file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #bjaie-;h4htm or #bjaie-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/j_ /a_/i_/bjaie_/bjaie-;h_/#bjaie-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/j_ /a_/i_/bjaie_/bjaie-;h4zip7 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,inconsi/5cy 9 spell+ & hyph5ation is z 9 ! orig9al4 ,! ,arti/ic ,crafts ,s]ies ( ,te*nical ,h&books ,edit$ ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,le?aby ,,wood-,,block ,,pr9t+ ,a ,description ( ! ,craft ( ,woodcutt+ ,col\r ,pr9t+ ,bas$ on ! ,japanese ,practice by ,f4 ,,morley ,,flet*] ,) ,draw+s & ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or & ,a4 ,w4 ,seaby4 ,also ,collotype ,reproductions ( ,v>i\s ,examples ( ,pr9t+1 & an ,orig9al ,pr9t ,design$ & ,cut by ! ,au?or ,pr9t$ by ,h& on ,japanese ,tap] ,illu/ration3 ,mead[sweet4 ,collotype reproduction ( a woodblock pr9t by ! ,au?or4 7,frontispiece47 ,london ,sir ,isaac ,pitman ,sons1 ,ltd4 ,p>k] ,/reet1 ,k+sway1 ,w4,c4#b ,ba?1 ,melb\rne1 ,toronto1 ,new ,york ,pr9t$ ,by ,sir ,isaac ,pitman ,sons1 ,ltd4 ,ba?1 ,engl& ,,editor',s ,,preface ,9 issu+ ^! volumes ( a s]ies ( ,h&books on ! ,arti/ic ,crafts1 x w be well to /ate :at are our g5]al aims4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we wi% to provide tru/wor?y text-books ( work%op practice1 f ! po9ts ( view ( exp]ts :o h critically exam9$ ! me?ods curr5t 9 ! %ops1 & putt+ aside va9 survivals1 are prep>$ to say :at is good workman%ip1 & to set up a /&>d ( quality 9 ! crafts :i* are m especially associat$ ) design4 ,secondly1 9 do+ ?is1 we hope to treat design itself z an ess5tial "p ( good workman%ip4 ,dur+ ! la/ c5tury mo/ ( ! arts1 save pa9t+ & sculpture ( an academic k9d1 7 little consid]$1 & !re 0 a t5d5cy to look on design z a m]e matt] ( appe>ance4 ,su* ornam5tation z !re 0 0 usually obta9$ by foll[+ 9 a me*anical way a draw+ provid$ by an arti/ :o (t5 knew little ( ! te*nical processes involv$ 9 production4 ,) ! critical att5tion giv5 to ! crafts by ,rusk9 & ,morris1 x came to be se5 t x 0 impossible to deta* design f craft 9 ?is way1 & t1 9 ! wide/ s5se1 true design is an insep>able elem5t ( good quality1 involv+ z x does ! selection ( good & suitable mat]ial1 contrivance = special purpose1 exp]t workman%ip1 prop] f9i%1 & s on1 f> m ?an m]e ornam5t1 & inde$1 t ornam5tation itself 0 r an exub]ance ( f9e workman%ip ?an a matt] ( m]ely ab/ract l9es4 ,workman%ip :5 sep>at$ by too wide a gulf f fre% ?\ght--t is1 f design--inevitably decays1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ornam5tation1 divorc$ f workman%ip1 is necess>ily unreal1 & quickly falls into affectation4 ,prop] ornam5tation may be def9$ z a language address$ to ! eye2 x is pleasant ?\ght express$ 9 ! spee* ( ! tool4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 we w\ld h ?is s]ies put arti/ic craftsman%ip be=e p z furni%+ reasonable occupations = ^? :o w\ld ga9 a livelihood4 ,al?\gh )9 ! b\nds ( academic art1 ! competition1 ( its k9d1 is s acute t only a v few p] c5t4 c fairly hope to succe$ z pa9t]s & sculptors2 yet1 z arti/ic craftsm51 !re is e probability t ne>ly e "o :o w\ld pass ?r\gh a suffici5t p]iod ( appr5tice%ip to workman%ip & design w\ld rea* a measure ( success4 ,9 ! bl5d+ ( h&-"w & ?\ght 9 su* arts z we propose to deal )1 happy c>e]s may be f\nd z f> remov$ f ! dre>y r\t9e ( hack lab\r z f ! t]rible unc]ta9ty ( academic art4 ,x is desirable 9 e way t m5 ( good education %\ld be br\ght back into ! productive crafts3 !re are m ?an en\gh ( u 9 ! city1 & x is probable t m consid]ation w be giv5 9 ?is c5tury ?an 9 ! la/ to ,design & ,workman%ip4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are two common ways ( /udy+ old & =eign arts--! way ( ! connoisseur & ! way ( ! craftsman4 ,! collector may value su* arts = _! /rang5ess & sc>city1 :ile ! arti/ f9ds 9 !m /imulus 9 8 own "w & h9ts = new developm5ts4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( col\r-pr9t+ f wood-blocks is bas$ on a /udy ( ! me?ods :i* 7 lately only practis$ 9 ,japan1 b :i* at an e>li] "t 7 to "s degree 9 use 9 ,europe also4 ,! ma9 pr9ciples ( ! art1 inde$1 7 well kn[n 9 ! ,we/ long be=e col\r pr9ts 7 produc$ 9 ,japan1 & !re is "s reason to suppose t ! ,japanese may h f\nd$ _! me?ods 9 imitat+ ! pr9ts tak5 f ,europe by mission>ies4 ,major ,/range says3 ,! ,european art ( *i>oscuro engrav+ is 9 all ess5tials id5tical ) t ( ,japanese col\r-pr9t+4444 ,x seems1 !re=e1 n va9 to po9t out t ! accid5tal sight ( "o ( ! ,italian col\r-pr9ts may h sugge/$ ! process to ! ,japanese4 ,! ,italians aim$ m at express+ relief & ! ,japanese at flat col\r arrangem5ts2 ! =m] us$ oily col\rs1 & ! latt] fair di/emp] t9ts2 ^! are ! *ief diff]5ces4 ,bo? 9 ! ,we/ & ! ,ea/ ! design 0 cut on ! plank surface ( ! wood ) a knife2 n across ! gra9 ) a grav]1 z is done 9 mo/ mod]n wood engrav+1 al?\gh l>ge plank woodcuts 7 produc$ by ,walt] ,crane & ,h]kom]1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 z po/]s4 ,! old woodcuts ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 produc$ z pictures z well z = ! illu/ration ( books2 frequ5tly !y 7 ( consid]able size4 ,(t51 too1 !y 7 col\r$ by /5cil plates or freely by h&4 ,at ! same "t ! pr9t+ 9 col\r ( lett]s & o!r simple devices 9 books f wood-blocks 0 done1 & a book pr9t$ at ,/4 ,albans 9 #adhf has _m coats ( arms pr9t$ 9 ?is way2 "s ( ! %ields hav+ two or ?ree diff]5t col\rs4#a ,ab\t ! ye> #aejj a me?od ( pr9t+ woodcuts 9 sev]al flat tones 0 inv5t$ 9 ,g]many & practis$ by ,lucas ,crana* & o!rs4 ,a f9e pr9t ( ,adam & ,eve by ,hans ,baldung 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum has1 besides ! bold black draw+1 an ov]-t9t pr9t$ 9 w>m br[n out ( :i* %>p high lights are cut2 ! pr9t is ?us 9 ?ree tones4 #a ,see ,r4 ,m4 ,bur*1 ,col\r ,pr9t+1 #aijj4 ,ugo da ,c>po 7c4 #adhj-aecj7 work+ 9 ,v5ice1 introduc$ ?is new type ( tone woodcut into ,italy2 inde$1 he claim$ to be ! inv5tor ( ! me?od4 ,?is 0 call$ *i>oscuro1 a "n /ill giv5 to x1 & 01 9 fact1 a simple =m ( our mod]n *romo pr9t+4 ,8 woodcuts are 9 a simple1 vigor\s /yle2 "o ( !m aft] ,raphael's ,dea? ( ,ananias1 pr9t$ 9 br[n1 has a dep? & brilliancy :i* may rem9d u ( ! mezzo-t9ts ( ,turn]'s ,lib] ,/udiorum4 ,?is is pr\dly sign$1 ,p] ,ugo da ,c>po1 & "s copies are said to be dat$ #aeah4 ,&rea ,&reani 7c4 #aefj-afbc71 a bett] kn[n b n a bett] arti/1 produc$ a great numb] ( ^! tone woodcuts4 ,sev]al pr9ts aft] ,mantegna's ,triumphs ( ,caes> h a special *>m f ! beauty ( ! orig9als2 !y are pr9t$ 9 ?ree t9ts ( grey besides ! draw+2 ! pale/ ( ^! t9ts cov]s ! surface1 except = high lights cut out ( x4 ,a f9e pr9t ( a ,holy ,family1 ab\t #aex#ah in*es1 has a middle tone ( fair blue & a %ad[ t9t ( full ri* gre54 ,copies ( two imm5se woodcuts at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ( ,biblical subjects1 seem to h be5 seems to cramp ! h& & injure ! eyes ( all b ! mo/ gift$ draughtsm54 ,x is desirable to cultivate ! ability to seize & record ! map-=m ( any object rapidly & correctly4 ,"s practice 9 elem5t>y col\r-pr9t+ w\ld c]ta9ly be ( g5]al usefulness1 & simpl] ex]cises may be contriv$ by cutt+ out ) scissors & lay+ d[n %apes 9 black or col\r$ pap]s unaid$ by any patt]n4 ,f9ally1 ! hope may be express$ t ! beautiful art ( wood-cutt+ z develop$ 9 ,we/]n ,europe & br\ght to su* p]fection only a g5]ation ago is only tempor>ily 9 abeyance1 & t x too may h ano!r day4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,le?aby4 ,septemb] #aiaf4 ,,au?or',s ,,note ,?is little book gives an acc\nt ( "o ( ! primitive crafts1 9 ! practice ( :i* only ! simple/ tools & mat]ials are us$4 ,_! me?od ( use may s]ve z a means ( expression = arti/-craftsm51 or may be /udi$ 9 prep>ation =1 or z a guide t[>ds1 m elaborate "w 9 pr9t+1 ( :i* ! ma9 pr9ciples may be se5 mo/ cle>ly 9 _! application 9 ! primitive craft4 ,9 ^! days ! ne$ = ref]5ce to primitive h&icrafts has n ceas$ ) ! adv5t ( ! ma*9e4 ,! be/ a*ievem5ts ( h&-"w w always be ! /&>ds = ref]5ce2 & on _! /udy mu/ ma*9e craft be bas$4 ,! ma*9e c only increase ! p[] & scale ( ! crafts t h already be5 p]fect$ by h&-"w4 ,_! pr9ciples1 & ! art ( _! design1 d n alt] "u ! ma*9e4 ,if ! ma*9e disreg>ds ^! its "w becomes base4 ,& x is "u ! simple conditions ( a h&icraft t ! pr9ciples ( an art c be mo/ cle>ly exp]i5c$4 ,! be/ ( all ! wond]ful & excell5t "w t is produc$ to-day by ma*9]y is t :i* be>s evid5ce 9 itself ( its d]ivation f arts "u ! pure conditions ( classic craftsman%ip1 & %[s ! influ5ce ( _! /udy4 ,! s]ies ( :i* ?is book is a "p /&s = ! pr9ciples & ! _s ( ! classic examples4 ,to be associat$ ) ^? fell[-craftsm5 :o h be5 privileg$ to "w = ! ,s]ies is itself an hon\r ( high e/imation 9 ! m9d ( ! pres5t writ]4 ,if ! book contributes ev5 a little t[>d ! usefulness ( ! s]ies ! exp]im5ts :i* are record$ "h w h be5 well wor? :ile4 ,to my fri5d ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,batt5 is due all ! cr$it ( ! initial "w4 ,he began ! se>* = a pure /yle ( col\r-pr9t+1 & mo/ g5]\sly support$ & enc\rag$ my own exp]im5ts 9 ! ,japanese me?od4 ,to my old colleague ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,seaby ,i w\ld also express my indebt$ness = 8 k9d help & advice4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,ed9burgh ,,college ,,( ,,art1 ,septemb] #aiaf4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,introduction & ,description ( ! ,orig9s ( ,wood-block ,pr9t+--,its ,uses = ,p]sonal ,arti/ic ,expression1 = ,reproduction ( ,decorative ,designs1 & z a ,fundam5tal ,tra9+ = ,/ud5t ( ,pr9t$ ,decoration #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,g5]al ,description ( ! ,op]ation ( ,pr9t+ f a ,set ( ,blocks #i ,,*apt] ,,iii ,description ( ! ,mat]ials & ,tools requir$ = ,block ,cutt+ #ag ,,*apt] ,,iv ,block ,cutt+ & ! ,plann+ ( ,blocks #bc ,,*apt] ,v ,prep>ation ( ,pap]1 ,ink1 ,col\r1 & ,pa/e = ,pr9t+ #dg ,,*apt] ,,vi ,detail$ ,me?od ( ,pr9t+--,! ,pr9t+ ,tools1 ,b>5 & ,bru%es #fa ,,*apt] ,,vii ,pr9ciples & ,ma9 ,consid]ations 9 ,design+ ,wood-block ,pr9ts--,_! ,application to ,mod]n ,col\r ,pr9t+ #ha ,,*apt] ,,viii ,co-op]ative ,pr9t+ #hi ,,app5dix ,pr9ts & ,collotype ,plates #id ,books ( ,ref]5ce #abi ,,index #acj ,,illu/rations ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,,plan ,,( ,,"w-,,table #aa #b4 ,,block ,,m\nt$ ,,) ,,cross ,,ends ,,to ,,prev5t ,,w>p+ #ah #c4 ,,draw+ ,,( ,,! ,,knife #ai #d4 ,,sizes ,,( ,,*isels #bj #e4 ,,%ort ,,*isel ,,9 ,,split ,,h&le #ba #f4 ,,mallet #ba #g4 ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,h&s ,,9 ,,us+ ,,! ,,knife #cj #h4 ,,ano!r ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,h&s ,,9 ,,us+ ,,! ,,knife #ca #i4 ,,knife ,,cuts ,,9 ,,section #cc #aj4 ,,diagram ,,( ,,knife ,,cuts #cc #aa4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,hold+ ,,g\ge #ce #ab4 ,,cle>+ ,,( ,,wood ,,betwe5 ,,knife ,,cuts #ce #ac4 ,,position ,,( ,,regi/] ,,m>ks #cg #ad4 ,,regi/] ,,m>ks #cg #ae4 ,,regi/] ,,m>ks 7,,section ,,(7 #ch #af4 ,,section ,,( ,,col\r-,,block #db #ag4 ,,draw+ ,,( ,,siz+ ,,( ,,pap] #di #ah4 ,,cork ,,( ,,ink-,,bottle ,,) ,,wad ,,= ,,pres]vative #ef #ai4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,re-,,cov]+ ,,b>5 #fd #bj4 ,,draw+ ,,( ,,bru%es #ff #ba4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,hold+ ,,! ,,pap] #gj #bb4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,us+ ,,! ,,b>5 #gb ,,collotype ,,plates #a4 ,,mead[sweet4 ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,wood-,,block ,,pr9t ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,frontispiece #b4 ,,key-,,block ,,( ,a ,,pr9t ,,drawn ,,& ,,cut ,,by ,,! ,,au?or #e #c4 ,,! ,,b>51 ,,or ,,pr9t+ ,,pad #ab #d4 ,,col\r-,,block ,,( ,a ,,pr9t ,,( ,,:i* ,,! ,,key-,,block ,,is ,,%[n ,,at ,p4 #e #bc #e4 ,,impression 7,,ne>ly ,,actual ,,size7 ,,or ,a ,,portion ,,( ,a ,,japanese ,,wood ,,block ,,%[+ ,,great ,,v>iety ,,9 ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,l9es ,,& ,,spots ,,sugge/+ ,,=m #bf #f4 ,,reproduction ,,( ,,an ,,impression 7,,r$uc$7 ,,( ,,! ,,key-,,block ,,( ,a ,,japanese ,,pr9t ,,%[+ ,,admirable ,,v>iety ,,9 ,,! ,,means ,,us$ ,,to ,,sugge/ ,,=m #cc #g4 ,,portion ,,( ,,detail ,,f ,a ,,japanese ,,wood ,,block #dh ,,app5dix ,,page #h4 ,,wood-,,block ,,pr9t ,,by ,,! ,,au?or #ie #i4 ,,fir/ ,,pr9t+ 7,collotype reproduction7 #ih #aj4 ,,second ,,pr9t+ #ajj #aa4 ,,?ird ,,pr9t+ #ajb #ab4 ,,f\r? ,,pr9t+ #ajd #ac4 ,,fif? ,,pr9t+ #aje #ad4 ,,six? ,,pr9t+ #ajg #ae4 ,,eigh? ,,pr9t+ #aji #af4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,col\r ,,pr9t ,,by ,,hiro%ige #aaa #ag4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,pr9t ,,%[n ,,on ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,page1 ,,actual ,,size1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,foliage ,,& ,,! ,,expressive ,,draw+ ,,( ,,! ,,tree-,,trunk ,,& ,,/ems #aad #ah4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,,ano!r ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,pr9t ,,%[n ,,on ,p4 #aaa ,,actual ,,size1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,expressive ,,use ,,( ,,l9e ,,9 ,,! ,,draw+ ,,( ,,! ,,di/ant ,,=ms #aaf #ai4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,col\r ,,pr9t ,,by ,,hiro%ige #aah #bj4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,portion 7,,actual ,,size7 ,,( ,,! ,,pr9t ,,on ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,page1 ,,%[+ ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,tree ,,=ms ,,& ,,di/ance #abj #ba4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,col\r ,,pr9t ,,by ,,hiro%ige #aba #bb4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,portion1 ,,actual ,,size1 ,,( ,,! ,,pr9t ,,on ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,page1 ,,%[+ ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,tree ,,& ,,blossom #abc #bc4 ,,! ,,tig]4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,col\r ,,pr9t ,,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,batt5 #abe #bd4 ,,lapw+s4 ,,collotype ,,reproduction ,,( ,a ,,col\r ,,pr9t ,,by ,a4 ,w4 ,,seaby #abg ,,errata ,page #fb4--;,= bamboo-%ea? read bamboo leaf4 #fc4--;,9 la/ p>agraph1 delete ! inside (4 #fd4--,?ird l9e f bottom1 aft] occasionally ins]t :5 pr9t+4 ,,wood-,,block ,,pr9t+ ,,by ,,! ,,japanese ,,me?od ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,introduction & ,description ( ! ,orig9s ( ,wood-block ,pr9t+2 its uses = p]sonal arti/ic expression1 = reproduction ( decorative designs1 & z a fundam5tal tra9+ = /ud5ts ( pr9t$ decoration4 ,! few wood-block pr9ts %[n f "t to "t by ! ,society ( ,grav] ,pr9t]s 9 ,col\r1 & ! occasional appe>ance ( a wood-block pr9t 9 ! ,grav] ,section ( ! ,int]national ,society's ,exhibitions1 or 9 ^? ( ! ,society ( ,arts & ,crafts1 are ! outcome ( ! exp]im5ts ( a small gr\p ( ,engli% arti/s 9 mak+ pr9ts by ! ,japanese me?od1 or by me?ods bas$ on ! ,japanese practice4 ,my int]e/ 0 fir/ drawn 9 #ahig to exp]im5ts t 7 be+ made by ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,batt51 :o = two ye>s previ\sly _h attempt$1 & p>tially succe$$ 9 mak+1 a pr9t f wood & metal blocks ) col\r mix$ ) glyc]9e & dextr9e1 ! glyc]9e be+ aft]w>ds remov$ by wa%+ ! pr9ts 9 alcohol4 ,z ! ,japanese me?od seem$ to promise great] advantages & simplicity1 we began exp]im5ts toge!r1 us+ z our text-book ! pamphlet by ,t4 ,tokuno1 publi%$ by ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,wa%+ton1 & ! dextr9e & glyc]9e me?od 0 soon ab&on$4 ,! edition ( pr9ts1 h[ev]1 ( ,eve & ! ,s]p5t design$ by ,j4 ,d4 ,batt51 pr9t$ by myself & publi%$ at t "t1 0 produc$ p>tly by ! e>li] me?od & p>tly 9 ! simpl] ,japanese way4 ,famili> z ev]yone is ) ,japanese pr9ts1 x is n g5]ally kn[n t !y are produc$ by means ( an extremely simple craft4 ,no ma*9]y is requir$1 b only a few tools = cutt+ ! designs on ! surface ( ! planks ( *]ry wood f :i* ! impressions are tak54 ,no press is us$1 b a r\nd flat pad1 :i* is rubb$ on ! back ( ! pr9t z x lies on ! blocks4 ,! col\rs are mix$ ) wat] & pa/e made f rice fl\r4 ,! details ( ! craft & photographs ( ! tools 7 giv5 9 full 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution pamphlet already m5tion$4 ,x is sl[ & unsatisfactory "w1 h[ev]1 le>n+ manipulation f a book1 & sev]al te*nical difficulties t seem$ insurm\ntable 7 made cle> by ! *ance discov]y 9 ,london ( a ,japanese pr9tsell] :o1 al?\gh n a pr9t]1 0 suffici5tly famili> ) ! "w to give "s invaluable h9ts & demon/rations4 ,fur!r enc\ragem5t 0 giv5 to ! "w by ! in/itution1 a little lat]1 ( a class 9 wood-cuts 9 col\r "u my *>ge1 at ! ,l4,c4,c4 ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts1 :i* = sev]al ye>s became ! *ief c5tre ( ! movem5t4 ,su* are ! b>e hi/orical facts ( ! developm5t 9 our c\ntry ( ?is craft import$ f ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,on a m]ely sup]ficial acqua9tance ! ,japanese craft ( block-pr9t+ may appe> to be no m ?an a primitive ?\gh delicate =m ( col\r reproduction1 :i* mod]n me*anical me?ods h long sup]s$$1 ev5 9 ! l& ( its inv5tion2 & t to /udy s limit$ a mode ( expression w\ld be h>dly ( any practical value to an arti/4 ,moreov]1 ! craft is "u ! disadvantage t all ! /ages ( ! "w1 f mak+ ! fir/ design to tak+ ! f9al impressions1 mu/ be done by ! arti/ himself--"w :i* includes ! delicate cutt+ ( l9e & plann+ ( col\r blocks1 & ! prep>ation ( col\r & pap]4 ,9 ,japan !re 7 tra9$ craftsm5 exp]t 9 ea* ( ^! bran*es ( ! craft1 & ea* c>ri$ out 8 "p "u ! sup]vision ( ! arti/4 ,no "p b ! design 0 done by him4 ,s t ! v "* ( ! "w has an ess5tial diff]5ce4 ,"u our pres5t conditions ! arti/ mu/ und]take ! :ole craft1 ) all its detail4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ii4--,key-block ( ! pr9t %[n on ! frontispiece4 7,! portion ( wood ly+ outside ! po9ts ( ! mass ( foliage is left /&+ to support ! pap]1 b is n ink$ 9 pr9t+47 7,to face page #e47 ,simple z ! process is1 !re is1 f fir/ to la/1 a long lab\r involv$ 9 plann+1 cutt+ & pr9t+1 be=e a satisfactory bat* ( pr9ts is produc$4 ,aft] sev]al attempts 9 delegat+ pr9t+ to well-tra9$ pupils ,i h f\nd x impossible to obta9 ! be/ results by t means1 b ! cutt+ ( ! col\r-blocks & ! cle>+ ( ! key-block aft] ! fir/ cutt+ ( ! l9e may well be done by assi/ant craftsm54 ,a l>g] dem& = ! pr9ts might br+ ab\t a comm]cial developm5t ( ! "w1 & ! consequ5t employm5t ( tra9$ craftsm5 or craftswom51 b ! result w\ld be a diff]5t "o f t :i* has be5 obta9$ by ! arti/s :o are will+ to und]take ! :ole production ( _! "w4 ,! actual value ( wood-block pr9ts = use z decoration is a matt] ( p]sonal ta/e & exp]i5ce4 ,9 my own op9ion !re is an elem5t t always rema9s =eign 9 ! pr9ts ( ! ,japanese ma/]s1 yet ,i "k ( no o!r k9d ( art t has ! same tell+ value on a wall1 or ! same decorative *>m 9 mod]n dome/ic rooms z ! wood-block pr9t4 ,a s+le pr9t well plac$ 9 a room ( quiet col\r w enri* & dom9ate a :ole wall4 ,! mod]n vogue /ill fav\rs m exp5sive al?\gh less decorative =ms ( art1 or works ( reproduction )\t col\r1 yet "h is an art available to all :o c>e = expressive design & col\r1 & )9 ! means ( ! l>ge public to :om ! co/ ( pictures is prohibitive4 ,9 its possibility z a decorative means ( expression well suit$ to our mod]n ne$s & uses1 & 9 ! p>ticul> *>m t col\r has :5 pr9t$ f wood on a pap] t is beautiful already by its own quality1 !re is no d\bt ( ! scope & opportunity (f]$ by ?is art4 ,b z ) new w9e & old bottles1 a new condition ( simplicity 9 furniture & ( pure col\r 9 decoration mu/ fir/ be e/abli%$4 ,a wood-block pr9t w n tell well amid a wild]ness ( bric-a-brac or on a gaudy wall-pap]4 ,f ano!r & q diff]5t po9t ( view1 ! art ( block-cutt+ & col\r-pr9t+ has1 h[ev]1 a special & important value4 ,to any /ud5t ( pictorial art1 especially to any :o may wi% to design = mod]n pr9t$ decoration1 no "w gives su* in/ruction 9 economy ( design1 9 ! res\rces ( l9e & its expressive developm5t1 & 9 ! use & behavi\r ( col\r4 ,?is has be5 ! express$ op9ion ( _m :o h und]tak5 a c\rse ( wood-block pr9t+ = ?is object alone4 ,! same op9ion is emphatically /at$ by ,pr(essor ,emil ,orlik1 ^: pr9ts are well kn[n 9 mod]n exhibitions4 ,on ! occasion ( a visit to ! ,kun/gew]bes*ule ( ,b]l91 ,i f\nd him conduct+ a class = design]s = pr9t$ decoration1 9 :i* ! ,japanese craft ( block-pr9t+ 0 made ! basis ( _! tra9+4 ,he held to ! view t ! primitive craft tea*es ! /ud5ts ! v economy & simplicity ^u :i* ! successful use ( ! great mod]n res\rces ( col\r-pr9t+ dep5d1 yet :i* _c be le>nt except by rec\rse to simpl] conditions & m n>r[ limitations be=e deal+ ) ! great] scope ( ! ma*9e4 ,my own exp]i5ce also conv9ces me t :atev] may be ! ultimate value ( ! ,ea/]n craft to our arti/s z a mode ( p]sonal expression1 !re is no d\bt ( its effect & usefulness 9 tra9+ /ud5ts to design ) economy & simplicity = mod]n pr9t+ processes4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,g5]al ,description ( ! ,op]ation ( ,pr9t+ f a ,set ( ,blocks ,! e>ly /ages ( any craft are m int]e/+ :5 we are famili> ) ! f9al result4 ,= ?is reason x is (t5 an advantage to beg9 at ! end4 ,to see a few impressions tak5 f a set ( blocks 9 col\r pr9t+1 or to pr9t !m oneself1 gives ! be/ possible idea ( ! quality & ess5tial "* ( pr9t-mak+4 ,s also 9 describ+ ! "w x w p]haps t5d to make ! v>i\s /ages cle>] if ! f9al act ( pr9t+ is fir/ expla9$4 ,! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ?is craft is ! primitive simplicity ( ! act ( pr9t+4 ,no press is requir$1 & no ma*9]y4 ,a block is laid flat on ! table ) its cut surface upp]mo/1 & is kept /eady by a small wad ( damp pap] plac$ "u ea* corn]4 ,a pile ( pap] slightly damp$ ready = pr9t+ lies )9 rea* j beyond ! wood-block1 s t ! pr9t] may easily lift ! pap] %eet by %eet on to ! block z x is requir$4 ,x is ! practice 9 ,japan to "w squatt+ on ! floor1 ) ! blocks & tools also on ! floor 9 front ( ! craftsman4 ,our own habit ( work+ at a table is less simple1 b has "s advantages4 ,"o practice or habit ( ! ,japanese is1 h[ev]1 to be foll[$ ) p>ticul> c>e4 ,no description c give q fully ! s5se ( extreme ord]l9ess & c>eful delib]ation ( _! "w4 ,ev]y?+ is plac$ :]e x w be mo/ conv5i5t = use1 & ?is ord]l9ess is pres]v$ ?r\gh\t ! day's "w4 ,_! %apely tools & vessels are h&l$ ) a deftness t %ames our clumsy ways1 & ev]y?+ t !y use is kept q clean4 ,?is skilful ord]l9ess is ess5tial to f9e craftman%ip1 & is a sign ( ma/]y4 ,! arrangem5t ( tools & vessels on a "w-table may be z ! accompany+ plan %[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,plan ( "w-table4 ,a4 ,block4 ,b4 ,%eets ( damp$ pap] ly+ on a bo>d4 ,c4 ,second bo>d lift$ f ,b4 ,d4 ,bru%es ly+ on a /rip ( wood4 ,e4 ,:ite plate or di% conta9+ col\r4 ,f4 ,sauc] conta9+ pa/e ( rice-fl\r4 ,g4 ,b>51 or pr9t+ pad1 ly+ on a %eet ( pap] slightly oil$ ) sweet oil & tack$ to ! table4 ,h4 ,deep b[l ( wat] & bru% = moi/5+ ! damp+ %eets4 ,i4 ,sauc] ( wat] = use 9 pr9t+4 ,j4 ,sponge4 ,:5 pr9t+ on a table arrang$ 9 ?is way ! bo>d ly+ on ! %eets ( damp$ pap] at ,b is fir/ lift$ (f & plac$ at ,c to receive ! %eets z !y are done4 ,if ! block ,a is q dry1 x is ?or\ghly moi/5$ ) a damp sponge & wip$4 ,! col\r f a sauc]1 ,e1 is !n bru%$ ov] ! pr9t+ surface ?9ly1 & a trace ( pa/e tak5 f ,f is also bru%$ into ! col\r4 7,?is is be/ done aft] ! col\r is r\ghly spread on ! block47 ,! bru% is laid d[n 9 its place1 ,d1 & ! top %eet ( pap] f ! pile is imm$iately lift$ to its regi/] m>ks 7not*es to keep ! pap] 9 its place7 on ! block4 ,! mann] ( hold+ ! pap] is %[n on page #gj4 ,?is mu/ be done deftly1 & x is important to wa/e no "t1 z ! col\r w\ld soon dry on ! expos$ block & pr9t badly4 ,pressure is !n appli$ to ! back ( ! pap] z x lies on ! wet block4 ,?is is done by a r\nd pad call$ ! b>5 by ! ,japanese4 ,x is made ( a coil ( cord cov]$ by bamboo %ea? z %[n lat] on page #fb4 ,! pad is rubb$ by h& ) consid]able pressure1 mov+ transv]sely =w>ds & backw>ds across ! block1 work+ f ! left to ! "r4 ,once all ov] ! block %\ld be en\gh4 ,! pap] is !n lift$ (f & laid face upw>ds on ! bo>d at ,c4 ,! block is !n re-*>g$ ) col\r = ano!r impression1 & ! :ole op]ation repeat$ z _m times z !re are %eets to be pr9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iii4 ,! ,b>51 or pr9t+ pad4 7,! pad is actually #e in*es 9 diamet]47 7,to face page #ab47 ,:5 ?is is done all ! %eets w h receiv$ a s+le impression1 :i* may be ei!r a pat* ( col\r or an impression 9 l9e ( "p ( ! design ( ! pr9t4 ,! block ,a is !n remov$1 clean$1 & put away2 & ! block = ! second impression put 9 its place4 ,x is usual to pr9t ! l9e or key-block ( a design fir/1 z "o is !n able to detect faulty regi/]+ or imp]fect fitt+ ( ! blocks & to correct !m at once4 ,b !re are cases 9 :i* a gradat$ tone1 su* z a sky1 may ne$ to be pr9t$ be=e ! l9e block4 ,! complete design ( a pr9t may require sev]al blocks = col\r z well z ! key block :i* pr9ts ! l9e4 ,! impressions f all ^! blocks may be pr9t$ "o aft] ano!r )\t wait+ = ! col\r on ! pap] to dry4 ,z soon z ! bat* ( damp$ %eets has be5 pass$ ov] ! fir/ block1 ! %eets are replac$ at ,b betwe5 bo>ds1 &1 if necess>y1 damp$ aga9 by means ( damp+ %eets 7z describ$ lat] 9 ,*apt] ,v7 ready = ! next impression1 :i* may be proce$$ ) at once )\t fe> ( ! col\r runn+4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t pat*es ( wet col\r :i* t\* "o ano!r d n run if prop]ly pr9t$4 ,= ! second pr9t+ fre% col\r is prep>$ & clean pa/e1 & ! pr9t+ proce$s z already describ$1 c>e be+ tak5 to wat* ! prop] regi/]+ or fitt+ ( ea* impression to its place 9 ! design4 ,!re are _m niceties & details to be obs]v$ 9 ! pr9t+ ( bo? l9e & col\r blocks4 ,^! are giv5 9 special *apt]s foll[+4 ,?is description ( ! ma9 action ( pr9t+ w be ( use 9 giv+ a g5]al idea ( ! f9al op]ation be=e ! details ( ! prelim9>y /ages are describ$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,description ( ! ,mat]ials & ,tools requir$ = ,block-cutt+ ,! wood mo/ commonly us$ by ! ,japanese = _! pr9t+-blocks is a *]ry wood v simil> to t gr[n 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,canadian *]ry wood1 :i* is m easily obta9$ ?an ,engli% *]ry1 is ( too op5 a gra9 to be ( use4 ,! m sl[ly gr[n ,engli% wood has a clos] gra9 & is ! be/ = all ! purposes ( block cutt+ & pr9t+4 ,well-season$ planks %\ld be obta9$ & kept ready = cutt+ up z may be requir$4 ,:5 a set ( blocks is to be cut = a giv5 design1 ! size ( ! pr9t+ surface ( ea* block %\ld be made equal to ! size ( ! design plus #a in* or1 = l>ge pr9ts1 #a-a_/b in* 9 addition long ways1 & #a_/d or #a_/b in* crossways4 ,! ?ickness ( ! plank ne$ n be m ?an #e_/h or #c_/d in*4 ,x is be/ = ! protection ( ! surfaces ( ! pr9t+ blocks & to prev5t w>p+1 also = conv5i5ce 9 /or+ & h&l+ !m1 to fix across ea* end a piece ( wood slightly ?ick] ?an ! plank itself4 ,^! cross-ends %\ld be m\nt$ z %[n 9 fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,block m\nt$ ) cross ends to prev5t w>p+4 ,bo? surfaces ( ! plank %\ld be plan$ smoo? & !n f9i%$ ) a /eel scrap]1 b n t\*$ ) s&-pap]4 ,x is und]/ood t ! face ( ! plank is us$ = ! pr9t+ surface1 & n ! end ( ! gra9 z 9 blocks = mod]n wood engrav+4 ,! tools ne$$ = cutt+ ! blocks are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,,! ,,knife ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,draw+ ( ! knife4 ,) ?is knife ! mo/ important & delicate "w is done4 ,all ! l9es ( ! key-block z well z ! b\nd>ies ( ! col\r masses are cut ) x1 be=e ! removal ( int]v5+ spaces4 ,! blade lies 9 a slot & is held tight by ! tap]$ f]rule4 ,?is c be pull$ (f by h& & ! blade l5g!n$ by pull+ x =w>d 9 ! slot4 #b4 ,,*isels ,^! are us$ = remov+ ! wood betwe5 ! cut l9es or col\r masses1 & %\ld be ord9>y c>v]s' *isels ( ! foll[+ sizes3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,sizes ( *isels4 except ^? "u ,no4 #i1 :i* are %ort-h&l$ *isels = small "w4 ,! ,japanese toolmak]s fit ^! small *isels into a split h&le z %[n 9 fig4 #e4 ,! blade is held tightly 9 its place by ! tap]$ f]rule :5 ! h&le is clos$1 or c be l5g!n$ by op5+ ! h&le & pull+ =w>d ! blade 9 its slot4 ,9 ?is way ! blade c be us$ d[n to its la/ in*4 #c4 ,,mallet ,?is is ne$$ = driv+ ! l>g] *isels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,%ort *isel 9 split h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,mallet4 ,^! are all ! tools t are ne$$ = block cutt+4 ,= keep+ !m 9 ord] x is well to h oil/ones ( ?ree grades3 #a4 ,a c>borundum /one = rapidly re-cov]+ ! %ape ( a *ipp$ or blunt tool4 #b4 ,a good ord9>y oil /one4 #c4 ,a h>d /one = keep+ a f9e edge on ! knife 9 cutt+ l9e blocks4 ,! ,am]ican ,wa%ita /one is good = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iv4 ,col\r block ( a pr9t ( :i* ! key-block is %[n on page #e4 7,to face page #bc47 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,block ,cutt+ & ! ,plann+ ( ,blocks ,! cutt+ ( a l9e block ne$s pati5ce & c>e & skill1 b x is n ! mo/ difficult "p ( pr9t mak+1 nor is x s hopeless an ent]prise z x seems at fir/ to "o :o has n tri$ to use ! block-cutt]'s knife4 ,9 ,japan ?is "w is a highly specialis$ craft1 nev] und]tak5 by ! arti/ himself1 b c>ri$ out by skill$ craftsm5 :o only d ?is "p ( ! "w ( mak+ col\r pr9ts4 ,ev5 ! cle>+ ( ! spaces betwe5 ! cut l9es is done by assi/ant craftsm5 or craftswom54 ,! exquisite p]fection ( ! cutt+ ( ! l9es 9 ! f9e/ ( ! ,japanese pr9ts1 z1 = in/ance1 ! pr(ile ( a face 9 a design by ,outam>o1 has requir$ ! special tra9+ & tradition ( g5]ations ( craftsm54 ,! knife1 h[ev]1 is n a difficult weapon to an arti/ :o has h&s & a tra9$ s5se ( =m4 ,9 c>ry+ out 8 own "w1 moreov]1 he may express a quality t is ( great] value ev5 ?an te*nical p]fection4 ,at pres5t we h no craftsm5 ready = ?is "w--nor c\ld our designs be safely tru/$ to ! int]pretation ( ,japanese block-cutt]s4 ,until we tra9 craftsm5 among ourselves we mu/ !re=e cont9ue to cut our own blocks4 ,,cutt+ ,a set ( blocks consi/s ( a key-block & sev]al col\r blocks4 ,! block t mu/ be cut fir/ is t :i* pr9ts ! l9e or key ( ! design4 ,by means ( impressions f ?is key-block ! v>i\s o!r blocks = pr9t+ ! col\r$ portions ( ! design are cut4 ,! key-block is ! mo/ important ( ! set ( blocks & conta9s ! ess5tial "p ( ! design4 ,a draw+ ( t "p ( ! design :i* is to be cut on ! key-block %\ld fir/ be made4 ,?is is done on ! ?9ne/ ( ,japanese tissue pap] 9 black indelible ink4 ,! draw+ is !n pa/$ face d[nw>d on ! prep>$ fir/ block ) good />* pa/e4 ,x is be/ to lay ! draw+ flat on its back ^u a pad ( a few %eets ( pap] ( ab\t ! same size1 & to rub ! pa/e on ! surface ( ! block1 n on ! pap]4 ,! block is n[ laid d[n firmly ) its pa/$ side on ! draw+1 :i* at once adh]es to ! block4 ,next turn ! block ov] & lay a dry %eet ( pap] ov] ! damp draw+ s z to protect x1 & ) ! b>51 or pr9t+ rubb]1 rub ! draw+ flat1 & well on to ! block all ov]4 ,! draw+ %\ld !n be all[$ to dry ?or\ghly on ! block4 ,) reg>d to ! design ( ! key block1 x is a common mi/ake to treat ?is z a draw+ only ( outl9es ( ! =ms ( ! pr9t4 ,mu* mod]n s-call$ decorative pr9t+ has be5 weak 9 ?is respect4 ,a flat1 *>act]less l9e1 ) no m expression ?an a b5t gaspipe1 is (t5 pr9t$ r\nd ! =ms ( a design1 foll[$ by pr9t+s ( flat col\r1 ! :ole result+ 9 a trave/y ( flat decorative treatm5t4 ,! key design %\ld be a skeleton ( all ! =ms ( a pr9t1 express+ mu* m ?an m]e ext]ior b\nd>ies4 ,x may s sugge/ =m t al?\gh ! col\r be pr9t$ by a flat t9t ! result is n flat4 ,:5 "o is unconsci\s ( any flatness 9 ! f9al effect1 ?\gh ! result is obta9$ by flat pr9t+1 !n ! prop] use ( flat treatm5t has be5 made4 ,! affectation ( flatness 9 inf]ior col\r pr9t+ & po/] "w is due to a misappreh5sion ( ! true pr9ciple ( flat treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,v4 ,impression 7ne>ly actual size7 ( a portion ( a ,japanese wood block %[+ great v>iety 9 ! "* ( ! l9es & spots sugge/+ =m4 7,to face page #bf47 ,z an illu/ration ( ! great v>iety ( =m t may be express$ by ! key-block1 a reproduction is giv5 7page #cc7 ( an impression f a ,japanese key-block4 ,x w be se5 t ! l9es & spots express mu* m ?an b\nd>ies ( =m4 ,9 ! case ( ! light] tree foliage ! b\nd>ies are left to be det]m9$ entirely by ! subsequ5t col\r blocks1 & only ! int]ior =m or "* ( ! foliage is sugge/$4 ,! quality or k9d ( l9e1 too1 v>ies ) ! ?+ express$1 :e!r tree1 rock1 sea1 or ! little %ip4 ,! design1 too1 is 9 itself beautiful & gives ! ess5tial =m ( ! entire pr9t4 ,! /udy ( ! draw+ ( any ( ! key-blocks ( ! ,japanese ma/]s w reveal _! wond]ful p[] & res\rce 9 ! sugge/ion ( ess5tial =m by black l9es1 spots1 & masses ( "o uni=m t9t ( black or grey4 ,! developm5t ( ?is k9d ( expressive draw+ is mo/ important to ! design] ( pr9t$ decoration1 :e!r by wood blocks1 or li?ography1 or any o!r pr9t+ process4 ,o!r good types ( draw+ = ! purposes ( key-blocks 9 wood are giv5 on ,plate ,v fac+ page #bf & ,plate ,,xvi p4 iii 9 ,app5dix4 ,:5 ! key-block ) its design pa/$ ^u x is ?or\ghly dry1 a little sweet oil %\ld be rubb$ ) ! f+] at t "p :]e ! cutt+ is to beg91 s z to make ! pap] transp>5t & ! black l9e q cle>4 ,9 ord] to keep ! block f mov+ on ! "w-table1 !re %\ld be fix$ "o or two /rips ( wood screw$ d[n1 to act z /ops 9 case ! block t5ds to slip1 b ! block %\ld lie freely on ! table1 s t x may be easily turn$ r\nd dur+ ! cutt+ :5 necess>y4 ,"o %\ld1 h[ev]1 le>n to use ! cutt+ knife 9 all directions1 & to move ! block z little z possible4 ,! knife is held & guid$ by ! "r h&1 b is pu%$ along by ! middle f+] ( ! left h& plac$ at ! back ( ! blade1 close d[n ne> ! po9t4 ,! left h& %\ld be g5]ally flat on ! "w-table1 palm d[n1 & ! nail ( ! middle f+] mu/ be kept %ort4 ,?is position is %[n 7fig4 #g7 on p4 #cj4 ,! flat side ( ! knife %\ld always be aga9/ ! l9e to be cut4 ,sometimes x is conv5i5t to drive ! knife f "r to left1 b 9 ?is case ! pressure is giv5 by ! "r h&1 & ! left middle f+] is us$ to *eck & /eady ! knife1 ! f+] be+ press$ aga9/ ! knife j above ! cutt+ edge4 ,a good position = cutt+ a long /raight l9e t[>ds oneself on ! block is %[n bel[ 7fig4 #h74 ,! left h& is on its side1 & ! middle f+] is hook$ r\nd & pulls ! knife :ile ! "r h& guides x4 ,9 all cases ! middle f+] ( ! left h& pu%es or /eadies ! knife1 or acts z a fulcrum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,position ( ! h&s 9 us+ ! knife4 ,a beg9n] ) ! knife usually applies too mu* pressure or is apt to put ! left f+] at a po9t too high up on ! blade1 :]e x loses its control4 ,! f+] %\ld be z close d[n to ! wood z possible1 :]e its control is mo/ effective4 ,a small piece ( india-rubb] tub+ r\nd ! knife blade helps to protect ! f+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,ano!r position ( ! h&s 9 us+ ! knife4 ,) practice ! knife soon becomes an easy & a v precise tool1 capable ( great expressiv5ess 9 draw+4 ,be> 9 m9d t bo? sides ( a l9e are drawn by ! knife4 ,! special p[] ( develop+ ! expressive =m ( l9e on bo? sides is a res\rce t5d+ to great developm5t ( draw+ 9 designs = wood-block pr9ts4 ,! l9e may be ( v>y+ =m1 *ang+ f silh\ette to pure l9e z may be/ s]ve to express ! design4 ,x %\ld nev] be a m]e diagram4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi4 ,reproduction ( an impression 7r$uc$7 ( ! key-block ( a ,japanese pr9t %[+ admirable v>iety 9 ! means us$ to sugge/ =m4 7,to face page #cc47 ,! actual cutt+ proce$s z foll[s3 ,/>t+ at "s po9t :]e ! surface ( ! key-block design has be5 oil$ & made di/9ct1 a %all[ cut is made along "o side ( any =m 9 ! design1 ) ! knife held slant+ s t ! cut slants away f ! edge ( ! =m4 ,a second out] p>allel cut is !n made ) ! knife held slant+ 9 ! opposite direction f ! fir/1 s t ! two cuts toge!r make a ,v-%ap$ tr5* all along ! l9e ( ! =m4 ,! little /rip ( wood cut out %\ld deta* itself z ! second cut is made1 & %\ld n ne$ any pick+ out or fur!r cutt+ if ! fir/ two cuts are cleanly made4 ,?is %all[ ,v-%ap$ tr5* is cont9u$ all r\nd ! masses & along bo? sides ( all ! l9es ( ! design4 ,no cle>+ ( ! int]v5+ spaces %\ld be attempt$ until ?is is done4 ,x w be se5 at once t ! ,v-%ap$ cuts give great /r5g? to ! pr9t+ l9es1 s t a q f9e l9e betwe5 two cuts may h a /rong1 broad base 7fig4 #i74 ,! dep? ( ! cut w\ld be slightly %all[] ?an t %[n 9 ?is diagram4 ,9 cutt+ f9e l9e "w a cut is fir/ made a little beyond ! l9e1 !n ! cut is made on ! l9e itself 7fig4 #aj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,knife cuts 9 section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,diagram ( knife cuts4 ,:]e a v f9e l9e is to be cut1 especially if x is on a curve1 ! out] cut ( ! ,v tr5* %\ld be made fir/1 & !n t :i* t\*es ! l9e3 !re is ?us less di/urbance ( ! wood1 & less dang] ( injur+ ! edge ( ! l9e4 ,:5 ! ,v cut has be5 made outside all ! l9es1 "o proce$s to cle> ! int]v5+ spaces betwe5 ! l9es ( ! design by tak+ tool ,no4 #a 7fig4 #e74 ,! l>ge spaces %\ld be cle>$ fir/4 ,! safe/ & quicke/ way is to make a small g\ge cut ) ,no4 #a r\nd all ! l>ge spaces close up to ! fir/ cut1 !n1 ) "o ( ! %all[] *isels1 ,nos4 #e1 #f1 or #g 7fig4 #e71 & ! mallet1 cle> out ! wood betwe5 ! g\ge cuts4 ,= all %all[ cuts :]e ! mallet is n ne$$1 ! ,japanese hold ! *isels z %[n 9 fig4 #aa4 ,) practice ?is w be f\nd a v conv5i5t & /eady grip = ! "r h&4 ,x has also ! advantage t ! *isel c be held aga9/ ! c5tre ( ! body & exactly "u "o's eyes4 ,9 ! diagram 7fig4 #ab71 if ! wood f ,a to ,a#a is to be cle>$ away1 g\ge cuts are made at b & b#a1 !n ! space betwe5 b & b#a may be quickly cle>$ )\t risk to ! edge ( ! =m at ,a4 ,:5 ?is r\gh "w is done ! little ridge betwe5 ,a & b may be cle>$ ) small r\nd or flat tools1 z is mo/ conv5i5t4 ,b ?is f9al cle>+ %\ld n be done until all ! l>ge spaces are r\gh$ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,me?od ( hold+ g\ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--;,cle>+ ( wood betwe5 knife cuts4 ,! dep? to :i* ! spaces mu/ be cle>$ w dep5d on _! wid?1 z1 9 pr9t+1 ! pap] w sag m deeply 9 a wide space ?an 9 a n>r[ "o4 ,9 spaces ( half an in* ! dep? ( ! fir/ ,v-cuts is suffici5t1 b ! proportionate dep? is ab\t t ( ! diagram above4 ,! small spaces are cle>$ by means ( small flat or r\nd *isels )\t ! mallet or ! prelim9>y g\ge cut3 ?is is only ne$$ :]e a l>ge space has to be cle>$4 ,!re rema9 n[ only ! plac+ & cutt+ ( ! two regi/] m>ks or not*es = controll+ ! position ( ! pap] 9 pr9t+4 ,^! are plac$ relatively to ! design z %[n 9 fig4 #ac4 ,! corn] ( ! pr9t fits into ! not* at ,a1 & "o edge ( ! pr9t lies aga9/ ! /raight not* at ,b4 ,! regi/] m>ks may be ev5 clos] to ! space cov]$ by ! design1 b mu/ n actually t\* x1 z "s m>g9 ( pap] is necess>y 9 pr9t+3 !y %\ld also be cut always on ! long side ( ! pr9t+ block4 ,x w be se5 f ! draw+ on page #gj t ^! regi/] m>ks correspond to ! position ( ! ?umb ( ea* h& 9 lay+ ! pap] on ! block = pr9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,position ( regi/] m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,regi/] m>ks4 ,! corn] m>k1 ,,abc1 is made by cutt+ f ,a to ,b & ,b to ,c1 ) ! knife held p]p5dicul>ly1 & its flat side aga9/ ! l9e1 !n ! %ad$ portion is cut ) a flat *isel1 slop+ f ! surface ( ! block at ,,ac to a dep? ( ab\t #a_/af in* along ,,ab & ,,bc4 ,! /raight not*1 ,,ef1 is simil>ly cut1 fir/ ) a p]p5dicul> knife along ,,ef1 & !n ! %ad$ portion is *isell$ slop+ d[n to ! l9e ,,ef4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,regi/] m>ks 7section (74 ,9 section ! two regi/] m>ks w\ld be z above4 ,! regi/] m>ks mu/ be smoo?ly & ev5ly cut s t ! pap]1 9 pr9t+1 may slide easily home to its exact place4 ,:5 ! design ( ! key-block & ! two regi/] m>ks h be5 cut & cle>$1 ! trace ( pap] & pa/e on ! uncut p>ts ( ! wood %\ld be c>efully wa%$ (f ) a piece ( sponge & w>m wat]4 ,! block is !n f9i%$ & ready = use4 ,! key-block1 h[ev]1 is only "o ( ! set ( blocks requir$ = a pr9t 9 col\r1 b ! col\r blocks are simpl] & require1 z a rule1 f> less lab\r4 ,! col\r blocks are plann$ & e/abli%$ by means ( impressions tak5 f ! key-block4 ,= ?is purpose ! regi/] m>ks are ink$#b = pr9t+ z well z ! design on ! block1 & ! impressions mu/ include bo?4 ,^! impressions are tak5 on ?9 ,japanese pap]1 b n necess>ily ! ?9ne/ tissue4 ,if ! ?9ne/ is us$1 x %\ld be pa/$ at ! corn]s to a %eet ( /iff] pap] = conv5i5ce 9 h&l+4 #b ,! prep>ation ( ! ink = pr9t+ is describ$ on p4 #ed4 ,x is !n a fairly simple matt] to take "o ( ^! key-block impressions & to make a plan ( ! v>i\s col\r-blocks t w be requir$4 ,^! %\ld obvi\sly be z few z possible4 ,x is n necess>y to provide an entire block = ea* pat* ( col\r1 b only ! ext5t ( surface requir$ = ea* col\r$ portion ( ! pr9t1 z well z = its pair ( regi/] m>ks4 ,pat*es ( diff]5t col\r t are n adjac5t to "o ano!r on ! design ( ! pr9t may be cut on ! same block1 provid$ !y are n too close = free col\r+ ( ! block 9 pr9t+4 ,ea* block also may be cut on bo? sides1 s t !re is consid]able scope = economy 9 ! arrang+ & plann+ ( ! col\r blocks4 ,:5 ! arrangem5t ( ! plan ( col\r has be5 simplifi$ z f> z possible1 a new block is prep>$ z describ$ above1 & a %eet ( ?9 ,japanese pap] 7unsiz$7 is cut l>ge en\gh to cov] ! pr9t design & its regi/] m>ks4 ,! clean surface ( ! new block is cov]$ ?9ly ) />* pa/e well rubb$ into ! gra91 & :ile ?is is /ill wet an impression on ! %eet ( ?9 ,japanese pap] is tak5 ( ! entire key-block1 includ+ its regi/] m>ks 9 black1 & laid be=e x is dry face d[nw>d on ! pa/$ surface ( ! new block4 ,?is %\ld be done z already describ$ on page #be4 ,x %\ld be rubb$ flat ) ! pr9t+ pad & left to dry4 ,?is op]ation requires c>eful h&l+1 b x %\ld be done easily & me?odically1 )\t any hurry4 ,ea* side ( ! set ( col\r planks %\ld be treat$ 9 ! same way--a ?9 impression ( ! key-block & its regi/] m>ks be+ laid ^u ea*4 ,x is advisable to pa/e d[n a fre%ly tak5 impression1 ea* "t1 :ile ! ink is /ill moi/1 = if ^! are all[$ to dry1 ! %r9k+ ( ! pap] causes errors ( regi/]4 ,:5 ^! new blocks are dry1 ! pat* ( col\r to be cut on ea* surface %\ld be cle>ly indicat$ by a ?9 wa% ( dilut$ ink or col\r1 b n s z to hide ! pr9t$ key l9e4 ,! blocks may !n be cut4 ,a ,v-%ap$ cut is made r\nd ea* =m1 z 9 ! case ( ! key-block1 & ! cle>+ proce$s 9 ! same way1 b x is only necess>y to cle> a space ( ab\t an in* r\nd ea* =m3 ! re/ ( ! wood %\ld be left /&+4 ,a section ( ! pr9t+ surface ( a col\r block w\ld be z foll[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,section ( col\r-block4 ,a4 ,col\r mass4 ,b4 ,depression4 ,c4 ,surface ( ,plank4 ,:5 ! regi/] m>ks correspond+ to ^! col\r =ms h also be5 cut1 & ! pap] wa%$ (f ! blocks1 ! cle> spaces may be us$ = pa/+ d[n new key impressions = ! small] col\r pat*es & _! correspond+ regi/] m>ks4 ,9 ?is way "o side ( a col\r plank may conta9 sev]al diff]5t col\r =ms & sets ( regi/] m>ks4 ,z a rule ! diff]5t col\r pat*es w\ld be pr9t$ sep>ately1 ?\gh 9 "s cases two col\rs may be pr9t$ at "o impression if !y are small & h ! same regi/] m>ks4 ,:5 ! blocks h be5 cut & cle>$ x is advisable to smoo? ) s&-pap] ! edge ( ! depression :]e x meets ! uncut surface ( ! wood1 o!rwise ?is edge1 if at all %>p1 w m>k ! pr9t4 ,= any p>ticul>s ab\t :i* "o may be 9 d\bt1 ! sets ( blocks at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum or 9 ! ,pr9t ,room at ! ,briti% ,museum are available = exam9ation4 ,9 "o ( ! sets at ! ,briti% ,museum x is int]e/+ to see ! tempor>y corrections t h be5 made 9 ! regi/] m>ks dur+ pr9t+ by means ( little wood5 plugs /uck into ! regi/] not*es4 ,9 ne>ly all cases ! ,japanese blocks 7 made ( *]ry wood1 b planks ( box are said to h be5 occasionally us$ = v f9e "w4 ,,errors ,,( ,,regi/] ,h[ev] exactly ! regi/] m>ks may be cut 9 a new set ( blocks1 v puzzl+ errors occasionally arise :ile pr9t+1 especially if ! planks are ( ?9 wood4 ,"s ( ! blocks are necess>ily pr9t$ dri] ?an o!rs4 ,= in/ance1 ! key-block is pr9t$ ) a v small am\nt ( ink & pa/e4 ,o!r blocks may be ev5 dri]1 su* z ! blocks :i* pr9t small =ms or details 9 a design4 ,! blocks1 h[ev]1 :i* are us$ = l>ge masses ( col\r1 or = gradat$ tones1 are moi/5$ ov] ! :ole or a l>ge "p ( ! surface ( ! block1 & if ! wood is ?91 & n well m\nt$ across ! ends1 ! block soon exp&s suffici5tly to ?r[ ! regi/] out4 ,if ! block is n m\nt$ across ! ends !re w also be a t5d5cy to w>p1 & ?is w add to ! errors ( regi/]4 ,b if ! blocks are ( fairly ?ick wood1 & well m\nt$1 ! regi/] w rema9 v exact inde$4 ,usually ! key-block is pr9t$ fir/4 ,if ! subsequ5t blocks are n 9 exact regi/] ! error is noticeable at once1 & slight adju/m5ts may be made = its correction4 ,b 9 cases :]e ! key-block is pr9t$ la/ 7z sometimes is necess>y7 ea* col\r block mu/ be te/$ be=e a bat* ( pr9ts is pass$ ov] x4 ,= ?is purpose ! fir/ few pr9ts ( e bat* %\ld receive a fa9t impression ( ! key-block1 s t ! regi/] ( ! col\r impression may be v]ifi$ be=e proce$+ ) ! :ole bat*4 ,if ^! precautions are tak51 & ! entire set ( blocks kept z ne>ly z possible 9 ! same conditions ( dryness or moi/ure1 all difficulties ( regi/] 9 pr9t+ w be easily ov]come4 ,:5 cutt+ a new set ( blocks !re is ano!r possible s\rce ( error :i* ne$s to be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/4 ,mo/ ( ! "w 9 design+ a new pr9t is necess>ily sp5t 9 plann+ & cutt+ ! key-block1 :i* may occupy a consid]able "t1 especially if o!r "w has to be c>ri$ on z well4 ,if new wood is us$1 or wood t has n be5 season$ long indoors1 x w dry & contract consid]ably across ! gra9 be=e ! "w is f9i%$4 ,!n1 if new] planks are prep>$ & cut up = ! col\r blocks1 & impressions f ! key-block are pa/$ d[n on !m = cutt+1 x w be f\nd t1 z ! new] wood ( ! col\r-blocks goes on dry+1 x w %r9k out ( regi/]1 & ! col\r impressions w n fit ! l9e p]fectly4 ,x is easy to fall into ?is difficulty1 b !re is no dang] ( x if ! planks f :i* ! key-block & ! col\r-blocks are cut are all equally season$ & are 9 ! same condition4 ,,*apt] ,v ,prep>ation ( ,pap]1 ,ink1 ,col\r1 & ,pa/e = ,pr9t+ ,,pap] ,! pap] made by ! ,japanese f ! inn] b>k ( "y %oots ( ! mulb]ry & c]ta9 o!r plants ( simil> fibre is beyond all o!rs ! be/ = wood-block pr9t+4 ,x is 9 itself a v rem>kable mat]ial1 & is us$ 9 ,japan = a great v>iety ( purposes1 on acc\nt ( ! /r5g? & t\ghness due to its long silky fibre4 ,pap] ( good quality = pr9t+ may be obta9$ directly f ,japan1 or ?r\gh trad+ ag5ts deal+ ) ,japan4 ,a case ( five reams w\ld be ! smalle/ quantity obta9able directly1 b x is by f> ! *eape/ & mo/ satisfactory way ( buy+ x4 ,9 small] quantities ! pap] is obta9able ?r\gh _m ( ! deal]s 9 arti/s' mat]ials4 ,sev]al k9ds ( ?is pap] are made1 b unsiz$ %eets ( a quality simil> to ! pr9t on page #ie1 & a ?9 ,japanese tissue pap] are ! two k9ds requir$ = pr9t+ 9 col\r4 ,9 its unsiz$ /ate ! pap] is too absorb5t = use1 & x %\ld be siz$ fre%ly z ne$$ = "w4 ,?is is done by bru%+ a ?9 solution ( gelat9e ov] ! smoo? surface ( ! %eets ( pap]4 ,a draw+-bo>d r l>g] ?an ! %eets ( pap]1 plac$ z %[n 9 fig4 #ag1 ) its l[] edge re/+ on a bas9 ( w>m size1 w be f\nd a conv5i5t arrangem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vii4 ,impression ( a portion ( detail f a ,japanese woodblock 7v ne>ly actual size74 7,to face page #dh47 ,! %eet gelat9e sold by groc]s = cook+ makes an excell5t size4 ,six ( ! ?9 %eets to a p9t ( wat] is a good /r5g?4#c ,! gelat9e is dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 b %\ld n be boil$1 z t p>tially de/roys ! size4 ,:5 dissolv$1 a little p[d]$ alum is also /irr$ 91 ab\t z mu* z w lie on a %ill+ to a p9t ( wat]4 ,! addition ( ! alum is important1 z x acts z a mordant & helps to make a bett] col\r impression4 #c ,see also p4 #ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--;,draw+ ( siz+ ( pap]4 ,9 apply+ ! size to ! pap] a f\r-in* broad flat pa/e bru% is us$4 ,! pap] is laid on ! slant+ bo>d & ! size bru%$ backw>d & =w>d across ! pap] f ! upp] end d[nw>d4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to make creases 9 ! pap]1 z ^! become p]man5t4 ,to avoid ?is ! l[] end ( ! %eet may be held ) ! left h& & rais$ :5 necess>y z ! bru% passes d[nw>ds4 ,! wa/e size w run d[n to ! bas91 b ! pap] ne$ n be flood$1 nor %\ld its surface be bru%$ unnecess>ily1 b x mu/ be fully & ev5ly *>g$ ) size4 ,! %eet is !n pick$ up by ! two upp] corn]s 7:i* may conv5i5tly be kept unsiz$7 & p9n$ at ea* corn] ov] a cord /ret*$ across ! workroom4 ,! %eets are left hang+ until !y are dry4 ,! ,japanese lay ! pap] on ! cord1 lett+ ! two halves ( ! %eet hang d[n equally on ei!r side4 ,! process ( siz+ & dry+ ! %eets ( pap] is illu/rat$ 9 a pr9t %[n 9 ! collection at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,:5 ! pap] is q dry x is tak5 d[n1 & if requir$ at once = pr9t+ %\ld be cut up into %eets ( ! size requir$1 ) suffici5t m>g9 all[$ to rea* ! regi/] m>ks4 ,x is be/ to cut a gauge or patt]n 9 c>dbo>d = use 9 cutt+ ! %eets to a uni=m size4 ,a few %eets ( unsiz$ pap] are ne$$ z damp+ %eets1 "o be+ us$ to e ?ree pr9t+ %eets4 ,! damp+ %eets %\ld be cut at lea/ an in* wid] & long] ?an ! pr9t+ %eets4 ,two wood5 bo>ds are also requir$4 ,! %eets ( pr9t+ pap] are kept betwe5 ^! :ile damp+ be=e "w4 ,to prep>e = "w1 a damp+ %eet is tak5 & bru%$ ov] ev5ly ) wat] ) a broad bru% 7l t us$ = siz+74 ,! %eet mu/ n be soak$1 b made ?or\ghly moi/1 ev5ly all ov]4 ,x is !n laid on "o ( ! two bo>ds1 & on x1 ) ! pr9t+ side 7! smoo!r side7 d[nw>d1 are laid ?ree ( ! siz$ %eets ( pr9t+ pap]4 ,on ^! ano!r moi/ damp+ %eet is laid1 & aga9 ?ree dry %eets ( pr9t+ pap]1 face d[nw>ds1 & s on alt]nately to ! numb] ( %eets ( ! bat* to be pr9t$4 ,a bo>d is plac$ on ! top ( ! pile4 ,! numb] ( pr9ts to be attempt$ at "o pr9t+ w v>y ) ! k9d ( "w & ) ! pr9t]'s exp]i5ce4 ,! pr9t+ may be cont9u$ dur+ ?ree days1 b if ! pap] is kept damp long]1 !re is dang] ( m\ld & spott+4 ,) "w requir+ delicate gradation ( col\r & _m sep>ate block impressions tw5ty or ?irty %eets w be f\nd suffici5t = ?ree days' h>d "w4 ,! pr(essional pr9t]s ( ,japan1 h[ev]1 pr9t bat*es ( two hundr$ & ?ree hundr$ pr9ts at a "t1 b 9 t case ! "w mu/ become l>gely me*anical4#d #d ,see ,*apt] ,,xiii = fur!r exp]i5ce on ?is po9t4 ,! bat* ( pap] & damp+ %eets %\ld rema9 betwe5 ! bo>ds = at lea/ half an h\r :5 new %eets are be+ damp$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,! damp+ %eets1 all b ! top & bottom ones1 %\ld !n be remov$ & ! pr9t+ %eets left toge!r betwe5 ! bo>ds = "s "t be=e pr9t+4 ,an h\r improves _! condition v mu*1 ! moi/ure spread+ equally ?r\gh\t ! bat* ( %eets4 ,be=e pr9t+ !y %\ld be q flat & s(t1 b sc>cely moi/ to ! t\*4 ,if ! %eets are new1 !y may ev5 be left /&+ all night aft] ! fir/ damp+1 & w be 9 p]fect condition = pr9t+ 9 ! morn+ )\t fur!r damp+4 ,no weight %\ld be plac$ on ! bo>ds4 ,al?\gh no pap] has hi!rto be5 f\nd t w take s p]fect an impression f col\r-blocks z ! long-fibr$ ,japanese pap]1 yet x %\ld be ! aim ( all craftsm5 to become indep5d5t ( =eign mat]ials z f> z possible4 ,!re is no d\bt t our pap]-mak]s %\ld be able to produce a pap] ( good quality suffici5tly absorb5t to take col\r f ! wet block & yet t\gh en\gh to be> h&l+ :5 slightly damp4 ,if a %ort-fibr$ pap] is made )\t size1 x comes to pieces :5 x is damp$ = pr9t+4 ,b ! am\nt ( absorb5cy requir$ is n s great z to preclude ! use ( size altoge!r4 ,x is a problem :i* our pap]-mak]s c\ld surely solve4 ,a s(t1 slightly absorb5t1 :ite pap] is requir$4 ,at pres5t no?+ has be5 produc$ to take ! place ( ! long mulb]ry fibre ( ! ,japanese1 :i* pr9ts p]fectly1 b x is f> f be+ pure :ite 9 col\r4 ,a :ite pap] w\ld h a great advantage 9 pr9t+ high & delicate col\r s*emes4 ,,ink ,next 9 importance is ! prep>ation ( ! ink = pr9t+ ! key-block or any black or grey p>ts ( a design4 ,z a rule ! key-block is pr9t$ black1 m or less dilut$ ) pa/e2 inde$ ! key-block is (t5 pr9t$ v fa9tly by means ( pa/e only j t+$ ) a trace ( black4 ,! use ( col\r = ! key-block is treat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ink is prep>$ z foll[s4 ,take a /ick ( solid ,*9ese ink ( good quality1 & break x ) a hamm] into fragm5ts2 put ^! to soak 9 a pot ) wat] = ?ree or f\r days4 7,! quality ( ! /icks ( ,*9ese ink v>ies greatly4 ,! *eap /icks make a co>se & gritty ink :i* does n pr9t well47 ,day by day p\r (f ! wat]1 add+ fre%1 s t ! glue t soaks out ( ! s(t5$ black fragm5ts is remov$4 ,?ree days is usually long en\gh = ?is4 ,if left too long ! :ole mass goes bad & is spoil$4 ,:5 ! black mass is s(t & clean dra9 (f ! wat] & rub ! ink smoo? 9 a di% ) a bone palette knife4 ,x is !n ready = use1 b w\ld rapidly g bad if n us$ up at once1 s t a pres]vative is necess>y to keep a /ock ( ink 9 good condition4 ,an effective me?od is to put ! ink at once into a well-cork$1 wide-m\!d bottle4 ,to ! "u side ( ! cork is nail$ a little wad ( unsiz$ pap] soak$ ) creosote4 ,by ?is means ink c be kept 9 p]fect condition = weeks or mon?s4 ,a drop ( fre% creosote %\ld occasionally be put on ! wad fix$ to ! cork4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,cork ( ink-bottle ) wad = pres]vative4 ,fre% ink may at any "t be obta9$ rapidly 9 small quantities by rubb+ d[n a /ick ( ,*9ese ink on a slab 9 ! ord9>y way1 b ?is is v labori\s1 & is only wor? :ile if "o ne$s a small quantity ( a glossy black1 = :i* ! rubb$-d[n ink conta9+ all its glue is ! be/4 ,,col\r ,any col\r t c be obta9$ 9 a f9e dry p[d] may be us$ 9 wood-block pr9t+4 ,"s arti/s h succe$$ 9 us+ ord9>y wat] col\rs sold 9 tubes1 by mix+ ! col\r ) ! rice pa/e be=e pr9t+2 b ! be/ results are obta9$ by ! use ( pure1 f9ely gr\nd dry col\r mix$ only ) wat]1 ! rice pa/e be+ add$ actually on ! block4 ,mo/ ( ! arti/s' col\r m]*ants supply col\r by weight 9 ! =m ( dry p[d]3 any col\r t is commonly us$ 9 oil or wat]-col\r pa9t+ may be obta9$ 9 ?is /ate4 ,a /ock ( useful col\rs %\ld be kept 9 wide-neck$ bottles4 ,a few %all[ plates or small di%es are ne$$ to hold col\r & a bone or horn palette knife = mix+ & rubb+ ! col\r into a smoo? pa/e 9 ! di%es4 ,small bone pap] knives are useful = tak+ col\r f ! bottles4 ,:5 ! col\r s*eme ( a pr9t is made c]ta9--& ?is is be/ done by pr9t+ small exp]im5tal bat*es--x is a good plan to h a numb] ( cov]$ pots equal to ! numb] ( ! diff]5t col\r impressions1 & to fill ^! ) a quantity ( ea* t9t1 ! col\r or col\rs be+ mix$ smoo?ly ) wat] to ! consi/5cy ( /iff cream4 ,"s col\rs w be f\nd to pr9t m smoo?ly & easily ?an o!rs4 ,yell[ o*re1 = in/ance1 pr9ts ) p]fect smoo?ness & ease1 :ile heavi] or m gritty col\rs t5d to sep>ate & are m difficult4 ,9 ! case ( a v heavy col\r su* z v]milion1 a drop ( glue solution w keep ! col\r smoo? = pr9t+1 & less pa/e is necess>y4 ,b mo/ col\rs w give good impressions by means ( rice pa/e alone4 ,x is ess5tial1 h[ev]1 t only v f9ely gr\nd col\rs ( good quality %\ld be us$4 ,,pa/e ,a pa/e mu/ be us$ ) ! col\r 9 ord] to hold x on to ! surface ( ! pap] & to give brilliancy4 ,! col\r1 if pr9t$ )\t pa/e1 w\ld dry to p[d] aga94 ,! pa/e also pres]ves ! matt quality :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,japanese pr9ts4 ,f9ely gr\nd rice fl\r may be obta9$ f groc]y deal]s4 ,an excell5t ,fr5* prep>ation ( rice sold 9 packets z ,creme de ,riz is p]fect = ! purpose ( mak+ pa/e = pr9t+4 ,x %\ld be c>efully made z foll[s3 ,:ile half a p9t ( wat] is put to boil 9 a saucepan ov] a small _s lamp or gas burn]1 mix 9 a cup ab\t two teaspoonfuls ( rice fl\r ) wat]1 add$ little by little until a smoo? cream is made ) no lumps 9 x4 ,a bone spoon is good = ?is purpose4 ,p\r ?is mixture into ! boil+ wat] 9 ! saucepan all at once1 & /ir well till x boils aga91 aft] :i* x %\ld be left simm]+ ov] a small flame = five m9utes4 ,:5 ! pa/e has cool$ x %\ld be smoo? & almo/ fluid en\gh to p\r3 n /iff l a pudd+4 ,:ile pr9t+1 a little pa/e is put out 9 a sauc] & repl5i%$ f "t to "t4 ,fre% pa/e %\ld be made e day4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,detail$ ,me?od ( ,pr9t+ ,success 9 pr9t+ dep5ds v mu* on c>e & ord]l9ess4 ,x is necess>y to keep to a fix$ arrangem5t ( ! position ( ev]y?+ on ! "w-table & to h all kept z clean z possible4 ,to see ! deft & unhurri$ "w ( a ,japanese craftsman at pr9t+ is a great lesson1 & a reproa* to ,we/]n clums9ess4 ,! positions indicat$ by ! diagram on page #aa w be f\nd to be practical & conv5i5t4 ,! special tools us$ 9 pr9t+ are ! b>5 or pr9t+ pad1 :i* is ! only in/rum5t ( pressure us$1 & ! pr9t+ bru%es4 ,,! ,,b>5 ,,or ,,pr9t+ ,,pad ,z made by ! ,japanese1 ! b>5 is ab\t five in*es 9 diamet]1 & consi/s ( a circul> bo>d ^u :i* a flat coil ( cord or twi/$ fibre is laid4 ,?is is held 9 place by a cov]+ made ( a /rip ( bamboo-%ea?1 ! two ends ( :i* are twi/$ & br\ght toge!r at ! back ( ! bo>d s z to =m a h&le4 ,! flat surface ( ! bamboo-%ea? is on ! "u side ( ! pad :5 ! h&le is upp]mo/4 ,! ribb$ bamboo-%ea? is imp]vi\s to ! dampness ( ! pap] 9 pr9t+1 & ! pad may be us$ to rub & press directly on ! back ( ! damp pap] z x lies on ! block )\t any protective back+ %eet4 ,! collotype reproduction fac+ page #ab %[s ! %ape & "* ( ! b>54 ,japanese pr9t+ pads may be obta9$ f "s ( ! arti/s' col\r-m51 or f ,japan ?r\gh v>i\s ag5cies4 ,!y are by f> ! be/ in/rum5t = ! purpose4 ,a pad la/s a consid]able "t1 & :5 ! bamboo %ea? we>s ?r\gh may be re-cov]$ z describ$ bel[4 ,if ! new bamboo %ea? is unobta9able1 ! b>5 may be re-cov]$ by a %eet ( vegetable p>*m5t 7( ! k9d us$ = cov]+ pots ( jam71 laid on :5 wet1 & twi/$ & b\nd at ! end l ! orig9al bamboo cov]+4 ,a b>5 us$ & re-cov]$ :5 worn w la/ = an indef9ite "t 9 ?is way4 ,,to ,,re-,,cov] ,a ,,worn ,,b>5 ,,) ,,bamboo ,,%ea? ,damp ! new leaf 9 wat] ) a bru% on bo? sides ?or\ghly4 ,wipe dry bo? sides4 ,lay x on a flat surface & /ret* wid] ) ! f+]s on ! inside1 keep+ ! leaf flat ) ! palm ( ! h&4 ,rub ! inside ( ! leaf ) some?+ h>d & smoo? across ! wid? on bo? sides4 #a4 ,cut ,,ag1 ,,bg ) leaf fold$4 #b4 ,place ! r\nd pad 9 position on ! flat leaf4 #c4 ,/ret* ! leaf to lap at sides ,,ef4 #d4 ,turn 9 ,,ea & ,,bf fold by fold1 fir/ "o side & !n ! o!r4 #e4 ,pull h>d be=e beg9n+ ! o!r end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--,me?od ( re-cov]+ b>54 #f4 ,cut away ,,*1 ,,dh1 hold+ d[n firmly ! end done4 #g4 ,twi/ up ! ends tightly1 pull ov] to ! c5tre1 & tie tightly toge!r2 cut (f ends4 #h4 ,poli% on bo>d & oil slightly4 ,twi/ ! inside "p ( ! b>5 occasionally to save we> by *ang+ its position )9 ! %ea?4 ,sev]al sub/itutes h be5 tri$ 9 place ( ! ,japanese b>51 ) cov]+s ( lea!r1 %>k's sk91 celluloid1 & v>i\s o!r mat]ials1 b ^! necessitate ! use ( a back+ %eet to protect ! pap] f _! h>% surfaces4 ,an +5i\s rubb] ( ribb$ glass :i* works directly on ! pap] has be5 devis$ by ,mr4 ,william ,giles1 :o has produc$ beautiful results by its means4 ,if "o is us+ ! ,japanese b>51 its surface ne$s to be kept v slightly oil$ to enable x to run freely ov] ! damp pap]4 ,a pad ( pap] ) a drop ( sweet oil suffices = ?is1 & may lie on ! "r ( ! pr9t+ block :]e ! b>5 is put aft] ea* impression is tak54 ,an ev5 simpl] me?od is t ( ! ,japanese craftsman :o rubs ! b>5 f "t to "t on ! back ( 8 head4 ,,bru%es ,japanese pr9t+ bru%es are sold by "s arti/s' col\r deal]s1 b ^! are n ess5tial1 nor h !y any practical sup]iority ov] well-made ,we/]n bru%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--;,draw+ ( bru%es4 ,an excell5t type ( bru% is t made ( black ,sib]ian be> hair = f9e v>ni%+4 ,^! c be _h f good bru%-mak]s ) ! hair fix$ s t x w /& soak+ 9 wat]4 ,draw+s ( ! type ( bru% are giv5 above4 ,?ree or f\r are suffici5t2 "o broad bru%1 ab\t ?ree in*es1 = l>ge spaces1 "o two-in*1 & two "o-in*1 w d ne>ly all t is ne$$4 ,occasionally a small] bru% may be ( use4 ,,pr9t+ ,to beg9 pr9t+1 "o takes fir/ ! key-block1 lay+ x ^u a wet %eet ( unsiz$ pap]1 or ^u wads ( wet pap] "u ea* corn] ( ! block1 :i* w keep x q /eady on ! "w-table4 ,a bat* ( %eets ( pr9t+ pap]1 prep>$ & damp$ z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v1 lies betwe5 bo>ds j beyond ! block4 ,! pad lies close to ! block at ! "r on oily pap] p9n$ to ! table4 ,to ! "r also are a di% or plate on :i* a little ink is spread1 ! pr9t+ bru% 7broad = ! key-block71 a sauc] conta9+ fre% pa/e1 a b[l ( wat]1 a small sponge1 & a clo?4 ,no?+ else is ne$$1 & x is be/ to keep ! table cle> ( unnecess>y pots or col\r bottles4 ,:5 ^! ?+s are ready "o %\ld see t ! pap] is 9 a good /ate4 ,x %\ld be r dri] = a key-block ?an = o!r blocks1 z a f9e l9e w pr9t ?ickly if ! pap] is too damp & s(t4 ,9 fact1 x c sc>cely be too dry = ! key-block1 provid$ t x has become p]fectly smoo?1 & is /ill flexible en\gh = complete contact ) ! block4 ,b x mu/ n be ei!r dry or damp 9 pat*es4 ,if ! pap] is all "r1 "o lifts (f ! upp] bo>d & top damp+ %eet1 plac+ !m on ! left1 ready to receive ! %eets :5 pr9t$4 ,! key-block1 if q dry1 mu/ be moi/5$ ) a damp sponge & !n bru%$ ov] ) ! broad pr9t+ bru% & ink4 ,if a grey l9e is want$ ! bru% %\ld be dipp$ 9 a little ( ! pa/e & sc>cely t\*$ ) ink4 ,= a pale grey l9e ! key-block also mu/ be well wa%$ be=e pr9t+4 ,ev5 if ! l9e is to be black a little pa/e %\ld be us$4 ,?is is be/ add$ aft] "o has bru%$ ! black ink on to ! block1 n mix$ ) x be=eh&4 ,! ink & pa/e are !n brok5 toge!r smoo?ly & completely ov] ! :ole surface ( ! block4 ,! la/ few bru% /rokes %\ld be ( ! full l5g? or bread? ( ! block & be giv5 lightly ) ! bru% held upright4 ,! ink+ ( ! block mu/ be ?or\ghly done1 b ) no m bru%+ ?an is necess>y to spread ! col\r equally4 ,:5 prop]ly *>g$ ) ink ! block %\ld n be at all wet1 b j cov]$ ) a v ?9 & ne>ly dry film ( ink & pa/e4 ,no "t %\ld be wa/$ 9 lift+ ! top %eet ( pr9t+ pap] on to ! block1 plac+ fir/ its "r corn] 9 ! regi/] not*1 & hold+ x !re ) ! ?umb1 !n ! edge ( ! pap] to ! o!r not*1 to be held ) ! left ?umb :ile ! "r h& is releas$ to take up ! b>5 7fig4 #ba74 ,beg9n+ at ! left1 ! b>5 is rubb$ backw>ds & =w>ds1 a full /roke ea* "t1 to ! outside limits ( ! block1 ) a mod]ate1 ev5 pressure1 mov+ ! /roke 9 a zigzag t[>ds ! "r end ( ! block 7fig4 #bb74 ,once ov] %\ld be en\gh4 ,a second rub makes heavy pr9t+ ( ! f9] l9es4 ,!n ! pap] is lift$ f ! block & plac$ on ! bo>d to ! left4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,mann] ( hold+ ! pap]4 ,p>ticul> att5tion mu/ be giv5 to ! c>eful plac+ ( ! pap] home 9 ! regi/] not*es1 & to hold+ x !re until ! rubb] has gripp$ ! pap] on ! block4 ,%eet by %eet all ! pr9t+ pap] is pass$ 9 ?is way ov] ! key-block1 & pil$ toge!r4 ,!re is no fe> ( ! ink (fsett+ or m>k+ ! pr9t plac$ above x4 ,z ! "w proce$s ! block w give bett] & bett] impressions4 ,spoil$ or defective impressions %\ld be put toge!r at ! top ( ! pile :5 x lies ready = ! next pr9t+1 = ! fir/ few impressions are always unc]ta91 & x is well to use ! defective pr9ts z pione]s1 s z n to spoil good ones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,mann] ( us+ ! b>54 ,:5 ! block has be5 pr9t$ on ! :ole bat*1 ! %eets %\ld be replac$ at once betwe5 ! bo>ds be=e "o prep>es = ! col\r impressions4 ,usually ! pap] w be too dry = col\r by ?is "t3 if ?is is s1 ! damp+ %eets %\ld be moi/5$ & put 9 aga9 z be=e2 "o to ea* ?ree pr9t+ %eets4 ,9 a m9ute or two !y w h damp$ ! pap] suffici5tly & mu/ be tak5 out1 leav+ ! pr9t+ %eets to /&1 betwe5 ! bo>ds1 ready = ! fir/ col\r-block4 ,,pr9t+ ,,f ,,col\r-,,blocks ,9 pr9t+ col\r ! pap] may be slightly damp] ?an x %\ld be = key-block impressions1 & a heavi] pressure is necess>y on ! b>5 if ! col\r masses are l>ge4 ,if ! b>5 is press$ lightly ! col\r w n completely cov] ! pap]1 b w leave a dry1 granul> texture4 ,occasionally ?is quality may be useful1 b z a rule a smoo?1 ev5ly pr9t$ surface is be/4 ,x w be f\nd t smoo?1 ev5 pr9t+ is n obta9$ by load+ ! block ) col\r or pa/e1 b by us+ ! lea/ possible quantity ( bo?1 & ne>ly dry pap]4 ,9 beg9n+ to pr9t f a col\r-block1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to moi/5 ! block fully be=e pr9t+1 or x w n yield ! col\r f its surface2 b ! block mu/ be wip$1 & n us$ :ile actually wet4 ,! pr9t+ proce$s exactly z 9 ! case ( ! key-block1 except = ! heavi] use ( ! b>54 ,! pa/e %\ld be add$ aft] ! col\r has be5 r\ghly bru%$ on to ! block1 & !n ! two are smoo?ly bru%$ toge!r4 ,! ,japanese pr9t]s put ! pa/e on to ! block by means ( a little /ick kept 9 ! di% ( pa/e4 ,exp]i5ce w soon %[ ! am\nt ( pa/e ne$$4 ,x is important nei!r to add too mu* nor to /9t ! pa/e1 z ! col\r :5 dry dep5ds on ! pa/e = its quality4 ,too little pa/e gives a dead effect4 ,"s ( ! col\rs pr9t m easily ?an o!rs4 ,) a /icky col\r x is well to wipe ! block ) a ne>ly dry sponge betwe5 ea* impression1 s t ! wood gives up its col\r m readily4 ,9 ! case ( a v heavy col\r su* z v]milion a drop ( glue & wat] may help2 b ) practically all ! col\rs t are g5]ally us$ ! rice pa/e & c>eful pr9t+ are en\gh4 ,! am\nt ( size 9 ! pap] is ano!r important factor 9 ! pr9t+ ( col\r4 ,if ! pap] is too lightly siz$ ! fibres w deta* !mselves & /ick to ! damp block4 ,or if too heavily siz$ ! pap] w n take up ! col\r cleanly f ! block1 & w look h>d :5 dry4 ,"o v soon feels in/9ctively ! "r quality & condition ( ! block1 col\r1 & pap] :i* are ess5tial to good pr9t+2 & to pr9t well "o mu/ become s5sitive to !m4 ,,pr9t+ ,,( ,,gradations ,beside ! pr9t+ ( flat masses ( col\r1 "o ( ! great res\rces ( block pr9t+ is 9 ! p[] ( delicate gradation 9 pr9t+4 ,! simple/ way ( mak+ a gradation f /rong to pale col\r is to dip "o corn] ( a broad bru% into ! col\r & ! o!r corn] into wat] s t ! wat] j runs into ! col\r3 !n1 by squeez+ ! :ole wid? ( ! bru% broadly betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] s t mo/ ( ! wat] is squeez$ out1 ! bru% is left *>g$ ) a t9t gradat$ f side to side4 ,! bru% is !n dipp$ lightly into pa/e along its :ole edge1 & bru%$ a few times to & fro across ! block :]e ! gradation is ne$$4 ,x is easy 9 ?is way to pr9t a v delicately gradat$ t9t f full col\r to :ite4 ,if ! pale edge ( ! t9t is to disappe>1 ! block %\ld be moi/5$ along ! surface ) a sponge :]e ! col\r is to cease4 ,a s(t edge may be giv5 to a t9t ) a bru% ord9>ily *>g$ if ! block is moi/5$ ) a clean sponge at ! "p :]e ! t9t is to cease4 ,?is effect is (t5 se5 at ! top ( ! sky 9 a ,japanese l&scape pr9t :]e a d>k blue b& ( col\r is pr9t$ ) a s(t edge sudd5ly gradat$ to :ite1 or sometimes ! plumage ( birds is pr9t$ ) sudd5 gradations4 ,9 fact1 ! me?od may be develop$ 9 all k9ds ( ways4 ,(t5 x is an advantage to pr9t a gradation & !n a flat tone ov] ! gradation 9 a second pr9t+4 ,,(fsett+ ,no c>e ne$ be tak5 to prev5t (fsett+ ( ! col\r :ile pr9t+4 ,! pr9ts may be pil$ on ! top ( ea* o!r imm$iately z !y are lift$ f ! block1 )\t fe> ( (fsett+ or m>k+ ea* o!r4 ,only an excessive use ( col\r1 or ! leav+ ( heavy ridges ( col\r at ! edges ( ! block by c>eless bru%+1 w sometimes m>k ! next pr9t on ! pile4 ,z 9 pr9t+ ! key-block1 x is well to hold ! bru% q upright = ! la/ /rokes across ! block1 & always to give a full /roke across ! :ole l5g? or wid? ( ! =m to be col\r$4 ,z soon z "o col\r-block has be5 pr9t$1 ! next may be tak5 & pr9t$ at once1 )\t fe> ( ! col\r runn+1 ev5 ?\gh ! fre% col\r t\*es ! p>ts already pr9t$4 ,"o by "o ea* col\r-block is pr9t$ 9 ?is way until ! bat* ( pap] has be5 pass$ ov] ! :ole set ( blocks compos+ ! design ( ! pr9t4 ,!re may sometimes be an advantage 9 n pr9t+ ! key-block fir/1 ?\gh z a rule x %\ld come fir/ = ! sake ( keep+ ! lat] blocks 9 prop] regi/]4 ,if ! key-block is n pr9t$ "o _c see h[ ! col\r-blocks are fitt+4 ,b 9 ! case ( a sky ) p]haps two or ev5 ?ree pr9t+s--a gradation & a flat tone or two gradations--!re is dang] ( blurr+ ! l9es ( ! key-block1 s t 9 su* a case ! sky %\ld be pr9t$ fir/1 & !n ! key-block foll[$ by ! rema9+ col\r-blocks4 ,at ! end ( a day's pr9t+ ! pr9ts may q safely be left /&+ toge!r betwe5 ! bo>ds until ! next day4 ,= ?ree days ! damp pap] comes to no h>m1 except 9 hot wea!r1 b on ! f\r? day little r$ spots ( m\ld beg9 to %[ & spread4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t fre%ly boil$ pa/e is to be us$ ea* day4 ,,dry+ ,,( ,,pr9ts ,:5 ! pr9ts are f9i%$ !y %\ld be put to dry z soon z possible4 ,if !y are spread out & left expos$ to ! air !y w soon dry1 b 9 dry+ w cockle1 & _c !n be easily press$ flat4 ,x is bett] to h a numb] ( mill-bo>ds or absorb5t pulp bo>ds r l>g] ?an ! pr9ts1 & to pile ! pr9ts & bo>ds alt]nately "o by "o1 plac+ a weight on ! top ( ! pile4 ,! absorb5t bo>ds w rapidly dry ! pr9ts & keep !m q flat4 ,f9i%$ pr9ts %\ld be numb]$ = ref]5ce1 & %\ld1 if pr9t$ by ! arti/ himself1 also be> 8 signature --or "s pr9t$ sign to t effect4 ,! numb] ( pr9ts obta9able f a set ( blocks is difficult to e/imate4 ,! ,japanese pr9t]s are said to h made editions ( sev]al ?\s&s f s+le sets ( blocks4 ,! actual we> 9 pr9t+ ev5 ( a f9e l9e block is imp]ceptible1 = ! pressure is v slight4 ,c]ta9ly hundr$s ( pr9ts c be made )\t any det]ioration4 ,b an arti/ :o is bo? design+ & produc+ 8 own "w w n be incl9$ to pr9t l>ge editions4#e #e ,fur!r exp]i5ce on ?is po9t is giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,viii on ,co-op]ative ,pr9t+4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,pr9ciples & ,ma9 ,consid]ations 9 design+ ,wood-block ,pr9ts--,_! ,application to ,mod]n ,col\r ,pr9t+ ,until "o has become q famili> ) ! craft ( wood-block pr9t+ x is n possible to make a satisfactory design = a pr9t1 or to und]/& ei!r ! full res\rces t are available or ! limits t are fix$4 ,9 beg9n+ x is well to und]take only a small design1 s t no great am\nt ( mat]ial or "t ne$ be consum$ 9 ga9+ ! fir/ exp]i5ce1 b ?is small piece ( "w %\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh to ! end1 h[ev] defective x may become at any /age4 ,a small key-block & two or ?ree col\r pat*es may all be cut on ! two sides ( "o plank = ?is purpose4 ,!re is great div]sity ( op9ion z to ! conv5tions t are appropriate to ! design+ ( col\r pr9ts4 ,9 ! "w ( ! ,japanese ma/]s ! conv5tion does n v>y4 ,a descriptive black or grey l9e is us$ ?r\gh\t ! design1 outl9+ all =ms or us$ z flat spots or pat*es4 ,! l9e is n always uni=m1 b is develop$ ) great subtlety to sugge/ ! "* ( ! =m express$1 s t ! subsequ5t flat mass ( col\r pr9t$ )9 ! l9e appe>s to be modell$4 ,?is treatm5t ( ! l9e is "o ( ! great res\rces ( ! "w1 & is special to ?is k9d ( design1 9 :i* ! l9e has to be cut ) ! knife on bo? sides1 & is = ?is reason capable ( unusual developm5t 9 its p[] ( express+ =m4 ,inde$ ! knife is ! f9al in/rum5t 9 ! draw+ ( ! design4 ,typical examples ( key-block impressions are giv5 on pages #bf & #cc3 !y %[ ! v>iety ( "* & quality possible 9 ! l9es & black masses ( key-blocks4 ,! design+ ( a pr9t dep5ds mo/ ( all ^u ?is developm5t ( l9e & black mass 9 ! key-block4 ,! col\r patt]n ( ! pr9t is held toge!r by x1 & ! =m sugge/$4 ,9 ! ,japanese pr9ts ! key-block is inv>iably pr9t$ black or grey4 ,masses int5d$ to be d5se black 9 ! f9i%$ pr9t are pr9t$ fir/ a flat grey by ! key-block1 & are !n pr9t$ a full black f a col\r-block l any o!r pat* ( col\r1 ! d\ble pr9t+ be+ necess>y to give ! int5sity ( ! black4 ,al?\gh sev]al mod]n pr9ts h be5 design$ on o!r pr9ciples1 & sometimes a col\r$ key-block is successfully us$1 yet ! conv5tion adopt$ by ! ,japanese is ! simple/ & mo/ fundam5tal ( all4 ,outside its safe limitations ! te*nical difficulties are increas$1 & "o is l$ to make compromises t /ra9 ! prop] res\rces ( block pr9t+ & are ( d\btful advantage4 ,! temptation to use col\r ) ! key-block comes :5 "o attempts to use ! key-block = r5d]+ light & %ad[4 ,its use by ! ,japanese ma/]s 0 g5]ally = ! descriptive expression ( ! cont\rs ( objects1 ignor+ entirely _! %ad[s1 or any effects ( light & %ade1 unless a %ad[ happ5$ occasionally to be an important "p ( ! patt]n ( ! design4 ,g5]ally1 z 9 ne>ly all ! l&scape pr9ts by ,hiro%ige1 ! l9e is descriptive or sugge/ive ( ess5tial =m1 n ( effects 9 light & %ade4 ,if ! key-block is us$ = light & %ade1 ! "q ( relative tones & values ( %ad[s arises1 & ^! w be falsifi$ unless a key-block is made = ea* sep>ate plane or "p ( ! design1 & !n !re is dang] ( confusion or ( compromises t are beyond ! true scope ( ! "w4 ,x is g5]ally safe/ to pr9t ! key-block 9 a tone t bl5ds ) ! g5]al tone ( ! pr9t1 & n to use x z a "p ( ! col\r patt]n4 ,x s]ves ma9ly to control ! =m1 leav+ ! col\r-blocks to give ! col\r patt]n4 ,!re are cases1 ( c\rse1 :]e no rule holds good1 & sometimes a design may successfully omit ! key-block altoge!r1 us+ only a few silh\ettes ( col\r1 "o ( :i* controls ! ma9 =m ( ! pr9t1 & s]ves z key-block4 ,frequ5tly1 also1 ! key-block may be us$ to give ! int]ior =m or "* ( "p ( a design1 leav+ ! %ape ( a col\r-block to express ! outside %ape or cont\r2 z 9 ! spots sugge/+ foliage 9 ! pr9t on page #aad4 ,! %apes ( ! tree =ms are p>tly left to ! col\r-block to complete1 ! key only giv+ ! sugge/ion ( ! g5]al brok5 "* ( ! foliage1 n ! outside limits ( ! bran*es4 ,! out] %ape ( a tree or bran* is r>ely express$ by an enclos+ l9e 9 any ( ! ,japanese pr9ts4 ,! key-block is (t5 us$ to describe int]ior =m :5 a silh\ette ( col\r is all t is ne$$ = ! cont\r4 ,! expressive r5d]+ ( ! r\gh surface ( tree trunks & ( =ms ( rock1 or ! articulation ( plants & ! sugge/ion ( objects 9 atmosph]ic di/ance or mi/1 %\ld be /udi$ 9 good pr9ts by ! ,japanese ma/]s4 ,9 pr9t$ "w by mod]n ma/]s--z1 = example1 ! "w ( ! great ,fr5* design]s ( po/] adv]tisem5ts--mu* may be le>nt 9 ! use & developm5t ( expressive l9e4 ,! ,japanese sy/em ( tra9+ is well describ$ 9 a book by ,h5ry ,p4 ,b[ie on ,! ,laws ( ,japanese ,pa9t+1 9 :i* _m useful sugge/ions are giv5 ) ref]5ce to graphic bru% draw+ & ! sugge/ive use ( l9e & bru% m>ks4 ,z "p ( ! tra9+ ( a design] = mod]n decorative pr9t+1 ! exp]i5ce & s5se ( economy t are to be ga9$ f ! /udy ( wood-block pr9t+ are v great4 ,p]haps no "w goes s directly to ! ess5tials ( ! art ( decorative design+ = pr9t$ "w ( all k9ds4 ,! wood blocks n only compel economy ( design1 b also lead "o to x4 ,ev5 z a means ( g5]al tra9+ 9 ! elem5ts ( decorative pictorial composition ! wood blocks h great possibilities z an adjunct to ! c\rses ( "w foll[$ by art /ud5ts4 ,! same problems t arise 9 all decoration may be dealt ) by _! means on a small scale1 b "u conditions t are ess5tially in/ructive4 ,col\r s*emes may be /udi$ & work$ out ) entire fre$om by pr9t+ & repr9t+ until a problem is ?or\ghly solv$4 ,a col\r design may be /udi$ & work$ out z fully by means ( a small set ( blocks1 & ) m fre$om = exp]im5t & alt]ation ?an is possible by ! usual me?ods ( /udy1 su* z pa9t+ & repa9t+ on pap] or canvas or wall2 = ! =m be+ once e/abli%$ by ! blocks1 ! col\r may be recon/ruct$ aga9 & aga9 )\t limit4 ,! craft has ?us n only its special int]e/ z a means ( p]sonal expression1 b also a m g5]al use z a means ( tra9+ & prep>ation = ! wid] scope & almo/ unlimit$ res\rces ( mod]n pr9t+4 ,! be/ use ( ^? res\rces w be made by arti/s :o h be5 tra9$ "u simpl] conditions1 & h f\nd _! way gradually to an und]/&+ ( ! secrets ( ae/hetic economy 9 pr9t+4 ,"o ( ! _m pa?s to t exp]i5ce is by way ( ! craft ( ! wood-block pr9t]4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,co-op]ative ,pr9t+ ,a pr9t is %[n at ! end ( ?is book 7page #ie7 z an example ( a fir/ exp]im5t 9 co-op]ative pr9t+4 ,an actual pr9t 0 ne$$ to illu/rate ! me?od ( block pr9t+1 & ! numb] requir$ 0 too great = a s+le pr9t] to und]take4 ,s ! "w 0 divid$ betwe5 f\r pr9t]s 7( :om ! writ] 0 "o71 work+ toge!r4 ,ea* ( u _h be5 accu/om$ to pr9t our own pr9ts 9 small bat*es ( a doz5 or two at a "t1 giv+ individual c>e to ea* pr9t4 ,! pr9t+ ( #bjjj pr9ts to a fix$ type 0 a v diff]5t matt]1 & prov$ an in/ructive & valuable exp]i5ce4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! pr9t+ ( a l>ge numb] ( successive impressions gave "o an increas+ly delicate control ( a block1 & a high p]c5tage ( p]fect impressions4 ,aft] ! initial exp]im5ts & practice1 ! failures 9 ! lat] bat*es ( ! pr9t 7 r$uc$ to only #d or #e p] c5t4 ( ! complet$ pr9ts4 ,! "w 0 done 9 bat*es ( #bej pr9ts1 ea* pr9t receiv+ eight impressions1 z %[n on pages #ih to #aji4 ,ea* ( ! f\r pr9t]s took *>ge ( a p>ticul> s]ies ( ! blocks1 :i* 7 pr9t$ 9 a regul> ord]4 ,x 0 f\nd mo/ conv5i5t to pr9t ! key-block la/ ( all1 z ! heavy blacks 9 x 7 incl9$ to (fset "u ! pressure ( ! b>5 & slightly soil ! col\r-blocks1 if ! key-block 0 pr9t$ fir/1 z is usually ! practice4 ,! col\r-blocks 7 pr9t$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are plac$ 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,! be/ quality ( "w 0 done on ne>ly dry pap]4 ,! damp+ %eets 7 plac$ among ! new pap] at ! end ( ! day's "w & remov$ aft] t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 ! pr9t+ pap] !n 0 left /&+ ov] night betwe5 bo>ds1 ready = "w 9 ! morn+1 & 0 n damp$ aga9 until aft] receiv+ sev]al impressions4 ,!n x 0 v slightly damp$ aga9 by means ( a damp+ %eet to e t5 or twelve pr9ts plac$ !re = a v few m9utes4 ,z "o pr9t] f9i%$ ! impressions f "o ( 8 blocks1 ! bat* ( pap]s 0 pass$ on to ! o!rs1 ea* 9 turn4 ,9 ?is way ?ree bat*es ( #bej 7 pr9t$ )\t ha/e 9 "o week1 work+ eight h\rs a day = five & a half days4 ,! *ief difficulty exp]i5c$ 0 9 keep+ to ! exact col\r & quality ( ! type pr9t1 ea* pr9t] be+ incl9$ to v>y accord+ to individual pref]5ces4 ,to c\nt]act ?is t5d5cy1 x is necess>y = "o individual to wat* & control ! o!rs 9 ^! respects4 ,o!rwise ! "w proce$$ easily & made v cle> ! possibilities ( ! craft = ! pr9t+ ( l>ge numb]s ( pr9ts = special purposes :]e ! qualities requir$ are n obta9able by ma*9e pr9t+4 ,obvi\sly ! be/ results w always be obta9$ by ! individual pr9t+ ( 8 own "w by an arti/4 ,?is c only be done1 h[ev]1 9 comp>atively small numb]s1 yet ! blocks are capable ( pr9t+ v l>ge quantities )\t det]ioration4 ,! set ( blocks us$ = ! example giv5 "h %[$ v little det]ioration aft] #djjj impressions _h be5 tak54 ,! key-block 0 less worn ?an any1 ! pressure be+ v slight = ?is block1 & ! ink p]fectly smoo?4 ,! impression ( :i* a reproduction is giv5 on page #aji 0 tak5 aft] #djjj _h be5 pr9t$ f ! key-block4 ,block ,no4 #b 0 mu* m worn by ! gritty nature ( ! burnt si5na us$ 9 its pr9t+4 ,x w\ld be an easy matt]1 h[ev]1 to replace any p>ticul> col\r-block t might %[ signs ( we> 9 a long c\rse ( pr9t+4 ,o!r examples giv5 9 ! ,app5dix %[ qualities & me?ods ( treatm5t t are in/ructive or sugge/ive4 ,no4 #f is ! key impression ( a ,japanese pr9t 9 :i* an admirable v>iety ( res\rce is %[n by its design2 ! "* ( ea* k9d ( =m be+ r5d]$ by su* simple yet s expressive indications4 ,x is in/ructive to /udy ! means by :i* ?is is done1 & to notice h[ int]ior =m is sometimes sugge/$ by gr\ps ( spots or black m>ks ( v>i$ %ape :ile ! indication ( ! ext]nal =m is left entirely to ! %ape ( ! col\r-block subsequ5tly to be pr9t$4 ,plate ,,xvi is a reproduction ( a pr9t by ,hiro%ige & %[s ! sugge/ive use ( ! key-block 9 r5d]+ tree =ms4 ,plates ,,xvii & ,,xviii %[ 9 great] detail ?is k9d ( treatm5t4 ,plates ,,xxiii-,,xxiv are key-blocks ( mod]n pr9t designs4 ,,app5dix ,an orig9al pr9t 9 col\r1 design$ & cut by ! au?or & pr9t$ by h& on ,japanese pap]1 foll[$ by collotype reproductions %[+ ! sep>ate impressions ( ! col\r blocks us$ = ?is pr9t1 & o!r collotype reproductions ( v>i\s examples ( pr9t+ & design4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,! p>ticul>s giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,viii on co-op]ative pr9t+ ref] specially to ! orig9al pr9t includ$ 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,9 ?is edition an entirely new pr9t is %[n1 & only #a1jjj copies ( x are be+ publi%$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,viii4--,an orig9al ,pr9t design$ & cut by ! ,au?or1 pr9t$ by h& on ,japanese pap]4 ,plates orig9ally pr9t$ 9 collotype are n[ produc$ 9 half-tone ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ix4--,fir/ pr9t+4 ,key block4 ,black4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,x4--,second pr9t+4 ,dull ,r$4 ,pr9t$ lightly at ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xi4--,?ird pr9t+4 ,deep ,blue4 ,/rong at ! bottom1 pal] at ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xii4--,fif? pr9t+4 ,bright ,orange4 7,! f\r? pr9t+1 n %[n1 is a simil> small block1 pr9t+ a fa9t tone ov] ! road 9 ! =egr\nd47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xiii4--,six? pr9t+4 ,indian ,r$4 ,gradation4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xiv4--,sev5? pr9t+4 ,gre54 ,pr9t$ flat4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xv4--,eigh? pr9t+4 ,blui% gre54 ,gradation4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xvi4--,reproduction ( a col\r pr9t by ,hiro%ige4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xvii4--,reproduction ( a portion ( ! pr9t %[n on ! prec$+ page1 actual size1 %[+ ! treatm5t ( ! foliage & ! expressive draw+ ( ! tree trunk & /ems4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xviii4--,reproduction ( ano!r portion ( ! pr9t %[n on page #aaa 7actual size71 %[+ ! expressive use ( l9e 9 ! draw+ ( ! di/ant =ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xix4--,reproduction ( a col\r pr9t by ,hiro%ige4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xx4--,reproduction ( a portion 7actual size7 ( ! pr9t on ! prec$+ page1 %[+ treatm5t ( tree =ms & di/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxi4--,reproduction ( a col\r pr9t by ,hiro%ige4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxii4--,reproduction ( a portion 7actual size7 ( ! pr9t on ! prec$+ page1 %[+ treatm5t ( tree & blossom4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxiii4--,! ,tig]4 ,reproduction ( a col\r pr9t by ,j4 ,d4 ,batt54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xxiv4--,lapw+s4 ,reproduction ( a col\r pr9t by ,a4 ,w4 ,seaby4 ,,books ,,( ,,ref]5ce ,tools & ,mat]ials illu/rat+ ! ,japanese ,me?od ( ,col\r ,pr9t+4 ,a descriptive catalogue ( a collection exhibit$ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ,london4 ,price ,twop5ce4 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum ,catalogues4 #aiac4 ,! ,col\r ,pr9ts ( ,japan4 ,by ,edw>d ,f4 ,/range4 ,! ,langham ,s]ies ( ,art ,monographs4 ,london4 ,japanese ,col\r ,pr9ts4 ,by ,edw>d ,f4 ,/range4 7#crd ,edition47 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum ,h&books4 ,london4 ,japanese ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,by ,william ,&]son1 ,f4 ,r4 ,c4 ,s4 ,london1 ,seeley ,co41 ,ltd4 ,new ,york1 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahie4 ,japanese ,wood-cutt+ & ,wood-cut ,pr9t+4 ,by ,t4 ,tokuno4 ,edit$ & annotat$ by ,s4 ,r4 ,ko*l]4 ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,wa%+ton1 = ! ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #ahib4 ,issu$ 9 pamphlet =m by ! ,u4,s4,a4 ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton4 #ahic4 ,o!r works conta9+ descriptions & ref]5ces to ! craft ( wood-block pr9t+ 9 ! ,art ,libr>y at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ,london1 are ! foll[+3-- ,! ,indu/ries ( ,japan4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,re94 7,pap]1 pp4 #chi47 ,london4 #ahhi4 ,bungei ,ruisan1 ,by ,yo%9o ,sakakib>a4 ,essays on ,japanese lit]ature1 ) additional *apt]s describ+ ! manufacture ( pap] & ! processes ( pr9t+ & engrav+4 7,! ,museum copy has ,,ms4 translations ( ! portion relat+ to engrav+47 ,tokyo4 #ahgh4 ,,index ,alum1 #ej ,&reani1 ,&rea1 xi ,baldung1 ,hans1 x ,bamboo-%ea?1 #fb ,b>51 #aa1 #fa1 #fb ,b>51 mann] ( us+1 #gb ,b>51 to re-cov]1 #fc1 #fd ,b>51 to re-cov] 7diagram71 #fd ,bat*es1 size (1 #hi ,batt51 ,j4 ,d41 #b ,block cutt+1 mat]ials1 #ag ,blocks1 cutt+ (1 #ag1 #bc ,blocks1 m\nt+ (1 #ah ,blocks1 plann+ (1 #bc ,books ( ref]5ce1 #abi ,b[ie1 ,h5ry ,p41 #hf ,briti% ,museum ,pr9t ,room1 #dc ,bru%es1 #fe ,bru%es1 draw+ (1 #ff ,c>borundum /one1 #ba ,*]ry wood1 #ag ,*i>oscuro1 x ,*9ese ink1 #ee ,*isel1 grip (1 #cd1 #ce ,*isels1 #bj ,cle>+ ( spaces1 #cc ,cle>+ ( wood betwe5 knife cuts1 #ce ,col\r1 #ef ,col\r block1 diagram ( section1 #db ,col\r blocks1 plan (1 #ci ,col\r blocks1 plann+1 #dj1 #da ,col\r blocks1 pr9t+ f1 #gc ,col\r design1 #hg ,comm]cial developm5t1 #e ,conv5tions ( design1 #hb ,co-op]ative pr9t+1 #hi ,craft 9 ,japan1 #fa ,craftsm51 tra9+ (1 #bd ,crana*1 ,lucas1 x ,crane1 ,walt]1 ix ,creasote1 #ef ,cutt+1 #be ,da ,c>po1 ,ugo1 x ,damp+1 #ad ,damp+ %eets1 #ea ,design1 #bg ,design1 conv5tions 91 #hb ,design+1 #ha ,design+ wood-block pr9ts1 pr9ciples (1 #ha ,design ( key-block1 #bf ,diagram ( knife cuts1 #cc ,dry+ ( col\r1 #gg ,dry+ ( pr9ts1 #gi ,errors ( regi/]1 #dc ,eve & ! ,s]p5t1 pr9t (1 #b ,flat treatm5t1 #bf1 #bg ,foliage1 #he ,gelat9e1 #dh ,giles1 ,william1 #fe ,glue solution ) col\r1 #eh1 #ge ,g\ge1 me?od ( hold+1 #ce ,gradations1 pr9t+ (1 #ge ,grip ( *isel1 #cd1 #ce ,h&s1 position (1 9 cutt+1 #cj1 #ca ,h]kom]1 ix ,hiro%ige1 #hd ,impressions1 possible numb] (1 #ib ,ink1 #ed ,ink+ ( block1 #fi ,ink1 pres]vative =1 #ef ,italian woodcuts1 ix ,jackson1 ,t4 ,b41 xii ,japan1 craft 91 #d1 #bc ,japanese blocks1 #dc ,japanese craftsm51 #fa ,japanese draw+1 #bg ,japanese key-block1 #cc ,japanese ,pa9t+1 ,! ,laws (1 #hf ,japanese pap]1 #ed ,japanese pr9t]s1 #eb1 #hj ,japanese pr9ts1 #hc ,key-block1 #be1 #bg1 #hd1 #he ,key-block impressions1 #e1 #bf1 #cc ,knife1 #ai ,knife1 draw+ (1 #ai ,knife1 use (1 #bd ,knife cuts1 diagram (1 #cc ,laws ( ,japanese ,pa9t+1 #hf ,light & %ade1 #he ,l9e block1 cutt+ (1 #cb ,l9e1 developm5t (1 #cb ,l9e ( key-block1 #bf ,mallet1 #ba ,mallet1 draw+ (1 #ba ,mantegna1 xi ,millbo>ds = dry+1 #gi ,mod]n pr9ts1 #hc ,mordant1 alum z1 #ej ,m\ld1 #gi ,mulb]ry fibre1 #dg ,museums1 sets ( blocks at1 #dc ,numb] ( impressions1 #ib ,(fsett+1 #ga1 #gg ,oil/ones1 #ba ,orlik1 ,pr(4 ,emil1 #g ,outam>o1 #bd ,pad1 #fa ,pap]1 #dg ,pap]1 damp+ (1 #ea ,pap]1 mann] ( hold+1 #gj ,pap]1 m\ld 91 #gi ,pap]1 ne$ ( :ite1 #ed ,pap]1 siz+ (1 #dh ,pap]1 siz+ ( 7draw+71 #di ,pa/e1 #eh ,pa/e1 am\nt us$ 9 pr9t+1 #gd ,pa/e1 prep>ation (1 #ei ,plank1 prep>ation (1 #ah ,plann+ ( blocks1 #bd ,position ( h&s1 #cj1 #ca ,po/]s1 #hf1 #hg ,pr9t+1 #fg ,pr9t+1 co-op]ative1 #hi ,pr9t+1 detail$ me?od (1 #fa ,pr9t+ f col\r blocks1 #gc ,pr9t+1 g5]al description (1 #i ,pr9t+ ( gradations1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg ,pr9t+ pad1 #fb ,pr9ts1 design+1 #ha ,pr9ts1 dry+ (1 #gi ,regi/]1 #ga1 #gh ,regi/]1 errors (1 #da1 #dc ,regi/] m>ks1 #cf1 #cg1 #db ,regi/] m>ks1 position (1 #cg ,regi/] m>ks1 section (1 #ch ,rice fl\r1 #ei ,rice pa/e1 #eh ,rubb]1 glass1 #fe ,rubb]1 pr9t+1 #fa ,%ad[s1 treatm5t (1 #he ,%all[ cuts1 #cd ,%r9k+ ( pap]1 #da ,sib]ian be> hair bru%es1 #ff ,size1 am\nt (1 9 pap]1 #ge ,size1 excess (1 #ge ,siz+ ( pap]1 #dh1 #di ,smi?sonian ,in/itution pamphlet1 #b ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 #dc ,spots 9 pap]1 #gi ,table1 plan (1 #aa ,tokuno1 ,t41 #b ,tools = block-cutt+1 #ai ,tra9+ ( design]s1 #hf ,treatm5t ( =m1 #ic ,tree-=ms1 #he1 #ic ,v>iety ( l9e1 #hb1 #hc ,wa%ita oil/one1 #bb ,wood1 #ag ,woodcuts1 ,italian1 ix4 ,"w-table1 plan (1 #aa 99 99 99 99 99 ,,arti/s ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,! 33 33 ,,p]man5ce ,,( 33 33 ,,_! ,,wood ,,block ,,pr9ts ,,n[ ,,use ,,! ,,cambridge ,,col\rs ,,only1 ,,because 7#a7 ,only ,pigm5ts ( ! ,,highe/ ,,ord] ,,( ,,p]man5ce are includ$ 9 ! ,cambridge ,palette 7#b7 ,all ! ,pigm5ts may be ,,safely ,,mix$ ,,toge!r )\t dang] ( _! act+ injuri\sly on ea* o!r 7#c7 ,all ! ,pigm5ts are ,,pure & free f injuri\s impurities ,,sole ,,mak]s ,,madd]ton ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,l\ghton1 ,essex 7,,e/abli%$ #ahia7 ,,engl& ,,telegrams ,,telephone ,,madd]ton1 ,,l\ghton1 ,,essex #fc ,,l\ghton 99 99 99 99 99 ,all ,tools & ,mat]ials = ,,japanese ,,woodblock ,,cutt+ ,,& ,,pr9t+ z describ$ 9 ?is book are /ock$ by ,,p5rose',s includ+ sev]al new =ms ( ,tools & ,bru%es approv$ by ,f4 ,morley ,flet*]1 ,esq4 ,,li/ ,,free ,,on ,,application ,a4 ,w4 ,,p5rose ,,co41 ,,ltd4 #aji ,f>r+don ,road1 ,london1 ,e4,c4#a4 ,pr9t$ by ,sir ,isaac ,pitman ,sons1 ,ltd41 ,ba?1 ,engl&