,,%ort ,,/ory ,,writ+ ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,art ( ! ,%ort ,/ory ,by ,*>les ,raymond ,b>rett1 ,ph4 ,b4 ,illu/ration 7,,f\r? ,,?\s&7 ,new ,york3 ,! ,bak] & ,taylor ,co4 #cc-cg ,e4 #ag? ,/reet1 ,union ,squ>e ,nor? ,copyright$1 #ahih1 by ,*>les ,raymond ,b>rett ,copyright$1 #aijj1 by ,*>les ,raymond ,b>rett ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,preface ,,introduction ,i ,,! ,,%ort ,,/ory ,,ii ,,%ort ,,/ories ,,classifi$ ,,iii ,,! ,,plot ,,iv ,,titles ,,good ,,& ,,bad ,v ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,facts ,,vi ,,! ,,*>act]s ,,vii ,,me?ods ,,( ,,n>ration ,,viii ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,ix ,,! ,,/ory ,,prop] ,x ,,climax ,,& ,,conclusion ,,xi ,,! ,,/yle ,,xii ,,! ,,labor ,,( ,,au?or%ip ,,xiii ,,! ,,que/ ,,( ,a ,,m>ket ,,app5dix ,,! ,,ambiti\s ,,gue/ ,,preface ,?is book is an attempt to put into def9ite =m ! pr9ciples obs]v$ by ! ma/]s ( ! %ort /ory 9 ! practice ( _! art4 ,x is ! result ( a c>eful /udy ( _! "w1 ( "s indiff]5t attempts to imitate !m1 & ( ! critical exam9ation ( sev]al ?\s&s ( %ort /ories writt5 by amateurs4 ,x is design$ to be ( practical assi/ance to ! novice 9 %ort /ory writ+1 f ! mom5t ! tale is dimly conceiv$ until x is complet$ & ready = ! editor's judgm5t4 ,! rules & pr9ciples "h pres5t$ embody n :at ,i conceive to be "r1 b :at ! great ma/]s ( ! %ort /ory h ?\ght to be "r1 & :at !y h prov$ to be at lea/ successful4 ,i speak only z a delv] into ! secrets ( o!r m52 & if ,i seem arrogant1 x is due to ! influ5ce ( ! company ,i keep4 ,my d$uctions are made n only f ! artifices & triumphs ( ! successful1 b f ! /ruggles & failures ( ! un=tunate z well2 & ,i h endeavor$ to make cle> bo? ! philosophy & ! application ( all ! pr9ciples s d$uc$4 ,?\gh 9 !ory ^! rules are obligatory on all :o essay ! %ort /ory1 !y are frequ5tly & kn[+ly evad$ or violat$ by ! ma/]s ( ! art1 ^: g5ius is great en\gh to excuse _! disreg>d ( ! conv5tions1 or ^: skill is suffici5t to smoo? ov] _! te*nical lapses2 b = ! novice ! only safe c\rse is a c>eful obs]vance ( all conv5tions4 ,to ! aspir+ writ] ?is book may seem to be m]ely a catalogue ( ,don'ts1 ! gi/ ( :i* is1 ,don't write2 b t is to misread me4 ,%ort /ory writ+ is n easy1 & ,i _c make x s1 ev5 if ,i w\ld2 b x is f> f my purpose to disc\rage any p]son :o feels ! ,heav5-s5t call to write1 & :o has ! w & ability to respond to x4 ,b t call is b a summons to labor--& to labor ! sev]e/ & mo/ p]si/5t4 ,to "o :o comes to x b half-he>t$ly1 illy prep>$1 %irk+ its requirem5ts1 ,i c pr$ict c]ta9 failure2 b to ! e>ne/1 s]i\s1 consci5ti\s work]1 ,i w\ld say a ^w ( hope4 ,! promotion f ! rank ( amateur to ! dignity ( au?or%ip may be long 9 com+1 b x w come at la/4 ,fame1 l all else t ?is _w has to give1 dep5ds l>gely ^u d[nright h>d "w2 & he :o has ! c\rage to /rive 9 ! face ( disappo9tm5ts w a*ieve success 9 ! end4 ,?r\gh\t ?is book ,i h endeavor$ to give my /atem5ts def9it5ess by ! employm5t ( num]\s examples1 bo? good & bad4 ,i h made no attempt to pres5t an exhau/ive analysis ( ! te*nique ( individuals or ( s*ools1 b h *os5 my illu/rations ) a s+le view to _! aptness2 ,i h1 h[ev]1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce1 tak5 ^! p>adigms *iefly f ! publi%$ collections ( /ories by ! old] & bett] kn[n writ]s4 ,my awful examples are v]batim exc]pts f manuscripts :i* h pass$ ?r\gh my h&s2 _! au?or%ip is conceal$ = obvi\s reasons4 ,to ! be/ ( my k !re is no book extant :i* treats solely ( ! te*nique ( ! %ort /ory4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to x is ,h[ to ,write ,fiction1 an anonym\s "w publi%$ by ,bellaires ,co41 ,london2 b to my m9d t is too slight1 too !oretical1 & too enamor$ ( ! artificial ,fr5* s*ool to be ( practical value to ! amateur4 ,f> bett]1 z work+ guides1 are ! frequ5t fragm5t>y articles on ! %ort /ory1 _m ( !m by successful %ort /ory writ]s1 publi%$ 9 curr5t p]iodicals1 to :i* ,i am consid]ably indebt$4 ,b my greate/ obligation is to a c\rse 9 ,! ,art ( ! ,%ort ,/ory--! fir/ univ]sity c\rse ev] (f]$ 9 t subject--conduct$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago 9 #ahif by ,dr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,lewis4 ,c4 ,r4 ,b4 ,,*icago1 ,augu/ #a1 #aijj4 ,,introduction ,! %ort /ory 0 fir/ recogniz$ z a di/9ct class ( lit]ature 9 #ahdb1 :5 ,poe's criticism ( ,haw?orne#a call$ att5tion to ! new =m ( fiction4 ,%ort /ory writ+ _h1 h[ev]1 be5 practic$ = _m ye>s be=e t3 p]haps ! n>ratives ( ,hom] & ! tales ( ! fir/ books ( ! ,bible may be consid]$ z ! fir/ examples2 c]ta9ly ! %ort /ory is closely associat$ 9 its e>ly hi/ory ) n>rative poems1 allegorical tales1 & m\?-to-m\? traditions1 & x c be trac$ surely to ! fabliaux ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,lat] writ]s aid$ 9 its developm5t3 ,mallory's ,morte ,d',ar?ur & ,caxton's popul>ization ( old romances m>k$ a fur!r progress2 & "s ( ! "w ( ,defoe & ,addison w\ld almo/ /& ! mod]n te/s4 ,b ! %ort /ory z we "k x to-day is a product ( ! n9ete5? c5tury2 & x owes its position 9 lit]ature1 if n its v exi/5ce1 to ! "w ( ,irv+1 ,haw?orne1 & ,poe4 ,!y fir/ recogniz$ its possibilities & employ$ x s]i\sly2 & ! art & g5ius :i* !y put into _! tales assur$ ! %ort /ory a p]man5t place 9 lit]ature4 ,!y diff]$ 9 subject matt] & /yle1 b !y recogniz$ ! same requirem5ts & limitations2 & ! canons :i* !y e/abli%$ !n obta9 to-day4 ,! mod]n %ort /ory is ess5tially an ,am]ican product2 & our ma/]s ( its art h e/abli%$ prec$5ts = lit]>y work]s ( ! old _w4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,/ev5son1 ,kipl+ & ,hagg>d are consid]$ ! orig9ators ( ! mod]n %ort /ory2 & ,zola1 de ,maupassant1 ,daudet & ,paul ,m>gu]ite 9 ,france1 ,tol/oi 9 ,russia1 & o!r fam\s =eign au?ors h _! claims = consid]ation2 b all ( !m1 admitt$ly or n1 are b disciples ( ! e>li] ,am]ican tr9ity4 ,?is book w conf9e itself to ! ,engli%-,am]ican %ort /ory4 ,to-day ! %ort /ory is s popul> t we seem to be 9 a new lit]>y epo*--! epo* ( ! %ort /ory--& !re is no app>5t cause to expect an e>ly dim9ution 9 ! dem& = su* lit]ature2 s t to ! "y writ] ! %ort /ory (f]s ! be/ opportunity to prove 8 mettle4 ,!n1 too1 x has ! additional value ( be+ an excell5t s*ool = ! noveli/4 ,! %ort /ory & ! novel h _m radical diff]5ces2 b 9 mat]ial1 treatm5t & aim !y are mu* ! same1 & ! same g5]al tra9+ is necess>y = bo?4 ,all %ort /ory writ]s d n become great noveli/s1 nor h all noveli/s be5 %ort /ory tell]s2 b x is a fact t ! majority ( ! pres5t day noveli/s s]v$ _! 'pr5tice%ip 9 ! ranks ( ! %ort /ory writ]s4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,haw?orne's ',tales1' by ,edg> ,allan ,poe4 ,graham's ,magaz9e1 ,may1 #ahdb4 ,,%ort ,,/ory ,,writ+ ,i ,,! ,,%ort ,,/ory ,!re is no mod]n lit]>y =m :i* is z little und]/ood z is ! %ort /ory4 ,! t]m %ort /ory is appli$ to e piece ( prose writ+ ( #cj1jjj words or less1 )\t reg>d to its matt]1 aim1 or h&l+2 b our purpose dem&s a def9ition ( "s accuracy4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 :at is1 & :at is n1 a %ort /ory8 ,_m ?+s a %ort /ory may be4 ,x may be an episode1 l ,miss ,ella ,hepwor? ,dixon's or l ,miss ,b]?a ,?omas'2 a fairy tale1 l ,miss ,evelyn ,%>p's2 ! pres5tation ( a s+le "* ) ! /age to himself 7,mr4 ,george ,giss+72 a tale ( ! uncanny 7,mr4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+72 a dialogue com$y 7,mr4 ,pett ,ridge72 a panorama ( select$ l&scape1 a vision ( ! sordid /reet1 a record ( h]oism1 a remote tradition or "s old belief vitaliz$ by its be>+ on our lives to-day1 an analysis ( an obscure call+1 a glimpse at a =gott5 qu>t] 444 b "o ?+ x c nev] be--x c nev] be 'a novel 9 a nut%ell'4#b ,a %ort /ory 444 mu/ lead up to some?+4 ,x %\ld h = its /ructure a plot1 a bit ( life1 an incid5t su* z y w\ld f9d 9 a brief newspap] p>agraph4444 ,he 7,ri*>d ,h>d+ ,davis7 takes ! sub/ance ( j su* a p>agraph1 &1 ) t = ! meat ( 8 /ory1 weaves ar\nd x details1 descriptions & dialogue1 until a complete /ory is ! result4 ,n[1 a /ory is some?+ m ?an incid5ts & descriptions4 ,x is a def9ite ?+4 ,x progresses con/antly4 ,x arrives some:]e4 ,x mu/ en=ce "s idea 7no matt] :at74 ,x mu/ be su* a reality t a man :o read x w\ld c>ry away a def9ite impression4#c ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t ! t]m %ort /ory is prop]ly us$ only :5 x means a %ort prose n>rative1 :i* pres5ts arti/ically a bit ( real life2 ! prim>y object ( :i* is to amuse1 ?\gh x may also depict a "*1 plead a cause1 or po9t a moral2 ?is amusem5t is nei!r ( t /hetic ord] :i* we d]ive f poetry1 nor ( t *eap sort :i* we ga9 f a broad burlesque3 x is ! simple yet intellectual pleasure d]iv$ f li/5+ to a well told n>rative4 ,! fir/ requisite ( a %ort /ory is t ! writ] h a /ory to tell--t is1 a plot4 ,he may pres5t pretty sc5es & ^w pictures if he w1 b he mu/ vivify & humanize !m by ! introduction ( c]ta9 *>act]s1 patt]n$ aft] ! p ( real life2 & ^! *>act]s mu/ move & act & live4 ,! pres5tation ( /ill life pure & simple is n 9 ! prov9ce ( ! %ort /ory4 ,! "q ( l5g? is b relative2 9 g5]al a %ort /ory %\ld n exce$ #aj1jjj words1 & x c\ld h>dly conta9 less ?an #a1jjj2 :ile f #c1jjj to #e1jjj is ! mo/ usual l5g?4 ,yet ,haw?orne's ,! ,g5tle ,boy conta9s #ab1jjj words2 ,poe's ,! ,gold ,bug1 #ac1jjj2 & p]haps ! majority ( ,james' exce$ ! maximum1 :ile ,! ,lesson ( ! ,ma/] requires #be1jjj1 & ,! ,asp]n ,pap]s #cb1jjj4 ,inde$1 ! l5g? ( any /ory is det]m9$1 n s mu* by "s arbitr>y ^w limit1 z by ! !me ) :i* x deals4 ,e plot requires a c]ta9 numb] ( words = its prop] elaboration1 & nei!r m nor less w d4 ,j :at ! limit = any p>ticul> /ory may be1 ! writ] mu/ decide = himself4 ,x seems to me t a %ort /ory writ] %\ld act1 metaphorically1 l ?is--he %\ld put 8 idea = a /ory into "o cup ( a pair ( balances1 !n into ! o!r he %\ld deal out 8 words2 five hundr$2 a ?\s&2 two ?\s&2 ?ree ?\s&2 z ! case may be--& :5 ! numb] ( words ?us paid 9 causes ! beam to rise1 on :i* 8 idea hangs1 !n is 8 /ory f9i%$4 ,if he puts 9 a ^w m or less1 he is do+ false "w4#d ,! %ort /ory does n ne$ ! love elem5t t is g5]ally consid]$ necess>y to ! novel1 & _m %ort /ories disreg>d x altoge!r4 ,love usually requires "t & moods & v>y+ sc5es = its normal developm5t1 s t x is difficult to treat x prop]ly )9 ! limits ( ! %ort /ory2 & !n only :5 "s p>ticul> phase or sc5e admits ( isolation4 ,!n1 too1 _m %ort /ories are m]ely acc\nts ( /range adv5tures1 wond]ful discov]ies or inv5tions1 & que] occurr5ces ( all sorts--!mes :i* amuse u f _! m]e oddity2 or !y are v]bal photographs ( life1 :i* are int]e/+ f _! views ( psy*ological & sociological problems2 & none ( !m requires love z ! *ief motive4 ,+5uity & orig9ality1 ! pr9cipal con/itu5ts ( su* tales1 are ! /ory tell]'s great virtues2 on !m he bases 8 hopes4 ,!re=e1 he mu/ h /rong individuality1 & ! p[] ( =c+ 8 read]s to view life ?r\gh 8 eyes1 )\t p]ceiv+ him4 ,also1 & z if to comp5sate = ! lack ( ! love int]e/1 ! %ort /ory has a t\* ( fantasy :i* gives x a di/9ctive *>m4 ,?is quality is ! h9t (--n necess>ily ! sup]natural1 b r ! weird2 x is a recognition & a vague pres5tation ( ! _m /rong influ5ces t are n expla9able by our philosophy ( life4 ,x is ! intrusion into our matt]-(-fact lives ( ! uncanny elem5t1 :i* ! novice s grossly misuses 9 8 tales ( premonitory dreams & visions1 & ( mo/ ungho/ly gho/s4 ,x is n en\gh to cat* a gho/ :ite-h&$ & to hale him into ! full gl>e ( ! electric light4 ,a brutal misuse ( ! sup]natural is p]haps ! v l[e/ degradation ( ! art ( fiction4 ,b 'to m+le ! m>vell\s r z a slight1 delicate1 & evanesc5t flavor ?an z any actual portion ( ! sub/ance1' to quote f ! preface to ! ',h\se ( ! ,sev5 ,gables1' ?is is1 or %\ld be1 ! aim ( ! writ] ( %ort-/ories :5ev] 8 feet leave ! firm gr\nd ( fact z he /rays 9 ! unsub/antial realm ( fantasy4 ,9 no "o's writ+s is ?is bett] exemplifi$ ?an 9 ,haw?orne's2 n ev5 9 ,poe's4 ,!re is a propriety 9 ,haw?orne's fantasy to :i* ,poe c\ld n atta94 ,haw?orne's effects are moral :]e ,poe's are m]ely physical4 ,! situation & its logical developm5t & ! effects to be got out ( x are all ,poe ?9ks (4 ,9 ,haw?orne ! situation1 h[ev] /range & weird1 is only ! outw>d & visible sign ( an inw>d & spiritual /ruggle4 ,e?ical consequ5ces are always worry+ ,haw?orne's s\l2 b ,poe did n "k !re 7 any e?ics4#e ,! %ort /ory usually treats ( ! light] & bright] side ( life4 ,x is seldom 9 deadly e>ne/2 x t5ds some:at to sup]ficiality2 & x pref]s clev]ness to pr(undity1 9 bo? conception & treatm5t4 ,naturally1 !n1 com$y r ?an trag$y is its usual sph]e2 & ?\gh ! tale may end 9 gloom1 x m frequ5tly sugge/s a possible trag$y 9 ord] to height5 ! effect ( ! happy d5\em5t4 ,= simil> reasons ! %ort /ory avoids ! didactic tone1 ei!r pres5t+ its lesson 9 clev] disguise1 or limit+ its moral ef=ts to provid+ innoc5t amusem5t = an idle h\r4 ,9 ! /rife betwe5 realism & romanticism ! %ort /ory adopts ! middle c\rse1 tak+ advantage ( ! bett] phases ( bo?1 b sid+ ) nei!r2 = e life is subject to bo? influ5ces1 (t5 at ! same "t1 & ! %ort /ory aspires to pres5t life z x is4 ,)\t true realism & g5u9e romanticism--actuality & ideals--good "w 0 nev] done1 nor did any writ] ev] rise to be an au?or4#f ,no wor?y "w ( fiction may prop]ly be labell$ romantic1 reali/ic or symbolic1 s9ce e great "w ( art conta9s all ^! 9 "s proportion4 ,love & fight+ are n necess>ily romance2 nor are s\p-kit*5s & divorce c\rts necess>ily realism4444 ,malice1 futility & ugl9ess--! dreadful monotony ( exi/5ce--are n necess>ily real life2 nor ! tales ( summ] love & m>riage c]emonies1 successful fight+s1 or sacrifice & *ivalry necess>ily romance4#g ,9 its te*nique a %ort /ory dem&s ! utmo/ c>e2 x lacks ! bulk ( ! novel1 :i* hides m9or defects4 ,x mu/ h a def9ite =m1 :i* %all be compact1 & :i* %all h its p>ts prop]ly proportion$ & relat$2 & x mu/ be wr\ght out 9 a workmanlike mann]4 ,x requires extreme c>e f its conception to its completion1 :5 x mu/ /& =? a p]fect "w ( art2 & yet x mu/ reveal no signs ( ! work]'s tools1 or ( ! pa9s by :i* x 0 a*iev$4 ,f :at has be5 said x is evid5t t ! %ort /ory is artificial1 & to a consid]able degree unnatural4 ,x c\ld h>dly be o!rwise1 = x takes out ( our complex lives a s+le p]son or a s+le incid5t & treats t z if x 7 complete 9 itself4 ,su* isolation is n kn[n to nature3 ,!re all ?+s "w toge!r1 & e man influ5ces all ab\t him & is influ5c$ by !m4 ,yet ?is sep>ation & exclusion are requir$ by ! conv5tions ( ! %ort /ory2 & aft] all1 !re is always ! feel+1 if ! *>act]s are well h&l$1 t !y h be5 liv+ & w cont9ue to live1 ?\gh we h *anc$ to come 9 contact ) !m = only a %ort "t4 ,x is ?is isolation1 ?is magnify+ ( "o "* or incid5t1 t con/itutes ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! novel & ! %ort /ory4#h ,9 ! novel we h a reproduction ( a c]ta9 p]iod ( real life3 all ! *>act]s are !re1 ) _! complex lives & _! v>y+ emotions2 !re are v>i$ sc5es1 ea* "o ! /age ( "s p>ticul> incid5t or semi-climax :i* c>ries ! action on to ! f9al *apt]2 & !re are p]sons & sc5es & conv]sations :i* h no reason = be+ !re1 except t j su* trivial ?+s are p>ts ( life4 ,) ! %ort /ory x is v diff]5t3 t p]mits ( b "o sc5e & incid5t1 "o or two real *>act]s1 ) "o pr$om9ant emotion3 all else is a detrim5t to ! int]e/ & success ( ! /ory4 ,a book may be call$ a novel ev5 if x is compos$ ( a s]ies ( incid5ts1 ea* complete 9 itself1 :i* are b\nd toge!r by a sl5d] ?read ( common *>act]s2 b a /ory _c prop]ly be call$ a %ort "o unless x has simplicity ( plot1 s+l5ess ( "* & climax1 & fre$om f extrane\s matt]4 ,9 a %ort /ory ! />t+ po9t is an idea1 a def9ite notion1 an incid5t1 a surpris+ discov]y2 & ?is mu/ h a def9ite significance1 a be>+ on our view ( life2 also x mu/ be appli$ to ! developm5t ( "o life c\rse1 "o "*4 ,! novel1 on ! o!r h&1 />ts ) a conception ( "*1 a man1 a woman1 a human he>t1 :i* "u c]ta9 circum/ances works out a def9ite result1 makes a _w4444 ,la/ly x develops a gr\p ( *>act]s1 :o toge!r make a complete community1 in/ead ( trac+ ! life c\rse ( "o4#i ,to prove t ^! v>i\s requirem5ts are recogniz$ & obs]v$ by ma/]s ( ! art1 ,i w\ld ask y to consid] ! foll[+ li/1 :i* ,! ,critic select$ f ne>ly five hundr$ submitt$ 9 competition = a prize :i* x (f]$ = a li/ ( ! be/ twelve ,am]ican %ort /ories3 ,! ,man ,)\t a ,c\ntry1 ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale4 ,! ,luck ( ,ro>+ ,camp1 ,bret ,h>te4 ,! ,great ,/one ,face1 ,na?aniel ,haw?orne4 ,! ,sn[ ,image1 ,na?aniel ,haw?orne4 ,! ,gold ,bug1 ,edg> ,allan ,poe4 ,! ,murd]s 9 ! ,rue ,morgue1 ,edg> ,allan ,poe4 ,! ,lady1 or ! ,tig]8 ,frank ,r4 ,/ockton4 ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[1 ,wa%+ton ,irv+4 ,rip ,van ,w9kle1 ,wa%+ton ,irv+4 ,m>se ,*an1 ,?omas ,nelson ,page4 ,m>jorie ,daw1 ,?omas ,bailey ,aldri*4 ,! ,revolt ( ,"m1 ,m>y ,e4 ,wilk9s4#aj ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,%ort ,/ory1 by ,fr$]ick ,w$more4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,m>41 '#ih4 ,footnote #c3 ,h[ to ,write ,%ort ,/ories4 ,an int]view ) ,f4 ,hopk9son ,smi? 9 ! ,bo/on ,h]ald4 ,curr5t ,lit]ature4 ,june1 '#if4 ,footnote #d3 ,rob]t ,b>r 9 ,h[ to ,write a ,%ort ,/ory2 ,a ,symposium4 ,! ,bookman4 ,m>41 '#ig4 ,footnote #e3 ,! ,philosophy ( ! ,%ort-/ory1 by ,br&] ,mat!ws4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,oct1 '#he4 ,footnote #f3 ,magaz9e ,fiction & ,h[ ,n to ,write ,x1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,nov41 '#id4 ,footnote #g3 ,! ,art ( ,fiction1 by ,gilb]t ,p>k]4 ,! ,critic1 ,dec41'#ih4 ,footnote #h3 ,9 _m respects ! art ( ! %ort /ory & ! novel are s closely alli$ t ,i h be5 able to re5=ce my obs]vations ) magaz9e articles :i* 7 meant to apply prim>ily to ! novel4--,,! ,,au?or4 ,footnote #i3 ,h[ to ,write ,fiction4 ,publi%$ anonym\sly by ,bellaires ,co41 ,london4 ,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,i4 ,footnote #aj3 ,! ,be/ ,twelve ,am]ican ,/ories4 ,! ,critic4 ,apr4 #aj1 '#ig4 ,,ii ,,%ort ,,/ories ,,classifi$ ,! treatm5t dem&$ by any p>ticul> /ory dep5ds m ^u its class ?an ^u ! tale itself2 a /ory :i* rec\nts an actual occurr5ce is mu* less exact+ ?an "o :i* attempts to depict mann]s2 &1 9 g5]al1 ! m ! writ] relies on 8 art1 ! m difficult is 8 task4 ,x is !re=e bo? possible & pr(itable to sep>ate %ort /ories into def9ite gr\ps & to consid] !m collectively r ?an z units4 ,?is classification is bas$ *iefly ^u ! necessity ( a plot1 ! purpose or aim ( ! n>rative1 & ! skill & c>e requir$ = its successful treatm5t4 ,x is crude & arbitr>y f a lit]>y /&po9t1 = a good %ort /ory is capable ( be+ li/$ "u sev]al diff]5t classes1 b x s]ves our practical purpose4 ,ea* /ory is plac$ accord+ to its dom9ant class2 & ! classes are arrang$ progressively f ! simple/ to ! mo/ difficult ( treatm5t4 ,! examples are pres5t$ only z def9ite illu/rations2 !re is no attempt to classify all %ort /ories1 or all ! /ories ( any p>ticul> au?or4 ,i4 ,,! ,,tale is ! relation1 9 an int]e/+ & lit]>y =m1 ( "s simple incid5t or /irr+ fact4 ,x has no plot 9 ! s5se t !re is any problem to unravel1 or any *ange 9 ! relation ( ! *>act]s2 x usually conta9s action1 b *iefly accid5ts or odd happ5+s1 :i* dep5d on _! intr9sic int]e/1 )\t reg>d to _! influ5ce on ! lives ( ! actors4 7a7 ,x is (t5 a g5u9e ,true ,/ory1 jeal\sly obs]vant ( facts1 & embelli%$ only to ! ext5t t ! au?or has endeavor$ to make 8 /yle vivid & picturesque4 ,su* /ories are a result ( ! t5d5cy ( ! mod]n newspap] to pres5t its news 9 good lit]>y =m4 ,! be/ illu/rations are ! occasional contributions ( ,ray ,/ann>d ,bak] to ,mc,clure's ,magaz9e4 7b7 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be an ,imag9ative ,tale1 :i* c\ld easily happ51 b :i* is ! "w ( ! au?or's imag9ation4 ,x is a /raight=w>d n>ration ( possible ev5ts2 if x passes ! b\nds ( probability1 or attempts ! utt]ly impossible1 x becomes a ,/ory ( ,+5uity4 7,see ,class ,,viii47 ,x has no love elem5t & no plot2 & its workman%ip is loose4 ,! be/ examples are ! /ories ( adv5ture f\nd 9 ! bett] class ( boys' & *ildr5's pap]s4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,moral ,,/ory1 9 spite ( ! beautiful examples left u by ,haw?orne1 is usually too baldly didactic to atta9 or hold a high place 9 lit]ature4 ,its av[$ purpose is to prea*1 &1 z ord9>ily writt51 prea* x does 9 ! mo/ det]m9$ way4 ,its plot is usually j suffici5t to introduce ! moral4 ,x is susceptible ( a high lit]>y poli% 9 ! h&s ( a ma/]2 b :5 attempt$ by a novice x is apt to deg5]ate into a mess ( moral platitudes4 7a7 ,! ,fable makes no attempt to disguise its didactic purpose1 b publi%es x by a f9al labell$ ,moral1 :i* epitomizes ! lesson x conveys4 ,9 ,fables ! *>act]s are (t5 animals1 end[$ ) all ! attributes ( m54 ,x e>ly lo/ favor because ( its bald didacticism1 & = ! la/ c5tury has be5 practic$ only occasionally4 ,to-day x is us$ *iefly = ! purpose ( burlesque & satire1 z 9 ,george ,ade's ,fables 9 ,slang4 sop is ( c\rse ! immortal example ( ?is sort ( /ory4 7b7 ,! ,/ory ) a ,moral attempts to sug>-coat its s]mon ) a little n>rative4 ,x /icks r closely to facts1 & has a slight plot1 :i* %[s1 or is made to %[1 ! consequ5ces ( dr9k+1 /eal+1 or "s o!r s94 ,usually x is ei!r brutally reali/ic or absurdly exagg]at$2 b t x c be giv5 lit]>y *>m is prov$ by ,haw?orne's use ( x4 ,m>ia ,edgewor? is easily ! awful example ( ?is class1 & h] /ories1 su* z ,murad ! ,unlucky & ,! ,grateful ,negro1 are excell5t illu/rations ( h[ n to write4 ,_m ( ,haw?orne's tales come "u ?is head1 especially ,lady ,eleanor's ,mantle1 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/1 & ,miss ,bullfrog4 ,! /ories ( ,miss ,wilk9s usually h a /rong moral elem5t1 b !y are bett] class$ 9 a lat] division4 7,see ,class ,,iv47 ,contempor>y examples ( ?is /yle ( writ+ may be f\nd 9 ! pages ( mo/ ,sunday ,s*ool & ,temp]ance pap]s4 7c7 ,! ,allegory is ! only really lit]>y =m ( ! ,moral ,/ory1 & ! only "o :i* survives to-day4 ,x has a /rong moral purpose1 b disguises x "u ! pret5se ( a well-told /ory2 s t x is read = its /ory alone1 & ! read] is consci\s ( its lesson only :5 he has f9i%$ ! n>rative4 ,x usually p]sonifies or gives concrete =m to ! v>i\s virtues & vices ( m54 ,examples3 ,haw?orne's ,! ,bir?m>k1 ,rappacc9i's ,daught]1 & ,fea!rtop4 ,allegories :i* des]ve ! "n are sometimes f\nd 9 curr5t p]iodicals4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,weird ,,/ory owes its int]e/ to ! innate love ( ! sup]natural or unexpla9able :i* is a "p ( our complex human nature--! same feel+ :i* prompts a gr\p ( *ildr5 to beg = j "o m gho/ /ory1 :ile !y are /ill %ak5 ) ! t]ror ( ! la/ "o4 ,x may h a def9ite plot 9 :i* sup]natural be+s are actors2 b m (t5 x is slight 9 plot1 b conta9s a c>eful psy*ological /udy ( "s ( ! less pleasant emotions4 7a7 ,! ,gho/ ,/ory usually has a def9ite plot1 9 :i* ! gho/ is an actor4 ,! gho/ may be a really truly app>ition1 manife/+ itself by ! conv5tional me?ods1 & rema9+ unexpla9$ to ! end1 z 9 ,irv+'s ,! ,spectre ,bridegroom1 & ,kipl+'s ,! ,phantom ',rick%aw2 or x may prove to be ! result ( a sup]/iti\s m9d dwell+ ^u p]fectly natural occurr5ces1 z 9 ,irv+'s ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[1 & ,wilk9s' ,a ,g5tle ,gho/4 ,x requires art *iefly to r5d] x plausible2 p>ticul>ly 9 ! latt] case1 :5 ! my/]y mu/ be c>efully kept up until ! d5\em5t4 7b7 ,! ,fanta/ic ,tale treats ( ! light] phases ( ! sup]natural4 ,its /yle might be well describ$ z :imsical1 its purpose is to amuse by means ( playful fancies1 & x usually exhibits a delicate humor4 ,! plot is slight & subord9ate4 ,examples3 ,haw?orne's ,a ,select ,p>ty1 ,! ,hall ( ,fantasy1 & ,monsieur du ,miroir2 & mo/ ( our mod]n fairy tales4 7c7 ,! ,/udy 9 ,horror 0 fir/ made popul> by ,poe1 & he has _h almo/ no successful imitators4 ,x is unheal?y & morbid1 full ( a t]rible *>m if well done1 b tawdry & disgu/+ if bungl$4 ,x requires a d>+ imag9ation1 a full & facile vocabul>y1 & a ke5 s5se ( ! ludicr\s to hold ^! two 9 *eck4 ,! plot is us$ only to give ! sett+ to ! /ory4 ,mo/ any ( ,poe's tales w\ld s]ve z an illu/ration1 b ,! ,pit & ! ,p5dulum1 & ,! ,fall ( ! ,h\se ( ,u%] are p>ticul>ly apt4 ,doyle has done "s "w approa*+ ,poe's1 b 8 are bett] class$ z ,/ories ( ,+5uity4 7,see ,class ,,viii47 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,"* ,,/udy is a %ort /ory 9 :i* ! *ief int]e/ re/s 9 ! developm5t & exposition ( human "*4 ,x may treat ( ei!r a type or an individual4 ,good "* del9eation is "o ( ! sure/ pro(s ( a writ]'s lit]>y ability4 7a7 ,:5 ! "* depict$ is inactive ! resultant "w is n really a /ory4 ,x usually has no plot1 & is prop]ly a ,sket*1 9 :i* ! au?or makes a psy*ological analysis ( 8 subject4 ,x incl9es to sup]ficiality & is liable to deg5]ate into a m]e detail$ description ( ! p]son4 ,x dem&s ( ! writ] ! ability to cat* /rik+ details & to pres5t !m vividly & int]e/+ly4 ,examples3 ,haw?orne's ,sylph ,e!rege & ,old ,e/h] ,dudley2 ,poe's ,! ,man ( ! ,cr[d2 ,james' ,greville ,fane & ,sir ,edmund ,orme2 ,/ev5son's ,w o' ! ,mill2 ,wilk9s' ,! ,sc5t ( ! ,roses & ,a ,village ,le>4 7b7 ,:5 ! "* describ$ is active we h a ,"* ,/udy prop]1 built ^u a plot :i* gives ! "* opportunity to "w out 8 own p]sonality be=e u by means ( spee* & action4 ,! plot is subord9at$ to ! "* sket*+4 ,! psy*ological analysis is n pres5t$ by ! au?or 9 s _m words1 b is d$uc$ by ! read] f 8 obs]vation ( ! "*4 ,su* /udies con/itute "o ( ! highe/ art =ms ( ! %ort /ory1 = ! *>act]s mu/ live on ! pr9t$ page4 ,! %ort /ories ( ,h5ry ,james & ( ,miss ,wilk9s c\ld almo/ be class$ 9 toto "u ?is head2 ,miss ,wilk9s' *>act]s are usually types1 :ile ^? ( ,james are m (t5 individual1 ?\gh r unusual4 ,o!r good examples are ,haw?orne's ,edw>d ,r&olph's ,portrait2 ,irv+'s ,! ,devil & ,tom ,walk]1 & ,wolf]t ,web]2 ,/ev5son's ,m>kheim & ,! ,br[n ,box2 & ,davis' ,van ,bibb]1 z depict$ 9 ! sev]al /ories ( ,van ,bibb] & ,o!rs4 ,notice t 9 bo? subdivisions ne>ly e title embodies a ref]5ce to ! "* describ$1 %[+ t ! au?or int5tionally set out to sket* a "*4 ,v4 ,,! ,,dialect ,,/ory might be consid]$ z a subdivision ( ! prec$+ class1 s9ce x is 9 effect a ,"* ,/udy2 b its rec5t popul>ity seems to w>rant its be+ treat$ sep>ately4 ,its *ief di/9ction is t x is writt5 9 ! brok5 ,engli% us$ by ! un$ucat$ classes ( our own c\ntry1 & by =eign]s4 ,its plot is ei!r v slight or hopelessly hackney$1 & x is r$eem$ f %e] commonplace only by its picturesque language4 ,x is usually told 9 ! fir/ p]son by "s ,engli%-murd]+ ignoramus4 ,x is simple1 & sometimes has a homely pa?os4 ,x may pres5t "* z ei!r active or inactive1 ?\gh usually ! =m]4 ,its excuse = exi/5ce is t x gives tru?ful expression1 9 _! own language1 to ! ?\ghts ( c]ta9 classes ( society2 b z writt5 by ! amateur ! dialect is a fe>ful & wond]ful comb9ation ( incorrect ,engli% t 0 nev] he>d f ! m\? ( any liv+ man4 ,joel ,*&l] ,h>ris' ,nights ) ,uncle ,remus conta9s g5u9e dialect2 o!r v>ieties correctly h&l$ may be f\nd 9 almo/ any ( ! /ories ( ,george ,wa%+ton ,cable1 ,ian ,macl>51 & ,miss ,wilk9s4 ,! ,dialect ,/ory z lit]ature & z a field = ! novice is consid]$ at l5g? 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,p>able ,,( ,,! ,,times is a %ort /ory :i* aims to pres5t a vivid picture ( our own times1 ei!r to criticise "s exi/+ evil1 or to ent]ta9 by tell+ u some?+ ( h[ ! o!r half ( ! _w lives4 ,x is 9 a s5se a fur!r developm5t ( ,! ,tale 7,class ,i471 ?\gh x has a m def9ite plot4 ,x is ! mo/ favor$ =m ( ! %ort /ory to-day1 & its popul>ity is responsible = a mess ( inane commonplace & bald realism t is writt5 by amateurs1 :o ?9k !y are pres5t+ p5 pictures ( life4 ,= s9ce its matt] is ga!r$ f our ev]yday lives1 x requires "s degree ( skill to make su* n>ratives individual & int]e/+4 7a7 ,! ,in/ructive ,/ory ( ?is class may be fur!r subdivid$ z 7#a7 t :i* puts pres5t day problems 9 concrete =m1 ) no attempt at a solution2 & 7#b7 t :i* n only criticises1 b attempts also to correct4 ,9 ei!r case1 x aims to re=m by education2 x deals ) actual problems ( humanity r ?an ) ab/ract moral tru?s2 & x seeks to amuse always1 & to re=m if possible4 ,x mu/ n be confus$ ) ! ,moral ,/ory ( ,class ,,ii4 ,octave ,?anet writes ?is /yle ( /ory almo/ exclusively1 & any ( h] "w select$ at r&om w\ld be a good illu/ration2 h] ,sket*es ( ,am]ican ,types w\ld be li/$ "u 7#a71 & su* /ories z ,! ,scab & ,tru/y ,no4 #di "u 7#b74 ,"u 7#a7 w\ld come also ,br&] ,mat!ws' ,vignettes ( ,manhattan2 & "u 7#b7 ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale's ,! ,man ,)\t a ,c\ntry & ,*ildr5 ( ! ,public4 7b7 ,! mo/ usual /ory ( ?is class is ! ,/ory ( ,to-day1 :i* uses pres5t day conditions z a backgr\nd1 & :i* endeavors only to amuse & int]e/ ! read]4 ,naturally1 h[ev]1 s9ce ! sc5es & p]sons describ$ mu/ be new to ! read]1 su* a /ory is also educat+ & broad5+ 9 its influ5ce4 ,its plot may seem trivial :5 analyz$1 b x is select$ ) a view m to naturalness ?an to /r5g? or complexity4 ,"h we %\ld li/ ne>ly all ( our mod]n s-call$ society /ories1 & /ories ( mann]s4 ,any ( ,ri*>d ,h>d+ ,davis' %ort /ories w s]ve z an excell5t illu/ration1 & mo/ ( ! /ories 9 curr5t p]iodicals belong 9 ! same category4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,+5uity is "o ( ! mo/ mod]n =ms ( ! %ort /ory1 &1 if ,i may be p>don$ ! prolixity1 "o ( ! mo/ +5i\s4 ,x might be call$ ! fairy tale ( ! gr[n-up1 = its int]e/ dep5ds entirely ^u its appeal to ! love = ! m>vel\s :i* no human be+ ev] outgr[s4 ,x requires f]tility ( inv5tion1 vividness ( imag9ation1 & a plausible & conv9c+ /yle4 ,yet x is an easy sort ( /ory to d successfully1 s9ce +5uity w atone = _m te*nical faults2 b x usually lacks s]i\s int]e/ & is %ort liv$4 ,poe 0 ! orig9ator & great exempl> ( ! ,/ory ( ,+5uity1 & all ( 8 tales possess ?is clev]ness 9 "s degree4 7a7 ,! ,/ory ( ,wond] has little plot4 ,x is g5]ally ! vivid description ( "s amaz+ discov]y 7,poe's ,"s ,words ) a ,mummy1 ,hale's ,! ,spid]'s ,eye71 impossible inv5tion 7,adee's ,! ,life ,magnet1 ,mit*ell's ,! ,able/ ,man 9 ! ,_w71 a/\nd+ adv5ture 7,/ockton's ,wreck ( ! ,?omas ,hyde1 ,/ev5son's ,h\se ) ,gre5 ,bl9ds71 or a vivid description ( :at might be 7,b5jam9's ,! ,end ( ,new ,york1 ,poe's ,! ,doma9 ( ,arnheim74 ,x dem&s unusual imag9ative p[]4 7b7 ,! ,detective ,/ory requires ! mo/ complex plot ( any type ( %ort /ory1 = its int]e/ dep5ds solely ^u ! solution ( ! my/]y pres5t$ 9 t plot4 ,x ar\ses 9 ! human m9d mu* ! same int]e/ z an algebraic problem1 :i* x greatly resembles4 ,poe wrote ! fir/1 & probably ! be/1 "o 9 ,! ,murd]s 9 ! ,rue ,morgue2 8 ,! ,my/]y ( ,m>ie ,roget & ,! ,gold ,bug are o!r excell5t examples4 ,doyle1 9 8 ,%]lock ,holmes /ories1 is a wor?y successor ( ,poe4 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,humor\s ,,/ory almo/ belongs 9 ! category ( ,/ories ( ,+5uity1 s l>gely does x dep5d ^u ! elem5t ( ! unusual2 b = t fact x %\ld h be5 li/$ e>li]1 because x has little c>e = plot4 ,inde$1 ^! /ories are ! free/ ( all 9 _! disreg>d = conv5tions2 ) !m x is any?+ to raise a laugh1 & ! end is suppos$ to ju/ify ! means4 ,9 g5]al !y are ( transi5t int]e/ & crude workman%ip1 little fitt$ to be call$ classics2 b ,m>k ,twa91 at lea/1 has %[n u t humor & art are n incompatible4 7a7 ,! simple/ =m is ! ,nons5se ,/ory1 z x may be ju/ly call$4 ,usually x has ! m]e/ ?read ( plot1 b conta9s odd or grotesque *>act]s ^: witty conv]sation furni%es all ! amusem5t necess>y4 ,if ! *>act]s d act !y h an un=tunate t5d5cy to indulge 9 horse play4 ,! "w ( ,john ,k5drick ,bangs well illu/rates ?is type ( /ory4 ,8 books1 ,! ,h\se ,boat on ! ,/yx & ,! ,pursuit ( ! ,h\se ,boat1 are really only collections ( %ort /ories1 = ea* *apt] c be consid]$ z a :ole4 7b7 ,! ,burlesque has a plot1 b usually "o :i* is absurdly impossible1 or :i* is treat$ 9 a burlesque /yle4 ,! amusem5t is d]iv$ *iefly f ! contra/ betwe5 ! matt] & ! me?od ( its pres5tation4 ,mo/ ( ,/ockton's /ories are ( ?is type3 notably 8 ,! ,lady1 or ! ,tig]8 ,m>k ,twa91 too1 usually writes 9 ?is ve91 z 9 ,! ,jump+ ,frog & ,! ,/ol5 ,:ite ,elephant4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,dramatic ,,/ory is ! highe/ type ( ! %ort /ory4 ,x requires a def9ite b simple plot1 :i* enables ! *>act]s to act out _! p>ts4 ,9 its p]fect =m x is ! bit ( real life :i* x is ! aim ( ! %ort /ory to pres5t4 ,x is ! /ory %orn ( all ne$less v]biage1 & told z ne>ly z possible 9 ! words & actions ( ! *>act]s !mselves2 & x possesses a /rong climax4 ,!re=e x dem&s ! mo/ c>eful & skillful workman%ip1 f its conception to its f9al poli%+4 ,x is ! mo/ mod]n type ( ! %ort /ory4 7a7 ,! %ort /ory has ,dramatic ,=m :5 ! au?or's necess>y comm5ts correspond to ! /age directions ( ! drama4 ,su* a /ory is1 9 fact1 a m9iature drama1 & is (t5 capable ( be+ act$ j z x /&s4 ,x has a def9ite plot1 b x is develop$ by dialogue z frequ5tly z by action4 ,x is ! extreme ( ! mod]n t5d5cy t[>d dramatic n>rative1 & is j a little too /agey & artificial to be a p]fect %ort /ory4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 good lit]>y /&+ & 9 good favor ) ! public1 & x is mo/ excell5t practice = ! tyro1 = 9 x he has to s9k himself completely 9 8 *>act]s4 ,examples3 ,hope's ,! ,dolly ,dialogues2 ,kipl+'s ,! ,/ory ( ! ,gadsbys2 & ,h[ells' "o act p>lor plays1 l ,! ,p>lor ,c>1 ,! ,regi/]1 ,! ,lett]1 & ,unexpect$ ,gue/s4 7b7 ,a %ort /ory has ,dramatic ,effect :5 x deals ) a s+le crisis1 conveys a s+le impression1 is pres5t$ *iefly by ! actors !mselves1 & culm9ates 9 a s+le1 p]fect climax4 ,x may1 or may n1 be capable ( easy dramatization4 ,x is less artificial ?an ! /ory ( pure ,dramatic ,=m1 b is j z free f padd+ & irrelevant matt]1 & j z vivid 9 effect4 ,x all[s ( great] art & f9i%1 = ! writ] has wid] fre$om 9 8 me?od ( pres5tation4 ,examples3 ,poe's ',?\ ,art ! ,man6' & ,b]5ice2 ,james' ,! ,lesson ( ! ,ma/] & ,a ,passionate ,pilgrim2 ,wilk9s' ,a ,new ,engl& ,nun & ,am&a & ,love2 ,/ev5son's ,! ,isle ( ! ,voices2 & ,irv+'s ,! ,wid[ & ,h] ,son & ,rip ,van ,w9kle4 ,b1 inde$1 e good %ort /ory belongs 9 ?is class1 :i* is n s mu* a c]ta9 type ( ! %ort /ory1 z ! honor class to :i* ea* /ory seeks admittance4 ,e /ory cit$ 9 ?is book1 unless o!rwise locat$1 c be f\nd 9 "o ( ! app5d$ publi%$ collections ( %ort /ories3 ,george ,ade3 ,fables 9 ,slang4 ,john ,k5drick ,bangs3 ,! ,bicycl]s2 ,gho/s ,i ,h ,met2 ,! ,h\seboat on ! ,/yx2 ,mantel-,piece ,m9/rels1 & ,o!r ,/ories2 ,pa/e ,jewels2 ,! ,pursuit ( ! ,h\seboat2 ,! ,wat]-,gho/ & ,o!rs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,b>rie3 ,an ,auld ,li*t ,manse2 ,auld ,li*t ,idyls4 ,george ,wa%+ton ,cable3 ,old ,creole ,days2 ,/range ,true ,/ories ( ,l\isiana4 ,samuel ,l4 ,clem5s 7,m>k ,twa973 ,m]ry ,tales2 ,! ,/ol5 ,:ite ,elephant4 ,ri*>d ,h>d+ ,davis3 ,c9d]ella & ,o!rs2 ,! ,exiles & ,o!r ,/ories2 ,gallegh]1 & ,o!r ,/ories2 ,! ,lion & ! ,unicorn2 ,van ,bibb] & ,o!rs4 ,*>les ,dick5s3 ,*ri/mas ,books2 ,*ri/mas ,/ories2 ,sket*es by ,boz4 ,a4 ,conan ,doyle3 ,! ,adv5tures ( ,%]lock ,holmes2 ,! ,capta9 ( ! ,pole ,/>2 ,! ,exploits ( ,brigadi] ,g]>d2 ,memoirs ( ,%]lock ,holmes2 ,my ,fri5d ! ,murd]]2 ,r\nd ! ,r$ ,lamp4 ,m>ia ,edgewor?3 ,popul> ,tales4 ,alice ,fr5* 7,octave ,?anet73 ,a ,book ( ,true ,lov]s2 ,! ,mission>y ,%]iff2 ,/ories ( a ,we/]n ,t[n4 ,h4 ,rid] ,hagg>d3 ,allan's ,wife4 ,joel ,*&l] ,h>ris3 ,daddy ,jake1 ! ,runaway2 ,nights ) ,uncle ,remus2 ,tales ( ,home ,folks 9 ,peace & ,w>4 ,bret ,h>te3 ,colonel ,/>bottle's ,cli5t2 ,9 ! ,holl[ ( ! ,hills2 ,! ,luck ( ,ro>+ ,camp2 ,mrs4 ,skagg's ,husb&s2 ,tales ( ! ,argonauts2 ,?ankful ,blossom2 ,! ,/ory ( a ,m9e4 ,na?aniel ,haw?orne3 ,mosses f an ,old ,manse2 ,twice ,told ,tales4 ,an?ony ,hope3 ,! ,dolly ,dialogues4 ,william ,dean ,h[ells3 ,a ,fe>ful ,responsibility & ,o!r ,/ories2 ,! ,m\se-,trap & ,o!r ,f>ces2 ,! ,sleep+ ,c> & ,o!r ,f>ces4 ,wa%+ton ,irv+3 ,! ,sket* ,book2 ,tales ( a ,travel]4 ,h5ry ,james3 ,! ,asp]n ,pap]s2 ,! ,au?or ( ,beltraffio2 ,! ,lesson ( ! ,ma/]2 ,a ,london ,life2 ,a ,passionate ,pilgrim2 ,! ,real ,?+4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+3 ,! ,day's ,"w2 ,9 ,black & ,:ite2 ,indian ,tales2 ,! ,jungle ,book2 ,life's ,h&icap2 ,_m ,inv5tions2 ,! ,phantom ',rick%aw2 ,pla9 ,tales f ! ,hills2 ,! ,second ,jungle ,book2 ,soldi]s ,?ree & ,milit>y ,tales2 ,soldi] ,/ories2 ,"u ! ,deod>s4 ,br&] ,mat!ws3 ,outl9es 9 ,local ,color2 ,tales ( ,fantasy & ,fact2 ,vignettes ( ,manhattan4 ,guy de ,maupassant3 ,! ,odd ,numb]4 ,?omas ,nelson ,page3 ,! ,burial ( ! ,guns2 ,9 ,ole ,virg9ia4 ,scribn]'s s]ies3 ,%ort ,/ories by ,am]ican ,au?ors4 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son3 ,! ,isl& ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5ts2 ,! ,m]ry ,m52 ,new ,arabian ,nights4 ,frank ,r4 ,/ockton3 ,amos ,kilbright2 ,! ,lady1 or ! ,tig]8 ,rudd] ,grange2 ,a ,/ory ,tell]'s ,pack4 ,john ,watson 7,ian ,macl>573 ,auld ,lang ,syne2 ,beside ! ,bonnie ,bri] ,bu%4 ,m>y ,e4 ,wilk9s3 ,a ,humble ,romance2 ,! ,love ( ,p>son ,"l2 ,a ,new ,engl& ,nun2 ,! ,pot ( ,gold2 ,sil5ce2 ,"y ,lucretia4 ,,iii ,,! ,,plot ,! plot is ! nucleus ( ! /ory1 ! b>e ?\ght or incid5t ^u :i* ! n>rative is to be build$4 ,:5 a *ild says1 ,gr&ma1 tell me ! /ory ( h[ ! :ale swall[$ ,jonah1 he gives ! plot ( ! /ory t he desires2 & ! gr&mo!r proce$s to elaborate t primal idea to suit ! ta/e ( h] auditor4 ,9 l mann]1 be=e y put p5 to pap]1 y mu/ h 9 m9d "s int]e/+ idea :i* y wi% to express 9 n>rative =m2 ! abs5ce ( su* an idea means t y h no plot1 no /ory to tell1 & !re=e h no bus9ess to be writ+4 ,if y und]take to tell a %ort /ory1 g ab\t x 9 a workmanlike mann]3 don't beg9 scribbl+ pretty phrases1 & tru/ to ,provid5ce to introduce ! prop] /ory1 b y\rself provide ! basic facts4 ,if y d n beg9 correctly1 x is useless = y to beg9 at all4 ,a plot implies action--t is1 some?+ mu/ happ52 at ! conclusion ( ! /ory ! *>act]s mu/ be diff]5tly situat$1 & usually diff]5tly relat$ "o to ano!r1 f :at !y 7 at ! beg9n+4 ,! ev5t ne$ n be tragic1 or ev5 s]i\s2 b x mu/ be ( suffici5t importance1 novelty & int]e/ to ju/ify its relation 9 n>rative =m4 ,9 g5]al ! plot ( a %ort /ory involves an incid5t or a m9or crisis 9 a human life1 r ?an ! supreme crisis :i* makes or m>s a man = good4 ,! *ief reason = ?is is t ! supreme crisis requires m elaborate prep>ation & treatm5t ?an is possible 9 ! %ort /ory4 ,!re may be a /rong tragic elem5t :i* makes x seem t ! d5\em5t mu/ be tragic1 b t is usually to obta9 ! effect ( contra/4 ,yet ! %ort /ory may be a supreme crisis & a trag$y1 z are ,/ev5son's ,m>kheim1 ,haw?orne's ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/#aa & ,! ,bir?m>k1 & _m ( ,poe's tales2 b ^! are /ories ( an exceptional type1 9 :i* ! :ole life ( ! *ief actor comes to a focus 9 ! crisis :i* makes ! /ory4 ,! %ort /ory plot mu/ be simple & complete4 ,! popul> idea ( a plot1 d]iv$ f ! requirem5ts ( ! novel & ! drama1 is t x %\ld be a tangl$ ske9 ( facts & fancies1 :i* ! au?or %all fur!r complicate 9 ord] to exhibit 8 deftness 9 ! f9al dis5tanglem5t4 ,su* a plot is impossible = ! %ort /ory1 :i* admits ( no side issues & no second or "u plot4 ,x mu/ n be ! synopsis ( a novel1 or ! attempt to compress into ! t9y compass ( ! %ort /ory a complicat$ plot suffici5t = a novel1 z are s _m ( ! ,%ort ,/ories ( ! ,day n[ publi%$ by newspap]s4 ,z ne>ly z possible x mu/ deal ) a s+le p]son1 9 a s+le action1 at a s+le place1 9 a s+le "t4 ,m ?an any o!r mod]n =m ( lit]ature1 ! %ort /ory requires ! obs]vance ( ! old ,greek unities ( "t1 place & action3 its brevity & compactness d n admit ( ! prop] treatm5t ( ! *anges wr\ght by ! passage ( "t1 ! influ5ces ( diff]5t sc5es1 or ! complications result+ f ! int]relation ( _m *>act]s ( v>i$ importance4 ,if ! plot *os5 requires ! passage ( t5 ye>s' "t1 if x involves a %ift ( sc5e f ,new ,york to ,timbuctoo1 or if x introduces two or ?ree sets ( *>act]s1 x may by "s miracle ( +5uity make a readable /ory1 b x w nev] be a model "o4 ,9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ ! "t is less ?an ?ree h\rs1 ! place is a s+le room1 & ! action is ! developm5t ( ! gue/'s ambition4 ,yet ! plot is only relatively important4 ,x mu/ always be pres5t or !re is no /ory2 b once !re x takes second place4 ,! %ort /ory is n writt5 to exploit ! plot1 h[ev] clev] t may be1 b to give a glimpse ( real life2 & ! plot is only a means to t end4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ by ! ,"* ,/udy1 9 :i* ! real int]e/ c5t]s 9 ! analysis & exposition ( a "*1 & ! plot is incid5tal4 ,9 _m classes ( /ories1 z we h already obs]v$1 ! plot is us$ only to hold ! n>rative toge!r1 & ! int]e/ dep5ds on ! attractiv5ess ( ! picture pres5t$4 ,! plot mu/ n be all[$ to =ce itself ?r\gh ! fabric ( ! /ory1 l ! protrud+ ribs ( a half-/>v$ horse2 b mu/ be made to give =m & sub/antiality to ! ^w-fle% :i* cov]s x4 ,9 ,detective ,/ories1 h[ev]1 ! plot is all-important1 = ! int]e/ dep5ds entirely ^u ! unravel+ ( "s tangle2 b ev5 "h x mu/ conta9 b a s+le idea1 ?\gh t may be r involv$4 ,su* /ories are really mu* simpl] ?an !y appe>1 = _! seem+ complexity consi/s 9 tell+ ! /ory backw>ds1 & s reason+ f effect to cause1 r ?an vice v]sa z 9 ! ord9>y tale4 ,! plot itself is simple en\gh1 z may be prov$ by work+ backw>d ?r\gh ,poe's ,! ,murd]s 9 ! ,rue ,morgue4 ,?is is1 by ! way1 a me?od ( plot-mak+ :i* is (t51 & incorrectly1 employ$ by novices 9 ! con/ruction ( any /ory4 ,x has be5 aptly call$ build+ ! pyramid f ! apex d[nw>d4#ab ,x results f an exagg]at$ conception ( ! importance ( ! plot4 ,b x is n s mu* :at ! *>act]s d t int]e/s u1 b h[ !y d x4 ,! true me?od = ! mak+ ( a plot is ! developm5t ( :at may be call$ a plot-g]m4 ,take two or ?ree *>act]s1 /rongly individualiz$ morally & m5tally1 place !m 9 a /rong situation & let !m develop4444 ,!re are hundr$s ( ^! plot-g]ms 9 our e-day life1 conv]sation & newspap] read+1 & ! slighte/ *ange 9 ! "* at />t+ w give a wide diff]5ce 9 end+4444 ,*ange ! c\ntry & ! atmosph]e is *ang$1 ! elem5ts are subject$ to new influ5ces :i* develop new incid5ts & s a new plot4444 ,*ange any vital "p 9 any "* & ! plot mu/ be diff]5t4 ,"o might almo/ say two plots ?us develop$ f ! same plot-g]m c h no great] resemblance ?an two %ells ca/ up by ! ocean4#ac ,9 ! evolution ( a plot ! ma9 ?+s to be consid]$ are t x %all be reasonably int]e/+1 t x %all n violate probability1 & t x %all possess "s orig9ality ei!r ( subject or ( treatm5t4 ,n ! possible1 b ! probable1 %\ld be ! noveli/'s guide4#ad ,! sure/ te/ ( a usable plot is1 ,is x natural8 ,e plot is f\nd$ ^u fact1 :i* may be utiliz$ 9 its orig9al =m1 or s skillfully disguis$ or +5i\sly di/ort$ t x w seem l a product ( ! imag9ation4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! result+ /ory w\ld be t]m$ reali/ic1 9 ! second case romantic4 ,a /ory built on a plot t is an unv>ni%$ fact w be ( c\rse a ,true ,/ory2 & !re are incid5ts & ev5ts 9 real life t ne$ little m ?an isolation to make !m good /ories4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a dang] t ! novice may consid] any matt] usable :i* is true to life4 ,d n =get t ! %ort /ory is a =m ( art4#ae ,! be/ plot is d]iv$ f ! action ( an arti/ic imag9ation on a commonplace fact2 ! simpl] & bett] kn[n ! fact is1 ! bett] w x s]ve ! purpose1 = x mu/ be accept$ )\t "q3 !n x mu/ be built up & develop$ by imag9ative t\*es1 always ) a view to plausibility1 till x atta9s ! dignity ( a di/9ct & int]e/+ plot4 ,rec5t discov]ies & ! atta9m5ts ( mod]n sci5ce h introduc$ u to s _m /range ?+s t we h almo/ ceas$ to d\bt any /atem5t :i* we may see 9 pr9t2 & writ]s h become s +5i\s 9 weav+ toge!r fact & fancy t _! tales are sometimes m plausible ?an tru? itself4 ,?is 0 done ) peculi> skill by ,poe4 ,8 /ory1 n[ kn[n z ,! ,balloon ,hoax1 orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,sun z a correspond5t's acc\nt ( an actual occurr5ce4 ,! tale ga9$ cr$5ce ?r\gh its rem>kable accuracy ( detail 9 reg>d to recogniz$ sci5tific pr9ciples1 & ! fact t at t "t ! _w 0 consid]ably agitat$ by simil> g5u9e feats ( a]o/ation4 ,z ,poe makes "o ( 8 *>act]s to say1 ! feat is only s feasible t ! sole wond] is :y m5 h scrupl$ to attempt x be=e--at lea/ on pap]4 ,yet 9 spite ( ! _m curi\s & int]e/+ ?+s t happ5 daily1 & 9 spite ( ! inv5tive faculty ( ! m9d1 x is impossible to f9d a new plot4 ,hi/ory repeats itself 9 small affairs z well z 9 great1 & ! human m9d has n *ang$ mat]ially s9ce ! fir/ days ( /ory tell+4 ,inde$1 "s "o has said t all ! /ories ev] told c be trac$ to less ?an a doz5 orig9al plots1 ^: orig9 is lo/ 9 obscurity4 ,b if we c nei!r f9d nor inv5t a new /ory we c at lea/ r+ ! *anges on ! old ones1 & 9 ?is lies our hope to-day4 ,ea* "o ( ^! old plots is capable ( an inf9ite v>iety ( phases1 & :at we are con/antly hail+ z an orig9al /ory is m]ely "o ( our old fri5ds look$ at f a diff]5t po9t ( view4 ,h[ _m good1 fre% /ories h y read t 7 bas$ on ! anci5t elem5tal plot ( two m5 9 love ) "o woman1 or on t equally ho>y "o ( fond lov]s sev]$ by disapprov+ p>5ts8 ,irv+'s ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[ is d]iv$ f ! fir/1 yet few read]s w\ld s recognize x on fir/ p]usal2 = unless y /op & analyze x1 x seems di/9ct & new4 ,= fur!r illu/ration ( ?is rework+ ( old ideas1 ,i h c>efully se>*$ ! lead+ ,am]ican magaz9es = ,m>*1 #aijj1 = %ort /ories bas$ ^u ! old1 old elem5tal plot ( two m5 9 love ) "o woman1 & app5d h]e) r\gh synopses ( su* /ories4 ,note t ?is "o numb] ( ,! ,munsey conta9s no less ?an ?ree /ories ) ?is basic plot4 ,! ,munsey4 ,! ,folly ( ,x1 by ,ina ,brevoort4 ,fr$ ,leighton & ,john ,m>*mont are 9 love ) ,angela4 ,%e loves ,leighton1 b !y h agre$ t he is too poor to make _! m>ri$ life happy4 ,m>*mont1 :o is ri*1 proposes to h]4 ,%e & ,leighton calmly discuss ! situation at _! la/ d9n] toge!r & confirm _! =m] decision2 b :5 ! matt] is logically settl$ !y decide to defy pov]ty & m>ry4 ,) a ,second to ,sp>e1 by ,tom ,hall4 ,lab>re & ,i bo? love ,nellie1 b ,nellie m>ries me4 ,lab>re leads a big /rike on ! railroad by :i* we are bo? employ$ z eng9e]s2 ,i refuse to jo94 ,"o noon ,lab>re ov]p[]s me1 b9ds me on ! rails betwe5 ! :eels ( my eng9e1 & />ts x mov+ sl[ly s t x w cru% me by twelve1 :5 ,nellie always br+s my d9n]4 ,aft] my dea? he expects to m>ry h]4 ,nellie arrives & releases me j 9 ! nick ( "t4 7,?is /ory is really a sc5e f an amateur melodrama47 ,mulligan's ,trea*]y1 by ,david ,h4 ,talmadge4 ,mulligan & ,g>vey love ,ell5 ,kelly4 ,!y agree n to take advantage ( ea* o!r 9 woo+ h]1 & g to ! ,philipp9es toge!r z soldi]s4 ,!re ,g>vey1 lead+ a *>ge1 is %ot ?r\gh ! head1 b ,mulligan goes on & receives a m$al = 8 brav]y4 ,g>vey recov]s1 b is bl9d = life4 ,on _! return to ,am]ica ,mulligan f9ds ,ell5's face t]ribly mutilat$ by an accid5t4 ,he w\ld /ill gladly m>ry h]2 b he makes ,g>vey believe he won ! m$al1 tells him no?+ ( ,ell5's disfigurem5t1 & br+s ab\t _! m>riage4 ,!n he is consci5ce /rick5 at ! mann] 9 :i* he has tak5 advantage ( 8 fri5d's disability4 ,! ,cosmopolitan4 ,! ,pilot ( ! ',sadie ,simmons1' by ,joseph ,mills ,hanson4 ,tommy ,duncan1 a ,mississippi ,riv] pilot1 is engag$ to ,tillie ,vail4 ,h] affections are ali5at$ by ,jack ,cragg1 a disreputable /eamboat eng9e]1 :om ,duncan1 believ+ he is deceiv+ ! girl1 ?reat5s to kill on sight4 ,cragg kills a man 9 a drunk5 brawl on %ore1 & ,duncan assi/s ! %]iff to save him f w\ld-be lyn*]s1 & swe>s to protect him1 be=e he kn[s :o ! prison] is4 ,:5 he le>ns he refuses to be b\nd by 8 oa?1 b z he is ab\t to c>ry out 8 ?reat he is l$ to believe t ,cragg hone/ly loves ! girl4 ,cragg is attack$ by a mob1 &1 ?\gh he _c swim1 jumps into ! riv] to escape4 ,duncan rescues him & loses 8 own life4 ,cragg re=ms & m>ries ,tilly4 ,a9slee's ,magaz9e4 ,mr4 ,sixty's ,mi/ake1 by ,*auncey ,c4 ,hot*kiss4 ,william ,lewis loves ,lillian ,bly!4 ,8 bro!r ,tom comes betwe5 !m & ,william %oots him & flees we/ to ,pleasant ,valley1 :]e he goes by ! "n ( ,cockey ,smi?4 ,"o night he tells 8 /ory to 8 companions4 ,h>ry ,bly!1 bro!r to ,lillian1 ,lewis' old fri5d1 & n[ %]iff ( 8 home c\nty1 :o arriv$ t night1 ov]he>s him4 ,bly! reveals 8 id5tity to ,sixty1 ! butt ( ! camp1 & tells him t ,tom did n die & t ,lewis c g back home1 :]e ,lillian is /ill wait+ = him4 ,sixty breaks ! news to ,lewis :ile ! latt] is mad ) dr9k1 & ,lewis1 ?9k+ ! %]iff has come = him1 kills him4 ,lat] he %oots himself4 ,a ,k5tucky ,welcome1 by ,ewan ,macph]son4 ,edmund ,pi]ce1 a ,new ,york]1 is 9 love ) ,lucy ,cabell1 a ,k5tucky belle2 & he>+ t h] c\s91 ,brook ,cabell1 is endang]+ 8 *ances1 he sets out to pay ,miss ,cabell a visit4 ,he gets (f at ! wrong /ation & 9 8 confusion is arre/$ by ! local m>%al z a ,russian diamond robb]4 ,he telegraphs to ! ,cabells1 & ,brook rescues him at ! po9t ( ! revolv]1 ?\gh he kn[s t ! ,nor!rn] is ,miss ,cabell's favorite4 ,^! /ories1 ev5 9 ?is crude1 cond5s$ =m1 robb$ ( all ! beauties ( imag]y & expression1 reveal ! virtues :i* won = !m editorial approval & :i* contribute to ! enjoym5t ( _! read]s4 ,_! app>5t fre%ness is due to ! treatm5t ( a ?read-b>e plot 9 a new phase1 & ! phase1 9 turn1 dep5ds ^u ! introduction ( "s new elem5t1 unimportant 9 itself1 p]haps1 :i* pres5ts ! old /ory 9 ! new light4 ,! ,folly ( ,x is ! be/ illu/ration1 = ?\gh its plot is old & app>5tly hopeless1 ! brightness & naturalness ( ! conv]sation :i* con/itutes almo/ ! entire /ory makes x mo/ readable4 ,9 ,mulligan's ,trea*]y ! p]sonality ( ,mulligan gives ! necess>y fre%ness4 ,! ,pilot ( ! ',sadie ,simmons' dep5ds on local color & ! int]e/ 9 ,duncan's /ruggle to di/+ui% "r f wrong4 ,& s "s little fre%ness ( treatm5t makes ea* ( ! o!rs a good /ory4 ,^! vivify+ elem5ts are by no means extraord9>y1 or difficult to f9d4 ,!y are new ideas conc]n+ old subjects1 su* z y are cont9ually meet+ 9 y\r ev]yday life & read+4 ,a new "*1 a new sc5e1 a new inv5tion or discov]y1 or m]ely a new m5tal bias on ! "p ( ! writ]1 w "w wond]s 9 ! revivify+ ( an old plot4 ,?9k h[ _m new phases ( old plots h be5 produc$ rec5tly by ! incorporation ( ! ,x ray1 or by ! influ5ce ( ! w> ) ,spa94 ,try1 !n1 to get a new light on ! plot t y purpose to use1 to view x f an unexpect$ side1 to h&le x 9 an unusual mann]--9 %ort1 try to be orig9al4 ,if y h n ! en]gy or ! ability to d ?is1 y w\ld bett] cease y\r lit]>y ef=ts at once1 = y w only wa/e y\r "t4 ,b 444 !re are "s !mes s hackney$--su* z ! lo/ w1 ! glorifi$ gov]ness1 or ! p]secut$ maid5 :o turns out to be an e>l's daught]--t !y w\ld n n[ be tol]at$ outside ! pages ( a 'p5ny dreadful1' :]e1 along ) haughty du*esses1 elf9-lock$ gypsies & murd]\s abductors1 !y h become "p ( ! regul> /ock-9-trade ( ! purveyors ( back-/airs lit]ature4 ,! only !me t nev] gr[s trite or commonplace is love4#af ,ano!r (f5se 444 is ! light !me t1 be+ analyz$1 am\nts to no?+4 ,x may be s clev]ly h&l$ t we read ) pleasure--& !n at ! end are disgu/$ ) ourselves = be+ pleas$1 & enrag$ at ! writ] = delud+ u2 = we ?\ght !re w\ld be some?+ b5ea? 8 graceful mann]s & airy p]siflage1 & lo1 !re is n4#ag ,! plot ( a %ort /ory %\ld all[ ( expression 9 a s+le %ort1 fairly simple s5t5ce2 if x _c be s compress$ !re is some?+ radically wrong ) x4 ,?is may be call$ ! elem5tal or true plot4 ,x w be 9 g5]al1 p]haps vague1 t]ms1 & w p]mit diff]+ treatm5t by diff]5t writ]s2 yet its tr5d & its outcome w be def9itely fix$4 ,?is true plot1 9 turn1 c be express$ 9 yet m g5]al t]ms1 (t5 z ! primal tru? :i* ! /ory illu/rates2 ?is may be call$ ! !me ( ! /ory4 ,?us 9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/1 ! !me is ,! futility ( ab/ract$ ambition2 or1 9 its mo/ g5]al t]ms1 ,! irony ( fate4 ,! true plot is3 ,an unkn[n b ambiti\s y\? /ops at a m\nta9 tav]n & p]i%es ) its inmates4 ,9 ! developm5t ( a plot f ?is g]m into ! complet$ /ory1 x is (t5 ( advantage to make :at may be call$ a skeleton or work+ plot4 ,?is skeleton is produc$ by ?9k+ ?r\gh ! /ory z x has be5 conceiv$1 & sett+ d[n on pap] 9 logical ord] a l9e = e important idea4 ,^! l9es w r\ghly correspond to ! p>agraphs ( ! f9i%$ /ory1 b 9 a descriptive p>agraph "o l9e w n suffice1 :ile a l9e may repres5t a doz5 p>agraphs ( dialogue2 !n1 too1 p>agraph+ is p>tly logical & p>tly me*anical1 & v>ies consid]ably ) ! p]son4 ,work+ ,plot ( ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/4 #a4 ,! sc5e is a tav]n locat$ at ! ,not* 9 ! ,:ite ,hills4 ,! "t1 a ,septemb] night4 ,! place is 9 dang] f l&slides & fall+ /ones4 ,! family--fa!r1 "m1 gr&mo!r1 daught] & *ildr5--are ga!r$ happily ab\t ! he>?4 #b1 #c4 ,! tav]n is on a well-frequ5t$ road4 #d-g4 ,a "y /rang] ent]s1 look+ r travel-worn1 b quickly bright5s up at 8 w>m reception4 #h1 #i4 ,a /one rolls d[n ! m\nta9 side4 #aj4 ,! gue/1 ?\gh naturally retic5t1 soon becomes famili> ) ! family4 #aa4 ,! secret ( ! "y man's "* is high & ab/ract$ ambition4 #ab4 ,he is z yet unkn[n4 #ac1 #ad4 ,he is s5sible ( ! ludicr\s side ( 8 ambition4 #ae4 ,! daught] is n ambiti\s4 #af-ai4 ,! fa!r's ambition is to own a good f>m1 to be s5t to ,g5]al ,c\rt1 & to die peacefully4 #bj-bc4 ,! *ildr5 wi% = ! mo/ ridicul\s ?+s4 #bd-bg4 ,a wagon /ops be=e ! inn1 b drives on :5 ! l&lord does n imm$iately appe>4 #bh-ca4 ,! daught] is n really cont5t4 #cb4 ,! family picture4 #cc-cg4 ,! gr&mo!r tells ( hav+ prep>$ h] grave-clo!s4 ,fe>s if !y are n put on smoo?ly %e w n re/ easily4 #ch1 #ci4 ,%e wi%es to see h]self 9 h] c(f94 #dj1 #da4 ,!y he> ! l&slide com+4 #db4 ,all ru% f ! h\se & are in/antly de/roy$4 ,! h\se is unh>m$4 ,! bodies are nev] f\nd4 #dc1 #dd4 ,ev5 ! dea? ( ! ambiti\s gue/ is 9 d\bt4 ,y w notice t ?is work+ plot omits _m little details :i* are too trivial to set d[n1 or :i* probably w\ld n occur to "o until ! actual writ+2 & all ! arti/ic t\*es t make ! /ory lit]ature are ru?lessly %orn away1 = !y are "p ( ! treatm5t1 n ( ! plot4 ,?is me?od ( p]mitt+ y to /udy y\r crude mat]ial 9 ! concrete w prove ( value to y4 ,x enables y to cry/alize into ideas :at 7 m]e phantasms ( ! bra91 to arrange y\r ?\ghts 9 _! prop] ord]1 & to cond5se or exp& details ) a ready compreh5sion ( ! effect ( su* alt]ations ^u ! g5]al proportions ( ! /ory4 ,x makes y\r purpos$ "w objective en\gh s t y c consid] x ) a coolness & imp>tiality :i* 7 impossible :ile x 0 /ill 9 embryo 9 y\r bra92 & x (t5 reveals ! absurdity or impossibility ( a plan :i* _h seem$ to y mo/ happy4 ,i believe t ! novice c d no bett] ?an to put 8 e /ory to ?is practical te/4 ,! use ( ?is skeleton 9 ! fur!r developm5t ( ! /ory dep5ds ^u ! me?ods ( ! writ]1 or ! matt] 9 h&4 ,_m %ort /ory writ]s wa/e no "t 9 prep>ations1 b at once set d[n ! /ory complete2 & to my m9d t is ! ideal me?od1 = x is m apt to make ! tale spontane\s & te*nically correct4 ,b if ! /ory is n well def9$ 9 y\r m9d1 or if x requires "s complexity ( plot1 l ! ,detective ,/ory1 ?is plan c be foll[$ to advantage 9 ! completion ( ! "w4 ,x may be us$ z a regul> skeleton1 ^u :i* ! n>rative is built by a process ( elaboration & expansion ( ! l9es into p>agraphs2 or x may be us$ m]ely z a ref]5ce to keep 9 m9d ! logical ord] ( ev5ts4 ,usually y w =get ! s*eme 9 ! absorption ( composition2 b ! fact ( hav+ prop]ly arrang$ y\r ideas w assi/ y mat]ially1 if unconsci\sly1 9 ! elaboration4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #aa3 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/1 because ( its te*nical p]fection & its apt illu/ration ( ! pr9ciples discuss$1 w be us$ ?r\gh\t z a p>adigm4 ,x c be f\nd 9 full 9 ! ,app5dix4--,,! ,,au?or4 ,footnote #ab3 ,h ! ,plots ,be5 ,exhau/$8 ,editorial ,comm5t4 ,curr5t ,lit]ature4 ,june1 '#if4 ,footnote #ac3 ,h ! ,plots ,be5 ,exhau/$8 ,editorial ,comm5t4 ,curr5t ,lit]ature4 ,june1 '#if4 ,footnote #ad3 ,rudim5t>y ,sugge/ions = ,beg9n]s 9 ,/ory ,writ+1 by ,e4 ,f4 ,&rews4 ,cosmopolitan4 ,feb41 '#ig4 ,footnote #ae3 ,= a complete discussion ( ! prop] use ( facts 9 fiction see ,*apt] ,v4--,,! ,,au?or4 ,footnote #af3 ,rudim5t>y ,sugge/ions = ,beg9n]s 9 ,/ory ,writ+1 by ,e4 ,f4 ,&rews4 ,cosmopolitan4 ,feb41 '#ig4 ,footnote #ag3 ,magaz9e ,fiction & ,h[ ,n to ,write ,x1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,nov41 '#id4 ,,iv ,,titles ,,good ,,& ,,bad ,too (t5 ! novice consid]s ! title ( 8 /ory a matt] ( no import4 ,he looks ^u x z a m]e h&le1 ! result ( "s happy aft]?\ght1 affix$ to ! complet$ /ory = conv5i5ce or ref]5ce1 j z numb]s are plac$ on ! books 9 a libr>y4 ,! title is really a fair te/ ( :at x introduces1 & _m a ,,ms4 has be5 ju/ly condemn$ by its title alone2 = ! editor kn[s t a poor title usually means a poor /ory4 ,?9k1 too1 h[ (t5 y y\rself pass a /ory by ) b a casual glance1 because its title does n int]e/ y3 exp]i5ce has %[n y t y seldom enjoy read+ a /ory :i* be>s an unattractive title4 ,a book's "n (t5 has an a/oni%+ influ5ce on its fir/ sale4 ,a title t piques curiosity or sugge/s excitem5t or emotion w draw a cr[d ( read]s ! mom5t x appe>s1 :ile a book sob]ly nam$ mu/ =ce its m]its on ! public4 ,! =m] has all ! advantage ( a pretty girl ov] a pla9 "o2 x is giv5 an in/antane\s *ance to prove itself wor? :ile4 ,a middle ag$1 unallur+ title 7',9 ,se>* ( ,quiet1' = in/ance7 may fright5 p away f :at proves to be a m9e ( wit & human int]e/4 ,a book head$ by a man's "n unmodifi$ & uncomm5t$ ^u--su* z ',horace ,*ase'--is apt to h a dre>y1 unprepossess+ air1 unless ! "n is an incisive "o t sugge/s an int]e/+ p]sonality4 ,fragm5ts ( prov]bs & poems are always attractive1 z well z ,biblical phrases & colloquial expressions1 b ! magic title is ! "o t excites & baffles curiosity4 ,! publi%]s ( a rec5t ',prim] ( ,evolution' receiv$ a sudd5 flood ( ord]s = ! book simply on acc\nt ( a review :i* _h spok5 ( x "u ! sobriquet1 ',f ,gas to ,g5ius4' ,_m copies 7 indignantly return$ :5 ! true title 0 reveal$4#ah ,9 #ahej ,dr4 ,o4 ,m4 ,mit*ell1 ,director ( ! ,a/ronomical ,obs]vatory 9 ,c9c9nati1 gave to ! press a volume entitl$ ',! ,planet>y & ,/ell> ,worlds4' ,! book fell dead f ! press4 ,! publi%] compla9$ bitt]ly ( ?is to a fri5d1 say+1 ',i h n sold a s+le copy4' ',well1' 0 ! reply1 'y h kill$ ! book by its title4 ,:y n call x ,! ,orbs ( ,heav58' ,! h9t 0 accept$ & act$ ^u1 & #f1jjj copies 7 sold 9 a mon?4#ai ,! title might almo/ be call$ ! text ( ! /ory2 x %\ld be logically d$uc$ f ! plot2 s a poor title usually indicates a poor plot & a poor /ory4 ,?is "n l9e %\ld gr[ out ( ! phase ( ! plot1 r ?an ! basic !me1 else x w be too ab/ract & g5]al4 ,x is s closely alli$ to ! plot t !y %\ld be born syn*ron\sly--or if any?+ ! title %\ld prec$e ! plot2 = ! /ory is built up ar\nd ! c5tral ?\ght t ! title expresses1 mu* z ,poe said he wrote ,! ,rav5 ab\t ! ^w nev]more4 ,at lea/1 ! title %\ld be def9itely fix$ long be=e ! /ory is complet$1 & (t5 be=e x has tak5 def9ite =m 9 ! writ]'s m9d4 ,t ?is is ! practice ( pr(essional writ]s may be prov$ by a glance at ! lit]>y column ( any p]iodical1 :]e com+ books are ann\nc$ by title :5 sc>cely a ^w ( !m has be5 writt54 ,s if y h difficulty 9 f9d+ an appropriate title = y\r /ory1 fir/ exam9e y\r plot1 & make sure t ! cause does n lie !re4 ,9 case y are unable to decide among a numb] ( possible titles1 any "o ( :i* might d1 y may f9d t y\r plot lacks ! def9it5ess ( impression requir$ by ! %ort /ory2 b a f]tile intellect may sugge/ a numb] ( good titles1 f :i* y\r only difficulty is to select ! be/4 ,a good /ory may be giv5 a bad title by its au?or1 & s />t$ t[>d failure4 ,novices are peculi>ly liable to ?is fault1 usually ?r\gh all[+ !mselves to be too easily satisfi$4 ,!y g to inf9ite pa9s to make ! /ory itself fre% & individual1 & !n cap x ) a commonplace phrase t is worse ?an no title at all4 ,a good title is apt1 specific1 attractive1 new1 & %ort4 ,a title is apt if x is an outgr[? ( ! plot--a text1 z ,i h said4 ,x /&s def9itely = t p>ticul> /ory1 & gives a sugge/ion ( :at is to come--b only a sugge/ion1 le/ x %\ld anticipate ! d5\em5t & s satisfy ! curiosity ( ! read] too soon4 ,an apt title excites & piques ! curiosity almo/ z mu* z does ! /ory itself4 ,examples3 ,haw?orne's ,! ,w$d+ ,knell2 ,poe's ',?\ ,art ! ,man6' ,wilk9s' ,! ,revolt ( ,"m4 ,ea* ( ^! titles conveys an idea1 ?\gh a vague "o1 ( ! !me ( ! /ory1 & s its aptness is app>5t2 b frequ5tly ! relevancy ( ! title is evid5t only aft] ! /ory has be5 read1 z 9 ! case ( ,james' ,! ,real ,?+ & ,! ,lesson ( ! ,ma/]4 ,su* a title is almo/ ideal4 ,?is susp5sion ( aptness1 c>ri$ to ! extreme1 produces su* vague & weak titles z3 ,happ9ess ,won4 ,almo/ ,too ,late4 ,aft] ,all4 ,reorganiz$4 ,! title mu/ be specific or x is seldom apt4 ,x is 9 ?is p>ticul> t ! novice g5]ally fails4 ,he d$uces 8 title r f ! orig9al plot1 or ev5 f ! !me1 ?an f ! p>ticul> phase :i* he pres5ts2 b its title %\ld di/+ui% 8 /ory f ! ho/ ( tales build$ ^u ! same basic plot1 j z ! ,*ri/ian "n ( a ,smi? di/+ui%es him f ! re/ ( ! great family ( :i* he is a memb]4 ,?us we h su* titles z ! foll[+1 :i* are m appropriate = essays 9 psy*ology1 moral philosophy1 or "s k9dr$ subject1 ?an = fiction3 ,h[ ,dreams ,come ,true4 ,moral ,vision4 ,sorr[ & ,joy4 ,! ,/raight ,pa?4 ,m (t5 ! unspecific title is simply a vague ref]5ce to ! g5]al /yle ( ! /ory3 ,a ,w$d+ 9 a ,texas ,jail4 ,a ,frightful ,night ,ride4 ,a ,unique ,rescue4 ,a ,lyn*+ ,incid5t4 ,nature's ,freaks4 ,a ,valuable ,discov]y4 ,! ,wid[4 ,a ,valu$ ,relic4 ,a ,/range ,case4 ,! ,old ,clock4 ,! ,(fice ,boy4 ,none ( ^! titles repres5ts any def9ite idea1 & 9 ne>ly e case x s]v$ to introduce a /ory :i* 0 equally vague1 ord9>y1 & un9t]e/+4 ,sev]al ( !m1 too--notably ! fir/ f\r--7 n /ories at all1 b 7 simply bits ( description by n>rative1 z _! titles w\ld sugge/4 ,9 g5]al a phrase1 o!rwise indef9ite1 becomes specific :5 unit$ ) ! "n ( a "*1 z 9 ,haw?orne's ,h[e's ,masqu]ade & ,lady ,eleanor's ,mantle2 b su* titles are usually ord9>y & unattractive4 ,"s words frequ5tly f\nd 9 ^! comp\nd titles are s vague 9 mean+ or s worn f use t _! total avoidance is ! only safe c\rse4 ,su* are ,*ri/mas1 ,adv5ture1 ,romance1 ,/ory1 ,vision1 & ,dream4 ,a ,dream or a ,vision is usually ! relation ( "s commonplace incid5t ) absurd adornm5ts2 & an ,adv5ture is m (t5 a piece ( description ?an ( n>ration4 ,i "k t ^! words may be f\nd 9 comb9ation 9 _m happy titles1 b x is be/ t ! novice let !m sev]ely alone4 ,t su* titles are really a s]i\s imp$im5t to ! success ( _! /ories is %[n by ! action ( ! ,*icago ,record4 ,= "s ye>s x 0 ! cu/om ( ! ,record to (f] sub/antial ca% prizes = ! be/ ,*ri/mas /ories writt5 by s*ool *ildr52 & prom95t among ! rules gov]n+ ! competition 0 ! ann\ncem5t t /ories be>+ su* titles z ,johnnie's ,*ri/mas1 ,nellie's ,*ri/mas1 ,m>y's ,*ri/mas1 w\ld n ev5 be read4 ,! foll[+ titles %[ h[ fond is ! novice ( ^! objectionable words 9 _! balde/ comb9ations3 ,s>ah's ,*ri/mas ,pres5t4 ,adv5tures ) a ,be>4 ,nettie's ,romance4 ,lee's ,romance4 ,a ,woman's ,love ,/ory4 ,! ,capta9's ,/ory4 ,a ,true ,/ory4 ,! ,/ory ( a ,vision4 ,! ,dream at ,sea4 ,viola's ,dream4 ,mabel's ,dream4 ,eleanor's ,dream4 ,! title %\ld be attractive because x w be ! te/ ( ! /ory1 & x mu/ be suffici5tly int]e/+ to ar\se at a glance ! curiosity ( ! read]1 & induce 9 him a desire to p]use ! n>rative t x (f]s4 ,commonplac5ess is ! *ief cause ( ! unattractive title1 & t fault is usually traceable to ! plot itself4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be due to a conv5tional expression ( ! dom9ant idea ( ! /ory1 z 9 ! li/ j giv52 & also 9 ! foll[+3 ,h[ ,amy ,won ! ,prize4 ,fr$ ,norton1 ! ,arti/4 ,or x may be unattractive ?r\gh compris+ only ! "n ( ! *ief "*3 ,lucy ,bonneville4 ,le/] ,rice4 ,! use ( a "n = a title is a matt] :i* x is difficult to settle4 ,if ! /ory is dom9at$ by "o "*1 & p>ticul>ly if x is a g5u9e ,"* ,/udy1 ! writ] naturally feels t he _c d bett] ?an to "n x aft] ! "* x depicts2 & he has good au?ority = s do+ 9 ! example ( ,poe 7,b]5ice1 ,el5ora1 ,morella71 ,haw?orne 7,sylph ,e!rege1 ,e?an ,br&1 ,wakefield71 ,irv+ 7,wolf]t ,webb]1 ,rip ,van ,w9kle71 ,james 7,sir ,dom9ic ,f]r&1 ,nona ,v9c5t1 ,greville ,fane71 ,/ev5son 7,olalla1 ,?rawn ,janet1 ,m>kheim71 ,wilk9s 7,l\isa71 ,davis 7,gallegh]1 ,c9d]ella71 ,kipl+ 7,lispe?1 ,namgay ,doola71 etc41 etc4 ,a good rule to obs]ve w\ld be ?is3 ,if ! "n ( ! *ief p]sonage gives a h9t ( "*1 or if x is suffici5tly unusual to attract att5tion1 x may be us$ z a title2 b 9 g5]al x w be /rong] if us$ 9 comb9ation4 ,9 ! endeavor to make 8 title di/9ctive & attractive ! novice is liable to fall into ! error ( mak+ x *eap & s5sational4 ,a title :i* (f5ds aga9/ good ta/e mu/ n be us$1 no matt] h[ desirable x may appe> 9 ! matt] ( attractiv5ess4 ,! newspap] caption writ] :o head$ an acc\nt ( a hang+ ,j]k$ to ,jesus6 atta9$ ! acme ( attractiv5ess1 b he also committ$ an unp>donable s9 aga9/ good ta/e4 ,! %ort /ory writ] seldom desc5ds to su* dep?s ( s5sationalism3 8 *ief (f5se consi/s 9 ! use ( d\ble titles1 connect$ by ! ^w or4 ,(t5 ei!r title alone w\ld be passable1 if n really good2 b _! unit$ =m mu/ be plac$ 9 ! category ( bad titles4 ,su* titles are rat$ z bad *iefly ?r\gh ! effects ( association4 ,x us$ to be common = a /ory to be> a d\ble title2 b to-day ! cu/om has be5 relegat$ to ! *eap1 s5sational tale ( ! p5ny dreadful ord]1 & ! conjunctive title is a recogniz$ m>k ( yell[ lit]ature4 ,?is fault 9 a title c usually be correct$ by ! use ( ei!r ( ! titles alone1 z may be se5 f a /udy ( ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! ,/ory ( ,dora2 or1 ,innoc5ce ,triumphant4 7#b7 ,jessie ,r$mond2 or1 ,! ,spid] & ! ,fly4 7#c7 ,outwitt$2 or1 ,! ,holdup ( ,no4 #d4 7#d7 ,! ,battle ( ! ,black ,cats2 or1 ,a ,trag$y ,play$ ) ,tw5ty ,?\s& ,actors & ,only ,"o ,spectator4 7#e7 ,fate2 or1 ,leg5d ( ',say ,au ,revoir1 b n ,goodbye4' 7#f7 ,! ,romance ( a ,lo/ ,m9e2 or1 ,! ,curse ( ! ,navajos4 7#g7 ,a ,little ,bun* ( ,rosebuds2 or1 ,two ,normal ,graduates4 7#h7 ,h] ,silk ,quilt2 or1 ,on ! ,cre/ ( ! ,wave4 7#a7 ,nei!r "p is p>ticul>ly happy4 ,! ,/ory ( ,dora is too g5]al1 & conveys an idea ( l>g5ess & "t t is bett] suit$ to ! novel ?an to ! %ort /ory2 ,innoc5ce ,triumphant is *eap1 s5sational & trite4 7#b7 ,jessie ,r$mond is too commonplace a "n to be a good head l9e2 ,! ,spid] & ! ,fly 0 worn out ye>s ago4 7#c7 ,ei!r title alone is good2 ,! ,holdup ( ,no4 #d is pref]able because ( its def9it5ess4 7#d7 ,! ,battle ( ! ,black ,cats alone w\ld pass1 9 spite ( its h9t ( s5sationalism2 b ! second "p is ( c\rse ludicr\sly impossible4 7#e7 ,fate is too indef9ite2 ! second title is *eap & old4 7#f7 ,ei!r w\ld d1 ?\gh ! fir/ is some:at vague1 & ,curse savors ( s5sationalism4 7#g7 ,ei!r w\ld d1 ?\gh ! fir/ s\nds r silly4 7#h7 ,! fir/ is good2 ! second is vague & r old4 ,t a title %\ld be new is s obvi\s t (f5ses aga9/ ?is rule are usually unconsci\s2 yet 9 "s cases /ories h be5 capp$ ) /ol5 head+s1 :]e ! !ft 0 s app>5tly int5tional t x seem$ z if ! writ] wi%$ to fail4 ,lapses 9 ?is reg>d are usually due to ! writ]'s ignorance ( ! value ( a title2 or to ! too ready use ( ! ab/ract !me1 z m5tion$ be=e4 ,( su* titles are ,all's ,well t ,ends ,well1 ,love's ,labor ,lo/1 & ,! ,irony ( ,fate1 all ( :i* are great favorites ) ! beg9n]4 ,l *>ity1 !y w cov] a multitude ( s9s1 b !y con/itute s great a lit]>y s9 9 !mselves t !y %\ld be rigor\sly es*ew$4 ,to ?is class belongs also su* a title z ,cuba ,libre6 :i* is s v old1 & :i* dur+ ! la/ few ye>s has be5 s twi/$ & mi%&l$ 9 e conceivable way t its m]e use is an irritation4 ,su* a title w frequ5tly be apt1 specific1 attractive1 &1 9 application1 new2 b x w s exasp]ate ! read] t its use w be p]il\s4 ,= self-evid5t reasons ! title %\ld be %ort4 ,aptness & specificness d n require an epitome ( ! /ory2 & a title l ,:y ,tom ,*ang$ ,8 ,op9ion ( ,me1 or ,:at ! ,rabbit ,drive ,did = ,me is prosy z well z long4 ,x us$ to be ! cu/om to make ! title ( a writ+ a regul> synopsis ( ! matt] conta9$ !re92 b mod]n read]s object to be+ told 9 advance exactly :at is to happ54 ,no rul+ conc]n+ ! prop] l5g? ( a %ort /ory title is possible2 b g5]ally speak+1 ! %ort] ! title ! bett] x is4 ,comp\nd titles connect$ by or1 l ^? previ\sly m5tion$1 are z (f5sive 9 _! l5g? z 9 _! s5sationalism4 ,to illu/rate fur!r ^! sev]al po9ts ,i introduce "h a few good titles us$ by successful %ort /ory writ]s4 ,!y are r\ghly divid$ into ?ree classes accord+ to _! d]ivation4 ,! title may be ! text ( ! /ory3 ,edgewor?3 ,murad ! ,unlucky4 ,haw?orne3 ,! ,w$d+ ,knell2 ,! ,prophetic ,pictures4 ,james3 ,! ,real ,?+2 ,! ,lesson ( ! ,ma/]4 ,poe3 ,! ,masque ( ! ,r$ ,dea?2 ',?\ ,art ! ,man6' ,/ockton3 ,! ,transf]r$ ,gho/4 ,wilk9s3 ,! ,revolt ( ,"m2 ,two ,old ,lov]s4 ,! title may repres5t ! pr9cipal "* by "n or by "s apt appellation3 ,davis3 ,gallegh]4 ,haw?orne3 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/2 ,fea!rtop4 ,irv+3 ,! ,spectre ,bridegroom2 ,rip ,van ,w9kle4 ,poe3 ,morella2 ,ligeia4 ,/ev5son3 ,m>kheim4 ,wilk9s3 ,a ,mod]n ,dragon2 ,a ,kit*5 ,colonel4 ,! title may m5tion ! pr9cipal object3 ,adee3 ,! ,life ,magnet4 ,burnett3 ,! ,spid]'s ,eye4 ,haw?orne3 ,! ,great ,/one ,face2 ,! ,great ,c>buncle4 ,james3 ,! ,asp]n ,pap]s4 ,kipl+3 ,! ,phantom ,rick%aw4 ,poe3 ,! ,black ,cat2 ,! ,gold ,bug4 ,/ev5son3 ,! ,bottle ,imp4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ah3 ,lit]>y ,*at4 ,munsey's ,magaz9e4 ,may1 '#ih4 ,footnote #ai3 ,mislead+ ,titles ( ,books1 by ,william ,ma!ws4 ,! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,apr4 #ba1 #aijj4 ,v ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,facts ,all fiction is f\nd$ ^u fact1 = ! bolde/ imag9ation mu/ h "s def9ite po9t f :i* to take its flight2 b ! ung>ni%$ tru? is seldom lit]ature 9 itself1 ?\gh x may (f] excell5t mat]ial = lit]>y embelli%m5t4 ,! amateur1 cont5t ) kn[+ t he is rec\nt+ :at did actually happ51 falls into ! mo/ in>ti/ic ways1 because he does n und]/& t facts are prop]ly only crude mat]ial = ! fictioni/4 ,! "o place :]e ! av]age %ort /ory writ] %\ld n seek 8 mat]ial is ! _w ( lit]ature4 ,almo/ f ! "t :5 m5 fir/ began to dabble 9 lett]s !y h drawn on _! pr$ecessors = _! subject matt]2 b ?is practice has produc$ a deal ( unconsci\s plagi>ism1 :i* is responsible = mo/ ( ! conv5tional & /]eotyp$ /ories ) :i* we are afflict$ to-day4 ,( any "o hundr$ av]age /ories submitt$ = sale1 probably sev5ty-five are damn$ by _! hopelessly hackney$ conception & treatm5t2 & !y suff] because ! writ]1 read+ "s attractive /ory built ^u a simil> plot1 has attempt$ to g & d likewise1 & has unconsci\sly us$ all ! conv5tional p>ts :ile omitt+ ! ess5tial individuality4 ,x is safe = ! novice to g only to ! _w = lit]>y mat]ial4 ,! matt] s obta9$ w be intr9sically ! same z t ga9$ f ! writ+s ( o!rs1 b ! fact t y get y\r in=mation ?r\gh y\r own s5ses w consid]ably obviate ! dang] ( adopt+ ! conv5tional view 9 ! matt]4 ,i d n mean to say t y %\ld delib]ately set out to se>* = new types & incid5ts z ,dick5s did1 ?\gh ,i w\ld c]ta9ly comm5d su* a c\rse2 ,i mean r t y %\ld be cont5t to write ( :at y p]sonally & intimately "k1 & n attempt to treat ( matt]s ( :i* y h only a vague sup]ficial k1 or ( :i* y are totally ignorant4 ,excell5t /ories h be5 writt5 by m5 :o 7 p]sonally unacqua9t$ ) ! matt]s ) :i* !y dealt1 b !y 7 9 e case ma/]s ( _! art1 :o knew h[ to ga9 & use second-h& in=mation & h[ to supplem5t insuffici5t data ) lit]>y skill4 ,too _m novices h ! mi/ak5 idea t only ^? ?+s :i* are dim & di/ant are fit = arti/ic treatm5t4 ,!y h n cultivat$ _! p[]s ( p]ception1 & h fail$ to grasp ! tru? t human nature is 9 mo/ respects ! same ! _w ov]1 & t p]sons & places1 app>5tly ! mo/ ord9>y1 h /ories to tell4 ,be=e ,m>y ,e4 ,wilk9s began to write h] ,new ,engl& tales few ?\ght to look to ^? bleak hills & commonplace p = lit]>y mat]ial2 & d\btless _m ,new ,engl&]s1 feel+ ! impulse to write1 view$ ) scorn _! unpoetic surr\nd+s & long$ = ! glam\r ( "s half-guess$ clime2 ,miss ,wilk9s1 appreciat+ h] environm5t1 won fame & =tune ?r\gh h] tru?ful depictions ( ^? ?+s :i* o!rs1 equally able to write b less able to see1 _h despis$4 ,x is a common trick ( aspir+ writ]s to locate _! /ories 9 ,engl&1 to speak pr\dly b unc]ta9ly ( gr& e/ates1 noble ca/les1 & haughty lords & ladies1 & to make mi/akes :i* w\ld be ridicul\s 7 !y n s inexcusable4 ,!re is a c]ta9 half-feudal glam\r ab\t ,engl& yet :i* appeals /rongly to ! call[ au?or3 x l5ds t rosy haze ( romance & unreality :i* is popul>ly associat$ ) fiction2 b x 0 long ago done to dea? by m$iocre writ]s & laugh$ out ( good lit]>y society1 & to-day ,am]ica w n suff] any su* hackney$ fol-de-rol4 ,simil>ly ! amateur w locate 8 /ory 9 ! be/ society ( "s ,am]ican metropolis1 :5 he has nev] be5 out ( 8 native village1 & kn[s no?+ ( ! class ) :i* he deals except ?r\gh ! society column ( 8 newspap]4 ,!re=e he w ( c\rse fall flat :5 he attempts to del9eate mann]s4 ,x is too evid5t t he has n _h ! entree to ! circle he w\ld describe3 8 g5tlem5 commit too _m blund]s1 8 ladies are f ! wrong side ( ! t[n1 ! love-passages are silly & vulg>1 ! :ole result is /upid & (f5sive--to ^? :o "k4 ,! ?+ hopelessly lacks tone2 x might pass bel[ /airs1 b n 9 ! draw+-room4#bj ,x is n only ^? ( weal? & leisure :o are eligible = lit]>y purposes2 inde$1 _! lives1 app>5tly s gay & excit+1 are (t5 a dull & regul> s]ies ( attempts to kill ! dawdl+ "t4 ,if ! "y writ] w\ld look into ! lives ( 8 own simple neighbors he w\ld f9d mu* bett] matt] = 8 int5d$ /ories4 ,aga91 ! novice1 9 8 se>* = some?+ diff]5t1 w place 8 tale 9 ! dim & di/ant pa/1 :5 all m5 7 brave & all wom5 lovely2 & 9 s do+ w expose himself to ridicule & contempt = 8 evid5t ignorance ( ! matt]s ( :i* he pret5ds to treat4 ,x is v probable t any age seems dull & commonplace to ^? :o live 9 x1 = famili>ity bre$s contempt = almo/ any?+2 b ?\gh we ( to-day h no valiant knights1 arm$ cap-a-pie1 rid+ =? to ! j\/s to d battle = _! ladies fair1 we h m5 j z brave & de$s fully z valor\s & f> m s5sible2 & ! _w is1 & always w be1 full ( noble & romantic & m>vel\s ?+s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y feel t y mu/ write ( times & sc5es & peoples :i* are ei!r pa/ or =eign1 x is y\r fir/ duty to in=m y\rself to ! be/ ( y\r ability conc]n+ !m4 ,i d n believe t any writ] c successfully locate 8 /ory 9 a =eign c\ntry unless he has p]sonal k ( ! sc5es & p]sons t he describes1 or unless he is ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ! language & lit]ature ( ! c\ntry--& 9 ! latt] case he w\ld probably be too p$antic to write readable /ories4 ,at fir/ ?\ght x does n seem s difficult to h&le ,engli% subjects1 = !re we h ! advantage ( a common language &1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ( common racial traits2 b ev5 t common language1 z spok5 on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic1 has an e-day vocabul>y diff]+ f ours1 & ! ,engli% gov]nm5t & social sy/em pres5t difficulties almo/ insurm\ntable to "o :o _c /udy !m face to face4 ,9 deal+ ) !mes ( ! pa/ !re is m opportunity4 ,!re we are all on ! common gr\nd ( an absolute dep5d5ce on su* books z may pres]ve = u pictures ( ^? times1 & complete in=mation--complete1 at lea/1 9 ! s5se t no "o kn[s m--c be _h at ! price ( a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs ( pa9/ak+ /udy4 ,if1 !n1 y desire to write ( ! days t are gone1 see to x t y fir/ ?or\ghly acqua9t y\rself ) ! hi/ory ( ^? times4 ,!re are few t[ns too small to possess a libr>y1 & few libr>ies too small to conta9 su* hi/orical books z y may ne$4 ,9 ^! days :5 all ?+s come to ,mohamet1 ! writ] may ga9 a valuable ?\gh imp]sonal insight into ! _w at l>ge ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! public press4 ,! newspap]s ( to-day are full ( incipi5t plots1 ne$+ only ! skillful p5 to make !m lit]ature4 ,report]s g ev]y:]e & see ev]y?+1 & !y place ! result ( _! multif>i\s labors 9 y\r h&s e morn+4 ,!y rec\nt actual happ5+s accurately en\gh = lit]>y purposes1 !y /ra9 = ! unusual side ( ?+s1 & _! purpose is too diff]5t f y\rs to make y liable to ! *>ge ( plagi>ism if y rework _! mat]ial4 ,! receptive p]usal ( any newspap] ought to furni% ! read] ) a fre% /ock ( lit]>y mat]ial4 ,su* matt] is p>ticul>ly valuable to ! %ort /ory writ] because ( ! pres5t & ev] increas+ dem& = /ories ( ! day1 plots1 *>act]s1 situations1 & local color = :i* may be cull$ f any newspap]4 ,b %ort /ory writ+ is an art1 & all facts may n be capable ( lit]>y treatm5t4 ,ev5 actual occurr5ces may be improp] subjects = fiction4 ,nature c take lib]ties ) facts t art d>e n--a tru? t has pass$ into a prov]b4444 ,art may fill u ) ang]1 fe>1 t]ror1 awe1 b ! mom5t x condesc5ds to excite disgu/1 x passes out ( ! realm ( art4#ba ,!re seems no reason :y ! arti/ %\ld n *oose any subject1 if ! production itself contributes to ! satisfaction ( ! _w1 mak+ a picture ( life1 or ( a phase ( life1 9 compliance ) ! dem&s ( art1 beauty1 & tru?4 ,ta/e is ! arbit] ( ! subject1 = ta/e is always moral1 always on ! side ( ! angels4 ,!re are c]ta9 ?+s :i* are only subjects = te*nical re=m1 = ! sanit>y inspector1 & = ! physician--n = ! noveli/4#bb ,! c>nage ( a battle-field1 ! wreck$ caf or !atre aft] dynamite has done its "w1 _h be/ be h&l$ sp>+ly4444 ,a good _m ?+s t happ5 on ?is planet are n good subjects = art3 ! pa!tic 7)9 limits7 is always 9 ord]1 b n ! %ock+4 ,moral are worse ?an physical horrors4#bc ,ev5 g5ius may wa/e itself on an unmanageable !me2 x _c make ! clean+ ( fi% int]e/+1 nor ! slums ( ,new ,york or ,p>is attractive4#bd ,x is r>e inde$ t a fact c be us$ )\t embelli%m5t4 ,m]e facts are frequ5tly mo/ unlit]>y1 ?\gh !y may be susceptible ( a high lit]>y poli%4 ,! sub-title ,a ,true ,/ory1 :i* "y writ]s ?9k s valuable a "p ( ! tale1 is too (t5 ! tradem>k ( an unreadable mess ( conv5tional p1 ord9>y incid5ts & commonplace conv]sation4 ,we f9d few g5u9ely true /ories1 & :5 we d f9d !m we seldom c>e to read !m ?r\gh4 ,i h read _m /ories :i* ,i knew to be lit]ally true1 because !y conta9$ s mu* ( ! hackney$ & ! irrelevant4 ,life itself is a v conv5tional affair2 x ab\nds ) dull ev5ts & /upid p2 & = t reason alone fiction w\ld dem& some?+ out ( ! common4 ,commonplace p]sons & commonplace ?+s d appe> 9 lit]ature1 b !y mu/ h some?+ m ?an _! commonplac5ess to recomm5d !m4 ,! novice 9 /ory tell+ 444 has he>d t tru? is /rang] ?an fiction1 & supposes t ! m tru? he c get into 8 tale ! /rong] & m effective x w be4444 ,tru?1 i4 e41 reality1 is v seldom /range2 x is usually tame & flat & commonplace2 & :5 x is /range x is apt to be grotesque & repulsive4 ,mo/ ( ! exp]i5ces ( daily life af=d mat]ial only = a *ronicle ( dulness2 & mo/ ( ! '/range' or unusual happ5+s _h bett] be left to ! newspap] & ! records ( ! police c\rts4 ,?is /atem5t may be /r5g!n$4 ,does n ! able report] select & decorate 8 facts1 suppress+ "s1 emphasiz+ o!rs1 arrang+ 8 '/ory' ) ref]5ce to picturesqu5ess & effect8 ,9 o!r words1 v]isimilitude1 n v]ity1 is want$ 9 fiction4 ,! obs]v] notes 8 facts1 & !n ! arti/ seizes on ! ideas beh9d !m1 ! types !y repres5t1 ! spiritual sub/ances !y embody4 ,! result1 :5 all goes well1 is z lifelike z life itself1 ?\gh x is n a copy ( any?+ 79 detail7 t really lives4444 ,! budd+ writ] ( fictiti\s tales mu/ be famili> ) facts1 at lea/ 9 8 own range3 he mu/ "k life & nature1 or 8 "w is naught4 ,b :5 he has ?is k1 he mu/ put ! facts 9 ! backgr\nd ( 8 m9d4444 ,real incid5ts1 dragg$ aga9/ _! w into an 7alleg$7 imag9>y n>rative1 are apt by no means to improve x1 b to s\nd z 'flat & untunable' z our own praises f our own m\?s4#be ,!re mu/ be no misconception ab\t great fiction be+ a transcript ( life4 ,m]e transcription is n ! "w ( an arti/1 else we %\ld h no ne$ ( pa9t]s1 = photograph]s w\ld d2 no poems1 = academical essays w\ld d2 no great works ( fiction1 = we h our usual s\rces ( in=mation--if in=mation is all we want--! ,divorce ,c\rt1 ! ,police ,c\rt1 ! ,/ock ,ex*ange1 ! ,"y ,ladies' ,sem9>y1 ! ,m>riage ,regi/]1 & ! ,h\se ( ,p>liam5t--^? happy hunt+-gr\nds ( s5sation-mong]s & purveyors ( melodrama4 ,all ^! ?+s c]ta9ly conta9 ! facts ( life :i* "o mu/ "k = ! con/ructive "w ( ! imag9ation1 = !y are ! r\gh mat]ial1 ! backgr\nd ( k f :i* ! illusion ( real life mu/ proce$4 ,b !y are n life1 ?\gh !y are ! transcription ( life4 ,! human significance ( facts is all t conc]ns "o4 ,! inw>dness ( facts makes fiction2 ! hi/ory ( life1 its emotions1 its passions1 its s9s1 reflections1 values4 ,^! y _c photograph nor transcribe4 ,selection & rejection are two pr(\nd ess5tials ( e art1 ev5 ( ! art ( fiction1 ?\gh x be s jauntily practis$ by ! amateur4#bf ,& ev5 if ! facts :i* y purpose to use are ( und\bt$ value = arti/ic treatm5t1 !re may be o!r reasons :i* make _! use que/ionable4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 p d n really pref] tru? to fiction4 ,!y require plausibility1 b !y are all too famili> ) life !mselves1 & 9 ! idle h\rs 9 :i* !y turn to fiction !y desire to be lift$ out ( reality into ! high] realm ( fancy4 ,nor w !y1 ev5 9 ! =m ( fiction1 tol]ate :at seems l too gross an invasion ( ! privacy ( ! home1 or ! sanctity ( ! s\l ( a man4 ,!y mu/ always feel vaguely t ! suff]+ *>act]s are really only puppets creat$ = _! amusem5t1 or _! pity = ! *>act]s w develop into ang] & disgu/ = ! au?or4 ,9 us+ facts1 !n1 ! fir/ ?+ to le>n is :at to suppress & :at to elaborate1 & t involves t mo/ necess>y possession ( ! /ory tell]1 a s5se ( proportion4 ,because a conv]sation ab\t ! wea!r occupies two dull p = t5 m9utes is no reason t x %\ld receive an equal numb] ( pages2 & because an important ev5t is almo/ in/antane\s is no excuse = pass+ x ) a s+le l9e4 ,aga91 ! fact t y are relat+ :at actually occurr$ does n relieve y ( ! necessity ( mak+ x plausible4 ,pa9t]s ackn[l$ge t !re are color comb9ations 9 nature :i* !y d>e n reproduce1 le/ !y be dubb$ unnatural2 & simil>ly ?+s exi/ :i* ! writ] may pres5t only aft] he has mo/ c>efully prep>$ ! way = _! cr$5ce4 ,! tru? is t we h decl>$ t ev5 nature %all con=m to c]ta9 conv5tions1 & we reject z impossible any deviations f our preconceiv$ ideas4 ,! facts ^u :i* ,haw?orne built ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ are ^!3--,! ,:ite ,hills ( :i* he speaks 7 #a7 are ! fam\s ,:ite ,m\nta9s ( ,new ,hamp%ire2 ! ,not* 7 #a7 is ! real "n ( a real m\nta9 pass1 :i* is j z he describes x2 ! ,flume 7 #bb7 is a wat]fall n f> f ! ,not*2 ! valley ( ! ,saco 7 #a7 is really :]e he places x4 ,! ref]5ces to ,portl& 7 #c71 ,b>tlett 7 #e71 ,burl+ton 7 #g71 ,be?lehem & ,littleton 7 #ah7 are all ref]5ces to real places 9 ! vic9ity4 ,at ! po9t :]e ,haw?orne locates 8 /ory !re actually 0 a m\nta9 tav]n call$ ! ,willey ,h\se1 & a mod]n inn /&s on ! spot to-day4 ,conc]n+ ! cata/rophe :i* he describes ,i f\nd ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,"s "t 9 ,june--be=e ! great 'slide' 9 ,augu/1 #ahbf--!re came a great /orm1 & ! old vet]an1 ,abel ,craw=d1 com+ d[n ! ,not*1 notic$ ! trees slipp+ d[n1 /&+ upright1 &1 z he 0 pass+ ,mr4 ,willey's he call$ & in=m$ him ( ! wond]ful fact4 ,imm$iately1 9 a less expos$ place1 ,mr4 ,willey prep>$ a %elt] to :i* to flee 9 case ( imm$iate dang]2 & 9 ! night ( ,augu/ #bh?1 t ye>1 he 01 ) 8 family1 awak5$ by ! ?und]+ cra% ( ! com+ avalan*e4 ,attempt+ to escape1 t family1 n9e 9 numb]1 ru%$ f ! h\se & 7 ov]tak5 & buri$ alive "u a va/ pile ( rocks1 e>?1 trees & wat]4 ,by a rem>kable circum/ance ! h\se rema9$ un9jur$1 z ! slide divid$ ab\t f\r rods back ( ! h\se 7aga9/ a high flat rock71 & came d[n on ei!r side ) ov]:elm+ p[]4#bg ,! book goes on to /ate fur!r t ! family consi/$ ( ! fa!r & "m1 five *ildr5--! elde/ a girl ( ?irte5--& two hir$ m54 ,! bodies ( ! p>5ts1 ! olde/ & y\nge/ *ildr51 & ! two hir$ m5 7 f\nd4 ,x is probable t ,haw?orne d]iv$ 8 in=mation f ! newspap]s1 ?\gh he may h he>d ! /ory by ^w ( m\?1 = !re is little d\bt t he actually visit$ ! spot :]e ! cata/rophe occurr$4 ,b ! bald facts ( ! case1 h[ev] ga9$1 are ess5tially z we h !m "h1 & t is suffici5t = our purpose4 ,9 writ+ 8 /ory ,haw?orne took sev]al lib]ties ) ! facts4 ,he made no *ange 9 ! location because ev5 he c\ld n improve ^u ! sc5e = su* a /ory4 ,he *ang$ ! mon? f ,augu/ to ,septemb] 7 #a7 to make plausible1 p]haps1 ! ra9 necess>y = su* a slide1 & to make seasonable ! bitt] w9d :i* he introduces4 ,he omitt$ all names to add to ! air ( unsolv$ my/]y t haunts ! /ory4 ,he introduc$ ! gue/ 7 #d7 & ! gr&mo!r 7 #a71 increas$ ! age ( ! daught] 7 #a71 reta9$ ! p>5ts & y\ng] *ildr5 7 #a7 & omitt$ ! hir$ m5 to suit ! requirem5ts ( 8 /ory4 ,he omitt$ ! w>n+ b reta9$ ! e/abli%m5t ( a place ( refuge 7 #i7 to height5 ! climax4 ,he us$ ! flight f ! h\se 7 #db7 because x j suit$ 8 purpose4 ,he reta9$ ! /range pres]vation ( ! h\se 7 #db7 to increase ! air ( my/]y1 & to int5sify ! trag$y by mak+ x appe> 9 a mann] unnecess>y4 ,he suppress$ ! f9d+ ( any ( ! bodies 7 #db7 to aid ! plausibility ( 8 n>rative1 & to increase ! pa?os ( ! gue/'s dea?4 ,comp>e c>efully ! acc\nt giv5 by ,spauld+ & ! /ory ( ,haw?orne1 = y h "h an excell5t illu/ration ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! commonplace recital ( facts & _! trans=mation into a "w ( art4 ,spauld+'s relation is a true /ory1 b ,haw?orne's is lit]ature4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bj3 ,bad ,/ory-,tell+1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,oct41 '#ig4 ,footnote #ba3 ,rudim5t>y ,sugge/ions = ,beg9n]s 9 ,/ory ,writ+1 by ,e4 ,f4 ,&rews4 ,cosmopolitan4 ,feb41 '#ig4 ,footnote #bb3 ,! ,art ( ,fiction4 ,a lecture by ,gilb]t ,p>k]4 ,! ,critic4 ,dec41 '#ih4 ,footnote #bc3 ,magaz9e ,fiction & ,h[ ,n to ,write ,x1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,nov41 '#id4 ,footnote #bd3 ,bad ,/ory-,tell+1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's1 ,oct41 '#ig4 ,footnote #be3 ,fact 9 ,fiction1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's1 ,july1 '#ie4 ,footnote #bf3 ,! ,art ( ,fiction4 ,a lecture by ,gilb]t ,p>k]4 ,! ,critic4 ,dec41 '#ih4 ,footnote #bg3 ,hi/orical ,relics ( ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 by ,john ,h4 ,spauld+4 7,bo/on1 #ahee47 ,de/ruction ( ! ,willey ,family1 page #eh4 ,,vi ,,! ,,*>act]s ,x is ! trite/ sort ( a truism to say t ! *>act]s 9 a /ory are important1 = /ories are /ories only 9 s f> z !y reflect life1 & life is impossible )\t human actors4 ,x is ! hopes & fe>s1 ! joys & sorr[s1 ! s9s & moral victories ( m5 t int]e/ u4 ,we m5 are a conceit$ lot1 & f9d no?+ ( int]e/ except z x relates to u4 ,?us 9 ! mo/ +5i\s /ories1 :]e "s m>vel\s inv5tion or discov]y is introduc$1 ! int]e/ c5t]s1 n 9 ! wondr\s ?+s !mselves1 b 9 _! influ5ce on ! p ( ! /ory2 & 9 ! few /ories :]e a bea/ or a ?+ plays ! h]o1 x is always giv5 human attributes4 ,fictiti\s *>act]s1 l ! plots t !y develop1 are bas$ prim>ily on fact1 & !y fur!r resemble ! plots 9 be+ diff]5t phases ( a primal idea1 r ?an intr9sically div]se4 ,we f9d _m *>act]s 9 fiction--,miss ,wilk9s' /ories are full ( !m--:i* are evid5tly meant to be reali/ic1 & :i* impress u z ^w photographs ( exi/+ p]sons2 yet x is improbable t !y are exact reproductions4 ,a real p]son ord9>ily has too mu* ( ! commonplace & conv5tional ab\t him to s]ve 9 fiction1 :]e--despite ! app>5t p>adox--a "* mu/ be exagg]at$ to appe> natural4 ,a p]son 9 fiction is at ! be/ b a blur ( hi]oglyphics on a %eet ( pap]1 & c be compreh5d$ only ?r\gh ! m5tality ( ! au?or2 !re=e 8 description1 8 actions1 8 words1 8 v ?\ghts mu/ be made s unnaturally /rik+ t ?r\gh ! s5se ( sight alone !y w /imulate ! imag9ation & produce ! effect :i* actual contact ) ! real p]son w\ld induce4 ,! "* :i* seems mo/ real is usually a composite ( ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( sev]al real p]sons4 ,to ?is s\rce ( fictiti\s *>act]s is due ! fact t a lit]>y puppet is (t5 ?\ght to be ! reproduction ( sev]al v diff]5t real p]sons2 = ! read]1 recogniz+ a p>ticul> trait :i* is *>act]i/ic ( "s "o ( 8 acqua9tance1 ?9ks t he recognizes ! "*4 ,:ile ! popul> idea t e creature ( ! noveli/'s imag9ation has a def9ite orig9al some:]e among 8 acqua9tances is1 ( c\rse1 egregi\sly false1 x has yet ?is mu* ( tru?1 t !y are1 to a l>ge ext5t1 sugge/ions f life4 ,n "o p]son1 b half a doz51 (t5 sit z models = ! same picture1 :ile ! details are fill$ out by ! writ]'s imag9ation4 ,!re are few p 9 real life suffici5tly int]e/+ or uncommonplace to suit ! noveli/'s purpose1 b he mu/ idealize or int5sify !m be=e !y are fit subjects = art4 ,dick5s int5sifi$ to ! v]ge ( ! impossible1 yet we nev] feel t ,dick ,swivell] & ,sam ,well] & ,mr4 ,micawb]1 & ! re/ ( !m1 are unnatural2 !y are only1 if ,i may co9 ! ^w1 'hyp]natural4' ,x is ! bus9ess ( art to idealize4 ,ev5 at its be/ art is s inf]ior to nature1 t 9 ord] to produce ! same impression x has to int5sify its effects2 to deep5 ! colors1 height5 ! contra/s1 omit an object "h1 exagg]ate an outl9e !re1 & s on1 until x has produc$ ! prop] picturesque effect4#bh ,a c>eful description ( ! appe>ance ( ! *>act]s may be necess>y to ! und]/&+ ( ! /ory1 z 9 ,irv+'s p]fect picture ( ,i*abod ,crane 9 ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[2 b 9 our model ! p are r typical ?an individual1 & ,haw?orne devotes b little space to _! ext]nal *>act]i/ics4 ,a ^w or a phrase suffices to tell u all t is necess>y to enable our m9ds to body !m =?4 ,ev5 ! h]o is outw>dly di/+ui%$ only by a melan*oly expression--a slight ( :i* no s*ool-girl au?oress w\ld h be5 guilty4 ,x is m (t5 necess>y to give ! m5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! puppets1 & 9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ we h a deal ( su* detail conc]n+ ! "y /rang]2 b "h1 too1 y mu/ ex]cise =be>ance1 z ,haw?orne did 9 8 p>tial analysis ( ! o!r *>act]s4 ,x is by no means ess5tial t ! p]sonages ( a %ort /ory be attractive 9 p]son or 9 "*4 ,! ta/e ( read]s us$ to be s artificial t no romanc] w\ld h d>$ to pres5t a h]o9e :o 0 n p]fect 9 face & figure1 or a h]o :o 0 n an ,apollo = manly beauty2 b 9 ^! m practical days we h sub/itut$ good de$s = good looks & h made our *>act]s m human--our m5 m manly & our wom5 m womanly2 & we exalt !m n[ = h]oic acts1 r ?an h]oic m\ld4 ,a mi/ake :i* x seems h>d = ! novice to avoid is t ( tell+ ev]y?+ possible ab\t a "* & leav+ no?+ to ! imag9ation ( ! read]4 ,?is exhau/ive me?od leads to a multiplicity ( detail :i* v]ges on baldness1 & :i* is v apt to conta9 consid]able irrelevant matt]2 ! details are usually arrang$ ) little reg>d = _! true value2 & ! int5d$ description becomes a m]e catalogue ( p]sonal *>ms4 ,= example1 9 ^! ?ree descriptions1 detail$ ?\gh !y are1 !re is no?+ to di/+ui% ! p>ticul> p]son describ$ f ! scores ( o!r p possess+ ! same g5]al traits3 ,he 0 a tall1 deep-*e/$1 broad-%\ld]$ man1 hav+ a light complexion1 d>k m\/a*e1 hair & eyes4 ,we w take a look at our h]o9e1 z %e sits lazily rock+1 ! sun%9e t\*+ h] hair4 ,%e is ( m$ium height1 ) black hair & eyes & a w9n+ smile t makes fri5ds = h] ev]y:]e4 ,lura 0 yet b a slight s*ool girl2 %e 0 n[ fifte5 & equally z l>ge z ,grace4 ,%e look$ v beautiful z %e came out to meet ,grace & ,mrs4 ,morton1 on _! return f ! village4 ,h] d>k br[n hair _h be5 c>efully comb$ back1 b ! %ort locks _h fall5 & =m$ 9 r+lets ab\t ! sn[y neck & face4 ,h] l>ge gray eyes 7 bright4 ,h] full curv$ lips 7 r$1 & 9 laugh+ & talk+ reveal$ two r[s ( small1 ev51 pe>ly :ite tee?4 ,h] *eeks 7 r\nd & well =m$2 al?\gh at ! pres5t "t !y bore no m>ks ( roses1 !y 7 g5]ally rosy4 ,! gray eyes1 by ! *ang+ ( ! expression1 (t5 became almo/ black & greatly complet$ h] beauty4 ,clev] "* depiction consi/s 9 select+ & pres5t+ only ^? sali5t details :i* w s]ve to body =? r a vague image1 :i* %all yet possess a def9ite p]sonality1 to :i* ! read] may give su* di/9ctness z 8 imag9ation may imp>t to ! h9ts (f]$4 ,x is 9 a mann] build+ a complete "* ^u a s+le *>act]i/ic1 aft] ! famili> me?od ( ,dick5s4 ,x is ?is impressioni/ic me?od :i* is mo/ us$ by ma/]s to picture ^? *>act]s :i* seem to u real p]sons4 ,9 ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[1 ,irv+ ?us describes ! h]o 7871 ,i*abod ,crane1 & ! h]o9e1 ,katr9a ,van ,tassel3 ,! cognom5 ( ,crane 0 n inapplicable to 8 p]son4 ,he 0 tall1 b exce$+ly lank1 ) n>r[ %\ld]s1 long arms & legs1 h&s t dangl$ a mile out ( 8 sleeves1 feet t might h s]v$ = %ovels1 & 8 :ole frame mo/ loosely hung toge!r4 ,8 head 0 small1 & flat at ! top1 ) huge e>s1 l>ge gre5 glassy eyes1 & a long snipe nose1 s t x look$ l a wea!r-cock1 p]*$ ^u 8 sp9dle neck1 to tell :i* way ! w9d blew4 ,to see him /rid+ along ! pr(ile ( a hill on a w9dy day1 ) 8 clo!s bagg+ & flutt]+ ab\t him1 "o might h mi/ak5 him = ! g5ius ( fam9e desc5d+ ^u ! e>?1 or "s sc>ecr[ elop$ f a cornfield4 ,%e 0 a bloom+ lass ( fre% eighte51 plump z a p>tridge1 ripe & melt+ & rosy-*eek$ z "o ( h] fa!r's pea*es1 & univ]sally fam$1 n m]ely = h] beauty1 b h] va/ expectations4 ,%e 0 )al a little ( a coquette1 z might be p]ceiv$ ev5 9 h] dress1 :i* 0 a mixture ( anci5t & =eign fa%ions1 z mo/ suit$ to set (f h] *>ms4 ,%e wore ! ornam5ts ( pure yell[ gold :i* h] great-great-gr&mo!r _h br\ght ov] f ,sa>dam1 ! tempt+ /oma*] ( ! old5 "t1 & )al a provok+ly %ort petticoat to display ! prettie/ foot & ankle 9 ! c\ntry r\nd4 ,"h are ,haw?orne's pictures ( ,beatrice & h] fa!r 9 ,rappacc9i's ,daught]3 ,on aga9 behold+ ,beatrice ! "y man 0 ev5 />tl$ to p]ceive h[ mu* h] beauty exce$$ 8 recollection ( x--s brilliant1 s vivid 9 its "*1 t %e gl[$ amid ! sunlight1 &1 z ,giovanni :isp]$ to himself1 positively illum9at$ ! m %ad[y int]vals ( ! g>d5 pa?4 ,h] face be+ n[ m reveal$ ?an on ! =m] occasion1 he 0 /ruck by its expression ( simplicity & sweetness--qualities t _h n ent]$ into 8 idea ( h] "*1 & :i* made him ask anew :at mann] ( mortal %e might be4 ,nor did he fail aga9 to obs]ve or imag9e an analogy betwe5 ! beautiful girl & ! gorge\s %rub t hung its gem-l fl[]s ov] ! f\nta9--a resemblance :i* ,beatrice seem$ to h indulg$ a fanta/ic humor 9 height5+ bo? by ! arrangem5t ( h] dress & ! selection ( its hues4 ,8 figure soon em]g$ into view1 & %[$ itself to be t ( no common labor]1 b a tall1 emaciat$1 sall[ & sickly-look+ man dress$ 9 a s*ol>'s g>b ( black4 ,he 0 beyond ! middle t]m ( life1 ) gray hair1 & a ?9 gray be>d & a face s+ul>ly m>k$ ) intellect & cultivation1 b :i* c\ld nev]1 ev5 9 8 m y\?ful days1 h express$ mu* w>m? ( he>t4 ,& ?is is ! way ,dick5s sets =? ,scrooge1 ! old mis]1 9 ,a ,*ri/mas ,c>ol3 ,oh6 ,b he 0 a tight-fi/$ h& at ! gr9d/one1 ,scrooge6 a squeez+1 wr5*+1 grasp+1 scrap+1 clut*+1 covet\s1 old s9n]6 ,h>d & %>p z fl9t1 f :i* no /eel _h ev] /ruck out g5]\s fire2 secret1 & self-conta9$1 & solit>y z an oy/]4 ,! cold )9 him froze 8 old features1 nipp$ 8 po9t$ nose1 %rivell$ 8 *eek1 /iff5$ 8 gait1 made 8 eyes r$1 8 ?9 lips blue2 & spoke out %rewdly 9 8 grat+ voice4 ,a fro/y rime 0 on 8 head1 & on 8 eyebr[s1 & 8 wiry *94 ,he c>ri$ 8 own l[ temp]ature always ab\t ) him2 he ic$ 8 (fice 9 ! dog-days2 & didn't ?aw x "o degree at ,*ri/mas4 ,!re is v little ( ! catalogue /yle ( description "h2 inde$1 ! *>act]s c h>dly be said to be describ$3 ! au?or gives r ! s5sations :i* !y produc$ on obs]v]s & s excites simil> s5sations 9 ! m9d ( ! read]4 ,:5 once introduc$ ! *>act]s %\ld be all[$ to "w out _! id5tities ) ! lea/ possible int]f]5ce f ! au?or4 ,_! *>act]i/ics mu/ n be li/$ l invoices ( goods3 !y mu/ !mselves display ! psy*ological p[]s ) :i* !y 7 end[$ by _! creator4 ,_! spee*es & actions mu/ seem ! results ( m5tal processes1 & mu/ appe> natural1 if n logical2 inde$1 x is an op5 "q if !y c be bo? at once1 = !re are few p :o are always logical4 ,"o good me?od ( pres5t+ ! *>act]i/ics ( a fictiti\s p]sonage is to indulge 9 a bit ( m9d read+1 & give 8 ?\ghts z he ?9ks !m2 ano!r & bett] way is to %[ ! man actuat$ by 8 dom9ant m5tal qualities4 ,9 ,! ,cask ( ,amontillado ,poe builds a :ole /ory on an elaboration ( ! latt] me?od1 & pres5ts ! picture ( a man tempor>ily ma/]$ by ! _s ( rev5ge4 ,x is only by ?us all[+ ! *>act]s to "w out _! own de/9ies t y c make !m real2 o!rwise !y w appe> z m]e pa9t$ puppets1 )\t life or volition4 ,on acc\nt ( ! te*nical limitations ( ! %ort /ory ! numb] ( *>act]s :i* may h pr9cipal or speak+ p>ts is v small--9 g5]al only two1 & frequ5tly b "o4 ,!re are usually o!r *>act]s pres5t to help out ! action1 b !y are m]ely sup]num]>ies1 )\t =m1 life or influ5ce4 ,!re are _m violations ( ?is rule1 ,i admit1 among !m su* /ories z ,haw?orne's ,! ,great ,/one ,face1 ,! ,sev5 ,vagabonds1 & ,! ,great ,c>buncle2 b analysis %[s !m to be panoramic or episodic 9 effect1 & really violat+ ! unity ( action :i* ! %ort /ory dem&s4 ,= simil> reasons ! *>act]s pres5t$ mu/ be unnaturally isolat$1 ) little pa/ & less future1 & mo/ /rangely lack+ 9 relatives2 = ! few ?\s& words ( ! %ort /ory p]mit b a cursory treatm5t ( ! ance/ry1 bir?1 bre$+ & family ( ! "o or two important *>act]s4 ,if by any trick !y c be made ! la/ ( a long l9e1 & be snat*$ f obscurity into ! mom5t>y gl>e ( ! lime light1 s mu* ! bett] = au?or1 read] & "*2 b if "s portion ( _! hi/ory be>s ^u ! /ory1 let x be pres5t$ by subtle t\*es1 pref]ably by ref]5ces 9 ! dialogue1 s t ! read] obta9s ! necess>y k )\t be+ consci\s ( ! means4 ,! few real *>act]s 9 ! /ory mu/ be made unusually int]e/+ on acc\nt ( _! lonel9ess4 ,!y compose ! /ory1 !y repres5t ! human race1 & if !y fail u we are 9 sad /raits4 ,!y mu/ be individual2 !y mu/ /& out %>ply f ! page1 cle> & attractive1 & leave no d\bt ( _! p]sonalities4 ,m ?an any o!r =m ( fiction1 ! %ort /ory dep5ds ^u its h]o & h]o9e1 :o h /> p>ts & monopolize ! /age ( action4 ,we mu/ see !m s vividly t :5 !y speak & act we %all p]ceive !m z actual p]sonages4 ,x is su* accuracy ( depiction t makes ,rip ,van ,w9kle1 ,%]lock ,holmes1 ,van ,bibb]1 & a ho/ ( o!rs ent] into our ?\ghts & spee* z if !y _h really liv$4 ,! names ) :i* we label ^! dolls may be ( importance4 ,9 ^! days names h little significance1 yet we /ill feel t a "n f its v s\nd may be appropriate or o!rwise1 & no c>eful writ] w\ld give to 8 *>act]s appellations select$ at r&om4 ,names are frequ5tly us$ to good advantage z aids to "* depiction or to enhance humor\s effects1 z 9 ! case ( ,haw?orne's ,fea!rtop & ,monsieur du ,miroir1 & ,irv+'s ,i*abod ,crane1 & 9 _m o!r in/ances famili> to read]s ( ,dick5s4 ,dick5s's names are m>vel\sly apt1 z we see f ! pass+ into common phrase ( s _m ( !m4 ,n a few h become synonyms = ! k9d ( "* to :i* !y 7 atta*$4444 ,if a "n is to h9t at "* x %\ld d s 9 ! subtle/ mann] possible--9 a mann] s subtle z to escape all b ! quickwitt$1 :o w =give ! in>ti/ic me?od 9 _! pride at be+ s clev] z to detect ! writ]'s int5tion4444 ,9 ^! days1 :5 craftsman%ip is c>$ = & look$ = m ?an ev]1 444 noveli/s mu/ sacrifice no?+ t w l5d a trick ( reality to _! imag9+s4 ,if !y take any pa9s to select names = _! *>act]s !y %\ld hit ^u su* z w be se5 to suit !m :5 _! books h be5 read 7l ,sir ,will\ghby ,patt]ne or ,gabriel ,oak72 names t attempt ) clumsy imp]t95ce to give a clew to "* at ! outset are be/ left to ! inept amateur ( lett]s :o has n wit en\gh to disp5se ) su* aid4 ,to be avoid$1 also1 are out-(-!-way names t may h liv+ own]s 9 ! real _w4 ,no ,john ,smi? or ,tom ,jones c compla9 if writ]s *ri/5 _! *>act]s aft] !m2 b if a man owns a peculi> "n he dislikes hav+ x borr[$ & atta*$ to "s figure 9 fiction ^: proce$+s v likely d x little cr$it4444 ,e writ] mu/ "k ! satisfaction t comes :5 an 'exquisitely "r' "n is hit ^u4 ,b x is j z well to take reasonable precautions to avoid indignant prote/s su* z t :i* ,haw?orne drew ^u himself#bi = 8 use ( ! "n ,judge ,pyn*eon 9 ,! ,h\se ( ! ,sev5 ,gables4 ,! dramatic tr5d ( ! %ort /ory is responsible = its t5d5cy to advance action by spee*4 ,good %ort /ories h be5 writt5 & w be writt5 :i* conta9 little or no dialogue2 !y succe$ ?r\gh vividness ( plot1 skill 9 "* depiction1 +5uity ( con/ruction1 or "s su* quality2 b !y w\ld be m int]e/+ & m natural if !y held m conv]sation4 ,a %ort /ory %\ld be full ( talk ( ! prop] k9d2 !re are few p :o pres]ve sil5ce at all times1 & 9 ! excit+ mom5ts :i* a %ort /ory usually pres5ts1 mo/ p]sons w\ld f9d tongue to voice _! teem+ ?\ghts4 ,spee* adds naturalness & vividness to ! actors1 x l5ds !m a p]sonal int]e/1 x gives insight into "*1 & x aids ! developm5t ( ! plot4 ,?is is a mod]n t5d5cy1 = ! /ories ( ,kipl+1 ,/ev5son1 ,wilk9s1 ,davis & ,doyle conta9 mu* m ( ! conv]sational elem5t ?an ^? ( ,poe1 ,haw?orne or ,irv+4 ,:]e ! latt] w\ld pres5t a m5tal /ruggle or a crisis by "s p>agraphs ( description1 ! =m] express x 9 ! %ort excit+ words ( ! actors !mselves2 ev5 soliloquies & asides & o!r ( ! mo/ me*anical devices ( ! drama are =c$ into ! s]vice ( ! %ort /ory1 to replace ! long explanatory passages su* z 7 us$ by ,irv+4 ,x has be5 pr$ict$ t 9 ! %ort /ory ( ! future ! *>act]s w be briefly introduc$ & !n w be all[$ to speak = !mselves2 if ?is prophecy comes true we %all h /ories simil> to ,hope's ,! ,dolly ,dialogues1 or ,h[ells' little dramas1 :]e !re is almo/ no comm5t by ! au?or4 ,x is m probable1 ?\gh1 t !re is some?+ ( a fad 9 ! pres5t lik+ = pure dialogue1 & t ! %ort /ory w nev] atta9 ! absolute purity ( ! drama4 ,if ^! fictiti\s p]sonages are to talk1 h[ev]1 !y mu/ talk naturally & int]e/+ly--& !re's ! rub6 ,z 9 real life a man (t5 %[s himself to be a fool :5 he beg9s to talk1 s 9 fiction a "* frequ5tly proves to be b a poor puppet ( /raw :5 he op5s 8 m\?4 ,! only way to make y\r *>act]s talk naturally is to imitate ! spee* ( ! p]sons :om !y 9 "s degree repres5t4 ,p 9 g5]al d n talk by book3 !y use colloquial language1 full ( poor gramm>1 slang1 & syncopat$ words2 & _! s5t5ces are nei!r always logical nor complete4 ,9 reproduc+ ?is1 h[ev]1 y mu/ edit x a little1 us+ y\r own judgm5t z to :i* are ! *>act]i/ic idioms2 = ! spee* ( ! p 9 books is admitt$ly a little bett] ?an 9 real life--except 9 dialect /ories1 :]e x is usually worse2 & y mu/ avoid equally ! heavy rhetorical /yle ( ! extreme romantic s*ool1 & ! inane commonplaces ( ! radical reali/s4 ,conv]sation l ! foll[+ is commonly t]m$ booki%2 x is pa9fully correct & labori\sly pr(\nd--b x is n natural4 ,if x 7 meant = a burlesque ^u polite & cultur$ society x w\ld be exquisite1 b x is ! mann] 9 :i* ! writ] believes p really talk1 ?\gh x is easy to guess t he himself is f> f su* absurd affectations 9 8 famili> spee*4 ,by way ( prelim9>y1 ,i h to say t my "n is ,a?lee--,felix ,a?lee1 & y\rs is ,miss ,india ,lem>e4 ,i've se5 y be=e4 ,9 ! fle%1 ,i hope1 %e answ]$4 ,yes1 ,i l y bett] t way1 ?\gh y n[ we> ! expression ( "o old] 9 ye>s & exp]i5ce4 ,:]e=e1 may ,i ask8 ,%ad[s fall on ! "y z well z ! old4 ,"o is =tunate1 inde$1 to keep always 9 ! sun%9e4 ,& flit l ! butt]fly1 )\t volition or ef=t8 ,human appo9tm5ts are diff]5t4 ,"w is ! inevitable1 & ) ! prop] tools1 x is pleasant en\gh4 ,!y mu/1 long ago1 h ru/$1 = ! want ( use4 ,no1 we h simply to consid] our specialty & we f9d !m ready at h&4 ,h y done s8 ,i am daz$1 & my bra9 works caprici\sly4 ,except 9 ! int]e/ ( y\r desires4 ,:at are !y8 ,weal? = indep5d5ce1 leisure = indulg5ce1 & fame1 ! outcome ( tal5t4 ,8 lum9\s eyes look$ out ov] ! wat]1 z he said3 ,! univ]sal hunt ( mank9d is = happ9ess1 & he se>*es = x 9 z _m ways z !re are peculi>ities ( disposition4 ,does he ev] really f9d x8 ,_m we>y he>ts are cov]$ ) ! s(t d[n ( weal?4 ,mis*ief lurks 9 indulg5ce1 & fame dazzles b to elude4 ,x is wis] to accept :at ! gods give1 & use ! gifts = ! bett]m5t ( o!rs z well z ourselves4 ,mean+less words1 :5 "o is at enmity ) ! gods = )hold+4 ,:at f9e spun !ories we mortals h6 ,to ! li/5] e conv]sation conta9s a deal ( commonplace3 x may be t ! speak]s really h no?+ int]e/+ to say1 & x may be t _! conv]sation is s p]sonal z to int]e/ !mselves only4 ,! read] occupies ! position ( a li/5]1 & x is ! duty ( ! au?or to suppress all commonplace dialogue1 unless1 z sometimes happ5s1 x assi/s 9 plot or "* developm5t4 ,conv]sation l ! foll[+ is--let u hope--int]e/+ to ! p>ties conc]n$1 b ! read] w\ld be deliv]$ f x z f a plague4 ,i am s glad to get "o desire ( my he>t4 ,& t is8 said ,al4 ,sn[6 ,s glad t is all4 ,i ?\ght y _h spi$ my new tie & 0 plann+ "s 'crazy design' ^u x4 ,oh1 let me see6 ,n[1 really1 t is becom+ to y\r /yle1 b ,i ?9k x w\ld suit m9e bett]4 ',br[n eyes & black hair %\ld nev] we> blue--t is = grey eyes1 ! tri$ & true4' ,see8 ,nei!r ! eyes nor ! tie1 said ,al1 z he turn$ 8 back & look$ up at ! ceil+4 ,! real difficulty ) ?is dialogue is t ! writ] attempt$ to make 8 *>act]s sm>t & s p]mitt$ !m to indulge 9 rep>tee2 b z !y 7 only commonplace p ! privilege 0 too mu* = !m & !y m]ely twaddl$4 ,!y did succe$ 9 be+ humor\s1 b ! humor is unconsci\s4 ,yet unconsci\s humor is pref]able to ! =c$ & desp]ate attempt at fun-mak+ :i* we h 9 ?is extract3 ,i don't believe he is pr\d1 said ,joe to ,tom1 8 y\ng] bro!r4 ,b y "k he has be5 to ! ,holy ,l& & _c n[ associate ) su* wick$ s9n]s z we are4 ,or else he has turn$ ,jew & ?9ks we are ,sam>itans4 ,y two are gett+ no bett] fa/1 said ! doctor1 aft] a he>ty laugh4 ,wait until y get sick1 ,i'll give y a pill t w make y rep5t4 ,we are nev] go+ to get sick1 said ,joe1 b expect to live until we are s old t we w dry up & bl[ away ) ! w9d1 or g to heav5 9 a ',*>iot ( ,fire4' ,turn+ to ! doctor ,joe cont9u$3 ,y "k ,w has a girl1 & he is awful pi\s4 ,if "o looks (f 8 book 9 *ur*1 ev5 to w9k at 8 be/ girl1 he ?9ks x an awful s94 ,& t ! guilty "o %\ld be dipp$ 9 holy wat]1 or d p5it5ce = a week4 ,x is a common trick = ! novice to put into ! m\?s ( 8 *>act]s j su* /ale jokes & *eap je/s1 ) ! idea t he is do+ some?+ extremely funny4 ,he is1 b 8 audi5ce is laugh+ at him1 n at 8 *>act]s4 ,b mo/ exasp]at+ ( all is ! au?or :o1 :ile mak+ 8 *>act]s suff] ! mo/ dreadful afflictions1 lets !m ?9k & talk only commonplaces /ill1 l ! poor sawdu/ dolls t !y are3 ,:at is ! matt] ) y1 ,annie8 ,i said "o day1 ab\t five mon?s aft] %e _h come home4444 ,y w "k "s "t1 ,cicely1 %e answ]$4444 ,:y c't y tell me n[8 ,i ask$4 ,y w "k soon en\gh1 %e answ]$4 ,by ! by1 %e w5t on1 ,i am go+ to ,mr4 ,d5ham's to-morr[4 ,alone8 ,no1 ,i am go+ ) ,c\s9 ,ivan4 ,:5 w y be back8 ,i ask$1 = ,mr4 ,d5ham liv$ tw5ty miles away4 ,i don't "k1 %e answ]$ sadly4 ,! next morn+ ,i w5t ov] to see ,annie (f4 ,i _h be5 !re b a few m9utes :5 h] c\s91 ,ivan ,c>leon1 came4 ,he 0 ab\t six feet high1 ) d>k1 br[n eyes1 & black hair & m\/a*e4 ,he 0 a quiet man & ,i lik$ him4 ,:5 !y got ready to />t1 ,annie came & kiss$ me4 ,i am ready n[1 ,ivan4 ,& !n he help$ h] into ! buggy1 & !y drove (f4 ,two days aft]w>ds1 z ,i 0 sitt+ "u ! %ade ( a tree1 :]e ,annie & ,i _h play$ :5 we 7 small1 ,miss ,jones1 an old s*ool fell[1 came along4 ,h y he>d ! news8 %e ask$1 be=e %e _h got up to me4 ,:at news8 ,:y1 ,ivan ,c>leon has kill$ ,annie4 ,expla9 y\rself1 ,daisy1 ,i answ]$ anxi\sly4 ,well1 %e said1 we a9't sure ,ivan kill$ h]2 b e "o ?9ks s4 ,y "k t big gate1 ab\t a mile ?is side ( ,mr4 ,d5ham's8 ,well1 day be=e ye/]day ,ivan came runn+ up to ,mr4 ,d5ham1 & said t ,annie _h %ot h]self1 d[n at ! big gate4 ,!y all w5t d[n & f\nd ,annie /one dead4 ,a note 9 h] pocket m]ely /at$ t %e 0 tir$ ( life4 ,b e "o ?9ks ,ivan kill$ h]1 & t he wrote ! note himself4 ,i hope ,ivan didn't d x1 %e said1 z %e />t$ (f1 = ,i lik$ him4 ,! ev5+ ( ! ?ird day1 z ,i 0 sitt+ "u ! same tree1 ,i 0 />tl$ to feel a h& on my %\ld]4 ,look+ up1 ,i saw ,ivan ,c>leon /&+ by my side4 ,i gave a l[ cry1 & %rank f him4 ,he turn$ pale to 8 lips4 ,surely y don't ?9k ,i murd]$ h]8 he said4 ,i don't "k :at to ?9k1 ,i answ]$1 bur/+ into te>s4 ,sit d[n & tell me all ab\t x1 ,i cont9u$1 mov+ = him on ! b5*4 ,he sat d[n beside me2 & laid 8 head 9 8 h&s4 ,imag9e1 if y c1 ! be>] ( t]rible news :o w\ld unburd5 h]self ) z little excitem5t z ,miss ,jones exhibits2 or a real girl :o1 on he>+ ( ! tragic dea? ( h] bosom fri5d1 w\ld be m]ely anxi\s & bid h] in=mant ,expla9 y\rself6 ,! au?or ( ?is c\ld n h _h ! slighte/ conception ( ! trag$y :i* he _h creat$1 or ev5 8 poor lifeless puppets mu/ h be5 galvaniz$ into "s %[ ( real feel+4 ,x is nei!r necess>y nor desirable t y %\ld report e conv]sation at l5g?1 ev5 ?\gh x be> ^u ! /ory4 ,d n reproduce long conv]sations simply to say some?+ or to air y\r views on curr5t topics4 ,x is j z mu* a fault to introduce useless *att] z x is to fill page aft] page ) descriptions ( unus$ places4 ,if ! h]o & ! h]o9e1 by a brief bright conv]sation1 c put ! read] 9 possession ( ! facts conc]n+ ! c\rse ( _! true love1 !y %\ld be giv5 free spee*2 b if !y %[ a t5d5cy to moralize or prose or talk an inf9ite deal ( no?+1 %ut !m up & give ! gi/ ( _! dialogue 9 a few succ9ct s5t5ces ( y\r own4 ,note h[ 9 #aj1 #aa ,haw?orne has cond5s$ ! conv]sation :i* d\btless occurr$ at ! supp] table1 & has giv5 u ! sali5t po9ts )\t ! commonplaces t x mu/ h conta9$3 ,he 0 ( a pr\d yet g5tle _s1 haughty & res]v$ among ! ri* & great1 b ev] ready to /oop 8 head to ! l[ly cottage door & be l a bro!r or a son at ! poor man's fireside4444 ,he _h travel$ f> & alone2 8 :ole life1 inde$1 _h be5 a solit>y pa?1 =1 ) ! l(ty caution ( 8 nature1 he _h kept himself ap>t f ^? :o might o!rwise h be5 8 companions4444 ,! secret ( ! "y man's "* 0 a high & ab/ract$ ambition4 ,he c\ld h borne to live an undi/+ui%$ life1 b n to be =gott5 9 ! grave4 & h[ 9 #ac he has giv5 u ! tr5d ( ! "y man's rhapsody1 in/ead ( we>y+ u ) :at 0 probably r a long & tiresome spee*3 ,!re 0 a cont9ual fl[ ( natural emotion gu%+ =? amid ab/ract$ rev]ie :i* enabl$ ! family to und]/& ?is "y man's s5tim5t1 ?\gh s =eign f _! own4 ,"o =m ( ! talkative %ort /ory t =ms a s]i\s /umbl+ block to ! novice is ! dialect /ory4 ,if y h an idea ( try+ t /yle ( composition1 let me w>n y3 ,don't6 ,dialect /ories nev] 7 v arti/ic1 = !y are a p>adoxical attempt to make good lit]ature ( poor rhetoric & worse gramm>4 ,!y h nev] be5 recogniz$ or writt5 by any great ma/] ( fiction4 ,!y are a sign ( a deg5]ate ta/e1 & _! production or p]usal is a m5ace to ! =mation & pres]vation ( a good lit]>y /yle4 ,!y are m]ely a fad1 :i* is already ( ! pa/2 & to-day public & publi%] turn 9 nausea f a mess ( dialect :i* ye/]day !y w\ld h gre$ily dev\r$2 s t n[ !re is ev5 no pecuni>y excuse = dialect /ories4 ,!y 7 doom$ to an ephem]al exi/5ce1 = :at little *>m !y ev] possess$ 0 bas$ ^u ! human crav+ = some?+ odd & new2 ! be/ /ories ( ,b>rie & ,macl>5 live because ( _! int5se human feel+1 & !y w\ld h succe$$ z well & endur$ long] if !y _h be5 clo!d 9 lit]>y ,engli%4 ,t !re is good 9 dialect none may d5y2 b t good is only :5 x *ances1 z r>ely1 to be good dialect2 :5 x is us$ ) j discretion & made ! effect ( circum/ances naturally aris+1 n ! cause & orig9 ( ! circum/ance itself4 ,:5 ! negro1 ! 'crack]' or ! m\nta9e] dialect occurs naturally 9 an ,am]ican /ory1 x (t5 gives tell+ effects ( local color & ( %ad+4 ,b ! negro or 'crack]' /ory p] se c be made be>able only by ! p5 ( a ma/]2 & ev5 !n x may be v d\btful if t same p5 _h n prov$ ke5] 9 portraiture1 m j to human nature 9 ! ma91 _h ! negro or ! 'crack]' be5 ! m]e episode1 act+ on ! ma9 !me1 & itself react$ on by t4#cj ,/udy c>efully1 z models ( good "* analysis & pres5tation1 ,/ev5son's ,m>kheim2 ,haw?orne's ,! ,great ,/one ,face2 ,i*abod ,crane 9 ,irv+'s ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[2 ,poe's ,william ,wilson2 ,l\isa ,ellis 9 ,wilk9s' ,a ,new ,engl& ,nun2 ,van ,bibb] 9 ,davis' ,van ,bibb] & ,o!rs2 ,h5ry ,/4 ,george 9 ,james' ,! ,lesson ( ! ,ma/]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bh3 ,rudim5t>y ,sugge/ions = ,beg9n]s 9 ,/ory ,writ+1 by ,e4 ,f4 ,&rews4 ,cosmopolitan4 ,feb41 '#ig4 ,footnote #bi3 ,names 9 ,fiction1 by ,h4 ,h4 ,f4 ,lit]ature4 ,jan4 #ai1 '#ii4 ,footnote #cj3 ,! ,day ( ,dialect1 by ,t4 ,c4 ,de ,leon4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,nov41 '#ig4 ,,vii ,,me?ods ,,( ,,n>ration ,n only mu/ y h a /ory to tell1 b y mu/ tell x well4 ,! *>m & int]e/ ( a /ory come n f ! plot itself b f y\r h&l+ ( x4 ,! "q ( ! prop] me?od ( n>ration is to a consid]able ext5t a matt] ( suitability--( giv+ ! n>rative an appropriate sett+2 x is also a matt] ( ! po9t ( view ( ! n>rator--:e!r he is to tell ! /ory z "o ( ! actors1 or simply z an imp]sonal obs]v]4 ,a doz5 ma/] /ory writ]s w\ld tell ! same tale 9 a doz5 diff]5t ways1 & ea* ( !m w\ld seem to be ! "r way2 = ea* writ] w\ld view ! ev5ts f a p>ticul> angle1 & w\ld make 8 po9t ( view seem ! natural "o4 ,b ! novice is n always happy 9 8 *oice ( a view po9t2 or r1 he lacks ! k & exp]i5ce t w\ld tea* him h[ to treat 8 subject f ! p>ticul> side f :i* he has *os5 to consid] x4 ,yet a capable & clev] writ] may sometimes f9d himself puzzl$ to *oose betwe5 a numb] ( me?ods1 any "o ( :i* seems appropriate & any "o ( :i* he feels himself compet5t to h&le satisfactorily3 ! "q is :i* "o w be = him ! mo/ successful me?od ( exploit+ 8 ?\ghts4 ,t "q %\ld be settl$ ) reg>d to ! suitability ( ! me?od to ! matt] ( ! /ory--& "h suitability is synonym\s ) naturalness4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t /ory writ+ is only a mod]n phase ( ! _w-old cu/om ( /ory tell+1 & t ! pr9t$ page %\ld appe> z natural & easy to ! eye z ! voice w\ld to ! e>4 ,:5 9 ! twilight ! gr&mo!r ga!rs ! *ildr5 ab\t h] knee = a /ory1 :e!r x be a bit ( h] own life or a tale f a book1 %e does n /rive aft] effect1 b tells ! /ory simply & naturally1 j z %e kn[s x w be/ suit ! *ildr54 ,& s ! /ory writ] %\ld tell 8 tale--s naturally & easily t ! read] w =get t he is gaz+ at ! pr9t$ page1 & w believe himself a spectator at an actual sc5e 9 real life4 ,! great difficulty ( ! novice is to subord9ate 8 own p]sonality4 ,he kn[s t he mu/ individualize 8 /ory1 & t t is be/ done by putt+ some?+ ( himself into x2 & he does n always und]/& t x is only 8 _s t is want$1 & t 8 body w be v mu* 9 ! way4 ,!n1 too1 he is apt to be a little self-consci\s1 if n actually self-conceit$1 & he r likes ! idea ( putt+ himself into 8 "w s ?or\ghly t ! read] mu/ always be consci\s ( 8 pres5ce4 ,he likes to %[ 8 sup]ior k & to take ! read] into 8 confid5ce2 s he indulges 9 side rem>ks1 & criticisms1 & bits ( moraliz+1 & 9 g5]al exhibits an exasp]at+ t5d5cy to consid] himself & 8 p]sonal op9ion ( f> great] importance ?an ! /ory :i* he is expect$ to tell4 ,b above all ?+s else ! au?or mu/ keep himself out ( sight1 & mu/ refra9 f int]polat+ 8 op9ions4 ,he is suppos$ to be an imp]sonal p]son1 a human ma*9e ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :i* ! /ory is pres]v$1 & he has no prop] place 9 8 n>rative4 ,"o no m expects or desires a spee* f him ?an a s]mon f a p5ny-9-!-slot phonograph :i* has be5 paid = a comic song4 ,he may /& beh9d ! sc5es & manipulate ! puppets & speak = !m1 b 8 h& mu/ be unse51 8 voice c>efully disguis$1 & 8 p]sonality imp]ceptible2 no "o c>es = ! man :o makes ! ,pun* & ,judy %[--he is judg$ by ! success ( 8 imitation ( life1 & 8 own appe>ance w spe$ily disillusionize 8 public4 ,e "t y address y\r public z de> read]1 g5tle read]1--or1 z ,m>k ,twa9 has x1 savage read]--y =ce ^u t public a realization ( y\r pres5ce :i* is z disagreeable & in>ti/ic z ! appe>ance ( ! ,pun* & ,judy man1 hat 9 h&1 seek+ a few copp]s 9 paym5t ( ! amusem5t he has provid$4 ,9 ! %ort /ory no p]sonal confid5ces1 moraliz+ comm5ts1 or confessions are all[$4 ,if y mu/ express y\r op9ions & make y\r p]sonality felt1 write lectures1 s]mons1 essays1 books1 lett]s = ! public press--b don't write %ort /ories4 ,m5 read %ort /ories to be amus$1 n in/ruct$2 & !y w quickly revolt at any attempt on y\r "p to introduce into y\r n>rative a sug>-coat$ argum5t or s]mon4 ,!re are c]ta9 me?ods ( /ory tell+ mu* affect$ by ! amateur :i* are p>ticul>ly difficult to d well4 ,he %\ld especially es*ew /ories relat$ 9 ! fir/ p]son1 ^? told by lett]s1 & ^? 9 ! =m ( a di>y4 ,notice1 ,i d n say t ^! me?ods are absolutely bad3 !y h be5 successfully us$ by ma/]s2 b !y are at lea/ que/ionable1 & !y conta9 s _m pitfalls = ! unw>y t x is f> bett] = ! un9itiat$ to let !m sev]ely alone4 ,n>rative 9 ! fir/ p]son gives a c]ta9 realism ?r\gh ! m]e use ( ! pron\n ,i1 & s excites "s measure ( ! desir$ p]sonal int]e/2 b ! same result may be secur$1 )\t ! accompany+ disadvantages1 by mak+ ! *>act]s d a good deal ( talk+4 ,t me?od escapes ! dang] ( gett+ ! n>rator betwe5 ! /ory & ! read]2 = ! puppet :o ,i's 8 way ?r\gh ! n>rative is apt to be r an important fell[1 :o intrudes on ! mo/ private sc5es1 & :o pref]s moraliz+ & philosophiz+ to ! legitimate fur!r+ ( ! plot2 ?us he runs no small risk ( mak+ himself unpopul> ) ! read]1 & s prov+ ( detrim5t to ! success ( ! /ory & ( ! au?or4 ,!n1 too1 :5 ! au?or is speak+ 9 8 own prop] p]son ! read] _c help wond]+ at times h[ "o man c\ld "k s mu* ab\t :at 0 go+ on1 ev5 if he 7 a v]itable ,paul ,pry2 :ile we h become s us$ to grant+ ! omnisci5ce & omnipres5ce ( ! invisible ?ird p]son au?or t we nev] "q 8 k4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! h]o-n>rator attempt natural mode/y & pr(ess to b slight in=mation conc]n+ ! /ory1 he is usually a mo/ dull & un9t]e/+ fell[1 :o is endeavor+ to relate a matt] ( :i* he has miss$ ! mo/ ess5tial p>ts4 ,& at all times1 ?\gh he be a model 9 all o!r respects1 ! v fact t ! h]o is tell+ ! /ory less5s its int]e/1 s9ce no matt] :at h>r[+ exp]i5ces he has suff]$1 he has come safely ?r\gh2 ?us ! n>rative lacks t anxiety = ! h]o's welf>e :i* is s l>ge a factor 9 ! delights ( fiction4 ,x 7fir/ p]son n>rative7 is bett] adapt$1 no d\bt1 to adv5ture ?an to analysis1 & bett] to ! expression ( hum\r ?an to ! realization ( trag$y4 ,z f> z ! pres5tation ( "* is conc]n$1 :at x is usual = x to a*ieve 444 is ?is3 a life size1 full l5g?1 g5]ally too flatt]+ portrait ( ! h]o ( ! /ory--a p]sonage :o has ! limelight all to himself--on :om no inconv5i5t %ad[s are ev] ?r[n2 444 & !n a fur!r graceful idealization1 an attractive pa/el1 y may call x1 ! lady he mo/ frequ5tly admir$1 &1 ( ! rema9d]1 two or ?ree ,kit-,cat portraits1 a head & %\ld]s "h1 & !re a /ray face4#ca ,/ories writt5 9 ! epi/ol>y or di>y =m suff] all ! disadvantages ( fir/ p]son n>rative2 b !y are also liable to o!rs1 equally s]i\s1 :i* are peculi>ly _! own4 ,!y are seldom natural1 9 ! fir/ place1 = grant$ t p really d keep int]e/+ di>ies or write lit]>y lett]s1 x is r>e 9 ei!r case t a /ory w\ld be told ) te*nical correctness4 ,& su* n>ratives are usually poor 9 te*nique1 = _! =m necessitates ! introduction ( mu* t is commonplace or irrelevant1 & x also requires ! passage ( "t & causes breaks 9 ! ?read ( ! plot4 ,^! =ms are favorites ) ! inexp]i5c$ because !y seem to dodge "s ( ! difficulties t beset ! way ( ! lit]>y aspirant4 ,_! =m is necess>ily loose & disjo9t$1 & _! /yle rambl+ & conv]sational1 & ^! qualities are *>act]i/ic ( ! "w ( novices4 ,b if fictiti\s lett]s are s seldom any?+ b tiresome1 is ?is because '! age ( lett] writ+ is pa/8'444 ,! unpopul>ity ( ! epi/ol>y =m z a me?od ( au?or%ip is1 9 fact1 due q z mu* to a *ange ( ta/e z to ! decay ( lett] writ+4 ,! old practice 0 ( a piece ) ! unrealities ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 bo? 9 art & lett]s4 ,x necessitat$ an abundance ( sup]flu\s detail1 & x 0 a r\ndab\t1 artificial way ( do+ :at ! true arti/ c\ld d mu* bett]1 simply & directly4 ,x gave1 ( c\rse1 an opportunity ( exhibit+ subjectively _m 'f9e %ades' ( feel+4 ,b x is c]ta9ly mu* m difficult to c>ry conviction 9 inv5t+ lett]s = fictiti\s p]sons ?an 9 mak+ !m conv]se4 ,9 ! latt] case !re is a backgr\nd2 !re is ! life & movem5t ( ! v>i\s *>act]s1 ! spontaneity ( "q & reply1 & ! runn+ int]*ange ( talk1 all help+ to keep a spell ^u ! read]4 ,! lett] gives mu* less *ance ( illusion1 & we may v soon become consci\s ( ! au?or--in/ead ( ! suff]$ correspond5t--beat+ 8 bra9s = some?+ to say next4#cb ,ano!r poor me?od1 indicative ( call[ness1 is mak+ ! h]o1 s to speak1 an animal or a ?+1 & p]mitt+ x to tell its own /ory4 ,?is has peculi> *>m = ! tyro because ( its suppos$ orig9ality1 b x is really z old z /ory tell+ itself4 ,x (f5ds greatly aga9/ naturalness1 = h[ev] "o may believe 9 ! /ory ( ,balaam's ass1 or delight 9 sop's talk+ brutes or ,greece's talk+ /atues1 "o _c re/ra9 a feel+ ( skepticism :5 a dog or a co9 is put =w>d1 giv5 human attributes1 & made to view ! _w ?r\gh man's eyes4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! writ] attempts to read ! ?\ghts ( ! brute or ! ?+1 ! difficulty at once pres5ts itself t he c only guess at ! m5tal processes ( ! "o1 & t ! o!r is incapable ( ?\ght2 s t 9 ei!r case ! result is unsatisfactory4 ,"o exception to ?is /atem5t mu/ be made3 ,kipl+1 9 8 ,jungle ,book /ories1 seems to h a*iev$ ! impossible & read = u ! v ?\ghts ( ! brute creation4 ,un=tunately x is n giv5 u to "k h[ ne>ly he has hit _! m5tal processes2 b 8 animals c]ta9ly d n ?9k ) ! ?\ghts ( m5 & _! cogitations1 z he int]prets !m1 appe> to u p]fectly logical & natural4 ,yet ! success ( ,kipl+ does n at all less5 ! =ce ( my g5]al /atem5t1 = !re are few writ]s :o w\ld c>e to cross p5s ) him "h4 ,ev5 our own ,joel ,*&l] ,h>ris1 9 8 delightful ,uncle ,remus /ories1 has succe$$ only 9 giv+ 8 animals human ideas & attributes4 ,! :ole endeavor to end[ ! re/ ( creation ) man's intellig5ce is too ?or\ghly artificial to (f] a pr(itable field to ! %ort /ory writ]4 ,aga91 novices err frequ5tly ?r\gh introduc+ a multiplicity ( n>rators1 ei!r writ+ a pat*work /ory 9 :i* all take a h&1 or plac+ n>ration )9 n>ration z 9 ! ,arabian ,nights4 ,! me?od ( all[+ a numb] ( p]sons consecutively to c>ry on ! plot is v attractive1 s9ce x (f]s a way ( introduc+ a p]sonally int]e/$ n>rator )\t mak+ him pret]naturally wise2 & x also af=ds opportunity = ! au?or to exhibit 8 skill 9 view+ ev5ts f all sides & ?r\gh ! m9ds ( sev]al v diff]5t p]sons4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 op5 to mo/ ( ! fir/ p]son objections1 & x is liable to produce a disjo9t$ n>rative2 b x is p>ticul>ly unhappy 9 ! %ort /ory because x necessitates ! introduction & disposition ( a numb] ( important p4 ,! use ( n>ration )9 n>ration is m objectionable4 ,x is ( little importance :o tells ! /ory1 or h[ x came to be told2 ! less ! n>rator appe>s ! bett]4 ,x is seldom t m ?an "o n>rator is necess>y1 yet two1 ?ree1 or ev5 m are (t5 introduc$1 ) full descriptions ( p]sons & circum/ances4 ,x is a frequ5t device ( ! unpractis$ to cov] pages ) useless explanations ( h[ !y he>d a tale :i* is ?us elaborately put too f> (f f ! read] to appeal to 8 sympa?ies4 ,"o writ]1 aft] describ+ a rural /ation1 8 wait+ = ! tra91 its appe>ance :5 x arrives1 ! companions ( 8 j\rney1 & s on1 is wreck$1 & sp5ds ! night on a log ) an old f>m]1 :o sp9s him a dome/ic y>n t has no?+ to d ) :at w5t be=e4 ,:y n give ! tale direct1 9 ! "* ( ! old f>m]8 ,!re is no law aga9/ t4#cc ,?is practice is due to ! fact t amateurs usually beg9 by writ+ /rictly true /ories1 & !y always consid] x ( prime importance t !y _h ! tale f gr&mo!r1 or t x actually occurr$ to ,john's wife's second c\s9's great aunt2 =gett+1 9 _! unconsci\s egotism1 t ! read] c>es only = ! n>rative1 & no?+ = ! n>rator4 ,/ories told to int]e/$ li/5]s by gr&ma1 an old hunt]1 or "s loquaci\s /rang]1 usually ne$ to be s revis$ t ! intrusive relat] w disappe>1 m]g$ 9 ! unobtrusive au?or4 ,inde$1 x is policy s to revise !m1 = ! editor usually consid]s ! au?or :o beg9s ?us too amateuri% = him3 ,y\r turn n[1 ,capta91 0 ! exclamation ( sev]al g5tlem5 :o 7 seat$ ar\nd a table1 tell+ /ories1 n>rat+ adv5tures1 play+ c>ds & dr9k+ ea* o!rs' heal?s4 ,:at w y h1 g5tlem58 inquir$ ,capta9 ,r----1 a tall1 h&some man ( middle age1 :o _h be5 9 comm& ( a l>ge ocean /eam] _m ye>s4 ,oh1 "o ( y\r adv5tures1 said "o ( ! p>ty2 = surely y mu/ h _h "s4 ,ah1 v well1 g5tlem5--,i rememb] "o t w no d\bt int]e/ y2 "h x is3 ,= at ! outset he kn[s1 & he kn[s t 8 read]s w "k1 t ! tale ends ?us3 ,s ends my /ory1 g5tlem52 n[ let u h a dr9k to ! heal? ( ! "y sailor's wife1 ! de>e/ woman 9 ! _w4 ,& :y n ! sailor's heal?1 too8 ask$ "o ( ! g5tlem54 ,all "r1 sir1 j z y please1 g5tlem51 = ,i 0 t sailor4 & t ! int]v5+ /ory is apt to be e :it z /ale & conv5tional z its beg9n+ & its end4 ,irv+'s ,tales ( a ,travell] %[ h[ ?is me?od may be us$ successfully2 yet x requir$ all ( ,irv+'s art to make ! extra-n>rative passages readable1 & x is an op5 "q if ! /ories w\ld n h be5 improv$ by isolation4 ,! be/ me?od ( n>ration1 ! simple/ & mo/ natural1 is to tell ! /ory 9 ! ?ird p]son1 z if y 7 a passive obs]v]2 to make ! *>act]s active & conv]sational2 & to p]mit no?+1 n ev5 y\r own p]sonality1 to get betwe5 ! read] & ! /ory4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ca3 ,! ,%ort ,/ory1 by ,fr$]ick ,w$more4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,m>41 '#ih4 ,footnote #cb3 ,! ,epi/ol>y ,=m4 ,lit]ature4 ,apr4 #g1 '#ii4 ,footnote #cc3 ,magaz9e ,fiction & ,h[ ,n to ,write ,x1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,nov41 '#id4 ,,viii ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,! crucial te/ ( ! %ort /ory is ! mann] 9 :i* x beg9s4 ,( ?ree-f\r?s ( ! ,,mss4 submitt$ to him ! editor seldom reads m ?an ! fir/ page1 = he has le>n$ by exp]i5ce t if ! /ory lacks int]e/ !re1 x w 9 all probability be lack+ ?r\gh\t4 ,!re=e x behooves y to make ! beg9n+ z attractive & correct z possible4 ,! beg9n+ ( a good %ort /ory w seldom comprise m ?an two or ?ree p>agraphs1 & (t5 x c be compress$ into "o4 ,if x _c get to ! /ory prop] 9 t space !re is some?+ radically wrong--probably 9 ! plot2 = ! conv5tional brevity ( ! %ort /ory requires p>ticul> concis5ess 9 ! introduction4 ,9 e /ory !re are c]ta9 f\ndation facts t mu/ be und]/ood by ! read] at ! outset if he w\ld foll[ ! n>rative easily4 ,^! basic tru?s diff] greatly 9 diff]5t /ories1 s t x is difficult to give a complete li/2 b !y are usually su* details z ! "t & sc5e ( ! /ory1 ! names1 descriptions1 *>act]i/ics1 & relation%ips ( ! diff]5t *>act]s1 & ! relation ( ev5ts prior to ! /ory t may influ5ce its developm5t4 ,y mu/ make sure t ! details :i* y select are fundam5tal & t !y d h a def9ite influ5ce :i* requires "s k ( !m4 ,any or all ( ^! facts1 h[ev]1 may be introduc$ lat] 9 ! n>rative :5 _! ne$ appe>s2 or !y may be left 9 abeyance to enhance ! elem5t ( susp5se or my/]y4 ,b because !y are necess>y ^! facts ne$ n be li/$ & ticket$ l ! dramatis p]sonae ( a play bill4 ,!y %\ld be introduc$ s deftly t ! read] w compreh5d !m involunt>ily2 !y mu/ seem an intr9sic "p ( ! w>p & wo( ( ! n>rative4 ,9 !mselves !y are commonplaces1 tol]at$ only because !y are necess>y2 & if !y _c be made int]e/+ !y c at lea/ be made unobtrusive4 ,to beg9 a /ory ?us is to make a false />t t may prove fatal3 ,?is happy family consi/$ ( six2 a fa!r1 "m1 two sons1 & two daught]s4 ,cl>a1 ! elde/1 _h complet$ a c\rse at college1 & dur+ ! pa/ few mon?s _h be5 complet+ "o 9 cook+1 guid$ & in/ruct$ by h] "m4 ,bessie1 ! y\nge/1 0 five ye>s old4 ,%e sat rock+ ,am&a1 h] new doll1 & 0 ask+ h] all mann] ( que/ions4 ,john & ,h5ry1 ag$ respectively t5 & f\rte5 ye>s1 7 help+ _! fa!r4 ,gr&ma & gr&pa 7 expect$ to d9n]2 also ,mr4 ,draco1 or ,h>ry1 z e "o call$ him4 ,he 0 a fri5d ( ! family's1 & ,cl>a's lov]4 ,note h[ ,haw?orne h&les a v simil> family gr\p 9 ! initial p>agraph ( ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/4 ,he ins]ts 8 details )\t app>5t ef=t2 & yet he makes ! p]sons individual & di/9ct4 ,he does n say3 ,?is family 0 happy1 & compris$ fa!r1 "m1 gr&mo!r1 daught] ( sev5te51 & y\ng] *ildr54 b3 ,! faces ( ! fa!r & "m _h a sob] gladness2 ! *ildr5 laugh$4 ,! elde/ daught] 0 ! image ( ,happ9ess at sev5te51 & ! ag$ gr&mo!r1 :o 0 knitt+ 9 ! w>me/ place1 0 ! image ( ,happ9ess gr[n old4 ,sometimes1 9 /ories :i* consi/ l>gely ( conv]sation1 z s _m ( our mod]n /ories d1 ! au?or nev] directly /ates ! situation to ! read]3 x is made suffici5tly pla9 ei!r directly 9 ! conv]sation itself1 or indirectly 9 ! necess>y comm5ts & descriptions4 ,or x may be pres5t$ z a retrospect indulg$ 9 by "o ( ! *>act]s4 ,on ! /age ?is takes ! =m ( a soliloquy2 b s9ce few m5 9 _! "r m9ds really ?9k al\d1 9 ! %ort /ory x is bett] = ! au?or to imag9e su* ?\ghts runn+ ?r\gh ! m9d ( ! "*1 & to reproduce !m z indirect disc\rse4 ,we are s us$ to consid] ! au?or z omnisci5t t we exp]i5ce no surprise or incr$ulity at su* m9d-read+4 ,su* /ories approa* v ne>ly to ! pure ,dramatic ,=m4 ,^! are at once ! mo/ natural & ! mo/ arti/ic me?ods ( introduc+ ess5tial facts1 & !y are me?ods :i* c be advantage\sly employ$ to "s ext5t 9 almo/ any /ory4 ,) ?is me?od 9 m9d read c>efully any "o ( ,hope's ,dolly ,dialogue /ories & note h[ clev]ly ! facts are pres5t$ ?r\gh ! words & actions ( ! *>act]s4 ,9 ! novel ess5tial details are frequ5tly held 9 susp5se = "s "t1 9 ord] t ! op5+ pages may be made attractive by ! introduction ( sm>t conv]sation or rapid action4 ,a simil> me?od is (t5 foll[$ 9 ! %ort /ory1 & x _c be condemn$ (fh&1 = if us$ skillfully x is a clev] & legitimate device = imm$iately fix+ ! read]'s att5tion2 b x holds dang] = ! un9itiat$1 = ! amateur is liable to po/pone ! introduction ( ! details until ! /ory is hopelessly obscure1 or until he is r$uc$ to dragg+ 9 ^? ess5tial facts 9 ! balde/ mann]4 ,ev5 if he is o!rwise successful1 he runs ! risk ( de/roy+ ! proportion ( 8 /ory by practically beg9n+ x 9 ! middle & endeavor+ to g bo? ways at once4 ,! conv5tions ( ! %ort /ory all[ ( little space = ! retrospection necess>y to su* an introduction2 & :5 ! writ] beg9s to say1 ,b fir/ let me expla9 h[ all ?is came ab\t1 ! read] beg9s to yawn1 & ! *>m ( ! op5+ s5t5ces is =gott5 9 ! dre>9ess ( ! ensu+ explanations4 ,?is me?od is ( ! mod]n s*ool ( %ort /ory writ]s1 b ,haw?orne1 9 ,! ,prophetic ,pictures1 gives u an excell5t example ( h[ x may be us$ to advantage2 & ! foll[+ well illu/rates ! absurd l5g?s to :i* x may be c>ri$1 & ! desp]ate means to :i* ! writ] mu/ !n resort to pat* up ! brok5 ?read ( ! n>rative3 ,joseph ,johnson 0 a "y man ^: "n appe>$ 9 ! li/ ( ! dead h]oes :o _h fall5 at ,santiago4 ,:5 ,mamie ,williams read ! />tl+ fact1 h] eyes fill$ ) te>s1 z pa/ hi/ory 0 unfold+ itself 9 h] m9d1 pres5t+ "o ev5t aft] ano!r4 ,%e ?\ght ab\t _! e>ly love1 h[ %e _h clasp$ 8 h& & h[ 8 lips l+]$ long ^u h]s :5 la/ !y p>t$ be=e he />t$ to ! cruel w>4 ,) a w\nd$ he>t & te>-/a9$ eyes1 %e sank into a *air1 & ) h] h&s ov] h] face1 _m reflections ( ! pa/ *as$ ea* o!r ?r\gh h] m9d4 ,%e tri$ to console h]self & smoo? out ! wr9kles 9 h] tr\bl$ m9d ) ! ?\ght t ,god kn[s & does all ?+s well4 ,%e 0 an intellig5t girl1 & reason$ f>!r ) h]self1 ,z all hope = ,joseph has fl$1 ,i ought to m>ry "s "o else1 & make mo/ ( :at ,i h4 ,!re is ,?omas ,malloy1 :o loves me almo/ z well2 h[ev]1 my affection = him is n v great1 b ,i ?9k ,i %all unite my life ) 81 & d my be/ to make myself & ! _w ar\nd me happy4 ,h] m9d1 mov$ by an emotion ( a noble he>t1 caus$ h] to make ! la/ rem>k4 ,soon !y 7 m>ri$1 b !re 0 no happ9ess 9 life = h]2 = ! "o %e liv$ = 0 gone1 & _h c>ri$ (f h] affection ) him4 ,return+ to ! w> we f9d t ,joseph 0 n kill$ 9 ! battle b 0 tak5 prison] by ! enemy4 ,!re is a que/ionable sort ( beg9n+1 :i* might be call$ dilatory1 t consi/s 9 c>ry+ ! lit]>y aspect ( ! ess5tial facts to ! extreme1 & mak+ !m occupy a deal m valuable space ?an is rightly !irs4 ,?is is g5]ally ! me?od ( a pa/ s*ool ( %ort /ory writ]s1 or ( ! writ]s ( to-day :o are n yet well v]s$ 9 ! te*nique ( _! art4 ,( ?is class ,wa%+ton ,irv+ is a great example4 ,9 ,rip ,van ,w9kle & ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[ he devotes to ! introduction almo/ z mu* space z a writ] to-day w\ld give to ! :ole tale4 ,he is s skillful 9 g5tly urg+ ! n>rative along1 :ile he introduces new ess5tials & int]polates lit]>y b non-ess5tial matt]1 t 9 nei!r /ory c "o exactly fix ! b\nds ( ! beg9n+2 b 9 ea* a mod]n /ory tell] w\ld comb9e ! fir/ t5 p>agraphs into "o introductory p>agraph4 ,i d n mean to say t ?is is a fault 9 ,irv+3 if x is a fault at all x belongs to 8 "t2 !n1 too1 ^! tales 7 suppos$ to be writt5 by ! g>rul\s antiqu>ian1 ,di$ri* ,knick]bock]2 b _! discursive /yle is n 9 vogue to-day1 & is !re=e to be avoid$4 ,z an awful example ( ! ext5t to :i* ?is dilly-dally+ may be c>ri$1 let me introduce ! foll[+3 ,! tra9 roll$ onw>d ) a spe$ ( tw5ty-five miles an h\r1 ! great iron eng9e puff+ & scree*+ z if its v sides w\ld bur/4 ,9 ! re> c> ( ! six coa*es :i* seem$ to foll[ ! mon/r\s iron horse ) dizzy spe$1 sat an ag$ man hold+ a pretty *ild ( f\r summ]s1 :o 0 fa/ asleep4 ,! gr&fa!r gaz$ on ! sleep+ face & deeply sigh$4 ,8 ?\ghts return$ to ! long ago :5 8 only *ild 0 ! same age z ! little "o he held s fondly clasp$ 9 8 de> old arms4 ,he ?\ght h[ ye>s ago he _h held 8 own d>l+ ?us2 h[ happy & bright 8 home _h be5 9 ^? sweet bygone days4 ,he recall$ h[ %e _h be5 re>$ 9 a home ( pl5ty1 h[ %e _h ev]y?+ :i* con/itutes ! happ9ess ( a "y girl4 ,! ,/ory4 ,! "t 0 a w>m summ] ev5+ 9 ,augu/1 ! place "o ( ^? quiet little t[ns we/ ( ! great ,mississippi1 & ! sc5e op5s 9 a neat little p>lor :]e a numb] ( "y folks _h ga!r$ to t5d] a fitt+ reception to a newly m>ri$ c\ple4 ,a few days previ\s a /rang] _h arriv$ 9 ! t[n to visit "s =m] fri5ds2 ^! fri5ds att5d$ ! reception & 7 accompani$ by _! gue/4 ,! /rang] 0 =mally introduc$ to ! cr[d ( m]ry-mak]s z ,elm] ,*>le/on4 ,he 0 a tall1 spl5didly =m$1 intellig5t look+ "y man4 ,among ! "y wom5 pres5t 0 "o ,j5nie ,%elby1 :o 0 b little m ?an tw5ty2 %e 0 a blonde1 ( graceful figure1 ) a peculi>ly animat$ expression ( c\nt5ance4 ,h] complexion 0 beautiful1 h] dimples deep & mis*iev\s1 h] l>ge blue eyes full ( lat5t fire1 & h] features w\ld pass mu/] among sculptors4 ,suitors _h %e by ! score4 ,at la/ %e _h met h] fate4 ,elm] ,*>le/on accept$ a position 9 ! t[n & at once began to c\rt ! only daught] ( ,squire ,%elby4 ,x seems almo/ incr$ible t any writ]1 h[ev] inexp]i5c$1 %\ld beg9 8 n>rative 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,! introductory p>agraph is ( c\rse entirely unnecess>y--ev5 ! au?or _h "s inkl+ ( t fact1 = he takes pa9s to specify :5 ! /ory prop] actually beg9s2 b ev5 aft] he is suppos$ to be 9 ! mid/ ( 8 n>ration1 he /ops to give u :olly gratuit\s in=mation conc]n+ ! "t ( day1 ! /ate ( ! wea!r1 & ! occasion :5 ,elm] ,*>le/on fir/ met ,j5nie ,%elby--all ( :i* 0 app>5tly introduc$ = ! purpose ( disc\rag+ fur!r int]e/3 at lea/1 t is :at x c]ta9ly accompli%es4 ,! %ort /ory has no space = ! glitt]+ g5]alities ) :i* "y writ]s delight to preface _! "w4 ,a tale :i* requires a page or ev5 a p>agraph to elucidate its relation to life & ?+s 9 g5]al is seldom wor? ! p]usal1 mu* less ! writ+4 ,^! introductory rem>ks are usually 9 ! nature ( a moral1 or a bit ( philosophiz+2 b if ! /ory has any po9t x w be evid5t 9 ! n>rative itself1 & no prelim9>y explanation w atone = lat] neglect to make x ( human int]e/4 ,!re is no good reason1 unless x be ! p]v]sity ( human nature1 :y y %\ld beg9 a /ory by mak+ trite rem>ks ab\t ?+s 9 g5]al1 z ?is writ] did3 ,love is a v small ^w1 b ! feel+ t x expresses be>s ! ri*e/ & *oice/ fruit ( any v9e t curls its cl++ t5drils ar\nd ! human he>t4 ,& a bosom )\t x is a bosom )\t w>m?2 a life )\t x is l a honeysuckle )\t its nect>2 a he>t t has nev] felt its sweet emotions is l a rosebud t has nev] unfold$4 ,b 9 "s p x rema9s lat5t = a numb] ( ye>s1 l an apple :i* rema9s gre5 & h>d = a "t1 b sudd5ly rip5s into s(tness1 s :5 love fla%es into ! human brea/1 ! once h>d he>t is *ang$ into mell[ness4 ,m>y ,gre5 0 j su* a "* z ! "o la/ describ$1 etc4 ,x w\ld be wrong1 h[ev]1 to say t ! prefatory introduction is ! sign ( a poor /ory1 = _m good writ]s produce su* /ories1 & _m critical editors accept & publi% !m4 ,a l>ge majority ( ,poe's tales beg9s s2 yet 9 ne>ly e case ! beg9n+ c\ld h be5 cut & ! /ory improv$4 ,kipl+1 too1 has a lik+ = ?is me?od ( beg9n+2 usually he /ates 8 ab/ract idea1 z a prea*] ann\nces 8 text1 & !n proce$s to make ! practical application4 ,) ^! ma/]s ! transition f ! g5]al to ! specific is usually easy & gradual1 b 9 ! foll[+ example f ,kipl+'s ,on ! ,/r5g? ( a ,lik5ess ! l9e ( dem>cation is well def9$3 ,next to a requit$ atta*m5t1 "o ( ! mo/ conv5i5t ?+s t a "y man c c>ry ab\t ) him at ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] is an unrequit$ atta*m5t4 ,x makes him feel important & bus9ess-l1 & blas1 & cynical2 & :5ev] he has a t\* ( liv]1 or suff]s f want ( ex]cise1 he c m\rn ov] 8 lo/ love1 & be v happy 9 a t5d]1 twilight fa%ion4 ,hannasyde's affair ( ! he>t _h be5 a gods5d to him4 ,x 0 f\r ye>s old1 etc4 ,!re is no real abruptness "h1 & ! au?or's obs]vations are apt & s\nd2 b ! fact rema9s t !y are n ess5tial & s a /rict obs]vance ( conv5tions requires _! elim9ation4 ,! backgr\nd ( a /ory %\ld always be ! la/ ?+ to be *os51 b x is ! fir/ ?+ to consid] :5 "o comes to actual writ+ out4 ,a /ory is mu* l a pa9t+4444 ,9 /ory writ+ x appe>s to be simple portraits t ne$ lea/ backgr\nd4#cd ,sc5es may play an important "p 9 a /ory by influ5c+ ! actors or by (f]+ a contra/ to ! ev5ts2 9 su* cases !y mu/ be made specific1 b r aft] ! broad free mann] ( ! impressioni/4 ,! employm5t ( ! contra/ or h>mony ( man & nature is "o ( ! olde/ devices ( /ory tell+1 b also "o ( ! mo/ arti/ic & effective4 ,x is n an artificial device1 ?\gh x occasionally appe>s s f its misuse3 x is a fact t all ( u mu/ h exp]i5c$ 9 "s degree1 = we are all1 ?\gh (t5 unconsci\sly1 influ5c$ by ! wea!r or by our environm5ts2 & ?\gh our emotions may be s int5se z to c\nt]act t influ5ce1 we are suffici5tly self-c5t]$ to ?9k x /range t all nature %\ld n be 9 h>mony ) u4 ,y %\ld1 h[ev]1 take c>e t ! sc5e is important be=e y attempt to pres5t x4 ,unless x does influ5ce ! action ( ! /ory or is necess>y = ! und]/&+ ( :at is to come x has no place 9 ! n>rative1 no matt] h[ great may be its beauties or h[ arti/ic y\r description ( !m4 ,above all ?+s1 nev] clutt] y\r /ory ) commonplaces & details :i* w\ld s]ve to picture any "o ( a hundr$ diff]5t places4 ,:5 a tale beg9s1 ',! gold5 orb ( day 0 sl[ly s9k+ among ! hills1 %$d+ an effulg5t glory ov] ! di/ant l&scape1' ! disc]n+ read]1 :e!r (ficial or volunte]1 is apt to pause "r !re4 ,he kn[s exactly :at happ5s :5 ! orb ( day f9ds x "t to disappe>1 & he does n c>e = y\r f9e language unless x conveys a fact or an idea wor? not+4#ce ,! be/ me?od ( proc$ure is to sugge/ ! sc5e1 z y d ! "*1#cf by ! few specific features :i* di/+ui% x f o!r simil> sc5es1 & to p]mit ! read]'s imag9ation to fill 9 ! details4 ,haw?orne gives a v di/9ct idea ( ! sett+ ( ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/2 & yet1 f 8 description alone1 no two p]sons w\ld draw ! same picture4 ,x suffices t !y w\ld all possess ! ess5tial elem5ts ( lonel9ess1 bleakness & haunt+ t]ror4 ,at ! same "t he effects a %>p contra/ betwe5 ! wildness & discom=ts ( ! night & ! peace & *e] ( ! tav]n4 ,9 locat+ ! /ory x is absurdly %iftless to designate ! place by a da% or a s+le lett]1 or a comb9ation ( ! two4 ,"o ( y\r fir/ objects is to make y\r /ory vivid1 & y w n fur!r t end by ! use ( impossible or indef9ite sub/itutes = names4 ,if y are relat+ a true /ory & desire to disguise x1 adopt or inv5t "s appellation diff]5t en\gh to avoid detection2 b nev] be s fooli% z to say3 ,! /ory ,i am ab\t to relate occurr$ to my fri5d ,x41 9 ! little village ( ,z----1 dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! ye> #ah--4 ,x w\ld be j z s5sible to g ?r\gh ! re/ ( ! /ory & sub/itute blanks or hi]oglyphics = ! important words4 ,specificness 9 m9or details is a great aid to vividness1 & y _c af=d to miss t desirable quality ?r\gh %e] laz9ess4 ,! safe/ way to beg9 a /ory is to beg9 at ! beg9n+1 /ate ! necess>y facts z succ9ctly z possible1 & lead ! read] into ! quick ( ! action be=e he has _h "t to become we>y4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! object ( ! %ort /ory is always to amuse1 & t ev5 9 ! introductory p>agraphs ! read] mu/ be int]e/$4 ,if he is n he w v likely ca/ ! /ory aside z dry & dull2 if he does read x ?r\gh he w be prejudic$ at ! outset1 s t ! result w be ab\t ! same4 ,9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ ! introduction occupies #a-d1 or "o-elev5? ( ! entire /ory1 measur$ by p>agraphs4 ,9 t space ,haw?orne locates ! sc5e1 introduces & individualizes ! *>act]s1 det]m9es ! atmosph]e ( ! tale1 & rec\nts ! necess>y prelim9>ies2 & all ?is he does 9 ! easie/ way1 :ile skillfully lead+ up to ! /ory prop]4 ,a writ] ( to-day w\ld probably cond5se ^! f\r p>agraphs into "o1 )\t neglect+ any ess5tials2 b he w\ld h>dly atta9 ! lit]>y f9i% ( ,haw?orne's "w4 ,to prove fur!r t ! beg9n+ ( a /ory does influ5ce its success1 ,i w\ld ask y to consid] ! foll[+1 :i* is typical ( ! /yle ( introduction mo/ affect$ by ! novice3 ,x 0 a bright1 crisp1 twilight ev5+1 & two "y girls sat toge!r 9 a ri*ly furni%$ p>lor ( a spl5did c\ntry h\se4 ,"o1 tall & sl5d]1 ) a ri*ly m\ld$ figure2 h&some brunette features1 & rav5 tresses--,edi? ,la+s=d1 ! daught] ( ! h\se2 ! o!r1 a girl ( m$ium height1 ) a figure p]fectly r\nd$1 & a fair ,grecian face4 ,h] eyes 7 ( a s(t gray1 & h] hair a wav+ *e/nut4 ,%e 0 ,m>ion ,lel&1 a dep5d5t c\s9 ( ,miss ,la+s=d's4 ,n[1 frankly1 d y c>e to read fur!r8 ,surely !re is no?+ 9 ! glimpse ( ! plot "h pres5t$ t enc\rages y to hope t ! tale may improve ^u fur!r p]usal4 ,f ^! ?ree p>agraphs y c con/ruct ! :ole /ory3 y "k t ! dep5d5t c\s9 & ! girl ) ! h&some brunette features w be rivals = ! affections ( "s nice "y man ( correspond+ conv5tionality1 & t ! poor relation w f9ally w9 him--*iefly because x always happ5s s 9 /ories & seldom 9 real life4 ,& y "k f ^! specim5 p>agraphs t !re w be no?+ 9 ! h&l+ ( ?is poor old hackney$ plot t w repay its p]usal4 ,( c\rse !re is always a *ance t y may be mi/ak5 9 y\r surmises2 b ! *ance is too slight1 & y ca/ ! /ory aside ) a yawn1 ev5 z ! editor w\ld d4 ,see to x1 !n1 t y\r own /ories d n des]ve l treatm5t4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #cd3 ,h[ to ,write ,fiction4 ,publi%$ anonym\sly by ,bellaires ,co41 ,london4 ,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,footnote #ce3 ,magaz9e ,fiction & ,h[ ,n to ,write ,x1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,nov41 '#id4 ,footnote #cf3 ,see ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,ix ,,! ,,/ory ,,prop] ,! correct %ort /ory possesses unity ( =m z well z unity ( plot4 ,9 ! novel !re may be wide gaps ( "t & sc5e betwe5 adjac5t *apt]s2 b ! %ort /ory all[s ( no su* *asms ( ?\ght1 mu* less ( *apt]s4 ,p>ts or *apt]s 9 a %ort /ory are uncanonical4 ,a %ort /ory is ess5tially a unit1 & ! necessity ( divisions indicates ! use ( a plot t belongs to "s l>g] =m ( lit]ature2 b ! indicat$ p>ts or *apt]s may be false divisions introduc$ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! conv5tions ( ! novel4 ,! v>i\s divisional signs to be avoid$ are ! sep>ate entries or lett]s ( ! di>y or epi/ol>y =ms1 ! introduction ( />s or blank spaces to indicate a hiatus1 & ! division ( ! n>rative into p>ts or *apt]s4 ,! evils ( ! di>y & epi/ol>y =ms h already be5 discuss$ & ne$ no fur!r comm5t4 ,! use ( />s or spaces ei!r is due to an improp] plot1 or is entirely unnecess>y4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! fault is radical1 & ! only rem$y is complete recon/ruction2 9 ! second case ! difficulty resolves itself into an ignorance or a disreg>d ( rhetorical conv5tions4 ,(t5 ! /ory is delib]ately divid$ & =c$ to appe> 9 sev]al *apt]s :5 its plot & treatm5t make its unity v evid5t2 & solely because ! amateur has an idea1 caught f 8 novel read+1 t su* divisions are ess5tial to a well told /ory4 ,!y are n necess>y to _m novels1 ?\gh !y may be conv5i5t2 & !y h no place 9 ! s*eme ( ! %ort /ory4 ,!re are /ories1 %ort at lea/ 9 l5g?1 9 :i* divisions are necess>y to indicate breaks :i* d n s]i\sly int]rupt ! coh]5cy ( ! n>rative2 !y may be readable /ories1 b !y c nev] be models4 ,! ideal %ort /ory1 f ! po9t ( unity1 is "o :i* requires ! passage ( ! lea/ "t & pres5ts ! fewe/ sep>ate incid5ts4 ,x is ! relation ( a s+le isolat$ incid5t1 :i* occupies only ! "t requir$ to tell x4 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ impresses ! read] z a s+le incid5t & w\ld seem to approa* ?is p]fection1 b a c>eful analysis ( x resolves x into a numb] ( m9or incid5ts1 s closely relat$ & connect$ t at fir/ glance !y appe> to =m a p]fect :ole4 ,! compon5t incid5ts ( ! body ( ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ 7 #e-ci7 are3 #e-g4 ,! /rang] praises ! fire & reveals 8 de/9ation4 #h1 #i4 ,a /one rolls d[n ! m\nta9 side4 7,lapse ( "t indicat$ "h47 #aj1 #aa4 ,! *>act]s are describ$1 z !y reveal !mselves ?r\gh _! conv]sation4 #ab-bc4 ,!y conv]se r frankly ( _! sev]al ambitions4 #bd-bg4 ,a wagon /ops be=e ! inn1 b goes on :5 ! l&lord does n imm$iately appe>4 #bh-ca4 ,a t\* ( s5tim5tal byplay betwe5 ! /rang] & ! maid4 #cb4 ,a sadness creeps ov] ! company1 caus$1 p]haps1 by ! w9d wail+ )\t4 #cc-ci4 ,! gr&mo!r discusses h] dea? & burial4 ,none ( ^! incid5ts1 except ^? conta9+ ! roll+ /one & ! pass+ travel]s1 possess suffici5t action or id5tity to be call$ an incid5t1 except = "s su* analytical purpose4 ,!y are r *anges 9 ! subject "u discussion ?an sep>ate happ5+s4 ,) ! exception already not$1 x may be said t !re is no "t gap betwe5 ^! incid5ts1 = ea* "o beg9s at ! expiration ( its pr$ecessor4 ,! connection & relation ( ! sub-incid5ts is n always z close z ?is4 ,9 a long] /ory !y c\ld be m di/9ct & def9ite & yet pres]ve ! unity ( ! "w2 b !y %\ld nev] dis9tegrate into m9or climaxes1#cg nor into su* a j]ky succession ( disassociat$ sc5es z ! foll[+3 ,on a fair sweet spr+ morn+ 9 ! lovely mon? ( ,may1 ,squire ,d>ley f9i%es an important lett]4 ,he reads x ov] ! second "t to see t !re is no mi/ake4 ,!re1 t'll d1 ,i ?9k1 he soliloquizes4 ,& t'll fet* him1 ,i ?9k4 ,peculi> diseases require peculi> rem$ies4 ,& he *uckl$ to himself4 ,!n ) delib]ate c>e he address$ x to ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,d>ley1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,a few words to my read]1 & we w !n foll[ ?is important lett]4 ,five ye>s be=e ! "t ( :i* we write1 ,abn] ,vanclief1 a poor b honorable g5tleman1 _h di$1 leav+ 8 mo!rless daught] to ! sole c>e ( 8 lifelong fri5d1 ,horace ,d>ley1 a weal?y c\ntry g5tleman1 a wid[]1 ) only "o son4 ,squire ,d>ley 0 q at a loss to "k :at to d ) ?is1 8 new *>ge4 ,he did n ?9k x fit & prop] to take h] to ,d>ley ,dale1 ) only himself & s]vants z companions4 ,!n1 too1 %e 0 sadly 9 ne$ ( s*ool+4 ,at la/ aft] mu* worry on 8 "p1 x 0 satisfactorily arrang$ betwe5 himself & a maid5 si/]1 t resid$ 9 ,albany1 t ,violet 0 to rema9 ) h]1 att5d ! be/ college1 pay /rict att5tion to h] /udies & music1 & :5 h] education %\ld be complet$1 %e1 if %e wi%$1 0 to make ,d>ley ,dale h] future home4 ,f\r ye>s pass$ swiftly by1 & !n ,de> ,aunt ,molly1 z ,violet _h le>n$ to call h]1 0 tak5 viol5tly ill2 & be=e h] bro!r came h] sweet _s _h fl[n away & poor ,violet 0 aga9 alone4 ,b aft] %e became fairly in/all$ z mi/ress at ,d>ley ,dale1 %e soon le>n$ to love ! place & also to love ! de> old man t _h be5 to h] s /aun* a fri5d4 ,z = 8 son ,h>ley1 %e _h he>d 8 praises sung f morn+ until night4 ,%e _h nev] se5 him1 = at ! "t ( h] fa!r's dea? he 0 att5d+ college1 & be=e %e return$ to ,d>ley ,dale he _h hi$ himself (f to ,new ,york ,city1 !re to op5 a law (fice & decl>e t 8 future home4 ,_m times ! ,squire _h writt5 him besee*+ him to return1 b always met ) a c\rte\s refusal4 ,:5 ,violet _h be5 at ,d>ley ,dale a ye> %e 0 surpris$ beyond measure by an (f] ( m>riage f ,squire ,d>ley4 ,he _h enl>g$ ^u ! fact t 8 son 0 a mo/ ob/9ate "y man1 t he himself 0 gr[+ old1 & t he wi%$ to see h] well c>$ = be=e he di$4 ,%e _h assur$ him t %e c\ld "w1 & t %e 0 will+ to "w :5 ! "t came1 b ! old ,squire prov$ himself to be z ob/9ate z 8 wilful son4 ,& at la/ ,violet1 ) a :ite drawn face1 & d>k fright5$ eyes1 cons5t$ to become 8 wife at "s future "t4 ,& ! lett] address$ to ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,d>ley conta9$ ! ann\ncem5t ( ! engagem5t ( ,squire ,horace to ,miss ,violet ,vanclief4 ,x is seldom t ev5 a model %ort /ory plot w be a p]fect unit1 = 9 ! /ory1 z 9 ! life :i* x pictures1 "s slight *ange ( sc5e & "s little passage ( "t are inevitable4 ,?us 9 any %ort /ory !re is usually a slight hiatus ( ?\ght1 due to ^! causes1 :i* mu/ be bridg$ ov]4 ,! tyro w span ! *asm by means ( />s or "s su* arbitr>y signs1 b ! ma/] w calmly ignore su* gaps & pres]ve ! unity ( 8 n>rative s deftly t ev5 ! l9es ( ! dovetail+ w be sc>cely visible4 ,?us 9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ 7 #i1 #aj7 ,haw?orne _h ne$ to indicate ! passage ( "s little "t1 dur+ :i* ! gue/ _h 8 supp]2 b ! brea* is pass$ 9 s matt]-(-fact a mann] t !re is no jolt1 & yet ! s5se ( "t is secur$3 ,let u n[ suppose ! /rang] to h f9i%$ 8 supp] ( be>'s meat1 & by 8 natural felicity ( mann] to h plac$ himself on a foot+ ( k9dness ) ! :ole family2 s t !y talk$ z freely toge!r z if he belong$ to _! m\nta9-brood4 ,:5 ! plot comprises a s]ies ( closely relat$ episodes ! /ory %\ld be locat$ 9 ! "t ( ! mo/ important "o1 & all necess>y prelim9>y matt] %\ld be introduc$ z briefly & casually z possible 9 "o ( ! sev]al ways already giv54#ch ,inde$1 ! :ole difficulty is usually due to a poor beg9n+1 & prop]ly belongs to ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,next to ! use ( divisions comes ! error1 also caught f ! novel1 ( mak+ ! %ort /ory a c>ryall = div]s bits ( wisdom1 moraliz+1 description1 & lit]>y small talk1 :i* h no "p 9 ! n>rative1 b :i* ! clev] & self-appreciative au?or has n ! he>t to )hold f ! public4 ,! art ( omission is an important bran* ( ! art ( au?or%ip4 ,x is seldom necess>y to tell ! novice :at to put 92 b x is frequ5tly necess>y to tell him--& oh6 s h>d to p]suade him6--t to introduce an irrelevant idea is worse ?an to omit a necess>y detail4 ,! "y writ] mu/ le>n e>ly & le>n once = all ! absolute necessity = ! exclusion ( non-ess5tials4 ,selection ( details plays an important "p 9 any lit]>y "w1 b 9 ! %ort /ory extreme c>e is indisp5sable1 = ! %ort /ory has too little space to sacrifice any to pretty b useless phrases4 ,su* irrelevant matt] is usually call$ padd+1 & its pres5ce is a s]i\s detrim5t to ! success ( any /ory1 h[ev] clev] 9 conception4 ,"o ( ! *ief causes ( padd+ is ! desire = local color--a t]m by :i* we *>act]ize ^? details :i* are introduc$ to make a /ory seem to smack ( ! soil4 ,^! details mu/ be em95tly local & *>act]i/ic--possible ( application to only ! small community to :i* !y are ascrib$--or !y are m]e padd+4 ,! ne$ ( local color dep5ds mu* ^u ! "* ( ! /ory3 x v>ies f a d\btful addition to ! /ory ( +5uity or adv5ture1 to a necess>y "p ( ! /ory portray+ human life & "*4 ,)\t bl9dly indulg+ 9 local color "o mu/ be accurate 9 indicat+ facts4 ,a "w ( art mu/ n be cr[d$ ) s-call$ local color1 b c]ta9 facts mu/ be kn[n & us$ to give ! effect ( a true relation4444 ,! atmosph]e1 ! feel+ & idiosyncrasy--a ^w or a phrase :i* reveals "*--are ! only true local color1 n pass+ phrases ( unkempt spee*4#ci ,! /ories ( ,miss ,wilk9s1 ,octave ,?anet1 ,bret ,h>te1 & ,joel ,*&l] ,h>ris are full ( excell5t examples ( local color4 ,e p]fect %ort /ory w conta9 a /rong argum5t = good1 ?r\gh its subtle exposition ( ! e>n+ ( ! wages ( s91 b any attempt to make x a m$ium = ! spread+ ( e?ical & spiritual tru?s w entail ridicule ^u ! writ] & failure ^u 8 "w4 ,! only legitimate purpose ( ! %ort /ory is to amuse1 & didacticism 9 lit]ature is always in>ti/ic4 ,novels ) a purpose may f9d publi%]s & read]s2 b no "o1 except ! au?or1 c>es = polemic /ories--su* z set =? ! wick$ness ( ,free ,trade or ( ,protection1 ! ,wrongs ( ,labor & ! ,rights ( ,capital1 ! advantages ( "o sect ov] ano!r1 ! beauties ( ,deism1 ,agno/icism1 & o!r une/abli%$ t5ets4444 ,g5ius w triumph ov] mo/ ob/acles1 & art c sug>-coat an unwelcome pill2 b 9 n9ete5 cases out ( tw5ty ! /ory :i* cov]s an apology = "o doctr9e or an attack ^u ! o!r has no m *ance ?an if x 7 made up ( (f5sive p]sonalities4#dj ,?\gh ord9>y dramatic %ort /ories d n h a moral :i* %[s itself1 /ill "u ! surface 9 e /ory is some?+ :i* corresponds to ! moral1 & :i* we %all call ! s\l ( ! /ory4#da ,! %ort /ory _c prop]ly be a m]e s]mon1 su* z are s (t5 p5n$ "u ! caption ( ,! ,drunk>d's ,wife1 ,! ,orphan's ,pray]1 ,! ,wages ( ,s91 & o!r simil> titles4 ,x mu/ tea* its moral lesson 9 its own way--its arti/ic pres5tation ( ! great contra/ betwe5 ! sort ( m5 :o "w de$s ( nobility & ( %ame4 ,if x be saddl$ ) didacticism or tail$ ) a moral1 x ceases to be a /ory & becomes an argum5t2 :5 x no long] conc]ns u4 ,indirectly1 & p]haps un9t5tionally1 ! %ort /ory is a great factor = good4 ,! _w is we>y ( ! bald s]mons ( ! ,puritans1 & ( _! endeavor to po9t a tale by e ord9>y occurr5ce2 x is r incl9$ to a ,ph>isaical self-righte\sness2 & ne$s to h its s9s1 & ! practical b5efits ( goodness1 cunn+ly ins9uat$2 b x c nev] fail to admire & /rive to emulate ! noble de$s ( noble m51 :e!r creatures ( fle% or phantoms ( ! bra94 ,to be sure1 _m ( our be/ %ort /ories deal ) ev5ts s slight & really unimportant t !y might be said to h no moral influ5ce2 yet1 if !y simply provide u ) innoc5t amusem5t = an idle h\r1 _! e?ical value mu/ n be ov]look$2 & :5 !y d involve "s great moral "q or s\l crisis _! influ5ce is inv>iably on ! "r side4 ,! po9t is t religion is n lit]ature4 ,! m]e fact t ! h]o9e ( a /ory is a poor milk & wat] creature1 full ( bald platitudes & conv5tional righte\sness1 does n make t n>rative correct or readable2 inde$1 x is v apt to make x nei!r1 = ! platitudes w be irrelevant & ! righte\sness un9t]e/+4 ,:5 ?is old _w ( ours becomes really moral we may be cont5t to read s-call$ /ories 9 :i* goody-good *>act]s p>ade _! own virtues & int]l>d _! ord9>y spee* ) pray]s & hymns & scriptural quotations2 b :ile a ti! ( ! pres5t s9 & crime exi/s our fiction w reflect !m ) ! o!r phases ( our daily life4 ,n[ by ?is ,i d n at all mean t religion has no place 9 lit]ature4 ,su* a rul+ w\ld n only be contr>y to ! practice ( our be/ writ]s1 b w\ld also deprive u ( a recogniz$ & important elem5t 9 human life4 ,! religi\s influ5ce is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful to :i* man is subject1 & z x plays s great a "p 9 our lives x mu/ necess>ily figure l>gely 9 our /ories4 ,b x mu/ be treat$ !re because ( ! mann] 9 :i* x influ5ces human life & action1 & n f ! e?ical /&po9t3 x mu/ be made lit]ature & n religi\s dogmatism4 ,t x c be s treat$ & yet reta9 ! full /r5g? ( its p[] = good is be/ illu/rat$ 9 ! works ( ,miss ,wilk9s4 ,ne>ly e "o ( h] /ories possesses a /rong elem5t ( ,new ,engl& ,puritanism1 b !re is no attempt to prea* or moralize4 ,! %ort /ory mu/ be well proportion$3 ^? p>ts :i* are ess5tial diff] mat]ially 9 _! importance1 & !y mu/ be valu$ & h&l$ 9 accordance ) _! influ5ce ^u ! plot4 ,no sc5e1 h[ev] clev]ly done1 mu/ be all[$ to monopolize ! space ( ! /ory1 except 9 s f> z x is necess>y to an und]/&+ ( :at foll[s2 & no incid5t :i* fur!rs ! plot1 h[ev] trivial or ord9>y x may seem to y1 mu/ be slight$4 ,! pres]vation ( ! balance ( ! /ory is n :olly a matt] ( ! numb] ( words involv$3 (t5 a page ( idle *att] by ! *>act]s makes less impression on ! read] ?an a s+le t]se direct s5t5ce by ! au?or himself2 b 9 g5]al ! practice is to value ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! /ory by ! ^w space accord$ !m4 ,?is rule w n1 h[ev]1 hold good 9 ! case ( ! climax1 :i* is e/imat$ bo? by its position & by ! mann] 9 :i* x is work$ up to4 ,! /ory prop] is really only ! prep>ation = ! climax4 ,mo/ /ories dep5d = _! int]e/ ^u ! pleasure ) :i* we foll[ ! pr9cipal *>act]s ?r\gh v>i\s try+ episodes1 & ! great desire :i* we all exp]i5ce to "k h[ x all comes out4 ,x is ?is innate s5se1 :i* seems to be a phase ( curiosity1 t af=ds ! pleasure t ! av]age read] d]ives f fiction4 ,"o seldom /ops to consid] h[ a /ory is writt51 b judges x by its p[] to keep him absorb$ 9 ! =tunes ( its h]o & h]o9e4 ,?is is ! elem5t ( susp5se4 ,h[ev]1 !re f9ally comes a po9t :5 ! susp5se _c be long] cont9u$1 & ! /ra9$ att5tion ( ! read] is on ! v]ge ( collaps+ into indiff]5ce1 :5 ! curiosity mu/ be gratifi$ by at lea/ a p>tial revelation2 & s ! elem5t ( surprise ent]s4 ,too long a /ra9 on ! int]e/ is inv>iably fatal1 & ! ?+ is to "k :5 to relieve ! t5sion4 ,j :5 ?is relief %\ld occur dep5ds ^u ! plot & ! l5g? ( ! /ory1 s t ! "q mu/ be settl$ sep>ately = ea* p>ticul> case4 ,z has already be5 said1 ! plot ( a %ort /ory %\ld n be involv$2 yet x may be p]mitt$ "s degree ( complexity4 ,9 su* a case x is probable t !re mu/ be "s prelim9>y relief ( susp5se be=e ! f9al relief :i* ! climax (f]s4 ,h[ev]1 because ( ! usual simplicity ( ! plot1 ! l5g? ( ! /ory has great] influ5ce 9 regulat+ ! relief ( ! susp5se4 ,9 a /ory ( #c1jjj words or less !re is nei!r room nor necessity = any prelim9>y surprise1 & ! mo/ effective me?od is to )hold all h9ts at ! outcome until ! actual climax1 z ,haw?orne did 9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/4 ,b :5 ! /ory approa*es or exce$s #aj1jjj words x is probable t !re mu/ be "s less5+ ( ! t5sion previ\s to ! climax1 z 9 ,h5ry ,james' ,! ,lesson ( ! ,ma/]4 ,?is /ory1 :i* conta9s #be1jjj words1 is divid$ into six p>ts1 ea* repres5t+ a sep>ate sc5e 9 ! progress ( ! /ory2 & yet1 s skillful is ,james1 !re is no hiatus betwe5 ! p>ts1 & ! /ory z a :ole has unity ( impression4 ,at ! end ( ea* "p ! read] has made a def9ite advance t[>d ! po9t ( ! /ory1 ?r\gh ! prelim9>y relief ( susp5se af=d$ by t "p1 z a /udy ( ?is brief outl9e w %[3 ,i ,at ! end ,paul ,ov]t fir/ sees ,h5ry ,/4 ,george1 & ! read] receives a def9ite picture ( ! great au?or1 :o has hi!rto be5 only a "n4 ,,ii ,at ! end ! two meet1 & ! picture is giv5 life4 ,,iii ,all ?r\gh ?is division ,/4 ,george reveals to ,ov]t 8 real "*1 s t :5 ! end comes ,ov]t has a less exalt$ idea ( ! ma/] ?an t :i* he _h *]i%$4 ,,iv ,at ! end ,m>ion ,fanc\rt tells ,ov]t ( ,/4 ,george's decl>$ int5tion to cease visit+ h]4 ,?is relieves susp5se by mak+ ,ov]t's position t[>d h] m def9ite1 b also involves matt]s because ( ,/4 ,george's failure to give any good reason = 8 action4 ,v ,at ! end ,ov]t1 by ! advice ( ,/4 ,george1 sacrifices 9 ! cause ( true art all 8 natural desires = love & dome/ic joys4 ,,vi ,9 ! fir/ "p ,ov]t le>ns ( ,/4 ,george's engagem5t to ,miss ,fanc\rt4 ,at ! end ,/4 ,george tells ,ov]t t he has giv5 up writ+ to enjoy ^? v ?+s :i* he advis$ ,ov]t to r5\nce4 ,a /udy ( ?is outl9e w %[ y ! necessity1 9 ! case ( ?is /ory1 ( ^! prelim9>y reliefs ( ! susp5se4 ,x w\ld h be5 absurdly impossible to h tri$ to hold 9 abeyance until ! climax all ^! matt]s2 nor does ! solv+ ( any ( ^! m9or p]plexities at all less5 ! int]e/ 9 ! d5\em5t4 ,ea* bit ( in=mation comes out at ! prop] "t z a matt] ( c\rse1 j z x w\ld come to our k if we 7 obs]v+ a simil> drama 9 real life4 ,:5 ! outcome ( ! writ]'s me&]+s is f9ally reveal$1 x %\ld be a v]itable surprise--i4 e41 be unexpect$4 ,?is is a matt] t is r easily manag$1 = x is a poor plot t does n af=d at lea/ two settlem5ts--ei!r ! h]o9e m>ries ! h]o1 or %e m>ries ! villa92 & (t5 !re is a ?ird possibility1 t %e m>ries nei!r4 ,if he has provid$ a prop] plot1 ! au?or has b little to d ) mak+ ! surprise g5u9e1 & t little is r negative4 ,he op5s ! possibility ( ! h]o do+ any "o ( a numb] ( ?+s1 & he may ev5 give r broad h9ts1 b he %\ld take c>e nev] to give a clue to ! outcome ( ! /ory1 unless he purposely gives a mislead+ clue4 ,! mo/ arti/ic me?od is to make ^! h9ts progressive & culm9ative1 s t ?\gh ea* "o adds to ! k ( ! read]1 x is only :5 !y all culm9ate 9 ! climax t ! my/]y is completely solv$4 ,?is prep>ation = ! climax is "o ( ! mo/ delicate tasks requir$ ( ! %ort /ory writ]4 ,! climax mu/ seem ! logical result ( ev5ts & p]sonal *>act]i/ics already recit$4 ,if x is too />tl+ or unexpect$ x w be a /ra9 on ! cr$ulity ( ! read]1 & w be dubb$ unnatural2 = ?\gh fiction all[s great lic5se 9 ! employm5t ( /range p & situations1 x dem&s t !y be us$ ) "s reg>d = plausibility4 ,! end+ mu/ appe> inevitable--b its inevitabl5ess mu/ n be app>5t until ! end has come4 ,x is only aft] ! /ory has be5 read t ! read] %\ld be able to look back ?r\gh ! n>rative & pick out ! prep>atory t\*es4 ,!y mu/ h influ5c$ him :5 fir/ he read !m & prep>$ him = :at 0 to come1 b )\t 8 be+ consci\s ( _! influ5ce4 ,! novice usually prep>es ! way = 8 climax s c>efully t he gives x away long be=e he %\ld4 ,?is he does ei!r by means ( anticipatory side rem>ks1 or by mak+ ! outcome ( 8 /ory s obvi\s at ! />t t he really has no /ory to tell1 & a climax or surprise is impossible4 ,! fir/ fault is mu* ! easi] to correct3 mo/ ( ! side rem>ks c be cut out bodily )\t injury to ! /ory1 & ^? :i* are really necess>y c be s modifi$ & slurr$ ov] t !y w prep>e ! way = ! climax )\t reveal+ x4 ,! o!r fault is usually radical3 x is ! result ( a conv5tional plot treat$ 9 ! conv5tional mann]4 ,x is beyond help s f> z conc]ns t p>ticul> /ory1 = x requires a new plot h&l$ 9 an orig9al mann]2 b its recurr5ce c be prev5t$ if ! writ] w be m exact+ 9 8 selection ( plots1 & m individual 9 8 me?ods4 ,x c usually be detect$ 9 ! beg9n+1 z 9 ! case ( ! la/ example quot$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ ! climax is l$ up to mo/ skillfully by ,haw?orne2 inde$1 8 prep>ation is s clev] t x is n always easy to trace4 ,?r\gh\t ! /ory !re are an air ( gloom & a /range turn+ to ?\ghts ( dea? t seem to port5d a cata/rophe2 & ,i believe ! foll[+ passages are int5tional notes ( w>n+3 #a 444 a cold spot & a dang]\s "o4444 /ones w\ld (t5 rumble d[n its sides & />tle !m at midnight4 #b 444 ! w9d came ?r\gh ! ,not* & seem$ to pause be=e _! cottage1 444 wail+ & lam5tation4444 ,= a mom5t x sadd5$ !m1 ?\gh !re 0 no?+ unusual 9 ! tones4 #c 444 ^: fate 0 l9k$ ) !irs4 #h 7,entire47 #i 7,entire47 #aj 444 a prophetic sympa?y 444 ! k9dr$ ( a common fate4444 #ab 7,entire47 #ad 444 a noble p$e/al = a man's /atue4 7,d\btful47 #af 444 ?+s t are pretty c]ta9 nev] to come to pass4 #ag 444 :5 he is a wid[]4 #ah ,:5 ,i ?9k ( y\r dea?1 ,e/h]1 ,i ?9k ( m9e too4 ,b ,i 0 wi%+ we _h a good f>m 444 r\nd ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 b n :]e !y c\ld tumble on our heads4444 ,i might die happy en\gh 9 my b$4444 ,a slate grave/one w\ld suit me z well z a m>ble "o4444 #bj ,!y say x's a sign ( some?+ :5 folk's m9ds g a-w&]+ s4 #bb 444 g & take a dr9k out ( ! bas9 ( ! ,flume4 7,d\btful2 unless reg>d$ z ! result ( "s subtle w>n+ to fly ! spot47 #bf 444 ?\gh _! music & mir? came back dre>ily f ! he>t ( ! m\nta94 #bh 444 a light cl\d pass$ ov] ! daught]'s _s4444 #cb 444 x might blossom 9 ,p>adise1 s9ce x c\ld n be matur$ on e>? 444 ! w9d ?r\gh ! ,not* took a deep] & dre>i] s\nd4444 ,!re 0 a wail along ! road z if a fun]al 7 pass+4 #cf 7,entire47 #ch 7,entire47 #ci 7,entire47 ,a novice writ+ ! same /ory w\ld h>dly h refra9$ f introduc+ "s v bald h9ts conc]n+ ! fate ( ! ambiti\s /rang]2 = ! novice has a mi/ak5 idea t wordy & fl[]y exclamations make sad ev5ts all ! sadd]1 =gett+ t sil5t grief is ! ke5e/4 ,?us ! novice w\ld h int]l>d$ 8 n>rative ) su* exclamations z3 #ab4 ,ah6 c\ld ! un=tunate /rang] b h guess$ ! culm9ation ( 8 bright dreams1 h[ w\ld he h bewail$ 8 fate6 #ai4 ,unhappy y\?6 8 grave 0 to be unm>k$1 8 v dea? 9 d\bt6 #bh4 ,poor girl6 _h %e a premonition ( h] awful dea?8 ,su* int]polations are v exasp]at+ to ! read]1 = he mu* pref]s to le>n = himself ! outcome ( ! tale2 & !y also greatly (f5d aga9/ ! rhetorical correctness ( ! /ory1 = !y are always utt]ly irrelevant & ob/ructive4 ,! only /ories :i* may prop]ly anticipate _! own d5\em5ts are :at might be call$ /ories ( premonition1 9 :i* ! int]e/ dep5ds ^u comp>+ actual ev5ts to ! prophecy ( dreams or "s o!r my/ical ag5cy4 ,9 su* tales ! real int]e/ is usually 9 ! weirdness ( ! :ole affair--?\gh1 to be sure1 !y d n always turn out z !y are expect$ to4 ,=1 aft] all1 ?is introduction ( surprise into fiction is simply an imitation ( nature1 & x is ! unexpect$ t always happ5s4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #cg3 ,see ,*apt] ,x4 ,footnote #ch3 ,see ,*apt] ,,viii = ! be/ me?ods ( introduc+ f\ndation facts4 ,footnote #ci3 ,! ,art ( ,fiction4 ,a lecture by ,gilb]t ,p>k]4 ,! ,critic4 ,dec41 '#ih4 ,footnote #dj3 ,magaz9e ,fiction & ,h[ ,n to ,write ,x1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,nov41 '#id4 ,footnote #da3 ,h[ to ,write ,fiction4 ,publi%$ anonym\sly by ,bellaires ,co41 ,london4 ,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,v4 ,x ,,climax ,,& ,,conclusion ,if ! ov]work$ editor1 ha/ily skimm+ ! heap ( ,,mss4 be=e him1 comes ^u "o :i* promises well 9 ! op5+ p>agraphs1 he w turn to its conclusion1 to le>n h[ well ! au?or has kept 8 promise2 & if he f9ds !re equal evid5ce ( a good /ory1 he w put ! ,,ms4 by = m c>eful read+ & possible pur*ase4 ,exp]i5ce has taught him t ! end ( a /ory is second only to ! beg9n+ z a practical te/ ( ! n>rative2 & !re=e to ! au?or z well ! conclusion is ( extreme importance4 ,! end ( a %ort /ory comprises ! climax & ! conclusion4 ,! climax is ! *ief surprise1 ! relief ( ! susp5se1 or ! greate/ relief1 if !re is m ?an "o2 x is ! apex ( int]e/ & emotion2 x is ! po9t ( ! /ory2 x is really ! /ory4 ,! conclusion is ! solv+ ( all problems1 ! t]m9ation ( ! n>rative itself1 & ! arti/ic sev]+ ( all relations betwe5 n>rator & read]4 ,! climax1 9 spite ( its importance1 is b a small "p ( ! /ory1 s f> z m]e words are conc]n$4 ,9 a prop]ly con/ruct$ n>rative its influ5ce is felt ?r\gh\t ! :ole /ory1 :i*1 z already /at$1 is b "o long prep>ation = x4 ,b 9 itself ! climax is usually conf9$ to a s+le p>agraph ( ord9>y l5g?2 & ! climax prop]1 ! real po9t ( ! /ory1 is usually convey$ 9 a half doz5 words4 ,= ! climax1 & p>ticul>ly ! climax prop]1 is ! /ory conc5trat$ 9 a s+le phrase4 ,x mu/ h be5 prep>$ = c>efully & work$ up to at "s l5g?2 b :5 x does come x mu/ be express$ s directly & s =cefully t x w make ! read] jump m5tally1 if n physically4 ,x is ! desire to produce ?is />tl+ effect t leads "s writ]s to endeavor to ga9 artificial =ce by pr9t+ _! climax prop] 9 italics1 or ev5 9 capitals4 ,9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ we h an unusually /rong & p]fect climax 9 #dj1 #da3 444 a s\nd abroad 9 ! night1 ris+ l ! ro> ( a bla/1 _h gr[n broad1 deep & t]rible be=e ! fat$ gr\p 7 consci\s ( x4 ,! h\se & all )9 x trembl$2 ! f\ndations ( ! e>? seem$ to be %ak51 z if ?is awful s\nd 0 ! peal ( ! la/ trump4 ,"y & old ex*ang$ "o wild glance & rema9$ an in/ant pale1 affright$1 )\t utt]ance or p[] to move4 ,!n ! same %riek bur/ simultane\sly f all _! lips3 ,! slide6 ,! slide6 :ile ! climax prop]--! climax ( ! climax--occurs 9 ! f\r words :i* compose #da4 ,! slide6 ,! slide6 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say t ! climax %\ld be v ne> ! end ( ! /ory1 = ev5 ^? /ories :i* attempt to beg9 9 ! middle & g bo? ways at once place ! climax prop]ly4 ,b !re is a dang] t ! climax w come too soon4 ,aft] !y h rea*$ :at is prop]ly a c5tral po9t 9 _! /ory1 amateurs (t5 become lazy or 9 too great a hurry1 & ru% ! latt] "p ( ! n>rative ?r\gh unc]emoni\sly4 ,9 ! fir/ "p !y may h be5 incl9$ to g into ne$less detail2 b :5 once !y come 9 sight ( ! f9i%1 !y =get ev]y?+ except t _! task is ne>ly end$2 !y plunge ahead reg>dless1 treat important matt]s mo/ sup]ficially1 neglect ^? skillful little t\*es :i* g to make a /ory natural & lit]>y1 & rea* ! end to f9d t !y h skeletoniz$ an important "p ( ! n>rative4 ,9 su* a case ! read] is v apt to come ^u ! climax unexpect$ly1 & s to f9d x =c$ & illogical2 :]eas if ! au?or _h pres]v$ ! proportions ( 8 n>rative1 & l$ up to 8 climax prop]ly1 x w\ld h be5 acc\nt$ /rong & inevitable4 ,! climax ( a /ory mu/ be a g5u9e climax--t is1 x mu/ be ! culm9ation ( ! int]e/ ( ! /ory1 & x mu/ def9itely end & elim9ate ! elem5t ( susp5se4 ,! climax1 or its imm$iate consequ5ces1 mu/ decide ! de/9ies ( all y\r *>act]s1 & ! fate ( all _! s*emes4 ,if ! h]o9e is hesitat+ betwe5 h] two lov]s %e mu/ decide 9 ! climax or on acc\nt ( x2 if ! h]o is 9 a position ( great dang] he mu/ be kill$ or sav$4 ,! revelation ne$ n be c\*$ 9 ! bald phrase1 ,& s ,john m>ri$ ,kate2 b x may be h9t$ at or sugge/$ 9 ! mo/ subtle mann]2 b settl$ 9 "s way x mu/ be4 ,/ockton did o!rwise 9 ,! ,lady1 or ! ,tig]8 b he s\ght = humor\s effect1 & all ?+s are fair 9 ! funny /ory4 ,/ories :i* are meant to be s]i\s1 b :i* leave ! read] /ill puzzl+ ov] ! possibilities ( ! plot1 are likely to get _! au?or into s]i\s difficulties ) ! read+ public1 ev5 if ! editors c be p]suad$ to ov]look 8 idiosyncracies4 ,! amateur is prone to ! conviction1 d$uc$1 ,i fe>1 f ! practice ( ! *eap melodrama & ! *eap] novel1 t climax & trag$y are synonym\s t]ms1 & t he is violat+ sacr$ traditions unless he ends 8 tale ) a viol5t dea?4 ,b x is by no means necess>y t ! climax ( a %ort /ory %\ld be or %\ld conta9 a cata/rophe or a trag$y4 ,its nature dep5ds entirely ^u ! "* ( ! tale 9 :i* x appe>s1 & x may be j z /rong & j z ?rill+ if x consi/s only ( ! ,yes ) :i* ! h]o9e answ]s ! h]o's woo+4 ,inde$1 x n infrequ5tly happ5s t ! trag$y or ! cata/rophe :i* appe>s 9 ! climax is only an accessory to ! real climax1 a cause or a result ( x4 ,! climax ( ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ is a trag$y2 b ! climax ( ,irv+'s ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[1 ?\gh c]ta9ly a cata/rophe1 is any?+ b tragic1 if read 9 ! ironic _s 9 :i* x 0 writt53 ,ano!r convulsive kick 9 ! ribs1 & old ,gunp[d] sprang ^u ! bridge2 he ?und]$ ov] ! res\nd+ planks2 he ga9$ ! opposite side2 & n[ ,i*abod ca/ a look beh9d to see if 8 pursu] %\ld vani%1 accord+ to rule1 9 a fla% ( fire & brim/one4 ,j !n he saw ! gobl9 ris+ 9 8 /irrups1 & 9 ! v act ( hurl+ 8 head at him4 ,i*abod endeavor$ to dodge ! horrible missile1 b too late4 ,x enc\nt]$ 8 cranium ) a trem5d\s cra%2 he 0 tumbl$ headlong into ! du/1 & ,gunp[d]1 ! black /e$1 & ! gobl9 rid] pass$ by l a :irlw9d4 ,:ile 9 ,poe's ,! ,black ,cat1 "o trag$y is a prelim9>y ( ! climax & ano!r is 9 a mann] ! result ( x2 b ! real climax is ! discov]y ( ! cat3 444 a doz5 /\t arms 7 toil+ at ! wall4 ,x fell bodily4 ,! corpse1 already greatly decay$ & clott$ ) gore1 /ood erect be=e ! eyes ( ! spectators4 ,on its head1 ) r$ ext5d$ m\? & solit>y eye ( fire1 sat ! hide\s bea/ ^: craft _h s$uc$ me into murd]1 & ^: in=m+ voice _h consign$ me to ! hangman4 ,i _h wall$ ! mon/] up )9 ! tomb6 ,nor does ! m]e introduction ( a trag$y make a climax1 = ?\gh ! foll[+ p>agraphs conta9 two trag$ies1 !re is no climactic =ce3 ,joseph1 :o _h be5 sitt+ ) 8 head on 8 knees1 & wond]+ :at 9 ! _w 0 go+ to happ51 rais$ 8 head1 & exclaim$1 on see+ 8 bro!r1 ,y h come aft] me-- ,at ?is in/ant "s "o /ruck him on ! head ) a pi/ol1 :i* br\ght him to ! floor4 ,b ,h>ry1 he>+ ! famili> voice1 & see+ ! man also1 knew too well :o x 04 ,he %\t$ at ! top ( 8 voice1 ,/op6 ,wait6 ,?is ?+ mu/ be inve/igat$6 ,tell+ !m :o ! prison] 01 & plead+ ) !m1 he 0 f9ally able to disp]se ! mob1 ?\gh aga9/ _! own w4 ,! next morn+1 :5 ,mamie 0 br\ght to consci\sness aga91 %e begg$ t he %\ld n be puni%$4 ,on le>n+ ! tru? he 0 imm$iately releas$1 b ! bitt] grief1 m+l$ ) s mu* excitem5t1 0 m ?an he c\ld endure4 ,he di$ t night at t54 ,! bitt]ness occasion$ by ?is cata/rophe rema9$ 9 ! bosom ( ,mamie1 & %e too di$ ( a brok5 he>t4 ,! plot ( a c]ta9 type ( /ory requires subord9ate & prelim9>y climaxes to relieve ! t5sion or advance ! action1 z already /at$4#db ,su* p]iods1 :5 giv5 g5u9e climactic =ce1 are antagoni/ic to ! _s ( ! %ort /ory1 9 t !y violate ! unity1 & a /ory conta9+ !m is usually faulty o!rwise2 b su* /ories h be5 writt5 by good writ]s & s mu/ be recogniz$ "h4 ,! prelim9>y climaxes mu/ be suffici5tly few1 suffici5tly subord9ate & suffici5tly di/ant n to detract f ! =ce ( ! *ief climax4 ,! ma9 po9t is to see t "o ( ! prelim9>y climaxes is n really ! climax1 = inexp]i5c$ writ]s sometimes all[ _! /ories to run on long] ?an !y %\ld2 or !y confuse :at is m]ely an incid5t ) :at %\ld be made ! ma9 crisis4 ,9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ !re is only "o climax2 b 9 ,haw?orne's ,mr4 ,higg9bo?am's ,cata/rophe ,i f9d no less ?an five critical po9ts1 :i* ,i "h subp5d ) ! numb]s ( ! p>agraphs 9 :i* !y occur3 #g4 ,old ,mr4 ,higg9bo?am ( ,kimballton 0 murd]$ 9 8 or*>d at eight o'clock la/ night by an ,iri%man & a nigg]4 ,!y /rung him up to ! bran* ( a ,/4 ,mi*ael's pe> tree :]e nobody w\ld f9d him till ! morn+4 #ad4 444 if squire ,higg9bo?am 0 murd]$ night be=e la/ ,i drank a glass ( bitt]s ) 8 gho/ ?is morn+4 ,be+ a neighbor ( m9e1 he call$ me into 8 /ore z ,i 0 rid+ by1 & treat$ me4444 #ba4 ,no1 no6 ,!re 0 no color$ man4 ,x 0 an ,iri%man t hang$ him la/ night at eight o'clock2 ,i came away at sev54 #cf4 ,i left ,kimballton ?is morn+ to sp5d ! vacation ( comm5cem5t-week ) a fri5d ab\t five miles f ,p>k]'s ,falls4 ,my g5]\s uncle1 :5 he he>d me on ! /airs1 call$ me to 8 b$side & gave me two doll>s & fifty c5ts to pay my /age-f>e1 & ano!r doll> = my extra exp5ses4 #di4 ,he ru%$ =w>d1 pro/rat$ a /urdy ,iri%man ) ! butt-end ( 8 :ip1 & f\nd--n1 inde$1 hang+ on ! ,/4 ,mi*ael's pe> tree1 b trembl+ b5ea? x ) a halt] r\nd 8 neck--! old id5tical ,mr4 ,higg9bo?am4 ,^! sev]al climaxes =m a p]fect s]ies1 ea* a little high] ?an its pr$ecessor1 & all logically culm9at+ 9 ! *ief climax ( ! /ory 9 #di2 & by ?is progressive & culm9ative effect !y g f> to pres]ve ! s5se ( unity :i* _! pres5ce endang]s4 ,su* real if m9or climaxes are entirely diff]5t f ! sev]al /ages ( ! /ory illu/rat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ix by ,james' ,! ,lesson ( ! ,ma/]4 ,! novice usually has "s hazy conception ( ! importance ( a climax1 & endeavors accord+ to 8 lights to atta9 ! desir$ effect1 b he is seldom successful4 ,mo/ frequ5tly he is h&icapp$ by 8 plot1 :i* is n design$ to produce a successful climax4 ,if he has escap$ t dang] he is liable to ru9 a possible good climax by too abrupt an introduction4 ,8 ne>e/ approa* to success is :at may be call$ a false or te*nical climax1 9 ! use ( :i* he is v skillful--too skillful1 inde$1 = 8 own good4 ,?is false climax is produc$ by break+ (f ! n>rative abruptly ! mom5t ! susp5se ( ! /ory is t]m9at$4 ,x is really an abrupt conclusion1 & n a climax at all2 & x produces ! jump 9 ! read]'s m9d by its sudd5ness1 & n by its conc5trat$ =ce4 ,x is sometimes made m po9t$ by ! use ( italics or capitals4 ,?us ! foll[+ f9al p>agraphs1 :i* are typical ( ! "w ( ! novice1 h no h9t ( a climax z !y /&3 444 ,mrs4 ,moore sat gaz+ into ! gl[+ grate4 ,well1 truants1 :]e h y be5 all ?is "t8 ,i-- ,%e /opp$ sudd5ly z %e saw ,nettie's blu%es1 & ! happy look on ,guy's face4 ,"m1 ,nettie has made me ! happie/ man 9 exi/5ce1 by cons5t+ to be my wife4 ,& we h come to ask y\r bless+4 ,x is he>tily giv51 my de> *ildr54 ,no?+ c\ld give me m pleasure ?an to see y two happily m>ri$1 said %e1 kiss+ !m4 ,by ! way1 h[ did y "y p happ5 to make ?is wond]ful discov]y8 ,well1 "m1 ,i h _h "s s]i\s ?\ghts ab\t ! matt] ev] s9ce ,i surpris$ y & ,nettie la/ ,septemb]1 b ,i nev] d>$ to put my ?\ghts into words till to-day4 ,i don't rememb] t y surpris$ ,nettie4 ,%e 0 out 9 ! or*>d1 %e told me1 :5 y arriv$4 ,yes1 ,i believe ,i rememb] f9d+ h] 9 ! or*>d1 & he gave a ludicr\s description ( _! fir/ meet+4 ,t acc\nts = ,nettie's blu%es :5 ,i introduc$ y t day4 ,y won't g we/ n[1 w y1 ,guy8 ,i %all h to1 "m2 b ,i'll sell out at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,9 ! meantime ,i ?9k we _h bett] notify aunt ,adams t %e is doom$ to h a son-9-law4 ,i h ?\ght ( an excell5t plan1 said ,nettie4 ,let's all g ea/ = ! holidays4 ,only1 = goodness' sake1 don't tell ,edi? & ,maud ab\t my exploits 9 ! apple tree4 ,!y w\ld be s %ock$ at my lack ( dignity4 ,s ! foll[+ week !y />t$ = ,nettie's home4 ,guy soon won ,mrs4 ,adams' cons5t to h] daught]'s m>riage1 :i* 0 arrang$ to take place ! foll[+ ,septemb]4 ,t is ! mon? 9 :i* ! old apple tree be>s its mo/ delici\s fruit1 ,guy :isp]$ to ,nettie4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! au?or _h /opp$ ) ! ?ird p>agraph1 he w\ld h _h at lea/ a false or te*nical climax4 ,?is false climax mu/ n be confus$ ) ! co9cid5t real climax & abrupt end+ discuss$ fur!r on4 ,:5 ! climax has come ! /ory has rea*$ its end & ! quick] y t]m9ate x ! bett] y\r read] w be pleas$4 ,) ! pass+ ( ! climax int]e/ ceases1 & y h only to ga!r up & expla9 ! few unsettl$ po9ts1 & r\nd (f y\r n>rative gracefully4 ,any fur!r int]e/ 9 y\r *>act]s is little m ?an a s5se ( polit5ess due to old acqua9tances2 or1 at mo/1 a psy*ological desire = complete impressions4 ,s :5 y h told y\r tale1 end x4 ,= ! conclusion1 z = ! beg9n+1 "o p>agraph is ab\t ! av]age l5g?4 ,! practice diff]s1 ( c\rse1 ) diff]5t writ]s & diff]5t /ories1 b !re is n s mu* v>iance z 9 ! beg9n+s4 ,an effective climax (t5 completes a /ory 9 ! mo/ satisfactory way4 ,9 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ ,haw?orne employs ?ree p>agraphs 7 #db-dd71 exclusive ( ! climax itself1 to conclude ! /ory4 ,ea* ( ^! ?ree p>agraphs conta9s matt] necess>y to ! completion ( ! tale 9 ,haw?orne's /yle4 ,x is probable t a mod]n writ] w\ld h cond5s$ !m into a s+le p>agraph1 because ( ! mod]n dem& = extreme compression2 b ) ! possible exception ( ! la/ two s5t5ces ( #dd !re is no?+ irrelevant 9 ! conclusion4 ,9 ,! ,bir?m>k1 & ,"y ,goodman ,br[n1 ,haw?orne uses b a s+le p>agraph = 8 conclusion4 ,! conclusion & ! climax %\ld be z ne>ly simultane\s z possible4 ,! pres5t t5d5cy is to make !m co9cide1 & s increase ! effect ( ! climax by mak+ x ! actual end ( ! /ory1 z x is ! end ( ! int]e/4 ,x is n always t ! co9cid5ce c be p]fect1 b _m a /ory c\ld be cut %ort imm$iately aft] ! climax1 & be mu* improv$ !reby4 ,= example1 if ,haw?orne _h writt5 ,! ,ambiti\s ,gue/ to-day x is probable t he w\ld h end$ x ) #dd3 ,! slide6 ,! slide6 ,_h he done s he w\ld c]ta9ly h giv5 additional =ce to 8 climax1 /rong ?\gh x is n[2 & ,i believe t any read] w\ld h und]/ood p]fectly all t is conta9$ 9 #db-dd4 ,y mu/ be c>eful1 h[ev]1 9 ! use ( ?is /yle ( conclusion1 le/ y\r suppos$ climax is m]ely an abrupt end+--a false climax--:i* leaves unsettl$ "s ?+s :i* a fur!r conclusion %\ld make cle>4 ,n e plot all[s an abrupt end+1 ev5 ?\gh x may h a good climax1 & y mu/ suit y\r me?od to y\r matt]4 ,9 any case1 ! /ory mu/ convey a complete impression4 ,b ! conclusion mu/ n be padd$ ) irrelevant matt] to make x appe> r\nd$1 or to please ! p]v]t$ ta/e ( ! writ]4 ,! end is all[$ scant space & has ev5 less room = sage obs]vations1 or po9t+ ( morals1 or lam5tations ov] ! s9s or mis=tunes portray$ ?an h ! o!r p>ts ( ! /ory4 ,9 ! example already quot$ ! n>rative drags on = "s n9e p>agraphs aft] ! /ory is really end$1 )\t add+ any?+ ( int]e/ or value4 ,happily su* conclusions are infrequ5t1 b ! be/ ( writ]s are occasionally dragg$ into !m ?r\gh _! reluctance to quit =ev] sc5es & p t h gr[n de> to !m ?r\gh close association4 ,a some:at simil> me?od ( padd+ out ! conclusion to ! detrim5t ( ! /ory is to end ) a cat* ^w ref]r+ to ! beg9n+1 z 9 ! foll[+ example1 :]e ! blackb]ry girl is a rem9d] ( ! title3 ,i hope ^! few surprises ( m9e may s]ve z a lesson to "s "y man1 & help to tea* him to prove true to 8 fir/ love1 ?\gh %e may appe> to be only a poor girl--yes1 ev5 a blackb]ry girl4 ,( all poor conclusions ! conv5tional is mo/ to be fe>$ by ! novice1 = x is surely fatal to ! /ory to :i* x is atta*$4 ,if ! /ory is conv5tional 9 plot & treatm5t x is inevitable t its end+ %\ld be conv5tional1 s "h aga9 we see ! necessity ( orig9ality ( plot4 ,b too (t5 a writ]1 aft] hav+ successfully c>ri$ 8 /ory pa/ ! climax1 w gr[ we>y or c>eless & end x ) ! conv5tional ideas & phrases :i* 7 worn ?readb>e ages ago4 ,! inexp]i5c$ writ] ( ! g5tl] sex is peculi>ly liable to be guilty ( us+ conv5tional end+s4 ,to h] m9d1 app>5tly1 ! *ief end ( man is m>riage1 & ! prop] end ( a /ory is a w$d+4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ?is is ! only logical conclusion to h] /ories1 = f ! mom5t !y appe> 9 ! op5+ p>agraphs ! read] kn[s t 9 ! la/ ! h]o w m>ry ! h]o9e1 willy nilly1 at ! behe/ ( ! mat*mak+ au?oress4 ,to ! au?or1 :o has suff]$ ) & on acc\nt ( 8 *>act]s m int5sely ?an any read] c suff]1 !re is some?+ amus+ 9 ?is anxiety to h ! old =mula1 ',& !y all liv$ happy ev] aft]w>ds1' repeat$ at ! end ( e tale4 ,a t9y bonne b\*e ( happ9ess is s inadequate aft] "s /ories ( sorr[ t x seems almo/ an irony to (f] x to ! read]s2 & yet1 l *ildr5 :o h tak5 a bitt] m$ic9e1 !y are v likely to compla9 t !y h _h no ta/e ( sweetness1 if x is n (f]$ to !m4444 ,! common feel+ t dea? is inevitably sad is responsible = mu* ( ! /ress :i* is laid ^u ! end+s ( books4 ,t1 & ! belief t p :o love ea* o!r c h no joy or b5efit ( life if !y mu/ live ap>t1 h set up two =mal & arbitr>y conditions :i* a /ory mu/ fulfil 9 ord] to be consid]$ *e]ful4 ,! pr9cipal *>act]s may g ?r\gh fire & wat] if necess>y1 b !y mu/ get rid ( _! smoke /a9s & dry _! co/umes 9 "t to appe> alive & smil+ 9 ! f9al *apt]2 & ! h]o & ! h]o9e mu/ m>ry ea* o!r1 or1 if ! writ] has all[$ _! affections to w&] fur!r afield1 !y mu/ at lea/ m>ry ! p ( _! *oice4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 are n ! /&>ds ( ! mo/ ?\ghtful read]s1 & yet1 l all conv5tionalities1 !y ext5d fur!r ?an an au?or likes to believe4#dc ,! fact is1 h[ev]1 t if real p 7 con/antly ?r[n at "o ano!r's heads s det]m9$ly x w\ld take a /rong] p[] ?an ev5 ! omnipot5t lit]>y aspirant to =ce !m into matrimony4 ,nor are w$d+s1 or descriptions !re(1 p>ticul>ly delectable read+ :5 !y des]t ! society column = ! %ort /ory4 ,!y are usually v mu* alike--?\gh "o orig9al writ] did p]=m h] c]emony up a tree--& ! bride always we>s ! same dresses & smiles ! same smiles & weeps ! same te>s4 ,s if y mu/ h a w$d+1 let ! read] (f ) ! classic =mula1 ,& s !y 7 m>ri$ & liv$ happily ev] aft]2 b don't inflict on him su* *eap s5tim5talism z ?is3 ,*ri/mas morn+ 0 cle>1 cold & bright1 j su* a morn+ z _h m>k$ ,fr$'s fir/ dep>ture f ! ,blan=d's "s ?ree ye>s be=e4 ,grace's si/]s _h come home to take *>ge ( affairs = ! day & ev5+ s ,grace did n h mu* to see aft] b h]self4 ,fr$1 suppos+ he w\ld r be 9 ! way1 did n arrive until ab\t an h\r be=e ! c]emony 0 to take place1 :i* 0 9 ! ev5+4 ,a good _m gue/s 7 invit$ & z !y _h already begun to arrive1 ,grace b b>ely _h "t to greet ,fr$1 :5 %e f\nd %e mu/ )draw & don h] w$d+ g>m5t4 ,if ,grace _h look$ pretty ) h] g[n held up ab\t h] a few weeks ago1 %e n[ look$ h&some inde$ z %e came into ! well cr[d$ room4 ,h] ri* silk g[n fell 9 deep s(t folds at h] da9ty feet4 ,! s(t creamy lace fell ab\t h] well %ap$ neck 9 clu/]s2 ! color ( ! g[n made h] hair & eyes look black z jet2 & ! excitem5t /ill kept ! roses 9 h] *eeks4 ,fr$ did n look s h&some1 b no "o c\ld help admire ! manly =m z he /ood beside ,grace answ]+ ! que/ions t 7 to ackn[l$ge !m man & wife4 ,z soon z ! c]emony 0 ov] & congratulations _h be5 ext5d$ to ! bride & groom1 !y 7 u%]$ 9 to a nicely prep>$ supp]4 ,a m]ry ,*ri/mas ev5+ 0 sp5t4 ,grace's bro!rs did n lose _! h\sekeep]1 z %e & ,fr$ made _! home ) !m4 ,!y sp5t _! days n l ! hurry+ brook1 b grasp$ all ! sun%9e t 0 meant = !m4 ,& 9 g5]al x is mu* bett]--bett] art & bett] mann]s--= y to draw ! read] politely aside z soon z ! h]o9e has :isp]$ ! inevitable ,yes2 = :at foll[s %\ld n be spi$ ^u by any ?ird p>ty4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #db3 ,see prep>ation = ! climax 9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,footnote #dc3 ,! ,problem ( ,end+s1 by ,m>y ,tracy ,e>le4 ,! ,book ,buy]4 ,aug4 '#ih4 ,,xi ,,! ,,/yle ,! me?od ( pres5tation ( ! %ort /ory is a matt] ( import4 ,its v artificiality calls = skill$ workman%ip2 x mu/ be made pleasant & readable by all kn[n devices2 its brevity1 too1 p]mits & dem&s a high] f9i% ?an is necess>y 9 ! novel4 ,& altoge!r ! %ort /ory (f]s a writ] :o is n exactly a g5ius a r>e *ance to %[ 8 ability z an arti/ 9 words4 ,h5ce ! "q ( /yle is ( s]i\s mom5t4 ,/yle is s mu* a matt] ( individuality1 & ! %ort /ory comprises s broad a range ( subjects1 t x is n easy to lay d[n g5]al rules conc]n+ ! prop] /yle4 ,no two ma/]s w\ld or c\ld treat ! same plot 9 precisely ! same way1 & yet ! me?od ( ea* w\ld be correct4 ,h[ev]1 c]ta9 g5]alizations conc]n+ ! /yle ( ! %ort /ory may be made )\t be+ arbitr>y4 ,z always 9 lit]ature1 ! /yle %\ld be appropriate to ! matt]4 ,?is may seem entirely gratuit\s1 yet ! exam9ation ( ! "w ( amateurs w ju/ify ! rem>k4 ,!y are apt to treat s]i\s subjects ) ! mo/ unbecom+ levity1 & to dress commonplaces 9 an absurdly ornate /yle2 & at times !y s f> disreg>d propriety t !y (f5d aga9/ good ta/e4 ,! /yle ( ! %ort /ory %\ld be simple1 easy & concise4 ,usually ! matt] is n ( great mom5t2 x is incid5tal r ?an critical2 & x (f]s little reason = exagg]at$ expressions1 or rotund p]iods4 ,above all x %\ld be natural1 = ! %ort /ory1 despite its _m conv5tionalities1 is v ne> to nature4 ,! extreme s5sationalism affect$ by _m amateurs is mo/ absurd1 = nature & ?+s true to nature c nev] be really s5sational--a fact :i* is unconsci\sly recogniz$ by ! (f5d+ writ] 9 8 resort to artificial means to make 8 n>rative s5sational4 ,i say extreme s5sationalism because ,i believe a c]ta9 am\nt ( :at is commonly designat$ s5sationalism is p]missible 9 ! %ort /ory to su/a9 ! int]e/1 & to produce t delightful ?rill :i* accompanies a clev] sc5e4 ,! be/ rule = ! novice is to /ick close to nature--t is1 to fact4 ,he may pres5t :at />tl+ effects he w s t he c prove !m copies ( nature1 & s t !y d n (f5d aga9/ art2 b x is n p]mitt$ him to h>r[ ! feel+s ( 8 read]s by unduly dwell+ ^u excit+ topics4 ,any undue exagg]ation ( ?is /yle1 or any attempt to create excitem5t by %e] =ce ( italics1 capitals & exclamation po9ts1 is 9 extremely bad ta/e4 ,x at once disgu/s ! intellig5t read]1 & x w soon s we>y ev5 ! ignorant t he w yawn dre>ily ov] ! mo/ />tl+ display ( sc>e l9es4 ,! necessity = a simple /yle mu/ n be made an excuse = commonplac5ess2 & "h ! au?or confronts r a s]i\s "q1 = ev]yday life ab\nds 9 commonplaces1 :i* lit]ature w n tol]ate4 ,if we make our /ories readable we mu/1 9 "s degree1 repres5t life2 if we repres5t life we _c :olly avoid commonplaces2 if we d n avoid commonplaces we become unlit]>y4 ,h[ev]1 ! difficulty is m easily solv$ ?an at fir/ appe>s1 & ! solution lies 9 ! v life :i* we portray4 ,life c]ta9ly is full ( ! balde/ facts1 b !y are s subord9at$ to ! relatively few b important ev5ts by :i* our lives are *eck]$ t we %ortly =get ! commonplaces & rememb] only ! /rik+ occurr5ces4 ,9 l mann] we %\ld s pres]ve ! proportion ( our /ories t ! necess>y commonplaces1 :ile !y prop]ly p]=m _! p>ts1 %all be c>efully subjugat$ to ! int]e/+ happ5+s4 ,?is is l>gely a matt] ( ! h&l+1 = 9 fiction ev5ts seem great or small 9 accordance ) ! space & treatm5t t !y receive4 ,! way1 !n1 to dispose ( commonplaces is to slight !m z mu* z possible3 to cr[d !m into ! lea/ possible space1 & to c\* !m 9 ord9>y language2 = ?\ghts t are r5d]$ unusual by _! expression become conspicu\s4 ,by ord9>y language ,i d n mean ! /]eotyp$ phrases :i* ! m5tally lazy employ 9 ! expression ( _! ?\ghts1 b ! simple1 correct & r colorless spee* :i* is he>d among ! truly cultur$4 ,inde$1 s5sationalism is pref]able to ! deadly monotony ( ! writ] :o is wont to clo! 8 ideas 9 ! ready-made g>m5ts ( conv5tional phrases2 = s5sationalism has at lea/ ! m]it ( vividness4 ,! writ] :o p5n$ ! foll[+ c\ld h>dly h be5 m absurdly commonplace & /]eotyp$ 9 8 phraseology if he _h be5 ridicul+ "s popul> au?or ( *eap lit]ature1 b he wrote 9 s]i\s e>ne/2 ! /ory ?r\gh\t is a p]fect gold m9e ( su* hackney$ expressions4 ,i h italiciz$ ! mo/ (f5sive1 ?\gh x is h>dly necess>y4 ,fa9t rumors ( a *ur* sc&al p]meat$ ! v atmosph]e 9 ,frankton1 & e "o 0 on ! al]t to cat* ! fa9te/ :isp] 9 reg>d to ! matt]2 z ! m9i/] 0 a social favorite1 & x 0 kn[n by an inside few t he 0 ! "o mo/ s]i\sly involv$4 ,= a long "t ! matt] 0 suppress$1 & !n fir/ "o h9t aft] ano!r leak$ out t ,mrs4 ,daniels1 ! m9i/]'s wife1 0 a mo/ unhappy woman1 & t !re 0 ano!r woman 9 ! case4 ,at fir/ ! memb]s ( ! congregation hoot$ at ! idea2 b :5 item aft] item ( sc&al came to _! notice !y begun to take a little notice1 & x 0 noticeable t a good _m enquiries 7 go+ ! r\nds1 j to satisfy !mselves z to ! ridicul\s "p ( x1 s ! curiosity seek]s expla9$4 ,o!r writ]s attempt to make _! commonplaces lit]>y by c\*+ !m 9 /ilt$ language1 & !n we h :at is te*nically t]m$ f9e writ+4 ,x is to ?is t5d5cy t we owe su* phrases z1 ,aft] ! cu/om>y salutations he s\ght ! arms ( ,morpheus1 & ,^u ris+ 9 ! morn+ he p>took ( an abundant repa/1 :5 ! au?or meant m]ely to say1 ,aft] say+ good night he w5t to b$1 & ,he breakfa/$4 ,?is error is due to ! mi/ak5 idea t ?+s :i* are common are necess>ily vulg>1 & to an absurd squeami% objection to call a spade1 a spade4 ,x is ! wor/ possible way to h&le commonplaces1 = x attracts p>ticul> att5tion to ! v ?+s :i* x is suppos$ to hide4 ,b ! writ] may purposely subord9ate commonplace facts1 & yet suff] f a commonplace /yle1 if he fails to give 8 n>rative "*4 ,x is !n t ! "y writ] resorts to ! use ( poetry1 quot$ & orig9al1 ) :i* he int]l>ds 8 /ories & ! spee*es ( 8 *>act]s4 ,! poetry may be good1 ev5 if x is orig9al1 & x may be v apt1 b few p 9 real life quote poetry 9 _! ord9>y spee*4 ,y may be well read 9 poetry & ! k9dr$ arts1 b x is h>dly ! "p ( mode/y or discretion = y to =ce y\r quotations ^u a read] :o v likely c>es nei!r = y\r erudition nor ! poets !mselves4 ,x is bad te*nically1 too2 & usually1 z 9 ! case ( ! foll[+ specim51 %[s t ! au?or has a wid] acqua9tance ) ! poets ?an ) ! rhetoricians4 ,alg]non ,long 0 n a p]son ( unbalanc$ m9d1 nor 0 he sup]/iti\s 9 8 int]pretations ( signs1 visions & dreams to :i* s _m atta* sup]natural importance2 he 0 simply a successful man ( ! _w1 full ( life & buoyancy1 devot$ to 8 occupation1 t ( a /ock-brok]1 & to 8 dome/ic & social relations4 ,& yet he believ$ ) ,"l ,byron1 t ,our life is tw(old2 sleep ha? its own _w1 ,& a wide realm ( wild reality1 ,& dreams t 9 _! developm5t h brea?1 ,& te>s & tortures & ! t\* ( joy2 ,!y leave a weight ^u our wak+ ?\ghts1 ,!y take a weight f (f our wak+ toils4 ,!y d divide our be+1 ,!y speak l sibyls ( ! future4 ,a numb] ( 8 mo/ *]i%$ fri5ds _h rec5tly pass$ away into t undiscov]$ c\ntry1 f ^: b\rne no travell] returns4 ,! loss to him 0 intol]able2 ! exp]i5ce ! mo/ pa9ful he _h ev] kn[n4 ,ea* case seem$ m cruel ?an its pr$ecessor2 to himself p]sonally mo/ sugge/ive4 ,he 0 n[ 9 mature manhood1 & c\ld ?or\ghly appreciate ! poet's l9es3 ,life is real1 life is e>ne/1 ,& ! grave is n its goal4 ,s /rong is ! t5d5cy ( ! %ort /ory t[>d simplicity t ev5 figures ( spee* are to be avoid$4 ,?is does n mean t we are c>efully to disc>d any expression :i* savors ( ! figurative3 su* a ?+ w\ld be absurd1 = lit]ature & ev]yday spee* ab\nd 9 figurative language :i* passes curr5t unque/ion$4 ,b figures :i* are introduc$ simply = lit]>y effect are unnatural1 & s are to be avoid$4 ,!y are really digressions1 excresc5ces--beautiful en\gh 9 !mselves1 p]haps1 b assur$ly add+ no beauty to ! n>rative4 ,pr9cipal among su* figures employ$ by amateurs are ! long complex metaphors & similes 9 :i* epic poetry delights2 ! figure ( apo/rophe1 too1 is mu* affect$ by tyros1 because x af=ds !m opportunity to co9 orotund phrases conc]n+ ! irony ( fate1 ! haplessness ( true lov]s1 & k9dr$ favorite topics4 ,=eign words & phrases =m ano!r sad /umbl+ block 9 ! way ( a simple natural /yle4 ,!y h _! uses1 ( c\rse--& "o is to betray ! novice4 ,he fondly imag9es t a spr9kl+ ( ,fr5* phrases gives 8 n>rative a delightful air ( cosmopolitanism2 & t z an evid5ce ( culture a l9e f ,horace or ,hom] is equal to a college degree4 ,s he ?umbs ! back ( 8 diction>y1 culls !refrom trite quotations ) :i* to deck 8 writ+1 & nev] uses an ,engli% ^w :5 he kn[s a simil> ,fr5* "o4 ,! employm5t ( a =eign ^w or phrase to express an idea :i* c be equally well c\*$ 9 ,engli% is ! *eape/ sort ( a lit]>y trick1 & x is ! unmi/akable badge ( hopeless m$iocrity & self-complac5cy4 ,expressions f o!r languages may be judici\sly & legitimately us$ to give local color1 & !y are1 ( c\rse1 indisp5sable 9 ! spee*es ( c]ta9 "* types2 b z a rule !re is no bett] m$ium = y\r ?\ghts ?an good :olesome ,engli%4 ,y w notice t ,i specify ! sort ( ,engli% y %\ld use1 = _m :o avoid =eign idioms fall into ! equally bad habit ( us+ poor & incorrect ,engli%4 ,i am n ref]r+ to ! spee*es ( ! *>act]s1 ^: privileges 9 ?is respect ,i h already discuss$2 b 9 ! necess>y introductory & connective phrases y %\ld take exquisite pa9s to keep y\r ,engli% pure4 ,! use ( slang is ( c\rse absolutely inexcusable1 = x (f5ds aga9/ good ta/e z well z good rhetoric2 b ! employm5t ( words 9 a c>eless or p]v]t$ mean+ is equally condemnable4 ,x is also a mi/ake to use too _m adjectives1 to ?r[ e adjective & adv]b into ! sup]lative degree1 & 9 o!r ways to exagg]ate e expression :i* y use4 ,mu* ( ?is misuse ( words is due to ignorance1 b m to c>elessness or laz9ess2 9 any case y c detect y\r faults if y seek = !m1 & y %\ld take imm$iate /eps to correct !m1 ) ! help ( a diction>y1 or a rhetoric1 or bo?4 ,! /yle ( ! %ort /ory %\ld be easy & fl[+1 s t x %all be pleasant read+4 ,good ideas may be express$ 9 good language & /ill be afflict$ ) a n]v\sness or /iffness ( /yle t w make ! "w difficult ( p]usal1 & s less5 its p[] to hold ! read]4 ,"o ( ! fir/ requisites = ?is desir$ ease is a lightness ( phras+ :i* is at once a matt] ( ?\ght & ( rhetorical con/ruction4 ,try to avoid heav9ess & au/]ity ( ?\ght z mu* z y w\ld simil> qualities 9 writ+4 ,get at ! light]1 bright]1 p]haps m frivol\s side ( ?+s2 d n take y\r "w too s]i\sly1 y are seldom writ+ trag$ies2 p]mit y\rself to be humor\s1 witty1 a little ironical2 d n plunge too deeply into d>k abysses ( metaphysics or !ology4 ,i d n mean t y %\ld n treat ( s]i\s ?+s1 or t y %\ld make light ( s]i\s subjects2 b !re are sev]al ways ( look+ at any matt]1 & ! atmosph]e ( int5se & morbid gloom :i* ,poe ca/s ov] s _m ( 8 weird tales is n *>act]i/ic ( ! %ort /ory 9 g5]al4 ,at ! same "t ,i am f> f advocat+ flippancy or sup]ficiality1 = bo? are deadly s9s 9 lit]ature4 ,i m]ely wi% to impress ^u y ! absurdity ( ! solemn tone :i* "s amateurs seem to ?9k a m>k ( dep? ( ?\ght or feel+4 ,an apt1 simple phrase is ! mo/ =ceful means ( expression kn[n to lit]ature4 ,y\r bright ?\ghts %\ld be express$ 9 words & s5t5ces :i* are 9 !mselves light & easy4 ,!re is a good deal ( diff]5ce betwe5 words :i* may mean ! same ?+1 & x is n altoge!r a matt] ( l5g?4 ,words :i* are heavy & lumb]+1 or h>%1 or sugge/ive ( unpleasant ?\ghts1 %\ld be us$ ) c>e1 = _! ?\ghtless introduction w (t5 injure ! ease ( a passage4 ,tone color 9 words is ( almo/ z mu* importance 9 prose z 9 v]se4 ,simil>ly ! s5t5ce /ructure %\ld be c>efully te/$ = ease4 ,! p]iodic /yle %\ld be practically taboo$3 x is seldom appropriate to ! matt] ( ! %ort /ory1 & x is always heavy & ret>d+4 ,! v %ort s5t5ce1 :i* is s typical ( ! ,fr5*1 may be us$ only 9 mod]ation1 = its excessive employm5t gives a n]v\s j]ky /yle :i* is tiresome & irritat+4 ,among ,am]ican writ]s ,/eph5 ,crane is an awful example ( ?is bumpety-bump me?od ( expression1 ?\gh 8 lat] works %[ a t5d5cy to great] ease4 ,! exclamatory & int]rogative s5t5ces1 ( :i* amateurs use s _m1 "u ! mi/ak5 impression t !y l5d vivacity & vividness1 %\ld be totally es*ew$4 ,!y (f5d aga9/ almo/ e pr9ciple ( ! %ort /ory1 & !y h no?+ to recomm5d !m4 ,usually !y are irrelevant & in>ti/ic asides by ! au?or4 ,! prop] s5t5ce /ructure = ! bulk ( ! %ort /ory is ! simple /raight=w>d decl>ative s5t5ce1 r loose1 ( m$ium l5g?1 t5d+ to %ort at times to avoid monotony & give vividness4 ,exclamation po9ts mu/ be us$ sp>+ly3 a r[ ( ?ree or f\r ( !m at ! end ( a s5t5ce is a sign ( amateurism4 ,! m]e pres5ce ( a po9t ( punctuation w n make a ?rill+ s5t5ce or produce a climax4 ,punctuation m>ks are design$ to draw att5tion to :at already exi/s1 & !y h no inh]5t p[] to create int]e/4 ,v few s5t5ces really ne$ or m]it a m>k ( exclamation2 & if !y are prop]ly con/ruct$ ! read] w feel ! exclamatory =ce1 :e!r ! po9t is express$ or n4 ,italics1 z a me?od ( emphasis1 are seldom necess>y 9 a well-writt5 /ory4 ,!y1 too1 are signs ( :at has already be5 express$1 & n ! expression ( a new =ce4 ,a ^w or a phrase :i* ne$s suffici5t emphasis to excuse italics %\ld be s plac$ t ! read] w involunt>ily give x ! prop] /ress2 & an expression ?us br\ght into notice f> exce$s 9 importance "o :i* owes its prom95ce to a m]e *ange 9 type4 ,words 9 /ill m />+ type--small capitals or capitals--are entirely out ( place4 ,f9ally1 ! /yle ( ! %ort /ory %\ld be concise4 ,"o ( ! difficulties ( ! %ort /ory1 ! %ort /ory %>es ) ! actual drama1 & t is ! indisp5sabl5ess ( compression--! ne$ t e s5t5ce %all tell4#dd ,x is n suffici5t t all irrelevant ideas be c>efully prun$ away2 all unnecess>y fullness ( expression mu/ likewise be cut1 t ! phras+ ( ! /ory may always be crisp & to ! po9t4 ,?is is sometimes a matt] ( ! expung+ ( a sup]flu\s ^w or phrase2 b x is fully z (t5 a reca/+ ( a s5t5ce s z to avoid r$undancy4 ,! object ( ?is concis5ess is tw(old3 to wa/e z little z possible ( ! valuable & abridg$ space ( ! %ort /ory1 & to make ! movem5t ( ! language z quick z ! action ( ! plot4 ,! fault to be avoid$ "h is commonly call$ padd+4 ,briefly speak+ ! t]m padd+1 z appli$ to a piece ( lit]ature1 d5otes ! pres5ce ( irrelevant matt]4 ,x may consi/ ( ! introduction ( sc5es1 p]sons1 episodes1 conv]sations or g5]al obs]vations :i* h no "p 9 advanc+ ! action2 or1 m dang]\s /ill1 x may consi/ ( ! pres5ce ( occasional words & phrases :i* l5g!n & p]haps r\nd out ! s5t5ces )\t add+ to _! value4 ,irrelevant sc5es1 p]sons1 episodes1 conv]sations & g5]al obs]vations h already be5 discuss$ at l5g?1 & ne$ no fur!r treatm5t "h4 ,b ,i mu/ w>n ! novice aga9/ t mo/ insidi\s =m ( padd+ :i* is responsible = s _m long & dre>y s5t5ces1 clutt]$ ) repetiti\s words & phrases :i* ret>d ! n>rative & exasp]ate ! read]4 ,?is r$undancy is a rhetorical fault1 :i* is be/ correct$ by a return to ! old s*ool day me?ods ( te/+ a s5t5ce = coh]5ce4 ,x mu/ be correct$1 & t vigor\sly & radically1 = x is fatal to a good %ort /ory /yle4 ,an in/ance ( h[ mu* /ress editors lay ^u procur+ only ! conc5trat$ extract ( ! /ory-tell]'s art may be f\nd 9 a lett] receiv$ by a "y writ] f ! editor ( a prom95t publication3 ,we w pay #ajj = y\r /ory z x is4 ,if y c r$uce x a ?ird1 we w pay y #aej2 if a half1 #bjj4 ,concise mu/ n be und]/ood to mean exhau/ive1 = x is bad policy to leave no?+ to ! imag9ation ( ! read]4 ,! av]age p]son is fond ( read+ betwe5 ! l9es1 & usually prides himself ^u 8 ability 9 ?is respect2 accord+ly he is easily exasp]at$ ) ! exhau/ive /yle :i* leaves no *ance = ! ex]cise ( 8 subtle p[]1 :ile he takes huge delight 9 exp&+ ! sly h9ts :i* ! kn[+ writ] ?r[s out = 8 b5efit4 ,su* a read] nev] /ops to consid] t he has fall5 into a skillfully laid trap2 he complim5ts ! au?or ^u 8 arti/ic me?od & turns f ! /ory well pleas$ ) himself & ) ! writ]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 some?+ m ?an a pamp]+ ( pride 9 ! *>m ( ?is sugge/ive me?od3 x enables ! writ] to ca/ a light veil ( unc]ta9ty ov] r bald facts1 & ?us to ma9ta9 t romantic glam\r ( unreality :i* plays s important a "p 9 fiction4 ,a good /yle c be acquir$ by ! ex]cise ( k1 pati5ce & labor4 ,! fir/ requisite is a practical work+ k ( rhetoric & ,engli% composition4 ,x seems absurd to suppose t any "o w\ld attempt to write /ories )\t be+ able to write correct ,engli%1 b at lea/ two-?irds ( ! /ories submitt$ to editors conta9 inexcusable grammatical & rhetorical errors2 & _m ( ! faults :i* ,i h f\nd x necess>y to discuss 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is *apt] are matt]s ( rhetoric4 ,if y _c write correct ,engli% n[1 set ab\t p]fect+ y\rself 9 t respect be=e y d>e to essay /ory tell+4 ,!re are books & correspond5ce c\rses galore :i* w assi/ y4 ,if y won't d t y _h bett] turn y\r en]gies 9 "s o!r direction1 = y h nei!r ! c\rage nor ! _s necess>y = a successful %ort /ory writ]4 ,y\r next duty is to cultivate y\r individuality4 ,/yle is ! p]sonal impress :i* a writ] inevitably sets ^u 8 production4 ,x is t "* 9 :at is writt5 :i* results f ! fact t ^! ?\ghts & emotions h be5 ^? ( ! au?or r ?an ( any o!r human be+4 ,x is ! expression ( "o man's individuality1 z sure & z unique z ! s\nd ( 8 voice1 ! look f 8 eye1 or ! impr9t ( 8 ?umb4#de ,e p]son :o has any call to write has a /rong p]sonality--an orig9al mann] ( look+ at life & ( treat+ its problems4 ,he wi%es s to influ5ce ! _w by ?is p]sonality t x w cons5t to see ?r\gh 8 eyes1 or w at lea/ li/5 pati5tly to :at he sees4 ,x is ?is ego1 ?is t is ! man himself1 t he really desires to %[ ?r\gh 8 writ+s4 ,8 fir/ /ep1 !n1 is to cultivate ?is individuality1 to tra9 8 orig9ality1 s to speak1 9 ord] t he may see ev]y?+ 9 a new & di/9ctive light4 ,he %\ld also give att5tion to ! expression ( 8 p]sonality4 ,x is n suffici5t t he %all see life at a new angle1 b he mu/ s tra9 himself t he %all be able to put 9 an orig9al way ! new phases :i* 8 individuality has discov]$4 ,x is ?is expression ( ! individuality :i* causes s mu* tr\ble1 = hundr$s ( /ories are writt5 :i* %[ orig9ality 9 conception1 b :i* fall into conv5tionality 9 ! execution4 ,! be/ way to express y\r p]sonality is to be p]fectly natural1 & say exactly :at y ?9k2 any labor$ /riv+ aft] effects w produce an artificial /yle :i* w be fatal to success4 ,x is a great aid to ! atta9m5t ( a good /yle ?or\ghly to und]/& y\r own m9d be=e y put p5 to pap]4 ,x may seem odd t y %\ld be ignorant ( y\r own ideas on a subject1 b (t5 difficulty ( expression is due to indecision ( m9d4 ,vagu5ess or confusion ( ideas 9 a writ]'s m9d is always ! precursor ( a poor /yle4 ,too (t51 /ruck by a happy ?\ght1 he attempts to put x on pap] be=e x has yet suffici5t def9it5ess ( =m to ju/ify expression1 & :5 he w\ld project x into writ+ he loses ! ?\ght 9 a mass ( ! v words 9 :i* he seeks to voice x4 ,aga91 ! writ]'s m9d may conta9 sev]al jumbl$ ideas1 ea* "o good 9 itself b totally indep5d5t ( ! o!rs2 & if he attempts to express any p>ticul> "o be=e x has _h "t to dis5tangle itself1 x is b\nd to br+ ) x portions ( o!r & di/9ct ideas4 ,cle> ?9k+ is ! basis ( cle> writ+2 & cle> writ+ prev5ts ! *ief errors t ?reat5 y\r /yle4 ,/udy ! /ories ( great writ]s2 y "k :at p>ts mo/ tr\ble y--comp>e y\r "w ) t ( o!rs & see h[ !y h obta9$ ! effect t y desire to produce4 ,x is n wise to limit y\r /udy to any "o writ]4 ,y\r /yle %\ld possess a c]ta9 flexibility1 to enable x to adapt itself readily to y\r v>y+ !mes1 & y %\ld ma/] ! me?ods ( all good writ]s2 if y h suffici5t individuality to h any excuse = writ+ y ne$ h little fe> ( imitat+ !m too closely4 ,= /yle alone x is bett] to conf9e y\rself to ! m mod]n writ]s4 ,!re is always a *ange 9 /yle1 if n exactly a progression1 f "o lit]>y g5]ation to ! next1 & y %\ld aim at con=mity to ! canons ( y\r own age4 ,^? e>ly ma/]s ( ! %ort /ory1 ,irv+1 ,haw?orne & ,poe1 _h a t5d5cy t[>d a diffuse1 almo/ discursive /yle1 :i* is n mu* 9 vogue n[4 ,_! ease & elegance are mo/ comm5dable1 b !y lo/ some:at m 9 =ce & concis5ess ?an is ?\ght correct to-day4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #dd3 ,! ,%ort ,/ory1 by ,fr$]ick ,w$more4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,m>41 '#ih4 ,footnote #de3 ,talks on ,writ+ ,engli%1 by ,arlo ,bates4 ,*apt] on ,/yle4 ,,xii ,,! ,,labor ,,( ,,au?or%ip ,because lit]ature is an art & y h a lean+ t[>d x1 d n !re=e consid] y\rself a g5ius & s exempt f "w4 ,!re is no royal road to success1 & no "o ev] yet won a high place 9 ! _w ( lett]s :o did n e>n x by ! sweat ( 8 br[4 ,9 ^! days lit]ature is j z mu* a trade z boil]mak+3 x has its tools & its rules2 & if "o likes 8 occupation1 he w naturally make bett] /ories--or boil]s4 ,t is all !re is to g5ius--! matt] ( aptitude = a c]ta9 ?+2 & ev5 t c be to a great degree cultivat$4 ,if a man1 ) absolutely no k ( ! tools & me?ods ( ! craft1 attempt to make a boil]1 he w create a deal ( noise b no boil]s1 ?\gh he may be well pleas$ ) 8 own ef=ts2 & s x is ) writ+4 ,s ev5 if y\r lit]>y ef=ts are prais$ by fri5ds & publi%$ by local editors1 don't get ! idea into y\r head t ! _w at l>ge is sigh+ = ! products ( y\r p53 x is f> m likely t y\r fri5ds' enc\ragem5t is prompt$ r by reg>d = y ?an by any real m]it 9 y\r "w1 & t ! editor's *ief desire is to get *eap copy4 ,y w le>n lat] t ! true/ e/imate ( y\r "w comes f ^? :o "k y ! lea/1 & t usually criticism is valuable 9 inv]se proportion to ! reg>d :i* ! critic has = y4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y feel t1 :atev] ! real wor? ( y\r pres5t "w1 !re is t )9 y :i* dem&s utt]ance1 y w mode/ly accept ?is e>ly adulation z prophetic ( ! true fame to come1 & w g ab\t y\r writ+ 9 all humility & s]i\sness1 ) t c>eful1 plodd+ application :i* alone succe$s4 ,s9ce z a /ory writ] y purpose h&l+ life 9 all its v>i$ phases1 x is necess>y t y %\ld acquire an intimate k ( x4 ,?is y may d 9 sev]al ways1 z already indicat$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 b d x y mu/1 & s]i\sly4 ,y mu/ h 9 y\r possession & ready = in/ant use a l>ge & v>i$ assortm5t ( facts1 incid5ts1 odd *>act]s1 impressions1 & all ! o!r miscellane\s details t g to ! mak+ ( a good /ory4 ,h[ev] y may ga9 ?is mat]ial x is be/ n to dep5d too mu* on y\r memory to reta9 x & to produce x promptly at ! prop] "t4 ,! human memory is apt to be trea*]\s & unreliable4 ,x w v likely fail to reta9 ! important details ( a usable actual occurr5ce1 z well z ! bright idea 9 connection ) x :i* fla%$ across y\r m9d :5 fir/ y f\nd x4 ,! only safe way is = y to keep a scrap book & a note book1 or p]haps a comb9ation ( ! two1 9 :i* y may pres]ve crude mat]ial1 bright ideas1 & all sorts ( odds & ends :i* y ?9k may be ( use to y at "s future day4 ,mu* t y c>efully pres]ve w nev] be ( s]vice to y1 b y _c af=d to risk los+ possible good matt] ?r\gh failure to make note ( x4 ,i w\ld c\nsel ! "y writ] to keep a note book1 & to make1 z reg>ds ! use ( x1 nulla dies s9e l9ea 8 rev]$ motto4 ,x is a great deal bett] t he %\ld h 8 notes too copi\s ?an too meagre4 ,by fill+ page aft] page ) jott+s ( ?\ghts1 fancies1 impressions1 ev5 d\bts & surmises ( ! vague/ k9d--( a k9d :i* he himself c only und]/& at ! "t & p]haps may aft]w>d fail to recollect :5 re-read+ !m--he w nev]1 9 ! long run1 acc\nt himself a los]4#df ,:5 f9ally putt+ y\r ideas into concrete =m d n dep5d too mu* on ! mom5t ( inspiration4 ,x is n my int5tion to ridicule ?is mo/ valuable inc5tive to arti/ic "w4 ,i believe 9 x ?or\ghly :5 x is g5u9e1 & ,i w\ld advise y to take all advantage ( x4 ,da% (f y\r /ory z swiftly z y w--! swift] ! bett]1 = if x runs easily f y\r p5 x /&s a bett] *ance ( be+ spontane\s4 ,b we are n all ( u gift$ ) ! ability to "w 9 ?is mann]1 nor w all !mes p]mit ( su* treatm5t4 ,a %ort /ory t y c ru% ?r\gh at a sitt+ %\ld be view$ ) skepticism3 ei!r x is a p]fect "w ( g5ius1 & y h a ,heav5-s5t call to write2 or1 & m probably1 x is too trite & trivial to ju/ify ! exp5diture ( s]i\s labor ^u x1 & y\r inspiration 0 m]ely a flu% ( vanity4 ,z = tru/+ to ! 'inspir$ mom5t1' or wait+ = x1 or deplor+ its delay1 he 7! "y au?or7 %\ld take he$ h[ he p]mits any su* folly or sup]/ition to clut* him 9 its vitiat+ grasp4 ',inspiration' ei!r means1 ) a writ]1 good m5tal & physical heal?1 or x has no mean+ :atev]4444 ,late h\rs & /imulants are especially fatal to ! "y writ] :5 bo? are employ$ 9 ! s5se ( lit]>y co-adjutors4#dg ,!re is1 ,i believe1 no great] fallacy ?an tru/+ to inspiration1 except t ( believ+ t a c]ta9 mood is necess>y = writ+4 ,n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( ! be/ lit]>y "w is done by m5 :o write to live1 :o "k t !y mu/ write1 & :o d write1 :e!r ! wea!r is f9e or ra9y1 :e!r !y l _! breakfa/ or n1 :e!r !y are hot or cold1 :e!r !y are 9 love1 happily or unhappily1 ) wom5 or !mselves4 ,( c\rse1 a man :o has liv$ by 8 p5 = ye>s1 f9ds out by exp]i5ce ! h\rs = work+ :i* suit him be/2 b a beg9n] %\ld be me?odical4 ,he %\ld g to 8 desk z any o!r workman goes to 8 "w1 aft] breakfa/2 re/ & eat 9 ! middle ( ! day1 & "w aga9 9 ! aft]noon4 ,he %\ld nev] beg9 by writ+ at night1 unless he is oblig$ to d s4 ,he w1 ( c\rse1 (t5 sit at ! table = an h\r or m )\t writ+ a ^w1 b if he w only ?9k consci5ti\sly ( :at he meant to d1 he w f9d ! way to d x4 ,! ev5+ is ! "t to read1 & ! night is ! "t to sleep4#dh ,?is dep5d5ce on g5ius & inspiration is "o ( ! reasons :y ! _w is s full ( unlit]>y writ]s1 & :y s _m ( real tal5t fail ( success4 ,x is v easy1 9 ! flu% ( composition1 to consid] y\rself gift$ above y\r fell[s1 & to g on writ+ reams ( bo% t ev5 y w\ld despise1 if y c\ld view x ) an unprejudic$ eye2 & x is equally easy to p]suade y\rself t any?+ t comes f y\r p5 mu/ be incapable ( improvem5t1 & t if y\r writ+s sell1 y h rea*$ ! goal4 ,b ei!r delusion is fatal4 ,9 %ort1 inspiration & all its att5dant follies are b ! conv5tional accompanim5ts ( lit]>y toil1 :i* may be affect$ by ! dilettante = ! fur!r+ ( 8 pret5se at art1 b :i* h no place 9 ! ?\ghts or plans ( ! s]i\s work]4 ,su* inspiration z y may ne$ to keep y\r "w fre% & arti/ic w come to y f ! zeal & int]e/ ) :i* y approa* y\r task4 ,if y g to x half-he>t$ly1 lazy 9 body & m9d1 & ready at ! fir/ opportunity to put x all (f till ! morr[1 y w accompli% little1 !n or ev]2 b if1 on ! contr>y1 y w squ>e y\rself to y\r writ+ z to a physical labor1 & w conc5trate all ! p[]s & en]gies ( y\r m9d ^u ! "w 9 h&1 ! v =ce ( y\r w & y\r desire w create )9 y an en?usiasm :i* w be ( f> m practical value to y ?an any *eap inspiration drawn f "s ,p>nassian spr+4 ,y c1 9 fact1 by ?is v bus9ess-l me?od ( work+1 create on dem& a species ( inspiration1 or m5tal vigor1 :i* w enable y1 n exactly to da% (f a ma/]piece ) no real ef=t on y\r "p1 b to a*ieve by actual labor ^? ?+s :i* y desire to d4 ,!re is mu*1 too1 9 go+ to y\r "w regul>ly1 ev5 z a c>p5t] to 8 b5*2 = ! m5tal processes t produce good %ort /ories are capable ( cultivation & control2 &1 l all functions ( ! bra91 !y approa* ! ne>e/ to p]fection :5 !y fall into some?+ ( a r\t9e ( habit4 ,inde$1 !y may be s f> regulat$ t at ! usual h\r = _! ex]cise !y w be n only active b urg5t1 s t y w g to y\r "w ) an appetite z he>ty z t ) :i* y welcome ! d9n] h\r4 ,d n be afraid ( ! manual labor ( au?or%ip--! writ+ & rewrit+1 ! te/+ & correct+1 ! p]si/5t & ?or\gh lick+ into %ape :i* gives ! f9al poli% to y\r "w4 ,nev] s5d an editor a p5cil$1 smut*$1 & disord]ly ,,ms41 ) a note say+1 ,i j da%$ ?is (f la/ night & s5d x "r on4 ,su* "w is =$oom$ to failure4 ,b :5 y\r /ory is f9i%$ lay x away )\t ev5 read+ x ov] & let x get cold2 leave x = a week1 or two weeks1 or ev5 long] if possible--don't ev5 ?9k ( x2 !n br+ x =? & read x ov] c>efully & critically1 take y\r blue p5cil1 h>d5 y\r he>t1 & rework x ru?lessly4 ,9 ! fir/ draft y are b\nd to slight c]ta9 places or to make c]ta9 errors1 :i* y w\ld correct 9 ! c\rse ( a c>eful revision4 ,!re w be "s half-=m$ ?\ght :i* w ne$ elaboration1 or "s ^w :i* 0 n q ! "r "o1 b :i* y let pass le/ y lose y\r tra9 ( ?\ght2 & !re is almo/ sure to be "s word9ess :i* w ne$ cutt+ away4 ,=1 if ! practice ( composition be useful1 ! labori\s "w ( correct+ is no less s3 x is inde$ absolutely necess>y to our reap+ any b5efit f ! habit ( composition4 ,:at we h writt5 %\ld be laid by = "s little "t1 till ! ardor ( composition be pa/1 till ! fondness = ! expressions we h us$ be worn (f1 & ! expressions !mselves be =gott52 & !n review+ our "w ) a cool & critical eye1 z if x 7 ! p]=mance ( ano!r1 we %all disc]n _m imp]fections :i* at fir/ escap$ u4 ,!n is ! "r season = prun+ r$undances2 = weigh+ ! arrangem5t ( s5t5ces2 = att5d+ to ! junctures & connect+ p>ticles2 & br++ /yle into a regul>1 correct1 & support$ =m4 ,?is ',limae ,labor' mu/ be submitt$ to by all :o communicate _! ?\ghts ) prop] advantage to o!rs2 & "s practice 9 x w soon %>p5 _! eye to ! mo/ necess>y objects ( att5tion1 & r5d] x a mu* m easy & practicable "w ?an might at fir/ be imag9$4#di ,x is ?is la/ c>eful1 m9ute te/+ & poli%+ :i* w det]m9e :e!r or no y are s]i\s 9 y\r endeavor to break into lit]ature1 = "h ! real labor ( au?or%ip beg9s4 ,all t w5t be=e 0 simply *ild's play comp>$ to ?is grubb+1 plodd+1 t9k]+1 & pat*+1 & pott]+2 s if y h no /oma* = ?is1 y _h bett] le>n a trade4 ,:atev] y d1 take pa9s ) x4 ,try at lea/ to write good ,engli%3 le>n to criticise & correct y\r "w3 put y\r be/ into e s5t5ce4 ,if y are too lazy & c>eless to d t1 bett] g into a trade or politics3 x is easi] to become a ,congressman or millionaire ?an a real au?or1 & we h too _m bad /ory-tell]s z x is4#ej ,if y w pursue ?is labor ( revision c\rage\sly y w spe$ily f9d an improvem5t 9 ! quality ( y\r f9i%$ "w4 ,y w also f9d t y\r manuscripts ne$ less aft] att5tion1 = ! lessons le>n$ 9 ^! c>eful re-work+s w be unconsci\sly appli$ dur+ composition4 ,f ! alphabetic slov5l9ess :i* w n =m its lett]s legibly nor put 9 its commas1 to ! lack ( self-acqua9tance :i* results 9 total disability to judge "o's own products1 x is too con/antly 9 evid5ce t ^? :o aspire to fe$ o!r m9ds are !mselves 9 ne$ ( discipl9e4444 ,x is )9 b\nds to say t n "o accept$ manuscript out ( t5 is fit to g to ! pr9t] z x /&s4#ea ,d n be s lazy or s c>eless z to slight ! little ?+s1 ! m]e me*anical details1 :i* g to make a p]fect /ory & a pres5table manuscript4 ,!re are sev]al di/9ct classes ( errors to look =3 faults ( gramm>1 su* z ! mix+ ( figures ( spee*4 ,faults ( agreem5t ( v]bs & p>ticiples 9 numb] :5 collective n\ns are ref]r$ to4 ,faults ( rhetoric1 su* z ! mix+ ( moods & t5ses1 & ! ta/e1 su* z ! use ( words ) a disagreeable or mislead+ atmosph]e ab\t !m1 ?\gh _! /rict mean+ makes _! use correct en\gh4 ,faults ( repetition ( ! same ^w 9 diff]+ s5ses 9 ! same s5t5ce or p>agraph4 ,faults ( t$i\sness ( phras+ or explanation4 ,faults ( lack ( cle>ness 9 express+ ! exact mean+4 ,faults ( s5tim5tal use ( language1 t is1 fall+ into f9e phrases :i* h no di/9ct mean+--! mo/ discordant fault ( all4 ,faults ( digression 9 ! /ructure ( ! /ory4#eb ,faults 9 gramm> & rhetoric are too easily correct$ to be all[$ to /& 9 ! way ( y\r success1 & ,i h already %[$ y h[ y may p]fect y\rself 9 ^! ess5tials4 ,= !y are ess5tials1 & s mu* m important ?an _m "y writ]s ?9k1 t ,i believe ,i am p]fectly safe 9 say+ t no "o :o makes gl>+ rhetorical or grammatical errors has ev] writt5 a successful %ort /ory4 ,9 spell+1 too1 !re is absolutely no excuse = errors2 y surely "k if y are weak 9 ?is respect1 & ! use ( ev5 a small diction>y w enable y to avoid mi/akes4 ,e magaz9e has its own rules = punctuation & p>agraph+1 9 accordance ) :i* an accept$ ,,ms4 is edit$ be=e x is giv5 to ! compositor2 b t is no good reason :y y %\ld neglect to prep>e y\r ,,ms4 prop]ly4 ,! g5]al rules are few & easily und]/ood1 & !y enable y to give y\r "w def9ite =m & arrangem5t1 & make x mu* m easy to read4 ,an editor :o f9ds a ,,ms4 lack+ 9 ^! less] ess5tials w be apt to ?r[ x aside ) b a sup]ficial p]usal1 naturally judg+ t x w also lack ! high] attributes4 ,f9ally1 j be=e s5d+ y\r /ory out = editorial consid]ation1 g ov] x once m ) ! utmo/ c>e & pa9/ak+ly te/ e p>agraph1 e s5t5ce1 e ^w1 to see fir/ if x is necess>y1 & second if x is "r4 ,if at any po9t y f9d y\rself que/ion+ :at y h writt51 d n call y\r "w complete until y h revis$ x1 n only to y\r own satisfaction1 b s t y hone/ly feel t ! read]1 too1 w be satisfi$4 ,if y _c at ! "t arrive at a satisfactory expression ( y\r ?\ght1 put ! /ory aside = ! "t be+ & try aga9 lat] :5 y c come to x afre%4 ,x is ?is unwe>i$ labor :i* 9 ! end spells success4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #df3 ,"s ,advice to ,"y ,au?ors1 by ,edw>d ,fawcett4 ,! ,indep5d5t4 ,may #ad1 '#if4 ,footnote #dg3 ,"s ,advice to ,"y ,au?ors1 by ,edg> ,fawcett4 ,! ,indep5d5t4 ,may #ad1 '#if4 ,footnote #dh3 ,! ,art ( ,au?or%ip4 ,edit$ by ,george ,ba9ton4 ,*apt] by ,f4 ,m>ion ,craw=d4 ,footnote #di3 ,lectures on ,rhetoric & ,belles ,lett]s1 by ,hugh ,blair4 ,lecture ,,xix4 ,footnote #ej3 ,bad ,/ory-,tell+1 by ,fr$]ick ,m4 ,bird4 ,lipp9cott's4 ,oct41 '#ig4 ,footnote #ea3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #eb3 ,h[ to ,write ,fiction4 ,anonym\s4 ,bellaires ,co41 ,london4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,xiii ,,! ,,que/ ,,( ,a ,,m>ket ,ev5 :5 8 /ory is complete ! writ] has n yet come to ! end ( 8 difficulties1 = he has /ill to f9d a m>ket = 8 "w4 ,s9ce he is writ+ = publication1 & n = ! m]e love ( composition1 ?is que/ ( a m>ket is an important matt]1 = by 8 success 9 ?is respect ! writ] mu/ judge 8 *ances ( ultimate & mat]ial success z a %ort /ory writ]4 ,!re is no disput+ ! fact t good "w w f9d acceptance ev5tually1 b sometimes ! delay is s long t ! writ] almo/ loses hope4 ,he usually goes ab\t m>ket+ 8 w>es 9 a haphaz>d fa%ion2 & a w>n+ ^w or two at ?is po9t may enable him to rem$y "s ( ! mi/akes :i* may ret>d if n prev5t ! success ( really m]itori\s "w4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 consid] y\r /ory hone/ly & )\t prejudice1 & make sure t x does des]ve publication4 ,get an unbias$ op9ion on x f "s real critic1 if y c1 & give "s weight to :at he says4 ,nev]1 l _m novices ,i h kn[n1 s5d out a ,,ms4 ) an accompany+ note say+ t y "k y\r /ory is n q up to /&>d1 & t y c\ld improve x if y _h ! "t1 b t y hope ! editor w make an exception 9 y\r favor 9 ord] to enc\rage y4 ,editors are n paid to d t sort ( ?+2 & if y y\rself h n complete confid5ce 9 y\r /ory y h no bus9ess to inflict x ^u an editor4 ,if y ent] ! pr(ession ( /ory writ+ 9 t _s y w fail1 absolutely & des]v$ly1 to ga9 aught b rebuffs by y\r labors2 & inde$1 y\r labor w be s slight & half he>t$ t y _c hone/ly expect any satisfactory return f x4 ,em]son's advice1 ,hit* y\r wagon to a />1 is an excell5t rule = ! "y writ]4 ,) y lit]ature may be a pr(ession z well z an art1 b y %\ld n p]mit y\rself to be too easily satisfi$ ) mat]ial success4 ,d n be cont5t j because y get y\r "w publi%$1 or because y are sure y write z well z "s ( y\r contempor>ies2 always try to rise above ! cr[d & to be "o ( ! few :o set ! /&>d = ! multitude4 ,if y\r /ories are accept$ by "o magaz9e1 try to break into ano!r t is a little m p>ticul>2 if y succe$ 9 "o /yle ( lit]ature1 try to w9 laurels 9 a high] class ( "w4 ,x is ?is con/ant /riv+ t br+s ultimate success--f9ancial & arti/ic4 ,if y all[ y\rself to be easily cont5t ) y\r "w & y\r receipts !refrom1 y w spe$ily fall into a rut1 become old fogy & dull1 & "o day w f9d y\rself ) a desk full ( reject$ ,,mss41 & no hope = a bright] future4 ,at ! same "t1 !re are almo/ z _m grades ( /ories z !re are publications us+ !m1 & ) b few exceptions y may endeavor to satisfy all ta/es4 ,a /ory :i* is too slight = a high class magaz9e may be well adapt$ to ! ne$s ( a newspap] syndicate2 & ?\gh x w\ld be fatal = y to take ! newspap] /ory = y\r /&>d1 !re c be no objection to y\r mak+ occasional contributions to t class ( lit]ature4 ,inde$1 x is probable t at ! outset y w be =c$ to cont5t y\rself ) writ+ = syndicates & m9or magaz9es1 ?\gh y may aim = ! pages ( ! be/ mon?lies3 ^? old e/abli%$ publications are bo? cons]vative & ov]/ock$1 & ?\gh !y are ready en\gh to exam9e ,,mss41 !y are sl[ to accept ! "w ( a "y writ]4 ,b ev5 among ! few magaz9es :i* c be call$ fir/ class !re are wide diff]5ces ( op9ion z to :at con/itutes a good /ory1 & a ,,ms4 :i* "o w reject decid$ly ano!r may accept gladly4 ,x is y\r fir/ bus9ess to acqua9t y\rself ) ! g5]al /yle ( ! magaz9e to :i* y desire to contribute2 or1 if y\r /ory is already writt51 to make sure t its acceptance is n =bidd5 by ! policy ( ! publication to :i* y submit x4 ,x is a wa/e ( "t & po/age to s5d a /ory ( adv5ture to a magaz9e :i* publi%es only tales ( love4 ,! timel9ess1 or seasonal appropriat5ess1 ( a /ory may h mu* influ5ce ^u its success 9 ! m>ket4 ,ea* season ( ! ye> has its peculi> lit]ature1 & editors 9 g5]al place s mu* /ress ^u timel9ess t a glance at ! cont5ts ( a magaz9e w (t5 tell y )9 a mon? ( its date ( issue4 ,!re are ! blizz>d /ories1 :i* are due ab\t ,janu>y2 & ! vacation /ories1 :i* beg9 to appe> 9 ,july1 & ! /ories ( holly & mi/letoe & /ock+s1 :i* come ) ! ,*ri/mas season4 ,likewise1 we h special /ories = ,new ,ye>s'1 ,/4 ,val5t9e's ,day1 ,wa%+ton's ,bir?day1 ,ea/]1 ,may ,day1 ,memorial ,day1 ,f\r? ( ,july1 ,?anksgiv+1 & a ho/ ( m9or special occasions4 ,! plot & matt] = ^! /ories ( occasions are s trite & conv5tional t x is a wond] t ! read+ public did n rebel aga9/ !m long ago2 b !re is a con/ant dem& = su* /ories1 & ! writ] :o c give ! old plots "s fre%ness is sure ( a good m>ket4 ,su* /ories %\ld always be submitt$ at lea/ ?ree mon?s be=e !y are to be us$1 = special editions are compil$ f> 9 advance2 b a /ory ( ?is "* is always a m>ketable commodity & may be c>ri$ ov] f ye> to ye> )\t det]ioration4 ,( a m ephem]al type are ! /ories ^: timel9ess dep5ds ^u _! co9cid+ ) ! curr5t fa%ion 9 %ort /ories4 ,= !re are fa%ions 9 lit]ature j z surely z 9 matt]s ( dress1 & %ort /ories are peculi>ly subject to su* *anges4 ,a few ye>s ago dialect 0 all ! cry1 & a /ory 0 judg$ & valu$ accord+ to ! am\nt ( un9telligible gibb]i% t x conta9$2 be=e t romantic adv5ture 0 mo/ 9 dem&2 & /ill e>li] x 0 bald realism2 at ! "t ( writ+ 7,spr+ ( #aijj7 w> /ories hold fir/ place 9 popul> e/eem4 ,! reason = ! pres5t /yle is obvi\s1 b 9 g5]al ^! modes are difficult to expla9 & almo/ impossible to =eca/4 ,su* /ories conta9 no new plot1 & = _! timel9ess dep5d entirely ^u ! introduction ( ! curr5t fa%ion1 :atev] x may be2 b !y af=d a grateful v>iety to ! r monoton\s run ( light fiction4 ,!y also (f] ! up-to-date writ] unusual opportunities to ga9 editorial favor1 = a /ory obs]vant ( ! curr5t mode is sure ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,y %\ld make x a rule f ! />t nev] to give away a /ory = ! m]e sake ( see+ y\r "n 9 pr9t4 ,:at is wor? writ+ & publi%+ is wor? be+ paid =4 ,don't let a publi%] p]suade y t ! appe>ance ( y\r "w 9 8 j\rnal w br+ y a fame & a "n t w enable y to sell ,,mss4 else:]e4 ,e editor kn[s h[ su* a man gets 8 matt]1 & values 8 contributors accord+ly2 & e publication :i* c assi/ y 9 y\r c>e] pays = :atev] matt] x uses4 ,besides1 by giv+ away y\r /ories y injure ! lit]>y m>ket1 bo? = y\rself & = y\r fell[ work]s4 ,if all writ]s resolutely decl9$ to "p ) _! "w except = a ca% equival5t1 ^? s*em+ editors w\ld soon be br\ght to "t & =c$ to pay = matt] to fill _! columns4 ,sp>e no pa9s to make y\r ,,mss4 neat & legible4 ,! fact t y are z yet little kn[n is und\bt$ly aga9/ y2 y\r m]e "n has no p[] to exact a c>eful p]usal ( y\r /ory1 & a judgm5t 9 accordance ) its m]its2 s x is y\r bus9ess to ga9 t favor by mak+ x easy = ! editor4 ,! "q ( legibility sums up ! :ole tale4 ,! av]age editor always has 8 desk pil$ high ) unsolicit$ ,,mss4 f unkn[n writ]s :i* he mu/ worry ?r\gh aft] a fa%ion1 le/ some?+ really good %\ld escape him4 ,he is consci5ti\s en\gh1 b he is always ov]work$1 & he has le>n$ by exp]i5ce to judge a ,,ms4 almo/ at a glance4 ,if he reads beyond ! fir/ page ( y\r /ory1 x is good evid5ce t he f\nd !re some?+ ( m]it1 ev5 ?\gh he f9ally reject x4 ,a p5cil$ ,,ms41 or "o t is writt5 on bo? sides ( ! pap]1 w h>dly get a pass+ glance4 ,ev5 a neat p5-writt5 ,,ms4 w f>e little bett]1 = to ! editor a typewritt5 /ory means n only easy read+ b probably "s exp]i5ce on ! "p ( ! au?or4 ,h y\r /ory typewritt51 !n1 by "s "o :o c put x 9 pres5table %ape1 s t x w look bus9ess l4 ,= mail+ x is be/ to fold x z little z possible2 ! l>ge legal envelope1 requir+ two folds1 is mo/ us$4 ,unless ! ,,ms4 is bulky or is on unusually small %eets1 x is be/ to fold x at lea/ once1 = if s5t flat x usually arrives 9 a crumpl$ /ate4 ,nev] roll x1 "u any circum/ances1 = a ,,ms4 once roll$ c nev] be smoo!d out1 & no editor w bo!r ) x4 ,make ! lett] accompany+ y\r /ory z %ort & bus9ess l z possible4 ,don't tell ! editor y\r family hi/ory or relate h[ y came to write ! /ory2 don't ask him = criticisms or sugge/ions2 say t y submit su* a ,,ms4 subject to 8 approval1 & give y\r "n & address4 ,t is all he c>es to "k ab\t y4 ,always enclose /amps = return ( ,,ms4--or1 bett] yet1 a /amp$ & self-address$ envelope2 nev] be s small or s c>eless z to und]pay ! po/age4 ,x is ( c\rse y\r privilege to put a price ^u any matt] t y may submit = publication2 b unless ! magaz9e editorially reque/s a set price ,i %\ld advise y to leave t matt] to ! editor1 & to submit y\r "w at ! usual rates4 ,x is a peculi>ity ( ! lit]>y bus9ess t usually ! buy] r ?an ! sell] makes ! t]ms1 & until y\r "n has a value y are h>dly 9 position to run c\nt] to cu/om4 ,nor is x likely t y h _h suffici5t exp]i5ce to enable y to e/imate y\r "w ju/ly4 ,y ne$ h no fe> ( be+ *eat$1 = a reputable publi%+ h\se is always will+ to pay a fit price = suitable ,,mss4 ,x w d y no good to get a lett] f "s well kn[n au?or or public p]son recomm5d+ y\r "w to ! publi%]2 & x w (t5 d h>m4 ,matt] f novices is accept$ on its m]its alone1 & no am\nt ( praise f a man ( lett]s or an influ5tial fri5d w make y\r /ory "o :it bett] ?an x 0 :5 y gave x ! f9i%+ t\*es4 ,! mo/ su* int]cession c accompli% is a p]usal ( y\r ,,ms41 & t y c y\rself obta9 if y w make x pres5table4 ,if y imag9e t an editor w be influ5c$ 9 8 judgm5t by ! words ( an outsid]1 y are sadly mi/ak5--he is f> m apt to be prejudic$ aga9/ y4 ,he is an exp]i5c$ & compet5t man1 :o kn[s exactly :at he wants1 & :o may naturally be expect$ to res5t any su* imp]t95t int]f]5ce ) 8 "w4 ,x seems a small ?+ = y to ask an editor to give y a criticism on y\r "w1 & _m a "y writ] has long *]i%$ a grudge aga9/ "s editor :o has totally ignor$ 8 urg5t & flatt]+ reque/ = a c&id op9ion4 ,!re is no "q t ev5 a ^w f an editor w\ld be ( untold value to ! novice2 b ! novice has no idea :at 8 reque/ means4 ,e magaz9e is at great exp5se = ! employm5t ( tra9$ read]s to pass ^u ! unsolicit$ ,,mss4 submitt$ to x1 & ! accord+ ( ev5 a ^w ( criticism to ea* w\ld at lea/ d\ble t exp5se4 ,!n1 too1 ?ree-f\r?s ( ! ,,mss4 submitt$ to any editor are su* t he c\ld n hone/ly say any?+ good ( !m1 & no editor c>es to g out ( 8 way to hurt ! feel+s ( ! writ]2 nor w\ld x be policy = him to d s4 ,e "t y submit a ,,ms4 to an editor y are 9 a mann] impos+ on him1 s be z easy on him z possible4 ,if y feel t y mu/ h an exp]t op9ion on y\r "w1 s5d x to "o ( ! lit]>y bureaus :i* h be5 e/abli%$ = j t purpose4 ,!y w give y a c>eful & j criticism = ! paym5t ( a nom9al fee4 ,d n re/ y\r hopes ( success ^u ! fate ( "o ,,ms4 ,if y nev] write a new /ory until its pr$ecessor has be5 plac$ y _c possibly live long en\gh to w9 success4 ,y %\ld be con/antly turn+ out new /ories1 ea* "o bett] ?an ! la/2 or rework+ an old "o ^: faults y h j discov]$2 & y %\ld keep ! mails load$ ) y\r "w4 ,y c nev] h too _m good /ories on ! road4 ,d n become impati5t if y d n receive a *eck = y\r /ory )9 a week aft] s5d+ x out4 ,! l>ge/ magaz9es usually require ?ree mon?s & sometimes long] to report on a ,,ms4 ,if y attempt to hurry ! editorial decision y w probably receive y\r ,,ms4 by return mail1 unread4 ,x is advisable t y keep a ,,ms4 memor&um book ( "s sort1 9 :i* y may record ! j\rney+s ( y\r ,,mss41 s t y may "k :]e !y h be5 & h[ long !y h be5 away4 ,y d n want to s5d ! same ,,ms4 to ! same editor twice1 nor to cont9ue submitt+ matt] to a magaz9e :i* is already ov]/ock$1 or :i* is c>eless 9 return+ y\r "w4 ,if y tru/ to y\r memory1 or to "s slip %od me?od1 y w regret x 9 ! end1 = y w n only lose _m ,,mss41 b y w be submitt+ y\r "w 9 a hit-or-miss fa%ion t is little likely to get x into ! prop] h&s4 ,!re are sev]al books ( ?is sort on ! m>ket1 or y c easily make "o = y\rself f an ord9>y blank book4 ,x may take any =m y please1 b ,i w\ld sugge/ t x %\ld include spaces = ! numb] ( words 9 ! /ory & ! po/age requir$ to c>ry x1 besides ! publi%]s to :om x is submitt$ & ! dates :5 x is mail$ & return$4 ,! rejection ( y\r ,,ms4 by "o or two editors %\ld n disc\rage y3 y may try twelve editors & h ! ?irte5? accept x4 ,x is seldom inde$ t x f9ds place :]e x is fir/ submitt$3 x may n j meet ! ideals ( t editor2 or he may already h too mu* matt] on h&4 ,if y believe ! /ory is good1 keep x go+ till x has be5 ! r\nds3 y may f9d t ! dawn ( success comes f ! po9t :5ce y lea/ expect$ x4 ,,app5dix ,,! ,,ambiti\s ,,gue/ 7,f ,na?aniel ,haw?orne's ,twice-,told ,tales47 ,i4 ,"o ,septemb] night a family _h ga!r$ r\nd _! he>? & pil$ x high ) ! driftwood ( m\nta9-/reams1 ! dry cones ( ! p9e1 & ! spl9t]$ ru9s ( great trees t _h come cra%+ d[n ! precipice4 ,up ! *imney ro>$ ! fire1 & bright5$ ! room ) its broad blaze4 ,! faces ( ! fa!r & "m _h a sob] gladness2 ! *ildr5 laugh$4 ,! elde/ daught] 0 ! image ( ,happ9ess at sev5te51 & ! ag$ gr&mo!r1 :o sat knitt+ 9 ! w>me/ place1 0 ! image ( ,happ9ess gr[n old4 ,!y _h f\nd ! h]b he>t's-ease 9 ! bleake/ spot ( all ,new ,engl&4 ,?is family 7 situat$ 9 ! ,not* ( ! ,:ite ,hills1 :]e ! w9d 0 %>p ?r\gh\t ! ye> & pitilessly cold 9 ! w9t]1 giv+ _! cottage all its fre% inclem5cy be=e x desc5d$ on ! valley ( ! ,saco4 ,!y dwelt 9 a cold spot & a dang]\s "o1 = a m\nta9 t[]$ above _! heads s /eep t ! /ones w\ld (t5 rumble d[n its sides & />tle !m at midnight4 #b4 ,! daught] _h j utt]$ "s simple je/ t fill$ !m all ) mir?1 :5 ! w9d came ?r\gh ! ,not* & seem$ to pause be=e _! cottage1 rattl+ ! door ) a s\nd ( wail+ & lam5tation be=e x pass$ into ! valley4 ,= a mom5t x sadd5$ !m1 ?\gh !re 0 no?+ unusual 9 ! tones4 ,b ! family 7 glad aga9 :5 !y p]ceiv$ t ! lat* 0 lift$ by "s travel] ^: foot/eps _h be5 unhe>d amid ! dre>y bla/ :i* h]ald$ 8 approa* & wait$ z he 0 ent]+ & w5t moan+ away f ! door4 #c4 ,?\gh !y dwelt 9 su* a solitude1 ^! p held daily conv]se ) ! _w4 ,! romantic pass ( ! ,not* is a great art]y ?r\gh :i* ! life-blood ( int]nal comm]ce is cont9ually ?robb+ betwe5 ,ma9e on ! "o side & ! ,gre5 ,m\nta9s & ! %ores ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce on ! o!r4 ,! /age-coa* always drew up be=e ! door ( ! cottage4 ,! wayf>] ) no companion b 8 /aff paus$ "h to ex*ange a ^w1 t ! s5se ( lonel9ess might n utt]ly ov]come him ere he c\ld pass ?r\gh ! cleft ( ! m\nta9 or rea* ! fir/ h\se 9 ! valley4 ,& "h ! team/] on 8 way to ,portl& m>ket w\ld put up = ! night1 &1 if a ba*elor1 might sit an h\r beyond ! usual b$time & /eal a kiss f ! m\nta9-maid at p>t+4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? primitive tav]ns :]e ! travel] pays only = food & lodg+1 b meets ) a homely k9dness beyond all price4 ,:5 ! foot/eps 7 he>d1 !re=e1 betwe5 ! out] door & ! inn] "o1 ! :ole family rose up1 gr&mo!r1 *ildr5 & all1 z if ab\t to welcome "s "o :o belong$ to !m1 & ^: fate 0 l9k$ ) !irs4 #d4 ,! door 0 op5$ by a "y man4 ,8 face at fir/ wore ! melan*oly expression1 almo/ despond5cy1 ( "o :o travels a wild & bleak road at nightfall & alone1 b soon bright5$ up :5 he saw ! k9dly w>m? ( 8 reception4 ,he felt 8 he>t spr+ =w>d to meet !m all1 f ! old woman :o wip$ a *air ) h] apron to ! little *ild t held out its arms to him4 ,"o glance & smile plac$ ! /rang] on a foot+ ( innoc5t famili>ity ) ! elde/ daught]4 #e4 ,ah6 ?is fire is ! "r ?+1 cri$ he1 especially :5 !re is su* a pleasant circle r\nd x4 ,i am q b5umb$1 = ! ,not* is j l ! pipe ( a great pair ( bell[s2 x has bl[n a t]rible bla/ 9 my face all ! way f ,b>tlett4 #f4 ,!n y are go+ t[>d ,v]mont8 said ! ma/] ( ! h\se z he help$ to take a light knapsack (f ! "y man's %\ld]s4 #g4 ,yes1 to ,burl+ton1 & f> en\gh beyond1 repli$ he4 ,i meant to h be5 at ,e?an ,craw=d's to-night b a p$e/rian l+]s along su* a road z ?is4 ,x is no matt]2 = :5 ,i saw ?is good fire & all y\r *e]ful faces1 ,i felt z if y _h k9dl$ x on purpose = me & 7 wait+ my arrival4 ,s ,i %all sit d[n among y & make myself at home4 #h4 ,! frank-he>t$ /rang] _h j drawn 8 *air up to ! fire :5 some?+ l a heavy foot/ep 0 he>d )\t ru%+ d[n ! /eep side ( ! m\nta9 z ) long & rapid /rides1 & tak+ su* a leap 9 pass+ ! cottage z to /rike ! opposite precipice4 ,! family held _! brea?1 because !y knew ! s\nd1 & _! gue/ held 8 by in/9ct4 #i4 ,! old m\nta9 has ?r[n a /one at u = fe> we %\ld =get him1 said ! l&lord1 recov]+ himself4 ,he sometimes nods 8 head & ?reat5s to come d[n1 b we are old neighbors1 & agree toge!r pretty well1 ^u ! :ole4 ,besides1 we h a sure place ( refuge h>d by if he %\ld be com+ 9 good e>ne/4 #aj4 ,let u n[ suppose ! /rang] to h f9i%$ 8 supp] ( be>'s meat1 & by 8 natural felicity ( mann] to h plac$ himself on a foot+ ( k9dness ) ! :ole family2 s t !y talk$ toge!r z freely z if he belong$ to _! m\nta9-brood4 ,he 0 ( a pr\d yet g5tle _s1 haughty & res]v$ among ! ri* & great1 b ev] ready to /oop 8 head to ! l[ly cottage door & be l a bro!r or a son at ! poor man's fireside4 ,9 ! h\sehold ( ! ,not* he f\nd w>m? & simplicity ( feel+1 ! p]vad+ intellig5ce ( ,new ,engl&1 & a poetry ( native gr[? :i* !y _h ga!r$ :5 !y v little ?\ght ( x f ! m\nta9-peaks & *asms1 & at ! v ?re%old ( _! romantic & dang]\s abode4 ,he _h travel$ f> & alone2 8 :ole life1 inde$1 _h be5 a solit>y pa?1 =1 ) ! l(ty caution ( 8 nature1 he _h kept himself ap>t f ^? :o might o!rwise h be5 8 companions4 ,! family1 too1 ?\gh s k9d & hospitable1 _h t consci\sness ( unity among !mselves & sep>ation f ! _w at l>ge :i* 9 e dome/ic circle %\ld /ill keep a holy place :]e no /rang] may intrude4 ,b ?is ev5+ a prophetic sympa?y impell$ ! ref9$ & educat$ y\? to p\r out 8 he>t be=e ! simple m\nta9e]s1 & con/ra9$ !m to answ] him ) ! same free confid5ce4 ,& ?us x %\ld h be54 ,is n ! k9dr$ ( a common fate a clos] tie ?an t ( bir?8 #aa4 ,! secret ( ! "y man's "* 0 a high & ab/ract$ ambition4 ,he c\ld h borne to live an undi/+ui%$ life1 b n to be =gott5 9 ! grave4 ,ye>n+ desire _h be5 trans=m$ to hope1 & hope1 long *]i%$1 _h become l c]ta9ty t1 obscurely z he j\rney$ n[1 a glory 0 to beam on all 8 pa?way1 ?\gh n1 p]haps1 :ile he 0 tread+ x4 ,b :5 po/]ity %\ld gaze back into ! gloom ( :at 0 n[ ! pres5t1 !y w\ld trace ! brightness ( 8 foot/eps1 bright5+ z mean] glories fad$1 & confess t a gift$ "o _h pass$ f 8 cradle to 8 tomb ) none to recognize him4 #ab4 ,z yet1 cri$ ! /rang]1 8 *eek gl[+ & 8 eye fla%+ ) en?usiasm--z yet ,i h done no?+4 ,7 ,i to vani% f ! e>? to-morr[1 none w\ld "k s mu* ( me z y--t a nameless y\? came up at nightfall f ! valley ( ! ,saco1 & op5$ 8 he>t to y 9 ! ev5+1 & pass$ ?r\gh ! ,not* by sunrise1 & 0 se5 no m4 ,n a s\l w\ld ask1 ',:o 0 he8 ,:i!r did ! w&]] g8' ,b ,i _c die till ,i h a*iev$ my de/9y4 ,!n let ,dea? come3 ,i %all h built my monum5t4 #ac4 ,!re 0 a cont9ual fl[ ( natural emotion gu%+ =? amid ab/ract$ rev]ie :i* enabl$ ! family to und]/& ?is "y man's s5tim5ts1 ?\gh s =eign f _! own4 ,) quick s5sibility ( ! ludicr\s1 he blu%$ at ! ardor into :i* he _h be5 betray$4 #ad4 ,y laugh at me1 said he1 tak+ ! elde/ daught]'s h& & laugh+ at himself4 ,y ?9k my ambition z nons5sical z if ,i 7 to freeze myself to dea? on ! top ( ,m\nt ,wa%+ton only t p might spy at me f ! c\ntry r\ndab\t4 ,& truly t w\ld be a noble p$e/al = a man's /atue4 #ae4 ,x is bett] to sit "h by ?is fire1 answ]$ ! girl1 blu%+1 & be com=table & cont5t$1 ?\gh nobody ?9ks ab\t u4 #af4 ,i suppose1 said h] fa!r1 aft] a fit ( mus+1 !re is some?+ natural 9 :at ! "y man says2 & if my m9d _h be5 turn$ t way1 ,i might h felt j ! same4--,x is /range1 wife1 h[ 8 talk has set my head runn+ on ?+s t are pretty c]ta9 nev] to come to pass4 #ag4 ,p]haps !y may1 obs]v$ ! wife4 ,is ! man ?9k+ :at he w d :5 he is a wid[]8 #ah4 ,no1 no6 cri$ he1 repell+ ! idea ) reproa*ful k9dness4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( y\r dea?1 ,e/h]1 ,i ?9k ( m9e too4 ,b ,i 0 wi%+ we _h a good f>m 9 ,b>tlett or ,be?lehem or ,littleton1 or "s o!r t[n%ip r\nd ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 b n :]e !y c\ld tumble on our heads4 ,i %\ld want to /& well ) my neighbors & be call$ squire & s5t to ,g5]al ,c\rt = a t]m or two2 = a pla91 hone/ man may d z mu* good !re z a lawy]4 ,& :5 ,i %\ld be gr[n q an old man1 & y an old woman1 s z n to be long ap>t1 ,i might die happy en\gh 9 my b$1 & leave y all cry+ ar\nd me4 ,a slate grave/one w\ld suit me z well z a m>ble "o1 ) j my "n & age1 & a v]se ( a hymn1 & some?+ to let p "k t ,i liv$ an hone/ man & di$ a ,*ri/ian4 #ai4 ,!re1 n[6 exclaim$ ! /rang]2 x is our nature to desire a monum5t1 be x slate or m>ble1 or a pill> ( granite1 or a glori\s memory 9 ! univ]sal he>t ( man4 #bj4 ,we're 9 a /range way to-night1 said ! wife1 ) te>s 9 h] eyes4 ,!y say x's a sign ( some?+ :5 folk's m9ds g a-w&]+ s4 ,h>k to ! *ildr56 #ba4 ,!y li/5$ accord+ly4 ,! y\ng] *ildr5 _h be5 put to b$ 9 ano!r room1 b ) an op5 door betwe52 s t !y c\ld be he>d talk+ busily among !mselves4 ,"o & all seem$ to h caught ! infection f ! fireside circle1 & 7 outvy+ ea* o!r 9 wild wi%es & *ildi% projects ( :at !y w\ld d :5 !y came to be m5 & wom54 ,at l5g? a little boy1 in/ead ( address+ 8 bro!rs & si/]s1 call$ out to 8 "m4 #bb4 ,i'll tell y :at ,i wi%1 "m1 cri$ he3 ,i want y & fa!r & gr&ma'm1 & all ( u1 & ! /rang] too1 to />t "r away & g & take a dr9k out ( ! bas9 ( ! ,flume4 #bc4 ,nobody c\ld help laugh+ at ! *ild's notion ( leav+ a w>m b$ & dragg+ !m f a *e]ful fire to visit ! bas9 ( ! ,flume--a brook :i* tumbles ov] ! precipice deep )9 ! ,not*4 #bd4 ,! boy _h h>dly spok51 :5 a wagon rattl$ along ! road & /opp$ a mom5t be=e ! door4 ,x appe>$ to conta9 two or ?ree m5 :o 7 *e]+ _! he>ts ) ! r\gh *orus ( a song :i* res\nd$ 9 brok5 notes betwe5 ! cliffs1 :ile ! s+]s hesitat$ :e!r to cont9ue _! j\rney or put up "h = ! night4 #be4 ,fa!r1 said ! girl1 !y are call+ y by "n4 #bf4 ,b ! good man d\bt$ :e!r !y _h really call$ him1 & 0 unwill+ to %[ himself too solicit\s ( ga9 by invit+ p to patronize 8 h\se4 ,he !re=e did n hurry to ! door1 &1 ! la% be+ soon appli$1 ! travel]s plung$ into ! ,not*1 /ill s++ & laugh+1 ?\gh _! music & mir? came back dre>ily f ! he>t ( ! m\nta94 #bg4 ,!re1 "m6 cri$ ! boy1 aga92 !y'd h giv5 u a ride to ! ,flume4 #bh4 ,aga9 !y laugh$ at ! *ild's p]t9aci\s fancy = a night-ramble4 ,b x happ5$ t a light cl\d pass$ ov] ! daught]'s _s2 %e look$ gravely into ! fire & drew a brea? t 0 almo/ a sigh4 ,x =c$ its way1 9 spite ( a little /ruggle to repress x4 ,!n1 />t+ & blu%+1 %e look$ quickly ar\nd ! circle1 z if !y _h caught a glimpse into h] bosom4 ,! /rang] ask$ :at %e _h be5 ?9k+ (4 #bi4 ,no?+1 answ]$ %e1 ) a d[nca/ smile2 only ,i felt lonesome j !n4 #cj4 ,oh1 ,i h always _h a gift ( feel+ :at is 9 o!r p's he>ts1 said he1 half s]i\sly4 ,%all ,i tell ! secret ( y\rs8 ,= ,i "k :at to ?9k :5 a "y girl %iv]s by a w>m he>? & compla9s ( lonesom5ess at h] "m's side4 ,%all ,i put ^! feel+s into words8 #ca4 ,!y w\ld n be a girl's feel+s any long] if !y c\ld be put into words1 repli$ ! m\nta9-nymph1 laugh+1 b avoid+ 8 eye4 #cb4 ,all ?is 0 said ap>t4 ,p]haps a g]m ( love 0 spr++ 9 _! he>ts s pure t x might blossom 9 ,p>adise1 s9ce x c\ld n be matur$ on e>?2 = wom5 wor%ip su* g5tle dignity z 81 & ! pr\d1 contemplative1 yet k9dly1 s\l is (t5e/ captivat$ by simplicity l h]s4 ,b :ile !y spoke s(tly1 & he 0 wat*+ ! happy sadness1 ! lightsome %ad[s1 ! %y ye>n+s1 ( a maid5's nature1 ! w9d ?r\gh ! ,not* took a deep] & dre>i] s\nd4 ,x seem$1 z ! fanciful /rang] said1 l ! *oral /ra9 ( ! spirits ( ! bla/ :o 9 old ,indian times _h _! dwell+ among ^! m\nta9s & made _! heights & recesses a sacr$ region4 ,!re 0 a wail along ! road z if a fun]al 7 pass+4 ,to *ase away ! gloom1 ! family ?rew p9e-bran*es on _! fire till ! dry leaves crackl$ & ! flame arose1 discov]+ once aga9 a sc5e ( peace & humble happ9ess4 ,! light hov]$ ab\t !m fondly & c>ess$ !m all4 ,!re 7 ! little faces ( ! *ildr5 peep+ f _! b$ ap>t1 & "h ! fa!r's frame ( /r5g?1 ! "m's subdu$ & c>eful mi51 ! high-br[$ y\?1 ! budd+ girl1 & ! good old gr&ma1 /ill knitt+ 9 ! w>me/ place4 #cc4 ,! ag$ woman look$ up f h] task1 & ) f+]s ev] busy 0 ! next to speak4 #cd4 ,old folks h _! notions1 said %e1 z well z "y ones4 ,y've be5 wi%+ & plann+ & lett+ y\r heads run on "o ?+ & ano!r till y've set my m9d a-w&]+ too4 ,n[1 :at %\ld an old woman wi% =1 :5 %e c g b a /ep or two be=e %e comes to h] grave8 ,*ildr51 x w haunt me night & day till ,i tell y4 #ce4 ,:at is x1 "m8 cri$ ! husb& & wife at once4 #cf4 ,!n ! old woman1 ) an air ( my/]y :i* drew ! circle clos] r\nd ! fire1 in=m$ !m t %e _h provid$ h] grave-clo!s "s ye>s be=e--a nice l95 %r\d1 a cap ) a musl9 ruff1 & ev]y?+ ( a f9] sort ?an %e _h worn s9ce h] w$d+ day4 ,b ?is ev5+ an old sup]/ition _h /rangely recurr$ to h]4 ,x us$ to be said 9 h] y\ng] days t if any?+ 7 amiss ) a corpse--if only ! ruff 7 n smoo? or ! cap did n set "r--! corpse1 9 ! c(f9 & b5ea? ! clods1 w\ld /rive to put up its cold h&s & arrange x4 ,! b>e ?\ght made h] n]v\s4 #cg4 ,don't talk s1 gr&mo!r1 said ! girl1 %udd]+4 #ch4 ,n[1 cont9u$ ! old woman1 ) s+ul> e>ne/ness1 yet smil+ /rangely at h] own folly1 ,i want "o ( y1 my *ildr51 :5 y\r "m is dress$ & 9 ! c(f91--,i want "o ( y to hold a look+-glass ov] my face4 ,:o kn[s b ,i may take a glimpse at myself & see :e!r all's "r8 #ci4 ,old & "y1 we dream ( graves & monum5ts1 murmur$ ! /rang] y\?4 ,i wond] h[ m>9]s feel :5 ! %ip is s9k+ & !y1 unkn[n & undi/+ui%$1 are to be buri$ toge!r 9 ! ocean1 t wide & nameless sepul*]8 #dj4 ,= a mom5t ! old woman's gha/ly conception s engross$ ! m9ds ( h] he>]s t a s\nd abroad 9 ! night1 ris+ l ! ro> ( a bla/1 _h gr[n broad1 deep & t]rible be=e ! fat$ gr\p 7 consci\s ( x4 ,! h\se & all )9 x trembl$2 ! f\ndations ( ! e>? seem$ to be %ak51 z if ?is awful s\nd 7 ! peal ( ! la/ trump4 ,"y & old ex*ang$ "o wild glance & rema9$ an in/ant pale1 affright$1 )\t utt]ance or p[] to move4 ,!n ! same %riek bur/ simultane\sly f all _! lips3 #da4 ,! slide6 ,! slide6 #db4 ,! simple/ words mu/ intimate1 b n portray1 ! unutt]able horror ( ! cata/rophe4 ,! victims ru%$ f _! cottage & s\ght refuge 9 :at !y deem$ a saf] spot1 :]e1 9 contemplation ( su* an em]g5cy1 a sort ( b>ri] _h be5 re>$4 ,alas6 !y _h quitt$ _! security & fl$ "r into ! pa?way ( de/ruction4 ,d[n came ! :ole side ( ! m\nta9 9 a cat>act ( ru94 ,j be=e x rea*$ ! h\se ! /ream broke into two bran*es1 %iv]$ n a w9d[ !re1 b ov]:elm$ ! :ole vic9ity1 block$ up ! road & annihilat$ ev]y?+ 9 its dreadful c\rse4 ,long ere ! ?und] ( t great slide _h ceas$ to ro> among ! m\nta9s ! mortal agony _h be5 endur$ & ! victims 7 at peace4 ,_! bodies 7 nev] f\nd4 #dc4 ,! next morn+ ! light smoke 0 se5 /eal+ f ! cottage *imney up ! m\nta9side4 ,)91 ! fire 0 yet sm\ld]+ on ! he>?1 & ! *airs 9 a circle r\nd x1 z if ! inhabitants _h b gone =? to view ! deva/ation ( ! slide & w\ld %ortly return to ?ank ,heav5 = _! miracul\s escape4 ,all _h left sep>ate tok5s by :i* ^? :o _h kn[n ! family 7 made to %$ a te> = ea*4 ,:o has n he>d _! "n8 ,! /ory has be5 told f> & wide1 & w =ev] be a leg5d ( ^! m\nta9s4 ,poets h sung _! fate4 #dd4 ,!re 7 circum/ances :i* l$ "s to suppose t a /rang] _h be5 receiv$ into ! cottage on ?is awful night1 & _h %>$ ! cata/rophe ( all its inmates2 o!rs d5i$ t !re 7 suffici5t gr\nds = su* a conjecture4 ,woe = ! high-s\l$ y\? ) 8 dream ( e>?ly immortality6 ,8 "n & p]son utt]ly unkn[n1 8 hi/ory1 8 way ( life1 8 plans1 a my/]y nev] to be solv$1 8 dea? & 8 exi/5ce equally a d\bt1--^: 0 ! agony ( t dea? mom5t8 ,,! ,,end ,,index ,action3 impli$ by plot1 #de2 ( *>act]s1 #ajb2 advanc$ by spee*1 #ajg2 advanc$ by prelim9>y climax1 #agg4 ,adjectives1 #aig4 ,adv]bs1 #aih4 ,allegory1 #bi4 ,ambiti\s ,gue/1 ,!3 z p>adigm1 #df2 obs]ves unities1 #dh1 #aej-aeb1 #aed2 elem5tal or true plot (1 #eh2 !me (1 #eh2 skeleton or work+ plot (1 #ei-fa2 facts 91 #ij-ic2 *>act]s 91 #ig2 compression ( dialogue 91 #aae2 beg9n+ (1 #acd1 #adf2 sc5e (1 #add2 susp5se 91 #afb2 prep>ation = climax 91 #afg-afi2 climax (1 #agb1 #ahc2 conclusion (1 #ahc2 text (1 #bcd-bdi4 ,au?or1 intrusion (1 #abj-abb4 ,balance1 #afj4 ,beg9n+3 crucial te/1 #acb1 #adf #adh2 l5g? (1 #acb2 introduces f\ndation facts1 #acb-ach2 dilatory1 #ach-adj2 prefatory1 #ada2 locates sc5e1 #adc1 #ade2 be/ me?od (1 #adf4 ,be/ twelve ,am]ican %ort /ories1 #bd4 ,booki% conv]sation1 #aji4 ,burlesque1 #ci4 ,*apt]s1 #adi4 ,*>act]s3 names ( z titles1 #gb1 #gf2 necessity (1 #id2 bas$ on fact1 #id2 composites1 #ie2 descriptions (1 #if1 #ih-ajb2 *>act]i/ics (1 #ig1 #ajb2 appe>ance (1 #ig2 active1 #ajb2 few1 #ajc2 int]e/ 9 #ajd2 names (1 #aje2 spee* (1 #ajf-aaf2 models1 #aah4 ,"* ,sket*1 #cb4 ,"* ,/udy3 def9$1 #cb2 ,dialect ,/ory relat$ to1 #cc2 plot (1 #dh4 ,classification ( ,%ort ,/ories3 use (1 #bf2 ,tale1 #bg2 ,true ,/ory1 #bg2 ,imag9ative ,tale1 #bg2 ,moral ,/ory1 #bh2 ,fable1 #bh2 ,/ory ) a ,moral1 #bi2 ,allegory1 #bi2 ,weird ,/ory1 #cj2 ,gho/ ,/ory1 #cj2 ,fanta/ic ,tale1 #ca2 ,/udy 9 ,horror1 #ca2 ,"* ,/udy1 #cb2 ,"* ,sket*1 #cb2 ,dialect ,/ory1 #cc2 ,p>able ( ! ,times1 #ce2 ,in/ructive ,/ory1 #ce2 ,/ory ( ,to-day1 #cf2 ,/ory ( ,+5uity1 #cf2 ,/ory ( ,wond]1 #cg2 ,detective ,/ory1 #cg2 ,humor\s ,/ory1 #ch2 ,nons5se ,/ory1 #ch2 ,burlesque1 #ci2 ,dramatic ,/ory1 #ci-da4 ,climax3 h[ e/imat$1 #afa2 prep>ation =1 #afa-agj1 #agg-agi2 logical & inevitable1 #afe2 anticipat$1 #aff1 #afi2 too obvi\s1 #aff2 9 ,ambiti\s ,gue/1 #afg-afi2 9 /ories ( premonition1 #afi2 z a te/1 #aga2 def9$1 #aga2 l5g? (1 #agb2 prop]1 #agb2 position (1 #agc2 ends susp5se1 #agd2 n tragic1 #age-agg2 prelim9>y1 #agg-agi2 false or te*nical1 #agi-ahb2 co9cid5t ) conclusion1 #ahc4 ,collections ( %ort /ories1 #da-dd4 ,commonplaces3 9 title1 #ga2 n lit]>y1 #hf2 9 dialogue1 #aaj1 #aab-aad2 9 /yle1 #aia-aie4 ,conclusion3 def9$1 #aga2 l5g? (1 #ahb2 co9cid5t ) climax1 #ahc2 padd$1 #ahd2 conv5tional1 #ahe-ahh4 ,conv]sation3 see ,dialogue4 ,crane1 ,/eph51 /yle (1 #bjj4 ,criticism1 #bbb1 #bca4 ,curiosity1 #afa4 ,d5\em5t3 see ,climax & ,conclusion4 ,description ( *>act]s1 #if1 #ih-ajb2 ( sc5e #adc1 #ade4 ,detective ,/ory3 def9$1 #cg2 plot (1 #dh4 ,dialect1 #aag4 ,dialect ,/ory3 def9$1 #cc2 z lit]ature1 #aaf4 ,dialogue3 advances action1 #ajf2 mod]n use (1 #ajg2 natural & int]e/+1 #ajh2 booki%1 #aji2 commonplace1 #aaj1 #aab-aad2 attempt$ humor 91 #aaa2 unimportant1 #aae2 9 ,dialect ,/ory1 #aaf-aah2 introduces f\ndation facts1 #acd4 ,di>y1 n>ration by1 #abe4 ,dick5s1 ,*>les3 se>* = types1 #gh2 int5sifi$ *>act]s1 #if2 names ( *>act]s1 #aje4 ,didacticism3 in>ti/ic1 #aeg2 veil$1 #aeh4 ,d\ble titles3 s5sational1 #gb-gd2 too long1 #ge4 ,drama3 t5d5cy t[>d1 #ajg2 influ5ce (1 #age4 ,dramatic ,/ory3 def9$1 #ci2 9 ,=m1 #dj2 9 ,effect1 #dj4 ,editor3 me?od ( approa*+1 #bbc1 #bbh2 ne$s (1 #bbd1 #bbe-bbg2 lett] to1 #bbi1 #bcj2 op9ion (1 #bca2 rejection by1 #bcb1 #bcc4 ,elaboration ( facts1 #hi4 ,elem5tal ,plot3 def9$1 #eh2 9 ,ambiti\s ,gue/1 #ei4 ,elem5t ( ,surprise3 def9$1 #afb2 g5u9e1 #afe4 ,elem5t ( ,susp5se3 def9$1 #afa2 relief (1 #afb-afd1 #agg-agi2 end$ by climax1 #agd4 ,end3 see ,conclusion4 ,epi/ol>y =m1 #abe4 ,epo* ( ! 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