,,the ,,laws ,,of ,,euchre ,,as ,,adopted ,,by ,,the ,,somerset ,,club ,,of ,,boston1 ,,march #a1 #ahhh ,with ,some ,suggestions about the ,play ,,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,leeds ,,and ,,james ,,dwight ,illustration ,,boston ,,ticknor ,,and ,,company #baa ,tremont ,street #ahhh ,copyright1 #ahhh1 ,,by ,,ticknor ,,and ,,company4 ,all rights reserved4 ,university ,press3 ,,john ,,wilson ,,and ,,son1 ,,cambridge1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,illustration ,,preface4 ,euchre is played in so many different ways and under so many different rules that there seems to be a necessity for more rigid and exact ,laws than exist at present4 ,the ,laws of ,euchre1 as here appended1 have stood the test of time and received the attention of many scientific ,euchre-players4 ,if any game of cards is worth playing at all1 it should be played according to rule in the strictest interpretation1 and no favors should be given or expected4 ,an attempt has been made in these ,rules to make the penalties commensurate with the advantage which might be gained by the error4 ,a common instance of this is in the case of a lead out of turn4 ,it often happens that the exposed card is an advantage to the side so offending1 and the adversaries have no redress4 ,here the ,whist ,law has been applied1 allowing the non-offending side the option of two penalties4 ,see ,rule #eb4 ,another instance occurs in a lone hand4 ,an exposed card can only benefit the adversaries1 consequently no penalty is attached2 but should the lone hand lead out of turn1 he is supposed to be attempting to gain an advantage1 therefore ,rule #ajd has been adopted4 ,illustration ,,contents4 ,,page ,,the ,,laws ,,of ,,euchre #g ,the ,rubber #g ,scoring #g ,cutting #i ,formation of the ,table #i ,cutting ,cards of ,equal ,value #aj ,cutting out #aa ,entry and ,re-entry #aa ,shuffling #ac ,the ,deal #ad ,a ,new ,deal #ae ,a ,misdeal #ag ,cards liable to be called #ah ,cards played in ,error #bb ,the ,revoke #bd ,calling for ,new ,cards #bf ,making the ,trump and ,playing #bg ,the ,discard #cj ,the ,trump ,card #cb ,playing alone #cb ,etiquette of ,euchre #ce ,technical ,terms used in ,euchre #ch ,,general ,,remarks #da ,eldest1 or ,first ,hand #dc ,second ,hand #df ,third ,hand #ej ,the ,dealer #eb ,the ,bridge #ef ,lone ,hands #eg ,coups #fa ,case ,i4 #fc ,case ,,ii4 #fe ,case ,,iii4 #ff ,case ,,iv4 #fg ,case ,v4 #fh ,case ,,vi4 #gj ,case ,,vii4 #gb ,case ,,viii4 #gc ,case ,,ix4 #ge ,illustration ,,the ,,laws ,,of ,,euchre4 ,,the ,,rubber4 #a4 ,the rubber is the best of three games4 ,if the first two games are won by the same players1 the third game is played2 should the score of the third game lap1 a fourth game is played4 ,,scoring4 #b4 ,a game consists of five points4 ,should a player order up1 assist1 adopt1 or make the trump1 and he and his partner take five tricks1 they score two2 three or four tricks1 they score one4 ,if they fail to take three tricks they are euchred1 and the adversaries score two4 #c4 ,when a player plays alone and takes five tricks1 he scores four2 three or four tricks1 he scores one4 ,if he fails to take three tricks he is euchred1 and the adversaries score four4 #d4 ,the penalty of a revoke takes precedence of all other scores4 #e4 ,an error in the score can be rectified at any time before the trump card is turned in the next deal4 #f4 ,points should be announced before scoring4 #g4 ,each game won counts one unless the losing side has failed to score1 in which case the game counts two4 ,two additional points are taken by the side winning the rubber4 ,thus it is possible to win ten points in a rubber2 that is1 four double games1 and two points for the rubber4 ,,cutting4 #h4 ,the knave is the highest card1 then the ace1 king1 etc4 #i4 ,in all cases every one must cut from the same pack4 #aj4 ,should a player expose more than one card1 he must cut again4 ,,formation ,,of ,,the ,,table4 #aa4 ,if there are more than four candidates1 the players are selected by cutting2 those first in the room having the preference4 ,the four who cut the highest cards play first1 and again cut to decide on partners4 ,the two highest play against the two lowest4 ,the highest is the dealer1 who has choice of cards1 seats1 and counters2 and having once made his selection1 he must abide by it4 #ab4 ,when there are more than six candidates1 those who cut the fifth and sixth highest cards belong to the table4 ,,cutting ,,cards ,,of ,,equal ,,value4 #ac4 ,two players cutting cards of equal value1 unless such cards are the two lowest1 or the two highest1 cut again4 #ad4 ,three players cutting cards of equal value1 cut again2 should the fourth 7or remaining7 card be the highest1 the two lowest of the new cut are partners1 and their opponents have the deal4 ,should the fourth card be the lowest1 the two highest of the new cut are partners1 and have the deal and choice of seats1 etc4 ,,cutting ,,out4 #ae4 ,at the end of a rubber1 should admission be claimed by any one1 or by two candidates1 he who has1 or they who have1 played a greater number of consecutive rubbers than the others1 is or are out4 ,when all have played the same number1 they must cut to decide on the out-goers1 the lowest going out4 ,,entry ,,and ,,re-,,entry4 #af4 ,a candidate wishing to enter a table must declare such intention before any of the players have cut a card1 either for the purpose of commencing a new rubber1 or of cutting out4 #ag4 ,in the formation of fresh tables1 those candidates who have neither belonged to nor played at any other table1 have the prior right of entry2 the others decide their right of admission by cutting4 #ah4 ,any one quitting a table prior to the conclusion of a rubber may1 with the consent of the other three players1 appoint a substitute in his absence during that rubber4 #ai4 ,should a player leave a full table after he has played but one of the two consecutive rubbers to which he is entitled1 the candidate next in order for entrance to the table takes his place1 but must go out at the end of one rubber1 as his predecessor would have done4 #bj4 ,a player cutting into one table while belonging to another1 loses his right of re-entry into the latter1 and takes his chance of cutting in as if he were a fresh candidate4 #ba4 ,if any one break up a table1 the remaining players have the prior right to him of entry into any other2 and should there not be vacancies at such other table for all those candidates1 they settle their precedence by cutting4 ,,shuffling4 #bb4 ,the pack must neither be shuffled below the table1 nor so that the face of any card can be seen4 #bc4 ,the pack must not be shuffled during the play of a hand4 #bd4 ,each player has a right to shuffle once only1 except as provided by ,law #bg1 prior to a deal1 after a false cut1 or when a new deal has occurred4 #be4 ,the dealer's partner must collect the cards for the ensuing deal1 and he has the first right to shuffle that pack4 #bf4 ,each player1 after shuffling1 must place the cards1 properly collected and face downwards1 to the left of the player about to deal4 #bg4 ,the dealer has always the right to shuffle last2 but should a card or cards be seen during his shuffling or while giving the pack to be cut1 he may be compelled to re-shuffle4 ,,the ,,deal4 #bh4 ,each player deals in turn2 the right of dealing goes to the left4 #bi4 ,the player on the dealer's right cuts the pack1 and in dividing it he must not leave fewer than four cards in either packet4 ,if in cutting or in placing one of the packets on the other1 a card be exposed1 or if there be any confusion of the cards1 or a doubt as to the exact place where the pack was divided1 there must be a fresh cut4 #cj4 ,when a player has once separated a pack he cannot alter his intention2 he can neither re-shuffle nor re-cut the cards4 #ca4 ,when the pack is cut1 should the dealer re-shuffle he loses the deal4 #cb4 ,after dealing1 the dealer should put the pack at his right hand4 ,a ,,new ,,deal4 #cc4 ,there must be a new deal by the same dealer if during the deal or during the play of the hand the pack be found to be incorrect or imperfect2 but all points scored on previous hands stand4 #cd4 ,if any card be found faced in the pack before a lead is made1 there must be a new deal4 #ce4 ,if1 while dealing1 a card be exposed by the dealer or his partner1 the adversaries can call for a new deal1 provided that neither of them has touched the cards4 ,a card exposed by either adversary gives that claim to the dealer1 provided that his partner has not touched the cards4 ,if a new deal does not take place1 the exposed card cannot be called4 #cf4 ,if1 during the deal1 a player touch any of his cards1 the adversaries may do the same without losing their privilege of claiming a new deal1 should chance give them such option4 #cg4 ,if1 in dealing1 one of the last cards be exposed1 and the dealer turn up the trump before there is reasonable time for his adversaries to decide as to a fresh deal1 they do not thereby lose their privilege4 #ch4 ,a deal made with the adversaries' cards is good1 provided that the trump card has been turned4 ,if not1 a new deal may be claimed4 ,the players thus losing their cards may reclaim them at the end of the deal4 #ci4 ,should the dealer1 in turning the trump card1 expose any other card of the pack1 there must be a new deal4 #dj4 ,a deal out of turn can be stopped1 if the error be discovered before the trump card is turned2 otherwise the deal stands4 ,a ,,misdeal4 #da4 ,a misdeal loses the deal4 #db4 ,it is a misdeal1-- ,i4 ,unless five cards are dealt to each player4 ,,ii4 ,unless the dealer begin by giving two cards to each player in turn in the first round of the deal1 and three in the second1 or vice versa4 #dc4 ,a misdeal does not lose the deal if during the dealing either of the adversaries touch the cards prior to the dealer's partner having done so4 ,should the latter have first interfered with the cards1 notwithstanding either or both of the adversaries have subsequently done the same1 the deal is lost4 #dd4 ,if the adversaries interrupt a dealer while dealing1 either by questioning the score or asserting that it is not his deal1 and fail to establish such claim1 should a misdeal occur he may deal again4 #de4 ,should a player take his partner's deal and misdeal1 the latter is liable to the usual penalties1 and the adversary next in rotation to the player who ought to have dealt1 then deals4 ,,cards ,,liable ,,to ,,be ,,called4 #df4 ,all exposed cards are liable to be called1 and must be left on the table2 but a card is not an exposed card when dropped on the floor or elsewhere below the table4 ,the following are exposed cards3-- ,i4 ,two or more cards played at once4 ,,ii4 ,any card dropped face upwards1 or in any way exposed on or above the table1 even though snatched up so quickly that no one can name it4 ,,iii4 ,the trump card if lifted from the pack4 #dg4 ,if any one play to an imperfect trick the highest card on the table1 or lead one which is a winning card against his adversaries1 and then lead again1 or play several such winning cards one after the other1 without waiting for his partner to play1 the latter may be called on to win1 if he can1 the first or any other of those tricks1 and the other cards thus improperly played are exposed cards4 #dh4 ,if a player or players1 under the impression that the game is lost or won1 or for other reasons1 throw his or their cards on the table face upwards1 such cards are exposed1 and can be called1 each player's by the adversary2 but should one player retain his hand1 he cannot be forced to abandon it4 #di4 ,if all four players throw their cards on the table face upwards1 the hands are abandoned1 and no one can again take up his cards4 ,should it then be proved that the game could have been saved or won1 no such claim can be entertained unless a revoke be established4 #ej4 ,in a lone hand1 should either adversary abandon his hand by laying it face upwards on the table1 or by failing to play to every trick1 the party playing alone scores five points4 #ea4 ,a card detached from the rest of the hand is liable to be called if either of the adversaries can name it2 but should an adversary name a wrong card1 he is liable to have a suit called when he or his partner next lead4 #eb4 ,if any player lead out of turn1 the adversaries may either call the card erroneously led1 or may call a suit from him or his partner when it is next the turn of either to lead4 #ec4 ,if any player lead out of turn1 and the other three have followed him1 the trick is complete1 and the error cannot be rectified2 but if only the second1 or the second and third1 have played to the false lead1 their cards1 on discovery of the mistake1 are taken back1 and there is no penalty against any one except the original offender4 #ed4 ,if a player who has rendered himself liable to have his highest or lowest called1 fail to play as desired1 or if when called on to lead one suit1 lead another1 having in his hand one or more cards of the suit demanded1 he incurs the penalty of a revoke4 #ee4 ,in no case can a player be compelled to play a card which would oblige him to revoke4 #ef4 ,the call for an exposed card can be repeated until such card has been played4 #eg4 ,if a player called on to lead a suit have none of it1 the penalty is paid4 ,,cards ,,played ,,in ,,error4 #eh4 ,should the third hand play before the second1 the fourth may play before his partner4 #ei4 ,should the third hand not have played1 and the fourth hand play before his partner1 the latter may be called on to win or lose the trick4 #fj4 ,should any one have omitted playing to a former trick1 and such error be not discovered till he has played to the next1 the adversaries may claim a new deal4 ,should they decide that the deal stand good1 the surplus card at the end of the hand is considered to have been played to the imperfect trick1 but does not constitute a revoke therein4 #fa4 ,if any one play two cards to the same trick1 or mix his trump or other card with a trick to which it does not properly belong1 and the mistake is not discovered till the hand is played out1 he is answerable for all the consequent revokes he may have made4 ,if during the play of the hand the error be detected1 the tricks may be counted face downwards1 to ascertain if there be among them a card too many2 should this be the case1 the trick may be searched1 and the card restored4 ,the player is1 however1 liable for all the revokes he may have meanwhile made4 ,,the ,,revoke4 #fb4 ,is when a player1 holding one or more cards of the suit led1 plays a card of a different suit4 #fc4 ,the penalty of a revoke is three points1 except in the case of a lone hand1 when it is five2 and the penalty may be claimed as often as the revoke is repeated in the hand4 #fd4 ,a revoke is established if the trick in which it occurs be turned and quitted2 or if the revoking player or his partner1 whether in his right turn or otherwise1 lead or play to the following trick4 #fe4 ,a player may ask his partner whether he has not a card of the suit renounced4 ,should the question be asked before the trick be turned and quitted1 subsequent turning and quitting does not establish the revoke1 and the error may be corrected1 unless the question be answered in the negative1 or unless the revoking player or his partner have led or played to the following trick4 #ff4 ,at the end of the hand the claimants of a revoke may search all the tricks4 #fg4 ,should a revoke be claimed1 and the accused player or his partner mix the cards before they have been sufficiently examined by the adversaries1 the revoke is established4 #fh4 ,a revoke cannot be claimed after the cards are cut for the next deal4 #fi4 ,if a player discover his mistake in time to save a revoke1 the adversaries may call the card played in error4 ,any player or players who have played after him1 except his partner1 may withdraw their cards and substitute others2 the cards so withdrawn are not liable to be called4 #gj4 ,a revoking player and his partner may require the hand on which the revoke occurred to be played out4 #ga4 ,an equal number of revokes on different sides cancel each other4 ,,calling ,,for ,,new ,,cards4 #gb4 ,any player 7on paying for them7 before1 but not after1 the pack is cut for the deal1 may call for fresh cards4 ,he must call for two new packs1 of which the dealer has the choice4 #gc4 ,a card or cards torn or marked must be replaced by agreement1 or new cards called for at the expense of the table4 ,,making ,,the ,,trump ,,and ,,playing4 #gd4 ,the trump card having been turned1 the eldest hand may pass1 order up1 or play alone2 in either of the last two cases the third hand may take it from him and play alone4 #ge4 ,should the eldest hand pass1 the second hand may pass1 assist1 or play alone2 in either of the last two cases the dealer may take it from him and play alone4 #gf4 ,should the second hand pass1 the third hand can pass1 order up1 or play alone2 and after him the dealer must pass1 take up the trump1 or play alone4 #gg4 ,should all four players pass1 the trump is turned down1 and the first hand can name a suit1 or pass2 and so on in turn around the table4 ,should all pass again1 the deal is at an end1 and the next player deals4 #gh4 ,should the player entitled to make a trump name a suit1 he cannot change2 and should he name the suit turned down1 he is considered to have passed4 #gi4 ,should the player1 after naming the suit turned down1 or passing1 mention the suit he intended to make trumps1 his partner also must pass4 #hj4 ,should a player pass1 and then attempt to assist1 or order up the trump1 his partner also must pass4 ,the adversaries1 however1 may elect that it shall be played4 #ha4 ,should a player make a declaration1 and his partner not hear it and pass1 the declaration is not invalidated4 #hb4 ,no player can take away another's right by passing1 ordering up1 or assisting1 out of turn2 but should the dealer turn down the trump card1 or on the second round throw his cards on the table1 such action is binding on his partner4 #hc4 ,if any one1 prior to his partner's playing1 should call attention to the trick either by saying that it is or is not his1 or by naming his card or by drawing it without being asked to do so1 or call on his partner to take or not to take the trick1 the adversaries may require that opponent's partner to play his highest or lowest of the suit led1 or to win or lose the trick4 #hd4 ,a player has no right to ask who played a particular card1 but at any time during the play of a trick1 or after the four cards are played1 but before they are touched for the purpose of gathering them together1 may demand that the cards be placed before their respective players4 #he4 ,when a player and his partner have an option of exacting from their adversaries one of two penalties1 they should agree who is to make the election1 but must not consult with one another which of the two penalties it is advisable to exact4 ,if they do so consult1 they lose their right2 and if either of them1 with or without the consent of his partner1 demand a penalty to which he is entitled1 such decision is final4 ,,the ,,discard4 #hf4 ,should the card turned up be made the trump1 the dealer must at once discard one card from his hand4 ,the discard is not complete until the dealer has placed the card under the pack and quitted it2 after which he cannot change4 #hg4 ,should the eldest hand lead before the discard is completed1 the lead stands1 and the dealer can change his discard if he wishes4 #hh4 ,the trump card cannot be discarded4 #hi4 ,should the third hand play alone1 and the second player lead before the dealer has discarded1 the latter can be called on to play his highest or lowest of the suit led1 or to win or lose the trick4 #ij4 ,should any player have more or less than five cards1 or the dealer neglect to discard before playing1 the deal holds good1 and the party so offending forfeits two if all four are playing1 and four if a lone hand is played4 ,they also are not entitled to score any point or points they may have made on that hand4 ,,the ,,trump ,,card4 #ia4 ,the trump card must be left in view till played1 and if removed or lifted from the pack1 becomes an exposed card4 #ib4 ,after the trump card has been played1 no player has a right to ask what card was turned up1 but can at any time ask what is the trump suit4 ,,playing ,,alone4 #ic4 ,a player may play alone when he orders up1 assists1 adopts1 or makes the trump1 or when his partner does so1 provided that he himself has not already passed4 #id4 ,if a player declares to play alone1 his partner may take it from him1 subject to the previous rule2 in which case the form of declaration must be1 ,i take it from you4 #ie4 ,a player cannot play alone when he or his partner is ordered up1 or when his adversaries adopt or make the trump1 or if before making his declaration he exposes a card4 #if4 ,the dealer must announce his intention to play alone before quitting his discard4 #ig4 ,a player must announce his intention to play alone before naming the trump1 otherwise he can be required to play the hand with his partner4 #ih4 ,in all cases a single declaration must be made4 ,it is not permitted to say1 ,i order it up and play it alone1 or ,i make it hearts and play it alone4 ,the declaration must be1 ,i play alone at hearts1 or1 ,alone at hearts4 ,any other declaration precludes a lone hand4 #ii4 ,should the partner of the player playing alone offer to take it from him after a lead has been made1 or after he has himself passed1 neither can play alone4 #ajj4 ,should a player announce that he will play alone1 and his partner play upon the first lead1 the player loses his right to play the hand alone1 and must play it with his partner1 unless his adversaries elect that he play it alone4 #aja4 ,should a player announce that he will play alone1 his partner must place his own cards on the table face downwards1 and not again take them up4 ,he shall have the right to gather and quit his partner's tricks1 and his action is binding on his partner4 #ajb4 ,should a player expose the face of any of his cards1 his partner can score only two points1 should he take every trick2 but in case of a euchre the adversaries score four4 #ajc4 ,after the partner of the lone player has placed his hand on the table1 either adversary may count the hand1 to see if it contains more or less than five cards4 #ajd4 ,a player playing alone is liable to no penalty for simply exposing a card2 but should he lead out of turn1 the card is an exposed card1 and can be called4 #aje4 ,should an adversary play out of turn to the lead of a lone hand1 both opposing hands must be laid on the table1 and can be called by the player playing alone4 ,,etiquette ,,of ,,euchre4 #ajf4 ,the following rules belong to the established ,etiquette of ,euchre4 ,they are not called ,laws1 as it is difficult1 and in some cases impossible1 to apply any penalty to their infraction1 and the only remedy is to cease to play with the players who habitually disregard them4 #ajg4 ,two packs of cards of different colors are invariably used at ,clubs1 and this should be adhered to if possible4 #ajh4 ,a player having the lead and another winning card to play1 should not draw the second card out of his hand till his partner has played to the first trick1 such act being a distinct intimation that the former has played a winning card4 #aji4 ,no intimation whatever by word or gesture should be given by a player as to the state of the hand or the game after the trump card is turned4 #aaj4 ,a player who desires the cards to be placed1 or demands to see the last trick1 should do so for his own information only1 and not to attract the attention of his partner4 #aaa4 ,no player should object to refer to a bystander who professes himself uninterested in the game and able to decide any disputed question of fact4 #aab4 ,it is unfair to revoke purposely2 and having made a revoke1 a player is not justified in making a second to conceal the first4 #aac4 ,until the players have made such bets as they wish1 bets should not be made with the bystanders4 #aad4 ,bystanders should make no remark1 nor should they1 by word or gesture1 give any intimation of the state of the game until concluded and scored1 nor should they walk around the table to look at the different hands4 #aae4 ,no one should look over the hand of a player against whom he is betting4 #aaf4 ,players should pass1 assist1 order up1 etc41 with as nearly as possible the same manner at all times1 and should be careful not to give information by unusual quickness or delay4 ,,technical ,,terms ,,used ,,in ,,euchre4 ,right ,bower1 or ,right1--knave of the trump suit1 which is the highest card4 ,left ,bower1 or ,left1--knave of the same color as the trump suit1 which is the second best card4 ,alone1--playing without your partner4 ,assist1 or ,help1--ordering up the trump when your partner deals4 ,announce1--to declare the suit which shall be trumps4 ,bridge1--when the score of the eldest hand is four to one or four to two in his favor4 ,crossing the suit1--making the trump of a different color from the suit turned down4 ,next1--to make a trump of the color turned down4 ,euchre1--when the party making the trump fails to take three tricks4 ,hand1--the five cards dealt to each player4 ,ordering up1--requiring the dealer and his partner to play the trump turned up4 ,pass1--declining to order up1 assist1 adopt1 or make the trump4 ,march1--taking five tricks4 ,love ,game1 ,slam1 or ,double1--where the score is five to nothing4 ,lap1--is where more points are made than are necessary to win a game1 and are carried to the next game4 ,rubber1--consists of three games4 ,when1 however1 a lap is made in the third game1 a fourth must be played4 ,a ,lay ,card1 or an ,outsider1--is a card of a different suit from the trump4 ,illustration ,,general ,,remarks4 ,the following points are written simply for the information of those not thoroughly conversant with the game of ,euchre4 ,it is not the intention of the authors to write a treatise on the game1 but merely to illustrate a few conventional plays1 most of which are in use among the best exponents of the game4 ,there can be no absolute rules about the play in ,euchre1 as in ,whist1 as the number of cards is so few that the importance of each play is intensified1 and the score has so great an influence on the hand4 ,the exceptions also are perhaps almost as numerous as the rules2 but if the beginner will accept as a guide the appended hints1 it is thought they will not lead him far astray4 ,the play of the cards is governed by the card sense of the individual4 ,the refinement of the game consists in playing to the score1 which is quite peculiar to ,euchre1 since it is so constantly changing4 ,the same hand should suggest different ideas at different scores4 ,a player should school himself to notice the score before he picks up his hand4 ,no attempt has been made to go beyond the adoption of the trump1 passing1 assisting1 and the original lead or play1 at the risk of being confusing4 ,a beginner should follow these hints pretty closely4 ,a good ,euchre player can make his own exceptions2 but they should be made with careful consideration1 and not abused4 ,,eldest1 ,,or ,,first ,,hand4 ,when the right is not turned1 order with three medium trumps or better1 and some strength in suit1 provided you have nothing to go to2 for example1 ace1 queen1 ten of the turn-up1 and two cards of another suit4 ,do not order 7unless with great strength7 if you can make it next2 for example1 queen of clubs turned up1 you hold right1 ten1 and nine of clubs1 and king and ten of spades2 or left1 ace and seven of clubs1 seven of spades1 and seven of diamonds4 ,in both of these cases pass1 and make it next4 ,make it next when you can1 and do not cross the suit1 unless very strong1 especially when a bower is turned down2 for example1 the dealer has turned down the king of spades1 with ace1 king1 and seven of hearts1 knave of spades1 and ten of clubs3 make it next1 and lead the left4 ,when making the trump with ace and two others 7without the king71 lead ace in next1 and small one when crossing the suit4 ,if the right is not turned1 lead trumps through the assisting hand4 ,the exceptions to this are1--,with left and small one2 ace and small one2 with score four to three in your favor1 and you play with certain reasons to stop a march2 and occasionally when short of a suit4 ,with a large tenace in trumps as right1 ace1 or right1 king1 and no outside cards of any special value1 play an off-suit1 whether dealer takes up with or without assistance4 ,with one or two trumps and two aces1 lead trumps1 whether through assistance or not4 ,if the dealer adopts the trump1 avoid1 if you can1 leading from suits of king1 seven2 queen1 seven1 etc4 ,if possible1 lead an ace1 or from a short suit of king or queen1 or from a suit of equals1 as king1 queen1 or queen1 knave1 or knave1 ten4 ,in general do not lead trumps up to the dealer's adoption2 but with three trumps1 and the score two points in your favor1 lead a trump1 if the turn-up is not above the king4 ,if you hold the two bowers and an outside ace1 always lead them in the order named4 ,always lead a trump when your partner has ordered up1 or made the trump4 ,if you have no trump1 play your best card4 ,avoid leading the turn-down until at least one round of trumps has been played4 ,if you have left and small one1 lead the left and continue with small one if both opponents follow4 ,with any two others1 lead smallest1 unless equals4 ,score four to three in your favor is a position of caution1 and consequently your play should be very conservative4 ,,second ,,hand4 ,do not assist too light4 ,this is the most common error in ,euchre4 ,assist with three trumps4 right and another4#a left and another1 and outside ace4 ,footnote #a3 ,another means a small one4 ,assist with left and another2 dependent upon the score1 two trumps and two aces4 ace and another1 and outside ace2 dependent upon score2 always1 however1 if right is turned4 two medium trumps1 and one suit of three1 headed by the ace1 dependent upon the score4 ,ace and another1 and king and another1 even when short of a suit1 are permissible only when justified by scores of four-all or four-love in your favor4 ,anything less than this is not good ,euchre1 except1 of course1 at the two above-named scores4 ,do not assist the right with two small ones4 ,your partner usually will know what to do with the bower4 ,by too light an assistance you may tempt him into a lone hand1 under the impression that one or two big trumps are out of his way4 ,remember that to be short of one or two suits is a great advantage to an assisting hand4 ,when led through with right and another1 play the right1 except when the ace is turned1--when it is permissible to finesse4 ,when led through1 when assisting with left and another1 play left1 unless right or ace is turned4 ,when assisting with three trumps1 if you take the first trick in suit1 lead trumps at once4 ,if you take the first trick by trumping a suit1 your play is then dependent upon the value of your remaining trumps and the turn-up4 ,with two trumps and two aces1 lead trumps as early as possible1 if your opponents have not done so for you4 ,if your partner adopts the turn-up without your assistance1 and you hold queen1 seven2 ten1 eight1 etc41 in trumps1 ruff as early as possible with the big one1 and lead the small one4 ,if you take the first trick in suit1 and your partner throws away1 do not lead the suit he has shown1 even if you have the ace of it4 ,if your partner turn down black1 make it red if you can1 especially if he has turned down the bower4 ,when playing second to a small card1 do not ruff with right alone if it is the first trick4 ,ruff with left alone1 especially with your partner's make or adoption4 ,if your partner refuses to adopt the turn-up1 and the third hand declares to play alone1 lead a card of the same suit as the turn-down4 ,with one small trump1 ruff as soon as you can4 ,do not finesse in lay cards4 ,,third ,,hand4 ,it requires a stronger hand to order or make the trump in this position than in the eldest hand1 since you cannot depend upon your partner's lead1 and he has displayed weakness by passing4 ,however1 if you have a good hand at the turn-up1 and are very strong at next1 it is better to order1 since the stronger you are at next1 the greater the improbability that your partner will be able to make it next4 ,it is wise to see your way absolutely clear to three tricks before ordering the right4 ,there are certain hands1 however1 which by their strength compel you to order1--the right not being turned2 and here are most of them4 ,order with four trumps4 two bowers and another4 two bowers and outside ace4 three trumps and two aces4 three trumps and one suit1 headed by ace4 right1 ace1 and another4 left1 ace1 king1 and outside ace4 left1 ace1 king1 and one suit4 left1 ace1 king1 dependent upon the score4 left1 king and another1 and outside ace4 left1 queen and another1 and outside ace4 ,order with ace1 king and another1 and outside ace4 ,if you ruff1 it is usually well to beat the turn-up4 ,,the ,,dealer4 ,take up three trumps4 right and ace4 right and king right and queen4 right and another1 and one suit4 right1 another1 and outside ace4 left1 ace1 and outside ace4 left1 another1 outside ace2 and king1 queen of the third suit4 ace1 king1 and one suit headed by ace2 dependent upon score4 two trumps and two aces4 ,with the score at four-all or four-love in his favor1 the dealer may play a lighter hand than any mentioned above1 especially if it is his best4 ,scores of three-all and four to two in dealer's favor require more than ordinary caution4 ,with score four to three in dealer's favor he may play a shade lighter than ordinary4 ,if it comes round to the dealer to make a trump1 it is permissible to make it with somewhat less strength than would be required in the other three hands4 ,it is usually better with a fair hand to try for a point rather than to turn down for a euchre4 ,if1 however1 the dealer is better at next1 and holds both bowers of the cross-suit1 it is good euchre to pass4 ,if the dealer adopts the turn-up without assistance and has right and another1 and takes the first trick with his small trump1 he should not lead the right unless he can follow with an ace4 ,always be careful how you play your small cards1 and never play false cards4 ,if the dealer adopts the turn-up1 he should discard the lowest card of a short suit2 for example1 with three trumps1 ace1 seven of one suit1 and outside king1 discard the king4 ,some prefer to keep the king with score four-all with only two trumps in the hand4 ,with two trumps 7clubs71 ace1 seven of hearts1 and king1 seven of diamonds1 discard the seven of diamonds4 ,with three trumps 7clubs71 ace1 king of hearts1 and ace of diamonds1 discard the king of hearts1 except when playing a lone hand1 in which case discard the ace of diamonds4 ,when your partner assists1 and you take the first or second trick1 always give him a trump if he has not played one4 ,give all the information possible to your partner by your play2 for example1 queen of clubs is turned up1 and you are assisted and hold the king of clubs in your hand4 ,if you or your partner take the first trick with a trump1 play the king4 ,if you hold both ace and king of clubs in your hand1 play the ace4 ,if you hold ace and king of an outside suit1 throw away the ace as soon as possible on your partner's trick1 thereby showing him you have command of that suit4 ,if1 however1 you see by the fall of the cards that your partner has no strength in his hand1 you may conceal this information1 since it will do him no good1 and can only benefit your opponents4 ,this1 of course1 applies to all four hands4 ,,the ,,bridge4 ,there is such a variety of opinion about the bridge that the writers do not feel confident enough to express any decided view about the matter4 ,it is a complicated question from a mathematical point of view1 and they have never kept any record for a long enough period of time to be of any practical value4 ,they doubt1 however1 the expediency of keeping the bridge strictly4 ,if1 however1 the bridge is to be kept at all1 it should be kept always1 and in the same manner2 otherwise you deceive your partner4 ,there is a growing tendency to abolish the bridge4 ,the writers remember distinctly not long ago when every one kept the bridge2 now the same players take their chances with two lay aces1 or the ace and another in trumps4 ,this1 however1 is purely a matter of taste1 and is not offered here as an arbitrary rule4 ,naturally1 some hands will make four beyond a doubt2 but it is much harder to get an imperfect lone hand through against two good players than against two inferior ones2 hence the better the players1 the less is the value of the bridge against the ordinary lone hand4 ,,lone ,,hands4 ,it is impossible to absolutely define a lone hand4 ,with the score three-all1 four-all1 or any score in your favor1 do not risk a light lone hand4 ,it is our opinion that a great many points are lost by not taking your partner with you for a march4 ,with the score four-one or four-two against you1 you may take a desperate chance4 ,if your opponents keep bridges tolerably strictly1 you must1 of course1 be more careful if they have passed4 ,the eldest hand has the best position to play a lone hand1 and the dealer the next best4 ,the second and third hands have the weakest positions for lone hands1 especially the third hand1 if the turn-up is the trump1 since if the third hand declares to play alone it has become an established custom for the dealer to discard next in suit1 and for his partner to lead it to him4 ,the third hand should take this into consideration before playing alone4 ,this is the only case when the original lead of next in suit has any significance4 ,in playing against a lone hand1 you should lead from a short suit or suit of equals1 if possible1 and the fourth card you play 7supposing always the lone hand to take the first four tricks with trumps7 should inform your partner what suit you mean to keep4 ,for example3 ,clubs are trumps4 ,eldest hand has two small trumps1 queen of hearts1 and queen and seven of spades4 ,lead the queen of hearts4 ,the dealer1 who is playing alone1 ruffs the heart and leads both bowers and the ace of trumps4 ,on the fourth trick you play the seven of spades2 your partner1 holding the ace of spades and the ten of diamonds1 should throw away the ace of spades and keep the ten1 thereby attacking the lone hand in all three suits4 ,example3 ,clubs are trumps4 ,the eldest hand has the king of clubs1 the king of hearts1 the ace and seven of diamonds1 and the ten of spades4 ,lead the king of hearts1 throw away the ten of spades as early as possible1 and play the seven of diamonds on the fourth trick1 thereby informing your partner that you are keeping a diamond4 ,if you lead from equals1--as king1 queen1 or queen1 knave1--and your opponent takes the trick with a card of that suit1 throw away all your other cards1 however high1 and keep your second one of that suit4 ,this applies always against the dealer1 and usually against any other player4 ,if the eldest hand holds the ace of hearts and the ace and king of spades 7the trump being a club71 lead the ace of hearts and advertise the command of the spade suit by throwing away the ace as soon as possible4 ,an exception3 ,for third hand1 supposing the dealer to have taken the first three tricks without showing a lay card and to have led a winning trump for the fourth trick4 ,if your partner's fourth card is a lay king1 and you hold one card of that suit and one of another1 neither of which suits has been ruffed1 keep the card of the same suit as your partner's king on the fourth trick4 ,with an assistance you may play a lone hand with less strength than otherwise4 ,should your partner declare to play alone1 and you have a fair trump hand with no weakness in lay suits1 it is good play to take it from him4 ,,coups4 ,the following cases are offered to illustrate some of the fine points in the game4 ,opportunities for making some of these plays occur frequently1 and every ambitious euchre-player should be familiar with them4 ,the easiest way to follow them is to place the cards on the table as shown below4 ,a coup is when you depart from the ordinary established rules of play1 with certain reasons for each special case4 ,do not hesitate when attempting a coup4 ,consider what the play of your adversaries means1 as well as that of your partner4 ,bear in mind that coups are justified only in exceptional cases4 ,in all these cases ,a and ,c are partners4 ,a is the dealer1 and the discard is supposed to have been properly made4 ,,case ,i4 ,refusing to over trump4 ,a #i of clubs 7turn-up71 ,knave of clubs1 ,ace1 king of hearts1 #h of spades4 ,d ,b ,king and #aj of clubs1 ,ace of clubs1 ,ace1 #i of spades1 ,queen1 #h of hearts1 #i of hearts4 ,knave of diamonds1 #aj of spades4 ,c #g1 #h1 and #aj of diamonds1 ,queen of spades1 #aj of hearts4 ,score1 love-all4 ,a adopts the trump4 ,first ,trick4--,b leads knave of diamonds1 ,c plays the seven1 ,d ruffs with the ten of clubs1 and ,a throws away the eight of spades4 ,second ,trick4--,d leads the ace of spades1 ,a ruffs with the nine of clubs1 and both ,b and ,c follow suit4 ,third ,trick4--,a leads the right bower and catches the ace and king from ,b and ,d1 while his partner throws his small diamond4 ,fourth ,trick4--in this case ,a will win whether he leads the ace or king of hearts2 but his play should be the king1 since his partner cannot help him in any way1 and ,b might hold the left bower and pass the king of hearts1 when he would ruff the ace4 ,,remarks4--,if ,a goes over the ten of trumps with his right in the first trick1 he will be euchred4 ,this is the simplest coup1 and is in constant use4 ,it is not good euchre to do this when your partner has assisted4 ,,case ,,ii4 ,leading through assistance4 ,when to continue with trumps4 ,a ,king of hearts 7turn-up71 ,queen of hearts1 ,queen1 knave of spades1 ,queen of clubs4 ,d ,b #h1 #i1 #aj of diamonds1 ,knave1 #h of hearts1 #aj of clubs1 ,ace of clubs1 #g of hearts4 ,king1 #i of spades4 ,c ,knave of diamonds1 ,ace of hearts1 ,ace1 #h of spades1 #g of diamonds4 ,score1 love-all4 ,c assists4 ,,remarks4--,b leads the right through the assisting hand1 ,c plays the ace1 ,d the seven1 and ,a should play the king4 ,if ,a plays the queen to give information to his partner1 ,b should at once continue with the eight of hearts1 and thus effect a euchre4 ,if ,a plays the king1 ,b's natural play would be to lead the ace of clubs1 whereby ,a and ,c make their point4 ,few cases arise when you should conceal information from your partner1 but this is one of them4 ,,case ,,iii4 ,ruffing a winning card in order to draw trumps and score two4 ,a #i of hearts 7turn-up71 ,knave of diamonds1 #g of hearts1 ,queen1 #h of clubs4 ,d ,b ,ace1 king of hearts1 ,queen1 #aj of hearts1 ,king of spades1 ,ace of diamonds1 ,king of diamonds1 ,king of clubs1 #aj of clubs4 #i of spades4 ,c ,right1 #h of hearts1 ,ace of clubs1 ,ace1 #aj of spades4 ,score1 four to three in favor of ,a and ,c4 ,c assists4 ,first ,trick4--,b leads the ten of hearts1 ,c plays the right1 ,d the king1 and ,a the seven4 ,second ,trick4--,c leads the ace of clubs1 ,d plays the ten1 ,a the eight of clubs1 and ,b the king4 ,third ,trick4--,c leads the ace of spades1 ,d plays the king1 ,a ruffs with the nine of hearts1 and ,b plays the nine of spades4 ,fourth and ,fifth ,tricks4--,a leads the left1 thereby drawing all the trumps1 and continues with the winning club4 ,,case ,,iv4 ,leading a trump up to the right4 ,a ,knave of hearts 7turn-up71 ,king of hearts1 ,ace of clubs1 ,ace1 king of spades4 ,d ,b #i of hearts1 ,knave of diamonds1 #g1 #h of spades1 ,ace1 queen of hearts1 ,king1 #h of clubs4 #i of spades1 ,ace of diamonds4 ,c #aj1 #g1 hearts1 ,knave1 #aj of spades1 ,king of diamonds4 ,a adopts the trump4 ,score1 four to one in favor of ,a and ,c4 ,first ,trick4--,b leads the left1 ,c plays the seven of hearts1 ,d the nine1 and ,a wins with the right4 ,second ,trick4--,a leads the ace of spades1 ,b follows with the nine1 ,c with the ten1 and ,d with the seven4 ,third1 ,fourth1 and ,fifth ,tricks4--,no matter what ,a plays1 he is euchred1 since ,b wins the last three tricks4 ,,case ,v4 ,under-play in fourth hand with a large tenace4 ,a ,ace of diamonds 7turn-up71 ,queen1 #g of diamonds1 #i1 #g of hearts4 ,d ,b ,king1 knave of clubs1 ,knave1 king1 #aj of ,queen1 #aj of spades1 diamonds1 #h of hearts4 ,ace1 queen of hearts4 ,c ,knave of hearts1 ,king1 #aj of hearts1 ,king1 #aj of spades4 ,score1 three-all4 ,a adopts the trump4 ,first ,trick4--,b leads ace of hearts1 ,c plays the ten1 ,d the eight1 and ,a the seven4 ,second ,trick4--,b continues with the queen of hearts1 ,c covers1 and wins with the king1 ,d throws the ten of spades1 and ,a the nine of hearts4 ,third ,trick4--,c leads the left bower1 ,d throws the queen of spades1 ,a the seven of diamonds1 and ,b refuses to win by playing under with the ten of diamonds1 thereby making a certainty of establishing the euchre with the tenace of right and king in the fourth and fifth tricks4 ,,case ,,vi4 ,trumping your partner's trick to put the lead through the strong hand4 ,a ,ace of diamonds 7turn-up71 ,knave of diamonds1 #aj of diamonds1 ,king of spades1 #aj of clubs4 ,d ,b ,king1 #h of hearts1 ,ace of spades1 #i1 #h of clubs1 #g of spades1 ,queen of diamonds4 ,knave of hearts1 ,king1 queen of clubs4 ,c ,ace1 #aj of hearts1 ,knave1 #g of clubs1 ,queen of spades4 ,score three-all4 ,a adopts the trump4 ,first ,trick4--,b leads the king of clubs1 ,c follows with the seven of clubs1 ,d with the eight of clubs1 and ,a with the ten of clubs4 ,second ,trick4--,b continues with the queen of clubs1 ,c plays the knave1 ,d the nine1 and ,a wins with the ten of diamonds4 ,third ,trick4--,a leads the king of spades1 ,b covers with the ace1 ,c plays the queen1 and ,d trumps1 and wins with the queen of diamonds4 ,fourth ,trick4--,d leads the king of hearts1 ,a ruffs with the ace1 and is euchred by ,b's left bower4 ,,remarks4--,c in the third trick perceived that his queen was useless1 unless used to trump his partner's trick and put the lead through ,a1 with the hope that his partner had the left and might be able to get it in4 ,the ace was turned up1 and ,a could have no card lower than the queen1 since he had ruffed fourth hand with the ten4 ,,case ,,vii4 ,refusing to ruff when you hold the high trump4 ,a ,queen of clubs 7turn-up71 ,right1 ace of clubs1 ,king1 queen of spades4 ,d ,b ,ace1 #i of spades1 ,knave of spades1 ,king1 queen of diamonds1 #h of clubs1 ,knave of hearts4 ,ace1 #i1 #h of hearts4 ,c ,king1 #aj1 #i of clubs1 #g1 #i of diamonds4 ,score1 three to one in favor of ,b and ,d4 ,c assists1 and ,a plays alone4 ,first ,trick4--,b leads ace of hearts1 ,d follows with knave1 and ,a ruffs with queen of clubs4 ,second ,trick4--,a leads the right1 ,b plays the eight1 and ,d the nine1 of spades4 ,third ,trick4--,a leads the king of spades1 ,b refuses to ruff1 having the highest trump1 thereby euchring ,a4 ,the opportunity for this coup of refusing to ruff occurs very frequently4 ,the following coups1 which occurred recently in play1 serve to show the possibilities of the game4 ,they are offered here for the inspection of experienced players only1 and not for the emulation of beginners4 ,,case ,,viii4 ,a #i of diamonds 7turn-up71 ,knave of hearts1 ,queen of spades1 ,queen1 #i of hearts4 ,d ,b ,ace1 queen1 #aj of clubs1 ,ace1 king1 #aj of diamonds1 ,king of hearts1 ,ace1 #aj of spades4 #i of spades4 ,c ,queen1 #g1 #h of diamonds1 ,ace1 #h of hearts4 ,score1 game-all and four-all4 ,first ,trick4--,b very properly orders up1 and leads the ace of diamonds2 ,c follows with the seven1 ,d throws the ten of clubs1 and ,a takes with left bower4 ,second ,trick4--,a leads queen of spades1 ,b covers with the ace1 and ,c wins the trick with the eight of diamonds1 ,d playing the nine of spades4 ,third ,trick4--,c leads the eight of hearts1 ,d plays king of hearts1 ,a plays nine of hearts1 and ,b throws ten of spades 7not a sure winner7 on his partner's trick4 ,fourth ,trick4--,d leads ace of clubs1 ,a ruffs with the nine of diamonds1 ,b covers with the ten1 and ,c wins the trick and scores a euchre with the queen of trumps4 ,,remarks4--,c makes the coup by leading the eight instead of the ace of hearts4 ,c recognized the fact1 after the fall of the cards in the second round1 that ,b must have had three trumps to order with1 and they must have been the ace1 king1 ten2 and after he had taken the second trick he must throw the lead into ,d's hand1 thereby making his queen against the king1 ten4 ,,case ,,ix4 ,a ,queen of clubs 7turn-up71 ,right and left bowers1 ,queen1 knave of diamonds4 ,d ,b #i of clubs1 ,ace1 king of clubs1 #aj of diamonds1 ,ace1 king1 #g of diamonds4 ,king1 #g of spades1 #g of hearts4 ,c ,score1 ,a ,c one2 ,b ,d three2 and one game4 ,a plays alone4 ,first ,trick4--,b leads the ace of diamonds1 ,d plays the ten1 and ,a the knave4 ,second ,trick4--,b leads the seven of diamonds1 ,d trumps with the nine of clubs1 and ,a plays the queen of diamonds4 ,third ,trick4--,no matter what ,d leads1 ,a is euchred4 ,b here makes the coup by recognizing what ,a must have for a trump-hand1 and leads his small and losing diamond1 making it imperative for his partner to ruff1 thereby putting the lead through ,a1 and establishing the euchre4 ,transcriber's ,note3 turn-up was misprinted turn up in ,case ,,vi2 this typo has been corrected for this electronic edition4