,rev4 ii4 #ac4 #ddh ,*iefly ! ,l[ ,lat9 among/ !m4 ,tradit4 ,text4 *ap4 vii4 p4 #acg4 #ddi ',ausus fuit et ,basilides scrib]e ,evangelium1 et suo illud nom9e titul>e4'--,orig4 ,opp4 iii4 #icc c3 ,ir54 i4 #bc3 ,clem4 ,al4 #dji1 #dbf1 #ejf1 #eji1 #edj1 #ede3 ,t]tull4 c4 #df3 ,epiph4 #bd3 ,!odor4 i4 #d4 #dej ',evangelium habet etiam suum1 praet] haec no/ra' 7,de ,praescript41 ad calcem74 #dea ,orig5 7comm5t+ on ,/4 ,luke x4 #be-bh7 says1--,greek3 tauta de eirtai prs tois apo ,oual5t9\1 kai ,basilid\1 kai t\s apo ,m>kinos4 e*\si g> kai autoi tas lexeis en ti ka?' heaut\s euangelii4 ,opp4 iii4 #iha ,a4 #deb ',licet non s9t digni fide1 qui fidem primam irritam fec]unt1 ,m>cionem loquor et ,basilidem et omnes ,ha]eticos qui vetus laniant ,te/am5tum3 tam5 eos aliqua ex p>te f]remus1 si saltem 9 novo cont9]5t manus suas2 et non aud]5t ,*ri/i 7ut ipsi iactitant7 boni ,dei ,filii1 vel ,evangeli/as viol>e1 vel ,apo/olos4 ,nunc v]o1 quum et ,evangelia eius dissipav]9t2 et ,apo/olorum epi/olas1 non ,apo/olorum ,*ri/i fec]unt esse1 s$ proprias2 miror quomodo sibi ,*ri/ianorum nom5 audeant v9dic>e4 ,ut enim de caet]is ,epi/olis taceam1 7de quibus quidquid contr>ium suo dogmati vid]ant1 evas]unt1 nonnullas integras repudi&as cr$id]unt72 ad ,timo!um videlicet utramque1 ad ,hebraeos1 et ad ,titum1 quam nunc conamur expon]e4' ,hi]on4 ,praef4 ad ,titum4 #dec ',hi v]o1 qui sunt a ,val5t9o1 exsi/5tes extra omnem timorem1 suas conscriptiones praef]5tes1 plura hab]e gloriantur1 quam s9t ipsa ,evangelia4 ,siquidem 9 tantum process]unt audaciae1 uti quod ab 8 non olim conscriptum e/1 ,v]itatis ,evangelium titul5t4' ,ir54 iii4 xi4 #i4 #ded ,see1 by all means1 ,epiphanius1 ,ha]4 xxx4 c4 xiii2 also c4 iii4 #dee ',tanta e/ circa ,evangelia haec firmitas1 ut et ipsi ha]etici te/imonium r$dant eis1 et ex ipsis egr$i5s unusquisque eorum conetur suam confirm>e doctr9am4 ,ebionaei et5im eo ,evangelio quod e/ secundum ,mat?aeum1 solo ut5tes1 ex illo ipso conv9cuntur1 non recte praesum5tes de ,dom9o4 ,m>cion autem id quod e/ secundum ,lucam circumcid5s1 ex 8 quae adhuc s]vantur p5es eum1 blasphemus 9 solum exi/5tem ,deum o/5ditur4 ,qui autem ,iesum sep>ant a ,*ri/o1 et impassibilem p]sev]asse ,*ri/um1 passum v]o ,iesum dicunt1 id quod secundum ,m>cum e/ praef]5tes ,evangelium2 cum amore v]itatis leg5tes illud1 corrigi possunt4 ,hi autem qui a ,val5t9o sunt1 eo quod e/ secundum ,joannem pl5issime ut5tes1' c4 ,ir54 iii4 xi4 #g4 #def ,greek3 ,hraklen1 ho ts ,oual5t9\ s*ols dokimtatos4 ,clem4 ,al4 p4 #eie4 ,( ,h]acleon x is expressly relat$ by ,orig5 t he deprav$ ! text ( ! ,gospel4 ,orig5 says 7iv4 #ff7 t ,h]acleon 7reg>dless ( ! w>n+ 9 ,prov4 xxx4 #f7 add$ to ! text ( ,/4 ,john i4 #c 7vii4 aft] ! words ,greek3 eg5eto oude en7 ! words ,greek3 tn en t kosmi1 kai t ktisei4 ,h]acleon cle>ly read ,greek3 ho gegon5 en aut z n4 ,see ,orig4 iv4 #fd4 ,9 ,/4 ,john ii4 #ai1 = ,greek3 en trisi1 he wrote ,greek3 en trit4 ,he also read 7,/4 ,john iv4 #ah7 7= ,greek3 p5te71 ,greek3 ex &ras es*es4 #deg ,celsus hav+ object$ t believ]s _h aga9 & aga9 falsifi$ ! text ( ! ,gospel1 refa%ion+ x1 9 ord] to meet ! objections ( assailants1 ,orig5 replies3 ,greek3 ,meta*>axantas de to euangelion all\s ouk oida1 h t\s apo ,m>kinos1 kai t\s apo ,oual5t9\1 oimai de kai t\s apo ,l\kan\4 t\to de legom5on ou t\ log\ e/9 egklma1 alla tn tolmsantn rhadi\rgsai ta euangelia4 ,opp4 i4 #daa ,b4 #deh ,de ,praesc4 ,ha]4 c4 #ea4 #dei ,greek3 ,outos de dmi\rgos kai poits t\de t\ pantos kosm\ kai tn en aut 444 e/ai m5 katadee/]os t\ telei\ ,!\ 444 ate d kai g5ntos n1 kai ouk ag5ntos4 ,ptolemaeus1 ap4 ,epiph4 p4 #bag4 ,h]acleon saw 9 ! nobleman ( ,cap]naum an image ( ! ,demiurge :o1 ,greek3 basilikos noma/h hoionei mikros tis basileus1 hypo ka?olik\ basiles tetagm5os epi mikras basileias1 p4 #cgc4 #dfj ,greek3 ,o ,ianns 444 b\lom5os eipe9 tn tn holn g5es91 ka?' n ta panta proebal5 ho ,patr1 ar*n t9a hypoti!tai1 to prton g5n!n hypo t\ !\1 hon d kai huion ,monog5 kai ,!on keklk51 en h ta panta ho ,patr proebale sp]matiks4 ,hypo de t\t\ phsi ton ,logon probebl/hai1 kai en aut tn holn tn ,ainn ousian1 n autos hy/]on emorphs5 ho ,logos4444 ,panta di' aut\ eg5eto1 kai *ris aut\ eg5eto oude h52 pasi g> tois met' auton ,aisi morphs kai g5eses aitios ho ,logos eg5eto4 #dfa ,greek3 ,en t ,patri kai ek t\ ,patros h ar*1 kai ek ts ar*s ho ,logos4 ,kals oun eip52 en ar* n ho ,logos2 n g> en t ,hui4 ,kai ho ,logos n pros ton ,!on2 kai g> h ',ar*2 kai ,!os n ho ,logos1 akol\?s4 ,to g> ek ,!\ g5n!n ,!os e/94--,ibid4 p4 #ajb4 ,comp>e ! ,exc]pt4 ,!od4 ap4 ,clem4 ,al4 c4 vi4 p4 #ifh4 #dfb ,ap4 ,orig4 #ich4 #i4 #dfc ,s ,!odotus 7p4 #ihj71 & s ,ptolemaeus 7ap4 ,epiph4 i4 #bag71 & s ,h]acleon 7ap4 ,orig4 p4 #ied74 ,also ,meletius ! ,semi-,arian 7ap4 ,epiph4 i4 #hhb74 #dfd ,see ,! ,traditional ,text1 p4 #aac4 #dfe ,clem4 ,al4 always has ,greek3 oude h5 7viz4 pp4 #acd1 #aef1 #bgc1 #gfi1 #ghg1 #hjc1 #hab1 #hae1 #hbj73 b :5 he quotes ! ,gno/ics 7p4 #hch7 he has ,greek3 oud54 ,cyril1 :ile writ+ 8 treatise ,de ,tr9itate1 read ,greek3 oud5 9 8 copy4 ,eusebius1 = example1 has ,greek3 oude h51 fifte5 times2 ,greek3 oud5 only twice1 viz4 ,praep4 #cbb3 ,esai4 #ebi4 #dff ,opp4 ii4 #gd4 #dfg ,ap4 ,ir54 #ajb4 #dfh ,ibid4 #idj4 #dfi ,ap4 ,clem4 ,al4 #ifh1 #igc4 #dgj ,philosoph4 #ajg4 ,b n :5 he is refut+ ! t5ets ( ! ,p]atae3 ,greek3 oude h51 ho gegon54 en aut z e/94 en aut de1 phs91 h ,eua gegon51 h ,eua z4 ,ibid4 p4 #acd4 #dga ,opp4 #aad1 #bah1 #ajji4 #dgb ,cels4 vi4 #e3 ,pr9cip4 ,,ii4 ix4 #d3 ,,iv4 i4 #cj3 ,9 ,joh4 i4 #bb1 #cd3 ii4 #f1 #aj1 #ab1 #ac bis3 ,9 ,rom4 iii4 #aj1 #ae3 ,ha]4 v4 #aea4 #dgc ,psalm4 #adf1 #bce1 #bde3 ,m>cell4 #bcg4 ,n s 9 ,ecl4 #ajj3 ,praep4 #cbb1 #edj4 #dgd ,greek3 ,anagkais phs91 ho gegon51 eni aut z n4 ou monon phsi1 di aut\ ta panta eg5eto1 alla kai ei ti gegon5 n en aut h z4 t\t' e/91 ho monog5s t\ ,!o logos1 h pantn ar*1 kai sy/asis horatn te kai aoratn 444 autos g> hyp>*n h kata phys9 z1 to e9ai kai zn kai k9ei/hai polytrops tois ousi *>isetai4 ,opp4 iv4 #di e4 ,he und]/ood ! ,evangeli/ to decl>e conc]n+ ! ,greek3 ,logos1 t1 ,greek3 panta di' aut\ eg5eto1 kai n en tois g5om5ois hs z4 ,ibid4 #fj c4 #dge ,greek3 ,outoi de b\lontai auto e9ai ktisma ktismatos4 phasi g>1 hoti panto di' aut\ gegone1 kai *ris aut\ eg5eto oude h54 ara1 phasi1 kai to ,pneuma ek tn poimatn hyp>*ei1 epeid panta di' aut\ gegone4 ,opp4 i4 #gda4 ,:i* is ! tea*+ ( ,eusebius1 ,m>cell4 #ccc-d4 ,! ,mac$onians 7 an (f%oot ( ! ,arians4 #dgf i4 #ggh ,d1 #ggi ,b4 ,see also ii4 #hj4 #dgg ,opp4 viii4 #dj4 #dgh ,consid] #a ,john ii4 #c1 #d3 & read ,basil ii4 #ahh b1 c4 ,see p4 #bjg1 note #d4 ,consid] also ,gal4 iv4 #i4 ,s ,cyril ,al4 iv4 #fee a1 ,greek3 kai proegn mallon h egn/h p>' hmn4 #dgi ,*ryso/om alone seems to h notic$ ?is3--,greek3 h9a m ts gnses ison ton metron nomisis1 ak\son ps dior?\tai auto ti epaggi2 g9sk ta ema1 phsi1 kai g9skomai hypo tn emn4 all' ouk is h gnsis1 k4t4l4 viii4 #cec d4 #dhj ,p4 #ch4 7,gall4 vii4 #bf47 #dha i4 #bih1 #fac4 #dhb viii4 #cea1 #cec d & e4 #dhc iv4 #feb c1 #fec a1 #fed d4 #dhd i4 #gdh3 iv4 #cgd1 #eej4 #dhe ,9 ,dionys4 ,ar4 ii4 #aib4 #dhf ,greek3 ,phsi de ho autos ,mans 444 ta ema probata g9skei me1 kai g9sk ta ema probata4 7,epiphan4 i4 #fig47--;,aga91--,greek3 hrpas5 ho hairetikos pros tn idian kataskeun ts blasphmias4 id\1 phs91 eirtai2 hoti g9as\si 7l[] d[n1 ,greek3 g9skei7 ,greek3 me ta ema1 kai g9sk ta ema4 7,basil ii4 #ahh a1 b47 #dhg ,greek3 ,en taxei t oikeia kai prepde/at tn pragmatn eka/a ti!is4 ou g> eph1 g9skei me ta ema1 kai g9sk ta ema1 all' heauton egnkata prot]on eisph]ei ta idia probata1 ei?' outs gn/hse/hai phsi p> autn 444 ou* hmeis auton epegnkam5 prtoi1 epegn de hmas prton autos 444 ou* hmeis rxame?a t\ pragmatos1 all' ho ek ,!\ ,!os monog5s4--iv4 #fed d1 #fee a4 7,note1 t ?is passage appe>s 9 a mutilat$ =m1 viz4 #aba words are omitt$1 9 ! ,cat5a ( ,cord]ius1 p4 #bfg1--:]e x is wrongly assign$ to ,*ryso/om3 an in/ructive in/ance47 #dhh ,9 ,ps4 #dhi3 9 ,es4 #eji3 ,!oph4 #ahe1 #beh1 #bfj4 #dhi ii4 #ahh a3--:i* is ! m rem>kable1 because ,basil proce$s exquisitely to %ew 7#ahhf7 t man's 'k' ( ,god consi/s 9 8 keep+ ( ,god's ,comm&m5ts4 7#a ,john ii4 #c1 #d47 ,see p4 #bjf1 note #a4 #dij ,s ,j]ome1 iv4 #dhd3 vii4 #dee4 ,/range1 t nei!r ,ambrose nor ,augu/9e %\ld quote ! place4 #dia ,see ,revision ,revis$1 p4 #bbj4 #dib ,or ,saturnilus--,greek3 to de game9 kai g5nan apo t\ ,satana phs9 e9ai4 p4 #bde1 l4 #ch4 ,s ,m>cion1 #bec4 #dic ,! ,,ms4 breaks (f "h1 ) ref]5ces to ,/4 ,m>k x4 #g1 ,eph4 v4 #ca-b 7on :i* ! ,dean _h accumulat$ a l>ge array ( ref]5ces71 ,/4 ,m>k x4 #bi-cj1 ) a few ref]5ces1 b no m4 ,i h n _h yet "t or /r5g? to "w out ! subject4 #did ,mai1 iv4 #bba4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,causes ,,( ,,corruption ,,*iefly ,,int5tional4 ,x4 ,corruption by ! ,or?odox4 #a4 ,ano!r cause :y1 9 v e>ly times1 ! ,text ( ! ,gospels und]w5t s]i\s depravation1 0 mi/ak5 solicitude on ! "p ( ! anci5t or?odox = ! purity ( ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,^! p]sons1 l c]ta9 ( ! mod]ns1 ,beza = example1 evid5tly did n ?9k x at all wrong to tamp] ) ! inspir$ ,text4 ,if any expression seem$ to !m to h a dang]\s t5d5cy1 !y alt]$ x1 or transplant$ x1 or remov$ x bodily f ! sacr$ page4 ,ab\t ! uncritical nature ( :at !y did1 !y ent]ta9$ no suspicion3 ab\t ! immorality ( ! proce$+1 !y evid5tly did n tr\ble !mselves at all4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! piety ( ! motive seems to h be5 held to con/itute a suffici5t excuse = any am\nt ( lic5ce4 ,! copies :i* _h und]gone ?is process ( ca/igation 7 ev5 /yl$ 'correct$1'--& d\btless 7 popul>ly look$ ^u z '! correct copies' l our 'critical texts'4 ,an illu/ration ( ?is is af=d$ by a circum/ance m5tion$ by ,epiphanius4 ,he /ates 7ii4 #cf7 t ! or?odox1 out ( jeal\sy = ! ,"l's ,div9ity1 elim9at$ f ,/4 ,luke xix4 #da ! record t our ,savi\r 'wept4' ,we w n pause to inquire :at ?is /atem5t may be wor?4 ,b :5 ! same ,fa!r adds1--',9 ! uncorrect$ copies 7,greek3 en tois adior?tois antigraphois7 is f\nd ,he wept1' ,epiphanius is in/ructive4 ,p]fectly well aw>e t ! expression is g5u9e1 he goes on to /ate t ',ir5aeus quot$ x 9 8 "w aga9/ ,h]esies1 :5 he _h to confute ! error ( ! ,docetae#die4' ',nev]!less1' ,epiphanius adds1 '! or?odox ?r\gh fe> eras$ ! record4' ,s !n1 ! process ( 'correction' 0 a critical process conduct$ on utt]ly errone\s pr9ciples by m5 :o knew no?+ :atev] ab\t ,textual ,criticism4 ,su* rec5sions ( ! ,text prov$ simply fatal to ! ,deposit4 ,to 'correct' 0 9 ?is & su* l cases simply to 'corrupt4' ,codexes ,b,symbol3 ,aleph,d may be reg>d$ z specim5s ( ,codexes :i* h once & aga9 pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( su* a corrector or ,greek3 dior?ts4 ,/4 ,luke 7ii4 #dj7 records conc]n+ ! infant ,savi\r t '! *ild grew1 & wax$ /rong 9 _s4' ,by repeat+ ! selfsame expression :i* already1--viz4 9 *ap4 i4 #hj1--;_h be5 appli$ to ! ,*ildhood ( ! ,=]unn]#dif1 x 0 cle>ly ! design ( ! ,au?or ( ,scripture to tea* t ! ,^w 'made fle%' submitt$ to ! same laws ( gr[? & increase z e o!r ,son ( ,adam4 ,! body 'grew1'--! spiritual "p 'wax$ /rong4' ,?is /atem5t 0 nev]!less laid hold ( by ! enemies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,h[ c x be pret5d$ 7!y ask$7 t ,he 0 'p]fect ,god' 7,greek3 teleios ,!os71 ( :om x is relat$ 9 respect ( ,8 _s t he 'wax$ /rong#dig'8 ,! consequ5ce might h be5 =ese54 ,c]ta9 ( ! or?odox 7 ill-advis$ en\gh to erase ! ^w ,greek3 pneumati f ! copies ( ,/4 ,luke ii4 #dj2 & lo1 at ! end ( #a1ejj ye>s1 f\r 'correct$' copies1 two ,v]sions1 "o ,greek ,fa!r1 survive to be> witness to ! anci5t fraud4 ,no ne$ to inquire :i*1 :at1 & :o ^! be4 ,b because x is ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bdl1 ,orig5#dih1 & ! ,lat91 ! ,egyptian & ,lewis :i* are )\t ! ^w ,greek3 pneumati1 ,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 ,tis*5dorf1 & ! ,revis]s jump to ! conclusion t ,greek3 pneumati is a spuri\s accretion to ! ,text4 ,!y ought to rev]se _! proce$+2 & recognize 9 ! evid5ce "o m indication ( ! untru/wor?9ess ( ! witnesses4 ,=1--h[ !n is x suppos$ t ! ^w 7,greek3 pneumati7 ev] obta9$ its foot+ 9 ! ,gospel8 ,= all reply we are assur$ t x has be5 import$ hi!r f ,/4 ,luke i4 #hj4 ,b1 we rejo91 ,h[ does ! exi/5ce ( ! phrase ,greek3 ekratai\to pneumati 9 i4 #hj expla9 its exi/5ce 9 ii4 #dj1 9 e kn[n copy ( ! ,gospels except f\r1 if 9 ^! #iif places1 suppose1 x be an int]polation8 ,?is is :at has to be expla9$4 ,is x cr$ible t all ! rema9+ uncials1 & e kn[n cursive copy1 besides all ! lection>ies1 %\ld h be5 corrupt$ 9 ?is way3 & t ! tru? %\ld survive exclusively at ?is "t only 9 ! rema9+ f\r2 viz4 9 ,b,symbol3 ,aleph1--! six? c5tury ,cod4 ,d1--& ! eigh? c5tury ,cod4 ,l8 ,:5 !n1 & :]e did ! "w ( depravation take place8 ,x mu/ h be5 be=e ! six? c5tury1 because ,leontius ( ,cyprus#dii quotes x ?ree times & discusses ! expression at l5g?3--be=e ! fif?1 because1 besides ,cod4 ,a1 ,cyril#ejj ,!odoret#eja & ps4-,caes>ius#ejb recognize ! ^w3--be=e ! f\r?1 because ,epiphanius#ejc1 ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia#ejd1 & ! ,go?ic v]sion h x3--be=e ! ?ird1 be=e ne>ly all ( ! second c5tury1 because x is f\nd 9 ! ,pe%itto4 ,:at m pla9 ?an t we h be=e u "o o!r in/ance ( ! injudici\s zeal ( ! or?odox8 "o m sample ( ! infelicity ( mod]n criticism8 #b4 ,!odotus & 8 foll[]s fa/5$ on ! fir/ "p ( ,/4 ,john viii4 #dj1 :5 !y pret5d$ to %ew f ,scripture t ,*ri/ is m]e ,man#eje4 ,i am p]suad$ t ! read+ '( ,my ,fa!r#ejf1'--) :i* ,orig5#ejg1 ,epiphanius#ejh1 ,a?anasius#eji1 ,*ryso/om#eaj1 ,cyril ,alex4#eaa1 & ,!odoret#eab prove to h be5 acqua9t$1--0 sub/itut$ by "s ( ! or?odox 9 ?is place1 ) ! pi\s int5tion ( provid+ a rem$y = ! h]etical tea*+ ( _! oppon5ts4 ,at ! pres5t day only six cursive copies are kn[n to reta9 ?is trace ( a corruption ( ,scripture :i* mu/ date f ! second c5tury4 ,we n[ rea* a mo/ rem>kable in/ance4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,/4 ,john 9 8 gr& preface does n rise to ! full height ( 8 sublime argum5t until he rea*es ! eighte5? v]se4 ,he _h said 7v]4 #ad7 t '! ,^w 0 made fle%1' c42 a /atem5t :i* ,val5t9us 0 will+ to admit4 ,b1 z we h se51 ! h]esi>* & 8 foll[]s d5i$ t '! ,^w' is also '! ,son' ( ,god4 ,z if 9 ord] to b> ! door aga9/ ?is pret5ce1 ,/4 ,john ann\nces 7v]4 #ah7 t '! only begott5 ,son1 :i* is 9 ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r1 he ha? decl>$ him'3 ?us e/abli%+ ! id5tity ( ! ,^w & ! ,only begott5 ,son4 ,:at else c\ld ! ,val5t9ians d ) s pla9 a /atem5t1 b seek to deprave x8 ,accord+ly1 ! v fir/ "t ,/4 ,john i4 #ah is quot$ by any ( ! anci5ts1 x is accompani$ by ! /atem5t t ! ,val5t9ians 9 ord] to prove t ! 'only begott5' is '! ,beg9n+1' & is ',god1' appeal to ! words1--'! only begott5 ,god :o is 9 ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r#eac1' c4 ,inasmu*1 said !y1 z ! ,fa!r will$ to become kn[n to ! worlds1 ! ,_s ( ,gnosis produc$ ! 'only begott5' ',gnosis1' & !re=e gave bir? to ',gnosis1' t is to '! ,son'3 9 ord] t by '! ,son' '! ,fa!r' might be made kn[n4 ,:ile !n t 'only begott5 ,son' abode '9 ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r1' ,he caus$ t "h ^u e>? %\ld be se51 allud+ to v]4 #ad1 "o 'z ! only begott5 ,son4' ,9 :i*1 by ! way1 ! read] is reque/$ to note t ! au?or ( ! ,exc]pta ,!odoti 7a production ( ! second c5tury7 reads ,/4 ,john i4 #ah z we d4 ,i h gone into all ^! /range details1--d]iv$1 let x be rememb]$1 f docum5ts :i* c>ry u back to ! =m] half ( ! second c5tury1--because 9 no o!r way is ! s+ul> ph5om5on :i* att5ds ! text ( ,/4 ,john i4 #ah to be expla9$ & acc\nt$ =4 ,suffici5tly pla9 & easy ( transmission z x is1 ?is v]se ( ,scripture is obs]v$ to exhibit p]turbations :i* are ev5 extraord9>y4 ,ir5aeus once writes ,greek3 ho 8 ,greek3 monog5s uios3 once1 ,greek3 ho 8 ,greek3 monog5s uios ,!os3 once1 ,greek3 ho monog5s uios ,!\#ead3 ,clem5s ,alex41 ,greek3 ho monog5s uios ,!os monos#eae2 :i* mu/ be v ne>ly ! read+ ( ! ,codex f :i* ! text ( ! ,v]celli ,copy ( ! ,old ,lat9 0 d]iv$#eaf4 ,eusebius f\r times writes ,greek3 ho monog5s uios#eag3 twice1 ,greek3 monog5s ,!os#eah3 & on "o occasion gives 8 read] ! *oice ( ei!r expression1 expla9+ :y bo? may /&#eai4 ,gregory ,nyss4#ebj & ,basil#eba1 ?\gh !y recognize ! usual read+ ( ! place1 are evid5tly va/ly m famili> ) ! read+ ,greek3 ho monog5s ,!os#ebb3 = ,basil adopts ! expression ?rice#ebc1 & ,gregory ne>ly ?irty-?ree times z (t5#ebd4 ,?is 0 also ! read+ ( ,cyril ,alex4#ebe1 ^: usual phrase h[ev] is ,greek3 ho monog5s t\ ,!\ logos#ebf4 ,didymus has only 8 cp4 context ,greek3 ho monog5s ,!os1--= :i* he once writes ,greek3 ho monog5s ,!os logos#ebg4 ,cyril ( ,j]4 seems to h read ,greek3 ho monog5s monos#ebh4 ,i h reta9$ ?is valuable & sugge/ive passage 9 ! =m 9 :i* ! ,dean left x4 ,x evid5tly has n ! p]fection t att5ds "s ( 8 pap]s1 & w\ld h be5 amplifi$ & improv$ if 8 life _h be5 sp>$4 ,m passages ?an he notic$1 ?\gh limit$ to ! ante-,*ryso/om p]iod1 are ref]r$ to 9 ! companion volume#ebi4 ,! port5t\s numb] ( m5tions by ,gregory ( ,nyssa escap$ me1 ?\gh ,i knew t !re 7 sev]al4 ,su* repetitions ( a phrase c\ld only be admitt$ into my calculation 9 a re/rict$ & repres5tative numb]4 ,inde$1 ,i (t5 quot$ at lea/ on our side less ?an ! real numb] ( su* reit]ations occurr+ 9 "o passage1 because 9 c\rse ( repetition !y came to assume = su* a purpose a p>rot-l value4 ,b ! mo/ important "p ( ! ,dean's pap] is f\nd 9 8 acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! expression4 ,?is inf]5ce is /rongly confirm$ by ! employm5t ( x 9 ! ,arian controv]sy4 ,arius reads ,greek3 ,!os 7ap4 ,epiph4 #gc--,tis*5dorf71 :il/ 8 oppon5ts read ,greek3 ,huios4 ,s ,fau/9us sev5 times 7,i not$ him only ?rice71 & ,victor9us ,af] six 7#aj7 times 9 reply to ! ,arian ,c&idus#ecj4 ,also ,a?anasius & ,hil>y ( ,poicti]s f\r times ea*1 & ,ambrose eight 7add ,epp4 ,i4 xxii4 #e74 ,x is curi\s t ) ?is hi/ory admir]s ( ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph %\ld extol _! read+ ov] ! ,traditional read+ on ! score ( or?odoxy4 ,h]esy _h & /ill reta9s associations :i* _c be ignor$3 9 ?is in/ance "s ( ! or?odox weakly play$ into ! h&s ( h]etics#eca4 ,none may read ,holy ,scripture j z ! idea /rikes !m4 #c4 ,all are famili> ) ! receiv$ text ( #a ,cor4 xv4 #dg3--;,greek3 ho prtos an?rpos ek gs *oikos2 ho deut]os an?rpos ho ,kyrios ex ouran\4 ,t ?is place 0 s read 9 ! fir/ age is c]ta93 = s x /&s 9 ! ,syriac4 ,^! e>ly h]etics h[ev] ( :om ,/4 ,john speaks1 :o d5i$ t ',jesus ,*ri/ _h come 9 ! fle%#ecb' & :o are kn[n to h freely 'tak5 away f ! words' ( ,scripture#ecc1 are f\nd to h made !mselves busy "h4 ,if 7!y argu$7 '! second man' 0 inde$ '! ,"l-f-,heav51' h[ c x be pret5d$ t ,*ri/ took ^u ,himself human fle%#ecd8 ,& to br+ out ?is cont5tion ( !irs m pla9ly1 !y did n hesitate to remove z sup]flu\s ! ^w 'man' 9 ! second clause ( ! s5t5ce4 ,!re result$1--',! fir/ man 0 ( ! e>?1 e>?y3 ,greek3 ho deut]os ,kyrios ex ouran\#ece4' ,x is ?us t ,m>cion#ecf 7,a4,d4 #acj7 & 8 foll[]s#ecg read ! place4 ,b 9 ?is subject-matt] extravagance 9 "o direction is ev] obs]v$ to beget extravagance 9 ano!r4 ,i suspect t x 0 9 ord] to c\nt]act ! ejection by ! h]etics ( ,greek3 an?rpos 9 v]4 #dg1 t1 e>ly 9 ! second c5tury1 ! or?odox reta9+ ,greek3 an?rpos1 judg$ x exp$i5t to leave out ! expression ,greek3 ho ,kyrios1 :i* _h be5 s unfairly press$ aga9/ !m2 & 7 cont5t$ to read1--'! second man 0 f heav54' ,a calamit\s ex*ange1 truly4 ,= fir/1 7,i71 ,! text ?us maim$ af=d$ c\nt5ance to ano!r =m ( misbelief4 ,& next1 7,,ii71 ,x necessitat$ a fur!r *ange 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #dg4 7,i7 ,x furni%$ a pretext to ^? h]etics :o ma9ta9$ t ,*ri/ 0 ',man' be=e ,he came into ! ,_w4 ,?is h]esy came to a head 9 ! p]sons ( ,apol9>ius#ech & ,phot9us2 9 cont5d+ ) :om1 ,greg4 ,naz4#eci & ,epiphanius#edj are obs]v$ to argue ) disadvantage f ! mutilat$ text4 ,t]tullian#eda1 & ,cyprian#edb aft] him1 knew no o!r read+ b 'secundus homo de ,caelo1'--:i* is 9 fact ! way ?is place /&s 9 ! ,old ,lat94 ,& ?us1 f ! second c5tury d[nw>ds1 two read+s 7= ! ,m>cionite text 0 spe$ily =gott57 became curr5t 9 ! ,*ur*3--7#a7 ,! inspir$ language ( ! ,apo/le1 cit$ at ! outset1--:i* is reta9$ by all ! kn[n copies1 except n9e2 & is v\*$ = by ,basil#edc1 ,*ryso/om#edd1 ,!odotus#ede1 ,eu!rius#edf1 ,!odorus ,mops4#edg1 ,damasc5e#edh1 ,petrus ,siculus#edi1 & ,!ophylact#eej3 & 7#b7 ,! correct$ 7i4e4 ! maim$7 text ( ! or?odox2--,greek3 ho deut]os2 an?rpos ex ouran\3 ) :i*1 besides ! two ,gregories#eea1 ,phot9us#eeb & ,apol9>ius ! h]etics 7 acqua9t$2 b :i* at ?is day is only kn[n to survive 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph99,,bcd99,,efg & two cursive copies4 ,orig5#eec1 & 7long aft] him7 ,cyril1 employ$ bo? read+s#eed4 7,,ii7 ,b !n1 7z all mu/ see7 su* a maim$ exhibition ( ! text 0 intol]able4 ,! balance ( ! s5t5ce _h be5 de/roy$4 ,aga9/ ,greek3 ho prtos an?rpos1 ,/4 ,paul _h set ,greek3 ho deut]os an?rpos3 aga9/ ,greek3 ek gs--,greek3 ex ouran\3 aga9/ ,greek3 *oikos--,greek3 ho ,kyrios4 ,remove ,greek3 ho ,kyrios1 & "s sub/itute = x mu/ be inv5t$ z a c\nt]poise to ,greek3 *oikos4 ,tak+ a h9t f :at is f\nd 9 v]4 #dh1 "s "o 7plausibly en\gh17 sugge/$ ,greek3 ep\ranios3 & ?is gloss s effectually recomm5d$ itself to ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom1 t hav+ be5 adopt$ by ,ambrose#eee1 by ,j]ome#eef 7& lat] by ,augu/9e#eeg17 x e/abli%$ itself 9 ! ,vulgate#eeh1 & is f\nd 9 all ! lat] ,lat9 writ]s#eei4 ,?us !n1 a ?ird rival read+ ent]s ! field1--:i* because x has well-nigh disappe>$ f ,greek ,,mss41 no long] f9ds an advocate4 ,our *oice lies !re=e betwe5 ! two =m]3--viz4 7a7 ! receiv$1 :i* is ! only well-atte/$ read+ ( ! place3 & 7b7 ! maim$ text ( ! ,old ,lat91 :i* ,j]ome delib]ately reject$ 7,a4,d4 #chj71 & = :i* he sub/itut$ ano!r ev5 worse atte/$ read+4 7,note1 t ^! two ,we/]n fabrications effectually dispose ( "o ano!r47 ,x %\ld be add$ t ,a?anasius#efj l5ds 8 c\nt5ance to all ! ?ree read+s4 ,b n[1 let me ask1--,w any "o be dispos$1 aft] a c>eful survey ( ! premisses1 to accept ! v]dict ( ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles & ! re/1 :o are = br++ ! ,*ur* back to ! maim$ text ( :i* ,i began by giv+ ! hi/ory & expla9+ ! orig98 ,let x be not$ t ! "o "q is1--%all ,greek3 ho ,kyrios be reta9$ 9 ! second clause1 or n8 ,b !re x /ood )9 ?irty ye>s ( ! dea? ( ,/4 ,john3 & !re x /&s1 at ! end ( eighte5 c5turies 9 e extant copy 7includ+ ,,aklp7 except n9e4 ,x has be5 excell5tly witness$ to all d[n ! ages1--viz4 ,by ,orig51 ,hippolytus1 ,a?anasius1 ,basil1 ,*ryso/om1 ,cyril1 ,!odotus1 ,eu!rius1 ,!odore ,mops41 ,damasc5e & o!rs4 ,on :at pr9ciple w\ld y n[ reject x8444 ,) critics :o assume t a read+ f\nd 9 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcdefg mu/ ne$s be g5u9e1--x is va9 to argue4 ,& yet ! mo/ robu/ fai? ought to be effectually %ak5 by ! discov]y t f\r1 if n five 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,acfg7 ( ^! same ,,mss41 by read+ 'we %all all sleep2 b we %all n all be *ang$1' contradict ,/4 ,paul's solemn ann\ncem5t 9 v]4 #ea3 :ile a six? 7,d7 /&s alone 9 sub/itut+ 'we %all all rise2 b we %all n all be *ang$4'--,9 ?is v v]se1 ,c is = introduc+ ,greek3 ,adam into ! fir/ clause ( ! s5t5ce3 ,,fg1 = subjo9+ ,greek3 ho ouranios4 ,:5 w m5 believe t guides l ^! are to be ent]ta9$ ) habitual di/ru/8 to be li/5$ to ) ! greate/ caution8 to be foll[$1 = _! own sakes1--nev]8 ,i h be5 ! full] on ?is place1 because x af=ds an in/ructive example ( :at has occasionally befall5 ! words ( ,scripture4 ,v seldom inde$ are we able to h&le a text 9 ?is way4 ,only :5 ! h]etics assail$1 did ! or?odox def5d3 :]eby x came to pass t a record 0 pres]v$ ( h[ ! text 0 read by ! anci5t ,fa!r4 ,! att5tive read] w note 7a7 ,t all ! *anges :i* we h be5 consid]+ belong to ! e>lie/ age ( all3--7b7 ,t ! corrupt read+ is reta9$ by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc & _! foll[+3 ! g5u9e text1 9 ! great bulk ( ! copies3--7c7 ,t ! fir/ m5tion ( ! text is f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( an e>ly h]etic3--7d7 ,t ! or?odox introduc$ a *ange 9 ! int]e/s1 z !y fanci$1 ( tru?1 b f utt] misappreh5sion ( ! nature & au?ority ( ! ,^w ( ,god3--& 7e7 t "u ! ,div9e ,provid5ce t *ange 0 s effectually ?r[n out1 t decisive witness is f\nd on ! o!r side4 #d4 ,closely alli$ to ! =ego+1 & con/antly ref]r$ to 9 connexion ) x by ^? ,fa!rs :o und]took to refute ! h]esy ( ,apol9>ius1 is our ,"l's decl>ation to ,nicodemus1--',no man ha? asc5d$ up to heav51 b ,he t came d[n f heav51 ev5 ! ,son ( ,man :i* is 9 heav5' 7,/4 ,john iii4 #ac74 ,*ri/ 'came d[n f heav5' :5 ,he became inc>nate3 & hav+ become inc>nate1 is said to h 'asc5d$ up to ,heav51' & 'to be 9 ,heav51' because '! ,son ( ,man1' :o 0 n 9 heav5 be=e1 by virtue ( ! hypo/atical union 0 !nce=w>d ev]more '9 heav54' ,b ! ,evangeli/'s language 0 v diff]5tly tak5 by ^? h]etics :o sy/ematically 'maim$ & mis9t]pret$ t :i* belonge? to ! human nature ( ,*ri/4' ,apol9>ius1 :o reli$ on ! pres5t place1 is f\nd to h read x )\t ! f9al clause 7,greek3 ho n en t ouran72 & c]ta9 ( ! or?odox 7z ,greg4 ,naz41 ,greg4 ,nyssa1 ,epiphanius1 :ile cont5d+ ) him17 %ew !mselves n unwill+ to argue f ! text s mutilat$4 ,orig5 & ! au?or ( ! ,dialogus once1 ,eusebius twice1 ,cyril n few] ?an n9ete5 times1 also leave (f at ! words 'ev5 ! ,son ( ,man'3 f :i* x is insecurely ga!r$ t ^? ,fa!rs disall[$ ! clause :i* foll[s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?irty-eight ,fa!rs & t5 ,v]sions ma9ta9 ! g5u95ess ( ! words ,greek3 ho n en t ouran#efa4 ,b ! decisive circum/ance is t1--besides ! ,syriac & ! ,lat9 copies :i* all witness to ! exi/5ce ( ! clause1--! :ole body ( ! uncials1 f\r only except$ 7,symbol3 ,aleph,,bltb71 & e kn[n cursive b "o 7#cc7--;are = reta9+ x4 ,no ?\ghtful read] w rise f a discussion l ! =ego+ )\t inf]r+ f ! facts :i* h em]g$ 9 ! c\rse ( x ! exce$+ antiquity ( depravations ( ! inspir$ v]ity4 ,= let me n be suppos$ to h ass]t$ t ! pres5t depravation 0 ! "w ( ,apol9>ius4 ,l ! re/1 x is probably old] by at lea/ #aej ye>s4 ,apol9>ius1 9 ^: p]son ! h]esy :i* be>s 8 "n came to a head1 did b inh]it ! t5ets ( 8 pr$ecessors 9 error2 & ^! _h already 9 v>i\s ways result$ 9 ! corruption ( ! deposit4 #eefb4 ,! matt] 9 h& w be conv5i5tly illu/rat$ by invit+ ! read]'s att5tion to ano!r fam\s place4 ,!re is a s+ul> cons5t among ! ,critics = elim9at+ f ,/4 ,luke ix4 #ed-f1 tw5ty-f\r words :i* embody two memorable say+s ( ! ,son ( ,man4 ,! entire context is z foll[s3--',"l1 wilt ?\ t we comm& fire to come d[n f heav5 & consume !m1 7z ,elias did78 ,b he turn$1 & rebuk$ !m1 7& said1 ,ye "k n :at mann] ( _s ye are (47 7,= ! ,son ( ,man is n come to de/roy m5's lives1 b to save !m47 ,& !y w5t to ano!r village4' ,! ?ree bracket$ clauses conta9 ! tw5ty-f\r words 9 dispute4 ,! fir/ ( ^! clauses 7,greek3 hs kai ,hlias epoise71 :i* claims to be "p ( ! inquiry ( ,/4 ,john & ,/4 ,james1 ,mill reject$ z an obvi\s int]polation4 ',res ipsa clamat4 ,quis enim sanus tam insignia delev]it#efc8' ,griesba* reta9$ x z probably g5u9e4--,! second clause 7,greek3 kai eip51 ,ouk oidate hoi\ pneumatos e/e hymeis7 he obeliz$ z probably n g5u9e3--! ?ird 7,greek3 ho g> huios t\ an?rp\ ouk l! psy*as an?rpn apolesai1 alla ssai7 he reject$ entirely4 ,la*mann also reta9s ! fir/ clause1 b rejects ! o!r two4 ,al=d1 n )\t misgiv+1 does ! same4 ,we/cott & ,hort1 )\t any misgiv+ ab\t ! ?ird clause1 are 'morally c]ta9' t ! fir/ & second clauses are a ,we/]n int]polation4 ,tis*5dorf & ,tregelles are ?or\gh4 ,!y agree1 & ! ,revis]s ( #ahha1 9 reject+ unc]emoni\sly all ! ?ree clauses & exhibit+ ! place curtly1 ?us4--,greek3 ,kyrie1 !leis eipm5 pyr katabnai apo t\ ouran\1 kai analsai aut\s2 /rapheis de epetims5 autois4 kai eporeu?san dsan eis het]an kmn4 ,n[ x may z well be decl>$ at once t ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl,symbol3 ,xi l g#a ,cyrluc#efd1 two ,,mss4 ( ! ,bohairic 7d #c1 d #b71 ! ,lewis1 & two cursives 7#ga1 #aeg7 are lit]ally ! only au?ority1 anci5t or mod]n1 = s exhibit+ ! text 9 all its b>e crud5ess4 ,aga9/ !m are array$ ! :ole body ( ,,mss4 uncial & cursive1 includ+ ,,acd2 e kn[n lection>y2 all ! ,lat91 ! ,syriac 7,cur4 om4 ,clause #a71 & inde$ e o!r kn[n v]sion3 besides sev5 good ,greek ,fa!rs beg9n+ ) ,clem5s ,alex4 7,a4,d4 #aij71 & five ,lat9 ,fa!rs beg9n+ ) ,t]tullian 7,a4,d4 #aij73 ,cyprian's te/imony be+ 9 fact ! voice ( ! ,f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age1 ,a4,d4 #bec4 ,if on a survey ( ?is body ( evid5ce any "o w gravely tell me t ! prepond]ance ( au?ority /ill seems to him to be 9 fav\r ( ! %ort] reason1 ,i c b sugge/ t ! soon] he communicates to ! _w ! gr\nds = 8 op9ion1 ! bett]4 7#a7 ,9 ! meantime x becomes necess>y to consid] ! disput$ clauses sep>ately1 because anci5t au?orities1 rivall+ mod]n critics1 are unable to agree z to :i* !y w reject1 :i* !y w reta94 ,i beg9 ) ! second4 ,:at p]suades s _m critics to omit ! preci\s words ,greek3 kai eip51 ,ouk oidate hoi\ pneumatos e/e hymeis1 is ! discov]y t ^! words are abs5t f _m uncial ,,mss41--,symbol3 ,aleph,,abc & n9e o!rs2 besides1 z might h be5 confid5tly anticipat$ f t fact1 also f a fair proportion ( ! cursive copies4 ,x is impossible to d5y t prima facie su* an am\nt ( evid5ce aga9/ any words ( ,scripture is exce$+ly weighty4 ,pseudo-,basil 7ii4 #bga7 is f\nd to h read ! passage 9 ! same curt way4 ,cyril1 on ! o!r h&1 seems to h read x diff]5tly4 ,& yet1 ! entire aspect ( ! case becomes *ang$ ! in/ant x is p]ceiv$ t ?is disput$ clause is recogniz$ by ,clem5s#efe 7,a4,d4 #aij72 z well z by ! ,old ,lat91 by ! ,pe%itto1 & by ! ,curetonian ,syriac3 = ! fact is ?us e/abli%$ t z well 9 ,ea/]n z 9 ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom ! words "u discussion 7 actually recogniz$ z g5u9e full a hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ! olde/ ( ! extant uncials came into exi/5ce4 ,:5 x is fur!r f\nd t 7besides ,ambrose1 ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e17 ! ,vulgate1 ! ,old ,egyptian1 ! ,h>kleian ,syriac & ! ,go?ic v]sions also conta9 ! words 9 "q2 & especially t ,*ryso/om 9 f\r places1 ,didymus1 ,epiphanius1 ,cyril & ,!odoret1 besides ,antio*us1 famili>ly quote !m1 x is evid5t t ! te/imony ( antiquity 9 _! fav\r is ev5 ov]:elm+4 ,add t 9 eight uncial ,,mss4 7beg9n+ ) ,d7 ! words 9 dispute =m "p ( ! text ( ,/4 ,luke1 & t !y are recogniz$ by ! great mass ( ! cursive copies1--7only six out ( ! tw5ty :i* ,scriv5] has collat$ be+ )\t !m17--& x is pla9 t at lea/ five te/s ( g5u95ess h be5 fully satisfi$4 7#b7 ,! ?ird clause 7,greek3 ho g> huios t\ an?rp\ ouk l! psy*as an?rpn apolesai1 alla ssai7 re/s on precisely ! same solid evid5ce z ! second2 except t ! te/imony ( ,clem5s is no long] available1--b only because 8 quotation does n ext5d s f>4 ,cod4 ,d also omits ?is ?ird clause2 :i* on ! o!r h& is upheld by ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian & ,ambrose4 ,tis*5dorf sugge/s t x has surreptiti\sly f\nd its way into ! text f ,/4 ,luke xix4 #aj1 or ,/4 ,matt1 xviii4 #aa4 ,b ?is is impossible2 simply because :at is f\nd 9 ^? two places is ess5tially diff]5t3 namely1--,greek3 l! g> ho huios t\ an?rp\ ztsai kai#eff ,greek3 ssai to apollos4 7#c7 ,we are at lib]ty 9 ! meantime to note h[ apt an illu/ration is "h af=d$ ( ! am\nt ( cons5sus :i* subsi/s betwe5 docum5ts ( ! olde/ class4 ,?is div]g5ce becomes mo/ conspicu\s :5 we direct our att5tion to ! gr\nds = omitt+ ! =emo/ clause ( ! ?ree1 ,greek3 hs kai lias epois53 = "h we make ! notable discov]y t ! evid5ce is n only less weighty1 b also diff]5t4 ,codexes ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph are n[ =sak5 by all _! =m] allies except ,l,symbol3 ,xi & a s+le cursive copy4 ,true1 !y are support$ by ! ,curetonian ,syriac1 ! ,vulgate & two copies ( ! ,old ,lat94 ,b ?is "t !y f9d !mselves confront$ by ,codexes ,,acd ) ?irte5 o!r uncials & ! :ole body ( ! cursives2 ! ,pe%itto1 ,coptic1 ,go?ic1 & ,h>kleian v]sions2 by ,clem5s1 ,j]ome1 ,*ryso/om1 ,cyril & pseudo-,basil4 ,9 respect ( antiquity1 v>iety1 respectability1 numb]s1 !y are !re=e hopelessly outvot$4 ,d any inquire1 ,h[ !n has all ?is contradiction & depravation ( ,codexes ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abc7,d7 come ab\t8 ,i answ] z foll[s3-- ,x 0 a fav\rite t5et ) ! ,gno/ic h]etics t ! ,law & ! ,gospel are at v>iance4 ,9 ord] to e/abli% ?is1 ,m>cion 79 a "w call$ ,anti!ses7 set passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t aga9/ passages ( ! ,old2 f ! seem+ disagreem5t betwe5 :i* 8 foll[]s 7 taught to inf] t ! ,law & ! ,gospel _c h proce$$ f "o & ! same au?or#efg4 ,n[ "h 0 a place exactly suit$ to 8 purpose4 ,! ,god ( ! ,old ,te/am5t _h twice s5t d[n fire f heav5 to consume fifty m54 ,b '! ,son ( ,man1' said our ,savi\r1 :5 invit$ to d ! l1 'came n to de/roy m5's lives b to save !m4' ,accord+ly1 ,t]tullian 9 8 f\r? book aga9/ ,m>cion1 refut+ ?is tea*+1 acqua9ts u t "o ( ,m>cion's ',contra/s' 0 ,elijah's sev]ity 9 call+ d[n fire f ,heav51--& ! g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/4 ',i ackn[l$ge ! sev5ty ( ! judge1' ,t]tullian replies2 'b ,i recognize ! same sev]ity on ! "p ( ,*ri/ t[>ds ,8 ,disciples :5 !y propos$ to br+ d[n a simil> calamity on a ,sam>itan village#efh4' ,f all ( :i* x is pla9 t )9 sev5ty ye>s ( ! "t :5 ! ,gospel 0 publi%$1 ! text ( ,/4 ,luke ix4 #ed-f /ood v mu* z at pres5t4 ,b !n x is fur!r discov]$ t at ! same remote p]iod 7ab\t ,a4,d4 #acj7 ?is place ( ,scripture 0 mu* fa/5$ on by ! enemies ( ! ,gospel4 ,! ,mani*aean h]etics press$ believ]s ) x#efi4 ,! disciples' appeal to ! example ( ,elijah1 & ! repro( !y incurr$1 became inconv5i5t facts4 ,! consequ5ce might be =ese54 ,) comm5dable solicitude = ,god's hon\r1 b ?r\gh mi/ak5 piety1 c]ta9 ( ! or?odox 7)\t suspicion ( ! evil !y 7 committ+7 7 s ill-advis$ z to erase f _! copies ! tw5ty-f\r words :i* _h be5 turn$ to mis*iev\s acc\nt z well z to cause copies to be made ( ! books s mutilat$3 & behold1 at ! end ( #a1gjj ye>s1 ! calamit\s result6 ,( ^! ?ree clauses !n1 :i* are closely int]dep5d5t1 & z ,tis*5dorf admits#egj mu/ all ?ree /& or all ?ree fall toge!r1 ! fir/ is f\nd ) ,,acd1 ! ,old ,lat91 ,pe%itto1 ,clem5t1 ,*ryso/om1 ,cyril1 ,j]ome1--n ) ,symbol3 ,aleph,b ! ,vulgate or ,curetonian4 ,! second & ?ird clauses are f\nd ) ,old ,lat91 ,vulgate1 ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian1 six ,greek & five ,lat9 ,fa!rs1--n ) ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcd4 ,:ile ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,b are alone 9 refus+ to recognize ei!r fir/1 second or ?ird clause4 ,& ?is is a fair sample ( t 's+ul> agreem5t' :i* is sometimes said to subsi/ betwe5 '! less] gr\p ( witnesses4' ,is x n pla9 on ! contr>y t at a v remote p]iod !re exi/$ a fi]ce conflict1 & consequ5t hopeless div]g5ce ( te/imony ab\t ! pres5t passage2 ( :i* #a1gjj ye>s#ega h fail$ to oblit]ate ! traces8 ,_h ,symbol3 ,aleph,b be5 our only anci5t guides1 x might ( c\rse h be5 cont5d$ t !re has be5 no act ( spoliation committ$3 b see+ t "o half ( ! miss+ treasure is f\nd ) _! allies1 ,,acd1 ,clem5t ,alex41 ,*ryso/om1 ,cyril1 ,j]ome1--! o!r half ) _! allies1 ,old ,lat91 ,h>kleian1 ,clem5t1 ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian1 ,ambrose1 ,didymus1 ,epiphanius1 ,*ryso/om1 ,cyril1 ,!odoret1 ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e#egb1--;x is cle> t no su* pret5ce c any long] be set up4 ,! endeav\r to e/abli% agreem5t among ! witnesses by a skilful di/ribution or r dislocation ( _! evid5ce1 a fav\rite device ) ! ,critics1 involves a fallacy :i* 9 any o!r subject w\ld be d5i$ a place4 ,i tru/ t h5ce=? ,/4 ,luke ix4 #ed-f w be left 9 undisput$ possession ( its place 9 ! sacr$ ,text1--to :i* x has an und\bt$ "r4 ,a ?\ghtful p]son may /ill inquire1 ,c x h[ev] be expla9$ fur!r h[ x has come to pass t ! evid5ce = omitt+ ! fir/ clause & ! two la/ is s unequally divid$8 ,i answ]1 ! disp>ity is due to ! influ5ce ( ! ,lection>ies4 ,let x be obs]v$ !n t an anci5t ,ecclesia/ical ,lection :i* us$ to beg9 ei!r at ,/4 ,luke ix4 #dd1 or else at v]se #di & to ext5d d[n to ! end ( v]se #efegc1 end$ ?us1--,greek3 hs kai lias epoise2 /rapheis de epetims5 autois4 kai eporeu?san eis hetepan kmn#egd4 ,x 0 ! ,lection = ,?ursday 9 ! fif? week ( ! new ye>2 & z ! read] sees1 x omitt$ ! two la/ clauses exactly z ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abc d4 ,ano!r ,ecclesia/ical ,lection began at v]se #ea & ext5d$ d[n to v]se #eg1 & is f\nd to h conta9$ ! two la/ clauses#ege4 ,i wi% !re=e to inquire3--,may x n fairly be presum$ t x is ! ,lection>y practice ( ! primitive age :i* has l$ to ! irregul>ity 9 ?is p]turbation ( ! sacr$ ,text8 ,,footnotes3 #die ,greek3 ,pros tois doksei ton ,*ri/on pephn5ai legontas4 #dif ,greek3 ,to de paidion uxane1 kai ekratai\to pneumati4 #dig ,x is ! tw5ty-f\r? & ! ?irtie? "q 9 ! fir/ ,dialogus ( pseudo-,caes>ius 7,gall4 vi4 #ag1 #bj74 #dih ,opp4 iii4 #iec1 #ied1--) suspici\s emphasis4 #dii ,ed4 ,migne1 vol4 #ic1 p4 #aeha a1 b 7,novum ,auct4 i4 #gjj74 #ejj ,:5 ,cyril writes 7,s*olia1 ed4 ,pusey1 vol4 vi4 #efh71--;,greek3 ,to de paidion uxane kai ekratai\to ,,pneumati1 plr\m5on ,,sophia kai ,,*>iti4 kaitoi kata phys9 panteleios e/9 hs ,!os kai ex idion plrmatos dianemei tois agiois ta ,,pneumatika1 kai autos e/9 ,,sophia1 kai ts ,,*>itos ho dotr1--x is cle> t ,greek3 pneumati mu/ h /ood 9 ,cyril's text4 ,! same is ! read+ ( ,cyril's ,treatise1 ,de ,inc>natione 7,mai1 ii4 #eg73 & ( 8 ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,luke 7ibid4 p4 #acf74 ,"o is surpris$ at ,tis*5dorf's p]v]se inf]5ce conc]n+ ! la/-nam$ place4 ,cyril _h begun by quot+ ! :ole ( v]4 #dj 9 exact con=mity ) ! traditional text 7,mai1 ii4 #acf74 ,at ! close ( "s rem>ks 7f\nd bo? 9 ,mai & 9 ,cram]'s ,cat5a71 ,cyril proce$s z foll[s1 accord+ to ! latt]3--,greek3 ho ,euangeli/s eps uxane kai ekratai\to ,,kai ,,ta ,,ex,s4 ,surely ?is con/itutes no gr\nd = suppos+ t he did n recognize ! ^w ,greek3 pneumati1 b r t he did4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is und5iable t 9 ,v4 ,p4 ii4 #ach & #aci 7 ,concilia iii4 #bda d1 #bdd a71 f ,pusey's acc\nt ( :at he f\nd 9 ! ,,mss4 7vii4 ,p4 i4 #bgg-h71 ! ^w ,greek3 pneumati mu/ be suspect$ ( be+ an unau?oriz$ addition to ! text ( ,cyril's treatise1 ,de ,rect fide ad ,pul*]iam et ,eudociam4 #eja ii4 #aeb3 iv4 #aab3 v4 #abj1 #aba 7f\r times74 #ejb ,greek3 ,ei teleios e/i ,!os ho ,*ri/os1 ps ho euangeli/s legei1 to de paidion ,is\s uxane kai ekratai\to pneumati2--,s4 ,caes>ii1 ,dialogus ,i1 ,quae/4 #bd 7ap4 ,gall&4 vi4 #ag c74 ,& see ,quae/4 #cj4 #ejc ii4 #cf d4 #ejd ,fragm5ta ,syriaca1 ed4 ,sa*au1 p4 #ec4--,! only o!r ,greek ,fa!rs :o quote ! place are ,eu?ymius & ,!ophylact4 #eje ,greek3 ,hn k\sa p>a t\ ,!\4 ,epiph4 i4 #dfc4 #ejf ,in/ead ( ,greek3 p>a t\ ,!\4 #ejg i4 #daj3 iv4 #bid1 #ecd4 ,else:]e he def5ds & employs x4 #ejh i4 #bfj1 #dfc3 ii4 #di4 #eji i4 #gje4 #eaj viii4 #cfe4 #eaa 7,glaph47 i4 #ah4 #eab iv4 #hc1 #dcj4 ,b bo? ,orig5 7i4 #gje3 iv4 #cbj1 #djb7 & ,cyril 7iv4 #eed3 v4 #geh7 quote ! traditional read+2 & ,cyril 7iv4 #edi7 di/9ctly says t ! latt] is "r1 & ,greek3 p>a t\ patros wrong4 #eac ,exc]pt4 ,!od4 #ifh4--;,h]acleon's "n is also connect$ by ,orig5 ) ?is text4 ,val5t9us 7ap4 ,ir54 #ajj7 says1 ,greek3 on d kai uion ,monog5 kai ,!on keklk54 #ead ,pp4 #fbg1 #fcj1 #dff4 #eae ,p4 #ief4 #eaf ',deum nemo vidit umquam3 nisi unicus filius solus1 s9um patris ipse en>ravit4'--7,comp4 ,t]tullian3--',solus filius patrem novit et s9um patris ipse exposuit' 7,prax4 c4 #h4 ,cp4 c4 #ba73 b he else:]e 7ibid4 c4 #ae7 exhibits ! passage 9 ! usual way47 ,clem5s writes1--,greek3 tote epopteuseis ton kolpon t\ ,patrus1 hon ho monoog5s huios ,!os monos exgsato 7#ief71 & 9 ! ,exc]pt4 ,!od4 we f9d ,greek3 outos ton kolpon ton ,patros exgsato ho ,str 7#ifi74 ,b ?is is un9telligible until x is rememb]$ t our ,"l is (t5 spok5 ( by ! ,fa!rs z ,greek3 h dexia t\ hypsi/\ 444 kolpos de ts dexias ho ,patr4 7,greg4 ,nyss4 i4 #aib47 #eag ,ps4 #ddj 7--,greek3 ho73 ,m>cell4 #afe1 #agi1 #bgc4 #eah ,m>cell4 #ccd3 ,!oph4 #ad4 #eai ,m>cell4 #acb4 ,read on to p4 #acd4 #ebj ,opp4 ii4 #dff4 #eba ,opp4 iii4 #bc1 #ceh4 #ebb ,greg4 ,nyss4 ,opp4 i4 #aib1 #ffc 7,greek3 ,!os pants ho monog5s1 ho en tois kolpois n t\ ,patros1 outs eipontos t\ ,iann\74 ,also ii4 #dcb1 #ddg1 #dej1 #dgj1 #ejf3 always ,greek3 en tois kolpois4 ,basil1 ,opp4 iii4 #ab4 #ebc ,basil1 ,opp4 iii4 #ad1 #af1 #aag3 & s ,eunomius 7ibid4 i4 #fbc74 #ebd ,contra ,eunom4 ,i h not$ n9ety-eight places4 #ebe ,cyril 7iv4 #ajd7 p>aphrases ,/4 ,john i4 #ah ?us3--,greek3 autos g> ,!os n ho monog5s1 en kolpois n t\ !\ kai patros1 tautn pros hmas epoisato tn exgs94 ,pres5tly 7p4 #aje71 he says t ,/4 ,john ,greek3 kai monog5 !on apokalei ton huion1 kai en kolpois e9ai phsi t\ patros4 ,b on p4 #ajg he speaks q pla9ly3 ,greek3 ho monog5s1 phsi1 ,!os1 ho n eis ton kolpon t\ patros1 eke9os exgsato4 epeid g> eph monog5 kai ,!on1 ti?s9 eu?ys1 ho n en tois kolpois t\ patros4--,s v4 #acg1 #gfh4 ,& yet he reads ,greek3 huios 9 v4 #cfe1 #dcg3 vi4 #ij4 #ebf ,he uses x sev5te5 times 9 8 ,comm4 on ,isaiah 7ii4 #d1 #ce1 #abb1 c471 & actually s reads ,/4 ,john i4 #ah 9 "o place 7,opp4 vi4 #ahg74 ,!odoret once adopts ! phrase 7,opp4 v4 #d74 #ebg ,de ,tr94 #gf1 #adj1 #cg;a3--#bg4 #ebh ,p4 #aag4 #ebi ,traditional ,text1 p4 #aac1 :]e ! ref]5ces are giv54 #ecj ,:o quot$ ,arius' words3--',subsi/it ante tempora et aeones pl5us ,deus1 unig5itus1 et immutabilis4' ,b ,i _c yet f9d ,tis*5dorf's ref]5ce4 #eca ,! read+ ,greek3 ,huios is e/abli%$ by unansw]able evid5ce4 #ecb ,! ,gno/ics ,basilides & ,val5t9us 7 ! direct precursors ( ,apolonius1 ,phot9us1 ,ne/orius1 c41 9 assail+ ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,_! h]esy mu/ h be5 actively at "w :5 ,/4 ,john wrote 8 fir/ 7iv4 #a1 #b1 #c7 & second 7v]4 #g7 ,epi/les4 #ecc ,rev4 xxii4 #ai4 #ecd ,greek3 ,epipds9 hm9 hoi hairetikoi legontes2 id\ ouk anelabe s>ka ho ,*ri/os2 ho deut4 g> phs9 an?r4 ho k4 ex ouran\4 ,*rys4 iii4 #aad b4 #ece ,greek3 ,tn g> kata s>ka gnns9 t\ ,*ri/\ anele9 b\lom5oi1 enllaxan to1 ho deut]os an?rpos2 kai epoisan1 ho deut]os ,kyrios4 ,dial4 ap4 ,orig4 i4 #hfh4--,m>cion _h 9 fact already sub/itut$ ,greek3 ,kyrios = ,greek3 an?rpos 9 v]4 #de3 7'! la/ ,"l became a quick5+ _s'37 ,t]tull4 ii4 #cjd--;a fabricat$ read+ :i* is also f\nd to h be5 upheld by ,m>cion's foll[]s3--,greek3 ho es*atos ,kyrios eis pn4 z4 ,dial4 ubi supra4 ,greek3 edei g> aut\s1 ei ge ta euangelia etimn1 m p]itemne9 ta euangelia1 m m] tn euangelin exyphele91 m het]a pro/hnai1 mte log1 mte idia gnm ta euangelia prosgraphe94444 prosgegraphkasi g\n hosa beb\lntai1 kai exypheilanto hosa kekrikasi4 ,titus ( ,bo/ra c4 ,mani*aeos 7,gall&4 v4 #cbh74 #ecf ,t]tull4 ii4 #cjd1 7,primus homo de humo t]r5us1 secundus ,dom9us de ,caelo74 #ecg ,dial ,orig4 i4 #hfh1 7,greek3 ho deut]os ,kyrios ex ouran\74 #ech ,greek3 ,to de pantn *aleptaton en tais ekklsia/ikais symphorais1 h tn ',apol9>i/n e/i p>rsia4 ,greg4 ,naz4 ii4 #afg4 #eci ii4 #afh1--;a v int]e/+ place4 ,see also p4 #hg4 #edj i4 #hca4 #eda ii4 #ddc1 #eca4 #edb ,pp4 #ahj1 #bji1 #bfj1 #bhi1 #cjg 7primus homo de t]rae limo1 c474 #edc iii4 #dj4 #edd iii4 #aad f\r times3 x4 #cid1 #cie4 ,once 7xi4 #cgd7 he has ,greek3 ho deut4 an?r4 ouranios ex ouran\4 #ede iv4 #ajea4 #edf ,ap4 ,?dt4 v4 #aace4 #edg ,ap4 ,gall&4 viii4 #fbf1 #fbg4 #edh i4 #bbb 7:]e = ,greek3 an?r4 he reads ,greek3 ,adam71 #efc4 ,also ii4 #abj1 #cdf4 #edi ',adv]sus ,mani*aeos1'--ap4 ,mai1 iv4 #fh1 #fi4 #eej ii4 #bbh3--;,greek3 ou* hoti ho an?rpos1 toi to an?rp9on proslmma1 ex ouran\ n1 hs ho aphrn ,apol9>ios elrei4 #eea ,naz4 ii4 #hg 7,?dt4 iv4 #fb71 #afh4--,nyss4 ii4 #aa4 #eeb ,ap4 ,epiphan4 i4 #hcj4 #eec #eei 7) ! ,text4 ,recept473 iv4 #cjb n4 #eed ,hippolytus may n be cit$ 9 evid5ce1 be+ read bo? ways4 7,cp4 ed4 ,fabr4 ii4 #cj3--;ed4 ,lag>de1 #ach4 #ae3--;ed4 ,gall&4 ii4 #dhc47--,nei!r may ! expression ,greek3 t\ deut]\ ex ouran\ an?rp\ 9 ,pet4 ,alex4 7ed4 ,r\?1 ,rell4 ,sacr4 iv4 #dh7 be safely press$4 #eee ,primus homo de t]ra1 t]r5us3 secundus homo de caelo caele/is4--i4 #aafh1 #acfc3 ii4 #bfe1 #ige4 ,& s ps4-,ambr4 ii4 #aff1 #dcg4 #eef ii4 #bih3 iv4 #icj3 vii4 #bif4 #eeg ,! places are giv5 by ,sabati] 9 loc4 #eeh ,only because x is ! ,vulgate read+1 ,i am p]suad$1 does ?is read+ appe> 9 ,orig4 int]p4 ii4 #hd1 #he3 iii4 #iea3 iv4 #edf4 #eei ,z ,phila/rius 7ap4 ,gall&4 vii4 #dib1 #eaf74--,pacianus 7ib4 #bge74--,m>ius ,m]cator 7ib4 viii4 #ffd74--;,capreolus 7ib4 ix4 #dic74 ,b see ! end ( ! next ensu+ note4 #efj ,vol4 i4 p4 #abge1--;,greek3 ho deut]os an?r4 ho ,kyrios ex ouran\ ouranios3--on :i* he rem>ks1 7if inde$ x be he71 ,greek3 id\ g> amphot]!n ouranios an?rpos onomazetai4 ,& l[] d[n1--,greek3 ,kyrios1 dia tn mian hypo/as92 deut4 m5 an?r41 kata tn h5m5n an?rpotta4 ex ouran\ de1 kata tn !otta4--,p4 #ddh1--;,greek3 ho deut]os an?r4 ex ouran\ ep\ranios4--,ap4 ,montf4 ii4 #ac 7 ,gall&4 v4 #afg71--;,greek3 ho deut4 an?r4 ex ouran\4--,note t ,maxim9us1 an ,arian bi%op1 ,a4,d4 #dbg-h 7ap4 ,augu/94 viii4 #ffc7 is f\nd to h possess$ a text id5tical ) ! fir/ ( ! prec$+3--',ait ipse ,paulus1 ,primus homo ,adam de t]ra t]r5us1 secundus homo ,dom9us de ,caelo caele/is adv5it4' #efa ,see ,revision ,revis$1 pp4 #acb-e3 & ,! ,traditional ,text1 p4 #aad4 #efb ,?is pap] is m>k$ z hav+ be5 writt5 at ,*i*e/] 9 #ahgg1 & is !re=e e>li] ?an ! ,dean's lat] s]ies4 #efc ,proleg4 #dah4 #efd ,! text ( ,/4 ,luke ix4 #ea-f prefix$ to ,cyril's fifty-six? ,s]mon 7p4 #cec7 is ! text ( ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph1--an important te/imony to :at ,i suppose may be reg>d$ z ! ,alex&r9e ,textus ,receptus ( ?is place 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,b !n no "o supposes t ,cyril is individually responsible = ! head+s ( 8 ,s]mons4 ,we !re=e ref] to ! body ( 8 disc\rse2 & discov] t ! ,syriac translator has r5d]$ x 7z usual7 ) exce$+ lic5ce4 ,he has omitt$ to r5d] "s su* words z ! foll[+ :i* c]ta9ly /ood 9 ! orig9al text3--,greek3 eid5ai g> *r1 hoti hs mp ts neas kekratkotes *>itos1 all' eti ts prot]as e*om5oi syn!ias1 t\to eipon1 pros lian aphorntes ton pyri kataphlexanta dis t\s p5tkonta kai t\s g\m5\s autn1 7,cram]'s ,cat4 ii4 p4 #ha4 ,cf4 ,cord]ii1 ,cat4 p4 #bfc4 ,also ,mat?aei4 ,n4 ,t4 9 loc41 pp4 #ccc-d47 ,n[ ! man :o wrote t1 mu/ surely h read ,/4 ,luke ix4 #ed1 #ee z we d4 #efe ,see ! fragm5t 7& ,pott]'s note71 ,opp4 p4 #ajai3 also ,gall&4 ii4 #aeg4 ,fir/ 9 ,hippolyt41 ,opp4 ed4 ,fabric1 ii4 #ga4 #eff ,9 ,/4 ,matt4 xviii4 #aa1 ! words ,greek3 ztsai kai d n occur4 #efg ,bp4 ,kaye's ,t]tullian1 p4 #dfh4 ',agnosco iudicis sev]itatem4 ,e contr>io ,*ri/i 9 e&em animadv]sionem de/9antes discipulos sup] ilium viculum ,sam>it>um4' ,m>c4 iv4 #bc 7see ii4 p4 #bba74 ,he adds1--',let ,m>cion also confess t by ! same t]ribly sev]e judge ,*ri/'s l5i5cy 0 =etold2' & he cites 9 pro( ,is4 xlii4 #b & #a ,k+s xix4 #ab 7's$ 9 spiritu miti'74 #efh ,augu/9e 7viii4 #aaa-aej1 #aea-ahb7 writes a book aga9/ him4 ,& he discusses ,/4 ,luke ix4 #ed-e on p4 #aci4 ,addas ,adimantus 7a disciple ( ,manes7 0 ! au?or ( a "w ( ! same k9d4 ,augu/9e 7viii4 #fjf c7 says ( x1--'ubi de utroque ,te/am5to velut int] se contr>ia te/imonia pr(]untur v]sipelli dolositate1 velut inde o/5datur utrumque ab uno ,deo esse non posse1 s$ alt]um ab alt]o4' ,c]don 0 ! fir/ to promulgate ?is pe/il5tial t5et 7#fje a74 ,!n ,m>cion 8 pupil1 !n ,apelles1 & !n ,patricius4 #efi ,titus ,bo/r4 adv4 ,mani*aeos 7ap4 ,gall&4 v4 #cbi b71 leav+ o!rs to note ! correspond5ces betwe5 ! ,new & ! ,old ,te/am5t1 proposes to h&le ! ',contra/s'3 ,greek3 pros autas tas anti!seis tn login *rsm54 ,at pp4 #cci e1 #cdj a1 b1 he confirms :at ,t]tullian says ab\t ! call+ d[n ( fire f heav54 #egj ,v]ba ,greek3 hs kai 4 epoise cur quis addid]it1 planum4 ,eidem int]polatori deb5tur quae v]ba ,greek3 /r4 de epeti4 autois excipiunt4 ,gravissimum e/ quod te/ium additam5tum ,greek3 ho g> huios1 c4 ab eadem manu d]iv&um e/1 nec p] se solum pro spurio hab]i pote/2 coha]et enim cum argum5to tum auctoritate arctissime cum prioribus4 7,n4 ,t4 ed4 #ahfi1 p4 #edd47 #ega ,secundo iam saeculo qu9 9 codicibus omnis haec int]polatio circumf]ri consuev]it1 dubit>i nequit4 7,ibid47 #egb ,! foll[+ are ! ref]5ces left by ! ,dean4 ,i h n _h "t or /r5g? to se>* out ^? :i* are left unspecifi$ 9 ?is ,,ms4 & ! la/4 ,j]ome4--,apo/oli 9 ,lege v]sati 444 ulcisci nituntur iniuriam1 et imit>i ,eliam1 c4 ,dom9us1 qui non ad iudic&um v5]at1 s$ ad salv&um1 c4 444 increpat eos quod non mem9]9t doctr9ae suae et bonitatis ,evangelicae1 c4 7i4 #heg b1 c1 d47 ,cyprian1 ,synodical ,epi/le4--',filius hom9is non v5it animas hom9um p]d]e1 s$ salv>e4' p4 #ih4 ,a4,d4 #bec4 ,tatian4--,v5i1 inquit1 animam salvam fac]e4 7,c>n4 c4 #ab et #aj3 & ,anim4 c4 #ac47 ,augu/9e gives a long extract f ! same lett] & ?us quotes ! words twice1--x4 #gf1 #dhb4 ,cp4 ii4 #eic a4 ,greek3 ,kai ho ,kyrios pros t\s apo/ol\s eipontas en pyri kolasai t\s m dexam5\s aut\s kata ton lian2 ,ouk oidate phsi poi\ pneumatos e/e4 7p4 #ajai47 ,!odoret1 iii4 #aaai4 7,greek3 poi\47 ,epiph4 ii4 #ca4 7,greek3 hoi\47 ,basil1 ii4 #bga 7,e?47 quotes ! :ole place4 ,augu/9e4--,respondit eis ,dom9us1 dic5s eos nescire cuius spiritus filii ess5t1 et quod ipse lib]>e v5isset1 non p]d]e4 viii4 #aci b4 ,cp4 iii4 7#b71 #aid b4 ,cyril ,al4--,greek3 ,mp ts neas kekratkotes *>itos 444 t\to eipon1 ton lian aphorntes ton pyri k4t4l4 ,cord4 ,cat4 #bfc ,cram4 ,cat4 #ha4 ,also iv4 #ajag4--;,by a /range slip ( memory1 ,cyril sets d[n a repro( f\nd 9 ,/4 ,mat!w3 b ?is is en\gh to %ew t he admits t "s repro( f9ds record 9 ! ,gospel4 ,*rys4 vii4 #efg e3 x4 #cje d3 vii4 #cdf a3 ix4 #fgg c4 ,opus ,imp4 ap4 ,*rys4 vi4 #baa1 #bai4 ,didymus4--,greek3 ,ouk oidate oi\ pneumatos e/9 ho huios t\ an?rp\4 ,de ,tr94 p4 #ahh4 #egc ,ev/4 #dh 7,mat?aei's c73 ,ev/4 #aej 7,h>l4 #eeih74 #egd ,see ,mat?aei1 ,n4,t4 #aghf1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ag4 #ege ,i h be5 unable to discov] ?is ,lection4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,p]icope ,,de ,,adult]a4 ,i h purposely res]v$ = ! la/ ! mo/ difficult problem ( all3 viz4 ^? twelve fam\s v]ses ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel 7*ap4 vii4 #ec to viii4 #aa7 :i* conta9 ! hi/ory ( '! woman tak5 9 adult]y1'--! p]icope de adult]a1 z x is call$4 ,altoge!r indisp5sable is x t ! read] %\ld approa* ?is portion ( ! ,gospel ) ! greate/ am\nt ( exp]i5ce & ! l>ge/ prep>ation4 ,conv5i5t w\ld x be1 no d\bt1 if he c\ld fur!r dive/ himself ( prejudice2 b t is p]haps impossible4 ,let him at lea/ endeav\r to weigh ! evid5ce :i* %all n[ be laid be=e him 9 imp>tial scales4 ,he mu/ d s p]=ce1 if he w\ld judge rightly3 = ! matt] to be discuss$ is confess$ly v peculi>3 9 "s respects1 ev5 unique4 ,let me conv9ce him at once ( ! tru? ( :at has be5 s f> spok54 ,x is a s+ul> circum/ance t at ! end ( eighte5 c5turies two in/ances1 & b two1 %\ld exi/ ( a consid]able portion ( ,scripture left to ! m]cy1 s to speak1 ( ',textual ,criticism4' ,twelve consecutive ,v]ses 9 ! second ,gospel--z _m consecutive ,v]ses 9 ! f\r?--are 9 ?is pr$icam5t4 ,x is s+ul>1 ,i say1 t ! ,provid5ce :i* has wat*$ s m>vell\sly ov] ! =tunes ( ! ,deposit1--! ,div9e ,wisdom :i* has made su* ample provision = its security all d[n ! ages1 %\ld h s ord]$ ! matt]1 t ^! two co-ext5sive problems h surviv$ to our times to be te/s ( human sagacity1--trials ( human fai?fulness & skill4 ,!y pres5t "s /rik+ features ( correspond5ce1 b f> m ( contra/1--z w pres5tly appe>4 ,& yet ! mo/ important circum/ance ( all _c be too soon m5tion$3 viz4 t bo? alike h exp]i5c$ ! same calamit\s treatm5t at ! h&s ( "s critics4 ,by common cons5t ! mo/ rec5t editors d5y t ei!r set ( ,v]ses c h =m$ "p ( ! ,gospel z x proce$$ f ! h&s ( its inspir$ au?or4 ,h[ mi/ak5 is ?is op9ion ( !irs 9 respect ( ! ',la/ twelve v]ses ( ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k1' has be5 already demon/rat$ 9 a sep>ate treatise4 ,i mu/ be cont5t 9 ?is place to deal 9 a f> less c]emoni\s mann] ) ! ho/ile v]dict ( _m critics conc]n+ ,/4 ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa4 ,t ,i %all be able to satisfy ^? p]sons :o pr(ess !mselves unconv9c$ by :at 0 (f]$ conc]n+ ,/4 ,m>k's la/ twelve v]ses1 ,i am n s simple z to expect4 ,b ,i tru/ t ,i %all h ) me all c&id read]s :o are capable ( weigh+ evid5ce imp>tially1 & und]/&+ ! nature ( logical pro(1 :5 x is fully drawn out be=e !m1--:i* inde$ is ! v qualification t ,i require ( !m4 ,& fir/1 ! case ( ! p]icope de adult]a requires to be plac$ be=e ! read] 9 its true be>+s4 ,= ^? :o h hi!rto discuss$ x are obs]v$ to h ignor$ c]ta9 prelim9>y consid]ations :i*1 once cle>ly appreh5d$1 are all b decisive ( ! po9t at issue4 ,!re is a fundam5tal ob/acle1 ,i mean1 9 ! way ( any attempt to dislodge ?is portion ( ! sacr$ n>rative f ! context 9 :i* x /&s1 :i* !y seem to h ov]look$4 ,i proce$ to expla94 ,suffici5t prom95ce has nev] yet be5 giv5 to ! fact t 9 ! pres5t discussion ! burd5 ( pro( re/s entirely ) ^? :o *all5ge ! g5u95ess ( ! ,p]icope "u review4 ,9 o!r words1 ! "q be=e u is n by any means1--,%all ^! ,twelve ,v]ses be admitt$--or1 ,mu/ !y be refus$ admission--into ! ,sacr$ ,text8 ,t po9t has be5 settl$ long1 long ago4 ,/4 ,john's ,twelve v]ses are 9 possession4 ,let ^? eject !m :o c4 ,!y are kn[n to h occupi$ _! pres5t position = full sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,!re nev] 0 a "t--z f> z is kn[n--- :5 !y 7 n :]e1--& to all int5ts & purposes :at--!y n[ are4 ,is x n evid5t1 t no m]ely ord9>y me?od ( pro(1--no m]ely common argum5t1--w avail to dislodge ,twelve su* ,v]ses z ^!8 ',twelve su* ,v]ses1' ,i say4 ,= x is ! ext5t ( ! subject-matt] :i* makes ! case s =midable4 ,we h "h to d ) no dubi\s clause1 conc]n+ :i* anci5t te/imony is divid$2 no seem+ gloss1 :i* is suspect$ to h ov]/epp$ its prop] limits1 & to h crept 9 z f ! m>g92 no importation f ano!r ,gospel2 no v]se ( ,scripture :i* has lo/ its way2 no weak amplification ( ! ,evangelical mean+2 no ta/eless app5dix1 :i* encumb]s ! n>rative & almo/ condemns itself4 ,no?+ ( ! sort4 ,if x 7 "s inconsid]able portion ( ,scripture :i* x 0 propos$ to get rid ( by %ew+ t x is disall[$ by a va/ am\nt ( anci5t evid5ce1 ! proce$+ w\ld be intelligible4 ,b ,i take leave to po9t out t a highly complex & v important incid5t--z relat$ 9 twelve consecutive v]ses ( ! ,gospel--_c be s dealt )4 ,squatt]s on ! wa/e are liable at any mom5t to be s]v$ ) a notice ( ejectm5t3 b ! own] ( a mansion surr\nd$ by broad acres :i* 8 ance/ors are kn[n to h own$ be=e ! ,hept>*y1 may on no acc\nt be dispossess$ by any su* summ>y process4 ,?is--to speak )\t a figure--is a connect$ & v /rik+ portion ( ! sacr$ n>rative3--! description ( a consid]able incid5t1 complete 9 itself1 full ( s]i\s tea*+1 & ( a k9d :i* no "o w\ld h ev] d>$ to inv5t4 ,^? :o w\ld assail x successfully mu/ come =w>d ) weapons ( a v diff]5t k9d f ^? usually employ$ 9 textual w>f>e4 ,x %all be pres5tly %ewn t ^! ,twelve ,v]ses hold _! actual place by a m extraord9>y "r ( t5ure ?an any o!r twelve v]ses :i* c be nam$ 9 ! ,gospel3 b x w\ld be premature to ent] ^u ! pro( ( t circum/ance n[4 ,i pref] to invite ! read]'s att5tion1 next to ! actual texture ( ! p]icope de adult]a1 by :i* "n 7z already expla9$7 ! la/ v]se ( ,/4 ,john vii4 toge!r ) v]ses #a-aa ( *4 viii4 are famili>ly designat$4 ,al?\gh ext]nal te/imony supplies ! sole pro( ( g5u95ess1 x is nev]!less reasonable to inquire :at ! v]ses 9 "q may h to say = !mselves4 ,d !y c>ry on _! front ! tok5s ( t bas5ess ( orig9 :i* _! impugn]s s confid5tly seek to fa/5 ^u !m8 ,or d !y1 on ! contr>y1 unmi/akably be> ! impress ( ,tru?8 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* /rikes me 9 !m is t ! actual n>rative conc]n+ '! woman tak5 9 adult]y' is entirely conta9$ 9 ! la/ n9e ( ^! v]ses3 be+ prec$$ by two %ort p>agraphs ( an entirely diff]5t "* & complexion4 ,let ^! be fir/ produc$ & /udi$3 '& e man w5t to 8 own h\se3 b ,jesus w5t to ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4' ',& aga91 v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ,he pres5t$ ,himself 9 ! ,temple2 & all ! p came unto ,him3 & ,he sat d[n & taught !m4' ,n[ z e "o mu/ see1 ! =m] ( ^! two p>agraphs is unmi/akably n ! beg9n+ b ! end ( a n>rative4 ,x purports to be ! conclusion ( some?+ :i* w5t be=e1 n to introduce some?+ :i* comes aft]4 ,)\t any sort ( d\bt1 x is ,/4 ,john's acc\nt ( :at occurr$ at ! close ( ! debate betwe5 c]ta9 memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r9 :i* t]m9ates 8 hi/ory ( ! la/ day ( ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles4 ,! v]se 9 "q m>ks ! conclusion ( ! ,fea/1--implies 9 %ort t all is already f9i%$4 ,remove x1 & ! antec$5t n>rative ends abruptly4 ,reta9 x1 & all proce$s me?odically2 :ile an affect+ contra/ is e/abli%$1 :i* is recogniz$ to be /rictly 9 ! mann] ( ,scripture#egf4 ,ea* "o _h gone to 8 home3 b ! homeless ,"o _h repair$ to ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,9 o!r words1 ! p>agraph "u discussion is f\nd to be an integral "p ( ! imm$iately antec$5t n>rative3 proves to be a fragm5t ( :at is univ]sally admitt$ to be g5u9e ,scripture4 ,by consequ5ce1 itself mu/ ne$s be g5u9e also#egg4 ,x is va9 = any "o to rem9d u t ^! two v]ses are 9 ! same pr$icam5t z ^? :i* foll[3 are z ill support$ by ,,ms4 evid5ce z ! o!r t53 & mu/ !re=e %>e ! same fate z ! re/4 ,! /atem5t is incorrect1 to beg9 )2 z %all pres5tly be %ewn4 ,b1 :at is ev5 bett] des]v+ ( att5tion1 s9ce confess$ly ^! twelve v]ses are ei!r to /& or else to fall toge!r1 x mu/ be c&idly admitt$ t :atev] begets a suspicion t c]ta9 ( !m1 at all ev5ts1 mu/ ne$s be g5u9e1 ?r[s real d\bt on ! ju/ice ( ! s5t5ce ( condemnation :i* has be5 pass$ 9 a lump ^u all ! re/4 ,i proce$ to call att5tion to ano!r inconv5i5t circum/ance :i* "s ,critics 9 _! eag]ness h ov]look$4 ,! read] w be> 9 m9d t--cont5d+1 z ,i d1 t ! entire ,p]icope "u discussion is g5u9e ,scripture :i* has be5 =cibly wr5*$ away f its lawful context1--,i began by exam9+ ! upp] extremity1 ) a view to asc]ta9+ :e!r x bore any traces ( be+ a fractur$ edge4 ,! result is j :at might h be5 anticipat$4 ,! fir/ two ( ! v]ses :i* x is ! fa%ion to br& ) ignom9y 7 f\nd to c>ry on _! front cle> evid5ce t !y are g5u9e ,scripture4 ,h[ !n ab\t ! o!r extremity8 ,note1 t 9 ! oracul> ,codexes ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph imm$iate transition is made f ! words 'out ( ,galilee arise? no prophet1' 9 *4 vii4 #e;a1 to ! words ',aga9 !re=e ,jesus spake unto !m1 say+1' 9 *4 viii4 #ab4 ,& we are invit$ by all ! adv]se ,critics alike to believe t s ! place /ood 9 ! inspir$ autograph ( ! ,evangeli/4 ,b ! ?+ is incr$ible4 ,look back at :at is conta9$ betwe5 *4 vii4 #cg & #e;a1 & note--7a7 ,t two ho/ile p>ties cr[d$ ! ,temple c\rts 7v]4 #dj-db73 7b7 ,t "s 7 = lay+ viol5t h&s on our ,"l 7v]4 #dd73 7c7 ,t ! ,sanh$r91 be+ assembl$ 9 debate1 7 reproa*+ _! s]vants = n hav+ br\ght ,him prison]1 & disput+ "o aga9/ ano!r#egh 7v]4 #de-eb74 ,h[ c ! ,evangeli/ h proce$$1--',aga9 !re=e ,jesus spake unto !m1 say+1 ,i am ! light ( ! _w'8 ,:at is x suppos$ !n t ,/4 ,john meant :5 he wrote su* words8 ,b on ! contr>y1 survey ! context 9 any ord9>y copy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & 8 mean+ is p]fectly cle>4 ,! la/ great day ( ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles is end$4 ,x is ! morr[ & 'v e>ly 9 ! morn+4' ,! ,holy ,"o has 'aga9 pres5t$ ,himself 9 ! ,temple' :]e on ! previ\s night ,he s n>r[ly escap$ viol5ce at ! h&s ( ,8 enemies1 & ,he tea*es ! p4 ,:ile ?us engag$1--! "t1 ! place1 ,8 own occupation sugge/+ ?\ghts ( peace & hol9ess & love1--a rabble r\t1 head$ by ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 ent] on ! f\le/ ( err&s2 & we all rememb] ) h[ little success4 ,su* an int]ruption ne$ n h occupi$ mu* "t4 ,! ,woman's accus]s hav+ dep>t$1 our ,savi\r resumes ,8 disc\rse :i* _h be5 brok5 (f4 ',aga9 !re=e' x is said 9 v]4 #ab1 ) cle> & frequ5t ref]5ce to :at _h prec$$ 9 v]4 #b--';,jesus spake unto !m1 say+1 ,i am ! light ( ! _w4' ,& _h n t say+ ( ,8 ref]5ce z well to ! ?ick cl\d ( moral d>kness :i* ,8 words1 a few mom5ts be=e1 _h succe$$ 9 dispell+1 z to ! orb ( glory :i* already flood$ ! ,temple ,c\rt ) ! effulg5ce ( its ris+1--,8 own visible emblem & image 9 ! ,heav5s8444 ,i prote/ t ) ! incid5t ( '! woman tak5 9 adult]y1'--s introduc$1 s dismiss$1--all is lucid & coh]5t3 )\t ^? connect+ l9ks1 ! /ory is sc>cely intelligible4 ,^! twelve disput$ v]ses1 s f> f 'fatally int]rupt+ ! c\rse ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 if reta9$ 9 ! text#egi1' prove to be ev5 necess>y = ! logical coh]5cy ( ! entire context 9 :i* !y /&4 ,b ev5 t is n all4 ,on close & c>eful inspection1 ! my/]i\s texture ( ! n>rative1 no less ?an its 'edify+ & em95tly ,*ri/ian' "*1 v9dicates = ! ,p]icope de adult]a a "r to its place 9 ! ,gospel4 ,let me endeav\r to expla9 :at seems to be its spiritual significancy3 9 o!r words1 to int]pret ! transaction4 ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees br+ a woman to our ,savi\r on a *>ge ( adult]y4 ,! s9 prevail$ to su* an ext5t among ! ,jews t ! ,div9e enactm5ts conc]n+ "o s accus$ _h long s9ce fall5 into practical oblivion4 ,on ! pres5t occasion our ,"l is obs]v$ to revive ,8 own anci5t ord9ance aft] a hi!rto unhe>d ( fa%ion4 ,! trial by ! bitt] wat]1 or wat] ( conviction#ehj1 0 a species ( ordeal1 int5d$ = ! v9dication ( innoc5ce1 ! conviction ( guilt4 ,b accord+ to ! traditional belief ! te/ prov$ inefficaci\s1 unless ! husb& 0 himself innoc5t ( ! crime :]e( he accus$ 8 wife4 ,let ! provisions ( ! law1 conta9$ 9 ,num4 v4 #af to #bd1 be n[ consid]$4 ,! accus$ ,woman hav+ be5 br\ght ne>1 & set be=e ! ,"l1 ! prie/ took 'holy wat] 9 an e>!n vessel1' & put '( ! du/ ( ! floor ( ! tab]nacle into ! wat]4' ,!n1 ) ! bitt] wat] t cause? ! curse 9 8 h&1 he *>g$ ! woman by an oa?4 ,next1 he wrote ! curses 9 a book & blott$ !m out ) ! bitt] wat]2 caus+ ! woman to dr9k ! bitt] wat] t cause? ! curse4 ,:]eupon if %e 7 guilty1 %e fell "u a t]rible p5alty1--h] body te/ify+ visibly to h] s94 ,if %e 0 innoc5t1 no?+ foll[$4 ,& n[1 :o sees n t ! ,holy ,"o dealt ) ,8 hypocritical assailants1 z if !y _h be5 ! accus$ p>ties8 ,into ! pres5ce ( inc>nate ,jehovah v]ily !y _h be5 br\ght3 & p]haps :5 ,he /oop$ d[n & wrote ^u ! gr\nd1 x 0 a bitt] s5t5ce aga9/ ! adult]] & adult]ess :i* ,he wrote4 ,we h b to assume "s connexion betwe5 ! curse :i* ,he ?us trac$ '9 ! du/ ( ! floor ( ! tab]nacle' & ! words :i* ,he utt]$ ) ,8 lips1 & ,he may ) tru? be decl>$ to h 'tak5 ( ! du/ & put 9 on ! wat]1' & 'caus$ !m to dr9k ( ! bitt] wat] :i* cause? ! curse4' ,= :51 by ,8 ,holy ,_s1 our great ,high ,prie/ 9 ,8 human fle% address$ ^! adult]]s1--:at did ,he b pres5t !m ) liv+ wat]#eha '9 an e>!n vessel#ehb'8 ,did ,he n fur!r *>ge !m ) an oa? ( curs+1 say+1 ',if ye h n gone aside to uncleanness1 be ye free f ?is bitt] wat]3 b if ye be defil$'--,on be+ pres5t$ ) :i* alt]native1 did !y n1 self-convict$1 g out "o by "o8 ,& :at else 0 ?is b _! own acquittal ( ! s9ful woman1 = ^: condemnation !y %ew$ !mselves s impati5t8 ,surely x 0 '! wat] ( conviction' 7,greek3 to hydr t\ elegm\7 z x is six times call$1 :i* !y _h be5 compell$ to dr9k2 :]eupon1 'convict$ 7,greek3 eleg*om5oi7 by _! own consci5ce1' z ,/4 ,john relates1 !y _h pron\nc$ ! o!r's acquittal4 ,f9ally1 note t by ,himself decl9+ to 'condemn' ! accus$ woman1 our ,"l also did 9 effect blot out ^? curses :i* ,he _h already writt5 aga9/ h] 9 ! du/1--:5 ,he made ! floor ( ! sanctu>y ,8 'book4' ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! =ego+ exposition--& ,i am n conc]n$ to def5d x 9 e detail1--on turn+ to ! opposite cont5tion1 we are /ruck ) ! sl5d] am\nt ( actual pro( ) :i* ! assailants ( ?is passage seem to be furni%$4 ,_! evid5ce is mo/ly negative--a proce$+ :i* is con/antly obs]v$ to att5d a bad cause3 & !y are prone to make up = ! feebl5ess ( _! facts by ! /r5g? ( _! ass]tions4 ,b my exp]i5ce1 z "o :o has giv5 a consid]able am\nt ( att5tion to su* subjects1 tells me t ! n>rative be=e u c>ries on its front ! impress ( ,div9e orig94 ,i v5ture to ?9k t x v9dicates = itself a high1 une>?ly mean+4 ,x seems to me t x _c be ! "w ( a fabricator4 ,! m ,i /udy x1 ! m ,i am impress$ ) its ,div9ity4 ,& 9 :at goes be=e ,i h be5 try+ to make ! read] a p>tak] ( my own conviction4 ,to come n[ to p>ticul>s1 we may readily see f its v texture t x mu/ ne$s h be5 wov5 9 a heav5ly loom4 ,only too obvi\s is ! rem>k t ! v subject-matt] ( ! *ief transaction record$ 9 ^! twelve v]ses1 w\ld be suffici5t 9 & by itself to preclude ! suspicion t ^! twelve v]ses are a spuri\s addition to ! g5u9e ,gospel4 ,& !n we note h[ entirely 9 ,/4 ,john's mann] is ! little explanatory clause 9 v]4 #f1--',?is !y said1 tempt+ ,him1 t !y might h to accuse ,him#ehc4' ,we are /ruck besides by ! prom95ce giv5 9 v]ses #f & #h to ! act ( writ+1--allusions to :i*1 are met ) 9 e "w ( ! la/ ,evangeli/#ehd4 ,x does n ( c\rse escape u h[ utt]ly beyond ! rea* ( a ,we/]n int]polator w\ld h be5 ! ins]tion ( ! article s fai?fully reta9$ to ?is h\r be=e ,greek3 li?on 9 v]4 #g4 ,on complet+ our survey1 z to ! ass]tions t ! p]icope de adult]a 'has no "r to a place 9 ! text ( ! f\r ,gospels1'--is 'cle>ly a ,we/]n int]polation1 ?\gh n ,we/]n ( ! e>lie/ type#ehe1' 7:atev] t may mean71 & s =?1--we c b suspect t ! au?ors v imp]fectly realize ! difficulty ( ! problem ) :i* !y h to deal4 ,dr4 ,hort f9ally assures u t 'no accompany+ m>ks w\ld prev5t' ?is portion ( ,scripture 'f fatally int]rupt+ ! c\rse ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel if reta9$ 9 ! text'3 & :5 !y relegate x accord+ly to a blank page at ! end ( ! ,gospels )9 'd\ble brackets1' 9 ord] 'to %ew its inf]ior au?ority'2--we c b read & wond] at ! want ( p]ception1 n to speak ( ! coolness1 :i* !y display4 ,qu\sque t&em8 ,b x is "t to turn f su* consid]ations z ! =ego+1 & to inquire = ! direct te/imony1 :i* is assum$ by rec5t ,editors & ,critics to be fatal to ^! twelve v]ses4 ,tis*5dorf pron\nces x 'absolutely c]ta9 t ?is n>rative 0 n writt5 by ,/4 ,john#ehf4' ,"o1 va/ly 8 sup]ior 9 judgem5t 7,dr4 ,scriv5]7 decl>es t 'on all intellig5t pr9ciples ( m]e ,criticism1 ! passage mu/ ne$s be ab&on$#ehg4' ,tregelles is 'fully satisfi$ t ?is n>rative is n a g5u9e "p ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel#ehh4' ,al=d %uts x up 9 brackets1 & l ,tregelles puts x into 8 footnotes4 ,we/cott & ,hort1 h>%] ?an any ( _! pr$ecessors1 w n1 z we h se51 all[ x to appe> ev5 at ! foot ( ! page4 ,to reproduce all t has be5 writt5 9 disp>agem5t ( ?is preci\s portion ( ,god's writt5 ,^w w\ld be a joyless & an unpr(itable task4 ,accord+ to ,gre51 '! g5u95ess ( ! passage _c be ma9ta9$#ehi4' ,hammond is ( op9ion t 'x w\ld be m satisfactory to sep>ate x f its pres5t context1 & place x by itself z an app5dix to ! ,gospel#eij4' ,a yet m rec5t critic 'sums up1' t '! ext]nal evid5ce mu/ be held fatal to ! g5u95ess ( ! passage#eia4' ,! op9ions ( ,bi%ops ,wordswor?1 ,ellicott1 & ,lightfoot1 %all be respectfully comm5t$ ^u by-&-by4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,i v5ture to jo9 issue ) e "o ( ^! le>n$ p]sons4 ,i cont5d t on all intellig5t pr9ciples ( s\nd ,criticism ! passage be=e u mu/ be ma9ta9$ to be g5u9e ,scripture2 & t )\t a p>ticle ( d\bt ,i _c ev5 admit t 'x has be5 transmitt$ to u "u circum/ances widely diff]5t f ^? connect$ ) any o!r passage ( ,scripture :atev]#eib4' ,i cont5d t x has be5 transmitt$ 9 precisely ! same way z all ! re/ ( ,scripture1 & !re=e exhibits ! same notes ( g5u95ess z any o!r twelve v]ses ( ! same ,gospel :i* c be nam$3 b--l c\ntless o!r places--x is f\nd = :atev] reason to h giv5 (f5ce 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s3 & 9 consequ5ce has exp]i5c$ v ill usage at ! h&s ( ! anci5ts & ( ! mod]ns also3--b especially ( ! latt]4 ,9 o!r words1 ^! twelve v]ses exhibit ! requir$ notes ( g5u95ess less conspicu\sly ?an any o!r twelve consecutive v]ses 9 ! same ,gospel4 ,b t is all4 ,! "o only "q to be decid$ is ! foll[+3--,on a review ( ! :ole ( ! evid5ce1--is x m reasonable to /igmatize ^! twelve v]ses z a spuri\s accretion to ! ,gospel8 ,or to admit t !y mu/ ne$s be acc\nt$ to be g5u9e8444 ,i %all %ew t !y are at ?is h\r support$ by a weight ( te/imony :i* is absolutely ov]:elm+4 ,i read ) satisfaction t my own convictions 7 %>$ by ,mill1 ,mat?aei1 ,adl]1 ,s*olz1 ,v]cellone4 ,i h also ! le>n$ ,c]iani on my side4 ,i %\ld h be5 j z confid5t _h ,i /ood alone3--su* is ! imp]ative /r5g? ( ! evid5ce4 ,to beg9 !n4 ,tis*5dorf--7:o may be tak5 z a fair sample ( ! assailants ( ?is passage7--comm5ces by /at+ r\ndly t ! ,p]icope is omitt$ by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abcltx,symbol3 ,delta1 & ab\t sev5ty cursives4 ,i w say at once1 t no s9c]e inquir] aft] tru? c\ld s /ate ! evid5ce4 ,x is 9 fact n a true /atem5t4 ,a & ,c are h]eab\t defective4 ,no long] possible !re=e is x to "k ) c]ta9ty :at !y ei!r did1 or did n1 conta94 ,b ?is is n m]ely all4 ,i proce$ to (f] a few words conc]n+ ,cod4 ,a4 ,woide1 ! le>n$ & accurate#eic editor ( ! ,codex ,alex&r9us1 rem>k$ 79 #aghe7--';,hi/oria adult]ae videtur 9 hoc codice defuisse4' ,b ?is mode/ inf]5ce ( 81 subsequ5t ,critics h repres5t$ z an asc]ta9$ fact1 ,tis*5dorf ann\nces x z 'c]tissimum4' ,let me be all[$ to inve/igate ! problem = myself4 ,woide's calculation1--7:i* has pass$ un*all5g$ = ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s1 & on ! /r5g? ( :i* x is n[-a-days assum$ t ,cod4 ,a mu/ h exactly resembl$ ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,b 9 omitt+ ! p]icope de adult]a17--0 f> too r\ghly made to be ( any critical use#eid4 ,two leaves ( ,cod4 ,a h be5 "h lo/3 viz4 f ! ^w ,greek3 kataba9n 9 vi4 #ej to ! ^w ,greek3 legeis 9 viii4 #eb3 a lacuna 7z ,i f9d by c\nt+ ! lett]s 9 a copy ( ! ord9>y text7 ( z ne>ly z possible #h1hje lett]s1--all[+ = contractions1 & ( c\rse n reckon+ ,/4 ,john vii4 #ec to viii4 #aa4 ,n[1 9 ord] to e/imate fairly h[ _m lett]s ! two lo/ leaves actually conta9$1 ,i h inquir$ = ! sums ( ! lett]s on ! leaf imm$iately prec$+1 & also on ! leaf imm$iately succe$+ ! hiatus2 & ,i f9d !m to be respectively #d1ccg & #d1cjc3 toge!r1 #h1fdj lett]s4 ,b ?is1 x w be se51 is insuffici5t by #afe lett]s1 or eight l9es1 = ! assum$ cont5ts ( ^! two miss+ leaves4 ,are we !n to suppose t "o leaf exhibit$ some:]e a blank space equival5t to eight l9es8 ,impossible1 ,i answ]4 ,!re exi/$1 on ! contr>y1 a consid]able r$undancy ( matt] 9 at lea/ ! second ( ^? two lo/ leaves4 ,?is is prov$ by ! circum/ance t ! fir/ column on ! next ensu+ leaf exhibits ! unique ph5om5on ( be+ encumb]$1 at its summit1 by two v long l9es 7conta9+ toge!r fifty-eight lett]s71 = :i* evid5tly no room c\ld be f\nd on ! page :i* imm$iately prec$$4 ,b :y %\ld !re h be5 any r$undancy ( matt] at all8 ,some?+ extraord9>y mu/ h produc$ x4 ,:at if ! ,p]icope de adult]a1 )\t be+ actually ins]t$ 9 full1 0 recogniz$ by ,cod4 ,a8 ,:at if ! scribe _h proce$$ z f> z ! f\r? ^w ( ,/4 ,john viii4 #c1 & !n _h sudd5ly *eck$ himself8 ,we _c tell :at appe>ance ,/4 ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa pres5t$ 9 ,codex ,a1 simply because ! entire leaf :i* %\ld h conta9$ x is lo/4 ,en\gh h[ev] has be5 said already to prove t x is incorrect & unfair to ?r[ ,symbol3 ,aleph,,ab into "o & ! same category1--) a 'c]tissimum1'--z ,tis*5dorf does4 ,z = ,l & ,symbol3 ,delta1 !y exhibit a vacant space aft] ,/4 ,john vii4 #eb1--:i* te/ifies to ! consci\sness ( ! copyi/s t !y 7 leav+ out some?+4 ,^! are !re=e witnesses =1--n witnesses aga9/1--! passage "u discussion4--,x be+ a ,comm5t>y on ! ,gospel z x 0 read 9 ,*ur*1 ( c\rse leaves ! passage out4--,! only uncial ,,mss4 !re=e :i* simply leave out ! p]icope1 are ! ?ree foll[+--,symbol3 ,aleph,,bt3 & ! degree ( att5tion to :i* su* an am\nt ( evid5ce is entitl$1 has be5 already prov$ to be wondr\s small4 ,we _c =get moreov] t ! two =m] ( ^! copies enjoy ! un5viable di/9ction ( /&+ alone on a memorable occasion3--!y alone exhibit ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel mutilat$ 9 respect ( its twelve conclud+ v]ses4 ,b ,i %all be rem9d$ t ab\t sev5ty ,,mss4 ( lat] date are )\t ! p]icope de adult]a3 t ! fir/ ,greek ,fa!r :o quotes ! p]icope is ,eu?ymius 9 ! twelf? c5tury3 t ,t]tullian1 ,orig51 ,*ryso/om1 ,cyril1 ,nonnus1 ,cosmas1 ,!ophylact1 knew no?+ ( x3 & t x is n conta9$ 9 ! ,syriac1 ! ,go?ic1 or ! ,egyptian v]sions4 ,conc]n+ e "o ( :i* /atem5ts ,i rem>k ov] aga9 t no s9c]e lov] ( ,tru?1 suppos+ him to und]/& ! matt] ab\t :i* he is disput+1 c\ld s exhibit ! evid5ce = ?is p>ticul> problem4 ,fir/1 because s to /ate x is to misrepres5t ! entire case4 ,next1 because "s ( ! articles ( indictm5t are only half true3--9 fact are untrue4 ,b *iefly1 because 9 ! =ego+ enum]ation c]ta9 consid]ations are actually suppress$ :i*1 _h !y be5 fairly /at$1 w\ld h be5 f\nd to rev]se ! issue4 ,let me n[ be p]mitt$ to conduct ?is inquiry 9 my own way4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done is to enable ! read] cle>ly to und]/& :at ! problem be=e him actually is4 ,twelve v]ses !n1 :i*1 z a matt] ( fact1 are f\nd dovetail$ into a c]ta9 context ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 ! ,critics insi/ mu/ n[ be dislodg$4 ,b d ! ,critics 9 "q prove t !y mu/8 ,= unless !y d1 !re is no help = x b ! p]icope de adult]a mu/ be left :]e x is4 ,i proce$ to %ew fir/1 t x is impossible1 on any rational pr9ciple to dislodge ^! twelve v]ses f _! actual context4--,next1 ,i %all po9t out t ! facts adduc$ 9 evid5ce & reli$ on by ! assailants ( ! passage1 d n by any means prove ! po9t !y are int5d$ to prove2 b admit ( a suffici5t & satisfactory explanation4--,?irdly1 x %all be %ewn t ! said explanation c>ries ) x1 & implies1 a weight ( te/imony 9 support ( ! twelve v]ses 9 dispute1 :i* is absolutely ov]:elm+4--,la/ly1 ! positive evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ^! twelve v]ses %all be prov$ to outweigh l>gely ! negative evid5ce1 :i* is reli$ ^u by ^? :o cont5d = _! removal4 ,to "s p ,i may seem to express myself ) too mu* confid5ce4 ,let x !n be said once = all1 t my confid5ce is inspir$ by ! /r5g? ( ! argum5ts :i* are n[ to be unfold$4 ,:5 ! ,au?or ( ,holy ,scripture supplies su* pro(s ( ,8 int5tions1 ,i _c d o!rwise ?an re/ implicit confid5ce 9 !m4 ,n[ ,i beg9 by e/abli%+ z my fir/ proposition t1 7#a7 ,^! twelve v]ses occupi$ precisely ! same position :i* !y n[ occupy f ! e>lie/ p]iod to :i* evid5ce conc]n+ ! ,gospels rea*es4 ,& ?is1 because x is a m]e matt] ( fact1 is suffici5tly e/abli%$ by ref]5ce to ! anci5t ,lat9 v]sion ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,we are ?us c>ri$ back to ! second c5tury ( our era3 beyond :i*1 te/imony does n rea*4 ,! p]icope is obs]v$ to /& 9 situ 9 ,codd4 b c e ff#b g h j4 ,j]ome 7,a4,d4 #che71 aft] a c>eful survey ( old] ,greek copies1 did n hesitate to reta9 x 9 ! ,vulgate4 ,x is freely ref]r$ to & comm5t$ on by himself#eie 9 ,pale/9e3 :ile ,ambrose at ,milan 7#cgd7 quotes x at lea/ n9e times#eif2 z well z ,augu/9e 9 ,nor? ,africa 7#cif7 ab\t twice z (t5#eig4 ,x is quot$ besides by ,pacian#eih1 9 ! nor? ( ,spa9 7#cgj71--;by ,fau/us#eii ! ,african 7#djj71--;by ,ruf9us#fjj at ,aquileia 7#djj71--;by ,*rysologus#fja at ,rav5na 7#dcc71--;by ,s$ulius#fjb a ,scot 7#dcd74 ,! unkn[n au?ors ( two fam\s treatises#fjc writt5 at ! same p]iod1 l>gely quote ?is portion ( ! n>rative4 ,x is ref]r$ to by ,victorius or ,victor9us 7#deg71--;by ,vigilius ( ,tapsus#fjd 7#dhd7 9 ,nor? ,africa1--by ,gelasius#fje1 bp4 ( ,rome 7#dib71--;by ,cassiodorus#fjf 9 ,s\!rn ,italy1--by ,gregory ! ,great#fjg1 & by o!r ,fa!rs ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,to ?is x is idle to object t ! au?ors cit$ all wrote 9 ,lat94 ,= ! purpose 9 h& _! evid5ce is e bit z conclusive z if !y _h writt5 9 ,greek1--f :i* language no "o d\bts t !y d]iv$ _! k1 ?r\gh a translation4 ,b 9 fact we are n left to ,lat9 au?orities4 ,out ( ?irty-eight copies ( ! ,bohairic v]sion ! p]icope de adult]a is read 9 fifte51 b 9 ?ree =ms :i* w be pr9t$ 9 ! ,ox=d edition4 ,9 ! rema9+ tw5ty-?ree1 x is left out4 ,h[ is x intelligible t ?is passage is ?us f\nd 9 ne>ly half ! copies--except on ! hypo!sis t !y =m$ an integral "p ( ! ,memphitic v]sion8 ,!y might h be5 easily omitt$3 b h[ c\ld !y h be5 ins]t$8 ,once m4 ,! ,e?iopic v]sion 7fif? c5tury71--! ,pale/9ian ,syriac 7:i* is ref]r$ to ! fif? c5tury71--! ,georgian 7probably fif? or six? c5tury71--to say no?+ ( ! ,slavonic1 ,arabic & ,p]sian v]sions1 :i* are ( lat] date1--all conta9 ! portion ( n>rative 9 dispute4 ,! ,arm5ian v]sion also 7f\r?-fif? c5tury7 orig9ally conta9$ x2 ?\gh x survives at pres5t 9 only a few copies4 ,add t x is f\nd 9 ,cod4 ,d1 & x w be se5 t 9 all p>ts ( anci5t ,*ri/5dom ?is portion ( ,scripture 0 famili>ly kn[n 9 e>ly times4 ,b ev5 ?is is n all4 ,j]ome1 :o 0 famili> ) ,greek ,,mss4 7& :o h&l$ none ( lat] date ?an ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph71 expressly relates 7#chj7 t ! p]icope de adult]a 'is f\nd 9 _m copies bo? ,greek & ,lat9#fjh4' ,he calls att5tion to ! fact t :at is r5d]$ 's9e peccato' is ,greek3 anam>ttos 9 ! ,greek3 & lets fall an exegetical rem>k :i* %ews t he 0 famili> ) copies :i* exhibit$ 79 v]4 #h7 ,greek3 egraphan enos eka/\ autn tas am>tias1--a read+ :i* survives to ?is day 9 "o uncial 7,u7 & at lea/ eighte5 cursive copies ( ! f\r? ,gospel#fji4 ,:5ce is x--let me ask 9 pass+--t s _m ,critics fail to see t positive te/imony l ! =ego+ f> outweighs ! adv]se negative te/imony ( ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bt1--aye1 & ( ,,ac to boot if !y 7 producible on ?is po9t8 ,h[ comes x to pass t ! two ,codexes1 ,symbol3 ,aleph & ,b1 h obta9$ su* a ma/]y--r ex]cise su* a tyranny--ov] ! imag9ation ( _m ,critics z q to ov]p[] _! practical judgem5t8 ,we h at all ev5ts e/abli%$ our fir/ proposition3 viz4 t f ! e>lie/ p]iod to :i* te/imony rea*es1 ! incid5t ( '! woman tak5 9 adult]y' occupi$ its pres5t place 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,! ,critics eag]ly rem9d u t 9 f\r cursive copies 7#ac1 #fi1 #abd1 #cdf71 ! v]ses 9 "q are f\nd tack$ on to ! end ( ,/4 ,luke xxi4 ,b h !y !n =gott5 t '^! f\r ,codexes are d]iv$ f a common ar*etype1' & !re=e repres5t "o & ! same anci5t &1 ,i may add1 corrupt copy8 ,! same ,critics are rem9d$ t 9 ! same f\r ,codexes commonly call$ ! ,f]r> ,gr\p '! agony & bloody sweat' 7,/4 ,luke xxii4 #dc1 #dd7 is f\nd ?ru/ into ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel betwe5 *4 xxvi4 #ci & #dj4 ,su* lic5ti\sness on ! "p ( a solit>y exempl> ( ! ,gospels no m affects ! prop] place ( ^! or ( ^? v]ses ?an ! sup]flu\s digits ( a c]ta9 man ( ,ga? avail to di/urb ! induction t to ei!r h& ( a human be+ app]ta9 b five f+]s1 & to ei!r foot b five toes4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ !n t z f> back z te/imony rea*es ! passage "u discussion /ood :]e x n[ /&s 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,& ?is is my fir/ position4 ,b inde$1 to be c&id1 h>dly any "o has s]i\sly call$ t fact 9 "q4 ,no1 nor d any 7except ,dr4 ,hort#faj7 d\bt t ! passage is also ( ! remote/ antiquity4 ,adv]se ,critics d b insi/ t h[ev] anci5t1 x mu/ ne$s be ( spuri\s orig93 or else t x is an aft]?\ght ( ! ,evangeli/3--conc]n+ bo? :i* imag9ations we %all h a few words to (f] by-&-by4 ,x cle>ly foll[s1--inde$ x may be said ) tru? t x only rema9s1--to inquire :at may h l$ to its s frequ5t exclusion f ! sacr$ ,text8 ,= really ! difficulty has already resolv$ itself into t4 ,& on ?is head1 x is idle to affect p]plexity4 ,9 ! e>lie/ age ( all1--! age :i* 0 famili> ) ! univ]sal decay ( hea!n virtue1 b :i* _h n yet witness$ ! p[] ( ! ,gospel to fa%ion society afre%1 & to build up dome/ic life on a new & m endur+ basis2--at a "t :5 ! greate/ laxity ( morals prevail$1 & ! enemies ( ! ,gospel 7 kn[n to be on ! look out = gr\nds ( cavil aga9/ ,*ri/ianity & its ,au?or2--:at wond] if "s 7 f\nd to remove ! p]icope de adult]a f _! copies1 le/ x %\ld be plead$ 9 ext5uation ( brea*es ( ! sev5? comm&m5t8 ,! v subject-matt]1 ,i say1 ( ,/4 ,john viii4 #c-aa w\ld suffici5tly acc\nt = ! occasional omission ( ^? n9e v]ses4 ,moral consid]ations abundantly expla9 :at is f\nd to h "h & !re happ5$4 ,b 9 fact ?is is n a m]e conjecture ( my own4 ,x is ! reason assign$ by ,augu/9e = ! erasure ( ^! twelve v]ses f _m copies ( ! ,gospel#faa4 ,ambrose1 a qu>t] ( a c5tury e>li]1 _h cle>ly intimat$ t dang] 0 popul>ly appreh5d$ f ?is qu>t]#fab3 :ile ,nicon1 five c5turies lat]1 /ates pla9ly t ! mis*iev\s t5d5cy ( ! n>rative 0 ! cause :y x _h be5 expung$ f ! ,arm5ian v]sion#fac4 ,accord+ly1 j a few ,greek copies are /ill to be f\nd mutilat$ 9 respect ( ^? n9e v]ses only4 ,b 9 fact ! indications are n a few t all ! twelve v]ses "u discussion did n by any means lab\r "u ! same degree ( disrepute4 ,! fir/ ?ree 7z ,i %ew$ at ! outset7 cle>ly belong to a diff]5t category f ! la/ n9e1--a circum/ance :i* has be5 too mu* ov]look$4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ! meantime = an obvi\s reason _h made *oice ( ,/4 ,john vii4 #cg-viii4 #ab--! great] "p ( :i* is cle>ly descriptive ( :at happ5$ at ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles--= h] ,p5teco/al lesson3 & judg$ x exp$i5t1 besides omitt+ z inappropriate to ! occasion ! incid5t ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y1 to ignore also ! ?ree prec$+ v]ses2--mak+ ! sev]ance beg91 9 fact1 z f> back z ! end ( *4 vii4 #eb4 ,! reason = ?is is pla94 ,9 ?is way ! allusion to a c]ta9 dep>ture at night1 & return e>ly next morn+ 7,/4 ,john vii4 #ec3 viii4 #a71 0 avoid$1 :i* entirely m>r$ ! effect ( ! lection z ! hi/ory ( a day ( great & special solemnity1--'! great day ( ! ,fea/4' ,& ?us x happ5s t ! gospel = ! day ( ,p5teco/ 0 made to proce$ directly f ',se>* & look3 = out ( ,galilee arise? no prophet1' 9 *4 vii4 #eb1--to ',!n spake ,jesus unto !m1 say+1 ,i am ! light ( ! _w1' 9 *4 viii4 #ab2 ) :i* x ends4 ,9 o!r words1 an omission :i* ow$ its beg9n+ to a moral scruple 0 ev5tually ext5d$ = a liturgical consid]ation2 & result$ 9 sev]+ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel--*4 vii4 #ec to viii4 #aa--;f _! lawful context4 ,we may n[ proce$ to ! consid]ation ( my second proposition1 :i* is 7#b7 ,t by ! v con/ruction ( h] ,lection>y1 ! ,*ur* 9 h] corporate capacity & (ficial "* has solemnly recognis$ ! n>rative 9 "q z an integral "p ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 & z /&+ 9 its traditional place1 f an exce$+ly remote "t4 ,take into y\r h&s at r&om ! fir/ ,,ms4 copy ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel :i* pres5ts itself1 & turn to ! place 9 "q4 ,nay1 ,i w in/ance all ! f\r ,evangelia :i* ,i call m9e1--all ! sev5te5 :i* belong to ,"l ,z\*1--all ! ?irty-n9e :i* ,b>oness ,burdett-,c\tts import$ f ,epirus 9 #ahgj-b4 ,n[ all ^! copies--7& ne>ly ea* ( !m repres5ts a diff]5t l9e ( ance/ry7--are f\nd to conta9 ! v]ses 9 "q4 ,h[ did ! v]ses ev] get !re8 ,b ! mo/ extraord9>y circum/ance ( ! case is beh9d4 ,"s out ( ! ,evangelia ref]r$ to are obs]v$ to h be5 prep>$ = ecclesia/ical use3 9 o!r words1 are s rubricat$ ?r\gh\t z to %ew :]e1 e sep>ate lection _h its 'beg9n+' 7,greek3 ar*71 & :]e its 'end' 7,greek3 telos74 ,& "s ( ^! lections are made up ( disjo9t$ portions ( ! ,gospel4 ,?us1 ! lection = ,:itsunday is f\nd to h ext5d$ f ,/4 ,john vii4 #cg to ,/4 ,john viii4 #ab2 beg9n+ at ! words ,greek3 t es*at hm]a t megal1 & end+--,greek3 to phs ts zs3 b ov]-leap+ ! twelve v]ses n[ "u discussion3 viz4 vii4 #ec to viii4 #aa4 ,accord+ly1 ! ^w 'ov]-leap' 7,greek3 hyp]ba7 is writt5 9 all ! copies aft] vii4 #eb1--:]eby ! read]1 hav+ read on to ! end ( t v]se1 0 direct$ to skip all t foll[$ d[n to ! words ,greek3 kai mketi ham>tane 9 *4 viii4 #aa3 aft] :i* he f\nd himself in/ruct$ to 'recomm5ce' 7,greek3 arxai74 ,aga9 ,i ask 7& ?is "t does n ! riddle admit ( only "o solution871--,:5 & h[ does ! read] suppose t ! n>rative ( '! woman tak5 9 adult]y' fir/ f\nd its way into ! middle ( ! lesson = ,p5teco/8 ,i pause = an answ]3 ,i %all p]=ce be told t x nev] 'f\nd its way' into ! lection at all3 b hav+ once crept into ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 h[ev] t may h be5 effect$1 & e/abli%$ itself !re1 x left ^? anci5t m5 :o devis$ ! ,*ur*'s ,lection>y )\t *oice4 ,!y c\ld b direct its omission1 & employ = t purpose ! e/abli%$ liturgical =mula 9 all simil> cases4 ,b fir/1--,h[ is x t ^? :o w\ld reject ! n>rative are n /ruck by ! ess5tial fooli%ness ( suppos+ t twelve fabricat$ v]ses1 purport+ to be an integral "p ( ! f\r? ,gospel1 c h s firmly e/abli%$ !mselves 9 e "p ( ,*ri/5dom f ! second c5tury d[nw>ds1 t !y h long s9ce become simply in]adicable8 ,did ! ,*ur* !n1 pro hac vice1 abdicate h] function ( be+ 'a witness & a keep] ( ,holy ,writ'8 ,0 %e all ( a sudd5 =sak5 by ! inspir+ ,_s1 :o1 z %e 0 promis$1 %\ld 'guide h] into all ,tru?'8 ,& has %e be5 all d[n ! ages guid$ into ! griev\s error ( imput+ to ! disciple :om ,jesus lov$ a n>rative ( :i* he knew no?+8 ,=1 z ,i rem>k$ at ! outset1 ?is is n m]ely an assimilat$ expression1 or an unau?oriz$ nom9ative1 or a weakly-support$ clause1 or any su* trifl+ ?+4 ,al?\gh be x rem>k$ 9 pass+1 ,i am n aw>e ( a s+le su* trifl+ excresc5ce :i* we are n able at once to detect & to remove4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is is n at all a "q1 l ! re/1 ab\t ! g5u9e text ( a passage4 ,our inquiry is ( an ess5tially diff]5t k9d1 viz4 ,are ^! twelve consecutive v]ses ,scripture at all1 or n8 ,div9e or human8 ,:i*8 ,!y claim by _! v /ructure & cont5ts to be an integral "p ( ! ,gospel4 ,& su* a s]i\s accession to ! ,deposit1 ,i insi/1 c nei!r h 'crept into' ! ,text1 nor h 'crept out' ( x4 ,! ?+ is unexampl$1--is unapproa*$1--is impossible4 ,above all1--7! read] is entreat$ to give ! subject 8 su/a9$ att5tion71--,is x n p]ceiv$ t ! admission involv$ 9 ! hypo!sis be=e u is fatal to any rational pret5ce t ! passage is ( spuri\s orig98 ,we h got back 9 ?\ght at lea/ to ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury ( our era4 ,we are among ! ,fa!rs & ,doctors ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* 9 conf]5ce assembl$3 & !y are det]m9+ :at %all be ! ,gospel = ! great ,fe/ival ( ,p5teco/4 ',x %all beg9' 7say !y7 'at ! ?irty-sev5? v]se ( ,/4 ,john vii1 & conclude ) ! twelf? v]se ( ,/4 ,john viii4 ,b s mu* ( x z relates to ! break+ up ( ! ,sanh$r91--to ! )drawal ( our ,"l to ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1--& to ,8 return next morn+ to ! ,temple1--_h bett] n be read4 ,x di/urbs ! unity ( ! n>rative4 ,s also _h ! incid5t ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y bett] n be read4 ,x is inappropriate to ! ,p5teco/al ,fe/ival4' ,! ,au?ors ( ! great ,ori5tal ,liturgy !re=e admit t !y f9d ! disput$ v]ses 9 _! copies3 & ?us !y v\* = _! g5u95ess4 ,= none w d\bt t1 _h !y reg>d$ !m z a spuri\s accretion to ! inspir$ page1 !y w\ld h said s pla9ly4 ,nor c x be d5i$ t if 9 _! corporate capacity !y _h disall[$ ^! twelve v]ses1 su* an au?oritative condemnation w\ld mo/ c]ta9ly h result$ 9 ! p]petual exclusion f ! ,sacr$ ,text ( ! "p ( ^! v]ses :i* 0 actually adopt$ z a ,lection4 ,:at /rong] te/imony on ! contr>y c be imag9$ to ! g5u95ess ( any giv5 portion ( ! ev]la/+ ,gospel ?an t x %\ld h be5 canoniz$ or recogniz$ z "p ( ,inspir$ ,scripture by ! collective wisdom ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury8 ,& no "o may reg>d x z a suspici\s circum/ance t ! pres5t ,p5teco/al lection has be5 ?us maim$ & mutilat$ 9 respect ( twelve ( its v]ses4 ,!re is no?+ at all extraord9>y 9 ! treatm5t :i* ,/4 ,john vii4 #cg-viii4 #ab has "h exp]i5c$4 ,! ph5om5on is ev5 ( p]petual recurr5ce 9 ! ,lection>y ( ! ,ea/1--z w be f\nd expla9$ bel[#fad4 ,p]mit me to suppose t1 betwe5 ! ,treasury & ,:itehall1 ! remote desc5dant ( "s ,saxon ?ane occupi$ a small t5em5t & g>d5 :i* /ood 9 ! v middle ( ! ample highway4 ,suppose fur!r1 ! prop]ty !reab\ts be+ ,gov]nm5t prop]ty1 t ! road on ei!r side ( ?is e/ate _h be5 measur$ a hundr$ times1 & jeal\sly wat*$1 ev] s9ce ,we/m9/] became ,we/m9/]4 ,well1 an act ( ,p>liam5t might no d\bt compel ! suppos$ proprietor ( ?is s+ul> e/ate to surr5d] 8 patrimony2 b ,i submit t no gov]nm5t lawy] w\ld ev] ?9k ( sett+ up ! plea t ! own] ( t peculi> /rip ( l& 0 an impo/or4 ,! man might h no title-de$s to produce1 to be sure2 b c\nsel = ! def5dant w\ld plead t nei!r did he require any4 ',?is man's title' 7c\nsel w\ld say7 'is--occupation = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,8 evid5ces are--! all[ance ( ! ,/ate ?r\gh\t t long int]val4 ,e procession to ,/4 ,/eph5's--e procession to ! ,abbey--has swept by def5dant's prop]ty--on ?is side ( x & on t1--s9ce ! days ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor4 ,& if my cli5t refuses to quit ! soil1 ,i defy y--except by viol5ce--to get rid ( him4' ,9 ?is way !n x is t ! te/imony borne to ^! v]ses by ! ,lection>y ( ! ,ea/ proves to be ( ! mo/ opportune & conv9c+ "*4 ,! c>eful provision made = pass+ by ! twelve v]ses 9 dispute3--! m9ute directions :i* f5ce ^? twelve v]ses (f on ?is side & on t1 directions issu$ we may be sure by ! highe/ ,ecclesia/ical au?ority1 because recogniz$ 9 e "p ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1--n only e/abli% !m effectually 9 _! rightful place1 b 7:at is at lea/ ( equal importance7 fully expla9 ! adv]se ph5om5a :i* are o/5tati\sly p>ad$ by adv]se critics2 & :i*1 until ! clue has be5 suppli$1 are calculat$ to mislead ! judgem5t4 ,= n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 x becomes abundantly pla9 :y ,*ryso/om & ,cyril1 9 publicly comm5t+ on ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 pass /raight f *4 vii4 #eb to *4 viii4 #ab4 ,( c\rse !y d4 ,:y %\ld !y1--h[ c\ld !y1--comm5t on :at 0 n publicly read be=e ! congregation8 ,! same ?+ is relat$ 79 a well-kn[n 's*olium'7 to h be5 done by ,apol9>ius & ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia4 ,orig5 also1 = aught ,i c>e1--?\gh ! adv]se critics h no "r to claim him1 see+ t 8 comm5t>y on all t "p ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel is lo/2--b ,orig5's "n1 z ,i 0 say+1 = aught ,i c>e1 may be add$ to ^? :o did ! same ?+4 ,a triumphant refutation ( ! propos$ inf]5ce f ! sil5ce ( ^! _m ,fa!rs is furni%$ by ! s+le fact t ,!ophylact mu/ also be add$ to _! numb]4 ,!ophylact1 ,i say1 ignores ! p]icope de adult]a--passes x by1 ,i mean1--exactly z d ,*ryso/om & ,cyril4 ,b w any "o pret5d t ,!ophylact1--writ+ 9 ,a4,d4 #ajgg1--;did n "k ( ,/4 ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa8 ,:y1 9 n9ete5 out ( e tw5ty copies )9 8 rea*1 ! :ole ( ^? twelve v]ses mu/ h be5 to be f\nd4 ,! propos$ inf]5ce f ! sil5ce ( c]ta9 ( ! ,fa!rs is !re=e invalid4 ,! argum5t e sil5tio--always an insecure argum5t1--proves inapplicable 9 ?is p>ticul> case4 ,:5 ! antec$5t facts h be5 once expla9$1 all ! subsequ5t ph5om5a become intelligible4 ,b a m effectual & satisfactory reply to ! difficulty occasion$ by ! g5]al sil5ce ( ! ,fa!rs1 rema9s to be (f]$4 ,!re und]lies ! appeal to ,patri/ic au?ority an op9ion1--n express$ inde$1 yet consci\sly ent]ta9$ by u all1--:i* 9 fact gives ! appeal all its weight & cog5cy1 & :i* mu/ n[ by all means be br\ght to ! front4 ,! fact t ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* 7 n only h] ,doctors & ,tea*]s1 b also ! liv+ voices by :i* alone h] m9d c\ld be proclaim$ to ! _w1 & by :i* h] decrees us$ to be au?oritatively promulgat$2--?is fact1 ,i say1 x is :i* makes _! words1 :5ev] !y deliv] !mselves1 s v important3 _! approval1 if !y approve1 s weighty2 _! condemnation1 if !y condemn1 s fatal4 ,b !n1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 !y d n condemn4 ,!y nei!r approve nor condemn4 ,!y simply say no?+4 ,!y are sil5t3 & 9 :at prec$es1 ,i h expla9$ ! reason :y4 ,we wi% x _h be5 o!rwise4 ,we w\ld give a great deal to p]suade ^? anci5t oracles to speak on ! subject ( ^! twelve v]ses3 b !y are all b inexorably sil5t4 ,nay1 ,i am ov]/at+ ! case aga9/ myself4 ,two ( ! greate/ ,fa!rs 7,augu/9e & ,ambrose7 actually d utt] a few words2 & !y are to ! effect t ! v]ses are und\bt$ly g5u9e3--',be x kn[n to all m5' 7!y say7 't ?is passage is g5u9e3 b ! nature ( its subject-matt] has at once procur$ its ejection f ,,mss41 & result$ 9 ! sil5ce ( ,comm5tators4' ,! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,fa!rs 9 addition practically endorses ! passage2 = ,j]ome n only leaves x /&+ 9 ! ,vulgate :]e he f\nd x 9 ! ,old ,lat9 v]sion1 b relates t x 0 support$ by ,greek z well z ,lat9 au?orities4 ,to proce$ h[ev] ) :at ,i 0 ab\t to say4 ,x is ! au?oritative s5t5ce ( ! ,*ur* !n on ?is difficult subject t we desid]ate4 ,we resort$ to ! ,fa!rs = t3 int5d+ to reg>d any quotations ( !irs1 h[ev] brief1 z _! practical endorsem5t ( all ! twelve v]ses3 to inf] f _! g5]al recognition ( ! passage1 t ! ,*ur* 9 h] collective capacity accept$ x likewise4 ,z ,i h %ewn1 ! ,fa!rs decl9e1 almo/ to a man1 to return any answ]4 ,b1--,are we !n )\t ! ,*ur*'s au?oritative guidance on ?is subject8 ,= ?is1 ,i repeat1 is ! only ?+ ( :i* we are 9 se>*4 ,x 0 only 9 ord] to get at ?is t we adopt$ ! labori\s exp$i5t ( wat*+ = ! casual utt]ances ( any ( ! giants ( old "t4 ,are we1 ,i say1 left )\t ! ,*ur*'s op9ion8 ,n s1 ,i answ]4 ,! rev]se is ! tru?4 ,! great ,ea/]n ,*ur* speaks out on ?is subject 9 a voice ( ?und]4 ,9 all h] ,patri>*ates1 z f> back z ! writt5 records ( h] practice rea*1--& !y rea* back to ! "t ( ^? v ,fa!rs ^: sil5ce we felt to be emb>rass+1--! ,ea/]n ,*ur* has select$ n9e out ( ^! twelve v]ses to be ! special lesson = ,octob] #h4 ,a m significant circum/ance x w\ld be impossible to adduce 9 evid5ce4 ,any pret5ce to fa/5 a *>ge ( spuri\sness on a portion ( ,scripture s s+l$ out by ! ,*ur* = hon\r1 7 no?+ else b mon/r\s4 ,x w\ld be 9 fact to raise q a di/9ct issue3 viz4 to inquire :at am\nt ( respect is due to ! ,*ur*'s au?ority 9 det]m9+ ! au!nticity ( ,scripture8 ,i appeal n to an op9ion1 b to a fact3 & t fact is1 t ?\gh ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* = a v suffici5t reason are v ne>ly sil5t on ! subject ( ^! twelve v]ses1 ! ,*ur* h]self has spok5 ) a voice ( au?ority s l\d t none c affect n to he> x3 s pla91 t x _c possibly be misund]/ood4 ,& let me n be told t ,i am h]eby sett+ up ! ,lection>y z ! true /&>d ( appeal = ! ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t3 /ill less let me be suspect$ ( *>g+ on ! collective body ( ! fai?ful :atev] irregul>ities are discov]able 9 ! ,codexes :i* 7 employ$ = ! public read+ ( ,scripture4 ,su* a suspicion c\ld only be ent]ta9$ by "o :o has hi!rto fail$ to appreh5d ! precise po9t j n[ "u consid]ation4 ,we are n exam9+ ! text ( ,/4 ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa4 ,we are only discuss+ :e!r ^? twelve v]ses en bloc are to be reg>d$ z an integral "p ( ! f\r? ,gospel1 or z a spuri\s accretion to x4 ,& t is a po9t on :i* ! ,*ur* 9 h] corporate "* mu/ ne$s be compet5t to pron\nce2 & 9 respect ( :i* h] v]dict mu/ ne$s be decisive4 ,%e deliv]$ h] v]dict 9 fav\r ( ^! twelve v]ses1 rememb]1 at a "t :5 h] copies ( ! ,gospels 7 ( papyrus z well z 'old uncials' on vellum4--,nay1 be=e 'old uncials' on vellum 7 at lea/ 9 any g5]al use4 ,true1 t ! transcrib]s ( ,lection>ies h prov$ !mselves j z liable to error z ! m5 :o transcrib$ ,evangelia4 ,b !n1 x is incr$ible t ^? m5 =g$ ! ,gospel = ,/4 ,pelagia's day3 impossible1 if x 7 a =g]y1 t ! ,*ur* %\ld h adopt$ x4 ,& x is ! significancy ( ! ,*ur* hav+ adopt$ ! p]icope de adult]a z ! lection = ,octob] #h1 :i* has nev] yet be5 suffici5tly att5d$ to3 & :i* ,i defy ! ,critics to acc\nt = on any hypo!sis b "o3 viz4 t ! p]icope 0 recogniz$ by ! anci5t ,ea/]n ,*ur* z an integral "p ( ! ,gospel4 ,n[ :5 to ?is has be5 add$ :at is impli$ 9 ! rubrical direction t a c]emoni\s respect %\ld be %ewn to ! ,fe/ival ( ,p5teco/ by dropp+ ! twelve v]ses1 ,i submit t ,i h fully e/abli%$ my second position1 viz4 ,t by ! v con/ruction ( h] ,lection>y ! ,*ur* 9 h] corporate capacity & (ficial "* has solemnly recogniz$ ! n>rative 9 "q1 z an integral "p ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 & z /&+ 9 its traditional place1 f an exce$+ly remote "t4 ,=1--7,i entreat ! c&id read]'s su/a9$ att5tion71--! circum/ances ( ! pres5t problem altoge!r refuse to accommodate !mselves to any hypo!sis ( a spuri\s orig9al = ^! v]ses2 z ,i proce$ to %ew4 ,repair 9 ?\ght to any collection ( ,,mss4 y please2 suppose to ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,reque/ to be %ewn _! sev5ty-?ree copies ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 & turn to ! close ( 8 sev5? *apt]4 ,at t p>ticul> place y w f9d1 9 sixty-"o ( ^! copies1 ^! twelve v]ses3 & 9 ?irty-five ( !m y w discov]1 aft] ! words ,greek3 ,prophts ek ts ,galilaias ouk eg4 a rubrical note to ! effect t 'on ,:itsunday1 ^! twelve v]ses are to be dropp$2 & ! read] is to g on at *4 viii4 #ab4' ,:at c be ! mean+ ( ?is respectful treatm5t ( ! ,p]icope 9 "q8 ,h[ c x ev] h come to pass t x has be5 ?us c]emoni\sly h&l$ all d[n ! ages8 ,surely on no possible view ( ! matt] b "o c ! ph5om5on j n[ describ$ be acc\nt$ =4 ,else1 w any "o gravely pret5d to tell me t at "s indef9itely remote p]iod1 7#a7 ,^! v]ses 7 fabricat$3 7#b7 ,7 ?ru/ into ! place !y at pres5t occupy 9 ! sacr$ text3 7#c7 ,7 unsuspect+ly believ$ to be g5u9e by ! ,*ur*2 & 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y 7 at once pass$ ov] by h] direction on ,:itsunday z incongru\s1 & appo9t$ by ! ,*ur* to be read on ,octob] #h1 z appropriate to ! occasion8 7#c7 ,b fur!r4 ,h[ is x propos$ to expla9 :y "o ( ,/4 ,john's aft]-?\ghts %\ld h f>$ s badly at ! ,*ur*'s h&s2--ano!r1 s well8 ,i f9d x sugge/$ t p]haps ! subject-matt] may suffici5tly acc\nt = all t has happ5$ to ! p]icope de adult]a3 ,& s x may1 no d\bt4 ,b !n1 once admit ?is1 & ! hypo!sis "u consid]ation becomes simply nugatory3 fails ev5 to t\* ! difficulty :i* x pr(esses to remove4 ,= if m5 7 capable ( ?9k+ scorn ( ^! twelve v]ses :5 !y f\nd !m 9 ! 'second & improv$ edition ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1' :y may !y n h be5 j z irrev]5t 9 respect ( ! same v]ses1 :5 !y appe>$ 9 ! fir/ edition8 ,h[ is x "o :it m probable t e ,greek ,fa!r = a ?\s& ye>s %\ld h sy/ematically ov]look$ ! twelve v]ses 9 dispute :5 !y appe>$ 9 ! second edition ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 ?an t ! same ,fa!rs %\ld h done ! same ?+ :5 !y appe>$ 9 ! fir/#fae8 7#d7 ,b ! hypo!sis is gratuit\s & nugatory3 = x has be5 inv5t$ 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! ph5om5on t :]eas twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel are f\nd 9 ! l>ge majority ( ! lat] ,copies1--! same v]ses are obs]v$ to be abs5t f all b "o ( ! five olde/ ,codexes4 ,b h[1 7,i wi% to be in=m$17 is t hypo!sis suppos$ to squ>e ) ^! ph5om5a8 ,x _c be meant t ! 'second edition' ( ,/4 ,john did n come abroad until aft] ,codd4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,abct 7 writt58 ,= we "k t ! old ,italic v]sion 7a docum5t ( ! second c5tury7 conta9s all ! ?ree portions ( n>rative :i* are claim$ = ! second edition4 ,b if ?is is n meant1 x is pla9 t "s fur!r hypo!sis mu/ be inv5t$ 9 ord] to expla9 :y c]ta9 ,greek ,,mss4 ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies are )\t ! v]ses 9 dispute4 ,& ?is fre% hypo!sis w r5d] t "u consid]ation 7z ,i said7 nugatory & %ew t x 0 gratuit\s4 ,:at *iefly (f5ds me h[ev] 9 ?is extraord9>y sugge/ion is its irrev]5ce4 ,x assumes t ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,john 0 compos$ l any ord9>y mod]n book3 capable !re=e ( be+ improv$ 9 ! second edition1 by rec5sion1 addition1 omission1 retractation1 or :at n4 ,= we may n presume to limit ! *anges effect$ 9 a second edition4 ,& yet ! true ,au?or ( ! ,gospel is confess$ly ,god ! ,holy ,gho/3 & ,i "k ( no reason = suppos+ t ,8 works are imp]fect :5 !y proce$ =? f ,8 ,h&s4 ,! cog5cy ( :at prec$es has 9 fact weigh$ s p[]fully ) ?\ghtful & le>n$ ,div9es t !y h felt !mselves con/ra9$1 z _! la/ res\rce1 to ca/ ab\t = "s hypo!sis :i* %all at once acc\nt = ! abs5ce ( ^! v]ses f s _m copies ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 & yet reta9 !m = _! rightful own] & au?or1--,/4 ,john4 ,s+ul> to relate1 ! assumption :i* has be/ approv$ itself to _! judgem5t has be51 t !re mu/ h exi/$ two editions ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1--! e>li] edition )\t1 ! lat] edition )1 ! incid5t "u discussion4 ,x is ,i presume1 9 ord] to conciliate fav\r to ?is s+ul> hypo!sis1 t x has be5 fur!r propos$ to reg>d ,/4 ,john v4 #c1 #d & ! :ole ( ,/4 ,john xxi1 7besides ,/4 ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa71 z aft]-?\ghts ( ! ,evangeli/4 #a4 ,b ?is is unreasonable3 = no?+ else b ! abs5ce ( ,/4 ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa1 f s _m copies ( ! ,gospel has con/ra9$ ! ,critics to reg>d ^? v]ses ) suspicion4 ,:]eas1 on ! contr>y1 !re is n kn[n to exi/ a copy 9 ! _w :i* omits s mu* z a s+le v]se ( *ap4 xxi4 ,:y !n are we to assume t ! :ole ( t *apt] 0 away f ! orig9al draft ( ! ,gospel8 ,:]e is ! evid5ce = s extravagant an assumption8 #b4 ,s1 conc]n+ ,/4 ,john v4 #c1 #d3 to :i* !re really atta*es no mann] ( d\bt1 z ,i h else:]e %ewn#faf4 ,?irty-two preci\s words 9 t place are inde$ omitt$ by ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc3 tw5ty-sev5 by ,d4 ,b by ?is "t ! read] kn[s :at degree ( importance is to be atta*$ to su* an am\nt ( evid5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y are f\nd 9 all o!r copies3 are v\*$ = by ! ,syriac#fag & ! ,lat9 v]sions3 9 ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions1 by ,*ryso/om1 ,cyril1 ,didymus1 & ,ammonius1 among ! ,greeks1--by ,t]tullian1 ,ambrose1 ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e among ! ,lat9s4 ,:y a passage s atte/$ is to be assum$ to be an aft]-?\ght ( ! ,evangeli/ has nev] yet be5 expla9$3 no1 nor ev] w be4 7#e7 ,assum+1 h[ev]1 j = a mom5t ! hypo!sis correct = argum5t's sake1 viz4 t 9 ! second edition ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel ! hi/ory ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y appe>$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,invite ! au?ors ( t hypo!sis to consid] :at foll[s4 ,! discov]y t five out ( six ( ! olde/ uncials extant 7to reckon "h ! fragm5t ,t7 are )\t ! v]ses 9 "q2 :i* yet are conta9$ 9 n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ ( ! despis$ cursives3--:at o!r inf]5ce c be drawn f su* premisses1 b t ! cursives =tifi$ by o!r evid5ce are by f> ! m tru/wor?y witnesses ( :at ,/4 ,john 9 8 old age actually entru/$ to ! ,*ur*'s keep+8 ,! ,,ms4 "h leaves (f1 except t a few p5cill$ words are add$ 9 an incomplete =m4 ,i h be5 afraid to f9i% s clev] & *>act]i/ic an essay4 ,,footnotes3 #egf ,comp>e #a ,sam4 xxiv4 #bb3--';,& ,saul w5t home3 b ,david & 8 m5 gat !m up into ! hold4' #a ,k+s xviii4 #db3--',s ,ahab w5t up to eat & to dr9k3 & ,elijah w5t up to ! top ( ,c>mel1 & he ca/ himself d[n ^u ! e>?1 & put 8 face betwe5 8 knees4' ,e/h] iii4 #ae3--';,& ! k+ & ,haman sat d[n to dr9k2 b ! city ( ,%u%an 0 p]plex$4' ,su* are ! idioms ( ! ,bible4 #egg ,ammonius 7,cord4 ,cat4 p4 #baf71 ) evid5t ref]5ce to x1 rem>ks t our ,"l's words 9 v]ses #cg & #ch 7 int5d$ z a viaticum :i* all might take home ) !m1 at ! close ( ?is1 '! la/1 ! great day ( ! fea/4' #egh ,s ,eusebius3--- ,greek3 ,ote kata to auto syna*!ntes hoi tn ,i\dain e?n\s ar*ontes epi ts ,hi]\salm1 syn$rion epoisanto kai skeps9 ops auton apoless9 en h hoi m5 ?anaton aut\ katepsphisanto2 het]oi de antelegon1 s ho ,nikodmos1 k4t4l4 79 ,psalmos1 p4 #bcj a74 #egi ,we/cott & ,hort's prefatory matt] 7#ahgj7 to _! revis$ ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 p4 xxvii4 #ehj ,s 9 ! ,,lxx4 ,see ,num4 v4 #aa-ca4 #eha ,v]4 #ag4 ,s ! ,,lxx4 #ehb #b ,cor4 iv4 #g3 v4 #a4 #ehc ,comp>e *4 vi4 #f1 #ga3 vii4 #ci3 xi4 #ac1 #ea3 xii4 #f1 #cc3 xiii4 #aa1 #bh3 xxi4 #ai4 #ehd ,consid] *4 xix4 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb3 xx4 #cj1 #ca3 xxi4 #bd1 #be4--a ,john i4 #d3 ii4 #a1 #g1 #h1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ba1 #bf3 v4 #ac4--b ,john #e1 #ab4--c ,john #i1 #ac4--,rev4 passim1 especially i4 #aa1 #ai3 ii4 #a1 c43 x4 #d3 xiv4 #ac3 xvii4 #h3 xix4 #i3 xx4 #ab1 #ae3 xxi4 #e1 #bg3 xxii4 #ah1 #ai4 #ehe ,we/cott & ,hort1 ibid4 pp4 xxvii1 xxvi4 #ehf ,novum ,te/am5tum1 #ahfi1 p4 #hbi4 #ehg ,pla9 ,introduction1 #ahid1 ii4 #cfd4 #ehh ,pr9t$ ,texts1 #ahed1 p4 #cda4 #ehi ,develop$ ,criticism1 p4 #hb4 #eij ,outl9es1 c41 p4 #ajc4 #eia ,ni*olson's ,gospel accord+ to ! ,hebrews1 p4 #ada4 #eib ,scriv5]1 ut supra1 ii4 #cfh4 #eic ,i ins]t ?is epi!t on suffici5t au?ority4 ,mr4 ,edw4 ,a4 ,guy1 an intellig5t "y ,am]ican1--himself a v accurate obs]v] & a compet5t judge1--collat$ a consid]able "p ( ,cod4 ,a 9 #ahge1 & assur$ me t he sc>cely ev] f\nd any discrepancy betwe5 ! ,codex & ,woide's repr9t4 ,"o in/ance ( italicism 0 9 fact all t _h be5 ov]look$ 9 ! c\rse ( _m pages4 #eid ,x is inaccurate also4 ,8 five l9es conta9 eight mi/akes4 ,praefat4 p4 xxx1 #hf4 #eie ii4 #fcj1 address+ ,ruf9us1 ,a4,d4 #djc4 ,also ii4 #gdh-i4 #eif i4 #bia1 #fib1 #gjg1 #acfg3 ii4 #ffh1 #hid1 #ajhb3 iii4 #hib-c1 #hif-g4 #eig i4 #cj3 ii4 #ebg1 #ebi-cj3 iii#a4 #ggd3 iii#b4 #aeh1 #ahc1 #eca-b 7:]e he quotes ! place l>gely & comm5ts ^u x73 iv4 #adi1 #dff 7l>gely quot$71 #aabj3 v4 #hj1 #abcj 7l>gely quot$ 9 bo? places73 vi4 #djg1 #dac3 viii4 #cgg1 #egd4 #eih ,pacian 7,a4,d4 #cgb7 ref]s ! ,novations to ! n>rative z some?+ :i* all m5 knew4 ',nolite 9 ,evangelio leg]e quod pep]c]it ,dom9us etiam adult]ae confit5ti1 quam nemo damn>at8' ,pacianus1 ,op4 ,epi/4 iii4 ,contr4 ,novat4 7,a4,d4 #cgb74 ,ap4 ,gall&4 vii4 #bfg4 #eii ,ap4 ,augu/94 viii4 #dfc4 #fjj ,9 8 translation ( ,eusebius4 ,ni*olson1 p4 #ec4 #fja ,*rysologus1 ,a4,d4 #dcc1 ,abp4 ( ,rav5na4 ,v5et4 #agdb4 ,he my/ically expla9s ! entire incid5t4 ,s]m4 cxv4 #e4 #fjb ,s$ulius 7,a4,d4 #dce7 makes x ! subject ( a poem1 & devotes a :ole *apt] to x4 ,ap4 ,gall&4 ix4 #eec & #eij4 #fjc ',promiss4' ,de ,promissionibus dimid4 temp4 7saec4 iv74 ,quotes viii4 #d1 #e1 #i4 ,p4 #b1 c4 #bb1 col4 #adg b4 ,ignot4 ,auct41 ,de ,vocatione omnium ,g5tium 7circa1 ,a4,d4 #ddj71 ap4 ,opp4 ,prosp]4 ,aquit4 7#aghb71 i4 p4 #dfj-a3--';,adult]am ex legis con/itutione lapid&am 444 lib]avit 444 cum executores praecepti de consci5tiis t]riti1 trem5tem ream sub illius iudicio reliquiss5t4444 ,et incl9atus1 id e/ ad humana dimissus 444 digito scribebat 9 t]ram1 ut legem m&atorum p] gratiae decreta vacu>et1' c4 #fjd ,wrongly ascrib$ to ,idacius4 #fje ,gelasius ,p4 ,a4,d4 #dib4 ,conc4 iv4 #abce4 ,quotes viii4 #c1 #g1 #aj1 #aa4 #fjf ,cassiodorus1 ,a4,d4 #ead4 ,v5et4 #agbi4 ,quotes viii4 #aa4 ,see ii4 p4 #if1 #c1 #e-ahj4 #fjg ,dialogues1 xiv4 #ae4 #fjh ii4 #gdh3--;,9 evangelio secundum ,ioannem 9 multis et ,graecis et ,lat9is codicibus inv5itur de adult]a muli]e1 quae accusata e/ apud ,dom9um4 #fji ,greek3 h5os heka/\ autn tas ham>tias4 ,ev4 #ie1 #dj1 #dh1 #fd1 #gc1 #ajj1 #abb1 #abg1 #adb1 #bcd1 #bfd1 #bfg1 #bgd1 #dcc1 #aae1 #aba1 #fjd1 #gcf4 #faj ,app5dix1 p4 #hh4 #faa vi4 #djg3--,s$ hoc videlicet infidelium s5sus exhorret1 ita ut nonnulli modicae fidei vel potius inimici v]ae fidei1 7cr$o metu5tes pecc&i impunitatem d>i muli]ibus suis71 illud quod de adult]ae indulg5tia ,dom9us fecit1 auf]r5t de codicibus suis3 quasi p]missionem pecc&i tribu]it qui dixit1 ',iam de9ceps noli pecc>e2' aut ideo non debu]it muli] a m$ico ,deo illius peccati remissione san>i1 ne (f5d]5tur insani4 ,de coniug4 adult4 ii4 cap4 #g4 i4 #gjg3--;,=tasse non m$iocrem scrupulum mov]e potuit imp]itis ,evangelii lectio1 quae decursa e/1 9 quo adv]ti/is adult]am ,*ri/o oblatam1 eamque s9e damnatione dimissam4 ,nam pr(ecto si quis en auribus accipiat otiosis1 inc5tivum erroris incurrit1 cum leget quod ,deus c5su]it adult]ium non esse damn&um4 #fab ,epi/4 #eh4 ,quid scribebat8 nisi illud ,propheticum 7,j]4 xxii4 #bi-cj71 ,t]ra1 t]ra1 scribe hos vivos abdicatos4 #fac ,con/t4 ,app4 7,g54 94 #di74 ,nicon 7,g54 iii4 #bej74 ,i am n c]ta9 ab\t ^! two ref]5ces4 #fad ,two preci\s v]ses 7viz4 ! =ty-?ird & =ty-f\r?7 us$ to be omitt$ f ! lection = ,tuesday be=e ,qu9quagesima1--viz4 ,/4 ,luke xxii4 #ci-xxiii4 #a4 ,! lection = ! prec$+ ,sabba? 7viz4 ,/4 ,luke xxi4 #h-cf7 consi/$ ( only ! foll[+ v]ses1--v]4 #h1 #i1 #be-bg1 #cc-cf4 ,all ! re/ 7viz4 v]ses #aj-bd & #bh-cb7 0 omitt$4 ,on ! ensu+ ,?ursday1 ,/4 ,luke xxiii 0 h&l$ 9 a simil> /yle3 viz4 v]4 #a-ca1 #cc1 #dd-ef alone 7 read1--all ! o!r v]ses be+ left out4 ,on ! fir/ ,sabba? aft] ,p5teco/ 7,all ,sa9ts'71 ! lesson consi/$ ( ,/4 ,matt4 x4 #cb1 #cc1 #cg-ch3 xix4 #bg-cj4 ,on ! fifte5? ,sabba? aft] ,p5teco/1 ! lesson 0 ,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #a-i1 #ac 7leav+ out v]ses #aj1 #aa1 #ab74 ,on ! sixte5? ,sabba? aft] ,p5teco/1 ! lesson 0 ,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #cd-cg1 #db-dd 7leav+ out v]ses #ch-da74 ,on ! six? ,sabba? ( ,/4 ,luke1--! lesson 0 *4 viii4 #bf-ce foll[$ by v]ses #ch & #ci4 #fae ',?is celebrat$ p>agraph 444 0 probably n conta9$ 9 ! fir/ edition ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel b add$ at ! "t :5 8 la/ *apt] 0 annex$ to :at _h once be5 ! close ( 8 n>rative1--xx4 #cj1 #ca4' ,scriv5]'s ,introduction to ,cod4 ,d1 p4 #ej4 #faf ,9 an unpubli%$ pap]4 #fag ,x is omitt$ 9 "s ,,mss4 ( ! ,pe%itto4 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,conflation ,,& ,,! ,,s-,,call$ ,,neutral ,,text4 ,"s ( ! mo/ c\rte\s ( our critics1 9 review+ ! companion volume to ?is1 h express$ regret t we h n grappl$ m closely ?an we h done ) ,dr4 ,hort's !ory4 ,i h already express$ our reasons4 ,our object has be5 to describe & e/abli% :at we conceive to be ! true pr9ciples ( ,sacr$ ,textual ,sci5ce4 ,we are conc]n$ only 9 a second>y degree ) oppos+ pr9ciples4 ,:]e !y h come 9 our way1 we h endeav\r$ to remove !m4 ,b x has n ent]$ )9 our design to pursue !m into _! fa/nesses & domiciles4 ,nev]!less1 9 compliance ) a reque/ :i* is bo? prop] & c&id1 ,i w d :at ,i c to exam9e ) all ! equity t ,i c comm& an ess5tial "p ( ,dr4 ,hort's sy/em1 :i* appe>s to ex]cise great influ5ce ) 8 foll[]s4 #a4 ,,conflation4 ,dr4 ,hort's !ory ( ',conflation' may be discov]$ on pp4 #ic-ajg4 ,! want ( an index to 8 ,introduction1 not)/&+ 8 ample ',cont5ts1' makes x difficult to collect illu/rations ( 8 mean+ f ! re/ ( 8 treatise4 ,nev]!less1 ! effect ( ,conflation appe>s to be well describ$ 9 8 words on p4 #acc3--',n[ h[ev] ! ?ree great l9es 7 br\ght toge!r1 & made to contribute to a text diff]5t f all4' ,9 o!r words1 by means ( a comb9ation ( ! ,we/]n1 ,alex&rian1 & ',neutral' ,texts--'! great l9es ( transmission 444 to all appe>ance exclusively div]g5t1'--! ',syrian' text 0 con/ruct$ 9 a =m diff]5t f any "o & all ( ! o!r ?ree4 ,n t all ^! ?ree 7 made to contribute on e occasion4 ,we f9d 7p4 #ic7 ,conflation1 or ,conflate ,read+s1 introduc$ z prov+ ! 'po/]iority ( ,syrian to ,we/]n 444 & o!r 444 read+s4' ,& 9 ! analysis ( eight passages1 :i* is add$1 only 9 "o case 7,/4 ,m>k viii4 #bf7 are m ?an two elem5ts repres5t$1 & 9 t ! ?ird class consi/s ( 'diff]5t conflations' ( ! fir/ & second#fah4 ,p]haps ,i may pres5t ,dr4 ,hort's !ory "u ! =m ( a diagram3-- ,we/]n ,read+s4 ,o!r ,read+s4 --------------------- ,syrian ,text4 ,our !ory is ! conv]se 9 ma9 features to ?is4 ,we utt]ly repudiate ! t]m ',syrian' z be+ a mo/ inadequate & untrue title = ! ,text adopt$ & ma9ta9$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) all h] intellig5ce & le>n+1 dur+ ne>ly fifte5 c5turies accord+ to ,dr4 ,hort's admission3 & we claim f ! evid5ce t ! ,traditional ,text ( ! ,gospels1 "u ! true "n1 is t :i* came fre% f ! p5s ( ! ,evangeli/s2 & t all v>iations f x1 h[ev] !y h be5 entitl$1 are no?+ else ?an corrupt =ms ( ! orig9al read+s4 ,our diagram 9 r\gh pres5tation w !re=e assume ?is "*3-- ,traditional ,text4--- -,we/]n ,read+s4 -w -x -y -z -etc4 -,alex&rian ,read+s4 ,x %\ld be add$1 t w1 x1 y1 z1 c41 d5ote =ms ( corruption4 ,we d n recognize ! ',neutral' at all1 believ+ x to be a ,caes>ean comb9ation or rec5sion1 made f previ\s texts or read+s ( a corrupt "*4 ,! "q is1 :i* is ! true !ory1 ,dr4 ,hort's or ours8 ,! g5]al po9ts t /rike u ) ref]5ce to ,dr4 ,hort's !ory are3-- 7#a7 ,t x is v vague & indet]m9ate 9 nature4 ,giv5 ?ree ?+s1 ( :i* ,x includes :at is 9 ,y & ,z1 ^u ! face ( ! !ory ei!r ,x may h aris5 by syn!sis f ,y & ,z1 or ,x & ,z may owe _! orig9 by analysis to ,x4 7#b7 ,^u exam9ation x is f\nd t ,dr4 ,hort's argum5ts = ! po/]iority ( ,d are ma9ly ( an int]nal "*1 & are loose & imag9ative1 dep5d+ l>gely ^u p]sonal or lit]>y pr$ilections4 7#c7 ,t x is exce$+ly improbable t ! ,*ur* ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 :i* 9 a mo/ able p]iod _h be5 occupi$ ) discussions on v]bal accuracy1 %\ld h made ! gross mi/ake ( adopt+ 7:at 0 !n7 a mod]n concoction f ! orig9al text ( ! ,gospels1 :i* _h be5 writt5 less ?an ?ree or f\r c5turies be=e2 & t _! error %\ld h be5 ackn[l$g$ z tru?1 & p]petuat$ by ! ages t succe$$ !m d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,b we mu/ draw ne>] to ,dr4 ,hort's argum5t4 ,he f\nds x ^u a detail$ exam9ation ( eight passages1 viz4 ,/4 ,m>k vi4 #cc2 viii4 #bf2 ix4 #ch2 ix4 #di2 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #aj2 xi4 #ed2 xii4 #ah2 xxiv4 #ec4 #a4 ,rem>k t eight is a r\nd & divisible numb]4 ,did ! au?or decide ^u x ) a view ( pres5t+ two specim5s f ea* ,gospel8 ,to be sure1 he gives f\r f ! fir/ two1 & f\r f ! two la/1 only t he conf9es ! bat*es sev]ally to ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,luke4 ,did ! /rong /yle ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 ) di/9ct mean+ 9 e ^w1 yield no suitable example = treatm5t8 ,c\ld no passage be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 :]e n )\t p>allel1 b to a rem>kable degree1 extreme simplicity ( language1 ev5 express$ 9 alt]native clauses1 clo!s so>+ ?\ght & philosophical acut5ess8 ,true1 t he quotes ,/4 ,john v4 #cg z an in/ance ( ,conflation by ! ,codex ,bezae :i* is any?+ b an embodim5t ( ! ,traditional or ',syrian' ,text1 & xiii4 #bd :i* is simil>ly irrelevant4 ,nei!r ( ^! in/ances !re=e fill up ! gap1 & are accord+ly n includ$ 9 ! select$ eight4 ,:at c we inf] f ?is pres5tm5t1 b t ',conflation' is probably n ( frequ5t occurr5ce z has be5 imag9$1 b may inde$ be--to admit = a mom5t its exi/5ce--no?+ m ?an an occasional incid5t8 ,= surely1 if specim5s 9 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,john _h ab\nd$ to 8 h&1 & accord+ly ',conflation' _h be5 l>gely employ$ ?r\gh\t ! ,gospels1 ,dr4 ,hort w\ld n h ex]cis$ s re/rict$1 & yet s r\nd a *oice4 #b4 ,b we mu/ advance a /ep fur!r4 ,dean ,burgon z we h se5 has calculat$ ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,b & ! ,receiv$ ,text at #g1egh1 & ^? :i* divide ,symbol3 ,aleph & ! ,receiv$ ,text z rea*+ #h1igb4 ,he divid$ ^! totals respectively "u #b1hgg & #c1dee omissions1 #eef & #hci additions1 #b1jih & #b1bii transpositions1 & #b1jfg & #b1cgi sub/itutions & modifications comb9$4 ,( ^! classes1 x is evid5t t ,conflation has no?+ to d ) ,additions or ,transpositions4 ,nor inde$ ) ,sub/itutions1 al?\gh "o ( ,dr4 ,hort's in/ances appe>s to prove t x has4 ,conflation is ! comb9ation ( two 7or m7 diff]5t expressions into "o4 ,if !re=e bo? expressions occur 9 "o ( ! elem5ts1 ! ,conflation has be5 made be=eh&1 & a sub/itution !n occurs in/ead ( a conflation4 ,s 9 ,/4 ,luke xii4 #ah1 ,b1 c1 read ,greek3 ton siton kai ta aga?a m\ :i* ,dr4 ,hort#fai consid]s to be made by ,conflation into ,greek3 ta g5mata m\ kai ta aga?a m\1 because ,greek3 ta g5mata m\ is f\nd 9 ,we/]n docum5ts4 ,! logic is /range1 b z ,dr4 ,hort has claim$ x1 we mu/ p]haps all[ him to h int5d$ to include ) ?is /range incongruity "s ?\gh n _m ,sub/itutions 9 8 class ( in/ances1 only t we %\ld l to "k def9itely :at sub/itutions 7 to be compris$ 9 ?is class4 ,= ,i %rewdly suspect t !re 7 actually none4 ,omissions are n[ left to u1 ( :i* ! great] specim5s c h>dly h be5 produc$ by ,conflation4 ,h[1 = in/ance1 c\ld y get ! la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1 or ! ,p]icope de ,adult]a1 or ,/4 ,luke xxii4 #dc-dd1 or any ( ! re/ ( ! =ty-five :ole v]ses 9 ! ,gospels ^u :i* a slur is ca/ by ! ,neologian s*ool8 ,consequ5tly1 ! area ( ,conflation is greatly r$uc$4 ,& ,i v5ture to ?9k1 t suppos+ = a mom5t ! !ory to be s\nd1 x c\ld n acc\nt = any l>ge numb] ( v>iations1 b w\ld at ! be/ only be a sign or symptom f\nd e n[ & !n ( ! d]ivation attribut$ to ! ,receiv$ ,text4 #c4 ,b we mu/ g on t[>ds ! he>t ( ! "q4 ,& fir/ to exam9e ,dr4 ,hort's eight in/ances4 ,un=tunately1 ! e>ly patri/ic evid5ce on ^! v]ses is scanty4 ,we h little evid5ce ( a direct "* to light up ! d>k sea ( conjecture4 7#a7 ,/4 ,m>k 7vi4 #bb7 relates t on a c]ta9 occasion ! multitude1 :5 !y beheld our ,savi\r & 8 disciples on _! way 9 a %ip cross+ to ! o!r side ( ! lake1 ran toge!r 7,greek3 syn$ramon7 f all _! cities to ! po9t :i* ,he 0 mak+ = 7,greek3 ekei71 & arriv$ !re be=e ! ,"l & ,8 foll[]s 7,greek3 prol?on aut\s71 & on ,8 approa* came 9 a body to ,him 7,greek3 synl?on pros auton74 ,& on disemb>k+ 7,greek3 kai exel?n71 i4e4 7,greek3 ek t\ ploi\1 v]4 #cb71 c4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t x 0 only ! ,apo/les :o knew t ,8 ultimate object 0 'a des]t place' 7v]4 #ca1 #cj73 ! indiscrim9ate multitude c\ld only disc]n ! bay or cape t[>ds :i* ! boat 0 go+3 & up to :at ,i h describ$ z ! disemb>kation 7v]4 #cd71 no?+ has be5 said ( ,8 movem5ts1 except t ,he 0 9 ! boat ^u ! lake4 ,! acc\nt is pictorial4 ,we see ! little craft toil+ on ! lake1 ! p on ! %ores runn+ all 9 "o direction1 & on _! rea*+ ! heights above ! place ( l&+ wat*+ ,8 approa*1 & !n desc5d+ toge!r to ,him to ! po9t :]e ,he is go+ to l&4 ,!re is no?+ weak or sup]flu\s 9 ! description4 ,?\gh cond5s$ 7:at w\ld a mod]n hi/ory h made ( x871 x is all natural & 9 due place4 ,n[ = ,dr4 ,hort4 ,he obs]ves t "o clause 7,greek3 kai prol?on aut\s7 is atte/$ by ,b,symbol3 ,aleph & _! foll[]s2 ano!r 7,greek3 kai synl?on aut\ or ,greek3 l?on aut\1 :i* is v diff]5t f ! ',syrian' ,greek3 synl?on pros auton7 by "s ,we/]n docum5ts2 & he argues t ! entire =m 9 ! ,receiv$ ,text1 ,greek3 kai prol?on aut\s1 kai synl?on pros auton1 0 =m$ by ,conflation f ! o!r two4 ,i _c help obs]v+ t x is a suspici\s m>k1 t ev5 9 ! case ( ! mo/ fav\r$ ( 8 *os5 examples he is oblig$ to take su* a lib]ty ) "o ( 8 elem5ts ( ,conflation z virtually to doctor x 9 ord] to br+ x /rictly to ! prescrib$ patt]n4 ,:5 we come to 8 argum5ts he c&idly admits1 t 'x is evid5t t ei!r ,symbol3 delta 7! ,receiv$ ,text7 is conflate f ,symbol3 alpha 7,b,symbol3 ,aleph7 & ,symbol3 beta 7,we/]n71 or ,symbol3 alpha & ,symbol3 beta are indep5d5t simplifications ( ,symbol3 delta'2 & t '!re is no?+ 9 ! s5se ( ,symbol3 delta t w\ld tempt to alt]ation1' & t 'accid5tal' omission ( "o or o!r clause w\ld 'be easy4' ,b he argues ) an +5uity t d5otes a bad cause t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,greek3 aut\ & ,greek3 pros auton is really 9 8 fav\r1 *iefly because ,greek3 aut\ w\ld v likely if x _h previ\sly exi/$ be5 *ang$ into ,greek3 pros auton--:i* no "o c d\bt2 & t ',greek3 synl?on pros auton is c]ta9ly otiose aft] ,greek3 syn$ramon ekei1' :i* %ews t he did n und]/& ! :ole mean+ ( ! passage4 ,8 argum5t ^u :at he t]ms ',intr9sic ,probability' leads to a simil> inf]5ce4 ,= simply ,greek3 exel?n _c mean t ',he came out ( ,8 retirem5t 9 "s seque/]$ nook to meet !m1' su* a nook be+ n m5tion$ by ,/4 ,m>k1 :]eas ,greek3 ploion is2 nor c ,greek3 ekei d5ote '! des]t region4' ,inde$ ! position ( t region or nook 0 kn[n be=e x 0 rea*$ solely to our ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les3 ! multitude 0 guid$ only by :at !y saw1 or at lea/ by vague surmise4 ,accord+ly1 ,dr4 ,hort's conclusion mu/ be rev]s$4 ',! balance ( ,int]nal ,evid5ce ( ,read+s1 alike f ,transcriptional & f ,intr9sic ,probability1 is decid$ly' n '9 fav\r ( ,symbol3 delta f ,symbol3 alpha & ,symbol3 beta1' b '( ,symbol3 alpha & ,symbol3 beta f ,symbol3 delta4' ,! read+ ( ! ,traditional ,text is ! sup]ior bo? z reg>ds ! mean+1 & z to ! probability ( its pre-exi/5ce4 ,! d]ivation ( ! two o!rs f t is expla9$ by t besett+ fault ( transcrib]s :i* is t]m$ ,omission4 ,above all1 ! ,traditional read+ is prov$ by a l>gely ov]-balanc+ weight ( evid5ce4 7#b7 ',to exam9e o!r passages equally 9 detail w\ld occupy too mu* space4' ,s says ,dr4 ,hort3 b we mu/ exam9e po9ts t require att5tion4 ,/4 ,m>k viii4 #bf4 ,aft] cur+ ! bl9d man outside ,be?saida1 our ,"l 9 t rem>kable p]iod ( ,8 c>e] direct$ him1 accord+ to ! ,traditional read+1 7,symbol3 alpha7 nei!r to ent] into t place1 ,greek3 mde eis tn kmn eisel?s1 nor 7,symbol3 beta7 to tell :at _h happ5$ to any inhabitant ( ,be?saida 7,greek3 mde eips t9i en t km74 ,ei!r "s "o :o did n und]/& ! ,greek1 or "s matt]-(-fact & (fici\s s*ol>1 or bo?1 ?\ght or ma9ta9$ t ,greek3 t9i en t km mu/ mean "s "o :o 0 at ! mom5t actually 9 ! place4 ,s ! second clause got to be omitt$ f ! text ( ,b,symbol3 ,aleph1 :o are foll[$ only by "o cursive & a half 7! fir/ read+ ( #a be+ aft]w>ds correct$71 & ! ,bohairic v]sion1 & ! ,lewis ,,ms4 ,! ,traditional read+ is atte/$ by ,,acn,symbol3 ,sigma & ?irte5 o!r ,uncials1 all ,cursives except eight1 ( :i* six ) ,symbol3 ,phi read a consolidation ( bo? clauses1 by sev]al v]sions1 & by ,!ophylact 7i4 #baj7 :o is ! only ,fa!r t quotes ! place4 ,?is evid5ce ought amply to ensure ! g5u95ess ( ?is read+4 ,b :at says ,dr4 ,hort8 ',"h ,symbol3 alpha is simple & vigor\s1 & x is unique 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 ! peculi> ,greek3 ,mde has ! t]se =ce ( _m say+s z giv5 by ,/4 ,m>k1 b ! s(t5+ into ,greek3 ,m by ,symbol3 ,aleph99 %ews t x might tr\ble scribes4' ,x is surely n necess>y to controv]t ?is4 ,x may be said h[ev] t ,symbol3 alpha is bald z well z simple1 & t ! v difficulty 9 ,symbol3 beta makes x probable t t clause 0 n inv5t$4 ,to take ,greek3 t9i en t km ,hebrai/ically = ,greek3 t9i tn en t km1 l ! ,greek3 tis en hym9 ( ,/4 ,james v4 #aifbj1 ne$ n tr\ble s*ol>s1 ,i ?9k4 ,o!rwise !y c foll[ ,mey]1 accord+ to ,w9]'s ,gramm> 7,,ii4 #eaa71 & translate ! second ,greek3 mde nor ev54 ,at all ev5ts1 ?is is a poor pill> to support a great !ory4 7#c7 ,/4 ,m>k ix4 #ch4 ',ma/]1 we saw "o ca/+ out devils 9 ,?y "n1 7,symbol3 beta7 :o do? n foll[ u1 & we =bad him 7,symbol3 alpha7 because he foll[e? n u4' ,"h ! au?ority = ,symbol3 alpha is ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bcl,symbol3 ,delta1 f\r ,cursives1 f1 ,bohairic1 ,pe%itto1 ,e?iopic1 & ! ,lewis ,,ms4 ,= ,symbol3 beta !re are ,d1 two ,cursives1 all ! ,old ,lat9 b f & ! ,vulgate4 ,= ! ,traditional ,text1 i4e4 ! :ole passage1 ,a,symbol3 ,phi,symbol3 ,sigma,n elev5 ,uncials1 all ! ,cursives b six1 ! ,h>kleian 7yet obelizes ,symbol3 alpha7 & ,go?ic v]sions1 ,basil 7ii4 #beb71 ,victor ( ,antio* 7,cram]1 ,cat4 i4 #cfe71 ,!ophylact 7i4 #bai73 & ,augu/9e quotes sep>ately bo? omissions 7,symbol3 alpha ix4 #ecc1 & ,symbol3 beta ,,iii4 ii4 #aec74 ,no o!r ,fa!rs1 s f> z ,i c f9d1 quote ! passage4 ,dr4 ,hort appe>s to advance no special argum5ts on 8 side1 rely+ app>5tly ^u ! obvi\s repetition4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! v]se1 ,/4 ,john describes ! case ( ! man3 9 ! second he reports = our ,"l's judgem5t ! gr\nds ( ! prohibition :i* ! ,apo/les gave him4 ,is x s c]ta9 t ! orig9al text ( ! passage conta9$ only ! description1 & omitt$ ! reason ( ! prohibition z x 0 giv5 to ! non-foll[] ( our ,"l8 ,to me x seems t ! simplicity ( ,/4 ,m>k's /yle is be/ pres]v$ by ! inclusion ( bo?4 ,! ,apo/les did n curtly =bid ! man3 !y treat$ him ) reasonabl5ess1 & 9 ! same _s ,/4 ,john report$ to 8 ,ma/] all t occurr$4 ,besides ?is1 ! evid5ce on ! ,traditional side is too /rong to admit ( x n be+ ! g5u9e read+4 7#d7 ,/4 ,m>k ix4 #di4 ',= 7,symbol3 alpha7 e "o %all be salt$ ) fire1 7,symbol3 beta7 & e sacrifice %all be salt$ ) salt4' ,! au?orities are-- ,symbol3 alpha4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl,symbol3 ,delta1 fifte5 ,cursives1 "s ,,mss4 ( ! ,bohairic1 "s ( ! ,arm5ian1 & ! ,lewis4 ,symbol3 beta4 ,d1 six copies ( ! ,old ,lat91 ?ree ,,mss4 ( ! ,vulgate4 ,*romatius ( ,aquileia 7,gall&4 viii4 #cch74 ,trad4 ,text4 ,,ac,symbol3 ,phi,symbol3 ,sigma,n & twelve m ,uncials1 all ,cursives except fifte51 two ,old ,lat91 ,vulgate1 ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian1 "s ,,mss4 ( ,e?iopic & ,arm5ian1 ,go?ic1 ,victor ( ,antio* 7,cram]'s ,cat4 i4 #cfh71 ,!ophylact 7i4 #bba74 ,?is evid5ce mu/ surely be conclusive ( ! g5u95ess ( ! ,traditional read+4 ,b n[ = ,dr4 ,hort4 ',a rem9isc5ce ( ,lev4 vii4 #ac 444 has creat$ ,symbol3 beta out ( ,symbol3 alpha4' ,b :y %\ld n ! rem9isc5ce h be5 our ,"l's8 ,! passage appe>s l a quotation1 or an adaptation1 ( "s au?oritative say+4 ,he positively advances no o!r argum5t ?an ! "o j quot$1 beyond /at+ two po9ts 9 :i* ! alt]ation might be easily effect$4 7#e7 ,/4 ,luke ix4 #aj4 ',he took 7,8 ,apo/les7 & )drew privately ,symbol3 alpha4 ,into a city call$ ,be?saida ,greek3 7eis pol9 kal\m5n ,b474 ,symbol3 beta4 ,into a des]t place 7,greek3 eis topon ermon71 or ,into a des]t place call$ ,be?saida1 or ( ,be?saida4 ,trad4 ,text4 ,into a des]t place belong+ to a city call$ ,be?saida4' ,! evid5ce = ^! read+s respectively is-- ,symbol3 alpha4 ,,blx,symbol3 ,xi1 ) "o correction ( ,symbol3 ,aleph 7,ca71 "o ,cursive1 ! ,bohairic & ,sahidic4 ,d reads ,greek3 kmn4 ,symbol3 beta4 ,! fir/ & lat] read+s 7,cb7 ( ,symbol3 ,aleph1 f\r ,cursives81 ,curetonian1 "s v>iant ,old ,lat9 7,symbol3 beta#b71 ,pe%itto also v>iant 7,symbol3 beta#c74 ,trad4 ,text4 ,a 7) ,greek3 ermon topon7 ,c twelve ,uncials1 all ,cursives except ?ree or five1 ,h>kleian1 ,lewis 7omits ,greek3 ermon71 ,e?iopic1 ,arm5ian1 ,go?ic1 ) ,!ophylact 7i4 #cc74 ,rem>k ! curi\s "* ( ,symbol3 alpha & ,symbol3 beta4 ,9 ,dr4 ,hort's ,neutral ,text1 :i* he ma9ta9s to h be5 ! orig9al text ( ! ,gospels1 our ,"l is repres5t$ "h z hav+ )drawn 9 private 7,greek3 kat' idian1 :i* ! ,revis]s %irk+ ! difficulty translate inaccurately 'ap>t'7 into ! city call$ ,be?saida4 ,h[ c\ld !re h be5 privacy ( life 9 a city 9 ^? days8 ,9 fact1 ,greek3 kat' idian necessitates ! adoption ( ,greek3 topon ermon1 z to :i* ! ,pe%itto 7,symbol3 beta#c7 is 9 sub/antial agreem5t ) ! ,traditional ,text4 ,be?saida is repres5t$ z ! capital ( a di/rict1 :i* includ$1 at suffici5t di/ance f ! city1 a des]t or retir$ spot4 ,! gr\p arrang$ "u ,symbol3 beta is s weakly support$1 & is evid5tly su* a gr\p ( fragm5ts1 t x c come into no sort ( competition ) ! ,traditional read+4 ,dr4 ,hort conf9es himself to %ew+ h[ ! process he advocates might h aris51 n t x did actually arise4 ,inde$1 ?is position c only be held by assum+ ! conclusion to be e/abli%$ t x did s arise4 7#f7 ,/4 ,luke xi4 #ed4 ',! ,scribes & ,ph>isees began to urge ,him vehem5tly & to provoke ,him to speak ( _m ?+s 7,greek3 en$reuontes ?reusai71 ,symbol3 alpha4 ,lay+ wait = ,him to cat* some?+ out ( ,8 m\?4 ,symbol3 beta4 ,seek+ to get "s opportunity 7,greek3 aphormn t9a7 = f9d+ out h[ to accuse ,him 7,greek3 h9a eurs9 katgorsai72 or1 = accus+ ,him 7,greek3 h9a katgorss9 aut\74 ,trad4 ,text4 ,lay+ wait = ,him1 & seek+ to cat* some?+ 7,greek3 zt\ntes ?reusai ti7 out ( ,8 m\?1 t !y might accuse ,him4' ,! evid5ce is-- ,symbol3 alpha4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bl1 ,bohairic1 ,e?iopic1 ,cyril ,alex4 7,mai1 ,nov4 ,pp4 ,biblio!ca1 ii4 #hg1 iii4 #bdi1 n accurately74 ,symbol3 beta4 ,d1 ,old ,lat9 except f1 ,curetonian4 ,trad4 ,text4 ,,ac twelve ,uncials1 all ,cursives 7except five :i* omit ,greek3 zt\ntes71 ,pe%itto1 ,lewis 7) omission71 ,vulgate1 ,h>kleian1 ,!ophylact 7i4 #cfc74 ,z to g5u95ess1 ! evid5ce is decisive4 ,! read+ ,symbol3 ,alpha is ,alex&rian1 adopt$ by ,b,symbol3 ,aleph1 & is bad ,greek into ! b>ga91 ,greek3 en$reuontes ?reusai be+ v r\gh1 & be+ probably due to incompet5t acqua9tance ) ! ,greek language4 ,if ,symbol3 alpha 0 ! orig9al1 x is h>d to see h[ ,symbol3 beta c\ld h come f x4 ,t ! figurative language ( ,symbol3 alpha 0 replac$ 9 ,symbol3 beta by a simply descriptive p>aphrase1 z ,dr4 ,hort sugge/s1 seems sc>cely probable4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! d]ivation ( ei!r ,symbol3 alpha or ,symbol3 beta f ! ,traditional ,text is mu* easi]4 ,a scribe w\ld )\t difficulty pass ov] "o ( ! p>ticiples ly+ contigu\sly ) no connect+ conjunction1 & hav+ a k9d ( ,homoeoteleuton4 ,& z to ,symbol3 beta1 ! di/+ui%+ ,greek3 aphormn t9a w\ld be a v natural gloss1 requir+ = complet5ess ( ! phrase ! accompany+ ,greek3 labe94 ,?is is surely a m probable solution ( ! "q ( ! mutual relation%ip ( ! read+s ?an ! lab\r$ acc\nt ( ,dr4 ,hort1 :i* is too long to be produc$ "h4 7#g7 ,/4 ,luke xii4 #ah4 ',i w pull d[n my b>ns1 & build great]1 & !re w ,i be/[ all ,symbol3 alpha4 ,my corn & my goods4 ,symbol3 beta4 ,my crops 7,greek3 ta g5mata m\74 ,my fruits 7,greek3 t\s k>p\s m\74 ,trad4 ,text4 ,my crops 7,greek3 ta g5mata m\7 & my goods4' ,?is is a faulty in/ance1 because x is simply a sub/itution1 z ,dr4 ,hort admitt$1 9 ,symbol3 alpha ( ! m compreh5sive ^w ,greek3 g5mata = ,greek3 siton1 & a simple omission ( ,greek3 kai ta aga?a m\ 9 ,symbol3 beta4 ,& ! admission ( x into ! select$ eight %ews ! difficulty t ,dr4 ,hort mu/ h exp]i5c$ 9 *oos+ 8 examples4 ,! evid5ce is-- ,symbol3 alpha4 ,,btlx & a correction ( ,symbol3 ,aleph7ac71 eight ,cursives1 ,pe%itto1 ,bohairic1 ,sahidic1 ,arm5ian1 ,e?iopic4 ,symbol3 beta4 ,symbol3 ,aleph99,d1 ?ree ,cursives1 b ff i q1 ,curetonian & ,lewis1 ,/4 ,ambrose 7i4 #egc74 ,trad4 ,text4 ,,aq ?irte5 ,uncials4 ,all ,cursives except twelve1 f1 ,vulgate1 ,h>kleian1 ,cyril ,alex4 7,mai1 ii4 #bid-e7 bis1 ,!ophylact 7i4 #cgj71 ,pet] ,*rysologus 7,migne #eb1 #dij-a7 bis4 ,no m ne$ be said3 sub/itutions & omissions are too common to require ju/ification4 7#h7 ,/4 ,luke xxiv4 #ec4 ',!y 7 cont9ually 9 ! temple ,symbol3 alpha4 ,bless+ ,god 7,greek3 eulog\ntes74 ,symbol3 beta4 ,prais+ ,god 7,greek3 a9\ntes74 ,trad4 ,text4 ,prais+ & bless+ ,god4' ,! evid5ce is-- ,symbol3 alpha4 ,symbol3 ,aleph,,bc99,l1 ,bohairic1 ,pale/9ian1 ,lewis4 ,symbol3 beta4 ,d1 sev5 ,old ,lat94 ,trad4 ,text4 ,,ac#b twelve ,uncials1 all ,cursives1 c f q1 ,vulgate1 ,pe%itto1 ,h>kleian1 ,arm5ian1 ,e?iopic1 ,!ophylact 7i4 #dig74 ,dr4 ,hort adds no rem>ks4 ,he seems to h ?\ght1 t because he _h got an in/ance :i* outw>dly met all ! requirem5ts laid d[n1 !re=e x w\ld prove ! conclusion x 0 int5d$ to prove4 ,n[ x is evid5tly an in/ance ( ! omission ( ei!r ( two words f ! complete acc\nt by diff]5t witnesses4 ,! ,evangeli/ employ$ bo? words 9 ord] to emphasize ! gratitude ( ! ,apo/les4 ,! words are n tautological4 ,greek3 ,a9os is ! set praise ( ,god1 drawn out 9 m or less l5g?1 prop]ly z (f]$ 9 addresses to ,him#fba4 ,greek3 ,eulogia includes all speak+ well ( ,him1 especially :5 utt]$ be=e o!r m54 ,?us ! two expressions describe 9 comb9ation ! life ( gratitude exhibit$ unceas+ly by ! expectant & ! infant ,*ur*4 ,cont9ually 9 ! temple !y prais$ ,him 9 devotion1 & told ! p ( ,8 glori\s works4 #d4 ,su* are ! eight weak pill>s ^u :i* ,dr4 ,hort built 8 !ory :i* 0 to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( 8 ,neutral ,text1 & ! relation ( x t[>ds o!r ,texts or classes ( read+s4 ,if 8 eight pick$ examples c be ?us demoli%$1 !n surely ! !ory ( ,conflation mu/ be utt]ly uns\nd4 ,or if 9 ! op9ion ( "s ( my read]s my cont5tion goes too f>1 !n at any rate !y mu/ admit t x is f> f be+ firm1 if x does n actually reel & tott]4 ,! opposite !ory ( omission appe>s to be mu* m easy & natural4 ,b ! curi\s ph5om5on t ,dr4 ,hort has re/$ 8 case ^u s small an induction z is suppli$ by only eight examples--if !y are n 9 fact only sev5--has n yet receiv$ due explanation4 ,:y1 he ought to h ref]r$ to tw5ty-five or ?irty at lea/4 ,if ,conflation is s common1 he might h produc$ a l>ge numb] ( ref]5ces )\t work+ out m ?an 0 en\gh = illu/ration z patt]ns4 ,?is "q mu/ be inve/igat$ fur!r4 ,& ,i d n "k h[ to c>ry out su* an inve/igation bett]1 ?an to exam9e "s in/ances :i* come naturally to h& f ! e>li] p>ts ( ea* ,gospel4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 t = ,conflation two diff]5tly-atte/$ phrases or words mu/ be produc$ :i* are f\nd 9 comb9ation 9 "s passage ( ! ,traditional ,text4 ,if !re is only "o :i* is omitt$1 x is cle> t !re c be no ,conflation because !re mu/ be at lea/ two elem5ts to conflate3 accord+ly our in/ances mu/ be cases1 n ( s+le omission1 b ( d\ble or alt]native omission4 ,if aga9 !re is no ,we/]n read+1 x is n a ,conflation 9 ,dr4 ,hort's s5se4 ,& f9ally1 if ! rema9+ read+ is n a ',neutral' "o1 x is n to ,dr4 ,hort's lik+4 ,i d n say t my in/ances w con=m ) ^! conditions4 ,inde$1 aft] mak+ a li/ ( all ! omissions 9 ! ,gospels1 except ^? :i* are ( too petty a "* su* z leav+ out a pron\n1 & hav+ se>*$ ! li/ ) all ! c>e t ,i c comm&1 ,i d n ?9k t su* in/ances c be f\nd4 ,nev]!less1 ,i %all take eight1 />t+ f ! beg9n+ ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 & *oos+ ! mo/ sali5t examples1 be+ su* also t1 if ,dr4 ,hort's !ory be s\nd1 !y ought to con=m to 8 requirem5ts4 ,simil>ly1 !re w come !n f\r f ei!r ( ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,luke1 & eight f ,/4 ,john4 ,?is c\rse ( proce$+ w ext5d op]ations f ! eight :i* =m ,dr4 ,hort's total to ?irty-two4 ,a4 ,9 ,/4 ,mat!w we h 7#a7 i4 #be1 ,greek3 auts ton prtotokon & ,greek3 ton ,huion2 7#b7 v4 #bb1 ,greek3 eik & ,greek3 t adelph aut\2 7#c7 ix4 #ac1 ,greek3 eis metanoian2 7#d7 x4 #c1 ,greek3 ,lebbaios & ,greek3 ,?addaios2 7#e7 xii4 #bb1 ,greek3 typhlon kai & ,greek3 kphon2 7#f7 xv4 #e1 ,greek3 ton pat]a aut\ & ,greek3 7h7 tn mt]a aut\1 7#g7 xviii4 #ce1 ,greek3 apo tn k>din hymn & ,greek3 ta p>aptmata autn2 & 7#h7 xxvi4 #c1 ,greek3 hoi presbyt]oi 7kai7 hoi ,grammateis4 ,i h _h "s difficulty 9 mak+ up ! numb]4 ,( ^? select$ z well z ,i c\ld1 sev5 are cases ( s+le omission or ( "o pure omission apiece1 ?\gh _! /ructure pres5ts a possibility ( two memb]s = ,conflation2 :il/ ! ,we/]n elem5t comes 9 sp>sely or appe>s 9 fav\r ( bo? ! omission & ! ret5tion2 &1 ?irdly1 9 "s cases1 z 9 7#b7 & 7#c71 ! support is n only ,we/]n1 b univ]sal4 ,consequ5tly1 all b 7#d7 are exclud$4 ,( 7#d7 ,dr4 ,hort rem>ks1 7,notes on ,select ,read+s1 p4 #aa7 t x is 'a case ( ,conflation ( ! true & ! *ief ,we/]n ,texts1' & accord+ly x does n come )9 ! *>m$ circle4 ,b4 ,f ,/4 ,m>k we get1 7#a7 i4 #a1 ,greek3 ,hui\ t\ ,!\ & ,greek3 ,is\ ,*ri/\2 7#b7 i4 #b1 ,greek3 empro/h5 s\ & ,greek3 pro prosp\ s\ 7cp4 ix4 #ch72 7#c7 iii4 #ae1 ,greek3 !rapeue9 tas nos\s 7kai7 & ,greek3 ekballe9 ta daimonia2 7#d7 xiii4 #cc1 ,greek3 agrypneite & ,greek3 7kai7 proseu*e/he4 ,all ^! in/ances turn out to be cases ( ! omission ( only "o ( ! p>allel expressions4 ,! omission 9 ! fir/ is due ma9ly to ,orig5 7see ,traditional ,text1 ,app5dix ,,iv73 9 ! ?ree la/ !re is ,we/]n evid5ce on bo? sides4 ,c4 ,/4 ,luke yields u1 7#a7 ii4 #e1 ,greek3 gynaiki & ,greek3 memn/eum52 7#b7 iv4 #d1 ,greek3 epi panti rhmati ,!\1 or ,greek3 ep' art mon2 7#c7 viii4 #ed1 ,greek3 ekbaln ex pantas 7kai71 or ,greek3 kratsas ts *eiros auts2 xi4 #d1 ,greek3 7alla7 rhysai hmas apo t\ ponr\1 or ,greek3 m eis55ks hmas eis peirasmon4 ,9 all ^! cases1 exam9ation discloses t !y are examples ( pure omission ( only "o ( ! alt]natives4 ,! only evid5ce aga9/ ?is is ! solit>y rejection ( ,greek3 memn/eum5 by ! ,lewis ,codex4 ,d4 ,we n[ come to ,/4 ,john4 ,see 7#a7 iii4 #ae1 ,greek3 m apoltai1 or ,greek3 e* zn ainion2 7#b7 iv4 #ad1 ,greek3 ou m dipss eis ton aina1 or ,greek3 to hydr ho ds aut g5setai en aut pg hydatos1 k4t4l42 7#c7 iv4 #db1 ,greek3 ho ,*ri/os1 or ,greek3 ho str t\ kosm\2 7#d7 iv4 #ea1 ,greek3 kai apngeilan & ,greek3 legontes2 7#e7 v4 #af1 ,greek3 kai ezt\n auton apokte9ai & ,greek3 edikon auton2 7#f7 vi4 #ea1 ,greek3 hn eg ds1 or ,greek3 h\ eg ds2 7#g7 ix4 #a1 #be1 ,greek3 kai eip5 or ,greek3 apekri?2 7#h7 xiii4 #ca1 #cb1 ,greek3 ei ho ,!os edoxa/h en aut1 & ,greek3 kai ho ,!os edoxa/h en aut4 ,all ^! in/ances turn out to be s+le omissions3--a fact :i* is ! m rem>kable1 because ,/4 ,john's /yle s readily l5ds itself to p>allel or anti!tical expressions involv+ ! same result 9 mean+1 t we %\ld expect conflations to %ew !mselves con/antly if ! ,traditional ,text _h s coalesc$4 ,h[ surpris+ a result3--almo/ too surpris+4 ,does x n imm5sely /r5g!n my cont5tion t ,dr4 ,hort took wrongly ,conflation = ! rev]se process8 ,t 9 ! e>lie/ ages1 :5 ! ,*ur* did n include 9 h] ranks s mu* le>n+ z x has possess$ ev] s9ce1 ! we> & te> ( "t1 aid$ by unfai? & c>elessness1 made itself felt 9 _m an in/ance ( de/ructiv5ess :i* involv$ a tempor>y *ipp+ ( ! ,sacr$ ,text all ?r\gh ! ,holy ,gospels8 ,&1 9 fact1 t ,conflation at lea/ z an ext5sive process1 if n altoge!r1 did n really exi/4 #b4 ,,! ,,neutral ,,text4 ,"h we are br\ght face to face ) ! "q respect+ ! ,neutral ,text4 ,:at 9 fact is x1 & does x des]ve ! "n :i* ,dr4 ,hort & 8 foll[]s h attempt$ to conf] p]man5tly ^u x8 ,:at is ! relation t x be>s to o!r s-call$ ,texts8 ,s mu* has be5 already advanc$ ^u ?is subject 9 ! companion volume & 9 ! pres5t1 t great concis5ess is "h bo? possible & exp$i5t4 ,b x may be useful to br+ ! sum or sub/ance ( ^? discussions into "o focus4 #a4 ,! s-call$ ,neutral ,text1 z any read] ( ,dr4 ,hort's ,introduction w see1 is ! text ( ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph & _! small foll[+4 ,t foll[+ is made up ( ,z 9 ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,symbol3 ,delta 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 ! fragm5t>y ,symbol3 ,xi 9 ,/4 ,luke1 ) frequ5t agreem5t ) !m ( ,d1 & ( ! eigh? c5tury ,l2 ) occasional support f "s ( ! gr\p ( ,cursives1 consi/+ ( #a1 #cc1 #aah1 #aca1 #aeg1 #bje1 #bji1 & f ! ,f]r> gr\p1 or n[ & !n f "s o!rs1 z well z f ! ,lat9 k1 & ! ,egyptian or o!r v]sions4 ,?is p]haps appe>s to be a l>g] numb] ?an our read]s may h suppos$1 b r>ely are m ?an t5 ,,mss4 f\nd toge!r1 & g5]ally speak+ less1 & (t5 mu* less ?an t4 ,to all g5]al int5ts & purposes1 ! ,neutral ,text is ! text ( ,b-,symbol3 ,aleph4 #b4 ,foll[+ facts & avoid+ speculation1 ! ,neutral ,text appe>s h>dly 9 hi/ory except at ! ,semi>ian p]iod4 ,x 0 almo/ dis[n$ ev] aft]3 & !re is no c]ta9ty--no?+ m ?an inf]5ce :i* we hold1 & claim to h prov$1 to be imag9>y & delusive1--t1 except z repres5t$ 9 ! corruption :i* x ga!r$ out ( ! *aos ( ! e>lie/ times1 x made any appe>ance4 #c4 ,?us1 z a matt] ( hi/ory ackn[l$g$ by ,dr4 ,hort1 x 0 ma9ly sup]s$$ be=e ! end ( ! c5tury ( its em]g5ce by ! ,traditional ,text1 :i*1 except 9 ! t5ets ( a s*ool ( critics 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 has reign$ supreme ev] s9ce4 #d4 ,t x 0 n ! orig9al text ( ! ,gospels1 z ma9ta9$ by ,dr4 ,hort1 ,i claim to h e/abli%$ f an exam9ation ( ! quotations f ! ,gospels made by ! ,fa!rs4 ,x has be5 prov$ t n only 9 numb]1 b /ill m conclusively 9 quality1 ! ,traditional ,text enjoy$ a great sup]iority ( atte/ation ov] all ! k9ds ( corruption advocat$ by "s critics :i* ,i h j n[ m5tion$#fbb4 ,?is conclusion is /r5g!n$ by ! v]dict ( ! e>ly v]sions4 #e4 ,! inf]iority ( ! ',neutral ,text' is demon/rat$ by ! ov]:elm+ weight ( evid5ce :i* is m>%all$ aga9/ x on passages "u dispute4 ,?is gl>+ contra/ is increas$ by ! disagreem5t among !mselves ( ! support]s ( t ,text1 or class ( read+s4 ,z to antiquity1 numb]1 v>iety1 weight1 & cont9uity1 t ,text falls hopelessly beh9d3 & by int]nal evid5ce also ! texts ( ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph1 & /ill m ! ecc5tric text ( ! ,we/]n ,d1 are prov$ to be manife/ly inf]ior4 #f4 ,x has be5 %ewn also by evid5ce1 direct z well z inf]5tial1 t ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph issu$ ne>ly toge!r f ! libr>y or s*ool ( ,caes>ea4 ,! fact ( _! be+ ! olde/ ,,mss4 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 exi/5ce1 :i* has naturally misl$ p & caus$ !m to be cr$it$ ) extraord9>y value1 has be5 ref]r$1 z be+ ma9ly due1 to _! hav+ be5 writt5 on vellum accord+ to ! fa%ion introduc$ 9 t s*ool1 in/ead ( ! ord9>y papyrus4 ,! fact ( su* pres]vation is really to _! discr$it1 in/ead ( res\nd+ to _! hon\r1 because if !y _h enjoy$ g5]al approval1 !y w\ld probably h p]i%$ cr$itably _m c5turies ago 9 ! con/ant use = :i* !y 7 int5d$4 ,su* are ! ma9 po9ts 9 ! indictm5t & 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,neutral ,text1 or r--to speak ) m appropriate accuracy1 avoid+ ! dang] ( draw+ ) too def9ite a =m & too deep a %ade--( ! class ( read+s repres5t$ by ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph4 ,x is int]e/+ to trace fur!r1 ?\gh v summ>ily1 ! connexion betwe5 ?is class ( read+s & ! corruptions ( ! ,orig9al ,text :i* exi/$ previ\sly to ! e>ly middle ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,su* brief trac+ w lead u to a view ( "s causes ( ! developm5t ( ,dr4 ,hort's !ory4 ,! analysis ( ,corruption suppli$ z to ! v>i\s k9ds ( x by ,dean ,burgon has taught u h[ !y sev]ally arose4 ,?is is fre% 9 ! m9d ( read]s1 & ,i w n spoil x by repetition4 ,b ! /udies ( textual critics h l$ !m to comb9e all k9ds ( corruption *iefly "u ! two heads ( ! ,we/]n or ,syrio-,l[-,lat9 class1 & 9 a less prom95t prov9ce ( ! ,alex&rian4 ,dr4 ,hort's ,neutral is really a comb9ation ( ^? two1 ) all ! accuracy t ^! ph5om5a admit4 ,b ( c\rse1 if ! ,neutral 7 inde$ ! orig9al ,text1 x w\ld n d = x to be too closely connect$ ) "o ( su* bad reputation z ! ,we/]n1 :i* mu/ be kept 9 ! di/ance at all haz>ds4 ,!re=e he repres5t$ x--all unconsci\sly no d\bt & ) ! be/ int5tion--z "o ( ! s\rces ( ! ,traditional1 or z he call$ x ! ',syrian' ,text4 ,h5ce ?is imput$ connexion betwe5 ! ,we/]n & ! ,traditional ,text became ! ess5tial "p ( 8 framework ( ,conflation1 :i* c\ld n exi/ )\t x4 ,= any p]man5t purpose1 all ?is h&iwork 0 9 va94 ,to say no m1 ,d1 :i* is ! *ief repres5tative ( ! ,we/]n ,text1 is too con/ant a support] ( ! peculi> read+s ( ,b & ,symbol3 ,aleph n to prove its ne> relation%ip to !m4 ,! ',neutral' ,text d]ives ! *ief "p ( its support f ,we/]n s\rces4 ,x is useless = ,dr4 ,hort to dis[n 8 lead+ con/itu5ts4 ,& on ! o!r h&1 ! ,syrio-,l[-,lat9 ,text is too ali5 to ! ,traditional to be ! *ief elem5t 9 any process1 ,conflate or o!r1 out ( :i* x c\ld h be5 con/ruct$4 ,! occasional support ( "s ( ! ,old ,lat9 ,,mss4 is no?+ to ! po9t 9 su* a pro(4 ,!y are s fitful & unc]ta91 t "s ( !m may witness to almo/ any?+4 ,if ,dr4 ,hort's !ory ( ,conflation _h be5 s\nd]1 !re w\ld h be5 no lack ( examples4 ',naturam expellas furca3 tam5 usque recurret4' ,he 0 tempt$ to ! impossible task ( driv+ wat] uphill4 ,!re=e ,i claim1 n only to h refut$ ,dr4 ,hort1 ^: !ory is prov$ to be ev5 m baseless ?an ,i ev] imag9$1 b by excavat+ m deeply ?an he did1 to h discov]$ ! cause ( 8 error4 ,no3 ! true !ory is1 t ! ,traditional ,text--n 9 sup]human p]fection1 ?\gh "u "s sup]human ,guidance--is ! embodim5t ( ! orig9al ,text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ! e>lie/ times1 j z false doctr9es 7 widely spread1 s corrupt read+s prevail$ 9 _m places4 ,lat] on1 :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 bett] und]/ood1 & ! ,*ur* reckon$ among/ ! le>n$ & holy ( h] memb]s ! f9e/ natures & intellects ( ! _w1 & _m clev] m5 ( inf]ior "* endeav\r$ to vitiate ,doctr9e & l[] ,*ri/ian life1 evil rose to ! surface1 & 0 9 due "t aft] a sev]e /ruggle remov$ by ! s\nd & fai?ful ( ! day4 ,s h]esy 0 rampant = a :ile1 & 0 !n replac$ by true & well-gr\nd$ belief4 ,) great ability & ) wise discretion1 ! ,deposit :e!r ( ,fai? or ,^w 0 v]ifi$ & e/abli%$4 ,g5]al ,c\ncils decid$ 9 ^? days ^u ! ,fai?1 & ! ,cre$ :5 accept$ & approv$ by ! univ]sal voice 0 enact$ = good & bequea!d to future ages4 ,s x 0 bo? z to ! ,canon & ! ,words ( ,holy ,scripture1 only t all 0 done quietly4 ,z to ! latt]1 h>dly a footfall 0 he>d4 ,b none ! less1 corruption aft] %ort-liv$ prom95ce sank into deep & /ill deep] obscurity1 :il/ ! tea*+ ( fifte5 c5turies plac$ ! true ,text ^u a firm & la/+ basis4 ,& s ,i v5ture to hold1 n[ t ! "q has be5 rais$1 bo? ! le>n$ & ! well-in=m$ w come gradually to see1 t no o!r c\rse respect+ ! ,words ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is s /rongly ju/ifi$ by ! evid5ce1 none s s\nd & l>ge-m9d$1 none s reasonable 9 e way1 none s consonant ) intellig5t fai?1 none s productive ( guidance & com=t & hope1 z to ma9ta9 aga9/ all ! assaults ( corruption ,,! ,,traditional ,,text4 ,,footnotes3 #fah ,dr4 ,hort has repres5t$ ,neutral read+s by ,symbol3 alpha1 ,we/]n by ,symbol3 beta1 z f> z ,i c und]/&1 'o!r' by ,symbol3 gamma1 & ',syrian' 7,traditional7 by ,symbol3 delta4 ,b he n[h]e gives an example ( ,symbol3 gamma4 #fai ,introduction1 p4 #ajc4 #fbj ,cp4 ,/4 ,luke xviii4 #b1 #c4 ,greek3 ,tis is us$ ) ,greek3 ex1 ,/4 ,luke xi4 #ae1 xxiv4 #bd2 ,/4 ,john vi4 #fd1 vii4 #be1 ix4 #af1 xi4 #cg1 #df2 ,acts xi4 #bj1 xiii4 #a1 c4 #fba ,?us ,greek3 epa9os is us$ = a public encomium1 or panegyric4 #fbb ,an attempt 9 ! ,gu>dian has be5 made 9 a review full ( errors to weak5 ! effect ( my li/ by an exam9ation ( an unique set ( details4 ,a correction bo? 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