,,salt]',s ,,edition4 ,,field',s ,,*romatography2 ,,or1 ,,treatise ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pigm5ts ,,z ,,us$ ,,by ,,arti/s4 ,,an ,,entirely ,,new ,,& ,,practical ,,edition2 ,,revis$1 ,,rewritt51 ,,& ,,br\ght ,,d[n ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,"t4 ,,by ,,?omas ,w4 ,,salt]1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,ars probat artificem4 ,,london3 ,,w9sor ,,& ,,newton1 #ch1 ,,ra?bone ,,place1 ,manufactur+ ,arti/s' ,col\rm5 by ,special ,appo9tm5t to ,h] ,maje/y1 & ,_! ,royal ,highnesses ! ,pr9ce & ,pr9cess ( ,wales4 ,! ,"r ( ,translation is res]v$4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,col\r+4 ,*apt]4 ,page4 ,i4--,on ,col\r+ #c ,,ii4--,on ! ,relations & ,h>monies ( ,col\rs #ac ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pigm5ts ,,g5]ally4 ,,iii4--,on ,classes ( ,col\rs #bg ,,iv4--,on ! ,durability & ,fugacity ( ,pigm5ts #ca ,v4--,on ! ,g5]al ,qualities ( ,pigm5ts #df ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pigm5ts ,,individually4 ,,vi4--,on ,col\rs & ,pigm5ts individually #eg ,,vii4--,on ! ,neutral1 ,:ite #fb ,,viii4--,on ! ,prim>y1 ,yell[ #ha ,,ix4--,on ! ,prim>y1 ,r$ #abg ,x4--,on ! ,prim>y1 ,blue #ahc ,,xi4--,on ! ,second>y1 ,orange #bci ,,xii4--,on ! ,second>y1 ,gre5 #bfc ,,xiii4--,on ! ,second>y1 ,purple #bid ,,xiv4--,on ! ,t]ti>y1 ,citr9e #caj ,,xv4--,on ! ,t]ti>y1 ,russet #cbj ,,xvi4--,on ! ,t]ti>y1 ,olive #cbe ,,xvii4--,on ! ,semi-,neutral1 ,br[n #ccd ,,xviii4--,on ! ,semi-,neutral1 ,m>rone #cfb ,,xix4--,on ! ,semi-,neutral1 ,gray #cgb ,,xx4--,on ! ,neutral1 ,grey #cha ,,xxi4--,on ! ,neutral1 ,black #chg ,add5dum #dad ,index #dag ,,notice4 ,among ! works consult$ 9 ?is ,edition are ! foll[+1 f mo/ ( :i* extracts h be5 tak53 ,bancr(t's ,philosophy ( ,col\rs4 ,br&e's ,manual ( ,*emi/ry4 ,*emical ,news4 ,*evreul on ,col\r4 ,f[nes' ,manual ( ,*emi/ry4 ,gmel9's ,h&book ( ,*emi/ry4 ,h&books on ,art4 ,liebig & ,kopp's ,annual ,report ( ! ,progress ( ,*emi/ry4 ,mrime's ,pa9t+ 9 ,oil4 ,muspratt's ,diction>y ( ,*emi/ry4 ,norm&y's ,comm]cial ,h&book ( ,*emical ,analysis4 ,o',neill's ,*emi/ry ( ,calico ,pr9t+4 ,qu>t]ly ,j\rnal ( ! ,*emical ,society4 ,rusk9's ,elem5ts ( ,draw+4 ,watts' ,diction>y ( ,*emi/ry4 ,,"p ,i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,col\r+4 ,,*romatography2 ,,or1 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pigm5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,on ,,col\r+4 ,h[ e>ly1 & to :at ext5t1 col\r+ may h atta9$ ! rank ( sci5ce among ! anci5ts1 are que/ions n easily set at re/2 b t "s progress _h be5 made1 ev5 at a v remote p]iod1 is prov$ by ! magnific5t tombs ( ! ,egyptian k+s at ,!bes1 :]e ! walls ( ! royal mausoleum are describ$ z be+ cov]$ ) pa9t+s s fre% & p]fect1 z to require nei!r re/oration nor improvem5t4 ,s f> f ?is1 inde$1 t ) all c>e 9 copy+1 x 0 difficult to equal ! brilliancy ( ! orig9als1 :i*1 z f> z col\rs w5t1 ?rew all o!rs 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,& yet1 9 spite ( ! scale hav+ compris$ pure v]milion1 o*res1 & indigo1 x 0 n gaudy1 ow+ to ! judici\s balance ( ! col\rs1 & ! artful managem5t ( ! black4 ,nor 0 !re an ornam5t ?r\gh\t ! dresses1 :]e9 ! r$1 yell[1 & blue1 7 n s employ$ z to produce a delici\s h>mony4 ,moreov]1 x is /at$ t 9 "o pa9t+ eighty feet high & proportionably broad1 :i* 0 divid$ into two ranges ( gigantic figures1 ^! 7 gl[+ ) mo/ exquisite col\rs1 suit$ to ! drap]y & nak$ p>ts2 & 9 :i* ! azure1 yell[1 gre51 c41 7 z well pres]v$ z ?\gh !y _h be5 laid on ye/]day4 ,aga91 an ap>tm5t 0 discov]$ among ! /up5d\s ru9s at ,c>nac1 on ! site ( anci5t ,!bes1 "o hundr$ paces wide & sixty deep1 completely cr[d$ ) pill>s1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! ceil+1 ro(1 & walls1 7 decorat$ ) figures 9 basso-relievo1 & hi]oglyphics--all m>vell\sly beautiful & f9ely pa9t$1 & z fre%1 spl5did & glori\s1 aft] s _m ages1 z if !y _h j be5 f9i%$4 ,9 v>i\s acc\nts ^! col\r+s ( ! ,egyptians are describ$ 9 ! w>me/ t]ms ( admiration4 ,! mo/ *>m+ are und\bt$ly ^? on ! tombs & temples3 o!rs ( less m]it h be5 f\nd on ! cases & clo?s ( mummies1 & on papyrus rolls2 b x is to ! patt]ns on ! walls & ceil+s ( _! h\ses t !y seem to h be5 mo/ p>tial1 & paid ! mo/ att5tion4 ,! ord9>y col\rs employ$ by !m 7 r$1 yell[1 gre51 & blue4 ,( ! la/ !re 7 two t9ts2 black also 0 common4 ,= :ite1 ! f9ely prep>$ /one-col\r$ gr\nd 0 deem$ suffici5t4 ,^! col\rs 7 occasionally modifi$ by mixture ) *alk2 b 7 always1 or ne>ly always1 appli$ s+ly1 9 an unmix$ /ate4 ,) reg>d to _! composition1 *emical analysis has %[n sev]al ( ! blues to be oxide ( copp] ) a small proportion ( iron2 none conta9+ cobalt4 ,!re is little d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ! mo/ brilliant specim5s--^? :i* reta9 all _! orig9al =ce & beauty 9 ! temples ( ,upp] ,egypt aft] an exposure ( ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 consi/ ( ultram>9e--! celebrat$ ,arm5ian blue1 possibly1 ( ! anci5ts4 ,! r$s seem = ! mo/ "p to be compos$ ( oxide ( iron mix$ ) lime1 & 7 probably limit$ to iron e>?s & o*res1 ) a native c9nab> or v]milion4 ,! yell[s are said to h be51 9 _m cases1 vegetable col\rs2 b x is likely e>?s & o*res 7 _! *ief s\rce4 ,! gre5s consi/ ( yell[ mix$ ) copp] blue4 ,! blui%-gre5 :i* sometimes appe>s on ,egyptian antiquities1 is m]ely a fad$ blue4 ,! blacks are bo? ( vegetable & m9]al orig91 hav+ be5 obta9$ f a v>iety ( sub/ances 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,b1 z %[n by ,lay>d 9 8 discov]ies at ,n9eveh1 a k ( col\r+ 0 n conf9$ to ! ,egyptians2 x 0 likewise possess$ by ! ,assyrians4 ,! pa9t$ ornam5ts ( ! latt] are /at$ to h be5 rem>kably elegant2 & al?\gh ! col\rs 7 limit$ to blue1 r$1 :ite1 yell[1 & black1 yet !y 7 arrang$ ) s mu* ta/e & skill1 & ! contra/s 7 s judici\sly pres]v$1 t ! comb9ations 7 9 g5]al agreeable to ! eye4 ,! pale yell[i%-:ite gr\nd on :i* ! designs 7 pa9t$1 resembl$ ! t9t on ! walls ( ,egyptian monum5ts1 & a /rong well-def9$ black outl9e 0 f\nd to be z peculi> a feature 9 ,assyrian z 9 ,egyptian pa9t+1 black frequ5tly comb9+ ) :ite alone1 or alt]nat+ ) o!r col\rs4 ,z f> z !y h be5 analys$1 ! pigm5ts employ$ 7 m9]al1 ! brighte/ be+ a blue d]iv$ f copp]4 ,no traces ( vegetable col\rs h be5 f\nd2 x is presum$ t !y exi/$1 b be+ subject to m rapid decay ?an ! m9]al pigm5ts1 !y h disappe>$4 ,t all ! col\rs1 inde$1 employ$ by ! anci5ts 7 n p]man5t1 0 prov$ by ! fact ( c]ta9 blues & r$s1 brilliant & vivid :5 ! e>? 0 remov$ f !m1 fad+ rapidly :5 expos$ to ! air4 ,f ,philocles1 ! ,egyptian1 & ,gyges1 a ,lydian1 bo? ( :om1 accord+ to ,pl9y1 acquir$ ! k ( ! art ( pa9t+ 9 ,egypt1 ! ,greeks obta9$ ! k ( _! ,ars ,*romatica1 :i* !y are said to h c>ri$ by gradual advances dur+ sev]al c5turies1 f ! mono*romatic ( _! e>li] pa9t]s1 to ! p]fection ( col\r+ "u ,zeuxis & ,apelles1 #dej to #cej ,b4,c4 ,un=tunately1 n long aft]1 or ab\t #cjj ,b4,c41 art rapidly det]iorat$2 ! invasion ( ! ,romans comm5c$2 & ! pr9ciples ( light1 %ade1 & col\rs 9 pa9t+ z und]/ood by ! ,greeks1 toge!r ) _! valuable treatises on ! subject 7 lo/4 ,! e>ly ,roman & ,flor5t9e pa9t]s1 s em95t 9 o!r respects1 7 almo/ de/itute ( ^? pr9ciples1 & ( truly ref9$ feel+ = ! effects ( col\r+4 ,! p>tial re/oration ( ?is bran* seems to h be5 coeval ) ! e>lie/ practice ( pa9t+ 9 oil4 ,! glory ( x belongs to ! ,v5etians1 to :om ! art ( pa9t+ pass$ ) ! la/ rema9s ( ! ,greek s*ools aft] ! capture ( ,con/ant9ople at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,giovanni ,bell9i laid ! f\ndation ( col\r+1 & ,titian c>ri$ x to its highe/ practical p]fection4 ,f ! ,v5etian x ext5d$ to ! ,lomb>d1 ,flemi%1 & ,spani% s*ools4 ,9 ! practice ( ^!1 h[ev]1 !re 0 p]haps z mu* ( in/9ct z pr9ciple1 col\r+ /ill rema9+ to be e/abli%$ 9 its p]fection z a sci5ce4 ,accord+ to ! true1 natural1 & philosophical classification ( pa9t+1 !re are b ?ree pr9cipal classes or s*ools2 viz43 ! gross & mat]ial :i* is cont5t ) m]e nature1 & to :i* belong ! ,dut* & ,flemi% s*ools2 ! s5sible1 :i* aims at ref9$ & select nature1 & accords ) ! ,v5etian s*ool2 & ! intellectual1 :i* aspires to ! ideal 9 beauty1 gr&eur1 & sublimity1 & corresponds ) ! ,greek1 ,roman1 & ,flor5t9e s*ools4 ,mod]n art z f\nd$ ^u ! intellectual s*ool ( ! anci5t ,greeks1 became gr&1 sci5tific1 & sev]e 9 ! practice ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ,leon>do da ,v9ci2 graceful1 beautiful & expressive 9 ,raphael1 ,correggio1 ,dom9i*9o1 & ,guido2 &1 aim+ at s5sible p]fection1 x atta9$ h>mony ( col\r+ & effect 9 ! works ( ,titian & ,t9toret2 b x sunk into grossness & s5suality :ile p]fect+ itself mat]ially among ! ,flemi% & ,dut*4 ,9 ! practice ( ! individual 9 pa9t+1 z well z 9 all revolutions ( pictorial art1 9 anci5t ,greece z 9 mod]n ,italy1 col\r+ 9 its p]fection has be5 ! la/ atta9m5t ( excell5ce 9 e s*ool4 ,x has be5 ju/ly obs]v$1 inde$1 t = ne> ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 s9ce pa9t+ 0 reviv$1 we c\ld h>dly reckon six pa9t]s t _h be5 good col\ri/s1 among ! ?\s&s :o _h lab\r$ to become su*4 ,b !re is reason to hope t z ,zeuxis succe$$ & excell$ ,polygnotus1 & ,titian ,raphael1 ! arti/s ( ,brita9 w transc5d all prec$+ s*ools 9 ! *romatic dep>tm5t ( pa9t+4 ,x is ev5 probable t !y may surpass !m 9 all o!r bran*es1 & 9 e mode & application ( ! art1 z !y h already m p>ticul>ly done 9 an orig9al & unrivall$ use ( wat]-col\rs4 ,happily1 too1 !re has aris5 among u a s*ool ( col\r+ t confirms ?is expectation1 /r5g!n$ z x is1 by ! suitabl5ess ( our climate to p]fect vision4 ,= 9 x we h t mean degree ( light :i* is be/ adapt$ to ! di/+ui%+ ( col\rs1 a b\ndless div]sity ( hue 9 nature reliev$ by ^? f9e effects ( light & %ade :i* are d5i$ to m v]tical suns1 besides ^? beauties ( complexion & feature 9 our females peculi> to ,engl&2 respects 9 :i* at lea/ our c\ntry is n unfav\rable to art4 ,ev5 n[ x is urg$ by "s to ! disp>agem5t ( ! ,briti% s*ool1 t x excels 9 col\r+2 z if ?is 7 incompatible ) any o!r excell5ce1 or z if nature1 ! great prototype ( art1 ev] disp5s$ ) x4 ,! graphic bran*es ( pa9t+1 owe ev]y?+ to col\r1 :i*1 if x does n con/itute a picture1 is its fle% & blood4 ,)\t x1 ! f9e/ p]=mances rema9 lifeless skeletons1 & yield no pleasure4 ,pa9t+ is ! art ( repres5t+ visible ?+s by light1 %ade1 =m1 & col\r2 b ( ^!1 col\r--& col\r alone--is ! imm$iate object :i* attracts ! eye4 ,col\r+ is1 !re=e1 ! fir/ requisite--! "o ?+ imp>t+ w>m? & life--! *ief quality engag+ att5tion2 9 %ort1 ! be/ introduction to a picture1 & t :i* cont9ues to give x value s long z x is reg>d$4 ,x is a p[]1 too1 :i* is ) ! mo/ difficulty reta9$1 be+ ! fir/ to leave ! arti/ himself1 & ! fir/ to quit a s*ool on its decl9e4 ,graphic art )\t col\r+1 is z food )\t flav\r2 & x 0 ! defici5cy ( col\r+ 9 ! great works ( ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e s*ools t caus$ ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds to confess a c]ta9 want ( attraction 9 !m4 ,to reli% & e/imate truly _! greatness1 requir$1 he said1 a =c$ & (t5-repeat$ att5tion1 & x 0 only ^? p]sons incapable ( appreciat+ su* div9e p]=mances1 :o made pret5sions to in/antane\s raptures on fir/ behold+ !m4 ,ga9sbor\gh also1 ) a c&\r simil> to t ( ,reynolds1 ^u view+ ! c>toons at ,hampton ,c\rt1 ackn[l$g$ t _! beauty 0 ( a class he c\ld nei!r appreciate nor enjoy4 ,col\r+1 !n1 is a necessity2 b !re is 9 x a vici\s extreme2 t 9 :i* x is r5d]$ s pr9cipal z1 by want ( subord9ation1 to ov]lay ! subject4 ,!re is also a negative excell5ce :i* consi/s 9 n always employ+ pleas+ t9ts1 b ( sometimes tak+ advantage ( ! effects to be d]iv$ f impure hues1 z ,p\ss9 did 9 8 ,deluge4 ,9 ?is "w1 nei!r black nor :ite1 blue1 r$1 nor yell[ appe>s2 ! :ole mass be+1 ) little v>iation1 ( a sombre grey1 ! true resemblance ( a d>k & humid atmosph]e1 by :i* e object is r5d]$ indi/9ct & almo/ col\rless4 ,?is abs5ce ( col\r1 h[ev]1 is a m]it1 & n a fault4 ,v&yke employ$ su* means ) admirable effect 9 ! backgr\nd ( a ,crucifixion1 & 9 8 ,pieta2 & ! ,phaton ( ,giulio ,romano is celebrat$ = a suffusion ( smo!r$ r$1 :i* p[]fully excites ! idea ( a _w on fire4 ,( ! rank & value ( ?is dep>tm5t ( pa9t+1 !re w be1 z !re has be51 diff]5ce ( judgm5t & op9ion1 z !re is v>iety 9 ! p[]s ( ! eye & und]/&+4 ,b take f ,rub5s1 ,rembr&t1 ,titian1 & o!r di/+ui%$ ma/]s1 ! e/imation ( _! col\r+1 & we fe> all t is left to !m w\ld h>dly pres]ve _! names f oblivion4 ,art _c1 inde$1 atta9 its appropriate end1 t ( pleas+1 )\t excell5ce 9 col\r+4 ,x is col\r :i* ! true arti/ mo/ loves1 & x is col\r+ 9 all its complex & high relations1 t he ev] seeks to atta94 ,look+ above1 & ar\nd1 & b5ea? him1 ) ! intellig5t eye ( ! col\ri/1 he f9ds a b\ndless s\rce ( nev]-ceas+ enjoym5t4 ,) h>monies & accordances lo/ to ! untutor$ gaze1 col\r meets him 9 e /one he treads on--9 ! m9]al1 vegetable1 & animal creation--9 ! heav5s1 sea1 & e>?4 ,= him1 9 tru?1 col\r is z equally diffus$ z light1 spread+ itself ov] ! entire face ( nature1 & clo?+ ! :ole _w ) beauty4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,relations ,,& ,,h>mony ,,( ,,col\r4 ,assur$ z we mu/ be ( ! importance ( col\r+ z a bran* ( art1 col\rs 9 all _! be>+s become int]e/+ to ! arti/1 & on _! use & arrangem5t 8 reputation z a col\ri/ mu/ dep5d4 ,col\r1 rem>ks ,rusk91 is :olly relative2 ea* hue ?r\gh\t a "w is alt]$ by e t\* add$ 9 o!r places4 ,?us1 to place :ite beside a col\r is to height5 its tone2 to set black beside a col\r is to weak5 its tone2 :ile to put grey beside a col\r1 is to r5d] x m brilliant4 ,if a d>k col\r be plac$ ne> a diff]5t1 b light] col\r1 ! tone ( ! fir/ is height5$1 :ile t ( ! second is l[]$4 ,an important consequ5ce ( ?is pr9ciple is1 t ! fir/ effect may neutralize ! second1 or ev5 de/roy x altoge!r4 ,:at 0 cold be=e1 becomes w>m :5 a cold] col\r is set ne> x1 & :at 0 9 h>mony be=e1 becomes discordant z o!r col\rs are put beside x4 ,= example1 to place a light blue beside a yell[1 t+es x orange1 & consequ5tly height5s its tone4 ,aga91 !re are "s blues s d>k relatively to ! yell[ t !y weak5 x1 & n only hide ! orange t9t1 b ev5 cause s5sitive eyes to feel t ! yell[ is r gre5 ?an orange--a v natural result :5 x is consid]$ t ! pal] ! yell[ becomes1 ! m x t5ds to appe> gre54 ,we le>n f ^! relations ( col\rs1 :y dappl+s ( two or m produce effects 9 pa9t+ s mu* m cle> & brilliant ?an uni=m t9ts obta9$ by comp\nd+ ! same col\rs3 & :y hat*+s1 or a t\* ( _! contra/s1 ?r[n z x 7 by accid5t ^u local t9ts1 h ! same effect4 ,we see1 too1 :y col\rs mix$ det]iorate ea* o!r1 :i* !y d m--9 _m cases--by imp]fectly neutraliz+ or subdu+ ea* o!r *romatically1 ?an by any *emical action4 ,f9ally1 we are impress$ ) ! necessity1 n only ( us+ col\rs pure1 b ( us+ pure col\rs2 al?\gh pure col\r+ & brilliancy diff] z mu* f crud5ess & h>%ness1 z tone & h>mony f murk9ess & monotony4 ,! p[]s ( col\rs 9 contra/+ ea* o!r agree ) _! correlative p[]s ( light & %ade1 & are to be di/+ui%$ f _! p[]s individually on ! eye1 :i* are ^? ( light alone4 ,?us1 al?\gh orange & blue are equal p[]s ) respect to ea* o!r1 z reg>ds ! eye !y are totally diff]5t & oppos$4 ,orange is a lum9\s col\r1 & has a p[]fully irritat+ effect1 :ile blue is a %ad[y col\r1 possess+ a soo?+ quality--& x is ! same1 9 v>i\s degrees1 ) o!r col\rs4 ,!re are yet fur!r modes ( contra/ or antagonism 9 col\r+1 :i* claim ! att5tion & engage ! skill ( ! col\ri/4 ,( ! contra/ ( hues1 ^u :i* dep5d ! brilliancy1 =ce1 & h>mony ( col\r+1 we h j spok52 b !re is1 secondly1 ! contra/ ( %ades4 ,to ?is belong all ! p[]s ( *i>oscuro1 by :i* t]m ! pa9t] d5otes ! h>moni\s effects ( light & %ade2 & ?\gh !y =m ! simple/ "p ( col\r+1 yet !y _c be sep>at$ f x--light & %ade1 ! *i>oscuro1 be+ a di/9ct & important bran* ( pa9t+4 ,a ?ird mode ( contra/ 9 col\r+ is t ( w>m? & coolness1 ^u :i* dep5d ! ton+ & g5]al effect ( a picture4 ,f\r?ly1 !re is ! contra/ ( col\r & neutrality1 ! *romatic & a*romatic1 or hue & %ade4 ,by ! "r managem5t ( ?is1 local col\rs acquire value1 gradation1 keep+1 & connection3 :5ce come bread?1 arial p]spective1 & ! due di/ribution ( greys & %ad[s 9 a picture4 ,?is pr9ciple ( contra/ applies ev5 to individual col\rs1 & conduces greatly to good col\r+4 ,x may be c>ri$ ) advantage into ! v>iety ( hue & t9t 9 ! same col\r1 n only z reg>ds light & %ade1 b likewise ) respect to w>m? & coolness1 z well z to col\r & neutrality4 ,h5ce ! judici\s l&scape-pa9t] kn[s h[ to avail himself ( w>m? & coolness 9 ! juxtaposition ( 8 gre5s1 9 addition to _! lightness & d>kness1 or brilliancy & brok5ness1 9 produc+ ! mo/ beautiful & v>i$ effects2 effects :i* spr+ 9 o!r cases f a l managem5t ( blue1 :ite1 c4 ,^! p[]s ( a col\r ^u itself are highly important to ! arti/1 & lead to t gratification f f9e col\r+1 :i* a good eye ev] enjoys4 ,9 l&scape we see nature employ+ brok5 col\rs 9 h>moni\s consonance & v>iety1 :ile1 equally true to picturesque relations1 %e uses also brok5 =ms & figures1 9 conjo9t h>mony ) col\rs2 occasionally ?r[+ into ! composition a regul> =m1 or a prim>y col\r1 = ! sake ( animation & contra/4 ,& if we inspect h] works m closely1 we %all f9d t !y h no uni=m t9ts4 ,:e!r 9 ! animal1 vegetable or m9]al creation--fle% or foliage1 e>? or sky1 fl[] or /one--h[ev] uni=m ! col\r may appe> at a di/ance1 x w1 :5 exam9$ ne>ly1 be f\nd to consi/ ( a v>iety ( hues & %ades1 comp\nd$ ) h>mony & intellig5ce4 ,x is = ?is reason t no two col\rs are ev] f\nd discordant 9 nature1 h[ev] mu* s !y may be 9 art4 ,blue & gre5 h be5 t]m$ discordant1 & 9 pa9t+ !y may und\bt$ly be made s4 ,yet ^? are two col\rs :i* nature seems to int5d nev] to be sep>at$1 & nev] to be felt1 ei!r ( !m1 9 its full beauty1 )\t ! o!r--a blue sky ?r\gh gre5 leaves1 or a blue wave ) gre5 lights ?r\gh x1 be+ precisely ! lovelie/ ?+s1 next to cl\ds at sunrise1 9 ?is col\r$ _w ( ours4 ,a good eye = col\r w soon discov] h[ con/antly nature puts gre5 & purple toge!r1 purple & sc>let1 gre5 & blue1 yell[ & neutral grey1 & ! l2 & h[ %e /rikes ^! col\r-concords = g5]al tones1 be=e work+ into !m ) innum]able subord9ate ones4 ,^u ! m intimate union1 or ! bl5d+ & gradi5ce ( contra/s f "o to ano!r mutually1 dep5d "s ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ effects ( col\r+4 ,! practical pr9ciple employ$ 9 produc+ !m is important1 & consi/s 9 ! bl5d+ & gradat+ by mixture1 :ile we avoid ! comp\nd+ ( contra/+ col\rs4 ,t is1 ! col\rs mu/ be kept di/9ct 9 ! act ( bl5d+ !m1 or o!rwise !y w run into dusky neutrality & defile ea* o!r4 ,?is is ! case 9 bl5d+ & gradat+ f gre5 to r$1 or f hue to hue--f blue to orange1 or to & f coldness & w>m?--f yell[ to purple1 or to & f advanc+ & retir+ col\rs4 ,x is ! same 9 light & %ade1 or :ite & black1 :i* mix ) cle>ness4 ,n[1 !re are only two ways 9 :i* ?is di/9ctness 9 union ( contra/s c be effect$ 9 practice3 ! "o is by hat*+ or break+ !m toge!r 9 mixture1 )\t comp\nd+ !m uni=mly2 & ! o!r is by glaz+1 9 :i* ! col\rs unite & p5etrate mutually1 )\t monoton\s composition4 ,! =m] process may be said to be ! c>ry+ out ( ! pr9ciple ( sep>ate col\rs to ! utmo/ possible ref9em5t1 by us+ atoms ( col\r 9 juxtaposition1 in/ead ( 9 l>ge spaces4 ,& x is to be not$1 9 fill+ up m9ute int]/ices ( ?is k9d1 t if ! col\r ) :i* !y are fill$ be want$ to %[ brightly1 a r positive po9t ( x _h bett] be put1 ) a little :ite left beside or r\nd x 9 ! int]/ice4 ,?is plan is pref]able to lay+ a pale t9t ( ! col\r ov] ! :ole int]/ice4 ,yell[ or orange1 = in/ance1 w h>dly %[1 if pale1 9 small spaces2 b !y %[ brightly 9 free t\*es1 h[ev] small1 ) :ite beside !m4 ,! latt] mode is f\nd$ on ! fact1 t if a d>k col\r be laid fir/1 & a little blue or :ite body-col\r /ruck lightly ov] x1 a m beautiful gray w be obta9$ ?an by mix+ ! col\r & ! blue or :ite4 ,simil>ly1 if ov] a solid & p]fectly dry t\* ( v]milion !re be quickly wa%$ a little v wet c>m9e1 a mu* m brilliant r$ w be produc$ ?an by mix+ ! two col\rs4 ,transp>5cy & opacity con/itute ano!r contra/ ( col\r+1 ! =m] ( :i* belongs to %ade & blackness1 ! latt] to light & :it5ess4 ,ev5 contra/ has its contra/1 = gradations or int]m$ia are oppos$ to contra/s or extremes2 &1 ^u ! "r managem5t ( contra/s & gradations dep5d ! h>mony & melody1 ! tone1 effect1 & g5]al expression ( a picture4 ,?us1 pa9t+ is an affair ( judici\s contra/+ s f> z reg>ds col\r1 if ev5 x be n su* altoge!r4 ,col\r1 x has already be5 obs]v$1 is :olly relative4 ,9 contra/+1 !re=e1 any col\r1 if we wi% x to h light or brilliancy1 we ca/ its opposite into ! %ade2 if we w\ld h x w>m1 we cool its antagoni/2 & if transp>5t1 we oppose x by an opaque contr>y1 & vice v]s3 inde$1 9 practice1 all ^! mu/ be 9 "s measure comb9$4 ,su* are "s ( ! p[]s ( contra/ 9 col\r+ alone1 & su* is ! div]sity ( art ^u :i* skill 9 col\r+ dep5ds4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t contra/s or extremes1 :e!r ( light & %ade1 or ( col\rs1 become viol5t & (f5sive :5 !y are n reconcil$ by ! int]position ( _! m$ia1 or int]m$iates1 :i* p>take ( bo? extremes ( ! contra/s4 ,?us blue & orange 9 contra/ become reconcil$1 s(t5$ 9 effect1 & h>moniz$1 :5 a brok5 col\r compos$ ( ! two int]v5es4 ,! same may be said ( o!r col\rs1 %ades1 & contra/s4 ,see+ t ! managem5t & ma/]y ( col\rs are to a great ext5t dep5d5t on ! same pr9ciples z light & %ade1 x might become a po9t ( good discipl9e1 aft] acquir+ ! use ( black & :ite 9 ! *i>oscuro1 to pa9t designs 9 contra/2 t is1 ) two contra/+ col\rs only1 9 conjunction ) black & :ite--= example1 ) blue & orange1 be=e attempt+ ! :ole4 ,inde$1 black c be disp5s$ ) 9 ^! cases1 because x may be comp\nd$1 s9ce ! neutral grey & ?ird col\rs always arise f ! comp\nd+ ( contra/+ col\rs4 ,9 ?is way1 ev5 fle% may be pa9t$--= in/ance1 ) r$ & gre5 alone1 z ,ga9sbor\gh is said at "o p]iod to h done4 ,"s arti/s h produc$ pictures 9 ! above hot & cold col\rs only2 :i*1 al?\gh captivat+ to ! eye1 & true 9 !ory ) respect to col\r1 light & %ade1 are g5]ally false 9 practice ) reg>d to nature1 :i* r>ely employs su* extreme accordances4 ,col\r+ l ?is1 !re=e1 is m beautiful ?an true4 ,x is z ?\gh a pa9t] 7 to execute a l&scape 9 ! full light ( day1 z he saw x look+ ?r\gh a prism1 s t e object gl[$ ) ra9b[ hues4 ,su* a picture w\ld pres5t a beautiful fairy sc5e1 & be true z reg>ds col\rs1 b z respects nature1 x w\ld be false4 ,col\r1 & :at 9 pa9t+ is call$ transp>5cy1 belong *iefly to %ade4 ,x has be5 a common error to ascribe ^? prop]ties to light only1 & h5ce _m h employ$ a uni=m %ade t9t1 reg>d+ %ad[s z simply d>kness1 blackness1 or ! m]e abs5ce ( light2 :51 9 tru?1 %ad[s are inf9itely v>i$ by col\r1 & always s by ! col\rs ( ! lights :i* produce !m4 ,b :ile we incl9e att5tion t[>d ! relation ( col\r to %ade1 bo? light & %ade be+ /rictly co-ess5tial to col\r1 a vici\s extreme mu/ be avoid$4 ,= al?\gh1 z transp>5t1 col\r incl9es to %ade1 &1 z opaque1 x p>takes ( light2 yet ! g5]al t5d5cy ( col\r is to transp>5cy & %ade1 all col\r be+ a dep>ture f light4 ,h5ce x becomes a maxim1 :i* he :o aspires to good col\r+ mu/ nev] lose sight (1 t ! col\r ( %ad[ is always transp>5t1 & only t ( extreme light objects opaque4 ,x foll[s1 t :ite is to be kept z mu* z possible out ( %ad[1 & black1 = ! same reason1 out ( col\r4 ,9 _! /ead1 :5ev] x is necess>y to cov]1 opaque t9ts may be employ$1 glaz$ ov] ) transp>5t col\rs4 ,su* practice w\ld also be m fav\rable to durability ( ! tones ( pictures1 ?an ! %ades & t9ts produc$ ) black & :ite4 ,! hues & %ad[s ( nature are 9 no ord9>y case ei!r black or :ite1 :i*1 except z local col\rs1 are always poor & frigid4 ,! p]fection ( col\r+ is to comb9e h>mony ) brilliancy1 unity ) v>iety1 & fre%ness ) =ce1 )\t violat+ ! laws ( nature4 ,) reg>d to ! p]spective ( col\rs1 or ! mann] 9 :i* !y affect ! eye1 accord+ to position & di/ance1 x is a bran* ( arial p]spective or ! p]spective ( light & %ade4 ,?is is di/+ui%$ f l9e> p]spective1 or ! p]spective ( draw+1 z draw+ is f col\r+2 & !y h progress$ alike 9 ! art4 ,! mo/ anci5t pa9t]s seem to h kn[n little ( ei!r2 & l9e> p]spective 0 e/abli%$ z sci5ce be=e ! arial1 z draw+ & composition prec$$ col\r+4 ,! p]spective ( col\rs dep5ds ^u _! p[]s to reflect ! elem5ts ( light1 p[]s :i* are by no means uni=m4 ,accord+ly1 blue is lo/ 9 ! di/ance be=e r$1 & yell[ is se5 at a po9t at :i* r$ w\ld disappe>2 yet blue pres]ves its hue bett] ?an yell[1 because col\rs are cool$ 9 ! di/ance4 ,9 ?is respect1 ! comp\nd col\rs p>take ( ! p[]s ( _! compon5ts1 9 ob$i5ce to a g5]al rule1 by :i* local col\rs closely connect$ ) black are fir/ lo/ 9 ! di/ance1 & ^? ne>ly relat$ to :ite disappe> la/4 ,! same may be said ( local light & %ade1 ! latt] ( :i* is totally lo/ at great di/ances2 & x is = ?is reason ! %ad[$ side ( ! moon is n g5]ally se54 ,^! p[]s ( col\rs are1 h[ev]1 v>i$ by mi/1 air1 altitude1 & mixture1 :i* produce evanesc5ce2 & by contra/1 :i* pres]ves ! =ce ( col\rs by di/+ui%+ !m4 ,col\rs d n decl9e 9 =ce s mu* by height z by horizontal di/ance1 because ! upp] atmosph]e is less d5se & cl\d$ ) vap\r3 & h5ce x is t m\nta9s ( great elevation appe> mu* ne>] ?an !y really are4 ,f all ^! circum/ances1 x is evid5t t a simple scumbl+ or uni=m degradation ( local col\rs w n effect a true p]spective--= ?is w be ! arial ( light & %ade only--b su* a subord9ation ( hues & t9ts1 z ! v>i\s p[]s ( col\rs require1 & z is always obs]vable 9 nature4 ,9 furni%+ or sett+ ! palette philosophically & ^u pr9ciple1 x is necess>y to supply x ) pure blue1 r$1 & yell[2 to oppose to ^! an orange1 ( a hue t w neutralise ! blue--gre51 ( a hue t w neutralise ! r$--& purple1 ( a hue t w neutralise ! yell[2 & s on to black & :ite1 :i* w neutralise ea* o!r4 ,z 9 nature1 ! g5]al col\r ( ! sky is blue1 & ! col\r ( light is always opposite to t ( ! sky & %ade1 s ! :ite :i* is to repres5t light %\ld be t+$ ) ! orange ( ! palette suffici5tly to neutralise ! pr$om9ant coldness ( black4 ,pure neutral :ite may ?us be res]v$ z a local col\r1 :i* is a te*nical t]m = ! natural col\r ( an object1 unv>i$ by di/ance1 reflection1 or any?+ int]f]+ ) di/9ct vision2 al?\gh1 prop]ly speak+1 local col\rs are subject to all ! relations & effects ( ! places !y occupy 9 a composition--:e!r ( light1 %ade1 reflection1 or di/ance4 ,f :at we h said1 x w be se5 t ! relations & h>mony ( col\rs =m a complex subject1 requir+ con/ant & c>eful /udy2 "o1 inde$1 into :i* he :o w\ld become a col\ri/ mu/ ent] he>t & s\l4 ,= z col\r+ is ! beg9n+ & end ( a pa9t]'s craft1 s col\r 9 all its aspects mu/ be ! *ief lesson ( 8 life4 ,& ?is lesson c only be le>nt1 by ev] wat*+ ) a lov+ eye ^? wondr\s col\r+s ( nature1 9 :i* !re is no?+ inh>moni\s or out ( place4 ,,"p ,,ii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pigm5ts ,,g5]ally4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,on ,,classes ,,( ,,col\rs4 ,by mix+ 8 col\rs ) :ite1 ! arti/ obta9s 8 t9ts4 ,by mix+ col\rs ) col\rs1 he produces comp\nd col\rs1 or hues4 ,& by mix+ col\rs or t9ts ) black1 he gets %ades4 ,x is a common error to conf\nd ^! di/9ctions4 ,! above classification ( col\rs enables u to und]/& ! simplicity ( relation :i* exi/s among an inf9ity ( t9ts1 hues1 & %ades ( col\r4 ,also1 x is calculat$ to give precision to language respect+ col\rs1 ! nom5clature ( :i* has too (t5 be5 vague & unc]ta94 ,!re are five classes ( col\rs1 viz43--! ,neutral1 ! ,prim>y1 ! ,second>y1 ! ,t]ti>y1 & ! ,semi-neutral4 ,neutral ,col\rs are ?ree only1 :ite1 black1 & grey4 ,accord+ to ! laws ( ,optics1 ! two fir/ comprise all o!r col\rs syn!tically1 & af=d !m all by analysis4 ,^! are sometimes call$ extreme col\rs1 grey be+ _! int]m$iate4 ,prim>y ,col\rs are ?ree only1 yell[1 r$1 & blue4 ,!y are su* z yield o!rs by be+ comp\nd$1 b are n !mselves capable ( be+ produc$ by composition ( o!r col\rs4 ,by way ( di/9ction1 !y are occasionally designat$ entire col\rs4 ,second>y ,col\rs1 are ?ree only1 orange1 gre51 & purple4 ,ea* ( ^! is compos$ (1 or c be resolv$ into1 two prim>ies4 ,?us1 orange is compos$ ( r$ & yell[2 gre51 ( yell[ & blue2 & purple1 ( blue & r$4 ,t]ti>y ,col\rs are ?ree only1 citr9e1 russet1 & olive4 ,ea* ( ^! is compos$ (1 or c be resolv$ into1 ei!r two second>y col\rs1 or ! ?ree prim>ies4 ,?us1 citr9e consi/s ( gre5 & orange1 or ( a pr$om9ant yell[ ) blue & r$2 russet is comp\nd$ ( orange & purple1 or ( a pr$om9ant r$ ) blue & yell[2 & olive is compos$ ( purple & gre51 or ( a pr$om9ant blue ) yell[ & r$4 ,! la/ ?ree g5]a ( col\rs compreh5d 9 an ord]ly gradation all ^? :i* are positive or def9ite2 & ! ?ree col\rs ( ea* g5us1 unit$ or comp\nd$ 9 su* subord9ation t nei!r ( !m pr$om9ates to ! eye1 con/itute ! negative or neutral col\rs1 ( :i* black & :ite h be5 /at$ to be ! oppos$ extremes1 & greys _! int]m$iates4 ,?us black & :ite are con/itut$ (1 & comprise lat5tly1 ! pr9ciples ( all col\rs1 & accompany !m 9 _! dep? & brilliancy z %ade & light4 ,semi-neutral ,col\rs belong to a class ( :i* br[n1 m>rone1 & gray may be consid]$ types4 ,!y are s call$1 because !y compreh5d all ! comb9ations ( ! prim>y1 second>y1 & t]ti>y col\rs1 ) ! neutral black4 ,( ! v>i\s comb9ations ( black1 ^? 9 :i* yell[1 orange1 or citr9e pr$om9ates1 h obta9$ ! "n ( br[n1 c4 ,a second class 9 :i* ! comp\nds ( black are ( a pr$om9ant r$1 purple1 or russet hue1 comprises m>rone1 *ocolate1 c4 ,& a ?ird class1 9 :i* ! comb9ations ( black h a pr$om9at+ hue ( blue1 gre51 or olive1 includes gray1 slate1 c4 ,:ile treat+ ( ! classes ( col\rs1 x may n be out ( place to note "h ! diff]5ce betwe5 gray z spelt ) an a1 & grey z spelt ) an e1 ! two names be+ occasionally conf\nd$4 ,gray is semi-neutral1 & d5otes a class ( cool c9]e\s col\rs1 fa9t ( hue2 :5ce we h blue grays1 olive grays1 gre5 grays1 purple grays1 & grays ( all hues 9 :i* blue pr$om9ates2 b no yell[ or r$ grays1 ! pr$om9ance ( su* hues c>ry+ ! comp\nds into ! classes ( br[n & m>rone1 ( :i* gray is ! natural opposite4 ,grey is neutral1 & is compos$ ( or c be resolv$ into black & :ite alone1 f a mixture ( :i* two col\rs x spr+s 9 an inf9ite s]ies4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ea* col\r may compreh5d an indef9ite s]ies ( %ades betwe5 ! extremes ( light & d>k1 z ea* comp\nd col\r also may comprise a simil> s]ies ( hues betwe5 ! extremes ( ! col\rs compos+ x4 ,& z ! relations ( col\rs h be5 d$uc$ regul>ly1 f :ite or light to black or %ade2 s ! same may be done1 inv]sely1 f black to :ite4 ,on ?is plan ! t]ti>ies1 olive1 russet1 & citr9e1 take ! place ( ! prim>ies1 blue1 r$1 & yell[2 :ile ! second>ies /ill reta9 _! int]m$iate /ation & relation to bo?4 ,?us1 russet & olive compose or unite 9 d>k purple2 citr9e & olive 9 d>k gre52 russet & citr9e 9 d>k orange4 ,! t]ti>ies h1 !re=e1 ! same ord] ( relation to black t ! prim>ies h to :ite2 & we h black prim>ies1 second>ies1 & t]ti>ies1 inv]sely1 z we h :ite prim>ies1 second>ies1 & t]ti>ies1 directly4 ,9 o!r words1 we h light & d>k col\rs 9 all classes4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,on ,,! ,,durability ,,& ,,evanesc5ce ,,( ,,pigm5ts4 ,pigm5ts may be def9$ z col\rs 9 a solid or insoluble /ate1 prep>$ = ! arti/s' use4 ,hi!rto1 we h treat$ ( col\rs 9 ! ab/ract s5se1 z appeal+ to ! eye only3 we h n[ to consid] !m z mat]ial bodies4 ,z col\r itself is relative1 s is durability ( col\r relative4 ,= ! reason t all mat]ial sub/ances are *angeable & 9 p]petual action & reaction1 no pigm5t is s p]man5t z t no?+ w alt] its col\r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 none is s fugitive z n to la/ "u "s fav\r+ circum/ances4 ,"t1 ( long or %ort cont9uance1 has (t5 ! effect ( fire1 m or less int5se4 ,inde$1 x is "s sort ( crit]ion ( ! /ability & *anges ( col\r 9 pigm5ts1 t "t & fire are apt to produce simil> effects !reon4 ,?us1 if fire deep51 or cool1 or w>m a col\r1 s may "t2 if x v>y its hues1 s may "t2 if x de/roy a col\r altoge!r1 s may "t ultimately4 ,! p[] ( "t1 h[ev]1 v>ies extremely ) reg>d to ! p]iod 9 :i* x produces ^? effects1 t are in/antly accompli%$ by fire4 ,t !re is no absolute b only relative durability ( col\r may be prov$ f ! mo/ celebrat$ pigm5ts4 ,= in/ance1 ! col\r ( native ultram>9e1 :i* w endure a hundr$ c5turies "u ord9>y circum/ances1 may be at once de/roy$ by a drop ( lemon juice2 & ! g5]ally fugitive & *angeable c>m9e ( co*9eal w1 :5 seclud$ f light & air1 cont9ue fifty ye>s or m2 :ile fire or "t1 :i* m]ely deep5 ! =m] col\r1 w completely dissipate ! latt]4 ,aga91 !re h be5 works ( art 9 :i* ! :ite ( lead has reta9$ its fre%ness = ages 9 a pure atmosph]e1 b has be5 *ang$ to blackness aft] a few days' or ev5 h\rs' exposure to f\l air4 ,^! & o!r peculi>ities ( col\rs w be notic$1 :5 we come to speak ( pigm5ts individually2 n = ! purpose ( de/roy+ ! arti/'s confid5ce1 b z a caution1 & a guide to ! avail+ himself ( _! p[]s prop]ly4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ! la/+ "u ! usual conditions ( pa9t+1 & ! common circum/ances to :i* works ( art are expos$1 t entitles a col\r to ! "* ( p]man5cy2 & x is ! n-s-endur+ :i* atta*es to x rightly ! opposite "* ( evanesc5ce3 :ile a pigm5t may obta9 a false repute = ei!r1 by accid5tal pres]vation or de/ruction "u unusually fav\rable or fatal circum/ances4 ,_m h imag9$ t col\rs vitrifi$ by int5se heat are consequ5tly durable :5 levigat$ = pa9t+ 9 oil or wat]4 ,_h ?is be5 ! case1 ! arti/ ne$ n h look$ f>!r = ! furni%+ ( 8 palette ?an to a supply ( well-burnt & levigat$ enamel pigm5ts4 ,b ?\gh su* col\rs = ! mo/ "p /& well :5 flux$ on glass1 or 9 ! glaz+ ( enamel1 !y are ne>ly1 )\t exception1 subject to ! mo/ s]i\s *anges :5 gr\nd to ! degree ( f95ess necess>y to _! application z pigm5ts1 & become liable to all ! *emical *anges & aff9ities ( ! sub/ances :i* compose !m4 ,^! rem>ks ev5 apply 9 a measure to native products1 su* z col\r$ e>?s & metallic ores4 ,o!rs h n unreasonably suppos$ t :5 pigm5ts are lock$ up 9 v>ni%es & oils1 !y are safe f all possibility ( *ange4 ,! assumption w\ld be m w>rant$ if we _h an imp5etrable v>ni%--& ev5 t w\ld n resi/ ! action ( light1 h[ev] well x might exclude ! influ5ce ( air & moi/ure4 ,b1 9 fact1 v>ni%es & oils !mselves yield to *anges ( temp]ature1 to ! action ( a humid atmosph]e1 & to o!r influ5ces3 _! protection ( col\r f *ange is !re=e f> f p]fect4 ,want ( att5tion to ! unceas+ mutability ( all *emical sub/ances1 z well z to _! reciprocal actions1 has occasion$ ^? *anges ( col\r to be ascrib$ to fugitiv5ess ( ! pigm5t1 :i* belong to ! aff9ities ( o!r sub/ances ) :i* x has be5 improp]ly mix$ & appli$4 ,x is ?us t ! be/ pigm5ts h suff]$ 9 reputation "u ! injudici\s processes ( ! pa9t]2 al?\gh1 ow+ to a desultory practice1 ! effects & results h n be5 uni=m4 ,if a col\r be n extremely p]man5t1 dilution w r5d] x 9 "s measure m weak & fugitive2 & ?is occurs 9 sev]al ways--by a too free use ( ! vehicle2 by complex mixture 9 ! =mation ( t9ts2 by di/ribution1 9 glaz+ or lack]+1 ( col\rs ^u ! lights d[nw>d1 or scumbl+ col\rs ^u ! %ades upw>d2 or by a mix$ mode v common among ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 9 :i* opaque pigm5ts are comb9$1 z umb] & lake4 ,! fugitive col\rs d less injury 9 ! %ad[s ?an 9 ! lights ( a picture1 because !y are employ$ pure1 & 9 great] body 9 %ad[s1 & are !re=e less liable to decay by ! action ( light1 & by mixture4 ,?r\gh p>tially fad+1 moreov]1 !y balance any t5d5cy to d>k51 to :i* ! dead col\r+ ( e>?y & metallic pigm5ts is dispos$4 ,! =ego+ circum/ances1 add$ to ! v>iabl5ess ( pigm5ts by nature1 prep>ation1 & sophi/ication1 h (t5 r5d]$ _! effects equivocal1 & _! p[]s que/ionable4 ,^! consid]ations en=ce ! exp$i5cy ( us+ col\rs z pure & free f unnecess>y mixture z possible2 = simplicity ( composition & managem5t is equally a maxim ( good me*anism1 good *emi/ry1 & good col\r+4 ,accord+ly1 9 respect to ! latt]1 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds rem>ks1 ,two col\rs mix$ toge!r w n pres]ve ! brightness ( ei!r ( !m s+le1 nor w ?ree be z bright z two3 ( ?is obs]vation1 simple z x is1 an arti/ :o wi%es to col\r bright w "k ! value4 ,!re prevail1 not)/&+1 two pr9ciples ( practice on ! palette1 oppos$ to ea* o!r--! "o1 simple2 ! o!r1 multiple4 ,! fir/ is t ( hav+ z few pigm5ts z possible2 & consi/s1 :5 c>ri$ to ! extreme1 9 employ+ ! ?ree prim>y col\rs only4 ,! second is t ( hav+ a numb] ( pigm5ts2 & consi/s1 also :5 c>ri$ to ! extreme1 ( employ+ z _m1 if possible1 z !re are hues & %ades ( col\r4 ,on ! =m] plan1 e t9t requires to be comp\nd$2 on ! latt]1 "o pigm5t supplies ! place ( two or m4 ,n[1 ! m pigm5ts are mix$1 ! m !y are det]iorat$ 9 col\r1 att5uat$1 & *emically set at v>iance4 ,orig9al pigm5ts1 t is1 su* z are n made up ( two or m col\rs1 are pur] 9 hue & g5]ally m durable ?an ^? comp\nd$4 ,h5ce pure int]m$iate t9ts 9 s+le1 p]man5t1 orig9al pigm5ts1 are to be pref]r$ to pigm5ts comp\nd$1 (t5 to ! dilution & injury ( _! col\rs4 ,cadmium ,orange1 = in/ance1 :i* is naturally an orange pigm5t & n compos$ ( r$ & yell[1 is sup]ior to _m mixtures ( ^? col\rs 9 a *emical s5se1 & to all su* mixtures 9 an arti/ic s5se4 ,at ! same "t1 x is q possible = ! arti/ to multiply 8 pigm5ts unnecess>ily4 ,col\rs are sometimes br\ght out "u new names :i* h no claim to be reg>d$ z new col\rs1 be+1 inde$1 m]e mixtures4 ,comp\nd pigm5ts l ^! may mo/ frequ5tly be disp5s$ )1 9 fav\r ( hues & t9ts compos$ extemporane\sly ( orig9al col\rs ^u ! palette4 ,x may be inf]r$ f ! =ego+ t1 betwe5 ! modes ( employ+ z few pigm5ts z possible1 & ( hav+ z _m z !re are hues & %ades ( col\r1 a middle c\rse is ! be/4 ,b1 :atev] ! practice adopt$1 p]man5t orig9al pigm5ts %\ld be us$ z (t5 z ! case w admit2 x be+ borne 9 m9d1 t a pigm5t may be comp\nd1 al?\gh its col\r may be prim>y4 ,z a rule1 ! less col\rs are mix$1 ! pur]1 bright]1 & m la/+ !y w be f\nd4 ,to ! practice ( produc+ t9ts & hues by gr9d+ pigm5ts toge!r1 in/ead ( bl5d+ !m on ! palette1 may be attribut$ "s ( ! peculi>ities ( ! t9ts & textures ( ! ,flemi% s*ool2 !y be+1 p]haps1 results ( intimate comb9ation f gr9d+1 & consequ5tly ( a m p[]ful *emical action among ! +r$i5ts comp\nd$4 ,?is me?od has1 9 a great measure1 fall5 into disuse1 & und\bt$ly x conduc$ to f\lness :5 ! col\rs ( ! pigm5ts gr\nd 7 n pure & true1 & did n assimilate well 9 mixture *emically4 ,! sup]iority ( ,rub5s & ! ,flem+s1 & ( ,titian & ! ,v5etian s*ool1 9 col\r+ & effect1 is due 9 a consid]able degree to _! sket*+ _! designs 9 col\rs exp]im5tally ) a full palette4 ,?is practice1 z d]iv$ f ,reynolds1 is common ) ! be/ ma/]s ( our own s*ool1 :o1 9 execut+ _! works1 resort also to nature1 ) an improv$ k ( col\rs & col\r+4 ,su* att5tion to col\r+ & effect1 f ! fir/ /udy & gr\nd ( a picture to ! f9i%+1 contributes a beauty to ! pa9t+ no sup]9duc$ col\r+ c accompli%4 ,! durability ( col\r 9 sub/ances is to a great ext5t dep5d5t ^u ! condition 9 :i* !y exi/ *emically4 ,if pigm5ts1 = example1 be 9 a /ate :i* *emi/s h t]m$ protoxide1 !y are liable to absorb oxyg5 on exposure to light1 air1 or moi/ure1 & becom+ :at is call$ p]oxidiz$1 may1 by consequ5ce1 *ange or fade4 ,9 l mann]1 lakes & c>m9es ?r[n d[n ^u a base1 may owe "s ( _! fugacity to ! oxidation ( t base1 z well z to ! natural infirmity ( _! col\r+ matt]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 pigm5ts & bases are subject to deoxidation1 or to a loss ( oxyg51 9 :i* case ! col\r is apt to deep54 ,pigm5ts g5]ally are m affect$ by oxidation & fad+ 9 a wat] vehicle1 & by deoxidation & d>k5+ 9 "o ( oil4 ,a pr9cipal te/ ( p]man5cy 9 pigm5ts is ! impunity ) :i* !y be> exposure to light & air1 an arti/ic pro( ( _! /ability ! m]e *emi/ is apt to neglect4 ,provid$ ! col\r rema9 unaffect$ by sulphurett$ hydrog51 c41 he seldom hesitates to pron\nce x safe4 ,b a pigm5t may be fa/ 9 "o s5se & fugitive 9 ano!r1 believ$ 9 by ! laboratory1 & f\nd want+ by ! /udio4 ,x has happ5$ be=e n[ t ! same col\r has be5 dubb$ durable & ! rev]se1 by ! man ( sci5ce & ! man ( art4 ,! =m]1 we take x1 looks ^u a pigm5t z a col\r$ sub/ance ( a c]ta9 composition1 possess+ maybe an acid & a base1 ei!r1 or nei!r1 or bo? ( :i*1 gases & o!r reag5ts may injure or de/roy4 ,! latt] views a col\r *iefly z "p & p>cel ( 8 picture--t picture :i* may meet ) f\l exhalations1 b mu/ be expos$ to light & air4 ,& he too (t5 ?9ks z little ( ! effects ( an impure atmosph]e or injudici\s admixture1 z ! *emi/ consid]s ! action ( air & light4 ,) ! exception ( madd]1 ^? col\rs mo/ly affect$ by light & air are ( organic orig91 su* z gall/one1 ,indian yell[1 & ! yell[ dye-wood lakes2 ! r$ & purple lakes ( co*9eal2 indigo2 & sap gre54 ,to ^! may be add$ ! semi-organic ,prussian blue2 & ! inorganic yell[s & orange ( ars5ic4 ,! pigm5ts liable to injury f sulphurett$ hydrog51 c41 are notably ^? obta9$ f lead & copp]2 & t trea*]\s comp\nd ( iod9e & m]cury1 kn[n z pure sc>let4 ,_m col\rs are apt to *ange f ! action ( :ite lead & o!r lead pigm5ts1 c41 pr9cipally ^? :i* are alt]$ by light & air4 ,_m1 too1 _c safely come into contact ) iron1 or f]rug9\s pigm5ts2 especially ! yell[s ( ars5ic1 ! lakes ( co*9eal1 & ! blues & gre5s ( copp]4 ,) ^! an iron palette knife is be/ avoid$1 "o ( ivory or horn be+ us$ in/ead4 ,! latt]1 inde$1 is pref]able 9 all cases1 sev]al pigm5ts be+ slightly affect$ by iron1 cadmium yell[ among ! numb]4 ,num]\s col\rs are likewise injur$ by lime & fire1 & _c !re=e be employ$ 9 fresco1 or enamel pa9t+4 ,( sub/ances :i* may act delet]i\sly on col\rs1 !re rema9 ! vehicles & v>ni%es ) :i* !y are mix$4 ,_m ( ^! h be5 blam$1 & (t5 ) ju/ice1 = _! injuri\s effects on pigm5ts4 ,! reputation ( ! mo/ p]man5t col\r may be ru9$1 if ! vehicle1 c41 employ$ ) x be untru/wor?y4 ,! pres5ce ( lead1 = in/ance1 9 su* mat]ials r5d]s !m liable to be black5$ by f\l air1 & by consequ5ce ! pigm5ts us$ !re)4 ,"t produces 9 _m cases a mell[ & h>moni\s *ange 9 pictures1 b occasionally alt]ations altoge!r unfav\rable4 ,to ensure ! =m] & prev5t ! latt]1 ! att5tion ( ! arti/ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 col\r+ %\ld be to ! employm5t ( su* pigm5ts & col\rs z are prone to adapt !mselves1 9 *ang+1 to ! int5d$ key ( 8 col\r+1 & ! "r effect ( 8 picture4 ,?us1 if he design a cool effect1 ultram>9e has a t5d5cy ?r\gh "t to pr$om9ate & aid ! natural key ( blue4 ,he w1 !re=e1 compromise ! p]man5ce ( ?is effect1 if 9 su* case he employ a decl9+ or *angeable blue1 or if he introduce su* r$s & yell[s z h a t5d5cy to w>m? or fox9ess1 by :i* ! col\r+ ( _m pictures has be5 de/roy$4 ,9 a gl[+ or w>m key1 ! case is 9 "s measure rev]s$--n :olly s1 = x is obs]vable t ^? pictures h be/ pres]v$ _! col\r+ & h>mony 9 :i* ! blue has be5 mo/ la/+1 by ! pigm5t c\nt]act+ ! *ange ( col\r 9 ! vehicle1 & t suffusion ( dusky yell[ :i* "t is wont to be/[ ^u pictures ev5 ( ! be/ complexion4 ,unless introduc$ & gu>ante$ by h\ses ( ackn[l$g$ reputation1 newly discov]$ pigm5ts are to be us$ ) caution4 ,good col\rs h ev] be5 priz$ ) s true an e/imation ( _! value1 t to produce su*1 aft] s _m ages ( rese>* is no ord9>y accompli%m5t4 ,b too _m respl5d5t pigm5ts1 fruits ( ! fecundity ( mod]n *emi/ry1 h be5 f\nd defici5t4 ,! yell[ & orange *romates ( lead1 = in/ance1 )/&+ z !y d ! action ( ! sunbeam1 become by "t1 f\l air1 & ! influ5ce ( o!r pigm5ts1 inf]ior to ! o*res4 ,s ! dazzl+ sc>let ( iod9e & m]cury mu/ yield ! palm ( excell5ce to ! m sob] v]milion1 be+ a *ameleon col\r1 subject to ! mo/ sudd5 & opposite *anges4 ,& ! blues ( cobalt1 z always t5d+ to gre5ness & obscurity1 _c rank beside ultram>9e4 ,we are f> f ass]t+1 h[ev]1 t all mod]n pigm5ts are inf]ior1 or t pigm5ts %\ld be look$ ^u ) suspicion because !y are mod]n4 ,sev]al mo/ valuable col\rs h lately claim$ att5tion1 notably ! p]man5t transp>5t yell[ call$ ,aureol94 ,see+ t1 until its introduction1 a yell[ comb9+ transp>5cy ) a p]fect /ability 0 unkn[n to ! palette1 ! importance ( su* an addition1 s long want$ & wi%$ =1 _c be ov]rat$4 ,equal 9 beauty & durability ) ! prec$+1 b possess+ great] ri*ness & dep?1 & ( a semi-opacity1 ano!r yell[ ( ! highe/ ord] m]its reg>d1 ,ori5t ,yell[1 di/+ui%$ = its lu/r\s gold5 hue1 resembl+ a bright ,indian yell[4 ,dazzl+ 9 brilliancy1 & absolute 9 p]man5cy4 ,cadmium ,r$ next attracts notice4 ,?is new aspirant = arti/ic fame is a mo/ vivid orange-sc>let1 ! latt] col\r pr$om9at+1 ( int5se fire1 b ) no approa* to rankness or h>%ness1 yield+ delicate pale wa%es1 & bl5d+ happily ) :ite 9 ! =mation ( fle% t9ts4 ,) x may be c\pl$ ,cadmium ,orange1 a col\r equally brilliant & /able1 & equally )\t rankness or h>%ness1 b ( a true orange hue1 admirably adapt$ = sunsets & ! l4 ,la/ ( all ! fre% pigm5ts ( ^: ?or\gh durability !re is no d\bt1 comes ! spl5did ,viridian1 a gre5 no?+ b fire w *ange1 & no mixture ( blue & yell[ w af=d4 ,cle>1 bright1 & transp>5t z ! em]ald1 x rivals velvet 9 its s(t gorge\s ri*ness4 ,) ?is & ,aureol9 a s]ies ( beautiful foliage t9ts may be =m$1 sp>kl+ ) sun%9e1 z x 74 ,o!r col\rs !re are :i* h be5 br\ght =w>d )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 n possess+ ! absolute p]man5cy ( ! five =ego+1 b equal1 or sup]ior1 to _m =m]ly us$4 ,x 7 folly1 !re=e1 & a silly cons]vatism on ! "p ( ! arti/ to limit himself to su* pigm5ts only z 7 employ$ by 8 =efa!rs1 especially z _! m]its 7 (t5 m ?an d\btful4 ,new col\rs1 x is true1 h to be le>nt1 = ea* pigm5t has its own peculi> habitudes1 *emical1 physical1 arti/ic2 b if !y be good & durable1 no am\nt ( "t & /udy sp5t ^u !m is ?r[n away4 ,to ?9k less ( ! quality ( "o's mat]ials ?an ( ! effects :i* c be produc$ ) !m is mi/ak5 policy2 & to be cont5t ) t quality :5 bett] c be _h1 %[s no real love ( art1 b r indol5ce & apa?y4 ,p]haps "o reason :y fre%ly introduc$ pigm5ts h n z fair a *ance z !y are entitl$ to1 is due to ! fa%ion :i* prevails ( exclaim+ aga9/ ! fugacity ( mod]n col\rs4 ,if _! detractors w\ld conf9e !mselves to c]ta9 col\rs1 !re c\ld be no d5ial2 b to ass]t1 z is (t5 done1 t ! cause ( mod]n pictures n /&+ is ow+ to mod]n pigm5ts g5]ally1 is unju/4 ,x is n ! mat]ials :i* %\ld be blam$1 b ^? :o use !m4 ,! fact is1 t ! arti/'s k has n increas$ 9 proportion to ! great] v>iety ( col\rs at 8 comm&4 ,9 ! e>ly p]iods ( art1 :5 ! palette 0 *iefly conf9$ to native pigm5ts1 ! pa9t] c\ld n v well g wrong4 ,n[-a-days b too _m1 want+ ! skill ( ! old ma/]s1 seek to make am5ds = x by brilliancy ( col\r+3 ) imp]fect k ( _! mat]ials ! result is obvi\s4 ,! palette1 we admit1 wants we$+2 n only ( ! bad new col\rs1 b ( ! bad old col\rs4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ be a "w ( "t1 & dep5d1 n ^u ! col\rman--= :]e !re is a dem& !re w be a supply--b ^u ! arti/s !mselves4 ,to ?is end an increas$ acqua9tance ) ! prop]ties ( pigm5ts is requir$1 :]eby !y may be able to *oose ! fa/ f ! fugitive4 ,x may be fairly assum$ t ! pa9t] w be assi/$ 9 8 task by ! progress ( *emical sci5ce1 :i* w d\btless add f "t to "t to ! li/ ( /able pigm5ts4 ,we h he>d x rem>k$ t !re are too _m col\rs already--to :i* we reply1 !re are n too _m good col\rs1 & sc>cely c be4 ,! m cr[d$ ! palette is ) reliable pigm5ts1 ! m likely are ! wor?less to be pu%$ f _! places4 ,9 our op9ion1 !re is ample room = fre% col\rs1 provid$ !y be durable2 & we h z little sympa?y ) ! /]eotyp$ cry ( !re be+ too _m1 z ) ! fa%ionable unbelief 9 mod]n pigm5ts4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! arti/ :o seeks = p]man5ce among ! :ites1 r$s1 or blues1 w n be tr\bl$ ) a sup]fluity4 ,c]ta9ly1 too1 col\rs are z good z ev] !y 71 & bett]--bett] made1 bett] gr\nd1 bett] prep>$ = use4 ,b1 fa/ & fugitive1 pigm5ts are m num]\s1 & = t reason ne$ m c>eful selection4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,on ,,! ,,g5]al ,,qualities ,,( ,,pigm5ts4 ,! g5]al attributes ( a p]fect pigm5t are beauty ( col\r1 compreh5d+ pur5ess & ri*ness1 brilliancy & int5sity1 delicacy & dep?1--tru? ( hue--transp>5cy or opacity1 well-work+1 crispness1 sett+ up1 or keep+ its place1 & desiccation1 or dry+ well4 ,to all ( ^! mu/ be sup]add$ durability :5 us$1 a quality to :i* ! heal? & vitality ( a picture belong1 & "o s ess5tial t all o!r prop]ties put toge!r )\t x are ( no e/eem ) ! arti/ :o m]its reputation4 ,we h1 !re=e1 giv5 x a previ\s di/9ct consid]ation4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t no pigm5t possesses all ! =ego+ qualifications 9 p]fection1 "s be+ naturally at v>iance or oppos$2 nor is !re any1 p]haps1 t _c boa/ excell5ce 9 "o or m ( !m4 ,beauty commonly comprises 9 ! same pigm5t delicacy1 purity1 & brilliancy2 or dep?1 ri*ness1 & int5sity4 ,delicacy & dep? 9 ! beauty ( col\rs are at v>iance 9 ! production ( all pigm5ts1 s t p]fect success 9 produc+ ! "o is att5d$ ) m or less ( failure 9 ! o!r1 & :5 !y are unit$--z !y occasionally are--x is ) "s sacrifice ( bo?4 ,h5ce ! judici\s arti/ purveys = 8 palette at lea/ two pigm5ts ( ea* col\r1 "o em95t = delicate beauty1 ! o!r = ri*ness & dep?4 ,tru? ( hue is a relative quality 9 all col\rs1 except ! extreme prim>ies1 9 ! relations ( :i*1 blue1 be+ ( ne>e/ aff9ity to black or %ade1 has prop]ly b "o o!r relation1 9 :i* x incl9es to r$ & becomes purple-blue3 x is1 !re=e1 faulty or false1 :51 t5d+ to yell[1 x becomes ( a gre5 hue4 ,b r$1 :i* is ( equal aff9ity to light & %ade1 has two relations1 by "o ( :i* x v]ges ^u blue & becomes a purple-r$ or crimson2 & by ! o!r x leans to yell[1 & becomes an orange-r$ or sc>let1 nei!r ( :i* is individually false or discordant4 ,yet yell[1 :i* is ( ne>e/ aff9ity to :ite or light1 has /rictly b "o true relation1 by :i* x incl9es to r$1 & becomes a w>m or orange yell[1 = by unit+ ) blue x becomes a defective gre5-yell[4 ,! be/ example ( true yell[ 9 a pigm5t1 t5d+ nei!r to r$ nor blue1 is furni%$ by ,aureol91 allud$ to 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,! second>y & t]ti>y col\rs1 hav+ all duplex relations1 may incl9e )\t default to ei!r ( _! relatives4 ,transp>5cy is an ess5tial prop]ty ( all glaz+ pigm5ts1 & adds greatly to ! value ( d>k or %ad+ col\rs2 inde$ x is ! prime quality ^u :i* dep? & d>kness dep5d1 z :it5ess1 or light1 does ^u opacity or reflect+ p[]4 ,opacity is1 !re=e1 ! antagoni/ ( transp>5cy1 & qualifies pigm5ts to cov] 9 dead-col\r+1 or solid pa9t+1 z well z to comb9e ) transp>5t col\rs 9 =m+ t9ts2 & h5ce x is t semi-transp>5t pigm5ts are suit$ 9 a mean degree bo? = dead col\r+ & = f9i%+4 ,z excell5cies1 !re=e1 transp>5cy & opacity are relative only--! fir/ be+ z indisp5sable to %ade 9 all its gradations1 z ! latt] is to light4 ,) reg>d to transp>5t & opaque col\rs g5]ally1 x is wor?y ( att5tion 9 ! practice ( ! oil-pa9t]1 t ! be/ effects ( ! =m] are produc$ :5 !y are us$ ) a res9\s v>ni%2 z opaque pigm5ts are be/ employ$ 9 oil1 & ! two become unit$ ) be/ effect 9 a mixture ( ^! vehicles4 ,! natural & artificial p[]s1 or dep? & brilliancy1 ( e col\r lie )9 ! extremes ( black & :ite2 h5ce x foll[s t ! mo/ p[]ful effects ( transp>5t col\rs are obta9$ by glaz+ !m ov] black & :ite4 ,z1 h[ev]1 few transp>5t pigm5ts h suffici5t body1 or t++ p[] = ?is1 x is (t5 necess>y to glaze !m ov] t9ts1 or deep opaque col\rs ( ! requir$ hues4 ,!re is a *>m 9 transp>5t col\rs :i* frequ5tly leads to an undue use !re( 9 glaz+2 b glaz+1 scumbl+1 & _! comb9$ process mu/ be employ$ ) discretion1 accord+ to ! objects & effects ( a picture4 ,work+ well is a quality :i* dep5ds pr9cipally ^u f95ess ( texture1 & :at is call$ body 9 col\rs2 yet e pigm5t has its peculi>ities 9 respect to work+ bo? 9 wat] & oil1 & ^! mu/ become matt] ( e arti/'s special exp]i5ce4 ,"s ( ! be/ pigm5ts are mo/ difficult ( managem5t1 :ile "s ineligible col\rs are ri* 9 body & free 9 work+4 ,accid5tal circum/ances1 h[ev]1 may influ5ce all pigm5ts 9 ^! respects1 accord+ to ! pa9t]'s p>ticul> mode ( op]ation1 & 8 vehicle2 ^u ! aff9ities ( col\rs ) :i* dep5d _! g5]al faculties ( work+--su* z keep+ _! place1 crispness or sett+ up1 & dry+ well4 ,^! latt]1 ) o!r prop]ties & accid5ts ( pigm5ts1 w be p>ticul>ly consid]$ 9 treat+ ( _! individual *>act]s2 b x may be rem>k$ t crispness or sett+ up1 z well z keep+ _! place & =m 9 :i* !y are appli$1 are contr>y to ! nature ( _m pigm5ts1 & dep5d 9 pa9t+ ) !m ^u a gelat9\s mixture ( _! vehicle4 ,= example1 ma/ic & o!r res9\s v>ni%es imp>t ?is texture to oils :i* h be5 r5d]$ dry+ by ! acetate1 or sug> ( lead3--simple wat]1 also album51 & animal jelly made ( glue & is+lass1 give ! same quality to oils & col\rs2 & bees-wax has a simil> effect 9 pure oils4 ,:itelac v>ni%1 & o!r _s v>ni%es1 rubb$ into ! col\rs on ! palette likewise enable !m to keep _! place v effectually 9 mo/ in/ances4 ,?is is important1 because glaz+ _c be p]=m$ except ) a vehicle :i* keeps its place1 or ) pigm5ts :i* l5d ?is prop]ty to ! vehicle1 z "s lakes & transp>5t col\rs d4 ,f95ess ( texture is produc$ by extreme gr9d+ & levigation4 ,pigm5ts gr\nd 9 wat] 9 ! /ate ( a ?ick pa/e1 are miscible 9 oil & dry !re9 firmly2 & 9 case ( utility or necessity1 any wat]-col\r 9 cake1 be+ rubb$ (f ?ick 9 wat] may be diffus$ 9 oil1 ! gum act+ z a m$ium ( union betwe5 ! two4 ,?us1 pigm5ts :i* _c o!rwise be employ$ 9 oil1 or v>ni%1 may be =c$ into ! s]vice & add to ! res\rces ( ! oil-pa9t]1 c>e be+ tak5 to use ! palette-knife1 if ( /eel1 ) caution4 ,desiccation or dry+4 ,! well-kn[n additions ( ! acetate1 or sug> ( lead1 li?>ge1 & sulphate ( z9c1 ei!r me*anically gr\nd1 or 9 solution1 = light col\rs2 & japann]'s gold size1 or oils boil$ ^u li?>ge1 = lakes2 or1 9 "s cases1 manganese & v]digris = d>k col\rs1 are resort$ to :5 ! pigm5ts or vehicles are n suffici5tly good dry]s alone4 ,x w\ld be well if lead & copp] c\ld be bani%$ f ! li/ ( siccatives altoge!r3 assur$ly1 no arti/ ) any reg>d = ! p]man5t texture ( 8 "w %\ld employ !m except 9 extreme cases1 & 9 ! smalle/ possible quantity4 ,! be/ ( pigm5ts may be ru9$ by _! injudici\s use1 & obta9 a "* = fugacity :i* !y 9 no way des]ve4 ,x requires att5tion t an excess ( dry] r5d]s oil saponace\s1 is inimical to dry+1 & is o!rwise injuri\s4 ,"s col\rs dry badly f n be+ suffici5tly edulcorat$ or wa%$4 ,sulphate ( z9c1 z a siccative1 is less p[]ful ?an acetate ( lead1 b is f> pref]able 9 a *emical s5se4 ,x is suppos$ errone\sly to set ! col\rs runn+2 :i* is n positively ! case1 ?\gh x w n reta9 ^? dispos$ to move1 because x wants ! prop]ty ! acetate ( lead possesses1 ( gelat9iz+ ! mixture ( oil & v>ni%4 ,^! two dry]s %\ld n be employ$ toge!r1 s9ce !y c\nt]act & decompose ea* o!r1 =m+ two new sub/ances--acetate ( z9c1 :i* is a bad siccative1 & sulphate ( lead1 :i* is insoluble & opaque4 ,! inexp]i5c$ ought "h to be gu>d$ aga9/ ! highly improp] practice ( "s arti/s1 :o /rew _! pictures :ile wet ) acetate ( lead1 or use t sub/ance 9 "s o!r mode1 )\t gr9d+ or solution2 :i*1 ?\gh x may promote pres5t dry+1 w ultimately effloresce on ! surface ( ! "w1 ?r[ (f ! col\r 9 s&y spots1 & expose ! pa9t+s to peculi> risk f ! damag+ influ5ce ( impure air4 ,x is n always t ill dry+ is to be attribut$ to ! pigm5ts or vehicles1 ! /ates ( ! wea!r & atmosph]e h great influ5ce !reon4 ,! direct rays ( ! sun are p[]fully active 9 r5d]+ oils & col\rs siccative1 & 7 probably resort$ to be=e dry]s 7--n always wisely--add$ to oils1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! w>m climate ( ,italy4 ,! gr\nd may also advance or ret>d dry+1 because "s pigm5ts unit$ by mix+ or glaz+1 become ei!r m or less siccative by _! conjunction4 ,_m o!r accid5tal circum/ances may likewise affect dry+2 & among ^! none is to be m gu>d$ aga9/ by ! arti/ ?an ! pres5ce ( soap & alkali1 too (t5 left 9 ! wa%+ ( 8 bru%es1 & :i*1 besides o!r bad results1 decompose & are decompos$ by acetate ( lead & mo/ siccatives4 ,9 su* cases desiccation is ret>d$1 /reaks & pat*es are =m$ on ! pa9t+1 & ! odium ( ill dry+ falls ^u "s unlucky pigm5t4 ,to free bru%es f ?is disadvantage1 !y %\ld be cleans$ ) l9se$ oil & turp5t9e4 ,dry]s %\ld be add$ to col\rs only at ! "t ( us+ !m1 because !y ex]cise _! dry+ prop]ty :ile *emically comb9+ ) ! oils employ$1 dur+ :i* ! latt] become ?ick or fatt54 ,too mu* ( ! siccative w1 z be=e notic$1 (t5 ret>d dry+4 ,! v>i\s aff9ities ( pigm5ts occasion ea* to h its m or less appropriate dry]2 & x w\ld be a matt] ( useful exp]i5ce if ! habits ( e col\r 9 ?is respect 7 asc]ta9$4 ,x is probable t siccatives ( less p[] g5]ally ?an ! comp\nds ( lead & copp] might come into use 9 p>ticul> cases1 su* z ! oxides ( manganese1 to :i* umb] & ! ,cappagh br[ns owe _! dry+ quality4 ,to o!r good attributes ( pigm5ts1 x w\ld be well if we c\ld 9 all cases add ! prop]ty ( be+ innoxi\s4 ,z ?is1 h[ev]1 _c be1 & col\rs are by no means to be sacrific$ on t acc\nt1 cleanl9ess & avoid+ ! habit ( putt+ ! bru% unnecess>ily to ! m\?1 s common 9 wat]-pa9t+1 are suffici5t gu>ds aga9/ any possibly p]nici\s effects f ! use ( any pigm5t4 ,no col\r :i* is n imbib$ by ! /oma* w 9 ! slighte/ degree injure ! heal? ( ! arti/4 ,,"p ,,iii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pigm5ts ,,individually4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,on ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pigm5ts ,,individually4 ,hav+ briefly discuss$ ! relations & attributes ( col\rs & pigm5ts g5]ally1 we come to _! p[]s & prop]ties individually--a subject pregnant ) mat]ials & ( unlimit$ connexions1 e sub/ance 9 nature & art possess+ col\r1 ! fir/ quality ( pigm5ts4 ,) reg>d to col\rs individually1 x is a g5]al law ( _! relations1 confirm$ by nature & ! impressions ( s5se1 t ^? col\rs :i* lie ne>e/ 9 nature to light h _! greate/ beauty 9 _! lighte/ t9ts3 & t ^? :i* t5d simil>ly t[>ds %ade are mo/ beautiful 9 _! greate/ dep? or fulness1 a rule ( c\rse apply+ to black & :ite p>ticul>ly4 ,?us1 ! mo/ beautiful yell[1 l :ite1 is t :i* is lighte/ & mo/ vivid2 blue is mo/ beautiful :5 deep & ri*2 :ile r$ is ( greate/ beauty :5 ( int]m$iate dep?1 or some:at incl9$ to light2 & _! comp\nds p>take ( ^! relations4 ,we speak "h only ( ! individual beauty ( col\rs1 & n ( t relative beauty by :i* e t9t1 hue1 & %ade ( col\r become pleas+1 or o!rwise accord+ to space1 place1 & ref]5ce2 = ?is latt] beauty belongs to ! g5]al nature & h>mony ( col\rs4 ,9 respect to pigm5ts individually1 x may be obs]v$ t--o!r ?+s be+ equal--^? pigm5ts are ! mo/ beautiful :i* possess ! mo/ col\r1 :e!r !y be light or d>k1 opaque or transp>5t1 bright or subdu$4 ,!re are "s :i* exhibit all _! col\r at a glance3 !re are o!rs t ! m !y are look$ into ! m col\r !y are f\nd to h--conta9+1 z !y d1 an am\nt ( lat5t col\r1 n imm$iately app>5t4 ,ap>t f ! beauty :i* a weal? ( col\r imp>ts1 ^? pigm5ts imbu$ ) x are1 z a rule1 ! mo/ p]man5t4 ,& n unnaturally s1 = ! m col\r !re is pres5t1 ! long] x takes to be affect$1 ei!r by exposure or impure air4 ,col\r )9 col\r1 !re=e1 n only l5ds *>m to a pigm5t1 b contributes to its safety4 ,!re is (t5 a vici\s pr$ilection ( "s arti/s 9 fav\r ( a p>ticul> col\r1 f :i* _m ( our be/ col\ri/s h n be5 totally free1 & :i* arises f organic defect1 or m5tal association4 ,su* pr$ilection is greatly to be gu>d$ aga9/ by ! col\ri/1 :o is e way surr\nd$ by dang]s4 ,on ! "o h&1 !re is fe> le/ he fall into :it5ess or *alk9ess2 on ! o!r1 into blackness or gloom3 9 front he may run into fire & fox9ess1 or he may slide backw>d into cold & lead5 dulness3 all ( :i* are extremes he mu/ avoid4 ,!re are also o!r important prejudices to :i* ! eye is liable 9 reg>d to col\rs individually1 t dem& 8 p>ticul> att5tion4 ,^! are occasion$ by ! v>i\s specific p[]s ( s+le col\rs act+ on ! eye accord+ to _! masses & ! activity ( light1 or ! l5g? ( "t !y are view$4 ,by consequ5ce1 vision becomes ov]-/imulat$1 unequally exhau/$1 & endu$1 ev5 be=e x is fatigu$1 ) a spectrum :i* n only cl\ds ! col\r itself1 b gives a false brilliancy by contra/ to surr\nd+ hues1 s z totally or p>tially to ?r[ ! eye (f its balance1 & mislead ! judgm5t4 ,?is d]angem5t ( ! organ may be caus$ by a p[]ful t9t on ! palette1 a mass ( drap]y1 ! col\r ( a wall1 ! light ( a room1 or o!r accid5tal circum/ance2 & ! rem$y is to refre% ! eye ) a new object--( nature1 if possible--or to give x re/4 ,! p[]s ( col\rs 9 ^! respects1 z well z ( pigm5ts individually1 toge!r ) _! reciprocal action & influ5ce *emically1 w be adv]t$ to "u _! di/9ct heads4 ,! att5tion ( ! arti/ to ! individual p[]s ( pigm5ts1 al?\gh x may be ( less conc]n ?an ! att5tion to g5]al effect 9 col\r+1 is by no means less necess>y 9 practice4 ,= he :o w\ld excel 9 col\r+ mu/ /udy x f sev]al po9ts ( view1 9 respect to ! :ole & ! p>ts ( a picture1 z reg>ds m9d & body1 & conc]n+ itself alone4 ,to ?is end1 is ne$$ a k ( 8 pigm5ts individually4 ,if nature has array$ h]self 9 all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[1 %e has n be5 nigg>dly 9 (f]+ man ! mat]ials :]e) to copy !m4 ,! m9]al1 animal1 vegetable k+dom--ea* helps him to realize1 h[ev] fa9tly1 h] _m manifold beauties3 to give "s idea1 h[ev] slight1 ( t glori\s flood ( col\r1 :i* light lets loose ^u ! _w4 ,metal1 ore1 e>?1 /one2 root1 plant1 fl[]1 fruit2 bea/1 fi%1 insect--9 turn aid ! ardu\s task4 ,! pa9t]'s box is a v museum ( curiosities1 f e "p ( ! univ]se4 ,= x1 ! m9es yield _! treasures1 z well z ! dep?s ( ! sea3 to x come ,arab camel1 & ,engli% ox1 cuttle-fi% & crawl+ coccus3 9 x ! ,indian indigo lies next ! madd] ( ,france1 & ! gaudy v]milion ( ,*9a bright5s ! mummy ( ,egypt4 ,v>i$1 inde$1 are ! s\rces :5ce we d]ive our pigm5ts2 & if !y /ill leave mu* to desire1 improvem5t is cle>ly manife/4 ,sl[ly b surely1 ye> by ye>1 we are advanc+4 ,) ! gr[? ( sci5ce1 ! exhau/less /ores ( creation1 w !re at la/ be atta9$--/ep by /ep1 ?\gh x be--t summit ( ! arti/'s hopes1 a p]fect palette8 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,on ,,! ,,neutral1 ,,:ite4 ,! t]m col\r is equivocal :5 appli$ to ! neutrals1 yet ! arti/ is b\nd to consid] !m z col\rs2 = a ?+ _c b be t ( :i* x is compos$1 & neutrals are compos$ (1 or compreh5d1 all col\rs4 ,) reg>d to col\r1 !n1 :ite 9 a p]fect /ate %\ld be neutral 9 hue1 & absolutely opaque2 t :ite be+ ! be/ :i* reflects light mo/ brilliantly4 ,?is prop]ty 9 :ite is call$ body2 by :i* 9 o!r pigm5ts1 especially ^? t are transp>5t1 is meant t+e+ p[]4 ,:ite1 besides its uses z a col\r1 is ! in/rum5t ( light 9 pa9t+1 & comp\nds :5 pure ) all col\rs1 )\t *ang+ _! class4 ,yet x dilutes & cools all col\rs except blue1 :i* is specifically cold2 &1 ?\gh x does n *ange nor defile any col\r1 x is *ang$ & defil$ by all col\rs4 ,?is pur5ess ( :ite1 if x be n 9 "s degree brok5 or t+$1 w ca/ d[n or degrade e o!r col\r 9 a picture1 & itself become h>% & crude4 ,h5ce ! l[ness ( tone :i* has be5 ?\ght a necessity 9 pa9t+1 b is su* only because our o!r col\rs d n approa* to ! purity ( :ite4 ,_h we all necess>y col\rs ?us relatively pure z :ite1 col\r+ 9 pa9t+ might be c>ri$ up to ! full brilliancy ( nature2 &1 9 fact1 m progress has already be5 made 9 t respect1 ?an ! prejudice = dulness is dispos$ to tol]ate4 ,locally1 :ite is ! mo/ advanc+ ( all col\rs 9 a picture1 & produces ! effect ( ?r[+ o!rs back 9 diff]5t degrees1 accord+ to _! specific retir+ & advanc+ p[]s4 ,^! latt]1 h[ev]1 are n absolute qualities ( col\rs1 b dep5d on ! relations ( light & %ade1 :i* are v>i\sly appropriate to all col\rs4 ,h5ce x is t a :ite object rightly adapt$1 appe>s to deta*1 di/ribute1 & put 9 keep+2 z well z to give relief1 decision1 di/9ctness1 & di/ance to e ?+ ar\nd x3 h5ce1 too1 ! use & requirem5t ( a :ite or light object1 9 ea* sep>ate gr\p ( a composition4 ,:ite itself is advanc$ or br\ght =w>d1 unless inde$ :ite surr\nd a d>k object1 9 :i* case !y retire toge!r4 ,9 mixture1 :ite communicates ^! prop]ties to its t9ts1 & h>monizes 9 conjunction )1 or 9 opposition to all col\rs2 b lies ne>e/ 9 s]ies to yell[1 & remote/ f blue1 ( :i*1 next to black1 x is ! mo/ ?or\gh contra/4 ,x is correlative ) black1 :i* is ! opposite extreme ( neutrality4 ,p]fect :ite is opaque1 & p]fect black transp>5t2 h5ce :5 add$ to black 9 m9ute proportion1 :ite gives x solidity2 & f a l small proportion ( black comb9$ ) :ite1 ! latt] acquires locality z a col\r1 & bett] pres]ves its hue 9 pa9t+4 ,bo? :ite & black communicate ^! prop]ties to o!r col\rs1 9 proportion to _! lightness or dep?2 :ile !y cool ea* o!r 9 mixture1 & equally contra/ ea* o!r :5 oppos$4 ,^! extremes ( ! *romatic scale are ea* 9 its way mo/ easily d5i$1 z gre51 ! mean ( ! scale1 is ! greate/ defil] ( all col\rs4 ,rub5s reg>d$ :ite z ! n\ri%m5t ( light1 & ! poison ( %ad[4 ,9 a picture1 :ite %\ld n be m]ely glitt]+ or brilliant1 b t5d] z well z bright4 ,! eye %\ld seek x = re/1 brilliant ?\gh x may be2 & feel x z a space ( /range heav5ly pal5ess 9 ! mid/ ( ! flu%+ ( ! col\rs4 ,?is effect c only be rea*$ by g5]al dep? ( middle t9t1 by ! p]fect abs5ce ( any :ite1 save :]e x is ne$$1 & by keep+ ! :ite itself subdu$ by grey1 except at a few po9ts ( *ief lu/re4 ,:ite1 z a pigm5t1 is ( m ext5sive use ?an any o!r col\r 9 oil pa9t+ & fresco1 ow+ to its local quality1 its repres5t+ light1 & its ent]+ into composition ) all col\rs 9 ! =mation ( t9ts4 ,! old ma/]s h be5 suppos$ by "s to possess :ites sup]ior to our own1 b ?is may be que/ion$4 ,! pur5ess ( :ites 9 "s celebrat$ old pictures is r to be attribut$ to a prop] me?od ( us+1 c>eful pres]vation ( ! "w1 & 9 _m in/ances to ! introduction ( ultram>9e or a p]man5t cold col\r into ! :ite--su* z plumbago--help$ also by judici\s contra/4 ,not)/&+ :ite pigm5ts are tol]ably num]\s1 a ?or\ghly unexceptionable :ite is /ill a desid]atum--"o comb9+ ! p]fect opacity or body ( :ite lead ) ! p]fect p]man5cy ( z9c :ite4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to x t has yet be5 made1 is ,*9ese :ite1 :i* possesses 9 a great measure ! prop]ty ( ! =m]1 &1 be+ a prep>ation ( z9c1 has :olly t ( ! latt]4 ,un=tunately ,*9ese :ite is a wat]-col\r pigm5t only1 n reta9+ its sev]al advantages1 /ability except$1 :5 employ$ 9 oil4 #a4 ,,con/ant ,,:ite1 ,also call$ ,p]man5t :ite1 & ,b>ytic :ite1 is1 :5 well prep>$1 ( sup]ior body 9 wat]1 b has less opacity 9 oil4 ,x works 9 a some:at unsatisfactory & unpleasant mann]1 & is consid]ably l[] 9 its tone :ile wet ?an :5 dry1 a fault :i* subjects ev5 an exp]i5c$ arti/ to great unc]ta9ty :]e he uses x 9 comp\nd t9ts4 ,! semi-transp>5cy ( ! :ite1 :ile wet1 prev5ts 8 judg+ ( ! true t9t until 8 col\r has dri$1 :5 he frequ5tly f9ds x h>% & *alky1 & out ( tone ) ! re/ ( 8 pa9t+4 ,z little gum z possible %\ld be employ$ ) x1 gum be+ inimical to its body1 or :it5ess4 ,! be/ way ( prep>+ ?is pigm5t1 z well z o!r t]r5e :ites1 s z to pres]ve _! opacity1 is to gr9d !m 9 simple wat]1 & to add t[>ds ! end ( ! gr9d+ suffici5t only ( cle> cold jelly ( gum tragacan? z w connect !m into a body1 & atta* !m to ! pap] 9 pa9t+4 ,cold />* w answ] ! same purpose4 ,con/ant :ite is a sulphate ( b>yta1 f\nd native & kn[n "u ! "n ( heavy-sp>1 or prep>$ artificially by add+ sulphuric acid1 or a soluble sulphate1 to a solution ( a b>ytic salt4 ,9 ! fir/ mode1 if ! :ite be n well purifi$ f free acid1 x is apt to act injuri\sly on "s pigm5ts4 ,sulphate ( b>yta is (t5 us$ = ! purpose ( adult]at+ :ite lead1 ! native salt be+ gr\nd to f9e p[d]1 & wa%$ ) dilute sulphuric acid1 by :i* its col\r is improv$1 & a little oxide ( iron probably dissolv$ out4 ,:e!r native or artificial1 ! comp\nd is q unaffect$ by impure air1 & is n poison\s4 ,,lead ,,:ites ,comprise & are kn[n "u ! names (3--,:ite lead1 ,flake :ite & ,body-:ite1 ,cremnitz1 or ,kremnitz1 ,crems or ,krems :ite1 ,london & ,nott+ham :ite1 ,flemi% :ite1 ,pattison's :ite1 ,blanc d'arg5t or ,silv] :ite1 ,c]use1 ,dut* :ite1 ,fr5* :ite1 ,v5etian :ite1 ,hamburgh :ite1 ,krems] :ite1 ,sulphate ( lead1 c4 ,! heavie/ & :ite/ ( ^! are ! be/1 & 9 po9t ( col\r & body1 are sup]ior to all o!r :ites4 ,:5 pure & prop]ly appli$ 9 oil & v>ni%1 !y are comp>atively safe & durable1 dry+ well )\t addition2 b excess ( oil discol\rs !m1 & 9 wat]-pa9t+ !y are *angeable ev5 to blackness4 ,^u all vegetable lakes1 except ^? ( madd]1 !y h a de/ructive effect2 & are injuri\s to gamboge1 z well z to ^? almo/ obsolete pigm5ts1 r$ & orange leads1 k+'s & pat5t yell[1 massicot1 & orpim5t4 ,) ultram>9e1 h[ev]1 r$ & orange v]milions1 yell[ & orange *romes1 yell[ & orange & r$ cadmiums1 aureol91 ! o*res1 viridian & o!r oxides ( *romium1 ,indian r$ c41 !y comp\nd ) little or no injury4 ,lead col\rs mu/ n be employ$ 9 wat]-col\r or crayon pa9t+1 di/emp]1 or fresco4 ,! :ites ( lead are c>bonates ( t metal1 ) two exceptions3--,flemi% :ite or ! sulphate1 & ,pattison's :ite or ! oxy*loride4 ,9 us+ all pigm5ts ( :i* lead is ! basis1 cleanl9ess is ess5tial to heal?4 ,:ite lead1 by :i* we mu/ be und]/ood to mean ! c>bonate1 always conta9s :5 comm]cially prep>$ a c]ta9 proportion ( hydrat$ oxide4 ,! less ( ! latt] !re is pres5t1 ! bett] does ! :ite cov]1 & ! less liable is x to turn br[n4 ,! products =m$ by precipitation h prov$ to be inf]ior 9 body3 o!rwise1 pure mono-c>bonate ( lead-oxide1 obta9$ by mix+ solutions ( c>bonate ( pota% & a lead-salt1 might be be/ adapt$ = a pigm5t4 ,h[ev]1 su* a c>bonate has be5 lately produc$ by ,mr4 ,sp5ce's process ( pass+ c>bonic acid gas into a cau/ic soda or pota% solution ( lead1 & = ?is :ite an opacity is claim$ equal to t ( ! ord9>y comp\nd4 ,great z is ! opacity ( :ite lead1 x is apt to lose t prop]ty 9 "s measure 9 c\rse ( "t1 & become m or less transp>5t4 ,if1 ov] a s]ies ( dry oil-col\r rubs ( v>i$ hues1 !re 7 bru%$ suffici5t :ite lead pa9t to utt]ly obscure !m1 aft] "s ye>s ^? rubs w\ld indi/9ctly appe>1 & by degrees become m & m visible1 until at la/ _! =ms--if n _! v col\rs--c\ld be recognis$4 ,f ?is x w\ld seem t :ite lead mu/ sl[ly b surely "p ) "s ( its c>bonic acid1 & be at l5g? conv]t$ into dic>bonate1 a comp\nd possess+ less c>bonic acid1 & less coat+ p[]4 ,impure air1 or sulphurett$ hydrog51 br[ns or black5s :ite lead1 conv]t+ x p>tially or :olly into sulphide4 ,x w\ld appe> f ! rec5t inve/igations ( ,dr4 ,d4 ,s4 ,price1 t :ite lead is less liable to be ?us affect$1 :5 ! pictures 9 :i* x is us$ are expos$ to a /rong light2 also1 t :5 su* pictures h s suff]$1 a l exposure w re/ore !m4 ,we h ourselves notic$ ! rapidity ) :i* an oil rub ( :ite lead t has be5 damag$ by f\l gas1 rega9s its =m] :it5ess :5 submitt$ to air & sun%9e4 ,! action ( dry+ oils has be5 likewise prov$ to be v p[]ful ^u sulphide ( lead1 an exposure to light = a few days only be+ suffici5t to *ange a surface ( x1 coat$ ) a ?9 lay] ( boil$ l9se$ oil1 into a :ite "o4 ,probably1 ^! ag5ts may h a simil> effect ^u o!r pigm5ts injur$ by sulphurett$ hydrog51 & _m ( ! col\rs 9 pa9t+s may be re/or$ by treat+ !m ) boil$ l9se$ oil1 & submitt+ !m to a /rong light4 ,t ! result is due to oxidation1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,inde$1 ! em95t ,fr5* *emi/1 ,m4 ,?n>d1 0 consult$ "s ye>s back ^u ! means ( br++ to _! orig9al :it5ess ! black spots :i* _h =m$ ^u a valuable draw+1 by ! *ang+ ( ! :ite lead1 & employ$ = t purpose oxyg5at$ wat]4 ,he _h asc]ta9$ its p[] ( conv]t+ ! black sulphide ( lead into ! :ite sulphate1 &1 by t\*+ ! spots ) a bru% dipp$ 9 ! fluid1 soon succe$$ 9 re/or+ ! draw+ to its primitive /ate4 ,"h1 aga91 ! use ( ! ag5t might d\btless be ext5d$ to o!r col\rs1 to :i* f\l air is inimical4 ,9 oil pa9t+ :ite lead is ess5tial 9 ! gr\nd1 9 dead col\r+1 9 ! =mation ( t9ts ( all col\rs1 & 9 scumbl+1 ei!r alone or mix$ ) o!r pigm5ts4 ,x is also ! be/ local :ite1 :5 neutraliz$ ) ultram>9e or black2 & x is ! true repres5tative ( light1 :5 w>m$ ) ,naples yell[1 or orange v]milion or cadmium1 or ) a mixture ( ! yell[ & ei!r ( ! orange pigm5ts1 accord+ to ! light4 ,ord9>y :ite lead is (t5 mix$ ) consid]able quantities ( heavy sp>1 gypsum1 or *alk4 ,^! injure x 9 body & brightness1 dispose x to dry m sl[ly1 keep its place less firmly1 & discol\r ! oil ) :i* x is appli$1 z well z prev5t x dissolv+ completely 9 boil+ dilute pota%-ley1 a te/ by :i* pure :ite lead may be kn[n4 ,! adult]ation ( pigm5ts1 :i* we h 9 "s in/ances f\nd practis$ to a l>ge ext5t abroad1 is comp>atively unfrequ5t 9 our own c\ntry1 s f> at lea/ z reg>ds ! sup]ior class ( col\rs employ$ by arti/s4 ,z a rule1 su* col\rs :5 manufactur$ 9 ,engl& may be fairly assum$ to be g5u9e2 & c]ta9ly ! respectable col\rm5 ( ! pres5t day are n 9 ! habit ( sophi/icat+ !m4 ,we mu/ be> te/imony1 inde$1 to ! zeal ) :i* !y purvey1 reg>dless ( necess>y exp5se1 ! *oice/ & mo/ p]fect mat]ials4 ,?is %\ld be a matt] ( congratulation to ! pa9t]1 :o mu/ ( necessity rely on ! fai? & hone/y ( 8 col\r-deal]2 = if he 7 ev] s good a *emi/1 x w\ld be impossible = him to analyse ea* pigm5t be=e proce$+ to use x4 ,! fault mu/ re/ ) himself1 !re=e1 if1 ?r\gh a mi/ak5 economy1 he d n frequ5t ! be/ h\ses & pay ! be/ prices4 ,( a surety1 ! col\rs ( ! arti/ are n among ^? ?+s 9 :i* quality c1 or %\ld1 be sacrific$ to *eapness4 #b4 ,,blanc ,d',,arg5t1 ,,or ,,silv] ,,:ite4 ,^! are false appellations ( a :ite lead1 call$ also ,fr5* :ite4 ,x is br\ght f ,p>is 9 ! =m ( drops1 is exquisitely :ite1 b ( less body ?an flake :ite1 & has all ! prop]ties ( ! be/ :ite leads4 ,be+ subject to ! same *anges1 x is unfit = g5]al use z a wat]-col\r1 ?\gh good 9 oil or v>ni%4 #c4 ,,cremnitz ,,:ite1 ,kn[n likewise z ,kremnitz1 ,crems1 or ,krems :ite1 is a c>bonate ( lead :i* d]ives its names f ,kremnitz 9 ,hung>y1 or ,crems or ,krems 9 ,au/ria4 ,x is also call$ ,vi5na :ite1 be+ br\ght f ,vi5na 9 cakes ( a cubical =m4 ,cremnitz :ite is ! brighte/ :ite t is us$ 9 oil3 x possesses r less body ?an flake :ite1 because ! p>ticles are f9]4 ,:5 newly prep>$1 x gives out a /rong smell ( v9eg>4 #d4 ,,flake ,,:ite1 ,call$1 :5 levigat$1 ,body :ite1 is an ,engli% :ite lead 9 ! =m ( scales or plates1 sometimes grey on ! surface4 ,x takes its "n f its figure1 is occasionally equal to ,crems :ite 9 col\r1 & g5]ally surpasses 9 body all o!r :ite leads4 ,9 composition1 x is a mixture ( protoc>bonate & hydrat$ oxide ( lead1 ! latt] decreas+ ! opacity ( ! product accord+ to ! great] proportion 9 :i* x is pres5t4 #e4 ,,flemi% ,,:ite1 ,,or ,,sulphate ,,( ,,lead ,is an exce$+ly :ite precipitate f any solution ( lead by sulphuric acid1 mu* resembl+ ! blanc d'arg5t4 ,x is inf]ior1 h[ev]1 bo? 9 body & p]man5ce to ! ord9>y c>bonate4 ,h5ce1 :ite lead :i* has m or less be5 conv]t$ by sulphurett$ hydrog5 into sulphide1 & aga9 be5 conv]t$ into sulphate by oxidation1 ) a view to re/or+ its col\r1 becomes peculi>ly liable to ! influ5ce ( impure air4 #f4 ,,london ,,& ,,nott+ham ,,:ites4 ,! be/ ( ^! d n ess5tially diff] f ea* o!r1 nor f ! :ite leads ( o!r manufactories4 ,! latt] v>iety1 be+ prep>$ f flake :ite1 is usually ! grey] ( ! two4 #g4 ,,pattison',s ,,:ite1 ,,or ,,oxy*loride ,,( ,,lead ,is a mixture ( *loride & oxide ( lead1 =m$ by precipitat+ a solution ( *loride ( lead ) soda1 pota%1 lime1 or b>yta1 9 ! cau/ic or hydrat$ /ate4 ,x w\ld appe> t :5 ! oxy*loride is us$ z a pa9t1 ! oxide conta9$ 9 x gives rise to an oleate ( lead1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is saponace\s matt]1 is capable ( spread+ ov] an ext5d$ surface4 ,! product has be5 describ$ z possess+ prop]ties :i* are sup]ior to ^? ( :ite lead1 inasmu* z x does n s readily black5 z ! latt] body4 ,dr4 ,ure1 h[ev]1 f\nd t wat] removes ! *loride ( lead f ! pa9t comp\nd$ ( ?is article1 &1 consequ5tly1 t x is n s effectual z ! c>bonate4 ,z an arti/'s pigm5t1 a p>tially soluble comp\nd ( lead c decid$ly n be eligible4 #h4 ,,roman ,,:ite ,is ( ! pure/ :ite col\r1 & diff]s only f blanc d'arg5t 9 ! w>m fle% t9t ( ! ext]nal surface ( ! l>ge squ>e masses 9 :i* x is commonly prep>$4 ,besides ! =ego+1 !re are o!r :ite leads1 g5]ally =eign1 *eap]1 & adult]at$4 ,_m ( ^! are mix$ ) a small quantity ( *>coal1 indigo1 or ,prussian blue1 s t ! dead yell[i% %ade :i* !y pres5t may be enliv5$ to a bright] hue4 ,among !m may be nam$-- #i4 ,,c]use4 ,a ,fr5* v>iety1 n necess>ily1 b n unfrequ5tly1 mix$ ) diff]5t *alky e>?s 9 v>i\s proportions2 & ! foll[+ ,belgian k9ds3 #aj4 ,,dut* ,,:ite1 ,conta9+ ?ree f\r?s ( sulphate ( b>yta4 #aa4 ,,hamburgh ,,:ite4 ,a mixture ( two p>ts ( heavy sp> & "o ( ! plumb\s comp\nd4 #ab4 ,,krems] ,,:ite1 ,diff]+ f ! re/ 9 be+ unadult]at$4 #ac4 ,,v5etian ,,:ite ,compos$ ( heavy sp> & ! c>bonate 9 equal proportions4 ,,z9c ,,:ites4 #ad4 ,,*9ese ,,:ite4 ,! introduction1 9 #ahcd1 ( ?is peculi> prep>ation ( oxide ( z9c has prov$ an incalculable boon to wat]-col\r pa9t]s1 :o =m]ly _h no :ite :i* comb9$ p]fect p]man5cy ) good body 9 work+4 ,its inv5tion obviat$ ! necessity = us+ :ite lead1 a pigm5t :i*1 ?\gh x may be employ$ ) comp>ative safety 9 oil1 is q unfitt$ = wat]4 ,s9ce ! p]iod ( its production1 ,*9ese :ite has be5 g5]ally pref]r$ by wat]-col\r arti/s1 z be+ ! mo/ eligible 9 _! peculi> dep>tm5t4 ,previ\s to t p]iod1 ! compla9ts ( :ites *ang+ 7 ( con/ant occurr5ce2 b 9 no in/ance has any picture1 9 :i* ?is :ite has be5 us$1 suff]$ f its employm5t4 ,to ! col\r ( oxide ( z9c1 sulphurett$ hydrog5 is altoge!r h>mless2 sulphide ( z9c be+ itself :ite4 ,! v>iety "u notice works & wa%es well1 possesses no pa/y or clogg+ prop]ties1 & is prep>$ beautifully :ite4 ,moreov]1 x has ! desirable quality ( d5se body2 s mu* s1 t1 z ! pa9t] works1 8 effects rema9 unalt]$ by ! dry+ ( ! col\r4 ,x may likewise be safely mix$ ) all o!r pigm5ts1 ! foll[+ bl5d+ v satisfactorily ) ! :ite = opaque lights--cadmium yell[1 orange1 & r$2 gamboge2 aureol92 yell[ o*re2 v]milion2 & light r$4 ,)\t ! arti/ic drawbacks ( con/ant :ite or ! *emical defects ( :ite lead1 & reta9+ ! advantages ( bo?1 ,*9ese :ite _c b be consid]$ z a mo/ important addition4 ,x is a matt] ( regret t ?is pigm5t is n equally efficaci\s 9 oil4 #ae4 ,,z9c ,,:ite ,is ei!r ! anhydr\s oxide1 ! hydrate oxide1 or hydrat$ basic c>bonate ( z9c4 ,x v>ies 9 opacity & col\r accord+ to ! mode ( manufacture1 & ! purity ( ! comp\nd1 b may always be reli$ ^u z p]man5t4 ,! :it5ess ( ! be/ samples rivals t ( :ite lead1 & x is n t>ni%$ l ! latt] by sulphur\s vap\rs4 ,9 opacity x nev] equals :ite lead1 & might p]haps s]ve advantage\sly z a glaze ov] t pigm5t1 ei!r alone or comp\nd$ ) o!r col\rs2 z well z act z a m$ium ( int]position betwe5 :ite lead & ^? col\rs :i* are injur$ by x1 su* z gamboge1 crimson lake1 c4 ,:5 duly & skilfully prep>$ ! col\r & body ( ?is pigm5t are suffici5t to qualify x = a g5]al use ^u ! palette 9 oil3 9 wat] x has be5 sup]s$$ by ,*9ese :ite4 ,occasionally1 />*1 *alk1 :ite clay1 & c>bonate ( b>yta1 are employ$ z adult]ants2 none ( :i*1 h[ev]1 are inimical to /ability4 ,z a pigm5t1 z9c :ite may be said to be innoxi\s4 ,z oxide ( z9c does n readily =m a saponace\s comp\nd ) fats or oil l :ite lead1 ! pa9t prep>$ ) x & ord9>y l9se$ oil does n dry or h>d5 s rapidly4 ,= ! purpose ( caus+ x to be m siccative1 ! oil 0 boil$ ) a l>ge quantity ( li?>ge1 b by ?is me?od ! :ite 0 liable to t>ni% on meet+ ) f\l air4 ,in/ead ( li?>ge1 exp]im5ts h l$ to ! *oice ( salts ( z9c1 su* z ! *loride or sulphate1 a small p]c5tage ( :i*1 on be+ mix$ ) ! oil or oxide1 conf]s ^u x ! prop]ty ( rapidly h>d5+4 ,! same result is atta9$ by employ+ an oil1 dri$ by boil+ ) ab\t five p] c5t ( p]oxide ( manganese4 ,9 ei!r case1 a pa9t reta9+ its :ite col\r p]man5tly is produc$4 ,^! ag5ts might1 ) advantage1 be m g5]ally us$ 9 ! place ( li?>ge = r5d]+ oils siccative4 ,_m pigm5ts :i* are n naturally affect$ by sulphur\s emanations are apt to suff] if mix$ ) an oil made dry+ by means ( lead4 99 99 99 99 99 #af4 ,cadmium ,:ite4 ,provid$ ! metal be fre$ f iron1 :i* we h commonly f\nd to be m or less pres5t1 a :ite ( consid]able beauty may be produc$2 ei!r directly by precipitation z hydrat$ oxide or c>bonate1 or indirectly by expos+ ! br[n anhydr\s oxide to air & light--! latt] mode yield+ a product ( great] opacity4 ,h[ev] prep>$1 cadmium :ite is defici5t 9 body1 & apt to assume a yell[ t9t on meet+ ) an impure atmosph]e4 #ag4 ,pe>l ,:ite ,is an insoluble basic nitrate ( bismu?1 a pe>ly :ite p[d] ( loose texture1 turn+ grey on exposure1 & black5$ by sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,x is *iefly us$ z a cosmetic1 b is said to injure ! sk91 r5d]+ x yell[ & lea!r-l2 & x has be5 kn[n to cause a spasmodic trembl+ ( ! face1 end+ 9 p>alysis4 ,ano!r prep>ation "u ?is "n1 & n[ obsolete we believe z a pigm5t1 0 obta9$ f "m-(-pe>l4 ,x is describ$ z exquisitely :ite1 & ( good body 9 wat]1 b ( little =ce 9 oil or v>ni%4 #ah4 ,t9 ,:ite ,resembles z9c :ite 9 "s respects1 b has less body & col\r1 & dries badly4 ,accord+ to its composition1 x is liable to turn ei!r black or a dull yell[ 9 contact ) sulphur\s vap\rs4 #ai4 ,:ite ,*alk ,is a well-kn[n native c>bonate ( lime1 employ$ by ! arti/ only z a crayon1 or = trac+ 8 designs1 = :i* purpose x is saw$ into suitable l5g?s4 ,:ite crayons & trac+ *alks1 to be good1 mu/ "w & cut free f grit4 ,f ?is mat]ial are prep>$ :it5+ & lime1 :i* =m ! bases ( _m *eap pigm5ts & col\rs1 us$ 9 di/emp]1 pap]-/a9+1 c4 ,besides ^? m5tion$1 !re are o!r metallic :ites v>y+ 9 beauty & opacity1 su* z ^? ( m]cury1 ars5ic1 & antimony2 b none ( !m are ( any value or reputation 9 pa9t+1 on acc\nt ( _! great disposition to *ange ( col\r1 :e!r by light or f\l air1 bo? 9 wat] & oil4 ,!re are also o!r t]r5e :ites1 "u equivocal names1 among :i* are ,morat or ,modan :ite1 ,spani% :ite1 ,troys or ,troy :ite1 ,r\5 :ite1 ,*9a :ite1 & ,sat9 :ite2 ! latt] be+ a sulphate ( lime & alum9a1 :i* dries ) a glossy surface4 ,! common oy/]-%ell conta9s a s(t :ite 9 its ?ick "p1 & !re is ! :ite ( egg-%ells4 ,!re is1 too1 an endless v>iety ( native e>?s1 9 addition to ^? prep>$ by art4 ,! :ole ( !m1 h[ev]1 are de/itute ( body 9 oil2 & sev]al1 ow+ to _! alkal9e nature1 are injuri\s to _m col\rs 9 wat]1 z well z to all col\rs :i* _c be employ$ 9 fresco4 ,among ! inf9itude ( :ite sub/ances1 ! arti/ f9ds t !re are b ?ree :ite pigm5ts--^? ( lead1 z9c1 & b>yta4 ,! fir/ possesses ! greate/ opacity1 :ile ! second & ?ird are mo/ durable4 ,! la/1 h[ev]1 has s _m objectionable qualities1 t ! numb] ( eligible :ites1 may almo/ be said to be two--lead & z9c4 ,( ^!1 ! =m] is black5$ by f\l air1 & 9 oil1 ! latt] is want+ 9 body4 ,9 fact1 !re is b "o :ite pigm5t :i* approa*es p]fection--,*9ese :ite2 & ?is is only a wat]-col\r4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,on ,,! ,,prim>y1 ,,yell[4 ,yell[ is ! fir/ ( ! prim>y or simple col\rs1 ne>e/ 9 relation to1 & p>tak+ mo/ ( ! nature (1 ! neutral :ite2 x is accord+ly a mo/ advanc+ col\r1 ( great p[] 9 reflect+ light4 ,comp\nd$ ) ! prim>y r$1 x con/itutes ! second>y orange1 z well z its relatives1 sc>let1 & o!r w>m col\rs4 ,x is ! ar*eus1 or prime col\r1 ( ! t]ti>y citr9e2 *>act]ises 9 l mann] ! endless numb] ( semi-neutral col\rs call$ br[n1 & ent]s l>gely into ! complex hues t]m$ buff1 bay1 tawny1 tan1 dan1 dun1 drab1 *e/nut1 roan1 sorrel1 hazel1 auburn1 isabela1 fawn1 feuillemort1 c4 ,yell[ is naturally associat$ ) r$ 9 transi5t & prismatic col\rs1 & is ! pr9cipal p[] ) x 9 repres5t+ ! effects ( w>m?1 heat1 & fire4 ,comb9$ ) ! prim>y blue1 yell[ furni%es all ! v>iety ( ! second>y gre51 z well z1 subord9ately1 ! t]ti>ies russet & olive4 ,x also ent]s 9 a v subdu$ degree into cool1 semi-neutral1 & brok5 col\rs1 & assi/s 9 m9or proportion ) blue & r$ 9 ! composition ( black4 ,z a pigm5t1 yell[ is a t5d] delicate col\r1 easily defil$1 :5 pure1 by o!r col\rs4 ,9 pa9t+ x dim9i%es ! p[] ( ! eye by its action 9 a /rong light1 at ! same "t becom+ less di/9ct z a col\r2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 x assi/s vision & becomes m di/9ct z a col\r 9 a neutral some:at decl9+ light4 ,^! p[]s ( col\rs ^u vision require ! p>ticul> att5tion ( ! col\ri/4 ,to rem$y ! ill effect aris+ f ! eyes hav+ dwelt ^u a col\r1 !y %\ld be ei!r pass$ gradually to its opposite col\r1 & refre%$ amid comp\nd or neutral t9ts1 or wa%$ 9 ! cle> light ( day4 ,h5ce1 9 view+ l>ge collections ( pictures1 _! col\rs w be m duly e/imat$ by sometimes walk+ to ! w9d[1 or by tak+ an occasional glance at a millbo>d1 :i* may be c>ri$ 9 ! h&1 pa9t$ a cool gray4 ,9 a w>m light1 yell[ becomes totally lo/1 b is less dim9i%$ ?an all o!r col\rs1 except :ite1 by di/ance4 ,! /rong] tones ( any col\r subdue its fa9t] hues 9 ! same proportion z opposite col\rs & contra/s exalt !m4 ,! contra/+ col\rs ( yell[ are a purple incl9+ to blue :5 ! yell[ leans to orange1 & a purple incl9+ to r$ :5 ! yell[ t5ds to gre51 9 ! mean proportions ( ?irte5 purple to ?ree yell[1 measur$ 9 surface or int5sity4 ,be+ ne>e/ to ! neutral :ite 9 ! natural scale ( col\rs1 yell[ accords ) x 9 conjunction2 :ile1 ( all col\rs1 except :ite1 x contra/s black mo/ p[]fully4 ,yell[ is discordant :5 /&+ alone ) orange1 unsupport$ by o!r col\rs4 ,on acc\nt ( ! paucity ( f9e yell[s among ! anci5ts1 we f9d t 9 _m pa9t+s & beautiful illum9at$ ,,mss4 ( old1 gl[+ ) v]milion & ultram>9e1 ! place ( yell[ 0 suppli$ by gild+4 ,n[1 c]ta9ly1 no su* sc>city exi/s2 ( ! ?ree prim>y col\rs1 good yell[s be+ ! mo/ num]\s4 ,x may be obs]v$ ( yell[ pigm5ts t _! col\r be+ prim>y & !re=e simple1 !y _c be compos$ by any mixture ( o!r col\rs4 ,! same rem>k ( c\rse applies to pigm5ts :i* are r$ or blue4 #bj4 ,,aureol94 ,9 ^! days a new pigm5t soon f9ds its level1 /&+ or fall+ accord+ to its m]its4 ,!re are too _m col\rs already on ! palette = a fre% com] to h mu* *ance1 unless x possess "s great di/+ui%+ quality1 or c take a place :i* has nev] be5 occupi$4 ,su* a void aureol9 fills4 ,?is magnific5t yell[ pigm5t1 says ! ,*emical ,news1 supplies a desid]atum hi!rto 9 va9 s\ght = by arti/s4 ,x is ! ne>e/ approa* to a p]fect yell[ 9 exi/5ce1 & m closely resembles ! purity ( ! prismatic spectrum ?an any o!r artificial col\r4 ,x is transp>5t1 has great brilliancy & ri*ness1 bo? pure & 9 comb9ation1 & is v p]man5t1 be+ entirely unaffect$ by exposure to sulphurett$ hydrog5 & o!r atmosph]ic impurities1 or to ! direct rays ( ! sun dur+ an entire summ]4 ,aureol91 ) ultram>9e & madd] r$1 completes ! triad ( brilliant1 p]man5t1 & transp>5t primitive col\rs4 ,! above only tallies ) ! /atem5ts ( sev]al sci5tific *emi/s & arti/s ( note1 /atem5ts :i* a prolong$ p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! col\r enables u to endorse4 ,to our k1 aureol9 is q un9jur$ by ! sev]e/ te/s to :i* a pigm5t c be subject$4 ,we h f\nd x be> ) impunity1 ev5 9 its lighte/ & fa9te/ t9ts1 ! f\le/ gas & ! brighte/ sun%9e4 ,damp has no effect ^u x2 & 9 oil1 wat]1 or fresco1 x is equally eligible4 ,) all o!r col\rs aureol9 mixes safely & readily1 =m+ comb9ations ( ! utmo/ v>iety & value4 ,x af=ds beautiful transp>5t t9ts1 well def9$1 & ( exce$+ purity2 ! pal] wa%es be+ at once cle> & delicate1 & admitt+ ! mo/ subtle gradations ( tone4 ,! arti/ic prop]ties ( aureol91 h[ev]1 w be be/ describ$ by quot+ ! foll[+ extract f ,mr4 ,a>on ,p5ley's ,engli% ,s*ool ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,wat] ,col\rs3-- ,i h fully te/$ ! qualifications ( ,aureol9 = ! ,l&scape ,pa9t]1 &1 )\t hesitation1 pron\nce x to be ! mo/ valuable addition to ! 'col\r box' s9ce ! introduction ( ,rose ,madd]4 ,x has suppli$ a defici5cy ( a v important "*4 ,hi!rto1 no ,primitive ,yell[ has be5 q satisfactory z to its p]si/5ce2 s t ! ,aureol9 w n only be reg>d$ by ! arti/ z a great boon 9 ! production ( 8 works1 b x mu/ also be consid]$ z a real & la/+ b5efit to pictorial art 9 g5]al4 ,! p]man5ce & unalt]$ purity ( its lighte/ & fa9te/ t9ts we are assur$ may be confid5tly reli$ ^u1 inasmu* z !y h be5 fully e/abli%$ by ! mo/ sev]e te/s to :i* col\r c be subject$1 by sev]al ( our able/ & mo/ tal5t$ *emi/s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ne$less to enl>ge ^u its m]its1 o!r ?an t ,i1 = "o1 feel grateful = its introduction4 ,its uses are manifold1 & may be consid]$ available = e purpose requir+ a ,yell[ ( its "*4 ,z to ,gray--p]haps x is n possible to obta9 m delicately pure & transp>5t arial t9ts ?an are to be produc$ f a comb9ation ( ,cobalt1 ,rose ,madd] & ,aureol92 all ( :i* are ( a light description & well suit$ = ! repres5tation ( s(t & ?9 effects ( ! atmosph]e4 ,^! col\rs are ea* ( !m beautiful1 & yield a mo/ exquisite range ( tones1 :i*1 z !y mix toge!r mo/ k9dly1 r5d] !m desirable :]e purity & delicacy are s\ght4 ,z to ,foliage4--,9 speak+ ( ,aureol9 z adapt$ = ! col\r+ ( foliage & h]bage1 x is impossible to say too mu* 9 its praise4 ,x imp>ts ! vividness & fre%ness ( nature to e col\r ) :i* x is comb9$--a quality ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,z a col\r = drap]y x has no equal1 & may be employ$ ) p]fect success1 ei!r by itself or ) any ( ! o!r pigm5ts4 ,! foll[+ table ( comp\nd t9ts w be f\nd extremely useful3-- ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,burnt ,si5na4 ,v&yke ,br[n4 ,sepia4 ,sepia1 or ,rose ,indigo1 or ,indigo1 or ,fr5* ,madd]4 ,fr5* ,blue4 ,blue4 ,cobalt4 ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,indigo4 ,oxide ( ,*romium4 ,em]ald ,light ,r$4 ,gre54 ,cobalt1 or ,indigo4 ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,aureol94 ,burnt ,si5na4 ,burnt ,umb]4 ,br[n ,madd]4 ,rose ,madd]4 ,aureol91 9 comb9ation ) ,cobalt & ,sepia1 or ,rose ,madd]1 gives mo/ agreeable & delicate t9ts = di/ant trees1 :5 "u ! influ5ce ( a s(t light1 or hazy /ate ( ! atmosph]e4 ,hav+ mo/ imp>tially & dilig5tly te/$ ! qualities ( ! ,aureol91 ,i c & d mo/ consci5ti\sly recomm5d its adoption by all :o practise wat]-col\r pa9t+4 ,! =ego+ suffici5tly proves ! value ( aureol9 9 wat]1 & simil> flatt]+ notices h be5 giv5 ( ! col\r 9 oil4 ,bo? 9 a *emical & arti/ic s5se1 !re=e1 ?is new primitive yell[ m]its ! highe/ reg>d1 & ju/ly claims a =emo/ place among t little b& ( pigm5ts :i* are )\t fe> & )\t reproa*4 ,= mural decoration1 aureol9 is admirably adapt$1 b x _c be us$ 9 enamel1 ! col\r be+ de/roy$ by great heat4 ,,cadmium ,,yell[s4 ,( ^! !re are ?ree t9ts1 ,deep1 a s-call$ ,pale1 & ,lemon4 #ba4 ,,deep ,,cadmium4 ,cadmium ,yell[ is comp>atively a rec5t introduction1 ! metal itself n hav+ be5 discov]$ till #ahah4 ,! cadmium yell[s ( comm]ce are 7! *romate except$7 all sulphides1 & !re=e n affect$ by impure air4 ,until lately1 !y 7 n manufactur$ 9 ,engl& b import$ f abroad1 & z a rule 7 sadly doctor$4 ,we h f\nd 9 !m a l>ge proportion ( orpim5t1 *romate ( lead1 c41 toge!r ) quantities ( soluble salt1 extract$ by boil+ wat]4 ,ow+ to c>eless prep>ation1 !re 0 also pres5t an unnecess>y am\nt ( dirt1 :i* int]f]$ z mu* ) ! purity ( ! col\r1 z sophi/ication less5$ its /ability4 ,= ^! reasons1 d\btless1 cadmium yell[s got to be reg>d$ by "s ) disfav\r & suspicion2 & x may fairly be said t !y did n atta9 _! pres5t popul>ity1 until !y became an article ( home produce4 ,deep cadmium yell[1 if g5u9e1 may )\t hesitation be decl>$ p]man5t1 bo? ) respect to f\l gas1 & exposure to light or air4 ,! v>iety "u notice is ( extreme dep?1 incl9+ to orange1 gl[+1 lu/r\s1 & brilliant4 ,x is n v transp>5t1 b wond]fully cle> & bright1 ( great p[]1 & ! mo/ ri*ly ton$ yell[ kn[n4 ,= drap]ies x is p>ticul>ly adapt$1 & = gorge\s sunsets is invaluable4 ,x works & wa%es well1 readily ?r[s all o!r yell[s into ! %ade :5 us$ alone1 & comb9es admirably ) ,*9ese :ite = ! light t\*es ( bright cl\ds or m\nta9s4 ,by admixture ) :ite1 cadmium gives a s]ies ( beautiful cle> t9ts4 ,:5 comp\nd$ ) :ite lead1 h[ev]1 ! col\r has be5 /at$ to be de/roy$4 ,!oretically1 ?is might v well happ54 ,cadmium yell[ is compos$ ( cadmium & sulphur--:ite lead ( lead & c>bonic acid4 ,if ! =m] p>t$ ) "s ( its sulphur to ! latt]1 sulphide ( lead w\ld result1 :i* is black4 ,h5ce1 ! p>tly decompos$ yell[ & :ite w\ld be mix$ ) black1 & !re w\ld be =m$ a blacki%-yell[ or a yell[i%-black4 ,aga91 if ! cadmium p>t$ ) ! :ole ( its sulphur to ! lead1 receiv+ 9 ex*ange ! c>bonic acid ( ! latt]1 a mixture ( black sulphide ( lead ) :ite c>bonate ( cadmium w\ld be furni%$1 ! result be+ a grey4 ,p]haps ! foll[+ r\gh diagram may s]ve to make our mean+ pla9]3-- ,cadmium ,yell[ ,cadmium4 ,c>bonate ( ,cadmium 7,:ite47 ,sulphur4 _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ ,:ite ,lead ,lead4 _/ ,sulphide ( ,lead 7,black47 ,c>bonic ,acid4 ,su* is ! !ory ( ! reaction :i* might take place1 b :i*1 z f> z our own exp]i5ce goes1 does n4 ,"s deep cadmium yell[ :i* we ourselves prep>$ 0 intimately mix$ & gr\nd ) an equal quantity by weight ( ,cremnitz :ite1 & an oil rub ( ! comp\nd laid ^u a tile4 ,hav+ plac$ ! latt] on a %elf 9 ! laboratory1 we wat*$ f week to week to see if any approa* to blackness occurr$1 any dim9ution 9 ! beauty ( ! t9t2 b c\ld p]ceive none4 ,h5ce1 :ile admitt+ ! possibility ( ! col\r be+ damag$ or de/roy$ 9 ! case ( an inf]ior & spuri\s article1 we conclude t an unadult]at$ cadmium yell[1 conta9+ no free sulphur1 nei!r injures1 nor is injur$ by1 :ite lead1 & may safely be us$ !re)4 ,at ! same "t1 ! arti/ %\ld be w>n$ to satisfy himself ( ! g5u95ess ( 8 pigm5t1 or o!rwise to employ ! :ite ( z9c1 at lea/ z a m$ium ( int]v5tion4 ,a good sample ( cadmium yell[ may r advantage\sly ?an o!rwise be comp\nd$ ) :ite lead1 = we h f\nd t a mixture ( equal p>ts by weight ( ! two w be> an atmosph]e ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 t completely black5s ! :ite alone4 ,) all ! sulphides ( cadmium a /eel palette knife is be/ avoid$4 #bb4 ,,pale ,,cadmium4 ,! cadmium yell[ s-call$1 is n /rictly pale1 b pale only :5 comp>$ ) ! prec$+4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a full ri* col\r1 brilliant & p]man5t1 b )\t t t5d5cy to orange :i* di/+ui%es ! deep4 ,= "s purposes1 :5 a w>m tone is n requir$1 su* a t9t is pref]able4 ,9 wat]1 especially1 :]e delicacy ( col\r+ c be c>ri$ to a great] degree ( ref9em5t ?an 9 oil1 ^! diff]5ces ( hue are important4 ,9 ! fir/ m$ium ! fa9t wa%es %[ ) a cle>ness :i* is n s app>5t 9 ! la/1 & ! mo/ subtle gradation ( tone tells ) a =ce 9 "s measure lo/ 9 oil4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! col\r ( ! lighte/ t9ts 9 ! di/ance mu/ be z true z t ( ! deepe/ %ades 9 ! =egr\nd1 & h5ce ! w>m? or coldness ( ! pale wa%es ( a pigm5t %\ld be duly consid]$4 ,pale cadmium yell[ ) or )\t aureol91 is adapt$ = gold5 sunsets1 & yields ) ,fr5* blue a beautiful sea-gre54 #bd4 ,,lemon ,,cadmium4 ,v pale cadmium yell[s are n p]man5t1 & lemon cadmiums are decid$ly fugitive4 ,be+1 l ! deep & 'pale' v>ieties1 sulphides1 !y are ( c\rse unalt]$ by sulphur\s gas2 b !y w n /& exposure to light & air1 or ev5 to light alone4 ,"s :i* 7 submitt$ 9 an air-tight bottle to ! action ( light gradually :it5$ next ! glass4 ,yet !y 7 almo/ id5tical 9 composition ) ! deepe/ & mo/ orange hues1 & might h reasonably be5 presum$ /able4 ,repeat$ exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 bo? ) samples ( our own mak+ & ( o!rs' manufacture1 h %[n t = a cadmium to be durable1 x mu/ be ( a full1 ri*1 comp>atively deep yell[2 & t any pal] product ?an ! 'pale' allud$ to _c be dep5d$ on4 ,x is true t a light or lemon t9t w fade quick] 9 wat] ?an 9 oil1 b a col\r :i* is fugitive 9 ! "o vehicle _c be reg>d$ z eligible 9 ! o!r4 ,f a some:at long acqua9tance ) cadmiums1 we h d]iv$ ! op9ion t _! /ability re/s mu* on ! mode ( prep>ation1 & t an am\nt ( heat is ne$$ suffici5t to make ! sulphur bite into ! base4 ,?is op9ion1 inde$1 ext5ds to all metallic sulphides1 & our belief is1 t if v]milions 7 made g5]ally by wet processes1 !y w\ld n be f\nd ! p]man5t pigm5ts !y und\bt$ly are4 #be4 ,,mutrie ,,yell[4 ,"u ?is "n a lemon sulphide ( cadmium has lately appe>$1 to :i* ! =ego+ rem>ks are applicable4 ,a wat] col\r rub on exposure to air & light fad$ rapidly1 no trace ( yell[ rema9+ 9 ! pale wa%4 ,! sample :i* came "u our notice conta9$ a quantity ( free sulphur4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ^! lemon cadmiums are fugaci\s1 s bright1 s cle>1 are !y1 & ( s pure a lemon t9t c !y be obta9$4 ,b z no beauty ( col\r comp5sates = want ( durability1 _! place %\ld be suppli$ by lemon yell[ prop]1 or *romate ( b>yta4 #bf4 ,,*rome ,,yell[s1 ,also call$ ,jaune ,m9rale1 ,jaune de ,cologne or ,cologne ,yell[1 ,pale ,*rome1 & ,deep ,*rome1 are *romates ( lead1 9 :i* ! latt] metal m or less exi/s1 accord+ to ! pal5ess or dep? ( ! col\r4 ,( mod]n introduction1 !y are di/+ui%$ = _! brilliancy1 _! opacity & body1 & _! go+ cordially into t9t ) :ite1 bo? 9 wat] & oil4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to a h>%ness & h>dness ( tone = :i* !y are peculi>1 a co>se & disagreeable effect is apt to be produc$ by _! use4 ,9 g5]al1 !y d n accord ) ! mode/ hues ( nature1 nor h>monize well ) ! s(t] beauty ( o!r col\rs4 ,rivall+ ! cadmiums 9 brightness1 !y are want+ 9 ! mell[ ri*ness :i* belongs to ! deep] v>ieties ( ^? pigm5ts1 z well z 9 _! p]man5cy4 ,al?\gh !y resi/ ! sun's rays = a l5g!n$ p]iod1 aft] "s "t !y lose _! orig9al hue1 :e!r employ$ alone or 9 t9t1 & may ev5 become black 9 impure air4 ,^u sev]al pigm5ts !y produce s]i\s *anges1 ultimately de/roy+ ,prussian & ,antw]p blues1 :5 comp\nd$ !re) 9 ! composition ( gre5s1 c4 ,rang+ f lemon to deep yell[1 9 oil1 provid$ ! atmosph]e be good1 ! *romes may be f\nd comp>atively durable2 b1 on ! :ole1 ! arti/ _c tru/ to !m 8 reputation z a col\ri/4 ,! *romates are (t5 mix$ ) sulphate ( lead1 z well z ) ! sulphates ( b>yta & lime4 ,! pres5ce ( ! fir/ is especially objectionable1 z increas+ ! t5d5cy ( ! yell[s to be black5$ by f\l gas4 ,! sulphates ( b>yta & lime1 h[ev]1 are sometimes =m$ 9 ! process ( prep>ation1 9 :i* case !y are r an advantage ?an o!rwise2 inasmu* z !y n only l5d a s(tness to ! col\r1 b decrease ! proportion ( lead5 base1 & consequ5tly ! t5d5cy ref]r$ to4 ,we may rem>k1 inde$1 ) respect to pigm5ts1 t x is difficult 9 _m in/ances to say :]e manufacture ends & adult]ation beg9s4 ,a sub/ance may be pres5t :i*1 al?\gh n absolutely ess5tial to ! col\r itself1 has be5 legitimately employ$ to imp>t a desir$ quality1 or a c]ta9 t9t4 #bg4 ,,cologne ,,yell[ ,is a *eap inf]ior *rome yell[1 unfit = arti/ic purposes1 & consi/s ( tw5ty-five p>ts ( *romate ( lead1 fifte5 ( sulphate ( lead1 & sixty ( sulphate ( lime4 #bh4 ,,jaune ,,m9]ale ,is prep>$ 9 ,p>is1 & diff]s 9 no ess5tial p>ticul> f ord9>y *romate ( lead1 except 9 ! pal5ess ( its col\r4 ,! *rome yell[s h also obta9$ o!r names f places or p]sons1 :5ce !y h be5 br\ght or by :om !y h be5 made4 ,ano!r lead yell[1 n a *romate1 has likewise be5 call$ jaune m9rale4 #bi4 ,,citron ,,yell[ ,is *romate ( z9c1 a bright pale lemon-l yell[1 slightly soluble 9 wat]4 ,x is n affect$ by f\l gas1 b does n pres]ve its col\r on exposure to light & air1 or ev5 :5 kept 9 a book4 ,9 contact ) organic sub/ances x is apt to turn gre54 ,comp\nd$1 especially = foliage t9ts1 ?is yell[ is eligible2 b if purity ( hue be desir$1 x %\ld c]ta9ly n be employ$ alone4 ,9 ?is *romate1 z 9 _m o!rs1 ! aff9ity ( ! *romic acid to ! base is small2 ! =m] is liable to sep>ate f ! latt]1 &1 by deoxidation1 to become conv]t$ into gre5 oxide ( *romium4 #cj4 ,,gall/one ,is a deep-ton$ gorge\s yell[1 af=d+ ri*] t9ts ?an mo/ o!r yell[s1 b x _c be dep5d$ on = p]man5cy1 & !re=e is seldom employ$4 ,its col\r is soon *ang$ & de/roy$ by /rong light1 ?\gh n subject to alt]ation by impure air4 ,9 oil x is ineligible4 ,a true gall/one is an animal calculus =m$ 9 ! gall-bladd]1 *iefly ( ox52 b ! pigm5t sold "u t "n is (t5 replac$ by a sub/itute1 resembl+ ! orig9al 9 col\r1 b ( great] /ability4 #ca4 ,,gamboge1 ,sometimes designat$ ,drop ,gum1 & v>i\sly writt5 ,gamboge1 ,camboge1 ,gamboage1 ,cambogia1 ,cambadium1 ,cambogium1 ,gambodium1 ,gambogium1 c41 is ! produce ( sev]al k9ds ( trees4 ,! natives ( ! coa/ ( ,corom&el call ! tree f :i* x is pr9cipally obta9$ ,goka?u1 :i* gr[s also 9 ,ceylon & ,siam4 ,f ! w\nd$ leaves & "y %oots ! gamboge is collect$ 9 a liquid /ate & dri$4 ,our indig5\s h]b ,cel&9e yields abundantly1 9 ! same mann]1 a beautiful yell[ juice ( ! same prop]ties z gamboge4 ,gamboge is ( a gum-res9\s nature & cle> yell[ col\r4 ,x is bright & transp>5t1 b n ( great dep?1 & 9 its deepe/ t\*es %9es too mu* & v]ges ^u br[n4 ,:5 prop]ly us$1 x is m durable ?an g5]ally reput$1 bo? 9 wat] & oil2 & conduces1 :5 mix$ ) o!r col\rs1 to _! /ability & keep+ _! place1 on acc\nt ( its gum & res94 ,x is deep5$ 9 "s degree by ammoniacal & impure air1 & some:at weak5$1 b n easily discol\r$1 by ! action ( light4 ,"t effects less *ange on ?is col\r ?an on o!r bright vegetal yell[s2 b :ite lead & o!r metall9e pigm5ts injure1 :ile t]r5e & alkal9e sub/ances r$d5 x4 ,9 wat] x works rem>kably well1 & =ms an opaque emulsion )\t gr9d+ or prep>ation1 by means ( its natural gum2 b is ) difficulty employ$ 9 oil1 c41 9 a dry condition4 ,x dries well1 h[ev]1 9 its natural /ate1 & la/s 9 glaz+ :5 depriv$ ( its gum4 ,) reg>d to o!r col\rs x is p]fectly innoc5t1 & ?\gh a /rong m$ic9e1 is n dang]\s or delet]i\s 9 use4 ,gamboge has be5 employ$ z a yell[ lake1 precipitat$ ^u an alum9\s base2 b a bett] way ( prep>+ x is to =m a pa/e ( ! col\r 9 wat]1 & mix x ) lemon yell[1 ) :i* pigm5t be+ diffus$ x goes readily into oil or v>ni%4 ,glaz$ ov] o!r col\rs 9 wat]1 its res9 acts z a v>ni% :i* protects !m2 & "u o!r col\rs its gum acts z a prep>ation :i* admits v>ni%+4 ,x is injur$ by a less degree ( heat ?an mo/ pigm5ts4 ,9 l&scape1 gamboge af=ds ) indigo or ,antw]p blue cle> bright gre5s1 & ) sepia a v useful sob] t9t4 ,= sunrise & sunset cl\ds1 a mixture ( gamboge & cadmium yell[ w be f\nd useful4 #cb4 ,,extract ,,( ,,gamboge ,is ! col\r+ matt] sep>at$ f its gre5i% gum & impurities by solution 9 alcohol1 filtration & precipitation1 by :i* x acquires a p[d]y texture1 r5d]+ x miscible 9 oil1 c41 & capable ( be+ employ$ 9 glaz+4 ,at ! same "t x is improv$ 9 col\r1 & reta9s its orig9al prop]ty ( work+ well 9 wat] ) gum4 ,gamboge is likewise soluble 9 cau/ic pota%1 =m+ a r$ liquid1 f :i* x is ?r[n d[n by acids4 #cc4 ,,indian ,,yell[ ,is a pigm5t long employ$ 9 ,india "u ! "n ,purree1 b has n _m ye>s be5 introduc$ g5]ally into pa9t+ 9 ,europe4 ,x is import$ 9 ! =m ( balls ( a fetid od\r1 & is produc$ f ! ur9e ( ! camel4 ,x appe>s to be a urio-phosphate ( lime1 & is ( a beautiful pure yell[ col\r & light p[d]y texture2 ( great] body & dep? ?an gamboge1 b inf]ior 9 ^! respects to gall/one4 ,indian yell[ resi/s ! sun's rays ) s+ul> p[] 9 wat] pa9t+2 yet 9 ord9>y light & air1 or ev5 9 a book1 ! beauty ( its col\r is n la/+4 ,9 oil x is exce$+ly fugitive1 bo? alone & 9 t9t4 ,ow+ probably to its alkal9e nature1 x has an injuri\s effect ^u co*9eal lakes & c>m9e :5 us$ ) !m4 ,! col\r is n damag$ by f\l air1 &1 z lime does n de/roy x1 ! pigm5t may be employ$ 9 fresco accord+ to its p[]s4 ,indian yell[ wa%es & works extremely well1 & is adapt$ = drap]ies & = comp\nd+ l&scape gre5s--:]e p]man5cy is n requir$4 ,blackness 9 ! d>ke/ %ad[s ( ! foliage w sometimes result f too great a use ( indigo2 %\ld ?is evil exi/1 no col\r is s fitt$ to rega9 ! prop] tone z ,indian yell[ employ$ ?ickly4 ,,lakes4 ,!re are sev]al pigm5ts ( ?is d5om9ation1 v>y+ 9 col\r & appe>ance accord+ to ! sub/ances us$ & modes ( prep>ation4 ,usually !y are 9 ! =m ( drops1 & _! col\rs are 9 g5]al bright yell[1 v transp>5t1 & n liable to *ange 9 an impure atmosph]e--qualities :i* w\ld r5d] !m v valuable1 7 !y n soon discol\r$ & ev5 de/roy$ on exposure to air & light1 bo? 9 wat] & oil4 ,9 ! latt] vehicle1 !y are bad dri]s1 l mo/ lakes1 & !y d n /& ! action ( :ite lead & o!r metallic pigm5ts4 ,if us$1 !re=e1 x %\ld be z simple z possible4 ,( ^! lakes1 ! foll[+ are ! be/2 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t1 z n "o ( !m is p]man5t1 ! comp\nds !y af=d are ( necessity un/able4 #cd4 ,,yell[ ,,lake ,is a bright transp>5t yell[1 a difficult dri]1 & liable to be de/roy$ by light4 ,x af=ds beautiful foliage t9ts1 & w\ld1 if x c\ld be dep5d$ on1 be ( extreme value 9 :at is call$ glaz+4 #ce4 ,,italian ,,p9k1 ,also call$ ,engli% & ,dut* ,p9k1 is an absurd "n = a /rong] & ri*] k9d ( yell[ lake1 w>m] 9 t9t & m p[]ful ?an ! prec$+4 ,x is a ri* transp>5t yell[1 yield+ a v>iety ( f9e foliage t9ts by admixture ) indigo & sepia 9 diff]5t proportions4 ,^! ?ree col\rs ) burnt si5na w produce almo/ e v>iety ( sunny foliage4 ,x gives likewise good olive gre5s ) lamp black4 #cf4 ,,qu]citron ,,lake1 ,or ,qu]citron ,yell[1 is :at its "n implies4 ,x is d>k 9 sub/ance1 9 gra9s ( a glossy fracture1 p]fectly transp>5t1 & :5 gr\nd is ( a beautiful yell[ col\r4 ,9 pa9t+ x foll[s1 & adds ri*ness & dep? to1 gamboge 9 wat]1 & goes well into v>ni%2 b any lead us$ 9 r5d]+ oils siccative1 br[ns x1 & = ! same reason x is useless 9 t9ts4 #cg4 ,,lemon ,,yell[1 ,or *romate ( b>yta1 is exce$+ly difficult to make well4 ,^u ! mode ( manufacture dep5d n only ! beauty ( ! col\r b its /ability4 ,if prop]ly & c>efully prep>$1 x is ( a vivid lemon t9t1 deep or pale1 v cle>1 v pure & p]man5t4 ,x also wa%es well1 & is entirely free f ! slighte/ t+e ( orange4 ,?is may be pron\nc$ ! only *romate :i* possesses durability1 n be+ liable to *ange by damp or f\l air1 by ! action ( light or ! /eel palette-knife1 or by mixture ) :ite lead & o!r pigm5ts1 ei!r 9 wat] or oil1 9 bo? ( :i* x works pleasantly4 ,lemon yell[ is *iefly adapt$ to po9ts ( high light1 & has a peculi>ly happy effect :5 glaz$ ov] gre5s 9 bo? modes ( pa9t+4 ,9 wat] x exce$s gamboge 9 brightness1 & comp\nd$ !re) improves its beauty4 ,?is mixture also goes readily into oil2 inde$ x is ! be/ & easie/ way ( r5d]+ gamboge diffusible z an oil col\r--simple emulsion ( ! gamboge 9 a little wat]1 & trituration ( ! lemon yell[ !re)1 be+ all t is requisite = ! purpose4 ,lemon yell[ has n mu* p[]1 & is semi-opaque4 ,9 di/ance1 its light wa% is us$ ) great effect = cool sunny gre5s1 = :i* a m9ute quantity ( em]ald gre5 may be add$ to x4 ,be+ un9jur$ by lime1 ! col\r is eligible 9 fresco & crayons4 #ch4 ,,m>s ,,yell[1 ,jaune de ,m>s1 ,jaune de ,f]1 ,iron ,yell[1 c41 is an artificially prep>$ iron o*re1 ( ! nature ( si5na e>?4 ,9 its g5]al qualities x resembles ! o*res1 ) ! same eligibilities & exceptions1 b is m transp>5t1 z well z pur]1 cle>]1 ri*]1 & bright]4 ,l !m x is q p]man5t4 ,! col\rs ( iron exi/ 9 endless v>iety 9 nature1 & are capable ( ! same v>iation by art1 f si5na yell[1 ?r\gh orange & r$1 to a species ( purple1 br[n1 & black1 among :i* are useful & valuable di/9ctions4 ,!y 7 =m]ly introduc$ by ! au?or1 & h be5 receiv$ "u ! names ( ,m>s yell[1 ,m>s orange1 ,m>s r$1 ,m>s violet1 & ,m>s br[n4 ,all ( !m are bright] & pur] ?an native o*res1 & equally /able4 ,:5 c>efully prep>$1 ^! pigm5ts dry well 9 proportion to _! dep?1 are m>k$ by a subdu$ ri*ness r ?an brilliancy1 & h ! g5]al habits ( si5na e>?s & o*res4 ,_! fa9t wa%es possess ! desirable quality ( transp>5t cle>ness4 ,we h occasionally f\nd ,m>s yell[ mix$ ) orpim5t1 or *romate ( lead1 = ! purpose ( bright5+ ! col\r4 #ci4 ,,naples ,,yell[ ,0 a comp\nd ( lead & antimony1 anci5tly prep>$ at ,naples "u ! "n ( ,giallol9o1 & 0 v>i\sly ( a pleas+ light1 w>m yell[ t9t4 ,x 0 opaque & ( good body1 n alt]$ by ! light ( ! sun1 & might be us$ ) comp>ative safety 9 oil or v>ni%1 "u ! same managem5t z ! :ites ( lead4 ,l ^!1 h[ev]1 x 0 liable to *ange ev5 to blackness by damp & impure air :5 employ$ 9 wat]4 ,iron 0 also de/ructive ( ! col\r ( ?is yell[1 on :i* acc\nt great c>e 0 requisite1 9 gr9d+ & us+ x1 n to t\* x ) ! common /eel palette knife1 b to comp\nd its t9ts ) a spatula ( ivory or horn4 ,= ! same reason1 x 0 apt to suff] 9 composition ) o*res1 ,prussian & ,antw]p blues1 & o!r pigm5ts ( :i* iron 0 a pr9cipal or +r$i5t4 ,us$ pure or ) :ite lead x 0 eligible 9 oil1 9 :i* x work$ & dri$ well4 ,x 0 also employ$ 9 enamel pa9t+ z x vitrifi$ )\t *ange4 ,9 ?is /ate x 0 call$ ,giallol9o di =nace1 & 0 introduc$ z a pigm5t = arti/s1 "u ! errone\s conception t vitrification gives p]man5ce to col\rs1 :5 9 tru? x only increases ! difficulty ( levigation1 & injures _! texture = work+4 ,we h spok5 ( ,naples yell[ 9 ! pa/ t5se1 because ! pigm5t n[ sold z su* is g5]ally1 or always1 a comp\nd col\r1 or manufactur$ ) a z9c in/ead ( a lead base4 ,9 ei!r case ! prec$+ rem>ks are n applicable to ! pres5t product1 :i* is p]fectly durable & tru/wor?y4 ,! new ,naples yell[ pres5ts an example ( an old objectionable pigm5t be+ replac$ by a diff]5t & sup]ior prep>ation4 ,h[ev] fugitive c]ta9 col\rs may h be51 ! fact ( _! once hav+ _h a place on ! palette w\ld seem to be suffici5t recomm5dation to "s4 ,at any rate1 !y are /ill 9 occasional reque/1 & we _c b approve ! pi\s fraud :i* (f]s "u ! same "n a good sub/itute = a bad orig9al4 ,if an arti/ mu/ ne$s dem& a wor?less pigm5t1 he _h bett] buy a col\r l x t w /&1 ev5 if x be n :at he ask$ =4 ,! t9ts ( ,naples yell[ are readily & accurately imitat$ by admixture ( deep cadmium yell[ & :ite4 #dj4 ,,antimony ,,yell[1 ,z its "n d5otes1 0 likewise a prep>ation ( t metal1 ( a deep] col\r ?an ,naples yell[1 b simil> 9 its prop]ties4 ,x 0 pr9cipally us$ 9 enamel & porcela9 pa9t+1 & diff]$ greatly 9 t9t4 ,"o v>iety1 bright] ?an ! re/1 is /at$ n to h be5 affect$ by f\l air1 & !re=e c\ld n h _h a lead basis4 ,,o*res1 ,kn[n z ,yell[ ,o*re1 ,br[n ,o*re1 ,roman ,o*re1 ,transp>5t ,gold ,o*re1 ,ox=d ,o*re1 ,/one ,o*re1 ,di ,palito1 c41 are native e>?s1 consi/+ *iefly ( silica & alum9a 9 comb9ation ) iron1 :i* latt] =ms ! pr9cipal col\r+ matt]4 ,!y are among ! mo/ anci5t ( pigm5ts1 & _! p]man5cy is prov$ by ! /ate ( ! old pictures4 ,9 a box ( col\rs f\nd at ,pompeii1 & analyz$ by ,c\nt ,*aptal1 he discov]$ yell[ o*re purifi$ by wa%+1 :i* _h pres]v$ its orig9al fre%ness4 ,!y may all be produc$ artificially 9 endless v>iety z !y exi/ 9 nature1 & are all conv]t$ by burn+ into r$s or r$di%-br[ns4 ,sev]al o*res are f\nd 9 ! natural /ate ( s v f9e a quality1 t !y require no o!r prep>ation ?an t ( be+ wa%$4 ,_! col\rs may be imitat$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by means ( iron alone1 uncomb9$ ) silica & alum9a2 b su* f]rug9\s prep>ations are n equally durable1 & z _! *emical action is /rong]1 !y are m likely to affect ^? pigm5ts :i* are damag$ by iron4 ,x (t5 happ5s 9 col\rs t "o compon5t ( weak /ability1 or p[]ful = evil1 is /r5g!n$ & held 9 *eck by ano!r2 ?us 9 ! case ( ! o*res1 ! silica & alum9a by keep+ a tight h& on ! iron1 bo? ensure its safety1 & prev5t x injur+ o!rs4 #da4 ,,yell[ ,,o*re1 ,call$ also ,m9]al ,yell[1 is f\nd 9 mo/ c\ntries1 & abundantly 9 our own4 ,x diff]s mu* bo? 9 con/itution & col\r1 rang+ f a tol]ably bright ?\gh n vivid yell[ to a br[n-yell[1 & is g5]ally ( a w>m ca/4 ,its natural v>iety is mu* increas$ by artificial dress+ & comp\nd+4 ,! be/ yell[ o*res possess no great =ce1 b z f> z !y g are valuable pigm5ts1 p>ticul>ly 9 fresco & di/emp]1 be+ nei!r subject to *ange by ord9>y light1 nor s5sibly affect$ by impure air1 or ! action ( lime4 ,by "t1 h[ev]1 & ! direct rays ( ! sun1 !y are some:at d>k5$4 ,l o!r o*res1 !y may be safely us$ 9 admixture ) pigm5ts :i* are !mselves p]man5t4 ,) c>m9e & ! co*9eal lakes1 or int5se blue1 ! o*res are be/ n employ$4 ,! impunity ) :i* yell[ o*re be>s f\l gas is "o ( its _m recomm5dations4 ,no imm$iate effect :atev] is produc$ by sulphurett$ hydrog51 & only a slight dirty br[n t9t is imp>t$ by its prolong$ action4 ,?is discol\ration a %ort exposure to air & light quickly removes4 ,by keep+ ! o*re suffici5tly long 9 contact ) sulphide ( ammonium a jet black is obta9able1 b a rub ( x 9 a moi/ unwa%$ /ate completely rega9s its yell[ hue 9 a day or s4 ,h5ce1 yell[ o*re comp\nd$ ) pigm5ts :i* suff] f an impure atmosph]e d\btless acts z a pres]vative ag5t4 ,yell[ o*re is usually employ$ 9 ! di/ance & middle gr\nd ( a l&scape4 ,x possesses a slight degree ( turbidness1 & is e/eem$ = ?is prop]ty1 :i* is consid]$ to give x a retir+ quality4 ,by admixture ) ,antw]p blue or indigo x af=ds a f9e range ( quiet gre5s1 also a v s]viceable yell[i% drab ) ,v&yke br[n4 ,! o*re is valuable 9 w>m skies1 ! sails ( %ips & boats1 s&/one rocks & cliffs1 build+s1 hay1 %eep1 c4 ,x does n comp\nd k9dly ) any ( ! cold col\rs1 & %\ld !re=e be us$ z a wa% ov] o!rs t are dry1 :5 requir$ to qualify _! t9ts4 #db4 ,,roman ,,o*re ,is r deep] & m p[]ful ?an ! prec$+1 z well z m transp>5t & cool 9 t9t4 ,9 o!r respects x is simil>1 & =ms ) ,antw]p blue & indigo a l excell5t range ( gre5s4 ,we may obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t z indigo is n a p]man5t pigm5t1 ! col\rs x yields by admixture _c be durable z f> z ! blue is conc]n$4 ,roman o*re & br[n madd] are admirably adapt$ = r$ sails1 & autumnal effects ( foliage4 #dc4 ,,br[n ,,o*re1 ,likewise kn[n z ,spruce ,o*re & ,ocre de ,rue1 or1 m correctly ,ru1 is a d5se1 deep-ton$ br[ni% yell[1 f9e 9 s&y =egr\nds4 ,) ,indian yell[ x gives a d>k autumnal t9t ( great ri*ness1 b /able only z respects ! o*re4 ,:5 mix$ ) o!r col\rs1 x furni%es a s]ies ( ri* yet sob] tones ( ext5sive use4 ,x cov]s well1 )\t be+ too opaque2 & comp\nd$ ) black & a little br[n-r$ is good = backgr\nds1 c4 #dd4 ,,transp>5t ,,gold ,,o*re ,resembles 9 a great degree ,roman o*re1 b is cle>] 9 its t9ts1 & m transp>5t4 ,x is also bright] & mu* less opaque ?an yell[ o*re4 ,x approa*es some:at ! "* ( cle> bright raw si5na1 ?\gh m pure & brilliant1 s]v+ = /rong semi-transp>5t gre5s & sunny effects4 #de4 ,,ox=d ,,o*re ,is a native pigm5t f ! neighb\rhood ( ,ox=d1 semi-opaque1 ( a w>m yell[ col\r & s(t argillace\s texture1 absorb5t ( wat] & oil1 9 bo? ( :i* x may be safely employ$4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ ( yell[ o*res4 #df4 ,,/one ,,o*re ,has be5 conf\nd$ ) ! la/ v>iety1 to :i*1 z well z to ,roman o*re1 x is frequ5tly simil>4 ,true /one o*res are f\nd 9 balls or globul> masses ( v>i\s sizes 9 ! solid body ( /ones1 ly+ ne> ! surface ( rocks among ! qu>ries ( ,gl\ce/]%ire & else:]e4 ,^! balls are smoo? & compact1 9 g5]al free f grit1 & ( a p[d]y fracture4 ,!y v>y exce$+ly 9 col\r1 f yell[ to br[n1 murrey1 & gray1 b o!rwise d n diff] f ord9>y o*res4 ,9 enamel !y may be us$ = br[ns & dull r$s4 #dg4 ,,di ,,palito ,is a light yell[ o*re1 ) no special di/+ui%+ quality1 except t its t9ts are r pur] 9 col\r ?an mo/ o*res4 #dh4 ,,ori5t ,,yell[ ,is an entirely new prep>ation ( absolute p]man5ce1 & p]fectly unexceptionable 9 all respects1 bo? 9 wat] & oil4 ,we c give x no high] praise ?an by say+ x equals aureol9 9 /ability1 z well z 9 nei!r injur+1 nor be+ injur$ by1 o!r col\rs4 ,n possess$ ( ! same am\nt ( transp>5cy1 x is di/+ui%$ by great] ri*ness & dep?4 ,( a s(t gold5 hue1 lu/r\s & lum9\s1 x resembles a brilliant & some:at opaque ,indian yell[4 ,a gorge\s & durable sub/itute = t fugitive pigm5t is produc$ by comp\nd+ ! ori5t ) aureol91 or by us+ ! latt] z a glaze4 ,be+ m transp>5t ?an cadmiums & less obtrusive1 ! new yell[ is adapt$ = mell[ sunset & sunrise cl\ds1 or = sun%9e on di/ant m\nta9s4 ,) ,fr5* blue x af=ds a beautiful sea gre52 &1 mix$ ) aureol91 gives f9e foliage t9ts4 ,x is also eligible = drap]ies & illum9ation4 ,= enamell+ x is inadmissible1 ! col\r be+ de/roy$ by great heat2 b 9 fresco x may safely be employ$4 ,z 9 ! case ( aureol91 we h _h a prolong$ p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ?is new yell[1 an exp]i5ce :i* ju/ifies u 9 ass]t+ t !re is none m p]man5t4 ,9 ! :ole range ( arti/ic col\rs !re is no pigm5t less affect$ by *emical or physical ag5ts4 ,acid & ammoniacal fumes1 f\l gases1 & exposure to damp1 air1 light1 or sun%9e1 equally fail to injure x4 ,! p]fect impunity ) :i* x be>s ! action bo? ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 & sulphide ( ammonium is rem>kable4 ,! =m] gas may be cont9u\sly pass$ into ! col\r susp5d$ 9 wat]1 or a /rong solution ( ! latt] sulphide be p\r$ ^u x1 & ! yell[ rema9s un*ang$4 ,submitt$ to ! direct rays ( ! sun dur+ an entire summ]1 its lighte/ & fa9te/ t9ts h pres]v$ _! orig9al hue4 ,9 a prec$+ *apt] we rem>k$ t1 provid$ ! col\r be /able1 ! m col\r a pigm5t possesses ! bett]4 ,! lat5t col\r !re allud$ to1 is "o ( ! advantages ( ori5t yell[4 ,! m x is look$ into1 ! m col\r is se5--!re is no suspicion ( a base col\r$1 ! pigm5t is col\r itself4 #di4 ,,orpim5t1 ,also call$ ,k+'s ,yell[1 ,*9ese ,yell[1 ,yell[ ,orpim5t1 c41 0 kn[n 9 anci5t times3 ! ,romans call$ x auri pigm5tum or gold col\r1 :5ce1 by corruption1 its pres5t "n is d]iv$4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! native /ate 9 ,*9a & else:]e1 ! be/ quality be+ 9 masses1 consi/+ ( plates ( a f9e gold5 hue1 int]mix$ ) portions ( a v]milion or orange-r$ col\r2 ! inf]ior k9ds are yell[ or gre5i% yell[4 ,( orpim5t1 or sulphuret ( ars5ic1 :i* is produc$ artificially1 !re are two di/9ct v>ieties2 "o ( a bright pure yell[ t9t1 9 :i* ! sulphur pr$om9ates1 & "o ( an orange hue1 9 :i* ! ars5ic is 9 excess4 ,! =m] is ! mo/ la/+1 b x is n durable 9 wat]1 & /ill less s 9 oil1 al?\gh n discol\r$ by impure air4 ,comp\nd$ ) :ite lead x is soon de/roy$1 nor c x be mix$ ) any col\rs into :i* lead ent]s1 su* z *rome yell[1 ! old ,naples yell[1 c4 ,! sulphur 9 comb9ation ) ! ars5ic1 hav+ less aff9ity = t metal ?an = lead1 lets x g1 & =ms a sulphuret ( lead ( a d>k greyi% hue4 ,moreov]1 z orpim5t is apt to deprive o!r pigm5ts ( _! oxyg51 & !re=e to *ange & be *ang$ by all pigm5ts ^: col\r dep5ds on t elem5t--metallic pigm5ts especially--x is probable t ! orpim5t aft] "s "t )draws ! oxyg5 f ! lead2 & ?is w\ld be an additional cause = ! d>k5+ ( ! t9t compos$ ( ! two col\rs4 ,) sulphides or pigm5ts conta9+ sulphur1 orpim5t may be us$ ) less dang]4 ,if employ$ at all1 h[ev]1 x _h bett] be 9 a pure & unmix$ /ate4 ,we are f> f recomm5d+ orpim5t z an eligible col\r1 & x is highly poison\s4 ,brick du/ & yell[ o*re are sometimes f\nd z adult]ants4 #ej4 ,,raw ,,si5na1 ,kn[n likewise z ,raw ,si5na ,e>?1 ,t]ra di ,si5na1 c41 is a f]rug9\s native pigm5t1 firm 9 sub/ance1 ( a glossy fracture1 & v absorb5t4 ,x is ( r an impure yell[ col\r1 & mu* us$ 9 l&scape1 be+ v s]viceable bo? 9 di/ance & =egr\nd4 ,unless prop] skill is ex]cis$ 9 its prep>ation1 ! si5na has ! objection ( be+ some:at pa/y 9 work+4 ,be+ little liable to *ange by ! action ( ei!r light1 "t1 or impure air1 x may safely be employ$ accord+ to its p[]s1 9 oil1 wat]1 & o!r modes ( practice4 ,x possesses m body & transp>5cy ?an ! o*res2 & by burn+ becomes deep]1 orange-russet1 z well z m transp>5t & dry+4 ,raw si5na comp\nd$ ) cobalt1 indigo1 or ,prussian blue1 & a v little bi/re1 yields good sea gre5s1 t ) indigo be+ ! mo/ fugitive4 ,alone1 x is adapt$ = %ipp+1 sails1 baskets1 decay$ leaves1 brooks & runn+ /reams4 #ea4 ,,/rontian ,,yell[1 ,to ju/ify its "n1 %\ld be a *romate ( /rontia1 a comp\nd v slightly soluble 9 wat]1 & n m /able ?an ! z9c *romate4 ,! pigm5t1 h[ev]1 n[ sold z /rontian yell[ is usually =m$ by admixture1 & conta9s no /rontia :atev]4 ,its abs5ce _c be consid]$ a disadvantage1 = ! sub/itute possesses a durability to :i* ! orig9al c\ld lay no claim4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 we pref] an orig9al pigm5t to "o comp\nd$1 b a good mixture is decid$ly bett] ?an a bad orig9al4 ,a light primrose1 cle> & delicate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =ego+ comprise ^? yell[s m g5]ally employ$1 advis$ly or n1 z ! case may be4 ,! foll[+ are = ! mo/ "p n comm]cially obta9able1 a rem>k t w apply 9 ensu+ *apt]s to all numb]$ col\rs pr9t$ 9 italics4 ,z a rule1 ^! h become obsolete z pigm5ts1 or h nev] be5 introduc$ z su*4 ,! =m] c\ld n well be omitt$ 9 a "w ( ?is k9d1 & ! latt] des]ve notice z be+ at lea/ sugge/ive4 ,at pres5t1 _m ( !m mu/ be reg>d$ z m]e curiosities1 be+ obta9able only f mat]ials ( excessive r>ity4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 ! s\rces :5ce !y are d]iv$ may possibly be f\nd 9 great] abundance1 & ^! n[ fancy products prove ( value to ! palette4 ,! new metal indium1 = in/ance1 furni%es a bright yell[ sulphide1 l t ( cadmium4 ,! col\r c\ld n be affect$ by f\l air1 & might possess o!r advantages :i* w\ld r5d] indium yell[ a desirable pigm5t4 ,) reg>d to ^? comp\nds available = arti/ic use1 b :i* h n to our k be5 adopt$1 sev]al are q ineligible4 ,x may be ?\ght t !y are ne$lessly ref]r$ to1 b !y are m5tion$ z a w>n+ & a guide4 ,/range prep>ations h be5 (f]$ z pigm5ts1 & sometimes accept$1 witness turbi? m9]al1 iod9e yell[1 c4 ,9 ^! days ( *emi/ry !re is less *ance = !m1 b !y are cont9ually submitt$ to "o's notice1 _! m]its be+ enl>g$ ^u 9 proportion to _! wor?lessness4 ,?r\gh an exceptional ignorance !y may /ill ga9 a place1 & x has be5 deem$1 !re=e1 n sup]flu\s to allude to !m4 ,at ! same "t we d n pret5d to exhau/ ! li/1 any m ?an we claim to note all sub/ances possess+ col\r1 b yet n admissible z pigm5ts4 ,"s !re are :i* d n reta9 t col\r on dry+2 o!rs1 ^: prep>ation involves processes too nice1 complicat$1 or exp5sive1 = manufactur+ purposes4 ,!re are _m col\rs1 aga91 :i* exi/ only on pap]4 ,we h too (t5 f\nd ! imag9ations ( *emical writ]s f> m vivid ?an ! col\rs !y describe4 ,gorge\s yell[s turn out d+y drabs2 dazzl+ sc>lets dirty r$s2 & brilliant blues dusky slates4 ,z respects col\rs1 mo/ books ( sci5ce ne$ revis+4 #eb4 ,ars5ic ,yell[1 ,call$ also ,m9]al ,yell[1 has improp]ly be5 class$ z an orpim5t1 f :i* x diff]s 9 n be+ a sulphide1 & 9 conta9+ lead4 ,x is prep>$ f ars5ic flux$ ) li?>ge1 & r$uc$ to p[d]4 ,x is mu* l orpim5t 9 col\r1 dries bett]1 & n be+ affect$ by lead1 is less liable to *ange 9 t9t4 ,! pres5ce ( ! li?>ge1 h[ev]1 r5d]s x subject to be black5$ by sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,( c\rse x is poison\s4 #ec4 ,bismu? ,yell[1 ,or *romate ( bismu?1 may be obta9$ ei!r z a lemon or an orange yell[1 sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]4 ,! col\r is n p]man5t1 & turns gre5i%-br[n ev5 :5 exclud$ f light & air4 #ed4 ,copp] ,yell[1 ,or *romate ( copp]-potassa1 is ( a bright yell[ t9t1 n insoluble 9 wat]4 ,x is discol\r$ bo? by f\l gas & exposure4 #ee4 ,gelb9's ,yell[1 ,or *romate ( lime1 is a pale :iti% yell[1 poor 9 col\r1 p>tly soluble1 & n at all to be dep5d$ on4 #ef4 ,indium ,yell[4 ,:e!r ! new metal indium w ev] be f\nd 9 suffici5t quantity to r5d] x practically useful rema9s to be se54 ,! mo/ abundant s\rce at pres5t kn[n is ! ,freib]g bl5de1 #ajj1jjj p>ts ( :i* only yield f tw5ty-five to =ty p>ts ( indium4 ,! metal is *iefly int]e/+ 9 an arti/ic s5se on acc\nt ( its sulphide1 a f9e bright yell[ resembl+ cadmium1 & be/ obta9$ by precipitat+ an acetic acid solution ) sulphurett$ hydrog51 or sulphide ( ammonium4 ,9 ! latt]1 ! yell[ dissolves on be+ heat$1 b deposits aga9 on cool+ ( a r pal] t9t4 ,) "o modification1 :at 0 said 9 a =m] edition ( ?is ,treatise conc]n+ cadmium yell[ may be repeat$ ( indium yell[4 ,! metal f :i* x is prep>$ be+ hi!rto sc>ce1 x has n be5 employ$ z a pigm5t1 & its habits are n !re=e asc]ta9$4 ,all we c tell is1 t ! col\r does n suff] f impure air4 ,indium is likewise di/+ui%$ by a /raw-yell[ oxide4 #eg4 ,iod9e ,yell[1 ,or iodide ( lead1 is "o ( ^? comp\nds ^: pres5ce on ! palette %\ld nev] h be5 all[$4 ,exce$+ly brilliant1 x is also utt]ly fugitive1 de/roy$ by exposure or f\l gas1 & useless 9 admixture4 ,we may /ate "h t1 :atev] its col\r1 no pigm5t conta9+ iod9e c 9 ! slighte/ degree be reli$ ^u4 ,"o ( ! mo/ un/able ( sub/ances1 be+ sl[ly volatile ev5 at common temp]atures1 iod9e is or ought to be q inadmissible z a con/itu5t4 ,comb9$ ) lead1 :i* is 9 itself objectionable1 x =ms a yell[ possess+ e bad quality4 #eh4 ,iron ,yell[1 ,or oxalate ( protoxide ( iron1 has v unadvis$ly be5 recomm5d$ z a pigm5t4 ,x is a bright pale yell[1 b soon loses ! beauty ( its t9t :5 submitt$ to air & light1 becom+1 by p]oxidation1 r$ & buffy4 ,ev5 9 a book ! col\r *anges4 #ei4 ,madd] ,yell[4 ,z our 7! ,editor's7 exp]i5ce ( ?is product is some:at at v>iance ) t ( ! au?or1 we subjo9 8 orig9al /atem5t4 ,madd] yell[ is a prep>ation f ! madd]-root4 ,! be/ is ( a bright col\r1 resembl+ ,indian yell[1 b m p[]ful & transp>5t1 ?\gh h>dly equal to x 9 durability ( hue2 metallic1 t]r5e1 & alkal9e sub/ances act+ on & r$d5+ x z !y d gamboge3 ev5 alone x has by "t a natural t5d5cy to become orange & foxy4 ,we h produc$ x ( v>i\s hues & t9ts1 f an opaque & o*r\s yell[1 to a col\r ! mo/ brilliant1 transp>5t1 & deep4 ,^u ! :ole1 h[ev]1 aft] an exp]i5ce ( _m ye>s1 we d n consid] !m eligible pigm5ts4 ,:ile agree+ ) ,mr4 ,field z to ! "* giv5 ( ^! yell[s1 we mu/ confess t we h nev] be5 able to obta91 nor h we ev] se51 a mo/ brilliant madd] yell[4 ,col\rs be>+ t "n h come "u our notice1 b if _! hue 0 pure & vivid1 !y h always prov$ to be falsely s call$1 ! madd] be+ conspicu\s by its abs5ce4 ,:at we h succe$$ 9 produc+1 & ! g5u9e samples we h met )1 h be5 fawns1 buffs1 drabs1 c41 decid$ly o*r\s yell[s1 & want+ 9 /ability4 ,x is c]ta9 t no true madd] yell[1 brilliant & pure1 ranks z a pigm5t at ! pres5t day4 ,a v>iety kn[n z ,cory's ,yell[ ,madd] may be briefly describ$ z ,cory's ,br[n ,madd]4 #fj4 ,massicot1 ,or ,ma/icot1 is a protoxide ( lead1 v>y+ f ! pure/ & mo/ t5d] /raw col\r to a dull orange yell[1 & kn[n z ,light1 ,yell[1 & ,gold5 ,massicot4 ,x has 9 pa9t+ all ! prop]ties ( :ite lead1 f :i* x may be prep>$ by g5tle calc9ation 9 an op5 furnace4 ,9 t9t ) t pigm5t1 h[ev]1 x soon loses its col\r & returns to :ite1 probably extract+ "s c>bonic acid !refrom4 ,if us$ 9 an unmix$ /ate1 x is p]man5t 9 oil "u ! same conditions z :ite lead1 b %\ld n be employ$ 9 wat]1 on acc\nt ( its *ang+ ev5 to blackness by ! action ( damp or impure air4 ,x is an admirable dry]1 & has mu* ! same effect z li?>ge 9 r5d]+ oils siccative4 ,li?>ge is m]ely fus$ massicot4 ,old writ]s speak ( li?>ge ( silv] & li?>ge ( gold1 oxides ( lead1 pale & r$di% yell[ respectively4 ,comm]cial li?>ge1 especially t :i* is =eign1 conta9s sometimes a consid]able proportion ( oxide ( copp] & iron4 ,! pr9cipal impurity1 h[ev]1 is g5]ally silica1 left undissolv$ on treat+ ! li?>ge ) nitric or acetic acid4 ,li?>ge is commonly us$ 9 prep>+ dry+ oils1 :i* conta9 a great] or less am\nt ( ! oxide 9 ! =m ( oleate ( lead4 ,oils made siccative by means ( li?>ge are !re=e liable to be damag$ by f\l gas4 ,x is a matt] ( congratulation t su* injury is n la/+1 & t ! oil1 l :ite lead1 recov]s its orig9al col\r on exposure to air & light4 ,"s dry+ oil :i* we expos$ on a tile to an atmosph]e ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 until x 0 completely black5$1 rega9$ its =m] yell[ hue on be+ submitt$ = a day or s to air & light4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh ! employm5t ( lead z a siccative is n desirable1 its effects are n s delet]i\s z might be imag9$4 #fa4 ,pat5t ,yell[1 ,turn]'s ,yell[1 ,montpelli] ,yell[1 ,m9]al ,yell[1 ,cassel ,yell[1 c41 is a mixture ( *loride & oxide ( lead1 obta9able ei!r z a pale or a deep yell[4 ,x is a h>d1 pond]\s1 sp>kl+ sub/ance1 ( a cry/all9e texture & bright col\r2 h>dly inf]ior1 :5 gr\nd1 to *rome yell[4 ,( an excell5t body1 & work+ well 9 oil & wat]1 b soon injur$ bo? by ! sun's light & impure air4 ,a v>iety1 m5tion$ by ,mrime1 9 :i* bismu? & antimony are also us$1 is ( great] durability4 #fb4 ,plat9um ,yell[4 ,our own op9ion ( ?is co/ly prep>ation is t ! good qualities ( ! product d n ju/ify its price4 ,x may be obta9$ z a bright1 ri*1 deep yell[1 ( consid]able transp>5cy2 b ! col\r is act$ ^u by f\l gas & exposure4 ,ev5 9 a book we h f\nd x assume a dirty greyi% ca/1 & a specim5 :i* _h be5 kept 9 a draw]1 wrapp$ up 9 pap]1 became p]fectly black 9 a few ye>s4 ,! pres5ce ( palladium int]f]es ) ! beauty ( ! orig9al t9t1 b does n affect its /ability4 #fc4 ,?allium ,yell[4 ,! new metal ?allium yields 9 comb9ation ) *romic acid two yell[ col\rs1 a pale & an orange4 ,!y are n absolutely insoluble 9 wat]1 & ! sulphide ( ?allium be+ br[n1 w\ld probably be damag$ by impure air4 ,b :atev] _! prop]ties z pigm5ts may be1 _! habitudes z su* are n yet kn[n4 ,! pres5t sc>city ( ! metal r5d]s ! col\rs produc$ f x m]e sci5tific curiosities4 #fd4 ,?waites' ,yell[4 ,"u ?is "n *romate ( cadmium 0 introduc$ "s few ye>s back4 ,if well prep>$1 x is a f9e s(t p[d] ( a v vivid light yell[ col\r4 ,! comp\nd is too soluble1 h[ev]1 to be ( value1 its wa%+s ev5 ) cold wat] be+ cont9ually t+$ yell[4 ,h5ce x turns gre5 aft] a "t1 & becomes o!rwise discol\r$4 ,l citron yell[ & o!r *romates apt to assume a gre5 ca/1 x %\ld only be employ$1 if at all1 :5 comp\nd$ = foliage t9ts1 c4 ,?is want ( durability is to be regrett$1 = a good sample ( cadmium *rome is m>k$ by exce$+ beauty1 unsurpass$ = cle>ness & purity by any o!r yell[4 #fe4 ,turbi? ,m9]al1 ,or ,que5's ,yell[1 is a subsulphate ( m]cury1 ( a beautiful lemon yell[ col\r1 b s liable to *ange by ! action ( light or impure air1 t x _c be us$ safely1 & h>dly des]ves att5tion z a pigm5t4 #ff4 ,uranium ,yell[ ,c be produc$ ( a pale or orange t9t1 diff]+ 9 brightness & dep? ( col\r accord+ to ! mode ( prep>ation4 ,x is fairly eligible z a pigm5t1 & f> sup]ior to ! _m fugitive comp\nds :i* h f "t to "t appe>$4 ,be+ v exp5sive1 h[ev]1 & n possess+ ! good qualities ( its compe]s lately introduc$1 uranium yell[ has b little *ance ( be+ employ$ n[4 #fg4 ,yell[ ,c>m9e ,is a ri* transp>5t col\r1 some:at resembl+ an o*re comp\nd$ ) ,indian yell[4 ,on exposure to light1 x behaves mu* z a mixture ( ^? pigm5ts w\ld d1 ! ri* yell[ness entirely disappe>+1 & ! sob]-col\r$ e>? be+ left beh9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f sev]al metals besides ^? m5tion$1 yell[s m or less vivid & durable may be obta9$--f t91 nickel1 c]ium1 molybd5um1 c42 b we d n "k t any "o ( !m w\ld be a really desirable addition4 ,to ju/ify its be+ br\ght out1 a new pigm5t %\ld own "s special advantage1 *emical or arti/ic1 by :i* x may be di/+ui%$ f o!r col\rs4 ,no purpose w\ld be answ]$ by cr[d+ ! palette ) m]e repetitions1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 /able4 ,if1 = in/ance1 indium yell[ 7 f\nd exactly simil> to t ( cadmium1 9 col\r1 opacity1 p]man5ce1 its pres5ce w\ld be q sup]flu\s4 ,! mi/ake is (t5 made ( (f]+ a fre% comp\nd = a pigm5t :5 some?+ z good or bett]1 & *eap] may be1 already exi/s4 ,we rememb] a pati5t exp]im5t]1 :o _h produc$ a p9k f cobalt1 wond]+ :y 8 col\r %\ld be s g5]ally decl9$4 ,! product 0 n want+ 9 ei!r beauty or /ability1 b he =got t ! lakes ( madd] 7 f> m beautiful1 at lea/ z durable1 & mu* less exp5sive4 ,we h said t we d n jo9 9 ! cry ( !re be+ too _m pigm5ts1 or %>e ! op9ion t !re is n room = m1 b we d en=ce ! necessity ( progress4 ,let u h z _m good col\rs z possible1 b let ! new be sup]ior to ! old1 & all be di/9ct f ea* o!r4 ,z f> z yell[s are conc]n$1 ! palette possesses bo? v>iety & durability4 ,opaque or transp>5t1 bright or subdu$1 deep or pale1 x pres5ts a suffici5cy ( p]man5t pigm5ts4 ,mo/ notewor?y are aureol91 ! deep & 'pale' cadmiums1 lemon yell[1 ,m>s yell[1 ! mod]n ,naples yell[1 ! o*res1 ori5t yell[1 & raw si5na4 ,:e!r us$ alone or 9 t9t ^! are1 if g5u9e1 p]fectly reliable1 & comprise ! li/ ( ^? durable col\rs :i* may be call$ pigm5ts ( ! fir/ class4 ,among pigm5ts ( ! second class1 or ! semi-/able1 gamboge holds ! =emo/ place1 = al?\gh n /rictly durable 9 itself1 x conduces to ! p]man5ce ( o!r col\rs4 ,*rome yell[s1 citron yell[1 /rontian yell[1 & ,?waites' yell[1 also belong to ?is division4 ,z ?ird class pigm5ts1 or ! fugitive1 mu/ be rank$ ,mutrie yell[ & o!r lemon cadmiums1 ! true gall/one1 ,indian yell[1 ! lakes1 orpim5t1 ,gelb9's yell[1 massicot1 pat5t yell[1 & turbi? m9]al4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t ^! ?ree classes are subject to modification4 ,a durable pigm5t may be s adult]at$ z to desc5d to ! second or ev5 ! ?ird division1 :ile a semi-/able or fugitive col\r may be replac$ by a p]man5t or comp>atively p]man5t sub/itute1 z 9 ! case ( /rontian yell[ & gall/one4 ,x %\ld likewise be rememb]$ t pigm5ts are apt to v>y 9 /ability accord+ to ! mode ( _! prep>ation2 & t1 z !re are diff]5t degrees ( p]man5ce1 !re are diff]5t degrees ( fugacity4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,on ,,! ,,prim>y1 ,,r$4 ,r$ is ! second & int]m$iate ( ! prim>y col\rs1 /&+ betwe5 yell[ & blue2 & is also 9 l int]m$iate relation to :ite & black1 or light & %ade4 ,h5ce r$ is pre-em95t among col\rs1 z well z ! mo/ positive ( all1 =m+ ) yell[ ! second>y orange & its ne> relatives1 sc>let1 c42 & ) blue1 ! second>y purple & its allies1 crimson1 c4 ,x gives "s degree ( w>m? to all col\rs1 especially to ^? :i* p>take ( yell[4 ,r$ is ! ar*eus1 or pr9cipal col\r 9 ! t]ti>y russet2 ent]s subord9ately into ! two o!r t]ti>ies1 citr9e & olive2 goes l>gely into ! composition ( ! v>i\s hues & %ades ( ! semi-neutral m>rone or *ocolate1 & its relations1 puce1 murrey1 morelle1 mordore1 pompad\r1 c42 & is m or less pres5t 9 br[ns1 grays1 & all brok5 col\rs4 ,x is likewise ! second p[] 9 h>moniz+ & contra/+ o!r col\rs1 z well z 9 comp\nd+ black & all o!r neutrals1 into :i* x ent]s 9 ! proportion ( five1--to blue1 eight1--& yell[1 ?ree4 ,r$ is a col\r ( d\ble p[] 9 ?is respect too2 t1 9 union or connexion ) yell[1 x becomes hot & advanc+2 b mix$ or comb9$ ) blue1 cool & retir+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m cong5ial ) yell[ ?an ) blue1 & !nce p>takes m ( ! "* ( ! =m] 9 its effects ( w>m?1 ! influ5ce ( light & di/ance1 & action on ! eye1 by :i* ! p[] ( vision is dim9i%$ on view+ ?is col\r 9 a /rong light4 ,on ! o!r h&1 r$ appe>s to deep5 9 col\r rapidly 9 a decl9+ light z night comes on1 or 9 %ade4 ,^! qualities ( r$ give x great importance1 r5d] x difficult ( managem5t1 & require x to be g5]ally kept subord9ate 9 pa9t+4 ,x is !re=e r>ely us$ unbrok51 z ! rul+ or pr$om9at+ col\r1 or = ton+ a picture2 on :i* acc\nt x w always seem deta*$ or insulat$1 unless repeat$ & subord9at$4 ,h5ce ,nature is sp>+ ) h] r$1 employ+ x ) z mu* res]ve 9 ! decoration ( h] works z %e is pr(use 9 lavi%+ gre5 ^u !m4 ,?is latt] is ( all col\rs ! mo/ soo?+ to ! eye1 & ! true contra/+ or h>moniz+ equival5t ( r$1 9 ! proportional quantity ( elev5 to five1 accord+ to surface or int5sity3 be+1 :5 ! r$ incl9es to sc>let or orange1 a blue-gre52 & :5 x t5ds to crimson or purple1 a yell[-gre54 ,r$ breaks & diffuses ) :ite ) peculi> lovel9ess4 ,x is discordant :5 /&+ ) orange only1 requir+ to be jo9$ or accompani$ by _! prop] contra/1 to resolve or h>monize ! dissonance4 ,9 l&scapes1 c41 ab\nd+ ) hues alli$ to gre51 a r$ object prop]ly plac$ z reg>ds light1 %ade1 or di/ance1 conduces wond]fully to ! life1 beauty1 h>mony1 & connexion ( ! col\r+4 ,r$ is1 inde$1 ! *ief elem5t ( beauty 9 floral nature1 ! prime ornam5t ( ! gre5 g>b ( ! vegetal k+dom4 ,be+ ! mo/ positive ( col\rs1 & hold+ ! middle /ation ( ! prim>ies1 r$ contra/s & h>monizes ) black & :ite1 :i* are ! negative p[]s or neutrals ( col\rs1 & ! extremes ( ! scale4 ,moreov]1 z r$ is less ne>ly alli$ to black or %ade ?an to :ite or light1 ?is h>mony is mo/ rem>kable 9 ! union or opposition ( :ite & r$1 & ?is contra/ mo/ p[]ful 9 black & r$4 ,z a prim>y & simple col\r1 r$ _c be compos$ by mixture ( o!r col\rs4 ,s mu* is x ! in/rum5t ( beauty 9 nature & art 9 fle%1 fl[]s1 c41 t good pigm5ts ( ?is g5us are mo/ indisp5sable4 ,on ! :ole1 ! palette _c be consid]$ s well furni%$ ) r$s z ) yell[s4 ,especially is !re want+ a p]man5t transp>5t sc>let1 a col\r = :i* a prize ( #ejj has = _m ye>s be5 (f]$ by ! ,society ( ,arts4 #fh4 ,,cadmium ,,r$4 ,! deep1 pale1 & lemon yell[s :i* cadmium at fir/ af=d$1 7 foll[$ by an orange1 :i* has q rec5tly be5 succe$$ by a r$4 ,?is is a mo/ vivid orange-sc>let1 ! r$ pr$om9at+1 ( exce$+ dep?1 & int5se fire4 ,x is a simple orig9al pigm5t1 conta9+ no base b cadmium1 & possess+ a l>ge am\nt ( lat5t col\r4 ,x is m orange 9 hue ?an v]milion1 & has ! advantages ( fl[+ & dry+ well1 ( great] brilliancy1 ( reta9+ t brilliancy :5 dry1 & ( consid]able transp>5cy4 ,h5ce ?is r$ is pref]ably employ$ :]e opacity is to be avoid$--9 sunset cl\ds = in/ance4 ,z day decl9es or by artificial light1 ! col\r approa*es v ne>ly to a deep pure sc>let2 & ! be/ sub/itute = a p]man5t transp>5t sc>let :i* has yet be5 obta9$ is furni%$ by admixture ( cadmium r$ ) madd] c>m9e1 or by us+ ! latt] z a glaze4 ,comp\nd$ ) :ite1 ! r$ yields a s]ies ( f9e fle% t9ts2 & x mixes readily & safely ) o!r col\rs4 ,)\t h>%ness or rankness1 nei!r injur$ by an impure atmosph]e nor exposure to light & air1 cadmium r$ is eligible 9 e dep>tm5t ( art1 enamel pa9t+ only except$4 ,9 illum9ation1 ! r$ contra/$ by viridian w be f\nd mo/ beautiful & effective4 ,see+ t previ\s to its introduction ! numb] ( bright r$s1 n be+ crimson1 nor ( a crimson ca/1 0 limit$ to v]milions1 pure sc>let1 r$ *rome1 & r$ lead1 ( :i* ! fir/ alone 7 p]man5t1 !re 0 room on ! palette = a /rictly durable & some:at transp>5t pigm5t l cadmium r$1 ) its _m di/9ctive prop]ties4 ,,co*9eal ,,lakes4 ,lake1 a t]m d]iv$ f ! lac or lacca ( ,india1 is ! "n ( a numb] ( transp>5t r$ & o!r col\r$ pigm5ts ( great beauty1 prep>$ = ! mo/ "p by precipitat+ col\r$ t9ctures ( dye+ drugs ^u alum9\s bases4 ,consequ5tly1 ! lakes =m a num]\s class1 bo? ) respect to ! v>iety ( _! appellations1 & ! sub/ances :5ce !y are produc$4 ,^? "u notice are kn[n z ,c>m9e1 ,crimson ,lake1 ,sc>let ,lake1 ,purple ,lake1 ,*9ese ,lake1 ,flor5t9e ,lake1 ,hamburgh ,lake1 ,roman ,lake1 ,v5etian ,lake1 c41 & are obta9$ f ! coccus cacti1 an insect f\nd on a species ( cactus1 f ! juice ( :i* x extracts its n\ri%m5t4 ,?is coccus is a native ( ,mexico1 :]e two k9ds are recognis$1 "u names :i* signify wild co*9eal & f9e co*9eal4 ,! latt] may be consid]$ a cultivat$ product1 its food & wants be+ c>efully att5d$ to1 :ile ! =m] is left 9 a natural /ate1 & is less valuable4 ,wild co*9eal is di/+ui%$ by hav+ a woolly d[ny coat1 :i* is n ! case ) ! f9e co*9eal4 ,! females1 ( :i* !re are f "o hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ = ea* male1 are m>k$ by ! abs5ce ( w+s1 & con/itute ! comm]cial article4 ,!y are g5]ally kill$ by imm]sion 9 boil+ wat]1 :i* causes !m to swell to twice _! natural size1 & are !n dri$ & pack$ = m>ket4 ,! insects %rivel 9 dry+1 & assume ! =m ( irregul> gra9s1 flut$ & concave4 ,! be/ sorts h a silv]y-grey col\r1 ) a purpli% reflection1 & seem to be du/$ ) a :ite p[d]4 ,?is appe>ance is (t5 giv5 by means ( heavy sp>1 c>bonate ( lead1 ,v5ice talc1 c4 ,a good l5s1 h[ev]1 w mo/ly expose ! fraud2 or x may be detect$ by mac]at+ ! insect 9 wat]1 & all[+ ! loos5$ pulv]is$ p>ticles to settle4 ,co*9eal is a v ri* col\r+ sub/ance1 yield+ ab\t half its weight ( real col\r+ matt]1 :i* may be easily extract$ by boil+ 9 wat]4 ,dr4 ,w>r5 ,de ,la ,rue1 :o exam9$ ! liv+ animal1 /ates t on pi]c+ ! side ( ! insect a purpli%-r$ fluid exud$1 conta9+ ! col\r+ matt] 9 m9ute granules4 ,?is col\r+ matt] he succe$$ 9 obta9+ pure1 9 ! =m ( a purple-br[n friable mass1 pulv]izable to a f9e r$ p[d]1 transp>5t :5 view$ by ! microscope1 & soluble bo? 9 wat] & alcohol 9 all proportions4 ,at temp]atures above #acf x decompos$1 & by alkalies its col\r 0 turn$ to purple4 ,^! facts acc\nt = ! c>e requir$ 9 dry+ co*9eal lakes1 & = _! liability to *ange ( hue :5 9 contact ) alkal9e sub/ances1 z 9 mural decoration4 ,! lakes ( co*9eal may be kn[n f ^? ( ! dye-woods by _! solubility 9 ammonia1 a liquid :i* purples b does n dissolve ! col\rs produc$ f ! latt]4 #fi4 ,,c>m9e4 ,a "n once giv5 only to ! f9e fecul5ces ( k]mes & co*9eal t9ctures1 n[ d5otes g5]ally any pigm5t :i* resembles !m 9 beauty1 ri*ness ( hue1 & p[d]y texture4 ,we h1 !re=e1 blue & o!r col\r$ c>m9es1 ?\gh ! t]m is usually conf9$ to ! crimson & sc>let lakes ( co*9eal4 ,z at pres5t commonly und]/ood1 c>m9e is t prep>ation ( co*9eal :i* conta9s ! mo/ col\r+ matt] & ! lea/ alum9\s base4 ,h5ce x is ! ri*e/1 deepe/1 mo/ int5se1 & mo/ p]man5t4 ,al?\gh n to be class$ z durable1 yet by reason ( its extreme dep?1 c>m9e is m /able ?an ! weak] crimson1 sc>let1 & purple lakes4 ,:5 well-made1 pure1 & employ$ alone & 9 body1 x has be5 kn[n to reta9 its col\r = ye>s1 especially if protect$ by oil or v>ni%4 ,9 t9t ) :ite lead1 h[ev]1 x has no /ability2 & ?\gh little affect$ by impure air1 9 glaz+ x is soon discol\r$ & de/roy$ by ! action ( light4 ,( great p[] 9 its full t\*es1 x possesses consid]able cle>ness 9 ! pale wa%es1 & works admirably4 ,9 l&scape1 c>m9e is seldom us$1 ! col\r be+ *iefly valu$ 9 fl[] pa9t+ & illum9ation4 ,x has be5 errone\sly /at$ t ! f9e/ c>m9es _c be made 9 ,engl&1 ow+ to a want ( cle>ness 9 ! atmosph]e & a sc>city ( sun%9e4 ,= _m ye>s1 h[ev]1 !y h be5 produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 n only f9] ?an any =eign prep>ations1 b equally good 9 w9t] z 9 summ]4 ,c>m9e is sometimes sophi/icat$ ) />*1 v]milion1 & ) alum9a n =m$ 9 ! process ( manufacture4 ,occasionally also1 a portion ( ! animal matt] ( ! co*9eal f :i* x has be5 obta9$ is left mix$ ) x4 ,^! accid5tal or int5tional impurities may mo/ly be detect$ by heat+ ! c>m9e ) liquid ammonia1 :i* entirely dissolves ! col\r+ matt] & leaves ! impurities 9 an insoluble /ate4 #gj4 ,,crimson ,,lake ,is a co*9eal pigm5t conta9+ m alum9\s base ?an c>m9e1 & is consequ5tly weak] 9 col\r & less /able4 ,defici5t 9 mu* ( ! dep? & brilliancy :i* belong to ! latt]1 x is m commonly employ$ & m g5]ally useful4 ,?is lake is ( s]vice 9 mix+ t9ts1 to imp>t ri*ness1 9 fl[] pa9t+ & illum9ation1 & is1 l all co*9eal col\rs1 ( great] utility 9 wat] ?an 9 oil4 ,) cobalt & gamboge x yields an excell5t gray1 & ) cobalt alone a f9e purple = hea!r4 ,di/ant hills may be /r5g!n$ ) a t9t ( ,fr5* blue & lake1 & ,v&yke br[n ) ! crimson w be f\nd admirable = a ri* col\r$ =egr\nd4 ,_m o!r beautiful t9ts1 unexceptionable 9 an arti/ic s5se1 are af=d$ by crimson lake on admixture4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t n "o ( !m is p]man5t z f> z ! lake is conc]n$4 ,all co*9eal pigm5ts are m or less affect$ by /rong light1 :i* weak5s _! t9ts1 & 9 "t deprives !m ( col\r2 & x is n by be+ comp\nd$ t a fugitive col\r is r5d]$ durable4 #ga4 ,,sc>let ,,lake ,is prep>$ 9 ! =m ( drops f co*9eal1 & is ( a f9e transp>5t r$ col\r & excell5t body1 ?\gh1 l o!r lakes1 x dries sl[ly4 ,discol\r$ & de/roy$ by /rong light bo? 9 wat] & oil1 & n p]man5t 9 t9t ) :ite lead or 9 comb9ation ) o!r pigm5ts1 x possesses ! common attributes ( co*9eal lakes4 ,yet :5 well prep>$1 us$ 9 suffici5t body1 & n unduly expos$1 x has be5 f\nd to la/ a l5g!n$ p]iod2 b x ought nev] to be employ$ 9 glaz+1 nor at all 9 works t aim at high reputation & /ability4 ,x is 9 g5]al t9t$ ) v]milion1 :i* has probably be5 mix$ ) lakes at all times to give _! sc>let hue & add to _! weight2 = ^u exam9+ ) a p[]ful l5s "s f9e pictures ( anci5t ma/]s1 9 :i* lake _h be5 us$ 9 glaz+1 p>ticles ( v]milion 7 app>5t1 f :i* lake _h evid5tly fl[n4 ,un=tunately1 ^! lakes are injur$ by v]milion z !y are by lead1 s t glaz+s ( co*9eal ov] v]milion or lead are p>ticul>ly apt to vani%4 ,?is effect is v rem>kable 9 sev]al pictures ( ,cuyp1 :]e he has introduc$ a figure 9 r$ f :i* ! %ad[s h disappe>$1 ow+ to _! hav+ be5 =m$ ) lake ov] v]milion4 ,! sc>let hue ( ?is lake %\ld prop]ly be imp>t$ to x dur+ ! process ( manufacture1 & n by subsequ5t me*anical admixture4 #gb4 ,,purple ,,lake ,is a species ( crimson lake ) a purple ca/1 transp>5t & deep-ton$1 & useful 9 %ad[s3 9 o!r respects resembl+ t pigm5t4 ,r$ be+ its pr$om9ant col\r1 we h pref]r$ class+ ?is s-call$ purple among ! r$s1 9 spite ( its "n4 ,on ! :ole x is m durable ?an crimson lake4 #gc4 ,,flor5t9e ,,lake ,diff]s f sc>let lake only 9 ! mode ( prep>ation4 ,=m]ly ! lake s call$ 0 extract$ f ! %r$s ( sc>let clo?4 ,! same may be said ( ,*9ese ,lake4 #gd4 ,,hamburgh ,,lake ,is a lake ( great p[] & dep? ( col\r1 purpli% or incl9+ to crimson1 :i* dries ) extreme difficulty1 b diff]s 9 no o!r ess5tial respect f prec$+ co*9eal lakes--an obs]vation :i* applies to ,roman ,lake1 ,v5etian ,lake1 & _m o!rs2 none ( :i*1 h[ev] beautiful or reput$1 is entitl$ to ! "* ( /ability ei!r 9 hue1 %ade1 or t9t4 #ge4 ,,dragon',s ,,blood ,is a res9 br\ght f ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,x is ( a w>m semi-transp>5t1 r dull r$ col\r1 :i* is deep5$ by impure air1 & d>k5$ by light4 ,!re are two or ?ree sorts1 b t 9 drops is ! be/4 ,:ite lead soon de/roys x1 & 9 oil x dries ) extreme difficulty4 ,x is sometimes us$ to col\r v>ni%es & lack]s1 be+ soluble 9 oils & alcohol4 ,al?\gh x has be5 recomm5d$ z a pigm5t1 dragon's blood does n m]it ! att5tion ( ! arti/4 #gf4 ,,indian ,,lake1 ,likewise call$ ,lac ,lake4 ,?is is obta9$ f ! lac or lacca ( ,india1 a res9\s secretion :i* seems to dep5d ^u ! puncture ( a small insect--coccus ficus--made = ! sake ( deposit+ its ova on ! bran*es ( sev]al plants1 f\nd 9 ,siam1 ,assam1 & ,b5gal4 ,! twigs soon become encru/$ ) a mammelat$ sub/ance ( a r$ col\r m or less deep1 ne>ly transp>5t1 h>d1 & hav+ a brilliant con*oidal fracture4 ,! r\ghly-prep>$ coat+ is import$ 9 two =ms1 call$ lac-lake & lac-dye1 :i* conta9 ab\t #ej p] c5t ( col\r+ matt]1 comb9$ ) m or less res91 & ) e>?y matt]s1 consi/+ *iefly ( c>bonate & sulphate ( lime & silica4 ,indian lake is ri*1 transp>5t1 & deep1--less brilliant & m durable ?an ! col\rs ( co*9eal1 b inf]ior 9 bo? respects to ^? ( madd]4 ,us$ ?ickly or 9 /rong glaz+1 z a %ad[ col\r1 x is ( great body & mu* p]man5ce2 b 9 ?9 glaz+ x *anges & flies1 z x also does 9 t9t ) :ite lead4 ,9 ! prop]ties ( dry+1 c41 x resembles o!r lakes4 ,! pigm5t may be disp5s$ ) 9 fav\r ( madd] lake & madd] br[n1 ^: comb9ations s]ve = e purpose to :i* x c be appli$1 & are /able4 ,lac appe>s to be ! lake :i* has /ood be/ 9 old pictures1 & 0 probably employ$ by ! ,v5etians1 :o _h ! trade ( ,india :5 pa9t+ fl\ri%$ at ,v5ice4 ,,madd] ,,lakes4 ,rubric ,lakes1 or ,field's ,lakes1 are d]iv$ f ! root ( rubia t9ctorum1 a plant l>gely gr[n 9 ,france & ,holl&1 :5ce ! bulk ( t us$ 9 ,engl& is obta9$4 ,! ,fr5* madd]s are 9 a /ate ( v f9e p[d]1 conta9+ "o half _! weight ( gum1 sug>1 salts1 & o!r soluble sub/ances1 :i* wat] spe$ily dissolves4 ,madd] roots 9 ! ungr\nd /ate are import$ f ! ,levant1 & call$ ,turkey roots4 ,good qualities ( ,turkey madd] yield ne> sixty p] c5t ( extractive matt]s1 a t]m t includes ev]y?+ removable by wat] & dilute alkalis3 ! woody fibre is !re=e ab\t =ty p] c5t4 ,?is is presum+ ! root to be g5u9e1 = madd] is (t5 adult]at$ ) brickdu/1 r$ o*re1 r$ s&1 clay1 mahogany sawdu/1 logwood1 s&al & japan-wood1 & bran4 ,unlike co*9eal1 madd] possesses sev]al col\r+ matt]s2 ! "q ( :i*1 despite ! le>n$ rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,s*unck & o!rs1 is f> f settl$ yet4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks embody our own exp]i5ce ( ! root1 simply z a pigm5t-produc+ product3-- ,madd] conta9s five col\r+ matt]s--yell[1 r$1 orange1 purple1 & br[n4 ,( ^!1 ! fir/ col\r is soluble 9 cold wat]4 ,by wa%+ ! p[d]$ root quickly ) x by decantation1 ! yell[ & br[n are extract$ 9 ! =m ( an opaque liquid4 ,if ?is be decant$ & all[$ to /&1 ! br[n deposits1 leav+ a cle> buffi%-yell[ sup]natant liquor4 ,9 ! root f :i* ! extract 0 p\r$1 ! rema9+ ?ree col\rs are left4 ,on add+ a /rong boil+ solution ( alum1 ^! are dissolv$1 yield+ a f9e r$ liquid4 ,f ?is !re c be ?r[n d[n1 by ! ag5cy ( diff]5t *emicals1 a r$1 an orange1 or a purple precipitate4 ,or1 suppos+ ! :ole ( ! col\r+ matt] to be deposit$ z a r$ lake1 x is possible to conv]t ?is--also by ! ag5cy ( diff]5t *emicals--ei!r into orange or purple4 ,h5ce1 = all practical purposes1 madd] conta9s b ?ree col\r+ matt]s3 a yell[1 soluble 9 cold wat]2 a br[n1 n soluble 91 b capable ( be+ extract$ by cold wat]2 & a r$1 soluble 9 boil+ alum1 & furni%+ at w a purple or an orange4 ,z 0 obs]v$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 no good pigm5t is obta9$ f ! yell[1 ( :i* ! less !re is pres5t ! bett]2 b ! br[n af=ds a valu$ product1 :i* w be duly notic$4 ,x is ess5tial to ! purity ( ! r$s1 t ! madd] %\ld be fre$ f bo? ^! col\rs2 & x 0 probably due to insuffici5t aque\s wa%+ ( ! root1 t ! old lakes 7 dull & muddy1 m]e brick-r$s ( o*r\s hues4 ,= _m ye>s1 h[ev]1 lakes h be5 prep>$ p]fectly transp>5t1 & lit]ally z beautiful & pure 9 col\r z ! rose2 qualities 9 :i* !y are unrivall$ by ! lakes & c>m9e ( co*9eal4 ,!y h ju/ly be5 consid]$ z supply+ a desid]atum1 & z among ! mo/ valuable acquisitions ( ! palette 9 mod]n times1 s9ce p]man5t transp>5t r$ & rose pigm5ts 7 previ\sly unkn[n4 ,! r$ v>ieties range f ri* crimson to a delicate rose1 & are kn[n z ,madd] ,c>m9e1 ,field's ,c>m9e1 ,p9k ,madd]1 ,rose ,madd]1 ,madd] ,lake1 & ,liquid ,rubiate or ,liquid ,madd] ,lake4 #gg4 ,,madd] ,,c>m9e1 ,or ,field's ,c>m9e1 l t ( co*9eal1 is ! ri*e/ & deepe/ lake prep>$1 conta9+ mo/ col\r+ matt] & lea/ base4 ,x diff]s f ! pal] products *iefly 9 transp>5cy & int5sity1 & is ! only durable c>m9e = pa9t+ ei!r 9 wat] or oil2 = bo? :i* x is qualifi$ by texture )\t previ\s gr9d+4 ,9 common ) ! o!r r$s ( madd]1 its fa9t wa%es possess great] cle>ness ?an ^? ( co*9eal4 ,?is c>m9e is a difficult col\r to make well1 exce$+ c>e & nicety be+ requir$ to obta9 ! fulle/ t9t3 h5ce x is apt to v>y 9 hue accord+ to ! skill ( ! manufactur]4 ,be+ exp5sive also1 ! price increas+ accord+ to dep? ( col\r1 ! lake has be5 ! mo/ liable to adult]ation1 ( all ! r$s ( madd]4 ,mrime /ates t samples 7 s5t to him f ,b]l91 "u ! "n ( c>m9e madd]1 :i* evid5tly ow$ _! brightness to t9cture ( co*9eal4 ,x is c]ta9 t madd] lakes h be5 imitat$ on ! ,cont95t ) v>i\s success by ^? ( lac1 co*9eal1 & c>?amus or saffl[]4 ,! be/ we h se5 is ! laque de g>ance1 :i* 0 t+$ ) ! r\ge ( c>?amus1 & 0 ( c\rse inf]ior 9 durability4 ,z1 h[ev]1 liquid ammonia & alkalis g5]ally dissolve ! col\rs ( co*9eal1 lac1 & saffl[]1 ! te/ is simple4 ,if ! liquid rema9 uncol\r$ on add+ ammonia to an assum$ madd] lake1 9 all probability ! pigm5t is g5u9e4 #gh4 ,,rose ,,madd]4 ,! exquisite fl[]s ( ,b>?olomew1 ,miss ,mutrie1 & o!rs1 give evid5ce ( ! beauty1 purity1 & /ability ( ! r$s ( madd]1 bo? 9 wat] & oil4 ,?is v>iety1 less int5se ?an ! prec$+ & )\t its c>m9e hue1 is ( a ri* rose col\r--a true rose--t5d+ nei!r to crimson1 sc>let1 nor purple4 ,m>k$ by a peculi> s(tness1 & an unusual cle>ness 9 its pale wa%es1 rose madd] af=ds ! mo/ p]fect c>nation t9ts kn[n4 ,n liable to *ange by ! action ( light1 impure air1 or admixture ) :ite lead & o!r col\rs1 x resembles all madd] lakes 9 ^! respects4 ,l !m1 too1 x is b a t>dy dry] 9 oil unless ?or\ghly edulcorat$1 & does n "w 9 wat] ) ! entire fulness & facility ( co*9eal pigm5ts4 ,:51 !re=e1 p]man5ce is ( no consid]ation1 ! latt] may /ill be pref]r$4 ,9 ^? works1 h[ev]1 :]e ! hues & t9ts ( nature are to be imitat$ ) /ability & pure effect1 ! rose col\rs ( madd] are become indisp5sable4 ,!y h ?is advantage1 moreov]1 t !y possess ! prop]ty ( ultram>9e ( improv+ 9 hue by "t--_! t5d5cy be+ to _! own specific prismatic r$ col\r4 ,z !y are too beautiful & require sadd5+ = ! g5]al use ( ! pa9t]1 ! addition ( manganese br[n1 cappagh br[n1 or burnt umb]1 adds to _! p[]s1 & improves _! dry+ 9 oils2 = :i* la/ purpose a little japann]'s gold size may be likewise employ$4 ,9 ! light t\*es ( bright cl\ds or m\nta9s1 :]e a mixture ( cadmium yell[ & ,*9ese :ite is us$1 rose madd] is invaluable = glaz+ ov] su* t\*es :5 dry1 %\ld !y be requir$ ( a w>m] hue4 ,! r$ portion ( sunset skies may be improv$ by a ?9 wa% ( ?is pigm5t1 t+$ p]haps ) ! above yell[1 or ) gamboge4 ,mo/ s]viceable l&scape t9ts are af=d$ by admixture ( rose madd] ) cobalt1 ,indian r$1 purple madd]1 yell[ o*re1 lamp black1 c4 ,9 pa9t+ fle%1 ! lake _c be disp5s$ )4 #gi4 ,,p9k ,,madd] ,0 a weak] prep>ation ( ! prec$+1 pal] 9 hue & possess+ less col\r4 ,x 0 =m]ly employ$ 9 m9iature pa9t+1 b ) ! decl9e ( t art became less & less us$1 until x may n[ be said to be obsolete4 ,! "n1 h[ev]1 /ill lives1 b is appli$ to rose madd]1 :i* is inde$ indiff]5tly call$ ,rose ,madd]1 ,p9k ,madd]1 or ,madd] ,lake4 ,speak+ ( p9k roses1 ,mrs4 ,duffield rem>ks t ! local col\r is be/ imitat$ ) p9k madd]1 & ! ,messrs4 ,r[bo?am obs]ve ?is hea!r may be be/ repres5t$ by cobalt & madd] lake4 ,9 trade catalogues sev]al names are (t5 giv51 z 9 ?is in/ance1 to "o & ! same pigm5t4 ,! seem+ sup]fluity is r5d]$ necess>y ?r\gh "s arti/s kn[+ a pigm5t by "o "n & "s by ano!r4 ,h5ce arises ! value ( a li/ ( synonyms4 #hj4 ,,liquid ,,rubiate1 ,rose ,rubiate1 or ,liquid ,madd] ,lake1 is a conc5trat$ t9cture ( madd] ( ! mo/ beautiful & p]fect rose col\r & transp>5cy4 ,x is us$ z a wat] col\r only 9 its simple /ate1 dilut$ ) wat]1 & ) or )\t gum4 ,9 oil x dries by act+ z a siccative4 ,mix$ or gr\nd ) all o!r madd] col\rs1 ) or )\t gum1 x =ms comb9ations :i* "w freely 9 wat]1 & produce ! mo/ *>m+ & /able effects4 ,! rubiate also furni%es a f9e r$ ink1 & is a durable /a9 = pr9t+ on cotton1 c4 ,to ! t9t+ ( maps & *>ts p]man5tly1 x is peculi>ly suit$4 #ha4 ,,m>s ,,r$ ,or ,r\ge de ,m>s1 is an artificial iron o*re1 simil> 9 subdu$ t9t & p]man5ce to ! native e>?s4 ,its *emical aff9ities1 h[ev]1 are great] ?an ^? ( ! latt]1 & x !re=e requires to be employ$ cauti\sly ) pigm5ts affect$ by iron4 ,9 ?is respect ! r$ resembles its compe]s1 ,m>s yell[1 ,m>s orange1 ,m>s violet1 & ,m>s br[n1 all ( :i* are iron o*res artificially prep>$4 ,possess+ ! ri*ness & dep? ( ,indian r$1 x is di/+ui%$ by ! russet-orange hue ( light r$4 ,its pale wa%es are m>k$ by consid]able cle>ness4 ,9 keep+ ! ,m>s col\rs sep>ate f ! o*res1 we h foll[$ ! plan ( ! au?or4 ,,o*res ,comprise ,r$ ,o*re1 ,indian ,r$1 ,light ,r$1 ,v5etian ,r$1 ,engli% ,r$1 ,p]sian ,r$1 ,prussian ,r$1 ,spani% ,r$1 ,br[n ,r$1 ,indian ,o*re1 ,sc>let ,o*re1 ,c>nagione1 ,t]ra ,puzzoli1 ,engli% ,v]milion1 ,spani% ,br[n1 ,majolica1 ,r$d+1 ,ruddle1 ,bole1 ,almagra1 ,sil ,atticum1 ,t]ra ,s9opica1 c4 ,!y are r hues & t9ts ?an def9ite col\rs1 or m prop]ly belong to ! t]ti>y1 semi-neutral1 & brok5 col\rs4 ,z a rule !y are native pigm5ts1 f\nd 9 mo/ c\ntries1 & v abundantly & f9e 9 our own2 b "s are products ( manufacture1 & obta9able 9 ! v>iety ( nature by art4 ,! col\r+ matt] ( ^! e>?s is ! r$ oxide ( iron1 z t ( ! yell[ o*res is ! yell[ oxide4 ,all ! yell[ o*res are m or less r$d5$ by be+ burnt1 z yell[ oxide ( iron itself becomes r$ on calc9ation4 ,x 0 obs]v$ 9 ! f\r? *apt] t "t has (t5 ! effect ( fire1 m or less int5se2 & h5ce x is t yell[ o*res occasionally assume a buffi%-r$ hue1 by ! gradual p]oxidation ( ! iron4 ,simil>ly1 if a yell[ o*re be b p>tially calc9$1 ! r$ s obta9$ is apt to deep5 or d>k54 ,especially d ^! *anges take place :5 ! iron oxides are n associat$ ) an e>?y base2 :51 9 fact1 ! s-call$ o*res _c be class$ z su*4 ,9 ?is case1 too1 z 0 lately rem>k$1 ! pigm5ts are m *emically active1 & m likely to affect ^? col\rs to :i* iron is inimical4 #hb4 ,,r$ ,,o*re ,is a native e>?2 sometimes br[n o*re burnt1 & call$ ,br[n ,r$4 ,x is less pure 9 hue & cle> 9 its t9ts ?an light r$1 & is be/ res]v$ = d>k & vigor\s %ades & t\*es4 ,= drap]ies ( a dusky r$ x is well suit$1 or ev5 = ! %ad[s ( bright-r$ drap]y4 ,9 dead col\r+ x is v valuable4 ,l all o*res1 x is *>act]iz$ by p]man5ce 9 wat]1 oil1 crayons1 & fresco2 & is1 l mo/ ( !m1 available 9 enamel-pa9t+4 ,almagra1 ! ,sil ,atticum ( ! anci5ts1 is a deep r$ o*re f\nd 9 ,&alusia2 z is also _! ,t]ra ,s9opica or ,arm5ian ,bole1 dug orig9ally 9 ,cappadocia1 & n[ f\nd 9 ,new ,j]sey & else:]e "u ! "n ( ,blood/one4 #hc4 ,,indian ,,r$1 ,once kn[n z ,p]sian ,r$1 is br\ght f ,b5gal4 ,x is a natural e>? ri* 9 p]oxide ( iron1 ( a purple russet hue & good body1 & valu$ :5 f9e = ! cle>ness & s(t lakey tone ( its t9ts4 ,9 a crude /ate x is a co>se p[d]1 full ( extremely h>d & brilliant p>ticles ( a d>k appe>ance & sometimes magnetic4 ,x is greatly improv$ by gr9d+ & wa%+ ov]1 & is v p]man5t4 ,nei!r light1 impure air1 mixture ) o!r col\rs1 "t1 nor fire1 effects any s5sible *ange 9 x2 b be+ opaque & n keep+ its place well1 x is unsuit$ = glaz+4 ,?is pigm5t diff]s consid]ably 9 its hues1 t :i* is mo/ rosy be+ e/eem$ ! be/1 & af=d+ ! pure/ t9ts4 ,inf]ior o*res 7 =m]ly sub/itut$ = ,indian r$1 :i* procur$ x a v>iable "*2 b ! col\r be+ n[ obta9$ abundantly c 9 g5]al be _h g5u9e4 ,x is a good dri]4 ,mix$ ) ,indian ink1 x furni%es useful %ad[s2 & comp\nd$ ) cobalt or indigo1 mo/ s]viceable grays4 ,= sunsets1 :]e deep purple l9es are l\r+ ov] ! horizon's br9k1 a mixture ( ,fr5* blue ) a little ,indian r$ & lake is admirably adapt$4 ,9 twilight & /ormy cl\ds1 9 sails & build+s1 9 %ade c>nations ( portraits & backgr\nds1 c41 ! r$ is (t5 employ$4 #hd4 ,,light ,,r$ ,is an o*re ( an orange-russet hue1 *iefly valu$ = its t9ts4 ,! pr9cipal yell[ o*res af=d ?is col\r be/1 & ! bright] & cle>] ! yell[ o*re is f :i* x is prep>$1 ! bright] w ! r$ be1 & ! bett] fle% t9ts w x yield ) :ite4 ,light r$ has ! good prop]ties common to o*res1 dries capitally1 & furni%es an excell5t crayon4 ,x is mu* us$ bo? 9 figure & l&scape pa9t+1 giv+ f9e grays ) cobalt1 & s]viceable comp\nds ) yell[ o*re1 indigo1 lamp black1 rose madd]1 ,payne's grey1 br[n madd]1 c4 ,t]ra ,puzzoli1 a volcanic production1 is a species ( light r$1 z is ! ,c>nagione ( ! ,italians4 #he4 ,,v5etian ,,r$1 ,less kn[n z ,engli% ,r$1 ,prussian ,r$1 & ,sc>let ,o*re4 ,true ,v5etian r$1 t is1 ! r$ ( ! ,v5etians1 0 probably br\ght f ,india1 & simil> to our mod]n ,indian r$4 ,! ,v5etian r$ ( ! pres5t day1 h[ev]1 is an artificial product1 conta9+ no e>?y base1 & !re=e improp]ly class$ among ! o*res4 ,x is prep>$ by calc9+ sulphate ( iron1 to :i* a little nitre may be advantage\sly add$4 ,! result is a p]oxide ( iron1 resembl+ light r$1 b m p[]ful1 & ( a m sc>let hue4 ,x is v p]man5t1 b be+ a purely iron pigm5t1 %\ld be cauti\sly employ$ ) col\rs affect$ by t metal4 ,?\gh n bright1 its t9ts are cle>1 & x mixes & works k9dly ) cobalt or ,fr5* blue1 af=d+ f9e pe>ly grays4 ,height5$ by madd] lake1 x furni%es a gl[+ r$1 v useful 9 "s descriptions ( skies2 & sadd5$ by black1 x gives l[ ton$ r$s ( good quality = build+s4 ,) :ite x produces c>nation t9ts ne>ly approa*+ to nature1 & mu* employ$ by ,titian1 ,v&yke1 & o!rs4 ,comp\nd$ ) aureol91 ,v5etian r$ yields a cle> orange ( consid]able transp>5cy4 ,spani% ,r$ is an o*re diff]+ little f ! above4 #hf4 ,,pure ,,sc>let1 ,or ,iod9e ,sc>let1 is an iodide ( m]cury1 hav+ ! body & opacity ( v]milion1 & be+ z mu* inf]ior to x 9 p]man5ce z x is sup]ior 9 brilliancy4 ,( all arti/ic pigm5ts1 x is at once ! mo/ dazzl+ & ! mo/ fugitive1 & %\ld h no place on ! palette4 ,if us$1 x %\ld be ) an ivory knife1 z iron & mo/ metals *ange x to col\rs v>y+ f yell[ to black2 h5ce x %\ld nev] be comp\nd$ ) metallic pigm5ts4 ,s s5sitive1 inde$1 is x to ! slighte/ t\* ( metal1 t x has be5 kn[n to turn to a dull br[n m]ely by be+ wa%$ ov] ) a col\r :i* _h be5 tak5 out ( its sauc] ) a p5knife4 ,9 ! cake1 x mu/ be c>efully kept wrapp$ up 9 pap]1 o!rwise ! pres5ce ( metal tubes or a knife 9 ! col\r-box may spoil x4 ,by a f\l atmosph]e1 ! sc>let is soon utt]ly de/roy$1 & ev5 metalliz$4 ,9 contact ) ! air1 x quickly fades away2 & has be5 f\nd to vani% completely1 :5 expos$ to light alone4 ,employ$ 9 wat]1 a ?ick glaze ( gum-arabic or gamboge adds to its /ability4 ,z a l&scape pigm5t1 ! col\r is out ( ! g5]al scale ( nature2 b 9 fl[]-pa9t+ its *>ms are almo/ irresi/ible4 ,no?+ c]ta9ly c approa* x z a col\r = sc>let g]aniums1 b its beauty is almo/ z fleet+ z ! fl[]s4 #hg4 ,,r$ ,,*rome1 ,also call$ ,sc>let ,*rome1 is a bright *romate ( lead ( an orange-r$ col\r1 ! r$ be+ pr$om9ant4 ,rank 9 tone1 x is liable to ! *anges ( ! yell[ *romes1 ?\gh 9 a less degree4 ,! rec5t introduction ( cadmium r$ r5d]s ! use ( ?is unnecess>y4 #hh4 ,,r$ ,,lead1 ,m9ium1 or ,saturn9e ,r$1 is an anci5t pigm5t1 by "s old writ]s conf\nd$ ) c9nab>1 & t]m$ ,s9op] or ,synop]4 ,x is an oxide ( unc]ta9 composition1 prep>$ by subject+ massicot to ! heat ( a furnace ) an exp&$ surface & free accession ( air4 ,( a sc>let col\r & f9e hue1 x is w>m] ?an common v]milion1 ^: body & opacity x possesses1 & ) :i* x 0 once cu/om>y to mix x4 ,bright1 b n s vivid z ! iodide ( m]cury1 x is m durable1 al?\gh f> less s ?an v]milion4 ,:5 pure & alone1 light does n affect its col\r1 :i* soon flies1 h[ev]1 on be+ mix$ ) :ite lead or any prep>ation ( t metal4 ,by impure air1 r$ lead is black5$ & ultimately metalliz$4 ,on acc\nt ( its extreme fugacity :5 comp\nd$ ) :ite lead1 ?is r$ _c be us$ 9 t9ts2 b employ$1 unmix$ ) o!r pigm5ts1 9 simple v>ni% or oil n r5d]$ dry+ by any metallic oxide1 x may /& a long "t "u fav\rable circum/ances4 ,x is an excell5t dry] 9 oil1 & has (t5 be5 us$ z a siccative ) o!r col\rs1 b x _c safely be s employ$ except ) ! o*res1 e>?s1 & blacks 9 g5]al4 ,oils1 v>ni%es1 &1 9 "s measure1 /rong mucilages1 are prev5tive ( *emical action 9 ! comp\nd+ ( col\rs1 by int]v5+ & clo?+ ! p>ticles ( pigm5ts2 & h5ce het]og5e\s & injudici\s t9ts & mixtures h sometimes /ood well1 b are n to be reli$ ^u 9 practice4 ,altoge!r1 r$ lead is a dang]\s pigm5t 9 any b skill$ h&s1 & has naturally _h a v>iable "* = p]man5ce4 ,x is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) e>?y sub/ances1 su* z brickdu/1 r$ o*re1 & colco?a4 ,,v]milions4 ,v]milion is s call$ f ! ,italian ^w v]miglio 7little worm17 giv5 to ! k]mes or coccus ilicis1 :i* 0 us$ z a sc>let dye be=e ! introduction ( co*9eal4 ,x is a sulphuret ( m]cury1 :i* previ\s to levigation is call$ ,c9nab>2 & is f\nd native 9 quicksilv] m9es1 z well z produc$ artificially4 ,?is is an anci5t pigm5t1 ! ,greek3 k9nab>i ( ! ,greeks1 & ! m9ium--a t]m n[ conf9$ to r$ lead--( old] writ]s4 ,pl9y /ates t x 0 s e/eem$ by ! ,romans1 z to h its price fix$ by express law ( /ate4 ,among o!r places1 ! natural product is met ) 9 ,cali=nia1 ,spa91 & ,p]u2 & 9 ,*9a !re is a native c9nab> s pure z only to require gr9d+ to become v p]fect v]milion4 ,:e!r ! natural possesses any advantages ov] ! artificial1 appe>s to admit ( d\bt3 ,b\vi] ?\ght t ! =m] black5$ m ?an ! latt]1 & o!rs co9cide ) him4 ,z1 h[ev]1 native v]milion has become comm]cially obsolete1 ! "q ( _! comp>ative p]man5ce is ( little importance4 ,!oretically1 x is difficult to assign a reason :y !re %\ld be any diff]5ce betwe5 ! two4 ,v]milion is capable ( be+ made by bo? wet & dry processes1 b ! la/ are almo/ exclusively adopt$ on a scale1 & are1 we believe1 pref]able4 ,our op9ion1 express$ ) "s diffid5ce1 is1 t pigm5ts ^: col\r dep5ds on ! union ( sulphur ) a metal--su* z v]milion & cadmium yell[--are m /able :5 ! sulphur is =c$ to bite into ! base4 ,?is c only be effect$ by a consid]able degree ( heat1 f> great] ?an c be obta9$ 9 any moi/ me?od4 ,we hold t 9 pigm5ts s produc$1 ! sulphur is less liable to oxidation by air & light1 & t !re=e ! col\r bett] )/&s exposure to ^? ag5ts4 ,be=e n[1 v]milions h be5 tax$ ) fad+ 9 a /rong light3 suppos+ !m g5u9e1 x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k by :at mode !y 7 manufactur$4 ,!re are two k9ds ( v]milion 9 common use1 ,european & ,*9ese1 ( :i* ! fir/ incl9es to orange & ! second to purple4 ,^! include ! sev]al v>ieties kn[n z--,v]milion1 ,deep ,v]milion1 ,pale ,v]milion1 ,sc>let ,v]milion1 ,*9ese ,v]milion1 ,c>m9e ,v]milion1 ,extract ( ,v]milion1 ,orange ,v]milion1 & ,field's ,orange ,v]milion4 #hi4 ,,v]milion1 ,deep or pale1 :5 well made & pure is ( /rict p]man5ce1 n s5sibly affect$ by light1 "t1 or f\l air2 & eligible ei!r 9 wat]1 oil1 or fresco4 ,= an enamel col\r x is unsuit$1 be+ dissipat$ at a r$ heat1 a te/ t detects ! pres5ce ( any non-volatile adult]ant4 ,! be/ v]milion is a p[]ful vivid col\r1 high] 9 tone ?an all r$s1 except ! sc>let iodide ( m]cury4 ,) ?is x %\ld n be comp\nd$1 b ) o!r pigm5ts x may safely be us$ 9 admixture1 z f> z its own col\r is conc]n$4 ,( great body1 weight1 & opacity1 x is a some:at sl[ dri]2 & does n reta9 t brilliancy :5 dry1 :i* is peculi> to x :ile wet4 ,a want ( transp>5cy1 & n dry+ well1 prev5t its be+ s g5]ally employ$ z w\ld be desirable4 ,pictures %\ld seem to be pa9t$ ) col\r1 n ) pigm5t1 ! mat]ial be+ lo/ amid ! hues1 t9ts1 & %ades2 b ) su* comp\nds z v]milion1 ! art ( conceal+ art becomes difficult inde$4 ,! pigm5t is apt to pr$om9ate ov] ! col\r1 & ! pa9t+ to look me*anical r ?an natural3 p>ticles are app>5t :]e hues alone %\ld be se51 & all s5se ( reality is de/roy$4 ,= ^! reasons1 v]milion is a dang]\s pigm5t 9 unskill$ h&s1 ne$+ an intimate acqua9tance ) its physical prop]ties4 ,! extreme weight or specific gravity ( ! r$ r5d]s x liable to s9k & sep>ate :5 comp\nd$ ) o!r col\rs2 h5ce ! heavi] ^? mix$ ) x ! bett]4 ,its almo/ equal opacity1 too1 & habit ( wa%+ up1 militate aga9/ its use by "y pa9t]s4 ,) exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 & due c>e1 ?is is a s]viceable col\r2 yield+ ) :ite mo/ delicate fle% t9ts1 & 9 m9ute proportion ) cobalt or ,fr5* blue & :ite1 t5d] arial grays4 ,be+ *eap] ?an =m]ly1 v]milion is n s mu* adult]at$ z x once 02 al?\gh1 ev5 n[1 brickdu/1 orpim5t1 c4 sometimes sophi/icate x4 ,! knavi% practices to :i* ! pigm5t has be5 subject$1 h acquir$ x an ill-fame bo? ) au?ors & arti/s4 ,v]milion has be5 *>g$ ) fad+ 9 ! light1 & ) be+ black5$ by impure air2 b x 0 ! cu/om to crimson ! col\r by means ( lake1 or tone x to a sc>let hue by r$ lead4 ,) pigm5ts z ) p]sons1 evil communications corrupt good mann]s--a motto t might be writt5 ) advantage on e palette4 #ij4 ,,sc>let ,,v]milion ,resembles ! prec$+ 9 all respects1 except 9 be+ m sc>let 9 its t9t1 & wa%+ bett]2 advantages :i* r5d] x m useful :5 ! tone is requir$ to be v bright & pure4 ,at "o "t1 ! ,dut* alone 9 ,europe possess$ ! secret ( giv+ to v]milion a ri* sc>let col\r4 #ia4 ,,*9ese ,,v]milion1 ,or ,c>m9e ,v]milion1 p>takes ( a crimson hue1 & is adapt$1 mix$ ) :ite1 = ! rose & lilac-t9ts ( "s complexions4 ,l o!r v]milions1 h[ev]1 ! col\r ne$s mu* nicety ( managem5t2 & x mu/ n be attempt$ to fur!r enri* x by admixture ( co*9eal lakes4 ,^? col\rs1 z we h rem>k$1 _c safely be br\ght into contact ) v]milion1 ei!r comp\nd$ or z a glaze4 ,! r$s ( madd] %\ld be sub/itut$ = !m4 #ib4 ,,extract ,,( ,,v]milion1 ,a some:at curi\s "n = a metallic col\r1 0 a peculi> prep>ation ( ! au?or1 possess+ 9 its "t c]ta9 advantages ov] o!r v]milions1 & especially di/+ui%$ by a m sc>let hue4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 extract ( v]milion & sc>let v]milion are synonym\s t]ms4 #ic4 ,,orange ,,v]milion ,is r m transp>5t ?an ord9>y v]milion1 ) a cle> b n bright orange hue4 ,x also wa%es bett]1 & is = l&scape purposes m g5]ally useful4 ,resembl+ r$-lead 9 appe>ance1 x is n subject to its *anges1 be+ p]fectly durable 9 oil & wat]4 ,a mo/ p[]ful t+] ( :ite1 its t9ts are w>m] ?an r$-lead's1 af=d+ delicate c>nations simil> to ^? ( ,titian & ,rub5s4 ,?is pigm5t--or1 pref]ably1 ! succe$+ v>iety--may be employ$ ) excell5t results 9 scumbl+ ( fle%1 = :i* ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds improp]ly us$ ! s-call$ r$ orpim5t4 ,x dries 9 simple l9se$ oil1 b works ) be/ effect 9 wat] ) a consid]able portion ( gum4 ,9 speak+ ( sunset & sunrise cl\ds1 ,mr4 ,p5ley obs]ves--,orange v]milion if us$ s ?9 z to get rid ( its opacity1 is a f9e tone2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t transp>5cy is ! "* ( ! sunset or sunrise1 & h5ce arises ! difficulty ( employ+ su* opaque col\r effectively4 ,be=e ! introduction ( cadmium r$1 ?is & ! foll[+ pigm5t 7 ! be/ & only unexceptionable orange-r$s kn[n4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ! new col\r w 9 a great measure sup]s$e ^! latt] 9 cases :]e transp>5cy is s\ght4 ,orange v]milion is (t5 a mixture1 9 :i* case ! yell[ employ$ is apt to sep>ate f ! r$ & float on its surface4 #id4 ,,field',s ,,orange ,,v]milion ,is a sup]ior prep>ation to ! prec$+1 be+ bright]1 pur]1 & cle>]4 ,x possesses also1 less opacity1 & is n a comp\nd4 ,bo? pigm5ts are r r$s ) an orange ca/ ?an /rictly orange col\rs1 & are !re=e ins]t$ 9 ?is *apt]4 99 99 99 99 99 #ie4 ,antimony ,r$1 ,or ,m9]al ,k]mes4 ,we h obta9$ ?is col\r rang+ f light orange to deep c>m9e1 ( diff]5t degrees ( brightness & /ability4 ,"s ( ! t9ts /ood well 9 a book1 b fad$ on exposure to light & air2 & "s ev5 vani%$ :5 seclud$ f ^? ag5ts4 ,x has m ?an once be5 recomm5d$ z a pigm5t1 b our exp]i5ce is aga9/ its adoption by arti/s4 ,! col\r is n affect$ by sulphurett$ hydrog54 #if4 ,*ica ,r$ ,is extract$ f ! leaves ( a tree gr[+ 9 c5tral & s\!rn ,am]ica4 ,a sample exam9$ by ,mr4 ,o',neill 0 9 small irregul> lumps1 ( a bright sc>let col\r1 adh]5t to ! tongue l indigo1 & tak+ a metallic poli% ( a gre5i% reflection1 :5 rubb$ aga9/ a h>d smoo? body1 z ! f+] nail4 ,s f> x seems to be only employ$ by ! ,indians z a pa9t = _! bodies1 mix$ up ) fatty matt]s4 ,x has d\btless be5 us$ 9 pa9t+3 = 9 ! old *ur*es ( ^? p>ts ( ,am]ica !re is a good deal ( r$ col\r1 :i* rema9s brilliant & s\nd aft] a c\ple ( c5turies2 & f ! appe>ance ( x1 & su* acc\nts z c be collect$1 x is probably ?is *ica4 ,a portion 0 =w>d$ to an em95t arti/ 9 ,engl&1 to asc]ta9 :e!r x w\ld be ( any value z a pigm5t 9 ! f9e arts4 ,8 report is /at$ to h be5 unfav\rable2 & ! *ica1 conta9$ 9 a g\rd labell$ ,*ica d',&iguez1 0 !n te/$ z to its capabilities = dye+ & pr9t+4 ,f9e & durable r$s 7 f\nd to be produc$ by x ^u wooll51 equal to ^? ( co*9eal4 ,to mordant$ calico ! %ades imp>t$ 7 dull & heavy1 b v solid4 ,*ica is describ$ z a v /rong col\r+ matt]1 a small quantity dye+ a l>ge am\nt ( clo?1 & z m ne>ly resembl+ lac lake ?an any?+ else4 ,no in=mation exi/+ z to its price1 or ! quantity t c\ld be obta9$ if x 7 want$1 *ica rema9s 9 ! /ate ( an unappli$ product4 ,if x really possess1 h[ev]1 ! durability assign$ to x1 ?is r$ is wor? att5tion4 ,) reg>d to ! arti/'s disapproval1 ! *ica s5t him may n h be5 prop]ly or suffici5tly prep>$ to adapt x = a pigm5t4 #ig4 ,coal-,t> ,col\rs4 ,our "w might be consid]$ incomplete )\t "s allusion to ! coal-t> col\rs1 ev5 ?\gh !y are r dyes ?an pigm5ts1 n possess+ suffici5t /ability = ! palette4 ,to avoid repeat$ ref]5ce1 we h pref]r$ gr\p+ !m 9 ?is *apt]1 irrespective ( hue4 ,consequ5tly1 yell[1 r$1 blue1 orange1 gre51 purple1 br[n1 & black1 w be all compris$ "u ! head+ ( coal-t> col\rs4 ,previ\s to ! ye> #ahef ! col\r+ matt]s d]iv$ f coal-t> 7 practically unkn[n4 ,until !n1 t black evil-smell+ sub/ance 0 look$ ^u z almo/ wor?less2 b gradually ! unsightly grub em]g$ into a beautiful butt]fly1 clo!d fir/ 9 mauve & next 9 mag5ta4 ,aft] its long w9t] ( neglect1 !re sprung f coal-t> ! mo/ vivid & v>i$ hues1 l fl[]s f ! e>? at spr+4 ,at a t\* ( ! fairy w& ( sci5ce1 ! wa/e l& became a g>d5 ( tropic t9ts1 & col\r succe$$ col\r1 until ! :ole gamut _h be5 gone ?r\gh4 ,nev] 0 trans=mation m dazzl+ or m complete4 ,! once despis$ refuse 0 n[ a valu$ comm]cial product--inde$ a trade 9 itself4 ,p]fectly fasc9at$ by ! /udy1 *emi/s ?rew !mselves he>t & s\l into coal-t>1 & coal-t> col\rs 7 to be se5 ev]y:]e4 ,x 7 beside our purpose to ent] into ! v>i\s /ages ?r\gh :i* coal has to pass to become col\r4 ,en\gh to /ate t to ! introduction ( gas-light we are indebt$ = ! acquisition ( coal-t> col\rs1 ! />t+ po9t = ! production ( mauve1 mag5ta1 c41 be+ ! manufacture ( coal-gas4 ,f ! de/ructive di/illation ( coal1 coal-t> oil results2 & f ?is are obta9$ ! products :i* yield ! col\rs 9 "q4 ,among ^! products may be m5tion$ anil9e1 rosanil9e1 nap?al9e1 *9ol9e1 c>bolic acid1 picric acid1 c41 ) _! d]ivatives4 ,( ! fifty-"o comp\nds furni%$ by ! di/illation ( coal1 p]haps ! mo/ popul>ly associat$ ) coal-t> col\rs is anil9e1 to :i* we w !re=e conf9e ourselves4 ,discov]$ 9 #ahbf1 ?is body 0 =m]ly prep>$ f indigo--9 ,spani%1 anil1 :5ce ! "n2 b is n[ produc$ on a l>g] scale f b5zol1 a coal-t> product4 ,z ! s\rce ( mauve & mag5ta1 anil9e mu/ be consid]$ ! p>5t ( coal-t> col\rs g5]ally4 ,little 0 kn[n ( x at "o "t except t on be+ mix$ ) a solution ( *loride ( lime !re 0 =m$ a spl5did purple liquid1 :i* imm$iately gave place to a d+y r$di% precipitate4 ,f ! inve/igation ( ?is simple fact1 h[ev]1 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,p]k91 !re 0 creat$ a new & important bran* ( *emical indu/ry--! manufacture ( coal-t> col\rs4 ,! violet mauve l$ ! way1 foll[$ by ! r$ mag5ta1 ! blue azul9e1 ! yell[ phosph9e1 ! gre5 em]ald9e1 ! orange aur9e1 by purple1 & br[n1 & black4 ,su* 7 ! hues1 ) _m int]m$iate t9ts & %ades1 :i* "o reaction br\ght =?4 ,! _w rubb$ its eyes ) a/oni%m5t2 & truly x seem$ almo/ z wond]ful to produce ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[ f a lump ( coal1 z to extract sun%9e f cucumb]s4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! col\rs reads m l a romance ?an a sob] /ory1 b to ! arti/ x is ( slight practical int]e/4 ,suffici5tly /able z dyes1 ?\gh !y be1 coal-t> col\rs are n adapt$ to ! palette4 ,mauve1 mag5ta1 ) a few o!rs1 h>e be5 introduc$ z pigm5ts & fairly tri$1 b a want ( p]man5ce has be5 fatal to _! success4 ,mauve is m durable ?an mag5ta1 & ! re/ v>y 9 /ability1 b none ( !m h prov$ really fitt$ = arti/s' col\rs4 ,expos$ to light & air1 !y all m or less fade1 especially 9 ?9 wa%es2 & !y h mo/ly ! objection ( /a9+ & p]meat+ ! pap] or canvas on :i* !y are employ$4 ,us$ 9 body1 "s may be f\nd eligible 9 portfolio illum9ations & ! l1 :]e ! brilliancy ( _! col\rs %[s to advantage2 b 9 l&scapes & pictures ( life1 coal-t> pigm5ts are be/ avoid$4 ,cakes ( r$1 blue1 violet1 & o!r hues1 may be prep>$ = pa9t+1 by comb9+ ! col\rs ) a mixture ( />* & alum9a1 or ) soap & alum9a 9 a moi/ /ate--?us3 #aej p>ts ( :ite curd soap1 dissolv$ 9 #ajjj p>ts ( hot wat]1 are mix$ ) an alcoholic or a me?ylat$ _s solution ( six p>ts ( ! cry/alliz$ or solid coal-t> col\r4 ,to ?is are add$ #bej p>ts by weight ( wa%$ gelat9\s alum9a4 ,! :ole is !n well /irr$1 collect$ on a filt]1 dra9$1 & dri$4 ,sev]al hues1 t9ts1 & %ades may be obta9$ by comp\nd+3 = in/ance1 an orange is produc$ on admixture ( picric yell[ ) anil9e r$1 or a gre5 by add+ ! same yell[ to anil9e blue4 #ih4 ,cobalt ,r$s4 ,!re are obta9able f cobalt by diff]5t processes rose & r$ col\rs ( m or less beauty & int5sity1 b all va/ly inf]ior to ^? ( madd]1 9 ^: abs5ce alone !y c\ld ga9 a place on ! palette4 ,durable z a rule1 !y are 9 g5]al *>act]iz$ by a fatal *alk9ess1 & poorness ( hue4 ,m exp5sive ?an ! madd] col\rs1 & )\t _! purity1 delicacy1 dep?1 or transp>5cy1 cobalt r$s h (t5 be5 (f]$ z pigm5ts1 & z (t5 decl9$4 ,a col\r may be good 9 itself1 b if !re is some?+ bett] & at ! same "t *eap]1 its introduction into comm]ce is out ( ! "q4 #ii4 ,copp] ,r$s4 ,a some:at f9ely col\r$ r$ oxide is produc$ by expos+ to a :ite heat = tw5ty m9utes1 a mixture ( c]ta9 proportions ( blue vitriol1 mono-c>bonate ( soda1 & copp] fil+s4 ,! product1 h[ev]1 is affect$ by impure air1 & is o!rwise n s desirable z an iron oxide4 ,an int]e/+ acc\nt has lately be5 giv5 by ,pr(essor ,*ur* ( a new animal pigm5t1 conta9+ copp]1 f\nd 9 ! fea!rs ( ! violet planta9-eat] & two species ( ,turacus1 natives respectively ( ! ,gold ,coa/1 ! ,cape1 & ,natal4 ,turac9e1 ! "n propos$ = x1 is notic$ "h only because x is ! fir/ animal or vegetable pigm5t1 ) copp] z an ess5tial elem5t1 :i* has be5 hi!rto isolat$4 ,! col\r is extract$ by solution 9 an alkali1 & precipitation by an acid1 & is *ang$ on long exposure to air & moi/ure to a gre5 hue4 ,z ! entire plumage ( a bird yields n m ?an ?ree gra9s ( pigm5t1 turac9e mu/ be look$ ^u z a m]e curiosity4 #ajj4 ,f]rate ( ,b>yta1 ,produc$ by add+ aque\s f]rate ( pota% to an excess ( dilute solutions ( b>yta salts1 has be5 describ$ z c>m9e-col\r$ & p]man5t4 ,we h n f\nd x to be s--an exp]i5ce :i* has evid5tly n be5 conf9$ to ourselves2 & we _c help ?9k+ t ?is is "o ( ^? errors :i* get copi$ f "o *emical "w into ano!r1 to ! special confusion ( /ud5ts4 ,x is b fair1 h[ev]1 to add t 9 ,mr4 ,watts' ,diction>y ( ,*emi/ry1 ! late/ & be/ "w ( ! k9d1 ?is f]rate is said to become brick-r$ aft] wa%+ & dry+ at #ajj ,c41 & to be only tol]ably /able4 #aja4 ,gold ,r$s4 ,_m organic sub/ances add$ to gold solutions ?r[ d[n ei!r ! metallic gold or ! r$ oxide1 :i* !n unites ) ! organic comp\nd m or less decompos$ & =ms a r$ precipitate4 ,sug>1 gum1 ! decoctions ( co*9eal1 gamboge1 fu/ic1 turm]ic1 suma*1 cate*u1 & ,brazil wood1 all af=d r$ pulv]ul5t col\rs4 ,boil$ ) sug>1 gold solution gives fir/ a light & !n a d>k r$4 ,:atev] _! m]its1 ! excessive co/l9ess ( ^! prep>ations r5d]s !m inadmissible z pigm5ts4 ,at "o "t1 inde$1 a gold comp\nd kn[n z purple ( ,cassius 0 s employ$1 b ?is soon became obsolete on ! introduction ( madd] purple4 #ajb4 ,iod9e ,p9k4 ,!re may be obta9$ f iod9e & m]cury a v pretty p9k col\r1 analog\s 9 composition to pure sc>let4 ,x is apt to pass into ! sc>let modification1 & is 9 o!r respects ev5 less to be dep5d$ on ?an t v>iety4 #ajc4 ,k]mes ,lake ,is an anci5t pigm5t1 p]haps ! e>lie/ ( ! ,european lakes1 & s call$ f ! ,arabic ,alk]mes4 ,x is sometimes spelt c]mes1 :5ce probably c]mos9 & crimson1 & k]m9e & c>m9e4 ,9 old books x is nam$ v]milion1 9 allusion to ! insect1 or v]mes1 f :i* x is prep>$4 ,?is insect is ! coccus ilicis1 :i* fe$s ^u ! leaves ( ! prickly oak 9 ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,l ! coccus cacti1 x is cov]$ ) a :iti% du/1 & yields a t9ctorial matt] soluble 9 wat] & alcohol4 ,k]mes & ! lac ( ,india d\btless af=d$ ! lakes ( ! ,v5etians1 & appe> to h be5 us$ by ! e>lie/ pa9t]s 9 oil ( ! s*ool ( ,van ,eyck4 ,! =m]1 "u ! appellation ,greek3 kurno kok9o1 is said to be employ$ by ! mod]n ,greeks = dye+ _! caps r$4 ,"s old specim5s ( ?is pigm5t :i* ! au?or obta9$ 7 9 drops ( a p[d]y texture & crimson col\r1 w>m] ?an co*9eal lakes1 & hav+ less body & brilliancy4 ,!y work$ well1 h[ev]1 & )/ood ! action ( light bett] ?an ! latt]1 ?\gh ! sun ultimately discol\r$ & de/roy$ !m4 ,9 o!r respects1 !y resembl$ ! lakes ( co*9eal4 ,z a col\r+ matt]1 k]mes is only ab\t "o-twelf? "p z p[]ful z t sub/ance4 #ajd4 ,lawson's ,r$4 ,9 #ahfa x 0 /at$ t ,pr(essor ,lawson _h prep>$ a new dye ( great ri*ness1 9 ! laboratory ( ,que5's ,college1 ,canada1 f an insect1 a species ( coccus1 f\nd ! previ\s summ] = ! fir/ "t on a tree ( ! common black spruce 7,abies nigra71 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,k+/on4 ,hav+ be5 b rec5tly obs]v$1 a suffici5t quantity _h n be5 obta9$ = a complete s]ies ( exp]im5ts z to its nature & uses2 b ! habits ( ! insect1 z well z ! prop]ties ( ! dye1 seem$ to indicate t x might become ( practical importance4 ,9 col\r x closely resembl$ ord9>y co*9eal1 b 0 r m sc>let 9 hue4 ,x 0 describ$ z capable ( be+ produc$ 9 temp]ate c\ntries4 ,! col\r+ matt] _h n !n be5 ?r[n ^u a base1 nor d we "k t x has s9ce be5 introduc$ z a pigm5t4 ,if x possess$ great] /ability ?an co*9eal1 ) equal brilliancy & dep?1 ?is dye might =m "o ( ^? col\rs ( ! future1 to ^: possible s\rces we w\ld direct att5tion4 #aje4 ,manganese ,r$4 ,bisulphide ( ars5ic comb9es ) basic metallic sulphides =m+ a class ( sulphur-salts1 call$ by ,b]zelius1 hyposulph>s5ites4 ,! hyposulph>s5ite ( manganese is a d>k r$ precipitate1 un9jur$ by sulphurett$ hydrog51 & s f> applicable z a pigm5t4 ,conta9+ ars5ic1 x w\ld ( c\rse be poison\s2 & w\ld probably be f\nd to fade on exposure to air & light4 #ajf4 ,murexide4 ,! r$ obta9$ f ?is sub/ance creat$ a great deal ( int]e/ among pr9t]s & dy]s on its introduction 9 #aheg1 or !reab\ts4 ,= purity & brilliancy ( %ade x 0 n excell$ by any o!r col\r1 b n be+ able to /& ! effects ( air & light1 its employm5t 0 limit$4 ,we are n aw>e t murexide has yet be5 br\ght =w>d z a pigm5t1 & judg+ f its "* z a dye1 x w\ld sc>cely enri* ! palette4 ,dyes & pigm5ts h mu* 9 common1 & a fugitive dye _c be expect$ to furni% a p]man5t pigm5t4 ,murexide is produc$ by ! action ( ammonia on alloxan1 :i* is itself d]iv$ f ! uric acid ( guano by treatm5t ) nitric acid1 & 0 kn[n ne>ly =ty ye>s back to /a9 ! f+]s & nails r$4 ,! fir/ murexide s5t into ! m>ket 0 a r$di%-purple p[d]1 dissolv+ 9 wat] ) a f9e purple t9t1 leav+ a little residue undissolv$4 ,ow+ to improvem5ts 9 manufacture1 x is n[ capable ( be+ prep>$ almo/ *emically pure1 & ) t gre5 metallic reflection peculi> to sev]al coal-t> salts & ! w+s ( c]ta9 insects4 ,:5 sulphurett$ hydrog5 is pass$ ?r\gh a conc5trat$ solution ( murexide1 x is imm$iately decol\r$2 a fact :i* r5d]s x likely t murexide pigm5ts w\ld be z liable to suff] f an impure atmosph]e1 z f exposure to light & air4 ,:5 an alkal9e solution ( murexide is precipitat$ by an acid1 a light %9+ p[d] results1 call$ purpuric acid4 ,?is dissolves 9 alkalies1 & comb9es ) metall9e bases to =m v>i\s col\r$ comp\nds1 t]m$ ,purpurates4 ,among !m may be m5tion$ a r$ purpurate ( lead1 a purple-r$ & a rose-col\r$ purpurate ( m]cury1 a purple-r$ purpurate ( silv]1 a d>k r$-br[n purpurate ( /rontia1 a cry/all9e r$ purpurate ( cobalt1 a sc>let purpurate ( plat9um1 a yell[ purpurate ( z9c1 & a gre5 purpurate ( b>yta4 ,all ( ^!1 h[ev]1 be+ m or less soluble 9 wat]1 & ow+ _! col\rs to murexide1 w\ld be ill adapt$ = pigm5ts4 #ajg4 ,paille de ,mil1 ,or ,african ,co*9eal1 is a sub/ance obta9$ f ,africa4 ,:e!r x has receiv$ its "n ( co*9eal f its appe>ance or orig9 is n cle>1 b x behaves m l galls & sumac ?an co*9eal1 ?\gh x does give a k9d ( r$ ) alum9a mordants4 ,! col\rs x yields are defici5t 9 brightness1 & x has o!rwise be5 report$ unfav\rably (4 #ajh4 ,peganum ,h>mala1 ,! se$s ( :i* af=d a r$ col\r1 has be5 inve/igat$ by ! ,fr5*1 b describ$ z inf]ior to exi/+ r$s bo? 9 brilliancy & /ability4 #aji4 ,p]sulphomolybdates4 ,! metallic comp\nds =m$ by ! comb9ation ( p]sulphomolybdic acid ) a base are pulv]ul5t1 9 _m cases ( a r$ col\r1 & = ! mo/ "p insoluble 9 wat]4 ,) b>ium1 ! acid furni%es a yell[i%-r$ p[d]1 insoluble 91 b made d5s] by wat]1 :i* imp>ts to x a c9nab> col\r4 ,) calcium x is said to yield a sc>let1 sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]4 ,) *romium1 uranium1 lead1 plat9um1 & copp]1 x gives a d>k r$2 t f ! la/ metal turn+ br[n :5 collect$ on a filt]4 ,x likewise produces r$s ) z9c1 cadmium1 iron1 m]cury1 & t92 ( :i* ! la/ is slightly soluble 9 wat]4 ,molybd5um be+ a r>e metal1 & p]sulphomolybdate ( pota%1 ! salt us$ 9 ! =ego+ reactions1 difficult to prep>e1 x is unlikely t ! col\rs nam$ w rank among ! pigm5ts ( ?is g5]ation4 ,nev]!less1 z we h obs]v$ be=e1 su* fancy products %\ld n be altoge!r ignor$1 x be+ q z well to h "s k ( our res\rces1 ev5 ?\gh ^? res\rces be n at pres5t available4 ,all ! r>e metals af=d col\r$ comp\nds3 tantalum1 niobium1 pelopium1 vanadium1 tellurium1 titanium1 yttrium1 lan?anum1 didymium1 gluc9um1 c]ium1 ?or9um1 zirconium1 palladium1 rhodium1 iridium1 ru!nium1 osmium1 indium1 ?allium1 c42 & x is j possible t "s ( ^! may "o day scrape acqua9tance ) ! palette4 #aaj4 ,r$ ,*alk1 ,! col\r+ matt] ( :i* is sesquioxide ( iron1 is us$ z a crayon4 ,"s specim5s are excessively h>d1 s mu* s t !y are difficult to cru%1 ev5 9 an iron mort>2 :ile o!rs h ! consi/5ce ( ! s(te/ iron-o*res4 ,!y v>y too 9 t9t f a fawn col\r to ! s(te/ brick-r$1 occasionally be+ almo/ z bright z a mixture ( equal weights ( v]milion & ,v5etian r$4 ,! am\nt ( iron oxide pres5t has be5 f\nd to range f f\r to ?irty-sev5 p] c5t1 accord+ to ! dep? & h>dness ( ! samples4 ,:5 a specim5 ( r$ *alk tol]ably ri*1 b n too ri*1 9 iron oxide is f9ely p[d]$ & /rongly ignit$1 x (f]s a rem>kable *ange ( col\r1 becom+ a dull sage-gre54 ,p]haps ?is1 if x 7 p]man5t1 might prove useful 9 foliage t9ts4 #aaa4 ,r$ ,precipitate1 ,or m]curic oxide1 may be obta9$ ei!r ( a brick-r$ or orange-yell[ col\r4 ,x is de/roy$ by impure air1 & on exposure to sun%9e gradually turns black1 be+ sup]ficially decompos$ into oxyg5 & metallic m]cury or m]cur\s oxide4 #aab4 ,rose ,p9k ,is a co>se k9d ( lake1 produc$ by dye+ *alk or :it5+ ) decoction ( ,brazil wood1 pea*wood1 sapan1 b>1 camwood1 c4 ,x is a pigm5t mu* us$ by pap]-/a9]s1 & 9 ! commone/ di/emp] pa9t+1 c41 b is too p]i%able to m]it ! att5tion ( ! arti/4 ,*evreul obta9$ a cry/all9e sub/ance f ,brazil wood1 :i* he look$ ^u z ! pure col\r+ matt]1 or z conta9+ ! pure col\r+ matt]1 & :i* gave r$ & crimson precipitates ) _m salts4 ,possibly "s ( ^! might prove m durable ?an ! r\ghly made rose p9k4 #aac4 ,r\ge1 ,! r\ge vgtale ( ! ,fr5*1 is a species ( c>m9e1 prep>$ f saffl[] or c>?amus1 :i* is ! fl[] ( a plant gr[+ 9 ! nor? ( ,africa1 ,india1 & o!r w>m climates4 ,saffl[] yields two col\rs--a valueless yell[ :i* dissolves 9 cold wat]1 & ab\t five p] c5t ( r$1 insoluble 9 wat] b dissolv$ by alkalies4 ,! r$1 or c>?am91 furni%es a pigm5t ( exquisite beauty1 m>k$ by ri*ness1 transp>5cy1 & free work+4 ,its extreme fugacity1 h[ev]1 militates aga9/ its employm5t by arti/s4 ,z a dye1 its mann] ( fix+ ^u fibre is diff]5t f t ( any o!r col\r+ matt]2 requir+ no mordant1 l madd] or co*9eal1 & ne$+ no solution1 l indigo or anotta1 b fix+ at once z soon z ! clo? is br\ght into contact ) x4 ,b ev5 = a dye ! col\r is fugitive1 fad+ aft] a few h\rs' exposure to sun%9e1 & sometimes be+ q blea*$ 9 ! c\rse ( a day4 ,x is :5 comb9$ ) levigat$ talc to =m ! pa9t ( ! toilette t ! r$ becomes mo/ s]viceable4 ,possess+ a peculi> s(tness & velvety gl[1 r\ge is an unrivall$--& a mo/ h>mless--aid to beauty4 ,*9ese ,r\ge & ,p9k ,sauc]s h mu* ( ! qualities (1 & appe> to be also prep>$ f1 ! saffl[]4 #aad4 ,rufigallic ,r$4 ,:5 a duly proportion$ mixture ( gallic acid & oil ( vitriol is c>efully & gradually heat$ to #adj1 a viscid w9e-r$ liquid results4 ,if ?is be p\r$ into cold wat]1 aft] cool+1 a heavy br[n-r$ granul> precipitate is =m$1 soluble 9 #cccc p>ts ( boil+ wat]4 ,x dissolves 9 pota%-ley1 & to fabrics impregnat$ ) alum or iron mordants1 imp>ts ! same %ades ( col\r z madd]2 ! col\rs s produc$ )/&+ soap b n *lor9e4 ,:e!r brilliant lakes c\ld be obta9$ f ! pota% solution ( ! r$1 & :e!r ^? r$s w\ld be /able1 x might be wor? :ile to asc]ta94 #aae4 ,s&al ,r$4 ,we h kept ?is sep>ate f o!r r$s d]iv$ f woods1 because x is said 7by ,pr(essor ,h4 ,dussance7 to be obta9able n only equal 9 beauty & brightness to c>m9e1 b ( great] p]man5ce4 ,! process ( prep>ation is z foll[s3--,! p[d]$ root exhau/$ by alcohol gives a solution to :i* hydrat$ oxide ( lead is add$ 9 excess4 ,! comb9ation ( col\r+ matt] & lead oxide is !n collect$ on a filt]1 wa%$ ) alcohol1 dri$1 dissolv$ 9 acetic acid1 & mix$ ) a quantity ( wat]4 ,! r$ be+ insoluble !re9 is precipitat$1 :ile ! acetate ( lead rema9s dissolv$4 ,aft] be+ wa%$1 ! col\r is dri$ at a l[ temp]ature4 ,! ,pr(essor affirms t ! r$ s produc$ is unaffect$ by sulphurett$ hydrog51 or by light & air2 & x is /at$ t ! col\r :i* 0 us$ to pa9t ! c>riages ( ! ,emp]or ,napoleon1 rema9$ z bright at ! end ( n9e ye>s z :5 x 0 put on4 ,possess+ su* prop]ties1 x is curi\s t ! r$ has nev] be5--9 ?is c\ntry at lea/--introduc$ z an arti/ic pigm5t1 ! m especially z sev5te5 ye>s h elaps$ s9ce its discov]y4 #aaf4 ,silv] ,r$4 ,by add+ mono*romate ( pota% to an acid solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 a p>ticul>ly f9e o*re-r$ is obta9$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 apt to be injur$ bo? by f\l air & exposure4 #aag4 ,sorgho ,r$4 ,"s n9e ye>s back !re 0 f\nd to be a c>m9e col\r+ matt] 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! ,*9ese sorgho1 *iefly 9 ! unpress$ /em4 ,! r$1 :i* is extract$ 9 an impure /ate1 is dissolv$ 9 weak pota%-ley1 ?r[n d[n by sulphuric acid1 & wa%$ ) wat]4 ,?is purifi$ product1 soluble 9 alcohol1 cau/ic alkalies1 & dilute acids1 has be5 employ$ 9 ,au/ria1 ,bad51 c41 = ! dye+ ( silks & wooll5s ) ! common t9 mordants4 ,! col\rs produc$ f x are un*ang$1 !y say1 by w>m soapsuds or light4 ,we d n "k :e!r ! r$ f\nd its way to ,engl&1 b x has c]ta9ly n appe>$ "h z a pigm5t4 #aah4 ,?allium ,r$4 ,! orange-yell[ precipitate =m$ by mix+ a neutral salt ( protoxide ( ?allium ) bi*romate ( pota%1 is conv]t$ by nitric acid into an orange-r$4 ,! latt] comp\nd1 :i* is a t]*romate1 is almo/ insoluble 9 cold wat]1 #bhad p>ts be+ requir$ to dissolve x4 ,if ! col\r be boil$ 9 a l>ge excess ( mod]ately /rong nitric acid x is dissolv$1 yield+ magnific5t c9nab> r$ cry/als on ! solution cool+4 ,^! cry/als likewise seem to be ! t]*romate4 #aai4 ,t9 ,p9k4 ,by ignit+ /rongly = "s h\rs a mixture ( /annic oxide1 *alk1 *romate ( pota%1 & a little silica & alum9a1 a d+y r$ mass is obta9$1 :i* acquires a beautiful rose-r$ col\r on be+ wa%$ ) wat] conta9+ hydro*loric acid4 ,= ! same reason t ! p9ks ( cobalt are sup]flu\s z arti/ic pigm5ts1 ?is t9 product is comm]cially ineligible4 ,hav+1 h[ev]1 ! advantage ( be+ *eap1 & be+ probably durable1 x w\ld be well adapt$ = ! common purposes ( pa9t+1 9 place ( ! fugitive rose p9k4 #abj4 ,ultram>9e ,r$8 ,9 ,gmel9's ,h&book ( ,*emi/ry x is rem>k$ t ,hydrog5 gas pass$ ov] ignit$ ultram>9e1 col\rs x light r$1 f =mation ( liv] ( sulphur1 hydrosulphuric acid gas & wat] be+ evolv$ at ! same "t4 ,on mo/ c>efully mak+ ! exp]im5t ) a sample ( native blue 7! v>iety ref]r$ to7 we did n succe$ 9 effect+ ?is *ange3 no alt]ation to r$ or ev5 to purple took place1 ! only result be+ t ! col\r 0 entirely spoilt1 hav+ assum$ a lead5 slate-gray hue4 ,at our reque/1 ! trial 0 k9dly repeat$ by well-kn[n *emi/s1 :o took e precaution to ensure success4 ,sev]al specim5s ( ultram>9e 7 act$ ^u1 b 9 no case 0 a r$ or any?+ l a r$ obta9$1 ! products rang+ f a slate-gray to a drab-grey4 ,suffici5t hydrosulphuric acid gas 0 evolv$ to black5 pap] moi/5$ ) acetate ( lead1 a fact :i* prov$ t ! blue _h lo/ "s ( its sulphur4 ,see+ t n only no r$ 0 produc$1 b t no t5d5cy to r$ 0 imp>t$1 is x possible ! *ange describ$ by ,gmel9 occurr$ "u exceptional circum/ances8 ,all conv]sant ) *emical matt]s w admit t results are obta9$ occasionally :i* _c be repeat$1 ow+ x may be to "s slight diff]5ce 9 ! mat]ials employ$1 or "s slight v>iation ( ! process4 ,p]haps a l9k1 consid]$ ( no importance at ! "t & ov]look$1 has be5 lo/1 & ?us ! :ole *a9 ( proce$+ becomes useless4 ,x is1 !re=e1 )9 ! b\nds ( probability t ! r$ ultram>9e ( ! great ,g]man *emi/ 0 furni%$ ei!r by a peculi> specim5 ( blue1 or by a modifi$ =m ( ! me?od he gives4 ,we h notic$ ! subject at "s l5g? because if a r$ ultram>9e1 brilliant & durable1 c\ld be obta9$1 ! col\r might prove ( value4 ,a p]man5t artificial comp\nd correspond+ to ,fr5* blue w\ld c]ta9ly be an acquisition4 #aba4 ,uranium ,r$4 ,by treat+ ! yell[ sulphite ( uranium ) a prolong$ curr5t ( sulphurett$ hydrog51 & saturat+ gradually ) ammonia1 a r$ f9ally results4 ,?is col\r is insoluble 9 wat]1 & x has ! objection ( rema9+ p>tially susp5d$ = an almo/ indef9ite "t1 col\r+ ! liquid light r$4 ,! product is bright] & m beautiful :ile moi/2 :5 dri$ & p[d]$1 its tone--slightly approa*+ v]milion--is dull]4 ,! col\r may be obta9$ ( sev]al degrees ( brilliancy1 b1 ap>t f ! "q ( exp5se1 x w\ld be inadmissible 9 oil1 ! r$ gradually alt]+ by contact !re)4 ,! mo/ p]si/5t t9t at l5g? resembles burnt ,si5na4 #abb4 ,wong%y ,r$4 ,!re 0 import$ a few ye>s ago f ,batavia a new col\r+ pr9ciple1 "u ! "n ( wong%y1 & consi/+ ( ! se$-capsule ( a species ( g5tian4 ,! aque\s extract1 fre$ f ! pect9 :i* x conta9s1 yields ) b>yta- & lime-wat] yell[ precipitates1 f :i* acids sep>ate ! col\r+ matt] ( a v]milion hue4 ,:5 ?us prep>$ x is insoluble 9 wat]1 & w\ld s f> be adapt$ = a pigm5t4 ,! r$ has n1 h[ev]1 be5 employ$ z su*1 & we are unacqua9t$ ) its habitudes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! conclud+ rem>ks app5d$ to ! *apt] on yell[ apply equally to r$1 & inde$ to all o!r col\rs4 ,x is n assum$ t ! li/ is exhau/$3 !re are o!r r$s1 b !y are1 l "s we h m5tion$1 ineligible z pigm5ts1 ei!r by reason ( _! fugacity1 _! co/l9ess1 ! difficulty ( produc+ !m on a scale1 or ! s\rces :5ce !y are d]iv$ be+ comm]cially unavailable4 ,:ile endeav\r+ ?r\gh\t ! "w to r5d] complete ! collection ( pigm5ts actually 9 use1 x is our object to give a selection only ( numb]$ italicis$ col\rs2 ample en\gh1 h[ev]1 to include ^? :i* h become obsolete or ne>ly s1 & full en\gh to af=d "s insight into our res\rces4 ,! ne>] we approa* p]fection1 ! m eag] we are to arrive at x3 ! pa? be=e u1 !re=e1 _c fail to be ( int]e/4 ,look+ back1 & not+ ^? pigm5ts commonly employ$1 we f9d t ! r$s l ! yell[s are divisible into ?ree classes--! good1 bad1 & indiff]5t2 or ! p]man5t1 ! semi-/able1 & ! fugitive4 ,among p]man5t r$s1 rank cadmium r$1 madd] r$s1 ,m>s r$1 ! o*res1 & v]milions4 ,9 ! second or semi-/able class1 mu/ be plac$ co*9eal lakes1 ,indian lake1 & r$ *rome4 ,to ! ?ird division1 or ! fugitive1 belong dragon's blood1 pure sc>let1 r$ lead1 & ! coal-t> r$s4 ,) reg>d to ! =ego+ classification1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! prop]ties & effects ( pigm5ts are mu* influ5c$ by adv5titi\s circum/ances4 ,sometimes pigm5ts are v>i$ or altoge!r *ang$ by ! gr\nds on :i* !y are employ$1 ! vehicles 9 :i* !y are us$1 ! siccatives & col\rs ) :i* !y are mix$1 & ! v>ni%es by :i* !y are cov]$4 ,& z !re is no exact & con/ant agreem5t 9 diff]5t specim5s ( l pigm5ts1 s !re is no exact & con/ant result 9 _! use4 ,arti/s v>y z mu* z ! pigm5ts !y employ3 "s resemble ! old ma/]s 9 ! delicacy ) :i* !y treat _! col\rs1 ! cleanl9ess ) :i* !y surr\nd !m1 & ! c>e ) :i* !y comp\nd !m3 9 ! h&s ( su* arti/s pigm5ts h e *ance4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 are *>act]iz$ by a c>eless manipulation1 a dirty mode ( work+1 an utt] disreg>d = all rules ( admixture3 ) su* pa9t]s ! be/ col\rs may be ru9$4 ,& "h1 inde$1 x may be ask$1 :e!r ^! latt] are n m prop]ly t]m$ pa9t]s ?an arti/s1 *iefly belong+ z !y d to t slap-da% s*ool :i* manufactures pictures simply to sell !m4 ,duly subord9at$1 ! comm]cial side ( art has a value :i* x 7 affectation to ignore2 b to pa9t m]ely = ! pres5t1 he$less ( ! future1 is to s9k art to ! level ( a trade1 n ! mo/ hone/4 ,= x is ! pur*as] :o suff]s f ! want ( ?\ght be/[$ on ! mat]ials1 ! sloppy manipulation1 ! c>eless comp\nd+2 s9s ( omission & commission t cause him1 on f9d+ 8 picture becom+ *aos1 to jo9 ! detractors ( mod]n pigm5ts4 ,9 classify+ col\rs !re=e1 ^? also %\ld be classifi$ :o use !m3--into arti/s1 ^: love = art w\ld r5d] x m la/+ ?an !mselves2 & into pa9t]s1 ^: motto is ,vita brevis e/1 ,ars quoque4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,on ,,! ,,prim>y1 ,,blue4 ,! ?ird & la/ ( ! prim>y or simple col\rs is blue1 :i* be>s ! same relation to %ade z yell[ to light4 ,h5ce x is ! mo/ retir+ & diffusive ( all col\rs1 except purple & black2 & all col\rs h ! p[] ( ?r[+ x back 9 pa9t+1 to a great] or less ext5t1 9 proportion to ! intimacy ( _! relations to light--fir/ :ite1 !n yell[1 orange1 r$1 c4 ,blue alone possesses entirely ! quality te*nically call$ 'coldness' 9 col\r+1 & x communicates ?is prop]ty v>i\sly to all o!r col\rs ) :i* x happ5s to be comp\nd$4 ,mo/ p[]ful 9 a /rong light1 x seems to become neutral & pale 9 a decl9+ light1 ow+ to its rul+ aff9ity ) black or %ade1 & its p[] ( absorb+ light4 ,consequ5tly1 ! eye ( ! arti/ is liable to be deceiv$ :5 pa9t+ ) blue 9 too l[ a light1 or t[>d ! close ( day1 to ! endang]+ ( ! w>m? & h>mony ( 8 picture4 ,ent]+ into comb9ation ) yell[ 9 ! composition ( all gre5s1 & ) r$ 9 all purples1 blue *>act]izes ! t]ti>y olive1 & is also ! prime col\r or ar*eus ( ! neutral black1 c41 z well z ( ! semi-neutral gray1 c43 x !re=e is *ang$ 9 hue less ?an any o!r col\r by mixture ) black1 z x is likewise by di/ance4 ,blue is pres5t subord9ately 9 all t]ti>y & brok5 col\rs1 & be+ ne>e/ 9 ! scale to black1 breaks & contra/s p[]fully & agreeably ) :ite1 z 9 pale blues1 skies1 c4 ,be+ less active ?an ! o!r prim>ies 9 reflect+ light1 x is soon] lo/ z a local col\r by assimilation ) di/ance4 ,!re is an anci5t doctr9e t ! azure ( ! sky is a comp\nd ( light & d>kness1 & "s h argu$ h5ce t blue is n a prim>y col\r1 b a mixture ( black & :ite2 b pure or neutral black & :ite comp\nd 9 inf9ite %ades1 all ( :i* are neutral also1 or grey4 ,x is true t a mixture ( black & :ite is ( a cool hue1 because black is n a prim>y col\r1 b a comp\nd ( ! ?ree prim>y col\rs 9 :i* blue pr$om9ates1 a pr$om9ance :i* is r5d]$ m s5sible :5 black is dilut$ ) :ite4 ,z to ! col\r ( ! sky1 9 :i* light & %ade are comb9$1 t is likewise neutral1 & nev] blue except by contra/2 ?us1 ! m ! light ( ! sun p>takes ( a gold5 or orange hue1 & ! m p>*$ & burnt ! e>? is1 ! blu] appe>s ! sky1 z 9 ,italy & all hot c\ntries4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e ! sun is cool]1 & a p]petual v]dure reigns1 infus+ blue lat5tly into ! l&scape1 ! sky is w>m] & ne>] to neutrality1 p>tak+ ( a div]sity ( greys1 :i* beautifully melodize ) blue z _! key1 & h>monize ) ! light & l&scape4 ,!re=e ! col\r ( ! sky is always a contra/ to ! direct & reflect$ light ( ! sc5e3 if ?is light 7 ( a rose col\r1 ! neutral ( ! sky w\ld be conv]t$ into gre51 or if purple1 ! sky w\ld become yell[4 ,simil>ly w\ld x be 9 all cases1 accord+ to ! laws ( *romatic equival5ce & contra/1 z may be (t5 se5 9 ! op5+s ( col\r$ cl\ds at ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun4 ,9 art1 blue is apt to be discordant 9 juxtaposition ) gre51 & less s ) purple1 bo? :i* are cool col\rs2 consequ5tly blue requires its contra/1 orange1 9 equal proportion :e!r ( surface or int5sity1 to comp5sate or resolve its dissonances & correct its coldness4 ,9 nature1 h[ev]1 blue is n discordant ) ei!r gre5 or purple1 nor are any two col\rs 7z we h said be=e7 ev] f\nd s4 ,on ! palette ( nature ea* col\r is an example ( col\r+3 no col\r is too absolute or def9$1 no p]fectly pure blue appe>s beside a p]fectly pure gre54 ,a blue fl[] ne/l$ 9 its gre5 leaves does n (f5d ! nice/ eye1 b ! blue & gre5 are n blue & gre5 alone4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 b a s+le gleam ( pure col\r 9 ea*3 ! re/ is compos$ ( su* v>i$ hues & t9ts & %ades1 s brok5 & bl5d$ & beautifully h>moniz$1 t no j>r+ discord is possible4 ,hue melts into hue1 t9t into t9t1 %ade into %ade2 & ?us does ! simple/ we$ tea* a lesson 9 col\r+ ! pr\de/ pa9t] may /oop to le>n4 ,we h spok5 ( blue1 :i* is t]m$ a cold col\r1 z retir+2 & ( yell[ & r$1 :i* are call$ w>m col\rs1 z advanc+4 ,by ?is we mu/ n be und]/ood to mean t blue1 z blue1 expresses di/ance2 or t yell[ & r$1 z yell[ & r$1 express ne>ness4 ,col\rs are advanc+ or retir+ 9 _! quality--z dep?1 delicacy1 c41 n 9 _! hue4 ,a blue object set side-by-side a yell[ "o w n look an in* f>!r (f1 b a r$ or orange cl\d1 9 ! upp] sky1 w always seem to be beyond a blue cl\d close to u1 z x is 9 reality4 ,we grant t 9 c]ta9 objects1 blue is a sign ( di/ance1 b t is n because blue1 z a m]e col\r1 is retir+2 b because ! mi/ 9 ! air is blue1 & !re=e any w>m col\r :i* has n /r5g? ( light en\gh to pi]ce ! mi/ is lo/ or subdu$ 9 its blue4 ,blue 9 itself1 h[ev]1 is no m1 on ?is acc\nt1 retir+1 ?an br[n is retir+1 because :5 /ones are se5 ?r\gh br[n wat]1 ! deep] !y lie1 ! br[n] !y appe>4 ,nei!r blue nor yell[ nor r$ possesses1 z su*1 ! smalle/ p[] ( express+ ei!r ne>ness or di/ance2 !y m]ely express !mselves "u ! peculi> circum/ances :i* r5d] !m at ! mom5t1 or 9 t place1 signs ( ne>ness or di/ance4 ,?us1 purple 9 a violet is a sign ( ne>ness1 because ! clos] x is look$ at ! m purple is se52 b purple 9 a m\nta9 is a sign ( di/ance1 because a m\nta9 close at h& is n purple1 b gre5 or grey4 ,x may1 inde$1 be g5]ally assum$ t a t5d] or pale col\r w m or less d5ote di/ance1 & a p[]ful or d>k col\r ne>ness2 b ev5 ?is is n always s4 ,hea!ry hills w usually give a pale & t5d] purple ne>1 & an int5se or d>k purple f> away3 ! rose col\r ( sunset on sn[ is pale on ! sn[ at "o's feet1 b deep & full on ! sn[ 9 ! di/ance2 & ! gre5 ( a ,swiss lake is pale 9 ! cle> waves on ! bea*1 b int5se z an em]ald 9 ! sun/reak1 six miles f %ore4 ,& 9 any case1 :5 ! =egr\nd is 9 /rong light1 ) mu* wat] ab\t x or :ite surface1 ca/+ int5se reflections1 all its col\rs may be p]fectly delicate1 pale1 & fa9t2 :ile ! di/ance1 :5 x is 9 %ad[1 may relieve ! :ole =egr\nd ) deepe/ %ades ( purple1 blue gre51 or ultram>9e blue4 ,!re is "o law1 h[ev]1 ab\t di/ance1 :i* has "s claims to be consid]$ con/ant1 namely1 t dulness & heav9ess ( col\r are m or less indicative ( ne>ness4 ,all di/ant col\r is pure col\r3 x may n be bright1 b x is cle> & lovely1 n opaque nor soil$2 = ! air & light com+ betwe5 u & any e>?y or imp]fect col\r1 purify or h>monize x2 h5ce a bad col\ri/ is peculi>ly incapable ( express+ di/ance4 ,x is n ( c\rse meant t bad col\rs are to be us$ 9 ! =egr\nd by way ( mak+ x come =w>d2 b only t a failure 9 col\r !re w n put x out ( its place4 ,a failure 9 col\r 9 ! di/ance w at once d away ) its remot5ess2 a dull-col\r$ =egr\nd w /ill be a =egr\nd1 ?\gh col\r$ badly2 b an ill-pa9t$ di/ance w n be m]ely a dull di/ance1 x w be no di/ance at all4 ,?is seem+ digression is n out ( place1 z x w enable ! arti/ bett] to und]/& t x is 9 _! quality1 n 9 _! hue1 t col\rs are advanc+ or retir+2 & t he mu/ rely on ! dep?1 delicacy1 c41 ( 8 pigm5ts1 & n simply on _! col\rs1 to produce effects ( di/ance4 ,( all col\rs1 except black1 blue contra/s :ite mo/ p[]fully4 ,9 all h>moni\s comb9ations ( col\rs1 :e!r ( mixture or neighb\rhood1 blue is ! natural1 prime1 or pr$om9at+ p[]4 ,accord+ly1 blue is univ]sally agreeable to ! eye 9 due relation to ! composition1 & may m frequ5tly be repeat$ !re91 pure or unbrok51 ?an ei!r ( ! o!r prim>ies2 :5ce ! employm5t ( ultram>9e by "s ma/]s ?r\gh\t ! col\r+ ( a picture4 ,blue pigm5ts1 l blue fl[]s1 are m r>e ?an ^? ( ! o!r prim>y col\rs4 ,9 p]man5t blues ! palette is v defici5t1 ! li/ be+ exhau/$ :5 ! native & artificial ultram>9es & ! cobalts h be5 m5tion$4 ,t !re is room = new blues1 durable & di/9ct1 _c !re=e be d5i$4 ,a good addition has be5 made ( late ye>s 9 ! ,g]man ,col91 kn[n "h z ,c]ulian ,blue & ,co]uleum4 ,:at is *iefly want$1 h[ev]1 is a col\r comb9+ ! wond]ful dep?1 ri*ness1 & transp>5cy ( ,prussian blue ) ! /rict /ability ( ultram>9e4 ,a p]man5t ,prussian blue w\ld be ! mo/ valu$ gift ! palette c\ld receive4 ,,cobalt ,,blues comprise ,c]ulian ,blue or ,co]uleum1 ,cobalt ,blue1 ,smalt1 ,royal ,blue1 ,dumont's ,blue1 ,saxon ,blue1 ,?n>d's ,blue1 ,lei?n]'s ,blue1 ,hung>y ,blue1 ,dut* ,ultram>9e1 ,zaffre or ,enamel ,blue1 ,vi5na ,blue1 ,p>is ,blue1 ,azure1 c41 & are obta9$ by ! action ( heat on mixtures ( e>?y or metallic bases ) cobalt4 ,!y are divisible into ?ree classes--! /annic c]ulian blue1 ! alum9\s cobalt blues1 & ! silice\s smalts4 ,( ^!1 ! fir/ possesses ! lea/ dep?2 ! second hold a middle position2 :ile ! ?ird are m>k$ by exce$+ ri*ness4 ,al?\gh n to be rank$ ) ultram>9e1 ! /annic & alum9\s blues may be describ$ z durable1 or at lea/ z durable r ?an semi-/able4 ,!re are1 z we h be=e obs]v$1 diff]5t degrees ( p]man5ce1 & ! blues 9 "q are n readily affect$4 ,) reg>d to smalts1 !y are1 z arti/'s pigm5ts1 inf]ior 9 /ability to o!r blues ( cobalt4 #abc4 ,,c]ulian ,,blue1 or ,co]uleum4 ,"u ! "n ,col9 !re has ( late ye>s be5 import$ f ,g]many ! cobalt blue ) a t9 base to :i* ref]5ce has j be5 made4 ,?is comp>atively new pigm5t--:i* likewise conta9s or is mix$ ) gypsum1 silica1 & sometimes magnesia--has ! di/9ctive prop]ty ( appe>+ a pure blue by artificial light1 t5d+ nei!r to gre5 on ! "o h& nor to purple on ! o!r4 ,?is advantage1 add$ to its p]man5ce1 has conf]r$ a popul>ity ^u co]uleum :i* its m]e col\r w\ld sc>cely h ga9$ = x4 ,a light & pleas+ blue1 ) a gre5i%-grey ca/ by day1 x possesses little dep? or ri*ness1 & is f> excell$ 9 beauty by a good alum9\s cobalt4 ,a c]ta9 *alk9ess1 moreov]1 some:at detracts f its transp>5cy1 & militates aga9/ its use 9 wat]4 ,x is 9 oil1 & z a night col\r1 t co]uleum becomes ( s]vice1 z our pres5t sy/em ( light+ picture gall]ies by gas affects ! purity ( blues g5]ally4 ,if ^? gall]ies 7 illum9at$ by means ( ! electric light1 we h x on ! au?ority ( ,*evreul t all col\rs & %ades w\ld %[ z well z by day3 ! same purpose w\ld be answ]$ by ! magnesium light4 ,"s artificial lights are ! ru9 ( col\rs2 9 ! soda flame 7alcohol & salt7 = in/ance1 yell[ *romate ( lead appe>s :ite1 :ile r$ o*re & anil9e blue appe> black4 ,l o!r blues ( cobalt1 co]uleum assumes a gre5i% obscurity 9 "t1 b l !m x resi/s = a l5g!n$ p]iod bo? ! action ( light & impure air1 al?\gh *emically x is m op5 to ! influ5ce ( ! latt]1 ow+ to its t9 base4 ,9 admixture x may safely be employ$1 z well z 9 fresco or enamel4 ,= /age skies1 c41 9 high-art sc5]y1 ! blue is admirably adapt$4 ,n[ t !re are s _m sc5e-pa9t]s :o are arti/s--& s _m arti/s :o are sc5e-pa9t]s--9 br++ ,nature to ! foot-lights ! effect ( gas on col\rs is ( importance4 #abd4 ,,cobalt ,,blue1 to :i* ! v>i\s appellations h be5 giv5 ( ,?n>d's ,blue1 ,vi5na ,blue1 ,p>is ,blue1 ,azure1 ,cobalt-,ultram>9e1 c41 is ! "n n[ exclusively conf9$ to t prep>ation ( cobalt :i* has a base ( alum9a4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be n improp]ly call$ a blue lake1 ! col\r ( :i* is br\ght up by fire1 9 ! mann] ( enamel blues4 ,! discov]y ( ?is important pigm5t 0 made 9 #ahjb by ,m4 ,?n>d1 :o obta9$ x by calc9+ a well-comb9$ mixture ( alum9a & cry/als ( cobalt4 ,!re may be employ$ ) ! alum9\s base1 ei!r ! ars5iate1 ! borate1 or ! phosphate ( cobalt2 b ! latt] 9 pref]5ce1 z x produces ! pure/ col\r4 ,! ars5iate has always a violet t+e1 m visible by gas-light ?an by day2 :ile1 on acc\nt ( ! ars5ic1 ! blue is m apt to be gre5$ by impure air1 by reason ( ! =mation ( yell[ sulphide ( ars5ic4 ,! purity ( ! col\r1 h[ev]1 does n altoge!r dep5d on ! comp\nd ( cobalt us$2 9 a great measure--z ) o!r pigm5ts--x re/s on ! purity ( ! mat]ials4 ,to obta9 a p]fect blue1 nei!r incl9+ to purple nor gre51 ! cobalt & alum9a %\ld be fre$ f iron1 & ! =m]1 z mu* z possible1 f nickel also4 ,) ! abs5ce ( ^! & prop] skill1 a true & brilliant blue may be produc$1 almo/ rivall+ ! f9e/ ultram>9e4 ,ap>t1 too1 f its increas$ beauty1 a cobalt blue conta9+ no iron or nickel is ( great] p]man5ce ?an ! ord9>y products1 be+ less liable to t gre5ness & obscurity :i* "t conf]s4 ,?\gh n possess+ ! body1 transp>5cy1 & dep? ( ultram>9e1 nor its natural & mode/ hue1 comm]cial cobalt blue works bett] 9 wat] ?an t pigm5t 9 g5]al does2 & is h5ce an acquisition to ^? :o h n ! managem5t ( ! latt]4 ,resi/+ ! action ( /rong light & acids1 its beauty decl9es by "t1 :ile impure air gre5s & ultimately black5s x4 ,nev]!less1 ^! *anges are n readily effect$1 especially 9 well made samples full ( col\r1 & sometimes ! gre5 tone is me*anically imp>t$4 ,:at :eat is to a loaf1 col\r is to a pigm5t--x has to be gr\nd & made up = use2 9 ! "o vehicle to be mix$ ) gums1 9 ! o!r ) oils4 ,x (t5 happ5s t col\rs h an antipa?y to ! latt]1 & refuse to comp\nd k9dly !re)4 ,occasionally ?is repugnance manife/s itself 9 a few days1 occasionally n = mon?s4 ,we "k ( a gre5 :i* flatly decl9es to h any?+ to d ) oils1 s9k+ & sep>at+ !refrom 9 ! c\rse ( a week1 & leav+ ! cle> oil on ! top4 ,repeat$ly h col\rs to be coax$ to behave !mselves z pigm5ts1 coax$ n to 'run1' to "w well1 to dry well1 c42 & 9 ! hum\r+ ( _! likes & dislikes ! skill & pati5ce ( ! arti/-col\rman are sometimes sev]ely tax$4 ,giv5 a col\r1 x might puzzle mo/ *emi/s to conv]t x into a pigm5t2 luckily ,comm]ce l5ds h] aid4 ,la/+ success1 x is true1 does n always foll[1 & oils w rise to ! surface n[ & !n1 giv+ gre5 hues to blues1 orange hues to r$s1 & buff hues to yell[s4 ,h5ce *anges ( col\r h be5 imput$ be=e n[ to *emical alt]ation1 :5 9 reality ! results h be5 physical1 caus$ by ! subsid5ce ( ! pigm5ts1 & ! float+ ( ! vehicles employ$4 ,cobalt blue dries well 9 oil1 does n injure or suff] injury f pigm5ts 9 g5]al1 & may be us$ ) a prop] flux 9 enamel1 z well z 9 fresco4 ,x af=ds cle> bright t9ts 9 skies & di/ances1 b is apt to cause opacity if br\ght too ne> ! =egr\nd1 & to assume a violet t+e by artificial light4 ,) madd] br[n x yields a range ( f9e pe>ly neutrals2 & ) light r$1 9 any proportion1 gives beautiful cl\d t9ts4 ,9 comb9ation ) aureol9 & sepia1 or rose madd]1 cobalt furni%es mo/ agreeable & delicate t9ts = di/ant trees1 :5 "u ! influ5ce ( a s(t light1 or hazy /ate ( ! atmosph]e4 ,9 wat]-col\r pa9t+1 cobalt is tol]ably firm on pap]1 & consequ5tly answ]s bett] = "s purposes ?an ,fr5* blue4 ,9 middle di/ances1 if ! cobalt possess a t5d5cy to *alk9ess1 ! addition ( a little indigo is a good corrective1 especially :]e ! blue tone is requir$ to be sombre & d>k3 x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be obs]v$ t ! *ange is b tempor>y1 indigo be+ a fugitive pigm5t4 ,9 m>9e pa9t+ 9 wat]-col\rs1 cobalt is mo/ useful = ! remote/ p>ts ( seas & headl&s4 ,:5 dry1 x c be *ang$ by go+ ov] x ) a slight wa% ( v]milion or light r$1 :]eby a prismatic "* is realiz$4 ,any /r5g? ( tone c be obta9$ by repeat+ ! wa%es1 & %\ld ! col\r be too p[]ful1 x may be r$uc$ by p\nc+ x ) a s(t wet sponge2 or if too cold & blue1 by a ?9 wa% ( burnt ,si5na1 m]ely ! wat] /a9$4 ,! blues ( cobalt1 on :atev] base !y may be prep>$1 are di/+ui%$ f native & artificial ultram>9es by n be+ decoloris$ by acids4 #abe4 ,,smalt1 ,inv5t$ ab\t ! ye> #aedj1 9 ,saxony1 is a vitre\s comp\nd ( cobalt & silica1 9 fact a blue glass4 ,s9ce ! fifte5? c5tury1 cobalt has be5 us$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe to t+e glass2 & s int5se is ! col\r+ p[] ( its oxide1 t pure :ite glass is r5d]$ s5sibly blue by ! addition ( "o ?\s&? "p1 :ile "o tw5ty-?\s&? "p communicates a p]ceptible azure t9t4 ,9 common ) cobalt blue1 ! "n ,azure has sometimes be5 giv5 to x4 ,v>y+ exce$+ly 9 quality & col\r1 ! r\gh] k9ds h be5 employ$ by ! laundress1 & 9 ! mak+ ( porcela91 pott]y1 /a9$ glass1 encau/ic tiles1 c42 z well z to cov] ! yell[ t+e ( pap]4 ,= ?is la/ purpose1 h[ev]1 smalt is n p]fectly adapt$1 ! col\r be+ difficult to lay on uni=mly1 & ! pap] :5 writt5 on blunt+ ! nibs ( p5s4 ,h5ce x has be5 sup]s$$ to a great ext5t by artificial ultram>9e1 ! pres5ce ( :i* may be detect$ by ! yell[ spot :i* a drop ( acid leaves on ! pap]4 ,a co>se gritty texture is peculi> to smalt1 :e!r x be ! ,p[d] ,blue ( ! wa%tub & ,blue ,s& ( ! pott]y1 or ! ,dumont's & ,royal ,blue ( ! arti/ & high-class manufactur]4 ,b ! /rict /ability :i* is a feature 9 smalt :5 us$ = pa9t+ on glass & enamel does n foll[ x to ! /udio3 bo? 9 wat] & oil its beauty soon decays1 z is (t5 ! case ) o!r vitrifi$ pigm5ts2 nor is x 9 o!r respects eligible1 be+1 not)/&+ its ri*ness & dep?1 v inf]ior to ! cobalts prec$+4 ,x may seem a p>adox t ! same col\r %\ld be at once s durable & s fugitive1 b we may briefly expla9 x by say+ :5 vitre\s pigm5ts are r$uc$ to t extreme /ate ( division :i* ! palette requires1 !y lose ! prop]ties !y possess 9 a less f9ely divid$ /ate4 ,! be/ smalt 9 lumps appe>s black1 yields a blue p[d] on gr9d+1 becomes pal] on fur!r gr9d+1 & may be almo/ decol\ris$ by cont9u$ & excessive gr9d+4 ,smalt1 x has be5 /at$1 is m]ely a blue glass2 & :5 a piece ( blue glass1 or a blue cry/al ( sulphate ( copp]1 is r$uc$ to ! f95ess ( fl\r1 ! blue is lo/4 ,9 vitrifi$ & cry/allis$ comp\nds1 col\r dep5ds on cohesion3 suffici5tly sep>ate ! p>ticles1 & ! col\r m or less disappe>s4 ,n only1 moreov]1 does gr9d+ effect an optical *ange 9 vitre\s pigm5ts1 b x imposes fur!r alt]ation4 ,t col\r :i* 0 safe :5 lock$ up 9 a mass1 cru%$ to m9ute atoms is no long] s3 imb$d$ 9 glass or enamel x w endure = ages1 b gr\nd to impalpable p[d] becomes z liable to influ5ce z ?\gh x _h nev] be5 subject$ to heat at all4 ,to sum up1 vitre\s pigm5ts are durable 9 a co>se or compact =m1 b are n m /able ?an o!rs :5 r$uc$ to extreme division4 ,z f> z reg>ds arti/s' col\rs1 !re=e1 vitrification does n imp>t p]man5ce4 ,! gritt9ess to :i* we h ref]r$ is "o ( ! defects ( smalt1 :i* _c1 consi/5tly ) pres]v+ its col\r be entirely fre$ f t drawback--an objection :i* p]ta9s to vitre\s pigm5ts 9 g5]al4 ,h5ce x does n wa% well1 & 9 mural decoration is sometimes appli$ to "w by /rew+ ! dry p[d]$ col\r ^u a flat gr\nd ( :ite or blue oil pa9t imm$iately aft] ! latt] is laid on1 :il/ x yet rema9s wet4 ,( little body1 x is a vivid & gorge\s blue2 bright1 deep1 & transp>5t1 bord]+ on ! violet hue4 ,x is *iefly employ$ 9 illum9ation & fl[] pa9t+4 ,! inf]ior k9ds ( smalt are occasionally adult]at$ ) *alk4 #abf4 ,,cyan9e4 ,beckmann is fully conv9c$ t ! cyanus ( ,!ophra/us & ! co]uleum ( ,pl9y 7 a blue copp] e>?4 ,h[ev] t may be1 9 ^! days bo? names signify cobalt comp\nds1 co]uleum be+ a /annate ( cobalt1 & cyan9e a mixture ( cobalt & ,prussian blue4 ,unlike ! =m]1 cyan9e1 be+ compos$ ( two old col\rs1 c lay no claim to orig9ality4 ,9 ! f\r? *apt] x 0 obs]v$1 x is q possible = ! arti/ to multiply 8 pigm5ts unnecess>ily4 ,col\rs are sometimes br\ght out "u new names :i* h no claim to be reg>d$ z new col\rs1 be+1 inde$1 m]e mixtures4 ,comp\nd pigm5ts l ^! may mo/ frequ5tly be disp5s$ )1 9 fav\r ( hues & t9ts compos$ extemporane\sly ( orig9al col\rs ^u ! palette4 ,:e!r ^! rem>ks are applicable to cyan9e or n is a "q = arti/s to decide3 9 our op9ion1 ) s _m semi-/able orig9al pigm5ts1 ! introduction ( semi-/able comp\nds is to be deprecat$4 ,cyan9e is a ri*1 deep1 transp>5t blue1 b its ri*ness & dep?1 z well z to a great ext5t its transp>5cy1 dep5d ^u ,prussian blue1 :i* is n /rictly /able4 ,h5ce ! peculi> prop]ties ( cyan9e rema9 un*ang$ only s long z ! ,prussian blue itself1 ! pigm5t los+ its col\r by degrees on exposure to air & light1 & gradually assum+ ! t9t ( ! pal] b m p]man5t cobalt4 ,a mixture1 be x rememb]$1 necess>ily p>takes ( ! qualities ( its con/itu5ts1 & if "o ( ^! be fugitive1 ! comp\nd _c pres]ve its orig9al hue4 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s1 a comp\nd simil> to cyan9e has appe>$1 "u ! "n ( ,leit*'s ,blue4 #abg4 ,,indigo1 or ,indian ,blue1 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts "u ! "n ( ,indicum1 :5ce its pres5t appellation4 ,9 mod]n ,europe1 x fir/ came into ext5sive use 9 ,italy2 b ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! ,dut* began to import & employ x 9 consid]able quantity4 ,pres5t 9 ! woad plant1 :i* is a native ( ,great ,brita91 indigo is *iefly d]iv$ f a g5us ( legum9\s plants call$ ,indig(]a1 f\nd 9 ,india1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica4 ,! col\r+ matt] ( ^! is :olly 9 ! cellul> tissue ( ! leaves1 z a secretion or juice2 n1 h[ev]1 9 ! blue /ate 9 :i* "o is accu/om$ to see indigo1 b z a col\rless sub/ance1 :i* cont9ues :ite only s long z ! tissue ( ! leaf rema9s p]fect3 :5 ?is is by any means de/roy$1 oxyg5 is absorb$ f ! atmosph]e1 & ! pr9ciple becomes blue4 ,! be/ indigo is s light z to swim ^u wat]1 b ! comm]cial article seldom conta9s m ?an #ej p] c5t4 ( blue col\r+ matt] or true indigo1 ! rema9d] consi/+ ( ei!r accid5tal or int5tional impurities4 ,9 pa9t+1 indigo is n ne>ly s bright z ,prussian blue1 b x is extremely p[]ful & transp>5t1 & may be describ$ z a ,prussian blue 9 m\rn+4 ,( great body1 x glazes & works well bo? 9 wat] & oil4 ,its relative p]man5ce z a dye has obta9$ x a false "* ( extreme durability z a pigm5t1 a quality 9 :i* x is nev]!less v inf]ior ev5 to ,prussian blue4 ,by impure air x is injur$1 & 9 glaz+ "s specim5s are firm] ?an o!rs1 b n durable2 :ile 9 t9t ) :ite lead !y are all fugitive4 ,employ$ 9 consid]able body 9 %ad[1 x is m p]man5t1 b 9 all respects ,prussian blue is sup]ior4 ,despite ?is want ( /ability1 indigo is a fav\rite col\r ) _m arti/s1 :o sacrifice by its use future p]man5ce to pres5t effect4 ,x is s s]viceable a pigm5t = s _m purposes1 especially 9 admixture1 t its s9 ( fugacity is ov]look$4 ,h5ce we f9d indigo con/antly m5tion$ 9 works on pa9t+1 _! au?ors =gett+ or n c>+ to rememb] t :olesome axiom1 a fugitive col\r is n r5d]$ durable by be+ comp\nd$4 ,arti/ically1 x is adapt$ = moonlights1 & :5 mix$ ) a little lamp black1 is well suit$ = night cl\ds1 di/ant cliffs1 c4 ,) a little raw umb] & madd] x is us$ = wat] 9 night effects4 ,) ! addition ( a little madd] x =ms a good gray2 & ) madd] & burnt ,si5na is useful = d>k rocks1 ?is comb9ation1 ) raw ,si5na1 be+ also eligible = boats4 ,= ^! & o!r mix$ t9ts1 h[ev]1 ,prussian blue sadd5$ by black ) a suspicion ( gre5 9 x1 is equally fitt$1 & is m p]man5t4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be p]haps ju/ifiable to introduce su* a comp\nd1 "u ! "n say1 ( ,factiti\s ,indigo4 ,indigo 9 du/1 or 9 small bits1 is (t5 adult]at$ ) s&1 pulv]iz$ slate1 & o!r e>?y sub/ances4 ,t indigo is be/ :i* is lighte/1 brighte/1 mo/ copp]-col\r$1 mo/ f9e-gra9$1 & inodor\s4 #abh4 ,,int5se ,,blue is indigo ref9$ by solution & precipitation4 ,by ?is process1 indigo becomes m durable1 &1 be+ sep>at$ f impurities1 is r5d]$ mu* m p[]ful1 transp>5t1 & deep4 ,x wa%es & works admirably 9 wat]2 9 o!r respects x possesses ! common prop]ties ( indigo4 ,x is apt1 h[ev]1 to p5etrate ! pap] on :i* x is employ$1 if n well fre$ by wa%+ f ! acid & sal9e matt] us$ 9 its prep>ation4 ,?is is n always easily effect$1 & we _c help ?9k+ t 9 ! manufacture ( int5se blue a dry me?od w\ld be pref]able4 ,indigo may1 by cauti\s managem5t1 be volatiliz$1 & !re=e be mo/ ?or\ghly purifi$ )\t ! aid ( acids & alkalies4 ,! be/ mode ( sublim+ ?is sub/ance is to mix "o "p ( indigo ) two p>ts ( pla/] ( ,p>is1 make ! :ole into a pa/e ) wat]1 spread x ^u an iron plate1 &1 :5 q dry1 heat x by a _s lamp4 ,! volatilization ( ! indigo is aid$ by ! vap\r ( wat] dis5gag$ f ! gypsum1 & ! surface ( ! mass becomes cov]$ ) beautiful cry/als ( pure indigo1 :i* may be readily remov$ by a ?9 spatula4 ,at a high] temp]ature1 *>r+ & decomposition take place4 #abi4 ,,prussian ,,blue1 o!rwise call$ ,b]l9 ,blue1 ,p>is ,blue1 ,prussiate ( ,iron1 ,f]rocyanide ( ,iron1 c41 0 accid5tally discov]$ 9 #agaj by ,diesba*1 a col\r-mak] at ,b]l94 ,x is a comp\nd ( iron & cyanog51 ( v>y+ composition1 =m$ by add+ yell[ prussiate ( pota% to a p]salt ( iron1 or by oxidiz+ ! precipitate obta9$ f ! prussiate & a protosalt4 ,! f9e/ blue is furni%$ by sesqu9itrate ( iron1 b ! salt almo/ exclusively employ$ is ! protosulphate1 ! fre$om ( :i* f copp] is ess5tial to ! col\r ( ! blue4 ,z is ! case ) o!r pigm5ts1 ,prussian blue diff]s consid]ably 9 col\r1 9 dep?1 & 9 p]man5ce1 accord+ to ! purity ( ! mat]ials1 ! mode ( manufacture1 & ! abs5ce ( adult]ants4 ,l smalt1 x is kn[n 9 ! wa%tub z well z 9 ! /udio2 & 9 ! *eap] v>ieties1 alum9a1 />*1 *alk1 oxide ( iron1 c41 are (t5 l>gely pres5t4 ,a good unsophi/icat$ sample 9 ! dry /ate is int5se blue1 almo/ black1 h>d & brittle1 mu* resembl+ 9 appe>ance ! be/ indigo1 & hav+ a simil> copp]-r$ fracture4 ,x does n eff]vesce ) acids1 z :5 adult]at$ ) *alk2 nor become pa/y ) boil+ wat]1 z :5 sophi/icat$ ) />*4 ,fur!r1 x feels light 9 ! h&1 adh]es to ! tongue1 is inodor\s1 ta/eless1 n poison\s1 & is insoluble 9 wat]4 ,=m+ a bulky mass :ile moi/1 ,prussian blue %r9ks to a comp>atively small compass :5 well wa%$ & dri$ by g5tle heat2 &1 :5 once dri$1 be+ difficult to r$uce aga9 to ! /ate ( extreme division :i* x possess$ :ile wet1 x is frequ5tly sold & us$ 9 pa/e = common purposes4 ,we h said t a good sample ( ,prussian blue is insoluble 9 wat]1 & = arti/ic use x %\ld c]ta9ly be s1 z o!rwise x has a t5d5cy to /a9 ! fabric on :i* x is employ$1 a defect =m]ly v preval5t4 ,all ,prussian blues1 h[ev]1 are n insoluble1 & ^! are n only liable to ! drawback nam$1 b are less to be dep5d$ on = p]man5ce4 ,improp] proportions1 = in/ance1 ( sesqui*loride ( iron & pota%-f]rocyanide w yield a blue :i*1 :5 wa%$ ev5 ) cold wat]1 cont9ually imp>ts to x a yell[ or gre5 col\r1 ?r\gh ! p>tial solution ( ! prussiate4 ,all comm]cial ,prussian blue1 & inde$ t :i* is prep>$ by c>eful *emical processes1 give up ! f]rocyanide to boil+ wat]1 !reby col\r+ x gre5i% yell[2 b a sample :i* p>ts ) its prussiate to cold wat] is q unfitt$ = ! palette1 = :i* ! mo/ p]fect specim5 is none too /able4 ,9 spite ( ! le>n$ rese>*es ( ,pr(essor ,williamson1 ^: "n is z closely connect$ ) ! pigm5t z are ! names ( ,s*unck & ,de ,la ,rue ) madd] & co*9eal1 ,prussian blue is n yet entirely und]/ood4 ,complex & unc]ta9 9 composition1 unc]ta9 too 9 its habitudes1 our be/ c\rse p]haps w be n to attempt a complete survey1 b to /ate briefly ^? facts :i* be> on ! arti/'s craft4 ,prussian blue is a col\r ( va/ body & wond]ful transp>5cy1 ) a s(t velvety ri*ness1 & ( su* int5se dep? z to appe> black 9 its deepe/ wa%es4 ,not)/&+ x la/s a long "t "u fav\rable circum/ances1 its t9ts fade by ! action ( /rong light2 becom+ :ite1 accord+ to ,*evreul1 9 ! direct rays ( ! sun1 b rega9+ its blue col\r 9 ! d>k2 h5ce t subdu$ light :i* is fav\rable to all col\rs is p>ticul>ly s to ?is blue4 ,its col\r has ! s+ul> prop]ty ( fluctuat+1 or ( com+ & go+1 "u c]ta9 conditions2 & :i* x owes to ! action & reaction by :i* x acquires or rel9qui%es oxyg5 alt]nately4 ,x also becomes gre5i% sometimes by a developm5t ( ! oxide ( iron2 & is purpl$1 d>k5$1 or o!rwise discol\r$ by damp or impure air4 ,"t has a neutraliz+ t5d5cy ^u its col\r1 :i* =ms t9ts ( mu* beauty ) :ite lead1 ?\gh !y are n equal ei!r 9 purity1 brilliancy1 or p]man5ce to ^? ( cobalt & ultram>9e4 ,:5 c>efully heat$1 ,prussian blue gives (f wat] & assumes a pale gre5 hue2 its col\r1 !re=e1 dep5d+ on ! pres5ce ( wat]1 mu/ n be expos$ to a high temp]ature4 ,& z x is likewise injur$ or de/roy$ by alkalis1 :i* decompose x into oxide ( iron & a soluble prussiate1 ! blue %\ld be avoid$ 9 fresco1 on acc\nt ( ! lime2 nei!r %\ld x be employ$ ) pigm5ts ( an alkal9e nature1 nor ) h>d wat] conta9+ bic>bonate ( lime 9 solution1 b ) clean ra9 or di/ill$ wat]1 ei!r ( :i* is pref]able = col\rs g5]ally4 ,prussian blue dries & glazes well 9 oil1 b its great & pr9cipal use is 9 pa9t+ deep blues1 9 :i* its body helps to secure its p]man5ce1 & its transp>5cy gives =ce to its dep?4 ,x is also valuable 9 comp\nd+ deep purples ) lake1 & is a p[]ful neutraliz] & compon5t ( black1 to ! int5sity ( :i* x adds consid]ably4 ,prussian blue bord]s slightly on gre51 a quality :i* militates aga9/ its use 9 skies & di/ances4 ,9 spite1 h[ev]1 ( its want (1 or defici5cy 91 durability1 ! old wat]-col\r pa9t]s s employ$ x1 neutraliz$ by ! addition ( a little crimson lake4 ,x is s]viceable 9 mix$ t9ts ( gre5s1 af=d+ ) light r$ a sea-gre5 neutral4 ,dissolv$ 9 oxalic acid1 ! blue is available z an ink1 or = t9t+ maps4 ,besides ! prec$+1 !re is a ,basic ,prussian ,blue1 =m$ by simply submitt+ to ! air ! blui%-:ite precipitate :i* falls on add+ yell[ prussiate ( pota% to gre5 vitriol4 ,?is comp\nd dissolves entirely by cont9u$ wa%+ ) wat]1 yield+ a beautiful deep blue solution1 f :i* ! col\r may be ?r[n d[n 9 a solid =m by ! addition ( any salt4 ,probably x 0 ?is basic prep>ation1 s *eaply & easily made1 t conf]r$ ^u ,prussian blue ! "* ( /a9+ pap]4 ,9 "n1 !re is also ano!r v>iety ( ?is pigm5t1 kn[n z ,native ,prussian ,blue2 :i* is really a native phosphate ( iron1 occurr+ z a blue e>?y p[d]1 or z a :ite p[d] t becomes blue by exposure4 #acj4 ,,antw]p ,,blue1 ,ha]lem ,blue1 ,b]l9 ,blue1 ,m9]al ,blue1 is a light] & some:at bright] ,prussian blue1 ) less dep? & less p]man5ce4 ,x is a species ( lake1 hav+ a consid]able proportion ( alum9\s base1 to :i* its pal] t9t is due4 ,z ! /ability ( ,prussian blue re/s 9 a great measure on ! m>vell\s am\nt ( lat5t col\r ! pigm5t conta9s1 :5 its p>ticles ( col\r are set f>!r ap>t by ! int]v5tion ( ! alum9a1 ! p]man5ce ( its hue is endang]$4 ,x 0 rem>k$1 ) respect to vitrifi$ pigm5ts1 t col\r dep5ds on cohesion4 ,m or less1 ?is holds good z reg>ds all pigm5ts2 b n only1 z 0 also obs]v$1 does col\r re/ on cohesion1 9 _m in/ances durability dep5ds likewise4 ,x is only :5 a col\r is /able 9 itself t its p>ticles w be> sep>at+3 native ultram>9e1 = example1 may be weak5$ almo/ to :ite1 & w /ill pres]ve its hue4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a col\r be naturally fugitive1 & rely *iefly on its extreme dep? = :at p]man5ce x possesses1 t col\r _c ) impunity be pal$3 witness ! co*9eal lakes1 :i* ! deep] !y are1 ! m durable !y are f\nd2 & s x is ) ,prussian blue4 ,antw]p blue is di/+ui%$ f ! latt] by its m e>?y fracture4 #aca4 ,,turnbull',s ,,blue1 ,or ,f]ricyanide ( ,iron1 is =m$ by add+ ! r$ prussiate ( pota% to a protosalt ( iron4 ,?is blue is light] & m delicate ?an ord9>y ,prussian blue1 & is believ$ to resi/ ! action ( alkalies long]4 ,x is a "q :e!r ! common ,prussian blue obta9$ by oxidiz+ ! precipitate yield$ by gre5 vitriol & ! yell[ prussiate is n 9 reality ?is v>iety4 ,h[ev] t may be1 !re is1 z f> z p]man5ce goes1 little or no diff]5ce betwe5 ! two k9ds4 ,,ultram>9es4 ,,artificial ,,ultram>9es comprise ! v>ieties kn[n z ,fr5* ,ultram>9e1 ,fr5* ,blue1 ,brilliant ,ultram>9e1 ,factiti\s ,ultram>9e1 ,guimet's ,ultram>9e1 ,new ,blue1 ,p]man5t ,blue1 ,gmel9's ,g]man ,ultram>9e1 ,bleu de ,g>ance1 ,outrem] de ,guimet1 c4 ,! unrivall$ qualities ( native ultram>9e prep>$ f ! lapis lazuli r5d]$ x mo/ desirable to obta9 an artificial comp\nd :i*1 :ile possess+ simil> prop]ties1 c\ld be produc$ 9 quantity1 & at a less co/ly rate4 ,9 demoli%+ "s furnaces employ$ 9 mak+ soda1 by means ( decompos+ sulphate ( soda1 "s e>? _h be5 f\nd impregnat$ ) a light blue1 :i* 0 prov$ to h s close a resemblance to ultram>9e z to fo/] hopes ( success4 ,z a /imulus1 !re 0 (f]$ a prize ( six ?\s& francs or #ejj = ! production ( artificial ultram>9e by ! ,socit d',enc\ragem5t ( ,p>is1 :i* 0 won 9 #ahbh by ,m4 ,guimet4 ,x is fitt+ t ! discov]] ( a col\r %\ld excel 9 its manufacture1 & to ?is day ,guimet's ultram>9e is ! f9e/ made4 ,z an in/ance ( h[ ! rese>*es ( diff]5t m5 may1 almo/ simultane\sly1 lead to ! same results1 x is curi\s t v %ortly aft] ! problem 0 also solv$ by ,gmel94 ,! cause ( ! blue col\r ( ultram>9e 0 long a matt] ( controv]sy1 b 0 believ$ g5]ally to be due to iron4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! discov]y ( artificial ultram>9e 0 made1 ?is assumption 0 %[n to be false1 by ! fact t a blue c\ld be obta9$ ) mat]ials p]fectly free f iron4 ,! absolutely necess>y con/itu5ts ( ultram>9e are silica1 alum9a1 sulphur1 & soda2 & !re is little d\bt t ! col\r+ matt] consi/s ( hyposulphite ( soda & sulphide ( sodium3 x is c]ta9 t ! blue col\r is dep5dant on ! soda1 inasmu* z pota% yields an analog\s comp\nd :i* is purely :ite4 ,a numb] ( sub/ances1 su* z iron1 lime1 magnesia1 & pota%1 may be pres5t z impurities1 & 71 9 "p at lea/1 purposely add$ to ! e>li] manufactures2 b !y are f\nd to be sup]flu\s4 ,nev]!less1 z reg>ds iron1 x is probable t a v small portion1 su* z is usually conta9$ 9 ! +r$i5ts1 greatly facilitates ! production ( ! blue1 & may ev5 be ess5tial 9 "s cases4 ,! col\r ( ultram>9e is br\ght out by successive heat+s4 ,gre5 portions1 m or less 9 quantity1 are (t5 =m$ 9 ! crucibles1 especially on ! fir/ ignition4 ,on repeat$ heat+ !y pass into a blue t9t4 ,artificial ultram>9es are said to be seldom entirely fre$ f all traces ( ! gre5 modification1 & are !re=e less beautiful ?an ! natural v>ieties1 hav+ a %ade ( gre5 or grey4 ,?is defect1 h[ev]1 is c]ta9ly n disc]nible 9 ,guimet's products1 :i* sometimes incl9e s mu* to purple z to require neutraliz+ ) a little ,prussian blue4 ,dep? = dep?1 ! artificial are d>k] & less azure ?an ! natural v>ieties1 b ! sup]iority ( ! latt] consi/s n s mu* 9 _! great] purity ( hue1 al?\gh ?is is consid]able1 z 9 _! f> great] transp>5cy4 ,! f9e/ ,fr5* ultram>9e is nev] s transp>5t z ! native2 x is brilliant1 x is p[]ful1 x is p]man5t1 x is ne>ly--b only ne>ly--transp>5t4 ,possess+ 9 a subdu$ degree ! *>act]i/ics & qualities ( ! g5u9e1 x works1 wa%es1 & dries well2 & is useful ei!r 9 figures1 drap]ies1 or l&scape4 ,rivall+ 9 dep?1 al?\gh n equall+ 9 col\r1 ! pure azure ( native ultram>9e1 x answ]s to ! same acid te/s1 b is sometimes di/+ui%$ !refrom by ! eff]vesc5ce :i* ensues on ! addition ( an acid4 ,n a bubble escapes 9 su* case f ! natural blue2 unless1 inde$1 z occasionally happ5s1 x reta9 a portion ( alkali1 ) :i* x may h be5 comb9$ 9 ! prep>ation1 b f :i* x %\ld h be5 fre$4 ,d>k5$ z a rule by fire1 factiti\s ultram>9e becomes d+y blue1 & at la/ :ite1 :5 /rongly ignit$ = a long "t2 & is1 l ! true v>iety1 decol\ris$ by ignition 9 an atmosph]e ( hydrog5 gas4 ,at a high temp]ature1 ?is effect is ev5 produc$ by silica1 :5ce ! unfitness ( ultram>9e = pa9t+ on glass or porcela92 & simply by a prolong$ r$ heat ! blue is r5d]$ :ite4 ,be+ unaffect$ by alkalis1 x is eligible 9 mural decoration1 & is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to silice\s pa9t+1 on acc\nt ( ! silica & alum9a :i* x conta9s1 two sub/ances ) :i* a soluble silicate readily unites4 ,if artificial ultram>9e be mix$ ) a soluble silicate1 = example silicate ( pota%1 & be laid on a prop]ly prep>$ gr\nd1 x w become s firmly fix$1 says ,mr4 ,b>ff1 t no am\nt ( wa%+ nor ! sl[ action ( moi/ure w remove x1 or affect its brilliancy4 ,judg+ f ! behavi\r ( ultram>9e1 !re=e1 if ! col\rs employ$ 9 silice\s pa9t+ conta9 silica & alum9a1 !y %\ld adh]e z firmly to ! surface on :i* !y are plac$2 & ?is is really ! case4 ,x is possible to produce a mix$ solution ( alum9ate & silicate ( pota% :i* w rema9 liquid = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,if1 :ile 9 ! liquid /ate1 col\rs are saturat$ ) ?is solution & all[$ to dry1 _! p>ticles w be v intimately mix$ ) silica & alum9a *emically comb9$ ) pota%4 ,accord+ to ! au?or quot$1 ! admixture ( silica & alum9a does n int]f]e ) ! brilliancy or dep? ( ! col\rs1 & ! me?od may be us$ = all ^? :i* are n injur$ by pota%1 & are 9 !mselves adapt$ to ! art4 ,) respect to p]man5ce1 ! f9] v>ieties ( artificial ultram>9es may1 und\bt$ly1 be pron\nc$ /able2 b1 l all o!r col\rs1 ^! blues are apt to v>y 9 quality1 & inf]ior k9ds are liable to lose _! purity 9 a measure1 & become gray]4 ,moreov]1 !y are made by diff]5t processes1 & ! mode adopt$ = ! manufacture ( a pigm5t n only tells ^u ! col\r1 b may influ5ce to "s ext5t its durability4 ,f ! foll[+ exp]im5t ( an +5i\s arti/ & fri5d ( ! au?or1 x is evid5t t ! production ( artificial ultram>9e 0 n c>ri$ 9 its e>ly days to t /ate ( p]fection at :i* x has n[ arriv$4 ,he took a picture1 ! sky ( :i* _h be5 rec5tly pa9t$ 9 ! ord9>y mann] ) ,prussian blue & :ite2 & hav+ pa9t$ ov] ! cle> "p ( ! sky uni=m portions ) t9ts =m$ ( ! be/ factiti\s ultram>9e1 cobalt blue1 & g5u9e ultram>9e1 s z to mat* ! gr\nd ( ! sky1 & to disappe> to ! eye !reon by bl5d+ ) ! gr\nd1 :5 view$ at a mod]ate di/ance1 he set ! picture aside = "s mon?s4 ,^u exam9ation1 x appe>$ t ! col\r ( ^! v>i\s blue pigm5ts _h tak5 diff]5t ways1 & dep>t$ f ! hue ( ! gr\nd3 ! factiti\s ultram>9e _h black5$1 ! cobalt blue gre5$1 ! g5u9e ultram>9e rema9$ a pure azure1 l a spot ( light1 :ile _! gr\nd1 ! ,prussian blue sky1 seem$ by contra/ ) ! ultram>9e ( a grey or slate col\r4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ^? artificial ultram>9es are mo/ durable :i* possess ! mo/ col\r2 & all are1 p]haps1 mo/ p]man5t 9 wat]4 ,if us$ 9 t vehicle1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to employ a gum free f acid2 also1 :e!r 9 wat] or oil1 n to comp\nd ! blue ) a pigm5t :i* may possibly conta9 acid1 su* z con/ant :ite4 ,acid1 z we h said1 is ! great te/ = ultram>9e2 :5ce if a sample be sophi/icat$ ) cobalt1 its blue col\r w n be entirely de/roy$4 ,) high-class arti/ic pigm5ts1 h[ev]1 adult]ation is ! exception & n ! rule4 ,x is z a p[d]-blue = ! wa%tub t ultram>9e gets disguis$1 :5 x is gr\nd up ) soda-a%1 *alk1 gypsum1 c41 & sold sometimes "u its own "n1 b m frequ5tly z sup]f9e ,saxon smalts4 #acb4 ,,brilliant ,,ultram>9e1 lately call$ ,factiti\s ,ultram>9e1 is a specially f9e prep>ation ( ,m4 ,guimet1 pres5t+ ! ne>e/ approa* to ! natural product ( any artificial ultram>9e1 bo? 9 transp>5cy1 purity ( hue1 & *emical *>act]i/ics4 ,equall+ 9 dep? & p[] ! ord9>y ,fr5* ultram>9e1 x possesses great] cle>ness1 beauty1 & brightness2 & has1 9 a subdu$ degree1 t quality ( light 9 x1 & ( ! t9t ( air1 :i* =ms s di/+ui%+ a feature 9 ! native blue4 #acc4 ,,fr5* ,,ultram>9e1 or ,fr5* ,blue1 is a ri* deep col\r1 b less transp>5t & vivid ?an ! prec$+ v>iety1 :i* is pref]able 9 unmix$ t9ts4 ,= comp\nd hues1 ,fr5* blue is suffici5tly well adapt$1 & is extremely useful4 ,) aureol9 & burnt ,si5na1 or ,v&yke br[n1 x af=ds valuable autumn gre5s2 & ) lamp black1 or lamp black & light r$1 good /ormy cl\ds4 ,a sombre gray = di/ant m\nta9s is furni%$ by ,fr5* blue & madd] br[n1 ) a v little gamboge2 & a deep purple = sunsets1 by ! blue & purple madd]1 or ,indian r$ & rose madd]4 ,) cadmium & ori5t yell[s1 sepia1 viridian1 & _m o!r col\rs1 ?is ultram>9e is ( s]vice4 #acd4 ,,new ,,blue ,is conf9$ to wat]-col\r pa9t+1 & is an artificial ultram>9e1 hold+ a middle position betwe5 ,fr5* blue & p]man5t blue1 be+ less deep ?an ! "o & less pale ?an ! o!r4 ,x may be said to hov] 9 t9t betwe5 a ri* ultram>9e & cobalt4 #ace4 ,,p]man5t ,,blue ,is a pale ultram>9e1 ) a cobalt hue2 &1 9 spite ( its "n1 less p]man5ce ?an belongs to ! ri*] & deep] sorts4 ,:at ,antw]p blue is to ,prussian blue1 ?is is to ,fr5* blue--t is1 z reg>ds col\r4 ,) respect to durability1 h[ev]1 p]man5t & ,antw]p blues _c be comp>$2 ! =m] be+ a weak5$ v>iety ( a /able1 & ! latt] a weak5$ v>iety ( a semi-fugitive1 pigm5t4 ,h5ce p]man5t blue ju/ifies its "n1 al?\gh t "n w\ld be m suit$ to ! brilliant1 or ,fr5*1 ultram>9e4 #acf4 ,,g5u9e ,,ultram>9e1 ,native ,ultram>9e1 ,natural ,ultram>9e1 ,real ,ultram>9e1 ,true ,ultram>9e1 ,ultram>9e1 ,pure ,ultram>9e1 ,azure1 ,outrem]1 ,lazul9e1 ,lazulite ,blue1 & ,lazur/e94 ,?is mo/ co/ly1 mo/ p]man5t1 & mo/ celebrat$ ( all pigm5ts1 is obta9$ by isolat+ ! blue col\r+ matt] ( ! lapis lazuli1 a /one *iefly br\ght f ,*9a1 ,?ibet1 & ! %ores ( ,lake ,baikal4 ,ab\t ! antiquity ( ! /one1 & its col\r1 mu* has be5 writt51 & _m conflict+ /atem5ts h be5 made2 b !re is little d\bt t our lapis lazuli 0 ! sapphire ( ! anci5ts2 & t ! fir/ c]ta9 m5tion ( ultram>9e occurs 9 a passage ( ,are?as1 :o liv$ 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 & :o1 9 8 exposition ( a v]se 9 ! book ( ,revelation1 says1 ! sapphire is t /one ( :i* lazurium1 z we are told1 is made4 ,x has be5 common to conf\nd ultram>9e ) ! cyanus & co]uleum ( ! anci5ts2 b _! cyanus1 or ,arm5ian blue1 0 a k9d ( m9]al or m\nta9 blue1 t+$ ) copp]2 & _! co]uleum1 al?\gh x may sometimes h be5 real ultram>9e1 0 prop]ly & 9 g5]al a copp] o*re4 ,t ultram>9e 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts !re seems e probability1 = x is c]ta9 !y 7 acqua9t$ ) ! /one2 & mod]n travell]s describe ! brilliant blue pa9t+ /ill rema9+ 9 ! ru9s ( temples ( ,upp] ,egypt z hav+ all ! appe>ance ( ultram>9e4 ,:e!r x is s or n1 h[ev]1 c\ld only be prov$ by analysis2 =1 be x recollect$1 al?\gh ! col\r _h pres]v$ its hue dur+ s _m c5turies1 x _h be5 completely buri$1 & !re=e mo/ p]fectly seclud$ f light & air4 ,mr4 ,lay>d1 9 8 ',n9eveh1' ref]r+ to "s pa9t$ pla/]1 rem>ks t ,! col\rs1 p>ticul>ly ! blues & r$s1 7 z brilliant & vivid :5 ! e>? 0 remov$ f !m z !y c\ld orig9ally h be52 b1 on exposure to ! air1 !y fad$ rapidly4 ,9 all likelihood1 ^! 7 ( organic1 or semi-organic1 orig91 prep>$ 9 "s su* mann] z t m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 :o speaks ( an e>? :i*1 :5 boil$ ) plants1 acquir$ _! blue col\r1 & 0 9 "s measure inflammable4 ,z a pigm5t1 cobalt 0 unkn[n to ! anci5ts2 b to ^! vegetable & copp] blues ( !irs1 a ?ird blue may p]haps be add$4 ,exp]im5ts made ^u blue tiles1 f\nd 9 a ,roman tesselat$ foot-pavem5t at ,montbeill>d1 %[$ t ! col\r 0 due to iron4 ,m4 ,gmel9 has prov$ t a blue t9t c be imp>t$ to glass & enamel by means ( iron2 & x is probable t ! anci5ts 7 fir/ induc$ by ! blue slag ( _! smelt+-h\ses to /udy ! col\r+ ( glass ) iron2 t 9 ?is art !y acquir$ a dext]ity n possess$ at pres5t1 & t !y employ$ _! iron-smalt z a pigm5t1 z we d our smalt ( cobalt4 ,to sum up1 !re are gr\nds = believ+ t ! anci5ts 7 acqua9t$ ) copp] blues1 vegetable blues1 & iron blues2 & t1 consequ5tly1 ! blue describ$ by travell]s z hav+ all ! appe>ance ( ultram>9e may1 or may n1 be t pigm5t4 ,lapis lazuli1 or lazulite1 is usually dissem9at$ 9 a rock1 :i* conta9s1 among o!r sub/ances1 a f9e :ite lazulite4 ,9 ! ,muse ,m9ralogique ( ,p>is are two spl5did specim5s ( ! /one1 9 :i* is se5 ! transition f ! azure to ! :ite4 ,accord+ to ! quantity & quality ( blue pres5t1 ! lapis v>ies f an almo/ uni=m t9t ( ! deepe/ indigo-blue to grayi%-:ite1 dott$ & /reak$ at int]vals ) pale blue4 ,! exce$+ beauty ( good samples has caus$ ! lazulite to be mu* s\ght aft]1 bo? z a gem = adorn+ ! p]son1 & = inlaid works 9 ornam5tal decoration4 ,9 ,*9a ! /one is highly e/eem$1 be+ worn by m&>9s z badges ( nobility conf]r$ only by ! ,emp]or2 & 9 ! ap>tm5ts ( a summ] palace ne> ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ! walls are cov]$ ) amb]1 int]sp]s$ ) plates ( ?is co/ly lapis4 ,besides ! col\r+ pr9ciple ( ! lazulite1 !re are always m or less mica & iron pyrites1 ! latt] a lu/r\s yell[ bisulphide ( iron1 :i* has (t5 be5 mi/ak5 = pellets ( gold4 ,hav+ *os5 portions ( ! /one mo/ free f ^! impurities1 x is simply requisite to r$uce !m to an impalpable p[d] to obta9 a blue pigm5t2 & probably ?is 0 ! orig9al mode ( prep>+ x be=e ! discov]y ( ! mod]n process4 ,?is curi\s me?od1 :i* is me*anical r ?an *emical1 dep5ds = its success on ! "* & proportions ( ! mat]ials employ$1 z well z on ! nicety ( work+4 ,:5 well c>ri$ out1 x p]fectly isolates ! blue f all extrane\s matt]1 yield+ ! col\r at fir/ deep & ri*1 !n light] & pal]1 & la/ly ( t gray t9t :i* is kn[n by ! "n ( ,ultram>9e ,a%4 ,! refuse1 conta9+ little or no blue1 furni%es ! useful pigm5t1 ,m9]al ,gray4 ,! imm5se price ( ultram>9e--or1 z x 0 at fir/ call$1 azurrum ultram>9um1 blue beyond-!-sea--0 almo/ a prohibition to its use 9 =m] times4 ,x is relat$ t ,*>les ,i4 pres5t$ to ,mrs4 ,walpole1 & possibly to ,v&yke also1 five hundr$ p\nds wor? ( ultram>9e1 :i* lay 9 s small a compass z only to cov] 8 h&4 ,ev5 9 ^! days1 despite ! introduction ( artificial ultram>9es1 ! native product cont9ues co/ly1 comm&+ 9 proportion to its int5sity & brightness1 f two to eight gu9eas an ounce4 ,to say1 h[ev]1 t ! m]its ( ! blue at lea/ equal its exp5se1 is to give ! g5u9e ultram>9e no m ?an its due4 ,x has1 inde$1 n e>n$ its reputation ^u slight pret5sions1 be+1 :5 ( f9e quality1 & skilfully prep>$1 ( ! mo/ exquisitely beautiful blue1 rang+ f ! utmo/ dep? ( %ad[ to ! highe/ brilliancy ( light & col\r1--transp>5t 9 all its %ades1 & pure 9 all its t9ts4 ,a true m$ial blue1 :5 p]fect1 p>tak+ nei!r ( purple on ! "o h&1 nor ( gre5 on ! o!r1 x su/a9s no injury ei!r by damp & impure air1 or by ! int5se/ action ( light1 & is s em95tly durable1 t x rema9s un*ang$ 9 ! olde/ pa9t+s4 ,dry+ well1 work+ well 9 oil & fresco1 ultram>9e may be safely comp\nd$ ) pigm5ts g5]ally1 except+ only an acid sulphate ( b>yta or con/ant :ite4 ,! blue has s mu* ( ! prop]ty ( light 9 x1 & ( ! t9t ( air--is s purely a sky-col\r1 & h5ce s s+ul>ly adapt$ to ! direct & reflex light ( ! sky1 & to become ! antagoni/ ( sun%9e--t x is indisp5sable to ! pa9t]4 ,moreov]1 x is s pure1 s true1 s un*angeable 9 its t9ts & glaz+s1 z to be no less ess5tial 9 imitat+ ! m>vell\s col\r+ ( nature 9 fle% & fl[]s4 ,to ?is may be add$ t x ent]s s admirably into purples1 blacks1 gre5s1 grays1 & brok5 hues1 t x has ju/ly obta9$ ! "* ( cle>+ or c>ry+ light & air into all col\rs1 bo? 9 mixture & glaz+1 z well z ga9$ a sort ( claim to univ]sality ?r\gh\t a picture4 ,nev]!less1 ultram>9e is n always entitl$ to ! :ole ( ?is comm5dation4 ,frequ5tly x is co>se 9 texture1 9 :i* case x is app>5tly m deep & valuable2 yet su* blue _c be us$ ) effect1 nor gr\nd f9e )\t injur+ its col\r4 ,aga91 x is apt to be sep>at$ 9 an impure /ate f ! lapis lazuli1 :i* is an exce$+ly v>y+ & comp\nd m9]al1 ab\nd+ ) e>?y & metallic p>ts 9 diff]5t /ates ( oxidation & composition3 h5ce ultram>9e sometimes conta9s iron z a r$ oxide1 :5 x has a purple ca/2 & sometimes ! same metal z a yell[ oxide1 :5 x is ( a gre5 tone2 :ile (t5 x reta9s a portion ( black sulphuret ( iron1 :i* imp>ts a d>k & dusky hue4 ,occasionally1 x is true1 arti/s h pref]r$ ultram>9e = ea* ( ^! tones2 /ill are !y imp]fections :i* may acc\nt = v>i\s effects & defects ( ?is pigm5t 9 pa9t+4 ,gr[+ deep] by age has be5 attribut$ to ultram>9e2 b x is only su* specim5s z w\ld acquire dep? 9 ! fire t c\ld be subject to ! *ange2 & x has be5 reasonably suppos$ t 9 pictures :]e9 o!r col\rs h fad$1 x may h tak5 ?is appe>ance by contra/4 ,ultram>9e1 prep>$ f calc9$ lapis1 is n liable to s deep52 b ?is advantage may be pur*as$ at "s sacrifice ( ! vivid1 w>m1 & pure azure col\r ( ! blue produc$ f unburnt /one4 ,we h frequ5tly f\nd ultram>9e to be d>k5$1 dimm$1 & some:at purpl$ by ignition2 & ! same results ensue1 9 _m in/ances1 :5 ! lazulite is calc9$4 ,9 burn+ ! /one1 ! sulphur ( ! pyrites is 9 a great measure expell$1 & dur+ its expulsion has probably a det]iorat+ influ5ce on ! beauty ( ! col\r3 our belief 9 ?is be+ s is /r5g!n$ by ! fact t c]ta9 samples ( ultram>9e1 ignit$ ) sulphur1 7 n improv$ !reby4 ,simil> effects are likewise caus$ by a c>eless or improp] mode ( treatm5t1 = ! f9e/ lapis may yield d+y blues1 conta9+ p>ticles ( mica1 metal1 c41 & possess+ a dull gre51 black1 or purple hue4 ,( c\rse ! p]fection ( ! pigm5t is dep5dant to a l>ge ext5t ^u ! quality ( ! /one itself4 ,?\gh unexceptionable z an oil-col\r1 bo? 9 solid pa9t+ & glaz+1 x does n "w s well z "s o!r blues 9 wat]2 nor is x1 unless c>efully prep>$1 s well adapt$ = mix$ t9ts1 on acc\nt ( a gritty quality1 ( :i* no gr9d+ w entirely dive/ x1 & :i* causes x to sep>ate f o!r pigm5ts4 ,:5 extremely f9e 9 texture1 h[ev]1 or :5 a consid]able portion ( gum1 :i* r5d]s x transp>5t1 c be employ$ to give connexion or adhesion :ile fl[+1 x becomes no less valuable 9 wat] ?an 9 oil2 b :5 its vivid azure is to be pres]v$1 z 9 illum9at$ manuscripts & missals1 little gum mu/ be us$4 ,! f9e gre5s1 purples1 & grays ( ! old ma/]s1 are (t5 unque/ionably comp\nds ( ultram>9e2 & =m]ly x 0 ! only blue kn[n 9 fresco4 ,pure ultram>9e v>ies 9 %ade f light to d>k1 & 9 hue f pale w>m azure to ! deepe/ cold blue4 ,native ultram>9e consi/s ( silica1 alum9a1 sulphur1 & soda2 its col\r+ matt] seem+ to be due to hyposulphite ( soda & sulphide ( sodium4 ,9 ^! respects1 z well z 9 t ( be+ decol\ris$ by acids1 ! natural product resembles ! artificial4 ,z a preci\s mat]ial1 ! =m] has be5 subject to adult]ation2 & x has be5 dy$1 damp$1 & oil$ to enri* its appe>ance2 attempts ( fraud1 h[ev]1 :i* may be easily detect$4 ,9 ! prec$+ edition ( ?is "w ! au?or adds--& ! g5u9e may be z easily di/+ui%$ f ! spuri\s by dropp+ a few p>ticles ( ! pigm5t into lemon-juice1 or any o!r acid1 :i* almo/ in/antly de/roys ! col\r ( ! true ultram>9e totally1 & )\t eff]vesc5ce4 ,) ?is /atem5t1 s f> z x pret5ds to be a te/ = ! two k9ds1 we are n incl9$ to agree4 ,g5u9e ultram>9e is always decol\ris$ by acids2 b x dep5ds on ! mode & nicety ( its prep>ation :e!r x is decol\ris$ )\t eff]vesc5ce3 t ?is is ! case ! au?or himself admits 9 8 article on artificial ultram>9e4 ,moreov]1 ! viol5t eff]vesc5ce :i* he describes z ensu+ on ! latt] be+ dropp$ into an acid1 does n ( necessity take place3 9 ,m4 ,guimet's f9e/ v>iety1 ! brilliant ultram>9e1 acid produces little or no eff]vesc5ce4 ,see+1 !re=e1 t bo? sorts are decol\ris$ by acids1 & t bo? may or may n eff]vesce !re)1 ! acid te/ mu/ be consid]$ fallaci\s4 ,exp]im5ts made ) diff]5t samples ( ea*1 %[$ t native ultram>9es (f]$ great] resi/ance to acid ?an ! artificial1 tak+ long] to decol\rise2 & t ! residues ( ! fir/ 7 9 g5]al ( a pur] :ite ?an ^? ( ! la/4 ,x 0 also f\nd t ! brilliant ultram>9e1 above ref]r$ to1 0 less readily decol\ris$ ?an o!r ,fr5* or ,g]man k9ds4 99 99 99 99 99 #acg4 ,blue ,c>m9e4 ,9 a =m] edition ( ?is "w !re appe>$ ! foll[+3--,blue c>m9e is a blue oxide ( molybd5um1 ( :i* little is kn[n z a sub/ance or z a pigm5t4 ,x is said to be ( a beautiful blue col\r1 & durable 9 a /rong light1 b is subject to be *ang$ 9 hue by o!r sub/ances1 & black5$ by f\l air3 we may conjecture1 !re=e1 t x is n ( mu* value 9 pa9t+4 ,9 8 e/imate ( ?is col\r ! au?or 0 c]ta9ly "r4 ,x is =m$ :5 a solution ( bi*loride ( molybd5um is p\r$ into a saturat$1 or ne>ly saturat$1 solution ( molybdate ( ammonia4 ,a blue precipitate falls1 :i* is a molybdate ( molybdic oxide1 hydrat$1 & abundantly soluble 9 wat]4 ,:5 dri$1 x furni%es a d>k blue p[d]1 resembl+ p[d]$ indigo1 hav+ a bitt]1 r\gh1 metallic ta/e1 & r$d5+ litmus /rongly4 ,! solubility ( ?is hydrat$ oxide is alone fatal to its employm5t z a pigm5t4 ,x may1 inde$1 be r5d]$ comp>atively insoluble 9 wat] by ignition2 b ! anhydr\s oxide s obta9$ is ne>ly black1 & z a col\r wor?less4 ,a m eligible prep>ation is ! molybdate ( b>yta1 produc$ by mix+ solutions ( molybdate ( pota% & acetate ( b>yta4 ,a :ite1 floccul5t precipitate results1 :i* rapidly cond5ses to a cry/all9e p[d]1 & turns blue on ignition4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a co/ly comp\nd1 ( little m]it1 & n likely to come into use4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]4 #ach4 ,blue ,o*re1 :i* has be5 improp]ly call$ ,native ,prussian ,blue1 is a native hydrat$ phosphate ( iron ( r>e occurr5ce1 f\nd ) iron pyrites 9 ,cornwall1 & also 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,:at ,indian r$ is to ! col\r r$1 & ,ox=d o*re to yell[1 ?is pigm5t is to ! col\r blue1 be+ sob] & subdu$ r ?an brilliant4 ,x has ! body ( o!r o*res1 m transp>5cy1 & is ( consid]able dep?4 ,bo? 9 wat] & oil x works well1 dries readily1 & does n suff] 9 t9t ) :ite lead1 nor *ange :5 expos$ to ! action ( /rong light1 damp1 or impure air4 ,z f> z its p[]s ext5d1 !re=e1 x is an eligible pigm5t1 ?\gh n g5]ally employ$ nor easily procur$2 x may1 h[ev]1 be artificially prep>$4 ,answ]+ to simil> acid te/s z ultram>9e1 x is di/+ui%$ !refrom by assum+ an olive-br[n hue on exposure to a r$ heat4 #aci4 ,cobalt ,prussian ,blue4 ,gmel9 /ates t yell[ prussiate ( pota% yields ) a solution ( oxalate ( sesquioxide ( cobalt a blue resembl+ ,prussian blue--t1 9 fact1 !re c be obta9$ a ,prussian blue ) a base ( cobalt in/ead ( iron4 ,9 ! moi/ /ate1 ! simil>ity is suffici5tly great1 b :5 wa%$ & dri$1 ! product is1 ) u1 a d+y slate col\r4 ,possibly1 if su* a blue c\ld be produc$1 x might exce$ 9 p]man5ce ! f]ro- & f]ri-cyanides ( iron4 ,( c\rse ! comp\nd w\ld be mu* m exp5sive4 ,copp] ,blues are n[ seldom or nev] employ$ z arti/s' pigm5ts4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal v>ieties3-- #adj4 ,bice1 ,blue ,bice1 ,iris1 ,t]re ,bleu1 0 prep>$1 :5 true1 f ! ,arm5ian /one1 :i* is a calc>e\s k9d ( /one col\r$ ) copp]4 ,x 0 ( a light bright hue1 b is completely sup]s$$ by pale ultram>9e4 ,! ,p]sian lazur appe>s to h be5 a simil> pigm5t1 be+ a sort ( copp] ore1 :i*1 :5 ! /one 0 p\nd$ & sift$1 furni%$ a f9e pa9t1 v bright & pleasant4 ,x c\ld n1 h[ev]1 /& ! effects ( ! atmosph]e l ! ,t>t>ian lazur or lapis lazuli1 9 ! c\rse ( "t becom+ ( a d>k & dismal col\r4 ,gr\nd smalts1 blue v]dit]1 & o!r pigm5ts1 h pass$ "u ! "n ( bice4 #ada4 ,blue ,a%es1 or ,m\nta9 ,blue1 are bo? hydrat$ c>bonates ( copp]1 ! fir/ be+ artificially prep>$1 & ! second f\nd native 9 ,cumb]l&4 ,nei!r is durable1 especially 9 oil2 &1 z pigm5ts1 bo? are precisely ( ! "* ( v]dit]4 ,by treat+ ! natural mala*ite gre5 ) an alkali1 x may be conv]t$ into blue4 #adb4 ,blue ,v]dit]1 or ,v]dit]1 is an oxide ( copp]1 =m$ by precipitat+ nitrate ( copp] ) lime4 ,x is ( a beautiful light blue col\r1 little affect$ by light1 b gre5$ & ultimately black5$ by "t1 damp1 & impure air--*anges :i* ensue ev5 m rapidly 9 oil ?an 9 wat]4 ,x is mo/ly conf9$ to di/emp] pa9t+ & pap]-/a9+4 #adc4 ,egyptian ,blue1 call$ by ,vitruvius1 ,co]uleum1 is frequ5tly f\nd on ! walls ( ! temples 9 ,egypt1 z well z on ! cases enclos+ mummies4 ,c\nt ,*aptal1 :o analys$ "s ( x discov]$ 9 #ahji 9 a %op at ,pompeii1 f\nd t x 0 blue a%es1 n prep>$ 9 ! moi/ mann]1 b by calc9ation4 ,he consid]s x a k9d ( frit1 ( a semi-vitre\s nature2 & ?is w\ld appe> to be ! case f ,sir ,h4 ,davy obta9+ a simil> col\r by expos+ to a /rong heat1 = two h\rs1 a mixture ( fifte5 p>ts ( c>bonate ( soda1 tw5ty ( p[d]$ fl9ts1 & ?ree ( copp]4 ,! col\r is v brilliant :5 fir/ made1 & reta9s its hue well 9 di/emp] & decorative pa9t+2 b x has ! common defect ( copp] blues ( turn+ gre5 9 oil1 :5 gr\nd impalpably = arti/ic use4 ,"o rem>kable effect ( ?is copp] smalt--= x is no?+ else--is1 t by lamp-light x %[s some:at gre5i%1 b %9es by day ) all ! brightness ( azure4 ,mrime believes t ,paul ,v]onese employ$ ?is sort ( blue 9 _m ( 8 pictures :]e ! skies h become gre54 #add4 ,saund]s ,blue1 a corrupt "n f ,c5dres ,bleues1 ! orig9al d5om9ation probably ( ultram>9e a%es1 is ( two k9ds1 ! natural & artificial4 ,! fir/ is a blue m9]al f\nd ne> copp] m9es1 :ile ! la/ is simply a v]dit]4 #ade4 ,s*we9furt ,blue1 or ,reb\lleau's ,blue1 is prep>$ by fus+ toge!r equal weights ( ord9>y ars5iate ( protoxide ( copp] & ars5iate ( pota%1 & add+ "o-fif? its weight ( nitre to ! fus$ mass4 ,! result is1 s to speak1 a sort ( blue ,s*eele's gre51 into :i* latt] col\r x soon passes :5 rubb$ ) oil4 #adf4 ,cotton ,se$ ,blue4 ,cotton se$ oil is blea*$ by treatm5t ) ei!r c>bonate ( soda or cau/ic lime4 ,9 bo? cases1 a consid]able residue is left aft] draw+ (f ! blea*$ oil4 ,?is residue is treat$ ) sulphuric acid1 & di/ill$ at a high temp]ature1 :5 !re is left a compact mass ( a deep gre5i%-blue col\r4 ,on fur!r treatm5t ( ?is mass ) /rong sulphuric acid1 ! gre5 t9t disappe>s1 & a v int5se pure blue col\r is produc$4 ,! blue mass is a mixture ( ! col\r$ sub/ance ) "s sulphuric acid1 sulphate ( soda1 & fats4 ,! two =m] may be remov$ by wa%+ ) wat]2 ! latt] by treatm5t ) nap?a4 ,alcohol n[ dissolves ! blue col\r1 & wat] precipitates x f ! solution *emically pure4 ,?is blue has n be5 introduc$ z a pigm5t2 & ( its p]man5ce1 & o!r attributes1 we "k no?+4 #adg4 ,gold ,blue4 ,gold purple1 "u ! "n ( ,purple ( ,cassius1 0 once v well kn[n3 a l comp\nd ( t9 & gold may be made to yield a blue4 ,resembl+ indigo1 ! col\r is n rem>kably brilliant1 &1 unless sev]al precautions are c>efully obs]v$1 is r violet ?an blue4 ,:5 obta9$1 ! col\r mu/ be quickly wa%$ by decantation1 or x *anges fir/ to violet & !n to purple4 ,its co/l9ess1 lack ( brightness1 & t5d5cy to r$d51 are aga9/ its employm5t on ! palette4 ,9 enamell+ x w\ld d\btless pres]ve its col\r1 & 9 exceptional cases might be useful4 #adh4 ,iod9e ,blue4 ,x is curi\s t iod9e1 :i* gives a yell[ ) lead1 %\ld also af=d a blue ) ! same metal4 ,:5 a solution ( iod9e 9 aque\s soda 7c>bonate ( soda is n s good7 is add$ to nitrate or acetate ( lead-oxide1 a transi5t violet-r$ precipitate falls1 :i* decomposes spontane\sly "u wat]1 yield+ iod9e & a beautiful blue p[d]4 ,! col\r1 h[ev]1 is exce$+ly fugitive1 ev5 ! c>bonic acid ( ! air sep>at+ iod9e f x & =m+ a lead salt4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! sc>let iodide ( m]cury1 iod9e is capable ( furni%+ ! ?ree prim>y col\rs1 di/+ui%$ alike by _! brilliancy & fugacity4 #adi4 ,iridium ,blue4 ,! r>e metal iridium af=ds a blue :i* is a mixture ( ! oxide & ! sesquioxide4 ,b be+ slightly soluble 9 wat] & decol\ris$ by sulphurett$ hydrog51 x w\ld n1 o!r consid]ations ap>t1 be an acquisition4 #aej4 ,manganese ,blue4 ,an aque\s solution ( p]manganate ( pota% yields ) b>yta-wat] a violet mixture1 :i* aft]w>ds becomes col\rless1 & deposits a blue precipitate4 ,?is reta9s its col\r aft] wa%+ & dry+1 b _c be recomm5d$ z a pigm5t1 be+ liable to suff] 9 contact ) organic sub/ances1 :i* deoxidize & decol\rize ! manganates & p]manganates4 #aea4 ,plat9um ,blue4 ,) m]cur\s nitrate1 ! plat9ocyanide ( potassium =ms a ?ick smalt blue1 & ! plat9idcyanide a d>k blue precipitate4 ,! comp\nd is a mixture ( plat9o- or plat9idcyanide ( m]cury & m]cur\s nitrate4 ,^u ! pres5ce ( ! latt] ! col\r seems to dep5d1 = on wa%+ ) cold wat] conta9+ nitric acid1 ! nitrate is n remov$ nor ! blue affect$2 b boil+ wat] extracts ! nitrate & leaves a :ite residue4 ,a blue conta9+ m]cur\s nitrate mu/ necess>ily be injur$ by impure air1 & be o!rwise objectionable4 #aeb4 ,tung/5 ,blue is an oxide =m$ by ! action ( v>i\s deoxidiz+ ag5ts on tung/ic acid4 ,x rema9s unalt]$ 9 ! air at ord9>y temp]atures1 is opaque1 & ( a blacki% indigo-blue col\r4 ,z a pigm5t1 !re is little to recomm5d x4 #aec4 ,wood-,t> ,blue4 ,! col\rs obta9$ f coal-t> h become h\sehold words1 & x is n impossible t ^? f wood-t> may be "s day equally famili>4 ,at pres5t wood-t> is comp>atively unexplor$1 b ! fact t picam> furni%es a blue is at lea/ z sugge/ive & hopeful z t transi5t purple col\ration by :i* anil9e 0 once *iefly di/+ui%$4 ,z anil9e is a product ( coal-t>1 s picam> is a product ( wood-t>2 & z ! =m] gives a purple ) hypo*lorites1 s ! latt] yields a blue ) b>yta-wat]4 ,bo? are di/+ui%$ by col\r$ te/s1 b !re is ?is advantage 9 ! picam> blue--x is comp>atively p]man5t4 ,picam> blue is produc$ :5 a few drops ( b>yta-wat] are add$ to an alcoholic solution ( impure picam>1 or ev5 to wood-t> oil depriv$ ( its acid4 ,! liquor in/antly assumes a bright blue t9t1 :i* 9 a few m9utes passes into an indigo col\r4 ,f ,greek3 pitta pit*1 & ,greek3 kallos ornam5t1 ! blue is nam$ ,pittacal4 ,! mode ( sep>at+ pittacal has n be5 cle>ly describ$4 ,dumas /ates1 t :5 precipitat$ 9 a floccul5t /ate f its solutions1 or obta9$ by evaporation1 x closely resembles indigo1 &1 l x1 acquires a copp]y hue :5 rubb$4 ,x is inodor\s1 ta/eless1 & n volatile2 & is abundantly soluble 9 acetic acid1 =m+ a r$ liquid1 :i*1 :5 saturat$ by an alkali1 becomes ( a bright blue4 ,x is repres5t$ z a m delicate te/ ( acid & alkalis ?an litmus4 ,) acetate ( lead1 proto*loride ( t91 ammonio-sulphate ( copp]1 & acetate ( alum9a1 x yields a f9e blue col\r ) a t9t ( violet1 said n to be affect$ by air or light1 & !re=e recomm5d$ = dye+4 ,l indigo1 pittacal is believ$ to conta9 nitrog51 b its ultimate composition has n be5 accurately det]m9$4 ,dumas consid]s x id5tical ) a blue product obta9$ 9 #ahbg f coal-t> by ,,mm4 ,b>! & ,laur5t4 ,if ?is be ! case1 its great] /ability ov] coal-t> blues & col\rs g5]ally admits ( d\bt4 ,t1 h[ev]1 has yet to be asc]ta9$4 ,our object 9 notic+ ?is blue has be5 two-fold3 fir/1 to direct att5tion to wood-t> z a possible s\rce ( col\r2 & secondly1 to po9t to pittacal z a possible sub/itute = indigo1 possess+ great] durability4 #aed4 ,z9c-,cobalt ,blue4 ,cobalt1 z furni%+ a blue col\r1 is usually associat$ ) alum9a1 silica1 or t92 &1 z furni%+ a gre5 col\r1 ) z9c4 ,b !re is obta9able a comp\nd ( z9c & cobalt :i* gives a blue n only free f gre51 b incl9+ r to r$4 ,x is made by add+ to a solution ( ord9>y phosphate ( soda 9 excess a solution fir/ ( sulphate ( z9c & !n ( sulphate ( cobalt1 & wa%+ & ignit+ ! precipitate4 ,! result is a vitre\s blue ) a purple ca/1 ( little body1 & exce$+ly difficult to gr9d4 ,altoge!r1 x is n unlike smalt1 ov] :i* x has no advantages z an arti/ic pigm5t ei!r 9 col\r or p]man5ce4 ,= t9t+ porcela91 h[ev]1 x is admirably adapt$1 imp>t+ !reto a v pure d>k blue ( extraord9>y beauty4 ,?is blue is di/+ui%$ f smalt by dissolv+ 9 acetic acid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,comp>$ ) ! wide range ( yell[s1 or ev5 ) r$s1 ! arti/ f9ds ! numb] ( 8 blues limit$4 ,! p]fect native & excell5t artificial ultram>9es1 ! good blues ( cobalt1 ! fair ,prussian blue1 & ! d\btful indigo1 are ! f\r v>ieties he has = ye>s be5 9 ! habit ( us+1 & is /ill ma9ly dep5d5t on4 ,our division1 !re=e1 into p]man5t1 semi-/able1 & fugitive1 is easily effect$4 ,9 ! front rank1 pre-em95t among blues z among pigm5ts g5]ally1 /&s g5u9e ultram>9e4 ,beh9d x1 are ! artificial ultram>9es2 & beh9d !m aga91 cobalt & c]ulian blue4 ,to a great] or less ext5t1 all ^! are durable4 ,among ! semi-/able1 mu/ be class$ cyan9e or ,leit*'s blue1 smalt1 & ,prussian blue4 ,to ! fugitive1 belong indigo & ! some:at m p]man5t int5se blue1 ,antw]p blue1 & ! copp] blues4 ,9 ?is li/ ( blues1 :i* grace or disgrace ! palette ( ! pres5t day1 !re is "o col\r :i*1 al?\gh n p]man5t1 is almo/ indisp5sable4 ,z yet1 ! *emi/ _c 9 all cases lay d[n ! law z to :at pigm5ts may or may n be employ$4 ,! pa9t] :o unnecess>ily uses fugitive col\rs mu/ h little love = 8 craft1 & a poor op9ion ( ! value ( 8 "w2 b1 ev5 ) ! be/ int5tions & ! utmo/ self-e/eem1 ! arti/ _c always conf9e himself to /rictly /able pigm5ts4 ,he has no "r to use orpim5t in/ead ( cadmium yell[1 or r$ lead in/ead ( v]milion1 or copp] blue in/ead ( cobalt3 he has no bus9ess to employ indigo :5 ,prussian blue sadd5$ by black w answ] 8 purpose2 b--:at pigm5t c he sub/itute = ,prussian blue itself8 ,none4 ,9 its wondr\s dep?1 ri*ness1 & transp>5cy1 x /&s alone3 !re is no yell[ to comp>e ) x1 no r$ to equal x1 no blue to rival x4 ,9 =ce & p[] x is a col\r among col\rs1 & transp>5t beyond !m all4 ,! great importance ( transp>5t pigm5ts is to unite ) solid or opaque col\rs ( _! own hues1 giv+ tone & atmosph]e g5]ally1 toge!r ) beauty & life2 to conv]t prim>y into second>y1 & second>y into t]ti>y col\rs1 ) brilliancy2 to deep5 & enri* d>k col\rs & %ad[s1 & to imp>t =ce & tone to black itself4 ,= su* effects1 no pigm5t c vie ) ,prussian blue4 ,:at purples x produces1 :at gre5s x gives1 :at a mat*less range ( grays2 :at velvety gl[ x conf]s1 h[ x s(t5s ! h>%ness ( col\rs1 & h[ x subdues _! gl>e4 ,no2 until ! adv5t ( a p]fect palette1 ! arti/ c sc>cely "p ) 8 ,prussian blue2 nor c ! *emi/1 :o has no?+ bett] to (f]1 hold him to blame4 ,x is = ,art to copy ,nature ) ! be/ mat]ials %e possesses3 x is = ,sci5ce to le>n ! secrets ( ,nature1 & turn !m to ! b5efit ( ,art4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,on ,,! ,,second>y1 ,,orange4 ,orange is ! fir/ ( ! second>y col\rs 9 relation to light1 be+ 9 all ! v>iety ( its hues compos$ ( yell[ & r$4 ,a true or p]fect orange is su* a comp\nd ( r$ & yell[ z w neutralize a p]fect blue 9 equal quantity ei!r ( surface or int5sity2 & ! proportions ( su* comp\nd are five ( p]fect r$ to ?ree ( p]fect yell[4 ,:5 orange incl9es to r$1 x takes ! names ( sc>let1 poppy1 c43 9 gold col\r1 c41 x leans t[>ds yell[4 ,comb9$ ) gre5 x =ms ! t]ti>y citr9e1 & ) purple ! t]ti>y russet3 x also furni%es a s]ies ( w>m semi-neutral col\rs ) black1 & h>monizes 9 contact & v>iety ( t9ts ) :ite4 ,orange is an advanc+ col\r 9 pa9t+3--9 nature x is effective at a great di/ance1 act+ p[]fully on ! eye1 dim9i%+ its s5sibility 9 accordance ) ! /r5g? ( ! light 9 :i* x is view$4 ,x is ( ! hue1 & p>takes ( ! vividness ( sun%9e1 z x likewise does ( all ! p[]s ( its compon5ts1 r$ & yell[4 ,pre-em95tly a w>m col\r1 be+ ! equal contra/ ( or antagoni/ to blue1 to :i* ! attribute ( coolness peculi>ly belongs1 x is discordant :5 /&+ alone ) yell[ or ) r$1 unresolv$ by _! prop] contra/s or h>moniz+ col\rs1 purple & gre54 ,z an ar*eus or rul+ col\r1 orange is "o ( ! mo/ agreeable keys 9 ton+ a picture1 f ! ri*ness & w>m? ( its effects4 ,if x pr$om9ate !re91 = ! col\r+ to be true1 ! violet & purple %\ld be m or less r$1 ! r$ m or less sc>let1 ! yell[ m or less int5se & orange1 & ! orange itself be int5se & vivid4 ,fur!r1 ! gre5s mu/ lose "s ( _! blue & consequ5tly become yell[]1 ! light blues be m or less light grey1 & ! deep indigo m or less m>rone4 ,al?\gh ! second>y col\rs are capable ( be+ obta9$ by admixture ( ! prim>ies 9 an inf9itude ( hues1 t9ts1 & %ades2 yet simple orig9al pigm5ts ( :atev] class--:e!r second>y1 t]ti>y1 or semi-neutral--are1 x has be5 said be=e1 (t5 sup]ior to ^? comp\nd$1 bo? 9 a *emical & arti/ic s5se4 ,h5ce a ?or\ghly good orig9al orange is only ( less value & importance ?an a ?or\ghly good orig9al yell[1 a gre5 ?an a blue1 or a purple ?an a r$4 ,to produce pure & p]man5t comp\nd hues requires practice & k1 & we too (t5 see 9 ! works ( pa9t]s comb9ations nei!r pleas+ nor /able4 ,col\rs are associat$ ) ea* o!r :i* d n mix k9dly1 & comp\nds =m$ ( :i* "o or bo? con/itu5ts are fugitive4 ,z a consequ5ce1 mix$ t9ts are frequ5tly want+ 9 cle>ness1 &1 :]e !y d n disappe> altoge!r1 resolve !mselves into "s prim>y col\r2 orange becom+ r$ by a fad+ ( ! yell[1 gre5 yell[ by a fad+ ( ! blue1 & purple blue by a fad+ ( ! r$4 ,aga91 ) reg>d to comp\nd t9ts1 !re is ! dang] ( "o col\r react+ ^u & injur+ ano!r1 z 9 ! case ( gre5s obta9$ f *rome yell[ & ,prussian blue1 :]e ! =m] ultimately de/roys ! latt]4 ,( c\rse a mixture ( two p]man5t pigm5ts :i* d n react on ea* o!r w rema9 p]man5t2 ! gre51 = in/ance1 furni%$ by aureol9 & native ultram>9e la/+ z long z ! gr\nd itself4 ,to produce1 h[ev]1 ! effects desir$1 ! arti/ does n always /op to consid] ! fitness & /ability ( 8 col\rs 9 comp\nd+1 ev5 if he possess ! ne$$ acqua9tance ) _! physical & *emical prop]ties4 ,at all times1 !re=e1 b especially :5 su* k is slight1 good orange1 c41 pigm5ts are ( m or less value1 z by _! use ! employm5t ( inf]ior mixtures is to a great ext5t avoid$4 ,9 m+l+ prim>y ) prim>y1 if "o col\r does n comp\nd well ) ! o!r1 or is fugaci\s1 ! result is failure2 b a second>y is n s easily affect$ by admixture3 a gre51 = example1 is seldom q ru9$ by ! injudici\s addition ( blue or yell[2 & ev5 if ei!r ( ! latt] be fugitive1 ! gre5 w rema9 a gre5 if orig9ally durable4 ,?us ! second>ies1 if !y are n already ( ! col\r requir$1 may be bright5$ or subdu$1 deep5$ or pal$1 ) comp>ative impunity4 ,! arti/ :o1 f long ye>s ( exp]i5ce1 kn[s exactly ! prop]ties & capabilities ( ! col\rs he employs1 may 9 a measure disp5se ) second>y pigm5ts1 & obta9 f ! prim>ies mix$ t9ts at once /able1 beautiful1 & pure2 b ev5 he mu/ sometimes resort to !m1 z :5 a gre5 l em]ald or viridian is requir$1 :i* no mixture ( blue & yell[ w af=d4 ,! prim>ies1 by reason ( _! n be+ able to be compos$ ( o!r col\rs1 occupy ! fir/ place on ! palette1 & are ( ! fir/ importance2 b ! second>ies are f> too useful to be disreg>d$1 & h a value ( _! own1 :i* bo? vet]an & tyro h cause to ackn[l$ge4 ,! li/ ( orig9al orange pigm5ts 0 once s defici5t1 t 9 "s old treatises on ! subject ( col\rs1 !y are n ev5 m5tion$4 ,?is may h aris51 n m]ely f _! paucity1 b f ! unsettl$ signification ( ! t]m orange1 z well z f improp]ly call+ ^! pigm5ts r$s1 yell[s1 c4 ,9 ^! days1 h[ev]1 orange pigm5ts are suffici5tly num]\s to m]it a *apt] to !mselves2 !y inde$ comprise "s ( ! be/ col\rs on ! palette4 #aee4 ,,burnt ,,si5na1 or ,burnt ,t]ra di ,si5na1 is calc9$ raw ,si5na1 ( a ri* transp>5t br[n-orange or orange-russet col\r1 ri*]1 deep]1 & m transp>5t ?an ! raw e>?4 ,x also works & dries bett]1 has 9 o!r respects ! qualities ( its p>5t col\r1 & is a mo/ p]man5t & s]viceable pigm5t 9 pa9t+ g5]ally4 ,= ! w>m t9ts 9 rocks1 mud banks1 & build+s1 ?is col\r is excell5t4 ,:5 mix$ ) blue x makes a good gre52 furni%+ a bright gre5 ) cobalt1 & "o mu* m int5se ) ,prussian blue4 ,= ! =esea1 :e!r calm or brok5 by waves1 x may be employ$ ) a little madd]2 :ile comp\nd$ ) a small portion ( ! latt] & lamp black1 x meets ! hues ( old po/s1 boats1 & a v>iety ( ne> objects1 z ! t9ts may be v>i$ by modify+ ! proportions ( ! compon5t col\rs4 ,us$ ) :ite1 x yields a range ( sunny tones2 & ) aureol9 or ,fr5* blue & aureol9 w be f\nd ( s]vice1 ! la/ comp\nd giv+ a f9e olive gre54 ,simil> b fugitive gre5s are af=d$ by admixture ( burnt ,si5na ) indigo & yell[ or ,roman o*re1 or raw ,si5na2 t9ts :i* may be sadd5$ into olive neutrals by ! addition ( sepia1 & r5d]$ m durable by sub/itut+ = indigo ,prussian blue & black4 ,mix$ ) viridian1 x furni%es autumnal hues ( ! utmo/ ri*ness1 beauty1 & p]man5ce2 &1 alone1 is valuable z a glaze ov] foliage & h]bage4 ,= ! d>k m>k+s & divisions ( /ones a comp\nd ( ,payne's gray & burnt ,si5na w prove s]viceable2 :ile = r$ sails ! ,si5na1 ei!r by itself1 ) br[n madd]1 or ) ,indian r$1 _c be surpass$4 ,= =egr\nds1 banks & roads1 cattle & animals 9 g5]al1 burnt ,si5na is equally eligible1 bo? alone & comp\nd$4 ,x has a slight t5d5cy to d>k5 by "t4 #aef4 ,,cadmium ,,orange 0 fir/ introduc$ to ! art-_w at ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb1 :]e x 0 univ]sally admir$ = its extreme brilliancy & beauty1 a brilliancy equall$ by few ( ! col\rs ) :i* x 0 associat$1 & a beauty devoid ( co>s5ess4 ,we rememb] well ! p[] x possess$ ( attract+ ! eye f a di/ance2 & h[1 on ne> approa*1 x ?rew ne>ly all o!r pigm5ts into ! %ade4 ,x has 9 tru? a lu/r\s lum9osity n (t5 to be met )1 add$ to a total abs5ce ( rankness or h>%ness4 ,a simple orig9al col\r1 conta9+ no base b cadmium1 x is ( p]fect p]man5ce1 be+ un9jur$ by exposure to light1 air or damp1 by sulphurett$ hydrog51 or by admixture4 ,hav+ 9 common ) cadmium sulphides a c]ta9 am\nt ( transp>5cy1 x is invaluable = gorge\s sunsets & ! l1 ei!r alone or comp\nd$ ) aureol94 ,( great dep? & p[] 9 its full t\*es1 ! pale wa%es are m>k$ by t cle>ness & delicacy :i* are s ess5tial 9 pa9t+ skies4 ,z day decl9es1 & blue melts into gre51 gre5 into orange1 & orange into purple1 ! prop] use ( ?is pigm5t w produce effects bo? gl[+ & transp>5t4 ,transp>5cy signifies ! quality ( be+ se5 ?r\gh or into2 & 9 no bett] way c x be arriv$ at ?an by giv+ a numb] ( ?9 wa%es ( det]m9$ "*1 ea* light] ?an ! prec$+ "o4 ,) due c>e 9 pres]v+ _! =ms1 f ! comm5cem5t to ! t]m9ation1 su* wa%es ( orange w furni% hues ! s(te/ & mo/ a]ial4 ,= bits ( bright drap]y1 a glaze ov] autumn leaves1 & mural decoration1 ?is col\r is adapt$2 :ile 9 illum9ation x supplies a want =m]ly mu* felt4 ,) ! exception ( sc>let or bright orange1 said ,mr4 ,bradley1 n9e or t5 ye>s s9ce1 9 8 ,manual ( ,illum9ation1 our col\rs are ev]y?+ we c\ld wi%4 ,z an orig9al pigm5t1 a p]man5t sc>let does n yet exi/2 b ! brilliancy ( cadmium orange _c be disput$1 nor its claim to be ! only unexceptionable bright orange kn[n4 ,x ev5 assi/s ! =mation ( ! o!r col\r3 rem>ks ! au?or m5tion$1 ,brilliancy is obta9$ by gradation4 ,suppose a sc>let ov]-curl+ leaf1 = example4 ,! :ole %\ld be pa9t$ 9 pure orange1 ) ! g5tle/ possible aft]-t\* ( v]milion t[>ds ! corn] "u ! curl4 ,:5 dry1 a firm l9e--n wa%--( c>m9e1 7( madd]1 pref]able4--,ed471 pass$ )9 ! outl9e on ! %ade side only ( ! leaf1 w give to ! :ole ! look ( a bright sc>let surface1 b ) an indescribable sup]add$ *>m1 t no m]ely flat col\r c possess4 ,9 ! same bran* ( art1 illum9ation1 cadmium orange1 oppos$ to viridian1 pres5ts a mo/ dazzl+ contra/1 especially if reliev$ by purple4 #aeg4 ,,*9ese ,,orange belongs to ! coal-t> col\rs1 & ought /rictly to h be5 class$ !re)4 ,we h pref]r$1 h[ev]1 to keep x sep>ate1 because1 z ,*9ese ,orange1 x 0 introduc$ z a pigm5t1 & has n be5 employ$ z a dye4 ,9 col\r1 x some:at resembles burnt ,si5na1 enri*$1 r$d5$1 bright5$1 & made m transp>5t1 by admixture ) crimson lake4 ,f its behavi\r1 x w\ld seem to be compos$ ( yell[ & r$1 su* a comp\nd z mag5ta & anil9e yell[ w\ld af=d4 ,its pale wa%es are unc]ta91 be+ apt to resolve !mselves into r$ & yell[1 ( :i* ! latt] appe>s ! mo/ p]man5t2 =1 on exposure to light & air1 ! r$ m or less flies1 leav+ "h a yell[1 & !re a r$di%-yell[ gr\nd3 9 places bo? r$ & yell[ disappe>4 ,l all fugitive col\rs1 x is comp>atively /able :5 us$ 9 body2 b ev5 !n x entirely loses its dep? & ri*ness1 & 9 a great measure its r$ness1 becom+ fad$ & yell[i%4 ,9 ?9 wa%es or glaz+ x is totally inadmissible2 &1 be+ nei!r a r$1 an orange1 nor a br[n1 is unsuit$ to pure effects4 ,nev]!less1 :]e x ne$ n be unduly expos$2 9 portfolio illum9ations1 = in/ance1 ! ri*ness1 subdu$ brilliancy1 & transp>5cy ( ?is pigm5t1 ju/ify its adoption4 ,x is n affect$ by an impure atmosph]e4 ,anil9e col\rs may be adapt$ = oil pa9t+ by dissolv+ !m 9 ! /ronge/ alcohol1 saturat+ ! solution ) ,damm> res91 filt]+ ! t9cture1 & p\r+ ! filtrate ei!r on pure wat] or solution ( common salt1 /irr+ well all ! "t4 ,! wat] or br9e solution mu/ be at lea/ tw5ty times ! bulk ( ! t9cture4 ,! col\r aft] be+ collect$ on a filt]1 wa%$1 & dri$1 c be gr\nd ) l9se$ oil1 poppy oil1 or oil v>ni%es4 #aeh4 ,,*rome ,,orange1 ,orange ,*rome1 or ,orange ,*romate ( ,lead1 is a sub-*romate ( lead ( an orange-yell[ col\r1 produc$ by ! action ( an alkali on *rome yell[4 ,l all ! *romates ( lead1 x is *>act]iz$ by p[] & brilliancy2 b also by a rankness ( tone1 a want ( p]man5ce1 & a t5d5cy to injure organic pigm5ts4 ,by reason ( its lead base x is subject to alt]ation by impure air1 b is on ! :ole pref]able to ! *rome yell[s1 be+ liable 9 a some:at less degree to _! *anges & aff9ities4 ,z1 h[ev]1 a col\r has no bus9ess to be us$ if a bett] c be procur$1 ! rec5t introduction ( cadmium orange r5d]s all risk unnecess>y4 #aei4 ,,m>s ,,orange1 ,orange de ,m>s1 is a subdu$ orange ( ! burnt ,si5na class1 b )\t ! br[n t+e t di/+ui%es ! latt]4 ,m>k$ by a special cle>ness & purity ( tone1 ) mu* transp>5cy1 x af=ds bright sunny t9ts 9 its pale wa%es1 & comb9es effectively ) :ite4 ,be+ an artificial iron o*re x is m *emically active ?an native o*res1 & ne$s to be cauti\sly employ$ ) pigm5ts affect$ by iron1 su* z ! lakes ( co*9eal & int5se blue4 #afj4 ,,mix$ ,,orange4 ,orange be+ a comp\nd col\r1 ! place ( orig9al orange pigm5ts c be suppli$ by mixtures ( yell[ & r$2 ei!r by glaz+ "o ov] ! o!r1 by /ippl+1 or by o!r modes ( break+ & int]mix+ !m1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! "w & ! effect requir$4 ,= reasons lately giv51 mix$ pigm5ts are apt to be inf]ior to ! simple or homog5e\s bo? 9 col\r1 work+1 & o!r prop]ties2 yet "s pigm5ts mix & comb9e m cordially & ) bett] results ?an o!rs2 z is ! case ) liquid rubiate & gamboge4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! comp\nd+ ( col\rs is easi] 9 oil ?an 9 wat]2 b 9 bo? vehicles tr\ble w be sav$ by beg9n+ ) ! pr$om9at+ col\r1 & add+ ! o!r or o!rs to x4 ,p]haps 9 ?is1 our fir/ *apt] on ! second>y col\rs1 & consequ5tly on col\rs t c be comp\nd$1 a few rem>ks on mix$ t9ts f a *emical po9t ( view w n be deem$ sup]flu\s4 ,!re are two ways1 we take x1 ( look+ at a picture--f a purely *emical1 & f a purely arti/ic1 po9t ( view4 ,reg>d$ 9 ! fir/ light1 x matt]s little :e!r a pa9t+ be a "w ( g5ius or a daub1 provid$ ! pigm5ts employ$ on x are good & prop]ly comp\nd$4 ,! effects produc$ are lo/ sight ( 9 a consid]ation ( ! mat]ials1 _! p]man5ce1 fugacity1 & conduct t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,pa9t+ is ess5tially a *emical op]ation3 ) 8 pigm5ts = reag5ts1 ! arti/ unwitt+ly p]=ms reaction aft] reaction1 n ) ! imm$iate results inde$ ( ! *emi/ 9 8 laboratory1 b (t5 z surely4 ,z col\r is add$ to col\r1 & mixture to mixture1 acid meets alkali1 metal animal1 m9]al vegetable1 inorganic organic4 ,) s close a union ( opposite & oppos+ elem5ts1 ! wond] is n s mu* t pictures sometimes p]i%1 b t !y ev] live4 ,x behoves ! arti/1 !n1 n only to procure ! be/ & mo/ p]man5t pigm5ts possible1 b to comp\nd !m 9 su* a mann] t 8 mix$ t9ts may be durable z well z beautiful4 ,to effect or aid 9 effect+ ?is1 al?\gh he may n always be able to act ^u !m1 ! foll[+ axioms %\ld be borne 9 m9d3-- #a4 ,if !y d n react on ea* o!r1 a p]man5t pigm5t add$ to a p]man5t pigm5t yields a p]man5t mixture4 #b4 ,if !y d react on ea* o!r1 a p]man5t pigm5t add$ to a p]man5t pigm5t yields a semi-/able or fugitive mixture4 #c4 ,a p]man5t pigm5t add$ to a semi-/able pigm5t yields a semi-/able mixture4 #d4 ,a p]man5t pigm5t add$ to a fugitive pigm5t yields a fugitive mixture4 ,consequ5tly-- #e4 ,a p]man5t pigm5t may be r5d]$ fugitive or semi-/able by improp] comp\nd+4 #f4 ,a semi-/able or fugitive pigm5t is n r5d]$ durable by be+ comp\nd$4 #g4 ,z a *a9 is only z /rong z its weake/ l9k1 s a mixture is only z p]man5t z its lea/ durable con/itu5t4 ,to give illu/rations-- #a4 ,ultram>9e add$ to ,*9ese :ite yields a p]man5t mixture4 #b4 ,ultram>9e add$ to an acid con/ant :ite yields a semi-/able or fugitive mixture4 #c4 ,ultram>9e add$ to ,prussian blue yields a semi-/able mixture4 #d4 ,ultram>9e add$ to indigo yields a fugitive mixture4 ,except 9 ! second in/ance1 :]e ! blue is ei!r p>tially or :olly de/roy$--9 "t1 be x rememb]$1 n at once--accord+ to ! quantity & /r5g? ( ! acid 9 ! :ite1 ! ultram>9e rema9s un*ang$4 ,h5ce at fir/ sight our ?ird & f\r? conclusions may appe> wrong2 inasmu* z1 x may be argu$1 a blue mixture _c be semi-/able or fugitive :5 blue is left4 ,to ?is we reply1 unless bo? con/itu5ts are fugitive1 a mixture w always m or less possess col\r2 b1 if ev5 "o con/itu5t be semi-/able or fugitive1 a mixture w sl[ly b surely lose ! col\r = :i* x 0 comp\nd$1 & be z a mixture semi-/able or fugitive4 ,x ne$ h>dly be obs]v$ t ! numb] ( p]man5t orange1 gre51 & purple hues :i* ! arti/ c comp\nd1 dep5ds ma9ly on ! numb] ( p]man5t yell[s1 r$s1 & blues at 8 disposal4 ,9 mix$ orange1 !re=e1 a selection ( durable yell[s & r$s is ( ! fir/ importance4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be rem>k$ t mix$ orange1 m sob] & less decid$1 is obta9able by ! use ( citr9e & russet2 9 ! =m] ( :i* yell[ pr$om9ates1 & 9 ! latt]1 r$3 consequ5tly orange results :5 yell[ is add$ to russet1 r$ to citr9e1 or citr9e to russet4 ,,p]man5t ,,yell[s4 ,,p]man5t ,,r$s4 ,aureol94 ,cadmium ,r$4 ,cadmium1 deep4 ,liquid ,rubiate4 ,cadmium1 pale4 ,madd] ,c>m9e4 ,lemon ,yell[4 ,rose ,madd]4 ,m>s ,yell[4 ,m>s ,r$4 ,naples ,yell[1 mod]n4 ,o*res4 ,o*res4 ,v]milions4 ,ori5t ,yell[4 ,raw ,si5na4 ,none ( ^! pigm5ts react on ea* o!r1 & f !m c be produc$ ! mo/ durable mix$ orange t yell[ & r$ w af=d4 #afa4 ,,neutral ,,orange1 or ,p5ley's ,neutral ,orange1 is a p]man5t comp\nd pigm5t compos$ ( yell[ o*re & ! russet-m>rone kn[n z br[n madd]3 x is *iefly valuable 9 wat]-col\r4 ,pap]1 be+ :ite1 is too opaque to pa9t ^u1 )\t "s wa% ( col\r be+ fir/ pass$ ov] x2 o!rwise ! light tones ( ! sky are apt to look crude & h>%4 ,x mu/1 !re=e1 be gone ov] ) "s desirable t9t1 t %all break1 9 a slight degree1 ! extreme brilliancy ( ! m]e pap]4 ,= ?is purpose1 a ?9 wa% ( ! orange is to be put ov] ! :ole surface ( ! pap] ) a l>ge flat bru%1 c>e be+ tak5 nev] to drive ! col\r too b>e1 i4e4 nev] to empty ! bru% too closely1 b always to repl5i% be=e m is actually requir$4 ,?is fir/ wa% ( col\r n only gives a tone to ! pap]1 b secures ! p5cil sket* f be+ rubb$ out4 ,! reason :y1 9 ?is comp\nd1 yell[ o*re1 z a yell[1 is pref]r$ to any ( ! o!rs1 is1 t x is a brok5 yell[1 t is1 a yell[ slightly alt]$ by hav+ ano!r hue1 su* z r$1 or br[n1 9 its composition4 ,x is some:at opaque too1 & h5ce1 f ?is quality1 is especially adapt$ = di/ances4 ,br[n madd] also is a subdu$ r$1 :i*1 :5 9 comb9ation ) ! =m]1 produces a neutral orange1 p>tak+ ( ! "* ( s(t light4 ,z a g5]al rule1 yell[ o*re is to pr$om9ate 9 broad daylight1 & br[n madd] 9 t :i* is m sombre & imp]fect3 h5ce ! pigm5t c be yell[$ or r$d5$1 by ! addition ( "o or ! o!r4 ,= a cle> sunset1 ! neutral orange mu/ be repeat$1 ) a prepond]ance ( o*re at ! top1 assi/$ by a little cadmium yell[ ne> ! sun2 ! madd] be+ add$ d[nw>ds4 ,9 treat+ ( di/ant m\nta9s1 a di/9ction is to be made betwe5 !m & ! cl\ds1 ! =m] requir+ solidity1 :ile ! latt] are only to be reg>d$ z vap\r & air4 ,m\nta9s1 be+ opaque bodies1 are act$ ^u by atmosph]e m or less1 accord+ to _! position1 _! di/ance1 & ! /ate ( ! wea!r4 ,to express ?is di/9ction1 rec\rse mu/ be _h to an "u t9t1 except :]e ! tone is decid$ly blue--an uncommon case4 ,no mixture c give ?is ) su* tru? z ! neutral orange4 ,a wa%1 !re=e1 %\ld be pass$ ov] ! m\nta9s1 ) ne>ly all yell[ 9 ! high lights1 or 9 ! gleams ( sun%9e1 &1 on ! contr>y1 almo/ all br[n madd] = ! %ad[s4 ,^! two degrees ( tone mu/ be run into ea* o!r :ile ! draw+ is wet4 ,a beautiful & s(t "u tone w ?us be giv5 to receive ! greys4 #afb4 ,,orange1 ,,or ,,burnt ,,roman ,,o*re1 call$ also ,spani% ,o*re1 is a v bright yell[ or ,roman o*re burnt1 by :i* op]ation x acquires w>m?1 col\r1 transp>5cy1 & dep?4 ,mod]ately bright1 x =ms good fle% t9ts ) :ite1 dries & works well bo? 9 wat] & oil1 & is a v good & eligible pigm5t4 ,x may be us$ 9 enamel pa9t+1 & has all ! prop]ties ( its orig9al o*re 9 o!r respects4 ,a r$d] hue is imp>t$ by mix+ ! o*re ) p[d]$ nitre be=e ignition1 ! orange r$ be+ subsequ5tly wa%$ ) hot wat]4 99 99 99 99 99 #afc4 ,anotta1 ,annotto1 ,annatto1 ,arnotto1 ,arnotta1 ,t]ra ,orellana1 ,roc\1 c41 is met ) 9 comm]ce "u ! names ( cake anotta1 & flag or roll anotta4 ,! =m]1 :i* comes almo/ exclusively f ,cay5ne1 %\ld be ( a bright yell[ col\r3 ! latt]1 :i* is import$ f ! ,brazils1 is br[n outside & r$ )94 ,x is prep>$ f ! pods ( ! bixa orellana1 & appe>s g5]ally to conta9 two col\r+ matt]s1 a yell[ & a r$1 :i* are apt to adh]e to ea* o!r & produce orange4 ,anotta dissolves ) difficulty 9 wat]1 b readily 9 alcohol & alkal9e solutions1 f :i* la/ x may be ?r[n d[n z a lake by means ( alum4 ,be+1 h[ev]1 exce$+ly fugitive & *angeable1 x is n fit = pa9t+2 b is *iefly employ$ 9 dye+ silk1 & col\r+ v>ni%es & *eese4 ,v r$ *eese %\ld be look$ ^u ) suspicion1 = al?\gh ! admixture ( anotta is 9 no way detrim5tal to heal? provid$ ! drug be pure1 x is commonly adult]at$ ) r$ lead & o*re4 ,sev]al in/ances are on record t ,gl\ce/] & o!r *eeses h be5 f\nd contam9at$ ) r$ lead1 ?r\gh hav+ be5 col\r$ ) anotta conta9+ x1 & t ?is contam9ation has produc$ s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,bix9e is a purifi$ extract ( anotta made 9 ,france1 & us$ by dy]s4 #afd4 ,antimony ,orange1 ,gold5 ,sulphur ( ,antimony1 or ,gold5 ,yell[1 is a hydro-sulphuret ( antimony ( an orange col\r1 :i* is de/roy$ by ! action ( /rong light4 ,x is a bad dry] 9 oil1 injuri\s to _m pigm5ts1 & 9 no respect eligible ei!r 9 wat] or oil4 #afe4 ,*romate ( ,m]cury has be5 improp]ly class$ z a r$ ) v]milion1 = ?\gh x is ( a bright o*r\s r$ 9 p[d]1 :5 gr\nd x becomes a bright o*re-orange1 & af=ds ) :ite v pure orange t9ts4 ,nev]!less x is a bad pigm5t1 s9ce light soon *anges x to a deep russet col\r1 & f\l air r$uces x to extreme blackness4 #aff4 ,damonico1 or ,monicon1 is an iron o*re1 be+ a comp\nd ( raw ,si5na & ,roman o*re burnt1 & hav+ all _! qualities4 ,x is r m russet 9 hue ?an ! pigm5t kn[n z orange or burnt ,roman o*re1 has consid]able transp>5cy1 is ri* & durable 9 col\r1 & furni%es good fle% t9ts4 ,z 9 orange o*re1 p[d]$ nitre may be employ$ 9 its prep>ation4 ,not)/&+ its m]its1 x is obsolete or ne>ly s2 d\btless because burnt ,si5na mix$ ) burnt ,roman o*re suffici5tly answ]s ! purpose4 #afg4 ,gamboge ,orange4 ,on add+ acetate ( lead to a pota% solution ( gamboge1 a ri* bright orange is precipitat$1 :i* may be wa%$ on a filt] till ! wa%+s are col\rless1 & pres]ves its hue ) c>eful dry+4 ,! orange :i* we ?us obta9$ /ood well 9 a book1 b x _c be recomm5d$ z an arti/ic pigm5t4 ,p]haps 9 dye+1 ! lead & gamboge solutions might be wor? a trial4 #afh4 ,laque ,m9rale is a ,fr5* pigm5t1 a species ( *romic orange1 simil> to ! orange *romate ( lead4 ,?is "n is likewise giv5 to orange oxide ( iron4 #afi4 ,madd] ,orange1 or ,orange ,lake4 ,x has be5 said t ! yell[s s-call$ produc$ f madd] are n rem>kable = /ability1 diff]+ !re9 f ! r$s1 purples1 russets1 & br[ns4 ,l !m1 ?is 'orange' is ( d\btful col\r & p]man5ce1 & n to be met )1 brilliant & pure1 on ! palette ( to-day4 ,! russet kn[n z ,rub5s' madd] has a t5d5cy to orange4 #agj4 ,orange ,lead1 ( a dull orange col\r1 is an orange protoxide ( lead or massicot4 ,l li?>ge1 x may be employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( dry+ oils1 &1 be+ a bett] dri] ?an :ite lead1 may be sub/itut$ = x 9 mix+ ) pigm5ts :i* ne$ a siccative1 z ! bitum9\s e>?s4 ,m9ium sometimes leans to orange2 & !re is made f c]use a peculi> r$1 ,m9]al ,orange4 ,orange ,orpim5t1 or ,realg>1 has also be5 call$ ,r$ ,orpim5t1 improp]ly1 s9ce x is a brilliant orange1 incl9+ to yell[4 ,!re are two k9ds1 a native & an artificial1 ( :i* ! =m] is ! s&>ac ( ! anci5ts1 & is r r$d] ?an ! latt]4 ,!y possess ! same qualities z pigm5ts1 & z su* resemble yell[ orpim5t1 to :i* ! old pa9t]s gave ! orange hue by heat1 nam+ x al*emy & burnt orpim5t4 ,orange orpim5t conta9s m ars5ic & less sulphur ?an ! yell[1 & is ( c\rse highly poison\s4 ,x is (t5 sophi/icat$ ) brickdu/ & yell[ o*re4 #agb4 ,?allium ,orange is produc$ :5 bi*romate ( pota% is add$ to a neutral salt ( ! protoxide ( ?allium1 z an orange-yell[ precipitate4 ,! sc>city ( ! metal precludes _! pres5t introduction z pigm5ts1 b if ! *romates ( ?allium 7 f\nd to resi/ ! action ( light & air1 & n to become gre5 by deoxidation ( ! *romic acid1 !y might possibly prove fitt$ = ! palette4 ,x is a "q :e!r _! v slight solubility 9 wat] w\ld be a fatal objection2 &1 al?\gh !y w\ld be liable to suff] f a f\l atmosph]e1 we are incl9$ to ?9k ! effects w\ld n be s la/+ z 9 ! *romates ( lead4 ,l lead sulphide1 ! sulphide ( ?allium ranges f br[n to br[ni%-black1 or grey-black2 &1 l x too1 is subject to oxidation & consequ5t conv]sion into col\rless sulphate4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 mu* m readily oxidiz$ ?an sulphate ( lead2 & h5ce ! ?allium *romates w\ld d\btless soon rega9 _! =m] hue on exposure to a /rong light4 ,mr4 ,crookes1 :o discov]$ ?is new metal 9 #ahfa1 believes t ! deep orange %ade obs]vable 9 "s specim5s ( sulphide ( cadmium is due to ! pres5ce ( ?allium4 ,he has frequ5tly f\nd x1 he says1 9 ! d>k-col\r$ v>ieties1 & consid]s ! v>iations ( col\r 9 cadmium sulphide to be ow+ to traces ( ?allium4 ,t ?allium affects ! col\r is mo/ probable1 b x is n necess>ily ! cause ( ! orange hue4 ,! t9t ( cadmium sulphide is a m]e matt] ( manufacture1 see+ t f ! same sample ( metal !re c be obta9$ lemon-yell[1 pale yell[1 deep yell[1 orange-yell[1 & orange-r$4 ,) def]5ce to ! op9ion ( a *emi/ s di/+ui%$1 we hold t ?allium r impairs ! beauty ( cadmium sulphide ?an imp>ts to x an orange %ade1 ! ?allium be+ likewise 9 ! =m ( sulphide1 & !re=e m or less black4 ,on *romate ( cadmium1 made ) bi*romate ( pota%1 ?allium w\ld naturally conf] an orange hue4 #agc4 ,uranium ,orange is obta9able by wet & dry me?ods z a yell[i%-r$1 or1 :5 r$uc$ to p[d]1 an orange-yell[1 uranate ( b>yta4 ,x is an exp5sive prep>ation1 sup]flu\s z a pigm5t4 #agd4 ,z9c ,orange4 ,:5 hydro*loric acid & z9c are made to act on nitro-prusside ( sodium1 a correspond+ z9c comp\nd is =m$ ( a deep orange col\r1 slightly soluble 9 wat]1 & n p]man5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= a second>y col\r1 orange is well repres5t$ on ! mod]n palette1 & c po9t to "s pigm5ts z good & durable z any to be f\nd among ! prim>ies4 ,burnt ,si5na1 cadmium orange1 ,m>s orange1 neutral orange1 & orange or burnt ,roman o*re1 are all /rictly p]man5t4 ,! s-call$ orange v]milions 71 x w be rememb]$1 class$ among ! r$s4 ,z semi-/able1 mu/ be rank$ *rome orange2 & z fugitive1 ,*9ese orange1 orange orpim5t1 & orange lead4 ,f ! =ego+ division1 ! pr$om9ance ( eligible orange pigm5ts ov] ^? less tru/wor?y is manife/4 ,un=tunately1 ) _m pa9t]s x is n s manife/ t _! second>y & comp\nd col\rs %\ld receive z mu* att5tion z ! prim>ies1 & t x is _! duty1 n only to ! art :i* !y practice1 b to ! patrons = :om !y practice x1 t _! orange & gre5 & purple hues1 %\ld be z durable z _! yell[s1 r$s1 & blues4 ,= su*1 ! introduction ( a new p]man5t pigm5t is ( little int]e/1 unless its col\r be prim>y2 s w$d$ are !y to t passion = comp\nd+ :i* ! *emi/ views ) dismay4 ,) dismay1 because he kn[s t ! rules ( mixture are sev]e1 & _c ) impunity be alt]$2 t1 al?\gh disguis$ 9 oil or gum1 ea* pigm5t is a *emical comp\nd1 ) m or less ( aff9ity & p[]1 m or less likely to act or be act$ ^u4 ,because he kn[s t1 except ) ! mo/ exp]i5c$ arti/s1 comp\nd+ leads to confusion2 & t 9 x ! temptations to use semi-/able or fugitive col\rs are /rong4 ,look at ^? tables ( mix$ t9ts ( :i* arti/-au?ors are s fond1 & tell u :e!r !y always be> scrut9y--surely n4 ,admirable1 p]fect z ^! t9ts may be 9 an arti/ic s5se1 h[ (t5 is _! beauty l ! hectic flu% ( consumption1 :i* c>ries ) x ! se$s ( a c]ta9 dea?4 ,w t orange :]e ,indian yell[ figures ev] see old age1 or t gre5 ) indigo1 or purple ) co*9eal lake8 ,w !y n r spread ov] ! picture ! ,upas-tree ( fugacity1 & kill x z !y die !mselves6 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,on ,,! ,,second>y1 ,,gre54 ,gre51 :i* occupies ! middle /ation 9 ! natural scale ( col\rs & 9 relation to light & %ade1 is ! second ( ! second>y col\rs4 ,x is compos$ ( ! extreme prim>ies1 yell[ & blue1 & is mo/ p]fect 9 hue :5 con/itut$ 9 ! proportions ( ?ree ( yell[ to eight ( blue ( equal int5sities2 because su* a gre5 w exactly neutralize & contra/ a p]fect r$ 9 ! ratio ( elev5 to five1 ei!r ( space or p[]4 ,( all comp\nd col\rs1 gre5 is ! mo/ effective1 di/9ct1 & /rik+1 caus+ surprise & delight :5 fir/ produc$ by a mixture ( blue & yell[1 s dissimil> to its con/itu5ts does x appe> to ! untutor$ eye4 ,comp\nd$ ) orange1 gre5 conv]ts x into ! "o extreme t]ti>y citr9e2 :ile mix$ ) purple1 x becomes ! o!r extreme t]ti>y olive3 h5ce its relations & accordances are m g5]al1 & its contra/s m agreeable ) all col\rs1 ?an ^? ( any o!r individual col\r4 ,accord+ly x has be5 adopt$ v wisely 9 nature z ! common g>b ( ! vegetal creation4 ,x is1 inde$1 9 e respect a c5tral or m$ial col\r1 be+ ! contra/1 comp5satory 9 ! proportion ( elev5 to five1 ( ! middle prim>y r$1 on ! "o h&1 & ( ! middle t]ti>y russet1 on ! o!r2 :ile1 unlike ! o!r second>ies1 all its hues1 :e!r t5d+ to blue or yell[1 are ( ! same d5om9ation4 ,^! attributes ( gre51 :i* r5d] x s univ]sally effective 9 contra/+ col\rs1 cause x also to become ! lea/ useful 9 comp\nd+ !m1 & ! mo/ apt to defile o!r col\rs 9 mixture4 ,nev]!less x =ms valuable semi-neutrals ( ! olive class ) black1 = ( su* subdu$ tones are ^? gre5s by :i* ! m vivid t9ts ( nature are oppos$4 ,accord+ly1 ! v>i\s gre5s ( foliage are always m or less semi-neutral 9 hue4 ,z gre5 is ! mo/ g5]al col\r ( vegetal nature & pr9cipal 9 foliage2 s r$1 its h>moniz+ col\r1 ) comp\nds ( r$1 is mo/ g5]al & pr9cipal 9 fl[]s4 ,purple fl[]s are commonly contra/$ ) c5tres or v>iegations ( bright yell[1 z blue fl[]s are ) l reliev+s ( orange2 & !re is a prevail+ hue1 or "*1 9 ! gre5 col\r ( ! foliage ( almo/ e plant1 by :i* x is h>moniz$ ) ! col\rs ( its fl[]s4 ,! *ief discord ( gre5 is blue2 & :5 !y approximate or accompany ea* o!r1 !y require to be resolv$ by ! opposition ( w>m col\rs4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ! w>m? ( di/ance & ! horizon reconciles ! azure ( ! sky ) ! gre5ness ( a l&scape4 ,its less p[]ful discord is yell[1 :i* ne$s to be simil>ly resolv$ by a purple-r$1 or its pr9ciples4 ,9 tone1 gre5 is cool or w>m1 s$ate or gay1 ei!r z x incl9es to blue or to yell[2 yet 9 its g5]al effects x is cool1 calm1 temp]ate1 & refre%+4 ,hav+ little p[] 9 reflect+ light1 x is a retir+ col\r1 & readily subdu$ by di/ance3 = ! same reason1 x excites ! ret9a less ?an mo/ col\rs1 & is cool & grateful to ! eye4 ,z a col\r individually1 gre5 is em95tly beautiful & agreeable1 b x is m p>ticul>ly s :5 contra/$ by its comp5sat+ col\r1 r$1 z x (t5 is 9 nature1 ev5 9 ! gre5 leaves & "y %oots ( plants & trees4 ,! autumn only is call$ ! pa9t]'s season1 rem>ks ,con/able1 f ! great ri*ness ( ! col\rs ( ! dead & decay+ foliage1 & ! peculi> tone & beauty ( ! skies2 b ! spr+ has1 p]haps1 m ?an an equal claim to 8 notice & admiration1 & f causes n :olly dissimil>1--! great v>iety ( t9ts & col\rs ( ! liv+ foliage1 accompani$ by _! fl[]s & blossoms4 ,! beautiful & t5d] hues ( ! "y leaves & buds are r5d]$ m lovely by be+ contra/$1 z !y n[ are1 ) ! sob] russet br[ns ( ! /ems f :i* !y %oot1 & :i* /ill %[ ! dre> rema9s ( ! season t is pa/4 ,! numb] ( pigm5ts ( any col\r is 9 g5]al proportion$ to its importance2 h5ce ! v>iety ( gre5s is v great1 ?\gh ! classes ( ^? 9 common use are n v num]\s4 ,( ! ?ree second>ies1 gre5 is ! col\r mo/ (t5 met )1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! mo/ (t5 comp\nd$3 = ?is la/ reason1 p]haps1 ! palette is some:at defici5t 9 really good orig9al gre5s--m defici5t ?an !re is any necessity =4 ,,*rome ,,oxides4 ,by num]\s me?ods bo? wet & dry1 oxides ( *romium are obta9able pale & deep1 bright & subdu$1 w>m & cool1 opaque & transp>5t3 sometimes hydrat$1 9 :i* case !y _c be employ$ 9 enamell+2 & sometimes anhydr\s1 :5 !y are admissible !re94 ,b :atev] _! prop]ties may be1 *emical1 physical1 or arti/ic1 !y are all /rictly /able4 ,nei!r giv+ nor receiv+ injury by admixture1 equally unaffect$ by f\l gas & exposure to light1 air1 or damp1 ^! oxides are p]fectly unexceptionable 9 e respect4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y are eligible 9 wat] & oil1 dry+ well 9 ! latt] vehicle1 & requir+ 9 ! =m] mu* gum4 ,!y h long be5 kn[n z af=d+ pure1 natural1 & durable t9ts2 b1 until )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 h be5 r f9e ?an brilliant gre5s4 ,lately1 h[ev]1 processes h be5 devis$1 yield+ !m almo/ z bright1 ri*1 & transp>5t1 z ! c>m9e ( co*9eal itself4 #age4 ,,oxide ,,( ,,*romium1 ,opaque ,oxide ( ,*romium1 ,gre5 ,oxide ( ,*romium1 ,*rome ,oxide1 ,true ,*rome ,gre51 ,native ,gre51 c41 is f\nd native 9 an impure /ate z ,*rome ,o*re1 b is always artificially prep>$ = arti/ic use4 ,obta9$ anhydr\s by dry modes1 ?is is ! only *rome oxide available 9 enamell+1 & is ! "o se5 on sup]ior porcela94 ,x is a cold1 sob] sage gre51 deep-ton$1 opaque1 &1 al?\gh dull1 agreeable to ! eye4 ,its t9ts ) :ite are peculi>ly delicate & pleas+1 possess+ a silv]y lum9\s quality1 & giv+ ! effect ( atmosph]e4 ,be+ v d5se & p[]ful1 x mu/ be employ$ ) c>e to avoid heav9ess1 & is pref]ably dilut$ ) a l>ge quantity ( :ite1 or comp\nd$ ) transp>5t yell[4 ,9 ! h&s ( a ma/]1 ?is gray-gre5 furni%es lu/r\s hues ) br[n p9k1 ,italian p9k1 & ,indian yell[2 ?ree beautiful b fugitive pigm5ts1 ( :i* ! two la/ may be replac$ by aureol94 ,( ?is ,mr4 ,p5ley obs]ves1 z adapt$ = ! col\r+ ( foliage & h]bage1 x is impossible to say too mu* 9 its praise4 ,x imp>ts ! vividness & fre%ness ( nature to e col\r ) :i* x is comb9$2 & he brackets oxide ( *romium ) aureol9 z a comp\nd hue extremely useful4 ,9 flat t9ts1 ! oxide sometimes does n wa% well 9 wat]4 #agf4 ,,transp>5t ,,oxide ,,( ,,*romium be+ defici5t 9 body1 is only eligible 9 oil4 ,a v pale greyi%-:ite gre5 9 p[d]1 x gives an agreeable yell[i% gre5 ( "s dep? 9 oil1 mod]ately bright1 b n v pure or cle>4 ,we are acqua9t$ ) ano!r transp>5t *rome oxide ( f> great] beauty1 brightness1 purity1 & cle>ness ?an ! above4 ,( a blui% gre5 hue1 a difficulty 9 gett+ x to mix ) oil r5d]s x at pres5t unavailable4 #agg4 ,,v]onese ,,gre51 or ,fr5* ,v]onese ,gre51 is a comp>atively rec5t introduction1 simil> 9 col\r & g5]al prop]ties to ! foll[+2 beside :i*1 h[ev]1 x appe>s dull1 muddy1 & impure4 ,x is (t5 adult]at$ ) ars5ic to an enorm\s ext5t1 :i* int]f]es ) its transp>5cy1 m>s its beauty1 & r5d]s x ( c\rse rankly poison\s4 #agh4 ,,viridian is a /ill lat] addition to ! palette1 & ! only p]man5t gre5 :i* c be describ$ z gorge\s1 be+ n unlike ! ri*e/ velvet4 ,pure & cle> z ! em]ald1 x may be call$ ! ,prussian ,blue ( ,gre5s1 ( su* ri*ness1 dep?1 & transp>5cy is x4 ,9 hue ( a blui%-gre51 its deepe/ %ades v]ge on black1 :ile its light t9ts are m>k$ by transp>5t cle>ness unsurpass$4 ,no comp\nd ( blue & yell[ w af=d a gre5 at once s beautiful & /able1 s gift$ ) ! quality ( light1 & !re=e s suit$ = a]ial & liquid effects4 ,us$ ) aureol91 x gives foliage gre5s sp>kl+ ) sun%9e2 &1 fitly comp\nd$1 w be f\nd invaluable = ! glassy liquidity ( seas1 9 pa9t+ :i* x becomes incumb5t to employ pigm5ts m or less transp>5t4 ,! g5]al fail+ 9 ! repres5tation ( ! sea is1 t in/ead ( appe>+ liquid & ?91 x is made to be> ! semblance ( opacity & solidity4 ,9 ord] to convey ! idea ( transp>5cy1 "s object is (t5 plac$ float+ on ! wave1 s z to give reflection2 & x is /range t we f9d our greate/ m5 hav+ rec\rse to ?is /ratagem4 ,to say x is n true 9 all cases1 is say+ too mu*2 b ?is we d ass]t1 t z a g5]al pr9ciple x is q false1 & we prove x 9 ?is way3 wat] has its motion1 m or less1 f ! p[] ( ! w9d2 x is act$ ^u 9 ! mass1 & ?us divid$ into sep>ate waves1 & ^! individually h _! surface ruffl$1 :i* r5d]s !m incapable ( receiv+ reflection4 ,! exception to ?is w be1 :]e ! heav+ ( ! sea is ! result ( "s gone-by /orm1 :5 ! w9d is hu%$1 & ! surface becomes bright & glassy4 ,9 ?is /ate1 reflections are di/9ctly se54 ,ano!r exception w be 9 ! holl[ portion ( ! waves1 z !y curl ov]1 & da% ^u ! %ore4 ,z viridian1 l ! sea1 is naturally liquid & ?91 bright & glassy1 ! extract we h quot$ f ,mr4 ,p5ley1 po9ts to ?is gre5 z a pigm5t peculi>ly adapt$ = m>9e pa9t+2 9 :i*1 x may be add$1 its p]fect p]man5ce & transp>5cy w be appreciat$ 9 glaz+4 ,its fitness = foliage has be5 rem>k$2 b 9 drap]ies ! col\r w prove equally useful1 & 9 illum9ation w be f\nd unrivall$4 ,9 ! la/ bran* ( art1 inde$1 viridian /&s alone1 n only ?r\gh its s(t ri* brilliancy1 b by ! gl[+ contra/ x pres5ts ) o!r col\rs3 employ$ z a gr\nd1 x ?r[s up ! r$s1 c41 oppos$ to x1 9 a m>vell\s mann]4 ,l ! ?ree prec$+ oxides ( *romium1 viridian nei!r injures nor is injur$ by o!r pigm5ts2 is unaffect$ by light1 damp1 or impure air2 & is admissible 9 fresco4 ,9 enamell+ x _c be us$2 ! col\r1 dep5d+ on ! wat] ( hydration1 be+ de/roy$ by a /rong heat4 ,,copp] ,,gre5s are comm]cially kn[n z ,em]ald ,gre51 ,mala*ite ,gre51 ,s*eele's ,gre51 ,s*we9furt ,gre51 ,v]digris1 ,gre5 ,bice1 ,gre5 ,v]dit]1 ,brunswick ,gre51 ,vi5na ,gre51 ,hung>y ,gre51 ,gre5 ,lake1 ,m9]al ,gre51 ,pat5t ,gre51 ,m\nta9 ,gre51 ,m>9e ,gre51 ,saxon ,gre51 ,fr5* ,gre51 ,african ,gre51 ,p]sian ,gre51 ,sw$i% ,gre51 ,olympian ,gre51 ,imp]ial ,gre51 ,mitis ,gre51 ,pickle ,gre51 c4 ,! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ^! gre5s are brightness ( col\r1 well suit$ to ! purposes ( h\se-pa9t+1 b seldom adapt$ to ! mode/y ( nature 9 f9e art2 consid]able p]man5ce1 except :5 expos$ to ! action ( damp & impure air1 :i* ultimately black5 mo/ ( !m2 & good body4 ,!y h a t5d5cy to d>k5 by "t1 dry well z a rule 9 oil1 & are all m or less poison\s1 ev5 ^? n conta9+ ars5ic4 #agi4 ,,em]ald ,,gre51 ,s*we9furt ,gre51 ,vi5na ,gre51 ,imp]ial ,gre51 ,brunswick ,gre51 ,mitis ,gre51 c41 is a cupric aceto-ars5ite1 prep>$ on ! l>ge scale by mix+ ars5i\s acid ) acetate ( copp] & wat]4 ,x diff]s f ,s*eele's ,gre51 or cupric ars5ite1 9 be+ light]1 m vivid1 & m opaque4 ,p[]fully reflective ( light1 x is p]haps ! mo/ durable pigm5t ( its class1 n s5sibly affect$ by damp nor by t am\nt ( impure air to :i* pictures are usually subject3 inde$ x may be rank$ z p]man5t bo? 9 itself & :5 9 t9t ) :ite4 ,x works bett] 9 wat] ?an 9 oil1 9 :i* latt] vehicle x dries ) difficulty4 ,be>+ ! same relation to gre5s g5]ally z ,pure ,sc>let be>s to r$s1 its vivid hue is almo/ beyond ! scale ( o!r bright pigm5ts1 & imm$iately attracts ! eye to any "p ( a pa9t+ 9 :i* x may be employ$4 ,too viol5t 9 col\r to be ( mu* s]vice1 x has ! effect1 :5 prop]ly plac$1 ( ton+ d[n at once1 by =ce ( contra/1 all ! o!r gre5s 9 a picture4 ,if discreetly us$1 x is occasionally ( value 9 ! drap]y ( a =egr\nd figure1 :]e a bright gre5 may be dem&$2 or 9 a t\* on a gaily pa9t$ boat or b>ge4 ,:5 requir$1 no mixture w s]ve z a sub/itute4 ,comp\nd$ ) aureol91 x becomes s(t5$ & semi-transp>5t1 yield+ spr+ t9ts ( extreme brilliancy & beauty4 #ahj4 ,,s*eele',s ,,gre51 or ,sw$i% ,gre51 resembles ! prec$+ v>iety 9 be+ a comp\nd ( copp] & ars5ic1 & !re=e rankly poison\s2 b diff]s f x 9 conta9+ no acetic acid1 9 possess+ less opacity1 & 9 hav+ a d>k] %ade4 ,x is a cupric ars5ite1 ) ! common attributes ( em]ald gre51 "u :i* "n x is sometimes sold4 ,( simil> /ability1 x mu/ n be employ$ ) ! true ,naples yell[ or antimoniate ( lead1 by :i* x is soon de/roy$4 ,^u ! lavi% use ( ?is dang]\s pigm5t 9 col\r+ toys1 dresses1 pap]-hang+s1 artificial leaves1 & ev5 *eap confection]y1 x is n our prov9ce to enl>ge3 ! con/ant-recurr+ diseases & dea?s1 :i*1 directly or indirectly1 result f ! employm5t ( ars5ical pigm5ts1 are su* e-day facts t !y are m]ely deplor$ & =gott54 ,) ars5ic on our heads1 our clo!s1 our pap]s1 our sweets1 our *ildr5's play?+s1 we are s accu/om$ to live--& die--9 a _w ( poison1 t famili>ity ) x has br$ contempt4 ,into ! fatal popul>ity1 !re=e1 ( ars5ical col\rs = decorative purposes1 we %all n fur!r ent]2 b x behoves u to deprecate _! pres5ce1 & ! pres5ce ( all poison\s pigm5ts1 9 col\r-boxes = ! "y4 ,x is "o ( ! pleasures ( *ildhood to suck any?+ attractive t comes 9 its way1 op5ly if all[$1 furtively o!rwise3 & z 9 e>ly life we h a pref]5ce = brilliancy1 s vivid a pigm5t z ,s*eele's gre5 is an object ( special att5tion4 ,arti/ically1 x matt]s little :e!r a pigm5t is noxi\s or n1 b we hold t poison %\ld n be put into ! h&s ( ! "y2 & inde$ are ( op9ion t a box ( col\rs is ab\t ! wor/ pres5t a *ild c receive4 #aha4 ,,mala*ite ,,gre51 or ,m\nta9 ,gre51 is met ) 9 ,cumb]l&1 & is also f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,k]nhaus51 :5ce x is sometimes call$ ,hung>y ,gre54 ,x is prep>$ f mala*ite1 a beautiful copp] ore employ$ by jewell]s1 & is a hydrat$ dic>bonate ( copp]1 comb9$ ) a :ite e>?1 & (t5 /riat$ ) ve9s ( m\nta9 blue1 to :i* x be>s ! same relation t gre5 v]dit] be>s to blue v]dit]4 ,! col\r1 :i* may be extract$ f ! /one by ! process foll[$ = native ultram>9e1 v>ies f em]ald-gre5 to grass-gre51 & incl9es to grey4 ,x has be5 held 9 great e/eem by "s1 & consid]$ /rictly /able1 on ! assumption1 probably1 t a pigm5t obta9$ f a /one l ultram>9e1 & by ! same me?od1 c\ld n be o!rwise ?an p]man5t4 ,t x is s1 ) respect to light & air1 !re is no d5y+2 b ! gre51 :5 sep>at$ f ! ore & purifi$ = arti/ic use1 is m]ely a c>bonate ( copp]1 & !re=e subject to ! influ5ce ( damp & impure air1 9 common ) o!r non-ars5ical copp] col\rs4 ,z a pigm5t1 native mala*ite gre5 has ! same composition1 or v ne>ly ! same1 z t :i* c be artificially produc$1 & answ]s to ! same te/s4 ,wat]-rubs ( ! two v>ieties :i* we expos$ to an atmosph]e ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 became equally black5$ by ! gas4 ,practically1 !re is little or no diff]5ce betwe5 !m3 bo? pres]ve _! col\r if kept f damp & f\l air1 bo? are injur$ by ^? ag5ts1 & bo? are liable to d>k5 9 "t1 especially :5 seclud$ f light4 ,! artificial1 h[ev]1 c be obta9$ ( a mu* f9] col\r ?an ! natural1 :i* x may be made to resemble by admixture ) m9]al gray4 ,on ! :ole1 !y c sc>cely be recomm5d$ = ! palette1 & are c]ta9ly inf]ior 9 durability to ,s*eele's & ,s*we9furt gre5s4 ,9 fresco pa9t+ !y h be5 pron\nc$ admissible2 b1 ap>t f ! "q ( damp1 we %\ld deem ! conjunction ( lime ) c>bonate ( copp] n fav\rable to p]man5ce4 ,by ! action ( alkalies1 ev5 ! native gre5 mala*ite may be conv]t$ into blue2 & x becomes a "q :e!r ! d+y gre5i%-blue on "s anci5t monum5ts 0 n orig9ally mala*ite gre54 #ahb4 ,,v]digris1 or ,viride ris1 is ( two k9ds1 common or impure1 & cry/alliz$ or ,di/ill$ ,v]digris1 or1 m prop]ly1 ref9$ v]digris4 ,! be/ is made at ,montpelli] 9 ,france1 & is a sub-acetate ( copp] ( a bright gre5 col\r incl9+ to blue4 ,! lea/ durable ( ! copp] gre5s1 x soon fades z a wat]-col\r by ! action ( light1 c41 & becomes fir/ :ite & ultimately black by damp & f\l gas4 ,9 oil1 v]digris is p]man5t ) respect to light & air1 b moi/ure & an impure atmosph]e *ange its col\r1 & cause x to effloresce or rise to ! surface ?r\gh ! oil4 ,x dries rapidly1 & is exceptionally useful ) o!r gre5s or v d>k col\rs4 ,9 v>ni% x /&s bett]2 b _c be consid]$ safe or eligible1 ei!r alone or comp\nd$4 ,v9eg> dissolves x1 =m+ a solution us$ = t9t+ maps1 & =m]ly mu* employ$ = col\r+ pickles1 c4 ,! pa9t]s1 :o liv$ at ! "t :5 ! arts 7 re/or$ 9 ,italy1 us$ ?is pigm5t2 & ! bright gre5s se5 9 "s old pictures are made by glaz+s ( v]digris4 ,x is (t5 l>gely adult]at$ ) *alk & sulphate ( copp]4 #ahc4 ,,mix$ ,,gre5 ,gre51 be+ a comp\nd ( blue & yell[1 may be got by comb9+ ^? col\rs 9 ! sev]al ways ( work+--by mix+1 glaz+1 hat*+1 or o!rwise bl5d+ !m 9 ! proportions ( ! v>i\s hues requir$4 ,to obta9 a pure gre51 :i* consi/s ( blue & yell[ only1 a blue %\ld be *os5 t+$ ) yell[ r ?an ) r$1 & a yell[ t+$ ) blue4 ,if ei!r a blue or a yell[ 7 tak51 t+$ ) r$1 ?is latt] col\r w\ld g to produce "s grey 9 ! comp\nd1 :i* w\ld t>ni% ! gre54 ,! f9e nature-l gre5s1 :i* h la/$ s well 9 "s ( ! pictures ( ! ,italian s*ools1 appe> to h be5 comp\nd$ ( ultram>9e1 or ultram>9e a%es & yell[4 ,:atev] pigm5ts are employ$ on a pa9t+ 9 ! w>m yell[ hues ( ! =egr\nd1 & blue col\r+ ( ! di/ance & sky1 are advantage\s = =m+ ! gre5s 9 l&scape1 c41 because !y h>monize bett] bo? 9 col\r+ & *emically1 & imp>t homog5eity to ! :ole3 a pr9ciple conducive to a f9e tone & durability ( effect1 & applicable to all mix$ t9ts4 ,9 comp\nd+ col\rs1 x is desirable n only t !y %\ld agree *emically1 b t !y %\ld h1 z f> z possible1 ! same degree ( durability4 ,9 ^! respects1 aureol9 & ultram>9e1 gamboge & ,prussian blue1 ,indian yell[ & indigo1 are all judici\s mixtures1 al?\gh n all to be recomm5d$4 ,,p]man5t ,,yell[s4 ,,p]man5t ,,blues4 ,aureol94 ,c]ulian ,blue4 ,cadmium ,yell[1 pale4 ,cobalt ,blue4 ,cadmium ,yell[1 deep4 ,g5u9e ,ultram>9e4 ,lemon ,yell[4 ,brilliant ,ultram>9e4 ,m>s ,yell[4 ,fr5* ,ultram>9e4 ,naples ,yell[1 mod]n4 ,new ,blue4 ,o*res4 ,p]man5t ,blue4 ,ori5t ,yell[4 ,raw ,si5na4 ,! =ego+ yell[s & blues are 9 no wise inimical to ea* o!r1 & yield ! be/ mix$ gre5s1 *emically consid]$1 ! palette c af=d4 ,9 an arti/ic s5se1 we confess1 ! result is n s satisfactory3 ! li/ ( blues1 x mu/ be admitt$1 be+ some:at scant4 ,among ! latt] !re is no pigm5t ) ! wond]ful dep?1 ri*ness1 & transp>5cy ( ,prussian blue1 & none consequ5tly :i* w furni% ) yell[ a gre5 ( simil> quality4 ,t ! arti/1 !re=e1 w disp5se ) ,prussian blue1 x w\ld be too mu* to expect4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 less necessity = x s9ce ! introduction ( viridian1 a gre5 resembl+ t :i* is produc$ by admixture ( ,prussian blue & yell[1 & :i* may be v>i$ 9 hue by be+ comp\nd$ ) aureol9 or ultram>9e4 ,our object 9 ?is "w is to give prec$5ce to ! *emical r ?an ! arti/ic prop]ties ( pigm5ts1 to sep>ate ! /rictly /able f ! semi-/able1 & ! semi-/able f ! fugitive4 ,a col\r or a mixture may be *emically bad b arti/ically good1 & vice v]s2 b ! *emi/ looks ^u no pigm5t or comp\nd ) fav\r unless x be p]fectly p]man5t1 & ignores its m]e beauty :5 void ( durability4 ,h5ce1 all arti/ic consid]ations are set aside 9 our li/s ( p]man5t pigm5ts3 if x be possible to use !m alone1 s mu* ! bett] = ! p]man5ce ( pa9t+2 if n1 s mu* ! worse w x be1 accord+ to ! degree ( fugacity ( ! col\rs employ$4 #ahd4 ,,bronze1 & ! ?ree succe$+ v>ieties1 are gre5s resembl+ ea* o!r 9 be+ semi-/able1 & m or less transp>5t4 ,bronze is a species ( ,prussian gre51 ( a dull blue-black hue4 ,9 its deep wa%es x appe>s a gre5i%-black ) a copp]y ca/4 ,x is us$ 9 ornam5tal "w1 & sometimes z a backgr\nd t9t = fl[] pieces4 #ahe4 ,,*rome ,,gre5s1 commonly s call$1 are comp\nds ( *romate ( lead & ,prussian blue1 a mixture :i* is also kn[n z ,brunswick ,gre54 ,f9e bright gre5s1 !y are suit$ to ! ord9>y purposes ( me*anic pa9t+1 b are q unfit = ! arti/'s craft1 *rome yell[ react+ ^u & ultimately de/roy+ ,prussian blue :5 mix$ !re)4 ,= ! latt]1 *eap cobalts & ultram>9es are pref]ably sub/itut$1 al?\gh !y d n yield gre5s ( l p[] & int5sity4 ,"u ! names ( ,engli% ,gre51 ,gre5 ,c9nab>1 c41 'new' gre5 pigm5ts h be5 f "t to "t introduc$1 :i* h turn$ out mixtures ( ,prussian blue & *romate ( lead2 n made1 h[ev]1 by comp\nd+ ! two1 b directly by processes simil> to ! foll[+3--,a mix$ solution ( ! acetates ( lead & iron is add$ to a mix$ solution ( ! yell[ prussiate & *romate ( pota%1 ! necess>y acetate ( iron be+ obta9$ by precipitat+ a solution ( acetate ( lead by sulphate ( iron1 & filt]+ ! sup]natant liquid4 ,or2 to a solution ( ,prussian blue 9 oxalic acid1 fir/ *romate ( pota% is add$1 & !n acetate ( lead4 ,by ! la/ process1 sup]ior & m p]man5t *rome gre5s may be produc$1 free f lead1 by us+ *loride ( b>ium or nitrate ( bismu? 9 place ( ! acetate ( lead4 ,*romate ( b>yta1 or *romate ( bismu? is !n =m$1 nei!r ( :i* acts on ! ,prussian blue4 ,x %\ld be add$ t :]e ! latt] pigm5t is pres5t1 no gre5 w s]ve = pa9t+ walls conta9+ lime1 z its action alt]s ! t9t ( ! ,prussian blue4 #ahf4 ,,hook]',s ,,gre5 is a comp\nd ( ,prussian blue & gamboge1 two pigm5ts possess+ a l degree ( /ability1 & p]fectly innocu\s to ea* o!r4 ,x is a mixture m durable & m transp>5t ?an *rome gre5s made ) *romate ( lead4 ,!re are two v>ieties 9 common use--,no4 #a1 a light grass gre51 9 :i* ! yell[ pr$om9ates2 & ,no4 #b1 a deep] & m p[]ful gre51 ) a l>g] am\nt ( blue4 #ahg4 ,,prussian ,,gre51 l ! prec$+1 is compos$ ( ,prussian blue & gamboge2 b conta9s a v great excess ( ! =m]1 & is !re=e a blui%-gre5 ( ! utmo/ dep? & transp>5cy1 v]g+ on black 9 its deep wa%es4 ,yell[ o*re may be employ$ in/ead ( gamboge1 b is n s eligible4 ,a true ,prussian gre51 :i* has be5 recomm5d$ z a pigm5t1 c be produc$ z a simple orig9al col\r1 ) a base :olly ( iron4 ,x is got by p>tially decompos+ ! yell[ oxalate ( protoxide ( iron ) r$ prussiate ( pota%4 ,we h made ?is gre5 & giv5 x a fair trial1 b our v]dict is decid$ly aga9/ x4 ,9 col\r x is f> f be+ equal to a good comp\nd ( ,prussian blue & gamboge1 & x assumes a dirty buff-yell[ on exposure to light & air1 ! film ( blue on ! oxalate m or less disappe>+4 ,ano!r ,prussian gre51 ) a base ( cobalt1 is obta9$ by precipitat+ ! nitrate ( t metal ) yell[ prussiate ( pota%4 ,accord+ to ! mode adopt$1 & ! degree ( heat1 ei!r a light or d>k gre5 results2 b ?is also is inf]ior 9 col\r1 & pres5ts no advantage z to p]man5ce4 #ahh4 ,,sap ,,gre51 ,v]de ,vessie1 or ,iris ,gre51 is a vegetal pigm5t prep>$ f ! juice ( ! b]ries ( ! buck?orn1 ! gre5 leaves ( ! woad1 ! blue fl[]s ( ! iris1 c4 ,x is usually pres]v$ 9 bladd]s1 & is !nce sometimes call$ ,bladd] ,gre54 ,:5 good1 x is ( a d>k col\r & glossy fracture1 extremely transp>5t1 & a f9e natural yell[i% gre54 ,?is gummy juice1 inspissat$ & =m$ into a cake1 is occasionally employ$ 9 fl[] pa9t+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v imp]fect pigm5t1 dispos$ to attract ! moi/ure ( ! atmosph]e1 & to mildew2 :ile1 hav+ little durability 9 wat] & less 9 oil1 x is n eligible 9 ! "o & is totally useless 9 ! o!r4 ,simil> pigm5ts1 obta9$ f c(fee-b]ries1 & nam$ ,v5etian & ,em]ald ,gre5s1 are ( a cold] col\r1 equally defective & fugitive1 & n[ obsolete4 #ahi4 ,,t]re ,,v]te1 or ,gre5 ,e>?1 is a sob] blui% gre5 ) a grey ca/4 ,x is a species ( o*re1 conta9+ silica1 oxide ( iron1 magnesia1 pota%1 & wat]4 ,n bright & ( little p[]1 x is a v durable pigm5t1 be+ unaffect$ by /rong light or impure air1 & comb9+ ) o!r col\rs )\t injury4 ,x has n mu* body1 is semi-transp>5t1 & dries well 9 oil4 ,ve9s ( br[ni% or r$di% o*re are (t5 f\nd mix$ ) t]re v]te1 to ! detrim5t ( its col\r2 & !re are v>ieties ( ?is pigm5t ) copp] = _! col\r+ matt]1 :i*1 al?\gh g5]ally bright]1 are inf]ior 9 o!r respects1 & n true t]re v]tes4 ,v]ona ,gre5 & ,v]detto or ,holy ,gre51 are f]rug9\s native pigm5ts ( a w>m] hue4 ,^! are met ) 9 ! ,m5dip ,hills1 ,france1 ,italy1 & ! isl& ( ,cyprus1 & h be5 us$ z pigm5ts f ! e>lie/ times4 ,rub5s has avail$ himself mu* ( t]re v]te1 n 9 8 l&scapes m]ely1 b likewise 9 ! c>nation t9ts 9 8 figures ( a dead ,*ri/4 ,x is evid5t t mu* ( ! glaz+ is done ) ?is col\r3 x is1 9 fact1 mo/ useful 9 glaz+2 because1 hav+ only a ?9 sub/ance1 x c be r5d]$ pale by a small portion ( :ite2 al?\gh 9 ! end x becomes d>k] by a conc5tration ( its molecules4 ,mrime /ates t 9 ! great] "p ( ,alex&] ,v]onese's works--9 8 ,dea? ( ,cleopatra1 9 ! ,l\vre1 = in/ance--!re are "s demi-t9ts :i* are too gre51 & :i* x is c]ta9 7 n s orig9ally4 ,t]re v]te1 !re=e1 mu/ be employ$ ) caution2 & x w\ld be well to asc]ta9 be=eh& :e!r a m9]al col\r w 9 "t become d>k] ?an :5 fir/ laid on ! picture1 by putt+ a drop ( oil on ! p[d] 9 its natural /ate4 ,if ! tone ?is gives to x be m int5se ?an t :i* x acquires by be+ gr\nd up1 x may fairly be assum$ t x w atta9 to ! same degree ( /r5g? :5ev]1 hav+ completely dri$1 its molecules %all h re-unit$ z closely z x is possible4 ,umb] & t]ra di ,si5na are ( ?is class4 ,9 comb9ation ) ,indian r$ & ,naples yell[1 t]re v]te =ms a s]ies ( mild russet gre5s1 ( mu* use 9 middle di/ance4 99 99 99 99 99 #aij4 ,*rome ,ars5iate is an agreeable apple-gre5 col\r1 prep>$ f ars5iate ( pota% & salts ( *romic oxide4 ,x is durable1 b possesses no advantages ov] ! *rome oxides1 & is ( c\rse poison\s4 #aia4 ,cobalt ,gre51 ,r9man's ,gre51 ,v]t de ,z9c or ,z9c ,gre54 ,true cobalt gre5 is made by ignit+ a v l>ge quantity ( c>bonate ( z9c ) a v small quantity ( c>bonate ( cobalt4 ,to give a gre5 t9t to an enorm\s proportion ( ! =m]1 an inappreciable am\nt ( ! latt] w suffice4 ,"s samples :i* 7 analys$1 consi/$ almo/ entirely ( z9c1 !re be+ only two or ?ree p] c5t4 ( cobalt pres5t4 ,?is gre5 pres5ts an example ( a pigm5t be+ *emically good & arti/ically bad1 or at lea/ indiff]5t4 ,x is a mod]ately bright gre51 apt to v>y 9 hue accord+ to ! mode ( manufacture1 p]man5t bo? alone & comp\nd$1 b s sadly defici5t 9 body & p[]1 z to h become almo/ obsolete4 ,) o!r physical defects1 & a col\r inf]ior to ! *rome oxides1 cobalt gre5 has nev] be5 a fav\rite ) arti/s1 ?\gh ju/ly eulogis$ by *emi/s4 #aib4 ,copp] ,borate is obta9$ by precipitat+ sulphate ( copp] ) borax1 wa%+ ! residue ) cold wat]1 &1 aft] dry+1 ignit+ x1 fusion be+ c>efully avoid$4 ,9 ?is mann]1 a pretty yell[i% gre5 is produc$1 :i* ^u long] ignition assumes a d>k gre5 %ade3 ! mass is levigat$ = use4 ,! comp\nd has ! objection ( be+ glassy1 & possess+ little body1 b is pref]able to v]digris z to p]man5ce4 #aic4 ,copp] ,*rome may be prep>$ by sev]al me?ods1 b ! col\r is 9 no case s f9e z ,s*eele's or ,s*we9furt gre51 nor is x z /able4 #aid4 ,copp] ,/annate1 or ,t9-,copp] ,gre51 equals 9 col\r any ( ! copp] gre5s free f ars5ic4 ,! *eape/ way ( mak+ x is to heat #ei p>ts ( t9 9 a ,hessian crucible ) #ajj p>ts nitrate ( soda1 & dissolve ! mass :5 cold 9 a cau/ic alkali4 ,to ! cle> solution1 dilut$ ) wat]1 a cold solution ( sulphate ( copp] is add$3 a r$di%-yell[ precipitate falls1 :i* on be+ wa%$ & dri$1 becomes a beautiful gre54 ,on ! palette x w\ld be sup]flu\s1 b = common purposes might be f\nd ( s]vice4 #aie4 ,elsn]'s ,gre5 is also a comb9ation ( t9 & copp]4 ,x is made by add+ to a solution ( sulphate ( copp] a decoction ( fu/ic1 previ\sly cl>ifi$ by a solution ( gelat9e4 ,to ?is mixture are add$ t5 or elev5 p] c5t4 ( proto*loride ( t91 & la/ly an excess ( cau/ic pota% or soda4 ,! precipitate is !n wa%$ & dri$1 :]eupon x takes a gre5 col\r t+$ ) blue1 b )\t ! brightness or durability ( ! prec$+ /annate4 #aif4 ,gre5 ,bice1 or ,gre5 ,v]dit]1 is ! same 9 sub/ance z blue v]dit]1 :i* is conv]t$ into gre5 v]dit] by boil+4 ,?is pigm5t is "o ( ! lea/ eligible ( copp] gre5s4 #aig4 ,gre5 ,o*re4 ,by p>tially decompos+ yell[ o*re ) prussiate ( pota%1 we h produc$ a f9e d>k blue-gre51 resembl+ ,prussian gre51 ( great dep? & transp>5cy4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 difficulties 9 ! process2 & ! results d n w>rant u 9 pron\nc+ ?is gre5 sup]ior or equal to a mixture ( ! o*re & ,prussian blue4 #aih4 ,gre5 ,ultram>9e is ,fr5* or artificial ultram>9e be=e ! f9al roa/+4 ,x is a some:at bright blui%-gre51 becom+ a dull gre5i%-blue on cont9u$ exposure4 ,*emically1 x is n a bad col\r2 b arti/s g5]ally h decid$ aga9/ x4 #aii4 ,manganese ,gre51 or ,cassel ,gre54 ,by sev]al me?ods1 manganate ( b>yta may be obta9$ ei!r z an em]ald-gre51 a blui%-gre51 or a pale gre54 ,! manganates1 h[ev]1 are decompos$ by contact ) organic matt]2 & h5ce ! gre5 w\ld be liable to suff] f ! vehicles employ$1 z well z by be+ comp\nd$ ) animal or vegetal pigm5ts4 #bjj4 ,m9]al ,gre5 is ! comm]cial "n ( ,gre5 ,lakes1 prep>$ f sulphate ( copp]4 ,^! v>y 9 hue & %ade1 h all ! prop]ties ( ! common non-ars5ical copp]-gre5s1 &1 n be+ subject to *ange ( col\r by oxyg5 & light1 /& ! wea!r well1 & are excell5t = ! use ( ! h\se-pa9t]1 c4 ,hav+ a t5d5cy to d>k5 & black5 by "t & f\l air1 !y are n eligible 9 ! nic] works ( f9e art4 ,ano!r ,m9]al ,gre5 adopt$ 9 ,g]many z a sub/itute = ! poison\s ,s*we9furt gre51 is compos$ ( *romate ( lead1 c>bonate ( copp]1 oxide ( iron1 & *alk4 ,valueless = ! palette1 x has n ! beauty ( ,s*we9furt gre51 b is recomm5d$ z be+ free f ars5ic4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 altoge!r h>mless1 & %\ld n be us$ 9 confection]y or ! l4 #bja4 ,molybd5um ,gre54 ,a cle> mala*ite gre5 col\r1 :5 dri$1 is produc$ f molybdate ( soda & pota%-*rome-alum1 or f ! molybdate & alum ) ammonia4 ,be+ m exp5sive ?an ! *rome oxides & n bett]1 its introduction1 = use by arti/s1 w\ld be att5d$ ) no advantage4 ,!re is likewise obta9able a copp] molybdate1 by add+ neutral molybdate ( soda 9 excess to sulphate ( copp]4 ,! precipitate is a v pale gre5 col\r1 floccul5t at fir/1 b cry/all9e aft] wa%+4 ,l ! *rome molybdate x w\ld be sup]flu\s z a pigm5t4 #bjb4 ,qu99e ,gre5 is r adapt$ = a dye ?an an arti/-col\r4 ,x is furni%$ by act+ on qu99e ) hypo*lorite ( lime1 hydro*loric acid1 & ammonia1 successively4 ,?us prep>$1 ! gre5 resembles a res91 insoluble 9 wat]1 b soluble 9 alcohol1 & turn$ blue by acetic acid4 ,its alcoholic solution dyes silk gre51 & also wooll5 & cotton :5 mordant$ ) album54 #bjc4 ,roman ,gre51 br\ght f ,rome "s ye>s back by a ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy1 appe>$ to be a mixture ( ,prussian blue & ,dut* or ,italian p9k4 ,x 0 a fugitive comp\nd1 :i* became blue 9 fad+4 #bjd4 ,silicate ( ,b>yta4 ,"o "p ( silica heat$ to :it5ess ) ?ree p>ts ( b>yta1 yields a pale gre5 solid mass1 p]man5t1 b defici5t 9 col\r :5 gr\nd4 ,x might be employ$ 9 enamell+4 #bje4 ,titanium ,gre5 has be5 propos$ z a sub/itute = ! gre5 ars5ical pigm5ts 9 common use2 b1 ap>t f its exp5se1 ! col\r is v inf]ior to ,s*eele's gre51 c4 ,titanium gre5 is a f]rocyanide ( t metal1 produc$ by add+ yell[ prussiate ( pota% to a solution ( titanic acid 9 dilute hydro*loric acid1 & heat+ ! mixture to ebullition rapidly4 ,! d>k gre5 precipitate is wa%$ ) wat] acidulat$ ) hydro*loric acid1 & dri$ ) great c>e1 s9ce x decomposes at temp]atures above #ajj4 #bjf4 ,uranium ,gre5 is an oxide ( a deep dull gre5 col\r1 incl9+ to olive1 & ne>ly black :5 9 lumps4 ,a durable b unattractive prep>ation1 equall$ 9 p]man5ce & f> surpass$ 9 beauty by _m *eap] comp\nds4 #bjg4 ,vanadium ,gre5 falls :5 f]rocyanide ( potassium is add$ to vanadic acid dissolv$ 9 a /rong acid4 ,x is a beautiful gre5 precipitate1 b at pres5t simply a curiosity1 ow+ to ! r>ity ( ! metal vanadium4 99 99 99 99 99 ,adopt+ our usual cu/om ( sep>at+ ! :eat f ! *aff1 we po9t to ! opaque & transp>5t oxides ( *romium1 ,v]onese gre51 viridian1 em]ald gre51 ,s*eele's gre51 & t]re v]te1 z m or less wor?y ( be+ dubb$ durable4 ,z semi-/able1 mala*ite gre51 bronze1 ,hook]'s gre51 & ,prussian gre51 mu/ be class$4 ,v]digris1 *rome gre5s1 & sap gre51 %\ld be br&$ z fugitive3 ! *rome gre5s1 because !y are always comm]cially compos$ ( *romate ( lead & ,prussian blue1 two comp\nds :i* are semi-/able 9 !mselves1 b become fugaci\s :5 comp\nd$4 ,a ref]5ce to ! numb]$ italicis$ gre5s w %[ t !re are _m n kn[n to ! palette1 :i* are nev]!less v greatly sup]ior1 z reg>ds p]man5ce1 to "s t disgrace x4 ,:y ^! latt] are suff]$ to hold _! position is a my/]y n easily expla9$3 x is h>d to reconcile ! deplor$ deg5]acy ( mod]n pigm5ts ) ! popul>ity ( semi-/able & fugitive col\rs4 ,pictures d n /&1 is ! common cry2 !re=e1 says ! public1 !re are no good pigm5ts n[-a-days4 ,to :i* we answ]1 newly built h\ses are con/antly fall+ d[n2 !re=e !re are no good bricks 9 ^! times4 ,( a tru?1 "o conclusion is z reasonable z ! o!r3 9 ei!r case1 if rott5 mat]ials be us$1 ! result _c be la/+2 b 9 nei!r case does x foll[1 because su* mat]ials are employ$1 t !re are no bett] obta9able4 ,a well-built h\se implies a consci5ti\s build]1 & a well-pa9t$ picture implies a consci5ti\s arti/4 ,x is because1 we fe>1 t !re are s few consci5ti\s arti/s1 t !re are s few p]man5t pa9t+s2 n1 c]ta9ly1 because !re are no good pigm5ts4 ,9 ?is la/ belief1 h[ev]1 ! public is enc\rag$ by c]ta9 pa9t]s1 :o seek !reby to excuse _! own %ortcom+s1 =gett+ t x is a bad workman :o f9ds fault ) 8 tools4 ,x has be5 well obs]v$ t :5 arti/s speak regrett+ly ( lo/ 'sy/ems1' or pigm5ts enjoy$ by ! m$ivali/s & unatta9able n[1 x w\ld be f> bett] 7 !y to make ! be/ use ( exi/+ mat]ials1 & /udy _! fur!r developm5t4 ,!re is no ne$ = ?is cant cry ( fugacity1 :i* ca/s su* a blight on mod]n art4 ,durable pigm5ts are n yet obsolete1 !y h only to be employ$ & employ$ prop]ly to furni% pa9t+s equal 9 p]man5ce to ^? ( ! old ma/]s4 ,titian1 says ,haydon1 got 8 col\rs f ! col\r %ops on ! ,rialto1 z we get ours f ,br[n's2 & if ,apelles or ,titian 7 liv+ n[1 !y w\ld pa9t j z good works ) our bru%es & col\rs z ) _! own4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,on ,,! ,,second>y1 ,,purple4 ,purple1 ! ?ird & la/ ( ! second>y col\rs1 is compos$ ( r$ & blue1 9 ! proportions ( five ( ! =m] to eight ( ! latt]2 proportions :i* con/itute a p]fect purple1 or "o ( su* a hue z w neutralize & be/ contra/ a p]fect yell[1 9 ! ratio ( ?irte5 to ?ree1 ei!r ( surface or int5sity4 ,:5 mix$ ) its co-second>y col\r1 gre51 purple =ms ! t]ti>y olive2 &1 :5 comp\nd$ ) ! rema9+ second>y1 orange1 x con/itutes 9 l mann] ! t]ti>y russet4 ,( ! ?ree second>y col\rs x is ! coole/1 z well z ! ne>e/ 9 relation to black or %ade2 9 :i* respect1 & 9 nev] be+ a w>m col\r1 x resembles blue4 ,9 o!r respects also1 purple p>takes ( ! prop]ties ( blue1 :i* is its ar*eus1 or rul+ col\r2 h5ce x is to ! eye a retir+ col\r1 t reflects light little1 & loses rapidly 9 p[] 9 a decl9+ light1 & accord+ to ! di/ance at :i* x is view$4 ,by reason ( its be+ ! mean betwe5 black & blue x becomes ! mo/ retir+ ( all positive col\rs4 ,nature employs ?is hue beautifully 9 l&scape1 z a sub-dom9ant1 9 h>moniz+ ! broad %ad[s ( a bright sun%9e ere ! light s9ks into deep orange or r$4 ,girt91 :o saw ,nature z %e is1 & pa9t$ :at he saw1 delight$ 9 ?is effect ( sunlight & %ad[4 ,z a rul+ col\r1 :e!r 9 fle% or o!rwise1 purple is commonly too cold1 or v]ges on gha/l9ess1 a fault :i* is to be z mu* avoid$ z ! opposite extreme ( vici\sness 9 col\r+1 /igmatiz$ z fox9ess4 ,yet1 next to gre51 purple is ! mo/ g5]ally pleas+ ( ! consonant col\rs2 & has be5 celebrat$ z a regal or imp]ial col\r1 z mu* p]haps f its r>ity 9 a pure /ate1 z f its individual beauty4 ,romulus wore x 9 8 trabea or royal mantle1 & ,tullus ,ho/ilius1 aft] hav+ subdu$ ! ,tuscans1 assum$ ! pretexta or long robe1 broadly /rip$ ) purple4 ,"u ! ,roman emp]ors1 x became ! peculi> emblem or symbol ( maje/y1 & ! we>+ ( x by any :o 7 n ( ! ,imp]ial family1 0 deem$ a treasonable usurpation1 puni%able by dea?4 ,at ! decl9e ( ! empire1 ! ,tyrian purple 0 an important article ( comm]ce1 & got to be common 9 ! clo?+ ( ! p4 ,pl9y says1 ,nepos ,cornelius1 :o di$ 9 ! reign ( ,augu/us ,cs>1 :5 ,i 0 a "y man1 assur$ me t ! light violet purple _h be5 =m]ly 9 great reque/1 & t a p\nd ( x usually fet*$ #ajj d5>ia 7ab\t #d /]l+73 t soon aft] ! t>5t9e or r$di% purple came into fa%ion2 & t ?is 0 foll[$ by ! ,tyrian dibapha1 :i* c\ld n be b\ght = less ?an #ajjj d5>ia 7ne>ly #dj /]l+7 ! p\nd2 :i* 0 its price :5 ,p4 ,l5tulus ,sp9t] 0 dile1 ,cic]o be+ !n ,consul4 ,b aft]w>ds1 ! d\ble-dy$ purple became less r>e1 c4 ,! ,tyrian purple allud$ to 0 obta9$ f ! purpur1 a species ( %ell-fi% adh]+ to rocks & l>ge /ones 9 ! sea adjo9+ ,tyre4 ,on acc\nt1 probably1 ( its extreme co/l9ess1 x 0 frequ5tly ! cu/om to dye ! clo? ) a gr\nd ( k]mes or alkanet1 previ\s to apply+ ! ,tyrian purple4 ,?is imp>t$ to ! latt] a crimson hue1 & expla9s d\btless ! t]m1 d\ble-dy$4 ,! ,greeks feign$ ! anci5t purple to be ! discov]y ( ,h]cules ,tyrius1 ^: dog1 eat+ by *ance ( ! fi% f :i* x 0 produc$1 return$ to him ) 8 m\? t+$ ) ! dye4 ,alex&] ! ,great is said to h f\nd 9 ! royal treasury1 at ! tak+ ( ,susa1 purple to ! enorm\s value ( #ejjj tal5ts1,a :i* _h la9 !re "o hundr$ & n9ety-two ye>s1 & /ill pres]v$ its fre%ness & beauty4 ,:5 incl9+ to r$1 purple takes ! "n ( crimson1 c42 & :5 lean+ to blue1 ! names ( violet1 lilac1 mauve1 c4 ,blue is a col\r :i* x s]ves to mell[1 or foll[s well into %ade4 ,! contra/ or h>moniz+ col\r ( purple is yell[ on ! side ( light & ! prim>ies2 :ile purple itself is ! h>moniz+ contra/ ( ! t]ti>y citr9e on ! side ( %ade1 & less p]fectly s ( ! semi-neutral br[n4 ,z ! extreme prim>ies1 blue & yell[1 :5 ei!r comp\nd$ or oppos$1 af=d1 ?\gh n ! mo/ p]fect h>mony1 yet ! mo/ pleas+ consonance ( ! prim>y col\rs2 s ! extremes1 purple & orange1 yield ! mo/ pleas+ ( ! second>y consonances4 ,?is analogy ext5ds likewise to ! extreme t]ti>y & semi-neutral col\rs1 :ile ! mean or middle col\rs furni% ! mo/ agreeable contra/s or h>monies4 ,9 nature pure purple is n a common col\r1 & on ! palette purple pigm5ts are s+ul>ly few4 ,!y lie "u a peculi> disadvantage z to app>5t durability & beauty ( col\r1 ow+ to ! neutraliz+ p[] ( yell[ness 9 ! gr\nds ^u :i* !y are laid2 z well z to ! g5]al w>m col\r ( light1 & ! yell[ t5d5cy ( almo/ all vehicles & v>ni%es1 by :i* ! col\r ( purple is subdu$4 #bjh4 ,,burnt ,,c>m9e is ! c>m9e ( co*9eal p>tially *>r$ till x resembles 9 col\r ! purple ( gold1 = :i*1 9 m9iature & wat]-pa9t+1 x is sub/itut$4 ,x is a magnific5t r$di% purple ( extreme ri*ness & dep?1 eligible 9 fl[]-pa9t+ & ! %ad[ ( drap]ies4 ,z x is g5]ally impossible1 h[ev]1 to alt] ! nature ( a pigm5t by m]ely *ang+ its col\r1 burnt c>m9e is sc>cely m p]man5t ?an ! c>m9e f :i* x is produc$4 ,if us$1 !re=e1 x %\ld be 9 body1 & n 9 ?9 wa%es or z a glaze4 ,durable pigm5ts are admissible 9 any =m2 b semi-/able pigm5ts 7gamboge except$7 %\ld only be employ$ 9 body4 #bji4 ,,burnt ,,lake holds ! same relation to crimson lake z burnt c>m9e to ord9>y c>m9e2 & is h5ce a weak] v>iety ( ! prec$+1 ) less ri*ness1 & likewise less p]man5ce4 #baj4 ,,indian ,,purple is prep>$ by precipitat+ an extract ( co*9eal ) sulphate ( copp]4 ,x is a v deep-ton$ b r cold & subdu$ purple1 nei!r s r$ nor s brilliant z burnt c>m9e2 & is *iefly ( s]vice 9 drap]ies4 ,x is apt to lose its purple col\r 9 a great measure on exposure to light & air1 & assume an inky blackness2 a defect :i* becomes less app>5t :5 ! pigm5t is us$ 9 bulk4 #baa4 ,,m>s ,,violet1 ,violet de ,m>s1 ,purple ,o*re1 or ,m9]al ,purple1 is a d>k o*re1 native ( ! ,=e/ ( ,dean 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,x is ( a murrey or *ocolate col\r1 & =ms cool t9ts ( a purple hue ) :ite4 ,x is ( a d>k] col\r ?an ,indian r$1 :i* has also be5 class$ among purples1 b has a simil> body & opacity1 & g5]ally resembles t pigm5t4 ,x may be prep>$ artificially1 & "s natural r$ o*res burn to ?is col\r4 ,be+ difficult & sometimes impossible to procure1 ,m>s violet is (t5 comp\nd$2 9 :i* case x is liable to v>y bo? 9 hue & /ability4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ,indian r$ is always tak5 = its basis1 ! mixture is nev] :olly fugitive1 nor exhibits any v gl>+ contra/ on exposure4 #bab4 ,,mix$ ,,purple4 ,purple be+ a second>y col\r1 compos$ ( blue & r$1 x foll[s ( c\rse t any blue & r$ pigm5ts1 :i* are n *emically at v>iance1 may be employ$ 9 produc+ mix$ purples ( any requir$ hue1 ei!r by comp\nd+ or gr9d+ !m toge!r ready = use1 or by comb9+ !m 9 ! v>i\s modes ( op]ation 9 pa9t+4 ,9 su* comp\nd+1 ! m p]fect & p]man5t ! orig9al col\rs are1 ! m p]fect & p]man5t w be ! purple obta9$4 ,to produce a pure purple1 nei!r ! r$ nor ! blue mu/ conta9 or incl9e to yell[2 :ile to comp\nd a durable purple1 bo? ! r$ & ! blue mu/ be durable also4 ,ultram>9e & ! r$s ( madd] yield beautiful & excell5t purples1 equally /able 9 wat] or oil1 9 glaz+ or t9t1 :e!r "u ! influ5ce ( light or impure air4 ,cobalt blue & madd] r$ likewise af=d good purples2 & "s ( ! f9e/ & mo/ delicate purples 9 anci5t pa9t+s appe> to h be5 compos$ ( ultram>9e & v]milion1 :i* furni% t9ts equally p]man5t1 b less transp>5t ?an ! above1 & less easily comp\nd$4 ,facility ( use1 & o!r advantages1 are obta9$ at too great a sacrifice by ! employm5t ( p]i%able mixtures1 su* z ! lakes ( co*9eal ) indigo4 ,,p]man5t ,,r$s4 ,,p]man5t ,,blues4 ,cadmium ,r$4 ,c]ulian ,blue4 ,liquid ,rubiate4 ,cobalt ,blue4 ,madd] ,c>m9e4 ,g5u9e ,ultram>9e4 ,rose ,madd]4 ,brilliant ,ultram>9e4 ,m>s ,r$4 ,fr5* ,ultram>9e4 ,o*res4 ,new ,blue4 ,v]milions4 ,p]man5t ,blue4 ,x %\ld be not$ t all ! above r$s d n af=d pure purples ) blue2 ^? :i* conta9 m or less yell[1 z cadmium r$ & orange v]milion1 furni% purples p>tak+ m or less ( olive1 :i* is a comp\nd ( purple & gre54 ,to ^? r$s may be add$ ! russet ,rub5s ,madd] & ! m>rone ,madd] ,br[n1 two pigm5ts :i* are alike eligible = mix$ purple & mix$ orange4 ,no purple1 x w be rem>k$1 equal 9 gorge\s ri*ness to t produc$ f crimson lake & ,prussian blue is obta9able f ! col\rs giv52 j z no mix$ gre5 is ( su* dep? & p[] if t blue be want+ z a con/itu5t4 ,b1 z our comp\nd t9ts are giv5 r z examples ( durability ?an beauty1 all semi-/able or fugitive mixtures are ( necessity ignor$4 #bac4 ,,purple ,,madd]1 ,field's ,purple1 or ,purple ,rubiate1 is ! only durable organic purple ! palette possesses4 ,m>k$ by a s(t subdu$ ri*ness r ?an by brilliancy1 x leans some:at t[>ds m>rone1 & af=ds ! greate/ dep? ( %ad[ )\t coldness ( t9t4 ,un=tunately1 9 ! :ole range ( arti/ic pigm5ts !re is no col\r obta9able 9 su* small quantity z madd] purple2 h5ce its sc>city & high price cause x to be conf9$ to wat]-col\r pa9t+1 9 :i* ! cle>ness & beauty ( its delicate tones r5d] x invaluable 9 e /age ( a draw+4 ,) raw ,si5na & indigo or ,prussian blue1 subdu$ by black1 x gives beautiful %ad[ t9ts1 & w be f\nd useful 9 sky & o!r effects comp\nd$ ) cobalt1 rose madd]1 ,fr5* blue & sepia1 yell[ o*re & cobalt1 lamp black & cobalt1 light r$1 ,v&yke br[n1 burnt ,si5na1 or aureol94 ,) great transp>5cy1 body1 & dep?1 x is pure & p]man5t 9 its t9ts1 nei!r gives nor su/a9s injury on admixture1 dries & glazes well 9 oil1 works well1 & is altoge!r mo/ p]fect & eligible4 ,= fresco x is admirably adapt$1 be+ q un9jur$ by lime4 ,!re is a light] & slightly bright] sort1 conta9+ less col\r+ matt] & m base1 :i* has all ! prop]ties ( ! above ) less int5sity ( col\r4 ,= ! sake ( *eapness1 ! purple is sometimes comp\nd$ 9 oil1 g5]ally ( br[n madd] & a blue4 ,provid$ ! latt] be /able1 transp>5t1 & mix k9dly1 no great] objection c be tak5 to ?is ?an to ! neutral orange ( br[n madd] & yell[ o*re4 #bad4 ,,violet ,,c>m9e is a brilliant blui% purple ( mu* ri*ness1 employ$ 9 drap]ies & ! l4 ,x is prep>$ by precipitat+ an alcoholic extract ( ! root ( ! ,an*usa t9ctoria1 commonly kn[n z alkanet1 a plant gr[+ 9 ! ,levant1 & "s o!r w>m c\ntries4 ,x 0 us$ by ! anci5ts z a dye1 or z a gr\ndwork to ^? /uffs :i* 7 to be dy$ purpli%-r$3 ! ladies 9 anci5t times also employ$ x z a pa9t4 ,its col\r+ matt] or an*us9 has ! "* ( a res91 & is d>k-r$1 s(t5$ by heat1 insoluble 9 wat]1 soluble 9 alcohol & alkalis1 & freely s 9 e!r1 fats1 & volatile oils1 to all ( :i* x imp>ts a brilliant r$ hue4 ,to obta9 an*us91 all ! soluble matt]s are fir/ ab/ract$ f ! bruis$ root by wat]3 x is !n dige/$ 9 a solution ( c>bonate ( pota%1 f :i* x may be readily precipitat$ by an acid4 ,its alcoholic solution yields ) diff]5t reag5ts crimson1 fle%-col\r$1 blue1 & violet precipitates1 none ( :i*1 h[ev]1 c be class$ z durable4 ,! v>iety "u notice1 violet c>m9e1 resembles ! o!r col\rs af=d$ by alkanet 9 n be+ able to )/& ! action ( light4 ,on cont9u$ exposure1 x loses its beauty & brightness1 toge!r ) mu* ( its col\r1 &1 l ,indian purple1 assumes an inky blackness4 ,h5ce x is unsuit$ to p]man5tly pure effects1 & %\ld only be us$ 9 body4 99 99 99 99 99 #bae4 ,ar*il ,purple4 ,ar*il may be reg>d$ z ! ,engli%1 cudbe> z ! ,scot*1 & litmus z ! ,dut* "n = "o & ! same sub/ance1 extract$ f sev]al species ( li*5s by v>i\s processes4 ,^! li*5s1 :i* are pr9cipally collect$ on rocks adjac5t to ! sea1 are clean$ & gr\nd into a pulp ) wat]1 treat$ f "t to "t ) ammoniacal liquor1 & expos$ ) frequ5t agitation to ! action ( ! atmosph]e4 ,peculi> pr9ciples exi/+ 9 ! li*5s are1 by ! jo9t in/rum5tality ( ! air1 wat]1 & ammonia1 s *ang$ z to g5]ate col\r+ matt]1 :i*1 :5 p]fect1 is express$4 ,soluble 9 wat] & alcohol1 ?is col\r+ pr9ciple yields by precipitation ) *loride ( calcium a comp\nd kn[n z ',solid ,fr5* ,purple'1 a pigm5t m /able ?an ! ar*il col\rs g5]ally1 b all too fugitive = ! palette4 #baf4 ,bismu? ,purple4 ,a purple p[d] is capable ( be+ produc$ f bismu? by pass+ *lor9e gas ?r\gh ! hydrat$ oxide susp5d$ 9 a saturat$ solution ( pota%4 ,z soon z ! oxide becomes br[n-r$1 ! mixture is boil$ & ! liquid decant$ (f at once1 ! residue be+ imm$iately wa%$ fir/ ) alcohol & !n ) wat]4 ,on ! :ole1 ! result is n1 = an arti/ic pigm5t1 wor? ! tr\ble involv$ 9 ! prep>ation4 #bag4 ,burnt ,madd] is obta9$ by c>efully *>r+ madd] c>m9e until x becomes ( ! hue requir$4 ,be>+ ! same relation to madd] c>m9e z burnt c>m9e to ! c>m9e ( co*9eal1 burnt madd] is a p]man5t & p]fectly unexceptionable pigm5t4 ,by reason1 probably1 ( its great price1 x is n m5tion$ 9 trade catalogues1 & mu/ be held z comm]cially unkn[n4 #bah4 ,cobalt ,purples are obta9able rang+ f ! ri*e/ crimson purple to ! mo/ delicate violet4 ,we h produc$ !m by wet & dry me?ods1 v>y+ 9 brilliancy & beauty1 b *>act]is$ g5]ally by want ( body1 & frequ5tly by a smalt-l gritt9ess4 ,*emically1 good & /able col\rs1 !y are n receiv$ ) fav\r on ! palette1 & c]ta9ly may be v well replac$ by mixtures ( cobalt blue & madd] r$4 ,:5 a p]man5t comp\nd is obta9able equal 9 col\r to an orig9al pigm5t1 & sup]ior 9 its physical attributes1 no objection c fairly be tak5 to its arti/ic pref]5ce4 ,!re are o!r ?+s to be consid]$ 9 a pigm5t besides p]man5ce1 or ev5 p]man5ce & col\r comb9$4 ,! two toge!r d n con/itute a p]fect pigm5t1 t is1 a mat]ial ( practical utility & value4 ,9 ! la/ *apt]1 allusion 0 made to a gre5 :i* possesses bo? ! "o & ! o!r1 & yet is--at pres5t1 at lea/--q unfitt$ = arti/ic use4 ,h5ce1 ) a /rong p>tiality = simple orig9al pigm5ts1 we are b\nd to confess !re are cases :]e mixtures are ju/ifiably pref]r$4 ,all we cont5d = is1 t ea* con/itu5t ( su* mixtures %\ld be /able1 & nei!r give nor receive injury by be+ comp\nd$4 #bai4 ,gold ,purple1 ,purple ( ,cassius1 or ,cassius's ,purple ,precipitate1 0 discov]$ 9 #afhc by ,cassius ( ,leyd54 ,x is a comp\nd ( t9 & gold1 be/ =m$ by mix+ aque\s p]*loride ( iron ) aque\s proto*loride ( t91 till ! col\r ( ! liquid has a %ade ( gre51 & !n add+ ?is liquid1 drop by drop1 to a solution ( p]*loride ( gold1 :i* is free f nitric acid & v dilute3 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! purple is deposit$4 ,:5 rec5tly prep>$1 ! col\r is bright5$ by boil+ nitric acid4 ,n brilliant1 b ri* & p[]ful1 ?is purple v>ies 9 hue accord+ to ! mode ( manufacture f deep crimson to murrey or d>k purple3 x also diff]s 9 degrees ( transp>5cy4 ,work+ well 9 wat]1 x is an excell5t ?\gh co/ly pigm5t1 once popul> 9 m9iatures1 b at pres5t r>ely1 if ev] us$1 z purple madd] is *eap]1 & p]fectly well supplies its place4 ,reta9+ its col\r at a high r$ heat1 x is n[ conf9$ to enamel & porcela9 pa9t+1 & to t++ glass ( a f9e r$4 ,if1 :il/ 9 its hydrat$ /ate1 x be wa%$ ) ammonia1 a bright purple liquid results1 f :i* a violet col\r1 some:at less exp5sive1 c be produc$1 by comb9+ ! gold purple ) alum9a1 & calc9+ ! product 9 ! same way t is practis$ ) cobalt4 ,?is comp\nd may be expos$ to ! action ( ! sun's rays = a ye> )\t be+ s5sibly affect$4 #bbj4 ,prussian ,purple4 ,a prussiate ( iron is obta9able ( a violet hue1 af=d+ good %ad[ t9ts & cle> pale wa%es4 ,x has n1 h[ev]1 be5 introduc$ z a pigm5t1 z ord9>y ,prussian blue t+$ ) r$ furni%es a simil> col\r4 #bba4 ,s&al ,wood ,purple4 ,s&al wood conta9s ab\t #af p] c5t4 ( col\r+ matt]1 soluble ) difficultly 9 wat]1 b readily dissolv$ by alcohol4 ,f ! latt] solution1 *loride ( t9 ?r[s d[n a purple1 & sulphate ( iron a deep violet precipitate2 nei!r ( :i* is rem>kable = p]man5ce4 #bbb4 ,t9 ,violet4 ,by heat+ *romate ( /annic oxide to bright r$ness1 a d>k violet mass is obta9$1 :i* is bett] adapt$ to enamel pa9t+ ?an to ! palette4 ,x communicates 9 glaz+s a v>iety ( t9ts1 f rose-r$ to violet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s scant is ! numb] ( good purples 9 common use1 t !re are b two :i* c be class$ z durable1 namely1 purple madd] & ! true ,m>s violet4 ,=emo/ 9 ! second gr\p /&s burnt c>m9e4 ,z !re are diff]5t degrees bo? ( p]man5ce & fugacity1 s are !re diff]5t degrees ( semi-/ability4 ,burnt c>m9e1 burnt lake1 ,indian purple1 & violet c>m9e1 all belong to ?is division2 b ! fir/ c]ta9ly is m p]man5t ?an ! re/4 ,ri* & beautiful z x is1 purple madd] _c be call$ brilliant2 :ile ,m>s violet is1 ( c\rse1 o*r\s4 ,unlike gre5 & orange1 !re=e1 purple c po9t to no orig9al pigm5t at once vivid & durable3 z reg>ds purple1 brilliancy implies a semi-/ability t bord]s m or less closely on fugacity4 ,until ! adv5t ( a p]fect palette1 h[ev]1 brilliancy & semi-/ability w d\btless hold _! own4 ,_! pres5t popul>ity may be se5 by a glance at ! li/s ( arti/-col\rs--li/s compil$1 be x rememb]$1 9 ob$i5ce to ! law ( dem& & supply4 ,if art 7 really s mu* hon\r$ z "s ( its disciples pret5d1 none b durable col\rs w\ld be employ$4 ,9 our op9ion1 if a picture be wor? pa9t+ at all1 x is wor? pa9t+ ) p]man5t pigm5ts2 b _m evid5tly ?9k o!rwise4 ,deplor+ an error nei!r flatt]+ to ! craft !y practise nor to !mselves1 we w\ld urge su* to be> 9 m9d ?is axiom1 semi-/able pigm5ts become fugitive :5 us$ 9 ?9 wa%es4 ,ev5 9 body !y d n pres]ve _! primitive hue1 b 9 glaz+ & ! l1 _! col\r altoge!r flies or is :olly de/roy$4 ,x is ?is semi-/ability1 recomm5d$ to ! ?\ghtless & indiff]5t by ! beauty :i* g5]ally accompanies x1 t is ! bane ( mod]n art4 ,ev5 our greate/ pa9t]s h yield$ to its fasc9ation4 ,:o has n gaz$ ^u "o ( ,turn]'s fad+ pictures ) /ill m ( sadness ?an enjoym5t1 t any?+ s gr&1 s beautiful1 s true1 %\ld sl[ly b surely be pass+ away8 ,a feel+ ak9 to pity is conjur$ up at ! sight ( ! helpless wreck1 ab&on$ amid ! trea*]\s mat]ials employ$1 & s9k+ deep] & deep]4 ,m\rnful1 inde$1 is t mighty ru9 ( m9d amid matt]2 m\rnful ! ?\ght t 9 ye>s to come1 ! monum5t s\ght = w n be f\nd4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,a tal5t ( money1 i4e41 a tal5t's weight ( silv]1 0 equal to ne>ly #bdd4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,on ,,! ,,t]ti>y1 ,,citr9e4 ,citr9e1 or ! col\r ( ! citron1 is ! fir/ ( ! t]ti>y class ( col\rs1 or ultimate comp\nds ( ! prim>y triad1 yell[1 r$1 & blue2 9 :i* yell[ is ! ar*eus or pr$om9at+ col\r1 & blue ! extreme subord9ate4 ,= citr9e be+ an imm$iate comp\nd ( ! second>ies1 orange & gre51 ( bo? :i* yell[ is a con/itu5t1 ! latt] col\r is ( d\ble occurr5ce !re91 :ile ! o!r two prim>ies ent] s+ly into its composition4 ,! mean or middle hue compreh5ds eight blue1 five r$1 & six yell[1 ( equal int5sities4 ,h5ce citr9e1 accord+ to its "n1 :i* is t ( a class ( col\rs & us$ commonly = a d>k yell[1 p>takes 9 a subdu$ degree ( all ! p[]s ( its ar*eus yell[4 ,9 e/imat+1 !re=e1 its prop]ties & effects 9 pa9t+1 x is to be reg>d$ z p>ticipat+ ( all ! relations ( yell[4 ,by "s ?is col\r is improp]ly call$ br[n1 z almo/ all brok5 col\rs are4 ,! h>moniz+ contra/ ( citr9e is a deep purple1 :i* may be se5 beautifully oppos$ to x 9 nature1 :5 ! gre5 ( summ] decl9es4 ,z autumn advances1 citr9e t5ds t[>ds its orange hues1 includ+ ! col\rs t]m$ aurora1 *amoise1 & o!rs be=e enum]at$ "u ! head ( yell[4 ,x is ! mo/ advanc+ ( ! t]ti>y col\rs1 or ne>e/ 9 relation to light2 & is v>i\sly ( a t5d]1 mode/1 *e]+ "*4 ,to und]/& & reli% ! h>moni\s relations & expressive p[]s ( ! t]ti>y col\rs1 require a cultivation ( p]ception & a ref9em5t ( ta/e = :i* /udy & practice are ne$$4 ,to a great ext5t ! col\ri/1 l ! poet1 is born n made2 b al?\gh he mu/ h an innate s5se ( ! beautiful & ! true1 h>d "w alone1 ) 8 head1 8 eyes1 & 8 h&s1 w enable him to le>n & turn to acc\nt ! complex beauties & relations ( t]ti>y col\rs4 ,!y are at once less def9ite & less g5]ally evid5t1 b m delightful--m frequ5t 9 nature1 ?\gh r>] 9 common art1 ?an ! l relations ( ! second>ies & prim>ies4 ,!re is v little pure col\r 9 ! _w3 n[ & !n a gleam dazzles u1 l a bur/ ( sun%9e ?r\gh grey mi/s2 b z a rule1 nature pref]s brok5 col\rs to absolute hues4 ,mo/ pure 9 spr+1 mo/ full 9 summ]1 mo/ mell[ 9 autumn1 mo/ sob] 9 w9t]1 h] t9ts & %ades ( col\r are always m or less int]lac$1 f :ite & ! prim>ies to ! semi-neutral & black4 ,( orig9al citr9e-col\r$ pigm5ts !re are only a few1 unless we include sev]al imp]fect yell[s :i* might n improp]ly be call$ citr9es4 ,! foll[+ are be/ entitl$ to ?is appellation3-- #bbc4 ,,br[n ,,p9k1 ,br[n ,/il de ,gra91 ,citr9e ,lake1 or ,qu]citron ,lake is usually prep>$ f ! b]ries ( ,avignon 7ramnus infectorius71 bett] kn[n z ,fr5*1 ,p]sian1 or ,turkey b]ries2 b a m durable & quick] dry+ species is obta9$ f ! qu]citron b>k4 ,if produc$ f ! =m]1 x mu/ be br&$ z fugitive1 b if f ! latt]1 x may be t]m$ semi-/able4 ,9 ei!r case x is a lake1 precipitat$ f ! alkal9e decoction by means ( alum1 9 su* proportions t ! alkali %all n be m ?an half saturat$4 ,! excess ( soda or pota% employ$ imp>ts a br[n hue2 b ! lake be+ 9 g5]al an orange brok5 by gre51 falls into ! class ( citr9e col\rs1 sometimes incl9+ to gre5ness1 & sometimes t[>ds ! w>m? ( orange4 ,x works well bo? 9 wat] & oil1 9 ! latt] ( :i* x is ( great dep? & transp>5cy1 b its t9ts ) :ite lead are v fugitive1 & 9 ?9 glaz+ x does n /&3 ! b]ry v>iety dries badly4 ,a f9e ri* col\r1 m beautiful ?an eligible1 x is popul> 9 l&scape = foliage 9 =egr\nds4 ,modifi$ by admixture ) burnt ,si5na or gamboge1 x yields a comp\nd :i*1 ) ! addition ( a small quantity ( indigo1 gives a w>m ?\gh n v durable gre54 ,9 _m ( ! ,flemi% pictures ! foliage has become blue f ! yell[i% lake1 ) :i* ! ultram>9e 0 mix$1 hav+ fad$4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ! alt]ation made by "t 9 semi-/able pigm5ts is n s obs]vable :5 !y are employ$ 9 full body4 ,_! use g5]ally has be5 deprecat$1 b 9 %ad[s su* vegetable col\rs z br[n p9k are sometimes ( advantage1 z !y are transp>5t1 lose "p ( _! ri*ness by ! action ( ! air1 & d n become black4 ,moreov]1 if mix$ ) pigm5ts :i* h a t5d5cy to d>k51 !y mitigate x v mu*4 ,?is la/1 inde$1 is ! mo/ legitimate purpose to :i* semi-/able pigm5ts ^: col\r fades on exposure c be put4 #bbd4 ,,m>s ,,br[n1 or ,brun de ,m>s1 is ei!r a natural or artificial o*re conta9+ iron1 or iron & manganese4 ,( mu* ri*ness & /rict p]man5ce1 x resembles raw umb] 9 be+ a br[n ) a citr9e ca/1 b is g5]ally m>k$ by a flu% ( orange :i* is n s obs]vable 9 ! latt] pigm5t4 #bbe4 ,,mix$ ,,citr9e4 ,:at has be5 be=e rem>k$ ( ! mix$ second>y col\rs is m p>ticul>ly applicable to ! t]ti>y1 x be+ m difficult to select ?ree homog5e\s sub/ances ( equal p[]s z pigm5ts ?an two1 t %all unite & "w toge!r cordially4 ,h5ce ! mix$ t]ti>ies are /ill less p]fect & pure ?an ! second>ies2 & z _! hues are ( ext5sive use 9 pa9t+1 orig9al pigm5ts ( ^! col\rs are proportionably e/imable to ! arti/4 ,nev]!less !re are two evid5t pr9ciples ( comb9ation1 ( :i* he may avail himself 9 produc+ ^! col\rs 9 ! v>i\s ways ( work+2 ! "o be+ t ( comb9+ two orig9al second>ies2 & ! o!r1 ( unit+ ! ?ree prim>ies 9 su* a mann] t ! ar*eus %all pr$om9ate4 ,?us 9 ! case ( citr9e1 ei!r orange & gre5 may be directly comp\nd$2 or yell[1 r$1 & blue be s mix$ t ! yell[ %all be 9 excess4 ,^! col\rs are1 h[ev]1 obta9$ 9 _m in/ances ) be/ & mo/ p]man5t effect1 n by ! intimate comb9ation ( pigm5ts ^u ! palette1 b by int]m+l+ !m1 9 ! mann] ( nature1 on ! canvas1 s z to produce ! appe>ance at a prop] di/ance ( a uni=m col\r4 ,?us compos$ is ! citr9e col\r ( fruit & foliage1 on inspect+ :i* we di/9ctly trace ! /ippl+s ( orange & gre51 or ( yell[1 r$1 & gre54 ,! tru? & beauty result+ f su* /ippl+s 9 art may be se5 9 ! lusci\s fruit-pieces ( ! late ,w4 ,hunt1 :]e ! bloom on ! plum1 ! d[n ( ! pea*1 c41 are giv5 ) wondr\s fidelity to nature4 ,9 ! russet hues ( autumn foliage1 :]e purple & orange h brok5 or sup]s$$ ! summ] gre51 ?is int]lac+ ( col\r appe>s2 & also 9 ! olive foliage ( ! rose-tree1 =m$ 9 ! individual leaf by ! ramification ( purple 9 gre54 ,besides ! durable yell[s1 r$s1 & blues1 ! foll[+ orange & gre5 pigm5ts are eligible = mix$ citr9es4 ,!y may likewise1 h[ev]1 be safely & simply comp\nd$ by slight additions1 to an orig9al br[n1 ( t prim>y or second>y tone :i* is requisite to give x ! requir$ hue4 ,,p]man5t ,,orange4 ,,p]man5t ,,gre54 ,burnt ,roman ,o*re4 ,oxide ( ,*romium1 opaque4 ,burnt ,si5na4 ,oxide ( ,*romium1 transp>5t4 ,cadmium ,orange4 ,v]onese ,gre54 ,m>s ,orange4 ,viridian4 ,neutral ,orange4 ,em]ald ,gre54 ,s*eele's ,gre54 ,t]re ,v]te4 #bbf4 ,,raw ,,umb]1 or ,umb]1 is a natural o*re1 *iefly compos$ ( oxide ( manganese1 oxide ( iron1 silica1 & alum9a4 ,x is said to h be5 fir/ br\ght f anci5t ,ombria1 n[ ,spoleto1 9 ,italy4 ,f\nd 9 ,engl&1 & 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! _w1 t :i* comes f ,cyprus1 "u ! "n ( ,turki% or ,levant umb]1 is ! be/4 ,( a quiet br[n-citr9e col\r1 semi-opaque1 x dries rapidly1 & injures no o!r good pigm5t ) :i* x may be mix$4 ,by "t x gr[s d>k]1 a disadvantage :i* may be obviat$ by comp\nd+ x ) col\rs :i* pale on exposure4 ,= light %ad[ tones & delicate grays x is extremely useful1 & yields ) blue mo/ s]viceable neutral gre5s4 ,to mud walls1 t9ts = /one1 wood1 gray rocks1 baskets1 yell[ sails1 & /ormy seas1 ?is citr9e is suit$4 ,"s arti/s h pa9t$ on gr\nds prim$ ) umb]1 b x has p5etrat$ ?r\gh ! light] p>ts ( ! "w4 ,mrime /ates t !re are sev]al ( ,p\ss9's pictures s pa9t$2 t f9e s]ies1 ,! ,sev5 ,sacram5ts1 be+ cle>ly among ! numb]4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbg4 ,cassia ,fi/ula is a native vegetal pigm5t1 ?\gh x is m commonly employ$ z a m$ic9al drug4 ,x is br\ght f ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies 9 a sort ( cane1 9 :i* x is naturally produc$4 ,z a pigm5t x is deep1 transp>5t1 ( an imp]fect citr9e col\r1 incl9+ to d>k gre51 & diffusible 9 wat] )\t gr9d+1 l gamboge & sap gre54 ,once sp>+ly us$ 9 wat] z a sort ( sub/itute = bi/re1 x is n n[ to be met ) on ! palette4 #bbh4 ,citr9e ,br[n4 ,f boil+1 hot1 or cold solutions ( bi*romate ( pota% & hyposulphite ( soda 9 excess1 we h obta9$ an agreeable citr9e-br[n col\r1 v>y+ 9 hue & t9t accord+ to ! mode ( prep>ation & proportions ( mat]ials employ$4 ,x is a hydrat$ oxide ( *romium :i*1 :5 wa%$ & c>efully dri$1 yields a s(t fl\ry p[d]4 ,transp>5t1 & af=d+ cle>1 delicate pale wa%es1 ! oxide has n be5 introduc$ z a pigm5t2 p>tly ow+ to c]ta9 physical objections1 & p>tly to a t5d5cy to gre5ness4 ,?is t5d5cy is peculi> to all ! br[n *rome oxides ( :atev] hue1 :e!r hydrat$ or anhydr\s2 & inde$ di/+ui%es m or less ne>ly all ! comp\nds ( *romium4 ,gre51 9 fact1 is ! natural col\r ( su* comp\nds1 ! col\r :i* !y are con/antly /ruggl+ to atta92 & h5ce x is t ! gre5 oxides ( *romium1 be+ clo!d 9 _! native hue1 are ( su* /rict /ability4 ,! incl9ation to gre5 :i* ! citr9e "u notice possesses1 may be se5 by wa%+ ! precipitate ) boil+ wat]4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t hydrat$ br[n oxide ( *romium is n a di/9ct comp\nd ( *romium & oxyg51 b a feeble union ( ! gre5 oxide ) *romic acid4 ,if ?is be ! case1 ! citr9e ca/ ( ! br[n oxide is easily expla9$1 z well z ! gradual addition to its gre5 by ! deoxidation ( ! *romic acid4 ,9 mix$ t9ts = autumn foliage & ! l1 ! t5d5cy to gre5 ( ?is citr9e br[n w\ld be comp>atively unimportant2 b :e!r ! oxide be adapt$ to ! palette or n1 we believe ! col\r might be utiliz$4 ,9 dye+1 = in/ance1 ! solutions ( bi*romate ( pota% & hyposulphite ( soda w\ld be wor? a trial1 ! liquids ( c\rse be+ kept sep>ate1 & ! br[n wa%$ ) cold wat]4 ,v>i\s patt]ns c\ld be pr9t$ ) ! bi*romate on a gr\nd previ\sly treat$ ) hyposulphite4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sev]al o!r br[ns1 & o*r\s e>?s1 p>take ( a citr9e hue1 su* z ,cassel ,e>?1 ,bi/re1 c4 ,b 9 ! confusion ( names1 inf9ity ( tones & t9ts1 & v>iations ( individual pigm5ts1 x is impossible to arrive at an unexceptionable or univ]sally satisfactory arrangem5t4 ,we h !re=e foll[$ a middle & g5]al c\rse 9 di/ribut+ pigm5ts "u _! prop] heads4 ,( ! ?ree citr9es 9 common use1 ,m>s br[n & raw umb] are /rictly /able2 :ile br[n p9k1 ! pure/ orig9al citr9e ! palette possesses1 is ei!r semi-/able or fugitive1 accord+ to ! col\r+ sub/ance us$ 9 its prep>ation4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,on ,,! ,,t]ti>y1 ,,russet4 ,russet1 ! second or middle t]ti>y col\r1 is1 l citr9e1 con/itut$ ultimately ( ! ?ree prim>ies1 r$1 yell[1 & blue2 b ) ?is diff]5ce--in/ead ( yell[ z 9 citr9e1 ! ar*eus or pr$om9at+ col\r 9 russet is r$1 to :i* yell[ & blue are subord9ates4 ,= orange & purple be+ ! imm$iate con/itu5ts ( russet1 & r$ be+ a compon5t "p ( ea* ( ^? col\rs1 x foll[s t r$ ent]s d\bly into russet1 :ile yell[ & blue appe> b once !re94 ,! proportions ( its middle hue are eight blue1 t5 r$1 & ?ree yell[1 ( equal int5sities4 ,?us compos$1 russet takes ! relations & p[]s ( a subdu$ r$2 & _m pigm5ts & dyes ( ! latt] d5om9ation are /rictly ( ! class ( russet col\rs4 ,9 fact1 nom9al di/9ction ( col\rs is only relative2 ! gradation f hue to hue1 z f t9t to t9t1 & %ade to %ade1 be+ ( su* unlimit$ ext5t1 t x is impossible to pron\nce absolutely :]e "o hue1 t9t1 or %ade ends1 & ano!r beg9s4 ,! h>moniz+1 neutraliz+1 or contra/+ col\r ( russet1 is a deep gre52 or :5 ! russet incl9es to orange1 a gray or subdu$ blue4 ,^! are (t5 beautifully oppos$ 9 nature1 be+ m$ial accordances or 9 equal relation to light1 %ade & o!r col\rs1 & among ! mo/ agreeable to s5se4 ,russet1 z we h said1 p>takes ( ! relations ( r$1 b x is a hue mod]at$ 9 e respect1 & qualifi$ = great] bread? ( display 9 ! col\r+ ( nature & art2 less s1 p]haps1 ?an its fell[-t]ti>ies 9 proportion z x is individually m beautiful4 ,! p[]s ( beauty are ev] mo/ effective :5 lea/ obtrusive2 & its pres5ce 9 col\r %\ld be *iefly evid5t to ! eye t seeks x--n s mu* c\rt+ z be+ c\rt$4 ,( ! t]ti>y col\rs1 russet is ! mo/ important to ! arti/2 & !re are _m pigm5ts class$ z r$1 purple1 c41 :i* are ( russet hues4 ,b !re are few true russets1 & only "o orig9al pigm5t ( t col\r is n[ kn[n on ! palette1 to wit-- #bbi4 ,,rub5s' ,,madd]1 ,orange ,russet1 ,russet ,rubiate1 or ,field's ,russet4 ,?is is a v ri* crimson russet ) a flu% ( orange2 pure1 transp>5t1 & ( a middle hue betwe5 orange & purple4 ,prep>$ f ! madd] root1 x is n subject to *ange by ! action ( light1 "t1 or mixture ( o!r pigm5ts4 ,al?\gh n s mu* employ$ z ! m>rone ,madd] ,br[n1 x is s]viceable bo? z a local & auxili>y col\r 9 comp\nd+ & produc+ ) yell[ ! gl[+ hues ( autumnal foliage1 c42 & ) blue1 ! beautiful & endless v>iety ( grays 9 skies1 fle%1 c4 ,a good glaz+ col\r1 its ?9 wa%es af=d f9e fle% t9ts 9 wat]3 z an oil pigm5t x dries indiff]5tly1 & requires to be =c$ by ! addition ( a little gold size or v>ni%4 ,cappah br[n & burnt umb] sadd5 x to ! ri* tones adapt$ = g5]al use 9 %ad[s4 ,s sadd5$1 ?is lake meets admirably ! d>k c5tres ( ! upp] petals ( c]ta9 fancy g]aniums1 :ile alone its pale wa%es are equally well suit$ to ! l[] leaves4 #bcj4 ,,mix$ ,,russet4 ,:at has be5 rem>k$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] ^u ! production ( mix$ citr9e col\rs1 is likewise applicable to mix$ russet4 ,by ! imm$iate me?od ( produc+ x mat]ially f its second>ies1 good & durable col\rs are obta9$ by comp\nd+ ! foll[+ orange & purple pigm5ts-- ,,p]man5t ,,orange4 ,,p]man5t ,,purple4 ,burnt ,roman ,o*re4 ,m>s ,violet1 true4 ,burnt ,si5na4 ,purple ,madd]4 ,cadmium ,orange4 ,m>s ,orange4 ,neutral ,orange4 ,_m o!r less eligible duple & triple comp\nds ( russet are obvi\s ^u pr9ciple1 & x may be produc$ by add+ r$ 9 due pr$om9ance to "s br[ns2 b ^!1 l mo/ mixtures1 are inf]ior to orig9al pigm5ts4 ,to ! orange col\rs !re may be add$ cadmium r$ & ! orange v]milions1 pigm5ts :i* 7 class$ among ! r$s1 b :i* conta9 suffici5t yell[ to r5d] !m adapt$ = ei!r comp\nd russets or comp\nd citr9es4 ,& z ( orig9al purple pigm5ts !re are two only :i* are /able1 su* mixtures z madd] r$ & ,fr5* blue w help to swell ! li/ ( available p]man5t purples4 ,rub5s' madd] itself may be *ang$ 9 hue by be+ fir/ mix$ ) blue & !n ) orange4 99 99 99 99 99 #bca4 ,prussiate ( ,copp] diff]s *emically f ,prussian blue only 9 hav+ copp] in/ead ( iron = its basis4 ,x v>ies 9 hue f russet to purple br[n1 is transp>5t & deep1 b1 be+ v liable to *ange 9 col\r by ! action ( light & by o!r pigm5ts1 has nev] be5 mu* us$1 & is n[ obsolete4 ,! comp\nd has ! objection ( conta9+ free prussiate ( pota%1 n removable by cont9u$ wa%+--sometimes z mu* z five p] c5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are sev]al o!r pigm5ts :i* ent] imp]fectly into1 or v]ge ^u1 ! class ( russet1 :i*1 hav+ obta9$ ! names ( o!r classes to :i* !y are alli$1 w be f\nd "u o!r heads2 su* are "s ( ! o*res1 z ,indian r$4 ,burnt c>m9e is (t5 ( ! russet hue1 or conv]tible to x by due additions ( yell[ or orange2 z are burnt ,si5na & v>i\s br[ns1 by l additions ( lake or o!r r$s4 ,! "o pigm5t 9 ?is *apt] kn[n to ! mod]n palette1 ,rub5s' madd]1 is p]man5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,on ,,! ,,t]ti>y1 ,,olive4 ,olive is ! ?ird & la/ ( ! t]ti>y col\rs1 & ne>e/ 9 relation to %ade4 ,l its co-t]ti>ies1 citr9e & russet1 x is compos$ ( ! ?ree prim>ies1 blue1 r$1 & yell[2 b is =m$ m directly ( ! second>ies1 purple & gre51 9 ea* ( :i* blue is a con/itu5t3 h5ce blue occurs twice 9 ! latt] mode ( =m+ olive1 :ile r$ & blue ent] !re9 s+ly & subord9ately4 ,blue is1 !re=e1 9 e in/ance ! ar*eus or pr$om9at+ col\r ( olive2 its p]fect or middle hue compreh5d+ sixte5 ( blue to five ( r$ & ?ree ( yell[4 ,x p>takes 9 a proportionate measure ( ! p[]s1 prop]ties1 & relations ( its ar*eus3 accord+ly1 ! antagoni/ or h>moniz+ contra/ ( olive is a deep orange4 ,l blue1 olive is a retir+ col\r1 ! mo/ s ( all ! col\rs1 be+ ! p5ultimate ( ! scale1 or ne>e/ ( all 9 relation to black1 & la/1 !oretically1 ( ! regul> di/9ctions ( col\rs4 ,h5ce its importance 9 nature & pa9t+ is almo/ z great z t ( black2 x divides ! (fice ( clo?+ ! face ( creation ) gre5 & blue2 ) bo? :i*1 z ) black & grey1 x ent]s into innum]able comp\nds & accordances1 *ang+ its "n z ei!r hue prevails1 into gre51 gray1 a%51 slate1 c4 ,?us ! olive hues ( foliage are call$ gre51 & ! purple hues ( cl\ds are call$ gray1 c42 b su* t]ms are g5]al only1 & unequal to ! inf9ite p>ticul>ity ( nature4 ,?is inf9ity1 or endless v>iation ( hue1 t9t1 & relation1 ( :i* ! t]ti>ies are susceptible1 gives a b\ndless lic5se to ! revelry ( ta/e1 9 :i* ! g5ius ( ! p5cil may display ! mo/ captivat+ h>monies ( col\r+1 & ! mo/ *a/e & delicate expressions2 too subtle to be def9$1 too intricate to be easily und]/ood1 & (t5 too exquisite to be felt by ! untutor$ eye4 ,nature always melodizes by imp]ceptible gradations1 :ile %e h>monizes by di/9ct contra/s4 ,at diff]5t seasons we h blossoms ( all hues1 v>i\sly subord9at$2 & :5 ! "t ( fl[]s may be consid]$ pa/1 z if %e _h no fur!r use = h] f9e col\rs1 or 7 will+ to display h] ultimate skill & ref9em5t1 ,nature lavi%es ! cont5ts ( h] palette1 n disord]ly1 b 9 multipli$ relations1 ov] all vegetal creation1 9 ^? ri* & beautiful accordances ( brok5 & f9i%+ col\rs ) :i* autumn is decorat$ ere ! ye> decays & s9ks into olive d>kness4 ,z a rule1 no col\r exi/s 9 nature )\t gradation1 :i* is to col\rs :at curvature is to l9es4 ,! diff]5ce 9 m]e beauty betwe5 a gradat$ & ungradat$ col\r may be se5 by lay+ an ev5 t9t ( rose-col\r on pap]1 & putt+ a rose leaf beside x4 ,! victori\s beauty ( ! rose1 z comp>$ ) o!r fl[]s1 dep5ds :olly on ! delicacy & quantity ( its col\r gradations1 all o!r fl[]s be+ ei!r less ri* 9 gradation1 n hav+ s _m folds ( leaf2 or less t5d]1 be+ pat*$ & ve9$ in/ead ( flu%$4 ,x is n en\gh1 h[ev]1 t col\r %\ld be gradat$ 9 pa9t+ by be+ made simply pal] or d>k] at "o place ?an ano!r4 ,g5]ally1 col\r *anges z x dim9i%es1 & is n only d>k] at "o spot1 b also pur] at "o spot ?an else:]e2 al?\gh x does n foll[ t ei!r ! d>ke/ or ! lighte/ spot %\ld be ! pure/4 ,v (t5 ! two gradations m or less cross ea* o!r1 "o pass+ 9 "o direction f pal5ess to d>kness1 ano!r 9 ano!r direction f purity to dulness2 b !re w almo/ always be bo? ( !m1 h[ev] reconcil$4 ,h5ce1 e piece ( blue1 say1 laid on %\ld be q pure only at "s giv5 spot1 f :i* x mu/ be gradat$ into blue less pure--greyi% blue1 or gre5i% blue1 or purpli% blue--ov] all ! re/ ( ! space x occupies4 ,9 ,turn]'s l>ge/ oil pictures1 !re is n "o spot ( col\r z l>ge z a gra9 ( :eat ungradat$2 & x w be f\nd 9 practice t brilliancy ( hue1 vig\r ( light1 & ev5 ! aspect ( transp>5cy 9 %ade1 are ess5tially dep5d5t on ?is "* alone2 h>dness1 coldness1 & opacity1 result+ f> m f equality ( col\r ?an f nature ( col\r4 ,giv5 "s mud (f a city cross+1 "s o*re out ( a gravel pit1 a little :it5+1 & "s coal-du/1 & a lum9\s picture might be pa9t$1 if "t 7 all[$ to gradate ! mud1 & subdue ! du/4 ,b n ) ! r$ ( ! ruby1 ! blue ( ! g5tian1 sn[ = ! light1 & amb] = ! gold1 c\ld su* a picture be produc$1 if ! masses ( ^? col\rs 7 kept unbrok5 9 purity1 & unv>y+ 9 dep?4 ,olive be+ usually a comp\nd col\r bo? ) ! arti/ & me*anic1 !re are few olive pigm5ts 9 comm]ce4 #bcb4 ,,mix$ ,,olive may be comp\nd$ 9 sev]al ways2 directly1 by mix+ gre5 & purple2 or indirectly1 by add+ to blue a small] proportion ( yell[ & r$1 or by break+ mu* blue ) little orange4 ,cool black pigm5ts1 comb9$ ) yell[ o*re1 af=d eligible olives2 hues :i* are call$ gre5 9 l&scape1 & invisible gre5 9 me*anic pa9t+4 ,x is to be not$ t 9 produc+ ^! & o!r comp\nd col\rs on ! palette or canvass1 ^? mixtures w mo/ conduce to ! h>mony ( ! p]=mance :i* are =m$ ( pigm5ts o!rwise g5]ally employ$ 9 ! picture4 ,?us1 presum+ aureol9 to be ! pr9cipal yell[ us$1 ! same yell[ %\ld be *os5 = comp\nd+ orange & gre51 or = obta9+ indirectly citr9e1 russet1 & olive4 ,,p]man5t ,,gre54 ,,p]man5t ,,purple4 ,oxide ( ,*romium1 opaque4 ,m>s ,violet1 true4 ,oxide ( ,*romium1 transp>5t4 ,purple ,madd]4 ,v]onese ,gre54 ,viridian4 ,em]ald ,gre54 ,s*eele's ,gre54 ,t]re ,v]te4 ,z 9 ! case ( russet1 !re may be add$ to ! two orig9al purples1 mixtures compos$ ( durable r$s & blues4 ,!re are s _m ways ( produc+ ! t]ti>ies1 t no difficulty c be f\nd 9 comp\nd+ !m ) /able pigm5ts4 ,ea* t]ti>y may be repres5t$ z foll[s3-- ,,citr9e ,orange ,gre54 7,yell[ ,r$7 7,yell[ ,blue47 #b ,yell[ ,r$ ,blue4 ,,russet ,orange ,purple4 7,yell[ ,r$7 7,r$ ,blue47 #b ,r$ ,yell[ ,blue4 ,,olive ,gre5 ,purple4 7,yell[ ,blue7 7,r$ ,blue47 #b ,blue ,yell[ ,r$4 ,f ! above equations1 & by consult+ ! li/s giv5 ( p]man5t prim>y & second>y col\rs1 ! arti/ w at once see h[ easily & safely he may v>y 8 mode ( comp\nd+ ! t]ti>ies4 #bcc4 ,,olive ,,gre51 sometimes call$ ,dew9t's ,gre51 is an arbitr>y comp\nd1 or mix$ gre51 ( a f9e deep olive col\r & sob] ri*ness4 ,advis$ly or n1 x is us$ 9 l&scape1 sket*+1 c42 b only 9 wat]1 olive lake supply+ its place 9 oil4 ,l _m o!r comp\nd pigm5ts1 x is ei!r p]man5t1 semi-/able1 or fugitive1 accord+ to ! con/itu5ts ( :i* x is compos$4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x is m beautiful ?an durable1 & is (t5 decid$ly fugaci\s1 fad+ on exposure4 ,x is impossible = a writ] to pron\nce an absolute op9ion on ! /ability ( all mixtures sold 9 a sep>ate =m1 inasmu* z ! comp\nds ( "o firm may diff] f ^? ( ano!r4 ,we h be=e express$ our dislike to su* pigm5ts1 & ?is unc]ta9ty ) reg>d to _! composition s]ves to /r5g!n x4 ,nev]!less1 z !re are exceptions to e rule1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! palette possesses comp\nds always to be reli$ ^u4 #bcd4 ,,olive ,,lake is 9 comm]ce exclusively an oil col\r4 ,:5 true1 x is a lake prep>$ f ! gre5 ebony1 or laburnum1 & is ( consid]able p]man5ce1 transp>5cy1 & dep?1 bo? 9 wat] & oil2 9 :i* latt] vehicle x dries well4 ,?is v>iety1 h[ev]1 may be said to be obsolete2 hav+ giv5 way to a mixture1 usually semi-/able1 & liable to black54 99 99 99 99 99 #bce4 ,burnt ,v]digris is :at its "n expresses1 & is an olive-col\r$ oxide ( copp] depriv$ ( acid4 ,x dries rem>kably well 9 oil1 is m durable ?an ! orig9al v]digris1 & is 9 o!r respects an improv$ & m eligible pigm5t1 al?\gh n to be recomm5d$4 #bcf4 ,olive ,oxide ( ,*romium4 ,an olive oxide ( ?is metal is obta9able1 transp>5t1 ( /rict /ability1 & altoge!r sup]ior to any orig9al or comp\nd olive pigm5t z yet kn[n4 ,eligible ei!r 9 wat] or oil1 x is admirably adapt$ = autumn foliage1 :]e a quiet1 subdu$1 nature-l gre5 is requir$4 ,x has n1 h[ev]1 be5 introduc$1 p>tly because ( its exp5se1 & p>tly because a mixture ( o!r pigm5ts ) ! ord9>y *rome oxides suffici5tly answ]s ! purpose4 ,!re are m good col\rs 9 ! _w ?an are dreamt ( 9 ! palette's philosophy1 b ei!r !y are n want$1 or are too co/ly to sell4 ,9 a great measure1 bo? art & sci5ce are dep5d5t on comm]ce4 #bcg4 ,olive ,r9man's ,gre54 ,a comp\nd analog\s to cobalt gre5 may be made1 ( an olive hue1 ) m body1 & equally /able4 #bch4 ,olive ,s*eele's ,gre54 ,cupric ars5ite1 :5 heat$1 gives (f ars5i\s acid & wat]1 leav+ a residue ( ars5ide ( copp] & copp] ars5iate4 ,a s]ies ( olive col\rs is s af=d$1 :i* are z durable z _! orig9al pigm5t1 & might ) advantage be sub/itut$ = ! d\btful comp\nds at pres5t 9 use4 #bci4 ,olive ,s*we9furt ,gre5 is likewise furni%$ by g5tle calc9ation4 ,x may be directly prep>$ by mix+ boil+ aque\s solutions ( equal p>ts ( cry/allis$ v]digris & ars5i\s acid4 ,an olive-gre5 precipitate is imm$iately =m$1 :i* is apt1 )\t due precaution1 to pass into an em]ald gre54 ,a durable copp] col\r4 #bdj4 ,olive ,t]re ,v]te4 ,we h obta9$ a v beautiful olive f t]re v]te by simply *ang+ its hue4 ,9 oil1 especially1 ! col\r s produc$ w\ld be f\nd ( s]vice = autumn foliage1 or ri*ly pa9t$ =egr\nds4 ,a simple orig9al pigm5t1 consi/+ :olly ( ! e>?1 x resembles ord9>y t]re v]te 9 be+ unaffect$ by /rong light or impure air1 & un9jur$ by admixture2 b diff]s f x 9 n d>k5+ by "t4 ,semi-transp>5t1 ( sob] ri*ness & dry+ well 9 oil1 x is1 accord+ to its p[]s1 a p]fectly unexceptionable col\r1 ( /rict /ability4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ! two olive col\rs 9 common use1 olive lake & olive gre51 ! fir/ is g5]ally semi-/able1 & apt to black52 :ile ! second is usually fugitive1 & liable to fade3 bo? are comp\nds4 ,! palette1 !re=e1 possesses no orig9al olive pigm5t1 good or bad4 ,a glance at ! numb]$ italicis$ olives w %[ t ! d\btful mixtures ref]r$ to might ) advantage be sup]s$$4 ,x is cle> t ! olive pigm5ts :i* ! palette does n "k1 are bett] ?an ^? ) :i* x is acqua9t$4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,on ,,! ,,semi-,,neutral1 ,,br[n4 ,z col\r1 accord+ to ! regul> scale desc5d+ f :ite1 ceases prop]ly ) ! la/ ( ! t]ti>ies1 olive1 9 !ory ! neutral black w\ld "h =m a fitt+ conclusion4 ,practically1 h[ev]1 e col\r$ pigm5t1 ( e class or tribe1 comb9es ) black z x exi/s 9 pigm5ts--n simply be+ deep5$ or l[]$ 9 tone !reby1 b likewise defil$ 9 col\r1 or *ang$ 9 class4 ,h5ce !re arises a new s]ies or scale ( col\r$ comp\nds1 hav+ black = _! basis1 :i*1 ?\gh !y diff] n !oretically f ! prec$+ ord] inv]t$1 are yet 9 practice imp]fect or impure4 ,^! brok5 comp\nds ( black1 or col\r$ blacks & greys1 we h di/+ui%$ by ! t]m1 semi-neutral1 & divid$ !m into ?ree classes3 ,br[n1 ,m>rone1 & ,gray4 ,:at t9ts are ) respect to :ite1 !y are ) reg>d to black1 be+1 s to speak1 black t9ts or %ades4 ,! fir/ ( ! s]ies is ,,br[n1 a t]m :i*1 9 its wide/ acceptation1 has be5 us$ to include vulg>ly e k9d ( d>k brok5 col\r1 & is1 9 a m limit$ s5se1 ! r indef9ite "n ( a v ext5sive class ( col\rs ( w>m or tawny hues4 ,accord+ly !re are br[ns ( e d5om9ation except blue2 to wit1 yell[-br[n1 r$-br[n1 orange-br[n1 purple-br[n1 citr9e-br[n1 russet-br[n1 c4 ,b !re is no su* ?+ z a blue-br[n1 nor1 /rictly1 any o!r col\r$ br[n 9 :i* blue pr$om9ates2 su* pr$om9ance ( a cold col\r at once c>ry+ ! comp\nd into ! class ( gray1 a%51 or slate4 ,br[n comprises ! hues call$ dun1 hazel1 auburn1 feuillemort1 mort d'ore1 c42 sev]al ( :i* h be5 already m5tion$ z alli$ to ! t]ti>y col\rs4 ,! t]m br[n1 !n1 d5otes rightly a w>m brok5 col\r1 ( :i* yell[ is a *ief con/itu5t3 h5ce br[n is 9 "s measure to %ade :at yell[ is to light4 ,h5ce1 also1 prop] quantities ( ei!r ! ?ree prim>ies1 ! ?ree second>ies1 or ! ?ree t]ti>ies1 produce v>i\sly a br[n mixture4 ,br[ns contribute to coolness & cle>ness by contra/ :5 oppos$ to pure col\rs1 & ,rub5s m especially appe>s to h employ$ !m ^u ?is pr9ciple2 al?\gh ! same may be said ( ,titian1 ,correggio1 ,paulo ,v]onese1 & all ! be/ col\ri/s4 ,be+ a sort ( int]m$ia betwe5 positive col\rs & neutrality1 br[ns equally contra/ col\r & %ade4 ,?is acc\nts = _! va/ importance 9 pa9t+1 & ! necessity ( pres]v+ !m di/9ct f o!r col\rs1 to :i* !y give f\lness 9 mixture2 & to ?is is due _! use 9 backgr\nds & 9 reliev+ ( col\r$ objects4 ,! t5d5cy 9 ! comp\nds ( col\rs to run into br[nness & w>m? is "o ( ! common natural prop]ties ( col\rs :i* occasions !m to det]iorate or defile ea* o!r 9 mixture4 ,br[n by consequ5ce is synonym\s ) f\l or dirty1 z oppos$ to fair or clean2 & h5ce br[n1 :i* is ! ne>e/ ( ! semi-neutrals 9 relation to light1 is to be avoid$ 9 mixture ) light col\rs4 ,yet is x an example ( ! wisdom ( nature's ,au?or t br[n is r5d]$1 l gre51 a prevail+ hue1 & 9 p>ticul> an e>? col\r1 z a contra/ :i* is h>moniz$ by ! blu5ess & coldness ( ! sky4 ,?is t5d5cy w likewise expla9 ! use ( br[n 9 h>moniz+ & ton+1 z well z ! great numb] ( natural & artificial pigm5ts & col\rs s call$4 ,x 0 ! f]tility & abundance ( br[ns t caus$ our great l&scape-col\ri/ ,wilson1 :5 a fri5d w5t exult+ly to tell him t he _h discov]$ a new br[n1 to *eck him 9 8 *>act]i/ic way1 )--,i'm sorry = x3 we h gott5 too _m ( !m already4 ,nev]!less1 f9e transp>5t br[ns are obvi\sly v valuable4 ,if r$ or blue 9 excess be add$ to br[n1 x falls into ! o!r semi-neutral classes1 m>rone or gray4 ,! wide acceptation ( ! t]m br[n has occasion$ mu* confusion 9 ! nam+ ( col\rs1 s9ce brok5 col\rs 9 :i* r$1 c4 pr$om9ate1 h be5 improp]ly call$ br[n4 ,t t]m1 !re=e1 %\ld be conf9$ to ! semi-neutral col\rs1 comp\nd$ (1 or l 9 hue to1 ei!r ! prim>y yell[1 ! second>y orange1 or ! t]ti>y citr9e1 ) a black4 ,! g5]al contra/ or h>moniz+ col\r ( su* comp\nds w consequ5tly be m or less purple or blue4 ,! numb] ( br[ns is great1 z may be se5 by ! foll[+ li/4 ,?is li/1 h[ev]1 is good1 & includes a consid]able proportion ( p]man5t pigm5ts4 #bda4 ,,asphaltum1 ,asphalt1 ,bitum51 ,m9]al ,pit*1 ,jew's ,pit*1 ,antw]p ,br[n1 ,liquid ,asphaltum1 c41 is a sort ( m9]al pit* or t> :i*1 ris+ liquid to ! surface ( ! ,lacus ,asphaltites or ,asphaltic ,lake 7! ,dead ,sea7 concretes !re by ! natural action ( ! atmosph]e & sun1 &1 float+ 9 masses to ! %ores1 is ga!r$ by ! ,arabs4 ,! ,fr5* give x an additional "n f ! region ( ! lake1 to wit1 ,bitum5 ( ,judea2 & ) ! ,engli%1 f ! same cause1 x has ! alias ( ,jew's pit*4 ,asphaltum is n s call$1 h[ev]1 aft] ! lake1 z is ass]t$ by a writ] 9 ! ,encyclopdia3 x is j ! rev]se--,pl9y says1 ,! ,asphaltic lake produces no?+ b bitum5 79 ,greek1 asphaltos72 & h5ce its "n4 ,a sub/ance resembl+ asphalt is f\nd at ,neuf*tel 9 ,switz]l&1 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,a specim5 ( ! native bitum51 br\ght f ,p]sia1 & ( :i* ! au?or made trial1 _h a p[]ful sc5t ( g>lic :5 rubb$4 ,9 ! fire x s(t5$ )\t fl[+1 & burnt ) a lamb5t flame2 did n dissolve by heat 9 turp5t9e1 b gr\nd easily z a pigm5t 9 pale dry+ oil1 af=d+ a f9e deep transp>5t br[n col\r1 resembl+ t ( comm]cial asphaltum2 dri$ firmly almo/ z soon z ! dry+-oil alone1 & work$ admirably bo? 9 wat] & oil4 ,asphaltum may be us$ z a p]man5t br[n 9 wat]1 = :i* purpose ! native is sup]ior to ! artificial4 ,! =m]1 h[ev]1 is n[ seldom to be met )1 ! v>ieties employ$ on ! palette be+ ! residua ( v>i\s res9\s & bitum9\s matt]s1 di/ill$ = ! sake ( _! ess5tial oils4 ,^! residua are all black & glossy l common pit*1 :i* diff]s f !m only 9 hav+ be5 less act$ ^u by fire1 & !nce 9 be+ s(t]4 ,at pres5t asphaltum is prep>$ 9 excessive abundance z a product ( ! di/illation ( coal at ! gas manufactories1 & is *iefly conf9$ to oil-pa9t+1 be+ fir/ dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e1 :i* fits x = glaz+ & %ad+4 ,its f9e br[n col\r & p]fect transp>5cy are lures to its free use ) _m arti/s1 not)/&+ ! c]ta9 de/ruction t awaits ! "w on :i* x is mu* employ$1 ow+ to its t5d5cy to contract & crack by *anges ( temp]ature & ! atmosph]e2 b = :i*1 & a slight liability to black51 x w\ld be a mo/ beautiful1 durable1 & eligible pigm5t4 ,! solution ( asphaltum 9 turp5t9e1 unit$ ) dry+ oil by heat1 or ! bitum5 torrefi$ & gr\nd 9 l9se$ or dry+-oil1 acquires a firm] texture1 b becomes less transp>5t & dries ) difficulty4 ,if common asphaltum1 z usually prep>$ ) turp5t9e1 be us$ ) "s addition ( ,v&yke br[n1 umb]1 or ,cappah br[n gr\nd 9 dry+ oil1 x w ga9 body & solidity :i* w r5d] x mu* less dispos$ to crack4 ,nev]!less1 asphaltum is to be reg>d$ 9 practice r z a d>k v>ni% ?an z a solid pigm5t1 & all ! faults ( a bad v>ni% are to be gu>d$ aga9/ 9 employ+ x4 ,x is common to call ! solution 9 turp5t9e ,asphaltum1 & ! mixture ) dry+-oil ,bitum53 ! latt] is likewise kn[n z ,antw]p ,br[n4 ,a prep>ation = ! use ( wat]-col\r arti/s is employ$ "u ! "n ( ,liquid ,asphaltum4 #bdb4 ,,bi/re is extract$ by wat]y solution f ! soot ( wood fires1 :5ce x d]ives a /rong pyroligne\s sc5t4 ,x is a v p[]ful citr9e-br[n1 wa%es well1 & has a cle>ness suit$ to ar*itectural subjects4 ,its use is conf9$ to wat]-col\r pa9t+1 9 :i* x 0 mu* employ$ by ! old ma/]s = t9t+ draw+s & %ad+ sket*es1 be=e ! g5]al application ( ,indian ink to su* purposes4 ,( a wax-l texture1 x is p]fectly durable1 b unfitt$ = oil1 dry+ !re9 ) ! greate/ difficulty4 ,a sub/ance ( ?is k9d collects at ! back ( fire-places 9 cottages :]e peat is ! con/ant fuel burnt2 :i*1 purifi$ by solution & evaporation1 yields a f9e bi/re1 simil> to ! ,scot*4 ,all k9ds ( bi/re attract moi/ure f ! atmosph]e4 #bdc4 ,,bone ,,br[n & ,ivory ,br[n are obta9$ by roa/+ bone & ivory until by p>tial *>r+ !y become ( a br[n col\r ?r\gh\t4 ,?\gh mu* e/eem$ by "s arti/s1 !y are n q eligible pigm5ts1 be+ bad dri]s 9 oil1 ! only vehicle 9 :i* !y are n[ us$4 ,moreov]1 _! light] %ades are n p]man5t ei!r 9 wat] or oil :5 expos$ to ! action ( /rong light1 or mix$ 9 t9t ) :ite lead4 ,! pale/ ( ^! col\rs are ! mo/ opaque3 ! deepe/ are m durable1 & mo/ s :5 approa*+ black4 ,nei!r bone nor ivory br[n is (t5 employ$1 b ! =m] may be occasionally appli$ 9 =m+ cle>1 silv]y1 w>m grays1 9 comb9ation ) z9c :ite4 #bdd4 ,,burnt ,,umb] is :at its "n d5otes1 & has a deep] %ade ) a m russet hue ?an ! raw umb]4 ,a quiet br[n1 x af=ds cle> & w>m %ad[s1 b is apt to look r turbid if us$ 9 great dep?4 ,x wa%es & works capitally 9 wat]1 & dries quickly 9 oil1 9 :i* x is employ$ z a siccative4 ,p]fectly /able 9 ei!r vehicle1 x may sometimes be sub/itut$ = ,v&yke br[n1 is eligible 9 fresco1 & invaluable 9 build+s4 ,:]e ! lakes ( madd] require sadd5+1 ! addition ( burnt umb] increases _! p[]s1 & improves _! dry+ 9 oil4 ,x conta9s manganese & iron1 & may be produc$ artificially4 ,! old ,italians call$ x falsalo4 #bde4 ,,cal$onian ,,br[n is a p]man5t native pigm5t1 ! use ( :i* is conf9$ to oil4 ,a magnific5t orange-russet br[n ( consid]able transp>5cy1 x is m>k$ by great dep? & ri*ness1 & w be f\nd s]viceable :]e a p[]ful br[n ( ! burnt ,si5na class is requir$4 #bdf4 ,,cappah ,,br[n1 or ,cappagh ,br[n1 is likewise a col\r peculi> to oil4 ,x is a species ( bog-e>? or peat1 mix$ ) manganese 9 v>i\s proportions1 & f\nd on ! e/ate ( ,"l ,audley at ,cappagh1 ne> ,cork4 ,! specim5s 9 :i* ! peat e>? mo/ ab\nds are ( light weight1 friable texture1 & d>k col\r2 :ile ^? :i* conta9 m ( ! metal are heavy & pal]4 ,z pigm5ts1 ! peaty ,cappah br[n is ! mo/ transp>5t & ri* 9 col\r4 ,a prompt dri] 9 oil1 its surface rivels dur+ dry+ :]e x lies ?ick4 ,! o!r & metallic sort is a m opaque1 a light] & w>m] br[n pigm5t1 :i* dries rapidly & smoo?ly 9 a body or ?ick lay]4 ,! fir/ may be reg>d$ z a sup]ior ,v&yke br[n1 ! second z a sup]ior umb]4 ,! two extreme k9ds %\ld be di/+ui%$ z light & deep ,cappah br[ns2 ! =m] excell5t = dead col\r+ & gr\nds1 ! latt] = glaz+ & gra9+4 ,^! pigm5ts "w well 9 oil & v>ni%2 !y d n1 h[ev]1 keep _! place :ile dry+ 9 oil by fix+ ! oil1 l ! dri]s ( lead1 b run4 ,"u ! names ( ,eu*rome & ,m9]al ,br[n1 !y h be5 introduc$ into comm]ce = civil & m>9e pa9t+4 #bdg4 ,,cassel ,,e>?1 ,t]re de ,cassel1 or1 corruptly1 ,ca/le ,e>?1 is specially an oil pigm5t1 simil> to burnt umb] b ( a m russet hue4 ,x is an e>? conta9+ bitum51 a sub/ance :i*1 ) pit-coal1 lignite or br[n coal1 jet1 petroleum or rock oil1 naph?a1 c41 is look$ ^u z a product ( ! decomposition ( organic matt]1 b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?1 9 situations :]e ! conditions ( contact ) wat]1 & almo/ total exclusion ( atmosph]ic air1 are fulfill$4 ,deposit$ at ! bottom ( seas1 lakes1 or riv]s1 & subsequ5tly cov]$ up by accumulations ( clay & s&1 ! organic tissue und]goes a k9d ( f]m5tation by :i* ! bodies 9 "q are sl[ly produc$4 ,! true bitum5s appe> to h aris5 f coal or lignite by ! action ( subt]ranean heat2 & v closely resemble "s ( ! products yield$ by ! de/ructive di/illation ( ^? bodies4 ,ri* z is ! tone ( col\r ( ,cassel e>?1 x is apt to lose ?is 9 "s measure on exposure to light4 ,mrime rememb]s to h se5 a head1 ! br[n hair ( :i* _h be5 pa9t$ p>tly ) ! e>? alone1 & p>tly ) a mixture ( ! e>? & :ite2 yet ! hair :]e ! :ite 0 employ$ 0 d>k] ?an t pa9t$ solely ) ! br[n1 ! :ite hav+ fix$ ! col\r4 ,to comp5sate = its ?us fad+1 x %\ld be mix$ ) pigm5ts t are p]man5t1 su* z umb] & lamp black4 ,l all bitum9\s e>?s1 x ne$s ! /ronge/ dry+ oil4 ,by calc9ation1 a great] degree ( int5sity may be imp>t$ to ! col\r1 & p]haps a little m solidity4 ,9 l&scapes x is ( mu* s]vice = ! mo/ vigor\s portions ( =egr\nds & ! trunks ( trees1 z well z = pa9t+ cav]n\s rocks or deep recesses 9 ar*itecture4 ,comp\nd$ ) burnt lake & a little ,prussian blue1 x gives a black ! mo/ pr(\nd4 #bdh4 ,,*alon',s ,,br[n is a wat]-col\r pigm5t1 transp>5t & incl9+ to r$2 deep1 full1 & v ri*4 ,on exposure to light x becomes less russet1 b is o!rwise /rictly /able4 #bdi4 ,,cologne ,,e>?1 incorrectly call$ ,cull5's ,e>?1 is a native bitum9\s e>?1 conta9+ less bitum5 ?an ,cassel e>?1 & !re=e dry+ m quickly4 ,d>k] ?an t v>iety1 x is less transp>5t1 & cov]s bett]4 ,9 its g5]al qualities x resembles ,v&yke br[n1 except t 9 comb9ation ) :ite1 x af=ds a range ( cool] br[n t9ts4 ,useful = ! %ad[s ( build+s1 x does n wa% s well z sepia1 & is pref]r$ occasionally on t acc\nt4 ,by "s x has be5 call$ durable1 by o!rs br&$ z fugaci\s4 ,accord+ to ,b\vi]1 br[n hair repres5t$ by ?is col\r has be5 kn[n to disappe> 9 six mon?s1 all ! br[n vani%+1 & no?+ rema9+ b a few black l9es ( ! sket*4 ,z x is simil> 9 composition to ,cassel e>?1 ! safe/ c\rse w\ld be to mix x ) umb]1 & n to employ x alone4 ,calc9$1 x acquires a r$di% hue4 #bej4 ,,indelible ,,br[n ,,ink4 ,al?\gh ?is _c be class$ z a pigm5t1 yet1 be+ v useful 9 wat]-col\rs1 x may be prop] to describe its qualities4 ,! ink is a ri* br[n fluid1 &1 z its "n imports1 is indelibly fix$ on ! pap] z soon z x is dry2 ?us all[+ ! arti/ to "w or wa% ov] x repeat$ly1 )\t its be+ di/urb$4 ,if dilut$ ) wat] to its fa9te/ t9t1 x /ill cont9ues to reta9 its indelible prop]ties undim9i%$4 ,x is g5]ally us$ ) a re$ p51 & employ$ *iefly 9 ar*itectural details & outl9es4 ,v>i\s br[n inks1 pr9cipally solutions ( bi/re & sepia1 7 adopt$ 9 sket*+ by ,claude1 ,rembr&t1 & _m ( ! old ma/]s4 ,9 mod]n times1 a beautiful transp>5t br[n = wat]-col\r arti/s1 kn[n z ,liquid ,pr\t's ,br[n1 has be5 ext5sively employ$4 ,?is conta9s less fixative ?an ! indelible ink1 & is ! vehicle ) :i* ne>ly all ,samuel ,pr\t's draw+s 7 execut$4 #bea4 ,,leit*',s ,,br[n is a p]man5t pigm5t peculi> to wat] pa9t+4 ,a mo/ beautiful olive br[n1 s(t & ri*1 x is admirably adapt$ = autumnal foliage t9ts & ! l1 ei!r alone or comp\nd$ ) burnt ,si5na or cadmium orange4 ,transp>5t & cle> 9 its wa%es1 ?is is a mo/ s]viceable col\r 9 l&scape g5]ally4 #beb4 ,,mix$ ,,br[n c be produc$ 9 endless v>iety1 ei!r by add+ a w>m col\r to black1 su* z yell[1 orange1 or citr9e1 or else by comb9+ ! ?ree prim>ies1 second>ies1 or t]ti>ies 9 suitable proportions4 ,by consult+ ! li/s giv5 ( p]man5t pigm5ts belong+ to ^? classes1 & by ref]r+ to ! *apt] on ,black1 x w be se5 t no difficulty exi/s 9 obta9+ durable mix$ br[ns :5 requir$4 ,= example1 !re may be =m$ f ! prim>ies1 a comp\nd ( aureol91 rose madd]1 & ultram>9e2 or f ! second>ies1 a mixture ( cadmium orange1 viridian1 & madd] purple4 ,( c\rse1 z ) o!r mix$ t9ts1 ! br[n hue c be furni%$ n only by direct comp\nd+ ( ! col\rs on ! palette1 b by lay+ "o col\r ov] ! o!r on ! pap] or canvass1 or by /ippl+4 #bec4 ,,mummy1 ,mummy ,br[n1 or ,egyptian ,br[n1 is a bitum9\s product mix$ ) animal rema9s1 br\ght f ! catacombs ( ,egypt1 :]e liquid bitum5 0 employ$ ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago 9 embalm+4 ,by a sl[ *emical *ange1 x has comb9$ dur+ s _m ages ) sub/ances :i* give x1 z a rule1 a m solid & la/+ texture ?an simple asphaltum4 ,g5]ally resembl+ ! latt] 9 its o!r prop]ties & uses z a pigm5t1 mummy is (t5 sub/itut$ = x1 be+ less liable to crack or move on ! canvass4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t mummy v>ies exce$+ly bo? 9 its composition & qualities2 & z f its v nature & orig9 no?+ c]ta9 c be said ( x1 b little reliance %\ld be plac$ on ?is br[n4 ,mummy belongs to ! class ( pigm5ts :i* are ei!r good or bad1 accord+ z !y turn out4 ,on ! :ole1 we agree ) ! ,am]ican arti/1 :o has be5 m ?an once quot$ 9 ^! pages1 t no?+ is to be ga9$ by sme>+ "o's canvass ) a "p1 p]haps1 ( ! wife ( ,potiph>4 ,) a pref]5ce = mat]ials less frail & ( a m sob] "*1 we likewise hold ) ,b\vi]1 t x is n p>ticul>ly prud5t to employ )\t necessity ^! crumbl$ rema9s ( dead bodies1 :i* mu/ conta9 ammonia & p>ticles ( fat 9 a concrete /ate & s be m or less apt to injure ! col\rs ) :i* !y may be unit$4 ,! use ( mummy is n[ conf9$ to oil1 9 :i*1 says ,mr4 ,c>mi*ael1 a mixture ( mummy & bitum5 w dry & nev] crack4 ,if ?is be ! case1 ! comp\nd w\ld be pref]able to ei!r sep>ate4 #bed4 ,,prussian ,,br[n is an iron oxide1 conta9+ m or less alum9a1 & prep>$ by calc9+ an alum9\s ,prussian blue1 or treat+ an alum9\s f]rocyanide ( p]oxide ( iron ) an alkali4 ,possess+ ! nature & prop]ties ( burnt ,si5na1 x is transp>5t1 p]man5t1 & dries well 9 oil4 ,( an orange hue1 x is nei!r s ri* nor s p[]ful z t pigm5t1 & is bett] employ$ z a glaze ?an 9 body4 #bee4 ,,sepia1 ,liquid ,sepia1 ,seppia1 or ,animal ?iops1 is nam$ aft] ! sepia or cuttle-fi%1 also call$ ! ink-fi%1 f its af=d+ a d>k liquid1 :i* 0 us$ z an ink & pigm5t by ! anci5ts4 ,all ! species ( cuttle-fi% are provid$ ) a d>k-col\r$ fluid1 sometimes q black1 :i* !y emit to obscure ! wat]1 :5 x is want$ to fav\r _! escape f dang]1 or1 by conceal+ _! approa*1 to enable !m ) great] facility to seize _! prey4 ,! liquid consi/s ( a mass ( extremely m9ute c>bonace\s p>ticles1 int]mix$ ) an animal gelat9e or glue1 & is capable ( be+ s widely spread1 ?an an ounce ( x w suffice to d>k5 sev]al ?\s& ounces ( wat]4 ,f ?is liquid1 br\ght *iefly f ! ,adriatic1 b likewise obta9able f our own coa/s1 is d]iv$ ! pigm5t sepia1 z well z1 p>tially1 ! ,indian ink ( ! ,*9ese4 ,sepia is a p[]ful dusky br[n1 ( a f9e texture1 transp>5t1 works admirably 9 wat]1 comb9es cordially ) o!r pigm5ts1 & is v p]man5t4 ,x is mu* us$ z a wat]-col\r1 & = mak+ draw+s 9 ! mann] ( bi/re & ,indian ink2 b is n employ$ 9 oil1 z x dries !re9 v reluctantly4 ,extremely cle> 9 its pale t9ts1 & p]haps ! be/ wa%+ col\r kn[n1 sepia mu/ be us$ ) caution1 or o!rwise heav9ess w be eng5d]$ 9 ! %ades1 s /rong is its col\r+ prop]ty4 ,mix$ ) indigo1 or1 pref]ably1 ,prussian blue & black1 x is eligible = di/ant trees1 = a g5]al %ad[ t9t 9 light backgr\nds1 & = ! %ade ( :ite l95 or :ite drap]ies4 ,) madd] r$ x =ms a f9e hue1 some:at resembl+ br[n madd]1 & ) crimson lake & indigo gives an arti/ically excell5t black4 ,sometimes alone & sometimes 9 comb9ation ) lamp black1 or madd] r$ & ,prussian blue sadd5$ by ! black1 x w be f\nd useful 9 d>k =egr\nd boats1 rocks1 ne> buoys1 sea-we$1 c4 ,comp\nd$ ) aureol91 sepia yields a s]ies ( beautiful & durable neutral gre5s = l&scape2 & mix$ ) ,prussian blue1 af=ds l[ olive gre5s1 :i* may be deep5$ into v cool d>k gre5s by ! addition ( black4 ,= hills & m\nta9s 9 mid-di/ance1 sepia comb9$ ) cobalt & br[n madd] is ( s]vice2 or1 = ! d>k m>k+s & divisions ( /ones 9 brooks & runn+ /reams1 ! same comp\nd )\t ! cobalt4 ,mix$ ) purple madd]1 x furni%es a f9e t9t = ! /ems & bran*es ( trees2 & ) ,fr5* blue & madd] r$ gives a really good black4 ,comp\nds ( sepia & yell[ o*re1 gamboge1 raw ,si5na1 or cobalt & aureol91 are sev]ally useful4 ,a ri* & /rong br[n is =m$ by ! admixture ( madd] r$1 burnt ,si5na1 & sepia2 a t9t :i* may be modifi$ by omitt+ ! sepia or ! ,si5na1 or r$uc+ ! proportions ( ei!r4 ,= ,dut* craft1 ?is t9t & its v>iations are ( great value4 ,a wa% ( sepia ov] gre5 v agreeably subdues ! =ce ( ! col\r4 #bef4 ,,w>m ,,sepia is ! natural sepia w>m$ by mixture ) o!r br[ns ( a r$ hue1 & is int5d$ = draw+s :]e x w\ld be difficult to keep ! :ole "w ( ! same t9t1 unless ! comp\nd 7 made 9 ! cake ( col\r4 #beg4 ,,roman ,,sepia is a prep>ation simil> to ! prec$+1 b ) a yell[ in/ead ( a r$ ca/4 #beh4 ,,v&yke ,,br[n4 ,?is pigm5t1 h>dly less celebrat$ ?an ! great pa9t] ^: "n x be>s1 is a species ( peat or bog-e>? ( a f9e1 deep1 semi-transp>5t br[n col\r4 ,! pigm5t s mu* e/eem$ & us$ by ,v&yke is said to h be5 br\ght f ,cassel2 an ass]tion :i* seems to be ju/ifi$ by a comp>ison ( ,cassel e>? ) ! br[ns ( 8 pictures4 ,gilp9 9 8 ,essays on ,picturesque ,beauty1 rem>ks t ,9 ! tribe ( br[ns--9 oil-pa9t+1 "o ( ! f9e/ e>?s is kn[n1 at ! col\r %ops1 by ! "n ( ,ca/le-e>?1 or ,v&yke's br[n4 ,! ,v&yke br[n ( ! pres5t day is a bitum9\s o*re1 purifi$ by gr9d+ & wa%+ ov]4 ,apt to v>y 9 hue1 x is durable bo? 9 wat] & oil1 b1 l all bitum9\s e>?s1 dries t>dily z a rule 9 ! latt] vehicle4 ,cle> 9 its pale t9ts1 deep & gl[+ 9 %ad[s1 9 wat] x has sometimes ! bad prop]ty ( work+ up3 = ?is reason1 :]e x is necess>y to lay on a great body ( x1 ! moi/ tube col\r %\ld be pref]r$ to ! cake4 ,) madd] r$1 ! br[n gives a f9e t9t1 mo/ useful z a w>m %ad[ col\r2 & ) ,prussian blue1 cle>1 v sob] neutral gre5s = middle di/ances4 ,9 banks & roads1 ,v&yke br[n is ! g5]al col\r = dragg+ ov] ! surface1 to give r\ghness ( texture3 comp\nd$ ) yell[ o*re1 x af=ds a good gr\nd t9t1 & ) purple madd] a ri* %ad[ col\r4 ,9 sunrise & sunset cl\ds1 a mixture ( ! br[n ) cobalt yields a cold neutral gre51 adapt$ = ^? cl\ds at ! greate/ di/ance f ! sun4 ,= foliage t9ts1 aureol91 ,fr5* blue1 & ,v&yke br[n1 w be f\nd ( s]vice2 or z a glaze ov] su* t9ts1 ! yell[ & ! br[n4 ,) raw ,si5na1 br[n madd]1 ,payne's gray1 gamboge1 & ,roman o*re1 ?is br[n is useful4 ,9 a wat]-col\r w9t] sc5e1 :5 ! trees are d5ud$ ( foliage1 ! net "w ( ! small bran*es at ! tops ( !m may be prettily giv5 ) cobalt & ,v&yke br[n1 us$ r dry1 & appli$ ) a bru% hav+ its hairs spread out ei!r by ! f+]s or by draw+ !m ?r\gh a f9e-too? comb be=e work+4 ,grass is likewise repres5t$ readily by ?is means1 & s are small trees on ! summit ( a cliff or 9 l positions4 ,! ,campania ,br[n ( ! old ,italian pa9t]s 0 a simil> e>?4 #bei4 ,,v]ona ,,br[n1 a pigm5t peculi> to oil pa9t+1 is a native f]rug9\s e>?4 ,a citr9e br[n ( great s]vice 9 t5d] drab gre5s1 x =ms ) t]re v]te & ! madd] lakes ri* autumnal t9ts ( mu* beauty & p]man5ce4 #bfj4 ,,yell[ ,,madd]1 ,cory's ,yell[ ,madd]1 or ,cory's ,madd]1 is class$ among ! br[ns = ! same reason t ,italian ,p9k 0 rank$ among ! yell[s4 ,x 0 /at$ 9 ! eigh? *apt] t no true madd] yell[1 brilliant & pure1 exi/s z a pigm5t at ! pres5t day1 & c]ta9ly ?is prep>ation c lay no claim to ! title4 ,except 9 "n1 x is an orange-br[n ( ! burnt ,si5na hue1 & might !re=e ) m reason h be5 call$ ,orange ,madd]4 ,x is a good & p]man5t col\r1 ri* & transp>5t1 at pres5t us$ only 9 oil1 we believe1 & *iefly z a glaze4 99 99 99 99 99 #bfa4 ,cadmium ,br[n4 ,by ignit+ ! :ite c>bonate ( cadmium1 among o!r me?ods1 a c9namon-br[n oxide is obta9able1 ( a v cle> & beautiful col\r if ! process be well conduct$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n eligible z a pigm5t1 ow+ to ! rapidity ) :i* ! oxide is act$ ^u by ! air4 ,9 wat]1 especially1 we h f\nd ?is br[n s eag]ly absorb c>bonic acid f ! atmosph]e z to become 9 a few mon?s once m a c>bonate1 & z purely :ite z be=e4 ,! same result is obs]vable :5 ! p[d] is expos$3 "s %[n at ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb1 on a glass /&1 _h to be remov$1 its label m>k$ ',cadmium ,br[n' be+ at la/ f\nd atta*$ to a sample ( cadmium :ite4 ,9 oil1 ! conv]sion takes place less readily1 t vehicle hav+ ! prop]ty ( protect+1 to "s ext5t1 pigm5ts f oxidation4 ,x is curi\s t ev5 9 a book a wat]-rub ( ! br[n sl[ly b surely *anges to :ite4 #bfb4 ,cate*u ,br[ns4 ,cate*u is an extract ( ! ,khair tree or acacia cate*u ( ,bombay1 ,b5gal1 & o!r p>ts ( ,india4 ,) ! exception ( su* e>?y matt]s z are communicat$ to x dur+ ! prep>ation1 or are add$ purposely z adult]ants1 cate*u is entirely soluble bo? 9 wat] & alcohol4 ,an aque\s solution has a r$di%-br[n col\r1 & gives ! foll[+ results3--protosalts ( iron ?r[n d[n olive-br[n & p]salts gre5i%-br[n precipitates2 salts ( t9 & lead yield br[ni%-yell[ & brick-col\r$ deposits respectively2 :ile acetate ( copp] or bi*romate ( pota% furni%es br[n residues4 ,to our k1 none ( ^! h be5 introduc$ z pigm5ts1 b a br[n prep>$ by ,dr4 ,lyon ,playfair "s ye>s back f ! cate*u b>k has be5 describ$ z exce$+ly ri*1 transp>5t1 & beautiful2 & recomm5d$ = pa9t+ if n too ?9ly appli$4 #bfc4 ,*rome ,br[ns are produc$ by v>i\s me?ods ( sev]al hues1 t9ts1 & %ades1 bo? by wet & dry processes4 ,we h obta9$ !m by _m me?ods1 ( diff]5t degrees ( p]man5ce4 ,"s v int5se 9 col\r h /ood well1 :ile o!rs pal] & m delicate h gradually gre5$1 b none possess$ ! /rict /ability ( ! gre5 oxides4 ,presum+ a paucity ( br[ns1 ^! prep>ations ( *romium w\ld be wor? fur!r att5tion2 b1 ) ! objection ( be+--= br[ns--some:at exp5sive1 !y h ! f> m fatal objection ( n be+ want$4 #bfd4 ,copp] ,br[n1 v>y+ 9 hue1 is obta9able1 9 ! =m ( prussiate1 c41 b _c be recomm5d$1 h[ev] made4 #bfe4 ,fr5* ,prussian-,br[n4 ,accord+ to ,b\vi]1 a col\r simil> to t ( bi/re1 & rivall+ asphaltum 9 transp>5cy1 is produc$ by p>tially *>r+ a mod]ately d>k ,prussian blue2 nei!r "o too int5se1 :i* gives a heavy & opaque br[ni%-r$1 nor "o too alum9\s & bright1 :i* yields a feeble & yell[i% t9t4 ,yield+ to a rapture we _c :olly %>e1 he describes its qualities 9 ! w>me/ t]ms4 ,9 8 op9ion1 x has ! comb9$ advantages ( asphaltum1 mummy1 & raw ,si5na1 )\t _! drawbacks4 ,i _c1 he says1 comm5d too highly ! use ( ?is *>m+ bi/re-t9t3 x is z beautiful & good 9 wat] z 9 oil1 p]fectly transp>5t1 ( a mo/ h>moni\s tone1 & dries bett] ?an any o!r col\r suitable = glaz+4 ,closely resembl+ asphaltum 9 t9t z well z 9 transp>5cy1 ?is br[n is pref]able to x 9 e po9t ( view4 ,z ! col\r is v quickly & easily obta9$1 ! arti/ c judge = himself ( its prop] value4 ,m4 ,b\vi]'s process is1 to place ^u a cle> fire a l>ge iron spoon1 into :i*1 :5 r$ hot1 "s pieces ( ! ,prussian blue are put ab\t ! size ( a small nut3 ^! soon beg9 to crackle1 & ?r[ (f scales 9 proportion z !y gr[ hot4 ,! spoon is !n remov$1 & all[$ to cool3 if suff]$ to rema9 too long on ! fire1 ! "r col\r w n be produc$4 ,:5 ! product is cru%$ small1 "s ( x w be f\nd blacki%1 & ! re/ ( a yell[i% br[n3 ?is is q z x %\ld be4 ,*emically1 ! result is a mixture ( oxide ( iron & p>tly undecompos$ or c>bonis$ prussiate4 #bff4 ,gambogiate ( ,iron4 ,dr4 ,sc(f]n read a pap] at ! ,meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association ( ,sci5ce1 9 #ahea1 describ+ ?is comb9ation z a ri* br[n1 l asphaltum1 b ri*]1 z well z m durable 9 oil4 ,x has n be51 h[ev]1 employ$ z a pigm5t1 or at lea/ is n at pres5t4 #bfg4 ,hypoca/anum1 or ,*e/nut ,br[n1 is a br[n lake prep>$ f ! horse-*e/nut4 ,?is n[ obsolete pigm5t is transp>5t & ri* 9 col\r1 w>m] ?an br[n p9k1 & v durable bo? 9 wat] & oil2 9 ! latt] ( :i* x dries mod]ately well4 #bfh4 ,iron ,br[ns1 native or artificial1 are well repres5t$ on ! palette1 b no?+ w\ld be easi] ?an to increase _! numb]4 ,( all metals1 iron is ! ri*e/ s\rce ( col\r1 capable ( af=d+ all col\rs ) ! exception ( :ite4 ,none ( !m1 h[ev]1 are s num]\s z ! br[ns1 a description ( :i* w\ld fill ?is *apt]4 ,suffice x to /ate !y are obta9able ( e hue1 t9t1 & %ade1 & are g5]ally p]man5t4 ,!y are made on a l>ge scale & sold "u v>i\s names = h\se-pa9t+1 c4 #bfi4 ,manganese ,br[n is an oxide ( manganese1 :i* is q durable bo? 9 wat] & oil1 & dries admirably 9 ! latt]4 ,a f9e1 deep1 semi-opaque br[n ( good body1 x is defici5t 9 transp>5cy1 b might be useful = glaz+ or l[]+ ! tone ( :ite )\t t++ x1 & z a local col\r 9 drap]ies1 c4 #bgj4 ,nickel ,br[n4 ,a v pleas+ yell[i% br[n is obta9able f nickel1 bright & cle> 9 its pale wa%es1 & ( "s ri*ness 9 oil4 ,unless ?or\ghly wa%$1 x has a t5d5cy to gre5ness 9 "t4 #bga4 ,o*re ,br[ns4 ,! slight aff9ity ( sulphur = yell[ o*re1 ) its m]ely tempor>y effect !reon1 0 obs]v$ 9 ! eigh? *apt]1 :]e allusion 0 made to ! action ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 & sulphide ( ammonium on ! e>?4 ,sulphur alone1 & 9 ! dry /ate1 ignit$ ) yell[ or o!r native o*res conv]ts !m into br[ns1 v>y+ 9 hue1 & ( great] or less durability4 ,^? br[ns1 h[ev]1 :i* we h made by ?is process1 al?\gh /&+ well 9 a book1 h n )/ood exposure to light & air4 ,!y h all become pale1 :iti%1 or ( a drab ca/1 evid5tly ?r\gh ! oxidation ( ! sulphur1 or r ! sulphide ( iron =m$ dur+ ! calc9ation4 ,practically1 !re=e1 o*res h an antipa?y to sulphur1 moi/ or dry1 by itself or 9 comb9ation2 & are1 s to speak1 ! dis9fectants ( ! palette4 ,ev] wag+ w> aga9/ sulphur\s vap\rs1 ! native e>?s s]ve to protect a picture f ! damag+ influ5ce ( impure air1 :e!r !y be us$ alone1 or employ$ 9 admixture ) su* pigm5ts z are injur$ !reby4 #bgb4 ,purple ,br[n is a refuse manufacture f ,indian r$ wa%+s4 ,a dull1 heavy1 co>se col\r1 x belongs to ! class ( common pigm5ts :i* are unexceptionable = decorative pa9t+1 b sc>cely suit$ to ! high] bran*es ( art4 ,z ?is "w pr(esses simply to treat ( arti/ic pigm5ts1 t h be51 are1 or might be1 m ?an a pass+ ref]5ce to ^? col\rs exclusively adopt$ by h\se-pa9t]s1 c41 w\ld be out ( place4 #bgc4 ,rub5s' ,br[n1 /ill 9 use 9 ! ,ne!rl&s "u ?is appellation1 is an e>? ( a light] col\r & m o*r\s texture ?an ! ,v&yke br[n ( ,engli% comm]ce3 x is also ( a w>m] or m tawny hue ?an ! latt] pigm5t4 ,beautiful & durable1 x works well bo? 9 wat] & oil1 & mu* resembles ! br[n employ$ by ,t5i]s4 #bgd4 ,uranium ,br[n4 ,yell[1 r$1 orange1 gre51 h be5 previ\sly notic$ z be+ d]iv$ f uranium1 & to ?is li/ ( col\rs may n[ be add$ br[n4 ,a w>m ri* hue ( ! utmo/ int5sity may be produc$1 :i* possesses consid]able p]man5ce1 al?\gh n equal to t ( uranium yell[4 #bge4 ,z9c ,br[n4 ,a yell[-br[n1 s yell[ t x might fairly h be5 class$ ) ! o*r\s col\rs ( t d5om9ation1 is made by comb9+ z9c ) ano!r metal by ! aid ( heat4 ,exp]i5ce tells u t x is1 *emically1 a ?or\ghly good & /able pigm5t4 ,safely to be us$ 9 admixture1 x is a cle>1 bright col\r1 af=d+ good gre5s by comp\nd+ ) blue4 ,( no great p[]1 & semi-opaque1 ?is yell[-br[n or br[n-yell[ is sup]ior to "s ( ! pigm5ts at pres5t us$1 b is probably too mu* l !m 9 hue & o!r prop]ties to be ( any special value4 99 99 99 99 99 ,besides ! prec$+1 !re are ^? br[ns ( a citr9e or russet ca/ :i* are else:]e describ$1 su* z raw umb]1 madd] br[n1 c4 ,moreov]1 !re are numb]less o!r v>ieties1 obta9able f mo/ ( ! metals1 f _m organic sub/ances1 & f a comb9ation ( ! two4 ,( all col\rs1 a 'new' br[n is ! mo/ easily discov]$3 success may n be met ) 9 seek+ a yell[1 r$1 or blue1 or an orange1 gre51 or purple2 b x is /range if 9 ! c\rse ( "o's exp]im5ts a br[n does n turn up4 ,no difficulty1 !re=e1 w\ld h be5 f\nd 9 greatly ext5d+ ! pres5t li/2 b x 0 felt t no advantage c\ld h accru$ by fur!r multiply+ ! notices ( a col\r1 ) :i* we are already furni%$ s abundantly by nature & art1 & :i* is capable ( be+ produc$ 9 su* pr(usion by admixture4 ,) ! exception ( ivory & bone br[ns1 & p]haps ,cassel & ,cologne e>?s1 all ! br[ns commonly employ$ may be consid]$ m or less durable4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,on ,,! ,,semi-,,neutral1 ,,m>rone4 ,we h adopt$ ! t]m ,,m>rone1 or m>oon z x is sometimes call$1 = our second & middle semi-neutral1 z applicable to a class ( impure col\rs compos$ ( black & r$1 black & purple1 or black & russet1 or ( black & any o!r d5om9ation 9 :i* r$ pr$om9ates4 ,x is a mean betwe5 ! w>m1 brok51 semi-neutral br[ns1 & ! cold1 semi-neutral grays4 ,m>rone is practically to %ade1 :at r$ is to light2 & its relations to o!r col\rs are ^? ( r$1 c41 :5 we inv]t ! scale f black to :ite4 ,x is !re=e a foll[+1 or %ad+1 col\r ( r$ & its d]ivatives2 & h5ce its accordances1 contra/s1 & expressions agree ) ^? ( r$ degrad$2 consequ5tly r$ add$ to d>k br[n conv]ts x into m>rone if 9 suffici5t quantity to prevail4 ,9 small] proportions1 r$ gives to light] br[ns ! names ( bay1 *e/nut1 sorrel1 c4 ,ow+ to confus$ nom5clature1 mo/ ( ! col\rs & pigm5ts ( ?is class h be5 assign$ to o!r d5om9ations--puce1 murrey1 morelle1 *ocolate1 columb9e1 pavonazzo1 c41 be+ v>i\sly rank$ among r$s1 br[ns1 & purples4 ,?is vagu5ess also acc\nts = pigm5ts hav+ be5 rang$ "u heads n suit$ to ! names !y be>1 & expla9s :y ,br[n ,o*re has be5 class$ among ! yell[s1 ,italian ,p9k among ! same1 ,br[n ,p9k among ! citr9es1 c4 ,z adapt$ to ! walls ( a picture gall]y1 m>rone1 m or less deep & incl9$ to crimson1 is "o ( ! be/ col\rs kn[n4 ,= ! reason t ea* col\r has its antagoni/1 & consequ5tly may affect a picture well or ill1 accord+ to its tone or g5]al hue1 !re c be no univ]sally good col\r = su* a purpose4 ,:at suits "o picture or /yle ( pa9t+ may n suit ano!r3 ) a blood-r$ sunset1 = in/ance1 or portrait ) crimson drap]y1 m>rone w\ld be out ( place4 ,b z x is impossible to provide ea* picture ) a sep>ate backgr\nd1 all t c be done 9 l>ge collections is to /udy ! g5]al effect1 sacrific+ ! int]e/s ( ! few to ! good ( ! _m4 ,if cool-col\r$ l&scapes pr$om9ate1 ) blue skies & gre5 foliage1 x w be f\nd t ! orange-yell[ ( ! frames agreeably contra/s ! =m]1 & ! crimson-m>rone ( walls z agreeably sets (f ! latt]4 ,if portraits & hi/oric pa9t+s prevail1 :i* are 9 g5]al ( a w>m advanc+ nature1 !n a mode/ gre5 may prove eligible4 ,& if engrav+s =m ! /aple1 ! grey hue ( ! pr9t is be/ oppos$ by a bright fawn col\r4 ,:]e sev]al rooms are devot$ to pictures1 a suitable wall col\r is mo/ easily secur$ by classify+ ! pa9t+s z f> z possible accord+ to _! g5]al hue1 & plac+ !m 9 diff]5t *amb]s3 9 ea* !re w be a prevail+ "* 9 ! col\r+ ( its pictures1 & ea* c be pa9t$ or pap]$ accord+ly4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r ?is plan is adopt$ or n--& x may be object$ to z involv+ a c]ta9 monotony--c>e %\ld be tak5 to h a wall col\r ( "s sort or o!r1 t is1 to let x be se54 ,pictures cramm$ toge!r kill ea* o!r3 )\t a p9's po9t betwe5 !m1 a speck ( wall space visible1 mu* ( ! illusion is de/roy$4 ,x is only1 says ,*evreul1 ! intellig5t connoisseur & amateur :o1 on see+ a picture exhibit$ 9 a gall]y1 exp]i5ce all ! effect :i* ! arti/ has wi%$ to produce2 because !y alone "k ! be/ po9t ( view1 & because1 :ile _! att5tion is fix$ on ! "w !y are obs]v+1 !y alone end by no long] see+ ! surr\nd+ pictures1 or ev5 ! frame ( t "o !y contemplate4 ,amid a mov+ cr[d ( p1 insep>able f ne>ly all public exhibitions1 x becomes difficult = ! visitor1 intellig5t or o!rwise1 ?us to conc5trate 8 att5tion on "o "w4 ,z f>1 !re=e1 z space w all[1 pa9t+s %\ld be kept sep>ate3 l>g] rooms1 or few] pictures1 are :at is want$4,b ,f ?is digression1 p>donable1 let u hope1 because 9 ! int]e/s ( art1 we w pass on to a consid]ation ( m>rone pigm5ts4 #bgf4 ,,br[n ,,madd] is an exce$+ly ri* m>rone or russet-m>rone br[n1 be>+ ! same relation to ! col\r m>rone t raw umb] be>s to ! col\r citr9e4 ,"o ( ! mo/ valuable products ( ! madd] root1 x has suppli$ a great desid]atum1 & 9 wat] especially is indisp5sable1 bo? z a local & auxili>y col\r4 ,( int5se dep? & transp>5cy1 if made ) skill1 x af=ds ! ri*e/ description ( %ad[s1 ei!r alone or comp\nd$ ) blue1 & ! mo/ delicate pale t9ts4 ,be+ q p]man5t1 a good dri]1 & work+ mo/ k9dly1 x is a pigm5t :i* _c be too /rongly recomm5d$ to ! l&scape pa9t]'s notice4 ,conta9+ a l>ge proportion ( r$1 x is eligible1 ) yell[ or blue1 = mix$ orange or mix$ purple ( a subdu$ tone4 ,x may be us$ tol[] r$ curta9s or drap]ies1 & = ! d>ke/ t\*es 9 fle%4 ,mix$ ) cobalt1 x =ms a f9e %ad[ col\r = di/ant objects2 & ) indigo or ,prussian blue & black1 is s]viceable = ! %ades ( ^? ne>] ! =egr\nd4 ,x is simil>ly useful :5 mix$ ) black1 & w be f\nd advantage\s 9 ru/y iron1 z an*ors1 *a9s1 c4 ,= ! deepe/ & ri*e/ p>ts ( =egr\nds x may be employ$ alone1 z also = deep d>k cracks & fissures1 or /rong m>k+s 9 o!r ne> objects1 z boats & figures4 ,) ,fr5* blue1 or cobalt & :ite1 a set ( beautiful w>m or cold grays may be obta9$1 9 proportion z ! br[n or blue pr$om9ates4 ,comp\nd$ ) blues & bright yell[s su* z aureol91 x gives f9e autumnal russet gre5s4 ,a good purple = s(t a]ial cl\ds is furni%$ by cobalt & br[n madd]1 or = /ormy cl\ds by ! br[n1 ,prussian blue1 & black3 an equally good slate col\r is obta9$ f cobalt1 sepia1 & ! br[n4 ,= glaz+ ov] foliage & h]bage1 a mixture ( ! madd] ) aureol9 or gamboge is adapt$2 & = brooks & runn+ /reams comp\nds ( ?is br[n ) raw ,si5na1 cobalt & raw ,si5na1 ,v&yke br[n1 & ,fr5* blue1 w ea* be f\nd useful4 ,black sails are well repres5t$ by burnt ,si5na1 ,fr5* blue1 & br[n madd]2 & r$ sails by light r$ or burnt ,si5na ) ! br[n4 #bgg4 ,,mix$ ,,m>rone4 ,m>rone is a retir+ col\r easily comp\nd$ 9 all its hues & %ades by ! mixture v>i\sly ( r$1 & black or br[n2 or ( any o!r w>m col\rs 9 :i* r$ & black pr$om9ate4 ,a ref]5ce to ! p]man5t br[n1 black1 & r$ or r$di% pigm5ts w %[ to :at ext5t ! col\r m>rone may safely be produc$ by admixture4 ,9 comp\nd+ m>rone1 ! br[n or black may be itself comp\nd$1 be=e ! addition ( ! r$1 r$di%-purple1 or russet1 requisite = its conv]sion4 99 99 99 99 99 #bgh4 ,*ica ,m>rone4 ,*ica1 ! r$ col\r+ pr9ciple allud$ to 9 ! n9? *apt]1 is extract$ f ! ,bignonia *ica1 by boil+ its leaves 9 wat]1 decant+ ! decoction1 & all[+ x to cool1 :5 a r$ matt] falls d[n1 :i* is =m$ into cakes & dri$4 ,insoluble 9 cold wat]1 x dissolves 9 alcohol & alkalies2 is precipitat$ f alkal9e solutions by acids )\t alt]ation2 & is blea*$ by *lor9e4 ,ano!r v>iety ( ! same sub/ance1 obta9$ f ,p>a 9 ,brazil1 & kn[n z crajuru1 c>ajuru1 or c>acuru1 behaves 9 a simil> mann]4 ,?is is said to be sup]ior to ! =m] sort4 ,a *ica pigm5t1 br\ght f ,s\? ,am]ica1 & exam9$ by ! au?or1 0 ( a s(t p[d]y texture1 & ri* m>rone col\r4 ,some:at resembl+ ,rub5s' madd] 9 hue1 x 0 equal 9 body & transp>5cy to ! c>m9e ( co*9eal1 ?\gh by no means approa*+ x 9 beauty1 or ev5 9 durability4 ,simply expos$ to ! light ( a w9d[1 )\t sun1 ! col\r 0 soon *ang$ & de/roy$4 ,conclusive evid5ce z ?is is t ! sample submitt$ to ,mr4 ,field 0 wor?less1 x rema9s to be se5 :e!r all ! col\rs to be d]iv$ f *ica1 by diff]5t modes & f diff]5t k9ds1 are equally valueless z pigm5ts4 #bgi4 ,*ocolate ,lead1 or ,m>rone ,r$1 is a pigm5t prep>$ by calc9+ oxide ( lead ) ab\t a ?ird ( copp] oxide1 & r$uc+ ! comp\nd to a uni=m t9t by levigation4 ,x is ( a *ocolate hue1 /rong opaque body1 & dries freely4 ,l all lead & copp] col\rs1 x is black5$ by impure air4 #bhj4 ,cobalt ,m>rone4 ,!re is obta9able f cobalt a v ri* m>rone br[n1 :i*1 l _m o!r col\rs1 is m beautiful :ile moi/ ?an :5 dri$4 ,p]man5t1 if c>efully made & mo/ ?or\ghly wa%$1 x is an exp5sive comp\nd1 & mu/ rank among ^? col\rs :i* are int]e/+ 9 ! laboratory b sup]flu\s 9 ! /udio4 #bha4 ,madd] ,m>rone1 or ,m>rone ,lake1 0 a prep>ation ( madd]1 ( great dep?1 transp>5cy1 & /ability4 ,work+ well 9 wat]1 glaz+ & dry+ 9 oil1 & 9 e respect a good pigm5t1 x 0 "o ( ^? col\rs :i* gradually--& (t51 z 9 ?is case1 un=tunately--become obsolete1 on acc\nt ( _! hues be+ easily giv5 by admixture ( o!r pigm5ts4 ,!re 0 likewise a deep] k9d1 call$ ,purple ,black4 ,a good madd] m>rone may be produc$ by add+ to br[n madd] ei!r rose madd]1 madd] c>m9e1 or ,rub5s' madd]1 ) a slight portion ( black or blue if requir$4 #bhb4 ,m>s ,m>rone4 ,"u ! head+ ( a ,new ,m>rone ,pigm5t !re appe>$ "s mon?s back 9 a *emical j\rnal ! foll[+3--,! blood-r$ comp\nd obta9$ by add+ a soluble sulphocyanide to a salt ( iron 9 solution c be made 7app>5tly at lea/7 to comb9e ) res9 ?us3 ,to a conc5trat$ solution ( sesqui*loride ( iron & sulphocyanide ( potassium 9 e!r1 an e!rial solution ( common res9 is add$1 & ! :ole well %ak5 toge!r4 ,!re is !n mix$ ) x a suffici5cy ( wat] to cause a precipitate1 :5 x w be f\nd1 aft] ! mixture has /ood a few h\rs1 t ! :ole or ne>ly ! :ole ( ! r$-col\r$ iron comp\nd has unit$ ) ! precipitat$ res91 =m+ ! m>rone-col\r$ pigm5t 9 "q4 ,:5 ?is col\r$ sub/ance is f9ely p[d]$ & mix$ ) wat]1 ! liquid is n ! lea/ col\r$2 :5ce x is inf]r$ t ! r$ iron comp\nd has *emically unit$ itself ) ! res94 ,! =ego+ acc\nt is r to be reg>d$ z ( sci5tific int]e/ ?an ( practical utility4 ,! blood-r$ solution ( sulphocyanide ( iron is 9 itself n /able3 :5 ! r$ solution ( ?is salt is s expos$ to ! sun1 t ! rays pass ?r\gh ! glass j> conta9+ x1 x is r5d]$ col\rless1 b ! col\r is reta9$ or re/or$ :5 ! rays pass directly f ! air into ! fluid2 s t :5 a prop]ly dilut$ solution is plac$ 9 a cyl9drical glass vessel 9 direct sun%9e1 x loses col\r 9 ! morn+ till ab\t elev5 9 ! =5oon1 :5 ! rays beg9n+ to fall ^u ! surface expos$ to ! air1 gradually re/ore ! col\r1 :i* atta9s its maximum ab\t two o'clock4 ,moreov]1 ! solution is imm$iately decol\ris$ by sulphurett$ hydrog5 & o!r deoxidiz+ ag5ts1 z well z by alkalies & _m acids4 ,x is sc>cely probable t ! union ( ! r$ col\r+ matt] ) ! res9 w\ld suffice to secure x f *ange2 & !re is little d\bt t ! new m>rone pigm5t w\ld be a *ameleon col\r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,failures 9 ! process ( burn+ c>m9es1 & prep>+ ! purple ( gold1 frequ5tly af=d good m>rones4 ,comp\nds m or less ( t hue are likewise furni%$ by copp]1 m]cury1 c4 ,"s o*res incl9e to m>rone :5 calc9$3 inde$ we h rem>k$ 9 _m in/ances t ! action ( fire anticipates ! effects ( long cont9u$ "t2 & t sev]al ( ! prim>y & second>y col\rs may1 by diff]5t degrees ( burn+1 be conv]t$ into _! analog\s second>y1 t]ti>y1 or semi-neutral col\rs4 ,! "o m>rone or br[n-m>rone pigm5t at pres5t employ$1 br[n madd]1 is p]man5t4 ,,footnotes3 ,b ,?is 0 writt5 previ\s to ! op5+ ( ! new rooms ( ! ,royal ,academy at ,burl+ton ,h\se4 ,9 ^!1 among o!r improvem5ts1 ! subject ( wall space has be5 consid]$4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,on ,,! ,,semi-,,neutral1 ,,gray4 ,( ! tribe ( semi-neutral col\rs1 ,,gray is ?ird & la/1 be+ ne>e/ 9 relation to black4 ,9 its common acceptation1 & t 9 :i* we "h use x1 gray1 z 0 obs]v$ 9 ! ?ird *apt]1 d5otes a class ( cool c9]e\s col\rs fa9t ( hue2 :5ce we h blue grays1 olive grays1 gre5 grays1 purple grays1 & grays ( all hues1 9 :i* blue pr$om9ates2 b no yell[ or r$ grays1 ! preval5ce ( su* hues c>ry+ ! comp\nds into ! classes ( br[n & m>rone1 ( :i* gray is ! natural opposite4 ,9 ?is s5se ! semi-neutral ,gray is di/+ui%$ f ! neutral ,grey1 :i* spr+s 9 an inf9ite s]ies f ! mixture ( ! neutral black & :ite4 ,betwe5 gray & grey1 h[ev]1 !re is no int]m$iate1 s9ce :]e col\r ends 9 ! "o1 neutrality comm5ces 9 ! o!r1 & vice v]s4 ,h5ce ! natural alliance ( ! semi-neutral gray--def9able z a cool col\r$ grey--) black or %ade2 an alliance :i* is /r5g!n$ by ! lat5t pr$om9ance ( blue 9 ! syn!sis ( black1 s t 9 ! t9ts result+ f ! mixture ( black & :ite1 s mu* ( t hue is develop$ z to give app>5t col\r to ! t9ts4 ,?is expla9s :y ! t9ts ( black & d>k pigm5ts are cold] ?an _! orig9als1 s mu* s z 9 "s in/ances to answ] ! purposes ( positive col\rs4 ,x acc\nts 9 "s measure = ! natural blu5ess ( ! sky1 yet n :olly1 = ?is is 9 "p dep5d5t1 by contra/1 ^u ! w>m col\r ( sun%9e to :i* x is oppos$2 =1 if by any accid5t ! light ( nature %\ld be r5d]$ r$1 ! col\r ( ! sky w\ld n appe> purple1 9 consequ5ce1 b gre54 ,aga91 if ! sun %one gre51 ! sky w\ld n be gre51 b r$ incl9$ to purple2 & s w\ld x be ) all col\rs1 n accord+ to ! laws ( composition1 b ( contra/2 s9ce1 if x 7 o!rwise1 ! gold5 rays ( ! sun w\ld r5d] a blue sky gre54 ,! grays are ! natural cold correlatives1 or contra/s1 ( ! w>m semi-neutral br[ns1 z well z degradations ( blue & its allies4 ,h5ce blue add$ to br[n ?r[s x into or t[>d ! class ( grays1 & h5ce grays are equally abundant 9 nature & necess>y 9 art3 9 bo? !y compreh5d a widely diffus$ & beautiful play ( retir+ col\rs 9 skies1 di/ances1 c>nations1 & ! %ad[+s & reflections ( pure light1 c4 ,gray is1 inde$1 ! col\r ( space1 & has !re=e ! prop]ty ( diffus+ bread? 9 a picture1 :ile x furni%es at ! same "t good connect+ t9ts1 or m$ia1 = h>moniz+ ! g5]al col\r+4 ,consequ5tly ! grays are among ! mo/ ess5tial hues ( ! art1 ?\gh !y mu/ n be suff]$ to pr$om9ate :]e ! subject or s5tim5t does n require x1 le/ !y ca/ ov] ! pa9t+ t gloom or lead5 dulness reprobat$ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds2 yet 9 solemn works !y are wond]fully effective1 & prop] rul+ col\rs4 ,nature supplies ^! hues f ! sky abundantly & effectively ?r\gh\t l&scape1 & ,rub5s has employ$ !m z g5]ally to correct & give value to 8 col\r+1 ) f9e natural p]ception 9 ?is bran* ( 8 art3 witness 8 works 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 & 9 t ( ! ,luxemb\rg4 ,accord+ to ! =ego+ relations1 grays fav\r ! effects & =ce ( w>m col\rs1 :i* 9 _! turn also give value to grays4 ,x is h5ce t ! t5d] gray di/ances ( a l&scape are assi/$1 enliv5$1 & kept 9 place by w>m & =cible col\r+ 9 ! =egr\nd1 gradually connect$ ?r\gh int]m$iate objects & middle di/ances by demi-t9ts decl9+ into gray2 a union :i* secures full value to ! col\rs & objects1 & by reconcil+ opposites gives repose to ! eye4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x may be inf]r$ t half ( a picture %\ld be ( a neutral hue1 to ensure ! h>mony ( ! col\r+2 or at lea/ t a balance ( col\r & neutrality is q z ess5tial to ! be/ effect ( a pa9t+ z a l balance ( light & %ade4 #bhc4 ,,m9]al ,,gray1 or ,m9]al ,grey1 z x is (t5 improp]ly spelt1 is obta9able f ! lapis lazuli1 aft] ! blue & a% h be5 work$ out4 ,s d]iv$1 x is a refuse article1 wor?less if ! /one has be5 skilfully exhau/$ ( its ultram>9e4 ,z ?is is n[ g5]ally ! case1 ! be/ m9]al gray is no long] a wa/e product1 b a l[] species ( a%1 a pale :iti% blue ) a grey ca/4 ,possess+ ! p]man5ce ( ultram>9e1 x may be reg>d$ 9 col\r z a v weak v>iety ( t blue1 dilut$ ) a l>ge quantity ( :ite slightly t+$ by black4 ,a pigm5t peculi> to oil pa9t+1 x is admirably adapt$ to t gray semi-neutrality1 ! preval5ce ( :i* 9 nature has be5 j rem>k$4 ,= mi/y morn+s1 cl\dy skies1 & ! l1 ?is gray w be f\nd useful4 #bhd4 ,,mix$ ,,gray is =m$ by comp\nd+ black & blue1 black & purple1 black & olive1 c42 & is likewise produc$ by add+ blue 9 excess to madd] br[n1 sepia1 c41 transp>5t mixtures :i* are mu* employ$4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! semi-neutrals1 l ! second>ies & t]ti>ies1 may be s comp\nd$ z to be p]man5t1 semi-/able1 or fugitive4 ,! due remembrance ( ?is _c be too /rongly insi/$ ^u1 see+ t 9 e picture ! br[ns & grays are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,^! x is t l5d su* *>m to ! :ole1 fl[+1 z x 71 l a quiet "u-curr5t ( col\r b5ea? ! tr\bl$ surface ( m decid$ hues4 ,9 ! "w ( e true arti/--betwe5 :om & ! m]e pa9t] !re is z mu* diff]5ce z betwe5 ! poet & ! poeta/]--!re is s5tim5t z well z col\r1 :e!r ! subject be an excit+ battle-sc5e or a bit ( /ill life4 ,?is s5tim5t1 z /rongly felt z ! col\r is cle>ly se51 is imp>t$ 9 no small degree by ! skilful use ( semi-neutrality1 ! comp\nd+ ( :i*1 z "t goes on1 w !re=e affect a picture = good or = evil4 ,subjo9$ is an analysis ( ! ?ree semi-neutrals1 :i* s]ves p>tly to %[ 9 :at great v>iety !y may be obta9$ by admixture4 ,br[n ,black ,yell[ ,orange ,r$1 ,purple1 c4 ,citr9e #b ,yell[ ,r$ ,blue #b ,orange ,gre5 ,purple #b ,citr9e ,russet ,olive ,m>rone ,black ,r$ ,purple-r$ ,russet #b ,r$ #b ,purple-r$ ,d>k ,br[n or ,black #b ,russet ,gray ,black ,blue ,purple-blue #b ,:ite ,olive #b ,blue #b ,purple-blue ,light ,br[n1 or ,black #b ,:ite #b ,olive ,9 ! la/ division1 ! ,:ite has be5 add$ to rem9d ! read] t grays are col\r$ greys1 n col\r$ blacks2 & are !re=e fa9t ( hue4 ,?is pal5ess1 h[ev]1 ne$ n necess>ily be produc$ by admixture ) :ite3 x c be ga9$ by means ( ?9 wa%es4 ,z a pigm5t1 gray may be to all appe>ance black 9 bulk4 #bhe4 ,,neutral ,,t9t1 or1 m correctly1 ,semi-,neutral ,t9t1 is a comp\nd %ad[ col\r ( a cool "*4 ,x is p]man5t1 except t on exposure ! gray is apt to become grey1 a *ange :i* may be prev5t$ by a slight addition ( ultram>9e a%4 ,s protect$1 x becomes s]viceable 9 l&scape = ! extreme di/ance1 :i*1 x may be laid d[n z a g5]al pr9ciple1 %\ld be pa9t$ r cold ?an o!rwise4 ,blue be+ ! pr9cipal comp\nd ( atmosph]e1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance to obta9 ?is 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 p>ticul>ly z1 f its be+ only ( a blue t9t1 n blue col\r1 x is s imm$iately alt]$ & act$ ^u by subsequ5t wa%es2 :]eas1 ! blue tone once lo/1 x w be f\nd v difficult to be recov]$4 ,:]ev] a picture is want+ 9 air effect1 ! cause w1 ^u exam9ation1 be se5 to re/ entirely ^u ! abs5ce ( pure grays1 bord]+ ^u a blui% tone1 n t5d+1 be x obs]v$1 to br[n or purple4 ,a blui% gray1 !n1 ( r a cold tone1 su* z ! neutral t9t1 is recomm5d$ z ! prevail+ hue ) :i* to beg9 ! extreme di/ances2 &1 z a rule1 x is bett] to pass ) ?is ov] z mu* ( ! l&scape z possible1 & ?us lay ! f\ndation = a g5]al atmosph]e4 #bhf4 ,,payne',s ,,gray resembles ! prec$+ 9 be+ a comp\nd col\r & liable to assume a grey ca/ by "t1 b diff]s f x 9 hav+ m lilac 9 its hue1 & be+ !re=e ( a w>m] tone4 ,giv+ by itself a cle> violet %ad[1 x may be r5d]$ m neutral by a small portion ( burnt ,si5na1 an admixture :i*1 :e!r ! gray or ,si5na pr$om9ates1 af=ds useful t9ts4 ,comp\nd$ ) light r$ or ,v&yke br[n1 ! gray is good = %ipp+ & sails1 or ! /ems & bran*es ( trees2 :ile ) gamboge or aureol9 x is suit$ to glossy leaves 9 high light1 also to v cold tones 9 =egr\nds1 h]bage1 c4 ,yell[ o*re1 light r$1 & ,payne's gray =m a mixture = banks & roads2 ! o*re1 gray1 & sepia1 a mo/ beautiful t9t = /ones2 & br[n madd] & ! gray1 a f9e %ade = ! black head & feet ( cattle4 ,alone1 ! gray is s]viceable = slate2 & comp\nd$ ) light r$1 = bricks or tiles 9 %ad[4 #bhg4 ,,ultram>9e ,,a% is obta9$ f ! /one aft] ! ri*] & m int5se blue has be5 extract$4 ,al?\gh n equal 9 beauty1 & inf]ior 9 /r5g? ( col\r to ultram>9e1 x is a valuable bye-product v>y+ 9 %ade f light to d>k1 & 9 hue f pale azure to cold blue4 ,) a grey ca/1 x af=ds delicate & extremely t5d] t9ts1 n s positive z ultram>9e1 b :i*1 z wat]-col\rs1 wa% mu* bett]4 ,x furni%es grays s(t]1 pur]1 & m suit$ to ! pe>ly t9ts ( fle%1 skies1 di/ances1 foliage1 %ad[s ( drap]y1 c4 ?an ^? compos$ ( o!r blues1 ) :ite & black1 :i* ! old ma/]s 7 wont to employ4 ,ultram>9e1 h[ev]1 produces ! same effects :5 brok5 ) black & :ite1 & is ?us sometimes c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! col\r+ ( a picture4 ,! a%1 comp\nd$ ) lamp black1 gives a s(t cold gray = d>k l\r+ cl\ds1 or = twilight away f ! sun's influ5ce4 ,alone x is adapt$ to v remote hills or m\nta9s1 & ) ori5t yell[ or aureol9 to di/ant foliage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! native phosphate ( iron1 :i* has be5 already describ$ 9 ! t5? *apt] "u its "n ( ,blue ,o*re1 might h be5 class$ among ! grays1 be+ simil> 9 col\r to ! deep] hues ( ultram>9e a%es4 ,p[d]$ slate1 slate clays1 & sev]al native e>?s1 likewise rank ) grays2 b "s ( ! e>?s we h tri$ are n durable1 be+ apt to become br[n by ! oxidation ( ! iron !y conta94 ,x may be prop] "h to m5tion ^? o!r pigm5ts1 kn[n z t9ts1 :i*1 be+ ! result ( ! exp]i5ce ( accr$it$ ma/]s 9 _! peculi> modes ( practice1 s]ve to facilitate ! progress ( _! amateur pupils1 :ile !y are m or less eligible = arti/s4 ,su* are ,h>d+'s & ,macph]son's ,t9ts1 compos$ ( pigm5ts :i* associate cordially1 & sold ready prep>$ 9 cakes & boxes = m9iature & wat] pa9t+4 ,( ! f\r grays 9 use--m9]al gray1 ultram>9e a%1 neutral t9t1 & ,payne's gray--! two fir/ are q un*angeable1 & ! o!rs suffici5tly /able to be class$ z p]man5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,on ,,! ,,neutral1 ,,grey4 ,grey is ! second & int]m$iate ( ! neutral col\rs1 /&+ betwe5 :ite & black4 ,true or normal grey is only obta9able by admixture ( pure :ite ) pure black1 v>i\s proportions ( :i* af=d num]\s tones ( pure grey4 ,9 practice x may likewise be produc$ by a ?9 wa% ( black ov] :ite4 ,! neutral grey diff]s f ! semi-neutral gray 9 n be+ col\r$ by any prim>y1 second>y1 t]ti>y1 or semi-neutral2 h5ce any blue1 purple1 olive1 or gray add$ to x1 at once de/roys ! neutrality ( grey1 & conv]ts x into gray4 ,?us easily defil$ & *ang$ 9 class1 grey is r a !oretical ?an a practical col\r4 ,to our k1 !re has nev] be5 a true grey pigm5t1 t is1 "o compos$ exclusively ( pure :ite & pure black2 ! grays kn[n to ! palette z ,m9]al ,grey & ,payne's ,grey hav+ be5 incorrectly nam$4 ,practically1 ! ne>e/ approa* to a normal grey is furni%$ by ,black ,lead1 :i* =ms grey t9ts ( great] p]man5ce & purity ?an ! blacks 9 g5]al use1 & is n[ employ$ = ?is purpose ) approv$ satisfaction by exp]i5c$ arti/s4 ,be+ comp\nd$ ( :ite & black1 grey p>takes 9 "s measure ( ! qualities ( bo? ^? col\rs--= col\rs1 z a matt] ( conv5i5ce1 !y mu/ be call$2 al?\gh :ite is (t5 spok5 ( z no col\r1 & black z ! complete ext9ction ( all col\r4 ,) :ite pr$om9ant1 grey is us$1 pure or col\r$1 = ! g5]al lights ( a picture2 j z1 ) black pr$om9ant1 grey is employ$1 pure or col\r$1 = ! %ades4 ,x helps to subdue ! absolute :ite1 & to make ! absolute black conspicu\s4 ,black & :ite are 9 "s respects complem5t>y to ea* o!r1 & :5 9 contact1 appe> to diff] m f ea* o!r ?an :5 view$ sep>ately3 bo? %[ ) be/ effect :5 h>monis$ by a m$ium ( grey1 normal or o!rwise4 ,! prim>y col\rs1 also1 ga9 9 brilliancy & purity by ! proximity ( grey4 ,) d>k col\rs1 su* z blue & violet1 & deep tones 9 g5]al1 grey =ms assortm5ts ( analog\s h>monies2 :ile ) ! lum9\s col\rs1 su* z r$1 orange1 yell[1 & ! light t9ts ( gre51 x =ms h>monies ( contra/4 ,al?\gh grey nev] produces a bad effect 9 its assortm5ts ) two lum9\s col\rs1 9 mo/ cases ! association is dull & inf]ior to black & :ite4 ,! only in/ance 9 :i* grey associates ) two su* col\rs m happily ?an :ite is t ) r$ & orange4 ,grey is inf]ior to bo? :ite & black ) r$ & gre51 r$ & yell[1 orange & yell[1 orange & gre51 yell[ & gre52 & is n s good z :ite ) yell[ & blue4 ,9 association ) sombre col\rs1 su* z blue & violet1 & ) brok5 tones ( lum9\s col\rs1 grey gives rise to h>monies ( analogy :i* h n ! vig\r ( ^? ) :ite2 b if ! col\rs d n comb9e well toge!r1 x has ! advantage ( sep>at+ !m f ea* o!r4 ,associat$ ) two col\rs1 "o sombre1 ! o!r lum9\s1 grey w p]haps be bett] ?an :ite1 if :ite produces too /rong a contra/ ( tone3 on ! o!r h&1 grey w be pref]able to black1 if t has ! inconv5i5ce ( increas+ too mu* ! proportion ( sombre col\rs4 ,grey associates m happily ?an black ) orange & violet1 gre5 & blue1 or gre5 & violet4 #bhh4 ,,mix$ ,,grey4 ,:5 a ray ( sol> light 7a sunbeam7 is pass$ ?r\gh a prism ( fl9t glass1 & ! image or 'prismatic spectrum' receiv$ ^u a scre5 ( :ite pap]1 x is f\nd to consi/ ( num]\s rays ( diff]5t col\rs1 :i* are conv5i5tly divid$ into six gr\ps--r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 violet4 ,optically1 ! union ( r$1 yell[1 & blue1 9 prop] proportions1 con/itutes :ite light2 :e!r ! rays ( ! ?ree sep>ate col\rs are mix$1 or ( "o ) ! o!r two 9 comb9ation3 ! same result ensues :5 r$ is mix$ ) gre5 z if x 7 mix$ ) blue & yell[1 because gre5 is compos$ ( blue & yell[4 ,consequ5tly1 any prim>y mix$ ) a second>y compos$ ( ! o!r two prim>ies1 =ms ! complem5t ( rays necess>y to con/itute or make up :ite light1 & vice v]s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a v great diff]5ce betwe5 ! results aris+ f ! mixture ( ! pure col\r$ rays ( ! spectrum1 & ^? f mat]ial col\rs or pigm5ts4 ,:51 by means ( a convex l5s1 we reunite ! col\r$ rays ( ! spectrum :ite light is reproduc$2 b :5 we mix col\r$ mat]ials1 blues1 yell[s1 & r$s1 ! comp\nd is nev] :ite1 b grey or black2 ev5 if ^! col\r$ pigm5ts are tak5 9 ! exact proportions 9 :i* _! col\rs exi/ 9 ! spectrum4 ,ultram>9e1 our pure/ blue1 reflects r$ rays z well z blue rays2 aureol91 our pure/ yell[1 reflects blue z well z yell[ rays2 & c>m9e reflects yell[ z well z r$ rays4 ,n[ :5ev] ! ?ird prim>y col\r is pres5t 9 any mixture ( col\r$ mat]ials1 x t5ds to =m grey1 by mix+ ) a suffici5t quantity ( ! o!r col\r$ rays to neutralize x1 & ! pres5ce ( ?is grey breaks or t>ni%es ! pure col\r4 ,h5ce x is t to obta9 a pure gre51 a blue %\ld be tak5 t+$ ) yell[ r ?an ) r$1 & a yell[ t+$ ) blue3 if !re 7 *os5 ei!r a blue or a yell[ t+$ ) r$1 ?is latt] col\r w\ld g to =m "s grey 9 ! comp\nd1 :i* w\ld t>ni% ! gre54 ,9 l mann]1 to produce pure orange1 nei!r ! r$ nor ! yell[ mu/ conta9 blue2 & simil>ly ) pure purple1 nei!r ! blue nor r$ %\ld conta9 yell[4 ,z reg>ds pigm5ts1 !n1 a prop] mixture ( yell[1 r$1 & blue2 or ( yell[ & purple1 r$ & gre51 or blue & orange2 or ( orange1 gre51 & purple1 af=ds black if suffici5tly int5se1 & grey if suffici5tly dilut$4 ,! black may be r5d]$ grey by spread+ a ?9 wa% ov] a :ite gr\nd1 or by ! direct addition ( :ite4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t suitable proportions ( ! compon5t col\rs are ess5tial4 ,:5 all ?ree ( ! prim>ies1 = example1 are mix$ toge!r1 col\r is neutralis$ accord+ z !y are comp\nd$ ( equal /r5g? & 9 "r quantities3 if prop] proportions are obs]v$1 pure black or normal grey results2 b if n1 !re w be produc$ a col\r$ black or a col\r$ grey1 an excess ( "o or two ( ! prim>ies giv+ rise to br[n1 m>rone1 or gray4 ,a ref]5ce to ! li/s ( p]man5t prim>y & second>y pigm5ts w %[ to :at ext5t durable greys c be comp\nd$4 ,z ^! pigm5ts diff] s widely 9 hue & o!r prop]ties1 no fix$ rules c be giv5 = _! admixture3 to ensure neutrality1 practice & a correct eye are indisp5sable4 ,)\t p]fect neutrality1 difficult to atta9 & r>ely to be met )1 grey ceases to exi/4 ,9 pure :ite1 pure grey1 & pure black1 col\r is1 s to speak1 conspicu\s by its abs5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,on ,,! ,,neutral1 ,,black4 ,black is ! la/ & l[e/ 9 ! s]ies or scale ( col\rs desc5d+--! opposite extreme f :ite--! maximum ( col\r4 ,to be p]fect1 x mu/ be neutral ) respect to col\rs individually1 & absolutely transp>5t1 or de/itute ( reflective p[] z reg>ds light2 its use 9 pa9t+ be+ to repres5t %ade or dep?s1 ( :i* black is ! elem5t 9 a picture & 9 col\rs1 z :ite is ( light4 ,z !re is no p]fectly pure & transp>5t black pigm5t1 black det]iorates all col\rs 9 deep5+ !m1 z x does w>m col\rs by p>tially neutraliz+ !m1 b x comb9es less injuri\sly ) cold col\rs4 ,?\gh black is ! antagoni/ ( :ite1 yet add$ to x 9 m9ute portion1 x 9 g5]al r5d]s :ite m neutral1 solid1 & local1 ) less ( ! "* ( light4 ,impure black is br[n1 b black 9 its purity is a cold col\r1 & communicates a coolness to all light col\rs2 ?us x blues :ite1 gre5s yell[1 purples r$1 & cools blue4 ,h5ce ! arti/ errs ) ill effect :o reg>ds black z ( ne>e/ aff9ity to hot & br[n col\rs1 & w d well to keep 9 m9d--,! gl[ ( sun%9e & ! cool ( %ade4 ,x is a fault ( ev5 "s ( our be/ col\ri/s1 z ev9c$ by _! pictures1 to be too fond ( black ^u _! palettes1 & !nce to infuse x ne$lessly into _! t9ts & col\rs4 ,) su* x is a ta/e acquir$ f ! /udy ( old pictures2 b 9 nature h>dly any object above gr\nd is black1 or 9 daylight is r5d]$ neutral !reby4 ,black1 !re=e1 %\ld be res]v$ = a local col\r1 or employ$ only 9 ! "u-pa9t+ prop]ly call$ gr\nd+ & dead col\r+4 ,z a local col\r1 black has ! effect ( connect+ or amass+ surr\nd+ objects1 & is ! mo/ retir+ ( all col\rs1 a prop]ty :i* x communicates to o!r col\rs 9 mixture4 ,x height5s ! effect ( w>m z well z light col\rs1 by a d\ble contra/ :5 oppos$ to !m1 & 9 l mann] subdues t ( cold & deep col\rs4 ,9 mixture or glaz+1 h[ev]1 ^! effects are rev]s$1 by reason ( ! pr$om9ance ( cold col\r 9 ! con/itution ( black4 ,hav+1 !re=e1 ! d\ble (fice ( col\r & ( %ade1 black is p]haps ! mo/ important ( all col\rs to ! arti/1 bo? z to its use & avoidance4 ,x may be laid d[n z a rule t ! black mu/ be conspicu\s4 ,h[ev] small a po9t ( black may be1 x ought to cat* ! eye1 o!rwise ! "w is too heavy 9 ! %ad[4 ,all ! ord9>y %ad[s %\ld be ( "s col\r--nev] black1 nor approa*+ black1 !y %\ld be evid5tly & always ( a lum9\s nature1 & ! black %\ld look /range among !m2 nev] occurr+ except 9 a black object1 or 9 small po9ts indicative ( int5se %ade 9 ! v c5tre ( masses ( %ad[4 ,%ad[s ( absolutely negative grey1 h[ev]1 may be beautifully us$ ) :ite1 or ) gold2 b /ill ?\gh ! black ?us1 9 subdu$ /r5g?1 becomes spaci\s1 x %\ld always be conspicu\s3 ! spectator %\ld notice ?is grey neutrality ) "s wond]1 & enjoy1 all ! m int5sely on acc\nt ( x1 ! gold col\r & ! :ite :i* x relieves4 ,( all ! great col\ri/s1 ,velasquez is ! greate/ ma/] ( ! black *ords3 8 black is m preci\s ?an o!r p's crimson4 ,yet x is n simply black & :ite t mu/ be made valuable1 r>e wor? mu/ be giv5 to ea* col\r employ$2 b ! :ite & black ought to sep>ate !mselves qua9tly f ! re/1 :ile ! o!r col\rs %\ld be cont9ually pass+ "o into ! o!r1 be+ all pla9ly companions 9 ! same gay _w2 :ile ! :ite1 black1 & neutral grey %\ld /& monki%ly alo( 9 ! mid/ ( !m4 ,crimson may be melt$ into purple1 purple into blue1 & blue into gre51 b none ( !m mu/ be melt$ into black4 ,all col\rs are compreh5d$ 9 ! syn!sis ( black1 consequ5tly ! :ole s$ative p[] ( col\r is compris$ 9 black4 ,x is ! same 9 ! syn!sis ( :ite2 &1 ) l relative consequ5ce1 :ite includes all ! /imulat+ p[]s ( col\r 9 pa9t+4 ,x foll[s t a little :ite or black is equival5t to mu* col\r1 & h5ce _! use z col\rs requires judgm5t & caution4 ,by due att5tion to ! syn!sis ( black1 x may be r5d]$ a h>moniz+ m$ium to all col\rs1 to all :i* x l5ds brilliancy by its s$ative effect on ! eye1 & its p[]s ( contra/3 nev]!less1 we repeat1 x mu/ be introduc$ ) caution :5 hue is ( great] importance ?an %ade4 ,ev5 :5 employ$ z a %ad[1 )\t mu* judgm5t 9 its use1 black is apt to appe> z local col\r r ?an z privation ( light2 & black pigm5ts obta9$ by *>r+ h a t5d5cy to rise & pr$om9ate ov] o!r hues1 subdu+ ! m delicate t9ts by _! *emical blea*+ p[] ^u o!r col\rs1 & _! own disposition to turn br[n or dusky4 ,= ^! reasons deep & transp>5t col\rs1 :i* h d>kness 9 _! con/itution1 are bett] adapt$ z a rule = produc+ ! true natural & p]man5t effects ( %ade4 ,_m pictures ( ! e>ly ma/]s1 & especially ( ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e s*ools1 ev9ce ! tru? ( our rem>ks2 & x is to be fe>$ ! high reputation ( ^! works has betray$ _! admir]s into ?is defective employm5t ( black4 ,black sub/ances reflect a small quantity ( :ite light1 :i* receives ! complem5t>y ( ! col\r contigu\s to ! black4 ,by 'complem5t>y' is meant t col\r :i* is requir$ ) ano!r col\r to =m :ite light2 ?us1 gre5 is ! complem5t>y ( r$1 blue ( orange1 & yell[ ( violet1 or vice v]s2 because gre5 & r$1 blue & orange1 & yell[ & violet1 ea* make up ! full complem5t ( rays necess>y to =m :ite light4 ,briefly digress+1 we give ! foll[+ mode ( obs]v+ complem5t>y col\rs3--,place a %eet ( :ite pap] on a table opposite to "o ( two w9d[s admitt+ diffus$ daylight,c into a room2 take a piece ( col\r$ glass & s place x t ! col\r$ light transmitt$ ?r\gh x falls ov] ! surface ( ! pap]2 !n put an opaque object on ! pap] close to ! col\r$ glass4 ,! %ad[ ( ?is object w n appe> black or ( ! col\r ( ! glass1 z might be suppos$1 b ( its complem5t>y col\r2 ?us if ! glass is r$1 ! col\r ( ! %ad[ w be gre51 al?\gh ! :ole ( ! pap] surr\nd+ x appe>s r$4 ,simil>ly1 if ! glass is blue1 ! %ad[ w appe> orange2 if x is gre51 ! %ad[ w appe> r$2 & s ) o!r col\rs4 ,x is absolutely ess5tial1 h[ev]1 to ! success ( ?is exp]im5t1 t ! pap] be also illum9at$ ) ! :ite light admitt$ f ! o!r w9d[4 ,x has be5 said t black sub/ances reflect a small quantity ( :ite light1 :i* receives ! complem5t>y ( ! col\r contigu\s to ! black4 ,if ?is col\r is deep1 x gives rise to a lum9\s complem5t>y1 su* z orange1 or yell[1 & enfeebles ! black2 :ile ! o!r complem5t>ies1 su* z violet or gre51 /r5g!n & purify x4 ,9 col\rs associat$ ) black1 if gre5 is juxtapos$ !re)1 its complem5t>y r$1 add$ to ! black1 makes x seem ru/y4 ,^? col\rs :i* be/ associate ) black are orange1 yell[1 blue1 & violet4 ,x w\ld be well to rememb] t black1 be+ always deep] ?an ! juxtapos$ col\r1 entails contra/ ( tone1 & t5ds to l[] ! tone ( t col\r4 ,mo/ ( ! black pigm5ts 9 use are obta9$ by *>r+1 & owe _! col\r to ! c>bon !y conta94 ,z ! objects ( vegetal & animal nature may be black5$ ?r\gh e degree ( impurity by ! action ( fire1 black sub/ances m or less fitt$ = pigm5ts ab\nd4 ,! foll[+ are ! *ief native & artificial black pigm5ts1 or col\rs available z su*3-- #bhi4 ,,black ,,lead1 ,plumbago1 or ,graphite1 conta9s 9 spite ( its "n no lead1 be+ simply a species ( c>bon or *>coal4 ,9 mo/ specim5s iron is pres5t1 v>y+ 9 quantity f a m]e trace up to five p] c5t1 toge!r ) silica & alum9a4 ,sometimes manganese & titanic acid are likewise f\nd4 ,x is curi\s t c>bon %\ld occur 9 two di/9ct & v dissimil> =ms--z diamond1 & z graphite2 "o1 :ite1 h>d1 & transp>5t2 ! o!r1 black1 s(t1 & opaque3 ! arti/1 !re=e1 :o uses a pigm5t ( plumbago1 pa9ts ) no?+ m or less ?an a black diamond4 ,! be/ graphite1 ! f9e/ & mo/ valuable = p5cils1 is yield$ by ! m9e ( ,borr[dale1 at ! we/ end ( ,d]w5t ,lake1 9 ,cumb]l&1 :]e x 0 fir/ wr\ght dur+ ! reign ( ,elizabe?4 ,a k9d ( irregul> ve9 trav]ses ! anci5t slate-b$s ( t di/rict1 furni%+ ! c>bon ( an iron-grey col\r1 metallic lu/re1 & s(t & greasy to ! t\*4 ,univ]sally employ$ 9 ! =m ( crayons1 c4 9 sket*+1 design+1 & draw+1 until ( late ye>s x 0 n ackn[l$g$ z a pigm5t3 yet its p[]s 9 ?is respect claim a place = x4 ,z a wat]-col\r1 levigat$ 9 gum 9 ! usual mann]1 x may be effectively us$ ) rapidity & fre$om 9 ! %ad+ & f9i%+ ( p5cil draw+s1 or z a sub/itute !re9 = ,indian ink4 ,ev5 9 oil x may be employ$ occasionally1 z x possesses rem>kably ! prop]ty ( cov]+1 =ms v pure grey1 dries quickly1 injures no col\r *emically1 & endures = ev]4 ,^! qualities r5d] x ! mo/ eligible black = add+ to :ite 9 m9ute quantity to pres]ve ! neutrality ( its t9t4 ,al?\gh plumbago has usurp$ ! "n ( ,black ,lead1 !re is ano!r sub/ance m prop]ly entitl$ to ?is appellation1 & :i* may be us$ 9 ! same way1 & ) l effects z a pigm5t4 ,?is sub/ance is ! sulphide ( lead1 f\nd native 9 ! beautiful lead ore1 or ,gal5a1 ( ,d]by%ire4 ,an artificial sulphide c be prep>$ by dry & wet processes1 :i* is subject to gradual oxidation on exposure to ! air1 & consequ5t conv]sion into grey or :ite4 ,nei!r v>iety c be comp>$ to graphite = p]man5ce1 al?\gh ! native is pref]able to ! artificial4 ,plumbago1 or ! s-call$ ,black ,lead1 is (t5 adult]at$ to an enorm\s ext5t ) lamp black4 #bij4 ,,blue ,,black1 ,*>coal1 ,liege1 or ,v9e ,black1 is a well-burnt & levigat$ *>coal prep>$ f v9e twigs1 ( weak] body ?an ivory or lamp black1 & consequ5tly bett] suit$ to ! grays & g5]al mix$ t9ts ( l&scape pa9t+1 9 :i* x is n s likely to look black & sooty z ! o!rs may d4 ,( a cool neutral t9t1 x has1 9 common ) all c>bonace\s blacks1 a pres]v+ influ5ce on :ite :5 duly mix$ !re)2 :i* x owes1 *emically1 to ! blea*+ p[] ( c>bon1 &1 *romatically1 to ! neutraliz+ & contra/+ p[] ( black ) :ite4 ,comp\nd$ slightly ) blue black1 & wa%$ ov] ) z9c :ite1 :ite lead may be expos$ to any ord9>y impure atmosph]e ) comp>ative impunity4 ,x w\ld be well = art if c>bon _h a l p[] ^u ! col\r ( oils1 b ( ?is x is defici5t2 & al?\gh *lor9e de/roys _! col\r tempor>ily1 !y re-acquire x at no v di/ant p]iod4 ,alone1 blue black is useful z a cool %ade = :ite drap]ies2 & comp\nd$ ) cobalt1 af=ds a good gray = l\r+ cl\ds4 #bia4 ,,briti% ,,ink is a comp\nd black1 pref]r$ by "s arti/s to ,indian ink1 on acc\nt ( its n be+ liable to wa% /reaky1 z ! latt] does3 at ! same "t x is n s p]fectly fix$ on ! pap] z ,indian ink4 #bib4 ,,indian ,,ink1 sometimes call$ ,*9a or ,*9ese ,ink1 is *iefly br\ght f ,*9a 9 oblong cakes1 ( a musky sc5t1 ready prep>$ = pa9t+ 9 wat]4 ,v>y+ consid]ably 9 body & col\r1 ! be/ has a %9+ black fracture1 is f9ely compact1 & homog5e\s :5 rubb$ ) wat]1 9 :i*1 :5 l>gely dilut$1 x yields no precipitate4 ,)\t ! lea/ appe>ance ( p>ticles1 its dry surface is cov]$ ) a pellicle ( a metallic appe>ance4 ,:5 dry on ! pap]1 x resi/s ! action ( wat]1 yet x w give way at once to t action1 :5 x has be5 us$ & dri$ on m>ble or ivory1 a fact :i* proves t ! alumm$ pap] =ms a /rong comb9ation ) ! ink2 possibly a comp\nd ( ! latt] on an alum9\s base1 might ev5 be employ$ 9 oil4 ,diff]5t acc\nts are giv5 ( ! mode ( mak+ ?is ink1 ! pr9cipal sub/ance or col\r+ matt] ( :i* is a smoke black1 hav+ all ! prop]ties ( our lamp black2 ! v>iety ( its hues & texture seem+ :olly to dep5d on ! degree ( burn+ & levigat+ x receives4 ,f c]ta9 ,*9ese docum5ts1 we le>n t ! ink ( ,nan-k+ is ! mo/ e/eem$2 & among ! _m sorts import$ into ?is c\ntry1 we f9d ^? ( ! be/ quality are prep>$ ) lamp black ( ! oil ( ,sesame2 ) :i* are comb9$ camphor1 & ! juice ( a plant nam$ ,h\ng hoa to give x brightness ( tone4 ,accord+ to an analysis by ,m4 ,pr\/1 ! bett] k9ds conta9 ab\t two p] c5t4 ( camphor4 ,by "s1 ! pigm5t kn[n z ,sepia has be5 suppos$ to ent] into _! composition4 ,liquid ,indian ,ink is a solution = ar*itects1 surveyors1 c4 #bic4 ,,ivory ,,black is ivory *>r$ to blackness by /rong heat 9 clos$ vessels4 ,diff]+ *iefly ?r\gh want ( c>e or skill 9 prep>+1 :5 well made x is ! ri*e/ & mo/ transp>5t ( all ! blacks1 a f9e neutral col\r p]fectly durable & eligible bo? 9 wat] & oil4 ,:5 insuffici5tly burnt1 h[ev]1 x is br[n1 & dries badly2 or if too mu* burnt1 x becomes c9]iti\s1 opaque1 & fa9t 9 hue4 ,) a slight t5d5cy to br[n 9 its pale wa%es1 ?is full1 silky black is s]viceable :]e ! sooty d5sity ( lamp black w\ld be out ( place4 ,x is occasionally adult]at$ ) bone black1 a *eap] & inf]ior product4 ,be+ no?+ m nor less ?an animal *>coal1 ivory or bone black _h be/ n be comp\nd$ ) organic pigm5ts1 9 wat] at lea/4 ,x is well kn[n t ?is *>coal possesses ! s+ul> prop]ty ( completely absorb+ ! col\r ( almo/ any vegetal or animal solution1 & ( r5d]+ q limpid & col\rless ! wat] *>g$ ) x4 ,if a solution ( indigo 9 conc5trat$ sulphuric acid be dilut$ ) wat]1 & animal *>coal add$ 9 suffici5t quantity1 ! solution w soon be depriv$ ( col\r4 ,! m p]fect ! ivory or bone black1 ! m p[]ful is its action likely to be3 ei!r ov] or "u calc9$1 animal *>coal is less en]getic2 9 ! =m] case1 because x is less por\s2 9 ! latt]1 because ! animal matt]1 n be+ :olly consum$1 makes a k9d ( v>ni% 9 ! *>coal :i* int]f]es ) its act+4 ,to a great] or less ext5t1 gums1 oils1 & v>ni%es s]ve simil>ly z prev5tives1 !reby decreas+ ! dang] ( employ+ ^! blacks 9 admixture2 b1 9 ! comp\nd+ ( col\rs1 no?+ is ga9$ by ne$less risk4 ,to mix ) organic pigm5ts1 !re=e1 blue or lamp blacks %\ld be sub/itut$ = ^? ( ivory or bone2 t is1 vegetal *>coal %\ld be us$ in/ead ( animal4 ,x is a "q :e!r ev5 ) inorganic pigm5ts ! adoption ( ! =m] 9 admixture w\ld n be advisable4 ,x 0 once ! g5]al op9ion t ! action ( animal *>coal 0 limit$ to bodies ( organic orig91 b x has s9ce be5 f\nd t inorganic matt]s are likewise influ5c$4 ,?r\gh its ag5cy1 says ,graham1 ev5 ! iod9e is sep>at$ f iodide ( potassium2 :5ce probably pigm5ts conta9+ iod9e w\ld suff] by contact4 ,! inve/igation ( ,wepp5 appe>s to prove t ! action ( ! *>coal ext5ds to all metallic salts2 ) ! foll[+1 no d\bt rema9s ( ?is be+ s1 to wit3--! sulphates ( copp]1 z9c1 *romium1 & protoxide ( iron2 ! nitrates ( lead1 nickel1 silv]1 cobalt1 suboxide & oxide ( m]cury2 ! proto*lorides ( t9 & m]cury2 ! acetates ( lead & sesquioxide ( iron2 & ! t>trate ( antimony4 ,:e!r animal *>coal ex]cises any delet]i\s influ5ce on pigm5ts consi/+ ( ^! metals1 &1 if s1 h[ f> & "u :at circum/ances1 c only be answ]$ :5 our k ( ! prop]ties ( pigm5ts is great] ?an x n[ is4 ,at pres5t1 p]haps1 x is saf] to *oose vegetal *>coal = mix$ t9ts1 inasmu* z1 al?\gh x %>es ! prop]ty ( blea*+ 9 a c]ta9 degree1 x does n possess ! same en]gy4 #bid4 ,,lamp ,,black1 or ,lamblack1 is a smoke black1 be+ ! soot procur$ by ! burn+ ( res9s or res9\s woods4 ,x is a pure vegetal *>coal ( f9e texture1 n q s int5se nor s transp>5t z ! black made f ivory1 b less br[n 9 its pale tones4 ,x has a v /rong body t cov]s readily e und]lay ( col\r1 works well1 b dries badly 9 oil4 ,on em]g5cy1 x may be prep>$ extemporane\sly = wat]-pa9t+ by hold+ a plate ov] ! flame ( a lamp or c&le1 & add+ gum to ! col\r3 ! ne>] ! plate is held to ! wick ( ! lamp1 ! m abundant & w>m w be ! hue ( ! black obta9$2 at a great] di/ance x w be m effectually *>r$1 & black]4 ,mix$ ) ,fr5* blue or cobalt1 lamp black gives good cl\dy grays1 :i* are useful = ! %ad[s ( heavy /orm cl\ds4 ,) ,fr5* blue & ?is black alone v>i\s beautiful /ormy skies may be repres5t$2 ! contra/ ( ! blue caus+ ! black to assume1 if desir$1 a w>m tone 9 %ad[s4 ,= l purposes1 ! black ) ultram>9e a% af=ds a v s(t hue1 & ) light r$ & cobalt 9 diff]5t proportions yields silv]y tones mo/ s]viceable4 ,to ! d>k m>k+ ( murky & dirty cl\ds1 a comp\nd ( lamp black & light r$ is p>ticul>ly suit$2 :ile a mixture ( ! black ) cobalt & purple madd] is adapt$ = slate-col\r$ sunset & sunrise cl\ds4 ,fr5* blue s(t5$ ) a little lamp black is fitt$ = m\nta9s or hills1 v remote2 & ! same blue & black ) rose madd] meet _! t9ts if ne>]4 ,9 seas ! black is useful ) raw ,si5na & o!r col\rs2 :ile1 :e!r 9 /orm or calm1 vessels & boats may be pa9t$ ) t9ts ( lamp black1 madd] br[n1 & burnt ,si5na1 v>y+ 9 degrees ( /r5g? accord+ to ! di/ances4 ,lamp black alone1 or ) ,fr5* blue1 cobalt & purple madd]1 em]ald gre51 or rose madd]1 is good = rocks2 & = d>k =egr\nd objects :5 mix$ ) madd] lake & burnt ,si5na4 ,) aureol9 ! black furni%es a sob] olive = foliage1 & ) rose madd] a f9e col\r = ! /ems & bran*es ( trees4 ,comp\nd$ ) light r$1 x is suit$ to ! fir/ g5]al tones ( ! gr\nd = banks & roads2 & ) yell[ o*re or madd] r$1 to p>ts ( build+s & cattle4 ,a v em95t m9iature pa9t] recomm5ds = hair t9ts1 lamp black1 ,indian r$1 & burnt ,si5na4 ,be+ a d5se solid col\r1 ?is black mu/ be us$ sp>+ly to avoid heav9ess4 ,hi!rto conf9$ to pa9t+ & engrav+1 lamp black has lately refut$ ! ass]tion t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun by mak+ its appe>ance 9 photography4 ,by a me?od :i* comb9es ! fidelity ( t art ) ! p]man5ce ( pr9ts1 !re is produc$ a species ( photographic engrav+1 s to speak1 hav+ lamp black or c>bon = its col\r+ matt]4 ,inde$1 9 ?is ',autotype' process1 z x is call$1 any o!r durable pigm5t or pigm5ts may be us$1 & a photographic picture ?us obta9$4 ,9 copy+ ! works ( arti/s1 especially1 ! mode promises to be ( value1 inasmu* z by its ag5cy ! same pigm5ts may be made ! col\r+ matt] ( ! reproduction z are employ$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,if ?is be 9 sepia or bi/re1 ! copy c be autotyp$ 9 ^? col\rs2 or if a r$ *alk draw+ be requir$ to be multipli$1 ! pro(s may be 9 r$ *alk1 ! copy :5 produc$ to ! same scale be+ sc>cely di/+ui%able f ! orig9al4 ,9 l mann]1 any s+le col\r ( ! arti/'s palette is applicable )\t re/riction or limitation1 s t n only are e l9e & t\* r5d]$ absolutely1 b ! v pigm5t us$ 9 ! orig9al is f\nd 9 ! copy4 ,moreov]1 z ! pigm5ts are q un*ang$ by ! action ( ! o!r ag5ts employ$1 ! result+ col\r ( ! pr9t is det]m9$ once = all1 j z ! arti/ mixes ^? pigm5ts on 8 palette = 8 picture4 ,z ext5d+ ! use ( lamp black & p]man5t pigm5ts 9 g5]al1 ?is brief digression on ,autotypography may be p>don$ 9 a treatise on col\rs4 #bie4 ,,mix$ ,,black4 ,black is to be consid]$ z a syn!sis ( ! ?ree prim>y col\rs1 ! ?ree second>ies1 or ! ?ree t]ti>ies1 or ( all ^! toge!r2 &1 consequ5tly1 also ( ! ?ree semi-neutrals1 & may ?us be compos$ ( due proportions ( ei!r tribe or triad4 ,all antagoni/ic col\rs1 or contra/s1 likewise af=d ! neutral black by composition2 b 9 all ! modes ( produc+ black by comp\nd+ col\rs1 blue is to be reg>d$ z its ar*eus or pr$om9at+ col\r1 & yell[ z subord9ate to r$1 9 ! proportions1 :5 _! hues are true1 ( eight blue1 five r$1 & ?ree yell[4 ,x is ow+ to ?is pr$om9ance ( blue 9 ! con/itution ( black1 t x contributes by mixture to ! pur5ess ( hue 9 :ite col\rs1 :i* usually incl9e to w>m?1 & t x produces ! cool effect ( blu5ess 9 glaz+ & t9ts1 or h[ev] o!rwise dilut$ or dilat$4 ,x accords ) ! pr9ciple "h inculcat$ t 9 glass-f\nd+ ! oxide ( manganese1 :i* gives ! r$ hue1 & t ( cobalt1 :i* furni%es ! blue1 are add$ to br[n or yell[ frit1 to obta9 a velvety black glass4 ,simil>ly ! dy] proce$s to dye black ^u a deep blue basis ( indigo1 ) ! ruddy col\r ( madd] & ! yell[ ( qu]citron1 c4 ,"s ( ! be/ blacks & neutrals ( ! pa9t] are ^? =m$ ) col\rs ( suffici5t p[] & transp>5cy ^u ! palette4 ,prussian blue & burnt lake af=d a p[]ful ?\gh n v durable black2 & comp\nd blacks 9 :i* transp>5t pigm5ts are employ$ w g5]ally g deep] & h>monize bett] ) o!r col\rs ?an any orig9al black pigm5t alone4 ,h5ce lakes & deep blues1 add$ to ! common blacks1 greatly increase _! cle>ness & int5sity3 9 mixture & glaz+ ( ! f9e blacks ( "s old pictures1 ultram>9e has evid5tly be5 us$4 ,9 ?is view1 black altoge!r comp\nd$ ( blue ) r$ & yell[1 ea* deep & transp>5t1 & duly subord9at$ accord+ to its p[]s1 w give ! mo/ p[]ful & transp>5t blacks2 al?\gh1 l mo/ o!r blacks1 !y dry badly 9 oil4 ,( c\rse1 z ) all comp\nd col\rs1 x dep5ds entirely on ! pigm5ts employ$ :e!r ^! mix$ blacks are p]man5t or n3 a comp\nd black c v well pass ?r\gh ! /ages ( black to grey1 gray1 or dirty :ite1 if ea* l9k 9 ! *a9 ( comb9ation be n z /rong z its fell[s4 99 99 99 99 99 #bif4 ,black ,*alk is an indurat$ clay1 ( ! texture ( :ite *alk1 & *iefly us$ = cutt+ into crayons4 ,f9e specim5s h be5 f\nd ne> ,bantry 9 ,irel&1 & 9 ,wales1 b ! ,italian has ! mo/ reputation4 ,crayons = sket*+ & draw+ are also artificially prep>$1 :i* are deep] 9 col\r & free f grit4 ,wood *>coal is likewise cut into crayons1 t ( s(t woods1 su* z lime1 popl>1 c41 be+ be/ adapt$ = ! purpose4 #big4 ,black ,o*re1 ,e>? ,black1 or ,prussian ,black1 is a native e>?1 comb9$ ) iron & alluvial clay4 ,x is f\nd 9 mo/ c\ntries1 & %\ld be wa%$ & expos$ to ! atmosph]e be=e be+ employ$4 ,sea-coal1 & o!r black m9]al sub/ances1 h be5 & may be us$ z sub/itutes = ! m p]fect blacks1 :5 ! latt] are n procurable1 :i* n[ seldom or nev] happ5s4 #bih4 ,bone ,black1 obta9$ by *>r+1 is simil> to t ( ivory1 except t x is a little w>m] 9 tone1 hav+ a r$di% or orange t+e1 & is a worse dri] 9 oil4 ,l ivory black1 x is v transp>5t4 ,imm5se quantities ( bone black are consum$ ) sulphuric acid 9 ! manufacture ( %oe black+4 #bii4 ,c(fee ,black1 ?\gh little kn[n & n on sale1 has be5 /rongly recomm5d$ by ,b\vi] z "o ( ! be/ blacks t c be us$4 ,s(t )\t be+ greasy1 light1 almo/ impalpable1 ev5 be=e be+ gr\nd1 x gives t9ts ( a v blui% gray :5 mix$ ) :ite1 a quality preci\s = mak+ ! blues ( ! sket*1 & dull gre5s4 ,x is said to dry bett] ?an blue or v9e black1 & to comb9e admirably ) o!r col\rs4 ,de ,montab]t pref]s call+ x ,c(fee ,br[n1 giv+ x z an exemplification ( a blui%-br[n1 b probably ?is br[n hue is ow+ to want ( skill 9 its manufacture4 ,we h n _h p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! col\r1 b !re is no !oretical reason :y a c>bonace\s black %\ld n be produc$ f c(fee4 ,! mode ( proce$+ is to calc9e ! b]ry 9 a cov]$ vessel1 & well wa% ! result+ *>coal ) boil+ wat] by decantation4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! p[d]1 :i* is ( great lightness1 f float+1 x is made into pa/e ) a few drops ( alcohol be=e add+ ! wat]4 #cjj4 ,frank=t ,black is said to be made ( ! lees ( w9e f :i* ! t>t> has be5 wa%$1 by burn+1 9 ! mann] ( ivory black2 al?\gh ! inf]ior sort is m]ely ! levigat$ *>coal ( woods1 ( :i* ! h>de/1 su* z box & ebony1 yield ! be/4 ,f9e ,frank=t black1 ?\gh almo/ conf9$ to copp]-plate pr9t+1 is "o ( ! be/ black pigm5ts extant1 be+ ( a neutral col\r1 next 9 int5sity to lamp black1 & m p[]ful ?an t ( ivory4 ,/rong light has ! effect ( deep5+ its col\r4 ,x is probable t ?is 0 ! black us$ by "s ( ! ,flemi% pa9t]s1 & t ! pur5ess ( ! greys =m$ !re) is due to ! prop]ty ( *>r$ sub/ances ( prev5t+ discol\rm5t4 #cja4 ,manganese ,black1 ! common black oxide ( t metal1 is ! be/ ( all blacks = dry+ 9 oil )\t addition4 ,x is also a col\r ( va/ body & t+e+ p[]4 ,z a siccative1 x might be advantage\sly employ$ ) ivory black4 #cjb4 ,m9]al ,black is a native impure c>bon ( s(t texture1 f\nd 9 ,devon%ire4 ,black] ?an plumbago1 & free f its metallic lu/re1 x is ( a neutral col\r1 grey] & m opaque ?an ivory black1 & =ms pure neutral t9ts4 ,be+ p]fectly durable1 & dry+ well 9 oil1 x is ( value 9 dead col\r+ on acc\nt ( its solid body1 z a prep>ation = black & deep col\rs be=e glaz+4 ,x w\ld likewise be ! mo/ p]man5t & be/ possible black = frescoes4 #cjc4 ,pap] ,black1 a pigm5t unkn[n to ! mod]n palette1 l mo/ ( our numb]$ italicis$ col\rs1 is ( ! nature ( blue or v9e black4 ,v s(t & ( a f9e blui%-gray1 x is fitt$ = fle%1 or = mix+ ) :ites or yell[s 9 l&scapes4 #cjd4 ,pea* ,black1 or ,almond ,black1 made by burn+ ! /ones ( fruits1 ! %ell ( ! cocoa-nut1 c41 is a violet-black1 once mu* us$ by ,p>isian arti/s4 ,b\vi] believes x to be a good black1 b at ! same "t s5sibly asks1 ( :at use is x to h a black ( ?is ca/1 :i* c always be giv5 by lake1 )\t dim9i%+ b r increas+ ! int5sity ( ! black x may be mix$ )4 #cje4 ,prussian ,black4 ,! same ,prussian blue :i* gives a br[n :5 burnt 9 ! op5 air1 yields a black :5 calc9$ 9 a close crucible4 ,v int5se1 v s(t & velvety1 & v agreeable to "w1 ?is blui%-black dries mu* m promptly ?an mo/ o!r blacks1 & sc>cely requires gr9d+4 ,on acc\nt ( its extreme division1 h[ev]1 x w\ld probably be f\nd m en]getic z a decol\ris+ ag5t 9 admixture ) organic pigm5ts ?an mo/ c>bonace\s blacks4 ,ano!r ,prussian black1 conta9+ copp]1 & made by a wet process1 is obta9$ :5 a dilute solution ( cupric sulphate & f]r\s sulphate1 9 prop] proportions1 is mix$ ) a quantity ( f]rocyanide ( potassium n 9 excess4 ,a v bulky deep black precipitate is =m$1 :i* is difficult to wa%1 & is deep black :5 dry4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 & appe>s to be a comp\nd analog\s to ,prussian blue4 ,z a pigm5t1 ?is black is inf]ior to ! prec$+4 #cjf4 ,purple ,black is1 or r 01 a prep>ation ( madd]1 ( a deep purple hue approa*+ black4 ,p[]ful & v transp>5t1 x glaz$ & dri$ well 9 oil1 & 0 a durable & eligible pigm5t4 ,its t9ts ) :ite lead 7 ( a purple ca/4 #cjg4 ,spani% ,black1 or ,cork ,black1 is a s(t black1 obta9$ by *>r+ cork1 & diff]s n ess5tially f ,frank=t black1 except 9 be+ ( a light] & s(t] texture4 ,"s ( my fri5ds1 says ,b\vi]1 call x ,begg>s' ,ultram>9e1 because x produces1 by comb9ations1 t9ts almo/ z f9e z ultram>9e4 ,a blue b n a velvet black1 :]e int5sity is requir$ "s o!r is to be pref]r$4 ,= mixtures1 h[ev]1 x is /at$ to be admirable1 & especially = l951 skies1 di/ances1 & ! v>i\s brok5 t9ts ( c>nations1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,besides ^? blacks :i* h be5 m5tion$1 !re are o!rs furni%$ by sev]al ( ! metals & by _m organic sub/ances employ$ z dyes2 b z ! blacks 9 common use are all p]man5t1 & h be5 f\nd suffici5t = e purpose1 x is sc>ce ne$ful to swell ! li/4 ,nor is x m ne$ful1 ! ,editor consid]s1 to swell ! book2 le/ 8 aim be defeat$ ( reflect+ 9 a mod]ate-siz$ mirror ! palette z x is & might be at ! pres5t day4 ,arriv$ at age1 z x 71 9 its tw5ty-fir/ *apt]1 ?is treatise may fitly conclude ) ,black1 ! la/ ( ! s]ies ( col\rs4 ,let u hope ! maxim ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 t success 9 "s degree 0 nev] d5i$ to e>ne/ "w may apply "h4 ,/ill1 by way ( f9ale1 we w\ld (f] a few rem>ks4 ,9 no bran* ( ! sci5ce1 p]haps1 is x m haz>d\s to commit oneself to a positive dictum ?an 9 ! *emi/ry ( col\rs1 s liable are !ory & practice to cla%1 & s (t5 does ! exp]i5ce ( "o p]son or "o "t diff] f t ( ano!r4 ,he :o has turn$ 8 att5tion to pigm5ts1 f9ds ne>ly e ass]tion mu/ be qualifi$1 = to ne>ly e rule !re is "s exception1 & le>ns t !ory alone may mislead4 ,= example1 a col\r kn[n to be fugaci\s may la/1 9 c]ta9 cases1 a surpris+ly long "t2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 a pigm5t p]man5t :5 us$ alone1 may be r5d]$ fugitive by improp] comp\nd+4 ,aga91 :at holds good ( a col\r produc$ by "o process1 or employ$ 9 "o vehicle or by "o arti/1 may n be true ( ! same col\r made by a diff]5t mode1 or us$ 9 ano!r vehicle or by ano!r arti/4 ,x is because1 !n1 col\rs are ( e degree ( durability1 f ! p]fectly /able to ! utt]ly fugitive1 & because ea* "o is liable to influ5ce by e condition ( "t1 place1 & circum/ance1 t ! *emi/'s !ory is oppos$ z (t5 to ! pa9t]'s practice z ! exp]i5ce ( arti/s !mselves v>ies4 ,?is may expla9 ! *>ges ( inconsi/5cy & contradiction :i* h be5 br\ght aga9/ writ]s on pigm5ts1 faults t lie r ) ! nature ( ! subject ?an ) ! au?ors4 ,ev5 at ! risk ( be+ tiresome1 we h ?r\gh\t insi/$ on ! *oice ( p]man5t pigm5ts1 n simply = use alone b = mix$ t9ts4 ,to quote ,c5n9i1 ,i give y ?is advice1 t y endeav\r always to use 444 good col\rs4444 ,& if y say t a poor p]son _c af=d ! exp5se1 ,i answ]1 t if y "w well 7& give suffici5t "t to y\r works71 & pa9t ) good col\rs1 y w acquire s mu* fame t f a poor p]son y w become a ri* "o2 & y\r "n w /& s high = us+ good col\rs1 t if "s ma/]s receive a ducat = pa9t+ "o figure1 y w c]ta9ly be (f]$ two1 & y\r wi%es w be fulfill$1 accord+ to ! old prov]b1 'good "w1 good pay4' ,( a tru?1 if man _c dip 8 bru% 9 ! ra9b[ & pa9t ) ! a]ial col\rs ( ! skies1 he c at lea/ select ! be/ pigm5ts t e>? & ! sea af=d him2 pref]r+1 :]e he _c get brilliancy & p]man5ce comb9$1 sobriety & p]man5ce to brilliancy & fugacity4 ,x mu/ be ! wi% ( e real arti/ to leave beh9d him a la/+ record ( 8 skill1 a p]man5t panorama ( ^? hues ( nature :i* 9 life he lov$ s well4 ,to effect ?is1 g5ius alone is p[]less3 !re mu/ be fir/ a prop] *oice ( mat]ials1 & next a prop] use ( !m4 ,! pa9t]'s pigm5ts are ! bricks :]e) ! mort> ( 8 m9d mu/ be mix$1 ei!r to erect an edifice t %all endure = ages1 or "o :i* w quickly topple ov] l a h\se ( c>ds4 ,n[ 9 no?+ m ?an 9 pa9t+ is prev5tion bett] ?an cure--inde$ cure may be said to be "h out ( ! "q3 = good or = evil a picture once pa9t$ is pa9t$ = ev]4 ,)\t a /rong con/itution !re is no hope = x2 no *emi/ry c /r5g!n ! sickly frame1 re/ore ! fad$ col\r1 /op ! ravages ( consumption3 ,sci5ce /&s helpless be=e dy+ ,art4 ,& yet1 %e sighs to ?9k1 x might h be5 o!rwise4 ,if durable pigm5ts _h be5 employ$1 if h] c\nsel _h be5 s\ght1 ?is ne$ n h be54 ,9 ! hi/ory ( mod]n art ! use & abuse ( col\rs w\ld furni% a sad *apt]1 tell+ ( gross ignorance1 & a gross] indiff]5ce4 ,happily !re is promise ( a heal?i] /ate ( ?+s4 ,:5 ?is comes1 ,art w be less %y to consult h] si/]3 9 ! int]e/s ( bo? !re %\ld be clos] union4 ,)\t wait+ till ! picture is f9i%$--= !n x w be too late--let h]1 if 9 d\bt1 frankly display ! cont5ts ( h] palette & ask advice4 ,n[1 n kn[+ :at pigm5ts are *os5 or h[ !y are us$1 nev] /&+ by & wat*+ ! progress ( ! "w1 h[ c ,sci5ce l5d h] aid8 ,%e w\ld will+ly1 = %e h]self ne$s help3 at pres5t h] k is limit$1 n s mu* ( ! *emi/ry ( col\rs z ( ! prop]ties ( pigm5ts4 ,%e seeks to mix h] p\nd ( !ory ) an ounce ( practice1 & craves a w>m] welcome to ! /udio4 ,= any approximation to ! tru? to be arriv$ at1 facts mu/ be not$ ) ! conditions "u :i* !y occur1 n by "o si/] alone nor by ! o!r alone1 b by bo?4 ,9 future1 ,art & ,sci5ce %\ld g h& 9 h&1 mutually dep5d5t on ea* o!r1 mutually tru/ful ( ea* o!r1 work+ ) & = ea* o!r1 e>ne/ly & pati5tly4 ,,footnotes3 ,c ,light is ei!r direct or diffus$--direct1 :5 ! sun's rays fall ^u any object2 diffus$1 :5 ord9>y daylight illum9es objects ) :ite light1 caus+ !m to appe> ( _! peculi> col\rs4 ,,add5dum4 ,) ! pres5t rapid progress ( appli$ *emi/ry1 an add5dum 9 a "w ( ?is k9d is q excusable4 ,ev5 :ile ! book is be+ pr9t$ "s fact may be ann\nc$ :i* ! au?or or editor w\ld wi% to ins]t4 ,9 our case ?is has happ5$4 ,v rec5tly !re has be5 introduc$ 9 ,france z a pigm5t #cjh4 ,,tung/5 ,,:ite1 or ,tung/ate ( ,b>yta4 ,at ! reque/ ( a l&scape pa9t]1 says ,m4 ,sacc 9 a lett] to ,m4 ,dumas1 ,i 0 induc$ to exam9e 9 succession all our insoluble :ite comp\nds1 ) reg>d to _! adaptability to pa9t+ purposes4 ,tung/ate ( b>yta answ]s p]fectly1 cov]s z well z :ite lead1 & is z unalt]able z z9c :ite4 ,x has be5 employ$ by ?is arti/ = ?ree mon?s1 & 0 f\nd equally successful 9 oil or wat] col\rs1 *romoli?ography1 & ev5 9 mak+ :ite impressions on a black gr\nd4 ,?is h>mless sub/itute = ! injuri\s :ite lead is prep>$ on a l>ge scale 9 ,p>is by ,m4 ,e4 ,r\sseau4 ,we h n met ) a sample ( t g5tleman's manufacture1 b judg+ f our own specim5s1 made bo? by wet & dry processes1 & c>efully tri$ 9 wat] & oil1 x w\ld seem t a p]fect :ite pigm5t has yet to be discov]$4 ,) u1 at lea/1 tung/ate ( b>yta is f> f hav+ ! body ( :ite lead1 & inde$ is inf]ior 9 opacity to good z9c :ite4 ,unaffect$ by f\l air1 ! tung/ate appe>s to possess ! common fault ( all :ites :5 comp>$ ) :ite lead--want ( body1 moreov] x is a bad dry]4 ,h[ev]1 ,m4 ,r\sseau's prep>ation may n be op5 to ^! objections1 & we !re=e res]ve our f9al op9ion ( tung/5 :ite4 ,x is int5d$ to publi% f "t to "t a fre% edition ( ,field's ,*romatography1 & we hope 9 ! next issue to give a m detail$ & fav\rable acc\nt ( ! new pigm5t4 ,,index4 ,a4 ,acacia cate*u1 #ced4 ,academy1 ,royal1 at ,burl+ton ,h\se1 #cfe4 ,acetate ( lead1 z a siccative1 #ea4 improp] use (1 #eb4 ,adult]ation1 #gj4 ( ,anotta1 #bef4 ,artificial ,ultram>9e1 #bad4 ,black ,lead1 #cid4 ,cadmium ,yell[1 #hh4 ,c>m9e1 #acd4 ,*rome ,yell[1 #id4 ,co*9eal1 #acb4 ,g5u9e ,ultram>9e1 #bad4 ,indigo1 #bjb4 ,ivory ,black1 #cig4 ,madd]1 #adj4 ,madd] ,c>m9e1 #adb4 ,m>s ,yell[1 #ajb4 ,prussian ,blue1 #bjc4 ,r$ ,lead1 #aeb4 ,smalt1 #aih4 ,v]digris1 #bgf4 ,v]milion1 #aef4 ,v]onese ,gre51 #bfh4 ,:ite ,lead1 #gj1 #gd1 #ge4 ,yell[ & ,orange ,orpim5t1 #aac1 #bei4 ,z9c ,:ite1 #gg4 ,advanc+ & retir+ col\rs1 #ahf-ahh4 ,advice1 ,c5n9i's1 #daa4 ,a]ial p]spective1 #bb4 ,african co*9eal1 #agj4 gre51 #bga4 ,air & light1 action (1 on pigm5ts1 #ci4 ,air effect1 want (1 #cgh4 ,album51 #ej4 ,al*emy1 #bei4 ,alex&] ! ,great1 #bif4 ,v]onese1 #bhd4 ,alkanet1 #cjb4 ,almagra1 #adg4 ,almond ,black1 #djg4 ,am]ican arti/1 an1 #cdg4 ,analysis ( ,br[n1 #cgg4 ,citr9e1 #cbi4 ,gray1 #cgg4 ,m>rone1 #cgg4 ,olive1 #ccj4 ,russet1 #ccj4 ,an*usa t9ctoria1 #cjb4 ,anci5ts1 col\r+ ( !1 #c4 col\rs ( !1 #e1 #f1 #bah4 ,anil9e1 #afb4 col\rs1 #afb4 cakes (1 #afc4 9 oil1 #bdg4 ,animal ?iops1 #cdh4 *>coal1 #cig-cii4 jelly1 #ej4 ,anotta1 #bee4 ,antimony1 ,gold5 ,sulphur (1 #bef4 ,orange1 #bef4 ,r$1 #aei4 ,:ite1 #gi4 ,yell[1 #aje4 ,antipa?ies ( pigm5ts1 #aic4 ,antw]p ,blue1 #bjg4 ,br[n1 #cci4 ,apelles1 #g1 #bic4 ,ar*il1 #cjc4 ,purple1 #cjc4 ,are?as1 #bag4 ,arm5ian blue1 #e1 #bag1 #bbh4 bole1 #adg4 /one1 #bbh4 ,ars5ical pigm5ts1 #bgc4 ,ars5ic gre51 sub/itutes =1 #bhh1 #bij4 :ite1 #gi4 yell[1 #aaf4 ,art & ,sci5ce1 #bch1 #dab4 ,artificial ,ultram>9e1 #bji-baf4 acid pigm5ts )1 #bad4 adult]ation (1 #bae4 gre5 91 #baa4 gum )1 #bad4 ,artificial ,ultram>9e1 9 silice\s pa9t+1 #bab4 orig9 (1 #bji4 prize =1 #bji4 te/ =1 #bab4 ,arti/s & pa9t]s1 #ahb4 ,arts1 ,society (1 #acj4 ,a%1 ,ultram>9e1 #cgi4 ,a%es1 ,blue1 #bbh4 ,asphaltic ,lake1 !1 #ccg4 ,asphaltum & ,asphalt1 #ccg4 ,liquid1 #cci4 ,association ( ,sci5ce1 ,briti%1 #ceg4 ,assyrians1 col\r+ & col\rs (1 #f4 ,augu/us ,cs>1 #bie4 ,aureol91 #db1 #dg1 #hc-hg4 ,*emical ,news on1 #hd4 9 admixture1 #hf4 ,mr4 ,a>on ,p5ley on1 #he4 ! pure/ yell[1 #hd1 #chd4 ,aur9e1 #afb4 ,autotype process1 !1 #dja4 ,avignon1 b]ries (1 #cab4 ,axiom1 a :olesome1 #bja4 ,axioms = comp\nd+1 #bej4 ,azul9e1 #afb4 ,azure1 #aib1 #aif1 #bag4 ,b4 ,b>ff1 ,mr41 #bab4 ,b>ium & ,bismu? *rome gre5s1 #bhj4 ,b>! & ,laur5t1 ,,mm41 #bce4 ,b>?olomew1 ,mr41 #adc4 ,b>yta1 ,f]rate (1 #afe4 ,silicate (1 #bij4 ,b>ytic ,:ite1 #fe4 ,beauty 9 ,pigm5ts1 #df4 ,beeswax1 #ej4 ,b]ries1 ,fr5*1 ,p]sian1 & ,turkey1 #bab4 ,b]zelius1 #afi4 ,bice1 ,gre51 #ahg4 ,bignonia *ica1 #cfg4 ,bismu? ,purple1 #cjd4 ,bixa ,orellana1 #bee4 ,bix9e1 #bef4 ,black1 #bg4 anci5t1 #e4 z a col\r1 #chg1 #cia4 z a pigm5t1 #chi4 col\rs )1 #cib4 on ! ,neutral1 #chg4 ,,black ,,pigm5ts3-- ,almond ,black1 #djg4 ,begg>s' ,ultram>9e1 #dji4 ,black ,*alk1 #djd4 ,black ,lead1 #chb1 #cic4 ,black ,o*re1 #djd4 ,blue ,black1 #cid4 ,bone ,black1 #dje4 ,briti% ,ink1 #cie4 ,*>coal ,black1 #cid4 ,*9ese ,ink1 #cie4 ,c(fee ,black1 #dje4 ,copp] ,prussian ,black1 #djh4 ,cork ,black1 #dji4 ,e>? ,black1 #djd4 ,frank=t ,black1 #djf4 ,gal5a1 #cid4 ,graphite1 #cic4 ,indian ,ink1 #cie4 ,ivory ,black1 #cig4 ,lamp ,black1 #cii4 ,liege ,black1 #cid4 ,manganese ,black1 #djf4 ,m9]al ,black1 #djg4 ,mix$ ,black1 #djb4 ,pap] ,black1 #djg4 ,pea* ,black1 #djg4 ,plumbago1 #cic4 ,prussian ,black1 #djd1 #djh4 ,purple ,black1 #djh4 ,spani% ,black1 #dji4 ,v9e ,black1 #cid4 ,bladd] ,gre51 #bhb4 ,blanc d',arg5t1 #ga4 ,bl5d+ ( pigm5ts1 #cg4 ,blood1 ,dragon's1 #acg4 ,blood/one1 #adg4 ,blue1 #bh4 anci5t1 #e1 #bag4 ,arm5ian1 #e1 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,gre51 #bha4 ,uranium ,gre51 #bia4 ,vanadium ,gre51 #bia4 ,v5etian ,gre51 #bhc4 ,v]de ,vessie1 #bhb4 ,v]detto1 #bhc4 ,v]digris1 #bgf4 ,v]ona ,gre51 #bhc4 ,v]onese ,gre51 #bfh4 ,v]t de ,z9c1 #bhe4 ,vi5na ,gre51 #bga4 ,viride ris1 #bgf4 ,viridian1 #bfi4 ,z9c ,gre51 #bhe4 ,gre51 pure1 to obta91 #bgg4 ,gre5s1 anci5t1 #e4 ,grey1 #bh-cj1 #cgb4 & gray1 #bi1 #cha4 z a col\r1 #cha4 z a pigm5t1 #chb4 col\rs )1 #chb1 #chc4 on ! ,neutral1 #cha4 ,,grey ,,pigm5ts3-- ,black ,lead1 #chb4 ,mix$ ,grey1 #chd-chf4 ,gr9d+ ( pigm5ts1 #cg4 ,guido1 #h4 ,guimet1 ,m41 #baj1 #bae4 ,outrem] de1 #bji4 ,guimet's ,ultram>9e1 #bji4 ,gum1 ,drop1 #if tragacan?1 #ff4 ,gyges1 #g4 ,h4 ,ha]lem ,blue1 #bjg4 ,hamburgh ,lake1 #acg4 ,:ite1 #gd4 ,hampton ,c\rt1 c>toons at1 #aj4 ,h>d+'s ,t9t1 #chj4 ,h>mony ( col\r1 #ac-bd4 ,hat*+ ( col\rs1 #ah4 ,haydon1 #bic4 ,h]cules ,tyrius1 #bif4 ,holy ,gre51 #bhc4 ,hook]'s ,gre51 #bha4 ,h\ng hoa1 #cif4 ,hues1 #bg1 #cj4 ,hung>y ,blue1 #ahi4 ,gre51 #bgd4 ,hunt1 ,w41 #cae4 ,hypoca/anum1 #ceg4 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,t]ti>y1 #cbj4 ,,russet ,,pigm5ts3-- ,field's ,russet1 #cba4 ,mix$ ,russet1 #cbb4 ,orange ,russet1 #cba4 ,prussiate ( ,copp]1 #cbc4 ,rub5s' ,madd]1 #cba4 ,russet ,rubiate1 #cba4 ,s4 ,sacc1 ,m41 #dad4 ,saffl[]1 #agd4 ,samuel ,pr\t1 #cdf4 ,s&al ,r$1 #age4 ,wood ,purple1 #cjg4 ,s&>ac1 #bei4 ,sap ,gre51 #bhb4 ,sat9 ,:ite1 #hj4 ,saturn9e ,r$1 #aea4 ,sauc]s1 ,p9k1 #agd4 ,saund]s ,blue1 #bcj4 ,saxon ,blue1 #ahi4 ,gre51 #bga4 ,smalts1 #bae4 ,sc>let ,*rome1 #aea4 ,iod9e1 #aej4 ,lake1 #acf4 ,o*re1 #adi4 ,pure1 #aej4 transp>5t1 a1 rew>d =1 #acj4 sub/itute =1 #acj4 ,v]milion1 #aef4 ,s*eele's ,gre51 #bgb4 ,olive1 #ccb4 ,s*ools ( pa9t+1 #h-aj1 #cg4 ,s*unck1 ,dr41 #adj4 ,s*we9furt ,blue1 #bcj4 ,gre51 #bga4 ,olive1 #ccb4 ,sc(f]n1 ,dr41 #ceg4 ,sea1 ! ,dead1 #ccg4 transp>5cy ( !1 #bfi4 ,second>y col\rs1 #bh4 pigm5ts1 #bdb4 ,semi-,neutral col\rs1 #bi4 ! t]m1 #ccd4 ,semi-/ability1 on1 #cjh4 ,semi-/able pigm5ts1 #bih1 #cac4 ,sepia1 #cdh1 #cig4 ,liquid1 #cdh4 ,roman1 #cej4 ,w>m1 #cea4 ,%ades1 #ba4 ,%ad[1 col\r (1 #bg1 #cj4 ,siccatives1 #ea-ec4 ,si5na1 ,burnt1 #bdc4 ,raw1 #aac4 ,t]ra di1 #aac4 ,sil ,atticum1 #adg4 ,silicate ( ,b>yta1 #bij4 ,silice\s pa9t+1 ,ultram>9e 91 #bab4 ,silv] ,r$1 #agf4 ,:ite1 #ga4 ,s9op]1 #aea4 ,slate ,clays1 #chj4 p[d]$1 #chj4 ,smalt1 #aie-aih4 adult]ation (1 #aih4 ,copp]1 #bbi4 ,smalt1 gr9d+ (1 #aig4 9 mural decoration1 #aih4 9 pap]1 #aif4 ,iron1 #bah4 ,soap & alkali 9 bru%es1 #eb4 ,socit d',enc\ragem5t ( ,p>is1 #baj4 ,society ( ,arts1 #acj4 ,soda flame1 #aia4 ,solid ,fr5* ,purple1 #cjd4 ,sorgho ,r$1 #agf4 ,s\rces ( pigm5ts1 #fj4 ,s\? ,am]ica1 *ica f1 #cfh4 ,spani% ,black1 #dji4 ,br[n1 #adf4 ,o*re1 #bee4 ,r$1 #aej4 ,s*ools1 #h4 ,:ite1 #hj4 ,sp5ce1 ,mr41 #fh4 ,spruce ,o*re1 #ajh4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 palace at1 #bai4 ,/>*1 #ff4 ,/il de ,gra91 ,br[n1 #cab4 ,/ippl+1 #cae4 ,/one1 ,arm5ian1 #bbh4 lapis lazuli1 #bag1 #bai4 mala*ite1 #bgd4 ,o*re1 #aji4 ,/rontian ,yell[1 #aac4 ,sulphate ( ,lead1 #gb4 z9c1 #ea4 ,sulphide ( cadmium1 ?allium 91 #bfj4 ,sulphur & o*res1 #cei4 ,sulphurett$ hydrog51 pigm5ts affect$ by1 #ci1 #fg1 #fi1 #gc1 #gh1 #gi1 #ic1 #ajc1 #abj1 #aea1 #aeb1 #bbi1 #bdh1 #bge1 #bgf4 ,susa1 #bif4 ,sw$i% ,gre51 #bgb4 ,synonyms1 value (1 #ade4 ,t4 ,tal5t ( money1 #bif4 ,t5i]s1 #cfj4 ,t]ra di ,si5na1 #aac4 ,burnt1 #bdc4 ,orellana1 #bee4 ,puzzoli1 #adi4 ,s9opica1 #adg4 ,t]re ,bleu1 #bbh4 ,v]te1 #bhc4 ,olive1 #ccc4 ,t]r5e :ites1 #ff1 #hj4 ,t]ti>y col\rs1 #bh4 on1 #caa4 ,?allium1 9 sulphide ( cadmium1 #bfj4 ,orange1 #bei4 ,r$1 #agg4 ,yell[1 #abb4 ,!bes1 mausoleum at1 #c4 ,?n>d1 ,m41 #fi1 #aib4 ,?n>d's ,blue1 #aib4 ,!ophra/us1 #aih4 ,!ory & practice1 #daj4 ,?waites' ,yell[1 #abb4 ,"t1 pigm5ts affect$ by1 #dj4 ,t9 ,p9k1 #agg4 ,violet1 #cjh4 ,:ite1 #gi4 ,t9-,copp] ,gre51 #bhf4 ,t9t1 ,h>d+'s1 #chj4 ,macph]son's1 #chj4 ,neutral1 #cgg4 ,t9toret1 #h4 ,t9ts1 #bg4 ,titanium ,gre51 #bij4 ,titian1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aa1 #cg1 #aej1 #aeg1 #bic1 #ccd4 ,transp>5cy ( pigm5ts1 #dh4 to obta91 #bde4 ,transp>5t ,gold ,o*re1 #ajh4 ,oxide ( ,*romium1 #bfh4 pigm5ts1 use (1 #bcg4 ,troy ,:ite1 #hj4 ,true ,*rome ,gre51 #bfg4 ,prussian ,gre51 #bha4 ,ultram>9e1 #baf4 ,tru? ( hue 9 pigm5ts1 #dg4 ,tullus ,ho/ilius1 #bie4 ,tung/5 ,blue1 #bcc4 ,:ite1 #dad4 ,turac9e1 #afe4 ,turbi? ,m9]al1 #abc4 ,turkey ,b]ries1 #cab4 ,turnbull's ,blue1 #bjh4 ,turn]1 #cji1 #cbh4 ,turn]'s ,yell[1 #aba4 ,tyrian ,purple1 #bie1 #bif4 ,u4 ,ultram>9e1 ,artificial1 #bji-baf4 acid pigm5ts )1 #bad4 adult]ation (1 #bae4 exp]im5t )1 #bac4 gre5 91 #baa4 gum )1 #bad4 9 silice\s pa9t+1 #bab4 te/ =1 #bab4 ,ultram>9e ,a%1 #cgi4 ,begg>s'1 #dji4 ,brilliant1 #bae4 ,cobalt1 #aib4 ,dut*1 #ahi4 ,factiti\s1 #bae4 ,fr5*1 #bae4 ,ultram>9e1 ,g5u9e1 #baf-bbe4 adult]ation (1 #bbd4 col\r+ matt] (1 #bbd4 defects 91 #bbb1 #bbc4 manufacture (1 #bbj4 price (1 #bbj4 prop]ties (1 #bba4 te/s =1 #bbd4 ,ultram>9e1 ,gmel9's ,g]man1 #bji4 ,gre51 #bhg4 ,guimet's1 #bji-baa4 ,native1 #baf4 ,natural1 #baf4 ,pure1 #bag4 ,real1 #baf4 ,r$1 #agh4 ,true1 #baf4 ,umb]1 #cae4 ,burnt1 #cda4 gr\nds prim$ )1 #caf4 ,raw1 #cae4 ,unnecess>y mixture1 #ce4 ,uranium ,br[n1 #cfj1 ,gre51 #bia4 ,orange1 #bfj4 ,r$1 #agi4 ,yell[1 #abc4 ,ure1 ,dr41 #gc4 ,v4 ,vanadium ,gre51 #bia4 ,v&yke1 #aa1 #aej1 #bbj1 #cea4 ,br[n1 #cea4 ,van ,eyck1 #afg4 ,v>ni%es1 #cc1 #aeb4 ,vegetal *>coal1 #cih4 ,vehicles ) pigm5ts1 #dh-ec4 ,velasquez1 #chi4 ,v5etian ,gre51 #bhc4 ,lake1 #acg4 pa9t]s1 pa9t+1 & pigm5ts1 #g1 #h1 #cd1 #cg1 #aci1 #afg4 ,r$1 #adi4 ,:ite1 #ge4 ,v]de ,vessie1 #bhb4 ,v]detto1 #bhc4 ,v]digris1 #ea1 #bgf4 ,burnt1 #cca4 ,di/ill$1 #bgf4 ,v]dit]1 ,blue1 #bbh4 ,gre51 #bhg4 ,v]milion1 #aec-aeh4 adult]ation (1 #aef4 ,c>m9e1 #aef4 ,*9ese1 & ,engli%1 #aef1 #adf4 ,deep1 #aed4 ,european & ,*9ese1 #aed4 ,extract (1 #aeg4 ,field's ,orange1 #aeh4 manufacture (1 #aed4 ,orange1 #aeg4 ,v]milion ,pale1 #aed4 ,sc>let1 #aef4 ) co*9eal lake1 #acf4 ) iodide ( m]cury1 #aee4 ,v]ona ,br[n1 #cec4 ,gre51 #bhc4 ,v]onese ,gre51 #bfh4 ,fr5*1 #bfh4 ,v]t de ,z9c1 #bhe4 ,vici\s extremes 9 col\r+1 #ei4 ,vi5na ,blue1 #aib4 ,gre51 #bga4 ,:ite1 #gb4 ,v9e ,black1 #cid4 ,violet1 ,c>m9e1 #cjb4 de ,m>s1 #bij4 ,m>s1 #bij4 ,t91 #cjh4 ,viride ris1 #bgf4 ,viridian1 #db1 #bfi4 ,vision1 d]angem5t (1 #ei4 ,vitrification & p]man5ce1 #aig4 ,vitrifi$ col\rs1 #cc1 #ajc1 #aig4 ,vitruvius1 #bbi4 ,w4 ,wall col\r = picture gall]ies1 #cfc4 space 9 #cfd4 ,walpole1 ,mrs41 #bbj4 ,w>m ,sepia1 #cej4 ,wat]-col\r cakes 9 oil1 #ej4 ,watts1 ,mr41 #afe4 ,wepp51 #cih4 ,:ite1 #bg4 z a col\r1 #fb4 z a pigm5t1 #fd4 ,*alk1 #gi4 col\r z appli$ to1 #fb4 ,:itelac v>ni%1 #ej4 ,:ite ,lead1 #fg-gj4 adult]ation (1 #gj4 col\r re/or$ 91 #fi4 hydrat$ oxide 91 #fh4 loss ( opacity 91 #fh4 use (1 #gj4 ) ,blue ,black1 #cie4 ,bone ,br[n1 #cda4 ,br[n ,p9k1 #cab4 ,cadmium ,yell[1 #hi4 ,c>m9e1 #acd4 ,dragon's ,blood1 #ach4 ,gamboge1 #ig4 ,indian ,lake1 #aci4 ,indigo1 #bja4 ,massicot1 #abj4 ,orpim5t1 #aab4 ,prussian ,blue1 #bjf4 ,r$ ,lead1 #aeb4 ,yell[ ,lakes1 #ii4 ,:ite1 on ! ,neutral1 #fb4 p]fect1 #fb1 #fd4 ,,:ite ,,pigm5ts3-- ,antimony ,:ite1 #gi4 ,ars5ic ,:ite1 #gi4 ,b>ytic ,:ite1 #fe4 ,blanc d',arg5t1 #ga4 ,body ,:ite1 #gb4 ,cadmium ,:ite1 #gh4 ,c]use1 #gd4 ,*9a ,:ite1 #hj4 ,*9ese ,:ite1 #ge4 ,con/ant ,:ite1 #fe4 ,cremnitz or ,kremnitz ,:ite1 #gb4 ,crems or ,krems ,:ite1 #gb4 ,dut* ,:ite1 #gd4 ,flake ,:ite1 #gb4 ,flemi% ,:ite1 #gb4 ,fr5* ,:ite1 #ga4 ,hamburgh ,:ite1 #gd4 ,krems] ,:ite1 #ge4 ,london ,:ite1 #gc4 ,m]cury ,:ite1 #gi4 ,modan or ,morat ,:ite1 #hj4 ,nott+ham ,:ite1 #gc4 ,oxy*loride ( ,lead1 #gc4 ,pattison's ,:ite1 #gc4 ,pe>l ,:ite1 #gh4 ,p]man5t ,:ite1 #fe4 ,roman ,:ite1 #gd4 ,r\5 ,:ite1 #hj4 ,sat9 ,:ite1 #hj4 ,silv] ,:ite1 #ga4 ,spani% ,:ite1 #hj4 ,sulphate ( ,lead1 #gb4 ,t9 ,:ite1 #gi4 ,tung/5 ,:ite1 #dad4 ,troy ,:ite1 #hj4 ,v5etian ,:ite1 #ge4 ,vi5na ,:ite1 #gb4 ,:ite ,lead1 #fg-gj4 ,z9c ,:ite1 #gf4 ,z9c ,:ites1 #ge-gh4 ,:ite1 prop]ties (1 #fb-fd4 use (1 #fd4 ,:ites1 classifi$1 #hj4 9 old pictures1 #fe4 ,williamson1 ,pr(essor1 #bje4 ,wilson1 #ccf4 ,w9t] sc5e1 a wat]-col\r1 #ceb4 ,wong%y ,r$1 #ahj4 ,wood-,t> ,blue1 #bcc4 ,work+ well 9 pigm5ts1 #di4 ,y4 ,yell[1 #bh4 z a col\r1 #hb4 contra/s (1 #hb1 #hc4 ,yell[1 discordant1 #hc4 ,gold51 #bef4 ,madd]1 ,cory's1 #cec4 on ! ,prim>y1 #ha4 ,,yell[ ,,pigm5ts3-- ,antimony ,yell[1 #aje4 ,ars5ic ,yell[1 #aaf4 ,aureol91 #hc-hg4 ,bismu? ,yell[1 #aaf4 ,br[n ,o*re1 #ajh4 ,cadmium ,yell[s1 #hg-ib4 ,cassel ,yell[1 #aba4 ,*9ese ,yell[1 #aaa4 ,*rome ,yell[s1 #ic-ie4 ,citron ,yell[1 #ie4 ,cologne ,yell[1 #id4 ,copp] ,yell[1 #aaf4 ,deep ,cadmium1 #hg4 ,deep ,*rome1 #ic4 ,di ,palito1 #aji4 ,drop ,gum1 #if4 ,dut* ,p9k1 #ajj4 ,engli% ,p9k1 #ajj4 ,extract ( ,gamboge1 #ig4 ,gall/one1 #ie4 ,gamboge1 #if4 ,gelb9's ,yell[1 #aag4 ,giallol9o1 #ajc4 ,indian ,yell[1 #ih4 ,indium ,yell[1 #aag4 ,iod9e ,yell[1 #aah4 ,iron ,yell[1 #ajb1 #aah4 ,italian ,p9k1 #ajj4 ,jaune de ,cologne1 #id4 ,jaune de ,f]1 #ajb4 ,jaune de ,m>s1 #ajb4 ,jaune ,m9rale1 #id4 ,k+'s ,yell[1 #aaa4 ,lakes1 #ii1 #ajj4 ,lemon ,cadmium1 #ia4 ,lemon ,yell[1 #aja4 ,li?>ge1 #abj4 ,madd] ,yell[1 #aah1 #cec4 ,m>s ,yell[1 #ajb4 ,massicot1 #abj4 ,m9]al ,yell[1 #ajf1 #aaf1 #aba4 ,montpelli] ,yell[1 #aba4 ,mutrie ,yell[1 #ib4 ,naples ,yell[1 #ajc4 ,o*res1 #aje-aji4 ,ocre de ,ru1 #ajh4 ,ori5t ,yell[1 #aaj4 ,orpim5t or ,yell[ ,orpim5t1 #aaa4 ,ox=d ,o*re1 #aji4 ,pale ,cadmium1 #ij4 ,pale ,*rome1 #ic4 ,pat5t ,yell[1 #aba4 ,plat9um ,yell[1 #aba4 ,purree1 #ih4 ,que5's ,yell[1 #abc4 ,qu]citron ,lake1 or ,yell[1 #ajj4 ,raw ,si5na1 #aac4 ,roman ,o*re1 #ajg4 ,spruce ,o*re1 #ajh4 ,/one ,o*re1 #aji4 ,/rontian ,yell[1 #aac4 ,t]ra di ,si5na1 #aac4 ,?allium ,yell[1 #abb4 ,?waites' ,yell[1 #abb4 ,transp>5t ,gold ,o*re1 #ajh4 ,turbi? ,yell[1 #abc4 ,turn]'s ,yell[1 #aba4 ,uranium ,yell[1 #abc4 ,yell[ ,c>m9e1 #abc4 ,yell[ ,lake1 #ajj4 ,yell[ ,o*re1 #ajf4 ,yell[s1 anci5t1 #e4 classifi$1 #abe4 =m] paucity (1 #hc4 v>i\s1 #abd4 ,z4 ,zaffre1 #ahi4 ,zeuxis & ,apelles1 #g4 ,z9c ,br[n1 #cfj4 ,cobalt ,blue1 #bce4 ,gre51 #bhe4 ,orange1 #bfa1 siccatives1 #ea1 #gg4 ,v]t de1 #bhe4 ,:ite1 #gf4 adult]ation (1 #gg4 ov] ,:ite ,lead1 #gf4 ,:ites1 #ge-gh4 ,,errata4 ,page #af = inh>moni\s read h>moni\s #ce = ,!re prevails read ,!re prevail #dh = z :it5ess1 or light d1 read z :it5ess or light does #aff = purple ( cassius read purple ( ,cassius #ahb = :i* manufactures read :i* manufactures pictures #beh = ,laque ,m9ral read ,laque ,m9rale #cdb = rivals read rivels #cgh = pr$om9ate read pr$om9ates ,,! ,,end4 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ by ,a4 ,s*ulze1 #ac1 ,pol& ,/reet4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! errata above & ! foll[+ h be5 correct$ 9 ! text3 ,page vi ,semi-neutral *ang$ to ,semi-,neutral #aj life less *ang$ to lifeless #ag sun-rise *ang$ to sunrise #bj 9 ! ! *ang$ to 9 ! #bb p]pective *ang$ to p]spective #bi m>one *ang$ to m>rone #fi di-c>bonate *ang$ to dic>bonate #gc hydrogr5 *ang$ to hydrog5 #gg imimical *ang$ to inimical #ha feuillemorte *ang$ to feuillemort #ia ,item numb]+ has be5 left consi/5t ) ! omission ( item no4 #bc #abi extemes *ang$ to extremes #afi muroxide *ang$ to murexide #ahh dullness *ang$ to dulness #aib gaslight *ang$ to gas-light #bjj durablity *ang$ to durability #bjf & #bic developem5t *ang$ to developm5t #bab decoloriz$ *ang$ to decol\ris$ #bce ind5tical *ang$ to id5tical #bda re-act+ *ang$ to react+ #bej ,exibition *ang$ to ,exhibition #bgc *ildr5s' *ang$ to *ildr5's #ccf tone+ *ang$ to ton+ #ceb f9e too?-comb *ang$ to f9e-too? comb #djh analag\s *ang$ to analog\s #dad ann\nce$ *ang$ to ann\nc$ #dba abies *ang$ to ,abies ,inconsi/5cies 9 ! use ( analyse_/analyze1 h>monise_/h>monize & neutralise_/neutralize h be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al text1 z h ! use ( arial & a]ial4 ---------------------------------------- --------------