,,*amb]s' ,,ed9burgh ,,j\rnal           
,,conduct$ ,,by ,,william ,,& ,,rob]t   
,,*amb]s1 ,,editors ,,( ',,*amb]s',s    
,,in=mation ,,= ,,! ,,p1' ',,*amb]s',s  
,,educational ,,c\rse1' c4     ,no4     
#ddd4 ,,new ,,s]ies4   ,,saturday1      
,,july #c1 #aheb4   ,,price #a-a_/b;d4  
,,! ,,art ,,season4   ,return+ ) !      
circl+ ye>1 & advanc+ p>i passu ) !     
multitude ( metropolitan musical        
attractions1 comes ! m sil5t reign ( !  
picture exhibitions--^? great art-ga!r+s
 f ?\s&s ( /udios1 to und]go ! ultimate 
te/ ( public judgm5t 9 ! doz5 well-fill$
 gall]ies1 :i* ! dilettante1 or l\ng+   
,london]1 consid]s x 8 recurr+ annual   
duty /rictly to inspect1 & regul>ly to  
gossip 94 ,z places :]e ev]ybody meets  
ev]ybody1 & :]e lazy h\rs c be          
conv5i5tly l\ng$ away1 ! exhibitions 9  
"s sort supply 9 ! aft]noon :at ! ,op]a 
& p>ties d 9 ! ev5+s4 ,ne>ly all ?r\gh !
 summ]-day1 !y are cr[d$ ) a            
s(tly-ru/l+1 humm+1 buzz+ cr[d1 com+ &  
go+ p]haps1 tak+ little he$ ( ! nom9al  

attraction1 b saunt]+ f room to room1 or
 ensconc+ !mselves 9 colonies or clu/]s 
( *airs1 & l\ng+ vacantly 9 cool        
lobbies4 ,at en]getic sight-se]s1 :o are
 lab\r+ away1 catalogue & p5cil 9 h&1 !y
 />e languidly4 ,!y really ?\ght        
ev]ybody _h se5 ! pictures2 !y "k !y h3 
!y h />$ at !m until !y became a bore4  
,b ?is sort ( p1 :o only come once1 :y1 
( c\rse1 !y suppose ?is sort ( p mu/ be 
all[$ to pu% ab\t z !y please4 ,b x is a
 conf\nd$ nuisance2 x is really4  ,!    
great army ( art amateurs1 connoisseurs1
 & ! body :o are reg>d$ 9 ! arti/ic _w )
 f> great] rev]5ce--! not$ picture buy]s
 & deal]s1 h come & se51 & gone away    
aga92 aft] hav+ lavi%ly exp5d$ _!       
approbation or disapprobation1 &        
possibly 9 a less lib]al degree1 _! ca%4
 ,aft] ! fir/ week or s1 ! gall]ies beg9
 to cle> ( g5tlem5 ( ! class 9 "q2 ev5  
arti/s h got tir$ ( com+ to see _! own  
pictures1 p>ticul>ly if !y be n well    
hung2 & s ! exhibition is g5]ally h&$   
ov] dur+ ! great] "p ( its duration to !

 languid f> ni5te elegant cr[d we h se5 
?rong+ its corridors4 ,! gr& day = !    
money$ amateurs1 :o come to increase _! 
collections1 is1 h[ev]1 t ( ! private   
view4 ,?is g5]ally occurs on a          
,saturday1 & ! public is admitt$ on !   
foll[+ ,monday4 ,)9 an h\r ( ! op5+ on !
 =m] day1 ! rooms are cr[d$ ) a         
multitude ( notabilities4 ,y see t y are
 9 a special class ( society1 or r1 9   
two special classes--lit]>y & arti/ic on
 ! "o h&2 weal?y & socially elevat$ on !
 o!r4 ,! fact is evid5t 9 ! g5]al mutual
 acqua9tance%ip :i* prevails1 pr9cipally
 )9 ea* respective circle1 b by no means
 exclusively s4 ,fir/1 y are sure to    
obs]ve a clu/] ( ^? pe]s & memb]s (     
p>liam5t :o busy !mselves mo/ 9 social1 
lit]>y1 & arti/ic que/ions4 ,bi%ops1    
too1 are regul> private-view m52 capital
 judges1 moreov]1 & lib]al buy]s2 & we  
seldom miss cat*+ a glimpse ( "s doz5   
faces1 ^: proprietors are m5 /&+ at ! v 
top ( our hi/oric1 philosophic1 &       
critical lit]ature1 & :o move smil+ly   

ab\t1 amid ! ke5 b conceal$ inspection (
 ! cr[d1 :o pass _! names 9 :isp]s f    
gr\p to gr\p4  ,b ! class ( regul>      
picture-buy]s is q sui g5]is4 ,y may    
pit* ^u y\r man 9 a mom5t4 ,t5 to "o1 he
 is old1 & has all ! %rivell$1 high-dri$
 appe>ance ( ! mo/ f>-gone & confirm$   
ba*elorism4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t him looks old &
 old-fa%ion$4 ,8 hair is ?9 & gray1 & he
 %uffles along on a c\ple ( poor old    
%anks1 :i* w nev] look any /\t] unless x
 be "u ! influ5ce ( a fit ( ! g\t4 ,he  
we>s a :ite neckclo?1 arrang$ ) !       
celebrat$ wisp-tie--%oes a great deal   
too big = him--& to 8 ke51 tw9kl+ eyes  
he applies a pair ( heavy horn or       
silv]-set glasses4 ,^! old g5tlem5 appe>
 to "k ea* o!r z if by magic4 ,!y clu/] 
9 gr\ps l corks 9 a bas9 ( wat]1 & !n g 
hobbl+ eag]ly along1 pe]+ closely into !
 m promis+ works1 j]k+ _! heads f side  
to side1 s z to get ! pa9t+ 9 z _m      
lights z possible2 & full ( talk--good  
critical talk--ab\t ! productions 9     
c\rse ( inspection4 ,true1 !re may be   

some?+ 9 _! obs]vations speak+ too mu* (
 ! te*nical1 & too little ( ! m ideal   
faculty4 ,!y are great] ^u fle%-t9ts &  
pe>ly grays1 middle di/ances &          
*i>oscuro1 ?an ^u conception1           
expression1 or elevation or magnific5ce 
( s5tim5t4 ,nev]!less1 !y "k ?or\ghly   
:at app]ta9s to a good picture4 ,!y give
 a "w its place 9 a mom5t1 & assign x to
 its au?or by int]nal evid5ce1 ) an     
unfail+ accuracy1 :i* speaks ( long     
tra9+ & con/ant famili>ity ) all ! ma9  
/udios ( ,london4 ,p]haps y obs]ve "o ( 
our fri5ds app>5tly fasc9at$ be=e a     
p>ticul> canvas3 he dances ab\t1 s z to 
get x 9 e angle ( light4 ,!n he %uffles 
(f1 & br+s two o!r skilful old foggies1 
hold+ ea* by an arm2 & ! ?ree g ?r\gh ! 
=m] c]emony z to ! lights1 & !n lay _!  
heads toge!r2 & !n our orig9al p]sonage 
glides s(tly up to ! table :]e !        
secret>y's cl]k sits ) p5 & ink be=e    
him1 & :isp]s4 ,! cl]k smiles           
affably--turns up a regi/]3 !re are two 
or ?ree confid5tial words int]*ang$2 &  

!n he rises & /icks into ! frame ( !    
lucky picture a morsel ( c>d1 labell$   
',sold2' & leaves ! pur*as] gloat+ ov] 8
 acquisition4  ,& :]e d ^! pictures g8  
,frequ5tly to "s quiet1 solemn old h\se 
9 ! ,we/ ,end1 or to "s grange or manor 
f> d[n 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! picture-gall]y is 
! nurs]y ( t h\se--its pride & its boa/4
 ,ye> aft] ye> has ! sil5t family (     
canvas be5 increas+ & multiply+4 ,_!    
proprietor is1 z x 71 _! fa!r4 ,he has  
mo/ likely no liv+ ties1 & all 8 ?\ghts 
& all 8 ambitions are clu/]$ r\nd t     
sil5t gall]y1 :]e ! light comes /ream+  
d[n f high & half-clos$ w9d[s4 ,!       
collection gradually acquires a "n4     
,descriptions ( x are f\nd 9 guide-books
 & works ^u art4 ,/rang]s come to see x 
) tickets1 & a solemn h\sekeep] %ews !m 
up ! sil5t /airs1 & ?r\gh ! lonesome    
mansion to its sanctum sanctorum4 ,at   
l5g?1 p]haps1 ! old man takes 8 la/ look
 at 8 pictures1 & !n %uts 8 eyes = ev]4 
,x may be1 t )9 six weeks ! labori\sly  
collect$ pa9t+s are 9 a ,pall-,mall     

auction-room1 ) all ! _w bidd+ & buzz+  
r\nd ! pulpit2 or x may also *ance t a  
p>agraph goes ! r\nd ( ! pap]s1 intimat+
 t 8 celebrat$ & unrivall$ collection ( 
mod]n works ( art has be5 bequea!d by ! 
late ,mr ,s-&-s to ! nation--always on !
 condition1 t x provides "s fitt+ place 
= _! pres]vation4 ,! gov]nm5t receives  
beque/s ( ?is k9d (t5] ?an x complies ) 
! /ipulation4  ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 !    
fir/ ( ! gall]ies op5s its portals to ! 
_w4 ,?is is ! ,briti% ,in/itution1      
e/abli%$ at ! we/ end ( ,pall-,mall1 &  
n[ 9 exi/5ce = ! bett] "p ( a half      
c5tury4 ,! idea ( ! e/abli%m5t 0 to =m a
 sort ( nurs+ in/itution = ! ,royal     
,academy4 ,"h arti/s ( /&+ & reputation 
7 to exhibit _! sket*es & less important
 works2 & "h m juv5ile aspirants 7 to   
try _! w+s be=e be+ subject$ to ! m     
sev]e ordeal ( ,trafalg> ,squ>e4 ,! idea
 0 good1 & fl\ri%$ apace2 s mu* s1 t y n
 unfrequ5tly f9d 9 ! ,briti% ,in/itution
 no small proportion ( works ( a calibre
 h>dly bel[ ! av]age ( ! ,great         

,exhibition2 :ile ! ,a4 ,r4 ,a4's1 & ev5
 ! ari/ocratic ,r4 ,a4's#a !mselves1 d n
 by any means disda9 to grace ! humble  
walls ( ! ?ree rooms 9 ,pall-,mall4 ,?is
 ye>1 ! only picture ( ,sir ,edw9       
,l&se]'s exhibit$--a wild ,highl& corry1
 ) a />tl$ h]d ( r$ de]--is to be f\nd 9
 ! ,briti% ,in/itution4 ,b ! m]it ( !   
works is wond]fully unequal4 ,!y are (  
all classes & all sizes1 9 wat]-col\r & 
9 oils4 ,clev] sket*es by clev] unkn[ns1
 re/ beside sprawl+ frescos by y\?s ^:  
ambition is va/] ?an _! g5ius2 & f9i%$ &
 accompli%$ works ( art are set (f by ! 
foils ( unnumb]$ pieces ( un=m$ & n v   
promis+ m$iocrity4 ,among !m are !      
productions ( _m ( ! m humble pa9t]s (  
g5re subjects--! class :o delight 9     
portray+ homely cottage int]iors1 or    
troops ( play+ *ildr51 or bits (        
m9utely-f9i%$ /ill life--or c>eful      
academical /udies ( gr\ps ) all !       
conv5tions duly obs]v$3 ?is class (     
pictures mu/]s /rong1 & connoisseurs1   
)\t s mu* rem>k+ _! imp]fections1       

c>efully note _! promise4  ,a mon? aft] 
! op5+ ( ! ,briti% ,in/itution1 ?ree    
gall]ies become pat5t on ! same morn+3 !
 ,old ,wat] ,col\r1 9 ,pall-,mall ,ea/1 
! ,new ,wat] ,col\r1 9 ,pall-,mall ,we/1
 & a /ill m rec5tly f\nd$ society1      
call$1 some:at pomp\sly1 ! ,national    
,in/itution ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,^! are ma9ly 
compos$ ( diss5t]s f ! o!r              
associations--g5tlem5 :o conceive t !y h
 be5 ill-treat$ by ,hang+ ,committees1 &
 a l>ge class ( juv5ile b promis+       
arti/s1 :o resort to ! less cr[d$       
in/itutions 9 ! hope ( !re meet+ ) bett]
 places = _! works ?an 9 ! old] & m     
e/abli%$ bodies4 ,! two wat]-col\r      
gall]ies are bo? highly fav\r$          
exhibitions1 & pres5t works ( an        
importance q equal to ^? ( ! ,academy   
itself4 ,wat]-col\r pa9t+ is inde$ a    
national bran* ( art 9 ,engl&4 ,nei!r   
,fr5*1 ,g]mans1 nor ,italians1 c presume
 = a mom5t to cope ) u 9 ! matt] (      
aqu>elles4 ,!y h no notion ( ! p[] ( !  
m$ium1 ( ! /rong & ri* effects x is     

capable ( produc+1 & ! transp>5cy ( !   
t9ts :i* a great wat]-col\r arti/ c lay 
on4 ,ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago1 !re 0 b "o   
wat]-col\r society2 b increas+ numb]s1 &
 ! usual arti/ic feuds1 produc$ a p>tly 
natural1 p>tly ho/ile1 sep>ation4 ,!    
ladies & g5tlem5 :o )drew 7 ma9ly figure
 pa9t]s2 ^? :o /ay$ 7 ma9ly l&scape     
arti/s2 & ?us x happ5s1 t :ile 9 ! new  
society y are pr9cipally attract$ by    
hi/oric & g5re gr\ps &1 sc5es1 9 ! old y
 are fasc9at$ by l&scape & city pictures
 ( ! v highe/ ord] ( art4 ,! pa9t]s1    
too1 y obs]ve1 are v indu/ri\s4 ,! fact 
is1 !y c "w m quickly 9 wat] ?an 9 oil4 
,copley ,field+ w p]haps exhibit a score
 ( l&scapes1 blaz+ ) summ] sun%9e2      
,david ,cox1 half z _m--/]n & rugg$ 9   
tone & /yle2 ,george ,tripp w h pa9t$ 8 
fre% riv] & mead[ sc5es by ! doz52 & !  
two bro!rs ,callum w ea* h p\r$ 9 old   
,go?ic /reets & squ>es1 & %ips 9 calm & 
/orm1 :i* cat* y\r eye scores ( times ^u
 ! walls4 ,z 9 ! o!r society1 _m ( !    
f9e/ 'bits' contribut$ by !             

wat]-col\ri/s are n mu* above m9iature  
size4 ,! scre5s on :i* ^! gems are hung 
attract fully z mu* z ! walls ) _! m    
ambiti\s freight2 & ,j5k9's ru/ic       
lasses1 & ,topham's ,iri% gr\ps1 &      
,alfr$ ,fripp's d>k-ey$ ,italian monks &
 ,campagna peasants1 are z mu* gaz$ at z
 ,ri*>dson's sunny l&scapes or ,b5tley's
 breezy seas4  ,five m9utes' walk takes 
u to ! new society4 ,no lack ( l&scape  
"h2 b x is inf]ior to t 9 ! rival       
in/itution1 & its attractions are       
eclips$ by ambiti\s pictures ( hi/oric  
or fictiti\s int]e/2 ! sc5e almo/ always
 laid 9 ! picturesque /reets or rooms ( 
a m$ival city1 & ! gr\ps m>vels (       
display 9 ! matt] ( ! pa9t+ ( arm\r1    
arms1 & ! gorge\s velvets1 m9iv]s1 &    
brocades ( feudal gr&e t5ue4 ,see ,mr   
,edw>d ,corb\ld4 ,he is sure to be z    
picturesque & *ivalr\s z possible4 ,!re 
is ! v r+ ( ! r\gh old times 9 8 c>acol+
 processions ( ladies & knights1 or 8   
fi]ce sc5es ( h&-to-h& fight1 ) batt]$  
arm\r1 & fla%+ weapons1 & w\nd$ m5      

droop+ f _! /e$s4 ,or he pa9ts s(t]     
sc5es--passages ( silk5 dalliance &     
love2 ladies' b[]s & c\rtly revels 9    
alcov$ g>d5s4 ,mr ,haghe is equally     
m$ival1 b m /]nly & gloomily s4 ,he     
delights 9 sombre1 old ,flemi% rooms1 ) 
dim lights /ream+ ?r\gh n>r[ ,go?ic     
w9d[s1 ^u huge *imney-pieces & panell+s1
 incru/$ ) antique figures1 c>v$ 9 !    
black he>t ( oak--knights1 & squires1 & 
prie/s ( old4 ,!n he peoples ^! %ad[y   
*amb]s ) cr[ds ( /]n burgh]s1 or grave  
ecclesia/ics1 or soldi]s 'arm$ complete 
9 mail2' & s =ms /rik+ pieces ( gloomy  
picturesqu5ess4 ,figure-pa9t+s ( a      
light] calibre also ab\nd4 ,!re is ,mr  
,john ,absolon1 :o is 9 great reque/ =  
pa9t+ figures 9 panoramic pictures2 ,mr 
,lee1 ^: graceful rural maid5s are n to 
be surpass$3 ,mr ,w>r51 ^: he>t is ev] 9
 ! ,ea/2 & ,mr ,mole1 :o loves ! %iel+s 
( ! ,highl& hills4 ,l&scape1 ?\gh on !  
:ole subord9ate to g5re pictures1 is v  
respectably repres5t$2 & ! lady-arti/s  
usually make a good %[ on ! scre5s1     

p>ticul>ly 9 ! way ( graceful s+le      
figures1 & ! prett9esses ( fl[] & fruit 
pa9t+4  ,we c m]ely m5tion ! ,society ( 
,briti% ,arti/s & ! ,national           
,in/itution ( ,f9e ,art4 ,bo? are ma9ly 
compos$ ( ! natural ov]gr[? ( arti/s :o 
pref] a spe$y & fav\rable opportunity = 
! display ( _! works 9 m9or gall]ies1 to
 wait+ = ye>s & ye>s ere !y c "w        
!mselves up to good positions on ! walls
 ( ! ,academy4 ,_m ( ^! g5tlem51 h[ev]1 
exhibit bo? 9 ! small] & ! great]       
collection2 b "h & !re an arti/ w be    
f\nd ob/9ately conf9+ 8 contributions to
 "o pet e/abli%m5t--possibly ent]ta9+ a 
notion t he has be5 deeply wrong$ by !  
,hang+ ,committee ( ano!r4  ,bo? ( !    
exhibitions "u notice are v v>i\s 9     
m]it2 b ea* g5]ally conta9s "s able     
works1 & ! specialties ( "o or two      
pa9t]s di/+ui%$ by notable peculi>ities4
 ,?us ! presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,arti/s1   
,mr ,hurl/one1 has = sev]al seasons     
conf9$ himself to ,spani% subjects2 ,mr 
,we/ pa9ts ,norwegian l&scape2 ,mr ,pyne

 s5ds to ?is gall]y only 8 v spl5did    
lake-pictures2 & ,mr ,woolm]'s curi\s   
sket*es1 :i* seem comp\nd$ ( ! /yles (  
,turn] & ,watteau1 blaze almo/          
exclusively ^u ! walls4 ,! be/ m5 ( !   
,national ,in/itution contribute also to
 ! ,royal ,academy--z1 = example1 ,mr   
,glass1 ) 8 capital gr\ps ( hunt]s or   
troop]s1 s full ( life & movem5t2 & ,mr 
,p>k]1 ) 8 smuggl]s & coa/-boatm54 ,9   
?is exhibition--&1 inde$1 9 all !       
,london exhibitions--a family1 or r a   
race or clan ( arti/s1 connect$ at once 
by blood & /yle1 & rejoic+ 9 ! "n (     
,williams1 ab\nd & fl\ri% exce$+ly4 ,^! 
,williamses are dreadful puzzl]s to !   
/ud5ts ( ! catalogue2 !y positively sw>m
 ^u e page1 & ! bewild]$ read] is       
spe$ily lo/ 9 a p]fect *aos (           
undi/+ui%able initials4 ,sometimes1     
inde$1 ! ,williamses come =? "u o!r     
appellations--!y appe> z ,p]cies &      
,gilb]ts2 b ! di/+ui%+ m>k is /rong1 & a
 mom5t's inspection conv9ces ! amateur t
 ! l&scape be=e him1 attribut$ to ,mr   

,s-&-s1 is ! "w ( 'ano!r ( ^! ev]la/+   
,williamses4'  ,b ! fir/ ,saturday (    
,may arrives1 & ) x _m a rum\r1 true &  
false1 ( ! /ate ( matt]s )9 ! ,royal    
,academy--( ! academicians :o exhibit1 &
 ( :at are to be '!' pictures4 ,f e>ly  
morn+1 ,/ ,m>t9's bells h be5 r++1 & a  
fe/ival flag flies f ! /eeple2 no great 
pomp1 to be sure1 b x m>ks ! occasion4  
,ab\t noon1 ! ,que5's p>ty arrives1 &   
,h] ,maje/y is conduct$ ab\t ! rooms by 
! lead+ memb]s ( ! ,academy4 ,betwe5 "o 
& two1 %e dep>ts2 & imm$iately aft]1 !  
cr[d ( ticket-hold]s = ! private view   
clu/] be=e ! clos$ grat+s4 ,punctually z
 ! la/ /roke ( ! h\r /rikes1 ! portals  
are flung op51 & a cat>act ( eag]       
amateurs ru% up ! /aircases1 & make _!  
way /raight to ! inn] room1 or room (   
hon\r1 all 9 que/ ( ! picture1 to :i* ! 
pas has be5 giv51 by its be+ hung ^u !  
l9e 9 ! c5tre ( ! ea/]n wall ( !        
ap>tm5t4 ,! salons fill z by magic2 9   
half an h\r1 y c h>dly move ?r\gh a cr[d
 ( dignit>ies ( all k9ds--h]$it>y1      

social1 lit]>y1 sci5tific1 & arti/ic4   
,p]haps1 inde$1 !re is no mu/] 9 ,london
 :i* collects a great] numb] ( p]sonages
 fam\s 9 e po9t ( view4 ,! ladies ( !   
ari/ocracy sw>m z at a draw+-room4 ,!   
atmosph]e is all "o ru/le ( laces &     
silks2 & x is any?+ b easy to make "o's 
way among ! bevies ( clu/]$ beauties :o 
flock r\nd _! *ap]one1 all "o flutt] (  
ribbons1 fea!rs1 & fl[]s4 ,& to !       
,academy1 at all ev5ts1 come all mann] (
 political notabilities3 y f9d a        
secret>y ( /ate by y\r elb[1 & cat* !   
mutt]$ criticism ( a prime-m9i/]4       
,ord9>y pe]s & memb]s ( p>liam5t are    
?ick] ?an blackb]ries4 ,bi%ops prevail z
 usual2 & apropos ( ecclesia/ical       
co/umes1 peculi> loop$-up beav]s &      
s+le-brea/$ greatcoats1 ! odds are1 t y 
w be attract$ by ! portly figure & n v  
ref9$ face ( ! ,romi% dignit>y ^:       
pret5sions1 a c\ple ( ye>s ago1 set !   
c\ntry 9 a blaze4 ,! mu/] ( lit]>y m5 is
 l>ge & brilliant4 ,mr ,hallam is mo/   
likely !re z ,pr(essor ( ,anci5t ,hi/ory

 to ! ,academy2 & ,mr ,macaulay z       
,pr(essor ( ,anci5t ,lit]ature4 ,sir    
,george ,/aunton puts 9 an appe>ance z  
,secret>y = ,=eign ,correspond5ce2 &    
bloom+ ,sir ,rob]t ,h>ry ,+lis1 ) !     
l>ge/ ( roses at 8 button-hole1 looks ! 
mo/ g5ial & good-hum\r$ ( 'antiqu>ies4' 
,! ,academicians--lucky ,=ty6--mu/]     
e>ly4 ,happy fell[s6 !y h no qualms (   
d\bt1 or sick-agonies ( expectation z !y
 m\nt ! broad flight ( /eps4 ,!y h be5  
giv+ h9ts to ! ,hang+ ,committee1 or !y 
h be5 on ! ,hang+ ,committee !mselves4  
,well !y "k t _! works h be5 at lea/    
provid$ =--all on ! l9e1 or ne> x2 all 9
 ! be/ lights2 & all titivat$ & poli%$  
up & v>ni%$ on ! walls1 & adapt$1 z x 71
 to ! situation4 ,y may "k an ,r4 ,a4 on
 ! private view-day by ! broad1 exp&+   
jollity ( 8 visage1 if he be a man ( t  
/amp1 or by a c]ta9 quiet1 self-satisfi$
 smile ( self-complac5ce1 if he be a man
 ( ano!r4  ,b he looks & be>s himself z 
a ho/4 ,he cic]ones delight$ p>ties (   
lady-fri5ds ) 8 face all "o smile (     

c\rtesy1 or he does ! hon\rs ) dignity &
 a l(ty s5se (--we d n speak            
disrespectfully--( be+ on 8 own         
dunghill1 9 respect to ! m important    
exigeant connoisseurs1 :om he ?9ks x "r 
to patronise4 ,he always praises 8      
bre?r5's works1 & discov]s 9 !m hidd5   
virtues4 ,= ! ,associates1 he has m9or  
smiles & mild] words4 ,! ord9>y mob (   
exhibit]s he looks d[n ^u ) a calm &    
complac5t gaze1 z ?\gh f ! summit ( a   
,mont ,blanc ( sup]iority4 ,at any bold 
defi] ( ! conv5tions & traditions ( !   
,academy draw+-s*ool1 he %akes 8 head4  
,! pre-,raphaelite h]esy 0 a sore       
affliction to him4 ,he look$ ^u ,millais
 & ,hunt z a ,l[-*ur* bi%op w\ld reg>d  
,newman & ,pusey4 ,he prophesi$ t !y    
w\ld come to no good4 ,he call$ !m      
'silly boys2' & he looks uneasily at !  
cr[ds :o ?rong be=e ?is ye>'s picture ( 
! ,hugu5ot ,c\ple--n recov]+ 8          
self-complac5cy until 8 eye cat*es 8 own
 fav\rite "w1 :5 he feels himself       
gradually mollifi$1 & smiles anew ^u !  

_w4  ,n s ! nameless arti/1 ^: "w ( _m  
toil+ days1 & _m sleepless nights1 has  
be5 s5t 9 unprotect$ to take its *ance4 
,he kn[s no?+ ( its fate until he c get 
a catalogue4 ,x may be on ! l9e 9 ! ea/ 
room2 x may be above ! octagon-room     
door2 x may n be hung at all4 ,only !   
great arti/ic guns are invit$ to !      
private view1 ! re/ mu/ wait till       
,monday4 ,possibly a /ray catalogue puts
 him s f> out ( 8 pa9 on ,sunday4 ,if n1
 he passes a fev]i% & unhappy "t till ! 
aft]noon ( ,monday2 & !n1 fir/ among !  
cr[d1 ru%es franticly up /airs4 ,we _h  
an opportunity ! o!r day ( see+ ! result
 ( a case ( ! k9d4 ,! picture--a "w (   
great fancy & high feel+1 b defici5t 9  
manipulative skill--! arti/1 a poet 9 ! 
true s5se ( ! ^w1 _h sp5t mon?s 9 dream+
 & 9 joy+ ov]4 ,he f\nd x 9 ! d+ie/     
corn] ( ! octagon-room4 ,8 lip quiv]$ & 
8 *e/ heav$4 ,he pull$ 8 hat fur!r d[n  
on 8 face1 & walk$ quickly & quietly    
out4  ,we w\ld gladly1 inde$1 see !     
octagon-room aboli%$4 ,a picture is     

degrad$1 & an arti/ is insult$1 by a    
pa9t+ be+ hung 9 ?is d>ksome & 'condemn$
 cell4' ,! canvas gets a 'jail-bird'    
/amp1 & its "* is gone4 ,9 ,france1 at !
 ,palais-,royal1 ! "y arti/s h a f>     
bett] *ance4 ,aft] a /at$ "t1 !         
pictures1 :i*1 z ! be/ h prim>ily _h !  
be/ places1 *ange /ations ) _! inf]iors2
 s t ev]ybody 9 turn enjoys ! advantages
 ( ! brighte/ lights & ! mo/ fav\rable  
po9ts ( view4  ,no ne$1 ( c\rse1 (      
attempt+ ev5 ! mo/ summ>y sket* ( !     
/yles & ord9>y subjects ( ! great pa9t]s
 :o be> al(t ! bann] ( ! ,briti% s*ool (
 art--( ,l&se]'s glimpses ( ! ,highl&s2 
or ,/anfield's skyey1 breezy l&scapes2 (
 ! quiet pieces ( ,engli% rural         
sc5]y--mead[s1 & woodl& glades1 & riv]  
bits1 fre% & ri*1 & gre5 & natural--(   
our ,lees1 our ,creswicks1 our ,coop]s1 
our ,)]+tons1 our ,r$graves1 our        
,ausdills2 ( ! classic elegance &       
elevat$ s5tim5t ( gr\ps by our ,dyces & 
our ,ea/lakes2 ( ! abundance ( clev]    
g5re subjects--sc5es f hi/ory or        

romance--p\r$ 9 by our ,w>ds1 our       
,fri?s1 our ,pooles1 our ,elmores1 our  
,eggs2 or (--la/1 n lea/--! /range b    
clev] vag>ies ( t new s*ool1 !          
pre-,raphaelites1 :o are />tl+ bo?      
,academy & public by ! qua9tness ( _!   
art-!ories1 & ! vehem5t int5sity ( _!   
/yle ( execution4 ,all ! summ] long1 !  
_w is free to g & gaze ^u !m4 ,all !    
summ] long1 ! salons are cr[d$ f morn+  
till night--9 ! e>li] h\rs1 by arti/s & 
consci5ti\s amateurs1 ! humbl] sort (   
folks1 :o h daily "w to d2 9 ! lat]1 by 
our old fri5ds1 ! />+1 ins\ciant1 l\ng+1
 fa%ionable mob1 ^: c>riages & ,br\ghams
 g creep+ lazily r\nd & r\nd ,trafalg>  
,squ>e4 ,& at p>ties & balls1 & all su* 
reunions1 ! exhibition =ms a ma9 topic (
 disc\rse4 ,ba%ful g5tlem5 "k x = a     
bless+4 ,(t5 & (t5 does x s]ve z a mo/  
cr$itable lev] to break ! ice )4 ,!     
newspap]s long res\nd ) critical columns
 apropos ( ,trafalg> ,squ>e4 ,y see     
'six? notice' atta*$ to a =midable mass 
( pr9t1 & read on1 or pass on1 z y      

please4 ,b y di/9ctly obs]ve1 at any    
rate1 ! social & conv]sational1 z well z
 ! arti/ic importance ( ! ,royal        
,academy2 & y confess1 t a ,london      
season w\ld be %orn ( its brighte/      
feature if y %ut ! gates ( ! ,national  
,gall]y4                                
,a4 ,b4 ,r4   ,,footnotes3  #a          
,associates ,royal ,academy1 & ,royal   
,academicians4     ,,bill ,,williams3   
,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,cali=nia4   ,x 0 9 !    
fir/ flu% ( ! ,cali=nian fev]1 :5       
mod]ate p talk$ ( mak+ "o's =tune 9 a   
=tnight1 & ! m sangu9e believ$ t gold5  
pok]s w\ld soon become r common1 t !    
,betsy ,jones f ,london to ,new ,zeal&1 
) myself on bo>d z a pass5g]1 dropp$    
an*or 9 ! bay ( ,san ,francisco1 & ma/] 
& man turn$ out = ! digg+s4 ,x is my    
impression t n a s\l rema9$ on bo>d b ! 
surgeon1 :o 0 sick1 & ! negro cook1 :o  
w\ldn't leave him2 & ! fir/ man ,i met  
on ! deck ( ! ,g-,ahead /eam]1 :i* took 
z up to ,sacram5to1 0 our ent]pris+     
capta91 clad 9 a canvas jacket & tr\s]s1

 ) ! gold-wa%+ app>atus1 two %irts1 & a 
t9 kettle1 slung at 8 back4 ,! crew     
foll[$ 8 example1 & all ! pass5g]s4 ,!  
latt] 7 "s ?irty m51 f e corn] (        
,brita91 & ( v>i\s bir? & bre$+4 ,!re 7 
indu/ri\s f>m-s]vants & sp5d?rift sons (
 g5tlem5 among !m4 ,"s _h sail$ ) money1
 to pur*ase l& 9 ! s\!rn colony1 "s 7   
provid$ only ) _! hopes & s9ews2 b      
,cali=nia 0 an irresi/ible temptation to
 !m all1 & by g5]al desire1 !y _h come  
to try _! luck at ! wa%+4 ,we _h m]e    
boys & m5 ( grizzl+ hair 9 our company4 
,two 7 m>ri$1 b !y wisely left _! wives 
9 ,san ,francisco1 :]e1 hav+ br\ght ) !m
 "s sp>e blankets & crock]y1 ! ladies   
improvis$ a bo>d+-h\se1 & ,i believe    
realis$ m ?an _! w&]+ lords4 ,nev]!less1
 we1 "o & all1 w5t up ! broad riv] )    
l(ti] expectations ?an ! prud5t among u 
c>$ to make public4  ,!re 0 "o :o made  
no secret ( 8 hopes4 ,! man's "n 0 ,bill
 ,williams4 ,i _h _h a loose acqua9tance
 ) ,bill f s*ool-"t1 = we _h be5 br\ght 
up 9 ! same good t[n ( ,man*e/]1 :]e 8  

fa!r 0 a respectable tradesman1 & 8 ?ree
 bro!rs 7 /ill 9 bus9ess4 ,_m a t[n & _m
 a trade _h ,bill tri$ to little        
purpose4 ,nev] do+ :at 8 relatives c\ld 
call well1 he _h gone ?r\gh a s]ies (   
failures1 :i* tir$ out bo? k9sm5 &      
cr$itors1 & at l5g? %ipp$ = ,new ,zeal&1
 leav+ a wife & sev5 *ildr5 to ! c>e ( !
 said ?ree bro!rs1 till he %\ld see h[ !
 climate agre$ ) him1 & f9d a home = !m4
 ,bill did n belong to ! ext5d$         
frat]nity ( scapegraces4 ,he 0 nei!r    
wild nor wor?less1 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ^? 
t]ms1 b !re 0 a fai? 9 him1 ! orig9 (   
:i* baffl$ 8 mo/ p5etrat+ fri5ds1 t he 0
 to get money someh[ )\t work+ = x by   
any ( ! common me?ods4 ,unlike _m a     
pr(essor ( bett] pr9ciples1 ,bill _h    
c>ri$ t fai? into practice4 ,"u its     
influ5ce1 he _h engag$ 9 e s*eme = mak+ 
=tunes ) incr$ible rapidity :i*         
c(fee-h\se acqua9tances or adv]tis+     
%eets br\ght to 8 k4 ,!re 0 n a bank+   
bubble by :i* he _h n lo/1 nor a m9+    
company ( va/ promise & brief exi/5ce 9 

:i* he _h n held %>es4 ,uncompromis+ly  
av]se to ! jog-trot "w ( ord9>y mortals4
 ,bill 0 nei!r indol5t nor timid 9 8 own
 peculi> fa%ion ( seek+ ri*es4 ,he w\ld 
h gone up 9 a balloon to any height1 or 
d[n 9 a div+-bell to dep?s yet uns\nd$1 
_h ! promise be5 l>ge en\gh2 & !re 0    
some?+ s suitable to 8 incl9ations 9 !  
,cali=nian reports1 t he 0 ! prime mov] 
( our visit to ,san ,francisco1 & !     
entire des]tion ( ! %ip4 ,/range to say1
 e man on bo>d believ$ 9 ,bill2 f !     
capta9 to ! cab9-boy1 !y _h all li/5$ to
 8 tales4 ,:]e he _h le>n$ su* a numb]1 
=tune kn[s1 conc]n+ f\nd treasures1 &   
weal? sudd5ly obta9$ by unexpect$ & r   
impracticable ways4 ,t 0 ! :ole circle (
 ,bill's lit]ature1 & go+ ov] x appe>$ 8
 *ief joy2 b ! gem ( ! collection 0 a   
prophecy :i* a gipsy woman1 :om 8 "m met
 once 9 a c\ntry excursion1 _h utt]$    
conc]n+ himself--t he %\ld f9d ri*es he 
nev] wr\ght =1 & leave a great =tune    
beh9d him4 ,9 ! fai? ( t pr$iction ,bill
 _h liv$2 & x 0 a curi\s illu/ration ( !

 sympa!tic =ce inh]5t 9 a firm belief1 t
 bo? pass5g]s & seam51 ev5 ^? :o affect$
 to laugh at ! re/ ( :at !y call$ 8     
wond]ful y>ns1 ent]ta9$ a secret        
conviction 9 fav\r ( t tale1 & felt     
secure ( gold-ga!r+ 9 ,bill's company4  
,i am n c]ta9 t my own m9d 0 entirely   
cle> ( a simil> impression1 b ! two     
among u :o contemn$ l\de/ & believ$ mo/ 
dev\tly1 7 ! capta9 & 8 mate4 ,!y 7     
bro!rs1 & ( ,jewi% p>5tage2 ! re/ ( !   
family /ill hang ab\t an old-clo!s &    
dye+ e/abli%m5t 9 ! neighb\rhood (      
,h\ndsdit*4 ,i made t discov]y by an    
accid5tal glance at a torn & mislaid    
lett] be=e we left ! ,?ames1 & ?\ght    
prop] to res]ve x = private m$itation4  
,! relation%ip ( ! two 0 kept a pr(\nd  
secret1 = reasons be/ kn[n to !mselves2 
b to ! eye at lea/ x 0 reveal$ by _!    
/rik+ resemblance1 bo? be+ small1 sp>e1 
d+y-complexion$ m51 ) ke51 cunn+ eyes1 &
 faces t look$ z h>d & %>p z /eel4 ,ev] 
s9ce !y fir/ he>d ( ! prophecy1 !y _h   
half ridicul$1 half flatt]$1 & kept     

rem>kably famili> ) ,bill4 ,t famili>ity
 r increas$ z we w5t up ! ,sacram5to4 ,a
 goodly numb] we made on ! deck ( !     
,g-,ahead1 our only place (             
accommodation2 & at l5g? we rea*$ ! new 
t[n1 ! gold5 city1 :i* takes its "n f ! 
riv]1 *ri/5$ 9 old times ( ,spani%      
voyag+ by "s discov]] = 8 ,ca?olic      
maje/y1 & :i* 0 to be ! metropolis ( !  
digg+s4 ,:5 ,i fir/ saw x1 x consi/$ (  
"s hundr$ huts & t5ts1 a l>ge           
frame-h\se1 9 :i* an adv]tis+ bo>d in=m$
 u !re 0 an ord9>y1 a gam+-table1 & all 
mann] ( spirits2 & a timb] :>f1 some:at 
tempor>ily put toge!r1 at :i* we l&$4   
,yet ! city 0 ris+1 z cities rise only 9
 ! we/]n hemisph]e3 broad /reets &      
squ>es 7 m>k$ out2 build+ 0 go+ =w>d on 
all sides2 :ile bullock-wagons1 canoes1 
& /eam]s1 br\ght mat]ials by l& & wat]4 
,! ent]prise & vagrancy ( all nations 7 
!re1 z we _h se5 !m at ,san ,francisco2 
& ^? n engag$ 9 build+ ! t[n1 7 go+ (f 9
 c>avans to ! gold-ga!r+4  ,we frat]nis$
 ) a company ( ,am]icans1 :o said !y    

knew 'a bluff t flogg$ creation = ! real
 metal1' & sold u two sp>e t5ts & a     
wagon1 at a price m>vell\s to ask or    
pay4 ,our j\rney 0 n f>4 ,x l$ along !  
c\rse ( ! ,sacram5to1 & t[>ds ev5+ we   
came 9 sight ( ! digg+s4 ,a /range sight
 x 0 = "o accu/om$ to ,london /reets &  
%ops4 ,! ,sacram5to runs ?r\gh a great  
incl9$ plane1 slop+ f ! hill-c\ntry to !
 sea4 ,"h & !re1 x is cov]$ ) l[ coppice
 or und]wood2 b ! great] "p is b>e &    
s&y1 or spr9kl$ ov] ) ?91 dry wav+      
grass4 ,z f> z ! eye c\ld rea* ^u !     
pla91 & up ! riv]-banks1 ! smoke ( fires
 0 ris+ f hut1 t5t1 & upturn$ wagon1 :i*
 s]v$ = tempor>y dwell+s4 ,gr\ps ( m5 7 
h>d at "w 9 small tr5*es1 & numb]s m    
/ood ) pan & cradle1 wa%+ out ! gold 9 !
 %all[ creeks ( ! riv]4 ',our location1'
 z ! ,am]icans call$ x1 0 an e>?y       
promontory jutt+ f> out into ! wat]4    
,close by its l&w>d base we pit*$ our   
t5ts1 turn$ up our wagon--! bullocks t  
br\ght x belong$ to ! ,am]icans1 :o     
promis$ to sell u a %>e :5 !y 7 kill$--&

 comm5c$ op]ations4 ,digg+ out t5aci\s  
clay1 & wa%+ its s&y p>ticles = m9ute   
gra9s ( gold1 sleep+ "u canvas at night1
 & liv+ on half-cook$ & n v *oice       
provisions1 h little 9 !m ( int]e/ wor? 
relat+4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /ruck me1 0 !      
sil5ce t prevail$ among ! work]s4 ,9 a  
di/rict s popul\s1 sc>cely a s\nd 0 he>d
 f t5t1 tr5*1 or riv]4 ,c>avan aft]     
c>avan1 z x arriv$1 pit*$ its t5ts1 &   
fell to "w 9 ! same quiet fa%ion4 ,a    
cynical "* might h attribut$ ?is to !   
abs5ce ( all fem99e faces1 = 9 my "t !re
 0 n a woman at ! digg+s4 ,incr$ible z x
 may seem to ! fair ones !mselves1 !y 7 
n miss$2 b nobody miss$ any?+ except    
gold4 ,relations p>t$2 old comrades left
 ea* o!r ) sc>cely a leave--tak+ 9 se>* 
( bett] ga!r+s2 our ,am]ican fri5ds     
began to get tir$ ( ! bluff t flogg$    
creation2 = al?\gh we 7 gett+ gold1 x 0 
b little1 & ! m impati5t spirits ( our  
company dep>t$ ) !m to f9d ano!r4  ,i   
wond]$ t ,bill did n jo9 _! company4 ,he
 0 long ago we>y ( gold-wa%+2 ! "w 0 too

 regul>1 & ! returns f> too sl[ = him4  
,he us$ to decl>e t %opkeep+ 0 bett]2 & 
x is probable t mo/ ( u _h simil>       
convictions reg>d+ ! vocations we _h    
left 9 ,brita92 b except occasionally   
cook+ = ! re/1 smok+ ! tobacco he _h    
provid5tly br\ght ) him1 & sugge/+ wild 
projects ( digg+ d[n ! bluff1 & dr$g+ ! 
riv] = lamps ( gold1 :i*1 he said1 all !
 gra9s we f\nd came (f1 ,bill at la/ did
 no?+ at all4 ,) h>d lab\r & h>d] f>e1  
we _h collect$ "s ( u m & "s less ( !   
preci\s du/2 b nobody's =tune 0 yet     
made1 & ! ra9y season set 94  ,! heavy  
ra9s conf9$ u = days to ! %elt] ( t5t & 
wagon2 b ! days 7 no?+ to ! nights1 :i* 
on ! banks ( ! ,sacram5to are almo/     
equ9octial ?r\gh\t ! ye>2 & we _h nei!r 
coal nor c&le4 ,all ! fuel t c\ld be    
f\nd 0 r too little = cul9>y purposes4  
,conc]n+ ! re/ ( our com=ts1 !re is no  
use 9 be+ p>ticul>2 b at int]vals betwe5
 ! dr[n+ %[]s1 we 7 will+ en\gh to come 
out & "w1 ?\gh ! muddy soil & ! swoll5  
riv] made our lab\r /ill h>d]1 & our    

pr(its less4 ,! be/ s]vice 0 done u by  
an hone/ ,paisley weav]1 :o _h left 8   
helpmate & two *ildr5 at ,san           
,francisco1 9 hopes ( tak+ back1 q full1
 a /rong *e/1 ( "s two hundr$weight     
capacity1 :i* he _h br\ght ) inf9ite    
pa9s to ! digg+s4 ,he enliv5$ our wet   
leisure by repeat+ :ole volumes ( ,burns
 & ,scott4 ,bill also return$ to 8      
wond]ful /ories1 ?\gh ! capta9 & mate   
sne]$ at !m m ?an ev]2 inde$1 !y 7 by f>
 ! mo/ discont5t$ ( ! company1 & an     
unacc\ntable sort ( di/ru/ seem$ gr[+   
betwe5 !m & ,bill4 ,at l5g?1 fev] & ague
 began to ?9 ! ranks ( ! gold-seek]s2 we
 saw ! work+-p>ties ar\nd u dim9i% day  
by day1 & graves dug 9 ! %ad[s ( ! l[   
coppice4 ,our company kept lip amaz+ly1 
p]haps because1 accord+ to ! capta9's   
c\nsel1 we held b little communication )
 o!r work]s2 b ! want ( ! buffalo-meat1 
:i* ! ,indian trad]s 7 accu/om$ to br+1 
0 mu* felt among u2 & "o day less ra9y  
?an usual1 ,bill ,williams1 z ! idle/1 0
 s5t up ! riv]'s bank1 on _! wont$      

track1 to look out = _! com+4 ,! re/ 7  
busy1 & did n miss him2 b ,i ?\ght he   
/ay$ long4 ,! sky became unusually d>k2 
great cl\ds float$ ov] u f ! we/1 & !n  
broke ) a sudd5 ?und]-cra%1 :i* 0 r5ew$ 
e five m9utes ) su* ra9 & lightn+ z ,i  
_h nev] se54 ,we ran to our t5ts1 &1 :5 
fairly %elt]$1 ,bill also arriv$1 wet to
 ! sk91 out ( brea?1 & look+ t]ribly    
fright5$4 ,he said1 ha/ily1 t he _h se5 
no?+1 & no ^w ( ! ,indians2 b ! poor    
fell[ began to %iv] z he spoke1 & be=e  
ev5+ ! fev] 0 /rong ^u him4  ,to keep ! 
re/ safe1 he 0 qu>t]$ alone 9 a small   
hut :i* ! ,am]icans _h left u4 ,x 0 a   
poor %elt]1 be+ built ( turf1 & ro($ )  
b\ghs & grass1 b z good z any we _h4    
,!re 0 no surgeon among u1 & h&+ him    
food or dr9k 0 deem$ a p]il\s bus9ess2 b
 all 8 comrades _h a sort ( a lik+ =    
,bill1 &1 besides1 he 0 reg>d$ z !      
palladium ( ! p>ty4 ,! fev] 0 n viol5t1 
?\gh ,bill rav$ at times1 & all 8 w&]+s 
7 aft] gold4 ,i h he>d him talk =       
half-h\rs toge!r 9 a l\d :isp]1 z if    

communicat+ a secret to "s v dull c>1   
conc]n+ a pool among rocks1 ) gli/5+    
s&s1 & some?+ %9+ f> d[n 9 a crevice4   
,he 0 re/less1 too1 & kept look+ out on 
! track ( ! ,indians aft] !y _h come &  
gone4 ,"o ev5+ ,i obs]v$ him p>ticul>ly 
s4 ,! night fell ) heavy ra92 we all    
took e>ly to %elt]1 & slept s s\ndly1 t 
,bill 0 =gott5 among u2 b 9 ! morn+ we  
f\nd him ly+ wrapp$ 9 8 blanket1 z      
?or\ghly wet z if he _h be5 dipp$ 9 !   
riv]1 :ile ! hut rema9$ q dry4 ,:]e he  
_h be51 or "u :at illusion ( ! fev]1 we 
c\ld n le>n1 = he nev] spoke a rational 
^w aft]4 ,! wet & exposure increas$ 8   
malady t5fold4 ,he became fi]cely       
deliri\s1 & /ruck at :oev] approa*$ him1
 swe>+ he w\ld let nobody kill him = 8  
gold4 ,! capta9 w>n$ u all1 t ?is 0 !   
mo/ dang]\s "t = infection2 b ,i saw t  
he & 8 bro!r _h got w9d ( some?+1 = _!  
eyes 7 nev] (f ! hut4  ,t[>ds ! second  
ev5+1 ,bill grew worse1 8 rav+s became  
fa9t & l[1 & he lay ga!r$ up on a corn] 
( 8 mattress4 ,i _h plac$ a pit*] ( wat]

 z ne> him z possible1 escap+ by *ance a
 bl[ :i* ! poor s\l /ruck at me 9 8     
fev]i% fury2 b ,i c\ld n help ?9k+ ( him
 :5 we _h all gone to re/4 ,! night 0 s 
/ill1 t ,i c\ld he> ! ru% ( ! riv] & !  
cries ( ! night-hawks on its opposite   
bank2 b be+ unable to sleep1 ,i crept   
out ( ! t5t1 & look$ to ,bill's hut4 ,a 
smo!r$ s\nd ( scuffl+ came f t          
direction1 & /epp+ ne>]1 ,i saw by !    
ris+ moon1 :i* j !n %one ) extraord9>y  
brightness1 two m5 /ruggl+1 z x seem$ = 
life1 9 ! n>r[ space betwe5 ,bill's b$ &
 ! door4  ',if y don't give me ! full   
half1 ,i'll tell !m all1' said ! voice (
 ! capta9's bro!r2 b almo/ z he spoke1 8
 antagoni/ ?rew him heavily back4 ,i    
knew x 0 ^u poor ,williams1 = a l[ moan 
rea*$ my e>1 & ,i sprang =w>d j 9 "t to 
int]cept ! victor1 :o /umbl$ ov] me z he
 ru%$ out1 & a heavy bag roll$ f him4 ,!
 next mom5t ! o!r 0 at my side1 & ,i    
/ood face to face ) ! capta9 & 8 bro!r 9
 ! broad moonlight4 ,! bag = :i* !y _h  
sneak$1 & s9n$1 & scuffl$1 _h bur/ by ! 

fall1 & its cont5ts--/ones1 gravel1 &   
s&1 ) "s small sp>kles ( gold-du/ among/
 !m--7 scatt]$ at my feet4 ,bo? /ood    
/upefi$1 & ,i /epp$ into ! hut2 b ,bill 
0 dead1 & gr[+ cold1 ) 8 /iff h&s /ret*$
 out1 z if clut*+ at some?+1 & a wild   
expression ( pa9 & ang] 9 ! gha/ly face1
 :i* lay turn$ up to ! moon4 ,h] light  
fill$ ! hut1 & lay ^u pla91 & t5t1 &    
riv]4 ,x 0 a glori\s night1 su* z       
sometimes %9es 9 ! gold-c\ntry4 ,i woke 
up my comrades1 & told !m :at ,i _h se51
 b !y all said3 ',poor ,bill6 ,h[ c\ld  
!y help x8 & x 0 a good ?+ t ! capta9 & 
8 *um _h be5 disappo9t$2' ^u :i* e man  
compos$ himself aga9 to sleep4  ,next   
morn+1 ! capta9 & mate 7 gone ) all _!  
traps1 hav+ jo9$1 z we aft]w>ds he>d1 a 
company return+ to ,san ,francisco4 ,we 
laid ,bill beside ! gold-seek]s :o re/$ 
9 ! coppice1 & our company broke up1 &  
scatt]$ away3 "s settl$ at ,san         
,francisco2 "s w5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &
 ,i1 hav+ collect$ ?r\gh s _m h>d%ips   
almo/ a p\nd ( du/1 return$ to !        

employm5t ,i _h left 9 ,london ) su*    
high contempt4 ,f an old comrade1 h[ev]1
 /ill locat$ at ! digg+s1 ,i he>d by    
lett] t a p>ty ( ,am]icans _h made a    
great discov]y ( gold among "s rocks 9 a
 creek ( ! ,sacram5to1 & t !y _h f\nd1  
/ick+ fa/ 9 a crevice close by1 a small 
spade m>k$ ) ! "n ( ,bill ,williams1 :i*
 ! poor fell[ _h cut on ! h&le1 z ,i    
well rememb]$1 9 "o ( 8 _m idle h\rs4   
,?is expla9$ to me ,bill's long abs5ce  
:5 he w5t to look = ! ,indians1 8       
aft]-anxiety1 & :]e he _h be5 9 !       
delirium ( ! fev]1 fill+ up t canvas bag
 :i* s fatally deceiv$ ! capta9 & 8     
bro!r4 ,! la/ ,i he>d ( ^! wor?ies 01 t 
!y _h gone to ! digg+s 9 ,au/ralia2 & ,i
 nev] see gold 9 any %ape )\t a         
recollection ( _! disappo9tm5t1 & my own
 exp]i5ces 9 ,cali=nia4     ,,hygi5ic   
,,*ange ,,( ,,air4   ,! age ( hygi5e is 
rapidly approa*+1 :5 ! exhibition (     
drugs w be ! exception in/ead ( ! rule 9
 m$ical treatm5t4 ,= ?is reason1 !      
effect ( climate on disease is ris+ into

 a subject ( fir/-rate importance1 &1 no
 long] a prejudice or a tradition1      
submits to ! inve/igations ( sci5ce4 ,! 
*ief rec5t writ]s on :at we already     
presume to call climatology1 are ,sir   
,james ,cl>k 9 ,engl&1 ,s*\w 9 ,sw$51 & 
,c>rire 9 ,france2 & n[ !re comes ,dr   
,burgess1 arm$ ) ! unit$ au?ority ( ^!  
physicians1 & ) 8 own exp]i5ce1 to      
indoctr9ate ! public z well z !         
pr(ession4 ,8 book is ( mod]ate size &  
price1 & we recomm5d x to all invalids1 
:e!r !y are able to travel abroad1 or   
are conf9$ by circum/ances to _! own    
c\ntry2 b 9 ! meantime1 z ! subject is  
bo? new & int]e/+ to g5]al read]s1 we   
propose giv+ !m an inkl+ ( :at x        
conta9s4#b  ,we d n mean t ! subject (  
climate is new 9 itself3 x is only new 9
 its treatm5t4 ,we h all1 f our e>lie/  
y\?1 he>d ( ! effects ( climate2 we h   
all be5 br\ght up to believe 9 c]ta9    
=eign places2 & we h all obs]v$ t       
:5--consumption1 = in/ance--approa*es   
its la/ /age 7r>ely be=e71 x is %ipp$   

(f1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 = ,italy or ! s\?
 ( ,france4 ,&1 alas6 we h all he>d f ! 
wan lips ( ! /rick5 "o exclud$ by pov]ty
 f ! privilege ( =eign travel3 ',if ,i  
c\ld b get to a w>m climate1 ,i %\ld    
live6' ,su* notions1 "r or wrong1 dep5d$
 exclusively ^u habit or prejudice4     
,exp]i5ce _h no effect ^u !m1 any m ?an 
x _h ^u ! or?odox c\rse ( m$ic9es :i*   
entitl$ ! dea? ( a pati5t to be consid]$
 pr(essionally legitimate4 ,sometimes1  
inde$1 ! v5ue 0 *ang$1 & "o place became
 m fa%ionable ?an ano!r to die 94 ,"h ! 
gr\p ( ,engli% tombs grew gray & anci5t1
 & !re a new city ( ! sil5t sprang up ) 
! sudd5ness ( an ,am]ican emporium4 ,b  
/ill ! cry 03 ',a w>m climate6 ,give u  
,italy1 or we p]i%6'  ,b we ne$ n say ! 
cry 03 x cont9ues to ?is mom5t4 ,su*    
impressions are long ( be+ dispell$2 x  
takes a great _m ye>s = ! voice ( d\bt  
ev5 to rea* completely ! public e>2 & we
 ?9k x a privilege to be able to take   
su* advantage ( our wide circulation z w
 give rep9+ invalids to und]/&1 t !     

advantages ( a =eign climate are closely
 limit$ by "o portion ( ! pr(ession1 &  
consid]$ by ano!r portion z highly      
problematical1 if n entirely vision>y4  
,?is applies1 h[ev]1 ma9ly to           
consumption2 = ! advantages ( ! climatic
 *ange are seldom d5i$ 9 dyspepsy1      
rheumatism1 scr(ula1 & ! tribe ( n]v\s  
diseases4 ,ev5 9 ^!1 h[ev]1 ! locality  
*os5 is r>ely a prop] "o4 ,!re are      
c\ntries :i*1 if !y c\ld only obta9 !   
/amp ( fa%ion1 w\ld be invaluable to !  
invalid4 ',! climate ( ,norway1 =       
example1' says ,dr ,burgess1 'is        
admirably suit$1 dur+ sev]al mon?s ( !  
ye>1 betwe5 ! middle ( ,may & ! middle (
 ,septemb]1 = c]ta9 =ms ( dyspepsy1     
lesions ( ! n]v\s sy/em affect+ ! m9d1  
or t =m ( g5]al inn]vation :i* results f
 an ov]wr\ght bra91 & diseases (        
repletion4 ,b ,norway is little         
frequ5t$1 because x is n fa%ionable1    
al?\gh x w\ld be difficult to po9t out a
 m appropriate occasional resid5ce = !  
num]\s class ( invalids j m5tion$1 ?an  

,*ri/iania1 ) its picturesque environs1 
sublime sc5]y1 & cle> & r>efi$          
atmosph]e4'  ,! non-pr(essional         
pr$ilection 9 fav\r ( a w>m climate =   
consumption1 may be ref]r$1 we suspect1 
to ! analogy t exi/s betwe5 ! e>li]     
/ages ( t disease & ^? ( a common cold4 
,9 fact1 9 mo/ cases 9 ?is c\ntry1      
consumption is = a long "t /yl$ a cold2 
!n x becomes a bad cold2 !n a worse2    
till x is impossible to )hold f x ! m   
=midable "n4 ,a cold1 h[ev]1 x %\ld be  
consid]$1 occurs z frequ5tly 9 summ] z 9
 w9t]2 & 9 nei!r is x ow+ to !          
temp]ature1 :e!r high or l[1 b to !     
atmosph]ic *anges4 ,! w>m] ! wea!r is1 !
 great] w be ! morbific effect ( a cold 
draught ( air4 ,t a w>m climate 9 itself
 is nei!r prev5tion nor cure 9          
consumption1 may be inf]r$ f ! preval5ce
 ( ! compla9t 9 all latitudes4 ,9 ,india
 & 9 ,africa x is z rife z 9 any "p (   
,europe4 ,by ! ,army ,reports f ,malta1 
we f9d t upw>ds ( #cj p] c5t4 ( ! :ole  
numb] ( dea?s ?r\gh\t ! ye> is caus$ by 

ph?isis4 ,9 ,madeira1 accord+ to ,dr    
,he9ek51 ,dr ,g\rlay1 & ,dr ,mason1 no  
disease is m common among ! natives ?an 
pulmon>y consumption4 ,at ,nice1 x is   
/at$ by ,dr ,m]yon1 m natives die       
annually ( consumption ?an 9 any t[n 9  
,engl& ( ! same am\nt ( population4 ,9  
,g5oa1 "o ( ! mo/ preval5t & fatal ( !  
indig5\s diseases is pulmon>y           
consumption4 ,9 ,flor5ce1 pneumonia is  
m>k$ by a suffocat+ "*1 & rapid progress
 t[>ds its la/ /age4 ,9 ,naples1 #a dea?
 f consumption occurs 9 a mortality (   
#b-a_/c2 :ile 9 ! hospitals ( ,p>is1 :]e
 ph?isis is notori\sly preval5t1 !      
proportion is only #a 9 #c-a_/d4 ,9     
%ort1 9 all ! celebrat$ sanatoria to :i*
 we fly = relief1 we f9d ! disease z    
firmly e/abli%$ z at home4  ,if we      
exam9e ! analogies pres5t$ by ! hi/ory (
 ! inf]ior animals1 we f9d no argum5t 9 
fav\r ( a =eign climate4 ,! fi%es1      
birds1 & wild bea/s ( "o region1 die 9  
ano!r4 ',man1 al?\gh end[$ 9 a rem>kable
 degree1 & m s ?an any o!r animal1 ) !  

faculty ( endur+ su* unnatural          
transitions1 nev]!less becomes s5sible (
 _! injuri\s results4 ,= famili>        
illu/rations ( ?is influ5ce1 we h only  
to look to ! brok5-d[n con/itutions (   
our ,indian (fic]s1 or to ! emaciat$    
frame ( ! %iv]+ ,h9doo :o sweeps !      
cross+s ( ! /reets ( ,london4 ,! *ild ( 
! ,european1 al?\gh born 9 ,india1 mu/  
be s5t home 9 e>ly life to ! climate ( 8
 ance/ors1 or to "o closely resembl+ x1 
9 ord] to escape incurable disease1 if n
 premature dea?4 ,aga91 ! (fspr+ (      
,asiatics born 9 ?is c\ntry p9e & dw9dle
 into "o or o!r ( ! tw9 ca*exi--scr(ula 
& consumption2 &1 if ! individual       
survives1 lives 9 a /ate ( passive      
exi/5ce1 /unt$ 9 gr[?1 & incapable (    
endur+ fatigue4 ,if su* extreme *anges (
 climate prove obnoxi\s to ! heal? (    
individuals hav+ naturally a s\nd       
con/itution1 h[ are we to expect p]sons 
9 a /ate ( organic disease to be !reby  
b5efit$8 ,9 fact1 view ! subject 9      
:atev] light we may1 we mu/ ev5tually   

arrive at ! natural & rational          
conclusion--t nature has adapt$ !       
con/itution ( man to ! climate ( 8      
ance/ors4 ,! accid5t ( bir? does n      
con/itute ! title to any giv5 climate4  
,! natural climate ( man is t 9 :i* n   
only he himself 0 born1 b likewise 8    
blood-relations = sev]al g5]ations4 ,?is
 is 8 natural climate1 z well 9 heal? z 
:5 8 con/itution is brok5 d[n by        
positive disease1 or unh+$ by           
long-cont9u$ neglect ( ! common rules ( 
hygi5e4' ,x is ,dr ,burgess's !ory1     
!re=e1 t :5 *ange is necess>y1 a        
modification ( ! pati5t's own climate--t
 is to say1 *ange ( air 9 ! same        
climate--is m 9 accordance ) ! laws (   
nature1 & m likely to effect good1 ?an a
 viol5t transition to w>m] c\ntries4  ,)
 reg>d to ! curability ( ?is disease1   
!re is n[1 we believe1 no d\bt ( ! fact1
 al?\gh1 un=tunately ! process has n yet
 come completely into ! h&s ( !         
physician4 ,t a cure has frequ5tly tak5 
place1 someh[ or o!r1 ev5 9 advanc$     

/ages ( pulmon>y consumption1 has be5   
demon/rat$ by po/-mortem exam9ations2 b 
nature h]self seems1 9 ^! cases1 to h   
be5 h] own doctor1 = no mode ( treatm5t 
( g5]al applicability has be5 discov]$4 
,"s ?9k t ! progress ( tub]cles may be  
arre/$ 9 ! fir/ /age--o!rs1 t no?+ c be 
effect$ till ! second4 ,"s resort to !  
wat]-cure--o!rs1 to ! /ill m m>vell\s   
,spani% ba?s ( ,panticosa2 & o!rs1 aga91
 swe> by cod-liv] oil4 ,z to ! la/      
rem$y1 our au?or quotes ! /atem5ts ( ,dr
 ,williams1 't ! pure fre% oil f ! liv] 
( ! cod is m b5eficial 9 ! treatm5t (   
pulmon>y consumption ?an any ag5t1      
m$ic9al1 dietetic1 or regim5al1 t has   
yet be5 employ$4 ,out ( #bcd cases      
c>efully record$1 ! oil disagre$1 & 0   
discont9u$1 9 only #i in/ances4 ,9 #ai1 
al?\gh tak51 x appe>$ to d no good2 :il/
 9 ! l>g] proportion ( #bjf out ( #bcd1 
its use 0 foll[$ by m>k$ & unequivocal  
improvem5t--?is improvem5t v>y+ 9 degree
 9 diff]5t cases1 f a tempor>y          
ret>dation ( ! progress ( ! disease1 & a

 mitigation ( di/ress+ symptoms1 up to a
 m or less complete re/oration to app>5t
 heal?4 ,! mo/ num]\s examples ( decid$ 
& la/+ improvem5t1 am\nt+ to ne>ly #ajj1
 h occurr$ 9 pati5ts 9 ! second /age ( !
 disease1 9 :i* ! tub]cul\s deposits    
beg9 to und]go ! process ( s(t5+4 ,! mo/
 /rik+ in/ance ( ! b5eficial op]ation ( 
cod-liv] oil 9 ph?isis1 is to be f\nd 9 
cases 9 ! ?ird /age--ev5 ^? f> advanc$1 
:]e consumption has n only excavat$ !   
lungs1 b is rapidly wa/+ ! :ole body )  
copi\s purul5t expectoration1 hectic1   
night-sweats1 colliquative di>rhoea1 &  
o!r elem5ts ( t de/ructive process by   
:i*1 9 a few weeks1 ! f9e/ & faire/ ( ! 
human family may be sunk to ! grave4 ,! 
p[] ( /ay+ ! demon ( de/ruction         
sometimes display$ by ! cod-liv] oil is 
m>vell\s4' ,dr ,burgess1 h[ev]1 al?\gh  
witness+ ! same results ev5 9 f>-gone   
cases1 limits _! duration to a ye> or   
eighte5 mon?s1 aft] :i* ! m$ic9e lo/ its
 effect4 ,al?\gh ! oil1 !re=e1 is       
s]viceable ?r\gh ! process ( nutrition1 

he consid]s x no specific1 & concludes  
on ! subject ?us3 ',all t our pres5t k  
enables u to /ate positively on !       
subject is ?is3 cod-liv] oil is ! mo/   
effectual /ay to ! progress (           
consumption1 9 a great majority ( cases1
 t we possess2 ?is salut>y action is n  
always la/+1 & !re are cases 9 :i* its  
adm9i/ration _c be borne1 & o!rs 9 :i* x
 produces no good effects :atev]4 ,9 ^? 
cases 9 :i* ! /oma* rejects ! pure oil1 
if x be giv5 9 comb9ation ) phosphoric  
acid1 x w g5]ally be borne easily1 & !  
acid w assi/ ! tonic action ( ! oil4'   
,! non-pr(essional notion respect+ !    
curative p[]s ( climate is1 t by brea?+ 
a mild & soo?+ atmosph]e1 ! ph?isical   
pati5t )draws irritation1 & leaves      
nature at lib]ty to effect h] own cure4 
,b ?is1 x seems1 is entirely errone\s1  
inasmu* z x is ?r\gh ! sk91 n ! lungs1 t
 a w>m climate acts b5eficially4 ,:5 an 
atmosph]ic *ange takes place s z to     
produce a *ill1 ':]eby ! cutane\s       
transpiration is in/antly *eck$1 ! sk9  

!n becomes dry & h>d1 s t ! respiratory 
organs suff] f ! excessive action !y n[ 
und]go1 = ! matt] ( transpiration mu/ be
 elim9at$ ?r\gh ! lungs if ! action ( ! 
sk9 be int]rupt$4' ,?is is illu/rat$ by 
! in/antane\s relief usually af=d$ by   
free p]spiration 9 cases :]e difficult  
brea?+ & oppression ( ! *e/ h be5       
occasion$ by artificial heat4 ,:at      
really soo!s1 !re=e1 is equability (    
climate1 n high temp]ature4 ,"s au?ors  
ev5 ?9k t a cold climate is m suitable =
 consumption ?an a w>m "o1 & po9t to    
,upp] ,canada1 ) its pure1 dry1 tonic   
atmosph]e1 af=d+ h>dly any trace ( !    
compla9t at all4  ,"h we might /op1 z ! 
nature ( our "w precludes our foll[+ ,dr
 ,burgess 9 8 exposition ( ! action (   
climate on ! lungs & sk92 b x may be    
useful1 & at any rate amus+1 to trace 8 
iconocla/ic progress ?r\gh ! popul>     
%r9es ( ,hygiea on ! cont95t4  ,malta is
 a fam\s resort = ph?isical pati5ts1    
al?\gh dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ ! wea!r is    
cold & v>iable1 & 9 autumn ! sirocco is 

frequ5t4 ,:5 a sirocco has bl[n = "s    
days1 x lulls sudd5ly1 & is succe$$ by  
an equally /rong breeze f ! nor?-we/1   
contra/+ viol5tly ) ! =m] 9 temp]ature &
 ev]y?+ else4 ,! extremes ( heat & cold 
are z great "h & 9 o!r places 9 !       
,m$it]ranean z 9 ,london4 ,9 ,malta1 our
 au?or saw five or six cases (          
bron*itis1 :i* 9 a s+le mon? t]m9at$ 9  
incurable ph?isis2 & 9 two cases1 six   
weeks only elaps$ betwe5 ! fir/ signs ( 
! tub]cul\s deposit & ! dea? ( !        
pati5ts4  ,madeira1 a /ill m popul>     
sanatorium = ?is disease1 is a complete 
delusion4 ,in/ead ( ! climate be+       
ess5tially dry1 x is saturat$ ) humidity
 dur+ a great "p ( ! ye>2 & ! peculi>   
sirocco ( ! place is ( a hot1 dry1      
irritat+ nature4 ,an intellig5t m$ical  
au?or1 :o _h resort$ to ,madeira = *ange
 ( air1 rem>ks1 t 'v frequ5t & rem>kable
 v>iations 9 a giv5 s]ies ( ye>s1       
inconte/ably prove t ,madeira is no m to
 be reli$ on ?an any o!r place = c]ta9ty
 ( f9e wea!r1 & t x has equally its     

annual v>iations ( temp]ature4444 ,f :at
 has be5 /at$ by writ]s1 a p]son might  
be l$ to believe t disease 0 sc>cely    
kn[n !re2 b ,i am afraid1 t 7 ! subject 
?or\ghly inve/igat$1 z x ought to be1   
few places w\ld be f\nd :]e ! sy/em is m
 liable to g5]al disord]2 :ile1 at !    
same "t1 ,i suspect t ! av]age duration 
( life w\ld turn out to be inf]ior to t 
( our own c\ntry4'  ,our au?or kn[s no  
place m unfav\rable to pati5ts suff]+ f 
organic diseases ( ! lungs1 ?an !       
f>-fam$ sanatoria--,aix & ,montpelli]4  
,! atmosph]e is pure1 b ev] & anon ke5 &
 pi]c+1 & ! bise & m>9--"o cold & cutt+1
 & ! o!r damp--irritate ! lungs1 &      
excite c\gh+4 ,add to ?is1 t ,prov5ce is
 prov]bially ! l& ( du/1 &1 :at is      
worse1 ! l& ( ! mi/ral--a w9d f !       
nor?-we/1 :i* c>ries /ones1 m51 &       
c>riages be=e x4 ',= sev]al days 9 spr+ 
! climate may no d\bt be delici\s1      
al?\gh1 h[ev]1 always too w>m ab\t      
mid-day1 :5 sudd5ly ! mi/ral1 ( evil    
celebrity1 beg9s to bl[4 ,x is difficult

 to give an adequate idea ( ! *ange1 or 
( ! injuri\s effects ( ! climate "u !   
influ5ce ( ?is sc\rge4 ,! same sun %9es 
9 ! same bright blue sky1 b ! temp]ature
 is glacial4 ,! sun is !re only to gl>e 
& dazzle1 & seems to h no m p[] 9       
produc+ w>m?1 ?an a ru%light aga9/ !    
boi/]\s w9ds1 :i* *ill ! v m>r[ 9 "o's  
bones4 ,dur+ ! preval5ce ( ?is w9d1 x is
 impossible to /ir out ( doors )\t gett+
 ! m\? & no/rils fill$ ) du/4 ,all      
nature seems %rivell$ & dri$ up "u its  
baneful influ5ce4'  ,nice1 likewise1 is 
sc\rg$ by ! mi/ral1 :i* !re1 h[ev]1     
divides its empire ) w9ds f ! nor? &    
nor?-ea/4 ',b "o ( ! greate/ vices      
*>act]is+ ! climate ( ,nice1 if n !     
greate/1 is ! rem>kable v>iation (      
temp]ature notic$ betwe5 day & night--9 
! sun & 9 ! %ade4 ,! l& or cont95tal    
w9ds prevail dur+ ! night2 ! s\!rly or  
m>itime dur+ ! day4 ,! =m] are cold &   
dry2 ! latt]1 s(t & humid4 ,z soon1     
!re=e1 z ! =m] subside1 & ! sun rises 9 
! horizon1 ! humidity comm5ces to %ew   

itself 9 ! atmosph]e2 :il/1 on !        
contr>y1 :5 ! diurnal w9ds cease1 & !   
sun sets1 ! above hygrometric condition 
( ! air disappe>s4' ,m4 ,c>rire _c      
conceive :y our c\ntrym5 pref] ,nice to 
a mild] climate1 & consid]s t ! annual  
mortality 9 ! ,engli% colony ought to   
disc\rage o!r hectic invalids f go+     
?i!r4  ,c5tral ,lomb>dy is1 9 g5]al1    
*>act]is$ by m>%y swamps poison+ ! :ole 
atmosph]e ) _! miasmatic exhalations4 ,!
 meteoric influ5ces are decid$ly cold & 
v>iable2 & ! 'extremes ( temp]ature     
increase 9 proportion z we approa* !    
valleys at ! foot ( ! ,c5tral ,alps1    
especially ^? mo/ di/ant f ! ,adriatic  
coa/4' ,?is climate1 our au?or tells u1 
_c af=d m b5efit to ! consumptive ?an t 
( ! f5s ( ,l9coln%ire1 or ( ! m>%es (   
,holl&4 ,brescia1 ,pavia1 ,mantua1 & o!r
 ,lomb>d t[ns1 also %>e 9 ?is "*2 & at  
,v]ona1 ,mr ,b4 ,honan writes1 t ( all  
humbugs1 ! humbug ( an ,italian climate 
is ! mo/ intol]able4  ,at ,g5oa1 al?\gh 
! air is pure & transp>5t 9 f9e wea!r1 x

 is liable to sudd5 gu/s ( w9d & viol5t 
transitions dang]\s to ! invalid4  ',9  
no "p ( ,engl& c\ld a climate be f\nd m 
unfav\rable = consumptive invalids ?an t
 ( ,flor5ce1 a t[n built 9 a deep rav9e1
 almo/ surr\nd$ by ! ,ap5n9es1 &        
int]sect$ by a squalid riv]4444 ,extreme
 cold 9 w9t]1 great heat 9 summ]1 !     
preval5ce ( ! nor!rly w9ds1 ! *ill+     
effects ( :i* are n always neutralis$ by
 ! antagoni/ic w9ds1 rapid & viol5t     
transitions1 pr(\ndly affect+ ! sy/em1  
ev5 9 heal?y p]sons2 & comb9$ ) ^!      
viol5t atmosph]ic & !rmal v>iations are 
also1 9 simil> proportions1 hygrometric 
& electric ev]-*ang+ influ5ces4'        
,leghorn1 ! seaport ( ,tuscany1 is built
 9 a sunk locality1 9 ! mid/ ( a m>%y   
c\ntry4 ,begg>s1 galley-slaves1         
assass9s1 smuggl]s1 ^! are ! picturesque
 portions ( ! inhabitants2 & ! prom5ade 
is an arid bea*1 any?+ b soo?+ to !     
respiratory organs4 ,! ,engli% cemet]y  
is a t\*+ spectacle1 ) its num]\s       
monum5ts ( brilliant m>ble2 among :i*   

/&s conspicu\s ! tomb ( ,smollett4  ,(  
,pisa1 ! gr& c5tral dept ( ,italy =     
=eign consumptive pati5ts1 ,dr ,burgess 
says3 ',! excess ( humidity & w>m       
temp]ature ( ! ,pisan climate depress ! 
vital =ce1 induce an ov]:elm+ lassitude1
 & are1 9 my op9ion1 mo/ unfav\rable    
elem5ts 9 a climate s g5]ally recomm5d$ 
= pulmon>y consumption4 ,:atev] effect !
 humid mildness ( ! air may h 9 dim9i%+ 
excitability1 & 9 allay+ pulmon>y       
irritation 9 pati5ts ( a n]v\s          
temp]am5t1 x is decid$ly injuri\s 9 ^? (
 a feeble & lymphatic habit4444 ,!      
delusion ( an ,italian climate1 z reg>ds
 ! cure or prophylaxis ( tub]cul>       
consumption1 is 9 no "p ( t c\ntry1 s   
delightful to p]sons 9 s\nd heal?1 m    
cle>ly portray$ ?an at f>-fam$ ,pisa4 ,!
 /agnant life1 ! dea?-l sil5ce1 ! dre>y 
solitude ( ?is dull t[n1 :atev] utility 
^! elem5ts may h 9 allay+ ! re/less     
irritability ( n]v\s & excitable        
pati5ts1 always produce s]i\s evils ^u  
^? consumptive invalids ( a melan*oly   

turn ( m9d1 or ^: _s is brok5 by hope   
def]r$4 ,brood+ ov] _! melan*oly        
condition1 9 a =eign l&1 away f ! com=ts
 ( home1 )\t ! solace & *e]+ influ5ce ( 
fri5ds & relations1 !y soon break d[n & 
p]i%4' ,m4 ,c>rire & ,sir ,james ,cl>k  
consid] ! climate ( ,rome adapt$ only = 
consumptive pati5ts 9 ! fir/ /age ( !   
compla9t2 b ,dr ,burgess1 aft] a tra9 ( 
reason+ f\nd$ on sci5tific facts1 comes 
to a conclusion consonant ) 8 own !ory1 
t x is n adapt$ = consumption 9 any /age
 or =m :atev]4  ,x is ne$less to foll[  
our au?or to ,naples1 = ?is place is    
admitt$ by all writ]s to be injuri\s 9  
cases ( pulmon>y consumption2 b we may  
conclude ?is fragm5t>y survey by /at+ t1
 accord+ to ,dr ,burgess1 ! lea/        
injuri\s portions ( ,italy are ! ,lake (
 ,como & ! city ( ,v5ice1 ! air 9 nei!r 
( !m be+ w>m1 b 9 bo? equable4 ,"h we   
end z we began3 ',x is a mi/ake to      
suppose t a w>m1 humid1 relax+ atmosph]e
 c b5efit pulmon>y disease4 ,cold1 dry1 
& /ill air1 appe>s a m rational         

indication1 especially = invalids born 9
 temp]ate regions4' ,x w be se5 t our   
au?or diff]s occasionally f bo? 8 great 
pr$ecessors1 ,sir ,james ,cl>k & ,m4    
,c>rire2 b ev5 9 s do+1 he has at lea/ !
 m]it ( fairly op5+ out a mo/ important 
subject4  ,let x be und]/ood1 t we h    
m]ely m5tion$ ! nature ( ! cont5ts ( ?is
 volume1 )\t attempt+ to foll[ ,dr      
,burgess ei!r 9 8 reason+s or 9 ! facts 
on :i* ^! are f\nd$4 ,we h n[ only to   
recomm5d ! "w z "o t w be f\nd highly   
int]e/+ & sugge/ive1 bo? by ! m$ical &  
non-m$ical read]4#c   ,,footnotes3  #b  
,climate ( ,italy 9 ,relation to        
,pulmon>y ,consumption3 ) ,rem>ks on !  
,influ5ce ( ,=eign ,climates ^u         
,invalids4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,burgess1 ,m4    
,d41 c4 ,london3 ,longman1 ,br[n1 ,gre51
  ,longmans4 #aheb4  #c ,we pr9t ! above
 z we receiv$ x f a respectable         
contributor1 b )\t giv+ any op9ion      
ourselves ^u a subject ( :i* we are n   
qualifi$ to judge4--,ed4 ,c4 ,j4     ,,!
 ,,device1 ,,or ,,impress4   ,if ! v>i\s

 works ( useful & ornam5tal art discov]$
 9 ! sepul*res ( nations long s9ce fall5
 into oblivion1 7 ( no o!r value1 at !  
pres5t day1 ?an m]ely to be appli$ to ! 
purposes :i* !y 7 orig9ally int5d$ to   
subs]ve2 if !y did n elucidate ! mann]s1
 cu/oms1 & progressional ref9em5t ( m5 )
 passions & feel+s simil> to our own2 ! 
lab\r & exp5se incurr$ by _! exhumation 
w\ld be ?r[n away4 ,x is n1 !n1 = !     
intr9sic value ( ! specim5s to be       
produc$1 nei!r is x = any v p>ticul>    
admiration ( ! 'good old times1' b to   
exhibit & illu/rate a v g5]al & exce$+ly
 active phase ( our ance/ors' m9ds1 t1  
turn+ ov] ! refuse mat]ials ( hi/ory1 we
 proce$ to dis9t]1 f _! worm-eat5 pages1
 ! dead & almo/ =gott5 art ( ,device--an
 art t once claim$ an ext5sive          
lit]ature1 & canons ( criticism1        
peculi>ly its own4 ,f ab\t #bej to #djj 
ye>s ago1 7 ! high & palmy days ( ?is   
'da9ty art4' ,!n1 ! le>n$ & subtile     
s*oolm5 ( ! age did n disda9 to write ^u
 x1 ) ink sc>cely dry ^u ! p5s ) :i* !y 

_h be5 discuss+ ! mo/ ab/ruse dogmas (  
!ology2 !n1 n unfrequ5tly1 ! cureless   
curate1 by ! concoction ( a happy device
 = a g5]\s patron1 f\nd himself a       
b5efic$ bi%op4 ,nor is su* pref]m5t to  
be wond]$ at4 ,! qualifications consid]$
 necess>y to con/itute a device-mak]1 7 
fully equal to ^? :i* ,imlac describ$ to
 ,rasselas z requisite to =m a poet4    
',philosophy & poetry1' wrote ,pre le   
,moyne1 'hi/ory & fable1 all t is taught
 9 colleges1 all t is le>n$ 9 ! _w1 are 
cond5s$ & epitomis$ 9 ?is great pursuit2
 9 %ort1 if !re be an art :i* requires  
an all-accompli%$ workman1 t art is     
device-mak+4' ,ruscelli says3 ',x       
belongs only to ! mo/ exquisite wits &  
be/-ref9$ judgm5ts to und]take ! mak+ ( 
devices4' ,yet1 ?\gh ! le>n$ doctors (  
,padua1 ,wirtemb]g1 & ! ,sorbonne1      
engag$ 9 deep disquisitions on !        
emblematical prop]ties1 natural &       
my?ical1 ( cranes & cresc5ts1 sunfl[]s &
 salam&]s1 pelicans & porcup9es--! l5g? 
& language ( mottoes--h[ ! w9d %\ld be  

pictorially portray$1 ) _m o!r equally  
weighty consid]ations1 /ill ! *ivalr\s  
knights ( ! t\rnay1 & ! fair ladies ( _!
 devoirs1 atta9$ pr(ici5cy 9 ! art4     
,wolf ( ,wolfra?1 ! lute-play]1 records1
 t at a gr& t\rnam5t held at ,vi5na 9   
#aefj1 cr[ns ( laurel 7 aw>d$ to !      
knights :o wore ! wittie/ devices1 z    
well z to ^? :o excell$ 9 feats ( arms4 
',b1' ! read] v probably exclaims1 ':at 
0 ?is art ( device8'  ,x consi/$ 9      
translat+ an idea into a symbol1 &      
illu/rat+ t symbol by a t]sely-express$ 
motto4 ',! object ( a device1' accord+  
to ! ,"l ( ,fossez1 '0 to express       
cov]tly1 by means ( a picture & words1 a
 conception ( human wit2' & x 0 di/+ui%$
 f an emblem1 inasmu* z ! emblem        
demon/rat$ some?+ univ]sal1 :]eas !     
device 0 peculi>ly appropriate to !     
p]son :o wore x4 ,! old writ]s glory 9  
its antiquity1 cit+ _m in/ances ( its   
hav+ be5 kn[n & us$ by bo? ,greeks &    
,romans4 ,ev5 dur+ ! d>k ages x 0 n     
entirely lo/2 x m]ely slumb]$ until !   

r5aissance1 & ! invasions ( ,italy "u   
,*>les ,,viii4 & ,l\is ,,xii41 :5 x     
awoke to a vigor\s exi/5ce4 ,?us1 ?\gh (
 mu* great] antiquity ?an h]aldic       
blazonry1 :i* only dates f ! "t ( !     
,crusades1 x 0 n h]$it>y1 c\ld be adopt$
 or *ang$ at pleasure1 & did n def9e !  
rank ( ! we>]4 ,%akspe>e1 :o well       
und]/ood ! nature ( ! device1 di/+ui%es 
betwe5 x & armorial be>+s 9 ! passage   
:]e ,bol+broke rec\nts 8 injuries3      
',disp>k$ my p>ks1 & fell$ my =e/ woods2
     ,f my own w9d[s torn my h\sehold   
coat1#d     ,raz$ out my impress'----   
,! old h]alds1 h[ev]1 look$ ^u ! device 
) b little fav\r4 ,camd5 sne]+ly says1 t
 ',armes 7 mo/ usual among ! nobility 9 
w>s till ab\t "s hundr$ ye>s s9ce1 :5 ! 
,fr5* & ,italians1 9 ! exp$ition (      
,naples1 beganne to leave armes1 haply =
 t _m ( !m _h none1 & to be> ! curta9es 
( _! mi/resses' b$des1 _! mi/resses'    
col\rs1 z impresses 9 _! bann]s1 %ields1
 & cap>isons4' ,daniel1 "o ( our e>lie/ 
,engli% writ]s on ! subject1 is wor?    

quot+ = a def9ition ( ! impress1 & to   
%ew ! exclusive _s ( ! age4 ,he says3   
',impresa1 us$ ( ! ,italians = an       
ent]prise tak5 9 h&1 ) a firm & con/ant 
int5t to br+ ! same to effect4 ,z if a  
pr9ce or capta9e tak+ 9 h& "s ent]prise 
( w>1 or any o!r p]ticulaire affaire1   
desir\s by "s figure & motto to manife/ 
to ! _w 8 int5t1 ?is figure & motto     
toge!r is call$ an impress1 made to     
signify an ent]prise1 :]eat a noble m9d 
levell+ ) ! aime ( a deep desire1 /rives
 ) a /eely int5t to game ! prize ( 8    
purpose4 ,= ! valiant & hautie g5tlem51 
disdayn+ to conjo9e ) ! vile & base     
plebeians 9 any ru/ique inv5tion1 h     
procur$ to !mselves ?is "o mo/ s+ul>e4' 
,paul ,jovius1 a celebrat$ ,italian     
hi/orian & bi%op1 9 8 treatise on       
devices1 says1 t ! figure or emblem1 :i*
 he t]ms ! body ( ! device1 mu/ be      
exactly fitt$ to ! motto1 :i* he t]ms   
its s\l2 & ?\gh x %\ld n be s obscure z 
to require a sibyl to expla9 x1 yet !   
motto ought to be 9 a =eign or dead     

language1 s t x may n be compreh5d$ by !
 vulg>--'su* da9ties n be+ int5d$ =     
vulg> appetites4' ,! human figure1 also1
 %\ld nev] be introduc$ into ! emblem1 &
 ! motto ought n to conta9 m ?an ?ree or
 f\r words4 ,^! rules1 h[ev]1 7 n       
/rictly adh]$ to1 ev5 by ,jovius        
himself4 ,! treatise is writt5 9 ! =m ( 
a dialogue betwe5 ! bi%op & 8 secret>y2 
its gossipp+ mann]1 qua9t /yle1 & !     
great importance attribut$ to !         
subject-matt]1 rem9d u exce$+ly ( !     
,complete ,angl] ( our old ,engli% fri5d
 ,izaak ,walton4 ,z an example ( a      
p]fect device1 ,jovius m5tions "o worn 9
 ! ,italian w>s by ,antonio ,colonna1 ! 
fri5d ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,x repres5t$ a 
bran* ( palm laid across a bran* (      
cypress1 ) ! motto1 ,erit alt]a m]ces   
7,!re w be ano!r rew>d47 ,ano!r1 highly 
prais$ by ! old device-writ]s '= be+ (  
subtle inv5tion1 & s+ul> 9 outw>d view1'
 0 assum$ by a ,spani% knight1 ,don     
,diego ,m5doza1 to signify ! slight     
enc\ragem5t he receiv$ f ! fair lady :o 

0 mi/ress ( 8 affections4 ,x repres5t$ a
 well1 ) a circul> ma*9e = rais+ wat]1  
full buckets asc5d+ & empty ones go+    
d[n1 ! motto1 ,los ll5os de dolor1 y los
 vazios de esp]anza 7,! full "o is      
grief2 ! empty1 hope47 ,by ! way1 we f9d
 a simil> figure 9 ,ri*>d ,,ii41 :]e !  
un=tunate mon>* says3      ',n[ is ?is  
gold5 cr[n l a deep well1     ,t owns   
two buckets1 fill+ "o ano!r--     ,!    
empti] ev] danc+ 9 ! air1     ,! o!r    
d[n1 unse51 & full ( wat]3     ,t bucket
 d[n & full ( te>s am ,i1     ,dr9k+ my 
grief :ile y m\nt up on high4'  ,jovius 
also w>mly comm5ds a device worn by     
,edw>d ,/u>t1 ,"l ( ,albany1 a fam\s    
capta9 ( tri$ val\r 9 ! ,fr5* army1 dur+
 _! ,italian campaigns4 ,( ! blood-royal
 ( ,scotl&1 be+ c\s9 to ,james ,,iv41 he
 wore1 z 8 arms1 a lion rampant 9 a     
field arg5t2 & z 8 device1 a buckle1 ) !
 motto1 ,di/antia jungit2 '!reby imply+ 
t he 0 ! bond :i* held unit$ ! k+s (    
,france & ,scotl&1 to c\nt]vail ! =ces (
 _! natural enemy1 ! k+ ( ,engl&4'  ,a  

qua9t bit ( romance1 9 connection ) a   
lady's device1 is p]haps wor?y ( notice4
 ,hippolita ,fioramonda excell$ all !   
ladies ( h] day 9 beauty & c\rtesy1 &   
wore1 z h] device1 mo?s1 embroid]$ 9    
gold1 on a sky-blue robe--a w>n+ to !   
amor\s n to approa* too closely ! light 
( h] beauty1 le/1 l mo?s attract$ by a  
lamp1 !y %\ld be burn$4 ,!re be+ no     
motto1 "o ( h] admir]s1 ! ,"l ( ,lesui1 
a brave knight1 fam\s = 8 horseman%ip1  
ask$ h] = an explanation ( su* a s+ul> &
 imp]fect device4 ,%e repli$3 ',x is to 
use ! l c\rtesy to g5tlem5 :o call to   
see me1 z y d to ^? :o ride 9 y\r       
company2 y be+ accu/om$ to put on ! tail
 ( y\r horse a small rattle1 to make him
 m fi]ce 9 kick+1 s z to w>n any :o may 
approa* y ( ! dang] ( 8 heels1 !reby    
caus+ !m to keep alo(4' ,not)/&+ ?is    
repulse1 ! knight p]sev]$1 ?\gh         
unsuccessfully1 9 8 suit1 until he fell 
mortally w\nd$ at ! battle ( ,pavia4 ,!n
 ! lady ,fioramonda rel5t+1 _h him s\ght
 = on ! sangu9>y field1 & c>ri$ to h]   

own h\se1 :]e1 to 8 great cont5tm5t1 he 
di$ 9 h] arms4 ,su* imp]fect devices1   
h[ev]1 7 consid]$ unwor?y ( ! "n1 unfit 
= m5 ( gravity1 & suit$ b to make sport 
) ladies4 ,( ?is description 0 t (      
,augu/9e ,porco1 a g5tleman ( ,v]ona1   
:o1 be+ 9 love ) a lady nam$ ,bianca1   
wore 9 8 sc>let cap a small1 real1 :ite 
wax-c&le1 & p]sev]+ly foll[$ ! lady to e
 place ( public resort %e visit$4 ,to ! 
inquiries ( 8 fri5ds respect+ ?is       
extraord9>y device1 he m]ely repli$1 t x
 signifi$ ,c&ela bianca 7,a :ite c&le71 
&1 consequ5tly1 d\bts 7 ent]ta9$ ( !    
ecc5tric gallant's sanity4 ,at la/1 ?\gh
 love is prov]bially bl9d1 !            
lady--probably %e _h a prompt]--discov]$
 t ! true mean+ 0 ,c de la ,bianca 7,!  
dog ( ,bianca71 & ) h] h& rew>d$ !      
+5uity & p]sev]ance ( ,signor ,porco4   
,?r\gh devices we obta9 glimpses at !   
morals1 z well z ! mann]s1 ( a =eign p &
 a bygone age4 ,! amor\s devices ( _m   
ecclesia/ical dignit>ies af=d a capital 
reason = ! rule1 t ! motto %\ld n be    

compreh5sible 'by ! vulg>4' ,t ( ,c>d9al
 ,m$ici1 :o lov$ ! lady ,julian         
,gonzago1 0 a comet surr\nd$ by />s1 !  
motto1 ,micat int] omnes 7,x %9es among 
!m all71 f ! l9es ( ,horace3      ,micat
 int] omnes ,julium sidus     ,velut    
int] ignes luna m9ores4  ,! allusion to 
! /> ( ,julius 9 connection ) ! lady's  
"n r5d]s ?is device1 9 our op9ion1 r    
neat & classical4  ,a /ill m />tl+ sign 
( ! times is exhibit$ by ! device-lov+  
bi%op4 ,he relates t "o ,mattei1 a man (
 noble c\rage1 :5 wait+ ) dissimulation 
& pati5ce an opportunity to murd] a     
p]son by :om he _h be5 insult$1 appli$  
to him 7,jovius7 = an appropriate       
device2 & ! bi%op1 'wi%+ to %ew t a     
noble m9d has p[] to dige/1 ) "t1 e     
griev\s injury1' design$ an o/ri* dev\r+
 a nail1 ) ! motto1 ,spiritus durissima 
conquit4 ,mattei wore ! device1 &       
ultimately succe$$ 9 assass9at+ 8       
victim2 & 's mu* 0 ?is noble rev5ge     
comm5d$1' t ! pope promot$ ! ruffian to 
be capta9 ( 8 gu>d--! family ( ! murd]$ 

man sign+ an agreem5t to cancel all     
future qu>rels4  ,great c>e 0 requisite1
 :5 fram+ a device1 le/ any "p ( x c\ld 
be turn$ into ridicule by a witty or    
spiteful enemy4 ,*>les ! ,bold1 ,duke ( 
,burgundy1 bore a fl9t & /eel1 ) !      
motto1 ,ante f]it quam flamma micet 7,z 
he /rikes1 ! fire fla%es72 & :5 defeat$1
 & sla9 at ! battle ( ,nancy1 ! day be+ 
cold1 ) sn[ on ! gr\nd1 8 triumphant    
enemy1 ! ,duke ( ,lor5o1 said3 ',?is    
poor man1 ?\gh he has great ne$ to w>m  
himself1 has n leisure to use 8         
t9d]-box4'  ,h[ev] pu]ile ! 'art' may   
appe> to u n[1 !re c be little d\bt1 t !
 con/ruction ( devices1 z an inc5tive to
 ! acquisition ( g5]al k1 & z a k9d (   
m5tal tra9+1 0 n altoge!r useless 9 its 
day1 & =m$ a l9k1 7 x ev] s sl5d]1 9 !  
developm5t ( ! human m9d4 ,e/i5ne1 a    
not$ ,fr5* device-au?or1 obs]ves1 t 'to 
express ! conceptions ( our own m9d 9 ! 
mo/ p]fect device1 !re is no?+ s prop]1 
s g5tile1 s p[]ful1 or s witty1 z !     
similitudes we discov] :5 walk+ 9 !     

spaci\s fields ( ,nature's wond]ful     
secrets2 = ! grace ( a device1 z well z 
! skill ( him :o makes x1 consi/s 9     
discov]+ ! correspond5ce ( natural      
qualities & artificial uses ) our own   
?\ghts & int5tions4'  ,! old s*ola/ic   
logic 0 freely employ$ 9 ! argum5ts by  
:i* ! device-au?ors advanc$ _! own      
op9ions1 or attack$ ^? ( _!             
contempor>ies4 ,ammirato condemns !     
unphilosophical def9ition ( ,jovius--t !
 emblem is ! body1 & ! motto1 ! s\l ( a 
device4 ,) long1 &1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge1 to
 u at lea/1 n v intelligible argum5t1 he
 ma9ta9s1 t '! motto is ! major "p ( a  
syllogism1 & ! emblem ! m9or2 f !       
conjunction ( :i* ! conclusion is       
drawn4' ,unpr(itable & un9t]e/+ are ^!  
discussions4 ,we %all1 9 pref]5ce1      
m5tion ! canons ( device-criticism1 :i* 
7 ( mo/ g5]al preval5ce4  ,comp>ison 0  
consid]$ an ess5tial prop]ty ( a p]fect 
device4 ,?us ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules1 ) !  
motto1 ,plus ultra 7,m beyond71 adopt$  
by ,*>les ,v41 9 allusion to ! ,spani%  

discov]ies & conque/s 9 ,am]ica1 & /ill 
to be se5 on ! co9 ( t nation1 01 by !  
connoisseurs1 t]m$ a m]e conceit4 ,!    
s*ol>'s two p5s1 ) ,8 ad ae!ra 7,by ^!  
fame71 be+ also devoid ( comp>ison1 0   
equally inf]ior4 ,n m ?an ?ree figures 7
 p]missible 9 ! emblem1 unless ! great] 
numb] 7 ( ! same species4 ,a device     
portray+ an elephant1 ) a flock ( %eep  
graz+ quietly ar\nd1 ! motto1 ,infe/us  
infe/is 7,ho/ile only to ! wick$71 0    
/rictly correct1 z ! %eep1 be+ all ( "o 
species1 7 recognis$ m]ely z "o figure4 
,metaphor 0 n all[$ 9 ! motto3 a device 
faulty 9 ?is respect1 repres5t$ a ball (
 cry/al1 ! motto1 f ,plautus1 ,intus et 
9 cute 7,! same )9 & )\t72 cry/al be+   
devoid ( sk9 7cutis71 ! expression 0    
metaphorical4 ,! introduction (         
negatives into ! motto 0 consid]$ good3 
z a sundial1 ) ,ne aspiciatur non       
aspicitur 7,unless look$ ^u--by ! sun--x
 is n e/eem$1 or is ( no use71 a good   
device = a k+'s fav\rite2 a flame (     
fire1 ) ,nunquam deorsum 7,nev]         

d[nw>ds72 a g\rd float+ on a /ream1 )   
,jactor non m]gor 7,ab&on$1 b n sunk47  
,:5 ! motto 0 tak5 f a well-kn[n        
classic1 few] words 7 requir$3 ?us 9 a  
device repres5t+ a flame bl[n ^u by !   
w9d1 ) ,l5is alit flammas1 gr&ior aura  
necat 7,a g5tle w9d n\ri%es flame1 a    
/rong]1 ext+ui%es71 ! words1 gr&ior     
necat 7a /rong]1 ext+ui%es7 w\ld h be5  
suffici5t4 ,nice discrim9ation 0 requir$
 9 select+ ! mo/ suitable language = a  
motto4 ,accord+ to ,contile1 ! ,spani% 0
 mo/ suitable = love-matt]s2 ! ,italian1
 = pleasant conceits2 ! ,greek1 =       
fiction2 & ! ,lat91 = maje/y4 ,h\sehold 
furniture1 & implem5ts ( husb&ry1 7     
consid]$ improp] subjects = ! emblem ( a
 device2 consequ5tly1 t ( ! ,academia   
della ,crusca 0 set d[n z decid$ly      
vulg>1 x be+ a sieve1 ) ,il piu bel fior
 ne coglie 7,x collects ! f9e/ fl\r (   
x7--a play on ! ^w crusca 7bran71 assum$
 z ! title ( ! ,academy1 f its hav+ be5 
in/itut$ = ! express purpose ( purify+  
7sift+7 ! ,italian language4  ,objects t

 7 n recognisable unless pa9t$ 9 col\rs1
 7 also inadmissible2 ?us ! o!rwise     
clev] device ( ! ,e>l ( ,essex--a r\gh  
diamond1 ) ! motto1 ,dum =mas m9uis 7,9 
fa%ion+1 y dim9i%71 came "u ! c5sure ( !
 critics4 ,9 l mann]1 objects n easily  
di/+ui%able f o!rs1 7 liable to ! same  
condemnation4 ,! celebrat$ device assum$
 by ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots on ! dea? ( h]  
fir/ husb&1 ,francis ,,ii41 repres5t+ a 
liquorice-plant1 ) ,dulce meum t]ra     
tegit 7,! e>? cov]s my sweet71 0        
pron\nc$ faulty1 because !              
liquorice-plant c\ld n be readily       
di/+ui%$ f o!r %rubs1 ! roots ( :i*     
want$ ! prop]ty ( sweetness s necess>y  
to give po9t to ! device4 ,unnatural or 
*im]ical figures c\ld n be admitt$1     
except+ ^? to :i* tradition or classical
 au?ors _h giv5 fix$ =ms & attributes--z
 ! m]maid1 h>py1 pho5ix2 consequ5tly1 a 
device repres5t+ a w+$ tortoise1 !      
motto1 ,amor addidit 7,love has add$    
!m71 0 improp]4 ,qualities ascrib$ to   
animate or inanimate bodies by !        

anci5ts1 7 consid]$ legitimate1 ?\gh    
kn[n by ! mod]ns to be fictiti\s4 ,?us !
 dolph91 f ! /ory ( ,arion1 appe>s 9    
devices z ! fri5d ( ! di/ress$2 !       
salam&]1 liv+ 9 fire1 typifies ! /rong  
passions1 natural1 yet de/ructive to _! 
victim2 ! "y /ork1 c>ry+ ! old "o1      
illu/rates filial piety2 ! crane1 :i*1  
accord+ to ,pl9y1 holds a /one 9 its    
claw to av]t sleep1 is a fit emblem (   
wat*fulness2 ! pomegranate1 k+ ( fruits1
 we>s a regal cr[n2 ! crocodile1 symbol 
( hypocrisy1 %$s deceitful te>s4 ,9     
%ort1 almo/ ev]y?+ t 0 9 ! heav5s above1
 9 ! e>? b5ea?1 & 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?1 0 
seiz$ by ! device-mak]1 & conv]t$ into a
 symbol ( "s virtue1 vice1 or o!r       
quality ( ! m9d4 ,nor 0 !re only "o     
emblem tak5 f ea* object2 by v>y+ !     
circum/ances1 !y 7 multipli$ to an      
enorm\s am\nt4 ,m5e/ri] gives no less   
?an #ead diff]5t devices1 f\nd$ ^u !    
prop]ties ( ! sun alone4  ,?\gh devices 
previ\s to ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 7    
seldom worn 9 ,engl&1 yet ! insignia ( !

 ord] ( ! ,g>t]1 in/itut$ 9 #acej1 9    
connection ) its well-kn[n motto &      
assum$ orig91 may be consid]$ a g5u9e   
device4 ,! next e>lie/ we meet ) 0 worn 
by ,h5ry ,,iv41 & repres5t$ a blaz+     
beacon1 ! motto1 ,une sans plus 7,"o    
alone47 ,?is motto has be5 t]m$         
inappropriate2 b1 consid]+ t beacons 7  
always plac$ at consid]able di/ances f  
ea* o!r--"o suffic+ = a consid]able     
di/rict--we may conclude t ! usurp+     
,h5ry impli$1 t !re 0 only "o k+ 9      
,engl&1 & t "o 0 himself4 ,ri*>d ,duke (
 ,york1 :5 he took up arms aga9/ ,h5ry  
,,vi41 assum$1 z 8 device1 a sun1 p>tly 
visible only ?r\gh ?ick cl\ds1 ) !      
motto1 ,invitis nubibus 7,obscur$ by    
cl\ds47 ,aft] 8 dea?1 8 son ,edw>d1 9   
consequ5ce ( ! success ( ! ,yorki/      
cause1 *ang$ ?is device to a full sun   
unobscur$4 ,?is 0 ! sun ( ,york s       
frequ5tly allud$ to by ,%akspe>e1 & su* 
a /umbl+-block to 8 comm5tators4 ,h5ry  
,,viii41 on ! occasion ( 8 visit+       
,francis ,i4 at ! field ( ! ,clo? (     

,gold1 wore an ,engli% ar*]1 dress$ 9   
,l9coln gre51 draw+ 8 arr[ to ! head1 ! 
motto1 ,cui adh]eo pre/ 7,he :om ,i aid1
 conqu]s72 a v significant intimation to
 ,*>les ,v4 & ,francis1 bo? ( :om 7     
anxi\s = ,h5ry's alliance aga9/ ea* o!r4
 ,ann ,boleyn wore a :ite-cr[n$ falcon  
/&+ on a gold5 /em1 f :i* spr\t$ r$ &   
:ite roses1 ) ! motto1 ,mihi et meae    
7,to me & m9e47 ,?is device ( ! fair &  
un=tunate ,ann has surviv$ to ! pres5t  
day4 ,n[1 emblematical ( h] fall1 z x 0 
once ( h] high /ation1 x is degrad$ to  
be ! sign ( an ale-h\se1 & kn[n to !    
village top]s z ! ,magpie & ,/ump6 ',!  
g5tle ,surrey ( ! dea?less lay1' "o ( ! 
la/ victims ( ! tyrant ,h5ry1 wore a    
brok5 pill>1 ) ! motto1 ,sat sup] e/    
7,en\gh rema9s47 ,"o ( ! *>ges br\ght   
aga9/ him1 :5 arraign$ = high treason1 0
 = we>+ ?is v device4 ,m>y1 :5 %e asc5d$
 ! ?rone1 wore a repres5tation ( ,"t    
draw+ ,tru? out ( a well1 ) ! words1    
,v]itas temporis filia 7,tru? is !      
daught] ( ,"t72 & ,c>d9al ,pole wore a  

s]p5t surr\nd+ ! t]re/rial globe1 ) !   
motto1 ,e/ote prud5tes 7,be ye cunn+47  
,bo? ( ^? devices 7 v significant ( !   
p]iod & ( _! we>]s4  ,! romantic        
amusem5ts ( ,que5 ,elizabe? rais$ !     
device to ! highe/ p9nacle ( importance 
x ev] possess$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,h5tzn]1 a 
,g]man travell]1 :o visit$ ! palace (   
,:itehall 9 #aeih1 says1 t he saw 9 h]  
maje/y's b$room 'a v>iety ( devices on  
pap]1 cut 9 ! %ape ( %ields1 ) mottoes1 
us$ by ! nobility at tilts & t\rnam5ts1 
hung up !re = a memorial4' ,z to        
,elizabe? h]self1 ,camd5 /ates1 t !     
enum]ation ( ! v>i\s devices worn by h] 
w\ld fill a l>ge volume4 ,! g5]ality1   
h[ev]1 ( ! devices ( t reign 7 fulsome  
flatt]ies1 allusive to ! ,maid5 ,que52  
su* z--! moon1 ) ! words1 ,quid s9e te  
coelum8 7,:at w\ld ,heav5 be )\t !e87   
or1 ,v5us seat$ on a cl\d1 )1 ,salva1 me
 ,dom9a6 7,save me1 ,o lady67 ,! be/ ( !
 "t 0 worn by ! impetu\s & ill-/>r$     
,essex1 to signify 8 grief on "o ( !    
occasions :5 he _h lo/ ! que5's fav\r4  

,x repres5t$ m]ely a sable field1       
surr\nd$ by ! words4 ,p> nulla figura   
dolori 7,grief _c be pa9t$47 ,! ',engli%
 ,bay>d1' ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 does n  
appe> to great advantage 9 8 devices4   
,"o1 we presume int5d$ to %ew !         
/eadfa/ness ( 8 purpose1 repres5t$ !    
tideless ,caspian ,sea1 ! motto1 ,s9e   
refluxa 7,)\t ebb47 ,ano!r ( 't fam\s   
soldi]1 s*ol>1 & poet1' ?r[s a curi\s   
light on ! mann]s ( ! age4 ,camd5 tells 
u t ,sir ,philip1 ':o 0 a long "t       
heir-app>5t to ! ,e>l ( ,leice/] 78     
uncle71 aft] ! e>l _h a son born to him1
 us$ at ! next tilt-day foll[+ ! motto1 
,sp]avi 7,i _h hop$71 ) a da% across !  
^w1 !reby signify+ t 8 hope 0 da%$4'    
,w\ld any g5tleman n[ ?us publicly      
express 8 disappo9tm5t at su* an ev5t8  
,! p$antry ( ! fir/ ,james 0 almo/ z    
fav\rable to devices z ! pageantry (    
,elizabe?2 b ! days ( *ivalry1 ! glories
 ( ! triumph & ! tilt-y>d1 7 fa/ pass+  
away1 :ile ! new arts ( wood &          
copp]-plate engrav+ 7 ris+ into em95ce2 

& consequ5tly devices1 in/ead ( be+ worn
 s+ly on ! %ields & trapp+s ( knights & 
mask]s1 7 soon f\nd collect$1 & season$ 
) poetry on ! pages ( pr9t$ books4 ,^!  
books ( emblems1 z !y 7 t]m$1 are by no 
means un9t]e/+2 haply1 at a future "t1  
we may h an opportunity ( ref]r+ to !m4 
,! e>ly pr9t]s1 we %\ld obs]ve1 7 ! fir/
 :o us$ devices on pap]1 ea* hav+ a     
di/+ui%+ emblem & motto1 :i* !y display$
 on ! title-pages ( _! works4 ,we read (
 only "o device worn by ,james2 x       
repres5t$ ! ,scotti% ?i/le unit$ ) r$ & 
:ite roses1 ! motto1 ,rosas ,h5ricus1   
regna ,jacobus1 imply+ t z ,h5ry unit$  
roses1 ,james unit$ k+doms4 ,?\gh =eign 
to our subject1 we may m5tion "h1 z x is
 n g5]ally kn[n1 t x 0 ,james :o remov$ 
! r$ dragon ( ! ,tudors f ! royal arms1 
plac+ z a support] 9 its /ead ! unicorn 
( ,scotl&4 ,we meet ) only "o device ( !
 un=tunate ,*>les4 ,x repres5t$ a snake 
t _h j ca/ its sk91 ! motto1 ,p>atior   
7,m ready47 ,dur+ ! civil w>1 _m mottoes
 & figures 7 adopt$ by bo? ! royali/ &  

p>liam5t>y p>ties1 b few ( !m c be t]m$ 
regul> devices4 ,) ! ,re/oration1 a new 
description ( c\rt amusem5t came into   
fa%ion1 & ! device soon became a prey to
 'dull =getfulness4' ,_m emblems1 h[ev]1
 7 !n & subsequ5tly assum$ z cre/s1 & a 
great numb] ( mottoes 7 tak5 to po9t !  
moral1 if any1 ( h]aldic blazonry4 ,?\gh
 repudiat$ & unrecognis$ by ! /rict     
h]ald1 !y are n[ g5]ally consid]$ to be 
! p>ticul> prop]ty & di/+ui%+ ensign (  
c]ta9 surnames & families1 & z h]$it>y z
 ! qua9t & fanciful *>ges & qu>t]+s (   
coat-arm\r itself4   ,,footnotes3  #d ,!
 armorial be>+s or coat-arm\r ( 8 h\se4 
,a ,,c\ntry ,,w$d+ ,,9 ,,france4   ,no  
"p ( ,france1 ) ! exception ( ,brittany1
 has pres]v$ its patri>*al habits1      
national "*1 & anci5t =ms ( language1 m 
?an ,t\ra9e & ,b]ry4 ,! mann]s ( ! p !re
 are extremely primitive1 & "s ( _!     
cu/oms curi\s & int]e/+4 ,! foll[+      
acc\nt is f ! p5 ( a mod]n ,fr5* writ] (
 great p[] ( obs]vation & description4  
,x 0 9 w9t]1 ne> ! "t ( ! c>nival1 a    

season ( ! ye> :5 x is v cu/om>y to     
celebrate c\ntry w$d+s4 ,9 ! summ]1 !re 
is seldom "t1 & ! f>m-"w w n all[ ( a   
?ree days' holiday1 to say no?+ ( !     
slack5$ dilig5ce :i* is ! unavoidable   
consequ5ce ( a village fe/ival4 ,i 0    
seat$ "u ! l>ge kit*5 *imney1 :5 ! fir+ 
( pi/ols1 ! b>k+ ( dogs1 & ! squeak+    
s\nds ( ! bagpipe1 ann\nc$ ! approa* ( !
 betro!d c\ple4 ,pres5tly aft]1 old     
,maurice & 8 wife1 ) ,g]ma9 & ,m>ie1    
foll[$ by ,jacques & 8 wife1 ! *ief     
respective k9sfolk1 & ! godfa!rs &      
godmo!rs ( ! betro!d1 made _! entrance  
into ! y>d4  ,m>ie1 n hav+ yet receiv$ !
 w$d+-pres5ts1 call$ livres1 0 dress$ 9 
! be/ attire ( h] simple w>drobe3 a     
co>se d>k g[n2 a :ite h&k]*ief1 ) l>ge  
fl[]s ( gaudy col\rs2 a r$ calico apron2
 a sn[-:ite musl9 head-dress1 ! %ape (  
:i* call$ to m9d ! coiffure ( ,ann      
,boleyn & ,agnes ,sorel4 ,m>ie's        
features 7 fre%-look+1 & light$ up ) a  
smile1 b )\t any expression ( pride1    
albeit %e _h "s good reason = su* a     

feel+ at ?is mom5t4 ,g]ma9 0 grave &    
t5d] 9 8 att5tions to 8 betro!d1 l !    
y\?ful ,jacob salut+ ,ra*el at ! wells (
 ,laban4 ,any o!r girl w\ld h assum$ an 
air ( importance & triumph2 = 9 all     
classes ( society1 x is some?+ = a girl 
to be m>ri$ = h] sp>kl+ eyes4 ,b ,m>ie's
 eyes gli/5$ ) te>s ( emotion & love2 y 
c\ld see at a glance t %e 0 too deeply  
affect$ to be he$ful ( ! op9ion ( o!rs4 
,pre ,maurice 0 ! spokesman on !        
occasion1 & deliv]$ ! cu/om>y complim5ts
 & invitations4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he     
fa/5$ to ! mantelpiece a bran* ( laurel 
ornam5t$ ) ribbons3 ?is is call$ !      
exploit--t is to say1 ! =m ( invitation4
 ,he !n proce$$ to di/ribute to ea* ( ^?
 invit$ a small cross1 made ( blue &    
rose col\r$ ribbon--! rose = ! bride1 ! 
blue = ! bridegroom2 & ! gue/s _h to    
keep ?is tok5--! wom5 to deck _!        
head-dress1 & ! m5 _! buttonhole1 on !  
day ( ! w$d+4 ,?is is _! ticket (       
admission to ! c]emonies4  ,pre         
,maurice1 aft] mak+ 8 complim5ts1 invit$

 ! ma/] ( ! h\se & all 8 'company'--t is
 to say1 all 8 *ildr51 8 k9sfolk1 8     
fri5ds1 & s]vants--to ! b5$iction1 to ! 
ent]ta9m5t1 to ! fea/1 to ! dance1 & 'to
 all ! re/2' obs]v+ ) ! usual =m (      
words3 ',i h done y ! hon\r ( bidd+ y to
 ! w$d+4'  ,not)/&+ ! lib]ality ( !     
invitation c>ri$ ?us f h\se to h\se1    
?r\gh ! :ole p>i%1 ! natural polit5ess (
 ! peasants1 :i* is rem>kably discreet1 
prescribes t only two p]sons ( ea*      
family %\ld avail !mselves ( !          
summons--! head ( ! family & "o ( !     
*ildr54  ,! invitations be+ conclud$1 ! 
betro!d c\ple & _! relatives repair$ to 
d9n] toge!r at ! f>mh\se1 aft] :i* ,m>ie
 t5d$ h] ?ree %eep on ! common1 & ,g]ma9
 w5t to "w 9 ! fields1 z if no?+ _h     
happ5$4  ,! day be=e t appo9t$ = ! w$d+1
 at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ! b& (    
music arriv$--t is to say1 ! bagpipe1 & 
! man ) ! triangle1--_! in/rum5ts       
ornam5t$ ) long float+ ribbons1 & play+ 
a m>* = ! occasion1 some:at sl[1 inde$1 
= feet n indig5\s to ! c\ntry1 b 9      

p]fect h>mony ) ! "* ( ! soil & !       
up-&-d[n nature ( ! roads 9 ^? p>ts4 ,"s
 pi/ol-%ots1 fir$ by ! "y folks &       
*ildr51 ann\nc$ ! comm5cem5t ( !        
nuptials4 ,! company gradually assembl$1
 & a dance 0 /ruck up on ! grass-plot   
be=e ! h\se4 ,at nightfall1 /range      
prep>ations 7 begun1 ! p>ty sep>at+ into
 two b&s2 & :5 d>kness clos$ 91 !y      
proce$$ to ! c]emony ( ! livres1 or     
pres5t-mak+4  ,?is took place at ! h\se 
( ! bride--,mrs ,guillette's cottage4 ,!
 good woman took ) h] h] daught]2 a doz5
 "y & pretty pa/\relles1 ,m>ie's fri5ds 
& relatives2 two or ?ree respectable    
matrons1 h] neighb\rs1 loquaci\s1 quick 
( reply1 & rigid gu>dians ( anci5t      
usages2 !n %e select$ a doz5 vigor\s    
*ampions f h] k9sm5 & fri5ds2 & la/ly1 !
 old *auvreur or flaxdress] ( ! p>i%1 a 
man ( eloqu5ce & address if ev] !re 0   
"o4  ,! "p t 9 ,brittany is play$ by !  
bazvalan or village tailor1 is 9 our "p 
( ! c\ntry act$ by ! flaxdress] or      
woolcomb]--two pr(essions :i* are (t5   

unit$4 ,he is pres5t at all solemnities1
 gay or grave1 be+ ess5tially a man (   
erudition & a good speak]2 & on ^!      
occasions he has always to act z        
spokesman1 & to execute well & wor?ily  
c]ta9 =mul>ies ( spee*1 9 use f "t      
immemorial4 ,8 w&]+ pr(ession1 :i*      
introduces ! man into s _m family       
circles1 )\t all[+ him to fix himself 9 
8 own1 naturally s]ves to r5d] him      
talkative & amus+1 a ready /ory-tell]1 &
 an able man ( song4  ,! flaxdress] is  
p>ticul>ly sceptical4 ,he & ano!r ru/ic 
function>y1 ( :om we %all speak         
pres5tly1 ! grave-digg]1 are always !   
esprits =ts ( ! place4 ,!y are s mu* 9 !
 habit ( talk+ ( gho/s1 & are s well    
acqua9t$ ) all ! tricks ( :i* ^! evil   
spirits are capable1 t !y sc>cely fe> !m
 at all4 ,x is especially 9 ! night t   
all ^! wor?ies1 grave-digg]s1           
flaxdress]s1 & gho/s1 ex]cise _!        
indu/ry4 ,x is 9 ! night also !         
flaxdress] relates 8 lam5table /ories4  
,b he is no m ?an ! sacri/an addict$    

exclusively to ! pleasure ( inspir+ 8   
auditors ) fe>2 he delights 9 rais+ a   
laugh2 & is jocose & s5tim5tal by turns1
 :5 he comes to speak ( love & ,hym54   
,he is ! man to collect & /ore up 9     
memory ! mo/ anci5t songs1 & to h& !m   
d[n to po/]ity2 &1 z usual1 he 0 9 !    
pres5t in/ance ! p]son *>g$ ) !         
pres5tation ( ! w$d+-gifts at ! nuptials
 ( ,m>ie4  ,z soon z all 7 assembl$ 9 ! 
h\se1 ! doors & w9d[s 7 clos$ ) !       
greate/ c>e2 ! v leucomb %utt] ( !      
gran>y 0 b>ricad$2 planks1 trussels1 &  
tables 7 put up across all ! po9ts (    
egress1 z if "o 0 prep>+ to su/a9 a     
siege2 & )9 ?is =tification reign$ a    
solemn sil5ce ( expectation1 until f a  
di/ance 7 he>d s++1 laught]1 & ! s\nd ( 
ru/ic in/rum5ts4 ,^! 7 ! bridegroom's   
b&1 ,g]ma9 at its head1 accompani$ by 8 
/\te/ companions1 ! grave-digg]1        
k9sfolk1 fri5ds1 & s]vants1 :o =m$ a    
joy\s & solid cortge4  ,z !y approa*$ ! 
h\se1 h[ev]1 !y slack5$ _! pace1        
consult$ toge!r1 & 7 sil5t4 ,! "y girls1

 %ut up 9 ! h\se1 _h contriv$ to f9d    
little slits 9 ! w9d[s1 ?r\gh :i* !y    
wat*$ ! procession z x arriv$1 & =m$ 9  
ord] ( battle4 ,a f9e *illy ra9 fell1   
:i* add$ to ! excitem5t ( ! situation1  
:il/ a l>ge fire crackl$ & blaz$ on !   
he>? )9 doors4 ,m>ie w\ld gladly h      
%ort5$ ! inevitable sl[ness ( ?is /ate (
 siege3 %e did n at all l to see h]     
betro!d dawdl+ ab\t 9 ! wet & cold2 b %e
 _h no voice 9 ! affair--nay1 %e _h ev5 
to %>e o/5sibly 9 ! cruelty ( h]        
companions4  ,:5 ! two camps 7 ?us pit*$
 9 face ( "o ano!r1 a dis*>ge ( fire>ms 
f ! p>ty )\t doors set all ! dogs 9 !   
neighb\rhood 9 commotion3 ^? belong+ to 
! h\se flew to ! gate1 b>k+ l\dly2 & !  
little *ildr51 :om _! mo!rs va9ly       
endeav\r$ to quiet1 fell to cry+ &      
trembl+ ) fe>4 ,! grave-digg]1 ! b>d &  
orator ( ! bridegroom1 n[ /ation$       
himself be=e ! door1 & 9 a pitiable     
voice began a dialogue ) ! flaxdress]1  
:o 0 at ! g>ret-w9d[ ov] ! same door4   
,grave-digg]4 ,hollo6 my good folks1 my 

de> neighb\rs1 = m]cy's sake op5 ! door4
  ,flaxdress]4 ,pray :o may y be2 & h[  
come y to take ! lib]ty ( call+ u y\r   
de> neighb\rs8 ,we don't "k y4  ,g4 ,we 
are hone/ folks 9 tr\ble4 ,don't fe> u1 
my fri5ds1 b be/[ y\r hospitality on u4 
,! sleet falls fa/1 our feet are all    
froz51 & we h come su* a di/ance t our  
%oes are worn out4  ,! flaxdress]       
inquires %>ply :o !y are1 & receives    
v>i\s ridicul\s answ]s4 ,at l5g? !      
besieg]s say--  ,grave-digg]4 ,well1 !n1
 if y'll n li/5 to reason1 we %all ent] 
by =ce4  ,flaxdress]4 ,try1 if y l4 ,we 
are /rong en\gh n to fe> y2 & z y are   
insol5t1 we %all n answ] y any m4  ,s   
say+1 ! flaxdress] slamm$ to ! wicket ) 
a bang1 & w5t d[n a ladd] into ! room   
bel[4 ,he !n took ! bride elect by ! h&1
 & ! "y folks jo9+ !m1 all fell to danc+
 & %\t+ gaily1 :il/ ! matrons ( ! p>ty  
sang ) %rill voices1 & amid/ %\ts (     
laught]1 at ! p outside1 :o 7 attempt+ !
 assault4 ,! besieg]s1 on _! side1      
pret5d$ rage2 !y fir$ _! pi/ols at !    

doors1 set ! dogs b>k+1 rattl$ ! %utt]s1
 ?ump$ ! walls1 & utt]$ l\d cries4  ,!  
g>rison at la/ seem$ to manife/ "s      
desire to capitulate2 b requir$ z a     
condition t ! opposite p>ty %\ld s+ a   
song4 ,z soon z ! song 0 begun1 h[ev]1 !
 besieg$ repli$ ) ! second l9e2 & s long
 z !y 7 able to d ?is1 !y 7 safe4 ,! two
 antagoni/s 7 ! be/ h&s 9 ! c\ntry = a  
song1 & _! /ock seem$ inexhau/ible4     
,once or twice ! flaxdress] made a wry  
face1 fr[n$1 & turn$ to ! wom5 ) a      
disappo9t$ look4 ,! grave-digg] sang    
some?+ s old t 8 adv]s>y _h =gott5 x1 or
 p]haps _h nev] kn[n x2 b in/antly !    
good woman took up ! burd5 ( ! song ) a 
%rill voice1 & help$ _! fri5d ?r\gh 8   
tr\ble4 ,at l5g? ! p>ty ( ! bride decl>$
 !y w\ld yield1 provid$ ! o!rs (f]$ h] a
 pres5t wor?y ( h]4 ,!reupon began !    
song ( ! ,w$d+-gifts1 to an air z solemn
 z a *ur* psalm1 ! m5 outside s++ bass 9
 unison1 & ! wom5 answ]+ f )9 9         
falsetto4 ,9 tw5ty c\plets at lea/ ! m5 
enum]ate all ! w$d+-pres5ts1 & ! matrons

 at l5g? cons5t t ! door %\ld be op5$4  
,on ?is be+ arrang$1 ! flaxdress]       
in/antly drew ! wood5 spigot :i* fa/5$ !
 door on ! inside--! only fa/5+ kn[n 9  
mo/ ( ! dwell+s 9 our village--& !      
bridegroom's b& ru%$ 91 b n )\t a       
combat1 = ! lads :o g>rison$ ! place1   
ev5 ! old flaxdress] & ! anci5t village 
dames1 consid]$ x _! duty to def5d !    
he>?4 ,! invad]s 7 arm$ ) a goose /uck  
^u a l>ge iron spit1 adorn$ ) b\quets ( 
/raw & ribbons1 & to plant ?is at ! fire
 0 to ga9 possession ( ! he>?4 ,e ef=t 0
 ( c\rse made to atta9 ?is object4 ,n[  
came a v]itable battle1 al?\gh !        
combatants did n come to actual bl[s1 & 
f\ght )\t any ang] or ill-w4 ,b !y      
press$ & pu%$ "o ano!r s closely1 & !re 
0 s mu* emulation 9 ! display ( muscul> 
p[]1 t ! results might h be5 m s]i\s ?an
 !y appe>$ amid/ ! s++ & laught]4 ,!    
poor old flaxdress]1 :o f\ght l a lion1 
0 p9n$ to ! wall1 & squeez$ until he    
c\ld h>dly get brea?4 ,m ?an "o h]o 0   
roll$ 9 ! du/1 m ?an "o h& 0 )drawn     

ble$+ f an attack on ! spit4 ,^! sports 
are dang]\s1 & 9 consequ5ce ( !         
occurr5ce ( s]i\s accid5ts1 our peasants
 h resolv$ to drop !m4 ,! enorm\s iron  
spit 0 twi/$ l a screw be=e x 0 at l5g? 
flung across ! fire-irons1 & ! conque/  
a*iev$4  ,!re 0 n[ no lack ( talk &     
laught]4 ,ea* "o exhibit$ ! w\nds he _h 
receiv$2 b z !y 7 9 _m cases giv5 by !  
h& ( a fri5d1 nobody compla9$4 ,!       
matrons clean$ ! /one-floor1 & ord] 0   
re-e/abli%$4 ,! table 0 cov]$ ) pit*]s (
 new w9e4 ',:5 !y _h all drunk toge!r1  
cl9k+ _! glasses1 & _h tak5 brea?1 !    
bridegroom 0 l$ into ! middle ( ! room2 
&1 furni%$ ) a r+1 he _h to und]go a new
 trial4  ,dur+ ! conte/1 ! bride _h be5 
conceal$1 ) ?ree ( h] companions1 by h] 
"m1 h] godmo!r1 & h] aunts1 :o _h seat$ 
! f\r "y girls on a b5*1 9 a corn] ( !  
room1 & cov]$ !m ) a l>ge :ite clo?4 ,! 
?ree girls _h be5 select$ ( ! same      
height z ,m>ie2 & ?is clo? veil+ !m f   
head to foot1 x 0 impossible to di/+ui% 
"o f ano!r4 ,! bridegroom 0 only all[$  

to t\* !m ) ! end ( 8 swit*1 to po9t out
 :i* he guess$ to be 8 bride4 ,if wrong1
 he c\ld n dance ) ! latt] t ev5+1 b    
only ) ! "o he _h select$ 9 error4  ,!  
p>ty !n sep>at$1 to re-assemble at eight
 o'clock ! next morn+4 ,at ! appo9t$ "t1
 aft] a breakfa/ ( milk-s\p1 well pepp]$
 to /imulate ! appetite--= !            
nuptial-fea/ promis$ to be a ri* "o--all
 assembl$ 9 ! f>my>d4 ,a j\rney ( sev]al
 miles _h to be p]=m$ to obta9 ! nuptial
 b5$iction4 ,g]ma9 m\nt$ ! gray m>e1 :i*
 _h be5 new %od & deck$ ) ribbons = !   
occasion2 ! bride rode beh9d him2 :il/ 8
 bro!r-9-law1 ,jacques1 0 m\nt$ on ! old
 gray1 ) ! gr&mo!r4 ,! joy\s cavalcade  
set out1 escort$ by ! *ildr5 on foot1 :o
 kept fir+ pi/ols & mak+ ! horses />t4  
,mrs ,maurice1 ! "m1 seat$ ) ! *ildr5 & 
! village fiddl]s 9 a c>t1 op5$ !       
procession to ! s\nds ( ! little b& (   
music4  ,a cr[d 0 ga!r$ at ! mairie & ! 
*ur* to see ! pretty bride4 ,we mu/     
describe h] dress1 x became h] s well4  
,h] clean musl9 cap1 embroid]$ all ov]1 

_h lappets trimm$ ) lace2 a :ite k]*ief1
 mode/ly cross$ 9 front1 left visible   
only ! delicate outl9e ( a neck r\nd$ l 
t ( a dove2 h] dress ( f9e gre5 clo? set
 (f h] pretty figure2 & %e wore an apron
 ( violet silk1 ) ! bavette or bib1 :i* 
! village lasses h s9ce !n fooli%ly giv5
 up4  ,at ! c]emony ( ! (fr&e1 ,g]ma91  
accord+ to cu/om1 plac$ ! treiza9e--t is
 to say1 ?irte5 pieces ( silv]--9 ! h& (
 8 bride1 & slipp$ on h] f+] a silv] r+ 
( a peculi> =m1 :i* _h exi/$ un*ang$ =  
ages1 b :i* has n[ be5 replac$ by !     
alliance d'or4  ,we pass ov] ! c]emony (
 ! w$d+4 ,! p>ty rem\nt$ _! /e$s1 &     
return$ home at a rapid pace4 ,! fea/ 0 
spl5did1 & la/$ till midnight1 int]sp]s$
 ) song & dance4 ,! old folks did n quit
 ! table = f\rte5 h\rs4 ,! grave-digg]  
sup]9t5d$ ! cuis9e1 & fill$ 8 "p to     
admiration2 9 fact1 he 0 fam\s 9 ?is    
l9e1 & betwe5 ! s]vices1 he left 8 cook+
 & jo9$ 9 ! dance & song4 ,he 0 /rong1  
fre%1 & gay z a l>k4 ,on leav+ a        
w$d+-p>ty1 he w\ld g & dig a grave1 or  

nail d[n a c(f9--a task ( :i* he        
acquitt$ himself ) pi\s c>e4  ,we n[    
come to ! ?ird & mo/ curi\s day ( !     
nuptials1 :i* is /ill /rictly obs]v$4 ,z
 ! c]emony ( ! livres is ! symbol ( tak+
 possession ( ! he>t & home ( ! bride1 t
 ( ! *\ is ! type ( ! fecundity (       
m>riage4 ,aft] breakfa/ ! next morn+1   
?is p]=mance comm5c$--a cu/om ( anci5t  
,gallic orig91 :i* became gradually a   
sort ( ,my/]y or ,morality ( ! middle   
ages4 ,two lads disappe> dur+ !         
breakfa/1 g & dress !mselves up1 & !n   
return1 accompani$ by music1 dogs1      
*ildr51 & fir+ ( pi/ols4 ,!y repres5t a 
c\ple ( begg>s--husb& & wife--cov]$ )   
rags3 !y are call$ ! g>d5] & 8 wife 7le 
j>d9i] & la j>d9ire71 & give out t !y h 
! *>ge & ! cultivation ( ! sacr$        
cabbage4 ,! man's face is b$aub$ ) soot 
& w9e-lees1 or sometimes cov]$ ) a      
grotesque mask4 ,a brok5 pot or an old  
%oe1 susp5d$ to 8 belt ) a bit ( /r+1   
s]ves him to beg = & collect ! (f]+s (  
w9e4 ,no "o refuses2 & he pret5ds to    

dr9k1 & !n p\rs ! w9e on ! gr\nd1 9 tok5
 ( libation4 ,he n[ feigns to be tipsy1 
& rolls 9 ! mud2 :il/ 8 poor wife runs  
aft] him1 reproa*+ him pa!tically1 &    
call+ = help4 ,a h&b>r[ is n[ br\ght1 on
 :i* is plac$ ! g>d5]1 ) a spade1 a     
cord1 & a l>ge basket4 ,f\r /rong m5    
c>ry him on _! %\ld]s4 ,8 wife foll[s on
 foot1 & ! old folks come aft] ) a grave
 & p5sive air2 !n ! nuptial procession  
m>* two by two to ! measure ( ! music4  
,! fir+ ( pi/ols recomm5ces1 ! dogs b>k 
m l\dly ?an ev] at ! sight ( ! g>d5] ?us
 borne 9 triumph1 & ! *ildr5 je] him z  
he passes4 ,! procession arrives at !   
bride's dwell+1 & ent]s ! g>d54 ,!re a  
f9e cabbage is select$--a matt] :i* is n
 effect$ 9 a hurry1 = ! old folks hold a
 c\ncil1 ea* "o plead+ = "s fav\rite    
cabbage4 ,votes are tak52 & :5 ! *oice  
is made1 ! g>d5] ties 8 cord r\nd !     
/alk1 & retreats to ! fur!r end ( !     
g>d51 :il/ ! o!r actors 9 ! com$y--!    
flaxdress]1 ! grave-digg]1 ! c>p5t]1 & !
 %oemak]--all /& r\nd ! cabbage4 ,"o    

digs a tr5*1 advances1 rec$es1 makes a  
plan1 spies at ! o!rs ?r\gh a pair (    
spectacles2 &1 9 %ort1 aft] v>i\s       
difficulties & mumm]ies1 ! g>d5] pulls !
 cord1 8 wife spreads h] apron1 & !     
cabbage falls maje/ically amid/ !       
hurrahs ( ! spectators4 ,! basket is !n 
br\ght1 ! two g>d5]s plant ! cabbage 9 x
 ) all sorts ( precautions2 fre% e>? is 
put r\nd its root1 x is propp$ ) /icks1 
& c>efully ti$ up4 ,rosy apples on ! end
 ( /icks1 bran*es ( ?yme1 sage1 & laurel
 are /uck all r\nd x1 & ! :ole is deck$ 
) ribbons & /ream]s4 ,! trophy is !n    
replac$ on ! h&b>r[ ) ! g>d5]1 :o has to
 hold x upright1 & prev5t any accid5t4  
,la/ly1 ! procession leaves ! g>d5 9    
good ord]1 & to a measur$ m>*4 ,on com+1
 h[ev]1 to ! gate1 & aga9 :5 !y ent] !  
c\rt-y>d ( ! bridegroom's h\se1 an      
imag9>y ob/acle opposes _! passage4 ,!  
be>]s ( ! burd5 /umble1 raise a great   
outcry1 draw back1 advance aga91 &1 z if
 repell$ by "s inv9cible =ce1 pret5d to 
give way "u _! load4 ,meantime ! by/&]s 

keep exclaim+1 to excite & enc\rage !   
be>]s3 ',bravo6' ',well done1 my boys6' 
',c\rage6' ',h a c>e6' ',pati5ce6'      
',/oop n[2 ! gate is too l[6' ',to !    
left--n[ to ! "r6' ',look %>p n[6' ',n[ 
y're ?r\gh6'  ,on rea*+ ! c\rt-y>d ( !  
bridegroom1 ! cabbage is lift$ (f !     
b>r[1 & c>ri$ to ! highe/ po9t ( !      
h\se--:e!r a *imney1 a gable1 or a      
pigeon-h\se4 ,! g>d5] plants x !re1 &   
wat]s x ) a l>ge pit*] ( w9e1 :il/ a    
salvo ( pi/ol-%ots1 & ! joy\s           
contortions ( ! j>d9ire1 ann\nce its    
inauguration4 ,! same c]emony is        
imm$iately recomm5c$3 ano!r cabbage is  
remov$ f ! bridegroom's g>d51 & c>ri$ ) 
! same =malities to ! ro( ( ! h\se :i* 8
 wife has j quitt$4 ,^! trophies rema9  
!re1 until ! w9d & ra9 de/roy ! baskets1
 & c>ry away ! plants2 b !y g5]ally     
rema9 long en\gh to v]ify ! pr$ictions (
 ! village dames1 t ere _! removal1 !   
new-m>ri$ c\ple %all be bless$ ) a      
pretty little addition to _! dome/ic    
happ9ess4  ,! day is f> advanc$ :5 ^!   

c]emonies are accompli%$1 & all t       
rema9s1 is to escort ) music ! p>5ts ( !
 "y c\ple to _! homes4 ,!re !y h a      
dance1 & all is ov]4     ,,noble        
,,in/ance ,,( ,,turki% ,,g5]osity ,,&   
,,hone/y4   ,i happ5$1 a %ort "t ago1 to
 be 9 company ) a retir$ %ipma/] 9      
,liv]pool1 :o1 aft] sp5d+ =ty-five ye>s 
( 8 life *iefly 9 comm& ( vessels f t   
port1 _h retir$ to enjoy ! fruits ( a   
well-des]v$ compet5cy4 ,! conv]sation   
turn$ ^u ! difficulty1 nay1 almo/ !     
impossibility1 ( be+ able1 9 ?is        
highly-civilis$ & moral c\ntry1 9 !     
ord9>y bus9ess ( life1 to tru/ only to !
 ^w or hon\r ( ! contract+ p>ties4 ,!   
,anci5t ,m>9] fully agre$ ) me 9 my     
op9ions1 & said1 t dur+ a long int]c\rse
 ) 8 species 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe1 ! only
 m5 he _h met ) ^: words 7 equal to _!  
bonds1 or ^: hone/y w\ld /& ! te/ ( be+ 
tru/$ ) untold gold1 7--! ,turks4 ,on my
 express+ surprise at ?is unqualifi$    
encomium 9 fav\r ( a set ( m5 on :om1 z 
a nation1 we h g5]ally be5 accu/om$ to  

look ) di/ru/ & suspicion1 ! old        
g5tleman said3 ',i w give y an acc\nt ( 
! circum/ances :i* fir/ l$ me to =m ?is 
op9ion1 & leave y to judge = y\rself2' &
 add$1 t dur+ an occasional int]c\rse ) 
!m1 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s1 he 
_h _h x only ! m /r5g!n$ & confirm$4 ,he
 !n said3 ',x is n[ upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s 
s9ce ,i _h1 = ! fir/ "t1 any int]c\rse )
 ! ,m$it]ranean3 our vessel 0 *>t]$ to  
,con/ant9ople2 & "o ( ! pr9cipal own]s1 
a ,liv]pool m]*ant1 0 abo>d act+ z 8 own
 sup]c>go4 ,al?\gh x 0 my fir/          
acqua9tance ) ! ,turks1 x 0 n 81 z !    
sequel w %ew4  ',z we approa*$ our      
de/9ation1 we avail$ ourselves ( !      
cu/om>y aid ( "o ( ! local pilots2 b he 
:o on ?is occasion und]took !           
responsibility1 prov$ b an inexp]i5c$   
guide2 & f "s mi/ake 9 8 be>+s1 ran !   
vessel ^u a s&bank1 f :i* e ef=t to     
dislodge h]1 lad5 z %e 01 prov$         
unavail+4 ,we 7 on a bleak "p ( ! coa/1 
& n m ?an half a mile f ! %ore1 al?\gh a
 consid]able di/ance f our de/9$ port4  

,x 0 necess>y1 !re=e1 to take out sev]al
 boat-loads ( ! c>go1 & s5d !m on %ore1 
:atev] might be ! risk !y ran ( be+ left
 !re1 :ile we 7 gett+ ! %ip afloat aga94
 ,on express+ my fe>s z to _! safety to 
! m]*ant ^: prop]ty ! goods 71 he at    
once said3 ,i "k ! ,turks1 & w abide !  
consequ5ces ( ! /ep2 al?\gh1 situat$ z  
we 71 we c\ld n %r9k f ! results1 :atev]
 !y might be1 )\t incurr+ a mu* heavi]  
loss1 if n ! entire de/ruction ( !      
vessel4 ,accord+ly1 ! boats 7 got out1 &
 "p ( ! c>go at once transf]r$ to !m1 & 
convey$ to ! %ore1 ,i act+ z cockswa9 on
 ! occasion4 ,z ! =emo/ boat approa*$1 a
 numb] ( turban$ figures 7 se5 advanc+1 
:o1 z soon z x t\*$ ! bea*1 ru%$ into ! 
surf1 &1 ) a %\t1 haul$ x high & dry1 & 
comm5c$ at once to be> (f its c>go to a 
field 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 above  
high-wat] m>k4 ,remon/rance or resi/ance
 w\ld h be5 equally out ( ! "q1 z nei!r 
und]/ood a ^w ! o!r said1 & _! numb]s 7 
ov]p[]+4 ,s rapidly did ! goods vani% f 
! boat "u _! active op]ations1 t ,i _h n

 ev5 "t to take a note ( ! p>ticul>     
packages4 ,z soon z ! boat 0 empti$ (   
its cont5ts1 !y assi/$ 9 pu%+ x (f aga9 
into deep wat]2 & 9 a v despond+ /ate ( 
m9d reg>d+ ! ultimate fate ( ! goods :i*
 ,i _h left on %ore1 ,i return$ to !    
%ip4 ,on express+ my fe>s on t score to 
! m]*ant1 :o met me at ! gangway1 he    
smil$1 & said3 ,x's all "r1 ,i saw by ! 
turbans & dresses ( ! m5 :o came d[n to 
y t !y 7 ,turks2 & ,i "k1 f exp]i5ce1 t 
we run no risk :atev] 9 leav+ ! goods "u
 _! self-impos$ gu>dian%ip4 ,z he 0 !   
p>ty :o 0 mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! result1 ,i    
said no?+ m1 b proce$$ to light5 ! %ip z
 spe$ily z possible1 by mak+ sev]al     
additional trips to ! %ore ) z mu* ( !  
c>go z enabl$ u to get at ! balla/2 & on
 ea* occasion we receiv$ ! same prompt &
 en]getic assi/ance f our turban$       
allies1 ea* boat-load be+ c>ri$ to !    
corn] ( ! field :]e ! o!rs 7 deposit$4  
,x requir$ two days to get ! %ip        
suffici5tly light5$ ( h] balla/1 s z to 
get h] afloat aga91 & ?is we 7 enabl$ to

 d )\t h] su/a9+ any damage ( a s]i\s   
nature1 z ! wea!r1 =tunately = u1       
cont9u$ p]fectly calm4  ',dur+ ^! two   
nights t ! goods 7 left on %ore1 !y 7   
wat*$ by two ( ! ,turks alone2 & :5 we 7
 ready = _! re%ipm5t1 !y assi/$ u z     
en]getically 9 replac+ !m 9 ! boat1 z !y
 did at fir/ 9 remov+ !m f x4 ,on our   
la/ trip to ! %ore1 ! m]*ant w5t ) u1 & 
,i took sev]al pieces ( gold ) me1 :i*  
,i (f]$ to ! hone/ fell[s :o _h s       
g5]\sly & volunt>ily r5d]$ u su*        
effici5t s]vice2 :51 to my /ill great]  
surprise1 !y1 to a man1 mak+ a l[ b[1 & 
mutt]+ some?+1 :i* to me 0              
un9telligible1 put _! h&s on _! he>ts1 &
 refus$ to accept x4 ,! m]*ant1 :o      
und]/ood a ^w or two only ( _! language1
 said t he c\ld make out t :at !y _h    
said 01 t we 7 bro!rs1 & 9 di/ress1 & t 
0 en\gh to induce !m to d :at !y c\ld to
 assi/ u4  ',our vessel !n proce$$ on h]
 voyage to ,con/ant9ople1 :i* %e rea*$ 9
 a %ort "t1 & got h] c>go safely        
disemb>k$4 ,:ile !re1 ,i occasionally   

met 9 ! /reets sev]al ( ! m5 :o _h      
assi/$ u1 & receiv$ f !m 9 pass+ always 
a pleas+ smile ( recognition4'  ,i ask  
my read]s :e!r !y ?9k t1 if su* a ?+ _h 
occurr$ on almo/ any "p ( our own coa/s1
 a simil> result w\ld h tak5 place8 ,is 
x n notori\s1 & a deep & indelible /a9  
on ! great proportion ( our population  
on ! coa/1 t on a wreck tak+ place1 !   
natives n only pilf] all t !y c lay _!  
h&s ^u1 b sometimes d n ev5 hesitate1 x 
is alleg$1 to ext+ui% any glimm]+ sp>ks 
( life t may be p]ceptible 9 ! bodies ( 
! un=tunate m>9]s :o h be5 wa%$ a%ore--)
 a view to protect !mselves 9 !         
possession ( _! basely acquir$ spoil8 ,&
 is x n equally notori\s1 t s f> f _!   
do+ any?+ to w>n a %ip 9 di/ress1 t !y  
see approa*+ _! iron-b\nd %ores1 ( its  
dang]1 & do+ any?+ to prev5t x1 !y v (t5
 %ew false signals1 s z to draw !       
un=tunate vessel ^u ! rocks :i* x is s  
anxi\s to avoid8 ,su* practices are an  
ev]la/+ disgrace to ! natives ( _m p>ts 
( our coa/s2 & h[ nobly1 !re=e1 does !  

conduct ( ! poor ,turks contra/ ) x1 &  
t1 too1 be x borne 9 m9d1 ev5 :5 r5d]$  
to ^? :om !y are taught to reg>d z      
,infidels6  ,my v5]able in=mant also    
told me1 t dur+ an occasional int]c\rse1
 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( ne>ly tw5ty ye>s1 
) ! natives ( sev]al p>ts ( ,turkey1 he 
_h nev] met ) a solit>y in/ance ev5 (   
di%one/y1 or a dep>ture f an agreem5t1 !
 conditions ( :i* _h only be5 settl$ by 
a v]bal engagem5t1 ev5 :5 ! result w\ld 
evid5tly be unfav\rable to !m4          
,,lady ,,betty1 ,,! ,,hangwoman4        
,! foll[+ curi\s sket* is f ,mr ,w4 ,r4 
,wilde's ,iri%      ,popul>             
,sup]/itions1 pr9t$ 9 ,m',gla%an's      
,read+s 9      ,popul> ,lit]ature4 ,x   
does n ref] to a sup]/ition1 b to       
"o ( ^? facts :i* exhibit z mu* ( !     
pret]natural z      ! wilde/ excursion (
 fancy4 ,a portion ( ! little volume is 
repr9t$ f ! ,dubl9 ,univ]sity ,magaz9e1 
&1 = aught      we "k1 ,lady ,betty may 
h made h] appe>ance orig9ally 9      t  
"w4  ,! old jail ( ,roscommon /ood1 &1  

al?\gh n[ conv]t$ to o!r purposes1 /ill 
/&s 9 ! m>ket-place1 9 ! c5tre ( ! t[n4 
,x is an exce$+ly high1 d>k1            
gloomy-look+ build+1 ) a ca/ellat$ top1 
l "o ( ! anci5t =tresses t t[] above !  
h\ses 9 _m ( ! cont95tal cities4 ,x c be
 disc]n$ at a great di/ance2 &1 tak5 9  
connection ) ! ext5sive ru9s (          
,o',connor's ,ca/le1 9 ! suburbs1 & !   
beautiful abbey ^u ! o!r side ( ! t[n1  
seems to p>take ( ! "* ( ! middle-age   
ar*itecture4 ,! fatal drop 01 p]haps1 ! 
highe/ 9 ,irel&4 ,x consi/$ ( a small   
doorway 9 ! front ( ! ?ird /orey1 ) a   
simple iron beam & pulley above1 & !    
lapbo>d m]ely a horizontal door h+$ to !
 wall b5ea?1 & rais$ or let fall by     
means ( a slid+-bolt1 :i* %ot f ! wall  
:5 !re 0 occasion to put ! app>atus (   
dea? 9 requisition4 ,fe>ful z ?is       
elevat$ gall[s appe>$1 & unique 9 its   
"*1 x 0 n m s ?an ! f9i%] ( ! law :o !n 
g5]ally (ficiat$ ^u x4 ,no decrepit     
wret*1 no crime-h>d5$ ruffian1 no secret
 & my/]i\s p]sonage1 :o 0 produc$       

occasionally disguis$ & mask$1 pli$ 8   
dreadful trade "h4 ,:o1 ?9k y1 g5tle    
read]--:o n[1 p]haps1 recoils f ^!      
unpleasant b tru?ful m9uti--(ficiat$ ^u 
?is gall[s high8--a female6--a          
middle-ag$1 /\t-made1 d>k-ey$1          
sw>?y-complexion$1 b by no means        
=bidd+-look+ woman--! celebrat$ ,lady   
,betty--! f9i%]ess ( ! law--! unfl9*+   
prie/ess ( ! executive = ! ,connaught   
circuit1 & ,roscommon 9 p>ticul>1 = _m  
ye>s4 ,few *ildr51 born or re>$ 9 t     
c\nty ?irty1 or ev5 five-&-tw5ty ye>s   
ago1 :o 7 n occasionally fright5$ into  
'be+ good1' & go+ to sleep1 & n cry+ :5 
left alone 9 ! d>k1 by hugga? a' ,pooka1
 or1 '"h's ,lady ,betty4' ,! only       
fragm5t ( h] hi/ory :i* we h be5 able to
 collect is1 t %e 0 a p]son ( viol5t    
temp]1 ?\gh 9 mann]s r above ! common1 &
 possess+ "s education4 ,x 0 said t %e 0
 a native ( ! ,c\nty ,k]ry1 & t by h]   
h>% usage %e drove h] only son f h] at  
an e>ly age4 ,he enli/$2 b1 9 c\rse (   
ye>s1 return$ ) "s money 9 8 pocket1 !  

result ( 8 campaign+4 ,he knock$ at 8   
fa!r's door1 & ask$ a night's lodg+1    
det]m9$ to see = himself :e!r ! brutal  
"m he _h left _h 9 any way rep5t$1 or 0 
s(t5$ 9 h] disposition1 be=e he w\ld    
reveal himself4 ,he 0 admitt$1 b n      
recognis$4 ,! "m1 discov]+ t he possess$
 "s money1 murd]$ him dur+ ! night4 ,!  
crime 0 discov]$1 & ! wret*$ woman      
s5t5c$ to be hang$1 along ) ! usual     
dockful ( %eep-/eal]s1 ,:iteboys1       
%op-lift]s1 & cattle-h\gh]s1 :o1 to !   
am\nt ( sev5 or eight at a "t1 7        
inv>iably 'turn$ (f' )9 f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs
 aft] _! s5t5ces at ea* assizes4 ,no    
execution] be+ at h&1 "t press+1 & !    
%]iff & 8 deputy be+ m5 ( ref9em5t1     
education1 humanity1 & s5sibility1 :o   
c\ld n be expect$ to fulfil ! (fice :i* 
!y _h und]tak5--& = :i* "o ( !m1 at     
lea/1 0 paid--?is wret*$ woman1 be+ !   
only p]son 9 ! jail :o c\ld be f\nd to  
p]=m ! (fice1 cons5t$2 & "u ! "n ( ,lady
 ,betty1 (ficiat$1 unmask$ & undisguis$1
 z hangwoman = a great numb] ( ye>s     

aft]2 & %e us$ also to flog publicly 9 !
 /reets1 z a "p ( h] trade4 ,num]\s are 
! tales relat$ ( h] exploits1 :i* we h  
n[ no desire to dwell ^u4 ,we may1      
h[ev]1 m5tion "o extraord9>y trait ( h] 
"*4 ,%e 0 9 ! habit ( draw+1 ) a burnt  
/ick1 ^u ! walls ( h] ap>tm5t1 portraits
 ( all ! p]sons %e execut$4     ,,! ,,w 
,,& ,,! ,,way4   ,i le>n$ gramm> :5 ,i 0
 a private soldi] on ! pay ( sixp5ce a  
day4 ,! edge ( my b]?1 or t ( my        
gu>d-b$1 0 my seat to /udy 92 my        
knapsack 0 my bookcase1 & a bit ( bo>d  
ly+ 9 my lap 0 my writ+-table4 ,i _h no 
money to pur*ase c&le or oil2 9 w9t]1 x 
0 r>ely t ,i c\ld get any light b t ( ! 
fire1 & only my turn ev5 ( t4 ,to buy a 
p5 or piece ( pap]1 ,i 0 compell$ to    
=ego "s portion ( food1 ?\gh 9 a /ate ( 
half-/>vation4 ,i _h n a mom5t ( "t t ,i
 c\ld call my own2 & ,i _h to read &    
write amid ! talk+1 laugh+1 s++1 :i/l+1 
& bawl+ ( at lea/ half a score ( ! mo/  
?\ghtless ( m5--& t1 too1 9 ! h\rs ( _! 
fre$om f all control4 ,& ,i say1 if ,i1 

"u ^! circum/ances1 c\ld enc\nt] &      
ov]come ! task1 is !re--c !re be1 9 !   
:ole _w1 a y\? :o c f9d an excuse = !   
non-p]=mance8--,william ,cobbett4       
,,pap]-,,mills4   ,a return has be5 made
 ( ! numb] ( pap]-mills at pres5t at "w 
9 ,engl&1 ,wales1 ,irel&1 & ,scotl&2    
also ( ! numb] ( 'beat+-eng9es' 9 ea*   
mill4 ,f ?is x appe>s t !re are 9 ,engl&
 #cjd pap]-mills at pres5t 9 activity1  
hav+ #abfg beat+-eng9es at "w1 & #ajg   
sil5t4 ,9 ,scotl&1 !re are #dh mills1   
hav+ #bgh beat+-eng9es at "w1 & #h      
sil5t4 ,9 ,irel&1 !re are #bh mills1    
hav+ #ga beat+-eng9es at "w1 & #ae      
sil5t4 ,9 ,wales1 !re are no pap]-mills4
 ,! total is1 #hhj mills1 hav+ #afaf    
beat+-eng9es at "w1 & #acj sil5t4       
,,l9es ,,to ----4       ,o c\ld ,i love 
!e1 love z ?\ art wor?y to be lov$1     
,?y deep1 ?y con/ant t5d]ness my purpose
 might h mov$4     ,i "k1 might ,i      
accept ?y he>t1 a blissful lot 7 m9e2   
,w\ld we _h e>li] met--b no6 ,i nev]    
c\ld be ?9e4      ,i love !e z a si/]   

loves a bro!r k9d & de>1     ,& feel a  
si/]'s ?rill+ pride :5e'er ?y praise ,i 
he>2     ,& ,i h brea!d a si/]'s pray] =
 !e at ,m]cy's ?rone1     ,& ne'er a    
tru]1 pur] love might si/]'s bosom own4 
,i knew ?is trial 0 9 /ore2 ,i felt x   
day by day2     ,& (t 9 agony ,i pray$  
?is cup might pass away2     ,& yet ,i  
lack$ ! p[] to tell1 :at ?\ too late mu/
 he>1     ,to tell !e t ano!r claims ?is
 he>t to !e s de>4      ,alas6 t ,i mu/ 
cause !e pa9--,i "k t ?\ wilt grieve--  
,= oh6 ?\ art all tru?fulness2 ?\ nev]  
c\ld/ deceive2     ,& ,i h wept :5      
anxi\s c>e sat heavy on ?y br[1     ,h  
wept :5 o!rs w\nd$ !e1 & ,i mu/ w\nd !e 
n[4      ,x may be t 9 aft]-ye>s we yet 
%all meet aga91     ,:5 "t has cancell$ 
e trace ( ?is d>k h\r ( pa93     ,o may 
,i see !e happy1 ble/1 :ate'er my lot   
may be1     ,&1 z a si/] & a fri5d1 ,i  
%all rejoice ) !e4                      
,,h>riet4     ,,process ,,= ,,produc+   
,,tap]$ ,,iron4   ,9 ,no4 #dcj ( ?is    
,j\rnal1 page #bjg1 !re is "s m5tion ( !

 pat5t$ roll+ process = tap]+ b>-iron by
 ma*9]y4 ,?is important inv5tion is n ( 
,am]ican orig91 z p]sons unacqua9t$ ) ! 
facts might imag9e3 x 0 fir/ practis$ at
 ! ,m]sey ,/eel & ,iron ,company's works
 at ,liv]pool1 & !n pat5t$ by ,mr       
,william ,clay 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!    
,company m5tion$ 7 aw>d$ = ! manufacture
 ! prize-m$al ( ! ,great ,exhibition1 & 
! silv] m$als ( ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute (  
,philadelphia1 & ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( 
,new ,york4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,pr9t$ & ,publi%$ by
 ,w4 & ,r4 ,,*amb]s1 ,high ,/reet1      
,ed9burgh4 ,also sold by ,w4 ,s4 ,,orr1 
,am5 ,corn]1 ,london2 ,d4 ,n4 ,,*amb]s1 
#ee ,we/ ,nile ,/reet1 ,glasg[2 & ,j4   
,m',,gla%an1 #ej ,upp] ,sackville       
,/reet1 ,dubl94--,adv]tisem5ts = ,mon?ly
 ,p>ts are reque/$ to be s5t to         
,,maxwell  ,,co41 #ca ,ni*olas ,lane1   
,lomb>d ,/reet1 ,london1 to :om all     
applications respect+ _! ins]tion mu/ be
 made4