,,! ,,am]ican ,,practical ,,brew] ,,& ,,tann]3 ,,9 ,,:i* ,,is ,,exhibit$ ,,! ,,:ole ,,process ,,( ,brew+ )\t boil+4 ,brew+ /rong ,be] ) ! extract only ( ! ,hop1 leav+ out ! sub/ance4 ,a simple me?od ( giv+ new ,be] all ! qualities ( age1 !reby fitt+ x = ! bottle be=e x is ?ree weeks old4 ,a simple me?od ( prev5t+ ,be] bur/+ ! bottle4 ,an economical mode ( con/ruct+ ,vats above gr\nd1 possess+ ! temp]ature ( ! be/ cell>s & ?us r5d]$ firepro(4 ,an economical mode by :i* e ,h\sekeep] may brew 8 own ,be]4 ,a me?od ( brew+ good ,be] f ,bran & ,%orts1 & ( pres]v+ x4 ,! ,bordeaux me?od ( mak+ & prep>+ ,cl>et ,w9e = %ipp+1 :i* may be successfully appli$ to ! w9es ( ?is c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,kaskaskias4 ,! be/ me?od & season = malt+ ,indian ,corn1 f :i* alone good ,be] c be made1 a process highly important to ,brew]s4 ,! be/ mode ( rais+ ,hops4 ,! be/ mode ( prep>+ ,se$ ,b>ley = s[+4 ,be/ con/ruction & aspect ( ,brew]ies & ,malt ,h\ses 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,fr5* mode ( tann+ ! heavie/ ,soal ,lea!r 9 tw5ty-"o days1 & ,calf ,sk9s 9 ?ree or f\r4 7,highly important47 ,,by ,,joseph ,,copp+]4 ,practical ,brew]4 ,,new-,,york3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,van ,,w9kle ,,& ,,wiley1 ,no4 #c ,wall ,/reet4 #ahae4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,"p ( ! la/ s5t5ce 9 ,footnote #f is illegible & has be5 m>k$ rema9d] ( text is illegible4 ,9 addition1 ! ,cont5ts 7 mov$ f ! re> to ! front ( ?is text = ! conv5i5ce ( ! read]4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,adv]tisem5t #c ,preface #e ,! be/ position = plac+ a brew]y & malt h\se1 also ! be/ aspect1 ) diff]5t arrangem5ts ( ! vessels #aa ,a description ( ! =m & plan ( a brew]y1 di/ribution ( ! vessels2 ! mo/ judici\s & conv5i5t mann] ( plac+ !m1 ) a view to economy1 cleanl9ess1 & effect #ac ,malt h\se1 ! be/ con/ruction (1 ) prop] b>ley l(ts1 dropp+ room1 & floor+1 h[1 & 9 :at mann] made1 & be/ likely to la/ #ah ,wood5 kilns1 h[ con/ruct$ #bc ,a new & economical con/ruction ( vats = keep+ be]1 :i*1 9 ?is way1 may be r5d]$ fire pro(1 :il/ at ! same "t possess+ ! temp]ature ( ! be/ cell>s1 al?\gh above gr\nd #bi ,gr9d+1 h[ sub/itut$ = #ca ,malt+ #cc ,pla9 practical process ( malt+ #dd ,malt+ w9t] b>ley #ej ,malt+ oats ib4 ,malt+ rye ib4 ,malt+ :eat ib4 ,indian corn1 h[ malt$ #ea ,f]m5tation #ed ,hops1 h[ cultivat$ #ii ,b>ley cultivation #aji ,table be] #aab ,small be] = %ipp+ #aac ,keep+ table be] #aad ,small be] ( ! be/ k9d #aaf ,ano!r me?od to brew small be] #aah ,ano!r process = brew+ small be] #abj ,s+le ale & table be] #abc ,/rong be] #abf ,table be]1 ,engli% me?od ( brew+ x #abi ,unboil$ be] #aca ,/rong be]1 brew$ ) ! extract ( hops1 leav+ out ! sub/ance #acd ,table be] = h\sekeep]s1 well wor? _! att5tion #acf ,f]m5t+ & cleans+ 9 ! same vessel #ach ,plate ( ! work] #aci ,a new me?od ( f]m5t+ /rong be]1 t w produce a pure & good liquor #adj ,process ( brew+ ,w9dsor ale1 on a small scale #adb ,read+ be]1 h[ brew$ #ade ,two-p5ny amb] be]1 z brew$ 9 ,london #adg ,london ale1 h[ brew$ #adi ,w9dsor ale1 on a l>ge scale #aea ,wel% ale1 h[ brew$ #aed ,wirtemb]g ale #aef ,hock #aeh ,scurvy grass ale #afj ,dor*e/] ale #afb ,port] #afe ,port] process ,no4 ,i4 #afg ,port] process ,no4 ,,ii4 #agj ,port] process ,no4 ,,iii4 #agb ,port] malt #agd ,port] col\r+ #agf ,/rong be] #ahb ,filt]+ op]ation 7) a ,plate7 #ahi ,return$ be]1 h[ to make ! mo/ ( #aic ,to ,br+ sev]al sorts ( be]1 :5 mix$1 to "o uni=m ta/e #aid ,f9+s1 ! be/ me?od ( prep>+ !m #aie ,head+ #aig ,bottl+ be] #aih ,brew+ copp]s1 ! be/ me?od ( sett+ !m #bjb ,pumps1 ! be/ con/ruction (1 & h[ fre$ f ice 9 w9t] #bje ,cleans+ casks #bjh ,to make mead w9e #baj ,to make g+] w9e #bab ,to make currant w9e #bac ,ye/1 h[ prep>$ to keep good 9 any climate #bad ,to make a sub/itute = brew]'s ye/ #bag ,ano!r me?od #bah ,ano!r me?od #bbj ,process ( mak+ & prep>+ cl>et w9e = %ipp+1 z practic$ 9 ,bordeaux & its neighb\rhood #bba ,brew+ company #bbg ,! au?or's notice ab\t plans & sections ( elevation = brew]ies & malt h\ses #bcj ,fr5* mode ( tann+ #bcb ,errata4 ,9 ! ,adv]tisem5t1 #d? page1 #f? l9e1 fir/ ^w1 = w9e read v9e2 & 9 ! next l9e1 fir/ ^w1 = x read its produce4 ,9 page #be1 #be? l9e1 ! la/ ^w %\ld be omitt$1 & read ?us1 malt or gra9 int5d$ to be dri$ on x1 requir+ less fuel1 c4 ,9 page #cf1 #be? l9e1 fir/ ^w1 = proportion read prep>ation4 ,,s\!rn ,,di/rict ,,( ,,new-,,york1 ss4 ,,be ,,x ,,rememb]$1 t on ! f\rte5? day ( ,septemb]1 9 ! =tie? ye> ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ,joseph ,copp+] ( ! said di/rict1 has deposit$ 9 ?is (fice ! title ( a book1 ! "r :]e( he claims z proprietor1 9 ! words & figures foll[+1 to wit3 ,! ,am]ican ,practical ,brew] & ,tann]3 9 :i* is exhibit$ ! :ole process ( ,brew+ )\t boil+2 ,brew+ ,/rong ,be] ) ! extract only ( ! ,hop1 leav+ out ! sub/ance2 a simple me?od ( giv+ new ,be] all ! qualities ( age1 !reby r5d]+ x fit = ! ,bottle be=e x is ?ree weeks old2 a simple me?od ( prev5t+ ,be] bur/+ ! ,bottle2 an economical mode ( con/ruct+ ,vats above gr\nd1 possess+ ! temp]ature ( ! be/ ,cell>s1 & ?us r5d]$ firepro(2 an economical mode by :i* e ,h\sekeep] may brew 8 own ,be]2 a me?od ( brew+ good ,be] f ,bran & ,%orts1 & ( pres]v+ x2 ! ,bordeaux me?od ( mak+ & prep>+ ,cl>et ,w9e = %ipp+1 :i* may be successfully appli$ to ! v9es ( ?is c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,kaskaskias2 ! be/ me?od & season = malt+ ,indian ,corn1 f :i* alone good ,be] c be made1 a process highly important to ,brew]s2 ! be/ mode ( rais+ ,hops2 ! be/ mode ( prep>+ ,se$ ,b>ley = s[+2 be/ con/ruction ( ,brew]ies & ,malt ,h\ses 9 ?is c\ntry2 ! ,fr5* mode ( tann+ ! heavie/ ,soal ,lea!r 9 tw5ty-"o days1 & ,calf ,sk9s 9 ?ree or f\r--highly important4 ,by ,joseph ,copp+]1 ,practical ,brew]4 ,9 con=mity to ! act ( ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 entitl$ ,an act = ! enc\ragem5t ( le>n+1 by secur+ ! copies ( maps1 *>ts1 & books to ! au?ors & proprietors ( su* copies1 dur+ ! times !re9 m5tion$2 & also to an act entitl$ an act1 supplem5t>y to an act1 entitl$ an act = ! enc\ragem5t ( le>n+1 by secur+ ! copies ( maps1 *>ts1 & books1 to ! au?ors & proprietors ( su* copies1 dur+ ! times !re9 m5tion$1 & ext5d+ ! b5efits !re( to ! arts ( design+1 engrav+1 & et*+ hi/orical & o!r pr9ts4 ,,!ron ,,rudd1 ,cl]k ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new-,york4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,s9ce writ+ ! ,preface1 ,i h be5 induc$ to make an addition to ?is little "w1 9 ord] to increase its usefulness1 by giv+ ! ,fr5* mode ( tann+1 z practis$ by ! fam\s ,mr4 ,segu9e4 ,( su* importance did ! ,academy ( ,arts & ,sci5ces at ,p>is consid] ?is improvem5t1 t !y ?\ght x wor? :ile to appo9t a committee ( _! own memb]s to g d[n to "o ( ! prov9ces :]e ?is g5tleman resides1 & !re1 on ! spot1 sup]9t5d 8 op]ations1 :i* !y did ) m9ute att5tion2 & x is f ! j\rnal ( _! reports to ! academy1 t ! diff]5t processes ( tann+ lea!r 9 ?is +5i\s arti/'s way are "h giv52 an improvem5t t c1 no d\bt1 be successfully appli$ to t important manufacture 9 ?is c\ntry1 af=d+ ! tann] ! opportunity ( turn+ 8 capital twelve or f\rte5 times 9 a ye>1 in/ead ( once4 ,?is s+le advantage alone s =cibly recomm5ds its adoption1 p>ticul>ly 9 a c\ntry l ours1 :]e capital is sc>ce1 t fur!r comm5t is unnecess>y4 ,i h also add$ ! ,bordeaux me?od ( mak+ & prep>+ cl>et w9e = %ipp+1 z practis$ 9 t city & its vic9ity2 :i* practice may possibly h]eaft] be successfully appli$ to ! r$ w9es ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! m s1 :5 x is kn[n t 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xvi41 ! m]*ants ( ,bordeaux pres5t$ a memorial to t mon>*1 pray+ him to put a /op to ! importation ( ! w9es ( ,kaskaskias into ,france1 z likely1 if p]mitt$1 to be injuri\s to ! trade ( ,bordeaux4 ,!re 0 at t "t a ,college ( ,jesuits e/abli%$ 9 t c\ntry1 ! sup]iors ( :i* caus$ ! w9e to be cultivat$ ) great success1 & quantities ( x 7 at t "t s5t to ,france4 ,z t t]ritory is n[ 9 our possession1 & its soil & climate peculi>ly fav\rable to ! gr[? ( ! grape1 :i* is indig5\s !re1 may x n be an object well wor? ! att5tion ( our gov]nm5t1 to enc\rage & improve ! gr[? ( ! w9e 9 t section ( ! union2 :i* wise measure w\ld1 probably1 9 a few ye>s1 supply our own consumption1 & leave a consid]able surplus = exportation4 ,to (f] an apology = giv+ ^! subjects a place 9 ?is publication1 seems :olly unnecess>y1 :5 _! importance is consid]$4 ,,preface4 ,brew+1 9 e c\ntry1 ^: soil & climate are cong5ial to ! production ( ! raw mat]ials1 %\ld be rank$ among ! fir/ objects ( its dome/ic & political economy4 ,if any p]son d\bt ! tru? ( ?is position1 ,i h only to reque/ him to ca/ an eye on ,engl&1 :]e ! brew+ capital is e/imat$ at m ?an fifte5 millions /]l+2 & ! gross annual rev5ue1 aris+ f ?is capital1 at sev5 million five hundr$ ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 includ+ ! hop1 malt1 & extract duties4 ,not)/&+ ?is enorm\s excise ( #ej p] c5t4 on ! brew+ capital1 :at imm5se =tunes h be5 made1 & are daily mak+1 9 t c\ntry1 z well z 9 ,irel& & ,scotl&1 by ! intellig5t & judici\s practice ( ?is m ?an useful art4 ,yet h[ mu* /rong] inducem5ts = simil> e/abli%m5ts 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e we h no duty on ! raw mat]ials1 or ! extract2#a & :]e ! important article ( hops is rais$ 9 z high p]fection z 9 any "p ( ,europe1 & (t5 = "o ?ird ( ! price paid 9 ,engl&4 ,b a /ill m important consid]ation is ! heal? & morals ( our population1 :i* appe>s to be ess5tially connect$ ) ! progress ( ! brew+ trade4 ,9 pro( ( ?is ass]tion1 ,i w beg leave to /ate a well kn[n fact2 :i* is1 t 9 proportion z ! consumption ( malt liquors h increas$ 9 our l>ge t[ns & cities1 9 t proportion has ! heal? ( our fell[ citiz5s improv$1 & epidemics & int]mitt5ts1 become less frequ5t4 ,! same obs]vation holds good z respects ! c\ntry1 :]e x is well kn[n t ^? families t brew _! own be]1 & make a free use ( x ?r\gh ! summ] are1 9 g5]al1 all heal?y1 & pres]ve _! col\r2 :il/ _! less =tunate neighb\rs1 :o d n use be] at all1 are dev\r$ by fev]s & int]mitt5ts4 ,^! facts w be less d\bt$1 :5 x is kn[n t ye/1 prop]ly adm9i/]$1 has be5 f\nd s+ul>ly successful 9 ! cure ( fev]s4 ,?is ! practice ( ! ,rev4 ,doctor ,t[ns5d1 9 ,engl&1 places beyond all d\bt1 :]e he /ates1 t 9 fifty fev] cases t occurr$ 9 8 own p>i%1 7"s ( :i* 7 ( ! mo/ malignant k9d17 he only miss$ a cure 9 two or ?ree1 by adm9i/]+ ye/4 ,hav+ consid]$ ! produce ( ! brew]y z x is connect$ ) heal?1 we may1 ) equal propriety1 say x is n less s ) morals2 & its enc\ragem5t & ext5sion1 z an object ( great national importance1 _c be too /rongly recomm5d$1 z ! mo/ natural & effectual rem$y to ! too great use ( ard5t spirits1 ! baneful effects ( :i* are too g5]ally kn[n1 & too ext5sively felt1 to ne$ any p>ticul> description "h4 ,! f>m] & ! m]*ant w alike f9d _! acc\nt 9 enc\rag+ & improv+ ! produce ( ! brew]y4 ,! f>m] c raise no crop t w pay him bett] ?an hops2 z1 "u prop] managem5t1 he may reasonably expect to cle>1 ( a good ye>1 "o hundr$ doll>s p] acre4 ,b>ley w also prove a good crop1 if prop] att5tion be paid to se$1 soil1 & "t ( s[+4 ,! m]*ant w alike f9d 8 acc\nt 9 enc\rag+ ! brew]y1 f ! _m advantages d]ivable f an ext5sive export ( its produce to ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! ,brazils1 b p>ticul>ly to ,russia1 :]e good be] is 9 great dem&2 l>ge quantities are annually s5t !re f ,engl&1 at a mu* high] rate1 x may be presum$1 ?an we c\ld af=d to supply !m f ?is c\ntry4 ,all ^! consid]ations unit$ seem =cibly to recomm5d giv+ ! brew]ies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates e possible enc\ragem5t & ext5sion4 ,"h1 x is b ju/ice to /ate1 t ! brew]s ( ,new-,york des]ve mu* cr$it = ! high improvem5t !y h made 9 ! quality ( _! malt liquors )9 a few ye>s1 :i* seem to ju/ify ! hope t !y w cont9ue ^! advances to excell5ce1 until !y realise ! op9ion ( ,combrune & o!rs1 t x is possible to produce a malt w9e4 #a ,save five p] c5t4 on brew]y sales--a w> tax4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,malt ,h\se4 ,b ,kiln4 ,c ,dropp+ ,room4 ,d ,mill ,h\se4 ,e ,brew]y4 ,f ,work+ ,/ore4 ,g ,vat ,h\se & ,dry ,/ore4 ,h ,b$ ,room4 ,i ,(fice4 ,k ,dwell+ ,h\se4 ,l ,hop ,room4 ,m ,/able4 ,n ,brew+ ,y>d4 ,o ,coop]'s ,%$4 ,p ,/eep4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,practical ,,brew] ,,& ,,tann] ,! be/ position = plac+ a ,brew]y & ,malt h\se1 also ! be/ aspect1 ) diff]5t arrangem5ts ( ! ,ut5sils4 ,cleanl9ess be+ z ess5tial 9 ! brew]y z 9 ! dairy1 x is ( ! greate/ importance1 nev] to lose sight ( x 9 e "p ( ! op]ations1 & p>ticul>ly 9 select+ ! gr\nd & soil to place a brew]y on4 ,! situation to be pref]r$ %\ld be an elevat$ "o1 & ! soil ei!r s& or gravel1 z x is ( great importance 9 ! pres]vation ( be] t ! cell>s be dry & suffici5tly v5tilat$ by w9d[s prop]ly dispos$4 ,if ! cell>s ( ! brew]y be "u gr\nd1 x w\ld be v desirable to h !m kept sweet & clean by prop]ly con/ruct$ sew]s1 )\t :i*1 pump+ by a h& or a horse p[] is a poor sub/itute1 z by ?is means 7:i* we f9d too common 9 brew]ies7 ! wa%+s ( ! cell>s h "t to become putrid1 p>ticul>ly 9 summ]1 emitt+ ! mo/ (f5sive & un:olesome effluvia1 contam9at+ ! atmosph]e1 & frequ5tly endang]+ bo? ! heal? & lives ( ! workm54 ,?is is a s]i\s evil1 & %\ld 9 all cases1 z mu* z possible1 be avoid$4 ,x is true1 !re are times1 :5 a *oice ( situation _c be made2 9 t case1 circum/ances mu/ be submitt$ to1 & p d ! be/ !y c4 ,! cell>s & cool]s ( ! brew]ies 9 ?is c\ntry %\ld h a nor!rn aspect1 & ! cell>s pr9cipally v5tilat$ f ea/ to we/4 ,! w9d[s on ! s\? side ( cell>s %\ld be always close %ut 9 summ]1 & only occasionally op5$ 9 w9t]2 ! floors ( cell>s %\ld be pav$ ) ei!r tile or brick1 ^! be+ m susceptible ( be+ kept clean ?an ei!r pavem5t or flags1 & n s subject to get out ( ord]4 ,suppos+ ! brew]y to h all its cell>s above gr\nd1 :i* ,i conceive to be n only practicable1 b1 9 _m cases1 pref]able to hav+ !m "u1 z m economical1 & m cleanly1 p>ticul>ly :]e vats = keep+ /rong be] are con/ruct$ on ! plan h]e9 aft] recomm5d$1 9 :i* x is expect$ ! temp]ature necess>y = keep+ be] w be z securely pres]v$ above1 z "u gr\nd1 & ! erections s con/ruct$1 z n only to be air1 b fire pro(4 7,see description ( ^! vats47 ,a description ( ! =m & plan ( a ,brew]y1 di/ribution ( ! ,vessels1 ! mo/ judici\s & conv5i5t mann] ( plac+ !m1 ) a view to economy1 cleanl9ess1 & effect4 ,! be/ plan ( a well-con/ruct$ brew]y ,i conceive to be t ( a holl[1 or oblong squ>e1 :]e all is enclos$ by "o or two gateways1 7! latt] ! mo/ complete17 p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,! fir/ gateway1 =m+ ! brew]y entrance1 to pass ?r\gh ! dwell+ h\se2 ! second1 or correspond+ gateway1 to pass ?r\gh ! opposite side ( ! squ>e1 into an out] y>d1 well enclos$ ) walls & %$s1 conta9+ coop]'s %op1 c4 :]e all ! empty casks might be securely pres]v$ f ! injury ( w9d & wea!r4 ,?is y>d %\ld be fur!r suffici5tly l>ge to af=d room = a hay reek1 firewood1 dung1 c4 ,! brew]y (fice %\ld be plac$ 9 ! passage ( ! out] gateway1 s t e ?+ go+ 9 & out might be se5 by ^? :o are 9 ! (fice4 ,! dwell+ h\se1 vat h\se1 & work+ /ore1 to =m "o side ( ! brew]y4 ,! malt h\se1 ano!r4 ,! kiln h\se1 dropp+ room1 & /able1 a ?ird side4 ,! brew]y1 mill h\se1 & hop room1 to =m ! f\r? side2 ?us complet$1 x w\ld =m a squ>e1 & af=d security to :atev] 0 conta9$ )9 x1 :5 ! gates are lock$4 ,! sky cool] is1 g5]ally1 ! mo/ elevat$ vessel 9 ! brew]y1 & :5 prop]ly con/ruct$1 is ( great importance 9 facilitat+ bo? brew+ & malt+ op]ations1 z x usually supplies ! :ole quantity ( wat] want$ 9 bo?4 ,x comm&s ! copp]1 &1 ( c\rse1 all ! o!r vessels ( ! brew]y3 x may be s con/ruct$ z to =m a complete ro( to ! mill l(t1 & 9 t situation be mo/ conv5i5tly plac$ = be+ fill$ f ! wat] ci/]n1 :i* %\ld be plac$ contigu\s to ! mill walk1 & s rais$ to ! sky cool] by "o or m pumps work$ by ! mill1 ) a "o1 two1 or ?ree horse p[]1 accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! lev]1 & ! diamet] ( ! mill4 ,sky1 or wat] cool]s1 9 g5]al1 are squ>e vessels1 made ( ! be/ two in* p9e plank1 prop]ly jo9t$1 f tw5ty to tw5ty-five feet squ>e1 laid on /rong joi/s suffici5tly close1 & trunnel$ d[n 7aft] press+7 ) wood5 trunnels f end to end1 to prev5t />t+ or w>p+2 ! joi/s are support$ by a c\ple ( /rong beams1 equally spac$2 ! sides ( ^! cool]s are g5]ally rais$ f eighte5 in*es to two feet2 9 ,europe !y are g5]ally lead$ on _! inside1 b ?is exp5se may be sav$1 if !y are prop]ly made at fir/1 & aft]w>ds kept con/antly full ( wat]4 ,9 con/ruct+ ^! cool]s1 all ! jo9ts %\ld be paid ) :ite pa9t be=e lay+1 & ! sides bolt$1 & screw$ d[n2 ! bett] & easi] to effect :i*1 ! ?ickness ( ! sides may be ?ree in*es aft] ! saw2 !re %\ld be a ro(+ all r\nd ! sides1 to protect !m f ! wea!r2 ! bottom ( ! sky cool] %\ld comm& ! copp] back1 :i* %\ld be made to =m ! cov] ( ! copp]1 & to hold a complete *>ge ( ! same4 ,^! vessels1 :5 prop]ly con/ruct$1 are extremely useful 9 prev5t+ wa/e & accid5ts by boil+ ov]1 also af=d+ to ! brew]1 ! opportunity ( boil+ 8 wort z fi]cely z he pleases--a v important advantage 9 brew+ port] & /rong be]4 ,a description ( ?is back is n necess>y1 z e set coop]1 :o kn[s 8 bus9ess1 is well acqua9t$ ) ! prop] con/ruction ( ?is vessel4 ,! /uff x is made ( %\ld be two in*es ?ick1 well season$1 & ( ! be/ p9e plank4 ,?us plac$ on ! copp]1 x %\ld =m a complete cov]1 wat] & /eam tight1 s t :5 ! copp] boils ov]1 x w run into ! back1 & return aga9 by a plug hole into ! copp]4 ,! copp] cock %\ld be suffici5tly elevat$ to comm& ! hop cool]2 ! latt] ! wort cool]s1 ,no4 #a & #b4 ,by ?us runn+ ! worts f "o cool] to ano!r1 y af=d !m ! opportunity ( deposit+ 9 ea* _! fecul5cies1 & com+ ne>ly f9e to ! f]m5t+ tuns1 :i* %\ld be suffici5tly elevat$ above ! tr\ghs & casks to be fill$1 s t ! op]ation ( cleans+ may be easily p]=m$ by "o or m lead]s1 to communicate ) a two or ?ree pip$ tun di%1 capable ( fill+ two or ?ree casks at a "t4 ,! mill /ones1 or metal roll]s1 %\ld be suffici5tly elevat$ to gr9d into ! malt b91 plac$ ov] ! ma% tun1 :i* b9 %\ld be suffici5tly capaci\s to hold ! :ole gri/ ( malt :5 gr\nd2 ?is b9 is g5]ally con/ruct$ 9 ! =m ( a hopp]1 ) a slide at ! bottom1 to let ! malt into ! ma% tun :5 ! wat] is ready1 by be+ cool$ d[n to its prop] temp]ature4 ,i w\ld recomm5d mak+ ! ma% tun %all[1 s t ! diamet] %all be ?ree times z long z ! /aff ( ! sides1 above ! false bottom4 ,to ! ma% tun !re %\ld be a cov]1 9 two or m pieces1 accord+ to size4 ,! receiv]1 or und]bank1 :i* is plac$ "u ! ma% tun1 %\ld be suffici5tly elevat$ above gr\nd1 s z to enable ! dirty or wa%+ wat] to run (f f its bottom by a plug hole4 ,! f]m5t+ tuns %\ld be plac$ 9 a room :]e !re is a fireplace1 s z to raise ! temp]ature 9 cold wea!r2 ea* tun %\ld be cribb$ on its sides1 ) a /ation>y cov] on ! top4 ,! cribs %\ld be made to answ] ! sweep ( ! vessel1 & to be put on or (f z occasion1 or ! temp]ature ( ! season1 may require4 ,9 "o corn] ( ! work+ /ore1 ,i w\ld recomm5d to h plac$ a set ( dra9s1 two 9 numb]1 "o ov] ! o!r2 ! l[] dra9 %\ld be suffici5tly elevat$ to get a bucket "u x1 s z to draw (f its cont5ts by a plug hole1 plac$ at "o corn] ( ea* dra94 ,^! dra9s w soon pay = !mselves1 by ! quantity ( ye/ t w be deposit$ on !m1 at ea* "t ( draw+ !m (f1 :ile ! liquor w get f9e1 & may be appli$ 9 a v>iety ( ways1 to answ] ! purposes ( ! brew]1 :at 9 fill+1 />t+ 9 ! tun1 vatt+1 c4 ,malt ,h\se1 ! be/ con/ruction (1 ) prop] ,b>ley ,l(ts1 ,dropp+ ,room1 & ,floor+1 h[1 & 9 :at mann] made1 & be/ likely to la/4 ,malt h\ses int5d$ to be annex$ to brew]ies1 %\ld n be on a less scale ?an sixty feet long1 by tw5ty-five feet wide4 ,unless !re be a prop] proportion ( floor+ to "w ! gra9 k9dly & mod]ately1 good malt is n to be expect$4 ,two-floor$ h\ses are g5]ally pref]r$ to any o!r con/ruction2 w\ld recomm5d plac+ ! /eep outside ! h\se1 to be communicat$ ) f ! l[] floor by means ( an ar* way or w9d[2 ! /eep s plac$ %\ld be cov]$ ) a tight ro(2 ! be/ mat]ials = mak+ a /eep are good brick1 well gr\t$2 ! wall %\ld be f\rte5 in*es ?ick at lea/2 ?is k9d ( /eep w be f\nd f> sup]ior to wood1 z n liable to leak1 or be work$ on by rats2 ! sides & ends ( ?is /eep %\ld be c>efully pla/]$ ) t>rass mort>2 ! bottom may be laid ) flag1 tiles1 or brick4#b ,two b>ley l(ts1 ! :ole l5g? ( ! malt h\se1 w be f\nd highly conv5i5t1 z af=d+ suffici5t room to diff]5t l>ge p>cels ( b>ley1 & scre5+ ! same f l(t to l(t z x desc5ds into ! /eep ov] wire scre5s2 a contrivance ,i h f\nd ( great advantage 9 ! malt+ op]ation1 z f9i%+ ! clean+ ( ! b>ley be=e gett+ into ! /eep1 a precaution t %\ld nev] be omitt$4 ,! bottom ( ! scre5 %\ld be cas$ ) wood1 communicat+ f l(t to l(t ) a sack fa/5$ to hooks at ! l[] end to receive all ! dirt & scre5+s t may pass ?r\gh ! scre5s4 ,! ,dut* & ,g]man malt/]s g5]ally pref] hav+ _! l[] or work+ floor "u gr\nd2 b ?is ,i take to be a bad plan1 unless 9 elevat$ situations1 or :]e ! soil is dry & gravelly2 = if any spr+ ( wat] or damp arises 9 ! malt-h\se floor1 or walls s plac$1 ! injury to ! malt is v great1 & %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/4 ,x is also v important to lay a solid f\ndation = y\r l[] floor ) /ones1 brick bats1 or co>se gravel1 :i* %\ld be solidly compact$ by ramm+ = ! :ole l5g?1 !n levell$ (f by /akes1 ) a t5-foot level1 to ! ?ickness y w\ld wi% to give y\r floor--say ?ree or f\r in*es3 ! =m] ?ickness1 say ?ree in*es1 w be f\nd suffici5t4 ,lay y\r fir/ coat on two in*es ?ick ) hair mort>2 :5 ?is coat becomes suffici5tly /iff1 :i* w happ5 )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 y are to beg9 to lay y\r second or la/ coat ( "o in* ?ick ov] ! fir/1 to be prep>$ z foll[s3 ,take ,ro*e1 or unslak$ lime1 "o "p1 by measure2 f9e pit s&1 "o "p2 cl9k]1 or =ge du/1 f9ely p[d]$1 two p>ts2 clay or lome1 by measure also1 "o "p3 let ^! diff]5t +r$i5ts 7tak+ ! precaution ( fir/ slak+ ! ,ro*e lime7 be well mix$ toge!r1 & !n scre5$ by a wire scre51 c>efully keep+ out ( ! mixture all lumps & /ones2 ! :ole may be !n work$ up ) a due proportion ( wat]1 obs]v+ t ?is k9d ( mort> _c be too mu* work$ or mix$ toge!r1 nor too little wett$1 j suffici5t to "w freely ) ! pla/]+ tr[el2 ! :ole floor %\ld1 if possible1 be laid 9 "o day1 & = ?is purpose sev]al h&s %\ld be employ$2 9 :i* case x w dry m equally & firmly4 ,z soon z ! floor beg9s to set1 & t x w be> a bo>d on x1 )\t s9k+ 91 y %\ld beg9 to p\nd x 9 all directions1 f end to end1 ) p\nd]s made ( two-in* plank1 sixte5 in*es long1 & f n9e to twelve in*es wide1 ) a long h&le rea*+ brea/ high1 & to be plac$ 9 ! middle ( ?is bo>d2 ?us ! op]ation ( p\nd+ w proce$ )\t /oop+ or mu* lab\r4 ,"o or two m51 ) pla/]+ tr[els1 %\ld foll[ ! p\nd]s1 wett+ x ) skimm$ milk z !y g1 & set ! floor z ev5 & close z possible4 ,if ^! two op]ations be well conduct$ !re w n be f\nd a s+le crack 9 ! :ole floor f end to end1 :i* is ( great importance to secure ! mak+ ( good malt4 ,ea* l(t %\ld h uprights "u ! c5tre ( all ! beams f end to end ( ! h\se2 ?is precaution is necess>y to prev5t ! swagg+ or crack+ ( ! upp] floor4 ,trap doors %\ld be plac$ at prop] di/ances 9 ! upp] malt-h\se floor1 to facilitate ! %ovell+ ( ! c\*es f ! l[] to ! upp] floor4 ,a well con/ruct$ kiln is ( great importance to insure a successful result to ! malt+ op]ation1 & if l>ge en\gh to dry (f ea* /eep at "o ca/ s mu* ! bett]4 ,! mo/ approv$ cov]+ = malt kilns 9 ,engl& 7al?\gh n ! mo/ economical7 is hair clo?1 z x is ass]t$1 x dries ! pale/ & sweete/ malt4 ,_m pref] tiles1 z less exp5sive & m la/+2 o!rs dry on bo>d$ floors1 & if ?is con/ruction be well manag$1 ,i take x to be z good z any1 & mu* *eap] ?an ei!r tiles or hair clo?4 7,see description page #bc47 ,! dropp+ room = receiv+ ! malt z x comes (f ! kiln may be con/ruct$ diff]5t ways2 b ,i take x t a gr\nd floor cov]$ ) a two in* plank well jo9t$1 & prop]ly laid1 is pref]able to a l(t = keep+ malt1 & 9 ?is situation might be heap$ to any dep? )\t injury or dang] ( break+ d[n4 ,malt ?us kept1 if well dri$ be=e com+ (f ! kiln1 is nev] 9 dang] ( heat+ or gett+ slack4 ,! common mode ( keep+ malt is 9 b9s situat$ on upp] l(ts1 (t5 injur$ by leaks f ! ro(1 & at all times liable to ! depr$ations ( rats1 :i* 9 ! o!r way c be effectually gu>d$ aga9/1 & is a highly important object ( precaution to be tak5 by ! brew]4 ,%\ld weevils at any "t get into1 or g5]ate 9 y\r malt1 :i* is common :5 held ov] beyond twelve or eighte5 mon?s1 ! simple/ & easie/ way ( gett+ rid ( !m1 is to place f\r or five lob/]s on y\r heap ( malt1 ! smell ( :i* w soon compel ! weevils to quit ! malt1 & take refuge on ! walls1 f :i* !y c be swept ) a broom into a %eet or table clo? laid on ! malt1 & s tak5 (f4 ,x is ass]t$1 t by ?is simple contrivance n "o weevil w rema9 9 ! heap4 ,malt int5d$ = brew+ %\ld be always scre5$ be=e gr9d+2 & = ?is purpose x is a good contrivance to scre5 x by means ( ! horse mill1 z x runs f ! hopp] to ! roll]s or /ones to be gr\nd1 ! exp5se ( :i* app>atus is comp>atively no?+ :5 comp>$ to ! advantages aris+ f x4 #b ,by "s ?is con/ruction ( a /eep may be ?\ght too de>2 9 t case1 a r\gh wood5 "o may be sub/itut$1 :i*1 in/ead ( plac+ outside ! h\se1 ,i w\ld place on ! upp] floor ( ! malt h\se1 s z to af=d ! opportunity ( gett+ d[n its cont5ts to ! l[] floor by means ( a plug hole1 :i* w save ! lab\r ( %ovell+2 b 9 summ]1 :5 ?is /eep is n employ$1 x %\ld be fill$ ) lime wat] to prev5t leak+1 & to keep x sweet4 ,wood5 ,kilns1 h[ con/ruct$4 ,! be/ =m = ^! kilns is ! circul>4 ,i w suppose ! diamet] sixte5 feet2 y con/ruct y\r fire-place suitably to ! burn+ ( wood at ab\t t5 feet outside y\r kiln h\se1 suffici5tly elevat$ on iron b>s to secure ! draft ( ! fire place1 f :i* runs a proportionate siz$ flue into ! kiln1 communicat+ ) a circul> flue :i* is close cov]$ at top1 & r\nds ! kiln on ! inside at ! di/ance ( two feet f ! wall2 on bo? sides ( ?is circul> flue holes are left1 at ! di/ance ( twelve or sixte5 in*es ap>t1 on bo? sides1 to let out ! smoke & heat2 ! plat=m or floor ( ?is kiln is rais$ ab\t f\r or five feet above ! top ( ! flue1 & is made ( ?ree qu>t] in* bo>ds1 tongu$ & groov$1 support$ by joi/s two in*es broad1 & n9e in*es deep1 plac$ at proportion$ di/ances1 to give solidity to ! floor4 ,! floor or plat=m ( ?is kiln %\ld be c>efully laid1 & well nail$2 9 ?is floor %\ld be plac$ a wood5 *imney1 n9e in*es squ>e1 on ! mo/ conv5i5t "p ( ! inside next ! wall1 ) a wood5 regi/] at a conv5i5t di/ance3 ?is *imney is int5d$ to let (f ! great smoke t arises 9 ! kiln at fir/ light+ fire1 p>ticul>ly if ! wood be moi/ or gre54 ,:5 ?is has gone (f1 & ! fire burns cle>1 ! regi/] may be %ut )9 a few in*es1 9 ord] to keep up a small draft4 ,x w\ld h be5 prop] to /ate t joi/s1 int5d$ to support ! floor ( ?is kiln1 %\ld be levell$ (f to "o in*1 top & bottom1 s z give ! fire a bett] *ance to act ^u ! malt2 ^! joi/s %\ld be fur!r paid z soon z1 or be=e1 lay+ d[n1 ) a /rong solution ( alum wat]2 z also ! bottom face ( ! bo>ds laid on !m1 :i* %\ld be fir/ plan$2 ! inside ( ! *imney & regi/] %\ld be also paid ) ! alum solution4 ,on ! top ( ! kiln %\ld be plac$ a v5tilator to draw (f ! /eam ( ! malt1 ?is may be done by means ( a loov] or c[2 ! latt] turns ) ! w9d1 ! =m] is /ation>y4 ,!re %\ld be skirt+ bo>ds1 n9e in*es deep1 to lie close to ! floor & walls ( ! kiln1 pla/]$ ) hair mort> on ! top4 ,?is con/ruction ( kiln has be5 introduc$ by ! ,dut*1 & w be f\nd ! mo/ economical ( any1 jo9$ to ! peculi> advantage ( be+ capable ( dry+ malt ) any k9d ( fuel1 )\t dang] ( communicat+ any sort ( bad flav\r to ! gra91 :ile ! heat c be securely rais$ to #abj degrees )\t any dang] ( ignition or burn+2 a high] heat is n want$ to dry pale malt4 ,( ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i h "s d\bts1 z wood is a non-conductor ( heat1 & possibly is n susceptible ( transmitt+ su* a heat to ! malt )\t dang] ( ignition4 ,i %\ld ?9k t ?9 metal plates1 "o foot squ>e1 ca/ s z to lap on ea* o!r1 or tiles1 ( ! same make or =m1 w\ld be a bett] cov]+2 !y c]ta9ly w\ld convey ! heat m rapidly & securely to ! malt or gra9 int5d$ to be dri$ on x1 nev] requir+ less fuel ?an ! wood5 cov]+1 & preclud+ all dang] ( fire4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,a ,a ,a ,a gr\nd section ( ! vats4 ,b ! section ( elevation4 ,a new & economical con/ruction ( ,vats = keep+ ,be]1 :i*1 9 ?is way1 may be r5d]$ fire pro(1 :il/1 at ! same "t1 x secures a temp]ature = ! liquor equal1 x is expect$ to ! be/ vaults3 x fur!r af=ds ! conv5i5ce ( hav+ !m above gr\nd4 ,^! vats may be con/ruct$ 9 diff]5t =ms1 ei!r squ>e1 oval1 or r\nd2 ! latt] ,i %\ld pref]1 z /rong]1 & less liable to leak4 ,^! circul> vats1 to save exp5se1 may be b\nd ) wood hoops in/ead ( iron ones ! splay to be giv5 !m z little z possible b>ely suffici5t to h ! hoops tight1 & ! vessel /aun*4 ,! bottoms ( ^! vats %\ld be elevat$ at lea/ ?ree & a half1 or f\r feet f ! gr\nd1 & solidly b$d$ 9 clay1 e>?1 or s&2 ! clay1 if conv5i5t1 to be pref]r$4 ,z ! e>? rises1 at e five or six in*es1 ar\nd ^! vats1 x %\ld be firmly p\nd$ d[n & compress$1 z 9 ! case ( tann]s' vats2 & ?is mode ( surr\nd+ ! vats ) dry e>? well p\nd$ & ramm$ is cont9u$ to ! top2 a /\t1 close1 well-fitt$ cov] ( two in* plank is !n plac$ on ea* vat1 ) a hole sixte5 in*es squ>e1 to let a man d[n occasionally2 ?is hole %\ld h a %ort trunk ( an in* & a half plank firmly nail$ to its sides1 & ab\t f\rte5 in*es high2 !n a cov]+ ( e>?1 twelve in*es deep1 %\ld be plac$ all ov] ! tops ( ^! vats1 & ?is e>? well ramm$ & compact$ toge!r2 & :5 levell$ (f1 cov]$ ) composition or a floor ( tiles4 ,ea* ( ! trap doors %\ld h a well-fitt$1 wood5 cov] on ! top1 ) a r+ ( iron 9 ! c5tre2 ?is cov] %\ld be made fire pro( on ! outside4 ,! brick wall 9 front ( ^! vats ne$ n1 ,i appreh5d1 exce$ f\rte5 in*es ?ick1 if ( brick1 j suffici5t to resi/ ! =ce ( pressure f ramm+ ! clay2 vats ?us plac$1 ) _! cont5ts1 may be consid]$ fire pro(1 & possess+ z cool a temp]ature z if plac$ fifte5 feet "u gr\nd2 jo9$ to ?is1 !y w la/ six times z long z ^? 9 cell>s or vaults1 al?\gh b\nd 9 iron1 at a consid]able high] exp5se4 ,two ranges ( ^! vats may be plac$ 9 "o h\se1 leav+ a suffici5t space = a passage 9 ! c5tre1 ) a w9d[ at ea* end to light x4 ,i h nev] be=e ei!r he>d or read ( ?is con/ruction2 b ,i h little hesitation 9 say+ x w 9 _m cases be f\nd pref]able to ! pres5t mode ( plac+ vats--x be+ m conv5i5t1 cleanly1 economical1 & secure1 &1 to all int5ts & purposes1 z effectual 9 po9t ( temp]ature z ^? exp5sively plac$ deep "u gr\nd4 ,"u ! inside ( ! head ( ^! vats1 & across ! jo9ts1 %\ld run a piece ( scantl+ six in*es wide1 & f\r in*es deep1 ) an upright ( ! same dim5sions 9 ! c5tre1 9 ord] to support ! cov]+ on ! head1 & to prev5t s9k+1 or swagg+1 f ! weight ( ! cov]+ t w be necess>ily plac$ ov] !m1 :i* w be f six to t5 in*es ?ick4 ,gr9d+1 h[ sub/itut$ =4 ,malt1 = brew+1 may be prep>$ 9 ?ree diff]5t ways1 by gr9d+1 bruis+1 or p\nd+2 mod]n practice1 h[ev]1 almo/ univ]sally gives ! pref]5ce to bruis+ betwe5 metal roll]s4 ,?is pref]5ce1 :]e malt is ( ! v fir/ quality1 may be ju/ifi$2 b :]e x is ( an inf]ior quality1 :i* is b too g5]ally ! case1 gr9d+ ) /ones is pref]able1 z m capable ( produc+ a f9e gri/1 :i*1 ) indiff]5t malt1 is important1 z x w always produce a ri*] extract1 by be+ f9ely1 r ?an co>sely gr\nd2 & x is m soluble 9 wat] ( suitable temp]ature ?an t malt :i* is only bruis$ or crack$1 & = ?is simple reason1 t all imp]fect-made malt has a great proportion ( its bulk unmalt$1 &1 ( c\rse1 9 a crude h>d /ate1 :i* w p>tially dissolve 9 wat] if gr\nd f9e1 b w n dissolve at all if only crack$ or bruis$4 ,a fur!r object ( ! brew]'s att5tion %\ld be to prev5t ! disp]sion1 or wa/e1 ( ! f9] p>ts ( ! malt1 s apt to fly (f 9 ! gr9d+1 if n prev5t$ by hav+ ! malt b9 close cov]$1 z well z ! sp\t lead+ into x f ! /ones2 trifl+ z ?is precaution may seem1 x is well wor? ! brew]'s att5tion4 ,"h x may n be improp] to obs]ve1 t 9 all cases ( horse1 or cattle mills1 :]e ! %aft ( ! ma9 :eel is p]p5dicul>1 no bett] +r$i5t c be plac$ 9 ! *amb] ( ! l[] box ?an quick silv]1 :i* is f> sup]ior to oil or grease1 & w n require r5ew+ = a long "t4 ,! brass ( a mill1 manag$ 9 ?is way1 might be expect$ to la/ tw5ty ye>s1 & ! movem5t smoo!r & easi]4 ,?is economical sub/itute = oil & grease c1 ) equal advantage1 be appli$ to wat] mills1 :e!r _! %afts be horizontal or p]p5dicul>2 9 a ^w1 to all k9ds ( ma*9]y1 :]e ! pres]vation ( ! gudgeons & brasses are an object4 ,malt+4 ,! production ( good malt is1 )\t "q1 ! key-/one ( ! ar* ( brew+2 !re=e ! brew]'s att5tion %\ld be inv>iably direct$ to ?is po9t1 z ! mo/ difficult & important "p ( 8 op]ations4 ,! process ( mak+ malt is an artificial or =c$ vegetation1 9 :i*1 ! ne>] we approa* nature 9 h] ord9>y progress1 ! m c]ta9ly %all we arrive at ! p]fection ( :i* ! subject is capable4 ,! f>m] pref]s a dry season to s[ 8 small gra91 t ! common moi/ure ( ! e>? may b g5tly ins9uate itself into ! pores ( ! gra91 & !nce gradually dispose x = ! reception ( ! future %[]1 & ! action ( vegetation4 ,! malt/] _c proce$ by su* sl[ degrees1 b makes an imm]sion 9 wat] a sub/itute = ! moi/ure ( ! e>?1 :]e a few h\rs infusion is equal to _m days employ$ 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( vegetation1 & ! gra9 is accord+ly remov$ z soon z x appe>s fully saturat$1 le/ a solution1 &1 consequ5tly1 a de/ruction ( "s ( its p>ts %\ld be ! effect ( a long] cont9uance 9 wat]1 in/ead ( t sep>ation1 :i* is begun by ! introduction ( wat]y p>ticles into ! body4 ,7 x to be spread ?9 aft] ?is removal1 x w\ld become dry1 & no vegetation w\ld ensue2 b be+ ?r[n into ! c\*1 a k9d ( vegetative f]m5tation comm5ces1 :i* g5]ates heat1 & produces ! fir/ appe>ance ( a vegetation4 ,?is /ate ( ! b>ley is ne>ly ! same ) t ( _m days cont9uance 9 ! e>? aft] s[+1 b be+ 9 s l>ge a body1 x requires occasionally to be turn$ ov] & spread ?9n]2 ! =m]1 to give ! outw>d p>ts ( ! heap _! %>e ( ! acquir$ w>m? & moi/ure1 bo? ( :i* are less5$ by exposure to ! air2 ! latt]1 to prev5t ! progress ( ! vegetative to ! putrefactive f]m5tation1 :i* w\ld be ! consequ5ce ( suff]+ x to proce$ beyond a c]ta9 degree4 ,to supply ! moi/ure ?us cont9ually decreas+ by evaporation & consumption1 an occasional1 b sp>+1 spr9kl+ ( wat] %\ld be giv5 to ! floor1 to recruit ! langui%+ p[]s ( vegetation1 & imitate ! %[] ^u ! cornfield2 b ?is %\ld n be too (t5 repeat$2 =1 z 9 ! field1 too mu* ra91 & too little sun1 produces rank /ems & ?9 e>s1 s "h w\ld too mu* wat]1 &1 ( c\rse1 too little dry w>m?1 accel]ate ! gr[? ( ! malt1 s z to occasion ! extraction & loss ( su* ( its valuable p>ts z1 by a sl[] process1 w\ld h be5 duly sep>at$ & left beh9d4 ,by ! sl[ mode ( conduct+ vegetation "h recomm5d$1 an actual & m9ute sep>ation ( ! p>ts takes place2 ! g]m9ation ( ! radicles & acrospire c>ries (f ! cohesive prop]ties ( ! b>ley1 !reby contribut+ to ! prep>ation ( ! sac*>9e matt]1 :i* x has no t5d5cy to extract1 or o!rwise injure1 b to increase & meliorate1 s long z ! acrospire is conf9$ )9 ! husk2 & by z mu* z x is want+ ( ! end ( ! gra91 by s mu* does ! malt fall %ort ( p]fection2 & 9 proportion z x is advanc$ beyond1 is t purpose defeat$4 ,?is is v evid5t to ! mo/ common obs]vation1 on exam9+ a k]nel ( malt1 9 ! diff]5t /ages ( its progress4 ,:5 ! acrospire has %ot b half ! l5g? ( ! gra91 ! l[] "p only is conv]t$ into t mell[ sac*>9e fl\r we are solicit\s (1 :il/ ! o!r half exhibits no o!r signs ( x ?an ! :ole k]nel did at its fir/ g]m9ation3 let x advance to two ?irds ( ! l5g?1 & ! l[] end w n only h increas$ its sac*>9e flav\r1 b w h proportionably ext5d$ its bulk1 s z to h left "o ?ird "p unmalt$4 ,?is1 or ev5 less ?an ?is1 is cont5d$ = by _m malt/]s1 z a suffici5t advance ( ! acrospire1 :i*1 !y say1 has done its bus9ess1 s soon z x has pass$ ! middle ( ! k]nel4 ,b we ne$ seek no fur!r = _! conviction ( error1 ?an ! exam9ation "h allud$ to4 ,let ! k]nel be slit d[n ! middle1 & ta/$ at ei!r end :il/ gre51 or let ! effects ( ma/ication be tri$ :5 x is dri$ (f2 :5 ! =m] w be f\nd to exhibit ! appe>ances j m5tion$1 ! latt] to discov] ! unwr\ght p>ts ( ! gra91 9 a /ony h>dness1 :i* has no o!r effect 9 ! ma% tun1 ?an t ( imbib+ a l>ge proportion ( ! liquor1 & contribut+ to ! ret5tion ( ^? sac*>9e p>ts ( ! malt :i* are 9 contact ) x2 :5ce x is a rational inf]5ce1 t ?ree bu%els ( malt1 imp]fect 9 _! proportion1 are equal b to two ( t :i* is c>ri$ to its utmo/ p]fection4 ,by ?is is meant ! f>!/ advance ( ! acrospire1 :5 x is j bur/+ f its conf9em5t1 be=e x has effect$ its enl>gem5t4 ,! k]nel is !n uni=m 9 its int]nal appe>ance1 & ( a ri* sweetness1 9 flav\r equal to any ?+ we c conceive obta9able f imp]fect vegetation4 ,if ! acrospire be suff]$ to proce$1 ! mealy sub/ance melts into a liquid sweet1 :i* soon passes into ! blade1 & leaves ! husk entirely exhau/$4 ,! sweet ?us produc$ by ! infant ef=ts ( vegetation1 & lo/ by its m p[]ful action1 revives1 & makes a second appe>ance 9 ! /em1 b is !n too mu* disp]s$ & alt]$ 9 its =m to answ] any ( ! kn[n purposes ( art4 ,! p]iods ( its p]fect appe>ance are 9 bo? cases rem>kably critical4 ,x is at fir/ p]fect at ! in/ant ! k]nel is go+ to s5d =? ! acrospire1 & =m itself into ! future blade2 x is aga9 discov]$ p]fect :5 ! e> is lab\r+ at its extrication1 & ha/5+ ! production ( ! yet un=m$ k]nels2 9 ?is x appe>s1 ! m$ium ( nature's *emi/ry1 equally employ$ by h] 9 h] mutation ( ! k]nel into ! blade1 & h] =mation ?us ( o!r k]nels1 by :i* %e effects ! completion ( t circle to :i* ! op]ations ( ! vegetable _w are limit$4 ,7 we to inquire by :at means ! same b>ley1 ) ! same treatm5t1 produces unequal portions ( ! sac*>9e matt] 9 diff]5t situations1 we %\ld p]haps f9d x pr9cipally ow+ to ! diff]5t qualities ( ! wat] us$ 9 malt+1 "s ( :i* are s mu* bett] suit$ to ! quality ( ! gra9 ?an o!rs1 t ! diff]5ce is truly a/oni%+4 ,h>d wat] is v unfit = e purpose ( vegetation1 & s(t w v>y its effects accord+ to ! pr$om9at+ quality ( its impregnations4 ,pure elem5t>y wat] is 9 itself suppos$ to be only ! vehicle ( ! nutrim5t ( plants1 ent]+ at ! capill>y tubes ( ! roots ris+ into ! body1 & "h deposit+ its acquir$ virtues1 p]spir+ by innum]able f9e pores at ! surface1 & !nce evaporat+ by ! pure/ di/illation into ! op5 atmosph]e1 :]e x beg9s anew its r\nds ( collect+ fre% prop]ties1 9 ord] to its prep>ation = fre% s]vice4 ,?is !ory leads u to ! consid]ation ( an attempt to increase ! natural quantity ( ! sac*>um ( malt by adv5titi\s means2 b x mu/ be obs]v$1 on ?is occasion1 t no addition to wat] w rise into ! vessels ( plants1 b su* z w pass ! filt]1 ! pores ( :i* appe>+ some:at simil> to ! f9e /ra9]s ( absorb+ vessels employ$ by nature 9 h] nic] op]ations2 we by analogy conclude1 t prop]ties s intimately bl5d$ ) wat] z to pass ! "o1 w ent] & unite ) ! economy ( ! o!r1 & vice v]sa4 ,suppos+ ! malt to h obta9$ its utmo/ p]fection1 accord+ to ! crit]ion "h inculcat$1 to prev5t its fur!r progress1 & secure x 9 t /ate1 we are to call 9 ! assi/ance ( a heat1 suffici5t to de/roy ! action ( vegetation1 by evaporat+ e p>ticle ( wat]1 & !nce leav+ x 9 a /ate ( pres]vation fit = ! pres5t or future purpose ( ! brew]4 ,?us hav+ all its moi/ure extract$1 & be+ by ! previ\s process depriv$ ( its cohesive prop]ty1 ! body ( ! gra9 is left a m]e lump ( fl\r1 s easily divisible t1 ! husk be+ tak5 (f1 a m>k may be made ) ! k]nel1 z ) a piece ( s(t *alk4 ,! extractable qualities ( ?is fl\r are sac*>um1 closely unit$ ) a l>ge quantity ( ! f>9ace\s mucilage peculi> to bread corn1 & a small portion ( oil envelop$ by a f9e e>?y sub/ance1 ! :ole readily yield+ to ! impression ( wat]1 appli$ at diff]5t times1 & diff]5t degrees ( heat1 & ea* "p pr$om9at+ 9 proportion to ! "t & mann] ( its application4 ,9 ! cur+ ( malt1 z no?+ m is requisite ?an a total extrication ( e wat]y p>ticle1 if we _h 9 ! season prop] = malt+ a sun heat suffici5t to produce p]fect dryness1 x 7 practicable to produce be] ne>ly col\rless2 b t be+ want+1 & ! =ce ( cu/om hav+ made x necess>y to give our be]s v>i\s t9ctures & qualities result+ f fire1 = ! accommodation ( v>i\s ta/es1 we are necessitat$ to apply su* heats 9 ! dry+ z %all n only answ] ! purpose ( pres]vation1 b give ! complexion & prop]ty requir$2 to effect ?is ) c]ta9ty1 & precision1 ! introduction ( ! !rmomet] is necess>y1 b ! real advantages ( its application are only to be kn[n f exp]im5t1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5t con/ruction ( diff]5t kilns1 ! irregul>ity ( ! heat 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same kiln1 ! dep? ( ! malt1 ! di/ance ( ! bulb ( ! !rmomet] f ! floor2 = ?\gh simil> heats w produce simil> effects 9 ! same situation1 yet ! di/ribution ( heat 9 e kiln is s irregul>1 t ! m$ium spot = ! local situation ( ! !rmomet] z a /&>d1 _c be easily fix$ = asc]ta9+ effects ^u ! :ole4 ,t done1 ! sev]al degrees1 necess>y = ! purposes ( port]1 amb]1 pale be]s1 c4 are easily discov]$ to ! utmo/ exactness1 & become ! c]ta9 rule ( future practice4 ,?\gh cu/om has laid ?is arbitr>y injunction ( v>iety on our malt liquors1 x may n be amiss to intimate ! losses we (t5 su/a91 & ! inconv5i5ce we combat 9 our ob$i5ce to h] m&ates4 ,! fur!r we pursue ! deep] t9ts ( col\r by an increase ( heat1 beyond t :i* simple pres]vation requires ! m we injure ! valuable qualities ( ! malt4 ,x is well kn[n t scor*$ oils turn black1 & t calc9$ sug> assumes ! same complexion2 simil> effects are producible 9 malts1 9 proportion to ! increase ( heat1 or ! "t ( _! cont9u+ expos$ to x4 ,! p>ts ( ! :ole be+ s intimately unit$ by nature1 an injury _c be done to ! "o )\t affect+ ! o!r2 accord+ly we f9d t su* p>ts ( ! subject z might h be5 sev]ally extract$ = ! purpose ( a m intimate union by f]m5tation1 are1 by great heat 9 cur+1 burn$ & bl5d$ s effectually toge!r1 t all discrim9ation is lo/--! unf]m5table are extract$ ) ! f]m5table1 ! integrant ) ! con/itu5t1 to ! v great loss ( spirituosity & transp>5cy4 ,9 pal] malts ! extract+ liquor produces a sep>ation1 :i* _c be effect$ 9 br[n1 :]e ! p>ts are s incorporat$1 t unless ! brew] is v acqua9t$ ) _! sev]al qualities & atta*m5ts1 he w br+ ov] ) ! burn$ mixture ( sac*>9e & mucilag9\s pr9ciples1 su* an abundance ( ! scor*$ oils1 z no f]m5tation c att5uate1 no precipitants remove2 = be+ !mselves imp$im5ts to ! action ( f]m5tation1 !y less5 its efficacy2 & be+ ( ! same specific gravity ) ! be]1 !y rema9 susp5d$ 91 & incorporat$ )1 ! body ( x--an (f5ce to ! eye1 & nausea to ! palate1 to ! late/ p]iod4 ,f ?is acc\nt x is evid5t ! dry+ ( malt is an article ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce conc]n+ ! prop] degree ( heat to be employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,mr4 ,combrune has relat$ "s exp]im5ts made 9 an e>!n pan1 ( ab\t two feet diamet]1 & ?ree in*es deep1 9 :i* 0 put z mu* ( ! pale/ malts1 v unequally gr[n1 z fill$ x to ! brim4 ,?is be+ plac$ ov] a *>coal fire1 9 a small /ove1 & kept cont9ually /irr$ f bottom to top1 exhibit$ diff]5t *anges accord+ to ! degrees ( heat employ$ on ! :ole4 ,he concludes1 t true g]m9at$ malts are *>r$ 9 heats betwe5 "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five1 & "o hundr$ & eighty degrees1 & t z ^! correspond to ! degrees 9 :i* pure alcohol1 or ! f9e/ _s ( ! gra9 itself boils1 or dis5gages itself !refrom1 !y may po9t out to u ! reason ( b>ley be+ ! fitte/ gra9 = ! purpose ( brew+4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts1 ,mr4 ,combrune has con/ruct$ a table ( ! diff]5t degrees ( ! dryness ( malt1 ) ! col\r occasion$ by ! diff]5ce ( heat4 ,?us1 malt expos$ to "o hundr$ & n9ete5 degrees1 is :ite2 to "o hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r1 cream col\r2 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e1 light yell[2 "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r1 amb] col\r2 "o hundr$ & ?irty-eight1 br[n2 "o hundr$ & fifty-two1 high br[n2 "o hundr$ & fifty-sev51 br[n1 incl9+ to black2 "o hundr$ & sixty-two1 high br[n speckl$ ) black2 "o hundr$ & sev5ty-"o1 col\r ( burn$ c(fee2 "o hundr$ & sev5ty-six1 black4 ,?is acc\nt n only %[s u h[ to judge ( ! dryness ( malt by its col\r2 b also1 :5 gri/ is compos$ ( sev]al k9ds ( malt1 :at effect ! :ole w h :5 bl5d$ toge!r by extraction4 ,exp]i5ce proves t ! less heat we employ 9 dry+ malt1 ! %ort] "t w be requir$ be=e ! be] t is brew$ f x is fit to dr9k1 & ?is w be accord+ to ! foll[+ table3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,a table giv+ ! heats ( diff]5t col\r$ malts1 & ! "t be] takes to rip5 :5 brew$ f !m4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- #abd ,degrees #a ,mon?4 #ach ,degrees #f ,mon?s4 #aeb ,degrees #ae ,mon?s4 #acj ,degrees #c ,mon?s4 #adc ,degrees #g ,mon?s4 #aeg ,degrees #bj ,mon?s4 #acd ,degrees #d ,mon?s4 #adh ,degrees #aj ,mon?s4 #afb ,degrees #cb ,mon?s4 ,! pla9 practical process ( ,malt+ pale ,malt1 accord+ to ! mo/ approv$ ,engli% me?od4 ,suppose y are ab\t to malt spr+ or summ] b>ley1 & t y\r /eep conta9s sixty bu%els4 ,! "t g5]ally all[$ = ?is k9d ( gra9 to rema9 9 /eep is f =ty to =ty-eight h\rs1 tak+ c>e to give two wat]s2 ! fir/ wat] is to cont9ue on ! gra9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !n run (f1 & fre% wat] put on4 ,?is precaution is ess5tially necess>y1 9 ord] to make clean bright malt1 & %\ld nev] be omitt$4 ,x is fur!r "r1 at ea* wat]+1 to skim (f ! surface ( ! wat] ! light gra91 *aff1 & se$ we$s1 t are f\nd float+ on x2 all ?is k9d ( tra%1 :5 suff]$ to rema9 9 ! /eep1 is a real injury to ! malt1 & consid]ably depreciates its value :5 (f]$ = sale1 & n less s :5 brew$4 ,! dep? ( wat] ov] ! b>ley 9 ! /eep ne$ n exce$ two or ?ree in*es1 b %\ld n be less4 ,:5 ! b>ley has rema9$ 9 /eep ! necess>y "t1 ! wat] is let (f by a plug hole at ! bottom ( ! /eep1 ) a /ra9] on ! inside ( ! hole2 :5 ! b>ley is ?us suffici5tly /ra9$1 x %\ld be let d[n by a plug hole 9 ! bottom ( ! /eep into ! c\* frame on ! l[] floor1 7or adjo9+ to x1 :i* w\ld be ! bett] con/ruction17 :i* is no m ?an a squ>e or oblong inclosure ( in* & a half bo>ds l$g$ toge!r1 & ab\t two feet deep1 ( suffici5t capacity to hold ! cont5ts ( ! /eep1 & s plac$1 9 upright grooves1 z to %ip & un%ip 9 ?is frame4 ,! /eep$ b>ley is to rema9 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 ! frame1 :5 x %\ld be broke out1 & c>efully turn$ f ! bottom to ! top1 ne>ly ( ! same ?ickness x 0 9 ! frame1 n less ?an sixte5 or eighte5 in*es1 :]e x %\ld be suff]$ to rema9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs long]1 or until ! g]m9ation beg9s to appe>3 b ?is w be always %ort] or long]1 accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! season1 & is g5]ally asc]ta9$ by s9k+ y\r h& t[>ds ! middle ( ! heap1 & br++ up a h&ful ( ! gra91 :i*1 if regul>ly g]m9at$1 w make its appe>ance 9 e gra9 ( b>ley1 by appe>+ :ite at "o end2 at ?is /age ( ! process1 7suppos+ ! temp]ature ( y\r malt h\se sixty degrees17 ! heap %\ld be ext5d$ on ! floor1 to ! ?ickness ( eight in*es2 aft] :i* x %\ld be turn$ ?ree or f\r times a day1 accord+ to ! season1 & ! progress ( vegetation2 gradually r$uc+ ! ?ickness ( ! c\* to f\r or five in*es2 b x %\ld be rem>k$1 t z soon z ! root beg9s to dry & )]1 ! wat]+ pot is to be us$2 ! judici\s managem5t ( :i* is "o ( ! mo/ important p>ts ( ! process ( malt+1 & %\ld be paid p>ticul> att5tion to4 ,"o wat]+1 well appli$1 w1 9 mo/ cases1 answ] ! purpose4 ,two ?irds ( ! :ole quantity ( wat] %\ld be giv5 to ! upp] surface ( ! c\*1 !n turn x1 & give ! rema9+ ?ird ( ! wat] to ! c\* :5 turn$4 ,! :ole quantity ( wat] to be us$ = sixty bu%els ( ,am]ican spr+ b>ley1 may be av]ag$ at fifty-f\r gallons2 ?is quantity w1 consequ5tly1 all[ ?irty-six gallons to be z ev5ly di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( ! c\* = ! fir/ wat]1 z possible2 ! rema9+ eighte5 gallons to be put on 9 ! same way3 :5 ! c\* is turn$ aft] ?is la/ wat]+1 ! :ole c\* %\ld be turn$ back aga92 ?us1 9 e turn+1 ! bottom & top %\ld always ex*ange places4 ,9 ?is /age ( ! process1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to turn ! c\* frequ5tly1 to prev5t ! gr[? ( ! root1 9 ord] to give ! great] facility to ! gr[? ( ! blade1 x be+ ess5tially requisite to keep t ( ! root /ation>y1 to prev5t a wa/e ( /r5g? 9 ! gra94 ,?ree or f\r days aft] wat]+1 is g5]ally f\nd a suffici5t "t = ! blade to gr[ fully up to ! end ( ! gra92 f>!r ?an :i* x %\ld n be suff]$ to proce$4 ,! c\* %\ld be n[ *eck$ 9 its gr[?1 & ?r[n on ! second or )]+ floor1 :]e x %\ld be laid ?91 & frequ5tly turn$2 ?is cont9u$ op]ation w br+ x dry & sweet to ! kiln1 to :i* x may be committ$ )\t fur!r delay4 ,al?\gh ! common practice is to ?r[ x up into :at is commonly t]m$ a sweet-heap1 & s rema9 f twelve to tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 or until y c h>dly be> y\r h& 9 x2 !n1 & n be=e1 is x consid]$ fit to g on ! kiln4 ,?is is a practice t _c be too mu* condemn$1 or too g5]ally explod$1 z produc+ ! v wor/ consequ5ces2 a few ( :i* ,i w m5tion4 ,gre5 malt1 ?us treat$1 becomes 9 a mann] decompos$2 & be] brew$ f su* malt w nev] keep long1 acquir+ a disagreeable1 nause\s flav\r1 rapidly t5d+ to acidity1 beside becom+ unusually high col\r$4 ,al?\gh ! malt1 be=e gr9d+1 w h all ! appe>ance ( pale malt1 ?is quality c be easily acc\nt$ = by ! high heat ! malt is suff]$ to acquire 9 ! heap be=e putt+ x on ! kiln4 ,:at ,i h "h m5tion$ w1 ,i tru/1 suffice to recomm5d a m judici\s mode ( practice4 ,=ty-eight h\rs = malt to rema9 on ! kiln is en\gh1 z pale malt c be completely dri$ 9 t "t1 if frequ5tly turn$1 & prop]ly att5d$ to4 ,x is fur!r wor?y ( rem>k1 t b>ley malt %\ld 9 no case exce$ fifte5 or sixte5 days f ! /eep to ! kiln1 & is (t5 m successfully effect$ 9 twelve or ?irte5 days4 ,! common practice ( malt/]s is to all[ tw5ty "o days1 :i* g5]ally br+s ! gre5 malt 9 a m\ldy /ate to ! kiln1 to ! great injury ( flav\r & pres]vation 9 be] brew$ f su* malts2 :]eas1 ! gra9 %\ld be br\ght z sweet & dry z circum/ances w all[ ( to ?is la/ & important op]ation ( malt+1 e "p ( :i* requires m9ute & cont9u$ att5tion4 ,:5 y suppose y\r malt suffici5tly dry1 make a r\nd space 9 ! c5tre ( y\r kilnca/ by %ovell+ ! malt to ! extremities2 aft] :i*1 sweep ?is space1 & %ovel back aga9 y\r malt f ! walls & angles into x2 make a r\nd heap ( ! :ole on ! c5tre ( y\r kiln1 sweep y\r kiln all r\nd ! foot ( y\r heap2 s let x /& two h\rs1 !n ?r[ x (f2 ?is la/ op]ation is p]=m$ to give e *ance = equal dry+4 ,! practice ( _m malt/]s is to take sev5ty two h\rs to dry _! pale malt1 keep+ all ! "t a v sl[ & slack fire1 ?is is ano!r capital error1 & %\ld be correct$ ) ! =m] ones4 ,v>i\s are ! op9ions ent]ta9$1 z to ! be/ mode ( pres]v+ malt aft] com+ (f ! kiln3 "s are ( op9ion t ! circumambi5t air %\ld h a free access to x2 ?is op9ion1 ,i admit1 might h weight if su* malt 0 to be imm$iately brew$2 b :]e x is all[$ to rema9 9 heap = f\r or five mon?s1 & gradually become cool1 ! less air admitt$ to h access to x ! bett]2 ?is has be5 ! practice & op9ion ( ! mo/ judici\s malt/]s ,i h be5 acqua9t$ )1 &1 consequ5tly1 is :at ,i w\ld recomm5d1 except 9 ! case ( imm$iate use1 :]e exposure becomes necess>y1 p>ticul>ly aft] gr9d+1 z malt s treat$ w be> a high] liquor1 & yield a m pres]v+ extract4 ,w9t] ,b>ley4 ,to avoid useless & unnecess>y repetitions1 x is en\gh simply to /ate1 t w9t] b>ley1 be+ a weak] bodi$ gra9 ?an summ]1 requires less wat]+1 consequ5tly1 a less "t 9 /eep1 say #cf to #dj h\rs1 & ab\t #cb gallons ( wat] to sixty bu%els w be suffici5t on ! floor2 ! o!r treatm5t ! same4 ,oats ! same1 ) ab\t #bd gallons ( wat] on ! floor1 = sixty bu%els1 divid$ z direct$ 9 ! case ( summ] & w9t] b>ley2 ! rema9+ "p ( ! process ! same4 ,rye ,malt4 ,rye may be /eep$ #dh h\rs1 ) #dh gallons ( wat] on ! floor2 ! rema9d] ( ! process ! same1 quantity ( gra9 sixty bu%els4 ,:eat4 ,! above "t 9 /eep1 & same proportion ( wat] on ! floor1 w answ] to make :eat malt1 suppose #fj bu%els1 v>y+ some:at accord+ to season1 ! "t ( /eep+1 & br++ to ! kiln2 ! rema9d] ( ! process ! same4 ,indian ,corn ,malt1 a valuable auxili>y to ,brew+ mat]ials4 ,?is species ( gra9 well manag$1 & made into malt1 w be f\nd alike useful to ! brew] & di/ill]1 b x is peculi>ly adapt$ to ! brew+ ( port]2 fur!r1 x is kn[n to possess m sac*>9e matt] ?an any o!r gra9 us$ 9 ei!r brew+ or di/ill+1 jo9$ to ! advantage ( n int]f]+ ) ! season = malt+ b>ley1 z ?is %\ld comm5ce :5 ! =m] ceases4 ,! summ] mon?s are ! fitte/ = malt+ ?is k9d ( gra91 & c be only v defectively made at any o!r season1 z x requires a high temp]ature to =ce g]m9ation1 & cause x to give out all its sweet4 ,! foll[+ process1 x is expect$1 w be f\nd to answ] e purpose wi%$ =3 suppose y\r /eep to conta9 sixty bu%els1 aft] y h levell$ x (f1 let on y\r wat] z direct$ 9 malt+ b>ley2 y %\ld give fre% wat] to y\r /eep at ! end ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,if x is s\!rn corn y are malt+1 x w require to rema9 9 /eep sev5ty-two h\rs 9 ! :ole2 if x be nor!rn corn1 x w require n9ety-six h\rs1 !re be+ a consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! d5sity ( ^! two k9ds ( gra92 ! h>de/1 ( c\rse1 requires ! mo/ wat]2 &1 9 all cases1 ! fre%] ,indian corn is f ! cob ! bett] x w malt4 ,:5 y h accompli%$ ! necess>y "t 9 y\r /eep1 y let (f y\r wat]2 &1 :5 suffici5tly dra9$1 let x d[n 9 y\r c\* frame1 :]e x w require turn+ once 9 twelve h\rs1 9 ord] to keep x ( equal temp]ature2 ! dep? ( ! gra9 %\ld be ab\t two feet & a half 9 ! frame2 z x beg9s to g]m9ate & gr[1 op5 y\r frame1 & ?9 x d[n at e turn+1 until y r$uce its ?ickness to six or sev5 in*es2 ?us ext5d+ x on y\r l[] floor1 turn+ x m frequ5tly1 z ! gr[? is rapid4 ,! vegetation ( ! gra91 toge!r ) ! turn+1 w by ?is "t make ! wat]+ pot necess>y2 ! crit]ion by :i* y w judge ( its fitness = ! wat]1 is z soon z y p]ceive ! root or acrospire beg9s to )]4 ,two ?irds ( y\r wat] is to be di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( y\r c\* = ! fir/ wat]+1 :i* w require ?irty-two gallons1 & :5 turn$ back aga91 sixte5 gallons = ! second wat]+1 mak+ 9 ! :ole =ty-eight gallons ( wat] to sixty bu%els ( corn4 ,?is wat] %\ld be put on ) a g>d5]'s wat]+ pot1 z equally z possible4 ,suppos+ ?is pot to conta9 f\r gallons1 x w make eight pots = ! fir/ wat]+1 & f\r = ! second4 ,9 ?is /age ( ! op]ation ! turn+s on ! floor %\ld be v frequ5t1 9 ord] to keep ! gra9 cool1 z ! heat ( ! wea!r1 at ?is season1 w be suffici5t to promote & p]fect ! vegetation4 ,! second day aft] ! fir/ wat]+1 if ! blade is n suffici5tly gr[n1 wat] aga91 b 9 less quantity1 say "o half4 ,x w be n[ f\r or five days m be=e ! c\* is ready = ! kiln1 :i* w be asc]ta9$ by ! blade becom+ ! full l5g? ( ! corn4 ,aft] ?is x %\ld be ?r[n on ! upp] floor1 & suff]$ to )] = a c\ple ( days1 turn+ x frequ5tly2 by ?is "t ! blade w h a yell[ appe>ance1 ! gra9 w become t5d]1 &1 if ta/$1 be f\nd uncommonly sweet2 9 ?is /ate x may be committ$ to ! kiln1 & dri$ 9 ! usual way4 ,n4 ,b4 ,x w g5]ally take t5 days aft] x is out ( ! /eep to p]fect ! malt+ ( s\!rn corn1 & twelve days = nor!rn4 ,f]m5tation4 ,not)/&+ t progress ( improvem5t 9 ! doctr9e ( f]m5tation has1 9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 f> surpass$ any ?+ 9 ! same p]iod t prec$$ x1 we h /ill mu* to le>n4 ,f]m5tation is ! in/rum5t or means :i* nature employs 9 ! decomposition ( vegetable & animal bodies1 or r$uction ( !m to _! orig9al elem5ts1 or fir/ pr9ciples4 ,f]m5tation is1 !re=e1 a spontane\s sep>ation ( ! compon5t p>ts ( ^! bodies1 & is "o ( ^? processes t is conduct$ by nature = _! resolution1 & ! comb9ation & f]m5tation ( o!r bodies out ( !m2 !re=e1 x is "o ( ^! op]ations 9 :i* nature is cont9ually pres5t1 & go+ on be=e our eyes2 ?is may be "o reason t a v critical obs]vance ( x has escap$ our att5tion4 ,f]m5tation br+s u acqua9t$ ) ?is un]r+ axiom2 t no?+ 9 nature is lo/2 or t matt]1 ( :i* all ?+s are compos$1 is inde/ructible4 ,= in/ance1 ! v9\s process ( f]m5tation1 succe$$ by di/illation1 produces ard5t spirits1 or alcohol1 ! elem5ts ( :i* are "h describ$4 ,if we pass ?is alcohol1 or spirits ( w9e1 ?r\gh a glass1 porcela91 or metallic tube1 heat$ "r hot1 provid$ ) a suitable cond5s] & app>atus to sep>ate & conta9 ! p>ts or products1 x w be decompos$ & resolv$ into its primitive elem5ts1 c>bonic acid gas1 or fix$ air1 & hydrog5 gas1 or inflammable air2 ! oxyg5 be+ decompos$ & unit$ ) ! oxyg51 or vital air1 into c>bonic acid gas2 ! wat] ( ! _s ( w9e be+ also decompos$1 or resolv$ into its fir/ pr9ciples z h]e9 is /at$1 =ms a "p ( ! produce be=e m5tion$4 ,h5ce spontane\s f]m5tation1 v9\s1 acet\s1 & putrefactive1 is ! natural decomposition ( animal & vegetable matt]s1 to :i* a c]ta9 degree ( fluidity is necess>y2 = :]e vegetable & animal sub/ances are dry1 z sug> & glue = in/ance1 & are kept s1 no f]m5tation ( any k9d succe$s4 ,!re c be no d\bt t spontane\s f]m5tation fir/ taught mank9d ! means ( procur+ w9e & o!r agreeable bev]age2 obs]vation & indu/ry ! means ( mak+ _s & v9eg>1 ! fir/ ( :i* is evid5tly ! produce ( art1 comb9$ ) ! op]ations ( nature4 ,) nature = our guide1 & our own +5uity1 f]m5tation has be5 made subs]vi5t to ! v>i\s products we n[ obta9 f sac*>9e & f]m5table matt]s1 su* z sug>1 molasses1 gra91 ) :i* we h made w9e1 spirits1 bread1 be]1 malt1 c42 :i* la/ has mu* facilitat$ our practice 9 f]m5tation1 b prov$ ! tide-end+1 or po9t ( /agnation to its fur!r improvem5t4 ,rely+ too mu* on malt$ gra9 9 ! op]ation ( f]m5tation1 we are pres5t$ ) "s ( ! mo/ pleas+ & in/ructive ph5om5a ( nature2 ! resolutions & comb9ations t are =m$ dur+ ! process ( ! v9\s & acet\s /ages ( f]m5tation1 are int]e/+1 beyond comp>ison1 to ! brew]1 malt & molasses di/ill]s1 v9tag]1 cid] & v9eg> mak]1 c4 ,! ela/ic fluids & volatile pr9ciples t are extricat$ & escape1 =m]ly s little att5d$ to1 are n[ bett] und]/ood4 ,! me?od ( commodi\sly sav+1 & advantage\sly apply+ !m1 & o!r volatile products1 to ! improvem5t ( ! f]m5t+ & o!r fluids1 w1 ,i hope1 n only =m a new era 9 ! progress ( f]m5t+1 brew+1 di/ill+1 c4 b a new s\rce ( pr(it1 t may1 9 "t1 lead to a recomposition ( ^? elem5ts f :i* !y 7 produc$1 or1 at lea/1 ! f]m5tation ( v9\s fluids1 v9eg>1 _s1 c4 by resort+ to an inexhau/ible s\rce suppli$ by nature1 ( ^! important mat]ials1 & _! application to ! uses t may be made ( t abundance s easily procurable1 & at pres5t s unpr(itably wa/$4 ,b to cont9ue our views to ! bus9ess imm$iately be=e u1 let u beg9 ) ! sev]al products1 by /at+ t c>bonic acid gas1 or fix$ air1 is copi\sly extract$ f fluids 9 a /ate ( v9\s f]m5tation1 & sundry m9]al & vegetable sub/ances1 easily procurable1 = :i* we h ! te/imony ( our own s5ses2 ! same may be said ( hydrog5 gas1 oxyg5 gas1 c4 ,presum+ ^! positions grant$1 let u make a %ort inquiry into ! composition ( v9\s fluids1 c4 ,appreh5d+ !re are b few p to :om ^! obs]vations w be useful1 b :at w all[ t all v9\s fluids1 :e!r int5d$ = be]1 w9e1 cid]1 c4 are ! produce ( sac*>9e matt]1 or f]m5table matt] obta9$ f ! sug> cane1 gra91 fruit1 c4 & ! "p :i* art at pres5t takes 9 ?is beautiful process ( nature1 is to facilitate h] op]ations 9 proportion to obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 9 con=mity to ! object 9 view1 9 mak+ w9e1 be]1 cid]1 _s1 c42 or1 subsequ5t to ! v9\s1 to =w>d ! progress ( ! acet\s f]m5tation = ! production ( v9eg>4 ,! sac*>9e or f]m5table matt] ( vegetables1 consi/s 9 :at is *emically call$ hydrog5 gas1 or inflammable air2 c>bonic acid gas1 or fix$ air2 oxyg5 gas1 or vital air2 :i* la/ =ms ne>ly "o ?ird "p ( ! :ole atmosph]e1 circumvolv+ our globe 9 :i* we brea!2 or1 m exactly1 ?irty-sev5 p>ts ( oxyg51 & sev5ty-?ree ( azotic gas1 are ! compon5t p>ts ( our atmosph]e1 except ! small proportion ( undecompos$ c>bonic acid gas !re may be f\nd 9 x4 ,be]1 w9e1 cid]1 malt & molasses wa%1 & o!r product by di/illation2 _s consi/s ( ^! ?ree ela/ic fluids or airs1 9 composition ) v>i\s proportions ( wat]4 ,wat] itself is a comp\nd ( vital & inflammable air2 a pro( ( ?is1 & ( ! inde/ructibility ( matt]1 ^! two ela/ic fluids burn$ toge!r1 9 c]ta9 proportions1 & 9 a prop] app>atus1 reproduce wat]4 ,by ano!r *emical process1 ?is v wat] is r$ucible to ^! two sub/ances1 vital & inflammable air2 h5ce1 we see1 t all sac*>9e & f]m5table matt]1 & _! products1 by f]m5tation1 are compos$ ( ! same mat]ials1 & resolvable into ! same elem5ts4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to give any def9ition ( spontane\s f]m5tation1 aft] :at has be5 said on ! subject2 if x 01 ,i w\ld say x is t t5d5cy :i* all f]m5table matt] has to decomposition1 att5d$ ) inte/9e motion or ebullition1 :5 suffici5tly dilut$ ) wat]1 "u a c]ta9 temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e1 ! rapidity ( :i* motion is always accompani$ by an increase ( temp]ature1 or ! *ange to a great] degree ( heat g5]at$ )9 ! body ( ! f]m5t+ fluid1 9 proportion to ! rapidity or augm5tation ( motion or ebullition excit$4 ,f]m5tation produc$ by ! addition ( ye/1 or any o!r suitable f]m5t1 9 a fluid duly prep>$1 is gov]n$ by ! same laws1 & "u ! same influ5ce ( temp]ature1 except :5 x is accel]at$ or protract$ by ! managem5t ( ! op]ator1 or by ! *anges induc$ by ! influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e1 r5d]$ m or less subs]vi5t to 8 purposes1 & produces a simil> k9d ( _s by di/illation1 possess+ 9 common ! prop]ties ( v9\s _s1 or is conv]t$ to v9eg> by ! subsequ5t process ( acet\s f]m5tation1 b mu* m productive 9 quantity & quality1 s z to answ] comm]cial purposes4 ,9 bo? spontane\s & excit$ f]m5tation1 !re is a simil> escape ( a l>ge quantity ( ela/ic fluid1 or c>bonic acid gas1 ) a consid]able proportion ( _s1 & "s ( ! wat] ( ! f]m5t$ fluid4 ,?is gas is kn[n to =m a consid]able "p ( mucilag9\s sub/ances1 z sug>1 molasses1 honey1 malt1 & o!r sac*>9e & f]m5table matt]4 ,al?\gh ! doctr9e ( f]m5tation1 z a sci5ce1 does n enable u to alt] ! spontane\s c\rse ( nature2 yet if1 by ! assi/ance ( ! in/rum5ts1 & means recomm5d$1 we are enabl$ to =esee & provide = ! *anges induc$ by ! alt]ations ( ! atmosph]e1 we c gu>d aga9/ ! inconv5i5ces 9 "s cases1 & make !m subs]vi5t to our purpose 9 o!rs2 s z m securely to conduct ! process 9 ea* to advantage2 & t ) unusual facility2 complex z x at pres5t appe>s3 x w n only be a great improvem5t 9 ! pres5t mode ( f]m5tation2 b facilitate our progress to /ill great] improvem5ts 9 ! doctr9e ( f]m5tation4 ,!re=e1 ! rule ( our conduct1 9 ^! pursuits1 %\ld be to wat* ! op]ations ( nature ) ! close/ att5tion1 & assi/ h] :5 languid1 & control h] :5 too viol5t2 t is1 by spurr+ 9 "o in/ance1 & bridl+ 9 ! o!r1 & accurately & undeviat+ly apply ! means propos$ 9 ! mann] recomm5d$1 until exp]i5ce enables u to improve x2 o!rwise1 we %all only admire1 )\t improv+ or pr(it+ by h] *oice/ ph5om5a4 ,! motions ( ! planets1 p]plex$ & intricate z !y mu/ h appe>$ 9 ! infancy ( a/ronomy1 are n[ calculat$ & kn[n ) ease & precision4 ,att5uation is a t]m n unaptly appli$ to f]m5tation1 ! prop]ty ( att5uation be+ to divide1 !n dilute1 & r>ify ?ick1 gross1 viscid1 & d5se sub/ances1 9 :i* "s degree ( fluidity is pre-suppos$2 x is1 !re=e1 t k9d ( dilution or fluidity :i* is promot$ by agitation1 & v aptly appli$ to m>k ! progress ( f]m5tation1 :i* is itself ! process ( nature1 = decompos+ vegetable & animal sub/ances "u a conv5i5t degree ( fluidity2 x exi/s 9 inte/9e motion1 ei!r spontane\s or excit$1 accompani$ ) heat1 :i*1 "u c]ta9 limits1 is proportion$ to ! vig\r ( ! f]m5tation1 :i* ends 9 ! decomposition ( "o class ( bodies1 & ! composition ( ano!r2 & :i* may be in/anc$ 9 ! resolv+ sac*>9e sub/ances into hydrog51 oxyg51 & c>bon1 & ! comb9+ !m into inflammable spirits1 or alcohol1 & inflammable acids or v9eg>2 to :i* may be add$1 ! l[] y att5uate1 ! light] & m spirit\s ! f]m5t+ fluid becomes2 & t att5uation1 :i* is ! (fspr+ ( f]m5tation1 l ! p>5t process1 has its b\nds1 & c only be conduct$ ) c]ta9ty & advantage by ! use ( ! hydromet]1 !rmomet]1 c4 ,9 ?is only lies ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! old ^w f]m5tation1 & ! new ^w att5uation1 e ?+ us$ z a f]m5t1 or to promote f]m5tation1 is att5uant4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! v9\s process ( f]m5tation is to evolve or dis5tangle ! hydrog5 ( ! f]m5t+ fluid1 & unite x1 ) ! c>bon & oxyg5 ( ! same fluid1 into ard5t _s1 w9e1 be]1 or alcohol1 :i* la/ is well kn[n to be inflammable4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! acet\s process ( f]m5tation1 is to involve or entangle ! hydrog5 & c>bon ( ! f]m5t$ fluid1 ) a great] proportion ( oxyg51 into v9eg>1 :i* is un9flammable4 ,! fix$ air1 or c>bonic acid gas1 s abundantly extricat$ dur+ ! v9\s process ( f]m5tation1 :i* e "o conc]n$ 9 ! process is presum$ to be acqua9t$ )1 is ei!r compos$ ( hydrog5 & oxyg51 or is a composition ( c>bon & oxyg51 on :i* philosoph]s are divid$ 9 op9ion4 ,z ! result is ! same ) respect to ! =mation ( w9e1 be]1 & _s1 ,i %all ent] into no controv]sial reason+ on ?is head1 in/ead ( :i*1 ,i %all endeav\r to po9t out ! mo/ effectual mode ( sav+ & pr(itably apply+ x1 & ! o!r elem5ts1 9 ! composition ( w9e1 be]1 _s1 & acid4 ,z 9 f]m5tation1 spontane\s or excit$1 !re is a s5sible escape ( c>bonic acid gas1 or fix$ air1 x may n be improp] to note1 t f]m5table1 or sac*>9e matt]1 consi/s ( ab\t tw5ty-eight p\nds ( c>bon1 eight p\nds ( hydrog51 & sixty-f\r p\nds ( oxyg51 r$ucible into fix$1 inflammable1 & vital air1 weigh+ "o hundr$ subtile p\nds 9 toto1 or t e "o hundr$ subtile p\nds ( sac*>9e matt] consi/s ( su* proportions ( ^! airs & gasses4 ,att5uation is ! result ( a due resolution ( ! f]m5table matt] produc$ by excit$ f]m5tation1 :i* divides mucilages1 resolves viscidities1 breaks d[n cohesions1 g5]ates heat & motion1 extricates ! imprison$ gasses1 &1 by frequ5t commixture1 promotes ! action & re-action ( ! compon5t p>ticles on ea* o!r1 & by cont9ually expos+ a fre% surface & opposition ( matt]1 br+s !m )9 ! sph]e ( ea* o!r's attraction4 ,z _! orig9al attraction is weak5$ by heat & motion1 _! expansion is increas$ by repulsion2 & z !y revolve1 & rec$e f ea* o!r 9 ?is way1 !y are fitt$1 by ! *ange 9 _! modification1 to involve ea* o!r1 & f new attractions comb9+ ) ea* o!r into new sub/ances1 accord+ to aff9ity1 "u *anges induc$ 9 _! nature conducive to ?is end1 :i* n be+ exactly kn[n1 _c at pres5t be fully def9$4 ,9 e brew+1 or prep>ation ( sac*>9e fluid = f]m5tation1 ! foll[+ ph5om5a occur3 fir/1 heat is ei!r dis5gag$ or fix$3 secondly1 an ela/ic fluid is ei!r =m$ or absorb$ 9 a nasc5t /ate3 ^! two indisputable facts =m ! uni=m & inv>iable ph5om5a ( f]m5tation1 & may be admitt$ z an e/abli%$ axiom1 t ! proportions1 extrication1 & action ( heat1 ) ! f]m5tation & fixation ( ela/ic fluids1 dur+ ! process1 are ! f\ndation ( ! v9\s products ( ! f]m5t+ fluid4 ,9 con=mity to s rational a !ory1 ,i h = _m ye>s regulat$ my practice1 ! result ( :i* is ! object ( ^! pap]s4 ,^!1 !re=e1 are ! ?ree great objects :i* %\ld engage our att5tion2 n only 9 f]m5tation1 b 9 e simil> process 9 *emi/ry1 & are ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( our doctr9e4 ,,f]m5tation be+ n only a decomposition ( ! f]m5table matt]1 b ( ! wat] ( ! fluid also2 & ! fix$ air =m$ dur+ ! process be+ compos$ ( ! hydrog5 & oxyg5 ( ! f]m5table matt]1 & ! wat] ( ! fluid also1 !re is a p]petual decomposition & recomposition ( t wat]1 :i* gives fluidity to ! :ole mass1 tak+ place dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! process1 "p ( ! hydrog5 & oxyg5 ( :i* escapes "u ! =m ( fix$ air1 = want ( a prop] sub/ance be+ pres5t$ ( aff9ity en\gh to absorb & comb9e ) x into w9e1 be]1 or _s1 or "s o!r necess>y assi/ance 9 heat1 light1 motion1 oxyg51 hydrog51 c>bon1 c4 or an int]m$ium to facilitate ! =mation ( w9e1 be]1 or _s1 9 pref]5ce to fix$ air4 ,fix$ air1 or c>bonic acid gas1 consi/s ( ab\t tw5ty-five p>ts ( oxyg51 & n9e ( c>bon1 deve/$ ( ! mucilage & ye/ t rises ) x4 ,x %\ld be recollect$1 t ! decomposition ( pyrites1 ! =mation ( nitre1 respiration1 f]m5tation1 c4 are l[ degrees ( combu/ion1 & ?\gh x is ! prop]ty ( combu/ion to =m fix$ & phlogi/icat$ airs1 bo? ! modes ( do+ x1 & ! quantity ( ! products1 dep5d on ! mann] ( oxyg5at+ !m 9 ! *anges br\ght ab\t by ! diff]5t modes ( combu/ion1 or f]m5tation 9 ! v9\s1 acet\s1 & putrid process1 :i* %[ ! aff9ity betwe5 !m4 ,f]m5tation is a subsequ5t l[ combu/ion ( ! vegetable oxydes or gra91 t has und]gone a previ\s1 b p>tial combu/ion1 some?+ l ! slightly *>r+1 or oxydat+ ( wood or pit-coal1 by :i* ! oxyg5ation is incomplete 9 bo?1 & r5d]$ m complete 9 ! =m]4 ,an ultimate combu/ion ( ! f]m5table matt] employ$1 is f\nd only 9 ! putrid process ( f]m5tation1 :i* is a f9al or total decomposition ( vegetable & animal sub/ances1 9 ! actual combu/ion or burn+ ( wood1 *>coal1 or bones4 ,9 ! v9\s process we h se5 ! escape ( c>bonic acid gas2 9 ! acet\s process !re is a great escape ( azotic gas1 or phlogi/icat$ air1 f ! decomposition ( ! air ( ! atmosph]e consum$ 9 ?is process1 :i* consi/s ( ab\t two-?irds ( azotic gas1 & "o ?ird ( oxyg5 gas1#c ! oxyg5\s "p be+ absorb$ 9 ! acet\s process1 & azotic set free ) m or less hydrog5 & acetic gas1 proportion$ to ! exi/+ heat4 ,if ! heat is beyond a c]ta9 degree1 a portion ( ! e!real "p ( ! new-=m$ acid escapes also4 #c ,tw5ty-sev5 p>ts ( oxyg5 gas1 & sev5ty-?ree ( azotic gas4 ,9 ! putrid process1 ! hydrog5 escapes "u ! acri=m %ape ( inflammable air & azotic gas1 & no?+ m rema9s ?an m]e e>? or wat]1 or bo?1 z ! case may be1 :i* is exactly simil> to o!r combu/ions1 ( :i* no?+ rema9s1 7if we except phosphorus7 b e>? or a%es1 ) :at small portion ( alkal9e or o!r salts !y may conta94 ,?is alkal9e matt] be+ pres5t dur+ ! =mation ( c>bonic & azotic gas1 absorbs1 to saturation1 a due proportion ( !m1 & g5]ates t>t>4 ,exp]i5ce has taught u ! tru? or ju/ness ( ?is def9ition1 & ?\gh x has br\ght u acqua9t$ ) ! results ( ^? ?ree /ages ( f]m5tation1 combu/ion1 or decomposition1 we h c]ta9ly ov]look$ ! means ( apply+ !m ) all ! advantage !y admit ( 9 ! bus9ess :i* is ! subject ( ^! pap]s1 & :i* a little "t & close obs]vation mu/ conv9ce u (2 & h[ mu* has be5 hi!rto lo/1 ) ! means ( sav+ x 9 future1 %all be pres5tly expla9$1 & p>ticul>ly po9t$ out4 ,9 ! prosecution ( ?is design1 :]e ,i may n be able to give an unexceptionable demon/ration1 ,i hope always to be provid$ ) a practical pro(1 :i* may prove equally b5eficial4 ,let u n[ see :at passes 9 a /ate ( l[ combu/ion1 su* z may be ! result ( f]m5tation 9 vegetables1 aris+ f heat1 moi/ure1 & motion1 :5 impact$ toge!r4 ,! mo/ obvi\s occurr5ce ( ?is nature is f\nd 9 new hay1 :i*1 "u ^! circum/ances1 = want ( c>e & att5tion1 (t5 spontane\sly takes fire1 p>ticul>ly 9 wet seasons4 ,f]m5tation1 be+ "o ( ! l[e/ degrees ( combu/ion1 is "h ! spontane\s effect ( ! moi/ hay be+ impact$ toge!r1 & n prop]ly made1 t is1 )\t ! sup]flu\s juices be+ dri$ out ( x1 by :i* x reta9s a suffici5t degree ( fluidity or moi/ure to beg9 a f]m5tation1 9 :i* heat & motion are g5]at$1 & light1 9 a nasc5t /ate1 extricat$2 ^! appe>ances accumulat$ & accel]at$ by incumb5t pressure1 ! r$undant moi/ure be+ soon exhau/$1 & ! heat & motion increas+1 ! actual combu/ion ( ! mass takes place1 :i* is mu* facilitat$ by a decomposition ( ! wat] ( ?is moi/ure1 & ! air ( ! atmosph]e1 unavoidably ins9uat$ betwe5 ! int]/ices =m$ by ! fibres ( ! hay1 z !y are impact$ toge!r into cocks1 or /acks1 breaks out into actual flame1 or light visible4 ,^! are no novel appe>ances1 b su* z fall )9 ! obs]vation ( e "o2 & ! c&id malt/] w ackn[l$ge1 t f ! same cause1 ?\gh diff]5tly produc$1 simil> effects may1 & sometimes d1 happ5 9 ! malt h\se1 9 ! prep>ation ( t mod]n article ( luxury1 by :i* we are enabl$ to make malt w9e2 & ^! in/ances are suffici5t to prove f]m5tation to be a l[ degree ( combu/ion1 & to bo? simplify & expla9 ! ju/ness ( ?is doctr9e4 ,! malt+ ( corn is ! fir/ /age ( vegetation1 l[ combu/ion1 & f]m5tation4 ,f obs]vation & reason+ on :at passes be=e our eyes1 we discov] ! l[ species ( f]m5tation1 9 :i* ! malt+ ( corn consi/s1 to be a l[ degree ( combu/ion1 :i*1 = want ( due att5tion1 may break out into actual flame4 ,we 7 always acqua9t$ ) ! effect3 n[ reason+ on ! subject br+s u to a k ( ! cause4 ,to any "o well acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( f]m5tation1 x mu/ be manife/1 t ! malt di/ill]s h paid m att5tion1 & made great] progress 9 ! improvem5t ( ! process ?an any o!r class ( m5 int]e/$ 9 ! success1 ?\gh f> f hav+ arriv$ at _! ne plus ultra4 ,! introduction ( raw or unmalt$ corn2 ! close compactness ( _! work+ tun1 or f]m5t+ backs2 ! ord] & progressive succession ) :i* !y conduct ! process2 & ! pa9s !y necess>ily take to arrive at a p]fect att5uation1 by a long protract$ f]m5tation1 ) ! e>ly conviction ( a rew>d proportion$ to _! dilig5ce1 & ! success att5d+ _! be/ endeav\rs1 :5 n fru/rat$ by int]v5+ causes1 mu/ be /rong] inducem5ts ) !m to delight 9 ?is in/ructive process ( nature's =mation1 ?an ) ! brew]1 :o has n ^! imm$iate te/s to enc\rage 8 lab\rs1 :i* ! o!rs daily d]ive f di/illation1 & :i* s quickly & uni=mly t]m9ates _! haz>ds & success4 ,! pr9cipal object 9 _! view be+ a high & delib]ate att5uation1 ) a full v9osity1 )\t any fur!r reg>d to ! quality or flav\r ( _! ma%1 z ! comb9ation ( ^! qualities alone produces ! requir$ /r5g?1 9 ! cleane/ mann]4 ,! brew]'s c>es are _m1 & ( long] duration3 he is ! v9tag] ( our nor!rn climates3 8 port] or ale %\ld be an agreeable malt w9e1 suit$ to ! palate ( ! di/rict or neighb\rhood he lives 91 or1 ultimately1 to ! ta/e ( 8 cu/om]s4 ,! "t he has allott$ himself = att5uation 0 fir/ f\nd$ 9 error1 d]iv$ f ignorance ( ! subject1 & slavi%ly cont9u$ by t inv9cible tyrant1 cu/om4 ,hurry m>ks ! progress ( 8 f]m5tation1 :i* c only be correct$ by 8 spe$y mode ( cleans+1 & ! consequ5t b necess>y p]i%+ ( a "p4 ,he mu/ beg9 ) m accuracy at ! ma% tun ?an ! malt di/ill]1 z x is !re he mu/ n only regulate ! /r5g?1 b1 p>tially1 ! flav\r & transp>5cy ( 8 malt w9e4 ,8 object does n end ) ! malt di/ill]'s1 nor1 l 81 conc5tre 9 "o focal po9t1 ! solution ( ! :ole ( ! f>9a ( ! plant or gra9 employ$1 reg>dless ( milk9ess or transp>5cy2 he mu/ c>efully take ! heats ( 8 liquor1 s z to solve & comb9e ! qualities he has 9 view2 :i*1 if he misses 9 ! fir/ ma%1 is p>tly irrem$iable 9 ! succe$+ ones4 ,8 c>es d n end "h2 indep5d5t ( ! m9uti ( f]m5tation & cleans+1 he has ! flav\r1 f9+1 & br++ =w>d ( 8 malt w9es1 ne>ly z mu* z ! /r5g?1 to consid] & employ 8 att5tion4 ,x w sc>cely be suppos$ t ,i w\ld make ^! obs]vations m]ely ) a view ( draw+ ?is comp>ison1 ?\gh ev5 x might ?r[ "s light on ! subject1 )\t an attempt at supply+ ! defects po9t$ out1 & rem$y+ ! evils repres5t$4 ,:5 ! c>bonic acid gas1 or fix$ air1 s (t5 m5tion$ 9 ^! pap]s may be r5d]$ subs]vi5t to "p ( ! improvem5ts ,i h 9 view1 & :i* is ! con/ant1 abundant1 & uni=m result ( l[ combu/ion1 or v9\s f]m5tation1 9 proportion ( ?irty-five p\nds weight to e hundr$ ( sac*>9e or f]m5table matt]1 f]m5t$ 9 a due proportion ( liquor1 or wat]2 f ! decomposition ( :i* la/1 & ! absorption ( its oxyg51 x is pr9cipally obta9$4 ,we h previ\sly se5 t "o hundr$ p\nds ( f]m5table matt] consi/s ( eight p\nds ( hydrog51 tw5ty-eight ( c>bon1 & sixty-f\r p\nds ( oxyg52 we h also se5 t ab\t ?irty-five p\nds ( c>bon is extricat$ & deta*$ f ?is quantity ( f]m5table matt]1 prop]ly dilut$ 9 wat] dur+ f]m5tation2 all[+ ! usual quantity ( _s at ! same "t to be =m$ by ! process ( ?is sup]flu\s c>bon1 7z x n[ appe>s7 mu/ come pr9cipally f t decomposition ( ! wat] ( dilution1 & n f sac*>9e matt] employ$1 :i* conta9s altoge!r b tw5ty-eight p\nds ( c>bon1 ! :ole ( :i* mu/ necess>ily g to ! =mation ( ! fifty-sev5 p\nds ( dry alcohol produc$4 ,b n to desc5d too deeply into p>ticul>s t might lead into discussions n absolutely necess>y 9 ?is place1 let u take ! produce ( t5 gallons ( ard5t _s1 at "o to t5 ov] pro(4 ,we "h f9d t mu* m c>bon has be5 g5]at$1 & giv5 to ! atmosph]e1 ?an w5t to ! composition ( ?is quantity ( _s1 indep5d5t ( ! l>ge quantity ( alcohol dissolv$ 91 & c>ri$ (f by x1 9 its flight z be=e obs]v$4 ,all[+ ! av]age quantity ( f]m5table matt] 9 a qu>t] ( malt1 b>ley1 or o!r gra91 to be only sev5ty-five p\nds1 !n f\r qu>t]s w be equal to ?ree hundr$ subtile p\nds ( raw sug>2 or eighty qu>t]s ( ! "o w be equal to six ?\s& p\nds ( ! o!r1 or ?ree tuns weight ( unadult]at$ molasses4 ,if we e/imate ! sup]flu\s c>bonic acid gas ( ?is quantity ( mat]ials at only tw5ty-eight p\nds p] hundr$1 t w be sixte5 hundr$ & eighty p\nds dissipat$ dur+ ! f]m5tation1 :i* is a loss1 on e brew+ ( ?is quantity ( mat]ials1 ( upw>ds ( =ty-"o gallons ( _s1 ( ! /r5g? ( "o to t54 ,:at is comput$ "h 9 _s1 may easily be appli$ to w9e1 port]1 be]1 ale1 sweets1 c4 ,9 b>rels all[+ ?ree gallons & ?ree qu>ts ( _s p] b>rel to ! =m]1 & f\r gallons p] b>rel to ! latt]1 :i* gives elev5 b>rels & ?ree qu>t]s ( ! "o1 & t5 b>rels & a qu>t] ( ! o!r1 lo/ on ea* brew+ ( eighty qu>t]s ( malt1 or ! av]age ( t quantity ( o!r mat]ials1 by ! mismanagem5t ( ! f]m5tation 9 "o po9t only4 ,x mu/ appe> evid5t to e p]son capable ( inve/igat+ ?is calculation1 t e six or sev5 p\nds ( c>bon1 fix$ ^u ea* qu>t] ( malt1 or o!r mat]ials1 !re w be an augm5tation ( gravity or /r5g? on ?is numb] ( qu>t]s1 ( t5 or twelve b>rels ea* brew+2 t is1 e six or sev5 p\nds ( ?is fugitive c>bon t we arre/ & fix 9 ! f]m5t+ fluid1 z a compon5t "p ( ! subsequ5t produce1 by pres5t+ ! requisite portion ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 = ! purpose )9 ! sph]e ( ea* o!rs attraction1 we increase our /r5g? 9 ! be=e-m5tion$ ratio4 ,x is ( little mom5t :e!r ?is r$undant gas comes f ! wat] ( dilution or f ! f]m5table matt]1 z "u1 if we c by any means turn x to acc\nt4 ,we h presum$ ! av]age quantity ( f]m5table matt] at sev5ty-five p\nds p] qu>t]2 ?is mu/ be evid5tly on ! be/ goods2 ?is w give u a l5g? ( ?ree b>rels p] qu>t] ( malt ( eight bu%els1 ( tw5ty-five p\nds p] b>rel1 specific gravity4 ,suppose ! app>5t att5uation ( ^! goods to be n9ete5 p\nds1 ! transp>5t gravity w be six p\nds p] b>rel1 viz4 ,gravity ( ! worts 9 ! cool] j be=e lett+ d[n into ! guile-tun1 p] b>rel1 #be lb4 ,app>5t att5uation p] b>rel1 #ai lb4 ,transp>5t gravity p] b>rel1 #f --- #be lb4 ,or take x z x really is1 viz4 specific gravity p] b>rel1 #be lb4 ,real att5uation p] b>rel1 #ac lb4 #h oz4 ,ye/ & lees1 #e #h -------- #ai lb4 ,gravity p] b>rel1 :5 transp>5t1 #f --- #be lb4 ,x may be said t n9ete5 p\nds is ! real att5uation1 & ! ye/ & lees produc$ is "p !re(1 z ! fluid1 or be]1 9 a /ate ( transp>5cy is b six p\nds p] b>rel specific gravity1 & x may1 9 "s degree1 be all[$ to be s1 z !re is really s mu* gravity lo/ dur+ ! process ( f]m5tation4 ,if we multiply ?irte5 p\nds eight ounces1 :i* ,i h call$ ! real att5uation1 by f\r1 we %all f9d ! result to be fifty-f\r p\nds1 :i* is n9ete5 p\nds m ( sup]flu\s gas ^u f\r b>rels ( worts1 ( tw5ty-five p\nds gravity ea*1 ?an is extricat$ f an equival5t quantity ( sac*>9e matt]2 t is1 f "o hundr$ p\nds ( raw sug> or "o hundr$ & twelve p\nds ( molasses1 & _! respective wat]s ( dilution1 :5 ! ye/ & lees d n exce$ five p\nds eight ounces p] b>rel4 ,?is may be truly call$ an analysis ( ! f]m5table matt]1 giv+ ! compon5t p>ts tol]ably exact2 ?\gh mu* dep5ds on ! managem5t ( ! f]m5tation1 & ! subsequ5t cleans+4 ,by ?is analysis x appe>s1 t ! mucilage ( malt1 or gra91 gives out m gas ?an ! mucilage ( sug>2 & leaves a d\bt on ! m9d :e!r to adjudge ! sup]flu\s gas to ! f]m5table matt]1 or to ! wat] ( dilution1 or p>tly to bo?2 b s x is1 t ^! are ! products1 :atev] s\rce we d]ive !m f1 & !re is no d5y+ facts4 ,! ye/ fir/ add$ is n br\ght into ?is acc\nt4 ,!re is a great simil>ity ( appe>ance betwe5 ! two species ( l[ combu/ion1 f]m5tation & respiration4 ,f]m5tation1 l respiration1 is ! spontane\s ef=t ( involunt>y motion to decomposition2 & 9 ! f]m5t+ mass1 z 9 ! animal sy/em1 x raises ! temp]ature ( bo? above t ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e3 t is1 x is ! cause ( heat & involunt>y motion1 bo? 9 ! f]m5t+ mass & 9 ! animal sy/em2 &1 l sl[ combu/ion1 consumes bo?1 & resolves !m into _! fir/ pr9ciples1 f :i* t5d5cy ! latt] is con/antly )held by ! +e/a1 fuel1 or food1 ?r[n 94 ,i am well aw>e ,i mu/ n c>ry ?is reason+ any fur!r4 ,deep inve/igation may be ?\ght n to be ! object ( our rese>*2 b we mu/ always h two ?+s 9 view 9 inquiries ( ?is nature2 inde$1 9 e pursuit ( useful k1 :]e1 l ! pres5t1 x is connect$ ) ! fir/ pr9ciples1 to pursue ! w9d+ pa? ( nature1 ?r\gh all h] me&]+s1 up to ! ultimate s\rce ( ^! elem5ts1 :i* are ! in/rum5ts ( h] op]ations2 & :5 we are fav\r$ ) a k ( ^!1 ei!r z ! rew>d ( lab\r$ assiduity & att5tion1 or ! result ( *ance1 to copy ! orig9al z close z we c4 ,i "k ,i %all be ju/ly accus$ ) tautology4 ,i mu/ plead guilty to ! *>ge1 n hav+ leisure to apply ! prun+ hook ( correction4 ,! mis=tune is1 t new doctr9es mu/ appe> 9 a new dress1 by :i* !y we> ! g>b ( novelty1 ?\gh1 ) respect to fir/ pr9ciples1 !re is no?+ new "u ! sun2 yet ! application ( ^! pr9ciples might h rema9$ 9 oblivion = ev] if n call$ into action4 ,! man :o 9 an age calls !m into action1 & b5eficially applies !m = ! good ( t community ( :i* he is a memb]1 may be virtually1 ?\gh n lit]ally1 call$ ! discov]] ( a pr9ciple4 ,! man t projects1 & ! man t executes a voyage ( discov]y1 h sup]ior claims to ! man at ! ma/ head :o fir/ cries out l&4 ,! new turn t ! discov]ies ( mod]n philosoph]s has giv5 to natural philosophy1 requir+ a *ange ( names z well z sy/em2 unusual words are unavoidably introduc$ to express new t]ms ( sci5ce1 :i* gives a diff]5t "* & fa%ion to ! :ole1 t ,i %\ld h great pleasure 9 avoid+1 7 x possible1 :i* x obvi\sly is n1 f9d+ x easi] to glide d[n ! /ream ?an oppose its torr5t4 ,not)/&+ t ,i h calculat$ ^u n9ete5 p\nds only ( tw5ty-five p\nds p] b>rel ( f]m5table matt] be+ att5uat$1 & h ev5 9 t quantity includ$ five p\nds eight ounces ( lees & ye/1 7! lea/ quantity produc$17 su* calculation mu/ n be admitt$ to preclude ! practicability ( att5uat+ almo/ e p>ticle ( f]m5table matt]1 & replac+ x ) an equival5t p>ticle ( _s1 if t _s :i* is n[ c>ri$ (f by ! avolation ( ! fix$ air1 is1 agreeably to my proposal1 ei!r arre/$ 9 its flight1 or filt]$1 aft] its escape f ! guile tun & cleans+ vat1 by ! prop] app>atus4 ,hav+ 9 a =m] "p ( ^! pap]s obs]v$1 t att5uation may be c>ri$ too f>1 x may be necess>y = me to reconcile ^! seem+ly opposite positions1 :i* %\ld be und]/ood 9 ?is way3 ,:5 ! quantity ( f]m5table matt]1 susp5d$ 9 a b>rel ( worts1 int5d$ = be]1 or ale1 is f five to t5 p\nds m ?an tw5ty-five p\nds p] b>rel1 e p>ticle ( x may be safely att5uat$1 z ! quantity ( _s g5]at$ w be suffici5t to pres]ve ! be]1 or ale1 = any requisite l5g? ( "t1 provid$ x has be5 prop]ly hopp$1 c41 or 9 lieu !re(1 receiv$ c]ta9 o!r additions to improve its v9osity1 /r5g?1 & keep+2 :5 ! quantity ( f]m5table matt] 9 worts is f five to fifte5 p\nds p] b>rel less ?an tw5ty-five p\nds1 ! height ( ! att5uation ought to be limit$ on keep+ be] & ale2 ! _s g5]at$ be+ insuffici5t to pres]ve s mu* f]m5t$ fluid 9 a dr9kable /ate = any l5g? ( "t1 ) ! usual additions only1 ev5 dur+ ! summ] heats ( our own climate2 & if s1 x is totally unfit = ei!r exportation to w>m latitudes1 or = keep+ at home4 ,= ! "r und]/&+ ( ^! obs]vations1 we %\ld consid] t ! unatt5uat$ f]m5table matt] is p]petually furni%+ a gradual supply ( fix$ air & _s1 by means ( ! imp]ceptible f]m5tation always go+ on 9 v9\s liquors4 ,weak be]s & ales fret & spoil v soon 9 w>m wea!r1 :i* proce$s f ! developm5t & avolation ( _! fix$ air2 /rong be]s & ales h _! limits "u ! same influ5ce ( heat1 "t1 *ange ( ! atmosph]e1 c41 & owe _! pres]vation to two ?+s1 viz4 to a due proportion ( f]m5table matt] unatt5uat$1 or ! quantity ( _s !y conta92 z "u ^! circum/ances !y are ei!r pres]v$ by ! _s already =m$1 or t cont9ually suppli$ by ! spontane\s decomposition ( ! f]m5table matt] !y conta91 sl[ly develop+ & yield+ a fre% supply ( air & _s2 h5ce be] & ales1 n too highly att5uat$1 d]ive /r5g? & spirituosity f age1 :5 prop]ly /or$ or cell>$1 & duly secur$ f ! *anges ( ! atmosph]e4 ,^! obs]vations are applicable to sweets1 or made w9es1 & to ^? :i* are ! produce ( ! grape1 ! progress ( f]m5tation & att5uation be+ 7or ought to be7 int]rupt$ 9 !m by rack+ (f1 :i* is simil> to cleans+ 9 be]s & ales3 & 9 ,madeiras1 & o!r dry w9es1 ! incipi5t acidity is correct$ & re/ra9$1 by prop] additions introduc$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! process1 & ) o!rs ( simil> effect :5 ! w9es are mak+ up1 ei!r = use or exportation4 ,we may ga!r f ^! obs]vations1 t worts att5uat$ = be] or ale1 to ! decomposition ( all _! f]m5table matt]1 t is1 att5uat$ s high1 or s l[1 t _! specific gravity is r$uc$ to ! /&>d ( common wat]1 & f t to ! degree ( levity _s is kn[n to give to wat]1 9 ! proportion to ! quantity add$1 & left to ! pres]vation ( ! _s =m$1 !y h little or no auxili>y assi/ance f _! orig9al products1 already exhau/$ by ! highe/ or complete/ att5uation obta9able2 an important circum/ance1 always to be att5d$ to1 p>ticul>ly by ^? :o affect an unnecess>ily high att5uation6 ,! intellig5t brew] may1 by ! assi/ance ( ^! obs]vations1 =m a mo/ accurate rule = ! regulation ( 8 future conduct 9 ! managem5t ( f]m5tation1 accord+ z 8 be] or ale is to be weak or /rong1 or = pres5t use or long keep+2 = ! accompli%m5t ( :i*1 ! use ( ! hydromet] & !rmomet] claim 8 peculi> att5tion1 & w und\bt$ly answ] 8 expectations1 :5 jo9$ to ! c]ta9ty he is n[ at1 ( kn[+ :5 he is1 or is n1 to expect ! developm5t ( fix$ air & additional _s1 by :i* he c gov]n himself accord+ly4 ,^! obs]vations lead to a removal ( ! difficulties t lay 9 ! way1 &1 at ! same "t1 sugge/ a mode ( apply+ ! pres5t1 or ( con/ruct+ a future hydromet]1 = asc]ta9+ ! /r5g? or ! quantity ( ! v9\s _s 9 be]1 w9e1 ale1 & o!r f]m5t$ fluids1 :i* has long be5 a desirable object4 ,! di/ill]1 hav+ none ( ^! niceties to att5d to1 is gov]n$ by ! ultimate ext5t ( ! att5uation ! worts1 or wa%1 is f\nd capable (1 & :i* is bo? assi/$ & protract$ by its sup]ior d5sity1 9 its progress f specific gravity to specific levity1 if su* an expression is admissible4 ,f]m5tation1 begun 9 a fluid m or less saturat$ ) sac*>9e or f]m5table matt]1 ! process is f9i%$ soon] or lat]1 & usually 9 proportion to ! degree ( saturation1 & ! be+ conduct$ ) m or less vig\r "u a well regulat$ temp]ature2 = ! m a fluid ab\nds ) ?is matt]1 ! gross] & d5s] x mu/ necess>ily be1 & ! long] w ! att5uation be protract$2 ! long] x is protract$1 9 air-tight vessels1 & 9 a heal?y & vig\r\s /ate ( decomposition1 ! m spirit\s & /rong w t wa% turn out1 & ! great] ! produce ( _s 9 di/illation2 h5ce1 x is bo? protract$ & assi/$ by its d5sity4 ,a languid may be truly call$ an unheal?y decomposition1 x be+ productive ( diseases common to misconduct$ f]m5tation1 acidity1 putridity1 & lack ( spirits1 ) a t5d5cy to precipitate & burn ^u ! bottom ( ! /ill2 h5ce1 all ! decompositions are conf\nd$ toge!r1 z 9 spontane\s f]m5tation4 ,! =mation ( acidity dur+ ! process1 is n ( t injury to ! di/ill] t x is to ! brew]1 nor is ?is rec5t acidity v9eg>1 z has be5 suppos$ by "s *emi/s1 b ! incipi5t /ate ( comb9ation ( resolv+ elem5ts1 ^: p>ticles are 9 t juxtaposition be/ suit$ to absorb develop+ hydrog5 9 a nasc5t /ate1 & intimately to comb9e ) x into v9\s _s1 ! approximation to :i* is promot$ by "t & incumb5t pressure3 ^! positions %all be expla9$ z ,i proce$4 ,! reason t putridity is s r>ely discov]$ 9 excit$ f]m5tation1 is1 t x is usually c\nt]act$ by ! previ\sly evolv$ acidity1 & correct$1 b n saturat$ or neutraliz$2 =1 7 t ! case1 ! putrid c\ld n imm$iately succe$ ! acet\s process 9 ! same fluid1 nor exi/ toge!r1 z !y are kn[n to d 9 decl9+ be]1 v9eg>1 c4 ,! reason t acidity is n m frequ5tly obs]v$ & att5d$ to ?an x is1 is because ( its be+ %ea!d or cov]$ by ! unatt5uat$ sweets1 or f]m5table matt] ( ! wa% t rema9s undecompos$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 acidity is v preval5t1 x may be mi/ak5 = unatt5uat$ f]m5table matt]1 acidity increas+ ! d5sity & specific gravity ( ! fluid4 ,putridity1 f ! avolation ( its products1 promotes levity1 & t 9 proportion z its increase surpasses t ( ! g5]al acid2 & x is n until ! action ( ! acet\s becomes languid1 t ! putrid process ga9s ! asc5d5cy1 :5 x is !n difficult to ov]come4 ,al?\gh ^! obs]vations may %[ h[ ! hydromet]1 or its use1 9 unexp]i5c$ h&s may be baffl$1 !y bo? di/+ui% & expla9 ! value ( its application2 !y d m--!y elucidate ! doctr9e ( f]m5tation1 & illu/rate ! goodness ( ,provid5ce1 :o has made no?+ 9 va91 b provid$ nature ) its own res\rces = conduct+ e op]ation 9 ! great plan ( ! univ]se ) uni=m & un]r+ security4 ,9 ! decomposition ( f]m5table matt]1 ei!r by combu/ion or f]m5tation1 7:i* ,i h def9$ to be synonim\s17 a portion ( inflammable air1 or hydrog51 is fir/ evolv$2 secondly1 ano!r portion ( inflammable air1 unit$ ) pure air1 or oxyg5 gas1 evolves "u ! =m ( fix$ air2 ?is is ! con/ant & uni=m ph5om5a ( ^! decompositions1 & are progressively go+ on f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! f]m5tation1 :ile !re is any f]m5table matt] to att5uate4 ,a due portion ( oxyg5 unit+ 9 a nasc5t /ate ) a correspond5t portion ( inflammable or hydrog51 & fix$ air1 =ms ! spirit\s p>ticles disp]s$ ?r\gh ! f]m5t+ fluid1 :i* create v9osity1 & con/itute x w9e1 be]1 or wa%4 ,dur+ :i*1 s great is ! avolation ( fix$ air1 7z we h se517 t mu* ( ! e!real "p ( ! new =m$1 or1 r1 ! sc>cely-=m$ _s1 is c>ri$ (f ) x 9 a gase\s /ate4 ,?is is mu* assi/$ by ! ag5cy ( ! atmosph]e1 :i* is ! solv5t & receptacle ( e!real products1 ^: aff9ity = !m mu/ be z great z x is p]fect & imm$iate--:i* demon/rates ! necessity ( hav+ air-tight vats4 ,:5 we consid] ! composition ( ! atmosph]e1 & t x owes its =mation & exi/5ce to ?is cause1 &1 !reby becomes ! m5/ruum ( all creat$ matt]1 we may be bett] able to und]/& ! composition & =mation ( v9\s spirits1 &1 by closely copy+ ! orig9al1 m successfully imitate nature4 ,we h se5 t ! pr9cipal ph5om5a 9 f]m5t+ fluids is a brisk inte/9e motion ( _! p>ts1 excit$ 9 all directions ) a loss ( transp>5cy1 or a mudd9ess1 a hiss+ noise1 ! g5]at+ ( g5tle heat1 & an exhalation ( gas4 ,?is heat1 we mu/ n[ obs]ve1 is always v s5sible be=e ! extrication ( any gas4 ,we h adv]t$ to ! simil>ity exi/+ betwe5 respiration & f]m5tation1 :i* is rem>kably s 9 ! equality ( heat produc$ 9 bo? 9 a heal?y /ate ( ei!r1 & :i* seldom exce$s n9ety-six degrees ( ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]2 b !re are in/ances ( _! be+ mu* high] 9 bo?1 )\t produc+ mu* injury to ei!r4 ,in/ances ( ?is c\ld be adduc$ at home1 )\t ref]r+ to w>m] climates ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 :]e ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e is s mu* high] ?an ) u2 & t ! temp]ature ( ! f]m5t+ fluid1 :5 at its height1 always exce$s t ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e 9 ^! latitudes1 :i* makes ! simil>ity /ill /rong] betwe5 ^! two decompos+ processes4 ,?is is a g5]al & j rem>k2 b1 9 ord] to regulate x by practical facts1 we mu/ "n ! m$ium /&>d ( heat1 :i* r>ely exce$s eighty-five degrees ) ! brew]s2 ?is is ! m$ium ( sev5ty-f\r & n9ety-six degrees2 b ! m$ium heat is n unfrequ5tly up to n9ety-six degrees 9 ! di/ill]'s f]m5t+ backs ( ,great ,brita94 ,mu* dep5ds on ! degree ( temp]ature ! f]m5tation is pit*$ at3 "h1 no?+ is spok5 ( b ! cleans+ heat ) ! brew]s1 & ! m$ium heat ) ! di/ill]s4 ,= ! ma9t5ance ( combu/ion1 ! free access ( air be+ necess>y1 an objection may be rais$ to air-tight vats1 z unfit to c>ry on ?is process 91 to ! exclusion ( ext]nal air2 :i* objection may seem to ga!r =ce f ! compression x occasions ( ! fix$ air on ! decompos+ fluid1 :i* is all[$ to ext+ui% active combu/ion4 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge ^! are =midable objections to my def9ition ( l[ combu/ion1 b ,i by no means f9d !m unansw]able4 ,! aptitude ( new hay1 malt1 & o!r vegetable matt]s1 to spontane\s combu/ion1 :5 impact$ toge!r by incumb5t pressure1 & a c]ta9 degree ( moi/ure1 %\ld be recollect$2 & t ?is t5d5cy is n de/roy$ by exclud+ ! admission ( ext]nal air1 b by quickly cool+ & divid+ ! impact$ hay4 ,! great quantity ( oxyg51 or vital air1 bo? 9 ! wat] ( dilution1 & 9 ! f]m5table matt]1 ) :i* ! fluid is m or less saturat$1 %\ld be also recollect$1 :i* is ab\t eighty-five p>ts 9 ! =m]1 & sixty-f\r p>ts ( "o hundr$ 9 ! latt]4 ,?\gh1 9 an unela/ic or fix$ /ate1 x is "o ( ! prop]ties ( combu/ion to dis5gage & r5d] x ela/ic1 great "p ( :i*1 dur+ ! l[ combu/ion :i* x supports1 & 9 :i* heat is visible or p]ceptible1 & light 9 an invisible /ate develop$1 ?ree p>ts ( ?is oxyg51 ) ab\t "o ?ird ( its weight ( c>bon1 is conv]t$ into an ela/ic /ate1 "u ! =m ( fix$ air1 t sep>ates f ! decompos+ mass2 a circum/ance att5d+ also on ! combu/ion ( coal & o!r combu/ible sub/ances dur+ _! decomposition by t process1 :i* support$ 9 !m by ! ext]nal air ( ! atmosph]e1 :]e heat & light are bo? visible f ! int5sity & velocity ( ! combu/ion2 & :olly invisible 9 ! =m]1 n f exclusion ( ext]nal air1 b f ! l5g? ( "t elaps$ 9 l[ combu/ion2 ! "o be+ p]=m$ in/antane\sly1 & ! o!r tak+ sev]al days f its decomposition4 ,al?\gh fix$ air is kn[n to ext+ui% a light$ c&le1 & de/roy animal life1 t is1 to be equally unfit = ! combu/ion ( inflammable bodies1 or ! support ( animal respiration1 x is also kn[n to be z successfully employ$ z atmosph]ic air1 or ev5 dephlogi/icat$ air1 to melt glass1 c41 :5 appli$ to ! cle> flame ( a wax c&le1 by pass+ a curr5t ( x ?r\gh a bl[-pipe1 to direct t flame on ! glass to be melt$4#d #d ,c\nt ,rum=d on ! ,economy ( ,fuel4 ,?is w n be s mu* to be wond]$ at1 :5 we consid] t ! proportion ( vital air 9 fix$ air is z tw5ty-sev5 to n9e1 & 9 atmosph]ic air1 ! proportion ( azotic gas or phlogi/icat$ air1 to vital air1 is z sev5ty-?ree to tw5ty-sev52 !re=e1 ! =m] conta9s ?ree f\r?s ( vital air1 & ! latt] little bett] ?an "o f\r?2 b ! fix$ air is 9 a comb9$1 & ! phlogi/icat$ air 9 an uncomb9$ /ate4 ,among ! processes made use ( by nature = ! decomposition ( vegetable & animal sub/ances1 f]m5tation1 or l[ combu/ion1 is a pr9ciple "o4 ,air1 9 a fix$ or unela/ic /ate1 may be z necess>y "h z air 9 an ela/ic /ate is kn[n to be 9 ! active combu/ion ( inflammable bodies4 ,*emi/s & philosoph]s are no /rang]s to two sorts ( combu/ion1 "o 9 ext]nal air1 & ! o!r 9 close vessels4 ,b ?is is n ! combu/ion allud$ to 9 f]m5tation1 :]e all ! requisites = complete decomposition is to be f\nd indep5d5t ( contact ) ! atmosph]e2 "h "o "p is oxyg5at$ at ! exp5se ( ! o!r1 & ! o!r disoxyg5at$ 9 fav\r ( x4 ,nor does ! solution1 or decomposition ( metals by acids1 ! combu/ion ( inflammable & vital air = ! production ( wat]1 /& 9 ne$ ( ext]nal heat or fire1 any m ?an ! l[ combu/ion 9 :i* f]m5tation consi/s = ! production ( _s1 be]1 or w9e1 ?an t g5]at$ by ! self-op]ation ( its own temp]ature2 simil> to ?is is ! self-animat+ pr9ciple or p[] ) :i* nature has end[$ ! animal body ( g5]at+ its own heat by respiration4 ,9 f]m5tation1 ! caloric1 or matt] ( heat1 :i* is pl5tifully dis5gag$ by ! cond5sation ( oxyg51 is prev5t$ f break+ out into flame ) ! cond5s+ hydrog51 f ! pres5ce ( aff9ities 9 ! f]m5t+ mass1 ready to absorb & fix !m into v9\s _s1 ale1 be]1 c41 ) ! o!r compon5t elem5t1 c>bon2 by :i* !y are too in/antane\sly tak5 up & fix$1 to am\nt to m ?an b>e ebullition1 & pass at once f an incipi5t /ate ( ela/icity1 to a fix$ & non-ela/ic "o1 :ile ! r$undant heat1 :i* w\ld o!rwise appe>1 is tak5 up & c>ri$ (f by ! abundant =mation ( c>bonic acid gas1 :i* requires s great a quantity ( caloric to r5d] x p]man5tly ela/ic1 z n only keeps ?is sort ( combu/ion "u ignition1 b mu* bel[ ! degree ( heat at :i* ! accumulat+ v9\s _s c\ld be rais$ to ! evaporable or di/ill+ po9t1 ?\gh capable1 z already obs]v$1 ( deta*+ a consid]able portion ( x ) ! volatile gas1 & ( ! wat] ( solution1 or ! wat] ( composition rec5tly =m$ f ! pres5t attractions 9 its mo/ volatile & incipi5t /ate ( =mation2 bo? :i* we h se5 asc5d ) ! fix$ air extricat$1 p>tly 9 a comb9$1 & p>tly 9 an uncomb9$ /ate4 ,"o "p ( hydrog5 is suffici5t to saturate & fix above five ( c>bon1 & !y require ne>ly sixte5 p>ts ( oxyg5 to complete _! =mation into alcohol1 :ile ! wat] ( dilution und]goes a proportionate decomposition & recomposition1 to assi/ ! resolutions & comb9ations1 & support ! admirable equilibrium pres]v$ by nature4 ,at ! same "t t ! extreme levity ( ! hydrog5 gas acc\nts = ! great quantity ( heat :i* x holds 9 comb9ation1 & ! high temp]ature requisite to effect its decomposition1 & t su* is its capacity = heat1 t ?\gh comb9$ ) oxyg5 & wat]1 x /ill possesses ! prop]ty ( absorb+ a great deal m4 ,x is ?is prop]ty t r5d]s aque\s vap\r light] ?an atmosph]ic air 9 :i* x asc5ds2 yet we h j n[ demon/rat$ ! resolution & comb9ation ( hydrog5 gas1 & oxyg5 gas1 bo? extricat$ f ! f]m5table matt] & ! wat] ( dilution1 & _! =mation into _s1 c41 at a temp]ature n _m degrees above t ( ! incumb5t atmosph]e1 & no high] ?an t excit$ by respiration 9 ! animal sy/em4 ,9 :i* we h %[n ! vegetable oxyde1 7sac*>9e matt]17 :5 r$uc$ by ! admixture ( wat]1 to =m ! worts or wa%1 to be a c>bonat$ hydrog5\s fluid1 conta9+ ! elem5ts ( w9e1 be]1 ale1 _s1 c41 & ! mode ( produc+ !m "u circum/ances conducive to _! =mation2 ^! are motion1 heat1 pressure1 & mutual attraction1 call$ into exi/5ce by a species ( l[ combu/ion1 or f]m5tation1 some:at simil> to respiration4 ,9 :i* ! mat]ials1 ! products1 & ! lib]ation ( caloric are ultimately ! same1 :e!r ! op]ation is att5d$ by visible fire f ! velocity ( action1 or weak incalesc5ce f ! sl[ progression ( its motion2 9 :i* ! compon5t elem5ts are cont9ually assum+ a gasse\s =m1 & z con/antly los+ x by ! =ce ( mutual attraction = ea* o!r4 ,no soon] is ! equilibrium brok51 9 "o in/ance1 by _! gasse\s appe>ance1 ?an x is re/or$ by _! cond5sation1 & ! heat lib]at$ by ! latt] tak5 up by ! =m]1 by :i* ! equilibrium is pres]v$2 9 ?is consi/s ! increase ( temp]ature above t ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e1 accompani$ by ! dis*>ge ( fix$ air2 to fix1 & advantage\sly apply :i*1 %all be ! next consid]ation2 &1 by an accurate imitation ( ! modification employ$ by nature1 to r5d] ! f]m5t+ fluid s mu* ! /rong] by su* fixation4 ,to accompli% :i*1 we mu/ adv]t to :at has be5 deliv]$ 9 ! prec$+ pages1 p>ticul>ly to ! proportions 9 :i* ! equilibrium pres]v$ by nature consi/s1 & exactly to h] mann] ( comb9+ !m 9 sug>1 malt1 & o!r sac*>9e matt]1 h] mode ( break+ ?is equilibrium1 or decompos+ !m by f]m5tation1 & recomb9+ !m into w9e1 be]1 c41 & by ! same process re/or+ ! equilibrium4 ,x _c be d\bt$1 b t1 9 ! inve/igation ( ! acet\s process ( f]m5tation ) ! att5uation we d ! v9\s1 !y w mutually reflect light on ea* o!r2 9 :i* x w come out t w9e1 be]1 ale1 v9eg>1 _s1 c41 are n ! only comm]cial prep>ation to :i* ! doctr9e ( f]m5tation1 or l[ combu/ion1 may be advantage\sly appli$1 b also to o!rs1 t are p]haps equally important & productive4 ,! cleans+ be+ at ! m]idian1 or greate/ temp]ature ( ! heat ( ! f]m5t+ fluid1 & ! object ( t cleans+ be+ to r$uce ! heat1 & !reby allay ! viol5ce ( ! f]m5tation1 by :i* an imm$iate decomposition takes place1 ! light] impurities buoy$ up to ! top ( ! fluid fl[s (f ) ! ye/1 :ile ! heavi] dregs desc5d to ! bottom1 & ! f]m5tation gradually decl9es z ! cleans+ draws to a conclusion1 & ! f]m5t+ fluid =ms a turbid het]og5e\s mass1 v p]ceptibly approa*+ t[>ds a transp>5t homog5e\s fluid 9 its progress to a dr9kable /ate4 ,9 lay+ out a brew]y1 ! air %\ld h free access to ! cool]s on all sides1 "u & ov]2 cleans+ vessels %\ld be simil>ly situat$1 &1 if avoidable1 ! cool]s %\ld n lay imm$iately ov] !m1 to raise _! temp]ature1 :i* %\ld n be _m degrees above t ( ! atmosph]e1 at temp]ate1 :i* is fifty-two degrees2 b ! desc5t f ! cleans+ heat 7sev5ty-five to eighty-five7 %\ld be progressive1 t is1 n sudd54 ,a sudd5 *ill w\ld precipitate ! gross]1 & diffuse ! light] dregs ?r\gh\t ! f]m5t+ fluid1 :i* %\ld be ?r[n (f f ! surface 9 cleans+2 ?is w\ld ret>d ! f9+1 & empov]i% ! be] or ale2 :ile ! mode recomm5d$ w be f\nd to promote transp>5cy1 & give /r5g? & body1 t is1 fullness & spirituosity4 ,9 g5]al1 ! cleans+ comm5ces too soon = ! /r5g? & quality ( ! goods1 p>ticul>ly = port]1 s9ce ! introduction ( a great] proportion ( pale malt ?an =m]ly us$2 a m p]fect f]m5tation is n[ requisite to keep up ! g5u9e di/9ction 9 t flav\r ( port] f ord9>y be]s & ales1 :i*1 s9ce ! *ange ( l5g?s1 has mu* decl9$1 ?\gh ! only *>act]i/ic quality t gives x m]it ov] o!r malt liquors--an object t des]ves consid]ation 9 ?is great comm]cial bran* ( trade1 & s\rce ( national weal?1 :]e ! loss ( di/9ction w be ! loss ( trade4 ,! r\gh1 a/r+5t1 ?ir/-creat+ smack is ! produce ( ! br[n malt1 & a well conduct$ f]m5tation4 ,! port] n[ brew$ c no m be> ! sudd5 *ill ( a cool+ atmosph]e 9 ! b>rel cleans+1 )\t too imm$iate a cond5sation & sep>ation ( its p>ts1 ?an x is able to su/a9 ! quick *anges ( a w>m atmosph]e1 )\t an imm$iate t5d5cy to acidity4 ,z ?+s n[ are1 ei!r extreme c only be avoid$ by a m att5tive adv]t5ce to ! mode ( cleans+1 s z to prev5t a pr$om9ant t5d5cy to ei!r by adopt+ ! means propos$1 or su* o!r1 on ! same pr9ciples1 z are equally likely to pres]ve ! quality1 increase ! /r5g?1 promote transp>5cy1 & avoid acidity4 ,i "k x may be urg$ by ! mo/ able brew]s1 t a high & rapid f]m5tation 9 ! cleans+ is a pr9cipal cause ( t flav\r = :i* port] is di/+ui%$2 t ?is k9d ( f]m5tation leads to a m p]fect att5uation2 & "s ( !m may1 ) great tru?1 add1 a p]fect att5uation is ! g5u9e mode ( e>ly br++ be] =w>d4 ,?is ,i mo/ readily grant2 x is ! doctr9e ,i wi% to inculcate4 ,! great] gravity ( keep+ be]s1 pres]ves !m 9 a mild /ate1 :ile _! spirituosity prev5ts acidity4 ,! flav\r ( ! col\r+ matt] n[ 9 use1 nor ! *ange x induces1 is n1 by any means1 adapt$ to pres]ve ! g5u9e flav\r ( port]1 or comp5sate = t made 9 ! *ange ( malt2 a *ange ,i by no means condemn1 ) respect to ! malt2 b h[ev] advantage\s to ! l5g?1 we mu/ n altoge!r give up flav\r1 :ile we may equally z well1 & inde$ mu* bett]1 pres]ve bo? by a due admixture ( ea* sort ( malt1 & ) suitable additions & prop] correctives 9 ! process or prep>ation ( port]1 bo? salubri\s2 z by ! subsequ5t mixture ( /ale & mild be]1 be=e s5d+ out1 or1 aft]w>ds1 by draw+ !m f diff]5t casks into ! same pot1 :5 on draught1 to suit ! palate ( ea* respective cu/om]4 ,i hope x is by ?is "t und]/ood1 t my views are to raise ! ,process ( ,brew+ above ! vulg> error t tyrant cu/om has entail$ on x1 & by ! free ex]cise ( ! brew]'s abilities1 bo? 9 a sci5tific & tradesman-l mann]1 s z advantage\sly to pres]ve flav\r & quality1 ) almo/ any proportions ( e sort ( malt he may occasionally be oblig$ to use4 ,! _w is cont9ually exclaim+ t exp]i5ce is bett] ?an !ory4 ,?is is v true2 = example1 he :o has _h a v long exp]i5ce1 may1 9 g5]al1 p]=m op]ations ) tol]able exactness2 b ?is he undeviat+ly does by c]ta9 /at$ means1 )\t any deep] intellig5ce ( ! process4 ,i w\ld1 ) ,mr4 ,*aptal1 comp>e su* a man to a bl9d p]son :o is acqua9t$ ) ! road1 & c pass along x ) ease1 & p]haps ev5 ) ! confid5ce & assurance ( a man :o sees p]fectly well1 b is at ! same "t incapable ( avoid+ accid5tal ob/acles1 ( %ort5+ 8 way1 or tak+ ! mo/ direct c\rse1 & alike incapable ( lay+ d[n any rules :i* he c communicate to o!rs4 ,?is is ! /ate ( ! arti/ ( m]e exp]i5ce1 h[ev] long ! duration ( 8 practice may h be51 z ! simple p]=m] ( op]ations4 ,brew+1 f]m5t+1 di/ill+1 c41 are bran*es ( comm]cial *emi/ry1 t g5]ally *all5ge ! att5tion & secure ! protection ( ^? gov]nm5ts t con/itute !m s\rces ( rev5ue & trade4 ,*emi/ry is z mu* ! basis ( ! arts & manufactures1 z ma!matics is ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( me*anics4 ,9 ! process ( brew+ port]1 ale1 ?reep5ny1 c41 to be subsequ5tly treat$ (1 ! practical m9utia ( f]m5tation & att5uation %all be circum/antially laid d[n 9 ea*1 s z to acc\nt =1 & di/+ui% ! v>iety ( flav\r1 c41 assignable to ea* cause effect$ by ! diff]5t modes ( treatm5t4 ,hops1 ! be/ me?od ( cultivat+ & rais+ !m4 ,a ri*1 deep soil1 r incl9+ to moi/ure1 is1 on ! :ole1 ! be/ adapt$ = ! cultivation ( hops2 b x is obs]vable t any soil 7/iff clay only except$7 w suit ! gr[+ ( hops :5 prop]ly prep>$2 & 9 _m p>ts ( ,great ,brita9 !y use ! bog-l&1 :i* is fit = little else4 ,! gr\nd on :i* hops are to be plant$ %\ld be made ri* ) t k9d ( manure be/ suit$ to ! soil1 & r5d]$ f9e & mell[ by be+ pl\gh$ deep1 & h>r[$ sev]al times4 ,! hills %\ld be at ! di/ance ( six or eight feet ap>t f ea* o!r1 accord+ to ! ri*ness ( ! gr\nd4 ,on l&s t are ri*1 ! v9es w run ! mo/2 ! hills mu/ !re=e be ! fur!r ap>t4 ,at ! fir/ op5+ ( ! spr+1 :5 ! fro/s are ov]1 & vegetation beg9s1 sets1 or small pieces ( ! roots ( hops1 mu/ be obta9$ f hops t are e/eem$ ! be/4#e ,cut (f f ! ma9 /alk or root1 six in*es 9 l5g?1 bran*es or suck]s1 mo/ heal?y1 & ( ! la/ ye>'s gr[?1 if possible to be procur$2 if n1 !y %\ld be wrapp$ 9 a clo?1 kept 9 a moi/ place1 exclud$ f ! air4 ,a hole %\ld !n be made l>ge & deep1 & fill$ ) ri* mell[ e>?4 ,! spr\ts %\ld be set 9 ?is e>? ) ! bud upw>ds1 & ! gr\nd press$ close ab\t !m4 ,if ! buds h begun to op51 ! upp]mo/ mu/ be left j out ( ! gr\nd1 o!rwise cov] x ) ! e>? an in*4 ,two or ?ree sets to a pole is suffici5t1 & ?ree poles to a hill w be f\nd mo/ productive2 place "o ( ! poles t[>ds ! nor?1 ! o!r two at equal di/ances1 ab\t two feet ap>t4 ,! sets are to be plac$ 9 ! same mann] z ! poles1 t !y may ! easi] climb4 ,! l5g? ( ! poles may be f f\rte5 to eighte5 feet1 accord+ z ! soil is ri* or poor4 ,! poles %\ld be plac$ s z to incl9e to ea* o!r1 meet at _! tops1 & !re be ti$4 ,?is is contr>y to ! ,european me?od1 b w be f\nd be/ 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ?is way !y w /r5g!n & support ea* o!r1 & =m s great a def5ce aga9/ ! viol5t gu/s ( w9d1 to :i* our climate is frequ5tly subject 9 ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/1 z to prev5t _! be+ bl[n d[n4 ,!y w1 likewise1 =m a ?ree-sid$ pyramid1 :i* w h ! greate/ possible advantage f ! sun4 ,x is sugge/$ by exp]i5ce1 t hops :i* gr[ ne> ! gr\nd are ! be/4 ,too long poles1 !re=e1 are n good1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! v9es d n run beyond ! poles1 twi/+ (f _! tops w prev5t x4 ,! be/ k9ds ( wood = poles are ald]1 a%1 bir*1 elm1 *e/nut1 & c$>1 _! durability is directly ! rev]se ( ! ord] 9 :i* !y /&2 *>r+1 or burn+ ! end put into ! gr\nd1 w pres]ve !m4 ,hops %\ld n be pol$ till ! spr+ ( ! second ye>1 & !n n till !y h be5 dress$4 ,all t is necess>y = ! fir/ ye>1 is to keep ! hops free f we$s1 & ! gr\nd light & mell[ by hoe+ & pl\gh+ (t51 if ! y>d be l>ge en\gh to admit ( x4 ,! v9es1 :5 run to ! l5g? ( f\r or five feet1 %\ld be twi/$ toge!r1 to prev5t _! be>+ ! fir/ ye>1 = t w\ld injure !m4 ,9 ! mon?s ( ,m>* or ,april1 ( ! second ye>1 ! hills mu/ be op5$1 & all ! spr\ts or suck]s cut (f1 )9 "o in* ( ! old root1 b t mu/ be left entire ) ! roots t run d[n2#f !n cov] ! hills ) f9e e>? & manure4 ,! hops mu/ be kept free f we$s & ! gr\nd mell[ by hoe+ (t5 ?r\gh ! season1 & hills ( e>? gradually rais$ ar\nd ! v9es dur+ ! summ]4 ,! v9es mu/ be assi/$ 9 runn+ on ! poles ) wool5 y>n1 suff]+ !m to run ) ! sun4 ,by ! la/ ( ,augu/1 or ! fir/ ( ,septemb]1 ! hops w be ripe1 & fit to ga!r4 ,?is may be easily kn[n by _! col\r *ang+1 & hav+ a fragrant smell2 _! se$ gr[s br[n & h>d4 ,z soon z ripe1 !y mu/ be ga!r$ )\t delay1 = a /orm or fro/ w injure !m mat]ially4 ,! mo/ exp$iti\s me?od ( pick+ hops1 is to cut ! v9es ?ree feet f ! gr\nd1 pull up ! poles & lay !m on crot*es1 horizontally1 at a height t may be conv5i5tly rea*$1 put "u !m a b9 ( equal l5g?1 & f\r may /& on ea* side to pick at ! same "t4 ,fair wea!r %\ld always be *os5 to ga!r hops & !y %\ld nev] be ga!r$ :5 dew or moi/ure is on !m1 z x subjects !m to m\ld4 ,!y %\ld be dri$ z soon z possible aft] !y are ga!r$2 if n imm$iately1 !y mu/ be spread on a floor to prev5t _! *ang+ col\r4 ,! be/ mode ( dry+ !m is ) a fire ( *>coal & kiln1 cov]$ ) hair clo? 9 ! mann] ( a malt-kiln4#g ,! fire %\ld be /eady & equal1 & ! hops g5tly /irr$ f "t to "t4 ,great att5tion is necess>y 9 ?is "p ( ! bus9ess1 t ! hops be uni=mly & suffici5tly dri$2 if too mu* dri$ !y w look br[n1 &1 ( c\rse1 be mat]ially injur$ 9 _! quality1 & proportionably r$uc$ 9 _! price4 ,if too little dri$1 !y w lose _! natural col\r & flav\r4 ,!y %\ld be on ! hair clo? ab\t six in*es ?ick aft] x _h be5 mod]ately w>m$1 !n a /eady fire kept up till ! hops are ne>ly dry1 le/ ! moi/ure or sweat ! fire has rais$ %\ld fall back & *ange _! col\r4 ,aft] ! hops h be5 9 ?is situation sev51 eight1 or n9e h\rs1 & h got ?r\gh sweat+1 & :5 /ruck ) a /ick w leap up2 !n ?r[ !m into a heap1 mix !m well1 & spread !m aga91 & let !m rema9 till !y are all equally dry4 ,:ile !y are 9 a sweat1 x w be be/ n to move !m = fe> ( burn+1 slack5 ! fire1 :5 ! hops are to be turn$1 & increase x aft]w>ds4 ,hops are suffici5tly dri$1 :5 _! inn] /alks break %ort1 & _! leaves become crisp1 & fall (f easily4 ,!y w crackle a little :5 _! se$ is bur/+1 & !n !y %\ld be remov$ f ! kiln4 ,hops t are dri$ 9 ! sun lose _! ri* flav\r1 &1 if "u cov]1 !y are apt to f]m5t & *ange ) ! wea!r1 & lose _! /r5g?2 mod]ate fire pres]ves ! col\r & flav\r ( ! hops1 by evaporat+ ! wat]1 & reta9+ ! oil ( ! hop4 ,aft] ! hops are tak5 f ! kiln1 !y %\ld be laid 9 a heap1 to acquire a little moi/ure to fit !m = bagg+4 ,x w\ld be well to exclude !m f air by cov]+ !m ) blankets4 ,?ree or f\r days w be suffici5t = !m to be 9 t /ate4 ,:5 ! hops are s moi/ t !y may be press$ toge!r )\t break+1 !y are fit = bagg+4 ,bags made ( co>se l95 clo?1 elev5 feet 9 l5g?1 & sev5 9 circumf]5ce1 :i* hold ab\t two hundr$ p\nds weight1 are mo/ commonly us$ 9 ,europe3 b any size t be/ suits may be made use (4 ,to bag hops1 a hole is made ?r\gh ! floor ( a l(t1 l>ge en\gh = a man to pass ?r\gh ) ease4 ,! bag mu/ be fa/5$ to a hoop1 l>g] ?an ! hole1 t ! floor may s]ve to support ! bag2 = ! conv5i5ce ( h&l+ ! bags1 "s hops %\ld be ti$ up 9 ea* corn] ( ! bag1 to s]ve z h&les4 ,! hops %\ld be gradually ?r[n into ! bag1 & trod d[n cont9ually1 till ! bag is fill$4 ,! m\? ( ! bag mu/ !n be s[n up1 & ! hops are !n fit = m>ket4 ,! clos] & h>d] hops are pack$1 ! long] & bett] !y w keep2 b !y %\ld be kept dry4 ,9 mo/ p>ts ( ,great ,brita9 :]e hops are cultivat$1 !y e/imate ! *>ge ( cultivat+ "o acre ( hops at =ty-two doll>s1 = manur+ & till+1 exclusive ( poles & r5t ( l&2 poles !y e/imate at sixte5 doll>s p] annum1 b 9 ?is c\ntry !y w\ld n am\nt to half t sum2 "o acre is comput$ to require ?ree ?\s& poles1 :i* w la/ f eight to twelve ye>s1 accord+ to ! quality ( ! wood us$4 ,! ,engli% gr[]s ( hops ?9k !y h a v indiff]5t crop if ! produce ( "o acre does n am\nt to "o hundr$ & ?irty-?ree doll>s1 b1 mu* m frequ5tly1 x am\nts to two hundr$ doll>s1 & sometimes s high z f\r hundr$ doll>s p] acre4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 exp]im5ts h be5 equally flatt]+4 ,a g5tleman 9 ,massa*usetts1 9 ! summ] ( #agia1 rais$ hops1 f "o acre ( gr\nd t sold = ?ree hundr$ doll>s2 x is all[$1 t l& 9 ?is /ate is equally fav\rable to ! gr[? ( hops4 ,^u a l[ e/imate1 we may fairly compute ! nett pr(it ( "o acre ( hops to be eighty doll>s1 ov] & above poles1 manure1 & lab\r2 & 9 a good ye> a great deal m might be expect$4 ,!re is "o circum/ance fur!r we ?9k has weight1 & ought to be m5tion$3 9 ! ,engli% e/imate ! exp5se put d[n is :at !y c hire ! lab\r done = by ^? :o make x _! bus9ess to p]=m ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! cultivation4 ,a great sav+ may1 !re=e1 be made by our f>m]s 9 ! article ( lab\r1 = mu* ( x may be p]=m$ by wom5 & *ildr54 ,add$ to ?is1 we h ano!r advantage ( no small mom5t 9 ?is c\ntry3 ! hop h>ve/ w come betwe5 our two great h>ve/s1 ! small gra9 & ,indian corn1 )\t int]f]+ ) ei!r b 9 ,engl& ! case is o!rwise3 ! small gra9 & hop h>ve/ come 9 toge!r1 & create a great sc>city ( h&s1 x be+ !n ! mo/ busy season ( ! ye>4 ,x is f\nd1 by exp]i5ce1 t ! soil & climate ( ! ea/]n /ates are m fav\rable to ! gr[? ( hops ?an ,great ,brita92 !y n be+ s subject to moi/1 foggy wea!r ( long cont9uance1 :i* is mo/ injuri\s to hops2 & ! s\!rn & middle /ates are /ill m fav\rable to ! gr[? ( hops ?an ! ea/]n /ates1 9 po9t ( flav\r & /r5g?4 ,! ,/ate ( ,new-,york unites "s advantages f ei!r extreme ( ! union4 ,! cultivators ( l& 9 ?is /ate h e inducem5t1 :i* policy or int]e/ c (f]1 to ent] ) _s into ! cultivation ( hops2 z we %all !reby be able to supply our own dem&1 :i* is n[ e ye> increas+1 in/ead ( s5d+ to our neighb\rs = e bag we consume2 a circum/ance ! m unacc\ntable1 z hops1 are on all h&s1 all[$ to be "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable crops t c be rais$2 ! culture requires b little l&1 ! lab\r may be p]=m$ at int]vals1 s z n to int]f]e ) o!r bus9ess ( ! f>m1 & be g5]ally p]=m$ by wom5 & *ildr54 ,!re is h>dly a f>m] 9 ?is /ate b may1 ) ease1 raise f "o qu>t] ( an acre1 to z mu* z ?ree or f\r acres1 ! advantage ( :i* w\ld1 9 a few ye>s1 be mo/ s5sibly felt bo? by ! individual conc]n$1 & ! /ate at l>ge4 ,9 ! city ( ,new-,york !re are1 at pres5t1 a numb] ( l>ge & respectable brew]ies1 & new ones1 f "t to "t1 may reasonably be expect$ to be add$ to _! numb]4 ,all ^! e/abli%m5ts are n[ suppli$ ) hops f ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut2 ^! consid]ations %\ld c]ta9ly /imulate a few spirit$ cultivators to lead ! way1 & raise hops2 _! laudable example w\ld soon be foll[$ by o!rs2 s t 9 a few ye>s we %\ld h prime hops ( our own 9 abundance1 = home consumption or exportation4 ,?is subject w1 ,i hope1 appe> suffici5tly important to recomm5d itself2 to say m is !re=e unnecess>y4 #e ,( ! diff]5t k9ds ( hops1 ! long :ite is ! mo/ e/eem$2 x yields ! greate/ quantity1 & is ! mo/ beautiful4 ,! beauty ( hops consi/s ( _! be+ ( a pale bright gre5 color4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to obta9 all ( "o sort2 b if diff]5t sorts are us$1 !y mu/ be kept sep>ate 9 ! field1 = !re is a mat]ial diff]5ce 9 _! "t ( rip5+2 & if mix$ 9 ! field1 w occasion extra tr\ble at ! "t ( ga!r+ !m 94 #f ,hops mu/ be dress$ e ye>1 z soon z ! fro/ w p]mit2 on ?is be+ well done dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 ! success ( ! crop4 ,x is ?\ght by _m to be ! be/ me?od to manure ! hop y>d 9 ! fall1 & cov] ! hills entirely ) ! manure1 ass]t+1 ) o!r advantages1 t ?is prev5ts ! fro/ f injur+ plants dur+ ! w9t]4 ,hops _h bett] be ga!r$ be=e !y are full ripe ?an rema9 till !y are ov] ripe1 = !n !y w lose _! se$ by ! w9d1 or on be+ h&l$4 ,! se$ is ! /ronge/ "p ( ! hop1 & :5 !y get too ripe w lose _! gre5 col\r1 :i* is v necess>y to pres]ve z ! mo/ valuable "p ( ! rema9d] ( text is illegible #g ,kilns cov]$ ) ! spl9t]s ( walnut1 or a%1 w answ] ! purpose1 & come *eap] ?an hair clo?4 ,b>ley ,cultivation4 ,h[ev] unconnect$ ?is subject may appe> ) a treatise on brew+1 ,i _c help ?9k+ t1 9 ?is c\ntry1 x is mu* m intimately connect$ ) x ?an "o w\ld1 at a fir/ view1 incl9e to suppose1 & = ! foll[+ reasons2 fir/1 ,because ! prop] cultivation ( b>ley is n g5]ally kn[n1 save 9 ! ea/]n /ates1 & b v little rais$ 9 any ( ! o!rs2 secondly1 ,)\t good b>ley x is impossible to make good malt1 consequ5tly1 good be]--& x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t a great proportion ( ! b>ley t is rais$1 ev5 9 ! ea/]n /ates1 is b v imp]fectly suit$ to ! purposes ( ! brew]y1 be+ :at is t]m$ w9t] b>ley1 & g5]ally a poor1 ?91 lank gra91 by no means qualifi$ to make good malt4 ,?is is s well kn[n 9 ,engl&1 t x is v r>ely met ) 9 ! b>ley m>kets1 & seldom1 or ev]1 pur*as$ by a brew]4 ,! summ]1 or spr+ b>ley1 always gett+ ! pref]5ce1 be+ ! l>ge/ bodi$ gra91 &1 ( c\rse1 ! be/ suit$ to ! purposes ( mak+ prime malt1 ! want ( :i*1 is frequ5tly sev]ely felt by ! brew]s ( ?is c\ntry1 f ! impossibility !y (t5 f9d !mselves 9 ( procur+ good b>ley1 be+ oblig$ to use su* z !y c get1 :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 is v ill suit$ to _! purpose4 ,x w be1 !n1 _! int]e/ to give e enc\ragem5t to ! f>m] to raise spr+ b>ley 9 pref]5ce to ! w9t]1 to procure ! be/ se$1 ( t description1 t he c f9d1 to clean x well1 to /eep x 9 well or spr+ wat] = twelve h\rs1 /irr+ x frequ5tly f ! bottom ( ! tub or vessel all ar\nd2 & previ\s to ea* /irr+1 all ! float+ gra9s1 se$ we$s1 c41 %\ld be c>efully skimm$ (f3 ?us no?+ w rema9 = se$ b s\nd & p]fect gra94 ,! fir/ wat] %\ld be drawn (f at ! end ( six h\rs1 & imm$iately replac$ by fre%2 ?is aga9 drawn (f at ! end ( six h\rs m2 x %\ld be s[n1 broad ca/1 ! foll[+ day1 be+ fir/ previ\sly mix$ ) a suffici5t quantity ( wood a%es to dry x z mu* z w be necess>y = ! purpose ( s[+4 ,?us manag$1 if ! gr\nd be 9 prop] til?1 & fitly prep>$1 ?is gra9 w make its appe>ance ! fif? or six? day aft] s[+2 :]eas1 if ! se$ be s[n dry1 x w probably be ?ree weeks or m be=e x comes up1 p>ticul>ly if ! season be dry4 ,i _c m =cibly recomm5d ?is practice ?an by giv+ a brief sket* ( an exp]im5t made 9 ,engl&1 & tak5 f ! ,ba? & ,we/ ( ,engl& ,society's reports4 ,a f>m] select$ f\r acres ( ! same field1 treat$ & prep>$ x = se$+ exactly 9 ! same way1 he !n divid$ x into two equal p>ts2 he s[$ "o "p ) dry se$1 9 ! common way1 ! o!r ) /eep$ se$1 z "h recomm5d$1 & ! consequ5ce 01 t ! latt] produc$ a d\ble crop1 al?\gh ! se$ 9 bo? cases 0 ! same1 save ! diff]5ce ( treatm5t4 ,! sup]ior quality & condition ( ! crop seem$ to keep pace ) ! increas$ quantity4 ,! beg9n+ or middle ( ,m>*1 if ! wea!r be dry1 is ! be/ "t to s[ spr+ or summ] b>ley4 ,?is mode ( prep>+ se$ :eat1 is highly recomm5d$ z an assur$ pres]vative aga9/ ! smut1 fly1 c41 insur+ a s\nd good crop ( gra94 ,b>ley %\ld be always cut 9 dry wea!r1 yet n suff]$ to be too ripe be=e cutt+2 /ack+ x 9 ! field = a few weeks be=e remov+ x to ! b>n1 helps & prep>es x = malt+1 by sweat+ & dry+ x4 ,b>ley1 imm$iately br\ght to ! malt h\se f ! field1 r>ely makes good malt1 z a great proportion ( x becomes /aggy1 & w n gr[4 ,^? :o c corroborate ! tru? ( ^! rem>ks1 & suffici5tly appreciate !m1 w readily ju/ify & excuse ?is seem+ dep>ture f ! orig9al plan ( ?is little "w4 ,table ,be]4 ,!re is no production ( ! brew]y m important to society ?an good table be]1 :e!r x be consid]$ z a dilu5t to animal food1 or a diet dr9k 9 fev] cases1 ev5 ( ! mo/ malignant k9d1 :]e1 to my k1 x has be5 pref]r$ to all o!rs1 & t ) ! greate/ success1 sanction$ by ! advice ( "s ( ! mo/ em95t physicians4 ,?is ju/ifies my recomm5d+ x1 & giv+ sev]al processes = mak+ ?is useful liquor4 ,small ,be] = ,%ipp+4 #ab ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #ab ,bu%els ( ,amb] ,malt4 -- #bd -- #ad lb4 ( ,hops4 ,cleans$ #bd ,b>rels4 ,let y\r malt be f9e gr\nd2 fir/ liquor #agb2 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r1 run d[n sm>tly2 beat ( second ma% #ahj2 ma% "o h\r1 /& two h\rs1 boil two h\rs2 mak+ y\r l5g? suffici5tly long to give "o b>rel ( be] to ea* bu%el ( malt4 ,pit* y\r tun at #gj degrees1 giv+ "o gallon ( solid ye/2 cleanse )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! fre%] ?is be] is s5t out ! bett]3 be+ v ?9 9 body & l[ pric$1 x _c be expect$ to la/ long4 ,keep+ ,table ,be]4 ,,process4 ,comm5c$ brew+ at six 9 ! morn+1 heat ( ! air #fj degrees1 p] ,fahr5heit's ,!rmomet]4 #dh ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #af ,bu%els ( ,amb] ,malt4 -- #fd -- #gb lb4 ( ,hops4 ,cleans$ #de ,b>rels ( ,table ,be]4 #aj lb4 liquorice ball1 :i* 0 previ\sly melt$ d[n 9 boil+ wat]1 by frequ5t /irr+1 to a liquid1 & !n put 9 ) ! hops :5 add$ to ! worts4 ,ran ! necess>y quantity ( boil+ wat] into ! ma% tun = ! fir/ ma%1 & :5 cool$ d[n to #afh1 comm5c$ ma%+1 :i* cont9u$ ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 /ood "o h\r1 ran d[n briskly2 ma%$ a second "t at #ahj1 = half an h\r2 /ood half an h\r2 mix$ bo? worts1 boil$ "o h\r & a half z h>d z possible1 ?r[+ into ! copp]1 be=e boil+1 half a p\nd ( gr\nd g+]1 ) half a p\nd ( gr\nd mu/>d2 pit*$ ^! worts at #gj degrees1 giv+ #c gallons ( solid ye/2 rema9$ 9 ! tun #cf h\rs1 & 0 head$ ov]1 be=e cleans+1 ) f\r p\nds ( fl\r & "o p\nd ( salt mix$ toge!r4 ,?is k9d ( be] w h att5uat$ suffici5tly 9 f #cj to #cf h\rs4 ,small ,be] ( ! be/ k9d1 h[ brew$1 :i*1 9 a good cell>1 w keep z long z c be reasonably want$4 ,,mat]ials4 #ae bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #g lb4 ,hops4 ,cleans$ #aj #a_/b ,b>rels ,be]1 heat ( ! air #ej by ,fahr5heit's ,!rmomet]4 ,boil$ ! fir/ copp]2 drew ! fire2 !n ran t5 in*es ( boil+ hot wat] into ! keeve2 add$ two in*es ( cold wat]1 mix$ bo? well toge!r1 :i* made up at #afh2 !n put 9 ! malt gradually1 ma%+ all ! "t1 = ab\t half an h\r2 ! ma% be+ ?91 did n require a long] op]ation4 ,be=e ma%+1 rubb$ ! #g p\nds ( hops 9 a tub1 spr9kl+ ov] !m1 :5 rubb$1 ab\t "o qu>t] ( a p\nd ( :ite salt1 !n p\r$ on boil+ wat] 9 suffici5t quantity to saturate !m well1 aft] :i* !y 7 close cov]$2 ! keeve hav+ /ood two h\rs1 ! tap 0 set1 & ran d[n twelve in*es4 ,did n boil ! second copp]1 b rais$ its heat to #ahd1 ma%$ a second "t1 & /ood "o h\r1 ran d[n z be=e1 & complet$ ! l5g? 9 ! und]bank1 cle>$ ! copp]1 _h x r9c$ out1 got up ! worts1 put 9 ! hops1 extract & all1 made up ! fire1 & boil$ "o h\r & a half z h>d z possible1 previ\sly add+ to !m f\r p\nds ( br[n sug> t _h be5 dissolv$ 9 a bucket ) hot wat]1 also half a p\nd ( gr\nd mu/>d2 ?is be] rema9$ on ! cool]s ab\t eight h\rs1 pit*$ x next morn+ at #gb degrees1 add+ only "o gallon ( solid ye/1 ran sl[ly into ! tun :i* made up at #fa degrees2 came on gradually1 rema9$ 9 ! tun #ca h\rs1 & rais$ to #ff1 af=d+ b two degrees ( att5uation4 ,not)/&+ ?is be] work$ well 9 ! casks1 yet mod]ately1 0 frequ5tly fill$ at close int]vals1 & 0 glass f9e ! fif? day4 ,! sug> 0 add$ to assi/ ! col\r z well z ! /r5g?1 ! mu/>d to give flav\r4 ,ano!r ,me?od4 ,to brew small be] some:at /rong]1 take #cj bu%els ( pale malt1 7h x gr\nd f9e17 #aj p\nd ( hops1 /eep !m z 9 ! prec$+ process4 ,turn out ( y\r copp] #af b>rels ( be]1 give y\r fir/ liquor at #afe1 y\r second at #age1 ma%1 run d[n1 /&1 & boil z be=e4 ,b be=e y comm5ce brew+1 take five p\nds ( br[n sug>1 put x into a metal pot ) "s wat]1 set x on ! fire1 keep x con/antly /irr+ till x beg9s to smell /rong1 !n take x (f ! fire1 & add to x1 gradually1 ?ree gallons ( wat]1 at ! temp]ature ( blood heat1 /irr+ ! wat] & ! sug> well toge!r1 till ! :ole be p]fectly bl5d$2 ?is prep>$ liquor %\ld be add$ to ! worts 9 ! copp] be=e boil+4 ,! f]m5tation1 c41 to be conduct$ z be=e1 save only ! pit*+1 ye/1 to be increas$ by half a gallon1 :i* half gallon is n to be add$ to ! worts until twelve h\rs aft] ! fir/ gallon4 ,att5uation %\ld proce$ until ! heat rises f\r degrees above ! pit*+ heat1 :i* %\ld be ! same z 9 ! prec$+ process4 ,9 bo? in/ances1 ! tuns %\ld be cov]$ dur+ ! p]iod ( f]m5tation1 b tak5 (f = ! purpose ( r\s+ be=e cleans+2 ^! cov]s %\ld be put on aga91 9 ord] to prev5t ! disp]sion or wa/e ( ! gasses1 :i* is always a loss ( spirituosity4 ,a good s\nd keep+ ,table ,be] may be ,brew$ f :eat5 ,bran & ,%orts1 &1 9 _m situations1 :5 ,malt _c be procur$1 w\ld be f\nd an excell5t sub/itute4 ,?is process is well wor? ! att5tion ( h\sekeep]s4 ,,process ,,z ,,foll[s3 #dj ,bu%els ( ,%orts4 #bj ,bu%els ( ,bran4 #af lb4 ( ,hops w give #be ,b>rels ( ,small ,be]4 ,boil y\r fir/ copp]1 run into y\r ma% tun z mu* boil+ wat] z1 :5 r$uc$ ) cold1 w br+ x to ! temp]ature ( #a4j1 !n comm5ce y\r ma%+ op]ation1 putt+ 9 two bu%els ( %orts1 & "o bu%el ( bran at a "t2 :5 ^! are well mix$ ) ! wat]1 put 9 m1 ma% aga91 & s cont9ue to d till all is 92 x w take f half an h\r to ?ree qu>t]s to ma% ?is quantity prop]ly2 let y\r ma% /& two h\rs1 run d[n z 9 ! prec$+ processes1 & give y\r second liquor #afe2 ma% a second "t1 /& "o h\r1 boil y\r fir/ wort "o h\r v h>d ) half y\r hops1 :i* %\ld h be5 /eep$1 rubb$1 & salt$1 z be=e direct$2 boil y\r second wort "o h\r & a half 9 ! same way1 putt+ on ! rema9d] ( y\r hops1 ) "o p\nd ( gr\nd mu/>d1 & five p\nds ( br[n sug>1 r$uc$1 by boil+1 to a col\r+ matt]1 z already direct$ 9 ! previ\s process2 make up y\r two boil+s 9 y\r tun at ! heat ( #fe1 giv+ ?ree gallons ( solid ye/2 let y\r att5uation proce$ t5 degrees1 or to #ge1 !n cleanse1 & cont9ue to fill y\r casks 9 ! usual way4 ,x has be5 f\nd t be] brew$ f ^! mat]ials has /ood ! summ] heats mu* bett] ?an be] brew$ f malt alone2 ?is may be acc\nt$ = by ! extract ( malt possess+ a mu* l>g] proportion ( sac*>9e matt] ?an t obta9able f bran & %orts4 ,9 families1 ?is be] may be brew$ 9 ! proportion ( "o or two b>rels at a "t2 & 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e brew]'s ye/ may n be procurable1 leav51 dilut$ ) blood-w>m wat]1 may be sub/itut$ = brew]'s ye/1 & w answ]1 b n s well2 nei!r w att5uation g s high1 z f]m5tation ) leav51 :5 appli$ to liquids1 is g5]ally languid & sl[4 ,s+le ,ale & ,table ,be]4 #ajj ,bu%els ( ,malt4 #fj lb4 ( ,hops4 ,heat ( ! air #ej degrees4 ,cleans$ or tunn$ #cj ,b>rels ( ,s+le ,ale2 ) #af ,b>rels ( ,table ,be] aft]4 ,fir/1 or ma%+ liquor1 #afh1 run y\r :ole quantity ( boil+ liquor into y\r ma% tun1 & :5 x cools d[n to ! above po9t ( #afh1 beg9 to run 9 y\r malt gradually f y\r malt b92 ?is quantity w require f\r or five h&s to ma% x well1 :i* w g5]ally take ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r2 :5 suffici5tly ma%$1 cov] y\r tun1 let x /& two h\rs2 run d[n ?is fir/ ma% sm>tly by two cocks )9 ! h\r2 let y\r hops be rubb$1 /eep$1 & salt$1 z be=e direct$2 add$ to ^! worts1 z !y began to boil1 ?ree gallons ( ! ess5tia b9a or liquid col\r+1 ) "o p\nd & a half ( gr\nd mu/>d1 & "o p\nd ( liquorice root f9ely p[d]$1 boil$ ! :ole two h\rs z h>d z possible1 !re be+ a second copp] = ?is op]ation1 !re 0 liquor prep>$ = ! small be] & run on ! keeve at ! heat ( #ahe2 ma%$ well a second "t1 & /ood two h\rs2 by ?is "t ! fir/ wort 0 let run into ! hop back1 & s on ! cool]4 ,aft] :i*1 ran d[n ! small be]1 got x into ! small copp]1 add+ ab\t six h& buckets ( ! hops t _h be5 boil$ on ! s+le ale2 ^! answ]$ to pres]ve ! be]1 ) "o p\nd ( gr\nd mu/>d to assi/ flav\r1 & two gallons ( ! ess5tia b9a to give col\r2 boil$ ! small be] "o h\r sm>tly4 ,! /rong worts 7 let into ! tun 9 ?ree portions1 !re be+ ?ree cool]s2 ! fir/ division1 at #fe1 _h two gallons & a half ( ye/ giv5 to x2 ! second1 at #ff1 ! same quantity ( ye/2 ! ?ird1 at #fe1 0 let d[n )\t ye/1 :5 all 7 9 ! tun made up at #fd2 9 ?irte5 h\rs ! tun _h a h&some appe>ance ( "w2 came on regul>ly1 & att5uat$ to #gf1 hav+ ga9$ #ab degrees )9 sixty h\rs1 !n cleans$ & fill$ ! casks e ?ree h\rs = ! fir/ eight fill+s4 ,?us manag$1 ?is s+le ale 0 fit to s5d out ! fif? day aft] brew+4 ,:5 ?is ale is rack+ (f ! butts1 to be s5t out1 w\ld recomm5d putt+ two ounces ( gr\nd rice into ea* b>rel :i* w create briskness1 & mu* improve ! be]4 ,ran ! small be] into ! hop back ( ! /rong be]1 & s on ! cool]s1 !reby giv+ x a *ance to lick up all ! /rong ale x met ) 9 its progress to ! tun1 :i* x ent]$ at #fe ) ?ree gallons ( ye/1 & 0 cleans$ )9 ?irty-six h\rs4 ,! quantity ( be] "h m5tion$ w\ld be mu* improv$ by ! addition ( six or sev5 p\nds ( br[n sug> or molasses2 b if good table be] is want$1 x c be only obta9$ f :ole gri/s ( malt1 & is well wor? ! diff]5ce ( exp5se to ^? :o c af=d x1 & appreciate quality4 ,/rong ,be]4 ,brew$1 ,novemb]1 #ahaj1 ! foll[+ mat]ials4 ,heat ( ! air #ej degrees4 #dj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #bj ,bu%els ( ,amb] ,malt4 -- #fj -- #dj lb4 ( ,hops1 ! be/ quality4 ,cleans$ #bj ,b>rels ( ,be]4 ,rubb$1 salt$1 & /eep$ ! hops1 z already direct$1 9 a close vessel1 ran a suffici5t quantity ( boil+ wat] on ! ma% tun = ! fir/ ma%1 :i* 0 suff]$ to cool d[n to #afe2 ma%$ well = ne>ly "o h\r1 /ood two h\rs2 ran d[n sm>tly1 boil$ ! fir/ wort "o h\r v h>d1 ) ab\t half ! hops2 ma%$ a second "t at ab\t #ahe3 took ab\t half an h\r 9 ! op]ation1 ran d[n sm>tly aft] two h\rs' /&+1 got up ?is second ma% sm>tly into ! copp]1 tak+ ! necess>y precaution ( r9c+ ! copp] out clean1 = ! reception ( ! second wort1 :i* 0 boil$ two h\rs v h>d1 ) ! rema9d] ( ! hops2 ^! two worts 7 run toge!r on ! same cool]2 aft] /&+ a few h\rs1 7 run on a second cool]1 & !re suff]$ to rema9 till !y came d[n to #fe2 7 !n let into ! tun1 ) two gallons ( solid ye/1 by a l>ge plug hole 9 a few m9utes s z to h sc>cely suff]$ any dim9ution ( _! heat2 9 twelve h\rs aft]1 !re 0 add$ two gallons m ( ye/1 r\s$ ! tun a second "t1 came on gradually1 & att5uat$ )9 #ef h\rs t5 degrees1 & s 0 cleans$ at ! heat ( #ge1 ?is be] 0 fill$ e two h\rs1 = ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r1 & 9 a few days m became transp>5tly f9e2 ?is be] %\ld h add$ to x1 be=e s5d+ out1 f\r ounces ( /eep$ hops1 & two ounces ( gr\nd rice to ea* b>rel2 ! five p\nds ( hops want$ = ?is op]ation is previ\sly put to /eep 9 a clean tub ) "s ( ! be]4 ,?is be]1 if ?us brew$ ) good mat]ials1 & treat$ z direct$1 w be f\nd to give satisfaction4 ,dur+ ! w9t] half ye>1 ! f]m5t+ tun %\ld be always cov]$2 9 summ]1 only p>tially s2 ! less /rong be] is attempt$ to be brew$ 9 t season ! bett]1 z x w n keep1 necessity alone %\ld compel ! brew] to "w1 9 ?is c\ntry1 dur+ ! summ] mon?s2 & !n at small be] only4 ,table ,be]1 ,engli% me?od ( brew+ x4 ,take #h bu%els ( ,malt1 & #f lb4 ( ,hops4 ,?is quantity ( mat]ials %\ld deliv] f\r b>rels ( be]4 ,fir/ liquor #afa2 ma% ! fir/ "t "o h\r4 ,second liquor #agj2 ma% ! second "t half an h\r4 ,?ird liquor #aeb2 ma% ! ?ird "t tw5ty m9utes4 ,boil ! ?ree runn+s toge!r = two h\rs 9 a close cov]$ copp]2 ?ree p9ts ( good solid ye/ w be suffici5t to pit* ?is quantity1 mix+ x1 be=e add+1 ) ab\t "o gallon ( ! wort1 !n add ?is to ! re/2 a l[ att5uation = ?is k9d ( be] w n answ]1 ! specific gravity be+ too light1 ! f]m5tation r>ely exce$+ #cj h\rs 9 ! tun4 ,x be+ g5]ally want$ = imm$iate use2 x is pit*$ high1 & work$ quick4 ,x is fur!r important to bung x d[n close z soon z x has done work+4 ,?is k9d ( be] may be securely & advantage\sly adm9i/]$ to fev] pati5ts1 in/ead ( o!r dr9k3 ,i h kn[n x to be att5d$ ) ! happie/ consequ5ces4 ,unboil$ be]1 h[ ,brew$4 ,! foll[+ process1 ,i confess1 ,i nev] myself tri$1 b1 f ! mann] x 0 spok5 ( by ! p>ty giv+ x1 ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d a trial ( x on a small scale1 at fir/1 until its advantages & sup]iority 0 well asc]ta9$ ov] ! old & long e/abli%$ mode ( boil+ wort4 ,ma% y\r full complem5t ( malt1 or r "o ?ird m1 & t 9 ! usual way1 7suppose y are brew+ /rong be]17 & :ile y\r ma% /&s1 let y\r copp] h z mu* cold wat] run into x z w save x f burn+2 r\se y\r fire1 salt & rub y\r hops1 z recomm5d$ 9 previ\s processes2 let _! quantity be increas$ "o ?ird m ?an if brew$ 9 ! ord9>y way2 & :5 got into y\r copp]1 cov] close1 & let ^! hops simm] = two h\rs1 b n boil2 !n run d[n y\r fir/ wort 9 suffici5t quantity z1 :5 add$ to ! wat] & ! extract ( ! hops1 w give y ! l5g? y contemplate2 y w obs]ve ! malt is increas$ to meet ! quantity ( wat] 9 ! copp]2 b ?is _c be consid]$ a loss1 z ! second ma% w answ] = s+le ale1 or good table be]2 ! hops 9 ! same way4 ,:5 y h got y\r int5d$ complem5t ( /rong wort 9 y\r copp]1 r\se x well1 cov] close1 & let y\r copp] /& two h\rs m1 keep+ up a mod]ate fire j en\gh to make x simm] b n boil2 dur+ ?is "t y\r second ma% may be go+ on ) wat] f y\r second copp]2 ?is1 z already /at$1 w make s+le ale1 or good table be]2 if ! latt]1 x may be boil$ 9 ! usual way1 b n long] ?an half an h\r1 on acc\nt ( ! increas$ quantity ( hops2 :i* hops %\ld be all reta9$ 9 ! copp] aft] ! fir/ worts are run (f1 by means ( a /ra9] plac$ at ! m\? ( ! cock hole2 "o h\r /rong boil+ w be suffici5t = ! succe$+ wort1 if s+le ale be want$2 ! rema9d] ( ! process = bo? worts is ! same z already direct$ = su* quality ( dr9ks4 ,x 0 fur!r /at$ to me t unboil$ be] w appe> v turbid & unpromis+ = "s "t aft] x is brew$1 & w take ?ree mon?s at lea/ to come r\nd2 b t aft] t p]iod x w improve rapidly1 & become transp>5tly f9e2 :5 second worts are f\nd too weak1 !y may be assi/$ ) good ,muscovado sug>1 ( :i* eight p\nds is consid]$ equival5t to "o bu%el ( malt4 ,9 fact1 pleasant be] might be made f sug> alone1 )\t any malt4 ,/rong ,be]1 ( an excell5t quality & flav\r1 brew$ f ! extract ( ! ,hop only1 reject+ ! sub/ance4 ,?is extract 0 obta9$ by ! hot infusion1 9 a close cov]$ wood5 vessel set to infuse ! ev5+ be=e brew+2 9 ?is process "o ?ird m hops %\ld be all[$2 ^! hops ne$ n be wa/$1 z !y w answ] well = table be]1 or s+le ale1 brew$ accord+ to ! prec$+ processes2 b1 9 ei!r case1 "o h\r's /rong boil+ w answ] = s+le ale1 half an h\r = table be] w be suffici5t1 on acc\nt ( ! increas$ quantity ( hops4 ,:5 y h got up y\r fir/ wort 9 y\r copp]1 t y int5d to pres]ve ) extract1 boil ! fir/ half h\r )\t x1 & "o h\r ) x1 v h>d 9 bo? in/ances4 ,x %\ld h be5 m5tion$ t1 9 prep>+ y\r fir/1 or ma%+ liquor1 two p\nds ( rice is to be add$ to y\r wat] 9 ! copp] be=e boil+1 suppos+ ! l5g? ( y\r brew+ #bj b>rels1 or 9 t proportion4 ,/rong be] brew$ ) ! extract alone1 z "h recomm5d$1 has turn$ out rem>kably well1 & if ! hops are good1 w be f\nd m delicately flav\r$ ?an o!r be]2 suppos+ ! malt alike good4 ,pit*+1 cleans+1 & fill+1 to be conduct$ z already recomm5d$ 9 prec$+ processes1 ) ! tun close cov]$ dur+ ! f]m5tation4 ,table ,be]4 ,table be]1 ( a sup]ior quality1 may be brew$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 a process well wor? ! att5tion ( ! brew]1 ! g5tleman & ! f>m]1 :]eby ! be] is altoge!r prev5t$ f work+ out ( ! cask1 & ! f]m5tation conduct$ )\t any app>5t admission ( ! ext]nal air4 ,i h made ! scale = "o b>rel1 9 ord] to make x m g5]ally useful to ! community at l>ge2 h[ev]1 ! same proportions w answ] = a great] or less quantity1 only proportion+ ! mat]ials & ut5sils4 ,take "o peck ( good malt gr\nd1 "o p\nd ( hops1 put !m 9 tw5ty gallons ( wat]1 & boil !m = half an h\r1 !n run !m into a hair clo? bag1 or sieve1 s z to keep back ! hops & malt f ! wort1 :i*1 :5 cool$ d[n to #fe degrees by ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]1 add to !m #b gallons ( molasses1 ) "o p9t1 or a little less1 ( good ye/1 mix ^! ) y\r wort1 & put ! :ole into a clean b>rel1 & fill x up ) cold wat] to )9 f\r in*es ( ! bung hole1 7?is space is requisite to leave room = f]m5tation17 bung d[n tight1 & if brew$ = family use1 w\ld recomm5d putt+ 9 ! cock at ! same "t1 z x w prev5t ! necessity ( di/urb+ ! cask aft]w>ds2 9 "o =tnight ?is be] might be drawn1 & w be f\nd to improve to ! la/4 ,f]m5t+ & ,cleans+ 9 ! same ,vessel4 ,! foll[+ recomm5dation to brew]s is well wor? _! att5tion1 t is1 to f]m5t _! /rong1 or :at !y call _! /ock be]1 9 ! vat !y propose to keep x 91 until fit to turn out2 ?is practice w be f\nd advantage\s to ! flav\r & pres]v+ quality ( su* be]1 z close f]m5tation has a decid$ pref]5ce ov] :at is t]m$ op54 ,"o or m work]s may be plac$ 9 ! side ( su* vat1 a few in*es above ! surface ( ! enclos$ liquor2 ?us ! head z x rises w h ! opportunity ( runn+ (f2 su* f]m5tation %\ld fur!r be conduct$ coolly & sl[ly1 ! pit*+ heat1 9 ?is case1 %\ld n exce$ #fj degrees ( ,fahr5heit1 & ! ye/ "o ?ird 9 quantity less ?an if appli$ 9 op5 vessels1 b ! ye/ %\ld be mix$ ) a d\ble quantity ( ! wort at #fe1 9 a sep>ate vessel be=e pit*+4 ,:5 vats are want+1 ! op]ation may be conduct$ 9 hog%eads or butts1 all[+ a t9 or wood5 work] to ea* cask4 ,9 brew+ small quantities ( /rong be]1 ?is contrivance sup]s$es ! necessity ( f]m5t+ tuns1 or tr\ghs1 no small sav+ ( exp5se1 :il/ x makes ! be] m spirit\s & pres]v+4 ,! annex$ plate %[s ! =m & application ( ! work]1 :e!r ( t9 or wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,! cask 9 :i* ! work] is plac$4 ,b ,! sp\t ( ! work]1 :i* takes (f ! ye/4 ,c ,! plug at ! angle ( ! work] to admit ! pipe ( a tundi%1 9 ord] to fill ! cask z x works4 ,ano!r ,me?od ( f]m5t+ ,/rong ,be] t might be expect$ to produce a pure & excell5t liquor4 ,ma%1 run d[n1 & boil 9 ! usual way1 suff] y\r worts1 aft] draw+ y\r fire1 to rema9 on y\r copp] two h\rs1 doors & hat* op54 ,if 9 w9t]1 ! deep] y\r worts lie on ! cool] ! bett]2 :5 !y h come d[n to ! prop] heat ( pit*+1 give y\r ye/ to !m on ! cool]1 mix+ x g5tly ) ! :ole guile1 & :5 prop]ly head$ ) ye/1 :i* w probably happ5 )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 run (f y\r worts g5tly into b>rels1 leav+ y\r top & bottom ye/ on ! cool] undi/urb$1 till all ! cool] is cle>$2 b previ\s to runn+ y\r worts into ! b>rels1 put half a p9t ( good solid ye/ into ea*1 & :5 full1 clap y\r t9 work]s into ! bung holes1 & s let x f9i% its f]m5tation = ab\t a week long]1 fill+ ! casks occasionally z !y "w4 ,:5 done work+1 bung d[n or vat !m2 if y wi% to add any k9d ( flav\r+ sub/ance to ?is be]1 ! be/ "t to d x is at comm5c+ ! second f]m5tation1 exp]i5ce tea*+ t all f]m5t$ liquors %\ld h su* sub/ances add$ to !m dur+1 or at ! comm5cem5t ( _! f]m5tation1 :i* is pref]able to add+ ^! sub/ances 9 ! boil2 ,i mean spices1 & delicate flav\r+ sub/ances4 ,process ( ,brew+ ,w9dsor ,ale on a small scale4 ,w9dsor ale is a v pale1 light1 agreeable ale1 z f9e z w9e1 & unque/ionably ! be/ f]m5t$ ( any malt liquor s5t to ! ,london m>ket4 ,l5g? drawn1 ?ree b>rels p] qu>t] ( eight bu%els1 ! malt pale1 ) two p\nds ( hops ( ! fir/ quality2 heat ( ! fir/ liquor #ahb1 two b>rels ( :i* is g5]ally all[$ to ea* qu>t] ( malt1 = ! fir/ ma%2 "o b>rel p] qu>t] = ! second2 ! same quantity = ! ?ird is z little liquor z c be disp5s$ ) 9 ?ree ma%+s2 = %ort liquor & /iff ma%es are ess5tial to ?is quality ( ale1 9 ord] to leave z little z possible 9 ! copp] = evaporation on acc\nt ( ! %ort boil+4 ,ma% quick1 run d[n quick1 get y\r wort z f9e z possible into y\r und]bank2 let y\r fir/ ma% /& two h\rs1 y\r second "o h\r & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,give y\r second ma%+ liquor at #aij2 if y ma% a ?ird "t1 give y\r liquor at #age2 /& half an h\r2 ^! worts %\ld be pit*$ f #eb to #fj1 b n high]4 ,! mode ( do+ s is also diff]5t f ! g5]ality ( o!r malt liquor2 y\r ye/ %\ld be fre%1 smoo?1 & solid4 ,beg9 ye/+ ?is ale a few b>rels at a "t1 & :5 t has caught1 add ! rema9d] gradually1 9 ab\t #dh h\rs1 or f t to #fj4 ,?is guile ( ale w assume a close head ( ye/1 :i* %\ld be c>efully skimm$ (f z fa/ z x =ms aft] ! fir/ skimm+3 by ?is is n meant ! fir/ or worty head =m$ soon aft] ! ye/ has tak51 b ! close ye/y head already m5tion$1 :i* usually takes ! "t /at$1 say f #dh to #fj h\rs1 :5 no m ye/ rises1 & ! guile rema9s q flat2 y w f9d ! heat y pit*$ at1 say #ef1 #eh1 or #fj degrees w by ?is "t h increas$ to #hj1 or ev5 m1 & ! specific gravity ( ! wort dim9i%$ f #bf or #bg p\nd p] b>rel1 to six or sev5 p\nd p] b>rel2 ?is att5uation w give x all ! pung5cy & spirituosity x /&s 9 ne$ (4 ,at ?is "t y\r cleans+ op]ation comm5ces2 aft] :i* x w "w b little 9 ! casks4 ,x %\ld be fill$ regul>ly e two or ?ree h\rs1 aft] cleans+1 = ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r4 ,aft] x has done work+1 y %\ld imm$iately />t x into an air-tight vat1 ) ab\t "o p\nd ( hops well rubb$ to e ?ree b>rels ( ale 9 y\r brew+2 if y use sp5t hops1 su* z has be5 boil$ on ! fir/ ma%1 y may use a great] quantity1 say half a p\nd m to ea* ?ree b>rels ( be]1 tak+ ! precaution t !y are become q cool4 ,?is ale1 ?us treat$1 w be f\nd glass f9e 9 ! c\rse ( a =tnight1 & fit to be rack$ (f into hog%eads or b>rels4 ,x w improve by age bo? 9 flav\r & quality4 ,b x %\ld n be boil$ m ?an fifte5 m9utes4 ,read+ ,be]1 h[ made4 ,read+ be] is made 9 a t[n ( t "n ab\t ?irty miles di/ant f ,london2 ! quality ( its be] is mu* spok5 (1 ! mode ( brew+ x is /at$ to be z foll[s3 ,scale ( ,brew+1 suppose #bb ,b>rels4 #hj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #ih lb4 ( ,hops4 #c lb4 ( ,gra9s ( ,p>adise1 p\nd$ or gr\nd4 #e lb4 ( ,cori&] ,se$1 d4 #ad lb4 ( ! be/ br[n ,sug>4 ,y\r malt %\ld be "s days gr\nd1 & if expos$ on an op5 l(t1 aft] gr9d+1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,boil y\r fir/ copp]1 run on y\r ma% tun till y h y\r complem5t1 !n occasionally r\se y\r wat] ) y\r ma%+ o>s1 or da%]s1 till y get x d[n to #age3 put y\r malt 9 sl[ly1 = fe> ( sett+2 keep ma%+ all ! "t1 :i* %\ld be cont9u$ full "o h\r1 /& two h\rs1 run y\r worts1 :5 y set tap1 z f9e z y c get !m into y\r und]bank2 ?is y w effect by draw+ (f successively five or six buckets ( ! fir/ run1 & ?r[+ !m ov] y\r gra9s 9 ! ma% tun2 :5 y p]ceive !y come (f glass f9e1 lay by y\r bucket4 ,give y\r second ma%+ liquor at #agh degrees1 ma% ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 /& "o h\r4 ,give y\r ?ird liquor at #aeh1 ma% half an h\r1 /& "o h\r2 boil y\r fir/ copp] ( worts1 :i* %\ld take ! half ( y\r ?ree runs1 "o h\r z h>d z y c2 y\r second1 two h\rs 9 ! same way2 run ! two boil+s into "o cool]1 & pit* at #fd1 giv+ "o gallon ( solid smoo? ye/2 skim (f ! ye/1 z 9 ! case ( ,w9dsor ale1 until ! att5uation rises to #hj degrees1 :i* w h advanc$ x1 f ! pit*+ heat ( #fd1 sixte5 degrees4 ,be=e y comm5ce ! op]ation ( cleans+1 mix "o qu>t] ( a p\nd ( bay salt1 ) half a peck ( malt$ bean fl\r1 scatt] ?is mixture ov] ! surface ( y\r tun1 r\se well1 cleanse1 & fill 9 ! usual way4 ,two-p5ny ,amb] ,be]1 z brew$ 9 ,london4 ,?is be] is 9 great dem&1 & l>ge quantities ( x consum$1 & is suppos$ m pr(itable to ! brew] ?an any o!r species ( malt liquor1 x be+ g5]ally brew$1 drank1 & paid = )9 ! =tnight4 ,,process4 #bjj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #aab lb4 ( ,hops4 #bj lb4 ( ,liquorice ,ball #cj lb4 ( ,molasses1 #d lb4 ( ,gra9s ( ,p>adise1 gr\nd4 ,cleans$ #ha ,b>rels4 ,heat ( fir/ ma%+ liquor #afi2 ma% "o h\r1 /& two h\rs1 run d[n sm>tly2 specific gravity ( ?is wort #bf p\nd p] b>rel2 second ma% #agj1 ma% half an h\r1 /& "o h\r1 run d[n z be=e2 specific gravity ( ?is wort #aa p\nd & a half p] b>rel2 ?ird ma% #afj1 ma% tw5ty m9utes1 /& half an h\r2 gravity six p\nd p] b>rel2 divide ^! ?ree runn+s into two boil+s2 boil ! fir/ copp] = ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 ! second "o h\r1 9 bo? cases z h>d z possible2 ! hops & o!r +r$i5ts %\ld be put 9 at ! fir/ boil1 & s reta9$ 9 ! copp] by means ( a /ra9]2 pit* ^! worts at #fd degrees1 giv+ two gallons ( solid ye/ at fir/1 ) two gallons m 9 twelve h\rs aft]3 rema9$ 9 ! tun ab\t #fj h\rs1 or until its att5uation rea*$ #hj degrees2 us$ ov] ! surface ( ! tun1 be=e cleans+1 f\r p\nd ( gr\nd g+]1 half a p\nd ( bay salt1 & ab\t half a peck ( :eat5 fl\r1 mix$ all toge!r1 & scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ! tun2 r\s$ well1 & cleans$ #ha b>rels4 ,?is quality ( be]1 :5 brew$ f good mat]ials1 & manag$ z direct$1 makes a :olesome & a pleasant bev]age2 b1 to d x ju/ice1 %\ld h m "t all[$ x = com+ to p]fection4 ,london ,ale1 h[ brew$4 ,ale is1 ( all o!r malt liquor1 ! mo/ delicate1 & w be> less tamp]+ )4 ,x w !re=e require y\r nice/ c>e ?r\gh e "p ( ! process4 ,transp>5cy1 pung5cy1 & flav\r1 are qualities t highly recomm5d ?is liquor1 & %\ld be p>ticul>ly aim$ at by ! brew]4 ,h>d wat] is1 by "s1 suppos$ to be m fav\rable = mak+ ?is k9d ( ale ?an s(t4 ,heat ( ! air #fj degrees4 #bjj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt #bjf lb4 ( ,hops4 #d lb4 ( ,gra9s ( ,p>adise1 p\nd$ or gr\nd4 #d lb4 ( ,cori&] ,se$1 d4 #a lb4 ( ,orange ,p[d]1 d4 ,cleans$ #fe ,b>rels ( ,be]4 ,fir/ ma% #agc1 ma%$ "o h\r1 /ood "o h\r1 ran d[n sm>tly2 specific gravity ( ?is wort #cb p\nds p] b>rel2 ! heat appe>s m fav\rable = obta9+ ! :ole sweet ( ! ma% ?an ! prec$+ "o by six p\nds p] b>rel1 an object well wor? ! att5tion ( ! brew]2 second ma% #agb1 specific gravity ( ?is wort #bb p\nds p] b>rel2 ma%+1 /&+1 c41 ! same z 9 ! prec$+ process2 boil$ ! fir/ wort "o h\r2 ! second wort two h\rs1 v h>d 9 bo? in/ances2 pit*$ ! tun at #fb degrees giv+ two gallons ( ye/ at fir/1 & two gallons twelve h\rs aft]4 ,rema9$ 9 ! tun ab\t #hj h\rs1 or until x att5uat$ to #gd1 or twelve degrees ov] ! heat x 0 pit*$ at2 us$ ov] ! surface ( ! tun1 at cleans+1 f\r p\nd ( gr\nd g+]1 half a p\nd ( bay salt1 ) half a peck ( :eat fl\r well mix$1 r\s$ ! tun well4 ,y %\ld obs]ve1 9 work+ amb] be]1 to cleanse ) ! sweets on1 b 9 ale y %\ld "w x l[ 9 ord] to get ! sweets (f4 ,?is ale %\ld be c>efully fill$ z x works & closely att5d$ to until done work+2 !n put into ea* cask1 if ( a l>ge size1 two h&fuls ( sp5t hops1 t h be5 previ\sly cool$1 & b a %ort "t boil$2 !n bung d[n1 & x w be fit to s5d out4 ,w9dsor ,ale1 brew$ on a l>ge ,scale4 ,?is ale has exp]i5c$ s great a dem& 9 ,london & its vic9ity = a few ye>s back1 z mat]ially to affect ! ,london pale be] brew]y2 x is a liquor bett] calculat$ = w9t] ?an ! summ] season4 ,! ,london brew]s h be5 induc$ to brew on ! same pr9ciple1 & 9 _m in/ances !y exce$ ! orig9al4 ,"h foll[s ! ,london process = brew+ ?is k9d ( be]1 :i*1 ,i appreh5d1 w be well wor? ! ,am]ican brew]s' imitation1 z good ale is a species ( malt liquor r>ely met ) 9 ?is c\ntry4 #bjj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #bbd lb4 ( ,hops4 #dj lb ( ,honey4 #d lb4 ( ,cori&] ,se$1 gr\nd4 #b lb4 ( ! ,gra9s ( ,p>adise1 gr\nd4 #fe ,b>rels ,cleans$4 ,procure y\r hops ( ! be/ quality1 rub !m 9 "o or m l>ge tubs1 p\r cold wat] on !m 9 suffici5t quantity to wet !m all ov]1 & s let !m infuse till ! next day1 :i* %\ld be ! day on :i* y brew4 ,:5 y\r fir/ copp] has j boil$1 run a suffici5t quantity ( wat] into y\r ma% tun = y\r fir/ ma%2 & :5 ?is has cool$ d[n to #agf degrees1 run 9 y\r malt sl[ly1 & ma% well = "o h\r & a qu>t]2 aft] :i*1 let y\r ma% tun /& two h\rs1 run d[n sm>tly & f9e2 keep y\r ma% tun close cov]$ f ! "t y h done ma%+ till y beg9 to set tap2 give y\r second ma%+ liquor at #ahf1 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r1 run d[n z be=e2 give y\r ?ird liquor = ! la/ ma% at #afj1 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r run d[n z be=e2 divide ^! ?ree worts into two p>ts1 boil y\r fir/ copp] "o h\r1 putt+ 9 y\r +r$i5ts ) y\r hops1 save ! #dj p\nds ( honey1 :i* %\ld be res]v$ to be put into ! copp] a few m9utes be=e /rik+ (f2 r\se y\r copp] well at ! "t ( putt+ 9 ! honey1 & cont9ue ! same till run (f1 o!rwise1 x w pit* to ! bottom ( ! copp]1 & likely be ! cause ( burn+2 y\r second worts %\ld boil two h\rs on ! same hops & +r$i5ts1 :i* %\ld be reta9$ 9 ! copp] by a /ra9]1 pit* y\r tun at #fb degrees1 giv+ two gallons ( good ye/ at fir/1 & two gallons m 9 twelve h\rs aft]2 let y\r f]m5t+ heat rise to #hj degrees2 ?us y\r att5uation w h ga9$ #ah degrees1 :i* w probably cause y\r guile to rema9 9 ! tun f #fj to #hj h\rs4 ,use salt & bean meal fl\r z direct$ 9 ! prec$+ process1 & 9 ! same proportion1 be=e cleans+2 fill1 c41 z already direct$4 ,wel% ,ale1 h[ brew$4 ,?is x a lusci\s & ri*ly flav\r$ ale1 mu* lik$1 b v heady4 ,,process4 #gb ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #gj lb4 ( ,hops4 #bj lb4 ( be/ br[n ,sug>4 #b lb4 ( ,gra9s ( ,p>adise1 gr\nd4 ,heat ( ! fir/ ma%+ liquor #age1 ma% "o h\r & a half1 putt+ 9 y\r malt v gradually1 & ma% uncommonly well1 & let x /& two h\rs2 second liquor at #aij1 ma% "o h\r1 & /& two m2 run d[n z be=e1 boil ^! two runs toge!r = "o h\r & a half1 putt+ 9 y\r hops1 c41 save ! sug>1 :i* is to be put 9 b a few m9utes be=e /rik+ (f1 at :i* "t ! r\s+ ( ! copp] %\ld comm5ce1 & s cont9ue until ! worts are ne>ly run (f4 ,small be] may be brew$1 9 ! usual way1 aft] bo? ^! worts1 9 :i* case1 cold wat] w answ] full z well z hot2 pit* y\r /rong worts at #fb1 ) a small proportion ( good ye/1 & let y\r f]m5t+ heat rise to #hj2 ?us y\r att5uation w proce$ #ah degrees2 cleanse ) salt & bean fl\r z already direct$1 b 9 suitable proportion 9 po9t ( quantity to y\r malt1 fill 9 ! usual way1 & :5 ne>ly done work+1 use f9e ale to top )1 be=e y bung d[n1 putt+ into ea* b>rel "o l>ge h&ful ( scald$ hops1 t h be5 previ\sly cool$ d[n4 ,wirtemb]g ,ale4 ,,brew$ ,,z ,,foll[s3 #abh ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #cb ,bu%els ( ,amb] ,malt4 --- #afj ,bu%els ( ,malt4 --- #ahh lb4 ( ,hops4 #bh lb4 ( ,honey4 #bj lb4 ( ,sug>4 #d lb4 ( ,h>t%orn ,%av+s4 #d lb4 ( ,cori&] ,se$1 gr\nd4 #a lb4 ( ,c>away ,se$1 gr\nd4 ,cleans$ #ej ,b>rels ( ,ale4 ,give y\r fir/ ma%+ liquor at #agb1 ma% = "o h\r & a half1 /& two h\rs1 run d[n f9e1 b sm>tly4 ,second ma%+ liquor #ahj1 ma% "o h\r1 /& two h\rs1 run d[n z be=e2 get up y\r two worts2 put 91 ) y\r hops1 ! o!r +r$i5ts1 save ! honey & sug>1 :i* is to be put into y\r copp] b a few m9utes be=e /rik+ (f1 r\s+ y\r copp] :ile any wort rema9s 9 x4 ,?is ale %\ld be boil$ h>d = "o h\r & a half2 pit* y\r tun at #fb1 raise y\r f]m5t+ heat to #hj1 :i* w g5]ally rise 9 ! c\rse ( #gj h\rs4 ,give ( good solid ye/ f\r gallons1 two gallons at fir/1 & two gallons m 9 twelve h\rs aft]1 r\se y\r tun ea* "t4 ,hock4 ,?is is a be] t has )9 a few ye>s _h a great run1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,g]many4 ,,process ,,z ,,foll[s3 #aab ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #dh ,bu%els ( ,amb] ,malt4 --- #afj ,bu%els4 --- #bjf lb4 ( ,hops4 #d lb4 ( ,cocculus ,indicus ,b]ry1 gr\nd4 #b lb4 ( ,fabia ,amora1 or ,bitt] ,bean4 #bj lb4 ( ,br[n ,sug>1 ( good quality4 ,cleans$ #ed ,b>rels4 ,fir/ liquor #agf1 ma% "o h\r & a qu>t]1 /& "o h\r & a half2 second liquor #ahb1 ma% "o h\r1 /& two h\rs2 :5 bo? worts are 9 ! copp]1 add y\r hops & o!r +r$i5ts1 except ! sug>1 :i* is to be put 9 z already direct$ a little "t be=e /rik+ (f1 boil two h\rs & a qu>t] z h>d z y c4 ,pit* y\r tun at #fd1 giv+ f\r gallons ( solid ye/ at once1 & cleanse ! second day1 or 9 =ty-eight h\rs2 fill z already direct$1 & put into ea* b>rel "o h&ful ( fre% /eep$ hops be=e bung+ d[n4 ,scurvy ,grass ,ale4 ,?is species ( ale is consid]$ a great sweet5] ( ! blood1 has be5 mu* approv$ (1 & is /rongly recomm5d$ z a :olesome & pleasant m$ic9e4 ,,process ,,z ,,foll[s3 #dj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #be lb4 ( ,hops4 #aj lb4 ( ,molasses4 #b lb4 ( ,alex&rian ,s5na4 #e ,bu%els ( ,g>d5 ,scurvy ,grass4 ,cleans$ #ad ,b>rels ( ,ale4 ,y\r malt %\ld be f9e gr\nd2 give y\r fir/ liquor at #agj1 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r2 heat ( y\r second liquor #agb1 ma% ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 /& "o h\r2 give y\r ?ird ma%+ liquor at #afj1 ma% tw5ty m9utes1 /& half an h\r2 ^! ?ree worts %\ld be run into y\r copp] toge!r1 & boil toge!r = "o h\r g5tly1 = "o qu>t] ( an h\r m z h>d z y c2 all y\r +r$i5ts to be put 9 ) y\r hops1 except ! molasses1 :i* %\ld only be put 9 a few m9utes be=e /rik+ (f2 f ! "t y put 9 y\r molasses1 keep /irr+ y\r copp] until its cont5ts is ne>ly (f4 ,ab\t ! middle ( y\r f]m5tation1 procure "o p\nd ( horse-radi%1 wa% x well1 dry x ) a clo?1 aft] :i* slice x ?91 & ?r[ x into y\r tun1 r\s+ imm$iately aft]2 :5 done1 replace y\r tun cov]1 pit* y\r worts at #ff degrees1 ) ab\t two gallons ( solid ye/2 cleanse ! ?ird day1 ) ! sweets on4 ,?is ale is drank bo? hot & cold4 ,dor*e/] ,ale4 ,?is quality ( ale is by _m e/eem$ ! be/ 9 ,engl&1 :5 ! mat]ials are good1 & ! managem5t judici\s4 #ed ,bu%els ( ! be/ ,pale ,malt4 #ej lb4 ( ! be/ ,hops4 #a lb4 ( ,g+]4 #a_/d ( a lb4 ( ,c9namon1 p\nd$4 ,cleans$ #ad ,b>rels1 res]v+ en\gh = fill+4 ,boil y\r copp]1 temp] y\r liquor 9 ! same to #ahe1 & :5 ready1 run x on y\r keeve a little at a "t1 putt+ 9 ! malt & ! wat] gradually toge!r1 ma%+ at ! same "t2 :5 ! :ole ( y\r malt is ?us got 91 cont9ue ! op]ation ( ma%+ half an h\r1 cap ) dry malt1 & let y\r ma% /& "o h\r & a half4 ,second liquor #aij1 ma% ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 /& two h\rs2 9 bo? ma%es get y\r worts z f9e z y c into y\r und]bank2 rub & salt1 be=e ma%+1 #cj p\nds ( y\r hops2 infuse !m 9 boil+ wat] be=e ma%+1 & let ! vessel conta9+ !m be close cov]$4 ,! o!r tw5ty p\nds ( hops %\ld h be5 rubb$ ! ev5+ be=e brew+1 b n salt$1 put into ano!r close vessel1 cov]$ ) boil+ wat]1 & !re suff]$ to dige/ = #ab h\rs3 at ! "t ( putt+ ! hops 9 y\r copp]1 ! extract1 9 bo? cases1 is to be add$2 b ! fir/ #cj p\nds ( hops 9 sub/ance only to be add$2 ^!1 ) ! two extracts w be suffici5t = ! brew+2 ! rema9+ #bj p\nds ( hops w answ] = s+le ale1 or table be]1 b %\ld be us$ on ! same day4 ,y\r worts be+ n[ 9 ! copp]1 ) ! hops & extract1 boil h>d = "o h\r2 aft] :i*1 draw y\r fire1 op5 y\r copp] & a%-pit doors1 & s let x /& "o h\r1 !n /rike (f g5tly on y\r cool]2 :5 y\r worts are cool$ d[n to #ee1 prep>e y\r pun*eons1 suppose f\r1 conta9+ f\r b>rels ea*2 see t !y are dry1 sweet1 & clean2 take ?ree p9ts ( solid ye/ = ea* pun*eon1 to :i* y %\ld add ?ree qu>ts ( ! wort at #fe1 mix & bl5d ! wort & ye/ toge!r1 putt+ ?is proportion to ea* cask1 conta9+ f\r b>rels1 !n fill up ) ! wort1 at ! heat ( #ee1 already m5tion$2 put 9 y\r t9 work]s1 "o into ea* pun*eon1 & :5 y p]ceive x beg9s to "w freely1 :i* probably w n be till ! ?ird or f\r? day1 beg9 to fill up y\r casks1 & s cont9ue do+ f "t to "t1 till !y h done work+4 7,! t9 work] is describ$ 9 page #aci47 ,?is mode ( brew+ appe>s to be peculi>ly adapt$ = %ipp+ to w>m climates2 ! f]m5tation be+ sl[ly & coolly conduct$3 x is also well calculat$ = bottl+4 ,table be] may be made1 aft] ?is /rong1 ( good quality1 ) cold wat]1 if n ov] drawn2 #aj p\nd ( ! /eep$ hops w be suffici5t to pres]ve ?is be]2 "o h\r's boil+ w be en\gh2 f]m5t z already direct$1 & add six p\nds ( sug> j be=e /rik+ (f1 r\s+1 z already direct$1 :ile any rema9s 9 ! copp]4 ,port]4 ,9 ,engl&1 is a liquor ( mod]n date1 :i* has ne>ly sup]s$$ ! use ( br[n /\t1 & v mu* encroa*$ on ! consumption ( o!r malt liquors1 till x has become ! /aple commodity ( ! ,engli% brew]y1 & ( su* consequ5ce to ! gov]nm5t1 9 po9t ( rev5ue1 t x may be fairly said to produce m ?an all ! re/4 ,port]1 :5 well brew$1 & ( a prop] age1 is consid]$ a :olesome & pleasant liquor1 p>ticul>ly :5 drank out ( ! bottle2 a free use is made ( x 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 :]e physicians frequ5tly recomm5d ! use ( x 9 pref]5ce to ,madeira w9e3 ! foll[+ ?ree processes are giv5 "u ! d5om9ation ( ,no4 ,i41 ,,ii41 & ,,iii41 ! fir/ & second ( :i* ,i knew to be ! practice ( two em95t h\ses 9 ! trade4 ,! ?ird ,i _c s fully answ] =4 ,an ess5tial object to att5d to1 9 ord] to ensure complete success to ! port] process1 is ! prep>ation ( ! malt4 ,directions = t purpose w be f\nd at ! end ( ^! processes4 ,port] ,process4 ,no4 ,i4 ,,mat]ials4 #ahf ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #id ,bu%els ( ,br[n ,malt4 --- #bhj ,bu%els ( ,malt4 --- #cjj lb4 ( ,hops4 #aj lb4 ( ,g5tian ,root1 slic$4 #aj lb4 ( ,calamus4 #aj lb4 ( ! ess5ce ( ,g5tian4 ,cleans$ #aba b>rels4 ,! hops1 ) ! o!r +r$i5ts1 to be put 9 ) ! fir/ boil1 & reta9$ 9 ! copp] by wire /ra9]s1 or o!rwise1 = ! succe$+ worts4 ,fir/ ma%+ liquor #afe1 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r1 run d[n sm>tly2 second ma% #agj1 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r1 run d[n z be=e2 ?ird ma% #ahj1 ma% half an h\r1 /& half an h\r1 run d[n sm>tly2 divide ^! ?ree runs into two boil+s1 boil y\r fir/ copp] z h>d z y c = half an h\r1 ! second = ?ree h\rs z h>d z possible2 pit* y\r fir/ wort at #fe degrees1 ) #aj gallons ( smoo? ye/2 pit* y\r second at #gj degrees1 ) six gallons1 bo? runs to mix 9 ! same tun1 z soon z ! head ( y\r tun beg9s to fall & close1 :i* w possibly happ5 f ?irty to =ty h\rs1 at :i* "t x is expect$ ! f]m5t+ heat w rise to #hj1 b 9 no case %\ld x be suff]$ to exce$ x2 two pecks ( bean meal fl\r1 ) two p\nds ( bay salt mix$ toge!r1 %\ld be ev5ly scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ! tun1 be=e cleans+1 & !n well r\s$4 ,aft] cleans+1 ?is dr9k %\ld be fill$ e two h\rs1 = ! fir/ twelve fill+s1 aft] :i*1 twice a day w be suffici5t2 &1 9 ab\t a week aft] cleans+1 port] s brew$1 & treat$ z "h direct$1 w be glass f9e1 & 9 a week m may be vatt$4 ,z port] is g5]ally s5t out 9 iron-b\nd hog%eads ( sev5ty gallons ea*1 !re %\ld1 at ! "t ( go+ out1 be ?ree half p9ts ( f9+s1 ) z mu* head+ mix$ ?r\gh ! f9+s at w g on a two %ill+ piece2 ?is f9+ & head+ %\ld be well /irr$ 9 ! hog%ead by means ( a f9+ bru% us$ = ! purpose1 ) a long iron h&le2 treat$ ?us1 port] w fall f9e 9 a few days4 ,! fa/] draught port] is drawn (f ! cask ! bett] x w dr9k2 = :5 too long1 x is apt to get flat1 & s\r4 ,port] ,process4 ,no4 ,,ii4 #afj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #abj ,bu%els ( ,br[n ,malt4 --- #bhj --- #cej lb4 ( ,hops4 ,cleans$ #aba ,b>rels ( ,port]4 ,heat ( ! fir/ ma%+ liquor "o hundr$ & sev5ty-two1 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r1 run d[n sm>tly2 second ma%+ liquor "o hundr$ & eighty1 ma% "o h\r1 /& two h\rs1 run d[n z be=e2 ?ird ma% "o hundr$ & sixty-f\r1 ma% half an h\r1 /& half an h\r1 run d[n sm>tly2 boil ! extract ( ! fir/1 ) half ! extract ( ! second ma%2 boil z h>d z y c = "o h\r & a qu>t]1 !n /rike (f1 reta9+ y\r hops 9 ! copp] = y\r second boil1 :i* includes half y\r second wort1 & ! :ole ( y\r ?ird2 ^! %\ld be boil$ = f\r h\rs z h>d z y c make !m2 pit* y\r fir/ wort at sev5ty1 or s high t1 :5 9 ! tun1 x w make up at sixty-f\r1 to :i* give six gallons ( smoo? ye/2 pit* y\r second wort at sixty-five1 giv+ sev5 gallons m ( ye/2 :5 all y\r worts are 9 y\r tun1 x %\ld make up at sixty-f\r4 ,?us manag$1 x w be fit to cleanse 9 ?irty-six or =ty h\rs2 ! clos+ & fall+ 9 ( ! head w direct ! p]iod ( p]=m+ ?is op]ation2 fill1 c41 z 9 ! =ego+ process4 ,port] ,process4 ,no4 ,,iii4 #hh ,bu%els ( ,pale ,malt4 #ajb lb4 ( ,hops4 #ab ,gallons ( ,ess5tia ,b9a1 or sug> col\r+4 ,cleans$ tw5ty-sev5 & a half ,b>rels ( ,port]4 ,fir/ ma%+ liquor "o hundr$ & sixty1 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r2 second ma%+ liquor "o hundr$ & sev5ty1 ma% "o h\r1 /& "o h\r & ?ree qu>t]s2 ?ird ma%+ liquor "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five1 ma% half an h\r1 /& "o h\r2 divide ^! ?ree runs into two equal p>ts1 boil ! fir/ "o h\r1 ! second two h\rs & a half1 z h>d z y c 9 bo? in/ances2 pit* y\r fir/ wort at sixty1 giv+ two gallons ( solid ye/2 y\r second at sixty-five1 giv+ ! same complem5t ( ye/2 let y\r f]m5t+ heat rise to eighty1 !n cleanse1 fir/ topp+ y\r tun ) two p\nds ( bean meal fl\r1 & half a p\nd ( bay salt p\nd$ & mix$ ) ! fl\r2 fill f9e1 & head y\r port] casks1 z already direct$ to d ) hog%eads2 let y\r f9+s & head+ be 9 t proportion ) less] casks4 ,port] ,malt4 ,?is species ( malt %\ld be made f /rong1 well-bodi$ b>ley1 ! process exactly ! same z = pale malt1 until x is ab\t half dri$ on ! kiln2 y !n *ange y\r fuel "u ! kiln f coak or coal to a% or bee* wood1 :i* %\ld be split into small h&y billets1 & a fi]ce1 /rong fire kept up1 s z to complete ! dry+ & col\r+ 9 ?ree h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t x %\ld be frequ5tly turn$2 :5 ! col\r is f\nd suffici5tly high1 x may be ?r[n (f2 ! workm5 %\ld be provid$ ) wood5 %oes1 to protect _! feet f ! uncommon heat ( ! kiln 9 ?is la/ "p ( ! process1 :i* requires ! gra9 to snap aga9 f ! excessive heat ( ! kiln4 ,= ! bett] p]=m+ ?is "p ( ! process1 ,i w\ld recomm5d a wire kiln to be plac$ adjo9+ ! til$ "o1 f :i* x may be ca/ on ! wire2 ?is w\ld be a bett] & m c]ta9 mode ( convey+ ! port] flav\r to ! malt1 ?an if ! dry+ 0 f9i%$ on ! til$ kiln4 ,:]e a wire kiln 0 ?\ght too de>1 a til$ "o might be made to answ]4 ,port] ,col\r+4 ,9 mod]n language1 is t]m$ ess5tia b9a4 ,?is is made f br[n sug>1 & is n[ g5]ally sub/itut$ by ! ,london brew]s = port] malt1 z m economical1 & full z well calculat$ to answ] all ! purposes ( flav\r & col\r+4 ,muscovado1 or raw sug>1 ) lime wat]1 are ! usual +r$i5ts ( ?is col\r+ matt]4 ,ano!r k9d1 ( inf]ior quality1 is prep>$ f molasses1 boil$ until x is consid]ably d>k]1 bitt]1 & ( a ?ick] consi/5ce2 & :5 judici\sly made1 at ! close ( ! boil+1 x is set on fire & suff]$ to burn five or six m9utes1 !n x is ext+ui%$1 & cauti\sly dilut$ ) wat] to ! orig9al consi/5ce ( treacle4 ,! burn+ or sett+ on fire gives x ! great] "p ( its flav\r1 :i* is an agreeable bitt]ness1 & burns out ! unassimilat+ oil4 ,muscovado1 or raw sug>1 :5 treat$ 9 a simil> mann]1 & dilut$ to ! same consi/5ce be=e x sets1 obta9s a bitt]ness t m ne>ly /rikes ! port] flav\r on ! palate2 x is ( a deep d>k col\r1 betwe5 black & r$4 ,to prep>e x to advantage1 take ?ree p\nds1 or ?ree hundr$ weight ( ,muscovado sug>1 = e two p\nds1 or two hundr$ p\nds1 ( ess5tia b9a int5d$ to be made1 put x into an iron boil] set 9 brick "w1 s t ! flue = convey+ ! smoke ( ! fire into ! *imney1 rises b ab\t two ?irds ( ! height ( ! boil] 9 its passage to ! *imney4 ,! boil] %\ld h a socket or pivot 9 ! c5tre ( its bottom to receive ! sp9dle ( wr\ght iron1 ) a crank 9 x1 above ! brim ( ! boil]1 ! upp] end ( :i* turns on a correspond+ pivot 9 an iron b> fix$ across sev]al feet above ! boil]1 ) a transv]se iron arm to rea* f ! crank = "s feet ov] ! boil] = a man to /&1 & turn x ) its scrap] ( iron also1 :i* works on ! bottom ( ! boil] to keep ! sug> f burn+ on ! bottom be=e ! upp] "p melts2 ?is arm may be plac$ 9 a wood5 h&le at ! end1 & held by ! man1 le/ x become too hot = 8 h&4 ,put "o gallon ( pure wat] into ! boil] ) e hundr$ weight ( sug> to be employ$1 t is1 "o p9t to e f\rte5 p\nds weight ( sug>1 !n add ! sug>1 light ! fire1 & keep x /irr+ until x boils1 regulat+ ! fire s z n to suff] x to boil ov]2 z x beg9s to less5 9 quantity1 dip ! end ( ! pok] into x1 to see if x c&ies z x cools1 & gr[s proportionably bitt] to its consi/5ce2 m>k ! height ( ! sug> 9 ! boil] :5 x is all melt$1 to assi/ 9 judg+ ( its decrease2 :5 ! specim5 tak5 out c&ies1 or sets h>d pretty quickly1 put out ! fire "u ! boil]1 & set ! vap\r or smoke aris+ f ! boil] on fire1 :i* w communicate to ! boil+ sug>1 & let x burn = t5 or twelve m9utes1 !n ext+ui% x ) a cov] ready provid$ = ! purpose1 & fac$ ) %eet iron1 to be let d[n on ! m\? ( ! boil] ) a *a9 or rope1 s z exactly to close ! boil]4 ,z soon z x is ext+ui%$1 cauti\sly add /rong lime wat] by a little at a "t1 work+ ! iron /irr] well all ! "t ! wat] is add+1 s z to mix & dilute x all alike to ! consi/5ce ( treacle2 be=e x sets 9 ! boil]1 :i* x w\ld d1 z ! heat decl9$1 9 a mann] t w\ld give a great deal ( tr\ble to dilute x aft]1 & be imp]fectly done !n1 x is easy to conceive ?is k9d ( "w requires to be done 9 an op5 place1 or out-h\se1 to prev5t accid5ts f fire4 ,if ! ess5tia b9a is nei!r burn$ too little nor too mu*1 x is a ri*1 high-flav\r$1 grateful bitt]1 t pres]ves & gives an inimitable flav\r & good face to port]2 to be add$ 9 proportion z ! nature & composition ( ! gri/ is v>i$ ) a great] or less proportion ( pale malt4 ,to conv]t old hock into br[n /\t1 x w take ?ree p\nds ( ess5tia b9a ( middl+ or ord9>y k9d1 & b two p\nds ( ! be/ made f ,muscovado raw sug> z direct$1 x %\ld weigh t5 p\nds to ! gallon4 ,! ess5tia b9a %\ld be mix$ ) "s f9+s1 & r\s$ into ! tun soon aft] ! ye/y head ga!rs pretty /rong1 9 ord] to und]go ! decompos+ p[] ( f]m5tation1 "p ( x be+ prone to float on ! surface ( ! be] "u ! =m ( a fly+ lee4 ,:5 employ$ 9 ! usual way ( col\r1 ) ?is precaution1 ! col\r+ & pres]v+ p>ts unite ) ! be]1 & ! gross *>ry p>ts precipitate ) ! lees1 & o!r fecul5cies 9 ! tun1 previ\s to cleans+1 add+ a firm & keep+ quality to ! be]4 ,lime wat] = dilut+ ! burnt sug>1 9 ! proportion ( ess5tia b9a3 ?irty p\nds ( lime w make "o pun*eon1 or "o hundr$ & tw5ty gallons ( lime wat]3 put fre% lime f ! kiln1 previ\sly slak$ into co>se p[d]1 into an airtight cask1 gradually add ! wat]1 /irr+ up ! lime to expose a fre% surface to ! solv5t p[]s ( ! wat]1 :i* w r>ely dissolve m ?an "o ounce troy weight 9 ! gallon1 or reta9 s mu* :5 kept ev] s closely exclud$ f ! ext]nal air4 ,if ,ro*e lime 0 fir/ grossly p\nd$1 & slak$ 9 ! cask1 ! lime wat] might be made /ill /rong]2 ! reason = direct+ ! wat] to be sl[ly & cauti\sly add$ at ! fir/1 is = ! m conv5i5tly mix+ ! lime ) ! wat]1 :i* o!rwise w\ld n be prop]ly wet4 ,d n fill ! vessel )9 a few gallons ( ! bung-hole1 t x may be roll$ ov] & ov] ) effect1 fifte5 or tw5ty diff]5t times be=e left to settle1 9 ord] to h ! wat] fully saturat$ ) ! lime2 :5 settl$ x %\ld be p]fectly cle>4 ,x is important1 z well at necess>y to /ate1 t :5 ! lime wat] is ab\t to be add$ to ! ess5tia b9a 9 ! kettle1 x %\ld be hot1 o!rwise !re w\ld be dang] ( crack+ ! ca/ iron1 ( :i* ! kettle is compos$1 z well z caus+ a p>tial explosion & wa/e ( ! sug> :5 com+ 9 contact ) ! cold m$ium ( ! lime wat]2 ?is precaution %\ld be c>efully att5d$ to4 ,/rong ,be]4 ,process = brew+ /rong be]1 alleg$ to be ! practice 9 ,switz]l&1 by :i* x is ass]t$ t an excell5t & pres]v+ be] w be produc$4 ,i w\ld recomm5d a small exp]im5t to be made at fir/1 9 ord] to e/abli% its "* & success on a m ext5d$ scale4 ,at a fir/ view1 !re appe>s to be "o s]i\s objection to ?is process1 & t is1 t x requires b a small quantity ( oily or fatty matt] to de/roy ! f]m5tation ( any guile ( be]4 ,9 answ]1 x may p]haps be truly said1 t ! precaution ( skimm+ (f ! fatty matt]1 z x rises on ! surface ( ?is be] :ile 9 ! copp]1 z well z ! "t all[$ x !re to settle1 also1 its /ra9+ ?r\gh ! hops be=e gett+ on ! cool]1 gives ano!r *ance to deposite ?is matt] 9 ! hops1 if any %\ld rema9 9 ! copp] aft] ! skimm+ (f4 ,,process ,,z ,,foll[s3 #fj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,b>ley ,malt4 #bj ,bu%els ( ,pale ,:eat ,malt4 --- #hj ,bu%els4 --- #agj lb4 ( ! be/ ,hops1 to be rubb$1 salt$1 & /eep$ 9 "o or m close vessels be=e ma%+1 or ! ev5+ be=e brew+1 /ill bett]4 #ed lb4 ( lean ,beef to be put into ! copp] ) ! worts1 ?is w av]age two p\nds to ! b>rel4 #g lb4 ( ,rice1 also1 to be put 9 ) ! ,beef4 #a lb4 ( gr\nd ,mu/>d to be put 9 ) ! ,hops4 ,cleans$ #bg ,b>rels4 ,^! worts are to be boil$ "o h\r )\t ! hops1 9 ord] to af=d ! great] facility ( skimm+ ! fat (f ! surface4 ,aft] !y h boil$ ! fir/ half h\r1 ! fire is damp$1 ! boil left to subside1 & ! copp] to be !n c>efully skimm$4 7,?is po9ts out ! necessity ( an op5 copp] = ?is op]ation47 ,aft] :i*1 ! fire is />t$ aga91 & ! worts made to boil ano!r half h\r1 & skimm$ a second "t 9 ! same way2 aft] :i* ! hops & mu/>d are add$ ) ?ree gallons ( ! ess5tia b9a1 & !n boil$ = "o h\r & a half1 z h>d z ! copp] w all[ )\t boil+ ov] or wa/+2 ! fire is !n drawn1 a%-pit & copp] doors left op51 ! copp] cov]$1 & suff]$ to /& two h\rs1 !n /ruck (f on ! hop back4 ,! temp]ature ( ! ext]nal air at ! "t y brew ?is quality ( be] %\ld n be high] ?an fifty degrees4 ,y\r fir/1 or ma%+ liquor1 %\ld boil1 !n run y\r :ole complem5t into y\r ma% tun1 :i* :5 cool$ d[n to "o hundr$ & sixty-five1 beg9 putt+ 9 y\r malt1 "o sack at a "t1 & ma% = "o h\r & a qu>t]1 /& "o h\r1 run d[n z f9e z y c1 yet sm>tly2 second ma% "o hundr$ & eighty-five1 ne$ n boil1 b :5 br\ght to t heat 9 y\r copp]1 beg9 ma%+1 & ma% well = ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 /& two h\rs2 boil1 skim1 & hop1 z already direct$4 ,x is to be und]/ood t ! produce ( ^! two ma%es are to be boil$ toge!r1 =m+ a cle> l5g?1 :5 cleans$1 ( tw5ty-sev5 b>rels2 pit* y\r worts at sixty1 previ\sly mix+ 9 a tub1 fifte5 gallons ( y\r wort at sev5ty1 ) "o gallon ( solid ye/1 "s "t be=e pit*+1 :i* w give x "t to cat* be=e add+ to ! rema9d] ( ! wort4 ,twelve h\rs aft] ano!r gallon ( pure ye/ is to be add$1 & ! tun well r\s$1 !n cov]$2 ! att5uation suff]$ to proce$ to eighty degrees1 b n high]4 ,?is mode ( pit*+ worts might be successfully appli$ to o!r qualities ( be] & ale1 & w be f\nd a safe & good process4 ,filt]+ ,op]ation4 7,) a ,plate47 ,illu/ration ,a ,! f\nta94 ,b ,b ,! cocks4 ,c ,! trunk communicat+ ) ! space betwe5 ! two bottoms4 ,d ,! filt]+ tub4 ,e ,! false bottom4 ,f ,! sp\t = c>ry+ (f ! asc5d+ liquor4 ,g ,! receiv] ( ! filt]$ liquor by asc5t4 ,h ,! receiv] ( ! filt]$ liquor by desc5t4 ,?is simple op]ation1 if my view ( its effects on malt liquors1 z well z o!r f]m5t$ liquors1 be correct1 w d m t[>ds _! improvem5t & pres]vation1 ?an any ?+ hi!rto attempt$ to be tri$ on !m1 aft] _! f]m5tation has be5 complet$2 & = ?is pla9 reason1 t x w at once dis5gage !m f all f]m5table matt]1 & r5d] !m transp>5tly f9e & pres]v+2 ?us imm$iately fitt+ !m = ! bottle1 or putt+ up into tight casks1 = home consumption or exportation1 :i* w soon recov] ! be] or ale s treat$ f ! flatness t w necess>ily be induc$ by a long exposure to ! air dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! op]ation2 fur!r to rem$y :i*1 ,i w\ld recomm5d putt+ into ea* b>rel1 be=e ! cask is fill$ ) ?is be]1 half a p\nd ( gr\nd rice1 !n fill1 bung d[n tight1 & 9 a %ort "t briskness & activity w be re/or$ to ! liquor1 :e!r int5d$ = draft or bottle4 ,?is mode might1 ) equal success1 be appli$ to e k9d ( f]m5t$ liquor1 p>ticul>ly to cid]1 w9e1 & p]ry1 also to riv] & ra9 wat]4 ,!re are two modes ( filtration1 "o by desc5t1 ! o!r by asc5t2 ! latt] op]ation seems to be ! mo/ p]fect1 ?\gh n ! mo/ economical or exp$iti\s4 ,! prep>ation ( ! filt]+ m$ium is z foll[s4 ,y\r filt]+ vessel %\ld be 9 proportion to ! scale ( "w y int5d op]at+ on4 ,! vessel conta9+ ! filt]1 %\ld h ! =m some:at ( an inv]t$ cone1 9 proportion wid] at top ?an at bottom2 ov] ! bottom ( ?is vessel %\ld be plac$ a false "o1 ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es di/ant f ! o!r2 ?is upp] bottom %\ld be p]=at$ ) holes1 r l>ge bor$1 at ! angles ( e squ>e in* ( its surface2 y\r fake bottom be+ laid1 provide two pieces ( clean ?ick blanket+ ! full size ( ! vessel1 lay ^! pieces "o ov] ! o!r1 ov] !m a /ratum six in*es deep1 ( r co>sely p\nd$ *>coal2 ?is %\ld be previ\sly wett$ ) "s ( ! be] or ale1 till br\ght to ! consi/5ce ( co>se mort>2 ov] ?is lay ano!r /ratum ( f9e clean pit s&1 & s on1 /ratum sup] /ratum1 ( s& & *>coal1 till y h rea*$ )9 six in*es ( ! top2 ! cov] ( ?is vessel1 :i* is also p]=at$ ) holes some:at small] ?an ^? ( ! bottom1 is let d[n 9 ! vessel to )9 "o in* ( ! filt]+ m$ium1 & 9 t position is well secur$ by buttons1 or o!rwise4 ,:5 y filt] by desc5t1 y run y\r liquor ov] ?is cov]1 :i*1 by means ( ! holes1 w be di/ribut$ ev5ly ov] ! upp] surface ( ! filt]2 & s y cont9ue runn+ on y\r liquor z fa/ z y see ! op]ation w take x4 ,:5 y wi% to filt] by asc5t1 y introduce ! liquor to be filt]$ betwe5 ! two bottoms4 ,z ! f\nta9 :i* supplies ?is liquor is high] ?an ! filt]+ vessel1 x w naturally =ce its way ?r\gh ! false bottom1 filt]+ m$ium1 c41 until x runs (f pure at sp\t ,f into ! receiv] ,g4 ,^? p]sons :o live on ! banks1 or 9 ! vic9ity ( our great riv]s1 su* z ! ,miss\ri1 ,ohio1 ,mississippi1 c41 may purify _! dr9k+ wat] 9 ?is way1 ) great advantage to _! heal?1 & consequ5t increase ( com=t to !mselves & families4 ,x is also well adapt$ to ! use ( ^? :o navigate ^! wat]s1 p>ticul>ly su* z proce$ 9 /eam-boats1 :]e conv5i5t room c be always f\nd = su* useful & salut>y purposes1 & to !m ,i /rongly recomm5d its use4 ,x may also be advantage\sly appli$ to filt]+ ra9 wat]1 :i*1 to "s con/itutions1 may be m cong5ial ?an ei!r spr+ or riv] wat]4 ,return$ ,be]1 to make ! mo/ (1 & d\ble its value4 ,suppose1 = example1 y h "o hundr$ & fifty b>rels ( ?is be]1 7or 9 t proportion1 adju/ y\r mix+ +r$i5ts accord+ly17 put ! :ole into "o vat t x w fill2 !n take half a b>rel ( col\r+1 tw5ty-eight p\nds cream ( t>t>1 tw5ty-eight p\nds ( gr\nd alum1 "o p\nd ( salt ( /eel1 o!rwise call$ gre5 copp]as1 ) two b>rels ( /rong f9+s2 mix ^! +r$i5ts well toge!r1 put !m into y\r vat1 & r\se well2 aft] :i*1 let ! vat rema9 op5 = ?ree days2 !n %ut d[n ! scuttle close1 & s& x ov]2 9 "o =tnight x w be fit = use2 y\r own good s5se w !n direct its application4 ,to br+ sev]al sorts ( ,be] :i* h be5 mix$ to "o uni=m ta/e4 ,,example4 ,suppose y h "o hundr$ b>rels ( ?is description 9 y\r vat2 take six p\nds ( port] extract1 six p\nds ( orange peel1 gr\nd1 "o p\nd ( head+1 compos$ ( half a p\nd ( alum1 ) half a p\nd ( gre5 copp]as mix$1 six p\nds ( ,indian b>k2 mix ^! +r$i5ts ) "o butt ( f9+s1 r\se y\r vat well1 let x rema9 op5 ?ree days1 !n close d[n y\r vat1 & s& x ov]2 x w be fit 9 "o =tnight to use4 ,f9+s1 ! be/ me?od ( prep>+ !m4 ,a v important object inde$1 is f9+s 9 ! managem5t ( port] & br[n be]s1 & sometimes ! pal] k9ds ne$ _! ag5cy be=e !y w become transp>5tly f9e3 )\t ?is quality no be] c be acceptable to ! consum]1 & %\ld be always a p>ticul> aim ( ! brew]s to obta94 ,take five p\nds ( is+lass1 beat ea* piece 9 succession on a /one or iron weight1 until y f9d y c conv5i5tly %r$ x into small pieces1 & s treat e piece until y h got ?r\gh ! :ole2 ?us %r$d$1 /eep x 9 s\r port] or /rong be] t is v f9e1 !n set ! be] & ! is+lass on ! fire1 & !re let x rema9 till y raise ! heat to "o hundr$ & n9ety1 b no high]1 keep+ x1 :ile on ! fire1 con/antly /irr+2 !n h y\r hog%ead ( cle> be] ready1 /ra9 y\r dissolv$ is+lass ?r\gh a hair sieve into x1 :i* y mu/ take c>e to mix well2 ?us assimilat$ x w be fit = use 9 twelve h\rs4 ,x is wor? rem>k+1 t at ! "t ( s5d+ out port] or br[n be] to y\r cu/om]s is ! "t to put 9 bo? y\r f9+ & head+1 ! jolt+ x !n gets 9 ! c>riage w assi/ its f9+ m effectually1 aft] x has re/$ a few days 9 ! cu/om]'s cell>4 ,head+4 ,is v>i\sly compos$1 & diff]5tly prep>$2 :at is "h recomm5d$ w be f\nd safe & effectual4 ,port]1 or br[n /\t1 :5 int5d$ = draught1 %\ld nev] be s5t out 9 ! cask )\t f9+ & head+2 ! usual practice is to put y\r head+ into y\r f9+1 & s bo? into ! cask j be=e fill+ up & bung+ d[n4 ,! proportion = "o hog%ead ( sixty-?ree gallons is ?ree half p9ts ( f9+1 ) z mu* head+ put into ! f9+ z y c take up ^u a c5t piece2 ! head+ "h recomm5d$ is compos$ ( equal p>ts ( sal m>tus 7or gre5 copp]as7 & alum1 bo? f9ely p[d]$ & mix$ 9 equal p>ts1 s z to be intimately bl5d$ ) ea* o!r be=e us+4 ,! advantages d]ivable f head+ are m]ely app>5t1 giv+ a close fro?y head to ! be] 9 ! qu>t or mug x is drawn 92 support+ ! vulg> prejudice1 t su* be] is bett] & /rong] ?an t :]e no su* appe>ance manife/s itself4 ,bottl+ ,be]4 ,?is is a bran* ( trade1 t1 "u prop] managem5t1 might be made v productive & pr(itable1 :]eas1 9 ! mann] x is n[ g5]ally conduct$1 proves a los+ "o1 occasion$ by ! great breakage ( bottles1 aris+ f ! impure /ate ( ! be] at ! "t ( putt+ into bottle4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is bad managem5t1 ,i h kn[n a p]son1 ext5sive 9 ! trade1 to lose on an av]age f two to ?ree doz5 bottles1 z well z be]1 on e hog%ead he put up :i* happ5$ to lie ov] till summ]1 or 0 bottl$ 9 t season2 ?is loss 0 too heavy to expect mu* pr(it f a bus9ess s conduct$2 to obviate bo? ^! consequ5ces1 ,i w\ld recomm5d be]1 ale1 & port]1 int5d$ = ! bottle1 to be c>efully filt]$ ?r\gh *>coal & s&1 z direct$ 9 ! op]ation ( filt]+2 be+ ?us purifi$ f all its fecul5cies & f]m5table matt]1 x w be 9 ! be/ possible /ate = tak+ ! bottle1 9 t mild & g5tle way t w n endang] ! loss ( "o or ! o!r4 ,x w fur!r h ! good effect ( recov]+ ! be] or ale1 ?us filt]$1 f ! flatness t w necess>ily be induc$ by t op]ation1 giv+ ! liquor all ! briskness & activity t c be wi%$ =4 ,if be]1 port]1 or ale1 be int5d$ = exportation to a w>m] climate ?an our own1 ! op]ation w be f\nd p>ticul>ly suit$ to x4 ,*oose y\r corks ( ! be/ quality1 & /eep !m 9 pure /rong _s f ! ev5+ be=e y beg9 y\r bottl+ op]ation2 ?is precaution is ess5tially necess>y to all be] int5d$ to be %ipp$1 or s5t (f to a w>m] climate ?an our own1 su* z ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 c4 ,9 m temp]ate climes1 ! simple precaution ( filt]+ alone w be f\nd to answ] e necess>y purpose1 )\t /eep+ ! corks 9 spirits4 ,b suppose y bottle = home consumption1 9 t case y w naturally wi% to h y\r be]1 ale1 & port]1 get up 9 ! bottle 9 z %ort a space ( "t z possible1 9 t case y %\ld pack away y\r bottles 9 dry /raw 9 summ]1 9 sawdu/ 9 w9t]1 z y\r object at t season w naturally be r to accel]ate ?an ret>d f]m5tation2 "h y %\ld c>efully wat* its progress f day to day1 by draw+ a bottle f ! c5tre ( ! heap1 z ne>ly z y c get at x2 place ?is bottle betwe5 y & ! light1 & if y p]ceive a *a9 ( small bubbles 9 ! neck ( ! bottle1 imm$iately "u ! cork1 y may conclude y\r be] is up 9 ! bottle1 !n draw a few m bottles1 & if ! same appe>ance cont9ues 9 !m also1 x is "t to draw all y\r bottles f ! heap !y 7 orig9ally pack$ 91 & set !m on _! bottoms 9 a squ>e frame t5 in*es deep1 size optional2 fill up ?is frame ) ! bottles ( port]1 or ale1 s drawn 9 a ripe /ate1 !n get "o or m bu%els ( bay salt1 & scatt] x z ev5ly z y c ov] ! bottles1 until ! space betwe5 _! necks is ne>ly half fill$2 !n ano!r c\rse ( bottles may be sunk betwe5 ^!1 ) _! necks d[n ?r\gh ! salt1 s z to =m an upp] ti]2 ?us treat$1 n a s+le bottle w be f\nd to break f ! =ce ( f]m5tation1 & ! salt w answ] = a fre% supply ( bottles1 z (t5 z y may f9d x necess>y to draw1 or s5d !m out1 ?is quantity w answ] y\r purpose = ye>s1 if y only keep x dry2 ano!r advantage1 & no small "o1 d]ivable f a bottl+ op]ation conduct$ 9 ?is way1 w be1 t a l(t w be f\nd m conv5i5t = ! purpose ?an a gr\nd floor1 z less damp1 & m likely to pres]ve ! salt dry1 :i* a m moi/ atmosph]e w\ld naturally dissolve4 ,! practice "h recomm5d$ may1 ) equal success1 be appli$ to cid] & p]ry4 ,brew+ ,copp]s1 ! be/ me?od ( sett+ !m4 ,?is article1 at a fir/ view1 may n appe> to h mu* connexion ) brew+1 b1 :5 att5tively consid]$1 x has a v mat]ial "o1 z also ) economy1 by sav+ ne>ly "o half ! fuel4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact 9 brew+1 t ! quick] & /rong] ! op]ation ( boil+ is p]=m$1 ! bett] su* be] w pres]ve1 & ! soon] x w become f9e2 al?\gh ?is op9ion is combat$ by _m1 exp]i5ce has prov$ x 9 my practice4 ,i w suppose ! copp] y are ab\t to set to conta9 two ?\s& gallons1 ! diamet] ( its bottom1 five feet2 let y\r fire blocks1 if possible1 be ( soap/one1 "o = ea* side1 & "o = ! end1 ( suffici5t ?ickness & l5g?1 & full twelve in*es deep1 to ! top ( y\r sleep]s2 ?ree c\rses ( brick1 slop$ (f f ! top ( ! fire /one1 ) ! usual quantity ( mort>1 & pla/]$ ov]1 w af=d suffici5t elevation = ! fire to act on ! bottom ( ! copp]1 leav+ a space ( ab\t eighte5 or tw5ty in*es f ! bottom to ! top ( ! sleep]s2 ! bread? ( ! fireplace ne$ n exce$ tw5ty-six in*es4 ,:5 ! copp] is ab\t to be plac$ on ! blocks1 by sw++1 or o!rwise1 ?ree feet ( ! bottom ( ! copp] %\ld be on "o side f ! c5tre ( ! furnace1 & b two feet on ! o!r2 ,i w\ld h b "o flue or entrance = ! fire to r\nd ?is copp]1 :i* flue %\ld be plac$ on ! ?ree feet side1 tw5ty-f\r in*es long at ! m\?2 di/ance ( ! brick "w f ! copp]1 six in*es1 to n>r[ to five at ! clos+2 ! fir/ clos+ to be ?ree feet high on ! side ( ! copp]2 ! second clos+1 to be two feet above t1 leav+ tw5ty-"o in*es cle> flue1 all[+ ?ree in*es = ! ?ickness ( ! brick & mort>2 ! ?roat ( ! fir/ flue1 lead+ into ! second2 tw5ty-f\r in*es di/ance ( upp] flue f ! copp]1 five in*es clos+ into f\r & a half in*es at top4 ,a %ort di/ance above ! top ( y\r copp] %\ld be plac$ an iron regi/] to regulate ! fire1 s contriv$ z to be h&ily work$ backw>d & =w>d by ! brew]1 or ! man t5d+ ! fire1 z circum/ances may direct4 ,! furnace door %\ld be 9 two p>ts1 "o to hang on ea* side ( ! frame1 & s lap ov] a small r\nd hole1 ) a slid+ %ut to x1 %\ld be fix$ 9 "o ( ^! doors1 to admit ! iron slic] to /ir ! fire4 ,! cle> ( ! furnace frame ne$ n exce$ sixte5 in*es high1 by eighte5 in*es wide4 ,a copp] s set & proportion$1 by be+ kept close cov]$ at top1 might be expect$ to boil cold wat] 9 "o h\r & fifte5 m9utes1 p]haps 9 "o h\r1 & t ) a great sav+ ( fuel comp>$ ) ! same siz$ copp] set 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,pumps1 ! be/ & mo/ economical con/ruction1 also ! mo/ effectual1 & lea/ liable to fail or get out ( ord]2 h[ be/ treat$ 9 cold wea!r to prev5t freez+1 or :5 froz5 to remove ! inconv5i5ce4 ,freez+ (t5 ret>ds ! brew]'s op]ations1 & gives him consid]able tr\ble & delay4 ,to obviate ^! inconv5i5ces1 ,i w\ld recomm5d hav+ ! rod ( wood1 in/ead ( iron1 s long z to "w 9 a brass *amb]1 two feet above ! l[] box2 if ! pump be long1 ! rod may be made ) jo9ts ( iron1 & keys prop]ly made1 s z to h x 9 two1 ?ree1 or f\r pieces1 capable ( be+ tak5 asund]2 suppose ! diamet] ( y\r *amb] to be six in*es1 ,i w\ld h ! diamet] ( ! rod five in*es1 :i*1 be+ s mu* light] ?an ! column ( wat] x displaces1 w make ! /roke comp>atively light & easy to ! horse1 & n ne> s great a /ra9 on ! pump1 deliv]+ z mu* wat] or wort1 x is expect$1 z w be f\nd necess>y = all ! purposes ( a brew]y4 ,b %\ld x s happ51 t any defici5cy is f\nd 9 ! quantity ( wat] & wort s deliv]$1 x is only necess>y to r$uce ! diamet] ( ! wood5 rod1 f "o qu>t] to half an in* m1 & ?is w proportionably augm5t ! quantity ( wat] & wort deliv]$ at ea* /roke4 ,! wat] pumps1 :i* 9 w9t] are expos$ to ! effects ( ! ext]nal air1 %\ld h a cas+ r\nd !m ( bo>ds f ! level ( ! gr\nd to half _! height above x1 :i* cas+ %\ld be /uff$ ) dry hay1 /raw1 or %av+s1 & well ramm$2 ?is cas+ %\ld be wat]-tight r\nd ! pump1 at ! top1 & a cock plac$ ov] x on "o side ( ! pump1 to let (f ! /&+ wat]2 !n /uff ! m\? ( ! pump ) hay or /raw1 & s treat$ ! rema9+ wat] 9 ! pump w nev] freeze 9 ! colde/ w9t]4 ,b :]e ^! precautions h n be5 tak51 & ! *>ge 9 y\r pump becomes froz51 & y wi% to cle> x1 get "o qu>t ( bay salt1 ?r[ x into y\r pump1 /op ! m\? ( x at ! top1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs ! salt w h dissolv$ ! ice 9 y\r pump1 & y may g to "w2 ?is is mu* m effectual & less tr\blesome ?an us+ hot wat]1 :i* mu/ be repeat$ 9 great quantities be=e x w produce its effect4 ,cleans+ ,casks4 ,trifl+ & simple z ?is op]ation may appe>1 x is /ill "o t is highly important to ! brew]1 & requires m9ute & con/ant att5tion4 ,burn+ & /eam+ casks seems to be two mo/ effectual modes ( accompli%+ ?is important object4 ,if y\r casks h be5 long 9 use1 & !reby contract$ any mu/y or bad smell1 ! be/ way is to op5 !m2 wa% !m well out ) boil+ wat]2 set !m to dry1 & !n fire !m1 aft] :i*1 !y may be wa%$ out aga9 ) hot wat]1 &1 :5 dry1 head$ = use2 e cask aft] empty+1 t is n p]fectly sweet1 %\ld be treat$ 9 ?is way1 p>ticul>ly :5 int5d$ = /ock or keep+ be]4 ,new casks t h nev] be5 us$1 are be/ prep>$ by /eam+ !m1 & a small boil]1 conta9+ f sixty to "o hundr$ gallons w be be/ suit$ to ?is purpose4 ,if y h t9 pipes communicat+ f "o cask to ano!r1 y c /eam f\r or five at a "t1 & ! "w goes on exp$iti\sly4 ,fre% empti$ small be]1 & s+le-ale casks1 c be suffici5tly cleans$ by *a9+ !m2 aft] :i*1 r9c+ !m out ) hot wat] w be f\nd a suffici5t cleans+ = su* casks1 z !y are g5]ally b a %ort "t on draught4 ,! op]ation ( *a9+ casks is p]=m$ by putt+ into !m1 ) boil+ wat]1 a small iron *a91 two or ?ree y>ds long1 & !n toss+ y\r cask sev]al times r\nd & r\nd s z to get ! *a9 to rub1 & act ^u e "p ( ! inside head1 c41 ?is w take (f ! ye/1 c4 ,! smoo!r & ev5] all brew]s' casks are made on _! inside ! bett]1 z !y are !reby ! m easily clean$4 ,e brew] %\ld be p>ticul> 9 recomm5d+ to 8 cu/om]s c>efully to cork up e cask z drawn (f--by ?is simple precaution !y w be pres]v$ sweet = mon?s1 :ile ! neglect ( x w cause !m to get f\l 9 a %ort "t1 to ! great increase ( tr\ble & exp5se to ! brew] be=e he c suffici5tly purify !m4 ,x is also a necess>y precaution to keep casks1 :5 br\ght home1 f ! action ( ! sun & wea!r1 by plac+ !m "u prop] %$s2 :]e casks are suppos$ to occupy "o fif? ( ! brew]'s active capital1 !y %\ld at all times be c>efully look$ aft]4 ,! foll[+ processes are giv5 pr9cipally = ! use ( g5tlem5 f>m]s1 h\sekeep]s1 & o!rs1 :o may occasionally wi%1 z well z f9d _! acc\nt1 9 brew+ _! ,mead or ,me!gl94 ,,! ,,process4 ,= e pipe ( mead all[ "o hundr$ & sixty-eight p\nds ( honey4 ,on a small scale1 take t5 gallons ( wat]1 two gallons ( honey1 ) a h&ful ( rac$ g+]1 & two lemons1 cut !m 9 slices1 & put !m1 ) ! honey & g+]1 into ! wat]1 boil = half an h\r1 c>efully skimm+ all ! "t2 use a /rong f]m5t1 & att5uate high1 n "u sev5ty-eight2 9 ! boil+ add two ounces ( hops to ! above t5 gallons ( wat] & two gallons ( honey4 ,9 ab\t ?ree weeks1 or "o mon?1 aft] cleans+ & work+ (f1 ?is mead w be fit to bottle4 ,?is liquor1 :5 ?us made1 is :olesome & pleasant1 & little1 if any1 inf]ior to ! be/ :ite w9es4 ,x is p>ticul>ly grateful 9 summ]1 :5 drank mix$ ) wat]4 ,g+] ,w9e4 ,take sixte5 qu>ts ( wat]1 boil x1 add "o p\nd ( bruis$ g+]1 infuse x 9 ! wat] = =ty-eight h\rs1 plac$ 9 a cask 9 "s w>m situation2 aft] :i* "t /ra9 (f ?is liquor1 add to x eight p\nds ( lump sug>1 sev5 qu>ts ( br&y1 ! juice ( twelve lemons1 & ! r9ds ( z _m ,seville oranges2 cut !m1 /eep ! fruit1 & ! r9ds ( ! oranges1 = twelve h\rs 9 ! br&y1 /ra9 y\r br&y1 add x to y\r o!r +r$i5ts1 bung up y\r cask1 & 9 ?ree or f\r weeks x w be f9e2 if x %\ld n1 a little dissolv$ is+lass w soon make x s4 ,currant ,w9e4 ,take five gallons ( currant juice1 & put x into a t5 gallon cask1 ) tw5ty p\nds ( ,havanna1 or lump sug>1 fill ! cask ) wat]1 let x f]m5t1 ) ! bung out1 = "s days2 z x wa/es fill up ) wat]2 :5 done work+1 bung d[n2 & 9 two or ?ree mon?s aft] x w be fit = use3 two qu>ts ( ,fr5* br&y add$1 aft] ! f]m5tation ceases1 w\ld improve ! liquor1 & communicate to x a pres]v+ quality4 ,w9e may be made f /rawb]ries1 raspb]ries1 & *]ries 9 ! same way4 ,ye/1 h[ prep>$1 s z to pres]ve sweet & good 9 any climate4 ,?is op]ation1 ,i appreh5d1 h[ev] simple x may appe>1 w h v important consequ5ces1 :e!r we consid] x z a m$ic9e 7& 9 putrid fev]s !re is1 p]haps1 no bett] kn[n7 or a f]m5t4 ,x w be well wor? ! att5tion ( ! physician1 ! brew]1 ! di/ill]1 ! m]*ant1 & ! h\sekeep]1 :e!r resid5t 9 ! temp]ate1 or 9 ! torrid zone4 ,mr4 ,felton ,ma!w1 m]*ant 9 ,london1 obta9$ a pat5t = ! above-m5tion$ object1 :i* may be f\nd 9 ! ,rep]tory ( ,arts1 vol4 ,v4 page #gc4 ,mr4 ,ma!w us$ a press ) a lev]1 ! bottom made ) /\t deal or oak timb]1 fit = ! purpose1 rais$ ) /rong feet a conv5i5t di/ance f ! gr\nd1 s z to admit ! be] to run (f into :atev] is prep>$ to receive x2 into ! back ( x is let a /rong piece ( timb]1 or any o!r fit mat]ial1 to secure "o end ( ! lev]1 ! top ( :i* %\ld "w on an iron bolt or p92 :5 ! lev] is ?us prep>$1 get y\r ye/ into hair-clo? bags1 or1 if n conv5i5tly _h1 into co>se canvas bags2 :5 fill$1 tie !m securely at ! m\?1 & place "o bag at a "t 9 a tr\gh ( a prop] size ) a false bottom full ( holes1 on ?is bottom %\ld be plac$ an oblong p]=at$ %ape1 ab\t ! =m ( a brick m\ld2 9 ?is oblong %ape or box1 )\t ei!r bottom or top1 is plac$ ! bag conta9+ ! ye/1 on :i* ! press is let d[n1 & gradually =c$1 z ! be] exudes1 or gradually runs (f2 :5 no m liquid runs f ! %ape1 ! press is tak5 (f1 & ! bag op5$1 its cont5ts tak5 out1 :i* w crumble to pieces2 9 ?is /ate x %\ld be ?9ly spread on canvass1 previ\sly /ret*$ 9 frames1 :i* w p]mit ! heat$ air ( ! kiln to pass ?r\gh x 9 all directions1 & ?us gradually f9i% ! process to p]fect dryness1 :i* w be completely effect$ by n9ety degrees ( heat3 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! dry+1 x w\ld be prop] to pass ! edge ( a bo>d ov] ea* frame1 9 ord] to r$uce ! lumps ( ye/1 & !reby make !m z small z possible4 ,:5 completely dry1 put x into tight casks or bottles s z to exclude air & moi/ure3 ?us secur$1 x w pres]ve good z long z want$ 9 any climate1 & be f\nd a valuable article ( dome/ic economy1 z well z m$ic9e4 ,:5 to be us$1 ! necess>y quantity %\ld be dissolv$ 9 a little w>m wat]1 at ! temp]ature ( f eighty to n9ety degrees ( heat1 ) ! addition ( a proportionate quantity ( sug>2 ! addition ( sug> is only recomm5d$ :5 us$ to raise bread1 b n :5 giv5 z m$ic9e2 9 ! op9ions ( sev]al intellig5t m51 ?is is consid]$ ! simple/ & mo/ effectual me?od ( pres]v+ ye/1 &1 z su*1 is h]eby /rongly recomm5d$4 ,to make a sub/itute = ,brew]'s ,ye/4 ,take six p\nds ( gr\nd malt1 & ?ree gallons ( boil+ wat]1 ma% !m toge!r well1 cov] ! mixture1 & let x /& ?ree h\rs1 !n draw (f ! liquor1 & put two p\nds ( br[n sug> to ea* gallon1 /irr+ x well till ! sug> is dissolv$1 !n put x 9 a cask j l>ge en\gh to conta9 x1 cov]+ ! bung hole ) br[n pap]2 keep ?is cask 9 a temp]ature ( n9ety-eight degrees4 ,prep>e ! same quantity ( malt & boil+ wat] z be=e1 b )\t sug>1 !n mix all toge!r1 & add "o qu>t ( ye/2 let y\r cask /& op5 = =ty-eight h\rs1 & x w be fit = use4 ,! qu>t ( ye/ %\ld n be add$ to ^! two extracts at a high] heat ?an eighty degrees4 ,ano!r me?od to make tw5ty-six gallons ( ! sub/itute4 ,put tw5ty-six ounces ( hops to z _m gallons ( wat]1 boil x = two h\rs1 or until y r$uce ! liquor to sixte5 gallons2 add malt & sug> 9 ! proportion be=e m5tion$1 & ma% y\r malt at ! heat ( "o hundr$ & n9ety degrees2 let x /& two h\rs & a half1 !n /ra9 x (f1 & add to ! malt t5 gallons m ( wat] at ! same degree ( heat1 & ma% a second "t2 let x /& two h\rs1 !n /ra9 x (f z be=e2 :5 y\r fir/ ma% is blood heat1 or n9ety-eight1 put to x "o gallon ( ! prec$+ sub/itute1 mix x well1 & let x /& t5 h\rs2 !n take ! produce ( ! second ma%1 & add x1 at n9ety-eight1 to ! re/1 mix x well1 & let x /& six h\rs1 x w be !n fit = use 9 ! same mann]1 & = ! same purposes z brew]'s ye/ is appli$2 ! advantages alleg$ 9 fav\r ( ?is me?od are1 t x w keep sweet & good long] ?an brew]'s ye/1 & 9 any reason or temp]ature be fit = use4 ,brew]'s ,ye/4 ,may be g5]at$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,take "o p\nd ( leav51 made ) :eat5 fl\r1 su* z ! ,fr5* g5]ally use to raise _! bread1 dilute ! p\nd ( leav5 ) wat] or wort1 ! latt] to *oose at n9ety degrees ( heat1 add x to y\r wort at ! heat ( sixty-five1 suppos+ y\r b>rel to be fill$ ) wort at ?is heat2 !n add y\r leav51 dilut$ z m5tion$1 until y\r cask be full2 to effect :i*1 ) less wa/e & m c]ta9ty1 x may be bett] to put into y\r b>rel ! dilut$ leav5 fir/1 !n fill up ) wort at ! temp]ature m5tion$2 aft] a day or two ! be] w beg9 to "w out ye/1 & w s]ve z a f]m5t = ano!r brew+2 ?us1 aft] ?ree or f\r brew+s1 y\r ye/ w become s improv$ t x w be ne>ly equal to any brew]'s ye/1 & ! exp]im5t 9 c]ta9 situations is well wor? try+1 :5 a prop] f]m5t is want$ & _c be o!rwise procur$4 ,process = mak+ & prep>+ ,cl>et ,w9e = %ipp+2 )\t :i* prep>ation su* w9es are consid]$ unfit = exportation1 be+ 9 its natural /ate ab\t ! /r5g? ( our common ,cid]4 ,cl>et w9e1 be=e ! ,fr5* revolution1 0 ! /aple article ( export f ! great comm]cial ,city ( ,bordeaux1 to e "p ( ,europe4 ,&1 x may be presum$1 w soon aga9 reassume its want$ importance4 ,! v9tage g5]ally beg9s1 = mak+ ?is sort ( w9e1 ab\t ! middle or latt] end ( ,septemb]1 & is g5]ally f9i%$ 9 all ! mon? ( ,octob]4 ,! mode by :i* ! juice is express$ f ! grape1 is by ! workm5 trampl+ !m ) _! b>e feet 9 a l>ge res]voir or cool]1 7n ! cleane/ op]ation 9 ! _w17 :i* has an incl9ation to ! po9t :]e ! sp\t or sp\ts are plac$ = tak+ (f ! express$ juice1 :i* is convey$ to l>ge op5 vats1 t are ?us fill$ ) ?is juice to )9 t5 or twelve in*es ( ! upp] edge2 ?is space is left to make room = ! f]m5tation1 :i* spontane\sly takes place 9 ?is liquor4 ,aft] ! fir/ f]m5tation is ov]1 & ! w9e beg9s to purify itself1 :i* is asc]ta9$ by means ( a small cock plac$ 9 ! side ( ! vat1 & takes place g5]ally by ! middle ( ,febru>y1 or beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 9 ! foll[+ ye>2 x is !n rack$ (f into hog%eads1 c>efully cleans$1 & a mat* ( sulphur burn$ 9 ea* cask be=e fill+2 :5 ?us rack$ (f1 x is bung$ up1 & imm$iately b\ght up by brok]s = ! ,bordeaux m]*ants1 & "h x is made to und]go ! second or f9i%+ f]m5tation1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,x may be prop] "h to rem>k1 t cl>et w9e is g5]ally divid$ into ?ree gr[?s1 fir/1 second1 & ?ird2 ! fir/ gr[?s1 namely1 ,lat\r1 ,lafeet1 & ,*ateaux ,m>go1 are uni=mly r5t$ = a t]m ( ye>s1 at a giv5 price1 to ,engli% m]*ants1 ?r\gh :om1 or _! ag5ts only is !re a possibility ( procur+ any portion ( ?is w9e4 ,! second gr[?s are %ipp$ to ! diff]5t m>kets ( ,europe1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica2 & ! ?ird gr[? pr9cipally to ,holl& & ,hamburgh4 ,9 ord] to /r5g!n ! natural body ( cl>et w9e1 & to r5d] x capable ( be>+ ! transition ( ! sea1 ! fir/ & second gr[?s are all[$ f t5 to fifte5 gallons ( good ,alicant w9e to e hog%ead1 ) "o qu>t ( /um4#h ,! casks are !n fill$ up & bung$ d[n4 ,!y are !n rang$ ?ree ti] high f "o end ( ! cell> to ! o!r1 ea* ti] ab\t eighte5 in*es1 ) two /an*ions ( /\t p9e plank1 firmly plac$ betwe5 ! heads ( ea* hog%ead1 f "o end ( ! cell> to ! o!r1 until !y h rea*$1 & are support$ by1 ! end walls ( ! build+4 ,?is precaution is necess>y to gu>d aga9/ ! =ce ( f]m5tation1 :i* is (t5 s /rong z to bur/ out ! heads ( ! hog%eads1 not)/&+ ! precautions tak5 to secure !m 9 ! situation dur+ ! summ] heats4 ,! w9e coop]1 :o has ! *>ge ( ^! w9es1 regul>ly visits !m twice a day1 morn+ & ev5+1 9 ord] to see ! condition ( ! casks1 & :5 he f9ds ! f]m5tation too /rong1 he gives v5t1 & ?us prev5ts ! bur/+ ( ! casks4 ,! ?ird1 or inf]ior gr[?1 is exactly treat$ 9 same way1 ) ! s+le exception ( hav+ ,b5ic>lo w9e sub/itut$ = ,alicant 9 prep>+ !m = _! second f]m5tation1 z *eap] & bett] suit$ to _! quality2 bo? ^! w9es are ( ,spani% gr[?1 & br\ght to ,bordeaux by ! canal ( ,langu$oc3 !y are naturally ( a mu* /rong] body ?an native cl>et4 ,?us mix$ & f]m5t$1 ! cl>et becomes =tifi$1 & r5d]$ capable ( be>+ ! transition ( seas & climates4 ,ab\t ! latt] end ( ,septemb]1 or beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 ! f]m5tation ( ^! w9es beg9s to slack51 & !y gradually become f9e2 9 ?is /ate !y are rack$ (f into fre% hog%eads c>efully cleans$1 & a mat* ( sulphur burn$ 9 ea* be=e fill+4 ,aft] ?is op]ation1 !y are suff]$ to rema9 undi/urb$ 7save t !y are occasionally ullag$17 till ab\t to be %ipp$1 :5 !y are rack$ (f a second "t1 & f9$ d[n ) ! :ite ( t5 eggs to ea* hog%ead2 ^! :ites are well beat up toge!r ) a small h&ful ( :ite salt2 aft] ?is f9+1 :5 re/$1 ! hog%eads are fill$ up aga9 ) pure w9e1 & !n c>efully bung$ d[n ) wood5 bungs1 surr\nd$ ) clean l95 to prev5t leak+2 9 ?is /ate ! w9es are imm$iately %ipp$4 ,"h x may be prop] to /ate1 t ! lees t rema9 on ! diff]5t hog%eads t h be5 rack$ (f1 are collect$ & put into pipes ( "o hundr$ & =ty1 or "o hundr$ & fifty gallons ea*1 & ?is lee w9e1 z x is t]m$1 is f9$ d[n aga9 ) a proportionate numb] ( eggs & salt4 ,aft] :i*1 x is g5]ally %ipp$ (f z ?ird gr[?1 or us$ at table mix$ ) wat]4 ,if at any "t h]eaft] ! me?od h]e9 giv5 ( mak+ & prep>+ cl>et w9e = %ipp+1 z practis$ 9 ,bordeaux & its neighb\rhood1 %\ld be appli$ to ! r$ w9es ( ?is c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,kaskaskias2 x may be prop] "h to give a description ( ! mode 9 :i* ^! w9es are rack$1 :i* w be f\nd simple1 effectual1 & exp$iti\s2 ,i mean = ! l[] or gr\nd ti]s4 ,! upp]1 or m elevat$ ones1 rack !mselves1 )\t co]cion ( any k9d4 ,:5 y are ab\t to rack a hog%ead ( w9e ^u ! gr\nd ti]1 y place y\r empty hog%ead close to ! full "o1 9 :i* y !n put y\r brass rack+ cock2 on ! nozzle ( :i* cock y tie on a lea!r hose1 :i* is g5]ally f ?ree to f\r feet long2 on ! o!r end ( ?is hose is a brass pipe1 ! size ( ! tap hole1 ) a project+ %\ld] t[>ds ! hose to facilitate knock+ 9 ?is pipe into ! empty hog%ead1 :i* is !n remov$ a suffici5t di/ance f ! full hog%ead 9 ord] to /ret* ! hose1 n[ communicat+ ) bo?4 ,! cock is !n turn$1 & ! w9e soon f9ds its level 9 ! empty hog%ead2 !n a l>ge siz$ bell[s1 ) an angul> nozzle1 & %>p iron feet t[>ds ! h&le1 :i* feet are =c$ d[n into ! hoops ( ! cask on :i* x re/s1 9 ord] to keep ?is bell[s /ation>y1 :il/ ! nozzle is hamm]$ 9 tight at ! bung hole ( ! rack+ hog%ead2 ! bell[s is !n work$ by "o man1 & 9 ab\t five m9utes ! rack+ ( ! hog%ead is complet$4 ,! pressure ( ! air introduc$ into ! hog%ead1 by ! bell[s1 acts s =cibly on ! surface ( ! liquor1 t x requires b a few m9utes to f9i% ! op]ation2 :5 ! cock is /opp$1 ! hose tak5 (f1 & a new op]ation comm5ces4 ,?is mode may possibly1 9 "s cases1 be advantage\sly appli$ to rack+ (f be]1 ale1 & cid]4 #h ,/um is a c]ta9 quantity ( :ite w9e1 /rongly impregnat$ ) sulphur4 ,! mode ( prep>+ x is z foll[s3 ,a hog%ead half fill$ ) good :ite w9e1 or :at is t]m$ 9 ,fr5* v9 de grave2 f fifte5 to tw5ty long mat*es ( sulphur are successively burn$ to ?is hog%ead1 ) ! bunghole clos$4 ,aft] ?is op]ation1 ! :ite w9e becomes s impregnat$ ) sulphur1 t x has acquir$ all its ta/e & flav\r1 & is ?us us$ z a f]m5t4 ,brew+ ,company4 ,x is obvi\s to v slight obs]vation1 t ! day is n di/ant :5 ! brew+ trade 9 ?is c\ntry w1 z 9 ,engl&1 become an object ( great national importance1 highly des]v+ ! protection & enc\ragem5t ( our g5]al gov]nm5t1 by free+ its produce f all duty1 & !reby af=d+ fur!r inducem5ts to ! speculat+ & ent]pris+ capitali/s ( ?is c\ntry to emb>k _! funds 9 a trade t1 above all o!rs1 is ! be/ calculat$ to make !m a sure & pr(itable return4 ,9 addition to ! pleas+ consid]ation t !y are !reby combat+ & putt+ d[n ! greate/ immorality our c\ntry is *>geable )1 namely1 ! too great use ( ard5t spirits1 sub/itut+ 9 _! place a :olesome & invigorat+ bev]age4 ,! p]son1 !re=e1 :oev] he may be1 :o contributes 8 money1 or 8 tal5ts1 to ?is useful & moral purpose1 des]ves to rank high among ! be/ fri5ds ( 8 c\ntry4 ,"u ^! impressions x is t ,i beg leave to recomm5d to my fell[ citiz5s ! imm$iate e/abli%m5t ( a brew+ company1 ) a capital ( f ?irty to =ty ?\s& doll>s1 to be subscrib$ = 9 %>es ! mo/ likely to be made up4 ,) ei!r ( ^! sums a h&some beg9n+ c\ld be made1 & ! pr(its w\ld 9 a few ye>s enc\rage & ju/ify enl>gem5t to any prud5t ext5t t c\ld be reasonably wi%$ = or requir$4 ,9 pro( ( ! correctness ( ?is op9ion1 ,i w beg leave to /ate a fact t has happ5$ 9 my own "t4 ,:5 ! m]cantile h\se ( ,beami% ,craw=d1 ( ,cork1 erect$ a port] brew]y 9 t city1 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 t e/abli%m5t 0 ! fir/ ( ! k9d 9 t t[n1 & !n /ood alone1 & not)/&+ t _m l>ge & ri* ones 9 ! same bus9ess h s9ce be5 add$1 ! orig9al company h s progress$ 9 fame & =tune1 z to be n[ consid]$ "o ( ! fir/-rate brew]ies 9 ,europe2 & by ! improv$ quality ( _! port] h1 9 a great degree1 exclud$ ! ,engli% f ! ,we/ ,india m>ket1 _! port] gett+ ! pref]5ce !re1 z well z 9 ,bri/ol & ,liv]pool1 to :i* places l>ge quantities are annually s5t by t company4 ,h[ mu* /rong] inducem5ts h we to =m simil> e/abli%m5ts 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e our excise on brew]y produce be>s no sort ( proportion ) t paid 9 ,engl&1 & does n "h exce$ five p] c5t4 on brew]y sales4 ,?is be+ a w> tax1 x may be presum$ x w n cont9ue long4 ,our capacity to raise b>ley & hops1 9 z high p]fection z 9 any "p ( ,europe1 is ackn[l$g$2 all !n t is want+ is enc\ragem5t2 af=d ?is to our f>m]s1 & !y w soon conv9ce y t no ass]tion is bett] f\nd$4 ,if s1 ! soon] a company ( ?is description is =m$ ! bett] = ^? :o may be conc]n$2 & = ?is pla9 reason1 t not)/&+ ! enorm\s excise *>geable on ! raw mat]ials & produce ( ! brew]y 9 ,engl&1 l>ge =tunes h be51 & are daily accumulat+ 9 t c\ntry by ! judici\s ex]cise ( ! brew+ trade1 z w appe> by ! foll[+ /atem5t ( ! quantity ( port] alone 7beside o!r malt liquors7 brew$ by ! twelve fir/ brew]ies 9 ,london1 9 "o ye>1 end+ #e? ( ,july1 #ahaj4 ,b>rels ( ,port]4 ,b>clay1 ,p]k9s ,co4 #bce1jec ,read1 ,mec> ,co4 #baa1jji ,trueman ,hanbury4 #add1iij ,felix1 ,calv]t ,co4 #acc1dic ,:itebread ,co4 #aaj1ici ,am]y1 ,meux ,co4 #ic1ffj ,combe ,co4 #he1aej ,br[n ,p]ry4 #hd1dge ,godw91 ,sk9n] ,co4 #gd1bbc ,elliot ,co4 #eg1hea ,taylor4 #ed1eaj ,cloy] ,co4 #da1eij --------- ,total quantity ( ,b>rels ( ,port]1 #a1cbf1idc 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notice4 ,! au?or in=ms ^? p]sons :o may feel dispos$ to engage 9 ! brew+ & malt+ trades1 t he c furni% !m ) gr\nd plans1 & sections ( elevation1 bo? ( brew]ies & malt h\ses1 on diff]5t scales1 :e!r int5d$ to be erect$ toge!r1 or sep>ately1 z w be f\nd to unite1 economy1 conv5i5ce1 & effect1 jo9$ to a consid]able sav+ to ^? :o are n !mselves judges ( su* erections1 or h[ !y %\ld be dispos$4 ,an exp]i5ce ( tw5ty-five ye>s 9 bo? bus9esses1 accompani$ by a dilig5t & att5tive practice1 ju/ifies ^! ass]tions4 ,8 t]ms w be f\nd reasonable1 & all lett]s 7po/ paid7 address$ to ,joseph ,copp+]1 #aic ,duane-/reet1 ,new-,york1 w receive att5tion4 ,a few copies ( ?is "w may be _h by apply+ z above2 b any numb] may be _h at #de ,john-/reet4 ,,tann+4 ,! foll[+ is ! ,fr5* mode ( tann+ all k9ds ( lea!r 9 a %ort "t1 highly important to ! manufactur]s ( lea!r 9 ?is c\ntry1 z x po9ts out a secure & pr(itable mode ( turn+ _! capital twelve or ?irte5 times 9 a ye>1 in/ead ( once4 ,wa%+ ,hides4 ,! be/ me?od ( wa%+ hides is to /ret* !m 9 a frame1 & place !m1 ?us /ret*$1 9 runn+ wat]4 ,if runn+ wat] _c be conv5i5tly _h1 /ill wat] c be made to answ] by frequ5t /irr+s & agitations2 ! rema9d] ( ! op]ation ( cleans+ is p]=m$ z 9 ! common way4 ,on tak+ (f ! ,hair4 ,beg9 by %ak+ "s lime 9 a pit1 to :i* put a great quantity ( wat]1 !n /ir ?is wat] well1 t x may become saturat$ ) ! lime1 !n place y\r hides 9 ! pit p]p5dicul>ly2 = ?is purpose1 sev]al wood5 poles %\ld be fix$ across ! pit2 to ^! poles ! hides are to be fa/5$ ) /r+s at prop] di/ances1 ea* hide be+ fir/ cut 9 two2 :il/ ! hides 7 ?us plac$ 9 ! lime wat]1 ! lime itself1 :i* _h deposit$ on ! bottom ( ! pit1 0 frequ5tly /irr$ up to increase ! /r5g? ( ! wat]1 & to make x m op]ative2 ! hair ?us treat$1 w1 9 ab\t eight days1 come (f ! hide ) great ease4 ,a %ort] & a bett] me?od may effect ?is purpose 9 two days2 t is1 to plunge ! hides1 aft] be+ wa%$ & clean$1 into a solution ( tan1 :i* 7hav+ be5 already us$7 conta9s no long] any ( ! tann+ pr9ciple1 mix$ ) a five hundr$?1 or ev5 a ?\s&? "p ( ! oil ( vitriol1 commonly call$ sulphuric acid2 ?is op]ation n only takes (f ! hair1 b raises & swells ! hide2 z1 9 ! old way1 is g5]ally effect$ by b>ley s\r+s4 ,h[ev]1 fur!r swell+ & rais+ is necess>y1 & ! hides %\ld aga9 be plung$ 9 ano!r quantity ( sp5t tan-wat] mix$ ) ! "o ?\s&? "p ( ! oil ( vitriol1 & ?us /eep$ a second "t2 _! swell+ & rais+ w be complet$ 9 ab\t =ty-eight h\rs2 aft] ?is op]ation ! hides w acquire a yell[ col\r1 ev5 to ! int]ior "p ( _! sub/ance4 ,to det]m9e if ! swell+ & rais+ be suffici5tly complet$1 let "o ( ! corn]s ( ! hide be cut1 & if x is 9 a prop] /ate !re w n appe> any :ite /reak 9 ! middle1 b ! hide ?r\gh\t its :ole sub/ance w h acquir$ a yell[ col\r1 & semi-transp>5t appe>ance4 ,mr4 ,s---- is ( op9ion1 t swell+ & rais+ hides is n necess>y1 & t ! hides tann$ )\t ?is op]ation are less p]meable to wat]4 ,on tann+ on ! new pr9ciple1 z practis$ by ,mr4 ,s----1 he places sev]al r[s ( casks on /ill+s suffici5tly elevat$ above ! gr\nd to place a c or tub "u !m2 ^! casks 7 fill$ ) fre% f9ely gr\nd tan1 !n a c]ta9 quantity ( wat] 0 p\r$ into ! fir/ ( !m1 :i* wat]1 z x ran ?r\gh ! tan1 exhau/$ & c>ri$ (f ! soluble "p1 & z fa/ z x ran into ! vessels bel[1 0 tak5 away & p\r$ on ! second cask1 & s on successively until ! solution 0 suffici5tly saturat$1 & ?us x may h be5 br\ght to t5 or twelve degrees ( ! aromet] = salts4 ,9 ord] to exhau/ ! tan ( ! fir/ cask1 ,mr4 ,s---- cont9u$ p\r+ wat] on ! fir/ cask until x ran (f cle>2 at :i* "t ! tan 0 depriv$ ( its soluble "p2 ^! liquors1 z x may be easily conceiv$1 7 c>efully kept = future op]ations2 l>ge wood5 vats are consid]$ ! be/ sort ( vessels = hold+ ?is solution1 z well z = mak+ & prep>+ x2 hog%eads1 on a small scale1 may be made to answ]4 ,x is p>ticul>ly 9 ! use ( ?is solution t ,mr4 ,s----'s me?od consi/s2 ! quickness ) :i* ! solution acts is truly a/oni%+1 & :5 we see x1 !re is cause ( surprise 9 ?9k+ :y x 0 n f\nd out be=e4 ,z soon z ! hides are tak5 out ( ! wat]1 impregnat$ ) sulphuric acid1 ,mr4 ,s---- puts !m into a weak solution ( tan1 9 :i* he leaves !m = ! space ( "o or two h\rs2 he aft]w>ds plunges !m into o!r solutions ( tan1 m or less *>g$ ) ! tann+ pr9ciple1 9 proportion to _! /r5g?1 s t 9 ! exp]im5ts at :i* we 7 pres5t1 "s heavy hides 7 tann$ 9 six or eight days1 o!rs 9 tw5ty & tw5ty-five days4 ,9 plac+ ! hides 9 ! solutions1 "s precautions are necess>y2 ! hides %\ld be susp5d$ on a :eel1 or 9 a frame :]e !y %\ld be /ret*$1 & plac$ "o in* ap>t1 s z to admit ! solution freely ab\t !m2 ,mr4 ,s---- recomm5ds cutt+ (f ! head & ! neck ( ! hide1 & a slip d[n ea* side1 9 :i* slip ! feet & belly "p are to be compreh5d$2 & ! circum/ance :i* det]m9es ,mr4 ,s---- to cut ! hide 9 ?is mann] is1 t ! feet1 & ! p>ts t are ne> ! belly1 are m spongy & m easily p5etrat$ by ! tan2 & z !y produce lea!r ( an inf]ior quality !y may be m advantage\sly tann$ sep>ately1 ?an put promiscu\sly into ! solutions ( tan ) ! re/4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ! hide is to be divid$ into two or m p>ts or pieces1 s z to be easily plac$ 9 ! vats or casks4 ,dry+ ! ,hides4 ,! hides1 :5 tak5 out ( ! solution ( tan1 mu/ be dri$ ) ! usual precautions1 t is to say1 s sl[ly1 t ! sk9 does n %r9k on ! fle% side4 ,) respect to ?9n] hides1 = ! upp] lea!r ( %oes1 ,mr4 ,s---- beg9s by wa%+ & tak+ (f ! fle% 9 ! mann] already describ$1 or1 z is done 9 ! common way = /rong soal lea!r2 he !n takes (f ! hair by means ( cle> lime-wat]2 he does n make !m und]go ! op]ation ( swell+1 b puts !m imm$iately into weak solutions ( tan1 ! /r5g? ( :i* he gradually increases1 b )\t ev] br++ x to ! degree ( contraction1 :i* he gives x :5 x is to be us$ 9 tann+ ?ick lea!r2 two1 ?ree1 or f\r days1 are en\gh = tann+ ! ?9n] k9d ( lea!r4 ,lea!r :i* is n suffici5tly impregnat$ ) ! tann+ pr9ciple1 is g5]ally kn[n by a :ite speck or /reak1 :i* is obs]vable 9 ! middle ( its sub/ance4 ,we c affirm t ^? hides :i* 7 tann$ 9 our pres5ce1 9 a few days1 7 completely tann$1 z ! above m5tion$ :ite /reak 0 n p]ceivable2 we may also add1 t ,mr4 ,s----'s me?od has ! advantage ( af=d+ ! opportunity ( obs]v+ & exam9+1 f "t to "t1 ! progress ( ! op]ation2 = ?is purpose no?+ m is necess>y b to take a slip (f ! hide out ( ! vat1 & cut (f a corn] ( x1 ! :ite /reak already spok5 ( w appe> m or less ?ick1 until ! tann+ is complet$2 x has be5 g5]ally suppos$1 t ! tan 9 ! tanpits _h no o!r effect ^u ! lea!r ?an t ( h>d5+ & brac+ ! fibres ( ! sk91 :i* has be5 relax$ by ! prelim9>y ( tann+4 ,mr4 ,s----1 h[ev]1 exam9$ ! op]ation m closely1 & discov]$ t !re exi/$ 9 ! tan a pr9ciple :i* 0 soluble 9 wat]1 by :i* ! tann+ 0 br\ght ab\t4 ,t ?is pr9ciple aft]w>ds became fix$ 9 ! lea!r 9 consequ5ce ( a p>ticul> comb9ation betwe5 ! said pr9ciple & ! sk92 & ?is comb9ation produc$ a sub/ance t 0 n soluble 9 wat]2 all ?is has be5 demon/rat$ by ,mr4 ,s----1 9 ! mo/ evid5t mann]4 ,x is well kn[n t if lea!r1 :i* has n be5 tann$1 is boil$ 9 wat]1 x is 9 a %ort "t almo/ entirely dissolv$ !re94 ,?is solution1 by be+ conc5trat$1 produces a jelly1 or size1 :i*1 by f>!r evaporation1 & be+ dri$ 9 ! air1 becomes :at is call$ glue4 ,mr4 ,s---- hav+1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 exp]im5ts1 exam9$ ! effects ( a solution ( tan ^u a solution ( glue1 obs]v$ t !y 7 h>dly mix$ toge!r be=e a :ite felam5t\s precipitate took place1 ow+ to a comb9ation ( ! glue ) ! tann+ pr9ciple conta9$ 9 ! solution ( tan4 ,?is precipitate is insoluble 9 wat]1 ei!r hot or cold1 & acquires col\r by be+ expos$ to ! light4 ,! =ego+ exp]im5t furni%es a true explanation ( ! process ( tann+2 = x w easily be conceiv$ t ! solution ( tan acts ^u ! hides 7f :i* glue is produc$7 9 ! same mann] z x acts ^u glue2 ?is is :at really happ5s 9 common tanpits1 & ,mr4 ,s----'s new me?od1 9 :i* ! solution ( tan gradually p5etrates ! hides1 & z x p5etrates comb9es ) x1 produc+ a gradual *ange ( col\r t is v obs]vable1 till at la/ ! col\r ( ! hide is *ang$ ?r\gh\t1 & x acquires a compact texture & m>bl$ appe>ance1 l t ( a nutmeg3 by ?is x pla9ly appe>s1 t a precipitation also takes place 9 ! action ( tann+1 al?\gh ! hide is n dissolv$1 b m]ely swell$ s z to enable ! solution to p5etrate x m easily4 ,! prop]ty :i* animal jelly1 or glue1 possesses1 ( be+ precipitat$ by a solution ( ! tann+ pr9ciple1 furni%es a means ( discov]+ :at sub/ances may be useful 9 tann+3 no?+ m is necess>y ?an to make a solution or infusion ( ! vegetable sub/ance suppos$ prop] = t purpose1 & t ^u be+ mix$ ) a solution ( glue1 w %[ by ! great] or less quantity ( precipitate produc$1 :at probability !re is t su* sub/ance might be advantage\sly employ$ 9 tann+4 ,ano!r ,rem>k4 ,lime-wat] also (f]s an excell5t means ( discov]+ su* sub/ances4 ,if lime-wat] be add$ to a solution ( tan1 ! mixture in/antly produces a copi\s precipitate2 & if a suffici5t quantity ( lime-wat] be add$ to neutralize ! :ole ( ! tann+ pr9ciple1 !n ! sup]natant liquor1 al?\gh /ill possess+ col\r1 w n =m any precipitate ) glue2 ,i mean 9 solution4 ,9 l mann] ! liquor sep>at$ f a precipitation1 caus$ by ! mixture ( a solution ( tan ) "o ( glue1 w n produce any precipitate ) lime-wat]1 if1 dur+ ! precipitation1 ! tann+ pr9ciple has be5 completely neutraliz$4 ,?is %[s evid5tly t ,doctor ,m',bride's me?od ( exhau/+ ! tan by means ( lime-wat] is defective1 & t by s do+ a loss ( ! tann+ pr9ciple takes place1 9 proportion to ! quantity ( x conta9$ or comb9$ ) ! lime dissolv$ 9 ! lime-wat]4 ,ano!r ,rem>k4 ,z 9 summ] ! solution ( tan is dispos$ to run into ! v9\s f]m5tation1 &1 ( c\rse1 f t into ! acet\s1 & h its pr9cipal *ang$1 no m ( ! solution ( tan %\ld be prep>$ 9 ! summ] season ?an is want$ = imm$iate use4 ,9 w9t]1 ?is precaution 9 n necess>y1 z 9 t season x w keep1 & may be !n prep>$ = exportation to any "p ( ,europe & ?us conv]t$ into a pr(itable article ( comm]ce4 ,a table %[+ ! "t diff]5t hides took to be complet$1 9 ! op]ations ( prep>+ & tann+4 ,t5 ox hides1 tak5 ! #ag? ( ,augu/1 7 completely tann$ by ! #f? ( ,septemb]1 9 all1 tw5ty days4 ,wa%+ ! hides1 #b days4 ,tak+ (f ! hair1 #e d4 ,rais+ or swell+1 #e d4 ,second wa%+1 #b d4 ,tann+1 7prop]ly s call$17 #f d4 --------- #bj days4 ,t5 ox hides1 tak5 ! #ai? ( ,july1 7 tann$ ! #i? ( ,augu/1 mak+ tw5ty-"o days4 ,wa%+1 #b days4 ,tak+ (f ! hair1 #aj d4 ,swell+1 #a d4 ,tann+1 #h d4 --------- #ba days4 ,"o ox hide1 tak5 ! #c;d ( ,septemb]1 0 tann$ ! #b;d ( ,octob]1 mak+ tw5ty-n9e days4 ,wa%+1 #a day4 ,tak+ (f ! hair & swell+1 #c d4 ,tann+1 #be d4 --------- #bi days4 ,ano!r ox hide1 tak5 ! #e? ( ,septemb]1 0 tann$ ! #c;d ( ,octob]1 mak+ tw5ty-eight days4 ,wa%+1 #a day4 ,tak+ (f ! hair & swell+1 #b d4 ,tann+1 #be d4 --------- #bh days4 ,n4,b4 ,! tann+ solutions made use ( to ^! hides 0 less /rong1 & ( a cool] temp]ature ?an usual1 by :i* ! "t employ$ 9 ! tann+ op]ation 0 prolong$4 ,calf ,sk9s4 ,sixte5 v ?ick calf sk9s1 tak5 ! #ah? ( ,july1 7 tann$ by ! #ca/ ( ! same mon?4 ,wa%+1 #a day4 ,tak+ (f ! hair1 #h d4 ,tann+1 #d d4 --------- #ac days4 --------- ,six calf sk9s1 tak5 ! #ai? ( ,july1 7 tann$ ! #b;d ( ,augu/1 mak+ f\rte5 days4 ,wa%+1 #b days4 ,tak+ (f ! hair1 #i d4 ,tann+1 #c d4 --------- #ad days4 --------- ,six dri$ calf sk9s1 began ! #ad? ( ,augu/1 7 tann$ ! #bh? ( ,augu/4 ,wa%+1 #b days4 ,tak+ (f ! hair & swell+1 #aa d4 ,tann+1 #a d4 --------- #ad days4 --------- ,six calf sk9s1 began ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 7 f9i%$ ! #aj? ( ,septemb]4 ,tak+ (f ! hair & wa%+1 #bj days4 ,tann+1 7prop]ly s call$17 #a d4 --------- #ba days4 --------- ,?ree calf sk9s 7 br\ght f ano!r tan-y>d1 ! op]ation ( tann+ _h be5 begun ^u !m1 !y hav+ be5 ?irte5 days 9 ! tanpit1 9 :i* x 0 int5d$ !y %\ld h rema9$ elev5 mon?s1 7:i* 0 ! usual "t all[$ su* sk9s 9 ! old way ( tann+27 two ( ^! sk9s 7 tann$ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ! ?ird 0 tann$ 9 =ty-eight h\rs4 ,six o!r calf sk9s took ?irte5 days4 ,wa%+ & tak+ (f ! hair1 #f days4 ,tann+1 #g d4 --------- #ac days4 --------- ,?ree salt$ ,c[ ,hides1 ,began ! #ad? ( ,augu/1 7 f9i%$ ! #ab? ( ,septemb]4 ,wa%+ & tak+ (f ! hair1 #bj days4 ,tann+1 #i d4 --------- #bi days4 --------- ,"o fre% ,horse ,hide1 ,began ! #cj? ( ,augu/1 0 f9i%$ ! #ac? ( ,septemb]4 ,wa%+1 #a day4 ,tak+ (f ! hair1 #f d4 ,tann+1 #g d4 --------- #ad days4 --------- ,ano!r fre% ,horse ,hide1 ,began ! #d? ( ,septemb]1 0 f9i%$ ! #ai? ( ,septemb]4 ,wa%+1 #a day4 ,tak+ (f ! hair1 #g d4 ,tann+1 #g d4 --------- #ae days4 --------- ,two dri$ ,%eep ,sk9s1 ,began ! #ad? ( ,augu/1 7 f9i%$ ! #ab? ( ,septemb]4 ,wa%+ & tak+ (f ! wool1 #be days4 ,tann+1 #d d4 --------- #bi days4 --------- ,?ree ,goat ,sk9s1 ,began ! #af? ( ,augu/1 7 f9i%$ ! #aj? ( ,septemb]4 ,wa%+ & tak+ (f ! hair1 #bc days4 ,tann+1 #b d4 --------- #be days4 --------- ,five ,goat ,sk9s1 ,began ! #ai? ( ,augu/1 7 f9i%$ ! #aj? ( ,septemb]4 ,wa%+ & tak+ (f ! hair1 #bj days4 ,tann+1 #b d4 --------- #bb days4 --------- ,,! ,,end