,,ont>io ,,tea*]s' ,,manuals ,,h\sehold ,,sci5ce ,,9 ,,rural ,,s*ools ,illu/ration3 ,pr9t]'s m>k4 ,,au?oriz$ ,,by ,,! ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,education ,,toronto ,,william ,,briggs ,copyright4 ,canada4 #aiah4 by ,! ,m9i/] ( ,education = ,ont>io ,,cont5ts ,,page ,preface vii ,?ree ,%ort ,c\rses 9 ,home-mak+ #a ,introduction #a ,a ,libr>y on ,home ,economics = ! ,rural ,s*ool #b ,tw5ty ,lessons 9 ! ,c>e ( ! ,home #d ,sugge/ions to ! ,tea*] #d ,equipm5t #e ,ref]5ce ,books #f ,lesson ,i3 ,arrangem5t & ,c>e ( ! ,kit*5 #g ,lesson ,,ii3 ,c>e ( ,cupbo>ds & ,ut5sils #aj ,lesson ,,iii3 ,c>e ( ,foods #ab ,lesson ,,iv3 ,disposal ( ,wa/e #ad ,lesson ,v3 ,mak+ ,soap #ag ,lesson ,,vi3 ,sett+ & ,cle>+ ! ,table #ah ,lesson ,,vii3 ,wait+ on ,table #ba ,lessons ,,viii & ,,ix3 ,g5]al ,clean+ ( a ,room #bc ,lesson ,x3 ,c>e ( ! ,b$-room #be ,lesson ,,xi3 ,c>e ( ,lamps #bg ,lesson ,,xii3 ,prev5tion ( ,pe/s #bi ,lesson ,,xiii3 ,remov+ ,/a9s1 ,blea*+ ,fabrics1 & ,sett+ ,col\rs #cb ,lesson ,,xiv3 ,wa%+ ,di%-,t[els1 ,aprons1 etc4 #cd ,lesson ,,xv3 ,iron+ #ce ,lessons ,,xvi & ,,xvii3 ,c>e ( ! ,baby #cf ,lesson ,,xviii3 ,co/ ( ,food1 ,clo?+1 & ,h\se #ci ,lesson ,,xix3 ,h[ to ,keep ,acc\nts #ci ,lesson ,,xx3 ,c>e ( ! ,ext]ior ( ! ,h\se #da ,ref]5ce ,books #dd ,tw5ty ,lessons 9 ,cook+ #de ,sugge/ions to ! ,tea*] #de ,abbreviations & ,measurem5ts #dh ,table ( ,level ,measurem5ts #dh ,comp>isons ,betwe5 ,weights & ,measures #dh ,ref]5ce ,books #di ,lesson ,i3 ,discussion ( ,foods & ,cook+ #ej ,recipes #eb ,lesson ,,ii3 ,prep>+ & ,s]v+ ,vegetables #ec ,recipes #ee ,lesson ,,iii3 ,! ,value ( ,c>bohydrates 9 ! ,diet #eh ,recipes #ei ,lesson ,,iv3 ,fruits & ,vegetables #fj ,recipes--,op5-kettle ,me?od2 ,cold-pack ,me?od2 ,s+le ,process ,me?od2 ,int]mitt5t ,me?od #fc ,lesson ,v3 ,fats--,vegetables--,cont9u$ #ff ,recipes #fh ,exp]im5ts 9 ,us+ ,/>* = ,?ick5+ #fi ,conclusions ,bas$ on ! ,=ego+ ,exp]im5ts #fi ,lesson ,,vi3 ,c]eals #gj ,recipes #ga ,lesson ,,vii3 ,classification ( ,foods--,review$ #gc ,black-bo>d ,summ>y #gf ,lesson ,,viii3 ,! ,plann+ & ,s]v+ ( ,meals #gf ,examples ( ,well-*os5 ,m5us #gg ,lesson ,,ix3 ,milk #gi ,recipes #ha ,lesson ,x3 ,s\ps #hb ,recipes #hc ,lesson ,,xi3 ,eggs #he ,recipes #hf ,lesson ,,xii3 ,simple ,dess]ts--,cu/>ds #hh ,recipes #hi ,lesson ,,xiii3 ,batt]s & ,d\ghs #ij ,recipes #ia ,lesson ,,xiv3 ,batt]s & ,d\ghs--,cont9u$ #ib ,recipes #ic ,lesson ,,xv3 ,meats #id ,recipes #ie ,lesson ,,xvi3 ,bak$ ,pork & ,beans--,bak+-p[d] ,biscuits #ih ,recipes #ih ,lesson ,,xvii3 ,butt] ,cakes--,pla9 ,yell[ ,cake--,cocoa ,c(fee--,tea #ii ,recipes #aja ,lesson ,,xviii3 ,yea/ ,bread #ajc ,recipes #ajd ,lesson ,,xix3 ,s]v+ a ,simple ,d9n] ,)\t ,meat--,bak$ ,omelet--,mac>oni & ,*eese #ajf ,recipes #ajf ,lesson ,,xx3 ,sug> #ajg ,recipes #ajh ,tw5ty ,lessons 9 ,sew+ #aaj ,sugge/ions to ! ,tea*] #aaj ,ref]5ce ,books #aab ,lesson ,i3 ,prep>ation = ,sew+ #aac ,lesson ,,ii3 ,hemm+ ,t[els #aae ,lesson ,,iii3 ,hemm+ ,t[els--,cont9u$ #aaf ,lesson ,,iv3 ,bags #aai ,lesson ,v3 ,bags--,cont9u$ #abj ,lesson ,,vi3 ,bags--,cont9u$ #abb ,lesson ,,vii3 ,bags--,cont9u$ #abc ,lesson ,,viii3 ,bags--,cont9u$ #abd ,lesson ,,ix3 ,d>n+ ,/ock+s #abg ,lesson ,x3 ,pat*+ #abh ,lesson ,,xi3 ,cutt+ ,out ,aprons or ,und]g>m5ts #acj ,lesson ,,xii3 ,aprons or ,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ #acb ,lesson ,,xiii3 ,aprons or ,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ #acd ,lesson ,,xiv3 ,aprons or ,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ #ace ,lesson ,,xv3 ,aprons or ,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ #acf ,lesson ,,xvi3 ,aprons or ,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ #acg ,lesson ,,xvii3 ,me?ods ( ,fa/5+ ,g>m5ts #ach ,lesson ,,xviii3 ,me?ods ( ,fa/5+ ,g>m5ts--,cont9u$ #adj ,lesson ,,xix3 ,a ,padd$ ,hold] = ,h&l+ ,hot ,di%es ,b9d+ #adb ,lesson ,,xx3 ,a ,cap to ,we> ) ! ,cook+ ,apron #add ,h\sehold ,sci5ce ,equipm5t #adf ,h\sehold ,sci5ce ,cab9et ,mat]ials ,requir$1 ,/ock ,bill1 ,tools1 ,directions = ,mak+ #afa ,equipm5t = ,rural ,s*ool ,h\sehold ,sci5ce ,cab9et--,no4 ,i #agc ,equipm5t = ,rural ,s*ool ,h\sehold ,sci5ce ,cab9et--,no4 ,,ii #agd ,! ,hectograph #agg ,! ,rural ,s*ool ,lun* #agh ,! ,box ,lun* #agi ,cont5ts ( ! ,lun* ,box #aha ,s&wi* ,mak+ #ahb ,sugge/ions = ,s&wi* ,fill+s #ahb ,sugge/ions = ,plann+ #ahc ,sugge/ions = ,dess]ts #ahd ,pack+ ! ,lun* ,box #ahd ,rules = ,pack+ #ahd ,equipm5t = ,pack+ #ahe ,s]v+ a ,hot ,di% #ahf ,! ,me?od #ahf ,sugge/$ ,m5us #ahi ,sugge/ions = ,hot ,di%es = ,f\r ,weeks #ahi ,recipes ,suitable = ! ,rural ,s*ool ,lun* #aia ,useful ,bullet9s #bjj ,h\sehold ,sci5ce ,)\t ,s*ool ,equipm5t #bja ,fir/ ,me?od #bja ,second ,me?od #bjd ,! ,fireless ,cook] #bjh ,directions = ,fireless ,cook]--,no4 ,i #baj ,! ,outside ,conta9] #baj ,! ,insulat+ ,mat]ial #bab ,! ,inside ,conta9] #bad ,! ,kettle #bad ,extra ,s\rce ( ,heat #bae ,cov]+ ,pad #bae ,directions = ,fireless ,cook]--,no4 ,,ii #bag ,me?od ( ,mak+ #bag ,directions = ,fireless ,cook]--,no4 ,,iii #bag ,me?od ( ,mak+ #bah ,use ( ! ,fireless ,cook] 9 ! ,prep>ation ( ,lun*es #bah ,special ,grants = ,rural & ,village ,s*ools #bba ,,preface ,?is ,manual is issu$ = ! purpose ( enc\rag+ ! introduction & fur!r+ ! progress ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce 9 ! rural s*ools ( ?is ,prov9ce4 ,!re are #ijc urban & #e1fig rural s*ools1 & #de4hg ( ! s*ool population is 9 att5dance at ! latt] s*ools4 ,! value ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce z an educational & practical subject has be5 recogniz$1 to "s ext5t1 9 ! urban s*ools ( ! ,prov9ce b1 up to ! pres5t1 little attempt has be5 made to give ! subject a place among ! activities ( ! rural s*ools4 ,!re is a wide-spread impression t x is n possible 9 ,h\sehold ,sci5ce to give any in/ruction t is ( value )\t ! provision ( sep>ate rooms1 elaborate equipm5t1 & specially tra9$ tea*]s4 ,:]e ^! conditions exi/1 ( c\rse1 ! be/ "w c be accompli%$2 b1 ev5 :]e !y _c be realiz$1 mu* may be done t[>d giv+ def9ite1 useful in/ruction 9 ! c>d9al pr9ciples ( home-mak+1 :i* %\ld be le>n$ by e girl4 ,!re is c]ta9ly n a s+le rural s*ool :]e "s practical "w 9 sew+ & "s valuable lessons 9 ! c>e ( ! home may n be giv54 ,z = cook]y1 x is d\btful if !re is a s+le s*ool s small & s helpless t x is unable to use ! hot noon-day lun* z a me?od ( approa* to ?is bran* ( ! subject4 ,/ud5ts ( ! physical welf>e ( *ildr5 are rapidly com+ to ! conclusion t a w>m mid-day meal greatly increases ! effici5cy ( ! pupil & det]m9es to a l>ge ext5t ! results ( ! aft]noon's /udy4 ,!re are o!r b5efits to be d]iv$ f a s*ool lun* well prep>$ "u prop] conditions4 ,9 _m communities x has be5 ! means ( br++ ab\t a heal?y & satisfactory co-op]ation betwe5 ! s*ool & ! home1 ( develop+ a high] social life 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & ( introduc+ into ! s*ool a ,h\sehold ,sci5ce c\rse1 :i* has prov$ z great a b5efit to ! f>m]'s wife z to 8 *ildr54 ,?is ,manual deals entirely ) conditions t exi/ 9 our rural s*ools & outl9es only su* plans & s*emes z c be c>ri$ out1 ev5 9 adv]se circum/ances1 by al]t tru/ees1 sympa!tic inspectors1 & res\rceful tea*]s4 ,p]mission has be5 obta9$ f ! ,bureau ( ,education1 ,wa%+ton1 ,u4,s4,a41 to make use ( a rec5tly issu$ bullet9--,?ree ,c\rses 9 ,home-mak+ = ,rural ,s*ools1 & ( v>i\s bullet9s issu$ by ,/ate ,agricultural ,colleges4 ,! free/ use has be5 made ( ?is mat]ial1 & ! p]mission to d s is h]eby gratefully ackn[l$g$4 ,only su* !ory z c be readily assimilat$ has be5 giv52 & ! tea*] is advis$ = fur!r in=mation & help to consult ! ,manuals issu$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education on ,h\sehold ,managem5t & ,sew+4 ,^? :o wi% to become ?or\ghly compet5t & to e>n ! highe/ ,dep>tm5tal grants %\ld att5d ! ,summ] ,s*ools provid$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions ! exp5ses ( tea*]s att5d+ ^! c\rses are paid by ! ,dep>tm5t4 ,no?+ has be5 includ$ or recomm5d$ t _c be accompli%$ 9 ! av]age rural s*ool2 & tru/ees1 tea*]s1 & inspectors are urg$ to make a beg9n+ by select+ ! lessons t appeal to !m z be+ mo/ suitable to ! di/ricts 9 :i* _! s*ools are situat$4 ,by c>eful plann+ & a wise use ( ! "t be=e & aft] s*ool & dur+ recess1 ! regul> organization ( ! s*ool ne$ n be int]f]$ )2 &1 9 addition to ! educational & social advantages to be d]iv$ f und]tak+ ?is "w1 mu* b5efit w result f ! increas$ int]e/ tak5 9 ! s*ool by ! p>5ts & ! g5]al public4 ,x is n ess5tial t ! lessons 9 ?is ,manual %\ld be tak5 exactly 9 ! ord] giv54 ,any o!r arrangem5t call$ = by ! peculi> circum/ances ( ! s*ool is admissible4 ,! ,inspector ( ,manual ,tra9+ & ,h\sehold ,sci5ce is ready at all times to visit rural s*ools = ! purpose ( conf]r+ ) ! ,public ,s*ool ,inspectors1 ! tru/ees1 & ! tea*]s reg>d+ ! introduction ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce z a regul> subject ( ! s*ool curriculum4 ,,h\sehold ,,sci5ce ,,9 ,,rural ,,s*ools ,,?ree ,,%ort ,,c\rses ,,9 ,,home-,,mak+ ,,introduction ,! ?ree brief c\rses 9 home-mak+ outl9$ 9 ?is ,manual h be5 especially prep>$ = use 9 elem5t>y rural s*ools4 ,!y are 9 no s5se complete outl9es ( ! subjects ) :i* !y deal2 r1 !y indicate a few ( ! important phases ( food /udy1 sew+1 & ! c>e ( ! home ) :i* ! pupil 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool %\ld become famili>4 ,! und]ly+ ?\ght = ea* problem %\ld be3 ,w ?is help ! pupils to live m useful lives1 & w x lead to bett] conditions 9 _! homes8 ,! lessons are purposely made simple1 & ! plans are def9itely outl9$1 s t ev5 ! inexp]i5c$ tea*] may be able to a*ieve a c]ta9 measure ( success4 ,! exp]i5c$ tea*] w f9d 9 !m sugge/ions t may be ( value 9 ! fur!r developm5t ( ! c\rse4 ,! tea*] :o desires to use ?is c\rse w necess>ily h to adapt x to h] own community1 & x is hop$ t %e may be able to d ?is ) b little alt]ation4 ,:ile conditions ( liv+ & *oice ( foods diff] 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,prov9ce1 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( nutrition1 ! rules ( sanitation1 & ! me?ods ( cook+ & s]v+ are mu* ! same = all4 ,ow+ to ! difficulty ( secur+ "t on ! programme = frequ5t lessons 9 home-mak+1 ea* ( ! c\rses has be5 limit$ to tw5ty lessons4 ,"s tea*]s may n be able to h a great] numb] ( lessons dur+ ! s*ool ye>1 & !y may f9d x well to c>ry ! ?ree c\rses ?r\gh ?ree successive ye>s4 ,9 o!r s*ools1 :]e m frequ5t lessons c be giv51 x may be well to (f] all ?ree c\rses dur+ "o ye>4 ,! c\rses 9 cook+ & ! c>e ( ! home c be advantage\sly comb9$1 z _m ( ! problems 9 bo? are relat$4 ,! lessons 9 sew+ may be giv5 on ano!r day ( ! week1 or x may be well to give !m e>ly 9 ! ye>1 to be foll[$1 lat]1 by ! cook+ lessons4 ,?us an opportunity w be furni%$ = ! mak+ ( ! cook+ aprons & ! hemm+ ( ! t[els4 ,x is mo/ desirable t p]iods ( at lea/ =ty m9utes %\ld be provid$ = all ! practical lessons4 ,long] p]iods w be necess>y = "s ( !m1 su* z ! prep>ation & ! s]v+ ( a meal4 ,if no practical "w is und]tak5 9 ! lesson1 a =ty-m9ute p]iod is suffici5t4 ,,libr>y ,,on ,,home ,,economics ,,= ,,! ,,rural ,,s*ool ,9 addition to ! text-books recomm5d$ z s\rces ( special ref]5ce = ! rural tea*]1 ! foll[+ books1 be>+ on home economics or on me?ods ( tea*+1 are sugge/$ = ! rural s*ool libr>y4 ,^! books h be5 *os5 ) ! ?reefold purpose ( provid+ ref]5ces = ! tea*]s1 read+ matt] = ! pupils1 & a l5d+ libr>y = ! p>5ts4 ,laund]+4 ,bald]/on1 ,l4 ,ray4 ,pub4 by ! ,au?or4 ,philadelphia #a4be ,c\ntry ,life & ! ,c\ntry ,s*ool4 ,c>ney1 ,m4 ,r[1 ,pet]son ,co41 ,*icago #a4be ,h[ ! ,_w is ,f$4 ,c>p5t]1 ,f4 ,o4 ,am]ican ,book ,co41 ,new ,york 4#fj ,h[ ! ,_w is ,clo!d4 ,c>p5t]1 ,f4 ,o4 ,am]ican ,book ,co41 ,new ,york 4#fj ,h[ ! ,_w is ,h\s$4 ,c>p5t]1 ,f4 ,o4 ,am]ican ,book ,co41 ,new ,york 4#fj ,h[ ,we ,are ,clo!d4 ,*amb]la91 ,j4 ,f4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto 4#de ,h[ ,we ,are ,f$4 ,*amb]la91 ,j4 ,f4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto 4#de ,h[ ,we ,are ,%elt]$4 ,*amb]la91 ,j4 ,f4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto 4#de ,bact]ia1 ,yea/s1 & ,molds 9 ! ,home4 ,conn1 ,h4 ,w4 ,g9n ,co41 ,bo/on #a4jj ,! ,bo/on ,cook+-s*ool ,cook ,book4 ,f>m]1 ,f4 ,m4 ,little1 ,br[n ,co41 ,bo/on4 7,mc,clelland1 ,good*ild ,/ew>t1 ,toronto7 #a4hj ,! ,rural ,s*ool ,lun*4 ,f>nswor?1 ,n4 ,w4 ,webb ,pub4 ,co41 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9n4 4#be ,clo?+ & ,%elt]4 ,k9ne1 ,h41 & ,cooley1 ,a4 ,m4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto #a4aj ,foods & ,h\sehold ,managem5t4 ,k9ne1 ,h41 & ,cooley1 ,a4 ,m4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto #a4aj ,means & ,me?ods ( ,agricultural ,education4 ,leake1 ,a4 ,h4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co41 ,new ,york4 7,?os4 ,all51 ,toronto7 #b4jj ,rural ,hygi5e4 ,ogd51 ,h4 ,n4 ,saund]s1 ,philadelphia #a4ej ,heal? & ,cleanl9ess4 ,o',%ea1 ,m4 ,v41 & ,kellogg1 ,j4 ,h4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto 4#ef ,rural ,education4 ,pick>d1 ,a4 ,e4 ,webb ,pub4 ,co41 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9n4 #a4jj ,manual ( ,p]sonal ,hygi5e4 ,pyle1 ,w4 ,l4 ,saund]s1 ,philadelphia #a4ej ,fe$+ ! ,family4 ,rose1 ,m4 ,s4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto #b4aj ,food ,products4 ,%]man1 ,h4 ,c4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto #b4jj ,,tw5ty ,,lessons ,,9 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,home ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,! purpose ( ?is c\rse is to give ! pupils in/ruction 9 v>i\s h\sehold tasks1 9 ord] t bett] liv+ conditions may be secur$ 9 ! homes4 ,! beauty & sacr$ness ( an ideal home life %\ld receive emphasis1 s t ! pupils may be impress$ ) ! importance ( consci5ti\s "w 9 ! p]=mance ( _! daily h\sehold duties4 ,!y %\ld h "s insight into ! sanit>y1 economic1 & social problems t are involv$ 9 h\sekeep+1 s t !y may develop an increas$ appreciation ( ! importance ( ! home-mak]'s "w4 ,! two mo/ important ?+s to be taught are cleanl9ess & ord]4 ,too mu* emphasis _c be plac$ on ! value ( fre% air & sun%9e & ! necessity = ! free use ( hot wat] & soap4 ,! value ( prop]ty %\ld also be emphasiz$4 ,economy 9 ! pur*ase & h&l+ ( h\se furni%+s & equipm5t %\ld be consid]$4 ,in/ruction %\ld also be giv5 9 ! c>e ( foods & clo?+ & 9 ! c>e & arrangem5t ( furniture4 ,simple in/ruction 9 ! c>e ( babies %\ld be giv51 s9ce ! old] *ildr5 are (t5 responsible1 to "s ext5t1 = ! c>e ( ! y\ng] memb]s ( _! families4 ,9 "s ( ! lessons m subjects may be sugge/$ ?an ! tea*] w h "t to take up 9 a s+le p]iod4 ,9 t case x w be well = h] to *oose ! subject :i* seems mo/ vital to ! imm$iate ne$s ( ! community4 ,9 _m cases %e may be able to give an increas$ numb] ( lessons4 ,practice & drill 9 all ( ! processes involv$ 9 h\sewif]y are ess5tial to successful tra9+4 ,if a cupbo>d & a table h be5 arrang$ = ! use ( ! cook+ classes1 mo/ ( ! sugge/$ "w c be c>ri$ out ) ! s*ool equipm5t4 ,:]e !re is no equipm5t 9 ! s*ool & s*ool conditions d n approximate home conditions1 x may be possible to secure p]mission to give ! lesson aft] s*ool h\rs 9 ! home ( "o ( ! pupils :o lives ne>by4 ,9 ea* lesson ! tea*]1 :ile giv+ ! pupils helpful g5]al in=mation on ! subject "u discussion1 %\ld /rive to impress on !m ! importance ( do+ "s "o simple ?+ well4 ,! rural tea*] :o is eag] to make h] s*ool-room an attractive place may devote "s "t 9 ^! lessons to su* problems z ! hang+ & ! c>e ( simple curta9s1 ! c>e ( indoor plants1 ! arrangem5t ( pictures1 ! plann+ ( /orage arrangem5ts = supplies & ( cupbo>ds = di%es1 & ! prep>ations = ! s]v+ ( ! s*ool lun*4 ,9 ord] to tea* ^! lessons effectively1 x is desirable to h ! foll[+ simple equipm5t on h&4 ,additional special equipm5t may be borr[$ f ! homes4 ,,equipm5t ,broom1 #a ,clo?s = clean+1 #f ,di%-clo?s1 #b ,di%-t[els1 #ab ,du/-bru%1 #a ,du/-pan1 #a ,g>bage c 7cov]$71 #a ,lamp1 #a ,oil-c1 #a ,,ref]5ce ,,books ,rural ,hygi5e4 ,brew]1 ,i4 ,w4 ,lipp9cott ,co41 ,philadelphia #a4be ,! ,heal?ful ,f>mh\se4 ,dodd1 ,h4 ,:itcomb ,b>r[s1 ,bo/on 4#fj ,community ,hygi5e4 ,hut*9son1 ,woods4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co41 ,new ,york4 7,?os4 ,all51 ,toronto7 4#fe ,foods & ,sanitation4 ,=/]1 ,g4 ,h41 & ,weigley1 ,m4 ,r[1 ,pet]son 4 ,co41 ,*icago #a4jj ,! ,home & ! ,family4 ,k9ne1 ,h41 & ,cooley1 ,a4 ,m4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto 4#hj ,h\sekeep+ ,notes4 ,kittr$ge1 ,m4 ,h4 ,:itcomb ,b>r[s1 ,bo/on 4#hj ,practical ,home-mak+4 ,kittr$ge1 ,m4 ,h4 ,! ,c5tury ,co41 ,new ,york 4#gj ,a ,second ,c\rse 9 ,home-mak+4 ,kittr$ge1 ,m4 ,h4 ,! ,c5tury ,co41 ,new ,york 4#hj ,,lesson ,i3 ,,arrangem5t ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,kit*5 ,,subject-,,matt] ,9 arrang+ ! kit*51 ! ?ree ?+s ( mo/ importance are ! /ove1 ! s9k1 & ! kit*5 table4 ,if !re is no s9k 9 ! kit*51 !re w be "s o!r place arrang$ = wa%+ ! di%es1 probably ! kit*5 table1 & ?is mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation :5 ! furniture is plac$4 ,z mo/ ( ! "w is done at ! /ove & ! table1 bo? ^! mu/ be plac$ :]e !y w h a good light1 & !y %\ld be close to ea* o!r1 s t b few /eps are necess>y = ! work]4 ,9 furni%+ ! kit*51 ! h\sekeep] w f9d a high /ool v useful1 z x w enable h] to wa% di%es1 prep>e vegetables1 & d o!r "w :ile seat$4 ,all ! furniture %\ld be kept s clean & free f du/ t ! kit*5 w h a neat & attractive appe>ance4 ,a vase ( fl[]s or a pott$ plant1 & a wa%able table-cov] to be us$ aft] ! di%es h be5 put away1 w help to make ?is room a pleasant place = ! family4 ,special att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! v5tilation4 ,! kit*5 %\ld be ?or\ghly clean$ aft] ea* meal4 ,if x has become du/y or dis>rang$1 x %\ld be put 9 ord] be=e ! next meal is to be prep>$4 ,:ile ! cook+ is "u way1 ev]y?+ %\ld be kept 9 an ord]ly condition4 ,z soon z ! meal is complet$1 ! left-ov] food %\ld be cov]$ & put away2 ! scraps & wa/e mat]ial %\ld be ga!r$ & dispos$ (2 & ! di%es1 pots1 & pans %\ld be scrap$1 & wa%$ 9 hot1 soapy wat]1 !n r9s$ 9 cle>1 hot wat]1 dri$1 & put away4 ,! table %\ld be scrubb$1 ! /ove clean$1 ! floor swept & scrubb$ :5ev] necess>y1 & ev]y?+ put neatly 9 its place4 ,c>e ( ! coal or wood range4--,all spots %\ld be remov$ f ! range by wip+ x ) old pap]4 ,if x is 9 bad condition1 x %\ld be wa%$ ) soap & wat]4 ,if x is oil$ occasionally1 black+ w n be necess>y2 b if black+ is us$1 x %\ld be appli$ ) a clo? & rubb$ to a poli% ) a bru%1 j z ! fire is be+ />t$4 ,! a%es & soot flues back ( ! ov5 & und]nea? x %\ld be clean$ out once a week4 ,directions = build+ a fire4--,to build & c>e = a fire 9 ! coal or wood range1 close all ! damp]s1 clean ! grate1 & remove ! a%es f ! pan4 ,put on ! cov]s & bru% ! du/ (f ! /ove4 ,op5 ! creative damp] & ! ov5 damp]1 leav+ ! *eck damp] clos$4 ,lay "s pap]1 slightly crumpl$ into rolls1 across ! base ( ! grate4 ,place small pieces ( k9dl+ wood across "o ano!r1 ) ! l>ge pieces on top4 ,lay pieces ( h>dwood or a %ovelful ( coal on top ( ! k9dl+1 build+ s z to admit ( ! free circulation ( air4 ,if ! /ove is to be poli%$1 rub x ) black+4 ,light ! pap] f bel[4 ,:5 ! fire beg9s to burn briskly1 add coal or wood3 !n add m :5 t k9dles4 ,:5 ! fire is well />t$ & blue flame is no long] se5 7ab\t t5 m9utes71 close ! ov5 damp]4 ,close ! creative damp] :5 ! fire is suffici5tly hot4 ,bru% ! /ove & ! floor b5ea? x z soon z ! fire is />t$4 ,poli% ! /ove4 ,if ! fire becomes too hot1 op5 ! *eck damp]4 ,fill ! tea-kettle ) fre% wat] & set x on ! front ( ! range4 ,c>e ( ! s9k1 wa%-bas91 & g>bage pail4--,a neglect$ s9k or g>bage pail may be a fruitful s\rce ( disease1 9 addition to attract+ wat]-bugs & o!r pe/s4 ,scraps %\ld nev] be left 9 ! s9k4 ,aft] wa%+ ! di%es x %\ld be ?or\ghly clean$1 a bru% & sc\r+ mat]ial be+ us$4 ,! nickel "p may be wa%$ ) hot soap-suds1 wip$ dry1 & poli%$4 ,wat] %\ld nev] be left 9 ! wa%-bas94 ,bo? ! soap-di% & ! wa%-bas9 %\ld be sc\r$ daily4 ,! g>bage pail %\ld be empti$ & wa%$ e day1 & c>efully scald$ once or twice a week4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x w be well to h ?is lesson succe$ or foll[ a cook+ lesson1 = !n ! pupils w h a ke5] int]e/ 9 ! problems ( ! kit*54 7,see ,tw5ty ,lessons 9 ,cook+1 ,lesson ,i47 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,cleanl9ess & ord] are ! two po9ts to be consid]$ 9 ?is lesson4 ,! do+ well ( ea* simple h\sehold task & ! ?\ghtful arrangem5t & plann+ ( all p>ts ( ! h\se %\ld be emphasiz$ z be+ ( great importance to ! h\sekeep]'s success4 ,beg9 ! lesson ) a discussion ( ! purpose ( ! kit*52 !n discuss its arrangem5t f ! /&po9t ( conv5i5ce = ! "w t mu/ be done !re4 ,emphasize ! importance ( hav+ ! furniture s arrang$ t ! "w may be done quickly & easily1 & t ! kit*5 may be giv5 a com=table & attractive appe>ance4 ,let ! pupils arrange ! furniture 9 ! s*ool-room4 ,discuss & demon/rate ! c>e ( ! /ove by ! use ( ! s*ool /ove4 ,assign ea* pupil a "t :5 %e is to look aft] ! /ove on succe$+ days & grade h] on h] "w4 ,let ea* pupil br+ a report f home z to :at %e is do+ to help 9 ! c>e ( ! home kit*54 ,make a specific assignm5t = home "w4 ,que/ions ,us$ to ,develop ! ,lesson ,:at is ! purpose ( ! kit*58 ,:at are ! pr9cipal articles ( furniture 9 ! kit*58 ,h[ %\ld we arrange ^! ?+s8 ,c we make any g5]al rules z to arrangem5ts8 ,:y is x difficult to keep ! kit*5 clean8 ,at :at times is ! kit*5 mo/ apt to become dis>rang$8 ,:y is x important to keep ! kit*5 9 good ord]8 ,9 :at ord] %\ld ! kit*5 be at ! "t we beg9 ! prep>ation ( ! meal8 ,h[ %\ld ! floor be clean$8 ,! ut5sils8 ,:at %\ld we d ) any left-ov] food8 ,h[ %\ld we take c>e ( ! /ove aft] ! meal8 ,,lesson ,,ii3 ,,c>e ,,( ,,cupbo>ds ,,& ,,ut5sils ,,subject-,,matt] ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t cupbo>ds & o!r places :]e food is /or$ %\ld be kept free f dirt & scraps ( food4 ,ants1 cockroa*es1 mice1 & o!r pe/s infe/ dirty places :]e food is kept1 & r5d] a h\se unfit = human habitation4 ,x requires con/ant c>e & wat*fulness on ! "p ( ! h\sewife to keep ! cupbo>ds clean4 ,%e mu/ look ov] ! %elves daily1 wip+ !m (f :5ev] !y ne$ x1 & giv+ !m a ?or\gh clean+ at lea/ once a week4 ,! h\sekeep] %\ld "k h[ to c>e = ! v>i\s ut5sils us$ & und]/& ! simple/ & be/ me?ods ( keep+ !m clean4 ,ut5sils %\ld nev] be put 9 ! cupbo>ds until p]fectly clean & dry4 ,p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to ! c>e ( milk vessels4 ,pans1 pails1 pit*]s1 or bottles 9 :i* milk has be5 kept1 %\ld be r9s$ 9 cold wat]1 wa%$ 9 /rong1 clean soap-suds1 r9s$ 9 clean1 boil+ wat]1 & dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,if ut5sils h become discol\r$ or badly coat$1 !y %\ld be specially sc\r$4 ,if some?+ has be5 burn$ 9 a kettle1 ! kettle %\ld be clean$ by fill+ ) cold wat]1 add+ wa%+-soda1 & boil+ briskly = half an h\r2 aft] t a slight scrap+ ought to remove ! burn$ portion4 ,if ! kettle is n yet clean1 ! process %\ld be repeat$4 ,if a kettle has be5 us$ directly ov] a wood fire & becomes black5$ ) soot1 x %\ld be rubb$ (f ) a newspap] & !n ) an old clo?4 ,kettles %\ld be dri$ well be=e be+ put away4 ,) prop] c>e !y seldom become ru/y4 ,if an iron kettle has ru/$1 x %\ld be rubb$ ) k]os5e & a%es1 !n wa%$ 9 /rong1 hot1 soda-wat]1 r9s$ 9 cle> hot wat]1 & dri$ on ! /ove4 ,if a kettle is v ru/y1 x %\ld be cov]$ ?or\ghly ) "s sort ( grease1 spr9kl$ ) lime1 & left ov]night4 ,9 ! morn+ x %\ld be wa%$ out ) hot soda-wat] & r9s$ 9 cle>1 hot wat]4 ,a new kettle is g5]ally ru/y1 & %\ld be greas$ ?or\ghly inside & out & all[$ to /& = two days2 !n wa%$ 9 hot soda-wat]4 ,ba?-brick %\ld be us$ = sc\r+ iron ut5sils & /eel knives & =ks4 ,if iron pots & fry+-pans are scrubb$ ) a piece ( ba?-brick ea* "t !y are us$ & !n wa%$ 9 hot soap-suds1 !y c be kept 9 good condition4 ,t9w>e & /eel knives & =ks may be clean$ by sc\r+ ) a%es1 b only f9e a%es %\ld be us$ on t9w>e4 ,! br[n /a9s on granite ut5sils %\ld be sc\r$ (f2 & ?is w>e %\ld be c>efully h&l$1 9 ord] to avoid *ipp+4 ,c(fee-pots & tea-pots %\ld be clean$ daily1 ! gr\nds remov$1 & ! int]ior ( ! pots wa%$ out ?or\ghly4 ,! tea-kettle %\ld be wa%$ & dri$ ov]night & left uncov]$ to air4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,if s*ool lun*es are s]v$ or cook+ lessons are giv5 at ! s*ool1 x w be well to use ?is lesson to get ! cupbo>ds 9 read9ess4 ,if x is impossible to d ?is at s*ool1 arrange to h su* a lesson 9 "o ( ! homes outside ( s*ool h\rs4 ,be sure t ! h\sekeep] is 9 sympa?y ) ! "w & is will+ to co-op]ate4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,assign ea* pupil a task 9 ! clean+1 ! sc\r+ ( ! di%es1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! cupbo>d4 ,set a def9ite am\nt to be done & c>ry out ! plans1 leav+ a clean & neatly arrang$ cupbo>d at ! end ( ! lesson4 ,,lesson ,,iii3 ,,c>e ,,( ,,foods ,,subject-,,matt] ,sev]al important po9ts mu/ be borne 9 m9d if foods are to be kept 9 a good condition4 ,mo/ foods *ange easily4 ,vegetables & fruits lose wat]1 wilt1 & become unfit to eat4 ,fl\r & corn-meal become m\ldy4 ,potatoes decay & spr\t4 ,"s foods1 su* z milk1 turn s\r4 ,eggs become ta9t$1 & fat gr[s rancid4 ,) prop] c>e 9 h&l+1 /or+1 & keep+1 ?is spoil+ c be prev5t$4 ,! spoil+ ( foods is due to ! pres5ce ( micro-organisms2 & if foods are fre% & s\nd & kept cool & clean 9 e way1 !y w n spoil readily1 because su* conditions are unfav\rable to ! developm5t ( ! micro-organisms4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if foods are r\ghly h&l$ & bruis$1 decomposition w take place readily1 = micro-organisms develop 9 ! bruis$ portions4 ,c>e mu/1 !re=e1 be tak5 to select foods wisely1 h&le !m c>efully1 wa% !m if !y are n already clean1 put !m 9 clean receptacles1 & keep !m 9 a clean1 cool place4 ,all pots1 pans1 & di%es 9 :i* foods are kept or cook$ %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$ & r9s$ well1 s t no fragm5ts /ick to !m :i* may decay & cause possible infection to ! next food t is put 94 ,e "p ( ! kit*5 & /ore-rooms %\ld be kept clean1 dry1 & well air$4 ,light is ! be/ g]micide & purifi] kn[n4 ,cov]$ receptacles %\ld be secur$ = all foods4 ,^? t are m\se-pro( & insect-pro( are ess5tial to a well-kept pantry4 ,all bottles & cans %\ld be neatly labell$ & s arrang$ t ea* "o c be conv5i5tly rea*$4 ,! outside ( ! bottle or case %\ld always be wip$ (f aft] x has be5 op5$ & food has be5 remov$ f x4 ,! %elves on :i* ! cases are kept %\ld be wip$ (f e day4 ,if supplies ( fruit or vegetables are kept on h&1 !y %\ld be look$ ov] frequ5tly1 & :atev] %[s ev5 ! slighte/ sugge/ion ( spoil+ %\ld be remov$4 ,bread %\ld be kept 9 a cov]$ t9 box1 & ! box %\ld be wa%$ out once or twice a week & frequ5tly scald$ & air$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,if cook+ lessons are to be giv51 x w be well to take ?is lesson on ! c>e ( foods 9 connection ) ! fir/ cook+ lesson1 & to make x a means ( arrang+ = ! mat]ials t are to be kept on h& & ( det]m9+ h[ ev]y?+ is to be h&l$4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,devote a l>ge "p ( ! lesson to a discussion ( ! necessity = c>e 9 ! h&l+1 /or+1 & keep+ ( foods4 ,if facilities p]mit1 devote a few m9utes to ! putt+ away ( foods t are to be us$ 9 ! next cook+ lesson or 9 ! s*ool lun*1 discuss+ ! reasons = su* c>e4 ,,lesson ,,iv3 ,,disposal ,,( ,,wa/e ,,subject-,,matt] ,if ! daily disposal ( wa/e is att5d$ to1 !re w be no undesirable accumulation ( g>bage4 ,scraps ( food t _c be utiliz$ = ! table %\ld be f$ to ! pigs or ! *ick5s & %\ld n be all[$ to /& & ga!r flies4 ,a cov]$ pail or pan %\ld be us$ = hold+ ! g>bage1 until f9al disposal is made ( x4 ,^? portions t are badly spoil$ & w be ( no value 9 fe$+ ! /ock %\ld be burn$ at once4 ,wa/e vegetable sub/ances1 if suitable1 %\ld be f$ to ! /ock1 & if n1 %\ld be buri$ 9 a ?9 lay] on ! gr\nd at "s di/ance f ! h\se1 s t !y may enri* ! soil4 ,old pap]s t are badly soil$ %\ld be burn$1 b all o!rs %\ld be kept = use 9 clean+ ! /ove1 />t+ ! fires1 etc4 ,empty cans %\ld be well wa%$ & buri$1 s t !y w n prove a bre$+-place = flies4 ,x is well to pi]ce !m ?r\gh ! bottom imm$iately aft] op5+ !m1 s t !y w n hold wat]4 ,di%-wat] %\ld be empti$ at "s di/ance f ! h\se1 unless !re is a dra9 ne>by4 ,all receptacles t hold wat] %\ld be c>efully empti$1 & all depressions 9 ! soil %\ld be fill$1 9 ord] to prev5t mosquitoes f bre$+4 ,all wa/e wat] %\ld be us$ on ! g>d54 ,protection ( ! wat] supply4--,only ! wat] f deep wells %\ld be us$ = dr9k+ purposes1 because all surface wat] & wat] 9 %all[ wells becomes dang]\s ?r\gh seepage f compo/1 pig-p5s1 privies1 & o!r places :]e decay$ organic matt] may accumulate4 ,9 ord] t ! wat] may be kept clean1 ! well mu/ be suppli$ ) a tight-fitt+ top :i* ne$ n be op5$ & a metal pump to br+ up ! wat]4 ,a well plat=m t all[s ! wat] spill$ on x to run back into ! well is unsafe1 = any fil? c>ri$ on ! plat=m 9 any way w be wa%$ directly into x4 ,rats1 mice1 & o!r animals get into ! well if ! top is n tight1 & ^!1 9 addition to be+ unpleasant1 are liable to introduce disease g]ms4 ,simple dis9fectants4--,sun%9e & fre% air are nature's dis9fectants & %\ld be freely admitt$ to e "p ( ! h\se4 ,w9d[s %\ld be left op5 :5ev] possible4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! sleep+ rooms %\ld always be op5$ at night4 ,! int]ior ( ! h\se %\ld be kept p]fectly dry4 ,decay does n easily take place 9 dry places4 ,a damp cell> %\ld be dra9$1 & ! gr\nds ar\nd ! h\se %\ld n be all[$ to dra9 into ! cell>4 ,co>se coal a%es %\ld be us$ to fill 9 ar\nd ! h\se1 on ! walks1 etc41 to help 9 secur+ ?or\gh dra9age4 ,wood a%es may be us$ z a simple dis9fectant to cov] decay$ organic matt]4 ,:itewa% is a good dis9fectant & %\ld be frequ5tly us$ bo? inside & outside ! h\se & on all out-build+s4 ,k]os5e & creosote also make good dis9fectants4 ,c>e ( out-(-door closets4--,! privy %\ld be s arrang$ t x may be clean$ (t5 & all excreta dispos$ ( 9 a safe way4 ,! build+ %\ld be s well con/ruct$ t !re w be no cracks = ! admission ( flies4 ,9 a poorly con/ruct$ build+1 old pap] c be pa/$ ov] ! cracks1 to make ! /ructure fly-pro(4 ,dry e>?1 /reet du/1 or lime %\ld be frequ5tly spr9kl$ ov] ! excreta1 & ! seat %\ld be clos$1 to prev5t ! entrance ( flies or mosquitoes4 ,! seat %\ld be wa%$ frequ5tly1 & bo? ! seat & ! floor scrubb$ at lea/ once a week4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x w be well to tea* ?is lesson at a "t :5 improvem5ts are necess>y 9 ! c>e ( ! s*ool-h\se4 ,! discussions 9 reg>d to out-(-door closets w1 ( c\rse1 be tak5 :5 ! girls are alone ) ! tea*]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss ! disposal ( wa/e1 ! c>e ( g>bage1 etc41 9 ! home & ! s*ool4 ,talk ov] ! c>e ( wa/e f ! s*ool lun* & discuss me?ods ( keep+ ! s*ool 9 a sanit>y condition4 ,foll[ ?is by a g5]al clean+ ( ! s*ool-h\se4 ,,lesson ,v3 ,,mak+ ,,soap ,,subject-,,matt] ,home-,made ,h>d ,soap #f lb4 fat #a c lye #a pt4 cold wat] #a tbsp4 borax ,melt ! fat sl[ly4 ,mix ! lye & wat] 9 a b[l or kettle 7d n use a t9 pan71 /irr+ ) a /ick until ! pota% dissolves4 ,add ! borax & all[ ! mixture to cool4 ,cool ! fat &1 :5 x is lukew>m1 add ! lye1 p\r+ x 9 a ?9 /ream & /irr+ con/antly4 ,/ir ) a smoo? /ick until ab\t z ?ick z honey1 & cont9ue /irr+ = t5 m9utes4 ,p\r ! mixture into a box & all[ x to h>d54 ,cut into pieces ! desir$ size & leave 9 a cool1 dry place = t5 days1 to rip5 be=e us+4 ,:5 mak+ ! soap1 be c>eful n to spill pota% or lye on ! h&s1 z x makes a bad burn4 ,if ! h&s are burn$1 rub !m ) grease at once4 ,d n wet !m4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,"s "t be=e ?is lesson is giv5 ask ! pupils to br+ scraps ( fat f home4 ,see t ^! are 9 good condition1 & weigh !m1 to det]m9e ! portion ( ! recipe t c be made4 ,ask "o ( ! pupils to br+ suffici5t borax = ! recipe4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,let ! pupils look ! fat ov] & put x on to melt1 wat*+ x c>efully4 ,:ile x is heat+ & cool+1 discuss ! process ( soap-mak+1 ! co/ ( mat]ials1 ! c>e necess>y 9 ! mak+ ( soap1 & ! importance ( its use4 ,get ready ! o!r mat]ials1 & a box = m\ld+ ! soap1 & let ! pupils "w toge!r4 ,aft] ! soap has h>d5$ & be5 cut1 h x put away on a %elf to dry4 ,,lesson ,,vi3 ,,sett+ ,,& ,,cle>+ ,,! ,,table ,,subject-,,matt] ,! foll[+ po9ts mu/ be rememb]$ :5 a meal is to be s]v$3 ,! d9+-room mu/ be clean1 well air$1 suffici5tly light$1 & 9 good ord]4 ,! table mu/ be p]fectly clean & cov]$ ) a clean :ite cov] 7table-clo?1 doilies1 pap] napk9s1 or oil-clo?74 ,a vase ( fl[]s or leaves or a small pott$ plant1 9 ! c5tre ( ! table1 w help to make x attractive4 ,! table %\ld be prep>$ ) ev]y?+ necess>y = s]v+ ! meal1 b only ^? foods %\ld be plac$ on x t w n be spoil$ by /&+4 ,if !re is dang] ( ! food attract+ flies1 cov] x c>efully4 ,plates = ev]yone :o is to p>take ( ! meal %\ld be arrang$ at equal di/ances f "o ano!r1 & half an in* f ! edge ( ! table4 ,! knife %\ld be plac$ at ! "r ( ! plate ) ! cutt+ edge t[>d ! plate1 & "o in* f ! edge ( ! table4 ,! =k %\ld be plac$ at ! left ( ! plate ) ! t9es turn$ up1 & "o in* f ! edge ( ! table4 ,! spoon %\ld be plac$1 b[l upw>d1 at ! "r ( ! plate1 to ! "r ( ! knife4 ,x %\ld be plac$ "o in* f ! edge ( ! table4 ,spoons & =ks = s]v+ %\ld be plac$ at ! "r & left ( ! di% to be s]v$1 or 9 ano!r conv5i5t position4 ,no "o %\ld h to use ! p]sonal =k or spoon = s]v+4 ,! napk9s %\ld be fold$ simply & plac$ at ! left ( ! =k4 ,! tumbl] %\ld be plac$ at ! upp] end ( ! knife4 ,! cups & sauc]s %\ld be plac$ at ! "r ( ! plate ) ! h&le ( ! cup t[>d ! "r4 ,! bread-&-butt] plate1 if us$1 %\ld be plac$ at ! upp] left h& ( ! =k4 ,! salt-cell>s & pepp]-%ak]s %\ld be plac$ ne> ! c5tre ( ! table or at ! sides1 :]e !y c be conv5i5tly rea*$4 ,individual salt-cell>s1 if us$1 %\ld be plac$ imm$iately 9 front ( ! individual plate4 ,! *airs %\ld be plac$ at ! table aft] x is set4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to put !m s close to x t x w be necess>y to move !m aft] !y are occupi$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,if possible1 arrange to give ?is lesson be=e ,lesson ,,viii 9 ! s]ies ( ,tw5ty ,lessons 9 ,cook+ is giv52 !n ! emphasis 9 t lesson may be put ^u ! food to be s]v$1 prop] comb9ations1 etc41 :ile ?is lesson gives ! drill 9 ! arrangem5t & h&l+ ( ! di%es4 ,x is desirable to give ! pupils a ?or\gh drill 9 table sett+ & table s]vice1 s9ce mu* ( ! pleasure d]iv$ f eat+ dep5ds ^u ! att5tion paid to ^! processes4 ,be c>eful to see t ev]y?+ necess>y is on h& to set ! table simply b da9tily4 ,= class practice a small table may be set = f\r4 ,?is w necessitate a table-cov]1 f\r or m d9n] plates1 f\r bread-&-butt] plates1 f\r tumbl]s1 f\r cups & sauc]s1 f\r knives1 f\r =ks1 f\r teaspoons1 f\r napk9s1 a salt-cell>1 a pepp]-%ak]1 a platt]1 "o s]v+ spoon1 & "o s]v+ =k4 ,if ^! ?+s are n already 9 ! s*ool1 probably !y c be br\ght f home by ! pupils4 ,if l95 clo?s are n us$ & _c be af=d$ on ! tables 9 ! homes1 ! pupils %\ld be taught to use a :ite oil-clo?4 ,h a diagram made on ! black-bo>d by "o ( ! pupils ( ! arrangem5t ( an individual place at ! table4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,arrangem5t ( an individual place at table #a4 ,knife #b4 ,spoon #c4 ,tumbl] #d4 ,=k #e4 ,napk9 #f4 ,bread-&-butt] plate #g4 ,d9n] plate ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! process ( table sett+ %\ld be demon/rat$ ) ! mat]ials at h&1 & ! "w %\ld be adapt$ to home conditions4 ,if !re is no available table 9 ! s*ool-room1 ! desk tops may be us$ = individual places4 ,reasons = ! arrangem5t ( ! table %\ld be giv5--! conv5i5ce ( plac+ ! knives & ! spoons to ! "r1 ! =ks to ! left1 ! cup & sauc] & ! tumbl] to ! "r1 ! use ( ! napk91 etc4 ,,lesson ,,vii3 ,,wait+ ,,on ,,table ,,subject ,,matt] ,! "o :o is to wait on table mu/ be c>eful to see t ev]y?+ is 9 read9ess be=e ! meal is ann\nc$1 s t %e c d h] "w easily1 )\t subject+ ^? at ! table to unnecess>y delay4 ,%e %\ld h wat]1 bread1 & butt] 7if us$71 hot di%es ready = ! hot foods1 & dess]t di%es conv5i5tly at h&4 ,%e mu/ see t h] h&s are p]fectly clean & h] hair & dress 9 ord]4 ,a clean1 neat apron w always improve h] appe>ance4 ,! room %\ld be clean & neatly arrang$4 ,if ! meal is to be a family "o & all are to sit at ! table toge!r1 plates w be pass$ f "o to ano!r z !y are s]v$3 b x w /ill be well to h "o p]son appo9t$ to wait on ! table4 ,%e %\ld be ready to supply m bread1 wat]1 etc41 :5 x is necess>y1 & to *ange ! plates = ! dess]t c\rse4 ,%e %\ld rise f ! table quickly & quietly1 9 ord] n to di/urb o!rs1 & %\ld take h] place aga9 z soon z ! necess>y s]vice has be5 r5d]$4 ,! foll[+ rules %\ld be obs]v$3 ,hold ! tumbl]s ne> ! bottom1 be+ c>eful n to t\* ! upp] edge4 ,fill only ?ree-qu>t]s full4 ,put ! butt] on ! table j be=e ! meal is ann\nc$1 & s]ve 9 neat1 compact pieces4 ,cut ! bread 9 ev5 slices1 pile !m neatly on a s]v+ plate1 & place x on ! table1 cov]+ x ) a clean napk9 or t[el1 if !re are flies ab\t or !re is dang] ( du/4 ,if pref]r$1 ! bread may be cut at ! table z requir$4 ,place ! dess]t di%es at "o end ( ! table or1 bett] /ill1 on a side table1 until x is "t to use !m4 ,:5 c>ry+ ! di%es to & f ! table1 be c>eful n to let ! f+]s come 9 contact ) ! food4 ,le>n to place ! h& "u ! di%4 ,9 p>ticul> s]vice a napk9 is us$ betwe5 ! h& & ! di%1 or a tray1 if ! di% is a small "o4 ,! tray %\ld be cov]$ ) a napk9 or doily4 ,:5 a di% is be+ pass$1 hold x at ! left ( ! p]son to be s]v$ & at a conv5i5t height & di/ance4 ,be sure t ea* di% is suppli$ ) a spoon or a =k = s]v+1 & turn ! h&le ( ! spoon or ! =k t[>d ! "o to be s]v$4 ,if a plate is to be plac$ 9 front ( a p]son1 set x d[n f ! "r4 ,nev] rea* 9 front ( o!rs at ! table4 ,:5 a c\rse is f9i%$1 remove ! di%es conta9+ ! food fir/2 !n ! soil$ plates1 knives1 & =ks4 ,be c>eful to h&le only a few di%es at a "t & n to pile !m4 ,if ano!r c\rse is to be s]v$1 remove ! crumbs f ! table1 us+ = ! purpose a napk9 & plate1 or a crumb tray & bru%1 & bru%+ ! crumbs lightly into ! plate4 ,fill ! tumbl]s1 & arrange ! di%es & =ks or spoons quickly = ! next c\rse4 ,:5 ! meal is ov]1 ! *airs %\ld be mov$ back f ! table1 ! di%es neatly pil$ & c>ri$ to ! kit*5 s9k1 ! table wip$1 ! crumbs bru%$ f ! floor1 & ! room air$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,let ?is lesson be a cont9uation ( ! previ\s "o1 plac+ emphasis on ! me?od ( wait+ on table4 ,! same articles w be requir$ z 7 us$ 9 ! la/ lesson4 ,9 addition to ^! ! pupils mu/ be c>eful to h clean aprons = ?is lesson4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,h ! table set1 z a review ( ! "w ( ! la/ lesson2 !n h f\r or six ( ! pupils seat !mselves & g ?r\gh ! =ms ( s]v+ "o ano!r to any simple meal ^u :i* ! class may decide4 ,family meal s]vice %\ld be expla9$ & demon/rat$ fir/2 !n s]vice :]e !re is "o waitress4 ,h ! pupils1 9 turn1 act z waitresses & s]ve all ! o!rs1 (f]+ & plac+ ! food1 remov+ ! soil$ di%es1 fill+ ! tumbl]s1 etc4 ,,lessons ,,viii ,,& ,,ix3 ,,g5]al ,,clean+ ,,( ,a ,,room ,,subject-,,matt] ,rooms :i* are 9 con/ant use %\ld be swept & du/$ e day4 ,a ?or\gh clean+ ( ea* room 9 ! h\se w be necess>y e week or two1 ev5 ?\gh ! room is swept & kept 9 ord] daily4 ,fir/1 all cupbo>ds1 draw]s1 & o!r receptacles 9 :i* articles collect %\ld be clean$2 !n all l>ge movable articles %\ld be du/$ & mov$ out ( ! room2 ^? t are n readily movable %\ld be du/$ & cov]$4 ,! floor %\ld be swept ) ! w9d[s op52 ! ceil+ & walls %\ld be bru%$ ) a cov]$ broom1 & ! du/ all[$ to settle4 ,! floor %\ld !n be wip$ ) a damp clo? on ! broom4,a ,! woodwork %\ld be clean$ ) a damp clo? & a soap t is n too /rong4 ,soda or sapolio %\ld n be us$4 ,! furniture %\ld be c>efully uncov]$1 & ev]y?+ arrang$ 9 p]fect ord]4 ,a ,if ! floor is ( unf9i%$-wood1 x w require a ?or\gh scrubb+4 ,aft] sweep+ ! floor & all[+ ! du/ to settle1 a small portion at a "t %\ld be scrubb$ ) a floor-bru% & soap4 ,:5 scrubb+1 ! gra9 ( ! wood %\ld be foll[$4 ,! scrubb+-wat] %\ld be *ang$ frequ5tly4 ,= r9s+ & dry+ ! floor1 a clo? %\ld be wrung out ( cle> wat]4 ,! ?+s t are highe/ %\ld be du/$ fir/1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 to collect all ! du/ 9 ! du/-clo?4 ,aft] collect+ ! du/1 ! clo? %\ld be %ak5 out-(-doors1 wa%$ ?or\ghly1 & boil$4 ,! du/-clo? %\ld be damp5$ be=e us+ on all surfaces except ! poli%$ furniture & w9d[s4 ,sweep+ %\ld be done ) %ort /rokes & ! broom %\ld be kept close to ! floor1 s t ! du/ w n be scatt]$4 ,! corn]s ( ! room %\ld be swept fir/1 ! du/ ga!r$ 9 ! c5tre1 & !n swept into ! du/-pan4 ,! du/ %\ld be burn$1 = x may conta9 disease g]ms4 ,loose hairs & fluff %\ld be remov$ f ! broom aft] us+1 & x %\ld also be wa%$ p]iodically4 ,small rugs %\ld be clean$ out-(-doors4 ,!y %\ld be swept1 beat51 & re-swept1 !n roll$ until ready to be put on ! floor4 ,if ! rug is a l>ge "o & _c be remov$1 x %\ld be wip$ ov] ) a damp clo?1 roll$1 & ! "u side ( ! rug & ! floor b5ea? x %\ld be wip$4 ,aft] ! room has be5 clean$1 ! w9d[s %\ld be arrang$ s t a supply ( fre%1 clean air c come con/antly into x4 ,?is is ess5tial to e room 9 ! h\se1 if p]fect heal? is to be ma9ta9$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x w be well to h ,lesson ,,ix giv5 9 "o ( ! homes "s day aft] s*ool h\rs1 if possible4 ,if t _c be arrang$1 ! s*ool-room may be utiliz$ z ! place = practice4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,devote ,lesson ,,viii to a discussion ( ! me?ods ( clean+ & to v>i\s %ort tasks 9 connection ) ! s*ool-room4 ,9 ,lesson ,,ix h ! pupils g ?r\gh ! entire process ( clean+ a room4 ,assign "s portion ( ! task to ea* "o ( !m1 s t all may take "p 9 ! "w4 ,sup]vise ! "w c>efully1 assign home practice1 & h ea* pupil clean a room at home once a week = a mon?4 ,,lesson ,x3 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,b$-,,room ,,subject-,,matt] ,z soon z "o is dress$ 9 ! morn+1 ! w9d[s 9 ! b$-room %\ld be op5$ wide to air ! room ?or\ghly1 & ! b$-clo!s %\ld be remov$ & put on *airs be=e ! w9d[ to air4 ,! night clo?+ %\ld also be air$4 ,! slops %\ld be empti$1 & ! *amb] %\ld be wa%$ ) cold wat]1 us+ a special clo?4 ,! bas9 %\ld be wa%$ 9 w>m1 soapy wat]1 :i* %\ld !n be p\r$ into ! *amb] & us$ = wa%+ x4 ,! toilet articles %\ld be wa%$1 !n ! bas9 r9s$ & wip$ dry4 ,! slop j> %\ld be wa%$ out ?or\ghly1 & bo? ! slop j> & ! *amb] %\ld be clean$ frequ5tly ) *loride ( lime or "s o!r dis9fectant4 ,! pit*] %\ld be fill$ ) fre% wat]1 & all ! articles arrang$ neatly on ! wa%-/&4 ,if ! t[els are soil$1 clean ones %\ld be suppli$4 ,! mattress %\ld be turn$ & ! b$ made c>efully2 ! l[] %eet be+ tuck$ "u ! mattress all ar\nd1 & ! o!r cov]s tuck$ 9 at ! bottom & sides ( ! b$4 ,! b$ %\ld be kept free f wr9kles & smoo? 9 appe>ance1 & ! pill[s %\ld be well %ak5 & arrang$ at ! head ( ! b$4 ,! floor %\ld be swept1 ! furniture du/$1 & ev]y?+ put 9 place4 ,! w9d[s %\ld be left p>tly op5$1 s t ! b$-room may be well air$4 ,fre% air is always necess>y1 b especially dur+ sleep1 :5 ! body is repair+ itself1 & x is important t ! room %\ld be well air$ dur+ ! day & ! w9d[s left op5 at night4 ,:5 ! room is to be ?or\ghly clean$1 ! frame ( ! b$ %\ld be du/$1 ! mattress turn$1 & ! b$ %\ld be made4 ,! w9d[ %ades %\ld be du/$ & roll$ up4 ,! curta9s %\ld be well %ak5 & cov]$1 if "o has a du/ %eet4 ,all ! small articles on ! bureau1 table1 & %elf %\ld be plac$ on ! b$1 & ! :ole cov]$ ) a %eet4 ,! tables1 *airs1 & any o!r movable furniture %\ld be du/$ & plac$ outside ! room or cov]$4 ,! rugs %\ld be roll$ & clean$ out-(-doors4 ,! room %\ld be swept & du/$4 ,z soon z ! du/ has settl$1 ! cov]s %\ld be remov$1 & ! furniture1 rugs1 & all ! small articles %\ld be re/or$ to _! places4 ,! %ades %\ld be adju/$1 & ! room left 9 p]fect ord]4 ,! broom & ev]y?+ else t has be5 us$ 9 ! "w %\ld be clean$ & put back into _! places4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x may be possible = ! tea*] to give ?is lesson 9 h] own b$-room or 9 ! b$-room ( "o ( ! neighb\rs4 ,if ?is is n feasible1 ! only way to make x effective is to h ! pupils report ea* day on ! "w !y d at home4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,illu/rate ea* process & give ! reasons = ev]y?+ t is done4 ,emphasize ! importance ( ! sanit>y c>e ( ! b$-room1 a regul> "t = do+ ! "w1 & ! b5efit ( hav+ ea* memb] ( ! family c>e = h] own p]sonal belong+s & h] own portion ( ! b$-room4 ,,lesson ,,xi3 ,,c>e ,,( ,,lamps ,x is assum$ t ! tea*] is acqua9t$ ) ! possibilities ( electricity & o!r me?ods ( bett] light+ 9 c\ntry homes1 & w in/ruct h] pupils 9 ! economic use ( mod]n light+ facilities4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,directions = clean+ & fill+ lamps4--,a bright light comes f clean burn]s t all[ a good draught4 ,?is means con/ant c>e on ! "p ( ! "o :o looks aft] ! lamps4 ,9 ! daily clean+1 fir/ du/ ! *imney %ade & ! body ( ! lamp4 ,wa% ! *imney4 ,if sooty1 clean ) a newspap] be=e wa%+4 ,next1 turn ! wick high en\gh to %[ all ! *>r$ "p2 cut ?is (f1 mak+ x p]fectly ev51 !n rub ) a piece ( s(t pap]4 ,wipe ! burn] & any o!r "p ( ! lamp t may be oily4 ,dry ) ano!r clo?4 ,fill ! body ( ! lamp ) oil to )9 an in* ( ! top1 leav+ pl5ty ( room = ! gas t may be g5]at$ f ! k]os5e1 z ?is gas1 9 a lamp t has be5 us$ _m times )\t refill+1 may be a s\rce ( dang]4 ,:5 light+ ! lamp1 turn ! wick d[n1 all[+ ! *imney to become heat$ gradually4 ,if x is necess>y to move ! light$ lamp1 turn ! wick l[4 ,! fl>+ up ( ! flame smokes ! *imney4 ,d n leave a light$ lamp 9 a room :]e !re is no "o to wat* x4 ,:5 putt+ out ! light1 bl[ across ! *imney1 nev] d[n into x1 z ?is might s5d ! flame d[n into ! k]os5e4 ,ab\t once a mon? give ! lamp a ?or\gh clean+4 ,spread out a newspap] & take ! lamp ap>t4 ,wa% ! *imney & ! %ade 9 hot wat]1 dry ) a t[el1 & poli%1 us+ s(t pap]4 ,boil e "p ( ! burn] 9 wat] to :i* two tablespoonfuls ( soda h be5 add$4 ,ins]t new wicks if ! old ones are dirty1 & put ! p>ts all securely toge!r aga94 ,keep an old pan & "s clo?s exclusively = ?is purpose1 & be v c>eful n to all[ ! dirty h&s or a drop ( k]os5e to come ne> any food4 ,h a regul> "t 9 ! day = clean+ ! lamps1 pref]ably imm$iately aft] all ! morn+ "w has be5 done aft] breakfa/4 ,d n fill ! lamps ne> ! kit*5 /ove4 ,d n light a mat* :ile ! oil-c is ne>1 & nev] fill a lamp :ile x is light$ or :ile ne> ano!r "o :i* is light$4 ,if a fire is caus$ by k]os5e1 smo!r x ) a heavy rug or a wooll5 g>m5t1 & d n attempt to put x out ) wat]4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x w be well to give ?is lesson j be=e "s ev5+ ent]ta9m5t at ! s*ool-h\se4 ,if !re are no lamps at ! s*ool h a few br\ght 9 f neighb\r+ homes4 ,secure an old pan & "s clo?s to use 9 clean+4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss ) ! pupils ! co/ & prop]ties ( k]os5e & ! dang] ( hav+ a light or too great heat ne> a c ( k]os5e4 ,expla9 ! draught by means ( :i* ! k]os5e c be made to burn on ! wick & ! dang] if ! burn] becomes clogg$ up & ! draught is cut (f4 ,h ! lamps tak5 ap>t1 ! burn]s boil$1 ! *imneys clean$1 & ! body ( ! lamps fill$ & wip$ (f4 ,!n h ! lamps light$1 to see t !y burn prop]ly4 ,,lesson ,,xii3 ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,pe/s ,,subject-,,matt] ,h\sehold pe/s are annoy+1 dang]\s to heal?1 & de/ructive to prop]ty4 ,!y c>ry disease g]ms f "o p]son to ano!r & f ! l[] animals to human be+s4 ,absolute cleanl9ess is ess5tial1 if ! h\se is to be kept free f pe/s4 ,z a rule1 !y fl\ri% 9 d>k1 damp1 dirty places4 ,) prop] c>e ! h\sekeep] c keep h] h\se free f !m &1 if !y are notic$1 %e %\ld "k h[ to ext]m9ate !m4 ,a few simple me?ods ( ext]m9ation are "h giv53 ,b$bugs4--,k]os5e %\ld be p\r$ into all ! cracks1 & a bru%1 dipp$ 9 k]os5e1 run briskly ov] all surfaces4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to h no fire 9 ! room :ile ?is is be+ done4 ,! w9d[s %\ld be op51 & ! room %\ld be kept free f du/4 ,9 f\r days ?is %\ld be repeat$1 9 ord] to kill any bugs t may h j hat*$4 ,cockroa*es & wat]-bugs4--,a solution ( "o p\nd ( alum to ?ree p9ts ( wat] %\ld be p\r$ into all ! cracks4 ,insect-p[d] & borax are also effective4 ,absolute cleanl9ess & fre$om f dampness are necess>y1 if ! h\se is to be kept free f cockroa*es4 ,ants4--,oil ( cloves or p5nyroyal on pieces ( cotton-batt+ scatt]$ ab\t 9 ! places :]e ants appe> w drive !m away4 ,saturat+ ! ne/s ) coal-oil w de/roy !m4 ,food :i* attracts ants %\ld be remov$ f places :i* !y are able to rea*4 ,rats & mice4--,^! are be/ ext]m9at$ by ! use ( a trap or "s prep>ation su* z ,r\gh on ,rats4 ,traps %\ld be set nightly & %\ld be scald$ & air$ aft] a m\se has be5 caught4 ,rat holes may be /opp$ by spr9kl+ ) *loride ( lime & !n fill+ ) mort> or pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,mosquitoes4--,^! bre$ 9 swampy places1 or 9 old b>rels or kegs or t9 cans :i* hold /agnant wat]4 ,!re=e1 if ! swampy places are dra9$ & ! gr\nds ab\t ! h\se are kept free f /agnant wat]1 ! h\sekeep] w1 z a rule1 n be tr\bl$ ) mosquitoes4 ,empty b>rels or kegs %\ld be inv]t$1 & old t9 cans %\ld h a hole pun*$ 9 ! bottom1 s t !y w n hold wat]4 ,all high we$s ne> ! h\se %\ld be cut d[n & de/roy$1 s t !y w n provide a damp place 9 :i* to h>b\r mosquitoes4 ,if x is impossible to get rid ( all /&+ wat]1 ! bre$+ ( mosquitoes c be *eck$ by p\r+ k]os5e oil on ! wat]4 ,"o ounce ( oil on fifte5 squ>e feet ( wat] is suffici5t1 & ?is w h to be r5ew$ at lea/ once 9 t5 days4 ,! doors1 w9d[s1 & v5tilators ( ! h\se %\ld be well scre5$1 z a protection aga9/ mosquitoes4 ,flies4--,^! are "o ( ! greate/ c>ri]s ( typhoid & o!r g]ms1 z well z fil? ( all sorts4 ,!y c be got rid ( only by de/roy+ ! bre$+ places & kill+ ! flies z rapidly z possible4 ,mat]ials t attract !m %\ld n be expos$ 9 & ab\t ! h\se4 ,! h\se %\ld be well scre5$ ) wire me% or mosquito nett+1 9 ord] to keep out ! flies4 ,a fly swatt] %\ld be kept at h&4 ,! /ables %\ld be clean$ daily4 ,manure piles %\ld be scre5$1 & e ef=t %\ld be made to kill ! l>vae by frequ5t spray+ ) k]os5e1 creol9e 7dilute creosote71 or lime4 ,fleas4--,^! w be tr\blesome if cats or dogs are kept 9 ! h\se4 ,^! pets %\ld be giv5 frequ5t ba?s1 ! rugs on :i* !y lie %\ld be bru%$ & %ak5 daily1 & ! floors %\ld be wa%$ ) soap & wat] & wip$ ) k]os5e4 ,mo?s4--,^! are apt to develop 9 wooll5 clo!s unless ! g>m5ts are ?or\ghly %ak5 & absolutely protect$ by wrapp+ 9 newspap]s be=e be+ put away4 ,wooll5 g>m5ts t are us$ only occasionally %\ld be kept 9 a light1 dry place1 exam9$ frequ5tly1 & hung 9 ! sun occasionally4 ,mo?s or c>pet beetles c be ext]m9at$ by ! use ( k]os5e4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,give ?is lesson at a "t :5 ! pupils are ask+ ab\t h\sehold pe/s or :5 ! s*ool is suff]+ f !m4 ,x w\ld be well to h x 9 ! spr+1 j be=e ! s*ool closes1 s t ! pupils may imm$iately put into practice :at !y le>n4 ,x may be desirable to devote _! ef=ts to ! de/ruction ( "o p>ticul> pe/2 = example1 a fly crusade may be inaugurat$4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,if !re are pe/s 9 ! s*ool-room1 discuss _! habits1 :at seems to attract !m1 :]e !y come f1 etc4 ,h ! pupils report any t !y may h at home4 ,expla9 :y !y are dang]\s1 tell h[ !y c be ext]m9at$1 & assign to ea* pupil ! task ( ext]m9at+ "o h\sehold pe/4 ,h h] report1 ea* day1 ! success ( h] ef=ts4 ,cont9ue ?is "w = sev]al weeks4 ,,lesson ,,xiii3 ,,remov+ ,,/a9s1 ,,blea*+ ,,fabrics1 ,,& ,,sett+ ,,col\rs ,,subject-,,matt] ,z g>m5ts & h\sehold l95s are apt to become /a9$ & ?us lose _! attractiv5ess1 x is well to "k ! rem$ies = ! mo/ common /a9s & ! pr9ciple ^u :i* _! removal dep5ds4 ,all /a9s %\ld be remov$ z soon z possible4 ,boil+ wat] w loos5 & remove c(fee1 tea1 & fre% fruit /a9s4 ,! /a9$ spot %\ld be held ov] a b[l1 & ! wat] %\ld be p\r$ ^u x ) "s =ce4 ,cold wat] w remove /a9s made by blood or meat juice4 ,soak+ w help 9 ! removal ( blood /a9s4 ,ru/ /a9s may be remov$ by wett+ ! /a9$ spot ) lemon juice1 cov]+ x ) salt1 & plac+ ! /a9$ fabric 9 ! sun4 ,/a9s f /ove black+1 pa9t1 & grass may be remov$ by soak+ 9 k]os5e & wa%+ well ) soap & wat]4 ,ink /a9s may be remov$ by soak+ 9 wat]1 remov+ z mu* ( ! /a9 z possible1 & !n soak+ 9 milk4 ,/a9s f cream & o!r =ms ( grease may be wa%$ out 9 cold wat]1 foll[$ by w>m wat] & soap4 ,:ite cotton & :ite l95 mat]ials may be blea*$ by exposure to ! sun%9e :ile /ill damp4 ,if !y are left out ov]night1 ! blea*+ process is made effective by ! moi/ure furni%$ by dew or fro/4 ,a /ream ( /eam f ! tea-kettle may also help 9 ! blea*+ process4 ,"s col\rs are set by ! addition ( a small am\nt ( acid to ! fir/ wat] 9 :i* !y are soak$1 :ile o!rs are set by ! use ( salt4 ,x is necess>y to try a small am\nt ( ! mat]ial be=e dipp+ 9 ! entire g>m5t1 9 ord] to be sure ( satisfactory results4 ,v9eg> %\ld be us$ = blues1 "o-half cup to "o gallon ( wat]4 ,salt is mo/ effective = br[ns1 blacks1 & p9ks4 ,9 mo/ cases1 two cups ( salt to "o gallon ( cold wat] w be suffici5t4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! t[els us$ = dry+ di%es or ! l95 us$ = "s s*ool ent]ta9m5t may h become /a9$ ) c(fee1 fruit1 or "s o!r sub/ance4 ,make ?is ! basis ( a lesson1 & let ! pupils br+ f home o!r ?+s :i* are /a9$4 ,ea* pupil %\ld h an article on :i* to practise4 ,?is lesson %\ld be prelim9>y to ! lesson on laundry "w4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,exam9e ! v>i\s articles f :i* /a9s are to be remov$4 ,discuss ! me?od ( removal1 & let ea* pupil "w at h] own /a9 until x is z ne>ly remov$ z possible4 ,,lesson ,,xiv3 ,,wa%+ ,,di%-,,t[els1 ,,aprons1 ,,etc4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,di%-t[els %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$ at lea/ once a day4 ,wa% "o piece at a "t 7! cleane/ fir/7 9 w>m1 soapy wat] & r9se 9 cle> wat] 9 ano!r pan4 ,hang 9 ! sun1 if possible1 s t ! air w pass ?r\gh4 ,boil at lea/ once a week 9 soapy wat]1 to keep !m fre% & :ite4 ,sun%9e & fre% air are valuable = ! purposes ( blea*+ & purify+4 ,wa% ! aprons 9 hot1 soapy wat]2 boil1 r9se1 & blue slightly4 ,a small am\nt ( ?9 />* may be desirable4 ,a ?9 />* may be made z foll[s3 ,recipe = ,?9 ,/>* #b tbsp4 />* #d tbsp4 cold wat] #a_/b tsp4 l>d1 butt]1 or p>aff9 #a qt4 boil+ wat] ,add ! cold wat] to ! />* & l>d1 /ir until smoo?1 !n add ! boil+ wat] sl[ly1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,boil = sev]al m9utes 9 ord] to cook ! />* ?or\ghly2 !n add "o p9t ( cold wat] & a small am\nt ( blue+4 ,dilute if necess>y4 ,hang ! articles 9 ! sun to dry1 %ak+ well be=e putt+ on ! l9e1 & fold+ ! edge ( ea* ov] at lea/ six in*es4 ,be sure to h ! l9e clean4 ,:5 dry1 fold c>efully4 ,a %ort "t be=e iron+1 spr9kle well4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x may be desirable to give ?is lesson e>li] 9 ! c\rse1 if cook+ lessons are be+ giv5 & di%-t[els are 9 use1 or if ! aprons are badly soil$4 ,o!r articles may be wa%$1 if "t & facilities p]mit4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss briefly ! ne$ = laundry "w & ! g5]al pr9ciples4 ,let ! pupils take turns at wa%+ ! t[els or aprons2 exam9e ea* article aft] x is wa%$1 & give c>eful directions = ! boil+1 blue+1 & />*+4 ,:ile ^! processes are be+ complet$1 let "s ( ! pupils prep>e ! l9e4 ,let two ( !m be appo9t$ to br+ ! t[els 91 be=e go+ home f s*ool4 ,,lesson ,,xv3 ,,iron+ ,,subject-,,matt] ,to d good iron+ x is necess>y to h a firm1 unw>p$ iron+ bo>d4 ,?is %\ld be cov]$ ) "s ?ick wooll5 mat]ial & a :ite cotton cov] t is clean1 smoo?1 & tightly drawn4 ,! ?ick cov] %\ld be tack$ on1 :ile ! top cov] %\ld be p9n$1 s t x may be easily tak5 (f to be wa%$4 ,a heavy iron-hold] %\ld be provid$2 & ! irons %\ld be clean & smoo?4 ,= ?is purpose pap] %\ld be kept at h&1 z well z a piece ( beeswax1 s&pap]1 or salt4 ,a small clo? %\ld be us$ to wipe ! iron aft] us+ ! beeswax4 ,a newspap] %\ld be spread on ! floor1 to protect any pieces t may hang d[n :ile be+ iron$4 ,! co>s] t[els %\ld be iron$ fir/1 z ! long] ! irons are us$1 ! smoo!r !y become4 ,/>*$ pieces %\ld n be iron$ until ! irons are v hot4 ,if ! article is fir/ laid smoo?1 x w be easi] to iron x & keep x 9 %ape1 & e piece %\ld be iron$ until x is p]fectly dry4 ,z soon z ! iron+ is complet$1 ! articles %\ld be hung up to air4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,arrange to h ! iron+ lesson j z soon aft] ! laundry lesson z possible4 ,x w probably be easy to borr[ ! necess>y equipm5t f homes ne> ! s*ool4 ,ea* pupil may be direct$ to br+ some?+ t w contribute t[>d ! equipm5t1 & "o may be in/ruct$ to h ! fire ready & ano!r to put ! irons on to heat be=e ! lesson h\r4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,call ! pupils toge!r e>ly 9 ! morn+ or at "s "t previ\s to ! lesson p]iod1 & give !m directions = spr9kl+ ! articles to be iron$4 ,:5 ! class h\r comes1 demon/rate ! me?od ( iron+1 fold+1 & hang+ ! articles1 & let ! pupils take turns 9 do+ ! "w4 ,,lessons ,,xvi ,,& ,,xvii3 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,baby ,,subject-,,matt] ,because "y girls are fond ( little *ildr5 & mu/ help _! mo!rs (t5 ) _! baby bro!rs & si/]s1 !y %\ld "k h[ to c>e = !m4 ,x is ess5tial t !y %\ld und]/& ! foll[+ po9ts3 ,! little body ne$s protection4 ,! head is s(t1 & ! bra9 may be injur$ by h>d bumps or pressure4 ,! sk9 is t5d] & is easily irritat$ by ! bites ( insects1 friction1 & s on4 ,kick+ & wiggl+ are necess>y to ! developm5t ( ! muscles1 b ! baby %\ld n be play$ ) all ! "t2 & x is well = x :ile awake to lie quiet = "p ( ! "t4 ,x %\ld n be made to sit up until ready to d s4 ,a desire to creep %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,/&+ or walk+ %\ld n be taught ! baby until x tries to /& or walk itself1 & !n x mu/ be help$ v c>efully4 ,! baby %\ld h pl5ty ( fre% air & %\ld be all[$ to sp5d mu* ( its "t out-(-doors4 ,9 cold wea!r x mu/ be w>mly cov]$ & %elt]$ f high w9ds4 ,its eyes %\ld always be protect$ f /rong sunlight4 ,regul> h\rs %\ld be obs]v$ = sleep1 & ! baby %\ld be put to b$ e>ly 9 ! ev5+4 ,if ! h\se is n well scre5$ 9 summ]1 a mosquito b> %\ld be put ov] ! crib4 ,! clo?+ %\ld be light & loose1 s t ! body c move freely4 ,p]fect cleanl9ess is necess>y to keep ! baby's sk9 9 good condition2 & a daily ba? %\ld be giv54 ,a morn+ h\r1 midway betwe5 ! meals1 is usually ! be/ "t = ?is4 ,! baby %\ld be taught to use ! *amb] be=e ! ba? & aft] ! nap4 ,ev]y?+ %\ld be ready be=e x is undress$4 ,! room %\ld be v w>m4 ,! wat] %\ld be only mod]ately w>m1 & %\ld be c>efully te/$ to make sure t x is n too hot4 ,! t[els & cov]s = ! baby %\ld be at h&4 ,! head & ! feet %\ld be wa%$ fir/1 & ! body soap$ be=e putt+ ! *ild into ! ba?4 ,little soap %\ld be us$1 = ev5 ! be/ soap is /rong & is apt to irritate ! delicate sk94 ,! ba? %\ld be giv5 quickly1 & ! body wrapp$ at once 9 a blanket or t[el & kept cov]$ z mu* z possible :ile x is be+ dri$4 ,! baby %\ld be f$ 9 small quantities at regul> int]vals & giv5 pl5ty ( cold wat] to dr9k4 ,n until x is elev5 or twelve mon?s ( age %\ld x be giv5 solid or semi-solid food4 ,ev5 !n1 milk %\ld cont9ue to =m ! basis ( its diet1 & ( ?is a consid]able quantity %\ld be us$--ab\t a qu>t a day f ! twelf? mon? on4 ,z ! *ild gr[s old] a m v>i$ diet w be necess>y4 ,! mo/ hygi5ic me?ods ( food prep>ation %\ld always be obs]v$4 ,c]ta9 foods %\ld nev] be giv52 = example1 fri$ foods1 pa/ries1 condim5ts1 pickles1 pres]ves1 cann$ meats1 fi%1 pork1 sausage1 *eap c&ies1 co>se vegetables1 unripe & ov]ripe fruits1 /imulants1 foods treat$ ) a pres]vative or col\r+ matt]1 & half-cook$ />*es4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] %\ld talk ) ! pupils1 9 ord] to see :at po9ts 9 connection ) ! c>e ( ! baby x is necess>y = !m to "k1 s t !y may d _! "w at home intellig5tly4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,x w probably n be possible to h any?+ m ?an a class discussion ( ! po9ts 9 "q1 b ! pupils' home exp]i5ces ought to make ?is discussion vital4 ,if !re is a nurse 9 ! neighb\rhood :o c be secur$ to give "o lesson on ! c>e ( ! baby1 ! tea*] %\ld supplem5t h] own lessons by an additional lesson giv5 by ! nurse4 ,,lesson ,,xviii3 ,,co/ ,,( ,,food1 ,,clo?+1 ,,& ,,h\se ,,subject-,,matt] ,x is ( great importance t *ildr5 %\ld le>n 9 an elem5t>y way ! value ( prop]ty4 ,?is w prep>e !m = ! k ( ! co/ ( liv+ t is ess5tial4 ,!y %\ld le>n t ! co/ ( food c be decreas$ by hav+ g>d5s1 & by ! prop] *oice1 c>e1 & h&l+ ( foods2 t tak+ c>e ( clo?+ w r$uce ano!r item ( exp5se2 & t ! own+ ( "o's own h\se & lot is some?+ wor? work+ =1 9 ord] to obviate ! necessity ( pay+ r5t4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] w h to acqua9t h]self ?or\ghly ) conditions 9 ! community1 s t %e c talk intellig5tly ) ! pupils1 emphasize ! "r po9ts1 & give con/ructive help4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,beg9 ) a discussion ( ! co/ ( food2 h[ mu* ! pupils e>n or sp5d dur+ ! week2 & :y x is wor? :ile to cook & sew well & to look aft] prop]ty4 ,cont9ue su* discussions f "t to "t1 9 connection ) o!r s*ool "w4 ,,lesson ,,xix3 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,acc\nts ,,subject-,,matt] ,x is well = e "o to keep a writt5 record ( all money receiv$ & all money sp5t4 ,*ildr5 %\ld be taught to d ?is z soon z !y are old en\gh to h money 9 _! possession4 ,a simple little note-book 9 :i* all exp5ditures are ent]$ on ! "r side & all receipts on ! left side1 ) ! balance drawn up ea* week or mon?1 w prove an easy & satisfactory me?od ( keep+ acc\nts4 ,if ! little girl le>ns to d ?is ) h] p5nies1 %e w be bett] able to take c>e ( ! m important h\sehold acc\nts :5 %e is 9 *>ge ( a home4 ,h[ev]1 !re w be no real inc5tive = h] to keep acc\nts unless %e is endeav\r+ to save = "s good purpose4 ,if %e le>ns to save = ! future pur*ase ( a book1 a dress1 or "s little treat1 %e w feel t h] acc\nt-keep+ is wor? :ile4 ,z a h\sekeep]1 %e w appreciate ! importance ( sav+ = "s future b5efit to ! family4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,9 ord] to make ! lesson ( vital int]e/1 introduce x at a "t :5 ! pupils are sav+ = "s specific purpose--mat]ial = a dress to be made 9 ! sew+ class1 refre%m5ts = a p>ty = _! mo!rs1 a s*ool libr>y1 or some?+ else t w be a pleasure & help 9 ! "w ( ! s*ool4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,aft] discuss+ ! s\rces ( income ( ! pupil & ( h] family1 & ! means ( increas+ & tak+ c>e ( t income1 discuss simple me?ods ( keep+ acc\nts1 illu/rate ^! on ! black-bo>d1 %[ h[ to balance ! acc\nts1 & see t ea* pupil has a small book suitable = ! purpose4 ,x may be necess>y to make or to rule ?is book z a portion ( ! class ex]cise4 ,,lesson ,,xx3 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,subject-,,matt] ,closely alli$ to ! h\sekeep]'s "w )9 ! home is ! c>e ( ! ext]ior ( ! h\se & its surr\nd+s4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t ! gr\nds be kept neat & clean4 ,9 addition to ?is !y %\ld be made attractive by ! c>eful selection ( a few trees & %rubs suitably plac$4 ,:ile ! g>d5s at ! re> ( ! h\se may be plann$ solely = ! pleasure & use ( ! family1 9 plann+ ! lawn at ! sides & front ! neighb\rs & pass]s-by mu/ be consid]$4 ,! gr\nds %\ld be a picture ( :i* ! h\se is ! c5tre1 ! trees & %rubs be+ gr\p$ to frame ! picture4 ,9 plac+ %rubs1 ! effect ( ! :ole l&scape %\ld be consid]$4 ,z a rule1 %rubs %\ld be plac$ 9 corn]s1 to hide ou?\ses f view1 or to scre5 o!r places :i* %\ld be %ield$4 ,! c5tre ( ! lawn %\ld be left free1 & 9 no case %\ld a %rub be plac$ 9 ! middle ( an op5 space 9 a lawn or y>d4 ,a few fl[]s %\ld be plant$ among ! %rubs1 to give col\r at diff]5t seasons4 ,! ext]ior ( ! h\se mu/ be consid]$1 if ! picture fram$ by ! %rubs & v9es is to be a pleas+ "o4 ,! h\se %\ld be pa9t$ 9 a s(t br[n or d>k gre5 to bl5d ) ! l&scape ( oaks & p9es4 ,! pa9t w help to pres]ve ! h\se1 b its col\r mu/ be c>efully *os5 to give a pleas+ effect4 ,! g5]al plan ( ! gr\nds & local conditions 9 reg>d to soil & climate w det]m9e to a l>ge ext5t ! k9d ( %rubs to be us$4 ,_m beautiful %rubs :i* h be5 introduc$ f =eign c\ntries d well 9 ,ont>io1 b our native %rubs s]ve all decorative purposes4 ,= damp gr\nd !re is no bett] %rub ?an ! r$ osi] dogwood4 ,?is %rub w d well on almo/ any k9d ( soil4 ,! swamp bu% honeysuckle gr[s quickly & is suitable = clay l&2 s are ! black eld]b]ry & sev]al species ( viburnum4 ,! hazel :i* may be obta9$ f ! woods makes a good d5se %rub1 & ! wild rose also has possibilities4 ,! common b>b]ry is an attractive %rub2 b1 z x assi/s 9 ! =mation ( :eat ru/1 x %\ld n be us$ 9 rural sections4 ,! lilac may be us$ :]e a high %rub is desirable4 ,! common arbor vitae or c$> ( ! swamps makes a good ev]gre5 %rub4 ,x s]ves well z a %ield = bo? w9t] & summ] & ?rives ) mod]ate c>e4 ,! weigela1 =sy?ia1 & spiraea are also excell5t %rubs4 ,! gr\nd at ! back ( ! h\se %\ld be us$ = vegetable g>d5s ) fl[] bord]s4 ,= ?is purpose a deep1 ri* soil is necess>y1 & e squ>e foot ( space %\ld be utiliz$4 ,e family %\ld le>n to make use ( an increas$ numb] ( vegetables & fruits & to cook !m 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,no crops %\ld be all[$ to g to wa/e4 ,a family ( five p c\ld be entirely provid$ ) vegetables = ! summ] & autumn f a g>d5 less ?an fifty by sev5ty-five feet4 ,! attractiv5ess1 z well z ! usefulness1 ( ! bord]s dep5ds ^u ! *oice & arrangem5t ( fl[]s4 ,^! %\ld be *os5 ) due consid]ation z to height ( plants1 col\r ( blooms1 & seasons ( bloom+4 ,! talle/ plants %\ld be plac$ at ! back ( ! bord]2 = a bord] six feet wide none ( ! plants ne$ be ov] five feet 9 height4 ,!re c be a riot ( col\rs1 if ! fl[]s are arrang$ 9 clumps ( f\r to six ?r\gh\t ! entire l5g? ( ! bord]4 ,9 a well-plann$ fl[] bord] "s fl[]s %\ld be 9 bloom ea* mon?4 ,h>dy p]5nial fl[]s %\ld pr$om9ate1 ) en\gh annuals to fill up ! spaces & hide ! soil4 ,! well-tri$1 old-fa%ion$ fl[]s w give ! be/ satisfaction4 ,e f\r ye>s ! fl[] bord]s ne$ to be spad$1 well manur$1 & replant$4 ,! foll[+ li/s ( fl[]s = bord]s may be sugge/ive3 ,p]5nials4--,ble$+-he>t1 c>nations1 *rysan!mums1 columb9e1 coreopsis1 dahlias1 gaill>dias1 gold5 gl[1 iris1 l>kspur1 ori5tal poppies1 peonies1 phlox1 p9ks1 platycodon1 snapdragon4 ,bi5nials4--,=get-me-n1 foxglove1 ,cant]bury bells1 hollyhock1 sweet-william1 wallfl[]4 ,annuals4--,african daisy1 ag]atum1 a/]1 cal5dula1 calliopsis1 balsam1 c&ytuft1 cornfl[]1 cosmos1 m>igold1 mignonette1 na/urtium1 petunia1 poppy1 /ock1 sweet alyssum1 sweet-pea1 v]b5a1 z9nia1 annual phlox1 r$ sunfl[]1 cut-&-come-aga9 sunfl[]4 ,ea* home g>d5] %\ld /udy g>d5 lit]ature1 9 ord] to assi/ 9 solv+ ! g>d5 problems2 = ! day has pass$ :5 "o ne$$ only to scrat* ! soil ) a %ell1 plant ! se$s1 & receive an abundant crop4 ,today successful g>d5+ dep5ds ^u intellig5t managem5t ( ! soil & crop & ^u p]si/5t lab\r4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] %\ld1 if possible1 visit ! homes ( all ! pupils1 9 ord] to make h]self famili> ) ! condition 9 :i* _! gr\nds are kept4 ,%e may be able to secure p]mission f "o ( ! h\sekeep]s to use h] gr\nds z ! practice place = ! lesson1 or x may be m desirable to give ?is lesson at ! s*ool & to conduct a s*ool g>d5 z a model home g>d54 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss ! arrangem5t & c>e ( ! home or s*ool gr\nds4 ,h ! class tidy ! lawn & g>d5 *os5 = ! lesson1 sup]vis+ ! "w c>efully4 ,assign ! tidy+ up ( ! home lawns or "w 9 ! home g>d5s = ! com+ week4 ,let ?is lesson s]ve z a means ( int]e/+ ! pupils 9 home g>d5+1 if t has n already be5 tak5 up1 or ( emphasiz+ ! relation ( g>d5+ to ! h\sekeep]'s "w1 if !y are already int]e/$ 9 ! =m]4 ,,ref]5ce ,,books ,bu% ,fruits4 ,c>d4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto #a4ge ,:5 ,"m ,lets ,u ,g>d54 ,duncan4 ,m(fat1 ,y>d ,co41 ,new ,york 4#ge ,a ,woman's ,h>dy ,g>d54 ,ely4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto #a4ge ,! ,beg9n]'s ,g>d5 ,book4 ,fr5*4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto #a4jj ,productive ,vegetable ,g>d54 ,lloyd4 ,lipp9cott ,co41 ,philadelphia #a4ej ,,tw5ty ,,lessons ,,9 ,,cook+ ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,! tea*] %\ld le>n h[ ! pupils live 9 _! own homes1 :at food produce is gr[n = home use1 :at foods !y use1 & h[ !y prep>e & s]ve _! foods4 ,! in/ruction giv5 9 ! lessons %\ld be bas$ on ?is k1 & ! possibilities = ! improvem5t ( accept$ me?ods ( cook+ %\ld be consid]$4 ,^? foods %\ld be us$ 9 ! recipes :i* ! pupils c af=d to use at home4 ,!y %\ld be enc\rag$ to gr[ 9 _! g>d5s a v>iety ( g>d5 produce1 & to keep *ick5s1 pigs1 & c[s4 ,elem5t>y pr9ciples ( nutrition & sanitation %\ld be taught4 ,simple meals1 ) pla9 b well-cook$ di%es1 %\ld be plann$4 ,v>iations %\ld be sugge/$1 & ! value ( a mix$ diet emphasiz$4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to wa/e "t on po9ts t are unrelat$ to ! homes ( ! pupils1 except z su* po9ts may be necess>y to raise _! ideals4 ,all ! "w %\ld be done c>efully4 ,! sanit>y h&l+ ( food & c>e 9 ! /orage ( foods %\ld be insi/$ ^u4 ,c>eful att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! di%-wa%+1 c>e ( ! di%-t[els1 etc41 emphasiz+ ! po9ts 9 sanitation involv$4 ,! pupils %\ld be drill$ fai?fully 9 all po9ts connect$ ) ! h&l+ ( any?+ t comes 9 contact ) ! food4 ,prop] me?ods ( sweep+ & clean+ %\ld be employ$1 & ?or\ghness mu/ be practis$ 9 e detail ( ! "w4 ,con/ant drill 9 ^! processes %\ld be giv54 ,! ord] 9 :i* ! lessons are to be giv5 w be regulat$1 9 "p1 by ! season ( ! ye> 9 :i* !y occur1 ! locality1 ! foods obta9able1 & any special local ne$s4 ,h[ev]1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! lessons are giv5 9 prop] sequ5ce1 s t ! pupils may see ! relation ( "o to ano!r & may appreciate ! value ( ea*4 ,x may be necess>y to comb9e two lessons or to give only "p ( a lesson4 ,9 "s ( ! lessons m recipes are sugge/$ ?an c be prep>$ 9 a brief p]iod4 ,9 e case ! *oice ( a recipe w h to be made by ! tea*]4 ,:]ev] x is possible1 simple exp]im5ts %\ld be p]=m$ to %[ ! composition (1 & ! effect ( heat on1 food4 ,no attempt has be5 made to give a complete set ( recipes2 b ^? includ$ "h are *os5 z illu/rat+ ! subjects to be discuss$ 9 ! lessons4 ,! tea*] :o desires to make use ( a great] numb] ( recipes w d well to supply h]self ) "o ( ! text-books li/$4 ,level measurem5ts %\ld be us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( all ! recipes1 & all ! directions %\ld be c>efully foll[$4 ,! fir/ few lessons are m fully outl9$ ?an ! o!rs1 furni%+ sugge/ions = me?ods ( proc$ure t may be adapt$ to lat] lessons4 ,! tea*] %\ld h a detail$ plan = e lesson1 outl9+ h] me?od ( "w1 ! lead+ que/ions = ! discussion1 & ! home assignm5ts :i* %e desires to make4 ,foods t are 9 common use are sugge/$ = ! lessons outl9$4 ,!re w necess>ily be exceptions to _! use 9 diff]5t localities4 ,if any foods us$ 9 ! homes are h>mful because ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y are prep>$1 ! tea*] %\ld d all 9 h] p[] to correct ! situation1 b %e mu/1 at ! same "t1 be c>eful n to be too radical4 ,if ! lessons giv5 are n foll[$ by home practice1 ! "t devot$ to !m w be1 to all int5ts & purposes1 wa/$4 ,simple meal s]vice %\ld be introduc$ :]ev] x is possible1 & z mu* in/ruction on ! furni%+ & ! c>e ( ! kit*5 %\ld be includ$ z "t p]mits4 ,by ! "t ! c\rse is complet$1 ! pupil %\ld be able to keep h] kit*5 9 a sanit>y condition & %\ld h a suffici5t k ( food values & ( ! processes ( cook+ to enable h] to provide simple1 :olesome meals = h] family4 ,= ! tea*+ ( food values1 x w be helpful to secure ! set ( sixte5 food *>ts :i* may be obta9$ f ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 price "o doll>4 ,x w be %[n lat] h[ ! s*ool lun*eon may be manag$ ) v little int]f]5ce ) ! ord9>y organization ( ! s*ool4 ,:]e def9ite in/ruction is giv5 9 ,h\sehold ,sci5ce1 a place mu/ be provid$ = x on ! s*ool "t-table1 z is ! case ) ! o!r s*ool subjects4 ,9 sew+ & h\sehold managem5t lessons ( =ty m9utes ea* are suffici5t1 & ^! c be arrang$ = at ! times f\nd to be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,if ea* pupil keeps h] sew+ 9 a box or bag1 x may (t5 be us$ z busy "w :5 ! pupil has f9i%$ h] assign$ "w or :ile %e is wait+ = ! tea*]1 :o may be engag$ ) ano!r class4 ,lessons 9 cook]y %\ld be1 if possible1 at lea/ "o h\r 9 l5g?1 & %\ld be giv5 at a "t :5 ?is p]iod c be exce$$1 if ! "* ( ! lesson r5d]s x desirable2 = example1 9 ^? cases :]e ! cook+ is n complet$ at ! expiration ( ! "t assign$4 ,= ?is reason ! la/ h\r on ,friday aft]noon has prov$ a v suitable "t4 ,9 "s s*ools ! lesson is comm5c$ at half-pa/ ?ree & runs on until complet$1 & 9 ?is way only half an h\r ( ! regul> s*ool "t is tak54 ,! possibilities ( a ,saturday morn+ cook+ class %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,,abbreviations ,,& ,,measurem5ts tbsp4 tablespoonful tsp4 teaspoonful c4 cupful qt4 qu>t pt4 p9t oz4 ounce lb4 p\nd m94 m9ute hr4 h\r ,,table ,,( ,,level ,,measurem5ts #c tsp4 #a tbsp4 #af tbsp4 #a c4 7dry measure7 #ab tbsp4 7liquid7 #a c4 #b c4 #a pt4 ,,comp>isons ,,betwe5 ,,weights ,,& ,,measures #b c4 butt]1 pack$ solidly #a lb4 #b c4 sug> 7granulat$7 #a lb4 #b c4 meat1 f9ely *opp$ #a lb4 #b-b_/c c4 br[n sug> #a lb4 #b-b_/c c4 oatmeal #a lb4 #d-c_/d c4 roll$ oats #a lb4 #d c4 fl\r #a lb4 #b tbsp4 butt] #a oz4 #d tbsp4 fl\r #a oz4 #i or #aj eggs #a lb4 #a lemon 7juice7 #c tbsp4 ,note4--,! half-p9t measur+ cup & n ! ord9>y tea cup is ! "o to be us$4 ,,ref]5ce ,,books ,h\sehold ,managem5t4 ,ont>io ,tea*]s' ,manual4 ,! ,copp1 ,cl>k ,co41 ,ltd41 ,toronto #j4ai ,dome/ic ,sci5ce4 ,au/91 ,b4 ,j4 ,lyons ,c>nahan1 ,*icago4 ,vol4 ,i 4#fj ,vol4 ,,ii 4#fj ,pr9ciples ( ,cook+4 ,conley1 ,g4 ,am]ican ,book ,co41 ,new ,york 4#eb ,home ,economics4 ,flagg1 ,g4 ,p4 ,little1 ,br[n ,co41 ,bo/on4 7,mc,clelland1 ,good*ild ,/ew>t1 ,toronto74 4#ge ,lessons 9 ,elem5t>y ,cook+4 ,jones1 ,m4 ,c4 ,bo/on ,cook+ ,s*ool ,magaz9e ,co41 ,bo/on #a4jj ,food & ,heal?4 ,k9ne1 ,h41 & ,cooley1 ,a4 ,m4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto 4#fe ,! ,s*ool ,kit*5 ,text-book4 ,l9coln1 ,m4 ,j4 ,little1 ,br[n ,co41 ,bo/on4 7,mc,clelland1 ,good*ild ,/ew>t1 ,toronto7 4#fj ,food & ,cook]y4 ,metcalf1 ,m4 ,l4 ,indu/rial ,education ,co41 ,indianapolis #a4jj ,h\sehold ,sci5ce & ,arts4 ,morris1 ,j4 ,am]ican ,book ,co41 ,new ,york 4#fj ,! ,sci5ce ( ,home-mak+4 ,pirie1 ,e4 ,e4 ,scott1 ,=esman ,co41 ,*icago 4#ij ,elem5ts ( ! ,!ory & ,practice ( ,cook]y4 ,williams1 ,m4 ,e41 & ,fi%]1 ,k4 ,r4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto #a4jj ,,lesson ,i3 ,,discussion ,,( ,,foods ,,& ,,cook+ ,managem5t ( ! kit*5 /ove4 ,cook+ by dry heat4 ,bak$ vegetable or fruit4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,foods4--,! body uses food to build & repair its tissues1 to provide heat & en]gy1 & to regulate ! body processes4 ,foods diff] f "o ano!r 9 _! composition & 9 _! ability to assi/ ! body 9 ! p]=mance ( its v>i$ functions4 ,^! diff]5ces h l$ to ! classification ( foods into five gr\ps1 :i* are spok5 ( z ! five food-/uffs or food pr9ciples4 ,cook+4--,:ile "s foods c be us$ z !y occur 9 nature1 mo/ ( !m are made m acceptable by ! application ( heat4 ,heat s(t5s ! /ructure ( vegetables & fruits1 makes t5d] ! tissues ( meat1 prep>es />* = dige/ion1 develops ! flav\r 9 _m foods1 & de/roys ! p>asites & g]ms t may be pres5t4 ,! five food-/uffs are diff]5tly affect$ by heat--"s require sl[ cook+1 o!rs require int5se heat4 ,h5ce1 x is necess>y to /udy cook+1 9 ord] t ea* food may be prop]ly prep>$4 ,! /ove4--,a k ( ! con/ruction ( ! /ove & ! me?ods :]eby heat is obta9$ is imp]ative if "o is to be a successful cook4 ,= all /oves ?ree ?+s are necess>y--fuel1 a supply ( oxyg51 & a c]ta9 degree ( heat1 kn[n z ! k9dl+ po9t1 :]eby ! fire is />t$4 ,! supply ( oxyg5 is regulat$ by damp]s & *ecks s arrang$ z to admit or cut (f ! draught ( air4 ,! creative damp]s are doors or slides t come bel[ ! fire box4 ,:5 op51 !y admit ! entrance ( air1 increase ! draught1 & facilitate combu/ion4 ,! ov5 damp] is a flat plate :i* closes ! op5+ into ! *imney flue1 to decrease ! draw+ ( ! draught4 ,:5 ! ov5 damp] is clos$1 ! heat f ! fire rema9s 9 ! /ove & passes ar\nd ! ov54 ,*ecks are doors or slides high] ?an ! fire-box1 :i*1 :5 op51 all[ ! cold air to pass ov] ! fire1 ret>d+ combu/ion4 ,a /ove is also provid$ ) means = dispos+ ( ! a%es1 soot1 & ! gases =m$4 ,all p>ts ( ! /ove are s arrang$ t !y may be kept clean4 7,see ,tw5ty ,lessons 9 ! ,c>e ( ! ,home4 ,lesson ,i7 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,!re %\ld be provid$ = ?is lesson 7f ! homes ( ! pupils or ! s*ool g>d571 "s fruit or vegetable 9 season t c be cook$ by dry heat4 ,ea* pupil may be able to br+ an apple or a potato4 ,! tea*] %\ld be sure to h an ov5 t c be well heat$ = bak+ & to h ! fire well />t$ be=e ! lesson beg9s1 s t ! ov5 w be ready = use4 ,lessons 9 geography & nature /udy %\ld be correlat$ ) ! cook+ lesson1 to give ! pupils an opportunity to /udy ! s\rce ( foods & ! reasons = cook+ !m4 ,"o ( ! pupils %\ld write ! recipes on ! black-bo>d be=e ! lesson h\r4 ,,recipes ,bak$ ,apples ,wa% ! apples1 core !m1 & cut ?r\gh ! sk9 ) a knife1 s t ! apple c exp& 9 bak+ )\t break+ ! sk94 ,place ! apples 9 a bak+-di% & fill ea* cavity ) sug>4 ,cov] ! bottom ( ! di% ) wat] "o qu>t] ( an in* deep & bake until ! apples are s(t 7#bj to #de m9utes71 ba/+ !m e #aj m9utes4 ,place !m 9 a s]v+ di% & p\r ! juice ov] !m4 ,s]ve hot or cold4 ,bak$ ,potatoes ,select smoo? potatoes ( m$ium size1 scrub c>efully1 & place 9 a bak+-pan4 ,bake 9 a hot ov5 f #de m9utes to "o h\r4 ,:5 s(t1 break ! sk9 to let ! /eam escape & s]ve at once4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss v briefly ! food t is to be cook$ & ! me?od ( cook+ x4 ,h z _m apples or potatoes bak$ z !re are memb]s ( ! class or z ! bak+-di% w hold4 ,assign tasks to special memb]s ( ! class4 ,z quickly z possible put ! vegetable or fruit 9 ! ov5 to bake4 ,:ile ! bak+ is 9 process1 take up a g5]al discussion ( foods & cook+ & a special discussion ( ! food :i* is be+ us$ & ! me?od ( cook+ t is be+ employ$4 ,give z ?or\gh a lesson on ! /ove & combu/ion z "t p]mits4 ,exam9e ! bak$ article & discuss ! me?ods ( s]v+ x1 ! "t = s]v+1 & s on4 ,use ! f9i%$ product = ! s*ool lun* or h x s]v$ da9tily 9 ! class4 ,enc\rage ! pupils to br+ a di% to s*ool 9 ord] to take ! results ( _! "w home = ! family meal1 if a s*ool lun* is n s]v$ or if !y d n ne$ a lun*4 ,give c>eful directions = wa%+ ! di%es & sup]vise ! h\sework c>efully4 7,see pages #eb1 #ec1 ,h\sehold ,managem5t47 ,note4--,x may be necess>y to g on ) "s o!r recitation be=e ! bak+ is complet$1 9 :i* case "o memb] ( ! class %\ld be appo9t$ to wat* ! ov54 ,que/ions ,us$ to ,develop ! ,lesson ,:at food h we on h& = use to-day8 ,does ?is food ne$ cook+8 ,:y8 ,h[ %all we prep>e x = cook+8 ,h[ %all we prep>e ! ov58 ,h[ %all we c>e = ! fire8 ,h[ long w x be necess>y to cook ?is food8 7,"t ! bak+ c>efully & discuss m ?or\ghly at ! close ( ! lesson47 ,h[ c we tell :5 x is cook$8 ,h[ %all we s]ve x8 ,= :at meal %all we s]ve x8 ,( :at value is x to ! body8 ,home assignm5t4--,! pupils %\ld prep>e ! bak$ di% at home & at ! next lesson report ! result ( _! "w4 ,note4--,! recipes giv5 9 ?is ,manual are prep>$ = normal times2 b 9 e case ! ,regulations ( ! ,canada ,food ,bo>d %\ld be obs]v$1 & sub/itutes us$ :]ev] possible4 ,,lesson ,,ii3 ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,s]v+ ,,vegetables ,wat] & m9]al matt] 9 vegetables4 ,h[ to prep>e & s]ve uncook$ vegetables--lettuce1 cress1 cabbage1 etc4 ,cook+ by moi/ heat4 ,h[ to boil1 season1 & s]ve beet tops1 turnip tops1 cabbage1 spr\ts1 kale1 sp9a*1 mu/>d1 or o!r vegetable gre5s4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,wat]4--,all fluids & tissues ( ! body conta9 l>ge quantities ( wat]1 !re=e wat] is reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ important food-/uffs requir$ by ! body4 ,practically all foods conta9 "s wat]4 ,fre% vegetables & fruits provide ! body ) a high p]c5tage ( wat]4 ,wat] is a valuable m$ium = cook+4 ,z x heats1 small bubbles are =m$1 :i* cont9ually increase 9 numb] & size1 b gradually disappe>4 ,"s "t be=e ! boil+-po9t is rea*$1 an occasional l>ge bubble w rise to ! surface & disappe>4 ,! wat] has !n rea*$ ! simm]+-po9t1 #ahe1 a temp]ature frequ5tly made use ( 9 cook+4 ,:5 _m bubbles =m & break1 caus+ a commotion on ! surface ( ! wat]1 ! boil+-po9t1 #bab1 has be5 rea*$4 ,m9]al matt]4--,m9]al matt] is a second food-/uff t is ne$$ by ! body1 b ! am\nt requir$ is v small4 ,if a v>iety ( food is us$1 !re is g5]ally suffici5t m9]al matt] 9 ! diet4 ,fruits & vegetables1 especially fre% gre5 vegetables1 are comp>atively ri* 9 m9]al matt]4 ,m9]al matt] builds up ! bones & c]ta9 tissues1 su* z ! hair1 tee?1 & nails1 & regulates ! body processes by keep+ ! blood & dige/ive fluids 9 prop] condition4 ,gre5 vegetables4--,gre5 vegetables hold an important place 9 ! diet1 because !y conta9 valuable m9]al matt]4 ,!y also conta9 a high p]c5tage ( wat] & consid]able cellulose4 ,) few exceptions !y %\ld be eat5 raw1 because ! m9]al salts1 be+ soluble1 are lo/ 9 ! wat] 9 :i* !y are cook$ & because ! cellulose s]ves its purpose be/ 9 ! crisp =m4 ,cabbage is r5d]$ mu* m difficult ( dige/ion by cook+4 ,sp9a*1 beet tops1 etc41 are m palatable :5 cook$4 ,! delicately flav\r$ vegetables %\ld be boil$ 9 a v small am\nt ( wat]1 s t !y ne$ n be dra9$4 ,?us ! m9]al matt] w be reta9$ :5 ! vegetables are s]v$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,!re %\ld be provid$ = ! lesson 7f ! homes ( ! pupils or ! s*ool g>d571 "s fre% vegetables 9 season2 "o t c be cook$ by boil+ & "o t c be s]v$ uncook$ ) a simple dress+4 ,"o ( ! pupils %\ld write ! recipes on ! black-bo>d be=e ! lesson h\r4 ,,recipes ,prep>ation ( ,fre% ,gre5 ,vegetables,a ,wa% ! vegetables ?or\ghly1 leav+ !m 9 cold wat] to crisp1 if wilt$4 ,keep cool until ready to s]ve1 !n arrange da9tily1 & dress ) salt1 v9eg>1 & oil z desir$1 or prep>e a dress+ z foll[s3 ,cook$ ,dress+ #a_/b tbsp4 salt #a tsp4 mu/>d #a-a_/b tbsp4 sug> ,a few gra9s pepp] #a_/b tbsp4 fl\r #a egg or yolks ( #b eggs #a-a_/b tbsp4 melt$ butt] #c_/d c4 milk #a_/d c4 v9eg> ,mix ! dry +r$i5ts1 add ! egg slightly beat5 & ! butt] & ! milk4 ,cook ov] boil+ wat] until ! mixture ?ick5s4 ,add ! v9eg>1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,/ra9 & cool4 ,note4,a--,x may be well to omit f ?is lesson ! uncook$ vegetable t is s]v$ 9 ! =m ( a salad & to give x at "s o!r "t4 ,x is n well to attempt to tea* m ?an ! pupils c ma/] ?or\ghly4 ,recipe = ,boil+ & ,season+ ,fre% ,gre5 ,vegetables ,wa% ! vegetables c>efully & put !m on to cook 9 boil+ wat]4 ,delicately flav\r$ vegetables 7sp9a*1 cel]y1 fre% peas1 etc47 w require b little wat]1 & t %\ld be all[$ to boil away at ! la/4 ,if sp9a* is /irr$ con/antly1 no wat] ne$ be add$4 ,/>*y vegetables %\ld be completely cov]$ ) wat]1 & /rongly flav\r$ vegetables 7z turnips1 onions1 cabbage1 & caulifl[]7 %\ld be cook$ 9 wat] at simm]+ temp]ature4 ,aft] ! vegetables h cook$ = a few m9utes1 salt %\ld be add$1 "o teaspoonful to ea* qu>t ( wat]4 ,cook ! vegetable until x c be easily pi]c$ ) a =k4 ,let ! wat] boil away at ! la/4 ,if x is necess>y to dra91 d s z soon z ! vegetable is t5d]4 ,season ) salt1 pepp]1 & butt] 7#a_/d teaspoon salt1 #a_/h teaspoon pepp]1 & #a_/b tablespoon butt] to ea* cup ( vegetable74 ,note4--,! wat] 9 :i* ! vegetables are cook$ %\ld be sav$ = s\ps & sauces1 z x conta9s mo/ ( ! valuable m9]al matt]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss ! heat+ ( wat] & apply ! facts to cook+4 ,h ! pupils obs]ve & describe ! heat+ ( wat]4 ,if a new t9 sauce-pan or o!r bright t9 vessel is at h& 9 :i* to heat ! wat]1 ! *anges :i* take place z ! temp]ature increases w be m readily app>5t1 & ! pupils w enjoy wat*+ ! process4 ,discuss :y "o vegetable is to be cook$ & ano!r s]v$ uncook$4 ,emphasize ! clean+ ( ! vegetable1 its /ructure1 composition1 & ! effect ( ! boil+ wat] ^u x4 ,aft] ! vegetable has be5 put on to cook1 discuss ! me?od ( season+ or dress+ ! vegetable :i* is to be s]v$ uncook$1 & h x prep>$ attractively to s]ve on ! plates4 ,especial emphasis %\ld be plac$ on ! use & importance ( fre%1 gre5 vegetables4 ,cont9ue ! discussion ( vegetables1 lett+ ! memb]s ( ! class sugge/ o!rs t may be prep>$ z salads or cook$ 9 ! mann] be+ illu/rat$1 & write ! li/ on ! black-bo>d = ! pupils to copy 9 _! note-books4 ,:5 ! cook$ vegetable is t5d]1 h x dra9$1 season$1 & s]v$1 & s]ve ! uncook$ vegetable at ! same "t4 ,:5 ready = s]v+1 let ! pupils arrange _! plates & =ks c>efully1 !n let !m all sit d[n except ! two :o pass ! vegetables4 ,be sure t !y eat c>efully & da9tily4 ,emphasize ! c>eful wa%+ ( ! di%es1 etc41 z on ! previ\s day4 ,que/ions ,us$ to ,develop ! ,lesson ,h[ %all we prep>e our vegetables = s]v+8 ,( :at value is hot wat] 9 cook+ food8 ,h[ mu/ ! vegetable be prep>$ = boil+8 ,does ?is vegetable conta9 any wat]8 ,w x be necess>y to add any m8 ,w x be necess>y to cov] ! sauce-pan8 ,h[ hot mu/ ! wat] be kept8 ,h[ c "o tell :5 ! wat] is suffici5tly hot8 ,h[ c we det]m9e :5 ! food has cook$ long en\gh8 ,h[ %all we s]ve ?is vegetable8 ,h[ does boil+ comp>e ) bak+-- ,9 ! "t ne$$8 ,9 ! matt] ( flav\r8 ,9 ! am\nt ( fuel us$8 ,9 ! am\nt ( "w necess>y8 ,home assignm5t4--,practice 9 ! boil+ & ! s]v+ ( vegetables4 ,,lesson ,,iii3 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,c>bohydrates ,,9 ,,! ,,diet ,potatoes z a s\rce ( c>bohydrates4 ,! *oice1 co/1 c>e1 composition1 food value1 & cook+ ( potatoes1 bak$ squa%1 /eam$ squa%4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,c>bohydrates4--,a ?ird class ( food-/uffs requir$ by ! body is kn[n z ! c>bohydrates1 or sug>s & />*es4 ,?is class ( foods is us$ z fuel1 = ! production ( heat & en]gy 9 ! body4 ,excess ( c>bohydrates may be /or$ 9 ! body z fatty tissue4 ,potatoes4--,potatoes are a *eap s\rce ( c>bohydrates4 ,!y are also valuable = _! m9]al matt] & = ! l>ge quantity ( wat] :i* !y conta94 ,?ree f\r?s ( ! potato is wat]4 ,! framework ( ! potato is cellulose1 :i* is an indige/ible c>bohydrate mat]ial4 ,potatoes h only a small am\nt ( cellulose1 h[ev]1 & !y are comp>atively easy ( dige/ion4 ,:5 dry & mealy1 !y are mo/ dige/ible4 ,:5 us$ = a meal1 potatoes %\ld be supplem5t$ by "s muscle-build+ food1 su* z milk1 *eese1 eggs1 fi%1 or meat4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,at "s previ\s p]iod ! tea*] %\ld h discuss$ ) ! pupils ! use ( potatoes & le>n$ f !m ! diff]5t ways 9 :i* !y cook !m 9 _! homes4 ,%e %\ld det]m9e ^u "s recipes = ! lesson t w increase ! v>iety ( ways 9 :i* potatoes may be s]v$ & t w improve ! me?ods us$ 9 ! homes4 ,ea* pupil %\ld be ask$ to br+ "o or two potatoes = ! lesson4 ,! be/ me?ods ( cook+ & ! means ( secur+ v>iety %\ld be emphasiz$4 ,,recipes ,ma%$ ,potatoes #f potatoes #a_/d c4 hot milk or cream #a tbsp4 butt] #a tsp4 salt ,wa% & p>e ! potatoes1 boil1 dra91 dry1 & ma% 7) a potato ma%]7 9 ! sauce-pan 9 :i* !y 7 cook$4 ,beat !m until v light & creamy2 add hot milk1 butt]1 & salt1 & beat aga91 re-heat1 & s]ve4 ,s]ves six to eight4 ,br[n$ ,potatoes ,wa%1 scrub1 & p>e potatoes ( a uni=m size4 ,p>boil = #aj m9utes1 !n put 9 a dripp+-pan ) ! meat or on a rack 9 a bak+-pan4 ,ba/e ) fat e #aj m9utes1 :5 ! meat is ba/$4 ,all[ ab\t #dj m9utes = ! potatoes to cook4 ,,exp]im5t ,,to ,,%[ ,,! ,,pres5ce ,,( ,,/>* ,,9 ,,potatoes ,scrub & p>e a potato4 ,exam9e a ?9 cross-section4 ,grate ! potato4 ,remove ! co>se1 %r$d$ portion4 ,exam9e4 ,exam9e ! liquid & note any s$im5t4 ,heat ! liquid & /ir until boil+4 ,h[ has x *ang$8 ,exam9e ! portion ( ! grat]4 ,h[ has ! col\r *ang$8 ,:y8 ,bak$ ,squa% ,wipe ! %ell ( ! squa%1 cut x into pieces = s]v+1 remove ! se$s & /r+y portion1 place 9 a dripp+-pan1 & bake 9 a sl[ ov5 = ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r 7until t5d]74 ,s]ve at once4 ,/eam$ ,squa% ,prep>e ! squa% z = bak+1 put 9 a /eam] ov] boil+ wat]1 & cook = #cj m9utes or until s(t4 ,!n scrape ! squa% f ! %ell1 ma%1 & season ) butt]1 salt1 & pepp]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss ! composition & /ructure ( ! potato4 ,read ov] & discuss ! recipes t are to be us$4 ,make assignm5ts ( "w4 ,aft] ! potatoes h be5 put on to cook1 h ! class exam9e a raw potato1 foll[+ ! directions giv54,a ,a ,squa% is ano!r vegetable conta9+ a high p]c5tage ( c>bohydrate4 ,! recipe = squa% c be us$ at ?is "t or 9 "s o!r lesson4 ,if "o ( ! recipes requires ! use ( ! ov51 be c>eful to h ! potatoes = x prep>$ fir/ & z quickly z possible4 ,x may be necess>y to proce$ ) ano!r class1 assign+ "o pupil to take *>ge ( ! bak+4 ,special att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! c>eful s]v+ ( ! potatoes4 ,home assignm5t4--,be=e ! next lesson1 ea* pupil %\ld be able to report t %e has cook$ potatoes at home1 us+ ! recipes le>n$ 9 class4 ,,lesson ,,iv3 ,,fruits ,,& ,,vegetables ,food value & use ( fruits4 ,reasons & rules = cann+4 ,h[ to c & use su* vegetables z beets1 beans1 tomatoes1 & c>rots1 & su* fruits z figs1 grapes1 apples1 & pea*es4 ,! dry+ ( fruits & vegetables4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,fruits imp>t palatability & flav\r to o!r foods & ex]cise a fav\rable influ5ce ^u ! dige/ive organs1 ?\gh _! food value is l[4 ,!y conta9 a high p]c5tage ( wat] & only a small p]c5tage ( nutri5ts4 ,mo/ fruits are eat5 raw & are exce$+ly valuable to ! body because ( ! fre% acids !y conta94 ,cook+ s(t5s ! cellulose ( ! fruit &1 !re=e1 r5d]s "s fruits m easy ( dige/ion4 ,! cook+ ( fruit is ( value *iefly = ! purpose ( pres]vation4 ,! dry+ ( fruits4--,fruits are dri$ s t !y may be pres]v$ = use4 ,bact]ia & m\lds1 :i* cause ! decay ( fruits1 ne$ moi/ure = developm5t & gr[?4 ,if ! moi/ure is evaporat$1 ! fruits w keep almo/ indef9itely4 ,fruits & vegetables c be easily & inexp5sively dri$4 ,:5 dri$ fruits are to be us$ = ! table1 !y mu/ be wa%$ ?or\ghly & soak$ = sev]al h\rs1 or ov]night1 9 wat]1 s z to re/ore to !m z mu* wat] z possible4 ,!y %\ld be cook$1 until s(t1 9 ! same wat] 9 :i* !y are soak$4 ,cann+ & pres]v+4--,o!r me?ods ( pres]vation are desirable1 9 ord] t vegetables & fruits be made ( value = a long] p]iod ( "t ?an ?r\gh _! rip5+ season4 ,cann+ is "o ( ! me?ods mo/ commonly employ$ 9 ! home1 be+ bo? easy & satisfactory4 ,fruit :i* is to be cann$ is fir/ /]iliz$ by boil+ or /eam+1 9 ord] to de/roy all g]ms & spores4 ,?is c be adequately accompli%$ by boil+ = tw5ty m9utes1 b a %ort] "t is sometimes suffici5t4 ,9 ord] to ensure complete success1 all g]ms mu/ also be de/roy$ on ! cans & on ev]y?+ :i* comes 9 contact ) ! food4 ,?is w be effect$ by boil+ or /eam+ = tw5ty m9utes4 ,! j>s1 cov]s1 dipp]1 & funnel %\ld all be plac$ 9 cold wat]1 heat$ until ! wat] comes to ! boil+-po9t1 boil$ five m9utes1 & left 9 ! wat] until j be=e seal+4 ,z = ! rubb]s1 x w be suffici5t to dip !m into ! boil+ wat]4 ,aft] ! fruit has be5 put into ! c1 x mu/ be seal$ s t x is p]fectly air-tight4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 x is necess>y to h good cov]s1 ) new1 pliable rubb]s1 & to see to x t !y fit tightly4 ,:5 ! j> is to be fill$1 x %\ld be plac$ on a bo>d or wood5 table1 or on a clo? wrung out ( hot wat]1 & %\ld be fill$ to ov]fl[+4 ,sug> is n ess5tial to /]ilization & is us$ only to improve ! flav\r4 ,bo? fruits & vegetables c be cann$ )\t sug>4 ,h[ev]1 fruits cann$ ) a l>ge am\nt ( sug> d n spoil readily1 = g]ms develop sl[ly 9 a ?ick syrup4 ,me?ods ( cann+4--,! simple/ me?od ( cann+ is ! ,op5-kettle ,me?od employ$ = small1 wat]y fruits1 su* z b]ries1 grapes1 tomatoes1 etc4 ,! fruit is boil$ 9 an op5 kettle 7:i* p]mits ( ! evaporation ( "s ( ! wat] 9 ! fruit7 & transf]r$ at once to a /]iliz$ j>1 :i* is imm$iately seal$4 ,ano!r & saf] me?od1 :i* secures m complete /]ilization )\t s]i\s *ange ( flav\r 9 ! fruit1 is t kn[n z ! ,cold-pack ,me?od4 ,aft] be+ transf]r$ to ! cans1 ! vegetable or fruit is subject$ to an additional p]iod ( heat+ ( consid]able l5g?1 or to ?ree p]iods ( brief] l5g? on ?ree successive days4 ,if ! ?ree p]iods ( /]ilization are us$1 ! process is kn[n z ! ,int]mitt5t ,me?od4 ,! ,s+le ,process ,me?od is describ$ 9 ! recipe = cann$ beets4 ,! ,int]mitt5t ,process proves m satisfactory = cann$ beans4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] %\ld asc]ta9 :at fruits & vegetables are mo/ abundant & select = cann+ ^? t ! class c provide4 ,ea* pupil %\ld be ask$ to br+ "s vegetable or fruit1 "s granulat$ sug>1 & a j> 9 :i* to c h] fruit4 ,if ! s*ool does n possess en\gh kettles or sauce-pans 9 :i* to d ! cook+1 !y may be borr[$ f ! homes4 ,only "o fruit or "o vegetable %\ld be tak5 up at a "t1 = ! prep>ation necess>ily v>ies slightly1 & ! diff]5t me?ods w prove confus+4 ,x is n necess>y to conf9e ! *oice ( fruits & vegetables to ^? m5tion$ 9 ! recipes includ$ "h4 ,! tea*] w f9d x bett] to base h] in/ruction on ! products ( ! p>ticul> "t & place4 ,! pr9ciples ( cann+ %\ld be tak5 up at "s o!r p]iod1 if possible1 9 ord] t ! cook+ lesson may be devot$ entirely to ! practical "w4 ,,recipes ,cann$ ,tomatoes 7,op5-kettle ,me?od7 ,scald & peel ! tomatoes4 ,boil g5tly = #bj m9utes4 ,/]ilize ! j>s1 cov]s1 & rubb]s4 ,/& ! j>s on a clo? 9 a pan ( hot wat] or on a bo>d or wood5 table4 ,fill ! j>s ) hot tomatoes1 be+ c>eful to fill to ov]fl[+ & to expel all air bubbles f ! j>4 ,adju/ ! rubb]s & cov]s4 ,seal & all[ to cool4 ,te/1 label1 & set away 9 a cool1 dry1 d>k place4 7,cold-pack ,me?od7 ,scald 9 wat] hot en\gh to loos5 ! sk9s4 ,plunge quickly 9 cold wat] & remove ! sk9s4 ,pack :ole or 9 pieces 9 ! j>s4 ,fill ! j>s ) tomatoes only4 ,add #a level teaspoonful ( salt to ea* qu>t4 ,place ! rubb] & cov] 9 position4 ,p>tially seal1 b n tightly4 ,place ! j>s on a rack 9 a boil]4 ,p\r suffici5t w>m wat] into ! boil] to come half-way up ! j>s4 ,place ! fill$ j>s on ! rack s z n to t\* "o ano!r1 & pack ! spaces betwe5 !m ) cotton1 to prev5t ! j>s /rik+ :5 ! wat] boils4 ,/]ilize = #bb m9utes aft] ! wat] beg9s to boil4 ,remove ! j>s f ! boil]4 ,tight5 ! cov]s4 ,inv]t to cool1 & te/ ! jo9ts4 ,wrap ! j>s 9 pap] to prev5t blea*+ & /ore 9 a cool1 dry1 d>k place4 ,?is me?od ( cook+ is also call$ ,! ,hot ,wat] ,ba?4 ,cann$ ,grapes 7,op5-kettle ,me?od7 #f qt4 grapes #a qt4 sug> #a_/b c4 wat] ,pick ov]1 wa%1 dra91 & remove ! /ems f ! grapes4 ,sep>ate ! pulp f ! sk9s4 ,cook ! pulp #e m9utes & !n rub ?r\gh a sieve t is f9e en\gh to hold back ! se$s4 ,put ! wat]1 sk9s1 & pulp into ! pres]v+ kettle & heat sl[ly to ! boil+-po9t4 ,skim ! fruit & !n add ! sug>4 ,boil #ae m9utes4 ,put into j>s z direct$4 ,sweet grapes may be cann$ ) less sug>2 v s\r grapes w require m sug>4 ,cann$ ,pea*es ,*oose firm1 solid fruit4 ,scald long en\gh to loos5 ! sk9s4 ,peel & cut 9 halves4 ,if cl+/one pea*es are us$1 !y may be cann$ :ole4 ,pack ! fruit into /]iliz$ j>s1 fill ) boil+ syrup 7#a c4 sug> to #a-a_/b c4 wat]74 ,!n put on ! cov]s loosely & place on wood5 racks 9 ! boil]4 ,/]ilize 9 hot wat] ba? = #bj m9utes4 ,remove ! j>s & tight5 ! cov]s4 ,inv]t to cool1 & te/ ! jo9ts4 ,wrap ! j>s 9 pap] to prev5t blea*+2 !n /ore4 ,cann$ ,beets 7,s+le ,process7 ,wa% ! beets & boil !m until !y are ne>ly t5d] & ! sk9s come (f easily4 ,remove ! sk9s & c>efully pack ! beets 9 a j>4 ,cov] ) boil+ wat]1 to :i* "o tablespoonful ( salt is add$ = ea* qu>t1 & put ! cov] on ! j>1 b d n fa/5 x d[n4 ,place ! j> on a rack or a fold$ clo? 9 a l>ge kettle t c be closely cov]$4 ,p\r en\gh wat] into ! kettle to rea* )9 two in*es ( ! top ( ! j>1 cov] ! kettle1 br+ ! wat] to ! boil+-po9t1 & boil f "o & "o-half to two h\rs4 ,z ! wat] ar\nd ! j> boils d[n1 repl5i% ) boil+ wat]1 nev] ) cold4 ,remove ! j>s & tight5 ! cov]s4 ,inv]t to cool1 & te/ ! jo9ts4 ,wrap ! j>s 9 pap] to prev5t blea*+2 !n /ore4 ,note4--,9 cann+ beets1 if v9eg> is add$ to ! wat] 9 ! proportion ( "o "p v9eg> to f\r p>ts wat]1 ! natural bright col\r w be reta9$4 ,cann$ ,/r+ ,beans & ,peas 7,int]mitt5t ,me?od7 ,c on ! same day t ! vegetables are pick$4 ,blan* 9 boil+ wat] f #b to #e m9utes4 ,remove1 & plunge into cold wat]4 ,pack 9 /]iliz$ j>s4 ,add boil+ wat] to fill ! crevices4 ,add #a level teaspoonful ( salt to ea* qu>t4 ,place rubb]s & cov]s 9 position4 ,set ! j>s on ! rack 9 ! boil] & br+ gradually to boil+ heat4 ,at ! end ( an h\r's boil+1 remove ! j>s f ! boil]4 ,tight5 ! clamps or rims & set ! j>s aside to cool until ! foll[+ day4 ,d n let ! vegetables cool (f 9 ! boil]1 z ?is results 9 ov]-cook+4 ,on ! second day1 loos5 ! clamps or unscrew ! rims1 place ! j>s 9 w>m wat]1 heat aga9 to boil+ temp]ature1 & boil = an h\r2 !n remove !m aga94 ,on ! ?ird day1 repeat ! h\r's boil+1 z on ! prec$+ day4 ,corn may be cann$ successfully 9 ! same way4 ,dri$ ,corn ,pick ! corn e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,imm$iately husk1 silk1 & cut ! corn f ! cob4 ,spread 9 a v ?9 lay] on a bo>d1 cov] ) mosquito nett+ :i* is kept suffici5tly elevat$ s t x w n come 9 contact ) ! corn1 place 9 ! hot sun1 & leave all day4 ,be=e ! dew beg9s to fall1 take x into ! h\se & place 9 an ov5 t is slightly w>m4 ,leave 9 ! ov5 ov]night & place out 9 ! sun aga9 ! next day4 ,repeat ?is process until absolutely dry4 ,/r+ ,beans ,/r+ beans are hung up to dry & kept = w9t] use4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,if possible1 let ea* pupil c a j> ( vegetables or fruit = h] own home4 ,if ! class is l>ge1 let ! pupils "w 9 gr\ps ( two or ?ree4 ,beg9 ! lesson ) a v brief discussion ( h[ to prep>e fruit = cann+4 ,let ! pupils proce$ ) ! practical "w z quickly z possible4 ,demon/rate ! me?od ( fill+ & seal+ ! j>s4 ,assign ! c>e ( ! j>s & ! int]mitt5t cann+ on succe$+ days to memb]s ( ! class1 & hold !m responsible = ! completion ( ! "w4 ,! dry+ ( "s vegetables c be und]tak5 at s*ool1 & c>efully foll[$ f day to day4 ,x w furni% ! pupils ) an int]e/+ problem4 ,,lesson ,v3 ,,fats--,,vegetables--,cont9u$ ,prep>ation ( :ite sauce to s]ve ) vegetables4 ,h[ to boil1 season1 & s]ve su* vegetables z lima or butt] beans1 /r+ beans1 onions1 cabbage1 corn1 beets1 turnips1 or c>rots4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,fats4--,butt] belongs to ! class ( food-/uffs kn[n z fats4 ,x increases ! fuel value ( ^? di%es to :i* x is add$4 ,fats supply heat & en]gy to ! body 9 a conc5trat$ =m4 ,= ?is reason !y %\ld be us$ 9 a limit$ quantity4 ,fats und]go sev]al *anges dur+ ! process ( dige/ion1 & ! excessive use ( !m int]f]es ) ! dige/ion ( o!r foods & ?r[s a l>ge am\nt ( "w ^u ! dige/ive organs4 ,cook$ fats are m difficult ( dige/ion ?an uncook$ fats1 & o!r foods cook$ ) hot fat are r5d]$ m difficult to dige/4 ,vegetables4--,vegetables %\ld be us$ :5 9 season1 z !y are always be/ & *eape/ !n4 ,!y are bett] kept 9 a cold1 dry1 & d>k place4 ,if ! vegetables conta9 />* or t\gh cellulose1 !y w require cook+2 z raw />* is indige/ible1 & ! h>% cellulose may be too irritat+ to ! dige/ive tract4 ,9 old or exce$+ly l>ge vegetables ! cellulose may be v t\gh2 h5ce a long p]iod ( cook+ is necess>y4 ,!y %\ld be cook$ only until !y are t5d]4 ,long] cook+ may de/roy ! flav\r1 r5d] ! vegetables difficult ( dige/ion1 & cause ! col\r to *ange4 ,9 v "y vegetables ! cellulose is delicate &1 if "y vegetables d n conta9 mu* />*1 !y may be eat5 raw4 ,:5 cook$ vegetables are s]v$1 !y are usually season$ & dress$ ) butt] 7= "o cup ( vegetables use #a_/b teaspoonful ( salt1 #a_/h teaspoonful ( pepp]1 & #a_/b tablespoonful ( fat71 or a sauce is prep>$ to s]ve ) !m4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x may be well to h a prelim9>y lesson devot$ to simple exp]im5ts ) fl\r1 liquid1 & fat1 9 ord] to det]m9e ! be/ me?od ( comb9+ ! +r$i5ts 9 ! :ite sauce4 ,h[ev]1 if ! lesson p]iod is ( suffici5t l5g?1 a few ( ^! exp]im5ts may be p]=m$ 9 connection ) x4 ,!re %\ld be provid$ = ! lesson "s vegetable t is improv$ by s]v+ ) :ite sauce1 & suffici5t milk1 butt] or o!r fat1 fl\r1 & salt = ! sauce & ! exp]im5ts4 ,discuss ) ! pupils ! fat t is us$ 9 _! homes1 9 ord] to "k :at is available4 ,! recipes %\ld be writt5 on ! black-bo>d be=e ! lesson h\r4 ,,recipes ,/ew$ ,onions #a qt4 onions ,:ite pepp] #b tbsp4 butt] #a_/d tsp4 salt ,peel ! onions "u cold wat]4 ,cov] ) boil+ wat]1 add salt1 & simm] until t5d]4 ,dra9 & s]ve ) "o cup ( :ite sauce2 or omit ! sauce & s]ve season$ ) butt] & pepp]4 ,s]ves six4 ,cabbage ,cut ! cabbage into qu>t]s & soak "o-half h\r 9 cold salt wat] to draw out any insects4 ,*op or %r$1 cov] ) boil+ wat]1 add salt1 & simm] until t5d]4 ,dra91 & s]ve ) butt]1 salt1 & pepp]1 or ) a sauce4 ,c>rots ,scrape ! c>rots & cut !m into l>ge dice or slices4 ,add boil+ wat] & boil until t5d] 7f #cj to #de m9utes74 ,dra91 & season ) butt]1 salt1 & pepp]1 or s]ve ) :ite sauce4 ,/r+ ,beans ,/r+ ! beans1 if necess>y1 & cut into pieces4 ,boil 9 salt$ wat] until t5d]4 ,season ) butt]1 salt1 & pepp]1 & s]ve hot4 ,salt pork may be boil$ ) ! beans1 to give !m an add$ flav\r4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,9 ,,us+ ,,/>* ,,= ,,?ick5+ 7,any p[d]$ />* may be us$7 #a4 ,boil #a_/d cup ( wat] 9 a small sauce-pan4 ,:ile boil+1 /ir into x #a_/b tsp4 ( corn/>* & let x boil "o m9ute4 ,obs]ve ! result4 ,break op5 a lump & exam9e x4 #b4 ,mix #a tsp4 ( corn/>* ) #b tsp4 ( cold wat] & /ir into #a_/d cup ( boil+ wat]4 ,note ! result4 #c4 ,mix #a tsp4 ( corn/>* ) #b tsp4 ( sug> & /ir into #a_/d cup ( boil+ wat]4 ,note ! result4 #d4 ,mix #a tsp4 ( corn/>* ) #b tsp4 ( melt$ fat 9 a small sauce-pan & /ir into x #a_/d cup ( boil+ wat]4 ,note ! result4 ,,conclusions ,,bas$ ,,on ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,exp]im5ts #a4 ,/>* granules mu/ be sep>at$ be=e be+ us$ to ?ick5 a liquid3 7#a7 ,by add+ a d\ble quantity ( cold liquid1 7#b7 ,by add+ a d\ble quantity ( sug>1 7#c7 ,by add+ a d\ble quantity ( melt$ fat4 #b4 ,! liquid :i* is be+ ?ick5$ mu/ be con/antly /irr$1 to di/ribute ev5ly ! />* gra9s until !y are cook$4 ,:ite ,sauce #b tbsp4 butt] or o!r fat #b tbsp4 fl\r #a c4 milk #a_/d tsp4 salt #a_/h tsp4 pepp] 7,suffici5t = #a p9t vegetables7 ,melt ! butt]1 add ! fl\r1 & /ir ov] ! fire until fro?y4 ,add ! milk & /ir con/antly until x ?ick5s4 ,/ir 9 ! season+s4 ,note4--,vegetable wat] may be sub/itut$ = "p ( ! milk4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,review ! facts on boil+ vegetables le>n$ 9 ! previ\s lesson4 ,let ! pupils put wat] on to boil & prep>e a vegetable = cook+4 ,if exp]im5ts are to be made1 !y c be p]=m$ :ile ! vegetable is cook+4 ,if ! exp]im5ts h be5 made previ\sly1 !y c be review$ 9 discussion at ?is "t4 ,prep>e a :ite sauce by demon/ration1 us+ ! me?od :i* seems mo/ practical4 ,h ! vegetables dra9$1 dri$1 & add$ to ! :ite sauce4 ,:5 well-heat$1 s]ve4 ,que/ions ,us$ to ,develop ! ,lesson ,:at facts reg>d+ ! boil+ ( vegetables did we le>n 9 ! la/ lesson8 ,does ! vegetable t we are to cook to-day diff] 9 any m>k$ way f ^? we cook$ be=e8 ,%\ld we foll[ ! same rule 9 cook+ x8 ,%\ld we add ! fl\r directly to ! cold milk8 ,to ! hot milk8 ,h[ %all we comb9e ! :ite sauce8 ,) :at o!r vegetables c :ite sauce be us$8 ,home assignm5t4--,ea* pupil %\ld prep>e "s vegetable & s]ve x ) :ite sauce1 be=e ! next lesson4 ,,lesson ,,vi3 ,,c]eals ,k9ds1 composition1 c>e1 & g5]al rules = cook+ c]eals4 ,oatmeal1 crack$ :eat1 corn-meal porridge1 rice4 ,fruits to s]ve ) c]eals--/ew$ prunes1 /ew$ apples1 or apple sauce4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,! t]m c]eals is appli$ to ! cultivat$ grasses--rice1 :eat1 corn1 rye1 oats1 & buck:eat4 ,!y are widely gr[n ?r\gh\t ! temp]ate zone & are prep>$ 9 v>i\s =ms = use z food4 ,c]eals conta9 a high p]c5tage ( />* & a l[ p]c5tage ( wat]1 ) v>y+ proportions ( m9]al matt] & fat4 ,9 addition to ! f\r food-/uffs already /udi$1 c]eals conta9 a small am\nt ( ano!r food-/uff kn[n z prote9--a muscle-build+ mat]ial4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ! c]eals conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( cellulose1 :i* is brok5 up dur+ ! process ( prep>ation = m>ket & requires long cook+ be=e be+ ready = use by ! body4 ,! dige/ibility ( ! c]eals dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( cellulose :i* !y conta9 & ! ?or\ghness ( ! cook+4 ,c]eals are palatable1 & !y are valuable1 because 9 cook+ !y c be bl5d$ 9 v>i\s ways ) o!r sub/ances4 ,!y are b5eficial also to ! body1 because _! cellulose acts me*anically on ! dige/ive organs by /imulat+ !m to action4 ,c]eals are made m attractive by s]v+ ) fre% or cook$ fruit4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! c]eals %\ld be discuss$ 9 a nature /udy or geography lesson1 & two or ?ree k9ds t are 9 common use %\ld be br\ght f home by ! pupils4 ,if c]eals are n g5]ally us$ z breakfa/ foods1 ! lesson may be a means ( introduc+ !m4 ,"s pupils %\ld br+ a little milk & sug>1 to s]ve ) ! cook$ c]eal4 ,apples or prunes %\ld be br\ght1 to cook & s]ve ) ! c]eal4 ,,recipes ,oatmeal #c c4 boil+ wat] #c_/d c4 oatmeal #c_/d tsp4 salt ,add ! oatmeal sl[ly to boil+ salt$ wat]4 ,boil = #aj m9utes1 /irr+ con/antly1 !n cook sl[ly1 pref]ably ov] wat]1 at lea/ "o & "o-half h\rs long]2 ! flav\r is develop$ by long] cook+4 ,s]ves six4 ,crack$ ,:eat ,foll[ ! recipe = oatmeal1 us+ #c_/d c4 ( crack$ :eat4 ,corn-meal ,porridge #d c4 boil+ wat] #c_/d c4 corn-meal #a tsp4 salt ,add ! corn-meal sl[ly to boil+ salt$ wat]4 ,boil = #aj m9utes1 /irr+ con/antly1 !n cook sl[ly = ?ree h\rs long]1 pref]ably ov] wat]4 ,s]ves six to eight4 ,boil$ ,rice #c qt4 boil+ wat] #a c4 rice #b tsp4 salt ,pick ! rice ov] c>efully & wa% ?or\ghly4 ,add x to ! boil+ salt$ wat] s gradually t x w n /op boil+4 ,p>tly cov] & cook = #bj m9utes1 or until ! gra9s are s(t2 turn into a col&]1 & p\r cold wat] ?r\gh x1 dra91 dry1 & re-heat 9 a hot ov5 ) door op54 ,s]ve hot z a vegetable or z a simple dess]t ) cream & sug>4 ,s]ves six to eight4 ,/ew$ ,prunes #a_/b lb4 prunes #a qt4 cold wat] ,wa% ! prunes 9 two or ?ree wat]s2 !n soak !m 9 cold wat] = sev]al h\rs4 ,heat !m 9 ! wat] 9 :i* !y are soak$ & simm] until t5d] 7an h\r or m74 ,s]ves six to eight4 ,/ew$ ,apples #aj small apples #a_/b c4 sug> #c_/d c4 wat] ,cook ! sug> & wat] toge!r until x boils4 ,wa%1 p>e1 & cut ! apples into qu>t]s2 core1 & slice ! qu>t]s l5g?wise into #a_/d-;in* slices2 put ! apple slices into boil+ syrup & cook sl[ly until t5d]4 ,remove f ! syrup at once & let ! syrup boil d[n to ?ick54 ,apple ,sauce #aj small apples #a_/b c4 sug> #c_/d c4 wat] ,wipe1 qu>t]1 core1 & p>e s\r apples2 add ! wat] & cook until ! apples beg9 to s(t52 add ! sug> & flav\r+1 cook until ! apples are v s(t1 !n press ?r\gh a /ra9] & beat well4 ,s]ves eight to t54 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,z soon z ! class meets1 discuss ! recipes briefly & put ! c]eals on to cook at once4 ,prep>e ! fruit4 ,:ile ! long cook+ ( ! c]eal is 9 progress1 discuss ! composition1 food value1 & me?ods ( us+ c]eals4 ,!n g on ) ano!r lesson & call ! class toge!r1 = s]v+1 lat] 9 ! day4 ,s]ve ! fruit & ! c]eals toge!r4 ,,lesson ,,vii3 ,,classification ,,( ,,foods--,review$ ,,subject-,,matt] ,^? foods :i* build up & repair ! muscul> tissues ( ! body are call$ prote9 foods1 muscle build]s1 or fle% =m]s4 ,meat1 fi%1 eggs1 *eese1 milk1 c]eals1 legumes1 & nuts are class$ z prote9 foods4 ,^? foods :i* s]ve solely z fuel = ! body--provid+ heat & en]gy--are class$ "u two gr\ps3 ! c>bohydrates 7sug> & />*es71 :i* ! body is able to use 9 relatively l>ge quantities2 & ! fats1 :i* ! body _c use 9 su* l>ge quantities1 b :i* yield a l>ge am\nt ( heat & en]gy4 ,prote9 also s]ves z fuel1 ?\gh tissue build+ is reg>d$ z its special function4 ,sug>s & />*es are abundant 9 fruits & vegetables4 ,fats are f\nd 9 meats1 fi%1 milk1 & 9 "s vegetable foods4 ,heat-giv+ food may be /or$ 9 ! body z fatty tissue4 ,m9]al comp\nds mu/ be pres5t 9 our food1 to help 9 ! regulation ( ! body processes & to ent] into ! composition ( ! /ructure & ! fluids ( ! body4 ,m9]al comp\nds are be/ suppli$ by fre% gre5 vegetables1 fruits1 & milk4 ,wat] is absolutely ess5tial to ! body1 is pres5t 9 l>ge quantities 9 _m foods1 & is comb9$ ) _m o!r foods dur+ ! processes ( cook+4 ,"o or m ( ! food-/uffs sometimes pr$om9ate 9 a s+le food4 ,= example1 rice is almo/ entirely c>bohydrate1 & butt] is almo/ pure fat4 ,occasionally1 we f9d a food t conta9s all ! five gr\ps ( food pr9ciples4 ,milk is an example ( su* a food1 conta9+ all five food pr9ciples 9 su* proportions z to supply all ! n\ri%m5t :i* a baby ne$s dur+ ! e>ly mon?s ( its life4 ,z ! *ild gr[s old]1 foods ri* 9 bo? c>bohydrates mu/ be add$ to ! diet4 ,:eat conta9s all t ! body ne$s = n\ri%m5t except wat]1 :i* is easily add$ 9 cook+4 ,prote9 foods ,c>bohydrate foods ,meats ,sug> ,fi% ,honey ,p\ltry ,syrup ,eggs ,vegetables3 ,*eese ,potatoes ,milk ,p>snips ,c]eals3 ,peas ,:eat ,beets ,oatmeal ,c>rots ,rye ,c]eal prep>ations3 ,legumes3 ,meals ,peas ,fl\rs1 etc4 ,beans ,fruits ,l5tils ,prep>$ foods3 ,peanuts ,bread ,nuts ,crack]s ,mac>oni ,jellies ,dri$ fruits ,c&y ,milk ,fat foods ,m9]al foods ,cream ,fruits ,butt] ,vegetables3 ,l>d ,sp9a* ,suet ,tomatoes ,fat meats ,onions ,fi% ,turnip tops ,salad oil ,caulifl[] ,nuts ,c]eals3 ,*ocolate ,grits & o!r co>se prep>ations ,milk ,eggs ,*oice ( food4--,! diet mu/ be c>efully *os51 to give a ne$$ v>iety & to comb9e ! foods prop]ly s t "o may h a "r proportion ( all ! food-/uffs4 ,ea* meal %\ld conta9 "s prote9 food1 "s fats or c>bohydrates1 "s m9]al matt]1 & wat]4 ,all five =ms ( food-/uffs %\ld h a place 9 ! day's diet4 ,! great] "p ( ! wat] :i* ! body ne$s %\ld be tak5 betwe5 meals4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,review ! foods discuss$ 9 ! previ\s lessons & sum up ! classification ( foods1 be+ sure t ! pupils c "n common examples ( ea*4 ,discuss simple comb9ations = ! diff]5t meals1 us+ di%es already prep>$ 9 ! c\rse & creat+ an int]e/ 9 o!r recipes to be prep>$ 9 succe$+ lessons4 ,,black-,,bo>d ,,summ>y ,!re are five food pr9ciples3 #a4 ,wat]--builds & repairs ! tissues1 regulates ! sy/em-- f\nd 9 all food-/uffs4 #b4 ,m9]al matt]--builds & repairs ! tissues1 regulates ! sy/em-- f\nd 9 vegetables1 fruits1 c]eal1 & s on4 #c4 ,c>bohydrates--give heat & en]gy to ! body-- f\nd 9 sug> & />*es4 #d4 ,fats--give heat & en]gy to ! body-- f\nd 9 cream1 nuts1 pork1 & s on4 #e4 ,prote9--builds & repairs ! tissues-- f\nd 9 meat1 eggs1 *eese1 se$s4 ,always *oose a diet c>efully3 #a4 ,to give v>iety4 #b4 ,to comb9e ! foods prop]ly1 s t !y w conta9 adequate proportions ( ea* food-/uff at e meal4 ,,lesson ,,viii3 ,,! ,,plann+ ,,& ,,s]v+ ,,( ,,meals ,,subject-,,matt] ,exp]i5ce has %[n t "s foods are m acceptable at "o "t ( day ?an o!r foods1 & t c]ta9 comb9ations are m pleas+ ?an o!rs4 ,! *oice ( foods w also dep5d ^u ! season ( ! ye>4 ,= example1 breakfa/ is1 z a rule1 made up ( simple foods t are n highly season$ nor subject$ to elaborate me?ods ( cook+4 ,a fruit1 a c]eal1 & bread1 )1 possibly1 eggs or meat1 are s]v$ at breakfa/4 ,a hot bev]age is add$ by mo/ p to ?is meal4 ,fundam5tally1 d9n] consi/s ( a hot meat or o!r prote9 di%1 ) "o or two vegetables4 ,s\p1 salad1 & a sweet dess]t are (t5 s]v$4 ,! s\p is s]v$ be=e ! meat c\rse1 & ! salad & dess]t foll[ x4 ,! dess]t may be a fruit1 a cookie or o!r pa/ry1 a pudd+1 or a froz5 di%4 ,lun* or supp] may be a v simple meal1 consi/+ ( a s\p ) crack]s1 "o prote9 di% 7eggs1 milk1 or meat7 ) bread & /ew$ fruit1 or a salad1 ) a simple dess]t4 ,,examples ,,( ,,well-,,*os5 ,,m5us ,breakfa/ ,no4 ,i ,apple sauce ,sausage or bacon ,oatmeal ,toa/ ,no4 ,,ii ,bak$ apples ,eggs 9 ! %ell ,crack$ :eat ,corn muff9s ,no4 ,,iii ,/ew$ figs or b]ries ,poa*$ eggs ,corn-meal porridge ,toa/ ,note4--,eggs %\ld be omitt$ f ! breakfa/ m5u if !y are n *eap & easily obta9able4 ,d9n] ,no4 ,i ,pork *ops ,potatoes ,fri$ apples ,ma%$ turnips ,bread ,rice pudd+ ,no4 ,,ii ,beef or mutton /ew ,biscuits ,sp9a* or turnip tops ,corn/>* pudd+ ,no4 ,,iii ,bak$ beans ,grape sauce ,cabbage salad ,bread or biscuits ,supp] ,no4 ,i ,/ew$ apricots or o!r fruit ,:ole :eat bread ,butt]milk or sweet milk ,peanut cookies ,no4 ,,ii ,omelet ,cream$ potatoes ,bread ,fre% fruit ,no4 ,,iii ,cream ( c>rot s\p ,biscuits ,cottage *eese ,syrup ,! table %\ld always be neatly set1 ) individual places arrang$ = ea* "o :o is to p>take ( ! meal4 ,ea* place %\ld be wide en\gh = a plate1 ) a knife & spoon at ! "r & a =k at ! left side4 ,a tumbl] %\ld be plac$ at ! po9t ( ! knife & a napk9 at ! left ( ! =k4 ,ev]y?+ on ! table %\ld be p]fectly clean1 ! napk9 %\ld be neatly fold$1 & all ! articles %\ld be uni=mly arrang$1 9 ord] to give a neat appe>ance to ! table4 ,a fl[] or plant 9 ! c5tre w add to its attractiv5ess4 ,salt1 pepp]1 sug>1 v9eg>1 & any?+ ( ! k9d t may be ne$$ ) ! meal %\ld be arrang$ :]e x c be easily rea*$4 ,fre% wat] %\ld be p\r$ into ! tumbl]s j be=e ! meal is s]v$4 ,! bread1 butt]1 & s on1 may be put on ! table sev]al m9utes be=e ! meal is ann\nc$1 b ! hot di%es %\ld be plac$ imm$iately be=e ! family is seat$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,if ,lesson ,,vi1 entitl$ ,sett+ & ,cle>+ ! ,table z outl9$ 9 ! c\rse on ! ,c>e ( ! ,home has be5 giv51 ?is lesson may be devot$ to :at to s]ve & h[ to s]ve x1 or x may prec$e ! lesson on ,wait+ on ,table4 ,! mann] ( s]v+ may be demon/rat$ 9 ! next lesson1 9 connection ) ! c\rse on ! ,c>e ( ! ,home4 ,simple equipm5t = family s]vice w be requir$1 if ! =m ( s]v+ is to be tak5 up4 ,= class practice1 a table = f\r may be arrang$4 ,?is w necessitate a table-cov]1 f\r d9n] plates1 f\r bread-&-butt] plates1 f\r tumbl]s1 f\r cups & sauc]s1 f\r knives1 f\r =ks1 f\r teaspoons1 f\r napk9s1 a platt]1 "o s]v+ spoon1 & "o s]v+ =k4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss meal s]vice f ! /&po9t bo? ( *oice & comb9ation ( foods & ( ! me?od ( s]vice4 ,let ! class plan a meal1 !n g ?r\gh ! =m ( s]v+ t meal at table4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a table1 ! top ( a desk may be us$4 ,lat] 9 ! c\rse1 ! tea*] %\ld plan to comb9e ?is lesson ) "o on cook+ & h ! food s]v$4 ,9 ea* cook+ lesson1 sugge/ions = s]v+ ! food %\ld be made1 & ea* di% cook$ %\ld be c>efully s]v$4 ,int]e/ 9 ?is lesson may be increas$ by all[+ ! pupils to make orig9al m5us1 &1 if !y are hav+ "s lessons 9 draw+1 simple m5u c>ds may be plann$ & execut$4 ,,lesson ,,ix3 ,,milk ,c>e1 co/1 & food value ( milk4 ,value & use ( s\r milk--cottage *eese1 curdl$ milk4 ,rice or corn/>* pudd+ 7pla91 c>amel1 or *ocolate74 ,,subject-,,matt] ,milk conta9s all ! food-/uffs :i* ! body requires1 except />*1 &1 !re=e1 is capable ( su/a9+ life = comp>atively long p]iods4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ important prote9 foods2 b x conta9s s small a p]c5tage ( c>bohydrate 7milk sug>7 t = ! adult x mu/ be supplem5t$ ) c>bohydrate foods4 ,= ! baby1 milk is a p]fect food1 & x is a valuable adjunct to ! diet ( all *ildr54 ,"o qu>t ( milk %\ld be all[$ = ! diet ( ea* *ild daily1 aft] ! twelf? mon?2 & ! diet ( ! adult %\ld be supplem5t$ by ! use ( milk4 ,! greate/ c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 protect+ milk f du/ & dirt1 = x is easily contam9at$ & may be ! means ( c>ry+ disease g]ms to ! body4 ,! *anges :i* milk und]goes :5 s\r+ d n r5d] x h>mful4 ,= _m p butt]milk is m easy ( dige/ion ?an sweet milk1 because ( ! *anges produc$ by s\r+1 z well z ! abs5ce ( fat4 ,s\r milk is ( value 9 cook+1 produc+ a t5d] bread :i* c readily be made light by ! addition ( soda--"o teaspoonful ( soda to "o p9t ( s\r milk t has curdl$4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( *eese1 ! :ey is sep>at$ f ! curds1 ?us extract+ mo/ ( ! wat]1 sug>1 & m9]al matt]1 & leav+ a sub/ance ri* 9 prote9 & fat4 ,*eese is ( value 9 cook+1 = x increases ! food value ( ^? foods to :i* x is add$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] %\ld make inquiries a few days 9 advance1 to be sure t "o qu>t ( s\r milk c be secur$1 &1 :5 x is br\ght1 %e %\ld exam9e x to see t x is 9 prop] condition to make cottage *eese4 ,%e %\ld arrange to h ab\t "o qu>t ( sweet milk & su* o!r supplies z are necess>y = ! pudd+1 br\ght by ! pupils4 ,an opportunity may be af=d$ to discuss ! use ( left-ov] c]eal by ! prep>ation ( a rice pudd+1 if ! tea*] provides "s cold cook$ rice = ! lesson4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( cold rice1 ! corn/>* pudd+ may be prep>$4 ,,recipes ,cottage ,*eese ,heat s\r milk sl[ly until ! :ey rises to ! top1 p\r ! :ey (f1 put ! curd 9 a bag1 & let x drip = six h\rs )\t squeez+4 ,put ! curd into a b[l & break into f9e pieces ) a wood5 spoon2 season ) salt & mix into a pa/e ) a little cream or butt]4 ,m\ld into balls1 if desir$1 & keep 9 a cold place4 7,x is be/ :5 fre%47 ,rice ,pudd+ #a_/b c4 rice #b c4 milk #b eggs #a_/c c4 sug> #a_/h tsp4 salt #a_/b tsp4 vanilla ,scald ! milk 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,add ! prep>$ rice & cook until s(t4 ,beat ! egg-yolks1 sug>1 & salt toge!r until well mix$4 ,/ir into ! rice & cook = #c m9utes4 ,remove f ! heat & s]ve cold4 ,s]ves eight4 ,corn/>* ,pudd+ #a_/d c4 sug> #e tbsp4 corn/>*1 or #a_/b c4 fl\r #a tsp4 vanilla1 or o!r flav\r+ #c c4 milk #a egg ,mix ! sug> & corn/>* ?or\ghly4 ,add "o cup ( cold milk & /ir until smoo?4 ,heat ! rema9d] ( ! milk 9 a d\ble boil]2 add ! corn/>* mixture sl[ly1 /irr+ con/antly until x beg9s to ?ick54 ,cont9ue cook+ = #bj m9utes4 ,beat ! egg well1 add ! hot pudd+ sl[ly1 /ra91 & cool4 ,s]ve ) milk or cream & sug>4 7,! egg may be omitt$1 if desir$47 ,s]ves eight4 ,= *ocolate corn/>* pudd+1 use #a_/d cup ( sug> additional & two squ>es ( *ocolate4 ,melt ! *ocolate c>efully1 add ! sug>1 & add to ! corn/>* mixture4 ,= c>amel corn/>* pudd+1 use #a cup ( br[n sug> & #a_/b cup ( boil+ wat]4 ,heat ! sug> until x becomes a light-br[n liquid1 add ! boil+ wat]1 & /ir until ! sug> is all dissolv$4 ,let x cool2 !n add to ! corn/>* mixture4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,z soon z ! class meets1 demon/rate ! me?od ( mak+ cottage *eese4 ,%[ ! sep>ation ( curd & :ey1 by add+ v9eg> or lemon juice to sweet milk4 ,:ile ! *eese is dra9+1 make assignm5ts ( "w & h ! rice or corn/>* pudd+ made4 ,9 ?is lesson & 9 ^? foll[+ emphasize ! use ( prote9 foods4 ,discuss also ! food value ( skimm$ milk & s\r milk & ! purposes = :i* ^! may be us$ 9 cook+4 ,use ! cottage *eese & ! pudd+ = ! s*ool lun*4 ,,lesson ,x3 ,,s\ps ,cream s\ps4 ,cream ( c>rot1 potato1 or onion s\p1 gre5 pea s\p4 ,toa/1 cr\tons1 or crisp crack]s to s]ve ) s\p4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,cream s\ps4--,! /ra9$ pulp ( cook$ vegetables or legumes1 ) an equal portion ( ?9 :ite sauce1 is ! basis = cream s\ps4 ,! liquid = ! s\p may be all milk1 "p vegetable wat] & "p milk1 or all vegetable wat]4 ,a b9d+ ( fl\r is us$ to prev5t a sep>ation ( ! ?ick] & ! ?9n] p>ts ( ! s\p4 ,?is is comb9$ z = :ite sauce & is /irr$ into ! hot liquid j be=e ! s\p is to be s]v$4 ,! s\p %\ld be made 9 a d\ble boil] & kept 9 ?is ut5sil until x is s]v$4 ,f\r tablespoons ( fl\r to ea* qu>t ( s\p is a good proportion to use = ?ick5+ all vegetable s\ps t are n ( a />*y nature2 half t am\nt w be suffici5t = s\p prep>$ f a v />*y vegetable4 ,! value ( ! vegetable wat] %\ld be impress$ ^u ! pupils1 & x %\ld be po9t$ out t ^! s\ps are an excell5t way ( us+ ! cook+ wat] & any left-ov] vegetables4 ,f ^!1 attractive cream s\ps may be prep>$1 & a comb9ation ( flav\rs (t5 gives good results4 ,accompanim5ts4--,crisp crack]s1 cr\tons1 s\p /icks1 or bread /icks are s]v$ ) cream s\ps1 & are valuable because !y necessitate ?or\gh ma/ication1 ?us induc+ ! fl[ ( saliva & aid+ 9 ! dige/ion ( ! />*y +r$i5ts ( ! s\ps4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,z a basis = ! s\p1 ! tea*] %\ld secure a vegetable t ! pupils use 9 _! own homes1 & crack]s or bread to s]ve ) ! s\p4 ,if dri$ peas are us$1 !y %\ld be all[$ to soak ov]night & be put on to cook e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,x w be well to h ! cook+ ( ! c>rots begun be=e ! lesson p]iod4 ,if ! c>rots are cut up 9 small pieces1 !y w cook m quickly4 ,,recipes ,cream ( ,c>rot ,s\p #a c4 cook$ c>rots #b c4 vegetable wat] #b c4 milk #d tbsp4 fl\r #b tbsp4 butt] ,salt & pepp] to ta/e ,press ! vegetables ?r\gh a sieve or *op f9ely2 put ! vegetable wat] on to heat4 ,mix ! fl\r smoo?ly ) an equal measure ( milk & ?9 x ) a little m ( ! milk4 ,/ir into ! /eam+ liquid1 /irr+ con/antly until x ?ick5s4 ,/ir 9 ! butt]1 vegetable pulp1 & rema9+ milk4 ,season to ta/e & s]ve hot4 ,s]ves six4 ,cream ( ,potato ,s\p #a pt4 milk or milk & wat] #b tsp4 *opp$ onions #c potatoes #a tbsp4 butt] #a tbsp4 fl\r #a tsp4 salt #a_/h tsp4 pepp] #b tsp4 *opp$ p>sley ,put ! milk to heat 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,boil ! potatoes & onion toge!r until s(t1 !n rub ! liquid & pulp ?r\gh a /ra9] into ! hot milk4 ,b9d ) ! fl\r1 add ! season+s1 & s]ve hot4 ,s]ves f\r4 ,pea ,s\p #a c4 split peas #b-a_/b qt4 wat] #b tbsp4 *opp$ onion #c tbsp4 butt] #c tbsp4 fl\r #a-a_/b tsp4 salt #a_/h tsp4 pepp] #a pt4 milk ,wa% ! peas & soak !m ov]night 9 cold wat]1 dra9 & r9se ?or\ghly1 add #b-a_/b qu>ts ( cold wat] & ! onion1 cook sl[ly until s(t1 rub ! liquid & pulp ?r\gh a /ra9]1 & b9d ) ! fl\r4 ,add ! milk & ! season+s & s]ve hot4 ,s]ves six to eight4 ,toa/ ,cut /ale bread into slices "o qu>t] ( an in* ?ick2 put on ! toa/] or =k1 move g5tly ov] ! heat until dry1 !n br[n by plac+ ne> ! heat1 turn+ con/antly4 ,bread may be dri$ 9 ! ov5 be=e toa/+4 ,hot milk may be p\r$ ov] dry toa/4 ,cr\tons ,cut /ale bread into "o-half-in* cubes & br[n 9 ! ov54 ,crisp ,crack]s ,put ! crack]s into ! ov5 = a few m9utes1 or split & butt] ?ick crack]s1 & br[n 9 a hot ov52 s]ve ) s\p4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,devote a few m9utes to a discussion ( cream s\ps & a review ( ! cook+ ( vegetables & :ite sauce4 ,divide ! "w among ! memb]s ( ! class1 assign+ en\gh to ea* pupil to keep h] busy1 arrang+ ! "w s t ! s\p & its accompanim5ts w be ready = s]v+ at ! same "t4 ,,lesson ,,xi3 ,,eggs ,food value & g5]al rules = cook+ eggs4 ,cook$ 9 %ell1 poa*$1 scrambl$1 & omelet4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,eggs are a v valuable food1 because ( ! l>ge am\nt ( prote9 & fat !y conta94 ,?\gh lack+ 9 c>bohydrates1 !y furni% mat]ial = build+ up ! muscles & provide heat & en]gy to ! body4 ,if cook$ at a l[ temp]ature1 eggs are v easily & v completely dige/$4 ,comb9$ ) o!r foods1 !y s]ve z a ?ick5+ ag5t 7= sauces & s\ps7 & z a means ( mak+ batt]s light 7popov]s & sponge cake74 ,!y add flav\r & col\r & increase ! nutritive value ( o!r foods4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! lesson on eggs furni%es "o ( ! be/ opportunities to tea* ! muscle-build+ foods4 ,if eggs are sc>ce1 x may be well to give ?is lesson at "s o!r "t4 ,ea* pupil %\ld be ask$ to br+ an egg2 "o or two %\ld br+ a little milk2 & suffici5t bread %\ld be provid$ to toa/ = ! poa*$ eggs4 ,! tea*] %\ld n und]take to give too _m recipes 9 ?is lesson1 b %\ld try to make ! pupils famili> ) a suffici5t v>iety ( ways ( us+ eggs to make egg cook]y int]e/+4 ,! necessity ( hav+ a mod]ate temp]ature = ! cook+ ( eggs %\ld be emphasiz$4 ,,recipes ,s(t-cook$ ,eggs ,put ! eggs 9 boil+ wat] suffici5t to cov] !m1 remove f ! fire1 cov]1 & all[ !m to /& f #e to #h m9utes4 ,h>d-cook$ ,eggs ,put ! eggs 9 cold wat]1 heat1 &1 :5 ! wat] boils1 r$uce ! heat1 & let !m /& = #bj m9utes ) wat] j bel[ ! boil+-po9t1 !n put !m into cold wat]4 ,poa*$ ,eggs ,break ea* egg into a sauc] c>efully1 slip ! egg into boil+ wat]1 decrease ! heat1 & cook = #e m9utes1 or until ! :ite is firm & a film has =m$ ov] ! yolk4 ,take up ) a skimm]1 dra91 trim (f ! r\gh edges1 & s]ve on slices ( toa/4 ,season4 ,poa*$ eggs are attractive :5 cov]$ ) :ite sauce to :i* *opp$ p>sley has be5 add$4 ,bak$ ,eggs ,l9e a butt]$ bak+-di% ) butt]$ bread crumbs or ) cold ma%$ potatoes4 ,break ! eggs 9 ! di% )\t sep>at+ & add "o tablespoon ( milk or cream = ea* egg4 ,season ) salt & pepp] & spr9kle ) grat$ *eese1 if desir$4 ,bake 9 a mod]ate ov5 until ! eggs are set4 ,cream$ ,eggs #c h>d-boil$ eggs #f slices toa/ #a c4 m$ium :ite sauce ,prep>e a :ite sauce4 ,add h>d-boil$ eggs cut 9 halves1 slic$1 or *opp$ &1 :5 hot1 s]ve on toa/4 ,or sep>ate ! :ites & yolks1 *op ! :ites f9e1 add to ! :ite sauce &1 :5 hot1 s]ve on toa/ & g>ni% ) yolks run ?r\gh a sieve or ric]4 ,season ) salt & pepp]4 ,s]ves f\r to six4 ,creamy ,omelet #a egg #a_/d tsp4 salt ,pepp] #a_/b tsp4 butt] #a tbsp4 milk ,beat ! egg slightly1 add ! milk & season+s1 put ! butt] 9 ! hot omelet pan &1 :5 melt$1 turn 9 ! mixture4 ,z x cooks1 draw ! edges t[>d ! c5tre until ! :ole is ( a creamy consi/5cy1 br[n quickly und]nea?1 fold1 & turn on a hot platt]4 ,s]ve at once4 ,s]ves "o4 ,scrambl$ ,eggs ,d\ble ! quantity ( milk giv5 = ,creamy ,omelet & /ir all ! "t :ile cook+4 ,foamy ,omelet,a #a egg #a_/h tsp4 salt #a tbsp4 milk or wat] #a_/b tsp4 butt] ,cay5ne or :ite pepp] ,beat ! yolk ( ! egg until creamy1 add season+ & milk4 ,beat ! :ite until /iff1 b n dry1 cut & fold into ! yolk c>efully4 ,heat an omelet pan1 rub ! bottom & sides ) ! butt]1 & turn 9 ! omelet1 spread+ x ev5ly on ! pan4 ,cook g5tly ov] ! heat until ! omelet is set & ev5ly br[n$ und]nea?4 ,put x into a hot ov5 = a few m9utes1 to dry slightly on top1 fold1 & s]ve imm$iately4 ,s]ves "o4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,devote "o half ( ! class p]iod to a discussion ( ! /ructure ( ! egg & ! effect ( heat ^u x4 ,use simple exp]im5ts or wat* ! poa*$ egg1 to make a /udy ( ! *anges produc$ 9 ! egg by ! application ( heat4 ,if ! pupils are suffici5tly exp]i5c$1 let !m "w toge!r 9 small gr\ps1 fir/ scrambl+ an egg1 !n mak+ an omelet4 ,demon/rate ! cook+ ( ! omelet be=e ! entire class4 ,s]ve ! egg di%es c>efully :ile hot4 ,a ,! omelet recipes giv5 are = individual portions4 ,to make a l>ge omelet1 multiply ! quantity ( ea* +r$i5t by ! numb] ( eggs us$4 ,! be/ results w be obta9$ by mak+ an omelet ( n m ?an f\r eggs1 z l>g] omelets are difficult to cook ?or\ghly & to h&le well4 ,a two-egg omelet w s]ve ?ree p4 ,a f\r-egg omelet w s]ve six p4 ,,lesson ,,xii3 ,,simple ,,dess]ts--,,cu/>ds ,,subject-,,matt] ,a cu/>d is a comb9ation ( eggs & milk1 usually sweet5$ & flav\r$1 & ei!r /eam$1 or bak$ z cup cu/>d1 or cook$ 9 a d\ble boil] z s(t cu/>d4 ,! :ole egg may be us$ or ! yolks alone4 ,! yolks make a smoo!r1 ri*] cu/>d4 ,! eggs mu/ be ?or\ghly mix$1 b n beat5 light1 ! sug> & salt add$1 & ! milk scald$ & /irr$ 9 sl[ly4 ,! cu/>d mu/ be /ra9$ ?r\gh a f9e sieve & cook$ at a mod]ate temp]ature4 ,x is desirable to /ra9 a cu/>d1 9 ord] to remove ! cords & pieces ( ! membrane :i* inclos$ ! yolk4 ,! cup cu/>d %\ld be /ra9$ be=e cook+1 ! s(t cu/>d may be /ra9$ aft]w>ds4 ,a s(t cu/>d is cook$ ov] wat] & is /irr$ con/antly until done4 ,:5 done1 ! fro? disappe>s f ! surface1 ! cu/>d is ?ick5$ & coats ! spoon & sides ( ! pan1 & !re is no sign ( curdl+4 ,if ! cu/>d is cook$ too long1 x becomes curdl$4 ,if x becomes curdl$1 put x into a pan ( cold wat] & beat until smoo?4 ,a /eam$ or bak$ cu/>d is done :5 x becomes set & :5 a silv] knife w come out clean aft] cutt+ x4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,?is lesson w furni% an opportunity = a review ( milk & eggs4 ,! pupils %\ld arrange to br+ ! necess>y mat]ials f _! homes4 ,,recipes ,/eam$ ,cu/>ds #a qt4 milk 7heat$7 #d eggs or #h egg yolks #a_/b c4 sug> #a_/d tsp4 salt #b tbsp4 c>amel or #a_/b tsp4 nutmeg ,beat ! eggs suffici5tly to mix !m ?or\ghly2 add ! sug>1 salt1 & hot milk sl[ly4 ,/ra9 into cups1 flav\r ) c>amel1 or spr9kle nutmeg on top1 & /eam until firm ov] g5tly boil+ wat]--f #bj to #cj m9utes4 ,bak$ ,cu/>ds ,prep>e z = ,/eam$ ,cu/>ds1 set 9 a pan ( hot wat]1 & bake 9 a sl[ ov5 until firm--f #bj to #dj m9utes4 ,*ocolate ,cu/>ds ,use ! recipe = ,/eam$ ,cu/>ds1 add+ #a ounce ( *ocolate 7melt$7 to ! hot milk4 ,/eam or bake z desir$4 ,s(t ,cu/>d #a pt4 milk 7heat$7 #d egg yolks #a_/af tsp4 salt #a_/b tsp4 vanilla extract #d tbsp4 sug> ,beat ! egg yolks suffici5tly to mix !m ?or\ghly1 add ! sug>1 salt1 & hot milk sl[ly4 ,cook ov] wat] t is boil+ g5tly4 ,/ir con/antly until ! cu/>d ?ick5s4 ,/ra94 ,flav\r :5 cool4 ,= s(t ,*ocolate ,cu/>d add #a_/b ounce *ocolate 7melt$7 to ! hot milk4 ,s]ves six4 ,float+ ,isl& ,use recipe = ,s(t ,cu/>d &1 :5 cold1 g>ni% ) a m]+ue made accord+ to ! foll[+ recipe3 ,m]+ue #d egg :ites #a_/d c4 p[d]$ sug> ,beat ! egg :ites v light1 add p[d]$ sug>1 & cont9ue beat+4 ,drop 9 l>ge spoonfuls on ! cold cu/>d4 ,s]ves eight to t54 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,x may be possible to tea* two or ?ree recipes 9 ?is lesson4 ,! bak$ cu/>d may be put into ! ov5 :ile ! s(t cu/>d or float+ isl& is be+ made4 ,s]ve at ! s*ool lun*4 ,,lesson ,,xiii3 ,,batt]s ,,& ,,d\ghs ,griddle ,cakes ,,subject-,,matt] ,batt]s4--,batt]s are mixtures ( fl\r or meal & a liquid1 ) salt or sug> to give flav\r1 butt] to make t5d]1 & /eam1 air1 or gas to make light4 ,"o scant measure ( liquid is us$ ) "o measure ( fl\r = ?91 or p\r1 batt]4 ,"o measure ( liquid is us$ ) two measures ( fl\r = a ?ick1 or drop1 batt]4 ,"o measure ( liquid is us$ ) ?ree measures ( fl\r = a s(t1 or bread1 d\gh4 ,"o measure ( liquid is us$ ) f\r measures ( fl\r = a /iff1 or pa/ry1 d\gh4 ,be=e mix+ a batt]1 ! ov5 or griddle %\ld be at ! prop] temp]ature1 ) ! fire well regulat$ & 9 good condition4 ,! ov5 %\ld be te/$ by putt+ 9 a piece ( :ite pap] or two tablespoonfuls ( fl\r1 :i* %\ld br[n 9 ?ree m9utes4 ,! pans %\ld be prep>$ by greas+ ) l>d1 salt pork1 or beef dripp+4 ,all ! mat]ials %\ld be measur$ & ready be=e beg9n+ to comb9e ! +r$i5ts4 ,:5 ! batt] has be5 mix$ & beat5 until smoo?1 x %\ld be bak$ at once4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] w be bett] prep>$ to give ! lesson on batt]s if %e fir/ makes h]self famili> ) ! k9ds ( breads t are us$ 9 ! homes ( ! pupils & ! me?ods foll[$ 9 _! prep>ation4 ,! simple1 g5]al me?ods ( prep>+ batt]s %\ld be taught4 ,! tea*] %\ld n attempt ! prep>ation ( m ?an "o or two batt]s 9 ?is lesson4 ,,recipes ,s\r-milk ,griddle ,cakes #b-a_/b c4 fl\r #a_/b tsp4 salt #a-a_/d tsp4 soda #a egg #b c4 s\r milk ,mix & sift ! fl\r1 salt1 & soda2 add ! s\r milk & egg well beat54 ,drop1 by spoonfuls1 on a greas$ hot griddle2 cook on "o side4 ,:5 puff$ full ( bubbles & cook$ on ! edges1 turn1 & cook on ! o!r side4 ,s]ve ) butt] & maple syrup4 ,sweet-milk ,griddle ,cakes #c c4 fl\r #a-a_/b tbsp4 bak+-p[d] #a tsp4 salt #a_/d c4 sug> #b c4 milk #a egg #b tbsp4 melt$ butt] ,mix & sift ! dry +r$i5ts1 beat ! egg1 add ! milk1 & p\r on ! fir/ mixture4 ,beat ?or\ghly & add ! butt]4 ,cook ! same z ,s\r-milk ,griddle ,cakes4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,discuss batt]s briefly4 ,h all measurem5ts made1 ! fire regulat$1 ! pans prep>$1 & s on4 ,demon/rate ! mix+ & cook+ ( ,griddle ,cakes4 ,s]ve ! cakes da9tily aft] !y are cook$4 ,,lesson ,,xiv3 ,,batt]s ,,& ,,d\ghs--,cont9u$ ,muff9s--,bak+-p[d] ,biscuits ,,subject-,,matt] ,me?ods ( mak+ batt]s light4--,batt]s are made light by beat+ air into !m1 by add+ eggs into :i* air has be5 beat51 or by entangl+ gas 9 ! batt]4 ,gas is secur$ by us+ soda & s\r milk 9 a batt] 7"o teaspoon ( soda to "o p9t ( s\r milk71 or soda ) molasses 7"o teaspoon ( soda to "o cup ( molasses71 or soda ) cream ( t>t> 7"o teaspoon ( soda ) two slightly r\nd+ teaspoons ( cream ( t>t>74 ,! soda %\ld be mix$ well ) ! o!r dry +r$i5ts1 !n ! s\r milk or molasses add$1 ! :ole beat5 up quickly1 & bak$ at once4 ,bak+-p[d] is a prep>ation conta9+ soda & cream ( t>t>1 & may be us$ 9 place ( soda if sweet milk is us$4 ,two level teaspoonfuls ( bak+-p[d] %\ld be us$ ) "o cup ( fl\r4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,?is lesson is a cont9uation ( ! lesson on batt]s4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to und]take m ?an c be done well 9 ! "t available4 ,,recipes ,graham ,muff9s #a c4 graham fl\r #a c4 fl\r #a_/d c4 sug> #a tsp4 salt #a c4 milk #a egg #a tbsp4 melt$ butt] #d tsp4 bak+-p[d] ,mix & sift ! dry +r$i5ts4 ,gradually add ! milk1 ! egg well-beat51 & ! melt$ butt]4 ,bake 9 a hot ov5 9 greas$ gem pans = #be m9utes4 ,pla9 ,muff9s #a_/d c4 butt] #a_/d c4 sug> #a egg #c_/d c4 milk #b c4 fl\r #c tsp4 bak+-p[d] ,cream ! butt]1 add ! sug> & egg well beat51 sift ! bak+-p[d] ) ! fl\r1 & add to ! fir/ mixture1 alt]nat+ ) ! milk4 ,bake 9 greas$ gem pans = #be m9utes4 ,bak+-p[d] ,biscuits #b c4 fl\r #d tsp4 bak+-p[d] #a tsp4 salt #b tbsp4 fat #c_/d to #a c4 milk or wat] ,sift ! dry +r$i5ts toge!r1 *op ! fat into ! fl\r ) a knife1 sl[ly add suffici5t milk to make a d\gh n too s(t to be h&l$4 ,toss & roll ! d\gh g5tly on a slightly-fl\r$ bo>d & cut into small biscuits4 ,moi/5 ! tops ) a little milk4 ,h&le ! d\gh quickly1 lightly1 & z little z possible4 ,place on a butt]$ %eet4 ,bake 9 a hot ov5 till br[n--f #ab to #ae m9utes4 ,ei!r :ite or :ole :eat fl\r may be us$ = ! biscuits4 ,s]ves six to eight4 ,ov5 te/--! ov5 %\ld be hot en\gh to col\r a piece ( unglaz$ :ite pap] to a gold5 br[n 9 "o m9ute4 ,soda ,biscuits #b c4 fl\r #a_/b tsp4 soda 7scant7 #a_/b tsp4 salt #a c4 s\r milk 7scant7 #b tbsp4 %ort5+ 7l>d or o!r fat7 ,proce$ z = ,bak+-p[d] ,biscuits4 ,if ! s\r milk is n ?ick en\gh to curdle1 x w n conta9 suffici5t acid to neutralize ! soda1 & ! biscuits w be yell[ & bitt]4 ,to avoid ?is1 cream ( t>t> may be mix$ ) ! soda 7#a teaspoonful74 ,if !re is no cream ( t>t> at h&1 x w be wise to use ! recipe = ,bak+-p[d] ,biscuits4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,h ! ov5 & pans prep>$ & all ! measurem5ts made4 ,demon/rate ! mix+ ( ! muff9s &1 :ile ^! are bak+1 ! mix+ ( ! biscuits4 ,h "o pupil take *>ge ( ! bak+ ( ! muff9s & ano!r ( ! bak+ ( ! biscuits4 ,:5 ! breads are done1 h ! class sit d[n & s]ve !m to "o ano!r1 or to all ! pupils at ! s*ool lun* h\r4 ,,lesson ,,xv3 ,,meats ,composition & food value4 ,h[ to make t\gh cuts ( meat palatable4 ,pork *ops ) fri$ apples4 ,beef or mutton /ew ) vegetables & dumpl+s4 ,rabbit /ew4 ,bacon4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,meats are ri* 9 prote9 & usually 9 fats1 b are lack+ 9 ! c>bohydrates4 ,!y build up ! muscul> tissue1 furni% heat & en]gy1 are m /imulat+ & /r5g!n+ ?an any o!r food1 & satisfy hung] = a great] l5g? ( "t4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 meats are a v exp5sive food4 ,"o _c p]=m m lab\r by ! use ( a meat diet ?an on a diet ( vegetable foods4 ,^? :o use l>ge quantities ( meat suff] f _m di/urbances ( ! sy/em4 ,h5ce x %\ld =m a v small "p ( ! diet4 ,! cuts ( meat t come f ^? portions ( ! animal's body t are mu* ex]cis$ are t\gh1 ow+ to ! developm5t ( ! connective tissues1 b !y conta9 a high p]c5tage ( nutrition4 ,= ! same reason1 ! meat f old] animals is apt to be t\gh4 ,! fle% ( *ick5s1 turkeys1 & o!r f[ls is v nutriti\s & is easily dige/$ if n too fat4 ,! flav\r ( meats is develop$ by cook+4 ,dry heat develops ! be/ flav\r1 h5ce ! t5d] cuts are cook$ by ! processes kn[n z broil+ & roa/+4 ,t\gh cuts ( meat require long1 sl[ cook+ 9 moi/ heat1 h5ce !y are prep>$ 9 ! =m ( /ews & pot roa/s or are us$ 9 meat s\ps4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,aft] ! tea*] has f\nd out :at meats are us$ 9 ! homes or :at ! s*ool c af=d to use1 %e %\ld det]m9e ^u a me?od ( cook+ t w make ! meat palatable1 dige/ible1 & attractive4 ,if x c be prep>$ z a /ew1 %e %\ld use a recipe 9 :i* vegetables are also us$ &1 if possible1 h dumpl+s prep>$ to s]ve ) ! meat1 z a review ( ! lesson on batt]s4 ,,recipes ,beef or ,mutton ,/ew #b lb4 beef or mutton #a qt4 wat] ,salt1 pepp]1 fl\r to dr$ge #a onion1 cut 9 slices #a_/b c4 turnip cut 9 dice #c_/d c4 c>rot cut 9 dice #d potatoes cut 9 #a_/b-;in* slices #a tsp4 salt #a_/d tsp4 pepp] #a_/b c4 fl\r #a_/d c4 cold wat] ,remove ! fat & cut ! meat into #a-;in* pieces4 ,res]ve half ( ! be/ pieces ( meat1 put ! re/ ( ! meat & ! bone into cold wat]1 soak = "o h\r1 !n heat until x bubbles4 ,season half ! raw meat & roll x 9 ! fl\r1 melt ! fat 9 a fry+-pan1 remove ! scraps1 br[n ! slic$ onion & !n ! fl\r$ meat 9 ! hot fat1 add bo? to ! /ew1 & cook = #b h\rs at a l[ temp]ature4 ,to ?is add ! vegetables & cook #a_/b h\r2 !n add ! fl\r & season+s1 :i* h be5 mix$ ) "o-half cup ( cold wat]1 & cook = #a_/b h\r long]1 until ! meat & vegetables are t5d]4 ,remove ! bone f ! /ew & s]ve4 ,s]ves six to eight4 ,rabbit ,if beef & mutton are n commonly us$ & are n readily obta9able1 b rabbit c be secur$1 sub/itute rabbit = beef 9 ! /ew4 ,aft] ! rabbit has be5 ?or\ghly clean$1 cut up 9 eight pieces 7f\r leg & f\r body pieces71 season1 & dr$ge ) fl\r1 br[n 9 ! fat1 & proce$ z ) ,beef ,/ew4 ,dumpl+s #b c4 fl\r #d tsp4 bak+-p[d] #a_/b tsp4 salt #b tbsp4 fat 7l>d or butt]7 #c_/d c4 milk or wat] 7ab\t7 ,sift ! dry +r$i5ts toge!r1 cut 9 ! butt]1 & add ! milk gradually1 to make a s(t d\gh4 ,roll out on a fl\r$ bo>d1 cut ) a biscuit cutt]1 lay on top ( meat 9 a /ew pan 7!y %\ld n s9k into ! liquid71 cov] ! kettle closely1 keep ! /ew boil+1 & cook ! dumpl+s = #aj m9utes )\t remov+ ! lid4 7,d n put ! dumpl+s 9 to cook until ! meat is t5d]47 ,note4--,if desir$1 ! roll+ may be elim9at$ &1 aft] mix+1 ! d\gh may be dropp$ by spoonfuls into ! /ew4 ,to ,cook ,bacon ,place ?9 slices ( bacon f :i* ! r9d has be5 remov$ 9 a hot fry+-pan1 & p\r (f ! fat z fa/ z x melts4 ,cook until ! bacon is crisp & br[n1 turn+ frequ5tly4 ,ano!r me?od ( cook+ is to lay ! bacon on a rack 9 a bak+-pan & bake 9 a hot ov5 until crisp & br[n4 ,pork ,*ops ,wipe ! *ops ) a damp clo?1 & place 9 a hot fry+-pan4 ,turn frequ5tly at fir/ & cook sl[ly until well br[n$ on ea* side4 ,spr9kle ) salt & pepp]4 ,fri$ ,apples ,wa% & core ! apples & slice to ! c5tre4 ,roll 9 fl\r if v juicy4 ,aft] ! *ops h be5 remov$ f ! pan1 lay ! apples 9 & cook till t5d]4 ,s]ve ar\nd ! *ops4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,if ! meat is to require two or ?ree h\rs' cook+1 arrange to h ! lesson divid$ & giv5 at two p]iods ?r\gh ! day4 ,half an h\r be=e op5+ ! morn+ session or a portion ( ! morn+ or noon recess may be suffici5t "t to put ! meat on to cook & to prep>e ! vegetables4 ,:5 ! second class p]iod is call$1 ! vegetables %\ld be add$ to ! p>tially cook$ meat & ! dumpl+s %\ld be made4 ,x w\ld be well to s]ve ! complet$ di% at ! lun* p]iod4 ,!re %\ld be z mu* discussion reg>d+ ! k9ds ( meat1 _! food value1 & ! me?ods ( cook+ z "t p]mits2 b x may be necess>y to complete ?is discussion at "s o!r class p]iod4 ,%\ld x be possible = ! tea*] to give additional lessons on meat1 x might be well to devote "o lesson to ! prep>ation & cook+ ( p\ltry1 directions = :i* may be secur$ f any reliable cook-book4 ,,lesson ,,xvi3 ,,bak$ ,,pork ,,& ,,beans--,,bak+-,,p[d] ,,biscuits ,,subject-,,matt] ,peas1 beans1 & l5tils :i* are dri$ = m>ket conta9 a high p]c5tage ( prote91 c>bohydrate1 & m9]al matt]4 ,!y =m an excell5t sub/itute = meat & are mu* *eap] 9 price4 ,! dige/ion ( legum9\s foods proce$s sl[ly1 involv+ a l>ge am\nt ( "w3 on ?is acc\nt !y are n desirable = invalids1 b !y are satisfactory = ^? :o are well & active4 ,! dri$ legumes mu/ be soak$ ov]night 9 wat] & !n cook$ = a long "t1 9 ord] to s(t5 ! cellulose & develop ! flav\r4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x w be necess>y to plan ?is lesson sev]al days 9 advance1 if ! beans are to be bak$4 ,z !y w be prep>$ & put on to bake be=e ! lesson p]iod1 ! ,bak+-p[d] ,biscuits may be made dur+ ! lesson1 to s]ve ) !m4 ,,recipe ,bo/on ,bak$ ,beans #a qt4 navy beans #a tbsp4 salt #a_/b tbsp4 mu/>d #c tbsp4 sug> #b tbsp4 molasses #a c4 boil+ wat] #a_/b lb4 fat salt pork ,boil+ wat] to cov] ,look ov] ! beans & soak !m 9 cold wat] ov]night4 ,9 ! morn+ dra91 cov] ) fre% wat]1 & simm] !m until ! sk9s w bur/1 b d n let ! beans become brok54 ,scald "o-half p\nd ( fat salt pork4 ,scrape ! pork4 ,put a slice 9 ! bottom ( ! bean pot4 ,cut ! rema9+ pork across ! top 9 /rips j ?r\gh ! r9d1 & bury ! pork 9 beans1 leav+ ! r9d expos$4 ,add "o cup ( boil+ wat] to season+s & p\r ov] ! beans4 ,cov] ) boil+ wat]4 ,bake sl[ly1 add+ m wat] z necess>y4 ,bake f #f to #h h\rs1 uncov] at ! la/1 s t ! wat] w evaporate & ! beans br[n on top4 ,s]ves twelve4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,h ! beans wa%$ & put to soak ! night be=e ! lesson is to be giv54 ,assign to "o ( ! pupils ! task ( putt+ !m on to simm] e>ly ! next morn+4 ,call ! class toge!r = a few mom5ts :5 ! beans are ready to bake4 ,assign "o ( ! pupils to att5d to ! fire & ! ov54 ,let ! beans bake all day4 ,if ! lesson is to be giv5 late 9 ! aft]noon1 ! beans may be ready to s]ve1 or ! cook+ may be cont9u$ on ! second day & ! lesson complet$ !n4 ,x w\ld be well to s]ve ! di% at ! lun* p]iod4 ,h ! biscuits prep>$ to s]ve ) ! bak$ beans4 ,,lesson ,,xvii3 ,,butt] ,,cakes--,,pla9 ,,yell[ ,,cake--,,cocoa--,,c(fee--,,tea ,,subject-,,matt] ,cakes4--,cakes made ) fat resemble o!r batt]s1 except t ! fat1 sug>1 & eggs are usually l>g] 9 am\nt & ! texture ( ! bak$ batt] is f9] & m t5d]4 ,:5 prep>+ cake1 fir/ get ! pans ready4 ,grease !m or l9e !m ) greas$ pap]4 ,make sure t ! ov5 is at ! prop] temp]ature4 ,= a small cake1 ! ov5 %\ld be hot en\gh to br[n a piece ( unglaz$ pap] or a tablespoonful ( fl\r 9 ?ree m9utes4 ,bake a small cake f tw5ty to ?irty m9utes4 ,:5 done1 ! cake w %r9k f ! sides ( ! pan2 ! cru/ w spr+ back :5 t\*$ ) ! f+]2 ! l\d tick+ s\nd w cease2 a f9e knitt+-ne$le w come out clean if ! cake is pi]c$2 & ! cru/ w be nicely br[n$4 ,:5 ! cake is remov$ f ! ov51 let x /& 9 ! pan = ab\t ?ree m9utes1 !n loos51 & turn out g5tly4 ,d n h&le :ile hot4 ,keep 9 a clean1 v5tilat$ t9 box 9 a cool1 dry place4 ,cocoa4--,*ocolate & cocoa are prep>$ f ! bean ( a tropical tree4 ,?is bean is ri* 9 prote91 fat1 c>bohydrate1 m9]al matt]1 & a /imulant call$ !obrom9e4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( *ocolate ! se$s are clean$1 mill$1 & cru%$ into a pa/e4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( cocoa mu* ( ! fat is remov$1 & ! cocoa is pack$ = m>ket 9 ! =m ( a f9e p[d]4 ,cocoa is m easily dige/$ ?an *ocolate1 because x conta9s less fat4 ,?\gh ! am\nt ( cocoa us$ 9 a cup ( ?is bev]age is n l>ge1 :5 prep>$ ) milk x s]ves z a nutriti\s food4 ,x is slightly /imulat+ z well1 because ( ! !obrom9e pres5t & because x is s]v$ hot4 ,c(fee & ,tea4--,c(fee & tea h no food value :5 prep>$ z bev]ages4 ,!y conta9 /imulat+ prop]ties t are h>mful to ! body if tak5 9 l>ge quantities &1 on ?is acc\nt1 !y %\ld be us$ ) discretion4 ,!y %\ld nev] be giv5 to *ildr5 or to ^? tr\bl$ ) indige/ion4 ,if c>elessly prep>$1 bo? c(fee & tea may be decid$ly h>mful to ! body4 ,c(fee %\ld n be boil$ = m ?an eight m9utes4 ,tea %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to boil4 ,fre%1 boil+ wat] %\ld be p\r$ on ! leaves & left = ?ree m9utes4 ,x %\ld !n be /ra9$ (f & kept hot until us$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,x may be wise to give ?is lesson on "s special occasion1 z x is well adapt$ to s]ve = ! refre%m5ts = a "m's club or a little class p>ty4 ,,recipes ,pla9 ,yell[ ,cake #a_/b c4 butt] #a c4 sug> #b eggs #a_/b c4 milk #b tsp4 bak+-p[d] #a-a_/b c4 fl\r #a tsp4 spice or #a-a_/b tsp4 flav\r+ ,cream ! butt]1 add ! sug> gradually1 & mix well4 ,add ! well-beat5 yolks ( eggs1 !n ! fl\r & bak+-p[d] alt]nately ) ! milk4 ,!n add ! flav\r+ & cut & fold 9 ! :ites ( ! eggs c>efully4 ,turn into butt]$ pans & bake at once 9 a mod]ately hot ov54 ,= *ocolate cake1 #b ounces ( melt$ *ocolate may be add$ aft] ! yolks ( ! eggs4 ,s]ves sixte5 to tw5ty4 ,g+]bread #a_/d c4 butt] #a_/b c4 br[n sug> #a egg #a_/b c4 molasses #a_/b c4 milk 7s\r if possible7 #a_/b tsp4 soda #a-c_/d c4 fl\r #a tsp4 g+] #a_/b tsp4 c9namon ,salt ,cream ! butt]1 add ! sug> gradually1 !n a well-beat5 egg4 ,add ! molasses4 ,sift all ! dry +r$i5ts toge!r & add alt]nately ) ! milk4 ,bake 9 a butt]$ t9 or 9 gem pans 9 a mod]ate ov5 = #be or #ce m9utes4 ,s]ves eight to t54 ,cocoa #a_/d c4 cocoa #a_/d c4 sug> #a c4 wat] #c c4 milk ,mix ! cocoa & sug> ) ! wat] & boil f #c to #e m9utes4 ,/ir into ! hot milk & s]ve at once4 ,if a scum =ms1 beat ) a ,dov] egg-beat]4 ,s]ves eight to t54 ,tea #a tsp4 gre5 or #b tsp4 black tea #b c4 boil+ wat] 7fre%ly boil+7 ,scald ! tea-pot1 put ! tea 9 ! tea-pot1 & p\r boil+ wat] ov] x2 /eep #c m9utes1 /ra91 & s]ve4 ,s]ves f\r4 ,c(fee ,take two tablespoonfuls ( gr\nd c(fee = ea* cup ( boil+ wat] t is to be us$4 ,put ! c(fee 9 ! c(fee-pot & add en\gh cold wat] to moi/5 ! c(fee & make x /ick toge!r--ab\t "o teaspoonful ( wat] to ea* tablespoonful ( c(fee4 ,p\r ! boil+ wat] ov] ! c(fee & boil x = #c m9utes4 ,place x :]e x w keep hot1 b n boil1 = #e m9utes or m1 & !n s]ve4 ,if a small am\nt ( egg :ite & %ell is mix$ ) ! c(fee gr\nds & cold wat]1 x w aid 9 cl>ify+ & settl+ ! c(fee4 ,note4--,! recipes = c(fee & tea are giv51 s t ! tea*] c discuss _! prep>ation ) ! pupils & comp>e _! value ) t ( cocoa4 ,if c(fee & tea are bo? commonly us$ 9 ! homes1 x may be well to h ! pupils prep>e bo? 9 ! class1 to be sure t !y und]/& h[ to make !m prop]ly4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,beg9 ! lesson p]iod ) a discussion ( ! me?ods ( prep>+ cakes1 & put ! cake 9 ! ov5 z soon z possible4 ,:ile x is bak+1 prep>e ! cocoa4 ,if ! cocoa is n to be s]v$ = "s "t1 x c be kept hot or re-heat$ ov] hot wat]4 ,,lesson ,,xviii3 ,,yea/ ,,bread ,,subject-,,matt] ,yea/ bread is made light by ! pres5ce ( a gas produc$ by ! action ( yea/ 9 ! sponge or d\gh4 ,yea/ is a microscopic plant :i* gr[s 9 a moi/1 w>m temp]ature & fe$s on />*y mat]ials su* z are pres5t 9 :eat4 ,a portion ( ! />* is conv]t$ into sug> 7?us develop+ new & pleasant flav\rs71 & "s is /ill fur!r *ang$1 giv+ (f ! gas ^u :i* ! lightness ( ! bread dep5ds4 ,if ! yea/ is all[$ to "w = too long a "t or ! temp]ature is v hot1 a s\r+ ( ! d\gh may result4 ,?is s\r+ c be prev5t$ by knead+ ! d\gh ?or\ghly1 z soon z x has ris5 well or d\bl$ 9 bulk1 or by putt+ x 9 a v hot ov5 to bake1 :5 x has rea*$ ?is /age4 ,! yea/ plant ?rives 9 a heat ( ab\t ! same temp]ature z our bodies4 ,a little extra heat w only make x m active1 b boil+ temp]ature w kill x4 ,cold makes yea/ inactive1 ?\gh x does n kill ! plants4 ,yea/ develops 9 a natural /ate on hops & o!r plants4 ,x is prep>$ = m>ket 9 ! =m ( dry or moi/ cakes4 ,! latt] mu/ be kept v cold4 ,= home use1 a liquid yea/ is (t5 prep>$ f ! dry cakes4 ,?is has ! advantage ( be+ m active4 ,:5 ! yea/ has be5 add$ to a batt]1 x is spok5 ( z a sponge4 ,:5 ! batt] has _h en\gh fl\r add$1 s t x may be h&l$1 x is call$ a d\gh4 ,if ! bread is to be made 9 a few h\rs1 ! yea/ is made up at once into a d\gh4 ,if x is to /& ov]night1 a sponge is (t5 made fir/4 ,m yea/ is requir$ = quick ris+4 ,9 ord9>y circum/ances1 "o yea/ cake is suffici5t = "o qu>t ( liquid4 ,?or\gh knead+ & bak+ are bo? ess5tial to ! success ( ! bread4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,arrange to h ! class meet ! aft]noon be=e1 9 ord] to beg9 ! process by mak+ ! sponge1 & to come e>ly 9 ! morn+ to c>e = ! d\gh4 ,beg9 ! /udy ( fl\r1 yea/1 & bread 9 a previ\s class p]iod1 correlat+ ! "w ) geography1 nature /udy1 or "s o!r subject4 ,ei!r :ite or :ole-:eat fl\r may be us$ = ! breads4 ,,recipes ,bread 7,prep>$ ) dry yea/7 #a dry yea/ cake #a c4 w>m wat] #a c4 fl\r #a qt4 wat] or milk 7scald$7 ,fl\r en\gh to make a s(t d\gh #b tsp4 salt #b tbsp4 sug> #b tbsp4 l>d or butt] ,at noon put a dry yea/ cake to soak 9 a cup ( w>m wat]4 ,:5 x is s(t1 add a cup ( fl\r1 cov]1 & put 9 a w>m place to gr[ light4 ,?is w require sev]al h\rs4 ,9 ! ev5+1 :5 ready to beg9 ! d\gh1 mix ! salt1 sug>1 fat1 & hot liquid 9 a l>ge b[l2 :5 lukew>m1 add ! cup ( light yea/ & en\gh fl\r to knead 7ab\t ?ree qu>ts74 ,mix ?or\ghly & knead x into a smoo? d\gh1 & cont9ue ?is process until x is s(t & ela/ic4 ,return ! d\gh to ! b[l1 moi/51 cov]1 & set 9 a mod]ately w>m place = ! night4 ,be sure t ! place is free f draughts4 ,9 ! morn+ knead slightly2 divide into loaves or %ape 9 rolls2 put into pans = bak+2 cov]1 & let x rise until d\ble 9 bulk4 ,bake l>ge loaves f #ej to #fj m9utes4 ,rolls w bake 9 f #be to #ce m9utes1 = !y require a hott] ov54 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t all yea/ breads be ?or\ghly cook$4 7,makes #d loaves47 7,"t requir$ = mak+ bread ) dry yea/1 f #af to #bj h\rs47 ,bread 7,prep>$ ) compress$ yea/7 #b c4 milk or wat] 7scald$7 #b tsp4 salt #b tsp4 sug> #a tbsp4 l>d or butt] #a_/d cake compress$ yea/ 7#a cake if set 9 morn+7 #a_/d c4 wat] 7lukew>m7 ,fl\r1 :ite or :ole :eat ,put ! hot wat] or milk1 salt1 sug>1 & fat 9 a b[l2 :5 lukew>m1 & ! yea/ s(t5$ 9 ! lukew>m wat]1 !n ! fl\r gradually &1 :5 /iff en\gh to h&le1 turn ! d\gh out on a fl\r$ bo>d & knead until s(t & ela/ic 7#bj m9utes74 ,return ! d\gh to ! b[l1 moi/51 cov]1 & let x rise 9 a w>m place until d\ble 9 bulk2 !n knead slightly1 divide into loaves or %ape into rolls1 cov]1 & let rise 9 ! pan 9 :i* !y are to be bak$ until d\ble 9 bulk1 & bake f #ej to #fj m9utes4 7,makes #b loaves47 7,"t requir$ = mak+ bread1 if "o cake ( compress$ yea/ is us$1 #f h\rs47 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,if ! class is l>ge1 prep>e two or ?ree b[ls ( sponge1 s t all c h "s practice 9 /irr+ & knead+4 ,d n make too l>ge a quantity ( bread to bake 9 ! ov51 unless arrangem5ts c be made to d "s ( ! bak+ at ! home ( "o ( ! pupils4 ,use ! bread = ! s*ool lun* or divide x among ! class to take home4 ,plan a bread conte/1 s t ea* pupil w be int]e/$ 9 mak+ bread at home4 ,,lesson ,,xix3 ,,s]v+ ,a ,,simple ,,d9n] ,,)\t ,,meat--,,bak$ ,,omelet--,,mac>oni ,,& ,,*eese ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,at "s previ\s "t ! tea*] %\ld discuss ) ! pupils ! plans = ! d9n]4 ,x may be well to let !m invite ! memb]s ( ! s*ool bo>d or o!rs int]e/$ 9 _! "w to p>take ( ! d9n]4 ,!y %\ld decide on ! m5u1 ) ! help & sugge/ions ( ! tea*]1 & %\ld *oose foods t !y c br+ f _! homes4 ,! ma9 c\rse %\ld consi/ ( su* a vegetable di% z bak$ beans1 an omelet1 or mac>oni ) :ite sauce & grat$ *eese4 ,to accompany ?is !re %\ld be potatoes & a fre% gre5 vegetable1 su* z sp9a* or cabbage1 & a hot bread4 ,a simple dess]t :i* ! pupils "k h[ to make %\ld be *os54 ,"o duty %\ld be assign$ to ea* pupil1 & %e %\ld be entirely responsible = t portion ( ! d9n]4 ,! tea*] %\ld sup]vise all ! "w c>efully4 ,in/ructions = mak+ ! m5u c>ds may be giv5 9 a draw+ lesson4 ,,recipes ,bak$ ,omelet #b tbsp4 butt] #b tbsp4 fl\r #a_/b tsp4 salt #a c4 milk1 heat$ #d eggs #b tsp4 fat ,pepp] ,melt ! butt]1 add ! fl\r & season+s1 mix ?or\ghly1 !n add ! hot milk sl[ly4 ,sep>ate ! eggs1 beat ! yolks1 & add ! :ite sauce to !m4 ,beat ! :ites until /iff & cut & fold !m c>efully into ! yolk mixture1 s t ! lightness is all reta9$4 ,turn into a greas$ bak+-di% & bake 9 a mod]ate ov5 f #bj to #cj m9utes4 ,s]ve hot4 ,s]ves six4 ,mac>oni & ,*eese #a c4 mac>oni1 noodles1 or rice #b tbsp4 fat #c tbsp4 fl\r #a_/b tsp4 salt ,pepp] #a-a_/b c4 milk #a c4 grat$ *eese #b c4 butt]$ bread crumbs 7two tbsp4 butt] or o!r fat7 ,break ! mac>oni into #a-;in* pieces & cook x 9 a l>ge am\nt ( salt$ boil+ wat] f #cj to #de m9utes4 ,dra9 x well :5 t5d] & p\r cold wat] ?r\gh x4 ,break up ! bread crumbs & add two tablespoonfuls ( melt$ butt] to !m4 ,grate ! *eese & make a :ite sauce ( ! fat1 fl\r1 season+s1 & milk4 ,mix ! *eese ) ! sauce1 add ! mac>oni1 & p\r x into a butt]$ bak+-di%4 ,cov] ) ! bread crumbs & bake #ae or #bj m9utes1 to br[n ! crumbs4 ,s]ves eight4 ,,lesson ,,xx3 ,,sug> ,food value & cook+4 ,! use ( peanuts 9 c&y4 ,peanut cookies1 or peanut1 molasses1 or fudge c&ies1 to be made = a special ent]ta9m5t4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,sug> is valuable to ! body z a s\rce ( heat & en]gy4 ,:ile x is easy ( dige/ion1 x is v irritat+ to ! body if tak5 9 l>ge quantities &1 on ?is acc\nt1 x %\ld be tak5 9 small quantities & pref]ably at meal "t or ) o!r food4 ,two or ?ree pieces ( c&y tak5 at ! end ( ! meal w n be hurtful1 b :5 eat5 habitually betwe5 meals1 x is sure to produce h>mful effects4 ,sug> is pres5t 9 _m fruits & 9 mo/ vegetables4 ,milk conta9s a l>ge p]c5tage ( sug>4 ,9 prep>+ foods to :i* ! addition ( sug> seems desirable1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to add x 9 l>ge quantities4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,z x is desirable to h a discussion reg>d+ sug> & its value to ! body1 ! prep>ation ( cookies or c&y = "s s*ool function or ,*ri/mas p>ty may be und]tak5 9 conjunction ) ?is lesson1 :i* %\ld be giv5 at a "t :5 x w mean mo/ to ! pupils4 ,! "w %\ld be s plann$ t !y w le>n some?+ ( ! pr9ciples ( sug> cook]y1 z well z ! specific recipes !y are us+4 ,,recipes ,cookies #a c4 fat #a c4 sug> #b eggs #a_/d c4 milk #c c4 fl\r #c tsp4 bak+-p[d] #a tbsp4 c9namon #a_/b c4 sug> ,cream ! butt] & add ! sug> & well-beat5 eggs4 ,!n add ! milk alt]nately ) ! sift$ dry fl\r 7sift$ ) bak+-p[d]74 ,mix to ! consi/5cy ( a s(t d\gh1 add+ m milk if necess>y4 ,roll lightly1 cut 9 %apes1 & dip 9 ! "o-half cup ( sug> & c9namon t h be5 sift$ toge!r4 ,place on butt]$ %eets & bake 9 a hot ov5 = ab\t #aj m9utes4 ,slip f ! pan & lay on ! cake cool]4 ,to make a s(t] cookie1 use only "o-half cup ( butt]4 7,?ree to f\r doz547 ,peanut ,cookies #b tbsp4 butt] #a_/d c4 sug> #a egg #a tsp4 bak+-p[d] #a_/h tsp4 salt #a_/b c4 fl\r #b tsp4 milk #a_/b c4 f9ely *opp$ peanuts #a_/b tsp4 lemon juice #b doz4 :ole peanuts %ell$ ,cream ! butt] & add ! sug> & ! egg well beat54 ,add ! milk & sift$ dry +r$i5ts1 alt]nately1 to ! fir/ mixture1 !n ! peanuts & lemon juice4 ,drop f a teaspoon on a bak+ %eet an in* ap>t & place #a_/b peanut on top ( ea*4 ,bake f #ab to #ae m9utes 9 a mod]ate ov54 7,two & a half to ?ree doz547 ,peanut ,brittle #a c4 sug> #a c4 peanuts 9 ! %ell ,/ir ! sug> ov] ! heat1 con/antly1 until x becomes a cle> liquid4 ,take at once f ! heat1 add ! prep>$ peanuts1 & p\r on a w>m1 butt]$ t94 ,m>k 9 squ>es & cool4 ,s]ves t54 ,molasses ,c&y #b c4 molasses #b_/c c4 sug> #a tbsp4 v9eg> #a_/d tsp4 soda #b tbsp4 butt] ,put ! molasses1 sug>1 & butt] into a ?ick sauce-pan or kettle & /ir until ! sug> is dissolv$4 ,boil until ! mixture becomes brittle :5 tri$ 9 cold wat]4 ,/ir con/antly at ! la/ to prev5t burn+4 ,add v9eg> & soda j be=e remov+ f ! fire4 ,p\r into a well-greas$ pan & let x /& until cool en\gh to h&le4 ,!n pull until light & por\s & cut 9 small pieces ) scissors1 arrang+ on butt]$ plates4 ,s]ves sixte5 to tw5ty4 ,fudge #b c4 sug> #a c4 milk #a tbsp4 butt] #a_/b c4 nuts1 brok5 up ,put ! sug> & ! milk 9 a sauce-pan & /ir ov] ! heat until ! sug> is dissolv$4 ,add ! butt] & boil to ! s(t ball /age4 ,take f ! heat & beat until creamy4 ,add ! nuts & p\r on butt]$ pans4 ,:5 cool1 cut 9 squ>es4 ,s]ves sixte5 to eighte54 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,devote1 if possible1 a sep>ate p]iod to ! discussion ( ! food value & cook+ ( sug>2 !n assign two recipes = ! practical "w1 all[+ ! pupils to "w 9 gr\ps4 ,assign only z mu* "w z c be c>efully sup]vis$4 ,d n und]take bo? ! cookies & ! c&y4 ,,tw5ty ,,lessons ,,9 ,,sew+ ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,! tea*] %\ld be famili> ) ! conditions 9 :i* ! pupils live1 %\ld "k h[ mu* money !y c af=d to pay = mat]ials1 :at mat]ials are available1 :at previ\s exp]i5ce 9 h& "w !y h _h1 :e!r !y c af=d to h sew+-ma*9es 9 _! own homes1 & to :at ext5t !y make _! own clo!s or buy !m ready-made4 ,! lessons %\ld be plann$ to furni% h& tra9+1 to give pupils practical in/ruction 9 ! c>e ( _! own clo!s1 & to provide an opportunity = prep>+ ! apron = ! cook+ lessons4 ,! lesson c\rse %\ld t5d to develop habits ( ?rift1 indu/ry1 & neatness4 ,! pupils %\ld be enc\rag$ to le>n to sew1 bo? to improve _! own home conditions & to give !m sugge/ions z to a possible means ( livelihood4 ,if sew+-ma*9es are available & are 9 use 9 ! homes1 x is well to h lessons giv5 9 ma*9e sew+ & to h ! long seams run by ma*9e4 ,if ! pupils _c h sew+-ma*9es 9 _! own homes1 ! lessons giv5 %\ld be limit$ to sew+ by h&4 ,9 "s s*ools1 x may be necess>y to simplify ! lessons2 9 o!rs1 an increas$ numb] ( articles may be prep>$ 9 ! "t allott$4 ,%\ld ! apron & cap n be ne$$ = ! cook+ class1 an und]g>m5t 7corset cov]7 may well be sub/itut$4,a ,a ,%\ld ! tea*] feel t an apron or corset-cov] is too l>ge a piece = h] pupils to und]take1 & %\ld %e desire to h m "t sp5t on ! fir/ t5 lessons4 ,lessons ,,xi to ,,xviii may be omitt$1 two p]iods ea* devot$ to bo? ,lessons ,,xix & ,,xx1 & ?ree lessons us$ = ! mak+ ( a simple ne$le-book or o!r small piece4 ,= ea* lesson ! tea*] %\ld h 9 m9d a def9ite plan ( proc$ure4 ,! lesson %\ld be op5$ ) a brief & concrete class discussion ( ! new "w t is to be tak5 up or ! special /age t has be5 rea*$ 9 "w t is already "u way4 ,?\gh individual in/ruction is necess>y1 x %\ld n take ! place ( ?is g5]al pres5tation ( ! subject-matt]1 :i* economizes "t & develops ! real ?\ght cont5t ( ! "w4 ,:5ev] possible1 ! tea*] %\ld endeav\r to correlate ?is "w ) ! o!r subjects on ! curriculum4 ,new /it*es may be demon/rat$ on l>ge pieces ( scrim1 ) long d>n+-ne$les & co>se r$ or black y>n4 ,! scrim %\ld be p9n$ to ! black-bo>d ) ?umb tacks1 & ! /it*es made l>ge en\gh = all to see )\t difficulty4 ,a v>iety ( complet$ articles %\ld be kept on h&1 9 ord] to %[ additional application ( po9ts br\ght out 9 ! lesson4 ,ea* class may be giv5 ! privilege ( prep>+ "o article to add to ?is collection1 & a _s ( class pride & valuable team "w may be !reby develop$4 ,dur+ ! lesson1 po/ure1 neatness1 & ord] %\ld be emphasiz$4 ,application c be secur$ by mak+ ! problems ( int]e/4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t none ( ! "w dem&s unnecess>y eye /ra94 ,ea* lesson %\ld be clos$ 9 "t to h "o ( ! memb]s ( ! class give a brief summ>y ( ! /eps t h be5 cov]$4 ,s9ce ! class p]iod = sew+ 9 ! rural s*ool w necess>ily be brief1 ! pupils %\ld be enc\rag$ to cont9ue _! "w at "s o!r p]iod4 ,h[ev]1 no "w outside ( ! class p]iod %\ld be p]mitt$ until ! pupil has ma/]$ ! /it* & c be tru/$ to d ! "w 9 ! "r way4 ,! privilege ( sew+ may be made ! rew>d = lessons quickly le>n$1 home practice may be assign$1 or ! class may meet out ( s*ool h\rs4 ,all outside practice mu/ be c>efully sup]vis$1 ! pupil br++ h] "w to ! tea*] = frequ5t inspection4 ,if x is possible to keep on h& a p]man5t equipm5t = sew+1 ! foll[+ %\ld be provid$ = a class ( twelve3 ,approximate co/ ,scissors1 #a doz5 #c4jj ,?imbles1 #a doz5 4#ej ,tape-measures1 #a doz5 4#fj ,em]y1 #a doz5 4#ej ,boxes = "w1 #a doz5 #a4jj ------ #e4fj ,note4--,%oe or c&y boxes may be us$1 b an ef=t %\ld be made to h !m uni=m4 ,! tea*] :o is to give lessons 9 sew+ %\ld secure a helpful elem5t>y text-book or "s bullet9 t deals ) ! tea*+ ( sew+4 ,,ref]5ce ,,books4 ,s*ool ,sew+1 ,bas$ on ,home ,problems4 ,burton1 ,i4 ,r4 & ,m4 ,g4 ,vocational ,supply ,co41 ,indianapolis #a4jj ,h&book ( ,elem5t>y ,sew+4 ,flagg1 ,e4 ,p4 ,little1 ,br[n ,co41 ,bo/on4 7,mc,clelland1 ,good*ild ,/ew>t1 ,toronto7 4#ej ,con/ructive ,sew+1 ,book ,i4 7pap]7 ,indu/rial ,book ,equipm5t ,co41 ,indianapolis 4#fj ,s*ool ,ne$lework4 ,hapgood1 ,o4 ,c4 ,g9n ,co41 ,bo/on 4#ej ,clo?+ & ,heal?4 ,k9ne1 ,h41 & ,cooley1 ,a4 ,m4 ,macmillan's1 ,toronto 4#fe ,h&icraft = ,girls4 ,mc,glauflin1 ,i4 ,manual ,arts ,press1 ,peoria4 ,ill4 #a4jj ,home & ,s*ool ,sew+4 ,patton1 ,f4 ,newson ,co41 ,new ,york 4#fj ,a ,sew+ ,c\rse4 ,woolman1 ,m4 ,s4 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,f]nald1 ,wa%+ton #a4ej ,sew+4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,education ( ,ont>io 4#bj ,,lesson ,i3 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,sew+ ,prep>ation & use ( work+ equipm5t3 ,ne$les1 p9s1 ?read1 tape-measure1 ?imble1 scissors1 box = "w4 ,talk on cleanl9ess & neatness 7c>e ( h&s1 etc474 ,discussion ( hemm+4 ,hems fold$ on %eets ( pap]4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,a hem is made by twice turn+ ov] ! edge ( a piece ( clo? t[>d ! work]1 & !n sew+ x d[n4 ,x is us$ to f9i% a n>r[ edge4 ,9 turn+ a n>r[ hem ! fir/ fold mu/ n be s deep z ! second1 9 ord] t ! hem may lie smoo?ly4 ,if ! hem is a wide "o1 ! fir/ fold c be mu* n>r[] ?an ! second4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] %\ld h int]e/$ ! pupils 9 ! sew+ lessons be=e ! fir/ meet+ ( ! class1 & ea* pupil %\ld be ask$ to br+ ) h] ! box 9 :i* to keep h] mat]ials & su* o!r equipm5t z is requir$4 ,if ! s*ool is to furni% ! equipm5t1 ! tea*] %\ld be sure t !re is an adequate supply on h&4 ,x w probably be necess>y to h ! t[els to be us$ 9 ! cook+ classes hemm$1 & ! pupils %\ld be int]e/$ 9 do+ ?is "w4 ,if "s ( !m wi% to hem t[els = use 9 _! own homes1 x may be desirable to all[ !m to d s4 ,fl\r or meal sacks w answ]4 ,x may be well to h ea* pupil hem a t[el = home use1 z well z = s*ool use1 9 ord] to impress ^u h] ! desirability ( hav+ hemm$ di%-t[els = daily use4 ,! t[els may be plann$ dur+ ?is lesson1 & ! pupils may arrange to br+ ! mat]ial f home1 if !y are to provide x2 b x w be well = ! tea*] to h on h& mat]ial = "o or two t[els4 ,pla9 pap] w answ] = ! practice fold+ ( ! hem 9 ! fir/ lesson4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld devote a few m9utes to a talk on cleanl9ess1 emphasiz+ its importance1 & ! necessity = ex]cis+ c>e 9 h&l+ ! sew+ mat]ials4 ,?is %\ld be foll[$ by a discussion reg>d+ ! c>e ( ! h&s & ! condition 9 :i* !y %\ld be = ! sew+ lesson4 ,ea* pupil %\ld inspect h] own h&s & %[ !m to ! tea*]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,gauge ,:5 all ! pupils h _! h&s 9 a prop] condition = sew+1 ! tea*] %\ld look ov] _! supplies ) !m1 give !m sugge/ions z to h[ !y are to keep ^!1 & let !m arrange _! boxes4 ,next1 %e %\ld tell !m :at _! fir/ "w is to be1 %[ !m ! mat]ial = ! t[els1 & discuss ) !m ! be/ me?od ( f9i%+ ! ends4 7,see ,lesson ,,ii47 ,be=e turn+ ! hem1 ! pupils %\ld make a gauge f heavy pap]1 not*$ to indicate ! dep? ( ! hem4 ,a few m9utes %\ld be devot$ to practice 9 measur+ & turn+ a hem ( ! desir$ dep? on a %eet ( pap]4 ,?is %\ld give practice 9 ! d\ble turn+ necess>y--fir/1 ! n>r[ turn to dispose ( ! cut edge2 second1 ! fold to f9i% ! edge4 ,:5 ! lesson is f9i%$1 ! boxes %\ld be put away 9 sy/ematic ord]1 & all scraps %\ld be c>efully pick$ up f ! desks & ! floor4 ,,lesson ,,ii3 ,,hemm+ ,,t[els ,turn+ & ba/+ hems4 ,hemm+ t[els ( cra%1 sack+1 or o!r mat]ial1 = use 9 wa%+ & dry+ di%es at home or 9 s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--;,ev5 ba/+ ,,subject-,,matt] ,ba/+ is us$ to hold two pieces ( mat]ial toge!r until a p]man5t /it* c be put 94 ,x is done by tak+ long /it*es 7"o-f\r? in*7 f "r to left & p>allel to ! edges t are to be ba/$ toge!r4 ,9 />t+1 ! ?read is fa/5$ ) a knot2 :5 complet$1 x is fa/5$ by tak+ two or ?ree /it*es "o ov] ! o!r4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] %\ld h ! necess>y mat]ials on h& or %\ld see t !y are suppli$ by ! pupils4 ,! articles ne$$ w include mat]ial = ! t[els1 :ite ?read = ba/+ & hemm+1 & gauges = measur+4 ,! tea*] %\ld also h a l>ge squ>e ( unblea*$ cotton or canvas1 #ah by #ah in*es1 & a l>ge d>n+-ne$le & col\r$ wor/$ ?read1 to use = demon/ration purposes4 ,! canvas %\ld be fa/5$ to ! black-bo>d1 :]e ! class c see x easily4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,z soon z ! class is call$1 ! supplies are at h&1 & ! h&s are 9 a prop] condition1 ! tea*] %\ld demon/rate ! ba/+-/it*1 ) a l>ge ne$le & ?read1 on ! squ>e ( canvas t has be5 fa/5$ on ! wall4 ,mat]ials = "w %\ld be pass$4 ,ea* pupil %\ld /raight5 ! ends ( h] t[el by draw+ a ?read4 ,!n %e %\ld turn & ba/e a hem ?ree eigh?s ( an in* 9 dep?4 ,at ! close ( ! lesson1 ! pupils %\ld fold _! "w c>efully & put x neatly 9 _! boxes4 ,,lesson ,,iii3 ,,hemm+ ,,t[els--,cont9u$ ,! ov]h&+ /it* & ! hemm+ /it*4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,ov]h&+ 7also call$ ov]seam+ or top sew+74--,! edges to be ov]h&$ are held betwe5 ! fir/ f+] & ! ?umb ( ! left h&1 ) ! edge p>allel to ! fir/ f+]4 ,! ne$le is ins]t$ j bel[ & p]p5dicul> to ! edge4 ,! ne$le is po9t$ /raight t[>d ! work]4 ,! /it*es proce$ f "r to left1 ea* /it* be+ tak5 a little to ! left ( ! prec$+ /it*4 ,! /it*es %\ld all be /raight on ! "r side1 b !y w slant a little on ! wrong side4 ,!y %\ld n be deep4 ,x may be desirable to use ?is ov]h&+ /it* at ! ends ( hems1 to hold ! edges ( ! mat]ial toge!r4 ,! ov]h&+ /it* is also us$ = seams1 = pat*+1 & = sew+ on lace4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,ov]h&+ ,! ov]h&+ ( n>r[ hems is n always necess>y1 b ! ends may be made /rong] !reby1 & ! /it* is a valuable "o = ! pupils to "k4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,hemm+ ,hemm+4--,! hemm+-/it* is plac$ on ! inside ( ! hem4 ,! end ( ! ba/$ hem is laid ov] ! fir/ & "u ! second f+] ( ! left h&1 ) ! fold$ edge outside & ! mat]ial t[>d ! work]4 ,x is held 9 place ) ! ?umb4 ,! /it* is begun at ! end ( ! hem4 ,! fa/5+ ( ! ?read is conceal$ by slipp+ x und]nea? ! hem 9 ! inside fold ( ! mat]ial4 ,! ne$le is po9t$ ov] ! left %\ld]1 a small /it* is tak5 by ins]t+ ! ne$le ?r\gh ! mat]ial j bel[ ! hem1 !n ?r\gh ! fold$ edge4 ,?is is repeat$1 mak+ ! next /it* ne>] ! work] & mov+ ! goods away f ! work] z necess>y4 ,uni=mity ( slant1 size1 & spac+ ( ! /it*es is important4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,be=e ?is lesson is giv51 all ! pupils %\ld report to ! tea*]1 hav+ bo? ends ( _! t[els ba/$1 s t !y w all be ready to proce$ at once ) ! new /it*es4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld beg9 by demon/rat+ on ! l>ge squ>e ( canvas ) ! l>ge ne$le & heavy ?read ! /it*es to be us$4 ,aft] ov]h&+ ! end ( ! hem1 ! hemm+-/it* %\ld foll[ ) ! same ?read4 ,! pupils w probably n be able to f9i% ! hemm+ 9 ?is fir/ lesson1 s provision %\ld be made = additional "t4 ,?is c be requir$ z an outside assignm5t1 if ! pupils h ma/]$ ! me?od dur+ ! class p]iod4 ,! tea*] may also be able to give !m "s sup]vision :ile %e is look+ aft] o!r classes4 ,,lesson ,,iv3 ,,bags ,a s*ool bag4 ,bag 7made ( mat]ial obta9able7 to hold sew+ mat]ials4 ,measur+ & /raight5+ ! mat]ial = ! bag4 ,ba/+ ! seams4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,! ba/+-/it* w be us$ z a review ( "w 9 ! second lesson4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,"s "t be=e ! lesson1 ! tea*] %\ld discuss ) ! pupils ! k9d ( mat]ial !y w be able to provide = _! bags &1 if ! mat]ial has to be pur*as$1 %e %\ld sugge/ some?+ t is suitable1 wa%able1 & inexp5sive4 ,! bag %\ld co/ only a few c5ts4 ,! dim5sions ( ! f9i%$ bag %\ld be ab\t #ab by #ah in*es4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! pupils %\ld get out ! mat]ials !y h br\ght & det]m9e ^u ! size & %ape ( _! bags4 ,x w n be necess>y to make !m uni=m4 ,! tea*] %\ld help ! pupils to use _! mat]ial to ! be/ advantage4 ,x %\ld be /raight5$1 pull$ 9 place1 & measur$ c>efully4 ,:5 ! bags h be5 cut out1 ! sides %\ld be ba/$4 ,,lesson ,v3 ,,bags--,cont9u$ ,sew+ up ! seams ) a runn+-/it* & a back-/it*4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,runn+ is done by pass+ ! ne$le 9 & out ( ! mat]ial at regul> int]vals4 ,small1 ev5 /it*es & spaces %\ld foll[ consecutively on bo? sides ( ! mat]ial4 ,! /it*es %\ld be mu* %ort] ?an ^? us$ = ba/+1 ! l5g? be+ det]m9$ l>gely by ! k9d ( clo? us$4 ,:5 runn+ is comb9$ ) a back-/it*1 two or m runn+-/it*es & "o back-/it* are tak5 alt]nately4 ,! back-/it* is a /it* tak5 backw>d on ! upp] side ( ! clo?1 ! ne$le be+ put back ea* "t into ! end ( ! la/ /it* & br\ght out ! same di/ance beyond ! la/ /it*4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] %\ld be sure t all ! pupils are ready to report1 hav+ ! sides ( _! bags ba/$ ready = /it*+4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld fir/ demon/rate ! runn+-/it* ) ! back-/it*1 & ! pupils %\ld beg9 to sew ! sides ( ! bag1 us+ ?is /it*4 ,!y %\ld comm5ce sew+ ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* f ! top ( ! bag1 s t !re w be a space left = slits 9 ! hem ?r\gh :i* to run ! cord4,a ,! seams w d\btless h to be f9i%$ outside ( ! class h\r1 & may be assign$ = completion be=e ! next lesson4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,runn+-/it* ) a back-/it* ,a ,! draw-/r+1 or cord1 is to be run ?r\gh ! hem f ! inside ( ! bag1 & x w be necess>y to leave ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* ( space at ! ends ( ! seams1 to provide slits z outlets = ! cord4 ,,lesson ,,vi3 ,,bags--,cont9u$ ,ov]ca/+ ! seams & turn+ ! hem at ! top ( ! bag4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,ov]ca/+ is done by tak+ loose /it*es ov] ! raw edge ( ! clo?1 to keep x f ravell+ or fray+4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! tea*] %\ld be sure t all ! pupils are ready to report1 hav+ ! sides ( _! bags neatly sew$ ) ! runn+-/it*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,ov]ca/+ ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld demon/rate ! me?od ( ov]ca/+ & expla9 its use4 ,%e %\ld h ! pupils trim ! edges ( _! seams neatly & ov]ca/ !m c>efully4 ,aft] ! seams h be5 ov]ca/1 %e %\ld discuss ! dep? ( ! hem t ! pupils expect to use & ! me?od ( turn+ & ba/+ x4 ,!y %\ld !n measure1 turn1 p91 & ba/e ! hems1 us+ ! gauge = det]m9+ ! dep? ( ! hem4 ,if ! bags are deep en\gh to admit ( a head+ at ! top1 a deep hem 7ab\t #b-a_/b in*es7 c be made1 & a runn+-/it* put 9 "o-half in* 7or m7 above ! edge ( ! hem1 to provide a cas+1 or space1 = ! cord4 ,if x is necess>y to take a n>r[ hem1 ! hem itself c be made to answ] z space = ! cord2 9 ?is case ! hem %\ld be made ab\t "o-half in* deep4 ,,lesson ,,vii3 ,,bags--,cont9u$ ,hemm+ ! top ( ! bag & putt+ 9 a runn+-/it* to provide a space = ! cord4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,review ( ! hemm+-/it* & ! runn+-/it*4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! pupils1 hav+ ! hems ba/$1 %\ld report to ! tea*]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld review briefly ! me?od ( mak+ ! hemm+-/it* & ! runn+-/it*1 ask+ ! pupils to describe ^! /it*es & to demon/rate !m on ! l>ge squ>e ( canvas be=e ! class4 ,! ba/$ hems %\ld !n be sew$ ) ! hemm+-/it*4 ,aft] ! hem is f9i%$1 ! pupils %\ld run a ba/+ ?read ar\nd ! bag1 to m>k ! location ( ! runn+-/it*1 :i* is to be half an in* above ! hem4 ,!y %\ld measure = ?is c>efully4 ,if !re is n "t to d all ! hemm+ 9 ! class p]iod1 ! hemm+-/it* & ! runn+-/it* 7:i* is to provide space = ! draw-/r+7 %\ld be assign$ = outside "w1 & ea* pupil %\ld br+ 9 h] f9i%$ hem at a designat$ "t be=e ! next class p]iod4 ,,lesson ,,viii3 ,,bags--,cont9u$ ,prep>+ a cord or o!r draw-/r+ = ! bag4 ,putt+ a d\ble draw-/r+ 9 ! bag1 s t x c easily be drawn up4 ,use ( ! bodk94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--;,bag ne>ly complet$ ,,subject-,,matt] ,to make a cord1 x is necess>y to take m ?an f\r times z mu* cotton z ! f9al l5g? ( ! cord w require1 = "s ( ! l5g? w be tak5 up 9 ! twi/+ ( ! cord4 ,x w be easi] = two to "w toge!r 9 mak+ a cord4 ,! cord %\ld be d\bl$1 ! two l5g?s twi/$ toge!r firmly1 & ! ends br\ght toge!r aga9 & held 9 "o h&1 :ile ! middle is tak5 9 ! o!r h&1 & ! l5g?s are all[$ to twi/ firmly toge!r4 ,! ends %\ld be ti$1 & ! cord run into ! bag ) a bodk9 or tape-ne$le4 ,if "o cord is run 9 f "o side & ano!r is run 9 f ! o!r side1 ea* cord runn+ all ! way ar\nd1 ! bag c be drawn up easily4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--;,bodk9 ,9 place ( ! cord1 n>r[ tape may be us$4 ,take two pieces ( tape1 ea* piece be+ twice z long z ! wid? ( ! bag plus two in*es4 ,run "o tape 9 f "o side & a second f ! o!r side1 ea* tape runn+ all ! way ar\nd4 ,jo9 ! tape ends 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 #a4 ,turn a n>r[ fold on "o end ( ! tape to ! wrong side1 & on ! o!r end ( ! tape to ! "r side4 #b4 ,slip "o fold "u ! o!r & hem d[n ! fold$ edges4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,if ! pupils are n able to supply cords = _! own bags1 ! tea*] %\ld h a suffici5t supply ( cord on h&4 ,%e %\ld be sure ! bags are 9 read9ess = ! cord be=e ! class p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--- ,complet$ bag ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld beg9 ! lesson by describ+ ! me?od ( mak+ ! cord1 e/imat+ ! am\nt necess>y1 & demon/rat+ ! process ) ! assi/ance ( "o ( ! pupils4 ,! pupils %\ld be numb]$1 s t !y may "w 9 gr\ps ( two4 ,aft] !y h complet$ ! cord & run x into ! bag1 me?ods ( f9i%+ ! ends neatly %\ld be sugge/$ to !m4 ,,lesson ,,ix3 ,,d>n+ ,,/ock+s ,use ( a d>n+-ball or g\rd z a sub/itute = a ball4 ,talk on ! c>e ( ! feet & ! c>e ( ! /ock+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--;,d>n+ ,,subject-,,matt] ,?is lesson w involve runn+ & weav+4 ,d>n+ is us$ to fill 9 a hole ) ?read1 s z to supply ! "p t has be5 de/roy$ or to /r5g!n a place :i* %[s signs ( weakness4 ,a d>n+-ball1 a g\rd1 or a firm piece ( c>dbo>d %\ld be plac$ "u ! hole4 ,! d>n %\ld ext5d "o qu>t] ( an in* beyond ! edge ( ! mat]ial1 beg9n+ ) f9e /it*es 9 ! mat]ial1 mak+ r[s runn+ close toge!r 9 "o direction1 !n cross+ ^! ?reads ) r[s t run at a "r angle to !m4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 alt]nately to pick up & drop ! edge ( ! mat]ial ar\nd ! hole1 s t no raw edges w be visible1 & to weave ev5ly 9 & out ( ! mat]ial & ! cross ?reads4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,ea* pupil %\ld provide a pair ( /ock+s ) a few small holes & a g\rd or ball ( "s sort t %e c use z a d>n+ ball4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,:5 ! class meets1 ! tea*] %\ld discuss briefly ! c>e ( ! feet & ( ! /ock+s1 & demon/rate ! me?od ( d>n+1 on a l>ge piece ( co>se mat]ial1 ) heavy y>n & a ne$le4 ,if ! pupils f9i% "o d>n dur+ ! lesson p]iod1 m d>n+ %\ld be assign$ = practice out ( class4 ,,lesson ,x3 ,,pat*+,a ,hemm$ pat*es on cotton g>m5ts4 ,talk on ! c>e ( ! clo!s4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,?is lesson w involve measur+1 trimm+1 ba/+1 & hemm+4 ,a pat* is a piece ( clo? sew$ on to a g>m5t to re/ore ! worn "p4 ,! mat]ial us$ = ! pat* %\ld be z ne>ly l ! orig9al fabric 9 col\r & quality z possible4 ,9 plac+ ! pat*1 ! condition ( ! mat]ial ab\t ! hole mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation1 z well z ! size ( ! hole4 ,! worn p>ts ar\nd ! hole %\ld be remov$1 & ! hole cut squ>e or oblong4 ,! pat* %\ld be1 on all f\r sides1 an in* l>g] ?an ! trimm$ hole4 ,! corn]s ( ! hole %\ld be cut back diagonally1 s t ! edges may be turn$ "u4 ,! pat* %\ld be mat*$ & p9n$ to ! wrong side ( ! g>m5t1 leav+ ! edges to project ev5ly on all f\r sides4 ,! edges ( ! mat]ial ar\nd ! hole %\ld be turn$ 9 & ba/$ to ! pat*4 ,! edges ( ! pat* %\ld be turn$ 9 s t !y ext5d1 :5 f9i%$1 "o-half in* f ! edge ( ! hole4 ,! pat* & ! clo? %\ld be ba/$ toge!r & hemm$4 ,a ,us$ :5 special problem comes up4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--,pat*+ ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! lesson on pat*+ %\ld be giv5 at any "t 9 ! c\rse :5 x c be appli$ to an imm$iate ne$4 ,if a pupil te>s h] dress :ile play+ at s*ool1 or if %e we>s a torn apron1 ! tea*] c ann\nce a pat*+ lesson = ! next sew+ class1 & reque/ ea* pupil to br+ a torn g>m5t & ! mat]ial = ! pat* f home4 ,x may be desirable to use two or ?ree p]iods = ?is lesson4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld demon/rate ! process ( pat*+ on a l>ge piece ( cotton4 ,! pupils %\ld practise plac+ a pat* on a piece ( pap] ) a hole 9 x4 ,ea* /ep %\ld be assign$ 9 succession--exam9ation ( ! article to det]m9e its condition1 calculation ( ! size & prep>ation ( ! pat*1 plac+ ! pat*1 trimm+ ! article ar\nd ! hole1 ba/+ ! pat* & mat]ial toge!r1 & hemm+ ! pat*4 ,,lesson ,,xi3 ,,cutt+ ,,out ,,aprons ,,or ,,und]g>m5ts ,,subject-,,matt] ,:5 cutt+ out an apron1 ! l5g? ( ! skirt %\ld fir/ be measur$1 & to ?is measure #f in*es %\ld be add$ = ! hem & ! seams4 ,"o l5g? ( ! mat]ial correspond+ to ?is l5g? %\ld be cut4 ,?is %\ld be fold$ l5g?wise ?r\gh ! middle4 ,?ree qu>t]s ( an in* %\ld be measur$ on ?is fold1 & ! mat]ial cut f ! end ( ! selvage to ?is po9t1 9 ord] to slope ! front ( ! apron4 ,:5 ! wai/ measure is tak51 #c in*es %\ld be add$ to x 7#a = ! lap & #a at ea* end1 = f9i%+74 ,?is makes a /rong piece at ea* end = ! button & button-hole4 ,two pieces ( ?is l5g? & #b-a_/b in*es wide %\ld be cut l5g?wise ( ! mat]ial = ! belt4 ,a measure %\ld be made f ! middle ( ! back ( ! wai/ l9e1 ov] ! %\ld]1 to a po9t #e in*es to ! "r to ! c5tre front & on ! wai/ l9e4 ,two pieces ( ! l5g? ( ?is measure & #d-a_/b in*es wide %\ld be cut l5g?wise ( ! mat]ial = ! %\ld] /raps4 ,a piece #i by #ab in*es %\ld be cut = ! bib1 ! long] di/ance l5g?wise ( ! mat]ial4 ,^! measurem5ts all[ "o qu>t] ( an in* = seams4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,be=e ! lesson ! tea*] %\ld see if arrangem5ts c be made to secure ! use ( "o or two sew+-ma*9es1 s t ! pupils may sew all ! long seams by ma*9e4 ,at a previ\s lesson %e %\ld discuss ! k9ds ( mat]ial suitable = ! aprons4 ,! pupils %\ld consid] :e!r _! aprons %all be :ite or col\r$1 & :e!r !y %all be ( musl91 cambric1 or g+ham4 ,ea* pupil w ne$ f #a-a_/b to #b y>ds ( mat]ial1 accord+ to h] size4 ,! tall] ones w ne$ #b y>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--;,cutt+ out skirt ( apron ,!re %\ld be on h& a suffici5t numb] ( tape-measures1 p9s1 & scissors1 s t ! pupils may proce$ ) ! cutt+ ( _! aprons )\t unnecess>y delay4 ,! apron to be made is to h a skirt1 ) a bib & %\ld] /raps1 9 ord] to be a protection to ! dress1 ! skirt1 & ! wai/4,a ,a ,if ! pupils are v inexp]i5c$ & f9d ! sew+ difficult1 x may be advisable to omit ! bib & /raps & to make ! simple full-skirt$ apron4 ,if a ma*9e is n at h& to use = ! long seams1 ! limit$ "t may make ! simpl] apron necess>y4 ,?is w give m "t = ! v>i\s /eps4 ,lessons ,,xiv & ,,xv may !n be omitt$1 ,lesson ,,xvi made m simple1 & less outside "w may be requir$4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,z soon z ! class meets1 ! pupils %\ld take ! measurem5ts = _! aprons4 ,"o measurem5t %\ld be assign$ at a "t1 & ! reason = ea* measurem5t %\ld be giv54 ,! pupils %\ld h explicit directions z to ! measurem5ts1 z !y are apt to become confus$ if ! directions are n cle>4 ,!y %\ld "w c>efully1 s t ! mat]ial does n become crumpl$ or soil$ &1 at ! conclusion ( ! lesson1 !y %\ld fold x c>efully & put x away neatly4 ,all ?reads & scraps ( mat]ial %\ld be c>efully pick$ (f ! floor & ! desks1 & ! room left 9 ord]4 ,,lesson ,,xii3 ,,aprons ,,or ,,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ ,ba/+ ! hem = hemm+ on ! ma*9e or by h&4 ,unev5 ba/+4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,an unev5 ba/+ =ms ! bett] guide = /it*+4 ,9 unev5 ba/+1 ! spaces are made ab\t ?ree times z long z ! /it*es4 ,! /it* %\ld be ab\t "o eigh? ( an in* & ! space ?ree eigh?s ( an in*4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,9 addition to ! apron mat]ial :i* has be5 cut out 9 ! previ\s lesson1 ea* pupil %\ld provide h] own spool ( ?read 7numb] sixty :ite ?read w probably answ] = all ! "w71 a piece ( c>dbo>d #e in*es wide = a gauge1 & p9s to use 9 fa/5+ ! hem4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--,unev5 ba/+ ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,z soon z ! class meets1 ! pupils %\ld prep>e a #e-;in* gauge1 to guide !m 9 turn+ ! hems ( ! skirts ( _! aprons4 ,!y %\ld make a half-in* not* 9 ! measure = ! fir/ turn 9 ! mat]ial4 ,a half-in* edge %\ld be turn$ up f ! bottom ( ! skirt1 !n a #e-;in* hem %\ld be turn$1 p9n$1 & ba/$ c>efully ) unev5 ba/+4 ,! gauge %\ld be us$ = bo? measurem5ts4 ,,lesson ,,xiii3 ,,aprons ,,or ,,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ ,ga!r+ ! skirt & /it*+ to ! belt4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,9 ga!r+1 a /it* mu* l runn+ is employ$4 ,small /it*es are tak5 up on ! ne$le1 ) spaces twice z great betwe5 !m4 ,! top ( ! skirt %\ld be divid$ into halves1 & ea* half ga!r$ ) a long ?read1 f9e /it*es "o qu>t] ( an in* f ! edge be+ us$4 ,! middle ( ! belt & ! middle ( ! top ( ! skirt ( ! apron %\ld be det]m9$ ^u4 ,! belt %\ld be p9n$ to ! wrong side ( ! apron at ^! po9ts1 & ! fulness drawn up to fit 7approximately "o half ( ! wai/ measure74 ,! skirt & ! belt %\ld be p9n$1 ba/$1 & sewn toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--;,ga!r+ ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,if ! hems h be5 complet$ 9 ! skirts1 ! pupils are ready to ga!r ! skirts & atta* !m to ! belt4 ,x w be well to h a supply ( p9s on h&1 to use 9 fa/5+ ! skirt & belt toge!r4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld fir/ demon/rate ! me?od ( ga!r+ & assign t portion ( ! lesson4 ,:5 ! skirts h all be5 ga!r$1 %e %\ld %[ ! pupils h[ to measure1 p91 & ba/e ! skirt to ! belt4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--,sew+ on ! belt ( ! apron ,,lesson ,,xiv3 ,,aprons ,,or ,,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ ,mak+ ! bib4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,a #b-;in* hem %\ld be turn$ across "o %ort end ( ! bib4 ,?is %\ld be ba/$ & hemm$4 ,! bottom ( ! bib %\ld be ga!r$1 ! me?od employ$ = ! top ( ! skirt be+ us$1 & suffici5t ?read be+ left to adju/ ! ga!rs easily4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,if ! pupils h complet$ ! skirts & atta*$ !m to ! belts1 !y are ready to make ! bibs4 ,!y %\ld be provid$ ) a #b-;in* m>k]1 = use 9 mak+ ! hems 9 ! top ( ! bibs4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld guide ! pupils c>efully 9 ! mak+ ( ! bibs1 review+ _! k ( ba/+1 hemm+1 & ga!r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--;,bib & /raps ( apron ,,lesson ,,xv3 ,,aprons ,,or ,,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ ,mak+ ! /raps4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,"o end ( "o ( ! /raps %\ld be plac$ at ! bottom ( ! bib4 ,! edge ( ! /rap %\ld be p9n$1 ba/$1 & sew$ to ! "r side ( ! bib ) a runn+-/it*4 ,! o!r long edge ( ! /rap %\ld !n be turn$ 9 "o qu>t] ( an in* & ! side turn$ 9 "o in*4 ,! /rap %\ld !n be fold$ ?r\gh ! middle = its entire l5g? & ! free side ba/$ to ! wrong side ( ! bib & hemm$4 ,! rema9+ edges ( ! /rap %\ld be ov]h&$ toge!r4 ,! o!r /rap %\ld be sewn to ! o!r side ( ! bib 9 ! same way4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! bibs %\ld h be5 complet$ be=e ! pupils report = ?is lesson4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,z soon z ! pupils report = ! lesson1 ! tea*] %\ld expla9 ! me?od ( atta*+ ! /raps to ! bib & tell !m h[ to f9i% ! =m]4 ,z !y proce$ ) _! "w1 %e %\ld sup]vise !m c>efully & assign ! unf9i%$ portion to be done out ( class4 ,,lesson ,,xvi3 ,,aprons ,,or ,,und]g>m5ts--,cont9u$ ,putt+ ! bib & ! skirt on ! belt4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,! middle ( ! bottom ( ! bib %\ld be det]m9$1 & p9n$ to ! middle ( ! upp] edge ( ! belt1 to :i* ! skirt has already be5 atta*$4 ,! belt %\ld be fa/5$ to ! wrong side ( ! bib4 ,! ga!r+ /r+ ( ! bib %\ld be drawn up1 leav+ #b in*es ( fulness on ea* side ( ! middle4 ,! bib %\ld be p9n$1 ba/$1 & sewn to ! belt4 ,! rema9+ long edges ( ! belt %\ld be turn$ 9 "o qu>t] ( an in*1 & ! ends "o in*4 ,! edges ( ! o!r belt piece %\ld be turn$ 9 9 ! same way1 & %\ld be p9n$ ov] ! belt to :i* ! skirt & ! bib h be5 atta*$ 7) all ! edges turn$ 971 & ba/$ c>efully1 to keep ! edges ev54 ,! skirt & ! bib %\ld be hemm$ to ?is upp] belt1 & all ! rema9+ edges %\ld be ov]h&$4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,! bib & ! /raps ( ! apron %\ld be complet$ be=e ! pupils report = ?is lesson4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld guide ! pupils c>efully 9 ! v>i\s /eps necess>y 9 fa/5+ ! bib to ! belt & 9 complet+ ! belt4 ,if ! hemm+ & ov]h&+ is n complet$ dur+ ! class h\r1 !y may be assign$ z home "w4 ,,lesson ,,xvii3 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,fa/5+ ,,g>m5ts ,sew+ buttons on ! aprons1 corset-cov]1 or o!r g>m5t4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,?is lesson %\ld tea* neatness 9 dress1 ?r\gh a consid]ation ( ! be/ me?ods ( fa/5+ g>m5ts4 ,! position ( ! button is measur$ by draw+ ! "r end ( ! b& "o in* ov] ! left end4 ,! place = ! button %\ld be m>k$ ) a p9 on ! left end ( ! b&4 ,a d\ble ?read is fa/5$ on ! "r side ( ! b&1 drawn ?r\gh "o hole ( ! button1 & back ?r\gh ! o!r1 & !n tak5 ?r\gh ! b& close to ! fir/ /it*4 ,a p9 %\ld be ins]t$ on top ( ! button "u ! fir/ /it*1 left !re until ! button is firmly fa/5$ 9 place1 & !n remov$4 ,be=e ! ?read is fa/5$1 x %\ld be wrapp$ two or ?ree times ar\nd ! ?reads hold+ ! button1 betwe5 ! button & ! clo?1 !n fa/5$ neatly on ! wrong side ) a few small /it*es "o on top ( ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,sew+ on buttons ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,ea* pupil %\ld come to ! class ) h] apron z ne>ly complet$ z possible1 & ) ?ree buttons to sew on x1 = fa/5+ ! belt & /raps4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld discuss ! be/ me?ods ( fa/5+ g>m5ts & %\ld demon/rate ! me?od ( sew+ on buttons4 ,! pupils %\ld sew "o button on ! left end ( ! apron b& 9 ! middle ( ! wid? ab\t #a in* f ! end1 & ano!r button #d in*es f ea* end ( ! b&1 to hold ! %\ld] /raps4 ,,lesson ,,xviii3 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,fa/5+ ,,g>m5ts--,cont9u$ ,button-holes on practice piece & on apron4 ,,subject-,,matt] ,directions = mak+ ! button-hole4--,measure c>efully ! position = ! button-hole1 l5g?wise ( ! b&1 s t ! end w come "o qu>t] ( an in* f ! edge ( ! g>m5t4 ,m>k ! l5g? ( ! button-hole on ! mat]ial by putt+ 9 two l9es ( runn+-/it*es at ! ends4 ,to cut ! button-hole1 ins]t ! po9t ( ! scissors at ! po9t m>k$ by ! runn+-/it*es ne>e/ ! edge ( ! g>m5t1 & cut c>efully along ! ?read ( ! mat]ial to ! r[ ( /it*es m>k+ ! l5g? at ! o!r end4 ,illu/ration3 7a7 ,/>t+ ! button-hole 7b7 ,! button-hole /it* 7c7 ,! f9i%$ button-hole ,fig4 #ai4--,work+ button-holes ,to make ! button-hole1 use a ?read ( suffici5t l5g? to d bo? ! ov]ca/+ & ! button-hol+4 ,beg9n+ at ! l[] "r corn]1 ov]ca/ ! raw edges ) /it*es "o sixte5? ( an in* deep4 ,d n ov]ca/ ar\nd ! ends ( ! hole4 ,z soon z ! ov]ca/+ is done1 proce$ ) ! button-hol+ )\t break+ ! ?read4 ,hold ! button-hole horizontally ov] ! fir/ f+] ( ! left h& & "w f "r to left4 ,ins]t ! po9t ( ! ne$le ?r\gh ! button-hole 7at ! back end71 br++ ! po9t ?r\gh1 t[>d y1 f\r or five ?reads bel[ ! edge ( ! button-hole4 ,br+ ! d\bl$ ?read f ! eye ( ! ne$le f "r to left "u & ar\nd ! po9t ( ! ne$le1 draw ! ne$le ?r\gh1 & pull ! ?read firmly1 s t ! purl is on ! edge4 ,at ! end ( ! button-hole1 ne> ! end ( ! b&1 make a fan1 by plac+ f five to sev5 /it*es4 ,! o!r end ( ! button-hole %\ld be f9i%$ ) a b> made by tak+ ?ree /it*es across ! end ( ! button-hole1 !n button-hole ov] ! b>1 tak+ 9 ! clo? und]nea? & pull+ ! purl t[>d ! slit4 ,! ?read %\ld be fa/5$ c>efully on ! "u side ( ! button-hole4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,= ?is lesson x is desirable to h small pieces ( cotton on h&1 to use z practice pieces = ! button-holes4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! tea*] %\ld demon/rate ! mak+ ( a button-hole1 illu/rat+ ea* /ep ( ! process on a l>ge piece ( canvas4 ,! pupils %\ld sew two small /rips ( cotton toge!r & cut a button-hole "o qu>t] ( an in* f ! edge1 & l5g?wise ( ! mat]ial1 to "w = practice4 ,:5 ! button-hole has be5 suffici5tly p]fect$ on ! practice piece1 ! pupils %\ld make ?ree 9 ! apron--"o 9 ! "r end ( ! b& & "o 9 ! end ( ea* %\ld] /rap4 ,,lesson ,,xix3 ,a ,,padd$ ,,hold] ,,= ,,h&l+ ,,hot ,,di%es--,,b9d+ ,,subject-,,matt] ,a hold] #f in*es squ>e w be satisfactory = h&l+ hot di%es4 ,x c be made ( quilt$ padd+ b\nd ) tape1 or ( two ?icknesses ( out+ flannel cov]$ ) p]cale or d5im & b\nd ) tape or braid4 ,if made ( ! out+ flannel & cov]$1 x %\ld be quilt$1 by /it*+ f ! middle ( "o side to ! middle ( ! opposite side 9 bo? directions1 9 ord] to hold ! out+ flannel & ! outside cov]+ toge!r4 ,! tape t is to be us$ = ! b9d+ %\ld be fold$ ?r\gh ! middle l5g?wise2 !n1 a beg9n+ be+ made at "o corn] ( ! padd+1 ! edge %\ld be ba/$1 half on "o side & half on ! o!r4 ,"r-angl$ corn]s %\ld be =m$4 ,:5 ba/$ all ar\nd1 ! tape %\ld be sewn on ea* side ) a hemm+-/it*4 ,if ! hold] is to be susp5d$ f ! apron b&1 a tape ( f #bg in*es to #cf in*es 9 l5g? %\ld be atta*$ to "o corn]4 ,! raw edge at "o end ( ! tape %\ld be turn$ 94 ,! end %\ld be s plac$ t x ov]laps ! corn] ( ! hold] ab\t half an in* & x %\ld be ba/$ to ! hold]4 ,! tape %\ld !n be secur$ firmly to ! hold]1 hemm$ d[n on "o edge1 across ! bottom1 & up ! o!r edge4 ,! o!r end ( ! tape %\ld be f9i%$ ) a #b-;in* loop4 ,! raw edge %\ld be fold$ ov]1 ! tape turn$ #b in*es d[n = ! loop1 & ba/$ 9 place4 ,?is %\ld be hemm$ across ! end4 ,"o qu>t] ( an in* up f ! end1 ! d\ble ?ickness ( tape %\ld be back-/it*$ toge!r1 & ! edges ( ! tape %\ld be ov]h&$ f !re to ! hemm$ end4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,ea* pupil %\ld provide suffici5t d5im1 p]cale1 huckaback1 or o!r wa%able mat]ial to cov] ! two sides ( a hold] #g in*es squ>e1 & en\gh out+ or canton flannel = a d\ble l9+4 ,ab\t #a-a_/b y>ds ( /raight tape "o-half in* wide w be ne$$ = ! b9d+ & = susp5d+ ! hold] f ! apron4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--,! hold] ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! pupils %\ld fir/ c>efully measure & turn ! mat]ial = ! cov]+ ( ! hold] & !n prep>e ! l9+1 ba/+ x all toge!r4 ,!y %\ld !n put 9 ! runn+-/it* & f9i% ) ! b9d+4 ,if x is n possible to complete ! hold] 9 "o p]iod1 a second lesson p]iod %\ld be provid$1 or arrangem5ts may be made to h sup]vis$ "w done outside ( ! lesson h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--;,cap ,,lesson ,,xx3 ,a ,,cap ,,to ,,we> ,,) ,,! ,,cook+ ,,apron ,,subject-,,matt] ,! simple/ cap to make w be ! circul> "o4 ,a patt]n %\ld be made by draw+ ) a p5cil & /r+ on a piece ( wrapp+-pap] a circle #ba in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! mat]ial = ! cap %\ld be cut c>efully ar\nd ! circle & f9i%$ ) a n>r[ hem4 ,a tape to hold ! draw-/r+ %\ld be plac$ #a-a_/d in*es inside ! edge ( ! hem4 ,a small piece ( c>dbo>d cut ab\t "o-half in* wide %\ld be us$ = measur+ ! position ( ! tape4 ,bias /rips ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* wide %\ld be prep>$ = ! tape1 or a comm]cial tape ?ree eigh?s ( an in* wide may be pur*as$4 ,! out] edge ( ! tape %\ld be ba/$ fir/ & ! edges jo9$2 !n ! inn] edges %\ld be ba/$1 ! edge be+ kept smoo?4 ,bo? edges %\ld be neatly sewn ) ! hemm+-/it* by h& or on ! ma*9e4 ,an ela/ic %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! b&1 c>efully fitt$ to ! head1 & ! ends fa/5$ neatly4 ,,prelim9>y ,,plan ,?is lesson w give a good opportunity to make a cap t w answ] = a du/ cap or s]ve z a "p ( ! cook+ uni=m4 ,if su* a cap does n seem desirable & ! =m] lesson has n be5 complet$1 ! cap may be omitt$ & ! "w on ! hold] cont9u$4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,"w ,! pupils %\ld fir/ make ! patt]n = ! cap & !n cut out _! mat]ial4 ,! hem %\ld be ba/$ & /it*$ ) ! hemm+-/it*4 ,! bias /rip %\ld be ba/$ on & sewn ) a runn+-/it*4 ,x w probably n be possible = ! pupils to complete ! cap 9 "o class p]iod2 b1 if ! mat]ial has be5 cut out & ! "w />t$1 !y may be able to complete x at "s o!r "t4 ,! /it*es are n new1 & ! "w w s]ve z an excell5t te/ ( ! skill !y h acquir$ 9 ! c\rse4 ,,h\sehold ,,sci5ce ,,equipm5t ,! introduction ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce into rural s*ools has be5 h9d]$ by ! preval5t impression t ! subject requires equipm5t simil> to t 9 ! ,h\sehold ,sci5ce c5tres ( t[ns & cities1 :]e provision is made = ! in/ruction ( tw5ty-f\r pupils at "o "t & = f t5 to fifte5 diff]5t classes ea* week4 ,ow+ to ! exp5se & ! lack ( accommodation1 x is n possible to in/all su* equipm5t 9 rural s*ools4 ,= ?is & o!r reasons x has be5 conclud$ t ! subject is beyond ! possibilities ( ! rural s*ool4 ,t ?is is n ! case is %[n by ! fact t _m rural s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & "s 9 ,saskat*ewan1 z well z a numb] 9 our own ,prov9ce1 are tea*+ ! subject successfully1 ) equipm5t specially design$ to meet exi/+ conditions4 ,! accommodations & equipm5t requir$ may be classifi$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,work+ tables #b4 ,cupbo>ds & cab9ets = /or+ ! ut5sils #c4 ,/oves #d4 ,cook+ & s]v+ ut5sils #a4 ,! provision = work+ tables is condition$ by ! space available1 & e ef=t mu/ be made to economize ?is space4 ,! equipm5t may be plac$ 9 ! basem5t or 9 a small ante-room4 ,9 "o s*ool 9 ! ,prov9ce v successful "w is be+ done 9 a l>ge corridor4 ,:5 a new s*ool-h\se is be+ erect$1 provision %\ld be made by build+ a small "w-room (f ! class-room4 ,! possibilities ( a small1 portable build+1 9 close proximity to ! s*ool1 %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,work+ draw+ ( fold+ table ,:]e ! s*ool is provid$ ) a l>ge table1 ?is may be made ( s]vice4 ,:5 us$ z a work+ table x %\ld be cov]$ ) a %eet ( :ite oil-clo?4 ,:5 us$ z a d9+-table a :ite table-clo? may be sub/itut$ = ! oil-clo?4 ,if ! s*ool does n possess a table1 two or ?ree bo>ds may be plac$ on tre/les1 if ! space at ! front or ! back ( ! room p]mits1 & ^! may be /or$ away :5 n requir$4 ,a table ) fold+ legs1 su* z is %[n 9 ,figures #bb & #bc1 may also be us$4 ,! top ( ! cab9et conta9+ ! ut5sils or an ord9>y kit*5 table clos$ 9 z a cupbo>d und]nea?1 may be made to s]ve4 ,long bo>ds1 ab\t eighte5 in*es wide1 plac$ across ! tops ( six or eight desks1 provide good accommodation4 ,^! %\ld be block$ up level & %\ld be provid$ ) cleats at ea* end1 9 ord] to prev5t movem5t4 ,:5 n 9 use !y may /& flat aga9/ ! wall & occupy v little space4 ,sep>ate bo>ds1 re/+ on a desk at ea* end1 may also be plac$ across ! aisles4 ,ea* ( ^! w provide work+ space = "o pupil4 ,tables :i* drop d[n flat :5 n 9 use may be fix$ to ! walls ( ! s*ool-room4 ,z s*ools v>y 9 _m respects1 x is n possible to outl9e a plan :i* w suit all2 b t plan %\ld be *os5 :i* w be/ meet ! requirem5ts ( ! p>ticul> s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc3 ,fold+ ,table ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd--;,h\sehold ,sci5ce ,cab9et = ,rural ,s*ools #b4 ,! cupbo>ds & cab9ets to conta9 ! ut5sils may take v>i\s =ms4 ,a kit*5 cab9et co/+ f tw5ty-five to ?irty-five doll>s may be obta9$ f a furniture /ore1 or "o may be made by a local c>p5t]4 ,a l>ge pack+-case pa9t$ br[n outside & :ite inside 7= cleanl9ess7 is satisfactorily us$ 9 "s s*ools4 ,if cov]$ ) oil-clo?1 ! top ( ?is may be us$ z an additional table4 ,a few %elves plac$ across a corn] ( ! room & cov]$ ) a door or curta9 may be us$1 or x may be possible to devote "o %elf ( ! s*ool cupbo>d to ! /or+ ( ! ut5sils4 ,x is desirable to h a comb9ation cupbo>d & table1 :i* w conta9 mo/ ( ! equipm5t1 includ+ ! /ove4 ,figure #bd is a work+ draw+ ( su* a cab9et1 :i* may be made by a local c>p5t] or by ! old] boys ( ! s*ool4 ,! directions = mak+ ?is cab9et are z foll[s3 ,obta9 two boxes & cut or re-make !m s t ea* is #cj in*es high :5 /&+ on end1 #ab-a_/d in*es across ! front inside1 & #ah in*es f front to back4 ,^! w =m ! two end ,sections1 ,a & ,b4 ,inside ! sides ( ^! boxes nail #a in* #g_/h in* /rips1 to =m ! slides = ! draw]4 ,! slides come )9 #g_/h ( an in* ( ! front edge4 ,rails may be nail$ across ! front4 ,guide pieces %\ld be nail$ to ! slides1 9 ord] to keep ! draw]s /raight4 ,divide ,section ,a = "o draw] & cupbo>d4 ,! draw]s may be made out ( rais9 boxes cut d[n to ! requir$ size4 ,to ! front ( ea* draw]1 nail a piece ( beav] bo>d or p9e a little l>g] ?an ! draw] front4 ,use any h&les t may be conv5i5tly obta9$4 ,cut two pieces #d' #i-a_/b #a-a_/b #g_/h4 ,space ! ,sections z %[n1 & nail ^! pieces firmly to ! fronts ( ! l>g] boxes1 ,a & ,b1 top & bottom4 ,f\r end pieces #ah #a-a_/b w be requir$4 ,fill 9 ,section ,c1 9 ?is case1 #b' #g-a_/b1 ) ! pieces f ! box lids or ) ord9>y floor+4 ,make a door = ! cupbo>d f simil> mat]ial4 ,! top is be/ made f good1 cle>1 :ite p9e4 ,screw batt5s across1 & screw ! :ole firmly to ! box top f ! inside4 ,if m table space is requir$1 make a simil> b5* top1 :i* c re/ on top ( ! cab9et :5 n 9 use4 ,:5 requir$1 x may be plac$ ov] ! desks4 ,/eel or glass %oes or wood5 skids or batt5s %\ld be fix$ "u ! cab9et1 s t x c be pull$ away f ! /ove & replac$ easily4 ,! dim5sions giv5 are = a two-flame-burn] oil-/ove :i* is #cj in*es high1 #ca in*es across ! front1 & #af in*es f front to back4 ,! middle ,section1 ,c1 & ! total height ( ! cab9et may be enl>g$ or r$uc$ to fit o!r sizes ( /oves4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--;,cab9et1 %[+ /ove 9 position = use ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--;,cab9et1 ) /ove beh9d c5tre p>tition :5 n 9 use ,! mat]ial requir$ =1 & ! approximate co/ (1 su* a cab9et1 lab\r n includ$1 are z foll[s3 #b boxes #be #j4ej #e rais9 boxes #e 4#be #e h&les at #de;c p] doz4 4#bj #a cupbo>d lat* 4#ae or #a turn button 4#jb ,ab\t #i sq4 ft4 floor+ 4#be ,ab\t #h sq4 ft4 p9e = top 4#ej ,pieces = batt5s1 etc4 4#be ,/eel %oes 4#aj ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--,space tak5 by equipm5t 9 class-room ,figure #bg %[s ano!r type ( equipm5t & ! space x occupies 9 ! class-room :5 n 9 use4 ,! cupbo>d & ! back ( ! cab9et conta9 ! equipm5t necess>y = tea*+ twelve pupils at "o "t & also = s]v+ "o hot di% at ! noon lun* to tw5ty-f\r pupils4 ,"o draw] conta9s l951 etc41 & ! o!r1 knives1 =ks1 & spoons4 ,! dim5sions ( ! cupbo>d & ! cab9et are %[n 9 ,figures #bh & #bi1 & ! con/ruction ( ea* is su* t x c be made easily by any c>p5t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--,work+ draw+s ( cupbo>d ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--,work+ draw+ ( cab9et ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--;,cupbo>d ) draw]s & doors op51 %[+ equipm5t ,figure #cj %[s ! cupbo>d & draw]s op5 & ! me?od ( /or+ ! equipm5t4 ,! %elves may be cov]$ ) :ite oil-clo? or br[n pap]1 9 ord] to obviate ! necessity = frequ5t scrubb+4 ,! cupbo>d may be fix$ to ! wall ) mirror plates or small iron brackets1 or x may be screw$ ?r\gh ! back4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--;,back ( cab9et ) equipm5t 9 place ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--;,back ( cab9et ) /ove remov$ ,figure #ca %[s ! back ( ! cab9et1 ) ! ?ree-flame-burn] /ove-ov51 ! "o-flame-burn] /ove1 & o!r ut5sils 9 place4 ,! fold+ table1 previ\sly describ$1 re/s on ! top ( ! cab9et4 ,figure #cb %[s ! back ( ! cab9et ) ! /ove & ov5 remov$4 ,! me?od ( /or+ ut5sils & ! con/ruction ( ! cab9et are cle>ly %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--,?ree-flame-burn] oil-/ove1 ) kettles & "o-flame-burn] oil-/ove on %elf ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--;,h\sehold ,sci5ce equipm5t ) drop-leaf table ,figure #cc %[s ! ?ree-flame-burn] oil-/ove ) ! %elf und]nea? conta9+ ?ree kettles & ! "o-flame-burn] oil-/ove4 ,ano!r type ( equipm5t is %[n 9 ,figure #cd4 ,ea* end ( ! top ( ?is cab9et drops d[n :5 ! cupbo>d doors are clos$1 space be+ ?us economiz$4 ,! top ( ! table may be cov]$ ) oil-clo? or z9c c>efully tack$ d[n on ! edges4 ,! directions = mak+ ?is cab9et are z foll[s3 ,,mat]ials ,,requir$ ,lumb]3 #g pieces #c_/d #d #ad' yell[ p9e ceil+ #f pieces #a #d #ab' yell[ p9e floor+ #a piece #a #ab #ab' #a piece #a #h #ab' ,no4 #a common :ite p9e #a piece #a_/b #f #ad' #d :ite p9e la?s ,h>dw>e3 #g pairs #a-a_/b #c butt h+es #c cupbo>d cat*es #a piece z9c 7#bg #ci7 #b pieces z9c 7#ba #bg7 #a draw] pull #a lb4 #h;d f9i%+ nails #a lb4 #f;d f9i%+ nails #a_/d lb4 box #a brads #a_/d lb4 box #a-a_/d brads #a box tacks #b ft4 /opp] *a9 ,,/ock ,,bill ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,lumb] ,cut into ,f9i%$ ,dim5sions ,use ! foll[+ pieces3 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #a #h #ab' #b #ac-af #b #cb-a_/b ,top side rails #b #ac-af #b #ah-a_/b ,top end rail #d #ac-af #b #bi-c_/d ,frame po/s #a #ac-af #b #cj-g_/h ,bottom side rail #b #ac-af #b #ah-a_/b ,bottom end rails #a #ac-af #e #ad-c_/h ,drop door ------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------ #b pieces1 #a #d ,floor+ #ab' floor+ #g #c_/d #c-a_/d #cb-a_/b7;bottom7 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #e pieces1 #a #d ,ceil+ 7ends #ad' yell[ p9e & side7 ceil+ #bd #a_/d #c-a_/d #ca-a_/d ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #a #ab #ab' #c #ac-af #aj-a_/d #cb-a_/b ,%elf #a #ac-af #h #cb-a_/b ,%elf #c #ac-af #a-c_/d #ca-a_/d ,cas+ #b #ac-af #a-c_/d #ad-c_/h ,cas+ #a #ac-af #e #ad-c_/h ,draw] front ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #b pieces1 #a #d ,top #ab' floor+ #h #c_/d #c-a_/d #cf ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #b pieces1 #a #d ,doors #ad' yell[ p9e ceil+ #aj #c_/d #c-a_/d #bb-g_/h ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #b pieces1 #a #d ,sw+ tops #ab' floor+ #ab #c_/d #c-a_/d #bd ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #a_/b #f #ab' #b #g-af #e #ai-e_/h ,draw] slides #a #g-af #e #ac-a_/b ,draw] back #d #g-af #d-c_/d #ac-a_/b ,draw] bottom ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #a_/b #f #ab' #a #g-af #d-a_/b #ac-a_/b ,p>titions #c #g-af #d-a_/b #aj ,p>titions ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,tools ,rule ,lead-p5cil ,saw ,hamm] ,/eel squ>e ,plane #a_/b ,*isel & ,screw-driv] ,,directions ,,= ,,mak+ ,i ,cutt+ & ,squ>+ ,/ock-- ,cut ! /ock only z ne$$1 9 ! foll[+ ord]1 & squ>e up accord+ to ! directions previ\sly giv54 #a4 ,frame2 rip ! #a #h #ab' piece = ! frame mat]ial #b4 ,bottom #c4 ,ends & sides #d4 ,%elves #e4 ,top #f4 ,cas+ #g4 ,doors #h4 ,sw+ tops #i4 ,miscellane\s pieces ,,ii ,assembl+-- ,frame3 #a4 ,*eck up ! dim5sions ( ! pieces squ>$ up = ! frame4 #b4 ,lay out & cut ! lap jo9ts 9 ! top side rails & frame po/s1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 #c4 ,nail ! frame toge!r4 #d4 ,te/ ! corn]s ( ! frame ) a /eel try-squ>e & brace x by nail+1 tempor>ily1 sev]al /rips diagonally across ! corn]s4 ,bottom3 #a4 ,cut sev5 pieces ( floor+ #cb-a_/b long = ! bottom & plane (f ! groove ( "o piece4 #b4 ,turn ! frame upside d[n & nail ?is piece ) ! smoo? edge project+ #g_/h ov] ! front side ( ! frame4 ,nail ! re/ ( ! floor+ s t ea* piece mat*es tightly4 ,ends3 #a4 ,= ! back1 cut elev5 pieces ( ceil+ #ca-a_/d long4 #b4 ,plane (f ! groove edge ( "o piece ( ceil+ & nail x on ! back ( ! frame ev5 ) ! end4 #c4 ,nail ! re/ ( ! ceil+ on ! back4 ,be sure t ea* jo9t mat*es tightly4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4--;,frame ( cab9et nail$ toge!r ,%elves3 #a4 ,make f\r /rips 7#c_/d #c_/d #af-a_/b7 & nail two ( !m inside1 across ea* end1 #ae & #bd f ! bottom4 ,^! /rips hold ! %elves4 #b4 ,f a #a #ab piece cut two pieces #cb-a_/b long2 fit & nail !m 9 = ! upp] %elf4 #c4 ,make ! bottom %elf ( two pieces1 "o #aj-a_/d wide & ! o!r #h wide4 ,:5 ^! bo>ds are nail$ 9 place1 ! %elf is n>r[ en\gh to all[ ! doors1 ) pockets on1 to close4 #d4 ,make two /rips2 "o #ac-af #a #af-a_/b & ! o!r #ac-af #a-c_/d #bj-a_/b1 & nail !m to ! top %elf = draw] guides4 ,top3 #a4 ,cut eight pieces ( floor+ #cf long = ! top4 #b4 ,plane (f ! groove ( "o piece & nail x on ! top ( ! frame1 s t ! smoo? edge & ! ends project #a ov] ! front side & ends ( ! cab9et4 #c4 ,nail ! re/ ( ! floor+ on = ! top1 be+ sure t ea* jo9t mat*es tightly4 ,! la/ piece mu/ also project #a ov] ! back side4 ,cas+3 #a4 ,nail ! cas+1 :i* is #a-c_/d wide1 on ! front ( ! cab9et4 ,doors3 #a4 ,make ea* door #c_/d #ad-c_/h #bb-g_/h f five pieces ( ceil+ #bb-g_/h long1 held toge!r by cleats at ! top & bottom4 #b4 ,fit ea* door c>efully1 !n hang !m ) butt h+es4 ,fa/5 a cupbo>d cat* on ea* door4 ,drop ,door3 #a4 ,make ! drop door #ac-af #ad-c_/h & h+e x ) a pair ( butt h+es4 ,put on ! /opp] *a9 & cat*4 ,sw+ ,tops3 ,! sw+ tops are ea* made f six pieces ( floor+ #bd long cleat$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--,work+ details #a4 ,plane (f ! groove edge ( "o piece & mat* !m all toge!r4 #b4 ,make ! cleats #c_/d #b #ae & nail ! top to !m4 7,see ! draw+ = ! position ( ! cleats47 #c4 ,rip (f ! tongue edge & plane x s t ! top is exactly #ah wide4 #d4 ,turn ! cab9et upside d[n on ! floor & fit ! sw+ tops4 ,hang !m ) a pair ( butt h+es opposite ! ends ( ! cleats4 #e4 ,make a ,t-brace ) a nail$ cross lap jo9t f two pieces1 "o be+ #ac-af #b #ad1 ! o!r #ac-af #b #af-a_/b4 ,! long edge ( ! ,t & ! leg mu/ be bevell$ #ac-af on "o side4 ,fit & hang a ,t-brace ) a pair ( butt h+es on ea* side ( ! sw+ tops4 #f4 ,make two brace cleats & fa/5 !m to ! ends ( ! cab9et1 s t ! sw+ tops are held level & ev5 ) ! top ( ! cab9et4 ,putt+ ,z9c on ! ,top3 #a4 ,unscrew ! sw+ tops f ! cab9et to put ! z9c on4 #b4 ,place ! piece ( z9c1 #bg #ci1 on top1 ext5d+ #a-a_/b ov] ! edges all ar\nd4 #c4 ,hold ! z9c firmly 9 place & make a squ>e b5d along ! front edge ) a hamm] or mallet1 b5d+ ! edge ( ! z9c up "u ! top4 #d4 ,pun* a /raight r[ ( holes #a ap>t ?r\gh ! z9c & tack x on4 #e4 ,b5d ! back edge1 pun* & tack 9 ! same mann] z ! front edge1 b be sure ! z9c fits snugly on ! top4 #f4 ,b5d ! ends ( ! z9c ! same z be=e1 b be v c>eful to fold ! corn]s neatly4 #g4 ,put ! z9c on ! sw+ tops 9 ! same mann]4 #h4 ,fa/5 ! sw+ tops aga9 to ! top ( ! cab9et4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--,work+ details ,draw]3 ,! draw] front1 #ac-af #e #ad-c_/h1 ) lap #c_/h #a_/b cut out on ! ends4 #a4 ,nail ! sides1 #a_/b #e #ai-e_/h1 to ! lap ( ! front & to ! ends ( ! back4 #b4 ,nail ! bottom 9 betwe5 ! sides #a_/h f ! l[] edge4 ,?is all[s ! draw] to slide on ! edges ( ! sides4 #c4 ,put ! p>titions 9 ! draw] z call$ = by ?is plan4 ,! racks = cov]s & pie t9s %[n 9 ! draw+s are made f two pieces1 #ac-af #b #d1 "o piece #ac-af #b #aj-a_/b = ! bottom1 & two pieces ( la? #ab long = ! sides4 ,^! racks may be plac$ on ! doors z %[n1 or may be *ang$ to suit ! equipm5t4 ,,iii ,f9i%+-- #a4 ,set all ! nails & putty ! holes4 #b4 ,s&pap] ! cab9et c>efully4 #c4 ,pa9t or /a9 & wax ! outside ( ! cab9et1 to h>monize ) ! surr\nd+s :]e x is to be us$4 #d4 ,pa9t ! inside ) two coats ( :ite enamel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4--;,cab9et complet$ ,be=e putt+ on ! enamel1 apply a coat ( ord9>y :ite-lead pa9t & all[ x to dry ?or\ghly4 ,if desir$1 ! outside ( ! cab9et may be f9i%$ 9 :ite enamel1 ?\gh ?is is some:at m exp5sive ?an ! pa9t or /a9 recomm5d$ above4 ,all ! ,h\sehold ,sci5ce ,cab9ets %[n h a two-fold purpose4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y furni% /orage space = ! ut5sils & work+ space = ! pupils4 ,9 ! second place1 !y (f] a mo/ int]e/+ manual tra9+ project = a boys' club4 ,! memb]s c make any "o ( !m1 ?us correlat+ _! practical woodwork & ! dome/ic sci5ce ( ! girls &1 9 ?is way1 exhibit+ ! co-op]ative _s ( ! home & ! s*ool4 #c4 ,9 "s cases x may be possible to use ! s*ool /ove = cook+ purposes4 ,"s s*ools use natural gas = heat+ &1 :]e ?is is ! case1 provision = cook+ may readily be made4 ,o!r s*ools situat$ on a hydro-electric l9e1 may1 z has be5 done 9 "o case1 use electricity z a s\rce ( heat4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 ! majority ( s*ools may f9d x be/ to use "o ( ! _m oil-/oves n[ on ! m>ket4 ,"o-1 two-1 or ?ree-flame-burn] /oves may be obta9$ = g5]al use4 ,! two-1 or ?ree-flame-burn] /oves are recomm5d$1 z !y are less likely to be ov]turn$4 ,! "o-flame-burn] /ove1 h[ev]1 is (t5 useful z an additional provision4 ,a good grade ( oil %\ld be us$1 & ! /ove %\ld be kept scrupul\sly clean1 con/ant att5tion be+ paid to ! condition ( ! wick4 ,any oil spilt on ! /ove :5 x is be+ fill$ %\ld be c>efully wip$ (f be=e light+4 ,if att5tion is paid to ^! details1 ! /ove w burn )\t any p]ceptible od\r4 #d4 ,! numb] ( ! ut5sils & ! am\nt ( equipm5t dep5d ^u ! community & ! numb] ( pupils to be consid]$4 ,by c>eful plann+ few ut5sils are ne$$4 ,!y %\ld be z good z ! p ( ! neighb\rhood c af=d &1 9 g5]al1 %\ld be ( ! same "* z ^? us$ 9 ! homes ( ! di/rict4 ,all ! table-clo?s1 t[els1 di%-clo?s1 etc41 requir$ %\ld be hemm$ by ! pupils4 ,articles = /or+ supplies may be b\ght or donat$4 ,glass cani/]s ) close lids are be/1 b z sub/itutes1 fruit j>s1 jelly glasses1 or t9 cans w s]ve ! purpose4 ,x is an easy matt] to secure an empty l>d-bucket or a syrup-c = fl\r or meal1 empty c(fee-cans = sug> or />*1 etc41 & bak+-p[d] or cocoa-t9s = spices4 ,ea* %\ld be pla9ly labell$4 ,sev]al typical li/s ( equipm5t 9 ,h\sehold ,sci5ce are giv5 "h4 ,^! may be modifi$ to suit p>ticul> circum/ances4 ,consid]able exp5se may be sav$ if ! pupils br+ _! own individual equipm5t--s\p-b[l1 cup & sauc]1 plate1 spoon1 knife1 =k1 & pap] napk9s4 ,?is plan is n advis$ unless x is absolutely necess>y1 b1 if foll[$1 an ef=t %\ld be made to h ! articles z uni=m z possible4 ,! foll[+ equipm5t is t conta9$ 9 ! cab9et illu/rat$ on page #aeb & is suffici5t = giv+ organiz$ in/ruction to six pupils4 ,if a noon lun* is provid$1 additional individual equipm5t w be requir$4 ,,equipm5t ,,= ,,rural ,,s*ool ,,h\sehold ,,sci5ce ,,cab9et--,,no4 #a #a ,p]fection blue-flame /ove 7two-flame7 #ae4jj #a ,two-burn] ov5 #d4ej #a ,coal-oil c 4#ej #a ,di%-pan #a4ae #a ,tea-kettle #a4ej #a ,l>ge sauce-pan & cov] 4#ge #b ,m$ium sauce-pans & cov]s1 #cj;c ea* 4#fj #b ,small sauce-pans & cov]s1 #be;c ea* 4#ej #b ,fry+-pans1 #bj;c ea4 4#dj #b ,pudd+ bake-di%es1 #ej;c ea4 #a4jj #b ,muff9 pans 7#ab r+s1 ea* #cj;c7 4#fj #a ,soap-di% 4#be #d ,small mix+ b[ls1 #af;c ea4 4#fd #b ,pit*]s1 #ee;c ea4 #a4aj #c ,cass]oles1 #bj;c1 #be;c1 #cj;c 4#ge #f ,measur+ cups1 #ij;c ea4 4#fj #f ,cu/>d cups1 #ij;c doz4 4#de #f ,:ite plates1 #a4de doz4 4#gc #f ,supply j>s1 #ij;c doz4 4#de #b ,vegetable bru%es1 #e;c ea4 4#aj #a ,grat] 4#bj #b ,egg-beat]s1 #aj;c ea4 4#bj #ab ,=ks #b4be #ab ,teaspoons #a4bj #f ,tablespoons1 #b4he doz4 #a4dc #f ,vegetable knives1 #be;c ea4 #a4ej #f ,case knives1 #c4jj doz4 #a4ej #b ,/ra9]s1 #bj;c ea4 4#dj #a ,spatula 4#dj #a ,bread knife 4#ej #a ,c-op5] 4#aj #a ,fr5* knife 4#de #b ,wat] pails1 #a4ae ea4 #b4cj #f ,di%-t[els1 #be;c ea4 #a4ej #c ,di%-clo?s1 #aj;c ea4 4#cj #c ,r9s+ clo?s1 #aj;c ea4 4#cj #a yd4 oil-clo? 4#de #e y>ds *eeseclo? 4#ce ,,equipm5t ,,= ,,rural ,,s*ool ,,h\sehold ,,sci5ce ,,cab9et--,,no4 ,,ii ,! equipm5t includ$ 9 ! ,cab9et & ,cupbo>d %[n 9 ,figure #bg1 page #aed1 is z foll[s3 ,= ,six ,pupils #a ,cupbo>d #ae4jj #a ,cab9et table #aj4jj #a ,?ree-burn] oil-/ove #ba4jj #a ,portable ov5 #b4bj #a ,/orage t9 #a4ce #b ,di%-pans #a4cj #b ,dra9+ pans 4#ij #b ,scrub bas9s 4#hj #b ,soap-di%es 4#dj #a ,pail 4#ee #b ,pails #a4hj #b ,dipp]s 4#gj #b ,tea-kettles #b4jj #c ,knead+ bo>ds 4#ij #c ,roll+-p9s 4#de #a ,oil-c #a4aj #a ,/ove mitt 4#bj #a ,du/-pan 4#aj #a ,:isk 4#ae #b ,scrub-bru%es 4#cj #c ,vegetable bru%es 4#ae #c ,/ew pans #a4je #b ,sauce-pans 4#ej #c ,fry+-pans 4#ge #c ,/ra9]s 4#ci #c ,pie plates 4#ae #c ,measur+ cups 7t97 4#cj #a ,measur+ cup 7glass7 4#ae #a ,d\ble boil] 4#he #c ,bak+-di%es 4#ch #b ,cake t9s 4#cj #c ,toa/]s 4#cj #a ,tea-pot 4#be #a ,c(fee-pot 4#ce #a ,pit*] 7#b qu>ts7 4#ah #a 7#a p9t7 4#aj #e ,b[ls 4#fj #f ,cu/>d cups 4#fj #a ,butt] crock 4#cj #a ,cov]$ pail 7#a p9t7 4#ae #b ,trays 4#bj #a ,grat] 4#aj #a ,potato ma%] 4#aj #a ,c-op5] 4#aj #a ,fr5* knife 4#ce #a ,bread 4#ce #c ,egg-beat]s 4#ae #a ,dov] egg-beat] 4#aj #c ,wood5 spoons 4#ae #f ,p>+ knives 4#ij ,= ,eight ,pupils #a ,cupbo>d #ae4jj #a ,cab9et table #aj4jj #a ,collapsible table #e4jj #a ,?ree-burn] oil-/ove #ba4jj #a ,"o-burn] oil-/ove #f4ej #a ,portable ov5 #b4bj #a ,/orage t9 #a4ce #b ,di%-pans #a4cj #b ,dra9+ pans 4#ij #d ,scrub bas9s #a4fj #b ,soap-di%es 4#dj #a ,pail 4#ee #b ,pails #a4hj #b ,dipp]s 4#gj #c ,tea-kettles #c4jj #d ,knead+ bo>ds #a4bj #d ,roll+-p9s 4#fj #a ,oil-c #a4aj #a ,/ove mitt 4#bj #a ,du/-pan 4#aj #a ,:isk 4#ae #d ,scrub bru%es 4#fj #d ,vegetable bru%es 4#bj #d ,/ew-pans #a4dj #b ,sauce-pans 4#ej #d ,fry+-pans #a4jj #d ,/ra9]s 4#eb #d ,pie plates 4#bj #d ,measur+ cups 7t97 4#dj #a ,measur+ cup 7glass7 4#ae #a ,d\ble boil] 4#he #d ,bak+-di%es 4#ej #b ,cake t9s 4#cj #d ,toa/]s 4#dj #a ,tea-pot 4#be #a ,c(fee-pot 4#ce #b ,pit*]s 7#b qu>ts7 4#ce #a ,pit*] 7#a qu>t7 4#aj #f ,b[ls 4#gb #f ,cu/>d cups 4#fj #a ,butt] crock 4#cj #a ,cov]$ pail 7#a p9t7 4#ae #b ,trays 4#bj #a ,grat] 4#aj #a ,potato ma%] 4#aj #a ,c-op5] 4#aj #a ,fr5* knife 4#ce #a ,bread 4#ce #d ,egg-beat]s 4#bj #a ,dov] egg-beat] 4#aj #d ,wood5 spoons 4#bj #f ,p>+ knives 4#ij ,= ,twelve ,pupils #a ,cupbo>d #ae4jj #a ,cab9et table #aj4jj #a ,collapsible table #e4jj #b ,?ree-burn] oil-/oves #db4jj #a ,portable ov5 #b4bj #a /orage t9 #a4ce #c ,di%-pans #a4ie #c ,dra9+-pans #a4ce #f ,scrub bas9s #b4dj #c ,soap-di%es 4#fj #a ,pail 4#ee #b ,pails #a4hj #b ,dipp]s 4#gj #c ,tea-kettles #c4jj #f ,knead+ bo>ds #a4hj #f ,roll+-p9s 4#ij #a ,oil-c #a4aj #b ,/ove mitts 4#dj #a ,du/-pan 4#aj #a ,:isk 4#ae #f ,scrub bru%es 4#ij #f ,vegetable bru%es 4#cj #f ,/ew pans #b4aj #c ,sauce-pans 4#ge #f ,fry+-pans #a4ej #f ,/ra9]s 4#gh #f ,pie plates 4#cj #f ,measur+ cups 7t97 4#fj #a ,measur+ cup 7glass7 4#ae #a ,d\ble boil] 4#he #f ,bak+-di%es 4#ge #c ,cake t9s 4#de #f ,toa/]s 4#fj #a ,tea-pot 4#be #a ,c(fee-pot 4#ce #b ,pit*]s 7#b qt47 4#ce #b 7#a qt47 4#bj #h ,b[ls 4#if #f ,cu/>d cups 4#fj #a ,butt] crock 4#cj #a ,cov]$ pail 7#a pt47 4#ae #b ,trays 4#bj #a ,grat] 4#aj #a ,potato ma%] 4#aj #a ,c-op5] 4#aj #a ,fr5* knife 4#ce #a ,bread 4#ce #f ,egg-beat]s 4#cj #c ,dov] egg-beat]s 4#cj #f ,wood5 spoons 4#cj #ab ,p>+ knives #a4hj ,9 ! equipm5t = twelve pupils1 ?ree "o-burn] oil-/oves at #f4ej ea* might be us$ 9 place ( ! second l>ge /ove4 ,9 ?is case extra provision mu/ be made = /or+ ! /oves :5 n 9 use1 z ! cab9et %[n does n provide space = m ?an "o l>ge /ove4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 us+ ! "o-burn] /ove to avoid upsett+ x :ile x is 9 use4 ,! equipm5t giv5 above is g5]\s1 & r$uctions may be made if necess>y4 ,9 any case x is n advisable t ! :ole equipm5t %\ld be pur*as$ at once2 only suffici5t to make a beg9n+ %\ld be secur$1 & fur!r ut5sils may be add$ z ! necessity = _! use arises4 ,if a hot di% is s]v$ at ! noon lun*1 z is mo/ desirable1 ! foll[+ w be ne$$ 9 addition1 9 ord] to s]ve tw5ty-f\r pupils3 #bd ,knives #b4dj #bd ,=ks #a4bj #bd ,teaspoons 4#dj #ab ,tablespoons 4#fj #f ,salt & pepp] %ak]s #a4ej #bd ,glasses #a4ej #bd ,plates #b4bj #d ,plates 7l>ge7 4#ej #bd ,cups & sauc]s #d4bj #bd ,fruit & vegetable di%es #a4ej ,,hectograph ,! hectograph is a device = mak+ copies ( writt5 "w4 ,tea*]s ^: s*ools h limit$ black-bo>d space w f9d x ( great s]vice4 ,recipes & o!r rules = "w may be copi$ & di/ribut$ to ! pupils1 & ?us kept 9 a p]man5t =m4 ,_m o!r uses 9 connection ) ! g5]al "w ( ! s*ool w sugge/ !mselves4 ,! foll[+ are ! directions = mak+3 ,soak #a-a_/b ounces ( :ite glue 9 ?ree ounces ( wat] until x is well s(t5$4 ,cook 9 a d\ble boil] until ! :ole mass is smoo?4 ,remove f ! fire & add six ounces ( glyc]9e4 ,mix well1 re-heat1 skim1 & p\r into a %all[ pan or on a slate4 ,prick ! bubbles z soon z !y %[4 ,all[ ! mixture to /& = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & x is !n ready = use4 ,write ! mat]ial to be copi$1 9 hectograph ink1 on a %eet ( ! same size z t on :i* ! copy is to be made4 ,write cle>ly & space c>efully4 ,wipe ! hectograph ) a damp clo?4 ,lay a %eet ( unglaz$ pap] on ! hectograph1 rub x c>efully1 & take (f at once4 ,?is removes any drops ( wat]1 b leaves ! surface moi/4 ,lay ! writt5 side ( ! %eet on ! hectograph & rub x c>efully ov] its :ole surface ) a s(t clo?1 s t e p>ticle ( ! writ+ comes 9 contact ) ! surface ( ! hectograph4 ,leave x !re = f\r or five m9utes4 ,lift "o corn] & peel (f c>efully4 ,lay a pla9 %eet on ! hectograph & rub z be=e4 ,take (f z be=e4 ,if ! copy is n cle>1 leave ! next %eet on a little long]4 ,:5 suffici5t copies h be5 made1 wa% ! hectograph ) a wet clo? be=e putt+ x away4 ,keep 9 a cool1 dry place4 ,,! ,,rural ,,s*ool ,,lun* ,! be/ me?od ( approa* to ,h\sehold ,sci5ce 9 ! rural s*ool is ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! hot noon-day lun* or ! prep>ation ( "o or two hot di%es to supplem5t ! lun* br\ght f home4 ,ow+ to ! fact t _m pupils live f> f ! s*ool1 x is impossible = !m to g home = ! mid-day meal1 & !y are ?us dep5d5t ^u lun*es :i* !y br+ ) !m4 ,v frequ5tly ! pupils are all[$ to eat _! lun*es :]e & h[ !y please1 & ! me?od *os5 is conducive nei!r to com=t nor to heal?4 ,9 f9e wea!r !y d n wi% to lose any "t f _! games1 & s !y eat _! food :ile play+1 or !y bolt x1 9 ord] t !y may get to _! play m quickly4 ,9 sev]e wea!r !y cr[d r\nd ! /eps or ! /ove & d n hesitate to scatt] crumbs & cru/s4 ,9 "o case ev5 a tea*] has be5 se5 hold+ a s&wi* 9 "o h& & writ+ on ! black-bo>d ) ! o!r4 ,9 _m cases ! lun* does n attract ! pupil4 ,x is (t5 c>ri$1 )\t prop] wrapp+1 9 a t9 pail1 & x !n absorbs ! ta/e ( ! t92 aga91 x is (t5 wrapp$ 9 a newspap] & is flav\r$ ) pr9t]'s ink2 occasionally1 x is wrapp$ 9 clo? n too clean4 ,conditions su* z ^! are n fair to ! pupils4 ,!y come a long way to s*ool1 (t5 ov] poor roads2 & x is necess>y1 = bo? _! physical & _! m5tal developm5t1 t !y %\ld receive adequate n\ri%m5t s]v$ z attractively z possible4 ,_m ( ! defects f\nd among s*ool *ildr5 c be trac$1 to a great] or less ext5t1 to lack ( nutrition4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y draft %[s t ! numb] ( ^? physically defective is f sev5 to tw5ty p] c5t4 high] 9 rural di/ricts ?an 9 t[ns & cities1 & ?is diff]5ce is n peculi> to t c\ntry4 ,may we n reasonably suppose t _m ( ^! defects are caus$ by mal-nutrition1 & t ?is mal-nutrition is 9 "p due to ! poor noon-day lun*8 ,z ^! defects h9d] m5tal z well z physical developm5t1 ! "q ( prop] nutrition ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s*ool lun* becomes an educational "o4 ,,! ,,box ,,lun* ,) prop] c>e 9 ! selection ( food1 ! pack+ ( ! lun* box1 & rational me?ods ( consumption1 !re is no reason :y ! box lun* %\ld n be n\ri%+1 attractive1 & possess an educational value4 ,x may be laid d[n z an axiom t e s*ool lun* %\ld be sup]vis$ by ! tea*] & hap-haz>d me?ods ( eat+ ! lun* %\ld be prohibit$4 ,^? s*ools t are =tunate en\gh to possess a l>ge table c approximate some:at to ! be/ home conditions1 & h ! table set 9 ! prop] mann]1 z %[n 9 ,lesson ,,vi1 page #ah4 ,! pupils %\ld sit r\nd ! table1 at ! head ( :i* is ! tea*]1 & ! lun* may be made to p>take ( ! nature ( a family p>ty4 ,if rightly manag$1 ! meal1 ev5 "u ! unusual difficulties pres5t$ 9 ! rural s*ool1 may (f] ! mo/ fav\rable opportunities to inculcate habits ( cleanl9ess & neatness & to cultivate good mann]s4 ,! pupils w le>n some?+ ab\t ! prop] selection ( food & ! importance ( ?or\gh ma/ication4 ,clean h&s & faces & tidy hair %\ld be insi/$ ^u1 & individual dr9k+ cups %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,z a manual tra9+ ex]cise1 ea* pupil may be taught to make 8 own dr9k+ cup f heavy wax$ pap]4 ,grace may be said by ! old] pupils 9 turn4 ,! table %\ld be made to look z attractive z possible4 ,! pupils1 9 turn1 might und]take to h ! table-clo? wa%$ at home or1 9 place ( a l95 clo?1 a cov]+ ( :ite oil-clo? may be us$4 ,9 "s cases ! s*ool g>d5 w be able to supply fl[]s or a gr[+ plant = a c5trepiece4 ,?ree or f\r ( ! l>g] pupils1 ei!r boys or girls1 may set ! table 9 t5 m9utes1 :ile ! o!rs are wa%+ _! h&s & faces & tidy+ _! hair4 ,"s su* plan z ?is w add palatability & *e] to ! monotony ( ! ev]yday cold & (t5 unattractive lun* & w create a _s ( true & heal?y sociability among ! pupils4 ,9 s*ools t d n possess tables l>ge en\gh to be us$ z sugge/$ above1 ea* pupil %\ld be requir$ to set "o place at 8 own desk1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration on page #bj4 ,a pap] napk9 may be us$ = a table-clo?1 if a small piece ( :ite oil-clo? is n procurable4 ,ea* pupil reta9s 8 place until all h f9i%$2 he %\ld !n dispose ( ! crumbs & leave 8 desk tidy4 ,f tw5ty m9utes to half an h\r is g5]ally f\nd suffici5t = ! meal4 ,!re %\ld be *e]ful conv]sation & re/ra9$ laught] ?r\gh\t ! meal1 & acts ( c\rtesy & g5]osity %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,at seasons :5 !re are no flies1 & on days :5 ! wea!r is fav\rable1 x is a pleasant *ange to s]ve lun* out-(-doors4 ,! lun* is provid$ by ! home1 b ! tea*] may give "s useful lessons 9 ,h\sehold ,sci5ce by talks on ! cont5ts ( ! lun* box & ! prop] me?ods ( pack+ ! same1 s t ! food w keep 9 good condition until ! "t = its consumption arrives4 ,x is ! duty ( ! s*ool au?orities to provide a suitable /orage place = ! lun* boxes4 ,^! boxes %\ld be kept free f du/ or flies & 9 a place :]e ! food w n freeze 9 w9t]4 ,op5 %elves1 s (t5 se51 are n suitable & a prop]ly v5tilat$ cupbo>d 9 ! s*ool-room %\ld be provid$4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,lun* ,,box ,! :ole "q ( ! box lun* pres5ts a s]i\s problem1 :5 we consid] ! l>ge numb] ( *ildr5 :o mu/ dep5d ^u x = _! noon-day meal4 ,?is meal %\ld be s con/itut$ z to make x a real meal & n a make%ift4 ,! same pr9ciples :i* gov]n ! prep>ation ( ! meal %\ld gov]n ! prep>ation ( ! lun* box4 ,x is said t ! s*ool lun* %\ld consi/ ( some?+ />*y & some?+ meaty1 some?+ fat & some?+ fibr\s1 some?+ sweet & some?+ sav\ry4 ,) s _m v>ieties ( breads1 meats1 *eese1 jams1 etc41 innum]able k9ds ( s&wi*es may be made4 ,= example1 !re are br[n1 graham1 rye1 rais91 nut1 & date breads1 & equally _m k9ds ( meat4 ,su* v>iety makes x q unnecess>y to h an egg s&wi* or h>d-boil$ eggs 9 ! lun* box ea* day4 ,:ile eggs are v valuable 9 ! diet1 a lun* ) h>d-boil$ eggs five times ea* week becomes monoton\s1 & ! appetite ( ! consum] flags4 ,) skill & ?\ght "o c make little scraps ( meat or o!r left-ov]s into attractive s&wi*es4 ,ends ( meat1 gr\nd & mix$ ) salad dress+ or cream1 make delici\s s&wi* fill+s4 ,,s&wi* ,,mak+ ,! bread %\ld be cut ev5ly4 ,! ?ickness ( ! slice %\ld v>y ) ! appetite ( ! consum]4 ,! cru/ %\ld n be remov$4 ,! butt] %\ld be cream$ = spread+4 ,bo? slices %\ld be butt]$1 9 ord] to prev5t ! absorption ( ! fill+4 ,! fill+ %\ld be c>efully plac$ betwe5 ! slices4 ,! s&wi*es %\ld be wrapp$ 9 wax$ pap]1 to prev5t dry+4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,s&wi* ,,fill+ #a4 ,egg & ham3 ,?ree eggs h>d boil$ & *opp$ f9e or gr\nd ,an equal am\nt ( *opp$ or boil$ ham ,salad dress+ ,mix & spread4 #b4 ,rais9 fill+3 ,"o cup ( rais9s gr\nd or *opp$ ,"o half-cup ( wat] ,"o half-cup ( sug> ,"o tablespoonful ( fl\r into ! same quantity ( v9eg> ,juice & grat$ r9d ( "o lemon ,cook 9 a d\ble boil] until ?ick4 #c4 ,fig fill+3 ,remove ! /ems & *op ! figs f9e4 ,add a small quantity ( wat]4 ,cook 9 a d\ble boil] until a pa/e is =m$4 ,add a few drops ( lemon juice4 ,*opp$ peanuts may be add$4 #d4 ,egg3 ,*op a h>d-cook$ egg4 ,mix ) salad dress+ or melt$ butt]1 to a spread+ consi/5cy4 #e4 ,equal p>ts ( f9ely-cut nuts & grat$ *eese1 ) salad dress+ #f4 ,equal p>ts ( grat$ *eese & *opp$ olives #g4 ,s>d9es ) lemon juice or a little dress+ #h4 ,*opp$ dates ) a little cream4 ,nuts may be add$4 #i4 ,?9ly slic$ tomatoes 7seasonal7 #aj4 ,slic$ cucumb]s #aa4 ,m>malade4 ,*opp$ nuts may be add$4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,plann+ ,9 select+ ! food ! foll[+ sugge/ions may prove helpful3 ,prote9--,s&wi*es ( fi%1 meat1 egg1 *eese1 nuts1 di% ( cottage *eese ,= ! old] pupils1 bak$ beans ,c>bohydrates--,bread1 cake1 cookies1 jam1 honey1 dates1 figs1 rais9s1 prunes1 c&y ,fats--,butt]1 cream1 peanut-butt] ,m9]al matt]--,cel]y1 lettuce1 radi%1 tomatoes2 fre% fruits ,note4--,:5 possible1 a bottle ( clean sweet milk %\ld =m "p ( e lun*4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,dess]ts ,cup cu/>ds ( v>i\s flav\rs ,cookies ) nuts & fruits ,cakes--n too ri* ,pies well made & ) good fill+ ,c&y--pla9 home-made ,pres]ves ,cann$ fruits ,fre% fruits ,z (t5 z possible1 a surprise %\ld be includ$1 g5]ally 9 ! =m ( a dess]t ( :i* ! pupil is fond4 ,a surprise adds to ! pupil's pleasure 9 eat+ &1 indirectly1 aids dige/ion4 ,,pack+ ,,! ,,lun* ,,box ,mu* ( ! attractiv5ess ( a lun* dep5ds ^u ! mann] ( pack+4 ,we mu/ consid] ! fact t ! foods mu/ be pack$ toge!r closely & mu/ rema9 s pack$ = sev]al h\rs4 ,?is makes c>eful pack+ a necessity4 ,,rules ,,= ,,pack+ #a4 ,be sure t ! box is absolutely clean4 #b4 ,l9e x ) fre% pap] e "t x is us$4 #c4 ,wrap ea* article ( food 9 wax pap]4 #d4 ,place 9 ! box neatly1 ! food t is to be us$ la/ 9 ! bottom ( ! box1 unless x is easily cru%$4 #e4 ,lay a neatly fold$ napk9 on ! top4 ,,equipm5t ,,= ,,pack+ ,lun* box ,wax$ pap] ,pap] napk9 ,cup or conta9] ) screw top ,dr9k+ cup ,knife1 =k1 & spoon ,!rmos bottle or j> = milk or o!r liquid ,! box itself %\ld be ( od\rless mat]ial1 p]man5t1 & light 9 weight1 admitt+ ( safe means ( v5tilation4 ,pap] bags %\ld nev] be us$ = food conta9]s1 z x is impossible to pack ! lun* 9 !m firmly & well & !re is dang] ( _! be+ torn or ( insects or flies creep+ into !m4 ,boxes ( fibre1 t91 basket weave1 or o!r mat]ial1 may be us$4 ,! box w require scrubb+1 & %\ld be frequ5tly dri$ & air$ well4 ,_m types ( lun* boxes h comp>tm5ts provid$ = ! v>i\s k9ds ( food4 ,wax$ pap] & pap] napk9s1 or ! some:at heavi] pap] t[els ( mu* ! same size1 are v useful = pack+ lun*es1 & may be obta9$ at a l[ price1 p>ticul>ly if b\ght 9 l>ge quantities4 ,an extra napk91 ei!r ( pap] or clo?1 %\ld be put 9 ! basket1 to be spread ov] ! s*ool desk :5 ! lun* is eat54 ,napk9s c be made out ( cotton crepe at a co/ ( a v few c5ts ea*4 ,! crepe may be b\ght by ! y>d & %\ld be cut into squ>es & fr+$4 ,su* napk9s h ! advantage ( n ne$+ to be iron$4 ,pap] cups1 jelly tumbl]s ) cov]s :i* c n[ be b\ght 9 sev]al sizes1 & bottles ) screw tops1 su* z ^? 9 :i* c&y & o!r foods are sold1 may all be us$ = pack+ jellies1 jams1 honey1 etc4 ,! !rmos bottle may be us$ = c>ry+ milk1 or1 if ?is is too exp5sive1 a glass j> ) a tight cov] may be sub/itut$4 ,if ! !rmos bottle is us$1 hot dr9ks may also be c>ri$4 ,,s]v+ ,a ,,hot ,,di% ,! s]v+ ( a hot lun* or ( "o hot di% ne$ be nei!r an elaborate nor an exp5sive matt]4 ,_m rural s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "s ( !m work+ "u conditions worse ?an any ( ours1 are s]v+ at lea/ "o hot di% to supplem5t ! lun* br\ght f home4 ,! advantages ( ?is plan are3 #a4 ,x enables ! pupils to d bett] "w 9 ! aft]noon4 #b4 ,x adds int]e/ to ! s*ool "w & makes ! pupils m ready to g to s*ool 9 bad wea!r4 #c4 ,x gives "s practical tra9+ & paves ! way t[>d def9ite in/ruction 9 ,h\sehold ,sci5ce4 #d4 ,x gives a bett] balance to meals1 & z comp>$ ) a cold lun* x aids dige/ion4 #e4 ,x tea*es neatness4 #f4 ,x gives opportunity to tea* table mann]s4 #g4 ,x /r5g!ns ! relation%ip betwe5 ! home & ! s*ool4 ,,! ,,me?od ,! tea*] %\ld h a meet+ ( ! s*ool tru/ees & ( ! mo!rs ( ! pupils & outl9e ! me?od ( proc$ure4 ,x is only 9 ?is way t ! co-op]ation ( all c be secur$1 & )\t ?is co-op]ation !re c be no success4 ,?is meet+ %\ld be address$ by ! ,public ,s*ool ,inspector2 & aft] ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts & ! tru/ees has be5 secur$1 ! s*eme may be put into op]ation4 ,"s ?\ght w h to be giv5 to ! organization1 9 ord] t ! plan may "w smoo?ly4 ,if prop]ly organiz$1 !re ne$ be little or no int]ruption to ! ord9>y r\t9e ( ! s*ool4 ,! pupils1 bo? boys & girls1 %\ld be arrang$ 9 gr\ps1 ea* gr\p tak+ ! "w 9 turn4 ,ev5 ! smalle/ pupils %\ld be all[$ to take "p1 z !re are _m duties :i* !y c p]=m successfully4 ,if ea* gr\p is compos$ ( five or six pupils1 ! "w may be arrang$ z foll[s3 two w prep>e ! di%1 two w get ! table or ! desks ready 7or ea* pupil may prep>e 8 own desk71 & ! o!rs w wa% ! di%es4 ,! furni%+ ( supplies is a problem :i* ea* tea*] w h to solve = h]self1 accord+ to ! conditions :i* exi/ 9 ! community4 ,supplies :i* c be /or$ are be/ pur*as$ by ! s*ool tru/ees2 :ile ! mo!rs ( ! pupils %\ld furni% ! p]i%able articles1 su* z milk & butt]4 ,z (t5 z possible1 ! pupils may be ask$ to br+ v>i\s articles1 su* z a potato1 an apple1 a c>rot1 an egg1 etc4 ,^! may be comb9$ & prep>$ 9 quantities4 ,! s*ool g>d5 %\ld be reli$ ^u to supply _m vegetables 9 season1 ?us add+ int]e/ & life to bo? ! g>d5 "w & ! lun*4 ,9 "s di/ricts ! neighb\rhood is canvass$ = subscriptions 9 ord] to provide funds to pur*ase supplies = ! t]m lun*es4 ,"s s*ools give a conc]t or ent]ta9m5t 9 ord] to raise funds = ?is purpose1 & 9 o!rs all ! supplies h be5 pur*as$ by ! s*ool tru/ees4 ,! pupils :o are to prep>e ! hot di% may make ! necess>y prep>ations be=e s*ool or at recess1 & !y mu/ s "t ! cook+ t ! di% w be ready :5 requir$4 ,!y %\ld be all[$ to leave _! desks dur+ s*ool h\rs to give x att5tion if necess>y4 ,9 s*ools :]e ?is me?od is adopt$1 x has be5 f\nd t ! privilege has nev] be5 abus$1 nor h ! o!r pupils be5 less att5tive on acc\nt ( x4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ ( ! recipes sugge/$ lat] require little or no att5tion :ile cook+4 ,at twelve o'clock ! assign$ pupils get ! di% ready = s]v+ & set ! table4 ,! o!rs wa% _! h&s1 tidy _! hair1 & get _! lun* boxes4 ,all pass to _! places4 ,! pupils :o h prep>$ ! di% may s]ve x1 us+ trays to c>ry ea* pupil's supply1 or ! pupils may pass 9 l9e be=e ! s]v+ table & to _! places1 "t be+ ?us sav$4 ,:5 ! meal is f9i%$1 ! pupils rise & br+ _! di%es to ! s]v+ table & /ack !m ) ! o!r di%es4 ,two rema9 beh9d to cle> up & wa% ! di%es1 :ile ! o!rs g to play4 ,if ! desks are us$1 ea* pupil is responsible = leav+ 8 own desk clean4 ,! pupils may be requir$ to keep an acc\nt ( ! co/ ( ! food & to calculate ! co/ p] head p] day or p] week4 ,a s*$ule ( ! m>ket prices ( food %\ld be po/$ 9 a conspicu\s place1 & ! pupils may take turns 9 keep+ ^! prices up to date4 ,a sep>ate black-bo>d may be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! di% *os5 %\ld be z simple z possible--a vegetable or cream s\p1 cocoa1 bak$ potatoes1 bak$ apples1 :ite sauce ) potatoes or o!r vegetables1 apple sauce1 rice pudd+1 etc4 ,x may be well1 9 "s cases1 to h plans made on ,friday = ! foll[+ week4 ,z a rule1 ea* day a little be=e or aft] f\r o'clock1 ! recipe = ! foll[+ day %\ld be discuss$1 ! quantities work$ out to suit ! numb] ( pupils1 & ! supplies arrang$ =4 ,! elem5t ( surprise %\ld be made use ( occasionally1 ! pupils n be+ all[$ to "k ! di% until !y take _! places4 ,,sugge/$ ,,m5us ,! foll[+ are "s sugge/$ m5us 9 :i* ! food br\ght f home is supplem5t$ by "o hot di%4 7,! "n ( ! hot di% is pr9t$ 9 italics47 #a4 ,potato s\p1 meat s&wi*es1 orange1 sponge cake #b4 ,cream ( tomato s\p1 bread & butt] s&wi*es1 /uff$ egg1 pe>1 oatmeal cookies #c4 ,apple cook$ ) bacon1 bread & butt] s&wi*es1 g+]bread1 milk #d4 ,cocoa1 date s&wi*es1 cel]y1 graham crack]s1 apple #e4 ,/ew$ apples1 egg s&wi*es1 pla9 cake1 prunes /uff$ ) cottage *eese #f4 ,cu/>d1 br[n bread s&wi*es1 apple1 rais9s1 sauce1 molasses cookies #g4 ,bak$ beans1 bread & butt] s&wi*es1 fruit1 sauce1 molasses cookies ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,hot ,,di%es ,,= ,,f\r ,,weeks ,fir/ week ,second week ,monday ,potato s\p ,rice & milk ,tuesday ,cocoa ,tomato s\p ,w$nesday ,coddl$ eggs ,egg bro? ,?ursday ,cream$ potatoes ,*ocolate cu/>d ,friday ,s(t cu/>d ,rice & tomato ,?ird week ,f\r? week ,monday ,mac>oni & *eese ,rice s\p ,tuesday ,cream$ eggs ,cocoa ,w$nesday ,*eese s\p ,boil$ rice & milk ,?ursday ,apple sauce ,s(t-cook$ eggs ,friday ,*eese ,:eat pudd+ ,fir/ week ,second week ,monday ,rice s\p ,mac>oni & *eese ,tuesday ,cocoa ,apple sauce ,w$nesday ,bak$ apples ,%irr$ eggs ,?ursday ,cu/>d ,*eese s\p ,friday ,bak$ eggs ,apple cu/>d ,?ird week ,f\r? week ,monday ,potato s\p ,rice & tomato ,tuesday ,tapioca cream ,apple cu/>d ,w$nesday ,cocoa ,tomato s\p ,?ursday ,cream$ potatoes ,crack] pudd+ ,friday ,s(t cu/>d ,cocoa ,,recipes ,,suitable ,,= ,,! ,,rural ,,s*ool ,,lun* ,all ! recipes giv5 h be5 us$ ) success 9 prep>+ rural s*ool lun*es4 ,! numb] t ! recipe w s]ve is g5]ally /at$ &1 :]e ?is numb] does n co9cide ) ! numb] ( pupils 9 any p>ticul> s*ool1 ! quantities requir$ may be obta9$ by division or multiplication4 ,! recipes giv5 9 ! lessons on cook+ may also be us$ 9 prep>+ ! s*ool lun*1 z ea* recipe /ates ! numb] x w s]ve4 ,:ite ,sauce #a c4 milk #b tbsp4 fl\r #a_/b tbsp4 butt] #a_/d tsp4 salt #a_/h tsp4 :ite pepp] ,res]ve "o qu>t] ( ! milk & scald ! rema9d] 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,mix ! fl\r to a smoo? pa/e ) an equal quantity ( ! cold milk & ?9 x ) ! rema9d]4 ,/ir ?is gradually into ! hot milk & keep /irr+ until x ?ick5s4 ,add ! butt]1 salt1 & pepp]1 & cov] closely until requir$1 /irr+ occasionally4 ,?is recipe makes a sauce ( m$ium consi/5cy4 ,to make a ?ick :ite sauce1 use #c or #d tablespoonfuls ( fl\r to "o cup ( milk4 ,cocoa #f tbsp4 7#ah tsp47 cocoa #f tbsp4 7#ah tsp47 sug> #f c4 milk #f c4 boil+ wat] #a_/b tsp4 salt ,scald ! milk 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,mix ! cocoa1 sug>1 & salt1 !n /ir 9 ! boil+ wat] & boil = #c m9utes4 ,add ?is mixture to ! scald$ milk4 ,if a scum =ms1 beat ) a ,dov] egg-beat] = "o m9ute4 ,! prep>ation %\ld beg9 at half-pa/ elev51 to h ! cocoa ready at twelve o'clock4 7,w s]ve eighte547 ,potato ,s\p #a qt4 peel$ potatoes cut 9 ?9 slices #c qt4 milk #b tsp4 salt #d tsp4 butt] #d tbsp4 fl\r #a_/h tsp4 black pepp] #a small onion #a_/b tsp4 cel]y se$ or a /ock ( cel]y ,be=e ! op5+ ( s*ool1 ! potatoes %\ld be p>$ & put into cold wat]2 & ! butt]1 fl\r1 salt1 & pepp] %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$4 ,at elev5 o'clock1 ! potatoes1 onion1 & cel]y %\ld be put on to boil g5tly & ! milk put into a d\ble boil] to heat4 ,:5 ! vegetables are t5d]1 !y %\ld be /ra9$ ) ! cook+ liquid into ! hot milk & ! mixture b\nd ) ! fl\r4 ,! s\p %\ld be closely cov]$ until requir$4 7,w s]ve t547 ,cream ( ,pea ,s\p #a c peas or #a qt4 fre% peas #a pt4 milk #b tbsp4 butt] #b tbsp4 fl\r #a tsp4 salt #a_/d tsp4 pepp] ,heat ! peas 9 _! own wat]1 or cook !m 9 boil+ salt$ wat] until t5d]4 ,put ! milk to heat 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,:5 ! peas are t5d]1 rub !m1 ) ! cook+ liquid1 ?r\gh a /ra9] into ! scald$ milk4 ,add ! butt] & fl\r rubb$ to a smoo? pa/e & /ir until ?ick5$4 ,season & cov] until requir$4 7,w s]ve six pupils g5]\sly47 ,cream ( ,tomato ,s\p #a pt4 or #a c tomatoes #b tbsp4 butt] #c tbsp4 fl\r #a tsp4 sug> #a qt4 milk ,sprig ( p>sley #a_/d tsp4 :ite pepp] #a_/b tsp4 soda #a tsp4 salt ,cook ! tomatoes sl[ly ) ! season+s = t5 m9utes & rub ?r\gh a /ra9]4 ,scald ! milk1 ?ick5 ) ! fl\r & butt] rubb$ to a pa/e1 re-heat ! tomatoes1 & add ! soda1 mix ) ! milk1 & s]ve at once4 7,w s]ve six pupils g5]\sly47 ,cream ( ,corn ,s\p #b pt4 cans corn #a pt4 cold wat] #b slices onion #b qt4 ( ?9 :ite sauce ,season+s ,! process is t us$ 9 mak+ ,cream ( ,pea ,s\p4 ,:5 mak+ ! ?9 :ite sauce1 place ! onion 9 ! milk & leave x until ! milk is scald$4 ,!n remove ! onion to ! o!r mixture & make ! sauce4 ,?is gives suffici5t onion flav\r4 7,w s]ve eighte547 ,lima-bean ,s\p #a c4 ,lima beans #b qt4 wat] #b :ole cloves #a bay leaf #a tsp4 salt #c tbsp4 butt] #b tbsp4 fl\r #c tbsp4 m9c$ onion #a tbsp4 c>rot #a tbsp4 cel]y #a_/d tsp4 pepp] ,soak ! beans ov]night 9 s(t wat] or 9 h>d wat] :i* has be5 boil$ & cool$4 ,if cold1 h>d wat] is us$1 add #a_/d tsp4 bak+-soda to #a qt4 ( wat]4 ,9 ! morn+1 dra9 & put on to cook 9 #b qt4 ( wat]4 ,simm] until t5d]4 ,x takes #b h\rs4 ,cook ! m9c$ vegetables 9 ! butt] = #bj m9utes1 be+ c>eful n to br[n !m4 ,dra9 out ! vegetables & put !m into ! s\p4 ,put ! fl\r & butt] into a pan & /ir until smoo?4 ,add ?is mixture to ! s\p4 ,add ! cloves1 bay leaf1 & season+s1 & simm] = #a h\r4 ,rub ?r\gh a sieve4 ,"o cup ( milk may be add$4 ,br+ to ! simm]+ po9t & s]ve4 7,w s]ve eighte547 ,note4--,if desir$1 ! vegetables may be us$ )\t br[n+ & ! cloves & bay leaf omitt$4 ,milk & ,*eese ,s\p #d c4 milk #b tbsp4 fl\r #a-a_/c c4 grat$ *eese ,salt & pepp] to ta/e ,?ick5 ! milk ) fl\r1 cook+ ?or\ghly4 ,?is is be/ done 9 a d\ble boil]1 /irr+ occasionally4 ,:5 ready to s]ve1 add *eese & season+4 7,w s]ve six47 ,cream ( ,rice ,s\p #d tbsp4 rice #d c4 milk #c tbsp4 butt] #a_/b small onion #d /alks cel]y #a_/b bay leaf ,salt & pepp] to ta/e ,scald ! milk1 add ! well-wa%$ rice1 & cook = #cj m9utes 9 a closely cov]$ d\ble boil]4 ,melt ! butt] & cook ! slic$ onion & cel]y 9 x until t5d]1 b n br[n4 ,add ^!1 ) ! bay leaf1 to ! cont5ts ( ! d\ble boil]1 cov]1 & let x /& on ! back ( ! /ove = #ae m9utes4 ,/ra91 season ) salt & pepp]1 re-heat1 & s]ve4 ,note t ! bay leaf is add$ & all[$ to /&1 to increase ! flav\r1 & may be omitt$ if desir$4 7,w s]ve six47 ,rice ,pudd+ #c c4 rice #f c4 wat] #f c4 milk #b c4 sug> #d eggs #b tsp4 salt #c c4 fruit 7*opp$ rais9s7 if desir$ ,wa% ! rice 9 a /ra9] plac$ ov] a b[l ( cold wat]1 by rubb+ ! rice betwe5 ! f+]s4 ,lift ! /ra9] f ! b[l & *ange ! wat]4 ,repeat until ! wat] is cle>4 ,put ! wat] 9 ! upp] "p ( a d\ble boil] directly ov] ! fire1 & :5 x boils rapidly1 gradually add ! rice to x4 ,boil rapidly = #e m9utes1 !n add ! milk1 to :i* has be5 add$ ! sug>1 salt1 & eggs slightly beat54 ,cov]1 place 9 ! l[] "p ( ! d\ble boil]1 & cook until k]nels are t5d]--f #de m9utes to #a h\r4 ,if rais9s are us$1 add !m be=e putt+ ! rice 9 ! d\ble boil]4 ,s]ve ) milk & sug> z desir$4 7,w s]ve eighte547 ,rice ,pudd+ #b c4 rice #a c4 rais9s #a tsp4 salt #d qt4 milk #a c4 sug> #a tsp4 c9namon ,prep>e ! rice & rais9s & put !m1 ) ! o!r +r$i5ts1 9 a butt]$ pan4 ,bake all =5oon1 /irr+ occasionally dur+ ! fir/ h\r4 ,s]ve ) milk or cream4 7,w s]ve t547 ,cream ( ,:eat #a-a_/b c4 cream ( :eat #aj c4 boil+ wat] #a-a_/b tsp4 salt #a-a_/b c4 dates 7*opp$7 ,put ! boil+ wat] & salt 9 ! upp] "p ( ! d\ble boil] directly ov] ! heat4 ,:5 boil+1 add ! c]eal sl[ly4 ,/ir con/antly until ! mixture ?ick5s4 ,add ! dates & cook = #e m9utes4 ,place 9 ! l[] "p ( ! d\ble boil] & cook at lea/ #a h\r4 ,s]ve ) milk & sug>4 7,w s]ve eighte547 ,scrambl$ ,eggs #i eggs #a c4 milk #b tbsp4 butt] #a tsp4 salt ,pepp] ,beat ! eggs until ! yolks & :ites are well mix$4 ,add ! season+s & milk4 ,heat ! fry+-pan1 melt ! butt] 9 x1 & turn 9 ! egg mixture4 ,cook sl[ly1 scrap+ ! mixture f ! bottom ( ! pan z x cooks4 ,z soon z a jelly-l consi/5cy is =m$1 remove at once to a hot di% or s]ve on toa/4 7,w s]ve n9e47 ,cream$ ,eggs #f h>d-cook$ eggs #d tbsp4 butt] #b c4 milk #d tbsp4 fl\r ,salt & pepp] ,melt ! butt]1 add ! fl\r1 & /ir 9 ! milk gradually4 ,cook well & season ) salt & pepp]4 ,cut h>d-cook$ eggs 9 small pieces & add !m to ! :ite sauce4 ,x may be s]v$ on toa/4 7,w s]ve six47 ,egg ,bro? #f eggs #f tbsp4 sug> #a c4 hot milk ,few gra9s salt ,vanilla or nutmeg ,beat ! eggs & add ! sug> & salt4 ,/ir 9 ! hot milk gradually1 s t ! eggs w cook smoo?ly4 ,flav\r z desir$4 7,w s]ve six47 ,s(t-cook$ ,eggs ,wa% ! eggs & put 9 a sauce-pan1 cov] ) boil+ wat]1 remove to ! back ( ! /ove or :]e ! wat] w keep hot1 b n boil4 ,let !m /&1 cov]$1 f #g to #aj m9utes1 accord+ to ! consi/5cy desir$4 ,bak$ ,%irr$ ,eggs ,butt] small e>!n cups4 ,break an egg 9 ea* & spr9kle ) a few gra9s ( salt & pepp] & bits ( butt]4 ,bake 9 a mod]ate ov5 until ! :ite is set4 ,= ,%irr$ ,eggs proce$ z above1 b to cook1 place 9 a pan ( hot wat] on ! back ( ! /ove1 until ! :ite is set4 ,cream$ ,potatoes ,:ite sauce 7m$ium consi/5cy7 #c tbsp4 fl\r #c tbsp4 butt] #a-a_/b c4 milk ,salt & pepp] ,make a :ite sauce ( ! butt]1 fl\r1 milk1 & season+s4 ,cut cold potatoes 7ab\t eight7 into cubes or slices & heat 9 ! sauce4 ,s]ve hot4 7,w s]ve n9e47 ,ma%$ ,potatoes ,boil ! potatoes1 dra91 & ma% 9 ! kettle 9 :i* !y 7 boil$4 ,:5 free f lumps1 add to ea* cup ( ma%$ potatoes3 #a tsp4 butt] #a or m tbsp4 hot milk #a_/d tsp4 salt ,beat all toge!r until light & creamy4 ,re-heat1 & pile lightly1 )\t smoo?+1 9 a hot di%4 ,bak$ ,potatoes ,use potatoes ( m$ium size4 ,scrub ?or\ghly 9 wat] ) a bru%4 ,place 9 a pan 9 a hot ov54 ,bake f #de to #fj m9utes4 ,:5 done1 roll 9 a clean napk9 & twi/ until ! sk9 is brok54 ,s]ve imm$iately4 7,if no ov5 is available1 place a wire rack on ! top ( ! /ove4 ,put ! potatoes on ?is rack & cov] !m ) a l>ge pan4 ,:5 half cook$1 turn47 ,mac>oni & ,*eese #c c4 mac>oni 7#b pieces7 #c tsp4 salt #c qt4 boil+ wat] #f c4 :ite sauce 7m$ium7 ,cook ! mac>oni 9 boil+ salt$ wat] until t5d]4 ,dra91 p\r cold wat] ov] x1 & dra9 x once m4 ,put ! mac>oni into a bak+ di%1 spr9kl+ a lay] ( grat$ *eese ^u ea* lay] ( mac>oni4 ,p\r 9 ! sauce & spr9kle ! top ) *eese4 ,cook until ! sauce bubbles up ?r\gh ! *eese & ! top is br[n4 ,to give v>iety1 f9ely-m9c$ ham1 boil$ codfi%1 or any cold meat may be us$ in/ead ( ! *eese4 7,w s]ve t547 ,corn/>* ,pudd+ #a qt4 milk #c_/d c4 corn/>* #a_/b tsp4 salt #c_/d c4 sug> ,vanilla ,scald ! milk 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,mix ! sug>1 corn/>*1 & salt toge!r4 ,gradually add to ! hot milk & /ir con/antly until x ?ick5s4 ,cov]1 cook = #cj m9utes1 add vanilla1 & p\r into cold1 wet m\lds4 ,:5 set1 turn out1 & s]ve ) milk & sug>4 7,w s]ve n9e47 ,apple ,sauce #i t>t apples #c_/d c4 wat] #f :ole cloves 7if desir$7 #c_/d c4 sug> ,piece ( lemon r9d 7if desir$7 ,wipe1 p>e1 qu>t]1 & core ! apples4 ,put ! wat]1 apples1 lemon r9d1 & cloves into a sauce-pan4 ,cook cov]$ until ! apples are t5d]1 b n brok54 ,remove ! lemon peel & cloves4 ,add ! sug> a few m9utes be=e tak+ f ! fire4 ,! apples may be ma%$ or put ?r\gh a /ra9]4 7,w s]ve n9e47 ,note4--,! lemon & ! cloves may be us$ :5 ! apples h lo/ _! flav\r4 ,/ew$ ,prunes or ,o!r ,dri$ ,fruit--,apricots1 ,apples1 ,pe>s #c_/d lb4 fruit 7ab\t7 #a-a_/b pt4 ( wat] #a_/c c4 sug> #a or #b slices lemon or a few cloves & a piece ( c9namon /ick ,wa% ! fruit ?or\ghly & soak ov]night4 ,cook 9 ! wat] 9 :i* x 0 soak$4 ,cov]1 & simm] until t5d]4 ,:5 ne>ly cook$1 add sug> & lemon juice4 ,! cloves & c9namon %\ld cook ) ! fruit4 ,all flav\r+s may be omitt$1 if desir$4 7,w s]ve n9e47 ,s(t ,cu/>d #b c4 milk #f tbsp4 sug> #b eggs #a_/b tsp4 vanilla ,a few gra9s ( salt ,scald ! milk 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,add ! sug> & salt to ! eggs & beat until well mix$4 ,/ir ! hot milk sl[ly into ! egg mixture & return to ! d\ble boil]4 ,cook1 /irr+ con/antly1 until ! spoon1 :5 lift$ f ! mixture1 is coat$4 ,remove imm$iately f ! heat1 add vanilla1 & p\r into a cold b[l4 ,to avoid too rapid cook+1 lift ! upp] f ! l[] portion ( ! boil] occasionally4 7,w s]ve six47 ,tapioca ,cu/>d ,pudd+ #c c4 scald$ milk #b eggs slightly beat5 #b tbsp4 butt] #d tbsp4 pe>l1 or m9ute1 tapioca #f tbsp4 sug> ,a few gra9s ( salt ,m9ute tapioca requires no soak+4 ,soak ! pe>l tapioca "o h\r 9 en\gh cold wat] to cov] x4 ,dra91 add to ! milk1 & cook 9 a d\ble boil] = #cj m9utes4 ,add to rema9+ +r$i5ts1 p\r into butt]$ bak+-di%1 & bake = ab\t #be m9utes 9 a sl[ ov54 7,w s]ve eight47 ,rice & ,tomato #b c4 cook$ rice #b tbsp4 butt] #b tbsp4 fl\r #b c4 un/ra9$ or #a c4 /ra9$ tomato #a slice ( onion m9c$ ,salt & pepp] ,cook ! onion ) ! tomato until s(t4 ,melt ! butt]1 & add ! fl\r1 salt1 & pepp]4 ,/ra9 ! tomato1 /ir ! liquid into ! butt] & fl\r mixture1 & cook until ?ick & smoo?4 ,add ! rice1 heat1 & s]ve4 7,w s]ve six47 ,crack] ,pudd+ #f soda crack]s #c c4 milk #c eggs #f tbsp4 sug> #a_/b tsp4 salt ,roll ! crack]s & soak !m 9 milk4 ,beat ! yolks & sug> well toge!r & add to ! fir/ mixture1 ) "s salt4 ,make a m]+ue ) :ite ( eggs1 pile lightly on top1 & put 9 ! ov5 till x is a gold5 br[n4 ,s]ve hot4 7,w s]ve six47 ,note4--,dri$ bread crumbs may be us$ 9 place ( ! crack]s4 ,c&i$ ,fruit ,peel ,! c&i$ peel ( oranges1 lemons1 grapefruit1 & o!r fruits makes a good sweet :i* is economical1 because x utilizes mat]ials :i* might o!rwise be ?r[n away4 ,its prep>ation makes an int]e/+ s*ool ex]cise4 ,! sk9s c be kept 9 good condition = a long "t 9 salt wat]1 :i* makes x possible to wait until a l>ge supply is on h& be=e c&y+ !m4 ,!y %\ld be wa%$ 9 cle> wat]1 aft] remov+ f ! salt wat]1 boil$ until t5d]1 cut into small pieces1 & !n boil$ 9 a ?ick sug> syrup until !y are transp>5t4 ,!y %\ld !n be lift$ f ! syrup & all[$ to cool 9 su* a way t ! sup]flu\s syrup w run (f4 ,f9ally1 !y %\ld be roll$ 9 pulv]iz$ or granulat$ sug>4 ,a l>ge numb] ( recipes h be5 giv51 9 ord] t a selection may be made accord+ to season1 community conditions1 & m>ket prices1 & s t suffici5t v>iety may be secur$ f day to day4 ,att5tion giv5 to ?is matt] w be well repaid by ! improv$ heal? ( ! pupils1 ! great] int]e/ tak5 9 ! s*ool by ! p>5ts1 & ! bett] aft]noon "w accompli%$4 ,x has be5 well said3 ,! s*ool lun* is n a dep>ture f ! pr9ciple ( ! obligation assum$ by educational au?orities t[>d ! *ild1 b an int5sive application ( ! measures adopt$ = ! physical nurture ( ! *ild1 to ! end ( secur+ 9 adult ye>s ! highe/ effici5cy ( ! citiz54 ,,useful ,,bullet9s ,! ,rural ,s*ool ,lun*eon3 ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 ,saskat*ewan ,! ,box ,lun*eon3 ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture1 ,cornell ,univ]sity ,h9ts to ,h\sewives3 ,issu$ by ,mayor ,mit*ell's ,food ,supply ,committee1 ,new ,york ,city ,home ,economics 9 ,village & ,rural ,s*ools3 ,kansas ,/ate ,agricultural ,college ,home-made ,fireless ,cook]s & ,_! ,use3 ,f>m]s' ,bullet91 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,hot ,lun*es = ,rural ,s*ools3 ,p>ts ,i & ,,ii1 ,i[a ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture & ,me*anic ,arts ,rural ,s*ool ,lun*es3 ,univ]sity ( ,idaho1 ,agricultural ,ext5sion ,dep>tm5t ,! ,rural ,s*ool ,lun*3 ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois ,college ( ,agriculture ,! ,s*ool ,lun*eon3 ,oregon ,agricultural ,college ,,h\sehold ,,sci5ce ,,)\t ,,s*ool ,,equipm5t ,!re is no s*ool s unhappily situat$ or s poorly equipp$ t x is unable to tea* effectively ! lessons previ\sly outl9$ 9 ! ,c>e ( ! ,home & ,sew+4 ,n[ t a grant 9 aid is provid$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education any rural s*ool may procure "o ( ! sets ( equipm5t = cook+ sugge/$ or "s modification !re(4 ,z a /epp+-/one to ! provision ( t equipm5t & z a means ( educat+ ! p ( ! di/rict 9 reg>d to ! advantages ( tea*+ ?is bran* ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce1 x may be advisable or ev5 necess>y1 9 "s cases1 to attempt practical "w1 ev5 :]e no equipm5t is in/all$ by ! s*ool au?orities4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! pres5t position ( ,manual ,tra9+ & ,h\sehold ,sci5ce 9 urban s*ools is entirely ow+ to private initiative & demon/ration1 by :i* ! p 7 %[n h[ & :y ^! subjects %\ld be includ$ 9 ! curriculum ( ! s*ools4 ,x is reasonable to suppose t ! same results w foll[ if some:at ! same me?ods are tri$ 9 ! case ( ! rural s*ools1 :i* =m su* a l>ge "p ( our educational sy/em4 ,two me?ods ( giv+ in/ruction ( ?is "* h1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 be5 foll[$ by successful results4 ,,fir/ ,,me?od ,9 ! fir/ ( ^!1 ! tea*] sp5ds ! la/ ?irty or =ty m9utes1 g5]ally on ,friday aft]noons1 9 ! description & discussion ( "s practical cook+ problem :i* may be p]=m$ 9 ! homes ( ! pupils4 ,be=e ?is plan is adopt$1 x %\ld be discuss$ ) ! pupils :o are to take ! "w4 ,!y %\ld be requir$ to promise t !y w practise at home2 & ! cons5t & co-op]ation ( ! p>5ts %\ld be secur$1 z ! success ( ?is home "w dep5ds1 9 ! fir/ place1 on ! will+ness ( ! pupil to accept responsibility1 &1 9 ! second place1 on ! hone/ & he>ty co-op]ation ( ! p>5ts4 ,a meet+ ( ! mo!rs %\ld be call$1 9 ord] t ! plan may be laid be=e !m & _! sugge/ions receiv$4 ,at ?is meet+ aft]noon tea might be s]v$4 ,! tea*] %\ld plan ! lessons1 b occasionally1 p>ticul>ly at fe/ive seasons1 ! pupils !mselves %\ld be all[$ to decide :at %all be made4 ,:5 x is possible1 ! food prep>$ at home %\ld be br\ght by ! pupil to ! s*ool1 9 ord] t x may be comp>$ ) t made by o!r pupils & be judg$ by ! tea*]4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! "m might be ask$ to fill up a previ\sly prep>$ =m1 c]tify+ to ! am\nt & "* ( ! "w done at home by ! pupil ea* week4 ,! in/ructions plac$ on ! black-bo>d %\ld be cle> & concise & give adequate in=mation conc]n+ mat]ials1 quantities1 & me?ods4 ,!y %\ld be arrang$ 9 su* a way z to appeal to ! eye & ?us assi/ ! memory4 ,connect$ composition %\ld n be attempt$1 b ! matt] %\ld be arrang$ 9 a s]ies ( numb]$ /eps1 some:at z foll[s3 ,recipe3 ,boil$ ,c>rots ,c>rots ,boil+ wat] ,salt & pepp] ,butt] #a4 ,scrub1 scrape1 & r9se ! c>rots4 #b4 ,cut !m into pieces by dic+ !m4 #c4 ,place ! pieces 9 a sauce-pan4 #d4 ,set ov] ! fire & cov] ) boil+ wat]4 #e4 ,cook until ! pieces are s(t at ! c5tre :5 pi]c$ ) a =k4 #f4 ,s]ve 9 a hot vegetable di%4 ,aft] be+ ?or\ghly expla9$1 ^! directions are plac$ 9 a note-book1 = ! guidance ( ! pupil 9 h] home practice4 ,9 "s cases1 ! directions are plac$ on prop]ly pun*$ c>ds1 s t at ! end ( ! ye> e pupil w h a collection ( useful recipes & plans1 ea* "o ( :i* %e und]/&s & has work$ out4 ,9 _m lessons ( ?is type demon/rations may be giv5 by ! tea*] &1 if ! food _c be cook$ on ! s*ool /ove1 x may be tak5 home to be cook$ by "o ( ! pupils4 ,lessons giv5 accord+ to ?is me?od1 by :i* ! !ory is giv5 9 s*ool & ! practice acquir$ at home1 ne$ n be re/rict$ to cook]y4 ,any ( ! lessons prescrib$ 9 ! curriculum = ,=m ,,iii1 ,junior1 may be treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,lessons on ! daily c>e ( a b$-room1 weekly sweep+1 c>e & clean+ ( metals1 wa%+ di%es1 wa%+ clo!s1 iron+ a bl\se &1 9 fact1 on all subjects p]ta9+ to ! g5]al c>e & managem5t ( ! home1 may be giv5 9 ?is way4 ,ea* lesson %\ld conclude ) a c>efully prep>$ black-bo>d summ>y1 :i* %\ld be neatly copi$ into ! note-books1 to be p]iodically exam9$ by ! tea*]4 ,! black-bo>d "w ( _m tea*]s leaves mu* to be desir$1 & "t sp5t 9 improv+ ?is w be well repaid4 ,examples ( summ>ies ( ! k9d ref]r$ to are to be f\nd 9 ! ,ont>io ,tea*]s' ,manual on ,h\sehold ,managem5t4 ,^! in/ructions may be type-writt5 or hectograph$ by ! tea*] & giv5 to ! pupils1 ?us sav+ ! "t sp5t 9 note-tak+4 ,,second ,,me?od ,! second ( ! plans ref]r$ to is a modification ( :at is kn[n z ! ,crete plan ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce1 s call$ f ! "n ( ! place 9 ,nebraska1 ,u4,s4,a41 :]e x 0 fir/ put into op]ation4 ,by ?is plan1 def9ite in/ruction is giv5 9 ! home kit*5s ( c]ta9 wom5 9 ! di/rict1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! educational au?orities4 ,x 0 adopt$1 at fir/1 9 connection ) ! high s*ools ( ! small t[ns 9 t ,/ate b1 ) c]ta9 modifications1 x is suitable to our rural s*ool conditions4 ,9 e community !re are wom5 :o are kn[n to be skilful 9 c]ta9 l9es ( cook]y1 & ! plan makes use ( su* wom5 = giv+ ! requir$ in/ruction4 ,!y become actually a "p ( ! /aff ( ! s*ool1 giv+ in/ruction 9 ,h\sehold ,sci5ce1 & us+ ! res\rces ( _! h\seholds z an integral "p ( ! s*ool equipm5t4 ,9 ord] to put ?is plan into op]ation1 a meet+ ( wom5 int]e/$ 9 ! s*ool %\ld be call$ & if1 aft] ! plan has be5 laid be=e !m & fully discuss$1 en\gh wom5 are will+ to op5 _! homes & act z in/ructors1 !n x is safe to proce$4 ,! subjects %\ld be divid$1 & a s*eme some:at z foll[s may be arrang$3 ,mrs4 ,a4 bread & biscuits ,mrs4 ,b4 pies & cakes ,mrs4 ,c4 cann+ & pres]v+ ,mrs4 ,d4 gems & corn bread ,mrs4 ,e4 dess]ts & salads ,mrs4 ,f4 cookies & d\ghnuts ,mrs4 ,g4 vegetables4 ,six has be5 f\nd a conv5i5t numb] = a class1 ?\gh t5 is bett]1 if ! homes c accommodate t numb]4 ,half-pa/ ?ree is a good "t = ! classes to meet1 z !y !n may be conclud$ by five o'clock1 ?us leav+ ! h\sewife free to prep>e h] ev5+ meal4 ,! day ( ! week %\ld be *os5 to suit ! conv5i5ce ( ! in/ructor4 ,! classes may meet once a week4 ,arriv+ at ! home ( ! in/ructor at half-pa/ ?ree1 ! pupils are seat$ 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t room1 & ! lesson is giv54 ,dur+ ?is talk ! pupils are giv5 n only ! recipe1 b details z to mat]ials1 ! prep>ation !re(1 ! degree ( heat requir$1 ! common causes ( failure &1 9 fact1 ev]y?+ t 9 ! m9d ( a practical cook w\ld be helpful to ! class4 ,notes are tak51 & aft]w>ds prop]ly writt5 out & exam9$ by ! tea*] ( ! s*ool4 ,! in/ructors prep>e ! food = cook+1 & sometimes1 z 9 ! case ( rolls & s on1 !y cook ! food 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pupils4 ,:5 :ite bread is to be bak$1 ! pupils are ask$ to call1 a few m9utes aft] s*ool1 at ! home ( ! in/ructor1 to wat* ! fir/ /ep--sett+ ! sponge--& aga9 ! next morn+ be=e s*ool to see ! next /ep--mix+ ! bread--& aga91 ab\t half-pa/ elev5 or twelve1 to see ! bread ready = ! ov5 &1 f9ally1 on ! way back to s*ool1 to see ! result--a f9e loaf ( well-cook$ bread4 ,! pupils try ! recipe c>efully 9 _! own homes1 n v>y+ its t]ms until !y are able to make ! di% successfully4 ,:5 !y c d ?is1 !y are free to exp]im5t ) modifications1 & !re %\ld be no objection to receiv+ help f any s\rce2 9 fact1 x is a good ?+ = ! daught] to get h] "m to criticize h] & (f] sugge/ions 9 ! _m little details famili> to e h\sekeep]1 b :i* _c always be giv5 by an in/ructor 9 "o lesson4 ,by ?is me?od ! pupils le>n 9 _! own homes & h&le real cook+ ut5sils on a real /ove heat$ by ! usual fire ( t home4 ,if x is a good ?+--& no "o d\bts x--to le>n ,h\sehold ,sci5ce 9 a s*ool :]e ev]y?+ t inv5tion & skill c provide = ! pupils is readily at h&1 is x n wor? :ile to ent] ! field ( actual life &1 ) crud] implem5ts1 w9 a fair degree ( success8 ,at ! end ( five or six mon?s1 aft] ! pupils h _h an opportunity to become skilful 9 mak+ "s ( ! di%es :i* h be5 taught1 x may be well to h an exhibition ( _! "w4 ,ea* pupil may1 on ,saturday aft]noon1 br+ "o or m ( ! di%es %e has le>n$ to prep>e to ! s*ool-h\se1 :]e !y may be arrang$ on tables = ! inspection ( ! judges4 ,! di%es exhibit$ %\ld be c]tifi$ to z be+ ! "w ( ! pupil ) no help or sugge/ion f anybody4 ,( c\rse1 "w ( ?is k9d _c be und]tak5 by ! suit case tea*]4 ,! tea*] :o packs h] bag on ,friday at noon1 c>ries x to s*ool ) h]1 & ru%es to cat* a tra9 or c> at f\r o'clock1 n return+ to ! di/rict until ,monday morn+1 has no "t = ?is k9d ( s]vice4 ,occasionally ! entire class may meet ) _! in/ructors 9 ! s*ool-room4 ,an oil-/ove & ! necess>y equipm5t may be obta9$1 & a demon/ration may be giv5 by "o ( ! in/ructors4 ,by ?is means mu* valuable in/ruction w be giv5 t is n includ$ 9 ! regul> c\rse4 ,at ?is "t also _m ?+s may be discuss$ t p]ta9 to ! gr[? ( ! movem5t & ! g5]al well-be+ ( ! pupils4 ,! plan is flexible & may be modifi$ easily to suit diff]5t localities4 ,x calls = no outlay on ! "p ( ! s*ool tru/ees2 nor are ! in/ructors necess>ily put to any exp5se1 z ! articles prep>$ 9 giv+ ! lessons may be us$ 9 _! own homes4 ,by ! adoption ( "o ( ! plans outl9$1 or su* modifications ( !m z ! peculi> requirem5ts ( ! di/rict may dem&1 e rural s*ool may d some?+1 n only t[>d giv+ a real k ( "s phases ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce1 b also t[>d develop+ ! community _s & ar\s+ an int]e/ 9 ! s*ool1 :i* w b5efit all conc]n$4 ,,! ,,fireless ,,cook] ,at ! pres5t "t !re is urg5t ne$ = ?rift & economy 9 all t p]ta9s to ! managem5t ( ! h\sehold--p>ticul>ly 9 food & fuel4 ,9 ! av]age home mu* fuel c\ld be sav$ by ! prop] use ( :at is kn[n z ! fireless cook]4 ,! sci5tific pr9ciple appli$ has long be5 kn[n & is1 briefly1 z foll[s3 ,if a hot body is protect$ by a suitable cov]+1 ! heat 9 x w be reta9$ = a long "t1 in/ead ( be+ lo/ by radiation or conduction4 ,?is is :y a cosy is plac$ ov] a tea-pot4 ,9 us+ a fireless cook]1 ! food is fir/ heat$ on ! /ove until ! cook+ has begun1 & !n x is plac$ 9 ! fireless cook]--a tight receptacle 9 :i* ! food is completely surr\nd$ by "s insulat+ sub/ance to prev5t ! rapid escape ( ! heat1 :i* 9 ?is way is reta9$ 9 ! food 9 suffici5t quantity to complete ! cook+4 ,sometimes1 :5 a high] cook+ temp]ature is desir$1 an additional s\rce ( heat1 9 ! =m ( a hot soap/one or brick or an iron plate su* z a /ove lid1 is put into ! cook] ) ! food4 ,! same pr9ciple is also employ$ 9 cook]y 9 o!r ways4 ,= example1 9 camp life beans are (t5 bak$ by bury+ ! pots ov]night 9 hot /ones & a%es1 ! :ole be+ cov]$ ) e>?2 & 9 ! clam bakes on ! ,atlantic ,coa/1 ! damp seawe$ spread ov] ! emb]s on ! clams prev5ts ! escape ( ! heat dur+ cook+4 ,! peasants 9 "s p>ts ( ,europe are said to beg9 ! cook+ ( _! d9n]s & !n to put !m into hay boxes or betwe5 fea!r b$s1 s t ! cook+ may be complet$ :ile ! family is abs5t 9 ! fields4 ,! *ief advantages 9 ! use ( ! fireless cook] are ^!3 #a4 ,x saves fuel1 especially :]e gas1 oil1 or electric /oves are us$4 ,:]e coal or wood is ! fuel1 ! fire 9 ! range is (t5 kept up mo/ ( ! day1 & ! sav+ ( fuel is n s great4 ,9 summ]1 or :5 ! kit*5 fire is n ne$$ = heat+ purposes1 ! d9n] c be />t$ 9 ! /ove e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & !n plac$ 9 ! fireless cook]1 ! fire 9 ! range be+ all[$ to g out4 ,dur+ ! hot wea!r1 ! use ( a k]os5e or o!r liquid-fuel /ove & a fireless cook] is a great conv5i5ce1 s9ce x n only accompli%es a sav+ 9 fuel1 b helps to keep ! kit*5 cool]4 ,! sav+ 9 fuel result+ f ! use ( a fireless cook] is greate/ 9 ! prep>ation ( foods su* z /ews1 :i* require long & sl[ cook+4 #b4 ,x saves "t4 ,foods cook$ 9 ?is way d n require wat*+1 & may be left1 )\t dang] f fires or ( ov]-cook+1 :ile o!r duties are be+ p]=m$ or ! family is away f home4 #c4 ,x cons]ves ! flav\r ( ! food & makes x easi] to utilize ! *eap] cuts ( meat :i*1 al?\gh n hav+ s f9e a texture or flav\r1 are fully z nutriti\s1 p\nd = p\nd1 z ! m exp5sive cuts4 ,long cook+ at a relatively l[ temp]ature1 su* z is giv5 to foods 9 ! fireless cook]1 improves ! flav\r & texture ( ^! t\gh] cuts ( meat4 ,mo/ p d n cook c]eals long en\gh4 ,by ?is me?od1 ! c]eal may be prep>$ at night1 cook$ on ! /ove = ab\t fifte5 m9utes1 & !n put 9 ! fireless cook]4 ,9 ! morn+ x w be cook$ & ready to be s]v$4 ,! fireless cook] may be us$ to advantage 9 prep>+ ! foll[+3 s\ps2 pot roa/s2 beef /ew2 ,iri% /ew2 lamb /ew2 corn$ beef & cabbage2 boil$ ham2 bak$ beans2 *ick5 fricassee2 vegetables1 su* z turnips1 c>rots1 p>snips1 beets2 dri$ vegetables1 su* z peas & beans2 & dri$ fruits1 su* z pea*es1 apples1 apricots1 & prunes2 c]eals2 & pudd+s4 ,! fireless cook]s describ$ 9 ! foll[+ pages are n exp]im5ts4 ,!y h all be5 te/$ & f\nd to be mo/ practical4 ,,directions ,,= ,,fireless ,,cook]--,,no4 ,i ,:ile !re are _m good fireless cook]s on ! m>ket :i* co/ f five to tw5ty-two doll>s1 accord+ to size & make1 x is possible to con/ruct a home-made cook] :i* w give v satisfactory results & w be consid]ably *eap] ?an "o :i* is pur*as$ 9 ! %ops4 ,mat]ials requir$3 ,a box or "s o!r outside conta9]2 "s good insulat+ or pack+ mat]ial2 an inside conta9] = ! kettle1 or a l9+ = ! ne/ 9 :i* ! kettle is plac$2 a kettle = hold+ ! food2 & a cu%ion1 or pad1 ( insulat+ mat]ial1 to cov] ! top ( ! kettle4 ,,! ,,outside ,,conta9] ,= ! outside conta9] a tightly built wood5 box1 su* z t %[n 9 ,figure #ci1 is satisfactory4 ,! walls %\ld be ?ick & ( "s non-conduct+ mat]ial4 ,an old trunk1 a small b>rel1 or a l>ge butt] or l>d firk9 or t9 w s]ve ! purpose4 ,ano!r possibility is a galvaniz$ iron bucket ) a closely fitt+ cov] 7?is has ! advantage ( be+ fire-pro(74 ,a %oe box #ae by #ae by #bh in*es is conv5i5t 9 size1 s9ce x may be divid$ into two comp>tm5ts4 ,x %\ld h a h+$ cov] &1 at ! front1 a hook & /aple1 or "s o!r device to hold d[n ! cov] tightly2 an ord9>y clamp w9d[ fa/5] answ]s ?is purpose v well4 ,! size ( ! conta9]1 :i* dep5ds ^u ! size ( ! kettle us$1 %\ld be l>ge en\gh to all[ = at lea/ f\r in*es ( pack+ mat]ial all r\nd ! ne/ 9 :i* ! kettle is plac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4--;,complet$ fireless cook] ,,! ,,insulat+ ,,mat]ial ,= pack+ or insulat+ mat]ial a v>iety ( sub/ances may be us$4 ,asbe/os & m9]al wool are ! be/1 & h ! additional advantage t !y _c burn4 ,gr\nd cork 7us$ 9 pack+ ,malaga grapes71 hay1 excelsior1 ,spani% moss1 wool1 & crumpl$ pap] may also be us$ satisfactorily4 ,( ^! mat]ials crumpl$ pap] is probably ! be/1 z x is clean & od\rless &1 if prop]ly pack$1 w hold ! heat bett] ?an ! o!rs4 ,x is wise to l9e ! box ) "o ?ickness ( heavy pap] or ) sev]al ?icknesses ( newspap]1 to make x z air-tight z possible4 ,asbe/os %eet+ may be us$ in/ead4 ,to pack ! conta9] ) pap]1 cru% s+le %eets ( newspap] betwe5 ! h&s & pack a lay] at lea/ f\r in*es deep ov] ! bottom ( ! outside conta9]1 p\nd+ x 9 ) a heavy /ick ( wood4 ,place ! inside conta9] = ! cook+ kettle or ! l9+ = ! inside ( ! ne/ 9 ! c5tre ( ?is lay]1 & pack m cru%$ pap] ab\t x z solidly z possible4 ,! me?od ( pack+ ) pap] is %[n 9 ,figure #dj4 ,if o!r mat]ial is us$ x %\ld be pack$ 9 a simil> way4 ,:]e an extra s\rce ( heat is to be us$1 x is mu* saf] to use "s non-inflammable mat]ial su* z asbe/os or m9]al wool4 ,a *eap sub/itute & "o :i* is easily obta9$ are ! small c9d]s sift$ f coal a%es1 pref]ably ^? f s(t coal4 ,h[ev]1 ! c9d]s f h>d coal burn$ 9 ! kit*5 range w d4 ,if a fire-pro( pack+ mat]ial is n us$1 a heavy pad ( asbe/os %\ld be plac$ at ! bottom ( ! metal l9+1 & a %eet or two ( ?is pap] %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! l9+ ( ! ne/ & ! pack+ mat]ial4 ,:atev] is us$ %\ld come to ! top ( ! inside conta9]1 & ! box %\ld be fill$ to )9 ab\t f\r in*es ( ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4--;,fireless cook]1 %[+ me?od ( pack+ ) pap] ,,! ,,inside ,,conta9] ,! inside conta9] = ! cook+ kettle or ! l9+ = ! ne/ 9 :i* x is to be plac$ %\ld be cyl9drical 9 %ape1 %\ld be deep en\gh to hold ! cook+ kettle & /one1 if "o is us$1 & %\ld fit z snugly z possible to ! cook+ kettle1 b at ! same "t %\ld all[ ! latt] to be mov$ 9 & out freely4 ,= ?is purpose a galvaniz$ iron or o!r metal bucket may be us$1 or1 bett] /ill1 a t9smi? may make a l9+ ( galvaniz$ iron or z9c :i* c be provid$ ) a rim to cov] ! pack+ mat]ial1 z %[n 9 ,figure #da4 ,9 case no hot /one or plate is to be us$1 ! l9+ may be made ( /rong c>dbo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4--,metal l9+ ) rim ,,! ,,kettle ,! kettle to be us$ = cook+ %\ld be durable & free f seams or crevices :i* are h>d to clean4 ,x %\ld h p]p5dicul> sides1 & ! cov] %\ld be z flat z possible & be provid$ ) a deep lid fitt+ well d[n into ! kettle1 9 ord] to reta9 ! /eam4 ,a kettle hold+ ab\t six qu>ts is a conv5i5t size = g5]al use4 ,t9n$ iron kettles %\ld n be us$ 9 a fireless cook]1 =1 al?\gh *eap1 !y are v apt to ru/ f ! conf9$ moi/ure4 ,enamelw>e kettles are satisfactory4 ,,extra ,,s\rce ,,( ,,heat ,fireless cook]s are adapt$ to a mu* wid] range ( cook+ if !y are provid$ ) an extra s\rce ( heat 9 ! =m ( a soap/one1 brick1 or an iron plate :i* is heat$ & plac$ und]nea? ! cook+ kettle4 ,?is introduces a possible dang] f fire1 9 case ! hot /ove plate %\ld come into direct contact ) inflammable pack+ mat]ial su* z excelsior or pap]4 ,to avoid ?is dang]1 a metal l9+ mu/ be provid$ = ! ne/ 9 :i* ! cook+ vessels & /one are to be plac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4--,tightly fitt+ lid ,,cov]+ ,,pad ,a cu%ion1 or pad1 mu/ be provid$1 to fill completely ! space betwe5 ! top ( ! pack+ mat]ial & ! cov] ( ! box aft] ! kettle is 9 place4 ,?is %\ld be made ( "s heavy goods1 su* z d5im1 & /uff$ ) cotton1 crumpl$ pap]1 or excelsior4 ,hay may be us$1 b x w be f\nd m or less odor\s4 ,figure #dc %[s ! v]tical cross-section ( a home-made fireless cook]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4--,v]tical cross-section ( fireless cook]4 ,a4 ,outside conta9]2 ,b4 pack+ or insulat+ mat]ial2 ,c4 metal l9+ ( ne/2 ,d4 cook+ kettle2 ,e4 soap/one plate1 or o!r s\rce ( heat2 ,f4 pad ( excelsior = cov]+ top2 ,g4 h+$ cov] ( outside conta9]4 ,,directions ,,= ,,fireless ,,cook]--,,no4 ,,ii 7,s+le ,cook]7 ,mat]ials requir$3 ,galvaniz$ iron c1 ,no4 #c1 ) a cov]2 "s sawdu/2 a cov]$ agate pail 7to be us$ z a cook+ pail72 & two y>ds ( d5im2 any old l951 cotton1 or wooll5 mat]ial may be us$ in/ead ( d5im4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,place loose sawdu/ 9 ! bottom ( ! c to a dep? ( ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,measure ! dep? ( ! cook+ pail4 ,turn a fold two in*es great] ?an ?is dep? ! entire l5g? ( ! d5im or o!r mat]ial & make a long bag4 ,lay ! bag flat on ! table & fill x ) an ev5 lay] ( sawdu/1 s t :5 complet$ x w /ill be half an in* wid] ?an ! dep? ( ! pail4 ,roll ! bag ar\nd ! cook+ pail1 s t a smoo?1 firm ne/ is =m$ :5 ! bag is plac$ upright 9 ! c on ! top ( ! sawdu/4 ,f ! rema9+ d5im or o!r mat]ial make a r\nd1 flat bag 7! mat]ial w h to be piec$ = ?is74 ,fill ?is bag ) sawdu/ & use x on top ( ! cook+ pail4 ,! bags mu/ be made & fitt$ into ! c 9 su* a way t !re w be no op5 spaces :atev] betwe5 ! sides ( ! cook+ pail & ! c1 or betwe5 ! top ( ! cook+ pail & ! cov] ( ! c1 ?r\gh :i* ! heat might escape4 ,,directions ,,= ,,fireless ,,cook]--,,no4 ,,iii 7,d\ble ,cook]7 ,mat]ials requir$3 ,"o long box & two squ>e boxes2 ! long box mu/ be l>ge en\gh to hold ! o!r two & /ill leave two in*es ( space all ar\nd !m2 five & "o-qu>t] y>ds ( %eet asbe/os "o y>d wide2 two cov]$ agate pails to be us$ z cook+ pails2 & ab\t "o y>d ( d5im or o!r mat]ial4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,l9e ! bottoms & sides ( all ?ree boxes ) %eet asbe/os4 ,9 ! bottom ( ! long box lay newspap]s flat to a dep? ( ab\t half an in*4 ,put two in*es ( sawdu/ on top ( ?is lay] ( newspap]s4 ,place ! two squ>e boxes inside ! long "o1 leav+ at lea/ two in*es ( space betwe5 !m4 ,fill all ! spaces betwe5 ! boxes ) sawdu/4 ,tack /rips ( d5im or o!r mat]ial s t !y w cov] all ! spaces t are fill$ ) sawdu/4 ,! outside box mu/ h a h+$ lid1 :i* mu/ be fa/5$ d[n ) a clasp4 ,l9e ! lid ) ! %eet asbe/os to )9 half an in* ( ! edge4 ,put a lay] ( sawdu/ "o in* deep on top ( ! asbe/os4 ,tack a piece ( d5im or o!r mat]ial ov] ! sawdu/1 /ill leav+ ! edge free & cle> s t ! cov] may fit tightly2 or ! lid may be l9$ ) asbe/os & a d5im pill[ fill$ ) sawdu/ made to fit tightly into ! top ( ! box4 ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,fireless ,,cook] ,,9 ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,lun*es ,! fireless cook] %\ld prove v useful 9 ! lun* equipm5t ( rural s*ools1 z its use %\ld mean economy ( fuel1 ut5sils1 "t1 & ef=t4 ,x might be made by ! pupils & w\ld af=d an excell5t manual tra9+ ex]cise4 ,_m ( ! di%es 9 ! recipes giv5 may be cook$ 9 ?is way1 b m "t mu/ be all[$ = cook+1 z !re is a fall ( temp]ature 9 plac+ ! food 9 ! cook]4 ,:5 ! vessel is be+ transf]r$ f ! /ove to ! cook]1 ! latt] %\ld be 9 a conv5i5t position1 & ! transf] %\ld be made1 & ! cu%ion plac$ 9 position1 v quickly1 s t ! food w cont9ue boil+4 ,if ! quantity ( food is small1 x %\ld be plac$ 9 a small] tightly cov]$ pail1 set on an inv]t$ pan 9 ! l>g] pail1 & surr\nd$ ) boil+ wat]4 ,:5 !re is an air space above ! food 9 ! cook+ di%1 !re is great] loss ( heat1 z air gives (f heat m readily ?an wat]4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( ! foods t may be cook$ 9 a ,fireless ,cook]3 ,apple sauce--,br+ to boil+ temp]ature & place 9 ! cook]1 leave two h\rs4 ,apple compote--,cut ! apples 9 halves or qu>t]s s t !y ne$ n be turn$4 ,leave !m 9 ! cook] ab\t ?ree h\rs4 ,dri$ fruits--,soak ov]night1 br+ to ! boil+-po9t1 & leave 9 ! cook] at lea/ ?ree h\rs4 ,cream ( :eat--,boil until ?ick1 place 9 ! cook]1 leave ov]night &1 if necess>y1 re-heat 9 d\ble boil] be=e us+4 ,roll$ oats--,boil five m9utes1 !n place 9 ! cook]4 ,leave at lea/ ?ree h\rs & long] if possible4 ,mac>oni--,boil1 !n place 9 ! cook] = two h\rs4 ,rice--,boil1 !n place 9 ! cook] = "o h\r4 ,all vegetables may be cook$ 9 ! cook]4 ,!y mu/ be giv5 "t accord+ to _! age4 ,a safe rule = all gre5 vegetables is to all[ two & a half times z long z if boil$ on ! /ove4 ,9 ! home1 :]e ! cook+ is mu* great] 9 am\nt ?an x c be 9 ! s*ool1 ! sav+ 9 fuel1 by ! judici\s use ( ! prop]ly made fireless cook]1 is correspond+ly mu* l>g]4 ,= example3 9 s\ps1 f #b-a_/b to #c-a_/b h\rs use ( fuel is made unnecess>y2 pot roa/ #b-a_/b h\rs2 beef /ew #b-a_/b h\rs2 lamb /ew #a-a_/b h\rs2 corn beef & cabbage #b-a_/b h\rs2 bak$ beans #e-a_/b to #g-a_/b h\rs2 *ick5 fricassee #b h\rs2 dri$ peas1 beans1 & l5tils #c h\rs2 dri$ fruits #c h\rs2 rice pudd+ #a-a_/b h\rs4 ,,special ,,grants ,,= ,,rural ,,& ,,village ,,s*ools 7,f ! ,revis$ ,regulations ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 #aiah7 7#a7 ,! ,bo>d ( a rural or a village s*ool :i* is unable to comply ) ! provisions ( ! ,g5]al ,regulations1 b :i* ma9ta9s classes 9 ,manual ,tra9+ z appli$ to ! "w ( ! ,f>m or 9 ,h\sehold ,sci5ce suitable to ! requirem5ts ( ! rural di/ricts1 :i* employs a tea*] qualifi$ z bel[1 & :i* provides accommodations & equipm5t & a c\rse ( /udy approv$ by ! ,m9i/] be=e ! classes are e/abli%$1 w be paid by ! ,m9i/] ! sums provid$ 9 ! s*eme bel[1 out ( ! grants appropriat$ !re=3 said grants to be exp5d$ on ! accommodations1 equipm5t1 & supplies = ,manual ,tra9+ & ,h\sehold ,sci5ce4 ,9 no ye>1 h[ev]1 w ! ,dep>tm5tal grants exce$ ! total exp5diture ( ! ,bo>d = ^! classes4 7#b7 ,on ! report ( ! ,inspector ( ,manual ,tra9+ & ,h\sehold ,sci5ce t ! organization & ! tea*+ ( ! classes 9 ,manual ,tra9+ or ,h\sehold ,sci5ce ma9ta9$ z provid$ above are satisfactory1 an annual grant w be paid by ! ,m9i/] out ( ! ,grant appropriat$ accord+ to ! foll[+ s*eme3 7a7 7i7 ,:5 ! tea*] holds a ,second ,class c]tificate b is n specially c]tificat$ 9 ,manual ,tra9+ or ,h\sehold ,sci5ce-- ,initial ,grant to bo>d1 #dj2 to tea*]1 #ae4 ,subsequ5t ,grant3 to bo>d1 #bj2 to tea*]1 #ae4 7ii7 ,:5 ! tea*] holds a ,second ,class c]tificate & has satisfactorily complet$ ! "w ( "o ,summ] ,c\rse 9 ,manual ,tra9+ or ,h\sehold ,sci5ce1 provid$ by ! ,dep>tm5t1 & und]takes to complete ,"p ,,ii ! foll[+ ye>1 or receives p]mission f ! ,m9i/] to po/pone said "p-- ,initial ,grant3 to bo>d1 #dj3 to tea*]1 #bj4 ,subsequ5t ,grant3 to bo>d1 #bj3 to tea*]1 #bj4 7b7 7i7 ,:5 ! tea*] holds a ,second ,class c]tificate & 9 addition ! ,elem5t>y c]tificate 9 ,manual ,tra9+ or ,h\sehold ,sci5ce-- ,initial ,grant3 to bo>d1 #ge2 to tea*]1 #dj4 ,subsequ5t ,grant3 to bo>d1 #cj2 to tea*]1 #dj4 7ii7 ,:5 ! tea*] holds a ,second ,class c]tificate & 9 addition ! ,ord9>y c]tificate 9 ,manual ,tra9+ or ,h\sehold ,sci5ce-- ,initial ,grant3 to bo>d1 #ge2 to tea*]1 #ej4 ,subsequ5t ,grant3 to bo>d1 #cj2 to tea*]1 #ej4 7c7 ,:5 a s*ool tak+ up ,h\sehold ,sci5ce provides at lea/ "o hot di% = ! pupils /ay+ to lun* f ,novemb] #a/ to ,m>* #ca/1 ! above grants to ! tea*] ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce w be increas$ #aj4