,a ,,fair ,,penitent ,by ,wilkie ,collins ,about ,a ,fair ,penitent ,this story first appeared in ,charles ,dickens' magazine1 ,household ,words1 volume #af1 number #chb1 ,july #ah1 #aheg4 ,published anonymously1 as all contributions to the magazine were1 it was attributed definitely to ,wilkie ,collins by ,anne ,lohrli in her analysis of the magazine's financial accounts4 ,a ,,fair ,,penitent ,charles ,pineau ,duclos was a ,french writer of biographies and novels1 who lived and worked during the first half of the eighteenth century4 ,he prospered sufficiently well1 as a literary man1 to be made secretary to the ,french ,academy1 and to be allowed to succeed ,voltaire in the office of historiographer of ,france4 ,he has left behind him1 in his own country1 the reputation of a lively writer of the second class1 who addressed the public of his day with fair success1 and who1 since his death1 has not troubled posterity to take any particular notice of him4 ,among the papers left by ,duclos1 two manuscripts were found1 which he probably intended to turn to some literary account4 ,the first was a brief ,memoir1 written by himself1 of a ,frenchwoman1 named ,mademoiselle ,gautier1 who began life as an actress and who ended it as a ,carmelite nun4 ,the second manuscript was the lady's own account of the process of her conversion1 and of the circumstances which attended her moral passage from the state of a sinner to the state of a saint4 ,there are certain national peculiarities in the character of ,mademoiselle ,gautier and in the narrative of her conversion1 which are perhaps interesting enough to be reproduced with some chance of pleasing the present day4 ,it appears1 from the account given of her by ,duclos1 that ,mademoiselle ,gautier made her appearance on the stage of the ,thtre ,franois in the year seventeen hundred and sixteen4 ,she is described as a handsome woman1 with a fine figure1 a fresh complexion1 a lively disposition1 and a violent temper4 ,besides possessing capacity as an actress1 she could write very good verses1 she was clever at painting in miniature1 and1 most remarkable quality of all1 she was possessed of prodigious muscular strength4 ,it is recorded of ,mademoiselle1 that she could roll up a silver plate with her hands1 and that she covered herself with distinction in a trial of strength with no less a person than the famous soldier1 ,marshal ,saxe4 ,nobody who is at all acquainted with the social history of the eighteenth century in ,france1 need be told that ,mademoiselle ,gautier had a long list of lovers1--for the most part1 persons of quality1 marshals1 counts1 and so forth4 ,the only man1 however1 who really attached her to him1 was an actor at the ,thtre ,franois1 a famous player in his day1 named ,quinault ,dufresne4 ,mademoiselle ,gautier seems to have loved him with all the ardour of her naturally passionate disposition4 ,at first1 he returned her affection2 but1 as soon as she ventured to test the sincerity of his attachment by speaking of marriage1 he cooled towards her immediately1 and the connection between them was broken off4 ,in all her former love-affairs1 she had been noted for the high tone which she adopted towards her admirers1 and for the despotic authority which she exercised over them even in her gayest moments4 ,but the severance of her connection with ,quinault ,dufresne wounded her to her heart4 ,she had loved the man so dearly1 had made so many sacrifices for him1 had counted so fondly on the devotion of her whole future life to him1 that the first discovery of his coldness towards her broke her spirit at once and for ever4 ,she fell into a condition of hopeless melancholy1 looked back with remorse and horror at her past life1 and abandoned the stage and the society in which she had lived1 to end her days repentantly in the character of a ,carmelite nun4 ,so far1 her history is the history of hundreds of other women before her time and after it4 ,the prominent interest of her life1 for the student of human nature1 lies in the story of her conversion1 as told by herself4 ,the greater part of the narrative--every page of which is more or less characteristic of the ,frenchwoman of the eighteenth century--may be given1 with certain suppressions and abridgments1 in her own words4 ,the reader will observe1 at the outset1 one curious fact4 ,mademoiselle ,gautier does not so much as hint at the influence which the loss of her lover had in disposing her mind to reflect on serious subjects4 ,she describes her conversion as if it had taken its rise in a sudden inspiration from ,heaven4 ,even the name of ,quinault ,dufresne is not once mentioned from one end of her narrative to the other4 ,on the twenty-fifth of ,april1 seventeen hundred and twenty-two 7writes ,mademoiselle ,gautier71 while ,i was still leading a life of pleasure--according to the pernicious ideas of pleasure which pass current in the world--,i happen to awake1 contrary to my usual custom1 between eight and nine o'clock in the morning4 ,i remember that it is my birthday2 ,i ring for my people2 and my maid answers the bell1 alarmed by the idea that ,i am ill4 ,i tell her to dress me that ,i may go to mass4 ,i go to the ,church of the ,cordeliers1 followed by my footman1 and taking with me a little orphan whom ,i had adopted4 ,the first part of the mass is celebrated without attracting my attention2 but1 at the second part the accusing voice of my conscience suddenly begins to speak4 ,what brings you here8 it says4 ,do you come to reward ,god for making you the attractive person that you are1 by mortally transgressing ,his laws every day of your life8 ,i hear that question1 and ,i am unspeakably overwhelmed by it4 ,i quit the chair on which ,i have hitherto been leaning carelessly1 and ,i prostrate myself in an agony of remorse on the pavement of the church4 ,the mass over1 ,i send home the footman and the orphan1 remaining behind myself1 plunged in inconceivable perplexity4 ,at last ,i rouse myself on a sudden2 ,i go to the sacristy2 ,i demand a mass for my own proper advantage every day2 ,i determine to attend it regularly2 and1 after three hours of agitation1 ,i return home1 resolved to enter on the path that leads to justification4 ,six months passed4 ,every morning ,i went to my mass3 every evening ,i spent in my customary dissipations4 ,some of my friends indulged in considerable merriment at my expense when they found out my constant attendance at mass4 ,accordingly1 ,i disguised myself as a boy1 when ,i went to church1 to escape observation4 ,my disguise was found out1 and the jokes against me were redoubled4 ,upon this1 ,i began to think of the words of the ,gospel1 which declare the impossibility of serving two masters4 ,i determined to abandon the service of ,mammon4 ,the first vanity ,i gave up was the vanity of keeping a maid4 ,by way of further accustoming myself to the retreat from the world which ,i now began to meditate1 ,i declined all invitations to parties under the pretext of indisposition4 ,but the nearer the ,easter time approached at which ,i had settled in my own mind definitely to turn my back on worldly temptations and pleasures1 the more violent became my internal struggles with myself4 ,my health suffered under them to such an extent that ,i was troubled with perpetual attacks of retching and sickness1 which1 however1 did not prevent me from writing my general confession1 addressed to the vicar of ,saint ,sulpice1 the parish in which ,i lived4 ,just ,heaven6 what did ,i not suffer some days afterwards1 when ,i united around me at dinner1 for the last time1 all the friends who had been dearest to me in the days of my worldly life6 ,what words can describe the tumult of my heart when one of my guests said to me1 ,you are giving us too good a dinner for a ,wednesday in ,passion ,week2 and when another answered1 jestingly1 ,you forget that this is her farewell dinner to her friends6 ,i felt ready to faint while they were talking1 and rose from table pretexting as an excuse1 that ,i had a payment to make that evening1 which ,i could not in honour defer any longer4 ,the company rose with me1 and saw me to the door4 ,i got into my carriage1 and the company returned to table4 ,my nerves were in such a state that ,i shrieked at the first crack of the coachman's whip2 and the company came running down again to know what was the matter4 ,one of my servants cleverly stopped them from all hurrying out to the carriage together1 by declaring that the scream proceeded from my adopted orphan4 ,upon this they returned quietly enough to their wine1 and ,i drove off with my general confession to the vicar of ,saint ,sulpice4 ,my interview with the vicar lasted three hours4 ,his joy at discovering that ,i was in a state of grace was extreme4 ,my own emotions were quite indescribable4 ,late at night ,i returned to my own house1 and found my guests all gone4 ,i employed myself in writing farewell letters to the manager and company of the theatre1 and in making the necessary arrangements for sending back my adopted orphan to his friends1 with twenty pistoles4 ,finally1 ,i directed the servants to say1 if anybody enquired after me the next day1 that ,i had gone out of town for some time2 and after that1 at five o'clock in the morning1 ,i left my home in ,paris never to return to it again4 ,by this time ,i had thoroughly recovered my tranquillity4 ,i was as easy in my mind at leaving my house as ,i am now when ,i quit my cell to sing in the choir4 ,such already was the happy result of my perpetual masses1 my general confession1 and my three hours' interview with the vicar of ,saint ,sulpice4 ,before taking leave of the world1 ,i went to ,versailles to say good-bye to my worthy patrons1 ,cardinal ,fleury and the ,duke de ,gesvres4 ,from them1 ,i went to mass in the ,king's ,chapel2 and after that1 ,i called on a lady of ,versailles whom ,i had mortally offended1 for the purpose of making my peace with her4 ,she received me angrily enough4 ,i told her ,i had not come to justify myself1 but to ask her pardon4 ,if she granted it1 she would send me away happy4 ,if she declined to be reconciled1 ,providence would probably be satisfied with my submission1 but certainly not with her refusal4 ,she felt the force of this argument2 and we made it up on the spot4 ,i left ,versailles immediately afterwards1 without taking anything to eat2 the act of humility which ,i had just performed being as good as a meal to me4 ,towards evening1 ,i entered the house of the ,community of ,saint ,perpetua at ,paris4 ,i had ordered a little room to be furnished there for me1 until the inventory of my worldly effects was completed1 and until ,i could conclude my arrangements for entering a convent4 ,on first installing myself1 ,i began to feel hungry at last1 and begged the ,superior of the ,community to give me for supper anything that remained from the dinner of the house4 ,they had nothing but a little stewed carp1 of which ,i eat with an excellent appetite4 ,marvellous to relate1 although ,i had been able to keep nothing on my stomach for the past three months1 although ,i had been dreadfully sick after a little rice soup on the evening before1 the stewed carp of the sisterhood of ,saint ,perpetua1 with some nuts afterwards for dessert1 agreed with me charmingly1 and ,i slept all through the night afterwards as peacefully as a child6 ,when the news of my retirement became public1 it occasioned great talk in ,paris4 ,various people assigned various reasons for the strange course that ,i had taken4 ,nobody1 however1 believed that ,i had quitted the world in the prime of my life 7,i was then thirty-one years old71 never to return to it again4 ,meanwhile1 my inventory was finished and my goods were sold4 ,one of my friends sent a letter1 entreating me to reconsider my determination4 ,my mind was made up1 and ,i wrote to say so4 ,when my goods had been all sold1 ,i left ,paris to go and live incognito as a parlour-boarder in the ,convent of the ,ursuline nuns of ,pondevaux4 ,here ,i wished to try the mode of life for a little while before ,i assumed the serious responsibility of taking the veil4 ,i knew my own character--,i remembered my early horror of total seclusion1 and my inveterate dislike to the company of women only2 and1 moved by these considerations1 ,i resolved1 now that ,i had taken the first important step1 to proceed in the future with caution4 ,the nuns of ,pondevaux received me among them with great kindness4 ,they gave me a large room1 which ,i partitioned off into three small ones4 ,i assisted at all the pious exercises of the place4 ,deceived by my fashionable appearance and my plump figure1 the good nuns treated me as if ,i was a person of high distinction4 ,this afflicted me1 and ,i undeceived them4 ,when they knew who ,i really was1 they only behaved towards me with still greater kindness4 ,i passed my time in reading and praying1 and led the quietest1 sweetest life it is possible to conceive4 ,after ten months' sojourn at ,pondevaux1 ,i went to ,lyons1 and entered 7still as parlour-boarder only7 the ,house of ,anticaille1 occupied by the nuns of the ,order of ,saint ,mary4 ,here1 ,i enjoyed the advantage of having for director of my conscience that holy man1 ,father ,deveaux4 ,he belonged to the ,order of the ,jesuits2 and he was good enough1 when ,i first asked him for advice1 to suggest that ,i should get up at eleven o'clock at night to say my prayers1 and should remain absorbed in devotion until midnight4 ,in obedience to the directions of this saintly person1 ,i kept myself awake as well as ,i could till eleven o'clock4 ,i then got on my knees with great fervour1 and ,i blush to confess it1 immediately fell as fast asleep as a dormouse4 ,this went on for several nights1 when ,father ,deveaux finding that my midnight devotions were rather too much for me1 was so obliging as to prescribe another species of pious exercise1 in a letter which he wrote to me with his own hand4 ,the holy father1 after deeply regretting my inability to keep awake1 informed me that he had a new act of penitence to suggest to me by the performance of which ,i might still hope to expiate my sins4 ,he then1 in the plainest terms1 advised me to have recourse to the discipline of flagellation1 every ,friday1 using the cat-o'-nine-tails on my bare shoulders for the length of time that it would take to repeat a ,miserere4 ,in conclusion1 he informed me that the nuns of ,anticaille would probably lend me the necessary instrument of flagellation2 but1 if they made any difficulty about it1 he was benevolently ready to furnish me with a new and special cat-o'-nine-tails of his own making4 ,never was woman more amazed or more angry than ,i1 when ,i first read this letter4 ,what6 cried ,i to myself1 does this man seriously recommend me to lash my own shoulders8 ,just ,heaven1 what impertinence6 ,and yet1 is it not my duty to put up with it8 ,does not this apparent insolence proceed from the pen of a holy man8 ,if he tells me to flog my wickedness out of me1 is it not my bounden duty to lay on the scourge with all my might immediately8 ,sinner that ,i am6 ,i am thinking remorsefully of my plump shoulders and the dimples on my back1 when ,i ought to be thinking of nothing but the cat-o'-nine-tails and obedience to ,father ,deveaux8 ,these reflections soon gave me the resolution which ,i had wanted at first4 ,i was ashamed to ask the nuns for an instrument of flagellation2 so ,i made one for myself of stout cord1 pitilessly knotted at very short intervals4 ,this done1 ,i shut myself up while the nuns were at prayer1 uncovered my shoulders1 and rained such a shower of lashes on them1 in the first fervour of my newly-awakened zeal1 that ,i fairly flogged myself down on the ground1 flat on my nose1 before ,i had repeated more of the ,miserere than the first two or three lines4 ,i burst out crying1 shedding tears of spite against myself when ,i ought to have been shedding tears of devotional gratitude for the kindness of ,father ,deveaux4 ,all through the night ,i never closed my eyes1 and in the morning ,i found my poor shoulders 7once so generally admired for their whiteness7 striped with all the colours of the rainbow4 ,the sight threw me into a passion1 and ,i profanely said to myself while ,i was dressing1 ,the next time ,i see ,father ,deveaux1 ,i will give my tongue full swing1 and make the hair of that holy man stand on end with terror6 ,a few hours afterwards1 he came to the convent1 and all my resolution melted away at the sight of him4 ,his imposing exterior had such an effect on me that ,i could only humbly entreat him to excuse me from indicting a second flagellation on myself4 ,he smiled1 benignantly1 and granted my request with a saintly amiability4 ,give me the cat-o'-nine-tails1 he said1 in conclusion1 and ,i will keep it for you till you ask me for it again4 ,you are sure to ask for it again1 dear child--to ask for it on your bended knees6 ,pious and prophetic man6 ,before many days had passed his words came true4 ,if he had persisted severely in ordering me to flog myself1 ,i might have opposed him for months together2 but1 as it was1 who could resist the amiable indulgence he showed towards my weakness8 ,the very next day after my interview1 ,i began to feel ashamed of my own cowardice2 and the day after that ,i went down on my knees1 exactly as he had predicted1 and said1 ,father ,deveaux1 give me back my cat-o'-nine-tails4 ,from that time ,i cheerfully underwent the discipline of flagellation1 learning the regular method of practising it from the sisterhood1 and feeling1 in a spiritual point of view1 immensely the better for it4 ,the nuns1 finding that ,i cheerfully devoted myself to every act of self-sacrifice prescribed by the rules of their convent1 wondered very much that ,i still hesitated about taking the veil4 ,i begged them not to mention the subject to me till my mind was quite made up about it4 ,they respected my wish1 and said no more2 but they lent me books to read which assisted in strengthening my wavering resolution4 ,among these books was the ,life of ,madame de ,montmorenci1 who1 after the shocking death of her husband1 entered the ,order of ,st4 ,mary4 ,the great example of this lady made me reflect seriously1 and ,i communicated my thoughts1 as a matter of course1 to ,father ,deveaux4 ,he assured me that the one last greatest sacrifice which remained for me to make was the sacrifice of my liberty4 ,i had long known that this was my duty1 and ,i now felt1 for the first time1 that ,i had courage and resolution enough boldly to face the idea of taking the veil4 ,while ,i was in this happy frame of mind1 ,i happened to meet with the history of the famous ,ranc1 founder1 or rather reformer1 of the ,order of ,la ,trappe4 ,i found a strange similarity between my own worldly errors and those of this illustrious penitent4 ,the discovery had such an effect on me1 that ,i spurned all idea of entering a convent where the rules were comparatively easy1 as was the case at ,anticaille1 and determined1 when ,i did take the veil1 to enter an ,order whose discipline was as severe as the discipline of ,la ,trappe itself4 ,father ,deveaux informed me that ,i should find exactly what ,i wanted among the ,carmelite nuns2 and1 by his advice1 ,i immediately put myself in communication with the ,archbishop of ,villeroi4 ,i opened my heart to this worthy prelate1 convinced him of my sincerity1 and gained from him a promise that he would get me admitted among the ,carmelite nuns of ,lyons4 ,one thing ,i begged of him at parting1 which was1 that he would tell the whole truth about my former life and about the profession that ,i had exercised in the world4 ,i was resolved to deceive nobody1 and to enter no convent under false pretences of any sort4 ,my wishes were scrupulously fulfilled2 and the nuns were dreadfully frightened when they heard that ,i had been an actress at ,paris4 ,but the ,archbishop promising to answer for me1 and to take all their scruples on his own conscience1 they consented to receive me4 ,i could not trust myself to take formal leave of the nuns of ,anticaille1 who had been so kind to me1 and towards whom ,i felt so gratefully4 ,so ,i wrote my farewell to them after privately leaving their house1 telling them frankly the motives which animated me1 and asking their pardon for separating myself from them in secret4 ,on the fourteenth of ,october1 seventeen hundred and twenty-four1 ,i entered the ,carmelite convent at ,lyons1 eighteen months after my flight from the world1 and my abandonment of my profession--to adopt which1 ,i may say1 in my own defence1 that ,i was first led through sheer poverty4 ,at the age of seventeen years1 and possessing 7if ,i may credit report7 remarkable personal charms1 ,i was left perfectly destitute through the spendthrift habits of my father4 ,i was easily persuaded to go on the stage1 and soon tempted1 with my youth and inexperience1 to lead an irregular life4 ,i do not wish to assert that dissipation necessarily follows the choice of the actress's profession1 for ,i have known many estimable women on the stage4 ,i1 unhappily1 was not one of the number4 ,i confess it to my shame1 and1 as the chief of sinners1 ,i am only the more grateful to the mercy of ,heaven which accomplished my conversion4 ,when ,i entered the convent1 ,i entreated the prioress to let me live in perfect obscurity1 without corresponding with my friends1 or even with my relations4 ,she declined to grant this last request1 thinking that my zeal was leading me too far4 ,on the other hand1 she complied with my wish to be employed at once1 without the slightest preparatory indulgence or consideration1 on any menial labour which the discipline of the convent might require from me4 ,on the first day of my admission a broom was put into my hands4 ,i was appointed also to wash up the dishes1 to scour the saucepans1 to draw water from a deep well1 to carry each sister's pitcher to its proper place1 and to scrub the tables in the refectory4 ,from these occupations ,i got on in time to making rope shoes for the sisterhood1 and to taking care of the great clock of the convent2 this last employment requiring me to pull up three immensely heavy weights regularly every day4 ,seven years of my life passed in this hard work1 and ,i can honestly say that ,i never murmured over it4 ,to return1 however1 to the period of my admission into the convent4 ,after three months of probation1 ,i took the veil on the twentieth of ,january1 seventeen hundred and twenty-five4 ,the ,archbishop did me the honour to preside at the ceremony2 and1 in spite of the rigour of the season1 all ,lyons poured into the church to see me take the vows4 ,i was deeply affected2 but ,i never faltered in my resolution4 ,i pronounced the oaths with a firm voice1 and with a tranquillity which astonished all the spectators1--a tranquillity which has never once failed me since that time4 ,such is the story of my conversion4 ,providence sent me into the world with an excellent nature1 with a true heart1 with a remarkable susceptibility to the influence of estimable sentiments4 ,my parents neglected my education1 and left me in the world1 destitute of everything but youth1 beauty1 and a lively temperament4 ,i tried hard to be virtuous2 ,i vowed1 before ,i was out of my teens1 and when ,i happened to be struck down by a serious illness1 to leave the stage1 and to keep my reputation unblemished1 if anybody would only give me two hundred livres a year to live upon4 ,nobody came forward to help me1 and ,i fell4 ,heaven pardon the rich people of ,paris who might have preserved my virtue at so small a cost6 ,heaven grant me courage to follow the better path into which its mercy has led me1 and to persevere in a life of penitence and devotion to the end of my days6 ,so this singular confession ends4 ,besides the little vanities and levities which appear here and there on its surface1 there is surely a strong under-current of sincerity and frankness which fit it to appeal in some degree to the sympathy as well as the curiosity of the reader4 ,it is impossible to read the narrative without feeling that there must have been something really genuine and hearty in ,mademoiselle ,gautier's nature2 and it is a gratifying proof of the honest integrity of her purpose to know that she persevered to the last in the life of humility and seclusion which her conscience had convinced her was the best life that she could lead4 ,persons who knew her in the ,carmelite convent1 report that she lived and died in it1 preserving to the last1 all the better part of the youthful liveliness of her character4 ,she always received visitors with pleasure1 always talked to them with surprising cheerfulness1 always assisted the poor1 and always willingly wrote letters to her former patrons in ,paris to help the interests of her needy friends4 ,towards the end of her life1 she was afflicted with blindness2 but she was a trouble to no one in consequence of this affliction1 for she continued1 in spite of it1 to clean her own cell1 to make her own bed1 and to cook her own food just as usual4 ,one little characteristic vanity--harmless enough1 surely8--remained with her to the last4 ,she never forgot her own handsome face1 which all ,paris had admired in the by-gone time2 and she contrived to get a dispensation from the ,pope which allowed her to receive visitors in the convent parlour without a veil4