available by ,cornell ,univ]sity ,digital ,collections7 ,,! ,,cont95tal ,,mon?ly3 ,,devot$ ,,to ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,national ,,policy3 ,,vol4 ,,vi4--,,augu/1 #ahfd4--,no4 ,,ii4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s pr9t] errors h be5 correct$4 ,all o!r inconsi/5cies are z 9 ! orig9al4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,am]ican ,,civilization4 ,,second ,,pap]4 ,z a nation we are fa/ los+ t rev]5ce = ! p[]s t be :i* is enjo9$ by ,holy ,writ1 & )\t :i* no =m ( gov]nm5t c be la/+1 no political sy/em c take a firm hold ^u ! affections ( ! p4 ,! opposition press teems ) vitup]ation & p]sonal abuse ( ^? :om ! p !mselves h *os5 to control ! public policy & adm9i/] ! public affairs4 ,! incumb5t ( ! ,presid5tial *air1 s f> f receiv+ t respect & def]5ce to :i* 8 position entitles him1 becomes ! victim ( sl&] & vilification1 f "o portion ( ! c\ntry to ano!r1 on ! "p ( ^? :o *ance to diff] ) him 9 political s5tim5ts4 ,ev5 be>dless boys1 tak+ _! cue f ^? :o1 be+ old]1 %\ld "k bett]1 are unsp>+ 9 ! use ( su* t]ms z 'sc\ndrel1' 'fool1' 'tyrant1' z appli$ to ^? :om ! p h delight$ to honor1 ei!r unconsci\s or utt]ly he$less ( ! disgu/ ) :i* _! language inspires ! old] & m ?\ghtful4 ,& ?us x has become a recogniz$ fact t no man's reputation c )/& ! trial ( a f\r ye>s' t]m ( s]vice 9 ! ,presid5tial (fice4 ,:ile ?is is 9 a great measure ! reaction f ! k+ wor%ip ( ! ,old ,_w1 x is nev]!less a blot ^u our civilization1 a dep>ture f ^? l(ty & noble s5tim5ts :i* *>act]ize e advanc$ /age ( human intellect1 9 :i* ! supremacy & inviolability ( ! law is ackn[l$g$1 & 9 :i* ! rul] is rev]5c$ z ! repres5tative & imp]sonation ( ! law4 ,& z1 9 su* a /age1 respect = ! magi/rate & ! law mutually react ^u ea* o!r1 s 9 ! pres5t /ate ( affairs ! t5d5cy is1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 to rea* f ! rul] to ! edict :i* he adm9i/]s1 & ?us to beget a disrespect & disreg>d ( law itself1 pav+ ! way to t viol5ce & mob rule :i*1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( humanity1 mu/ inevitably att5d ! e/abli%m5t ( ! democratic pr9ciple4 ,! rem$y is to be f\nd 9 re=m 9 ! education ( our y\?1 :]eby ! utmo/ respect = ! law & = ^? by :om x is adm9i/]$ %all be inculcat$ z ! gr\ndwork ( all patriotism & national progress1 :ile at ! same "t cultivat+ a l(ti] appreciation ( ! bless+s ( social ord] & h>mony1 & ( well-regulat$ lib]ty ( ?\ght1 spee*1 & action1 & a pur] /&>d ( "r4 ,yet ev5 ?is w be ( little avail except 9 connection ) ! abatem5t1 ?r\gh ! /rong good s5se ( a ?9k+ & upright p1 ( t national nuisance ( bitt] & unm]ciful political p>tisan%ip ( :i* we h spok51 all ( ^: t5d5cies are to evil1 & s remov+ f ! eyes ( our y\? a l[1 unwor?y1 & degrad+ example1 :i* !y are too prone to foll[4 ,! *ild w tread1 to a great degree1 9 ! /eps ( ! fa!r1 & ! :ole c\rse ( 8 intellectual life be gov]n$1 m or less1 by ! pr9ciples & prejudices :i* he is accu/om$ e day to he> f ! lips ( a p>5t1 :o is necess>ily ! tea*] &1 9 a great measure1 ! m\ld] ( 8 infant m9d4 ,h[ c>eful1 !n1 ought e p>5t to be ( ! pr9ciples :i* he inculcates & ! examples :i* he sets 9 8 conv]sation1 especially :5 t conv]sation is direct$ to a condemnation ( ! motives or ! acts ( ! rul+ p[]s6--le/ ! *ild be "s "t incl9$ to enl>ge ^u 8 views1 & c>ry 8 d$uctions f>!r ?an he himself ev] dream$1 till he %all f9ally be l$ into a contempt ( ! in/itutions z well z ( ! rul]s ( 8 native l&1 ?r\gh a fa!r's tea*+1 & s gr[ up an embryo traitor1 ready at ! fir/ signal to emb>k 9 any revolution>y s*eme or wild ent]prise ( vision>y re=m1 su* z h be5 & are /ill ! di/urb]s ( our national prosp]ity4 ,= an example ( su* a result 9 our day we h b to look at ! y\? ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ^: fi]y treason1 f> exce$+ t ( _! eld]s1 is no?+ m ?an ! outgr[?1 ! legitimate ext5sion & developm5t ( t bitt] d5unciation ( rul]s :o *anc$ to be unpopul> ) _! fa!rs1 ( t unre/ra9$ lic5se ( spee* :i* left no?+ unt\*$1 h[ev] sacr$1 h[ev] holy x might be1 :i* *anc$ to /& 9 ! way ( gross & sordid int]e/4 ,! ideas ( ! hot-blood$1 fire-eat+ ,s\!rn y\? ( to-day1 ! recklessness & ! treason1 ! d5ationaliz+ _s ( revolution & blood :i* s readily manife/s itself 9 contempt ( ! old flag1 & ! dire/ hatr$ ( all t _! fa!rs held sacr$ & laid d[n _! lives to su/a9--all ?is is b ! idea1 int5sifi$ & develop$1 ( ! ,s\!rn] ( a bygone g5]ation2 x is b ! natural d$uction f 8 conv]sation & life1 pond]$ ov] by ! *ild1 fix$ deeply 9 8 he>t z ! tea*+ ( a rev]$ tutor1 & c>ri$ out1 by a natural c\rse ( reason+1 to its extreme 9 ! p>ricidal rebellion ( to-day4 ,& yet t idea 01 9 its inception1 app>5tly h>mless en\gh1 be+ no?+ m ?an t d5unciation & vitup]ation ( ! political lead]s & ! rul+ p[]s :i* *anc$ to be 9 ! opposition1 :]eby ! *ild 0 9 due c\rse ( "t wean$ f 8 c\ntry1 & taught to look lightly ^u & speak lightly ( t :i* ( old "t 0 only m5tion$ ) love & rev]5t awe4 ,nor is ?is ! only re=m :i* is ne$$ 9 ! education ( our y\?4 ,! phrase 'complet+ "o's education' is us$ to-day ) utt] loos5ess1 & appli$ to t p]iod :5 ! y\? leaves ! s*ool or college = ! busy walks ( life4 ,h[ mu* ( error is conta9$ 9 su* an application ( ! t]m he well kn[s :o1 aft] "s ye>s ( _w life1 c look back ^u 8 college days & see :at a m]e smatt]+ ( k he ga9$ )9 ! 'classic %ades1' & h[ poorly educat$ he 01 9 any & e s5se ( ! ^w1 h[ ill fitt$ = ! realities ( "w-day life1 :5 fir/ he em]g$ 9 self-suffici5t pride f ! sacr$ walls1 & laun*$ boldly out ^u ! _w4 ,at ! "t :51 accord+ to ! popul> acceptation ( ! t]m1 ! education is complet$1 x is 9 tru? b j begun2 & he :o1 ^u ! sl5d] capital ( college lore1 %\ld set himself up = a f9i%$ man1 "o compet5t to take ^u himself ! duties1 responsibilities1 & labors ( active life1 w\ld soon f9d to 8 sorr[ t he 0 yet b a babe 9 wisdom1 & yet ne$$ a long & sev]e discipl9e ere he c\ld be consid]$ "o ( ! _w's work]s4 ,9 ! few ye>s devot$1 9 our c\ntry1 to ! education ( y\?1 little m c be done ?an to tea* !m ! value ( k & ! prop] me?od & sy/em ( its acquisition1 leav+ to ! ex]tions ( ! aft] ye>s t education ( ! m9d & developm5t ( ! intellectual p[]s :i* con/itute ! f9i%$ man4 ,& ?is %\ld be ! object ( all our s*ools1 = females z well z = males1 to inculcate ! tru? t ! true education beg9s :]e ! s*ools leave (f1 & dep5ds entirely ^u ! s*ol> himself1 aid$ only by t gr\ndwork ( prep>ation1 t sy/ematiz+ ( ef=t1 imp>t$ by ! tutor 9 ! t5d] ye>s4 ,?is end %\ld be ev] be=e ! tea*]'s eyes1 & ! :ole c\rse ( /udy adju/$ ) a view !reto4 ,& ! in/ruction imp>t$ %\ld be ( su* a "* z mo/ ?or\ghly to fit ! /ud5t = future /udy1 giv+ him a firm foo?old ^u ! mo/ ess5tial bran*es ( k1 f :i* he may advance /eadily & securely :5 left to himself2 frequ5tly w>n+ him t ?is is b ! beg9n+ ( great ?+s1 & t ! ab/rusities ( wisdom1 :]e9 is all its /hetic beauty & its hol9ess--all its moral good--lies f> beyond1 :]e x c only be rea*$ by ! mo/ pati5t1 p]sev]+1 & unremitt+ toil2 n =gett+1 at ! same "t1 to po9t out ! glori\s rew>d :i* awaits ! seek] ( tru?4 ,! effect ( su* a sy/em w\ld soon be felt1 n only 9 our national life1 b 9 our v civilization4 ,= ?us w\ld be ?r[n out ^u our society1 ye> aft] ye>1 a class ( ?9k]s1 ( e>ne/1 work+1 /rong-m9d$ m5 & wom51 se>*]s aft] tru? & disciples ( ! highe/ good1 in/ead ( ! cr[d ( half-fl$g$ intellectual idl]s :o ye>ly em]ge f our s*ools ) ! conceit$ idea t ! c\rse ( /udy is f9i%$1 ! pa?s ( inve/igation fully explor$1 & t life is h5ce=? a holiday f /udy4 ,"u su* a giant impulse our society c\ld n b advance ) enorm\s /rides 9 all t p]ta9s to true civilization1 s9ce ?9k]s w\ld !n be ! rule in/ead ( ! exception1 & tal5t almo/ univ]sal1 :i* is n[1 l angels' visits1 comp>atively 'few & f> betwe54' ,?is is no ,utopian vision3 x is a reality )9 ! scope ( human ex]tion & ! capacity ( our p ( to-day1 if m5 w\ld b ex]t !mselves to su* an end1 & prop]ly apply ! en]gy & labor :i* is n[ too (t5 excit$ ^u unwor?y & trifl+ objects4 ,! realm ( k is s b\ndless t a lifetime is little en\gh & %ort en\gh to give to mortals ev5 a smatt]+ ( t sea ( wisdom :i* swells ar\nd ! univ]se1 & he alone c claim to be a se] :o devotes ! :ole ( a long exi/5ce to ! inve/igation ( tru?2 & only :5 ?is fact is impress$ ^u ! m9ds ( y\? c !y be made to appreciate _! true position 9 exi/5ce1 & made effici5t work]s 9 ! great cause ( humanity4 ,yet all education is va91 all intellectual developm5t is ( little b5efit1 all civilization holl[ 9 its nature & ephem]al 9 its duration :i* lacks ! moral elem5t4 ,& by ! ^w moral 9 ?is connection is int5d$ to be und]/ood n only :at is usually convey$ 9 ! t]m morality1 b also all religion4 ,x is a well-e/abli%$ fact1 m p>ticul>ly exemplifi$ 9 our own hi/ory1 t all political p>ties f\nd$ ^u an ephem]al issue1 inevitably disappe> ) ! f9al adju/m5t ( ! que/ions ^u :i* !y are bas$1 hav+ no?+ left to re/ ^u1 s x is 9 ! affairs ( nations4 ,9 ! weakness ( human nature & ! fallibility ( all human presci5ce1 no sy/em or !ory c be devis$ :i* %all endure ?r\gh all "t1 :i* %all n become effete1 useless1 & ev5 errone\s 9 ! progress ( human developm5t1 & 9 ! ev]-%ift+ condition ( human society4 ,h5ce any gov]nm5t & society f\nd$ ^u a sy/em ( m]ely human devis+1 mu/1 9 ! progress ( ev5ts1 fall to pieces1 & give place to ! results ( a new & y\ng] developm5t4 ,! law ( ,god1 z conta9$ 9 ,div9e revelation1 is alone un*angeable1 unmodifiable4 ,x is adapt$ to meet ! requirem5ts ( all l&s & all ages1 to answ] all ! necessities ( :i* human nature is capable1 ev5 to its extreme/ v]ge ( developm5t4 ,h5ce all political sy/ems are durable only 9 proportion z !y1 9 _! organization1 con=m to ! precepts ( ,div9e law4 ,we h us$ ! t]m 'moral elem5t' z necess>ily compreh5d+ all religion1 = ! reason t ^u religion is necess>ily bas$ all true morality4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! physical1 & m especially 9 ! intellectual _w1 )\t a f9al cause2 & t s-call$ morality :i* exi/s entirely sep>ate & di/9ct f religion1 c be bas$ ^u no?+ o!r ?an self-int]e/1 :i*1 "u diff]5t conditions & circum/ances1 w\ld z unhesitat+ly lead to evil4 ,! 'moral man' )\t religion c\ld z easily be evil m9d$ & dissolute 9 a community purely evil z he is upright & honorable 9 a civiliz$ & enlight5$ community ( to-day1 = ! reason t 8 morality is no?+ m ?an def]5ce to a c]ta9 /&>d ( honor--9 o!r words1 to ! tone ( ! society by :i* he is surr\nd$1 br++ ) x all ! b5efits ( high public e/imation & a l(ty position 9 society1 :i* tone x mu/ foll[1 be x good or bad3 x is f\nd$ & built up 9 self-int]e/4 ,yet ?is v tone ( society1 & all ^! /&>ds ( honor & uprightness1 :5 trac$ to _! orig91 are f\nd to arise f ! precepts ( revelation4 ,we are all1 physically & intellectually1 ! creatures ( circum/ance4 ,exp]i5ce m\lds & develops ! intellect4 ,our moral natures are n innate1 b solely & entirely ! result ( ! influ5ces by :i* we are surr\nd$4 ,!re is 9 ! s\l no absolute /&>d ( "r2 if !re 71 uprightness w\ld be ! same ! _w ov]4 ,b ! "r ( ! hea!n is a diff]5t ?+ f t ( ! ,*ri/ian2 ! "r ( ! ,*9ese or ! ,japanese is a diff]5t ?+ f t ( m enlight5$ nations2 ! "r ( "o ,*ri/ian community is diff]5t f t ( ano!r2 & ?is because "r1 consid]$ di/9ct f religion1 is relative1 & subject to all ! modifications ( diff]5t conditions ( society4 ,! ',evil1 be ?\ my good' ( ,milton's ,satan is a delicate recognition ( ?is fact4 ,b absolute "r is a ?+ unkn[n to human nature2 x c nev] be innate1 b comes f )\t4 ,x c only be appreh5d$ by ! intellect z a ?+ ( ,god1 a "p ( ,8 nature1 giv5 to u z a law1 a rule ( action1 :i* we c accept or n1 tak+ ^u ourselves ! consequ5ces ( its rejection4 ,!re c be no /&>d ( absolute "r o!r ?an ! law ( ,god2 !re c be no o!r inv>iable & et]nal rule ( human action4 ,& if ?is position be true ( individuals1 mo/ assur$ly is x true ( nations1 :i* are b individuals 9 ! concrete1 subject to ! same vicissitudes1 gov]n$ by ! same laws1 physical & moral1 & foll[+ ! same pa? ( developm5t4 ,only t =m ( gov]nm5t :i* recognizes ! ,supreme ,be+ z ! *ief ( rul]s1 & ,8 law z ! s\rce & model ( all human law1 c be sure ( tru? & ju/ice on its side1 bo? 9 its deal+s ) o!r nations & 9 its regulation ( its own int]nal affairs4 ,only su* a =m c "w /eadily = ! advancem5t ( its p1 bo? by lead+ !m =w>d & by smoo?+ ! rugg$ pa? to p]fection1 & remov+ e ob/acle :i* imp$es ! national progress4 ,h[ev] ne> ! pr9ciples ( our ,gov]nm5t may approa* to ^? ( ! ,div9e law1 !re is /ill room & urg5t necessity = re=m4 ,yet1 9 ! univ]sal disfavor into :i* !ocracies h fall51 & 9 ! int5se desire :i* p]vades our p to avoid ! complicat$ evils ( a union betwe5 *ur* & /ate1 e attempt to unite religi\s pr9ciples ) ^? ( gov]nm5t is look$ ^u ) positive al>m2 & ju/ly s1 s9ce ! exp]i5ce ( pa/ c5turies proves t bo? ?rive be/ 9 sep>ate sph]es1 h[ev] ne> !y may approa* ea* o!r 9 ! ab/ract1 & t :5 unit$1 ! "o is apt to prove a hamp] on ! o!r1 ?r\gh ! introduction ( error & corruption2 :ile1 sep>at$1 !y act z a mutual re/ra9t1 ea* t5d+ to control ! abnormal developm5t ( ! o!r4 ,= ^! reasons re=m 9 ?is p>ticul> mu/ move f ! p to ! gov]nm5t1 n f ! gov]nm5t to ! p4 ,& "h we come to ! root ( ! :ole matt]1 to ! field :]e re=m is mo/ ne$$1 t is1 9 ! moral condition ( our society4 ,:ile !re are few nations 9 :i* !re is su* a div]sity ( religi\s views & multiplicity ( religi\s sects1 !re are few peoples :i* are s prov]bially irreligi\s z our own4 ,yet our condition 9 ?is respect is r a neutral "o ?an o!rwise1 = :ile we are )\t any positive immorality :i* %\ld make u prem95t above o!r nations = vice1 !re is1 nev]!less1 9 our mid/1 little ( t simple1 tru/+1 unque/ion+ fai?1 :i* is ! 'sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ = & ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se5'--little ( t all-p]vad+ & all-p[]ful rev]5ce = sacr$ ?+s1 t deep religi\s feel+ :i* =ms a portion ( ! v life ( mo/ ( ! nations ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,?is is no?+ m ?an ! reaction ( ! /]n ,puritan t5ets ( ! colonial times4 ,x is ! logical result ( ^? d>k & gloomy !ories :i* aim$ to make religion n only unpalatable b absolutely repell+ to ! "y & ! ard5t1 caus+ !m to fly to ! opposite extreme ( ?r[+ aside religion to 'a m conv5i5t season1' :5 ! pleasures ( life %\ld h lo/ _! *>m1 & !y !mselves %\ld be draw+ ne> ! close ( _! pilgrimage4 ,t !ory :i* made a deadly s9 ( t :i* 0 at wor/ b a p>donable misdemeanor & p]haps :olly innoc5t 9 its nature1 c\ld n fail 9 "t to react viol5tly1 fir/ ?r\gh ! process ( disgu/1 !n ?r\gh t ( inquiry1 & f9ally to ! c>ry+ ( speculation to extremes1 & practically pron\nc+ h>mless & innoc5t t :i* 0 really vice4 ,! popul> m9d1 reb\nd+ f ! ,puritan ideas1 did n pause to discrim9ate betwe5 ! tru? & error :i* 7 s intimately m+l$ 9 _! sy/em1 b1 sweep+ly d5\nc+ all ! !ories ^: mo/ prom95t *>act]i/ics 7 revolt+1 involv$ 9 ! d5unciation & rejection mu* ( pure & simple tru?1 & ran rapidly along ! pa? ( revolution1 he$less ( e w>n+1 un*eck$ by ! ob/acles :i* ,tru? ?rew 9 its way1 d[n to ! pres5t "t ( almo/ univ]sal loos5ess4 ,ano!r effect ( ?is rebellion ( ! national m9d aga9/ ! ,puritan !ories is se5 9 ! almo/ ye>ly inauguration ( "s new sect 9 religion1 9 a l& :i* is already s cr[d$ ) div]se & antagoni/ic religi\s organizations t x might be t]m$ ! l& ( sects4 ,h[ev] "r or wrong 9 a religi\s po9t ( view1 ! ,puritans committ$ ! great social mi/ake ( e/abli%+ a new *ur*1 in/ead ( work+ e>ne/ly to re=m ! old 9 ^? respects 9 :i* x seem$ to !m to h fall5 into error1 !reby de/roy+ ! unity ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,_h ! movem5t /opp$ "h1 less h>m w\ld h be5 done2 b x 0 n ( ! nature ( ?+s t x %\ld be s4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! pr9ciple t purity ( wor%ip & ( belief 0 to be s\ght1 & div]sity ( religi\s op9ion to be gratifi$ 9 sep>ation & ! erection ( new organizations1 r ?an 9 ! endeavor to purify ! old & e/abli%$ =m1 at once ?rew wide op5 ! door ( s*ism1 & ) x1 9 ! end1 t ( scepticism4 ,! movem5t once begun c\ld nei!r be *eck$ nor controll$ by any human ef=t4 ,o!rs claim$ ! "r :i* !y !mselves _h ex]cis$1 & ! result 0 soon se5 9 ! sep>ation ( "o aft] ano!r d5om9ation f ! ,puritan ,*ur*1 ea*1 9 its turn1 to be divid$ into a score ( sects1 accord+ z circum/ances %\ld alt] religi\s views4 ,7 ! pr9ciples ( true religion 9 !mselves progressive1 7 ! tea*+s1 ( ! gospel inadequate to or unfitt+ = all possible /ages ( human progress1 or 7 !y capable ( developm5t1 ! _w might !n h be5 ! ga9]4 ,or1 aga91 7 reason infallible1 ! sep>ation ( ! *ur*es w\ld be an incalculable bless+1 by secur+ to all m9ds a free inve/igation ^u religi\s subjects4 ,b infidelity desires no m p[]ful coadjutor ?an human reason 9 its free/ ex]cise1 because x is s liable to be l$ away by sophi/ry1 & its inv>iable t5d5cy is to reject z my?s & fables all ?+s :i* x _c compreh5d or = :i* x _c see a mat]ial cause4 ,p]fect reason is ! tw9 bro!r & /ronge/ support] ( fai?2 b reason z x exi/s 9 ! pres5t developm5t ( humanity is its mo/ deadly antagoni/4 ,! age ( reason has fall5 ^u u1 & its result is se5 9 a practical scepticism p]vad+ ! :ole ( our society1 :i* 9 its ext5t & its injuri\s effects put to ! blu% ! wilde/ speculations ( ! mo/ radical ,g]man metaphysicians4 ,e day we see ar\nd u m5 ( no religi\s pr(ession1 & little if any religi\s feel+1 calmly fac+ dea? )\t a tremor1 )\t a ?\ght ( ! awful beyond4 ,& ?\gh ! application ( ! t]m infidel to su* a man w\ld n fail to ar\se 8 fi]ce/ indignation1 8 indiff]5ce to ! ev5ts & ! fate ( ! great h]eaft] c arise f no?+ else ?an an utt] disbelief 9 ! tea*+s ( ,holy ,writ1 9 ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,su* m5 are b types ( a class1 & t class a v l>ge portion ( our population4 ,! evils ( religi\s divisions are pla9 to be se51 ev5 if !y consi/$ 9 no?+ m ?an ! division & consequ5t weak5+ ( ,*ri/ian ef=t4 ,! *ur* ( ,god1 torn by int]nal diss5sions1 becomes almo/ p[]less = ! spread ( ! gospel1 ! great] portion ( its /r5g? & en]gy be+ exhau/$ 9 bol/]+ up its diff]5t bran*es z aga9/ ea* o!r1 & 9 proselytiz+ )9 itself4 ,:]e1 if unit$1 a small portion ( its weal? & en]gy w\ld suffice to support 9 a n\ri%+ condition ! wor%ip ( a great p1 leav+ an imm5se surplus to be direct$ to ! evangelization ( ! hea!n _w1 n[1 9 its divid$ /ate1 its p[] & imm5se mat]ial res\rces are squ&]$ 9 ! support ( innum]able fragm5ts1 ea* "o ( :i* co/s z mu* 9 labor & 9 means z w\ld suffice to su/a9 ! religion ( ! :ole c\ntry if unit$4 ,worse ?an ev5 ?is1 ! incessant bick]+s ( ! ,*ri/ian _w t5d to invalidate1 9 ! m9ds ( ! unbeliev]s1 n only among ! hea!n1 b among ourselves1 ! tea*+s ( t ,^w :i* is its pr(ess$ guide4 ,! ',see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians hate ea* o!r6' is to reflect+ m9ds outside ! *ur*'s pale1 an almo/ unconqu]able argum5t aga9/ t religion :i* pr(esses to be f\nd$ ^u love4 ,h5ce arises a great portion ( t practical infidelity ( :i* we h spok51 & :i* is ! bane ( our civilization4 ,no nation c be truly great or noble or progressive )\t religion1 & by z mu* z we are dep>t+1 9 our e-day life1 f ! pure tea*+s ( ! gospel1 by s mu* are we t5d+ to our inevitable d[nfall4 ,! p mu/ h "s high /&>d ( moral excell5ce1 some?+ to elevate & purify ! tone ( society1 to lead _! aspirations upw>d away f ! petty toils & c>es & vexations1 f ! sordid desires & ! animal prop5sities ( life1 9 ord] to prev5t !m f fall+ into t decay :i* is inevitably ! result ( corruption1 foll[+ h>d ^u a devotion to m]e self-int]e/4 ,we are1 9 a great measure1 a nation ( mat]iali/s1 too mu* devot$ to ! pursuit ( selfi% & s-call$ practical aims1 too little to ! spiritual & ! e!real4 ,re=m mu/ come1 else ! s\l w become gross & grovell+1 & ! nobl] "p ( our natures1 ! m delicate & ref9$ sympa?ies ( ! he>t1 ! f9] faculties ( ! intellect1 w ru/ away ) disuse1 & ! :ole race become s5sual1 & f9ally effete1 h[ev] brilliant may be its individual exceptions4 ,f :at direction ! ne$$ re=m is to come x is n = u to say4 ,t ,almighty ,provid5ce :i* ov]rules an err+ _w w d\btless provide a way = ! reg5]ation ( ,8 p4 ,! fir/ great /ep is to awak5 ! p to a s5se ( ! necessity ( su* a *ange1 & "s m p[]ful means mu/ be employ$ to ! accompli%m5t ( t end ?an h ev] yet be5 appli$ to our civilization4 ,& ! apo/le :o1 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 %all be ! means ( ar\s+ ! slumb]+ fai? ( our p1 ( awak5+ !m to a full s5se ( ! dang]1 & ( imp>t+ new en]gy to ! recup]ative p[]s ( ! race1 w w9 = himself a l(ti] position 9 ! _w's appreciation ?an has yet be5 conc$$ to any m]e mortal4 ,ano!r great & manife/ evil 9 our society1 & "o closely connect$ ) t ( :i* we h j spok51 is ! inord9ate love ( weal?1 & ! elevation ( ! money god to ! highe/ seat 9 our temple ( wor%ip4 ,human nature craves di/9ction4 ,! divisions & ca/es 9 ! society ( ! ,old ,_w1 f ! pres5t day back to ! remote/ ages1 is n only an evid5ce1 b a practical exemplification ( ?is fact4 ,! abolition ( all ^! di/9ctions consequ5t ^u ! e/abli%m5t ( our republican gov]nm5t ^u ! gr\nd ( political equality1 swept away f our ance/ors almo/ ! only means ( gratify+ ?is innate prop5sity4 ,a h>d-work+1 practical1 agricultural p1 ) no lit]ature1 & little if any cultivation ( ! f9e arts1 !re 0 b "o road to di/9ction op5 to ! mass ( ! population1 & t lay ?r\gh ! av5ues ( weal?4 ,h5ce x 0 b natural t afflu5ce %\ld take ! place ( ! h]$it>y honors ( ! old5 times1 & t ! p %\ld b[ to ! only di/9ction1 h[ev] spuri\s x might be1 :i* elevat$ any portion ( !mselves above _! fell[s4 ,) all ! evils connect$ ) a h]$it>y ari/ocracy1 ! di/9ction :i* att5ds ^u a nobility is 9 a great measure an ideal "o4 ,x is n ei!r its weal? or p[] :i* con/itutes its *>m1 b a c]ta9 nameless some?+ p]ta9+ to ! ideal1 :i* affects n only ! t5ants & reta9]s1 b ev5 our republican selves4 ,x may well be que/ion$ :e!r we h be5 ! ga9]s by sub/itut+ = su* di/9ctions a gross & mat]ial "o1 affect+ ! bodily s5ses alone--! animal "p ( our nature--& :i* conta9s little ei!r to exp& ! m9d or exalt ! aspirations4 ,) u b comp>atively few c become di/+ui%$ 9 ! ranks ( lit]ature or ( art1 or1 inde$1 9 any ( ! high] or intellectual bran*es ( human atta9m5t2 h5ce = ! great mass !re is b "o road to di/9ction1 "o object to claim e ex]tion--! pursuit ( weal?4 ,& z a natural consequ5ce1 we see e art1 e pr(ession h++ ^u ?is motive4 ,mo/ ( ! evils connect$ ) ! adm9i/ration ( our public affairs1 ! fraud & corruption :i* are s prom95t1 ! quadr5nial scramble = place1 ) its consequ5t degrad+ ( ^? positions :i* %\ld be ^? ( ! highe/ honor1 may be trac$ to ?is "o s\rce4 ,m ?an ?is1 we f9d ! s-call$ ari/ocracy ( our great cities--a money$ "o purely--exclud+ f its ranks ^? :o e>n _! livelihood 9 ! pursuit ( lit]ature & art1 & :o1 if true to _! pr(essions1 are entitl$ to ! v highe/ rank 9 society4 ,!re are ( c\rse exceptions1 b n m ?an suffici5t to prove ! rule4 ,a /rik+ exemplification ( ! p[] ( weal? among u is se5 9 ^! days ( %oddy1 :5 ^? :o h hi!rto mov$ 9 ! humble/ circles sudd5ly take _! positions among ! 'upp] t5 ?\s&1' & are treat$ ) a def]5ce to :i* !y h all _! lives be5 /rang]s1 by virtue ( a successful contract or a t[]+ speculation4 ,! effect ( su* a /ate ( ?+s ^u our civilization is easy to be se54 ,a l[ motive is sure to br+ d[n its foll[]s to its own level4 ,a p )\t a l(ty & ennobl+ object is sure to fall into decay4 ,! grasp+ _s :i* ev]y:]e p]vades our society is fa/ l[]+ our p to ! level ( a race ( m]c5>y jobb]s4 ,tru?1 ju/ice1 honor1 purity1 & ev5 religion1 are 9 a great measure lo/ sight ( 9 ! g5]al scramble = gold1 until ! /ricte/ integrity1 ! mo/ self-sacrific+ hone/y1 are beg9n+ to be look$ ^u z m>vels1 & we h won = ourselves among ! nations ( ! _w ! un5viable title ( wor%ipp]s ( ! 'almighty doll>4' ,religion itself is twi/$ & di/ort$ into e imag9able %ape to br+ x into h>mony ) our all-absorb+ pursuit3 all our ideas ( public policy & ( social progress are made to dep5d ^u & modifi$ by ?is unwor?y motive4 ,we mean n to include ^? individuals :o1 ) l(ti] motives & a true appreciation ( man's spiritual capabilities1 are prom95t among u1 battl+ e>ne/ly 9 ! cause ( true progress2 we are speak+ ( ! mass ( our population4 ,^? few are ! goodly leav5 :o are yet to prove ! reg5]ation ( our race4 ,bad z is ! /ate ( affairs 9 ?is respect1 x w1 if left to itself1 become inf9itely worse z ea* succe$+ ye> rolls ar\nd1 = ! _s ( gre$ is progressive 9 its nature1 gr[+ fatt] & fatt] ^u its success4 ,yet1 9 ano!r po9t ( view1 ?is same /rife = weal? is "o great secret ( ,am]ican prosp]ity & progress4 ,x is ! motive p[] to t en]gy :i* has peopl$ ! wild]ness1 erect$ z if by magic a mighty republic among ! savage wilds1 &1 above all1 spread ,am]ican ideas1 & ) !m ! g]m ( human lib]ty1 ov] ! :ole broad e>?4 ,to ?is _s ( gre$ ^u our %ores ! ,old ,_w owes mu* ( its advancem5t & mo/ ( ^? useful inv5tions :i* are fa/ revolutioniz+ humanity itself4 ,b we are n consid]+ x 9 ?is light2 we are view+ x 9 its moral aspect1 t respect 9 :i* x mo/ /rongly affects true civilization1 :i* mu/ soon fall away & lapse into ! condition ( ! ages long pa/1 if x be n su/a9$ by an endur+ moral & religi\s elem5t4 ,! moral advancem5t mu/ keep pace ) ! intellectual1 else ! latt] w "s day rea* t po9t :]e extremes meet1 & h its we>y j\rney to comm5ce aga94 ,x is to be hop$ t ?is evil is already on ! wane4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! pres5t /irr+ up ( our society f its utt]mo/ dep?s1 ) its consequ5t explod+ ( worn-out !ories1 :i* h hi!rto held _! places only ?r\gh our national le?>gy--) its sweep+ away ( old-"t prejudices1 & m+l+ toge!r ( elem5ts :i* h hi!rto exi/$ di/9ct & alo( f ea* o!r1 w result 9 br++ true m]it to ! surface1 9 awak5+ our p to a l(ti] appreciation ( ! good & ! true1 !reby e/abli%+ a high] moral /&>d among u2 t pur] motives w h5ce=? actuate our society4 ,! fe>s :i* are ent]ta9$ by "s t ! pres5t w> w prove a sev]e %ock to our civilization1 are n su/a9$ by ! facts :i* are ev]y:]e appe>+ ar\nd u4 ,! frequ5t dem&s ^u ! g5]osity & =be>ance ( a great p1 ! con/ant calls = ! ex]cise ( ! noble/ qualities1 ! mo/ self-sacrific+ devotion1 & t too 9 support ( a great pr9ciple r ?an ( any pres5t mat]ial int]e/1 ! v necessity = an exalt$ civilization & intellectual developm5t on ! "p ( ! masses1 :i* %all enable !m to see 9 t pr9ciple ! gr\ndwork ( all _! future well-be+1 bo? z reg>ds mat]ial prosp]ity & political position1 are con/antly br++ be=e ! p1 9 a cle>] light ?an ev] be=e1 ! bless+s ( honor & uprightness1 ! necessity ( national purity1 & develop+ a moral elem5t 9 our mid/1 ^: good effects w f> outbalance ! ephem]al & spasmodic immorality & vice :i* a /ate ( w> usually eng5d]s4 ,our p are becom+ acqua9t$ ) ^? bless+s ( individual well-do+ & ^? pr9ciples ( philan?ropy to :i* !y h = s long be5 comp>ative /rang]s4 ,& x is ?is1 toge!r ) ! unveil+1 ?r\gh ! pres5t convulsion1 ( ^? errors1 bo? 9 our political sy/em & 9 our society1 :i* h s ne>ly prov$ our ru91 :i* w make ?is w> 9 v tru? ! greate/ bless+ t has ev] befall5 u4 ,& if ?is moral progress %all be su* & s great z to ?r[ d[n ! gold5 calf f 8 ?rone & make ! place ( honor ! rew>d ( true m]it alone1 !n %all we h cause1 = ! remote/ g5]ations1 to ?ank ,god = ?is seem+ calamity :i* has fall5 ^u u4 ,& ^! same facts1 /&+ out z %9+ lights 9 ! d>kness1 t5d to %[ t we are1 aft] all1 n q s sordid z we seem2 t1 ) all our wor%ip ( ! money god1 !re is yet1 away d[n 9 ! great ,am]ican he>t1 a weal? ( /rong1 true1 g5]\s feel+1 ready at ! fir/ call ( sorr[ & ( suff]+ to spr+ =? & scatt] its gold5 bless+s ev5 beyond ! seas4 ,x is n alone t1 ye>s ago1 :5 we 7 at peace & at ! height ( prosp]ity1 _m %ips left our %ores lad5 d[n ) food1 ! volunt>y contributions ( ! ,am]ican citiz5 to 8 />v+ bre?r5 ( ! ,em]ald ,isle2 ?\gh ?is ( itself 0 en\gh to place our civilization on a level ) t ( ! mo/ poli%$ nation ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,b ev5 n[1 :5 we are /ruggl+ = our v exi/5ce1 :5 e en]gy & e mat]ial res\rce is be+ ex]t$ to /em ! tide ( int]nal diss5sions & cru% out ! hydra ( int]nal treason2 at a "t :5 ! "m c\ntry has gone to e l5g? %ort ( op5 w> to aid & assi/ ^? :o are /riv+ = our d[nfall1 & h] press is exhau/+ e epi!t ( vitup]ation & scurril\s abuse ( u1 :o are battl+ s e>ne/ly 9 our own def5ce1 & :o are entitl$ by e tru? ( human nature to h] w>me/ sympa?y--a press :i*1 adopt+ ! phraseology ( its ,secession fri5ds & allies1 scruples n to place ! civilization ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates f> 9 advance ( t ( ! ',nor!rn mudsills'--ev5 n[1 :5 ! cry ( ! />v+ op]atives ( ! ,engli% mills comes to u across ! wat]1 =gett+ = ! "t all ! abuse & maltreatm5t we h receiv$1 all ! enmity & bitt] ho/ility :i* ! traitor\s p]fidy ( ,engl& has eng5d]$1 m ?an "o full-freight$ vessel has left our ports be>+ gra9 to ^? :om _! own pr\d ari/ocracy is ei!r p[]less or too nigg>dly to su/a94 ,is ?is n evid5ce ( a civilization consid]ably advanc$ beyond any :i* hi/ory has yet record$8--a civilization bas$ ^u ! gold5 rule ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ^u t /ill m preci\s comm&3 ',love ^? t hate y1 & d good to ^? t p]secute y4' ,= x is 9 its moral aspect t e civilization mu/ 9 ! end be judg$2 & t society :i* develops su* noble pr9ciples & feel+s z ^!1 :i* manife/s itself 9 ?is high] region ( spiritual excell5ce1 9 ! ex]cise ( ^! f9] feel+s ( ! he>t1 is c]ta9ly ne>e/ to p]fection1 9 t x foll[s mo/ closely ! law ( ,god1 ! tru?s ( div9e revelation4 ,:5 in/ances su* z ^! occur on ! "p ( any ( ! old] nations ( ! _w1 x w d = !m to boa/ ( a civilization sup]ior to ours2 b until _! fai? is %[n by _! works1 suff]+ humanity ! _w ov] w accord to u ! palm4 ,nor w x answ] to ascribe to u an unwor?y motive 9 ?is matt]--a desire to w9 cr$it 9 ! eyes ( ! _w4 ,an individual might1 ) "s degree ( plausibility1 fall "u su* an imputation1 b a great p does n move spontane\sly & unit$ly 9 "o direction f su* a motive1 s9ce none b a pure & j pr9ciple c produce unity 9 ! masses4 ,su* an unwor?y & degrad+ motive is ! prop]ty ( individuals1 n ( nations1 ev5 if x 7 possible = su* an idea to be conceiv$ at "o & ! same "t by a multitude ( m9ds4 ,no6 x 0 ! spontane\s expression ( a deep & p]vad+ pr9ciple ( ,am]ican society--( ,am]ican humanity--a free outp\r+ ( ! ,am]ican he>t2 & z su* x w /& ^u ! page ( hi/ory z ! evid5ce ( a civilization beh9d none ( its age4 ,nor is ?is ! only m>k ( ! moral awak5+ ( our p4 ,in/ances are e day appe>+ 9 our mid/ ( ?is true/ ( *>ity1 n ! lea/ ( :i* are ! 'wood processions' ( ! ,we/]n cities & t[ns2 ^? long l9es ( wagons lad5 ) fuel & provisions = ! families ( ! abs5t soldi]s1 ^: sole object & motive is ! com=t ( ^? ^: protectors & support]s are su/a9+ ! c\ntry's honor 9 ! field2 evid5ces m /rik+ ?an ! f\nd+ ( *>itable in/itutions or b5evol5t societies1 s9ce ! latt] may1 & too (t5 does1 arise f ! mo/ selfi% & va+lori\s motive1 :ile 9 ! =m] ! individual is lo/ 9 ! _m :o press eag]ly to be> _! "p 9 a noble "w1 9 ?is spontane\s outp\r+ ( true & he>tfelt b5evol5ce4 ,f ?is same _s arises ! wond]ful success :i* att5ds ! ef=ts ( sanit>y commissions & soldi]s' aid associations 9 alleviat+ ! suff]+s & s(t5+ ! privations ( our soldi]s 9 ! field4 ,) su* evid5ces con/antly appe>+ be=e our eyes ( ! deep & noble feel+s ( ! ,am]ican he>t1 :o c d\bt t our civilization is a progressive "o1 our enlight5m5t equal8 ,:o c d\bt ! capacity ( ! ,am]ican p = good1 or look ) =ebod+ ^u our future8 ,ano!r important sign ( ! times1 z ev9c+ our advanc+ civilization1 is ! revival ( art 9 our mid/4 ,9 ! mid/ ( all our bu/le & toil & eag] /rife = ga91 !re has ev] be5 a some?+ want+ to ! complet5ess ( our life1 a some?+ to fill & satisfy t ye>n+ ( ! s\l = /hetic beauty1 :i* is at once an evid5ce ( its progress & its capacity = div9] ?+s4 ,too long h we be5 absorb$ by ! desires ( our animal nature1 9 ^: pursuit !re is little gratification to t f9] portion ( our inn] selves :i* w n be sil5c$ by any?+ %ort ( ! deepe/ degradation4 ,! p--! great p--ne$ some?+--some?+ high]1 m ennobl+1 m t5d]--to fill ! vacant spot 9 _! he>ts & homes1 to pres]ve ! balance betwe5 ! animal & ! spiritual "p ( _! lives1 & to clo! _! surr\nd+s ) a high] & holi] significance ?an c arise f ! ev5ts & associations ( ! "w-day life4 ,9 art ! miss+ l9k is f\nd1 & :e!r x be ! simple ballad 9 ! ev5+ circle or ! mode/ pr9t t graces ! humble cottage walls--& ! humbl] ! habitation ! deep] ! manife/ation1 because ! m t\*+--x is b ! expression ( ! p's appreciation ( ! ne$s1 ! capacities1 & ! holi] aspirations ( ! bett] "p ( humanity4 ,h5ce ! revival ( art has a deep significance2 x is some?+ m ?an a =c$1 an exotic1 & h5ce ephem]al gr[?2 x is ! manife/ation ( ! awak5+ ( ! p to ! /hetic s5tim5t2 x is ! actual result ( ! intellectual & moral ne$s ( society2 x is 9 itself ! /riv+ ( a great p = ! beautiful & true4 ,& z su* x has a broad & deep f\ndation 9 ! godlike 9 human nature1 :i* %all insure n only its p]man5ce b its progress z long z ! good & ! true h any influ5ce :atev] ^u our society4 ,t we h _h1 until a comp>atively late p]iod1 no art among u1 is ! result n ( a lack ( capacity to compreh5d ! beautiful1 b ( ! int5se & all-absorb+ passion = ga9 :i* has s ne>ly prov$ ! bane ( our society by %utt+ out ! consid]ation ( bett] ?+s3 t art has s sudd5ly reviv$ 9 our mid/ is a pro( t1 s f> f hav+ our humanity1 our political position1 our v civilization itself swall[$ up 9 ! love ( ! almighty doll>1 z has be5 pr$ict$ ( u by =eign wiseacres1 we h be5 ar\s$ to our dang] & to a true appreciation ( ! bett] "p ( exi/5ce2 :i* is itself an evid5ce ( ! ela/icity & ! recup]ative en]gy ( our social sy/em4 ,9 lit]ature our progress is n s flatt]+4 ,9 its effects ^u civilization a lit]ature c only be judg$ by t portion ( x :i* t\*es ! popul> he>t1 :i* desc5ds to ! humble/ fireside1 & is mo/ eag]ly s\ght aft] by ! pl\ghboy & ! op]ative4 ,all o!r1 h[ev] brilliant x may be--& ! m brilliant or pr(\nd ! f>!r x is g5]ally remov$ f ! m9ds ( ! masses--is to !m b z ! />s ( a w9t] night1 cold & di/ant1 radiat+ little w>m? to ! long+ s\l1 too f> away to awak5 m ?an a fa9tly reflect$ admiration4 ,he :o said1 ',give me to write ! songs ( a p1 & ,i c>e n :o makes _! laws1' t\*$ ! t5d] spot 9 ! great he>t ( humanity2 he 0 a sage 9 t true/ ( philosophy1 ! /udy ( human nature4 ,?\gh we h our pr9ces 9 e bran* ( lit]ature1 :o are ! result ( & an honor to our civilization1 yet = _! own results 9 m\ld+ ! ta/es1 ! habits1 & ! intellects ( ! common p1 9 contribut+ to _! advancem5t1 !y fall f> bel[ ! ef=ts ( ! v]ie/ p5ny-a-l9]4 ,x is a lam5table fact ( our society t :ile ! m solid lit]ature sc>cely pays1 ! fla%ie/ ( s-call$ 'fla% lit]ature' br+s d[n ! gold5 %[]4 ,! writ] ( ! l[e/ possible ord] ( lit]>y productions is enri*$1 & 8 "n is famili> 9 ! remote/ corn]s ( ! l&1 :ile our mon>*s ( lit]ature are (t5times pov]ty /rick5 & comp>atively obscure2 & t because ! latt] is conf9$ to a comp>atively small audi5ce & patronage1 :ile ! =m] speaks to & = ! masses2 &1 z a natural consequ5ce1 ! =m] controls ! ta/es ( ! great] portion ( ! read+ community1 & t too = any?+ b good1 s9ce he reaps 8 gold5 h>ve/ by p&]+ to ! base/ ( appetites1 ! l[e/ ( s5sibilities & sympa?ies2 ?us ret>d+ r ?an accel]at+ ! intellectual advancem5t ( ! p1 ?is be+ 8 mat]ial int]e/4 ,& h[ great is ! responsibility ( ^? :o ?us speak to ! e> ( ! simple & ! unle>n$6 h[ t]rible ! retribution !y are heap+ up = !mselves 9 ! great h]eaft]1 = ?us pro/itut+ tal5t :i* might be made em95tly useful 9 lead+ ! m9ds ( ! common p to ! highe/ & noble/ ( tru?s2 9 mak+ pur] & bett] 9 e s5se ( ! ^w6 ,! idea t ! prov9ce ( lit]ature1 ev5 ( fiction1 is simply to amuse1 is explod$ 9 ! light ( advanc+ civilization4 ,e writ] has a high] mission1 & accord+ly z he dis*>ges ! duty :i* 8 faculty lays ^u him1 is he true or false to ! true end ( 8 exi/5ce1 a success or a failure 9 ! _w ( intellect & morality4 ,! mission ( all lit]ature is to make mank9d bo? wis] & bett]1 & ! writ] :o fails to appreciate & act ^u ?is tru? is worse ?an a useless cumb]] ( society2 he is a curse to 8 age1 &1 h[ev] great 8 pres5t fame1 w mo/ assur$ly be =gott5 ) ! pass+ away ( 8 g5]ation4 ,= does n all human ef=t resolve itself into ?is "o ?+8 ,is !re any "w :i* we call good or great1 or ev5 important1 :i* is n int5d$ 9 "s way to b5efit mank9d8 ,else we 7 b butt]flies1 & our works b mi/s4 ,9 ! pa/ ages ! _w has n se5 & appreciat$ ?is fact2 b ! _w ( to-day does appreciate x1 & w c]ta9ly set e work] ^u 8 prop] p$e/al1 high or l[1 accord+ z 8 ef=ts h conduc$ or n to ! welf>e ( humanity4 ,pres5t re=m 9 ?is p>ticul> is n to be look$ =2 x mu/ be ext]nal r ?an int]nal4 ,c\ld ! :ole mass ( light lit]ature be at once & =ev] swept out ( exi/5ce1 ! p w\ld soon acquire a love ( solid read+ z ard5t z t :i* n[ p]vades ! l[] /ratum ( our society = 'yell[-cov]$' tra%4 ,= ! love ( k is innate1 & ! p w\ld necess>ily seek = & f9d amusem5t 9 su* read+ z c\ld n fail to in/ruct & educate1 to revive ?is love ( k1 & fan x into an ard5t flame4 ,b ?is _c be done4 ,! p w ev] seek t read+ :i* is mo/ cong5ial to _! pres5t ta/es & habits1 & !re w ev] be f\nd a legion ( ^? :o are eag] to supply ?is sort ( m5tal pabulum--if x c be s call$--= ! sake ( ! gold5 equival5t4 ,= ^! reasons1 ! lit]ature ( ! common p mu/ ev] foll[1 n lead1 _! civilization2 x mu/ cont9ue to be ! outw>d & visible sign ( _! progress1 in/ead ( ! inw>d & spiritual grace by :i* x is p]vad$ & su/a9$2 & re=m mu/ be inaugurat$ & consummat$ 9 ^? o!r influ5ces :i* t5d to m\ld ! moral man1 & :i* mu/ be s guid$ z to de/roy all ^! l[ & grovell+ ta/es1 by lift+ ! man into a high] plane ( be+1 9 :i* ! animal %all be :olly subs]vi5t to ! spiritual4 ,h5ce ! prov9ce ( ! true philan?ropi/ lies 9 ^? o!r pa?s :i* we h po9t$ out1 r ?an 9 ?is1 s9ce 9 !m lies ! prospect ( success ^: fruits w 9 ?is mo/ cle>ly appe>4 ,x is a significant fact t ! =eign view po9ts to b two blots ^u our society1 & t =eign detractors h>p cont9ually ^u ^!1 & ^! alone1 z evid5ces ( ! backw>dness ( our civilization--! in/itution ( slav]y & ! riots :i* occasionally disgrace our l>ge cities4 ,= 9 ! light ( ! facts & exp]i5ce ( to-day1 su* a position is simply a yield+ ( ! :ole "q4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t ! few riots ) :i* we are afflict$--few 9 comp>ison ) ^? :i* s (t5 convulse ,european society--are almo/ inv>iably incit$ & su/a9$ by our =eign population1 & t portion ( x1 too1 late/ arriv$ ^u our %ores1 x w be se5 ) :at inju/ice ! evil is laid at ! door ( ,am]ican society4 ,x is1 9 fact1 no?+ else ?an ! outbreak ( ! long-accumulat$ & long-suppress$ discont5t & mis]y ( ,european l&s1 :i*1 = ! fir/ "t = c5turies1 f9ds v5t ^u ! %ores ( a l& ( political & social lib]ty--a reaction ( ! spr+s long held d[n by ! iron h& ( tyranny--a viol5t re/oration ( t natural ela/icity :i* _h s ne>ly be5 de/roy$ by ages ( social degradation4 ,! mob law1 ! frequ5t resort to ! pi/ol & ! b[ie knife1 & ! univ]sal social recklessness ( our own citiz5s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 is ! effect ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 & falls )9 ! discussion ( t "q1 ) ! disappe>ance ( :i* !y mu/ inevitably dep>t4 ,7 ,african slav]y a p]man5t feature 9 our mid/1 ! argum5t aga9/ our civilization w\ld be unansw]able4 ,b x has ma9ta9$ its gr\nd 9 spite (1 r ?an z ! result ( or 9 connection ) ! _s ( our in/itutions4 ,x has hi!rto be5 suff]$ to exi/ z an ackn[l$g$ evil1 solely because ! disa/r\s results att5d+ its sudd5 abolition h be5 ju/ly fe>$ z great] ?an any :i* c\ld at pres5t arise f its cont9uance4 ,yet at no p]iod has ! ,am]ican p ceas$ to look =w>d to "s future "t :5 x might safely be root$ out4 ,our fai? has ev] be5 /rong1 & our confid5ce 9 ! ultimate triumph ( ! "r un%ak54 ,t "t has come4 ,! pres5t w>1 f ^: inauguration ! "q ( slav]y abolition 0--on our "p1 at lea/--entirely abs5t1 has giv5 ! opportunity :i* our p h n fail$ to seize4 ,to cru% out ! rebellion )\t m$dl+ ) ! in/itutions ( ! ,s\? 0 at fir/ ! ma9 spr+ ( ! w>2 fiat ju/itia1 ruat coelum1 is n[ ! voice ( ! :ole p2 & ! v fact t ! nation has s e>ne/ly tak5 hold ( ! "w1 s /]nly det]m9$ to sacrifice ev]y?+ b its exi/5ce to ! demolition ( ?is bloody god1 is ( itself an evid5ce ( ! purity ( our civilization4 ,we h n be5 dead to ! pr9ciples ( tru? & ju/ice involv$ 9 ?is "q2 we h be5 b bid+ our "t1 pla9ly see+ & c>efully not+ ! direful effects ( slav]y ^u our social organization1 & 'heap+ up wra? aga9/ ! day ( wra?4' ,& n[1 ) ! bless+ ( ,god ^u our ef=ts1 ! pres5t w> w n cease until ! dea? bl[ is giv5 to ! accurs$ in/itution ) all its att5dant evils4 ,we1 z a p1 are fully ar\s$ & /]nly det]m9$ h5ce=? to let no?+ /& 9 ! way ( our social advancem5t1 h[ev] "t-honor$ & *]i%$ may h be5 ! ob/acle4 ,& :5 ^! evils h all be5 swept away1 z !y assur$ly w be1 we %all /& =? among ! nations 9 all ! glory ( a pure & enlight5$ civilization1 & *all5ge ! _w to produce a nobl] record1 to po9t out a happi]1 m prosp]\s1 m truly progressive p4 ,) ! close ( ! pres5t w> w arise ano!r important "q1 be>+ n less /rongly ?an t ( slav]y ^u our ultimate civilization4 ,! slavehold+ ,/ates are to be1 9 a measure1 repeopl$4 ,! tide ( immigration :i* has s long & s /eadily /ream$ t[>d ! ,we/ w be = "s "t div]t$ to ! f]tile plantations ( ! ,s\?4 ,n only ! soldi]s ( ! ,nor?1 to :om ! w> has op5$ :at has hi!rto be5 to !m almo/ a t]ra incognita1 w seek new homes )9 ! sunny climes2 b ! flood ( =eign immigration1 :i*1 ^u ! v9dication ( our national integrity & p[]1 w quickly d\ble itself 9 comp>ison ) t ( =m] ye>s1 & sweep t[>d ?is new & invit+ field2 & ! di/9ctive feature ( ,s\!rn society--( s-call$ ',s\!rn *ivalry'--w soon be swall[$ up 9 ! torr5t4 ,& :at !n %all we h to fill its place8 ,! crude ideas ( =eign tyros 9 ! s*ool ( fre$om1 ! conflict+ religi\s1 social1 & political !ories ( ,european revolutioni/s1 ! antagoni/ic policies ( a hundr$ diff]5t nationalities4 ,all ?is1 9 connection ) ! difficulties aris+ f ! free+ ( s l>ge an ,african population1 w prove a sev]e trial to our national civilization1 & call = ! ex]cise ( ! pr(\nde/ wisdom1 ! mo/ c>eful discrim9ation1 & ! mo/ pati5t =be>ance on ! "p ( our rul]s & /atesm54 ,& mo/ assur$ly ! times w !mselves produce ! m5 mo/ fitt$ = ! c>e ( su* int]e/s & ! decision ( su* que/ions4 ,?\gh !re is ne$ ( ! firm h&1 ! utmo/ wat*fulness1 & ! /ronge/ ex]tion on ! "p ( e citiz5 z well z /atesman1 x is n to be fe>$ t ! result w 9 ! end be disa/r\s to our progress4 ,= ! g5ius ( ! ,am]ican p 0 nev] yet at fault4 ,we h h&l$ simil> que/ions be=e2 we are h&l+ a m important "o n[1 & our capabilities & our p[] ( developm5t are su* t we ne$ n fe> b t we %all be enabl$ to cope ) ! exig5cies ( ! future4 ,t g5ius :i* has built up a p[]ful nation "h 9 ! wild]ness1 :i* has develop$ to su* a degree ! res\rces ( ! laud & ! capacities ( ! p1 :i* has conceiv$ & execut$ 9 s %ort a "t su* a social & moral revolution1 has 9 x too mu* ( ! godlike to suff] ! "w to fall ?r\gh f any incapacity to deal ) ! legitimate consequ5ces ( its action4 ,! p[] to inaugurate & c>ry ?r\gh ! "w necess>ily implies ! capacity to e/abli% & r5d] p]man5t its results1 to guide ! %ip :5 ! /orm is pa/4 ,x w f9d ! ways & means2 ! times !mselves w develop new tru?s1 :i* w make ! task less difficult ?an x seems to u ( to-day4 ,su* is ! feel+ ( ! p2 & ?is same noble fai? & confid5ce 9 our own capacities1 ?is turn+ a deaf e> to all ! possibilities ( failure1 & look+ ) a nev]-fail+ tru/1 a s\l-felt fai?1 to ! triumph ( our cause & ( our civilization1 is our greate/ /r5g?1 :ile x is1 at ! same "t1 a conclusive evid5ce t we are on ! high road ( true progress1 t our civilization is n a ?+ ( ye/]day1 to-day1 or to-morr[1 b ( ! et]nal ages4 ,,aphorism4--,,no4 ,x4 ',x is a frequ5t result ( pov]ty to make m5 ri*--a common curse ( weal? to make !m poor4' ,pov]ty1 mak+ u feel our dep5d5ce ^u ,god1 almo/ compels u to an acqua9tance ) ,him--?is leads u to accept ,him z ! "o ,inf9ite ,b5efactor2 & s gives u weal? t c nev] fail3 b ri*es1 by enc\rag+ our natural love ( indep5d5ce1 is too apt to keep u away f our ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 & ?us plunge u into su* pov]ty z admits ( no actual relief4 ,9 ?is view !re is some?+ to hope = 9 ! pres5t di/resses ( our c\ntry4 ,r>ely h s _m p felt t _! dep5d5ce mu/ be ^u ! m]cy ( ,god2 & r>ely1 if ev]1 h s _m1 ) su* e>ne/ness1 appeal$ to ! ,fa!r ( all on ! occasion ( a widespread calamity4 ,?is mu/ result 9 a clos] union ) ! ,inf9ite ,giv]1 & ?us 9 a great increase ( true ri*es4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,press4 ,v4 ,h[ _h ,! ,times be5 gett+ on all ^! ye>s8 ,sl[ly b surely4 ,at fir/1 z has be5 already /at$1 feel+ its way ) difficulty amid a ho/ ( ob/acles1 long-e/abli%$ & successful rivals1 ,gov]nm5t prosecutions abroad1 & p]sonal crot*ets & peculi>ities at home4 ,john ,walt]1 its f\nd]1 retir$ f ! managem5t ( ! pap] 9 #ahjc1 & di$ 9 #ahab1 hav+ liv$ to see 8 lit]>y (fspr+ gr[ up into a /rong "y giant1 ) !ws & s9ews gr[+ full] & firm] e day1 toss+ 8 weighty arms 9 e direction1 b nev] aimlessly2 & ) 8 vigor\s feet firmly plant$1 exp&$ *e/1 & head boldly erect1 fe>lessly /&+ =w>d 9 ! v fir/ rank ( ! *ampions ( fre$om4 ,mr4 ,walt]'s son ,john succe$$ him 9 ! managem5t 9 #ahjc2 &1 "u 8 abl] & m enlight5$ adm9i/ration1 ! pap] rapidly increas$ 9 importance4 ,he op5$ 8 columns to all com]s1 & :5ev] any communication appe>$ to possess m ?an av]age ability he endeavor$ to engage ! writ] ( x z a regul> contributor4 ,he p]fect$ ! sy/em ( report+1 & ! reports 9 ,! ,times soon began to be full] & m exact p]haps ev5 ?an ,p]ry's 9 ,! ,*ronicle4 ,he especially turn$ 8 att5tion to ! =eign dep>tm5t ( 8 j\rnal1 & no tr\ble or exp5se 0 sp>$ 9 obta9+ intellig5ce f abroad4 ,?is _h be5 "o ( ! /rong po9ts ) ! eld] ,walt]1 & he _h always /riv5 to be ! fir/ to communicate important =eign news to ! _w--?us1 = in/ance1 ,! ,times 0 ! fir/ newspap] :i* ann\nc$ ! execution ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 ,?is elem5t 0 n[ greatly /r5g!n$ & develop$1 correspond5ts 7 engag$ 9 all ! *ief cities ( ,europe1 &1 z "t progress$1 9 o!r qu>t]s ( ! _w z well1 lett]s f :om appe>$ z regul>ly & z e>ly z ! po/-(fice au?orities w\ld all[2 & a regul> sy/em ( expresses f ! ,cont95t 0 organiz$4 ,b ! ,gov]nm5t1 :o saw & felt ! gr[+ greatness ( ,! ,times1 plac$ e possible h9d]ance 9 ! way--x 0 n !n ! cu/om = ! ,premi] to invite ! editor to d9n]--& ! lett]s & =eign packages 7 delay$ 9 e possible mann]--! ma*9]y ( ! cu/om h\se be+ ev5 employ$ = t purpose--9 ord] t ! ,gov]nm5t organs might at lea/ get ! />t4 ,b fair means & f\l alike fail$ to w9 ov] ! "y j\rnali/ic a?lete to ! m9i/]ial side1 & ?is illib]al & selfi% policy 0 at l5g? compell$ to give 91 beat5 at all po9ts4 ,b !re 0 "o ?+ :i* 0 de/9$ to give ,! ,times supremacy1 at :i* ! y\ng] ,walt] began to "w soon aft] ! re9s ( p[] fell into 8 h&s--& t 0 /eam4 ,great /rides _h be5 made 9 ! art ( pr9t+4 ,! fir/ metal types ev] ca/ 9 ,engl& 7 ^? ( ,caxton1 9 #agbj4 ,/]eotype pr9t+ _h be5 fir/ sugge/$ by ,william ,g$1 ( ,ed9burgh1 9 #agce1 & 0 p]fect$ & br\ght into g5]al use by ,tillock1 9 #aggi4 ,! pr9t+ ma*9e _h be5 orig9at$ by ,ni*olson1 9 #agij1 & an improv$ =m ( x1 made ( iron1 ! inv5tion ( ,e>l ,/anhope1 0 9 g5]al use 9 #ahjf4 ,?omas ,m>tyn1 a compositor ( ,! ,times1 inv5t$ "s fur!r modifications1 & 0 aid$ by ! y\ng] ,walt]4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! viol5t opposition ( 8 fell[ workm51 ! exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ on "u ! greate/ secrecy2 b ! eld] ,walt] c\ld n be induc$ to c\nt5ance !m1 & consequ5tly no?+ came ( !m4 ,9 #ahad1 ,ko5ig & ,bau]1 two ,g]man pr9t]s1 conceiv$ ! idea ( pr9t+ by /eam1 & ! y\ng] ,walt]1 n[ by 8 fa!r's dea? p]mitt$ to d z he lik$1 ent]$ w>mly into _! project4 ,! greate/ sil5ce & my/]y 0 obs]v$1 b ! employs ( ,! ,times someh[ or o!r obta9$ an inkl+ ( :at 0 go+ on1 &1 =esee+ a r$uction 9 _! numb]s1 v[$ ! mo/ t]rible v5geance ^u ev]ybody connect$ ) ! newfangl$ inv5tion4 ,spite ( _! ?reats1 h[ev]1 ! necess>y ma*9]y 0 quietly prep>$ & erect$1 & "o morn+1 be=e day _h brok51 ,mr4 ,walt] call$ 8 pr9t]s toge!r1 & in=m$ !m t t day's issue 0 /ruck (f by /eam4 ,?is ev]-memorable day 9 ! hi/ory ( j\rnalism 0 ,monday1 ! #bh? ( ,novemb]1 #ahad4 ,l\d murmurs & ?reats 7 he>d among ! workm51 & burn+ d[n ! :ole affair 0 ! lea/ ?+ sugge/$2 b ,mr4 ,walt] _h tak5 precautions1 &1 %[+ 8 "w p t he 0 prep>$ to meet any outbreak on _! "p1 no viol5ce 0 attempt$4 ,s9ce !n ,! ,times has be5 regul>ly pr9t$ by /eam4 ,v>i\s improvem5ts 9 /eam ma*9]y h f "t to "t be5 pat5t$1 & ,hoe's gigantic ma*9es--! production ( t c\ntry ! mo/ prolific ( all ! _w 9 useful inv5tions1 ,am]ica--seem$ to %[ t ! limit ( ! application ( /eam to pr9t+ _h be5 rea*$4 ,b a ma*9e /ill m wond]ful--a ma*9e t possess$ all ! skill ( human intellig5ce & t5 times ! quickness ( human f+]s--a ma*9e = compos+ by /eam1 0 %[n at ! ,int]national ,exhibition 9 ,london1 9 #ahfb4 ,pr9t+ by /eam at once rais$ ! circulation ( ,! ,times enorm\sly1 z 0 b natural1 f ! facilities :i* x af=d$ ( a rapid multiplication ( copies2 & "u ! editor%ip ( ,?omas ,b>nes x soon rea*$ ! fir/ place 9 j\rnalism4 ,b ,walt] himself 0 n idle1 & 0 always on ! look\t = fre% & ris+ tal5t4 ,on "o occasion1 be+ at a *ur* 9 ! neighborhood ( 8 c\ntry seat 9 ,b]k%ire1 he 0 v mu* /ruck by ! s]mon :i* 0 prea*$ by a new curate4 ,aft] ! s]vice he w5t into ! ve/ry1 & _h a long conv]sation ) ! prea*]1 ! result ( :i* 0 t he told him t a curacy 0 n a v enviable position1 & t he w\ld d mu* bett] to g to ,london1 & write = ,! ,times at a sal>y ( #a1jjj a ye>4 ,x is ne$less to add t ! (f] 0 n decl9$4 ,9 #ahag1 ,! ,lit]>y ,gazette 0 br\ght out by ,william ,jordan1 z an organ ( lit]ature & ! f9e arts1 &1 until ,! ,a!num 0 e/abli%$1 x 0 )\t a rival ( any consequ5ce4 ,b its circulation decl9$1 &1 aft] ,jordan's dea?1 dw9dl$ d[n to a v small numb]4 ,9 #ahfb its "n 0 *ang$ to ,! ,p>!non1 or r1 to speak m correctly1 ,! ,p>!non arose z a new publication f ! a%es ( ,! ,lit]>y ,gazette4 ,b *ange ( "n did n produce *ange ( circum/ances1 &1 be=e _m numb]s _h appe>$1 ,! ,p>!non 0 privately (f]$ = sale at ! l[ sum ( #ajj1 b1 fail+ to meet ) a pur*as]1 x gave up ! gho/ e>ly 9 #ahfc4 ,9 #ahag1 ,"l ,sidm\? made a t]rific onslaught ^u ! press4 ,he issu$ a circul> to ! diff]5t "l lieut5ants ( ! c\nties1 to ! effect t any ju/ice ( ! peace might issue a w>rant = ! appreh5sion ( any p]son *>g$ ) pr9t+ a libel4 ,"o result ( ?is circul> & ! vigor\s prosecutions :i* ensu$ 0 t ,william ,cobbett = a :ile gave up pr9t+ 8 ,political ,regi/]1 & w5t away to ,am]ica1 f :5ce he did n return = two ye>s4 ,he /at$ 8 reasons = adopt+ ?is c\rse 9 8 pap]1 z foll[s3 ',i d n retire f a combat ) ! attorney-g5]al1 b f a combat ) a dungeon1 depriv$ ( p51 ink1 & pap]4 ,a combat ) ! attorney-g5]al is q unequal en\gh2 t1 h[ev]1 ,i w\ld h enc\nt]$4 ,i "k too well :at a trial by special jury is2 yet t or any sort ( trial ,i w\ld h /ay$ to face4 ,b aga9/ ! absolute p[] ( imprisonm5t1 )\t ev5 a he>+1 = "t unlimit$'--an act _h be5 pass$ :i* gave ! secret>y ( /ate p[] to susp5d ! habeas corpus act--'9 any jail 9 ! k+dom1 )\t ! use ( p51 ink1 & pap]1 & )\t communication ) any s\l b ! keep]s--aga9/ su* a p[] x w\ld h be5 worse ?an madness to attempt to /rive4' ,b ! ,gov]nm5t met ) a notable *eck 9 ! case ( ,william ,h[e1 ! booksell]4 ,h[e 0 ?rice tri$ = libel1 &1 despite ! ex]tions ( ,"l ,ell5bor\gh1 :o desc5d$ f ! judicial b5* to ! b>ri/]'s table1 0 ?rice acquitt$4 ,p]secution aft] ?is langui%$ = a :ile1 b 9 #ahai 7 pass$ ^? /r+5t measures :i* are kn[n z ! ,six ,acts4 ,"o ( ^! gave ! judges ! p[]1 ^u ! conviction ( any p]son a second "t ( ! publication ( a s$iti\s libel1 to puni% him ) f9e1 imprisonm5t1 bani%m5t1 or transportation4 ,b su* mon/r\s enactm5ts 7 n suff]$ to pass un*all5g$1 & ! result ( sev]al animat$ debates 0 t ! obnoxi\s words bani%m5t--a novelty 9 ,engli% jurisprud5ce--& transportation 7 )drawn1 b ! rema9+ provisions ( ! ,six ,acts 7 c>ri$ 9 all _! rigor4 ,b amid mu* h>m1 "s good 0 d\btless effect$1 = c]ta9 provisions 7 introduc$ into ! act :i* decl>$ c]ta9 inf]ior newspap]s1 :i* _h hi!rto evad$ ! /amp act1 by call+ !mselves pamphlets & n newspap]s1 because !y only comm5t$ ^u ! news ( ! day1 to be h5ce=? liable to ! /amp duties4 ,?is really did good s]vice to ! bett] class ( j\rnals1 by sweep+ away a sw>m ( newspap]s :i*1 by ! quibble above m5tion$1 7 enabl$ to und]sell !m4 ,john ,bull 0 />t$ 9 #ahbj1 ) ! av[$ object ( esp\s+ ! ,k+'s side1 & cov]+ ! ,que5 & h] fri5ds ) obloquy4 ,!odore ,hook 0 ! editor1 b v few p]sons 7 9 ! secret4 ,e man or woman :o 0 conspicu\s z a fri5d ( ! ,que5 0 duly gibbet$1 & any tittle-tattle gossip or sc&al t c\ld be f]ret$ out aga9/ !m 0 boldly pr9t$ 9 ! mo/ unmi/akable t]ms4 ,trial = libel fail$ to discov] ! real proprietors1 editor1 & writ]s1 & ! m5 :o /ood _! trial z pr9t]1 publi%]1 proprietor1 etc41 7 manife/ly m]e %ams1 m5 :o w\ld swe> to any?+ & und]go any am\nt ( imprisonm5t = ! consid]ation ( ! smalle/ co9 ( ! realm4 ,! sc&al\s details 9 ,john ,bull attract$ ! public at once1 & by ! "t x rea*$ its six? numb]1 ! circulation _h ris5 to t5 ?\s&1 :ile ! fir/ five numb]s 7 repr9t$ ov] & ov] aga91 & ! fir/ & second 7 actually /]eotyp$4 ,b x began to be :isp]$ ab\t t ,hook 0 ! editor1 :]eupon he pr9t$ & sign$ a lett] d5y+ ! rumor 9 ! mo/ indignant t]ms4 ,?is lett] 0 supplem5t$ by an editorial1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ',! conceit ( "s p is amus+1 & x has n unfrequ5tly be5 rem>k$ t conceit is 9 abundance :]e tal5t is mo/ sc>ce4 ,our read]s w see t we h receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,hook1 dis[n+ & disav[+ all connection ) ?is pap]4444 ,we are free to confess t two ?+s surprise u 9 ?is bus9ess4 ,! fir/1 t any?+ :i* we h ?\ght wor?y ( giv+ to ! public %\ld h be5 mi/ak5 = ,mr4 ,hook's2 & secondly1 t su* a p]son z ,mr4 ,hook %\ld ?9k himself disgrac$ by a connection ) ,john ,bull4' ,aft] ! dea? ( ! ,que51 ,hook devot$ himself to ! demolition ( ! ,:igs & ,radicals4 ,joseph ,hume 0 8 especial t>get1 & 0 di%$ up week aft] week ) a decid$ly orig9al ,lat9 g>ni%3 ',ex humili pot5s--,f a surgeon to a memb] ( ,p>liam5t2' ',humili modi loqui--,to talk ,scot* l ,hume2' ',nequis humasse velit--,let no "o call ,hume an ass1' etc41 etc4 ,john ,bull su/a9$ a great _m convictions = libel1 & its dummies 7 frequ5tly imprison$1 b !y nev] betray$ ,hook1 :o reta9$ ! editor%ip until 8 dea? 9 #ahda4 ,some:]e ab\t ?is "t ,! ,britannia1 a ,cons]vative j\rnal1 ( a few ye>s' /&+1 0 incorporat$ ) x4 ,x _h mean:ile consid]ably mod]at$ its tone1 & at ! pres5t day enjoys a fair circulation among /eady-go+ p--*iefly c\ntry g5tlem51 old ladies1 & p>sons--:o ob/9ately cl+ to ,tory pr9ciples4 ,john ,bull 0 n ! only newspap] :i* 0 prolific 9 libels1 & p]haps at no "t 7 sc&al\s attacks ^u public & private p]sons m common4 ,mr4 ,freemantle1 writ+ to ! ,m>quis ( ,buck+ham1 9 #ahbj1 says3 ',! press is completely op5 to treason1 s$ition1 blasphemy1 & falsehood1 ) impunity4444 ,i d n "k :e!r y see ,cobbett's ,indep5d5t ,:ig1 & _m o!r pap]s n[ circulat+ mo/ ext5sively1 & :i* are dang]\s mu* beyond any?+ ,i c describe4' ,?is is a sweep+ c5sure1 b1 all[+ = a little p]sonal irritation1 natural en\gh "u ! circum/ances--he _h be5 lampoon$ himself--is true ( a great portion ( ! press4 ,! supply 0 regulat$ by ! dem&1 & ! "* ( ! w>es purvey$ dep5d$ ^u ! wants ( ! m>ket4 ,editors f\nd t sc&al 0 eag]ly dev\r$ by _! subscrib]s1 & !y did n !re=e hesitate or scruple to gratify ! prevail+ ta/es ( ! day4 ,b ! bett] class ( pap]s 7 n able to keep cle> ( ! law ( libel1 ev5 ?\gh !y did n condesc5d to p&] to ! vitiat$ ta/es ( ! multitude4 ,_m ( !m _h to su/a9 actions = m]ely report+ proce$+s be=e ! police magi/rates & 9 ! law c\rts1 & _m a rascal solac$ himself = ! disagreeables att5d+ a prelim9>y exam9ation at ! police c\rt = a crim9al (f5ce1 by a v]dict 9 8 behalf 9 a civil action aga9/ any newspap] t _h be5 bold en\gh to pr9t a report ( ! proce$+s4 ,?is k9d ( action orig9at$ f a rul+ ( ,"l ,ell5bor\gh1 t x 0 'libell\s to publi% ! prelim9>y exam9ation be=e a magi/rate previ\sly to committ+ a man = trial or hold+ him to bail = any (f5ce ) :i* he is *>g$1 ! t5d5cy ( su* a publication be+ to prejudice ! m9ds ( ! jurym5 aga9/ ! accus$1 & to deprive him ( a fair trial4' ,?is mon/r\s & at ! same "t absurd doctr9e rema9$ 9 =ce = _m ye>s1 b is n[ happily no long] ! law ( ! l&4 ,! ,times _h n[ rea*$ ! p9nacle ( prosp]ity1 & its claims to be consid]$ ! =emo/ ( j\rnals 7 no long] disput$4 ,! circulation ( ,! ,morn+ ,*ronicle _h dw9dl$ dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ,p]ry's life1 & aft] 8 dea? did n revive v mu* "u ,black1 8 successor4 ,br\gham1 ,talf\rd1 & ,ald]son 7 among ! writ]s 9 ,! ,times1 & ,capta9 ,/]l+1 ^: vigor\s1 sla%+ articles fir/ ga9$ = ,! ,times ! title ( ! ',?und]]1' 0 regul>ly engag$ ^u ! /aff at a sal>y ( #b1jjj a ye> & a small %>e 9 ! pr(its4 ,b ! ,gov]nm5t /ill /eadily set its face aga9/ x1 & 9 #ahba ,mr4 ,hume l\dly inveigh$ aga9/ ! m9i/ry 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons = n s5d+ ,gov]nm5t adv]tisem5ts to ,! ,times1 in/ead ( to o!r j\rnals1 :i* did n enjoy a ti! ( its circulation4 ,! arrangem5ts ( ! po/ (fice 7 a great h9d]ance to ! diffusion ( newspap]s1 s9ce ! *>ge = ! c>riage ( a daily j\rnal 0 #ab #ads41 & = a weekly #b #ds4 a ye>4 ,! numb]1 !re=e1 t 0 s5t abroad by ?is *annel1 ei!r to ! ,cont95t or our own colonies1 0 v small4 ,9 #ahaj ! :ole numb] ?us despat*$ 0 b ?ree hundr$ & eighty-?ree1 & 9 #ahag x _h fall5 to two hundr$ & sev5ty-"o1 ow+ to ! increase 9 ! *>ges dem&$ by ! po/-(fice au?orities1 :o 7 actually all[$ to put ! money 9 _! own pockets2 & 9 #ahba x 0 only two hundr$ & six4 ,! circulation ?r\gh ! k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 itself 0 n entirely free1 inasmu* z e newspap] s5t ?r\gh ! po/ (fice 0 *>g$ = by weight1 at an exorbitant rate1 unless x 0 frank$ by a memb] ( ,p>liam5t4 ,?is regulation cont9u$ 9 =ce until #ahbe1 :5 an act 0 pass$ :i* provid$ t newspap]s %\ld be s5t ?r\gh ! po/ free1 on condition t !y 7 op5 at bo? ends1 & _h no o!r writ+ ^u ! cov] ?an ! necess>y address4 ,at ! same "t ! ridicul\s acts :i* limit$ ! size ( newspap]s 7 done away )1 & e pr9t] 0 h5ce=? p]mitt$ to pr9t 8 j\rnal ^u any siz$ %eet he pleas$4 ,two important concessions 7 also made to ! press at ?is date1 "o 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & ! o!r 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords4 ,9 ! =m]1 a portion ( ! /rang]s' gall]y 0 set ap>t = ! exclusive use ( ! report]s2 & 9 ! latt]1 report]s 7 p]mitt$ to be pres5t = ! fir/ "t4 ,previ\sly to ?is1 if any "o _h be5 ra% en\gh to attempt to take any notes1 an (ficial w\ld p\nce ^u him1 &1 ) an air ( (f5d$ dignity well befitt+ t augu/ assembly1 /rike ! (f5d+ p5cil f 8 grasp6 ,9 #ahbe1 ,joseph ,hume attempt$ to get ! /amp duty r$uc$ on newspap]s to twop5ce1 & ! adv]tisem5t duty to "o %ill+2 & 9 #ahbg he tri$ to ga9 an exemption f ! /amp act = political pamphlets2 b he 0 defeat$ on ea* occasion4 ,9 #ahbg1 ,! ,/&>d 0 />t$ z a ,tory organ1 "u ! auspices ( a knot ( able writ]s1 ! *ief ( :om 7 ,dr4 ,giff>d1 ! editor1 ,al>ic ,attila ,watts1 & ,dr4 ,mag9n4 ,x has always possess$ a good connection among ! ,cons]vative p>ty1 b has nev] be5 a v pr(itable conc]n4 ,aft] ! abolition ( ! /amp duty its price 0 r$uc$ to twop5ce1 & 9 #aheh to "o p5ny1 & x 0 ! fir/ ( ! daily j\rnals to (f] a d\ble %eet at t price4 ,9 rec5t times ! ,lett]s ( ',manhattan' h giv5 an impulse to its circulation1 f _! novelty ( /yle--an impulse :i* 0 probably fur!r aid$ by ! ridicul\s b widely believ$ ass]tion t ^? lett]s _h nev] cross$ ! ,atlantic1 b 7 p5n$ b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,! foll[+ /ati/ics ( newspap]s 9 ! *ief c\ntries ( ,europe 9 #ahbg1 w probably prove int]e/+3 ,france1 ) a population (--9 r\nd numb]s--?irty-two millions1 possess$ #dij j\rnals2 ! ,g]manic ,conf$]ation1 ) a population ( ?irte5 millions1 #cje2 ,prussia1 ) a population ( twelve millions1 #bhh2 ,bav>ia1 ) a population ( f\r millions1 #dh2 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ) a population ( six millions1 #aej2 ,sw$5 & ,norway1 ) a population ( f\r millions1 #hb2 & ,d5m>k1 ) a population ( two millions1 #hj4 ,great ,brita91 ) a population ( tw5ty-?ree millions1 f> out/ripp$ !m all1 = %e boa/$ #dhc newspap]s2 b 0 yet compell$ to yield ! palm to h] ,transatlantic k9sm51 = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 at ! same date1 ) a population ( twelve millions1 circulat$ ! unequall$ numb] ( #hjj4 ,9 look+ at ^! figures1 "o _c help be+ /ruck ) ! enorm\s disproportion betwe5 ! j\rnals ( ,roman ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant c\ntries--a disproportion :i* is s significant t comm5t ^u x is unnecess>y4 ,b ! diff]5ce is /ill m pla9ly %[n if we take two capitals4 ,rome1 ) a population ( "o hundr$ & fifty-f\r ?\s&1 possess$ only #c newspap]s1 :ile ,cop5hag51 ) a population ( "o hundr$ & n9e ?\s&1 enjoy$ ! advantage ( hav+ #ec4 ,! ,london pap]s 7 #ajj1 ! ,engli% prov9cial pap]s #bbe1 ! ,iri% pap]s #he1 ! ,scot* #fc1 & ! ,wel% #aj4 ,! numb] ( /amps issu$ 0 m ?an tw5ty-sev5 millions1 ( :i* ,london alone consum$ m ?an fifte5 millions2 ! numb] ( adv]tisem5ts 0 sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty ?\s&1 ( :i* ,london suppli$ ne>ly a half2 & ! am\nt ( adv]tisem5t duty 0 #ef1jjj1 ( :i* ,london contribut$ #bb1jjj4 ,! ye> #ahbi is rem>kable = ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,! ,times ) a d\ble %eet1 consi/+ ( eight pages1 or =ty-eight columns4 ,?is great /ep 9 advance mu/ h q answ]$ ! expectations ( its spirit$ proprietor1 = 9 #ahcj ,! ,times paid to ,gov]nm5t = /amps & adv]tisem5t duty no less ?an #gj1jjj4 ,! day ( p]fect fre$om 0 beg9n+ to dawn ^u ! press1 al?\gh x took a qu>t] ( a c5tury to remove ! la/ fett]1 ! /amp1 & /ill long]1 if we take into consid]ation ! pap] duty1 :i* 0 remov$ 9 #ahfb4 ,fir/ came ! abolition ( ! mo/ oppressive portion ( ,"l ,ca/l]eagh's ,six ,acts1 next ! adv]tisem5t duties1 & f9ally ! /amp4 ,! high price ( ! /amp1 f\rp5ce1 kept ! bett] j\rnals at sev5p5ce1 b a num]\s class ( un/amp$ j\rnals at twop5ce sprang up 9 defiance ( ! law1 & 7 all[$ = a "t to g on un*eck$4 ,!y _h a l>ge circulation1 "o ( !m1 ,! ,london ,dispat*1 atta9+ to tw5ty-five ?\s& a week4 ,gr[+ bold] ) _! impunity1 !y indulg$ 9 ! mo/ abom9able tra% & ! mo/ frantic s$ition & treason4 ,!y 7 ( c\rse prosecut$ & puni%$1 b !y 7 nev] f9ally de/roy$ until ! r$uction ( ! /amp duty4 ,!y did good indirectly1 = !y =m$ "o ( ! /ronge/ argum5ts 9 favor ( ! abolition ( t obnoxi\s impo/4 ,9 #ahcc a battle royal rag$ betwe5 ,daniel ,o',connell & ! press2 b1 z might h be5 expect$1 ,dan 0 no mat* = ! hydra-head$ antagoni/ he _h be5 ra% en\gh to provoke4 ,! qu>rel orig9at$ 9 a compla9t made by ! ,lib]ator ( a misrepres5tation ( a spee* ( 81 & he did ?is 9 s intemp]ate a mann] t ! report]s publi%$ a lett] 9 ,! ,times1 9 :i* !y express$ _! det]m9ation nev] aga9 to report a spee* ( ,o',connell's until he _h apologiz$ = ! insults he _h levell$ at !m4 ,o',connell va9ly attempt$ to put ! ma*9]y ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 motion aga9/ !m1 b1 aft] repeat$ ef=ts1 0 oblig$ to give 94 ,8 attacks 7 pr9cipally levell$ at ,! ,times--:i* !n c\nt$ among its contributors ! brilliant names ( ,macaulay1 ,?ack]ay1 & ,disraeli--= he & ,john ,walt] 7 bitt] foes4 ,b he evok$ sev]al p[]ful def5d]s ( ! press1 fir/ & =emo/ among :om 0 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel4 ,9 #ahcd ! sy/em ( cond5s+ ! spee*es 9 ,p>liam5t1 & plac+ ! summ>y be=e ! lead+ articles1 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,! ,times by ,horace ,twiss4 ,at ?is date !re occurr$ a great s*ism betwe5 ! proprietors & writ]s ( ,! ,sun1 "s ( :om sec$$1 & br\ght out ,! ,true ,sun1 9 opposition to t ecc5tric planet :i* always rises 9 ! ev5+ despite ! g5]al conviction ( mank9d t ! sun is ! lum9>y ( ! day4 ,d\glas ,j]rold1 ,laman ,blan*>d1 &1 greate/ ( all1 ,*>les ,dick5s1 comm5c$ _! appr5tice%ip to lit]ature 9 ?is j\rnal1 :i* enjoy$1 h[ev]1 b a fleet+ exi/5ce4 ,j]rold aft]w>d />t$ a pap] ( 8 own1 :i* fail$1 & !n became editor ( ,lloyd's ,weekly ,london ,newspap]1 a po/ :i* he reta9$ until 8 dea?1 & :i* has s9ce be5 ably fill$ by 8 son ,blan*>d ,j]rold4 ,laman ,blan*>d became ! editor ( ,! ,c\ri]1 b resign$ x :5 x became a ,tory organ1 & 0 "o ( ! orig9al writ]s 9 & proprietors ( ,pun*4 ,dick5s transf]r$ 8 s]vices to ,! ,morn+ ,*ronicle1 9 ! columns ( :i* ! ,sket*es by ,boz fir/ appe>$4 ,sev]al acts ( ,p>liam5t relat+ to newspap]s 7 pass$ at ?is p]iod4 ,9 #ahcc ! adv]tisem5t duty 0 r$uc$ f ?ree %ill+s & sixp5ce to "o %ill+ & sixp5ce 9 ,engl&1 & "o %ill+ 9 ,irel&4 ,9 #ahcd an act 0 pass$ by :i* ! newspap]s ( ^? =eign c\ntries 9 :i* ,engli% j\rnals 7 admitt$ free ( po/age1 7 all[$ to ent] ,great ,brita9 on ! same t]ms4 ,9 #ahce a bill 0 pass$ to relieve ! press f ! action ( common in=m]s1 & plac$ !m "u ! jurisdiction ( ! attorney-g5]al alone2 & ano!r1 :i* =bade newspap]s to publi% lectures deliv]$ at lit]>y & sci5tific in/itutions1 )\t ! p]mission ( ! lectur]4 ,! "t 0 n[ fa/ approa*+ = ! r$uction ( ! /amp duty4 ,gov]nm5t 0 gett+ we>i$ ( ! w> ) ! hydra-head$ un/amp$ mon/]1 & at la/ adopt$ ! only exp$i5t likely to be successful 9 putt+ x d[n1 :i* 0 to place ! high]-class j\rnals 9 a position to rival !m4 ,f #ahca to #ahce !re _h be5 no less ?an sev5 hundr$ & tw5ty-eight prosecutions1 ( :i* ! ye> #ahce alone _h produc$ two hundr$ & n9ete54 ,?is fact1 jo9$ to ! influ5tial agitation :i* 0 n[ be+ made = ! repeal1 caus$ ! ,gov]nm5t to decide ^u br++ 9 a measure ( relief4 ,x took six mon?s & an imm5se deal ( spee*ify+ to br+ ?is measure to maturity2 b at la/1 9 #ahcf1 ! /amp duty 0 r$uc$ f f\rp5ce to "o p5ny1 be+ "o halfp5ny less ?an x _h be5 orig9ally fix$ at 9 #agfj4 ,! ,tories 7 ! great fri5ds ( ?is r$uction1 & ,"l ,lyndhur/1 :o _h be5 in/rum5tal 9 aboli%+ _m ( ! mo/ oppressive enactm5ts ) :i* ! measure _h be5 clogg$1 wi%$ to d away ) ! duty altoge!r4 ,!re 0 ( c\rse a loss to ! rev5ue at fir/4 ,9 ! fir/ half ye> ( ! new duty1 ! numb] ( /amps issu$ 0 #ba1cfb1adh1 realiz+ #hh1ejb4 ,9 ! correspond+ previ\s half ye>1 "u ! old scale1 ! numb] ( /amps _h be5 #ad1hgd1feb1 & ! am\nt paid1 #aif1iji1 s t 9 six mon?s ! numb] ( /amp$ newspap]s _h increas$ by ab\t "o half4 ,9 #ahcg1 ,! ,economi/ 0 />t$ by ,john ,wilson1 & attract$ great att5tion by its /ati/ical & politico-economical articles1 ,wilson aft]w>d became secret>y ( ! treasury1 &1 hav+ be5 s5t to ,india1 di$ !re1 to add "o m to ! _m illu/ri\s victims t our ,indian empire has exact$4 ,9 #ahch a mo/ amus+ hoax 0 p]petrat$ ^u ,! ,morn+ ,po/ & ,morn+ ,*ronicle1 :i* ann\nc$ ! dea? ( ,"l ,br\gham1 & publi%$ a mo/ elaborate biography ( him4 ,b ! next day !re came a lett] f ,"l ,br\gham1 decl>+ t he 0 /ill alive & he>ty4 ,! joke1 h[ev]1 did n end "h--= p 7 ill natur$ en\gh to ass]t t he _h be5 ! au?or ( ! rumor himself1 9 ord] to le>n :at ! _w w\ld say ab\t him2 & s widespread _h ?is second rumor become1 t ,"l ,br\gham 0 compell$ to write ano!r lett] contradict+ x4 ,! next great ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( j\rnalism is ! comm]cial libel case1 ,boyle v]sus ,lawson1 ! pr9t] ( ,! ,times4 ,b>nes _h di$1 & _h be5 succe$$ by ,john ,t4 ,delane1 a nephew ( ,mr4 ,walt]1 z editor1 :o /ill cont9ues to occupy t responsible po/4 ,! matt] orig9at$ ?us3 ,9 ,may1 #ahda1 ,! ,times publi%$ a lett] f ! ,p>is correspond5t1 conta9+ ! p>ticul>s ( an organiz$ sy/em ( =g]y on a gigantic scale1 :i* _h be5 agre$ on by c]ta9 p]sons1 ^: names 7 publi%$ 9 full4 ,! plan 0 to pres5t simultane\sly at ! *ief ,cont95tal cities lett]s ( cr$it purport+ to emanate f ,glynn ,co41 ! ,london bank]s4 ,! conf$]ates _h fix$ ! sum !y meant to realize at "o million1 & _h actually secur$ m ?an #aj1jjj be=e ! plot 0 discov]$4 ,"o ( !m 0 ,boyle1 a bank]1 ( good position1 at ,flor5ce1 & he br\ght an action = libel & defamation4 ,he press$ on ! trial1 b ,! ,times ma9ta9$ its gr\nd1 & at an enorm\s exp5se despat*$ ag5ts all ov] ! ,cont95t to collect evid5ce4 ,! ,times triumphantly succe$$ 9 prov+ ! tru? ( :at x--,! ,times is always spok5 & writt5 ( z an individual--_h pr9t$2 b z ! old law--! great] ! tru? ! great] ! libel--/ill exi/$1 ! jury 7 compell$ to f9d a v]dict = ! pla9tiff1 :i* !y did1 ) "o f>?+ damages1 & ! judge cl9*$ ! matt] by refus+ ! pla9tiff 8 co/s4 ,univ]sal joy 0 express$ at ! result ( ! trial1 & public meet+s 7 call$ toge!r 9 ,london & ! *ief ,cont95tal cities = ! purpose ( mak+ a subscription to defray ! exp5ses ( ,! ,times 9 def5d+ ! action4 ,! proprietors1 h[ev]1 decl9$ ?is1 b said t1 at ! same "t1 !y %\ld feel mu* gratifi$ if a sum ( money 7 rais$ = "s public object 9 commemoration ( ! ev5t4 ,accord+ly x 0 decid$ to f\nd two s*ol>%ips 9 p]petuity = ,*ri/'s ,hospital & ! ,city ( ,london ,s*ool at ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 to be call$ ! ,times' ,s*ol>%ips1 & ! nom9ation to !m to be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! proprietors ( ,! ,times 9 p]petuity4 ,two m>ble tablets 7 also vot$1 at ! co/ ( a hundr$ & fifty gu9eas ea*1 ) commemorative inscriptions1 "o to be plac$ 9 ,! ,times (fice & ! o!r 9 ! ,royal ,ex*ange4 ,two some:at simil> tablets 7 also plac$ 9 ,*ri/'s ,hospital & ! ,city ( ,london ,s*ool4 ,= ^! purposes ! sum ( #b1gjj 0 v quickly subscrib$1 ! "l mayor lead+ (f ) t5 gu9eas4 ,if any?+ _h be5 want+ to place ,! ,times ^u ! p9nacle ( prem95ce among j\rnals1 ?is fam\s trial firmly e/abli%$ x !re1 & ev] s9ce x has be5 look$ up to z an oracle ( ! comm]cial _w4 ,b ,! ,times 0 n cont5t$ to re/ quietly on its o>s4 ,x 0 ambiti\s1 & look$ f>!r afield4 ,9 #ahde1 its vigor1 ent]prise1 & disreg>d ( exp5se 7 exemplifi$ 9 a rem>kable mann]4 ,! ,times _h be5 9 ! habit ( s5d+ a special c\ri] to ,m>seilles1 to br+ its ,indian despat*es1 & ?us anticipate ! regul> c\rse ( ! mail4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t ?rew e possible ob/acle 9 ! c\ri]'s way1 & ,! ,times took ,lieut5ant ,waghorn1 ! orig9ator ( ! ,ov]l& ,r\te1 into its pay4 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahde1 a special mess5g] met ! mail on its arrival at ,suez on ! #ai?4 ,m\nt$ on a drom$>y1 he made 8 way1 )\t /opp+1 to ,alex&ria1 :]e ,waghorn await$ him ) a /eam]4 ,waghorn came vi ,trie/e--special po/ horses & /eam]s & tra9s be+ ready = him at ! v>i\s po9ts ( ! r\te--& he rea*$ ,london on ! morn+ ( ! #ca/1 9 "t = 8 despat*es to appe> 9 ! morn+'s issue ( ! pap]4 ,! result ( ?is 0 t ,! ,times rea*$ ,p>is ) ! ,indian news f ,london be=e ! regul> mail _h rea*$ t city f ,m>seilles4 ,! next noticeable ent]prise ( ,! ,times 0 ! s5d+ out commission]s to inve/igate ! condition ( ! poor & labor+ population ( ,london 9 #ahdg1 an ent]prise :i* 0 cr[n$ ) ! moat satisfactory results4 ,! ,times has always be5 ! firm fri5d ( ! poor1 & its columns are always op5 to ! tale ( di/ress4 ,no case is advocat$ until x has be5 ?or\ghly inve/igat$2 b :5 once x has be5 m5tion$ 9 ,! ,times1 subscriptions p\r 9 on all sides4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ea* ye> especially1 ,! ,times publi%es gratuit\sly appeals f public *>ities1 & dur+ la/ ,janu>y ! sums receiv$ ?r\gh ^? appeals rea*$ ! l>ge am\nt ( #ab1jjj4 ,! la/ great exploit ( ,! ,times 0 ! s5d+ =? a special correspond5t ) ! ,engli% army to ! ,crimea1 a prec$5t :i* x has foll[$ up s9ce 9 ,*9a1 ,india1 ,italy1 ,am]ica1 & ,s*leswig-,hol/e94 ,b ?is 0 n ! fir/ occasion t report]s _h accompani$ our armies1 = ,cann+ despat*$ report]s ) ! troops s5t to ,portugal 9 #ahbf4 ,! tactics ( ,! ,times are v g5]ally misund]/ood & misrepres5t$4 ,:atev] objections cavill]s & oppon5ts may urge1 & ) tru? too--= ! c\rse tak5 by ,! ,times is n to be prais$ on all occasions--x _c be d5i$ t ,! ,times is ! fir/ j\rnal 9 ! _w1 a position :i* x has rea*$ by its ent]prise1 vigor1 & ability4 ,x has frequ5tly prov$ its dis9t]e/$ness1 & dur+ ! great railway mania ( #ahde1 :ile x 0 receiv+ no less a sum ?an #f1jjj weekly = adv]tisem5ts1 con/antly caution$ its read]s aga9/ ! prevail+ madness1 & p]si/5tly pr$ict$ ! cra% t 0 c]ta9 to foll[4 ,! ,times1 :ile x appe>s to lead1 9 reality waits ^u public op9ion1 & h5ce ! accusations ( inconsi/5cy & t]giv]sation s freely lavi%$ ^u x4 ,! ,times is ! pr9t$ brea? ( public op9ion4 ,x ?r[s out a feel]1 p]haps1 ?\gh n q at fir/1 accompani$ by "s decid$ expression ( op9ion1 & c>efully wat*es ! effect ^u ! public m9d4 ,%\ld t effect be diff]5t to :at 0 expect$1 ,! ,times kn[s h[ to ve] r\nd ) ! popul>is aura4 ,?is is n always1 h[ev]1 done s skilfully b t ! act is app>5t4 ,x is n ! mo/ dignifi$ c\rse t a j\rnal :i* aspires to be--& :i* is--! lead+ j\rnal ( ,europe ought to pursue2 b ,! ,times kn[s human nature1 & kn[s1 too1 t 7 x to adopt any o!r c\rse1 x w\ld fall f its high e/ate1 & become a m]e p>ty organ4 ,moreov]1 ,! ,times possesses an enorm\s pre/ige--des]v$ly won1 z ?is article has endeavor$ to %[--& t1 9 a cons]vative c\ntry l ,engl&1 is consid]ably m ?an half ! battle4 ,9 #ahdb appe>$ ! fir/ pictorial newspap]1 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news4 ,x 0 />t$ by ,h]b]t ,+ram1 :o began life z a prov9cial newsboy1 & di$1 9 ! vigor ( 8 age1 memb] ( ,p>liam5t = 8 native t[n4 ,x 0 a success f ! fir/1 s great t num]\s competitors sprang up & endeavor$ to und]sell x4 ,b ^! 7 all va/ly inf]ior1 & "o by "o )]$ away1 ! mo/ p]si/5t ( !m at la/ pass+ into ! h&s ( ,! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news1 :i* n[ enjoys a l>g] circulation ?an any o!r weekly newspap]1 am\nt+ to ab\t six millions a ye>6 ,!re 0 a satirical pap] at ?is "t1 call$ ,! ,age1 :i*1 be+ ( a /rongly libell\s "*1 0 cont9ually feel+ ! weight ( ! law4 ,x did n improve 9 "* z x grew old]1 & its editor1 ,tommy ,holt1 0 prov$ ^u a trial to h receiv$ bribes to suppress a sl&] t he _h ?reat5$ %\ld appe> 9 8 pap]4 ,?is same ,tommy ,holt 0 v successful 9 inv5t+ 's5sation' head+s = 8 columns1 & by no means ei!r delicate or scrupul\s 9 s do+4 ,!re 0 ano!r rascally pap] ( ! same description1 call$ ,! ,satiri/1 :i* 0 at la/ f9ally cru%$ by ! ,duke ( ,brunswick1 ! result ( sev]al actions = libel4 ,among o!r new lit]>y oddities at ?is "t may be m5tion$ ,! ,fonetic ,nuz1 ! organ ( ^? en?usia/ic re=m]s :o 7 endeavor+ to accompli% a revolution 9 our or?ography4 ,x la/$1 h[ev]1 b a v %ort "t4 ,! ye> #ahej saw ! initiation ( ! f9al campaign direct$ aga9/ ! only rema9+ burd5s ( ! press4 ,mr4 ,ew>t & ,mr4 ,miln] ,gibson br\ght =w>d a motion = ! repeal ( ! adv]tisem5t duty1 b 7 defeat$ by two hundr$ & eight votes to ?irty-n9e4 ,b !y 7 n ca/ d[n by _! want ( success1 b manfully return$ to ! *>ge4 ,9 #ahea1 !y procur$ ! appo9tm5t ( a committee to inquire into ! "q1 & 9 #aheb1 ga!r+ /r5g?1 l ,william ( ,orange1 f ea* successive defeat1 !y br\ght =w>d a triple set ( resolutions1 "o = ! abolition ( ! adv]tisem5t duty1 ano!r levell$ at ! /amp1 & ! ?ird = ! repeal ( ! pap] duties4 ,!y c>ri$ ! fir/1 b lo/ ! o!rs4 ,9 #ahed1 ,mr4 ,gibson made a fre% motion conc]n+ ! laws affect+ ! press1 & receiv$ a promise t ! subject %\ld receive ! e>ly att5tion ( ! ,h\se2 & 9 #ahee1 ,sir ,g4,c4 ,lewis1 !n *ancellor ( ! ex*equ]1 :o _h hi!rto oppos$ ! repeal ( ! duty1 br\ght 9 a bill = its abolition4 ,aft] a /ruggle 9 bo? ,h\ses ! measure pass$1 & receiv$ ! royal ass5t on ! #ae? ( ,june4 ,9 foll[+ up ?is f9al /ruggle1 we h pass$ ov] "o important p]iod1 ! railway mania 9 #ahde1 :i* gave bir? to no less ?an tw5ty-n9e newspap]s1 entirely occupi$ ) railway intellig5ce1 9 ,london1 besides _m o!rs 9 ! prov9ces4 ,only two ( ^! h surviv$1 = ! o!r two railway newspap]s :i* /ill exi/ 7 e/abli%$ be=e t memorable madness fell ^u ! nation4 ,( ^!1 ,h]apa?'s ,j\rnal is ! olde/ & be/1 & is ! oracle ( ! ,/ock ,ex*ange on railway matt]s4 ,!re are "s slight symptoms ( ! madness return+ 9 ! pres5t ye>1 z f> at lea/ z ! metropolis is conc]n$1 & "o new railway j\rnal has j be5 />t$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,!re are _m amus+ anecdotes told ( newspap]s at ?is epo*1 ( :i* we w quote "o4 ,"o ( ^! railway organs _h publi%$ & paid =1 f "t to "t1 l5g?y & elaborate reports ( ! meet+s ( a c]ta9 company1 suppli$ by "o ( ! /aff ( report]s4 ,at l5g? ! editor told ! report] t he ?\ght x 0 high "t = ! company to give ! pap] an adv]tisem5t1 aft] all ! favorable notices t bad be5 giv5 to ! und]tak+ 9 "q4 ,! report] acquiesc$1 & promis$ to get ! ord] = an adv]tisem5t1 b putt+ x (f f "t to "t1 ! editor 0 induc$ to make inquiries = himself2 :]eupon he _h ! extreme satisfaction ( le>n+ t no su* company _h ev] exi/$1 & t ! elaborate reports ( meet+s1 spee*es1 etc41 _h be5 entirely fabricat$ by 8 +5i\s employ6 ,an endeavor 0 made la/ ye> to resuscitate "o ( ^! defunct daily j\rnals1 ,! ,iron ,times1 & ,tommy ,holt 0 ! editor4 ,x l+]$ = "s weeks1 & !n sma%$ utt]ly4 ,! editor call$ ! contributors toge!r1 & told !m t !re 0 no?+ to pay !m )--no?+ 9 fact rema9$ b ! (fice furniture4 ',take t1 my boys1' said he1 '& divide x among y4' ,?is 0 accord+ly done1 & "o man m>*$ (f ) a table1 ano!r ) a *air1 a ?ird ) a desk1 a f\r? ) an ink/&1 & s on6 ,:5 ! /amp duty 0 aboli%$ z a tax1 x rema9$ optional ) ! publi%]s to h any numb] ( _! issue /amp$ !y pleas$ = transmission ?r\gh ! poet4 ,! numb] ( /amps ?us issu$ 9 ! fir/ six mon?s aft] ! repeal 0 #ba1fdf1fhh1 :]eas ! numb] 9 ! correspond+ p]iod ( #ahed1 :5 ! tax /ill exi/$1 0 #ee1gcb1dii4 ,! numb] ( /amps issu$ 9 ! ye> #ahed to ! pr9cipal newspap]s 0 z foll[s3 ,times1 #ae1ige1gci2 ,morn+ ,adv]tis]1 #b1cib1ghj2 ,daily ,news1 #a1dhe1jii2 ,morn+ ,h]ald1 #a1aeh1jjj2 ,morn+ ,*ronicle1 #hgc1ejj2 ,! ,globe1 #hej1jjj2 & ,! ,morn+ ,po/1 #hcb1ejj4 ,( ! weeklies1 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news 0 !n ! second1 #e1fbg1hff2 ,! ,news ( ! ,_w1 a ,lib]al1 unillu/rat$ j\rnal1 />t$ 9 #ahdc1 /&+ fir/1 ) #e1fgc1ebe 7! price ( ?is pap] is n[ r$uc$ to twop5ce1 & x is an admirably conduct$ j\rnal72 ,lloyd's ,weekly ,newspap]1 #e1egb1hig2 ,! ,weekly ,times1 price "o p5ny1 #c1ijb1afi2 ,reynolds's ,weekly ,newspap]1 also a p5ny j\rnal1 :i* is be/ describ$ by ! epi!t 'rabid1' #b1dif1bef2 ,! ,weekly ,dispat*1 price fivep5ce1 an advanc$ ,lib]al j\rnal1 :i* is emphatically ! work+man's newspap]1 & orig9ally />t$ 9 #ahja1 #a1ihb1icc2 ,bell's ,life 9 ,london1 #a1afa1jjj4 ,( ! prov9cial newspap]s1 ,! ,man*e/] ,gu>dian heads ! li/ ) #a1jff1ege1 foll[$ by ,! ,liv]pool ,m]cury1 ) #iab1jjj1 & ,! ,le$s ,m]cury1 ) #gce1jjj4 ,=emo/ among ! ,scot* newspap]s /&s ,! ,nor? ,briti% ,adv]tis]1 ) #hjh1jjb2 & ! ,iri% pap] ) ! l>ge/ circulation 0 ,! ,telegraph1 ) #iei1jjj4 ,( ! ,london lit]>y pap]s ! *ief 0 ,! ,exam9]1 ) #bdh1efj4 ,) "o or two exceptions1 ! circulation ( ^! j\rnals may be consid]$ to h increas$ enorm\sly4 ,!re are n[ publi%$ 9 ,great ,brita9 #a1cej diff]5t newspap]s1 ( :i* #bdj are ,london pap]s1 #bj be+ dailies1 #ggf ,engli% prov9cial pap]s1 #adc ,iri%1 #adj ,scot*1 #cg ,wel%1 & #ad are publi%$ 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,_m ( ^! enjoy b a limit$ circulation1 z naturally foll[s f ! n>r[ limit !y assign to !mselves4 ,?us sev]al trades h _! special organs1 z = in/ance1 ! groc]s1 ! bak]s1 & ev5 ! hairdress]s among o!rs4 ,be=e conclud+ ?is article x w be well to notice a few ( ! lead+ j\rnals :i* h n be5 m5tion$4 ,! ,daily ,telegraph 0 orig9ally />t$ at twop5ce1 9 #ahee1 by ,colonel ,sleigh1 b he1 gett+ beh9dh& ) 8 pr9t]s to ! am\nt ( #a1jjj1 sold !m ! pap] = ano!r #a1jjj1 & 9 _! h&s x has s9ce rema9$4 ,! price 0 r$uc$ to a p5ny1 &1 "u ! new managem5t1 its circulation rapidly increas$4 ,! ,/&>d dealt a heavy bl[ at x 9 #aheh1 by com+ out sudd5ly "o morn+1 )\t any previ\s w>n+1 z a d\ble %eet4 ,?is fir/ numb] 0 giv5 away 9 ! /reets1 9 va/ quantities1 ?r[n into omnibuses & cabs1 pit*$ into %ops & public h\ses1 & s on4 ,! sale ( ,! ,telegraph s decreas$ t x 0 f\nd necess>y to enl>ge x to ! same size z ,! ,/&>d1 :5 its circulation rose aga9 imm$iately4 ,x has n[ ! l>ge/ circulation 9 ! _w1 m ?an #ajj1jjj daily1 a mu* l>g] ,london circulation ?an ,! ,times1 ?\gh a small] prov9cial & =eign sale2 & its cle> pr(its are v>i\sly /at$ by p]sons :o pr(ess to be well in=m$1 at diff]5t sums1 ! lea/ ( :i* is #bj1jjj a ye>4 ,! *ief causes ( its success are its indep5d5t & uncompromis+ tone1 ! great pa9s x takes to ga9 e>ly intellig5ce--x has frequ5tly anticipat$ ,! ,times itself 9 =eign news--& ! vigor\s & able social articles ( ,mr4 ,george ,augu/us ,sala4 ,! ,daily ,news 0 />t$ z a ,lib]al & ,re=m j\rnal 9 #ahdf4 ,an enorm\s sum ( money 0 sunk 9 e/abli%+ x1 = x 0 n at fir/ successful4 ,*>les ,dick5s 0 ! fir/ editor1 b politics 7 n mu* 9 ! l9e ( ! g5ial & unrivall$ noveli/1 & he 0 soon succe$$ by ,john ,=/] & ,*>les ,w5twor? ,dilke1 ^: connection ) ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum & ! great ,exhibition has made him a knight1 a ,c4 ,b41 & a v important p]sonage4 ,! ,daily ,news is n[ "o ( ! able/ & mo/ successful ( ,london j\rnals1 & has _h & /ill enjoys ! assi/ance ( ! be/ writ]s ( ! day 9 e dep>tm5t4 ,! l9e :i* ?is j\rnal has always ma9ta9$ t[>d ,am]ica w =ev] e>n x ! admiration & gratitude ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ano!r firm fri5d ( ! great republic is ,! ,morn+ ,/>1 ! organ ( ,mr4 ,bright & ! ,man*e/] s*ool1 />t$ 9 #ahef4 ,9 addition to its political claims1 x has a great hold ^u ! public z a family newspap]1 by ! c>eful mann] 9 :i* ev]y?+ objectionable is exclud$ f its columns4 ,its tw9 si/]1 born at ! same "t1 is call$ ,! ,ev5+ ,/>4 ,bell's ,life 9 ,london1 a weekly j\rnal1 0 orig9ally br\ght out 9 #ahbj1 &1 al?\gh x has m ?an "o successful rival to cont5d aga9/1 x /ill ma9ta9s its prem95ce z ! fir/ ,engli% sport+ pap]4 ,x is v c>efully edit$1 ea* dep>tm5t be+ plac$ "u a sep>ate editor1 & is ! great oracle 9 all matt]s relat+ to sports & games4 ,! hi/ory ( "o ( ! able/ contributors to ?is j\rnal1 :o wrote "s mo/ *>m+ articles on fly-fi%+ & o!r k9dr$ topics1 "u ! signature ( ',ephem]a'--?\gh he 0 said nev] to h ?r[n a fly 9 8 life--is a v sad "o4 ,8 "n 0 ,fitzg]ald1 a man ( good family & connections1 m>ri$ to a lady ) #a1bjj a ye>1 & liv+ 9 a good h\se at ! ,we/ ,end4 ,b ! alcoholic demon _h got hold ( him4 ,he w\ld disappe> = days toge!r1 & !n sudd5ly pres5t himself at ! (fice ( ! pap] ) no?+ on b a %irt & tr\s]s4 ,he w\ld !n sit d[n & write an article1 receive 8 pay1 g away & pur*ase dec5t clo!s1 return home1 & live quietly p]haps = a mon?1 :5 he w\ld--to use a prison phrase--break out aga9 z be=e4 ,he 0 la/ se51 9 ! /reets ( ,london1 9 a /ate ( complete intoxication1 be+ c>ri$ ^u a /ret*] by two policem5 to ! police cell1 :]e he di$ ! same night4 ,at ! head ( ! ,sunday pap]s /&s ,! ,obs]v]1 f\nd$ 9 #agib4 ,l ,! ,globe1 x is extremely well in=m$ ^u all political matt]s1 = v good reasons4 ,x sp>es no exp5se 9 obta9+ e>ly news1 & is an especial favorite ) ! clubs4 ,! ,era is ! great organ ( ! !atrical _w1 b jo9s to t specialit ! g5]al attributes ( an ord9>y weekly j\rnal4 ,x 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahcg4 ,! ,field1 :i* calls itself ! c\ntry g5tleman's newspap]1 is all t x pr(esses to be1 & a mo/ admirable publication1 treat+ ( games1 sports1 natural hi/ory1 & rural matt]s g5]ally4 ,x 0 />t$ by ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,web/]1 ! accompli%$ actor manag]1 9 #ahec4 ,b to p>ticul>ize ! pr9cipal pap]s1 ev5 9 a %ort sep>ate notice ( a few l9es1 w\ld f> transgress ! limits at our disposal4 ,all ! pr(essions are well suppli$ ) j\rnals devot$ to _! int]e/s1 & x is impossible "h to dwell ^u !m or ^? :i* repres5t lit]ature & ! f9e arts4 ,) reg>d to religi\s pap]s1 _! "n is legion1 & !y w\ld require a sep>ate article to be fairly & hone/ly consid]$4 ,pun*1 too1 & 8 rivals1 dead & liv+1 are 9 ! same category1 & mu/1 h[ev] reluctantly1 be pass$ ov]4 ,two curiosities1 h[ev]1 ( ! press mu/ be m5tion$4 ,public ,op9ion 0 />t$ ab\t two ye>s & a half ago4 ,x consi/$ ( weekly extracts f ! lead+ articles ( ,engli% & =eign j\rnals1 & scraps ( news1 & o!r odds & ends4 ,x has succe$$ ma9ly f its co/ ( production be+ s slight1 ow+ to its pa/e-&-scissors "*1 & also because x freely op5s its columns to correspond5ts de rebus omnibus1 :o are will+ to buy any numb] ( copies = ! pleasure ( see+ !mselves 9 pr9t4 ,! ,lit]>y ,times1 9 addition to reviews ( books1 pr(ess$ to criticize ! lead+ articles 9 ! v>i\s pap]s1 b1 aft] an exi/5ce ( "s six mon?s or s1 "o ,saturday morn+ ,! ,lit]>y ,times 0 non e/ inv5tus4 ,9 conclud+ ?is s]ies ( articles1 :i* has run to a mu* great] l5g? ?an he orig9ally int5d$1 ! writ] is consci\s ( _m %ortcom+s & omissions1 :i* he tru/s w be p>don$ & ov]look$ :5 8 pr9cipal object is borne 9 m9d4 ,t object has be5 to give a g5]al outl9e ( ! hi/ory ( ! press1 & especially ( its /ruggles aga9/ '! p[]s :i* be2' &1 ?\gh tempt$ n[ & aga9--he fe>s too (t5 = ! pati5ce ( 8 read]s--to w&] away into p>ticul>ities1 he has always endeavor$ to keep t object 9 view4 ,above all1 he hopes he has at lea/ be5 successful 9 %[+ ! tru? ( t s5tim5t :i* 0 fir/ publicly express$ z a toa/ at a ,:ig d9n]1 at ! ,cr[n & ,an*or tav]n1 9 #agie3 ',! lib]ty ( ! press--x is l ! air we brea!--if we h x n1 we die6' ,,our ,,m>tyrs4 ,lightly ! riv] runs betwe5 ,hang+ cliffs & mead[s gre54 ,blackly ! prison1 look+ d[n1 ,fr[ns at its %ad['s answ]+ fr[n4 ,%ut f life 9 8 life's fre% morn1 ,cr\*es a soldi]1 w\nd$ & worn4 ,*a9$ & />v$ 9 ! dungeon grim1 ,day & night are alike to him2 ,save t ! murmur\s twilight air ,/+s 8 s\l ) a deep] despair4 ,day by day1 z ! taunt+ breeze ,wafts him ! brea? ( orange trees1 ,he fancies 9 mead[s f> away ,! level l9es ( odor\s hay2 ,& sees ! scy!s ( ! m[]s run ,9 & out ( ! /eady sun4 ,night by night1 z ! m\nt+ moon ,climbs f 8 eag] gaze too soon1 ,! gleams t across ! grat+s fall1 ,brok5 & bright1 on ! prison wall1 ,seem ! tangles ( ,nor!rn rills1 ,l ?reads ( silv] w9d+ ! hills4 ,:51 s9k+ into ! we/]n skies1 ,! sun aslant on ! w9d[ lies2 ,& motes t hov]$ du/y & dim1 ,gold5-w+$ ?r\gh ! glory swim3 ,he drops 8 head on 8 fett]$ h&s1 ,& ?9ks ( ! fruitful ,nor!rn l&s4 ,betwe5 8 f+]s' wa/$ l9es1 ,te> aft] te> into sunlight %9es1 ,z1 w&]+ 9 a dream1 he treads ,! rip5$ honey ( clov] heads2 ,or wat*es ! sea ( yell[ gra9 ,break into waves on ! w9dy pla92 ,or sees ! or*>d's grassy gloom ,spott$ ) globes ( rosy bloom4 ,?r\gh ! %imm] ( %ad[y haze ,r$d5 ! hills ) _! autumn blaze4 ,! ox5 /& 9 ! load$ teams2 ,! cid] bubbles 9 amb] /reams2 ,& *ild-l laught] & girli% song ,float ) ! reap]'s %\t along4 ,he /irs 8 h&s1 & ! jeal\s *a9 ,wakes him once m to 8 tyrant pa9-- ,to fe/]$ w\nds1 & to dungeon ta9t1 ,& hung]'s agony1 fi]ce & fa9t4 ,! sunset vision fades & flits1 ,& alone 9 8 d>k'n+ cell he sits3 ,alone ) only ! jail]s grim1 ,hung] & ,pa91 t clut* at him2 ,&1 tight'n+ 8 fett]s1 l9k by l9k1 ,drag him ne> to a gha/ly br9k2 ,:]e1 9 ! blackness t yawns b5ea?1 ,/alks ! skeleton =m ( ,dea?4 ,/>v$1 & tortur$1 & worn ) /rife2 ,robb$ ( ! hopes ( 8 fre%1 "y life2-- ,%all "o pang ( 8 m>tyr pa9 ,cry to a sleepless ,god 9 va98 ,,none3 ,a ,,tale ,,( ,,slave ,,life ,,9 ,,rome4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,b ?\gh none's sangu9ely conceiv$ plan = ,cleotos's happ9ess _h s cruelly fail$1 x 0 n 9 h] he>t to yield to 8 passionate1 unreflect+ dem&1 & s5d him away f h]1 ev5 to a k9d] home ?an he w\ld h f\nd at ! h\se ( ! capta9 ,polidorus4 ,x w\ld b increase 8 ill =tune1 by en=c+ /ill great] isolation f e f\nt ( human sympa?y4 ,?\gh ! affection ( ! wily ,leta _h be5 )drawn f him1 h] own secret fri5d%ip yet rema9$1 & c\ld be a protection to him z long z he 0 at h] side2 & 9 _m ways %e c\ld yet ext5d h] c>e & favor to him1 until su* "t z an outw>d-b\nd vessel might be f\nd 9 :i* to re/ore him to 8 native c\ntry4 ,:e!r !re 0 any in/9ct at ! bottom ( h] he>t1 tell+ h] t 9 ! possibility ( try+ ev5ts to come 8 fri5d%ip might be equally s]viceable to h]1 & t1 ev5 9 ! m]e di/ant companion%ip ( a slave ) 8 mi/ress1 %e might feel a c]ta9 protect+ influ5ce1 %e did n /op to ask4 ,nei!r did %e inquire :e!r %e wi%$ to reta9 him = 8 own b5efit alone1 & )\t ?\ght ( any happ9ess or com=t to be d]iv$ by h] f 8 pres5ce4 ,_h %e be5 accu/om$ closely to analyze h] feel+s1 %e might h p]ceiv$1 p]haps1 t1 9 h] gr[+ isolation1 x 0 no unpleasant ?+ to look ^u ! features & li/5 to ! tones :i* c>ri$ h] memory back to h] e>ly days ( pov]ty1 :51 except = a %ort int]val1 h] life _h be5 at its happie/4 ,b _h %e kn[n & ackn[l$g$ all ?is1 x w\ld n h />tl$ h]1 = %e w\ld h felt t1 9 h] he>t1 !re 0 n ! slighte/ accompany+ %ade ( disloyalty4 ,h] nature 0 n "o to admit ( sudd5 transf]s ( allegiance4 ,x 0 r "o 9 :i* a real love w\ld la/ =ev]4 ,:5 ! fir/ romantic lik+ = ,cleotos _h consum$ itself1 f ! a%es !re _h sprung no new passion = him1 b m]ely ! fl[]s ( e>ne/1 true-he>t$ fri5d%ip4 ,& x 0 h] mis=tune1 p]haps1 t ! real love = ano!r :i* _h succe$$ w\ld n 9 turn consume itself1 b w\ld cont9ue to fl\ri% gre5 & p]5nial1 ?\gh n[ seem+ly fat$ to bask no long] 9 ! sun%9e ( k9dly words & actions1 b only to c[] b5ea? ! *ill ( h>% & wanton neglect4 ,cleotos !re=e rema9$--at fir/ pass+ we>y days ( bitt]1 he>tbreak+ despond5cy4 ,8 lo/ lib]ty he _h borne )\t mu* compla9t1 = x 0 m]ely ! =tune ( w>1 & hundr$s ( 8 c\ntrym5 7 %>+ ! same fate ) him4 ,b to lose t love ^u :i* he _h believ$ all ! happ9ess ( 8 life dep5d$1 0 a bl[ to :i*1 = a "t1 no philosophy c\ld reconcile him--! m p>ticul>ly z ! mann] 9 :i* t loss _h be5 =c$ ^u him seem$1 to 8 s5sitive nature1 to be m>k$ by peculi> sev]ity4 ,to h _h h] torn f him 9 any ord9>y way--to "p ) h] 9 "s qu>rel 9 :i* ei!r side might be p>tially "r1 & !nce=? nev] to see h] aga9--or to be oblig$ to yield h] up to ! sup]ior claims ( an op51 g5]\s rivalry--any ( ^! ?+s w\ld1 9 itself1 h be5 suffici5t affliction4 ,b x 0 f> worse ?an all ?is to be oblig$ to meet h] at e turn1 hold+ out h] h& to him 9 pleasant greet+1 & utt]+ words ( welcom+ import2 & all ) an unblu%+ appe>ance ( fri5dly int]e/1 z ?\gh 8 relations ) h] _h nev] be5 o!r ?an ^? ( a frat]nal "*1 & z ?\gh1 ^u be+ all[$ h] m]e fri5d%ip1 !re c\ld be no?+ ( :i* he _h a "r to compla94 ,at fir/1 9 ! agony ( 8 he>t1 he _h no /r5g? to rise above ! weight :i* cru%$ him1 & to obey ! c\nsels ( 8 pride s f> z to play be=e h] a "p ( equally assum$ indiff]5ce4 ,to h] smil+ greet+s he c\ld return only looks ( bitt] despair or passionate entreaty--va9ly hop+ t he might !reby ar\se h] bett] nature1 & br+ h] 9 rep5tance back to him4 ,& at fir/ sight x seem$ n impossible t su* a ?+ might take place2 =1 9 ! mid/ ( all h] *ange ( conduct & wilful avoidance ( allusion to ! pa/1 %e felt no dislike ( him4 ,x 0 m]ely h] love = him t %e _h suppress$1 & 9 its place !re /ill rema9$ a w>m reg>d4 ,if he c\ld h be5 cont5t ) h] fri5d%ip alone1 %e w\ld h grant$ x all1 & w\ld h rejoic$1 = ! sake ( old5 times1 to use h] influ5ce ) o!rs 9 aid ( 8 upw>d progress4 ,p]haps !re 7 ev5 times :51 z %e look$ ^u 8 mis]y & ?\ght ( ! days n s v f> back1 9 :i* he _h be5 all 9 all to h]1 h] he>t may h be5 melt$ into some?+ ( its =m] affection4 ,b if s1 x 0 only = a mom5t1 nor did %e ev] all[ ! weakness to be se54 ,h] pa? _h be5 tak51 & no?+ n[ c\ld make h] sw]ve f x4 ,be=e h] enraptur$ fancy gleam$ ! /ate & rank belong+ to a patrician's wife2 & z %e wove h] toils ) all ! res\rces ( h] cunn+1 ! prize seem$ to approa* h] ne>] & ne>]4 ,n[ hav+ advanc$ s f>1 %e mu/ n all[ a mom5t>y weakness to imp]il all4 ,& !re=e unwav]+ly %e daily met h] =m] lov] ) ! op5 smile ( fri5dly greet+1 invit+ confid5ce1 m+l$ ) ! same indescribable glance1 =bidd+ any r5ewal ( love4 ,& s days pass$ by1 & ,cleotos1 ar\s+ f 8 apa!tic despair1 felt m /rongly t1 if ! lapse ( love into m]e fri5d%ip is a mis=tune1 ! (f] ( fri5d%ip z a sub/itute = promis$ love is a mock]y & an insult3 8 s\l rebell$ at be+ made a passive p>ty to su* a b>ga92 & he began himself to play ! retaliatory "p :i* a wrong$ nature naturally sugge/s to itself4 ,l ,leta1 he le>n$ to hold out ! limpid h& 9 c>eless greet+1 or to mutt] mean+less & cold complim5ts1 &1 9 any communication ) h]1 to assume all ! appe>ances ( indiff]5t acqua9tance%ip4 ,at fir/1 inde$1 x 0 ) an a*+ he>t /ruggl+ 9 8 brea/1 & an agony ( w\nd$ _s tempt+ him to ca/ away all su* /udi$ pret5ces1 & to ?r[ himself ^u h] m]cy1 & meanly beg = ev5 ! slighte/ return ( h] =m] affection4 ,b gradually1 z he p]ceiv$ h[ va9 w\ld be su* self-abasem5t1 & h[ its display w\ld r t5d to add contempt to h] indiff]5ce1 8 pride came to rescue him f su* a c\rse2 & he began m & m to tune ! temp] ( 8 m9d to 8 actions1 & to feel some?+ ( ! same coldness :i* he outw>dly display$4 ,n b t = a :ile su* a disposition 0 =c$ & unnatural2 & h[ev] /eadily compos$ he felt1 & /rongly =tifi$ 9 8 /ubborn pride1 a look or a ^w f h] w\ld h br\ght him aga9 a will+ slave to h] feet4 ,b t look or ^w 0 n giv54 ,p]haps1 9 h] eag] /ruggle aft] ! glitt]+ prize :i* %e _h held out be=e h]self1 %e disda9$ ! love :i* _h once delight$ h]2 p]haps1 actuat$ by a pur] & less selfi% motive1 h] fri5d%ip = ,cleotos =bade h]1 9 m]e wanton pride1 to keep op5 ! w\nd :i* %e _h made4 ,:atev] ! reason1 ! )drawal ( ! fasc9ations :i* _h once attract$ him1 gave 8 m9d leisure & opportunity to reason ) itself 9 m quietude & composure ?an c\ld h be5 expect$4 ,&1 z he m & m began to realize h[ closely %e 0 wrapp$ up 9 h] ambition1 to ! exclusion ( any g5tl] feel+1 & h[1 "u ! /imulant ( h] infatuat$ hopes1 %e 0 all[+ h]self ea* day to act ) less gu>d$ resolution1 !re 7 times :5 he f\nd himself ask+ :e!r %e _h inde$ *ang$ f :at %e _h be51 or :e!r1 on ! contr>y1 %e _h n always1 at he>t1 be5 ! same z n[1 & 8 conception1 ( h] true "* be5 at fault4 ,b1 9 proportion z ! veil ( error seem$ lift$ f 8 s\l1 lett+ calm cont5t once m %9e 9 ^u him1 s1 on ! o!r h&1 did a night ( despair sl[ly settle ^u none4 ,by no reason+ c\ld %e long] urge ^u h]self ! belief t ! neglect ) :i* h] "l treat$ h] c\ld be trac$ to any in(f5sive cause4 ,claims ( c\rt--urg5cy ( milit>y duties--exactions ( bus9ess might easily acc\nt = transitory slights1 b n = long-su/a9$ p]iods ( indiff]5ce1 unbrok5 by a s+le ^w ( k9dness4 ,& z days pass$ by & ?is indiff]5ce cont9u$1 until at times seem+ ready to give place to op5ly express$ dislike1 & h] e>s became m & m accu/om$ to words ( ha/y petulance1 & ,s]gius grew /ill deep] absorb$ 9 ! infatuation :i* possess$ him1 & less c>eful to conceal its influ5ces f h]1 & ! ,greek girl glid$ hi!r & ?i!r1 ev] less anxi\s1 z %e believ$ h] triumph m ne>ly assur$1 to ma9ta9 ! humble guise :i* %e _h at fir/ assum$1 none felt t !re _h inde$ come ^u h] a sorr[ f :i* !re c\ld be no escape4 ,!re 7 a hundr$ me?ods ( relief f x :i* h\rly occurr$ to h] agitat$ m9d1 b "o aft] ano!r 0 9 turn laid aside1 z %e felt t x w\ld b aggravate ! evil1 or z ! opportunity to employ x 0 n giv5 h]4 ,to make op5 compla9t ( h] wrongs & try to drive ,leta f ! h\se--to humble h]self be=e h]1 & !reby /rive to move h] pity--to reproa* ,s]gius = 8 neglect1 & dem& t1 s9ce he no long] lov$ h]1 he w\ld s5d h] back to h] native place1 away f ! holl[ _w ( ,rome--to assume t[>d him1 by a /rong ef=t ( w1 a l indiff]5ce--to wat* until %e c\ld f9d "s season :5 8 bett] nature appe>$ m impressible1 & !n to ?r[ h]self be=e him1 z %e _h once be=e done1 & plead = a return ( 8 love--^! & l exp$i5ts fruitlessly pass$ 9 review be=e h]4 ,all 9 turn fail$ 9 promise ( relief2 & at times x seem$ z ?\gh ! only c\rse left to h] 0 to lie d[n 9 h] sorr[ & die4 ,x 0 no uncommon ?+ !n1 z n[1 = ! husb& to neglect 8 wife4 ,all ,rome rang ) ! frequ5t /ory ( m>ital wrong4 ,b ^? 7 days 9 :i* ! matron did n g5]ally accept h] des]tion ) meekness4 ,br\ght up 9 a fev]$1 unscrupul\s society1 %e _h h] own retaliatory res\rces2 & if no ef=ts 7 suffici5t to br+ back ! w&]+ affection1 %e c\ld recomp5se h]self else:]e = its loss1 secure t h] wrongs w\ld be held z a ju/ification1 & t h] associates1 equally aggriev$ & av5g$1 w\ld applaud h] c\rse4 ,b ) none1 br\ght up 9 a prov9cial t[n1 "u ! %elt] ( h] own native purity & innoc5ce1 no su* idea c\ld f9d c\nt5ance4 ,ev5 ! ?\ght :i* sometimes dimly pres5t$ itself1 t by "s h>mless coquetry %e might p]haps excite h] husb&'s jeal\sy1 & !reby *ance to w9 back 8 love1 0 "o :i* %e always /ifl$ 9 its beg9n+ z weak & unwor?y4 ,b ! recomp5ses ( fri5d%ip 7 /ill left to h]1 & x 0 surely do+ no wrong to accept !m4 ,!re=e ! m %e realiz$ t h] s\rce ( real happ9ess 0 becom+ e/rang$ f h]1 s mu* ! m did %e feel naturally drawn t[>d ! society ( ,cleotos4 ,to h]1 ( c\rse1 he 0 n a m]e slave1 b r a p]son ( equal bir? ) h]self1 :o _h be5 beat5 d[n by ! same fate :i* _h elevat$ h]4 ,& 9 conv]sation ) him1 x 0 easy to c>ry h] m9d back to h] e>ly home1 & = a little :ile =get h] pres5t mis]y4 ,& he1 9 turn1 hav+ be5 repuls$ :]e he _h plac$ 8 highe/ hopes ( happ9ess1 & imbitt]$ ) ! disappo9tm5t1 0 n at all lo? to transf]1 9 all innoc5ce1 8 devotion to "o :o ext5d$ su* k9dly condesc5sion t[>d him4 ,x !re=e happ5$ t ! two 7 naturally drawn mu* toge!r1 &1 = a "t1 )\t attract+ invidi\s notice4 ,^? 7 days 9 :i* ! association betwe5 ma/] & slave 0 (t5 ( an intimate "*4 ,to ! l[] class ( slaves1 inde$1 !re c\ld be no famili> approa*4 ,x 0 suffici5t = !m t at times !y c\ld look ^u ! faces ( _! own]s f a di/ance4 ,b above ^!1 7 conv]g+ circles1 ea* ris+ 9 rank & responsibility1 until !re 7 ^? :o /ood at _! own]s' "r h&s1 m 9 ! position ( fri5ds & confidants ?an ( m5ials4 ,( ^! 0 ,cleotos1 ^: w9n+ face & graceful mi51 jo9$ to 8 natural abilities & 8 valu$ accompli%m5ts1 w\ld h insur$ him a high] position ?an t ( mo/ captives1 ev5 if he _h n be5 assi/$ by ! p>tiality ( 8 mi/ress4 ,x 0 8 duty to ann\nce h] gue/s1 to trim ! lamps at :i* %e read1 to read to h] :5 %e felt indispos$ to d s = h]self2 to indite h] correspond5ce--& g5]ally to sup]9t5d all ^? little elegancies & dem&s ( social life :i* require grace or m5tal ability 9 _! execution4 ,^! (fices naturally kept him ne> h] dur+ mu* ( ea* day--& :5 none & he 7 alone1 & no task 0 be=e him requir+ imm$iate completion1 x 0 b to be expect$ t a m+l+ ( curiosity & fri5dly int]e/ %\ld lead h] to "q him ^u 8 pa/ life1 8 home1 8 associates1 ev5 8 ?\ghts4 ,& (t5 x z naturally happ5$ t1 :ile he spoke1 ! music ( 8 voice lull$ h] into =getfulness ( all b ! pa/1 & %e w\ld f9d h]self unconsci\sly relax+ f ! some:at frigid dignity :i* %e felt call$ ^u to assume1 until h] features mu/ h gl[$ ) "s expression ( h] =m] famili> k9dness4 ,= %e w\ld be sudd5ly />tl$ back into h] =c$ propriety by a /range & tr\bl$ look ( puzzl$ ?\ght flitt+ across 8 face--a look :i* %e c\ld read & analyze bett] ?an he c\ld2 = x told h] t1 )\t any real suspicion ( ! tru?1 he 0 wond]+ at ! lik5ess ( t beam+ face :i* b5t ov] him to some?+ :i* he _h se5 else:]e 9 ! pa/4 ,!re 0 "o morn+ t he sat be=e h] by a little table :]e he _h be5 writ+ a lett] at h] dictation4 ,! lett] 0 fold$ & seal$1 & !n ensu$ "o ( ^? vacant int]vals :5 ea*1 hav+ no press+ task at h&1 rema9s = a few mom5ts li/lessly ?9k+ :at %all be done next4 ,at t in/ant ,leta pass$ ?r\gh ! room--b[+ l[ z %e mov$ be=e h] mi/ress1 & ?r[+ out t[>d ,cleotos f ! corn] ( h] d>k eye "o ( ^? aggravat+ looks 9 :i* fri5dly int]e/ 9 him & pleasure at 8 sight 7 m+l$ ) a c]ta9 cruel w>n+ aga9/ any r5ewal ( pa/ memories4 ,cleotos retort$ ) a simil> c>eless greet+1 expressive ( simple fri5dl9ess1 unconsci\s ( any w>m] emotion4 ,b he _h n yet p]fectly le>n$ 8 "p2 =1 z ,leta pass$ out ( ! room1 ! quiv] ( 8 lip %[$ h[ difficult _h be5 ! task ( ma/]+ 8 =c$ smile ev5 = t mom5t4 ',poor boy6' said1 none1 z %e witness$ ! ef=t4 ',y h n yet le>n$ n to love h]4' ',n yet1 inde$1 my mi/ress1' he respond$4 ',b x seems z ?\gh ,i knew ! task bett] ?an la/ week1 & w\ld "k x /ill bett] a week h5ce4 ,:at c ,i say8 ,x is n to be ?\ght t ,i %\ld lapse 9 a mom5t into real indiff]5ce1 ev5 ?\gh ,i may f9d out t %e is unwor?y ( love4 ,!re _c b be an int]val dur+ :i* ! he>t w /ruggle aga9/ ! judgm5t1 & lead to fooli% long+s aft] :at has pass$4' ',true1 inde$1' said none4 ',& /ill1 9 my he>t1 ,i sometimes almo/ ?9k t ,i h nev] lov$ h]1' he cont9u$ 9 a reflective1 dreamy tone2 't ,i h be5 "u a spell--h be5 made ! slave ( c]ta9 outw>d fasc9ations1 :i* h fett]$ my judgm5t4 ,c x be t "o w ?9k he loves & yet does n8' ',x is inde$ h>d to answ]1 ,i suppose4' ',x mu/ be h>d2 = :]e91 aft] all1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 be+ & ?9k+ to be8 ,b yet x seems z ?\gh !re 7 times1 ev5 long pa/ & be=e ?is captivity1 :51 be+ 9 our own l&1 & ) no?+ to di/urb u or make u d\btful ( ! future1 ,i look$ ^u h] ) a /range k9d ( fe>--wond]+ :e!r1 ?\gh ,i lov$ h] ) s /rong a passion1 x might n r be ! passion ( an unla/+1 unsatisfy+ slav]y ( ?\ght1 ?an ( a calm1 lifelong tru/fulness4 ,& n[ x seems to me t if ,i ev] _h ?is feel+--= ,i _c c]ta9ly tell :e!r ,i ev] _h or only n[ imag9e x--x seems to me z ?\gh x 7 an inn] in/9ct w>n+ me aga9/ evil2 = day by day ,i see m cle>ly t !re has be5 "s veil ov] my s\l1 hid+ x f a cle> p]ception ( :at 0 suitable = x4' ',& y beg9 to dislike h]8' inquir$ none4 ',n s1' he said4 ',nor d ,i "k :e!r ,i ought to d s1 if ,i c\ld4 ,i believe n[ t %e does n1 & p]haps nev] has lov$ me1 b ,i mu/ =give h] = all t4 ,%e may h tri$ to d s1 & = a "t h ?\ght t %e did1 & ! true blame may all ! :ile h re/$ ) me alone4 ,) h] /rong1 unb5d+ temp]am5t1 fe>less ( correction1 & jeal\s ( all control1 h[1 inde$1 c\ld %e long cl+ to "o ( su* a tranquil & yield+ nature z myself8 ,t %e lov$ me n1 proves n t %e c\ld love no "o2 & ?\gh %e n[ seems s coldly he>tless & s ra%ly he$less ( h] fame1 yet :o kn[s :at %e might h be5 if fett]$ by ! love ( a _s m imp]i\s ?an h] own8 ,:o c tell h[ ! great good t is )9 h] might !n h conqu]$ ! evil1 & h] s\l h spurn$ its pres5t head/rong c\rse1 & glori\sly ar\s$ itself to its sole great duty ( love & innoc5t tru/fulness8' ',^!1 inde$1 are v f> f be+ words ( dislike1' said none2 '& !y only prove t y /ill love h]1 or y w\ld n s readily excuse h]4' ',nei!r h ,i d5i$ t ,i love h] yet1' he said4 ',b x is n ) z bl9d an affection z be=e4 ,h] t\*1 h] words1 h] smile--if giv5 ) real love--w\ld /ill please me z ( old2 & yet ,i %\ld feel t !re 0 some?+ gone f me =ev]4 ,ev5 if we 7 re/or$ to our own isle1 ) no enemy ne> or rival to int]rupt u1 ,i c\ld n b h5ce=? feel t de/9y _h n meant h] = me1 s mu* w\ld h] /rong] nature be ill assort$ ) my own4 ,& sometimes--' ',well8' ',sometimes--n[ t ?is ?raldom ( my _s is pass+ (f--!re comes back to me ! memory ( ano!r face1 a g5tle1 lov+ face--:i*1 if x 7 possible ev] to see x aga91 ,i h too long =gott51 b :i*1 if ,i may n see x m1 ,i %\ld1 = my own sake1 h =gott5 long ago4 ,b all ?is1 honor$ mi/ress1 c be ( no int]e/ to y1 & !re=e x 7 fooli% to m5tion x4' ',nay1 speak to me ( x1' murmur$ none2 &1 /ruggle z %e w\ld1 ! telltale blood began to fl[ up into h] face4 ',is !re any woman :o does n c>e to li/5 to a love /ory8' %e add$1 z ?\gh 9 excuse = h] curiosity4 ',x is b a common love tale1' he said1 '& ! m s t no?+ came ( x4 ,a few /ol5 int]views--a few promises ex*ang$--& !n a p>t+ =ev]4 ,t is all4' ',b :]e & :5 0 ?is8' ',six ye>s ago1 at ,o/ia4 ,=1 ?\gh a ,greek1 ,i h be5 9 ?is l& be=e n[4 ,i 0 a sailor !n1 & 9 t port ,i met h]4 ,met h] & lov$ h]1 & promis$ to return aga94 ,& = a :ile ,i meant to d s2 b on our passage back our %ip 0 wreck$4 ,i c\ld n at once f9d place ^u ano!r1 & s took employm5t on ! %ore--none ! less1 h[ev]1 int5d+ "s day to come back & claim h]4 ,:at %all ,i say8 ,x is ! old /ory4 ,! sea is wide1 & ,i c\ld int]*ange no tid+s ) h]4 ,ill success foll[$ me1 & ,i c\ld n return to ,o/ia4 ,!n1 little by little1 z ! mon?s drift$ pa/1 & ,i believ$ h] lo/ to me1 h] image began to fade f my memory4 ,& !n ,i saw ,leta2 & "u ! spell ( t new *>m1 x seem$ to me z ?\gh ! o!r "o _h lo/ all grasp ^u my m9d4 ,n altoge!r1 ?\gh1 = ev5 at ! height ( my lat] love1 ,i h always borne ab\t me ! la/ keepsake t %e _h giv5 me4' ',let me see x1 :at x is l1' said none1 fa9tly2 & 9 ob$i5ce to h] comm&1 & p]haps wond]+ a little t %e %\ld take su* int]e/ 9 s simple a /ory1 ,cleotos drew f b5ea? 8 tunic a ?read ) a co9 dangl+ at ! end4 ,! te>s /ruggl$ into none's eyes z %e gaz$ ^u ! tok54 ,x 0 a poor little silv] co9 ( ! "t ( ! fir/ ,cs>s--"o ( ! few curiosities ( h] fa!r's family--& :i* %e _h giv5 to h] lov] z ! mo/ preci\s ?+ belong+ to h]4 ,%e rememb]$ t :51 9 t la/ /roll by ! %ore1 %e _h hung x ab\t 8 neck ) h] own h&s1 & _h made him promise always to keep x1 %e _h receiv$ f him a simil> tok5--a bright silv] piece ( ,vespasian1 & _h plac$ x ne> h] he>t1 :ile murmur+ simil> v[s4 ,he _h kept 8 ^w1 & %e _h n kept h]s4 ,= ! mom5t1 %e felt ev5 guilty ( bad fai?1 =gett+ t :5 %e aft]w>d gave h] m mature affection to ,s]gius1 x 0 only h] duty to lay aside all t ev5 :isp]$ ( pa/ promises4 ',i c\ld n be> to "p ) x1' he said2 '= x /ill spoke to me ( h] fri5d%ip1 if n ( h] love4 ,& a sup]/itions ?\ght came into my m9d t ,i might "s day see h] aga91 & t1 ?\gh we %\ld n meet z lov]s1 yet %e might1 p]haps1 be pleas$ to le>n t ,i _h n entirely =gott5 h]4 ,w\ld %e n1 noble lady1 d y ?9k8' ',%e does--t is1 x surely %\ld s move h]1' said none4 ',s h ,i /ill worn x1' he cont9u$4 ',& someh[ ea* day br+s back ! recollection ( h] m fai?fully to me4 ,:e!r x is because ?is o!r absorb+ love is pass+ f my he>t1 & leav+ to me great] fre$om ( ?\ght--or :e!r x is t ,o/ia is n[ s ne> to me t ,i daily he> ( x & see its co/umes 9 ! /reets1 & ?us my recollection ( ! place is k9dl$ anew--or :e!r x is--' ',is :at8' said none1 enc\rag+ly4 ',i "k n h[ to d>e say x1' he /amm]$4 ',x is a presumption1 inde$1 b ,i mean x n = su*4 ,i w\ld say t !re is some?+ 9 y\r face1 mo/ noble mi/ress--a look--a fla% ( ?\ght--a glance ( ! eye--a some?+ ,i "k n :at1 :i* rem9ds me ( h] :om ,i knew s _m ye>s ago4 ,s t sometimes1 7 x n = ! diff]5ce ( dress & all else ar\nd y1 s mu* at v>iance ) :at _h be5 h] /ate1 ,i c\ld almo/ =get ! lapse ( ye>s1 & imag9e t--,p>don1 mo/ noble lady6 ,i meant n to (f5d6' ,= %e _h aris52 & n[1 drawn to h] full height1 0 look+ d[n ^u him ) all ! coldness ( patrician dignity t %e c\ld summon to h] aid4 ,he1 too1 arose1 & /ood trembl+ opposite h]4 ,= a mom5t !y rema9$ gaz+ ^u ea* o!r2 he agha/ at ! app>5t consequ5ces ( 8 rem>k1 reproa*+ himself = hav+ s inconsid]ately rais$ h] ang] by d>+ to comp>e1 ev5 9 feature1 a l[ly c\ntry girl ) h]1 & despair+ly ask+ himself :at he %\ld d to re/ore himself to h] favor--%e m & m wrapp+ h]self 9 a disguise ( outw>d pride & haughty be>+1 le/ by "s *ance 8 unsuspect+ eyes might detect ! tru?1 & yet inw>dly ble$+ at ! he>t to ?9k t %e c\ld n reveal h]self to him & promise him h] fri5d%ip1 9 full confid5ce t 8 love = h] w\ld n return & br+ new di/ress ^u !m4 ,!n sudd5ly1 :ile ea* /ood wond]+ :at c\rse to take1 a light /ep 0 he>d 9 ! out] hall1 & ! poet ,emilius ent]$4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,at ! int]ruption1 none ha/ily reseat$ h]self2 :ile ,cleotos1 9 ob$i5ce to a quick & significant motion ( h] f+]1 rema9$ 9 ! room1 &1 resum+ 8 position at ! table1 prep>$ to cont9ue 8 writ+4 ,! poet ,emilius c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 fail to notice ?is some:at confus$ alt]ation ( po/ure1 b no suspicion ( hav+ intrud$ ^u an emb>rass+ sc5e cross$ 8 m9d4 ,he m]ely saw a pr\dly erect mi/ress & a c[]+ slave2 & x 0 no unusual ?+ to int]rupt a ,roman lady 9 ! act ( giv+ ev5 corporeal correction to h] att5dant1 nor did ! /rang]'s entrance always cause ! puni%m5t to cease4 ',has ! caitiff be5 insol5t8' he exclaim$1 9 gallant tone1 z he approa*$ & seat$ himself be=e h]4 ',has he d>$ to look too rebelli\sly ^u s *>m+ a mi/ress8 ,if s1 p]mit t ,i may *a/ise him = y4 ,x is n fit t su* fair h&s %\ld be oblig$ to wield ! rod4' ',nay1 x is no?+1' %e said4 ',no?+1 inde$1 ne$+ mu* repro(2 & x is all pa/ n[4 ,& :]e=e h we lately se5 s little ( y8' ',comm&s ( c\rt--! claims ( ,p>nassus--all ^!1 fair lady1 h )held me f h]et(ore giv+ to beauty its prop] me$ ( admiration & wor%ip4 ,to speak m pla9ly1 ,i h und]tak51 by ord] ( our emp]or1 ! n ungrateful task ( weav+ a few poetical s5tim5ts to be recit$ at ! op5+ ( our new amphi!atre4 ,& 9 ord] t ! results ( my labor might n less5 my already acquir$ fame1 ,i judg$ x mo/ prud5t to seclude myself = ! pa/ few days f ! gayeties ( ! _w1 & give myself up to /udy & m$itation4 ,?\gh1 aft] all1 ,i c\ld n d5y1 if closely que/ion$1 t my seclusion 0 b little productive ( results2 =1 ^u be+ tempt$ out "o ev5+1 sorely aga9/ my judgm5t1 to a fea/ at ! h\se ( ! com$ian ,bassus1 ! true poetic inspiration ov]took me at ! end ( my ?ird goblet1 &1 call+ = p>*m5t1 ,i !re accompli%$1 9 "o %ort h\r1 ! great] portion ( my task4' ',!n1 ,i presume t y\r ode1 unlike y\r o!r works1 w be ( a *e]ful & lively "*1 m especially z x is writt5 = su* a fe/ive occasion4' ',sc>cely1 p]haps1 :at ! _w w\ld call altoge!r lively1 ?\gh "h & !re a ?read ( playful ?\ght may gleam ^u ! m sob] texture ( ! basis4 ,i h r judg$ x prop] t1 = ! due celebration ( an ev5t ( su* wondr\s magnific5ce1 ,i %\ld give utt]ance to deep] & m la/+ s5tim5ts1 s z to fit ! m9ds ( ! spectators = a high] compreh5sion ( its true significance4 ,b1 if y wi%1 ,i w read al\d a few ( my ?\ghts2 & be assur$ t s f> no eye has se5 ! scroll1 n ev5 ! augu/ eye ( ! emp]or ,titus himself4' none incl9$ h] head 9 ass5t1 & he drew f ! brea/ ( 8 tunic a small roll ( p>*m5t1 c>efully wrapp$ 9 a cov]+ ( embroid]$ silk4 ',i comm5ce1 ( c\rse1 by an address to ! emp]or1 :om ,i call ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( all ! ,cs>s1 & lik5 unto ,jove4 ,i !n congratulate ! spectators n only ^u liv+ 9 8 "t1 b also ^u be+ !re to bask 9 ! effulg5ce ( 8 maje/y2 8 c\nt5ance be+ ! sight mo/ to be desir$1 & ! games & combats be+ m]ely accessory !reto4 ,aft] :i*1 ,i speak to ! gladiators & captives2 & prove to !m h[ grateful !y %\ld be to ! gods = all[+ !m ! privilege ( dy+ 9 su* an augu/ pres5ce4' ',is x su* a privilege1 d y ?9k8' inquir$ none4 ',p]haps n a privilege1 b c]ta9ly no great h>d%ip4 ,! tra9$ gladiators surely _c compla91 = !y h volunt>ily assum$ ! risks2 & z = ! captives1 ! mo/ ( !m w "s day die a viol5t dea? ( "s k9d or ano!r1 &1 !re=e1 :y n n[1 att5d$ by ! dec5t obs]vances ( ! games & ! applause ( all ! ,roman p8 ,b to proce$4 ,f !nce ,i speak ( dea?--its pleasures & its recomp5ses2 %[+ t1 if !re be a future life1 ! gods h done wisely to )hold its exact nature f u1 & t1 :atev] unc]ta9ties may exi/ 9 o!r respects1 no?+ c be m true ?an t ^? :o n[ die 9 ! ar5a w1 9 ano!r _w1 f9d _! highe/ felicity 9 ! privilege ( look+ up f a di/ance at ! lov$ emp]or 9 ^: honor !y p]i%$1 & behold+ him enjoy+1 ?r\gh adoption1 ! society ( ! inhabitants ( ,olympus4 ,i !n--b x is useless to detail all ! argum5t4 ,i w read ! poem itself2 or r1 if y s p]mit1 ,i w let ?is scribe ( y\rs read x = me4 ,p]haps1 ^u he>+ x f ano!r's m\?1 ,i may be l$ to make /ill fur!r corrections4' ,h&+ ! manuscript ) all c>e to ,cleotos1 ! poet lean$ back ) eyes clos$ 9 delici\s rev]y1 n[ & !n ar\s+ himself to correct "s defective emphasis or unsatisfactory intonation1 ! tol]ance ( :i*1 he imag9$1 w\ld m> ! prop] effect ( ! production1 or1 ) p]si/5t desire = praise1 mom5t>ily call+ clos] att5tion to su* passages z appe>$ to him des]v+ ( especial comm5dation--& g5]ally omitt+ no opportunity ( exact+ t entire admiration to :i* he believ$ 8 g5ius entitl$ him4 ,ap>t f a some:at extravagant display ( high-/ra9$ metaphor1 ! poem _h m]it1 be+ bold 9 scope1 sonor\s & well r\nd$ 9 tone1 & "h & !re gracefully deck$ ) orig9al & pleas+ ?\ghts4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! s+ul> prop5sity ( ! au?or = indulg5ce 9 morbid & gloomy reflection f\nd its usual developm5t1 :ile e l9e 0 lad5 ) l(ty maxims ( moral philosophy1 m+l$ ) urg5t inc5tives to ! adoption ( a virtu\s c>e]2--all1 9 !mselves1 bo? unexceptionable & praisewor?y1 b1 nev]!less1 hav+ a /range s\nd 9 ! e>s ( ^? :o recogniz$ !m z ! utt]ances ( "o ^: conv]sation 0 always flippant & pu]ile1 & ^: daily life1 9 ! enormity & un9t]rupt$ p]si/5cy ( its pr(ligacy1 r5d]$ him ! ackn[l$g$ lead] ( all t 0 mo/ disreputable & contam9at+ 9 ,roman society4 ,at l5g?1 ! read+ hav+ be5 fully complet$1 & ! li/5]'s p[]s ( flatt]y exhau/$1 ! au?or c>efully rewrapp$ 8 poem 9 its silk5 cov] & c>ri$ x away1 to read x1 9 turn1 to o!r noble ladies1 ) ! same transp>5t pret5ce ( giv+ exclusive he>+ ( x to ea*4 ,= a few mom5ts none rema9$ 9 ?\ghtful sil5ce1 ) h] head b[$ ^u h] h&2 recall+ ! scatt]$ fragm5ts ( ! sonor\s v]ses1 & wond]+ :y x 0 t1 :5 ea* l9e _h seem$ s p]fect 9 itself1 & e ?\ght s pure & noble 9 its purport & conception1 ! :ole %\ld h left ^u h] m9d su* an undef9able impress ( dissatisfaction4 ,cleotos1 ) unobtrusive scrut9y1 seem$ to read h] ?\ghts1 =1 at ! fir/ intimation ( h] p]plexity1 he said3 ',x is because ! au?or ( ^? v]ses has n s9c]ely felt ! full mean+ ( :at he has !re writt54 ,=1 ) :atsoev] display ( +5i\s & arti/ic skill fair s\nd+ maxims ( morality may be express$1 yet1 if !y come n f ! he>t1 _! utt]ance mu/ seem holl[ & unreal4 ,i d n "k ?is au?or--h[ or :]e he lives4 ,x may be t 9 8 daily life he is outw>dly all t c\ld be desir$4 ,b ,i "k ?is--t he has writt5 ab\t virtue & dea?1 n because he loves ! "o & fe>s n ! o!r1 b simply because1 by a display ( well-ton$ p]iods1 he may m surely hope to ga9 ! applause ( ! ar5a & ! smiles ( ! c\rt4' ',b :y %\ld n ^! s5tim5ts1 ?\gh call$ into be+ by p]sonal ambition alone1 give equal pleasure z if spr++ directly f ! he>t8 ,are !y n1 aft] all1 z true8' ',nay1 honor$ mi/ress1 nei!r are !y true4 ,?is is aga9 :]e !y fail to please2 = 9 y\r s\l !re is an in/9ct1 ?\gh y may n "k ( x1 :i* =bids t su* cold & unsatisfactory reason+ %\ld br+ y com=t4 ,he speaks ( dea?3 is x *e]+ to be told t1 ?\gh ! gods h appo9t$ dea? to e p]son1 !y h giv5 x1 n z a veil$ m]cy1 b r z a dreadful fate--t !re is no c]ta9ty ab\t our future condition1 b t1 if we are de/9$ to live aga91 x may be ) ! same evils encompass+ u :i* b9d u n[--& t ! slave may !n /ill be a slave1 de/9$ =ev] to look up to & wor%ip ! high & mighty ones :o trampl$ on him "h8' ',t is1 9 tru?1 no com=t1' said none4 ,& %e b[$ h] head ^u h] h&s1 & sadly ?\ght h[ wor?less to h] w\ld be ! gift ( et]nal life1 if h] pres5t sorr[s 7 to foll[ h]4 ',b :at c we d8 ,if x 7 possible to discov] & believe 9 "s o!r fate1 tell+ u t dea?1 in/ead ( be+ a dread$ pang1 is a boon & relief to ! sick & we>y & oppress$--' ',!re is a book1' said ,cleotos--& = a mom5t he hesitat$1 z ?\gh fe>ful ( proce$+--'!re is a book :i* ,i h read1 & :i* tells u all ?is4 ,x says t dea? is n m]ely a fate1 b is a s\rce ( bless+2 s9ce x leads to a _w :]e ! suff]+s ( ?is life %all be recomp5s$ ) abundant joy1 n to ! ri* m]ely1 b m especially to ! poor & l[ly4' ',:]e is t book8' cri$ none1 ) sudd5 en]gy1 z ! wondr\s dep? & p[] ( ! s5tim5t fla%$ ^u h]4 ',:]e c ,i see & read x8 ,he :o c talk l t1 mu/ surely h said /ill m8' ',i h n t book1' answ]$ ,cleotos4 ',i h only ?is little copy ( a small portion ( x2' & he hesitat+ly drew f b5ea? 8 tunic a s+le small leaf ( discolor$ p>*m5t1 closely fill$ ) ,greek *>act]s4 ',b be+ at ,cor9?1 a ye> ago1 ,i 0 p]mitt$ to see ! book itself1 & to he> portions ( x read4 ,x 0 writt5 to a ,*ri/ian *ur* !re1 by "o ,paul1 a lead] ( t sect4' ,at ! ^w ',*ri/ian' ! fir/ impulse ( none 0 to %r9k back1 n kn[+ b t ev5 ! pres5ce ( "o :o _h ev] come into contact ) any ( t despis$ sect might be injuri\s to h]4 ,= at once %e began to recall _m ( ! tales :i* %e _h he>d to its discr$it--its memb]s hid+ z outca/s 9 ! caves & d5s ( ! e>?--_! repeat$ insults to ! gods--_! pr\d & unacc\ntable wor%ip ( a malefactor--_! sacrifice ( infants--& o!r exagg]ations & calumnies1 begott5 9 malice or ignorance1 & !nce widely spread1 mak+ x n h>d to believe t ! only fate fit = ^? to :om !y relat$ 0 a life ( p]secution & a cruel dea? 9 ! ar5a4 ,b only = a mom5t did ?is in/9ctive horror control h]4 ,! s+le doctr9e :i* %e _h j he>d advanc$ already began to be> its fruits4 ,x seem$1 inde$1 n unlikely t "o :o c\ld write su* tru?s1 & ^?1 8 disciples1 :o c\ld s gratefully treasure !m up1 might n1 aft] all1 be wantonly wick$1 b1 at ! wor/1 might be m]ely victims ( mi/ak5 zeal4 ,& !n1 9 turn1 %e ?\ght ( mu* t _h be5 relat$ to h] 9 _! favor4 ,dur+ h] life at ,rome1 inde$1 %e _h he>d no m5tion ( ! ,*ri/ian sect1 unless accompani$ ) sne]s or contempt4 ,b %e rememb]$ h[ t 9 ,o/ia1 :ile %e 0 yet a v "y girl1 %e _h he>d x sometimes :isp]$ t ! ,*ri/ians 7 k9d & lov+ to all ! _w1 & free f _m s9s 9 :i* o!r m5 op5ly exult$1 & t1 ?r\gh _! great love = _! f\nd]1 !y organiz$ *>ities :i* _h nev] be=e be5 ev5 ?\ght (--& h[ t once1 :5 %e _h be5 v sick1 a /range woman _h nurs$ h] into heal? & refus$ all paym5t = x1 alleg+ t h] religion bade h] give h]self up to su* tasks--& h[ t %e _h once se5 pass by1 "o :o 0 po9t$ out to h] z a holy man among ! sect--^: "n inde$ %e c\ld n rememb]1 b ^: mild & s]5e expression yet liv$ 9 h] recollection4 ,x 0 h>dly possible t "o ^: face 0 s radiant ) univ]sal love & b5evol5ce z to impress itself ?us la/+ly ^u ! he>t ( a "y *ild c\ld h be5 v wick$4 ,nor did x seem likely t ,cleotos1 ^: greate/ weakness 0 t 8 life _h be5 almo/ too innoc5t & tru/+1 c\ld speak well ( a sect :i* wor?ily ought to be p]secut$4 ,& !n aga9 %e ?\ght ^u t little book to ! sect at ,cor9?1 & %e bade ,cleotos to read a v]se or two4 ,he did s4 ,at ano!r "t %e might h li/5$ z %e _h li/5$ to ! moral maxims ( ! poet ,emilius--judg+ well ( x1 p]haps1 = ! beauty ( its words1 b1 beyond t1 reg>d+ x simply z "s new & m orig9al expression ( long-accept$ philosophy4 ,b n[1 9 h] tr\ble1 %e felt t !re 0 some?+ 9 x beyond all kn[n philosophy--a new developm5t ( fai?1 appeal+ to ! he>t1 & speak+ com=t to all :o 7 9 mis]y4 ,x surely c\ld n be t su* words 7 ! emanations ( an evil influ5ce4 ',art ?\--answ] me1 ,cleotos--art ?\ "o ( ! sect ( ,*ri/ians8' %e inquir$4 ',h[ c ,i tell8' he respond$4 ',i h s (t5 ask$ t "q ( my he>t1 & yet h n be5 able to und]/& :at x has said to me4 ,!re are times :5 ,i ?9k t ,i mu/ pray only to ! gods ( ,olympus1 & t all ,i h he>d or read ab\t o!r gods mu/ be untrue4 ,& aga91 :5 ,i read ?is little p>*m5t ( m9e1 & rememb] o!r l ?+s t h be5 told to me1 & see h[ !y all speak ( dea? z a relief to ! sorr[+1 & ( ano!r life 9 :i* ! d[n trodd5 & ! captive %all be recomp5s$ = :at !y h suff]$ "h1 & "k t ,i am "o ( ^? :o ne$ su* recomp5se--!n ,i ?9k t p]haps ! only true ,god is ! ,god ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,b ,i c le>n s little ab\t x all1 t ,i _c1 f my own judgm5t1 det]m9e :i* mu/ be "r4' ',p]haps1' ?\ghtfully respond$ none1 'x may be t if y tell me all y "k ab\t x1 ,i may be able to assi/ y\r conclusions4 ,:o kn[s :at light ,i myself ne$1 or h[ mu* ( good we may borr[ f ?is new religion8 ,x _c be wrong to exam9e = "o's self1 & ! gods w n be angry if we ga9 good doctr9e ev5 f wrong s\rces1 s long z x may make u bett]4 ,to-morr[1 !re=e1 let u beg94' ,^u ! morr[1 !re=e1 & = _m succe$+ days1 ! mi/ress & ! slave sp5t /ol5 mom5ts 9 grop+ aft] ! tru? ( t fai? :i* makes ! high & ! l[ equal4 ,x 0 a bl9d se>*1 = nei!r ( !m _h any def9ite compreh5sion ( ! hi/ory & doctr9e ^u :i* ! new religion _h be5 f\nd$4 ,cleotos _h enjoy$ ! be/ opportunities ( acqua9t+ himself ) x1 hav+ naturally1 9 8 w&]+s ab\t ! ,ea/1 & 9 8 contact ) ! poor & enslav$ ( _m l&s1 he>d mu* respect+ ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es & _! belief2 b hav+ _h no in/ructor1 a great portion ( :at he _h ?us receiv$ came to him 9 b di/ort$ & puzzl+ array4 ,& none c\ld n compreh5d h[1 :5 ! gods rul$ ,rome1 & ,rome _h scatt]$ ! ,jews1 "o :om ! ,jews _h _h ! p[] to slay c\ld be great] ?an all4 ,b betwe5 !m1 = _! /udy1 lay ! leaf ( p>*m5t1 closely cov]$ ) writ+1 beside :i* ! pr\de/ & *oice/ philosophy ( ,rome seem$ mock]y2 & ?\gh !y c\ld n und]/& its full mean+1 !y knew t x spoke su* good words t1 at ! lea/1 ?\gh x may h come f err+ m51 x 0 no less wor?y to h come f a ,god4 ,:atev] ! real nature ( ! fai? itself1 "h 0 c]ta9ly a pro( t among its attributes 7 m]cy & peace & bro!rly love t[>d all4 ,:at might h be5 ! consequ5ces if none _h be5 free to pursue ! inve/igation z f> z %e wi%$--to s5d = o!r books to aid h]--to consult m le>n$ tea*]s1 :o1 ?\gh p]haps hid+ 9 secret %elt]1 7 yet atta9able ) prop] se>*1 _c be kn[n4 ,x is n improbable t1 9 ! end1 "o m might h be5 add$ to ! li/ ( ^? few ,roman wom5 ( high degree :o ev5 !n gave up all _! rank & /ate 9 ord] to %>e ! p]secutions ( ! ,naz>5es4 ,b x 0 o!rwise ord]$4 ,already indications1 ea* slight 9 itself1 b altoge!r ( important be>+1 began to pres5t !mselves be=e h]1 w>n+ h] t jeal\s eyes 7 wat*+ h]1 & t1 if %e w\ld avoid ! consequ5ces ( miscon/ruction1 %e mu/ br+ h] feeble inve/igations to a close4 ,until n[1 ,leta1 9 h] /ruggle to ali5ate ! husb& f ! wife1 _h be5 actuat$ simply by ! exig5cies ( h] ambiti\s policy4 ,be>+ 9 h] he>t no especial hatr$ t[>d h] mi/ress1 %e w\ld will+ly h sp>$ h]1 _h n ! circum/ances ( ! case seem$ to require ! ru9 ( ! "o prelim9>y to ! exaltation ( ! o!r4 ,b n[1 o!r inc5tives to h] ef=ts 7 add$4 ,fir/ 9 h] m9d came jeal\sy ( ,cleotos2 = ?\gh %e _h ca/ him (f1 & bade him /ifle ! ye>n+s ( 8 he>t1 &1 by ! cool ex]cise ( intellect & craft alone1 seek a bett] =tune = himself1 x 0 h>dly natural t %e %\ld feel pleas$ to h him s soon appe> to take h] at h] ^w4 ,%e w\ld h bett] lik$ to see him display m prolong$ sorr[ = h] loss4 ,!n came jeal\sy ( none1 :o _h app>5tly be5 able to console him s e>ly4 ,& m+l$ ) all ?is1 !re began to press ^u h] a />tl+ ?\ght--"o :i* %e at fir/ contemn$ z unlikely & absurd--b :i*1 ?\gh cont9ually driv5 away1 s ob/9ately return$ & comm5d$ itself to h] att5tion ) new] plausibility1 t at la/ %e began to give bitt] & anxi\s he$ to x4 ,:at if ?is con/ant communication betwe5 none & ,cleotos 7 to result 9 a mutual love8 ,x 0 no uncommon ?+ 9 ^? days = ! high-born lady to ca/ h] eyes ^u ! slave4 ,h[ mortify+ to h]self1 !n1 if1 :ile %e _h be5 ex]t+ all h] p[]s ( fasc9ation1 tax+ ! utmo/ res\rces ( h] intellect1 & mak+ ( h] :ole exi/5ce "o labor$ /udy = ! purpose ( ga9+ an undue influ5ce ov] ! "l1 ,cleotos1 )\t art or disguise or app>5t ef=t1 or any advantage o!r ?an t af=d$ by 8 simple-he>t$1 tru/+ nature1 %\ld h quietly won f ! o!r side ( ! h\se a victory ( almo/ equal importance8 ,& fur!r ?an ?is--:at if ! "l 7 to p]i% 9 "s brawl or by ! hir$ assass9 ( a rival h\se2 & none1 releas$ f h] ?raldom1 & despis+ conv5tional scruples--z aga9 0 n uncommon among ! ,roman ladies ( t day--7 to exalt h] favorite ) legal honors1 & ?us make h]self1 ,leta1 8 slave8 ,?is1 to be sure1 0 an improbable *ance2 b a m9d z active z h] own did n disda9 to =esee & provide aga9/ all cont+5cies4 ,!n1 9 addition to ev]y?+ else1 %e became absorb$ 9 ! "o ov]:elm+ & bitt] reflection1 t aft] all h] sacrifice & labor1 ! anticipat$ success might be escap+ h]4 ,x is true t1 ?anks to h] ef=ts1 ! di/ance betwe5 ,s]gius & none _h wid5$1 until x seem$ t !re c\ld nev] be a p]fect reunion2 b all ?is1 if ! /ate ( p>tial neglect :i* _h exi/$ 9 ! beg9n+ c\ld be reli$ ^u z an indication1 0 a consequ5ce :i* might easily1 9 "t1 h come ( itself4 ,x is true t ,s]gius _h yield$ himself a will+ victim to ! unlawful fasc9ations ?r[n ar\nd him2 b yet ,leta c\ld n avoid see+ t he reg>d$ h] n ) ! deep1 e>ne/ love :i* %e _h hop$ to inspire1 b r ) ! trifl+ c>elessness ( "o giv+ himself up to ! play?+ ( ! h\r4 ,n hav+1 f ! v fir/1 be5 *>y ( ! sidelong glance & ! w9n+ smile1 & :atev] grace ( /yle or mann] c\ld tempt him to pursuit1 z an illusive appe>ance ( success seem$ to beckon h] onw>d1 h] he>t at times grew desp]ate ) ! appreh5sion t all _h be5 9 va94 ,= ,s]gius1 cont5t t ! wife :om he neglect$ did n di/urb 8 repose ) idle compla9ts1 _h no ?\ght ( inflict+ any deep] injury ^u h]1 be+ well satisfi$ to h h] rema9 & conf] honor ^u him by ! grace ) :i* %e ma9ta9$ ! dignity ( 8 h\se4 ,& ?\gh well pleas$ to sun himself 9 ,leta's smile1 !re nev] came to him ! ?\ght t ! slave c\ld be wor?y ( any exaltation1 or t h] highe/ ambition c\ld prompt h] to desire m ?an a cont9uance ( ! companion%ip ) :i* he honor$ h]4 ,all ?is ,leta began to dimly see2 & !re 7 times :51 /rive to hide x f h] he>t z %e w\ld1 x seem$ z ?\gh he might be ev5 gr[+ we>y ( h]4 ,?us torm5t$ ) d\bt & jeal\sy & ! con/antly increas+ suspicion ( baffl$ ambition1 h[ 0 %e to act8 ,to accept h] situation z a decree ( fate1 to fawn ^u ! mi/ress l a pati5t slave1 &1 if ! "l 7 to tire ( h] 9 ! end & give himself up to o!r captivations1 to submit unmurmur+ly to ! unavoidable necessity8 ,all ?is "s might cons5t to d2 b surely n "o l h]self1 gift$ ) indomitable w1 & /ung to desp]ation ) ! s5se ( great & irrep>able sacrifices4 ,to h] !re c\ld be b "o c\rse4 ,%e mu/ ab&on h] sl[ & cauti\s policy1 & seek ! e>lie/ opportunity to urge ! matt] to its crisis4 ,if1 by sp>+ no wat*fulness or +5uity1 or by ! ex]cise ( bold & vigor\s manoeuvr+1 %e c\ld produce a qu>rel & f9al sep>ation betwe5 ,s]gius & 8 wife1 x might n be impossible = h] to impress ^u him h[ mu* %e 0 necess>y to 8 happ9ess1 & !reby elevate h]self into ! vacant place4 ,& if unsuccessful1 at ! lea/ %e w\ld be b %>+ a ru9 :i* w\ld fall l an avalan*e ^u all alike4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*ri/ian ,,emp]or4 ,! la/ great imp]ial p]secution ( ! ,*ri/ians "u ,diocletian & ,gal]ius1 :i* 0 aim$ at ! entire uproot+ ( ! new religion1 end$ ) ! edict ( tol]ation ( #caa & ! tragical ru9 ( ! p]secutors4 ,gal]ius di$ soon aft] ( a disgu/+ & t]rible disease 7morbus p$icul>is71 describ$ ) great m9ut5ess by ,eusebius & ,lactantius4 ',8 body1' says ,gibbon1 'swell$ by an intemp]ate c\rse ( life to an unwieldy corpul5ce1 0 cov]$ ) ulc]s & dev\r$ by innum]able sw>ms ( ^? insects :i* h giv5 _! "n to a mo/ loa?some disease4' ,diocletian _h )drawn f ! ?rone 9 #cje1 & 9 #cac put an end to 8 imbitt]$ life by suicide4 ,9 8 retirem5t he f\nd m pleasure 9 rais+ cabbage ?an he _h f\nd 9 rul+ ! empire2 a confession we may readily believe4 7,presid5t ,l9coln1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dur+ ! d>k days ( ! civil w>1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahfb1 decl>$ t he w\ld gladly ex*ange 8 position ) any common soldi] 9 ! t5t$ field47 ,maxim91 :o kept up ! p]secution 9 ! ,ea/1 ev5 aft] ! tol]ation edict1 z long z he c\ld1 di$ likewise a viol5t dea? by poison1 9 #cac4 ,9 ?is tragical end ( _! la/ ?ree imp]ial p]secutors ! ,*ri/ians saw a palpable judgm5t ( ,god4 ,! edict ( tol]ation 0 an involunt>y & irresi/ible concession ( ! incurable impot5ce ( hea!nism & ! inde/ructible p[] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x left b a /ep to ! d[nfall ( ! "o & ! supremacy ( ! o!r 9 ! empire ( ! ,cs>s4 ,?is great epo* is m>k$ by ! reign ( ,con/ant9e ,i4 ,he und]/ood ! signs ( ! "t1 & act$ accord+ly4 ,he 0 ! man = ! times1 z ! times 7 prep>$ = him by t ,provid5ce :i* controls bo? & fits !m = ea* o!r4 ,he plac$ himself at ! head ( true progress1 :ile 8 nephew1 ,julian ! ,apo/ate1 oppos$ x1 & 0 left beh9d4 ,he 0 ! *ief in/rum5t = rais+ ! *ur* f ! l[ e/ate ( oppression & p]secution to well-des]v$ honor & p[]4 ,= ?is s]vice a ?ankful po/]ity has giv5 him ! surname ( ! ,great1 to :i* he 0 entitl$1 ?\gh n by 8 moral "*1 yet d\btless by 8 milit>y & adm9i/rative ability1 8 judici\s policy1 8 appreciation & protection ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! f>-rea*+ consequ5ces ( 8 reign4 ,8 greatness 0 n inde$ ( ! fir/1 b ( ! second ord]1 & is to be measur$ m by :at he did ?an by :at he 04 ,to ! ,greek ,*ur*1 :i* honors him ev5 z a canoniz$ sa9t1 he has ! same significance z ,*>lemagne to ! ,lat94 ,con/ant9e1 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian ,cs>1 ! f\nd] ( ,con/ant9ople & ! ,byzant9e empire1 & "o ( ! mo/ gift$1 en]getic1 & successful ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 0 ! fir/ repres5tative ( ! impos+ idea ( a ,*ri/ian !ocracy1 or ( t sy/em ( policy :i* assumes all subjects to be ,*ri/ians1 connects civil & religi\s rights1 & reg>ds *ur* & /ate z ! two arms ( "o & ! same div9e gov]nm5t on e>?4 ,?is 0 m fully develop$ by 8 successors1 x animat$ ! :ole ,middle ,age1 & is yet work+ "u v>i\s =ms 9 ^! late/ times2 ?\gh x has nev] be5 fully realiz$1 :e!r 9 ! ,byzant9e1 ! ,g]man1 or ! ,russian empire1 ! ,roman *ur*-/ate1 ! ,calv9i/ic republic ( ,g5eva1 or ! e>ly ,puritanic colonies ( ,new ,engl&4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ,con/ant9e /&s also z ! type ( an undiscrim9at+ & h>mful conjunction ( ,*ri/ianity ) politics1 ( ! holy symbol ( peace ) ! horrors ( w>1 ( ! spiritual int]e/s ( ! k+dom ( heav5 ) ! e>?ly int]e/s ( ! /ate4 ,9 judg+ ( ?is rem>kable man & 8 reign1 we mu/ by all means keep to ! great hi/orical pr9ciple1 t all repres5tative *>act]s act consci\sly or unconsci\sly z ! free & responsible organs ( ! _s ( _! age1 :i* m\lds !m fir/ be=e !y c m\ld x 9 turn1 & t ! _s ( ! age itself1 :e!r good or bad or mix$1 is b an in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 :i* rules & ov]rules all ! actions & motives ( m54 ,?r\gh a hi/ory ( ?ree c5turies ,*ri/ianity _h already ov]come ! _w1 & ?us r5d]$ su* an outw>d revolution1 z has atta*$ itself to ! "n ( ?is pr9ce1 bo? possible & unavoidable4 ,x 7 extremely sup]ficial to ref] s ?or\gh & mom5t\s a *ange to ! p]sonal motives ( an individual1 be !y motives ( policy1 ( piety1 or ( sup]/ition4 ,b unque/ionably e age produces & %apes its own organs1 z its own purposes require4 ,s 9 ! case ( ,con/ant9e4 ,he 0 di/+ui%$ by t g5u9e political wisdom1 :i*1 putt+ itself at ! head ( ! age1 cle>ly saw t idolatry _h outliv$ itself 9 ! ,roman empire1 & t ,*ri/ianity alone c\ld brea! new vigor into x & furni% its moral support4 ,especially on ! po9t ( ! ext]nal ca?olic unity1 8 mon>*ical politics accord$ ) ! hi]>*ical episcopacy ( ! *ur*4 ,h5ce f ! ye> #cac he plac$ himself 9 close connection ) ! bi%ops1 made peace & h>mony 8 fir/ object 9 ! ,donati/ & ,arian controv]sies1 & gave ! pr$icate 'ca?olic' to ! *ur* 9 all (ficial docum5ts4 ,& z 8 pr$ecessors 7 supreme pontiffs ( ! hea!n religion ( ! empire1 s he desir$ to be look$ ^u z a sort ( bi%op1 z univ]sal bi%op ( ! et]nal affairs ( ! *ur*4 ,all ?is by no means f m]e self-int]e/1 b = ! good ( ! empire1 :i*1 n[ %ak5 to its f\ndations & ?reat5$ by b>b>ians on e side1 c\ld only by "s new bond ( unity be consolidat$ & upheld until at lea/ ! se$s ( ,*ri/ianity & civilization %\ld be plant$ among ! b>b>ians !mselves1 ! repres5tatives ( ! future4 ,8 p]sonal policy ?us co9cid$ ) ! int]e/s ( ! /ate4 ,*ri/ianity appe>$ to him1 z x prov$ 9 fact1 ! only effici5t p[] = a political re=mation ( ! empire1 f :i* ! anci5t _s ( ,rome 0 fa/ dep>t+1 :ile int]nal civil & religi\s diss5sions & ! outw>d pressure ( ! b>b>ians ?reat5$ a gradual dissolution ( society4 ,b ) ! political he unit$ also a religi\s motive1 n cle> & deep1 inde$1 yet hone/1 & /rongly infus$ ) ! sup]/iti\s disposition to judge ( a religion by its outw>d success1 & to ascribe a magical virtue to signs & c]emonies4 ,8 :ole family 0 sway$ by religi\s s5tim5t1 :i* manife/$ itself 9 v diff]5t =ms1 9 ! dev\t pilgrimages ( 8 ,hel5a1 ! fanatical ,arianism ( ,con/antia & ,con/antius1 & ! fanatical paganism ( ,julian4 ,con/ant9e adopt$ ,*ri/ianity fir/ z a sup]/ition1 & put x by ! side ( 8 hea!n sup]/ition1 till f9ally 9 8 conviction ! ,*ri/ian vanqui%$ ! pagan1 ?\gh )\t itself develop+ into a pure & enlight5$ fai?4 ,at fir/ ,con/ant9e1 l 8 fa!r1 9 ! _s ( ! ,neo-,platonic syncretism ( dy+ hea!ndom1 rev]5c$ all ! gods z my/]i\s p[]s2 especially ,apollo1 ! god ( ! sun1 to :om 9 ! ye> #cjh he pres5t$ munific5t gifts4 ,nay1 s late z ! ye> #cba he enjo9$ regul> consultation ( ! soo?say]s 9 public mis=tunes1 accord+ to anci5t hea!n usage2 ev5 lat]1 he plac$ 8 new resid5ce1 ,byzantium1 "u ! protection ( ! ,god ( ! ,m>tyrs & ! hea!n goddess ( ,=tune2 & d[n to ! end ( 8 life he reta9$ ! title & ! dignity ( a ,pontifex ,maximus1 or high prie/ ( ! hea!n hi]>*y4 ,8 co9s bore on ! "o side ! lett]s ( ! "n ( ,*ri/1 on ! o!r ! figure ( ! sun-god1 & ! inscription ,sol invictus4 ,( c\rse ^! inconsi/5cies may be ref]r$ also to policy & accommodation to ! tol]ation edict ( #cac4 ,nor is x difficult to adduce p>allels ( p]sons :o 9 pass+ f ,judaism to ,*ri/ianity1 or f ,romanism to ,prote/antism1 h hone/ly s wav]$ betwe5 _! old & _! new position1 t !y might be claim$ by bo?4 ,) 8 e victory ov] 8 pagan rivals1 ,gal]ius1 ,max5tius1 & ,lic9ius1 8 p]sonal lean+ to ,*ri/ianity & 8 confid5ce 9 ! magic p[] ( ! sign ( ! cross increas$2 yet he did n =mally r5\nce hea!nism1 & did n receive baptism until1 9 #ccg1 he 0 laid ^u ! b$ ( dea?4 ,he _h an impos+ & w9n+ p]son1 & 0 comp>$ by flatt]]s ) ,apollo4 ,he 0 tall1 broad %\ld]$1 h&some1 & ( a rem>kably vigor\s & heal?y con/itution1 b giv5 to excessive vanity 9 8 dress & outw>d demeanor1 always we>+ an ori5tal diadem1 a helmet /udd$ ) jewels1 & a purple mantle ( silk ri*ly embroid]$ ) pe>ls & fl[]s work$ 9 gold4 ,8 m9d 0 n highly cultivat$1 b naturally cle>1 /rong1 & %rewd1 & seldom ?r[n (f its gu>d4 ,he is said to h comb9$ a cynical contempt ( mank9d ) an inord9ate love ( praise4 ,he possess$ a good k ( human nature & adm9i/rative en]gy & tact4 ,8 moral "* 0 n )\t noble traits1 among :i* a *a/ity r>e = ! "t1 & a lib]ality & b5efic5ce bord]+ on wa/efulness 7 prom95t4 ,_m ( 8 laws & regulations brea!d ! _s ( ,*ri/ian ju/ice & humanity1 promot$ ! elevation ( ! female sex1 improv$ ! condition ( slaves & ( un=tunates1 & gave free play to ! effici5cy ( ! *ur* ?r\gh\t ! :ole empire4 ,altoge!r he 0 "o ( ! be/1 ! mo/ =tunate1 & ! mo/ influ5tial ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 ,*ri/ian & pagan4 ,yet he _h great faults4 ,he 0 f> f be+ s pure & s v5]able z ,eusebius1 bl9d$ by 8 favor to ! *ur*1 depicts him1 9 8 bomba/ic & almo/ di%one/ly eulogi/ic biography1 ) ! evid5t int5tion ( sett+ him up z a model = all future ,*ri/ian pr9ces4 ,x mu/1 ) all regret1 be conc$$1 t 8 progress 9 ! k ( ,*ri/ianity 0 n a progress 9 ! practice ( its virtues4 ,8 love ( display & 8 prodigality1 8 suspici\sness & 8 despotism1 increas$ ) 8 p[]4 ,! v brighte/ p]iod ( 8 reign is /a9$ ) gross crimes1 :i* ev5 ! _s ( ! age & ! policy ( an absolute mon>* _c excuse4 ,aft] hav+ rea*$1 ^u ! bloody pa? ( w>1 ! goal ( 8 ambition1 ! sole possession ( ! empire1 yea1 9 ! v ye> 9 :i* he summon$ ! great c\ncil ( ,nica1 he ord]$ ! execution ( 8 conqu]$ rival & bro!r-9-law1 ,lic9ius1 9 brea* ( a solemn promise ( m]cy 7#cbd74 ,n satisfi$ ) ?is1 he caus$ soon aft]w>d1 f political suspicion1 ! dea? ( ! "y ,lic9ius1 8 nephew1 a boy ( h>dly elev5 ye>s4 ,b ! wor/ ( all is ! murd] ( 8 elde/ son1 ,crispus1 9 #cbf1 :o _h incurr$ suspicion ( political conspiracy1 & ( adult]\s & ince/u\s purposes t[>d 8 /epmo!r ,fau/a1 b is g5]ally reg>d$ z innoc5t4 ,?is dome/ic & political trag$y em]g$ f a vortex ( mutual suspicion & rivalry1 & calls to m9d ! conduct ( ,philip ,,ii4 t[>d ,don ,c>los1 ( ,pet] ! ,great t[>d 8 son ,alexis1 & ( ,soliman ! ,great t[>d 8 son ,mu/apha4 ,lat] au?ors ass]t1 ?\gh gratuit\sly1 t ! emp]or1 l ,david1 bitt]ly rep5t$ ( ?is s94 ,he has be5 frequ5tly *>g$ besides1 ?\gh x w\ld seem altoge!r unju/ly1 ) ! dea? ( 8 second wife ,fau/a 7#cbf871 :o1 aft] tw5ty ye>s ( happy w$lock1 is said to h be5 convict$ ( sl&]+ h] /epson ,crispus1 & ( adult]y ) a slave or "o ( ! imp]ial gu>ds1 & !n to h be5 suffocat$ 9 ! vapor ( an ov]heat$ ba?4 ,b ! acc\nts ( ! cause & mann] ( h] dea? are s late & discordant z to make ,con/ant9e's "p 9 x at lea/ v d\btful4 ,at all ev5ts ,*ri/ianity did n produce 9 ,con/ant9e a ?or\gh moral trans=mation4 ,he 0 conc]n$ m to advance ! outw>d social position ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ?an to fur!r its inw>d mission4 ,he 0 prais$ & c5sur$ 9 turn by ! ,*ri/ians & pagans1 ! or?odox & ! ,arians1 z !y successively exp]i5c$ 8 favor or dislike4 ,he be>s "s resemblance to ,pet] ! ,great1 bo? 9 8 public acts & 8 private "*1 by comb9+ great virtues & m]its ) mon/r\s crimes1 & he probably di$ ) ! same consolation z ,pet]1 ^: la/ words 73 ',i tru/ t 9 respect ( ! good ,i h /riv5 to d my p 7! *ur*71 ,god w p>don my s9s4' ,x is q *>act]i/ic ( 8 piety t he turn$ ! sacr$ nails ( ! ,savi\r's cross1 :i* ,hel5a br\ght f ,j]usalem1 ! "o into ! bit ( 8 w> horse1 ! o!r into an ornam5t ( 8 helmet4 ,n a decid$1 pure1 & consi/5t "*1 he /&s on ! l9e ( transition betwe5 two ages & two religions2 & 8 life be>s pla9 m>ks ( bo?4 ,:5 at la/ on 8 dea?b$ he submitt$ to baptism1 ) ! rem>k1 ',n[ let u ca/ away all duplicity1' he hone/ly admitt$ ! conflict ( two antagoni/ic pr9ciples :i* sway$ 8 private "* & public life4 ,f ^! g5]al rem>ks we turn to ! lead+ features ( ,con/ant9e's life & reign1 s f> z !y be> ^u ! hi/ory ( ! *ur*4 ,we %all consid] 9 ord] 8 y\? & tra9+1 ! vision ( ! cross1 ! edict ( tol]ation1 8 legislation 9 favor ( ,*ri/ianity1 8 baptism & dea?4 ,con/ant9e1 son ( ! co-emp]or ,con/antius ,*lorus1 :o reign$ ov] ,gaul1 ,spa91 & ,brita9 till 8 dea? 9 #cjf1 0 born probably 9 ! ye> #bgb1 ei!r 9 ,brita9 or at ,naissus 7n[ call$ ,nissa71 a t[n ( ,d>dania1 9 ,illyricum4 ,8 "m 0 ,hel5a1 daught] ( an innkeep]1 ! fir/ wife ( ,con/antius1 aft]w>d divorc$1 :5 ,con/antius1 = political reasons1 m>ri$ a daught] ( ,maximian4 ,%e is describ$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s z a discreet & dev\t woman1 & has be5 honor$ ) a place 9 ! catalogue ( sa9ts4 ,h] "n is id5tifi$ ) ! discov]y ( ! cross & ! pi\s sup]/itions ( ! holy places4 ,%e liv$ to a v advanc$ age1 & di$ 9 ! ye> #cbf or #cbg1 9 or ne> ! city ( ,rome4 ,ris+ by h] beauty & good =tune f obscurity to ! spl5dor ( ! c\rt1 !n meet+ ! fate ( ,joseph9e1 b re/or$ to imp]ial dignity by h] son1 & end+ z a sa9t ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*3 ,hel5a w\ld =m an int]e/+ subject = a hi/orical novel illu/rat+ ! lead+ ev5ts ( ! ,nic5e age & ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,roman empire4 ,con/ant9e fir/ di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! s]vice ( ,diocletian 9 ! ,egyptian & ,p]sian w>s2 w5t aft]w>d to ,gaul & ,brita91 & 9 ! ,prtorium at ,york 0 proclaim$ emp]or by 8 dy+ fa!r & by ! ,roman troops4 ,8 fa!r be=e him held a favorable op9ion ( ! ,*ri/ians z peaceable & honorable citiz5s1 & protect$ !m 9 ! ,we/ dur+ ! ,diocletian p]secution 9 ! ,ea/4 ,?is respectful1 tol]ant reg>d desc5d$ to ,con/ant9e1 & ! good effects ( x1 comp>$ ) ! evil results ( ! opposite c\rse ( 8 antagoni/ ,gal]ius1 c\ld b enc\rage him to pursue x4 ,he reason$1 z ,eusebius reports f 8 own m\?1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ',my fa!r rev]$ ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 & uni=mly prosp]$1 :ile ! emp]ors :o wor%ipp$ ! hea!n gods1 di$ a mis]able dea?2 !re=e1 t ,i may enjoy a happy life & reign1 ,i w imitate ! example ( my fa!r & jo9 myself to ! cause ( ! ,*ri/ians1 :o are gr[+ daily1 :ile ! hea!n are dim9i%+4' ,?is l[ utilit>ian consid]ation weigh$ heavily 9 ! m9d ( an ambiti\s capta91 :o look$ =w>d to ! highe/ seat ( p[] )9 ! gift ( 8 age4 ,:e!r 8 "m1 :om he always rev]$1 & :o made a pilgrimage to ,j]usalem 9 h] eightie? ye> 7,a4 ,d4 #cbe71 plant$ ! g]m ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 h] son1 z ,!odoret supposes1 or h]self became a ,*ri/ian ?r\gh 8 influ5ce1 z ,eusebius ass]ts1 mu/ rema9 undecid$4 ,accord+ to ! hea!n ,zosimus1 ^: /atem5t is unque/ionably false & malici\s1 an ,egyptian1 :o came out ( ,spa9 7probably ! bi%op ,hosius ( ,cordova1 a native ( ,egypt1 is int5d$71 p]suad$ him1 aft] ! murd] ( ,crispus 7:i* did n occur be=e #cbf71 t by conv]t+ to ,*ri/ianity he might obta9 =giv5ess ( 8 s9s4 ,! fir/ public evid5ce ( a positive lean+ t[>d ! ,*ri/ian religion he gave 9 8 conte/ ) ! pagan ,max5tius1 :o _h usurp$ ! gov]nm5t ( ,italy & ,africa1 & is univ]sally repres5t$ z a cruel1 dissolute tyrant1 hat$ by hea!ns & ,*ri/ians alike4 ,call$ by ! ,roman p to _! aid1 ,con/ant9e m>*$ f ,gaul across ! ,alps ) an army ( n9ety-eight ?\s& soldi]s ( e nationality1 & defeat$ ,max5tius 9 ?ree battles2 ! la/ 9 ,octob]1 #cab1 at ! ,milvian bridge1 ne> ,rome1 :]e ,max5tius f\nd a disgraceful dea? 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,tib]4 ,"h belongs ! famili> /ory ( ! miracul\s cross4 ,! precise day & place _c be fix$1 b ! ev5t mu/ h occurr$ %ortly be=e ! f9al victory ov] ,max5tius 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rome4 ,z ?is vision is "o ( ! mo/ not$ miracles 9 *ur* hi/ory1 & has a repres5tative significance1 x des]ves a clos] exam9ation4 ,x m>ks = u on ! "o h& ! victory ( ,*ri/ianity ov] paganism 9 ! ,roman empire1 & on ! o!r ! om9\s admixture ( =eign1 political1 & milit>y int]e/s ) x4 ,we ne$ n be surpris$ t 9 ! ,nic5e age s great a revolution & transition %\ld h be5 clo!d ) a sup]natural "*4 ,! occurr5ce is v>i\sly describ$1 & is n )\t s]i\s difficulties4 ,lactantius1 ! e>lie/ witness1 "s ?ree ye>s aft] ! battle1 speaks only ( a dream by night1 9 :i* ! emp]or 0 direct$ 7x is n /at$ by :om1 :e!r by ,*ri/1 or by an angel7 to /amp on ! %ields ( 8 soldi]s '! heav5ly sign ( ,god1' t is1 ! cross ) ! "n ( ,*ri/1 & ?us to g =? aga9/ 8 enemy4 ,eusebius1 on ! contr>y1 gives a m m9ute acc\nt1 on ! au?ority ( a subsequ5t private communication ( ! ag$ ,con/ant9e himself "u oa?--n1 h[ev]1 till ! ye> #cch1 a ye> aft] ! dea? ( ! emp]or1 8 only witness1 & tw5ty-six ye>s aft] ! ev5t4 ,on 8 m>* f ,gaul to ,italy 7! spot & date are n specifi$71 ! emp]or1 :ile e>ne/ly pray+ to ! true ,god = light & help at ?is critical "t1 saw1 toge!r ) 8 army1 9 cle> daylight t[>d ev5+1 a %9+ cross 9 ! heav5s above ! sun1 ) ! inscription3 ',by ?is conqu]2' & 9 ! foll[+ night ,*ri/ himself appe>$ to him :ile he slept1 & direct$ him to h a /&>d prep>$ 9 ! =m ( ?is sign ( ! cross1 & ) t to proce$ aga9/ ,max5tius & all o!r enemies4 ,?is acc\nt ( ,eusebius1 or r ( ,con/ant9e himself1 adds to ! night dream ( ,lactantius ! prec$+ vision ( ! day1 & ! direction conc]n+ ! /&>d1 :ile ,lactantius speaks ( ! inscription ( ! initial lett]s ( ,*ri/'s "n on ! %ields ( ! soldi]s4 ,accord+ to ,ruf9us1 a lat] hi/orian1 :o else:]e dep5ds entirely on ,eusebius1 & c !re=e n be reg>d$ z a prop] witness 9 ! case1 ! sign ( ! cross appe>$ to ,con/ant9e 9 a dream 7:i* agrees ) ! acc\nt ( ,lactantius71 & ^u 8 awak+ 9 t]ror1 an angel 7n ,*ri/7 exclaim$ to him3 ',hoc v9ce4' ,lactantius1 ,eusebius1 & ,ruf9us are ! only ,*ri/ian writ]s ( ! f\r? c5tury1 :o m5tion ! app>ition4 ,b we h besides "o or two hea!n te/imonies1 :i*1 ?\gh vague & obscure1 /ill s]ve to /r5g!n ! evid5ce 9 favor ( "s actual occurr5ce4 ,! contemporane\s orator ,naz>ius1 9 a panegyric ^u ! emp]or1 pron\nc$ ,m>* #a1 #cba1 app>5tly at ,rome1 speaks ( an army ( div9e w>riors & a div9e assi/ance :i* ,con/ant9e receiv$ 9 ! engagem5t ) ,max5tius2 b he conv]ts x to ! s]vice ( hea!nism by recurr+ to old prodigies1 su* z ! appe>ance ( ,ca/or & ,pollux4 ,?is fam\s tradition may be expla9$ ei!r z a real miracle imply+ a p]sonal appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 or z a pi\s fraud1 or z a natural ph5om5on 9 ! cl\ds & an optical illusion1 or f9ally z a prophetic dream4 ,! propriety ( a miracle1 p>allel to ! signs 9 heav5 :i* prec$$ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 might be ju/ifi$ by ! significance ( ! victory z m>k+ a great epo* 9 hi/ory1 namely1 ! d[nfall ( paganism & ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! empire4 ,b ev5 if we waive ! purely critical objections to ! ,eusebian n>rative1 ! assum$ connection1 9 ?is case1 ( ! g5tle ,pr9ce ( peace ) ! god ( battle1 & ! subs]vi5cy ( ! sacr$ symbol ( r$emption to milit>y ambition1 is repugnant to ! g5ius ( ! gospel & to s\nd ,*ri/ian feel+1 unless we /ret* ! !ory ( div9e accommodation to ! _s ( ! age & ! passions & int]e/s ( individuals beyond ! ord9>y limits4 ,we %\ld suppose1 moreov]1 t ,*ri/1 if he _h really appe>$ to ,con/ant9e ei!r 9 p]son 7accord+ to ,eusebius7 or ?r\gh angels 7z ,ruf9us & ,sozom5 modify x71 w\ld h exhort$ him to rep5t & be baptiz$ r ?an to con/ruct a milit>y ensign = a bloody battle4 ,9 no case c we ascribe to ?is occurr5ce1 ) ,eusebius1 ,!odoret1 & old] writ]s1 ! "* ( a sudd5 & g5u9e conv]sion1 z to ,paul's vision ( ,*ri/ on ! way to ,damascus2 =1 on ! "o h&1 ,con/ant9e 0 nev] ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity1 b mo/ probably fri5dly to x f 8 e>ly y\?1 accord+ to ! example ( 8 fa!r1 &1 on ! o!r1 he put (f 8 baptism q five & tw5ty ye>s1 almo/ to ! h\r ( 8 dea?4 ,! opposite hypo!sis ( a m]e milit>y /ratagem or int5tional fraud is /ill m objectionable1 & w\ld compel u ei!r to impute to ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or1 at a v5]able age1 ! d\ble crime ( falsehood & p]jury1 or1 if ,eusebius inv5t$ ! /ory1 to d5y to ! 'fa!r ( *ur* hi/ory' all claim to cr$ibility & common respectability4 ,besides1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! old] te/imony ( ,lactantius1 or :oev] 0 ! au?or ( ! "w on ! ,dea?s ( ,p]secutors1 is q indep5d5t ( t ( ,eusebius1 & d]ives additional =ce f ! vague hea!n rumors ( ! "t4 ,f9ally ! ,hoc v9ce1 :i* has pass$ into prov]bial significance z a mo/ appropriate motto ( ! inv9cible religion ( ! cross1 is too good to be trac$ to %e] falsehood4 ,"s actual fact1 !re=e1 mu/ be suppos$ to und]lie ! tradition1 & ! "q only is ?is1 :e!r x 0 an ext]nal1 viable ph5om5on or an int]nal exp]i5ce4 ,! hypo!sis ( a natural =mation ( ! cl\ds1 :i* ,con/ant9e by an optical illusion mi/ook = a sup]natural sign ( ! cross1 besides smack+ ( ! explod$ rationali/ic explanation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t miracles1 & d]iv+ an important ev5t f a m]e accid5t1 leaves ! figure ( ,*ri/ & ! ,greek or ,lat9 inscription1 ',by ?is sign ?\ %alt conqu]6' altoge!r unexpla9$4 ,we are %ut up1 !re=e1 to ! !ory ( a dream or vision1 & an exp]i5ce )9 ! m9d ( ,con/ant9e4 ,?is is support$ by ! olde/ te/imony ( ,lactantius1 z well z by ! report ( ,ruf9us & ,sozom51 & we d n hesitate to reg>d ! ,eusebian cross 9 ! skies z orig9ally a "p ( ! dream1 :i* only subsequ5tly assum$ ! "* ( an outw>d objective app>ition1 ei!r 9 ! imag9ation ( ,con/ant9e or by a mi/ake ( ! memory ( ! hi/orian1 b 9 ei!r case )\t int5tional fraud4 ,t ! vision 0 trac$ to sup]natural orig91 especially aft] ! happy success1 is q natural & 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! prevail+ ideas ( ! age4 ,t]tullian & o!r ante-,nic5e & ,nic5e fa!rs attribut$ _m conv]sions to nocturnal dreams & visions4 ,con/ant9e & 8 fri5ds ref]r$ ! mo/ important facts ( 8 life1 z ! k ( ! approa* ( ho/ile armies1 ! discov]y ( ! holy sepul*re1 ! f\nd+ ( ,con/ant9ople1 to div9e revelation ?r\gh visions & dreams4 ,nor are we dispos$ 9 ! lea/ to d5y ! connection ( ! vision ( ! cross ) ! ag5cy ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 :i* controll$ ?is rem>kable turn+ po9t ( hi/ory4 ,we may g f>!r & admit a special provid5ce1 or :at ! old div9es call a provid5tia specialissima2 b ?is does n necess>ily imply a violation ( ! ord] ( nature or an actual miracle 9 ! %ape ( an objective p]sonal appe>ance ( ! ,savi\r4 ,we may ref] to a some:at simil>1 ?\gh f> less important1 vision 9 ! life ( ! pi\s ,engli% ,colonel ,james ,g>d9]4 ,! ,bible itself sanctions ! g5]al !ory ( provid5tial or prophetic dreams & nocturnal visions ?r\gh :i* div9e revelations & admonitions are communicat$ to m54 ,! facts1 !re=e1 may h be5 ^!3 ,be=e ! battle1 ,con/ant9e1 lean+ already t[>d ,*ri/ianity z probably ! beat & mo/ hopeful ( ! v>i\s religions1 s]i\sly s\ght 9 pray]1 z he relat$ to ,eusebius1 ! assi/ance ( ! ,god ( ! ,*ri/ians1 :ile 8 hea!n antagoni/1 ,max5tius1 accord+ to ,zosimus1 0 consult+ ! sibyll9e books & (f]+ sacrifice to ! idols4 ,fill$ ) m+l$ fe>s & hopes ab\t ! issue ( ! conflict1 he fell asleep1 & saw 9 a dream ! sign ( ! cross ( ,*ri/ ) a significant inscription & promise ( victory4 ,be+ already famili> ) ! g5]al use ( ?is sign among ! num]\s ,*ri/ians ( ! empire1 _m ( :om no d\bt 7 9 8 own army1 he con/ruct$ ! lab>um1,a aft]w>d s call$1 t is1 ! sacr$ /&>d ( ! ,*ri/ian cross ) ! ,greek monogram ( ,*ri/1,b :i* he _h also put ^u ! %ields ( ! soldi]s4 ,to ?is cross-/&>d1 :i* n[ took ! place ( ! ,roman eagles1 he attribut$ ! decisive victory ov] ! hea!n ,max5tius4 ,accord+ly1 aft] 8 triumphal entrance into ,rome1 he _h 8 /atue erect$ ^u ! =um ) ! lab>um 9 8 "r h&1 & ! inscription b5ea?3 ',by ?is sav+ sign1 ! true tok5 ( brav]y1 ,i h deliv]$ y\r city f ! yoke ( ! tyrant4' ,?ree ye>s aft]w>d ! s5ate erect$ to him a triumphal ar* ( m>ble1 :i* to ?is day1 )9 sight ( ! sublime ru9s ( ! pagan ,colosseum1 indicates at once ! decay ( anci5t art & ! d[nfall ( hea!nism2 z ! neighbor+ ar* ( ,titus commemorates ! d[nfall ( ,judaism & ! de/ruction ( ! temple4 ,! inscription on ?is ar* ( ,con/ant9e1 h[ev]1 ascribes 8 victory ov] ! hat$ tyrant1 n only to 8 ma/] m9d1 b indef9itely also to ! impulse ( ,deity2 by :i* a ,*ri/ian w\ld naturally und]/& ! true ,god1 :ile a hea!n1 l ! orator ,naz>ius1 9 8 eulogy on ,con/ant9e1 might take x = ! cele/ial gu>dian p[] ( ! urbs t]na4 ,at all ev5ts ! victory ( ,con/ant9e ov] ,max5tius 0 a milit>y & political victory ( ,*ri/ianity ov] hea!nism2 ! intellectual & moral victory hav+ be5 already accompli%$ by ! lit]ature & life ( ! *ur* 9 ! prec$+ p]iod4 ,! emblem ( ignom9y & oppression,c became !nce=w>d ! badge ( honor & dom9ion1 & 0 inve/$ 9 ! emp]or's view1 accord+ to ! _s ( ! *ur* ( 8 day1 ) a magic virtue4 ,x n[ took ! place ( ! eagle & o!r field badges1 "u :i* ! hea!n ,romans _h conqu]$ ! _w4 ,x 0 /amp$ on ! imp]ial co91 & on ! /&>ds1 helmets1 & %ields ( ! soldi]s4 ,above all milit>y repres5tations ( ! cross ! orig9al imp]ial lab>um %one 9 ! ri*e/ decorations ( gold & gems2 0 intru/$ to ! true/ & brave/ fifty ( ! body gu>d2 fill$ ! ,*ri/ians ) ! _s ( victory1 & spread fe> & t]ror among _! enemies2 until1 "u ! weak successors ( ,!odosius ,,ii41 x fell out ( use1 & 0 lodg$ z a v5]able relic 9 ! imp]ial palace at ,con/ant9ople4 ,be=e ?is victory at ,rome 7:i* occurr$ ,octob] #bg1 #cab71 ei!r 9 ! spr+ or summ] ( #cab1 ,con/ant9e1 9 conjunction ) 8 ,ea/]n colleague1 ,lic9ius1 _h publi%$ an edict ( religi\s tol]ation1 n[ n extant1 b probably a /ep beyond ! edict ( ! /ill anti-,*ri/ian ,gal]ius 9 #caa1 :i* 0 likewise subscrib$ by ,con/ant9e & ,lic9ius z co-reg5ts4 ,soon aft]1 9 ,janu>y1 #cac1 ! two emp]ors issu$ f ,milan a new edict 7! ?ird7 on religion1 /ill extant bo? 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 9 :i*1 9 ! _s ( religi\s eclecticism1 !y grant$ full fre$om to all exi/+ =ms ( wor%ip1 ) special ref]5ce to ! ,*ri/ian4 ,?is religion ! edict n only recogniz$ 9 its exi/+ limits1 b also--:at nei!r ! fir/ nor p]haps ! second edict _h done--all[$ e hea!n subject to adopt x ) impunity4 ,at ! same "t ! *ur* build+s & prop]ty confiscat$ 9 ! ,diocletian p]secution 7 ord]$ to be re/or$1 & private prop]ty-own]s to be indemnifi$ f ! imp]ial treasury4 ,9 ?is notable edict1 h[ev]1 we %\ld look 9 va9 = ! mod]n ,prote/ant & ,anglo-,am]ican !ory ( religi\s lib]ty z "o ( ! univ]sal & inali5able rights ( man4 ,sundry voices1 x is true1 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* itself1 at t "t & ev5 be=e1 decl>$ firmly aga9/ all compulsion 9 religion4 ,b ! _s ( ! ,roman empire 0 too absoluti/ic to ab&on ! pr]ogative ( a sup]vision ( public wor%ip4 ,! ,con/ant9ian tol]ation 0 a tempor>y measure ( /ate policy1 :i*1 z inde$ ! edict expressly /ates ! motive1 promis$ ! greate/ security to ! public peace & ! protection ( all div9e & heav5ly p[]s1 = emp]or & empire4 ,x 01 z ! result tea*es1 b ! necess>y transition /ep to a new ord] ( ?+s4 ,x op5$ ! door to ! elevation ( ,*ri/ianity1 & specifically ( ,ca?olic hi]>*ical ,*ri/ianity1 ) its exclusiv5ess t[>d h]etical & s*ismatic sects1 to be ! religion ( ! /ate4 ,=1 once put on an equal foot+ ) hea!nism1 x mu/ soon1 9 spite ( num]ical m9ority1 be> away ! victory f a religion :i* _h already inw>dly outliv$ itself4 ,f ?is "t ,con/ant9e decid$ly favor$ ! *ur*1 ?\gh )\t p]secut+ or =bidd+ ! pagan religions4 ,he always m5tions ! ,*ri/ian *ur* ) rev]5ce 9 8 imp]ial edicts1 & uni=mly applies to x1 z we h already obs]v$1 ! pr$icate ( ca?olic4 ,= only z a ca?olic1 ?or\ghly organiz$1 firmly compact$1 & cons]vative in/itution did x meet 8 rigid mon>*ical int]e/1 & af=d ! spl5did /ate & c\rt dress he wi%$ = 8 empire4 ,s e>ly z ! ye> #cac we f9d ! bi%op ,hosius ( ,cordova among 8 c\nsellors1 & hea!n writ]s ascribe to ! bi%op ev5 a magical influ5ce ov] ! emp]or4 ,lactantius1 also1 & ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea belong$ to 8 confid5tial circle4 ,he exempt$ ! ,*ri/ian cl]gy f milit>y & municipal duty 7,m>*1 #cac72 aboli%$ v>i\s cu/oms & ord9ances (f5sive to ! ,*ri/ians 7#cae72 facilitat$ ! emancipation ( ,*ri/ian slaves 7be=e #caf72 legaliz$ beque/s to ca?olic *ur*es 7#cba72 enjo9$ ! civil obs]vance ( ,sunday1 ?\gh n z dies ,dom9i1 b z dies ,solis1 9 con=mity to 8 wor%ip ( ,apollo1 & 9 company ) an ord9ance = ! regul> consult+ ( ! h>uspex 7#cba72 contribut$ lib]ally to ! build+ ( *ur*es & ! support ( ! cl]gy2 eras$ ! hea!n symbols ( ,jupit] & ,apollo1 ,m>s & ,h]cules f ! imp]ial co9s 7#cbc72 & gave 8 sons a ,*ri/ian education4 ,?is mighty example 0 foll[$1 z might be expect$1 by a g5]al transition ( ^? subjects :o 7 m influ5c$ 9 _! conduct by outw>d circum/ances ?an by inw>d conviction & pr9ciple4 ,! /ory1 t 9 "o ye> 7#cbd7 twelve ?\s& m51 ) wom5 & *ildr5 9 proportion1 7 baptiz$ 9 ,rome1 & t ! emp]or _h promis$ to ea* conv]t a :ite g>m5t & tw5ty pieces ( gold1 is at lea/ 9 accordance ) ! _s ( t reign1 ?\gh ! fact itself1 9 all probability1 is greatly exagg]at$4 ,con/ant9e came out ) /ill great] decision1 :51 by 8 victory ov] 8 ,ea/]n colleague & bro!r-9-law1 ,lic9ius1 he became sole head ( ! :ole ,roman empire4 ,to /r5g!n 8 position1 ,lic9ius _h gradually plac$ himself at ! head ( ! hea!n p>ty1 /ill v num]\s1 & _h vex$ ! ,*ri/ians fir/ ) wanton ridicule1 !n ) exclusion f civil & milit>y (fice1 ) bani%m5t1 & 9 "s in/ances p]haps ev5 ) bloody p]secution4 ,?is gave ! political /rife = ! mon>*y betwe5 himself & ,con/ant9e ! "* also ( a w> ( religions2 & ! defeat ( ,lic9ius 9 ! battle ( ,adrianople1 9 ,july1 #cba1 & at ,*alc$on1 9 ,septemb]1 0 a new triumph ( ! /&>d ( ! cross ov] ! sacrifices ( ! gods2 save t ,con/ant9e di%onor$ himself & 8 cause by ! execution ( ,lic9ius & 8 son4 ,! emp]or n[ issu$ a g5]al exhortation to 8 subjects to embrace ! ,*ri/ian religion1 /ill leav+ !m1 h[ev]1 to _! own free conviction4 ,9 ! ye> #cbe1 z patron ( ! *ur*1 he summon$ ! c\ncil ( ,nice1 & himself att5d$ x2 bani%$ ! ,arians1 ?\gh he aft]w>d recall$ !m2 &1 9 8 mon>*ical _s ( uni=mity1 %[$ great zeal = ! settlem5t ( all !ological disputes1 :ile he 0 bl9d to _! deep significance4 ,he fir/ introduc$ ! practice ( subscription to ! articles ( a writt5 cre$ & ( ! infliction ( civil puni%m5ts = non-con=mity4 ,9 ! ye>s #cbe-cbi1 9 connection ) 8 "m1 ,hel5a1 he erect$ magnific5t *ur*es on ! sacr$ spots 9 ,j]usalem4 ,z hea!nism _h /ill ! prepond]ance 9 ,rome1 :]e x 0 hall[$ by its great traditions1 ,con/ant9e1 by div9e comm& z he suppos$1 9 ! ye> #ccj1 transf]r$ ! seat ( 8 gov]nm5t to ,byzantium1 & ?us fix$ ! policy1 already initiat$ by ,domitian1 or ori5taliz+ & divid+ ! empire4 ,9 ! selection ( ! unrivall$ locality he %[$ m ta/e & g5ius ?an ! f\nd]s ( ,madrid1 ,vi5na1 ,b]l91 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 or ,wa%+ton4 ,) incr$ible rapidity1 & by all ! means )9 rea* ( an absolute mon>*1 he turn$ ?is nobly situat$ t[n1 connect+ two seas & two cont95ts1 into a spl5did resid5ce & a new ,*ri/ian ,rome1 '= :i* n[1' z ,gregory ( ,nazianz5 expresses x1 'sea & l& emulate ea* o!r1 to load x ) _! treasures1 & cr[n x que5 ( cities4' ,"h1 in/ead ( idol temples & alt>s1 *ur*es & crucifixes rose2 ?\gh among !m ! /atues ( patron deities f all ov] ,greece1 mutilat$ by all sorts ( ta/eless adaptations1 7 also ga!r$ 9 ! new metropolis4 ,! ma9 hall 9 ! palace 0 adorn$ ) repres5tations ( ! crucifixion & o!r ,biblical sc5es4 ,! gladiatorial %[s1 s popul> 9 ,rome1 7 =bidd5 "h1 ?\gh !atres1 amphi!atres1 & hippodromes kept _! place4 ,x c\ld n[h]e be mi/ak51 t ! new imp]ial resid5ce 01 z to all outw>d appe>ance1 a ,*ri/ian city4 ,! smoke ( hea!n sacrifices nev] rose f ! sev5 hills ( ,new ,rome1 except dur+ ! %ort reign ( ,julian ! ,apo/ate4 ,x became ! resid5ce ( a bi%op1 :o n only claim$ ! au?ority ( ! apo/olic see ( neighbor+ ,ephesus1 b soon out%one ! patri>*ate ( ,alex&ria1 & rivall$ = c5turies ! papal p[] 9 anci5t ,rome4 ,! emp]or dilig5tly att5d$ div9e wor%ip1 & is portray$ ^u m$als 9 ! po/ure ( pray]4 ,he kept ! ,ea/] vigils ) great devotion4 ,he w\ld /& dur+ ! longe/ s]mons ( 8 bi%ops1 :o always surr\nd$ him1 & un=tunately flatt]$ him only too mu*4 ,& he ev5 himself compos$ & deliv]$ disc\rses to 8 c\rt1 9 ! ,lat9 language1 f :i* !y 7 translat$ into ,greek by int]pret]s appo9t$ = ! purpose4 ,g5]al invitations 7 issu$1 & ! citiz5s flock$ 9 great cr[ds to ! palace to he> ! imp]ial prea*]1 :o w\ld 9 va9 try to prev5t _! l\d applause by po9t+ to heav5 z ! s\rce ( 8 wisdom4 ,he dwelt ma9ly on ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! folly ( idolatry1 ! unity & provid5ce ( ,god1 ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 & ! judgm5t4 ,at times he w\ld sev]ely rebuke ! av>ice & rapacity ( 8 c\rti]s1 :o w\ld l\dly applaud him ) _! m\?s & belie 8 exhortations by _! works4 ,"o ( ^! productions is /ill extant1 9 :i* he recomm5ds ,*ri/ianity 9 a *>act]i/ic /ra91 & 9 pro( ( its div9e orig9 cites especially ! fulfilm5t ( prophecy1 includ+ ! sibyll9e books & ! ,f\r? ,eclogue ( ,virgil1 ) ! contra/ betwe5 8 own happy & brilliant reign & ! tragical fate ( 8 p]secut+ pr$ecessors & colleagues4 ,nev]!less he cont9u$ 9 8 lat] ye>s true1 ^u ! :ole1 to ! tol]ation pr9ciples ( ! edict ( #cac1 protect$ ! pagan prie/s & temples 9 _! privileges1 & wisely ab/a9$ f all viol5t measures aga9/ hea!nism1 9 ! p]suasion t x w\ld 9 "t die out4 ,he reta9$ _m hea!ns at c\rt & 9 public (fice1 al?\gh he lov$ to promote ,*ri/ians to honorable positions4 ,9 sev]al cases1 h[ev]1 he prohibit$ idolatry1 :]e x sanction$ sc&al\s immorality1 z 9 ! obsc5e wor%ip ( ,v5us 9 ,ph5icia2 or 9 places :i* 7 especially sacr$ to ! ,*ri/ians1 z ! sepul*re ( ,*ri/ & ! grove ( ,mamre2 & he caus$ a numb] ( des]t$ temples & images to be de/roy$ or turn$ into ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,eusebius relates sev]al su* in/ances ) evid5t approbation1 & praises also 8 lat] edicts aga9/ v>i\s h]etics & s*ismatics1 b )\t m5tion+ ! ,arians4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s he seems1 inde$1 to h issu$ a g5]al prohibition ( idolatr\s sacrifice2 ,eusebius speaks ( x1 & 8 sons 9 #cda ref] to an edict to t effect2 b ! repetition ( x by 8 successors proves t1 if issu$1 x 0 n c>ri$ into g5]al execution "u 8 reign4 ,) ?is %rewd1 cauti\s1 & mod]ate policy ( ,con/ant9e1 :i* contra/s well ) ! viol5t fanaticism ( 8 sons1 accords ! po/ponem5t ( 8 own baptism to 8 la/ sickness4 ,= ?is he _h ! fur!r motives ( a sup]/iti\s desire1 :i* he himself expresses1 to be baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan1 ^: wat]s _h be5 sanctifi$ by ! ,savi\r's baptism1 & no d\bt also a fe> t he might by relapse =feit ! sacram5tal remission ( s9s4 ,he wi%$ to secure all ! b5efit ( baptism z a complete expiation ( pa/ s9s1 ) z little risk z possible1 & ?us to make ! be/ ( bo? worlds4 ,dea?b$ baptisms !n 7 to half ,*ri/ians ( t age :at dea?b$ conv]sions & dea?b$ communions are n[4 ,b he presum$ to prea* ! gospel1 he call$ himself ! bi%op ( bi%ops1 he conv5$ ! fir/ g5]al c\ncil1 & made ,*ri/ianity ! religion ( ! empire1 long be=e 8 baptism6 ,/range z ?is inconsi/5cy appe>s to u1 :at %all we ?9k ( ! c\rt bi%ops :o1 f false prud5ce1 relax$ 9 8 favor ! o!rwise /rict discipl9e ( ! *ur*1 & admitt$ him1 at lea/ tacitly1 to ! enjoym5t ( ne>ly all ! privileges ( believ]s1 be=e he _h tak5 ^u himself ev5 a s+le obligation ( a cate*um58 ,:51 aft] a life ( almo/ un9t]rupt$ heal?1 he felt ! approa* ( dea?1 he 0 receiv$ into ! numb] ( cate*um5s by lay+ on ( h&s1 & !n =mally admitt$ by baptism into ! full communion ( ! *ur* 9 ! ye> #ccg1 ! sixty-fif? ye> ( 8 age1 by ! ,arian 7or prop]ly ,semi-,arian7 bi%op ,eusebius ( ,nicom$ia1 :om he _h %ortly be=e recall$ f exile toge!r ) ,arius6 ,8 dy+ te/imony !n 01 z to =m1 9 favor ( h]etical r ?an or?odox ,*ri/ianity1 b m]ely f accid5t1 n f int5tion4 ,he meant ! ,*ri/ian z aga9/ ! hea!n religion1 & :atev] ( ,arianism may h pollut$ 8 baptism1 0 = ! ,greek ,*ur* fully neutraliz$ by ! or?odox canonization4 ,aft] ! solemn c]emony1 he promis$ to live !nce=? wor?ily ( a disciple ( ,jesus2 refus$ to we> aga9 ! imp]ial mantle ( cunn+ly wov5 silk1 ri*ly ornam5t$ ) gold2 reta9$ ! :ite baptismal robe2 & di$ a few days aft]1 on ,p5teco/1 ,may #cb1 #ccg1 tru/+ 9 ! m]cy ( ,god1 & leav+ a long1 a =tunate1 & a brilliant reign1 su* z none b ,augu/us1 ( all 8 pr$ecessors1 _h enjoy$4 ',s pass$ away ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or1 ! fir/ def5d] ( ! fai?1 ! fir/ imp]ial patron ( ! papal see1 & ( ! :ole ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 ! fir/ f\nd] ( ! holy places1 pagan & ,*ri/ian1 or?odox & h]etical1 lib]al & fanatical1 n to be imitat$ or admir$1 b mu* to be rememb]$1 & deeply to be /udi$4' ,8 rema9s 7 remov$ 9 a gold5 c(f9 by a procession ( di/+ui%$ civilians & ! :ole army1 f ,nicom$ia to ,con/ant9ople1 & deposit$1 ) ! highe/ ,*ri/ian honors1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,apo/les1 :ile ! ,roman s5ate1 aft] its anci5t cu/om1 pr\dly ignor+ ! great religi\s revolution ( ! age1 enroll$ him among ! gods ( ! hea!n ,olympus4 ,soon aft] 8 dea?1 ,eusebius set him above ! greate/ pr9ces ( all times2 f ! fif? c5tury he began to be recogniz$ 9 ! ,ea/ z a sa9t2 & ! ,greek & ,russian ,*ur* to ?is day celebrates 8 memory "u ! extravagant title ( ,isapo/olos1 ! ',equal ( ! ,apo/les4' ,! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 on ! contr>y1 ) tru] tact1 has nev] plac$ him among ! sa9ts1 b has be5 cont5t ) nam+ him '! ,great1' 9 j & grateful remembrance ( 8 s]vices to ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity & civilization4 ,con/ant9e m>ks ! beg9n+ ( ! d[nfall ( anci5t & classical paganism4 ,/ill x dragg$ out a sickly old age = ab\t two hundr$ ye>s long]1 until at la/ x di$ ( incurable consumption1 )\t ! hope ( a resurrection4 ,! f9al dissolution ( hea!nism 9 ! ,ea/]n empire may be dat$ f ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,9 ! ye> #dce1 ,!odosius ,,ii4 comm&$ ! temples to be de/roy$ or turn$ into *ur*es4 ,!re /ill appe> "s hea!ns 9 civil (fice & at c\rt s late z ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,ju/9ian ,i4 7#ebg-efg74 ,b ?is despotic emp]or prohibit$ hea!nism z a =m ( wor%ip 9 ! empire on pa9 ( dea?1 & 9 #ebi aboli%$ ! la/ intellectual sem9>y ( x1 ! philosophical s*ool ( ,a!ns1 :i* _h /ood n9e hundr$ ye>s4 ,at t "t j sev5 philosoph]s 7 tea*+ 9 t s*ool1 ! %ades ( ! anci5t sev5 sages ( ,greece--a /rik+ play ( hi/ory1 l ! "n ( ! la/ ,we/-,roman emp]or1 ,romulus ,augu/us1 or1 9 contemptu\s dim9utive1 ,augu/ulus1 comb9+ ! names ( ! f\nd] ( ! city & ! f\nd] ( ! empire4 ,9 ! ,we/1 hea!nism ma9ta9$ itself until ne> ! middle ( ! six? c5tury1 & ev5 lat]1 p>tly z a private religi\s conviction among _m cultivat$ & ari/ocratic families 9 ,rome1 p>tly ev5 9 ! full =m ( wor%ip 9 ! remote prov9ces & on ! m\nta9s ( ,sicily1 ,s>d9ia1 & ,corsica1 & p>tly 9 hea!n cu/oms & popul> usages1 l ! gladiatorial %[s /ill extant 9 ,rome 9 #djd1 & ! wanton ,lup]calia1 a sort ( hea!n c>nival1 ! fea/ ( ,lup]cus1 ! god ( h]ds1 /ill celebrat$ ) all its excesses 9 ,febru>y1 #die4 ,b1 9 g5]al1 x may be said t ! ,grco-,roman hea!nism1 z a sy/em ( wor%ip1 0 buri$ "u ! ru9s ( ! ,we/]n empire1 :i* sank "u ! /orms ( ! great migration4 ,x is rem>kable t ! nor!rn b>b>ians labor$ ) ! same zeal 9 ! de/ruction ( idolatry z 9 ! de/ruction ( ! empire1 & really promot$ ! victory ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! ,go?ic k+ ,al>ic1 on ent]+ ,rome1 expressly ord]$ t ! *ur*es ( ! apo/les ,pet] & ,paul %\ld be sp>$1 z inviolable sanctu>ies2 & he %[$ a humanity1 :i* ,augu/9 ju/ly attributes to ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity 7ev5 p]v]t$ ,arian ,*ri/ianity7 on ^! b>b>\s p4 ,! ,*ri/ian "n1 he says1 :i* ! hea!ns blaspheme1 has effect$ n ! de/ruction1 b ! salvation ( ! city4 ,odoac]1 :o put an end to ! ,we/]n ,roman empire 9 #dgf1 0 incit$ to 8 exp$ition into ,italy by ,/4 ,sev]91 &1 ?\gh himself an ,arian1 %[$ great reg>d to ! ca?olic bi%ops4 ,! same is true ( 8 conqu]or & successor1 ,!odoric ! ,o/rogo?1 :o 0 recogniz$ by ! ,ea/-,roman emp]or ,ana/asius z k+ ( ,italy 7,a4,d4 #ejj71 & 0 likewise an ,arian4 ,?us betwe5 ! b>b>ians & ! ,romans1 z betwe5 ! ,romans & ! ,greeks1 & 9 a measure also ! ,jews1 ! conqu]$ gave laws to ! conqu]ors4 ,*ri/ianity triumph$ ov] bo?4 ,?is is ! end ( ,grco-,roman hea!nism1 ) its p[]1 wisdom1 & beauty4 ,x fell a victim to a sl[ b /eady process ( incurable consumption4 ,its d[nfall is a sublime trag$y :i*1 ) all our abhorr5ce ( idolatry1 we _c witness )\t a c]ta9 sadness4 ,at ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,*ri/ianity x compris$ all ! wisdom1 lit]ature1 art1 & political p[] ( ! civiliz$ _w1 & l$ all into ! field aga9/ ! weaponless religion ( ! crucifi$ ,naz>5e4 ,aft] a conflict ( f\r or five c5turies x lay pro/rate 9 ! du/ )\t hope ( resurrection4 ,) ! outw>d protection ( ! /ate1 x lo/ all p[]1 & _h n ev5 ! c\rage ( m>tyrdom2 :ile ! ,*ri/ian *ur* %[$ c\ntless ho/s ( confessors & blood-witnesses1 & ,judaism lives to-day 9 spite ( all p]secution4 ,! expectation t ,*ri/ianity w\ld fall ab\t ! ye> #cih1 aft] an exi/5ce ( ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five ye>s1 turn$ out 9 ! fulfilm5t to relate to hea!nism itself4 ,! la/ glimm] ( life 9 ! old religion 0 its pitiable pray] = tol]ation & its lam5tation ov] ! ru9 ( ! empire4 ,its be/ elem5ts took refuge 9 ! *ur*1 & became conv]t$1 or at lea/ took ,*ri/ian names4 ,n[ ! gods 7 de?ron$1 oracles & prodigies ceas$1 sibyll9e books 7 burn$1 temples 7 de/roy$1 or trans=m$ into *ur*es1 or /ill /& z memorials ( ! victory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b al?\gh anci5t ,greece & ,rome h fall5 =ev]1 ! _s ( ,grco-,roman paganism is n ext9ct4 ,x /ill lives 9 ! natural he>t ( man1 :i* at ?is day z mu* z ev] ne$s reg5]ation by ! _s ( ,god4 ,x lives also 9 _m idolatr\s & sup]/iti\s usages ( ! ,greek & ,roman ,*ur*es1 aga9/ :i* ! pure _s ( ,*ri/ianity has in/9ctively prote/$ f ! beg9n+1 & w prote/1 till all rema9s ( gross & ref9$ idolatry %all be outw>dly z well z inw>dly ov]come1 & baptiz$ & sanctifi$ n only ) wat]1 b also ) ! _s & fire ( ! gospel4 ,f9ally1 ! bett] g5ius ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome /ill lives 9 ! immortal productions ( _! poets1 philosoph]s1 hi/orians1 & orators--yet no long] an enemy1 b a fri5d & s]vant ( ,*ri/4 ,:at is truly great & noble & beautiful c nev] p]i%4 ,! classic lit]ature _h prep>$ ! way = ! gospel1 9 ! sph]e ( natural culture1 & 0 to be turn$ !nce=? into a weapon = its def5ce4 ,x pass$1 l ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z a rightful inh]itance1 into ! possession ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 :i* sav$ ^? preci\s works ( g5ius ?r\gh ! ravages ( ! migration ( nations & ! d>kness ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & us$ !m z mat]ial 9 ! re>+ ( ! temple ( mod]n civilization4 ,! ^w ( ! great apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles 0 "h fulfill$3 ',all ?+s are y\rs4' ,! anci5t classics1 deliv]$ f ! dmoniacal possession ( idolatry1 h come into ! s]vice ( ! only true & liv+ ,god1 once 'unkn[n' to !m1 b n[ ev]y:]e reveal$1 & are ?us enabl$ to fulfil _! true mission z ! prep>atory tutors ( y\? = ,*ri/ian le>n+ & culture4 ,?is is ! noble/1 ! mo/ wor?y1 & mo/ complete victory ( ,*ri/ianity1 trans=m+ ! enemy into fri5d & ally4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,greek3 ,labron1 also ,greek3 lab\ron2 d]iv$1 n f labor1 nor f ,greek3 laphuron1 i4e41 prda1 nor f ,greek3 labe91 b probably f a b>b>ian root1 o!rwise unkn[n1 & introduc$ into ! ,roman t]m9ology1 ev5 be=e ,con/ant9e1 by ! ,celtic or ,g]manic recruits4 ,comp4 ,du ,cange1 ,gloss>41 & ,suic]1 ,!saur4 s4h4v4 ,! lab>um1 z describ$ by ,eusebius1 :o saw x himself 7,vita ,con/4 i4 #cj71 consi/$ ( a long spe> ov]laid ) gold1 & a cross piece ( wood1 f :i* hung a squ>e flag ( purple clo?1 embroid]$ & cov]$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,on ! top ( ! %aft 0 a cr[n compos$ ( gold & preci\s /ones1 & conta9+ ! monogram ( ,*ri/ 7see next note71 & j "u ?is cr[n 0 a lik5ess ( ! emp]or & 8 sons 9 gold4 ,! emp]or told ,eusebius 7,i4 ii4 c4 #g7 "s incr$ible ?+s ab\t ?is lab>um1 e4g4 t none ( its be>]s 0 ev] hurt by ! d>ts ( ! enemy4 ,b ,x & ,p1 ! fir/ two lett]s ( ! "n ( ,*ri/1 s writt5 ^u "o ano!r z to make ! =m ( ! cross3 ,illu/ration 7i4e4 ,*ri/os--,alpha & ,omega1 ! beg9n+ & ! end71 & simil> =ms1 ( :i* ,mnt] 7,s9nbild] d] ,alt5 ,*ri/51 p4 #cf sqq47 has collect$ f anci5t co9s1 vessels1 & tomb/ones m ?an tw5ty4 ,! monogram1 z well z ! sign ( ! cross1 0 9 use among ! ,*ri/ians long be=e ,con/ant9e1 probably z e>ly z ! ,anton9es & ,hadrian4 ,yea1 ! /&>ds & trophies ( victory g5]ally _h ! appe>ance ( a cross1 z ,m9ucius ,felix1 ,t]tullian1 ,ju/91 & o!r apologi/s ( ! second c5tury told ! hea!ns4 ,accord+ to ,kill5 7,anci5t ,*ur*1 p4 #cag1 note71 :o quotes ,ar+hus 7,roma ,subt]ranea1 ,,ii4 p4 #efg7 z 8 au?ority1 ! fam\s monogram 7( c\rse 9 a diff]5t s5se7 is f\nd ev5 be=e ,*ri/ on co9s ( ! ,ptolemies4 ,! only ?+ new1 !re=e1 0 ! union ( ?is symbol 9 its ,*ri/ian s5se & application ) ! ,roman milit>y /&>d4 ,c ,cic]o says1 pro ,rab]io1 c4 #e3 ',nom5 ipsum crucis absit non modo a corpore civium ,romanorum1 s$ etiam a cogitatione1 oculis1 auribus4' ,) o!r anci5t hea!ns1 h[ev]1 ! ,egyptians1 ! ,buddhi/s1 & ev5 ! aborig9es ( ,mexico1 ! cross seems to h be5 9 use z a religi\s symbol4 ,socrates relates 7,h4,e4 v4 #ag7 t at ! de/ruction ( ! temple ( ,s]apis1 among ! hi]oglyphic inscriptions1 =ms ( crosses 7 f\nd :i* pagans & ,*ri/ians alike ref]r$ to _! respective religions4 ,"s ( ! hea!n conv]ts1 conv]sant ) hi]oglyphic *>act]s1 int]pret$ ! =m ( ! cross to mean ! ,life to come4 ,accord+ to ,prescott 7,conque/ ( ,mexico1 iii4 #cch-cdj7 ! ,spani>ds f\nd ! cross among ! objects ( wor%ip 9 ! idol temples ( ,anahnac4 ,,causes ,,( ,,! ,,m9nesota ,,massacre4 ,if great public ph5om5a d n come by *ance1 !n !re 7 causes = ! ,m9nesota massacres1 by ! ,si\x1 9 #ahfb-'c1 q ap>t f ! aborig9al cruelty & f]ocity ( ! ,indian nature4 ,we all "k t ! c>nal ,indian man is a bad en\gh fell[ at ! be/1 & capable ( dreadful crimes & misdemeanors1 if only to gratify 8 :im or ! caprice ( ! mom5t4 ,& :5 he is b5t ^u satiat+ 8 rev5ge = "s real or imag9>y wrong1 ,i w\ld back him 9 ! horrible +5uity ( 8 devices = torture1 9 ! unrel5t+ malice ( 8 v5geance1 aga9/ any--! mo/ fi]ce & diabolical--( all ! pot5tates 9 ! k+doms ( et]nal & immutable evil6 ,b ! :ite man has always _h ! advantage ( ! r$ man4 ,he 0 8 sup]ior 9 k1 p[]1 & intellect2 & came1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( t lordly race1 ! issue ( ^: lo9s already occupy all ! *ief c\ntries )9 ! zones ( civilization4 ,he knew1 !re=e1 :5 he fir/ began to deal ) ! ,indian1 :at mann] ( man he 01 :at 8 enlight5m5t 01 & h[ f> x rea*$ out into ! d>kness :]e all is night6 ,he knew t ?is wild1 savage1 untamable r$sk9 c\ld n be approa*$1 reconcil$1 trad$ )1 or /ol51 f1 by adopt+1 9 8 case1 ! usages & c\rtesies ( civil life1 z we und]/& !m1 b t 8 own peculi> laws1 cu/oms1 & mann]s mu/ be /udi$ & con=m$ to1 if any headway 7 to be made 9 8 reg>d & confid5ce4 ,at no "t1 f ! beg9n+ to ! pres5t day & h\r1 has any :ite man be5 s fuddl$ 9 8 wits z to suppose t ! ,indian c\ld ei!r act or talk l a cl]gyman ( any recogniz$ ,*ri/ian d5om9ation4 ,x 0 too mu*1 !re=e1 to expect f him t he %\ld exhibit any ( ! f9e *>ities & w>m affections :i* di/+ui% ! ,*ri/ian "*4 ,he 0 a r$sk91 implacable 9 8 hate1 n altoge!r tru/wor?y ev5 9 8 fri5d%ips1 & jeal\s ( 8 reputation & ! traditions ( 8 race4 ,nor 0 he )\t manhood ei!r4 ,a brave1 bloody1 mock+ & defiant manhood6 capable ( ! endurances ( ! m>tyr1 exhibit+ sometimes ! sublime/ self-sacrifice & c\rage4 ,:e!r out ( ^! wild & savage mat]ials !re lay any:]e1 at any "t1 ! human or div9e p[] to m\ld a civiliz$ community1 does n appe> ^u ! record4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t aft] all ! f>-too-late attempts to transfigure ^! savages into ! lik5ess ( a d[n-,ea/ ,yankee1 or1 bett] /ill1 into ! similitude ( a ,we/]n f>m]1 no p]man5t good results are likely to ensue4 ,! r$ man & ! :ite are sep>at$ inde$ by ! prodigi\s di/ances 7e?nologically speak+7 n only ( race & language1 b ( noble tradition & glori\s hi/ory4 ,!y c\ld nev] amalgamate 9 blood1 or 9 ! s-call$ natural sympa?ies ( man4 ,!y seem to be born enemies6 z _! feel+s & _! in/9cts app>5tly rea* !m :5 !y come into contact ) ea* o!r4 ,!y _c exi/ side by side4 ,a mighti] ?an !y holds ! de/9ies ( bo? 9 ,8 h&s4 ,he has tri$ ! r$sk9s4 ,he has giv5 !m a good *ance ^u ! e>?1 & !y h fail$ to d any?+ b kill buffalo & bre$ l rats--(t5 burr[+ l rats--refus+ to dig & plant ! teem+1 b5efic5t e>? :i* _h be5 committ$ to _! *>ge2 & pref]r+1 g5]ally1 ! life ( a vagabond loaf] to t ( a ?rifty1 c>eful husb&man4 ,i d n blame !m4 ,!y are z ,god made !m1 & man left !m2 =1 ,i suppose1 _! =ebe>s--some:]e af> (f 9 ,asia1 p]haps1 9 ! dim1 immemorial ages--_h all pass$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s phases ( ! civilization ( _! "t1 & t !y did n gr[ out ( ! tail ( any gorilla4 ,x is n = pr(ane man to inquire :at possible reason !re c\ld be = ! p]petuation--let alone ! creation--( su* a useless1 bootless race4 ,!re !y are1 occupi]s ( ! soil = unkn[n c5turies--be=e ! :ite man ev] saw _! faces--_m ?\s&s ( !m /ill squatt+ !re1 cleav+1 l b]eav$ ,auto*?ons1 to ! bosom ( ! de> old "m :o _h :elp$ & s long nurtur$ !m2 & try+ to make !mselves believe t !y are /ill ma/]s ( ! cont95t4 ,:at !y 7 made = at all1 ,i d n pret5d to div9e4 ,! ,div9e ,mak] ( all kn[s be/1 & :at ,he does is its own ju/ification--satisfy+ ! wellnigh insatiable cry ( ! univ]se = univ]sal ju/ice4 ,!y are ! saurians ( humanity2 & x is rem>kable t ! idea ( 'progressive developm5t'--if ,i may be p>don$ = mak+ use ( a t]m 9 mod]n philosophy ab\t :i* !re has be5 s mu* assumption & cant+--x is rem>kable t ?is idea1 :i* ! "n ( saurian sugge/s1 %\ld run ?r\gh all nature1 & be embodi$ 9 h] f9e/ =ms & intellig5ces4 ,!re is a consid]able di/ance betwe5 ! saurian & good ,ma/] ,adam1 ! g>d5] ( ,ed52 b x seems to me1 aft] all1 t ?is brutal1 f\l1 obsc5e mon/] ( ! prime1 0 only ,adam 9 ! mak+4 ,he came aft] him1 a long way1 at all ev5ts2 & if geology _h be5 fa%ionable 9 8 "t1 & he a savant1 he might h *alk$ out = himself a v f9e p$igree4 ,= ?is /range1 ecc5tric ,nature1 :o meant man f ! beg9n+1 & fail$ to realize h] ideal because ( ^? horrible nightm>e dreams ( :i* ^! saurians1 ma/odons1 mammo?s 7 ! visible repres5tatives1 did1 nev]!less1 make1 9 e succe$+ _w 7= e cru/ ( ?is planet is ! cru/ ( a dead _w71 high] & high] organizations--until1 at la/1 %e gave to man 8 inscrutable bir?6 ,t 01 no d\bt1 a great triumph ( p[] & g5ius6 ,man is a noble animal1 ! f9e/ ( all liv+ fell[s6 et cet]a6 et cet]a6 ,b :at sort ( a fell[ 0 he :5 he came1 9 8 sp9dles & %acklebones1 f ! womb ( ! ,all-"m8 ,0 he a ,caucasian1 or a ,mongolian1 a ,negro1 a ,malay1 or a ,bosjesman8--?is la/ be+ an effigy ( man s abom9able t no race t ,i h he>d ( w include him ev5 z a lodg] 9 ! p>i% settlem5ts6 ,m>k6 :at a sam5ess1 & yet :at an inf9ite v>iety1 !re is 9 all ! op]ations & purposes ( ,nature6 ,%e does n gr[ u m5 out ( our mo!rs1 b babes--helpless1 pitiably1 te>fully helpless babes6--ignorant2 :o mu/ gr[ into ! p]fect /ature & ! mature m9d ( m54 ,is n ?is babe also a saurian 9 its little way8 ,does a wid] gap sep>ate ! saurian f ! man1 ?an t :i* sep>ates ! t9y babe f "s ,bacon or ,raleigh8 ,! law ( nature is progress4 ,x is (t51 nay1 always1 a v sl[ ?+--b h[ sure6 h[ inevitable6 h[ b5efic5t 9 its results6 ,%e nev] makes worse aft] bad--& ^? weird opium mon/]s ( ! =eworlds 7 unspeakably bad6--b always %e makes ( bad bett]2 & ( bett] %e has made h] be/1 at pres5t4 ,9 ! light ( ?is law1 7 any "o mad en\gh to grope1 he might come to ! conclusion t ! fir/ man 7or race ( m57 0 any?+ b a gr&ee 9 m9d1 p]son1 or e/ate2 & t our seem+ly puzzl$ b at la/ mo/ wond]-work+ "m1 yclep$ ,nature1 made "s v ugly attempts at man be=e %e rea*$ ! climax ( h] imag9ation & h] p[] z x obta9s 9 ! man ,caucasian6 ,i reg>d all ! color$ races--& ) no malice or evil ( any sort 9 my he>t t[>d !m--z fir/ exp]im5ts 9 ! gamut ( human creation4 ,nei!r e?nology nor any o!r ology w pull out ( my consci\sness--let alone my active intellect--! belief t ^! 7 ! olde/1 ! primordial races1 or ! desc5dants ( su*1 & t ! :ite ,caucasian man1 ) 8 noble bra9 & he>t1 8 mat*less p]son1 0 an aft]?\ght1 ! brighte/ s9ce h] bir?-?\ght ( ! e>?'s creation4 ,look into ! face ( any upgr[n mod]n ,indian6 ,x is an old face1 z if ! accumulat$ wr9kles (1 n '=ty1' b a hundr$ 'c5turies' _h pl\gh$ _! m>ks !re4 ,!y seem to belong to ! dawn ( "t2 :ile our ,caucasian man is ev] "y & beautiful1 ! born ma/] ( all ?+s4 ,we mu/ deal ) races accord+ to _! faculty1 & cr$it !m accord+ to _! faculty4 ,if we fail1 we fail 9 wisdom--& 9 prud5ce1 :i* is a valuable attribute ( wisdom4 ,expect n grapes f ?i/les6 ,expect no virtue--unless x relates to 8 own selfi%ness or 8 own tribe--f an ,indian1 or f v _m o!r m56 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t ,indians are p :o1 to say ! lea/ ( !m1 are fa%ion$ 9 ! lik5ess ( m54 ,"h1 z else:]e1 ,nature /icks to h] old plan1 & w n budge an in*4 ,9 ! *>t ( ! ,indian's nature are mapp$ out ! same feel+s1 in/9cts1 passions1 ! same organs & dim5sions z belong to ! highe/ race1 or ! highe/ race ( ! mix$ races4 ,%e w h no nons5se ab\t h] r$ *ildr51 nor ab\t h] black4 ,!re !y are1 z %e 7= purposes ( h] own1 n p>ticul>ly cle>7 int5d$ !m to be--m51 alive1 oh6--n desc5dants ( ,monboddo's ape1 nor ( ,du ,*aillu's gorilla1 b m5 prop] & absolute6 ) _! duties1 responsibilities1 & de/9ies4 ,see+1 !re=e1 t ! ,indian 7our ,am]ican ,indian1 ) :om we h n[ to d7 has all ! faculties--h[ev] defac$ & blurr$ by long c5turies ( bloody crimes1 :i* !y reg>d n z crimes1 b z virtues--see+ t ^! r$1 ?riftless1 bloody-m9d$ ,indians h all ! human faculties intact--al?\gh1 x may be1 n s bright z ^? ( "s ( our own p :o call !mselves ,am]icans--is x n possible t by fair & manly deal+ ) !m1 by a j trade1 & consci5ti\s reg>d = ! sanctity ( treaty rights & obligations--t y1 :om x may m p>ticul>ly conc]n1 might s w9 _! good w z to make !m fri5ds in/ead ( enemies8 ,! devil t lies at ! bottom ( all savage natures is easily r\s$1 n at all s easily laid aga91 & z easily kept 9 8 own place4 ,indians are n incapable ( fri5d%ip1 nor ( good fai?1 al?\gh ! be/ require a great deal ( look+ aft]--& close look+1 too6 ,b :at ,i want to urge is ?is3 t if y always appeal to ! wor/ passions ( ! r$sk91 rob him ( 8 rights & prop]ty1 *eat him by false promises1 deceive him at all h&s1 & !n mock him :5 he knocks at y\r door = cr$it or *>ity1 t he & 8 may live1 y _c mu* wond] if1 obey+ 8 traditions1 8 religion1 & ! dictates ( 8 savage nature--n[ madd5$ into fury & reckless ( consequ5ces--he indulges 9 ! frightful havoc1 ! rel5tless murd]s & burn+s1 :i* h s lately m>k$ 8 trail 9 ,m9nesota4 ,let no "o suppose = a mom5t1 f :at ,i h n[ said1 t ,i design to (f] any apology1 any excuse = ! nameless & unpuni%able crimes :i* ^! miscreants h p]petrat$4 ,i h no pity & no compassion = !m1 & surely no ^w ei!r :i* ,i desire %\ld be con/ru$1 9 ?is respect1 to _! favor4 ,i g ) ! old ,scot* judge--a rigid ,ant9omian6 :o1 hav+ tri$ & convict$ a ,calv9i/ z rigid z himself1 ask$ him :at he _h to say :y ! s5t5ce ( ! law %\ld n be pron\nc$ aga9/ him4 ',my "l1' said ! prison]1 'x's a bad job2 b ,i 0 pr$e/9$ to d x6' ,:]eupon 8 lord%ip repli$3 ',ay6 ay6 my cannie laddie6 an' ,i 0 pr$e/9$ to hang ye ='t4' ,s :ile ,i set =? ! necess>y1 evil nature ( ! ,indian1 & ! consequ5t necessity ( 8 bloody de$s1 ,i also insi/ ^u ! necessity ( hang+ him = x4 ,i plead n = ! ,indian ( ,m9nesota1 aft] ^! mo/ %ock+1 mo/ appall+ but*]ies4 ,i love my own race2 & n a man1 woman1 or *ild1 :o 0 sacrific$ by ^! mon/]s1 b _! w\nds 7 my w\nds1 & _! agonies tore my he>t to ! v core4 ,h5ce=? ,i %all nev] see an ,indian b ,i %all feel ! 'goose fle%' ( loa?+ & horror /eal ov] my ,adam's buff6 ,b y1 my belov$ fri5ds ( ,m9nesota6 y :o h suff]$ s mu* 9 y\r families & homes dur+ ! massacre1 are y sure t y did all y c\ld d z citiz5s & rul]s 9 ?is l& to see ev5-h&$ ju/ice dealt out betwe5 ! corrupt ,gov]nm5t ag5cies & /orekeep]s1 & ! helpless ,indians8 ,_h ^! la/ no j & reasonable gr\nd ( compla9t8 compla9t ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 compla9t ( ! delays 9 _! paym5t1 compla9t ( ! sw9dl+ ( ! /orekeep]s & trad]s8 ,!y _h sold _! l&s1 & gone away to _! res]vations4 ,b ! money = _! l&s--promis$ s fai?fully at su* a "t--:]e 0 t money8 ,non e/6 ,! ,indians dep5d$ on x1 tru/$ to ! c]ta9ty ( its com+ z ! sa9t tru/s 9 ! promises4 ,!y came = x--(t51 9 _! hi/ory1 9 ! dep? ( w9t]1 = hundr$ ( miles1 ?r\gh an inhospitable =e/2 _! wives1 *ildr51 & braves />v+--_m ( !m left beh9d 9 ! wild]ness to die2 _! only weapon made ( co>se nails1 la%$ ) wire1 & ?is !y call$ a gun b>rel1 & ) ?is !y kill$ :at game 0 kill$ by ! way4 ,?is did n happ5 9 ,m9nesota1 x is true2 b ev5ts z horrible & sick5+ z ?is did happ51 & br\ght ) !m consequ5ces m horrible /ill1 :i* w nev] be =gott5 :ile ! ,/ate exi/s or ! language la/s4 ,sc5es 7 enact$ at t ',l[] ,ag5cy' :i* 7 disgraceful to human nature1 & ! victims 7 inv>iably ! r$sk9s4 ,once :5 ,r$ ,iron came !re1 at ! summons1 or r aft] ! repeat$ summons ( ,gov]nor ,ramsay1 x turn$ out t ne>ly f\r hundr$ ?\s& doll>s ( ! ca% paym5t due to ! ,si\x1 "u ! treaties ( #ahea-'b1 7 paid to ! trad]s on old indebt$ness6 ,h[ mu* ( ?is enorm\s sum 0 really due to ! trad]s x is bootless n[ to inquire2 al?\gh x is pretty c]ta91 f :at we "k ( simil> transactions1 t n a tw5tie? "p ( x 0 due to !m4 ,mr4 ,isaac ,v4 ,d4 ,he>d1 :o has writt5 a ',hi/ory ( ! ,si\x ,w> & ,massacres ( #ahfb & #ahfc1' :o is an old resid5t ( ,m9nesota ( twelve ye>s' /&+1 act$ ) ,g5]al ,sibley 9 8 exp$ition aga9/ ! savages 9 #ahfb1 & 0 record] ( ! milit>y commission :i* tri$ "s f\r hundr$ ( ! p>ticipants 9 ! outbreak--has n be5 det]r$ by ! j hatr$ :i* ! ,m9nesota p nurture aga9/ ! ,indians1 & :i* !y w keep hot until _! rifles h ext]m9at$ ! :ole brood ( !m1 f say+ a brave ^w respect+ ! iniquities p]petrat$ by rascal p$dl]s & (ficial prigs aga9/ ! ,indians :i* 7 ! imm$iate causes ( ! massacre & ! subsequ5t w>s4 ,! ,indian 0 subject$ to all sorts ( frauds1 little & big--! small] ?ieves ?9k+ t !y also mu/ live1 no matt] at ^: exp5se1 al?\gh ,i demur to ! proposition4 ,:y %\ld !y /op at /eal+ a ?\s& or two1 m or less1 :ile t f\r hundr$ ?\s& sw9dle le]$ at !m s wick$ly ov] ! left %\ld]1 mock+ at all law & ju/ice1 & scot free f all puni%m5t8 ,^! 'trad]s' c\ld *>ge :at sums !y lik$ aga9/ ! ,indian1 & get !m too2 = !re 0 no "o to defeat or *eck _! rapacity4 ,mr4 ,he>d tells u t no less a sum ?an fifty-five ?\s& doll>s 0 claim$ by "o ,hugh ,tyl]1 z due to him by ! ,indians1 :5 ! great sw9dle j allud$ to 0 committ$2 & t he 0 paid out ( ! accru+ funds4 ,?is man 0 a /rang] 9 ! c\ntry1 an adv5tur]1 :o w5t out into ! wild]ness '= to seek 8 =tune2' & x is curi\s to read ! items ( :i* 8 little bill1 fifty-five ?\s&1 is compos$4 ,"h !y are3 ,= gett+ ! treaties ?r\gh ! ,s5ate2 = 'necess>y disbursem5ts' 9 secur+ ! ass5t ( ! *iefs4 ,v curi\s & in/ructive items !y are1 to all :o consid] !m4 ,to say no?+ ( ! corruption ( ! ,s5ate :i* ! fir/ item signifies1 if x has any mean+ at all1 !re is ! guilty record ( ! 'necess>y disbursem5ts1' or1 9 o!r words1 bribes1 paid to *iefs = betray+ _! c\ntry & _! race4 ,?is 0 a "p ( ! regul> ma*9]y ( ! ,ag5cies4 ,all _! plans 7 cut & dri$1 & !y _h m5 to c>ry !m out4 ,!y c\ld n /ir a peg )\t ! ass5t ( ! *iefs2 & :5 !y f\nd a man too noble to be a traitor1 !y got ! ,gov]nor to break him z a *ief1 & inve/ a m pliable1 accommodat+ r$sk9 ) 8 rank & title4 ,?r\gh ! influ5ce ( bad m51 & by ! =g+ ( ly+ docum5ts1 :i* ! ,indians c\ld n read1 & :i* 7 nev] int]pret$ to !m except to *eat !m z to _! cont5ts & mean+1 !y h always manag$ to get _! treaties sign$2 aft] :i* ! newly made *iefs c\ld n s mu* z take ! lib]ty to beg a pipe ( tobacco ( !m4 ,z a sample ( _! infam\s deal+s1 we take ! foll[+ exc]pt f ,mr4 ,he>d's book1 page #da3 ',9 #aheg1 a trad]1 pret5d+ t he 0 gett+ !m to sign a p[] ( attorney to get back ! money :i* _h gone to ! trad]s "u ! treaty ( #ahea & #aheb1 obta9$ _! signatures to v\*]s1 by :i* he sw9dl$ !m out ( #ab1jjj4 ,%ortly aft]1 ?is trad] secur$ ! paym5t ( #d1ejj = goods :i* he claim$ 7falsely1 x is said7 to h be5 /ol54 ,ab\t ! same "t a man 9 ,si\x ,city 0 all[$ a claim ( #e1jjj = horses1 :i* he also alleg$ to h be5 /ol54 ',9 #aheh1 ! *iefs 7 tak5 to ,wa%+ton1 & agre$ to treaties = ! cession ( all _! res]vations nor? ( ! ,m9nesota1 = :i*1 z ratifi$ by ! ,s5ate1 !y 7 to h #aff1jjj2 b ( ?is am\nt !y nev] receiv$ a p5ny until f\r ye>s aft]w>d1 :5 #ae1jjj1 9 goods1 7 s5t to ! ,l[] ,si\x1 & ^! 7 d$uct$ out ( :at 0 due !m "u =m] treaties4 ,! ,indians1 discov]+ ! fraud1 refus$ to receive !m = sev]al weeks1 & only cons5t$ to take !m aft] ! ,gov]nm5t _h agre$ to rectify ! matt]4 ,mo/ ( ! l>ge am\nt due "u ^! treaties1 w5t into ! pockets ( trad]s1 ,gov]nm5t (ficials1 & sw9dl]s g5]ally4 ',! ,indians 7 griev\sly disappo9t$ ) _! b>ga9s1 & f t "t ! control ( affairs pass$ f ! *iefs--:o1 x 0 believ$1 _h be5 brib$--to ! "y m54 ,!y _h n[ ne>ly dispos$ ( all _! l&s1 & receiv$ sc>cely any?+ = !m4 ,!y 7 six ?\s& two hundr$ 9 numb]1 & _! annuities1 :5 paid 9 full1 7 h>dly fifte5 doll>s apiece4 ',_! suff]+s1' cont9ues ,mr4 ,he>d1 '7 (t5 sev]e1 especially dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ previ\s to ! massacres4' ,_! crops fail$ !m2 a heavy fall ( sn[1 late 9 ! season1 came to increase _! mis]ies1 & delay$ ! spr+ hunts4 ,! ,sissetons1 ( ,lac ,trav]se1 _h to eat _! horses & dogs--& at lea/ fifte5 hundr$ ( ! old m51 wom51 & *ildr5 _h to be support$ by ! ,gov]nm5t at an extra exp5se2 & ?is 0 s inadequately done t "s di$ ( />vation4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! iniquities is no new ?+ 9 ,indian affairs4 ,x is1 f fir/ to la/1 a record ( ! mo/ %ameless ly+ & fraud4 ,! ,ag5cy seems to h be5 e/abli%$ !re z a sort ( ,jona?an ,wild's %op1 = ! purpose ( c>ry+ on ! trade ( ?iev+4 ,:at did ^! /orekeep]s--:o cr$it$ ! ,indians = tobacco & rum1 = bread & beef1 = clo?+1 & su* o!r luxuries z !y _h come to reg>d z necess>ies--c>e = ! w9t] prospects ( ! wret*$ ,indians1 aft] !y _h l9$ _! pockets ) t f\r hundr$ ?\s& doll>s8 ,n a dime6 ,& :5 subsequ5tly x 0 f\nd t only half ! regul> ,gov]nm5t paym5t w\ld be h&$ ov] to ! ,indians dur+ ! next ye>1 ^! /orekeep]s--on ! ',wild' plan--n only refus$ to give !m cr$it = articles indisp5sable to life 9 ! wild]ness1 b insult$ !m to boot2 & ?is s exasp]at$ ! pr\d1 rev5geful nature ( ! ,indian1 t he rememb]$ x aft]w>d 9 _m a bloody murd] :i* he committ$1 & ! innoc5t suff]$ = ! guilty6 ,mr4 ,he>d acquits ! ,ag5cy1 & all connect$ ) x1 ( be+ 9 any way ! causes ( ?is outbreak4 ,b 8 own /atem5ts ( _! deal+ ) ! ,indians h>dly be> him out 9 8 judgm5t4 ,i d n mean to say t ! p ( ! ,l[] ,ag5cy 7 a :it worse 9 su* deal+s ?an ^? ( ! ,upp]1 or any o!r simil> ,ag5cy4 ,x is an und]/ood ?+1 & m]cilessly practis$1 t ! ,indian %all be fleec$ :5ev] ! :ite man has a *ance to fleece him4 ,x is ! law & ! gospel ( ^! ,ag5cies2 & we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be hoodw9k$ 9 ?is matt] by ! mi/ak5 humanity ( ,mr4 ,he>d4 ,& yet1 if we ?9k ( x1 !re c\ld n h be5 devis$ a m evil s*eme1 ei!r aga9/ ! natives or ! settl]s1 ?an ^! wellnigh irresponsible ,ag5cies4 ,f all p>ts ( ! ,union1 f e c\ntry ( ! ,old ,_w1 emigrants _h come to settle 9 ! beautiful ,m9nesota ,/ate2 !y _h built !mselves good1 sub/antial h\ses1 pl\gh$1 f5c$1 & plant$ _! ri* & prosp]\s f>ms1 conqu]$ ! savage wild]ness into bloom+ cornfields1 or*>ds1 & g>d5s--& "h 0 _! true ,el ,dorado6 :]e !y hop$ to live 9 peace1 pl5ty1 & security4 ,!y 7 n afraid ( ! savages1 b _! wont 0 to make fri5ds ( !m1 & to be _! fri5ds1 ent]ta9+ !m at _! homes :5 !y visit$ ! settlem5ts1 & do+ all !y c\ld--) "s exceptions--to p]petuate among !m a good feel+ & an intellig5t und]/&+4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t1 & 9 "s cases1 !y succe$$ 9 ?is /raight-=w>d diplomacy4 ,b ! pr$isposition ( ! r$s to enmity ) ! :ites 0 /ill !re1 slumb]+ only1 n eradicat$2 nor c\ld all ! k9dness & g5]osity ( ! :ole ,caucasian he>t1 heap$ ^u !m 9 ! mo/ lavi% pr(usion1 ev] root x out4 ,nature put x !re--,i wi% %e hadn't--= reasons ( h] own1 j z %e put murd] into ! cruel he>t & bra9 ( ! tig] 9 ! jungle4 ,!re 0 ?is 'orig9al s91' !re=e1 to cont5d aga9/ always1 )\t ref]5ce to any tangible causes or provocations4 ,all knew ?is4 ,all knew1 f ! y\nge/ to ! olde/1 t ! true policy ( ! :ites 0 to conciliate ! ,indians4 ,!y knew 8 inext+ui%able memory ( wrongs1 8 dreadful v5geance1 8 p[]1 & 8 con/ant opportunity to d irrep>able mis*ief4 ,&1 z ,i said1 ! settl]s 71 = ! mo/ "p1 anxi\s to smoke ! pipe ( peace & fri5d%ip ) him4 ,b :at 0 ! good ( all ?is8 ,:at1 ?9k y1 did x avail 9 ! c\ncils ( ! savages1 :5 !y sat ov] _! fires discuss+ _! wrongs & prospects8 ,:at ! good-he>t$ settl]s did 9 ! way ( reconciliation & good w 0 undone a ?\s&fold at ! ,ag5cy4 ,x is true t ! ,ag5cy _h become necess>y to ! subsi/5ce ( ! ,indian1 & t ?is fact made him be> mu* :i*1 "u o!r circum/ances1 he w\ld in/antly h res5t$ & puni%$4 ,b !y well knew h[ !y 7 robb$2 & :5 did a wrong ( t1 or any sort1 pass mu/] ^u ! ,indian's roll ( v5geance8 ,e fraud aga9/ an ,indian1 e lie told him1 e brok5 promise1 e wor?less article sold to him at ! ,ag5cy1 0 m ?an a set-(f to any act ( k9dness %[n to him by ! settl]s4 ,add to ^! local crimes1 ! great error ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9 unduly )hold+ ! ,indian paym5t = _! l&s--& y h ! ,indian's casus belli1 ! gr\nds1 or "s ( !m1 on :i* he ju/ifi$ himself to 8 own bloody & remorseless consci5ce1 = 8 inhuman de$s6 ,= ! ,indian beeps a consci5ce1 su* z x is2 b ( a tru?1 bett] no consci5ce ?an an ,indian's consci5ce6 ,x is l an appeal to hell1 "o's appeal to ?is6 all ! accurs$ passions imprison$ !re com+ up f _! limbos1 _! eyes gl>+ ) ! malice ( in]adicable hate1 & blood%ot ) murd]1 to support ! consci5ce1 & /r5g!n its resolution = an unspeakable v5geance4 ,b1 aft] all1 ?is poor devil is really to be piti$ = 8 ignorance & brutality1 & z really to be kill$ )\t m]cy4 ,he is 9 ! way ( civilization1 & mu/ g to ! wall4 ,i f9d t ,nature h]self is utt]ly pitiless2 t %e c>es nei!r = :ite nor r$1 nor = any o!r color or p]son1 b1 l a horrible1 cra%+ c> ( ,jugg]naut1 %e rolls /eadily =w>d1 a/ride ! inevitable ma*9]y1 cru%+ all :o oppose h]4 ,b ?is digression is no apology1 9 ! matt] ( its argum5t1 = ! ,indian ,ag5ts1 :o mu/ h be5 aw>e1 long be=e ! outbreak took place1 t _! frauds 7 fa/ culm9at+ 9 ! ,indian m9d1 & t e fre% wrong !y did to !m 0 only br++ ne>] by a /ep ! indiscrim9ate massacre ( ! settl]s4 ,!re 7 o!r causes1 h[ev]1 besides ^!1 to enrage & madd5 !m1 :i* mu/ n be lo/ sight (4 ,our ,gov]nm5t _h prohibit$ _! sangu9>y w>s ^u ! ,*ippewas1 & !y reg>d$ ?is z an act ( wanton tyranny4 ,!y 7 br$ 9 ! fai? t w> is ! true condition ( an ,indian man1 & t peace 0 made = wom5 & *ildr54 ,w> 0 ! only outlet = _! p[]1 ! only field 9 :i* !y c\ld di/+ui% !mselves & w9 immortal r5[n4 ,all ! great k+doms ( k & lit]ature 7 %ut aga9/ !m z ) walls ( brass4 ,!y c\ld n read or write1 & _! leisure 0 pass$ 9 idle gossip1 or 9 delib]ations on inf]nal s*emes aga9/ ! :ite man to rev5ge !mselves = _! wrongs4 ,x 0 n a wise ?+ to d1 ,i ?9k2 al?\gh1 no d\bt1 x 0 humane en\gh1 z we und]/& humanity4 ,did n ! 'dragons ( ! prime te> o!r 9 _! slime1' & s ?9 out ! horrible race1 until ,nature h]self put ! f9al claws ( annihilation ^u !m8 ,:y1 9 m]cy1 !n1 d we try to prev5t ! inevitable8 ,w> is a great cle>] ( ! atmosph]e2 & "o ( our poets1 ,col]idge1 ,i believe1 says t ',c>nage is ,god's daught]'6 a bold figure ( rhetoric1 n )\t its app>5tly suffici5t apologies4 ,:y n let ! ,si\x & ,*ippewas1 or any o!r ( ! wild1 irreclaimable brood1 fight _! bloodie/1 & d _! prettie/ to help ,nature1 :o seems b5t on ! ext]m9ation ( all inf]ior races8 ,!y h got to die1 any way6--t is a great consolation6--& if ! philan?ropi/s at ,wa%+ton _h only left !m to !mselves1 !y w\ld h di$ by mutual slaught]--great numb]s ( !m--long ago1 & sav$ said philan?ropi/s f ! crime ( kill+ !m1 :i* !y are n[ do+1 by in*es6--a f> m cruel way ( dy+4 ,i 0 mu* pleas$1 :5 la/ summ] !y 7 upbraid$ = do+ a little w> aga9/ ! ,*ips1 9 spite ( ,wa%+ton1 ) ! s>ca/ic reply ( a *ief1 :o said3 ',our ,great ,fa!r1 we "k1 has always told u x 0 wrong to make w>2 yet n[ he himself is mak+ w>1 & kill+ a great _m4 ,w y expla9 ?is to u8 ,we d n und]/& x6' ,?is 0 a hit1 a palpable hit1 let :o w reconcile x4 ,mr4 ,he>d gives u ! foll[+ brief /atem5t ( ! mann] 9 :i* treaties are made ) ! ,indians2 & ,i e>ne/ly call ! att5tion ( ! ,gov]nm5t & all j citiz5s to its /atem5ts4 ,he says3 ',! trad]s1 kn[+ = ye>s be=e1 t ! :ites w pur*ase l&s1 sell ! ,indians goods on cr$it1 expect+ to realize _! pay f ! consid]ation to be paid by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,!y ?us become int]e/$ in/rum5ts to obta9 ! cons5t ( ! ,indians to ! treaty4 ,& by reason ( _! famili>ity ) ! language1 & ! associations ( half-bre$ relatives1 are possess$ ( great facilities to accompli% _! object4 ,! p]sons deput$ by ! ,gov]nm5t to effect a treaty are compell$ to procure _! coop]ation1 & ?is !y d by provid+ t _! debts %all be paid4 ,! trad]s obta9 ! concurr5ce ( ! ,indians by refus+ to give !m fur!r cr$it1 & by repres5t+ to !m t !y w receive an imm5se am\nt ( money if !y sell _! l&s1 & !nce=? w live at ease1 ) pl5ty to eat1 & pl5ty to we>1 & pl5ty ( p[d] & lead1 & ( :atev] else !y may reque/4 ,aft] ! treaty is agre$ to1 ! am\nt ( ready money is absorb$ by ! exorbitant dem&s ( ! trad]s1 & ! exp5ses ( ! removal ( ! ,indians to _! res]vations6 ',aft] t ! trad] no long] looks to ! ,indian = 8 pay2 he gets x f _! annuities4 ,he1 !re=e1 does n use ! same means to conciliate _! good w t he did :5 he 0 dep5d5t ^u _! hone/y4 ,claims = depr$ations ^u :ite settl]s are also d$uct$ out ( _! moneys be=e !y leave ,wa%+ton1 on insuffici5t te/imony2 & ^! are always1 :5 bas$ on fact1 d\ble ! actual loss2 = ! ,indian ,dep>tm5t is notori\sly corrupt1 & ! h& manipulat+ ! ma*9]y mu/ be cross$ ) gold6 ,! 'exp5ses' ( obta9+ a claim ent] into ! am\nt dem&$ & all[$4 ,! dem& is n only g5]ally unju/1 b1 in/ead ( its be+ d$uct$ f ! moneys ( ! wrong do]1 x is tak5 f ! annuities ( all6 ,?is c\rse puni%es ! innoc5t & rew>ds ! guilty1 because ! prop]ty tak5 by ! depr$ator is ( m value ?an ! slight p]c5tage he loses4 ',_m ( ! /ipulations z to e/abli%+ s*ools & furni%+ !m ) f>m+ ut5sils1 are nev] c>ri$ out4 ,build+ & supply contracts are ent]$ into )\t inve/igation at outrage\s prices1 & goods belong+ to ! ,indians are put into ! trad]s' /ores1 & sold to _! own]s1 & ! moneys realiz$ %>$ by ! trad] & ! ,ag5t6' ,bi%op ,:ipple1 ( ,m9nesota1 9 8 appeal = ! r$ man1 confirms ?is /atem5t beyond d\bt or "q3 ',!re is n a man 9 ,am]ica1' he says1':o ev] gave an h\r's calm reflection to ?is subject1 :o does n "k t our ,indian sy/em is an organiz$ sy/em ( robb]y1 & has be5 = ye>s a disgrace to ! nation4 ,x has left savage m5 )\t ,gov]nm5tal control2 x has look$ on unconc]n$ at e crime aga9/ ! laws ( ,god & man2 x has fo/]$ savage life by wa/+ ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 ! pur*ase ( pa9t1 beads1 scalp+ knives1 & tomahawks2 x has fo/]$ a sy/em ( trade :i* robb$ ! ?rifty & virtu\s to pay ! debts ( ! indol5t & vici\s2 x has squ&]$ ! funds = civilization & s*ools2 x has conniv$ at !ft2 x has w9k$ at murd]2 & at la/1 aft] dragg+ ! savage d[n to a bruti%ness unkn[n to 8 fa!rs1 x has br\ght a h>ve/ ( blood to our door6' ,! ,bi%op cont9ues3 ',x 0 "u ?is ,indian sy/em t ! fi]ce1 w>like ,si\x 7 fitt$ & tra9$ to be ! actors 9 ?is bloody drama1 & ! same causes are to-day1 sl[ly b surely1 prep>+ ! way = a ,*ippewa w>4 ,!re is n1 to-day1 an old citiz5 ( ,m9nesota :o w n %rug 8 %\ld]s z he speaks ( ! di%one/y :i* accompani$ ! pur*ase ( ! l&s ( ! ,si\x4 ,x left 9 savage m9ds a deep s5se ( inju/ice4 ,!n1 foll[$ t5 ye>s ( savage life1 un*eck$ by law1 un9flu5c$ by good example4 ,!y 7 taught by :ite m5 t ly+ 0 no disgrace1 adult]y no s91 & !ft no crime4 ,_! hunt+ gr\nds 7 gone2 ! onw>d m>* ( civilization cr[d$ !m on e side4 ,_! only possible hope ( be+ sav$ f />vation 0 ! fidelity ) :i* a great nation fulfill$ its plight$ fai?1 :i* be=e ,god & man x _h pl$g$ to its hea!n w>ds4 ,! p "h1 on ! bord]1 & ! rul]s at ,wa%+ton1 "k h[ t fai? has be5 brok54 ',! con/ant irritations ( su* a sy/em w\ld1 9 "t1 h secur$ an ,indian massacre4 ,x 0 ha/5$ & precipitat$ by ! sale ( ne>ly eight hundr$ ?\s& acres ( l&1 = :i* !y nev] receiv$ "o f>?+2 = x 0 all absorb$ 9 claims6 ,!n came ! /ory 7& x 0 true7 t half ( _! annuity money _h also be5 tak5 = claims4 ,!y wait$ two mon?s1 mad1 exasp]at$1 hungry--! ,ag5t utt]ly p[]less to undo ! wrong committ$ at ,wa%+ton--& !y resolv$ on savage v5geance4 ,= e doll> ( :i* !y h be5 defraud$ we %all pay t5 doll>s 9 ! co/ ( ! w>4 ,x has be5 s = fifty ye>s2 x w be s aga94 ,god's retributive ju/ice always has compell$ a p to reap exactly :at !y h p]mitt$ to be s[n6' ,^! extracts f ! ,bi%op's ,plea confirm :at ,i h /at$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraphs2 & ! la/ s5t5ce--:i* ,i h m>k$ 9 italics--is well wor? ! :ile ( e read] to pond] well4 ,mr4 ,he>d dates ! comm5cem5t ( ! massacre to ! break+ ( a /ray ne/ ( h5's eggs on ! prairie1 & :at came ( ! transaction2 b ! date lies f>!r back ?an t1 s f> z ! resolution to seize ! fir/ favorable opportunity = slaught]+ ! :ites is conc]n$--& belongs to ! era ( ! great crimes ( our ,gov]nm5t aga9/ !m1 z %[n 9 ! =cible seizure ( _! l&s )\t _! receiv+ any paym5t1 ev5 'a f>?+' = !m2 ! huck/]s1 "u ! connivance ( ! ,gov]nm5t ag5ts1 gett+ ! :ole ( x1 &1 9 ! in/ance allud$ to a :ile ago1 keep+ back f !m1 z paym5t = old debts1 ab\t ?ree hundr$ boxes ( ! money ^u :i* !y _h dep5d$ to keep !mselves alive dur+ ! w9t] & ! foll[+ ye>4 ,su* enorm\s crimes 7 sure to reap a bloody h>ve/4 ,! ,indian is no fool1 al?\gh he c't d addition & subtraction4 ,he kn[s :5 he is ab\t fairly dealt )1 & he kn[s :5 he is mightily pluck$4 ,9 ?is case ( ! 'old debt paym5t' he knew t he 0 robb$ :olesale1 & ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,r$ ,iron he proclaim$ ! fact to ,gov]nor ,ramsey1 9 c\ncil assembl$4 ,allud+ to ?is robb]y1 he said3 ',we don't ?9k we owe !m s mu*4 ,we want to pay all our debts4 ,we want our ,great ,fa!r to s5d ?ree good m5 "h1 to tell u h[ mu* we d owe2 & :atev] !y say1 we w pay2 & 7po9t+ to ! ,indians7 t's :at all ^! braves say2 our *iefs & all our p say ?is6' ,at :i* all ! ,indians pres5t respond$3 ',ho6 ho6' ,?is ,r$ ,iron 0 ! pr9cipal *ief ( ! ,sissetons1 & 8 indignation at ! wrongs done to 8 race made him s 'boi/]\s' t ,gov]nor ,ramsey 0 imprud5t en\gh to break him ( 8 *iefta9%ip4 ,! sc5e & its results 7 by no means cr$itable to ! ,gov]nor4 ,?is latt] p]sonage _h summon$ ,r$ ,iron to meet him at a c\ncil1 held ,decemb]1 #aheb1 & he did n turn up z expect$4 ,s1 ,i suppose1 he 0 s5t =1 & br\ght 9 by ! soldi]s4 ,he is describ$ by "o :o 0 pres5t1 z ab\t =ty ye>s old1 tall & a?letic2 six feet high 9 8 moccasons1 ) a l>ge1 well-develop$ head1 aquil9e nose1 ?91 compress$ lips1 & physiognomy beam+ ) intellig5ce & resolution4 ,he 0 clad 9 ! half milit>y1 half ,indian co/ume ( ! ,dacotah *iefs1 z he sat 9 ! c\ncil room2 & no "o greet$ or notic$ him4 ,a v poor piece ( rev5ge6 ,9 a few m9utes ! ,gov]nor1 turn+ to ! *ief 9 ! mid/ ( a brea?less sil5ce1 by ! aid ( an int]pret]1 op5$ c\ncil4 ,! ,gov]nor ask$ ! *ief :at excuse he _h = n com+ to ! c\ncil :5 he s5t = him4 ,:]eupon ,r$ ,iron rose to 8 feet1 ') native grace & dignity1' says ,mr4 ,he>d1 8 blanket fall+ f 8 %\ld]s1 &1 purposely dropp+ ! pipe ( peace1 he /ood erect be=e ! ,gov]nor1 ) 8 arms fold$ & 8 "r h& press$ ^u ! %ea? ( 8 scalp+ knife4 ,) ! utmo/ coolness & self-possession1 a defiant smile play+ ^u 8 ?9 lips1 & 8 eyes /]nly fix$ ^u 8 excell5cy1 ! ,indian1 ) a firm voice1 repli$3 ',i />t$ to come1 b y\r braves drove me back4' ,,gov]nor4 ',:at excuse h y = n com+ ! second "t :5 ,i s5t = y8' ,,r$ ,,iron4 ',no o!r excuse ?an ,i h giv5 y4' ,,gov]nor4 ',at ! treaty1 ,i ?\ght y a good man2 b s9ce1 y h act$ badly1 & ,i am dispos$ to break y4 ,i d break y4' ,r$ ,iron look$ at ! ,gov]nor = a mom5t ) a look ( )]+ contempt & scorn1 & !n bur/ out 9 a voice full ( d]isive mock]y4 ,,r$ ,,iron4 ',y break me6 ,my p made me a *ief4 ,my p love me4 ,i w /ill be _! *ief4 ,i h done no?+ wrong4' ,,gov]nor4 ',r$ ,iron1 :y did y get y\r braves toge!r1 & m>* ar\nd "h = ! purpose ( intimidat+ o!r *iefs1 & prev5t _! com+ to c\ncil8' ,,r$ ,,iron4 ',i did n get my braves toge!r2 !y got !mselves toge!r1 to prev5t boys go+ to c\ncil to be made *iefs to sign pap]s1 & to prev5t s+le *iefs go+ to c\ncil at night1 to be brib$ to sign pap]s = money we h nev] got4' ,& !n ! inexorable fell[ cont9u$1 )\t any reg>d to 8 excell5cy's n]ves or consci5ce3 ',we h he>d h[ ! ,m',dewakantons 7 s]v$ at ,m5dota2 t by secret c\ncils y got _! names on pap]1 & took away _! money4 ,we don't want to be s]v$ s4 ,my braves want$ to come to c\ncil 9 ! daytime1 :5 ! sun %9es2 & we want no c\ncils 9 ! d>k4 ,we want all our p to g to c\ncil toge!r1 s t we c all "k :at is done4' ,! ,gov]nor is no?+ aba%$ at ^! damag+ *>ges1 b returns once m to ! assault4 ,,gov]nor4 ',:y did y attempt to come to c\ncil ) y\r braves1 :5 ,i _h =bidd5 y\r braves com+ to c\ncil8' ,to :i* ,r$ ,iron1 ) ! same ma/]ful1 defiant smile ^u 8 '?9 lips1' answ]s3 ,,r$ ,,iron4 ',y invit$ ! *iefs only1 & w\ld n let ! braves come too4 ,?is is n ! way we h be5 treat$ be=e2 ?is is n accord+ to our cu/oms2 = among ,dacotahs1 *iefs & braves g to c\ncil toge!r4 ,:5 y fir/ s5t = u !re 7 two or ?ree *iefs "h1 & we wait$1 & we want$ to wait till ! re/ w\ld come1 t we might all be 9 c\ncil toge!r1 & "k :at 0 done1 & s t we might all und]/& ! pap]s1 & "k :at we 7 sign+4 ,:5 we sign$ ! treaty1 ! trad]s ?rew a blanket ov] our faces1 & d>k5$ our eyes2 & made u sign pap]s :i* we did n und]/&1 & :i* 7 n expla9$ or read to u4 ,we want our ,great ,fa!r at ,wa%+ton to "k :at has be5 done4' ,?is la/ spee*--^: words hit l bullets--made ! ,gov]nor w9ce1 & he repli$1 ) m %>pness ?an wit3 ,,gov]nor4 ',y\r ,great ,fa!r has s5t me to repres5t him2 & :at ,i say1 he says4 ,he wants y to pay y\r old debts1 9 accordance ) ! pap]s y sign$ :5 ! treaty 0 made' ':i* we did n und]/&2 :i* 7 nev] read nor expla9$ to u2 :i* we 7 =c$ to sign1' z ,r$ ,iron _h j told ! ,gov]nor64 ',y mu/ leave t money 9 my h&s to pay ^? debts4 ,if y refuse to d t1 ,i w take ! money back4' ,! ,gov]nor 0 gett+ deep] & deep] into ! pit :i* he _h dug = ! ,indian4 ,?is la/ spee* 0 mo/ unhappy & impolitic = ! side he 0 advocat+4 ,x put dreadful weapons into ! h&s ( ,r$ ,iron1 :i* ! crafty 'old man eloqu5t' did n fail to use aga9/ 8 antagoni/4 ,he makes ?is manly answ]1 n at all aba%$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! *ief magi/rate3 ,,r$ ,,iron4 ',y c take back y\r money6 ,we sold our l& to y1 & y promis$ to pay u4 ,if y don't give u ! money1 ,i w be glad1 & all our p w be glad2 = we w h our l& back if y don't give u ! money4 ,t pap] 0 n int]pret$ or expla9$ to u4 ,we are told x gives ab\t ?ree hundr$ boxes 7#cjj1jjj7 ( our money to "s ( ! trad]s6 ,we don't ?9k we owe !m s mu*4 ,we want to pay all our debts4 ,we want our ,great ,fa!r to s5d ?ree good m5 "h to tell u h[ mu* we d owe1 & :atev] !y say1 we w pay2 & 7po9t+ to ! ,indians7 t's :at all ^! braves say4 ,our *iefs & all our p say ?is4' ,& ! ,indians respond$ ) ! usual ',ho6 ho6' ( acquiesc5ce4 ,b ! ,gov]nor don't see x4 ,a poor devil ( an ,indian1 accord+ to 8 ,*ri/ian conviction1 ought to be cont5t to pay unaudit$1 untax$ bills1 :]e9 ! m>g9 is broad en\gh = any sc\ndrel to d 8 robb]ies by t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,s 8 excell5cy told ,r$ ,iron3 ,,gov]nor4 ',t c't be done6' ,nay1 m conf\nd+ & appall+ /ill1 he add$3 ',y owe m ?an y\r money w pay1 & ,i am ready n[ to pay y\r annuity1 & no m2 & :5 y are ready to receive x1 ! ,ag5t w pay x4' ,r$ ,iron replies 9 a spee* full ( pa?os3 ,,r$ ,,iron4 ',we w receive our annuity1 b we w sign no pap]s = any?+ else4' ,y've sw9dl$ u en\gh1 li$ to u deep en\gh already1 & we h no belief 9 y\r words or agreem5ts4 ',! sn[ is on ! gr\nd1 & we h be5 wait+ a long "t to get our money4 ,we are poor2 y h pl5ty4 ,y\r fires are w>m2 y\r tepees 7wigwams1 t5ts7 keep out ! cold4 ,we h no?+ to eat4 ,we h be5 wait+ a long "t = our moneys4 ,our hunt+ season is pa/4 ,a great _m ( our p are sick = be+ hungry4 ,we mu/ die because y won't pay u4 ,we may die6 b if we d' hold on1 read]6 no curses on ! :ite m5 are com+ next1 z "o might naturally expect1 ei!r f ,*ri/ian or hea!n orator1 "u ! circum/ances6--'b if we d1' he cont9ues1 'we w leave our bones on ! gr\nd1 t our ,great ,fa!r may see :]e 8 ,dacotah *ildr5 di$6' ,he has se5 _m su* %ambles1 ,o ?\ eloqu5t ,indian6 eloqu5t to e>s ( fl9t & he>ts ( granite6 & ,i nev] he>d t ! ',great ,fa!r' ev] %$ a s+le te> ov] !m4 ,he goes on3 ',we are v poor4 ,we h sold our hunt+ gr\nds1 & ) !m ! graves ( our fa!rs4 ,we h sold our own graves4' ,out ( all ^? hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( acres1 n six feet ( e>?1 :i* !y c\ld call _! own1 left = any "o ( !m6 ',we h no place to bury our dead1 & y w n pay u ! money = our l&s4' ,i give ?is int]view1 & :at transpir$ !re1 z a sample ( ! treatm5t :i* ! ,indians 7 9 ! habit ( receiv+ at ! h&s bo? ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t & ! ,/ate au?orities4 ,n ! wise/ k9d ( treatm5t1 "o w\ld ?9k1 ?is :i* ,r$ ,iron receiv$1 tak+ all ! circum/ances into acc\nt4 ,! read] w be surpris$1 h[ev]1 t ,gov]nor ,ramsey1 n cont5t ) 'break+' ! *ief1 z he call$ x--! greate/ di%onor :i* he c\ld inflict ^u an ,indian ( rank--s5t him1 :5 ! c\ncil broke up1 to ! gu>d h\se1 "u an escort ( soldi]s6 ,?is impolitic (ficial ought to h rememb]$ t ! fire 0 ev5 !n ready = ! k9dl+1 :i* f9ally bur/ out 9 su* fe>ful deva/ation ov] 8 devot$ ,/ate2 t x 0 en\gh to h *eat$ ! ,indians1 )\t ?us inflam+ _! already excit$ passions1 by heap+ s great an indignity ^u ! p]son ( _! *ief4 ,b he 0 reg>dless ( ev]y?+ except ! display ( 8 own p[] & au?ority4 ,no d\bt he ?\ght he 0 act+ = ! be/1 & t ! dirty r$sk9s ne$$ to be held ) a high h&4 ,b x 0 bad ?9k+ & do+1 nev]!less2 a mo/ %ortsight$ & fooli% policy1 :i* came wellnigh1 z x 01 to an ,indian outbreak4 ,! braves ( ,r$ ,iron retir$ "u ! lead]%ip ( ,lean ,be>1 a crafty fell[1 eloqu5t 9 8 way1 & n[ irreconcilably mad aga9/ ! :ites2 & :5 he _h l$ !m ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f ! c\ncil h\se1 !y set up a simultane\s yell1 ! ga!r+ signal ( ! ,dacotah4 ,ere ! e*oes di$ away1 ,indians 7 hurry+ f _! tepees t[>d !m1 prep>$ = battle4 ,!y proce$$ to an em95ce ne> ! camp1 :]e m\ld]$ ! bones ( _m w>riors4 ,x 0 ! memorable battle gr\nd :]e _! ance/ors _h f\ght1 9 a ,wat]loo conflict1 ! w>like ,sacs & ,foxes1 !reby pres]v+ _! l&s & nationality4 ,a m favorable occasion1 a m fitt+ locality = ! display ( eloqu5ce :i* %\ld k9dle ! blood ( ! ,indian into rag+ fire1 & p]suade him to any ! mo/ mon/r\s & inhuman de$s1 c\ld n h be5 *os5 ev5 by ,indian sagacity4 ,an old battle gr\nd1 :]e ! ,si\x _h be5 victori\s ov] _! enemies2 ! :it5$ bones ( ! gha/ly skeletons ( _! ance/ors :o f\ght ! battle1 blea*+ on ! turf1 or call+ to !m f _! graves bel[ to take ,god's v5geance 9 _! own h&s2 ! memory ( ! old & new wrongs inflict$ ^u !m by ! :ites2 ! infuriat+ insult j (f]$ to _! favorite *ief--all conspir$ ) ! orator's cunn+ to give edge to 8 eloqu5ce & ob$i5ce to 8 comm&s4 ,gov]nor ,ramsey has a good deal to ?ank ,god =1 t1 /imulat$ by ,lean ,be>'s rhetoric1 ! ,si\x did n t night attack ! :ites1 & make an indiscrim9ate slaught] ( ! population1 z !y w\ld h done1 if x _h n be5 = ! fri5dly ,indians & half bre$s4 ,p]haps he ?\ght he 0 /rong en\gh1 = ! h\r1 to defeat !m 9 any attempt at an outbreak4 ,b x is n /r5g? s mu* z /rategy :i* is ne$$ 9 ,indian w>f>e4 ,to :ip ! ,indians1 we mu/ become ,indians 9 our plan & conduct ( battle4 ,! civilization & ma!matics ( w>1 z practis$ by cultivat$ p1 are useless 9 ! wild]ness1 & all our pr\d & boa/$ tactics are m]e fooli% toy+ & trifl+--a wa/e ( "t1 /r5g?1 & opportunity4 ,no "o d\bts t if our troops c\ld meet ! ,indians 9 op5 field1 !y w\ld slaught] !m l rats2 b !y "k bett] ?an to be caught on ! op5 field1 except !y are pretty sure ( an advantage4 ,!y /eal ^u y l ?ieves1 %od ) moccasons :i* h no s\nd2 !y ?9k x equally brave to %oot a man f beh9d a tree z to sabre him 9 a h&-to-h& enc\nt]4 ,x is dreadful to contemplate :at an inc>nate fi5d we h r\s$ 9 ?is *eat$1 wrong$1 & despis$ ,indian4 ,i tremble to ?9k ( x4 ,i tremble :5 ,i rememb] also :at ,bi%op ,:ipple says 9 ! ',plea1' f :i* ,i h already quot$2 !y are words :i* ought to be ?und]$ cont9ually into ! e>s ( ! ',great ,fa!r1' until he compels a total revolution 9 our ,indian affairs--words :i* all settl]s 9 ^? regions %\ld keep =ev] pres5t 9 _! m9ds2 &1 ) ! ,m9nesota massacres /ill fre% 9 _! memory1 !y %\ld be taught by !m nev] = a mom5t to tru/ an ,indian1 & nev] kn[+ly to give him j cause = compla9t2 to g always arm$2 to organize1 9 t[ns1 di/ricts1 & c\nties1 ! yeom5 ( ! soil1 :o mu/ be ready at any mom5t1 by night or day1 to meet ! trea*]\s1 ubiquit\s enemy4 ,^! la/ w be f\nd ( m value ?an ! '?und]+' sugge/ion conta9$ 9 ! fir/ ( ^! precaution>y propositions4 ,= x is ^u !mselves t !y mu/ *iefly rely = def5ce1 ^! hapless settl]s6 & ^u no ,gov]nm5t1 & no soldi]s4 ,?9k ( x1 our ',great ,fa!r' at ,wa%+ton6 & y1 8 unruly *ildr51 y ,s5ators & ,congressm56 ,"o ( y\r mo/ loyal citiz5s 9 ! ,/ate ( ,m9nesota1 a ,*ri/ian bi%op1 well acqua9t$ ) all ! facts1 ! dodges1 lies1 frauds1 & all ! ins & outs ( y\r ,indian adm9i/ration1 decl>es1 ) ! fulle/ solemnity :i* 8 (fice & functions c give to words1 & ) ! voice1 n ( prophecy1 b ( logical d$uction1 t ! same causes :i* br\ght ab\t ! ,si\x massacre1 ',,are ,,to-,,day1 ,,sl[ly ,,b ,,surely1 ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,way ,,= ,a ,,*ippewa ,,w>6' ,:at a ,*ippewa w> means1 ^? :o did n "k 9 #ahfa1 f\nd out ?r\gh ! ,si\x 9 #ahfb & #ahfc1 to _! p]petual sorr[4 ,l ! ,b\rbons1 h[ev]1 our ,gov]nm5t ei!r _c or w n le>n lessons f exp]i5ce4 ,if !y 7 compell$ to be> ! p5alties ( _! neglect & wanton maladm9i/ration ( affairs 9 ! ,indian di/ricts1 ! loss w\ld be small & ! retribution j4 ,b !y sit at ease1 f> away f ! sc5e ( c>nage1 & 'get' no?+ b ! 'news1' :i* !y read z !y w\ld any o!r record ( human passion & depravity4 ,x is ! innoc5t settl]s :o pay ! p5alty = ! guilt & transgressions ( _! rul]s4 ,x is "t somebody1 or "s va/ numb]s1 b&$ z "o man1 began to ?9k ^u ?is ?reat5+ "q1 & to act ^u x4 ,x conc]ns ! fai? & honor ( ?is great republic be=e all ! _w1 t ! wrongs allud$ to %\ld be spe$ily right$4 ,we are n1 9 reality1 :at our ,indian legislation w\ld almo/ seem to accuse & convict u (1 a nation ( man-cat*]s1 bait+ our trap ) f9e f>ms1 & free gov]nm5t1 & happy homes1 & abundant prosp]ity ( all sorts1 t s we may inveigle ! simple m9d$1 & !n h& !m ov] to ! t5d] m]cies ( ! ,indians6 ,god =bid t su* crimes %\ld be ours6 ,b !re is a color+ ( tru? ab\t ! :ole programme4 ,we invite settl]s to populate our va/ & wellnigh b\ndless wild]ness1 promis+ !m protection f enemies abroad & a happy peace at home2 & 9 ! same brea? we *eat ! savages1 & /ir !m up to hatr$ & viol5ce aga9/ e :ite man1 woman1 & *ild 9 ! c\ntry4 ,?is is l prea*+ security & peace :ile y\r light$ mat* is appli$ to ! p[d] b>rel4 ,x is a logic :i* confutes itself1 & ne$s no sillygism to prove its ly+4 ,:y %\ld we n bravely & manfully1 ) all ! wisdom we possess1 confront & re=m ! evils & iniquities ( ?is sy/em8 ,x is a "p & p>cel ( ! "w committ$ to our *>ge1 t we %all wisely deal ) ?is p1 until ,god1 by ,8 own my/]i\s means & ag5cies1 removes !m f9ally f ! cont95t & ! planet4 ,!re is no room = ! r$ man :]e ! :ite man comes4 ,he mu/ give way4 ,x is de/9y1 & !re is no help = x4 ,he kn[s ?is z well z we d2 & he gnaws ! grim fact ) ! tee? ( ! hopeless damn$4 ,b :y imbitt] him ne$lessly aga9/ u1 aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t1 aga9/ ! p among :om he resides1 & ov] ^: de> lives & prop]ties he holds susp5d$ ! scalp+ knife & ! flam+ p9e br&8 ,we are unwor?y ( ! sov]eign possessions res]v$ = u f be=e ! f\ndations ( ! _w--mak+ ! title de$s1 !re=e1 unusually s\nd & wellnigh unque/ionable--if we _c deal l rational m5 ) ! hordes ( savages1 ^: l&s we h robb$ !m (1 :om we h r$uc$ to m]e p5sion]s ^u our caprice--n b\nty--& s satisfy !m & _! claims t ! bus9ess ( human life may be c>ri$ on safely 9 _! vic9ity & actual pres5ce4 ',:o art ?\ t sai? '!re is a lion 9 ! way'8 ,rise1 slugg>d1 & slay ! lion6 ,! road has to be travell$4' ,we are c]ta9ly n afraid ( any lion1 :e!r he be r$ or black2 &1 until lately1 bo? ^! mon/r\s r$ & black animals lay 9 ! direct pa? ( ! nation1 on :i* x mu/ travel or p]i%4 ,we h pretty well maul$ & knuckl$ ! black animal1 & wellnigh settl$ ) 8 keep]s1 "o & all6 b ?is r$ lion is ( a diff]5t sort1 & requires altoge!r ano!r k9d ( treatm5t4 ,we %all yet save ! bruis$ & ble$+ black to ! s]vice ( civilization & humanity4 ,he nev] 0 half a bad fell[ at ! bottom ( 8 leon9e b[els1 & he already takes to :ite civility & cu/oms1 l an educat$1 intellig5t1 & tru/y dog ( ! 'poor dog ,tray' sort6 ,& ,i1 = "o1 h m ?an a sneak+ affection = 8 old black mug1 & a _w ( hope 9 8 future behavior1 if we don't spoil him = ! field & = wat* & gu>d at home1 by our inf]nal 'culture1' z ! ?+ is call$4 ,is ?is r$ lion a m t]rible devil to combat1 or h>d] to trick into civility1 or m imp]vi\s to ! injunctions ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts8 ,i suppose x w be said t he is2 t ! black fell[ bolt$ ! :ole code at a gobble1 & wagg$ 8 tail1 z if ! feat mu/ surely please 8 new ma/]s2 t he _h long _h ! b5efit ( civiliz$ cook+1 & knew a g5tleman by 8 togg]y2 t1 moreov]1 he 0 ( a tea*able1 pla/ic nature1 & 0 meant to lie d[n 9 due "t ^u ! he>? rug be=e ! fire1 9 any g5tleman's sitt+ room 9 ! l&4 ,x may be true4 ,i believe all ?is myself1 & a good deal m1 ab\t him2 & ,i take r5ew$ hope also = ?is great republic--:i* is ! hope ( ! _w6--t x has ?us1 at la/1 tam$ him1 & fitt$ him = exhibition ^u a nobl] !atre ?an t ( ,b>num4 ,b ! r$ lion1 y say1 is untamable--_c be dealt ) successfully by ! wit ( :ite m52 & t x is be/1 !re=e1 to rob him ( ! gold5 apples :i* he gu>ds1 & :i* are 8 only food1 & s />ve him out4 ,b y c't deal t way ) ! ,indian lion1 my fri5d1 )\t feel+ ! ta/e ( 8 claws4 ,y h tri$ x long en\gh4 ,bi%op ,:ipple says1 '= fifty ye>s'6 ,& ,i ask y h[ mu* ne>] are y to ! tam+ ( him n[1 ?an y 7 ^? 'fifty ye>s' ago8 ,e*o answ]s3 ',t's an impud5t "q6' & ,i reply1 s be x6 b y c't %uffle x (f 9 t way4 ,i h tri$ my h& at sugge/+ h[ imm95t dang]s1 calamities1 & horrors may ev5 yet be av]t$ f ! ,we/]n settlem5ts2 & if ^? :o urge t ju/ice %all be done to !m1 equal to t :i* we "h r5d]1 or try or pret5d to r5d] to ea* o!r--if ^? :o urge ?is are n li/5$ to n[1 _! plea w be rememb]$ :5 x is all too late1 & ?\s&s ( innoc5t p are aga9 murd]$1 & _! homes laid wa/e & desolate4 ,i aga9 say1 let no "o ?9k by ^! /atem5ts t ,i am mak+ a special plead+ = ! ,indians1 or t ,i sanction _! but*]ies4 ,god kn[s h[ f> all ?is is f my ?\ght or feel+6 ,i am a :ite man "r ?r\gh all ! inmo/ fibres ( my be+3 too :ite1 ,i (t5 fe>2 = ,i f9d my love ( race1 & pride ( blood & ance/ry1 (t5 encroa* too f> ^u ! prop] regions ( my humanity1 & ?reat5 to ble> my eyesight to ! fair claims ( ! inf]ior races4 ,b ,i h to d ) a ?\ghtful1 reflective1 &1 at ! bottom1 j & humane p2 & kn[+ ?is1 ,i felt safe1 or ne>ly s1 aga9/ all miscon/ruction1 9 ?is my attempt to %[ t ! late ,indian massacres 7 n in/igat$ m]ely & solely by ! passion ( ! ,indian = blood1 b t !y _h deep]1 broad]1 m tangible causes ?an ?is1 "s ( :i* ,i h briefly h9t$ at4 ,woe to !m by :om ^! but*]ies came6 ,woe also to !m :o1 kn[+ :at mu/ inevitably result f _! f\l deal+s1 cont9u$ to deal f\lly ) ! ,indian--until ! doomsday came6 ,i h n put 9 a s+le ti! ( ! evid5ce :i* ,i might adduce to prove my case4 ,x is ( no use appeal+ to ! high] p[]s = r$ress4 ',i am sick at he>t1' says ! good ,bi%op ,:ipple2 ',i fe> ! words ( "o ( our /atesm5 to me 7 true3 ',bi%op1 e ^w y say ( ?is ,indian sy/em is true2 ! nation kn[s x4 ,x is useless2 y w n be he>d4 ,y\r fai? is only l t ( ! man t /ood on ! bank ( ! riv]1 wait+ = ! wat] to run by1 t he might cross ov] dry%od6'' ,& !n he cont9ues1 ) solemn emphasis & pity3 ',all ,i h to say is ?is1 t if a nation1 trembl+ on ! br9k ( an>*y & ru91 is s dead t x w n he> a plea to r$ress wrongs :i* ! :ole p admit call = re=m1 ,god 9 m]cy pity u & our *ildr56' ,,buri$ ,,alive4 ,a ,dirge4 ,!re may be ?\ght1 ,?\gh no?+ sure1 yet mu* unhappily4 ,a docum5t 9 madness1 ?\ghts & remembrance fitt$4 ,deep1 deep 9 ! t5d] he>t ,make a grave = ! joys ( ! ,pa/6 ,let nev] a te> fall hot on _! bi]1 ,b hurry !m 9 z fa/ ,z we bury ! ,beautiful out ( our sight1 ,ere corruption & horror h sadd5$ our light4 ,deep1 deep 9 ! s9k+ he>t ,make a grave = ! dreams ( ! ,pa/6 ,let ! %rill cries ( pa9 /ill assail !e 9 va91 ,?\gh !y foll[ s wild & s fa/3 ,?r\gh ! fibres & s9ews1 & hot1 bloody dew ,let ! %>p /rokes fall pi]c+1 unceas+1 & true4 ,call1 call on ! fev]i% bra9 ,to br+ aid to ! gasp+ he>t6 ,to su/a9 its quick ?robs1 to suppress its fi]ce sobs1 ,z x mu/ ) its idols "p3 ,:ile ! ru?less spade 9 ! grave x has made ,hurries =ev] ! beautiful ,dead6 ,call1 call on ! tortur$ s\l ,to /& close by ! s9k+ he>t1 ,:ile ! n]v\s me% ( ! wri?+ fle%1 ,%udd]+ & %iv]+ 9 e "p1 ,its /range angui% r5ews z ! hot1 bloody dews ,foll[ ! track ( ! rude spade ?r\gh4 ,call1 call on ! gift$ bra9 ,to s5d on 9 ! fun]al tra9 ,h] fair *ildr5 enwr\ght f ! tissue ( ?\ght-- ,?\gh _! wail+ w all be 9 va9-- ,yet %r\d$ 9 robes ( fun]eal woe ,let !m move on to monotones1 solemn & sl[6 ,r\se1 r\se ! immortal s\l ,) its hopes & its visions s bright1 ,to s5d !m 9 ! tra9 ) ! ?\ghts ( ! bra91 ,?\gh _! ve/ure seem$ wov5 ( light1 ,to sigh1 wail1 & weep o'er ! pulse-rhy?m$ sleep ,( ! ,dead 9 _! liv+ urn6 ,heave1 heave ! weird sculptur$ /one2 ,press x deep on ! ?robb+ grave6 ,) a wild]+ moan leave ! ,buri$ alone ,9 _! tomb 9 ! quiv]+ he>t3 ,:ile x p\rs its wild blood 9 a hot lava flood ,r\nd its beautiful sepul*r$ ,dead4 ,b my ,god1 !y are n at re/6 ,c !y nei!r live nor die8 ,see1 !y wri! 9 _! ?robb+ grave6 ,:ile ! n]v\s me% ( ! quiv]+ fle% ,its /range angui% r5ews z ! hot1 bloody dews ,foll[ ! track ( my ,beautiful back ,z !y ru% into life aga91 ,br++ n\ght b a s5se ( pa96 ,we may bury deep ! ,pa/-- ,va9 is all our bitt] task6 ,x is ?robb+1 liv+ /ill1 = beyond all p[] to kill1 ,x c nev] f9d a re/ 9 a woman's /ormful brea/1 ,x c nev]1 nev] sleep rock$ by angui% wild & deep1 ,x c nev] quiet lie ) %rill sobs = lullaby2 ,& s9ce woman _c "p f ! idols ( h] he>t1 ,& z sev]$ life is ,hell = ! s\ls t love too well1 ,bett] f> ! t5d] =m ^: lorn life is only /orm1 ,) ! c(f9$ dead %\ld seek ,to lie d[n 9 a dreamless sleep-- ,& f9d re/ 9 ! du/ ) ! worm4 ,dig a quiet1 l[ly grave ,9 ! e>? :]e will[s wave6 ,r\nd ! burn+ angui% deep wrap ! cool+ w9d+ %eet1 ,%r\d ! *ildr5 ( ! bra91 & ! s\l's high-vision$ tra93 ,ah1 o'er ! sn[y sleep let no pity+ mortal weep1 ,= ! we>y seek repose ) ! worm6 ,creep+ p9es & mosses gr[ ,o'er ! fragile =m bel[6 ,violets1 bright-ey$ pansies wave o'er ! l[ly1 h>mless grave2 ,let ! butt]fly & bee all ! summ] flutt] free1 ,o'er ! fl[]s gr[n f a he>t :i* no wrongs c\ld ev] "p1 ,nor torture e'er remove f ! creatures ( its love2 ,) ! wild & fev]i% bra91 & ?\ght's bright b blight$ tra91 ,) /rong he>t1 b angui%$ s\l1 & pa9's weird & heavy dole-- ,let ! we>y1 tir$ =m1 ^: lo/ life 0 only /orm1 ,9 ! %r\d's pure sn[ ,f9d release f woe1 ,nor hope1 nor joy1 nor love x e'er aga9 w\ld "k6 ,,negro ,,troops4 ,!re 0 a "t n long s9ce :5 ! s]i\s consid]ation ( a "q l ?is w\ld h met ) little favor4 ,we rememb] see+1 9 ?is city ( ,new ,york1 "o g5ial ,octob] day1 n v _m ye>s ago1 a small company ( negro soldi]s4 ,!y 7 m>*+ 9 ,canal /reet1 n 9 ,broadway1 & seem$ to fe> mole/ation ev5 !re4 ,! writ] 0 a s*oolboy !n1 cadet 9 a milit>y s*ool 7"o ( ! fir/ e/abli%$ ( ^? excell5t in/itutions71 & _h1 ( c\rse1 a p>ticul> int]e/ 9 all milit>y matt]s4 ,s he /opp$ to look ^u ^! black soldi]s--m>*+ ) all ! m pride 7z x seem$ to him7 because !y m>*$ "u ! float+ folds ( ! />s & /ripes4 ,8 boy's he>t 0 /irr$ by ! spectacle1 & full ( a big emotion2 b ! fa%ion ( ! times ov]p[]$ ! g5]\s impulse1 & he treat$ ! negro soldi]s ) contempt4 ,?is 0 9 ! palmy days ( ! old rgime4 ,! /ifl+ ( t g5]\s impulse 0 "o ( ! glories ( ! old rgime4 ,n a decade ( ye>s w5t by1 & ! writ] /ood aga9 9 ! /reets ( ,new ,york city1 & saw ano!r sight ( negro soldi]s4 ,x 01 inde$1 & 9 all respects1 ano!r sight4 ,?is "t ! black m5 m>*$ 9 ,broadway2 ?is "t !y fe>$ no mole/ation4 ,x 0 a balmy day 9 spr+1 & ,god's sun%9e gli/5$ gladly f ! bright bayonets ( ,unit$ ,/ates black soldi]s4 ,:at a spectacle x 06 ,!re m>*$ ! retributive ju/ice ( ! nation--'c>ry+ ! flag & keep+ /ep to ! music ( ! ,union4' ,t m>* 0 a m>* ( triumph1 & its sublime wat*word 03 ',,lib]ty ,,& ,,union1 ,,n[ ,,& ,,=ev]1 ,,"o ,,& ,,insep>able6' ,:at a m>vell\s *ange 9 public op9ion6 ,n[1 negro companies are treat$ ) respect1 negro regim5ts are honor$2 because we honor ! def5d]s ( our national ensign1 :i* is ! repres5tative & symbol ( our national life4 ,! m5 :o jo9$ s gallantly 9 ! assault on ,port ,hudson2 :o fell s nobly at ,millik5's ,b5d1 9 repell+ ! attack ( m5 ^: blackness 0 n1 l !irs1 ( ! outside sk91 b ( a black]1 deep] dye1 ! blackness ( treason 9 _! inn] he>ts2 ! m5 ^: blood dr5*$ ! s&s ( ,morris ,isl&1 & made ,s\? ,c>ol9a m a sacr$ soil ?an x _h ev] be5 be=e1 because x 0 blood p\r$ out 9 def5ce ( ! nation's honor1 & to wa% out ! /a9 ( ,c>ol9a's di%onor2 ^! m5 _c be contemn$ n[4 ,!y h %[n !mselves noble m54 ,!y h made = !mselves a place 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 along ) _! fa!rs at ,new ,orleans1 & _! gr&fa!rs "u ,wa%+ton4 ,& ! rebel epitaph ( ! brave ,colonel ,%aw1 :o l$ !m unfl9*+ly aga9/ ! iron hail ( ,wagn]1 is no reproa*1 b a badge ( honor3 ',we h buri$ him "u 8 nigg]s4' ,s9ce t memorable assault1 ano!r ,/ate has witness$ ! patriotic gallantry ( ^! despis$ 'nigg]s2' & 9 ! fir/ ,virg9ia campaign ( ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ,grant1 negroes h borne an honorable "p4 ,!re is a division ( !m atta*$ to ! old n9? corps1 "u ,burnside1 9 ! pres5t organization ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,:ile t noble army 0 fight+ ! battles ( ! ,wild]ness1 ?is division 0 hold+ ! =ds ( ! ,rapid ,ann4 ,:5 ,grant swung 8 base away f ! riv]1 aft] ! disa/] to 8 "r w+1 & mov$ ^u ,lee's flank1 ! n9? corps1 ) its negro division1 held an honorable po/ 9 ! m>*+ column2 & at ,spottsylvania ,c\rt ,h\se ! correspond5ts tell u h[1 ) ! w> cry ( ,=t ,pill[ 9 _! m\?s1 ^! 'nigg]s' ru%$ valiantly to ! assault1 & elicit$ ! highe/ praise = _! /ead9ess & c\rage4 ,n less honorable is ! record ( ! negro troops atta*$ to ! cop]at+ ,army ( ! ,p59sula4 ,! ?ree extracts f (ficial despat*es1 :i* foll[1 %[ :at ! record is4 ,may #e?1 ,g5]al ,butl] telegraphs to ,secret>y ,/anton3 ',we h seiz$ ,wilson's ,:>f ,l&+4 ,a brigade ( ,wild's color$ troops are !re4 ,at ,p[hatan ,l&+ two regim5ts ( ! same brigade h l&$4' ,may #i?1 ,g5]al ,butl] telegraphs f ,b]muda ,l&+3 ',our op]ations may be summ$ up 9 a few words4 ,) sev5te5 hundr$ cavalry we h advanc$ up ! ,p59sula1 =c$ ! ,*ickahom9y1 & h safely br\ght !m to our pres5t position4 ,^! are color$ cavalry1 & are n[ hold+ position z our advance t[>d ,ri*mond4' ,may #be?1 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t ann\nc$1 9 a bullet91 t ',g5]al ,butl]1 9 a despat* dat$ at headqu>t]s 9 ! field1 at sev5 o'clock ?is morn+1 reports t ,major-,g5]al ,fitzhugh ,lee1 lately promot$1 made1 ) cavalry1 infantry1 & artill]y1 an attack ^u my po/ at ,wilson's ,:>f1 nor? side ( ,james ,riv]1 bel[ ,=t ,p[hatan1 g>rison$ by two regim5ts1 all negro troops1 ,brigadi]-,g5]al ,wild comm&+1 & 0 h&somely repuls$4 ,be=e ! attack1 ,lee s5t a flag1 /at+ t he _h =ce en\gh to take ! place1 dem&+ its surr5d]1 & 9 t case ! g>rison %\ld be turn$ ov] to ! au?orities at ,ri*mond z prison]s ( w>7672 b if ?is proposition 0 reject$1 he w\ld n be answ]able = ! consequ5ces :5 he took ! place4 ,g5]al ,wild repli$3 ',we w try t4' ,re9=cem5ts 7 at once s5t1 b ! fight 0 ov] be=e _! arrival4' ,x has be5 n unfrequ5tly said t negroes 7 c[>ds & w\ld n fight4 ,! be/ answ] t c be made to t *>ge is ! (ficial ord]1 h]eto annex$1 ( ,g5]al ',baldy' ,smi?4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,grant _h j accompli%$ ! transf] ( 8 army f ! swamps ( ! ,*ickahom9y to ! s\? side ( ! ,james ,riv]1 & _h imm$iately !reupon attack$ ! e>?works 9 front ( ,pet]sburg4 ,! "t 0 ,june--a mon? lat] ?an ! (ficial despat*es f ,butl] already quot$3 ',to ! ,eighte5? ,army ,corps3 ',! ,g5]al comm&+ desires to express to 8 comm& 8 appreciation ( ! soldi]ly qualities :i* h be5 display$ dur+ ! campaign ( ! la/ sev5te5 days4 ,)9 t "t !y h be5 con/antly call$ ^u to und]go all ! h>d%ips ( ! soldi]'s life1 & be expos$ to all ( its dang]s4 ',m>*es "u a hot sun h end$ 9 sev]e battles1 &1 aft] ! battle1 wat*ful nights 9 ! tr5*es gallantly tak5 f ! enemy4 ',b ! cr[n+ po9t ( ! honor !y are entitl$ to has be5 won s9ce ! morn+ ( ! #ae? in/ant1 :5 a s]ies ( e>?works on mo/ comm&+ positions & ( =midable /r5g? h be5 c>ri$1 ) all ! guns & mat]ials ( w> ( ! enemy1 includ+ prison]s & colors4 ,! works h all be5 held1 & ! trophies rema9 9 our h&s4 ',?is victory is all ! m important to u z ! troops nev] h be5 regul>ly organiz$ 9 camps :]e "t has be5 giv5 !m to le>n ! discipl9e necess>y to a well-organiz$ corps d'arme1 b !y _h be5 ha/ily conc5trat$ & sudd5ly summon$ to take "p 9 ! try+ campaign ( our c\ntry's be+4 ,su* honor z !y h won w rema9 imp]i%able4 ',to ! color$ troops compris+ ! division ( ,g5]al ,h9ks1 ! ,g5]al comm&+ w\ld call ! att5tion ( 8 comm&4 ,) ! vet]ans ( ! ,eighte5? ,corps !y h /orm$ ! works ( ! enemy & c>ri$ !m1 tak+ guns & prison]s1 & 9 ! :ole affair !y h display$ all ! qualities ( good soldi]s4 ',by comm& ( ',w4 ,f4 ,,smi?1 ,major-,g5]al4 ',,wm4 ,,russell1 ,,jr41 ',assi/ant ,adjt4-,g5]al4 ',(ficial3 ,,solon ,a4 ,,c>t]1 ',capta9 & ,a4 ,a4 ,a4-,g4' ,x may be add$ t ',baldy' ,smi? has nev] be5 kn[n z be+ p>ticul>ly p>tial to ! use ( negro troops4 ,he is report$ to h said1 aft] ! assault on ,pet]sburg1 t ! w> 0 virtually end$1 because ! negroes _h n[ %[n t !y c\ld fight1 & s x 0 only a "q ( "t4 ,! man is n to be envi$ :o c contemptu\sly disreg>d ?is record4 ,& :ile we give un/9t$ honor to ! h]oes ^: valor has made ! ,army ( ! ,potomac immortal 9 hi/ory1 & made its campaign ( ! ,wild]ness & ,spottsylvania a campaign ( glory1 let u n =get t negro troops 9 t army1 & 9 o!r armies 9 ! same campaign1 h borne _! "p fai?fully1 & des]ve well ( ! republic4 ,nor let u =get ! damn+ atrocities at ,=t ,pill[1 :]e black m5 9 ,unit$ ,/ates uni=m 7 massacr$ 9 cold blood1 because !y 7 will+ r to die freem5 ) _! :ite comrades ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates army1 ?an live slaves to rebel ma/]s3,d ?us v9dicat+ _! claim to fre$om1 & reflect+ ^u our c\ntry's flag ! especial honor :i* su* det]m9$ brav]y has ev] be5 aw>d$ among m5--rem9d+ u ( ! ,?ree ,hundr$ at ,!rmopyl1 & ! ,old ,gu>d at ,wat]loo1 disda9+ to surr5d]4 ,s /range are ! ev5ts ( hi/ory6 ,s my/]i\s is ! plan ( ,provid5ce1 *oos+ n[1 z 9 ! days ( ! apo/le ,paul1 'base ?+s ( ! _w1 & ?+s :i* are despis$1 yea1 & ?+s :i* are n1 to br+ to n\ght ?+s t are6' ,:at a /++ example ( "t's rev5ges1 to be sure1 t negroes %\ld h a "p 9 br++ to n\ght ! rebellion ( negro-hold]s6 t !y %\ld be f\nd fight+ = ! v ,gov]nm5t ^: p[] _h aid$ to keep !m 9 bondage to ^! negro-hold]s6 ,9 face ( su* facts1 w any "o impi\sly decl>e t fate1 or bl9d *ance1 rules ! affairs ( m56 ,we might well pause at ?is po9t to consid] ! philosophy ( revolutions4 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ /udy to inve/igate ! effici5t or radical causes ( ^! s+ul> ph5om5a ( ,god's provid5ce--^! crises 9 hi/ory1 :5 '! f\nta9s ( ! great deep are brok5 up1' & ! exp]i5ce ( c5turies is cr[d$ into ! limits ( a s+le ye>1 & we see ! old l&m>ks all swept away be=e ! ov]:elm+ tides ( a new era4 ,!n x is t prec$5ts avail u no?+1 & we are driv5 to lay hold ( ^? pr9ciples ( ju/ice & "r :i* are alone et]nal4 ,= 9 ! /orm & wreck ( revolution ^? pr9ciples are our sure beacon lights1 %9+ on1 l ! />s1 =ev]4 ,?us philosophiz+1 ! "q w\ld be3 ,h revolutions a fix$ law8 ,is !re a recurr+ sequ5ce 9 ! mighty 'logic ( ev5ts1' t w enable u to def9e a =mula = ! revolutions ( sy/ems 9 society8 ,s sci5ce has demon/rat$ a law = ! revolutions & *anges ( sy/ems ( worlds 9 inf9ite space4 ,or1 are ! revolutions ( hi/ory1 l ! volcanic di/urbances ( our planet e>?1 9 a sort1 abnormal8 ,!y seem to come1 l ! deus ex ma*9a ( ! ,roman poet1 to cut ! ,gordian knots t p]plex /atesm5 & bewild] nations4 ,! affairs ( m5 get s tangl$ up sometimes1 t to prev5t an>*y & *aos1 ,god s5ds revolutions1 :i* sweep away ! effete in/itutions & old1 worn-out sy/ems1 to replace !m ) new & liv+ sy/ems4 ,& ?us !re is a p]petual g5esis1 or new creation1 ( ! _w4 ,let any "o read ,c>lyle's vivid description ( ! badness ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 'bad 9 t bad way z nev] c5tury be=e 01 till ! ,fr5* ,revolution came & put an end to x1' & he w und]/& some?+ ( ?is "q ( revolutions4 ,x sugge/s ! old s*ola/ic dispute ( ! free ag5cy ( man1 & looks z ?\gh1 grant+ t fre$om1 x 71 aft] all1 too great a gift = u4 ,= hi/ory seems to tea*1 z its "o gr& lesson1 confirm+1 z always1 ! revelation 9 ,*ri/1 t m5 _c take c>e ( !mselves2 & t ,god leaves !m to _! own ways long en\gh to satisfy !m t human ag5cy is inadequate to solve ! "q ( re=m1 & !n1 :5 ! times are ripe1 ,he takes ! re9s into ,8 own h&1 & />ts society anew4 ,x is ! pati5t process ( education by c5turies1 or by ages--only to be made p]fect 9 ! mill5nial age4 ,s x is t ! _w moves4 ,x moves by ! free ag5cy ( man1 kept 9 its balance by ! guid+ h& ( ,god4 ,i4 ,,! ,,vex$ ,,"q ,,( ,,! ,,negro4 ,?us x is t ! second ,am]ican revolution is settl+ = u ! vex$ "q ( ! negro4 ,:at %\ld be done ) him1 or = him1 or to him1 _h be5 ! di/urb+ elem5t 9 our political sy/em ev] s9ce ! ,african slave trade expir$ by limitation ( ! ,con/itution 9 #ahjh4 ,! devices ( human +5uity 7inspir$1 z we f]v5tly believe1 by ! pure/ patriotism7 to /ave (f ! inevitable f9al settlem5t ( ?is acc\nt1 innum]able z !y 71 & only limit$ by ! pr$e/9$ decree ( ,supreme ,b5evol5ce 7:i* is ,supreme ,ju/ice71 71 at la/1 exhau/$4 ,! /atesman%ip ( '#ej _h be5 outgr[n4 ,! giants ( ^? days _h gone1 "o by "o1 to _! rew>d ere yet ! fir/ brea?s ( ! revolution t has op5$ ! decade ( '#fj4 ,n\ght rema9$ to _! less] associates1 :o /ill surviv$1 b to b[ rev]5tly be=e ! /orm1 'z see+ 9 x ,him :o is invisible4' ,su* recognition1 inde$1 is ! measure ( m5's patriotism to-day4 ,! man :o s p]v]ts 8 m9d & reason z to %ut out ! evid5ce ( ! />s & 8 own consci\sness 7! ,g]man metaphysician's pro( ( ,deity71 & d5y t ,god is1 is simply a fool2 & e reflect+ m9d is ready to sanction & adopt ! ,psalmi/'s ^w3 ',! fool ha? said 9 8 he>t1 ,!re is no ,god4' ,equally a fool is he :o %uts 8 eyes to ! ov]:elm+ facts ( ! la/ two ye>s1 refus+ to be taught by ! ,provid5ce beh9d !m4 ,su* & s va/ is ! revolution by :i* ,god has int]v5$ 9 our hi/ory4 ,su* is ! ,provid5ce t /ill guides & gu>ds ! nation orda9$ by ,him to be4 ,su* is ! revolution t has swept away ! slave sy/em1 & op5$ = u a new pa?1 & giv5 u a new p[] ( progress4 ,n[1 ^! views ne$ n make "o a negro-en?usia/4 ,because ! sy/em ( slav]y has be5 swept away1 x is n necess>y to ass]t1 z "s d1 ! negro's equality ) ! :ite man 9 ^? ?+s :]e9 he is pla9ly n 8 equal4 ,yet !re is an equality t _c be d5i$4 ,! negro is c]ta9ly a man1 & n a brute animal2 al?\gh s demoraliz$ & corrupt _h gr[n to be ! tone ( society t we h actually he>d ! op9ion av[$1 9 all s]i\sness1 t ! negro _h no s\l4 ,%ylock1 9 ',! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1' pleads = himself & 8 ,jewi% bre?r51 9 "o ( ! mo/ pa!tic passages ( ev5 ,%akspe>e's g5ius1 z ?\gh ! ,hebrew race 7 consid]$ less ?an m54 ,& su*1 inde$1 0 ne>ly ! case 9 ,%ylock's "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,moor ( ,v5ice disda9s to plead z to 8 sup]iors4 ,8 consci\s equality 9 pres5ce ( ! 'grave & rev]5d signiors1' gives to 8 r5[n$ address a consummate dignity1 unkn[n else:]e 9 lit]ature4 ,he felt1 inde$1 t 8 victories "u ! flag ( ! republic entitl$ him n only to equality1 b especial honor4 ,is x n s+ul> t 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury !re %\ld be f\nd m5 :o gladly accord to ! ,jew1 ! desc5dant ( ,%em1 t ( :i* !y refuse ev5 ! possibility to ! d>k desc5dant ( ,ham8 ,surely ! republic ( ,v5ice 0 n s f> beh9d our boa/$ civilization4 ,our civilization /ill cl+s to ! idea ( privilege4 ,! privilege ( ca/e is only ex*ang$ = ! privilege ( color4 ,nor ne$ we commit ourselves to ! doctr9e ( "s1 :o w\ld appe> to ?9k t ! negro is to be ! dom9ant race ( ! future2 if n 9 himself1 yet 9 virtue ( 8 supplem5t+ ! composite ,anglo-,saxon race1 & ?us giv+ to x a complet5ess x is assum$ n to h at pres5t4 ,su* we und]/& to be ! doctr9e ( :at /yles itself ,misceg5ation4 ,x w\ld be p]t95t1 &1 p]haps1 conclusive1 to cite on ?is po9t ! ,lat9 maxim1 ,de gu/ibus non disput&um4 ,!re are ^? :o admire a c]ta9 new /yle ( music1 ( :i* ! melody is *iefly hidd5 f ! appreciation ( common folk1 & :i* has receiv$ ! title1 ',music ( ! ,future2' look+ =w>d to a "t :51 p]haps1 m5's s5ses w be pret]naturally quick5$ to compreh5d its discordant h>monies4 ,x is some?+ ak9 to t vag>y ( religi\s s5tim5t1 :i*1 :atev] may be its m]its1 :atev] its satisfaction = a spiritually illum9at$ *os5 few1 is1 nev]!less1 beyond ! pres5t k5 & compreh5sion & spiritual compass ( mo/ mortals1 & may be call$ ! ,religion ( ! ,future4 ,! fatal defect ( all ^! !ories is t !y s]ve no purpose ( utility4 ,consid]$ z creations ( ideal beauty1 !y may *>m ! fancy & quick5 ! imag9ation1 & ev5 exalt ! m5tal habitudes1 ( a few devotees4 ,or1 all[+ t !y are a sort ( morn+ twilight vision1 !y may1 we _c dogmatically d5y1 h]eaft] develop into a spl5did fulness1 9 ! p]fect day4 ,all ?is may be4 ,b !y d n meet ! practical ne$s ( our work+ life1 ! wants ( we>y m5 & we>y wom54 ,s1 :at we want = ! negro is n a metaphysical !ory ( 8 p]fect equality ) ! :ite man4 ,nor1 on ! o!r h&1 are we at lib]ty to say t he is1 by virtue ( any physical con=mation & /ructure1 some?+ inf]ior to ! :ite man4 ,nei!r ( ^! positions c be su/a9$4 ,! "o pla9ly contradicts our obs]vation & exp]i5ce2 ! o!r ne$s ! pro( ( sci5ce t inf]iority is det]m9$ by physical /ructure4 ,we mu/ face ! fact ( ! negro's pres5t degrad$ condition2 & we mu/ accept ! equal fact ( 8 be+ a man1 ) a s\l z preci\s1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 z ! s\l ( 8 :ite bro!r4 ,= ! day :5 ! sublime exordium ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce c\ld be /igmatiz$ z a 'glitt]+ g5]ality1' is gone by4 ,! basis ( our ,am]ican sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 x is no long] d\bt$1 is ! equality ( all m5 be=e ! law1 z ! basis ( our ,*ri/ian fai? is ! equality ( all m5 be=e ,god4 ,accept+1 !n1 ! two und5iable facts above nam$1 ! "q is1 ,:at %all we d n[ ) ! negro8 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,negro ,,slave ,,z ,a ,,soldi]4 ,)\t attempt+ to discuss ?is int]e/+ "q 9 all its v>i\s aspects1 we may briefly adv]t to "s ( ! problems 9 ! discussion :i* w\ld seem to be fairly solv$ 9 ! employm5t ( ! negro z a ,unit$ ,/ates soldi]4 ,?us mu* is c]ta9ly true ( ! ,am]ican negro1 & h]e9 he is d\btless sup]ior to ! :ite man2 namely1 t he is docile1 pati5t1 buoyant ( _s1 full ( affection1 & end[$ ) a m>vell\s appreh5sion ( ?+s spiritual4 ,8 pati5ce is %[n by 8 long bondage1 borne )\t s]i\s murmur+2 await+ ! day ( deliv]ance1 confid5t t ! ye> ( jubilee 0 to come4 ,?is po9t is lucidly elaborat$ 9 a late article1 ( great int]e/1 9 ,! ,ed9burgh ,review1 said to h be5 writt5 by a negro escap$ f slav]y4 ,! negro's docility appe>s 9 8 aptitude to cat* quickly ! tone ( 8 ma/]'s m9d1 & guide himself by x2 9 ! read9ess ) :i* he yields to sup]ior au?ority--:i* may or may n be due to 8 _s-cru%+ bondage1 b :i* c]ta9ly has 9 x little ( ! /upidity we %\ld expect to f9d if su* 7 ! case4 ,! buoyancy ( 8 _s ov]fl[s 9 ! p]petual music ( 8 laugh & song amid ! h>d =tunes ( 8 race4 ,! fulness ( 8 capacity ( affection is atte/$ by 8 rem>kable devotion to ma/] or mi/ress1 surviv+ /rong amid all vicissitudes1 & ris+ above ! iniquit\s inju/ice t holds him 9 bonds into t exalt$ triumph ( ! apo/le's doctr9e3 ',be n ov]come ( evil1 b ov]come evil ) good4' ,z = 8 read9ess to appreh5d spiritual ?+s1 ! exp]i5ce ( e p]son :o has liv$ at ! ,s\? furni%es abundant pro(4 ,:o t has /ood on ! banks ( a ,s\!rn riv]1 :5 a negro 0 baptiz$1 & he>d ! l\d *orus ( joy ( 8 bre?r5 & si/]s :5 ! sign ( ! ,*ur* 0 put ^u him1 & se5 ! sympa?y ( eye & h& t welcom$ him to ! bless$ company1 has n felt t = ?is poor1 despis$ race !re are ri*es laid up 9 t k+dom ':]e nei!r mo? nor ru/ do? corrupt1 & :]e ?ieves d n break ?r\gh nor /eal'8 ,:o t has /ood 9 a ,s\!rn =e/ on "s ,sunday aft]noon1 9 ! e>ly ,s\!rn spr+1 :5 ! woods are resonant ) ! songs ( birds1 & he>d a negro congregation ( believ]s 9 _! meet+-h\se ne> by1 jo9+ ) all ! f]vor ( _! tropical temp]am5t 9 ?is glad hymn ( nature1 9 ! immortal v]se ( ,wesley & ,:itfield1 has n felt t to ! negro ! vision ( ! ,new ,j]usalem is m ( a reality ?an has yet be5 grant$ to 8 worldly favor$ :ite bro!r & ma/]8 ,ah1 no "o :o has witness$ su* sc5es all ! ye>s ( 8 *ildhood & y\?1 c d5y t among ! disciples ( ,*ri/ are to be reckon$ especially ! negro race2 :o be> ,8 bless$ cross 9 our day1 amid ! je]s ( a sceptical _w1 j z 9 ,8 own day ^u e>? ! negro ,simon ( ,cyr5e bore to ! ,m\nt ( ,calv>y ! cross on :i* ! ,savi\r di$4 ,:at ^! ?+s prove is j ?is3 ! negro's capacity = fre$om2 8 capacity to "k :at is ! 'p]fect law ( lib]ty1' keep+ irresponsible lic5se 9 *eck2 8 absolute fre$om f ! blood?ir/9ess t seems to horrify s _m un?9k+ p]sons1 :o affect to fe> ! consequ5ces ( putt+ a musket 9 a negro's h&4 ,! inconte/able po9ts above enum]at$ %[ ! gr\ndlessness ( su* an alleg$ fe>4 ,x ne$s only to consid] !m c&idly to be disabus$ on t score4 ,no "o :o has se5 & kn[s ! t5d]ness ( ! negro t[>d ! *ildr5 ( 8 ma/]1 & 8 nev]-fail+ respect t[>d 8 mi/ress1 d>es say he fe>s ! negro's savag5ess4 ,no "o :o kn[s ! negro's religi\s s5sibility & 8 un%ak5 fai? 9 ,*ri/1 d>es say he fe>s4 ,no4 ,only ^? fe> :o "k no?+ at all ab\t ! negro4 ,!y fe> ^: cre$ is giv5 !m by m5 ?ir/+ = ! negro's blood1 t x may be co9$ into ungodly gold4 ,?us mu* w suffice = objections to negro troops1 on ! gr\nd ( _! incapacity4 ,x is se5 t ! negro is capable to compreh5d ! limitations ( lib]ty2 t 8 nature is n ess5tially savage1 or1 if s1 has be5 s(t5$ & temp]$ into a g5tle docility "u ! b5ign influ5ces ( civiliz$ society2 t1 above all1 8 ,*ri/ian education has elevat$ him to a dignity t despises mean rev5ge4 ,if fur!r pro( is necess>y1 ! regim5ts ( negro slaves recruit$ 9 ,l\isiana & ! ,c>ol9as1 acquir+ a discipl9e t has /ood !m 9 good /ead at ,olu/ee 7day ( gloom7 & else:]e on _! native soil1 may be cit$ 9 evid5ce ( _! capacity4 ,b :at ab\t our rights 9 ! matt]8 ,= we are consid]+ n[ ! case ( ! slaves1 n ! free negro8 ,! prop] & suffici5t answ] to t "q is1 ,:at ab\t ! rights ( slave-hold]s8 ,:at rights ( !irs are we b\nd to respect n[8 ,!y h tak5 ! law into _! own h&s1 & if !y _c en=ce x1 is x any "p ( our bus9ess to aid !m8 ,c]ta9ly & und\bt$ly n4 ,x is "p ( ! p5alty ( treason2 "p ( ! price !y are pay+ = _! ignoble ?ru/ at ! nation's life2 & a v light p5alty1 & *eap price x is1 t !y lose _! "r to hold slaves4 ,su* rights z !y possess$ !y held "u ! ,con/itution4 ,we h be5 will+1 = ! sake ( peace 7be>+ 9 m9d ! apo/le's injunction1 ',if x be possible1 z mu* z lie? 9 y1 live peaceably ) all m5'71 to protect1 "u ! sacr$ cov5ant ( ! nation1 :at !y call$ _! rights to prop]ty2 albeit n will+ ourselves to t\* ! 'accurs$ ?+4' ,! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry is a witness to our good fai?4 ,b pla9ly ! injunction ( ! apo/le becomes impossible ( ob$i5ce :5 m5 trans=m !mselves into fi5ds1 & hang up 9 _! railway c>s1 z trophies1 ! gha/ly skulls ( su* ( u z h be5 sla9 9 def5ce ( ! national cov5ant4,e ,by _! own acts ! slave-hold]s h cancell$ our obligations z to su* p]missive rights "u ! ,con/itution4 ,we %all n probably ha/5 to incur any m su* obligations4 ,!y say t slav]y is ! /r5g? ( _! society4 ,d\btless x is4 ,!n1 ,samson-l1 !y h pull$ d[n ^u !mselves ! pill>s ( _! :ole fabric1 & !y _c compla9 if !y & all _! rights1 immunities1 & titles are buri$ 9 ! ru9s4 ,9 o!r words1 !y h appeal$ f ! ,con/itution1 or ! law civil1 to ! sword1 or ! law milit>y2 & !y mu/ abide ! result ( t appeal4 ,su* is a brief /atem5t ( ! "q ( negro troops1 z affect+ ! slaves ( ! ,s\? & _! traitor ma/]s4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,free ,,negro ,,z ,a ,,soldi]4 ,!re is ano!r phase ( ! "q1 less difficult ( solution ?an ! prec$+1 p]haps1 b by no means less important4 ,x is ! case ( ! free negro1 & especially ! free negro ( ! ,nor?4 ,"h aga9 we ne$ n /op to discuss ab/ract que/ions ( equality1 nor decl>e our adh]5ce to ! philosophy ( ,misceg5ation4 ,we ne$ n /op to consid] ! nature1 or ju/ice1 ( ! prejudice :i* prevails aga9/ ! negro at ! ,nor?4 ,x is und5iable t !re is su* a prejudice4 ,accept+ ! und\bt$ fact1 we see t x %uts ne>ly e av5ue ( hone/ indu/ry aga9/ ! man ) a black sk91 re/rict+ him to ! mo/ m5ial (fices2 & t x is fo/]$ 9 _m ways by ! conv5tions & usages ( our society1 s z practically to put him 9 a worse condition ?an 8 bond$ bro!r at ! ,s\?--always except z to 8 ,god-giv5 "r to 8 lib]ty & labor4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t ev5 ?is is n always fully assur$ to ! negro2 & ! ,july riots ( ,new ,york indicate ! unc]ta9 t5ure ( 8 lib]ty & life1 ev5 "u ! protection ( equal laws4 ,:at !n8 ,%all we rem& him to ! s]vitude ( ! ,s\?8 ,%all we enact = him a sort ( ,napoleonic law ( g5]al safety1 to deprive him ( ! poor lib]ty he has--h[ev] pr(itless ! boon may seem to u to be8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,e in/9ct ( humanity rises up aga9/ s mon/r\s a sugge/ion4 ,yet some?+ v l x has a place 9 ! legislation ( "s ,/ates 9 ! ,am]ican ,union4 ,!n :at a ,provid5tial solution ( ! "q is (f]$ 9 ! employm5t ( ! negro z a soldi]6 ,!re _c surely be any well-f\nd$ objection to x4 ,su* opposition z ! plan has enc\nt]$ seems to spr+ f ! same unreason+ prejudice t keeps ! black man out ( all dec5t indu/ries 9 our free ,nor?4 ,x is t v prejudice :i* ?is plan w ov]come4 ,= ! fir/ ?+ to be done is to raise ! negro f 8 degradation2 & to d ?is we mu/ obvi\sly beg9 ) tea*+ him a prop] self-respect4 ,?is w be> its fruit 9 mak+ him respect$ by o!rs4 ,no "o w say t x is well to fo/] a feel+ :i* outlaws any s+le class 9 ! community f ! respect ( all4 ,?is w\ld be to glorify ! slave sy/em ( ! ,s\?1 & lay a basis = possible revolutions4 ,?us ! employm5t ( ! negro z a soldi]1 :ile x mu/ inspire ! bondman ( ! ,s\? ) a tru] s5se ( 8 wor? & capacity1 & ?us t5d to weak5 ! f\ndation ( ! :ole rebel fabric1 w also correct ! unque/ion$ evil ( a gr[+ class ( outlaws 9 ! mid/ ( our society4 ,& if we clo! ! negro 9 ! uni=m ( a soldi] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! respect ( ! nation = its brave def5d]s w tea* him self-respect2 at ! same "t t x w tea* ! nation to put a new value ^u its idea ( loyalty4 ,! epitaph commemorative ( ! ,sp>tan valor t has made ,!rmopyl a "n =ev]1 s]ves to %[ ! conclusion ( our :ole discussion3 ',g1 /rang]1 & at ,lac$mon tell1 ,t "h1 ob$i5t to h] laws1 we fell4' ,= ! man :o is loyal to 8 flag w n qu>rel ) ! color ( a comrade 9 arms :o has %$ blood1 r$ l 8 own1 9 def5d+ t flag f di%onor2 j z ! man :o is loyal to ! alt> feels a fell[%ip = e "o1 h[ev] humble1 :o be>s ! "n ( _! common ,ma/]1 & is made 9 ! image ( _! common ,fa!r4 ,,footnotes3 ,d ,late ,s\!rn newspap]s speak ( ! ob/9acy ( ! g>rison at ,=t ,pill[1 & ass]t t ,=re/ w\ld h /opp$ ! massacre at any "t aft] ! capture1 if our soldi]s _h manife/$ any disposition to yield4 ,e ,! writ]'s fa!r saw ^! skulls hang+ 9 ! c>s on a railway 9 ,georgia1 aft] fir/ ,bull ,run1 & saw !m h&$ ?r\gh ! c>s amid ! je]s ( pass5g]s4 ,,colors ,,& ,,_! ,,mean+4 ,9 ord] to a due und]/&+ ( ! signification ( colors1 x is necess>y we %\ld comm5ce at ! f\ndation4 ,accord+ly ,i %all beg9 by say+ t colors are prim>y1 second>y1 & t]ti>y4 ,prim>y colors are ?ree3 r$1 yell[1 & blue4 ,,r$ is ! color ( greate/ heat4 ,,yell[ is ! color ( greate/ light4 ,,blue is ! color ( *emical *ange4 ,9 accordance ) ?is philosophical tru?1 we %\ld naturally expect to f9d a prepond]ance ( blue rays f ! sun 9 ! spr+ "t1 & s x is4 ,^! rays prepond]ate at ! "t ( pl\gh+1 s[+1 & g]m9ation4 ,9 ! summ] "t1 aft] ! plant has />t$ f ! gr\nd1 & requires vigor\s leaves to br+ x to p]fection ere ! cold w9t] rolls ar\nd once m1 we h ! yell[ rays4 ',light1 m light1' is !n ! cry ( nature1 & z n ev5 l5g? ( days af=ds ?is elem5t 9 suffici5t complet5ess1 ! sun d>ts 8 brighte/ beams 9 '! leafy mon? ( ,june4' ,lat] /ill 9 ! ye>1 aft] g]m9ation is pa/ & gr[? p]fect$1 comes ! necessity ( heat rays to rip5 fruit1 vegetables1 & gra91 & nature's behe/s are obey$ 9 ! !n prepond]ance ( ! r$ rays4 ,mu* ( ?is effect may be due to ! m$ia ?r\gh :i* ! sun's rays pass4 ,a s5sitiz$ photographic pap] is n color$ z mu* at an altitude ( ?ree miles 9 half an h\r z is a simil> pap] ^u ! e>?'s surface 9 "o mom5t4 ,at any season ( ! ye>1 g>d5]s c ei!r /imulate or ret>d g]m9ation z !y place a blue or yell[ glass ov] ! nursl+4 ,t ! gr[? ( plants is n due alone to ! rays ( ! sun we c1 )\t exp]im5t1 conv9ce ourselves1 z ev5 ord9>y obs]v]s are well aw>e t ^u "s days plants %oot up s rapidly z to gr[ almo/ visibly "u _! eyes1 & 9 o!r conditions ( ! atmosph]e seem+ly rema9 dormant = days4 ,! g]m9at+ influ5ce1 let x be due ei!r to peculi> rays alone1 or to atmosph]ic /ate1 does n conta9 mu* color+ matt]4 ,! fir/ spr+ fl[]s are ( a pale color2 z summ] advances we h bright] hues1 b n until ! approa* ( fall d we see ,flora 9 all h] gorge\sness ( color+4 ,! pal5ess ( m\nta9 & arctic fl[]s1 & ! brilliancy ( ^? ( ! tropics1 po9t to ! same cause :i* gives ! temp]ate zones _! brighte/ fl[]s :5 heat rays prepond]ate4 ,z dep? ( color seems connect$ ) ! r$ or heat rays2 s p]fume belongs rightfully to ! summ] blossoms2 :5 light is ! /ronge/1 !n we h our p9ks1 & roses1 & lilies4 ,!re are also 9 ! spectrum f\r second>y colors3 orange1 gre51 indigo1 & violet4 ,! second>y colors are alt]nate ) ! prim>y 9 ! spectrum1 & are =m$ by a mixture ( ! two prim>y ne>e/ !m--z orange1 =m$ by a union ( r$ & yell[2 gre51 by a mixture ( yell[ & blue2 indigo & violet1 ( blue & r$4 ,?us3 ,r$1 ,orange1 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,blue1 ,indigo1 ,violet4 ,t]ti>y colors are _m m ?an bo? prim>y & second>y4 ,!y are hues n f\nd 9 ! spectrum4 ,!y are nature's /ep*ildr5 r ?an *ildr51 & _m ( !m might n inappropriately be call$ *ildr5 ( art2 yet al?\gh mo/ ( !m are ( inv5tions t man has s\ght out1 !y are at be/ b %ades1 & mu/ all look back to ! spectrum z _! common p>5t4 ,ea* ( ! prim>y colors =ms a simple contra/ to ! o!r two2 ?us blue is contra/$ by yell[ & by r$1 ei!r ( :i* =ms a simple contra/ to x2 b z x is a law ( color t comp\nd contra/s are m effective ?an simple 9 ! proportion ( two to "o1 x foll[s t a mixture ( ei!r two ( ! primitive colors is ! mo/ p[]ful contra/ possible ) ! o!r4 ,r$ & yell[ =m orange1 ! greate/ & ! mo/ h>moni\s contra/ to blue2 r$ & blue =m violet or purple1 s mu* admir$ 9 contra/ ) yell[ 9 ! pansy2 yell[ & blue =m gre51 ! contra/ to r$1 & ! color ne$$ to re/ore ! tone ( ! optic n]ve :5 /ra9$ or fatigu$ by undue att5tion to r$4 ,?is is ! mo/ common & admirable contra/ 9 ! vegetable k+dom2 ! brilliant r$ blossom or fruit1 ) gre5 leaves1 z in/ance ! fi]y tulip1 ! crimson rose1 ! sc>let v]b5a1 ! burn+ dahlia1 ! *]ry & apple trees1 ! tomato or loveapple ( my *ildhood1 & ! sc>let maple & suma* ( our ,am]ican ,octob]4 ,!re are two di/9ct h>monies ( color3 ! h>mony ( contra/1 & ! h>mony ( %ad+4 ,! =m] is ! h>mony ( /rik+ div]sities f\nd 9 nature1 & ! o!r a mell[+ ( colors1 or bl5d+ ( simil> hues1 attributable to art4 ,f ?is little synopsis ( ! effects & uses ( ! prismatic colors1 we %all be enabl$ ! bett] to und]/& bo? ! anci5t & mod]n popul> ideas z to colors z repres5tatives & correspond5ces4 ,colors h a m5tal1 moral1 & physical significance--a good & a bad import4 ,! "o to :i* ,i %all fir/ direct y\r att5tion is t :i* mo/ readily /rikes ! eye4 ,,r$4 ,:i* ,?oreau call$ ! 'color ( colors1' 9 ! ,hebrew signifi$ to h dom9ion1 & 9 e>ly art 0 symbolical or emblematic ( ,div9e love1 creative p[]1 etc4 ,! ^w ,adam1 we h be5 taught1 signifies r$ man2 x does mean '! blood1' :i*1 ( c\rse1 orig9at$ 'to be r$1' z a second>y signification4 ,lanci1 ! great int]pret] ( ,sacr$ ,philology at ! ,vatican1 deems ',! ,blu%]1' to be ! true mean+ ( ! ^w ,adam4 ,god creat$ man1 male & female creat$ ,he !m1 & call$ _! "n ,adam4 ,a blu%1 s becom+ on ! c\nt5ance ( fem99e beauty1 is g5]ally deem$ a sign ( weakness :5 visible ^u a man's face4 ,b if ! above int]pretation be correct1 a blu% is a man's bir?right1 :i* no s5se ( false %ame %\ld prev5t him f mode/ly claim+4 ,r$1 z signify+ p]fection1 dom9ion1 fruition1 0 appropriately ! "n ( our fir/ p>5ts1 :e!r we reg>d ! acc\nt ( ! creation to be lit]ally und]/ood1 z ! old !ologians believe1 or spiritually & typically1 z ! mod]n ones insi/4 ,r$ is ! color ( :at is int5se1 be x love or hatr$1 k9dness or cruelty4 ,x d5otes ! fulness ( /rong emotions2 alike ! gl[+ ( consci\s love or ! blaz+ ( fi]ce ang]1 ! fi]y ardor ( d>+ & valor1 or ! fi]ce cruelty ( hatr$ & rev5ge4 ,( our own />-spangl$ bann]1 we s+3 ',! r$ is ! blood ( ! brave4' ,! r$ g>m5ts ( c>d9als1 & especially _! r$ hats1 are suppos$ to betok5 _! read9ess to spill _! blood = ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,r$ is ! color ( undevelop$ ideas4 ,x is ! hue :i* mo/ quickly attracts ! att5tion ( *ildr5 & savages4 ,all b>b>\s nations admire r$2 _m savages pa9t _! faces v]milion be=e ent]+ battle1 to :i* !y look =w>d z ! means ( atta9+ enviable position 9 _! tribe2 = ) b>b>ians physical pr[ess is ! only sup]iority4 ,"s animals are excit$ to madness by ! sight ( ?is color4 ,! bull & ! turkey take x z a signal ( defiance1 :i* !y ru% to meet4 ',come1 if y d>e1' !y read x1 & impetu\sly ha/5 to ! onset4 ,:5 ! bloody ,jeffreys 0 9 8 bloodie/ humor1 he wore into c\rt a r$ cap1 :i* 0 ! sure dea? w>rant ( ^? ab\t to be tri$4 ,! dea? g>m5t ( ,*>lotte ,corday 0 a r$ *emise--fit emblem ( ! ungov]nable in/9cts1 ! wild riot+ 9 blood ( t reign ( t]ror4 ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ 9 a sc>let robe1 & 9 t color ( love & p]fection1 p]fect$ 8 (f]+ ( love = mank9d4 ,,yell[4 ,anci5tly symboliz$ ! sun1 ! goodness ( ,god1 m>riage1 fai?1 & fruitfulness4 ,old pa9t+s ( ,/4 ,pet] repres5t him 9 a yell[ mantle4 ,! ,v5uses 7 clo!d 9 saffron-color$ tunics2 ,roman brides ( an e>ly day wore a veil ( an orange t+e1 call$ ! flameum1 a flame--a flame :i*1 k9dl$ at ,hym5's tor*1 x is to be hop$ 0 ev] burn+1 nev] consum+4 ,z e good has its antipodal evil1 s e color has its bad s5se1 :i* is contr>y or opposite to its fir/ or good signification4 ,9 a bad s5se1 yell[ means incon/ancy1 & ! /hetic ,greeks1 fully c>ry+ out ?is mean+1 compell$ _! public c\rtesans to di/+ui% !mselves by mantles ( saffron color4 ,! radical s5se ( saffron is to fail1 to be holl[1 to be exhau/$4 ,9 trac+ cu/oms1 x is easy to see ! bias unkn[+ly receiv$ f natural significations1 significations :i* take _! rise 9 ! spiritual _w4 ,! ,san ,b5ito or auto-da-fe dress ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition 0 yell[1 blazon$ ) a flam+ cross2 &1 z a m>k ( contempt = ! race1 ! ,jews ( ,ca?olic ,spa9 7 condemn$ to we> a yell[ cap4 ,di/+ui%+ colors 9 dress h ev] be5 "o ( ! mo/ common me?ods ( express+ di/9ction ( class & diff]5ces ( fai?1 until !nce has aris5 ! imp]ative adage3 ',%[ y\r colors2' & he :o refuses to d s is despis$ z a hypocrite or *angel+4 ,yell[1 z a color1 f9ds b few admir]s among mod]n enlight5$ nations2 x is recogniz$ z ! color ( %ams2 b 9 ,*9a1 t c\ntry ( contr>ities1 :]e pr9t+1 fi% bre$+1 gas burn+1 & artesian wells h be5 kn[n & /ation>y = c5turies1 :]e almond-%ap$ eyes1 club feet1 & long cues are types ( beauty1 :]e old m5 laugh+ly fly kites1 & little boys look gravely on1 :]e :ite is m\rn+1 & ev]y?+ is diff]5t f else:]e--!re yell[ is ! mo/ admir$ ( colors1 re/rict$ to ! use ( royalty alone "u p5alty ( dea?4 ,yell[ is ! mo/ se>*+ ( colors1 z inde$ x %\ld be f its correspond5ce ) light4 ,x is gaudy1 & does n inspire respect1 = x br+s into view e imp]fection4 ,e defect 9 =m or mann] is r5d]$ conspicu\s by x1 & we involunt>ily scan ! :ole p]son ( ! un=tunate & ta/eless we>] ( x4 ,,blue4 ,9 e>ly art1 repres5t$ tru?1 honor1 & fidelity1 & ev5 at ?is day we associate blue & tru?fulness4 ,*ri/ & ! ,virg9 7 =m]ly pa9t$ ) blue mantles1 & blue is especially recogniz$ z ! ,virg9's color4 ,we c nev] turn our eyes upw>d )\t see+ tru?'s emblematical color4 ,h[ appropriate t ! heav5s %\ld be blue6 ,( tru?fulness & fai?fulness x %\ld be our con/ant rem9d]4 ,prim>y blue ent]s z a comp\nd into ?ree o!r colors ( ! spectrum3 gre51 indigo1 & violet4 ,z a prim>y color1 x is mu* m r>ely se5 9 nature ?an ei!r r$ or yell[4 ,we h few blue birds1 few blue fl[]s1 few blue fruits4 ,z "o ( a comp\nd1 x is (t5] f\nd ?an r$4 ,! grass1 ! leaves1 ev]y:]e proclaim ! m>riage ( good1 z yell[ anci5tly repres5t$1 & tru?1 z blue symboliz$4 ,!re is a deep significance 9 ! *ange t has come ov] mank9d's view ( ! mean+ ( ! fir/ ( ^! colors4 ,) ! loss ( fai?1 ! te>+ ap>t ( tru? & goodness1 has come a *ange ( correspond5ce4 ,m5 h ev]y:]e turn$ away f ! light1 ?\gh /ill pr(ess+ to /rive = tru?4 ,ea* color possesses a "* ( its own1 :i* proclaims to ! close obs]v] ! peculi> qualities ( t to :i* x belongs4 ,! horticulturi/ reads ! peculi>ities ( ! fruit z readily by its color z ! phr5ologi/ reads 8 by 8 'bumps4' ,! r$ "o1 he w tell y1 is s\r1 ! :ite "o sweet1 ! pale "o flat1 & ! gre5 "o alkal9e2 t "o is a good table apple1 ?is "o a sup]ior cid] apple2 & if y fur!r ask ! *>act]i/ics ( a good cid] apple1 he w tell y aga9 x is kn[n by its color1 n only ( ! sk91 b also ( ! pulp1 & t x c be =etold :e!r cid] w be weak1 ?91 & colorless1 or possess /r5g?1 or ri*ness1 or color4 ,! botani/1 too1 reg>ds color z indicative ( quality1 ! yell[ fl[] hav+ a bitt] ta/e & a fix$1 unfad+ hue1 ! black1 a poison\s1 de/ructive prop]ty1 etc41 etc4 ,tru?1 ( :i* we h se5 blue 0 ! correspond5t1 is nev] sup]ficial1 &1 al?\gh app>5t tru?s lie ^u ! surface1 yet a common adage locates tru? at ! bottom ( a well4 ,seam5 ackn[l$ge deep indigo blue ( wat] to be indicative ( pr(\nd dep?4 ,( ! ?ree or primitive colors1 ! r$ or heat color1 :i* has be5 t]m$ light felt1 ! yell[ or light color1 :i* has be5 call$ heat se51 & ! blue1 a color ( *emical *ange1 :i* is ! color ( gr[?1 ^! correspond 9 an unkn[n degree to ! love1 wisdom1 & tru? ( ! ,supreme ,"o2 heat to love1 = love is heat2 light to wisdom1 = wisdom is light2 & g]m9ation & gr[? to tru?1 = by tru? s\ls gr[ into wisdom & love4 ,! m we explore ! arcana ( nature ! m we w be enabl$ to discov] ! correspond5ce ( ! natural ) ! spiritual _w4 ,,:ite4 ,is ! emblem ( light1 e :ite ray ( light conta9+ all ! prismatic colors2 & z x symbolizes innoc5ce & purity1 x is ! color mu/ appropriate = clo?+ infants1 brides1 & ! dead4 ,we ?9k ( ! angels z clo!d 9 :ite4 ,at ! transfiguration ( our ,"l & ,ma/]1 8 raim5t became %9+1 exce$+ :ite z sn[1 z no full] on e>? c :ite !m2 & 9 "o ( ! ,evangeli/s 8 raim5t is describ$ z at t "t z :ite z ! light1 & s our highe/ comp>ison ( :it5ess is 'z :ite z ! light4' ,,black4 ,=m$ by a comb9ation 9 equal proportions ( ! ?ree primitive colors 9 equal int5sity1 is ! color ( despair4 ,z m\rn+1 x is only suitable = ^? :o despair ( ! future ( _! fri5ds2 b x is prem95tly unsuitable to be worn = ^? :o die 9 ,*ri/ian fai? ) a ,*ri/ian hope4 ,despite its gloomy hue1 x has almo/ become a sacr$ color among ,*ri/ian nations1 be+ worn z ! dress ( ! prie/ 9 8 m9i/]ial (fice1 & d\bly hall[$ f its association ) ! dead4 ,black1 z an ornam5tal color1 %\ld be bel[ all o!rs1 = arti/ic effect4 ,an arti/ic dressmak] places ! d>k or black plaids or /ripes b5ea? ! o!rs4 ,?is natural correspond5ce is almo/ univ]sally recogniz$ among enlight5$ nations 9 clo?+ = ! feet4 ,!y n only look small] & m ta/eful 9 black %oes ?an 9 color$1 b economy also sanctions !m z m useful4 ,! univ]sal t5d5cy ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is to utilit>ianism2 ! "o "q ask$ is3 ,:at is ! use8 & 9 use is beauty ev] f\nd4 ,e?nological inve/igation %[s t black or d>k-color$ races h inv>iably prec$$ settlem5t by ! :ites4 ,?is is 9 accordance ) ! law ( color above laid d[n1 viz41 t1 arti/ically1 black is bel[ ! o!r colors 7& n[1 9 ord] t ,i may n be misund]/ood1 ,i explicitly say t because1 arti/ically1 black is ! l[e/ color1 x by no means foll[s t ,i deem black or olive or yell[ races subjects = slav]y1 or unwor?y ( social & political rights74 ,9 accordance ) ! above axiom1 savage & half-civiliz$ races are f\nd to be at ! pres5t day black hair$ & black ey$4 ,i w also v5ture ! ass]tion t n9e t5?s ( all ! p 9 ! _w h black hair4 ,! ,h9doo leg5d ( ! eigh? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu "u ! "n ( ,cri%na1 makes him !n ( a blui%-black color1 :i* ! "n ,cri%na signifies4 ,8 supposititi\s fa!r1 ,w&a1 said3 ',:5 ,i nam$ him ,cri%na1 on acc\nt ( 8 color1 ! prie/ told me he mu/ be ! god :o _h tak5 diff]5t bodies1 r$1 :ite1 yell[1 & black1 9 8 v>i\s inc>nations1 & n[ he _h assum$ a black color aga91 s9ce 9 black all colors are absorb$4' ,al?\gh among ,caucasian nations1 & especially 9 cosmopolitan ,am]ica1 we d n adduce intellectual sup]iority f ! %ades or degrees ( :it5ess1 yet x is said ( ! ,moors t ! m ! color approa*es ! black1 ! h&som] & ( m decisive "* are ! m54 ,x is a physiological fact br\ght to light p>tially ?r\gh ! c5sus1 t black-ey$ races & black-ey$ p are m subject to bl9dness ?an o!rs4 ,x has also be5 %[n t black-ey$ m5 are n z good m>ksm5 z blue-ey$ or light-ey$ m54 ,n only are diff]5t races ( m5 subject to diff]5t diseases1 b /ati/ics prove t among ,caucasian nations1 complexion & disease are 9 "s way connect$1 z = in/ance1 consumption is m rife among d>k-hair$ & d>k-ey$ p ?an o!rs1 & m rapid ) ^? d>k-hair$ & d>k-ey$ p :o h v fair complexion4 ,z ! diff]5ce betwe5 gold5 & black hair lies 9 t !re is 9 ! "o case an excess ( sulphur & oxyg5 ) a defici5cy ( c>bon1 & 9 ! o!r an excess ( c>bon & a defici5cy ( sulphur & oxyg51 x c easily be se5 :y su* defici5cy or excess1 if aris+ f idiosyncrasy ( ! sy/em1 %\ld pr$ispose to dissimil> diseases4 ,b "h a wide field yet lies op5 = exp]im5tal & physiological rese>*4 ,,gre54 ,!re is sc>cely a color b has be5 or is held sacr$ by "s nation or religion4 ,) ,mahomm$ans gre5 is ! sacr$ hue4 ,! prophet orig9ally wore a turban ( t dye1 & ! sultan %[s due pref]5ce = t color4 ,! tomb ( ,david1 :i* is 9 possession ( ! ,mahomm$ans1 & :i* 0 at great haz>d visit$ by a lady )9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 is cov]$ by a gre5 sat9 tape/ry1 & ov] x hangs a sat9 canopy ( r$1 blue1 yell[1 & gre5 /ripes1 ! ?ree primitive & ! sacr$1 comp\nd color4 ,gre5 also seems to h be5 ! sacr$ color 9 anci5t ,p]u1 virg9s ( ! sun we>+ robes ( t hue4 ,! anci5t ,mexican prie/s also1 9 ! p]=mance ( _! functions1 wore cr[ns ( gre5 & yell[ fea!rs1 & at _! e>s hung gre5 jewels4 ,preci\s /ones ( a gre5 color 7 held 9 high] e/imation by ! ,aztecs ?an any o!r4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds 7 fir/ admitt$ to an audi5ce ) ,montezuma1 he wore no o!r ornam5t on 8 head ?an a pana*e ( plumes ( royal gre54 ,gre5 comes 9 ! class ( second>y colors1 be+ a comp\nd ( yell[ & blue1 & signifies pale1 new1 fre%1 gr[+1 fl\ri%+ 7l a gre5 bay tree72 & also unripe1 :5 appli$ to ei!r fruits or m51 :i*1 z f> z ! human is conc]n$1 is a t]m ( reproa*4 ,a p]son )\t exp]i5ce1 ei!r 9 position1 behavior1 or use ( any?+1 is t]m$ gre51 & laugh$ at4 ,!y are fre%1 new1 &1 in/ead ( ! admir+ exclamation1 ,h[ gre5 x is6 z appli$ to a plant1 is ! reproa*ful "o1 ,h[ gre5 he is6 ,at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>1 diff]5t colors are appropriate 9 dress4 ,light gre5 is ! color ( fre%ness1 y\?1 & spr+1 & m suitable to be worn 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> & by "y p]sons1 ?an lat] 9 ! season or by mature wom54 ,d>k gre51 l crimson & orange1 is a w>m]1 m int5sifi$ color1 ) less ( livel9ess & fre%ness4 ,,purple4 ,is ! type ( mon>*ical enlight5m5t4 ,) ,caucasian nations x has be5 ! symbolic color ( royalty1 until 'inve/ ) ! purple1' 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 comes to mean k+dom1 gov]nm5t1 p[]1 to rule4 ,purple is =m$ by ! union ( blue & r$1 tru? & valor4 ,happy ! p :o are truly gov]n$ by tru? & valor6 ,! ,tyrian purple 0 fam\s 9 ,hom]'s days1 & our dreams ( ,tyre & its spl5dor are all color$ by ?is mo/ gorge\s ( dyes1 ! manufacture ( :i* f a species ( %ell fi% gave ?is anci5t city a celebrity :i* all its o!r arts comb9$ c\ld n equal4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! symbolic colors ) :i* ! high prie/'s robe 0 wr\ght 9 figures ( pomegranates ^u its skirt2 & :5 ,solomon s5t to ,hiram1 k+ ( ,tyre1 = a cunn+ workman to assi/ 9 build+ ! temple1 he did n fail to require he %\ld be skill$ 9 purple4 ,dur+ ! "t ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 ! ,tyrian purple 0 valu$ s highly t a p\nd ( clo? twice dipp$ 0 sold = ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty doll>s4 ,ev5 a purple bord] ab\t a robe 0 a m>k ( dignity4 ,,violet4 ,is a color t has (t5 be5 worn by m>tyrs2 =m$ ( a union ( r$ & blue1 x signifies love & tru?1 & _! passion & suff]+4 ,x is ! c\rt m\rn+ color all ov] ,europe1 ) ! exception ( ,engl&4 ,x is ! s(te/ ( ! prismatic colors1 & its v "n c>ries u 9 ?\ght to ! mode/ sweet fl[] :i* is ,flora's emblem ( humility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( "o ( ! colors ( ! spectrum ,i h fail$ to speak1 because !re 0 s little to say4 ,orange is a bright1 w>m color1 n q z int5se z r$1 /ill "o :i* ! eye does n readily seek4 ,its suitabl5ess 9 dress is conf9$ ma9ly to *ildr54 ,^u !m our eye naturally seeks = bright1 w>m colors1 & re/s ) a k9d ( pleasure ^u ri* hues4 ,!re is no?+ ^u :i* ! public ta/e requires m education ?an ^u ! arrangem5t & modification ( colors4 ,g>d5]s ne$ x 9 sett+ _! plants & putt+ 9 _! se$s2 flori/s1 9 ! arrangem5t ( _! b\quets2 furni%]s1 9 ! decoration ( ap>tm5ts2 & especially ! fa%ion lead]s1 :o decide :at colors or %ades mu/ or mu/ n be worn toge!r4 ,sometimes hues are conjo9$ by !m1 t1 no matt] h[ l\dly proclaim$ au fait1 ! height ( /yle1 or la mode1 are nev] arti/ic1 & no dicta c make !m s4 ,a fa%ion fram] %\ld ne$s be a natural philosoph]1 & hold ! rudim5ts ( all sci5ce 9 h] grasp4 ,botany1 m9]alogy1 con*ology %\ld walk z h&maid5s to philosophy2 optics %\ld /e] ! rudd] ( color's b>k :5 laun*$ ^u ! sea ( ta/e4 ,if1 :5 dress$1 ! aim is to pres5t a light & graceful toilet1 light & delicate %ades ( color mu/ be worn2 no crimson1 d>k gre51 purple1 or indigo1 b rose1 light gre51 azure1 or lav5d]1 ) a due admixture ( :ite1 mu/ be ! hues *os54 ,:ite s]ves z an admirable break1 & prev5ts ! appe>ance ( viol5t transition4 ,x is none ! less requisite 9 b\quets1 :]e no two %ades ( ! same color %\ld be all[$ )\t ei!r :ite or gre5 z a sep>ator4 ,v h&some self-color$ b\quets c be arrang$ by giv+ a f9i% ( ! complem5t>y %ade4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful ,i ev] rememb] to h se5 0 sc>let v]b5as ) a base ( rose-g]anium leaves1 ! :ole set 9 a small antique gre5-&-gold vase4 ,al?\gh ! mature fall ( ! ye> clo!s itself 9 gay colors1 x is deem$ an evid5ce ( immaturity = wom5 9 ! fall "t ( life to sport crimson & sc>let & orange4 ,sob] grays 7:i* mean old1 mature71 quiet br[n1 & ev5 sombre blacks1 are r :at are look$ =4 ,to dress "y :5 p are old1 deceives no "o4 ,!re is a beauty ( age z well z a beauty ( y\?4 ,^? :o live to be old h _h _! %>e ( ! =m]3 :y %\ld !y seek to deprive !mselves ( ! latt]8 ,aside f ! appropriat5ess ( color z to age1 !re are yet o!rs z to size & complexion4 ,light-hair$ m5 %\ld always we> v d>k cravats1 9 ord] to give tone & expression to ! face4 ,l>ge wom5 %\ld we> w>m colors1 if !y wi% to create a pleasant impression4 ,!y _c atta9 grace by any aid ( color1 :ile !y w lose ! dignity !y might naturally claim if !y conf9$ !mselves to w>m1 grave %ades4 ,an un>ti/ic arrangem5t ( light or drap]y 9 an ap>tm5t w totally de/roy ! h>mony ( ! mo/ c>efully prep>$ toilet4 ,rooms c be ton$ w>m or cold1 b1 unless "s especial object is s\ght1 neutral t9ts %\ld pr$om9ate1 & viol5t contra/s %\ld be avoid$4 ,:o has fail$ to notice ! fanta/ic tricks play$ at times ^u "s body ( wor%ipp]s1 :]e light to ! *ur* is admitt$ ?r\gh /a9$ glass w9d[s8 ,a lamb5t r$ flame light+ up ! hair ( a man's head1 :ile at ! same mom5t 8 be>d is blue & lum9\s4 ,ov] ! %\ld]s ( ano!r1 ! purple mantle ( royalty seems ab\t fall+1 inve/+ him = a mom5t ) regal spl5dors1 :ile p]haps ! cadav]\s hue ( 8 next neighbor's face well fits him to be "s imag9$ victim ( 8 new maje/y's ang]4 ,color ranks z "o ( ! e>lie/ arts4 ,no nation is s l[ b x makes "s attempt at decorative color1 & we may be well assur$ x 0 "o ( ! e>lie/1 if n ! e>lie/ me?od employ$ 9 transmitt+ intellig5ce4 ,:5 ?is c\ntry 0 fir/ discov]$1 ! ,p]uvians 7 mak+ use ( small knott$ cords ( v>i\s colors1 t]m$ quippu1 z m$iums ( records & messages4 ,our own ,nor? ,am]ican savages employ$ wampum1 made f v>i\s color$ %ells1 = a simil> purpose4 ,color play$ its "p 9 anci5t ,egyptian hi]oglyphics4 ,x speaks to ! eye soon] ?an =m4 ,a black flag hoi/$ ^u ! battle field proclaims l\d] ?an words ! demoniac cruelty t reigns1 :ile a :ite signifies t submission has be5 decid$ ^u4 ,joseph's coat ( _m colors proclaim$ ! fa!r's favoritism to 8 bro!rs1 & work$ a mighty *ange 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race to :i* he belong$4 ,?is v in/ance1 if we possess$ no o!r1 w\ld prove to u ! high e/imation 9 :i* color 0 held1 & its symbolic mean+1 9 ! mo/ anci5t times4 ,! erm9e is an animal ( su* spotless purity x w tol]ate no /a9 on its fur1 & by ?is symbolic "n we designate ! judge1 :o %\ld be /a9less1 unbiass$1 & incorruptible4 ,! highe/ art ( ! flori/ is put =? to procure *ange ( color4 ,self tulips are valueless beside sports1 & to induce ?is break+ v>i\s me?ods are put 9 requisition1 z !re is no sport+ ( colors f natural causes among fl[]s4 ,a gre5 rose1 a blue v]b5a1 are hail$ z triumphs1 & secure ! propagator an enviable "n ei!r z an amateur or pr(essional flori/4 ,p]haps ! mo/ curi\s ?+ connect$ ) color is t "s />s give color$ light2 & 9 "o in/ance1 9 a nor!rn con/ellation1 a d\ble /> gives =? blue rays f "o & r$ f ! o!r4 ,h[ our fancy might be p]mitt$ to so> away beyond ! />s !mselves 9 wond]+ fancies z to ! mean+ ( ?is--tru? & love unit$ 9 a />1 n z a comp\nd color1 b ea* reta9+ its own hue ( blue & r$6 ,:at a happy abode ( tru?ful1 lov+ spirits we c imag9e ?is ! dwell+ place6 ,& may !re n "h be a symbol ( su* a union8 ,! art ( color is yet 9 its infancy1 & al?\gh ,tyrian purple 0 magnific5t & fam\s1 & ! highly priz$ ,turkey r$ unfad+1 yet mod]n *emical discov]y has op5$ a wide v>iety ( hues unkn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,colors obta9$ f vegetable sub/ances h be5 ! mo/ num]\s1 ^? f ! animal k+dom ! mo/ brilliant1 & f ! m9]al ! greate/ v>iety f ! same sub/ance4 ,a buff1 a blue1 & a black1 & aga9 a r$1 a blue1 a purple1 & a violet1 are produc$ f ! same metal4 ,! rec5t discov]y ( anil9e colors1 to be extract$ f coal refuse1 has giv5 art new1 beautiful1 & durable %ades ( r$1 blue1 purple1 & violet4 ,we "k b by description :at ! laud$ ,tyrian purple 01 = monopoly caus$ ! art to be lo/2 b = s(tness1 ri*ness1 & beauty ( purple we h none to approa* t extract$ f ?is refuse4 ,nature means no?+ to be lo/1 & wa/e arises f ignorance4 ,%e is a royal mi/ress :5 royally repres5t$4 ,to ! m9]al k+dom we are indebt$ = mo/ ( ! mordants :i* fix ! hues d]iv$ f o!r s\rces4 ,t 9 union is /r5g? is taught by ! mo/ common art4 ,mu* is yet to be le>n$ 9 reg>d to color4 ,m5 h und]/ood its correspond5ce suffici5tly to associate r$ & cruelty z its l[e/ expression1 s t ! m5 ( ! bloody ,fr5* ,revolution receiv$ an undy+ "n f ! r$ cap ( ! ,c>magnole co/ume--& yell[ ) %ame1 = a ruff ( ?is color on ! neck ( a woman hang$ drove ?is fa%ion out ( ,engl&--& :ite ) purity1 z ! erm9e ( ! judge %[s2 al?\gh1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 ! m5 ( ,t>t>y & ,?ibet priz$ ! wool ( ! ,crimean %eep /a9$ ( a peculi> gray by its fe$+ ^u ! c5t>9a myriocephala1 & al?\gh mod]n g>d5]s deep5 ! hues ( plants by fe$+ !m judici\sly1 yet few atta* ! requisite importance to color z hi/ory4 ,writ]s = ! mo/ "p pass sil5tly by ?is great aid to a correct und]/&+ ( pa/ ev5ts4 ,color 9 co/ume is no less ess5tial to a true description or repres5tation ?an =m2 9 "s in/ances x is m s4 ,! color ( ! silk5 sails ( ,cleopatra's vessel1 z %e sail$ d[n ! ,cydnus1 proclaim$ h] royalty z no o!r c\ld h done4 ,a fairy c\ld n be depict$ )\t h] gre5 robe1 or "y ,aurora unless t9t$ ) ! hues ( morn4 ,"h lies ! great fault ( all sun pictures4 ,! di/9ctive hues ( complexion1 hair1 & eyes are n pres]v$4 ,! flax51 ! auburn1 ! br[n hair alike take black4 ,light eyes & d>k are undi/+ui%able2 ! cle>e/ complexion becomes muddy & full ( l9es if ! color ( ! dress is su* z to ?r[ ! %ade ^u x4 ,a mixture ( colors 9 dress 9 :i* ei!r two ( ! primitives pr$om9ate1 is a tok5 ( b>b>ism1 ev5 if occurr+ among s-call$ enlight5$ p4 ,color is an expon5t ( ! degree ( civilization4 ,,r$ f9ds its fitness among savage races1 & ) undevelop$ natures4 ,,yell[ indicates transition f b>b>ism to civilization4 ,,gre51 advanc$ civilization4 ,,purple1 mon>*ical enlight5m5t1 :i* is w individualiz$ 9 b "o4 ,modification & h>mony are only ) p free to foll[ ta/e & select = !mselves4 ,among ! mo/ enlight5$ nations ^! five /ates are all f\nd4 ,! highe/ type1 %[n by culture1 discov]y1 art1 lit]ature1 sci5ce1 equity1 & gov]nm5t1 exi/s ) b a few4 ,! mass are civiliz$1 & cont9ue '! mass4' ,x is ! natural t5d5cy ( enlight5m5t to individualize4 ,9 proportion to g5ius1 culture1 & p]sev]ance1 is "o set ap>t1 becomes a lead] ( ! masses1 & %\ld be a tea*] ( ! h>mony & correspond5ce ( color1 bo? by precept & example4 ,/rong contra/s are admissible 9 :at is design$ to illu/rate p>ticul> ?+s1 & especially if to be view$ f a di/ance4 ,to me no sight is ev] m beautiful ?an ! ,am]ican flag1 r$1 :ite1 & blue1 z ! breeze op5s e fold & waves x abroad = ! gaze ( m52 ! blue signify+ a league & cov5ant aga9/ oppression1 to be ma9ta9$ 9 tru?1 by valor & purity2 ! v color proclaim+ to despots & tyranniz$ man t 9 "o l& on ! broad face ( ! e>? lib]ty ( consci5ce prevails1 & fre$om ( spee* exi/s4 ,we %all n want to *ange x :5 ?is w> is ov]4 ,x is ! symbol ( an idea :i* has nev] yet f\nd its full utt]ance4 ,:5 ,lib]ty & ,union become "o & indivisible1 x w be ! h>moni\s expon5t ( ^? gr& ideas root$1 budd$1 blossom$1 & be>+ fruit =ev]more4 ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,wild]ness4 ,oh1 h[ our pulses leap$ & ?rill$1 :51 at ! dead ( night1 ,we saw our legions mu/]+1 & m>*+ =? to fight6 ,l9e aft] l9e comes surg+ on ) m>tial pomp & pride1 ,& all ! pageantries t gild ! battle's crimson tide4 ,a =e/ ( bright bayonets1 l />s at midnight1 gleam2 ,a hundr$ glitt]+ /&>ds fla% above ! silv] /ream4 ,we plung$ into ! ,wild]ness1 & morn+'s e>ly dawn ,disclos$ our gallant army 9 l9e ( battle drawn4 ,an e>ly zephyr fre% & sweet brea!d ?r\gh ! =e/ %ade2 ,a ?\s& happy w>bl]s1 too1 a pleasant music made2 ,& mode/ blossoms ba!d 9 dew ! morn+ light reveal$3 ,oh1 :o c\ld deem ^? pleasant %ades a savage foe conceal$8 ,) lagg+ pace ! morn+ h\rs dragg$ heavily away1 ,& yet we wait ! com+ /rife1 9 battle's /]n array4 ,a solemn /illness reigns ar\nd--b h>k6 a savage yell1 ,z if t5 ?\s& angry fi5ds _h bur/ ! gates ( hell1 ,n[ ?rills ^u our />tl$ e>s4 ,by heav56 ! traitors come6 ,we see _! gleam+ bann]s1 we he> ! ?robb+ drum4 ,9 solid ranks1 _! c\ntless hordes f ! d5se woods em]ge1 ,& roll ^u our s]ri$ l9es l ocean's angry surge4 ,our ranks are sil5t--on ea* face ! light ( battle gl[s3 ',ready6' ,at once our poli%$ tubes are levell$ on our foes4 ,n[ leaps a livid lightn+ up--f rank to rank x flies-- ,a fe>ful diapason r5ds ! ar*es ( ! skies4 ,! wood$ hills seem reel+ be=e t fi]ce recoil2 ,) fire & smoke ! valleys l ,etna's crat]s boil3 ,f r$ volcanoes bur/+1 hiss+1 hurtl+ 9 ! sky1 ,a ?\s& dea?-w+$ mess5g]s l fi]y meteors fly3 ,)9 t see?+ vortex _! %att]$ cohorts reel4 ',fix bayonets6' ,at once our l9es bri/le ) burni%$ /eel4 ',*>ge6' ,& our gallant regim5ts bur/ ?r\gh ! feu d'enf]4 ,be=e _! furi\s onset ! rebel ho/s give way2 ,&1 surg+ backw>d1 hide aga9 )9 ! =e/'s %ade1 ,^: mazes d>k & intricate our *>g+ columns /ay$4 ,n[ s9ks ! fi]y orb ( day1 half hidd5 f our sight ,amid ! sulphur\s cl\ds ( w> dy$ r$ 9 lurid light2 ,& soon ! smok+ ,wild]ness ) gloom & d>kness fills2 ,! d5se1 damp foliage on ! sod a bloody dew di/ils4 ,sleepless we re/ ^u our arms4 ,dim lights flit ?r\gh ! %ade3 ,we he> ! groans ( dy+ m51 ! rattle ( ! spade4 ,& :5 ! morn+ dawns at la/1 res\nd+ f af> ,we he> ! cra% ( musketry1 ! ris+ d9 ( w>4 ,o comrades1 comrades1 rally r\nd1 close up y\r ranks aga92 ,weep n our bre?r5 fall5 ^u ! crimson pla92 ,= unborn ages %all _! tombs ) fre%e/ laurels tw9e2 ,_! names 9 *>act]s ( light on hi/ory's page %all %9e3 ,we all mu/ die2 b few may w9 a dea?less prize ( life-- ,close up y\r ranks--aga9 ! foe r5ews ! bloody /rife4 ,two days we /ruggl$ fi]cely aga9/ our /ubborn foes-- ,two days f out ! ,wild]ness ! d9 ( conflict rose4 ,b :5 ! ?ird aurora ba!d ! ea/]n sky 9 gold1 ,& to our soldi]s' anxi\s gaze ! field ( dea? unroll$1 ,lo6 all 0 sil5t 9 our front4 ,! rebel ho/s _h fl$1 ,ab&on+ 9 ha/y flight _! w\nd$ & _! dead4 ,come1 fri5ds ( fre$om1 ga!r r\nd1 l\d %\ts ( triumph give3 ,! field ( blood is won at la/--let ! republic live6 ,our c\ntry1 ,o our c\ntry1 our he>ts ?rob wild & high2 ,y\r cause has triumph$4 ,god be prais$6 ,fre$om %all nev] die4 ,our eagle pr\dly so>s to-day1 8 talons ba!d 9 gore1 ,= treason's hydra head is cru%$--its reign ( t]ror o'er4 ,wake1 wake y\r %\ts ( triumph all ?r\gh our mighty l&1 ,f ,cali=nia's gold5 hills to pr\d ,potomac's /r&4 ,atlantic's waves exult+ ,pacific's bill[s call1 ,& great ,niag>a's cat>acts 9 l\d] ?und]s fall4 ,we've /ay$ ! tempe/ black z night t on our c\ntry l[]s1 ,& backw>d da%$ its waves ( blood4 ,! victory is ours6 ,a light %9es f ! ,wild]ness--f> up "t's pa?way /reams-- ,?r\gh dea?1 & blood1 & agony1 on ,calv>y's cross x gleams2 ,x lights ) radiance div9e ,m\nt ,v]non's humble tomb1 ,& sp>kles on ,h>modius' sword bright fla%+ ?r\gh ! gloom4 ,ho6 slaves ( ye/]day1 arise1 n[ w y\r *a9s be riv54 ,ho6 tyrants1 tremble1 = behold a day ( v5geance giv54 ,gaze on our bann]s /a9$ ) blood--?9k ( y\r bre?r5 sla92 ,say1 has n fre$om1 cru%$ to e>?1 sprung =? to life aga98 ,fre$om1 high fre$om1 fri5d ( man1 %ea? n ?y crimson /eel2 ,/ill let ?y cannon ?und] l\d1 /ill let ?y trumpet peal2 ,/ay n ! ju/ice ( ?y wra?1 /ay n ?y v5geful h&1 ,till slav]y & treason h be5 blott$ f our l&4 ,,t>dy ,,tru?s4 ,"u ! head+ ( ',t>dy ,tru?s' ,! ,new ,nation1 ( ,may #g?1 republi%$ a comp5dium ( matt] "s "t back giv5 to ! _w by ,m4 ,emile de ,gir>d91 9 8 pap] ,la ,presse1 & 9 pamphlet =m4 ,?is matt] purports to h be5 writt5 by a s-call$ ex-comm&ant 9 ! late ,poli% insurrection1 a c]ta9 ,m4 ,f\quet1 ( ,m>seilles4 ,pol& has no reason to fe> tru?4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! difficulty has be5 to f9d means to set x =?1 av5ues to ! public intellig5ce & s5se ( ju/ice1 :]eby ^? might be rea*$ :o =get ! ,lat9 say+3 ,audi et alt]am p>tem4 ,! ,poles are will+ to he> reproa*es1 if su* z may be pr(it$ by1 or if ! self-con/itut$ judges be consci5ti\s & unprejudic$4 ,b1 may we n ask :y x is t _m ( ^! s-call$ tru?s1 pr(ess$ly f\nd$ ^u p]sonal acqua9tance ) ,poli% localities1 m51 & in/itutions1 spr+ f s\rces 9 _m respects simil> to t ( ! rec5t publication 9 ,la ,presse1 f individuals :o nev] 7 9 ,pol& beyond a few h\rs sp5t 9 ,w>saw--:o h se5 no?+ ( ! c\ntry1 except z pass+ 9 a pass5g] c> f ,krac[ to ,mohilew1 a di/ance ( ab\t sev5 hundr$ miles1 trav]s$ 9 ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs--:o nev] und]/ood "o ^w ( ,poli%1 ( ,rossian1 or ( any ( ! cognate tongues--:o h nev] conv]s$ freely ) ! inhabitants--:o may h be5 ent]ta9$ dur+ a few h\rs by ,gov]nm5t employs or by cauti\s & di/ru/ful patriots--:o 7 9 a hurry to see ,/4 ,pet]sburg & its elephant1 & :o le>n$ ,poli% hi/ory 9 ! ,kreml91 9 ! saloons ( "s =m] pr9ce f ! ,altay or ! ,caucasus1 or1 at be/1 9 ! "w ( ,m4 ,koydan(f8 ,la ,presse1 9 ,p>is1 und]took ! *>ge ( say+ ?+s :i* h] frank] si/]s1 ,le ,nord & ,la ,nation1 ! av[$ organs ( ,rossian cz>ism1 did n v5ture to prop\nd4 ,m4 de ,gir>d91 ^: pap] has1 s9ce a c]ta9 p]iod1 tak5 a lib]ali/ic1 ev5 sociali/ic1 infection1 is a liv+ example ( sundry anomal\s ecc5tricities1 su* z ,alcibiades1 ,grac*us1 ,mirabeau1 etc41 :o speak mo/ lib]ally1 & act 9 a contr>y mann]4 ,he seems to h be5 adopt$ by ,rossian diplomati/s1 & ^? sangu9e ( ,rossian de/9y1 z a mo/ conv5i5t def5d] ( cz>i% ambition--! m s t !y f\nd 9 him a reveal] ( ?+s nev] ?\ght ( by ! cz>2 z = in/ance1 lib]ality & ev5 democracy 9 ,great ,rossia1 on ! pla9s ( ,okka & ,pets*ora4 ,we might comp>e ,m4 ,f\quet's acc\nt ( ,pol& ) ,neumann's acc\nt ( ,kosciusko1 or ,fr5eau's ( ,wa%+ton1 b w cont5t ourselves ) ref]r+ ! read] to bett] ,european s\rces ( k1 z ! ,breslau ,zeitung1 ,o/ ,deuts*e ,zeitung1 ,czas1 ,wiek1 ,la ,pologne1 etc4 ,inde$1 x w\ld n be wor? our :ile to pay any att5tion to ,m4 ,f\quet's allegations1 _h n ! ,p>is lett] ( ,april #d? appe>$ 9 ! above-m5tion$ pap]1 & 7 x n likely to mislead _m ignorant ( ! facts4 ,! writ] tells u t he has 'exp]i5c$ a great temptation to tell :at he has se51' & to 'expose ! result ( exp]i5ce acquir$ at 8 own co/1 ) all att5dant risk & dang]4' ,probably we d n und]/& ! fe> ( ! au?or ( ',t>dy ,tru?s1' & wi% to give no ext5d$ explanation to 8 conclusion3 ',a r>e opportunity occurs at pres5t1 & he pr(its by x4' ,we h be5 taught t we mu/ always h c\rage to speak ! tru?4 ,surely no great am\nt ( t noble quality is requir$ to make accusations 9 a pap] f> f ! sc5e ( action1 & pron\nce a v]dict :]e !re c be no adequate def5ce1 no judges1 only ! advantage ( ! fa%ion ( ! day1 & ! crav+ = problematical b5efits & fri5d%ip1 to :i* we mu/ apply ,moore's comp>ison3 ',l ,dead ,sea fruits1 t tempt ! eye1 ,b turn to a%es on ! lips4' ,let u nev] be deceiv$3 a free nation 9 ! embrace ( absolutism mu/1 soon] or lat]1 fall a prey to ! cajol]'s hypocrisy & gre$4 ,! correspond5t reports t ! ,poli% ,committee 9 ,p>is decl9$ to give him in=mation or furni% means1 & ev5 said t !y did n wi% volunte]s4 ,all ?is may readily be expla9$ by ! consid]ation t a man :o !reaft] prov$ to be s bitt] an enemy 0 n suffici5tly diplomatic to deceive ev5 ! obtuse p]ceptions ( s undes]v+ a body z ! au?or describes said committee4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld h be5 m prud5t = ! writ] to h said less on ?is topic1 z su* hesitation 9 accept+ 8 s]vices might induce ! read] to ?9k t ! ,poles 7 n s anxi\s = ext]nal aid z he seem$ to fancy4 ,we also "k t n only at pres5t 9 ,pol&1 b 9 =m] ages1 & 9 our own days1 9 ! happie/ ( c\ntries1 !re c be no revolution1 no w>1 :i* w n attract a ho/ ( m5 covet\s ( rank or =tune4 ,lately1 9 ,pol&1 by c]ta9 judici\s arrangem5ts1 ?is calamity has be5 prev5t$1 to ! great dissatisfaction ( _m4 ,no "o c d\bt or d5y t ! int]e/ ( v>i\s ,gov]nm5ts1 & ! s5se ( ju/ice among nations1 gave ! ,poles a "r to expect =eign aid4 ,! assurances ( c]ta9 politicians & /atesm5 ev5 gave reasonable expectation ( su* a result4 ,su* aid w\ld ( c\rse nei!r be reject$ nor treat$ ) indiff]5ce4 ,b ! ass]tion t ! ,poles reli$ solely on su* aid is 79 ! face ( ! manife/o ( ,janu>y #bb;d & ,july #ca/1 #ahfc7 ei!r a pro( ( ill w1 or ( entire ignorance ( ! res\rces ^u :i* ,pol& 0 b\nd to rely1 & :i* c\ld n be intru/$ to ! discretion ( e volunte] or pret5d$ well-wi%] to ! ,poli% nation4 ,cont9u+ 8 imputations1 ! accus] says he only le>n$ aft]w>d :y sev5 ?\s& ,p>isian workm51 regi/]$ at ,m4 d',h>c\rt's committee1 '7 n s5t =?4' ,! probable purport ( ?is reproa* is3 ',!y 7 n s5t = fe> ( ! introduction ( lib]al elem5ts--& ! prolet>iat--into ,pol&4' ,z to ! latt]1 we may at once confid5tly answ] t1 7 ,pol& free to-day1 ! condition ( ! labor+ class 9 ,we/]n ,europe ne$ n be dread$ = a hundr$ ye>s to come4 ,z to ! lib]al elem5t1 does ! au?or inde$ ?9k t ,pol& has _h no ,lib]ali/s simil> to ,voltaire1 ,la ,m5nais1 ,victor ,hugo1 ,l4 ,blanc1 ,mazz9i1 or ,h]tz58 ,does he fancy t ,modzewski 79 ! sixte5? c5tury71 ,sk>ga 7a ,ca?olic prea*] 9 ! sev5te5?71 ,morsztyn1 ,jezi]ski1 ,&rew ,zamoyski1 ,hugo ,kollontay1 ,loyko 79 ! eighte5?71 ,/aszye1 ,lelewel1 ,mo*nacki1 ,o/r[ski1 ,czynski1 ,mi]oslawski1 & a ho/ ( o!rs1 cont5t$ ) ! private good !y did1 & =c$ to %un ! jeal\s wat*fulness ( suspici\s rul]s--does he1 we say1 fancy t all ^! ne$$ to be inspir$ by ! lib]ality ( ,p>isian workm51 or ev5 t all ! a=esaid workm5 w\ld apply !mselves to ! dissem9ation ( lib]al op9ions8 ,x is inde$ a great disadvantage to ,poli% ,lib]ali/s1 philosoph]s1 & poets1 t !y speak & write 9 a tongue unkn[n to ! noble philan?ropi/s ( ! ,we/4 ,a great] am\nt ( k w\ld h sav$ ha/y t\ri/s1 v]aci\s lectur]s1 & all-kn[+ diplomati/s _m errors 9 /atem5t & conception1 & mu* av]sion t[>d a noble p1 :o1 if vanqui%$1 w n be cru%$1 & w always res]ve ! "r ( prote/4 ,at all ev5ts1 ?is la/ conclusion ( our correspond5t leads u to suspect t he may p]*ance nev] h be5 9 ,pol&--p]haps nev] ev5 9 ,p>is--s9ce ?is non-s5d+ =? ( sev5 ?\s& ,p>isians 0 bett] und]/ood by e gam9 du faub\rg ?an app>5tly by ! s9c]e n>rator ( ',t>dy ,tru?s4' ,! writ] says fur!r1 t he expect$ to f9d 9 ,krac[ 'activity & inf9ite means4' ,n[1 ! au?or & ! confid5ce ( ! ,poles mu/ h be5 q /rang]s to "o ano!r1 or 8 imag9ation mu/ h misl$ him f>!r ?an 0 becom+ 9 a man ( k & reflection4 ,he does n m5tion ! date ( 8 j\rney1 b we "k ab\t ! p]iod ref]r$ to4 ,x is true t at t "t ,krac[ _h n yet be5 decl>$ 9 a /ate ( siege by ,m4 ,p\illy de ,m5sdorf1 b1 z a p]sonal fri5d ( ! ,cz>1 he _h !n held ,galicia & ,krac[ dur+ ! pa/ ye> "u a m unc]ta9 condition ?an ev5 ! decl>ation ( a /ate ( siege w\ld h produc$4 ,tw5ty ?\s& *os5 (fic]s & soldi]s1 ) discretion>y & greatly enl>g$ p[]s1 & almo/ z _m policem5 & spies1 ) e>ly f$ & increas+ covet\sness = rew>ds1 promotions1 & ord]s1 kept con/ant wat* ov] ! anci5t capital ( ,pol&1 ! la/ remnant ( ,poli% nationality :i* _h be5 engulf$ 9 ! ,european peace ( #ahdf4 ,we may !n safely ass]t t our au?or has giv5 u sket*es f 8 :ims & fancies1 r ?an ! mature results ( 8 judgm5t1 & t he has also neglect$ to direct 8 rese>*es into ! hi/ory ( ! pa/4 ,x is d\btless true t he 0 n desir$ z a volunte]1 & t he f\nd dang] only1 & n =tune1 :i*1 inde$1 we ?9k 8 own sagacity might h taught him f ! fir/4 ,we w\ld be =c$ to d\bt t any "o und]/ood ! policy ( ! ,poli% ,committee 9 ,w>saw :o %\ld apply ! epi!t 'm]c5>y' to ! ,poli% soldi]s4 ,we w\ld n ask our au?or h[ mu* he gave p] diem to ^? "u 8 own comm&3 we h no wi% to rival ! wit ( a ,russian proclamation :i* appe>$ la/ w9t] 9 ,w>saw1 9 :i* ! ,poles 9 g5]al1 includ+ ^? :o f\ght at ,orsza1 ,wielikie ,luki1 ,kir*holm1 ,*ocim1 ,smol5sk1 ,vi5na1 ,zuri*1 ,hoh5l9d51 ,samoci]ros1 ,pultusk1 ,gro*[1 ,iganie1 ,zyzyny1 ,opat[1 etc41 etc41 7 /igmatiz$ z poltroons & c[>ds6 ,x is c]ta9ly true t ! battles ( late h n repres5t$ a file ( tw5ty ?\s& m51 b to call !m on t acc\nt fronti] demon/rations1 is to add subtle calumny to ung5]\s irony2 x is a deviation ev5 f ! v 't>dy tru?s4' ,x is an ass]tion n made 9 an imp>tial _s1 b calculat$ 9 favor (1 & det]m9ately /at$ ) ! int5tion ( su/a9+ ^? :o are ex]t+ !mselves to prove t ,m9sk1 ,grodno1 ,mohilew1 ,wolhynia1 ,podole1 ,plock1 ,augu/[1 ,li?uania1 ,samogitia1 ,liefl&1 etc41 7 anci5t dep5d5cies ( ,russia1 be=e %e _h h]self an exi/5ce ei!r 9 "n or fact6 ,if ! orig9ator ( ! t]m fronti] demon/rations w\ld take ! tr\ble to /udy ! map1 he w\ld n be able to *]i% ! delusion t 8 intellig5t read]s c\ld believe t battles f\ght ne> ,k[no1 ,oszmiana1 ,upita1 ,poniewiez1 ,lida1 ,ihum51 ,dubno1 ,p9sk1 ,mscislaw1 etc41 7 really fronti] demon/rations6 ,?is decl>ation ( ! lett] f ,p>is to ,am]ica w\ld n be ( mu* s]vice to ,! ,j\rnal ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg or ,! ,invalid1 ( ,mosc[1 or increase _! exhil>ation ov] ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,poli% race1 ! de/ruction ( ,poli% pr9ciples4 ,!re is no?+ m natural ?an t a rebuke to ! ,sicle1 ,op9ion ,nationale1 ,patrie1 & p]haps ev5 o!rs1 %\ld foll[ su* /atem5ts--_! views und\bt$ly /& 9 complete opposition to ^? held by ,m4 de ,gir>d91 & advocat$ 9 ,la ,presse4 ,! ass]tion t ! ,poli% ,national ,gov]nm5t _h no object 9 view b to excite & await ! int]v5tion ( ,france2 t ,galicia 0 ! pr9cipal focus ( ! rebellion1 & t ! unkn[n ,gov]nm5t _h no actual exi/5ce1 is1 on ! "o h&1 an unskilful attempt to ju/ify ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,russia & ,au/ria1 &1 on ! o!r1 by ! ignor+ ( all ! reports ( ! ,poli% ,national ,gov]nm5t--all its obvi\s facts1 its pr9t$ docum5ts1 its acts ev]y:]e kn[n & se51 its seizures ( pap]s & docum5ts--& to portray x z a fraud1 a my?1 a dream ( ! imag9ation1 a wild halluc9ation ( a disord]$ bra91 x sugge/s to u ! ?\ght t ! t>dy & pres5t tru?s "h giv5 u ( ,pol& may p]haps h ! same orig9 z t fam\s description 9 "o ( ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg pap]s1 ( '! at la/ truly discov]$ lead] ( ! ,poli% insurrection1' :i* 0 b a portraiture ( a c]ta91 n m5tion$ b easily guess$1 p]sonage 9 ,p>is4 ,we h no reply to make to ?is reproa* 7we c only wond] t "u ! circum/ances !y %\ld ev] h be5 made7 t ! ,poli% volunte]s 7 badly arm$ & illy manag$--possibly !y might h be5 bett] ev5 9 a p>tisan w>4 ,b z to ! want ( skill 9 ! (fic]s1 includ+ su* z ,sk>zynski1 ,bosak1 ,padlewski1 we wond] t ! writ] or 8 fri5d ,f4 c\ld n succe$ 9 mak+ _! tal5ts kn[n & valu$1 & become at lea/ lead]s among ! bl9d4 ,( c\rse he _h to cont5d ) cross-ey$ jeal\sy4 ,yet if1 z a =eign]1 & a le>n$ "o too1 he 01 z he himself in=ms u1 intimately admitt$ into v>i\s *ateaux1 x seems almo/ impossible he %\ld h _h no opportunity to become major1 colonel1 or ev5 g5]al1 s9ce x is well kn[n1 & e =eign] w be> witness to ! fact1 t 9 ^! *ateaux !re has always be5 too mu* att5tion & too great pref]5ce %[n to =eign]s--a pref]5ce1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ! l[] classes d n p>ticipate4 ,z to ! easy *ateau life l$ 9 ,galicia1 z 9 ,russia1 we h a rem>k to (f]4 ,9 a c\ntry expos$ dur+ five or six c5turies to incessant /ruggle aga9/ ,asiatic crav+ = ,european allurem5ts1 or1 to speak m def9itely1 aft] n9ety-f\r ,mongolian incursions1 9 :i* tw5ty millions ( ,poli% p 7 c>ri$ (f1 & ?\s&s ( t[ns1 b\rgs1 & villages 7 de/roy$2 aft] numb]less w>s1 plund]s1 & deva/ations by ,jazygs1 ,turks1 ,muscovites1 ,crusad]s1 ,walla*ians1 ,transylvanians1 ,sw$es1 ,br&5burgians1 etc41 etc42 aft] a hundr$ ye>s ( ! s-call$ pat]nal spoliation ( ,russia1 ,prussia1 & ,au/ria--!re c\ld h be5 no opportunity1 ev5 "u ,graff ,p\illy de ,m5sdorf1 to build com=table *ateaux on ! m\ld]+ ru9s1 or = ! accumulation ( means = an easy life "u ! oppressions ( an ,au/rian t>iff1 :i* exact$ t goods manufactur$ 9 ,lemb]g %\ld be s5t = inspection to ! ,vi5na cu/om h\se be=e be+ expos$ to sale4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few v spl5did *ateaux1 l oases 9 ! ,des]t ( ,sah>a2 !y c be c\nt$ readily on "o's f+]s2 among !m few patriots2 no conspirator1 mu* less an insurg5t or crippl$ invalid1 ev] call$ to ask hospitality4 ,! calumny s (t5 repeat$1 s urg5tly insi/$ ^u1 t ! aim ( ! ,poli% insurrection 0 inconsi/5t1 fooli%1 & wick$1 might n p]haps a/oni% ! read] m ?an ! report ( ! want ( zeal & fai? 9 ! convictions ( ! ,poles1 a fact fir/ reveal$ to ! _w 9 ',t>dy ,tru?s4' ,?is w>n+ ) reg>d to ! true "* ( ! /ruggle on ! %ores ( ! ,vi/ula might prove ( s]vice 9 aid+ ! discrim9ation ( ! ,am]ican p1 & be useful 9 confus+ ! judgm5t ( ! lib]al m5 & newspap]s1 :i*1 :e!r 9 ,g]many1 ,belgium1 ,france1 or ,engl&1 are n too mu* incl9$ to favor ! cause ( ,poli% indep5d5ce2 nay1 x w\ld sp>e ,france ! useless demon/ration 9 ! ,*amb]s1 made 9 consequ5ce ( ! spee* ( ,novemb] #e?4 ,! late ef=ts ( ! ,poles are also %[n to h be5 inspir$ & incit$ by1 & c>ri$ on = ! b5efit (1 ! ,ca?olic cl]gy1 /imulat$ by fanaticism aga9/ ! lib]al1 civiliz+1 enlight5$1 ,rosso-,greek ,*ur*1 a view :i* might & has prov$ v useful to mod]n lectur]s & lett] writ]s4 ,! w>n+ !re9 giv5 might also s]ve to degrade ! ,poli% revolution to ! level ( "s ( ! slave-hold]s' rebellion4 ,let u reflect b = "o s+le mom5t on ! p>allel attempt$ to be drawn1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,new ,york pap]s1 aft] ! un=tunate ,mexican imbroglio & subsequ5t visit ( ! ,russian fleet1 betwe5 ?+s s utt]ly unlike4 ,! ,poles f\ght = ev]y?+ mo/ de> to ! he>t ( man1 = e "r :i* he c ju/ly claim1 = indep5d5ce1 national exi/5ce1 ! "r to use 8 own language1 = ! integrity ( 8 c\ntry2--! ,/ates ( ! ,s\? _h all ^! 9 full possession1 nay1 ev5 ! "r to pass ! law b9d+ ! ,nor?4 ,^! ?+s might be %[n to be ess5tially dissimil> 9 e respect1 b ?is %ort /atem5t is deem$ suffici5t to %[ ! futility ( ! comp>ison4 ,let u n[ proce$ to say a few words ) reg>d to ! plausible argum5ts s g5]ally set =? = ! glorification ( ! ,cz>1 9 respect to ! emancipation ( ! ,poli% s]fs4 ,! ,cz> gave 9 #ahfd :at _h already be5 giv5 by ! ,poles !mselves 9 #ahfc2 less ! soil1 :i* inde$ nev] belong$ to him1 b = :i* he exacts paym5t4 ,besides1 he has confiscat$1 )\t regulations or laws1 ! income f =e/s1 r5ts1 fields1 & fi%]ies1 belong+ to old m51 wom51 & *ildr51 ^: only crime 0 t !y _h be5 born ,poles1 or :om x pleas$ ! hungry ?rong ( unscrupul\s1 gre$y1 & fanatical (ficials1 unb\nd$ 9 _! zeal z 9 _! p[]1 to d5\nce1 accuse1 or dislike4 ,we c\ld fully prove ! fact t ! great] "p ( ! peasants are n[ =c$ by bayonets to "w = ! exact$ pay1 & mo/ ( !m v5ture to d\bt entirely ! propriety ( ! pret5d$ ,russian gift4 ,?is "o circum/ance makes ?is gift 9 ! great] "p ( ,pol& & ev51 ( ,russia m burd5some ?an ! old /ate ( regulat$ labor2 = h[ is a peasant to procure money 9 prov9ces di/ant f m>kets1 riv]s1 & t[ns8 ,"u :at conditions w\ld x be possible to obta9 x8 ,& ev5 9 cases :]e ! peasant may be able to make a sale1 ! value receiv$ = eight bu%els ( potatoes w n be suffici5t to buy him a common axe4 ,h[ _m calves1 c[s1 %eep1 horses1 & hogs are br\ght back f m>ket f ! impossibility ( f9d+ pur*as]s1 ev5 at ! l[e/ prices8 ,n[1 by ! decree ( ,janu>y #bb;d1 ! ,poli% ,national ,gov]nm5t gave fre$om1 & l& reliev$ f all claims1 ?us execut+ :at 0 9 accordance ) ! _s & wi%es ( ! ,poles1 )\t los+ sight ( ! difficulties to be enc\nt]$4 ,x 0 _! imp]ative duty to satisfy & adju/ ! exig5cies ( ! national political economy4 ,=tunately1 x 0 f\nd possible to h>monize ! requirem5ts ( ! c\ntry ) ! p]sonal int]e/s ( ! proprietors4 ,! am\nt ( l& held by !m 0 9 g5]al s l>ge1 t ev5 aft] end[+ ! peasant ) ! allott$ portion1 consid]able w\ld /ill rema9 9 _! h&s4 ,dim9i%$ 9 ext5t & value dur+ ! transitional phase1 ! rema9+ l& w\ld necess>ily rise rapidly 9 value1 because ! emancipat$ peasant w\ld n[ h ! "r to own & buy l&4 ,! calculation might be su/a9$ t x w\ld qu9tuple 9 value 9 ! c\rse ( fifty ye>s4 ,small f>ms f _! possessions w\ld soon be 9 ! m>ket1 f>ms )9 ! range ( small purses & limit$ means1 & ! proprietors did n fail to see ! advantage :i* w\ld accrue to !m 9 ! almo/ unlimit$ increase ( pur*as]s :i* w\ld soon be f\nd among ! enfran*is$ labor]s4 ,! peasants ga9$ fre$om1 l&1 & _m advantages1 nor 7 ! proprietors ru9$ 9 _! advancem5t4 ,h5ce ! ,national ,gov]nm5t effect$ :at ! ,rossian nev] int5d$ to d or ev] w a*ieve3 ga9 & loss 7 equaliz$ 9 ! national duty ( su/a9+ ! c\ntry 9 its progressive c\rse1 /imulat+ all to labor simultane\sly to support its public burd5s1 to aid 9 ! g5]al advancem5t4 ,! real fre$om ?us ga9$1 9 accordance ) ! f>-sight$ policy ( ! ,poli% ,national ,gov]nm5t1 op5$ wide ! door to lib]ty1 trade1 comm]ce1 & ex*ange2 a policy :i* cz>ism1 ev5 9 its mo/ lib]al mood1 c nev] admit1 because x w\ld condemn itself1 & give ! dea? bl[ to its own exi/5ce4 ,!re is ano!r specialty peculi> to ! ,rossian ,gov]nm5t1 nev] =gott5 by ^? :o live "u its rule1 viz43 ! late emancipation 0 begun ab\t ?ree ye>s ago by an ukase ( no v decid$ purport1 :i* 0 foll[$ by _m o!rs ( l unc]ta9 "*1 accord+ ) ! v>y+ views ( ^? by :om !y 7 dictat$1 by ! p>tisans ( emancipation or by ^? /&+ 9 opposition to x4 ,^! ukases are rang$ 9 _! appropriate num]ical titles1 & !re are at lea/ five hundr$ ?\s& ( !m--:e!r imp]ial or s5atorial1 all legally b9d+4 ,:at memory c\ld /& su* a burd51 or :at might legal cavil n f9d !re98 ,x is an easy ?+ to 'speak = ,buncombe1' z we say 9 ,am]ica2 x is an easy ?+ to proclaim measures :5 we take no ?\ght ( h[ !y may be c>ri$ out2 x is easy to excite ! en?usiasm ( ! popul> lectur]1 always 9 se>* ( novelty ) :i* to fe$ 8 he>]s2 x may be pleasant to furni% v5om to w\nd$ self-e/eem or disappo9t$ & petty ambition--b x w be f\nd an exce$+ly difficult task to reconcile absolutism ) fre$om1 cz>ism ) lib]alism1 ! division ( m5 into appo9t$ ca/es & classes ) ! exi/5ce ( lib]ty & political equality4 ,we are assur$1 n only by ! writ] ( ! lett] 9 "q1 b by ! sages ( ,new ,york1 t ! ,poli% peasants 7 n will+ to fight = ,pol&1 t !y call$ _! c\ntrym5 n[ 9 arms aga9/ ,rossia 'dogs ( nobles1' & 't x 0 really _! duty to rise aga9/ & d5\nce _! =m] ma/]s to ,rossia & ,au/ria6' ,if ^! ass]tions are true1 :o !n fill$ ! ranks ( ! ,poli% insurg5ts8 ,:o furni%$ food to ^? :o liv$ = mon?s 9 ! dep?s ( =e/s1 ! haunts ( m\nta9 gorges8 ,h[ 0 x possible t )\t ! connivance ( ! peasants ! insurg5ts %\ld pass to & fro1 or lie hidd5 9 woods & fields8 ,x 0 /at$ au?oritatively t ! insurg5ts1 7 compos$ pr9cipally ( ,hung>ian refugees1 ab\t t5 ,fr5*m51 a few /rang]s f o!r nations1 b ( ! numb] ( ! less] nobility1 m51 9 %ort1 9 se>* ( %elt] & =tune4 ,a /range =tune1 a m>vell\s %elt] inde$ to rew>d ! gre$ ( ! ambiti\s--exile1 dea?1 & torture6 ,7 ! te/imony ( su* witnesses to be reli$ ^u1 we might well exclaim3 ',tru? is inde$ /rang] ?an fiction4' ,yet h[ is x t we f9d among ! sev5 hundr$ patriots :o 7 hung s _m ,poles1 less ?an a half ( :om 7 ,ca?olics1 _m ( :om 7 ,jews1 ,prote/ants1 & ev5 ,rosso-,greeks ( v>i\s classes8 ,among ! =ty ?\s& kn[n deport$1 torn ru?lessly away f _! native homes = c5turies1 we f9d ne>ly five ?\s& ,israelites1 t5 ?\s& peasants 7kn[n71 & f f\r to six ?\s& ( ,greek & o!r cre$s4 ,! two villages ne> ,lida1 two 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,grodno1 ! hundr$s ( villages & ?\s&s ( huts ne> ,dw9a1 ,rzezyca1 ,mohilew1 ,witebsk1 burn$1 raz$ to ! gr\nd by an excit$ & hir$ rabble ( ,muscovite ,muziks1 :o _h s\ght & f\nd hospitality 9 ,pol& = hundr$s ( ye>s--c]ta9ly all ^! villages & huts 7 n inhabit$ ev5 by ! 'less] nobility4' ,& x is also c]ta9 t ! dwell]s 7 n s cruelly puni%$ = d5\nc+ ! 'dogs ( nobles'--an expression1 if we are n mi/ak51 tak5 f ! vocabul>y ( ! corporal or subalt]n (ficials1 & :i* has nev] rea*$ ! f\rte5? class--f :i* ! ,rossian beg9s to reckon humanity4 ,! allegation ( ! exi/5ce ( unroot$ feudalism 9 ,pol&1 because su* a sy/em 0 kn[n to ! :ole ( ,middle ,europe1 mu/ be acc\nt$ = by ! evid5t ignorance ( ,poli% hi/ory2 & we assure bo? tea*]s & read]s1 not)/&+ ! evid5t wi% to f9d x 9 ,pol&1 t x 0 unkn[n to h]1 nor c\ld x subsi/ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,poli% in/itutions1 habits1 cu/oms1 & geography4 ,we c sc>cely suppose x possible t our au?or means to ins9uate t ?\s&s ( noble families b\ght & transport$ arms = ! purpose ( speculation4 ,not)/&+ ! evid5ce he _h ( "o su* bad bus9ess transaction = ! purpose ( su/a9+ & uphold+ ! insurrection1 8 frequ5t intimations ( ! incorrigible & unruly "* ( ! few ,poles left1 w\ld almo/ au?orize u 9 believ+ t su* 0 ! int5tion ( ! writ] :5 speak+ ( ! a=esaid arms4 ,oh1 9 ! "n ( common s5se1 = ! sake ( ! m5 ^: c\ntry has be5 torn f !m1 :o may n speak _! mo!rs' tongue 9 ! l& ( _! fa!rs1 :o are =bidd5 to wor%ip 9 accordance ) ! dictates ( _! consci5ce1 ^: sacr$ homes are desecrat$ by ! pres5ce ( privileg$ spies1 :o _c sit d[n 9 peace 9 ! holy quiet ( ev5+1 because !y "k t ! morr[ may see !m dragg$ (f to unkn[n & inaccessible dungeons1 or summon$ be=e brutal judges )\t def5d]s1 :]e !y w f9d accus]s1 b w be all[$ to cite no witnesses2 subject$ to witness ! horrible anxiety endur$ e spr+ & fall by ,poli% fa!rs & mo!rs le/ ! sons ( _! love %\ld be unexpect$ly seiz$ 9 ! night & hurri$ (f ov] ! ,caucasus1 ! ,ural1 or to ! m\? ( ! ,am\r1 to s]ve 9 ! army ( ! oppressor = life1 or long] ?an home memories 9 su* "y bosoms c\ld be expect$ to la/1 ) no prospect ( rew>d save su* z may be reckon$ 9 ! numb] ( palkis & pletnis 7:ips & la%es72 sons1 :e!r ri* or poor1 to be expos$ to cavil1 cunn+1 & v9dictiv5ess1 to ! practices ( gambl+ judges & a pr(ligate soldi]y1 to a v5al police1 to fraudul5t employs1 !mselves badly paid = s]vice1 b ^: extortions & abuses always meet ) approval1 a s+le compla9t aga9/ :om w\ld expose ! compla9ant to be s5t ?r\gh t hopeless gate always op5 on ! r\te to ,sib]ia2--oh1 = ! sake ( common humanity1 say n t m5 plac$ 9 su* situations h1 9 spite ( _! glori\s hi/ory1 no rights1 no claims on human sympa?y1 no cause to sacrifice life ev5 :5 x has become a haunt+ horror6 ,believe n t su* compla9ts are inv5tions3 ! facts are kn[n to ev]ybody :o w look ^u !m4 ,!y are no sl&]\s /ories1 b occurr5ces r5ew$ ) e morn+1 tak+ place "u all circum/ances & ) e transaction pat5t to ! _w4 ,!y 7 appreciat$ & describ$ 9 ,prussia1 & ev5 9 ,au/ria v]ifi$1 n long be=e ! la/ campaign4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 :at mu/ be ?\ght ( ! discov]ies & conclusions ( writ]s :o ass]t t '! ,poli% nation is a m]e *im]a'8 ,z no individual1 mighty z he may be1 c by a blasphem\s ^w suppress ! exi/5ce ( ! ,et]nal ,fa!r1 s nei!r passion nor love1 favor nor animosity1 int]e/ nor purpose ( ! mo/ tal5t$ or ambiti\s1 c erase at pleasure a nationality :i* has a hi/ory ( ov] a ?\s& ye>s ( exi/5ce1 a nationality prov$ by ! la/ hundr$ ye>s ( incessant /ruggle = indep5d5ce ) ?ree giants4 ,?is nation has m>k$ its b\nd>ies ) gravey>ds t[>d ! ,dnie/]1 ,dniep]1 ,niem51 & ,dw9a1 :]e re/ ! beat5 hordes ( ,batu or ,nogays4 ,c ! record be eras$ ( ! p[] t broke ! sword ( ! ,osmanlis1 & 0 x a *im]a t pres]v$ ,we/]n ,europe f su* sights z ,pol[ce & ,piets*9iegs1 etc48 ,y may p]haps to-day designate z a *im]a ! ,vi5na sav$ 9 #afhc1 t v ,vi5na :i* 9 #ahae fir/ conceiv$ ! idea ( s[+ ! se$s ( di/ru/ betwe5 ,galicians & ,lodom]ians--an idea soon aft] adopt$1 p]fect$1 & publicly propagat$ by ,rossians1 :o appli$ ! practice to ,li?uanians1 ,volhynians1 ,podolans1 ,polans1 ,radymicians1 etc4--an idea n[ held 9 ! fi]ce grasp ( ,muraview1 ,ani5k[1 & probably at no v di/ant p]iod to be recall$ to ! m9d ( ! orig9ator4 ,! g5tleman's k ( ,russians 7! true "n is ,rossians1 ! o!r be+ assum$ to effect a c]ta9 purpose 9 ,we/]n ,europe71 ,prussians1 & ,au/rians1 to ! exclusion ( ,poles1 proves only t 8 geographic & e?nographic rese>*es 9 ,pol& w5t no f>!r ?an ^? ( ! 'reliable g5tleman' :o describ$ ! ,bunk] ,hill monum5t "u ,presid5t ,lafayette4 ,9 addition to ! above1 let u consult simply ! s\nd ( ! names ( places1 & we c =m "s idea ( ! ext5t ( races & nationalities4 ,n[gorod1 ,kaluga1 ,psk[--are ,rossian2 ,telsze1 ,szawle1 ,rosi5ie--,li?uanian2 ,w9szpilis1 ,gielgawa1 ,libosie--,c\rl&2 ,lubl91 ,o/rol5ka1 ,plock--,poli%2 ,wlodrimirz1 ,zytomirz1 ,b]dyczev--,volhynian4 ,9 ,au/ria1 are ! inhabitants ( ,v5ice1 ,prague1 & ,buda1 ,au/rian8 ,! "n ( ,prussia is an old "o ( ,slavonians liv+ at ! m\? ( ! ,vi/ula1 & has no etymology 9 ! ,teutonic language4 ,^? ( ,galicia & ,lodom]ia are unskilfully disfigur$ f ,halit% 7,halicz7 & ,wlodzimir4 ,! "n ( ,prussia 0 assum$ by ,fr$]ic ,,ii41 m>grave ( ,br&5burg1 :5 he took ! title ( k+1 at ! same "t giv+ solemn oa?s nev] to pret5d to ! sov]eignty ( ,dantzick 7,gdansk71 ,?orn 7,torun71 etc4 ,! pres5t empire ( ,alex&] is n ( ,russia1 b ( ,rossia1 & ! "n ( ,russia is impos$ on ,polans ne> ,ki[1 on ,radymicians ne> ,n[ogrodek1 on ,drewlans s\? ( ! riv] ,pripec1 etc42 & we mu/ rememb] t ,ca?>9e ,,ii41 9 #agfd1 _h solemnly decl>$ by h] ambassadors1 ,kays]l+ & ,repn91 t %e _h no "r to ,russias or ,ru!nias 9 ,pol&3 ',decl>amus suam ,imp]atoriam ,maje/atem ,dom9am no/ram clem5tissimam ex usu tituli totius ,rossi1 nec sibi1 nec successoribus suis neque ,imp]io suo jus ullum 9 ditiones et t]r qu sub nom9e ,russi a ,regno ,poloni magnoque ducatu ,li?uani possiduntur1' etc4 ,! pr$iction ( ! re/abli%m5t ( s]fdom z a result aim$ at 9 ! pres5t ,poli% /ruggle1 is n only ra% b prepo/]\s1 & has no f\ndation except 9 a fix$ purpose to direct all sympa?y t[>d ,rossia4 ,! true bondage t ti$ man 9 ,pol& to ! soil1 began ) ! introduction ( police1 passports1 c5sors or skaski1 recruit+1 conscription1 & taxation1 introduc$ by ,prussia1 ,au/ria1 & ,rossia1 z s-call$ improvem5ts4 ,pol& _h m free peasants1 call$ ,ziemian91 ,kmiec1 ,kozak1 ?an !re 7 9 ,france dur+ ! rgime ( ! ,gabeles or ,leibeig5s*aft 9 ,g]many4 ,t !y entirely disappe>$ aft] ! fall ( ,pol& 0 surely n h] fault4 ,! peasants on ! e/ates atta*$ to ! cl]gy ( all d5om9ations1 to public s*ools1 to ! cr[n1 & to ! nation1 7 9 a mu* bett] condition1 mat]ially & morally1 ?an are at pres5t ^? 9 "s p>ts ( ,ha9ault & ,?ur+54 ,individual abuses by an unconsci5ti\s "l 7 to be se5 z well 9 ,connaught z ne> ,debrets*yn1 ne> ! ,saone z on ! ,neck]4 ,times--contempor>y ) indep5d5t ,pol&1 & h5ce n v f> back--beheld ^! s9s aga9/ humanity committ$ on a l>g] scale1 & 9 l&s 9 o!rwise happi] conditions4 ,! phrase bond$ labor is kn[n "u ! be/ in/itutions4 ,b ?is excuses no "o4 ,pol&1 )\t any compulsive cause1 9 #agfd & #agfh1 took ^! que/ions into consid]ation2 9 #agia1 0 ev5 m explicit2 & 9 #agib1 ,kosciuszko di/9ctly settl$ ! condition ( ! ,poli% peasant1 & t )\t opposition f ! ,poli% nobility--a measure imm$iately ov]rul$ & suppress$ by ,prussia & ,rossia1 bo? accus+ ,pol& ( be+ a dang]\s ne/ ( ,jacob9ism4 ,9 #ahjg1 9 ! gr& du*y ( ,w>saw1 aft] x 0 retak5 f ,prussia1 ! condition ( ! peasantry 0 f> m cle> & protect$ ?an ev5 n[ promis$ by ! ,cz> ,alex&] ,,ii41 & 0 probably bett] pres]v$ ?an x c be "u ! cr[d ( employs & magi/rates1 nom9ally elect$ by ! peasants1 b 9 fact import$ f ,s>at[1 ,kazan1 ,p5za1 etc41 = ! purpose ( tea*+ lib]ty & ,sib]ian civilization 9 ,w>saw & ,wilna4 ,common s5se & ! ord9>y rules ( logic =ce ^u u ! conviction t writ+s ( ! above /amp are gott5 up to produce c]ta9 effects4 ,c any be f\nd simple en\gh to believe t a :ole p w\ld be ar\s$1 arm$1 & taught to :at end & h[ to use ! giv5 arms1 z 0 done by ! manife/o ( ! ,poli% ,national ,gov]nm5t1 ,janu>y #bb;d1 #ahfc1 only to be deceiv$ & 9 ! end depriv$ ( t = :i* !y _h f\ght8 ,by :at "r c bad fai? be imput$ to l& own]s :om exp]i5ce1 a s5se ( ju/ice1 & ev5 int]e/1 _h already impell$ to get rid ( a useless & burd5some relation8 ,^! l& own]s1 ev5 "u ! ,rossian ,gov]nm5t 79 #ahah71 _h solemnly begg$ ! uncle ( ! pres5t cz>1 ,alex&] ,i41 to all[ !m to be fre$ f ! on]\s responsibilities caus$ by s]fdom "u ,rossian surveillance & sev]ity4 ,! lett] f ,p>is fur!r /ates1 on :at au?ority we "k n1 t ! condition ( ! peasant or s]f 9 ,pol& 0 dreadful until ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is is go+ v f> back1 & probably at t p]iod1 if facts c\ld be f\nd to su/a9 ! writ]'s allegation1 ! condition ( bondm5--vila9s reg>dants--boors1 ,lebeig5s*aft1 manans1 etc41 0 n bett] else:]e4 ,b "h aga9 we mu/ diff] 9 op9ion1 & beg leave to /ate1 n only to ! au?or ( ! lett]1 b to all o!r self-con/itut$ au?orities1 ^: k ( ,pol& is d]iv$ f ,! ,london ,times1 ,*amb]s's ,magaz9e1 ,m4 ,hilp]d+1 ,katt[1 or ,m4 ,morny1 etc41 t1 ) all due respect to _! social positions1 we mu/ d5y !m ! title ( well-in=m$ hi/orians & pr(\nd judges ( ,pol& & ! ,slavonic races4 ,up to ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! peasantry 7,kmiec1 ,ziemiam97 _h its repres5tatives 9 ! diet1 & c\ld f9d entrance into ! ranks ( ! nobility1 :i* _h no divisions into classes or titul> di/9ctions4 ,said nobility _h ! "r to s]ve _! c\ntry dur+ w>1 & a peasant provid+ himself ) a horse & suitable arms1 0 n exclud$ f t class4 ,!y c\ld also take ord]s among ! cl]gy1 & h5ce rise to high dignities 9 ! *ur*4 ,public s*ools 9 ,pol& 7 nev] %ut to ! peasants1 nor 7 any di/9ctions !re9 au?oriz$ 9 favor ( "o or o!r class ( pupils4 ,9 s*ools !n !y enjoy$ all privileges 9 common1 & ^! 7 great--a sep>ate jurisdiction1 & ! facilities ( rea*+ high] ranks4 ,krom]1 ,janicki1 ,poniat[ski1 great names 9 ,poli% hi/ory1 c %[ no o!r orig9 ?an "o ne>] to ! ,ziemian9 ?an to any o!r class4 ,if ! curr5t ( fa%ion did n w>p all judgm5ts 9 favor ( ,rossia1 ! writ]s ( ',t>dy ,tru?s' f ,p>is & else:]e w\ld h reflect$ a little long]1 & w\ld soon h discov]$ t ! ignorance & pov]ty ( ! ,poli% peasantry 7 n due solely to ! ,poles !mselves4 ,poli% s*ools 7 =m]ly all completely free1 & ea* s*ool ev5 _h funds = ! poor1 call$ purses1 f\ndations1 etc4 ,rossia1 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s1 *>g$ z high z #fbe = inscription alone 9 ! high] classes1 & ab\t #be = elem5t>y beg9n]s4 ,h[ c\ld a poor family rise 9 prosp]ity if ?is s*ool 0 (t5 ! fir/ cause ( los+ ! favorite son2 if !y did s5d ! *ild to s*ool !y might lose him z a recruit = ! army or navy1 z designat$ by ! :im ( ! trea*]\s tea*] & recruit+ (fic]2 & ?is did n exempt f public burd5s1 z !y 7 /ill oblig$ to pay taxes = him dur+ t5 ye>s1 & contribute to all public s]vices1 z /ations 7/oyki71 wagons & teams 7rozgony71 repair+ & mak+ public & private roads1 extra po/ s]vice1 besides innum]able s]vices impos$ = 8 own p]sonal b5efit by a spravnik1 /rapts*y1 zasi$atel1 sotnik1 etc4 ,add to ?is ! ?w>t+ ( int]c\rse & comm]ce by e imag9able means "u ! sy/em ( ! fam\s ,m4 ,kankr94 ,c\ld ! peasant or ! ma/] become weal?y :5 a measure call$ a ton1 weigh+ ab\t eight hundr$ & =ty p\nds1 ( :eat br\ght ! enorm\s sum ( #d4be8 a load ( hay1 drawn by "o horse1 sev5ty-five c5ts :5 well paid1 & no?+ :5 want$ by ulans or huss>s g>rison$ 9 ! neighborhood8 ,a h51 ) a doz5 & a half well-gr[n *ick5s1 h>dly br\ght en\gh to pay ! value ( ! commone/ apron4 ,su* ?+s z ^! 7 nev] kn[n 9 anci5t ,pol&1 n[ s unanim\sly accus$ & condemn$ by fa%ionable philan?ropy4 ,ev5 eighty ye>s ago su* abuses w\ld h be5 va9ly look$ =4 ,we rememb]1 9 our y\ng] days1 :5 conv]s+ ) an old s[ietnik 7c\nsellor71 to h he>d him relate 8 bewild]$ a/oni%m5t at ! com=t & well-be+ 9 ,pol& :5 s5t "u an escort ( ,cossacks to introduce ,rossian improvem5ts4 ',:at has become ( !m8' we ask$ innoc5tly4 ',ha6' 0 8 nave reply2 ',/4 ,pet]sburg has s9ce !n gr[n into a spl5did city6' ,let u call ! att5tion ( ,russo-maniacs to ! fact t eighty ye>s ago1 soon aft] ! second p>tition ( ,pol&1 flax 9 ,riga br\ght eight hundr$ & sev5ty flor9s1 :ile 9 #ahde x h>dly br\ght two hundr$ & =ty flor9s2 & ! fam\s :eat ( ,s&omir sold1 at ! fir/-nam$ p]iod1 at sixty1 :ile 9 #ahef x br\ght b>ely ?irty-five4 ,yet money n[ is *eap] ?an be=e #ahjj4 ,did ! ,poli% nobleman1 selfi% & wick$ z n[ seems ! fa%ion to describe him1 =ce ! peasant ( ,samogitia to s]vile "w1 :5 ! latt] _h an opportunity ( draw+ a good pr(it f ! results ( 8 labor 9 ! neighbor+ m>ts ( ,memel1 ,liban1 ,riga1 ,mittau1 ,v5d51 etc48 ,no1 mu/ we answ] to our read]s4 ,!re might h be5 se5 a boor's wife dress$ 9 sky blue l9$ ) fox fur1 & drawn to *ur* 9 a com=table kolaska1 by two excell5t1 plump1 ,samogitian ponies2 & nei!r did ! fa!r ( ! family exhau/ 8 /r5g? 9 night wat*es or day labor1 z he _h tw5ty teams to dispose (1 & c\ld (f] to an unexpect$ visitor a broil$ *ick5 ) milk sauce1 & a c\ple ( bottles ( br[n /\t f ,b>clay1 ,p]k9s ,co41 ( ,london4 ,su* prosp]ity1 al?\gh !n decl9+1 0 /ill to be f\nd 9 #ahcj4 ,:y does x n exi/ to-day8 ,let ?is "q be answ]$ by civiliz]s & democrats f ,tamb[1 ,s>at[1 or ,p5za1 & _! jeal\s apologi/s4 ,our writ] seems to ?9k he has made a wond]ful discov]y :5 he exult+ly exclaims3 ',h[ surpris$ ^! pret5d$ lib]als w\ld be to see t _! ef=ts only t5d t[>d recon/itut+ a mon>*ical ,pol& 70 ,pol& really mon>*ical8--we may d\bt7 "u ! protection ( a feudal & ,ca?olic ,*ur*6' ,su* *>ges 7 also made 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & 7 sugge/$ by simil> motives4 ,i d n feel call$ ^u to def5d ! ,ca?olics ( ,pol&4 ,i w\ld simply retort ^u ! au?ors ( su* sugge/ions1 by ref]r+ to c]ta9 di/+ui%$ rabbis1 z ,heilpr91 ,me9tzel1 ,ja/r[1 etc42 to ,prote/ants1 z ,kon>ski1 ,potwor[ski1 ,kasaius1 ,krolik[ski1 ,czynski1 & ho/s ( o!rs2 & also to ,mohamm$ans1 z ,b>an[ski1 ,mu*a1 ,bielak1 etc4 ,i _c condemn a man because he is a ,ca?olic1 because ,i h ev]y:]e1 & 9 e religi\s community1 f\nd bo? patriots & traitors to _! c\ntry1 to _! orig91 to pr9ciple1 & to _! religion4 ,b ?is ,i mu/ say1 t ( :atev] d5om9ation or sect be ! m9i/] or prie/1 he has a "r to be a fai?ful son to 8 fa!rl& & race4 ,x happ5$ t 9 ,pol& ! ,ca?olic prie/ /ood oppos$ to ! ,rossian pope4 ,if ! latt] c be a ,rossian patriot1 :y %\ld a l s5tim5t r5d] guilty a ,poli% prie/8 ,?is animosity 9 c]ta9 circles proce$s f a p>tiality to ! ,rosso-,greek ,*ur*1 :i*1 "s ye>s ago1 dur+ ! visit ( ! emp]or ,ni*olas to ,engl&1 c]ta9 ignorant or du4 ,by way ( p>5!sis1 we may add t ! ,rosso-,greek ,*ur* sep>at$ long ago f ! ,ea/]n ,greek ,*ur*1 pres]v+1 h[ev]1 all its outw>d =ms4 ,pet] ,i4 aboli%$ ! patri>*ate1 introduc$ 8 own classes & re=ms1 & made himself head ( ! *ur*4 ,he gave ! "n ( synod to a p]man5t c\ncil1 nom9at$1 appo9t$1 dismiss$1 controll$1 rew>d$1 & puni%$ by himself1 accord+ to 8 own judgm5t1 passion1 or w4 ,! ,grco-,rossian ,*ur* is kept "u ! same discipl9e z ! army1 & an (f5d+ pope is s5t1 ) ! rank ( private1 to "s remote regim5t4 ,! au?or ( ! lett] f ,p>is some:at contradictorily ass]ts t ! wom51 be+ sup]ior 9 ,pol&1 gov]n ! m51 b are !mselves gov]n$ entirely by ! prie/s4 ,?is sc>cely tallies ) /rict logic2 b1 = ! sake ( tru? & ( a j respect = our mo!rs1 :o taught u to love our c\ntry & fre$om1 :o gave u /r5g? 9 exile1 & fai? ?r\gh p]secution1 & :o in/ruct$ u h[ to ?9k1 & inspir$ u ) ^? noble s5tim5ts1 seem+ly d5i$ to ! mo!rs ( ! 'fa%ionable civilization' 7( ,/4 ,pet]sburg71 among :om !re is n "o lady writ]--we w ?ank ?is writ] = ! refutation (f]$ by him to an impud5t sl&]1 emanat+ f a contributor to ,*amb]s' ,magaz9e1 ( ,janu>y la/4 ,we repeat t we ?ank him = 8 j tribute to ,poli% wom51 h[ev] inimical he may be to ! ,poli% cause1 & h[ev] mu* he may depreciate our sex4 ,yet x seems /range t1 :ile accus+ ,poli% wom5 ( be+ entirely "u ! control ( ! prie/s1 & h5ce to h be5 *iefly in/rum5tal 9 fom5t+ ! la/ insurrection1 ! au?or did n notice1 or is purposely sil5t reg>d+1 a fact :i*1 z he appe>s to h be5 long] 9 a ,galician *ateau ?an else:]e1 mu/ h fall5 "u 8 notice1 namely1 t 9 ,galicia1 ! ,poli% prie/ 0 ! mo/ decid$ oppon5t to any insurrection4 ,h[1 !n1 c\ld ! active ,poli% wom5-patriots be in/rum5ts ( ! action condemn$ by ! apologi/s ( ! absolute gov]nm5t ( ,rossia8 ,! admonition to ,france1 on ! gr\nd t1 aft] ! revolution ( #aghi1 %e is committ+ a contradictory error by %[+ sympa?y t[>d a revolution gott5 up by prie/s1 is b a consequ5ce ( ! fir/ judgm5t1 & we may leave to ,france & h] s5se ( h] own int]e/s to d :at %e may ?9k "r & pr(itable4 ,we w simply m5tion t1 = ,fr5* glory1 & = ?is error1 z ! au?or calls x1 two hundr$ ?\s& ,poles 7 sla9 9 ,egypt1 ,italy1 ,san ,dom+o1 ,spa91 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 & on ! pla9s ( ,mozajsk1 ,kraslaw1 ,boryss[1 ,eylau1 ,fri$l&1 etc4 ,! monum5t se5 f ! balcony ( ! ,tuil]ies has ! names ^u x1 :i* we sc>cely c suppose to h be5 inscrib$ = ! sole purpose ( fill+ space4 ,! fri5ds ( ,pol& believe t !y s]ve ! cause ( progress by aid+ 9 ! re/abli%m5t ( ! ,poli% nation4 ,we presume !re are pl5ty ( m5 9 ,france :o "k t dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s ,rossia has spread h] dom9ion 9 ,asia ov] twice ! area ( ,g]many & ,france toge!r1 t %e is only eighty miles f ,pek+1 & z f> f ,india z ,vi5na is f ! ,black ,sea4 ,moreov]1 ,asiatic p1 always dream+ ( plund] 9 ,europe1 once arm$ ) ,european ,m9i rifles & rifl$ cannon1 may repeat anew ! incursions ( ,attila1 ,tam]lane1 ,battu1 etc4 ,! end to be ga9$ & ! booty w create ! temptation1 & (f] sup]ior inducem5ts4 ,! ef=t to palliate ,rossian cruelty1 skilful z x is1 by ! alleg$ necessities ( w>1 by d5ials1 or by ass]t+ x to be m]e rev5ge = simil> atrocities committ$ by ,poles1 mu/ be appreciat$ accord+ to ! s\rces :5ce x emanates4 ,:at ! lett] writ] or simil> twelve-h\r visitors saw 9 ,pol&1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,krac[1 ( p %>p5+ knives or prep>+ deadly poisons1 ne$ "h be m]ely ref]r$ to by say+ t 9 times ( g5]al confusion we h no means to =esee or to control p]sonal rev5ge1 & also t we w n "h cite ! reports ( ,poli% pap]s or acc\nts ( ,g]mans4 ,we w take our data f ! ,mosc[ ,invalid1 ! cz>'s ,univ]sal ,j\rnal at ,w>saw1 & ! ,j\rnal de ,pet]sb\rg4 ,f ^! we f9d x /at$ t ! numb] ( m5 hang$ 9 ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five days ( insurrection 0 eight hundr$ & fifty1 besides _m o!rs ^: names 7 n giv5 because x 0 simpl] & m pr(itable to ignore _! orig91 class1 & religion4 ,f ,ki[ alone ,ani5k[ s5t away f\rte5 ?\s& m51 *iefly ( ,greek or o!r non-,roman-,ca?olic religion1 ov] :om ! ,ca?olic prie/ _h nei!r control or influ5ce4 ,f ,w>saw1 e ,saturday dur+ fifty-two weeks1 an av]age ( f\r hundr$ m51 wom51 & *ildr5 7 deport$1 all sep>at$ f _! natural guides & protectors4 ,f ,liefl&1 nor? ( ! ,dw9a1 7 s5t (f1 9 "o mon?1 ?irty-five hundr$ ( ! bett] educat$ & com=table class ( p4 ,a ,gov]nm5t pap] rejoices t ,poli% & ,ca?olic pr9ciples1 gr[+ !re dur+ five c5turies1 7 9 a fair way ( ext9ction1 s9ce1 z x itself admits1 =ty-five ?\s& m5 _h be5 transf]r$ to ! gov]nm5ts ( ,sam>a1 ,or5burg1 ,kazan1 & simil> localities4 ,to burn ! villages ( ,ibanie1 ,sz>ki1 ,hrodki1 ,smoloy1 ,zabolocie1 etc41 to de/roy ! furniture1 horses1 cattle1 & all o!r prop]ty1 to s5d ! inhabitants on foot1 only all[+ = ! ag$ & "y *ildr5 a few small wagons1 f> away into a cold1 /range1 savage c\ntry1 )\t tools1 means1 etc4--0 all ?is done m]ely z a milit>y necessity1 & 0 x excusable1 or1 at mo/1 m]ely blamable8 ,n[1 c]ta9 correspond5ts & lectur]s1 ) o!r g5tlem51 d5y ! use ( ! la% or :ip on ! backs ( wom5 & ladies1 because ! ,am]ican p _c c\nt5ance su* b>b>ism4 ,to say ! lea/ ( su* a d5ial--x is gratuit\s4 ,au/ria daily publi%es simil> judgm5ts z ! result ( police c\rt trials4 ,9 ,rossia1 !y are n publi%$1 because ! adm9i/ration ( la%1 :ip1 & sc\rge is left to ! pat]nal discretion ( e s]geant1 lieut5ant1 police commiss>y1 & di/rict con/able1 & is enjoy$ by !m to _! he>ts' cont5t4 ,x is ! me?od employ$ = ages by ,rossia1 & consid]$ z an indisp5sable app5dage to patri>*al cz>ism & its lieut5ants4 ,we _c wond] at su* d5ials1 = _! au?ors h ord9>ily be5 br\ght up "u a bett] /ate ( ?+s1 & nev] le>n$ 9 _! y\? ! possibility ( resort to su* practices3 ! less also c we wond] :5 we "k t !y met only simil> d5ials 9 ! high] ,rossian society1 & :5 we consid] t su* d5ials came f a s\rce "o is naturally incl9$ to respect1 :5 ! man d5y+ seems respectable4 ,h[ c we fancy a lie told by a g5tleman 9 gold5 uni=m1 or a lady 9 a lace dress8 ,b if ! def5d]s ( ! civilization ( ,rossia & ( ! noble mann]s ( its ari/ocracy knew all ! cruel judgm5ts ( ,rossian ma/]s1 ! lewdness1 recklessness1 indec5cy1 & %all[ness (t5 conceal$ b5ea? _! artificial good bre$+ & app>5t c\rtesy1 !y w\ld le>n t laces may cov] co>se tissues1 & gold hide corrod$ brass4 ,! gaudy dress & uni=m s]ve b to p]mit m d>+ de$s2 ! m !y glitt]1 ! m impunity !y conf]4 ,"u e ,gov]nm5t1 & m especially "u a despotism1 subalt]n (fic]s may be sure ( impunity to abuse1 provid$ x is done "u ! guise ( zeal & devotion4 ,dur+ ! pa/ ye> we h he>d & read 9 lectures1 newspap]s1 correspond5ces1 etc41 _m flatt]+ /atem5ts ( ! beauty ( ! ,rossian ,gov]nm5t1 & ! cz>'s lib]ality--& z _m accusations & imputations detrim5tal to ! ,poli% cause4 ,:y ! same views 7 n held & advocat$ dur+ ! ,crimean w> we w n ask1 b m]ely h9t at4 ,^! /atem5ts come f organs ^: purpose is readily div9$4 ,if we turn to ! pap] t has op5$ its columns to ! ,p>is lett]1 we f9d close at h& ! adv]tisem5t & recomm5dation ( a programme = our own great c\ntry1 & ! po9t+ out ( a new ,g>ibaldi = ! ,am]ican ,union4 ,n[1 nei!r said plat=m nor ,g>ibaldi w\ld be consi/5t ) ! condemnation1 irony1 & ridicule flung ^u ! *ampions = "o ?\s& ye>s ( ! gr[+ progress1 prosp]ity1 & ,*ri/ianity ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,we ( ?is g5]ation are gr[n fix$ly into our anci5t habits ( ?\ght1 & n[ c make no *ange2 b our successors1 p]*ance1 may possibly be r$uc$ to und]sign ! manife/o ( ,rossian ,lib]alism1 publi%$ ab\t a ye> ago 9 ,mosc[1 &1 9 return = false promises & deceptions1 cons5t to make common cause aga9/ ,g]many & ! :ole ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,:at ,am]ican lib]ties w\ld ga9 by su* an ev5tuality1 is n = u1 nor = to-day1 to say4 ,,aphorisms4--,,no4 ,,xi4 ',a man :o has no wants has atta9$ great fre$om1 & firmness1 & ev5 dignity4'--,,burke4 ',mad wants & mean endeavors1' z ,c>lyle expresses x1 'are among ! signal *>act]i/ics & great follies ( our nature4' ,b h[ c we atta9 to ! fre$om1 firmness1 & dignity ( hav+ no wants8 ,answ]3 ,by le>n+ :at our real necessities are1 & limit+ our s5se ( want by su* k4 ,o!rwise !re is little hope = u2 =1 z soon z we admit imag9>y & factiti\s ne$s1 we become ! slaves ( m]e fancy1 ! sport ( m]e human op9ion1 & devoid ( all true dignity4 ,h[ sublime1 z comp>$ ) ! ord9>y condition ( m51 is ! possibility sugge/$ by ,burke6 ,fre$om1 in/ead ( su* slav]y z ! love ( pleasure occasions1 or su* z ambition entails ^u m56 ,firmness1 su* z he has :o does n feel compell$ to ask h[ 8 conduct may affect ! supply ( 8 wants f day to day6 ,dignity1 su* z we see 9 e man :o /udies ! great int]e/s ( 8 be+1 reg>dless ( any h>m t may !reby accrue to 8 e>?ly e/ate6 ,s free1 & firm1 & dignifi$ may ea* be t w4 ,b no su* good is possible = m5 :o all[ _! s5se ( want to be rul$ by ! common op9ions ( m54 ,if ! good at :i* we aim c be secur$ only by ! possession ( ?is _w's favors1 z !y are disp5s$ by ! weal?y or ! p[]ful1 or ! suffrages ( ! multitude 7votes = (fice1 & ! l71 !n ea* "o becomes ! s]vant ( 8 fell[ m5--a s]vant j z really z if he 7 hir$ to p]=m any m5ial (fice4 ,! p>ty politician1 = example1 is j z fully b\nd by ! w ( o!rs z a coa*man or foot s]vant4 ,= him nei!r fre$om1 firmness1 or dignity is possible4 ,he c d only z o!rs bid him3 he c resi/ no solicitations to evil on ! "p ( ^? :om he w\ld make 8 con/itu5ts3 he has no dignity above t ( a tool1 9 ! h&s1 x may be1 ( a v unwor?y ma/]4 ,s 9 all cases :]e we all[ ourselves to be dep5d5t 9 su* =m & measure t 9 ord] to compass our own ends we mu/ look to ! w & behe/s ( o!rs4 ,,an ,,army3 ,,its ,,organization ,,& ,,movem5ts4 ,,?ird ,,pap]4 ,cavalry6 ,at ?is ^w ^: m9d does n involunt>ily recall pictures ( mail$ knights ru%+ ^u ea* o!r ) levell$ lances1 & ( ! *>g+ squadrons ( ,au/]litz1 ( ,j5a1 ( ,m>5go1 ( ! ,p59sula1 & ( ,wat]loo8 ,^: blood is n /irr$ ) a ?rong ( memories connect$ ) ! noble a*ievem5ts ( ! w> horse & 8 rid]8 ,:o does n imag9e a panorama ( all t is gay & glori\s 9 w>f>e--pranc+ c\rs]s1 gild$ trapp+s1 burni%$ sabres1 wav+ p5nons1 & glitt]+ helmets--rank aft] rank ( gallant rid]s--anon ! bla/ ( bugles1 ! draw+ ( sabres1 ! mighty ru%+ ( a ?\s& /e$s1 ! cla% ( /eel1 ! %\t1 ! victory8 ,! *ief romance ( w> atta*es itself to ! de$s accompli%$ by ! assi/ance ( ! p[] & endurance ( man's noble/ s]vant4 ,e "o has read s mu* poetry ab\t valiant y\?s1 m\nt$ on fi]y yet docile /e$s1 do+ de$s ( miracul\s pr[ess 9 ! ranks ( _! enemies--our lit]ature is s full ( tape/ri$ repres5tations ( knightly ret9ues & *>g+ squadrons--! t[]+ =m ( ,murat is s conspicu\s 9 ! n>ratives ( ! ,napoleonic w>s--& hi/ory has s (t5 repeat$ ! de$s ( ^? horsem5 :o p]=m$ su* illu/ri\s feats 9 ! combats ( half a c5tury ago1 t we associate ) ! cavalry only ideas ( spl5dor & glory1 ( wild fre$om & da%+ gallantry4 ,b ! cavalry s]vice is f> diff]5t f su* vague & fanciful imag9ations4 ,in/ead ( ease1 !re is con/ant labor2 in/ead ( fre$om1 !re is a difficult sy/em ( discipl9e & tactics2 & in/ead ( frequ5t opportunities = glori\s *>ges1 !re is a con/ant r\t9e ( toilsome duty 9 sc\t+ & picket+1 ) r>ely an opportunity = assi/+ prom95tly 9 ! decision ( a great battle1 or ( w9n+ r5[n 9 ov]?r[+ ! ranks ( an enemy by ! impetu\s ru% ( a mass ( horses aga9/ s]ri$ bayonets4 ,9 _m respects cavalry is ! mo/ difficult bran* ( milit>y s]vice to ma9ta9 & to op]ate4 ,x is exce$+ly co/ly1 on acc\nt ( ! great loss ( horses by ! c>elessness ( ! m51 by ov]work1 by disease1 & by ! fatalities ( battle4 ,! report ( ,g5]al ,halleck1 = ! ye> #ahfc1 /at$ t f ,may to ,octob] !re 7 f t5 ?\s& to f\rte5 ?\s& cavalry 9 ! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 :ile ! numb] ( horses furni%$ !m = ! same p]iod 0 ?irty-five ?\s&2 add+ to ^! ! horses tak5 by capture & us$ = m\nt+ m51 ! numb] w\ld be suffici5t to give ea* man a horse e two mon?s4 ,!re 7 two hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree regim5ts ( cavalry 9 ! s]vice1 :i*1 at ! same rate1 w\ld require f\r hundr$ & ?irty-five ?\s& horses4 ,?is is an imm5se exp5diture ( animals1 & is attributable 9 "p to ! peculi>ities ( ! volunte] s]vice--su* z ! lack ( c>e & k on ! "p ( ! (fic]s1 & ! disposition ( ! m5 to break d[n _! horses by improp] rid+1 & sometimes out ( m]e wantonness1 = ! purpose ( gett+ rid ( animals !y d n l1 = ! *ance ( obta9+ bett]4 ,a measure has rec5tly be5 adopt$ to rem$y ^! evils1 by putt+ into ! infantry cavalry (fic]s & m5 :o %[ !mselves incompet5t to take prop] c>e ( _! animals1 & :o neglect o!r ess5tials ( cavalry s]vice4 ,! provision & transportation ( =age = cavalry horses also con/itute items ( great co/4 ,to atta9 pr(ici5cy & effectiv5ess1 cavalry soldi]s require mu* long] in/ruction ?an ^? ( any o!r arm4 ,!y mu/ become exp]t swordsm51 & acquire su* skill 9 equitation t horse & rid] %all resemble ! my?ical c5taurs ( ! anci5ts--%all be only "o individual 9 w4 ,! horses %\ld be z ?or\ghly tra9$ z ! rid]s4 ,9 ,european armies ?is is accompli%$ 9 tra9+ s*ools4 ,! ,gov]nm5ts keep con/antly on h& l>ge supplies ( animals1 p>tly pur*as$ & p>tly produc$ 9 public /ables1 & capable in/ructors are cont9ually employ$ 9 fitt+ bo? m5 & horses = _! duties4 ,to insure ! provision ( prop] horses & to recup]ate ^? :i* are s5t f ! army disabl$ or sick1 an imm5se cavalry depot has be5 e/abli%$ at ,giesboro'1 ne> ,wa%+ton4 ,?\s&s ( horses are kept !re ready = s]vice1 & z fa/ z m5 9 ! army are dism\nt$ by ! loss ( _! animals1 !y are s5t to ?is depot4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ useful & be/-arrang$ affairs connect$ ) our s]vice1 & has greatly assi/$ 9 dim9i%+ ! exp5se att5d+ ! provision ( animals1 & 9 increas+ ! effici5cy ( our cavalry4 ,we h _h all ! difficulties to cont5d ) result+ f inexp]i5c$ rid]s & untra9$ horses4 ,no "o :o has n beheld ! sc5e1 c imag9e ! awkw>d appe>ance ( a troop ( recruits m\nt$ on horses unaccu/om$ to ! saddle4 ,! sight is "o ( ! mo/ laughable t c be witness$4 ,we h se5 ! attempt made to put su* a troop into a gallop across a field4 ,fifty horses & fifty m5 in/antly became actuat$ by a hundr$ diff]5t wills1 & disp]s$ 9 all directions--"s ( ! rid]s hang+ on to ! pommels1 ) _! feet out ( ! /irrups1 o!rs tugg+ away at ! bridles1 & n a few sprawl+ on ! gr\nd4 ,aft] a few mon?s' drills1 h[ev]1 a diff]5t sc5e is pres5t$1 & an old troop horse becomes s habituat$ to 8 ex]cises t n only w he p]=m all ! evolutions )\t guidance1 b w ev5 refuse to leave ! ranks1 ?\gh "u ! mo/ vigor\s incitem5ts ( :ip & spur4 ,an (fic] fri5d 0 once act+ z cavali] to a p>ty ( ladies on horseback at a review1 :51 un=tunately1 ! troop 9 :i* 8 horse belong$ happ5+ to pass by1 ! animal bolt$ f ! gr\p ( ladies1 & took 8 accu/om$ place 9 ! ranks1 nor c\ld all ! ef=ts ( 8 rid] dis5gage him4 ,f9ally1 our fri5d 0 oblig$ to dism\nt1 &1 hold+ ! horse by ! bit1 back him out ( ! troop to 8 /ation ) ! p>ty ( ladies--a feat p]=m$ amid mu* provok+ laught]4 ,cavalry c op]ate 9 masses only :5 circum/ances are favorable--! c\ntry op51 & ! gr\nd free f ob/ructions4 ,yet x is 9 masses alone t x c be effective1 & x c triumph aga9/ infantry only by a %ock--f ! precipitation ( its weight ^u ! l9es1 cru%+ !m by ! onset4 ,be=e ! "t ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great1 ! ,prussian horsem5 resembl$ ^? to be se5 at a militia review--!y 7 a sort ( picture soldi]s1 incapable ( a vigor\s *>ge4 ,he revolutioniz$ ! s]vice by tea*+ t cavalry mu/ a*ieve success by a rapid onset1 n /opp+ to fire !mselves1 & n reg>d+ ! fire ( _! oppon5ts4 ,by practis+ ^! lessons1 !y 7 able to ov]?r[ ! ,au/rian infantry4 ,b if ! =ce ( a *>ge is dissipat$ by ob/ructions on ! gr\nd1 or is brok5 by ! fire ( ! assail$1 ! effectiv5ess ( cavalry1 z a p>ticipant 9 ! manoeuvres ( a battle field1 is entirely de/roy$4 ,! "q ( ! future ( cavalry is at pres5t "o ( great int]e/ among milit>y inve/igators2 = not)/&+ its brilliant a*ievem5ts dur+ our civil w>1 ! fact is app>5t t its sph]e has be5 entirely *ang$1 its old sy/em has become obsolete1 & =m] possibilities no long] lie )9 its scope4 ,s9ce ,wat]loo !re _h n be51 until our w> comm5c$1 any opportunity to te/ ! action ( cavalry2 = its op]ations 9 ! ,crimea & 9 ,italy 7 insignificant4 ,! art ( w>f>e _h1 mean:ile1 9 _m respects1 become revolutioniz$ by ! introduction ( rifl$ arms4 ,milit>y m5 wait$1 !re=e1 ) int]e/1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! w> 9 ?is c\ntry1 to judge f x z to ! "p cavalry 0 to p]=m 9 future w>f>e4 ,t exp]i5ce has %[n t ! day 9 :i* cavalry c successfully *>ge squ>es ( infantry has pass$4 ,:5 ! smoo?-bore muskets alone 7 us$ by infantry1 cavalry c\ld be =m$ 9 masses = *>g+ at a di/ance ( five hundr$ y>ds2 n[ ! =mations mu/ be made at ! di/ance ( ne>ly a mile1 & t int]v5+ space mu/ be pass$ at spe$ "u ! con/ant fire ( cannon & rifles2 :5 ! squ>es are rea*$1 ! horses are fright5$ & bl[n1 ! ranks h be5 disord]$ by ! impossibility ( pres]v+ a correct front dur+ su* a l5g? ( "t at rapid spe$1 & by ! loss ( m52 ! *>ge breaks weakly on ! wall ( bayonets1 & retires baffl$4 ,infantry1 be=e x le>ns its own /r5g? & ! difficulty ( =c+ a horse aga9/ a bayonet--or r to trample d[n a man--has an absurd & unf\nd$ fe> ( cavalry4 ,?is feel+ 0 9 "p ! cause ( ! panic among our troops at ,bull ,run--s mu* _h be5 said ab\t ! ,black ,horse troop ( ! rebels4 ,! ,wat]loo a*ievem5ts ( ! ,fr5* 7 !n ?\ght possible ( repetition4 ,n[ adays x is h>dly probable t ! vet]an infantry ( ei!r army w\ld take ! tr\ble to =m squ>es to resi/ cavalry1 b w\ld expect to r\t x by fir+ 9 l9e4 ,nei!r p>ty 9 our w> has be5 able to make its m\nt$ =ces effective 9 a g5]al battle4 ,no?+ has occurr$ to p>allel1 ^u ! battle field1 ^? exploits ( ! cavalry--,fr5*1 ,prussian1 & ,engli%--9 ! great w>s ( ! la/ c5tury1 ext5d+ to ,wat]loo4 ,! en?usia/ic admir]s ( cavalry /ill ma9ta9 t x is possible to repeat ^? exploits1 ev5 9 face ( ! improv$ fire>ms n[ 9 use4 ,all t is necess>y1 !y say1 is to h ! cavalry suffici5tly drill$4 ,! gr\nd to be cross$ "u a positively dang]\s fire is only five hundr$ or six hundr$ y>ds1 & once taught to cont9ue ! *>ge ?r\gh ! bullets = ?is di/ance1 & !n to ?r[ !mselves on ! bayonets1 horsem5 w n[1 z h]et(ore1 break ! l9es ( infantry4 ,all v true1 if cavalry to fulfil ! conditions nam$ c be obta9$2 b 9 !m lies ! difficulty4 ,occasional in/ances ( spl5did *>ges w und\bt$ly occur 9 future w>f>e2 b x seems to be an e/abli%$ fact t ! day = ! glory ( cavalry has pass$4 ,once ! mail$ knight1 m\nt$ on 8 mail$ *>g]1 c\ld ov]?r[ by scores ! poor1 pusillanim\s pikem5 & crossb[ m5 :o compos$ ! infantry2 he 0 invuln]able 9 8 iron armor1 & c\ld ride !m d[n l re$s4 ,b gunp[d] & ! bayonet h *ang$ ?is2 & n[ ! mo/ confid5t & dom9e]+ cavalryman w put spurs to 8 horse & fly at a gallop1 if he sees ! muzzle ( an infantryman's rifle1 ) its glitt]+ bayonet1 po9t$ at him f ! ?icket4 ,ano!r revolution effect$ 9 ! m\nt$ s]vice by ! improvem5ts 9 arms & ! consequ5t *anges ( tactics1 is ! dim9ution ( heavy & ! increase ( light cavalry--t is1 ! transf] ( ! =m] into ! latt]4 ,^! two d5om9ations really include all k9ds ( cavalry1 al?\gh ! non-milit>y read] may h be5 puzzl$ by ! num]\s subord9ate d5om9ations to be f\nd 9 ! acc\nts ( ,european w>f>e--su* z dragoons1 cuirassi]s1 huss>s1 lanc]s1 *asseurs1 hulans1 etc4 ,heavy cavalry is compos$ ( ! heavi] m5 & horses1 & is usually divid$ into dragoons & cuirassi]s4 ,x is design$ to act 9 masses1 & to break ! l9es ( an enemy by ! weight ( its *>ge4 ,usually1 also1 x has _h "s def5sive armor1 & is a direct desc5dant f ! knights ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,b ! cuirasses1 :i* 7 suffici5t to resi/ ! balls f smoo?-bore muskets1 are easily p5etrat$ by rifles4 ,consequ5tly ! occupation ( ?is k9d ( cavalry is gone1 & x is likely to disappe> gradually f ! s]vice4 ,9 ?is c\ntry we h nev] _h any?+ except light cavalry--! only k9d adapt$ = use 9 our ,indian w>f>e4 ,?is k9d ( cavalry is int5d$ to accompli% results by ! cel]ity ( its movem5ts1 & all its equipm5ts %\ld !re=e be z light z possible4 ,! *ief difficulty is to prev5t ! cavalry soldi] f ov]load+ 8 horse1 z he has a prop5sity n only to c>ry a l>ge w>drobe & a full supply ( kit*5 ut5sils1 b also to 'convey1' 9 ! language ( ,pi/ol1 or1 9 army language1 'gobble up1' or1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 /eal any?+ t is capable ( be+ fa/5$ to 8 saddle4 ,x is evid5t t ! effici5cy ( a cavalry soldi] dep5ds z mu* ^u 8 horse z ^u himself2 & x is requisite1 !re=e1 t ! weight ^u ! horse %\ld be z light z possible4 ,! limit has be5 fix$ at ab\t two hundr$ p\nds = light1 & two hundr$ & fifty = heavy cavalry2 b bo? ( ^! are too mu*4 ,a cavalry soldi] ought n to weigh ov] "o hundr$ & fifty to "o hundr$ & sixty p\nds1 & 8 acc\trem5ts n ov] ?irty p\nds additional2 b 9 practice1 sc>cely any horse--except :]e ! rid] is a v light weight--c>ries less ?an two hundr$ & tw5ty or two hundr$ & ?irty p\nds4 ,"o great cause ( ! evils incid5t to our cavalry s]vice is ! excessive weight impos$ on ! horses4 ,! ,fr5* take p>ticul> pa9s 9 ?is respect2 :ile 9 ,engl& ! cavalry is almo/ entirely 'heavy1' &1 ?\gh well drill$1 is clumsy4 ,john ,bull1 ) 8 roa/ beef & plum pudd+1 makes a poor specim5 ( a light cavalryman4 ,engli% (fic]s are n[ endeavor+ to revolutionize _! m\nt$ s]vice1 s z to dim9i% its weight & increase its cel]ity4 ,! arms ( cavalry h be5 v>i\s1 b x is n[ well settl$ t its true weapon is ! sabre1 z its true =m ( op]ation is ! *>ge4 ,a great deal ( +5uity has be5 exp5d$ 9 devis+ ! be/ =m ( sabre4 ,diff]5t c\ntries h diff]5t patt]ns1 b ! "o adopt$ 9 our army is v highly consid]$4 ,x is po9t$1 s z to be us$ 9 ?ru/+2 %>p on "o edge = cutt+2 curv$1 s z to inflict a deep] w\nd2 & ! weight arrang$1 by a ma!matical rule1 s t ! c5tres ( p]cussion & ( gravity are plac$ :]e ! weapon may be mo/ easily h&l$4 ,! lance is a weapon v appropriate to light m\nt$ troops1 & is /ill us$ by "s ( ! ,cossacks & ,arab horsem54 ,b to wield x effectively requires protract$ tra9+4 ,= a long "t 9 ,europe x 0 ! *ief weapon = horsem52 ) ! knights x 0 held 9 exclusive honor1 & cont9u$ 9 use = a consid]able p]iod aft] fire>ms _h de/roy$ ! pre/ige ( ! g5tlem5 ( ! gold5 spurs4 ,pr9ce ,maurice1 ( ,orange1 :5 he rais$ m\nt$ regim5ts to def5d ! ,ne!rl&s aga9/ ! ,spani%1 reject$ x1 & s9ce 8 "t x has become obsolete except 9 "s regim5ts especially drill$ to x4 ,su* a regim5t 0 rais$ 9 ,philadelphia at ! comm5cem5t ( our w>1 b aft] eighte5 mon?s' exp]i5ce ! lances 7 ab&on$4 ,besides ! sabre1 cavalry-m5 are arm$ ) pi/ols or c>b9es--! m5 hav+ ! latt] be+ employ$ p>ticul>ly 9 skirmi%+1 sometimes on foot4 ,! proportion ( m\nt$ troops 9 an army v>ies accord+ to ! nature ( ! c\ntry :i* is ! !atre ( milit>y op]ations4 ,9 a level c\ntry x %\ld be ab\t "o f\r? or "o fif?1 :ile 9 "o t is m\nta9\s1 x %\ld n be great] ?an a t5?4 ,z a g5]al rule1 improvem5ts 9 fire>ms h produc$ a decrease 9 ! proportion ( cavalry & less5$ its importance4 ,:5 artill]y 0 introduc$1 ! cavali]s1 :o compos$ ! ,middle ,age armies exclusively1 comm5c$ to disappe>2 knigh?ood pass$ out ( exi/5ce1 be+ sup]s$$ by m]c5>y b&s4 ,infantry gradually assum$ importance1 :i* has con/antly increas$1 until x has n[ atta9$ ! va/ pr$om9ance4 ,?is has n only caus$ a g5]al dim9ution ( ! proportion ( cavalry1 b has entail$ on ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,europe ! necessity ( keep+ _! cavalry s]vice always at its maximum1 s t ! m\nt$ troops may be p]fect 9 _! drill2 :]eas infantry troops c acquire comp>ative pr(ici5cy 9 a few mon?s4 ,we w give a brief description ( ! diff]5t classes ( cavalry1 & close our subject by "s rem>ks on ! op]ation ( ?is arm ( s]vice 9 our civil w>4 ,! regim5ts rais$ by ,pr9ce ,maurice1 ( ,orange1 above ref]r$ to1 7 ! fir/ kn[n z cuirassi]s1 on acc\nt ( ! cuirasses :i* !y wore = def5ce4 ,all def5sive armor is n[ be+ laid aside4 ,dragoons orig9ally 7 a class ( soldi]s :o op]at$ bo? on foot & m\nt$4 ,!y are suppos$ to take _! "n f a k9d ( fire>m call$ a 'dragon4' ,9 mod]n practice dragoons are almo/ entirely us$ z cavalry1 & r>ely h rec\rse to any ext5d$ s]vice on foot4 ,! d5om9ation 'dragoons' has rec5tly be5 aboli%$ f our s]vice4 ,c>ab9e]s 7 at fir/ "s ,basque & ,gascon horsem5 9 ! ,fr5* s]vice1 ^: peculi>ly di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic 0 a skilful use 9 ! saddle ( a %ort fire>m4 ,huss>s orig9at$ 9 ,hung>y1 tak+ _! d5om9ation f ! ^w husz1 :i* signifies tw5ty1 & ar1 pay--e tw5tie? man be+ requir$ by ! /ate to ent] into s]vice4 ,f _! orig9 !y 7 di/+ui%$ = ! cel]ity ( _! movem5ts & _! devotion to f9e co/umes4 ,! hulans 7 a species ( ,poli% light cavalry1 be>+ lances1 & tak+ _! "n f _! comm&]--a nobleman nam$ ,hul&4 ,*asseurs are ,fr5* regim5ts1 design$ *iefly to act z sc\ts & skirmi%]s4 ,! *asseurs d',afrique are cavalry :i* h be5 tra9$ 9 ,alg]ia1 & h become exce$+ly exp]t ?r\gh conflicts ) ! ,arabs4 ,! spahis are ,arab cavalry1 9 ! ,fr5* s]vice1 & are su* admirable rid]s t !y w *>ge ov] all k9ds ( gr\nd1 & da% ^u a foe :o judges himself secure amid rocks or trees or dit*es4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! w> ! rebel cavalry 0 sup]ior to t furni%$ by ! ,nor?4 ,= ?is !re 7 _m reasons4 ,s\!rn plantation life _h accu/om$ ! ari/ocratic y\? to ! saddle1 & great att5tion 0 be/[$ on ! tra9+ ( horses4 ,at ! ,nor? ! numb] ( skill$ rid]s 0 comp>atively few4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 ,nor!rn en]gy1 endurance1 & pati5t discipl9e began to tell1 & ! "t soon arriv$ :5 ! ,s\!rn cavalry 7 inv>iably driv51 especially 9 sabre *>ges1 to :i* ,s\!rn]s h great av]sion4 ,at pres5t1 on acc\nt ( ! sc>city ( horses1 ! difficulty ( supply+ =age1 & ! loss ( s _m gay y\?s ( ! *ivalry1 ! ,s\!rn1 cavalry has dw9dl$ into su* a condition z to be no long] =midable4 ,! s]vice ( ! cavalry 9 bo? armies dur+ ! w> has be5 exclusively z light cavalry--sc\t+1 picket+1 raid+1 etc4 ,its combats h be5 ) =ces ( its own arm4 ,no comm&] has yet succe$$ 9 assi/+ to det]m9e ! issue ( a pit*$ battle by ! *>ges ( 8 m\nt$ troops4 ,our cavalry h r5d]$1 h[ev]1 brilliant & invaluable s]vices 9 protect+ ! re> & flanks ( ! armies1 & by _! magnific5t raid+ exp$itions into ! enemy's c\ntry1 de/roy+ 8 supplies1 injur+ 8 communications1 div]t+ 8 =ces1 & lib]at+ 8 slaves4 ,no suffici5t acc\nts ( su* exp$itions & ( ! num]\s cavalry conflicts h be5 publi%$2 yet !y are v desirable4 ,!y w\ld furni% mo/ int]e/+ n>ratives1 & be a valuable contribution n only to ! hi/ory ( ! times1 b to ! hi/ory ( w>f>e2 = ! op]ations ( ! cavalry 9 ?is w> con/itute a new era 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is bran* ( milit>y s]vice4 ,unless c>e is ex]cis$ to procure su* n>ratives1 our po/]ity w nev] "k any?+ ( _m battle fields :]e f\ght & fell brave troop]s f e ,nor!rn ,/ate4 ,! *ief duties ( (fic]s belong+ to ! corps ( eng9e]s1 :5 connect$ ) an army act+ 9 ! field1 are ! sup]vision ( r\tes ( communication1 ! lay+ ( bridges1 ! selection ( positions = =tifications1 & ! indication ( ! prop] "* ( works to be con/ruct$4 ,%\ld a siege occur1 a new & v important class ( duties devolves on !m1 relat+ to ! tr5*es1 saps1 batt]ies1 etc4 ,n only is !re 9 ,virg9ia a lack ( good roads1 b ! num]\s /reams h few or no bridges4 ,9 _m cases :]e bridges h exi/$1 "o or ! o!r ( ! cont5d+ armies has de/roy$ !m to imp$e ! m>* ( its oppon5ts4 ,/reams :i* h an av]age dep? ( ?ree or f\r feet are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally )\t bridges1 except :]e cross$ by "s turnpike1 ! common c\ntry roads mo/ly lead+ to =ds4 ,! fam\s ,bull ,run is an example4 ,!re 7 b two or ?ree bridges ov] ?is /ream 9 ! space ( c\ntry p5etrat$ by ! roads g5]ally pursu$ by our army 9 advanc+ or retreat+1 & ^! h be5 sev]al times de/roy$ & rebuilt4 ,! /ream v>ies f two to six feet 9 dep?--! =ds be+ at places ( favorable dep?1 & :]e ! bottom is gravelly & ! banks slop+4 ,(t5 su* /reams z ?is1 & inde$ small] ones1 become imm5sely swell$ 9 volume by /orms1 s t a comp>atively insignificant rivulet might greatly delay ! m>* ( an army1 if means = quickly cross+ %\ld n be provid$4 ,! g5]al dep? ( a =d :i* a l>ge =ce1 ) its appurt5ances1 c safely cross1 is ab\t ?ree feet1 & ev5 !n ! bottom %\ld be good & ! curr5t g5tle4 ,) a great] dep? ( wat]1 ! m5 are likely to wet _! c>tridge boxes1 or be swept (f _! feet4 ,!re is a small /ream ab\t ?ree miles f ,alex&ria1 cross+ ! ,little ,riv] turnpike1 :i* has nev] be5 bridg$1 & :i* 0 once s sudd5ly swoll5 by ra9 t all ! artill]y & wagons ( a corps 7 oblig$ to wait ab\t twelve h\rs = its subsid5ce4 ,! mules ( "s wagons driv5 into x 7 swept away4 ,=ds1 unless ( ! be/ bottom1 are r5d]$ impassable aft] a small portion ( ! wagons & artill]y ( an army h cross$ !m--! gravel be+ cut ?r\gh into ! und]ly+ clay1 & ! banks conv]t$ into sl\ghs by ! dripp+ ( wat] f ! animals & :eels4 ,a v amus+ sc5e 0 pres5t$ at ! cross+ ( ,hazel ,riv] 7a bran* ( ! ,rappahannock7 la/ fall1 :5 ! ,army ( ! ,potomac fir/ m>*$ to ,culpepp]4 ,! /ream 0 at lea/ ?ree feet deep1 & at v>i\s places f\r--! curr5t v rapid--! bottom fill$ ) l>ge /ones1 & ! banks /eep1 except :]e a n>r[ road _h be5 cut = ! wagons4 ,! m5 adopt$ v>i\s exp$i5ts = cross+4 ,"s w5t 9 boldly all acc\tr$2 "s took (f %oes & /ock+s1 & c>efully roll$ up _! tr\s]s2 o!rs 7& !y 7 ! wise/7 dive/$ !mselves ( all _! l[] clo?+4 ,! long column /ruggl$ z be/ x c\ld ?r\gh ! wat]1 & occasionally1 amid vocif]\s %\ts1 ^? :o _h be5 c>eful to roll up _! tr\s]s w\ld /ep into a hole up to ! middle2 o!rs1 :o _h tak5 /ill m precautions1 w\ld /umble ov] a /one & pit* headlong into ! ro>+ wat]s1 dropp+ _! guns1 & spla%+ va9ly ab\t ) _! heavy knapsacks1 9 ! endeavor to rega9 a foot+1 until "s ( _! comrades right$ !m2 & o!rs1 aft] gett+ ov] safely1 w\ld slip back f ! s&y bank1 & take an involunt>y imm]sion4 ,"s clung to ! re> ( ! wagons1 b 9 ! middle ( ! /ream ! mules w\ld become fracti\s1 or ! wagon w\ld get jamm$ aga9/ a /one1 & ! un=tunate pass5g]s 7 compell$ to drop (f & wade a%ore1 greet$ by ro>s ( d]isive laught]4 ,on su* occasions soldi]s give full play to _! humor4 ,!y accept ! h>d%ips ) good nature1 & make ! be/ ( any ridicul\s incid5t t may happ54 ,at ! "t ref]r$ to1 _m conscripts _h j jo9$ ! ranks1 & cries res\nd$ ev]y:]e among ! old soldi]s3 ',hello1 conscripts1 h[ d y l ?is8' ',:at d'ye ?9k ( sog]+ n[8' ',?is is no?+4 ,y'll h to g 9 up to y] neck next "t4' ,g5]ally1 :5 ! exig5cies ( ! m>* w p]mit1 bridges are made ov] su* /reams1 ei!r by ! eng9e]s ( ! army1 or deta*m5ts f ! v>i\s corps :i* are pass+ ^u ! roads4 ,!y are simple 'corduroy bridges1' & c be laid v exp$iti\sly4 ,two or ?ree pi]s ( /ones & logs are plac$ 9 ! /ream1 /r+ pieces are /ret*$ ^u !m1 & cross pieces ( small r\nd logs laid d[n = ! floor+4 ,! mo/ ext5sive bridges ( ?is k9d us$ by ! ,army ( ! ,potomac 7 ^? ov] ! ,*ickahom9y 9 ! ,p59sul> campaign4 ',sumn]'s bridge1' by :i* re9=cem5ts cross$ at ! battle ( ,fair ,oaks1 0 laid 9 ?is mann]4 ,( c\rse su* bridges are liable to be c>ri$ away & to be easily de/roy$4 ,"s ( ! bridges ov] ! ,*ickahom9y 7 laid mu* m ?or\ghly4 ',cribs' ( logs 7 pil$ 9 cob-h\se fa%ion1 p9n$ toge!r1 & sunk v]tically 9 ! /ream4 ,!n /r+ pieces & ! floor+ 7 laid1 ! :ole cov]$ ) bru% & dirt4 ,m5 work$ at ^! bridges up to ! wai/ 9 wat] = _m days 9 succession4 ,milit>y art has devis$ _m exp$i5ts = bridg+ /reams1 & use is made ( any facilities t may be at h& = con/ruct+ ! means ( passage2 b ! only organiz$ bridge tra9s :i* move ) ! army are ^? :i* c>ry ! pontoons4 ,( ^! !re are v>i\s k9ds1 made ( wood1 ( corrugat$ iron1 & ( india rubb] /ret*$ ov] frames4 ,b ! wood5 pontoon boats are mo/ 9 use4 ,!y c be plac$ 9 a riv] & ! floor+ laid ^u !m ) great rapidity4 ,sev]al v f9e bridges h be5 ?us con/ruct$--among !m may be m5tion$ ! "o at ! m\? ( ! ,*ickahom9y1 across :i* ,g5]al ,mc,clellan's army m>*$ 9 retreat+ f ,h>rison's ,l&+4 ,x 0 ab\t a mile long1 & 0 con/ruct$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,to cross a riv] "u ! fire ( an enemy is "o ( ! mo/ difficult op]ations 9 w>f>e4 ,yet x has be5 frequ5tly accompli%$ by our armies4 ,! cross+ ( ! ,rappahannock by ,g5]al ,burnside's army1 previ\s to ! great battle ( ,fr$]icksburg1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahfb1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable in/ances ( ! k9d dur+ ! w>4 ,! rebel rifle pits l9$ ! s\!rn bank1 & ! fire f !m prev5t$ our eng9e]s f approa*+--! riv] be+ only ab\t sev5ty-five y>ds wide4 ,= a long "t our artill]y fail$ to drive ! rebels away4 ,ab\t noon ( ! day on :i* ! cross+ 0 made1 ,g5]al ,burnside ord]$ a conc5tration ( fire on ,fr$]icksburg1 9 ! h\ses ( :i* place ! rebels _h conceal$ _! =ces4 ,a hundr$ guns1 hurl+ %ot & %ell into e build+ & /reet ( ! city1 soon riddl$ x2 b ! ob/9ate foes hid !mselves 9 ! cell>s till ! /orm 0 ov]1 & !n em]g$ defiantly4 ,!y 7 only dislodg$ by s5d+ ov] a battalion 9 boats to attack !m 9 flank1 :5 !y retreat$1 & ! bridges 7 laid4 ,x is impossible to expla9 9 articles ( ?is "* ! my/]ies ( intr5*m5t & =tification1 s t !y w be compreh5sible4 ,a few notes1 h[ev]1 on "s ( ! pr9cipal t]ms con/antly employ$1 may be f\nd useful & int]e/+4 ,rifle pits--z ! t]m is n[ g5]ally us$--are small embankm5ts1 made by ?r[+ up dirt f an excavation inside4 ,!y c be erect$ quickly1 = x w be se5 t ^? beh9d !m h ! advantage1 n only ( ! height ( ! embankm5t1 b also ( ! dep? ( ! dit*4 ,?us an excavation ( two feet w\ld give a protection ( f\r feet4 ,?is is ! ord9>y rifle pit1 b :5 "t p]mits x receives _m improvem5ts4 ,brea/works are any erections ( logs1 dirt1 etc41 rais$ brea/ high1 to %elt] ! m5 beh9d !m4 ,an abatis consi/s ( ob/ructions plac$ 9 front ( a "w to =m ob/acles to a /orm+ p>ty4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t me?od ( =m+ x is to cut d[n trees & all[ !m to lie helt]skelt]4 ,:5 !re is "t1 ! trees are laid ) ! butts t[>d ! "w1 & ! bran*es outw>d--! small limbs be+ remov$1 & ! ends ( ! rema9d] %>p5$4 ,illu/ration ,a r$an is a lett] ,v1 ) ! po9t t[>d ! enemy1 & is us$ g5]ally to cov] ! heads ( bridges1 etc4 ,illu/ration ,a lunette is ! r$an ) flank+ w+s4 ,illu/ration ,a r$\bt is an enclos$ p>allelogram4 ,illu/ration ,^! works are v imp]fect1 because !y h expos$ po9ts4 ,! angles are n protect$ by ! fire f ! sides4 ,to rem$y ?is difficulty1 ! next mo/ usual "w is ! /> =t1 made 9 ! =m ( a regul> or irregul> />4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ! fire f ! sides cov]s ! angles4 ,! next & /ill m improv$ =m ( "w is ! ba/ion$ =t1 :i* consi/s ( project+ ba/ions at ! corn]s1 ! fire f :i* enfilades ! dit*es4 ,! foll[+ is a diagram ( a v]tical section ( ! p>apet & dit* us$ 9 all fully con/ruct$ field works3 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,b is ! slope ( ! banquette4 ,b ,c head ( ! banquette1 or place :]e ! m5 /& to deliv] _! fire4 ,c ,d ! int]ior slope ( ! p>apet4 ,d ,e sup]ior slope ( ! same4 ,f ,g ! b]me1 or place left to prev5t ! p>apet f wa%+ d[n into ! dit*4 ,g ,h ! sc>p or int]ior wall ( ! dit*4 ,h ,i ! bottom ( ! dit*4 ,i ,k ! c\nt]sc>p4 ,l ,m ,n ! glacis1 :i*1 except ! abatis ne> ! dit*1 is left free & op51 s z to expose ! assailants to ! fire f ! p>apet4 ,! proportions & angles ( all ! l9es giv5 are fix$ accord+ to ma!matical rules4 ,! op]ations ( a siege pres5t _m incid5ts ( great int]e/2 b we c d no?+ m 9 ?is article ?an illu/rate ! me?ods 9 :i* ! approa*es are made to ! works ! capture ( :i* is design$4 ,:5 reconnoissances h e/abli%$ ! conclusion t ! works ( an enemy _c be c>ri$ by assault1 ! l9es ( ! inve/+ army are advanc$ z ne> to !m z is compatible ) safety2 advantage is !n tak5 ( ! opportunities af=d$ by ! gr\nd to cov] work+ p>ties1 :i* are ?r[n =w>d to ! place fix$ = ! fir/ p>allel2 sometimes ^! p>ties c comm5ce _! "w only at night4 ,! p>allel is only a deep tr5* ) ! dirt ?r[n t[>d ! enemy2 & aft] ! excavation has progress$1 ! tr5* is occupi$ by p>ties ( troops to resi/ any sorties ( ! enemy1 & to prev5t attempts aga9/ ! batt]ies e/abli%$ beh9d ! p>allel4 ,! fir/ p>allel be+ complet$1 zigzag excavations are made t[>d ! front to cov] ! passage ( m5 :o proce$ to dig ! second p>allel4 ,mean:ile ! batt]ies h comm5c$ to play1 & riflem5 h be5 advanc$ 9 tr5*es at conv5i5t places1 ^: fire annoys ! gunn]s ( ! enemy4 ,! second p>allel be+ made1 ! batt]ies are mov$ up to x1 & ! ?ird p>allel is proce$$ ) 9 a mann] simil> to t us$ = ! second4 ,we give bel[ a r\gh diagram ( ^! op]ations3 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e is ! "w ( ! enemy to be besieg$4 ,! work+ p>ties advance by ! zigzag pa?s ,m ,n & ,o to ! position *os5 = ! fir/ p>allel1 ,k ,l4 ,at ! prop] "t !y proce$ by ! zigzag pa?s to ! second p>allel1 ,h ,i1 & !n to ! ?ird1 ,f ,g4 ,:5 ?is is rea*$1 ! enemy's "w c g5]ally be c>ri$ by /orm1 unless already evacuat$1 = cet]is p>ibus ! advantages g5]ally lie ) ! besieg+ p>ty4 ,! zigzags are call$ boyaux1 & !y are dug 9 ! =m repres5t$1 s t ! bank ( e>? ?r[n up may be always 9 front ( !m4 ,7 !y 9 /raight l9es ?is c\ld n be4 ,! above ref]s exclusively to ! siege ( a field "w4 ,! pr9ciples = besieg+ a wall$ =t or a =tifi$ t[n are ! same1 b ! op]ations are mu* m complicat$4 ,,lit]>y ,,notices4 ,popul> ,edition4 ,,results ,,( ,,emancipation4 ,by ,,augu/9 ,,co*91 ,ex-,maire & ,municipal ,c\ncillor ( ,p>is4 ,"w cr[n$ by ! ,in/itute ( ,france 7,acadmie ,franaise74 ,translat$ by ,,m>y ,l4 ,,boo?1 ,translator ( ,c\nt de ,gasp>9's "w on ,am]ica1 etc4 ,f\r? ?\s&4 ,bo/on3 ,walk]1 ,wise ,co41 #bde ,wa%+ton /reet4 #ahfd4 ,a rem>kable book1 indicative ( a new era 9 ! discussion ( social1 religi\s1 political1 & economical que/ions4 ,prejudice1 mis/atem5t1 & fanaticism are app>5tly s oppos$ to ! cle>1 c&id m9d ( ! au?or1 t he has ne$$ no ef=t to avoid !m1 & 9 _! /ead give u simple tru?1 broad views ( m5 & ?+s1 & ! highe/ conceptions ( duty & *>ity1 toge!r ) ! nice/ consid]ation ( ! rights & mat]ial int]e/s1 ev5 ! local prejudices & misconceptions1 ( our fell[ mortals4 ,he %[s cle>ly t a moral wrong c nev] long t5d to mat]ial advantage1 & t ! laws ( society _c be made ultimately to triumph ov] ! laws ( nature2 nei!r1 9 g5]al1 c a wrong be right$ )\t "s suff]+ by way ( expiation4 ,al?\gh fill$ ) /ati/ical details1 ! "w _c fail to be int5sely int]e/+ to ! g5]al read]4 ,l(ty1 hopeful1 rational1 & yet progressive 9 its tone1 x is calculat$ to d great good1 n only ?r\gh ! useful in=mation & in/ructive g5]alizations x makes kn[n1 b also z a model ( "r feel+1 & consequ5t good bre$+1 9 its peculi> sph]e4 ,! *apt]s ^u ! sug> "q are wond]fully lucid & conv9c+4 ,_! be>+ ^u moot$ po9ts ( political economy recomm5d !m to ! /udy ( all int]e/$ 9 t intricate subject4 ,! di/ress+ relations necess>ily exi/+ betwe5 slav]y & religi\s in/ruction are also pla9ly set =?1 & ! g5]al conclusion ( ! book 7t 'emancipation' is n only possible1 b mo/ exp$i5t1 & t1 ) c]ta9 c>e ^u ! "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t & ( slave own]s1 an imm$iate & simultane\s lib]ation is likely to bre$ few] di/urbances & less evil ?an gradual dis5?ralm5t7 seems to be rapidly ga9+ gr\nd 9 ! convictions ( our own c\ntrym54 ,! consci5ce1 & prophetic dreams ( prie/s1 wom51 & poets1 h long giv5 assurance ( su* results1 b ! _w1 ( c\rse1 requir$ def9ite exp]i5ce & practical essays be=e in/itut+ any ext5sive c\rse ( action 9 t direction4 ',a c\ncil held 9 ! city ( ,london 9 #aajb1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,/4 ,anselm1 int]dict$ trade 9 slaves4 ,?is 0 eight hundr$ ye>s be=e ! same object 0 debat$ 9 ! same city be=e ,p>liam5t4 ,9 #aghj1 ,?omas ,cl>kson propos$ to aboli% ! slave trade4 ,9 #aghg1 ,wilb]=ce r5ew$ ! proposition4 ,sev5 times pres5t$ f #agic to #agii1 ! bill sev5 times fail$4 ,successively laid ov]1 x triumph$ at l5g? 9 #ahjf & #ahjg4 ,all ! ,*ri/ian nations foll[$ ?is memorable example4 ,at ! ,congress ( ,vi5na1 all ! ,p[]s pl$g$ !mselves to unite _! ef=ts to obta9 ! entire & f9al abolition ( a traffic s odi\s & s l\dly reprov$ by ! laws ( religion & nature4 ,! slave trade 0 aboli%$ 9 #ahjh by ! ,am]ican ,unit$ ,/ates2 9 #ahaa1 by ,d5m>k1 ,portugal1 & ,*ili2 9 #ahac1 by ,sw$52 9 #ahad & #ahae1 by ,holl&2 9 #ahae1 by ,france2 9 #ahbb1 by ,spa94 ,9 ?is same ye>1 #ahbb1 ,wilb]=ce attack$ slav]y aft] ! slave trade1 & won ov] public op9ion by appeals & repeat$ meet+s1 :ile 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,buxton propos$ emancipation 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,! ,emancipation ,bill 0 pres5t$ 9 #ahcc4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 slav]y ceas$ to sully ! soil ( ! ,engli% colonies4 ,9 #ahdf1 ,sw$51 9 #ahdg1 ,d5m>k1 ,uruguay1 ,walla*ia1 & ,tunis1 obey$ ! same impulse1 :i* ,france foll[$ 9 #ahdh1 ,portugal 9 #ahef1 & :i* ,holl& promis$ to imitate 9 #ahfj4 ,an e>ne/ movem5t agitat$ ,brazil4' ,9 ,pol&1 ! s]fdom ( ! peasants 0 nev] sanction$ by law1 b exi/$ 9 lat] times by reason ( exception & abuse4 ,/anislas ,leszczynski1 ,k+ ( ,pol&1 9 #agbj rais$ 8 voice 9 favor ( ! peasant population2 ! same pr9ciples 7 9 #agfh def5d$1 sword 9 h&1 by ! ,conf$]ation ( ,b>1 discuss$ 9 ! diets ( #aggf1 #aghj1 #aghh1 & f9ally adopt$ by ! fam\s ,con/itu5t ,assembly ( #agia4 ,?adeus ,kosciuszko 7,may #g?1 #agid71 !n ,dictator ( ,pol&1 issu$ a docum5t giv+ entire p]sonal lib]ty to all s]fs2 & on ! #bb;d ( ,janu>y1 #ahfc1 ! memb]s ( ! ',national ,poli% ,gov]nm5t' decre$ t ! peasants 7 n only free1 b 7 entitl$ to a c]ta9 portion ( l&1 ( :i* !y %\ld be ! sole proprietors4 ,9 #ahfa1 ,russia emancipat$ all s]fs )9 h] bord]s4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! /]n 'logic ( ev5ts' seems to be rapidly br++ ab\t simil> results1 al?\gh inde$ 'slav]y' & 's]fdom' %\ld nev] be m5tion$ toge!r1 be+ s ess5tially diff]5t2 ! "o ! possession ( ! man1 ! o!r m]ely ! own]%ip ( 8 labor or ( a portion ( its results4 ,we _c bett] conclude ?an by giv+ ! foll[+ extract f ! ,introduction ( ,m4 ,co*91 :o1 by ! way1 is a man ( good family & ample =tune1 an em95t publici/1 & a ,ca?olic ( ! s*ool ( ,lacordaire1 ,montalemb]t1 ,monseigneur d',orleans1 & ! ,pr9ce de ,broglie3 ',x 0 once exclaim$1 ,p]i% ! colonies1 r ?an a pr9ciple6 ,! pr9ciple has n p]i%$1 ! colonies h n p]i%$4 ',x is n correct t int]e/s %\ld yield to pr9ciples2 betwe5 legitimate int]e/s & true pr9ciples1 h>mony is infallible2 ?is is tru?4 ,^? :o look only to int]e/s are soon] or lat] deceiv$ 9 _! calculations2 ^? :o1 exclusively occupi$ ) pr9ciples1 are g5]\s )\t be+ practical1 cease to be g5]\s1 = !y lead ! cause :i* !y s]ve to c]ta9 de/ruction4 ,x is ! w ( ,god t realities %\ld m+le ) ideas1 & t mat]ial ob/acles %\ld compel ! pur*ase ( progress by toil4' ,! publi%]s tell u t1 a l>ge dem& = ?is "w hav+ aris51 !y h issu$ ?is 'popul> edition1' :]e9 ! figures 9 ! orig9al are giv5 z ne>ly z possible 9 ! ,am]ican curr5cies1 measures1 etc4 ,,/umbl+ ,,blocks4 ,by ,,gail ,,hamilton1 ,au?or ( ',c\ntry ,liv+ & ,c\ntry ,?9k+1' ',gala ,days1' etc4 ,bo/on3 ,ticknor ,fields1 ,= sale by ,d4 ,appleton ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gail ,hamilton's religi\s position gives h] va/ advantages4 ,%e is ?or\ghly or?odox1 ,calv9i/ic1 & ,congregational1 & be+ nei!r ,unit>ian nor ,ca?olic1 w n be reg>d$ z "o ( ! ',suspect' by ! great community ( ! s-call$ evangelical ,*ri/ians4 ,b %e is a bold1 indep5d5t ?9k]1 & spurns ! trammels ( bigotry & prescription4 ,no p>ty _s bl9ds h] cle> vision1 no sect>ian prejudice vitiates h] /atem5ts ( ! cre$s ( o!rs1 or induces h] to veil ! faults & follies ( ^? wor%ipp+ 9 ! same *ur* ) h]self4 ,m9i/]s are by no means immaculate sa9ts 9 h] eyes4 ,seat+ h]self 9 ! pews1 %e prea*es bett] s]mons to !m ?an !y are 9 ! habit ( giv+ to _! p2 tak+ possession ( _! pulpits1 %e %[s !m :at might & ought to be done f t ?rone ( p[]4 ,petty vanities1 subjective exp]i5ces record$ 9 morbid j\rnals1 religi\s frames ( m9d frequ5tly dwelt ^u until ! tortur$ self-wat*] is driv5 into insanity1 fall "u h] sca?+ rebuke4 ,?is volume deals *iefly ) ! %ortcom+s ( ! or?odox religi\s _w4 ,its faults ( temp]1 its repulsive mann]s1 its cu/om ( mak+ home unlovely1 its di/a/e ( innoc5t amusem5t1 its habits ( c5sure1 its self-suffici5cy & ph>isaical "*1 are t\*$ ) a cau/ic b heal+ p[]4 ,only ! h& ( a fri5d c\ld h done ?is ?+4 ,no po9t ( doctr9e is que/ion$1 no pr9ciple ( fai? invad$1 no *>ity w\nd$4 ,%e probes 9 love--h] object is cure4 ,?is book is fre% & vigor\s1 wor? ?\s&s ( lifeless s]mons & unpr(itable religi\s j\rnals4 ,no prejudice or falsehood is sp>$1 ?\gh x may h tak5 refuge 9 ! v sanctu>y4 ,h] e %aft is well direct$1 e arr[ p[]fully s5t1 e %ot /rikes ! bull's eye 9 its c5tre4 ,h] words are hail/ones rattl+ fell & fa/1 b melt into & s(t5 ! he>t on :i* !y fall4 ,delusions disappe>1 cant & want ( c\rtesy become odi\s1 %ams gr[ %ameful1 :ile all lovely ?+s bloom loveli] 9 ! light ( tru? emanat+ f ?is l>ge bra91 & p\r$ ?r\gh ?is liv+ he>t4 ,we bask 9 its sun%9e1 gr[+ /rong & happy z we read4 ,*ri/ian f]vor & *>ity1 love = ,r$eem] & r$eem$1 = sa9t & s9n]1 *e] u ?r\gh all ^! well-des]v$ d5unciations4 ,h] /yle is cle> & rapid1 h] matt] ( daily & urg5t import1 h] *>act]izations ( classes & types ( m5 wor?y ( ,la ,bruyre himself1 h] satire melts into humor1 h] humor into pa?os4 ,%e has be5 attack$ by "s ( ! religi\s pap]s1 & has h]e9 tak5 a true ,*ri/ian & magnanim\s rev5ge4 ,o ,gail6 ! cl]gy %\ld op5 wide _! he>ts to take y 91 _! gift$ *ild1 ! iconocla/ )9 ! temple1 ! fai?ful disciple ( ,*ri/1 ! lov] ( purity & tru?6 ,we quote ! foll[+ brave words f ?is rem>kable book3 ',we sometimes see religi\s newspap]s *>g+ ea* o!r ) acts :i* %\ld exclude ! p]petrators f ! frat]nity ( hone/ m52 =1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( religi\s newspap]s1 "o *ur*1 or "o fraction ( a *ur*1 or "o ecclesia/ical body1 or "o memb] ( x1 accuses ano!r ( an act1 or a c\rse ( action1 :i*1 9 sob] tru?1 am\nts to no?+ m or less ?an obvi\s1 p]si/5t deception1 di%one/y & trick]y4444 ,c su* be correct transcripts ( facts8 ,is x true t a *ur*1 or any body corporate1 ^: v exi/5ce z su* is pr(ess$ly to cultivate & dissem9ate ! pr9ciples ( s\nd morality & true religion1 does fall s f> %ort ( ! fai? deliv]$ to ! sa9ts--does s f> =get its orig91 & p]v]t its aims1 z to violate common law & common hone/y1 & p]si/ 9 its violation1 delib]ately1 aga9/ repeat$ remon/rances1 by %e] =ce8 ,yet we see no convulsion 9 ! community4 ,no?+ intimates t a great grief is fall5 ^u ,israel4 ,ev]ybody eats1 dr9ks1 & sleeps z usual4 ,! pulpits /ill /&1 & ! law & ! gospel are appeal$ to f t vantage gr\nd4 ,! sacram5tal cup is /ill rais$ to dev\t lips4 ,! gray heads ( ! culprits /ill g 9 & out among ! p ) no dim9i%+ ( honor--no odium is atta*$ to _! p]sons2 no /igmas to _! names4 ,:at a /ate ( ?+s does ?is argue6 ,a :ole *ur* plunges into d>kness1 & ! ',maje/ic heav5 ,%9es n ! less = t "o vani%$ />4' ',c we wond] t ! _w w n let itself be conv]t$8 ,to :at %\ld x be conv]t$1 if x 7 will+8 ,w\ld x be an advance = a community t s5ds its ?ieves to prison :5 x cat*es !m to m]ge itself 9 a community t is cont5t to pr9t a few columns ( expos on ! subject8 ,if ! /ream :]e y wi% to dr9k is muddy1 y w sc>cely f9d cle> wat]s by desc5d+4 ,y want to g up1 n d[n2 up on ! high l&s :]e ?reads ( cry/al cleave ! gray old rocks1 & ga!r purity f e>?'s deep bosom & ! sky's cle> blue4 ',if x is n s1 if ! acts only appe> di%one/ because we are look+ at "o side1 :y d we n say s1 or :y d we say any?+ ab\t x8 ,e man is to be held innoc5t till he is prov$ guilty4 ,if !re is any /&po9t f :i* we c view our oppon5t's position & f9d x n di%one/1 we ought to m5tion x4 ,we h no "r to look at him f a /&po9t1 & hold him up to view z a crim9al1 & ignore ano!r1 f :i* he may be se5 z simply mi/ak51 or deceiv$1 or blameless4 ,/ill less h we a "r to take innoc5t facts & con/ruct ^u !m a guilty hypo!sis to suit our =egone conclusion4 ,a "r to d x8 ,x is s94 ,x is m ?an murd]4 ,x may rob a man ( :at is m preci\s to him ?an 8 life4 ,x attempts to take away f a man :at1 tak51 w\ld leave him /ripp$ ( 8 manhood1 & a man's manhood is wor? m to him & 8 fri5ds ?an 8 bone & muscle4' ,ah1 ,gail1 ?y ke5 aim has inde$ /ruck ! pupil ( ! bull's eye6 ,if false /atem5ts ( v>y+ dogmas 7 held 'z crim9al z !y und\bt$ly are1' if !y 7 nev] view$ f '=egone conclusions1' sects w\ld p]i% 9 ! dea? ( misconceptions1 & w>r+ ,*ri/ians w\ld ru% into ea* o!r's arms ) ! joy-cry1 ',bro!rs6' ,?r\gh ! mis/atem5ts ( c5turies1 ! good ,prote/ant m9i/] reg>ds ! ,ca?olic prie/1 ready z he may be to die = ! fai? ( 8 fa!rs1 z a wilful li>1 a consci\s deceiv]1 sell+ ! s\ls ( 8 flock = a ,judas bribe2 :ile ! equally good prie/1 9 8 turn1 looks ^u ! consci5ti\s m9i/] z a despis] ( au?ority1 an enemy ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 refus+ to he> :at he believes to be its und\bt$ tea*+s1 a bl9d man1 lead+ ! bl9d into ! pit ( p]dition4 ,! m5 may be bo? "r f ! /&po9t ( _! '=egone conclusions1' bo? wrong f ! /&po9t ( fact4 ,& s x goes on1 ?r\gh all ! less] sect>ian divisions4 ,ev]y:]e mis/atem5t1 misconception1 & sm\ld]+ hatr$4 ,! fir/ /ep to reconciliation among ! antagoni/ic memb]s ( ,*ri/'s torn body1 w\ld be to put into in/antane\s practice ! wise1 s\nd1 & j maxims ( ,gail ,hamilton4 ,let u beg9 x1 lov]s ( tru? & ju/ice6 ,,! ,,ma9e ,,woods4 ,by ,,h5ry ,d4 ,,?oreau1 ,au?or ( ',a ,week on ! ,concord & ,m]rimack ,riv]s1' ',wald51' ',excursions1' etc4 ,bo/on3 ,ticknor ,fields4 ,= sale by ,d4 ,appleton ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,! fir/ ( ! pap]s conta9$ 9 ?is book 0 publi%$ 9 ',! ,union ,magaz9e2' ! second1 ',*esuncook1' came out 9 ! ',atlantic ,mon?ly1' 9 #aheh2 ! la/ is n[ = ! fir/ "t pr9t$4 ,! cont5ts ( ! volume are z foll[s3 ,ktaadn1 ,*esuncook1 ,! ,allega% & ,ea/ ,bran*2 9 ! ,app5dix we h ,trees1 ,fl[]s1 & ,%rubs1 ,li/ ( ,plants1 ,li/ ( ,birds1 ,quadrup$s1 ,outfit = an ,excursion1 & a ,li/ ( ,indian ,words4 ,h5ry ,d4 ,?oreau 0 an en?usia/ic lov] ( nature1 b no bl9d ador] ( h] lovel9ess4 ,he knew h] 9 all h] moods1 0 famili> ) all h] caprices4 ,he 0 a man ( /rong bra91 & ( accurate k 9 su* fields z x pleas$ him to /udy4 ,! woods h nev] be=e _h su* an accurate biograph]1 su* a true pa9t]4 ,he saw !m ) ! eye ( ! poet z well z t ( ! naturali/4 ,s*ol>%ip & imag9ation roam ) him 9 ! primeval =e/s4 ,aft] ! mo/ accurate & detail$ description ( a moose :i* _h be5 kill$ by 8 ,indian guide1 ?is anti-s5tim5tali/1 b true =e/ lov] says3 ',"h1 j at ! head ( ! murmur+ rapids1 ,joe n[ proce$$ to sk9 ! moose ) a pocket knife1 :ile ,i look$ on2 & a tragical bus9ess x 0--to see t /ill w>m & palpitat+ body pi]c$ ) a knife1 to see ! w>m milk /ream f ! r5t udd]1 & ! gha/ly nak$ r$ c>cass appe>+ f )9 its seemly robe1 :i* 0 made to hide x4' ,!re is no joy ( ! hunt] "h6 ,! words are z 'tragical' & t5d] z 7 ^? ( ! melan*oly ,jaques4 ,t 'w>m milk & r5t udd]' seems to make ! /ately creature half human4 ,he proce$s3 ',b on m acc\nts ?an "o1 ,i _h _h en\gh ( moose hunt+4 ,i _h n come to ! woods = ?is purpose1 nor _h ,i =ese5 x1 ?\gh ,i _h be5 will+ to le>n h[ ! ,indian manoeuvr$2 b "o moose kill$ 0 z good1 if n z bad1 z a doz54 ,! aft]noon's trag$y & my %>e 9 x1 z x affect$ ! innoc5ce1 de/roy$ ! pleasure ( my adv5ture4 ,?is hunt+ ( ! moose m]ely = ! satisfaction ( kill+ him--n ev5 = ! sake ( 8 hide--)\t mak+ any extraord9>y ex]tion or runn+ any risk y\rself1 is too mu* l go+ out by night to "s woodside pa/ure & %oot+ y\r neighbor's horses4 ,^! are ,god's own horses1 poor timid creatures1 t w run fa/ en\gh z soon z !y smell y1 ?\gh !y are n9e feet high 7(t5 elev51 ) ! antl]s74444 ,y /rip (f its hide1 because t is ! common trophy1 & moreov] y h he>d x may be sold = mocassons--cut a /eak f its body1 & leave ! huge c>cass 'to smell to heav5' = y4 ,x is no bett]1 at lea/1 ?an to assi/ at a slaught] h\se4 ,?is aft]noon's exp]i5ce sugge/$ to me h[ base or co>se are ! motives :i* commonly c>ry m5 into ! wild]ness4 ,! explor]s & lumb]]s g5]ally are hirel+s1 paid s mu* a day = _! labor1 & z su* !y h no m love = wild nature ?an wood sawy]s h = =e/s4 ,o!r :ite m5 & ,indians :o come "h are = ! mo/ "p hunt]s1 ^: object is to slay z _m moose & o!r wild animals z possible4 ,b pray1 c\ld n "o sp5d "s weeks or ye>s 9 ! solitude ( ?is va/ wild]ness ) o!r employm5ts ?an ^!--employm5ts p]fectly sweet1 innoc5t1 & ennobl+8 ,= "o t comes ) a p5cil to sket* or s+1 a ?\s& come ) an axe or rifle4 ,:at a co>se & imp]fect use ,indians & hunt]s make ( nature6 ,no wond] t _! race is s soon ext]m9at$4 ,i already1 & = weeks aft]w>d1 felt my nature ! co>s] = ?is "p ( my woodl& exp]i5ce1 & 0 rem9d$ t our life %\ld be liv$ z t5d]ly & da9tily z "o w\ld pluck a fl[]4' ,aga93 ',z ,i sat be=e ! fire on my fir-twig seat1 )\t walls above or ar\nd me1 ,i rememb]$ h[ f> on e h& t wild]ness /ret*$1 be=e y came to cle>$ or cultivat$ fields1 & wond]$ if any be> or moose 0 wat*+ ! light ( my fire2 = nature look$ /]nly ^u me on acc\nt ( ! murd] ( ! moose4 ',/range t s few ev] come to ! woods to see h[ ! p9e lives & gr[s & spires1 lift+ its ev]-gre5 arms to ! light--to see its p]fect success2 b mo/ are cont5t to behold x 9 ! %ape ( _m broad bo>ds br\ght to m>ket1 & deem t its true success4 ,b ! p9e is no m lumb] ?an man is1 & to be made into bo>ds & h\ses is no m its true & highe/ use1 ?an ! true/ use ( a man is to be cut d[n & made into manure4 ,!re is a high] law affect+ our relation to p9es z well z to m54 ,a p9e cut d[n1 a dead p9e1 is no m a p9e ?an a dead human c>cass is a man4 ,c he :o has discov]$ only "s ( ! values ( :alebone & :ale oil be said to h discov]$ ! true use ( ! :ale8 ,c he :o slays ! elephant = 8 ivory be said to h 'se5 ! elephant'8 ,^! are petty & accid5tal uses2 j z if a /rong] race 7 to kill u 9 ord] to make buttons & flageolets ( our bones2 = ev]y?+ may s]ve a l[] z well z a high] use4 ,e creature is bett] alive ?an dead1 m5 & moose & p9e trees1 & he :o und]/&s x aright w r pres]ve its life ?an de/roy x4 ',is x ! lumb]man1 !n1 :o is ! fri5d & lov] ( ! p9e1 /&s ne>e/ to x1 & und]/&s its nature be/8 ,is x ! tann] :o has b>k$ x1 or he :o has box$ x = turp5t9e1 :om po/]ity w fable to h *ang$ into a p9e at la/8 ,no6 no6 x is ! poet2 he x is :o makes ! true/ use ( ! p9e--:o does n fondle x ) an axe1 nor tickle x ) a saw1 nor /roke x ) a plane--:o kn[s :e!r its he>t is false )\t cutt+ into x--:o has n b\ght ! /umpage ( ! t[n on :i* its /&s4 ,all ! p9es %udd] & heave a sigh :5 t man /eps on ! =e/ floor4 ,no1 x is ! poet1 :o loves !m z 8 own %ad[ 9 ! air1 & lets !m /&4 ,i h be5 into ! lumb] y>d1 ! c>p5t]'s %op1 ! tann]y1 ! lamp-black factory1 & ! turp5t9e cle>+2 b :5 at l5g? ,i saw ! tops ( ! p9es wav+ & reflect+ ! light at a di/ance ov] all ! re/ ( ! =e/1 ,i realiz$ t ! =m] 7 n ! highe/ use ( ! p9e4 ,x is n _! bones or hide or tall[ t ,i love mo/4 ,x is ! liv+ _s ( ! tree1 n its _s ( turp5t9e1 ) :i* ,i sympa?ize1 & :i* heals my cuts4 ,x is z immortal z ,i am1 &1 p]*ance1 may g to z high a heav51 !re to t[] above me /ill4' ,read]1 0 n ?is man a nature lov]1 a nature limn]1 wor?y to take 8 place among our ,gif=ds1 ,:ittr$ges1 ,mc,entees1 ,bi]/adts1 & ,be>ds8 ,truly orig9al1 natural1 & ,am]ican1 :o among our descriptive writ]s c surpass ,h4 ,d4 ,?oreau8 ,,prim>y ,,lessons ,,= ,,deaf ,,mutes4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,jacobs1 ,a4 ,m41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,k5tucky ,in/itution = ! ,education ( ,deaf ,mutes4 ,new ,york3 ,john ,f4 ,tr[1 ,pr9t] ,publi%]1 #ej ,gre5e /reet1 betwe5 ,broome ,gr&4 #ahfd4 ,an excell5t little "w1 int5d$ to imp>t "s ( ! rudim5t>y bran*es ( le>n+ to t int]e/+ class ( our fell[ be+s :o c nei!r speak nor he>4 ,e ef=t made = _! in/ruction %\ld be cordially welcom$1 = sad inde$ is _! position1 & v difficult ! discov]y ( means to rea* & develop _! (t5 v bright intellig5ce4 ,^! lessons c be us$ by p>5ts1 gu>dians1 or eld] bro!rs & si/]s1 be=e ! deaf-mute *ild is old en\gh to s5d to a regul> in/itution4 ,!y are divid$ into two p>ts1 b\nd 9 sep>ate little volumes1 & fill$ ) cuts illu/rat+ ! text--or r1 ! text1 z is prop] 9 su* a "w1 illu/rates ! cuts1 :i* occupy ! l>g] portion ( ! book4 ,tea*]s _c b f9d ^! aids ( incalculable value4 ,,! ,,relations ,,( ,,! ,,indu/ry ,,( ,,canada ,,) ,,! ,,"m ,,c\ntry ,,& ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,be+ a ,spee* by ,,isaac ,,bu*anan1 ,esq41 ,m4 ,p41 z deliv]$ at ! late ,demon/ration to ! ,p>liam5t>y ,opposition at ,toronto2 toge!r ) a s]ies ( ,articles 9 def5ce ( ! ,national ,s5tim5ts conta9$ !re91 :i* orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! columns ( ! ,hamilton ,spectator1 f ! p5 ( ,mr4 ,bu*anan2 to :i* is add$ a ,spee* deliv]$ by him at ! ,d9n] giv5 to ! ,pione]s ( ,upp] ,canada1 at ,london1 ,canada ,we/1 #aj? ,decemb]1 #ahfc4 ,n[ fir/ publi%$ 9 complete & collect$ =m1 ) copi\s ,notes & ,annotations1 besides an ext5d$ ,introductory ,explanation1 & an ,app5dix conta9+ v>i\s valuable ,docum5ts4 ,edit$ by ,,h5ry ,j4 ,,morgan1 ,correspond+ ,memb] ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society1 & ,au?or ( ',sket*es ( ,celebrat$ ,canadians4' ,montreal3 ,pr9t$ by ,john ,lovell1 ,/4 ,ni*olas4 #ahfd4 ,we recomm5d ?is book to su* ( our read]s z may be int]e/$ 9 political economy1 n z s\nd 9 !ory1 b z conta9+ a va/ array ( facts & giv+ consid]able in=mation ) reg>d to ! int]nal affairs ( our neighbor ,canada4 ,! ,reciprocity ,treaty comes 9 = its %>e ( consid]ation4 ,mr4 ,bu*anan is a ,protectioni/1 & uses ! argum5ts ( 8 p>ty ) consid]able ability4 ,! "q ( annexation is also incid5tally t\*$ ^u4 ,we d n "k t we c give our read]s a bett] idea ( ! cont5ts & policy ( ?is book ?an by plac+ ! d$ication be=e !m4 ',to ! lead]s ( ! =?com+ ,p>ty ( ,ord]1 ,i d$icate ^! pages1 because ,i feel t ! prov9ce is at ! w9n+ or ! los+1 & t we %all h]eaft] h to hail y z ! honor$ in/rum5ts ( our ,political & ,indu/rial salvation4 ',9 ,mr4 ,bu*anan's ,lett] to ! ,editor ( ! ,globe1 assur+ him publicly t ,mr4 ,bu*anan & all 8 fri5ds1 z 9 ! ,pa/1 s 9 ! ,future1 w\ld be f\nd oppon5ts to ! dea? ( ,annexation1 & n its fri5ds1 z t j\rnal basely ins9uat$1 he /ates t he is ( no p>ty1 ?\gh reluctantly compell$ to be 9 opposition to ! pres5t m9i/ry 9 consequ5ce ( _! acts1 ,executive z well z ,legislative2 b t he is ( a class f> m num]\s ?an ! '?ick & ?9' adh]5ts ( ei!r ( ! pres5t soi-disant p>ties4 ,^? allud$ to by ,mr4 ,bu*anan w =m a new p>ty--! ,p>ty ( ,ord]1 :i* w probably be call$ ! ',con/itutional ,p>ty'--its plat=m be+ broad en\gh to hold all :o value & respect ! "t-honor$ ,con/itution1 :e!r !y be orig9al ,re=m]s or ,cons]vatives 9 "n4 ,! new ,p>ty ( ,ord] w comprise ^! elem5ts3 ',fir/4 ,cons]vative ,lib]als1 or old ,re=m]s1 :o h be5 taught by exp]i5ce1 & are will+ n[ to adopt ! ^w ',cons]vative1' at lea/ 9 its adjective s5se4 ',secondly4 ,lib]al ,cons]vatives1 or old ,tories1 or _! desc5dants1 :o h also be5 taught by exp]i5ce1 & are will+ to adopt ! ^w ',lib]al1' at lea/ 9 its adjective s5se4 ',?irdly4 ,cons]vatives1 & ,cons]vative ,lib]als1 :o h unwitt+ly be5 m+l$ up ) ! inc5di>y p>ty1 compos$ ( ',cle> ,grits' & ',r\ges4' ',& t 9 y\r discussions on ! great "q ( ! ,reciprocity ,law1 n[ ab\t to agitate bo? ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^! pages may be ( "s s]vice1 is ! fond hope ( y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ',,! ,,editor4' ,,family ,,pride4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',pique4' ,philadelphia3 ,t4 ,b4 ,pet]son ,bro!rs1 #cjf ,*e/nut /reet4 ,family ,pride is a novel ( /ill great] int]e/ ?an ',pique4' ,! plot is well conceiv$1 ! *>act]s skilfully develop$1 & ! att5tion is fasc9at$ ev5 to ! end4 ,! moral is unexceptionable1 ! /yle fre% & pure4 ,we mu/ h[ev] ent] an e>ne/ prote/ aga9/ ! manife/ inju/ice ( ! clos+ s5t5ce1 :]e ! tal5t$ au?or has gone out ( 8 way to f9d a blot = 8 book1 ! only /a9 ^u 8 fair pages4 ,x reads ?us3 ',aft] a v>iety ( vicissitudes1 %e _h embrac$ ! ,romi% fai?3 t religion :i* relieves f all p]sonal responsibility 9 spiritual matt]s2 & :i* tea*es t e>?ly p5ance & ascetic obs]vances w op5 ! gates ( heav5 to ! vile/ ( crim9als4' ,we h /udi$ ,we/m9/]1 ,episcopal1 & ,ca?olic cate*isms1 ! tea*+s 9 all ?ree ( :i* are t fai? 9 ,*ri/ & sorr[ = & r5unciation ( s9 alone c op5 ! gates ( heav54 ,we reg>d x z ! duty ( a consci5ti\s review] to po9t out an errone\s /atem5t :]ev] x occurs1 :e!r 9 reg>d to ! fai? ( ,prote/ants1 ,ca?olics1 ,hebrews1 ,mohamm$ans1 ,fire ,wor%ipp]s1 or any o!r classes ( m5 :atsoev]4 ,mis/atem5t has caus$ an imm5se deal ( blood%$ & bitt]ness among ,*ri/ians4 ,! walls ( ,zion mu/ be built ( ! /ones ( tru?4 ,,! ,,tann] ,,boy1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,he ,,became ,,lieut5ant-,,g5]al4 ,by ,,major ,,p5niman4 ',! boy is fa!r to ! man4' ,fif? ?\s&4 ,bo/on3 ,rob]ts ,bro!rs1 publi%]s1 #adc ,wa%+ton /reet4 #ahfd4 ,a lively acc\nt ( ! boyhood & subsequ5t c>e] ( "o likely to be fam\s 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,! nation's eyes are at ?is mom5t turn$ hopefully ^u ! result ( ,g54 ,grant's campaign 9 ,virg9ia1 & all w be glad to le>n t 8 previ\s life (f]s s fair & pleasant a record4 ,"o obs]vation1 h[ev]1 we feel call$ ^u to make to ! ent]ta9+ ,major3 ! y\? ( ,am]ica %\ld be taught to love1 to live =1 &1 if ne$ be1 to die = _! c\ntry2 b !y %\ld also be taught to %un n>r[ exclusiv5ess & boa/ful vanity4 ,a gov]nm5t ( a :ole p %\ld 9 ?is respect set a noble example to all o!r nations4 ,! ',tann] ,boy' has already rea*$ its 'fif? ?\s&1' & w no d\bt be eag]ly read by all ! patriotic boys & girls 9 ! l&4 ,,wax ,,fl[]s4 ,j4 ,e4 ,tilton ,co41 ,bo/on4 #ahfd4 ,?is little book conta9s some:at ov] a hundr$ pages1 & is gott5 up 9 ! attractive /yle = :i* ! publications ( ?is firm h become not$4 ,a prefatory *apt] sets =? ! object ( ! "w1 & ! claims ( ! art4 ,! fir/ "p treats ( ,wax ,fruit1 giv+ ! me?ods ( mak+ m\lds & ca/+ !refrom1 ( prep>+ ! wax1 ( color+ ! fruit & giv+ x ! prop] outw>d texture4 ,! second "p describes all ! articles & mat]ials requir$ = mak+ ev5 ! mo/ elaborate ( ,,wax ,,fl[]s2 gives ! way ( prep>+ ! wax1 includ+ its =mation into %eets ( any requir$ ?ickness1 ) all ! m9uti relat+ to color+1 c4 ,! text is cle>ly & simply writt51 & by ! aid ( ample illu/rations ev]y?+ is made pla9 to ! le>n]4 ,x is wond]ful h[ exquisitely fl[]s may be imitat$--mak+ "o wi% a device = ! secret+ ( ! appropriate p]fumes4 ,! wax once ga!r$ by bees ?r\gh _m a b[]1 ,gl[s aga9 9 ! =m ( a beautiful fl[]4 ,! arti/ 9 wax enjoys ! be/ ( opportunities = le>n+ ,botany1 bo? analytically & syn!tically4 ,a s]ies ( models 9 wax w\ld make ! ocul> /udy ( botany possible ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,! ta/e = wax fl[]s is becom+ widely ext5d$1 & high prices are br\ght by ! f9e/ specim5s ( ! art4 ,humanity %\ld he>tily welcome an employm5t :i* enables _m to escape ! suicide ( ! ne$le6 ,,d5ise4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',mademoiselle ,mori4' ,9 two vols4 ,new ,york3 ,james ,g4 ,gregory1 #edj ,broadway4 ,!re is a /range *>m ab\t ?is book4 ,! /ory is common en\gh1 ! *>act]s h no?+ orig9al 9 _! conception1 & yet we are fasc9at$ by ! detail$ tru? ( ! portraiture f ! fir/ page to ! la/4 ,! sc5es are laid 9 ,f>n\x1 a t[n 9 ! old ,prov5al di/ricts4 ,! anci5t views & mann]s are /ill reta9$1 & int]e/ u by ! =ce ( contra/ ) our own4 ,mademoiselle ,le ,m>*&1 an odd old maid1 ) a g5ius = pa9t+1 is really ! "* ( ! book4 ,d5ise1 ! h]o9e1 is quietly & fai?fully drawn4 ,v>i\s picturesque phases ( ! ,ca?olic fai? are arti/ically manag$1 :ile ! fai? itself is n treat$ ) mu* c\rtesy4 ,z a g5]al ?+ we d n l !ological novels writt5 f =egone conclusions4 ,we c imag9e h[ev] t su* a subject might be made int5sely int]e/+4 ,if a ma/] m9d ( p]fect imp>tiality w\ld give u ! effect produc$ ^u two m9ds ( equal m5tal p[]1 ( equal moral wor?1 by ,prote/antism or ,ca?olicity--su* a /udy w\ld bo? int]e/ & in/ruct4 ,all religi\s nicknames %\ld be avoid$1 z (f5sive bo? to *>ity & ref9$ ta/e4 ,episcopalians d n l to be call$ ,anglicans2 ,fri5ds1 ,quak]s2 ,bapti/s1 ,h>d%ells2 ,unit>ians1 ,pan!i/s2 nor ,ca?olics1 ,romani/s4 ,let u use c\rtesy to all m51 t s we may h m weight :5 we attack errone\s pr9ciples4 ,by all means read ,d5ise2 its /udies ( ! he>t are close & accurate4 ,,editor',s ,,table4 ,,! ,,campaign4 ,furni%$ by a ,fri5d ( ! ,editor ( ,,! ,,cont95tal4 ,?ree r\tes ( op]ation are op5 to an army design+ to proce$ aga9/ ,ri*mond3 fir/1 along ! ,orange & ,alex&ria ,railroad to ,*>lottesville2 second1 along ! railroad f ,fr$]icksburg to ,hanov] ,c\rt ,h\se2 & ?ird1 by ! way ( ,=tress ,monroe4 ,! fir/ has ! disadvantage ( pres5t+ a long l9e ( communication1 con/antly expos$ to inroads f gu]illas1 & = ! purposes ( w>f>e may be consid]$ z utt]ly impracticable4 ,x w\ld n1 9 fact1 be wor? consid]+1 _h n "s critics ( ,g54 ,grant's movem5ts absurdly insi/$ t he ought to h adopt$ ?is r\te4 ,! second r\te is f> m advantage\s1 & _h ,g54 ,grant's purposes be5 conf9$ simply to putt+ 8 army be=e ! rebel capital1 & ly+ !re to seize su* opportunities z ! developm5ts ( ! campaign %\ld af=d1 x might h be5 exp$i5t to ma9ta9 by ?is r\te communications ) ! ,potomac4 ,b ! int5tions ( our ,lieut5ant-,g5]al 7 ( a mu* m compreh5sive "*4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 foll[+ ?is r\te 9 8 m>*1 because x gave ! mo/ direct & %orte/ l9e to ,ri*mond1 he did n use ! railroad z a means ( communication4 ,8 aim 0 fix$ on an ult]ior object4 ,he design$ to put 8 army 9 su* a position t x %\ld be con/antly assail+ ,ri*mond by its pres5ce1 al?\gh n a gun %\ld be fir$4 ,he1 !re=e1 tri$ ! /r5g? ( ! rebel works1 9 pass+1 & f9d+ t "t w\ld be sp5t uselessly 9 attempt+ to ov]?r[ !m ei!r ^u ! nor? or ! ea/1 he proce$$ to ! new position s\? ( ! ,james1 & adopt$ ! ?ird r\te m5tion$ = 8 communication ) ! ,nor?1 hav+ previ\sly us$ x1 also1 = ! transportation to ! ultimate sc5e ( conflict ( a "p ( 8 =ces "u ,g54 ,butl]4 ,among milit>y m51 !re h be51 s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! w>1 _m advocates = an attack on ,ri*mond f ! position at ,pet]sburg4 ,x has _m advantages4 ,! facilities = transport+ supplies are easy1 x isolates ! capital ( ! ,s\!rn gov]nm5t f its s\!rn & ea/]n connections1 x int]f]es l>gely ) ! int]nal trade ( ! conf$]acy1 x conf9es ! rebel army 9 a n>r[ space1 & x necessitates con/ant ef=ts on ! "p ( ! conf$]ate comm&]s to expel ! ,nor!rn =ces1 ?us con/ra9+ !m to leave _! works & become assailants4 ,9 f9e1 ! position af=ds m opportunities = /rategically inve/+ ,ri*mond ?an any o!r :i* is accessible to our armies4 ,a cle> p]ception ( ^! advantages det]m9$ ,g54 ,grant to adopt ! position at ,pet]sburg4 ,he 0 aw>e t ,ri*mond c\ld n be directly inve/$ except ) a v l>ge army4 ,he desir$ to accompli% ! results :i* su* an inve/m5t w\ld give4 ,he s\ght to cut (f ! city f its pr9cipal *annels ( communication--to deprive x ( its ma9 res\rces4 ,h ^! purposes be5 effect$8 ,at ! "t we write x is ann\nc$ t ! army occupies ! railroad lead+ to ,weldon1 ?us break+ ! communication ) ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 t our cavalry has de/roy$ a portion ( ! road lead+ to ,lyn*burg2 t ! =ces op]at+ "u ,g54 ,hunt] h also de/roy$ portions ( ! ,virg9ia ,c5tral & ! road betwe5 ,gordonsville & ,lyn*burg2 !y h also damag$ ! ,james ,riv] ,canal4 ,! only railroad communication n[ exi/+ betwe5 ,ri*mond & ! ,s\? is t by way ( ,danville4 ,be=e ?is rea*es our read]s we tru/ t ! effects ( ^! ef=ts to isolate ! capital ( ! conf$]acy w become evid5t2 t ! rebel army w be =c$ to leave its intr5*m5ts & meet our brave soldi]s 9 ! field1 & t ! conflict may h result$ 9 victory = ! cause ( ! c\ntry & ( fre$om4 ,! v>i\s /eps ( ! process by :i* ! army ga9$ ! position at ,pet]sburg are already well kn[n4 ,f ! "t ! camps at ,culpepp] ,c\rt ,h\se 7 brok5 up1 until ! l9es 7 e/abli%$ s\? ( ! ,james riv]1 ! s]ies ( movem5ts consi/$ 9 ma/]ly m>*es by ! left1 compell+ ! enemy con/antly to fall back f 8 intr5*$ positions to po9ts f>!r 9 8 re>4 ,su* movem5ts 7 n1 h[ev] made until aft] trials ( ! enemy 9 ! front1 "s ( :i* result$ 9 spl5did p>tial successes4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 n conclusive4 ,! flank movem5ts ( our army belong to t class :i* are consid]$ among ! mo/ difficult 9 w>f>e1 requir+ great skill 9 comm&]s to arrange _! details1 & endurance & discipl9e 9 ! troops to effect !m4 ,x is no easy matt] to *ange position 9 ! face ( a w>y & vigor\s enemy1 ready to fall ^u any expos$ po9t 9 ! long array ( a m>*+ column4 ,yet1 sev]al times1 ! manoeuvre has be5 skilfully & successfully p]=m$1 & ea* "t ! rebels h le>n$ x too late to pr(it by ! *ances (f]$ = a surprise4 ,hundr$s ( miles di/ant f ! pr9cipal po9t ( attraction 9 ,virg9ia1 ! o!r great army ( ! ,union1 "u ,g54 ,%]man1 has also be5 p]=m+ simil> feats--turn+ by well-direct$ m>*es1 "o aft] ano!r1 ! intr5*$ positions ( ! enemy 9 ! m\nta9\s di/rict ( ,georgia4 ,atlanta1 ! object ( its toils1 is a great c5tre ( railroad communication1 & :5 our armies obta9 possession ( x1 ! conf$]acy w exp]i5ce ano!r sev]+ /roke1 almo/ z sev]e z t :i* cleft x 9 twa9 by ! capture ( ,vicksburg & ! reop5+ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,by su* /rokes ! pret5ti\s impo/ure ( a ,s\!rn nation mu/ be brok5 into fragm5ts1 ev5 %\ld ! armies support+ x rema9 = a "t organiz$ & defiant2 =1 "u ! appliances ( mod]n civilization & comm]ce1 ! possession ( a railroad or int]nal depot ( trade is almo/ equival5t to ! de/ruction ( an army4 ,! campaigns ( #ahfc produc$ great results1 z well geographically z 9 ! capture ( m5 & munitions f ! rebels4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> !y held ! ,mississippi1 !y ?reat5$ ,k5tucky & ! bord]s ( ! ,ohio1 !y 7 able to draw supplies f ,t5nessee1 ,arkansas1 & ,texas4 ,!y 71 moreov]1 arrogantly defiant t[>d ! ,nor?1 & boa/$ ( _! ability to m>* to its great comm]cial c5tres4 ,at ! close ( ! ye> !y 7 driv5 to ! conf9es ( ,georgia1 !y 7 sep>at$ f ! trans-,mississippi region1 _! boa/+ _h be5 br\ght to humility at ,gettysburg4 ,! objects to be accompli%$ 9 ! great campaign ( #ahfd are to drive 9 ^u ea* o!r ! two armies :i* resi/ our progress 9 ,virg9ia & ,georgia1 & to compress ! rebellion into ! ,s\!rn ,atlantic ,/ates4 ,?is done1 ! exi/5ce ( secession is practically at an end1 ?\gh x may brag z l\dly z ev] & keep on foot its armies4 ,= )\t ,virg9ia1 & )\t ! connections ( ,atlanta1 ! exi/5ce ( an indep5d5t gov]nm5t 9 ! ,s\? is impossible3 suffici5t c\ntry w\ld n rema9 to support s magnific5t an affair4 ,! loss ( ,virg9ia 9 fact w\ld be ! fatal bl[ to ! rebellion2 =1 h[ev] ,s\? ,c>ol9a may exalt h]self1 & h[ev] ! o!r ,/ates ( ! ,s\? may aspire1 yet x is ,virg9ia :i* gives tone & respectability to ! ,s\!rn conf$]acy4 ,x is = ?is1 f> m ?an because x is ! rebel capital1 t ! capture ( ,ri*mond is desirable4 ,b %\ld x happ5--:i* =tunately is n a reasonable surmise--t ! objects ( ?is ye>'s campaign %\ld n be atta9$1 we consid] t ! ,s\!rn conf$]acy exi/s only 9 pret5ce4 ,%\ld its ports be to-day op5$1 %\ld our armies fall back to _! prim>y bases ( op]ation1 %\ld ,european ,p[]s =mally decl>e t a slave republic exi/s1 yet ! new nation w\ld be practically a non5tity4 ,does any "o suppose t ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld yield ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas1 ,new ,orleans1 & ! ,mississippi2 t ! freem5 ( ,we/]n ,virg9ia w\ld be =sak52 t ,=tress ,monroe & ,port ,royal w\ld be ab&on$8 ,h[ long w\ld a nation s surr\nd$1 s int]sect$1 exi/1 or h[ c\ld x a*ieve any prosp]ity1 "*1 & /ability8 ,con/ant w>1 9 ! ef=t to exp& & p]fect its bord]s1 w\ld be its necessity2 b su* a necessity w\ld be its de/ruction4 ,!re is no possibility ( compromise or arrangem5t 9 ! conte/ 9 :i* we are engag$1 except ) ! p>allel ( ! ,potomac & ! ,ohio z ! divid+ bord]2 b su* an arrangem5t is impossible2 entire reconque/ becomes ! imp]ative2 x may be delay$1 our pres5t hopes may be disappo9t$1 b ! m>* ( our armies ?us f> has trodd5 out ! life f ! ,s\!rn attempt at indep5d5ce1 & any future exi/5ce x may h w be m]ely muscul> p>oxysms--n ! /eady1 regul>1 automatic movem5ts ( fre$om & spontaneity4 ,any notice ( ! op]ations ( our armies w\ld be incomplete )\t tributes to ! ability ( comm&]s & ! valor ( our soldi]s4 ,9 no previ\s p]iod ( ! w> h ^! be5 m /rik+ly exemplifi$4 ,! capacity ( man to endure & 8 ability to ex]t himself cont9u\sly )\t exhau/+ 8 en]gy1 are v wond]ful4 ,! read] ( milit>y hi/ory is con/antly /ruck ) ?is1 9 p]us+ acc\nts ( sieges & m>*es & battles4 ,w> is always accompani$ ) a ho/ ( t]rors--exposures to heat1 cold1 & tempe/s1 m>*es ?r\gh swamps & sn[s1 suff]+ by hung] & ?ir/ & fatigue1 ly+ ) ble$+ w\nds = days & nights betwe5 ! l9es ( fri5ds & foes1 toil1 dang]1 privation1 pa91 9 e =m4 ,b among ! memorable campaigns 9 ! hi/ory ( w>1 none is m m>k$ = its incessant activity & ! *e]ful alacrity ) :i* e h>d%ip 0 endur$1 ?an t 9 :i* our army m>*$ f ! ,rapidan to ! ,james4 ,f ,georgia1 too1 we h simil> acc\nts ( difficulties met only to be surm\nt$4 ,heav5 bless our gallant soldi]s ev]y:]e6 ,a nation's hopes & pray]s are ) !m4 ,may !y "k ! soldi]'s de>e/ delight--victory6