,,lectures ,,on ,,l&scape  ,,deliv]$    
,,at ,,ox=d  ,,9 ,,l5t ,,t]m1 #ahga4    
,libr>y ,edition   ,,! ,,complete       
,,works  ,,(  ,,john ,,rusk9   ,,cr[n   
,,( ,,wild ,,olive ,,"t ,,& ,,tide      
,,que5 ,,( ,,! ,,air ,,lectures ,,on    
,,art ,,& ,,l&scape ,,aratra ,,p5telici 
,,national ,,libr>y ,,association ,,new 
,,york             ,,*icago             
,illu/ration3 ,,brantwood  ,,f ,a       
,,photograph     ,,prefatory ,,note4    
,^! ,lectures on ,l&scape 7 giv5 at     
,ox=d on ,janu>y #bj1 ,febru>y #i1 &    
,febru>y #bc1 #ahga4 ,!y 7 n public     
,lectures1 l ,pr(essor ,rusk9's o!r     
c\rses1 b address$ only to und]graduates
 :o _h jo9$ 8 class4 ,!y 7 illu/rat$ by 
pictures f 8 collection1 ( :i* sev]al   
are "h reproduc$1 & by o!rs :i* may be  
se5 9 ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,gall]ies or 9 
! ,rusk9 ,draw+ ,s*ool4  ,w4,g4,c4      
,,cont5ts4                              
,,page  ,,lecture ,i4  ,,outl9e         
#a   ,,lecture ,,ii4  ,,light ,,& ,,%ade
                                        

#af   ,,lecture ,,iii4  ,,color         
#cb     ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates              
,page  ,vesuvius 9 ,eruption1 by        
,j4,m4,w4 ,turn]                     #b 
,ne> ,blair ,a?ol1 by ,j4,m4,w4 ,turn]  
#ai  ,dumblane ,abbey1 by ,j4,m4,w4     
,turn]                          #bj     
,madonna & ,*ild1 by ,filippo ,lippi    
#cc  ,! ,lady ) ! ,broo*1 by ,sir ,jo%ua
 ,reynolds          #ce  sacus &        
,hesp]ie1 by ,j4,m4,w4 ,turn]           
#de  ,mill ne> ,gr&e ,*>treuse1 by      
,j4,m4,w4 ,turn]             #dg        
,l',aiguillette2 ,valley ( ,cluses1 by  
,j4,m4,w4 ,turn]         #dh            
,,lectures ,,on ,,l&scape4     ,i4      
,,outl9e4   #a4 ,9 my inaugural         
lecture1#a ,i /at$ t :ile hold+ ?is     
pr(essor%ip ,i %\ld direct y1 9 y\r     
practical ex]cises1 *iefly to natural   
hi/ory & l&scape4 ,& hav+ 9 ! c\rse ( ! 
pa/ ye> laid ! f\ndational elem5ts ( art
 suffici5tly be=e y1 ,i w invite y1 n[1 
to ent] on real "w ) me2 & accord+ly ,i 
propose dur+ ?is & ! foll[+ t]m to give 

y :at practical lead+ ,i c 9 elem5t>y   
/udy ( l&scape1 & ( a bran* ( natural   
hi/ory :i* w =m a k9d ( c5t] = all !    
re/--,i*?yology4  ,footnote #a3         
,lectures on ,art1 #ahgj1  #bc4  ,9 !   
outset ,i mu/ %ortly /ate to y !        
position :i* l&scape pa9t+ & animal     
pa9t+ hold t[>ds ! high] bran*es ( art4 
#b4 ,l&scape pa9t+ is ! ?\ghtful &      
passionate repres5tation ( ! physical   
conditions appo9t$ = human exi/5ce4 ,x  
imitates ! aspects1 & records ! ph5om5a1
 ( ! visible ?+s :i* are dang]\s or     
b5eficial to m52 & displays ! human     
me?ods ( deal+ ) ^!1 & ( enjoy+ !m or   
suff]+ f !m1 :i* are ei!r exempl>y or   
des]v+ ( sympa!tic contemplation4       
,animal pa9t+ inve/igates ! laws (      
great] & less nobility ( "* 9 organic   
=m1 z comp>ative anatomy exam9es ^? (   
great] & less developm5t 9 organic      
/ructure2 & ! function ( animal pa9t+ is
 to br+ into notice ! m9or & un?\ght (  
conditions ( p[] or beauty1 z t (       
physiology is to asc]ta9 ! m9or         

conditions ( adaptation4  #c4 ,que/ions 
z to ! purpose ( arrangem5ts or ! use ( 
! organs ( an animal are1 h[ev]1 no less
 )9 ! prov9ce ( ! pa9t] ?an ( !         
physiologi/1 & are inde$ m likely to    
comm5d !mselves to y ?r\gh draw+ ?an    
dissection4 ,= z y dissect an animal y  
g5]ally assume its =m to be necess>y &  
only exam9e h[ x is con/ruct$2 b 9 draw+
 ! out] =m itself att5tively y are l$   
necess>ily to consid] ! mode ( life =   
:i* x is dispos$1 & !re=e to be /ruck by
 any awkw>dness or app>5t uselessness 9 
its p>ts4 ,aft] sket*+ "o day sev]al    
heads ( birds x became a vital matt] (  
int]e/ to me to "k ! use ( ! bony       
process on ! head ( ! hornbill2 b on    
ask+ a great physiologi/1 ,i f\nd t x   
appe>$ to him an absurd "q1 & 0 c]ta9ly 
an unansw]able "o4  #d4 ,i h limit$1 y h
 j he>d1 l&scape pa9t+ to !             
repres5tation ( ph5om5a relat+ to human 
life4 ,y w sc>cely be dispos$ to admit !
 propriety ( su* a limitation2 & y w    
/ill less be likely to conceive its     

necess>y /rictness & sev]ity1 unless ,i 
conv9ce y ( x by some:at detail$        
examples4  ,"h are two l&scapes by      
,turn] 9 8 greate/ "t--,vesuvius 9      
repose1 ,vesuvius 9 eruption4  ,"o is a 
beautiful h>mony ( cool color2 & ! o!r (
 hot1 & !y are bo? exquisitely design$ 9
 ornam5tal l9es4 ,b !y are n pa9t$ = ^? 
qualities4 ,!y are pa9t$ because ! /ate 
( ! sc5e 9 "o case is full ( delight to 
m52 & 9 ! o!r ( pa9 & dang]4 ,& x is n  
,turn]'s object at all to exhibit or    
illu/rate natural ph5om5a1 h[ev] int]e/+
 9 !mselves4  ,illu/ration3 ,,vesuvius  
,,9 ,,eruption4  ,f ! pa9t+ by ,turn]4  
,he does n want to pa9t blue mi/ 9 ord] 
to tea* y ! nature ( evaporation2 nor   
?is lava /ream1 to expla9 to y !        
op]ation ( gravity on pond]\s & visc\s  
mat]ials4 ,he pa9ts ! blue mi/1 because 
x br+s life & joy to m51 & ! lava /ream 
because x is dea? to !m4  #e4 ,aga9 "h  
are two sea-pieces by ,turn] ( ! same   
p]iod--photographs f !m at lea/4 ,"o is 
a calm on ! %ore at ,sc>bor\gh2 ! o!r ! 

wreck ( an ,indiaman4  ,^! also are ea* 
pa9t$ ) exquisitely arti/ic purpose3 !  
fir/ 9 opposition ( local black to      
diffus$ sun%9e2 ! second 9 ! decorative 
gr\p+ ( :ite spots on a d>k gr\nd4 ,t   
decorative purpose ( dappl+1 or ,greek3 
poikilia1 is z /udi\sly & delici\sly    
c>ri$ out by ,turn] ) ! ,ddalus side (  
him1 9 ! inlay+ ( ^! :ite spots on !    
,indiaman's deck1 z if he 7 work+ a     
preci\s toy 9 ebony & ivory4 ,b ,turn]  
did n pa9t ei!r ( ! sea-pieces = ! sake 
( ^! decor\s arrangem5ts2 nei!r did he  
pa9t ! ,sc>bor\gh z a pr(essor (        
physical sci5ce1 to %[ y ! level ( l[   
tide on ! ,york%ire coa/2 nor !         
,indiaman to %[ y ! =ce ( impact 9 a    
liquid mass ( sea-wat] ( giv5 mom5tum4  
,he pa9t$ ?is to %[ y ! daily c\rse (   
quiet human "w & happ9ess1 & t1 to      
enable y to conceive some?+ ( utt]mo/   
human mis]y--bo? ord]$ by ! p[] ( !     
great deep4  #f4 ,y may easily--y mu/1  
p]haps1 = a little "t--suspect me (     
exagg]ation 9 ?is /atem5t4 ,x is s      

natural to suppose t ! ma9 int]e/ (     
l&scape is ess5tially 9 rocks & wat] &  
sky2 & t figures are to be put1 l ! salt
 & mu/>d to a di%1 only to give x a     
flavor4  ,put all t out ( y\r heads at  
once4 ,! int]e/ ( a l&scape consi/s     
:olly 9 its relation ei!r to figures    
pres5t--or to figures pa/--or to human  
p[]s conceiv$4 ,! mo/ spl5did draw+ ( ! 
*a9 ( ! ,alps1 irrespective ( _!        
relation to humanity1 is no m a true    
l&scape ?an a pa9t+ ( ?is bit ( /one4   
,=1 z natural philosoph]s1 !re is no    
bigness or littl5ess to y4 ,?is /one is 
j z int]e/+ to y1 or ought to be--z if x
 0 a million times z big4 ,!re is no m  
sublimity--p] se--9 gr\nd slop$ at an   
angle ( =ty-five1 ?an 9 gr\nd level2 nor
 9 a p]p5dicul> fracture ( a rock1 ?an 9
 a horizontal "o4 ,! only ?+ t makes !  
"o m int]e/+ to y 9 a l&scape ?an ! o!r1
 is t y c\ld tumble ov] ! p]p5dicul>    
fracture--& c\ldn't tumble ov] ! o!r4 ,a
 cl\d1 look$ at z a cl\d only1 is no m a
 subject = pa9t+ ?an s mu* fecul5ce 9   

dirty wat]4 ,x is m]ely dirty air1 or at
 be/ a *emical solution ill made4 ,t x  
is wor?y ( be+ pa9t$ at all dep5ds ^u   
its be+ ! means ( n\ri%m5t & *a/isem5t  
to m51 or ! dwell+ place ( imag9>y gods4
 ,!re's a bit ( blue sky & cl\d by      
,turn]--"o ( ! lovelie/ ev] pa9t$ by    
human h&4 ,b1 z a m]e patt]n ( blue &   
:ite1 he _h bett] h pa9t$ a jay's w+3   
?is 0 only pa9t$ by him--& is1 9        
reality1 only pleasant to y--because x  
signifies ! com+ ( a gleam ( sweet      
sun%9e 9 w9dy wea!r2 & ! w9d is wor?    
?9k+ ( only because x fills ! sails (   
%ips1 & ! sun because x w>ms ! sailors4 
#g4 ,n[1 x is mo/ important t y %\ld    
conv9ce y\rselves ( & fully ent] into   
?is tru?1 because all ! difficulty 9    
*oos+ subject arises f mi/akes ab\t x4  
,i d>esay "s ( y :o are fond ( sket*+ h 
gone out (t5 9 ! mo/ beautiful c\ntry1 &
 yet ) ! feel+ t !re 0 no good subject  
to be f\nd 9 x4 ,t always arises f y\r n
 hav+ sympa?y en\gh ) its vital "*1 &   
look+ = physical picturesqu5ess in/ead4 

,on ! contr>y1 !re are crude ef=ts at   
l&scape-pa9t+1 made cont9ually ^u ! mo/ 
spl5did physical ph5om5a1 9 ,am]ica1 &  
o!r c\ntries )\t any hi/ory4 ,x is n ( !
 slighte/ use4 ,niag>a1 or ! ,nor? ,pole
 & ! ,aurora ,borealis1 won't make a    
l&scape2 b a dit* at ,iffley w1 if y h  
humanity 9 y--en\gh 9 y to int]pret !   
feel+s ( h$g]s & dit*]s1 & frogs4  #h4  
,next1 "h is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful       
l&scapes ev] pa9t$1 ! be/ ,i h next to !
 ,greta & ,tees4  ,! subject physically 
is a m]e bank ( grass above a /ream ) "s
 wy*-elms & will[s4 ,a level-topp$ bank2
 ! wat] has cut its way d[n ?r\gh ! s(t 
alluvion ( an elevat$ pla9 to ! lime/one
 rock at ! bottom4  ,_h ?is sc5e be5 9  
,am]ica1 no mortal c\ld h made a l&scape
 ( x4 ,x is no?+ b a grass bank ) "s n v
 pretty trees scatt]$ ov] x1 :olly )\t  
gr\p+4 ,! /ream at ! bottom is rocky    
inde$1 b its rocks are mean1 flat1 & ( a
 dull yell[ color4 ,! sky is gray &     
%apeless4 ,!re's absolutely no?+ to pa9t
 any:]e ( ess5tial l&scape subject1 z   

commonly und]/ood4  ,n[ see :at !       
l&scape consi/s 91 :i* ,i h told y is "o
 ( ! mo/ beautiful ev] pa9t$ by man4    
,!re's fir/ a little bit ( x left ne>ly 
wild1 n q wild2 !re's a c>t & rid]'s    
track ?r\gh x among ! copse2 & !n1 /&+  
simply on ! wild moss-troop]s' gr\nd1 ! 
scatt]$ ru9s ( a great abbey1 se5 s     
dimly1 t !y seem to be fad+ out ( sight1
 9 color z 9 "t4  ,^! two ?+s toge!r1 ! 
wild copse wood & ! ru91 take y back    
into ! life ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! "o is
 ! bord]-rid]s' k+dom2 ! o!r t ( peace  
:i* has /riv5 aga9/ bord]-rid+--h[      
va9ly6 ,bo? ^! are rema9s ( ! pa/4 ,b ! 
ou?\ses & refectory ( ! abbey h be5     
turn$ into a f>mh\se1 & t is inhabit$1 &
 9 front ( x ! ,mi/ress is fe$+ h]      
*ick5s4 ,y see ! c\ntry is p]fectly     
quiet & innoc5t1 = !re is no trace ( a  
f5ce any:]e2 ! cattle h /ray$ d[n to !  
riv]side1 x be+ a hot day2 & "s re/ 9 ! 
%ade & two 9 ! wat]4  ,!y c\ld n h done 
s at _! ease _h ! riv] n be5 humaniz$4  
,only a little bit ( its /ony b$ is     

left2 a mill weir1 ?r[n across1 /ays !  
wat] 9 a p]fectly cle> & delici\s pool2 
to %[ h[ cle> x is1 ,turn] has put !    
only piece ( play+ color 9 all ! picture
 into ! reflections 9 ?is4 ,"o c[ is    
:ite1 ano!r :ite & r$1 evid5tly z clean 
z morn+ dew c wa% _! sides4 ,!y c\ld n h
 be5 s 9 a c\ntry :]e !re 0 ! lea/ coal 
smoke2 s ,turn] has put a wrea? (       
p]fectly :ite smoke ?r\gh ! trees2 & le/
 t %\ld n be en\gh to %[ y !y burnt     
wood1 he has made 8 =egr\nd ( a piece ( 
copse j lopp$1 ) ! new fagots /&+ up    
aga9/ x2 & ?is /ill n be+ en\gh to give 
y ! idea ( p]fect cleanl9ess1 he has    
cov]$ ! /ones ( ! riv]-b$ ) :ite clo!s  
laid out to dry2 & t n be+ en\gh yet1 = 
! riv]-b$ might be clean ?\gh no?+ else 
01 he has put a quantity m hang+ ov] !  
abbey walls4  #i4 ,only natural ph5om5a 
9 _! direct relation to humanity--^! are
 to be y\r subjects 9 l&scape4 ,rocks & 
wat] & air may no m be pa9t$ = _! own   
sakes1 ?an ! armor c>v$ )\t ! w>rior4   
,b1 secondly4 ,i said l&scape is to be a

 passionate repres5tation ( ^! ?+s4 ,x  
mu/ be done1 t is to say1 ) /r5g? & dep?
 ( s\l4 ,?is is inde$ to "s ext5t m]ely 
! p>ticul> application ( a pr9ciple t   
has no exception4 ,if y are )\t /rong   
passions1 y _c be a pa9t] at all4 ,!    
lay+ ( pa9t by an ins5sitive p]son1     
:atev] x endeavors to repres5t1 is n    
pa9t+1 b daub+ or pla/]+2 & t1 obs]ve1  
irrespective ( ! boldness or m9ut5ess ( 
! "w4 ,an ins5sitive p]son w daub ) a   
camel's hair-bru% & ultram>9e2 & a      
passionate "o w pa9t ) mort> & a tr[el4 
#aj4 ,b f> m ?an common passion is      
necess>y to pa9t l&scape4 ,! physical   
conditions !re are s num]\s1 & !        
spiritual ones s occult1 t y are sure to
 be ov]p[]$ by ! mat]ialism1 unless y\r 
s5tim5t is /rong4 ,no man is naturally  
likely to ?9k fir/ ( anatomy 9 pa9t+ a  
pretty woman2 b he is v apt to d s 9    
pa9t+ a m\nta94 ,no man ( ord9>y s5se w 
take pleasure 9 features t h no mean+1 b
 he may easily take x 9 hea?1 woods or  
wat]falls1 t h no expression4 ,s t x    

ne$s mu* great] /r5g? ( he>t & intellect
 to pa9t l&scape ?an figure3 _m         
commonplace p]sons1 br$ 9 good s*ools1 h
 pa9t$ ! figure pleasantly or ev5 well2 
b none b ! /ronge/--,john ,bell9i1      
,titian1 ,velasquez1 ,t9toret1          
,mantegna1 ,s&ro ,botticelli1 ,c>paccio 
& ,turn]--h ev] pa9t$ a fragm5t ( good  
l&scape4 ,9 missal pa9t+ exquisite      
figure-draw+ is frequ5t1 & l&scape      
backgr\nds 9 late works are elaborate2 b
 ,i only "k ?or\ghly good l&scape 9 "o  
book2 & ,i h exam9$--,i speak           
delib]ately--?\s&s4  #aa4 ,= "o ?+1 !   
passion is necess>y = ! m]e quantity (  
design4 ,9 good art1 :e!r pa9t+ or      
sculpture1 ,i h aga9 & aga9 told y e t\*
 is necess>y & beautifully int5d$4 ,n[ x
 falls )9 ! compass ( ord9>y application
 to place rightly all ! folds ( drap]y  
or gleams ( light on a *a91 or ornam5ts 
9 a patt]n2 b :5 x comes to plac+ e leaf
 9 a tree1 ! pa9t] gets tir$4 ,"h1 =    
in/ance1 is a little bit ( ,s&ro        
,botticelli backgr\nd2 ,i h purposefully

 sket*$ x 9 ! slighte/ way1 t y might   
see h[ ! entire value ( x dep5ds on     
?\ghtful plac+4 ,!re is no texture aim$ 
at1 no completion1 sc>cely any v>iety ( 
light & %ade2 b by m]e c>e 9 ! plac+ !  
?+ is beautiful4 ,well1 e leaf1 e cl\d1 
e t\* is plac$ ) ! same c>e 9 great "w2 
& :5 ?is is done z by ,john ,bell9i 9 ! 
picture ( ,pet] ,m>tyr1#b or z x 0 by   
,titian 9 ! great ,pet] ,m>tyr1 ) e leaf
 9 a wood he gets tir$4 ,i "k no o!r su*
 l&scape 9 ! _w z t is1 or z t 04       
,footnote #b3 ,national ,gall]y1 ,no4   
#hab4  #ab4 ,p]haps y ?9k on su*        
conditions y nev] c pa9t l&scape at all4
 ,well1 great l&scape c]ta9ly n2 b      
pleasant & useful l&scape1 yes2 provid$ 
only ! passion y br+ to x be true &     
pure4 ,! degree ( x y _c comm&2 !       
g5u95ess ( x y c--yes1 & ! dep? ( s\rce 
also4 ,t9toret's passion may be l !     
,rei*5ba*1 & y\rs only l a little dripp+
 ,holywell1 b bo? equally f deep spr+s4 
#ac4 ,b ?\gh ! virtue ( all pa9t+ 7&    
simil>ly ( sculpture & e o!r art7 is 9  

passion1 ,i mu/ n h y beg9 by work+     
passionately4 ,! discipl9e ( y\?1 9 all 
its "w1 is 9 cool+ & curb+ itself1 z !  
discipl9e ( age is 9 w>m+ & urg+ itself2
 y "k ! ,bac*ic *orus ( old m5 9        
,plato's ,laws4 ,to ! end ( life1 inde$1
 ! /r5g? ( a man's f9e/ nature is %[n 9 
due cont95ce2 b t is because ! f9e/     
natures rema9 "y to ! dea?3 & = y ! fir/
 ?+ y h to d 9 art 7z 9 life7 is to be  
quiet & firm--quiet1 above ev]y?+2 &    
mode/1 ) ?is mo/ ess5tial mode/y1 t y   
mu/ l ! l&scape y are go+ to draw bett] 
?an y expect to l y\r draw+ ( x1 h[ev]  
well x may succe$4 ,if y w\ld n r h !   
real ?+ ?an y\r sket* ( x1 y are n 9 a  
"r /ate ( m9d = sket*+ at all4 ,if y    
only ?9k ( ! sc5e1 :at a nice sket* ?is 
w make6 be assur$ y w nev] make a nice  
sket* ( x4 ,y may ?9k y h produc$ a     
beautiful "w2 nay1 p]haps ! public & _m 
fair judges w agree ) y2 b ,i tell y    
positively1 !re w be no endur+ value 9  
:at y h ?us done4 ,:]eas if y ?9k ( !   
sc5e1 ,ah1 if ,i c\ld only get "s %ad[  

or scrawl ( ?is to c>ry away ) me1 h[   
glad ,i %\ld be6--!n :atev] y d w be1   
accord+ to y\r /r5g?1 good &            
progressive3 x may be feeble1 or mu*    
faultful1 b x w be vital & ess5tially   
preci\s4  #ad4 ,n[1 x is n possible = y 
to comm& ?is /ate ( m9d1 or any?+ l x1 9
 y\rselves at once4 ,nay1 9 all         
probability y\r eyes are s satiat$ by ! 
false popul> art surr\nd+ u n[ on all   
sides1 t y _c see ! delicate reality    
?\gh y try2 b ev5 ?\gh y may n c>e = !  
tru?1 y c act z if y did1 & tell x4     
,n[1 !re=e1 obs]ve ?is foll[+ q pla9    
direction4 ,:5ev] y set y\rself to draw 
any?+1 consid] only h[ be/ y may give a 
p]son :o has n se5 ! place1 a true idea 
( x4 ,use any means 9 y\r p[] to d t1 & 
don't ?9k ( ! p]son = :om y are draw+ z 
a connoisseur1 b z a p]son ( ord9>y s5se
 & feel+4 ,don't get arti/-l qualities =
 him3 b fir/ give him ! pleasant        
s5sation ( be+ at ! place1 !n %[ him h[ 
! l& lies1 h[ ! wat] runs1 h[ ! w9d     
bl[s1 & s on4 ,always ?9k ( ! public z  

,molire ( 8 old woman2 y h done no?+    
really great or good if y c't please h]4
  #ae4 ,n[ beg9n+ wisely1 s z to lose no
 "t or labor1 y w le>n to pa9t all !    
conditions ( quiet light & sky1 be=e y  
attempt ^? ( v>iable light & cl\d4 ,d n 
tr\ble y\rselves ) or all[ y\rselves to 
be tempt$ by any effects t are brilliant
 or trem5d\s2 except only t f ! beg9n+  
,i recomm5d y to wat* always = sunrise2 
to keep a little di>y ( ! mann] ( x1 &  
to h beside y\r w9d[ a small sket*-book1
 ) p5cil cut ov] night1 & colors moi/4  
,! "o indulg5ce :i* ,i w\ld h y all[    
y\rselves 9 fa/ color+1 = "s "t1 is !   
endeavor to secure "s record at ! in/ant
 ( ! colors ( morn+ cl\ds2 :ile1 if !y  
are m]ely :ite or gray or blue1 y mu/   
get an outl9e ( !m ) p5cil4 ,y w soon   
feel by ?is means :at are ! real        
difficulties to be enc\nt]$ 9 all       
l&scape color+1 & y\r eyes w be educat$ 
to quantity & h>moni\s action ( =ms4  ,b
 = ! re/--le>n to pa9t ev]y?+ 9 !       
quiete/ & simple/ light4 ,fir/ outl9e   

y\r :ole subject completely1 ) delicate 
%>p p5cil l9e4 ,if y don't get m ?an t1 
let y\r outl9e be a f9i%$ & lovely      
diagram ( ! :ole4  #af4 ,all ! objects  
are !n to be pa9t$ ( _! prop] colors1   
mat*+ !m z ne>ly z y c1 9 ! mann] t a   
missal is pa9t$1 fill+ ! outl9$ %apes   
neatly up to _! junctions2 ren=c+       
aft]w>ds :5 necess>y1 b z little z      
possible2 b1 above all1 kn[+ precisely  
:at ! light is1 & :]e x is4#c  ,footnote
 #c3 ,make a note ( ^! po9ts3  #a4      
,date1 "t ( day1 temp]ature1 direction &
 =ce ( w9d4  #b4 ,r\ghly1 by compass1 ! 
direction 9 :i* y are look+2 & angle ( !
 light ) respect to x4  #c4 ,angle      
subt5d$ by picture1 & di/ance ( ne>e/   
object 9 x4  #ag4 ,i h br\ght two       
old-fa%ion$ color$ engrav+s1#d :i* are a
 precise type ( ! /yle ,i want y to beg9
 )4 ,f9i%$ f corn] to corn]1 z well z ! 
pa9t] easily c\ld2 ev]y?+ done to good  
purpose1 no?+ = va9 glory2 no?+ 9 ha/e  
or affectation1 no?+ 9 fev]i% or morbid 
excitem5t4 ,! obs]vation is accurate2 ! 

s5tim5t1 ?\gh *ildi%1 deep & pure2 & !  
effect ( light1 = common "w1 q curi\sly 
h>moni\s & deceptive4  ,footnote #d3 ,f 
a ,picturesque ,t\r f ,g5eva to ,milan  
444 engrav$ f designs by ,j4 ,lory (    
,neuf*tel4 ,london3 ,publi%$ by ,r4     
,ack]mann1 at 8 ,repository ( ,arts1    
#ahbj4  ,!y are1 9 spite ( _!           
weaknesses1 absolutely ! only l&scapes  
,i c\ld %[ y :i* give y a real idea ( ! 
places1 or :i* put y\r m9ds into ! tone 
:i*1 if y 7 happy & at ease1 !y w\ld    
take 9 ! air & light ( ,italy4  ,i dwell
 on ! necessity ( completion especially1
 because ,i h lo/ mu* "t myself f my    
sympa?y ) ! fev]i% int5sity ( ! m9ds ( !
 great engrav]s2 & f always fa/5+ on "o 
or two po9ts ( my subject & neglect+ !  
re/4  #ah4 ,we h se51 !n1 t e subject is
 to be tak5 up fir/ 9 its t]m9al l9es1  
!n 9 its light & %ade1 !n 9 its color4  
,fir/ ( ! t]m9al l9es ( l&scape1 or (   
draw+ 9 outl9e4  ,i ?9k ! examples (    
%ell outl9e 9 y\r copy+ s]ies mu/       
already h made y feel ! exact nature ( a

 pure outl9e1 ! difficulty ( x1 & !     
value4  ,b we h n[ to deal ) limits ( a 
m subtle k9d4  ,! outl9e ( any simple   
solid =m1 ev5 ?\gh x may h complex p>ts1
 repres5ts an actual limit1 accurately  
to be foll[$4 ,! outl9e ( a cup1 ( a    
%ell1 or ( an animal's limb1 has a      
det]m9able c\rse1 :i* y\r p5 or p5cil   
l9e ei!r co9cides ) or does n4 ,y c say 
( t l9e1 ei!r x is wrong or "r2 if "r1 x
 is 9 a measure sugge/ive1 & nobly      
sugge/ive ( ! "* ( ! object4 ,b ! great]
 numb] ( objects 9 a l&scape ei!r h     
outl9es s complex t no p5cil c\ld foll[ 
!m 7z trees 9 middle di/ance71 or !y h  
no actual outl9e at all1 b a gradat$ &  
s(t5$ edge2 z1 = ! mo/ "p1 cl\ds1 foam1 
& ! l4 ,& ev5 9 ?+s :i* h det]m9ate =m1 
! outl9e ( t =m is usually q incapable (
 express+ _! real "*4  ,illu/ration     
#ai4 ,"h is ! mo/ ord9>y compon5t ( a   
=egr\nd = in/ance1 a pleasantly color$  
/one4 ,any ( its pure outl9es are n only
 )\t beauty1 b absolutely p[]less to    
give y any notion ( its "*1 al?\gh t "* 

is 9 itself s int]e/+1 t "h ,turn] has  
made a picture ( little m ?an a heap (  
su* /ones1 ) blue wat] to oppose _!     
color4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^! difficulties &
 insuffici5cies1 mo/ l&scape-pa9t]s h   
be5 tempt$ to neglect outl9e altoge!r1 &
 ?9k only ( effects ( light or color on 
masses m or less obscurely def9$4 ,!y h 
?us gradually lo/ _! s5se ( organic =m1 
_! precision ( h&1 & _! respect = limit+
 law2 9 a ^w1 = all ! safegu>ds & sev]e 
dignities ( _! art4 ,& l&scape-pa9t+    
has1 !re=e1 m 9 consequ5ce ( ?is "o     
error ?an ( any o!r1 become weak1       
frivol\s1 & ju/ly despis$4  #bj4 ,n[1 if
 any ( y h *anc$ to notice at ! end ( my
 ,que5 ( ! ,air1 my say+ t 9 l&scape    
,turn] mu/ be y\r only guide1 y p]haps h
 ?\ght ,i said s because ( 8 great p[] 9
 melt+ colors or 9 mass+ light & %ade4  
,n s4 ,i h always said he is ! only     
great l&scape-pa9t]1 & to be y\r only   
guide1 because he is ! only             
l&scape-pa9t] :o c draw an outl9e4  ,8  
f9i%$ works p]haps appe> to y m vague   

?an any o!r ma/]'s3 no man loses 8      
outl9es m con/antly4 ,y w be surpris$ to
 "k t 8 frankness 9 los+ dep5ds on 8    
c]ta9ty ( f9d+ if he *ooses2 & t1 :ile  
all o!r l&scape-pa9t]s /udy f ,nature 9 
%ade or 9 color1 ,turn] always sket*$ ) 
! po9t4  ,always1 ( c\rse1 is a wide ^w4
 ,9 y\r copy+ s]ies ,i h put a sket* by 
,turn] 9 color f ,nature2 "s few o!rs ( 
! k9d exi/1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y &     
else:]e4 ,b1 z a rule1 f 8 boyhood to ! 
la/ day ( 8 life1 he sket*$ only ) ! f9e
 p5cil po9t1 & always ! outl9e1 m if he 
_h "t1 b at lea/ ! outl9e1 ( e sc5e t   
int]e/$ him2 & 9 g5]al1 outl9e s subtle 
& elaborate z to be inexhau/ible 9      
exam9ation & uncopiable = delicacy4  ,"h
 is a sket* ( an ,engli% p>k sc5e :i*   
repres5ts ! av]age "* ( a /udy f ,nature
 by ,turn]2 & "h ! sket* f ,nature (    
,dumblane ,abbey = ! ,lib] ,/udiorum1   
:i* %[s y :at he took f ,nature1 :5 he  
_h "t only to get :at 0 mo/ preci\s to  
him4  #ba4 ,! fir/ ?+1 !re=e1 y h to    
le>n 9 l&scape1 is to outl9e2 & !re=e we

 mu/ n[ "k precisely :at an outl9e is1  
h[ x ought to be repres5t$2 & ?is x w be
 "r to def9e 9 q g5]al t]ms applicable  
to all subjects4  ,we saw 9 ! fif?      
,lecture#e t e visible ?+ consi/$ (     
spaces ( color1 t]m9at$ ei!r by %>p or  
gradat$ limits4 ,:5ev] !y are %>p1 ! l9e
 ( sep>ation1 foll[$ by ! po9t ( y\r    
draw+ in/rum5t1 is ! prop] outl9e ( y\r 
subject1 :e!r x repres5ts ! limits (    
flat spaces or ( solid =ms4  ,footnote  
#e3 ,lectures on ,art1 #ahgj1  #acj4    
#bb4 ,= in/ance1 "h is a draw+ by       
,holbe9 ( a lady 9 a d>k dress1 ) b>s ( 
black velvet r\nd h] arm4 ,h] =m is se5 
ev]y:]e def9$ aga9/ ! light by a        
p]fectly %>p l9e> limit :i* ,holbe9 c   
accurately draw ) 8 p52 ! pat*es (      
velvet are also di/+ui%$ f ! re/ ( h]   
dress by a l9e> limit1 :i* he foll[s ) 8
 p5 j z decisively4 ,"h1 !re=e1 is y\r  
fir/ great law4 ,:]ev] y see "o space ( 
color di/+ui%$ f ano!r by a %>p limit1 y
 are to draw t limit firmly2 & t is y\r 
outl9e4  #bc4 ,also1 obs]ve t z y\r     

repres5t+ ?is limit by a d>k l9e is a   
conv5tionalism1 & j z mu* a             
conv5tionalism :5 ! l9e is subtle z :5 x
 is ?ick1 ! great ma/]s accept & decl>e 
t conv5tionalism ) p]fect frankness1 &  
use bold & decisive outl9e1 if any4     
,also1 obs]ve1 t ?\gh1 :5 y are ma/] (  
y\r art1 y may modify y\r outl9e by mak+
 x d>k 9 "s p>ts1 light 9 o!rs1 & ev5   
sometimes ?ick & sometimes sl5d]1 a     
sci5tifically accurate outl9e is        
p]fectly equal ?r\gh\t2 & 9 y\r fir/    
practice ,i wi% y to use always a p5 ) a
 blunt po9t1 :i* w make no hair /roke "u
 any conditions4 ,s t us+ black ink &   
only "o movem5t ( ! p51 n return+ to    
?ick5 y\r l9e1 y %all ei!r h y\r l9e    
!re1 or n !re2 & t y may n be able to   
gradate or *ange x1 9 any way or degree 
:atsoev]4  #bd4 ,n[ ! fir/ "q respect+ x
 is3 :at place is y\r ?ick l9e to h )   
respect to ! limit :i* x                
repres5ts--outside ( x1 or inside1 or   
ov] x8 ,!oretically1 x is to be ov] x2 !
 true limit fall+ all ! way along ! c5t]

 ( y\r ?ick l9e4 ,! conte/ ( ,apelles ) 
,protog5es consi/$ 9 /rik+ ?is true     
limit )9 ea* o!r's l9es1 m & m f9ely4 ,&
 y may always consid] y\r p5 l9e z      
repres5t+ ! fir/ incision = sculpture1 !
 true limit be+ ! %>p c5t] ( ! incision4
  ,b1 practically1 :5 y are outl9+ a    
light object def9$ aga9/ a d>k "o1 ! l9e
 mu/ g outside ( x2 & :5 a d>k object   
aga9/ a light "o1 inside ( x4  ,9 ?is   
draw+ ( ,holbe9's1 ! h& be+ se5 aga9/ ! 
light1 ! outl9e goes inside ! cont\r ( !
 f+]s4  #be4 ,secondly4 ,& ?is is (     
great importance4 ,x w happ5 con/antly t
 =ms are entirely di/9ct f ea* o!r &    
sep>at$ by true limits1 :i* are yet     
invisible1 or ne>ly s1 to ! eye4 ,i     
place1 = in/ance1 "o ( ^! eggs 9 front (
 ! o!r1 & probably to mo/ ( y !         
sep>ation 9 ! light is indisc]nible4 ,is
 x !n to be outl9$8 ,9 practically      
comb9+ outl9e ) accompli%$ light & %ade 
!re are cases ( ?is k9d 9 :i* ! outl9e  
may ) advantage1 or ev5 mu/ = tru? (    
effect1 be omitt$4 ,b ! facts ( ! solid 

=m are ( s vital importance1 & ! p]fect 
comm& ( !m s necess>y to ! dignity &    
intelligibility ( ! "w1 t ! greate/     
arti/s1 ev5 = _! f9i%$ draw+s1 l to     
limit e solid =m by a f9e l9e1 :e!r its 
cont\r be visible to ! eye or n4  #bf4  
,an outl9e ?us p]fectly made ) absolute 
decision1 & ) a wa% ( "o color above x1 
is ! mo/ ma/]ly ( all me?ods ( light &  
%ade /udy1 ) limit$ "t1 :5 ! =ms ( !    
objects to be drawn are cle> & unaffect$
 by mi/4 ,b )\t any wa% ( color1 su* an 
outl9e is ! mo/ valuable ( all means =  
obta9+ su* memor&a ( any sc5e z may     
expla9 to ano!r p]son1 or record =      
y\rself1 :at is mo/ important 9 its     
features4  #bg4 ,*oose1 !n1 a subject t 
int]e/s y2 & s f> z failure ( "t or     
mat]ials compels y to f9i% "o "p1 or    
express "o "*1 r ?an ano!r1 ( c\rse     
dwell on ! features t int]e/ y mo/4 ,b  
beyond ?is1 =get1 or ev5 some:at repress
 y\rself1 & make x y\r fir/ object to   
give a true idea ( ! place to o!r p4 ,y 
are n to endeavor to express y\r own    

feel+s ab\t x2 if any?+1 err on ! side (
 conceal+ !m4 ,:at is be/ is n to ?9k ( 
y\rself at all1 b to /ate z pla9ly &    
simply z y c ! :ole tru? ( ! ?+4 ,:at y 
?9k unimportant 9 x may to ano!r p]son  
be ! mo/ t\*+ "p ( x3 :at y ?9k         
beautiful may be 9 tru? commonplace & ( 
small value4 ,quietly complete ea* "p to
 ! be/ ( y\r p[]1 endeavor+ to ma9ta9 a 
/eady & dutiful en]gy1 & ! tranquil     
pleasure ( a workman4     ,,ii4  ,,light
 ,,& ,,%ade4   #bh4 ,9 my la/ ,lecture  
,i laid be=e y evid5ce t ! greatness ( !
 ma/] :om ,i wi%$ y to foll[ z y\r only 
guide 9 l&scape dep5d$ prim>ily on 8    
/udy+ f ,nature always ) ! po9t2 t is to
 say1 9 p5cil or p5 outl9e4 ,to-day ,i  
wi% to %[ y t 8 prem95ce dep5ds         
second>ily on 8 p]fect r5d]+ ( =m &     
di/ance by light & %ade1 be=e he admits 
a ?\ght ( color4  ,i say be=e           
h[ev]--obs]ve c>efully--only ) ref]5ce  
to ! con/ruction ( any giv5 picture1 n )
 ref]5ce to ! ord] 9 :i* he le>nt 8     
me*anical processes4 ,f ! beg9n+1 he    

work$ out ( doors ) ! po9t1 b indoors ) 
! bru%2 & atta9s p]fect skill 9 wa%+    
flat color long be=e he atta9s any?+ l  
skill 9 del9eation ( =m4  #bi4 ,"h1 =   
in/ance1 is a draw+1 :5 he 0 twelve or  
?irte5 ye>s old1 ( ,dov] ,ca/le & !     
,dov] ,coa*2 9 :i* ! future love ( my/]y
 is exhibit$ by 8 /udi\sly %[+ ! way 9  
:i* ! du/ rises ab\t ! :eels2 & an      
int]e/ 9 drunk5 sailors1 :i* mat]ially  
affect$ 8 m>9e /udies1 %[n n less 9 !   
occupants ( ! h9d seat4 ,b :at ,i want y
 to obs]ve is t1 ?\gh ! trees1 coa*1    
horses1 & sailors are drawn z any       
s*oolboy w\ld draw !m1 ! sky is wa%$ 9 s
 smoo?ly t few wat]-color pa9t]s ( our  
day w\ld lightly accept a *all5ge to    
mat* x4  ,&1 !re=e1 x is1 among _m o!r  
reasons1 t ,i put ! bru% into y\r h&s f 
! fir/1 & try y ) a wa% 9 lampblack1    
be=e y ent] my work+ class4 ,b1 z reg>ds
 ! composition ( 8 picture1 ! draw+ is  
always fir/ ) ,turn]1 ! color second4   
#cj4 ,draw+3 t is to say1 ! expression  
by gradation ( light1 ei!r ( =m or      

space4 ,aga9 ,i ?us give y a /atem5t    
:olly adv]se to ! vulg> op9ion ( him4 ,y
 w f9d t /atem5t e>ly 9 ! fir/ volume ( 
,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 & repeat$ n[ ?r\gh all  
my works ^! tw5ty-five ye>s1 9 va94     
,nobody w believe t ! ma9 virtue (      
,turn] is 9 8 draw+4 ,i say ! ma9 virtue
 ( ,turn]4 ,spl5did ?\gh he be z a      
colori/1 he is n unrival$ 9 color2 nay1 
9 "s qualities ( color he has be5 f>    
surpass$ by ! ,v5etians4 ,b no "o has   
ev] t\*$ him 9 exquisit5ess ( gradation2
 & no "o 9 l&scape 9 p]fect r5d]+ (     
organic =m4  #ca4 ,i %[$ y 9 ?is draw+1 
at la/ ,lecture1 h[ truly he _h mat*$ ! 
color ( ! iron-/a9$ rocks 9 ! b$ ( !    
,tic9o2 & any ( y :o c>e = color at all 
_c b take m or less pleasure 9 ! black &
 gre5s & w>m br[ns oppos$ ?r\gh\t4 ,b ! 
ess5tial value ( ! "w is n 9 ^!4 ,x is1 
fir/1 9 ! expression ( enorm\s scale (  
m\nta9 & space ( air1 by gradations (   
%ade 9 ^! colors1 :atev] !y may be2 &1  
secondly1 9 ! p]fect r\nd+ & cleav+ ( ! 
masses alike ( m\nta9 & /one4 ,i %[$ y  

"o ( ! /ones !mselves1 z an example (   
un9t]e/+ outl9e4 ,if ,i 7 to ask y to   
pa9t x1 ?\gh its color is pleasant      
en\gh1 y w\ld /ill f9d x un9t]e/+ &     
co>se comp>$ to t ( a fl[]1 or a bird4  
,b if ,i c engage y 9 an endeavor to    
draw its true =ms 9 light & %ade1 y w   
mo/ assur$ly f9d x n only int]e/+1 b 9  
"s po9ts q beyond ! mo/ subtle skill y c
 give to x4  #cb4 ,y h he>d me /ate to  
y1 sev]al times1 t all ! ma/]s :o valu$ 
accurate =m & model+ f\nd ! readie/ way 
( obta9+ ! facts !y requir$ to be firm  
p5 outl9e1 complet$ by a wa% ( neutral  
t9t4 ,?is me?od is inde$ r>ely us$ by   
,raphael or ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 ! draw+s  
!y h left u1 because _! /udies are ne>ly
 all t5tative--exp]im5ts 9 composition1 
9 :i* ! imp]fect or c>eless p5 outl9e   
sugge/$ all !y requir$1 & 0 capable (   
easy *ange )\t confus+ ! eye4 ,b ! ma/]s
 :o knew precisely be=e !y laid t\* on  
pap] :at !y 7 go+ to d--& ?is may be1   
obs]ve1 ei!r because !y are less or     
great] ?an ! m5 :o *ange2 less1 9 m]ely 

draw+ "s natural object )\t attempt at  
composition1 or great] 9 kn[+ absolutely
 be=eh& ! composition !y int5d2 x may   
be1 ev5 s1 t :at !y int5d1 ?\gh bett]   
kn[n1 is n s good3--b at all ev5ts1 9   
?is anticipat+ p[] ,t9toret1 ,holbe9 &  
,turn] /&1 ,i ?9k1 alone z draughtsm52  
,t9toret r>ely sket*+ at all1 b pa9t+   
/raight at ! fir/ bl[1 :ile ,holbe9 &   
,turn] sket* inde$1 b x is z ) a p5 (   
iron & a po9t ( diamond4  #cc4 ,y w f9d 
9 y\r educational s]ies#f _m draw+s     
illu/rative ( ! me?od2 b ,i h enl>g$ "h 
! "p t is execut$ ) ! p51 out ( ?is     
small] draw+1 t y may see ) :at fe>less 
/r5g? ,holbe9 del9eates ev5 ! mo/       
delicate folds ( ! veil on ! head1 & ( !
 light musl9 on ! %\ld]s1 giv+ !m       
delicacy1 n by ! ?9ness ( 8 l9e1 b by   
its exquisite v]acity4  ,footnote #f3   
,at ! ,rusk9 ,draw+ ,s*ool1 ,ox=d4  ,!  
eye w endure ) pati5ce1 or ev5 l+] )    
pleasure1 on any l9e t is "r1 h[ev]     
co>se2 :ile ! fa9te/ or f9e/ t is wrong 
w be =cibly de/ructive4 ,& aga9 & aga9  

,i h to recomm5d y to draw always z if y
 7 engrav+1 & z if ! l9e c\ld n be      
*ang$4  #cd4 ,! me?od us$ by ,turn] 9 ! 
,lib] ,/udiorum is precisely analog\s to
 t ( ,holbe94 ,! l9es ( ^! et*+s are to 
trees1 rocks1 or build+s1 absolutely :at
 ^! ( ,holbe9 are2 n sugge/ions (       
cont+5t grace1 b det]m9ations ( ! limits
 ( future =m4 ,y w see ! explanatory    
(fice ( su* l9es by plac+ ?is outl9e ov]
 my draw+ ( ! /one1 until ! l9es co9cide
 ) ! limits ( ! %ad[4 ,y w f9d t x      
int5sifies & expla9s ! =ms :i* o!rwise  
w\ld h escap$ notice1 & t a p]fectly    
gradat$ wa% ( neutral t9t ) an outl9e ( 
?is k9d is all t is necess>y =          
grammatical /atem5t ( =ms4 ,x is all t !
 great colori/s ne$ = _! /udies2 !y w\ld
 ?9k x wa/$ "t to g f>!r2 b1 if y h no  
eye = color1 y may g f>!r 9 ano!r mann]1
 ) enjoym5t4  #ce4 ,n[ to g back to     
,turn]4  ,! fir/ great object ( ! ,lib] 
,/udiorum1 = :i* ,i reque/$ y 9 my six? 
,lecture#g to make con/ant use ( x1 is !
 del9eation ( solid =m by outl9e & %ad[4

 ,b a yet m important purpose 9 ea* ( ! 
designs 9 t book is ! expression ( su*  
l&scape p[]s & "* z h especial relation 
to ! pleasures & pa9 ( human life--b    
especially ! pa94 ,& x is 9 ?is respect 
t ,i desir$ y 7,sect4 #agb7 to be       
assur$1 n m]ely ( _! sup]iority1 b ( _! 
absolute diff]5ce 9 k9d f photography1 z
 works ( discipl9$ design4  ,footnote   
#g3 ,lectures on ,art1 #ahgj1  #agj4    
,illu/ration3 ,,ne> ,,blair ,,a?ol4  ,f 
! pa9t+ by ,turn]4  #cf4 ,i d n "k :e!r 
any ( y 7 int]e/$ en\gh 9 ! little note 
9 my catalogue on ?is view ne> ,blair   
,a?ol1 to look = ! sc5e itself dur+ y\r 
summ] rambles4 ,if any did1 & f\nd x1 ,i
 am ne>ly c]ta9 _! impression w\ld be   
only t ( an extreme wond] h[ ,turn] c\ld
 h made s little ( s beautiful a spot4  
,! project+ rock1 :5 ,i saw x la/ 9     
#aheg1 & ,i am c]ta91 :5 ,turn] saw x1 0
 cov]$ ) li*5s hav+ z _m colors z a     
pa9t$ w9d[4 ,! /ream--or r p[]ful & deep
 ,highl& riv]1 ! ,tilt--foam$ & eddi$   
magnific5tly ?r\gh ! n>r[$ *annel2 & !  

wild vegetation 9 ! rock crannies 0 a   
f9i%$ arabesque ( liv+ sculpture1 ( :i* 
?is /udy ( m9e1 made on ano!r /ream1 9  
,gl5f9las1 only a few miles away1 w give
 y a fair idea4 ,turn] has absolutely   
/ripp$ ! rock ( its beautiful li*5s to  
b>e slate1 ) "o qu>tz ve9 runn+ up ?r\gh
 x2 he has quiet$ ! riv] into a         
commonplace /ream2 he has giv51 ( all ! 
ri* vegetation1 only "o clu/] ( q       
un9t]e/+ leaves & a clump ( bir*es )    
ragg$ trunks4 ,yet1 obs]ve1 ,i h told y 
( x1 he has put into "o sc5e ! _s (     
,scotl&4  ,illu/ration3 ,,dumblane      
,,abbey4  ,f ! pa9t+ by ,turn]4  #cg4   
,simil>ly1 ^? ( y :o 9 y\r long         
vacations h ev] /ay$ ne> ,dumblane w be1
 ,i ?9k1 disappo9t$ 9 no small degree by
 ?is /udy ( ! abbey1 = :i* ,i %[$ y !   
sket* at la/ ,lecture4 ,y probably "k t 
! oval w9d[ 9 its we/ end is "o ( !     
prettie/ pieces ( r\gh ?irte5?-c5tury   
c>v+ 9 ! k+dom2 ,i us$ x = a *ief       
example 9 my lectures at ,ed9burgh2 & y 
"k t ! lancet w9d[s1 9 _! f9e proportion

 & rugg$ masonry1 w\ld alone =m a /udy (
 ru9$ ,go?ic masonry ( exquisite int]e/4
  ,yet y f9d ,turn] repres5t+ ! lancet  
w9d[ by a few b>e oval l9es l ! hoop ( a
 b>rel2 & indicat+ ! re/ ( ! /ructure by
 a monoton\s & ?9 piece ( outl9e1 ( :i* 
,i 0 ask$ by "o ( y\rselves la/ t]m1 & q
 naturally & rightly1 h[ ,turn] came to 
draw x s slightly--or1 we may ev5 say1 s
 badly4  #ch4 ,:5ev] y f9d ,turn] /opp+ 
%ort1 or app>5tly fail+ 9 ?is way1      
especially :5 he does ! contr>y ( :at   
any ( u w\ld h be5 ne>ly sure to d1 !n  
is ! "t to look = y\r ma9 lesson f him4 
,y recollect ^? quiet words ( ! /ronge/ 
( all ,%akespe>e's h]oes1 :5 any "o else
 w\ld h _h 8 sword out 9 an in/ant3     
,keep up y\r bright swords1 = ! dew w   
ru/ !m 444      ,7 x my cue to fight1 ,i
 %\ld h kn[n x      ,)\t a prompt]4#h   
,footnote #h3 ,o!llo1 ,i4 #b4  ,n[ y mu/
 always wat* ke5ly :at ,turn]'s cue is4 
,y w see 8 h& g to 8 hilt fa/ en\gh1 :5 
x comes4 ,dumblane ,abbey is a pretty   
piece ( build+ en\gh1 x is true2 b !    

virtue ( ! :ole sc5e1 & mean+1 is n 9 ! 
masonry ( x4 ,!re is mu* bett] masonry &
 mu* m wond]ful ru9 ( x else:]e2        
,dumblane ,abbey--t[] & aisles &        
all--w\ld g "u "o ( ! ar*es ( build+s   
su* z !re are 9 ! _w4 ,look at :at      
,turn] w d :5 8 cue is masonry1--9 !    
,coliseum4 ,:at ! execution ( t draw+ is
 y may judge by look+ ) a magnify+ glass
 at ! ivy & battlem5ts 9 ?is1 :51 also1 
8 cue is masonry4 ,:at !n c he mean by n
 s mu* z indicat+ "o pebble or jo9t 9 ! 
walls ( ,dumblane8  ,illu/ration  #ci4  
,i 0 s5d+ out ! o!r day1 to a fri5d 9   
,am]ica1 a *os5 gr\p ( ! ,lib] ,/udiorum
 to =m a nucleus = an art collection at 
,bo/on4 ,& ,i w>n$ my fri5d at once to  
gu>d 8 public aga9/ ! sore disappo9tm5t 
_! fir/ sight ( ^! s mu* celebrat$ works
 w\ld be to !m4 ,y w h to make !m       
und]/&1 ,i wrote to him1 t _! fir/      
lesson w be 9 obs]v+ n :at ,turn] has   
done1 b :at he has n done4 ,^! are n    
f9i%$ pictures1 b /udies2 endeavors1 t  
is to say1 to get ! utmo/ result        

possible ) ! simple/ means2 !y are      
ess5tially ?\ghtful1 & h ea* _! fix$    
purpose1 to :i* ev]y?+ else is          
sacrific$2 & t purpose is always        
imag9ative--to get at ! he>t ( ! ?+1 n  
at its outside4  #dj4 ,n[1 x is true1   
!re are beautiful li*5s at ,blair ,a?ol1
 & good build+ at ,dumblane2 b !re are  
lovely li*5s all ov] ! cold regions ( ! 
_w1 & !re is f> m int]e/+ ar*itecture 9 
o!r c\ntries ?an 9 ,scotl&4 ,! ess5tial 
"* ( ,scotl& is t ( a wild & ?9ly       
inhabit$ rocky c\ntry1 n sublimely      
m\nta9\s1 b beautiful 9 l[ rock & light 
/reamlet ev]y:]e2 ) sweet copsewood &   
rudely gr[+ trees4 ,?is wild l&         
possesses a subdu$ & imp]fect s*ool (   
ar*itecture1 & has an inf9itely tragic  
feudal1 pa/oral1 & civic hi/ory4 ,& 9 ! 
ev5ts ( t hi/ory a deep t5d]ness (      
s5tim5t is m+l$ ) a cruel & b>r5        
rigidity ( habitual "*1 accurately      
correspond+ to ! conditions ( climate & 
e>?4  #da4 ,n[ ,i want y especially to  
notice1 ) respect to ^! ?+s1 ,turn]'s   

introduction ( ! ugly squ>e t[] high up 
on ! left4 ,y\r fir/ in/9ct w\ld be to  
exclaim1 ,h[ unlucky t 0 !re at all6    
,:y1 at lea/1 c\ld n ,turn] h kept x out
 ( sight8 ,he has q gratuit\sly br\ght x
 into sight2 gratuit\sly drawn firmly ! 
?ree l9es ( /iff drip-/one :i* m>k its  
squ>5ess & blankness4 ,x is precisely t 
blank vacancy ( decoration1 & sett+ ( ! 
meag] angles aga9/ w9d & w>1 :i* he     
wants to =ce on y\r notice1 t he may    
take y ?or\ghly out ( ,italy & ,greece1 
& put y :olly into a b>b>\s & fro/-h>d5$
 l&2 t once hav+ its gloom def9$ he may 
%[ y all ! m int5sely :at pa/oral purity
 & innoc5ce ( life1 & lovel9ess (       
nature1 are und]nea? ! banks & braes (  
,d\ne1 & by e brooklet t fe$s ! ,=? &   
,clyde4  ,t is ! ma9 purpose ( ^! two   
/udies4 ,h[ x is obta9$ by v>i\s        
incid5ts 9 ! draw+ ( /ones1 & trees1 &  
figures1 ,i w %[ y ano!r "t4 ,! *ief    
elem5t 9 bo? is ! sadness & dep? ( _!   
effect ( subdu$ ?\gh cle> light 9 sky & 
/ream4  #db4 ,! sadness ( _! effect1 ,i 

repeat4 ,if y rememb] any?+ ( !         
,lectures ,i gave y ?r\gh la/ ye>1 y mu/
 be gradually gett+ accu/om$ to my      
def9ition ( ! ,greek s*ool 9 art1 z "o  
ess5tially ,*i>oscuri/1 z oppos$ to     
,go?ic color2 ,reali/1 z oppos$ to      
,go?ic imag9ation2 & ,despair+1 z oppos$
 to ,go?ic hope4 ,& y are prep>$ to     
recognize x by any "o ( ^! ?ree         
conditions4 ,only1 obs]ve1 ! *i>oscuro  
is simply ! te*nical result ( ! two     
o!rs3 a ,greek pa9t] likes light & %ade1
 fir/1 because !y enable him to realize 
=m solidly1 :ile color is flat2 &       
secondly1 because light & %ade are      
melan*oly1 :ile color is gay4  ,s t !   
defect ( color1 & sub/itution ( m or    
less gray or gloomy effects ( r\nd$     
gradation1 con/antly express ! two      
*>act]s3 fir/1 ,academic or ,greek      
fle%l9ess & solidity z oppos$ to ,go?ic 
imag9ation2 & secondly1 ( ,greek tragic 
horror & gloom z oppos$ to ,go?ic       
gladness4  #dc4 ,9 ! great ,fr5* room 9 
! ,l\vre1 if y at all rememb] ! g5]al "*

 ( ! hi/orical pictures1 y w in/antly   
recognize1 9 ?9k+ g5]ally ( !m1 ! r\nd$ 
fle%ly & solid "* 9 ! draw+1 ! gray or  
gre5i% & br[ni% color1 or defect (      
color1 lurid & moonlight-l1 & ! gloomy  
*oice ( subjects1 z ! ,deluge1 ! ,field 
( ,eylau1 ! ,/>vation on ! ,raft1 & !   
,dea? ( ,endymion2 always melan*oly1 &  
usually horrible4  ,! m rec5t pictures (
 ! pa9t] ,grme unite all ^! attributes 9
 a s+ul> degree2 above all1 ! fle%l9ess 
& mat]ialism :i* make 8 /udies ( ! nude1
 9 my judgm5t1 altoge!r inadmissible    
into ! rank ( ! f9e arts4  #dd4 ,n[ y   
obs]ve t ,i nev] speak ( ?is ,greek     
s*ool b ) a c]ta9 dread4 ,& yet ,i h    
told y t ,turn] belongs to x1 t all !   
/ronge/ m5 9 times ( develop$ art belong
 to x2 b !n1 rememb]1 s d all ! base/4  
,! le>n+ ( ! ,academy is inde$ a spl5did
 accessory to orig9al p[]1 9 ,velasquez1
 9 ,titian1 or 9 ,reynolds2 b ! :ole _w 
( art is full ( a base le>n+ ( !        
,academy1 :i*1 :5 fools possess1 !y     
become a t5fold plague ( fools4  ,&     

aga91 a /]n & m or less hopeless        
melan*oly necess>ily is "u-curr5t 9 !   
m9ds ( ! greate/ m5 ( all ages1--(      
,hom]1 ,aes*ylus1 ,p9d>1 or ,%akespe>e4 
,b an e>?y1 s5sual1 & weak despond5cy is
 ! attribute ( ! l[e/ m5tal & bodily    
disease2 & ! imbecilities & lassitudes  
:i* foll[ crime1 bo? 9 nations &        
individuals1 c only f9d a la/ /imulus to
 _! own dy+ s5sation 9 ! fasc9at$       
contemplation ( complet] dea?4  #de4    
,betwe5 ^!--! highe/1 & ^!--! base/1 y h
 e v>iety & comb9ation ( /r5g? & (      
mi/ake3 ! mass ( fooli% p]sons divid+   
!mselves always betwe5 ! two oppositely 
& equally errone\s fai?s1 t g5ius may   
disp5se ) law1 or t law c create g5ius4 
,( ! two1 !re is m excuse =1 & less     
dang] 9 ! fir/ ?an 9 ! second mi/ake4   
,g5ius has sometimes done lovely ?+s )\t
 k & )\t discipl9e4 ,b all ! le>n+ ( !  
,academies has nev] yet drawn s mu* z "o
 fair face1 or ev] set two pleasant     
colors side by side4  #df4 ,n[ !re is "o
 great ,nor!rn pa9t]1 ( :om ,i h n spok5

 till n[1 probably to y\r surprise1     
,rub5s2 ^: p[] is compos$ ( s _m        
elem5ts1 & ^: "* may be illu/rat$ s     
completely1 & ) x ! v>i\s op]ation ( !  
c\nt] s*ools1 by "o ( 8 pictures n[ op5 
to y\r /udy1 t ,i w\ld press y to set   
aside "o ( y\r brighte/ ,ea/] aft]noons 
= ! /udy ( t "o picture 9 ! ,exhibition 
( ,old ,ma/]s1 ! s-call$ ,juno & ,argus1
 ,no4 #chg4  ,s-call$1 ,i say2 = x is n 
a picture ei!r ( ,argus or ( ,juno1 b ! 
portrait ( a ,flemi% lady z ,juno 7j z  
,rub5s pa9t$ 8 family picture ) 8 wife z
 ! ,virg9 & himself z ,/4 ,george73 & a 
good anatomical /udy ( a human body z   
,argus4 ,9 ! days ( ,rub5s1 y mu/       
rememb]1 my?ology 0 ?\ght ( z a m]e     
empty =m ( complim5t or fable1 & !      
orig9al mean+ ( x :olly =gott54 ,rub5s  
nev] dream$ t ,argus is ! night1 or t 8 
eyes are />s2 b ) ! absolutely lit]al & 
brutal "p ( 8 ,dut* nature supposes !   
head ( ,argus full ( real eyes all ov]1 
& repres5ts ,hebe cutt+ !m out ) a      
bloody knife & putt+ "o into ! h& ( !   

goddess1 l an unseemly oy/]4  ,t        
conception ( ! action1 & ! loa?some     
sprawl+ ( ! trunk ( ,argus "u ! *>iot1  
are ! ess5tial contributions ( ,rub5s'  
own ,ne!rl& p]sonality4 ,!n ! re/ ( !   
treatm5t he le>n$ f o!r s*ools1 b adopt$
 ) spl5did p[]4  #dg4 ,fir/1 ,i ?9k1 y  
ought to be /ruck by hav+ two l>ge      
peacocks pa9t$ ) sc>cely any color 9 !m6
 ,!y are ne>ly black1 or black-gre51    
peacocks4 ,n[ y "k t ,rub5s is always   
spok5 ( z a great colori/1 p> excell5ce 
a colori/2 & w\ld y n h expect$ t--be=e 
all ?+s--! fir/ ?+ he w\ld h se5 9 a    
peacock w\ld h be5 gold & blue8 ,he sees
 no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,a peacock1 to him1 is   
ess5tially a d>k bird2 s]p5t-l 9 ! wri?+
 ( ! neck1 cl\d-l 9 ! toss & wave ( its 
plumes4 ,he has da%$ out ! filam5ts ( e 
fea!r ) magnific5t draw+2 he has n giv5 
y "o bright gleam ( gre5 or purple 9 all
 ! two birds4  ,well1 ! reason ( t is t 
,rub5s is n p> excell5ce a colori/2 nay1
 is n ev5 a good colori/4 ,he is a v    
second-rate & co>se colori/2 & !re=e 8  

color cat*es ! l[] public1 & gets talk$ 
ab\t4 ,b he is p> excell5ce a spl5did   
draughtsman ( ! ,greek s*ool2 & no "o   
else1 except ,t9toret1 c\ld h drawn ) ! 
same ease ei!r ! muscles ( ! dead body  
or ! plumes ( ! birds4  #dh4 ,f>!r1 t he
 nev] became a great colori/ does n mean
 t he c\ld n1 _h he *os54 ,he 0 w>p$ f  
color by 8 l[] ,greek in/9cts1 by 8     
animal delight 9 co>se & viol5t =ms &   
sc5es--9 fight+1 9 hunt+1 & 9 torm5ts ( 
m>tyrdom & ( hell3 b he _h ! high] gift 
9 him1 if ! fle% _h n subdu$ x4 ,!re is 
"o "p ( ?is picture :i* he le>n$ h[ to d
 at ,v5ice1 ! ,iris1 ) ! gold5 hair1 9 !
 *>iot beh9d ,juno4 ,9 h] he has put out
 8 full p[]1 "u ! tea*+ ( ,v]onese &    
,titian2 & he has all ! spl5did         
,nor!rn-,go?ic1 ,reynolds or ,ga9sbor\gh
 play ( feature ) ,v5etian color4       
,sc>cely any?+ m beautiful ?an t head1  
or m ma/]ly ?an ! composition ( x1 ) !  
inlaid patt]n ( ,juno's robe bel[1 exi/s
 9 ! art ( any c\ntry4 ,si sic omnia6--b
 ,i "k no?+ else equal to x ?r\gh\t !   

entire works ( ,rub5s4  #di4 ,see1 !n1  
h[ ! picture divides itself4 ,9 ! fle%ly
 bas5ess1 brutality & /upidity ( its ma9
 conception1 is ! ,dut* "p ( x2 t is    
,rub5s' own4 ,9 ! noble draw+ ( ! dead  
body & ( ! birds y h ! ,phidias-,greek  
"p ( x1 br\ght d[n to ,rub5s ?r\gh      
,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,9 ! embroid]y (       
,juno's robe y h ! ,ddalus-,greek "p (  
x1 br\ght d[n to ,rub5s ?r\gh ,v]onese4 
,9 ! head ( ,iris y h ! pure            
,nor!rn-,go?ic "p ( x1 br\ght d[n to    
,rub5s ?r\gh ,giorgione & ,titian4  #ej4
 ,n[1 ?\gh--ev5 if we _h giv5 t5 m9utes 
( digression--! lessons 9 ?is picture   
w\ld h be5 well wor? x1 ,i h n1 9 tak+ y
 to x1 gone out ( my own way4 ,!re is a 
special po9t = u to obs]ve 9 ^? d>k     
peacocks4 ,if y look at ! notes on !    
,v5etian pictures 9 ! end ( my ,/ones ( 
,v5ice1 y w f9d x especially dwelt ^u z 
s+ul> t ,t9toret1 9 8 picture ( ,!      
,nativity1 has a peacock )\t any color 9
 x4 ,& ! reason ( x is also t ,t9toret  
belongs1 ) ! full half ( 8 m9d1 z ,rub5s

 does1 to ! ,greek s*ool4 ,b ! two m5   
rea* ! same po9t by opposite pa?s4      
,t9toret beg9s ) :at ,v5ice taught him1 
& adopt$ :at ,a!ns c\ld tea*3 b ,rub5s  
beg9s ) ,a!ns1 & adopts f ,v5ice4 ,n[ if
 y w look back to my fif? ,lecture#i y w
 f9d x said t ! colori/s c always adopt 
z mu* *i>oscuro z suits !m1 & s become  
p]fect2 b ! *i>oscuri/s _c1 on _! "p1   
adopt color1 except p>tially4 ,&        
accord+ly1 :5ev] ,t9toret *ooses1 he c  
laugh ,rub5s to scorn 9 managem5t (     
light & %ade2 b ,rub5s only "h & !re--z 
f> z ,i "k myself1 only ?is once--t\*es 
,t9toret or ,giorgione 9 color4         
,footnote #i3 ,lectures on ,art 7!      
,inaugural ,c\rse1 #ahgj71  #ach4  #ea4 
,b n[ obs]ve f>!r4 ,! ,greek *i>oscuro1 
,i h j told y1 is by "o body ( m5 pursu$
 academically1 z a means ( express+ =m2 
by ano!r1 tragically1 z a my/]y ( light 
& %ade1 correspond+ to--& =m+ "p (--!   
joy & sorr[ ( life4 ,y may1 ( c\rse1 f9d
 ! two purposes m+l$3 b pure =mal       
*i>oscuro--,m>c ,antonio's &            

,leon>do's--is inconsi/5t ) color1 &    
?\gh x is ?or\ghly necess>y z an        
ex]cise1 x is only z a correct+ & gu>d+ 
"o1 nev] z a basis ( art4  #eb4 ,let me 
be sure1 n[1 t y ?or\ghly und]/& !      
relation ( =mal %ade to color4 ,"h is an
 egg2 "h1 a gre5 clu/] ( leaves2 "h1 a  
bun* ( black grapes4 ,9 =mal *i>oscuro1 
all ^! are to be consid]$ z :ite1 &     
drawn z if !y 7 c>v$ 9 m>ble4 ,9 !      
engrav+ ( ,melan*oly1 :at ,i meant by   
tell+ y x 0 9 =mal *i>oscuro 0 t ! ball 
is :ite1 ! leaves are :ite1 ! dress is  
:ite2 y c't tell :at color any ( ^! /&  
=4 ,on ! contr>y1 to a colori/ ! fir/ "q
 ab\t ev]y?+ is its color4 ,is ?is a    
:ite ?+1 a gre5 ?+1 or a blue ?+8 d[n   
mu/ g my t\* ( :ite1 gre51 or d>k blue  
fir/ ( all2 if aft]w>ds ,i c make !m    
look r\nd1 or l fruit & leaves1 x's all 
v well2 b if ,i c't1 blue or gre5 !y at 
lea/ %all be4  #ec4 ,n[ "h y h exactly !
 ?+ done by ! two ma/]s we are speak+ (4
 ,"h is a copy ( ,turn]'s vignette (    
,m>tigny4 ,?is is :olly a design ( !    

color$ s*ool4 ,"h is a bit ( v9e 9 !    
=egr\nd ) purple grapes2 ! grapes1 s f> 
f be+ drawn z r\nd1 are /ruck 9 ) angul>
 flat spots2 b !y are vividly purple    
spots1 _! :ole vitality & use 9 ! design
 is 9 _! ,tyrian nature4 ,"h1 on !      
contr>y1 is ,dr]'s ,flight into ,egypt1 
) grapes & palm fruit above4 ,bo? are   
:ite2 b bo? engrav$ s z to look ?or\ghly
 r\nd4  #ed4 ,all ! o!r great           
*i>oscuri/s :om ,i nam$ to y--,reynolds1
 ,velasquez1 & ,titian--approa*$ _! %ad[
 also on ! safe side--f ,v5ice3 !y      
always ?9k ( color fir/4 ,b ,turn] _h to
 "w 8 way out ( ! d>k ,greek s*ool up to
 ,v5ice2 he always ?9ks ( 8 %ad[ fir/2 &
 x held him 9 "s degree fatally to !    
end4 ,^? pictures :i* y all laugh$ at 7 
n :at y fanci$1 mad endeavors = color2  
!y 7 agoniz+ ,greek ef=ts to get light4 
,he c\ld h got color easily en\gh if he 
_h re/$ 9 t2 :i* ,i w %[ y 9 next       
,lecture4 ,/ill1 he s ne>ly made himself
 a ,v5etian t1 z oppos$ to ! ,dut*      
academical *i>oscuri/s1 he is to be     

consid]$ a ,v5etian altoge!r4 ,& n[ ,i w
 %[ y1 9 a v simple subject1 ! exact    
opposition ( ! two s*ools4  #ee4 ,"h is 
a /udy ( swans1 f a ,dut* book (        
academical in/ruction 9 ,rub5s' "t4 ,x  
is a good & valuable book 9 _m ways1 & y
 are go+ to h "s copies set y f x4 ,b z 
a type ( academical *i>oscuro x w give y
 mo/ valuable lessons on ! o!r side--(  
w>n+4  ,"h1 !n1 is ! academical         
,dut*man's notion ( a swan4 ,he has     
labori\sly engrav$ e fea!r1 & has r\nd$ 
! bird into a ball2 & has ?\ght to      
himself t nev] swan has be5 s engrav$   
be=e4 ,b he has nev] ) 8 ,dut* eyes     
p]ceiv$ two po9ts 9 a swan :i* are vital
 to x3 fir/1 t x is :ite2 &1 secondly1 t
 x is graceful4 ,he has above all ?+s   
miss$ ! proportion1 & necess>ily !re=e !
 b5d ( its neck4  #ef4 ,n[ take !       
colori/'s view ( ! matt]4 ,to him ! fir/
 ma9 facts ab\t ! swan are t x is a :ite
 ?+ ) black spots4 ,turn] takes "o bru% 
9 8 "r h&1 ) a little :ite 9 x2 ano!r 9 
8 left h&1 ) a little lampblack4 ,he    

takes a piece ( br[n pap]1 works = ab\t 
two m9utes ) 8 :ite bru%1 passes ! black
 to 8 "r h&1 & works half a m9ute ) t1  
&1 !re y are6  ,y w\ld l to be able to  
draw two swans 9 two m9utes & a half    
y\rselves4 ,p]haps s1 & ,i c %[ y h[2 b 
x w ne$ tw5ty ye>s' "w all day long4    
,fir/1 9 ! meantime1 y mu/ draw !m      
rightly1 if x takes two h\rs in/ead (   
two m9utes2 &1 above all1 rememb] t !y  
are black & :ite4  #eg4 ,b f>!r3 y see  
h[ int5sely ,turn] felt precisely :at ! 
,flem+ did n feel--! b5d ( ! neck4 ,n[  
?is is n because ,turn] is a colori/1 z 
oppos$ to ! ,flem+2 b because he is a   
pure & highly tra9$ ,greek1 z oppos$ to 
! ,flem+'s l[ ,greek4 ,bo?1 s f> z !y   
are aim+ at =m1 are n[ work+ 9 ! ,greek 
s*ool ( ,phidias2 b ,turn] is true      
,greek1 = he is ?9k+ only ( ! tru? ab\t 
! swan2 & ,de ,wit is pseudo-,greek1 =  
he is ?9k+ n ( ! swan at all1 b ( 8 own 
,dut* self4 ,& s he has end$ 9 mak+1 ) 8
 ess5tially piggi% nature1 ?is sleep+   
swan's neck z ne>ly z possible l a leg (

 pork4  ,t is ! result ( academical "w1 
9 ! h&s ( a vulg> p]son4  #eh4 ,& n[ ,i 
w ask y to look c>efully at ?ree m      
pictures 9 ! ,london ,exhibition4  ,!   
fir/1 ,! ,nativity1 by ,s&ro            
,botticelli4#aj ,x is an e>ly "w by him2
 b a q p]fect example ( :at ! ma/]s ( ! 
pure ,greek s*ool did 9 ,flor5ce4       
,footnote #aj3 ,n[ 9 ! ,national        
,gall]y1 ,no4 #ajcd4  ,"o ( ! ,greek ma9
 *>act]s1 y "k1 is to be ,greek3        
aprospos1 faceless4 ,if y look fir/ at !
 faces 9 ?is picture y w f9d !m         
ugly--(t5 )\t expression1 always ill or 
c>elessly drawn4 ,! entire purpose ( !  
picture is a my/ic symbolism by motion &
 *i>oscuro4 ,by motion1 fir/4 ,!re is a 
dome ( burn+ cl\ds 9 ! upp] heav54      
,twelve angels half float1 half dance1 9
 a circle1 r\nd ! l[] vault ( x4 ,all _!
 drap]y is drift$ s z to make y feel !  
:irlw9d ( _! motion4 ,!y are se5 by     
gleams ( silv]y or fi]y light1 reliev$  
aga9/ an equally light$ blue (          
inimitable dep? & lovel9ess4  ,x is     

impossible = y ev] to see a m noble "w (
 passionate ,greek *i>oscuro--rejoic+ 9 
light4 ,f ?is ,i %\ld l y to g in/antly 
to ,rembr&t's ,portrait ( a ,burgoma/]  
7,no4 #gg 9 ! ,exhibition ( ,old        
,ma/]s74  #ei4 ,t is ignobly passionate 
*i>oscuro1 rejoic+ 9 d>kness r ?an      
light4  ,y _c see a f9] "w by ,rembr&t4 
,x has all 8 p[] ( r5d]+ "*1 & !        
portrait is celebrat$ ?r\gh ! _w4 ,b x  
is entirely second-rate "w4 ,! "* 9 !   
face is only /rik+ to p]sons :o l       
c&le-light effects bett] ?an sun%9e2 any
 head by ,titian has twice ! "*1 & se5  
by daylight in/ead ( gas4 ,! re/ ( !    
picture is z false 9 light & %ade z x is
 pret5ti\s1 made up *iefly ( gleam+     
buttons 9 places :]e no light c\ld      
possibly rea* !m2 & ( an emboss$ belt on
 ! %\ld]1 :i* p ?9k f9ely pa9t$ because 
x is all ov] lumps ( color1 n "o ( :i* 0
 necess>y4 ,t emboss$ execution (       
,rembr&t's is j z mu* ignorant "w z !   
emboss$ project+ jewels ( ,c>lo         
,crivelli2 a real pa9t] nev] loads 7see 

! ,velasquez1 ,no4 #dae 9 ! same        
exhibition74  #fj4 ,f9ally1 f ! ,rembr&t
 g to ! little ,cima 7,no4 #ic71 ,/4    
,m>k4 ,?us y h ! ,s&ro ,botticelli1 ( ! 
noble ,greek s*ool 9 ,flor5ce2 !        
,rembr&t1 ( ! debas$ ,greek s*ool 9     
,holl&2 & ! ,cima1 ( ! pure color s*ool 
( ,v5ice4  ,! ,cima diff]s f ! ,rembr&t1
 by be+ lovely2 f ! ,botticelli1 by be+ 
simple & calm4 ,! pa9t] does n desire ! 
excitem5t ( rapid movem5t1 nor ev5 !    
passion ( beautiful light4 ,b he hates  
d>kness z he does dea?2 & falsehood m   
?an ei!r4 ,he has pa9t$ a noble human   
creature simply 9 cle> daylight2 n 9    
rapture1 nor yet 9 agony4 ,he is dress$ 
nei!r 9 a ra9b[1 nor b$raggl$ ) blood4  
,y are nei!r to be al>m$ nor ent]ta9$ by
 any?+ t is likely to happ5 to him4 ,y  
are n to be improv$ by ! piety ( 8      
expression1 nor disgu/$ by its          
trucul5ce4 ,b !re is m true ma/]y (     
light & %ade1 if y\r eye is subtle en\gh
 to see x1 9 ! holl[s & angles ( !      
ar*itecture & folds ( ! dress1 ?an 9 all

 ! et*+s ( ,rembr&t put toge!r4 ,!      
unexcit+ color w n at fir/ delight y2 b 
its *>m w nev] fail2 & f all ! works (  
v>i\sly /ra9$ & obtrusive p[] ) :i* x is
 surr\nd$1 y w f9d t y nev] return to x 
b ) a s5se ( relief & ( peace1 :i* c    
only be giv5 y by ! t5d] skill :i* is   
:olly )\t pret5se1 )\t pride1 & )\t     
error4     ,,iii4  ,,color4   #fa4 ,!   
di/9ctions betwe5 s*ools ( art :i* ,i h 
s (t5 ask$ y to obs]ve are1 y mu/ be    
aw>e1 f\nd$ only on ! excess ( c]ta9    
qualities 9 "o gr\p ( pa9t]s ov] ano!r1 
or ! diff]5ce 9 _! t5d5cies2 & n 9 !    
absolute possession by "o gr\p1 & abs5ce
 9 ! re/1 ( any giv5 skill4 ,b ?is      
impossibility ( draw+ tr5*ant l9es (    
p>t+ ne$ nev] int]f]e ) ! di/9ctness (  
our conception ( ! oppon5t pr9ciples :i*
 balance ea* o!r 9 great m9ds1 or       
p>alyze ea* o!r 9 weak ones2 & ,i _c too
 (t5 urge y to keep cle>ly sep>ate 9 y\r
 ?\ghts ! s*ool :i* ,i h call$#aa (     
,cry/al1 because its di/9ctive virtue is
 se5 unaid$ 9 ! %>p sep>ations &        

prismatic h>monies ( pa9t$ glass1 & !   
o!r1 ! ,s*ool ( ,clay1 because its      
di/9ctive virtue is se5 9 ! qualities ( 
any f9e "w 9 uncolor$ t]ra cotta1 & 9 e 
draw+ :i* repres5ts !m4  ,footnote #aa3 
,lectures on ,art1 #ahgj1  #ahe4  #fb4  
,y "k ,i sometimes speak ( ^! g5]ally z 
! ,go?ic & ,greek s*ools1 sometimes z ! 
colori/ & *i>oscuri/4 ,all ^!           
oppositions are liable to inf9ite       
qualification & gradation1 z betwe5     
species ( animals2 & y mu/ n be tr\bl$1 
!re=e1 if sometimes mom5t>y             
contradictions seem to arise 9 exam9+   
special po9ts4 ,nay1 ! modes (          
opposition 9 ! greate/ m5 are inlaid &  
complex2 difficult to expla91 ?\gh 9    
!mselves cle>4 ,?us y "k 9 y\r /udy (   
sculpture we saw t ! ess5tial aim ( !   
,greek art 0 tranquil action2 ! *ief aim
 ( ,go?ic art 0 passionate re/1 a peace1
 an et]nity ( int5se s5tim5t4 ,z ,i g   
into detail1 ,i %all cont9ually !re=e h 
to oppose ,go?ic passion to ,greek      
temp]ance2 yet ,go?ic rigidity1 ,greek3 

/asis ( ,greek3 ek/asis1 to ,greek      
action & ,greek3 eleu!ria4 ,y see h[    
d\bly1 h[ intimately1 oppos$ ! ideas    
are2 yet h[ difficult to expla9 )\t     
app>5t contradiction4  #fc4 ,n[1 to-day1
 ,i mu/ gu>d y c>efully aga9/ a         
misappreh5sion ( ?is k9d4 ,i h told y t 
! ,greeks z ,greeks made real & mat]ial 
:at 0 be=e indef9ite2 !y turn$ ! cl\ds &
 ! lightn+ ( ,m\nt ,i?ome into ! human  
fle% & eagle ^u ! ext5d$ arm ( !        
,mess5ian ,zeus4 ,& yet1 be+ 9 all ?+s  
set ^u absolute v]acity & realization1  
!y p]ceive z !y "w & ?9k =w>d t to see 9
 all ?+s truly is to see 9 all ?+s dimly
 & ?r\gh hid+ ( cl\d & fire4  ,s t !    
s*ools ( ,cry/al1 vision>y1 passionate1 
& fanta/ic 9 purpose1 are1 9 me?od1     
tr5*antly =mal & cle>2 & ! s*ools (     
,clay1 absolutely reali/ic1 temp]ate1 & 
simple 9 purpose1 are1 9 me?od1 my/]i\s 
& s(t2 sometimes lic5ti\s1 sometimes    
t]rific1 & always obscure4              
,illu/ration3 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4  ,f 
! pa9t+ by ,filippo ,lippi4  #fd4 ,look 

once m at ?is ,greek danc+-girl1 :i* is 
f a t]ra cotta1 & !re=e int5sely ( !    
s*ool ( ,clay2 look at h] beside ?is    
,madonna ( ,filippo ,lippi's3 ,greek    
motion aga9/ ,go?ic absolute quietness2 
,greek indiff]5ce--danc+ c>eless--aga9/ 
,go?ic passion1 ! "m's--:at ^w c ,i use 
except fr5zy ( love2 ,greek fle%l9ess   
aga9/ hungry wa/+ ( ! self-=getful body2
 ,greek s(tness ( diffus$ %ad[ & ductile
 curve1 aga9/ ,go?ic lucidity ( color & 
acut5ess ( angle2 & ,greek simplicity & 
cold v]acity aga9/ ,go?ic rapture (     
tru/$ vision4  #fe4 ,& n[ ,i may safely1
 ,i ?9k1 g into our "w ( to-day )\t     
confus+ y1 except only 9 ?is4 ,y w f9d  
me cont9ually speak+ ( f\r m5--,titian1 
,holbe91 ,turn]1 & ,t9toret--9 almo/ !  
same t]ms4 ,!y unite e quality2 &       
sometimes y w f9d me ref]r+ to !m z     
colori/s1 sometimes z *i>oscuri/s4 ,only
 rememb] ?is1 t ,holbe9 & ,turn] are    
,greek *i>oscuri/s1 ne>ly p]fect by     
adopt$ color2 ,titian & ,t9toret are    
ess5tially ,go?ic colori/s1 q p]fect by 

adopt$ *i>oscuro4  #ff4 ,i us$ ! ^w     
prismatic j n[ ( ! s*ools ( ,cry/al1 z  
be+ iridesc5t4 ,by be+ /udi\s ( color !y
 are /udi\s ( division2 & :ile !        
*i>oscuri/ devotes himself to !         
repres5tation ( degrees ( =ce 9 "o      
?+--unsep>at$ light1 ! colori/s h = _!  
function ! atta9m5t ( beauty by         
arrangem5t ( ! divisions ( light4 ,&    
!re=e1 prim>ily1 !y mu/ be able to      
divide2 s t elem5t>y ex]cises 9 color   
mu/ be direct$1 l fir/ ex]cises 9 music1
 to ! cle> sep>ation ( notes2 & ! f9al  
p]fections ( color are ^? 9 :i*1 (      
innum]able notes or hues1 e "o has a    
di/9ct (fice1 & c be fa/5$ on by ! eye1 
& approv$1 z fulfill+ x4  #fg4 ,i d n   
d\bt t x has (t5 be5 matt] ( wond] among
 any ( y :o _h fai? 9 my judgm5t1 :y ,i 
gave to ! ,univ]sity1 z *>act]i/ic (    
,turn]'s "w1 ! simple & at fir/         
unattractive draw+s ( ! ,loire s]ies4   
,my fir/ & pr9cipal reason 0 t !y en=c$ 
beyond all resi/ance1 on any /ud5t :o   
might attempt to copy !m1 ?is me?od (   

lay+ portions ( di/9ct hue side by side4
 ,"s ( ! t\*es1 inde$1 :5 ! t9t has be5 
mix$ ) mu* wat]1 h be5 laid 9 little    
drops or ponds1 s t ! pigm5t might      
cry/allize h>d at ! edge4 ,& "o ( ! *ief
 delights :i* any "o :o really enjoys   
pa9t+ f9ds 9 t art z di/9ct f sculpture 
is 9 ?is exquisite inlay+ or jo9]'s "w (
 x1 ! fitt+ ( edge to edge ) a manual   
skill precisely correspond5t to ! close 
application ( cr[d$ notes )\t ! lea/    
slur1 9 f9e h>p or piano play+4  #fh4 ,9
 _m ( ! f9e/ works ( color on a l>ge    
scale !re is ev5 "s admission ( !       
quality giv5 to a pa9t$ w9d[ by ! d>k   
lead b>s betwe5 ! pieces ( glass4 ,bo?  
,t9toret & ,v]onese1 :5 !y pa9t on d>k  
gr\nds1 cont9ually /op %ort ) _! t9ts j 
be=e !y t\* o!rs1 leav+ ! d>k gr\nd %[+ 
betwe5 9 a n>r[ b>4 ,9 ! ,paul ,v]onese 
9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 y w e "h & !re   
f9d pieces ( outl9e1 l ?is ( ,holbe9's2 
:i* y w\ld suppose 7 drawn1 z t is1 ) a 
br[n p5cil4 ,b no6 ,look close1 & y w   
f9d !y are ! d>k gr\nd1 left betwe5 two 

t9ts br\ght close to ea* o!r )\t t\*+4  
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,lady ,,) ,,!        
,,broo*4  ,f ! pa9t+ by ,reynolds4  #fi4
 ,x foll[s also f ?is law ( con/ruction 
t any ma/] :o c color c always d any    
pane ( 8 w9d[ t he likes1 sep>ately f ! 
re/4 ,?us1 y see1 "h is "o ( ,sir       
,jo%ua's fir/ sitt+s3 ! head is v ne>ly 
done ) ! fir/ color2 a piece ( backgr\nd
 is put 9 r\nd x3 8 sitt] has _h a      
pretty silv] broo* on1 :i* ,reynolds1   
hav+ done z mu* z he *ose to ! face = t 
"t1 pa9ts quietly 9 its place bel[1     
leav+ ! dress betwe5 to be fitt$ 9      
aft]w>ds2 & he puts a little pat* ( !   
yell[ g[n t is to be1 at ! side4 ,& x   
foll[s also f ?is law ( con/ruction t   
!re mu/ nev] be any hesitation or       
rep5tance 9 ! direction ( y\r l9es (    
limit4 ,s t n only 9 ! beautiful        
dext]ity ( ! jo9]'s "w1 b 9 ! necessity 
( cutt+ out ea* piece ( color at once & 
=ev] 7=1 ?\gh y c correct an errone\s   
junction ( black & :ite because ! gray  
betwe5 has ! nature ( ei!r1 y _c correct

 an errone\s junction ( r$ & gre5 :i*   
make a neutral betwe5 !m1 if !y ov]lap1 
t is nei!r r$ nor gre573 ?us ! practice 
( color educates at once 9 neatness ( h&
 & di/9ctness ( w2 s t1 z ,i wrote long 
ago 9 ! ?ird volume ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 y 
are always safe if y hold ! h& ( a      
colori/4  #gj4 ,i h br\ght y a little   
sket* to-day f ! =egr\nd ( a ,v5etian   
picture1 9 :i* !re is a bit t w %[ y ?is
 precision ( me?od4 ,x is ! head ( a    
p>rot ) a little fl[] 9 8 beak f a      
picture ( ,c>paccio's1 "o ( 8 s]ies ( ! 
,life ( ,/4 ,george4 ,i c\ld n get !    
curves ( ! leaves1 & !y are pat*$ &     
spoil$2 b ! p>rot's head1 h[ev] badly   
done1 is put d[n ) no m t\*es ?an !     
,v5etian gave x1 & x w %[ y exactly 8   
me?od4 ,fir/1 a ?91 w>m gr\nd _h be5    
laid ov] ! :ole canvas1 :i* ,c>paccio   
want$ z an "u-curr5t ?r\gh all ! color1 
j z !re is an "u-curr5t ( gray 9 !      
,loire draw+s4 ,!n on ?is he /rikes 8   
p>rot 9 v]milion1 almo/ flat color2     
r\nd+ a little only ) a glaze ( lake2 b 

att5d+ ma9ly to get ! "* ( ! bird by !  
pure outl9e ( its =m1 z if x 7 cut out (
 a piece ( ruby glass4  ,!n he comes to 
! beak ( x4 ,! br[n gr\nd b5ea? is left1
 = ! mo/ "p2 "o t\* ( black is put = !  
holl[2 two delicate l9es ( d>k gray     
def9e ! out] curve2 & "o little quiv]+  
t\* ( :ite draws ! inn] edge ( ! m&ible4
 ,!re are j f\r t\*es--f9e z ! f9e/     
p5man%ip--to d t beak2 & yet y w f9d t 9
 ! peculi> p>oquetti% mumbl+ & nibbl+   
action ( x1 & all ! "* 9 :i* ?is nibbl+ 
beak diff]s f ! te>+ beak ( ! eagle1 x  
is impossible to g f>!r or be m precise4
 ,& ?is is only an incid5t1 rememb]1 9 a
 l>ge picture4  #ga4 ,let me notice1 9  
pass+1 ! inf9ite absurdity ( ev] hang+  
,v5etian pictures above ! l9e ( sight4  
,!re are v few p]sons 9 ! room :o w be  
able to see ! draw+ ( ?is bird's beak   
)\t a magnify+-glass2 yet x is t5 to "o 
t 9 any mod]n gall]y su* a picture w\ld 
be hung ?irty feet f ! gr\nd4  ,"h1     
aga91 is a little bit to %[ ,c>paccio's 
execution4 ,x is 8 signature3 only a    

little wall-liz>d1 hold+ ! pap] 9 its   
m\?1 p]fect2 yet s small t y c sc>cely  
see its feet1 & t ,i c\ld n1 ) my       
f9e/-po9t$ bru%1 copy _! /eal?y action4 
#gb4 ,& n[1 ,i ?9k1 ! memb]s ( my class 
w m readily p>don ! int5sely irksome "w 
,i put !m to1 ) ! compasses & ! rul]4   
,measurem5t & precision are1 ) me1 be=e 
all ?+s2 j because1 ?\gh myself tra9$   
:olly 9 ! *i>oscuro s*ools1 ,i "k !     
value ( color2 & ,i want y to beg9 )    
color 9 ! v outset1 & to see ev]y?+ z   
*ildr5 w\ld see x4 ,=1 believe me1 !    
f9al philosophy ( art c only ratify _!  
op9ion t ! beauty ( a cock rob9 is to be
 r$1 & ( a grass-plot to be gre52 & !   
be/ skill ( art is 9 in/antly seiz+ on !
 manifold delici\sness ( light1 :i* y c 
only seize by precision ( in/antane\s   
t\*4 ,( c\rse1 ,i _c d s myself2 yet 9  
^! sket*es ( m9e1 made = ! sake ( color1
 !re is en\gh to %[ y ! nature & ! value
 ( ! me?od4 ,!y are two pieces ( /udy ( 
! color ( m>ble ar*itecture1 ! t9ts     
lit]ally edifi$1 & laid edge to edge z  

simply on ! pap] z ! /ones are on !     
walls4  #gc4 ,b please note 9 !m "o ?+  
especially4 ,! te/+ rule ,i gave = good 
color 9 ! ,elem5ts ( ,draw+1 is t y make
 ! :ite preci\s & ! black conspicu\s4   
,n[ y w see 9 ^! /udies t ! mom5t ! :ite
 is inclos$ prop]ly1 & h>moniz$ ) ! o!r 
hues1 x becomes someh[ m preci\s & pe>ly
 ?an ! :ite pap]2 & t ,i am n afraid to 
leave a :ole field ( untreat$ :ite pap] 
all r\nd x1 be+ sure t ev5 ! little     
diamonds 9 ! r\nd w9d[ w tell z jewels1 
if !y are gradat$ ju/ly4  ,aga91 !re is 
n a t\* ( black 9 any %ad[1 h[ev] deep1 
( ^! two /udies2 s t1 if ,i *ose to put 
a piece ( black ne> !m1 x w\ld be       
conspicu\s ) a v5geance4  ,b 9 ?is      
vignette1 copi$ f ,turn]1 y h ! two     
pr9ciples br\ght out p]fectly4 ,y h !   
:ite ( foam+ wat]1 ( build+s & cl\ds1   
br\ght out brilliantly f a :ite gr\nd2 &
 ?\gh "p ( ! subject is 9 deep %ad[ !   
eye at once cat*es ! "o black po9t      
admitt$ 9 front4  #gd4 ,well1 ! fir/    
reason t ,i gave y ^! ,loire draw+s 0   

?is ( _! infallible decision2 ! second 0
 _! extreme mode/y 9 color4 ,!y are1    
beyond all o!r works t ,i "k exi/+1     
dep5d5t = _! effect on l[1 subdu$ tones2
 _! favorite *oice 9 "t ( day be+ ei!r  
dawn or twilight1 & ev5 _! brighte/     
sunsets produc$ *iefly out ( gray pap]4 
,?is la/1 ! lovelie/ ( all1 gives ! w>m?
 ( a summ] twilight ) a t+e ( color on !
 gray pap] s slight t x may be a "q ) "s
 ( y :e!r any is !re4 ,& ,i mu/ beg y to
 obs]ve1 & receive z a rule )\t any     
exception1 t :e!r color be gay or sad ! 
value ( x dep5ds nev] on viol5ce1 b     
always on subtlety4 ,x may be t a great 
colori/ w use 8 utmo/ =ce ( color1 z a  
s+] 8 full p[] ( voice2 b1 l\d or l[1 ! 
virtue is 9 bo? cases always 9 ref9em5t1
 nev] 9 l\dness4 ,! we/ w9d[ ( ,*>tres  
is b$ropp$ ) crimson deep] ?an blood2 b 
x is z s(t z x is deep1 & z quiet z !   
light ( dawn4  #ge4 ,i say1 :e!r color  
be gay or sad4 ,x mu/1 rememb]1 be "o or
 ! o!r4 ,y "k ,i told y t ! pure ,go?ic 
s*ool ( color 0 entirety *e]ful2 t1 z   

appli$ to l&scape1 x assumes t all      
nature is lovely1 & may be cle>ly se52 t
 de/ruction & decay are accid5ts ( our  
pres5t /ate1 nev] to be ?\ght ( s]i\sly1
 &1 above all ?+s1 nev] to be pa9t$2 b t
 :atev] is ord]ly1 heal?y1 radiant1     
fruitful & beautiful1 is to be lov$ )   
all our he>ts & pa9t$ ) all our skill4  
#gf4 ,i told y also t no complete sy/em 
( art = ei!r natural hi/ory or l&scape  
c\ld be =m$ on ?is sy/em2 t ! wra? ( a  
wild bea/1 & ! toss+ ( a m\nta9 torr5t  
are equally impossible to a pa9t] ( !   
puri/ s*ool2 t 9 high] fields ( ?\ght   
increas+ k means increas+ sorr[1 & e art
 :i* has complete sympa?y ) humanity mu/
 be *a/5$ by ! sight & oppress$ by !    
memory ( pa94 ,b !re is no reason :y y\r
 sy/em ( /udy %\ld be a complete "o1 if 
x be "r & pr(itable ?\gh incomplete4 ,if
 y c f9d x 9 y\r he>ts to foll[ out only
 ! ,go?ic ?\ghts ( l&scape1 ,i deeply   
wi% y w\ld1 & = _m reasons4  #gg4 ,fir/1
 x has nev] yet receiv$ due developm5t2 
= at ! mom5t :5 arti/ic skill & k (     

effect became suffici5t to complete its 
purposes1 ! ,re=mation de/roy$ ! fai? 9 
:i* !y might h be5 accompli%$2 = to !   
:ole body ( p[]ful draughtsm5 !         
,re=mation meant ! ,greek s*ool & ! %ad[
 ( dea?4 ,s t ( exquisitely develop$    
,go?ic l&scape y may c\nt ! examples on 
! f+]s ( y\r h&3 ,van ,eyck's ,adoration
 ( ! ,lamb at ,bruges2 ano!r little ,van
 ,eyck 9 ! ,l\vre2 ! ,john ,bell9i      
lately pres5t$ to ! ,national           
,gall]y2#ab ano!r ,john ,bell9i 9 ,rome3
 & ! ,/4 ,george ( ,c>paccio at ,v5ice1 
are all t ,i c "n myself ( great works4 
,b !re exi/ "s exquisite1 ?\gh feebl]1  
designs 9 missal pa9t+2 ( :i*1 9 ,engl&1
 ! l&scape & fl[]s 9 ! ,psalt] ( ,h5ry !
 ,six? w s]ve y = a suffici5t type2 !   
l&scape 9 ! ,grimani missal at ,v5ice   
be+ monum5tally typical & p]fect4       
,footnote #ab3 ,no4 #hab4 ,l&scape1 ) ! 
,dea? ( ,/4 ,pet] ,m>tyr4  #gh4 ,n[ =   
y\r own practice 9 ?is1 hav+ fir/       
acquir$ ! skill ( exquisite del9eation &
 lay+ ( pure color1 day by day y mu/    

draw "s lovely natural =m or fl[] or    
animal )\t obscurity--z 9 missal pa9t+2 
*oos+ = /udy1 9 natural sc5es1 only :at 
is beautiful & /rong 9 life4  #gi4 ,i   
fully anticipat$1 at ! beg9n+ ( !       
,pre-,raphaelite movem5t1 t !y w\ld h   
c>ri$ =w>d ?is me?od ( "w2 b !y broke   
!mselves to pieces by pursu+ dramatic   
s5sation in/ead ( beauty4 ,s t to ?is   
day all ! lovelie/ ?+s 9 ! _w rema9     
unpa9t$2 & al?\gh we h occasionally     
spasmodic ef=ts & fits ( en?usiasm1 &   
gre5 mead[s & apple-blossom to sp>e1 x  
yet rema9s a fact t n 9 all ?is ,engl&1 
& /ill less 9 ,france1 h y a pa9t] :o   
has be5 able nobly to pa9t s mu* z a    
h$ge ( wild roses or a =e/ glade full ( 
anemones or wood-sorrel4  #hj4 ,"o      
reason ( ?is has be5 ! idea t su* "w 0  
easy1 on ! "p ( ! "y m5 :o attempt$ x1 &
 ! total vulg>ity & want ( education 9 !
 great body ( abl] arti/s1 r5d]+ !m     
ins5sitive to qualities ( f9e           
del9eation2 ! univ]sal law = !m be+ t !y
 c draw a pig1 b n a ,v5us4 ,= in/ance1 

two l&scape-pa9t]s ( mu* reputation 9   
,engl&1 & "o ( !m 9 ,france also--,david
 ,cox & ,john ,con/able1 repres5t a =m (
 blunt & untra9$ faculty :i* 9 be+ v    
frank & simple1 app>5tly p[]ful1 & ne$+ 
no ?\ght1 intellig5ce or tr\ble :atev]  
to obs]ve1 & be+ :olly disord]ly1       
slov5ly & lic5ti\s1 & !re9 meet+ )      
in/ant sympa?y f ! disord]ly public m9d 
n[ res5tful ( e trammel & ignorant ( e  
law--^! two m51 ,i say1 repres5t 9 _!   
int5sity ! qualities adv]se to all      
accurate sci5ce or skill 9 l&scape art2 
_! "w be+ ! m]e blund]+ ( clev]         
peasants1 & des]v+ no "n :atev] 9 any   
s*ool ( true practice1 b consummately   
mis*iev\s--fir/1 9 its easy satisfaction
 ( ! pa9t]'s own self-complac5cies1 & !n
 9 ! pret5se ( ability :i* bl9ds !      
public to all ! virtue ( pati5ce & to   
all ! difficulty ( precision4 ,!re is m 
real relation to ! great s*ools ( art1 m
 fell[%ip ) ,bell9i & ,titian1 9 !      
humble/ pa9t] ( lett]s on village       
signbo>ds ?an 9 m5 l ^!4  ,d n1 !re=e1  

?9k t ! ,go?ic s*ool is an easy "o4 ,y  
might m easily fill a h\se ) pictures l 
,con/able's f g>ret to cell>1 ?an       
imitate "o clu/] ( leaves by ,van ,eyck 
or ,giotto2 & among all ! ef=ts t h be5 
made to pa9t our common wild-fl[]s1 ,i h
 only once--& t 9 ?is v ye>1 j 9 "t to  
%[ x to y--se5 ! ?+ done rightly4  #ha4 
,b n[ obs]ve3 ,^! fl[]s1 beautiful z !y 
are1 are n ( ! ,go?ic s*ool4 ,! law ( t 
s*ool is t ev]y?+ %all be se5 cle>ly1 or
 at lea/1 only 9 su* mi/ or fa9tness z  
%all be delightful2 & ,i h no d\bt t !  
be/ introduction to x w\ld be ! elem5t>y
 practice ( pa9t+ e /udy on a gold5     
gr\nd4 ,?is at once compels y to und]/& 
t ! "w is to be imag9ative & decorative2
 t x repres5ts beautiful ?+s 9 ! cle>e/ 
way1 b n "u exi/+ conditions2 & t1 9    
fact1 y are produc+ jewel]'s "w1 r ?an  
pictures4 ,!n ! qualities ( grace 9     
design become p>am\nt to e o!r2 & y may 
aft]w>ds sub/itute cle> sky = ! gold5   
backgr\nd )\t dang] ( loss or sacrifice 
( sy/em3 cle> sky ( gold5 light1 or deep

 & full blue1 = ! full blue ( ,titian is
 j z mu* a piece ( conv5tional enamel$  
backgr\nd z if x 7 a plate ( gold2 t    
dep? ( blue 9 relation to =egr\nd       
objects be+ :olly impossible4  #hb4 ,!re
 is ano!r imm5se advantage 9 ?is        
,byzant9e & ,go?ic ab/raction ( decisive
 =m1 :5 x is jo9$ ) a fai?ful desire (  
:atev] tru? c be express$ on n>r[       
conditions4 ,x makes u obs]ve ! vital   
po9ts 9 :i* "* consi/s1 & educates ! eye
 & m9d 9 ! habit ( fa/5+ & limit+       
!mselves to ess5tials4 ,9 complete      
draw+1 "o is cont9ually liable to be l$ 
aside f ! ma9 po9ts by picturesque      
accid5ts ( light & %ade2 9 ,go?ic draw+ 
y mu/ get ! "*1 if at all1 by a ke5ness 
( analysis :i* mu/ be 9 con/ant ex]cise4
  #hc4 ,& "h ,i mu/ beg ( y v e>ne/ly1  
once = all1 to cle> y\r m9ds ( any      
misappreh5sion ( ! nature ( ,go?ic art1 
z if x impli$ error & weakness1 in/ead (
 sev]ity4 ,t a /yle is re/ra9$ or sev]e 
does n mean t x is also errone\s4 ,mu*  
mis*ief has be5 done--endless           

misappreh5sion induc$ 9 ?is matt]--by ! 
blund]+ religi\s pa9t]s ( ,g]many1 :o h 
become examples ( ! opposite error f our
 ,engli% pa9t]s ( ! ,con/able gr\p4 ,our
 un$ucat$ m5 "w too bluntly to be ev] 9 
! "r2 b ! ,g]mans draw f9ely &          
resolutely wrong4 ,"h is a ,riposo (    
,ov]beck's = in/ance1 :i* ! pa9t] imag9$
 to be elevat$ 9 /yle because he _h     
drawn x )\t light & %ade1 & ) absolute  
decision3 & s f>1 inde$1 x is ,go?ic    
en\gh2 b x is sep>at$ ev]la/+ly f ,go?ic
 & f all o!r liv+ "w1 because ! pa9t] 0 
too va9 to look at any?+ he _h to pa9t1 
& drew e mass ( 8 drap]y 9 l9es t 7 z   
impossible z !y 7 /iff1 & /ret*$ out !  
limbs ( 8 ,madonna 9 actions z unlikely 
z !y are uncom=table4  ,9 all e>ly      
,go?ic art1 inde$1 y w f9d failure ( ?is
 k9d1 especially di/ortion & rigidity1  
:i* are 9 _m respects pa9fully to be    
comp>$ ) ! spl5did repose ( classic art4
 ,b ! di/ortion is n ,go?ic2 ! int5sity1
 ! ab/raction1 ! =ce ( "* are1 & !      
beauty ( color4  #hd4 ,"h is a v        

imp]fect1 b illu/rative bord] ( fl[]s & 
animals on a gold5 gr\nd4 ,! l>ge lett] 
conta9s1 inde$1 entirely feeble &       
ill-drawn figures3 t is m]ely *ildi% &  
fail+ "w ( an inf]ior h&2 x is n        
*>act]i/ic ( ,go?ic1 or any o!r s*ool4  
,b ?is peacock1 be+ drawn ) int5se      
delight 9 blue1 on gold1 & gett+ "* (   
peacock 9 ! g5]al %>p outl9e1 in/ead    
(--z ,rub5s' peacocks--9 black %ad[1 is 
di/9ctively ,go?ic ( f9e /yle4  #he4 ,i 
wi% y !re=e to beg9 y\r /udy ( natural  
hi/ory & l&scape by disc]n+ ! simple    
outl9es & ! pleasant colors ( ?+s2 & to 
re/ 9 !m z long z y c4 ,b1 obs]ve1 y c  
only d ?is on "o condition--t ( /riv+   
also to create1 9 reality1 ! beauty :i* 
y seek 9 imag9ation4 ,x w be :olly      
impossible = y to reta9 ! tranquillity (
 temp] & felicity ( fai? necess>y =     
noble puri/ pa9t+1 unless y are actively
 engag$ 9 promot+ ! felicity & peace (  
practical life4 ,none ( ?is bright      
,go?ic art 0 ev] done b ei!r by fai? 9 !
 atta9abl5ess ( felicity 9 heav51 or "u 

conditions ( real ord] & delicate       
lovel9ess on ! e>?4  #hf4 ,z long z ,i c
 possibly keep y among !m1 !re y %all   
/ay--among ! almond & apple blossom4 ,b 
if y g on into ! v]acities ( ! s*ool (  
,clay1 y w f9d !re is some?+ at ! roots 
( almond & apple trees1 :i* is--,?is4 ,y
 mu/ look at him 9 ! face--fight        
him--conqu] him ) :at sca! y may3 y ne$ 
n ?9k to keep out ( ! way ( him4 ,!re is
 ,turn]'s ,dragon2 !re is ,mi*ael       
,angelo's2 !re1 a v little "o (         
,c>paccio's4 ,e s\l ( !m _h to und]/& ! 
creature1 & v e>ne/ly4  #hg4 ,n t       
,mi*ael ,angelo und]/&s 8 dragon z !    
o!rs d4 ,he 0 n en\gh a colori/ ei!r to 
cat* ! po9ts ( ! creature's aspect1 or  
to feel ! same hatr$ ( !m2 b ,i confess 
myself always amaz$ 9 look+ at ,mi*ael  
,angelo's "w "h or else:]e1 at 8 total  
c>elessness ( anatomical "* except only 
9 ! human body4 ,x is v easy to r\nd a  
dragon's neck1 if ! only idea y h ( x is
 t x is virtually no m ?an a coil$      
sausage2 &1 besides1 anybody c r\nd     

any?+ if y h full scale f :ite high     
light to black %ad[4  #hh4 ,b look "h at
 ,c>paccio1 ev5 9 my copy4 ,! colori/   
says1 ,fir/ ( all1 z my delici\s p>oquet
 0 ruby1 s ?is na/y vip] %all be black2 
& !n is ! "q1 ,c ,i r\nd him (f1 ev5    
?\gh he is black1 & make him slimy1 &   
yet spr+y1 & close d[n--clott$ l a pool 
( black blood on ! e>?--all ! same8     
,look at him beside ,mi*ael ,angelo's1 &
 !n tell me ! ,v5etians c't draw6 ,&    
also1 ,c>paccio does x ) a t\*1 ) "o    
sweep ( 8 bru%2 ?ree m9utes at ! mo/    
all[$ = all ! bea/2 :ile ,mi*ael ,angelo
 has be5 haggl+ at ?is dragon's neck =  
an h\r4  #hi4 ,!n note also 9 ,turn]'s t
 cl++ to ! e>?--! specialty ( him--il   
gran nemico1 ! great enemy1 ,plutus4 ,8 
claws are l ! ,clefts ( ! ,rock2 8      
%\ld]s l its p9nacles2 8 belly deep into
 its e fissure--glu$ d[n--load$ d[n2 8  
bat's w+s _c lift him1 !y are rudim5t>y 
w+s only4  #ij4 ,be=e ,i tell y :at he  
means himself1 y mu/ "k :at all ?is     
smoke ab\t him means4  ,no?+ w be m     

preci\s to y1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! practical /udy
 ( art1 ?an ! conviction1 :i* w =ce     
itself on y m & m e h\r1 ( ! way all ?+s
 are b\nd toge!r1 little & great1 9 _s &
 9 matt]4 ,s t if y get once ! "r clue  
to any gr\p ( !m1 x w grasp ! simple/1  
yet rea* to ! highe/ tru?s4 ,y "k ,i h j
 be5 tell+ y h[ ?is s*ool ( mat]ialism &
 clay involv$ itself at la/ 9 cl\d &    
fire4 ,n[1 d[n to ! lea/ detail ( me?od 
& subject1 t w hold4  #ia4 ,"h is a     
p]fect type1 ?\gh n a complex "o1 (     
,go?ic l&scape2 ! backgr\nd gold1 !     
trees drawn leaf by leaf1 & full gre5 9 
color--no effect ( light4 ,"h is an     
equally typical ,greek-s*ool l&scape1 by
 ,wilson--lo/ :olly 9 gold5 mi/2 ! trees
 s slightly drawn t y don't "k if !y are
 trees or t[]s1 & no c>e = color :atev]2
 p]fectly deceptive & m>vel\s effect (  
sun%9e ?r\gh ! mi/--,apollo & ! ,py?on4 
,n[ "h is ,raphael1 exactly betwe5 !    
two--trees /ill drawn leaf by leaf1     
:olly =mal2 b beautiful mi/ com+        
gradually into ! di/ance4 ,well1 !n1    

la/1 "h is ,turn]'s2 ,greek-s*ool ( !   
highe/ class2 & y def9e 8 art1          
absolutely1 z fir/ ! display+ int5sely1 
& ) ! /]ne/ intellect1 ( natural =m z x 
is1 & !n ! envelopm5t ( x ) cl\d & fire4
 ,only1 !re are two sorts ( cl\d & fire4
 ,he kn[s !m bo?4 ,!re's "o1 & !re's    
ano!r--! ,dudley & ! ,fl9t4 ,t's :at !  
cl\d & flame ( ! dragon mean3 n[1 let me
 %[ y :at ! dragon means himself4  #ib4 
,i g back to ano!r p]fect l&scape ( !   
liv+ ,go?ic s*ool4 ,x is only a p5cil   
outl9e1 by ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 9      
illu/ration ( ! /ory ( ,psy*e2 x is !   
introduction ( ,psy*e1 aft] all h]      
tr\bles1 into heav54  ,n[ 9 ?is (       
,burne-,jones1 ! l&scape is cle>ly full 
( light ev]y:]e1 color or glass light3 t
 is1 ! outl9e is prep>$ = modification (
 color only4 ,e plant 9 ! grass is set  
=mally1 gr[s p]fectly1 & may be realiz$ 
completely4 ,exquisite ord]1 & univ]sal1
 ) et]nal life & light1 ?is is ! fai? & 
ef=t ( ! s*ools ( ,cry/al2 & y may      
describe & complete _! "w q lit]ally by 

tak+ any v]ses ( ,*auc] 9 8 t5d] mood1 &
 obs]v+ h[ he insi/s on ! cle>ness &    
brightness fir/1 & !n on ! ord]4 ,?us1 9
 ,*auc]'s ,dream3       ,)9 an yle me   
?\ght ,i 01      ,:]e wall & yate 0 all 
( glasse1      ,& s 0 clos$ r\nd ab\t   
,t leavelesse none come 9 ne out1       
,unc\? & /raunge to beholde1      ,= e  
yate ( f9e golde      ,a ?\s& fanes1 aie
 turn+1      ,entun$ _h1 & briddes s++  
,div]s1 & on ea* fane a paire      ,)   
op5 m\? aga9 "h2      ,& ( a sute 7 all 
! t\res      ,subtily corv5 aft] fl\res1
      ,( unc\? colors dur+ aye      ,t  
nev] be5 none se5e 9 ,may4  #ic4 ,next  
to ?is draw+ ( ,psy*e ,i place two (    
,turn]'s mo/ beautiful classical        
l&scapes4 ,at once y are out ( ! op5    
daylight1 ei!r 9 sun%9e admitt$ p>tially
 ?r\gh trembl+ leaves1 or 9 ! la/ rays (
 its sett+1 sc>cely any m w>m on !      
d>kness ( ! ilex wood4 ,9 bo?1 !        
vegetation1 ?\gh beautiful1 is          
absolutely wild & unc>$ =1 z x seems1   
ei!r by human or by high] p[]s1 :i*1    

hav+ appo9t$ = x ! laws ( its be+1 leave
 x to spr+ into su* beauty z is consi/5t
 ) disease & alt]nate ) decay4          
,illu/ration3 ,,sacus ,,& ,,hesp]ie4  ,f
 ! pa9t+ by ,turn]4  ,9 ! pure/ l&scape1
 ! human subject is ! immortality ( !   
s\l by ! fai?fulness ( love3 9 bo? !    
,turn] l&scapes x is ! dea? ( ! body by 
! impati5ce & error ( love4 ,! "o is !  
fir/ glimpse ( ,hesp]ia to sacus3#ac    
,aspicit ,hesp]i5 patria ,cebr5ida ripa1
      ,injectos hum]is siccantem sole   
capillos3  9 a few mom5ts to lose h]    
=ev]4 ,! o!r is a my?ological subject ( 
deep] mean+1 ! dea? ( ,procris4         
,footnote #ac3 ,ovid1 ,metamorphoses1   
,,xi4 #gfi4  #id4 ,i j n[ ref]r$ to !   
l&scape by ,john ,bell9i 9 ! ,national  
,gall]y z "o ( ! six be/ exi/+ ( ! puri/
 s*ool1 be+ :olly felicit\s & enjoyable4
 ,9 ! =egr\nd ( x inde$ is ! m>tyrdom ( 
,pet] ,m>tyr2 b ,john ,bell9i looks ^u t
 z an entirely *e]ful & pleas+ incid5t2 
x does n di/urb or ev5 surprise him1 mu*
 less displease 9 ! slighte/ degree4    

,n[1 ! next be/ l&scape#ad to ?is1 9 !  
,national ,gall]y1 is a ,flor5t9e "o on 
! edge ( transition to ! ,greek feel+2 &
 9 t ! di/ance is /ill beautiful1 b     
mi/y1 n cle>2 ! fl[]s are /ill          
beautiful1 b--int5tionally--( ! color ( 
blood2 & 9 ! =egr\nd lies ! dead body ( 
,procris1 :i* di/urbs ! poor pa9t]      
greatly2 & he has express$ 8 di/urb$ m9d
 ab\t x 9 ! figure ( a poor little      
br[n--ne>ly black--,faun1 or p]haps !   
god ,faunus himself1 :o is mu* puzzl$ by
 ! dea? ( ,procris1 & /oops ov] h]1 ?9k+
 x a woeful ?+ to f9d h] pretty body ly+
 !re brea?less1 & all spott$ ) blood on 
! brea/4  ,footnote #ad3 7,( ! ,puri/   
s*ool47  #ie4 ,y rememb] ,i told y h[ ! 
e>?ly p[] t is necess>y 9 art 0 %[n by !
 flight ( ,ddalus to ! ,greek3 h]peton  
,m9os4 ,look = y\rselves at ! /ory (    
,procris z relat$ to ,m9os 9 ! fifte5?  
*apt] ( ! ?ird book ( ,apollodorus2 & y 
w see :y x is a ,faun :o is put to wond]
 at h]1 %e hav+ escap$ by artifice f !  
,be/ial p[] ( ,m9os4 ,yet %e is :olly an

 e>?-nymph1 & ! son ( ,aurora mu/ n only
 leave h]1 b himself slay h]2 ! my? (   
,semele desir+ to see ,zeus1 & ( ,apollo
 & ,coronis1 & ?is hav+ all ! same ma9  
int]e/4 ,once und]/& t1 & y w see :y    
,turn] has put h] dea? "u ?is deep %ade 
( trees1 ! sun )draw+ 8 la/ ray2 & :y he
 has put beside h] ! l[ type ( an       
animal's pa91 a dog lick+ its w\nd$ paw4
  #if4 ,b n[1 ,i want y to und]/&       
,turn]'s dep? ( sympa?y f>!r /ill4 ,9   
bo? ^! high my?ical subjects ! surr\nd+ 
nature1 ?\gh suff]+1 is /ill dignifi$ & 
beautiful4 ,e l9e 9 :i* ! ma/] traces x1
 ev5 :]e seem+ly neglig5t1 is lovely1 & 
set d[n ) a m$itative calmness :i* makes
 ^! two et*+s capable ( be+ plac$ beside
 ! mo/ tranquil "w ( ,holbe9 or ,dr]4 ,9
 ?is ,cephalus especially1 note !       
extreme equality & s]5ity ( e outl9e4 ,b
 n[ "h is a subject ( :i* y w wond] at  
fir/ :y ,turn] drew x at all4 ,x has no 
beauty :atsoev]1 no specialty (         
picturesqu5ess2 & all its l9es are      
cramp$ & poor4  ,! crampness & ! pov]ty 

are all int5d$4 ,?is is no long] to make
 u ?9k ( ! dea? ( happy s\ls1 b ( !     
labor ( unhappy ones2 at lea/1 ( ! m or 
less limit$1 dulle/1 &--,i mu/ n say    
homely1 b--unhomely life ( ! neglect$   
agricultural poor4  ,x is a glean] br++ 
d[n h] "o %eaf ( corn to an old         
wat]mill1 itself mossy & r5t1 sc>cely   
able to get its /ones to turn4 ,an      
ill-br$ dog /&s1 joyless1 by ! unf5c$   
/ream2 two c\ntry boys lean1 joyless1   
aga9/ a wall t is half brok5 d[n2 & all 
ab\t ! /eps d[n :i* ! girl is br++ h]   
%eaf1 ! bank ( e>?1 fl[]less & rugg$1   
te/ifies only ( its malignity2 & 9 !    
black & /]nly rugg$ et*+--no long]      
graceful1 b h>d1 & brok5 9 e t\*--! ma/]
 insi/s ^u ! anci5t curse ( !           
e>?--,?orns also & ,?i/les %all x br+ =?
 to !e4  #ig4 ,& n[ y w see at once )   
:at feel+ ,turn] completes1 9 a m t5d]  
mood1 ?is lovely subject ( 8 ,york%ire  
/ream1 by giv+ x ! conditions ( pa/oral 
& agricultural life2 ! cattle by ! pool1
 ! milkmaid cross+ ! bridge ) h] pail on

 h] head1 ! mill ) ! old mill/ones1 &   
its gleam+ weir z 8 *ief light l$ across
 beh9d ! wild trees4  ,illu/ration3     
,,mill ,,ne> ,,gr&e ,,*>treuse4  ,f !   
pa9t+ by ,turn]4  #ih4 ,& n among our   
s(t-fl[+ riv]s only2 b "h among !       
torr5ts ( ! ,great ,*>treuse1 :]e ano!r 
man w\ld assur$ly h drawn ! mona/]y1    
,turn] only draws _! work+ mill4 ,& "h  
,i am able to %[ y1 =tunately1 "o ( 8   
works pa9t$ at ?is "t ( 8 mo/ e>ne/     
?\ght2 :5 8 imag9ation 0 /ill fre%ly    
fill$ ) ! ,greek my?ology1 & he saw = ! 
fir/ "t ) 8 own eyes ! cl\ds come d[n ^u
 ! actual e>?4  ,illu/ration3           
,l',,aiguillette1 ,,valley ,,( ,,cluses4
  ,f ! pa9t+ by ,turn]4  #ii4 ,! sc5e is
 "o :i*1 9 old times ( ,swiss travel+1 y
 w\ld all h kn[n well2 a little cascade 
:i* desc5ds to ! road f ,g5eva to       
,*am\ni1 ne> ! village ( ,maglans1 f "u 
a subord9ate ridge ( ! ,aiguille de     
,v>5s1 kn[n z ! ,aiguillette4 ,y1 none (
 y1 probably1 "k ! sc5e n[2 = y\r only  
object is to get to ,*am\ni & up ,mont  

,blanc & d[n aga92 b ! ,valley ( ,cluse1
 if y knew x1 is wor? _m ,*am\nis2 & x  
impress$ ,turn] pr(\ndly4 ,! facts ( !  
spot are "h giv5 9 m]e & pure           
simplicity2 a q unpicturesque bridge1 a 
few trees p>tly /unt$ & bla/$ by !      
viol5ce ( ! torr5t 9 /orm at _! roots1 a
 cottage ) its mill-:eel--?is has lately
 be5 pull$ d[n to wid5 ! road--& ! brook
 %$ f ! rocks & f9d+ its way to jo9 !   
,arve4 ,! sc5e is absolutely ,arcadian4 
,all ! traditions ( ! ,greek ,hills1 9  
_! purity1 7 f\nd$ on su* rocks & %ad[s 
z ^!2 & ,turn] has giv5 y ! bir? ( !    
,%eph]d ,h]mes on ,cyll5e1 9 its visible
 & solemn pres5ce1 ! :ite cl\d1 ,h]mes  
,eriophoros =m+ out ( heav5 ^u ! ,hills2
 ! brook1 di/ill$ f x1 z ! type ( human 
life1 born ( ! cl\d & vani%+ into !     
cl\d1 l$ d[n by ! haunt+ ,h]mes among ! 
rav9es2 & !n1 l ! reflection ( ! cl\d   
itself1 ! :ite %eep1 ) ! dog ( ,argus   
gu>d+ !m1 dr9k+ f ! /ream4  #ajj4 ,& n[1
 d y see :y ,i gave y1 = ! beg9n+ ( y\r 
types ( l&scape ?\ght1 t ,junction (    

,tees & ,greta 9 _! mi/y rav9es2 & ?is  
gl5 ( ! ,greta above1 9 :i* ,turn] has  
inde$ done 8 be/ to pa9t ! trees t live 
aga9 aft] _! autumn--! twilight t w rise
 aga9 ) twilight ( dawn--! /ream t fl[s 
always1 & ! re/+ on ! cliffs ( ! cl\ds t
 return if !y vani%2 b ( human life1 he 
says1 a boy climb+ among ! trees = 8    
entangl$ kite1 & ^! :ite /ones 9 !      
m\nta9 *ur*y>d1 %[ =? all ! /r5g? & all 
! end4  #aja4 ,y ?9k t say+ ( ! ,greek  
s*ool--,p9d>'s summ>y ( x1 ,greek3 ti de
 tis2 ti d'ou tis2#ae--;a sorr[ful &    
degrad+ lesson4 ,see at lea/1 !n1 t y   
rea* ! level ( su* degradation4 ,see t  
y\r lives be 9 no?+ worse ?an a boy's   
climb+ = 8 entangl$ kite4 ,x w be well =
 y if y jo9 n ) ^? :o in/ead ( kites fly
 falcons2 :o in/ead ( obey+ ! la/ words 
( ! great ,cl\d-,%eph]d--to fe$ 8 %eep1 
live ! lives--h[ mu* less ?an vanity6--(
 ! w>-wolf & ! gi]-eagle4 ,or1 d y ?9k x
 a di%onor to man to say to him t ,dea? 
is b only ,re/8 ,see t :5 x draws ne> to
 y1 y may look to x1 at lea/ = sweetness

 ( ,re/2 & t y recognize ! ,"l ( ,dea?  
com+ to y z a ,%eph]d ga!r+ y into 8    
,fold = ! night4  ,footnote #ae3 ,py?4  
viii4 #ie4 7#ace47