,illu/ration3 ,,walnut ,,blossoms ,,walnut ,,gr[+ ,,9 ,,oregon ,edit$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,coop] ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,pass5g] ,dep>tm5t ,oregon ,railroad & ,navigation ,co4 ,s\!rn ,pacific ,company ,l9es 9 ,oregon ,portl&1 ,oregon ,,copyright1 #aiaj4 ,,by ,,wm4 ,mc,m,u,r,r,a,y4 ,,g5]al ,,pass5g] ,,ag5t ,illu/ration3 ,an ,oregon ,walnut ,grove4 ,prune ,trees = ,fill]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,walnut ,confections ,,walnut ,,gr[+ ,,9 ,,oregon ,a ,,com+ ,,indu/ry ,,( ,,great ,,national ,,importance ,engli% walnuts = dess]t1 walnut confection]y1 walnut cake1 walnuts 9 c&y bags at ,*ri/mas "t--?us f> has ! av]age p]son be5 introduc$ to ?is1 "o ( ! greate/ foods ( ! e>?4 ,b if ! food speciali/s are he>d1 if ! increas+ consumption ( nuts z record$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ,bureau ( ,imports is consult$--9 %ort1 if "o op5s 8 eyes to ! trem5d\s place ! walnut is beg9n+ to take among food products ! _w ov]1 he w realize t ! walnut's rank z a table luxury is giv+ way to t ( a necessity2 he w ackn[l$ge t ! "t is rapidly approa*+ :5 nuts w be reg>d$ z we n[ reg>d beef/eak or :eat products4 ,! dem& is already s great t purveyors are beg9n+ to ask1 :]e are ! walnuts ( ! future to come f8 ,9 #aijb4 accord+ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce & ,labor1 we import$ f ,europe #aa1ibg1dcb p\nds ( ,engli% walnuts2 ea* ye> s9ce !n ^! figures h increas$1 until 9 #aijf !y rea*$ #bd1iag1jbc p\nds1 valu$ at #b1aic1fec4 ,9 #aijg we import$ #cb1eij1jjj p\nds ( walnuts & #ab1jjj1jjj m 7 produc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ,oregon alone !re are consum$ #djj1jjj wor? ( nuts annually4 ,:5 we consid] ! limit$ area suitable to walnut culture 9 ,am]ica--,cali=nia & ,oregon practically be+ ! only t]ritory ( comm]cial importance--& ! fact t ! ,old ,_w is no long] plant+ additional groves to any appreciable ext5t1 !re be+ no m l&s available1 we beg9 to realize ! important place ,oregon is de/9$ to take 9 ! future ( ! walnut indu/ry3 = 9 ,oregon1 ?r\gh\t a /rip ( ! ri*e/ l& kn[n to man--! great ,willamette bas9 ) its tribut>y valleys & hills1 an area ( #fj by #aej miles--walnuts ?rive & yield abundantly1 & at a y\ng] age ?an 9 any o!r locality1 n except+ _! orig9al home1 ,p]sia4 ,9 addition1 ,oregon walnuts are l>g]1 f9] flavor$1 & m uni=m 9 size ?an ^? gr[n else:]e2 !y are also free f oil9ess & h a full meat t fills ! %ell well4 ,^! advantages are recogniz$ 9 ! mo/ indisputable mann]1 deal]s pay+ f two to ?ree c5ts a p\nd m = ,oregon walnuts ?an = ^? f o!r groves4 ,?us ! v la/ & highe/ te/--:at w !y br+ 9 ! m>ket8--has plac$ ! ,oregon walnut at ! top4 ,h[ev]1 9 all ( ,oregon1 ?r\gh\t ! va/ doma9 t seems to h be5 provid5tially creat$ to furni% ! _w ) its *oice/ nut fruit1 !re are1 p]haps1 n m ?an #bjj acres 9 be>+ at ! pres5t "t4 ,! te/ has be5 accompli%$ by individual trees f\nd "h & !re all ! way f ,wa%+ton & ,multnomah c\nties on ! nor?1 to ,joseph9e & ,jackson c\nties1 bord]+ ,cali=nia4 ,9 a numb] ( c\nties b two or ?ree h&some old mon>*s t h yield$ heavy crops ye> aft] ye>1 )\t a failure = ! pa/ tw5ty to =ty ye>s1 be> witness to ! soil's suitability2 9 o!r c\nties1 notably ,yamhill1 /urdy yield+ groves atte/ ! soil's fitness4 ,9 none ( ! c\nties ( ! walnut belt has b ! smalle/ fraction ( available walnut l&s be5 appropriat$ = ?is great indu/ry4 ,p are j beg9n+ to realize ,oregon's value z a walnut c5t] & h] de/9y z ! s\rce ( supply = ! *oice/ m>kets ( ! future4 ,7 x practical to plant e unoccupi$ suitable acre 9 ,oregon ?is ye> to walnuts1 9 eight or t5 ye>s ! crop w\ld e/abli% ,oregon =ev] z ! sov]eign walnut c5t] ( ! _w2 & ! crop1 d\bl+ ea* ye> !reaft] = five ye>s1 z is its nature1 & !n ma9ta9+ a /eady increase up to ! tw5tie? ye>1 w\ld become a p[] 9 ! _w's m>kets1 equal if n sup]ior to t ( ,nor? ,am]ican :eat at ! pres5t "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,m ,nuts ?an ,leaves4 ,tree ( ,d4 ,h4 ,turn]4 ,illu/ration3 ,g>d5 ,/uff1 ,melons ,pumpk9s1 ,prunes & ,*ildr5 gr[+ among ! ,walnuts4 ,! ,walnuts w 9 a ,few ,ye>s put out all b ! ,*ildr5 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ye> ,book = #aijh e/imates ! food value ( ! walnut at ne>ly d\ble t ( :eat1 & ?ree times t ( beef/eak4 ,colonel ,h5ry ,dos*1 ! ,oregon pione] ( walnut gr[+1 says3 ,z a bus9ess proposition ,i "k ( no bett] 9 agricultural or horticultural pursuits4 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,i4 ,lewis1 ( ! ,oregon ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 writes3 ,9 e/abli%+ walnut groves we are lay+ ! f\ndation = prosp]ity = a great _m g5]ations4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,m4 ,williamson1 secret>y ( ! ,oregon ,bo>d ( ,horticulture1 writes3 ,! man :o plants a walnut grove 9 ! "r place & gives x prop] c>e is mak+ provision n only = 8 own future welf>e1 b = t ( 8 *ildr5 & 8 *ildr5's *ildr54 ,felix ,gillett1 ! vet]an horticulturi/ ( ,nevada ,city1 ,cali=nia1 wrote %ortly be=e 8 dea?3 ,oregon is s+ul>ly adapt$ to rais+ walnuts4 ,?omas ,pr9ce1 own] ( ! l>ge/ be>+ walnut grove 9 ,oregon1 expresses ! mo/ en?usia/ic satisfaction ) ! income f 8 inve/m5t1 & is plant+ additional groves on 8 #hjj-;acre f>m 9 ,yamhill c\nty1 9 _m cases uproot+ fruit trees to d s4 ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,brief ,! s-call$ ,engli% walnut orig9at$ 9 ,p]sia1 :]e x ?rove = _m c5turies be=e x 0 c>ri$ to ,europe--to ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,spa9 & ,italy--diff]5t v>ieties adapt+ !mselves to ea* c\ntry4 ,! "n walnut is ( ,g]man orig91 mean+ =eign nut4 ,! ,greeks call$ x ! ,royal nut1 & ! ,romans1 ,jupit]'s ,acorn1 & ,jove's ,nut1 ! gods hav+ be5 suppos$ to subsi/ on x4 ,! great age & size to :i* ! walnut tree w atta9 has be5 demon/rat$ 9 ^! ,european c\ntries3 "o tree 9 ,norfolk1 ,engl&1 #ajj ye>s old1 #ij feet high1 & ) a spread ( #abj feet1 yields #ed1jjj nuts a season2 ano!r tree1 #cjj ye>s old1 #ee feet high1 & hav+ a spread ( #abe feet1 yields #a1ejj p\nds ea* season4 ,9 ,crimea !re is a notable walnut tree #a1jjj ye>s old t yields 9 ! neighborhood ( #ajj1jjj nuts annually4 ,x is ! prop]ty ( five ,t>t> families1 :o subsi/ l>gely on its fruit4 ,9 ,european c\ntries walnuts come into be>+ f ! sixte5? to ! tw5ty-f\r? ye>2 9 ,oregon1 f ! eigh? to ! t5? ye>2 graft$ trees1 six? ye>4 ,! fir/ walnut trees 7 introduc$ into ,am]ica a c5tury ago by ,spani% fri>s1 :o plant$ !m 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,x 0 n until comp>atively rec5t ye>s t ! h>di] v>ieties f ,france1 adapt$ to comm]cial use1 7 plant$ 9 ,cali=nia & lat] 9 ,oregon4 ,!y 7 also tri$ 9 o!r localities1 b )\t success4 ,s9ce ! prolific productiv5ess ( ! ,engli% walnut on ! ,pacific ,coa/ has be5 assur$1 _m comm]cial groves h be5 set out4 ,,te/ ,,trees ,,( ,,oregon ,! fir/ walnut trees 7 plant$ 9 ,oregon 9 limit$ numb] = purely home use1 j to see if !y w\ld gr[1 & !y did4 ,?us ! /ate c boa/ ( s+le trees close to sixty ye>s ( age1 ea* ) admirable records ( unfail+ crops1 demon/rat+ :at a =tune w\ld n[ be 9 ! grasp ( _! own]s _h !y plant$ comm]cially4 ,9 ,portl&1 ,oregon1 on :at is kn[n z ! old ,dekum place1 #ac? & ,morrison /reets1 !re are two walnut trees1 plant$ 9 #ahfi1 t h yield$ a heavy crop e fall s9ce _! eigh? ye>1 n a s+le failure hav+ be5 exp]i5c$4 ,! gr\nd has nev] be5 cultivat$4 ,! nuts plant$ 7 tak5 at r&om f a b>rel 9 a groc]y /ore4 ,dur+ ! silv] ?aw ( #aijg1 ! mo/ sev]e cold spell 9 ! hi/ory ( ,oregon1 "o ( ! trees 0 wr5*$ 9 two1 b ! dismemb]$ limb1 hang+ by a %r$1 bore a full crop ( walnuts ! foll[+ season4 ,n4 ,a4 ,k+1 at #age ,tw5ty-fir/ /reet1 has "s f9e1 old trees t h n miss$ be>+ a good crop s9ce _! eigh? ye>4 ,h5ry ,hewitt1 liv+ at ,mt4 ,zion1 ,portl&1 an elevation ( #a1jjj feet1 has _m h&some trees1 "o1 a graft$ tree fifte5 ye>s old1 t has borne s9ce its fif? ye>4 ,ano!r tree ( 8 buds out ! f\r? ( ,july & yields a full crop z e>ly z any ( ! o!r v>ieties4 ,9 ,salem1 !re is :at is kn[n z ! fam\s old ,%annon tree1 fully ?irty ye>s old1 ) a record ( a heavy crop e season4 ,mayor ,britt1 ( ,jacksonville1 has a magnific5t tree t has n fail$ 9 tw5ty ye>s4 ,dr4 ,f9ck1 ( ,dallas1 has a l>ge tree sev5te5 ye>s old t bore #gj p\nds ( nuts 9 its ?irte5? ye>1 & has increas$ ev] s9ce4 ,c4 ,h4 ,samson1 ( ,grants ,pass1 has a grove ( #bej trees1 n[ t5 ye>s old1 t bore at sev5 ye>s4 ,mr4 ,tiffany1 ( ,salem1 has a fifte5-ye>-old tree t at ?irte5 ye>s bore #aae p\nds4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,t]p5+1 ( ,eug5e1 has f\r acres ( walnuts graft$ on ! ,am]ican black1 :i* 9 #aije produc$ #gjj p\nds1 9 #aijf produc$ #abjj p\nds1 9 #aijg produc$ #bjjj p\nds1 & 9 #aijh produc$ #cjjj p\nds4 ,he tri$ se$l+s fir/1 b !y 7 n satisfactory4 ,! ,epps & ,reece or*>d ne> ,eug5e produces ab\t #ajj p\nds p] tree1 at #ab ye>s ( age4 ,mr4 ,muecke1 ( ,aurora1 plant$ a doz5 walnuts f 8 fa!r's e/ate 9 ,g]many2 !y made a spl5did gr[?1 & at six ye>s bore f #ejj to #hjj nuts to a tree4 ,mr4 ,/ob]1 ( ,c>son ,heights1 plant$ nuts f ,g]many ) satisfactory results4 ,mrs4 ,h]man ,ank5y1 ( ,new ,era1 has sev5 "y trees t 9 #aijg nett$ h] #ae a tree4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h is a ,santa ,b>b>a s(t-%ell on ! lawn ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,c4 ,app]son1 9 ,mc,minnville1 :i* at ! age ( eight ye>s bore #cb p\nds ( walnuts4 ,x /ood ! fro/s & w9t] ( #aijh-'ji & be>s e ye>2 x is n[ #aa ye>s old1 #ab in*es 9 diamet] & has a bran* spread ( #dj feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,coz9e ,walnut ,tree ,coz9e tree on ,a /reet1 ,mc,minnville4 ,se$l+1 #ae ye>s old2 be>s good crop ( nuts e ye>4 ,at #ad ye>s old ! crop 0 #abe p\nds4 ,is #af in*es 9 diamet] & has a spread ( #db feet4 ,"o sixte5-ye>-old tree ne> ,albany nett$ its own] #cj4 ,a ,franquette walnut ne> ,br[nsville yield$ eight bu%els at t5 ye>s4 ,! ,fr5* v>ieties plant$ 9 & ar\nd ,vanc\v] comm5c$ be>+ at sev5 ye>s1 & h nev] fail$4 ,prom95t gr[]s are ,a4 ,a4 ,qu>nb]g1 ,a4 ,high1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,biddle1 ,c4 ,g4 ,%aw4 ,9 ,yamhill c\nty1 ,ed4 ,gre]1 ,james ,morison1 ,f4 ,w4 ,my]s1 ,d4 ,h4 ,turn] & ,bl& ,h]r+ all won prizes at ! fir/ walnut fair held 9 ! /ate1 on nuts f _! groves4 ,,wood ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,walnut ,! wood ( ! ,engli% walnut is v h>d & close gra9$1 & ne>ly z h>d & t\gh z hickory4 ,x w no d\bt be valuable = furniture1 f9i%+ lumb] & any o!r use t may require a fir/-class h>d wood4 ,,"y ,,groves ,,( ,,oregon ,! ,pr9ce walnut grove ( ,dundee1 ,yamhill c\nty1 ?rills ! s\l ( ! onlook] ) its beauty1 pres5t fruitfulness1 & great promise4 ,ly+ on a magnific5t hillside1 ! long r[s ( ev5ly set trees--heal?y1 luxuri\s 9 foliage1 & fill$ ) nuts--pres5t a picture ( ideal horticulture wor? go+ _m miles to see4 ,!re is n a we$ to m> ! p]fect appe>ance ( ! well-till$ soil2 n a dead limb1 a brok5 bran*1 a sign ( neglect or decay4 ,9 all1 #bjj acres are n[ plant$ to "y walnuts1 new areas be+ add$ ea* season4 ,f ! olde/ grove1 ab\t =ty-five acres1 ! trees f twelve to f\rte5 ye>s old1 !re 0 m>ket$ 9 #aije betwe5 two & ?ree tons ( walnuts2 9 #aijf betwe5 f\r & five tons2 9 #aijg t5 tons 7 h>ve/$1 br++ ! highe/ m>ket price1 #ah & #bj c5ts a p\nd :olesale1 two c5ts m ?an ,cali=nia nuts4 ,! crop = #aijh 0 at lea/ "o-?ird heavi] ?an = #aijg4 ,"o tree on ! ,pr9ce place1 a ,mayette1 t has receiv$ extra cultivation1 by way ( exp]im5t1 n[ twelve ye>s old1 has a spread ( ?irty-eight feet1 & yield$ 9 its elev5? ye> #abe p\nds ( excell5t nuts4 ,mr4 ,woods1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,pr9ce place1 consid]s walnut gr[+ a comp>atively simple matt]2 he advocates plant+ ! nut :]e ! tree is to gr[1 *oos+ nuts ) c>e2 & !n ?or\gh cultivation4 ,! soil is semi-clayey1 r$1 hill l&4 ,ne> ,albany1 ,l9n c\nty1 #gjj acres are plant$2 ! soil is a ri* loam1 & seems admirably adapt$ to walnuts4 ,ne> ,junction ,city1 9 ,lane c\nty1 !re are #bjj acres ( "y trees4 ,e condition seems pres5t = ! be/ results4 ,eug5e has two small groves4 ,yamhill c\nty1 :]e ! greate/ demon/ration ?us f> has be5 made1 has close to #c1jjj acres 9 "y trees1 ! plant+ hav+ be5 bo? on hill & valley l&s4 ,at ,grants ,pass1 ,joseph9e c\nty1 !re is a promis+ grove ( #fjj "y trees4 ,ne> ,aurora & ,hubb>d1 ,m>ion c\nty1 :]e ! soil is a ri*1 black loam1 r l[1 a numb] ( "y groves are mak+ a gr[? ( f\r & five feet a season4 ,j4 ,b4 ,/ump1 ( ,monm\?1 ,polk c\nty1 has a v ?rifty "y grove4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,"y ,willamette ,valley ,grove ,?is is a view ( a "p ( ! ,r4 ,jacobson or*>d "o & "o-half miles we/ ( ,mc,minnville4 ,! l& 0 b\ght = #fj p] acre & :5 plant$ to walnuts sold = #bjj4 ,! or*>d is n[ five ye>s old & c\ld n be b\ght = #fjj p] acre4 ,x is locat$ on a hill #aej feet above ! level ( ! valley4 ,! l>ge/ s+le graft$ grove 9 ,oregon is situat$ "o mile f ,junction ,city1 ! prop]ty ( ,a4 ,r4 ,m>t94 ,he has sixty-five acres4 ,wa%+ton c\nty is rapidly acquir+ popul>ity z a walnut c5t]1 _m f9e or*>ds be+ n[ plant$4 ,mr4 ,fr$ ,gron]1 ne> ,hillsboro1 is n[ plant+ #ajj acres to graft$ trees4 ,! ,oregon ,nurs]y ,company is e/abli%+ l>ge walnut nurs]ies 9 ,wa%+ton c\nty4 ,9 ,d\glas c\nty1 vic9ity ( ,dra91 little att5tion has be5 paid to walnut culture1 b a suffici5t numb] ( trees are do+ well to insure good results f l>ge plant+s4 ,9 ,jackson c\nty1 ne> ,m$=d1 a numb] ( "y groves h be5 plant$1 & individual trees ?r\gh\t ! ,rogue ,riv] ,valley furni% ample evid5ce ( correct soil & climatic conditions 9 t section4 ,ev5 :5 apple trees h be5 caught by fro/ ! walnuts h escap$ un9jur$1 be>+ lat] a full crop4 ,9 ,tillamook c\nty only suffici5t trees h be5 plant$ to demon/rate favorable soil conditions4 ,:ile we/]n ,oregon is univ]sally conc$$ to be ! natural walnut c5t]1 ea/]n ,oregon also has its localities :]e walnuts be> heavily1 & w prove a good comm]cial crop4 ,9 ,bak] c\nty !re are ?\s&s ( acres ( l& adapt$ to walnuts2 "y groves are be+ plant$1 & a numb] ( trees h produc$ f9e crops4 ,:5 "o consid]s ! ye>s ( ! future :5 ! trees ( ea* ( ^! "y groves w lift _! symmetrical heads fifty1 sixty1 n9ety feet into ! air1 lad5 to full capacity ) a pl5te\s crop1 ea* ,octob] dropp+ _! gold5-br[n nut h>ve/ t falls ) ! cl9k ( doll>s to ! comm]cial-m9d$1 b ) an accompanim5t ( f9e/ s5tim5t 9 ! he>ts ( ^? o!rwise incl9$1 "o turns away ) a desire to repeat ! wisdom ( ^! pione] plant]s & />t a grove ( 8 own4 ,) :at gr&] monum5t c\ld "o commemorate 8 little span on e>?8 ,,locations ,,= ,,additional ,,groves ,mu* is he>d1 9 a g5]al way1 ( necess>y climate & soil conditions = walnut culture1 "s giv+ pref]5ce to ! hillsides1 o!rs to valley l&s2 "s cont5d+ = a deep1 ri* loam1 o!rs = s&y soil4 ,b a c>eful exam9ation ( ! soils ( ,oregon & ! trees n[ be>+ !reon produces conv9c+ evid5ce t almo/ any deep1 ri*1 well-dra9$1 we/]n ,oregon soil--& "s 9 ea/]n ,oregon--n und]laid by h>dpan1 w insure a good h>ve/1 provid+ ! "r v>ieties are plant$4 ,! :ole "q resolves itself into a matt] ( intellig5t *oice ( trees to suit v>y+ conditions4 ,= example1 ! fam\s ,pr9ce grove is produc+ magnific5t crops on soil decid$ly clayey2 b ! place is ?or\ghly cultivat$ & c>eful selection has be5 made ( h>dy trees1 ! ,mayette be+ pref]r$4 ,ano!r "y grove is prov+ t walnuts d well on clayey hill l& ( buck%ot nature1 :]e ! dra9age is good & !re is no rock or h>dpan4 ,9 contra/ ) ! hill l&1 "y groves are mak+ admirable gr[? on ! ri* loam ab\t ,aurora & ,mc,minnville4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hewitt1 ( ,portl&1 has f9e1 "y se$l+s on a hillside1 elevation #a1jjj feet1 t made f\r feet ( gr[? 9 "o season4 ,illu/ration3 ,view ( a ,yamhill ,or*>d ,9 ! neighborhood ( all ^! groves1 !re are h>dy1 be>+ trees t amply =e%ad[ ! future ( ! l>g] plant+s4 ,colonel ,h5ry ,dos*1 ! pione] walnut gr[] ( ,oregon1 :o has exp]im5t$ r ?or\ghly1 ev5 goes s f> z to claim t rocky soil is n objectionable1 provid+ !re is no h>dpan4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r horticultural pursuits1 naturally ! ri*] soils are be/2 b ! indu/ri\s horticulturi/1 by cultivation1 f]tilization1 & prop] c>e1 c produce a fairly good grove on unfavorable l&s4 ,h[ev]1 s mu* ( ,oregon is favorable by nature t gr[]s w h>dly und]take to enri* ! few less desirable areas = a good _m ye>s to come4 ,l& t on ! ,atlantic slope w\ld be seiz$ readily en\gh1 9 ,oregon is pass$ by1 z !re is /ill s mu* unt\*$ t nature has made ideal4 ,ye>s h5ce gr[]s accu/om$ to ! less f]tile conditions ( ! f> ea/ w und\bt$ly turn _! att5tion to ev5 ! few poor] areas 9 ,oregon1 & make ( !m gl[+ g>d5 spots4 ,x is a simple matt] to det]m9e ! pres5ce ( h>dpan2 y h b to make a s]ies ( te/s--f\r or five to ! acre--) a plumb]'s aug]2 & ?is c>e %\ld be tak5 9 e area :]e soil conditions h n be5 fully det]m9$4 ,,plant+ ,ga!r ! walnuts dur+ ! fall or w9t]1 fall is bett]1 & put !m 9 boxes ab\t ! size ( ord9>y apple boxes1 putt+ 9 fir/ a lay] ( s& 7! s&y loam along ! valley /reams is excell5t7 ab\t f\r in*es deep1 !n a lay] ( walnuts ab\t ! same dep?1 !n cov] ^! ov] ) ?ree or f\r in*es m ( s&4 ,place ^! boxes out 9 ! wea!r on ! gr\nd :]e ! wat] w n rise 9 !m4 ,! reason = putt+ ! walnuts 9 boxes in/ead ( b$s1 z advis$ by "s plant]s1 is t ! boxes may be tak5 to ! field or nurs]y & ! nuts lift$ c>efully f ! s& & plac$ :]e !y are to gr[4 ,x sometimes happ5s 9 a wet & backw>d spr+ t ! walnuts w spr\t be=e ! gr\nd is ready = plant+1 9 :i* case !y mu/ be h&l$ ) ! t5d]e/ c>e & n expos$ to ! atmosph]e any long] ?an c be help$4 ,"o gr[] _h a b$ ( hybrid black walnuts4 ,! season 0 late & :5 ! gr\nd 0 ready = plant+ _m _h />t$ to gr[4 ,he engag$ "s boys to grabble out ! nuts f ! s& b$s1 urg+ c>e1 b _m ( ! be/ 7 brok5 & injur$4 ,"s ( !m _h s5t d[n a taproot ne>ly or q ?ree in*es 9 l5g?4 ,^! e>ly ones1 "u prop] conditions1 are ! mo/ vigor\s & sure/ gr[]s1 b 9 ! treatm5t !y receiv$ _m 7 injur$ & kill$4 ,black walnuts are sl[ to g]m9ate1 sometimes lay+ 9 ! gr\nd two ye>s be=e spr\t+4 ,b if kept prop]ly !y w />t by ,june or ,july4 ,= ! nurs]y ! gr\nd %\ld be pl[$ deep & ?or\ghly pulv]iz$4 ,plant ! nuts #f to #ab in*es ap>t 9 r[s ab\t #c feet ap>t4 ,put a h&ful ( ! s& f ! boxes ar\nd ea* walnut4 ,our soil w appreciate ! s& or silt f ! drifts along ! valley /reams1 z x has prov5 to be "o ( ! be/ f]tiliz]s kn[n4 ,if anyone d\bts ?is let him try a quantity ( x on 8 kit*5 g>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,cali=nia ,black ,walnut ne> ,mc,minnville ,on ! ,=d place1 ne> ! ,nor? ,yamhill bridge1 is "o ( ! f9e/ trees 9 ! c\nty1 #cc in*es diamet]1 height #ge feet1 spread ( bran*es #fj feet4 ,be>s an abundance ( nuts e ye>4 ,x is #cd ye>s old4 ,! se$s are mu* us$ to raise graft+ /ock4 ,ne>ly all ( ! black walnut se$ produc$ 9 ! ,willamette valley w p>take m or less ( a mix$ or hybrid nature1 :e!r f a ,cali=nia black1 ,japanese black1 or ,am]ican black4 ,! black walnuts are v susceptible to cross poll9ization & ! ,engli% walnut also1 = be x kn[n t ,) w&]+ bees & ! sweet ,may breeze1 ,t virile tide goes f> & wide4 ,! nut %\ld be plant$ two or ?ree in*es deep4 ,a good au?ority says to place ! nut on its side z x w\ld lay aft] fall+ f ! tree4 ,if ! nut is spr\t$ make a hole 9 ! well pulv]iz$ soil & put ! root c>efully d[n into x4 ,! be/ way = plant+ 9 ! or*>d is to bore a hole ) a po/ or well aug] #d or #e feet deep :]e ! tree is to gr[1 put 9 a /ick ( dynamite & break up ! gr\nd ?or\ghly4 ,or1 bett] /ill1 bore d[n to p]man5t moi/ure & fill ! l[] hole ) good soil or o!r root food1 !n dynamite #d or #e feet ( ! upp] section ( ! hole4 ,no?+ w produce a vigor\s & ?rifty tree l a deep & vigor\s root sy/em1 & no tree responds to cultivation & c>e z does ! walnut1 :ite or black4 ,aft] bur/+ up ! soil1 excavate & put 9 a half bu%el ( b>n or o!r m\ld1 well rott$4 ,?is w =ce ! tree 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( its life & c be no h9drance to x lat]4 ,cov] ! manure ) a foot or two ( soil & plant4 ,bo? be=e & aft] plant+ ! gr\nd %\ld be pl\gh$ & h>r[$ until x is z mell[ z an a% heap4 ,plant ?ree or f\r nuts 9 a hill #f to #h in*es ap>t & at ! end ( ! fir/ season's gr[? pull out all b ! mo/ vigor\s "o4 ,= transplant+ f ! nurs]y ! same me?ods %\ld be foll[$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! hole & ! soil z 9 plant+ ! se$ nuts4 ,if "o wants to lay ! f\ndation = a f9e or*>d & a f9e =tune z a consequ5ce1 ^! prelim9>y /eps mu/ n be neglect$4 ,because 9 "t y expect ?is tree to pay y a r5tal ( #h to #ab a mon?4 ,if y are build+ a cottage t w\ld br+ 9 t sum1 y w\ld put 9 mu* m "w & money besides4 ,! wise gr[] w\ld r h a man plant six trees = him 9 "o day ?an sixty4 ,! walnut is usually a v vigor\s tree & w fight its way among adv]se conditions & surr\nd+s1 b its gold5 %[]s are mu* m abundant if x is protect$ f ! sc>s ( battle1 especially 9 its y\?4 ,x almo/ seems to respond to ! love & affection giv5 to x by a k9d ma/]4 ,animals respond to k9dness1 & :y n ! dome/ic trees8 ,x w pay y a big sal>y aft] a :ile :5 y\r o!r bank acc\nts & y\r heal? & /r5g? fail4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,black ,walnuts ,a magnific5t r[ ( n9e ,am]ican black walnuts1 #ce or #dj ye>s old4 ,! tree 9 ! =egr\nd is #bj in*es 9 diamet] ( trunk4 ,! talle/ ( ! trees is ne>ly #fj feet & !y h a spread ( m ?an #gj feet4 ,!y are at ! resid5ce ( ,dave ,johnson on ! ,portl& road ab\t #h miles f ,mc,minnville4 ,se$ f su* trees z ^! w\ld produce ! v be/ trees = graft+ ^u4 ,!re are v few ,cali=nia blacks ( pure /ra9 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! hybrids or crosses ) ! ,am]ican or ea/]n black walnut1 are bett] trees = graft+ /ock ?an ! pure ,cali=nias4 ,!y are m h>dy & bett] adapt$ to our climate4 ,,:at ,,to ,,plant ,horticulturi/s ( equal fame & exp]i5ce take diff]5t views on ! subject ( plant+1 "s cont5d+ t ! nut %\ld be plant$ :]e ! tree is to gr[2 o!rs t se$l+s are ! ?+1 & /ill o!rs t trees %\ld be graft$4 ,& z all ?ree plans h produc$ good results 9 ,oregon1 ! individual plant] may take 8 *oice1 accord+ to ! circum/ances 9 :i* he is situat$4 ,! tru? is t ! walnut is "o ( ! h>die/ ( trees1 & ) good att5tion w n disappo9t if ! "r k9ds are prop]ly />t$4 ,9 plant+ walnuts to raise se$l+ trees ! be/ available se$ nuts %\ld be us$4 ,select ! be/ & mo/ prolific v>iety & ! "o mo/ suit$ to ! climate4 ,x is claim$ t ! nuts f a graft$ tree w produce ! be/ se$l+ trees4 ,?is may be true z a rule1 z ! nut f su* a tree w h "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! /ock ^u :i* ! p>5t tree 0 graft$4 ,x may inh]it "s ( ! resi/ant qualities ( ! black walnut or ! rapid gr[? ( ! ,cali=nia hybrids4 ,x may h e>ly rip5+ qualities4 ,x is well to consid] all ^! po9ts z well z ! quality ( ! nut :5 select+ se$4 ,by c>eful selection & cross poll9ation _m & bett] v>ieties w be produc$4 ,no d\bt a nut sup]ior to any t has yet appe>$ 9 any c\ntry w yet be orig9at$ 9 ! ,willamette ,valley1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,b+ & ,lamb]t *]ry & "s o!r fruits4 ,! improvem5t ( ! walnut 9 ?is section is "o ( ! mo/ f]tile fields ( inve/igation to be f\nd any:]e & "o t promises big rew>d to ! successful culturi/4 ,& ! walnut gr[] ne$ n wait long to f9d :e!r he has a prize or n1 = j z soon z ! little spr\t comes f ! gr\nd & has h>d5$ suffici5t to h&le1 a skillful graft] c place x 9 a be>+ tree & ! second or ?ird ye> "k ! result ( 8 exp]im5t by ! production ( fruit1 & ?is n m ?an ?ree or f\r ye>s f ! plant+ ( ! se$4 ,! advantage ( plant+ walnuts1 provid+ y secure fir/ g5]ation nuts ( ! "r v>iety = y\r soil & atmosph]ic conditions1 is 9 simplicity & inexp5siv5ess4 ,y m]ely pur*ase y\r nuts ( a reliable conc]n1 or f an isolat$ grove ( "o v>iety 7_m s5d direct to ,france1 :]e pure /ra9s c be m readily gott571 & 9 ,febru>y plant !m on _! sides 9 a %all[ box ( moi/ s&2 keep 9 a cool place4 ,9 ,april1 or z soon z !y spr\t1 dig a hole #b-a_/b or #c feet deep1 put 9 surface loam1 & plant ?ree or f\r nuts to a hole ab\t #b or #c in*es deep4 ,!y w come up by ,june & make a gr[? ( a foot or s ! fir/ season4 ,x is cont5d$ by _m t no?+ is ga9$ by plant+ se$l+s 9 ! nurs]y1 z ! set-back f transplant+ prev5ts _! be>+ any e>li] ?an trees ( ! same age gr[n f nuts4 ,graft$ trees1 on ! o!r h&1 are difficult to obta9 9 l>ge numb]s1 are exp5sive1 b produce nuts ( uni=m size & beauty1 & ! poll9ation is said to be m sure4 ,! indu/ry is /ill too "y 9 ,oregon = ! f9al ^w to h be5 spok5 on ?is po9t4 ,! future w und\bt$ly add mu* valuable in=mation z l>g] exp]i5ce supplants !ory ) facts4 ,! vital po9t is to plant good nuts or reliable se$l+s f a pure /ra94 ,9 *oos+ v>ieties be gov]n$ by y\r location4 ,if fro/s are to be fe>$ get late-bloom+ v>ieties1 ! lead+ ones e/abli%$ 9 ,oregon be+ ! ,mayette & ! ,franquette4 ,o!r v>ieties w und\bt$ly be introduc$ 9 ! next few ye>s t w )/& fro/ 9 regions :]e walnut plant+ n[ seems impractical4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hewitt's "o tree t blooms ! f\r? ( ,july1 at an elevation ( #a1jjj feet1 is evid5ce ( ! possibilities 9 ?is direction4 ,air dra9age is necess>y4 ,! te/$ v>ieties 9 ,oregon to date1 & ! results1 are z foll[s3 ,mayettes 7! fam\s ,gr5oble ( comm]ce7 & ,franquettes are fir/ *oice = h>d9ess & = reliable comm]cial crops1 ! nuts be+ ( good size1 f9e flavor & 9 e way meet+ ! highe/ m>ket dem&s4 ,praep>turi5s be> e>li] ?an o!r v>ieties1 are v productive & z f9e flavor$ z a hickory nut1 b ! nuts are small = be/ comm]cial prices4 ,! ,*ab]te is a h>dy tree1 good = ! upl&s1 & prolific2 a delici\s nut1 small b excell5t = confection]s use4 ,! ,=d ,mammo?1 ,glady & ,bij\ are too l>ge to f9d favor = comm]cial purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,f9e ,japanese ,hybrid 9 ,lafayette ,! ,p>isi5ne1 ,meylan & ,lanfray are new] v>ieties t give mu* promise1 b h n be5 ?or\ghly te/$4 ,h4 ,m4 ,williamson1 ,secret>y ,oregon ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,horticulture1 9 an article says3 ,! extremely unfavorable wea!r ( ! pa/ w9t] 7#aijh-i7 has be5 "o ( ! be/ ?+s :i* c\ld h happ5$ to _m he$less p]sons :o plant$ walnut trees )\t fir/ tak+ pa9s to le>n any?+ ab\t ! bus9ess4 ,! de/ruction ( _m "y trees ( ! ,santa ,b>b>a type 0 a bless+ to ^? :o plant$ !m1 & ! plant]s des]ve no sympa?y1 = ! w>n+s n to plant trees ( t type h be5 ample = _m ye>s pa/4 ,! f9e condition ( suitably locat$ groves ( walnut trees ( ,franquette1 ,mayette & o!r ,fr5* v>ieties1 aft] a w9t] :i* prov$ ! mo/ try+ to fruit trees ( all k9ds :i* we h kn[n dur+ a long p]iod ( ye>s1 has giv5 firm confid5ce to ^? :o are lead+ 9 ! developm5t ( ! walnut indu/ry 9 ,oregon4 ,! v>ieties :i* are be/ adapt$ to culture 9 ?is /ate are ^? :i* produce ! f9e/ nuts kn[n to ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,walnut ,groves1 ,dundee1 ,oregon ,,se$l+ ,,walnuts ,! lead+ comm]cial or*>d 9 ! /ate is t ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,pr9ce1 ( ,yamhill c\nty1 & is compos$ almo/ entirely ( se$l+ trees4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is or*>d is be/ told by ,mr4 ,pr9ce 9 ! foll[+ v cons]vative lett]3 ,ab\t #ag ye>s ago ! ,ladd ,/ock ,f>m ( ,yamhill1 ,oregon1 by ! advice ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,e4 ,dos*1 !n ,secret>y ( ! ,oregon ,horticultural ,society1 pur*as$ f ! late ,felix ,gillett1 ,nevada ,city1 ,cal41 & plant$ q a numb] ( "y walnut trees :i* are n[ 9 be>+4 ,! fir/ few ye>s _! cattle receiv$ fir/ att5tion & ! "y trees 7 n cultivat$ z mu* z !y %\ld h be5 to make good gr[?4 ,!y !re=e d n gr[ ! quantity ( walnuts !y w\ld h produc$ ) bett] cultivation4 ,two or ?ree ye>s aft] ?is ,mr4 ,z4 ,t4 ,davis1 ( ,dundee1 ,oregon1 also by advice ( ,mr4 ,dos*1 pur*as$ ( ,mr4 ,gillett "s #ejj "o-ye>-old se$l+s4 ,"o ye> lat] ! writ]1 :o _h "s l& adjo9+ ,mr4 ,davis1 also became int]e/$ & set out ab\t #a1ejj additional trees1 & ab\t two ye>s lat] pur*as$ ! place belong+ to ,mr4 ,davis1 & became own] ( ! "y trees at ,dundee1 ) ! exception ( a few pur*as$ by sev]al neighbors4 ,all are n[ 9 be>+4 ,^? :o d n "k ! facts are incl9$ to give ! writ] m cr$it ?an he is entitl$ to4 ,mr4 ,dos*1 ! ,ladds1 ,mr4 ,davis & ,mr4 ,gillett 7 fir/ to int]e/ !mselves & %\ld receive ! cr$it to :i* !y are entitl$4 ,we h n[ 9 ,oregon & ,wa%+ton q a few trees 9 be>+1 & we believe !y c be gr[n "h ) pr(it4 ,!re is mu* to le>n4 ,we f9d ! "y trees %\ld be c>efully set out & receive good cultivation = ! fir/ few ye>s4 ,t ! selection ( ! trees & ! location 9 :i* to gr[ !m are v important4 ,! numb] ( trees to ! acre1 & :e!r to gr[ se$l+ or graft$ trees2 & if graft$ :e!r root graft+ or top graft+ is be/ mu/ be consid]$4 ,i ?9k gr[+ ( walnuts has ! advantage ( _m o!r products4 ,! crop is easily gr[n1 h>ve/$ & m>ket$2 ! labor greatly economiz$ & ! net pr(its a l>g] p] c5t ( ! gross receipts2 :ile sometimes ) o!r crops ! results are j ! rev]se--! net pr(its b a small p] c5t ( ! gross receipts4 ,! "q is (t5 ask$ h[ mu* is l& wor? t is suitable2 h[ long be=e trees w be>1 & h[ mu* w !y produce1 etc4 ,! price ( l& dep5ds l>gely on location2 g5]ally x is wor? f #ej to #aej p] acre4 ,se$l+ trees come into be>+ f #g to #i ye>s ( age1 quantity f #aj to #ej p\nds p] tree2 numb] ( trees p] acre1 #bj to #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,sixty ,ye> ,old ,walnut ,trees on ,d]r ,place ,^! trees are ab\t #fj ye>s old & 7 plant$ by ,i4 ,m4 ,johns1 :o took ! donation claim two miles s\!a/ ( ,mc,minnville1 ab\t #ahdd1 n[ ! ,d]r f>m4 ,! trunk ( ! l>ge/ "o on ! "r is #aj feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & is probably ! l>ge/ ,engli% walnut tree 9 ,oregon4 ,!y h "s nuts e ye>1 b are %y be>]s1 due no d\bt to lack ( prop] poll9ation4 ,! nut is n l>ge1 b is full ( good meat & resembles ! ,p>ry4 ,! trees are ab\t two hundr$ y>ds f ! ,yamhill riv]1 are hale & he>ty & seem good = a few c5turies4 ,9 fact1 all ( ! se$l+s exam9$ 9 ?is c\nty are heal?y & vigor\s4 ,!re are half a doz5 or m walnut trees gr[+ 9 ! woods & ab\t ! g>d5 ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,jones1 sev5 miles we/ ( ,mc,minnville1 :i* are a valuable /udy to ! walnut gr[]4 ,!y are se$l+s f ! ,casey tree1 & !y all be> full crops e ye>4 ,! l>ge/ is #ba in*es 9 diamet]4 ,"o ( !m has a mu* l>g] & f9] nut ?an t gr[n on ! ,casey tree4 ,h>dpan is rea*$ ab\t #ah in*es bel[ ! surface1 :i* w\ld indicate t no tap root 7 ne$$ 7 x n = ! fact t a t9y brook runs d[n ?r\gh ! g>d5 n f> f ! trees4 ,foll[+ is ! te/imony ( ,col4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,dos*1 tak5 f ,bett] ,fruit ( ,augu/1 #aijh3 ,x is ov] tw5ty ye>s s9ce ,i fir/ exp]im5t$ ) nut culture1 m especially ,engli%1 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 ,fr5* walnut culture1 & by p]si/5t ef=t 9 keep+ ?is matt] be=e ! horticulturi/s am m ?an gratifi$ to "k t ?is important indu/ry is at la/ receiv+ ! att5tion x des]ves2 & a few :o took my advice 9 ! beg9n+ & plant$ on a comm]cial basis are n[ reap+ ! b5efit1 z _! products comm& ! highe/ price 9 ! m>ket4 ,fir/ g5]ation nuts are produc$ on orig9al trees1 or on trees graft$ f ! orig9al trees4 ,^? nuts :5 plant$ produce second g5]ation trees1 & ! nuts f ^! second g5]ation trees are a little l>g] ?an ! orig9al or fir/ g5]ation1 :i* is due to ! peculi> soil & climatic conditions ( ! ,pacific ,nor?we/1 s well adapt$ to nut culture4 ,trees gr[n f second g5]ation nuts retrograde v rapidly1 produc+ nuts n half s l>ge z ev5 ! fir/ g5]ation trees1 & f9ally runn+ out altoge!r4 ,h5ce x is v ess5tial t we plant nuts f ! orig9al trees1 or trees gr[n f ! orig9al nuts or graft$ f ! orig9al trees4 ,a tree on ,john ,e4 ,brooks' claim1 ,casey ,place1 is "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ important trees 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x has borne a good crop e ye> = ?irty-five ye>s1 & 9 all t "t has l$ a /r5u\s life4 ,x 0 plant$ fir/ 9 ,portl& f a nut suppos$ to h be5 br\ght f ! ,rh9e 9 ,g]many by a ,g]man sea capta94 ,x 0 brok5 d[n by /ock :5 ,amasa ,brooks saw x1 & ) ! cons5t ( ! own] transplant$ x to its pres5t site1 on ! side ( a r$ hill a few rods above ! h\se & ab\t #ajj feet above ! level ( ! valley4 ,!re x 0 mu* abus$ by /ock1 & expos$ to o!r accid5ts4 ,:5 x began to be>1 ! squirrels w\ld ga!r ! nuts z soon z !y 7 big en\gh to attract !m4 ,:5 ! tree 0 visit$ 9 ,augu/1 #aiji1 = ! purpose ( gett+ a photograph x 0 f\nd t a squirrel _h burr[$ "u ! roots1 mak+ an op5+ l>ge en\gh to admit a good-siz$ foxh\nd1 & a quantity ( nuts hulls 7 pil$ ab\t x & scatt]$ b5ea? ! tree4 ,x is #bc in*es 9 diamet] & has a bran* spread ( ne>ly #fj feet4 ,trees ( ! f\r? g5]ation f ?is tree are 9 be>+ ne> ,mc,minnville & are produc+ fairly good nuts1 "s bett] ?an ! orig9al tree1 demon/rat+ t ! se$l+ walnut tree c be improv$ "h by se$ selection4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,graft$ ,walnut ,! above is a two-ye>-old graft$ tree 9 ! or*>d ( ,mr4 ,pr9ce4 ,x 0 s5t to him by ,judge ,leib1 ( ,san ,jose1 9 ord] to conv9ce him ( ! sup]iority ( ! graft$ tree4 ,y w note t ! little bu% has two good-siz$ nuts1 & also t x bore "o la/ ye>1 ! fir/ ye> f ! nurs]y4 ,) ?is ratio ( increase at #bj ye>s ( age x w\ld produce ab\t ?ree & "o-qu>t] tons ( walnuts1 c\nt+ #db nuts to ! p\nd1 ! weight ( fir/-class ,oregon walnuts4 ,b ?is is n probable4 ,,graft$ ,,trees ,! te/imony 9 favor ( ! graft$ tree is n yet v abundant 9 ,oregon1 z ! graft+ bus9ess is new2 b ) ! evid5ce at h& x w surely h a /&+ 9 c\rt4 ,pr(4 ,lewis speaks pla9ly on ?is subject4 ,he says3 ,"o ( ! ma9 po9ts ( discussion is1 ,:i* are pref]able--graft$ or se$l+ trees8 ,let u consid] ! se$l+ tree fir/4 ,!re are m5 :o claim t ^! are sup]ior to graft$ trees1 especially 9 size1 prolificness1 etc42 t !re is some?+ ab\t our wond]ful ,oregon climate t causes ! s-call$ second g5]ation trees to be> l>g] & bett] fruits ?an ! p>5t plant4 ,& ^! writ]s love to dwell on ! subject ( g5]ation4 ,!re is at times a sort ( my/]y1 an uncanny vagu5ess connect$ ) ?is subject t is baffl+ & bewild]+ to ! layman1 & causes him to li/5 ) m\? agape4 ,x is ! same sweet silly /ory t we h _h to le>n by bitt] exp]i5ce ) o!r nuts & fruits1 & "s ( u w evid5tly pay de>ly = x 9 ! case ( ! walnut4 ,! t]m 'fir/ g5]ation' is g5]ally appli$ to ! p>5t tree--"s say ! orig9al tree1 :ile o!rs put ! clause on ! orig9al graft$ tree4 ,nuts tak5 f su* trees & plant$ produce ! second g5]ation trees4 ,^! may be equal1 may be sup]ior1 or may be inf]ior to ! orig9al /ock4 ,x is ?is v v>iation & in/ability t makes ! se$l+ to a m or less degree a gambl+ proposition4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f a pap] on walnut culture by ,lu!r ,burbank1 read be=e ! annual meet+ ( ! ,cali=nia ,fruit ,gr[]s conv5tion3 ,9 all cases ! be/ results w be obta9$ by graft+ on our native ,cali=nia black walnut or "s ( its hybrids4 ,no "o :o gr[s ,engli% walnuts on _! own roots ne$ expect to be able to compete ) ^? :o gr[ !m on ! native black walnut roots1 = :5 gr[n on ^! roots ! trees w uni=mly be l>g] & long] liv$1 w h>dly be affect$ by blight & o!r diseases1 & w be> f two to f\r times z _m nuts1 :i* w be ( l>g] size & ( mu* bett] quality4 ,^! are facts1 n !ories1 & walnuts gr[]s %\ld take he$4 ,al?\gh n popul> among nurs]ym51 yet ! be/ way to produce a pay+ or*>d ( walnuts is to plant ! nuts f "s vigor\s black walnut tree1 ?ree or f\r 9 ea* place :]e a tree is to /&4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ summ] remove all b ! /ronge/ among !m4 ,let ! trees gr[ z !y w1 = f ?ree to six ye>s1 until !y h =m$ _! own natural1 vigor\s sy/em ( roots1 !n graft to ! be/ v>iety extant :i* ?rives 9 y\r locality1 & if on deep1 well-dra9$ l& y w at once h a grove ( walnuts :i* w pay1 at pres5t1 or ev5 ) v mu* l[] prices1 a mo/ pr9cely int]e/ on y\r inve/m5t4 ,by graft+ 9 ! nurs]y1 or be=e ! native tree has _h "t to produce its own sy/em ( roots by its own rapid-gr[+ leafy top1 y h ga9$ little or no?+ ov] plant+ trees on _! own roots1 = ! foliage ( any tree gov]ns ! size1 ext5t & =m ( ! root sy/em4 ,take he$1 z ^! are facts1 n fancies1 & are n to be neglect$ if y w\ld h a walnut grove on a safe f\ndation4 ,i hold 9 my h&s a record1 & also a photograph1 ( "o ( ! ,santa ,rosa walnut trees1 graft$1 z ,i recomm5d$1 on ! black walnut1 #ahia2 ?is 0 h&$ to me by ! own]1 ,george ,c4 ,payne1 ( ,campbell4 ,! record may be ( int]e/ to y3 ,dim5sions 7#aije7--,spread ( top1 #ff feet2 circumf]5ce "o foot above gr\nd1 #h feet #i in*es4 ,no record ( nuts 0 kept until #ahig1 :i* am\nt$ to #bej p\nds2 #ahih1 #cjb p\nds2 #ahii1 #bbi p\nds2 #aijj1 #fjj p\nds2 #aija1 #bcg p\nds2 #aijb1 #dgh p\nds2 #aijc1 #chj p\nds2 #aijd1 #dha p\nds2 #aije1 #bfi p\nds2 #aijh1 #gab p\nds4 ,! walnut has g5]ally be5 consid]$ a v difficult tree to graft successfully4 ,mr4 ,payne has p]fect$ a mode ( graft+ :i* 9 8 h&s is )\t d\bt ! mo/ successful kn[n2 by x he is uni=mly successful1 (t5 mak+ "o hundr$ p] c5t ( ! grafts to gr[4 ,:o c d bett] by any me?od8 ,:5 y plant ano!r tree1 :y n plant a walnut8 ,!n1 besides s5tim5t1 %ade & leaves1 y may h a p]5nial supply ( nuts1 ! improv$ k9ds ( :i* furni% ! mo/ delici\s1 nutriti\s & heal?ful food :i* has ev] be5 kn[n4 ,! old-fa%ion$ hit-or-miss nuts1 :i* we us$ to pur*ase at ! groc]y /ore1 7 g5]ally ( a ri*1 irregul> mixture 9 =m1 size & color1 ) meats ( v>y+ degrees ( uns\ndness1 bitt]1 mu/y1 rancid1 or ) no meat at all4 ,f ^! e>ly memories1 & ! usual accompany+ aft]-effects1 nuts h n be5 a v popul> food = regul> use until lately1 :5 good ones at a mod]ate price c g5]ally1 b n always1 be pur*as$ at all fir/-class /ores4 ,! consumption ( nuts is probably increas+ among all civiliz$ nations today fa/] ?an t ( any o!r food1 & we %\ld keep up ) ?is increas+ dem& & make ! increase /ill m rapid by produc+ nuts ( uni=mly good quality4 ,?is c be done )\t extra ef=t1 & ) an increase 9 ! heal? & rapid & p]man5t increase 9 ! weal? ( ourselves & neighbors4 ,illu/ration3 ,r[ ( ,elev5 ,ye> ,old ,top ,graft$ ,black ,walnut ,hybrids ,an ,am]ican black walnut gr[+ on a lot on ! ea/ side ( ,grant /reet1 resid5ce ( ,j4 ,c4 ,coop]1 ,mc,minnville1 graft$ by ,mr4 ,payne ,may #ad1 #aijh1 grew #g-a_/b feet 9 #ie days & 0 /ill gr[+ :5 ! t]m9al buds 7 nipp$ by ! e>ly ,septemb] fro/ ( t ye>4 ,! spr\ts 7 prun$ back to #ab in*es4 ,! tree made a vigor\s gr[? 9 #aiji1 mak+ a spread ( #ac feet4 ,"s ?9k ! ,am]ican black a bett] tree = graft+ /ock t ! ,cali=nia black4 ,"o ( ! noble/ & gr&e/ trees 9 any ,am]ican =e/ is ! ,am]ican black walnut1 & :ile a little sl[ at ! beg9n+ ( its c>e] x is only a "q ( "t :5 x w ov]take all o!rs4 ,x kn[s no disease or pe/s1 & he :o plants x lays a f\ndation = #bj to #ej g5]ations to come z well z = himself & ^? ( 8 own h\sehold4 ,a f\r-ye>-old hybrid1 #d in*es 9 diamet]1 graft$ 9 by ,mr4 ,payne1 grew a spr\t z %[n1 #g feet #i in*es high 9 f\r mon?s f ! sett+ ( ! graft4 ,x is gr[+ on ! ea/ side ( ,d /reet ne> ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 front ( ! resid5ce ( ,mrs4 ,s>ah ,updegraf1 ,mc,minnville1 ,oregon4 ,?ree trees !re all %[ ! same vigor1 ) little or no cultivation4 ,john ,h4 ,h>tog1 =m]ly ( ,eug5e1 wrote ( ! exp]i5ce ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,t]p5+1 "o ( ! mo/ successful walnut gr[]s ne> t city4 ,mr4 ,t]p5+ is a devotee ( ! graft$ tree4 ,& :y8 ,a burnt *ild spurns ! fire1 says ! prov]b4 ,mr4 ,t]p5+ set out second g5]ation ,mayettes & ,franquettes1 expect+ t ^! se$l+s w\ld produce true1 b :5 !y comm5c$ to be>1 behold 8 amazem5t at f9d+ t he _h a v>iety ( almo/ e k9d4 ,?is 0 en\gh to conv9ce him t 9 ! future he w\ld use graft$ trees1 & "k :at he 0 do+ & :at k9d ( nut he 0 rais+4 ,c\nt+ out trees ( o!r k9ds1 he has f\r acres 9 walnuts1 & ^! produc$-- ,9 #aije #gjj p\nds ,9 #aijf #abjj p\nds ,9 #aijg #bjjj p\nds ,9 #aijh #cjjj p\nds ,?is spr+ he set out #dej m trees & wisely he put !m #ej feet ap>t & w gr[ pea*es 9 betwe5 = a few ye>s4 ,:ile x is g5]ally said t walnuts come into be>+ aft] #h ye>s1 ,mr4 ,t]p5+ /ates t ! graft$ tree w be> comm]cially 9 #f ye>s1 :i* tallies exactly ) my exp]i5ce4 ,! ,t]p5+ walnut trees are graft$ on ,am]ican black & 8 favorite v>iety is ! ,mayette & lately ! s-call$ ,improv$ ,mayette4 ,,walnut ,,graft+ ,walnut graft+ is 9 a class by itself1 & walnut budd+ is n a success z practic$ at ! pres5t "t1 al?\gh ! ord9>y me?od is %[n 9 ! cut4 ,! top graft+ me?od %[n is easy & sure if y h ! "k-h[ & skill4 ,"o ( ! important ?+s to rememb] 9 tree surg]y z well z o!r k9ds1 is to "w quickly & deftly4 ,don't let ! w\nds ( ! scion or /ub rema9 expos$ long] ?an necess>y4 ,make ! cuts smoo? ) a v %>p knife1 kept %>p by frequ5t /ropp+4' ,exp]t walnut graft]s are few1 b ! ord9>y skillful or*>di/ or amateur c d fairly successful "w by a /udy ( ! draw+s 9 ,details ( ,walnut ,graft+ on next page1 & us+ common s5se me?ods4 ,illu/ration3 ,details ( ,walnut ,graft+ ,cut (f ! bran* or /ock to be graft$ ) a %>p prim+ saw at a po9t :]e ! /ump w be f "o to two & a half in*es 9 diamet]4 ,split ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! /ub ) a %>p knife z %[n 9 figure #a1 us+ a mallet4 ,depress ! po9t ( ! splitt+ knife & /rike ) ! mallet1 cutt+ ! b>k & sap d[n ! side ( ! /ub in/ead ( te>+ x1 !n depress ! h&le & cut d[n ! o!r side 9 ! same way4 ,op5 ! split slightly ) a h>dwood w$ge1 z 9 figure #b4 ,slightly bevel ! split1 cutt+ upw>d1 ) a %>p knife z 9 figure #c4 ,ins]t ! c>efully fitt$ scion z at figure #d1 be+ c>eful to h ! cambium lay]1 ! inn] lay] ( ! b>k1 ( bo? /ub & scion come toge!r4 ,:5 ! scion is c>efully fitt$ remove ! w$ge & fill ! split ) pap] z %[n at figure #e4 ,!n cov] all w\nds ov] ) wax bru%$ on w>m z at figure #f4 ,! melt$ wax %\ld be ab\t ! consi/5cy ( ?ick honey4 ,tie a pap] sack ov] all z at figure #g4 ,?is %\ld rema9 until scions beg9 to gr[4 ,x keeps !m w>m & prev5ts dry+ out by hot w9ds4 ,9 f t5 days to ?ree weeks ! scions w h />t$ suffici5t to gradually remove ! cov] z at figure #h4 ,9 eight or t5 days f ! "t grafts are set a small op5+ %\ld be cut or torn 9 ! nor? side ( ! pap] sack s t ! spr\t+ buds may h air & _! gr[? not$4 ,:5 ! /ock is too l>ge to split ?r\gh ! c5t] x %\ld be split to "o side ( c5t] z %[n 9 figure #i4 ,! me?od ( %ap+ ! scions is %[n 9 figures #aj1 #aa & #ab4 ,good scions & poor are %[n 9 #ac & #ad4 ,scions ) buds n too f> ap>t are be/4 ,prong graft+ is %[n 9 figures #ae to #ah1 & flute budd+ 9 #ai & #bj4 ,9 graft+ ! /ock %\ld n close on ! scion ) suffici5t =ce to bruise or injure x1 b j tight en\gh to hold4 ,scions %\ld be ( la/ ye>'s wood & prun$ or cut f ! trees 9 late w9t]1 :5 ! tree is dormant1 & cut into ab\t #ab-;in* l5g?s1 long en\gh to make ?ree or f\r grafts4 ,select upright wood4 ,droop+ bran*es make a sprawl+ & sometimes a b>r5 tree4 ,! dormant scions %\ld be pack$ away 9 a cool1 d>k cell> 9 damp s& or moss1 or put 9 cold /orage & kept dormant until ready = use4 ,d n all[ ! buds to swell4 ,x w be well to look at !m occasionally to see t !y d n get too dry nor be s damp z to mold4 ,9 ! spr+ :5 ! sap is well up & ! trees to be graft$ h spr\t$ & are gr[+ dur+ ,april & ,may ! graft+ %\ld be done4 ,"w may be cont9u$ ev5 aft] ! catk9s are out & ! leaves half gr[n4 ,! me?ods describ$ are ^? practic$ by ,mr4 ,george ,c4 ,payne1 probably ! mo/ successful walnut graft] 9 ! bus9ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,tools ,us$ 9 ,walnut ,graft+ ,plate ,"o4 ,furni%$ by ,oregon ,agricultural ,college ,,graft+ ,,wax ,! foll[+ =mula is ! graft+ wax us$ by ,mr4 ,payne3 ,ros91 #e p\nds4 ,beeswax1 #a p\nd4 ,f9ely pulv]iz$ *>coal4 #a-b p\nd4 ,raw l9se$ oil1 #a gill ,be sure t ! *>coal is f9ely pulv]iz$4 ,fir/ melt ! beeswax & ros91 be+ c>eful n to h ! fire too hot4 ,add ! *>coal1 /irr+ con/antly1 & !n add ! oil4 ,m\ld into bricks by p\r+ into greas$ pans4 ,:5 desir+ to use break (f a few lumps & melt 9 su* a contrivance z is %[n 9 ! plate ( graft+ tools4 ,! wax mu/ be q liquid if appli$ successfully4 ,nurs]y graft+1 or root graft+1 is n a success z practic$ at pres5t4 ,! be/ graft]s d n succe$ ) m ?an #aj to #ae p] c5t4 ,?is makes ! graft$ tree co/ f #a4ej to #b4jj p] tree1 & makes t k9d ( walnut plant+ exp5sive4 ,h[ev]1 ,col4 ,dos*1 9 8 article1 quotes ,pr(essor ,leck5by1 ! not$ agro/ologi/1 z say+ t if directions are religi\sly foll[$ n9ety p] c5t ( ! grafts w gr[4 ,! directions are z foll[s3 ,= walnut grafts on scions use "o gallon ( wat] ) f\r teaspoonfuls ( sulphate ( qu99e4 ,cut scions subm]g$ 9 ! solution1 & wa% ! cut on tree at once1 to prev5t x f turn+ black1 act+ z an antiseptic2 !n ins]t1 ! scion z on o!r fruit trees4 ,?is1 f su* au?ority1 is wor?y ( a trial4 ,a great am\nt ( exp]im5t+ has be5 done 9 walnut graft+ & a way to success w be f\nd4 ,,be/ ,,/ock ,,on ,,:i* ,,to ,,graft ,mr4 ,burbank1 ,judge ,leib1 & ,george ,c4 ,payne1 all ( ,cali=nia1 ?9k ! ,cali=nia black or "s ( its hybrids make ! be/ /ock 9 ,cali=nia4 ,mr4 ,gron] pref]s ! hybrid = ,oregon4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,mc,gill1 ( ,oregon1 ?9ks t nei!r ! ,cali=nia black nor its hybrid are suit$ to ?is climate4 ,few h _h m exp]i5ce1 co/ly exp]i5ce at t1 ?an ,mr4 ,mc,gill4 ,he ?9ks ! ,am]ican black bett] = ,oregon4 ,x is sometimes ask$1 :y n plant se$l+ walnuts & top "w ^? t are n good be>]s8 ,because ! grafts w n d s well on ! ,engli% /ock z on ! black2 & x is also f\nd t ! ,engli% /ock does n make z good a f\ndation z ! black4 ,!re=e1 ! be/ gr[]s 9 ,oregon conclude t ! se$ f a ?rifty ,am]ican ,black1 or close hybrid1 is be/ = ?is /ate4 ,9 ?ree or f\r ye>s aft] plant+ cut (f ! trunk ab\t z high z a man's wai/ or %\ld] & put 9 ! graft f ! be/ v>iety available4 ,! ?ird ye> f sett+ ( ! graft y w h a crop ( nuts4 ,mr4 ,payne c set #bej to #cjj grafts 9 a day4 ,8 wages are #h a day1 & he furni%es ! wood4 ,s y see t y\r trees w\ld co/ v little4 ,good black walnut se$ c be _h v *eap1 probably at a co/ ( #ej c5ts to #a p] bu%el1 ! ,oregon product pref]r$4 ,"s ( ! ,cali=nia hybrids make rapid gr[?1 b too rapid gr[? ( wood may n be desirable4 ,x may mean e>ly maturity & e>ly decay1 & too few walnut be>+ b\ghs4 ,,good ,,plan ,,= ,,walnut ,,or*>d 7#c7---------a---------7c7---------a---- -----7c7 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ #a4444444447b7444444444a4444444447b74444 44444a _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 7#c7---------a---------7c7---------a---- -----7c7 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 44444444#f3j444444_/44 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ #a4444444447b7444444444a4444444447b74444 44444a _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 _/ 3 7#c7---------a---------7c7--cj ft--#a--cj ft--7#c7 ,mr4 ,pr9ce1 ( ,yamhill c\nty1 has modifi$ 8 views some:at 9 reg>d to ! graft$ & se$l+ trees4 ,he ?9ks t possibly ! p]man5t or*>d %\ld be ( ! graft$ v>iety1 possibly on ! ,royal or ,cali=nia hybrid ( rapid gr[?4 ,he proposes ! above =m ( an or*>d4 ,! pr9cipal graft$ trees %\ld be plac$ 9 squ>e =m #fj feet ap>t1 repres5t$ by figures #c4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ^! squ>es at figures #b he w\ld ei!r plant ! same trees or "s o!r se$l+ v>iety :i* w br+ ! trees ab\t #db feet ap>t4 ,midway betwe5 ! ma9 graft$ trees he w\ld plant o!r trees1 or apple trees1 repres5t$ by figures #a 9 ! little squ>es4 ,?is w\ld make trees #cj feet ap>t4 ,at ! end ( #ae or #bj ye>s1 :5 ! trees possibly become cr[d$1 he w\ld remove ! ,no4 #a trees4 ,if ?is 7 an apple tree1 x w\ld already h s]v$ its be/ days & no great loss w\ld be _h by its removal4 ,at ! end ( #be or #cj ye>s we w\ld remove ,no4 #b1 if ! trees became cr[d$1 leav+ a p]man5t or*>d ( trees #fj feet ap>t1 #ab trees to ! acre4 ,?is is an excell5t arrangem5t1 & no d\bt ab\t ! be/ t has yet be5 propos$ = walnut culture 9 ,oregon4 ,x is be/ to plant 9 squ>e =m1 a tree to ! c5t] ( ea* squ>e1 =ty to sixty feet ap>t is ! rule4 ,b]ries1 small fruit1 potatoes1 vet*1 peas1 beans1 etc41 c be gr[n betwe5 ! trees :ile !y are "y1 leav+ six or eight feet free to be cultivat$ ea* side ( ! trees4 ,_m plant apples1 pea*es1 prunes or *]ries betwe5 walnut trees1 plann+ to cut !m out :5 ! latt] are ( su* size z to ne$ all ! space4 ,^! crops betwe5 ! r[s produce an income dur+ ! eight ye>s' wait+ = ! walnuts to come into be>+4 ,ea* gr[] mu/ decide ?is po9t accord+ to 8 situation1 always avoid+ gra9s & grasses4 ,,! ,,tap ,,root ,"s exp]im5t+ has be5 done & mu* speculation has be5 indulg$ reg>d+ ! tap root4 ,"o writ] disposes ( ! :ole subject 9 ?is mann]3 ,! cutt+ ( ! tap root 9 plant+ se$l+s has be5 a "q = mu* discussion1 _m gr[]s =m]ly hold+ t to cut x meant to kill ! tree4 ,?is has prov$ a mi/ake4 ,x has be5 practically demon/rat$ t ! tree ?rives bett] ) ! tap root cut if prop]ly done ) a %>p in/rum5t1 mak+ a clean cut4 ,new gr[? is !reby induc$1 ! abundance ( lat]al roots fe$ ! tree m satisfactorily & ! trees come into be>+ f two to ?ree ye>s e>li] ?an w\ld o!rwise be ! case4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,well ,plant$ ,tree ,be=e accept+ ?is z f9al x w\ld be well to make fur!r inquiry4 ,! summ]s ( we/]n ,oregon are practically ra9less & :5 ! k]nel 9 ! =m$ %ell is matur+ unless !re is irrigation a di/ress call is s5t d[n to ! roots = moi/ure1 if ! wea!r is v dry4 ,! lat]al roots _c supply ?is dire ne$ & if ! ma9 pump is n work+ away d[n deep 9 ! moi/ e>? ! k]nel w n fill well & may p]i% entirely4 ,= ?is reason no fibre ( ! tap root %\ld be di/urb$1 b r enc\rag$ by a well aug] hole1 bor$ be=e ! tree is plant$1 d[n to ! res]voir ( moi/ure t w n fail 9 ! drye/ season4 ,! moi/ure 9 a dry season z a rule is ne>] ! surface 9 ! valley ?an 9 ! hills & gives a bett] fill$ nut4 ,9 a wet season1 :5 ! gr\nd ev]y:]e is full ( moi/ure1 ! hills may produce a m abundant crop ?an ! valley1 b 9 ! run ( ye>s x w require m "t to prove :i* is mo/ valuable = walnut culture4 ,trees gr[ 9 ei!r place1 b he :o cuts ! tap root 9 any soil does s at ! p]il ( 8 crop 9 dry seasons4 ,( ! taproot1 ,wm4 ,m4 ,reece1 ( ! firm ( ,epps1 ,reece ,tillmont1 ,eug5e1 ,oregon1 writes3 ,! peculi> climatic conditions ( ! ,willamette ,valley1 :i* at a c]ta9 season ( ! ye> becomes semi-arid1 fully ju/ifies ! /atem5t t trees n hav+ a tap root are annually *eck$ 9 _! gr[? :5 irrigation is n us$2 :ile ^? t d h a tap root1 z d walnuts1 cont9ue to gr[ & ?rive ev5 9 ! drie/ wea!r4 ,! walnut %\ld be plant$1 h[ev]1 9 soil hav+ a subsoil free f any h>d sub/ance t w p]mit ! tap root to gr[ d[nw>d into ! /rata ( p]petual moi/ure4 ,?is has be5 mo/ ?or\ghly demon/rat$ 9 our walnut or*>d ?is1 ! drie/ ye> 9 ! memory ( old settl]s 9 ! ,valley4 ,:5 ! gr[? ( our apple1 *]ry & pea* trees ceas$ because ( ! dry wea!r1 our walnuts kept on gr[+ z if suppli$ by cont9u\s ra9s4 ,x is true t lib]al cultivation ?r\gh ! dry season w mat]ially aid ! gr[? ( all k9ds ( trees n hav+ a tap root & is indisp5sable to ! gr[? ( "y walnut trees1 trees t h n ext5d$ _! tap root d[n to p]petual moi/ure4 ,walnut trees1 9 ! op9ion ( ! writ]1 cease gr[+ upw>d :5 !y cease gr[+ d[nw>d2 t is to say1 :5 rock1 %ale or imp5etrable h>dpan /ops ! gr[? ( ! tap root1 ! tree has practically rea*$ its height4 ,!re=e1 9 plant+ a walnut grove1 bor+s %\ld be made to te/ ! dep? ( ! soil & "* ( ! subsoil4 ,unque/ionably ! be/ v>iety = ?is climate is ! ,franquette & next ! ,mayette4 ,graft$ trees are to be pref]r$ to se$l+s4 ,graft$ trees be> mu* soon] & ! fruit is m uni=m 9 size1 ?\gh a se$l+ t has atta9$ ! be>+ age w produce z mu* fruit z a graft$ tree ( ! same age2 ?is we h occasion to obs]ve f comp>isons 9 our own or*>d4 ,we h trees #ad ye>s old t bore #ajj p\nds at ! age ( #ab ye>s & ! product sold = #be;c a p\nd = plant+ purposes4 ,^? :o _h ! mis=tune to h ! t5d] %oots ( _! walnut trees kill$ by ! unusual fro/ e>ly la/ ,may1 %\ld n be disc\rag$4 ,j exam9e ! limbs n[ & y w f9d t ?ree or f\r m %oots grew out :]e ! "o 0 kill$4 ,?is makes m fruit buds = next ye> & ! %ortage ( crop ?is ye> w be m ?an made up next4 ,! writ] believes t walnut gr[+ w prove to be ! mo/ pr(itable indu/ry 9 ! ,willamette ,valley4 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,reece4 ,x seems to be a *>act]i/ic ( ! walnut & hickory1 & possibly o!r nut trees1 to s5d d[n a tap root deep into ! e>? to draw up ! di/ill$ & purifi$ moi/ure t has be5 ref9$ & sweet5$ 9 ! l[] dep?s4 ,! old] boys ( ! ,middle ,we/]n /ates c recall ! "t :5 !y w&]$ ?r\gh ! woods 9 late w9t] "t1 ) a long pole or rail on _! %\ld]s ) :i* !y pull$ hickory root4 ,! "y spr\t 0 )$ ar\nd ne> "o end ( ! pole1 !n all h&s put _! %\ld]s "u ! long end & ) an altoge!r1 heave1 oh1 draw up a tap root #d1 #f & #h feet long4 ,! l[e/ end 0 ! *oice/ & sweete/4 ,x 0 delici\s & 9 ! division ( a day's hunt "s ( ^! f\nd _! way to 8 be/ girl at s*ool4 ,:e!r ! wat] d[n 9 ^! l[] dep?s possesses ^! qualities1 & t !y are necess>y to give ! ,oregon walnut its sup]iority is yet a matt] ( speculation1 b t ^! conditions exi/ is well kn[n & %\ld h fulle/ consid]ation by ! intellig5t walnut culturi/4 ,illu/ration3 ,tap ,root ( a ,two-ye>-old ,black ,walnut %[+ h[ ! root gr[s d[n to p]man5t wat] level1 ?us insur+ full crops reg>dless ( wea!r conditions ,cut ( tap root ( a #b-ye>-old ,am]ican ,black :i* grew 9 ! l[] r$ hill l& ( ,yamhill ,c\nty4 ,!re is b "o lat]al root ne> ! surface & ?is 0 probably caus$ by ! tap root /rik+ h>d] soil on its way d[n to p]man5t moi/ure level4 ,?is tap root is #c feet long & ne>ly #f in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ object lessons to be _h 9 walnut culture 9 ,oregon4 ,?\gh ! ,willamette ,valley has practically f\r ra9less mon?s ( sun%9e1 irrigation is unnecess>y4 ,!re is no o!r c\ntry comp>able to x4 ,its cool & dewy summ] nights1 toge!r ) its great subt]ranean res]voir suppli$ by ! w9t] ra9s1 are ! reasons :y its crops nev] fail & :y its fruits fill r$1 r\nd & lusci\s1 & :y ! walnut has s p]si/5tly %[n its pref]5ce = ?is favor$ region4 ,,walnut ,,cultivation ,:ile ! walnut is ! h>die/ ( trees & 9 _m cases has borne heavily 9 ,oregon )\t cultivation1 exp]i5ce has prov$ t1 l fruit trees1 cultivation up to ! t5? or twelf? ye>s increases ! gr[?1 ! yield & ! quality ( ! product4 ,aft] full maturity no fur!r cultivation is necess>y1 ! tree tak+ c>e ( itself ) ! indep5d5ce ( any =e/ tree4 ,) a "y grove x is be/ to pl[ betwe5 ! r[s aft] ! ra9s cease 9 ! spr+1 & !n /ir ! gr\nd occasionally all ?r\gh ! summ] ) ! h>r[ or disk2 ?is holds ! moi/ure4 ,:5 "s trees seem backw>d a tr5* %\ld be dug "s two feet or s away1 & a c\ple ( feet deep1 fill$ ) f]tiliz] & clos$ ov]4 ,?is w enc\rage h>di] & m rapid gr[?4 ,lime c also be us$ ) good effect1 x be+ cu/om>y 9 ,engl& to haul wagon loads to ! walnut l&s4 ,cont9ually hoe+ & digg+ con/itute ! be/ treatm5t1 z "o tree on ! ,pr9ce place1 a ,mayette1 has prov$4 ,x 0 giv5 daily cultivation1 by way ( exp]im5t1 & m ?an d\bl$ ! size & yield ( o!r trees ( ! same age n s treat$4 ,,prun+ ,,walnuts ,walnuts require v little prun+4 ,h[ev]1 to d well !y mu/ h pl5ty ( light & air1 & !re mu/ be room "u ! trees to cultivate4 ,to ?is end1 keep all lat]al gr[?s remov$ ! fir/ two ye>s1 pu%+ ! /rong t]m9al gr[?4 ,"y trees s treat$ (t5 make five or six feet 9 t "t4 ,!y mu/ be /ak$ & ti$ ) a broad /rip ( clo?4 ,cross ! clo? betwe5 ! /ake & ! twig s z n to bruise ! t5d] wood4 ,z ! limbs beg9 to gr[ take out an occasional "o to prev5t ! tree becom+ too ?ick4 ,:5 l>ge limbs are remov$1 cut on ! slant1 c>efully wax+ to prev5t decay4 ,head+-9 is (t5 b5eficial :5 ! tree does n seem to be fruitful4 ,tra9 ! trees upw>d z mu* z possible4 ,9 ,r\mania & "s ( ! ea/]n c\ntries ( ,europe1 "s ( ! walnut trees h su* an enorm\s spread t a flock ( five hundr$ %eep c lie 9 com=t b5ea? ! %ade ( "o tree & h ample room4 ,if ?is v9e-l t5d5cy to spread c be obviat$ by intellig5tly tra9+ ! trees upw>d1 & its productiv5ess ma9ta9$ or increas$1 ! walnut gr[] ( ,oregon w h accompli%$ mu* 9 ! cons]vation ( our res\rces4 ,at pres5t we c make a tree t w produce #ejj p\nds ( walnuts 9 #be to #cj ye>s4 ,) #ab trees to ! acre1 w give #fjjj p\nds ( nuts2 two & "o-half times t ( :eat at #dj bu%els p] acre1 & !y w n require ! exp5sive refrig]ator c>s & rapid transit ( p]i%able fruits4 ,,tra9+ ,,! ,,trees ,x w only be necess>y to tra9 ! limbs 9 sev5 or eight feet all r\nd to be able to d\ble ! numb] ( trees to ! acre4 ,!n tra9 ! trees skyw>d & increase ! numb] ( nut-be>+ b\ghs1 & ! yield w be increas$ accord+ly4 ,if ! nuts on ! high] bran*es fill z well z on ! l[]1 ! tree c n be made to gr[ too high1 because we h no viol5t /orms to ?r[ d[n ! trees1 & ! nuts are self-ga!r+4 ,^! & _m o!r valuable & int]e/+ problems 9 ! indu/ry are to be work$ out4 ,accord+ to ,pr(4 ,lewis1 :o is good au?ority1 a lat] & bett] me?od is to cut ! "y tree back to #d feet & make x ?r[ out ?ree or f\r lat]als4 ,:5 ^! lat]als are fully gr[n1 b9d !m up 9 a bundle "o or two feet diamet] ) s(t /r&s ( rope4 ,9 ! dormant season cut ^! lat]als back to ab\t two feet4 ,?is w multiply ! bran*es4 ,cut back ! new gr[?s aga9 ! next ye>1 & s on2 ?is w greatly increase ! nut-be>+ b\ghs & w tra9 ! tree upw>d4 ,?is seems to be ! mo/ s5sible me?od ( prun+ yet propos$4 ,,no ,,diseases ,,injure ,,oregon ,,walnuts ,! s(t1 moi/ atmosph]e ( we/]n ,oregon1 s favorable to ! ,engli% walnut1 seems :olly unfavorable to pe/s t de/roy ! crop 9 o!r climates4 ,a crop has nev] be5 lo/ or mat]ially injur$ 9 ,oregon ?r\gh ^! s\rces2 9 fact1 s free are ! ,oregon trees ( su* enemies t little ?\ght or att5tion has be5 giv5 to ?is phase ( ! subject4 ,9 a few localities :]e cat]pill>s h attack$ ! foliage !y h be5 quickly eradicat$ by an ars5ic spray4 ,fumigat+ w kill insect life4 ,a bact]ial disease t has made its appe>ance 9 ,cali=nia has n be5 se5 9 ?is /ate4 ,w9t] spray ( lime & sulphur w kill moss & li*5s1 :i* are ab\t ! only p>asites t attempt to fa/5 on ,oregon walnut trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,old ,walnut ,trees ,plant$ ,ab\t #ahej ,ne> ,mc,minnville1 on ! ,yamhill ,riv] ,illu/ration3 ,,poll9ation ,! ,walnut ,,poll9ation ,e fruit & nut gr[] %\ld "k ! simple !ory ( poll9ation4 ,:5 a tree appe>s ?rifty b fails to produce1 n9e times 9 t5 ! tr\ble is ) ! poll9ation4 ,! walnut is bi-sexual & self-f]tile2 ! /am9ate catk9s appe> fir/1 at ! end ( ! ye>'s gr[? 7see ,fig4 #a71 & ! female blossoms1 or pi/illates1 f "o to ?ree weeks lat] at ! end ( ! new gr[? 7see ,fig4 #b74 ,?us ! /am9ate catk9s sometimes fall be=e ! pi/illates =m1 & naturally !re is no poll9ation & no crop4 ,?is %\ld n disc\rage ! gr[] or cause him to uproot 8 trees4 ,(t5 by wait+ a few seasons--if ! tree is ( ! correct v>iety--! tr\ble may "r itself4 ,_m gr[]s h gott5 a crop f s+le trees :]e !re 0 tr\ble ) ! poll9ation by artificially f]tiliz+1 t is1 %ak+ ! poll5 f f]tile trees1 ev5 black walnut1 ov] ! b>r5 pi/illates4 ,birds1 insects1 & ! breezes c>ry poll5 f "o tree to ano!r4 ,!re=e1 if nuts = se$ are desir$1 keep ea* grove ( pure /ra9 sep>ate t !re may be no det]ioration ow+ to cross-f]tilization4 ,b ! mix$ or*>d may be> be/4 ,"s v>ieties ( walnut trees--notably ! ,los ,angeles--are suitable only = %ade 9 ,oregon & %\ld n be plant$ ) any o!r ?\ght 9 m9d4 ,! /am9ate blossoms ( ?is v>iety appe> six weeks ahead ( ! pi/illates &1 !re be+ no poll9ation1 naturally !re are no nuts4 ,illu/ration3 ,be/ 9 ! ,_w1 ,oregon ,walnuts ,illu/ration3 ,dry+ ! ,nuts ,,! ,,h>ve/ ,! h>ve/ comes 9 ,octob]1 a conv5i5t season :]e !re are fruit crops to be tak5 c>e (4 ,! process is extremely simple1 be+ little m ?an an old-fa%ion$ nut ga!r+4 ,:5 ripe1 ! nuts fall to ! gr\nd1 %$d+ _! hulls on ! way4 ,!y are pick$ up by boys1 girls1 m5 & wom54 ,dur+ ! h>ve/ ?ree or f\r r\nds mu/ be made ?r\gh ! grove1 p]haps a week elaps+ betwe5 trips1 ea* "t slightly %ak+ ! trees to make ! ripe nuts fall4 ,on ! la/ r\nd1 a padd$ mallet ) a long h&le is us$ to dislodge ! rema9+ nuts4 ,! exp5se ( h>ve/+ is slight1 five or six p be+ suffici5t to c>e = a fifty-acre grove4 ,,wa%+ ,,& ,,dry+ ,:5 ! nuts are ga!r$ & br\ght 9 !y are put into a revolv+ b>rel-*urn hold+ ab\t #ab to #af gallons4 ,two buckets ( wat] & ab\t ! same ( walnuts are put 9 toge!r & ! *urn revolv$ = "s m9utes4 ,!n ! nuts are tak5 out & spread on wire crates & plac$ 9 ! sun2 !y %\ld be rak$ ov] two or ?ree times a day4 ,or1 if ! wea!r is wet1 !y may be plac$ 9 ! dry-h\se 9 a good draught at ab\t #gj degrees ,f4 ,9 an artificial dry+ if ! heat becomes too great ! nuts w be rancid1 z ! oil-cells w bur/3 s bett] err on ! side ( und]heat+ ?an ov]heat+4 ,if left out ( doors1 cov] c>efully to protect f dew4 ,! crates = outdoor dry+ are plac$ on tre/les 9 "s ,cali=nia groves1 9 ord] t ! air may circulate ?r\gh ! nuts4 ,?is is mu* bett] ?an plac+ !m on ! gr\nd1 :]e !y draw dampness4 ,,sort+ ,,& ,,grad+ ,aft] ! walnuts are ga!r$1 wa%$1 dri$ & /or$ = a week or s to te/ ! correctness ( _! dry+1 !y are ready to be grad$ by pass+ ov] a siz$ scre54 ,! *oice/ ones w sell at top m>ket prices1 & ! culls a little "u4 ,! ,pr9ce grove h>ve/ is nev] grad$1 z he f9ds ready sale at highe/ prices = ! entire output j z x runs aft] sort+ out ! few imp]fect nuts4 ,,pack+ ,,& ,,%ipp+ ,!y are next put into p\nd c>tons1 or #ej-p\nd bags1 common gunny sacks1 ready = ! m>ket4 ,n be+ p]i%able none are lo/ 9 %ipp+ or by keep+4 ,walnuts f ,oregon groves h be5 kept two ye>s1 ta/+ z sweet & fre% z ^? 9 _! fir/ season4 ,long hauls are n objectionable1 z ! r\gh h&l+ is n injuri\s to ! well-seal$ v>ieties gr[n 9 ,oregon4 ,9 ?is !y h an advantage ov] fruit4 ,,walnut ,,yield ,,p] ,,acre ,:ile x is g5]ally f\nd t se$l+ trees prop]ly treat$ come into be>+ ! eigh? ye>1 ?is crop is usually light1 d\bl+ ea* successive season = sev5 or eight ye>s4 ,f !n on !re is a /eady increase 9 crop & h>d9ess = _m ye>s4 ,(t5 trees 9 ,oregon be> 9 _! six? ye>2 :ile !re are in/ances on record ( trees set out 9 ,febru>y be>+ ! foll[+ autumn4 ,?is is no crit]ion1 h[ev]1 m]ely an in/ance illu/rat+ ! unusual ri*ness ( ,oregon soil1 & its p]fect adaptability to walnut culture4 ,?irty-five acres on ! ,pr9ce place yield$ at twelve ye>s1 twelve tons ( f9e nuts1 :i* 7 sold at #ah & #bj c5ts a p\nd1 two c5ts above ! m>ket price1 mak+ an av]age ( #abe p] acre4 ,ano!r grove ( two acres yield$ 9 _! n9? ye> two tons1 or a ton to ! acre1 nett+ ! own] #cfj an acre4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,qu>nb]g's elev5-ye>-old trees av]ag$ tw5ty-five p\nds ea*4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,j4 ,biddle's t5 & twelve-ye>-old trees av]ag$ ?irty p\nds ea*4 ,"o hundr$ fifty doll>s an acre f twelve-ye>-old trees is a cons]vative e/imate1 ?\gh "s groves n cultivat$ may fall "u t figure1 :ile o!rs 9 a high /ate ( cultivation w almo/ d\ble x4 ,,! ,,walnut ,,m>ket ,! v fact t 9 #aijg ,oregon-gr[n walnuts comm&$ sev]al c5ts a p\nd high] price ?an ^? gr[n else:]e indicates _! m>ket value4 ,:5 ord9>y nuts sold = #ab & #af c5ts a p\nd ,oregon nuts br\ght #ah & #bj c5ts4 ,new ,york deal]s :o cat] to ! co/lie/ trade ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & :o h nev] h&l$ = ?is purpose any b ! f9e/ types ( import$ nuts1 pron\nc$ ! ,oregon product satisfactory f e /&po9t--f9ely flavor$1 nutty1 meaty & delici\s4 ,!y 7 glad to pay an extra price to secure all t 7 available4 ,9 ! home m>ket ! lead+ deal]s ( ,portl& & ,nor?we/ cities readily dispose ( all ( ! ,oregon walnuts obta9able at an advanc$ price4 ,9 fact1 ! ,oregon walnut has comm&$ a premium 9 e m>ket into :i* x has be5 introduc$4 ,cali=nia walnuts are l>gely %ipp$ ea/1 ! p]c5tage ent]+ ! nor!rn m>kets be+ comp>atively small4 ,! annual sum exp5d$ 9 ,oregon = import$ nuts at ! pres5t "t is #djj1jjj4 ,:5 ! ,oregon gr[]s are able to supply ! home dem& alone1 %utt+ out importations1 ! population ( ,oregon w h m ?an d\bl$1 & ! am\nt exp5d$ 9 ?is /ate = walnuts w approa* if x does n exce$ ! million-doll> m>k4 ,9 addition to ?is ! ea/]n m>kets w be clamor+ = ,oregon walnuts1 z !y n[ absorb ,hood ,riv] apples1 ,willamette valley *]ries & ,rogue ,riv] valley pe>s4 ,) ea/]n buy]s always ready to pay an extra price = extra grade products1 sup]ior grades ( ,oregon walnuts w und\bt$ly be contract$ =1 leav+ only ! culls = home consumption4 ,x has be5 cons]vatively e/imat$ t at ! rate ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is increas+1 & ! rate walnut consumption is increas+1 by ! "t e available acre 9 ,oregon is 9 full be>+ ! supply w /ill fall f> %ort ( ! dem&4 ,judg+ by pa/ exp]i5ce 9 ,cali=nia ?is is no *im]ical conception4 ,s9ce #ahif ! walnut crop 9 t /ate has /eadily increas$1 & 9 l proportion has ! price advanc$1 f sev5 c5ts 9 #ahif to tw5ty c5ts 9 #aijg4 ,,comp>$ ,,) ,,fruit ,9 comp>+ walnut culture ) fruit1 "o mu/ take into consid]ation ! fact t di/ance f transportation facilities is n a detrim5t2 t !re is v little exp5se 9 putt+ out or ma9ta9+ a walnut grove2 t insects1 blight & disease are unkn[n to walnut groves ( ,oregon1 ?us obviat+ ! co/ ( spray+2 t ! exp5se ( h>ve/+ is exce$+ly light2 t no nut-fruit p]i%es--t x does n ne$ to be sold at once1 b w keep indef9itely1 mak+ a lo/ crop practically impossible4 ,x is e/imat$ by exp]i5c$ walnut gr[]s t ! annual co/ ( cultivation & prun+ %\ld n exce$ #aj an acre1 :ile h>ve/+ %\ld n exce$ #bj c5ts p] hundr$ p\nds4 ,x is a simple matt] to figure ! pr(its4 ,! orig9al inve/m5t 9 a walnut grove may be made a comp>atively small am\nt2 ?us x appeals p>ticul>ly to ^? ( limit$ means4 ,,! ,,p\nd ,,package ,x is difficult or impossible to e/abli% a uni=m package good = e ye>4 ,walnuts are n l o!r fruits2 size is n a sure indication ( weight4 ,! p\nd package us$ by ,mr4 ,?os4 ,pr9ce is #c-c_/d x #d-a_/b x #e-a_/d in*es1 :i* 9 #aijg :5 fill$ weigh$ #ag ounces1 9 #aijh x weigh$ #af ounces1 & 9 ! dry ye> ( #aiji x weigh$ b #ad ounces4 ,,walnut ,,confection]y ,! cut on page #e %[s ! be/ me?od ( crack+ walnuts to extract ! k]nel 9 halves )\t break+4 ,grasp ! nut betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] at ! seam1 place on a h>d surface ( /one or iron & /rike %>ply ) a light hamm] only suffici5t to crack ! %ell )\t cru%+ ! k]nel4 ,?is me?od is us$ by mo/ manufactur]s ( great v>ieties ( walnut confection]y1 "s ( :i* are %[n 9 ! picture4 ,walnut *ocolates1 walnut taffy1 walnut log1 pano*e1 n\gat & _m o!r articles1 z well z walnut sundries to put on di%es ( ice cream are among ! ta/y confections = :i* ! dem& is v great4 ,,walnuts ,,9 ,,cook+ ,a few ( ! delightful ways 9 :i* walnuts may be us$ on ! table3 ,,nut ,,bread #a p\nd h>d :eat fl\r4 #a p\nd :ole :eat fl\r4 #a cup good yea/4 #a cup gr\nd walnuts4 #a tablespoonful ,orleans molasses4 #b tablespoonfuls melt$ l>d or butt]4 ,mix ) w>m wat]2 let x raise q light1 !n m\ld1 raise & bake z o!r bread4 ,,gems ,graham1 :eatlet or cornmeal gems are greatly improv$ by add+ a few walnut k]nels gr\nd f9e4 ,,nut ,,cake #c eggs1 yolks & :ites beat5 sep>ately1 #a_/b cup--scant--butt]1 #c_/d cup milk1 #a cup walnuts gr\nd or *opp$1 #a-a_/b cups granulat$ sug>1 #a_/b teaspoonful ea* ( lemon & vanilla1 #b teaspoonfuls bak+ p[d]1 fl\r to make a mod]ately /iff batt]4 ,,*ocolate ,,nut ,,cake #c eggs1 #c_/d cup ea* ( br[n & :ite sug>1 #c_/d cup ( c(fee & milk mix$1 #a cup gr\nd walnuts1 #d tablespoonfuls melt$ butt]1 #b teaspoonfuls gr\nd *ocolate or cocoa1 mo/ ( #a nutmeg grat$1 #b teaspoonfuls bak+ p[d]1 fl\r to make mod]ately /iff batt]4 ,m satisfactory results are obta9$ by bak+ ei!r ( ^! cakes 9 two deep lay]cake t9s & putt+ ! two p>ts toge!r ) any good fill+4 ,,nut ,,cookies #c cups sug>--,extra ,c pref]r$--#c_/d p\nd ( butt]1 #b or #c eggs1 #a cup ( wat]1 #a teaspoonful ( bak+ p[d]1 #a_/b a nutmeg1 a little g+] & c9namon1 #a cup walnuts gr\nd f9e1 #d cups ( fl\r4 ,roll ?9 & bake 9 a quick ov54 ,,apple ,,nut ,,salad #d cups ( good t>t apples cut 9 small cubes or *opp$ n too f9e1 #a cup ( co>sely gr\nd1 or *opp$ nuts4 ,/ir lightly into ^! #a cup ( sug> & #a_/b ( a nutmeg grat$ f9e4 ,,dress+ ,,= ,,same #b-c cup ( cold wat]1 #b tablespoons /rong v9eg>1 #a_/b cup ( sug>4 ,add "o egg1 well beat54 ,put ?is on ! /ove & /ir con/antly until well cook$4 ,if ?is is done c>efully x w n curdle4 ,take f ! /ove & add a lump ( butt] ! size ( a walnut1 grate 9 a little nutmeg & /ir g5tly until ! butt] is well melt$ & mix$4 ,"s :ipp$ cream may be add$ to ?is :5 cool if desir$ or conv5i5t4 ,,by-,,products ,9 addition to walnuts z nuts1 !y pay h&somely z pickles4 ,= ?is purpose !y mu/ be pick$ gre54 ,?is c\ld be made a mo/ pr(itable side indu/ry 9 connection ) l>ge groves4 ,"o gr[] _h an inquiry = two c>loads ( gre5 walnuts to be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,l>ge quantities are import$ annually & !y sell at v high prices4 ,!y are also us$ = dye+ purposes1 giv+ a beautiful br[n %ade difficult to obta9 except ) walnut hulls4 ,oil :i* is (t5 sub/itut$ = olive oil is manufactur$ f walnuts1 ?us sugge/+ ano!r comm]cial av5ue4 ,"o hundr$ p\nds ( walnuts produce eighte5 p\nds ( oil4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a1 #a ,vrooman ,franquette4 ,no4 #b1 #b ,mayette4 ,no4 #c1 #c ,mayette ,r\ge4 ,no4 #d1 #d ,p>isi5ne4 ,no4 #e1 #e ,praep>turi54 ,no4 #f #f ,*ab]te4 ,no4 #g4 ,clu/]4 ,plate ,"o ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a #a ,franquette4 ,no4 #b1 #b ,glady4 ,no4 #c #c ,payne4 ,no4 #d #d ,mayette4 ,no4 #e1 #e ,meylan4 ,no4 #f1 #f ,p>isi5ne4 ,no4 #g1 ,clu/]4 ,no4 #h1 ,praep>turi54 ,plate ,two ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,?ree ,! ,pr9ce ( ,yamhill ,,v>ieties ,! beautiful nuts %[n on ,plate #c are se$l+s f ! or*>d ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,pr9ce1 ( ,yamhill c\nty4 ,!y are probably ! h&some/ walnut z to size1 =m & color z well z ta/e t may be f\nd any:]e4 ,! tree has n _h an or*>d try-out yet4 ,if x proves to be a good be>] ) ! o!r qualities suitable = ?is climate & soil condition1 x w ent] ! field high up 9 ! /&>d ( excell5ce4 ,!re is "s discrepancy 9 :at con/itutes /&>d v>ieties ( walnuts4 ,we h endeavor$ to get nuts bo? f ,oregon & ,cali=nia to fix a uni=m und]/&+ z to ! diff]5t v>ieties4 ,! types submitt$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,mc,gill ( ! ,oregon ,nurs]y ,co41 ,plate #a1 are ,no4 #a1 #a ,vrooman ,franquette1 ,no4 #b1 #b ,mayette1 ,no4 #c1 #c ,mayette ,r\ge1 ,no4 #d1 #d ,p>isi5ne1 ,no4 #e1 #e ,praep>turi51 ,no4 #f1 #f ,*ab]te1 ,no4 #g1 ,clu/]4 ,plate ,no4 #b1 by ,mr4 ,f]d ,gron]1 ,no4 #a1 #a ,franquette1 ,no4 #b1 #b ,glady1 ,no4 #c1 #c ,payne1 ,no4 #d1 #d ,mayette1 ,no4 #e1 #e ,meylan1 ,no4 #f1 #f ,p>isi5ne1 ,no4 #g ,clu/]1 ,no4 #h ,praep>turi51 are ab\t z ne> uni=mly correct z we h4 ,! ,*ab]te nuts1 :i* confection]s use1 are a special indu/ry1 ! k]nels be+ slipp$ out ( ! %ells )\t break+1 & sold 9 ?is =m4 ,all ! small] nuts1 ! imp]fect ones--! culls--f9d ready sale bo? %ell$ & un%ell$ = ! manufacture ( walnut c&y1 walnut cake1 etc4 ,,weights1 ,,k]nel ,,& ,,ta/e ,! fir/ ,walnut ,%[ 0 held at ,mc,minnville1 ,novemb] #a1 #aijg1 & 0 judg$ by ,h4 ,m4 ,williamson1 ,secret>y ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,horticulture4 ,mo/ ( ! foll[+ memor&a on weights are tak5 f 8 report3 ,james ,morrison1 ,franquette #cb to ! p\nd ,f4 ,w4 ,my]s1 ,mayette #cd ,f4 ,w4 ,my]s1 ,se$l+ #ce ,james ,morrison1 ,se$l+ ,franquette #db ,james ,morrison1 ,graft$ ,mayette #ch ,d4 ,h4 ,turn]1 ,se$l+s #db ,james ,morrison1 ,blan*e ,mayette #cd ,james ,morrison1 ,gr5oble ,mayette #cb ,d4 ,h4 ,turn]1 ,p>ry #dh ,mayette ,%ap$ ,praep>turi5s #fd ,r4 ,p4 ,ung]man1 ,se$l+s #ej ,bl& ,h]r+1 ,praep>turi5s #ch ,bl& ,h]r+1 ,bij\ #bb ,pleasant ,coz9e1 ,se$l+s #db ,casey tree1 ,se$l+ #ee ,e4 ,e/es1 f\r? g5]ation f ,casey tree #eb ,?os4 ,pr9ce ,se$l+ #dj ,d]r ,tree1 ,p>ry #fj ,! inve/igations 9 reg>d to relative weights ( k]nel & %ell ( ! diff]5t v>ieties is made up f an article read by ,mr4 ,f]d ,gron] be=e ! ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 ,decemb]1 #aiji4 ,! ,vrooman ,franquette %ell & k]nel weigh$ equal4 ,! ,payne ,se$l+ gave slightly m k]nel ?an %ell4 ,! ,mayette slightly m %ell ?an k]nel4 ,! ,meylan1 %ell & k]nel equal4 ,! ,gladys1 %ell & k]nel equal4 ,franquette1 ne> ,salem1 %ell weigh$ two & "o-half times t ( k]nel4 ,o!r exp]im5ts %[ t ! ,praep>turi5 %ell & k]nel are ab\t equal4 ,:ile ! weight ( ! k]nel is ( great importance to ! consum]1 ! ta/e & dige/ibility is /ill m s4 ,9 ?is is ! food value ( ! walnut4 ,! food value w 9 "t be ! comm]cial value4 ,!re is v little v>iation 9 ! ta/e ( any "o v>iety ( wild nuts or fruits1 b ! cultivat$ walnut1 z well z ! cultivat$ pea* & apple1 has a great v>iety ( ta/es1 & x does n require an exp]t to di/+ui% ! good f ! poor qualities4 ,walnuts %\ld be grad$ z to v>iety1 ! v>ieties %\ld !n be grad$ z to size1 b ! p>am\nt duty ( ! gr[] is to produce a creamy1 delici\s walnut ( excell5t flavor4 ,! soil & climate has prov5 _! excell5ce1 & x is n[ = ! intellig5t gr[] to d 8 "p4 ,,:o ,,%\ld ,,inve/ ,pr(essional m5 & wom51 bus9ess m5 & wom51 ^? liv+ 9 cities & t[ns & conf9$ to (fices1 /ores & factories1 w f9d an inve/m5t 9 =ty or fifty acres ( walnut l& at ! pres5t "t :olly )9 _! possibilities4 ,special t]ms c be arrang$ & _! groves plant$ & c>$ = at small co/4 ,:ile !y are work+ _! groves w be gr[+ t[>d maturity1 & 9 less ?an a decade !y may be free f ! dem&s ( daily r\t9e3 ! grove w furni% an income1 increas+ ea* season until ! tw5tie? ye>1 & w prove ! mo/ pleasant k9d ( old age annuity1 & ! ri*e/ inh]itance a man c\ld leave 8 *ildr54 ,! practical f>m]1 or ! inexp]i5c$ man :o desires to escape ! tyranny ( city "w by way ( ! soil w f9d t a walnut grove (f]s an imm$iate home1 a liv+ f small fruits & vegetables :ile 8 trees are matur+1 & at ! end ( eight or t5 ye>s1 ! beg9n+ ( an income t w e ye> !reaft] increase1 :ile ! labor exact$ w gradually less5 until x am\nts to practically no?+4 ,l re>+ *ildr51 a walnut gr[]'s tr\bles are ov] ) ! trees' infant days4 ,! capitali/ c f9d no bett] place = 8 money ?an safely inve/$ 9 ,oregon walnut l&s2 ! rise is c]ta9 & ne>4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,meat ( ! ,walnut ,"s ye>s ago ,outlook1 a mo/ cons]vative publication1 spoke ( ! ,engli% walnut z a tree ( va/ comm]cial importance 9 ! f> we/4 ,lu!r ,burbank /ates3 ,! consumption ( walnuts is increas+ among all civiliz$ nations fa/] ?an any o!r food4 ,,conclusion ,b4 ,m4 ,lelong1 ,secret>y ( ! ,cali=nia ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,horticulture1 wrote 9 #ahif3 ,cali=nia gr[]s h _h a long & v>i$ exp]i5ce ) _m failures1 & :5 !y f9ally began to place _! walnuts on ! m>ket !y 7 oblig$ to accept ! humiliat+ price ( f #c to #f c5ts a p\nd less ?an t paid = import$ walnuts4 ,9 ,oregon ! rev]se is true4 ,our walnuts comm& a price above t paid = walnuts rais$ any:]e else4 ,! size1 crack+-out quantity1 delicate flavor & delici\s creamy ta/e1 are ! qualities t give ! ,oregon walnut its surpass+ excell5ce4 ,if we h ?is pre-em95ce at ! beg9n+ ( ! indu/ry1 :at may we expect :5 intellig5t cultivation has produc$ ! be/ grade ( walnuts ( :i* our soil & climate are capable8 ,to ,oregon1 !n1 ) its va/ areas adapt$ to ?is indu/ry1 mu/ ! _w look = its great annual walnut h>ve/ 9 ! ye>s to come4 ,! f>-see+ man w secure an int]e/ 9 ,oregon walnut l&s n[1 be=e speculation & a g5]al awak5+ to _! real value h boo/$ ! price to t ( walnut l&s else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,view 9 ,pr9ce ,walnut ,grove ,dundee1 ,oregon ,,oregon ,,walnut ,,area ,,by ,,c\nties ,note3 ,! price ( l& v>ies accord+ to location2 ! *eap] l& is n all cle>$4 ,groves n[ ,be>+ trees4 ,available l&4 ,price ,c\nty4 plant$4 p] acre4 ,wa%+ton ,_m "y ,a numb] be> ,?\s&s ( ones4 full crops4 acres4 #be to #bjj4 ,multnomah ,sev]al "y ,_m scatt]$4 ,sev]al groves4 ?\s&4 #ej to #bjj4 ,yamhill #c1jjj acres4 #e1jjj trees4 #dj1jjj acres2 e qu>t] section has suitable l&4 #ej to #bej4 ,clackamas #ajj acres4 ,_m scatt]$2 ,sev]al "o grove4 ?\s&4 #bj to #ejj4 ,polk ,sev]al hundr$ #ajj trees4 ,_m ?\s&4 #be to #ajj4 acres4 ,m>ion ,a few ,a numb] 9 ,hundr$s be>+4 ( acres4 #bj to #ejj4 ,b5ton ,no record4 ,no record4 ,_m acres #bj to #ajj4 ,l9n ,sev]al "y ,sev]al ,_m hundr$ groves4 scatt]$4 acres4 #bj to #ejj4 ,lane #cjj acres4 ,a few scatt]$2 #aj1jjj4 #fj to #abe4 be> heavily4 ,d\glas ,none4 ,_m2 load$ ,?\s&s #be to #ajj4 ) nuts ( acres4 ,joseph9e ,no record4 ,a numb]2 ,hundr$s scatt]$4 ( acres4 ,no record8 ,jackson #cj or #dj acres4 ,hundr$s ,sev]al scatt]$ ?\s&4 #be to #bbe4 ?r\gh valley load$ ) nuts4 ,bak] ,a few groves4 ,_m produc+ ,?\s&s ( 7,ea/]n ,ore47 trees4 acres4 #be to #aej8 ,,gold ,,m$al ,,walnut ,,exhibit 7,see cut on foll[+ page7 ,la/ ye> ! ,walnut club ( ,mc,minnville made an exhibit ( home gr[n walnuts at ! ,a4-,y4-,p4 ,exposition & 0 aw>d$ a gold m$al4 ,!y h a v attractive & arti/ic way ( putt+ up an exhibit1 classify+ & arrang+ ! diff]5t v>ieties 9 glass cases 9 su* a mann] z to attract univ]sal att5tion & call =? ! he>tie/ exclamations ( admiration4 ,! accompany+ cut %[s "o ( _! exhibits 9 position4 ,x is n9e feet high & ne>ly five feet wide & is fac$ alike on bo? sides4 ,?is club 0 organiz$ = ! purpose ( /udy+ ! walnut indu/ry 9 all its details4 ,!y employ sci5ti/s & exp]ts to tell h[ & to demon/rate ! v>i\s me?ods ( walnut culture4 ,!re are scores ( #e & #aj-;acre tracts plant$ to walnuts 9 ! vic9ity1 z well z exp]im5tal trees on ! lots 9 t[n & along ! /reets4 ,!y call ,mc,minnville ,! ,walnut ,city4 ,illu/ration3 ,walnut ,exhibit z prep>$ by ! ,walnut ,club ( ,mc,minnville = ! display ( ,,oregon ,,gr[n ,,walnuts 9 sev]al ( ! pr9cipal ,ea/]n ,(fices ( ! ,,oregon ,,railroad ,,navigation ,,co4 & ,,s\!rn ,,pacific ,,co4 7,l9es 9 ,oregon7 ,,railroad ,,repres5tatives ,:o w take pleasure 9 giv+ all desir$ in=mation z to rates1 r\tes1 tra9 s*$ules1 hotel accommodations1 etc41 & make advance arrangem5ts = trips4 ,,ea/4 ,new ,york3 ,j4 ,b4 ,de,friest1 ,g54 ,ea/]n ,agt41 ,u4 ,p4 ,r4 ,r41 #bhg ,broadway ,new ,york3 ,l4 ,h4 ,nutt+1 ,g54 ,pass4 ,agt41 ,s4 ,p4 ,s4 ,s4 ,co41 #cff ,broadway ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,will>d ,massey1 ,n4 ,e4 ,frt4 ,pass4 ,agt41 #agf ,wa%4 ,/4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa43 ,s4 ,c4 ,milb\rne1 ,g4 ,a41 ,u4 ,p4 ,r4 ,r41 #hcj ,*e/nut ,/4 ,r4 ,j4 ,smi?1 ,ag5t1 ,s4 ,p4 ,co41 #fcb ,*e/nut ,/4 ,pittsburg1 ,pa43 ,g4 ,g4 ,h]r+1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #gjg ,p>k ,bldg4 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio3 ,w4 ,h4 ,connor1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #ec ,ea/ ,f\r? ,/4 ,detroit1 ,mi*43 ,j4 ,c4 ,f]guson1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #aa ,=t ,/41 ,we/ ,,middle ,,we/4 ,*icago1 ,ill43 ,w4 ,g4 ,neimy]1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #abj ,jackson ,b\lev>d ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo43 ,j4 ,g4 ,l[e1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #ijc ,olive ,/4 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo43 ,h4 ,g4 ,kaill1 ,as/4 ,g54 ,frt4 ,pass4 ,agt41 ,u4 ,p4 ,r4 ,r41 #ija ,walnut ,/4 ,/4 ,joseph1 ,mo43 ,s4 ,e4 ,/ohr1 ,g54 ,frt4 ,pass4 ,agt41 ,/4 ,j4 ,g4 ,i4 ,r4 ,r4 ,leav5wor?1 ,kan43 ,j4 ,j4 ,h>tnett1 ,g54 ,agt41 ,rooms #i-aa ,nat4 ,bank ,bldg4 ,c\ncil ,bluffs1 ,i[a3 ,j4 ,c4 ,mit*ell1 ,city ,ticket ,ag5t1 #ebb ,broadway ,des ,mo9es1 ,i[a3 ,j4 ,w4 ,turtle1 ,trav4 ,pass4 ,agt41 #cac ,w4 ,fif? ,/4 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n43 ,h4 ,f4 ,c>t]1 ,di/4 ,pass4 ,ag5t1 #ba ,s\? ,?ird ,/4 ,l9coln41 ,neb43 ,e4 ,b4 ,slosson1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #ajdd ,o ,/4 ,omaha1 ,neb43 ,e4 ,l4 ,lomax1 ,g5]al ,pass5g] ,ag5t1 ,u4 ,p4 ,r4 ,r4 ,pueblo1 ,colo43 ,l4 ,m4 ,tudor1 ,comm]cial ,ag5t1 #cab ,n4 ,ma9 ,/4 ,d5v]1 ,colo43 ,francis ,b4 ,*oate1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #ida ,sev5te5? ,/4 ,wm4 ,k4 ,mc,allister1 ,g54 ,agt41 ,s4 ,p4 ,co41 ,suite #cac ,railway ,exc4 ,bldg4 ,,canada4 ,toronto3 ,j4 ,o4 ,goodsell1 ,travel+ ,pass4 ,agt41 ,room #ad ,janes ,bldg4 ,,s\? ,,& ,,s\?we/4 ,atlanta1 ,ga43 ,a4 ,j4 ,dut*]1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #aba ,pea*tree ,/4 ,new ,orleans1 ,la43 ,j4 ,h4 ,r4 ,p>sons1 ,g54 ,pass4 ,agt41 ,m4 ,l4 ,t4 ,r4 ,r41 #bbg ,/4 ,*>les ,/4 ,h\/on1 ,tex43 ,t4 ,j4 ,&]son1 ,g54 ,pass4 ,ag5t1 ,g4 ,h4 ,s4 ,a4 ,r4 ,r4 ,,europe4 ,london1 ,engl&3 ,rudolph ,falck1 ,g5]al ,european ,ag5t ,no4 #di ,lead5hall ,/41 ,e4 ,c4 ,no4 #bb ,cockspur ,/41 ,n4 ,w4 ,liv]pool1 ,engl&3 ,no4 #be ,wat] ,/4 ,antw]p1 ,belgium3 #aa ,rue ,*apelle de ,grace ,hamburg1 ,g]many3 ,am]ika ,haus1 #bc-bg1 ,f]d9& ,/rasse ,,pacific ,,coa/4 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal43 ,*as4 ,s4 ,fee1 ,pass4 ,traffic ,mgr41 ,s4 ,p4 ,co41 ,flood ,bldg4 ,lewi/on1 ,ida43 ,c4 ,w4 ,m\nt1 ,di/rict ,freight ,pass5g] ,ag5t ,los ,angeles1 ,cal43 ,h4 ,o4 ,wilson1 ,g54 ,agt41 ,u4 ,p4 ,r4 ,r41 #eeg ,spr+ ,/4 ,t4 ,a4 ,graham1 ,as/4 ,g54 ,pass4 ,agt41 ,s4 ,p ,co41 #fjj ,s4 ,spr+ ,/ ,olympia1 ,wa%43 ,j4 ,c4 ,p]cival1 ,ag5t1 ,p]cival's ,dock ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah3 ,d4 ,e4 ,burley1 ,g54 ,pass4 ,agt41 ,o4 ,s4 ,l4 ,r4 ,r4 ,seattle1 ,wa%43 ,w4 ,d4 ,sk9n]1 ,g54 ,frt4 ,pass4 ,ag5t1 ,o4 ,w4 ,r4 ,r4 ,e4 ,e4 ,ellis1 ,g5]al ,ag5t1 #fjh ,fir/ ,ave4 ,tacoma1 ,wa%43 ,robt4 ,lee1 ,g5'l ,agt41 ,b]l9 ,bldg41 ,elev5? & ,pacific ,ave4 ,walla ,wala1 ,wa%43 ,r4 ,burns1 ,di/rict ,freight & ,pass5g] ,ag5t ,wallace1 ,ida43 ,g4 ,a4 ,m>%all1 ,comm]cial ,ag5t ,a/oria1 ,ore43 ,g4 ,w4 ,rob]ts1 ,comm]cial ,ag5t1 ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 ,dock ,portl&1 ,ore43 ,c4 ,w4 ,/+]1 ,city ,ticket ,ag5t1 #c;d & ,wa%+ton ,/s4 ,r4 ,b4 ,,mill]1 ,traffic ,manag] 444 ,,wm4 ,mc,m,u,r,r,a,y1 ,g54 ,pass4 ,agt4 ,,john ,m4 ,,scott1 ,assi/ant ,g5]al ,pass5g] ,ag5t ,portl&1 ,oregon ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,oregon ,,railroad ,,navigation ,,co4 ,,oregon ,,wa%+ton ,r4,r4 ,,union ,,pacific ,,oregon ,,%ort ,,l9e ,,s\!rn ,,pacific ,,co4