---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,disclaimer ,the articles published in the ,annual ,reports of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association are the findings and thoughts solely of the authors and are not to be construed as an endorsement by the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association1 its board of directors1 or its members4 ,no endorsement is intended for products mentioned1 nor is criticism meant for products not mentioned4 ,the laws and recommendations for pesticide application may have changed since the articles were written4 ,it is always the pesticide applicator's responsibility1 by law1 to read and follow all current label directions for the specific pesticide being used4 ,the discussion of specific nut tree cultivars and of specific techniques to grow nut trees that might have been successful in one area and at a particular time is not a guarantee that similar results will occur elsewhere4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association ,,incorporated ,affiliated with ,,the ,,american ,,horticultural ,,society ,,report of the proceedings of the ,twenty-fourth ,annual ,meeting ,,downingtown1 ,,pa4 ,,september #aa and #ab1 #aicc ,,index ,officers1 ,directors and ,committees #c ,state ,vice-,presidents #d ,list of ,members #e ,constitution #h ,by-,laws #i ,my ,butternut1 ,a ,poem1 by ,j4 ,h4 ,helmick #aj ,proceedings of the ,twenty-fourth ,annual ,convention #aa ,address of ,rev4 ,g4 ,paul ,musselman #aa ,report of the ,treasurer #ac ,j4 ,f4 ,jones' ,experimental ,work in ,hybridizing ,filberts and ,hazels--,miss ,mildred ,jones #ad ,commercial ,cracking of the ,black ,walnut--,h4 ,f4 ,stoke #af ,walnut ,notes for #aicc--;,c4 ,a4 ,reed #bj ,is ,information of ,general ,orchard ,fertility of ,value in the ,nut ,grove--,prof4 ,f4 ,n4 ,fagan #be ,forward ,march of the ,nut ,cultural ,project in ,michigan--,prof4 ,james ,a4 ,neilson #bh ,notes on the ,filbert ,orchard at ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y4--,prof4 ,g4 ,l4 ,slate #cd ,developing a ,walnut ,grove as a ,side ,line by a ,bee-keeper--,l4 ,k4 ,hostetter #cg ,nut ,trees as ,used in ,landscaping--,dr4 ,lewis ,e4 ,theiss #ci ,my ,experience in ,growing ,nut ,trees on the ,home ,lawn--,m4 ,glen ,kirkpatrick #db ,developing a ,thousand ,tree ,improved ,black ,walnut ,grove--,c4 ,f4 ,hostetter #dc ,tribute to ,mr4 ,bixby #de ,message to ,dr4 ,morris #df ,a ,black ,walnut ,grove and ,why--,dr4 ,frank ,l4 ,baum #dg ,nut ,contests #dh ,filbert ,pollinization #dh ,green ,shoot ,grafting of ,trees--,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris #di ,communications from3 ,robert ,t4 ,morris1 ,m4,d4 #di ,prof4 ,a4 ,s4 ,colby #ec ,j4 ,u4 ,gellatly #ed ,notes on the ,tour1 ,tuesday1 ,september #ab1 #aicc #ee ,notes on the ,banquet1 ,tuesday evening1 ,september #ab1 #aicc #ef ,address of ,al4 ,bergstrom #eg ,reports of ,standing ,committees #eg ,reports of the ,resolutions ,committee #eg ,list of member nurserymen having budded and grafted stock #eh ,exhibits at the ,convention #ei ,attendance #fj ,books and ,bulletins on ,northern ,nut ,growing #fb ,advertisements--,hobbies ,magazine #fc ,,officers ,,of ,,the ,,association ,president4 ,,frank ,h4 ,,frey1 ,,room #icj1 ,,la ,,salle ,,st4 ,,station1 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,vice-,president4 ,,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,zimmerman1 #cb ,,south #ac,,th ,,st41 ,,harrisburg1 ,,pa4 ,secretary4 ,,geo4 ,l4 ,,slate1 ,,state ,,agricultural ,,experiment ,,station1 ,,geneva1 ,n4 ,y4 ,treasurer4 ,,newton ,h4 ,,russell1 #ab ,,burnett ,,ave41 ,,south ,,hadley1 ,,mass4 ,,directors ,,frank ,h4 ,,frey1 ,,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,zimmerman1 ,,geo4 ,l4 ,,slate1 ,,newton ,h4 ,,russell1 ,,carl ,f4 ,,walker1 ,,prof4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,neilson4 ,,editor ,,of ,,publications ,,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming4 ,,committees ,executive4 ,,frank ,h4 ,,frey1 ,,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,zimmerman1 ,,geo4 ,l4 ,,slate1 ,,newton ,h4 ,,russell1 ,,carl ,f4 ,,walker1 ,,prof4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,neilson4 ,auditing4 ,,zenas ,h4 ,,ellis1 ,,carl ,f4 ,,walker4 ,finance4 ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming1 ,h4 ,r4 ,,weber4 ,press and ,publication4 ,,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming1 ,,karl ,w4 ,,greene1 ,,dr4 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smith1 ,,zenas ,h4 ,,ellis1 ,,geo4 ,l4 ,,slate4 ,membership4 ,,newton ,h4 ,,russell1 ,,miss ,,dorothy ,c4 ,,sawyer1 ,j4 ,u4 ,,gellatly1 ,,john ,w4 ,,hershey1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,snyder4 ,program4 ,,prof4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,neilson1 ,,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming1 ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed1 ,h4 ,,burgart1 ,,karl ,w4 ,,greene4 ,hybrids and ,promising ,seedlings4 ,,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,zimmerman1 ,,prof4 ,n4 ,f4 ,,drake1 ,,miss ,,amelia ,,riehl1 ,h4 ,f4 ,,stoke1 ,j4 ,f4 ,,wilkinson4 ,survey4 ,,carl ,f4 ,,walker1 ,,dr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,colby1 ,h4 ,f4 ,,stoke1 ,j4 ,f4 ,,wilkinson4 ,exhibits4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,hershey1 ,,miss ,,mildred ,,jones1 ,h4 ,,burgart1 ,,prof4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,colby4 ,,dean ,,of ,,the ,,association ,,dr4 ,,robert ,t4 ,,morris1 ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,connecticut4 ,,field ,,secretary ,,zenas ,h4 ,,ellis1 ,,fair ,,haven1 ,,vermont4 ,,official ,,journal ,,national ,,nut ,,news1 #bhaj ,s4 ,,michigan ,,ave41 ,,chicago1 ,,illinois4 ,,state ,,vice-,,presidents ,arkansas ,prof4 ,n4 ,f4 ,drake ,california ,will ,j4 ,thorpe ,canada ,j4 ,u4 ,gellatly ,china ,p4 ,w4 ,wang ,connecticut ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,deming ,dist4 of ,columbia ,l4 ,h4 ,mitchell ,england ,howard ,spence ,illinois ,prof4 ,a4 ,s4 ,colby ,indiana ,j4 ,f4 ,wilkinson ,iowa ,d4 ,c4 ,snyder ,maryland ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage ,massachusetts ,james ,h4 ,bowditch ,michigan ,harry ,burgart ,minnesota ,carl ,weschcke ,missouri ,p4 ,c4 ,stark ,nebraska ,william ,caha ,new ,york ,prof4 ,l4 ,h4 ,mac,daniels ,new ,jersey ,lee ,w4 ,jaques ,ohio ,harry ,r4 ,weber ,pennsylvania ,john ,rick ,rhode ,island ,philip ,allen ,vermont ,zenas ,h4 ,ellis ,virginia ,dr4 ,russel ,j4 ,smith ,washington ,d4 ,h4 ,berg ,west ,virginia ,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,cannaday ,wisconsin ,lt4 ,g4 ,h4 ,turner ,,northern ,,nut ,,growers ,,association ,list of ,members as of ,january #a1 #aicd ,abbott1 ,mrs4 ,laura ,w41 ,route ,no4 #b1 ,bristol1 ,pennsylvania4 ,adams1 ,gerald ,w41 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 #d1 ,moorehead1 ,iowa4 ,aldrich1 ,a4 ,w41 ,route #c1 ,springfield1 ,vermont4 ,allen1 ,edward ,e41 ,hotel ,ambassador1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,allen1 ,philip1 #agh ,dorance ,st41 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,andrews1 ,miss ,frances ,e41 #bde ,clifton ,ave41 ,minneapolis1 ,minn4 ,anthony1 ,a4 ,b41 ,sterling1 ,illinois4 ,ballock1 ,j4 ,s41 #aeei ,main ,street1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,bartlett1 ,frances ,a41 ,stamford1 ,connecticut4 ,baum1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,l41 ,boyertown1 ,pennsylvania4 ,bennett1 ,f4 ,h41 #ai ,east #ibnd ,st41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,berg1 ,d4 ,h41 ,nooksack1 ,washington4 ,betz1 ,frank ,s4 7,personal71 ,betz ,bldg41 ,hammond1 ,indiana4 ,bixby1 ,mrs4 ,willard ,g41 #cb ,grand ,ave41 ,baldwin1 ,n4 ,y4 ,bontz1 ,mrs4 ,geo4 ,i41 ,route ,no4 #b1 ,peoria1 ,illinois4 99 ,bowditch1 ,james ,h41 #ijc ,tremont ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,boyce1 ,daniel1 ,rt4 #d1 ,winterset1 ,iowa4 ,bradley1 ,homer1 c_/o ,kellogg ,farms1 ,rt4 #a1 ,augusta1 ,mich4 ,brown1 ,daniel ,l41 #fj ,state ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,brown1 ,roy ,w41 ,spring ,valley1 ,illinois4 ,bryant1 ,dr4 ,ward ,c41 #ca ,federal ,st41 ,greenfield1 ,mass4 ,buckwalter1 ,alan ,r41 ,flemington1 ,new ,jersey4 ,burgart ,h41 c_/o ,mich4 ,nut ,nursery1 ,rt4 #b1 ,union ,city1 ,michigan4 ,caha1 ,william1 ,wahoo1 ,nebraska4 ,canaday1 ,ward ,m41 ,home ,bank ,building1 ,toledo1 ,ohio4 ,cannaday1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,e41 c_/o ,charleston ,gen4 ,hosp41 ,charleston1 ,west ,virginia4 ,chipman1 ,g4 ,f41 ,the ,country ,guide1 ,winnipeg1 ,man41 ,canada4 ,close1 ,prof4 ,c4 ,p41 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,colby1 ,arthur ,s41 ,university of ,illinois1 ,urbana1 ,ill4 ,collins1 ,joseph ,n41 #cce ,w4 #hgth ,st41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,cooley1 ,ralph ,b41 ,hotel ,kimbal1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,crysdale1 ,stanley ,a41 ,r4 ,d4 #e1 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,curtis1 ,elroy1 ,brookfield1 ,conn4 ,deeben1 ,fred1 ,trevorton1 ,pennsylvania4 ,deming1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c1 #ca ,owen ,street1 ,hartford1 ,conn4 99 ,drake1 ,prof4 ,n4 ,f41 ,fayetteville1 ,arkansas4 ,elfgren1 ,ivan ,p41 #aa ,sheldon ,place1 ,rutland1 ,vermont4 99 ,ellis1 ,zenas ,h41 ,fair ,haven1 ,vermont4 ,ellwanger1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,d41 #eaj ,east ,ave41 ,rochester1 ,new ,york4 ,ettari1 ,oscar ,a41 #ga ,north ,ave41 ,new ,rochelle1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ferris1 ,major ,hiram ,b41 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #gd1 ,spokane1 ,wash4 ,fickes1 ,w4 ,r41 ,route #g1 ,wooster1 ,ohio4 ,fontaine1 ,arthur1 #ba ,highland ,ave41 ,ludlow1 ,mass4 ,frey1 ,frank ,h41 ,room #icj ,la ,salle ,st4 ,station1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,gable1 ,jas4 ,b41 ,jr41 ,stewartstown1 ,pennsylvania4 ,gage1 ,j4 ,h41 #ajg ,flatt ,ave41 ,hamilton1 ,ontario1 ,canada4 ,galbreath1 ,r4 ,s41 ,huntington1 ,indiana4 ,garber1 ,hugh ,g41 #ge ,fulton ,st41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gellatly1 ,j4 ,u41 ,box #ai1 ,west ,bank ,p4 ,o41 ,gellatly1 ,british ,columbia4 ,gerber1 ,e4 ,p41 ,route ,no4 #a1 ,apple ,creek1 ,ohio4 ,graham1 ,j4 ,w41 ,walnut ,orchard ,farm1 ,ithaca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,greene1 ,mrs4 ,avice ,m41 #bbjc ,ridge ,rd41 ,n4 ,w41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,greene1 ,karl ,w41 #bbjc ,ridge ,rd41 ,n4 ,w41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,gribbel1 ,mrs4 ,john1 ,box #ca1 ,wyncote1 ,pennsylvania4 ,hahn1 ,albert ,g41 ,rural ,route ,no4 #f1 ,bethesda1 ,md4 ,hale1 ,richard ,w41 #fj ,state ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,hammond1 ,julian ,t41 #crd1 ,d4,d4,s41 ,newtown1 ,pa4 ,harman-,brown1 ,miss ,helen1 ,croton ,falls1 ,new ,york4 ,harrington1 ,f4 ,o41 ,williamsburg1 ,iowa4 ,hartzell1 ,b4 ,f41 ,shepardstown1 ,west ,virginia4 ,healey1 ,scott1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,no4 #bai4 ,otsego1 ,mich4 ,healy1 ,oliver ,t41 c_/o ,michigan ,nut ,nursery1 ,rt4 #b1 ,union ,city1 ,michigan4 ,helmick1 ,james ,h41 ,columbus ,junction1 ,iowa4 ,hershey1 ,john ,w41 ,downington1 ,pennsylvania4 ,hilliard1 ,h4 ,j41 ,sound ,view1 ,connecticut4 ,holden1 ,frank ,h41 #ef ,west #deth ,st41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hostetter1 ,c4 ,f41 ,bird-in-,hand1 ,pennsylvania4 ,hostetter1 ,l4 ,k41 ,route ,no4 #e1 ,lancaster1 ,pennsylvania4 99 ,huntington1 ,a4 ,m41 #c ,east #hith ,st41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hutchinson1 ,galen ,otis1 #fia ,main ,ave41 ,passaic1 ,n4 ,j4 ,iowa ,state ,horticultural ,society1 ,des ,moines1 ,iowa4 ,isakson1 ,walter ,r41 ,route ,no4 #a1 ,hobart1 ,indiana4 ,jacob1 ,c4 ,m41 ,stockbridge1 ,mass4 ,jacobs1 ,homer ,l41 c_/o ,davey ,tree ,exp4 ,co41 ,kent1 ,ohio4 99 ,jaques1 ,lee ,w41 #gd ,waverly ,place1 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,jones ,nurseries1 ,j4 ,f41 ,lancaster1 ,pennsylvania4 ,kaan1 ,helen ,w41 ,wellesley1 ,mass4 ,kaufman1 ,m4 ,m41 ,clarion1 ,pennsylvania4 ,kellogg1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h41 #bjb ,manchester ,st41 ,battle ,creek1 ,mich4 ,kelly1 ,mortimer ,b41 #ba ,west ,st41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,kendrick1 ,mrs4 ,jay ,g41 #dd ,main ,st41 ,shelburne ,falls1 ,mass4 99 ,kinsan ,arboretum1 ,lang ,terrace1 ,north ,szechuan ,rd41 ,shanghai1 ,china4 ,knox1 ,loy ,j41 c_/o ,first ,national ,bank1 ,morrison1 ,ill4 ,lamb1 ,gilbert ,d41 ,woolworth ,bldg41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,lancaster1 ,s4 ,s41 ,jr41 ,rock ,point1 ,maryland4 ,leach1 ,will1 ,cornell ,building1 ,scranton1 ,pa4 ,lester1 ,henry1 #ce ,pintard ,ave41 ,new ,rochelle1 ,n4 ,y4 99 ,lewis1 ,clarence1 #ajjj ,park ,ave41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,little1 ,norman ,b41 ,rocky ,hill1 ,conn4 99 ,littlepage1 ,thos4 ,p41 ,union ,trust ,bldg41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,mac,daniels1 ,l4 ,h41 c_/o ,cornell ,university1 ,ithaca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mc,intyre1 ,a4 ,c41 ,dep't of ,forestry1 ,state ,college1 ,pa4 ,mehring1 ,upton ,f41 ,keymar1 ,maryland4 ,meyer1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,j41 #ahae ,third ,ave41 ,moline1 ,ill4 ,middleton1 ,m4 ,s41 ,district ,horticulturist1 ,vernon1 ,british ,columbia4 ,miller1 ,herbert1 ,pinecrest ,poultry ,farms1 ,richfield1 ,pa4 ,mitchell1 ,lennard ,h41 #bbai ,california ,st41 ,n4 ,w41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 99 ,montgomery1 ,robert ,h41 #che ,madison ,ave41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 99 ,morris1 ,dr4 ,robert ,t41 ,r4 ,f4 ,d41 ,stamford1 ,connecticut4 ,morton1 ,joy1 ,lisle1 ,illinois4 ,neilson1 ,jas4 ,a41 c_/o ,michigan ,state ,college1 ,east ,lansing1 ,michigan4 ,new ,york ,state ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y4 ,orner1 ,george ,d41 #gea ,ridgewood ,road1 ,maplewood1 ,n4 ,j4 ,otto1 ,arnold ,g41 #daej ,three ,mile ,drive1 ,detroit1 ,michigan4 ,paden1 ,riley ,w41 ,rte4 #b1 ,enon ,valley1 ,penna4 ,park1 ,j4 ,b41 c_/o ,ohio ,state ,university1 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,peters1 ,e4 ,s41 #dbda ,folsom ,ave41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,pickhardt1 ,dr4 ,o4 ,c1 #aag ,east #hjth ,st41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,porter1 ,john ,j41 #aaii ,the ,terrace1 ,hagerstown1 ,md4 ,pratt1 ,geo4 ,d41 ,jr1 ,bridgewater1 ,connecticut4 ,purnell1 ,j4 ,eiger1 ,box #bd1 ,salisbury1 ,maryland4 ,putnam1 ,mrs4 ,ellen ,m41 #abi ,babson ,st41 ,mattapan1 ,mass4 ,reed1 ,c4 ,a41 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,richardson1 ,j4 ,b41 ,lakeside1 ,washington4 99 ,rick1 ,john1 #dch ,pennsylvania ,square1 ,reading1 ,pa4 ,riehl1 ,miss ,amelia1 ,godfrey1 ,illinois4 ,rowley1 ,dr4 ,john ,c41 #ajdf ,ashburn ,ave41 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,russell1 ,newton ,h41 #ab ,burnett ,ave41 ,so4 ,hadley ,falls1 ,mass4 ,ryan1 ,henry ,e41 ,sunderland1 ,mass4 ,sawyer1 ,dorothy ,c41 c_/o ,living ,tree ,guild1 #dfh #dth ,ave41 ,new ,york4 ,sefton1 ,pennington1 #id ,lake ,ave41 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,schlagenbusch ,bros41 ,rt4 #c1 ,fort ,madison1 ,iowa4 ,schlemmer1 ,claire ,d41 ,rt4 #b1 ,fredericksburg1 ,virginia4 ,schmidt1 ,a4 ,g41 ,nazareth1 ,pennsylvania4 ,schuster1 ,c4 ,e41 ,horticulturist1 ,corvallis1 ,oregon4 ,scott1 ,harry ,e41 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #aia1 ,petersburg1 ,n4 ,y4 ,sherer1 ,j4 ,f41 c_/o ,c4 ,t4 ,sherer ,co41 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,slate1 ,george ,l41 ,state ,agri4 ,exper4 ,station1 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y4 ,smith1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell1 ,swarthmore1 ,pennsylvania4 ,smith1 ,leon ,c41 #fj ,day ,ave41 ,westfield1 ,mass4 ,snyder1 ,d4 ,c41 ,center ,point1 ,iowa4 ,spence1 ,howard1 ,the ,red ,house1 ,ainsdale1 near ,southport1 ,england4 ,spencer1 ,mrs4 ,may ,r41 #bge ,west ,decatur ,st41 ,decatur1 ,ill4 ,stark ,bros41 ,nurseries1 ,louisiana1 ,missouri4 ,steffee1 ,jno4 ,g41 #cag #fth ,ave41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,stiebeling1 ,mrs4 ,anna ,e41 #adeh ,monroe ,st41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,stocking1 ,frederick ,n41 #cdef ,cadillac ,st41 ,detroit1 ,michigan4 ,stoke1 ,h4 ,f41 #adba ,watts ,ave41 ,roanoke1 ,virginia4 ,stover1 ,jacob ,e41 ,springwood ,farms1 ,york1 ,pa4 ,strickland1 ,c4 ,h41 ,snow ,hill1 ,maryland4 ,taylor1 ,c4 ,w41 #agbc ,eye ,st41 ,eureka1 ,california4 ,theiss1 ,lewis ,edwin1 ,muncy1 ,pennsylvania4 ,thorpe1 ,will ,j41 #aede ,divisarero ,st41 ,san ,francisco1 ,calif4 ,tice1 ,david1 ,savings ,bank ,building1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,turner1 ,lt4 ,g4 ,h41 #icb ,prospect ,ave41 ,portage1 ,wisconsin4 ,university of ,illinois ,library1 ,urbana1 ,illinois4 ,van ,meter1 ,w4 ,l41 ,adel1 ,iowa4 ,von ,ammon ,s41 c_/o ,bureau of ,standards1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,walker1 ,c4 ,f41 #bhea ,e4 ,overlook ,rd41 ,cleveland ,heights1 ,ohio4 ,watson1 ,john ,f41 #af ,dumont ,apart1 ,lynchburg1 ,va4 99 ,weber1 ,harry ,r41 #abc ,east #fth ,st41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,weidhass1 ,william ,h41 ,gaston ,st41 ,easthampton1 ,mass4 ,wellman1 ,sargeant1 ,windridge1 ,topsfield1 ,mass4 ,went1 ,robert ,e41 #eea ,mc,donough ,st41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,weschcke1 ,carl1 #ajdh ,lincoln ,ave41 ,st4 ,paul1 ,minn4 ,wigglesworth1 ,alfred4 ,wilkinson1 ,j4 ,f41 ,rockport1 ,indiana4 ,williams1 ,dr4 ,chas4 ,mallory1 ,stonington1 ,connecticut4 ,williams1 ,moses1 #ah ,tremont ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,windhorst1 ,dr4 ,m4 ,r41 ,university ,club ,bldg41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 99 ,wissman1 ,mrs4 ,f4 de ,r41 #i ,w4 #edth ,st41 ,new ,york ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 99 ,wister1 ,john ,c41 ,clarkson ,ave4 and ,wister ,st41 ,germantown1 ,pa4 ,wright1 ,ross ,pier1 #bce ,west #fth ,st41 ,erie1 ,pa4 ,zimmerman1 ,dr4 ,g4 ,a41 #cb ,so4 #acth ,st41 ,harrisburg1 ,pa4 99 ,life ,member4 ,,constitution ,,article ,i ,name4 ,this ,society shall be known as the ,,northern ,,nut ,,growers ,,association1 ,,incorporated4 ,,article ,,ii ,object4 ,its object shall be the promotion of interest in nut-bearing plants1 their products and their culture4 ,,article ,,iii ,membership4 ,membership in this society shall be open to all persons who desire to further nut culture1 without reference to place of residence or nationality1 subject to the rules and regulations of the committee on membership4 ,,article ,,iv ,officers4 ,there shall be a president1 a vice-president1 a secretary and a treasurer1 who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting2 and an executive committee of six persons1 of which the president1 the two last retiring presidents1 the vice-president1 the secretary and the treasurer shall be members4 ,there shall be a state vice-president from each state1 dependency1 or country represented in the membership of the association1 who shall be appointed by the president4 ,,article ,v ,election of ,officers4 ,a committee of five members shall be elected at the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the following year4 ,,article ,,vi ,meetings4 ,the place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected by the membership in session or1 in the event of no selection being made at this time1 the executive committee shall choose the place and time for the holding of the annual convention4 ,such other meetings as may seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee4 ,,article ,,vii ,quorum4 ,ten members of the association shall constitute a quorum1 but must include two of the four elected officers4 ,,article ,,viii ,amendments4 ,this constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any annual meeting1 notice of such amendment having been read at the previous annual meeting1 or a copy of the proposed amendment having been mailed by any member to each member thirty days before the date of the annual meeting4 ,,by-,,laws ,,article ,i ,committees4 ,the ,association shall appoint standing committees as follows3 ,on membership1 on finance1 on programme1 on press and publication1 on exhibits1 on hybrids1 on survey1 and an auditing committee4 ,the committee on membership may make recommendations to the ,association as to the discipline or expulsion of any member4 ,,article ,,ii ,fees4 ,annual members shall pay two dollars annually4 ,contributing members shall pay ten dollars annually4 ,life members shall make one payment of fifty dollars1 and shall be exempt from further dues and will be entitled to same benefits as annual members4 ,honorary members shall be exempt from dues4 ,perpetual membership is eligible to any one who leaves at least five hundred dollars to the ,association and such membership on payment of said sum to the ,association will entitle the name of the deceased to be forever enrolled in the list of members as ,perpetual with the words ,in ,memoriam added thereto4 ,funds received therefor shall be invested by the ,treasurer in interest bearing securities legal for trust funds in the ,district of ,columbia4 ,only the interest shall be expended by the ,association4 ,when such funds are in the treasury the ,treasurer shall be bonded4 ,provided2 that in the event the ,association becomes defunct or dissolves then1 in that event1 the ,treasurer shall turn over any funds held in his hands for this purpose for such uses1 individuals or companies that the donor may designate at the time he makes the bequest or the donation4 ,,article ,,iii ,membership4 ,all annual memberships shall begin either with the first day of the calendar quarter following the date of joining the ,association1 or with the first day of the calendar quarter preceding that date as may be arranged between the new member and the ,treasurer4 ,,article ,,iv ,amendments4 ,by-laws may be amended by a two-third vote of members present at any annual meeting4 ,,article ,v ,members shall be sent a notification of annual dues at the time they are due1 and if not paid within two months1 they shall be sent a second notice1 telling them that they are not in good standing on account of non-payment of dues1 and are not entitled to receive the annual report4 ,at the end of thirty days from the sending of the second notice1 a third notice shall be sent notifying such members that unless dues are paid within ten days from the receipt of this notice1 their names will be dropped from the rolls for non-payment of dues4 ,,my ,,butternut ,the butternut crop is always sure ,and raised at easy cost1 ,there is nothing it will not endure1 ,it is never harmed by frost4 ,the hopper and the cabbage worm ,care not to chew its leaves1 ,comes weather hot or wet or cold1 ,this sturdy tree ne'er grieves4 ,it has no fear of 'tater bugs1 ,or cultivation's errors1 ,the measly scale from ,san ,jose1 ,and ,green bug bring no terrors4 ,no squash bug races o'er its frame1 ,nor caterpillar weaving1 ,it is never doped with ,paris ,green1 ,yet never found a grieving4 ,it has no use for bumblebees1 ,no nodules on its feet1 ,but when the frost is on the pumpkin ,oft has the hay crop beat4 ,if you wish a crop that always comes ,without an if or but1 ,the surest thing in all the list1 ,just plant a butternut4 ,,james ,h4 ,,helmick ,columbus ,junction1 ,iowa ,illustration3 ,grand-pa come out to the butter nut tree1 ,and crack some nuts for ,nicodemus and me4 ,report of the ,proceedings at the ,twenty-fourth ,annual ,convention of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association ,incorporated ,,september #aa1 #ab1 #aicc ,,downingtown1 ,,pennsylvania ,the first session convened at #i3jj ,a4 ,m41 ,september #aath at ,minquas ,fire ,hall1 with ,president ,walker in the chair4 ,the ,president3 ,this is the opening of the #bdth annual convention and ,i will introduce at once for his address of welcome1 ,rev4 ,g4 ,paul ,musselman4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,paul ,musselman3 ,thank you1 ,mr4 ,walker4 ,it is my most pleasant duty to welcome you to ,downingtown4 ,downingtown is quite an appropriate place for a convention because it is a place where we try to prepare beforehand for things we believe are going to happen1 and try to get ready to prevent other things from happening4 ,less than a mile from here to the north are stretches through the woods of infantry breastworks4 ,occupying that woods and those breastworks was the regiment under the command of ,col4 ,stewart4 ,the ,british were down by the ,brandywine to the south1 and it was supposed the ,british would do the logical thing1 which they never do1 and come up to take ,downingtown1 which was at that time the most important industrial area in the ,united ,states4 ,it was the arsenal of the ,revolutionary ,war4 ,it has continued to grow in its industrial manufacturing until it is now important in paper manufacturing4 ,that we are still trying to prevent nasty things from happening is strikingly evident in the fact that we have not had to call for help to take care of the people suffering from the depression4 ,the ,community ,chest had1 in the beginning1 adopted a policy of preparing for an emergency by creating a fund for this purpose and has been able to do its work without any other than the usual annual drive for funds4 ,the first paper mill in ,america was established by ,mr4 ,rittenhouse and after that paper mills began to be built in this valley4 ,we have gone through a great cycle4 ,the farms in this community used to be farmed for money1 later interest was shown in the mills and the farmer farmed without money4 ,again they are being farmed with money by the industrialists and bankers and city men who are coming out and buying up these old farms for country places4 ,i am happy to state that the farms are coming into their own again4 ,it is this class of people that are interested in such things as nut trees as something new and different4 ,it is ,downingtown's faculty of being prepared for what is to come that makes it a particularly appropriate place for your convention4 ,it is always a little ahead of the parade4 ,we are proud of our local nut nursery which1 in line with the spirit of the town1 is just a little ahead of the parade4 ,you too are a little ahead of the parade1 so in that spirit ,i welcome you4 ,the ,burgess has directed me to welcome you to ,downingtown4 ,i trust your stay will be interesting and helpful and we shall count it a privilege for you to call upon us for any further services you may require4 ,i hope ,i shall be able to go on the bus trip with you but ,i am very busy and cannot make any promises for the moment4 ,so1 welcome6 ,dr4 ,zimmerman3 ,fellow members of the convention6 ,i am sure that it has been a pleasure to receive the fine welcome that ,rev4 ,musselman has given us and ,i wish to assure him that it is a pleasure to be here4 ,we are particularly glad to be in this district which is a land of plenty compared with other parts of the country which have suffered greatly from the depression4 ,i am sorry that ,i do not live here4 ,we nut growers have been in the habit of thinking of growing nut trees on land which is good for nothing else1 so that it is interesting to find nurseries using this good land and making a success of nut tree growing4 ,in fact nut culture had its beginning in this district through ,mr4 ,rush1 and ,mr4 ,jones and then ,mr4 ,hershey4 ,i do not wish to take any more of your time as we have a heavy program and a lot of good speakers1 and if they can add anything to nut culture1 ,i shall be happy indeed4 ,dr4 ,zimmerman3 ,we welcome members of the ,penna4 ,nut ,growers ,association4 ,it is their field day tomorrow in connection with ours and we welcome them to this convention4 ,the ,president appointed the resolutions and the nominating committees4 ,,treasurer',s ,,report ,balance ,september #a1 #aicb as reported to ,washington ,convention #h4gi ,stamps and ,canadian money redeemed by ,treasurer #c4db ,balance in ,litchfield ,savings ,society #ae4id ,receipts #bh4ae #bh4ae ,profit on ,bus ,trip at ,washington #ae4jj ,memberships #c4ej old rate4 ,no ,nut ,news #ba #c4ej #gc4ej ,memberships #d4jj new rate4 ,no ,nut ,news #c #d4jj #ab4jj ,memberships #d4ej--c4ej to ,assn4 #a4jj to ,nut ,news #b #d4ej #i4jj ,memberships #e4jj--d4jj to ,assn4 #a4jj to ,nut ,news #dc #e4jj #bae4jj ,memberships #e4jj without ,nut ,news #c #e4jj #ae4jj ,membership #aj4jj--,mr4 ,ellis #aj4jj ,membership #aj4jj with ,nut ,news--,mr4 ,neilson #aj4jj ,miscellaneous ,receipts #i4jj ,total ,receipts #cif4fe #cif4fe ,,disbursements ,refund to ,d4 ,c4 ,snyder #b4jj ,programs ,washington ,convention #be4jj ,paid ,national ,nut ,news #ch4jj ,membership ,american ,horticultural ,society #c4jj ,c4 ,a4 ,reed4 ,expense ,washington ,convention #f4gj ,total #gd4gj #gd4gj ,balance to account for #cba4ie ,litchfield ,savings ,society #ae4id ,cash on hand or in bank #cjf4ja ,total #cba4ie #cba4ie ,j4 ,f4 ,jones' ,experimental ,work in ,hybridizing ,filberts and ,hazels ,by ,,mildred ,,jones ,lancaster1 ,pennsylvania ,the first crosses of the hybrid filberts were made in the year #aiai4 ,the small plants when taken from the nursery row were set #e x #h feet with the thought in mind of taking out every other bush in the rows when they began to crowd1 and in case they were of value they could be transplanted to a permanent place4 ,it was not thought that many of the plants would bear superior nuts promising enough to keep longer than to observe the type of nuts the bushes bore4 ,the first lot of plants1 which were mostly of the ,barcelona cross1 bore in the fall of #aibd4 ,the object in view mainly was to produce1 if possible1 a variety or varieties that could be made a commercial proposition here or elsewhere in the eastern ,u4 ,s4 ,not very much was thought at the time about the flavor or the quality of the kernel4 ,the main thought was to get away from the corky substance adhering to the kernel of the most of the filberts4 ,barcelona1 the main commercial nut in the ,west1 has a lot of this1 which makes the kernel unattractive and is probably more or less injurious to the digestive system because of the tannin content4 ,after this fault was eliminated it was going to be necessary to work for size and quality of the nut4 ,the filbert blight has not been found on our place1 so not much stress was put on the point of producing a blight-resistant or blight-free filbert4 ,probably if we had the filbert blight we would consider it more seriously4 ,the method used in crossing these hybrids was to remove the catkins on the pistillate plant at any time before they developed and scattered their pollen4 ,the wood containing the catkins to be used for pollinating was observed closely in order to bring it in at the same time with the ,rush pistillates by cutting and holding back in a cold cellar after the catkins were swelling well4 ,this was the ,barcelona which blooms very early4 ,the ,italian ,red1 ,cosford and ,giant ,de ,halles bloom later than the ,rush so this was another problem4 ,these were forced by cutting and putting in a sunny window4 ,in cutting wood for pollinating1 the cuttings should be large4 ,the stored up starch in the wood then gives the catkins more to draw on4 ,apparently the filbert catkins and pistillates develop entirely from the stored up starch in the wood and do not draw on the roots at all4 ,this being so it was figured they would develop just as well off the bush4 ,the last pollinating on the ,rush was done in the spring of #aiba4 ,the catkins appeared to be all right and the limbs were cut and stored in the cellar4 ,these were taken from the ,du,chilly4 ,finding they did not respond promptly to warmth it was seen that the catkins were drying up and getting stiff4 ,as ,father was very anxious to use this variety he tried soaking the limbs in water and then exposed them to the sun4 ,some of the catkins only swelled and then appeared to stop4 ,the soaking was then repeated making it several hours and again they were exposed to the sun and warmth4 ,most of them developed nicely after this treatment4 ,as those on the bush dried up and turned black it was thought probably the pollen used after treated as just mentioned was not good1 but the pistillates developed promptly after being pollinated and the bush produced a large crop of nuts4 ,i suppose these had been injured in the winter1 but it would seem surprising that they could be made to develop artificially and the pollen be good4 ,it was found that ,rush crossed ,cosford made the largest nuts but the kernels of these nuts were not of the best quality4 ,on our eastern market ,i think it will be found that the longer type nuts will bring the premium in price4 ,i find in selling the nuts that people mostly desire the longer nuts1 but will take the other nuts if they cannot get the longer ones4 ,this past spring we tried to graft several of the most promising hybrids in the older block of trees4 ,we used the modified cleft graft method and we set the grafts on layered plants of the ,barcelona filbert which were lined out in ,april4 ,we grafted them in ,may after the layers had started to grow4 ,out of #bjj plants grafted we have growing #af nice plants from #ah to #bd inches tall1 an #h stand4 ,the roots of the ,barcelona layers died also on the grafts that failed to live4 ,i believe the main trouble in this experiment was that there was not enough root system to carry the graft rather than the fault of the grafting1 as most of the grafts started to grow4 ,we should have tried grafting on layers established one year and we will try this next spring4 ,we have several very promising filberts in the older block of bearing plants4 ,the ,buchanan1 ,no4 #ib1 was named for ,president ,buchanan1 the only ,president of the ,u4 ,s4 from ,pennsylvania1 whose home is in ,lancaster4 ,no4 #bjj is also an excellent plant and was classed by my ,father as one of the best in the collection4 ,this plant has not been given a name as yet4 ,i would like to have a name suggested that would be suitable4 ,these two plants just mentioned bear nuts very much the shape of ,italian ,red4 ,the kernels come out with little or no corky substance on the kernel4 ,the flavor is very good and the plants have borne very well4 ,we have a plant called ,b4 ,letters were given to the plants where mice got in the seed beds and mixed the nuts4 ,the nut of this plant is more the shape of ,barcelona and is very good4 ,it also bears well4 ,in the younger block of plants we have quite a few promising plants but these must be tested further before we can say anything definite for or against them4 ,i notice considerable leaf burn in the block of hybrids since the severe storm we had two weeks ago4 ,quite a few of the nuts were knocked off too but there is still a good crop which you will see tomorrow4 ,since my ,father died we have not done any hybridizing4 ,we hope to do so in the future as the work is very interesting4 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,year before last ,i bought #b lbs4 of supposedly stratified nuts4 ,i planted them but only one or two came up4 ,this year they have made a pretty fair start so ,i know it takes two years to germinate4 ,it seems as though it sometimes takes three years because these were stratified for a year and it took them two years to come up after ,i had them planted4 ,i think you could probably get some stratified nuts from ,carlton ,nursery ,co41 ,carlton1 ,oregon4 ,i sent to ,carlton for mine but they were shipped by someone else4 ,it is my belief that the ,carlton ,nursery ,co4 controls the supply1 so you will have to write to them for them4 ,i have three or four dozen trees out of the first planting4 ,they were planted in a very crowded position among walnut trees but are doing surprisingly well4 ,the trees are now three years old and are shoulder high4 ,prof4 ,slate3 ,i planted some ,turkish hazel nuts4 ,they have been planted two years and have not yet come up1 but ,i believe they will next year1 as they take two years to germinate4 ,the following is a list of houses where seed of different species can be obtained4 ,submitted by the courtesy of ,miss ,jones3 ,sources of ,,corylus ,,chinensis ,hillier ,bros41 ,winchester1 ,england4 ,vilmorin ,co41 ,paris1 ,france4 ,,corylus ,,colurna ,carlton ,nursery ,co41 ,carlton1 ,ore4 ,c4 ,,tibitica ,forest ,experiment ,station1 ,dehra ,dun1 ,british ,india4 ,notes on the ,commercial ,cracking of ,black ,walnuts ,by ,h4 ,f4 ,,stoke1 ,roanoke1 ,virginia ,a year ago ,i reported to this body an experiment in the commercial production of black walnut kernels by factory methods1 including the use of a power-driven cracking device4 ,during the past year the experiment was continued1 with the variation that the shelling was done as a home industry rather than as a factory operation4 ,ten families were furnished with hand-power cracking devices and the whole nuts were delivered to their homes4 ,the workers received #aj;c per pound for cracking and picking out the kernels and in addition retained the shells for fuel4 ,forty-five thousand pounds of nuts were used in the experiment for which a uniform price of #a per hundred weight was paid4 ,the more efficient and conscientious workers produced as high as #ae of kernels per unit of whole nuts1 which was slightly better than the production by factory methods4 ,the general average1 however1 was around #ab-a_/b1 or about the same for both methods4 ,as to quality of product there was no appreciable difference4 ,it is necessary to exercise greater care in the selection of workers where the work is done in homes without supervision than in the factory4 ,by actual experience it was found that some workers would produce less than half the percentage made by the more efficient workers4 ,such workers were dropped4 ,where relatively small quantities of nuts are to be shelled there is little to be chosen between the home-industry method and such factory method as was used by me4 ,the cost of delivering the nuts to the homes may be roughly set over against the cost of operating a factory4 ,based on the hours of work required to produce a given quantity of kernels1 the factory method is more efficient4 ,on the other hand1 the home worker will work for a smaller wage per hour4 ,where large quantities of nuts are available1 commercial cracking by machine methods will be increasingly used in the future1 especially if economic conditions so far improve that people will no longer work for starvation wages4 ,point is given to this observation by the fact that local buyers paid from #h to #ae;c for country-produced kernels last season1 while my bare cost1 without overhead or profit1 was #bj;c per pound4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the most notable advance that has come to my attention during the past year in the way of commercial production of black walnut kernels is that contributed by ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,werner1 ,president of the ,forest ,park ,nut ,company1 of ,ottawa1 ,kansas4 ,mr4 ,werner1 who is #hd years of age and a veteran inventor with several notable inventions to his credit1 has designed and built a machine that seems to mark a new era in black walnut kernel production4 ,this machine1 which is mounted on a truck1 is not only used for the local operations of the company1 but is moved from place to place in the performance of custom work1 after the manner of a grain threshing outfit4 ,mention is made in company correspondence of cracking twenty thousand bushels of nuts for one customer in southwest ,missouri4 ,the following details were supplied by the manager of the company4 ,the machine has a capacity of from #ge to #ajj pounds of kernels per hour4 ,as they come from the machine they carry not more than #aj shells1 and run from #bh to #cj full quarters4 ,after being hand cleaned the net recovery of kernels represents from #aj to #aa-a_/b of the weight of the whole nuts4 ,custom work is charged for at the rate of from #c to #e;c per pound for the kernels produced4 ,the cost of the final hand cleaning and packaging is given as #b;c per pound1 which makes a total production cost of from #e to #g;c per pound4 ,the operation of the machine may be briefly described as follows3 ,the nuts are run through a revolving screen which separates and cleans them from all adhering husk and grades them into three sizes4 ,they then pass through the cracker and thence1 by conveyor belt1 to the picker4 ,this ingenious device holds the broken nuts with soft rubber rolls while a set of fingers literally pick the kernels from the shells4 ,careful sifting is the last step as the kernels leave the machine1 after which they are hand-picked to remove any remaining pieces of shell4 ,the owners advise that the machine has been built primarily for their own use1 and has not yet been offered for sale4 ,they would1 however1 consider building the machines for sale4 ,while the subject assigned me did not include the marketing of kernels1 ,i cannot refrain from stating that no commodity is in greater need of orderly1 organized marketing4 ,in the meantime ,i would urge the small producer to cultivate his own local market as far as possible and refuse to produce at unprofitable prices4 ,cracked black walnuts make an excellent supplementary feed for growing chicks and laying hens4 ,i advertised in the ,rural ,new ,yorker1 ,the ,american ,magazine and ,better ,homes and ,gardens4 ,mr4 ,hershey advised me ,i would go broke advertising but ,i wanted to see what would happen4 ,the ,rural ,new ,yorker gave the best results4 ,i got #a4be for a #b-lb4 package4 ,the kernels were in clean1 first-class condition4 ,i noticed some were advertised as low as #ie;c for two pounds4 ,some people in answering my advertisement said they had bought others that were not in first-class condition4 ,i had no complaints about mine4 ,in ,better ,homes and ,gardens ,i did not get enough orders to pay for my advertising4 ,i would not advise anyone to advertise there or in the ,american ,magazine1 as ,i got very poor results4 ,i even got a bad check4 ,the ,rural ,new ,yorker was very satisfactory4 ,the prices ,i paid locally were from 4#je to 4#jh and sometimes 4#aj to 4#ae to old customers4 ,twelve and a half cents was the average price4 ,i think maybe ,i should have advertised in a confectioners' journal in order to reach a large consumer source1 but ,i felt at the time that ,i was using the only way ,i had of reaching a market4 ,this carton 7showing a mailing container7 is a #b-pound carton which ,i used in shipping in response to mail orders4 ,it makes a very nice package that is received in good condition4 ,i might add that the contents are #ej cubic inches4 ,question3 ,do you use a paper bag inside8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,i line it with wax paper4 ,i made a form and fold the wax paper around it to get the size4 ,this makes a neat lining and then ,i just pour in the nuts and fold the top down4 ,mr4 ,graham3 ,do you notice much difference in the kernels8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,not in black walnuts4 ,i found a few nuts which ,i could not use4 ,the best nuts ,i found this year were in and about our locality4 ,mr4 ,smith3 ,did you try offering prizes8 ,mr4 ,hershey and ,i once got almost tipsy testing a lot of walnuts in a prize contest4 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,no4 ,the best nuts ,i got would score not higher than the ,thomas4 ,they were brought in by different people and mixed together so that ,i was unable to tell their source4 ,the ,president3 ,do you do your separating of kernel and shell by hand8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,yes4 ,i use sieves1 too4 ,i use first a #c_/h x #c_/d inch mesh4 ,it will take out most of the shell4 ,then for a minimum size1 the best is #h mesh to an inch1 as used by the ,forest ,park ,nut ,co41 ,ottawa1 ,kans4 ,this is smaller mesh and eliminates the smaller bits of shell4 ,mr4 ,hershey3 ,did you have any correspondence with those people8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,i was interested in their machine for cracking nuts and ,i wrote the company a letter4 ,two or three months later ,i received a letter from ,mr4 ,werner1 a son of ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,werner1 and who signed himself as ,len ,werner of the ,werner ,steel ,products ,co41 and ,i received details and facts about the machine4 ,he asked me if ,i would be interested in buying a machine or renting on a basis of kernel production4 ,the younger ,mr4 ,werner said they built the machine for themselves but could supply orders if they came in4 ,miss ,sawyer3 ,did you get any information on the price8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,no1 none whatever4 ,it seems to be taken from place to place mounted on a truck and cracks the nuts right on the job4 ,mr4 ,reed3 ,do you have any difficulty in cracking nuts when they are dry8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,the nut cracks best when not too wet or too dry but just right4 ,if too dry1 they are too brittle and you break up the kernels too much1 also get too many spalls of shells4 ,if wet you have other troubles4 ,in the ,south and ,southwest the summers get hot and so some nuts get rancid4 ,the sweet type that have less oil seem to stand up better4 ,question3 ,do you ever steam nuts before cracking8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,no1 ,i haven't4 ,to keep them in a damp atmosphere is also not good4 ,nuts should be kept dry while in storage4 ,kernels should also be kept in a dry place4 ,i put them in trays of wire mesh and if the nuts are too green or ,i am in a hurry for them1 ,i turn on the electric fan4 ,last ,fall ,i put some in cold storage in ,december4 ,i also put some in cold storage in ,may and ,i found that ,i would not have needed to put any in cold storage until ,may as they have kept just as nicely as those stored earlier4 ,but ,i find it is essential to have the kernels thoroughly dried before they are put away4 ,if thoroughly dried they will not mold1 but if kept in too warm a place they will turn rancid4 ,to keep them in a damp atmosphere is also not good4 ,if they are treated right they will keep indefinitely4 ,dr4 ,zimmerman3 ,mr4 ,stoke1 how many nuts did you crack8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,about #dj1jjj or #ej1jjj lbs4 ,mr4 ,reed3 ,what did you do with screenings8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,i fed them to the chickens4 ,some said that they would keep the chickens from laying but ,i found that by mixing about #be with ordinary mash it worked fine4 ,mr4 ,hershey3 ,did you find that it made the egg shells hard8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,no1 the chickens had too much sense4 ,question3 ,what percent do you lose in sieving8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,when ,i did my fine sieving1 ,i used a #d-;inch screen4 ,the shells were taken out entirely4 ,i lost1 maybe1 #d4 ,prof4 ,reed3 ,do you people in ,virginia have local names for different types of walnuts8 ,what is the swamp black walnut8 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,my own opinion is that there is only one black walnut in the ,east4 ,we have a butternut that some people call the ,english walnut and some the white walnut4 ,the ,japanese walnut is sometimes called an ,english walnut4 ,we also have the ,english or ,persian walnut4 ,prof4 ,reed3 ,i believe the botanists recognize only the one black walnut4 ,prof4 ,slate3 ,i do not think there is more than one kind4 ,mr4 ,stoke3 ,it is interesting to know that while the black walnut has been higher in price than the ,english walnut1 so that manufacturers have been substituting the ,english walnut for the black walnut1 this year the black walnut has dropped as much as #aj;c per pound under the ,english and is now about #e;c1 ,i believe4 ,consequently the black walnut has come into its own and is now being substituted for the ,english walnut4 ,mr4 ,frey3 ,i would like to mention alternate years in bearing4 ,if apple trees can be made to give a fair crop each year by good care1 feeding and spraying1 it is my thought that walnut trees will do the same thing under the same conditions4 ,but we must remember that forming the hard shell is a most difficult thing for a tree to do4 ,prof4 ,neilson3 ,i should like to draw your attention to a drawing sent me by ,j4 ,u4 ,gellatly4 7,the paper was held up for all to see47 ,just look at the size of the leaves4 ,that is a tracing of the leaf of a hybrid ,english walnut and heartnut4 ,he sent it along as evidence of its vigor of growth4 ,this large compound hybrid leaf measured #bg inches from tip of the leaf to the bottom of the last leaflet1 exclusive of the stem which was #e inches long4 ,many of the larger leaflets measured #e #i inches1 shape1 oblong ovate1 edges of leaf1 serrate1 total width of compound leaf1 #ag inches4 ,dr4 ,smith3 ,i should like to suggest to ,mr4 ,frey that the theory he suggested might be supported if the tree were placed in a particularly favorable location4 ,mr4 ,hershey3 ,i should like to remind the audience of ,judge ,potter who told me some years ago that on his farm in ,southern ,illinois he got three doubles of his meadow grove of about #ej hickory trees1 by using plenty of good horse manure1 phosphoric acid1 and potash4 ,the increases were that he doubled the amount of growth and the size of the nut and changed the trees from alternate bearing to yearly bearing4 ,black ,walnut ,notes for #aicc ,by ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed1 ,associate ,pomologist ,fruit and ,vegetable ,crops and ,diseases ,u4 ,s4 ,department of ,agriculture ,a number of developments in connection with the black walnut industry of the ,east have taken place during the last #ab months which appear to be of such importance as to justify special record at this time4 ,some of these have to do with the production and marketing of and prices received for1 the wild product1 others with certain features in connection with orchard and nursery management1 and still others with walnut relationships both inside and outside of the genus4 ,the ,black ,walnut ,kernel ,industry ,production of black walnut kernels in this country is fully #ii per cent from seedling trees of the fields1 forests1 roadsides and dooryards4 ,that from orchard and top-worked trees1 while now considerably on the increase1 due to recent activity in planting and top-working1 will hardly become of relative importance for some years to come4 ,the wild crop is actually on the increase each year1 due partly to greater care now taken of old bearing trees and partly to the large number of young trees coming into bearing each year but more largely to the greater extent to which nuts are now being gathered and not allowed to decay on the ground4 ,this increase in production is working both for and against the permanent welfare of the industry1 and by this use of the term industry1 it is meant to include the cultivated as well as the uncultivated phases4 ,consumption has increased tremendously4 ,no figures are available as to either total production or percentage of total crop which is still allowed each year to remain on the ground until it becomes decomposed4 ,however1 it is the opinion of ,baltimore merchants who have long handled this product that in certain large districts the wild nuts are now gathered closely and that very few are allowed to decay on the ground4 ,there is no available information upon which to base a curve as to the probable increase in production which may be expected from young trees just beginning to bear or the thousands still too young to bear or yet the other thousands to be planted by squirrels each year4 ,whether or not the increase in consumption and its coincident change in eating habits of the ,american people will prove permanent after the return of normal times1 remains to be seen1 but it may be accepted as fact that the future of this country is likely to see greater competition in the home markets among foods than has been the case in the past and that1 eventually1 only those having the greatest values in nutrition and palatability will survive4 ,salesmanship may defeat this for a while but ultimately1 palatability assumed1 cash values and human tastes will most certainly arrive at pretty much the same point4 ,the ultimate future of the walnut would therefore appear to depend largely upon its ability to become one of the fittest survivers4 ,one of the most important developments during the past year is of very recent occurrence4 ,it is the fact that the #aicc season is opening with the highest prices received during the last two years4 ,this may in part be due to reports that the outlook in the ,tennessee--,kentucky--,virginia and ,north ,carolina district is for a light crop4 ,according to ,baltimore merchants who have recently been consulted1 consumption last year was the greatest in history and1 while prices reached the lowest level since the depression began1 relatively speaking1 the total drop has probably not been as great as for other food products during the same period4 ,these merchants look forward with confidence to a continuance of increased consumption4 ,this forecast is encouraging1 but it is based on the assumption that there will be continued improvement in the manner of handling and packing the kernels for delivery4 ,at present1 considerable overhead is usually charged back to the farmers because of labor involved in cleaning1 grading1 and sometimes curing1 after the kernels reach the city merchants4 ,this handling is necessary with much of the output in order that it may be made acceptable to the manufacturers4 ,one of the most desirable characteristics in connection with the sale of black walnut kernels is brightness of color4 ,this is a matter largely due to the manner of handling during the process of harvesting1 curing1 and cracking4 ,once the kernels become dark1 they cannot be brightened except by bleaching and removing the pellicles4 ,however1 the importance of prompt gathering as soon as the nuts fall from the trees1 removing the hulls1 and curing the nuts cannot be overestimated4 ,these are matters easily within the ability of the producers to adjust4 ,the ,orchard ,industry ,on the orchard side of the industry1 several developments may be listed1 although the majority are merely old developments newly emphasized4 ,black walnut trees1 seedlings and grafted trees alike tend to bear full crops not oftener than during alternate years1 and with conditions at all unfavorable1 full crops may be delayed for several years4 ,grafted trees of many varieties begin to bear their first fruits quite as promptly as with apples4 ,not infrequently walnuts appear by the end of the second year after grafting4 ,this is especially true with top-worked trees4 ,recent ,adverse ,weather ,conditions ,the spring and summer season of #aicc made an adverse combination in some localities4 ,in the ,ohio and ,mississippi ,river ,sections1 the result was disastrous to a large part of the crop4 ,in those sections1 ,may was an exceedingly rainy month4 ,june was equally hot and dry4 ,it is in ,may that the blossoming periods of most varieties of walnut occur1 also it is then that most of the nursery grafting is performed4 ,insofar as pollination was concerned1 there were probably enough hours of sunshine during the blossoming period for the distribution of pollen to have been adequate and effective4 ,on some of the trees the rains came at just the right time to wash practically all of the pollen to the ground4 ,had it not been for later pollinating trees either of the same variety1 or of other varieties1 or even of seedlings in the neighborhood1 it is probable that no nuts would have set4 ,however the actual set was about normal1 but the heat and drouth which followed resulted in a drop which took the greater part of the crop4 ,a pecan grower in southwestern ,indiana1 with between #cjj and #djj grafted trees now of bearing age1 recently reported that in ,august he was unable to find a single nut in his entire orchard4 ,the result has not been quite as serious with the walnuts4 ,nevertheless1 the crop prospects are reported to be not at all bright4 ,nursery grafting in southern ,indiana had literally to be performed between showers4 ,sap flow was excessive and the resulting stand below normal4 ,the heat and drouth which followed killed outright many of the scions which had begun to grow4 ,thus1 in that section the orchardists lost most of their crops and the nurserymen most of their grafts4 ,walnut ,relationships ,in regard to walnut relationships within the genus1 continued studies have led to certain conclusions which would appear to bear mentioning4 ,one of these is to the effect that not all so-called butterjaps appear to owe their origin to staminate parentage of butternut but that they may be due to chance crosses of either ,japanese walnut with ,persian or possibly black walnut1 or quite as often to reversion to the true ,manchurian walnut1 ,juglans mandschurica4 ,hybrids and ,intermediate ,forms ,it is generally known that natural hybridity occurs so frequently between almost any two species of ,juglans when growing together and blossoming simultaneously that it is unwise to plant the seed of either if pure types are desired4 ,intermediate forms1 evidently between ,persian 7,english7 and black are fairly common throughout the ,east4 ,the ,james ,river and ,o',connor hybrids are well known typical examples4 ,such hybrids are most apt to occur in vicinities of ,persian walnut trees4 ,crosses in which the ,persian walnut is the staminate or pollen producing parent may sometimes occur but if so1 they have never come to the attention of the writer4 ,crosses between these two species commonly have the ,persian walnut as the pistillate or nut producing parent4 ,the most commonly seen forms which appear to be due to hybridity are in the case of certain ,japanese walnut seedlings in the ,east4 ,the offspring of these trees frequently takes on much of the character of the ,american butternut4 ,nuts of this type have been recognized by this ,association and other authorities as butterjaps4 ,in his ,manual of ,american ,trees1 ,dr4 ,albert ,h4 ,rehder of the ,arnold ,arboretum1 ,jamaica ,plains1 ,mass41 recognizes crosses between the ,japanese walnut and ,american butternut under the technical name of ,juglans bixbyi after the late ,willard ,g4 ,bixby of the ,association by whom the matter was called to his attention4 ,however1 it is not certain that nuts definitely known to represent a cross between these two species have yet been brought to notice4 ,butterjaps ,it has been commonly assumed that nuts of the butternut type1 from trees grown from ,japanese walnut seed are due to butternut hybridity1 but the theory is clearly open to reasonable doubt4 ,nuts of this identical type are common in the orient where the butternut does not occur and also they sometimes occur in this country on trees grown from imported ,japanese walnut seed4 ,the late ,luther ,burbank wrote the ,department of ,agriculture in #ahii that in ,california where he had grown many thousands of seedlings from both imported and ,california grown seed1 he was unable to detect the slightest differences in foliage1 yet the trees were apt to produce nuts of any one of three types then known as ,juglans sieboldiana1 ,j4 cordiformis or ,j4 mandschurica4 ,he wrote that ,they all run together and are evidently all from the butternut family4 ,an authentic case of butterjaps from imported seed was made public during the first annual meeting of the ,pennsylvania ,nut ,growers' ,association which was held in ,harrisburg on ,january #aa of this year4 ,butterjaps were on display during that meeting which had been grown by ,mr4 ,ross ,pier ,wright of ,erie1 ,pa41 from seed which he had imported directly from ,japan4 ,his trees are growing in the outskirts of ,westfield1 ,chautauqua ,county1 ,n4 ,y41 and within a mile of ,lake ,erie4 ,in ,july of this year1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,scott of ,galena1 ,md41 called the attention of the writer to a number of fine trees in his small town1 all of which had been grown by him from ,j4 sieboldiana seed obtained from a tree nearby and every one of which was bearing butternuts1 as he and his neighbors call them4 ,the ,american butternut does not occur in that part of ,maryland which is on the upper end of the ,chesapeake ,peninsula1 probably #aj miles from ,chesapeake ,bay4 ,both black and ,persian walnut trees are very common in that region4 ,the tree which bore the original seed is a typical ,japanese walnut4 ,it stands at the end of a row of ,persian walnut trees along the driveway of a private country lane4 ,there are several black walnut trees1 perhaps #ejj yards to the southwest1 but no butternuts for many miles4 ,as the ,persian and ,japanese walnuts blossom at about the same time and the black walnut considerably later1 it would seem altogether probable that if any cross had taken place it would have been ,japanese x ,persian1 rather than ,japanese x black4 ,the chances of a ,japanese x butternut cross would have been so remote as to be altogether improbable4 ,many years ago1 ,judge ,f4 ,p4 ,andrus of ,almont1 ,mich41 planted one tree each of ,persian and ,japanese walnuts in his dooryard4 ,both soon came into bearing4 ,squirrels planted nuts in the ground and presently the yard was filled with offspring1 the majority of which were of the type now called butterjaps4 ,the trees were extremely vigorous but the nuts were of so little value that all were finally cut down4 ,butternut trees are common in ,michigan and butternut pollen may have been responsible for these crosses but circumstantially the evidence pointed much more strongly to ,japanese ,persian crosses than to ,japanese butternut crosses4 ,other cases of these sorts might be cited1 but the evidence which the writer has been able to bring together up to the present month1 ,september1 #aicc1 strongly indicates that butterjaps may be due to either an actual cross with a ,persian or black walnut and possibly with butternut or to reversion to a parent oriental type4 ,so far1 it has been out of the question to hazard a reasonably safe assumption as to the staminate parent of all particular crosses by merely studying the botanical characteristics of the butterjap offspring4 ,several years ago ,mr4 ,bixby planted a number of butterjap seed nuts1 hoping that under the ,mendelian law1 the characteristics of the two parents would segregate themselves4 ,the trunk and bark of some of the trees resembled black walnut quite distinctly1 while none resembled the butternut4 ,so far as is known to the writer1 none of the trees have yet fruited4 ,one of the several butterjap trees in ,galena1 ,md41 previously referred to1 produced nuts rather more like black walnuts than butternuts4 ,these two instances therefore1 would suggest ,japanese black walnut parentage4 ,black ,walnut ,root ,toxicity ,on several occasions discussions of root toxicity between the black walnut and certain of its neighbors have taken place at ,association meetings4 ,the theory that black walnut trees give off toxic properties from their roots1 which are fatal to other plants1 is therefore not new4 ,some years ago the ,virginia ,experiment ,station definitely isolated a toxic substance which was held responsible for the death of tomatoes1 potatoes1 alfalfa1 blackberry plants and apple trees when these other plants were grown in close enough proximity for their roots to come in contact with those of the black walnut4 ,this work was reported in various publications and was written up by several different authors4 ,since then1 as well as before1 the writer has looked for similar evidence1 but1 so far1 in vain4 ,each of these crops1 including tomatoes1 potatoes1 alfalfa1 blackberries and apples1 have been seen growing in as close contact with black walnut as they could possibly be placed4 ,oftentimes they have been found much nearer to black walnut trees than would have been wise to place them to oak1 hickory1 ash or other species of large growing trees4 ,this does not mean that when the roots are in actual contact the toxic agent of the black walnut roots would not prove fatal to the other plants but it does indicate that in the great majority of cases there is no practical danger4 ,anyone who has doubt about the healthy condition of these other species when grown close together with black walnut trees1 may obtain evidence for himself by noting the frequent combination of this sort easily found in fields and gardens of the country and small towns4 ,it is surprising how often these combinations of black walnut and other species are to be seen4 ,any unprejudiced person could hardly fail to become convinced that1 in the great majority of cases1 the danger is of small practical consequence4 ,the roots of the black walnut run deeply under ground and it is entirely conceivable that in deep soil they do not ordinarily come up to the shallower levels of the roots of most other species4 ,summary ,a summary of the year's developments might be arranged about as follows3 7#a7 ,more black walnut kernels were harvested and consumed during the year than ever before4 7#b7 ,prices to the farmer reached about the same low level of the year preceding1 but the total drop during recent years was probably not in proportion to the drop of most other food products4 7#c7 ,crop prospects in #aicc are unfavorable for another large crop4 ,prices are starting out considerably higher than for several years4 7#d7 ,production of black walnuts from grafted trees under cultivation is altogether insignificant in comparison with that from chance seedlings receiving no special cultivation4 7#e7 ,grafting and planting are taking place at too moderate a rate to materially alter the ratio of production from seedling to that of grafted trees in the near future4 7#f7 ,there has been considerable improvement during recent years in the manner of preparing and packing black walnut kernels for market1 but there is need for further advance along this line4 7#g7 ,merchants engaged in handling black walnut kernels predict that there will continue to be a normal steady increase in consumption1 now that the market has become established1 trade channels opened up1 and consumers habits somewhat established4 7#h7 ,walnut hybrids occur frequently in nature4 ,so far1 none have appeared which were of special value because of the character of nuts which they produce4 ,so-called butterjaps appear to be possible from either certain crosses or from reversion to parent oriental types4 7#i7 ,ordinarily1 other crops may be interplanted with black walnuts with as great safety as with most other equally large growing and deep-rooted trees4 ,is the ,information ,we ,have on ,orchard ,fertility of ,value in the ,nut ,grove8 ,,by ,,prof4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,fagan1 ,,professor ,,of ,,pomology ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,state ,,college ,many of the association members present are also general fruit orchard owners of this state4 ,i am glad to meet with you and must confess that it has been many years since ,i have had the pleasure of attending the annual meeting of this association4 ,to be exact1 the last meeting ,i attended was the annual meeting held in ,lancaster some seven years ago4 ,it is not that the ,pennsylvania ,agricultural ,experiment ,station lacks interest in nut culture that keeps it from doing work along nut investigational lines1 but because the older and more extensive apple1 peach1 cherry1 grape and berry industries have called upon the resources of the station to its working capacity4 ,when ,mr4 ,hershey wrote asking me to speak before this meeting ,i felt that the only information we had at the station that would fit into the picture was the information we have regarding orchard fertility4 ,i therefore gave him the subject1 ,is the information we now have on general orchard fertility of value in the nut grove8 ,first1 let me touch upon some of the papers given this morning4 ,i think it would be well for the nut meat industry to look into the department of health's requirements governing the health inspection of workers handling food products4 ,i also suggest looking into the possibility of the selling of nuts and nut meats by interested high school boys and girls in our many towns and cities4 ,the question of annual bearing of nut trees is a subject needing investigation4 ,i rather expect we shall find that this factor is closely connected with over-production of a tree one year1 fertility and moisture supply1 or1 in other words1 the nuts may be much like apples4 ,while the nature of tree growth may tend to cause trees to be alternate producers1 man may upset this natural habit to some extent by proper cultural practices and thus cause the tree to produce1 not a full crop in the off year but at least some fruits that will be on the profit side4 ,as to the toxic effect of some of our nut trees upon growth of other plants growing near by1 ,i rather expect we shall find as time goes on that instead of the trees having a toxic effect they have a robbing effect upon soil moisture and food4 ,one thing that leads me to this belief is that years ago we taught that one reason for seeding a cover crop in the orchard was to have the cover take the moisture from the soil in the fall of the year and in that way check tree growth4 ,we now know that a mature apple or peach tree will reverse this during the growing season and will take its full share of moisture and food from the soil and really take these away from the cover crop4 ,we saw this occur during the dry years of #aibi and #aicj with covers that had been seeded in ,june4 ,during both these years1 in our orchard blocks where the water holding capacity of the soil was low1 the cover died over the tree root feeding spaces4 ,some may have said that the trees were having a toxic effect upon the soil4 ,this was not the case for1 in #aicb and #aicc1 both years of plenty of moisture supply1 the covers have grown well around the trees in these blocks4 ,i shall now ask you to refer to the conclusions on page #c of our ,bulletin ,no4 #bid1 issued by ,the ,pennsylvania ,state ,college1 which has just been distributed to you4 ,these conclusions are1 of course1 based upon our work in an apple orchard but ,i believe they will apply closely to the management of nut orchards4 ,lessons from ,fertility ,studies in the ,experiment ,orchard ,most of the experiments in this orchard have now completed #be years2 there have been few changes and these minor ones4 ,certain lessons may be drawn from this quarter century of research3 #a4 ,the fertility of an orchard soil is more than its plant food content4 ,it involves the nature of the soil1 its depth and topography1 its previous treatment1 the use of fertilizers and manures1 the amount and nature of the cultivation and the covers or sods grown4 ,fertilizers are only part of the problem of soil fertility4 #b4 ,in this orchard any treatment that has influenced the trees at all has done so in the following order3 first1 the cover crops2 perhaps several years later1 leaf color2 shortly after1 branch growth and circumference increase2 and last of all1 yield4 #c4 ,the reason for this sequence of results is that the treatments1 whether chemical fertilizers1 manure1 or cover crops1 have influenced yields chiefly by changing the organic matter content of the soil2 that is1 those treatments which have resulted in the production of larger cover crops have ultimately resulted in the production of more fruit4 #d4 ,the organic content of the soil has been a considerable factor in determining the amount of water in this soil4 ,those treatments which have built up the organic content have kept the soil in condition to soak up rainfall rather than to lose it by surface run-off4 ,a larger water supply1 in turn1 has produced more cover crops4 #e4 ,the site of this orchard seems nearly level to the casual eye2 yet slope1 with its accompanying erosion1 together with differences in depth of soil1 have created nearly as large differences in growth and yield as any treatment4 ,good treatments have nearly offset the initial disadvantage of poor soil2 but it is more economical to plant the orchard on good soil than to attempt the improvement of a poor soil4 #f4 ,a short1 non-legume sod rotation is an efficient means of building up a depleted orchard soil4 ,after a sod of any kind becomes thick tree growth is checked and yields decline4 ,orchard sods should be turned under or partially broken1 frequently4 #g4 ,moisture conditions often are more favorable in the sod orchard than in the cultivated orchard4 ,runoff is checked by a sod and less water is used by a sod in mid-summer1 after it has been mowed1 than by a heavy cover crop4 #h4 ,under a non-legume sod the soil nitrate supply becomes very low in late ,may or early ,june1 necessitating early applications of nitrogenous fertilizers4 ,annual applications of #aj pounds of nitrate of soda per tree1 or its equivalent in sulphate of ammonia or other forms1 have proved profitable in this orchard4 ,superphosphate1 in light applications1 has increased sod and cover crop growth4 #i4 ,trees receiving annual tillage with ,july seeding of cover crops have not done as well as those under sod rotations4 ,if the cover crops are seeded in early ,june1 as has been practiced since #aibi1 the difference may not be marked4 #aj4 ,to maintain equal yields1 ,stayman and ,baldwin must make longer branch growth than ,york4 ,in addition to these conclusions ,i will say that any grower who will keep his orchard soil in a state of fertility 7by use of manure1 proper farm crop fertilizers--nitrate1 phosphate or potash alone or in combination with each other--liming and1 if necessary1 drainage7 which will permit growing clovers1 alfalfa1 soy beans1 cow peas1 vetch1 or any of the legumes1 and who really does grow them as covers in his grove or orchard1 turning them back into the soil with a minimum period of spring cultivation--just enough to prepare a seed bed--will never need to worry about his soil fertility or water holding capacity4 ,you note that ,i say a minimum of cultivation4 ,we taught twenty years ago that cultivation should continue during ,june1 ,july1 and ,august4 ,we now feel that this teaching was wrong4 ,we can see no benefit from this long summer cultivation but do see some harm4 ,cultivation during the hot weather of ,june1 ,july1 and ,august will only aid in burning out the organic matter in the soil1 just the very thing we plant a cover for4 ,many of the covers such as alfalfa1 sweet clover and non-legume grasses can be harrowed very heavily in early spring after the frost is out of the ground1 thus checking their growth for several weeks1 and it is in early spring before the first flowers open1 and while open1 that the tree needs its nitrogen to aid in the set of fruit1 and season's tree growth2 the checking of the cover's growth in early spring gives the tree the chance to get its food4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,zimmerman3 ,i am very grateful for the address of ,prof4 ,fagan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,smith3 ,i want to express my appreciation of ,prof4 ,fagan's paper4 ,i want to call to the attention of this convention of people that this young man has actually admitted his hard headedness1 that he has been willing to let a tree compel him to change his thinking4 ,progress ,report on ,kellogg ,nut ,cultural ,project of the ,michigan ,state ,college ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,neilson1 ,m4 ,s4 ,c41 ,east ,lansing ,the ,nut ,cultural ,project so generously supported by ,mr4 ,w4 ,k4 ,kellogg of ,battle ,creek made good progress during the season of #aicc4 ,the various phases of this project are briefly discussed under their separate headings as follows3 ,search for ,superior ,trees ,this feature of our nut cultural programme is of the utmost importance and will continue to be so until the entire state has been thoroughly explored4 ,in our search we have been greatly helped by interested people throughout the state and elsewhere who report the existence of good trees or who send specimens of nuts from superior trees4 ,this voluntary help is very useful and is much appreciated4 ,of the various methods of searching for good trees1 nut contests are the most efficient and economical4 ,through the medium of national contests this ,association has discovered many good varieties1 and several of these new varieties are now being propagated4 ,in view of the discoveries resulting from the ,association contest in #aibi and our state contest in the same year1 it was deemed advisable to stage another contest in #aicb4 ,an article setting forth the terms of the contest was sent to all the daily1 weekly1 and agricultural and horticultural journals and was given very wide publicity by these press agencies4 ,a great deal of interest was shown in our contest and more than #afjj exhibits were entered by approximately #gjj exhibitors4 ,several good strains were brought to light by this contest1 most of which were unknown before the contest was staged4 ,the prize winners and the awards are as follows3 ,black ,walnuts ,daniel ,beck1 ,hamilton1 ,mich4 #ast #ae4jj ,harry ,webber1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio #bnd #aj4jj ,e4 ,gray1 ,williamston1 ,mich4 #crd #e4jj ,hickories ,mrs4 ,ray ,d4 ,mann1 ,davison1 ,michigan #ast #ae4jj ,d4 ,miller1 ,north ,branch1 ,mich4 #bnd #aj4jj ,lyle ,hause1 ,fowlerville1 ,mich4 #crd #e4jj ,english ,walnuts ,harry ,larsen1 ,ionia1 ,mich4 #ast #aj4jj ,d4 ,b4 ,lewis1 ,vassar1 ,mich4 #bnd #e4jj ,j4 ,w4 ,jockett1 ,hart ,mich4 #crd #c4jj ,butternuts ,claude ,mitchell1 ,scotland1 ,ont4 #ast #aj4jj ,m4 ,e4 ,alverson1 ,howard ,city1 ,mich4 #bnd #e4jj ,frank ,luther1 ,fairgrove1 ,mich4 #crd #c4jj ,heartnuts ,claude ,mitchell1 ,scotland1 ,ont4 #ast #aj4jj ,fred ,bourne1 ,milford1 ,mich4 #bnd #e4jj ,j4 ,u4 ,gellatly1 ,gellatly1 ,b4 ,c4 #crd #c4jj ,chestnuts 7,hybrids7 ,john ,dunbar1 ,oshtemo1 ,mich4 #ast #aj4jj ,d4 ,n4 ,dean1 ,shelbyville1 ,mich4 #bnd #e4jj ,j4 ,w4 ,jockett1 ,hart1 ,mich4 #crd #c4jj ,jap4 ,walnuts ,harold ,english1 ,chatham1 ,ont4 #ast #aj4jj ,harold ,evers1 ,petoskey1 ,mich4 #bnd #e4jj ,bob ,cardinell #crd #c4jj ,if and when another contest is held a larger number of prizes will be given provided sufficient funds are available4 ,the experience gained in the #aibi and #aicb contests indicates the desirability of holding at least three contests and five would be better1 and to have the contests held annually4 ,it is very difficult to advertise a nut contest so that every person in rural sections knows of it and moreover1 even if it were thoroughly advertised in any one year1 it would not be possible to get nuts from all good trees because of the irregularity in fruiting habit of nut trees4 ,the experience of others who stage contests will substantiate this opinion4 ,it is a great satisfaction to record the discovery of some promising pecan trees near ,vandalia on the farm of ,clyde ,westphal4 ,these trees were reported to me by ,mr4 ,harry ,burgart of ,union ,city1 and at the first opportunity ,i went with ,mr4 ,burgart to examine the trees4 ,there are #ai trees in the grove and the largest and best fruited tree is about #de feet tall and nearly one foot in diameter at the base4 ,the nuts are of medium size1 crack easily1 and contain kernels of good quality4 ,a good crop was borne last year and other satisfactory crops have been secured for several years4 ,it is quite likely that this tree would not mature nuts in a short growing season or in a season of low heat units1 but the fact that it has done so well in recent years in growth and nut production is very encouraging1 indeed4 ,plans are being made to propagate this strain4 ,another good pecan sample was received from ,mr4 ,b4 ,b4 ,dowell of ,paulding1 ,ohio4 ,this tree is hardy and produces nuts slightly larger than the ,westphal tree4 ,the nuts have good cracking quality and flavor of kernel and are worth propagating for northern regions4 ,propagation ,the propagation of selected strains of nut trees is not primarily the function of an ,experiment ,station1 with the exception of such work as may be necessary to establish on ,station property a sufficient number of trees to furnish scionwood for experimental purposes and to supply interested parties with what they require4 ,we believe that nut tree nurserymen should undertake the propagation of new varieties of proven merit and we have endeavored to furnish our local nurserymen and others with scionwood of our best native selections or introductions4 ,such propagation as we have done is with established trees and can properly be considered as top-working4 ,this feature of our project is discussed under that heading4 ,topworking ,our programme of top-working was carried on in #aicc to the full extent of time and funds available and a special effort was made to top-work some of the worthless pignuts and bitternuts with scions of hicans and hybrid hickories4 ,in a former report1 reference was made to the difficulty in grafting shagbark and shellbark scions onto pignuts2 and here again ,i want to say my first observation still holds especially with the shagbarks4 ,i do not have a single shagbark scion left on pignuts out of several hundred set during the last four seasons4 ,our results with hybrid hickories and with hicans have been much more encouraging in so far as the set of scions and growth is concerned4 ,the following varieties have done well on the pignut or bitternut--,burlington1 ,beaver1 ,cedar ,rapids1 ,creager1 ,dennis1 ,des ,moines1 ,fairbanks1 ,kirtland1 ,laney1 ,lingenfelter1 ,mc,callister1 ,stratford1 and ,shinnerling4 ,it is definitely known that most of these varieties are of hybrid origin with the exception of ,cedar ,rapids and ,kirtland4 ,the buds of the variety ,i have labelled as ,cedar ,rapids do not look like pure shagbarks and it is possible that a mix up has occurred in the labels4 ,a satisfactory start was made in propagating the prize-winning shagbark hickories of our #aicb contest and further work will be done with these kinds in the present season4 ,good progress has been made in propagating our best varieties of black walnuts1 ,english walnuts1 and ,chinese walnuts4 ,we now have several trees some of which are quite large that have been top-worked to scions of ,wiard1 ,allen1 ,grundy1 ,rowher1 ,ohio1 ,creitz1 ,carpenter1 and ,stambaugh black walnuts4 ,in ,english walnuts we have ,carpathian ,no4 #a1 #b1 and #e--;,crath1 ,mc,dermid1 and ,broadview4 ,this latter variety is above the average in size1 cracks easily and has a good kernel4 ,still more important it is believed to be hardy and is definitely known to have endured #be below zero ,f4 ,this variety was sent by ,mr4 ,j4 ,u4 ,gellatly1 our enthusiastic nut tree hunter from ,british ,columbia4 ,mr4 ,gellatly has brought to light a considerable number of heartnuts and a few ,english walnuts4 ,one of his latest finds is an ,english walnut that produces very large almost round thin shelled nuts4 ,this tree grows on high bench land near ,okanogun1 ,b4 ,c4 and is a seedling of a tree growing in the high altitudes of ,kashmir in ,northern ,india4 ,some of the heartnuts sent by ,mr4 ,gellatly are amongst the largest ,i have ever seen and possess good cracking and extraction qualities4 ,scions of these varieties have been ordered from ,mr4 ,gellatly and we hope to establish at least one good tree of each kind as a source of propagating material4 ,we also have several grafts of an excellent ,chinese walnut which we obtained from ,mr4 ,george ,corsan of ,islington1 ,ontario4 ,this variety bears a large nut with a thin well sealed shell and a first-class kernel1 and has been named ,corsan4 ,new ,plantings ,the planting programme for #aicc included the planting of about #dj acres on the ,collver part of the ,kellogg ,farm near ,augusta1 but this had to be reduced by #ej because of financial troubles caused by the closing of the banks in which ,mr4 ,kellogg was a depositor4 ,in addition to the new plantings a considerable number of replacements had to be made particularly in the chestnut groves4 ,the following table shows the number of each species and variety planted3 7a7 ,black ,walnuts ,variety ,number ,allen #b ,wessell #e ,thomas #bj ,beck #b ,bohamin #b ,edras #c ,grundy #c ,homeland #c ,howell #b ,grabill #b ,hauber #a ,heplar #c ,mintle #b ,patuxent #g ,ruddick #a ,stanley #a ,tasterite #a ,stover #a ,worthington #a ,mc,millen #a ,hunter #a ,birds ,eye #ae ,carpenter #aj ,miller #e ,ten ,ecyk #aj ,ohio #aj ,stabler #ae 7b7 ,chinese ,walnut ,seedlings #bj 7c7 ,english ,walnut ,seedlings 7,crath7 #ba ,alpine #aj ,mayette #aj 7d7 ,butternuts ,seedlings #ej ,hickories 7a7 ,hybrids ,stratford #e 7b7 ,shagbark ,glover #e ,romig #c 7c7 ,shellbark ,stephens #b 7d7 ,pecans ,indiana #a ,niblack #d ,greenriver #e ,kentucky #e ,butterick #f ,posey #e ,carlyle #c ,jeffrey #c ,seedlings #ej 7e7 ,hicans ,des ,moines #g ,gerrardi #e ,burlington #d ,wright #c ,burton #b ,norton #b ,hazels 7a7 ,turkish ,hazels ,seedlings #dj 7b7 ,jones ,hybrids ,seedlings #ad 7c7 ,corylus ,vilmorinii ,seedlings #a ,chestnuts 7a7 ,chinese ,seedlings #bea 7b7 ,japanese ,seedlings #bj ,good results were secured with all of the above mentioned kinds except the ,chinese and ,japanese chestnuts4 ,the reason for this failure is given elsewhere in this report4 ,demonstration ,work on ,grafting ,this feature of our programme has not received as much attention as should be given to it owing to lack of scionwood of local origin and to a desire to work over nearly all the trees on the ,kellogg ,farm before attempting much outside work4 ,we now have a fair supply of scionwood on our station trees and are in a position to proceed with a modest top-working programme out in the state4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the principal object of this scheme will be to establish sources of scionwood at various places in the state and to instruct interested parties in the art of grafting4 ,a total of #be demonstrations have already been given and in nearly every case improved varieties were established and local interest was aroused4 ,it is a matter of satisfaction to report that at least four men have made a commendable start in top-working ordinary seedling trees with scions of superior sorts and one of these men1 ,mr4 ,charles ,pepper of ,berlamont1 proposes to establish a small nursery of ,allen black walnuts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for some time the writer has planned to interest the ,future ,farmers of ,america in planting nut trees1 but was too busy with other duties to make the proper contact4 ,just recently arrangements were made with ,dr4 ,gallup1 the ,state ,supervisor of ,vocational ,agricultural ,education1 for a presentation of the scheme of nut tree planting to these enterprising and energetic young men4 ,my object is to interest at least one member of each group in either top-working local seedlings with the best hardy varieties or in planting good nut tree varieties4 ,plans are also made to interest the members of the ,state ,horticultural ,society in planting some of the best varieties of ,michigan origin4 ,educational ,work ,this feature of our project has not been given a great deal of emphasis because it was believed we did not have enough information of local nature to justify us in conducting an extensive educational programme4 ,we now believe we have enough information to make a start and ,i have arranged a series of meetings with county agents at their regional conferences in the southern part of the lower peninsula4 ,each regional conference includes the county agents and associated workers in several counties and affords one an opportunity to present our programme to ,state officials who can give us most effective cooperation4 ,this project along with a similar one for the ,future ,farmers of ,america should create more interest in nut culture4 ,general ,notes ,the establishment of hardy blight resistant chestnuts of good quality is an important objective in our nut cultural project1 and one in which only partial success can be reported4 ,approximately #gjj ,chinese and ,japanese ,chestnut trees have been planted but only about #bfj of these trees are living4 ,some of these casualties were due to dry weather1 rabbits and woodchucks1 but the major part were due to unsuitable soil conditions4 ,our observations show that the ,asiatic chestnuts will not thrive in an alkaline soil1 as nearly all the losses occurred on an area that had a heavy application of marl4 ,on the area where the trees are now growing well the soil is acid and supports several acid tolerant plants4 ,a superior strain of ,chinese ,chestnut was found in a lot of about #fj trees which the writer sent to ,mr4 ,w4 ,r4 ,reek of the ,experiment ,station at ,ridgetown1 ,ontario1 in #aibg4 ,the best tree has made a good growth1 and bears large nuts of good quality4 ,scions of this tree were obtained last spring and grafted onto several ,chinese seedlings at the ,kellogg ,farm4 ,an attempt will also be made to graft a few large--unfruitful ,japanese chestnuts at various places in the ,state with scions of this good ,chinese strain4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an interesting bit of information on the hardiness of the black walnut and butternut has just come to hand from ,col4 ,b4 ,d4 ,wallace of ,portage1 ,la ,prairie1 ,manitoba4 ,col4 ,wallace reports the occurrence of a seedling black walnut in his nursery that is quite hardy and which bore fully matured nuts at an early age4 ,he also has a fine grove of butternuts that are entirely hardy and which bear good crops of nuts4 ,these butternut trees grew from nuts secured from ,france about twenty years ago4 ,the trees are quite hardy but other butternut seedlings from ,ontario seemed to lack hardiness4 ,no data are at hand to show where the ,french butternut trees came from1 but inasmuch as the butternut is not a native of ,france it is almost certain that the trees came from ,north ,america and probably ,quebec ,province4 ,in any case the trees are hardy and are reported to give satisfaction to the people in the ,prairie ,provinces4 ,mr4 ,kroodsma1 ,extension ,forester1 reports the occurrence of a moderately large black walnut which bears nuts of good quality and fair size at ,houghton in the extreme northern part of the ,upper ,peninsula4 ,these accessions to our knowledge of the hardiness of the walnut and butternut are valuable and would suggest that these species can be grown much farther north than their native range4 ,in a former report reference was made to an attempt while in the service of the ,ontario ,department of ,agriculture to interest the members of the ,womens' ,institute in ,ontario in planting nut trees1 but not much progress was made until last spring4 ,the writer had in ,ontario about #hjj fine seedling heartnuts which he was unable to sell and which had to be moved4 ,it seemed regrettable to destroy them and finally the trees were given to ,mr4 ,geo4 ,putnam1 ,supt4 of ,institutes for distribution in my old home county and in another county where ,i worked for some time4 ,the trees were readily accepted and much interest was aroused4 ,so much in fact that ,i was kept busy writing letters to people who wanted to share in the distribution4 ,unfortunately1 ,i did not have enough trees to meet all demands and so had to refuse many an ,institute member who was anxious to try these heartnut seedlings4 ,notes on the ,filbert ,orchard at ,geneva ,by ,g4 ,l4 ,,slate ,experiment ,station1 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y4 ,winter killing of the wood and catkins is probably the limiting factor in growing filberts in ,western ,new ,york4 ,satisfactory varieties must possess catkins hardy enough to provide sufficient pollen for pollination purposes4 ,there must also be very little killing of the wood or the crop will be reduced in proportion to the amount of wood that is winter injured4 ,several years observations in the ,station filbert orchard at ,geneva have shown a great variation in hardiness of filbert varieties4 ,with some varieties the catkins are severely injured each winter1 with others1 very little injury occurs4 ,because of this great variation in hardiness we must accumulate as much data as possible concerning the ability of varieties to withstand our winters1 especially the mild winters1 before we are in a position to make definite variety recommendations4 ,last winter1 #aicb-cc was especially hard on filberts1 in fact1 much more winter injury was experienced than at any time since the ,station orchard was set in #aibe4 ,it was a good season to separate the hardy and tender sorts4 ,throughout the winter the weather was exceptionally mild and favorable for that type of winter injury due to early growth activity4 ,in a normally cold winter catkin killing as a rule is not very serious1 except on a few tender varieties4 ,although catkin killing was so serious at ,geneva1 ,s4 ,h4 ,graham of ,ithaca1 who is growing a number of varieties on an exposed location where winters are more severe than at ,geneva1 reports that his trees suffered less catkin injury than at any time since he has been growing them4 ,catkin killing does not seem to be due to extreme cold during the winter and rarely are the catkins injured before late ,february or early ,march4 ,injury may be severe even though the temperatures are not lower than the catkins are thought to endure when in bloom4 ,apparently the injury may be due to the cumulative effect of dessication throughout the winter months1 this effect becoming apparent shortly before the catkins bloom4 ,catkins forced into bloom prior to late ,february bloom normally and without apparent injury4 ,the data on winter injury of catkins is being accumulated for two purposes4 ,first1 it is being used as a basis for recommending varieties as pollinators2 and second1 it is being used in selecting parents for breeding hardy varieties4 ,the amount of winter killed catkins is determined by observation during the blooming season in late ,march4 ,all catkins that fail to open1 or open weakly and shed no pollen1 are considered winter killed and the proportion that are killed is expressed in per cent4 ,based on the amount of winter injury of catkins during the winter #aicb-cc1 ,i am making four groups4 ,first1 those varieties in which all1 or practically all the catkins were killed4 ,in the varieties suffering such severe catkin injuries1 much of the wood was killed1 but this will be treated separately4 ,the varieties in this group are ,nottingham1 ,early ,prolific1 ,garibaldi1 ,kentish filbert1 ,pearson's ,prolific1 ,princess ,royal1 the ,shah1 ,webb's ,prize ,cobb1 ,bandnuss1 ,barr's ,zellernuss1 ,berger's ,zellernuss1 ,grosse ,kugelnuss1 ,heynicks ,zellernuss1 ,lange von ,downton1 ,multiflora1 ,sickler's ,zellernuss1 and a ,corylus rostrata brought into cultivation from a glen a few miles away4 ,the planting of varieties in this list is not recommended4 ,the second group includes those sorts in which #ej to #ij per cent of the catkins were killed4 ,the varieties are ,barcelona1 ,daviana1 ,fertile de ,coutard1 ,montebello1 ,cannon ,ball1 ,duke of ,edinburgh1 ,duchess of ,edinboro1 ,prolific ,closehead1 ,red ,skinned1 ,kadetten ,zellernuss1 ,kaiserin ,eugenie1 ,kunzemuller's ,zellernuss1 ,liegel's ,zellernuss1 ,prolifique a coque serree1 ,romische ,nuss1 ,schlesierin1 ,truchsess ,zellernuss1 ,voile ,zellernuss1 ,kruse1 and ,littlepage1 a variety of ,corylus americana from ,indiana4 ,some wood killing occurred among the varieties in this group4 ,none of these varieties should be depended upon for pollination purposes4 ,the third group includes those varieties experiencing #bj to #ej per cent winter injury4 ,the varieties are ,kentish ,cob1 ,italian ,red1 ,bollwiller1 ,red ,aveline1 ,white ,aveline1 and ,vollkugel4 ,these varieties may be planted with caution if too much dependence is not placed upon them as pollinators4 ,in the fourth group are those with less than #bj per cent of catkin injury4 ,these are ,clackamas1 ,cosford1 ,minna1 ,early ,globe1 ,english ,cluster1 ,medium ,long1 ,oregon1 ,purple ,aveline1 ,red ,lambert1 ,white ,lambert1 ,d',alger1 ,althaldensleber1 ,ludolph's ,zellernuss1 ,luisen's ,zellernuss1 ,neue ,riesennuss1 ,eickige ,barcelonaer1 and ,winkler and ,rush1 the latter two being varieties of ,corylus americana4 ,varieties from this group and the third group should be used as pollinators and as parents in breeding work to develop catkin hardy varieties4 ,winter killing of the wood has not been as extensive nor as serious as catkin killing4 ,it is usually slight and confined to a few varieties but during the past winter #aicb-cc1 many varieties killed back severely4 ,the varieties are grouped according to the amount of winter injury of wood4 ,varieties in which more than #ej per cent of the wood was killed are ,nottingham1 ,early ,prolific1 ,garibaldi1 ,princess ,royal1 ,webb's ,prize ,cob1 ,bandnuss1 ,grosse ,kugelnuss1 ,jeeves ,samling1 ,kaiserin ,eugenie1 ,multiflora1 ,kurzhullige ,zellernuss1 ,lange von ,downton1 and the ,corylus rostrata previously mentioned4 ,varieties experiencing from #bj to #ej per cent of wood killing were ,barcelona1 ,red ,aveline1 ,montebello1 ,berger's ,zellernuss1 ,einzeltragende ,kegelformige1 ,heynick's ,zellernuss1 ,prolifique a ,coque serre1 ,sickler's ,zellernuss1 ,voile ,zellernuss1 and ,russ4 ,in the following varieties from #e to #bj per cent of the wood was winter-killed3 ,minna1 ,bollwiller1 ,duchess of ,edinboro1 ,pearson's ,prolific1 ,the ,shah1 ,barr's ,zellernuss1 ,kunzemuller's ,zellernuss1 ,liegel's ,zellernuss1 ,romische ,nuss1 ,schlesierin1 ,truchsess ,zellernuss1 ,vollkugel and ,littlepage4 ,varieties which are not injured at all or less than five per cent were ,clackamas1 ,cosford1 ,daviana1 ,early ,globe1 ,english ,cluster1 ,kentish ,cob1 ,fertile de ,coutard1 ,italian ,red1 ,medium ,long1 ,oregon1 ,purple ,aveline1 ,red ,lambert1 ,white ,aveline1 ,white ,lambert1 ,d',alger1 ,cannon ,ball1 ,duke of ,edinburgh1 ,kentish filbert1 ,prolific ,closehead1 ,red ,skinned1 ,eckige ,barcelonaer1 ,kadetten ,zellernuss1 ,ludolph's ,zellernuss1 ,luisen's ,zellernuss1 ,kruse1 ,neue ,riesennuss and ,rush and ,winkler4 ,it is evident from this data that although many filbert varieties are subject to serious winter injury1 there are still a number to choose from that are sufficiently hardy under western ,new ,york conditions4 ,variety ,notes ,the ,station variety collection has grown considerably since ,i discussed filberts before you in #aibi4 ,at that time the collection consisted of #bh varieties2 today there are under test at ,geneva #ii varieties of ,corylus avellana1 five varieties of ,corylus americana1 five ,jones seedlings1 and six species of ,corylus1 or a total of #aae forms4 ,later observations on the original orchard have indicated that the original variety recommendations should be modified4 ,certain varieties imported from ,europe and renamed1 or were misnamed when imported1 and that have been disseminated by nurseries are apparently identical with certain ,german varieties recently imported by the ,geneva ,station4 ,preliminary observations indicate that some of these recently imported ,german sorts are worthy of further attention4 ,barcelona which was the most productive variety during the first few years has been falling behind in yields the past two seasons4 ,this1 coupled with the winter killing of wood and catkins last winter1 makes ,barcelona a doubtful variety to plant4 ,italian ,red in #aicb averaged nearly eight pounds of nuts to the tree1 the heaviest yield of any variety in the orchard4 ,the crop this year promises to be satisfactory and one of the largest in the orchard1 in a season when varieties generally are very light4 ,s4 ,h4 ,graham of ,ithaca reports that ,italian ,red has been the best and most regular bearer of any of the ,european filberts that he has tried4 ,kentish ,cob averaged five pounds per tree last year and ,cosford over four pounds4 ,the latter variety is catkin hardy and should be in every planting4 ,white ,lambert and ,red ,lambert1 still light croppers1 possess very hardy catkins and for that reason deserve trial4 ,oregon1 ,purple ,aveline1 and ,english ,cluster bear heavy crops1 but are difficult to husk and the nuts too small for market4 ,for home use they should be very satisfactory4 ,among the newer nuts fruiting last year for the first time1 ,neue ,riesennuss1 originating in ,germany in #ahga1 is promising4 ,it is one of the largest in the ,station collection1 is a bright light brown in color with slightly darker stripes1 and last winter experienced very little catkin injury and no wood injury4 ,as yet nothing is known of its productiveness in this country1 but in ,germany it is said to be productive4 ,some of the nuts distributed in this country by ,mr4 ,vollertsen of ,rochester are proving identical with some of the ,german sorts recently imported by the ,station4 ,i do not intend to suggest now that the name of the varieties in this country be changed to those of the varieties with which they are identical4 ,later when all of these imported varieties are in full bearing the matter of changing names will be brought to your attention again4 ,red ,lambert 7of ,vollertsen7 is identical with ,beethe's ,zeller1 and ,italian ,red 7of ,vollertsen7 is identical with ,gustav's ,zeller4 ,minna 7of ,vollertsen7 is not the ,minna of ,german descriptions4 ,filbert ,breeding ,the breeding work with filberts is following two lines4 ,hardiness of wood and catkin is of prime importance and to develop varieties satisfactorily in these respects those varieties that have proved hardy are being crossed with different sorts that have desirable nut and tree characters4 ,hardiness is also being sought by crossing the ,rush native hazel with varieties of ,corylus avellana4 #ece trees from this cross1 made by ,mr4 ,reed1 are now growing in a fruiting plantation at the ,station1 and several hundred more from other crosses are in the nursery row4 ,with this wealth of material coming along1 it is reasonable to assume that the day is not far distant when satisfactory varieties will be available for northern planting4 ,developing a ,walnut ,grove as a ,side ,line ,job as a ,bee ,keeper ,l4 ,k4 ,,hostetter ,lancaster1 ,pennsylvania ,in discussing this topic ,i shall give you some of my doings in my bee business and nut growing4 ,about #cj years ago1 ,i started out in the bee business with three colonies of bees4 ,this number increased gradually until ,i had #agj colonies4 ,during these #hj years ,i would sometimes have a bumper crop of honey and then again sometimes a total failure4 ,this past summer happened to be one of those off years4 ,it is1 however1 the income from this bee business that started me off in the growing of a grove of #hjj black walnut trees1 also a few shellbarks1 pecans1 heartnuts1 ,english walnuts1 hicans1 hardshell almonds and filberts4 ,in the spring of #aibf1 ,i had a nurseryman graft #f small black walnut trees to the ,thomas and ,stabler varieties with #e catches1 #d ,thomas and #a ,stabler4 ,in the spring of #aibg1 ,i bought the homestead farm and planted #b ,thomas1 #b ,stabler1 and #b ,ohio black walnuts1 #b shellbarks1 #b hardshell almonds and #f filberts4 ,this spring ,i also planted about a bushel of seedling black walnuts and1 as it happened we had an exceptionally wet summer1 these seedlings made a wonderful growth4 ,in the spring of #aibh ,i transplanted about #ae acres to these seedlings4 ,in #aibi ,i planted another #bj acres1 and in #aicj another #aj acres4 ,some of these trees were planted #fj feet each way and some #cj feet apart4 ,some of these trees were grafted the same year they were planted but most of them were grafted two years later4 ,at this time ,i had little experience in grafting and1 naturally1 my #b acres in getting catches were accordingly4 ,when ,i started out ,i thought it would be cheaper to plant seedlings and graft them1 as explained above4 ,i have gotten along fairly well in getting my grove started but ,i found it to be far more work than ,i expected it would be and ,i would not do it that way again4 ,because of some failures each year ,i still have many trees that have not yet been successfully grafted4 ,i am not in a great hurry to get my grove on a paying basis as ,i am getting a lot of fun playing with the developing of it and ,i don't believe there will be so very much difference in the size of these trees #be years from now4 ,i would say1 however1 that for the man who wants to get a nut grove developed as soon as possible1 he should buy his trees from the expert nut tree nurseryman4 ,my entire grove is now seeded to blue grass for a permanent pasture4 ,about #be acres is pastured by #afj head of sheep and the balance is cut for hay to feed the sheep in the winter time4 ,my reason for seeding to blue grass is to prevent erosion4 ,possibly if ,i should keep my trees cultivated during the summer they would make a better growth4 ,but then my sheep will make quite a bit of manure and ,i spread much of this manure under the trees every winter and1 as it is1 my trees are making a very good growth every year4 ,i now have a grove of about #hjj black walnut trees4 ,these are mostly of the ,thomas1 also quite a few ,ohio and ,stabler and a few ,ten ,eycks4 ,the ,stablers1 ,ohios1 and ,ten ,eycks seem to fill the shell so full of meats with me that they are hard to remove in large pieces4 ,i think ,i shall regraft most of these to the ,thomas and some of the later varieties4 ,about #fjj of my trees are now #g years old from seed4 ,these trees had about #a_/b bushel of hulled walnuts last summer and ,i expect to have about #b bushels this summer4 ,last summer ,i also had about a peck of hard shell almonds from my two trees that were planted in #aibg4 ,in #aica my #f filberts had about #a_/b peck of nuts4 ,these trees are now big enough to have at least a bushel or two of nuts if the catkins had not frozen this past winter4 ,dr4 ,zimmerman3 ,mr4 ,hostetter1 ,i would like to suggest1 from the fact that we know so little about pollinization of nut trees1 that you do not be in too big a hurry to cut out your odd varieties4 ,instead why not do this1 let them come into bearing and then each year cut the variety out and note if there is any change in the bearing of the ,thomas1 of which you say your orchard is mostly made up8 ,should you happen to note a lack of pollinization or bearing in the ,thomas the year after a certain variety is cut out1 you can then start checking and may find that variety the best pollinator for the ,thomas4 ,i certainly would not be in too big a hurry to eliminate all my test varieties if ,i were you4 ,the ,president3 ,last year ,prof4 ,reed gave us a very valuable paper on pollinization4 ,dr4 ,zimmerman3 ,i have a ,taylor hickory at my place and every year it has several nutlets but as soon as they get any size they tumble off4 ,i have never seen any catkins on that tree4 ,i have been fooling around for several years with persimmons4 ,i have particular reference to the ,kawakmi which is supposed to be a hybrid of ,munson4 ,i have never had any fruit from that particular tree4 ,i wrote to ,munson's and told them and they sent me some of the fruit4 ,i wanted to get the seeds4 ,my tree blooms heavily but has no pistillate flowers4 ,nut ,trees as ,used in ,landscaping ,,dr4 ,,lewis ,,edwin ,,theiss ,muncy1 ,pennsylvania ,i was asked to speak on the subject of ,planting ,nut ,trees for ,those ,who ,have ,space for ,only a ,few1 but ,i am going to speak on using nut trees in landscaping4 ,we should know what is meant by the term landscaping4 ,it may mean planting blue spruce or junipers around the house in a pleasing way1 or you may use plants4 ,the object is to make a picture which gives a certain impression of our home4 ,we can just as well use nut trees in such a way as to make a beautiful picture1 so that when one looks out any window of his home he gets a beautiful picture or vista1 or when one goes by and sees your home1 he sees a beautiful picture4 ,we tend to follow too stereotyped ways of doing things4 ,there is no reason why we should make a liability of our property4 ,we can just as well have nuts to help make an asset4 ,trees are very much like words4 ,we have two words in the ,english language that express more than any others4 ,they are home and mother4 ,we also have trees that connote much4 ,of course1 it depends on what picture we wish our homes to convey4 ,i want mine to have a cozy yet prosperous look4 ,now you ask1 ,how are you going to produce that look8 ,it is by the materials you use and how you use them4 ,and you can use any you wish4 ,we might divide plants into two groups1 cultivated plants and wild plants4 ,in trees we have some fruit trees which are never worth a cent4 ,apple trees suggest home4 ,if you are driving through the woods and come upon an apple tree1 you immediately think1 ,someone had a home here once4 ,of course1 it might have grown from a chance seed but that is the thought you have at once4 ,the apple tree connotes the thought of home4 ,i happen to be a fruit tree as well as a nut tree grower4 ,the difference between them is that you have to spray the fruit trees4 ,longfellow said1 ,under the spreading chestnut tree the village smithy stands4 ,that was probably very true as there were lots of chestnut trees at that time4 ,so we have nut trees that give us this connotation of domesticity4 ,they make us think of home4 ,we must also consider the foliage4 ,a tree with fine foliage such as the walnut is preferable for the lawn4 ,the walnut gives a fine shade but does not interfere with the growth of grass4 ,the ,english walnut makes a dense shade1 nothing grows under it4 ,hickory also gives a dense shade4 ,all these things we have to consider when choosing trees to plant about our yards4 ,in my own grounds ,i have black walnut1 ,persian walnuts1 pecans1 filberts1 hicans and some others4 ,i feel we might as well have something around our places to help pay the taxes4 ,we might as well get a little pleasure out of our property4 ,some of us have vegetable gardens4 ,nut trees can be an asset to your property in the same way if you will plant the proper kinds4 ,you all know the black walnut4 ,it grows to be a large spreading tree but it needs good soil4 ,another nice tree is the ,japanese walnut4 ,this tree is quite beautiful4 ,a sport of this tree is the heartnut4 ,it also is a very beautiful tree and a rapid grower4 ,i have a little group of these trees and ,i have never seen trees grow so fast4 ,i have a ,japanese walnut1 a grafted heartnut1 and a ,japanese seedling4 ,they look exactly alike but bear different kinds of nuts4 ,i have one tree which is a seedling4 ,it is eight years old1 beginning on the ninth year and is #bj to #be feet high4 ,i have a heartnut which is a little bit older which ,i bought from ,mr4 ,jones4 ,that tree has suffered a lot at my hands4 ,i dug it up twice and changed its position1 cutting it back1 and still it is growing fine and a big tree for ten years4 ,it has a spread close to #dj feet and reaches to the house top4 ,it certainly looks more than #aj years old4 ,i think a tree like that is very useful planted by a house because of its rapid growth4 ,the foliage is very lovely4 ,i have measured some of the leaves and some are a yard long4 ,another tree ,i have growing near the house is a ,potomac ,english walnut4 ,it is a very vigorous tree1 has a dense shade and a very good grower4 ,a very lovely tree to have in the yard4 ,i have also1 the ,butterick1 ,busseron and ,indiana pecans in the side yard4 ,they bear quite well1 particularly the ,butterick but ,i like the ,busseron better4 ,i think they are going to be very large trees4 ,i think they will be like the elms in ,new ,england4 ,the foliage is not so large and coarse and is a little different from the black walnut4 ,they have been very successful for us4 ,we do not know much about getting revenue from our trees as we use all our nuts in the family4 ,a pound of nuts ,i raise myself is worth much more to me than a pound ,i would buy in the grocery store because of the fun ,i get in growing them4 ,i have chestnuts that have escaped the blight so far4 ,they say the ,japanese variety is very hardy and very resistant to blight4 ,as to the nuts1 ,i do not know much about them4 ,another nut tree that we do not often think of is the beech tree4 ,i have never seen a beech tree that had nuts on big enough to amount to anything4 ,we have heard a lot about filberts this morning4 ,filberts make beautiful hedges4 ,i shouldn't advise anybody to grow a filbert hedge along the road or where it would be a temptation to people to steal4 ,but where you wish to erect a screen to shut out an undesirable view1 they make a very nice hedge4 ,they are very pleasing as to foliage4 ,we have a very nice crop of filberts this fall4 ,if you have a little place that you want to screen in1 why not do it with a hedge that is both beautiful and productive4 ,we also have a peach almond4 ,that is worth growing just for its blossom4 ,people go to ,washington to see the ,japanese cheery blossoms but they are no more beautiful than the ,ridenhower almond when in bloom4 ,the blossom is #b inches in diameter4 ,the hull dries and parts through the middle leaving the nut easy to get out4 ,my farmer calls my tree the dried peach tree4 ,the fruit looks more like a peach seed than an almond4 ,it is more difficult to crack than the usual almond but it certainly is interesting in the springtime4 ,i hope in your landscaping you will make use of nut trees1 and when you want a hedge you do not have to have a privet or a barberry one4 ,you can make a hedge of roses or of filberts4 ,dr4 ,deming3 ,will your pecans have a good crop8 ,are they well filled8 ,dr4 ,theiss3 ,yes1 they are well filled and have a very delicious flavor4 ,in the market you could not offer them in competition with the paper-shell variety1 but we are quite well pleased with them4 ,dr4 ,deming3 ,isn't that rather a record for distance north8 ,dr4 ,theiss3 ,i do not know4 ,mr4 ,reed1 how far north do pecans grow well8 ,mr4 ,reed3 ,i believe our best authorities are ,dr4 ,deming and ,dr4 ,theiss4 ,i am surprised as we have some pecans in ,washington with which we were discouraged1 although they are now developing4 ,dr4 ,theiss3 ,i must say we have very satisfactory trees and lots of nuts4 ,mr4 ,hershey3 ,about six weeks ago ,i saw a tree which had been bearing for #dj years4 ,it was at ,schuylkill ,haven near ,pottsville1 in the mountainous country where it gets very cold4 ,an old man told me the tree was #fj years old4 ,imagine my utter amazement since we believed that the pecan would not bear that far north4 ,i showed the old man some ,busseron nuts and he stated that his were slightly smaller but very thin shelled4 ,the seed of this tree came from the ,wabash in ,illinois4 ,he had another tree there about #cj years old which has been bearing for quite a few years4 ,prof4 ,neilson3 ,have you had any experience with ,turkish hazels8 ,dr4 ,theiss3 ,no1 ,i have ,barcelona1 ,du ,chilly1 ,red ,aveline1 ,white ,aveline1 and ,jones-,rush hybrids4 ,prof4 ,neilson3 ,it appears that they are very ornamental and very symmetrical and hardy trees4 ,there is a possibility of using nuts in a new confection made of honey4 ,there is a new method of drying honey perfected by ,dr4 ,philips and ,dr4 ,dyke1 and when this is mixed with nuts it forms a really good confection4 ,my wife has worked out several good recipes4 ,mrs4 ,neilson3 ,the new method of drying the honey allows it to be wrapped in wax paper without sticking to the paper4 ,this is quite an advantage in marketing it4 ,prof4 ,neilson3 ,the ,broadview ,persian walnut is a very ornamental tree and can be grown by those who live very far north4 ,my ,experience in ,growing ,nut ,trees on the ,house ,lawn ,by ,m4 ,,glen ,,kirkpatrick ,orchard ,editor1 ,farm ,journal1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,coming at the end of a program such as you have had here today1 ,i am reminded of a story my father used to tell me as a boy4 ,there was once a mouse that lived in a cellar4 ,one day he was attracted by some moisture on the floor that was seeping from a barrel of cider4 ,the cider was in the stage of becoming vinegar4 ,the mouse took two or three helpings and then said1 ',now bring on the cat6' ,i would be just as foolish as the mouse if ,i tried to contribute any technical matter4 ,ten minutes will be ample to tell you of my experiences4 ,my interest in nut trees is due to ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,hershey4 ,i wish now that some of my apple trees were replaced by walnuts4 ,i planted my trees about #h years ago4 ,the pecan is about #ah feet high1 the ,english walnut about #ab feet high4 ,the ,english walnut has blossomed but has never borne fruit4 ,the pecan has blossomed this year for the first time4 ,my ,barcelona has about a pound of nuts on this year4 ,it is from #ab to #ad feet high4 ,my ,du ,chilly has produced fruit one year4 ,the thing ,i like about nut trees is their cleanness4 ,my ,english walnut has never been troubled by pests1 neither has the pecan1 except there is one thing ,i hold against the pecans and that is the borers on the branches4 ,it is ten times as bad as ,english walnuts4 ,but the trees are clean and nice to have1 and ,i really prefer them to apple trees4 ,with apple trees you are at all times troubled with apples on the lawn and it is a job to keep them cleaned up4 ,you have nothing of that sort to contend with in nut trees4 ,my trees have not been given special advantages4 ,the pecan is in with a lot of shrubs and the ,english walnut is surrounded by roses4 ,the filbert has just taken pot luck with the rest4 ,that is my experience and if ,i can tell you anything further ,i shall be glad to do it4 ,dr4 ,zimmerman3 ,i would like to ask you a question about the ,japanese beetle4 ,have you had any trouble with your black walnuts8 ,mr4 ,kirkpatrick3 ,i have had one black walnut die4 ,dr4 ,zimmerman3 ,do you know if the ,japanese beetle attacks the chestnut or chinquapin8 ,mr4 ,shaw3 ,maybe ,i can answer that question4 ,in ,new ,jersey the ,japanese beetle attacks the chestnut but ,i do not know about the chinquapin4 ,developing a ,thousand ,tree ,nut ,grove ,by ,c4 ,f4 ,,hostetter ,bird-in-,hand1 ,pennsylvania ,the natural title of this paper should be ,why ,i ,planted a ,nut ,grove4 ,some years ago1 especially when we were in the war1 it occurred to me that with all the modern machinery and scientific methods on the farm it wouldn't be long before we would be producing much more food than could be consumed1 hence the prices for farm commodities would fall so low there would be no profit in them4 ,the last few years have proven my contention was right4 ,so ,i got to looking around for something to specialize in and became interested in the new improved thin shelled black walnuts that the late ,j4 ,f4 ,jones was introducing4 ,i know there is danger in specializing in any one thing but1 in summing up the following regarding black walnuts1 it looked to me like as good or better a bet than any thing else4 ,first1 we know that the demand for the high black walnut flavor has caused it to be profitable for carloads of kernels to be cracked and shipped to the cities from the natural black walnut belt4 ,although this seedling product has been somewhat improved in quality the last few years ,i still feel that the demand for this high flavored nut for home use1 in confections and baking and ice cream making1 will make a high demand for an improved and uniform meat such as can be produced with the grafted trees4 ,with the growing interest in natural foods1 and less animal meat1 ,i believe the demand will increase as our groves come into bearing4 ,in #aibf ,i hazarded a planting of #aej trees1 the next year ,i was steamed up to the place where ,i decided ,i should plant more1 and then each year following1 until my last planting this year1 gives me one thousand thrifty growing black walnuts1 mostly ,thomas variety which ,i think is the best from what ,i have observed in my own grove4 ,in planting ,i set the first ones #ej x #ej ft4 ,some thought it was too close but ,i couldn't see it4 ,the next planting ,i made #ej x #ej feet and then at the next planting ,i started to wake up after seeing how rapidly the first ones were growing1 and ,i decided to make them #fj x #fj feet4 ,the last planting ,i made this year #fj x #fj feet and ,i would advise #fj x #gj feet to any one who asks me how far apart to plant4 ,to me it seems queer just why more people don't plant them4 ,on the basis of #fj x #gj feet you could farm indefinitely1 with the tree crop coming on and even bearing for many years1 while you are contenting your heart growing annual crops to lose money on4 ,as to bearing1 two years ago ,i had the older planting and many of the younger trees loaded4 ,one five year ,thomas had about #djj nuts4 ,three to five year trees had #ej to #bej and #cjj nuts4 ,my crop that year was fourteen bushels which ,i sold for #ae;c per lb or #e4jj and #f4jj per bushel4 ,last year ,i didn't have so many but this year ,i first said ,i would have #ej bushels4 ,i'm starting to believe now ,i was a little high in my guess but many trees are nicely loaded4 ,now regarding cost of carrying the grove1 as ,i'm a sweet corn drier ,i have the most of my farm in corn4 ,i farmed the grove in corn the first five years and hardly missed the space used for trees4 ,i proved what ,i stated above that one can plant trees and keep on farming and hardly miss the tree space4 ,if planted #gj feet apart one can farm still more land4 ,in cultivating the corn the trees are cultivated1 which cuts down the extra cost of caring for them1 although of course one must cultivate them if he expects to have them grow and develop rapidly4 ,i now have my oldest trees in sod1 mostly weeds this year1 but ,i intend to sow it to grass4 ,i expect then to mow it early in ,june and use it for a mulch and then mow it maybe a couple of times more for looks sake and let the grass lie4 ,now another interesting point ,i want to present to the intending planter of a nut grove is the error of following the foolish advice given out by some of planting seedlings and then grafting them4 ,i say this not for the benefit of the nurserymen but for the financial benefit of the planter4 ,first1 the grafting of nut trees is a highly technical job and requires an enormous number of moves1 from the first thing of cutting the grafting wood at the proper time in the winter and carefully storing it1 until the cutting off of the stocks and knowing how long to let them bleed1 and then grafting at the proper time1 the proper shading of the graft1 sprouting1 staking1 and tying up of the rapidly growing graft until the end of the growing season1 so that the average man will have fallen down long before the season is over4 ,and even if he has the time to do this1 which the busy man hasn't1 it will take him several years to learn to graft4 ,by the time he has his legs run off over a period of five or seven years going from tree to tree set #fj or #gj feet apart doing more duties than he ever thought were needed1 he will have a spotty grove of trees from one year old to bearing age1 and then he will wake up and find that the first grafted ones are bearing so well1 that should he have bought grafted trees and set them all out at one time the crop would have paid for the complete planting and he would have saved the long agony of trying to get a grove started4 ,even then he might not have one started1 for grafting nut trees is a job every body does not seem able to grasp4 ,at the same time ,i feel that everybody who has a planting should learn the art of grafting4 ,the few nurserymen now growing grafted nut trees are very willing to teach you and it is nice to be able to turn the fence row seedlings into profitable trees1 it's nice to have the kick of feeling you can develop a wonderful tree with your own hand4 ,and again1 although ,i have had1 ,i would say #ie per cent of my planted trees to grow1 still here and there a top will die and suckers come up4 ,as the tree roots are established it's nice to be able to stick a graft on these and save waiting a year to replant them with nursery trees4 ,in closing ,i wish also to suggest that1 in making a large planting of black walnuts1 plant a few pecans1 hicans1 hickories and any other good trees recommended by the nurserymen4 ,they are all ornamental and bear fine nuts for home use and maybe local trade4 ,if any wish to ask questions ,i will attempt to answer them now4 ,and don't forget to come up to see my place on the bus tour tomorrow as ,i shall be very glad to welcome all and have you learn anything you can from what ,i have done and mistakes ,i have made4 ,please bear in mind that in every move we must remember that this is a new industry of the soil and1 although we believe it has a great future1 all groving procedure must be felt out and experimented with as we have no guide to go by1 just ideas1 and you can expect to make some mistakes4 ,but that is life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,president asked ,dr4 ,deming to speak of the death of ,mr4 ,bixby4 ,dr4 ,deming3 ,on ,august #afth not a single member of this association1 so far as ,i know1 was aware that ,mr4 ,bixby was even ill1 and yet on that day he was dead4 ,mrs4 ,bixby has written me an account of his illness and his life4 ,he had pneumonia in ,march from which he never fully recovered4 ,the cause of his death was not known until after his death4 ,i knew ,mr4 ,bixby very well and came to appreciate his very sterling qualities4 ,he was always willing to take any amount of trouble and spend any amount of money on his nut culture experiments4 ,i will now read ,mrs4 ,bixby's account of his life4 ,willard ,g4 ,bixby was born ,july #ac1 #ahfh at ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 the son of ,henry ,m4 and ,eliza 7,symonds7 ,bixby4 ,in #ahih1 he married ,genevieve ,cole who died in #aija4 ,he married second1 ,ida ,elise ,tieleke who survives him4 ,his early education was received in the public schools in ,salem and1 after graduation from high school1 he entered ,massachusetts ,institute of ,technology from which he was graduated in #ahhi with the degree of ,s4,b4 and the highest honors4 ,after receiving this degree1 he remained at the institute as an instructor in mechanical engineering1 later becoming associated with the ,pneumatic ,dynamite ,gun ,company of ,new ,york1 following which he became connected with the ,american ,bell ,telephone ,company of ,boston4 ,in #ahia1 he entered the employ of ,s4 ,m4 ,bixby and ,company1 manufacturers of shoe blacking4 ,the firm became involved financially in #ahie and until #ahih was conducted by a receiver4 ,mr4 ,bixby interested capitalists and organized a corporation to take over the business of the old company4 ,mr4 ,bixby was elected treasurer and held that position until #aiaa1 when he was chosen vice-president4 ,he paid special attention to the manufacturing department4 ,under the new management the company met modern trade conditions and the business which developed was one of the largest and most prosperous in this line in the country4 ,following the merging of the ,bixby firm with the makers of the #b in #a shoe polish1 ,mr4 ,bixby retired from that business1 and devoted his time to the propagation and cultivation of nut trees4 ,on his ,grand ,avenue property in ,baldwin1 where he resided1 he had gathered approximately #a1jjj trees of almost every variety from all over the world4 ,his experiments in grafting and in crossing varieties1 were subject of several articles in national magazines and newspapers4 ,one article1 under the title of ,growing ,timber for ,profit1 appeared in a recent issue of the ,american ,forests4 ,he was also interested in curly black walnut and birdseye maple woods4 ,his latest experiment on which he was working at the time of his death was rooting hazels from leaf cuttings1 and at this he was partly successful4 ,mr4 ,bixby was deeply interested in civic affairs4 ,he was a charter member of the ,baldwin ,united ,civic ,association1 trustee of the ,baldwin ,public ,library1 director of the ,baldwin ,savings and ,loan ,association1 former ,fire ,commissioner1 chairman of the ,baldwin ,lighting ,commission1 member of the ,methodist ,episcopal ,church in ,baldwin1 and organist of the ,men's ,bible ,class1 as well as a teacher of the ,sunday ,school4 ,mr4 ,bixby's conservative ,new ,england training made him a valuable worker for any cause he espoused4 ,he never sought honor and publicity1 rather preferring to do his share quietly and modestly4 ,besides his wife1 three children survive him1 ,willard ,f41 a student at the ,massachusetts ,institute of ,technology1 ,katherine ,e41 just recently graduated from the ,baldwin ,high ,school1 and ,ida ,t41 still at the ,baldwin ,high ,school4 ,the ,president3 ,i will also call on ,dr4 ,smith4 ,dr4 ,smith3 ,mr4 ,bixby had a great many fine qualities1 but first of all he had that great characteristic1 intelligent inquiry4 ,he had great persistency and great industry1 and a wide-awake mind4 ,now the average ,american has no interest in anything but his job and his own particular pleasures4 ,in other words1 he has no avocation4 ,we are here because we have the avocation of nut growing4 ,one of the most interested members of this association was ,mr4 ,bixby4 ,he had applied to it his great brain and statistical equipment4 ,he might have had a yacht or spent his money on race horses1 but instead of that he picked out something new4 ,it is a great pity that his life had to be snuffed out just when he was needed most4 ,he used his spare time in having a useful avocation4 ,on motion of ,prof4 ,neilson the organization expressed its appreciation of ,mr4 ,bixby by rising and standing one minute in tribute to his memory4 ,at the suggestion of ,mr4 ,reed the following night letter was sent to ,dr4 ,morris who has been confined to his home for a long time and has not been able to attend the conventions4 ,downingtown1 ,penn4 ,sept4 #aa1 #aicc ,dr4 ,robert ,t4 ,morris ,merribrooke ,farm ,stamford ,conn4 ,the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association in convention at ,downingtown1 ,pa41 sends you its affectionate greetings4 ,your long years of association with us and your priceless service to the association and to nut growing and the gracious charm of your presence have so endeared you to us that our meetings are quite incomplete without you4 ,we pray for your speedy restoration to health and return to our councils4 ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association ,the meeting was then adjourned to ,mr4 ,hershey's nursery and nut grove and the members and visitors were privileged to inspect his large stock of nut trees and plants and the specimen plantings1 some of which are very rare varieties4 ,a delicious supper was then served by ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,hershey on the lawn of the ,hershey home4 ,those present expressing their appreciation by a rising vote of thanks4 ,a ,black ,walnut ,grove and ,why ,by ,,dr4 ,f4 ,l4 ,,baum ,boyertown1 ,pennsylvania ,i will give you the why first4 ,early in #aibc1 we realized the need of a diversion1 something which would take us out into the open every day of the year and bring us closer to nature1 which would be a source of pleasure with prospects of a material return in the future when ,i wish to retire from the active practice of medicine4 ,after investigating several projects1 we finally decided that a black walnut grove would best meet our needs4 ,in the ,december issue1 #aibe1 of the ,american ,nut ,journal1 ,i read ,eventually1 why not now8 ,in that article1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage said3 ,the time will come when the northern states will produce big groves of nut trees4 ,the ,journal's comment was ,what are we waiting for8 ,i too wondered because1 long before the trees had leaves1 ,i had visions of them bearing to the extent of breaking the limbs from the weight of nuts4 ,when this picture was taken1 ,i asked myself this question1 ,was it a venture of fools rushing in where angels fear to tread8 ,also ,i began to think that the quotations in the article ,i read were sales propaganda put forth by high-pressure salesmen4 ,encouragements came later when we discovered thirteen nuts on this tree and when my grafts grew on seedlings4 ,about this time pests came such as caterpillars1 rose chafers1 leaf hoppers1 bud worms and1 now my worst enemy1 a borer which ,i believe is a cherry tree borer4 ,i have placed a section of a tree on the table which was attacked by this insect4 ,the question has been asked if it were not a blight canker which killed this tree4 ,when ,i noticed the tree in distress the leaves were drooping and the bark was intact and smooth1 with a wet spot the size of a pin point about three feet above the ground4 ,a stab wound revealed the bark loose and full of holes which extended into the sapwood4 ,all of our trees have been treated for the destruction of this pest4 ,next ,spring they will receive a second treatment4 ,by this method we will overcome our difficulty4 ,in ,july of this year my men who were picking caterpillars came with this information1 ,there is no necessity for hunting caterpillars as there is a fly stinging them4 ,the insect1 the size of a wasp1 is part black and part yellow4 ,in the evening they said that if some of the trees in the backfield were not propped1 they would break down due to the pressure of so many nuts on them4 7,lantern slide pictures of individual trees were then shown and described by ,dr4 ,baum47 ,the vision ,i had a few years ago is becoming a reality4 ,i now wonder if it might not have been a case of angels rushing in and other fellows staying out4 ,we may conclude ,now1 not eventually4 ,question3 ,do caterpillars give you any trouble8 ,dr4 ,baum3 ,yes1 they give me considerable trouble4 ,i sprayed this year with arsenate of lead4 ,for a few years ,i burned them off but last year ,i sprayed4 ,question3 ,do seedlings come up8 ,dr4 ,baum3 ,a few1 ,i mow them down4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,smith3 ,i want to talk to you about the possibility of making some small cash contributions next summer for a nut contest4 ,we have not had any contributions for a nut contest for some time and it is the only way we can get any new varieties4 ,i would like to start this nut contest next ,september4 ,it will be necessary to get a lot of people interested and a lot of publicity in the newspapers4 ,we could give a first prize of #be4jj1 some #e4jj and some #c4jj prizes4 ,it means we would have to have #fj4jj or #ge4jj4 ,perhaps we can make a more definite call next ,september4 ,dr4 ,theiss3 ,i would like to get any information that is available on the pollinization of filberts4 ,the difficulty seems to be in getting pollinators4 ,the ,president3 ,there is full information on that subject in the bulletin issued of ,prof4 ,slate of the ,geneva ,experiment ,station4 ,prof4 ,slate1 what can you tell us about it8 ,have you any information other than what was published in that bulletin8 ,prof4 ,slate3 ,we have this difficulty1 that the pollen bearing catkins seem to ripen very early and then the first cold snap freezes them4 ,dr4 ,smith3 ,i would like to know something about the market for shagbarks and if the market is for cracked nuts4 ,the ,president3 ,there is a very small market for them in ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,is there any information about hickory nuts8 ,prof4 ,neilson3 ,hickory nuts frequently sell for about #aj;c a pound1 sometimes as low as three pounds for a quarter4 ,after the discussion closed three telegrams were read1 from the ,kellogg ,hotel1 ,the ,agard ,hotel and ,the ,chamber of ,commerce of ,battle ,creek1 ,mich4 inviting the association to hold its next meeting in that city4 ,a motion was unanimously adopted to hold the next convention there ,september #ajth and #aath1 #aicd4 ,motion was made to give ,mr4 ,z4 ,h4 ,ellis a life membership in return for his contribution of #ej4jj4 ,the motion carried4 ,miss ,sawyer3 ,is the mollissima chestnut blight proof8 ,the ,president3 ,i should like to have ,dr4 ,smith answer that question4 ,dr4 ,smith3 ,the mollissima chestnut came from ,china where it has been exposed to the blight for ages4 ,it is blight resistant but not blight proof4 ,an occasional tree gets the blight and dies2 an occasional tree gets the blight and recovers4 ,it is the opinion of ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,gravatt1 of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture1 that the physical prosperity of the tree has much to do with its ability to throw off this disease4 ,for example1 some of the trees at ,bell1 ,maryland1 got to be a foot in diameter and bore crops1 without any sign of blight until the terrible drought year of #aicj when some of them developed blight and then later recovered from it4 ,i think mollissima chestnuts are less likely to die than cherries or peaches1 and probably less likely than apples4 ,while the subject of blight resistance in chestnuts is up1 ,i should like to call attention to the fact that there are many ,japanese chestnuts in the eastern part of the ,united ,states that have survived the blight4 ,some of them bear good nuts1 very good nuts1 although most of the ,japanese have a properly bad reputation for flavor4 ,doubtless an experimenter has a chance of producing something very valuable by breeding from the best blight resistant ,japanese chestnuts now surviving in the eastern ,united ,states4 ,green ,shoot ,grafting of ,trees ,by ,,robert ,t4 ,,morris1 ,m4 ,d4 ,new ,york ,in the course of experimental work with trees ,i grafted scions of several species and varieties into stocks of their respective genera at times of the year when grafting is not commonly done4 ,scions were taken directly from one tree and placed at once in another tree4 ,to this method ,i gave the name of immediate grafting in order to distinguish it from grafting with stored scions which might be called mediate grafting indicating the intermediate step of storage4 ,immediate grafting was successful in mid-winter in ,connecticut but ,i had no thought of making it a practical feature of our work beyond the recording of a research fact4 ,immediate grafting was successful in mid-summer in ,connecticut4 ,the procedure was very different from that of winter grafting4 ,in summer the new green growth of the year was cut away completely from a scion and the remaining wood of one or more previous year's growth was depended upon for sending out shoots from latent buds4 ,that is what happens after accidents to limbs or to trunks of trees and it occurred in the same way with my scions4 ,furthermore1 it seemed to offer new hope for the propagation of walnuts1 maples1 and grapes1 for example1 because the free flowing sap of such species in the spring and early summer has led to attacks upon the sap by bacteria and fungi which ruin repair cells4 ,i have already published elsewhere the statement that immediate grafting may be done in the way described in any month of the year with many kinds of plants4 ,exceptions to this rule will doubtless appear here and there4 ,for example1 the grafting of trees in ,august would not be safe in ,connecticut because the new young shoots would be killed by ,september frosts4 ,that is the reason for ,august cutting of brush by farmers4 ,the tender new shoots that are sent out from latent stump buds become frosted and the entire plant may die4 ,on account of an illness that had kept me confined to the house most of the time for some months1 ,i had allowed the spring grafting season to pass this year4 ,stored scions of many kinds lay under a heap of leaves at the rear of my garage4 ,the drying-out process had been intensified by an employee who made a spring clean-up of the yard and who looked upon this heap of leaves as something upon which creditable showing for his work might be made4 ,a month or so later ,i kicked over the few remaining broken remnants of scions for no reason in particular4 ,down near the ground ,i observed that two hybrid chestnut scions which had been trampled into the ground had retained some moisture4 ,each one had sent out a pale canary-colored shoot of the sort with which we are painfully familiar4 ,the shoot on one scion was about an inch and a third in length with well-formed unfolding sickly yellow leaves4 ,the other scion had a shoot of the same kind but only about one-third of an inch in length and with yellow leaves barely out of bud-bursting form4 ,it occurred to me that my old method of waxing the entire scion1 leaves and all in this case1 might be done as an experiment in order to see how long these greatly started shoots would hold up if desiccation was prevented and always with the possibility of a surprise4 ,some years ago ,i had waxed some hazel scions from the ,west that had burst their buds and they all grew but the test was by no means so severe as it was with these yellow chestnut upstarts4 ,the rule of discarding scions that are not wholly dormant was about to be rudely broken2 waxing changed the whole situation4 ,a miser does not scrutinize his treasure more acutely than we horticulturists do when getting out scions that have been stored during the winter and the voice of ,demeter is calling us to the side of our own wards4 ,how sadly a million nurserymen have thrown away a billion started scions of valuable kinds4 ,my two chestnut scions had gone far beyond the hopeless stage but now perhaps ,i could be a doctor to them4 ,if my two canary birds could be made to sing then would ,i also sing4 ,they were dipped in a dish of melted parafin wax for an instant and then quickly shaken in the air before scorching could occur4 ,the scions were then grafted into a small chinquapin stock4 ,a few days later one of the larger leaves of the larger shoot had cleared itself from the wax coating and had begun to expand widely1 turning to a natural green color4 ,the stem of the shoot turned to a normal brownish red4 ,two tiny shoots then broke through the wax of the larger shoot1 looking like axillary bud shoots until closer examination showed them to be scale bud shoots4 ,that should interest plant physiologists4 ,eventually the cramped leaves remaining under wax coating that was unnecessarily dense finally dropped away useless4 ,the single green leaf and the two scale bud shoots went on to natural development4 ,the smaller shoot of the other scion managed to burst through the wax completely and made normal growth4 ,after these scions were well under way ,i went out and searched in the loose dirt and leaves of the old heap and found another hybrid chestnut scion that presented the allusive emblem of a canary bird4 ,this one had a shoot of about half of one inch in length and it burst completely through the wax1 to make a fine little twig4 ,so much for an experiment that led immediately to one of far greater importance4 ,if canary bird shoots could be made to break rules of horticultural theory and of recorded fact perhaps we might note the principle and apply it to the experimental grafting of green shoots of the year in tree propagation4 ,this is what lawyers might call a non sequitur4 ,such grafting had always been a failure so far as ,i knew1 and certainly my own attempts had failed in former years4 ,grafting of new growth of the year upon new growth of the year in the growing season is an established feature of horticultural experiment with certain annual plants4 ,why had it so signally failed with perennial plants and most impressively with trees8 ,doubtless plants produce in their leaves a hormone which directs certain enzymes that conduct wound repair by cell division4 ,if plants which do not lignify for winter manage to direct successful wound repair after grafting and if plants which do lignify for winter do not conduct successful repair of grafted new growth it occurred to me in a speculative way that the reason might perhaps be sought in the nature of the two different kinds of hormones or of enzymes belonging to annuals and to perennials respectively4 ,the difference might possibly depend upon the arrangement of ions1 anions and cations upon two sides of the permeable membrane of a repair cell4 ,the cell is an electrolyte and therefore division of the cell in course of preparation for multiplication might perhaps depend upon an electric impulse so delicately in balance that ,nature for some cryptic reason might prefer not to allow the necessary balance to go toward cell division in grafts consisting of green growth of the year in perennials4 ,perhaps ,i might defeat natural processes by leaving a leaf or part of one at the distal part of a green graft shoot4 ,this leaf might perhaps elaborate the necessary hormones or enzymes for wound repair purposes--and also for conducting polarity of sap movement toward maintenance of that scion and leaf4 ,we need not speculate further upon the philosophy of the subject because ,i took it up at this point for pragmatic tests experimentally4 ,the horticulturist does not have to go to the theatre for thrills4 ,my advance report at this moment comes at a time when a scientist would demand more works along with faith and my only reason for presenting incomplete notes at this time is that they seem to be fascinating in their outlook and no one knows how much experiment may be permitted me for next year at ,merribrooke4 ,the summer was well along when my canary bird shoots opened a vista4 ,the vista appeared at a time of drought when plant propagators wait for better days4 ,it seemed to be necessary to get in a part of the work at least on ,july #bhth and we then had the drought intensified by five more days of great heat1 temperatures ranged above #ij degrees ,f4 in the shade and above #adj degrees ,f4 in the sun4 ,after this period of heat and drought we had abundant rains4 ,all grafts were wax treated in these experiments4 ,in no case was an entire leaf left at the distal end of a graft because it was felt that even one-fourth of one leaf would attend to the required functions4 ,exp4 ,no4 #a4 ,a growing persimmon shoot about two feet long was cut up into scions with a few buds each1 and about one-fourth of a leaf allowed to remain at the distal end of each scion1 other leaves on each scion being snipped off4 ,each scion including its remnant of leaf was dipped in melted parapin wax4 ,two of these were grafted upon green shoots of another persimmon1 the latter cut back to make stubs for reception of cleft grafts4 ,three of the scions were inserted in bark slots in older wood4 ,note1 ,sept4 #ith1 ,green leaf part including its petiole had dropped off from all five scions4 ,a small slit in the bark of each graft for investigation showed that the cambium was green in four grafts1 the fifth graft was completely dead4 ,exp4 ,no4 #b4 ,on ,july #bhth three persimmon scions consisting of last year's wood and each one carrying a couple of inches of new growth with a terminal trimmed leaf were grafted into last year's wood on another persimmon tree4 ,note4 ,sept4 #ith4 ,all three grafts dead including both old and new wood4 ,exp4 ,no4 #c4 ,july #bhth4 ,one green persimmon scion with terminal leaf inserted in bark slot of branch one inch in diameter cut back for purpose4 ,note ,sept4 #ith4 ,dead4 ,on ,august #bnd the drought had been broken4 ,all trees seemed to have put up top buds on account of drought and heat4 ,the following experiments were made with green growth of the year but with new top buds much to my regret at having no actively unfolding shoots for furnishing scions4 ,exp4 ,no4 #d4 ,aug #bnd4 ,persimmon tree 7a7 ,one graft1 green on green2 one green graft on old wood4 ,note4 ,sept4 #ith4 ,terminal leaves remained green several days after grafting but by ,sept4 #ith all had fallen off4 ,small slit in bark showed cambium of grafts still green4 ,persimmon tree 7b7 ,two green grafts on green4 ,one green graft in bark slot of older wood4 ,note ,sept4 #ith4 ,terminal leaves had finally died but two of the buds of green graft on green have burst forth into leaf4 ,these will probably winterkill4 ,green in old wood has green cambium but no swelling bud4 ,exp4 ,no4 #e ,aug #bnd4 ,persimmon tree 7c7 ,one green on old wood4 ,sept4 #ith4 ,leaf dead1 cambium of stem green4 ,exp4 ,no4 #f4 ,aug #bnd4 ,persimmon tree 7d7 ,one green on old wood4 ,sept4 #ith4 ,leaf dead1 cambium of stem green4 ,exp4 ,no4 #g4 ,aug4 #bnd4 ,persimmon tree 7e7 ,three greens on old wood4 ,sept4 #ith4 ,leaves dead1 one stem dead1 cambium of two stems green4 ,exp4 ,no4 #h4 ,aug4 #bnd4 ,papaw tree4 ,two greens on green1 two greens on old wood4 ,sept4 #ith4 ,two greens on green have buds enlarged and ready to burst4 ,one green on old wood is not enlarging its buds4 ,one green on old wood is dead4 ,exp4 ,no4 #i4 ,aug4 #bnd4 ,english walnut4 ,four greens on green4 ,sept4 #ith4 ,leaflets dead on all4 ,petiole dead on one1 stem cambium green4 ,petioles bright green on three and the cambium green on these4 ,comment4 ,i could not take daily notes which would have been very important4 ,a general statement will cover the point that the terminal leaf on a scion seldom died until it had functioned for at least a week4 ,some of them functioned for more than two weeks and one of them for at least four weeks1 failing only a day or two ago4 ,this would seem to mean that the terminal leaves in scions conducted or helped to conduct repair in green graft wounds to a point where buds are now bursting on two persimmon scions4 ,two pawpaw scions have enlarged buds to the point of bursting4 ,the terminal leaves on scions seemed to conduct repair up to a point where lignifying for the winter is now going on4 ,this cannot be determined until winter passes but ,i have never obtained anything like this effect until experimenting with the terminal leaf theory for the first time this year4 ,the most striking effect so far as appearance goes is with the ,english walnut grafts with their bright green stems4 ,if ,i may have opportunity for conducting experiments next summer ,i shall begin earlier by pinching off the buds of growing shoots1 giving them a week of rest and then cutting these shoots up into scions4 ,if buds then start off like those of two persimmons and two papaws they will have time for lignifying4 ,my whole lesson of this season would seem to mean that after properly checked experiments we may perhaps add what ,i call green grafting to the other form of immediate grafting4 ,the practical feature of this whole new phase in grafting method is an extension of the grafting season to include every month of the year4 ,scion grafting of perennials in the latitude and longitude of ,connecticut had formerly been confined to about two month's in the farmer's rush season1 and with general failure in the grafting of some species which may now be grafted successfully4 99 99 99 99 99 ,letter from ,prof4 ,colby ,agricultural ,experiment ,station ,urbana1 ,illinois ,i regret very much indeed that ,i cannot attend the meeting of the ,nut ,growers ,association this year4 ,this letter bears my very best wishes and hopes for a successful meeting4 ,we shall miss ,mr4 ,bixby's pleasing and helpful personality4 ,some time ago ,i promised to give you a report on some of our activities here and if you think it is worth while1 ,i would appreciate your reading it to the group4 ,there is an increasing interest in nut culture in ,illinois4 ,wholly aside from the commercial aspects which have been so profitably developed in southern ,illinois is a project of recent development1 one in ,extension work in top working seedling walnuts and pecans with improved varieties4 ,this project is sponsored by the ,department of ,horticulture1 ,university of ,illinois1 and the ,extension ,forester of the ,state ,natural ,history ,survey1 with the cooperation of the ,county ,farm ,advisers4 ,last fall in ,gallatin ,county native pecans of the best grades sold for #ah cents per pound on the market1 while the average tree run stock was bringing six cents4 ,with a native pecan crop from one county in ,illinois1 more or less ungraded1 selling for #ajj1jjj in a recent year1 thinking horticulturists in the state are beginning to feel that there are potential profits in nut culture where better varieties are planted or top worked4 ,seedling trees for top working are already growing in abundance in many sections of the state with an ideal climate and soil for northern nut production4 ,last year seven counties in ,illinois carried on the top working project4 ,this year approximately three times that number have been enrolled4 ,in addition1 groups from neighboring counties have been present at the demonstrations4 ,growers from ,iowa and ,indiana have also attended4 ,the total attendance has run into the hundreds1 both men and women1 most of them actual growers4 ,all the meetings are held out of doors in the orchard or nursery and the group is instructed in the propagation of nut trees through grafting and budding4 ,nut growers of the immediate locality are glad to assist with the work4 ,after the discussion and demonstration1 all present are invited to learn how to do the work by actual participation and many become sufficiently skilled to top work their own trees upon their return home4 ,possibilities of this type of extension work are almost unlimited4 99 99 99 99 99 ,letter from ,j4 ,u4 ,gellatly ,i enclose a short chart or graph of the flowering habits of some of my leading walnut trees4 ,i started in #aicj to keep a record of some of the trees and have added a number since till this year when ,i kept a record of #ag different trees4 ,the ones shown cover the full time from ,may #abth to ,june #beth4 ,some new ideas in budding procedure that may be of value and interest ,i also include herein that others may test them out as ,i am doing4 ,but even if they fail with me it will not prove that they have no value1 for the generally approved methods have failed to give commercial results here4 ,my main idea was to try to find a new system of handling the budding operations that would give more definite results and if possible to eliminate the use of a wax melter and the waxing of buds4 ,my first trial consisted in the use of florist's tin foil4 ,cutting bud from bud stick with my new style bud cutter1 ,i cut out the patch from stalk and placed bud in place and with two or three turns of raffia1 or rubber bands1 secured bud in place1 then put #b wraps of tinfoil around the bud and stalk extending from one inch below to one inch above bud1 then with hand pressed tinfoil tightly to shape of bud and stalk1 then completely wrapped with raffia and tied securely4 ,this makes a neat job and is pleasant and convenient to work with4 ,i have today examined some buds so treated and put on the #acth of ,august and they appear to be in prime shape1 no apparent flooding or souring of the bud patch4 ,as this tin foil cost me #be;c per pound1 ,i had a happy thought of using cellophane which is much cheaper and is equally easy to use1 on the whole1 as the tinfoil as1 while it is in the first operation of actually applying to stalk not just as easily put on1 it has an important advantage that offsets this1 which is the ease with which one can see that the bud is in the exact place1 while the tying is taking place4 ,my present method of using the cellophane is to apply a double wrapping of cellophane directly over the bud then to securely wrap from one-half inch below bud to one-half inch above bud4 ,this makes a good air and moisture proof job4 ,experience may modify or eliminate some parts of this procedure1 and it is with this in view that ,i pass this on that others may take it up and work out the best procedure from a wider experience than one can give4 ,from my experience ,i would suggest that if one is marking or cutting the patch on the stalk #h or #aj days ahead of placing the bud thereon1 that one be very careful not to cut too deeply as a large percentage of those ,i so cut were so badly discolored that ,i had to cut a new place when placing the bud1 as those done #aj days previous showed a one-eighth inch dead and discolored portion around the cut that extend one-sixteenth inch into the trunk of the tree1 and no union could possibly take place on such a spoiled cambium surface4 ,bus ,tour ,september #abth ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,hershey ,downington1 ,pennsylvania ,leaving the ,hotel ,swan at #h3de ,a4,m4 with a bus load and #h cars the tour proceeded to ,dr4 ,truman ,w4 ,jones' grove of #hjj trees1 #d and #f years old1 #f miles west of ,coatesville on the ,lincoln ,highway4 ,dr4 ,jones has continually farmed his land which has helped greatly to carry the planting4 ,the next stop was at the nursery of the late ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 now operated by his daughter ,mildred1 south of ,lancaster4 ,here we saw the interesting test orchard of ,english walnuts1 pecans and black walnuts4 ,most interesting was the test block of hybrid filbert-hazels started by ,mr4 ,jones some years ago4 ,the next stop was at ,c4 ,f4 ,hostetter's #a1jjj tree grove at ,bird-in-,hand1 east of ,lancaster1 where we saw what ,mr4 ,hostetter told about in his paper yesterday4 ,his trees all looked nice and many trees were well loaded with nuts4 ,next stop was at ,l4 ,k4 ,hostetter's grove of #hjj trees near ,oregon4 ,here very interesting observations were made in tree and grove procedure4 ,part of the grove is now in blue grass and sheep1 making a very beautiful setting4 ,part is interplanted with locust trees1 the idea being to feed the ground with a legume tree and get something in return from the wood4 ,as the locusts crowd the walnuts they will be cut4 ,demonstrations were given in hulling walnuts with a ,ford car which was done by jacking up one rear wheel4 ,a trough is inserted under the wheel lined with a piece of truck tire4 ,a mud chain is put on the wheel and as the wheel revolves1 nuts are poured in via a metal chute and the nuts fly out the other end very well hulled4 ,the jack is used to adjust the wheel to different sizes of nuts4 ,lem's next eye-opener was a brand new method of separating the hulls from the nuts4 ,two #b-;inch pipes are laid on an incline the thickness of a walnut hull1 about a half inch1 apart4 ,the pipes revolve and the hulls and nuts are poured on at the top4 ,as they roll down the incline1 and the rolls revolve1 the hulls are caught by the rolls or pipes and pulled through the crack between them4 ,a most remarkable and simple method solving one of the major problems in commercial walnut growing4 ,the last stop was made at ,dr4 ,frank ,baum's grove at ,yellow ,house1 #h miles east of ,reading on the ,boyertown highway4 ,here luncheon was served by ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,baum1 the outstanding feature being walnut ice cream and walnut kisses4 ,after the luncheon at ,dr4 ,baum's the following business was transacted3 ,dr4 ,deming1 ,chairman ,nominating ,committee1 presented the following nominations3 ,president ,frank ,h4 ,frey ,vice-,president ,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,zimmerman ,secretary ,george ,l4 ,slate ,treasurer ,newton ,h4 ,russell ,on motion duly made and carried these officers were elected by acclamation4 ,motion was made1 seconded and carried that the annual dues be #b4jj same not to include a subscription to our official journal the ,national ,nut ,news4 ,motion by ,mr4 ,reed was seconded and carried that where the member wished to do so one check could be submitted to our treasurer to cover both dues and subscription to the official journal and the treasurer will remit the subscription to the ,national ,nut ,news4 ,mr4 ,reed then explained for the benefit of those present the arrangement whereby our association is affiliated with the ,american ,horticultural ,society and by maintaining its membership in that society each member of our association may secure a membership in the ,american ,horticultural ,society on payment of #b4jj dues per annum instead of the customary dues of #c4jj4 ,each member of the society receives the ,national ,horticultural ,magazine of which ,mr4 ,reed is the nut editor4 ,the magazine is issued quarterly1 at present1 and it is the intention to have one or more articles on nut trees in each issue4 ,on motion by ,dr4 ,smith1 duly seconded and carried the board of directors are required to authorize a budget of expenditures for each year and this was fixed at #cej4jj for expenses for year ending ,september #ajth1 #aicd4 ,the ,president to advise the officers each year of the sums appropriated for certain expenses4 ,on motion by ,mr4 ,russell1 seconded by ,dr4 ,weber and carried1 article two of the by-laws was revised to cover the proper dues for various memberships and will be so recorded in the by-laws on page #i4 ,on motion by ,mr4 ,hershey1 seconded by ,dr4 ,weber and carried it was agreed that five copies of each annual bulletin be mailed by the secretary or the person in charge of printing the bulletin to each officer for distribution as he sees fit2 and that one copy of the bulletin be sent gratis to each non-member who participates in the program at our annual conventions4 ,a rising vote of thanks was given ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,baum for the delectable luncheon served by them4 ,an inspection was then made of ,dr4 ,baum's #a1bjj tree grove4 ,many trees were loaded and all looking good4 ,here two cultural problems were discussed4 ,relative to the walnut blight1 he showed us one tree that was afflicted near the ground and he started to mound soil around it4 ,after three years of increasing the mound it is now #b-a_/b feet high and the tree is thriving and bearing1 with every indication that it has overcome the disease4 ,opinion was expressed that it threw out new roots above the wound to save itself4 ,the experiment is of immense value to orchard procedure4 ,in observing a few of such trees opinion was expressed that in walnut orcharding1 as in fruit orcharding1 there will be a few trees that will have to be replaced the first few years and is something not to be worried about4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,zimmerman said1 ,why worry about the blight8 ,the wild ones have always had it to a small extent4 ,spread is so slow it isn't perceptible1 damage being almost nil1 so let's forget it4 ,banquet ,tuesday ,evening ,september #abth ,the convention closed with a banquet held in the private dining room of the ,swan ,hotel4 ,on request of the ,president ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,hershey introduced the speakers of the evening4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,paul ,musselman spoke briefly and was followed by the after-dinner speaker1 ,mr4 ,al ,bergstrom1 ,superintendent of ,police of ,coatesville1 ,pa4 ,his subject was ,nuts--,i ,crack ,them as ,you ,like ,them1 and with many interesting jokes and humorous stories he portrayed an interesting picture of the many problems that have to be met and solved by police officers4 ,each one privileged to hear this forceful speaker was deeply impressed with the responsibility that goes with citizenship4 ,business ,session ,the ,president3 ,we will now hear the report of the committee on ,hybrids and ,promising ,seedlings4 ,dr4 ,zimmerman1 ,chairman1 gave an oral report calling attention to some of the more important hybrids and new seedlings described by other members during the sessions of the convention and concluded by stating that the most important step in testing hybrids was to have interested people plant a number of promising hybrids of hickories and black walnuts and keep accurate records of these seedlings 7second generation hybrids74 ,there was some discussion as to whether the ,norton was a pure pecan or a hybrid4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed stated he had seen the parent tree himself and believed it to be a pure pecan4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hershey stated that he believed it to be a hican1 basing his opinion in part on its showing hybridity as it is such a strong grower4 ,he said he had a number of ,norton trees in the nursery and would be glad to sell them at a nominal price to those who would be interested in testing them further4 ,the ,president3 ,we will now have the report of the resolutions committee4 ,report of the ,resolutions ,committee ,be it ,resolved3 ,that we express our appreciation of the generosity and public spirit of ,mr4 ,w4 ,k4 ,kellogg in making possible one of the largest experimental projects in nut culture in the northern ,united ,states4 ,that we express our sincere thanks to ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,hershey and ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,baum for the delicious luncheons served our members and guests4 ,that we express our sincere thanks to the ,swan ,hotel management and to the citizens and business men of ,downingtown for accommodations and services rendered3 to the program committee and committee on local arrangements for the very complete plans and their efficient execution2 to the speakers who have taken part in the program2 to the exhibitors and to the officers and members who have provided a most interesting and educational program and to ,messrs4 ,hershey1 ,l4 ,k4 ,hostetter1 ,c4 ,f4 ,hostetter1 the ,jones ,nurseries and ,drs4 ,baum and ,jones for the privilege of inspecting their nut tree plantings4 ,and we again express our regrets that ,dr4 ,morris could not be with us and trust his health will improve4 ,that we express our sincere thanks to ,mr4 ,o4 ,c4 ,lightner for the efficient manner in which articles and papers submitted by our members were published in our official journal1 the ,,national ,,nut ,,news1 and for the excellent printing of our annual report4 ,we wish to express our deep sorrow over the loss of our faithful member1 ,past ,president and ,secretary1 ,mr4 ,willard ,g4 ,bixby whose passing was so touchingly referred to in our business meeting4 ,resolutions ,committee1 ,prof4 ,james ,a4 ,neilson1 ,chairman ,dr4 ,harry ,r4 ,weber ,frank ,h4 ,frey ,a motion was made and seconded to accept the report of the ,resolutions ,committee4 7,carried unanimously47 ,professor ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,intyre of the ,pennsylvania ,state ,forestry ,service was then called upon and discussed the black walnut as a timber tree4 ,he called attention to the fact that the black locust is a legume of high value and acts as a stimulant to the growth of other trees and are themselves excellent for use later as fence posts4 ,in considering the relative value of various nut trees as shade trees he stressed the fact that the time of leafing out in the spring and the dropping of the leaves in the fall are important factors4 ,motion was carried that the board of directors should formulate requirements for ,honorary membership and have a proposition ready for discussion at the #aicd convention4 ,list of officers and committee members was then read4 ,same are recorded on pages #c and #d4 ,the ,president3 ,attention is called to the fact that the annual dues are now only #b4jj and surely there are a large number of people interested in nut tree growing who will wish to join our association4 ,i am sure each member will wish to subscribe for our official journal1 the ,,national ,,nut ,,news1 the subscription price of which is only #a4jj per year 7in the ,united ,states7 and remittance may be made through our ,treasurer or direct to the ,news at #bhaj ,south ,michigan ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,those who desire to secure budded or grafted nut bearing trees will have their orders given proper attention by any of the following who are members of our association3 ,w4 ,r4 ,fickes1 ,route #g1 ,wooster1 ,ohio4 ,gerardi ,nurseries1 ,o',fallon1 ,ill4 ,john ,w4 ,hershey1 ,downingtown1 ,pa4 ,indiana ,nut ,nursery 7,j4 ,w4 ,wilkinson1 ,prop471 ,rockport1 ,ind4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,nurseries1 ,box ,n4 #cef1 ,lancaster1 ,pa4 ,michigan ,nut ,nursery 7,h4 ,burgart71 ,rt4 #b1 ,union ,city1 ,mich4 ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl ,farm and ,nursery1 ,godfrey1 ,ill4 ,snyder ,bros41 ,inc41 ,center ,point1 ,iowa4 ,sunny ,ridge ,nursery 7,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith71 ,round ,hill1 ,va4 ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby ,nursery1 #cb ,grand ,ave41 ,baldwin1 ,n4 ,y4 ,j4 ,u4 ,gellatly1 ,west ,bank1 ,b4 ,c41 ,canada4 ,the ,living ,tree ,guild1 #dfh ,fourth ,ave41 ,new ,york4 ,the latter has distributed a great deal of information on northern nut culture and ,i think a paper at our next convention outlining its work and accomplishments would be most valuable4 ,each one present is cordially invited to attend our convention next year1 ,september #aj and #aa1 #aicd at ,battle ,creek1 ,michigan4 ,as there is no further business1 this the #bdth ,annual ,convention of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association will be adjourned4 ,the ,convention adjourned at #i3jj ,p4,m4 ,,exhibits ,by ,clermont ,co41 ,ohio ,hill hickories4 ,by ,dr4 ,deming ,metal tree labels4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,dunlap ,japanese walnut4 ,heartnut butternut cross4 ,seedling ,english walnut4 ,by ,f4 ,h4 ,frey ,black walnuts3 ,hillabolt1 from ,mrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,freel1 ,pleasantville1 ,ia4 ,marion1 from ,mrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,freel1 ,pleasantville1 ,ia4 ,metcalf1 from ,mrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,freel1 ,pleasantville1 ,ia4 ,wheeling1 from ,mrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,freel1 ,pleasantville1 ,ia4 ,worthington1 from ,mrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,freel1 ,pleasantville1 ,ia4 ,kettler1 from ,fred ,kettler1 ,plattesville1 ,wisc4 ,oklahoma ,seedling 7,j4 ,rupestris1 pp4 #fj #aicb report74 ,rohwer1 from ,j4 ,rohwer1 ,grundy ,center1 ,ia4 ,grundy1 from ,j4 ,rohwer1 ,grundy ,center1 ,ia4 ,stabler 7one lobe71 from ,o4 ,h4 ,casper1 ,anna1 ,ill4 ,sample package of new method selling black walnuts1 sliced shell and meats together4 ,mat made of cross sections of black walnuts fastened together with copper wire4 ,by ,j4 ,u4 ,gellatly ,leaf tracing of bitternut ,english walnut hybrid4 ,by ,samuel ,graham ,collection of black walnuts and hickory nuts from ,ithaca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,hershey ,little ,giant nut cracker4 ,little ,giant walnut huller4 ,by ,john ,w4 ,hershey ,collection of black walnuts1 hickory nuts and pecans4 ,one ,thomas black walnut tree four feet tall1 one year from graft bearing a ,thomas walnut4 ,john ,w4 ,hershey nut cracker4 ,by ,l4 ,k4 ,hostetter ,monterey black walnut4 ,by ,f4 ,f4 ,jones ,nurseries ,ohio black walnut4 ,thomas black walnut4 ,ten ,eyck black walnut4 ,pleas hicans4 ,buchanan filberts4 ,jones hybrid hazels and filberts4 ,alpine ,english walnuts4 ,hall ,english walnuts4 ,wiltz-mayette ,english walnuts4 ,by ,h4 ,f4 ,stoke ,homeland black walnut4 ,exhibit of commercial #b-lb4 package of black walnut kernels4 ,by ,harry ,r4 ,weber ,weber walnut4 ,by ,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,zimmerman ,collection of nuts4 ,,attendance--#aicc ,,convention ,mrs4 ,laura ,woodward ,abbott1 ,r4 ,d4 ,no4 #b1 ,bristol1 ,pa4 ,john ,alcorn1 ,paoli1 ,pa4 ,dr4 ,frank ,l4 ,baum1 ,boyertown1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,frank ,l4 ,baum1 ,boyertown1 ,pa4 ,miss ,dorothy ,baum1 ,boyertown1 ,pa4 ,h4 ,k4 ,beard1 ,schaefferstown1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,k4 ,beard1 ,schaefferstown1 ,pa4 ,miss ,elizabeth ,beitler1 ,downingtown1 ,pa4 ,al4 ,bergstrom1 ,coatesville1 ,pa4 ,carl ,p4 ,birkinbine1 ,cynwyd1 ,pa4 ,a4 ,r4 ,buckwalter1 ,flemington1 ,n4 ,j4 ,g4 ,y4 ,clement1 ,west ,chester1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,g4 ,y4 ,clement1 ,west ,chester1 ,pa4 ,oliver ,croshaw1 ,hightstown1 ,pa4 ,elroy ,curtis1 ,brookfield1 ,conn4 ,wm4 ,curtis1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,deming1 #ca ,owen ,st41 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,milton ,dull1 ,schaefferstown1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,milton ,dull1 ,schaefferstown1 ,pa4 ,c4 ,e4 ,endy1 ,yellow ,house1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,e4 ,endy1 ,yellow ,house1 ,pa4 ,prof4 ,f4 ,n4 ,fagan1 ,state ,college1 ,pa4 ,frank ,h4 ,frey1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,joseph ,b4 ,gable1 ,stewartstown1 ,pa4 ,s4 ,h4 ,graham1 ,ithaca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,paul ,w4 ,hafer1 ,lorane1 ,pa4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hartman1 ,sligo1 ,pa4 ,dr4 ,julian ,t4 ,hammond1 ,newtown1 ,pa4 ,john ,k4 ,hershey1 ,ronks1 ,pa4 ,j4 ,r4 ,hershey1 ,kinzers1 ,pa4 ,john ,w4 ,hershey1 ,downingtown1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,john ,w4 ,hershey1 ,downingtown1 ,pa4 ,c4 ,f4 ,hostetter1 ,bird-in-,hand1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,f4 ,hostetter1 ,bird-in-,hand1 ,pa4 ,l4 ,k4 ,hostetter1 ,lancaster1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,lancaster1 ,pa4 ,miss ,mildred ,jones1 ,lancaster1 ,pa4 ,m4 ,m4 ,kaufman1 ,clarion1 ,pa4 ,mortimer ,b4 ,kelly1 ,morristown1 ,n4 ,j4 ,m4 ,glen ,kirkpatrick1 c_/o ,farm ,journal1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,mary ,laudermilch1 ,lebanan1 ,pa4 ,e4 ,j4 ,leitenberger1 #cgdg ,w4 ,park ,ave41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,wm4 ,s4 ,b4 ,mc,caleb1 ,st4 ,davids1 ,pa4 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,intyre1 ,state ,college1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,william ,mc,pherson1 ,downingtown1 ,pa4 ,upton ,mehring1 ,keymar1 ,md4 ,mrs4 ,upton ,mehring1 ,keymar1 ,md4 ,f4 ,k4 ,miller1 ,clarion1 ,pa4 ,lennard ,h4 ,mitchell1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,mrs4 ,lennard ,h4 ,mitchell1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,mrs4 ,i4 ,e4 ,murray1 ,downingtown1 ,pa4 ,rev4 ,paul ,musselman1 ,downingtown1 ,pa4 ,prof4 ,j4 ,a4 ,neilson1 ,east ,lansing1 ,mich4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,a4 ,neilson1 ,east ,lansing1 ,mich4 ,charles ,s4 ,phillips1 ,parkersville1 ,pa4 ,prof4 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed1 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,john ,rick1 ,reading1 ,pa4 ,j4 ,s4 ,rittenhouse1 ,lorane1 ,pa4 ,newton ,h4 ,russell1 ,south ,hadley1 ,mass4 ,mrs4 ,n4 ,h4 ,russell1 ,south ,hadley1 ,mass4 ,miss ,dorothy ,c4 ,sawyer1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,adam ,s4 ,schultz1 ,hereford1 ,pa4 ,george ,l4 ,slate1 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y4 ,samuel ,m4 ,smedlet1 ,west ,chester1 ,pa4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,swarthmore1 ,pa4 ,ella ,h4 ,snavely1 ,r4 ,d4 ,no4 #b1 ,manheim1 ,pa4 ,h4 ,r4 ,snavely1 ,r4 ,d4 ,no4 #b1 ,manheim1 ,pa4 ,j4 ,m4 ,somerville1 ,rimersburg1 ,pa4 ,j4 ,w4 ,sparks1 ,r4 ,d41 ,williamstown1 ,n4 ,j4 ,c4 ,d4 ,setler1 ,yellow ,house1 ,pa4 ,h4 ,f4 ,stokes1 ,roanoke1 ,va4 ,miss ,ruth ,stokes1 ,roanoke1 ,va4 ,jacob ,e4 ,stover1 ,springwood ,farms1 ,york1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,jacob ,e4 ,stover1 ,springwood ,farms1 ,york1 ,pa4 ,c4 ,a4 ,tenney1 ,clear ,spring1 ,md4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,e4 ,theiss1 ,lewisburg1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,e4 ,theiss1 ,lewisburg1 ,pa4 ,carl ,f4 ,walker1 ,cleveland ,heights1 ,ohio4 ,robert ,wallace1 ,paoli1 ,pa4 ,wm4 ,s4 ,weaver1 ,macungie1 ,pa4 ,dr4 ,harry ,r4 ,weber1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,mrs4 ,harry ,r4 ,weber1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,zimmerman1 ,harrisburg1 ,pa4 ,mrs4 ,g4 ,a4 ,zimmerman1 ,harrisburg1 ,pa4 ,,books ,,and ,,bulletins ,,on ,,northern ,,nut ,,growing #a4 ,nut ,culture in the ,united ,states1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 #ahif4 ,out of print and out of date but of great interest4 #b4 ,the ,nut ,culturist1 ,fuller1 pub4 ,orange ,judd ,co41 ,n4 ,y41 #aijf4 ,out of print and out of date but a systematic and well written treatise4 ,these two books are the classics of ,american nut growing4 #c4 ,nut ,growing1 ,dr4 ,robert ,t4 ,morris1 pub4 ,mac,millan1 ,n4 ,y4 #bnd edition #aica1 price #b4ej4 ,the modern authority1 written in the author's entertaining and stimulating style4 #d4 ,farmers' ,bulletin ,no4 #aeja1 #aibf1 ,nut ,tree ,propagation1 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed1 to be had free from ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,a very full bulletin with many illustrations4 #e4 ,tree ,crops1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 pub4 ,harcourt1 ,brace ,co41 ,n4 ,y41 #aibi1 price #d4jj4 ,includes the nut crop4 #f4 ,annual reports of the ,northern ,nut ,growers' ,association from #aiaa to date4 ,to be had from the secretary4 ,prices on request4 #g4 ,bulletin ,no4 #e1 ,northern ,nut ,growers' ,association1 by ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby4 #bnd edition1 #aibj4 ,to be had from the secretary4 ,price fifty cents4 #h4 ,farmers' ,bulletin ,no4 #acib1 ,black ,walnut ,culture for both ,timber and ,nut ,production4 ,to be had from the ,supt4 of ,documents1 ,gov4 ,printing ,office1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,price #e cents4 #i4 ,year ,book ,separate ,no4 #ajjd1 #aibg1 a brief article on northern nut growing1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,reed1 to be had free from ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #aj4 ,filberts--,g4 ,a4 ,slate--,bulletin ,no4 #ehh1 ,new ,york ,state ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y41 ,december1 #aicj4 #aa4 ,leaflet ,no4 #hd1 #aicb1 ,planting ,black ,walnut1 ,w4 ,r4 ,mattoon and ,c4 ,a4 ,reed1 to be had free from ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #ab4 ,harvesting and ,marketing the ,native ,nut ,crops of the ,north1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,reed1 #aicb1 mimeographed bulletin1 to be had free from ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #ac4 ,dealers in ,black ,walnut ,kernels1 mimeographed bulletin by ,c4 ,a4 ,reed1 #aica1 to be had free from ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #ad4 ,eastern ,nursery ,catalogues ,listing ,nut ,trees1 mimeographed leaflet to be had free from ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #ae4 ,twenty ,years ,progress in ,northern ,nut ,culture4 ,a #dh-page booklet of valuable information and instruction by ,john ,w4 ,hershey1 ,nuticulturist1 ,downingtown1 ,penna4 ,price #be cents4 #af4 ,the ,national ,nut ,news1 official organ of the ,northern ,nut ,growers' ,association1 #bhaj ,south ,michigan ,ave41 ,chicago1 ,illinois4 ,monthly1 ,one ,dollar a year4 #ag4 ,files of ,the ,american ,nut ,journal1 to be had from the publishers1 ,american ,nurseryman ,publishing ,co41 #ci ,state ,st41 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,happy ,is the ,man ,who ,has a ,hobby ,illustration ,,happy is the man who has a hobby1 runs the old saying4 ,and still happier is the hobbyist who regularly receives and reads ,,hobbies--,,the ,,magazine ,,for ,,collectors4 ,here1 in this interesting1 profusely illustrated1 #agj-page monthly you will find news1 pictures1 and information1 as well as buying1 selling and swapping ads1 in all branches of collecting4 ,,hobbies has a particularly fine and complete ,stamp ,collector's ,department--#dj or more pages each month devoted to stamp club news1 notes1 articles on stamps and stamp issuing countries1 department on precancels1 new issues1 and airmails1 and general information4 7,,hobbies1 by the way1 is the ,official ,organ of the great ,society of ,philatelic ,americans47 ,,hobbies is also the outstanding medium for the exchange of information1 news1 and advertising of interest to collectors of ,antiques1 ,autographs1 ,coins1 ,indian ,relics1 ,books1 ,firearms1 ,prints1 ,minerals1 ,shells1 ,glassware1 and many other collected articles4 ,it's fun to have a hobby1 and to know what others who share your interests are doing and thinking6 ,let ,,hobbies keep you posted6 ,and if you haven't a hobby as yet1 but would like to have one1 let ,,hobbies help you to find it6 ,subscribe to ,,hobbies6 ,sample ,copy1 #aj;c ,year's ,subscription1 only #a4jj ,lightner ,publishing ,corp4 #bhaj ,s4 ,michigan ,ave4 ,chicago1 ,illinois