mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47     
,,dreams  ,,by  ,,h5ri ,,b]gson         
,,translat$1 ,,) ,,an ,,introduction1   
,,by  ,,edw9 ,e4 ,,slosson     ,,new    
,,york  ,b4 ,w4 ,,huebs*  #aiad         
,,copyright1 #aiac1 ,by ,,! ,,indep5d5t 
,,copyright1 #aiad1 ,by ,b4 ,w4 ,,huebs*
   ,fir/ pr9t+1 ,april1 #aiad  ,second  
pr9t+1 ,novemb]1 #aiad     ,,pr9t$ ,,9  
,u4 ,s4 ,a4     ,,introduction   ,be=e !
 dawn ( hi/ory mank9d 0 engag$ 9 ! /udy 
( dream+4 ,! wise man among ! anci5ts 0 
preem95tly ! int]pret] ( dreams4 ,!     
ability to int]pret successfully or     
plausibly 0 ! quicke/ road to royal     
favor1 z ,joseph & ,daniel f\nd x to be2
 failure to give satisfaction 9 ?is     
respect l$ to bani%m5t f c\rt or dea?4  
,:5 a s*ol> labori\sly translates a     
cunei=m tablet dug up f a ,babylonian   
m\nd :]e x has la9 buri$ = five ?\s&    
ye>s or m1 ! *ances are t x w turn out  
ei!r an a/rological treatise or a dream 
book4 ,if ! =m]1 we look ^u x ) "s      
indulg5ce2 if ! latt] ) pure contempt4  

,= we "k t ! /udy ( ! />s1 ?\gh und]tak5
 = selfi% reasons & pursu$ 9 ! _s (     
*>latanry1 l$ at l5g? to physical       
sci5ce1 :ile ! /udy ( dreams has prov$ z
 unpr(itable z ! dream+ ( !m4 ,out (    
a/rology grew a/ronomy4 ,out (          
oneiromancy has gr[n--no?+4  ,t at lea/ 
0 sub/antially true up to ! beg9n+ ( !  
pres5t c5tury4 ,dream books 9 all       
languages cont9u$ to sell 9 *eap        
editions & ! int]pret]s ( dreams made a 
dec5t or1 at any rate1 a com=table liv+ 
out ( ! poor] classes4 ,b ! psy*ologi/  
r>ely paid att5tion to dreams except    
incid5tally 9 8 /udy ( imag]y1          
association & ! spe$ ( ?\ght4 ,b n[ a   
*ange has come ov] ! _s ( ! times4 ,!   
subject ( ! significance ( dreams1 s    
long ignor$1 has sudd5ly become a matt] 
( en]getic /udy & ( fi]y controv]sy ! _w
 ov]4  ,! cause ( ?is revival ( int]e/  
is ! new po9t ( view br\ght =w>d by     
,pr(essor ,b]gson 9 ! pap] :i* is "h    
made accessible to ! ,engli%-read+      
public4 ,?is is ! idea t we c explore ! 

unconsci\s sub/ratum ( our m5tality1 !  
/oreh\se ( our memories1 by means (     
dreams1 = ^! memories are by no means   
in]t1 b h1 z x 71 a life & purpose ( _! 
own1 & /rive to rise into consci\sness  
:5ev] !y get a *ance1 ev5 into !        
semi-consci\sness ( a dream4 ,to use    
,pr(essor ,b]gson's /rik+ metaphor1 our 
memories are pack$ away "u pressure l   
/eam 9 a boil] & ! dream is _! escape   
valve4  ,t ?is is m ?an a m]e metaphor  
has be5 prov$ by ,pr(essor ,freud & o!rs
 ( ! ,vi5na s*ool1 :o cure cases (      
hy/]ia by induc+ ! pati5t to give       
expression to ! secret anxieties &      
emotions :i*1 unkn[n to him1 h be5 prey+
 ^u 8 m9d4 ,! clue to ^! di/urb+ ?\ghts 
is g5]ally obta9$ 9 dreams or simil>    
/ates ( relax$ consci\sness4 ,accord+ to
 ! ,freudians a dream always means      
some?+1 b nev] :at x appe>s to mean4 ,x 
is symbolic & expresses desires or fe>s 
:i* we refuse ord9>ily to admit to      
consci\sness1 ei!r because !y are pa9ful
 or because !y are repugnant to our     

moral nature4 ,a wat*man is /ation$ at !
 gate ( consci\sness to keep !m back1 b 
sometimes ^! unwelcome intrud]s slip pa/
 him 9 disguise4 ,9 ! h&s ( fanatical   
,freudians ?is !ory has develop$ !      
wilde/ extravagancies1 & ! volum9\s     
lit]ature ( psy*o-analysis conta9s mu* t
 seems to ! layman q z absurd z ! /uff  
:i* fills ! tw5ty-five c5t dream book4  
,x is impossible to believe t !         
subconsci\sness ( e "o ( u conta9s no?+ 
b ! f\l & mon/r\s specim5s :i* !y dr$ge 
up f ! m5tal dep?s ( _! neuropa?ic      
pati5ts & exhibit ) su* pride4          
,b]gson's view seems to me tru] z x is  
c]ta9ly m agreeable1 t we keep /or$ away
 some:]e all our memories1 ! good z well
 z ! evil1 ! pleasant toge!r ) !        
unpleasant4 ,!re may be nightm>es d[n   
cell>1 z we ?\ght z a *ild1 b ev5 9 ^?  
days we knew h[ to dodge !m :5 we w5t   
aft] apples2 t is1 take d[n a light &   
slam ! door quickly on com+ up4         
,maet]l9ck1 too1 knew ?is trick ( our   
*ildhood4 ,:5 9 ! ,palace ( ,night sc5e 

( 8 fairy play1 ! r$\btable ,tyltyl     
unlocks ! cage :]e are conf9$ !         
nightm>es & all o!r evil imag9+s1 he    
%uts ! door 9 "t to keep !m 9 & !n op5s 
ano!r reveal+ a lovely g>d5 full ( blue 
birds1 :i*1 ?\gh !y fade & die :5 br\ght
 into ! light ( common day1 yet enc\rage
 him to cont9ue 8 se>* = ! ,blue ,bird t
 nev] fades1 b lives ev]la/+ly4 ,! new  
sci5ce ( dreams is giv+ a deep]         
significance to ! trite wi% ( ,good     
night & pleasant dreams6 ,x means sweet 
sanity & m5tal heal?1 pure ?\ghts & good
 w to all m54  ,pr(essor ,b]gson's !ory 
( dream+ "h set =? 9 unte*nical         
language1 fits into a p>ticul> ni*e 9 8 
g5]al sy/em ( philosophy z well z does 8
 little book on ,laught]4 ,) ! ma9      
features ( 8 philosophy ! ,engli%-read+ 
public is bett] acqua9t$ ?an ) any o!r  
contempor>y sy/em1 = 8 books h sold ev5 
m rapidly "h ?an 9 ,france4 ,:5         
,pr(essor ,b]gson visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 two ye>s ago ! lecture-rooms (         
,columbia ,univ]sity1 l ^? ( ! ,college 

de ,france1 7 pack$ to ! doors & !      
effect ( 8 message 0 enhanc$ by 8       
eloqu5ce ( deliv]y & *>m ( p]sonality4  
,! pragmatic "* ( 8 philosophy appeals  
to ! g5ius ( ! ,am]ican p z is %[n by ! 
influ5ce ( ! tea*+ ( ,william ,james &  
,john ,dewey1 ^: po9t ( view 9 ?is      
respect resembles ,b]gson's4  ,dur+ !   
pres5t g5]ation *emi/ry & biology h     
pass$ f ! descriptive to ! creative     
/age4 ,man is becom+ ! ov]lord ( !      
m9]al1 vegetable & animal k+doms4 ,he is
 le>n+ to make gems & p]fumes1 drugs &  
foods1 to suit 8 ta/es1 in/ead ( dep5d+ 
^u ! *ance b\nty ( nature4 ,he is beg9n+
 consci\sly to adapt means to ends & to 
plan = ! future ev5 9 ! field (         
politics4 ,he has op5$ up ! atom & f9ds 
9 x a microcosm m complex ?an ! sol>    
sy/em4 ,he beholds ! elem5ts melt+ )    
f]v5t heat & he turns _! rays to ! heal+
 ( 8 sores4 ,he drives ! lightn+ ?r\gh !
 air & ) ! product fe$s 8 crops4 ,he    
makes ! des]t to blossom z ! rose & out 
( ! sea he draws =? dry l&4 ,he treats !

 e>? z 8 habitation1 remodel+ x 9       
accordance ) 8 ev]-v>y+ ne$s & increas+ 
ambitions4  ,?is mod]n man1 plann+1     
contriv+ & mak+1 f9ds ,paley's wat* z   
little to 8 m9d z ,lucretius's bl9d fl[ 
( atoms4 ,a univ]se w\nd up once = all &
 do+ no?+ !reaft] b m>k "t is z         
incompreh5sible to him z a univ]se t    
nev] _h a m9d ( its own & kn[s no       
diff]5ce betwe5 pa/ & future4 ,! idea ( 
et]nal recurr5ce does n fright5 him z x 
did ,nietzs*e1 = he feels x to be       
impossible4 ,! me*ani/ic int]pretation (
 natural ph5om5a develop$ dur+ ! la/    
c5tury he accepts at its full value1 &  
w\ld ext5d exp]im5tally z f> z x w g1 = 
he f9ds x n invalid b inadequate4  ,to  
m9ds ( ?is temp]am5t x is no wond] t    
,b]gson's ,creative ,evolution came ) ! 
=ce ( an inspiration4 ,m5 felt !mselves 
ak9 to ?is upw>d impulse1 ?is elan      
vital1 :i*1 /ruggl+ ?r\gh\t ! ages ) !  
intractabl5ess ( in]t matt]1 yet f9ally 
9 "s way or o!r =ces x to its w1 & ev]  
/rives t[>d ! increase ( vitality1      

m5tality1 p]sonality4  ,b]gson has be5  
reluctant to commit himself on ! "q (   
immortality1 b he ( late has become q   
conv9c$ ( x4 ,he ev5 goes s f> z to ?9k 
x possible t we may f9d exp]im5tal      
evid5ce ( p]sonal p]si/5ce aft] dea?4   
,?is at lea/ we might inf] f 8 rec5t    
acceptance ( ! presid5cy ( ! ,briti%    
,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*4 ,9 8 op5+ 
address be=e ! ,society1 ,may #bh1      
#aiac1 he discuss$ ! "q ( telepa?y & 9 t
 connection he expla9$ 8 !ory ( !       
relation ( m9d & bra9 9 ! foll[+        
language4 ,i quote f ! report 9 !       
,london ,times3        ,! role ( ! bra9 
is to br+ back ! remembrance ( an       
action1 to prolong ! remembrance 9      
movem5ts4 ,if "o c\ld see      all t    
takes place 9 ! int]ior ( ! bra91 "o    
w\ld f9d      t t :i* takes place !re   
corresponds to a small "p only      ( ! 
life ( ! m9d4 ,! bra9 simply extracts f 
! life (      ! m9d t :i* is capable (  
repres5tation 9 movem5t4 ,!      c]ebral
 life is to ! m5tal life :at ! movem5ts 

( ! baton      ( a conductor are to !   
,symphony4       ,! bra91 !n1 is t :i*  
all[s ! m9d to adju/ itself      exactly
 to circum/ances4 ,x is ! organ (       
att5tion to life4      ,%\ld x become   
d]ang$1 h[ev] slightly1 ! m9d is no     
long]      fitt$ to ! circum/ances2 x   
w&]s1 dreams4 ,_m =ms (      m5tal      
ali5ation are no?+ else4 ,b f ?is x     
results t      "o ( ! roles ( ! bra9 is 
to limit ! vision ( !      m9d1 to r5d] 
its action m efficaci\s4 ,?is is :at we 
obs]ve 9 reg>d to ! memory1 :]e ! role (
 ! bra9 is      to mask ! useless "p (  
our pa/ 9 ord] to all[ only !           
useful remembrances to appe>4 ,c]ta9    
useless recollections1 or      dream    
remembrances1 manage nev]!less to appe> 
also1 & to =m      a vague fr+e ar\nd ! 
di/9ct recollections4 ,x w\ld n be      
at all surpris+ if p]ceptions ( ! organs
 ( our s5ses1      useful p]ceptions1 7 
! result ( a selection or ( a           
canalization work$ by ! organs ( our    
s5ses 9 ! int]e/ (      our action1 b t 

!re %\ld yet be ar\nd ^? p]ceptions a   
fr+e ( vague p]ceptions1 capable (      
becom+ m di/9ct 9      extraord9>y1     
abnormal cases4 ,^? w\ld be precisely ! 
cases      ) :i* psy*ical rese>* w\ld   
deal4   ,?is conception ( m5tal action  
=ms1 z w be se51 ! f\ndation ( ! !ory ( 
dreams :i* ,pr(essor ,b]gson fir/       
pres5t$ 9 a lecture be=e ! ,in/itut     
psy*ologique1 ,m>* #bf1 #aija4 ,x 0     
publi%$ 9 ! ,revue sci5tifique ( ,june  
#h1 #aija4 ,an ,engli% translation1     
revis$ by ! au?or & pr9t$ 9 ,!          
,indep5d5t ( ,octob] #bc & #cj1 #aiac1  
"h appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 book =m4  ,9 ?is
 essay ,pr(essor ,b]gson made sev]al    
contributions to our k ( dreams4 ,he    
%[$1 9 ! fir/ place1 t dream+ is n s    
unlike ! ord9>y process ( p]ception z _h
 be5 hi!rto suppos$4 ,bo? use s5se      
impressions z crude mat]ial to be mold$ 
& def9$ by ! aid ( memory images4 ,"h1  
too1 he set =? ! idea1 :i* he1 s f> z ,i
 "k1 0 ! fir/ to =mulate1 t sleep is a  
/ate ( dis9t]e/$ness1 a !ory :i* has    

s9ce be5 adopt$ by sev]al psy*ologi/s4  
,9 ?is address1 also1 0 br\ght into     
consid]ation = ! fir/ "t ! idea t ! self
 may g ?r\gh diff]5t degrees ( t5sion--a
 !ory ref]r$ to 9 8 ,matt] & ,memory4   
,its *ief int]e/ = ! g5]al read] w1     
h[ev]1 lie 9 ! explanation x gives him (
 ! cause ( "s ( 8 famili> dreams4 ,he   
may by practice become ! int]pret] ( 8  
own visions & s come to an und]/&+ ( !  
vag>ies ( t my/]i\s & insep>able        
companion1 8 dream-self4                
,,edw9 ,e4 ,,slosson4    ,,new ,,york   
,,city1   ,,febru>y #aj1 #aiad4         
,,dreams   ,! subject :i* ,i h to       
discuss "h is s complex1 x raises s _m  
que/ions ( all k9ds1 difficult1 obscure1
 "s psy*ological1 o!rs physiological &  
metaphysical2 9 ord] to be treat$ 9 a   
complete mann] x requires su* a long    
developm5t--& we h s little space1 t ,i 
%all ask y\r p]mission to disp5se ) all 
preamble1 to set aside uness5tials1 & to
 g at once to ! he>t ( ! "q4  ,a dream  
is ?is4 ,i p]ceive objects & !re is no?+

 !re4 ,i see m52 ,i seem to speak to !m 
& ,i he> :at !y answ]2 !re is no "o !re 
& ,i h n spok54 ,x is all z if real ?+s 
& real p]sons 7 !re1 !n on wak+ all has 
disappe>$1 bo? p]sons & ?+s4 ,h[ does   
?is happ58  ,b1 fir/1 is x true t !re is
 no?+ !re8 ,i mean1 is !re n pres5t$ a  
c]ta9 s5se mat]ial to our eyes1 to our  
e>s1 to our t\*1 etc41 dur+ sleep z well
 z dur+ wak+8  ,close ! eyes & look     
att5tively at :at goes on 9 ! field (   
our vision4 ,_m p]sons que/ion$ on ?is  
po9t w\ld say t no?+ goes on1 t !y see  
no?+4 ,no wond] at ?is1 = a c]ta9 am\nt 
( practise is necess>y to be able to    
obs]ve oneself satisfactorily4 ,b j give
 ! requisite ef=t ( att5tion1 & y w     
di/+ui%1 little by little1 _m ?+s4      
,fir/1 9 g5]al1 a black backgr\nd4 ,^u  
?is black backgr\nd occasionally        
brilliant po9ts :i* come & g1 ris+ &    
desc5d+1 sl[ly & s$ately4 ,m (t51 spots 
( _m colors1 sometimes v dull1          
sometimes1 on ! contr>y1 ) c]ta9 p1 s   
brilliant t reality _c comp>e ) x4 ,^!  

spots spread & %r9k1 *ang+ =m & color1  
con/antly displac+ "o ano!r4 ,sometimes 
! *ange is sl[ & gradual1 sometimes aga9
 x is a :irlw9d ( v]tig9\s rapidity4    
,:5ce comes all ?is phantasmagoria8 ,!  
physiologi/s & ! psy*ologi/s h /udi$ ?is
 play ( colors4 ,ocul> spectra1 color$  
spots1 phosph5es1 su* are ! names t !y h
 giv5 to ! ph5om5on4 ,!y expla9 x ei!r  
by ! slight modifications :i* occur     
ceaselessly 9 ! ret9al circulation1 or  
by ! pressure t ! clos$ lid ex]ts ^u !  
eyeball1 caus+ a me*anical excitation ( 
! optic n]ve4 ,b ! explanation ( !      
ph5om5on & ! "n t is giv5 to x matt]s   
little4 ,x occurs univ]sally & x        
con/itutes--,i may say at once--!       
pr9cipal mat]ial ( :i* we %ape our      
dreams1 su* /uff z dreams are made on4  
,?irty or =ty ye>s ago1 ,m4 ,alfr$      
,maury &1 ab\t ! same "t1 ,m4 d',h]vey1 
( ,/4 ,d5is1 _h obs]v$ t at ! mom5t (   
fall+ asleep ^! color$ spots & mov+ =ms 
consolidate1 fix !mselves1 take on      
def9ite outl9es1 ! outl9es ( ! objects &

 ( ! p]sons :i* p our dreams4 ,b ?is is 
an obs]vation to be accept$ ) caution1  
s9ce x emanates f psy*ologi/s already   
half asleep4 ,m rec5tly an ,am]ican     
psy*ologi/1 ,pr(essor ,ladd1 ( ,yale1   
has devis$ a m rigor\s me?od1 b (       
difficult application1 because x        
requires a sort ( tra9+4 ,x consi/s 9   
acquir+ ! habit on awak5+ 9 ! morn+ (   
keep+ ! eyes clos$ & reta9+ = "s m9utes 
! dream t is fad+ f ! field ( vision &  
soon w\ld d\btless h fad$ f t ( memory4 
,!n "o sees ! figures & objects ( !     
dream melt away little by little into   
phosph5es1 id5tify+ !mselves ) ! color$ 
spots t ! eye really p]ceives :5 ! lids 
are clos$4 ,"o reads1 = example1 a      
newspap]2 t is ! dream4 ,"o awak5s & !re
 rema9s ( ! newspap]1 ^: def9ite outl9es
 are eras$1 only a :ite spot ) black    
m>ks "h & !re2 t is ! reality4 ,or our  
dream takes u ^u ! op5 sea--r\nd ab\t u 
! ocean spreads its waves ( yell[i% gray
 ) "h & !re a cr[n ( :ite foam4 ,on     
awak5+1 x is all lo/ 9 a great spot1    

half yell[ & half gray1 s[n ) brilliant 
po9ts4 ,! spot 0 !re1 ! brilliant po9ts 
7 !re4 ,!re 0 really pres5t$ to our     
p]ceptions1 9 sleep1 a visual du/1 & x 0
 ?is du/ :i* s]v$ = ! fabrication ( our 
dreams4  ,w ?is alone suffice8 ,/ill    
consid]+ ! s5sation ( sight1 we ought to
 add to ^! visual s5sations :i* we may  
call int]nal all ^? :i* cont9ue to come 
to u f an ext]nal s\rce4 ,! eyes1 :5    
clos$1 /ill di/+ui% light f %ade1 & ev51
 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 diff]5t lights f "o  
ano!r4 ,^! s5sations ( light1 emanat+ f 
)\t1 are at ! bottom ( _m ( our dreams4 
,a c&le abruptly light$ 9 ! room w1 =   
example1 sugge/ to ! sleep]1 if 8 slumb]
 is n too deep1 a dream dom9at$ by !    
image ( fire1 ! idea ( a burn+ build+4  
,p]mit me to cite to y two obs]vations (
 ,m4 ,tissie on ?is subject3  ,b----    
,leon dreams t ! !at] ( ,alex&ria is on 
fire2 ! flame lights up ! :ole place4   
,all ( a sudd5 he f9ds himself          
transport$ to ! mid/ ( ! f\nta9 9 !     
public squ>e2 a l9e ( fire runs along ! 

*a9s :i* connect ! great po/s plac$     
ar\nd ! m>g94 ,!n he f9ds himself 9     
,p>is at ! exposition1 :i* is on fire4  
,he takes "p 9 t]rible sc5es1 etc4 ,he  
wakes ) a />t2 8 eyes cat* ! rays (     
light project$ by ! d>k lant]n :i* !    
night nurse fla%es t[>d 8 b$ 9 pass+4   
,m---- ,b]tr& dreams t he is 9 ! m>9e   
infantry :]e he =m]ly s]v$4 ,he goes to 
,=t-de-,france1 to ,t\lon1 to ,loriet1  
to ,crimea1 to ,con/ant9ople4 ,he sees  
lightn+1 he he>s ?und]1 he takes "p 9 a 
combat 9 :i* he sees fire leap f ! m\?s 
( cannon4 ,he wakes ) a />t4 ,l ,b41 he 
0 wak5$ by a fla% ( light project$ f !  
d>k lant]n ( ! night nurse4 ,su* are (t5
 ! dreams provok$ by a bright & sudd5   
light4  ,v diff]5t are ^? :i* are       
sugge/$ by a mild & cont9u\s light l t (
 ! moon4 ,a4 ,krauss tells h[ "o day on 
awak5+ he p]ceiv$ t he 0 ext5d+ 8 arm   
t[>d :at 9 8 dream appe>$ to him to be !
 image ( a "y girl4 ,little by little   
?is image melt$ into t ( ! full moon :i*
 d>t$ its rays ^u him4 ,x is a curi\s ?+

 t "o might cite o!r examples ( dreams  
:]e ! rays ( ! moon1 c>ess+ ! eyes ( !  
sleep]1 evok$ be=e him virg9al          
app>itions4 ,may we n suppose t su*     
might h be5 ! orig9 9 antiquity ( !     
fable ( ,endymion--,endymion ! %eph]d1  
lapp$ 9 p]petual slumb]1 = :om ! goddess
 ,sel5e1 t is1 ! moon1 is smitt5 ) love 
:ile he sleeps8  ,i h spok5 ( visual    
s5sations4 ,!y are ! pr9cipal ones4 ,b !
 auditory s5sations nev]!less play a    
role4 ,fir/1 ! e> has also its int]nal  
s5sations1 s5sations ( buzz+1 ( t9kl+1 (
 :i/l+1 difficult to isolate & to       
p]ceive :ile awake1 b :i* are cle>ly    
di/+ui%$ 9 sleep4 ,besides t we cont9ue1
 :5 once asleep1 to he> ext]nal s\nds4  
,! creak+ ( furniture1 ! crackl+ ( !    
fire1 ! ra9 beat+ aga9/ ! w9d[1 ! w9d   
play+ its *romatic scale 9 ! *imney1 su*
 are ! s\nds :i* come to ! e> ( ! sleep]
 & :i* ! dream conv]ts1 accord+ to      
circum/ances1 into conv]sation1 s++1    
cries1 music1 etc4 ,scissors 7 /ruck    
aga9/ ! tongs 9 ! e>s ( ,alfr$ ,maury   

:ile he slept4 ,imm$iately he dreamt t  
he he>d ! tocs9 & took "p 9 ! ev5ts (   
,june1 #ahdh4 ,su* obs]vations &        
exp]i5ces are num]\s4 ,b let u ha/5 to  
say t s\nds d n play 9 our dreams s     
important a role z colors4 ,our dreams  
are1 above all1 visual1 & ev5 m visual  
?an we ?9k4 ,to :om has x n happ5$--z   
,m4 ,max ,simon has rem>k$--to talk 9 a 
dream ) a c]ta9 p]son1 to dream a :ole  
conv]sation1 & !n1 all ( a sudd51 a     
s+ul> ph5om5on /rikes ! att5tion ( !    
dream]4 ,he p]ceives t he does n speak1 
t he has n spok51 t 8 int]locutor has n 
utt]$ a s+le ^w1 t x 0 a simple ex*ange 
( ?\ght betwe5 !m1 a v cle> conv]sation1
 9 :i*1 nev]!less1 no?+ has be5 he>d4 ,!
 ph5om5on is easily en\gh expla9$4 ,x is
 9 g5]al necess>y = u to he> s\nds 9 a  
dream4 ,f no?+ we c make no?+4 ,& :5 we 
are n provid$ ) sonor\s mat]ial1 a dream
 w\ld f9d x h>d to manufacture sonority4
  ,!re is mu* m to say ab\t ! s5sations 
( t\* ?an ab\t ^? ( he>+1 b ,i mu/ ha/54
 ,we c\ld talk = h\rs ab\t ! s+ul>      

ph5om5a :i* result f ! confus$ s5sations
 ( t\* dur+ sleep4 ,^! s5sations1 m+l+ )
 ! images :i* occupy our visual field1  
modify !m or arrange !m 9 _! own way4   
,(t5 9 ! mid/ ( ! night ! contact ( our 
body ) its light clo?+ makes itself felt
 all at once & rem9ds u t we are lightly
 clo!d4 ,!n1 if our dream is at ! mom5t 
tak+ u ?r\gh ! /reet1 x is 9 ?is simple 
attire t we pres5t ourselves to ! gaze (
 ! pass]s-by1 )\t _! appe>+ to be       
a/oni%$ by x4 ,we are ourselves a/oni%$ 
9 ! dream1 b t nev] appe>s to a/oni% o!r
 p4 ,i cite ?is dream because x is      
frequ5t4 ,!re is ano!r :i* _m ( u mu/ h 
exp]i5c$4 ,x consi/s ( feel+ oneself    
fly+ ?r\gh ! air or float+ 9 space4     
,once hav+ _h ?is dream1 "o may be q    
sure t x w reappe>2 & e "t t x recurs ! 
dream] reasons 9 ?is way3 ,i h _h be=e  
n[ 9 a dream ! illusion ( fly+ or       
float+1 b ?is "t x is ! real ?+4 ,x has 
c]ta9ly prov$ to me t we may free       
ourselves f ! law ( gravitation4 ,n[1 if
 y wake abruptly f ?is dream1 y c       

analyze x )\t difficulty1 if y und]take 
x imm$iately4 ,y w see t y feel v cle>ly
 t y\r feet are n t\*+ ! e>?4 ,&1       
nev]!less1 n believ+ y\rself asleep1 y h
 lo/ sight ( ! fact t y are ly+ d[n4    
,!re=e1 s9ce y are n ly+ d[n & yet y\r  
feet d n feel ! resi/ance ( ! gr\nd1 !  
conclusion is natural t y are float+ 9  
space4 ,notice ?is also3 :5 levitation  
accompanies ! flight1 x is on "o side   
only t y make an ef=t to fly4 ,& if y   
woke at t mom5t y w\ld f9d t ?is side is
 ! "o on :i* y are ly+1 & t ! s5sation (
 ef=t = flight co9cides ) ! real        
s5sation giv5 y by ! pressure ( y\r body
 aga9/ ! b$4 ,?is s5sation ( pressure1  
dissociat$ f its cause1 becomes a pure &
 simple s5sation ( ef=t &1 jo9$ to !    
illusion ( float+ 9 space1 is suffici5t 
to produce ! dream4  ,x is int]e/+ to   
see t ^! s5sations ( pressure1 m\nt+1 s 
to speak1 to ! level ( our visual field 
& tak+ advantage ( ! lum9\s du/ :i*     
fills x1 effect its trans=mation into   
=ms & colors4 ,m4 ,max ,simon tells (   

hav+ a /range & some:at pa9ful dream4   
,he dreamt t he 0 confront$ by two piles
 ( gold5 co9s1 side by side & ( unequal 
height1 :i* = "s reason or o!r he _h to 
equalize4 ,b he c\ld n accompli% x4 ,?is
 produc$ a feel+ ( extreme angui%4 ,?is 
feel+1 gr[+ mom5t by mom5t1 f9ally      
awak5$ him4 ,he !n p]ceiv$ t "o ( 8 legs
 0 caught by ! folds ( ! b$clo!s 9 su* a
 way t 8 two feet 7 on diff]5t levels & 
x 0 impossible = him to br+ !m toge!r4  
,f ?is ! s5sation ( inequality1 mak+ an 
irruption into ! visual field & !re     
enc\nt]+ 7su* at lea/ is ! hypo!sis :i* 
,i propose7 "o or m yell[ spots1        
express$ itself visually by ! inequality
 ( ! two piles ( gold pieces4 ,!re is1  
!n1 imman5t 9 ! tactile s5sations dur+  
sleep1 a t5d5cy to visualize !mselves & 
ent] 9 ?is =m into ! dream4  ,m         
important /ill ?an ! tactile s5sations1 
prop]ly speak+1 are ! s5sations :i*     
p]ta9 to :at is sometimes call$ int]nal 
t\*1 deep-seat$ s5sations emanat+ f all 
po9ts ( ! organism &1 m p>ticul>ly1 f ! 

visc]a4 ,"o _c imag9e ! degree (        
%>pness1 ( acuity1 :i* may be obta9$    
dur+ sleep by ^! int]ior s5sations4 ,!y 
d\btless already exi/ z well dur+ wak+4 
,b we are !n di/ract$ by practical      
action4 ,we live outside ( ourselves4 ,b
 sleep makes u retire into ourselves4 ,x
 happ5s frequ5tly t p]sons subject to   
l>yngitis1 amygdalitis1 etc41 dream t !y
 are attack$ by _! affection & exp]i5ce 
a disagreeable t+l+ on ! side ( _!      
?roat4 ,:5 awak5$1 !y feel no?+ m1 &    
believe x an illusion2 b a few h\rs lat]
 ! illusion becomes a reality4 ,!re are 
cit$ maladies & grave accid5ts1 attacks 
( epilepsy1 c>diac affections1 etc41 :i*
 h be5 =ese5 &1 z x 71 prophesi$ 9      
dreams4 ,we ne$ n be a/oni%$1 !n1 t     
philosoph]s l ,s*op5hau] h se5 9 ! dream
 a rev]b]ation1 9 ! he>t ( consci\sness1
 ( p]turbations emanat+ f ! sympa!tic   
n]v\s sy/em2 & t psy*ologi/s l ,s*em] h 
attribut$ to ea* ( our organs ! p[] (   
provok+ a well-det]m9$ k9d ( dream :i*  
repres5ts x1 z x 71 symbolically2 &     

f9ally t physicians l ,artigues h writt5
 treatises on ! semeiological value (   
dreams1 t is to say1 ! me?od ( mak+ use 
( dreams = ! diagnosis ( c]ta9 maladies4
 ,m rec5tly1 ,m4 ,tissie1 ( :om we h j  
spok51 has %[n h[ specific dreams are   
connect$ ) affections ( ! dige/ive1     
respiratory1 & circulatory app>atus4  ,i
 w summ>ize :at ,i h j be5 say+4 ,:5 we 
are sleep+ naturally1 x is n necess>y to
 believe1 z has (t5 be5 suppos$1 t our  
s5ses are clos$ to ext]nal s5sations4   
,our s5ses cont9ue to be active4 ,!y    
act1 x is true1 ) less precision1 b 9   
comp5sation !y embrace a ho/ (          
subjective impressions :i* pass         
unp]ceiv$ :5 we are awake--= !n we live 
9 a _w ( p]ceptions common to all m5--& 
:i* reappe> 9 sleep1 :5 we live only =  
ourselves4 ,?us our faculty ( s5se      
p]ception1 f> f be+ n>r[$ dur+ sleep at 
all po9ts1 is on ! contr>y ext5d$1 at   
lea/ 9 c]ta9 directions1 9 its field (  
op]ations4 ,x is true t x (t5 loses 9   
en]gy1 9 t5sion1 :at x ga9s 9 ext5sion4 

,x br+s to u only confus$ impressions4  
,^! impressions are ! mat]ials ( our    
dreams4 ,b !y are only ! mat]ials1 !y d 
n suffice to produce !m4  ,!y d n       
suffice to produce !m1 because !y are   
vague & indet]m9ate4 ,to speak only ( ^?
 t play ! pr9cipal role1 ! *ang+ colors 
& =ms1 :i* deploy be=e u :5 our eyes are
 clos$1 nev] h well-def9$ cont\rs4 ,"h  
are black l9es ^u a :ite backgr\nd4 ,!y 
may repres5t to ! dream] ! page ( a     
book1 or ! facade ( a new h\se ) d>k    
bl9ds1 or any numb] ( o!r ?+s4 ,:o w    
*oose8 ,:at is ! =m t w impr9t its      
decision ^u ! indecision ( ?is mat]ial8 
,?is =m is our memory4  ,let u note fir/
 t ! dream 9 g5]al creates no?+4        
,d\btless !re may be cit$ "s examples ( 
arti/ic1 lit]>y & sci5tific production 9
 dreams4 ,i w recall only ! well-kn[n   
anecdote told ( ,t>t9i1 a               
viol9i/-compos] ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,z 
he 0 try+ to compose a sonata & ! muse  
rema9$ recalcitrant1 he w5t to sleep &  
he saw 9 a dream ! devil1 :o seiz$ 8    

viol9 & play$ ) ma/] h& ! desir$ sonata4
 ,t>t9i wrote x out f memory :5 he woke4
 ,x has come to u "u ! "n ( ,! ,devil's 
,sonata4 ,b x is v difficult1 9 reg>d to
 su* old cases1 to di/+ui% betwe5 hi/ory
 & leg5d4 ,we %\ld h auto-obs]vations ( 
c]ta9 au!nticity4 ,n[ ,i h n be5 able to
 f9d any?+ m ?an t ( ! contempor>y      
,engli% noveli/1 ,/ev5son4 ,9 a v curi\s
 essay entitl$ ,a ,*apt] on ,dreams1 ?is
 au?or1 :o is end[$ ) a r>e tal5t =     
analysis1 expla9s to u h[ ! mo/ orig9al 
( 8 /ories h be5 compos$ or at lea/     
sket*$ 9 dreams4 ,b read ! *apt]        
c>efully4 ,y w see t at a c]ta9 "t 9 8  
life ,/ev5son _h come to be 9 an        
habitual psy*ical /ate :]e x 0 v h>d =  
him to say :e!r he 0 sleep+ or wak+4 ,t 
appe>s to me to be ! tru?4 ,:5 ! m9d    
creates1 ,i w\ld say :5 x is capable (  
giv+ ! ef=t ( organization & syn!sis :i*
 is necess>y to triumph ov] a c]ta9     
difficulty1 to solve a problem1 to      
produce a liv+ "w ( ! imag9ation1 we are
 n really asleep1 or at lea/ t "p (     

ourselves :i* labors is n ! same z t :i*
 sleeps4 ,we _c say1 !n1 t x is a dream4
 ,9 sleep1 prop]ly speak+1 9 sleep :i*  
absorbs our :ole p]sonality1 x is       
memories & only memories :i* weave ! web
 ( our dreams4 ,b (t5 we d n recognize  
!m4 ,!y may be v old memories1 =gott5   
dur+ wak+ h\rs1 drawn f ! mo/ obscure   
dep?s ( our pa/2 !y may be1 (t5 are1    
memories ( objects t we h p]ceiv$       
di/ract$ly1 almo/ unconsci\sly1 :ile    
awake4 ,or !y may be fragm5ts ( brok5   
memories :i* h be5 pick$ up "h & !re &  
m+l$ by *ance1 compos+ an incoh]5t &    
unrecognizable :ole4 ,be=e ^! biz>re    
assemblages ( images :i* pres5t no      
plausible significance1 our intellig5ce 
7:i* is f> f surr5d]+ ! reason+ faculty 
dur+ sleep1 z has be5 ass]t$7 seeks an  
explanation1 tries to fill ! lacunae4 ,x
 fills !m by call+ up o!r memories :i*1 
pres5t+ !mselves (t5 ) ! same de=mations
 & ! same incoh]5ces z ! prec$+1 dem& 9 
_! turn a new explanation1 & s on       
indef9itely4 ,b ,i d n insi/ ^u ?is po9t

 = ! mom5t4 ,x is suffici5t = me to say1
 9 ord] to answ] ! "q :i* ,i h prop\nd$1
 t ! =mative p[] ( ! mat]ials furni%$ to
 ! dream by ! diff]5t s5ses1 ! p[] :i*  
conv]ts into precise1 det]m9$ objects ! 
vague & indi/9ct s5sations t ! dream]   
receives f 8 eyes1 8 e>s1 & ! :ole      
surface & int]ior ( 8 body1 is ! memory4
  ,memory6 ,9 a wak+ /ate we h inde$    
memories :i* appe> & disappe>1 occupy+  
our m9d 9 turn4 ,b !y are always        
memories :i* are closely connect$ ) our 
pres5t situation1 our pres5t occupation1
 our pres5t action4 ,i recall at ?is    
mom5t ! book ( ,m4 d',h]vey on dreams2 t
 is because ,i am discuss+ ! subject (  
dreams & ?is act ori5ts 9 a c]ta9       
p>ticul> direction ! activity ( my      
memory4 ,! memories t we evoke :ile     
wak+1 h[ev] di/ant !y may at fir/ appe> 
to be f ! pres5t action1 are always     
connect$ ) x 9 "s way4 ,:at is ! role ( 
memory 9 an animal8 ,x is to recall to  
him1 9 any circum/ance1 ! advantage\s or
 injuri\s consequ5ces :i* h =m]ly aris5 

9 analog\s circum/ances1 9 ord] to      
in/ruct him z to :at he ought to d4 ,9  
man memory is d\btless less ! slave (   
action1 b /ill x /icks to x4 ,our       
memories1 at any giv5 mom5t1 =m a solid 
:ole1 a pyramid1 s to speak1 ^: po9t is 
ins]t$ precisely into our pres5t action4
 ,b beh9d ! memories :i* are conc]n$ 9  
our occupations & are reveal$ by means (
 x1 !re are o!rs1 ?\s&s ( o!rs1 /or$    
bel[ ! sc5e illum9at$ by consci\sness4  
,yes1 ,i believe inde$ t all our pa/    
life is !re1 pres]v$ ev5 to ! mo/       
inf9itesimal details1 & t we =get no?+1 
& t all t we h felt1 p]ceiv$1 ?\ght1    
will$1 f ! fir/ awak5+ ( our            
consci\sness1 survives inde/ructibly4 ,b
 ! memories :i* are pres]v$ 9 ^! obscure
 dep?s are !re 9 ! /ate ( invisible     
phantoms4 ,!y aspire1 p]haps1 to !      
light1 b !y d n ev5 try to rise to x2 !y
 "k t x is impossible & t ,i1 z a liv+ &
 act+ be+1 h some?+ else to d ?an to    
occupy myself ) !m4 ,b suppose t1 at a  
giv5 mom5t1 ,i become dis9t]e/$ 9 !     

pres5t situation1 9 ! pres5t action--9  
%ort1 9 all :i* previ\sly has fix$ &    
guid$ my memory2 suppose1 9 o!r words1 t
 ,i am asleep4 ,!n ^! memories1 p]ceiv+ 
t ,i h tak5 away ! ob/acle1 h rais$ !   
trapdoor :i* has kept !m b5ea? ! floor (
 consci\sness1 arise f ! dep?s2 !y rise1
 !y move1 !y p]=m 9 ! night (           
unconsci\sness a great dance macabre4   
,!y ru% toge!r to ! door :i* has be5    
left aj>4 ,!y all want to get ?r\gh4 ,b 
!y _c2 !re are too _m ( !m4 ,f !        
multitudes :i* are call$1 :i* w be *os58
 ,x is n h>d to say4 ,=m]ly1 :5 ,i 0    
awake1 ! memories :i* =c$ _! way 7 ^?   
:i* c\ld involve claims ( relation%ip ) 
! pres5t situation1 ) :at ,i saw & he>d 
ar\nd me4 ,n[ x is m vague images :i*   
occupy my sight1 m indecisive s\nds :i* 
affect my e>1 m indi/9ct t\*es :i* are  
di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( my body1 b !re
 are also ! m num]\s s5sations :i* arise
 f ! deepe/ p>ts ( ! organism4 ,s1 !n1  
among ! phantom memories :i* aspire to  
fill !mselves ) color1 ) sonority1 9    

%ort ) mat]iality1 ! only ones t succe$ 
are ^? :i* c assimilate !mselves ) !    
color-du/ t we p]ceive1 ! ext]nal &     
int]nal s5sations t we cat*1 etc41 &    
:i*1 besides1 respond to ! affective    
tone ( our g5]al s5sibility4#a ,:5 ?is  
union is effect$ betwe5 ! memory & !    
s5sation1 we h a dream4  ,9 a poetic    
page ( ! ,enneades1 ! philosoph]        
,plot9us1 int]pret] & cont9uator (      
,plato1 expla9s to u h[ m5 come to life4
 ,nature1 he says1 sket*es ! liv+       
bodies1 b sket*es !m only4 ,left to h]  
own =ces %e c nev] complete ! task4 ,on 
! o!r h&1 s\ls inhabit ! _w ( ,ideas4   
,incapable 9 !mselves ( act+1 n ev5 ?9k+
 ( action1 !y float beyond space &      
beyond "t4 ,b1 among all ! bodies1 !re  
are "s :i* specially respond by _! =m to
 ! aspirations ( "s p>ticul> s\ls2 &    
among ^! s\ls !re are ^? :i* recognize  
!mselves 9 "s p>ticul> body4 ,! body1   
:i* does n come altoge!r viable f ! h& (
 nature1 rises t[>d ! s\l :i* might give
 x complete life2 & ! s\l1 look+ ^u !   

body & believ+ t x p]ceives its own     
image z 9 a mirror1 & attract$1 fasc9at$
 by ! image1 lets itself fall4 ,x falls1
 & ?is fall is life4 ,i may comp>e to ^!
 deta*$ s\ls ! memories plung$ 9 !      
obscurity ( ! unconsci\s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 
our nocturnal s5sations resemble ^!     
incomplete bodies4 ,! s5sation is w>m1  
color$1 vibrant & almo/ liv+1 b vague4  
,! memory is complete1 b airy &         
lifeless4 ,! s5sation wi%es to f9d a =m 
on :i* to mold ! vagu5ess ( its cont\rs4
 ,! memory w\ld obta9 matt] to fill x1  
to balla/ x1 9 %ort to realize x4 ,!y   
are drawn t[>d ea* o!r2 & ! phantom     
memory1 inc>nat$ 9 ! s5sation :i* br+s  
to x fle% & blood1 becomes a be+ ) a    
life ( its own1 a dream4  ,! bir? ( a   
dream is !n no my/]y4 ,x resembles !    
bir? ( all our p]ceptions4 ,! me*anism (
 ! dream is ! same1 9 g5]al1 z t (      
normal p]ception4 ,:5 we p]ceive a real 
object1 :at we actually see--! s5sible  
matt] ( our p]ception--is v little 9    
comp>ison ) :at our memory adds to x4   

,:5 y read a book1 :5 y look ?r\gh y\r  
newspap]1 d y suppose t all ! pr9t$     
lett]s really come into y\r             
consci\sness8 ,9 t case ! :ole day w\ld 
h>dly be long en\gh = y to read a pap]4 
,! tru? is t y see 9 ea* ^w & ev5 9 ea* 
memb] ( a phrase only "s lett]s or ev5  
"s *>act]i/ic m>ks1 j en\gh to p]mit y  
to div9e ! re/4 ,all ( ! re/1 t y ?9k y 
see1 y really give y\rself z an         
halluc9ation4 ,!re are num]\s & decisive
 exp]im5ts :i* leave no d\bt on ?is     
po9t4 ,i w cite only ^? ( ,golds*eid] & 
,muell]4 ,^! exp]im5t]s wrote or pr9t$  
"s =mulas 9 common use1 ,positively no  
admission2 ,preface to ! f\r? edition1  
etc4 ,b !y took c>e to write ! words    
incorrectly1 *ang+ &1 above all1 omitt+ 
lett]s4 ,^! s5t5ces 7 expos$ 9 a d>k5$  
room4 ,! p]son :o s]v$ z ! subject ( !  
exp]im5t 0 plac$ be=e !m & did n "k1 (  
c\rse1 :at _h be5 writt54 ,!n !         
inscription 0 illum9at$ by ! electric   
light = a v %ort "t1 too %ort = ! obs]v]
 to be able to p]ceive really all !     

lett]s4 ,!y began by det]m9+            
exp]im5tally ! "t necess>y = see+ "o    
lett] ( ! alphabet4 ,x 0 !n easy to     
arrange x s t ! obs]v] c\ld n p]ceive m 
?an eight or t5 lett]s1 = example1 ( !  
?irty or =ty lett]s compos+ ! =mula4    
,usually1 h[ev]1 he read ! entire phrase
 )\t difficulty4 ,b t is n = u ! mo/    
in/ructive po9t ( ?is exp]im5t4  ,if !  
obs]v] is ask$ :at are ! lett]s t he is 
sure ( hav+ se51 ^! may be1 ( c\rse1 !  
lett]s really writt51 b !re may be also 
abs5t lett]s1 ei!r lett]s t we replac$  
by o!rs or t h simply be5 omitt$4 ,?us  
an obs]v] w see q di/9ctly 9 full light 
a lett] :i* does n exi/1 if ?is lett]1  
on acc\nt ( ! g5]al s5se1 ought to ent] 
into ! phrase4 ,! *>act]s :i* h really  
affect$ ! eye h be5 utiliz$ only to s]ve
 z an indication to ! unconsci\s memory 
( ! obs]v]4 ,?is memory1 discov]+ !     
appropriate remembrance1 i4e41 f9d+ !   
=mula to :i* ^! *>act]s give a />t t[>d 
realization1 projects ! remembrance     
ext]nally 9 an halluc9atory =m4 ,x is   

?is remembrance1 & n ! words !mselves1 t
 ! obs]v] has se54 ,x is ?us demon/rat$ 
t rapid read+ is 9 great "p a "w (      
div9ation1 b n ( ab/ract div9ation4 ,x  
is an ext]nalization ( memories :i* take
 advantage1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ( ! p>tial
 realization t !y f9d "h & !re 9 ord] to
 completely realize !mselves4  ,?us1 9 !
 wak+ /ate & 9 ! k t we get ( ! real    
objects :i* surr\nd u1 an op]ation is   
cont9ually go+ on :i* is ( q ! same     
nature z t ( ! dream4 ,we p]ceive m]ely 
a sket* ( ! object4 ,?is sket* appeals  
to ! complete memory1 & ?is complete    
memory1 :i* by itself 0 ei!r unconsci\s 
or simply 9 ! ?\ght /ate1 pr(its by !   
occasion to come out4 ,x is ?is k9d (   
halluc9ation1 ins]t$ & fitt$ into a real
 frame1 t we p]ceive4 ,x is a %ort]     
process3 x is v mu* quick] done ?an to  
see ! ?+ itself4 ,besides1 !re are _m   
int]e/+ obs]vations to be made ^u !     
conduct & attitude ( ! memory images    
dur+ ?is op]ation4 ,x is n necess>y to  
suppose t !y are 9 our memory 9 a /ate (

 in]t impressions4 ,!y are l ! /eam 9 a 
boil]1 "u m or less t5sion4  ,at ! mom5t
 :5 ! p]ceiv$ sket* calls !m =?1 x is z 
if !y 7 !n gr\p$ 9 families accord+ to  
_! relation%ip & resemblances4 ,!re are 
exp]im5ts ( ,mu5/]b]g1 e>li] ?an ^? (   
,golds*eid] & ,muell]1 :i* appe> to me  
to confirm ?is hypo!sis1 al?\gh !y 7    
made = a v diff]5t purpose4 ,mu5/]b]g   
wrote ! words correctly2 !y 71 besides1 
n common phrases2 !y 7 isolat$ words    
tak5 by *ance4 ,"h aga9 ! ^w 0 expos$   
dur+ ! "t too %ort = x to be entirely   
p]ceiv$4 ,n[1 :ile ! obs]v] 0 look+ at !
 writt5 ^w1 "s "o spoke 9 8 e> ano!r ^w 
( a v diff]5t significance4 ,?is is :at 
happ5$3 ! obs]v] decl>$ t he _h se5 a ^w
 :i* 0 n ! writt5 ^w1 b :i* resembl$ x 9
 its g5]al =m1 & :i* besides recall$1 by
 its mean+1 ! ^w :i* 0 spok5 9 8 e>4 ,= 
example1 ! ^w writt5 0 tumult & ! ^w    
spok5 0 railroad4 ,! obs]v] read tunnel4
 ,! writt5 ^w 0 ,trie/e & ! spok5 ^w 0 !
 ,g]man ,v]zweiflung 7despair74 ,!      
obs]v] read ,tro/1 :i* signifies        

consolation4 ,x is z if ! ^w railroad1  
pron\nc$ 9 ! e>1 wak5$1 )\t our kn[+ x1 
hopes ( consci\s realization 9 a cr[d ( 
memories :i* h "s relation%ip ) ! idea (
 railroad 7c>1 rail1 trip1 etc474 ,b ?is
 is only a hope1 & ! memory :i* succe$s 
9 com+ into consci\sness is t :i* !     
actually pres5t s5sation _h already     
begun to realize4  ,su* is ! me*anism ( 
true p]ception1 & su* is t ( ! dream4 ,9
 bo? cases !re are1 on "o h&1 real      
impressions made ^u ! organs ( s5se1 &  
^u ! o!r memories :i* encase !mselves 9 
! impression & pr(it by its vitality to 
return aga9 to life4  ,b1 !n1 :at is !  
ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 p]ceiv+ &      
dream+8 ,:at is sleep8 ,i d n ask1 (    
c\rse1 h[ sleep c be expla9$            
physiologically4 ,t is a special "q1 &  
besides is f> f be+ settl$4 ,i ask :at  
is sleep psy*ologically2 = our m9d      
cont9ues to ex]cise itself :5 we are    
asleep1 & x ex]cises itself z we h j se5
 on elem5ts analog\s to ^? ( wak+1 on   
s5sations & memories2 & also 9 an       

analog\s mann] comb9es !m4 ,nev]!less we
 h on ! "o h& normal p]ception1 & on !  
o!r ! dream4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce1 ,i     
repeat8 ,:at are ! psy*ological         
*>act]i/ics ( ! sleep+ /ate8  ,we mu/   
di/ru/ !ories4 ,!re are a great _m ( !m 
on ?is po9t4 ,"s say t sleep consi/s 9  
isolat+ oneself f ! ext]nal _w1 9 clos+ 
! s5ses to outside ?+s4 ,b we h %[n t   
our s5ses cont9ue to act dur+ sleep1 t  
!y provide u ) ! outl9e1 or at lea/ !   
po9t ( dep>ture1 ( mo/ ( our dreams4 ,"s
 say3 ,to g to sleep is to /op ! action 
( ! sup]ior faculties ( ! m9d1 & !y talk
 ( a k9d ( mom5t>y p>alysis ( ! high]   
c5t]s4 ,i d n ?9k t ?is is mu* m exact4 
,9 a dream we become no d\bt indiff]5t  
to logic1 b n incapable ( logic4 ,!re   
are dreams :5 we reason ) correctness & 
ev5 ) subtlety4 ,i might almo/ say1 at !
 risk ( seem+ p>adoxical1 t ! mi/ake ( !
 dream] is (t5 9 reason+ too mu*4 ,he   
w\ld avoid ! absurdity if he w\ld rema9 
a simple spectator ( ! procession (     
images :i* compose 8 dream4 ,b :5 he    

/rongly desires to expla9 x1 8          
explanation1 int5d$ to b9d toge!r       
incoh]5t images1 c be no?+ m ?an a      
biz>re reason+ :i* v]ges ^u absurdity4  
,i recognize1 inde$1 t our sup]ior      
intellectual faculties are relax$ 9     
sleep1 t g5]ally ! logic ( a dream] is  
feeble en\gh & (t5 resembles a m]e p>ody
 ( logic4 ,b "o might say z mu* ( all ( 
our faculties dur+ sleep4 ,x is !n n by 
! abolition ( reason+1 any m ?an by !   
clos+ ( ! s5ses1 t we *>act]ize dream+4 
,some?+ else is ess5tial4 ,we ne$ some?+
 m ?an !ories4 ,we ne$ an intimate      
contact ) ! facts4 ,"o mu/ make !       
decisive exp]im5t ^u oneself4 ,x is     
necess>y t on com+ out ( a dream1 s9ce  
we _c analyze ourselves 9 ! dream       
itself1 we %\ld wat* ! transition f     
sleep+ to wak+1 foll[ ^u ! transition z 
closely z possible1 & try to express by 
words :at we exp]i5ce 9 ?is passage4    
,?is is v difficult1 b may be accompli%$
 by =c+ ! att5tion4 ,p]mit1 !n1 ! writ] 
to take an example f 8 own p]sonal      

exp]i5ce1 & to tell ( a rec5t dream z   
well z :at 0 accompli%$ on com+ out ( ! 
dream4  ,n[ ! dream] dream$ t he 0      
speak+ be=e an assembly1 t he 0 mak+ a  
political spee* be=e a political        
assembly4 ,!n 9 ! mid/ ( ! auditorium a 
murmur rose4 ,! murmur augm5t$2 x became
 a mutt]+4 ,!n x became a ro>1 a        
frightful tumult1 & f9ally !re res\nd$ f
 all p>ts tim$ to a uni=m rhy?m ! cries1
 ,out6 ,out6 ,at t mom5t he wak5$4 ,a   
dog 0 bay+ 9 a neighbor+ g>d51 & ) ea*  
"o ( 8 ,w[-w[s "o ( ! cries ( ,out6     
,out6 seem$ to be id5tical4 ,well1 "h 0 
! inf9itesimal mom5t :i* x is necess>y  
to seize4  ,! wak+ ego1 j reappe>+1 %\ld
 turn to ! dream+ ego1 :i* is /ill !re1 
&1 dur+ "s in/ants at lea/1 hold x )\t  
lett+ x g4 ,i h caught y at x6 ,y ?\ght 
x 0 a cr[d %\t+ & x 0 a dog b>k+4 ,n[1  
,i %all n let g ( y until y tell me j   
:at y 7 do+6 ,to :i* ! dream+ ego w\ld  
answ]1 ,i 0 do+ no?+2 & ?is is j :]e y &
 ,i diff] f "o ano!r4 ,y imag9e t 9 ord]
 to he> a dog b>k+1 & to "k t x is a dog

 t b>ks1 y h no?+ to d4 ,t is a great   
mi/ake4 ,y accompli%1 )\t suspect+ x1 a 
consid]able ef=t4 ,y take y\r entire    
memory1 all y\r accumulat$ exp]i5ce1 & y
 br+ ?is =midable mass ( memories to    
conv]ge ^u a s+le po9t1 9 su* a way z to
 ins]t exactly 9 ! s\nds y he>d t "o (  
y\r memories :i* is ! mo/ capable ( be+ 
adapt$ to x4 ,nay1 y mu/ obta9 a p]fect 
adh]5ce1 = betwe5 ! memory t y evoke & !
 crude s5sation t y p]ceive !re mu/ n be
 ! lea/ discrepancy2 o!rwise y w\ld be j
 dream+4 ,?is adju/m5t y c only obta9 by
 an ef=t ( ! memory & an ef=t ( !       
p]ception1 j z ! tailor :o is try+ on a 
new coat pulls toge!r ! pieces ( clo? t 
he adju/s to ! %ape ( y\r body 9 ord] to
 p9 !m4 ,y ex]t1 !n1 cont9ually1 e mom5t
 ( ! day1 an enorm\s ef=t4 ,y\r life 9 a
 wak+ /ate is a life ( labor1 ev5 :5 y  
?9k y are do+ no?+1 = at e m9ute y h to 
*oose & e m9ute exclude4 ,y *oose among 
y\r s5sations1 s9ce y reject f y\r      
consci\sness a ?\s& subjective s5sations
 :i* come back 9 ! night :5 y sleep4 ,y 

*oose1 & ) extreme precision & delicacy1
 among y\r memories1 s9ce y reject all t
 d n exactly suit y\r pres5t /ate4 ,?is 
*oice :i* y cont9ually accompli%1 ?is   
adaptation1 ceaselessly r5ew$1 is ! fir/
 & mo/ ess5tial condition ( :at is call$
 common s5se4 ,b all ?is keeps y 9 a    
/ate ( un9t]rupt$ t5sion4 ,y d n feel x 
at ! mom5t1 any m ?an y feel ! pressure 
( ! atmosph]e1 b x fatigues y 9 ! long  
run4 ,common s5se is v fatigu+4  ,s1 ,i 
repeat1 ,i diff] f y precisely 9 t ,i d 
no?+4 ,! ef=t t y give )\t cessation ,i 
simply ab/a9 f giv+4 ,9 place ( atta*+  
myself to life1 ,i deta* myself f x4    
,ev]y?+ has become indiff]5t to me4 ,i h
 become dis9t]e/$ 9 ev]y?+4 ,to sleep is
 to become dis9t]e/$4 ,"o sleeps to !   
exact ext5t to :i* he becomes dis9t]e/$4
 ,a "m :o sleeps by ! side ( h] *ild w n
 /ir at ! s\nd ( ?und]1 b ! sigh ( !    
*ild w wake h]4 ,does %e really sleep 9 
reg>d to h] *ild8 ,we d n sleep 9 reg>d 
to :at cont9ues to int]e/ u4  ,y ask me 
:at x is t ,i d :5 ,i dream8 ,i w tell y

 :at y d :5 y are awake4 ,y take me1 !  
me ( dreams1 me ! totality ( y\r pa/1 & 
y =ce me1 by mak+ me small] & small]1 to
 fit into ! little circle t y trace     
ar\nd y\r pres5t action4 ,t is :at x is 
to be awake4 ,t is :at x is to live !   
normal psy*ical life4 ,x is to battle4  
,x is to w4 ,z = ! dream1 h y really any
 ne$ t ,i %\ld expla9 x8 ,x is ! /ate   
into :i* y naturally fall :5 y let      
y\rself g1 :5 y no long] h ! p[] to     
conc5trate y\rself ^u a s+le po9t1 :5 y 
h ceas$ to w4 ,:at ne$s mu* m to be     
expla9$ is ! m>vel\s me*anism by :i* at 
any mom5t y\r w obta9s in/antly1 & almo/
 unconsci\sly1 ! conc5tration ( all t y 
h )9 y ^u "o & ! same po9t1 ! po9t t    
int]e/s y4 ,b to expla9 ?is is ! task ( 
normal psy*ology1 ( ! psy*ology ( wak+1 
= will+ & wak+ are "o & ! same ?+4  ,?is
 is :at ! dream+ ego w\ld say4 ,& x w\ld
 tell u a great _m o!r ?+s /ill if we   
c\ld let x talk freely4 ,b let u sum up 
briefly ! ess5tial diff]5ce :i* sep>ates
 a dream f ! wak+ /ate4 ,9 ! dream !    

same faculties are ex]cis$ z dur+ wak+1 
b !y are 9 a /ate ( t5sion 9 ! "o case1 
& ( relaxation 9 ! o!r4 ,! dream consi/s
 ( ! entire m5tal life m9us ! t5sion1 ! 
ef=t & ! bodily movem5t4 ,we p]ceive    
/ill1 we rememb] /ill1 we reason /ill4  
,all ?is c ab\nd 9 ! dream2 = abundance1
 9 ! doma9 ( ! m9d1 does n mean ef=t4   
,:at requires an ef=t is ! precision (  
adju/m5t4 ,to connect ! s\nd ( a b>k+   
dog ) ! memory ( a cr[d t murmurs & %\ts
 requires no ef=t4 ,b 9 ord] t ?is s\nd 
%\ld be p]ceiv$ z ! b>k+ ( a dog1 a     
positive ef=t mu/ be made4 ,x is ?is =ce
 t ! dream] lacks4 ,x is by t1 & by t   
alone1 t he is di/+ui%$ f ! wak+ man4   
,f ?is ess5tial diff]5ce c be drawn a   
great _m o!rs4 ,we c come to und]/& !   
*ief *>act]i/ics ( ! dream4 ,b ,i c only
 outl9e ! s*eme ( ?is /udy4 ,x dep5ds   
especially ^u ?ree po9ts1 :i* are3 !    
incoh]5ce ( dreams1 ! abolition ( ! s5se
 ( duration t (t5 appe>s to be manife/$ 
9 dreams1 &1 f9ally1 ! ord] 9 :i* !     
memories pres5t !mselves to ! dream]1   

cont5d+ = ! s5sations pres5t :]e !y are 
to be embodi$4  ,! incoh]5ce ( ! dream  
seems to me easy en\gh to expla94 ,z x  
is *>act]i/ic ( ! dream n to dem& a     
complete adju/m5t betwe5 ! memory image 
& ! s5sation1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to all[  
"s play betwe5 !m1 v diff]5t memories c 
suit ! same s5sation4 ,= example1 !re   
may be 9 ! field ( vision a gre5 spot ) 
:ite po9ts4 ,?is might be a lawn spangl$
 ) :ite fl[]s4 ,x might be a            
billi>d-table ) its balls4 ,x might be a
 ho/ ( o!r ?+s besides4 ,^! diff]5t     
memory images1 all capable ( utiliz+ !  
same s5sation1 *ase aft] x4 ,sometimes  
!y atta9 x1 "o aft] ! o!r4 ,& s ! lawn  
becomes a billi>d-table1 & we wat* ^!   
extraord9>y trans=mations4 ,(t5 x is at 
! same "t1 & altoge!r t ^! memory images
 jo9 ! s5sation1 & !n ! lawn w be a     
billi>d-table4 ,f ?is come ^? absurd    
dreams :]e an object rema9s z x is & at 
! same "t becomes some?+ else4 ,z ,i h j
 said1 ! m9d1 confront$ by ^! absurd    
visions1 seeks an explanation & (t5     

!reby aggravates ! incoh]5ce4  ,z = !   
abolition ( ! s5se ( "t 9 _m ( our      
dreams1 t is ano!r effect ( ! same      
cause4 ,9 a few seconds a dream c pres5t
 to u a s]ies ( ev5ts :i* w occupy1 9 ! 
wak+ /ate1 entire days4 ,y "k ! example 
cit$ by ,m4 ,maury3 x has become        
classic1 & al?\gh x has be5 conte/$ (   
late1 ,i reg>d x z probable1 because ( !
 great numb] ( analog\s obs]vations t ,i
 f\nd scatt]$ ?r\gh ! lit]ature (       
dreams4 ,b ?is precipitation ( ! images 
is n at all my/]i\s4 ,:5 we are awake we
 live a life 9 common ) our fell[s4 ,our
 att5tion to ?is ext]nal & social life  
is ! great regulator ( ! succession (   
our int]nal /ates4 ,x is l ! balance    
:eel ( a wat*1 :i* mod]ates & cuts into 
regul> sections ! undivid$1 almo/       
in/antane\s t5sion ( ! spr+4 ,x is ?is  
balance :eel :i* is lack+ 9 ! dream4    
,accel]ation is no m ?an abundance a    
sign ( =ce 9 ! doma9 ( ! m9d4 ,x is1 ,i 
repeat1 ! precision ( adju/m5t t        
requires ef=t1 & ?is is exactly :at !   

dream] lacks4 ,he is no long] capable ( 
t att5tion to life :i* is necess>y 9    
ord] t ! inn] may be regulat$ by ! out]1
 & t ! int]nal duration fit exactly into
 ! g5]al duration ( ?+s4  ,x rema9s n[  
to expla9 h[ ! peculi> relaxation ( !   
m9d 9 ! dream acc\nts = ! pref]5ce giv5 
by ! dream] to "o memory image r ?an    
o!rs1 equally capable ( be+ ins]t$ into 
! actual s5sations4 ,!re is a curr5t    
prejudice to ! effect t we dream mo/ly  
ab\t ! ev5ts :i* h especially preoccupi$
 u dur+ ! day4 ,?is is sometimes true4  
,b :5 ! psy*ological life ( ! wak+ /ate 
?us prolongs itself into sleep1 x is    
because we h>dly sleep4 ,a sleep fill$ )
 dreams ( ?is k9d w\ld be a sleep f :i* 
we come out q fatigu$4 ,9 normal sleep  
our dreams conc]n !mselves r1 o!r ?+s   
be+ equal1 ) ! ?\ghts :i* we h pass$    
?r\gh rapidly or ^u objects :i* we h    
p]ceiv$ almo/ )\t pay+ att5tion to !m4  
,if we dream ab\t ev5ts ( ! same day1 x 
is ! mo/ insignificant facts1 & n ! mo/ 
important1 :i* h ! be/ *ance ( reappe>+4

  ,i agree entirely on ?is po9t ) !     
obs]vation ( ,w4 ,rob]t1 ( ,delage & (  
,freud4 ,i 0 9 ! /reet1 ,i 0 wait+ = a  
/reet-c>1 ,i /ood beside ! track & did n
 run ! lea/ risk4 ,b if1 at ! mom5t :5 !
 /reet-c> pass$1 ! idea ( possible dang]
 _h cross$ my m9d or ev5 if my body _h  
in/9ctively recoil$ )\t my hav+ be5     
consci\s ( feel+ any fe>1 ,i might dream
 t night t ! c> _h run ov] my body4 ,i  
wat* at ! b$side ( an invalid ^:        
condition is hopeless4 ,if at any mom5t1
 p]haps )\t ev5 be+ aw>e ( x1 ,i _h hop$
 aga9/ hope1 ,i might dream t ! invalid 
0 cur$4 ,i %\ld dream ( ! cure1 9 any   
case1 m probably ?an t ,i %\ld dream ( !
 disease4 ,9 %ort1 ! ev5ts :i* reappe>  
by pref]5ce 9 ! dream are ^? ( :i* we h 
?\ght mo/ di/ract$ly4 ,:at is !re       
a/oni%+ ab\t t8 ,! ego ( ! dream is an  
ego t is relax$2 ! memories :i* x ga!rs 
mo/ readily are ! memories ( relaxation 
& di/raction1 ^? :i* d n be> ! m>k (    
ef=t4  ,x is true t 9 v pr(\nd slumb] ! 
law t regulates ! reappe>ance ( memories

 may be v diff]5t4 ,we "k almo/ no?+ (  
?is pr(\nd slumb]4 ,! dreams :i* fill x 
are1 z a g5]al rule1 ! dreams :i* we    
=get4 ,sometimes1 nev]!less1 we recov]  
some?+ ( !m4 ,& !n x is a v peculi>     
feel+1 /range1 indescribable1 t we      
exp]i5ce4 ,x seems to u t we h return$ f
 af> 9 space & af> 9 "t4 ,^! are        
d\btless v old sc5es1 sc5es ( y\? or    
infancy t we live ov] !n 9 all _!       
details1 ) a mood :i* colors !m ) t fre%
 s5sation ( infancy & y\? t we seek     
va9ly to revive :5 awake4  ,x is ^u ?is 
pr(\nd slumb] t psy*ology ought to      
direct its ef=ts1 n only to /udy !      
me*anism ( unconsci\s memory1 b to      
exam9e ! m my/]i\s ph5om5a :i* are rais$
 by psy*ical rese>*4 ,i d n d>e express 
an op9ion ^u ph5om5a ( ?is class1 b ,i  
_c avoid atta*+ "s importance to !      
obs]vations ga!r$ by s rigor\s a me?od &
 ) su* indefatigable zeal by ! ,society 
= ,psy*ical ,rese>*4 ,if telepa?y       
influ5ces our dreams1 x is q likely t 9 
?is pr(\nd slumb] x w\ld h ! greate/    

*ance to manife/ itself4 ,b ,i repeat1  
,i _c express an op9ion ^u ?is po9t4 ,i 
h gone =w>d ) y z f> z ,i c2 ,i /op ^u !
 ?re%old ( ! my/]y4 ,to explore ! mo/   
secret dep?s ( ! unconsci\s1 to labor 9 
:at ,i h j call$ ! subsoil (            
consci\sness1 t w be ! pr9cipal task (  
psy*ology 9 ! c5tury :i* is op5+4 ,i d n
 d\bt t wond]ful discov]ies await x !re1
 z important p]haps z h be5 9 ! prec$+  
c5turies ! discov]ies ( ! physical &    
natural sci5ces4 ,t at lea/ is ! promise
 :i* ,i make = x1 t is ! wi% t 9 clos+  
,i h = x4   ,,footnotes3  #a ,au?or's   
note 7#aiac74 ,?is w\ld be ! place :]e  
especially w int]v5e ^? repress$ desires
 :i* ,freud & c]ta9 o!r psy*ologi/s1    
especially 9 ,am]ica1 h /udi$ ) su*     
p5etration & +5uity4 7,see 9 p>ticul> ! 
rec5t volumes ( ! ,j\rnal ( ,abnormal   
,psy*ology1 publi%$ 9 ,bo/on by ,dr4    
,morton ,pr9ce47 ,:5 ! above address 0  
deliv]$ 7#aija7 ! "w ( ,freud on dreams 
7,die ,traumdeutung7 _h be5 already     
publi%$1 b psy*o-analysis 0 f> f hav+ ! 

developm5t t x has to-day4 7,h4 ,b47