,transcrib]'s note3 ,! transcription s*emes = *>act]s t c\ld n be us$ 9 a pla9 text v]sion ( ?is text h be5 li/$ at ! end ( ?is file "u ! head+ ,transcrib]'s ,notes4 ,a ,,field ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,/>s ,,by ,,william ,,tyl] ,,olcott ,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$ ,,) ,,fifty ,,diagrams ,g4,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,! ,knick]bock] ,press ,,copyright1 #aijg ,,by ,,william ,,tyl] ,,olcott ,,copyright1 #aiad ,,by ,,william ,,tyl] ,,olcott 7,= ,second ,edition7 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,knick]bock] ,press1 ,new ,york ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,introduction4 ,consid]+ ! ease ) :i* a k ( ! con/ellations c be acquir$1 x seems a rem>kable fact t s few are conv]sant ) ^! "t-honor$ configurations ( ! heav5s4 ,aside f a k ( ! ,dipp] & ! ,pleiades1 ! con/ellations to ! va/ majority1 are utt]ly unkn[n4 ,to facilitate & popul>ize if possible ?is fasc9at+ recreation ( />-gaz+ ! au?or has design$ ?is field-book4 ,x is limit$ 9 scope solely to t purpose1 & all matt] ( a te*nical or !oretical nature has be5 omitt$4 ,! endeavor has be5 to include 9 ^! pages only su* matt] z ! read] c obs]ve ) ! nak$ eye1 or an op]a-glass4 ,simplicity & brevity h be5 aim$ at1 ! ma9 idea be+ t :atev] is bulky or v]bose is a h9drance r ?an a help :5 actually engag$ 9 ! obs]vation ( ! heav5s4 ,! con/ellations embrac$ 9 ?is manual are only ^? visible f ! av]age latitude ( ! ,new ,engl& & ,middle ,/ates1 & owe _! place 9 ! p>ticul> season 9 :i* !y are f\nd to ! fact t 9 t season !y are favorably situat$ = obs]vation4 ,) ?is brief explanatory note ( ! purpose & design ( ! book1 ! au?or proce$s to outl9e ! s*eme ( /udy4 ,,s*eme ,,( ,,/udy4 ,! table ( cont5ts %[s ! s*eme ( /udy to be pursu$1 & to facilitate ! "w x is desirable t ! /ud5t foll[ ! !re9 circumscrib$ ord]4 ,a k on ! "p ( ! read] ( ,ursa ,major1 or ! ,dipp] z x is commonly call$1 & ! ,pleiades1 ! well-kn[n gr\p 9 ,taurus1 is presuppos$ by ! au?or4 ,) ?is k z a basis1 ! /ud5t is enabl$ 9 any season to take up ! /udy ( ! con/ellations4 ,by foll[+ out ! ord] dictat$1 he w 9 a few nights ( obs]vation be enabl$ to id5tify ! v>i\s configurations mak+ up ! sev]al con/ellations t are set ap>t = /udy 9 t p>ticul> season4 ,a l>ge plate1 %[+ ! appe>ance ( ! heav5s at a designat$ "t on ! fir/ night ( ! qu>t]1 is ins]t$ be=e ea* season's "w4 ,?is %\ld be consult$ by ! /ud5t be=e he makes an obs]vation1 9 ord] t he may obta9 a compreh5sive idea ( ! relative position ( ! con/ellations1 & also "k 9 :at "p ( ! heav5s to locate ! con/ellation :i* he wi%es to id5tify4 ,a k ( "o con/ellation enables ! /ud5t to det]m9e ! position ( ! next 9 ord]4 ,9 ?is "w1 ! id5tification ( ea* con/ellation dep5ds on a k ( :at prec$es1 always be>+ 9 m9d ! fact t ea* season />ts z a new & di/9ct "p to be tak5 by itself1 & has no be>+ on t :i* comes be=e4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction iii ,,s*eme ,,( ,,/udy v ,! ,con/ellations ( ,spr+4 ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,heav5s #i ,p4,m41 ,,april ,,fir/ #c #a4 ,,ursa ,,major #d #b4 ,,ursa ,,m9or #f ,locat$ by ! po9t] />s 9 ,ursa ,major4 #c4 ,,gem9i #h ,locat$ by a l9e drawn ?r\gh designat$ />s 9 ,ursa ,major4 #d4 ,,auriga #aj ,locat$ 9 ! same mann] z ,gem9i4 #e4 ,,canc] #ab ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,auriga to ,gem9i & prolong$4 #f4 ,,hydra #ad ,! head ( ,hydra is to be se5 j bel[ ,canc]4 #g4 ,,leo #af ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,gem9i to ,canc] & prolong$4 #h4 ,,coma ,,b]5ices #ah ,position indicat$ by draw+ a l9e ?r\gh designat$ />s 9 ,leo4 #i4 ,,canis ,,m9or #bj ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,auriga to ,gem9i & prolong$4 #aj4 ,,corvus #bb ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,ursa ,m9or ?r\gh ,ursa ,major & prolong$4 #aa4 ,,crat] #bd ,locat$ s\? ( ,leo & j we/ ( ,corvus4 ,,meteoric ,,%[]s1 ,,april ,,to ,,july #bf ,! ,con/ellations ( ,summ]4 ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,heav5s #i ,p4,m41 ,,july ,,fir/ #ca #ab4 ,,draco #cb ,lies betwe5 ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or1 coil+ ab\t ! latt]4 #ac4 ,,lyra #cd ,vega1 its brighte/ />1 is #ab;deg ,s4,w4 ( ! ,dragon's head4 #ad4 ,,cygnus #cf ,d5eb1 its brighte/ />1 is ab\t #bj;deg ea/ ( ,vega4 #ae4 ,,aquila #ch ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ! ,dragon's head ?r\gh ,vega & prolong$4 #af4 ,,delph9us #dj ,locat$ ab\t #aj;deg nor!a/ ( ,altair 9 ,aquila4 #ag4 ,,sagitt>ius #db ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,cygnus to ,aquila & prolong$4 #ah4 ,,ophiu*us ,,& ,,s]p5s #dd ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,delph9us to ,aquila & prolong$4 #ai4 ,,scorpius #df ,locat$ j "u ,ophiu*us1 & we/ ( ,sagitt>ius4 #bj4 ,,libra #dh ,locat$ ab\t #ae;deg we/ ( ! head ( ,scorpius4 #ba4 ,,corona ,,borealis #ej ,locat$ j above ! head ( ,s]p5s4 #bb4 ,,h]cules #eb ,locat$ by l9es drawn f ei!r ,vega or ,altair to ,corona4 #bc4 ,,bo3,o,,tes #ed ,locat$ j we/ ( ! ,cr[n4 ,arcturus1 its brighte/ />1 is ab\t #cj;deg s\!a/ ( e ,ursae ,majoris4 #bd4 ,,virgo #ef ,spica1 its brighte/ />1 is locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,ant>es 9 ,scorpius ?r\gh a 9 ,libra & prolong$ ab\t #bj;deg4 #be4 ,,canes ,,v5atici #eh ,cor ,c>oli1 its brighte/ />1 is ab\t #ag;deg s\? ( ,alio? 9 ,ursa ,major4 ,,meteoric ,,%[]s1 ,,july ,,to ,,octob] #fj ,! ,con/ellations ( ,autumn4 ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,heav5s #i ,p4,m41 ,,octob] ,,fir/ #fe #bf4 ,,cassiopeia #ff ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,ursa ,major ?r\gh ! ,pole />1 ! position ( :i* is indicat$ by ! po9t] />s a & b ,ursae ,majoris4 #bg4 ,,cepheus #fh ,locat$ by po9t] />s 9 ,cassiopeia4 #bh4 ,,pegasus #gj ,! great squ>e ( ,pegasus is locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,pol>is to ,cassiopeia & prolong$4 #bi4 ,,&rom$a #gb ,! /> ,alph]atz 9 ,&rom$a is at ! nor!a/ corn] ( ! great squ>e ( ,pegasus4 #cj4 ,,p]seus #gd ,lies #i;deg ea/ ( g ,&rom$ae4 #ca4 ,,pisces #gf ,! ,circlet 9 ,pisces is to be se5 j bel[ ,pegasus4 #cb4 ,,triangulum #gh ,a l9e drawn f ,pegasus to ,p]seus passes ?r\gh b 9 ,triangulum4 #cc4 ,,aqu>ius #hj ,! position ( ! wat] j> ( ,aqu>ius is det]m9$ by po9t] />s 9 ,pegasus4 #cd4 ,,capricornus #hb ,! head ( ! ,sea ,goat is locat$ by a l9e drawn f a ,pegasi ?r\gh z & ? ,pegasi & prolong$ ab\t #be;deg4 #ce4 ,,aries #hd ,lies j s\? ( ,triangulum4 ,a l9e drawn f g ,&rom$ae ?r\gh b ,trianguli po9ts out a ,arietis4 #cf4 ,,cetus #hf ,! head ( ,cetus lies ab\t #bj;deg s\!a/ ( ,aries4 #cg4 ,,musca #hh ,locat$ betwe5 ,triangulum & ,aries4 ,,meteoric ,,%[]s1 ,,octob] ,,to ,,janu>y #ij ,! ,con/ellations ( ,w9t]4 ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,heav5s #i ,p4,m41 ,,janu>y ,,fir/ #ie #ch4 ,,taurus #if ,conta9s ! celebrat$ & unmi/akable gr\p1 ,! ,pleiades1 to be se5 almo/ ov]head 9 ! e>ly ev5+ dur+ ! ,w9t] mon?s4 #ci4 ,,orion #ih ,! tips ( ! horns ( ! ,bull are po9t] />s to ,betelgeuze1 9 ,orion4 #dj4 ,,lepus #ajj ,locat$ j bel[ ,orion4 #da4 ,,columba #ajb ,locat$ s\? ( ,lepus1 close to ! horizon4 #db4 ,,canis ,,major #ajd ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ! />s =m+ ,orion's girdle4 #dc4 ,,argo ,,navis #ajf ,locat$ by a l9e drawn f ,orion to ,canis ,major & prolong$ #ah;deg4 #dd4 ,,monoc]os #ajh ,locat$ j ea/ ( ,orion4 #de4 ,,eridanus #aaj ,locat$ j we/ ( ,rigel1 9 ,orion4 ,,meteoric ,,%[]s1 ,,janu>y ,,to ,,april #aab ,,! ,,planets #aae ,,! ,,milky ,,way #abd ,,! ,,motions ,,( ,,! ,,/>s #abf ,,meteors1 ,,or ,,%oot+ ,,/>s #acj ,,names ,,( ,,! ,,/>s ,,& ,,_! ,,mean+s #acc ,,index #aei ,,! ,,diagrams4 ,! diagrams1 x w be obs]v$1 are gr\p$ "u ! seasons1 & !y indicate ! positions ( ! con/ellations z !y appe> at #i o'clock ,p4,m4 9 mid-season4 ,to facilitate f9d+ & obs]v+ ! con/ellations1 ! /ud5t %\ld face 9 ! direction indicat$ 9 ! text4 ,?is applies to all con/ellations except+ ^? ne> ! z5i?4 ,! f\r l>ge plates are s arrang$ t ! obs]v] is suppos$ to be look+ at ! s\!rn skies4 ,by turn+ ! plate ab\t f left to "r1 ! ea/]n1 nor!rn1 & we/]n skies are %[n successively4 ,on _m ( ! diagrams ! position ( nebulae is indicat$4 ,^! are designat$ by ! initial lett] ( ! a/ronom] :o catalogu$ !m1 prec$$ by 8 catalogue numb]1 z = in/ance #h ,m4 signifies nebula numb] #h 9 ,messi]'s catalogue4 ,! magnitudes assign$ to ! />s 9 ! diagrams are d]iv$ f ! ,h>v>d ,photometry4 ,:5 a /> is midway betwe5 two magnitudes ! num]al is und]l9$1 ?us #b1 indicates a /> ( magnitude #b4e4 ,if a />'s magnitude is betwe5 #a & #a4e x is reg>d$ z a fir/-magnitude />4 ,if x lies betwe5 #a4e & #b x is designat$ second magnitude4 ,,! ,,con/ellations ,,( ,,spr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,map %[+ ! pr9cipal />s visible f ,lat4 #dj;deg ,n4 at #i o'clock ,april #a/4 ,,ursa ,,major 7er'sa ma'-jor7--,,! ,,great ,,be>4 7,face ,nor?47 ,,location4--,ursa ,major is probably ! be/ kn[n ( ! con/ellations1 & 9 ?is "w ,i presuppose t ! read] is famili> ) its position 9 ! heav5s4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ not$ & conspicu\s con/ellations 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & is readily & unmi/akably di/+ui%$ f all o!rs by means ( a rem>kable clu/] ( sev5 bright />s 9 ! nor!rn heav5s1 =m+ :at is famili>ly t]m$ ,! ,dipp]4 ,! />s a & b are call$ ! po9t]s1 because !y always po9t t[>d ! ,pole ,/>1 #bh-c_/d;deg di/ant f a4 ,alio? is v ne>ly opposite ,%$ir 9 ,cassiopeia1 & at an equal di/ance f ! ,pole4 ,! same c be said ( ,megres1 9 ,ursa ,major1 & ,caph1 9 ,cassiopeia4 ,! /> o is at ! tip ( ! ,be>'s nose4 ,a cle>ly def9$ semicircle beg9s at o & ends 9 ! pair i & k at ! extremity ( ! ,be>'s "r =e paw4 ,?is gr\p ( />s resembles a sickle4 ,note little ,alcor close to ,miz>4 ,?is /> 0 us$ by ! ,arabs z a te/ ( good eyesight4 ,miz> & ,alcor are kn[n z ! horse & 8 rid]4 ,?is plate %[s ! ,be> ly+ on 8 back1 8 feet project$ up ! sky2 ?ree conspicu\s pairs ( />s repres5t ?ree ( 8 f\r feet4 ,! ,*aldean %eph]ds & ! ,iroquois ,indians gave to ?is con/ellation ! same "n4 ,! ,egyptians call$ x ,! ,?igh4 a & e are mov+ ?r\gh space 9 a contr>y direction to ! rema9+ five />s 9 ,! ,dipp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ursa ,,major ,,ursa ,,m9or 7er'-sa mi'-nor7--,,! ,,little ,,be>4 7,face ,nor?47 ,,location4--,! two po9t] />s 9 ,ursa ,major indicate ! position ( ,pol>is1 ! ,nor? ,/>1 :i* repres5ts ! tip ( ! tail ( ! ,little ,be>1 & ! end ( ! h&le ( ! ,little ,dipp]4 ,9 all ages ( ! _w1 ,ursa ,m9or has be5 m univ]sally obs]v$ & m c>efully notic$ ?an any o!r con/ellation1 on acc\nt ( ! importance ( ! ,nor? ,/>4 ,pol>is is a little m ?an #a-a_/d;deg f ! true pole4 ,its light takes fifty ye>s to rea* u4 ,a l9e jo9+ b ,cassiopeiae1 & ,megres1 9 ,ursa ,major1 w pass ?r\gh ,pol>is4 ,at ! di/ance ( ! ne>e/ fix$ /> our sun w\ld %9e z a /> no bright] ?an ,pol>is :i* is presumably ab\t ! sun's size4 ,pol>is revolves ar\nd ! true pole once 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 a little circle #b-a_/b;deg 9 diamet]4 ,)9 ?is circle two hundr$ />s h be5 photograph$4 ,! ,nor? ,/> is always elevat$ z _m degrees above ! horizon z ! obs]v] is nor? ( ! equator4 ,comp>e ! light ( ! f\r />s =m+ ! b[l ( ! ,little ,dipp]1 z !y are ea* ( a diff]5t magnitude4 ,a /&>d fir/-magnitude /> is #b-a_/b times bright] ?an a /&>d second magnitude />1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ursa ,,m9or ,,gem9i 7jem'-i-ni7--,,! ,,tw9s4 7,face ,we/47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f b to k ,ursae ,majoris & prolong$ an equal di/ance ends ne> ,ca/or1 9 ,gem9i4 ,gem9i is *>act]iz$ by two ne>ly p>allel r[s ( />s4 ,! nor!rn r[ if ext5d$ w\ld rea* ,taurus1 ! s\!rn "o ,orion4 ,note ! f9e clu/] #ce ,m4 ,h]s*el discov]$ ,uranus 9 #agha a %ort di/ance s\?we/ ( x4 ,two wond]ful /reams ( little />s run p>allel nor?we/ on ea* side ( ! clu/]4 ,:]e ! ecliptic crosses ! sol/itial colure is ! spot :]e ! sun appe>s to be :5 x is f>!/ nor? ( ! equator1 ,june #ba/4 ,ca/or is a f9e d\ble = a telescope1 & ,pollux has ?ree little att5dant />s4 ,an isoceles triangle is =m$ by ,ca/or1 ,aldeb>an 9 ,taurus1 & ,capella 9 ,auriga4 ,!re is a record ( an occultation 9 ,gem9i not$ ab\t ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! ,arabs saw 9 ?is gr\p ( />s two peacocks1 ! ,egyptians two spr\t+ plants1 & ! ,h9dus tw9 deities1 :ile 9 ! ,buddhi/ zodiac !y repres5t$ a woman hold+ a gold5 cord4 ,s9ce classic times1 h[ev]1 ! figure has always be5 t ( human tw9s4 ,at ! po9t indicat$ ne> ? a new /> 0 discov]$ by ,enebo 9 ,m>*1 #aiab4 ,x atta9$ a maximum ( ab\t magnitude #c4e & has at ?is writ+ wan$ to ! elev5? magnitude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gem9i ,,auriga 7a-ri'-ga7--,,! ,,*>iote]4 7,face ,nor?we/47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f d to a ,ursae ,majoris1 & prolong$ ab\t #de;deg1 ends ne> ! bright ,capella1 9 ,auriga1 a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 & "o ( ! mo/ brilliant 9 ! heav5s4 ,x is unmi/akable1 hav+ no rival 9 brightness ne> x4 ,auriga is a beautiful & conspicu\s con/ellation4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by a cle>ly def9$ p5tagon4 ,note ! ?ree f\r?-magnitude />s ne> ,capella kn[n z ,! ,kids4 ,! /> b is common to ,auriga & ,taurus1 be+ ! =m]'s "r foot & ! latt]'s nor!rn horn4 ,! field )9 ! p5tagon is p>ticul>ly ri* 9 clu/]s4 ,capella =ms a rude squ>e ) ,pol>is1 e ,cassiopeiae1 & o ,ursae ,majoris1 & =ms an equilat]al triangle ) ,betelgeuze 9 ,orion1 & ! ,pleiades 9 ,taurus4 ,a l9e f ? to a ,aurigae prolong$ ab\t #bj;deg ends ne> a ,p]sei4 ,capella is visible at "s h\r ( e cle> night ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,( ! fir/-magnitude />s x is ne>e/ to ! ,pole1 & x rises almo/ exactly 9 ! nor!a/4 ,to ! ,arabs ,capella 0 ,! ,driv]1 because x seem$ to rise e>li] ?an ! o!r />s & s app>5tly wat*$ ov] !m1 or /ill m practically z ,! ,s+] :o rode be=e ! procession *e]+ on ! camels1 :i* la/ 7 repres5t$ by ! ,pleiades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,auriga ,,canc] 7kan'-s]7--,,! ,,crab4 7,face ,we/47 ,,location4--,canc] lies betwe5 ,gem9i & ,leo4 ,a l9e drawn f ,na? 9 ,auriga to ,pollux 9 ,gem9i1 & prolong$ ab\t #ae;deg1 ends 9 ,praesepe1 ! ,mang]1 ! great /> clu/] 9 ,canc]1 :i* is also call$ ,! ,bee ,hive4 ,x conta9s #cjj />s4 ,! />s g & d are call$ ! ,aselli--! ass's colts fe$+ f ! silv] mang]4 ,! /> b lies ab\t #aj;deg nor!a/ ( ,procyon4 ,acub5s1 a lies on ! same l9e ! same di/ance beyond b4 ,^! two />s =m ! tips ( ! inv]t$ ,y :i* di/+ui%es ,canc]4 ,an imag9>y l9e f ,capella ?r\gh ,pollux w po9t out ,acub5s4 ,close to x are two fa9t />s4 ,! ,bee ,hive lies )9 an irregul> squ>e =m$ by g1 d1 e1 & ?1 & looks l a nebula to ! nak$ eye4 ,9 ,june1 #ahie1 all ! planets except ,neptune 7 9 ?is qu>t] ( ! heav5s1 & ,halley's comet 0 9 ?is con/ellation on its fir/ appe>ance 9 #aeca4 ,! dimness ( g & d is an infallible precursor ( ra91 & if ! ,bee ,hive is n visible 9 a cle> sky1 x is a presage ( a viol5t /orm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,canc] ,,hydra 7hi'-dra7--,,! ,,sea-,,s]p5t4 7,face ,s\? & ,s\?we/47 ,,location4--,! head ( ,hydra1 a /rik+ & beautiful arrangem5t ( />s1 lies j bel[ ! ,bee ,hive1 9 ,canc]1 #f;deg s\? ( ,acub5s 9 t con/ellation1 & =ms a rhomboidal figure ( five />s4 ,hydra is ab\t #ajj;deg 9 l5g? & rea*es almo/ f ,canis ,m9or to ,libra4 ,its />s are all fa9t except ,alph>d1 or ! ,hydra's he>t1 a second-magnitude /> rem>kable = its lonely situation1 s\?we/ ( ,regulus1 9 ,leo4 ,a l9e drawn f g ,leonis ?r\gh ,regulus po9ts x out4 ,x is ( a ri* orange t9t4 ,ca/or & ,pollux1 9 ,gem9i1 po9t s\!a/ to x4 ,! con/ellations ,crat]1 ! ,cup1 & ,corvus1 ! ,cr[1 bo? /& on ! coils ( ,hydra1 s\? ( ,d5ebola1 ! bright /> 9 ! tail ( ! ,lion4 ,hydra is suppos$ to be ! snake %[n on a uranographic /one f ! ,euphrates1 #abjj ,b4,c4 ,! little a/]ism ,sextans1 ! ,sextant1 lies 9 ! region betwe5 ,regulus & ,alph>d4 ,x conta9s no />s bright] ?an ! f\r? magnitude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hydra ,,leo 7le'o7--,,! ,,lion4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f ,pollux1 9 ,gem9i1 to g 9 ,canc]1 & prolong$ ab\t #ab;deg1 /rikes ,regulus1 ! brilliant /> 9 ! he>t ( ! ,lion4 ,regulus lies ab\t #i;deg ea/ ( ,acub5s1 9 ,canc]1 & ab\t #ab;deg nor!a/ ( ,alph>d1 9 ! he>t ( ,hydra4 ,leo is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful con/ellations 9 ! zodiac4 ,x lies s\? ( ! ,great ,be>1 & its pr9cipal />s are arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a sickle :i* ne>ly outl9es ! ,lion's head4 ,?is gr\p is s /rik+ z to be unmi/akable4 ,regulus is 9 ! h&le ( ! sickle4 ,x is "o ( ! />s f :i* longitude is reckon$1 lies almo/ exactly on ! ecliptic1 & is visible = eight mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,d5ebola1 ! bright /> 9 ! ,lion's tail1 lies #be;deg ea/ ( ,regulus1 & ab\t #ce;deg we/ ( ,arcturus1 9 ,bo3otes4 ,x is ! same di/ance nor?we/ ( ,spica1 9 ,virgo1 & =ms ) ,spica & ,arcturus a l>ge equilat]al triangle4 z is d\ble1 & has ?ree fa9t companion />s4 e has two sev5?-magnitude companion />s1 =m+ a beautiful little triangle4 ,regulus is :ite 9 color1 g yell[1 p r$4 g is a beautiful color$ telescopic d\ble /> & has a companion visible 9 an op]a-glass4 ,! figure ( ,leo v mu* z we n[ h x appe>s 9 all ! ,indian & ,egyptian zodiacs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,leo ,,! ,,sickle ,,coma ,,b]5ices 7ko'-ma b]-e-ni'-sez7--,,b]5ice',s ,,hair4 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f ,regulus to ,zosma1 9 ,leo1 & prolong$ an equal di/ance1 /rikes ?is f9e clu/]1 :i* is #ah;deg nor!a/ ( ,zosma1 d ,leonis4 ,! gr\p lies well )9 a triangle =m$ by ,d5ebola1 ,arcturus1 9 ,bo3otes1 & ,cor ,c>oli1 9 ,canes ,v5atici1 :i* triangle is ! upp] half ( ! ,diamond ( ,virgo4 ,tw5ty or ?irty />s 9 ?is gr\p c be c\nt$ ) an op]a-glass1 & ! gr\p c be easily di/+ui%$ ) ! nak$ eye1 :5 ! moon is n visible4 ,! fir/ half ( ! mon? ( ,april c be call$ ! mo/ brilliant sid]eal p]iod ( ! ye>4 ,at ?is "t elev5 fir/-magnitude />s are visible 9 ?is latitude at #i ,p4,m4 ,f ea/ to we/ !y are3 ,vega1 ,arcturus1 ,spica1 ,regulus1 ,pollux1 ,procyon1 ,sirius1 ,capella1 ,aldeb>an1 ,betelgeuze1 & ,rigel1 truly a glori\s company1 an incomp>able sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coma ,,b]5ices ,,canis ,,m9or 7ka'-nis mi'-nor7--,,! ,,less] ,,dog4 7,face ,we/47 ,,location4--,procyon1 ! ,little ,dog ,/>1 lies ab\t #bc;deg s\? ( ,pollux1 9 ,gem9i4 ,a l9e drawn f ,na?1 9 ,auriga1 to ,alh5a1 9 ,gem9i1 & prolong$ ab\t #ah;deg1 rea*es ,procyon4 ,procyon is equidi/ant f ,betelgeuze 9 ,orion1 & ,sirius 9 ,canis ,major1 & =ms ) !m an equilat]al triangle4 ,x =ms a l>ge "r-angl$ triangle ) ,pollux & ,betelgeuze4 ,! light f ,procyon is gold5 yell[4 ,f\r degrees nor?we/ ( x is ! ?ird-magnitude /> ,gomeisa4 ,! glass %[s two small />s =m+ a "r-angl$ triangle ) x4 ,procyon 0 di/9ctly m5tion$ by ,ptolemy4 ,x rises 9 ?is latitude a little nor? ( ea/ ab\t half an h\r be=e ,sirius1 ! ,dog ,/>1 h5ce x 0 call$ ,procyon f two ,greek words :i* signify be=e ! dog4 ,procyon is "o ( our ne>e/ neighbors 9 space1 at a di/ance ( t5 light ye>s1 & is att5d$ by a v fa9t companion :i* is only visible 9 ! l>ge/ telescopes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,canis ,,m9or ,,corvus 7kor'-vus7--,,! ,,cr[4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f ! ,bee ,hive1 9 ,canc]1 ?r\gh ,regulus1 9 ,leo1 & prolong$ ab\t #dj;deg1 ends ne> ! conspicu\s quadrilat]al :i* di/+ui%es ,corvus4 ,! brighte/ /> 9 ?is region ( ! sky is ,spica1 9 ,virgo4 ,x lies ab\t #aj;deg nor!a/ ( ,algorab4 z is a d\ble /> = an op]a-glass4 ,a fa9t pair ( />s lie close bel[ & to ! we/ ( b4 ,! ,cr[ is repres5t$ z /&+ on1 & peck+ at1 ! coils ( ,hydra4 ,! /> ,al ,*iba is 9 ! ,cr['s bill4 ,corvus 0 kn[n z ! ,rav5 9 ,*auc]'s "t4 d is an int]e/+ telescopic d\ble4 ,a l9e drawn f g to b ,corvi & prolong$ twice its l5g? locates ! ?ird-magnitude /> i ,c5tauri 9 ! "r %\ld] ( ! ,c5taur4 ,! brighte/ />s 9 ?is con/ellation are n visible 9 ?is latitude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,corvus ,,crat] 7kra'-t]7--,,! ,,cup4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,crat] is situat$ #ae;deg we/ ( ,corvus1 & due s\? ( ? ,leonis4 ,x is easily di/+ui%$ by reason ( a beautiful & v /rik+ semicircle ( six />s ( ! f\r? magnitude1 =m+ ! b[l ( ! cup4 ,! con/ellation resembles a goblet ) its base re/+ on ! coils ( ,hydra4 ,! /> ,alkes is common to ,hydra & ,crat]1 & may be se5 #bd;deg s\!a/ ( ,alph>d 9 ! he>t ( ,hydra4 ,x is di/+ui%$ by its =m+ an equilat]al triangle ) a & g1 />s ( ! same magnitude #f;deg s\? & ea/ ( x4 ,corvus & ,crat] are to be se5 half-way up ! s\!rn sky dur+ ! e>ly ev5+s 9 spr+4 d is n[ ! lucida4 ,crat] is situat$ at ab\t ! c5tre ( ,hydra & is on ! m]idian1 ,april #bf?4 ,ow+ to its _m fa9t />s x is be/ se5 on a cle> moonless night4 ,! zodiacal light is well wor? obs]v+ at ?is season ( ! ye>4 ,x is to be se5 9 ! we/]n sky %ortly aft] sund[n1 & is mo/ int5se dur+ ! ev5+s ( ,m>*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,crat] ,,meteoric ,,%[]s4 ,,april ,,to ,,july4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,o!r ,dates ,"n ( ,%[] ,date ,radiant ,po9t ,*>act]i/ics ( ,location ,obs]vation ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,beta or ,mu ,apr4 #i-af ,! ,dragon's head ,n4,e4 ,draconids ,apr4 #ah ,sw4 ,f4 ,apr4 #ag-be ,beta ,s]p5tids ,! ,s]p5t's head ,s4,e4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,lyrids1 ,ab\t #aj;deg f ri* %[] ,apr4 #bj ,vega t[>d ,v4 ,sw4 ,n4,e4 ,h]cules ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,eta ,aqu>ids1 ,may #f ,ne> ! ,wat] ,sw4 ,sk4 ,aft] #b ,a4,m4 ,e4 f9e annual %[] ,j> ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,alpha ,coronids1 ,may #aa ,ne> ,gemma ,sl4 ,f4 ,may #g-ah ,n4 well def9$ 9 #ahhe 7a7 ,coronae ,b4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,iota ,pegasids1 ,betwe5 ,cygnus ,sw4 ,sk4 ,may #bi- well def9$ %[] ,may #cj & ! ,great ,june #d aft] ,n4,e4 ,squ>e #aj ,p4,m4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,beta ,h]culids ,june #g ,ne> ! ,cr[n ,sl4 ,b4 ,a fire ball ,s4,e4 ,ab\t #h;deg,s4 ( radiant ,beta ,ophiu*ids ,june #aj ,ras ,alhague ,sl4 ,june #aj1 #ac ,s4,e4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,delta ,cepheids ,june #bj ,ab\t #ac;deg f ,june #aj-bh1 7b7 ,cassiopeiae ,sw4 ,july #ai1 ,aug4 ,n4 #be1 etc4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,! ,abbreviations "u ,*>act]i/ics are z foll[s3 ,v4--v4 ,m4--mod]ately4 ,sw4--swift4 ,sl4--sl[4 ,%4--%ort4 ,b4--bright4 ,f4--fa9t4 ,sk4--/reak-leav+ meteors4 ,t4--tra9-leav+ meteors4 ,,! ,,con/ellations ,,( ,,summ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,maps %[+ ! pr9cipal />s visible f ,lat4 #dj;deg ,n4 at #i o'clock1 ,july fir/4 ,,draco 7dra'-ko7--,,! ,,dragon4 7,face ,nor?47 ,,location4--,ab\t #aj;deg f a ,ursae ,majoris--f a to d is #aj;deg--slightly s\? (1 t is above1 ! l9e f a to ,pol>is1 is ,gians>1 l 9 ! tip ( ! ,dragon's tail4 ,above l1 & almo/ 9 l9e ) x1 are two m />s 9 ,draco1 :i* =m ) two />s 9 ,ursa ,major a quadrilat]al4 7,see diagram47 ,draco n[ curves %>ply ea/w>d1 coil+ ab\t ! ,little ,be> z %[n1 !n turns abruptly s\!rly1 end+ 9 a *>act]i/ic & cle>ly def9$ gr\p ( f\r />s1 =m+ an irregul> squ>e1 repres5t+ ! ,dragon's head4 ,?is gr\p is almo/ ov]head 9 ! e>ly ev5+ 9 summ]4 ,! /> 9 ! heel ( ,h]cules lies j s\? ( ! ,dragon's head4 ,! brilliant ,vega w be se5 ab\t ov]head1 #ab;deg s\?we/ ( ! ,dragon's head4 ,eltan91 "o ( ! ,dragon's eyes1 is not$ = its connection ) ! discov]y ( ! law ( ab]ration ( light4 ,x is ( an orange hue1 :ile ! /> b1 ne> x1 is :ite4 ,note ,?uban1 once ! ,pole ,/>1 at "o corn] ( a quadrilat]al t ,draco =ms ) ,ursa ,major4 ,?uban c\ld be se5 by day or night f ! bottom ( ! c5tral passage ( sev]al ( ! ,pyramids 9 ,egypt4 ,! ris+ ( ,eltan9 0 visible ab\t ?irty-five hundr$ ye>s ,b4,c4 ?r\gh ! c5tral passages ( ! temples ( ,ha?or at ,d5d]ah4 ,! ,egyptians call$ ,draco ,! ,hippopotamus4 ,vega & ! f\r />s 9 ! ,dragon's head (f] an opportunity to comp>e ! fir/ five /ell> magnitudes ) :i* all %\ld be famili>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,draco ,,lyra 7li'-ra7--,,! ,,lyre4 ,,location4--,lyra may be easily di/+ui%$ because ( ! brilliant ,vega1 its brighte/ />1 :i* is situat$ ab\t #ab;deg s\?we/ ( ! ,dragon's head4 ,x is unmi/akable1 z x is ! brighte/ /> 9 ?is region ( ! heav5s1 & ! ?ird brighte/ 9 ?is latitude4 ,9 ,july & ,augu/ ,vega is close to ! z5i? 9 ! e>ly ev5+4 ,! six bright />s 9 ,lyra =m an equilat]al triangle on "o corn] ( a rhomboid4 ,a v *>act]i/ic figure4 e is a pretty d\ble = an op]a-glass1 & a #c glass reveals ! duplicity ( ea* /> ( ?is pair4 e is !re=e a d\ble d\ble4 z is a d\ble = a good glass4 b is a v>iable1 *ang+ f magnitude #c4d to #d4d 9 twelve days4 ,at its brighte/ x is ab\t equal to its ne> neighbor g ,lyrae4 ,! not$ r+ nebula lies betwe5 b & g4 ,a #c glass reveals x b a p[]ful telescope is requir$ to r5d] its details visible4 ,if ! di/ance f ! e>? to ! sun equall$ "o in*1 ! di/ance f ! e>? to ,vega w\ld be #aeh miles4 ,vega 0 ! fir/ /> to be photograph$1 9 #ahej4 ,x is visible at "s h\r e cle> night1 & has be5 call$ ! arc-light ( ! sky4 ,its light has ! blui%-:ite hue t sugge/s a diamond 9 ! sky4 ,! spectroscope reveals t ,vega is a /> probably only 9 its infancy1 z hydrog5 is its pr$om9at+ elem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lyra ,,cygnus 7sig'-nus7--,,! ,,swan1 ,,or ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,cross4 ,,location4--,d5eb1 ! brighte/ /> 9 ,cygnus1 is at ! top ( ! cross1 & a little ov] #bj;deg ea/ ( ,vega4 ,x =ms a triangle ) ,vega & ,altair 9 ,aquila--,altair be+ at ! apex1 ab\t #ce;deg f ,d5eb & ,vega4 b ,cygni is at ! base ( ! cross1 & a l9e drawn f ,vega to ,altair ne>ly t\*es x4 ,x is a beautiful color$ d\ble = a small telescope4 ,note #fa1 "o ( ! ne>e/ />s to u4 ,x 0 ! fir/ /> ^: di/ance 0 measur$ 7by ,bessel 9 #ahch74 ,x is a d\ble /> & #aj4d light ye>s di/ant4 ,! cross is ne>ly p]fect & easily trac$ out4 ,x lies almo/ :olly 9 ! ,milky ,way4 ,note ,! ,coal ,sack1 "o ( ! d>k gap 9 ! ,milky ,way4 ,cygnus conta9s an unusual numb] ( deeply color$ />s & v>iable />s4 o ,cygni has a six?-magnitude companion1 & g is 9 ! mid/ ( a beautiful /ream ( fa9t />s4 ,?is region is p]haps ri*] ?an any simil> ext5t 9 ! heav5s4 ,an op]a-glass w reveal _m ( its beauties4 ,h]s*el c\nt$ #cca1jjj />s 9 an area ( only #e;deg 9 ,cygnus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cygnus ,,aquila 7ak'-wi-l3a7--,,! ,,eagle1 ,,& ,,ant9o3,u,s4 7,face ,s\!a/47 ,,location4--,half-way up ! sky 9 ! ,milky ,way1 y w see ?ree />s 9 a l9e1 ! middle "o mu* bright] ?an ! o!r two4 ,?is bright /> is ,altair1 9 ,aquila4 ,x =ms ) ,vega & ,d5eb an isosceles triangle4 ,altair is at ! apex1 ab\t #ce;deg f ! o!r two4 ,a triangle is =m$ by ,vega1 ,altair1 & ,ras ,alhague1 9 ! ,s]p5t ,be>]1 :i* is ab\t #cj;deg we/ ( ,altair4 ,?is is a d\ble con/ellation compos$ ( ,aquila & ,ant9o3us4 ,altair is 9 ! neck ( ! ,eagle1 ,als*a9 9 ! head ( ,ant9o3us4 ,:5 ! moon is abs5t1 a rude arr[head c be trac$ out1 embrac+ almo/ all ! />s 9 ,aquila4 e is an int]e/+ v>iable />1 *ang+ f magnitude #c4e to #d4g & back aga9 )9 a p]iod ( #g days #d h\rs #ab m9utes4 ,altair rises ab\t #h;deg nor? ( ! exact ea/]n po9t on ! horizon4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #chi a wond]ful tempor>y /> fla%$ out ne> ,altair t equall$ ,v5us 9 brightness & vani%$ )9 ?ree weeks' "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aquila ,,ant9o3,u,s ,,delph9us 7del-fi'-nus7--,,! ,,dolph91 ,,or ,,job',s ,,c(f94 7,face ,s\!a/47 ,,location4--,! little clu/] ( five />s =m+ ,delph9us is to be se5 ab\t #aj;deg nor!a/ ( ,altair1 &1 ?\gh !re are no bright />s 9 ! gr\p1 x c h>dly escape notice4 ,a l9e drawn f ,vega to ,albireo1 & prolong$ ab\t #bj;deg1 /rikes ! /> e 9 ! tail ( ! ,dolph94 ,! f\r o!r />s ( prom95ce 9 ! con/ellation are a little above e1 & =m a diamond-%ap$ figure4 ,! little a/]isms ,sagitta1 ! ,arr[1 & ,vulpecula & ,ans]1 ! ,fox & ,goose1 are %[n j above ,delph9us4 ,delph9us is also call$ ,job's ,c(f94 ,! orig9 ( ?is appellation is unkn[n4 ,9 ,greece1 ,delph9us 0 ! ,sacr$ ,fi%1 ! sky emblem ( philan?ropy4 ,! ,arabs call$ x ! ,rid+ ,camel4 ,! /> g ,delph9i is a f9e d\ble = a small telescope ) a m>k$ & beautiful contra/ ( colors4 ,! names = a & b rev]s$ spell ,nicolaus ,v5ator1 ! ,lat9iz$ "n ( ! assi/ant to ! a/ronom] ,piazzi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,delph9us ,,sagitt>ius 7saj-i-ta-ri-u7--,,! ,,ar*]4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f ,d5eb1 9 ,cygnus1 to ,altair1 9 ,aquila1 & prolong$ an equal di/ance1 t]m9ates 9 ,sagitt>ius ab\t #aj;deg ea/ ( its di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic1 ! ,milk ,dipp]4 ,sagitt>ius is "o ( ! signs ( ! zodiac1 & lies betwe5 ,capricornus1 on ! ea/1 & ,scorpius1 on ! we/4 ,! b[ is easily trac$ out4 g m>ks ! arr['s tip4 ,note ! /> m1 :i* s]ves to po9t out ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice1 :]e ! sol/itial colure int]sects ! ecliptic4 ,on a cle> night1 ! pretty clu/] kn[n z ,corona ,au/ralis1 ! ,s\!rn ,cr[n1 c be se5 ab\t #aj;deg bel[ ! b[l ( ! ,milk ,dipp]4 ,its lucida1 ! f\r?-magnitude /> ,alfecca ,m]idiana culm9ates at #i ,p4,m41 ,augu/ #ac?4 ,sagitt>ius is ab\t due s\?1 9 a spl5did position = obs]vation1 dur+ ! mon? ( ,july1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( n9e-?irty & elev5 o'clock ,p4,m4 ,obs]ve ) an op]a-glass ! f9e clu/]s #bj ,m4 & #h ,m41 also an almo/ circul> black void ne> ! />s g & d1 & to ! ea/ ( ?is spot ano!r ( n>r[ cresc5t =m4 ,! />s ph & z 9 ! ,milk ,dipp] are mov+ 9 opposite directions4 ,future g5]ations !re=e w n h ?is "t-honor$ figure to guide !m 9 locat+ ! ,ar*] 9 _! summ] night skies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sagitt>ius ,,ophiu*us 7(-i-u-kus7--,,! ,,s]p5t ,,be>]1 ,,& ,,s]p5s4 7,face ,s\?we/47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f e ,delph9i to g ,aquilae1 prolong$ ab\t #cj;deg1 /rikes ! /> ,ras ,alhague1 ! brighte/ /> 9 ! con/ellation & ! head ( ,ophiu*us4 ,x is at "o angle ( an isosceles triangle1 ( :i* ,altair is at ! apex1 & ,vega ! ?ird angle4 ,two con/ellations are "h comb9$4 ,ophiu*us is repres5t$ z an old man1 hold+ 9 8 h&s a wri?+ s]p5t4 ,ras ,alge?i1 m>k+ ! head ( ,h]cules1 lies j we/ ( ,ras ,alhague4 ,equally di/ant s\!a/ & s\?we/ ( ,ras ,alhague are to be se5 two />s close toge!r1 repres5t+ ! %\ld]s ( ,ophiu*us4 ,8 foot re/s on ! ,scorpion j above ,ant>es4 ,! head ( ,s]p5s is ! /> gr\p 9 ! =m ( an ,x j bel[ ! ,cr[n4 #afjd indicates ! spot :]e 9 t ye> a fam\s tempor>y /> appe>$1 call$ ,kepl]'s />4 ,note ! a/]ism ! ,bull ( ,poniat[ski j ea/ ( g4 ,! /> m>k$ #gj is "o ( ! mo/ di/ant />s = :i* a p>allax has be5 obta9$4 ,its di/ance f ! e>? #a1cjj1jjj radii ( ! e>?'s orbit1 or #abj quadrillion miles4 ,!re is some?+ rem>kable 9 ! c5tral position ( ?is gigantic figure4 ,x is situat$ almo/ exactly 9 ! mid-heav5s1 be+ ne>ly equidi/ant f ! poles1 & midway betwe5 ! v]nal & autumnal equ9oxes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ophiu*us ,,s]p5s ,,scorpius 7skor'-pi-u7--,,! ,,scorpion4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,scorpius1 "o ( ! signs ( ! zodiac1 is a beautiful /> gr\p1 & "o t is easily trac$ out4 ,x lies j "u ! ,s]p5t ,be>]1 betwe5 ,sagitt>ius & ,libra4 ,! resemblance to a ,scorpion is n difficult to see1 h5ce ?is con/ellation is p]haps ! mo/ aptly nam$ ( any4 ,! ruddy /> ,ant>es1 ! brighte/ /> 9 ! con/ellation1 is 9 ! he>t ( ! ,scorpion4 ,x lies ab\t #dj;deg s\?we/ ( ,ras ,alhague1 9 ,ophiu*us1 & a little ov] #bj;deg we/ ( ! b[ ( ,sagitt>ius4 ,! fact t x is ! mo/ brilliant /> 9 ?is region ( ! sky r5d]s its id5tity unmi/akable4 ,x is "o ( ! r$de/ />s 9 ! firmam5t4 ,!re are sev]al /> clu/]s & d\ble />s to be se5 9 ?is con/ellation4 ,_! position is indicat$ 9 ! diagram4 ,! curv$ tail ( ! ,scorpion is v conspicu\s4 l & y are a /rik+ pair & ! f9e clu/]s above !m c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,a record ( a lun> occultation ( b ,scorpii 9 #bie ,b4,c4 is extant4 ,note a pair j bel[ b4 ,!y are kn[n z o#a & o#b4 ,9 ?is region ( ! sky h appe>$ _m ( ! brilliant tempor>y />s1 ! fir/ "o 9 a/ronomical annals be+ discov]$ 9 #acd ,b4,c4 ,scorpius is m5tion$ by all ! e>ly writ]s on a/ronomy & is suppos$ to be s nam$ because 9 ,egypt x 0 a sickly "t ( ! ye> :5 ! sun ent]$ ?is sign4 ,illu/ration3 ,,scorpius ,,libra 7li'-bra7--,,! ,,scales4 7,face ,s\?we/47 ,,location4--,libra is "o ( ! signs ( ! zodiac1 & lies betwe5 ,virgo & ,scorpius4 ,its two *ief />s1 a & b1 may be recogniz$ we/ ( & above ! head ( ! ,scorpion4 ,! /> i ,librae is ab\t #bj;deg nor?we/ ( ,ant>es 9 ! ,scorpion4 ,spica 9 ,virgo1 a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 is a little ov] #bj;deg nor?we/ ( a ,librae4 ,a quadrilat]al is =m$ by ! />s a1 b1 g1 e1 :i* *>act]izes ! con/ellation4 ,! /> a ,librae looks elongat$4 ,an op]a-glass %[s t x has a fif?-magnitude companion4 b is a pale gre5 />4 ,its color is v unusual4 ,lyra1 ,corona1 & ,h]cules are almo/ directly ov]head 9 ! e>ly ev5+1 dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 & c be/ be obs]v$ 9 a recl9+ position4 ,?us plac$1 ) an op]a-glass to assi/ ! vision1 y may /udy to ! be/ advantage ! wond]ful sight spread out be=e y1 & se>* dep?s only measur$ by ! p[] ( y\r glass4 ,:5 ! sun ent]s ! sign ,libra ! days & nights are equal all ov] ! _w & seem to obs]ve a c]ta9 equilibrium l a balance1 h5ce ! "n ( ! con/ellation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,libra ,,corona ,,borealis 7ko-ro'n3a bo-re-a'-lis7--,,! ,,nor!rn ,,cr[n4 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f a ,cygni1 to a ,lyrae1 & project$ a little ov] #dj;deg1 t]m9ates 9 ! ,cr[n1 :i* lies betwe5 ,h]cules & ,bo3otes1 & j above ! diamond-%ap$ gr\p ( />s 9 ! head ( ! ,s]p5t4 ,! *>act]i/ic semicircle resembl+ a cr[n is easily trac$ out4 ,! pr9cipal />s are ( ! f\r? magnitude except+ ,gemma1 :i* is a second-magnitude /> & kn[n z ! ,pe>l ( ! ,cr[n4 ,gemma1 sometimes call$ ,alphacca1 =ms ) ! />s ,seg9us & ,arcturus1 9 ,bo3otes1 an isosceles triangle1 ! v]tex ( :i* is at ,arcturus4 ,close to e a fam\s tempor>y appe>$ sudd5ly ,may #ab1 #ahff1 z a second-magnitude />4 ,x 0 kn[n z ! ,blaze ,/> & 0 visible to ! nak$ eye only eight days1 fad+ at t "t to a t5?-magnitude />1 & !n ris+ to an eigh?-magnitude1 :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,! native ,au/ralians call$ ?is con/ellation ,! ,boom]ang4 ,to ! ,hebrews x 0 ,at>o? & by ?is "n x is kn[n 9 ! ,ea/ to-day4 ,no two ( ! sev5 />s compos+ ! ,cr[n are mov+ 9 ! same direction or at ! same rate4 a ,coronae is sev5ty-eight light ye>s di/ant & sixty times bright] ?an ! sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,corona ,,borealis ,,h]cules 7h]'-ku-lez7--,,! ,,kneel]4 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f ei!r ,vega1 9 ,lyra1 or ,altair1 9 ,aquila1 to ,gemma1 9 ,corona ,borealis1 passes ?r\gh ?is con/ellation4 ,! left foot ( ,h]cules re/s on ! head ( ,draco1 on ! nor?1 & 8 head ne>ly t\*es ! head ( ,ophiu*us on ! s\?4 ,! /> 9 ! head ( ,h]cules1 ,ras ,alge?i1 is ab\t #be;deg s\!a/ ( ,corona ,borealis4 a ,ophiu*i & a ,h]culis are only ab\t #e;deg ap>t4 ,! clu/] #ac ,m41 ! ,halley ,nebula1 c be easily se5 9 an op]a-glass4 ,9 a rec5t photograph ( ?is clu/] #ej1jjj />s are %[n 9 an area ( sky :i* w\ld be entirely cov]$ by ! full moon4 ,h]cules occupies ! "p ( ! heav5s t[>d :i* ! sun is be>+ ! e>? & planets at ! rate ( twelve miles a second or #cgc million miles a ye>4 ,on a cle> night ! a/]ism ,c]b]us1 ! ?ree-head$ dog1 :i* ,h]cules holds 9 8 h&1 c be se54 ,?is con/ellation is said to h be5 an object ( wor%ip 9 ,pho5icia4 ,!re is a good deal ( my/]y ab\t its orig94 ,! anci5t ,greeks call$ x ,! ,phantom & ,! ,man ^u 8 ,knees4 ,! />s e1 z1 e1 & p =m a key/one %ap$ figure t s]ves to id5tify ! con/ellation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]cules ,,bo3,o,,tes 7bo-o'tez7--,,! ,,h]dsman1 ,,or ,,be> ,,driv]4 7,face ,we/47 ,,location4--,bo3otes lies j we/ ( ! ,cr[n1 & ea/ ( ,cor ,c>oli4 ,x may be easily di/+ui%$ by ! position & spl5dor ( its pr9cipal />1 ,arcturus1 :i* %9es ) a gold5 yell[ lu/re4 ,x is ab\t #ce;deg ea/ ( ,d5ebola1 9 ,leo1 & ne>ly z f> nor? ( ,spica1 9 ,virgo1 & =ms ) ^! two a l>ge equilat]al triangle4 ,a l9e drawn f z to e ,ursae ,majoris & prolong$ ab\t #cj;deg locates x1 z does "o f d ,h]culis to g ,coronae prolong$ its l5g?4 ,! brighte/ />s 9 ,bo3otes outl9e a *>act]i/ic kite-%ap$ figure4 ,arcturus is m5tion$ 9 ! ,book ( ,job & is (t5 ref]r$ to z ,! ,/> ( ,job4 ,?ree />s ( ! f\r? magnitude are situat$ 9 ! "r h&4 ,!y are ab\t #e;deg nor? ( e ,ursae ,majoris4 ,contra/ ! color ( ,arcturus ) ,spica1 ,ant>es1 & ,vega4 ,! trapezium b1 g1 d1 & m1 0 call$ ,! ,female ,wolves1 by ! ,arabians2 ?1 i1 k & l1 ,! ,:elps ( ! ,hy5as4 ,!y knew ! con/ellation z ,! ,vocif]ator4 ,arcturus is ! f\r? brighte/ /> 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,x is #ajjj times ! size ( our sun & ru%es ?r\gh space t[>d ,virgo at ! a/\nd+ rate ( n9ety miles a second4 ,x is =ty light ye>s di/ant4 ,! anci5t ,greeks call$ ?is con/ellation ,lycaon1 a "n :i* signifies a ,wolf4 ,! ,hebrew "n = x 0 ,! ,b>k+ ,dog4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bo3,o,,tes ,,virgo 7v]'-go7--,,! ,,virg94 7,face ,we/47 ,,location4--,an imag9>y l9e drawn f ,ant>es 9 ,scorpius ?r\gh a ,librae & prolong$ a little ov] #bj;deg /rikes ,spica1 ! brighte/ /> 9 ,virgo1 :i* /> is ab\t #cj;deg s\?we/ ( ,arcturus4 ,arcturus1 ,cor ,c>oli1 ,d5ebola1 & ,spica =m a figure ab\t #ej;deg 9 l5g?1 call$ ! ,diamond ( ,virgo4 ,! equator1 ecliptic1 & equ9octial colure int]sect ea* o!r at a po9t close to ! /> e4 ,?is is call$ ! autumnal equ9ox4 ,! /> e is kn[n z ! ,grape ,ga!r]4 ,x is obs]v$ to rise j be=e ! sun at v9tage "t4 ,)9 ! rude squ>e =m$ by ,d5ebola1 & e1 g1 & b1 ,virg9is1 ! telescope reveals _m wond]ful nebulae2 h5ce ?is region ( ! sky has be5 call$ ,! ,field ( ! ,nebula4 ,spica is an extremely beautiful pure :ite />4 ,x rises a v little s\? ( ! exact ea/]n po9t on ! horizon4 g is a f9e d\ble /> = a small telescope4 ,virgo is m5tion$ by ! a/ronom]s ( all ages4 ,by ! ,egyptians x 0 int5d$ to repres5t ! goddess ,isis1 & ! ,greeks knew x z ,c]es4 ,spica repres5ts ! e> ( corn held 9 ! ,virg9's left h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,virgo ,,canes ,,v5atici 7ka'-nez ve-nat'-i-ci7--,,! ,,hunt+ ,,dogs4 7,face ,nor?we/47 ,,location4--,cor ,c>oli1 ! bright /> 9 ?is con/ellation1 :5 on ! m]idian is ab\t #ag;deg s\? ( e ,ursae ,majoris4 ,a l9e drawn f e ,ursae ,majoris1 ?r\gh ,b]5ice's ,hair1 to ,d5ebola1 9 ,leo1 passes ?r\gh x4 ,! dogs1 ,a/]ion & ,*>a1 are repres5t$ z be+ held 9 lea% by ,bo3otes1 ! h]dsman1 9 8 pursuit ( ! ,great ,be>4 ,cor ,c>oli is 9 ! s\!rn h\nd1 ,*>a1 & repres5ts ! he>t ( ,*>les ,,ii ( ,engl&4 ,x is a beautiful d\ble /> 9 a small telescope4 ,! s-call$ ,diamond ( ,virgo1 is cle>ly %[n on ?is plate4 ,x is =m$ by connect+ ) l9es ! />s ,cor ,c>oli1 ,d5ebola1 ,spica1 & ,arcturus4 ,! fif?-magnitude /> ,la ,sup]ba1 ab\t #g;deg nor? & #b-a_/b;deg we/ ( ,cor ,c>oli1 is especially notewor?y because ( ! fla%+ brilliancy ( its prismatic rays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,canes ,,v5atici ,,meteoric ,,%[]s4 ,,july ,,to ,,octob]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,o!r ,dates ,"n ( ,%[] ,date ,radiant ,po9t ,*>act]i/ics ( ,location ( ,obs]vation ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,betwe5 ,june #ac-;,july #g ,vulpeculids or ,july #d ,cygnus & ,sw4 ,apr4 #bj1 ,e4 ,eta ,sagittids ,delph9us ,may #cj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,ne> ,d5eb ,july #aa-ai1 ,cygnids ,july #ai 7a7 ,cygni ,%4 ,sw4 ,f4 ,aug4 #bb1 ,july ,e4 #f-;,aug4 #af ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,betwe5 7a7 ,sw4 ,b4 ,sk4 ,july #bc-;,aug4 #d 7a7-7b7 ,july #be & aft] ,sept4 #ae1 ,n4,e4 ,p]seids 7b7 ,p]sei #aj ,p4,m4 ,nov4 #ac ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,aqu>ids1 a ,ne> ! conspicu\s ,july #bh wat] j> ( ,sl4 ,b4 ,e4 %[] ,aqu>ius ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,p]seids1 f9e ,aug4 #aj ,ne> 7a7 v4 ,sw4 ,sk4 ,n4,e4 %[] ,p]sei ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,kappa ,cygnids ,aug4 #ag ,ne> ! ,sw4 ,b4,t4 ,%4 ,jan4 #ag1 ,aug4 #d1 ,s4,e4 ,dragon's head ,aug4 #ba-be ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,ne> ,capella ,aft] #i4cj ,sept4 #bb1 ,alpha ,aurigids ,aug4 #ba 7a7 ,aurigae ,p4,m4 ,oct4 #b ,n4,e4 v4 ,sw4 ,sk4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,omicron ,ne> ! ,draconids4 ,ri*,aug4 #bb ,dragon's head ,sl4 ,t4 ,aug4 #ba-be ,n %[] 9 #ahgi ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,betwe5 ,capella ,aft] #aj ,aug4 #ba1 #be1 ,epsilon ,sept4 #g & ! ,p4,m4 ,sept4 #f-h1 #ba1 ,n4,e4 ,p]seids ,pleiades v4 ,sw4 ,sk4 ,nov4 #bi4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,alpha ,arietids ,sept4 #ba ,ne> ,hamal ,sl4 ,t4 ,aug4 #ab1 ,oct4 #g ,e4 7a7 ,arietis ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,gamma ,pegasids ,sept4 #bb ,ne> & ,s4,e4 ,sl4 ,july #ca1 ,aug4 ,e4 ( ,great ,sq4 #be1 etc4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,! ,p]seids are ( a yell[i% color1 & move ) m$ium velocity4 ,_! l9e ( flight is f nor!a/ to s\?we/4 ,!y are probably visible = m ?an a mon?1 f ! latt] half ( ,july to ! la/ week 9 ,augu/4 ,! ,augu/ meteors are kn[n z ! ,te>s ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,! ,abbreviations "u ,*>act]i/ics are z foll[s3 v4--v ,sl4--,sl[ ,sk4--,/reak-leav+ meteors4 ,m4--,mod]ately ,b4--,bright ,t4--,tra9-leav+ meteors4 ,sw4--,swift ,f4--,fa9t ,%4--,%ort meteors4 ,,! ,,con/ellations ,,( ,,autumn4 ,illu/ration3 ,map %[+ ! pr9cipal />s visible f ,lat4 #dj;deg ,n4 at #i o'clock1 ,octob] fir/4 ,,cassiopeia 7kas-i-o-pe'-ya7--,,! ,,lady ,,9 ,,! ,,*air4 7,face ,nor?47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f d ,ursae ,majoris1 ?r\gh ,pol>is1 /rikes a ,cassiopeiae4 ,x is situat$ ! same di/ance f ,pol>is z ,ursa ,major1 & ab\t midway betwe5 ,pol>is & ! z5i? 9 ! ,milky ,way4 ,cassiopeia is *>act]iz$ by a zigzag r[ ( />s :i* =m a rude ,w1 b 9 mid-autumn1 to an obs]v] fac+ nor?1 ! ,w appe>s m l an ,m1 & is almo/ ov]head4 ,note ! spot m>k$ #aegb4 ,?is is :]e a v fam\s tempor>y /> appe>$ 9 t ye>4 ,x 0 bright en\gh at "o "t to be se5 9 full sun%9e4 ,! /> e is sixte5 light ye>s di/ant4 ,caph is equidi/ant f ! ,pole1 & exactly opposite ! /> ,megres 9 ,ursa ,major2 ) a ,&rom$ae & g ,pegasi x m>ks ! equ9octial colure4 ,^! />s are kn[n z ,! ,?ree ,guides4 ,! *air c be readily trac$ out2 b1 a1 & g m>k ?ree ( ! f\r corn]s ( ! back1 & d & e1 "o ( ! front legs4 ,! ^w ,bagdei1 made up ( ! lett]s = ! pr9cipal />s1 assi/s ! memory4 ,! />s g & b are po9t] />s to a fif?-magnitude /> ! lucida ( ! a/]ism ,lac]ta1 ! liz>d ab\t #ae;deg f b4 ,cassiopeia makes an excell5t illum9at$ clock4 ,:5 b is above ,pol>is x is noon1 :5 x is 9 ! we/ at "r angles to its fir/ position x is #f ,p4,m4 ,at midnight x is on ! nor!rn horizon1 & at #f ,p4,m4 x is due ea/4 ,?is is sid]eal "t :i* agrees ) mean "t on ,m>* #bb;d1 & ga9s on ! latt] at ! rate ( two h\rs a mon?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cassiopeia ,,cepheus 7se'-fus7 7,face ,nor?47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f a to b ,cassiopeiae & prolong$ ab\t #ah;deg /rikes a ,cephei4 ,! ne>e/ bright /> we/ ( ,pol>is is g ,cephei4 ,cepheus is an inconspicu\s con/ellation1 ly+ p>tly 9 ! ,milky ,way4 ,a view ( ?is con/ellation ?r\gh an op]a-glass w repay ! obs]v]4 ,cepheus is *>act]iz$ by a rude squ>e1 "o side ( :i* is ! base ( an isosceles triangle4 ,look = ! s-call$ g>net /> m1 probably ! r$de/ /> visible to ! nak$ eye 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! /> z has a blue companion />4 a =ms an equilat]al triangle ) ,pol>is & e ,cassiopeiae4 ,x is claim$ t ,cepheus 0 kn[n to ! ,*aldaeans tw5ty-?ree c5turies be=e our era4 ,surr\nd+ d1 e1 z1 & l1 :i* m>k ! k+'s head1 is a vacant space 9 ! ,milky ,way1 simil> to ! ,coal ,sack ( ,cygnus4 ,ab\t #d;deg f g1 9 ! direction ( k is a pretty pair ( six?-magnitude />s4 ,ow+ to precession1 g1 b1 & a ,cephei w be successively ! ,pole ,/> 9 #dejj1 #fjjj1 & #gejj ,a4,d4 respectively4 d is a d\ble ^: compon5ts are yell[ & blue4 ,x is an int]e/+ v>iable *ang+ f magnitude #c4g to #d4i at int]vals ( #e days #h h\rs #dg m9utes4 ,z x is ?ree times z bright at maximum z at m9imum & c be obs]v$ ) ! nak$ eye its v>iations are well wor? obs]v+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cepheus ,,pegasus 7peg'-a-sus7--,,! ,,w+$ ,,horse4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,"o corn] ( ! ,great ,squ>e is f\nd by draw+ a l9e f ,pol>is to ,cassiopeia1 & prolong+ x an equal di/ance4 ,! ,great ,squ>e is a /ell> l&m>k4 ,?ree ( ! corn]s ( ! squ>e are m>k$ by />s 9 ,pegasus2 ! f\r?1 & nor!a/]n1 corn] is m>k$ by ! /> ,alph]atz 9 ,&rom$a4 ,ea* side ( ! squ>e is ab\t #ah;deg long4 ,! horse is g5]ally se5 upside d[n1 ) 8 =e feet project$ up into ! sky4 ,only ! head1 neck1 & =e feet are repres5t$4 ,! /> ,enif m>ks ! nose4 p is an int]e/+ d\ble1 easily se5 9 an op]a-glass4 ,all ! />s ( ! ,squ>e are approa*+ u at an inconceivable spe$4 ,! position ( ! a/]ism ,equus or ,equuleus1 ! ,little ,horse1 or ,horse's ,head1 is %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,delph9us1 ! wat] j> ( ,aqu>ius1 & ! circlet 9 ! ,we/]n ,fi%1 are all 9 ! vic9ity ( ,pegasus1 & indicat$ 9 ! diagram4 ,! w+$ horse is f\nd on co9s ( ,cor9? #ejj to #dcj ,b4,c4 ,! ,greeks call$ ?is con/ellation ,greek3 hippos4 ,pegasus seems to h be5 reg>d$ 9 ,pho5icia & ,egypt z ! sky emblem ( a %ip4 ,)9 ! area ( ! ,squ>e ,argel&] c\nt$ ?irty nak$-eye />s4 ,note a f9e pair 9 ,equuleus j we/ ( ! /> ,enif 9 ,pegasus4 ,! position ( ! equ9octial colure is def9$ by a l9e connect+ ,pol>is1 b ,cassiopeiae1 a ,&rom$ae1 & g ,pegasi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pegasus ,,&rom$a 7an-drom'-e-d3a7--,,! ,,*a9$ ,,lady4 ,,location4--,! /> a ,alph]atz is at ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! great squ>e ( ,pegasus1 "o ( ! /ell> l&m>ks4 ,runn+ ea/ f a1 at almo/ equal di/ances1 are f\r o!r />s1 two ( :i* are ( ! second magnitude4 ,! mo/ ea/]ly "o is b ,p]sei1 kn[n z ,algol1 ! fam\s v>iable4 ,l9es connect+ ! />s g ,&rom$ae1 ,algol1 & a ,p]sei =m a "r-angl$ triangle4 ,! "r angle is m>k$ by ,algol4 ,! *ief object ( int]e/ 9 ?is con/ellation is ! great nebula1 ! fir/ to be discov]$4 ,x c be se5 by ! nak$ eye & x is a f9e sight 9 an op]a-glass4 ,its location is indicat$ 9 ! diagram4 ,! /> g is ! radiant po9t ( ! ,bielid meteors1 look$ = 9 ,novemb]4 ,x is a color$ d\ble visible 9 a #c glass4 ,! great nebula has be5 call$ ! ,que5 ( ! ,nebulae4 ,x is said to h be5 kn[n z f> back z ,a4,d4 #ije1 & x 0 describ$ #ihf ,a4,d4 z ! ,little ,cl\d4 ,&rom$a is v favorable = obs]vation 9 ,septemb]1 l[ 9 ! ea/]n sky4 ,note ! *>act]i/ic ,y %ap$ a/]ism kn[n z ,gloria ,fr$]ika or ,fr$]ik's ,glory4 ,x lies ab\t at ! apex ( a ne>ly isosceles triangle ( :i* a l9e connect+ ,alph]atz & b ,pegasi is ! base4 ,a l9e drawn f d to a ,cassiopeiae & prolong$ a little ov] twice its l5g? po9ts x out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rom$a ,,p]seus 7p]'-sus7--,,! ,,*ampion4 7,face ,nor!a/47 ,,location4--a ,p]sei lies on a l9e drawn f b to g ,&rom$ae1 & is ab\t #i;deg f ! latt]4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature 9 ,p]seus is ! s-call$ segm5t ( ,p]seus1 a curve ( />s beg9n+ ab\t #ab;deg bel[ ,cassiopeia1 & curv+ t[>d ,ursa ,major4 ,note ! fam\s v>iable ,algol ! ,demon />4 ,x repres5ts ! ,m$usa's head :i* ,p]seus holds 9 8 h&4 ,x v>ies f ! second to ! f\r? magnitude 9 ab\t ?ree & "o-half h\rs1 & back aga9 9 ! same "t1 aft] :i* x rema9s /eadily brilliant = two & ?ree-qu>t]s days1 :5 ! same *ange recurs4 ,alg5ib & ,algol =m ) g ,&rom$ae1 a "r-angl$ triangle4 ,note a dull r$ /> ne> ,algol1 & a pretty pair j above ,alg5ib4 ,an op]a-glass reveals mu* t is wor?y ( obs]vation 9 ?is region ( ! sky4 ,x has be5 said ( ! clu/]s betwe5 ,cassiopeia & ,p]seus t !y =m ! mo/ /rik+ sid]eal spectacle 9 ! nor!rn heav5s4 ,!y are visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,alg5ib nev] sets 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york1 j t\*+ ! horizon at its l[] culm9ation4 ,x is e/imat$ t ,algol is a little ov] a million miles 9 diamet]1 e has ?ree fa9t />s on "o side ne>ly 9 a l9e1 & "o on ! o!r--a m9iature repres5tation ( ,jupit] & 8 satellites4 ,algol1 :5 on ! m]idian ( ,new ,york ,city1 is only "o t5? ( a degree f ! z5i? po9t4 ,?is rem>kable v>iable has a d>k companion /> revolv+ ne> x obscur+ its light 9 "p f u at /at$ int]vals4 ,by means ( ! spectroscope ! spe$ diamet] & mass ( ?is invisible /> has be5 reckon$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]seus ,,pisces 7pis'ez7--,,! ,,fi%es4 7,face ,s\!a/47 ,,location4--,?is con/ellation is repres5t$ by two fi%es ea* ) a ribbon ti$ to its tail4 ,"o1 ! ,nor!rn ,fi%1 lies j bel[ b ,&rom$ae1--! o!r1 repres5t$ by ! circlet1 is j bel[ ,pegasus4 ,! ribbons1 repres5t$ by /reams ( fa9t />s1 f a ,v ) elongat$ sides1 & t]m9ate 9 ! /> ,al ,ris*a1 ,! ,knot4 ,bel[ o1 & to ! ea/ ( l ! spot m>k$ 7997 is ! place :i* ! sun occupies at ! "t ( ! equ9ox4 ,x is "o ( ! two cross+ places ( ! equ9octial1 or equator1 ( ! heav5s1 & ! ecliptic1 or sun's pa?4 ,bel[ ,pisces is ,cetus1 ! ,:ale4 ,pisces is ?\ght to h tak5 its "n f its co9cid5ce ) ! sun dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,?ree di/9ct conjunctions ( ,jupit] & ,saturn took place 9 ?is con/ellation 9 ! ye> #gdg ( ,rome4 ,pisces 0 consid]$ ! national con/ellation ( ! ,jews1 z well z a tribal symbol4 ,9 #ahha1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 & ,v5us 7 gr\p$ toge!r 9 ,pisces4 ,! ,circlet is a v /rik+ gr\p =m+ a p5tagon4 ,! glass reveals two fa9t />s 9 addition1 mak+ ! figure sev5-sid$ or elliptical 9 =m4 ,z to ! numb] ( ! />s z classifi$ accord+ to _! magnitude1 t is _! brightness1 x may be m5tion$ t !re are approximately #bj />s ( ! fir/ magnitude1 #fe ( ! second1 #cjj ( ! ?ird1 & #dej ( ! f\r?4 ,we _c see />s fa9t] ?an ! six? magnitude ) ! nak$ eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pisces ,,triangulum 7tri-an'-gu-lum7--,,! ,,triangle4 7,face ,ea/47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f ! /> g ,pegasi to ,algol 9 ,p]seus passes ?r\gh b ,trianguli4 ,! triangle is cle>ly def9$ & a beautiful figure4 ,x lies j bel[ ,&rom$a1 & above ,aries4 ,triangulum is a v anci5t con/ellation1 be+ =m]ly nam$ ,deltoton1 f ! ,greek lett] ,delta ,d4 ,x 0 9 ?is locality t ,piazzi discov]$ ! a/]oid ,c]es1 ,janu>y #a1 #ahjj4 a ,trianguli is sometimes call$ ,caput ,trianguli4 a & b ,trianguli 7 kn[n z ,! ,scale ,beam4 ,accord+ to ,argel&] ! con/ellation conta9s fifte5 />s4 ,! ,triangle has be5 lik5$ to ! ,tr9ity1 & ! ,mitre ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,triangulum ,,aqu>ius 7a-kwa'ri-u7--,,! ,,wat] ,,c>ri]4 7,face ,s\?we/47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f b ,pegasi to a ( ! same con/ellation1 & prolong$ z f> aga91 ends j ea/ ( ! s-call$ wat] j> ( ,aqu>ius1 :i* is =m$ by a gr\p ( f\r />s 9 ! =m ( a ,y1 z indicat$ 9 ! diagram4 ,! ,arabians call$ ^! f\r />s a t5t4 ,! j> is repres5t$ z inv]t$1 all[+ a /ream ( wat] repres5t$ by dim />s 9 pairs & gr\ps ( ?ree />s1 to desc5d1 end+ 9 ! bright /> ,fomalhaut1 ! m\? ( ! ,s\!rn ,fi%4 ,a r\gh map ( ,s\? ,am]ica c be trac$ 9 ! />s ?1 l1 t1 d1 #hh1 i4 ,a rude dipp] c be made out 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! con/ellation1 =m$ ( ! />s a1 b1 n1 e4 ,! />s t & z are d\bles4 ,( ! =m] pair1 "o is :ite1 ! o!r orange 9 color4 ,fomalhaut 0 ! object ( sunrise wor%ip 9 ! temple ( ,demet] at ,eleusis 9 #ejj ,b4,c4 ,! anci5ts call$ ?is region ( ! sky ! ,sea4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( d1 ,may] obs]v$ 9 #agef :at he t]m$ a fix$ />4 ,h]s*el ?\ght x a comet4 ,x prov$ to be ! planet ,uranus4 z is almo/ exactly on ! cele/ial equator4 l is a r$ />1 ! mo/ prom95t ( ! fir/ />s 9 ! /ream4 ,! />s 9 ,piscis ,au/ralis c be trac$ out ) an op]a-glass4 ,fomalhaut & ,capella1 9 ,auriga1 rise almo/ exactly at ! same m9ute4 ,fomalhaut is "o ( ! f\r royal />s ( a/rology4 ,! o!rs are ,regulus1 ,ant>es1 & ,aldeb>an4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aqu>ius ,,capricornus 7kap-ri-kor'-nus7--,,! ,,sea ,,goat4 7,face ,s\?we/47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f a ,pegasi ?r\gh z & ? 9 ! same con/ellation1 & project$ ab\t #be;deg1 /rikes a & b 9 ,capricornus4 ,?is con/ellation conta9s ?ree pr9cipal />s--a & b m5tion$ above1 & d ab\t #bj;deg ea/ ( !m4 ,! wat] j> ( ,aqu>ius is ab\t ! same di/ance nor!a/ ( d ,capricorni t ,fomalhaut1 9 ! ,s\!rn ,fi%1 is s\!a/ ( x4 a has a companion :i* c be se5 by ! nak$ eye4 ,x is a f9e sight 9 an op]a-glass4 ,^! two />s are gradually sep>at+4 b is a d\ble />1 "o be+ blue1 ! o!r yell[4 ,! con/ellation resembles a *apeau1 or peak$ hat1 upside d[n4 ,! />s 9 ! head ( ! ,sea ,goat1 a & b are only #b;deg ap>t1 & c h>dly be mi/ak5 by an obs]v] fac+ ! s\?we/]n sky dur+ ! e>ly ev5+ 9 autumn4 ,five degrees ea/ ( d is ! po9t ann\nc$ by ,le ,v]ri] z ! position ( 8 pr$ict$ new planet1 ,neptune4 ,flamm>ion claims t ! ,*9ese a/ronom]s not$ ! five planets 9 conjunction 9 ,capricornus1 9 ! ye> #bddi ,b4,c4 ,! sign ( ! ,goat 0 call$ by ! anci5t ,ori5tali/s ,! ,s\!rn ,gate ( ! ,sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,capricornus ,,aries 7a'-ri-ez7--,,! ,,ram4 7,face ,s\!a/47 ,,location4--,! /> a 9 ,aries1 kn[n z ,hamal1 & sometimes z ,arietis1 a /> ( ! second magnitude1 is ab\t #g;deg s\? ( a ,trianguli4 ,a l9e drawn f ! ,pole ,/> to g ,&rom$ae1 & prolong$ ab\t #bj;deg1 ends at ,hamal4 ,aries conta9s ?ree pr9cipal />s1 =m+ a *>act]i/ic obtuse-angl$ triangle4 ,! /> g ,arietis 0 "o ( ! fir/ d\ble />s discov]$4 ,a telescope is requir$ to split x4 ,hamal lies ne> ! pa? ( ! moon1 & is "o ( ! />s f :i* longitude is reckon$4 ,bel[ ,aries may be se5 ! *>act]i/ic p5tagon 9 ! head ( ,cetus1 ! ,:ale4 ,m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ago ,aries 0 ! lead+ con/ellation ( ! zodiac1 & n[ /&s fir/ 9 ! li/ ( zodiacal signs4 ,! ,arabians knew ?is con/ellation z ,al ,hamal1 ! %eep4 b & g are "o in/ance out ( _m :]e />s ( m ?an ord9>y brightness are se5 toge!r 9 pairs1 ! brighte/ /> be+ g5]ally on ! ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aries ,,cetus 7se'-tus7--,,! ,,:ale4 7,face ,s\!a/47 ,,location4--,a l9e drawn f ,pol>is1 to d ,cassiopeiae1 & prolong$ two & "o ?ird times its orig9al l5g?1 rea*es ! c5tre ( ?is con/ellation4 ,x lies j bel[ ,aries & ! ,triangle1 & resembles ! figure ( ! prehi/oric ic?yosaurus1 :ile "s see 9 ! outl9e an easy *air4 ,! head ( ! bea/ is *>act]iz$ by a cle>ly trac$ p5tagon1 ab\t #bj;deg s\!a/ ( ,aries4 ,! brighte/ /> 9 ! con/ellation is a ( ! second magnitude4 ,x is at "o apex ( ! p5tagon1 ab\t #ae;deg ea/ ( ,al ,ris*a 9 ,pisces1 & #cg;deg directly s\? ( ,algol4 ,! not$ v>iable ,mira also kn[n z o ,ceti is ! *ief object ( int]e/ 9 ?is con/ellation4 ,x 0 discov]$ by ,fabricius 9 #aeif & v>ies f ! n9? magnitude to ! ?ird or f\r? 9 a p]iod ( #ccd days4 ,x c be obs]v$ dur+ its entire range ) a #c glass4 ,9 #aggi ,mira is report$ to h be5 z bright z ! fir/-magnitude /> ,aldeb>an4 ,x lies almo/ exactly on a l9e jo9+ g & z ,ceti a little ne>] ! =m]4 ,t5 degrees s\? ( x are f\r fa9t />s ab\t #c;deg ap>t =m+ a squ>e4 t ,ceti is "o ( our ne>e/ neighbors at a di/ance ( n9e light ye>s4 z is a nak$-eye d\ble />4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cetus ,,musca 7mus'-k3a7--,,! ,,fly4 7,face ,s\!a/47 ,,location4--,musca lies betwe5 ,triangulum & ,aries1 ! diagram cle>ly def9+ its position4 ,! f\r />s compos+ x =m a gr\p %ap$ l ! lett] ,y4 ,!re is no?+ ( p>ticul> int]e/ to be not$ 9 ?is a/]ism4 ,x does n appe> on mod]n /> *>ts & is consid]$ obsolete4 ,s great is ! di/ance t sep>ates u f ! />s t z = ! great majority _h !y be5 blott$ out ( exi/5ce be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 we ( to-day %\ld /ill receive _! light & seem to see !m j z we d4 ,:5 we scan ! nocturnal skies we /udy anci5t hi/ory4 ,we d n see ! />s z !y are b z !y 7 c5turies on c5turies ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,,musca ,,meteoric ,,%[]s4 ,,octob] ,,to ,,janu>y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,o!r ,dates ,"n ( ,%[] ,date ,radiant ,po9t ,*>act]i/ics ( ,location ,obs]vation ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,betwe5 ,great ,ursids ,oct4 #d ,be>'s head & ,sw4 ,sk4 ,aug4 #bj-bd ,n4 ,pol>is ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,epsilon ,arietids ,ea/ ( ,hamal1 ,oct4 #aa-bd1 ,ri* %[] ,oct4 #ad ne> ,musca ,m4 ,sw4 ,oct4 #cj- ,e4 #ahgg ,nov4 #d ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,orionids ,oct4 #ah ,ne> ,alh5a 9 ,aft] #aa ,p4,m4 ,oct4 #af-bb ,e4 ,f9e %[] ,gem9i ,sw4 ,sk4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,ne> ,ca/or & ,aft] #aj ,p4,m4 ,nov4 #g1 ,delta ,gem9ids ,oct4 #bi ,pollux v4 ,sw4 ,sk4 ,dec4 #d1 ,n4,e4 ,oct4 #af-bb ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- 7e7 ,taurids4 ,ri*,nov4 #b ,ab\t #ac;deg ,sl4 ,b4,t4 ,nov4 #b-c ,e4 %[] 9 #ahhf ,s4,e4 ( ,aldeb>an ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,leonids ,ne> 7g7 ,leonis,aft] midnight4 ,brilliant %[] ,nov4 #ac ,9 ! ,sickle v4 ,sw4 ,nov4 #ab-ad ,n4,e4 ,sk4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,ne> 7m7 ,ursae ,aft] #aj ,p4,m4 ,sept4 #ae1 ,leo ,m9orids ,nov4 #af ,maj41 ! ,great v4 ,sw4 ,sk4 ,oct4 #af ,n4 ,be>'s h9d feet ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,&rom$ids4 ,ne> 7g7 ,nov4 #ag-bc ,! ,bielids4 ,nov4 #bg ,&rom$ae ,sl4 ,t4 ,nov4 #ba-bh ,ov]head ,f9e display ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,nov4 #cj;,betwe5 ,capella ,aug4 #af ,taurids & 7a7 ,p]sei ,v4 ,sw4 ,sept4 #ae1 ,ov]head ,nov4 #bj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,zeta ,taurids4 ,dec4 #f ,ne> ! horns ,active %[] ( ! ,bull ,sl4 ,b4 ,e4 9 #ahgf ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,gem9ids4 ,dec4 #aj ,ne> ,ca/or ,sw4 ,dec4 #a-ad ,e4 ,f9e %[] ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,kappa ,draconids ,dec4 #bb ,ne> ,?uban ,sw4 ,sk4 ,nov4 #ad-bc 7a7 ,draconis ,dec4 #ah-bi ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,fire ,ball ,dates ,nov4 #bi ,dec4 #b1 #ai1 #ba ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,! ,&rom$es are usually r$1 sluggi% 9 _! movem5ts1 & leave only a small tra94 ,brilliant displays 7 se5 9 #ahgb & #ahhe4 ,! ,leonids are *>act]iz$ by _! exce$+ly swift flight4 ,!y are ( a gre5i% or blui% t9t & leave beh9d !m a vivid & p]si/5t tra94 ,9 mo/ ye>s ! display is n especially notewor?y4 ,once 9 ?irty-?ree ye>s !y af=d an exhibition gr& beyond description z 9 #ahcc & #ahff4 ,,! ,,con/ellations ,,( ,,w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,map %[+ ! pr9cipal />s visible f ,lat4 #dj;deg ,n4 at #i o'clock1 ,janu>y fir/4 ,,taurus 7ta'-rus7--,,! ,,bull4 7,face ,s\?we/47 ,,location4--,taurus conta9s ! well-kn[n & unmi/akable gr\p ! ,pleiades1 on ! "r %\ld] ( ! ,bull4 ,a ,v %ap$ gr\p kn[n z ! ,hyades is j to ! s\!a/ ( ! ,pleiades1 9 ! face ( ! ,bull1 =m+ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful objects 9 ! sky4 ,! brighte/ /> 9 ,taurus is ,aldeb>an1 a ruddy-hu$ /> kn[n z ,! ,foll[]4 ,x is at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,v 9 ! ,hyades1 & is at ! apex ( a triangle =m$ by ,capella1 9 ,auriga1 & a ,p]sei1 & equally di/ant f !m bo?4 ,! /> b call$ ,na?1 is peculi>ly :ite1 & is common to ,taurus & ,auriga4 ,x repres5ts ! tip ( "o ( ! ,bull's horns1 & ! "r foot ( ! ,*>iote]4 ,! ,pleiades are m5tion$ 9 ,*9ese annals 9 #bceg ,b4,c4 ,on a photograph ( ! gr\p ov] #bjjj />s h be5 c\nt$4 ,! ecliptic passes a little s\? ( a po9t midway betwe5 ! two horns1 :]e a scatt]$ & brok5 /ream ( m9ute />s c be se54 ,note two pretty pairs 9 ! ,hyades1 "o s\? ( ,aldeb>an1 ! o!r nor?we/ ( x4 ,!re are ri* clu/]s bel[ ! tip ( ! horn ov] ,orion's head4 ,taurus 0 an important object ( wor%ip by ! ,druids4 ,aldeb>an is ne> "o eye ( ! ,bull1 & us$ to be call$ ,! ,bull's ,eye4 ,an occultation ( x by ! moon1 :i* n infrequ5tly occurs1 is a /rik+ ph5om5on4 ,! ,eskimos reg>d ! ,pleiades z a team ( dogs 9 pursuit ( a be>4 ,! gr\p is rec$+ f u at ! rate ( ?irte5 miles a second & has a common ea/w>d motion ( ab\t t5 seconds a c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,taurus ,,orion 77o-ri'-on7--,,! ,,giant ,,hunt]4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,orion is consid]$ ! f9e/ con/ellation 9 ! heav5s4 ,a l9e drawn f ,na? to z ,tauri 7! tips ( ! ,bull's horns71 & ext5d$ #ae;deg1 /rikes ! brilliant ,betelgeuze 9 ,orion1 kn[n z ! m>tial />4 ,x =ms ! nor!a/ corn] ( a conspicu\s p>allelogram4 ,! spl5did fir/-magnitude /> ,rigel is diagonally opposite ,betelgeuze1 & ! girdle & sword ( ! ,hunt] lie )9 ! p>allelogram1 a v /rik+ gr\p4 ,! =m] is repres5t$ by ?ree bright />s 9 a l9e #c;deg long kn[n z ! ,?ree ,/>s1 because !re are no o!r />s 9 ! heav5s t exactly resemble !m 9 position & brightness4 ,9 ! sword !re is ! mo/ rem>kable nebula 9 ! heav5s4 ,x may be se5 ) an op]a-glass & 9 a telescope x is a wond]ful sight4 ,bellatrix is call$ ! ,amazon />4 ,note ! contra/+ col\rs ( a & b4 ,ab\t #i;deg we/ ( ,bellatrix are eight />s 9 a curv$ l9e runn+ nor? & s\?4 ,^! po9t out ! ,lion's sk9 held 9 ! ,hunt]'s left h&4 ,bel[ l !re are two />s =m+ a triangle ) x4 ,flamm>ion calls ?is region ! ,cali=nia ( ! sky4 ,! cele/ial equator passes ne>ly ?r\gh d4 ,orion 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ,*9a dur+ ! "o ?\s& ye>s be=e our era1 & 0 kn[n to ! ,*9ese z ! ,:ite ,tig]4 ,! ,eskimos see 9 ! ,belt />s ! ?ree /eps cut by "s cele/ial ,eskimo 9 a /eep sn[ bank to enable him to rea* ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,orion ,,lepus 7le'-pus7--,,! ,,h>e4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,lepus cr\*es "u ,orion's feet4 ,f\r />s 9 ! con/ellation =m an irregul> & conspicu\s quadrilat]al4 g is a beautiful d\ble ( a gre5i% hue4 ,f\r or five degrees s\? ( ,rigel are f\r fa9t />s :i* are 9 ! e> ( ! h>e4 ,!y c be se5 on a cle> night ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! curv$ l9e ( ?ree />s ?1 e1 & z1 are 9 ! back ( ! h>e4 ,lepus is ab\t #ah;deg we/ ( ,canis ,major1 &1 by reason ( ! e>?'s motion1 ! ,great ,dog seems to be pursu+ ! ,h>e ar\nd ! heav5s4 ,! fir/-magnitude />s t are visible 9 ! w9t] season 9 ?is latitude pres5t a f9e contra/ 9 color4 ,ev5 ! untra9$ eye c see a decid$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! blui% :ite color ( ! brilliant ,sirius1 ! ,dog /> t ! ,belt />s po9t s\? to1 & ,rigel1 & ! ruddy ,betelgeuze4 ,procyon has a yell[i% t+e & resembles ! condition ( our sun1 :ile ,betelgeuze is surr\nd$ by heavy metallic vapors & is ?\ght to be approa*+ ext9ction4 ,r m>ks ! location ( ,h9d's crimson />1 a fam\s v>iable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lepus ,,columba ,,noa*i 7co-lum'-b3a no-3a'-ki7--,,noah',s ,,dove4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,columba is situat$ j s\? ( ,lepus4 ,a l9e drawn f ,rigel1 9 ,orion1 to b ,leporis1 & prolong$ z f> aga91 ends ne> a & b1 ! two brighte/ />s 9 ,columba4 ,a l9e drawn f ! ea/]nmo/ /> 9 ! belt ( ,orion1 #cb;deg directly s\?1 w po9t out ,phaet1 9 ,columba4 ,x makes ) ,sirius1 9 ,canis ,major1 & ,naos1 9 ! ,%ip1 a l>ge equilat]al triangle4 ,! /> b ,columbae may be kn[n by means ( a small] /> j ea/ ( x1 m>k$ g4 ,! ,*9ese call a ,*ang ,j91 ! old ,folks4 ,locky] ?9ks x 0 ( importance 9 ,egyptian temple wor%ip1 & obs]v$ f ,edfu & ,philae z f> back z #fdjj ,b4,c4 ,on a cle> />light night !re are n m ?an a ?\s& />s visible to ! nak$ eye at "o "t4 ,! l>ge/ telescope reveals ne>ly a hundr$ million4 ,illu/ration3 ,,columba ,,canis ,,major 7ka'-nis ma-jor7--,,! ,,great] ,,dog4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,! ?ree />s 9 ,orion's girdle po9t s\!a/ to ,sirius1 ! dog />1 9 ,canis ,major1 ! mo/ brilliant /> 9 ! heav5s4 ,x 0 connect$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,egyptians ) ! ris+ ( ! ,nile1 & is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( tw5ty miles a second4 ,! /> n is a triple4 ,! clu/] 7#da ,m47 c be se5 ) an op]a-glass1 j bel[ x4 ,betwe5 d & o#a note a rem>kable array ( m9ute />s1 also ! v r$ /> #bb4 d & z are d\bles = an op]a-glass4 ,bel[ e !re is a f9e gr\p4 ,betelgeuze1 9 ,orion1 ,procyon1 9 ,canis ,m9or1 & ,sirius =m a ne>ly equilat]al triangle4 ,^! />s ) ,naos1 9 ! ,%ip1 & ,phaet1 9 ! ,dove1 =m a huge figure kn[n z ! ,egyptian ,x4 ,f e>lie/ times ,sirius has be5 kn[n z ! ,dog ( ,orion4 ,x is #cbd times bright] ?an ! av]age six?-magnitude />1 & is ! ne>e/ to ! e>? ( all ! />s 9 ?is latitude1 its di/ance be+ #h4g light ye>s4 ,at ?is di/ance ! ,sun w\ld appe> z a /> a little bright] ?an ! ,pole ,/>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,canis ,,major ,,argo ,,navis 73ar'-g na'-vis7--,,! ,,%ip ,,argo4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,argo is situat$ s\!a/ ( ,canis ,major4 ,if a l9e jo9+ ,betelgeuze & ,sirius be prolong$ #ah;deg s\!a/1 x w po9t out ,naos1 a /> ( ! second magnitude 9 ! r[lock ( ! ,%ip4 ,?is /> is 9 ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! ,egyptian ,x4 ,! /> p is ( a deep yell[ or orange hue4 ,x has ?ree little />s above x1 two ( :i* =m a pretty pair4 ,! /> z has a companion1 :i* is a te/ = an op]a-glass4 ,! /> k is a d\ble = an op]a-glass4 ,note ! f9e /> clu/] 7#df ,m474 ,! /> ,m>keb =ms a small triangle ) two o!r />s ne> x4 ,! ,egyptians believ$ t ?is 0 ! ark t bore ,osiris & ,isis ov] ! ,deluge4 ,! con/ellation conta9s two not$ objects invisible 9 ?is latitude1 ,canopus1 ! second brighte/ />1 & ! rem>kable v>iable /> e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,puppis ,,monoc]os 7mo-nos'-e-ros7--,,! ,,unicorn4 7,face ,s\?47 ,,location4--,monoc]os is to be f\nd ea/ ( ,orion betwe5 ,canis ,major & ,canis ,m9or4 ,?ree ( its />s ( ! f\r? magnitude =m a /raight l9e nor!a/ & s\?we/1 ab\t #i;deg ea/ ( ,betelgeuze1 & ab\t ! same di/ance s\? ( ,alh5a1 9 ,gem9i4 ,! region ar\nd ! />s #h1 #ac1 #ag is p>ticul>ly ri* :5 view$ ) an op]a-glass4 ,note also a beautiful field ab\t ! v>iable ,s1 & a clu/] ab\t midway betwe5 a & b4 ,two />s ab\t #g;deg ap>t 9 ! tail ( ! ,unicorn are po9t] />s to ,procyon4 ,^! />s are kn[n z #cj & #ca4 ,! =m] is ab\t #af;deg ea/ ( ,procyon1 & is easily id5tifi$ z x has a six?-magnitude /> on ei!r side ( x4 ,ab\t #d;deg s\?we/ ( ?is /> a good field-glass w reveal a beautiful /> clu/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,monoc]os ,,eridanus 7e-rid'-a-nus7--,,or ,,! ,,riv] ,,po4 7,face ,s\?we/47 ,,location4--,?ree degrees nor? & #b;deg we/ ( ,rigel1 9 ,orion1 lies b ,eridani1 ! s\rce ( ! ,riv]4 ,!nce x fl[s we/ till x rea*es p ,ceti1 !n drops s\? #e;deg1 !nce ea/ s\!a/1 its total l5g? be+ ab\t #acj;deg4 ,! great curve ! ,riv] takes1 j ea/ ( ! ,:ale1 resembles a horse%oe4 ,a*]na1 ! fir/-magnitude /> 9 ,eridanus1 is too f> s\? to be se5 9 ?is latitude4 ,note ! pretty /> gr\p ar\nd b & a pair ( />s ( an orange hue bel[ n4 ,! a/]ism kn[n z ,! ,br&5burg ,sceptre1 consi/+ ( f\r />s ( ! f\r? & fif? magnitudes1 c be se5 arrang$ 9 a /raight l9e nor? & s\? bel[ ! fir/ b5d 9 ! ,riv] j we/ ( ,lepus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eridanus ,,meteoric ,,%[]s4 ,,janu>y ,,to ,,april4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,o!r ,dates ,"n ( ,%[] ,date ,radiant ,po9t ,*>act]i/ics ( ,location ,obs]vation ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,quadrantids4 ,jan4 #b 7#dd7 ,bo3otis1 ,ri* annual betwe5 ,bo3otes ,m4 ,sw4 ,b4 ,jan #c4 ,e4 %[] & ,dragon's head ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,zeta ,cancrids ,jan4 #b-d 7z7 ,cancri1 ,e4 ne> ,bee ,hive ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,!ta ,ursids ,jan4 #e ,ab\t #aj;deg f ,small b away f g ,%4 ,sw4 ,f4 ,jan4 #b-h ,n4 ,ursae ,maj4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,alpha ,draconids ,feb4 #a ,ne> ,?uban ,sl4 ,jan4 #i ,n4 a ,draconis ,dec4 #h ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,ne> ,capella ,aug4 #ba ,high 9 ,alpha ,aurigids ,feb4 #g a ,aurigae ,sl4 ,sept4 #ab-bb ,s\!rn ,sky ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,tau ,leonids ,feb4 #af t ,leonis1 ,nov4 #bg betwe5 ,leo ,sl4 ,sk4 ,dec4 #ab ,e4 & ,crat] ,m>4 #a-d ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,alpha ,canum ,feb4 #bj ,ne> ,cor ,c>oli ,v54 ,well & ,coma ,v4 ,sw4 ,b4 ,e4 def9$ #ahgg ,b]5ices ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- a-b ,m>4 #a ,betwe5 a ,v4 ,sl4 ,july--,dec4 ,n4,w4 ,p]seids & b ,p]sei ,m>4 #ac-ai ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,beta ,leonids or,m>4 #ad ,ne> ,d5ebola ,sl4 ,b4 ,m>4 #c1 #d ,s4,e4 ,beta ,virg9ids b ,leonis ,dec4 #ab ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,kappa ,cepheids ,m>4 #ah ,ne> ,pol>is ,sl4 ,b4 ,oct4 #d-ag ,n4 ,m>4 #ac-ai ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,apr4 #aj-af ,beta ,ursids ,m>4 #bd ,ne> b ,sw4 ,m>4 #ac-ad ,n4 ,ursae ,maj4 ,dec4 #b-i ,precise ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,zeta ,draconids ,m>4 #bh ,ne> ! ,sl4 ,july #bi ,n4 ,dragon's ,head ,aug4 #bd1 etc4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,! ,abbreviations "u ,*>act]i/ics are z foll[s3 ,v4 ,v ,%4 ,%ort ,m4 ,mod]ately ,b4 ,bright ,sw4 ,swift ,f4 ,fa9t ,sl4 ,sl[ ,sk4 ,/reak leav+ meteors ,t4 ,tra9 leav+ meteors ,if y "k ! con/ellations1 & memorize ! foll[+ rhyme y w h ev] at h& = ref]5ce at night1 a reliable "t-piece1 a compass1 & a p]petual cal5d>4 ,! numb]s above ! /> names indicate consecutively ! mon?s ( ! ye> 9 :i* ^! respective objects rise ab\t ! fir/ in/ant 9 ! ea/]n sky4 ,9 addition to fir/-magnitude />s ! rhyme ref]s to ! head ( ,capricornus1 ! ,sea ,goat1 ! ,great ,squ>e ( ,pegasus1 & ,orion's ,belt4 ,all except ,arcturus rise betwe5 #i & #i4cj ,p4,m4 ,arcturus rises at #aj ,p4,m41 ,febru>y #a/4 #a ,fir/ ,regulus gleams on ! view1 #b #c #d ,arcturus1 ,spica1 ,vega1 blue1 #e #f ,ant>es1 & ,altair1 #g #h #i ,! ,goat's head1 ,squ>e1 & ,fomalhaut1 #aj #aa ,aldeb>an1 ! ,belt1 a-gl[1 #ab ,!n ,sirius mo/ fair4 ,eight mon?s ( ! ye> are id5tifi$ by ! position ( ! ,dipp] at #i ,p4,m4 ,9 ,april & ,may x is nor? ( ! z5i?4 ,dur+ ,july & ,augu/ x is we/ ( nor?4 ,9 ,octob] & ,novemb] x lies close to ! nor!rn horizon & 9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y x is ea/ ( nor? ) ! po9t]s highe/4 ,,! ,,planets4 ,x is n )9 ! scope ( ?is "w to dwell at l5g? on a discussion ( ! planets4 ,c]ta9 explanatory matt] reg>d+ !m is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to prev5t confusion2 = ! /ud5t mu/ be> 9 m9d ! fact t f "t to "t ! planets appe> 9 ! con/ellations1 & unless id5tifi$ w\ld lead him to ?9k t ! diagrams 7 inaccurate4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to any "o ( ! f\r l>ge plates t prec$e ea* season4 ,he w obs]ve t a portion ( an ellipse has be5 trac$ on ea* ( !m1 & t ?is l9e has be5 designat$ ! ,ecliptic1 :i* simply means ! sun's app>5t pa?way across ! sky4 ,?is pa?way is divid$ into twelve equal p>ts ( ?irty degrees ea*1 & to ^! twelve divisions are giv5 ! names ( ! con/ellations ( ! ,zodiac 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,aries 7,symbol3 ,aries71 ,taurus 7,symbol3 ,taurus71 ,gem9i 7,symbol3 ,gem9i71 ,canc] 7,symbol3 ,canc]71 ,leo 7,symbol3 ,leo71 ,virgo 7,symbol3 ,virgo71 ,libra 7,symbol3 ,libra71 ,scorpio 7,symbol3 ,scorpio71 ,sagitt>ius 7,symbol3 ,sagitt>ius71 ,capricornus 7,symbol3 ,capricornus71 ,aqu>ius 7,symbol3 ,aqu>ius71 ,pisces 7,symbol3 ,pisces74 ,! sun1 />t+ f ! fir/ degree ( ,aries1 ! fir/ day ( spr+1 passes ?r\gh "o con/ellation a mon?4 ,! planets foll[ ! same pa?way4 ,confusion1 !re=e1 respect+ _! id5tity c only arise 9 connection ) a /udy ( "o ( ! twelve con/ellations nam$ above1 s t :5ev] a /> ( any size is se5 9 "o ( ^! con/ellations1 n acc\nt$ = 9 ! diagram1 ! /ud5t may conclude t ?is is a planet2 especially if ! unkn[n /> does n tw9kle4 ,x n[ rema9s to id5tify ! planet4 ,?is c be/ be done by ref]r+ to an almanac1 :i* /ates :at planets are above ! horizon1 & :i* are morn+ & ev5+ />s4 ,by morn+ /> is meant t ! planet is ea/ ( ! sun2 by ev5+ />1 t x is we/ ( ! sun4 ,if ! planet is 9 ! we/1 & v brilliant1 x is safe to assume t x is ! planet ,v5us4 ,if x is bright] ?an any ( ! fix$ />s1 & is "s di/ance f ! sun1 x is d\btless ! colossal ,jupit]4 ,if x is v r$1 x w probably be ,m>s4 ,saturn is di/+ui%$ because ( its pale1 /eady1 yell[ light4 ,z = ,m]cury1 ,uranus1 & ,neptune1 ! =m] is v ne> ! sun1 & seldom se52 :ile ,uranus & ,neptune are s inconspicu\s z to lead to no confusion on ! "p ( ! novice4 ,a few notes ( int]e/ relative to ! planets foll[1 tak+ !m up 9 regul> ord] pass+ outw>d f ! sun3 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,uranus1 ,neptune4 ,,m]cury4 ,m]cury is ! ne>e/ to ! sun ( any ( ! planets4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 & because ( its rapid *anges1 x is seldom se54 ,! mo/ favorable "t = obs]v+ x is j aft] sunset1 or j be=e sunrise1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,m>*1 ,april1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]1 :5 x may be se5 = a few successive days4 ,! greate/ di/ance x ev] dep>ts f ! sun on ei!r side v>ies approximately f sixte5 to tw5ty-eight degrees4 ,its motion resembles a p5dulum1 sw++ f "o side ( ! sun to ! o!r4 ,,v5us4 ,v5us approa*es ne>] to ! e>? & is m brilliant ?an any o!r planet4 ,x is bright en\gh to ca/ a %ad[ at night1 & is sometimes visible ev5 at noonday4 ,x is almo/ z l>ge z ! e>?1 & appe>s to oscillate1 z ,m]cury does1 on ei!r side ( ! sun4 ,x nev] appe>s m ?an ?ree h\rs aft] sunset1 & z long be=e ! sunrise1 & is nev] m ?an =ty-eight degrees f ! sun4 ,,m>s4 ,m>s is mo/ l ! e>? ( any ( ! planets1 &1 al?\gh n z int]e/+ an object to view z ! m brilliant planets1 ,v5us & ,jupit]1 x claims our att5tion *iefly because ( ! surmises respect+ its habitability4 ,m>s appe>s to ! nak$ eye z a bright r$ />1 & :5 at a favorable opposition to ! e>? 7:i* occurs only once 9 e fifte5 ye>s7 x rivals ,jupit] 9 spl5dor4 ,! planet may be mi/ak5 = ! fir/ magnitude />s1 ,ant>es 9 ,scorpius1 & ,aldeb>an 9 ,taurus1 ne> :i* x frequ5tly passes4 ,! fix$ />s1 h[ev]1 tw9kle1 :ile ,m>s gl[s /eadily4 ,if !re is any d\bt 9 ! /ud5t's m9d z to ! id5tity ( ! planet1 a few nights ( obs]vation1 not+ ! *anges 9 ! planet's position1 w decide ! po9t4 ,x takes ,m>s ab\t fifty-sev5 days to pass ?r\gh "o con/ellation 9 ! ,zodiac4 ,,jupit]4 ,jupit] is ! l>ge/ ( all ! planets 9 ! sol> sy/em1 & x is easily di/+ui%$ f ! fix$ />s because ( its brilliancy & spl5dor1 exce$+ 9 brightness all ! planets except+ ,v5us1 & ca/+ a p]ceptible %ad[4 ,x moves sl[ly & maje/ically across ! sky1 advanc+ ?r\gh ! ,zodiac at ! rate ( "o con/ellation ye>ly4 ,x is !re=e a simple matt] to =eca/ its position1 =1 9 :atev] con/ellation x is se5 to-day1 "o ye> h5ce x w be se5 equally advanc$ 9 ! next con/ellation4 ,al?\gh ,jupit] appe>s to move sl[ly1 x really travels at ! incompreh5sible rate ( five hundr$ miles a m9ute4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ feature ab\t ,jupit] = ! amateur a/ronom] consi/s 9 obs]v+ f\r ( its moons1 :i* are visible ) a small telescope4 ,!y appe> l m]e dots ( light1 & _! transit ( or occultation ) ! planet 7t is1 _! disappe>ance be=e or beh9d its disk7 c be wat*$1 & is a nev] fail+ s\rce ( pleasure4 ,a l>ge telescope alone reveals ,jupit]'s f\r o!r moons4 ,,saturn4 ,saturn is f>!r remov$ f ! e>? ?an any ( ! planets 9 ! sol> sy/em1 visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! fix$ />s by ! /ead9ess ( its light1 :i* is dull & ( a yell[ hue1 ?\gh to "s x appe>s to be ( a gre5i% t+e4 ,x seems b>ely to move1 s sl[ is its motion among ! />s1 = x takes two & "o half ye>s to pass ?r\gh a s+le con/ellation ( ! ,zodiac4 ,saturn has eight moons4 ,titan1 its l>ge/ "o1 c be se5 ) a #c glass4 ,its celebrat$ r+s are telescopic objects b a small glass reveals !m4 ,,uranus4 ,! /ud5t w h>dly mi/ake ,uranus = a fix$ />1 z x is only "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances t x c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,at its ne>e/ approa* to ! e>?1 x is z bright z a six?-magnitude />4 ,uranus is accompani$ by f\r moons1 & takes sev5 ye>s to pass ?r\gh a con/ellation ( ! ,zodiac4 ,,neptune4 ,neptune is ! mo/ di/ant ( ! planets 9 ! sol> sy/em1 & is nev] visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,! e>? comes prop]ly "u a discussion ( ! planets1 b a description ( x is h>dly )9 ! scope ( ?is "w4 ,confusion 9 id5tify+ ! planets is really conf9$ to ,m>s & ,saturn1 = ,v5us & ,jupit] are mu* bright] ?an any ( ! fix$ />s1 & _! position 9 ! heav5s id5tifies !m1 z we h se5 be=e4 ,! foll[+ table ( fir/-magnitude />s 9 ! ,zodiacal con/ellations conf9es ! "q ( id5tify+ ! planets to a comp>ison ( ! unkn[n /> ) ! foll[+-nam$ />s3 ,ca/or & ,pollux 9 ,gem9i4 ,spica ,virgo4 ,regulus ,leo4 ,aldeb>an ,taurus4 ,ant>es ,scorpius4 ,! fir/ f\r />s nam$ above are :ite 9 color1 s t ei!r ,m>s or ,saturn is readily di/+ui%$ f !m4 ,z = ,aldeb>an & ,ant>es1 :i* are bo? r$ />s1 n unlike ,m>s & ,saturn 9 color & magnitude1 ! fact t ! latt] d n tw9kle1 & t !y d n appe> 9 ! diagrams1 %\ld satisfy ! obs]v] ( _! id5tity4 ,ref]5ce to an almanac1 or a few nights ( obs]vation1 w 9 any case set at re/ any d\bt 9 ! matt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,planet>y ,,orbits ,illu/ration3 ,,comp>ative ,,size ,,( ,,! ,,planets4 ,,! ,,milky ,,way4 ,! ,milky ,way1 or ,galaxy z x is sometimes call$1 is a great b& ( light t /ret*es across ! heav5s4 ,c]ta9 portions ( x are wor?y ( be+ view$ ) an op]a-glass1 :i* sep>ates ?is seem+ly confus$ & hazy /ream into numb]less po9ts ( light1 emanat+ f myriads ( suns4 ,?is wond]ful feature ( ! heav5s is se5 to be/ advantage dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & ,octob]4 ,beg9n+ ne> ! head ( ,cepheus1 ab\t ?irty degrees f ! ,nor? ,pole1 x passes ?r\gh ,cassiopeia1 ,p]seus1 ,auriga1 "p ( ,orion1 & ! feet ( ,gem9i1 :]e x crosses ! ,ecliptic1 & !nce cont9ues into ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 beyond our k5 9 ^! latitudes4 ,x reappe>s 9 two bran*es 9 ! region ( ,ophiu*us1 "o runn+ ?r\gh ! tail ( ,scorpius1 ! b[ ( ,sagitt>ius1 ,aquila1 ,delph9us1 & ,cygnus2 ! o!r above & almo/ p>allel to x1 unit+ ) ! fir/ bran* 9 ,cygnus1 & pass+ to ,cepheus1 ! place ( beg9n+4 ,! /ud5t %\ld note especially ! /range gap betwe5 a1 g1 & e ,cygni4 ,?is d>k space has be5 call$ ! ,coal ,sack4 ,! ,milky ,way 9 ! vic9ity ( ,cassiopeia is p>ticul>ly ri*1 & well repays a se>* ) an op]a-glass4 ,! ,galaxy cov]s m ?an "o t5? ( ! visible heav5s1 conta9s n9e-t5?s ( ! visible />s1 & seems a va/ zone-%ap$ nebula1 ne>ly a great circle ( ! sph]e1 ! poles be+ at ,coma & ,cetus4 ,,! ,,motions ,,( ,,! ,,/>s4 ,x may be t ! /ud5t desires to proce$ 9 ?is conque/ ( ! sky at a m rapid pace ?an ! s*eme ( /udy p]mits4 ,to assi/ su*1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! circumpol> con/ellations1 z ,ursa ,major1 ,ursa ,m9or1 ,draco1 ,cepheus1 & ,cassiopeia1 are designat$1--are visible 9 our latitude 9 ! nor!rn sky e night4 ,a ref]5ce to _! diagrams1 & a glance at any ( ! l>ge plates %[+ ! entire gr\p 9 _! respective positions1 w suffice = ! /ud5t to id5tify !m4 ,! h\rs ( d>kness alone limit ! spe$ ) :i* a k ( ! con/ellations c be acquir$4 ,let u suppose t ! /ud5t beg9s 8 se>* = ! con/ellations on ! night ( ,april #a/1 at n9e ,p4,m4 ,he has = 8 guide ! l>ge plate1 & ! spr+ gr\p ( elev5 con/ellations set =? 9 ! diagrams4 ,! rema9+ ?ree con/ellations ( ! circumpol> gr\p are1 z we h se5 be=e1 visible 9 ! nor?4 ,if he faces ! we/]n sky1 he w see ,&rom$a j sett+1 & ,p]seus1 ,taurus1 ,orion1 ,lepus1 & ,canis ,major b a %ort di/ance above ! horizon4 ,if he is s =tunate z to be able to id5tify ^!1 & ! spr+ gr\p1 he may turn 8 att5tion :olly to ! ea/]n sky1 :]e new con/ellations await him4 ,9 ! s\!a/ he may see ,virgo4 ,9 ! ea/ well up blazes ,arcturus1 ! gem ( ,bo3otes1 bel[ :i* is ! beautiful ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 ) ! diamond 9 ! head ( ,s]p5s b5ea? x4 ,h]cules is ris+1 & ,vega 9 ! ,lyre %\ld be se5 j fla%+ on ! view 9 ! nor!a/4 ,?is completes ! li/ ( wond]s visible at ?is precise "t1 b ! />s app>5tly are nev] /ill1 & d\btless1 :ile ! /ud5t has be5 pass+ f "o con/ellation to ano!r 9 ! we/]n & s\!rn skies1 o!rs h be5 ris+ 9 ! ea/ & nor!a/4 ,at t5 ,p4,m4 ! ,lyre is well up1 & ,ophiu*us & ,libra c be disc]n$4 ,at midnight ,scorpius & ,cygnus are ready to claim ! att5tion4 ,by two o'clock ,a4,m41 ,aquila1 ,delph9us1 & ,sagitt>ius h ris51 & at break ( day ,&rom$a1 ,pegasus1 & ,capricornus c be se5 if ! /ud5t has _h ! c\rage to rema9 awake ?is l5g? ( "t4 ,9 no way c ! seem+ movem5t ( ! />s be bett] und]/ood ?an by actual obs]vation4 ,! obs]v] mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! movem5t is an app>5t "o3 t x is ! e>? t is mov+ & n ! />s4 ,he has only to ?9k ( ! analogy ( ! mov+ tra9 beside ! "o t is /&+ /ill1 & ! true /ate ( affairs w at once be evid5t4 ,to fur!r appreciate ?is app>5t *ange 9 ! situation ( ! con/ellations1 ! /ud5t %\ld ref] to ! l>ge plates successively4 ,9 ea* successive "o he w note ! advancem5t we/w>d ( ! con/ellations m5tion$ above1 ris+ 9 ! ea/ late at night4 ,! /ud5t c be/ get an idea ( ?is we/w>d app>5t movem5t ( ! />s by not+ ! position ( "s bright fir/-magnitude /> f night to night4 ,he w soon be able to calculate ! position ( ?is /> a mon? or m ahead1 & ?is calculation applies to all ! con/ellations & />s4 ,x is n )9 ! scope ( ?is "w to g into ?is matt] 9 detail4 ,! au?or m]ely desires to m5tion ?is fact ( app>5t *ange ( position 9 ! />s1 a fact t w be noticeable to ! obs]v] 9 a %ort "t1 & a fact t x is hop$ he w be able to expla9 to 8 own satisfaction ) ! aid ( ! =ego+ rem>ks4 ,x w be notic$ t ! />s on ! diagrams are all numb]$ & lett]$4 ,! numb]s ref] to ! magnitude ( ! />1--t is1 ! brightness ( x1 ! fir/-magnitude />s be+ ! brighte/1 ! second-magnitude />s two-&-a-half times less bright1 etc4 ,! lett]s are ^? ( ! ,greek alphabet1 & ! /ud5t if n famili> ) x is advis$ to consult a ,greek gramm>4 ,9 ! text1 9 ref]r+ to c]ta9 />s 9 ! con/ellations1 ! g5itive case ( ! ,lat9 "n ( ! con/ellation is giv52 = example1 ,vega is kn[n z a ,lyrae1 mean+ alpha ( ,lyra1 ,aldeb>an z a ,tauri1 alpha ( ,taurus1 etc4 ,! twilight h\r af=ds an excell5t opportunity ( fix+ ! relative positions ( ! fir/-magnitude />s 9 ! m9d1 = at t "t !y alone1 save ! planets1 are visible4 ,,meteors1 ,,or ,,%oot+-,,/>s4 ,z ?is "w is design$ prim>ily to cov] :at is obs]vable 9 ! />lit heav5s ) ! nak$ eye1 ! subject ( meteors1 or %oot+-/>s1 comes prop]ly )9 its scope4 ,!re are few p]sons1 if any1 :o h n witness$ ! sight ( a spl5did meteor spe$+ across ! sky1 & su* a sight always calls =? exclamations ( wond] & delight4 ,app>5tly ^! evanesc5t w&]]s 9 space are )\t di/9ctive features1 & baffle classification2 b1 l all t nature reveals to u1 !y h be5 f\nd1 = ! mo/ "p1 to con=m to c]ta9 laws1 & to be> c]ta9 m>ks ( resemblance t p]mit ( _! id5tification & classification4 ,by c>eful obs]vation = ov] fifty ye>s ! meteors1 g5]ally speak+1 h be5 s arrang$ t !y come "u ! head ( "o ( ! ne>ly ?ree hundr$ di/9ct %[]s :i* are n[ recogniz$ by a/ronom]s4 ,_m ( ^! %[]s are too feeble & fa9t to be wor?y ( ! att5tion ( "o n especially int]e/$ 9 ! subject1 b c]ta9 ones are well wor? obs]v+4 ,!re is always a pleasure 9 be+ able to recognize at a glance a c]ta9 def9ite manife/ation ( nature1 be x a r>e fl[] or a fla%+ meteor4 ,! g5]ally accept$ !ory respect+ ! meteors is t !y 7 all orig9ally p>ts ( comets n[ dis9tegrat$1 & ! f\r well-kn[n %[]s ( ,april #bj?1 ,augu/ #aj? & #ad?1 & ,novemb] #bg?1 be> te/imony to ?is !ory4 ,! app>5t velocity ( ! meteors is betwe5 t5 & =ty-five miles a second1 & _! av]age height is ab\t sev5ty-six miles at fir/ appe>ance1 & fifty-"o miles at disappe>ance4 ,occasionally a meteor is s l>ge & compact z to escape total de/ruction1 & falls to ! e>?4 ,specim5s ( ^! meteorites are to be f\nd 9 our be/ museums4 ,i h se5 fit to divide ! pr9cipal meteor %[]s into f\r gr\ps1 accord+ to ! seasons 9 :i* !y appe>1 & h plac$ !m respectively at ! conclusion ( ea* season's "w on ! con/ellations4 ,by radiant po9t is meant ! po9t f :i* ! meteors />t on _! flight4 ,?is po9t is an app>5t "o1 h[ev]1 due to an illusion ( p]spective1 = ! meteors really approa* ! e>? 9 p>allel pa?s4 ,! dates giv5 = ^! %[]s are ^? ( ! maxima1 & ! meteors %\ld be look$ = sev]al nights be=e & aft] ! dates specifi$4 ,! %[]s t are to be se5 aft] midnight are1 unless ( special note1 omitt$4 ,!re are1 besides ! meteors t h be5 classifi$1 c]ta9 %oot+-/>s t app>5tly h no det]m9$ radiant po9t4 ,^! are call$ sporadic meteors4 ,9 ^! li/s ( meteors1 ! radiant po9t is only approximately giv52 = sci5tific purposes a f> m exact position is requir$ 9 t]ms ( "r asc5sion & decl9ation4 ,!re are sev]al good li/s ( meteoric %[]s to be obta9$1 :i* af=d ?is in=mation = ^? :o c>e to pursue ! matt] m 9 detail4 ,see ! ,rev4 ,t4,w4 ,webb's book1 entitl$ ,cele/ial ,objects = ,common ,telescopes4 ,= purposes ( id5tification1 ! radiant po9ts "h giv5 w be f\nd = ! mo/ "p suffici5t4 ,,note4 ,_m read]s ( ?is book may be ! =tunate possessors ( small telescopes4 ,x may be t !y h obs]v$ ! heav5s f "t to "t 9 a desultory way & h no notion t valuable & practical sci5tific rese>* "w c be accompli%$ ) a small glass4 ,if ^? :o are will+ to aid 9 ! great "w ( a/rophysical rese>* w communicate ) ! au?or he w be pleas$ to outl9e = !m a mo/ practical & fasc9at+ l9e ( obs]vational "w t w enable !m to %>e 9 ! advance ( our k respect+ ! />s4 ,x is "w t involves no ma!matics1 & its details are easily ma/]$4 ,,! ,,names ,,( ,,! ,,/>s ,,& ,,_! ,,mean+s4 ,,acub5s1 a ,cancri1 ! claws4 ,situat$ 9 "o ( ! ,crab's claws4 ,x is :ite 9 color & culm9ates#a ,m>* #ah?4 ,a-,,d>'-,a1 e ,canis ,majoris1 ! virg9s1 a "n = f\r />s1 ( :i* ,ad>a is brighte/4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,dog's "r ?igh4 ,x is pale orange 9 color1 & culm9ates ,feb4 #aa?4 ,,adhil1 e ,&rom$ae1 ! tra9 ( a g>m5t4 ,situat$ 9 ! left %\ld] ( ! *a9$ lady4 ,,aladf> 7al-ad-f3ar71 m ,lyrae1 ! talons 7( ! fall+ eagle7 ,,al ,,bali1 e ,aqu>ii1 ! good =tune ( ! swall[]4 ,,al-,,bi'-,,reo1 or ,,al-,,bir'3,e-,o b ,cygni1 orig9 d\btful4 ,means ! beak ( ! h54 ,situat$ 9 ! beak ( ! ,swan & ! base ( ! ,cross4 ,its color is topaz yell[1 & x culm9ates ,aug4 #bh?4 ,,alcaid1 e ,ursae ,majoris4 ,see ,b5etnas*4 ,,al*iba 7al-ke-b3a'71 a ,corvi1 ! t5t1 ! des]t title = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! eye ( ! ,cr[4 ,orange 9 color4 ,,alcor 7al'-kor71 g ,ursae ,majoris1 ! cavali] or ! rid]4 ,situat$ close to ,miz> 9 ! h&le ( ! ,dipp]4 ,silv] :ite 9 color4 ,! ,arabs call$ ?is /> ,saidak1 mean+ ! pro(1 because !y us$ x to te/ a good eye4 ,,al-,,cy'-,o-,,ne1 e ,tauri4 ,gre5i% yell[ 9 color4 ,! brighte/ ( ! ,pleiades4 ,situat$ 9 ! neck ( ! ,bull4 ,,al-,,deb'-,a-,,ran1 a ,tauri1 ! h9dmo/ or ! foll[]1 i4e4 ( ! ,pleiades4 ,situat$ 9 ! eye ( ! ,bull4 ,pale rose 9 color4 ,x is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( ?irty miles p] second1 & culm9ates ,jan4 #aj4 a ,tauri is sometimes call$ ,palilicium4 ,,ald]am9 7,al-d]-am'-971 a ,cephei ! "r arm4 ,x n[ m>ks ! %\ld] ( ,cepheus4 ,:ite 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,sept4 #bg?4 ,,aldhaf]a1 z ,leonis4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,sickle1 & ! neck ( ! ,lion4 ,x culm9ates ,april #h?4 ,,alfirk 7al-f]k'71 or ,,alphirk1 />s ( ! flock1 b ,cephei4 ,! ,arab "n = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! girdle ( ,cepheus4 ,:ite 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,oct4 #b;d4 ,,algeiba 7al-je'-b3a71 g ,leonis1 ! mane4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,sickle1 & ! %\ld] ( ! ,lion4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( tw5ty-f\r miles p] second1 & culm9ates ,april #i?4 ,,al'-,,ge-,,nib1 g ,pegasi1 ! w+1 possibly ! flank or side4 ,situat$ 9 ! w+ ( ! ,horse4 ,:ite 9 color1 & culm9ates ,nov4 #ad?4 ,,al'-,,ge-,,nib1 a ,p]sei1 ! side1 or ,mirfak1 ! elb[4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r side ( ,p]seus4 ,lilac 9 color & approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( six miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #a/4 ,?is /> is also call$ ,al*emb4 ,,alg5ubi 7al-je-n3o'-bi71 e ,leonis1 ! head ( ! ,lion4 ,a yell[ /> situat$ 9 ! ,lion's m\?4 ,,al'-,,gol1 b ,p]sei1 ! gh\l or demon4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ! ,m$usa held 9 ! ,h]o's left h&4 ,:ite 9 color4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( "o mile p] second1 & culm9ates ,dec4 #bc;d4 ,,algorab 7al-g-r3ab'71 or ,,algores1 7d7 ,corvi1 ! rav54 ,situat$ on ! "r w+ ( ! ,cr[4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,may #ad?4 ,,alh5a 7al-h5'-a71 g ,gem9orum1 a br& on ! "r side ( ! camel's neck1 or a r+ or circlet4 ,situat$ 9 ! left foot ( ,pollux4 ,:ite 9 color1 & culm9ates ,feb4 #h?4 ,alh5a is sometimes call$ ,almeisam4 ,,al-,i-,,o?1 e ,ursae ,majoris1 disput$ d]ivation4 ,situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! ,great ,be>4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( n9ete5 miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,may #bj?4 ,alio?1 ! "n sometimes giv5 to a & ? ,s]p5tis4 ,,al-,,kaid 7al-kad71 ,see ,,alcaid4 ,,alkalurops 7al-ka-lu'-rops71 m ,bo3otis1 a h]dsman's club1 crook1 or /aff4 ,situat$ ne> ! "r %\ld] ( ! ,h]dsman4 ,its color is flu%$ :ite4 ,,alkes 7al'-kes71 a ,crat]is1 f ,al ,kas1 ! cup1 ! ,arab "n = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! base ( ! ,cup4 ,orange 9 color1 & culm9ates ,april #bj?4 ,,almac1 g ,&rom$ae1 a badg]1 possibly ! boot4 ,situat$ 9 ! left foot ( ,&rom$a4 ,orange 9 color1 & culm9ates ,dec4 #h?4 ,,al ,,naaim1 t & n ,pegasi1 ! cross b>s ov] a well4 ,,al ,,nasl 7al-nas'l71 or ,,elnasl 7el-nas'-l71 g ,sagitt>ii1 ! po9t head ( ! arr[4 ,situat$ 9 ! arr['s tip4 ,x is yell[ 9 color1 & culm9ates ,aug4 #d?4 ,?is /> sometimes call$ ,nu%aba & ,w>ida4 ,,al ,,na?1 or ,,na? g ,aurigae1 & b ,tauri1 ! heel ( ! re9-hold]1 ! butt] i4e4 ! horn4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r foot ( ! ,*>iote]1 & ! tip ( ! nor!rn horn ( ! ,bull4 ,brilliant :ite 9 color1 & culm9ates ,dec4 #aa?4 ,,alnilam 7al-ni-lam'71 e ,orionis1 a belt ( sph]es or pe>ls4 ,situat$ 9 ,orion's belt4 ,x is bright :ite 9 color1 & is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( sixte5 miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #be?4 ,,alnitak 7al-ni-tak'71 z ,orionis1 ! girdle4 ,situat$ 9 ,orion's belt4 ,topaz yell[ 9 color4 ,x is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( n9e miles p] second1 & culm9ates ,jan4 #bf?4 ,,al-,,niyat1 s ,scorpii1 ! outworks ( ! he>t4 ,situat$ ne> ! ,scorpion's he>t4 ,x is creamy :ite 9 color4 ,,al'-,,ph>d or 7al-f3ard'71 a ,hydrae1 ! solit>y "o 9 ! s]p5t4 ,situat$ 9 ! he>t ( ,hydra4 ,orange 9 color1 & culm9ates ,m>4 #bf?4 ,! ,*9ese call$ ?is /> ! ,r$ ,bird4 ,,al-,,phec'-,,ca1 a ,coronae ,borealis1 ! bright "o ( ! di%4 ,see ,gemma4 ,c5tury ,diction>y gives mean+ ! cup or platt] ( a d]vi%4 ,,al'-,,phe-,,ratz1 or 7al-fe-rats'71 a ,&rom$ae1 ! head ( ! woman 9 *a9s4 ,! navel ( ! horse4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ,&rom$a4 ,:ite & purpli% 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,nov4 #aj?4 ,alph]atz is "s times call$ ,sirrah4 ,,al-,,phirk1 b ,cephei1 f al-,firk1 ! flock4 ,,al ,,rakis1 m ,draconis1 ! danc]4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,dragon's nose4 ,brilliant :ite 9 color4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y gives = ?is /> ,arrakis1 ,! trott+ camel4 ,,al ,,res*a1 a ,piscium1 ! cord or knot4 ,situat$ 9 ! knot jo9+ ! ribbons t hold ! ,fi%es toge!r4 ,pale gre5 9 color1 & culm9ates ,dec4 #g?4 ,,alsafi s ,draconis4 ,,als*a9 7al-%an'71 b ,aquilae1 "p ( ! ,arab "n = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ,ant9o3us4 ,pale orange 9 color1 & culm9ates ,sept4 #c;d4 ,,al ,,%at1 n ,capricorni1 ! %eep4 ,,al'-,,tair1 or ,,atair1 a ,aquilae1 ! fly+ eagle1 "p ( ! ,arab "n = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! neck ( ! ,eagle4 ,yell[ 9 color1 & culm9ates ,sept4 #a/4 ,,alt]f 7al-t]f'71 l ,leonis1 ! glance1 i4e4 ! ,lion's eye4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,lion's m\?1 ! po9t ( ! ,sickle4 ,r$ 9 color4 ,,aludra 7al-3o'-dra71 e ,canis ,majoris1 ! virg9s4 ,! f\r />s ne> ea* o!r 9 ,canis ,major4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,great ,dog's tail4 ,pale r$ 9 color1 & culm9ates ,feb4 #ba/4 ,,alula ,,borealis1 n ,ursae ,majoris4 ,,alula ,,au/ralis1 z ,ursae ,majoris ,! nor!rn & s\!rn w+4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,s\!rn h9d foot ( ! ,great ,be>4 ,! latt] /> is sometimes call$ ,el ,acola4 ,,al'-,,ya1 ? ,s]p5tis4 ,situat$ 9 ! tip ( ! ,s]p5t's tail4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #ah?4 ,,an*a1 ? ,aqu>ii1 ! hip4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r hip ( ,aqu>ius4 ,,ant-,a,r-,,es1 or ,,an-,,ta'-,,rez1 a ,scorpii1 ! rival ( ,m>s4 ,situat$ 9 ! he>t ( ! ,scorpion4 ,fi]y r$ & em]ald gre5 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,july #aa?4 ,,arc-,t,u-,,rus1 a ,bo3otis1 ! leg ( ! lance-be>]1 or ! be>-keep]4 ,situat$ 9 ! left knee ( ! ,h]dsman4 ,gold5 yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,june #h?4 ,,arid$1 ,see ,,d5eb4 ,,arneb 73ar'-neb71 a ,leporis1 ! h>e1 ! ,arab "n = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! he>t ( ! ,h>e4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #bd?4 a ,leporis is sometimes call$ ,ar%4 ,,arkab 73ar'-kab71 b ,sagitt>ii1 ! t5don unit+ ! calf ( ! leg to ! heel4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,ar*]'s left =e leg4 ,,a%f>1 m & e ,leonis1 ! eyebr[s4 ,situat$ close to ! ,lion's "r eye4 m orange 9 color1 sometimes call$ ,al%emali or ,asmidiske4 ,,aspidiski 7z-pi-dis'ke7 or ,,asmidiske1 i ,argus1 9 ! gunwale4 ,situat$ 9 ! %ield :i* ornam5ts ! vessel's /]n4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y gives a little %ield z ! mean+ = ?is /> "n4 ,,ascella1 z ,sagitt>ii1 ! armpit4 ,situat$ ne> ! ,ar*]'s left armpit4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #ai?4 ,,ascellus1 ? ,bo3otis4 ,x m>ks ! f+] tips ( ! ,h]dsman's uprais$ h&4 ,,ascellus ,,borealis1 n ,cancri1 nor!rn ass4 ,/raw color4 ,,ascellus ,,au/ralis1 d ,cancri1 ! s\!rn ass4 ,situat$ on ! back ( ! ,crab4 ,/raw color4 ,,atik1 o ,p]sei4 ,situat$ 9 ! w+ on ! "r foot ( ,p]seus4 ,,azelfafage1 p ,cygni1 ! horse's foot or track4 ,,azha1 e ,eridani1 ! o/ri*'s ne/4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,,baham1 ? ,pegasi1 ! "y ( dome/ic animals4 ,situat$ ne> ! left eye ( ,pegasus4 ,,bat',,en ,,kaitos1 z ,ceti1 ! :ale's belly4 ,a topaz-yell[-color$ />1 :i* culm9ates ,dec4 #e?4 ,,beid 7ba'-id71 o ,eridani1 ! egg4 ,a v :ite />4 ,,bel'-,,la-,,trix1 g ,orionis1 ! female w>rior4 ,! ,amazon />4 ,situat$ 9 ! left %\ld] ( ,orion4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,x is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( six miles p] second1 & culm9ates ,jan4 #bb;d4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y gives ! color z v :ite4 ,,be-,,net'-,,nas*1 e ,ursae ,majoris1 ! *ief or gov]nor ( ! m\rn]s 7allud+ to ! fanci$ bi]74 ,situat$ 9 ! tip ( ! ,great ,be>'s tail4 ,brilliant :ite 9 color4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( sixte5 miles p] second1 & culm9ates ,june #b;d4 ,?is /> is also call$ ,alkaid1 f al-kaid1 ! ,gov]nor4 ,,betelgeuze 7,,bet-,,el-,,g]z'71 a ,orionis1 ! giant's %\ld]1 or ! armpit ( ! c5tral "o4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r %\ld] ( ,orion4 ,orange 9 color4 ,x is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( t5 miles p] second1 & culm9ates ,jan4 #bi?4 ,sometimes call$ ,mirzam1 ! ro>]4 ,,bote9 7bo-te-9'71 d ,arietis1 ! little belly4 ,,ca-,,pel'-,,la1 a ,aurigae1 ! %e-goat4 ,situat$ 9 ! left %\ld] ( ! ,*>iote]4 ,x is a :ite />1 & is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( fifte5 miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #ai?4 ,! color ( ,capella is ne>ly t ( ! sun4 ,,caph 7kaf71 b ,cassiopeiae1 ! camel's hump1 or ! h&4 ,x is :ite 9 color1 & culm9ates ,nov4 #aa?4 ,,cas'-,,tor1 a ,gem9orum1 ! horseman ( ! tw9s4 ,its color is bright :ite1 & x culm9ates ,feb4 #bc;d4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ,ca/or4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y gives ! color z gre5i%4 ,,*eleb1 b ,ophiu*i1 also ,,ceb',,elr_/,a,i f kelb1 ! %eph]d's dog4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ! ,s]p5t4 ,x is a yell[ />1 & culm9ates ,aug4 #cj?4 ,,*ort 7*ort71 ? ,leonis4 ,situat$ 9 ! h9d qu>t]s ( ! ,lion4 ,x culm9ates ,april #bd?4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y has ? ,c5tauri = ?is />4 ,,cor ,,c>oli 7kor k>'-o-li71 a ,c4 ,v541 ! he>t ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,x is flu%$ :ite 9 color1 & culm9ates ,may #bj?4 ,a yell[i% /> accord+ to ! ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,,cujam1 o ,h]culis4 ,^w us$ by ,horace = ! club ( ,h]cules4 ,,cursa 7,,k]' ,,sa71 b ,eridani1 ! foot/ool ( ! c5tral "o1 or ! *air or ?rone4 ,situat$ ab\t at ! s\rce ( ! riv] ne> ,orion4 ,topaz yell[ 9 color1 & culm9ates ,janu>y #ac?4 ,?is /> is also kn[n z ,dhalim 7,?a'lim7 7! o/ri*74 ,,dabih 7d3a'-be71 b ,capricorni1 ! lucky "o ( ! slaught]]s1 or ! slay]'s lucky />4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ! ,sea-,goat4 ,x is an orange-color$ />1 & culm9ates ,sept4 #aj?4 ,d,e'-,,neb1 or ,,arid$ 7ar'-i-d$71 a ,cygni1 ! h5's tail1 ! h9dmo/4 ,situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! ,swan1 & at ! top ( ! ,cross4 ,brilliant :ite 9 color4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( ?irty-six miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,sept4 #af?4 ,,d5eb ,,al ,,okab 7d5'-eb al-o-kab71 e & z ,aquilae1 ! eagle's tail4 ,,d5eb ,,alg$i 7d5'-eb al'-je-de71 d ,capricorni1 ! tail ( ! goat4 ,situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! ,sea-,goat4 ,,d5eb ,,al ,,%emali 7d5'-eb-al-%e-m3a-le71 i ,ceti ,a bright yell[ /> situat$ at ! tip ( ! nor!rn fluke ( ! mon/]'s tail4 ,,d5eb ,,kaitos 7d5'-eb ki'-tos71 b ,ceti1 ! tail ( ! :ale4 ,situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! ,:ale4 ,x is a yell[ />1 & culm9ates ,nov4 #ba/4 ,?is /> sometimes call$ ,diphda4 ,,de-,,neb'-,o-,,la1 b ,leonis1 ! lion's tail4 ,x is a blue /> :i* is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( twelve miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,may #c;d4 ,?is /> also call$ ,dafirah1 & ,s]pha4 ,,ds*ubba1 d ,scorpii1 ! front ( ! =ehead4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ! ,scorpion4 ,x culm9ates ,july #d?4 ,,dsiban1 ps ,draconis4 ,pe>ly :ite 9 color4 ,,dub'-,,he 7d3ob'-he71 a ,ursae ,majoris1 a be>4 ,! nor!rn po9t] />4 ,x is a yell[ />1 & is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( twelve miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,april #ba/4 ,! ,arabs call$ ! f\r />s 9 ! ,dipp] ! bi]4 ,,el ,,na? b ,tauri1 ! "o :o butts4 ,?is /> is rec$+ at ! rate ( five miles a second4 ,,eltan91 or ,,etan9 7et'-a-n971 g ,draconis1 ! dragon1 ! dragon's head4 ,x is orange 9 color & culm9ates ,aug4 #d?4 ,rasab5 is ano!r "n = ?is />4 ,e'-,,nif1 or en'-if1 e ,pegasi1 ! nose4 ,situat$ 9 ! nose ( ,pegasus4 ,x is a yell[ />1 :i* is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( five miles p] second1 & culm9ates ,oct4 #d?4 ,?is /> 0 also call$ fum-al-f>-z1 ! m\? ( ! horse4 ,,er ,,rai 7er-ra'-e71 g ,cephei1 ! %eph]d4 ,situat$ 9 ! left knee ( ,cepheus4 ,x is yell[ 9 color & culm9ates ,nov4 #aj?4 ,,fomalhaut 7,fo'-mal-o71 7disput$ pronunciation71 a ,piscis ,au/ri1 ! fi%'s m\?4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ! ,s\!rn ,fi%4 ,x is r$di% 9 color1 & culm9ates ,oct4 #be?4 ,?is /> 0 also kn[n z ! fir/ frog1 ! second frog be+ b ,ceti4 ,,furud1 or ,,phurud 7fu-rod71 z ,canis ,majoris1 ! bright s+le "o4 ,situat$ 9 ! left h9d paw ( ! ,great] ,dog4 ,x is light orange 9 color4 ,,gem'-,,ma1 a ,coronae ,borealis1 a bud4 ,! brighte/ /> 9 ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n4 ,x is brilliant :ite 9 color1 & is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( tw5ty miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,june #bh?4 ,?is /> is also kn[n z ,alphecca & ,alfeta4 ,,gians> l ,draconis1 ! tw9s1 ! poison place4 ,situat$ 9 ! tip ( ! ,dragon's tail4 ,an orange-color$ />4 ,x culm9ates ,april #bh?4 ,,gi$i1 a ,capricorni1 also call$ ,algi$'-i1 ! goat4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ! ,sea-,goat4 ,x is a yell[ />1 & culm9ates ,sept4 #i?4 ,,gi5ah1 g ,corvi1 ! "r w+ ( ! rav54 ,situat$ 9 ! ,cr['s w+4 ,x culm9ates ,may #aj?4 ,,gi5ah1 e ,cygni1 ! w+4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,swan's w+4 ,x is a yell[ />1 & culm9ates ,sept4 #ag?4 ,,gomeisa 7go-mi'-z3a71 ,,gomelza1 b ,canis ,m9oris1 ,wat]y-ey$1 weep+4 ,a :ite />4 ,situat$ 9 ! neck ( ! ,less] ,dog4 ,,graffias1 b ,scorpii1 d]ivation unkn[n2 ! "n may mean ! crab4 ,?is /> 0 also call$ ,ak'rab1 ! ,scorpion4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ! ,scorpion4 ,x is a pale :ite />1 & culm9ates ,july #e?4 ,,grumium 7gr3o'-mi-um71 x ,draconis1 ! dragon's "u jaw4 ,a yell[ />4 ,,ham'-,,al or 7ha-m3al'71 a ,arietis1 ! head ( ! %eep4 ,situat$ 9 ! =ehead ( ! ,ram4 ,x is yell[ 9 color1 & is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( n9e miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,dec4 #aa?4 ,,homam 7ho-mam'71 z ,pegasi1 ! lucky /> ( ! h]o1 or ! :isp]]4 ,situat$ 9 ! neck ( ,pegasus4 ,light yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,oct4 #bb;d4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y gives ?is /> "n to e ,pegasi4 ,,hyadum ,i1 g ,tauri4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,hyades1 ! nose ( ! ,bull4 ,a yell[ />4 ,,iz> 7e-z3ar71 ,mira*1 or ,miz>1 e ,bo3otis1 ! girdle4 ,pale orange 9 color4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( t5 miles p] second1 & culm9ates ,june #af?4 ,a beautiful color$ d\ble />4 ,,jabbah 7,jab'-b3a71 n ,scorpii1 cr[n ( ! =ehead4 ,a triple />4 ,,kaus 7kas71 ,,au/ralis1 e ,sagitt>ii1 ! s\!rn "p ( ! b[4 ,an orange-color$ />4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #h?4 ,,kaus 7kas71 ,,borealis1 l ,sagitt>ii1 ! nor!rn "p ( ! b[4 ,orange color4 ,,kitalpha1 a ,equulei1 ! ,arab "n = ! a/]ism4 ,9 ! head ( ! ,little ,horse4 ,x culm9ates ,sept4 #bd?4 ,,ko'-,,*ab 7ko-k3ab'71 b ,ursae ,m9oris1 ! /> ( ! ,nor?4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r %\ld] ( ! ,little ,be>4 ,"o ( ! two ,gu>dians ( ! ,pole4 ,x is r$di% 9 color1 & is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( eight miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,june #ai?4 ,,kornephoros1 b ,h]culis1 ! ,arab "n = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r arm-pit ( ,h]cules4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( tw5ty-two miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,july #ab?4 ,,lesu?1 n ,scorpii1 ! /+4 ,situat$ 9 ! tip ( ! ,scorpion's tail4 ,x culm9ates ,july #bg?4 ,,m>fak 7m3ar'fak71 ? ,cassiopeiae1 ! elb[4 ,situat$ 9 ! left elb[ ( ,cassiopeia4 ,?is /> "n is also giv5 to m ,cassiopeiae4 ,,m>fic 7m3ar'-fik71 l ,ophiu*i1 ! elb[4 ,situat$ 9 ! left elb[ ( ! ,s]p5t ,be>]4 ,yell[i% :ite 9 color4 ,,m>fik 7m3ar' fik71 or ,,m>sic1 k ,h]culis1 ! elb[4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r elb[ ( ,h]cules4 ,light yell[ 9 color4 ,,m>'-,,kab 7m3ar'kab71 a ,pegasi1 ,arab ^w = saddle4 ,c5tury ,diction>y gives a wagon or *>iot4 ,situat$ 9 ! base ( ! ,horse's neck4 ,x is a :ite /> :i* is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( ?ree qu>t]s ( a mile a second4 ,x culm9ates ,nov4 #c;d4 ,,m>keb1 k ,argus4 ,situat$ 9 ! /]n ( ! ,%ip4 ,x culm9ates ,m>4 #be?4 ,,m>sym1 l ,h]culis1 ! wri/4 ,situat$ 9 ! left wri/ ( ,h]cules4 ,deep yell[ 9 color4 ,,mat> or ,,sad 7,s3ad71 a lucky />1 or m fully1 ,sad-,mator1 e ,pegasi1 ! =tunate ra94 ,situat$ 9 ! left =e leg ( ,pegasus4 ,,mebu/a1 ,,mebsuta 7,meb-s3o'-ta71 or ,,meb\la1 e ,gem9orum1 ! out/ret*$4 ,a brilliant :ite /> situat$ 9 ! "r knee ( ,ca/or4 ,,m$ia1 or ,,kaus ,,m$ia1 d ,sagitt>ii1 middle 7( !7 b[4 ,orange yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #h?4 ,m,e-,,gres1 or 7,me'-grez71 d ,ursae ,majoris1 ! root ( ! be>'s tail4 ,x is a pale yell[ />1 & culm9ates ,may #aj?4 ,?is /> is ! fa9te/ ( ! sev5 :i* =m ! ,dipp]4 ,,meissa1 l ,orionis4 ,situat$ 9 ! face ( ! ,giant ,hunt]4 ,pale :ite 9 color4 ,,mekbuda 7mek-bu'-da71 z ,gem9orum1 ! contract$ 7arm74 ,situat$ 9 ! left knee ( ,pollux4 ,pale topaz 9 color4 ,,m5kal9an 7m5-ka-le-nan' or ,m5-kal'-i-nan71 b ,aurigae1 ! %\ld] ( ! re9-hold] or driv]4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r arm ( ! ,*>iote]4 ,a lucid yell[ /> :i* is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( sev5te5 miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #bi?4 ,?is /> 0 "o ( ! fir/ discov]$ & mo/ rem>kable spectroscopic b9>ies4 ,,m5k> 7m5'k3ar71 a ,ceti1 ! nose1 or sn\t4 ,situat$ 9 ! nose ( ,cetus4 ,bright orange 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,dec4 #ba/4 ,sometimes writt5 ,m5kab4 ,,m5kib1 x ,p]sei1 ! %\ld]4 ,situat$ 9 ! calf ( ! "r leg ( ,p]seus4 ,,m]ak 7me'rak71 b ,ursae ,majoris1 ! lo9 ( ! be>4 ,a gre5i% :ite /> :i* is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( eighte5 miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,apr4 #bj?4 ,! s\!rn ( ! two po9t]s4 ,,mes>tim 7me-s3ar'tim71 g ,arietis1 ! ,hebrew ^w = m9i/]4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,ram's left horn4 ,bright :ite 9 color4 ,,m9taka 7m9'ta-k3a71 d ,orionis1 ! belt 7( ! giant74 ,"o ( ! ?ree />s 9 ,orion's belt4 ,a brilliant :ite /> ) v little motion4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #bd?4 ,m,i'-,,ra 7mi'ra or me'ra71 o ,ceti4 ,situat$ 9 ! neck ( ,cetus4 ,a fam\s v>iable1 flu%$ yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,dec4 #ae?4 ,m,i',,ra*1 or ,,mirak 7mi'rak or me'rak71 b ,&rom$ae1 ! girdle1 or ! lo9s4 ,a yell[ /> culm9at+ ,nov4 #bh?4 ,m,i,,z> 7miz3ar or me'z3ar71 z ,ursae ,majoris1 a girdle or apron4 ,situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! ,great ,be>4 ,brilliant :ite 9 color4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( n9ete5 miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,may #bh?4 ,,muliph51 g ,canis ,majoris4 ,situat$ 9 ! neck ( ! ,great] ,dog4 ,x culm9ates ,feb4 #bf?4 ,,muphrid 7mu'-frid71 e ,bo3otis1 ! solit>y /> ( ! lanc]4 ,situat$ 9 ! calf ( ! left leg ( ! ,h]dsman4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,june #d?4 ,,murzim or ,,mirzam 7m]-z3am'71 b ,canis ,majoris1 ! ann\nc] or ! ro>]4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,great] ,dog's left =e paw4 ,a :ite /> culm9at+ ,feb4 #e?4 ,,muscida1 o ,ursae ,majoris1 ! muzzle4 ,situat$ 9 ! nose ( ! ,great ,be>4 ,,nekk>1 or ,,nakk> 7nak'-k3ar71 b ,bo3otis1 ! h]dsman1 ! ,arab "n = ! :ole con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ,bo3otes4 ,a gold5 yell[ /> :i* culm9ates ,june #bj?4 ,,naos 7na'-os71 z ,argus1 ! %ip4 ,situat$ 9 ! /]n ( ! ,%ip4 ,x culm9ates ,m>4 #c;d4 ,,na%ira1 g ,capricorni1 ! =tunate "o1 or ! br+] ( good tid+s4 ,situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! ,sea-,goat4 ,x culm9ates ,oct4 #c;d4 ,,nihal1 b ,leporis4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r foot ( ! ,h>e4 ,deep yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #bc;d4 ,,nodus ,,secundus1 d ,draconis1 ! second ( ! f\r knots or convolutions4 ,deep yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #bd?4 ,,nunki1 s ,sagitt>ii1 ! /> ( ! proclamation ( ! sea1 or ,,sadira 7sad'-e-ra71 ! o/ri* return+ f ! wat]4 ,situat$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! ,ar*]'s left arm4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #ag?4 ,,phad1 ,,phec'-,,da1 or ,,pha$ 7fa'-ed71 g ,ursae ,majoris1 ! ?igh 7( ! be>74 ,topaz yell[ 9 color4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( sixte5 miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,may #d?4 ,,phaet or ,,phact1 a ,columbae4 ,situat$ 9 ! he>t ( ! ,dove4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #bf?4 ,,ph]kad 7f]'-kad71 g ,ursae ,m9oris1 ! calf4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r =e leg ( ! ,little ,be>4 ,,po-,l_/,a-,,ris1 a ,ursae ,m9oris1 ! pole />4 ,situat$ 9 ! tip ( ! ,little ,be>'s tail4 ,topaz yell[ 9 color4 ,x is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( sixte5 miles p] second4 ,,pol'-,,lux1 b ,gem9orum1 ,ovid's ,pugil1 ! pugili/ ( ! two bro!rs4 ,situat$ 9 ! head ( ,pollux4 ,an orange-color$ /> :i* is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( "o mile p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,feb4 #bf?4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y gives ! color ( ,pollux z v yell[4 ,,porrima 7por'-i-m3a71 g ,virg9is1 ,lat9 "n = a goddess ( prophecy4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,virg9's left arm4 ,x culm9ates ,may #ag?4 ,,pro'-,,cy-,,on1 a ,canis ,m9oris1 ! =emo/ dog4 ,a yell[i%-:ite />4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( six miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,feb4 #bd?4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! "r side ( ! ,less] ,dog4 ,dr4 ,elk9 gives its di/ance z #ab4c light ye>s1 & its prop] motion z #ac4i miles p] second4 ,,propus 7pro'-pus71 e ,gem9orum1 ! =w>d foot4 ,situat$ 9 ! nor!rn foot ( ,ca/or4 ,,rasalas 7ras'-a-las71 m ,leonis1 ! lion's head t[>d ! s\?4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,sickle1 close to ! ,lion's "r eye4 ,an orange-color$ />4 ,x culm9ates ,apr4 #a/4 ,al%emali & ,borealis are o!r names = ?is />4 ,,ras ,,alge?i 7r3as-al-ge'-?i71 a ,h]culis1 ! kneel]'s head4 ,orange r$ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,july #bc;d4 ,,ras'-,,al-,h,a,g'-,,ue1 a ,ophiu*i1 ! head ( ! s]p5t *>m]4 ,a sapphire-hu$ />4 ,x is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( twelve miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,july #bh?4 ,,ra/aban 7r3as-ta-b3an'71 b or g ,draconis ! dragon's head1 or ! head ( ! basilisk4 ,a yell[ /> culm9at+ ,aug4 #c;d4 ,?is /> also call$ ,alwaid 7al-wid'7 ! suck+ camel-colts4 ,! ?ree />s ne> x are includ$ 9 ?is appellation4 ,,reg'-,u-,,lus1 a ,leonis1 dim9utive ( ! e>li] ,rex4 ,situat$ 9 ! h&le ( ! ,sickle1 & ! "r =e paw ( ! ,lion4 ,x is flu%$ :ite 9 color1 & is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( five miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,april #f?4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,elk9 x is #ce4a light ye>s di/ant1 & has a prop] motion ( #h4e miles p] second4 ,,rigel 7ri'-jel71 b ,orionis1 ! left leg ( ! ,jabbah1 or giant4 ,a blui%-:ite />1 :i* is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( t5 miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #bj?4 ,?is /> is sometimes call$ ,algeb> 7al'-je-b3ar74 ,,rotanev 7rot'-a-nev71 b ,delph9i1 f ,v5ator1 assi/ant to ,piazzi1 8 "n rev]s$4 ,x culm9ates ,sept4 #ae?4 ,,ru*ba1 o ,cygni1 ! h5's knee4 ,a pale r$ />4 ,,ru*bah1 or ,,rucbah1 d ,cassiopeiae1 ! knee4 ,situat$ 9 ! left knee ( ,cassiopeia4 ,x culm9ates ,dec4 #b;d4 ,,rukbat1 a ,sagitt>ii1 ! ar*]'s knee4 ,situat$ 9 ! left =e foot ( ! ,ar*]4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #bd?4 ,,sabik1 e ,ophiu*i4 ,a pale yell[ /> 9 ! left leg ( ! ,s]p5t ,be>]4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #ba/4 ,,sada*bia 7sad-ak-be'-y3a71 g ,aqu>ii1 ! luck /> ( hidd5 ?+s4 ,gre5i% 9 color & situat$ 9 ! wat] j> ( ,aqu>ius4 ,x culm9ates ,oct4 #af?4 ,,sad ,,al ,,b>i1 l & m ,pegasi1 ! good luck ( ! excell+ "o4 ,situat$ close to ! =e legs ( ,pegasus4 ,,sadal ,,melik 7s3ad-al-mel'-ik71 or ,,rucbah1 a ,aqu>ii1 ! lucky /> ( ! k+4 ,a r$ /> situat$ 9 ! "r %\ld] ( ,aqu>ius4 ,x culm9ates ,oct4 #i?4 ,,sadalsund1 or ,,sadalsuud 7s3ad-al-s3o-3od71 b ,aqu>ii1 ! luckie/ ( ! lucky4 ,pale yell[ 9 color4 ,situat$ 9 ! left %\ld] ( ,aqu>ius4 ,x culm9ates ,sept4 #bi?4 ,,sadatoni 7sad-a-to'-ni71 z ,aurigae4 ,"o ( ! ?ree />s kn[n z ! kids4 ,orange color4 ,,sadr 7sadr71 or ,,sadir 7sa'-der71 g ,cygni1 ! h5's brea/4 ,?is /> is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( f\r miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,sept4 #aa?4 ,,saiph 7sa-if'71 k ,orionis1 ! sword ( ! giant4 ,situat$ 9 ,orion's "r knee4 ,x culm9ates ,jan4 #bg?4 ,,s>gas1 ? ,scorpii4 ,a r$ /> situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! ,scorpion4 ,x culm9ates ,july #bg?4 ,,s*eat 7%e'-at71 or ,m5kib1 b ,pegasi1 ! upp] "p ( ! arm4 ,situat$ 9 ! left =e-leg ( ,pegasus4 ,x is deep yell[ 9 color1 & is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( f\r miles p] second4 ,x culm9ates ,oct4 #be?4 ,,s*emali1 see ,d5eb al s*emali1 i ,ceti4 ,,seg9us 7se-ji'nus71 g ,bo3otis1 f ,ceg9us ( ! con/ellation1 possibly4 ,situat$ 9 ! left %\ld] ( ,bo3otes4 ,x culm9ates ,june #ac?4 ,,%aula 7%a'-l3a71 l ,scorpii1 ! /+4 ,9 ! tip ( ! ,scorpion's tail4 ,,%$>1 ,,s*$ir1 or ,,%$ir1 a ,cassiopeiae1 ! brea/1 or f ,el ,s$]1 ! s$> tree1 a "n giv5 to ?is con/ellation by ,ulugh ,beigh4 ,pale rose 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,nov4 #ah?4 ,,%eliak1 or ,,%elyak 7%el'-yak71 a tortoise1 b ,lyrae1 ,arabian "n = ! con/ellation4 ,a v :ite /> culm9at+ ,aug4 #ag?4 ,,%]atan 7%]-a-tan'71 b ,arietis1 a sign1 or ! two signs4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,ram's horn4 ,a pe>ly :ite /> culm9at+ ,dec4 #g?4 ,,sir'-,i-,,u1 a ,canis ,majoris1 ! sp>kl+ /> or scor*]4 ,situat$ 9 ! m\? ( ! ,great ,dog4 ,brilliant :ite 9 color4 ,! brighte/ ( ! fix$ />s4 ,x culm9ates ,feb4 #aa?4 ,,situla 7sit'-u-la71 k ,aqu>ii1 ! wat] j> or bucket4 ,situat$ 9 ! rim ( ! ,wat] ,j>4 ,,skat1 or ,,s*eat1 d ,aqu>ii1 a wi%1 or possibly x means a %9 bone4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r leg ( ,aqu>ius4 ,,spi',,ca1 a ,virg9is1 ! e> ( :eat or corn 7held 9 ! ,virg9's left h&74 ,a brilliant flu%$ :ite />1 :i* is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( n9e miles a second4 ,x culm9ates ,may #bh?4 ,,sualoc91 or ,,svaloc9 7sval'-o-s971 ,nicolaus rev]s$1 a ,delph9i4 ,a pale yell[ /> culm9at+ ,sept4 #ae?4 ,,sulafat1 or ,,sulaphat 7s3o'-l3a-f3at71 ! tortoise1 g ,lyrae4 ,arabian title = ! :ole con/ellation4 ,x is bright yell[ 9 color1 & culm9ates ,aug4 #ai?4 ,,syrma1 i ,virg9is2 ?is "n us$ by ,ptolemy to designate ?is /> 9 ! tra9 ( ! ,virg9's robe4 ,,talita 7t3a'-le-t3a71 k or i ,ursae ,majoris1 ! ?ird v]tebra4 ,situat$ 9 ! "r =e paw ( ! ,great ,be>4 ,topaz yell[ 9 color4 ,,tania ,,borealis1 l ,ursae ,majoris4 ,,tania ,,au/ralis1 m ,ursae ,majoris1 a r$ />4 ,^! />s are situat$ 9 ! "r h9d foot ( ! ,great ,be>4 ,! =m] /> culm9ates ,apr4 #h?4 ,,t>az$ 7t>'-a-z$71 g ,aquilae1 ! so>+ falcon1 "p ( ! ,p]sian title = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 ! body ( ! ,eagle4 ,a pale orange />1 culm9at+ ,aug4 #ca/4 ,,tegm5i1 z ,cancri1 9 ! cov]+4 ,a yell[-color$ />4 ,,te'-,,jat1 m ,gem9orum4 ,,?u'-,,ban or 7?o-ban'71 a ,draconis1 ! dragon1 ! ,arab title = ! con/ellation4 ,situat$ 9 "o ( ! ,dragon's coils4 ,x is pale yell[ 9 color1 & culm9ates ,june #g?4 ,,unuk ,,al ,,hay or ,,unukalhai 7u'-nuk-al-h3a'-i71 a ,s]p5tis1 ! neck ( ! snake4 ,a pale yell[ /> :i* is rec$+ f ! e>? at ! rate ( f\rte5 miles a second4 ,x culm9ates ,july #bh?4 ,v3,e',,ga1 or ,,wega1 a ,lyrae1 fall+1 i4e41 ! fall+ bird1 ! h>p />4 ,a beautiful pale /> sapphire 9 color4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( n9e miles a second4 ,x culm9ates ,aug4 #ab?4 ,,v9demiatrix1 e ,virg9is1 ! v9tag] or grape ga!r]4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,virg9's "r arm4 ,a bright yell[ /> culm9at+ ,may #bb;d4 ,,wasat 7w3a'-sat71 d ,gem9orum1 ! middle4 ,situat$ 9 ! body ( ,pollux4 ,pale :ite 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,feb4 #ai?4 ,,wes51 d ,canis ,majoris1 ! weight4 ,a light yell[ /> 9 ! "r side ( ! ,great ,dog4 ,x culm9ates ,feb4 #ag?4 ,,y$ ,,prior 7y$71 d ,ophiu*i1 ! h&1 ! /> beh9d or foll[+4 ,deep yell[ 9 color4 ,x culm9ates ,july #g?4 ,x is 9 ! left h& ( ! ,s]p5t ,be>]4 ,,y$ ,,po/]ior1 e ,ophiu*i1 ! h&4 ,a r$ /> culm9at+ ,july #h?4 ,,yildum1 d ,ursae ,m9oris4 ,situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! ,little ,be>4 ,a gre5i%-hu$ /> culm9at+ ,aug4 #ab?4 ,,zaniah1 e ,virg9is4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,virg9's left %\ld]4 ,,zaurak 7za'-rak71 g ,eridani1 ! bright /> ( ! boat4 ,a yell[ />4 ,,zavijava 7zav-ija'-va71 b ,virg9is1 angle or corn]1 ! retreat or k5nel ( ! b>k+ dog4 ,situat$ on ! ,virg9's left w+4 ,a pale yell[ /> culm9at+ ,may #c;d4 ,,zosma 7zos'-ma71 d ,leonis1 a girdle4 ,situat$ at ! root ( ! ,lion's tail4 ,a pale yell[ /> :i* is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( n9e miles a second4 ,x culm9ates ,apr4 #bd?4 ,?is /> is also call$ ,duhr1 & sometimes ,zubra4 ,,zub5akravi 7z3ob5-ak'-ra-vi or -bi71 g ,scorpii1 ! claw ( ! ,scorpion4 ,a r$ />4 ,,zub5 ,,elg5ubi 7z3o-b5-el-j5-u'-bi71 a ,librae1 ! s\!rn claw 7( ! ,scorpion74 ,a pale yell[ /> culm9at+ ,june #ag?4 ,?is /> is also call$ ,kiffa ,au/ralis4 ,,zub5 ,,es*amali 7z3o-b5-es-%e-ma'-li71 b ,librae1 ! nor!rn claw4 ,a pale em]ald color1 a v unusual color = a />4 ,x is approa*+ ! e>? at ! rate ( six miles a second & culm9ates ,june #bc;d4 ,?is /> is also kn[n z ,kiffa ,borealis4 ,9 ! compilation ( ! =ego+ li/1 ! au?or has be5 greatly assi/$ by ,all5's ,/> ,names & _! ,mean+s4 ,footnote #a3 ,x w be not$ t ! date ( culm9ation is giv5 9 almo/ e case4 ,by culm9ation is meant ! highe/ po9t rea*$ by a heav5ly body 9 its pa?1 at :i* po9t x is said to be on ! m]idian4 ,9 ?is hemisph]e ?is is 9 ea* case ! highe/ po9t nor?4 ,= example3--! culm9ation ( ! sun occurs at noon4 ,! "t :5 ! />s "h m5tion$ culm9ate on ! dates specifi$ is 9 ea* case n9e o'clock ,p4,m4 ,,table ,,%[+ ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,& ,,second ,,magnitude ,,ris+ ,,9 ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,sky ,,at ,,n9e ,o',,clock ,p4,m4 ,,on ,,! ,,dates ,,specifi$4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,date ,,"n ,,( ,,/> ,,con/ellation ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y #a ,regulus1 #a/4 ,leo4 #h ,alph>d1 #b;d4 ,hydra4 #aa ,cor ,c>oli4 ,canes ,v5atici4 ,febru>y #bj ,arcturus1 #a/4 ,bo3otes4 ,m>* #a ,spica1 #a/4 ,virgo4 #e ,gemma1 #b;d4 ,corona ,borealis4 ,april #a ,vega1 #a/4 ,lyra4 #bj ,ras ,alhague1 #b;d4 ,ophiu*us4 #bb ,d5eb1 #b;d4 ,cygnus4 ,may #i ,ant>es1 #a/4 ,scorpius4 #bf ,altair1 #a/4 ,aquila4 ,june #e ,delph9us4 ,july #ag ,alg5ib1 #b;d4 ,p]seus4 ,augu/ #f ,algol4 ,p]seus4 #ba ,capella1 #a/4 ,auriga4 ,hamal1 #b;d4 ,aries4 #bg ,fomalhaut1 #a/4 ,piscis ,au/ralis4 ,septemb] #ac ,! ,pleiades 9 ,taurus4 ,octob] #b ,aldeb>an1 #a/4 ,taurus4 #bf ,bellatrix1 #b;d4 ,orion4 #cj ,ca/or1 #b;d4 ,gem9i4 ,betelgeuze1 #a/4 ,orion4 ,novemb] #d ,pollux1 #a/4 ,gem9i4 ,rigel1 #a/4 ,orion4 #bg ,procyon1 #a/4 ,canis ,m9or4 ,decemb] #d ,sirius1 #a/4 ,canis ,major4 #h ,phaet1 #b;d4 ,columba4 #ad ,! ,bee ,hive 9 ,canc]4 #af ,! head ( ,hydra4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,index ,,"n ,,page ,&rom$a1 #gc ,ant9o3us1 #ci ,aqu>ius1 #ha ,aquila1 #ci ,argo ,navis1 #ajg ,aries1 #he ,auriga1 #aa ,bo3otes1 #ee ,br&5burg ,sceptre1 ,!1 #aaa ,bull ( ,poniat[skio1 #de ,camelop>dalis1 #g ,canc]1 #ac ,canes ,v5atici1 #ei ,canis ,major1 #aje ,canis ,m9or1 #ba ,capricornus1 #hc ,cassiopeia1 #fg ,cepheus1 #fi ,c]b]us1 #ec ,cetus1 #hg ,columba1 #ajc ,coma ,b]5ices1 #ai ,corona ,au/ralis1 #dc ,corona ,borealis1 #ea ,corvus1 #bc ,crat]1 #be ,cygnus1 #cg ,delph9us1 #da ,draco1 #cc ,equ3uleus1 #ga ,eridanus1 #aaa ,gem9i1 #i ,gloria ,fr$]ica1 #gc ,h]cules1 #ec ,h]s*el's ,telescope1 #aa ,hydra1 #ae ,leo1 #ag ,leo ,m9or1 #ie ,lepus1 #aja ,libra1 #di ,lupus1 #dg ,lynx1 #ie ,lyra1 #ce ,monoc]os1 #aji ,musca1 #hi ,ophiu*us1 #de ,orion1 #ii ,pegasus1 #ga ,p]seus1 #ge ,pisces1 #gg ,piscis ,au/ralis1 #ha ,sagitta1 #cg ,sagitt>ius1 #dc ,scorpius1 #dg ,s]p5s1 #de ,sobieski's ,%ield1 #ci ,taurus1 #ig ,triangulum1 #gi ,ursa ,major1 #e ,ursa ,m9or1 #g ,virgo1 #eg ,vulpecul> & ,ans]1 #da ,popul> ,books on ,a/ronomy ,by ,william ,tyl] ,olcott ,excell5tly arrang$1 & copi\sly illu/rat$1 ^! little manuals--real field-books--%\ld prove valuable = all :o want to become famili> ) ! />s ,a ,field ,book ( ! ,/>s #afmo4 ,) ,fifty ,diagrams4 ,to facilitate ! fasc9at+ recreation ( />-gaz+ ! au?or has design$ ?is field-book4 ,all matt]s ( a te*nical or !oretical nature h be5 omitt$4 ,only :at ! read] c obs]ve ) ! nak$ eye or ) an op]a-glass h be5 includ$ 9 x4 ,simplicity & brevity h be5 aim$ at1 ! ma9 idea be+ t :atev] is bulky or v]bose is a h9drance r ?an a help :5 "o is engag$ 9 ! obs]vation ( ! heav5s4 ,9 ,/>l& ) a ,?ree-,in* ,telescope ,a ,conv5i5tly ,arrang$ ,guide = ! ,use ( ! ,amateur ,a/ronom] #afmo4 ,) ,=ty ,diagrams ( ! ,con/ellations & ,eight ( ! ,moon4 ,! raison d'etre !re=e = ! book is conv5i5ce & arrangem5t4 ,! au?or has f\nd by exp]i5ce t :at ! /ud5t mo/ ne$s :5 he is obs]v+ ) a telescope1 is a page to glance at t w s]ve z a guide to ! object he desires to view1 & :i* af=ds concise data relative to t object4 ,! diagrams !re=e direct ! /ud5t's vision & ! subject-matt] af=ds ! necess>y in=mation 9 ea* case4 ,/> ,lore ( ,all ,ages ,a ,collection ( ,my?s1 ,leg5ds1 & ,facts ,conc]n+ ! ,con/ellations ( ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e #hvo4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,w appeal alike to ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 folk-lore & ^? :o are attract$ by a/ronomy4 ,9 x ! au?or has ga!r$ toge!r ! curi\s my?s & traditions t h atta*$ !mselves f ! e>lie/ times to diff]5t con/ellations & ev5 to individual />s4 ,g4,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,new ,york ,london ,! ,ess5ce ( ,a/ronomy ,?+s ,e ,"o ,%\ld ,"k ,ab\t ! ,sun1 ,moon & ,/>s ,by ,edw>d ,w4 ,price #abmo4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,"h is a volume q diff]5t f ! usual popul> book on a/ronomy4 ,x answ]s 9 unte*nical language ! e-day que/ions ( e-day p1 ! mat]ial be+ s arrang$ t x is readily available = quick ref]5ce use1 z well z = int]e/+ consecutive read+4 ,an individual *apt] is devot$ to ea* memb] ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em4 ,special space is giv5 to ,curiosities ( ! ,skies4 ,! illu/rations are f photographs tak5 at ! great obs]vatories4 ,! draw+s ( ,m>s are ! mo/ rec5t publi%$1 be+ made by ,pr(essor ,l[ell 9 ,janu>y1 #aiad4 ,! *ronological table & annotat$ bibliography are ( real value4 ,sun ,lore ( ,all ,ages ,a ,collection ( ,my?s & ,leg5ds ,conc]n+ ! ,sun & its ,wor%ip ,by ,william ,tyl] ,olcott ,au?or ( ,/> ,lore ( ,all ,ages1 ,a ,field ,book ( ! ,/>s1 etc4 #hvo4 ,) #cj ,illu/rations4 ,a companion volume to ,/> ,lore ( ,all ,ages by ! same au?or4 ,x comprises a compilation ( ! my?s1 leg5ds1 & facts conc]n+ ! sun1 ( equal int]e/ to ! lay-read] or to ! /ud5t4 ,! lit]ature ( ! subject is teem+ ) int]e/1 l9k$ z x is ) ! life /ory ( mank9d f ! cradle ( ! race to ! pres5t day1 = ! sol> my? lies at ! v f\ndation ( all my?ology1 & z su* mu/ =ev] claim pre-em95ce4 ,g4,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,new ,york ,london ,a/ronomy 9 a ,nut%ell ,! ,*ief ,facts & ,pr9ciples ,expla9$ 9 ,popul> ,language = ,g5]al ,read]s & = ,s*ools ,by ,g>rett ,p4 ,s]viss ,cr4 #hvo4 ,) #dg ,illu/rations4 ,pres5ts ! subject ( a/ronomy 9 a succ9ct1 popul> =m4 ,no ma!matical k beyond ! simple/ outl9es is assum$ on ! "p ( ! read]4 ,! great und]ly+ facts & pr9ciples ( a/ronomy are pres5t$ 9 a %ape :i* any intellig5t p]son c compreh5d4 ,! book may be us$ ei!r = self-in/ruction or = s*ools4 ,hi/ory ( ,a/ronomy ,by ,george ,=bes1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,m4,in/4,c4,e4 ,=m]ly ,pr(essor ( ,natural ,philosophy1 ,&]son's ,college1 ,glasg[ #afmo4 ,adequately ,illu/rat$4 ,no4 #a4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,sci5ce ,s]ies ,! au?or traces ! evolution ( intellectual ?\ght 9 ! progress ( a/ronomical discov]y1 recogniz+ ! v>i\s po9ts ( view ( ! diff]5t ages1 giv+ due cr$it ev5 to ! anci5ts4 ,x has be5 necess>y to curtail _m p>ts ( ! hi/ory1 to lay be=e ! read] 9 unlimit$ space en\gh ab\t ea* age to illu/rate its tone & _s1 ! ideals ( ! work]s1 ! gradual addition ( new po9ts ( view & ( new means ( inve/igation4 ,an ,easy ,guide to ! ,con/ellations ,) a ,m9iature ,atlas ( ! ,/>s ,by ,james ,gall ,au?or ( ,! ,p's ,atlas ( ! ,/>s1 etc4 ,new & ,enl>g$ ,edition1 ) #cj ,maps #afmo4 ,?is new edition ( ,an ,easy ,guide to ! ,con/ellations has be5 ?or\ghly revis$3 five additional plates h be5 add$1 s z to include all ! con/ellations ( ! ,zodiac1 & r5d] ! book complete = ,s\!rn ,europe & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,g4,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,new ,york ,london ,! ,de/9ies ( ! ,/>s ,by ,svante ,arrh5ius ,au?or ( ,worlds 9 ! ,mak+1 etc4 #abmo4 #bf ,illu/rations4 ,) ke5ness1 brilliancy1 & di/+ui%$ le>n+1 ,dr4 ,arrh5ius1 a ,nobel ,prize w9n]1 hav+ _h occasion repeat$ly to treat new que/ions ( a cosmological nature1 que/ions l>gely aris5 f new discov]ies & obs]vations )9 ! scope ( a/ronomy1 op5s to ! read] va/ new vi/as1 ?r\gh ! /udy ( ! relation ( ! />s to ! ,milky ,way & ?r\gh obs]vations ( our neighbor planets4 ,g4,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,new ,york ,london ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,! orig9al text conta9s _m *>act]s t _c be r5d]$ prop]ly 9 a #g bit 7ascii7 v]sion ( ! text4 ,acc5t$ *>act]s m>kup s*eme3 ,acc5t$ *>act]s indicate pronunciation4 ,! acc5t$ "* & ! symbol repres5t+ ! acc5t are surr\nd$ ) squ>e brackets4 ,symbols 9 ?is text h be5 plac$ 9 front ( ! "* z ! acc5ts all appe> above ! "*4 ,acc5t ,symbol acute _/ macron breve 7 di>esis 3 circumflex ,greek *>act]s m>kup s*eme3 ,greek *>act]s indicate specific />s )9 a giv5 con/ellation4 ,! ,greek "* has be5 transcrib$ & surr\nd$ ) squ>e brackets4 ,:]e ! transcription result$ 9 an acc5t$ "* ?is "* 0 r5d]$ accord+ to ! "* m>kup s*eme 7above7 & bo? sets ( squ>e brackets 7 reta9$4 ,example e4 ,o!r symbols m>kup s*eme3 ,symbols t repres5t ! v>i\s signs ( ! zodiac 7 r5d]$ accord+ to ! foll[+ example ,symbol3 ,gem9i ,! degree symbol is repres5t$ by deg ,acute acc5t z a s+le "* repres5t$ by '4 ,! ae ligature has be5 exp&$ to ae4 ,sup]script$ *>act]s are prec$$ by a ,corrections made3 ,page #ab ,au iga correct$ to ,auriga4 ,page #aah preceptible correct$ to p]ceptible4 ,page #adh ,oeti correct$ to ,ceti4 ,page #afc cometimes correct$ to sometimes4 ,inconsi/5cies reta9$3 ,alphecca & ,alphacca4 ,gloria ,fr$]ika & ,gloria ,fr$]ica4 ,bull ( ,poniat[skio & ,bull ( ,poniat[ski4