file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations & 9 :i* ! index is l9k$ to ! correspond+ pages4 ,see #aiihe-;h4htm or #aiihe-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/i_ /i_/h_/aiihe_/aiihe-;h_/#aiihe-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/i_ /i_/h_/aiihe_/aiihe-;h4zip7 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s pr9t]'s errors h be5 correct$1 & ! orig9al spell+ has be5 reta9$4 ,page numb]s h be5 includ$ to all[ ! read] to use ! index4 ,page numb]s ( pages previ\sly only conta9+ illu/ration 7& n[ empty7 are n %[n4 ,illu/rations plac$ 9 ! middle ( p>agraphes h be5 mov$1 ?us1 _! page numb]s h *ang$4 ,! illu/ration index has be5 correct$ to mat* ! new position ( ! illu/rations4 ,9 *emical =mulas a subscript$ numb] is %[n by an und]score foll[$ by ! numb] )9 curly brackets4 ,?us ! =mula = wat] is giv5 z ,h#b,o4 ,text enclos$ by p\nd signs 77 0 9 bold face4 ,additional notes are at ! end ( ! text4 ,,! ,,dye+ ,,( ,,wooll5 ,,fabrics by ,,frankl9 ,,bee* ,practical ,col\ri/ & ,*emi/2 ,au?or ( ,! ,dye+ ( ,cotton ,fabrics1 ,etc1 ,) ,?irty-,?ree ,illu/rations ,london ,scott1 ,gre5wood ,son #h ,broadway1 ,ludgate ,hill1 ,e4,c4 ,canada3 ,! ,copp ,cl>k ,co41 ,ltd41 ,toronto ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,d4 ,van ,no/r& ,co41 ,new ,york #aijb ,all rights rema9 ) ,scott1 ,gre5wood ,son4 ,,preface4 7p4 iii7 ,9 ?is little book ! au?or has endeav\r$ to supply ! dy] ( wooll5 fabrics ) a conv5i5tly arrang$ h&book deal+ ) ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! wool dye+ indu/ry1 & tru/s t x w be f\nd to meet ! want :i* und\bt$ly exi/s = su* a book4 ,! text on :i* ! book is bas$ is express$ 9 ! title ,! ,dye+ ( ,wooll5 ,fabrics1 & 9 enl>g+ ^u x ! au?or has endeav\r$ to describe cle>ly & 9 "s detail ! v>i\s processes & op]ations g5]ally1 po9t+ out ! pr9ciples involv$ & illu/rat+ ^! by num]\s recipes1 %[+ ! applications ( a great v>iety ( dyes 9 ! production ( ! "o ?\s& & "o t9ts & %ades ! wool dy] is call$ ^u to produce on ! fabrics ) :i* he is work+4 ,9 pursuance ( ?is plan no?+ is said ( ! composition & prop]ties ( ! v>i\s dyes1 mordants1 *emicals1 etc41 :i* are us$4 ,?is is in=mation e wool dy] %\ld possess1 b ! au?or believes x is bett] dealt ) 9 books devot$ to ,*emi/ry prop]4 ,may1 #aijb4 ,,cont5ts4 7p4 v7 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,page ,,! ,,wool ,,fibre-- ,/ructure1 ,composition & ,prop]ties4444444444444444444444 #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,processes ,,prep>atory ,,to ,,dye+-- ,sc\r+ & ,blea*+ ( ,wool4444444444444444444444444444 #ae ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,dye+ ,,ma*9]y ,,& ,,dye+ ,,manipulations-- ,loose ,wool ,dye+1 ,y>n ,dye+ & ,piece ,dye+ ,ma*9]y444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 #dj ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,wool ,,dye+-- ,prop]ties ( ,wool -- ,me?ods ( ,wool ,dye+ -- ,gr\ps ( ,dyes --,dye+ ) ! ,direct ,dyes -- ,dye+ ) ,basic ,dyes -- ,dye+ ) ,acid ,dyes -- ,dye+ ) ,mordant ,dyes -- ,level ,dye+ -- ,blacks on ,wool -- ,r$s on ,wool -- ,mordant+ ( ,wool -- ,orange ,%ades on ,wool -- ,yell[ ,%ades on ,wool -- ,gre5 ,%ades on ,wool -- ,blue ,%ades on ,wool -- ,violet ,%ades on ,wool -- ,br[n ,%ades on ,wool -- ,mode ,col\rs on ,wool44444444444444444444 #ei ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,dye+ ,,union 7,,mix$ ,,cotton ,,& ,,wool7 ,,fabrics444444444444444 #afh ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,dye+ ,,( ,,gloria44444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444 #ahh ,,*apt] ,,vii4 7p4 vi7 ,,op]ations ,,foll[+ ,,dye+-- ,wa%+--,soap+--,dry+44444444444444444444 4444444444444 #aig ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,exp]im5tal ,,dye+ ,,& ,,comp>ative ,,dye ,,te/+444444444444 #baa ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,te/+ ,,( ,,! ,,col\r ,,( ,,dy$ ,,fabrics4444444444444444444444 #bah ,,index444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444 #bbe ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 7p4 vii7 ,fig4 ,page #a4 ,microscopical ,sket* ( ,wool ,fibre44444444444444444444444 #b #b4 ,kempy ,wool ,fibres444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #c #c4 ,sectional ,view ( ,wool ,fibre44444444444444444444444444444 #d #d4 ,wool ,fibres ,%[+ ,action ( ,alkalies444444444444444444 #aj #e4 ,wool ,fibres ,%[+ ,action ( ,acids444444444444444444444 #aa #f4 ,wool ,wa%+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444444444444444 44 #bj #g4 ,wool ,clo? ,wa%+ ,ma*9e444444444444444444444444444444 #bh #h4 ,wooll5 ,clo? ,wa%+ ,ma*9e444444444444444444444444444 #bi #i4 ,sulphur ,blea* ,h\se44444444444444444444444444444444444 4 #bi #aj4 ,dye+ ,tubs & ,vat444444444444444444444444444444444444 4 #da #aa4 ,section ( ,dye ,vat444444444444444444444444444444444444 44 #db #ab4 ,delahunty's ,dye+ ,ma*9e444444444444444444444444444444 #dd #ac4 ,ob]mai] ,dye+ ,ma*9e44444444444444444444444444444444 #dd #ad4 ,holliday's ,y>n ,dye+ ,ma*9e44444444444444444444444444 #dg #ae4 ,klaud]-,weldon ,y>n ,dye+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444 #dg #af4 ,dye+ ,jigg]s = ,clo?44444444444444444444444444444444 #ea #ag4 ,dye+ ,jigg]s = ,clo?44444444444444444444444444444444 #ec #ah4 ,jig ,w9* ,dye+ ,ma*9e44444444444444444444444444444444 #ec #ai4 ,clo? ,dye+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444444444444444 44 #ed #bj4 ,plu% ,fabric ,dye+ ,ma*9e44444444444444444444444444444 #ee #ba4 ,dye ,beck = ,clo?44444444444444444444444444444444444 444 #ef #bb4 ,hawk+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #eg #bc4 ,indigo ,dye ,vat = ,clo?4444444444444444444444444444444 #adi #bd4 ,squeez+ ,roll]s444444444444444444444444444444444 44444 #aii #be4 ,y>n ,wa%+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444444444444444 4 #bja #bf4 ,clo? ,wa%+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444444444444444 #bjb 7p4 viii7 #bg4 ,clo? ,wa%+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444444444444444 #bjd #bh4 ,soap+ & ,wa%+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444444444 #bje #bi4 ,hydro-extractor444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 #bjf #cj4 ,hydro-extractor444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 #bjg #ca4 ,y>n ,dry+ ,app>atus4444444444444444444444444444444 444 #bjh #cb4 ,clo? ,dry+ ,ma*9e4444444444444444444444444444444444 4 #bjh #cc4 ,exp]im5tal ,dye ,app>atus44444444444444444444444444444 #bab ,,*apt] ,i4 7p4 #jja7 ,,! ,,wool ,,fibre4 ,wool is "o ( ! mo/ important textile fibres us$ 9 ! manufacture ( wov5 fabrics ( all k9ds4 ,x belongs to ! gr\p ( animal fibres ( :i* ?ree k9ds are met ) 9 nature1 & us$ 9 ! manufacture ( textile fibres2 two ( ^! are d]iv$ f quadrup$ animals1 su* z ! %eep1 goat1 etc41 :ile ! ?ird class comprises ! products ( c]ta9 insects1 e4g41 silk4 ,! sk9 ( all animals is cov]$ ) m or less ( a fibr\s coat1 :i* s]ves z a sort ( protect+ coat f ! wea!r to ! sk9 und]nea?4 ,two diff]5t k9ds ( fibres are f\nd on animals2 "o is a /iff k9d ( fibre v>y+ 9 l5g? v mu* & call$ hairy fibres1 ^! sometimes gr[ to a great l5g?4 ,! o!r class ( animal fibres are ! woolly fibres1 %ort1 ela/ic & s(t2 !y are ! mo/ e/eem$ = ! manufacture ( textile fabrics1 x is only :5 ! hairy fibres are long t !y are s]viceable = ?is p>ticul> purpose4 ,!re is a slight diff]5ce 9 ! /ructure ( ! two k9ds ( fibre1 woolly fibres hav+ a m scaly /ructure ?an hairy fibres2 ! latt] also diff] 9 be+ m cyl9drical 9 =m4 ,wool4--,by f> ! mo/ important ( ! animal fibres is wool1 ! fibre ( ! dome/ic %eep4 ,o!r animals1 ! llama or alpaca1 ! ,angora & ,ca%m]e goats also yield fibres ( a simil> "*1 :i* are import$ "u ! "n ( wools4 ,!re are _m 7p4 #jjb7 v>ieties ( wools ,:i* are yield$ by ! v>i\s bre$s ( %eep1 b !y may be r\ghly divid$ into two k9ds1 accord+ to ! l5g? ( /aple1 z x is call$4 ,9 ! long-/apl$ wools ! fibres av]age f #g-a_/b to #i-a_/b in*es 9 l5g?1 :ile ! %ort-/apl$ wools v>y f #a to #b in*es long4 ,! diamet] v>ies v consid]ably f #j4jjjcc to #j4jjah ( an in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,wool ,fibre "u ! ,microscope4 ,two v>ieties ( ?read are spun f wool1 "o is kn[n z wor/$1 ! o!r z wooll5 y>ns2 f ^! y>ns two k9ds ( clo?s are wov51 di/+ui%$ z wor/$ & wooll5 clo?s2 ! =m] are 9 g5]al n subject$ to any mill+ or felt+ process1 :ile ! latt] inv>iably are4 ,physical ,prop]ties4--,:5 se5 "u ! microscope ! wool fibres %[ a rod-l /ructure cov]$ ) broad scales1 ! edges ( :i* project f ! body ( ! fibre1 & all po9t 9 "o direction4 ,fig4 #a %[s typical wool fibres z view$ "u ! microscope2 ! sket* %[s v well ! scales4 ,! %ape ( ! scales v>ies 9 diff]5t bre$s ( wool4 ,! 7p4 #jjc7 out] scales enclose inn] m$ull>y cells1 :i* (t5 conta9 pigm5t matt]4 ,a transv]s$ section ( ! wool fibre %[s ! pres5ce ( a l>ge numb] ( cells4 ,sometimes wool fibres are occasionally met ) :i* h a peculi> :ite horny appe>ance2 ^! d n felt or dye well4 ,!y are kn[n z kempy fibres4 ,see figure #b4 ,! microscope %[s t !y are l>gely devoid ( /ructure1 & are =m$ ( v horny1 imp5etrable tissue1 :i* is difficult to treat 9 ! mill+ or dye+ process4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,kempy ,wool ,fibres4 ,! curly or twi/$ "* ( ! fibre is caus$ by ! unequal contraction ( ! out] scales1 & dep5ds 9 a great measure ^u ! hygroscopic nature ( ! wool4 ,x may be entirely remov$ = ! "t by wett+ ! wool 9 hot wat]1 !n dry+ x 9 a /ret*$ condition1 or ! curl may be artificially induc$ by unequal dry+1 a fact :i* is turn$ to practical acc\nt 9 ! curl+ ( fea!rs & ( hair4 ,! am\nt ( curl 9 diff]5t v>ieties ( wool is v v>iable1 be+ z a rule greate/ 9 ! f9] qualities1 & dim9i%+ z ! fibre becomes co>s]4 ,! diamet] ( ! wool fibre v>ies 7p4 #jjd7 f #a_/bjjj to #a_/ejjj ( an in*1 & ! numb] ( curls f ab\t #cj p] c5t4 ,9 f9e wool z little z #a or #b p] c5t4 9 ! ?ick] fibres4 ,ela/icity & /r5g? are prop]ties :i*1 9 common ) silk1 wool possesses 9 a great] degree ?an ! vegetable fibres4 ,:5 submitt$ to /ra9 ! wool fibre exhibits a rem>kable /r5g?1 & :5 ! break+ po9t is rea*$ ! fracture always takes place at ! juncture ( two r+s ( ! out] scales1 ! emb$d$ edges ( ! l[] lay] be+ pull$ out ( _! seat4 ,! scales !mselves are nev] brok54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,wool ,fibre %[+ ,m$ull>y ,c5tre4 ,:5 fir/ =m$ ! cells are m or less ( a sph]ical %ape1 & conta9 a nucleus surr\nd$ by ! ultimate photoplasmic sub/ance4 ,^? cells :i* con/itute ! core or c5tral portion ( ! fibre reta9 to "s ext5t ?is orig9al globul> =m & pulpy condition4 ,surr\nd+ ?is c5tral portion or m$ulla1 z x has be5 call$ 7see fig4 #c71 & =m+ ! ma9 bulk ( ! fibre1 !re is a comp>atively ?ick lay] ( p>tially flatt5$ cells1 :i* are also elongat$ 9 ! direction ( ! l5g? ( ! fibre1 & outside ?is aga9 !re is a ?9n] /ratum :i* may be comp>$ to ! b>k ( a tree4 ,?is out] cov]+ diff]s mat]ially f ! 7p4 #jje7 re/ ( ! fibre 9 its physical /ructure1 b is1 probably1 ne>ly id5tical ) x1 ?\gh possibly n entirely s1 9 *emical composition4 ,x consi/s ( a s]ies ( flatt5$ horny scales1 ea* be+ probably an aggregation ( _m cells4 ,! scales1 :i* h be5 comp>$ to ! scales ( a fi% or to slates on a h\setop1 ov]lap ea* o!r1 ! free edges protrud+ m or less f ! fibre1 :ile ! l[] or cov]$ edges are emb$d$ & held 9 ! inn] lay] ( cells4 ,! free edges always po9t away f ! root ( ! fibre1 j z d ! bracts ( a fir cone4 ,:5 view+ a section ( a wool fibre !re is1 ( c\rse1 no %>p l9e ( division betwe5 ! ?ree portions above describ$1 b ! *ange f ! c5tral sph]ical cells to ! elongat$ cellul> portion1 & f ^! aga9 to ! flatt5$ horny scales1 is q gradual1 s t ! sep>ation into zones1 ?\gh well m>k$1 is v indef9ite 9 respect ( b\nd>ies4 ,! scaly /ructure ( wool is ( great importance 9 reg>d to :at is kn[n z felt+ prop]ty4 ,:5 wooll5 fabrics are work$ 9 boil+ wat]1 especially 9 ! pres5ce ( soap1 !y %r9k 9 l5g? & bread?1 b become ?ick] 9 sub/ance1 :ile !re is a great] amalgamation ( ! fibres ( ! fabric toge!r to =m a m compact & d5se clo?2 ?is is due to ! scaly /ructure ( ! wool fibres enabl+ !m to become entangl$ & closely unit$ toge!r4 ,9 ! manufacture ( felt hats ?is is a prop]ty ( v great value4 ,v>iations 9 ,physical ,/ructure4--,wool fibres v>y some:at among/ !mselves2 fibres f diff]5t bre$s ( %eep1 or ev5 f diff]5t p>ts ( ! same animal1 v>y greatly1 n only 9 ?ickness1 l5g?1 etc41 b also 9 actual /ructure4 ,a typical wool fibre1 su* z may be obta9$ a good m]9o or ,s\?d[n fleece1 w possess ! typical /ructure describ$ above1 b frequ5tly ! type is dep>t$ f to su* an ext5t t ! c5tral core ( 7p4 #jjf7 globul> cells is entirely abs5t4 ,also ! s]rat$ "* ( ! out]mo/ lay] ( cells rea*es a mu* high] /ate ( developm5t 9 "s samples ( wool ?an 9 o!rs4 ,wool is a mu* m hygroscopic fibre ?an cotton or any ( ! o!r vegetable fibres1 usually x conta9s ab\t #ah p] c5t4 ( wat]1 b mu* dep5ds ^u ! atmosph]ic conditions t prevail4 ,?is wat] is conta9$ 9 ! wool 9 two =ms3 7#a7 z wat] ( hydration am\nt+ to ab\t #ha p] c5t41 & 7#b7 z hygroscopic wat]4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n t :5 a piece ( dri$ wool is expos$ to an atmosph]e saturat$ ) wat] vap\r x w absorb #ej p] c5t4 ( its weight2 cotton "u ! same conditions w take up #bc p] c5t42 flax1 #bge p] c5t42 jute1 #bhe p] c5t41 & silk1 #cfe p] c5t4 ,heat$ to ab\t #ajj;,c4 x p>ts ) ne>ly ! :ole ( its wat] & becomes h>d1 horny & brittle1 expos$ to ! air1 ! dry wool aga9 absorbs wat] & is re/or$ to its =m] condition4 ,:5 heat$ to #ajj;,c4 wool becomes some:at pla/ic1 s t :atev] =m is !n imp>t$ to x x w reta9 :5 x becomes cold1 ?is prop]ty is v useful 9 c]ta9 processes ( f9i%+ wool fabrics1 mak+ hats1 etc4 ,*emical ,composition4--,9 ! natural or raw /ate ea* wool fibre is surr\nd$ by a consid]able am\nt ( =eign matt]1 s t 9 treat+ ( its *emical con/itution x is necess>y to di/+ui% betwe5 pure wool & ! raw fibre4 ,! incru/+ sub/ance is te*nically kn[n z ,yolk1 or ,su9t1 & is pr9cipally compos$ ( a k9d ( natural soap1 consi/+ ( ! pota% salts ( c]ta9 fatty acids1 toge!r ) "s fats :i* are incapable ( saponification4 ,! am\nt ( yolk pres5t ^u diff]5t samples ( wool v>ies greatly1 ! f9] v>ieties conta9+1 z a rule1 a l>g] proportion ?an ! co>s]1 & less valuable sorts4 ,! v>iation 9 ! relative am\nt ( pure fibres & yolk is 7p4 #jjg7 well %[n 9 ! foll[+ analyses :i*1 h[ev]1 d n by any means repres5t extreme cases4 ,,analyses ,,( ,,raw ,,m]9o ,,wool4 ,,dri$ ,,at #ajj;,c4 ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #b4 ,moi/ure #fbf #ajd ,yolk #dgcj #bgj ,pure ,wool #cjca #eie ,dirt #aaac #ca ------ ------ #ajjjj #ajjjj ,yolk consi/s v l>gely ( two complex sub/ances :i* h be5 t]m$ wool p]spiration & wool fat4 ,! =m] is compos$ ( ! pota% salts ( fatty acids1 pr9cipally oleic & /e>ic acids2 ! latt] ( ! neutral c>bohydrate1 *ole/]9e1 ) o!r simil> bodies4 ,! wool p]spiration may be remov$ by a simple wa%+ ) wat]1 & on ! ,cont95t =ms a valuable s\rce ( pota% salts1 s9ce ! a% aft] ignition conta9s #gj to #ij p] c5t4 ( potassium c>bonate4 ,! wool fat is insoluble 9 wat]1 b dissolves readily 9 e!r1 b5z5e1 c>bon disulphide1 etc4 ,x is also remov$ f ! wool by a treatm5t ) alkali1 & x is n easy to expla9 ! action 9 ! case1 s9ce ! wool fat is n a glyc]ide1 & w n =m a soap1 b is probably emulsifi$ by ! wool p]spiration4 ,*emical ,composition ( ! ,pure ,fibre4--,! foll[+ analyses ( purifi$ & dri$ wool fibre indicate its p]c5tage composition3-- ,muld]4 ,b[man4 ,c>bon #eje p] c5t4 #ejh p] c5t4 ,hydrog5 #fh #gb ,nitrog5 #afh #ahe ,oxyg5 #bje #bab ,sulphur #ed #bc ----- ----- #ajjj #ajjj ,x is sometimes /at$ t wool fibre consi/s ( a def9ite 7p4 #jjh7 sub/ance1 k]at9e1 b ?is view _c n[ be admitt$1 s9ce wool appe>s to be compos$ ( a mixture or comb9ation ( sev]al v complex sub/ances4 ,x is possible & ev5 probable t ! out] epid]mal scales h a some:at diff]5t composition to ! bulk ( ! fibre1 b :e!r t is ! case or n is n kn[n ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 ?is mu* c be ass]t$1 t wool is n a simple def9ite *emical comp\nd4 ,sulphur is by f> ! mo/ v>iable con/itu5t ( wool1 sometimes z little z #ae & occasionally z mu* z #e p] c5t4 be+ f\nd4 ,x appe>s to be always pres5t 9 two diff]5t =ms1 "o portion be+ 9 v feeble comb9ation & easily remov$ by alkalies1 ! rema9d]1 :i*1 accord+ to ,kne*t1 am\nts to ab\t #cj p] c5t4 ( ! total sulphur1 _c be remov$ )\t complete dis9tegration ( ! fibre4 ,?is latt] portion does n give a black coloration ) plumbite ( soda4 ,! am\nt ( a% left on inc9]at+ dry wool v>ies f #a to #b p] c5t41 & "s h consid]$ ?is inorganic matt] z an ess5tial con/itu5t4 ,x consi/s pr9cipally ( salts ( potassium1 calcium & alum9um1 )1 ( c\rse1 sulphur4 ,! *emical composition ( ! wool fibre is evid5tly ( a mo/ complicat$ nature2 judg+ f its behavi\r 9 dye+ x is evid5t t x may conta9 two bodies1 "o ( a basic "* :i* enables x to comb9e ) ! azo & acid s]ies ( dyes1 ! o!r possess+ acid *>act]s enabl+ x to comb9e ) ! basic dyes ( ! mag5ta & auram9e type4 ,dr4 ,kne*t has isolat$ f ! wool fibre by extraction ) alkalies & precipitation ) acids a sub/ance to :i* ! "n ( lanug9ic acid has be5 giv54 ,x is soluble 9 hot wat]1 precipitates bo? acid & basic col\r+ matt]s 9 ! =m ( col\r$ lakes4 ,x yields precipitates ) alum1 /ann\s 7p4 #jji7 *loride1 *rome alum1 silv] nitrate1 iron salts1 copp] sulphate4 ,x appe>s to be an album9oid body4 ,f its behavi\r ) ! dyes1 & ) tannic acid & metallic salts1 x w\ld appe> t lanug9ic acid conta9s bo? acidic & basic gr\ps4 ,x conta9s all ! elem5ts1 c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 nitrog5 & sulphur1 f\nd 9 wool4 ,if wool is dy$ 9 a dilute solution ( ,mag5ta 7hydro*loride ( rosanil9e71 ! :ole ( ! base 7rosanil9e7 is tak5 up1 & ! :ole ( ! acid 7,h,cl7 left 9 ! ba?1 n1 h[ev]1 9 ! free /ate1 b probably z ,,nh#d;,cl1 ! ammonia be+ d]iv$ f ! wool itself4 ,a fur!r pro( ( ! acid nature ( lanug9ic acid is t wool may be dy$ a f9e mag5ta col\r 9 a col\rless solution ( rosanil9e base2 = s9ce rosanil9e base is col\rless1 & x only =ms a col\r :5 comb9$ ) acids1 ! fibre has evid5tly act$ ! "p ( an acid 9 ! comb9ation4 ,*emical ,prop]ties4 ,action ( ,alkalies4--,alkalies h a p[]ful action on wool1 v>y+1 ( c\rse1 ) ! nature ( ! alkali1 /r5g? ( solution & temp]ature at :i* ! action takes place4 ,an ammoniacal solution ( copp] hydroxide 7,s*weiz]'s reag5t71 has comp>atively little action 9 ! cold1 b :5 hot x dissolves wool fairly readily4 ,! cau/ic alkalies2 sodium hydroxide1 ,na,o,h1 or potassium hydroxide ,,koh1 h a mo/ delet]i\s action on wool4 ,ev5 :5 v dilute & us$ 9 ! cold !y act de/ructively1 & leave ! fibre ) a h>% feel & v t5d]1 !y _c !re=e be us$ = sc\r+ or cleans+ wool4 ,hot solutions1 ev5 if weak1 h a solv5t action on ! wool fibre1 produc+ a liquid ( a soapy "* f :i* ! wool is precipitat$ out on add+ acids4 ,?is action ( alkalies has an important be>+ on ! sc\r+ ( wool1 = if ?is op]ation be n c>ri$ out ) due c>e !re 7p4 #jaj7 is 9 consequ5ce great liability to impair ! lu/re & /r5g? ( ?is fibre4 ,f microscopical exam9ation ?is effect ( alkalies is se5 to be due to ! fact t !y t5d to dis9tegrate ! fibre1 loos5 & op5 ! scales1 ?is is %[n by contra/+ ! two fibres ,a & ,b %[n 9 figure #d1 ,a be+ a normal wool fibre1 ,b "o /rongly treat$ ) an alkali4 ,! alkal9e c>bonates h b little action on wool1 none if us$ dilute & at temp]atures bel[ #abj;,f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,%[+ ! ,effects ( ,sc\r+ ,ag5ts on ! ,wool ,fibre4 ,a4 ,unsc\r$ ,fibre4 ,b4 ,badly ,sc\r$ ,fibre4 ,soap has practically no action on wool1 & is !re=e an excell5t sc\r+ mat]ial = wool4 ,! c>bonate ( ammonia is ! be/ & has ! lea/ action ( ! alkal9e c>bonates1 ^? ( pota% & soda if us$ too /rong or too hot h a t5d5cy to turn ! wool yell[1 ! c>bonate ( pota% leaves ! wool s(t] & m lu/r\s ?an ! c>bonate ( soda4 ,! influ5ce ( sc\r+ ag5ts on wool w be discuss$ 9 ! *apt] on cleans+ wool fabrics 9 m detail4 ,cau/ic or quick-lime has a simil> injuri\s action on ! wool fibre z ! cau/ic alkalies4 ,action ( ,acids4--,acids :5 dilute h b little influ5ce on 7p4 #jaa7 ! wool fibre1 _! t5d5cy is to cause a sep>ation ( ! scales 7see fig4 #e7 ( ! wool & s make x feel h>%]4 ,/rong acids h a dis9tegrat+ action on ! wool fibre4 ,!re is a v consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 ! action ( acids on wool & on cotton1 & ?is diff]5ce ( action is tak5 advantage ( 9 ! wooll5 indu/ry to sep>ate cotton f wool by ! process commonly kn[n z c>bonis+1 :i* consi/s 9 treat+ ! fabric ) a weak solution ( hydro*loric acid or "s o!r acid1 !n dry+ x2 ! cotton is dis9tegrat$ & falls away 9 ! =m ( a p[d]1 :ile ! wool is n affect$1 sulphuric acid is us$ v l>gely 9 dye+ wool ) ! acid- & azo-col\r+ matt]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,wool ,fibre ,heat$ ) ,acid4 ,nitric acid affects wool 9 a v simil> mann] to ! acids nam$ above :5 us$ 9 a dilute =m2 if /rong x gives a deep yell[ col\r & acts some:at de/ructively on ! fibre4 ,sulphur\s acid 7sulphur dioxide7 has no effect on ! actual fibre1 b ex]cises a blea*+ action on ! yell[ col\r+ matt] :i* ! wool conta9s1 x is !re=e l>gely us$ = blea*+ 7p4 #jab7 wool1 be+ appli$ ei!r 9 ! =m ( gas or 9 solution 9 wat]2 ! me?od w be f\nd describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,wool absorbs sulphur dioxide 9 l>ge am\nt1 & if pres5t is liable to ret>d any subsequ5t dye+ processes4 ,action ( ,o!r ,sub/ances4--,*lor9e & ! hypo*lorites h an en]getic action on wool1 & al?\gh !y ex]t a blea*+ action !y _c well be us$ = blea*+ wool4 ,hot solutions br+ ab\t a slight oxidation ( ! fibre1 :i* causes x to h a great] aff9ity = col\r+ matt]s2 advantage is tak5 ( ?is fact 9 ! pr9t+ ( dela9es & wooll5 fabrics1 :ile ! wooll5 dy] w\ld occasionally f9d ! treatm5t ( s]vice4 ,a pap] by ,mr4 ,e4 ,lodge1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,dy]s & ,col\ri/s1 #ahib 7p4 #da71 may be consult$ ) advantage on ?is subject4 ,wool treat$ ) *lor9e loses its felt+ prop]ty1 & h5ce becomes un%r9kable1 a fact ( :i* advantage is tak5 9 prep>+ un%r9kable wooll5 fabrics4 ,:5 wool is boil$ ) solutions ( metallic salts1 su* z ! sulphate ( iron1 *rome1 alum9ium & copp]1 ! *lorides ( t91 copp] & iron1 ! acetates ( ! same metals1 z well z ) "s o!r salts1 decomposition ( ! salt occurs & a deposit ( ! metallic oxide on ! wool is obta9$ ) ! production ( an acid salt :i* rema9s 9 solution4 ,9 "s cases ?is action is fav\rably influ5c$ by ! pres5ce ( "s organic acid or organic salt1 z1 = examples1 oxalic acid & cream ( t>t> 7potassium t>trate71 along ) ! metallic salt4 ,on ?is fact dep5ds ! process ( mordant+ wool ) potassium bi*romate1 alum1 alum9a sulphate1 f]r\s sulphate1 copp] sulphate1 etc4 ,! exact nature ( ! action :i* occurs is n prop]ly und]/ood1 b !re is reason = ?9k+ t ! wool fibre has ! capacity ( assimilat+ bo? ! acid & ! basic con/itu5ts ( ! salt employ$4 ,excessive treatm5t ) _m metallic salts t5ds to make ! 7p4 #jac7 wool h>% to ! feel1 p>tly ow+ to ! scales be+ op5$ out & p>tly ow+ to ! feel naturally imp>t$ by ! absorb$ metallic salt4 ,! normal salts ( ! alkal9e metals1 su* z sodium *loride1 potassium sulphate1 sodium sulphate1 etc41 h no action :atev] on ! wool fibre4 ,wool has a /rong aff9ity = _m col\r+ matt]s4 ,= "s ( ! natural col\rs1 turm]ic1 saffron1 anotta1 etc41 & = ! neutral & basic coal-t> col\rs x has a direct aff9ity1 & w comb9e ) !m f _! aque\s solutions4 ,wool is ( a v p]meable "*1 s t x is readily p5etrat$ by dye liquors2 9 ! case ( wool fabrics mu* dep5ds1 h[ev]1 ^u ! am\nt ( felt+ to :i* ! fabric has be5 subject$4 ,if wool be boil$ 9 wat] = a consid]able "t x w be obs]v$ t x loses mu* ( its beautiful lu/re1 feels h>%] to ! t\*1 & also becomes felt$ & matt$ toge!r4 ,?is has to be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/ 9 all dye+ op]ations1 :]e ! h&l+ or mov+ ( ! y>ns is apt to produce ?is un=tunate effect4 ,aft] prolong$ boil+ ! fibre %[s signs ( slight decomposition1 f ! traces ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 & ammonia gases :i* x evolves4 ,:5 wool is dri$ at #bab;,f4 x assumes a husky1 h>% feel1 & its /r5g? is p]ceptibly impair$4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,b[man1 ! wool fibre really und]goes a slight *emical *ange at ?is temp]ature1 :i* becomes m obvi\s at #bcj;,f41 :ile at ab\t #bfj;,f4 ! fibre beg9s to dis9tegrate4 ,accord+ to ! rese>*es ( ,p]soz1 h[ev]1 temp]atures rang+ f #bfj;,f4 to #chj;,f4 c be employ$ )\t any h>m to ! wool1 if x has previ\sly be5 soak$ 9 a #aj p] c5t4 solution ( glyc]9e4 ,:5 wool is heat$ to #bab;,f4 7#ajj;,c5t47 x becomes q 7p4 #jad7 pliant & pla/ic & may be m\ld$ into almo/ any %ape1 :i* x /ill reta9s :5 cold4 ,?is fact is ( mu* int]e/ 9 ! processes ( f9i%+ v>i\s goods1 ( emboss+ velvet :]e designs are /amp$ on ! wov5 fabric :ile hot1 & 9 ! crabb+ & /eam+ ( wooll5 goods1 mak+ hats1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 7p4 #jae7 ,,processes ,,prep>atory ,,to ,,dye+1 ,,sc\r+ ,,& ,,blea*+ ,,( ,,wool4 ,wool sc\r+ takes place at two /ages 9 ! process ( manufacture into clo?4 ,fir/1 9 ! raw /ate1 to free ! wool f ! l>ge am\nt ( grease & dirt x naturally conta9s2 second1 aft] be+ manufactur$ into clo?1 x is aga9 sc\r$ to free x f ! oil t has be5 add$ to ! sc\r$ raw wool to enable x to sp9 easily4 ,?is oil+ is g5]ally kn[n z wool bat*+1 & be=e ! spun y>ns or wov5 fabrics c be dy$ x is necess>y to remove x4 ,raw wool is a v impure sub/ance1 conta9+ comp>atively little wool fibre1 r>ely m ?an #ej to #fj p] c5t4 9 ! cleane/ fleeces1 :ile x may be z l[ z #be p] c5t4 9 ! dirtie/4 ,fir/ !re is a small quantity ( dirt2 !re is :at is call$ ! su9t1 a k9d ( soapy matt]1 :i* c be remov$ by wa%+ 9 hot wat]4 ,?is soap has = its base pota%1 :ile its acids are num]\s & complex4 ,! wool conta9s a fatty-l sub/ance ( ! nature ( wax1 call$ *ole/]9e1 & ?is imp>ts to ! fatty matt]1 :i* be extract$ f ! wool fibre1 v peculi> prop]ties4 ,besides ^! !re are sev]al o!r bodies ( m9or importance1 all ( :i* h to be remov$ f ! wool be=e x c be manufactur$ into clo?4 ,m>k] & ,s*ulz give ! foll[+ analysis ( a good sample ( 7p4 #jaf7 raw wool3-- ,moi/ure #bcdh p] c5t4 ,wool fat #gag ,wool soap 7su9t71 soluble 9 wat] #baac ,soluble 9 alcohol #jce ,soluble 9 e!r #jbi ,soluble 9 dilute hydro*loric acid #ade ,wool fibre #dcbj ,dirt #bic ------ #ajjjj ,two pr9ciples und]lie ! me?ods :i* are 9 use = ?is purpose4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple & ! "o on :i* ! olde/ me?od is bas$ is ! ab/raction ( ! :ole ( ! grease1 etc41 f ! wool by means ( an alkal9e or soapy liquor at "o op]ation4 ,?is _c n[adays be consid]$ a sci5tific me?od4 ,al?\gh x extracts ! grease1 etc41 f ! wool1 & leaves ! latt] 9 a good condition = aft] processes1 yet ) x "o might almo/ say t ! :ole ( ! soap or alkali us$1 z well z ! wool grease itself1 is lo/ z a wa/e product2 :]eas any good process %\ld aim at obta9+ ! wool grease = use 9 "s =m or ano!r4 ,! second pr9ciple :i* und]lies all ! mo/ rec5t me?ods = extract+ ! grease f ! wool1 consi/s 9 treat+ ! fibre ) "s solv5t l b5zol1 c>bon bisulphide1 petroleum _s1 c>bon tetra*loride1 etc41 :i* dissolves out ! *ole/]9e & any o!r free fatty matt] :i* is 9 ! wool fibre1 leav+ ! latt] 9 su* a condition t by wa%+ ) wat] ! re/ ( ! impurities 9 ! wool c be extract$4 ,by di/ill+ (f & recond5s+ ! solv5t c be recov]$ = future use1 :ile ! wool fat c also be obta9$ 9 a condition to use = v>i\s purposes4 ,?is is r a m sci5tific me?od ?an ! old "o1 b x has n z yet come into ext5sive use4 ,wool ,sc\r+4 ,old ,me?ods4--,9 ! e>ly days ( wool sc\r+ 7p4 #jag7 ?is op]ation 0 done 9 a v primitive fa%ion1 g5]ally 9 a few tubs1 :i* c\ld be heat$ by /eam or o!rwise1 & 9 :i* wool 0 work$ by means ( h& =ks4 ,^! primitive processes are /ill 9 use 9 "s small works1 especially :]e ! wool is dy$ 9 ! loose condition1 b 9 all ! l>ge works ma*9]y has be5 adopt$1 :i* ma*9]y has be5 br\ght to a high /ate ( p]fection1 & does its "w v well1 & )\t mu* att5dant manual lab\r4 ,! alkal9e sub/ances us$ 9 ?is process ( sc\r+ dem& "s notice4 ,^! comprise soda a%1 soda cry/als1 cau/ic soda1 silicate ( soda1 pota%1 cau/ic pota%1 soaps ( v>i\s k9ds1 /ale ur9e1 ammoniacal comp\nds4 ,:i* ( ^! may be us$ 9 any p>ticul> case dep5ds ^u a v>iety ( reasons4 ,pota% is ! be/ alkal9e ag5t to use4 ,x agrees bett] ) ! fibre ?an any o!r1 leav+ x s(t & ela/ic4 ,ammonia is ! next be/1 b x does n take out ! grease z well z ! pota%4 ,soda does n suit z well z pota%1 z x has a t5d5cy to leave ! fibre h>% 9 feel & some:at brittle1 yet on acc\nt ( its be+ s mu* *eap] x is ! mo/ l>gely us$4 ,! use ( silicate ( soda _c be recomm5d$1 z x has a great t5d5cy to leave ! fibre h>d1 :i* may be ascrib$ to ! deposition ( silica on ! fibre4 ,! cau/ic alkalies _c be us$ z !y h too solv5t an action on ! fibre4 ,! c>bonates1 !re=e1 9 ! =m ( soda a% or pota%1 or pe>l a%1 are us$1 or bett] /ill1 soap is us$ z x has a great] solv5t action on ! fatty matt] ( ! wool ?an h ! alkalies1 & 9 ?is respect a pota% soap is bett] ?an a soda soap4 ,! "* ( ! wool det]m9es ! alkali to be us$2 f9e1 long-/apl$ wools1 :i* are usually v free f grease 9 excess1 %\ld always be treat$ ) pota%1 or a pota% soap1 :i* w 7p4 #jah7 remove ! :ole ( ! grease f ! wool1 leav+ ! latt] 9 a f9e1 s(t1 silky condition4 ,%ort-/apl$ wools c be treat$ ) soap & a little soda a%1 b too mu* ( ! latt] is to be avoid$4 ,co>se & greasy wools may be sc\r$ ) soap & soda a%1 or o!r alkali :i* is almo/ necess>y to remove ! l>ge am\nt ( grease ^! wools conta94 ,practically ! only alkal9e products n[ 9 use are ! v>i\s h>d & s(t soaps1 & ! c>bonates ( soda & pota% 9 _! v>i\s =ms ( soda a%1 soda cry/als1 pota%es1 pe>l a%1 etc4 ,ammonia & its comp\nds are r>ely us$1 :ile /ale ur9e1 :i* acts 9 virtue ( ! ammonia x conta9s has practically gone out ( use4 ,h&-,sc\r+4--,wool sc\r+ by h& is easily done & requires few appliances1 simple tubs or vats ( suffici5t capacity 9 :i* /eam pipes are plac$1 s t ! sc\r+ liquors c be heat$ up4 ,! be/ temp]atures to use are ab\t #acj to #adj;,f41 & x is n advisable to exce$ ! latt]1 z !re is !n "s risk t ! alkali may act on ! fibre too /rongly4 ,! /r5g? ( ! sc\r+ liquor necess>ily v>ies ) ! k9d ( wool be+ treat$1 & ) ! k9d ( alkal9e product us$2 if s(t1 f9e wools are be+ treat$1 !n ! liquor may be made ) #a to #blb4 ( soap to #aj gallons ( wat] 7if a mixture ( soap & alkali is us$1 !n x may conta9 f #a_/d to #a_/blb4 soda a%1 & #a_/blb4 to #alb4 ( soap74 ,= co>se1 greasy wools ^! quantities may be increas$ by ab\t "o-half4 ,! be/ plan ( sc\r+ by h& is to treat ! wool 9 a tub ) a sc\r+ liquor = ab\t half an h\r1 !n to squeeze out ! surplus liquor & to treat aga9 9 a new liquor = half an h\r2 ?is liquor may be us$ = a new bat* ( wool4 ,! wool is (t5 put into nets1 & ^! are lift$ up & d[n 9 ! liquor s z to cause x to p5etrate to e "p ( ! wool4 ,x is n advisable to "w ! wool ab\t too mu*1 o!rwise 7p4 #jai7 felt+ might ensue & ?is mu/ be avoid$4 ,! felt+ ( ! wool is "o ( ! tr\bles ( ! wool-sc\r] & is (t5 difficult to avoid1 x is mo/ly br\ght ab\t by excessive work+ ( ! wool dur+ ! process1 & by ! use ( too high a temp]ature 9 ! sc\r+ ba?4 ,! rem$ies are obvi\s to ! practical man1 z little h&l+ ( ! wool z possible1 & at z l[ a temp]ature z possible4 ,/ill x is necess>y to see t ! sc\r+ liquor p5etrates to e "p ( ! wool :i* is be+ treat$4 ,to ensure ?is1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to sc\r too mu* at "o "t1 s t ! wool is loosely plac$ 9 ! sc\r+ tub1 if plac$ loose 9 ! latt]1 ! workm5 c by means ( =ks "w x to & fro :ile 9 process ( treatm5t4 ,aft] ! wool has be5 ?r\gh ^! sc\r+ liquors x is ?r[n on a scray to dra91 & is next plac$ 9 ci/]ns :i* h p]=at$ false bottoms4 ,9 ^! ci/]ns x is wa%$ ) cold wat] two or ?ree times1 ! wat] be+ run (f f ! wool betwe5 ea* wa%+2 x is !n spread out 9 a room to dry4 ,z a rule1 a man c wa% f #ejjlb4 to #fjjlb4 ( wool 9 a day by ?is me?od4 ,ano!r plan :i* is sometimes adopt$ s z to avoid h&l+ ! wool z mu* z possible1 & ?us prev5t felt+1 is to place ! wool 9 cages hav+ p]=at$ sides :i* w hold ab\t #a;cwt4 ( wool4 ,!y are l[]$ by means ( cranes into ! wa%+ liquors1 & ! wool 9 !m is !n work$ = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 :5 ! cages & _! cont5ts are lift$ out & ! surplus liquor all[$ to dra9 (f4 ,!y are !n l[]$ into ! next ba?1 treat$ or work$ 9 ?is1 aga9 lift$ out & dropp$ into ! wa% wat]s4 ,!re is by ?is plan a sav+ ( h&l+1 & m wool c be got ?r\gh 9 ! same "t1 b x requires two m5 to "w x4 ,^! h& processes are only 9 use 9 small works1 hav+ be5 7p4 #jbj7 replac$ 9 all l>ge works by me*anical me?ods describ$ bel[4 ,ma*9e ,sc\r+4--,wool-sc\r+ ma*9]y has be5 br\ght to a high /ate ( p]fection by ! successive ef=ts ( _m inv5tors1 & by _! means wool wa%+ has be5 mu* simplifi$ & improv$4 ,wool-wa%+ ma*9]y is made by sev]al firms1 among :om may be m5tion$ ,messrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,mc,naught1 & ,john ,petrie1 ,junior1 ,limit$1 bo? ( ,ro*dale4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,wool-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,fig4 #f %[s "o =m ( wool-wa%+ ma*9e4 ,x consi/s ( a long tr\gh :i* conta9s ! sc\r+ liquor4 ,9 ?is ma*9e ! wool ent]s at ! left-h& end1 & is seiz$ by a =k or rake & c>ri$ =w>d by x a %ort di/ance1 !n ano!r rake seizes x & c>ries x fur!r =w>d to ano!r rake1 & ?is to ! la/ rake ( ! ma*9e1 :i* draws x out ( ! ma*9e to a pair ( squeez+ roll]s :i* press out ! surplus liquor1 & f ^! roll]s ! sc\r$ wool passes to a travell+ b& = deliv]y f ! ma*9e4 ,sometimes ! wool is n ent]$ into ! tr\gh direct1 b is put on a travell+ apron :i* op5s x & deliv]s x 9 a m op5 =m into ! tr\gh4 ,! movem5t ( ! =ks causes "s degree ( agitation 9 ! sc\r+ liquor :i* facilitates ! p5etration ( ! liquor ?r\gh ! wool1 & ?us br+s ab\t a bett] sc\r+4 ,aft] ! wool has pass$ ?r\gh ! ma*9e x is tak5 & run once m ?r\gh ! ma*9e4 ,"s sc\r]s use ! same liquor1 b x is bett] to use fre% liquors1 aft] :i* x is wa%$ 9 ! same ma*9e ) wat] two or ?ree times4 ,) a s+le ma*9e !re is "s "t & lab\r lo/ 9 transf]r+ ! wool f "o end to ! o!r betwe5 ! sep>ate treatm5ts1 & 9 l>ge works :]e a great deal ( wool is sc\r$ x is usual to place ?ree or f\r ( ^! ma*9es end to end4 ,! fir/ is fill$ ) /rong sc\r+ liquor1 ! second ) 7p4 #jbb7 a weak] liquor1 :ile ! ?ird & f\r? conta9s wa% wat]s1 & ! wool is gradually pass$ by ! action ( ! ma*9e ?r\gh ! s]ies )\t requir+ any manual aid4 ,betwe5 ea* ma*9e x is pass$ ?r\gh squeez+ roll]s z be=e1 & f9ally em]ges ?or\ghly sc\r$4 ,a good plan ( work+ 9 connection ) su* a s]ies ( ma*9es is to h f\r z above1 two wa%+ ma*9es & two soap+ ma*9es1 ! soap liquor is run ?r\gh ^! 9 a cont9u\s /ream1 ent]+ 9 at ! deliv]y end ( ! second soap] & pass+ out at ! ent]+ end ( ! fir/ soap]4 ,! wool z x fir/ ent]s ! ma*9e comes into contact ) r dirty soap liquor1 b ?is suffices to rid x ( a good deal ( loose dirt2 z x passes along ! ma*9e x comes 9 contact ) clean] & fre%] soap liquor1 :i* gradually takes all grease & dirt out ( x1 &1 f9ally1 :5 x passes out x comes 9 contact ) fre% liquor1 :i* removes out ! la/ traces ( dirt & grease4 ,9 ! same way x passes ?r\gh ! wa%]s1 be+ treat$ at ! la/ ) clean wat]4 ,by ?is plan ! sc\r+ is bett] done1 :ile !re is "s sav+ ( soap liquor & wa% wat]1 = ( ^! r less is requir$ ?an by ! usual sy/em4 ,^! are matt]s ( consid]ation = wool sc\r]s4 ,! wool-wa%+ liquors aft] us+ %\ld be /or$ 9 tanks to be treat$ = recov]y ( ! grease :i* !y conta94 ,! temp]ature ( ! sc\r+ liquors %\ld be ab\t #ajj;,f41 c]ta9ly n m ?an #abj;,f41 high temp]atures are v liable to br+ ab\t felt+1 :ile t5d+ to increase ! h>%ness ( ! wool1 p>ticul>ly :5 soda is ! ag5t us$4 ,by ?is me?od all ! wool fat1 su9t1 etc41 ( ! wool f9d _! way into ! soap liquors4 ,^! 7 =m]ly ?r[n away1 b !y are g5]ally treat$ ) acid & ! fat ( ! soap & wool recov]$1 "u ! "n ( wool grease or ,york%ire grease4 7,vide ,g4 ,h4 ,hur/1 7p4 #jbc7 ,york%ire ,grease1 ,j\r4 ,soc4 ,*em4 ,ind41 ,febru>y1 #ahhi47 ,! wool fat consi/s l>gely ( a peculi> fat-l body kn[n z *ole/]9e4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is unsaponifiable1 & _c be made into soap2 at ! same "t :5 x gets into1 z x does1 ! recov]$ wool grease x spoils ! latt] = soap-mak+ purposes4 ,*ole/]9e has "s prop]ties :i* make x valuable = o!r purposes2 x is a /able body n prone to decomposition1 x is capable ( absorb+ a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 & x is on ^! acc\nts useful = m$ic9al purposes 9 ! production ( o9tm5ts1 & x might be useful 9 c&le-mak+4 ,:5 x gets into recov]$ grease x _c be extract$ f x 9 an economical mann]4 ,! wool su9t consi/s l>gely ( ! pota% soaps ( oleic & /e>ic acids4 ,^! two fatty acids f9d _! way into ! recov]$ wool grease b ! pota% salts are lo/1 :ile !y w\ld be valuable = v>i\s purposes if !y c\ld be recov]$4 ,ano!r =m ( wool-wa%+ ma*9e has a frame c>ry+ a numb] ( =ks arrang$ transv]sely to ! ma*9e4 ,! =ks are by suitable ge>+ giv5 a motion :i* consi/s ( ! foll[+ cycle ( movem5ts4 ,! =ks are driv5 =w>ds 9 ! tr\gh ( ! ma*9e1 c>ry+ ! wool along ) !m1 !y are !n lift$ out1 c>ri$ back1 & aga9 all[$ to drop into ! ma*9e1 :5 !y are ready to g =w>d aga94 ,?us ! =ks cont9ually pu% ! wool f "o end ( ! ma*9e to ! o!r4 ,x is a common plan to h ?ree ma*9es plac$ end to end1 s t ! wool passes f "o to ! o!r2 9 a set ( ?is k9d ! fir/ ma*9e %\ld h a capacity ( #a1ejj gallons or !reab\ts1 ! second #a1jjj gallons1 & ! ?ird #gej gallons4 ,wool ,sc\r+ by ,solv5ts4--,( late ye>s processes h be5 7p4 #jbd7 inv5t$ = ! sc\r+ ( wool1 ei!r raw or spun by means ( solv5ts1 l c>bon bisulphide1 b5zol1 petroleum _s1 etc4 ,su* processes are 9 a s5se r m sci5tific ?an ! alkali processes1 = :]eas 9 ! latt] ! grease1 etc41 ( ! wool & ! oil us$ 9 bat*+ x are practically lo/ = fur!r use1 & !re=e wa/$1 be+ ?r[n away v (t51 al?\gh !y may be p>tially recov]$ f ! us$ sc\r+ liquors1 9 ! solv5t processes ! grease & oil may be recov]$ = future use = "s purpose or o!r4 ,! great objection to ^! processes is ! dang] t att5ds _! use1 ow+ to ! inflammable "* ( ! solv5ts4 ,sev]al o!r objections may be rais$1 "s ( :i* are me*anical1 & due to ! want ( prop] ma*9]y = c>ry+ out ! processes4 ,!re are _m ways 9 :i* solv5ts may be appli$1 "s are ! subject ( pat5ts4 ,x is n possible to describe ! details ( all ^!1 b two ( ! mo/ rec5t w be m5tion$4 ,9 ,s+]'s process1 :i* 0 describ$ 9 detail by ,mr4 ,watson ,smi? "s "t ago be=e ! ,society ( ,dy]s & ,col\ri/s1 c>bon bisulphide is us$4 ,! raw wool is plac$ betwe5 two endless b&s ( wire1 & x is c>ri$ ?r\gh a s]ies ( tr\ghs conta9+ bisulphide ( c>bon2 dur+ its passage ?r\gh ! tr\ghs ! solv5t takes out ! grease1 & loos5s ! o!r con/itu5ts ( ! wool4 ,aft] go+ ?r\gh ! bisulphide ! wool is dri$ & pass$ ?r\gh wat] :i* completes ! process4 ,! c>bon bisulphide t has be5 us$ is plac$ 9 /eam-heat$ /ills1 di/ill$ (f f ! grease1 cond5s$ 9 suitable cond5s]s1 & us$ ov] aga94 ,9 ?is process1 ) c>e1 !re is v little loss ( solv5t4 ,! grease :i* is recov]$ c be us$ = v>i\s purposes1 "o ( :i* is ! manufacture ( o9tm5ts1 pomades1 etc4 ,! disadvantages ( bisulphide are3 7#a7 ,x t5ds aft] "s "t 7p4 #jbe7 to cause ! wool to acquire a yell[ ca/1 due to ! free sulphur :i* x conta9s1 & :i* be+ left 9 ! wool gradually causes x to turn yell[4 ,by us+ r$i/ill$ bisulphide ?is defect may be avoid$4 7#b7 ,ano!r defect is ! evil od\r ( ! solv5t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is less ) r$i/ill$ bisulphide ?an ) ! ord9>y quality1 & ) suitable app>atus is n insup]able4 7#c7 ,ano!r defect is ! volatility & inflammability ( c>bon bisulphide4 ,on ! o!r h&1 bisulphide possesses ! v great advantage ( be+ at once heavi] ?an1 & insoluble 91 wat]1 & x c be1 !re=e1 /or$ "u wat] v mu* m safely ?an c any ( ! o!r solv5ts :i* are us$4 ,burnell's ma*9e has two tr\ghs fill$ ) b5zol9e4 ,9 ^! are arrang$ a l>ge c5tral roll] r\nd :i* are "s small] roll]s4 ,! wool passes r\nd ! l>ge roll] & is subject$ to a numb] ( squeez+s 9 pass+ ! small] roll]s4 ,a curr5t ( ! b5zol9e is cont9ually pass+ ?r\gh ! ma*9e4 ,! :ole is enclos$ 9 a hood to avoid loss ( solv5t z f> z possible4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! b5zol9e tr\gh ! wool passes ?r\gh a simil> tr\gh fill$ ) wat]4 ,b5zol9e is bett] ?an c>bon bisulphide 9 t !re is no t5d5cy on ! "p ( ! wool to turn yell[ aft] its use1 on ! o!r h& x is m inflammable1 & :5 x does take fire is m dang]\s1 & be+ light] ?an wat] is n s readily & safely /or$4 ,ano!r feature is t x is n s completely volatile at /eam temp]atures1 s t a little may be left 9 ! grease & ?us t5d to det]iorate x4 ,coal-t> b5zol1 ! quality kn[n z #ij's1 w\ld be bett] to use4 ,! solv5t processes are well wor? ! att5tion ( wool sc\r]s1 all t is requir$ = _! prop] developm5t be+ ! production & use ( suitable ma*9]y4 ,aft] ! raw wool has be5 sc\r$ x is bat*$1 i4e41 x is 7p4 #jbf7 mix$ ) a quantity ( oil = ! purpose ( lubricat+ ! wool to enable x m easily to /& ! friction to :i* x is subject$ 9 ! subsequ5t processes ( sp9n+ & weav+ by giv+ x great] pliability4 ,= ?is purpose v>i\s k9ds ( oil are us$4 ,olive oil is ! pr9cipal fav\rite1 ! v>iety mo/ly us$ be+ ,gallipoli oil4 ,gr\nd-nut oil is also ext5sively employ$1 & is *eap] ?an olive4 ,oleic acid a by-product ( ! c&le indu/ry1 is ext5sively us$ "u ! "n ( clo? oil1 !re is also us$ ole9e1 or wool oil1 obta9$ by ! di/illation ( ,york%ire grease4 ,s f> z m]ely oil+ ! wool is conc]n$ !re is n mu* to *oose betwe5 ^! diff]5t oils1 olive p]haps works ! be/ & agrees be/ ) ! wool4 ,m9]al oils h be5 & c be us$ ei!r alone or mix$ ) ! oils above m5tion$1 & s f> z lubricat+ ! wool is conc]n$ d v well & are mu* *eap] ?an ! fatty oils nam$ above4 ,! foll[+ are "s analyses ( v>i\s oils us$ z clo? oils :i* ! au?or has _h occasion to analyse4 #a4 #b4 #c4 #d4 ,specific gravity at #fj ,f4 #jijca #jijia #jfiji #jhijd ,free fatty acid #eejb #fddb #eaeb #fhje ,unsaponifiable oil #cdef #iie #cbhj #ieb ,saponifiable oil #ajcb #becb #aefh #abdc ------ ------ ------ ------ #ajjjj #ajjjj #ajjjj #ajjjj ,nos4 #a & #b are prep>$ f ,york%ire grease4 ,! unsaponifiable matt] 9 ^! is purely natural1 x w be se5 x v>ies )9 wide limits4 ,nos4 #c & #d are made f ! oleic acid ( ! c&le factories1 & ! unsaponifiable matt] is due to _! conta9+ m9]al oil :i* has be5 add$ to !m4 ,s f> z reg>ds ! object = :i* ! wool is oil$1 ! m9]al oils w answ] almo/ z well z ! fatty oils & ) mo/ 7p4 #jbg7 satisfactory results f an economical po9t ( view1 = !y are mu* *eap]4 ,b ?is is n ! only po9t to be consid]$4 ,! oil has to be got out ( ! wool be=e ! latt] c be dy$4 ,n[ :ile ! fatty oils c be easily remov$1 by treatm5t ) soap1 & !y c be recov]$ along ) ! fat ( ! soap1 m9]al oils _c be entirely remov$ f ! wool1 :at rema9s 9 w int]f]e v mu* ) ! satisfactory dye+ ( ! wool1 & :at is got out f9d+ its way into ! cov]$ wool grease1 spoils ?is = soap mak+ & o!r uses1 s t on ! :ole :at is ga9$ 9 less5$ co/ ( oil+ is lo/ by ! increas$ liability to defects 9 dye+ & consequ5tly depreciation 9 value ( ! wool1 & to decrease 9 value ( ! recov]$ grease4 ,! am\nt ( oil us$ v>ies f #g p] c5t4 ) ! be/ wools to #ae p] c5t4 ) %oddy wools4 ,! sc\r+ ag5ts g5]ally us$ are ! same z ^? us$ 9 loose wool sc\r+1 namely1 c>bonate ( soda = co>se wooll5 y>ns1 soap & soda = m$ium y>ns1 & soap & ammonia = f9e y>ns4 ,prior to treat+ ! y>ns x is be/ to all[ !m to /eep 9 hot wat] at ab\t #agj;,f4 = tw5ty m9utes1 !n to all[ !m to cool4 ,! actual sc\r+ is (t5 done 9 l>ge wood5 tubs1 across :i* rods c be put on :i* to hang ! hanks ( y>n1 & 9 :i* are plac$ /eam pipes = heat+ up ! ba?4 ,! be/ temp]ature to treat ! y>n at is ab\t #aej;,f42 too high a temp]ature mu/ be avoid$1 z ) increas$ heat ! t5d5cy to felt is mat]ially augm5t$1 & felt+ mu/ be avoid$4 ,! hanks are treat$ = ab\t tw5ty m9utes 9 ! liquor1 & are !n wrung out1 dra9$1 & aga9 treat$ 9 new sc\r+ liquor = ! same l5g? ( "t4 ,aft] r9s+ 9 cold wat] !y are dri$ & f9i%$4 ,:5 ! oil$ wool has be5 spun into y>ns1 :e!r wor/$ or 7p4 #jbh7 wooll51 & passes into ! h&s ( ! dy]1 x is necess>y to remove f x all ! oil be=e any dye+ op]ations c be satisfactorily c>ri$ out4 ,?is oil is remov$ by ! use ( soap & weak alkal9e liquors1 us+ ^! at ab\t #aaj to #abj;,f4 ,! mo/ common way is to h ! liquor 9 a rectangul> wood5 tank1 & hang ! hank ( y>n 9 by /icks re/+ on ! edges ( ! tank2 f "t to "t ! hanks are turn$ ov] until all ! oil has be5 wa%$ out1 !n !y are wrung out & pass$ into a tank ( clean wat] to wa% out ! soap1 aft] :i* ! y>n is ready = dye+4 ,:5 ! y>n is ( su* a "* t x is liable to curl up1 %r9k & become entangl$1 x is necess>y t x be /ret*$ :ile x is be+ treat$ ) ! soap liquor2 ?is is effect$ by a /ret*+ app>atus consi/+ ( two sets ( roll]s connect$ toge!r by a screw atta*m5t1 s t ! di/ance betwe5 ! two sets ( roll]s c be v>i$4 ,! hanks are hung betwe5 ea* pair ( roll]s1 & c be /ret*$ tightly z may be requir$4 ,= press+ out ! surplus liquor f ! hanks ( y>n a pair ( squeez+ roll]s is us$4 ,sc\r+ ,wooll5 ,piece ,goods4--,v (t5 be=e weav+ ! y>ns are n sc\r$ to remove ! oil !y conta91 z ! weav+ is m conv5i5tly done ) oily y>n ?an ) a sc\r$ y>n4 ,be=e dye+ ! oil mu/ be tak5 out ( ! pieces1 & ?is c be conv5i5tly done by sc\r+ 9 a wa%+ ma*9e su* z is %[n 9 figures #g & #h1 us+ soap & soda liquors z be=e1 & foll[+ up ) a good r9se ) wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--;,clo?-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,! soap liquors us$ 9 sc\r+ y>ns & pieces become *>g$ ) oil1 & !y %\ld be kept1 & ! oil recov]$ f !m toge!r ) ! fatty matt] ( ! soap1 by treatm5t ) sulphuric acid4 ,by subject+ ! grease or fatty matt] s obta9$ to a boil ) cau/ic soda soap is obta9$ :i* may be aga9 us$ 9 sc\r+ 7p4 #jbi7 wool4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--;,clo?-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,blea*+ ,wool4--,! wool fibre has to be treat$ v diff]5tly f cotton fibre4 ,x w n /& ! action ( z p[]ful blea*+ ag5ts1 &1 consequ5tly1 weak] ones mu/ be us$4 ,?is is a decid$ disadvantage1 = :]eas ) cotton ! col\r+ matt] is effectually de/roy$1 s t ! blea*$ cotton nev] rega9s its orig9al col\r1 ! same is n ! case ) wool1 especially ) sulphur-blea*$ wool1 "h ! col\r+ matt] ( ! fibre is1 z x 71 only hidd51 & w "u c]ta9 circum/ances return4 ,! two mat]ials *iefly us$ = blea*+ wool are sulphur & p]oxide ( hydrog54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--,sulphur ,blea* ,h\se4 ,sulphur ,blea*+4--,blea*+ wool by sulphur is a comp>atively 7p4 #jcj7 simple process4 ,a sulphur h\se is built1 ! usual size be+ #ab feet high by #ab feet broad1 & ab\t #ag feet long4 ,brick is ! mo/ suitable mat]ial4 ,! h\se %\ld h well-fitt+ w9d[s on two sides1 & good tight doors at ! ends 7see fig4 #i74 ,"s h\ses h a 7p4 #jca7 small furnace at ea* corn] = burn+ ! sulphur1 two ( ^! furnaces are fitt$ ) hoods1 s t ! sulphur gases c be convey$ to ! upp] "p ( ! *amb]1 b a bett] plan1 & "o mo/ly adopt$ :]e ! *amb] is us$ = blea*+ pieces1 is to con/ruct a false p]=at$ bottom above ! real bottom ( ! *amb]1 ! sulphur be+ burnt 9 ! space betwe5 ! two floors4 ,if y>n is be+ blea*$ ! hanks are hung on wood5 rods or poles 9 7p4 #jcb7 ! *amb]1 :ile ) pieces an arrangem5t is con/ruct$ s t ! pieces :i* are /it*$ toge!r are pass$ 9 a cont9u\s mann] ?r\gh ! *amb]4 ,:5 all is ready ! *amb] doors are clos$1 & ! furnaces are heat$1 "s sulphur ?r[n ^u !m1 :i* burn+ evolves sulphur dioxide gas1 sulphur\s acid1 & ?is act+ ^u ! wool blea*es x4 ,! great ?+ is to cause a ?or\gh circulation ( ! gas ?r\gh e "p ( ! *amb]1 s t ! y>n or pieces are entirely expos$ 9 e "p to ! blea*+ action ( ! gas4 ,?is is effect$ by caus+ ! gas to pass into ! *amb] at sev]al po9ts1 &1 see+ t x passes upw>ds1 to ! v5tilator 9 ! ro( ( ! *amb]4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a c]ta9 quantity ( sulphur dep5d+ ^u ! quantity ( goods be+ treat$ is plac$ 9 ! *amb] & all[$ to burn itself out2 ! quantity us$ be+ ab\t #f to #h p] c5t4 ( ! weight ( ! goods4 ,aft] ! sulphur+ ! goods are simply r9s$ 9 wat] & dri$4 ,sulphur blea*+ is n an effective process1 ! col\r+ matt] is n actually de/roy$1 hav+ only ent]$ into a *emical comb9ation ) ! sulphur dioxide to =m a col\rless comp\nd1 & x only requires t ! wool be treat$ ) "s mat]ial :i* w de/roy ?is comb9ation to br+ ! col\r back aga9 9 all its orig9al /r5g?2 wa%+ 9 weak alkalies or 9 soap & wat] w d ?is4 ,ano!r defect ( ! process lies 9 sulphur be+ volatilis$ 9 ! free =m1 & settl+ ^u ! wool causes x to turn yell[1 & ?is yell[ col\r _c be got rid (4 ,! goods mu/ be ?or\ghly r9s$ ) wat] aft] ! blea*+1 ! object be+ to rid ! wool ( traces ( sulphuric acid1 :i* x (t5 conta9s1 & :i* if left 9 w\ld 9 "t cause ! dis9tegration ( ! wool4 ,sometimes ! wool is wa%$ 9 a little weak ammonia or soda 7p4 #jcc7 liquor1 b ?is is n advisable1 z !re is too mu* t5d5cy = ! col\r ( ! wool to come back aga91 ow+ to ! neutralis+ ( ! sulphur dioxide by ! alkali4 ,in/ead ( us+ ! gas1 ! sulphur dioxide may be appli$ 9 ! =m ( a solution 9 wat]4 ,! goods are !n simply /eep$ = "s h\rs 9 a solution ( ! gas 9 wat] until !y are blea*$1 !n !y are r9s$ 9 wat] & dri$4 ,9 ?is me?od x is important t ! solution ( ! gas be fre%ly made1 o!rwise x is liable to conta9 b little sulphur\s acid1 & pl5ty ( sulphuric acid :i* has no blea*+ prop]ties1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 is liable to lead to damage ( ! goods if x be n wa%$ out aft]w>ds4 ,a bett] me?od ( utilis+ ! blea*+ action ( sulphur 9 a liquid =m is to prep>e a ba? ( bisulphite ( soda1 & acidify x ) hydro*loric acid1 !n to ent] ! wool1 /irr+ well = "s "t1 & all[+ x to /eep = "s h\rs1 next to expose to ! air = a :ile1 & r9se z be=e4 ,x is bett] to all[ ! wool to /eep = ab\t an h\r 9 a simple ba? ( bisulphite1 !n ent] into a weak hydro*loric acid ba? = a few h\rs4 ,! acid lib]ates sulphur dioxide 9 a nasc5t condition1 :i* !n ex]ts a m p[]ful blea*+ action ?an if x 7 already free4 ,ev5 ) liquid blea*+ ! blea* is n any m p]fect ?an x is ) ! gas blea*+2 ! col\r is liable to come back aga9 on be+ wa%$ ) soap or alkali1 al?\gh !re is a fre$om f ! defect ( yell[ /a9s be+ produc$4 ,goods prop]ly blea*$ w /& exposure to air = "s consid]able "t1 b ^? imp]fectly blea*$ exhibit a t5d5cy to rega9 _! yell[ col\r on exposure to air4 ,"o fault :i* is sometimes met ) 9 sulphur blea*+ is a want ( s(tness 9 7p4 #jcd7 ! wool1 ! process seem+ to r5d] ! fibre h>%4 ,wa%+ 9 a little weak s(t soap or 9 weak soda w rem$y ?is & re/ore ! suppl5ess ( ! wool2 at ! same "t c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! alkal9e treatm5t is n too /rong1 or o!rwise ! blea*+ effect ( ! sulphur w be neutralis$ z po9t$ out above4 ,blea*+ ,wool by ,p]oxide ( ,hydrog54--,dur+ rec5t ye>s !re has come into use = blea*+ ! animal fibres p]oxide ( hydrog51 or1 z ! ,fr5* call x1 oxyg5at$ wat]4 ,?is body is a ne> relation to wat]1 be+ compos$ ( ! same two elem5ts1 oxyg5 & hydrog52 9 diff]5t proportions 9 wat] ^! elem5ts are comb9$ 9 ! proportion ( #a "p ( hydrog5 to #h p>ts ( oxyg51 :ile 9 ! p]oxide ! proportions are #a ( hydrog5 to #af ( oxyg54 ,^! proportions are by weight1 & are express$ by ! *emical =mul = wat] ,h#b,o1 & = hydrog5 p]oxide ,h#b,o#b4 ,wat]1 z is well kn[n1 is a v /able body1 & al?\gh x c be decompos$1 yet x requires "s consid]able p[] to effect x4 ,n[ ! extra quantity ( oxyg5 :i* may be consid]$ to h be5 introduc$ into wat] to conv]t x into p]oxide has also introduc$ an elem5t ( in/ability1 ! extra quantity ( oxyg5 be+ ev] ready to comb9e ) "s o!r body = :i* x has a great] aff9ity ?an = ! wat]4 ,?is prop]ty c be utilis$ 9 ! blea*+ indu/ry ) great advantage1 true blea*+ be+ ess5tially a process ( oxidation4 ,! col\r+ matt] ( ! fibre1 :i* has to be de/roy$ s t ! fibre %all appe> :ite1 is be/ de/roy$ by oxidation1 b ! process mu/ n be c>ri$ out too /rongly1 o!rwise ! oxidation w n be conf9$ to ! col\r+ matt]1 b w ext5d to ! fibre itself & dis9tegrate x1 ) ! result t ! fibre w become t5d]$ & be r5d]$ useless4 ,p]oxide ( hydrog5 is a weak oxidis]1 & !re=e1 al?\gh 7p4 #jce7 /rong en\gh to de/roy ! col\r+ matt] ( ! fibre is n /rong en\gh to decompose ! fibre itself4 ,hydrog5 p]oxide is sold z a wat]-:ite liquid1 )\t any od\r or ta/e4 ,its /r5g? is measur$ by ! quantity ( oxyg5 :i* is evolv$ :5 "o volume ( ! liquid is treat$ ) potassium p]manganate2 ! mo/ common /r5g? is #aj volume p]oxide1 b #cj & #dj volume p]oxide is made4 ,on keep+ x loses its oxyg51 s t x is always advisable to use a supply up z quickly z possible4 ,articles ( all k9ds c be blea*$ by simply plac+ !m 9 a weak solution ( ! p]oxide1 leav+ !m !re = a %ort "t1 !n tak+ out & expos+ to ! air = "s "t4 ,! be/ plan ( apply+ p]oxide ( hydrog5 is ! foll[+3 ,prep>e ! blea*+ ba? by mix+ #a "p ( p]oxide ) #d p>ts ( wat]4 ,! /r5g? c be v>i$2 = ^? goods t only require a v slight blea* ! proportions may be #a to #ab1 :ile = d>k goods ! proportions fir/ giv5 may be us$4 ,?is ba? mu/ be us$ 9 ei!r a wood5 or e>!nw>e vessel4 ,metals ( all k9ds mu/ be avoid$1 z !y lead to a decomposition ( ! p]oxide1 & !re=e a loss ( mat]ial4 ,to ! ba? s prep>$ j en\gh ammonia %\ld be add$ to make x alkal9e1 a condition t may be asc]ta9$ by us+ a r$ litmus pap]1 :i* mu/ j turn blue4 ,into ! ba? s prep>$ ! well-sc\r$ goods are ent]$ & work$ well1 s t !y become ?or\ghly saturat$4 ,!y are !n lightly wrung & expos$ to ! air = "s h\rs1 b mu/ n be all[$ to get dry1 because only s long z !y are moi/ is ! blea*+ go+ on2 if !y get dry ! goods %\ld be re-ent]$ into ! ba? & aga9 expos$ to ! air4 ,if "o treatm5t is n suffici5t ! process %\ld be repeat$4 ,! p]oxide ba? is n exhau/$1 & only requires new mat]ial to 7p4 #jcf7 be add$ to x 9 suffici5t quantity to enable ! goods to be readily & easily work$ 9 ! liquor4 ,any degree ( :it5ess may be obta9$ ) a suffici5t numb] ( work+s4 ,no fur!r treatm5t is necess>y4 ,x is f\nd 9 practice t an alkal9e ba? gives ! be/ results4 ,ano!r plan ( prep>+ ! blea*+ ba? is to prep>e a ba? ) p]oxide & wat] z be=e1 !n add to a suffici5t quantity ( a solution ( silicate ( soda #d p>ts ( wat] to #a ( silicate ( soda at #ajj,tw41 to make ! ba? alkal9e4 ,into ?is ba? ! goods are ent]$ & are !n expos$ to ! air z be=e1 aft] :i* !y may be pass$ ?r\gh a weak ba? ( sulphur\s acid1 be+ next well wa%$ 9 wat] & dri$4 ,! advantage ( blea*+ ) p]oxide is t1 z x leaves only wat] 9 ! goods z ! result ( action1 !re is no dang] ( _! becom+ t5d]$ by an aft] developm5t ( acid due to defective wa%+1 z is ! case ) ! sulphur blea*4 ,! goods nev] alt] 9 col\r aft]w>ds1 because !re is no?+ left 9 t w *ange col\r4 ,"s blea*]s add a little magnesia to ! ba?1 b ?is is n at all necess>y4 ,blea*+ ) ,p]oxide ( ,soda4--,p]oxide ( soda has come to ! front ( late = blea*+ wool4 ,) x a /rong] blea*+ ba? c be made1 :ile ! product itself is m /able ?an p]oxide ( hydrog51 only x is ne$ful to keep x 9 tightly clos$ metal vessels1 free f any possibility ( com+ 9 contact ) wat] or organic matt] ( any k9d1 or accid5ts may happ54 ,9 ord] to blea* #ajjlb4 ( wool1 a ba? ( wat] is prep>$1 & to ?is is add$ #flb4 ( sulphuric acid & !n sl[ly #dlb4 ( p]oxide ( sodium 9 small quantities at a "t4 ,make ! ba? slightly alkal9e by add+ ammonia4 ,heat ! ba? to #aej;,f41 ent] ! wool & all[ to rema9 five to six h\rs1 !n r9se well & dry4 ,if ! 7p4 #jcg7 col\r does n come out suffici5tly :ite repeat ! process4 ,,! ,,*lor9ation ,,( ,,wool4 ,! employm5t ( *lor9e 9 wool dye+ & wool pr9t+ has ( late ye>s receiv$ an impetus 9 directions previ\sly little ?\ght (4 ,! addition ( a little *lor9e to ! decoction ( logwood has be5 recomm5d$ z increas+ ! dye+ p[] ( ! wool4 ,treat+ ! wool ) *lor9e has a mat]ial influ5ce 9 increas+ its capacity = tak+ dye-/uffs1 & al?\gh b little att5tion has be5 paid to ?is circum/ance by wool dy]s1 yet among wool pr9t]s x has come l>gely into use1 & enables !m to produce full] & fa/] %ades ?an w\ld o!rwise be possible4 ,! me?od involves ! treatm5t ( ! wool fir/ ) an acid1 !n ) a solution ( a hypo*lorite4 ,! /aple becomes s(t & supple & assumes a silky "*2 9 dye+ x %[s a great] aff9ity = ! dyes ?an x did previ\sly4 ,al?\gh n det]iorat$ 9 /r5g?1 x almo/ entirely loses its felt+ prop]ties4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is feature ! process _c be adopt$ = wool :i* has to be full$1 b x is ( s]vice :]e felt+ ( ! goods is to be avoid$1 = wor/$s1 und]we>1 wooll5 & half wooll5 hosi]y1 etc41 9 :i* ! felt+ prop]ty t occurs on wa%+ is r objectionable4 ,by ! *lor+ ( ! wool ! int5sity ( ! %ade dy$ is increas$ to su* a degree t :5 dye+ ) ,acid black1 ,naph?ol black1 ,naph?ol gre51 ,nigros9e1 ,fa/ blue1 ,wat] blue1 & "s o!rs dy$ 9 an acid ba?1 b little m ?an half ! dye us$ on un*lor$ wool is requir$1 :ile ) ,indul9e1 m ev5 & int5se %ades are obta9$ ?an is o!rwise possible4 ,! op]ation ( *lor9ation c be done ei!r 9 "o or two 7p4 #jch7 ba?s4 ,! *oice dep5ds ^u circum/ances & ! judgm5t ( ! dy]4 ,! process by ! two-ba? me?od1 ) subsequ5t dye+ 9 ! second or sep>ate ba? is 7= #ajjlb4 ( wool71 z foll[s4 ,! fir/ ba? conta9s1 = light clo?s1 y>n1 etc41 f #c to #dlb4 sulphuric acid1 #afh,tw41 & = heavi] clo?s & felt1 :]e ! p5etration & equalisation ( ! col\r is difficult1 f #hlb4 to #ajlb4 ( acid4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a temp]ature ( #agj to #age;,f4 is suffici5t1 al?\gh = heavy wool & = wool ) poor dye+ qualities x is well to use ! ba? at ! boil4 ,! treatm5t la/s = half an h\r1 9 :i* "t ! acid is almo/ completely absorb$4 ,! second ba? conta9s a cle> solution ( #ajlb4 blea*+ p[d]1 :i* solution is prep>$ z foll[s4 ,dry blea*+ p[d] ( ! be/ quality is /irr$ 9 a wood5 vat ) #gj gallons ( wat]1 ! mass is all[$ to /&1 ! cle>1 sup]natant liquor is run into ! vat & ! s$im5t /irr$ up & aga9 all[$ to settle1 ! cle> liquor be+ run (f z be=e1 & #e gallons m wat] is run 94 ,! cle> liquors ( ^! ?ree treatm5ts are !n mix$ toge!r to =m ! *lor+ ba?4 ,special c>e %\ld be tak5 t no undissolv$ p>ticles ( ! blea*+ p[d] %\ld be left 91 = if ^! settle on ! wool !y result 9 too great a developm5t ( *lor9e1 :i* injures ! wool4 ,! goods aft] be+ 9 ! acid ba? are ent]$ 9 ?is *lor9e ba? at a temp]ature ( #gj;,f41 :i* is !n rais$ to ! boil4 ,if ! acid ba? has be5 /rong1 or be5 us$ at ! boil1 x is p]haps be/ to r9se ! goods be=e ent]+ into ! *lor9e ba?4 ,! hypo*lor\s acid disappe>s s completely f ?is ba? t x may at once be us$ z ! dye-ba?1 = :i* purpose x is only necess>y to lift ! goods1 add ! requir$ am\nt ( dye-/uff1 re-ent] ! goods & "w until ! ba? is exhau/$1 :i* g5]ally happ5s :5 acid dyes are us$4 ,if a sep>ate dye-ba? be pref]r$1 ?is is 7p4 #jci7 made & us$ z is ord9>ily done4 ,to p]=m all ! op]ations 9 "o ba? ! acid ba? is made ) f #c to #dlb4 sulphuric acid1 & ! wool is treat$ !re9 = ?irty m9utes at #agj;,f41 until all ! acid has be5 absorb$4 ,!n ! ba? is all[$ to cool d[n to #gj or #hj;,f41 ! cle> blea*+ p[d] solution is add$1 ! goods are re-ent]$1 & ! ba? is heat$ to ! boil4 ,:5 all ! *lor9e has disappe>$ add ! dye-/uff1 & dye z direct$ above4 ,9 pr9t+ on wool ! *lor9ation ( ! wool is a mo/ important prelim9>y op]ation4 ,= ?is purpose ! clo? is pass$ = fifte5 m9utes at #agj;,f4 ?r\gh a ba? conta9+ #c_/doz4 sulphuric acid p] gallon ( wat]4 ,!n x is pass$ ?r\gh a cold ba? ( #c_/d oz4 blea*+ p[d] p] gallon ( wat]1 aft] :i* ! clo? is r9s$ & dri$ & is !n ready = pr9t+4 ,ano!r me?od ( *lor+ ! wool is to pass ! goods ?r\gh a ba? made ) #ajj gallons ( wat]1 #b gallons hydro*loric acid & #b gallons blea*+ p[d] solution ( #af,tw4 ,z "s *lor9e is giv5 (f x is be/ to use ?is 9 a well-v5tilat$ place4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 7p4 #jdj7 ,,dye+ ,,ma*9]y ,,& ,,dye+ ,,manipulations4 ,wool is dy$ 9 a v>iety ( =ms1 raw1 loose wool2 p>tly manufactur$ fibre 9 ! =m ( slubb+ or sliv]2 spun fibres or y>ns1 9 hanks or ske9s & 9 w>ps1 & la/ly 9 ! =m ( wov5 pieces4 ,^! diff]5t =ms necessitate ! employm5t ( diff]5t =ms ( ma*9]y & diff]5t modes ( h&l+1 x is evid5t to ! lea/ unobs]vant t x w\ld be q impossible to subject slubb+ or sliv] to ! same treatm5t z y>n or clo?1 o!rwise ! slubb+ w\ld be de/roy$ & r5d]$ valueless4 ,9 ! e>ly days all dye+ 0 done by h& 9 ! simple/ possible contrivances1 b dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury !re has be5 a great developm5t 9 ! quantity ( dye+ t has be5 done1 & ?is has really necessitat$ ! application ( ma*9]y1 = h& "w c\ld n possibly cope ) ! am\nt ( dye+ n[ done4 ,consequ5tly !re has be5 devis$ dur+ ! pa/ two decades a great v>iety ( ma*9es = dye+ e description ( textile fabrics1 "s h n be5 f\nd a practical success = a v>iety ( reasons & h gone out ( use1 o!rs h be5 successful & are 9 use 9 dye-works4 ,h& ,dye+4--,dye+ by h& is c>ri$ on 9 ! simple/ possible appliances1 mu* dep5ds ^u :e!r ! "w c be done at ! ord9>y temp]ature or at ! boil4 ,figure #aj %[s r\nd & oval tubs & a rectangul> vat mu* 9 use 9 dye-h\ses4 ,^! are 7p4 #jda7 made ( wood1 b copp] dye-vats are also made1 ^! may be us$ = all k9ds ( mat]ial--loose fibre1 y>ns or clo?4 ,9 ! case ( loose fibre ?is is /irr$ ab\t ei!r ) poles or ) rakes1 c>e be+ tak5 to turn e "p ov] & ov] & op5 out ! masses ( fibre z mu* z possible 9 ord] to avoid matt+ or clott+ toge!r4 ,9 ! case ( y>ns or ske9s1 ^! are hung on /icks re/+ on ! edges ( ! tub or vat4 ,^! /icks are be/ made ( hickory1 b a% or bee* or any h>d wood t c be work$ smoo? & :i* does n swell mu* :5 treat$ ) wat] may be us$4 ,! usual me?od ( work+ is to hang ! ske9 on ! /ick1 spread+ x out z mu* z possible1 !n imm]se ! y>n 9 ! liquor1 lift x up & d[n two or ?ree times to fully wet out ! y>n1 !n turn ! y>n ov] on ! /ick & repeat ! dipp+ processes1 !n all[ to /eep 9 ! dye-liquor4 ,?is is done ) all ! bat* ( y>n t is to be dy$ at a "t4 ,:5 all ! y>n has be5 ent]$ into ! dye-ba?1 ! fir/ /ickful is lift$ out1 ! y>n turn$ ov] & re-ent]$ 9 ! dye-liquor2 ?is op]ation is c>ri$ out ) all ! /icks ( y>n until ! wool has become dy$ ( ! requir$ dep?4 ,9 ! case ( long rectangul> vats x is cu/om>y = two m51 "o on ea* side ( ! vat1 to turn ! y>ns1 ea* man tak+ *>ge ( ! y>n :i* is ne>e/ to him4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--;,dye+-tubs & ,vat4 ,wov5 goods may be dy$ 9 ! tub or vat1 ! pieces be+ drawn 9 & out by poles1 b ! results are n altoge!r satisfactory1 7p4 #jdb7 & x is pref]able to use ma*9es = dye+ piece goods4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--;,dye-vat ) ,/eam-pipe4 ,pla9 tubs or vats1 su* z ^? %[n 9 figure #aj1 are us$ = dye+ & o!rwise treat+ goods 9 ! cold1 or at a lukew>m heat1 :5 ! supply ( hot wat] c be drawn f a sep>ate boil]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to "w at ! boil1 !n ! vat mu/ be fitt$ ) a /eam coil4 ,?is is be/ laid along ! bottom 9 a s]p5t9e =m4 ,above ! pipe %\ld be an op5 lattice-"w bottom1 :i*1 :ile x p]mits ! free circulation ( boil+ wat] 9 ! vat1 prev5ts ! mat]ial be+ dy$ f com+ 9 contact ) ! /eam pipe4 ,?is is important if uni=m %ades are to be dy$1 = any excessive heat+ ( any portion ( ! ba? leads to /a9s be+ produc$ on ! mat]ial 9 t "p ( ! ba?4 ,figure #aa %[s a vat fitt$ ) a /eam pipe4 ,t portion 7p4 #jdc7 ( ! /eam pipe :i* passes d[n at ! end ( ! vat is 9 a small comp>tm5t box$ (f f ! ma9 body ( ! vat1 s t no "p ( ! mat]ial :i* is be+ dy$ c come 9 contact ) x4 ,a clos$ /eam coil w1 on ! :ole1 give ! be/ results1 z !n no weak5+ ( ! dye-liquor c take place ?r\gh dilution by ! cond5sation ( ! /eam4 ,_m dye-vats are1 h[ev]1 fitt$ ) p]=at$1 or z !y are call$1 op5 /eam coils1 9 :i* case !re is1 p]haps1 bett] circulation ( ! liquor 9 ! dye-vat1 b z "s ( ! /eam mu/ cond5se !re is a little dilution ( x4 ,,dye+ ,,ma*9es4 ,dye-tubs & vats1 su* z ^? describ$ above1 h be5 l>gely sup]s$$ by ma*9es 9 :i* ! h&l+ or work+ ( ! mat]ials be+ dy$ is effect$ by me*anical means4 ,!re h be5 a l>ge numb] ( dye+ ma*9es inv5t$1 "s ( ^! h n be5 f\nd to be v practical1 & s !y h gone out ( use4 ,space w n admit ( a detail$ acc\nt ( e k9d ( ma*9e1 b only ( ^? :i* are 9 con/ant use 9 dye-works4 ,dye+ ,loose or ,raw ,wool & ,cotton4--,few ma*9es h be5 design$ = ?is purpose1 & ab\t ! only successful "o is ,delahunty's ,dye+ ,ma*9e4--,?is is illu/rat$ 9 figure #ab4 ,x consi/s ( a drum made ( lattice "w :i* c revolve inside an out] wood5 cas+4 ,! int]ior ( ! revolv+ drum is fitt$ ) hooks or f+]s1 ^: action is to keep ! mat]ial op54 ,"o segm5t ( ! drum is made to op5 s t ! loose cotton or wool to be dy$ c be ins]t$4 ,by suitable ge>+ ! drum c be revolv$1 & ! dye-liquor1 :i* is 9 ! l[] half ( ! wood5 cas+1 p5etrates ?r\gh ! lattice "w ( ! drum1 & dyes 7p4 #jdd7 ! mat]ial conta9$ 9 x4 ,! con/ruction ( ! ma*9e is well %[n 9 ! draw+1 :ile ! mode ( work+ is obvi\s f x & ! description j giv54 ,! ma*9e is v successful1 & well adapt$ = dye+ loose or raw wool & cotton4 ,! mat]ial may be sc\r$1 blea*$1 dy$ or o!rwise treat$ 9 ?is ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--;,delahunty's ,dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,! ,ob]mai] ,ma*9e1 pres5tly to be describ$1 may also be us$ = dye+ loose cotton or wool4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--,ob]mai] ,dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,dye+ ,slubb+1 ,sliv] or ,c>d$ ,wool4--,x is f\nd 9 practice t ! dye+ ( loose wool is n altoge!r satisfactory1 ! impurities !y naturally conta9 int]f]e ) ! purity ( ! 7p4 #jde7 %ade !y w take4 ,!n aga9 ! dyes & mordants us$ 9 dye+ !m are f\nd to h "s action on ! wire ( ! c>d+ eng9e ?r\gh :i* !y are pass$2 at any rate1 a c>d does n la/ z long :5 work+ dy$ wools z :5 us$ on undy$ cotton or wool fibres4 ,yet = ! production ( c]ta9 fancy y>ns = weav+ "s special classes ( fabrics x is desirable to dye ! wool be=e x is spun into ?read4 ,! be/ plan is und\bt$ly to dye ! fibre aft] x has be5 c>d$ & p>tly spun into :at is kn[n z slubb+1 or sliv]4 ,all ! impurities h be5 remov$1 ! wool fibres are laid /raight1 & s x becomes mu* easi] to dye4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z x is necess>y to keep ! sliv] or slubb+ /raight & level1 no work+ ab\t 9 ! dye-liquors c be all[$ to take place1 & s su* mu/ be dy$ 9 specially con/ruct$ ma*9es1 & "o ( ! be/ ( ^! is ! ,ob]mai] ,dye+ ,ma*9e1 :i* is illu/rat$ 9 figure #ac4--;,9 7p4 #jdf7 ! ,ob]mai] app>atus dye-vat1 ,a1 is plac$ a cage consi/+ ( an inn] p]=at$ metal cyl9d]1 ,c1 & an out] p]=at$ metal cyl9d]1 ,d2 betwe5 ^! two is plac$ ! mat]ial to be dy$4 ,c is 9 contact ) ! suction end ( a c5trifugal pump1 ,p1 ! deliv]y end ( :i* dis*>ges into ! dye-vat ,a4 ,! work+ ( ! ma*9e is z foll[s3 ! slubb+ or sliv] is plac$ 9 ! space betwe5 ,c & ,d r tightly1 s t x w n move ab\t4 ,!n ! inn] cage is plac$ 9 ! dye-vat z %[n4 ,! vat is fill$ ) ! dye-liquor1 :i* c be heat$ up by a /eam pipe4 ,! pump is set 9 motion1 ! dye-liquor is drawn f ,a to ,c1 & 9 s do+ passes ?r\gh ! mat]ial pack$ 9 ,b & dyes x4 ,! circulation ( ! liquor is c>ri$ on z long z exp]i5ce %[s to be necess>y4 ,! dye-liquor is run (f1 hot wat] is run 9 to wa% ! dy$ mat]ial1 & ! pump is kept runn+ = "s "t to ensure ?or\gh r9s+1 !n ! wat] is run (f1 & by keep+ ! pump runn+ & air go+ ?r\gh a c]ta9 am\nt ( dry+ c be effect$4 ,?is ma*9e works v well1 & ) a little exp]i5ce con/ant results c 7p4 #jdg7 be obta9$4 ,! slubb+ or sliv] may be sc\r$1 blea*$1 r9s$1 dy$1 wa%$1 soap$1 or o!rwise treat$ )\t remov+ x f ! ma*9e1 :i* is a mo/ decid$ advantage4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--,read ,holliday's ,y>n-dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,y>n ,dye+ ,ma*9es4--,9 figure #ad is giv5 an illu/ration ( a ma*9e = dye+ y>n 9 ! hank =m1 made by ,messrs4 ,read ,holliday ,sons1 ( ,hudd]sfield4 ,! illu/ration gives a v good idea ( ! ma*9e4 ,x consi/s ( a wood5 dye-vat1 :i* c be heat$ by /eam pipes 9 ! usual way4 ,ext5d+ ov] ! vat are a numb] ( reels or bobb9s1 ^! are be/ made ( wood or enamell$ iron4 ,^! reels are 9 connection ) suitable ge>+1 s t !y c be revolv$4 ,!re is also an arrangem5t by means ( :i* ! reels c be lift$ bodily 9 & out ( ! dye-vat = ! purpose ( tak+ on & (f ! hanks ( y>n4 ,a reel w hold ab\t #blb4 ( y>n4 ,! work+ ( ! ma*9e is simple4 ,! vat is fill$ ) ! requisite dye-liquor4 ,! reels :i* are lift$ out ( ! vat are !n *>g$ ) ! y>n1 :i* has be5 previ\sly wett$ out4 ,!y are !n set 9 revolution & dropp$ into ! dye-vat1 & kept !re until x is se5 t ! y>n has acquir$ ! desir$ %ade4 ,! reels are lift$ out & ! hanks remov$ :5 ! ma*9e is ready = ano!r lot ( y>n4 ,!re are sev]al mak]s ( hank-dye+ ma*9es ( ?is type1 & z a rule !y "w v well4 ,! only s\rce ( tr\ble is a slight t5d5cy = ! y>n on "o reel if hung loosely ( becom+ entangl$ ) ! y>n on o!r reels4 ,?is is to "s ext5t obviat$ by hang+ 9 ! bottom ( ! hank a roll]1 :i* acts z a weight & keeps ! y>n /ret*$ & s prev5ts x fly+ ab\t4 ,to "s makes ( ^! ma*9es a hank wr+] is atta*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--,klaud]-,weldon ,dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,klaud]-,weldon ,hank-dye+ ,ma*9e4--,?is is illu/rat$ 9 7p4 #jdh7 figure #ae1 :i* %[s ! late/ =m4 ,x consi/s ( a half-cyl9drical dye-vat built ( wood4 ,on a c5tral axis is built two discs or rod c>ri]s1 :i* c revolve 9 ! dye-vat1 ! revolution be+ giv5 by suitable ge>+ :i* is %[n at ! side ( ! ma*9e4 ,on ! out] edge ( ! discs are clips = c>ry+ rods on :i* "o end ( ! hanks ( y>n is hung1 :ile ! o!r end is plac$ on a simil> rod c>ri] ne> ! axle4 ,! revolution ( ! discs c>ries ! y>n ?r\gh ! dye-liquor conta9$ 9 ! l[] semi-cyl9drical "p ( ! ma*9e previ\sly allud$ to4 7p4 #jdi7 ,at a c]ta9 po9t 9 e revolution ( ! discs ! rods c>ry+ ! y>ns are turn$ a little2 ?is causes ! y>n to move on ! rods1 & ?is motion helps to br+ ab\t great] ev5ness ( dye+4 ,! mo/ mod]n =m ( ?is ma*9e is provid$ ) an arrangem5t by means ( :i* ! :ole bat* ( y>n c be lift$ out ( ! dye-liquor4 ,arrangem5ts are made by :i* f "t to "t fre% quantities ( dyes c be add$ if requir$ to br+ up ! dy$ y>n to any desir$ %ade4 ,?is ma*9e works well & gives good results4 ,beyond ! necess>y lab\r 9 *>g+ & dis*>g+1 & a little att5tion f "t to "t z ! op]ation proce$s1 to see if ! dye+ is com+ up to %ade1 ! ma*9e requires little att5tion4 ,_m o!r =ms ( hank-dye+ ma*9e h be5 devis$4 ,!re is ,corron's1 9 :i* an ord9>y rectangul> dye-vat is us$4 ,r\nd ?is is a framework :i* c>ries a lift+ & fall+ arrangem5t t travels to & fro along ! vat4 ,! hanks ( y>n are hung on rods ( a special con/ruction design$ to op5 !m out 9 a mann] z ne>ly approa*+ h& "w z is possible4 ,! ma*9e works 9 ?is way4 ,! lift+ arrangem5t is at "o end ( ! vat1 ! hanks are hung on ! rods & plac$ 9 ! vat4 ,!n ! lift] is set 9 motion & moves along ! vat2 z x does s x lifts up ea* rod full ( y>n1 turns x ov]1 op5+ out ! y>n 9 s do+1 !n x drops x aga9 9 ! vat4 ,:5 x has travell$ to ! end ( ! vat x returns1 pack+ up ! rods ( y>n 9 s do+1 & ?is motion is kept up until ! dye+ is complet$4 ,?is ma*9e is v +5i\s4 ,a type ( ma*9e :i* has be5 made by sev]al mak]s consi/s ( an ord9>y rectangul> dye-vat surr\nd$ ) a framework c>ry+ a numb] ( sets ( endless *a9s1 ! l9ks ( :i* c>ry f+]s4 ,! hanks ( y>n are hung on rods at "o end ( :i* is a too? 7p4 #jej7 :eel t :5 9 position fits into a rack on ! side ( ! vat4 ,! action ( ! ma*9e is ?is1 ! hanks are hung on ! rods & plac$ at ! entrance end ( ! vat1 by ! mov+ ( ! *a9s x is c>ri$ along ! vat & at ! same "t revolves1 ?us turn+ ov] ! y>n1 :i* hangs 9 ! dye-liquor2 :5 x rea*es ! opposite end ( ! vat1 ! rod full ( y>n is lift$ out1 c>ri$ upw>ds & !n t[>ds ! o!r end ( ! vat :5 x is aga9 dropp$ into ! dye-vat to g ?r\gh ! same cycle ( movem5ts :i* is cont9u$ until ! y>n is prop]ly dy$4 ,piece ,dye+ ,ma*9es4--,:]ev] x is possible x is f> m pref]able to dye textile fabrics 9 ! =m ( wov5 pieces r ?an 9 ! y>n f :i* !y are wov54 ,dur+ ! process ( weav+ x is q impossible to avoid ! mat]ial gett+ dirty & some:at greasy1 & ! op]ations ( sc\r+ necess>y to remove ?is dirt & grease has an impair+ action on ! col\r if dy$ y>ns h be5 us$ 9 weav+ x4 ,?is is avoid$ :5 ! pieces are wov5 fir/ & dy$ aft]w>ds1 & ?is c always be done :5 ! clo?s are dy$ 9 "o col\r only4 ,( c\rse :5 ! goods are fancy goods conta9+ sev]al col\rs !y h to be wov5 f dy$ y>ns4 ,! mo/ common =m ( ma*9e 9 :i* pieces are dy$ is ! jigg]1 commonly call$ ! jig1 ?is is %[n 9 figure #af4 ,x consi/s ( a dye-vessel made long1 suffici5tly s to take ! piece full wid?1 wide at ! top1 n>r[ at ! bottom4 ,at ! top on ea* side is plac$ a l>ge w9d+ roll] on :i* ! clo? is w\nd4 ,at ! bottom ( ! jig is plac$ a guide roll] r\nd :i* passes ! clo?4 ,9 "s makes ( jigs !re are two guide roll]s at ! bottom & "o at ! top z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 s t ! clo? passes sev]al times ?r\gh ! dye-liquor4 ,9 work+ ! clo? is fir/ w\nd on "o ( ! roll]s !n ?read$ ?r\gh ! guide 7p4 #jea7 roll]s & atta*$ to ! o!r w9d+ roll]4 ,:5 ?is is done dye-liquor is run into ! jig1 & ! ge>+ set 9 motion1 & ! clo? w\nd f ! full on to ! empty roll]4 ,) ! object ( keep+ ! piece tight a heavy press roll] is arrang$ to be> on ! clo? on ! full roll]4 ,:5 all ! clo? has pass$ f "o roll] to ! o!r x is said to h be5 giv5 "o end4 ,! direction ( motion is n[ *ang$ & ! clo? s5t 9 ! opposite direction ?r\gh ! jig & ! piece has n[ receiv$ ano!r end4 ,?is alt]nation f "o roll] to ! o!r is cont9u$ z long z is deem$ necess>y1 mu* dep5d+ on ! dep? ( col\r :i* is be+ dy$1 "s pale %ades may only take two or ?ree ends1 deep] %ades may take m4 ,:5 dye+ wool ) acid col\rs :i* are all absorb$ f ! dye-liquor1 or ! ba? is exhau/$1 x is a good plan to run ! pieces sev]al ends s z to ensure ?or\gh fixation ( ! dye on ! clo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--;,dye-jigg]s4 ,x is n advisable 9 work+ ^! jigs to add ! :ole ( ! dye to ! liquor at ! comm5cem5t1 b only a "p ( x1 !n :5 "o end is giv5 ano!r portion ( ! dye may be add$1 su* 7p4 #jeb7 portions be+ always 9 ! =m ( solution4 ,add+ dyes 9 p[d] =m inevitably leads to ! production ( col\r specks on ! f9i%$ goods4 ,! reason = ?us add+ ! dye-/uff 9 portions is t ) "s dyes ! aff9ity = ! fibre is s great t if all 7 add$ at once x w\ld be absorb$ be=e ! clo? _h be5 giv5 "o end1 &1 fur!r1 ! clo? w\ld be v deep at ! front end :ile x w\ld %ade (f to no col\r at ! o!r end4 ,by add+ ! dye 9 portions ?is difficulty is ov]come & m level %ades are obta9$1 b x is met ) 9 all cases ( jigg] dye+4 ,x is mo/ common 9 dye+ wool ) basic dyes l ,mag5ta1 ,auram9e1 7p4 #jec7 ,me?yl ,violet or ,brilliant ,gre51 & ) acid dyes l ,acid ,gre51 ,=myl ,violets1 ,azo ,sc>let or ,acid ,yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--;,dye-jigg] 9 ,section4 ,"s attempts h be5 made to make jigg]s automatic 9 _! rev]s+ action1 b !y h n be5 successful ow+ to ! greatly v>y+ conditions ( l5g? ( pieces1 _! ?ickness1 etc41 :i* h to be dy$1 & x is next to impossible to make all all[ances = su* v>y+ conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,w9ce ,dye ,beck4 ,9 figure #ag is %[n ! jig 9 section1 :5 ! work+ ( ! ma*9e c be m easily trac$4 ,! ,jig ,w9ce or ,w9ce ,dye ,beck4--,?is dye+ ma*9e is v l>gely us$1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! dye+ ( wooll5 clo?s4 ,x is made by _m mak]s1 & v>ies some:at 9 =m accord+ly4 ,figures #ah to #ba %[ ?ree =ms by diff]5t mak]s4 ,9 any make ! jig w9ce or w9ce dye beck consi/s ( a l>ge rectangul>1 or 9 "s cases 7p4 #jed7 semi-cyl9drical1 dye-vat4 ,probably ! be/ %ape w\ld be to h a vat ) "o /raight side at ! front1 & "o curv$ side at ! back4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,w9ce ,dye ,beck4 ,9 "s a small guide roll] is fitt$ at ! bottom1 "u :i* ! pieces to be dy$ pass4 ,/eam pipes are provid$ = heat+ ! dye-liquors4 ,! beck %\ld be fitt$ ) a false bottom1 made ( wood1 p]=at$ ) holes1 or ( wood5 lattice "w1 & "u :i* ! /eam pipes are plac$4 ,! object be+ to prev5t ! pieces f com+ 9 contact ) ! /eam pipes1 & s 7p4 #jee7 prev5t+ ! production ( /a9s4 ,above ! dye-vat & t[>ds ! back is ! w9ce1 a revolv+ skeleton :eel1 :i* draws ! pieces out ( ! dye-vat at ! front1 & deliv]s !m into x aga9 at ! back4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is w9ce is well %[n 9 ! draw+s4 ,! w9ce w take ! pieces full bread?1 b (t5 !y are some:at fold$1 & s sev]al pieces1 f\r1 five or six1 c be dealt ) at "o "t4 ,9 ?is case a guide rail is provid$ 9 ! front "p ( ! ma*9e4 ,9 ?is rail are pegs :i* s]ve to keep ! pieces ( clo? sep>ate1 & s prev5t entanglem5ts4 ,! pieces are /it*$ end to end s z to =m an endless b&4 ,:5 runn+ ?r\gh ! vat !y fall d[n 9 folds at ! back "p ( ! beck1 & are drawn out f ! bottom & up 9 ! front4 ,ea* "p ?us rema9s = "s "t 9 ! dye-liquor1 dur+ :i* x necess>ily takes up ! dye4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--,plu% ,fabric ,dye+ ,ma*9e4 ,figures #ah & #ai %[ =ms ( ^! w9ce dye+ ma*9es1 con/ruct$ ( wood1 & v l>gely us$ 9 ! dye+ ( wooll5 clo?s4 ,!y are s]viceable =ms1 & give v good results1 be+ suitable = all dyes4 ,figure #bj is a =m ( ma*9e bett] adapt$ ?an ! prec$+ 7p4 #jef7 = ! dye+ ( plu% fabrics4 ,9 ?is k9d ( clo? x is important t ! pile %\ld n be int]f]$ ) 9 any way1 & exp]i5ce has %[n t ! w9ces ( ! =m %[n 9 figures #ah & #ai are r apt to spoil ! pile2 fur!r1 ( c\rse1 plu% fabrics are dy$ full bread? or op54 ,9 ! w9ce n[ %[n all tr\bles are 7p4 #jeg7 avoid$1 & plu% fabrics c be satisfactorily dy$ 9 !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--;,copp] ,cas$ ,dye ,beck4 ,ma!r ,platt4 ,figure #ba %[s a dye-ba? built ( iron1 cas$ ) copp]1 suitable = dye+ mo/ col\rs on wooll5 clo?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,read ,holliday's ,hawk+ ,ma*9e4 ,9 ! jig & w9ce dye+ ma*9es ! pieces necess>ily are = a "p ( ! "t1 long] 9 ! case ( ! jigg] ?an 9 t ( ! w9ce1 out ( ! dye-liquor & expos$ to ! air4 ,9 ! case ( "s dyes1 indigo especially1 ?is is n desirable1 & yet x is advisable to run ! clo? op5 = "s "t 9 ! liquor s z to get ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! dye-liquor4 ,! s-call$ hawk+ ma*9e1 figure #bb1 is an illu/ration ( ,read ,holliday's hawk+ ma*9e1 made by ,messrs4 ,read ,holliday ,sons1 ( ,hudd]sfield4 ,!re is ! dye-vat z usual2 9 ?is is susp5d$ ! draw+ me*anism1 ^: con/ruction is well %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,?is is a pair ( roll]s driv5 by suitable ge>+1 betwe5 :i* ! clo? passes1 & by :i* x is drawn ?r\gh ! ma*9e4 ,a small roll] ensures ! clo? prop]ly leav+ ! l>ge roll]s1 7p4 #jeh7 !n !re is a lattice-"w arrangem5t ov] ! pieces are drawn4 ,9 actual "w ! :ole ( ?is arrangem5t is bel[ ! surface ( ! dye-liquor 9 ! vat4 ,! piece to be dy$ is ?read$ ?r\gh ! ma*9e ! ends /it*$ toge!r1 !n ! arrangem5t is l[]$ into ! dye-vat & set 9 motion1 :]eby ! clo? is drawn cont9u\sly 9 ! op5 =m ?r\gh ! dye-liquor1 ?is be+ done z long z exp]i5ce %[s to be necess>y4 ,?is hawk+ ma*9e w be f\nd useful 9 dye+ indigo on wool1 9 mordant+ & dye+ wool ) ! ,aliz>9e s]ies ( dyes4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 7p4 #jei7 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,wool ,,dye+4 ,! v>i\s me?ods :i* are us$ 9 dye+ wool h1 ( c\rse1 und]ly+ !m c]ta9 pr9ciples on :i* !y are bas$1 & on ! obs]vance ( :i* mu* ( ! success ( ! process dep5ds4 ,sometimes ^! pr9ciples are ov]look$ by dy]s1 ) ! result t !y d n get good results f _! "w4 ,x mu/ be obvi\s to any p]son ) any te*nical k t all processes ( dye+ ei!r wool or silk1 or cotton or any o!r fibre1 mu/ take into consid]ation ! prop]ties ( ! fibre on ! "o h&1 & t ( ! dye-/uff on ! o!r4 ,wool mu/ be treat$ diff]5tly f cotton1 a process ( dye+ :i* gives good results ) ! latt] fibre w\ld lead to no?+ b disa/r\s effects ) wool or silk2 on ! o!r h&1 processes are us$ 9 ! dye+ ( wool :i* c\ld n be possibly us$ = cotton on acc\nt ( ! v diff]5t prop]ties ( ! fibre4 ,a few words z to ! prop]ties ( wool z f> z !y relate to ! me?ods ( dye+ may be ( use4 ,wool has ! prop]ty ( resi/+ ! action ( acids 9 a great degree1 s t x may be treat$ ) ev5 /rong acids ) impunity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 alkalies & alkal9e solutions h /rong action on x2 ! cau/ic alkalies rapidly dissolve wool1 & _! use mu/ be avoid$ 9 all cases ( dye+ ?is fibre4 ,! c>bonates ( ! alkalies h n s /rong an action1 & !re=e may be us$ 9 mod]ation2 nev]!less1 7p4 #jfj7 too /rong solutions ( ^! %\ld n be us$4 ,soap has no dis9tegrat+ action on wool1 & soap solutions may be us$ :5ev] necess>y = cleans+ or dye+ wool4 ,ammonia has no action on wool1 & x may be us$ 9 place ( soap if desir$4 ,!re is "o feature ( wool t mu/ be allud$ to "h1 & t is its felt+ prop]ty4 ,:5 wool is boil$ ) wat] & is h&l$ a good deal1 ! fibres clot or felt toge!r into a firm coh]5t mass4 ,?is %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible1 & :5 wool is cleans$ & dy$ 9 ! loose condition x is absolutely necess>y t e c>e be tak5 to avoid felt+4 ,?is condition is mu* influ5c$ by ! temp]ature & ! condition ( ! ba? 9 :i* ! wool is be+ treat$1 too high a temp]ature or too prolong$ a treatm5t t5ds to increase ! felt+1 !re=e 9 dye+ wool prolong$ treatm5t at ! boil mu/ be avoid$4 ,fur!r1 ! condition ( ! ba? has "s influ5ce on ?is po9t2 x is f\nd t an alkal9e ba? t5ds to consid]ably increase ! felt+ prop]ties ( ! wool1 & on ?is acc\nt dy]s inv>iably avoid ! use ( bo? ! cau/ic & c>bonat$ alkalies4 ,/rong soap liquors h also "s influ5ce 9 ! direction ( increas+ ! felt+1 !re=e soap %\ld n be us$ if x c possibly be done )\t4 ,ammonia has n s /rong a felt+ action z ! o!r alkalies4 ,acids1 on ! o!r h&1 ex]t a ret>d+ action on ! felt+ ( ! wool1 & ?is is a matt] ( "s int]e/ & importance 9 ! dye+ ( wool1 z an acid condition ( ! ba? is necess>y = dye+ by f> ! great majority ( col\r+ matt]s on ?is fibre4 ,alkal9e salts1 su* z ,glaub]'s salt & common salt1 ex]t little or no influ5ce on ?is felt+ prop]ty1 & c be add$ to dye-ba?s ) impunity1 & 9 _m cases ) good effect1 s f> z ! quality ( dye+ is conc]n$4 ,s f> z ! prop]ties ( ! wool are conc]n$1 x is se5 7p4 #jfa7 t an acid condition ( ! dye-ba? w "w bett] ?an an alkal9e condition1 & :]ev] x is possible to use acids su* %\ld be add$4 ,:at has be5 said 9 reg>d to wool is equally true ( all fibres d]iv$ f animals 9 ! same way z wool is1 su* z horse-hair1 fur ( rabbits1 h>es & o!r animals1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 !re are "s m9or diff]5ces betwe5 diff]5t furs 9 _! resi/ance to ! action ( acids & alkalies4 ,! next feature t influ5ces ! me?ods ( dye+ wool is ! v>y+ prop]ties ( ! dye-/uffs1 or col\r+ matt]s4 ,x is obvi\s t ^? :i*1 l ,mag5ta or ,saffran9e1 h a /rong aff9ity = ! wool fibre mu/ be dy$ diff]5tly f ^? :i*1 l ,aliz>9e & ,gamb9e1 h no direct aff9ity = ! wool fibre1 &1 fur!r1 :i* require ! aid ( mordants be=e !y c be dy$1 & on ! "* ( :i* mordants ! col\r t is fix$ on ! fibre dep5ds4 ,! dye-/uffs1 indep5d5tly ( ! "q :e!r !y be d]iv$ f natural s\rces or be ( artificial orig91 may be r\ghly divid$ into five gr\ps1 "s ( :i* may also be subdivid$ aga9 z w be %[n lat] on4 ,^! gr\ps may be nam$ ! 7#a7 ,neutral1 7#b7 ,basic1 7#c7 ,acid1 7#d7 ,mordant1 & 7#e7 ,indigo dye-/uffs4 ,! fir/ two classes are practically dy$ 9 ! same way2 b z !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! *emical composition ( ! col\r+ matt]s compris$ 9 !m1 x w be be/ to consid] !m sep>ately4 ,fir/ ,me?od4--,?is me?od is us$ 9 apply+ ! n[ l>ge & increas+ gr\p ( azo dye-/uffs1 :i* are *>act]is$ by be+ able to dye unmordant$ cotton f a simple boil+ ba?4 ,! dye-/uffs t are appli$ by ! me?od n[ to be describ$ include su* z ,b5zopurpur9e1 ,*rysam9e1 ,*rysoph59e1 ,titan r$1 ,titan yell[1 ,b5zo br[n1 ,diam9e r$1 ,diam9e br[n1 ,diam9e blue1 7p4 #jfb7 ,congo blue1 ,congo r$1 etc4 ,! dye+ is done 9 a ba? at ! boil4 ,if ! ba? conta9$ only ! dye-/uffs !re w\ld be a liability = ! dye+ to be unev51 to prev5t :i* a sal9e comp\nd1 su* z salt1 is add$4 ,tak+ x all r\nd1 salt is ! be/ body to add z x suits all col\rs v well inde$4 ,!n come ,glaub]'s salts2 borax & phosphate ( soda c also be us$1 b1 ow+ to _! slight alkal9e prop]ties1 !y are n s good z ! neutral salts1 l ! two fir/ nam$4 ,:5 ^! col\r+ matt]s are dy$ on cotton "s ( !m dye be/ 9 a ba? conta9+ pota% or soda1 b ^! bodies1 = reasons previ\sly po9t$ out1 are n available 9 wool dye+1 & %\ld nev] be us$4 ,wool dyes be/ 9 a slightly acid ba?1 & ?is may be tak5 advantage ( 9 dye+ ! yell[s & blues ( ?is gr\p by add+ a small quantity ( acetic acid4 ,! r$s1 z a rule1 are affect$ by acids1 &1 !re=e1 x is n possible to use an acid ba? ) ,b5zopurpur9e1 ,congo r$1 ) ! possible exception ( ! ,titan r$s & sc>lets1 ,diam9e sc>let1 ,b5zo fa/ sc>let1 ,purpuram9e1 :i* are fa/] to acetic acid ?an ! o!r r$s ( ?is class ( dye-/uffs4 ,probably ! be/ plan ( dye+ ^! col\rs is to fir/ heat ! ba? to ab\t #afj;,f41 !n ent] ! goods1 & turn ov] two or ?ree times to ensure t !y are ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) dye-liquor4 ,! ba? is n[ rais$ to ! boil1 &1 /eam be+ turn$ (f1 ! goods are h&l$ )\t fur!r /eam until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$4 ,ano!r plan is to ent] ! goods :5 ! ba? is at ab\t #aej;,f41 &1 aft] rais+ to ! boil1 to "w = half to "o h\r at t heat2 b ! plan fir/ describ$ gives r bett] results1 & is f> pref]able4 ,! dye-ba?s1 z a rule1 are n completely exhau/$1 except :5 v pale %ades are be+ dy$2 9 no case is x necess>y to ?r[ ! dye-ba? away1 b simply to add ! requir$ am\nt ( dye-/uff = a new bat*2 7p4 #jfc7 ) ^? col\r+ matt]s :i* are n entirely exhau/$ f ! ba? a small] am\nt1 g5]ally ab\t ?ree-f\r?s only1 is requir$ to be add$1 ) ab\t "o-?ird ! quantity ( salt :i* 0 add$ to ! fir/ ba?4 ,( c\rse x is n advisable to keep ! same ba? or liquor 9 "w always1 b aft] ab\t tw5ty or ?irty bat*es ( goods are dy$ to ?r[ x away & />t a fre% liquor4 ,z a rule x w be f\nd t ^! dye-/uffs are m ?or\ghly tak5 up f ! ba? ?an is ! case 9 dye+ cotton2 ?us (t5 ) ! same am\nt ( dye-/uff 9 proportion to ! mat]ial us$ ! wool w dye r a deep] %ade ?an w cotton4 ,9 "s cases1 especially ) ! blues & violets1 ! %ade is greatly diff]5t on wool f :at x is on cotton1 be+ g5]ally r$d] & mu* /rong]4 7,see ! *apt] on ,union ,dye+47 ,:ile ! %ades are some:at fa/] to light on wool ?an !y are on cotton1 !y are no fa/] to soap+ & 9 "s cases n s fa/4 ,:at may be ! function ( ! salt1 or o!r su* add$ sub/ance1 is n v cle>1 probably x plays ! same "p z to simil> bodies 9 dye+ ! basic dye-/uffs4 ,! dye-/uffs :i* are ref]r$ to above are all d]iv$ f coal-t>1 & 9 ! recipes :i* foll[ _m examples ( _! use w be f\nd4 ,!re are b few natural dye-/uffs t h any direct aff9ity = wool4 ,turm]ic1 saffron1 anotta1 are ab\t ! only repres5tatives1 & ^! are n ( mu* importance 9 wool dye+ by !mselves1 al?\gh !y are sometimes us$ 9 conjunction ) o!r natural dye-/uffs1 :5 !y are appli$ by a process :i* is adapt$ m especially = ! o!r dye-/uff :i* is us$4 ,second ,me?od4--,! me?od ( wool dye+ n[ be+ dealt ) does n diff] ess5tially f t describ$ above1 b z x is appli$ to q a diff]5t class ( dye-/uffs x is ?\ght bett] to consid] x z a second me?od4 ,! dye-/uffs made use ( 9 7p4 #jfd7 ?is me?od are :at are call$ ! basic coal-t> col\rs1 & x may be rem>k$ 9 pass+ t !re are no natural col\r+ matt]s hav+ ! same prop]ties4 ,^! dye-/uffs are d]iv$ f a numb] ( s-call$ col\r bases1 su* z ,rosanil9e1 ,p>>osanil9e1 ,me?ylrosanil9e1 ,ph5yl-rosanil9e1 & ,auram9e base4 ,_m ( ^! are col\rless bodies conta9+ ! ,amidog5 gr\p ,,nh#b1 :i* imp>ts to !m basic prop]ties enabl+ !m to comb9e ) solids to =m salts1 & ^! salts h a /rong col\r+ p[]4 ,!y =m ! comm]cial dye-/uffs ,mag5ta1 ,saffran9e1 ,?i(lav9e ,t1 ,auram9e1 ,b5z(lav9e1 ,brilliant gre51 ,me?yl violet1 etc41 & ^! are salts 7usually ! hydro*loride7 ( col\r bases4 ,all ^! basic dye-/uffs h /rong aff9ity = ! wool fibre1 & w imm$iately comb9e ) x1 dye+ x 9 col\rs :i* resi/ wa%+1 etc41 to a consid]able ext5t1 al?\gh !re are great diff]5ces betwe5 ! v>i\s memb]s ( ! gr\p 9 ?is respect4 ,x has be5 %[n t :at takes place 9 dy+ wool ) ^! col\r+ matt]s is t ! col\r base comb9es ) ! fibre ! acid ( ! dye-/uff rema9+ 9 ! dye-liquor4 ,al?\gh x is possible to dye wool ) ! basic dyes f a pla9 ba? conta9+ wat] only1 yet ! results are n satisfactory1 especially :5 work+ on a l>ge scale2 & = dye+ pale %ades especially1 ! aff9ity ( ! dye-/uff = ! fibre is s great t ! fir/ portions ( ! goods :i* are ent]$ into ! dye-ba? h a great t5d5cy to absorb all ! dye-/uff1 or ! l>g] proportion ( x1 s t unev5 dye+ is ! result1 "o end ( ! piece ( clo? be+ d>k] ?an ! o!r end4 ,?is defect is p>ticul>ly acc5tuat$ :5 pale t9ts are be+ dy$1 ! col\r+ matt] be+ completely absorb$ be=e all ! goods are ent]$ into ! ba?1 b x may be rem$i$ by add+ ! dye-/uff to ! ba? 9 small quantities at int]vals dur+ ! process ( dye+4 ,! 7p4 #jfe7 be/ & mo/ satisfactory me?od1 h[ev]1 is to add to ! ba? #aj p] c5t4 ( ! weight ( ! wool ( ,glaub]'s salt1 or "s o!r neutral alkal9e salt1 :i* addition almo/ entirely prev5ts any defect ( unev5 dye+4 ,h[ ^! assi/ant mordants act is some:at unc]ta91 ! explanation g5]ally giv5 is t !y ex]t a slightly solv5t action on ! dye-/uff1 & s prev5t x f go+ ^u ! fibre too readily4 ,?is is sc>cely an adequate explanation1 b 9 want ( a bett] x w h to /&4 ,! aff9ity ( ! basic dyes = wool increases ) increase ( temp]ature4 ,?is is a prop]ty t has an important be>+ on ! me?od ( dye+1 & to any p]son :o pays "s att5tion to !ory 9 its practical applications x indicates ! mo/ rational me?od ( work+1 :i* is to ent] ! goods into ! ba? cold1 or1 at ! mo/1 at a h& heat1 !n1 aft] work+ a %ort "t to get ! goods ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! dye-/uff1 to gradually raise ! temp]ature to ! boil & "w = f half an h\r to an h\r long]1 ev5 if be=e ?is "t ! dye-ba? be exhau/$4 ,! reason = giv+ a fair l5g? ( "t 9 ! ba? is to get ! col\r prop]ly fix$ on ! fibre4 ,! comb9ation ( ! dye-/uff & ! fibre is a *emical "o1 &1 z /at$ above1 ! dye-/uff has to be decompos$ s t ! base may comb9e ) ! ess5tial con/itu5t ( ! wool fibre1 :ile x is obvi\s t ?is decomposition & !n ! union ( ! col\r base ) ! wool mu/ take "t1 & z x is effect$ m easily & completely at ! boil+ po9t1 x is advisable to "w ! goods 9 ! ba? s z to fully insure t !y are giv5 ! necess>y "t = ! *emical *ange to take place4 ,! dye-ba? is g5]ally completely exhau/$ ( col\r1 b if fairly clean x ne$ n be ?r[n away1 b us$ = ano!r bat* ( wool by simply add+ m ,glaub]'s salt & dye-/uff4 ,aft] a 7p4 #jff7 "t ! ba? gets too dirty to us$1 :5 x may be ?r[n away1 & a new dye-liquor made up4 ,9 dye+ = pale %ades x is be/ to add ! dye-/uff 9 small quantities at int]vals dur+ ! process ( dye+1 & to run ! goods quickly ?r\gh ! ba?1 s z n to give ! dye-/uff too mu* opportunity to become absorb$ by a portion ( ! goods only4 ,work+ accord+ to ! h9ts giv5 above1 ! dye+ ( wool ) ! basic coal-t> col\rs may be c>ri$ out 9 a v satisfactory mann]4 ,?ird ,me?od4--,?is me?od consi/s 9 dye+ ! wool 9 a ba? conta9+ ! dye-/uff1 a little acid 7usually sulphuric7 ) ! addition ( ,glaub]'s salt1 or "s o!r alkal9e salt1 ! ess5tial feature or pr9ciple be+ t ! ba? is an acid "o4 ,?is me?od is applicable to ! l>ge gr\p ( azo dye-/uffs d]iv$ f coal t>1 & also to ! acid dyes prep>$ f ! basic coal-t> col\rs by ! process ( sulphonation4 ,x is also us$ to apply indigo c>m9e to wool1 probably ! only good example ( a natural dye-/uff appli$ by ?is process4 ,mo/ ( ! natural col\r+ matt]s1 su* z logwood & fu/ic1 belong to ano!r gr\p ( dye-/uffs4 ,! simple azo dyes are comb9ations ( two or m organic bases1 unit$ toge!r by a peculi> & *>act]i/ic gr\p ( nitrog5 atoms4 ,su* azo col\rs are1 h[ev]1 insoluble 9 wat]1 & !re=e !y _c be us$ 9 dye+ & textile col\r+1 al?\gh ! firm ( ,messrs4 ,read ,holliday ,sons ye>s ago pat5t$ a process :]eby ^! insoluble azo col\rs c\ld be develop$ on ! cotton fibre direct1 & ?us fabrics made f t fibre c\ld be dy$ 9 fa/ col\rs4 ,:5 ^! insoluble azo col\rs are treat$ ) sulphuric acid !y are conv]t$ into sulpho acids1 und]go+ :at is call$ sulphonation1 an op]ation ( ! greate/ 7p4 #jfg7 importance & value 9 ! prep>ation ( dye-/uffs4 ,! prep>ation ( indigo extract or indigo c>m9e f indigo is also a case ( sulphonation4 ,! sulpho-acids ( ! azo col\rs1 ( ! basic dyes1 & ( indigo are usually insoluble 9 wat]1 al?\gh !re are great diff]5ces 9 _! prop]ties 9 ?is respect4 ,!y w comb9e ) bases su* z soda1 calcium & pota% to =m salts :i* are soluble 9 wat]1 & x is usually 9 ! =m ( sodium salts t ^! azo & acid dye-/uffs are sold to ! dy] & calico pr9t]4 ,x is ?is p[] ( comb9ation ) bases t makes !m ( value 9 wool dye+4 ,z ,kne*t & o!r au?orities h po9t$ out1 ! wool fibre conta9s a basic pr9ciple capable ( comb9+ ) acid bodies1 & 9 wool dye+ ) ! col\r+ matt]s "u discussion1 ?is comb9ation occurs betwe5 ! sulpho-acid ( ! dye-/uff & ! basic pr9ciple ( ! wool fibre4 ,?is po9ts to ! fact t ! dye-/uffs ( ?is class d n comb9e ) ! wool 9 ! =m 9 :i* !y are suppli$ to ! dy] z sodium salts1 :i* is %[n by a prop]ty t _m if n all ( !m possess1 ( n dye+ ! wool fibre 9 a neutral ba?4 ,if a piece ( wool be imm]s$ 9 a solution (1 say1 a sc>let or indigo extract1 :i* is neutral x is n dy$4 ,! dye-liquor may p5etrate ?or\ghly ?r\gh\t ! fabric1 b if ! piece ( wool be lift$ out1 & all[$ to dra91 ne>ly all ! liquor w dra9 away1 & leave ! wool ne>ly if n q :ite1 %[+ t ! dye-/uff 9 ! =m 9 :i* x is sold has no aff9ity = ! wool fibre4 ,if n[ a few drops ( sulphuric acid be add$ to ! dye-liquor ! wool w become dy$4 ,! sulphuric acid lib]ates ! free sulpho-acid ( ! dye-/uff1 & ?is is n[ 9 a =m to comb9e ) ! wool fibre1 :i* x does4 ,?is is ! fundam5tal pr9ciple und]ly+ ! acid me?od = dye+ wool ) ! acid gr\p ( col\r+ matt]s4 ,! practical application ( ! pr9ciple laid d[n above is a 7p4 #jfh7 matt] ( simplicity comp>$ ) ! o!r me?ods ( dye+4 ,! composition ( ! ba? is giv5 above4 ,x is be/ to ent] ! wool at f #aej to #afj;,f4 & !n to raise ! temp]ature sl[ly to ! boil4 ,?is me?od ( proce$+ gives "t = ! free col\r acid ( ! dye to be lib]at$ f ! dye-/uff on ! "o h&1 & = its comb9ation ) ! wool fibre on ! o!r4 ,9 dye+ pale t9ts ) acid dye-/uffs x is a good plan n to add ! acid until aft] ! goods h be5 ent]$ into ! ba? & work$ = a %ort "t to enable !m to become impregnat$ ) ! dye-liquor2 ! acid may be !n add$1 & ! dye+ may be f9i%$ z usual4 ,by ?is plan ( work+ m ev5 dye+s c be obta9$ ?an by simply ent]+ ! goods direct into an acidifi$ dye-liquor4 ,any k9d ( acid may be employ$1 b g5]ally sulphuric acid is us$1 p>tly because x is *eap1 & p>tly because x is ! commone/ acid kn[n4 ,acetic acid is also us$ 9 _m cases4 ,f\r? ,me?od4--,we n[ come to ! f\r? me?od ( dye+ wool4 ,/rictly1 p]haps1 x is n a s+le me?od1 b a gr\p ( me?ods1 :i* are us$ to supply a c]ta9 class ( dye-/uffs to ! wool fibre2 b z ! gov]n+ pr9ciple dep5ds ^u ! peculi> prop]ty ( ! dye-/uffs n[ to be notic$1 :i* und]lies all ! v>iations ( ! process ( dye+1 x has be5 ?\ght bett] to speak ( ! f\r? me?od r ?an to subdivide fur!r1 9 :i* case ! fundam5tal pr9ciple might be lo/ sight (4 ,! class ( dye-/uffs includ$ 9 ! f\r? gr\p 0 nam$ by ,bancr(t ! adjective gr\p1 because !y require ! aid ( a second body1 nam$ ! mordant1 to prop]ly develop & to fix ! col\r ( ! dye-/uff on ! wool4 ,x is sometimes kn[n z ! mordant dye-/uff class1 & ?is is p]haps its be/ "n4 ,?is 7p4 #jfi7 gr\p ( col\r+ matt]s comprises dye-/uffs ( bo? natural & artificial orig91 ! latt] ( :i* are gett+ v num]\s & valuable1 & bid fair to displace ! natural memb]s ( ! gr\p4 ,) b few exceptions ! adjective dye-/uffs are n col\r+ matt]s ( !mselves1 i4e41 !y w n dye wool or o!r fibres by !mselves4 ,"s are col\r$ bodies1 su* z fu/ic1 logwood1 ,p]sian b]ries1 ,an?rac5e yell[1 etc41 b _m are n s1 & "s possess b little col\r1 :i*1 moreov]1 gives no clue to ! col\rs t c be develop$ !refrom4 ,all ! col\r+ matt]s ( ?is class possess ei!r a di/9ctively acid "*1 or belong to ! class ( ph5ols1 :i*1 :ile n be+ true acids1 /ill possess weak acid functions t enable !m to comb9e ) bases l acids4 ,^! bodies h ! prop]ty ( comb9+ ) bases & metallic oxides1 su* z soda1 pota%1 iron1 alum9a1 *rome1 t91 nickel1 cobalt1 etc41 =m+ a s]ies ( salts4 ,^? ( soda & pota% are usually soluble 9 wat]1 :ile ^? ( ! o!r metals are insoluble1 & are usually ( /rong col\r4 ,x is on ?is prop]ty ( =m+ ^! insoluble col\r$ bodies1 col\r lakes1 z !y are call$1 t ! value ( ! adjective dye-/uffs 9 dye+ dep5ds4 ,! gr\p ( adjective col\r+ matt]s may be subdivid$ into two divisions1 n dep5d+ ^u any diff]5ces 9 ! mode ( application1 b ^u c]ta9 diff]5ces 9 ! results !y give4 ,p]haps ! be/ example ( an adjective dye-/uff is ,aliz>9e4 ,?is body has a fa9t r$ col\r1 b ( itself possesses absolutely no col\r+ p[]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is br\ght into comb9ation ) su* metallic oxide z alum9a1 iron & *rome1 !n x =ms col\r$ bodies1 ! col\r ( :i* v>ies ) ! metal ) :i* x is 9 union1 ?us ) alum9a1 x is a bright r$2 ) iron1 a d>k violet1 almo/ black2 ) *rome1 a deep r$2 ) t91 a 7p4 #jgj7 sc>let2 & s on4 ,?is is a repres5tative ( ! true adjective dyes1 :i* comprise mo/ ( ! s-call$ ,aliz>9e dye-/uffs1 & logwood1 fu/ic1 & mo/ ( ! natural dye-/uffs4 ,ano!r division ( ! gr\p includes a few col\r+ matt]s ( rec5t introduction1 l ,azo gre51 ,aliz>9e yell[1 ,gall(lav9e1 ,an?rac5e yell[1 ,flavazol1 etc41 :i*1 :ile =m+ insoluble col\r lakes ) metallic oxides1 d n give diff]5t col\rs ) diff]5t metals4 ,?is class ( dye-/uffs1 ow+ to _! =m+ ^! insoluble col\rs1 gives really fa/ col\rs1 capable ( resi/+ l5g!n$ exposure to light & air1 & resi/+ wa%+1 acids & alkalies4 ,( c\rse !re are diff]5ces betwe5 ! v>i\s memb]s ( ! gr\p 9 ?is respect1 & ev5 ! resi/+ p[] ( an individual memb] dep5ds a good deal on ! metal ) :i* x is comb9$1 & ! c>e ) :i* ! process ( dye+ has be5 c>ri$ out4 ,9 ! dye+ ( ^! adjective dye-/uffs1 ^u ! v>i\s fibres1 & on wool 9 any p>ticul>1 ! object is to br+ ab\t 9 any conv5i5t way ! =mation on ! fibre ( ! metallic comb9ation ( ! col\r+ pr9ciple & ! mordant1 & x is obvi\s t if a satisfactory result is to be obta9$1 !n ?is mu/ be done 9 a v ?or\gh mann]4 ,!re are ?ree ways 9 :i* ?is comb9ation ( col\r+ pr9ciple & mordant may be br\ght ab\t 9 dye+ wool ) ^! bodies1 we may ei!r mordant ! wool fir/1 & !n apply ! dye-/uff1 or we may impregnate ! wool ) ! dye-/uff fir/1 & !n fix or develop ! col\r aft]w>ds1 or1 la/ly1 we may c>ry on bo? op]ations 9 "o process4 ,ea* ( ^! me?ods w n[ be discuss$1 & _! relative advantages po9t$ out4 ,! mordant+ me?od is "o ( ! mo/ g5]ally useful4 ,x consi/s 9 fir/ caus+ a comb9ation ( ! metal ) ! wool fibre4 7p4 #jga7 ,?is is c>ri$ out by boil+ ! wool 9 a solution ( ! metal1 su* z bi*romate ( pota%1 *rome alum or *rome fluoride :5 *rome is to be us$ z a mordant1 ) alum or sulphate ( alum9a :5 alum9a is requir$ to be deposit$ on ! fibre1 & ) copp]as :5 iron is to be ! mordant4 ,x is be/ to add a little oxalic acid1 cream ( t>t>1 or t>t>ic acid to ! mordant+ ba?1 :i* addition helps 9 ! decomposition ( ! metallic salt by ! wool fibre1 & ! deposition ( ! metallic oxide on ! wool4 ,) bi*romate ( pota%1 sulphuric acid is (t5 us$1 mu* dep5d+ ^u ! "* ( ! mordant requir$4 ,"s dye-/uffs1 su* z logwood = blacks1 "w be/ :5 ! wool is mordant$ ) *romic acid1 :i* is effect$ :5 sulphuric acid is ! assi/ant mordant4 ,o!r dye-/uffs1 su* z fu/ic1 ,p]sian b]ries & ,aliz>9e yell[1 are be/ dy$ on a basic *rome mordant1 :i* is effect$ :5 t>t> or oxalic acid is ! assi/ant mordant us$1 or :5 "s o!r =m ( *rome comp\nd ?an bi*rome is employ$4 ,! actual mordant+ is done by boil+ ! wool 9 a ba? ( ! mordant1 ! quantity ( :i* %\ld be v>i$ accord+ to ! p>ticul> mordant t is be+ employ$ & to ! quantity ( dye-/uffs :i* is to be us$4 ,x is obvi\s t = a fix+ deep %ade (1 say1 ,aliz>9e on ! wool1 a l>g] quantity ( mordant w be requir$ ?an to fix a pale %ade2 sometimes ?is po9t is ov]look$ & ! same am\nt ( mordant employ$ = pale or deep %ades4 ,! be/ plan ( c>ry+ out ! mordant+ is to ent] ! wool 9 ! cold ba? or at a h& heat1 & !n raise to ! boil & cont9ue ! boil+ = "o h\r2 ( c\rse ! goods %\ld be kept turn$ ov] dur+ ! process to facilitate ! ev5 mordant+ ( ! wool4 ,a great deal ( ! success ( dye+ ) ! dye-/uffs n[ "u consid]ation dep5ds ^u ! effici5cy ) :i* ! 7p4 #jgb7 mordant+ has be5 c>ri$ out4 ,if ?is is at all unev5ly done !n no am\nt ( c>e 9 ! succe$+ dye+ process w lead to ! developm5t ( an ev5 dye+4 ,aft] ! mordant+ is f9i%$ ! goods %\ld be r9s$ ) wat]1 b x is n necess>y to dry !m4 ,! next /age 9 ! process is ! actual dye+ op]ations1 :i* is done by imm]s+ ! mordant$ wool 9 a ba? ( ! dye-/uff or mixture ( dye-/uffs4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple is to br+ ab\t ! comb9ation betwe5 ! col\r+ pr9ciple ( ! dye-/uff & ! metallic oxide :i* has be5 deposit$ on ! wool 9 ! previ\s mordant+ process4 ,z nei!r ( ^! bodies1 h[ev]1 is v en]getic x foll[s t ! action mu/ be a sl[ "o1 &1 !re=e1 "t is a highly important factor 9 ! dye+ ( wool by ! mordant+ process4 ,! comb9ation betwe5 ! dye-/uff & ! mordant is influ5c$ also by temp]ature1 & is mo/ active at ! boil+ po9t ( wat]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ne$ful to conduct ?is op]ation at t temp]ature1 b x w\ld be a wrong way to introduce ! mordant$ mat]ial into a boil+ ba? ( ! dye-/uff2 no?+ w\ld conduce to unev5 dye+ s mu* z t c\rse4 ,! be/ me?od ( work+1 :i*1 moreov]1 is mo/ p>ticul>ly applicable to ! s]ies ( ,aliz>9e dye-/uffs1 is to ent] ! goods 9 a cold ba? ( ! dye-/uff1 & to "w !m = a %ort "t to get !m ?or\ghly impregnat$1 a condition :i* is ess5tial if ev5 dye+ is ! goal aim$ at1 !n to raise ! temp]ature ( ! ba? gradually to ! boil1 ! goods be+ 9 ! meantime well work$4 ,! dye+ is cont9u$ = f "o to "o & a half h\rs at ! boil4 ,x is important 9 dye+ by ?is process1 especially :5 us+ ,aliz>9e1 to keep ! temp]ature ( ! ba? z uni=m z possible1 & ! goods well work$4 ,aliz>9e1 & "s o!r memb]s ( 7p4 #jgc7 ?is class1 are r s5sitive to heat1 & if a dye-vat be hot at ! bottom & cold at ! top unev5 dye+ is sure to be ! result2 ?is is due to ! great] aff9ity ( ! ,aliz>9e = ! mordant at ! high ?an at ! l[ temp]ature1 & ?us m is fix$ on to ! wool4 ,! rem$y = ?is is to s con/ruct ! heat+ arrangem5ts ( ! vat t ! temp]ature %all be z uni=m z possible1 :ile ! goods %\ld be kept cont9ually turn$ ov]1 & e portion ( !m br\ght into intimate contact ) ! dye-liquor4 ,! cont9uance ( ! dye+ op]ations = "o & a half to two h\rs aft] ! vat has rea*$ ! boil is necess>y to prop]ly develop & fix ! col\r on ! fibre2 a %ort boil leaves ! goods ( a poor %ade1 )\t any solidity ab\t x1 & ! col\r is loose1 :ile a long] boil br+s up a solid %ade & a fa/ col\r4 ,al?\gh x is n absolutely necess>y to add any acid to ! dye-ba? dur+ ! dye+ op]ations1 yet z ! ,aliz>9es & mo/ ( ?is class ( dye-/uffs dye bett] 9 a slightly acid ba? x is advisable to add a small quantity ( acetic acid1 say ab\t "o p9t to e #ajjlb4 ( goods2 ?is s]ves to correct any alkal9ity ( ! wat]1 :i* may be due to its conta9+ any lime4 ,dye-/uffs ( ! acid class1 su* z indigo extract1 ,clo? r$1 ,acid mag5ta1 etc41 may be us$ along ) ! ,aliz>9e dye-/uffs1 9 :i* case ! addition ( acid to ! dye-ba? becomes necess>y1 b too great an excess ( acid %\ld be avoid$1 z x int]f]es some:at ) ! dye+ ( ! mordant dyes4 ,?is is by f> ! be/ & mo/ g5]ally us$ me?od ( apply+ ^! mordant dyes4 ,x is n a co/ly process1 be+ inde$ economical1 z x only requires j ! "r am\nts ( drugs & dye-/uffs1 & !re is ! m9imum loss ( mat]ial 9 ! mordant+ & dye-ba?s4 ,%ades c be br\ght up ) ! greate/ ease1 al?\gh x is well 9 ! dye+ to add r less dye-/uff ?an is 7p4 #jgd7 actually requir$1 & to add m :5 x is se5 h[ ! %ade is com+ up4 ,! lab\r is ! mo/ important item 9 ! mordant+ & dye+ me?od4 ,! proportions ( mat]ial us$ to ! weight ( ! wool are3 ,( bi*romate ( pota%1 #c p] c5t4 = full %ades1 & #a p] c5t4 = pale %ades2 ( fluoride ( *rome1 ! same quantities2 ( acetate ( *rome1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! solution us$2 ( alum1 #aj to #bj p] c5t42 ( sulphate ( alum9a1 #e to #aj p] c5t42 ( copp]as1 #e to #aj p] c5t42 ( t>t>1 #a-a_/b to #b-a_/b p] c5t42 ( oxalic acid1 #a to #a-a_/b p] c5t42 ( sulphuric acid1 #a p] c5t42 ( argol1 #b-a_/b to #e p] c5t42 ( t>t>ic acid1 #a to #a-a_/b p] c5t42 b ( c\rse 9 an article l ?is x is impossible to give def9ite quantities4 ,second ,me?od4 ,/uff+ & ,sadd5+4--,?is me?od consi/s 9 fir/ treat+ ! wool ) a solution ( ! dye-/uff1 & !n ) a solution ( ! mordant requir$ to develop & fix ! col\r4 ,?is me?od is m p>ticul>ly applicable to su* dye-/uffs z camwood1 cut*1 logwood1 madd]1 fu/ic1 etc41 ! col\r+ pr9ciples ( :i* h "s aff9ity = ! wool fibre & w directly comb9e ) x4 ,x is n suitable = ! application ( ! ,aliz>9e col\rs4 ,! sadd5+ may be & is commonly done 9 ! same ba?1 t is1 aft] ! wool has be5 /uff$ x is lift$1 ! mordant--copp]as1 blue/one1 bi*rome1 or alum--is add$1 & ! wool is re-ent]$ into ! ba?4 ,?is _c be consid]$ a good me?od ( work+2 ! %ades obta9$ are full & deep & fairly fa/1 b !re is usually a consid]able loss ( col\r+ matt]1 z ! wool 9 no case ab/racts ! :ole ( ! dye-/uff f ! ba?2 :at excess is left comb9es ) ! mordant :5 ! latt] is add$1 =m+ an insoluble col\r lake1 :i* falls d[n to ! bottom ( ! dye-vat & is wa/$1 or x may g ^u ! wool 9 7p4 #jge7 a loose1 unfix$ =m1 & cause x to rub badly & come (f 9 mill+4 ,!n x is r difficult to dye to %ade1 mu* ( ! result dep5d+ on conditions ov] :i* ! dy] has little control4 ,work+ z he does ) dye-/uffs ( unkn[n col\r+ p[]1 :i* may v>y f "t to "t ) e fre% bat* ( mat]ial1 x is evid5t t1 al?\gh ! same quantities may be us$ at all times1 at "o "t a deep] %ade may be obta9$ ?an at ano!r1 & z x is impossible to see :at is go+ to be ! result1 & if by mis*ance ! %ade does n come deep en\gh x _c well be rectifi$ by add+ a quantity ( dye-wood to ! ba?1 because ! mordant 9 ! latt] w prev5t ! col\r+ matt] f be+ prop]ly extract$1 & only a "p ( t :i* is extract$ is fix$ on ! wool1 ! re/ be+ ?r[n away 9 ! dye-ba?1 & p>tly on ! p>ticles ( wood !mselves1 :5 logwood1 camwood1 etc41 are us$ 9 ! =m ( *ips or p[d]4 ,dy]s be+ well aw>e ( ?is1 are 9 ! habit :5 mi/akes occur ( br++ up to %ade ) soluble dye-/uffs--ar*il1 indigo extract1 & su* l4 ,?is me?od1 z /at$ above1 is v wa/eful1 n only ( dye-/uffs1 b ( mordants4 ,9 no case does ! wool absorb ! :ole ( ! col\r+ matt] f ! ba?1 ! unabsorb$ portion goes d[n to ! bottom ( ! ba? :5 ! mordant is add$1 s t :5 ! dye+ is f9i%$1 ! dye-ba? is *>g$ ) a l>ge quantity ( col\r+ matt] 9 an unusable =m :i* has to be ?r[n away1 ?us at once add+ to ! pollution ( ! riv] into :i* x is run1 & to ! co/ ( ! process ( dye+4 ,z att5tion is be+ direct$ m & m to ! "q ( ! prev5tion ( pollution ( riv]s1 & z ! wa/e liquors f dye-works add to ! app>5t pollution to a v consid]able ext5t1 dy]s w h to develop o!r modes ( dye+ ?an t ( /uff+ & sadd5+ 9 "o ba?4 ,! pr9ciple ( dye+ by /uff+ & sadd5+ may be c>ri$ 7p4 #jgf7 out by ! use ( two sep>ate ba?s2 9 fact1 x is done 9 ! case ( dye+ a cut* br[n f cut* & bi*romate ( pota%4 ,! goods are fir/ treat$ 9 a ba? ( ! dye-wood = a %ort "t1 !n r9s$1 & ! col\r is develop$ by padd+ into a sadd5+ ba? ( ! mordant4 ,by ?is me?od ! ba?s1 :i* are nev] q exhau/$1 c be reta9$ = future use1 only requir+ ab\t #a_/b to #c_/d ( ! orig9al quantities to be add$ = ea* succe$+ bat* ( ! goods1 9 fact1 9 "s cases1 z 9 cut*1 old ba?s "w bett] ?an new ones4 ,! advantage atta*$ to ?is me?od ( work+ is t aris+ f economy ( dye-/uff & mordant1 & ! r$uction ( ! pollution ( ! /ream on :i* ! works are situat$4 ,! disadvantages are t ! co/ ( lab\r is increas$ by !re be+ two ba?s in/ead ( "o1 & t ! %ades obta9$ are n always s full z ) ! "o-ba? me?od4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 c be rem$i$ by runn+ ! goods ?r\gh ! ba?s aga91 :i*1 h[ev]1 adds to ! co/ ( ! process1 b !re is ?is mu* to be said1 ! %ade c be bett] br\ght up ?an by ! "o-ba? process4 ,9 "s cases ! me?ods ( mordant+1 dye+ & sadd5+ are comb9$ toge!r 9 ! dye+ ( wool1 ?us1 = in/ance1 a br[n c be dy$ by fir/ mordant+ ) bi*rome1 !n dye+ ) camwood & sadd5+ 9 ! same ba? ) copp]as4 ,! %ades obta9$ are fairly fa/ & w /& mill+4 ,! disadvantages ( ?is process are ! same z ^? atta*$ to ! dye+ & sadd5+ 9 "o ba?4 ,n[ we come to ! la/ me?od ( dye+ wool ) mordant & col\rs1 t 9 :i* ! op]ation is c>ri$ out 9 "o ba?4 ,?is c only be done 9 ^? cases :]e ! col\r lake t is =m$ is some:at soluble 9 dye-liquors1 :i* usually h slightly acid prop]ties2 or :]e ! aff9ity betwe5 ! two bodies 7col\r+ matt] & 7p4 #jgg7 mordant7 is too great4 ,?is me?od c be c>ri$ out 91 = in/ance1 dye+ a co*9eal sc>let ) t9 cry/als1 a yell[ f fu/ic & alum1 a black f logwood & copp]as & blue/one1 a r$ f madd] & bi*rome1 & ! dye+ ( ! ,aliz>9e col\rs by ! use ( *rome fluoride1 etc4 ,! %ades obta9$ are usually n s deep z ^? got by ! mordant+ & dye+ process1 b are frequ5tly ne>ly s4 ,9 "s cases1 z 9 dye+ ) fu/ic or logwood1 x gives r bright] col\rs1 due to ! fact t ! tann+ matt]s pres5t 9 ! dye-/uffs is n fix$ on ! wool1 z is ! case ) ! mordant+ me?od1 b is reta9$ 9 ! dye-ba?4 ,= dye+ ) logwood & copp]as or blue/one ! process is n a good "o1 z x does n give z full %ades z by ! ord9>y process4 ,= dye+ ) ! ,aliz>9e col\rs1 us+ *rome fluoride z ! mordant1 x c be appli$ ) fair success4 ,!re are advantages 9 ! sav+ ( "t & lab\r & 9 ! am\nt ( /eam requir$1 all ( :i* are important items 9 dye+4 ,x is r tr\blesome to mat* (f by ?is process1 b x c be done4 ,= light %ades ! process w be f\nd v useful1 z ^! co/ less ?an by any o!r process4 ,! dye-ba?s may be reta9$ = future use1 al?\gh 9 process ( "t !y become too dirty = use1 :5 !y mu/ be ?r[n away4 ,level ,dye+4--,! fir/ condition = successful dye+ is t ! fibres to be treat$ are absolutely clean4 ,a c>eful wa%+ is n en\gh = ?is purpose4 ,cleanl9ess is und\bt$ly ! condition :i* ! fibre mu/ possess to enable ! dye to hold on & n to come (f ! fibre1 ?is latt] causes a loss ( dye-/uff1 soils ! :ites1 & gives rise to tr\ble betwe5 ! dy] & f9i%]2 x is also ! condition = mak+ ! dye g on ! wool ev5ly4 ,! 7p4 #jgh7 wa%+ mu/ be done at ! boil1 s t ! fibre is well wett$ out & all ! air bubbles adh]+ to x are driv5 out4 ,b ?is is n en\gh2 x mu/ be accompani$ by a sc\r+ op]ation1 n only 9 ! case ( fibres ( :i* ! dy] does n "k :e!r !y h be5 sc\r$1 b also :5 !y h already be5 sc\r$ & blea*$4 ,! k9d ( sc\r+ t ! fibres receive 9 ?is case ne$ only be ( a comp>atively light "*1 b x mu/ nev] be omitt$1 ev5 = d>k %ades1 z ! traces ( grease :i* ! fibre conta9s are ! causes ( ne>ly irrem$iable /a9s 9 ! dye+ op]ations4 ,ev5 9 dye+ black wool x is ( ! greate/ importance to h ! fibre suitably sc\r$4 ,! fatty matt]s :i* ! fibre conta9s may belong to ! compon5ts ( ! fibre itself & be natural matt]s1 b 9 ! case ( wool y>ns & clo?s !y are mo/ly dress+ oils1 f :i* ! dy] _c be too anxi\s to free ! wool be=e dye+4 ,"s practical me?ods ( prep>atory treatm5t ( ! fibres be=e dye+ may !re=e be describ$ "h ) advantage4 ,cotton is boil$ (f at actual boil+ heat = two h\rs1 ) #h p] c5t4 ( its weight ( c>bonate ( soda & a little s(t soap1 :i* treatm5t is suffici5t = d>k col\rs4 ,= light col\rs x is necess>y t ! cotton be blea*$4 ,wool is sc\r$ ) soda & soap 9 ! proportion ( #ajlb4 soda & #blb4 ,m>seilles soap = #ajjlb4 wool4 ,silk is sc\r$ by boil+ = "o & a half h\rs 9 a boil+ ba? ) #cj p] c5t4 ( its weight ( soap4 ,= light col\rs a second boil+ %\ld be giv51 ) #ae p] c5t4 ,! c>eful clean+ ( wool previ\s to dye+ is ( exceptional importance4 ,raw wool is clean$ ) c>bonate ( soda & ammonia4 ,= #ejlb4 wool to be clean$ #flb4 c>bonate ( soda & #a-a_/blb4 7p4 #jgi7 ammonia are add$ to a ba? ( #aej gallons wat]4 ,! wool is laid d[n 9 x = tw5ty m9utes at #ce;,c41 tak5 up1 squeez$1 treat$ = fifte5 m9utes 9 ano!r ba?1 ) #elb4 c>bonate ( soda & !n r9s$4 ,! fir/ ba? mu/ be r5ew$ z (t5 z possible1 because x conta9s all ! impurities4 ,9 ! case ( wooll5 y>n #cjlb4 require two tubs ( #dj gallons capacity4 ,! fir/ tub is to conta9 #ce gallons wat] & #blb4 ammonia at #aj;,be4 ,aft] work+ ! ske9s = ?ree m9utes 9 x !y are left to /& = fifte5 m9utes1 !n wrung out1 & ! op]ation is repeat$ 9 ! second tub4 ,f9ally1 ! y>n is r9s$ sev]al times 9 s(t wat]4 ,wooll5 piece goods are treat$ 9 a l>ge wood5 tub at #dj;,c4 ) #dlb4 c>bonate ( soda & #blb4 c>bonate ( ammonia = #hjlb4 mat]ial4 ,! pieces are mov$ ab\t = tw5ty m9utes1 laid d[n 9 ! ba? ov]night1 aga9 turn$ = t5 m9utes & hydro-extract$4 ,!y may also be h&l$ = =ty m9utes 9 a ba? ( #boz4 ammonia = #ajjlb4 wool at #fj;,c41 & !n = tw5ty m9utes 9 cle> wat] at #fj;,c4 ,aft] wett+ or prep>atory treatm5t1 x w be be/ to proce$ imm$iately to dye+2 if ! fibres be left 9 a heap = too long a "t1 !re is dang] t !y may become heat$1 or at lea/ t ! moi/ure may be irregul>ly di/ribut$ by ! occurr5ce ( p>tial dry+1 caus+ an unev5 fixation ( ! col\r 9 ! fir/ /ages ( dye+4 ,! fir/ two conditions ( successful dye+ are1 !re=e1 a suitable wett+ out & sc\r+4 ,! dy]1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be less c>eful to see t ! dye-ba? is :at x ought to be4 ,:5ev] possible ! dye-/uff mu/ be dissolv$ sep>ately1 or at lea/ ! ba? n ent]$ be=e ! dye-/uff is well dissolv$4 ,artificial dye-/uffs require p>ticul> att5tion to ?is po9t1 because ! pres5ce ( undissolv$ p>ticles is ! cause ( 7p4 #jhj7 irregul>ities1 su* z /reaks1 or1 at lea/1 specks4 ,! solution is mo/ly made hot z foll[s3 ,aft] p\r+ wat] at #ahj;,f4 ^u ! dye-/uff1 /ir g5tly1 /ra9 ?r\gh flannel or ?r\gh a v f9e sieve1 & p\r m wat] ^u ! residue until no?+ m is dissolv$4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! artificial dye-/uffs (t5 conta9 insoluble matt]1 res9s1 etc4 ,x is !re=e advisable to use only s(t wat] = ?is op]ation4 ,! solutions ( artificial dye-/uffs are ord9>ily made at ! rate ( #a to #elb4 p] #aj gallons ( wat]1 #blb4 be+ ! proportion mo/ly employ$4 ,?is dep5ds m or less on ! solubility ( ! dye-/uff4 ,old solutions sometimes conta9 cry/als ( ! dye-/uff :i* h sep>at$ out4 ,^! %\ld be r$issolv$ by heat+ be=e ! solution is us$4 ,b x is be/ to make only su* a quantity ( solution z w suffice = imm$iate requirem5ts4 ,) pa/e col\rs c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep !m 9 clos$ vessels 9 su* a mann] t !y w n become h>d by evaporation1 & !y %\ld n be kept 9 any place :]e !y are likely to freeze 9 w9t] "t4 ,9 su* an ev5t x is n an uncommon circum/ance = ! casks or o!r vessels conta9+ !m to bur/1 ) a consequ5t loss ( dye-/uff4 ,be=e any ( ! pa/e is )drawn f ! cask1 x is advisable to /ir well up ) a wood5 /irr]4 ,9 add+ dye-/uff dur+ ! actual dye+ op]ation1 x is advisable to add ! dye-/uff to ! ba? 9 two or ?ree portions1 always tak+ out ! goods be=e add+ ea* lot ( dye-/uff1 & /irr+ up ! cont5ts ( ! ba? be=e re-ent]+ ! goods4 ,ano!r important condition ( obta9+ a level dye+ is to proce$ sl[ly1 beg9n+ ) a weak ba? at a mod]ate temp]ature1 & ris+ gradually to a boil4 ,if necess>y to ret>d ! dye+ f ! comm5cem5t1 !n an assi/ant mordant is add$ to ! dye-ba?1 9 ! %ape ( soda cry/als or phosphate ( soda = ! b5zid9e 7p4 #jha7 col\rs on cotton2 bisulphate ( soda or ,glaub]'s salt 9 dye+ ) azo col\rs or acid col\rs on wool2 or t>t> may be us$ 9 mo/ cases ) good effect1 caus+ ! wool to h a s(t] feel4 ,f9ally1 ! ev5ness ( ! dye+ is mu* increas$ by ! frequ5t turn+ ov] ( ! mat]ial 9 ! dye-ba?1 s manag+ ?is 9 ! case ( wool z to avoid felt+4 ,:5 dye+ ) a mordant1 ! dy] %\ld see t ! mordant+ op]ation is ?or\ghly well done1 = z mu* c>e is requir$ = ! mordant+ z = ! actual dye+2 9 fact1 if any?+1 ! mordant+ %\ld be done ) r m c>e1 z if x be at all defective no am\nt ( c>e 9 ! foll[+ dye+ op]ations w ensure a level dye+4 ,*rome mordant$ wool %\ld be dy$ )\t delay1 z x is r s5sitive to light1 especially ! yell[ sort1 :i* gradually *anges into ! gre5 sort ( *rom$ wool4 ,"o peculi>ity ( dy$ wool is t x w cont9ue to take up col\r aft] x is remov$ f ! dye-ba?1 especially if x conta9s any ( ! hot dye-liquor1 !re=e x is v desirable to wa% ! wool z soon z possible aft] its removal f ! dye-ba?4 ,x is be/1 h[ev]1 n to take ! wool out ( ! hot ba?1 b to leave x 9 until ! ba? becomes cool1 & !n to take x out1 by ?is means ! col\r becomes deep] & m solid look+1 & is fa/] on ! wool4 ,"o cause ( irregul> dye+ may be m5tion$1 z x is occasionally met )1 namely1 ! pres5ce ( =eign fibres 9 ! goods1 cotton 9 wool fabrics1 & ev5 ( diff]5t v>ieties ( ! same fibre4 ,all dy]s "k t dead or immature cotton w n dye up prop]ly1 a fact or defect m especially met ) 9 indigo dye+ ?an probably 9 any o!r col\r4 ,!n wools f diff]5t bre$s ( %eep v>y consid]ably 9 _! dye+ p[]4 ,f9e wools take up m col\r 7p4 #jhb7 ?an co>se1 &1 consequ5tly1 ev5 f ! same ba?1 w come out a deep] %ade2 if a fabric1 !re=e1 conta9s ! two k9ds ( cotton1 or ! two k9ds ( wool1 !y w n dye up ev5ly4 ,9 ! prec$+ sections brief notes h be5 giv5 ab\t ! pr9cipal me?ods ( dye+ wool1 ) "s indications ( ! dyes :i* c be us$ "u ea* me?od4 ,9 ! succe$+ sections w be giv5 a numb] ( recipes %[+ h[1 & ) :at dye-/uffs1 v>i\s col\rs1 %ades & t9ts c be dy$ ^u wool4 ,x w be und]/ood t ^! recipes are applicable to all k9ds ( wooll5 fabrics1 loose wool1 slubb+1 y>ns 9 any =m1 wov5 wor/$ or wooll5 clo?s1 felts ( any k9d1 etc41 all ^! diff]5t =ms require h&l+ 9 a diff]5t way2 x w\ld n d1 = in/ance1 to treat a quantity ( slubb+ 9 ! same way z a piece ( wor/$ clo?1 :ile hanks ( y>n require a diff]5t mode ( h&l+ to a quantity ( hat bodies4 ,! diff]5t k9ds ( wooll5 fabrics require to be dealt ) 9 diff]5t k9ds ( ma*9es1 & ?is has already be5 dealt ) 9 ! *apt] on ,dye+ ,ma*9]y & ,dye+ ,manipulations4 ,to describe & illu/rate ! application ( all ! v>i\s wooll5 dye-/uffs1 :e!r ( natural or artificial orig91 & to %[ ! great v>iety ( %ades1 etc41 :i* c be obta9$ ) !m1 ei!r all "o or 9 comb9ation1 w\ld require n "o1 b _m volumes ( ! size t ?is pres5t "w is int5d$ to be4 ,!re=e1 x becomes necess>y to make a selection f ! be/-kn[n & mo/ us$ ( ! v>i\s dyes1 & illu/rate _! application by a numb] ( recipes1 all ( :i*1 unless o!rwise /at$1 are int5d$ to be = #ajjlb4 weight ( wooll5 mat]ial ( any k9d4 ,x may also be po9t$ out t1 z a rule1 ! recipes may be appli$ to ! dye+ ( fabrics made ) o!r animal fibres ?an ! wool ( ! %eep1 z1 = alpaca1 ca%m]e1 camel-hair1 h>e or rabbit fur1 etc41 7p4 #jhc7 inasmu*1 z1 ) ! exception ( silk1 all animal fibres practically possess ! same dye+ prop]ties4 ,x w be conv5i5t to po9t out "h t a v l>ge proportion ( ! %ades dy$ on wool & o!r fabrics are obta9$1 n by ! use ( a s+le dye-/uff1 al?\gh ?is %\ld always be done1 :5ev] possible1 b by ! comb9ation ( two or m dye-/uffs toge!r 9 v>i\s proportions4 ,x is truly a/oni%+ :at a great range ( %ades c ?us be dy$ by us+ two or ?ree dyes suitably mix$ toge!r1 & "o ( ! ?+s :i* g to mak+ a successful dy] & col\ri/ is ! grasp+ ( ?is fact by c>eful obs]vation1 & work+ accord+ly4 ,dy]s w f9d mu* assi/ance 9 acquir+ a k ( col\r & col\r mix+ f ! two little books on ,col\r1 by ,mr4 ,george ,h4 ,hur/1 & ! ,sci5ce ( ,col\r ,mix+1 by ,mr4 ,david ,pat]son1 bo? issu$ by ,messrs4 ,scott1 ,gre5wood ,co41 ! publi%]s ( ! pres5t "w4 ,black on ,wool4--,until )9 a comp>atively rec5t "t black 0 dy$ on wool solely by ! use ( logwood1 comb9$ ) a few o!r natural dye-/uffs1 su* z fu/ic1 indigo1 etc41 b ( late ! rese>*es ( col\r *emi/s h result$ 9 ! production ( a l>ge numb] ( black dyes obta9$ f v>i\s coal-t> products4 ,^! h come l>gely into use1 b /ill1 s f> !y h n be5 able to entirely displace logwood1 *iefly on ! score ( great] co/1 ! use ( ! natural dye /ill rema9+ ! *eape/ way ( produc+ a black on wool2 al?\gh ! blacks yield$ by "s ( ! coal-t> black dyes are sup]ior to x 9 po9t ( int5sity ( col\r & fa/ness to sc\r+1 acids & light1 z well z be+ easi] to dye4 ,blacks may be obta9$ f logwood by sev]al me?ods1 ei!r by previ\s mordant+ ( ! wool or by ! /uff+ & sadd5+ me?ods1 or by ! "o-ba? process4 ,! foll[+ recipes w 7p4 #jhd7 %[ h[ ^! v>i\s me?ods are c>ri$ out 9 practice3-- ,*rome ,logwood ,black4--,! wool is fir/ mordant$ by boil+ = "o & a half h\rs ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 ( sulphuric acid1 work+ well ! :ole ( ! "t4 ,x is n advisable to exce$ ! am\nts ( ei!r ! bi*romate or ! acid "h giv51 ^! quantities w result 9 a full bloomy black be+ obta9$1 b any excess gives rise to greyi% dull blacks1 :i* are undesirable4 ,aft] mordant+ r9se well ) wat]1 :5 ! goods w be q ready = ! dye-ba?4 ,! dye+ is done 9 a ba? made f a decoction ( #djlb4 ( good logwood4 ,x is p]haps pref]able to />t cold or only lukew>m1 raise to ! boil & "w = "o h\r1 !n lift1 r9se well1 & pass into a boil+ ba? made f #alb4 ( bi*romate ( pota% & #a_/dlb4 ( sulphuric acid = half an h\r4 ,?is extra *rome ba? fixes any col\r+ matt] :i* may h be5 absorb$ by ! wool b n prop]ly fix$ by ! mordant already on1 x leads to full] %ades :i* are fa/] to rubb+ & mill+4 ,! mordant+ ba? may be kept /&+ & us$ aga9 = fre% lots ( wool1 9 :i* case x is only necess>y to add #b-a_/blb4 ( bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 sulphuric acid to ! ba? = ea* additional lot ( wool t is be+ dealt )4 ,old mordant ba?s "w r bett] ?an new ones1 b ! use _c be prolong$ indef9itely1 !re comes a "t :5 ! ba? gets too dirty to use & !n x mu/ be ?r[n away4 ,dur+ ! op]ation ! bi*romate ( pota% becomes m or less decompos$ & !re is =m$ on ! wool fibre a deposit ( *romic acid & *romic oxide1 ?is deposit =ms ! mordant t 9 ! subsequ5t dye-ba? comb9es ) & fixes ! col\r+ matt]1 ! hmatoxyl9 ( ! logwood1 & develops ! black on ! wool4 ,9 place ( sulphuric acid1 hydro*loric acid c be us$ ) 7p4 #jhe7 "s advantage z reg>ds ! proportion ( bi*romate decompos$1 & !re=e an increase 9 ! am\nt ( *romium oxide deposit$ on ! wool4 ,?is gives a deep blue black1 some:at want+ 9 bloom4 ,! foll[+ recipe gives a mu* bloomi] black1 b is r m exp5sive to dye4 ,*rome ,logwood ,black4--,mordant by boil+ 9 a ba? conta9+ #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #glb4 t>t>4 ,dye & o!rwise treat z 9 ! la/ recipe2 #dlb4 ( t>t>ic acid us$ 9 place ( ! t>t>1 gives r bright] & bloomi] %ades4 ,! use ( s-call$ t>t> sub/itutes is n to be recomm5d$1 !y give no bett] results ?an does sulphuric acid & are mu* de>] to use4 ,a some:at gre5] %ade ( black ?an is yield$ by ei!r ( ! above two recipes is ! foll[+3-- ,*rome ,logwood ,black4--,mordant ! wool 9 a ba? conta9+ #dlb4 oxalic acid & #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 aft]w>ds dye+ z 9 ! fir/ recipe4 ,all ! above recipes give blacks ( a blui% tone1 :i* on ! :ole h a good bloomy & solid appe>ance4 ,(t5 :at is call$ a jet black is want$1 ?is c be obta9$ by foll[+ ! recipe giv5 bel[4 ,*rome ,logwood ,jet ,black4--,mordant ! wool by any ( ! me?ods giv5 above4 ,! dye+ is done 9 a ba? made f #djlb4 logwood & #elb4 fu/ic1 work+ z describ$ 9 ! fir/ recipe4 ,us+ ^! prop]ties a good jet black is obta9$1 :i* is q satisfactory on ! score ( solidity & fa/ness4 ,x is n advisable to exce$ ! quantity ( fu/ic "h giv51 or o!rwise ! black w h a t5d5cy to assume a gre5i% tone t is n at all desirable4 ,?is gre5+ becomes m m>k$ :5 f #g-a_/b to #ajlb4 ( fu/ic is us$1 or if alum be add$ to ! mordant along ) ! bi*romate ( pota%4 ,*rome blacks are ! be/ blacks :i* c be obta9$ f 7p4 #jhf7 logwood4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 a t5d5cy to turn gre5 on exposure to ! wea!r1 :i* t5d5cy seems to be mo/ preval5t 9 ^? blacks 9 :i* sulphuric acid has be5 us$ z ! acid con/itu5t ( ! mordant+ ba?4 ,! gre5+ may be r$uc$ to a m9imum by add+ to ! dye-ba? ab\t #a to #blb4 ( ,aliz>9e4 ,ano!r plan :i* has be5 foll[$ is to give ! wool a bottom ) #e to #flb4 ( camwood or pea*wood1 !n mordant+ & dye+ u usual4 ,logwood ,black on ,wool4--,boil fir/ = "o h\r ) a decoction ( #hlb4 camwood1 !n lay d[n = fifty m9utes 9 a boil+ ba? ( #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #alb4 alum1 #alb4 t>t>4 ,x is a good plan to all[ ! goods to hang ov]night4 ,! dye-ba? is prep>$ ) #delb4 logwood1 #hlb4 fu/ic1 #dlb4 sumac4 ,dye "o h\r at ! boil1 wa% & dry4 ,indigo ,black4--,?is is sometimes call$ woad$ black1 & has an excell5t reputation z a fa/ black4 ,x is dy$ by fir/ giv+ ! wool a m$ium blue bottom 9 ! indigo vat by ! me?od ( vat dye+1 :i* w be describ$ lat] on1 & !n dye+ by ei!r ! second or ?ird recipe giv5 above4 ,! use ( sulphuric acid is r to be avoid$ 9 dye+ an indigo vat ) *rome & logwood1 z ! *romic acid set free dur+ ! process is likely to attack & by de/roy+ ! indigo to mat]ially r$uce ! int5sity ( ! blue bottom4 ,or1 aft] blue+ 9 ! vat1 ! black may be dy$ or topp$ on by ! process ) copp]as1 :i* w be describ$ bel[4 ,iron ,logwood ,black4--,mordant ! wool by boil+ "o & a half to two h\rs 9 a ba? made ) #elb4 copp]as1 #blb4 blue/one1 #blb4 alum1 & #ajlb4 argol4 ,! dye+ is done 9 a ba? ( #ejlb4 logwood4 ,x is n advisable to use m argol ?an is "h giv51 = 7p4 #jhg7 al?\gh a little excess w n mat]ially affect ! beauty or brilliancy ( ! result+ %ade1 yet su* excess is wa/eful1 & makes ! dye+ co/ m ?an x o!rwise w\ld4 ,on ! o!r h&1 too little w cause ! %ade to become greyi% 9 tone & want+ 9 solidity4 ,! copp] sulphate 7blue/one7 add$ increases ! fa/ness ( ! f9i%$ black to light1 ! be/ proportions to add are f #blb4 to #dlb4 = #ajjlb4 ( wool4 ,! %ade obta9$ 9 ! above recipe is ( a blui%-violet hue1 if a jet black be want$1 add #elb4 ( fu/ic to ! dye-ba?4 ,ano!r & v common me?od ( work+ is ! /uff+ & sadd5+ process1 giv5 9 ! next recipe4 ,iron ,logwood ,black4--,make a ba? ( #ejlb4 logwood1 #flb4 fu/ic1 & #alb4 sumac4 ,"w ! wool 9 ?is = "o h\r at ! boil1 lift1 all[ ! ba? to become cool1 !n add #flb4 ( copp]as 7f]r\s sulphate7 & #blb4 blue/one2 re-ent] ! wool1 raise ! temp]ature to ! boil1 & "w half an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,on ! :ole ! fir/ me?od is ! mo/ economical & yields ! be/ blacks1 fa/e/ to rubb+4 ,! iron-copp]-logwood blacks are n s fa/ to acids z ! *rome-logwood blacks1 b !y are r fa/] to light & air1 & equally s to sc\r+ & mill+4 ,"o-ba? me?ods ( dye+ blacks are sometimes pref]r$ by wool dy]s4 ,( ^! ! foll[+ is an example4 ,logwood ,black4--,make a dye-ba? ) #ejlb4 logwood1 #elb4 fu/ic1 #flb4 copp]as1 #blb4 copp] sulphate1 & #dlb4 oxalic acid4 ,ent] ! goods & "w at ! boil to %ade4 ,! oxalic acid is add$ = ! purpose ( reta9+ ! logwood-iron-copp] black lake1 :i* is =m$ on mix+ ! v>i\s +r$i5ts toge!r 9 solution4 ,on boil+ ! wool 9 ! liquor ! fibre gradually extracts out ! dye matt] & becomes dy$4 ,! use ( "s ( ! s-call$ 7p4 #jhh7 direct blacks 7noir r$uit1 ,bonsor's black7 is bas$ on ! same pr9ciple4 ,^! dyes are mixtures ( logwood1 fu/ic or o!r dye-/uff ) copp]as1 blue/one & oxalic acid1 & only require add+ to wat] to make ! dye-ba?4 ,?is me?od ( work+ enables logwood to be us$ 9 conjunction ) dihydroxynaph?al5e & "s o!r coal-t> d]ivatives to obta9 blacks ( good solidity & mu* fa/] to light1 air1 acids & sc\r+ ?an ! ord9>y logwood blacks4 ,ano!r recipe = a "o-ba? logwood black1 us+ ! extracts 9 place ( ! dye-wood itself1 is ! foll[+3-- ,logwood ,black4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #ablb4 logwood extract1 #blb4 fu/ic extract1 #flb4 copp]as1 #dlb4 blue/one1 #clb4 oxalic acid1 #blb4 t>t>4 ,boil ! goods 9 ?is = "o h\r4 ,"s dy]s use ! dye-woods & prep>e f !m a decoction by boil+ 9 wat]2 9 "s respects ?is is ! mo/ economical plan1 only ! dy] has to get rid ( ! sp5t dye-wood f :i* ! col\r+ matt] has be5 extract$1 & ?is is n always an easy matt]4 ,"s dye+ ma*9es 7,smi?son's7 h be5 devis$ :i* conta9 z "o ( _! features a dye-wood extractor1 9 :i* ! extraction ( ! col\r+ matt] ( ! wood proce$s at ! same "t z ! dye+4 ,good results are got ) su* ma*9es1 al?\gh !y leave some?+ to be desir$4 ,_m dy]s use ! dye-wood extracts :i* are n[ made on a l>ge scale4 ,^! are = ! dy] mu* m conv5i5t to use1 al?\gh naturally r m co/ly4 ,!y are approximately five times ! /r5g? ( ! dye-wood1 b !y v>y v greatly 9 ?is respect4 ,logwood blacks c be readily di/+ui%$ f ne>ly all o!r blacks1 9 t by treatm5t ) mod]ately /rong hydro*loric acid !y turn a bright r$4 ,no o!r natural dye-/uff is us$ 9 ! dye+ ( black ?an ^! "h giv54 ,( late ye>s _m black dyes d]iv$ f coal t> h be5 7p4 #jhi7 plac$ on ! m>ket4 ,among ^! may be enum]at$ ! ,acid ,blacks ( ,messrs4 ,bead ,holliday ,sons2 ! ,naph?ol & ,naph?ylam9e ,blacks ( ,leopold ,cassella ,co42 ! ,victoria ,blacks ( ! ,f>b5fabrik5 vorm1 ,fr4 ,bay] ,co42 ! ,wool ,blacks ( ! ,acti5gesells*aft fr ,anil9 ,fabrikation2 ! ,azo ,blacks ( ! ,f>bw]ke vorm1 ,mei/]1 ,lucius ,brun+2 & "o or two o!r blacks4 ,^! blacks are dy$ v simply1 z w be se5 f ! recipes giv5 bel[1 %[+ _! application 9 ! production ( blacks ( a great v>iety ( tone4 ,none ( !m dye a true jet black1 b g5]ally a blui% black or a violet black1 b ! tone may be readily *ang$ to a jet or dead black by ! addition ( a little orange1 yell[ or gre5 dye-/uff4 ,!y give blacks ( a v solid appe>ance & v bright 9 tone1 & h ! advantage ov] ! logwood blacks ( leav+ ! wool m supple & less liable to be felt$4 ,moreov]1 z a rule !y are fa/] to acids1 alkalies & mill+ ?an are ! logwood blacks1 & z reg>ds fa/ness to light !y excel t dye-/uff4 ,un=tunately !y are m co/ly to use1 :i* tells aga9/ _! entirely displac+ logwood 9 dye+ blacks on wool4 ,/ill1 ye> by ye> _! use is increas+1 & z _! price becomes less _! employm5t w yet fur!r ext5d4 ,!y may be comb9$ ) logwood1 z !y w dye ) equal facility on mordant$ & unmordant$ wool4 ,violet ,black on ,wool4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,acid ,black ,b1 or ,acid ,black ,b ,b1 #clb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,! ,b br& ( ^! blacks gives %ades slightly r$d] 9 tone ?an ! ,b ,b4 ,! blacks are q fa/ to light & acids1 b n to soap+4 ,blue ,black on ,wool4--,dye z 9 ! la/ recipe1 b use ,acid 7p4 #jij7 ,black,s4 ,?is dye-/uff produces blu] %ades ( black ?an ei!r ,b or ,b,b1 & !y are fa/] to soap+4 ,jet ,black on ,wool4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #d-a_/blb4 ,acid ,black,s1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[,f,y1 #clb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,?is %[s h[1 by ! addition ( a little yell[ dye-/uff1 ! blue %ade may be *ang$ to a full jet black4 ,blue ,black on ,wool4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #d-a_/blb4 ,naph?ol ,black,b 7or #flb4 ,naph?ol ,black#c;,b71 #dlb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,! ,naph?ol ,blacks h long be5 us$ 9 wool dye+1 & give excell5t results1 ! #c;,b br& dye+ mu* blu] %ades ?an ! ,b br&4 ,!re is also a #d ,r br& giv+ violet blacks4 ,^! blacks are q fa/ to acids & alkalies1 are fa/ to light1 & resi/ wa%+ v well1 ! ,b br& be+ ! fa/e/4 ,! foll[+ recipe %[s h[ a full jet %ade c be obta9$ = ^! blacks3-- ,jet ,black on ,wool4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d-a_/blb1 ,naph?ol ,black,b1 #alb4 ,naph?ol ,gre5,b1 #a_/dlb4 ,indian ,yell[1 #dlb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,blue ,black on ,wool4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #elb4 ,an?racite ,black ,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 bisulphate ( soda1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,an?racite ,black does n require a ba? s acid z d "s o!r coal-t> blacks4 ,! %ade obta9$ is a full blue black1 :i* is fa/ to acids2 alkalies turn x a little blu]1 & soap+ causes "s loss ( col\r4 ,violet ,black on ,wool4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #elb4 ,an?racite ,black,r1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,! black ?us obta9$ is a good "o1 fairly fa/ to acids1 alkalies & soap+4 ,dead ,black on ,wool4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #flb4 ,an?racite ,black,r1 #alb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w at 7p4 #jia7 ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & "w aga9 at ! boil = tw5ty m9utes4 ,?is black is a v f9e "o1 & is v fa/4 ,violet ,black on ,wool4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,naph?ylam9e ,black,d1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 acetic acid4 ,?is black is pretty fa/ to acids1 alkalies & light1 b is some:at loose to soap+1 &1 !re=e1 _c be us$ = black goods t h to be /rongly mill$4 ,naph?ylam9e ,black#d;,b dyes some:at blu] %ades ?an ! ,b br&4 ,blue ,black on ,wool4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #flb4 ,victoria ,blue ,black1 #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #a-a_/blb4 acetic acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,a f9e blue black1 is obta9$ :i* is q fa/ to acids1 wa%+ & light4 ,gre5i% ,black on ,wool4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #clb4 ,victoria ,black ,blue1 #blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[ ,f ,y1 #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s1 salt1 & #a_/a-blb4 acetic acid4 ,! dye+ is done at ! boil & takes ab\t an h\r4 ,?is %ade has a good full tone1 & is fa/4 ,jet ,black on ,wool4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,victoria ,black,b1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[,f,y1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,a v f9e %ade is ?us obta9$1 :i* is fa/ to acids1 alkalies & soap+4 ,by omitt+ ! ,fa/ ,yell[ a blue black is obta9$1 :ile by us+ ,acid ,gre5 in/ead a gre5] tone is giv5 to ! black4 ,9 place ( ! ,victoria ,black,b ! two o!r br&s1 #e;,g1 & ,g1 ( ^! blacks may be us$4 ,^! give equally fa/ blacks ( a deep] & m jet black4 ,black on ,wool4--,prep>e a ba? ) #elb4 acetic acid1 #i,tw42 ent] ! wool = "o h\r1 !n lift & add #elb4 ,naph?ol ,black #c;,b1 & #a_/dlb4 ,indian ,yell[4 ,re-ent] ! goods & boil = "o h\r1 wa% & dry4 ,_m ( ! black dyes--,naph?ol ,black1 ,naph?ylam9e ,blacks1 7p4 #jib7 ,naph?yl ,blue ,black,n1 ,acid ,black,b1 etc4--are capable ( sl[ly dye+ wool f neutral ba?s1 t is1 conta9+ only ,glaub]'s salt1 or r m quickly if a little acetic acid be pres5t4 ,su* dyes are v useful = dye+ heavily mill$ or felt$ fabrics1 su* z hat bodies = in/ance1 z !n ! dye possesses great] p5etrative prop]ties & passes m into ! sub/ance ( ! fabric1 :i* is1 !re=e1 bett] dy$ ?r\gh4 ,also !y are suitable = dye+ half-wool fabrics z w be se5 on ref]r+ to ! *apt] deal+ ) ! dye+ ( union or cotton-wool fabrics4 ,x is q possible to dye a black on wool by us+ a comb9ation ( acid & azo dye-/uffs1 & bel[ is giv5 a recipe illu/rat+ ?is me?od2 x is "o1 h[ev]1 r>ely adopt$4 ,blue-,black on ,wool4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 ,pat5t ,blue1 #foz4 ,brilliant ,orange1 #doz4 ,am>an?1 #doz4 ,acid ,violet,n1 #dlb4 sulphuric acid4 ,ent] ! goods at ab\t #aej;,f41 raise to ! boil & "w to %ade2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,x may be ( int]e/ to note t by us+ a mixture ( ,azo ,rub9e & ,acid gre5 good blacks c be got4 ,!re is a range ( ,acid & ,azo dyes :i* are capable ( dye+ f ! usual acid ba?s on to wool1 & yet c be develop$ & fix$ on ! fibre to good1 full blacks4 ,types ( su* dyes are ,an?rac5e ,*rome ,black,f,f1 ,diamond ,black,f1 ,*rome ,pat5t ,black,d,g & ,d,g,g1 ,fa/ ,*rome ,black1 etc4 ,g5]ally ! blacks dy$ on wool ) ^! dyes are v f9e1 h a full1 bloomy appe>ance1 & are v fa/4 ,!y are mu* us$ 9 dye+ hat bodies & f9e clo?s :i* h to be v fa/ to ! wea!r4 ,! me?od ( application w be glean$ f ! recipes giv5 bel[4 ,black4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #elb4 ,*romotrop,s1 #a_/dlb4 ,azo 7p4 #jic7 ,yell[1 #ejlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w = "o & a half h\rs at ! boil1 !n add #dlb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil = ano!r half h\r1 !n lift4 ,add to ! same dye-ba? #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%4 ,re-ent] ! goods & "w at ! boil = half an h\r1 !n lift1 r9se & dry4 ,jet ,black4--,mordant ! wool by boil+ = "o h\r 9 a ba? made f #dlb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #clb4 ( t>t>4 ,!n r9se1 & dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #c-a_/blb4 ,diamond ,black1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e,r,r,r d\ble1 & #alb4 ,gamb9e ,yell[1 work+ at ! boil = f "o to "o & a half h\rs4 ,diamond ,black on ,wool4--,mordant by boil+ = "o h\r ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #alb4 oxalic acid4 ,wa% & dry 9 a ba? made ) #blb4 ,diamond ,black1 #blb4 acetic acid4 ,"w at #abj;,f4 = "o h\r1 !n heat to boil1 & "w until ! dye is fully fix$4 ,lift1 wa% & dry4 ,a m common me?od ( us+ ! ,diamond ,black is giv5 9 ! foll[+ recipe4 ,diamond ,black4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #b-a_/blb4 ,diamond ,black1 #a_/blb4 ,diamond ,gre54 ,boil = an h\r1 !n pass ?r\gh a fre% ba? ( #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r at ! boil2 wa% & dry4 ,?is gives a f9e jet %ade ( black1 q fa/ to a /rong mill+1 & to light1 alkalies & acids4 ,diamond ,black by itself gives blui% %ades4 ,?is dye is mu* us$ 9 ! hat-dye+ trade4 ,violet ,black4--,mordant ! wool by boil+ = "o & a half h\rs 9 a ba? made ) #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & #a lb4 oxalic acid1 !n r9se & dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #belb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,black,g1 #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 & #a lb4 acetic acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs4 ,a f9e full %ade is obta9$ 7p4 #jid7 :i* is q fa/ to acids1 mill+ & light4 ,br[n ,black4--,mordant ! wool z 9 ! la/ recipe1 !n dye 9 a new ba? #belb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,black,g1 #clb4 ,an?rac5e ,br[n1 #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 & #alb4 acetic acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o to "o & a half h\rs4 ,jet ,black4--,mordant z 9 ei!r ( ! above recipes1 !n dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #bjlb4 ,aliz>9e ,black,s,w1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,?is black possesses a great degree ( resi/ance to acid1 alkali1 mill+ & light1 & is "o ( ! be/ blacks at ! disposal ( ! dy]4 ,r$di% ,black on ,wool4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? conta9+ #elb4 ,*romotrop#b;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #dlb4 sulphuric acid1 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift4 ,add to ! same ba? #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 sulphuric acid1 & "w half an h\r long]4 ,blue ,black4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #flb4 ,*romotrop #aj;,b & #dlb4 sulphuric acid2 dye1 & develop ! black by add+ to ! same ba? #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 sulphuric acid4 ,jet ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #e-a_/blb4 ,*romotrop ,s1 #a_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[,g,g,w1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #dlb4 sulphuric acid4 ,sl[ly raise to ! boil & "w = "o h\r1 !n add to ! same dye-ba? #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 & #alb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,^! are b a few examples ( h[ ! ,*romotrops 7"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ s]ies ( dye-/uffs at ! s]vice ( ! dy]7 may be us$ to dye blacks4 ,!y ( !mselves dye brilliant r$s1 f bright sc>let 7#b,r71 crimson 7#f;,b71 & purple 7#h;,b & #aj;,b71 to m>oon & cl>ets 7,s & ,s,b74 ,^! be+ turn$ black on be+ *rom$1 give v>i\s %ades--blue blacks1 violet blacks1 & jet blacks1 :i* h ! m]it ( be+ fa/ to acids1 /rong mill+1 & light 9 a great degree4 ,! blue & violet blacks may be conv]t$ to jet 7p4 #jie7 %ades by add+ to ! dye-ba? "s yell[ dye-/uff1 su* z ,azo ,yell[1 ,aliz>9e ,yell[1 or ,gamb9e ,yell[1 :i* w resi/ ! action ( ! bi*rome 9 ! develop+ ba?4 ,*romotrop blacks :ile s v fa/ h ! disadvantage ( be+ exp5sive1 b by comb9+ !m ) logwood x is possible to obta9 blacks t h a great degree ( resi/ance to light1 acids & mill+4 ,!y are 9 ?is respect mu* sup]ior to pure logwood blacks1 :ile ! co/ is n prohibitive4 ,! foll[+ recipe w s]ve z an example ( h[ ^! two dye-/uffs may be comb9$3-- ,jet ,black4--,make a ba? ) #blb4 ,*romotrop,s1 #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 hydro*loric acid4 ,"w 9 ?is ba? = "o h\r1 !n add #b-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 & "w aga9 = half an h\r1 at ! boil4 ,lift1 r9se & dye 9 a new ba? conta9+ #belb4 logwood1 #alb4 fu/ic extract & #a_/dlb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = an h\r4 ,violet ,black on ,wool4--,dye ! wool 9 ! ,*romotrop ba?1 & develop z 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,! f9al dye-ba? is made ) #flb4 logwood1 #hoz4 ,pat5t ,blue,b1 & #dlb4 sulphuric acid4 ,by us+ logwood alone blue blacks c be dy$1 by increas+ ! proportion ( fu/ic a gre5] tone c be obta9$1 :ile by ! use ( a l>g] proportion ( ,*romotrop a r$d] tone ( black is ! result4 ,jet ,black4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #flb4 ,nyanza ,black2 :5 obta9$ is a good "o & ( solid appe>ance4 ,alkalies turn x r$1 b x is fa/ to dilute acid & soap+4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #elb4 oxalate ( ammonia1 #elb4 acetic acid & #flb4 ,an?rac5e ,*rome ,black,f4 ,"w at ! boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 or until 7p4 #jif7 ! ba? is exhau/$ ( dye-/uff1 !n add #a-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 hydro*loric acid to ! same ba? & "w = half an h\r long]4 ,! ,an?rac5e ,*rome ,blacks1 ( :i* !re are ?ree br&s1 ,f1 #e;,b & ,f,e1 are excell5t dyes1 produc+ v f9e blacks1 & ow+ to ! sl[ness ( dye+ & great p5etrative prop]ties are v suitable = dye+ hat felts & o!r closely wov5 fabrics4 ,! #e;,b dyes m blui% %ades ?an ! ,f1 :ile ! ,f,e br& gives full black4 ,by comb9+ ^! ) ,an?rac5e ,yell[,b,n1 ,an?rac5e ,acid ,br[n,g1 or o!r simil> dyes1 jet blacks c be got z p] ! foll[+ recipe3-- ,jet ,black4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #flb4 ,an?rac5e ,*rome ,black,f,e1 #eoz4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,b,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 oxalate ( ammonia & #elb4 acetic acid1 aft] dye+1 & ! dye-ba?1 is exhau/$ ( col\r1 add #a-a_/b lb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #clb4 hydro*loric acid1 & boil aga9 = half an h\r4 ,f9i% 9 ! usual way4 ,"o ( ! reasons = add+ ! oxalate ( ammonia1 is to precipitate out any lime :i* may be 9 ! wat] 9 su* a =m t x w n react ) ! dye-/uff4 ,fa/ ,black4--,mordant ! y>n ) copp]as 7sulphate ( iron74 ,dye 9 a ba? ) #elb4 ,gamb9e,y1 #blb4 ,acid ,mauve1 #blb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,proce$ z describ$ = full gre54 ,blue ,black4--#c-a_/blb4 ,naph?ylam9e ,black,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 acetic acid2 to fully exhau/ ! dye-ba? add #hlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,jet ,black4--#elb4 ,naph?ylam9e ,black,s1 #a_/dlb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,gre5,b,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 acetic acid1 add+ #hlb4 bisulphate ( soda to exhau/ ! ba?4 ,blue ,black4--,give a deep blue bottom 9 ! indigo vat & dye ) #blb4 ,an?racite ,black,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,greys on ,wool4--,! dye+ ( greys foll[s v naturally aft] 7p4 #jig7 ! dye+ ( blacks1 = f a broad po9t ( view greys are simply light blacks1 & any dye-/uffs t w dye black w if us$ 9 small] proportions give greys4 ,!re is a great v>iety ( tone among greys3 r$di% greys1 blui% greys1 gre5i% greys1 & s on4 ,!y may be dy$ 9 a consid]able v>iety ( ways f a l>ge numb] ( dye-/uffs1 bo? natural & artificial4 ,( ^! two classes ! latt] gives ! be/ result z f> z reg>ds brightness ( tone1 & z reg>ds o!r prop]ties ! greys obta9$ f ! artificial coal-t> col\rs are fully equal to ^? f natural dyes4 ,a l>ge numb] ( recipes are 9 use by dy]s = ! production ( greys1 s _m t x becomes almo/ an impossibility to d m ?an give a m]e fraction ( !m "h4 ,h[ev]1 a numb] ( repres5tative recipes w be giv51 cov]+ all classes ( dye-/uffs capable ( be+ us$ = ! purpose1 & ?us =m+ a guide to ! me?ods ( dye+ & ! proportions ( dye-/uffs to be us$4 ,light ,grey4--,dye at ! boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 9 a ba? conta9+ #alb4 p]*loride ( t91 #clb4 alum1 #coz4 indigo extract1 & #boz4 co*9eal4 ,slate ,grey4--,mordant by boil+ ) #dlb4 alum & #alb4 argol1 !n dye ) #flb4 logwood1 #foz4 cudbe> & #coz4 indigo extract4 ,slate ,grey4--,ano!r me?od is to boil ! wool ) #aj lb4 logwood1 #blb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #alb4 sulphuric acid = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 !n lift1 add #alb4 copp]as1 & re-ent] ! wool1 work+ at ! boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,r$di% ,grey4--,boil = an h\r ) #ajlb4 fu/ic1 #aalb4 cut*1 #a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 copp]as4 ,pe>l ,grey4--,give a light blue gr\nd 9 ! indigo vat1 !n dye 9 a new ba? ) #blb4 muriate ( t9 & #c_/dlb4 co*9eal1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,silv] ,grey4--,prep>e a ba? ) #c_/dlb4 tannic acid2 "w = 7p4 #jih7 an h\r 9 a w>m ba?1 !n sadd5 ) #clb4 nitrate ( iron to %ade1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,pe>l ,grey4--,prep>e a ba? ) #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,bordeaux,b4 ,ent] into ! ba? :5 cold1 !n heat to ! boil & "w = "o & a half h\rs1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,silv] ,grey4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & #f-a_/boz4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e,g,g1 ! dye+ be+ done z 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,gre5i% ,grey4--,a good %ade is dy$ ) #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 #doz4 ,aliz>9e ,bordeaux,b1 & #doz4 ,diamond ,flav9e,g1 work+ z giv5 9 ! above recipe4 ,grey4--,give a pale blue bottom ) an indigo vat1 !n dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #alb4 fluoride ( *rome1 #a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 & #c_/doz4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c2 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 lift1 wa%1 & dry4 ,d>k ,grey4--,a v f9e d>k grey1 almo/ approa*+ a black is obta9$ by ! foll[+ plan3 bottom ! wool ) a m$ium blue by means ( ! indigo vat1 dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #alb4 fluoride ( *rome1 #coz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 & #coz4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c4 ,slate ,grey4--,a good slate grey ( a slightly gre5i% tone c be dy$ 9 a ba? ( #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 #c_/dlb4 ,acid ,blue#d,s1 & #a_/dlb4 ,titan ,br[n,r1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,pale ,slate ,grey4--,! dye+ is done 9 a ba? made ) #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 #eoz4 ,acid ,blue#d,s1 & #a-a_/boz4 ,titan ,br[n,r1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,silv] ,grey4--,a v nice %ade is dy$ ) #coz4 ,acid ,blue#d,s1 #a_/doz4 ,titan ,r$1 & #eoz4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,silv] ,grey4--,a %ade simil> to ! la/ is dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #elb4 bisulphate ( soda1 & #c_/doz4 ,an?racite ,black,r4 ,by add+ a little ,?ioc>m9e,r ! 7p4 #jii7 %ade c be turn$ blu] 9 tone1 :ile ! addition ( a little ,mill+ ,yell[,o1 or ,titan ,yell[1 turns x to ! gre5 side4 ,pe>l ,grey4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #elb4 acetic acid1 & #c_/dlb4 ,naph?ylam9e ,black,d4 ,?is gives f9e %ades ( pe>l grey4 ,blui% ,grey4--,mordant ! wool by boil+ 9 a ba? made ) #blb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #alb4 t>t>1 & #alb4 sulphuric acid4 ,dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #boz4 ,diam9e ,black 7or #c_/doz4 ,diamond ,black & #a-a_/boz4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e,r71 work+ at ! boil = an h\r & a half4 ,grey4--,?is c be dy$ ) #coz4 ,nyanza ,black,b1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil4 ,r$di% ,grey4--,a good full %ade is dy$ ) #a-a_/boz4 ,cyanole extra1 #a_/doz4 ,orange extra1 #c_/doz4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,slate ,grey4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #coz4 ,cyanole extra1 #a_/boz4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 #c_/doz4 ,orange extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,pe>l ,grey4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #c_/doz4 ,pat5t ,blue1 #a_/boz4 ,acid ,violet,n1 #c_/doz4 ,orange,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,/one ,grey on ,wool4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #a_/boz4 ,*romotrop#b,r1 #c_/doz4 ,cyanole extra1 #a-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #c_/doz4 ,acid ,yell[1 #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #clb4 acetic acid4 ,ent] at #hj;,f41 !n w>m sl[ly & "w to %ade1 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,^! recipes w probably be suffici5t to %[ ! l9es on :i* greys may be obta9$ 9 wool dye+4 ,x may be add$ t f ! ,acid ,blacks,b1 ,b,b1 & ,s1 good greys ( a violet tone may be obta9$1 us+ f #a_/b to #c_/doz4 dye-/uff4 ,! ,naph?ol ,blacks w also be f\nd useful 9 ! same way1 :ile ! greys f ,an?rac5e ,*rome ,blacks & ! ,aliz>9e blacks are v good & fa/4 ,r$ ,%ades on ,wool4--,! numb] ( r$ %ades t may be dy$ 7p4 #ajj7 on wool is inf9ite4 ,!y range ov] e v>iety ( t9t ( r$1 f ! pale/ blu%-rose to ! deepe/ crimson1 & f ! mo/ brilliant p9k to ! dulle/ gr5at %ade4 ,x is q impossible "h to describe ! dye+ ( e imag9able %ade ( r$1 :ile ! great v>iety ( r$ dye-/uffs1 bo? natural & artificial1 adds to ! difficulty ( deal+ 9 ! space at comm& ) all ! v>i\s me?ods & dyes t may be us$ 9 ! dye+ ( r$s on wool4 ,! me?ods t may be adopt$ = dye+ r$ %ades on wool are _m & v>i\s1 dep5d+ n only on ! p>ticul> dye-/uff us$1 b (t5 on ! p>ticul> %ade t is be+ dy$4 ,"o me?od1 :i* w yield a pale & useful t9t ) a p>ticul> dye-/uff1 w\ld fail if a full %ade 7 necess>y4 ,! great] numb] ( r$ %ades are n[ dy$ by means ( ! artificial dye-/uffs1 z ^! are mu* easi] to dye ?an are ! natural dyes1 & !y give1 on ! :ole1 m ev5 & brilliant %ades1 :ile z reg>ds fa/ness to mill+1 acids1 & light !y are fully equal1 & 9 mo/ cases sup]ior1 to ! natural dyes4 ,! ,direct ,r$ ,dyes4--,( ?is gr\p ( r$ dye-/uffs1 ,b5zopurpur9e1 ,titan ,sc>let1 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 & ,b5zo ,fa/ ,r$ are types2 _m ( !m h be5 f\nd to be v s]viceable 9 wool dye+4 ,!y may be dy$ ei!r f pla9 ba?s conta9+ common salt or ,glaub]'s salt1 or f ba?s conta9+ common salt or ,glaub]'s salt & a little acetic acid4 ,alkal9e or soap ba?s d n "w well z a rule1 & mu/ be avoid$ 9 wool dye+4 ,g5]ally ! dye-ba? is exhau/$ ( col\r1 & full %ades are easily obta9$1 :ile ^! r$s are 9 g5]al rem>kable = ! ev5ness & uni=mity ( t9t :i* c be 7p4 #aja7 produc$4 ,! r$s s dy$ are1 on ! :ole1 fairly fa/ to soap+1 & c be us$ = dye+ goods t h to be mill$1 :ile _! resi/ance to light & air is fairly good4 ,b5zopurpur9e & ,diam9e ,r$ are m or less affect$ by acids1 b ! ,titan ,r$ & "s ( ! m mod]n r$s1 ,diam9e ,brilliant ,sc>let1 ,b5zo ,fa/ ,sc>lets1 are all fa/ to acids4 ,! fa/ness to wa%+ & light ( "s ( !m1 ,b5zo ,fa/ ,r$1 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 ,titan ,r$1 is mu* increas$ by add+1 aft] ! wool has be5 dy$1 #c p] c5t4 ( fluoride ( *romium to ! dye-ba?1 & work+ a little long]4 ,! dye+ ) ^! col\rs is done at ! boil1 & ! goods may be ent]$ direct into ! boil+ ba? )\t fe> ( unev5 %ades be+ produc$4 ,?is ba? may be kept z a /&+ "o1 simply add+ z ea* lot is dy$ ! necess>y quantity ( dye-/uff1 a little fre% wat] to br+ ! ba? up to its orig9al volume1 & a correspond+ quantity ( ! salt orig9ally add$4 ,! wool c !n be ent]$ & dy$4 ,9 place ( us+ salt or ,glaub]'s salt1 acetate ( ammonia is an excell5t assi/ant = ?is class ( dyes4 ,! foll[+ are "s recipes = dye+ v>i\s %ades ( r$ on wool ) ?is class ( dyes4 ,sc>let4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #clb4 ,titan ,sc>let,c,b1 & #ajlb4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,?is gives a good bright %ade ( sc>let1 :i* is fa/ to acids & soap+1 al?\gh n fa/ to light4 ,sc>let4--,dye 9 a ba? made ) #clb4 ,diam9e ,sc>let,b & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,?is yields a light %ade1 n s fa/ to acids z ! la/1 b equally fa/ to soap+ & light4 ,sc>let4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,b5zopurpur9e#d;,b1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,?is also gives a good %ade ( ,sc>let fa/ to soap+4 ,x is turn$ d>k blue by acids1 & is n fa/ to 7p4 #ajb7 light4 ,x is v l>gely us$ on und]we> goods1 b is n s satisfactory = ?is z ! ,titan ,sc>let,c,b1 or ,b5zo ,fa/ ,sc>let,b,s4 ,sc>let4--,! dye-ba? may be made ) #clb4 ,brilliant ,congo,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,?is gives a satisfactory %ade ( sc>let4 ,bright ,sc>let4--,! dye-ba? prep>$ ) #blb4 ,g]an9e,g1 #elb4 sulphate ( soda1 #elb4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,crimson4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a-a_/blb4 ,*rysoph59e1 #a-a_/blb4 ,hessian ,violet1 #belb4 salt4 ,heat to #aej;,f41 ent] ! goods1 heat to boil & dye boil+ = "o h\r1 take out1 r9se & wa%4 ,sc>let4--,a brilliant %ade ( sc>let c be dy$ 9 a ba? ( #clb4 ,b5zo ,fa/ ,r$1 #alb4 ,*rysoph59e1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,fa/ ,r$4--,dye ! wool 9 a ba? boil+1 conta9+ #alb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 acetic acid1 until ! ba? is exhau/$1 !n add #clb4 fluoride ( ,*rome & "w half an h\r long] at ! boil4 ,bordeaux4--,dye ) #clb4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,p9k4--,dye ) #blb4 ,diam9e ,rose,b,d1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #alb4 acetic acid4 ,! basic r$ dyes are n v num]\s1 & comprise ,mag5ta1 ,saffran9e1 ,acrid9e ,r$s1 ,acrid9e ,sc>lets1 ,rhodul9e ,r$s1 ,rhodam9e & ,neutral ,b$s4 ,= successful dye+ !y require a p]fectly neutral ba?4 ,?is ba? %\ld conta9 #aj p] c5t4 ( ,glaub]'s salt1 & is />t$ cold & n too /rong2 :5 all ! mat]ial has be5 ent]$ ! /eam may be turn$ on & ! temp]ature sl[ly rais$1 ! mat]ial be+ turn$ ov] & ov]4 ,! op]ation is cont9u$ only until ! ba? has be5 exhau/$ ( col\r1 :5 x is /opp$1 & ! wool tak5 out1 & wa%$ 7p4 #ajc7 & dri$4 ,! liquor 9 ! dye-ba?s may be all[$ to cool d[n1 & !n x may be us$ = mak+ ! dye-ba? = a second lot ( goods1 or x may be run away4 ,x is be/ n to add ! dye to ! ba? all at once1 b 9 sev]al portions z ! "w proce$s4 ,! aff9ity ( ! wool = ! basic dyes is usually s /rong t if all 7 add$ to ! dye-ba? at ! />t1 !n ! fir/ portion ( ! goods ent]$ might take up all1 or ne>ly all1 ! col\r1 leav+ b little = ! la/ portion2 ! consequ5ce be+ t ! goods are dy$ ( an unev5 col\r1 deep] 9 "s p>ts ?an o!rs4 ,?is defect is rem$i$ by add+ ! dye 9 portions1 ent]+ ! goods r quickly1 work+ cold1 or by add+ a little acetic acid & pl5ty ( ,glaub]'s salt4 ,not)/&+ all ^! precautions x is q possible = ! %ades to come up some:at unev54 ,^! rem>ks are applicable n only to ! basic r$s b to ! :ole range ( basic dyes1 h5ce ?is class ( dye-/uffs is b little us$ 9 ! dye+ ( wool4 ,crimson4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,mag5ta1 & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ z describ$ above4 ,?is gives a f9e crimson %ade :i*1 h[ev]1 is n fa/ to soap+ or to light4 ,! quantity ( dye-/uff giv5 above %\ld n be exce$$ or ! %ades may come up bronzy1 ?is may be avoid$ if a trace ( acetic acid is add$ to ! dye-ba?4 ,crimson4--,dye ) #b-a_/blb4 ( ,saffran9e & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,?is dyes a f9e ,crimson %ade4 ,deep ,r$4--,use #clb4 ,rhodul9e ,r$ & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,sc>let4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #alb4 ,saffran9e ,prima1 #alb4 ,auram9e1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,! goods are ent]$ into ! dye-ba? at ab\t #abj;,f41 & well work$ ab\t1 !n ! temp]ature is rais$ sl[ly4 ,:5 ! dye-ba? is exhau/$ ! goods are lift$1 wa%$ & dri$4 ,!re are no pure basic sc>lets1 & ! above & simil> comb9ations ( a basic r$ & a basic yell[ are ! 7p4 #ajd7 only ways 9 :i* a sc>let c be dy$ on wool ) basic coal-t> col\rs4 ,! basic col\rs are1 9 g5]al1 ! hydro*lorides ( "s col\r base1 & 9 ! process ( dye+ ! acid con/itu5t ( ! wool fibre unites ) ! col\r base1 :ile ! hydro*loric acid :i* is lib]at$ passes into ! dye-ba?4 ,! acid r$s are a v l>ge gr\p ( r$ dyes1 ( some:at v>i$ *emical composition1 :i* all h ! prop]ty ( dye+ f ba?s conta9+ ,glaub]'s salt & sulphuric acid or acetic acid1 ! usual proportions be+ #aj p] c5t4 ( ! =m]1 & #b to #e p] c5t4 ( ! acid4 ,"s are be/ dy$ f a ba? conta9+ bisulphate ( soda4 ,! dye+ %\ld be />t$ cold1 or at a lukew>m heat1 !n /eam %\ld be turn$ on & ! temp]ature rais$ to ! boil1 at :i* x is ma9ta9$ = an h\r2 ?is boil+ s]v+ to m intimately fix ! dye-/uff on ! wooll5 fibre4 ,! ,eos9e r$s1 ( :i* ,eos9e 9 its v>i\s br&s1 ,rose ,b5gale1 ,phlox9e1 ,saffros9e & ,ery?ros9e1 are examples1 are be/ dy$ ^u wool f a ba? conta9+ ,glaub]'s salt & a little acetic acid4 ,!y d n require a v acid ba?1 h5ce ! reason ( us+ acetic acid4 ,! me?od ( dye+ is t giv5 above z = basic r$s1 namely1 ent] into cold1 or at mo/ lukew>m ba?1 & raise ! heat sl[ly1 cont9u+ ! "w until ! %ade requir$ has be5 obta9$4 ,x is a good plan to />t "w 9 a neutral ba?1 & !n :5 ! mat]ial has become ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! dye-liquor to add ! acetic acid4 ,! %ades obta9$ f ^! ,eos9e r$s are rem>kable = _! brilliance1 b un=tunately _! fa/ness to light1 wa%+1 etc41 is b slight1 al?\gh x may be increas$ by treat+ ! dy$ wool 9 a ba? ( alum or acetate ( lead4 ,"s ( ! acid r$s1 e4g41 ,acid ,mag5ta1 ,acid ,violet1 belong 7p4 #aje7 to ! gr\p ( sulphonat$ basic dyes4 ,! va/ majority belong to ! gr\p ( azo dyes1 :i* c be employ$ to dye f pale/ p9ks to ! deepe/ crimson r$s4 ,"s dye v brilliant %ades1 o!rs only yield dull r$s4 ,"s dye %ades rem>kable = _! fa/ness to all ag5cies1 soap1 acids1 alkalies1 light & air2 o!rs dye %ades :i* may be fa/ to soap1 b loose to acids & light4 ,g5]ally ev5 %ades are readily obta9$ on any k9d ( wooll5 fabric4 ,x is practically impossible to "n all ! acid r$s t are kn[n & t may be us$1 b a fairly repres5tative s]ies ( recipes w be giv54 ,ponceau4--,wet out1 !n prep>e a ba? ) #blb4 ,ponceau,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,ent] ! wool 9 ! cold1 br+ to a boil & "w to %ade1 wa% & dry4 ,cru%$ ,/rawb]ry4--,prep>e a ba? conta9+ #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #doz4 ,sc>let,r,s1 #ioz4 ,indigo extract1 #boz4 ,orange,y1 #doz4 sulphuric acid4 ,ent] wool at #afj;,f41 give f\r turns1 raise temp]ature sl[ly to a boil1 & turn to %ade1 lift & wa%4 ,sc>let4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,azo co*9eal1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #dlb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil until ! full %ade is obta9$1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,t]ra ,cotta ,r$4--,! dye-ba? is made f #b-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,mag5ta,b1 #b-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[,f,y1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade4 ,fa/ ,sc>let4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #a-a_/dlb4 sulphuric acid1 #b-a_/blb4 ,brilliant ,sc>let #d,r4 ,"w at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs4 ,sc>let4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,sc>let#b,r,j1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! goods may be ent]$ at ab\t #aej;,f41 & ! temp]ature rais$ at ! boil & ma9ta9$ at t heat = "o h\r1 !n ! goods are lift$1 r9s$ & dri$4 ,! me?od giv5 9 ! above recipes is t usually foll[$ 7p4 #ajf7 ) ! acid col\rs4 ,:5 closely wov5 or ?ick goods are be+ dy$1 :]e x is desir$ t ! col\r %\ld p5etrate well into ! sub/ance ( ! goods1 ! foll[+ modification ( work+ may be adopt$3-- ,! dye-ba? is made up ) ! dye-/uff & ,glaub]'s salt only1 & ! goods are work$ 9 ?is at ! boil until !y are ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! dye-/uff liquor1 !n ! acid is add$ 9 small quantities at a "t1 & ! dye+ is cont9u$ = "o h\r to fix ! col\r+ matt] on ! wool fibre4 ,! goods may !n be lift$ out1 wa%$ & dri$4 ,sc>let4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,sc>let,f,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,9 place ( sc>let,f,r1 ! ,f#b,r or ,f#c,r br&s may be us$1 ! latt] giv+ ! r$de/ %ades4 ,sc>let4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,sc>let,o,o1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,sc>let,o dyes a yell[] %ade ( sc>let1 :ile sc>lets,o,o &,o,o,o dye slightly r$d] %ades4 ,sc>let4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #clb4 ,brilliant ,ponceau#b,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,?is gives a brilliant %ade ( sc>let4 ,brilliant ,ponceau,g1 us$ 9 ! same way1 gives a mu* yell[] tone ( sc>let1 ! ,r gives a slightly yell[] tone1 :ile ! #c & #d,r br&s dye r$d] %ades4 ,blui% ,r$4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #blb4 ,brilliant ,croce9e,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,brilliant croce9e,b,b & ! br& ,m dye r$d] %ades ( sc>let4 ,r$4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,mill+ ,r$,r1 #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 acetic acid4 ,?is is a good bright %ade1 & is q fa/ to soap+ & mill+4 ,deep ,sc>let4--,dye ) #clb4 ,*romotrop,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s 7p4 #ajg7 salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is sc>let is v fa/ to mill+1 acid & light4 ,r$4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,victoria ,sc>let,r1 #alb4 ,victoria ,rub9e,o1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #dlb4 sulphuric acid4 ,a f9e deep sc>let r$ is obta9$4 ,sc>let4--,dye ) #blb4 ,brilliant ,orseille,c1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a bright blui% %ade ( sc>let4 ,r$4--,dye ) #alb4 ,em9 ,r$ & #elb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,sc>let4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,croce9e ,sc>let#c,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,fawn ,r$4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a-a_/boz4 ,cyanole1 #a-a_/boz4 ,orange extra1 #b-a_/boz4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a nice light t9t ( fawn r$1 ( a some:at blui% tone4 ,deep ,fawn ,r$4--,a v deep %ade ( fawn r$ is dy$ ) #d-a_/boz4 ,cyanole1 #b-a_/dlb4 ,orange extra1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! same dye-/uffs are us$ z 9 ! la/1 b ! result is a deep] %ade1 ( a yell[ tone4 ,cru%$ ,/rawb]ry ,r$4--,use #doz4 ,*romotrop#b,r1 #boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #aoz4 ,azo yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,pale ,lilac ,rose4--,dye ) #aoz4 ,*romotrop#b,r1 #a_/boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #a_/boz4 ,azo yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,fawn4--,dye ) #c-a_/doz4 ,*romotrop#b,r1 #a-a_/boz4 ,orange,g1 #boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #doz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #ajlb4 acetic acid1 & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,crimson4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,titan ,r$#f;,b1 #bjlb4 salt1 ) a little acetic acid1 & "w at ! boil4 ,?is gives a f9e %ade ( crimson1 fa/ to acids & capable ( /&+ mill+ v well4 ,deep ,crimson4--,a bright & deep crimson is dy$ ) #dlb4 ,fa/ 7p4 #ajh7 ,acid ,mag5ta,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil4 ,pale ,crimson4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,mag5ta,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil4 ,level %ades are readily obta9$1 & ! dye is fa/ to wa%+4 ,deep ,crimson4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a v deep %ade ( crimson1 ( a blui% tone4 ,blui% ,crimson4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #blb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,pale ,blui% ,crimson4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #alb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a v bright %ade ( pale crimson4 ,! ,b br& ( ! ,azo ,fu*s9es gives slightly blu] %ades ?an ! above4 ,deep ,crimson4--,a v solid crimson is dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #clb4 ,azo ,r$,a1 #boz4 ,orange extra1 #boz4 ,cyanole extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil4 ,bright ,crimson4--,a f9e blui% crimson c be dy$ on wool ) #dlb4 ,azo ,r$,a1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #aj lb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w at ! boil4 ,deep ,crimson4--,a good %ade c be dy$ ) #flb4 ,am>an?1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 work+ at ! boil4 ,brilliant ,pale ,blui% ,crimson4--,a really brilliant %ade1 bord]+ on a violet r$1 is dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #a-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,blui% ,crimson4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,croce9e ,sc>let1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a good full %ade ( a blui% tone & v bright4 ,blui% ,crimson4--,dye ) #clb4 ,*romotrop#f;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a f9e t9t1 7p4 #aji7 v fa/ to acids1 mill+ & light4 ,purple4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,*romotrop#aj;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! ,*romotrops are rem>kable = ! fulness ( ! %ades !y dye1 ! brightness ( _! t9t1 & _! fa/ness to acids1 wa%+ & light4 ,purple4--,use #dlb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,blui% ,purple4--,a v d>k %ade ( purple is dy$ ) #dlb4 ,azo ,acid ,violet#d,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bordeaux ,r$s4--,^! are %ades t lie int]m$iately betwe5 ! sc>lets & ! crimsons4 ,!y are 9 g5]al dull] ?an ! sc>lets1 & h a m solid & full] look2 :ile !y are less blue 9 tone ?an ! crimson4 ,!y c be obta9$ f a l>ge v>iety ( dye-/uffs1 & ! recipes giv5 bel[ may be reg>d$ z typical examples4 ,bright ,bordeaux ,r$4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,azo ,bordeaux1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,?is is a v bright %ade1 ( a some:at blui% tone4 ,*]ry ,r$4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #b-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,mag5ta,b1 #b-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a f9e deep %ade4 ,bright ,*]ry ,r$4--,a v yell[ %ade ( r$1 fa/ to mill+1 is dy$ by mak+ a dye-ba? ) #a-a_/blb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #clb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #elb4 acetate ( soda1 & #blb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 re-ent] ! wool & "w half an h\r long]2 wa% & dry4 ,deep ,bordeaux ,r$4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #dlb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 #elb4 acetate ( soda1 & #clb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w 7p4 #aaj7 at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 add to ! ba? #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 re-ent] ! goods & "w aga9 = half an h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,bright ,*]ry ,r$4--,make a dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,b5zo ,fa/ ,r$1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 re-ent] ! goods & "w = half an h\r long]2 wa% & dry4 ,*]ry ,r$4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #a-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,blui% ,bordeaux ,r$4--,= a v fa/ %ade use #hoz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r1 #hoz4 ,orange,g1 #c_/doz4 ,pat5t ,blue,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,bright ,bordeaux ,r$4--,a good bright & fa/ %ade ( r$ is dy$ ) #c-a_/blb4 ,em9 ,r$ & #glb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 "w = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,bordeaux ,r$4--,use #clb4 ,titan ,sc>let,d1 #a_/dlb4 ,titan ,br[n,o1 & #bjlb4 salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,cl>et ,r$s4--,cl>et r$s are v useful %ades & are great fav\rites ( ! dress-lov+ public4 ,!y are d>k r$s ( a yell[ tone1 & c be dy$ ^u wool 9 a v>iety ( ways1 ( :i* ! foll[+ recipes j indicate a few4 ,cl>et4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,mill+ r$,r1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #dlb4 sulphuric acid4 ,cl>et4--,use #dlb4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,cl>et4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,bordeaux,b,l1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,cl>et4--,a deep %ade is dy$ ) #b-a_/blb4 ,victoria ,sc>let,r1 7p4 #aaa7 #blb4 ,victoria ,rub9e,o1 #aoz4 ,cyan9e ,sc>let,r1 #blb4 ,victoria ,rub9e,o1 #aoz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,cl>et4--,a f9e deep %ade is dy$ ) #blb4 ,azo ,r$,a1 #a_/dlb4 ,orange extra1 #a_/dlb4 ,cyanole1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,m>oon ,r$s4--,f cl>ets to m>oons is n a wide int]val1 !y are bo? d>k %ade r$s1 ! =m] t5d+ to a yell[ tone1 ! latt] to a m blui% %ade ( r$4 ,a few recipes w be giv5 to %[ "s ( ! be/ me?ods ( dye+ m>oons4 ,m>oon4--,use #flb4 ,am>an?,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a f9e bright %ade4 ,deep ,m>oon4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #d-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet#aj;,b1 #hjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a f9e blue %ade ( m>oon ( great dep?4 ,m>oon4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #clb4 ,azo acid violet#d,r1 #alb4 ,fa/ ,yell[,s1 #a-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,gre5 ,blui%1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,m>oon4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,acid ,mag5ta1 #a_/blb4 ,orange,o1 #a_/blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,m>oon4--,make a dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,azo ,acid ,rub9e1 #a-a_/boz4 ,acid ,black,b,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,m>oon4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #clb4 ,mill+ ,r$,b1 #a-a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,black#d,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,m>oon4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a-a_/blb4 ,victoria ,sc>let,r1 #acoz4 ,victoria ,rub9e,o1 #a_/blb4 ,victoria ,yell[1 #blb4 ,keton ,blue,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,r$4--,a good %ade is dy$ ) #dlb4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,g1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,b dyes some:at blu] %ades4 ,fa/ ,r$4--,dye ) #dlb4 ,mill+ ,r$,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 7p4 #aab7 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,sc>let4--,dye ) #clb4 ,brilliant ,co*9eal#b,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,sc>let4--,dye ) #clb4 ,brilliant ,ponceau#d,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,p9ks4--,p9k4--,use #a-a_/boz4 ,ery!s9e,d1 & #elb4 acetic acid4 ,^! two p9ks are v mu* alike & are v bright4 ,blui% ,p9k4--,use #a-a_/boz4 ,rose ,b5gale & #elb4 acetic acid4 ,p9k4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #coz4 ,azo ,co*9eal1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,blui% ,p9k4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #c_/d to #aoz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r & a little ,orange,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,p9k4--,by us+ #a-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r1 #c_/doz4 ,orange,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 a good full p9k is obta9$4 ,blui% ,p9k4--,use #boz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,_m ( ! o!r acid r$s may be us$ = dye+ p9ks if f #b to #doz4 ( dye-/uff be us$4 ,p9k4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #a-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 #elb4 acetate ( soda1 & #clb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,coral ,r$4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,sc>let,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #alb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,*]ry ,r$4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #b-a_/blb4 ,orange,g,g1 #alb4 ,brilliant ,orseille,c1 #c_/doz4 ,cyanole extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,crimson4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #dlb4 ,brilliant ,orseille,c1 #a-a_/boz4 ,cyanole extra1 #coz4 ,orange,g,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,sc>let4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,g1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade4 ,crimson4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,b1 & 7p4 #aac7 #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade4 ,! ,lanafu*s9es1 ( :i* !re are ?ree br&s1 ,s,g1 ,s,b1 & #f;,b1 dye v good level %ades ( r$ f sc>let to crimson1 :i* are ( good fa/ness to mill+1 acids & light4 ,salmon4--,use #a_/blb4 ,rhodam9e,b1 #a_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,yell[,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,rose ,r$4--,use #a_/dlb4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,b1 #coz4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #alb4 sulphuric acid4 ,salmon ,r$4--,use #a-a_/boz4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,g1 #a_/doz4 ,fa/ ,yell[,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #a_/blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,crimson4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #blb4 ,naph?ol ,r$,c1 #ioz4 ,acid ,mag5ta1 #c_/doz4 ,cyanole extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,purple ,r$4--,dye ) #b-a_/blb4 ,naph?ol ,r$,c1 #c_/dlb4 ,acid ,mag5ta1 #aoz4 ,cyanole extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bordeaux ,r$4--,dye ) #dlb4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,b1 #aoz4 ,orange extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,fawn ,r$4--,dye ) #a_/dlb4 ,orange,g,g1 #coz4 ,lanafu*s9e,s,b1 #a_/boz4 ,cyanole extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,salmon4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a_/doz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r1 #a_/boz4 ,orange,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #alb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade4 ,! mordant r$s are fairly num]\s1 & include bo? natural & artificial r$ dye-/uffs4 ,! pr9ciple or prop]ty on :i* ! application ( ?is gr\p ( dye-/uffs to ! dye+ ( textile fabrics dep5ds is t !y are ( an acid "* & comb9e ) metallic oxides1 l ^? ( iron1 alum9ium1 or *romium to =m insoluble col\r$ bodies1 or col\r lakes z !y are call$4 ,! %ade or t9t ( ^! col\r lakes dep5ds1 fir/ly1 ^u ! 7p4 #aad7 dye-/uff1 &1 secondly1 ^u ! metallic oxide4 ,?us ,aliz>9e ) alum9a gives a sc>let1 ) *rome a d>k r$1 & ) iron a dull violet4 ,alum9a & *rome are ! metallic mordants mo/ commonly us$ 9 ! dye+ ( r$s2 sometimes t9 is us$1 b nev] iron4 ,! coal-t> col\r mak]s h plac$ at ! s]vice ( dy]s a great v>iety ( mordant dyes1 :i* may be classifi$ some:at r\ghly into gr\ps1 accord+ to _! *emical composition4 ,! fir/ gr\p is call$ ph5olic col\rs4 ,^! conta9 ! gr\p1 or radical ,,oh1 hydroxyl1 once or (t5]4 ,x is to ! pres5ce ( ?is gr\p t !y owe _! acid "* & ! prop]ty ( comb9ation ) metallic oxides4 ,to ?is gr\p ( dye-/uffs belong su* dyes z ,aliz>9e1 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e1 ,an?ragallol1 ,gamb9e1 ,co]ule91 & "s o!rs4 ,! natural r$ dye-/uffs1 ,co*9eal1 ,brazil-wood1 madd]1 etc41 probably belong to ?is class4 ,none ( ^! are ess5tially dyes ( !mselves1 & us$ alone w n dye any fibre1 x is only :5 !y are br\ght into comb9ation ) ! mordant t !y w dye ! wool fibre4 ,! next gr\p may be call$ hydroxy-azo dyes1 & are q ( mod]n introduction4 ,!y are azo dyes1 "o ( ^: con/itu5ts is a body l salicylic acid1 amido-b5zoic acid1 dihydroxy-naph?al5e-sulpho acid1 :i* conta9 ! gr\p ,,oh1 hydroxyl ) c>boxyl ,,cooh4 ,! fir/ gr\p imp>ts ph5olic *>act]s1 :ile ! second gives true acid prop]ties1 & bo? ( ^! act+ toge!r cause ! dyes to be able to =m col\r lakes ) metallic oxides4 ,!re is "o po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! two gr\ps ( dyes1 ! ph5olic dyes are z a rule n dyes ( !mselves1 "s ( !m are practically free f col\r1 & x is only :5 br\ght into comb9ation ) ! metallic oxide or mordant t !y =m a col\r & dye a fibre4 ,on ! 7p4 #aae7 o!r h& ! azo mordants are 9 g5]al col\r+ matt]s1 & c be us$ to dye wool )\t ! aid ( a mordant1 ! latt] only s]v+ to make ! col\r fa/] to light1 acids1 mill+1 etc41 & x (t5 has no mat]ial effect on ! %ade or tone ( col\r be+ dy$4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[,g,g1 ,gamb9e ,yell[1 ,an?rac5e ,yell[1 ,*rome ,violet1 are examples ( su* dyes4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s dyes 7su* z ! ,*romotrops1 ,az(u*s9e1 ,an?rac5e ,acid ,br[ns1 etc47 on :i* ! mordant has a m>k$ effect4 ,! me?ods adopt$ 9 practice = ! application ( ?is class ( dyes are _m & v>i$4 ,! mordants us$ are alum1 alum9a sulphate1 acetate ( *rome1 *rome alum1 fluoride ( *rome1 f]r\s sulphate & t9 *loride1 :ile1 9 addition1 along ) ^! true mordant+ mat]ials1 assi/ant mordants are us$1 su* z argol1 t>t>1 t>t>ic acid1 lactic acid1 lignoros9e1 oxalic acid & sulphuric acid4 ,! mordant+ may be done ei!r be=e or aft] ! dye+1 ! fir/ plan be+ t commonly adopt$ ) ! ph5olic col\rs1 :ile ! second me?od may be us$ & is ! be/ to use ) azo-mordant dyes4 ,sometimes ! mordant+ & dye+ may be done 9 "o ba?1 b ?is me?od is "o :i* leads to a loss ( col\r+ matt] & (t5 to ! production ( col\rs :i* are loose to rubb+1 & _c1 !re=e1 be recomm5d$4 ,mordant+4--,?is op]ation is c>ri$ out 9 ! same way 9 all cases4 ,! goods are ent]$ into ! ba? at a temp]ature ( ab\t #aej;,f4 ,! heat is rais$ to ! boil1 & is !n ma9ta9$ = "o & a half h\rs1 aft] :i* ! mordant$ wool is lift$ & well r9s$1 :5 x is ready = ! dye-ba?4 ,z mordant+ mat]ials bi*romate ( pota% & fluoride ( *rome are *iefly us$ :5 *rome mordants are requir$1 sometimes *rome alum4 ,) ^! 7p4 #aaf7 are us$ sulphuric acid1 oxalic acid1 cream ( t>t> or argol1 lactic acid1 etc4 ,:i* ( ^! are us$ dep5ds entirely on ! results :i* are to be got & ! dye-/uff to be us$1 m p>ticul>ly is ?is ! case :5 bi*romate ( pota% is ! mordant+ mat]ial4 ,:5 sulphuric acid is us$ z ! assi/ant along ) ! bi*rome1 !n !re is =m$ on ! wool fibre a deposit ( *romic acid & *romium oxide1 & ?is ex]ts an oxidis+ effect on ! col\r+ matt] or dye-/uff1 :i* 9 "s cases1 z ! ,aliz>9e ,blue1 ,aliz>9e ,yell[1 etc41 leads to a de/ructive effect1 &1 !re=e1 ! production ( weak %ades1 s t x is n possible always to use an oxidis+ mordant4 ,:5 t>t>1 argol1 oxalic acid1 lactic acids & o!r assi/ants ( an organic nature are us$1 !n a diff]5t effect is obta9$1 ! bi*romate is completely decompos$1 & a deposit ( *romium oxide =m$ on ! wool4 ,?is does n ex]t any action on ! col\r+ matt]1 & h5ce ?is mordant is kn[n z ! non-oxidis+ mordant4 ,x may be po9t$ out t :5 wool is mordant$ ) potassium or sodium bi*romate & sulphuric acid 7oxidis+ mordant7 x has a deep yell[ col\r1 :ile :5 mordant$ ) bi*romate or o!r *rome salt1 & ! organic assi/ants enum]at$ above 7non-oxidis+ mordant71 x has a gre5 col\r1 & "o sign ( a well-mordant$ wool is :5 x has a good bright tone free f yell[ness4 ,( ! organic assi/ants t>t> is und\bt$ly ! be/ 9 g5]al use1 &1 al?\gh sl[ 9 its action1 leaves a good deposit ( oxide ( *rome on ! wool 9 a suitable condition to develop ! be/ results on dye+4 ,argols are only an impure t>t>4 ,!y c only be us$ :5 d>k %ades are to be dy$4 ,oxalic acid does n "w z well z t>t>1 & !re is n s mu* *rome oxide deposit$ on ! wool1 :ile !re is a slight t5d5cy = a small proportion ( ?is to be 9 ! =m ( *romic acid4 ,( late ye>s lactic acid & 7p4 #aag7 lignoros9e h be5 add$ to ! li/ ( assi/ant mordants2 bo? ^! give excell5t results1 !y lead to a m complete & m uni=m decomposition ( ! bi*romate1 & !re=e ! mordant+ ba?s are m completely exhau/$1 s t r less bi*romate is requir$2 ! %ades :i* are obta9$ are 9 g5]al full] & bright]4 ,examples ( ! use ( ^! assi/ants w be f\nd among ! recipes giv5 bel[4 ,) fluoride ( *rome ei!r oxalic acid or t>t> is us$1 & a deposit ( *romium oxide is =m$ on ! wool1 ! g5]al effect be+ ! same z :5 bi*romate ( pota% is us$ ) oxalic acid or t>t>4 ,alum9a is appli$ ei!r 9 ! =m ( alum or ( sulphate ( alum9a1 argol or t>t> be+ us$ z ! assi/ant1 oxide ( alum9a be+ deposit$ on ! fibre4 ,:5 f]r\s sulphate 7copp]as7 is us$ !n t>t> is almo/ inv>iably us$ z ! assi/ant mordant1 oxalic acid only r>ely4 ,! dye+ ) mordant dyes mu/ be done 9 a special way & ) great c>e1 if uni=m1 level %ades & fa/ col\rs are to be obta9$4 ,! dye-ba? mu/ be />t$ cold1 & ! wool be ent]$ & work$ = tw5ty to ?irty m9utes1 ! object be+ to cause ! dye-/uffs to p5etrate well into ! sub/ance ( ! fibre1 !n ! temp]ature is sl[ly rais$ to ! boil1 n less ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r be+ tak5 9 do+ s2 ! temp]ature is ma9ta9$ at ! boil = fully "o & a half h\rs long]4 ,dur+ ! boil+ op]ation ! mordant & dye-/uff comb9e toge!r1 & =m ! *>act]i/ic col\r lake1 & ! boil+ fixes ?is firmly on to ! wool4 ,! wat] us$ plays a v important "p4 ,if too h>d 9 "*1 ! lime x conta9s %[s a t5d5cy to comb9e ) ! 7p4 #aah7 dye-/uff & =m a col\r lake1 :i* is deposit$ 9 a loose =m on ! wool or 9 ! ba?1 t5d+ to make ! %ades dull & loose to rubb+4 ,?is defect c be rem$i$ by add+ a little acetic acid to ! dye-ba?1 say ab\t #clb4 to #ajj gallons ( ! wat]4 ,x comb9es ) & neutralises ! influ5ce ( ! lime1 9 s f> z ! =mation ( a loose col\r lake is conc]n$2 /ill ! lime does unite ) ! dye-/uff1 b ! comb9ation is =m$ m sl[ly1 & 9 or on ! wool fibre s t x is fa/4 ,by work+ 9 ! mann] laid d[n above v fa/ %ades c be dy$ on wool ) mordant dyes1 & ! foll[+ recipes w give ! o!r details z to t9ts1 %ades1 quantities1 etc41 n not$ above4 ,cl>et4--,mordant1 #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #hlb4 ,aliz>9e ,cl>et,r4 ,fawn4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #clb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,n4 ,m>oon4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #aelb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,n4 ,deep ,crimson4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #hlb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s4 ,lilac ,rose4--,mordant1 #a-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s4 ,cru%$ ,/rawb]ry ,t9t4--,mordant1 #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #clb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#b,w,s4 ,deep ,cl>et4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #elb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s4 ,bright ,fawn ,r$4--,mordant1 #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#e,w,s4 ,sc>let4--,mordant1 #ajlb4 alum & #flb4 t>t>2 dye1 #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#e,w,s4 ,rose4--,mordant1 #flb4 alum & #dlb4 t>t>2 dye1 #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s4 ,deep ,sc>let4--,mordant1 #ajlb4 alum & #flb4 t>t>2 dye1 7p4 #aai7 #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s4 ,deep ,m>oon4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 sulphuric acid2 dye1 #elb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#c,w,s4 ,bright ,m>oon4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #elb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$,s,w1 #ajlb4 ,mordant ,yell[4 ,deep ,fawn ,r$4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #ajlb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,w & #alb4 ,mordant ,yell[4 ,^! typical recipes are "h giv5 to %[ :at t9ts may be obta9$ f ! aliz>9e & ! quantity ( dye-/uffs requir$4 ,by us+ o!r proportions ( dye-/uffs ?an ^? giv5 a v>iety ( o!r t9ts may be dy$4 ,! me?od ( work+ describ$ above is applicable to o!r mordant dye+ col\rs besides ! aliz>9e r$s1 su* z ,aliz>9e ,orange1 ,aliz>9e ,blue1 ,an?rac5e ,br[n1 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e1 ,gall(lav9e1 ,gamb9e1 ,*rome ,violet1 etc4 ,x w !re=e n be requir$ to repeat ?is description ( ! process :5 ! use ( mordant col\rs = produc+ o!r col\rs1 su* z blues1 navies1 drabs1 br[ns1 etc41 is dealt )4 ,al?\gh ! %ades dy$ ) ! aliz>9es & alli$ col\r+ matt]s are lack+ 9 ! brilliance *>act]i/ic ( ! azo sc>lets1 yet !y h ! v great advantage ( be+ q fa/ to wa%+1 acids & light4 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( us+ ^? aliz>9e r$s t are sold 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 & :i* are di/+ui%$ by ! lett] ,s4 ,!y are ( "s value 9 dye+ heavy wooll5 clo?s1 & ! me?od is indicat$ 9 ! two recipes :i* foll[3-- ,brilliant ,sc>let4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s1 boil ! wool 9 ?is = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r2 !n lift1 add to ! same ba? #dlb4 7p4 #abj7 sulphuric acid1 aga9 "w at ! boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r2 !n lift1 add #ajlb4 alum1 re-ent] ! goods1 & "w ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r long]2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,cl>et4--,prep>e a ba? ) #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s1 boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r2 !n lift1 add #dlb4 sulphuric acid1 re-ent] ! wool1 boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r2 !n lift1 add #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 re-ent] ! wool1 & boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r long]2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,blui% ,r$4--,mordant1 #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 lactic acid2 dye1 #blb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$,s4 ,9 ?is recipe !re is us$ lactic acid z ! assi/ant1 & a v f9e %ade results4 ,r$4--,mordant1 #clb4 lignoros9e1 #blb4 bi*romate ( soda & #alb4 sulphuric acid2 dye ) #ablb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange#b;,g4 ,d>k ,bordeaux ,r$4--,mordant1 #clb4 lignoros9e1 #clb4 bi*romate ( soda & #a-a_/blb4 sulphuric acid2 dye1 #ablb4 ,aliz>9e,s,x4 ,d>k ,r$4--,mordant1 #clb4 lignoros9e1 #b-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( soda & #a-a_/dlb4 sulphuric acid2 dye1 #flb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange#b;,g & #dlb4 ,aliz>9e,s,x4 ,lignoros9e us$ z ! assi/ant mordant 9 ! above recipes works v well1 & gives bright %ades4 ,fa/ ,bordeaux4--,prep>e a ba? ) #dlb4 ,*romog5e,i1 #a-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s1 #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#e,w,s1 #a_/b lb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift2 add to ! same ba? #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,re-ent] ! goods & "w to %ade1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,t]ra ,cotta4--,make a dye-ba? ( #cjlb4 ,fu/ic1 #hlb4 ,turm]ic1 #cjlb4 ,s&]s & #ajlb4 ,sumac4 ,boil ! goods 9 ?is = "o 7p4 #aba7 h\r1 !n add #clb4 sulphate ( copp]1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 wat]1 boil = "o h\r2 cool1 sadd5 ) ,copp]as1 us+ ab\t #c-a_/blb4 or less if requir$2 !n r9se & dry4 ,ano!r me?od is to mordant ! goods at a boil = "o & a half h\rs 9 #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>4 ,dra9 & wa%4 ,dye 9 a fre% ba? ) #hlb4 s&]s & #ajlb4 fu/ic2 aft]w>ds sadd5 ) #a_/dlb4 copp]as2 all[ to /& "o h\r2 wa% & dry4 ,,orange ,,%ades ,,on ,,wool4 ,) ,direct ,dyes4 ,make a dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,titan ,orange1 #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #a_/blb4 acetic acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,bright ,orange4--,dye ) #a-a_/blb4 ,b5zo ,orange,r1 #ajlb4 salt1 & #alb4 acetic acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,orange4--,dye ) #blb4 ,*loram9e ,orange1 #bjlb4 salt1 & a little acetic acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,orange4--,dye ) #blb4 ,diam9e ,orange,g,c1 & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,pale ,orange4--,dye ) #clb4 ,diam9e ,gold1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 ammonium acetate4 ,r$di% ,orange4--,dye ) #clb4 ,diam9e ,orange,d,c & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,orange4--,dye ) #blb4 ,diam9e ,sc>let,b1 #alb4 ,?i(lav9e,s1 & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,orange4--,dye ) #alb4 ,diam9e ,r$#e;,b1 #alb4 ,?i(lav9e,s1 & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,) ,acid ,col\rs4 ,orange4--,dye ) #blb4 ,ponceau#c;,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,orange4--,dye ) #blb4 ,m&>9e,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,orange4--,dye ) #blb4 ,croce9e ,orange1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,orange4--,use #clb4 ,orange,g,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & 7p4 #abb7 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 boil+ = "o h\r4 ,orange4--,use #clb4 ,orange,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil4 ,orange ,extra w give a slightly less r$ tone ( orange1 ,croce9e orange gives a good bright %ade ( a yell[i% tone4 ,!re are sev]al br&s ( ,orange dyes :i* c be us$2 !y diff] b little 9 %ade f "o ano!r4 ,9 g5]al !y give fa/ col\rs4 ,! ,tropol9es also dye orange %ades1 b !y are n s fa/ z ! o!r dyes :i* h be5 nam$4 ,gold ,orange4--,make a dye-ba? ) #a_/blb4 ,diam9e sc>let,b1 #blb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #ejlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #elb4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,ent] ! wool1 "w = half an h\r1 !n add #clb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,boil aga9 = half an h\r1 !n lift4 ,add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 re-ent] ! wool1 boil aga9 = half an h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,?is gives a v fa/ orange4 ,) ,mordant ,dyes4 ,old ,gold4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 sulphuric acid2 dye ) #flb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[,r,w4 ,pale ,orange4--,mordant ) #flb4 alum & #dlb4 t>t>2 dye ) #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,g,g4 ,deep ,orange4--,mordant ) #ajlb4 alum & #flb4 t>t>2 dye ) #ajlb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,n4 ,?is la/ dye-/uff gives a slightly r$d] %ade ( ,orange ?an does ! ,aliz>9e ,orange,g4 ,deep ,orange4--,dye 9 a ba? ) #a-c_/dlb4 ,azo ,aliz>9e ,orange,r,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 & fix 9 ! same ba? ) #alb4 bi*romate ( pota%4 ,orange4--,dye 9 a ba? ) #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$#a,w,s1 #blb4 ,mordant ,yell[,o1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 !n fix ) #a-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota%4 ,orange4--,dye 9 a ba? ) #alb4 ,an?rac5e ,r$1 #blb4 7p4 #abc7 ,aliz>9e ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,aft] dye+ fix ) #blb4 fluoride ( *rome4 ,gold ,orange4 ,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 & #blb4 t>t>1 = "o & a half h\rs at ! boil2 r9se4 ,!n dye 9 a new ba? ) #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange1 #aglb4 ,fu/ic extract4 ,"w at #ajj;,f4 = half an h\r1 !n heat gradually to ! boil & dye = "o & a half h\rs at t temp]ature2 lift1 r9se & wa%4 ,olive ,yell[ on ,wor/$ ,y>n4--,mordant ! y>n by boil+ = "o h\r or "o & a half h\rs 9 a ba? ( #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%2 !n dye 9 a ba? ( #a-a_/blb4 ,gamb9e ,yell[ & #ajlb4 ( fu/ic *ips4 ,r$ & orange =m a k9d ( gr\p ( col\rs :i* %ade (f "o into ! o!r almo/ imp]ceptibly by us+ a range ( dyes su* z ,croce9e,a,z1 ,brilliant ,croce9e#i;,b1 ,brilliant ,croce9e#g;,b1 ,brilliant ,croce9e#e;,b1 ,brilliant ,croce9e#c;,b1 ,brilliant ,croce9e ,m,o,o1 ,cry/al ,sc>let #f,r1 ,brilliant ,co*9eal #d,r1 ,brilliant ,croce9e,b1 ,brilliant ,co*9eal #b,r1 ,orange ,e,n,z1 & ,croce9e ,orange ,e,n4 ,x is possible to dye %ades f a sc>let crimson to a bright orange4 ,,yell[ ,,%ades ,,on ,,wool4 ,! numb] ( yell[ dye-/uffs is v great1 & ! v>iety ( t9ts inf9ite4 ,yell[ may be dy$ ) bo? natural & artificial dye-/uffs1 & ! recipes giv5 w include examples %[+ ! use ( bo? k9ds4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 yell[ dye-/uffs include among/ !m "s ( ! fa/e/ col\rs kn[n1 & !re is a l>g] proportion ( fa/ yell[ col\r+ matt]s ?an ( any o!r class ( dye-/uffs4 ,) ,acid ,yell[s4 ,bright ,yell[4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,fa/ ,yell[ ,f,y1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,olive ,yell[4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,azo ,c>m9e1 7p4 #abd7 #a-a_/boz4 indigo c>m9e1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,maize ,yell[4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 #coz4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #a_/doz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f4 ,"w = tw5ty m9utes at ! boil1 !n add #clb4 bisulphate ( soda2 "w half an h\r long]1 & !n wa% & dry4 ,bright ,can>y4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #dlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 #a_/blb4 ,nitraz9e ,yell[4 ,heat ! ba? to ab\t #abj;,f41 ent] ! goods & heat up to ! boil1 & "w till ! ba? is exhau/$1 !n lift2 add to ! dye-ba? #clb4 alum1 #clb4 t9 spirits2 re-ent] ! goods1 & boil = tw5ty m9utes long]2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,bright ,/raw4--,dye ) #coz4 ,ph5(lav9e & #bjlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,/raw4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a-a_/doz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #a dr4 ,cyan9e,b1 #a dr4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #alb4 sulphuric acid4 ,gre5i% ,/raw4--,dye ) #a_/doz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #aoz4 ,victoria ,yell[1 #a_/doz4 ,*romotrop #b;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #alb4 sulphuric acid4 ,olive ,yell[4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 sulphuric acid2 dye ) #clb4 ,mill+ yell[,o & #alb4 acetic acid4 ,bright ,yell[4--,a good %ade is dy$ 9 a ba? ( #blb4 ,mill+ yell[,o1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil4 ,olive ,yell[4--,dye ) #a-a_/blb4 ,titan ,yell[,r1 #ajlb4 common salt1 & #alb4 acetic acid2 aft] ! col\r has fully gone on to ! wool1 add to ! ba? #a-a_/blb4 fluoride ( *rome & ma9ta9 at ! boil = half an h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,deep ,yell[4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #a-a_/blb4 ,titan 7p4 #abe7 ,yell[,r1 #ajlb4 common salt1 & #alb4 acetic acid1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,yell[4--,a good %ade is dy$ ) #a-a_/blb4 ,titan ,yell[,y1 #ajlb4 common salt1 & #a_/blb4 acetic acid1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,gold5 ,yell[4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>2 dye ) #alb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c4 ,deep ,gold5 ,yell[4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 & #clb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w at ! boil = half an h\r1 !n lift2 add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 re-ent] ! wool & "w at ! boil = ano!r half-h\r1 !n wa% & dry4 ,deep ,olive ,yell[4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>2 dye ) #bjlb4 fu/ic extract4 ,?is gives a v deep %ade ( olive ,yell[4 ,bright ,lemon ,yell[4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #ajlb4 ,gamb9e ,yell[1 #glb4 alum1 & #blb4 oxalic acid4 ,ent] cold1 !n sl[ly heat to ! boil & "w to %ade2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,leaf ,yell[4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a_/blb4 sulphuric acid2 !n dye ) #blb4 ,gamb9e,y & #alb4 ,yell[,n4 ,deep ,leaf ,yell[4--,a some:at deep] %ade ?an ! la/ is dy$ by fir/ mordant+ ) #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a_/blb4 sulphuric acid1 !n dye+ ) #blb4 ,gamb9e,r & #alb4 ,yell[,n4 ,lemon ,yell[4--,prep>e a ba? ) #djlb4 fu/ic1 #flb4 alum1 #flb4 t>t>1 & #c_/dlb4 t9 cry/als2 ent] ! wool & "w at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,olive ,yell[4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #clb4 extract ( fu/ic4 ,deep ,lemon4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>2 dye1 #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ ,g,g,w4 ,gold5 ,yell[4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 7p4 #abf7 sulphuric acid2 dye1 #ajlb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ ,g,g,w4 ,light ,/raw4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #coz4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[ ,b,n1 #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 & #clb4 bisulphate ( soda2 "w at ! boil to %ade1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,old ,gold4--,a v f9e %ade ( old gold is obta9$ by dye+ 9 a ba? ( #clb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 & #clb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w at ! boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 !n lift2 add to ! dye-ba? #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 re-ent] ! wool1 & "w = "o & a half h\rs long] at ! boil2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,deep ,yell[4--,mordant1 #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/b lb4 t>t>2 dye1 #blb4 ,mordant ,yell[,d4 ,pale ,olive ,yell[4--,dye ) #clb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[ ,g,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 acetic acid2 aft] ! dye-ba? is exhau/$ ( col\r add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 & "w at ! boil half an h\r long]4 ,gold ,yell[4--,dye ) #clb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[ ,b,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 acetic acid2 aft] half an h\r's boil1 add #a-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 "w = half an h\r long]4 ,gold ,yell[4--,dye ) #blb4 ,indian ,yell[,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,,gre5 ,,%ades ,,on ,,wool4 ,( gre5 %ades !re is an inf9ite v>iety1 & ^! c be dy$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,ei!r a simple gre5 dye-/uff may be us$ or mixtures ( blue & yell[ dye-/uffs may be employ$1 ?is latt] me?od be+ extremely common4 ,x is some:at int]e/+ to notice t1 not)/&+ ! great preval5ce ( gre5 9 ,nature1 ! dy] has at 8 comm& no natural gre5 dye-/uff1 b mu/1 if he pref]s to adopt natural dye-/uffs1 use a mixture ( blue & yell[ dye-/uffs to produce gre5 %ades4 ,!re are b few gre5 col\r+ 7p4 #abg7 matt]s d]iv$ f coal t>3 ,gamb9e1 ,d9itroso-resorc9e1 ,aliz>9e ,gre51 ,brilliant ,gre51 ,mala*ite ,gre51 ,azo ,gre51 ,fa/ ,gre51 ,naph?ol ,gre51 ,acid ,gre51 ,diam9e ,gre51 ,b5zo ,gre5 almo/ exhau/ ! li/4 ,comp>$ ) ! num]\s r$ & blue dyes :i* are obta9$ f coal-t> products1 gre5 dyes are conspicu\s by _! fewness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! dy] has 9 ! blue & yell[ dyes f coal t> a means ( produc+ any t9t or %ade ( gre5 he may require4 ,memb]s ( all ! classes ( basic1 direct1 acid1 azo & mordant dyes1 c be f\nd among ! dye-/uffs :i* c be us$ 9 dye+ gre51 & ! me?ods & pr9ciples ( _! application h be5 fully describ$ 9 previ\s pages4 ,! foll[+ recipes conta9 all ! practical in=mation t is ne$$3-- ,) ,direct ,dyes4 ,d>k ,gre54--,! dye-ba? is made ) #alb4 ,titan ,blue #c;,b1 #alb4 ,titan ,yell[,y1 #blb4 salt1 & #a_/blb4 acetic acid4 ,bright ,gre54--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,titan ,yell[,g1 #alb4 ,titan ,blue #c;,b1 #bjlb4 salt1 & #a_/blb4 acetic acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,gre54--,make a dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,acid ,blue #d,s1 #blb4 ,titan ,yell[,y1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,blue ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #flb4 ,acid ,blue #d,s1 #b-a_/blb4 ,titan ,yell[,y1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,bottle ,gre54--,! dye-ba? is made ) #elb4 ,acid ,blue #d,s1 #b-a_/blb4 ,titan ,yell[ ,y1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,! gre5s %[n 9 ! la/ ?ree recipes are ( a v satisfactory "*1 & %[ h[1 by ! use ( acetate ( ammonia 9 ! dye-ba?1 ! direct dye+ ,titan col\rs c be comb9$ ) acid col\rs4 ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #elb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #elb4 7p4 #abh7 acetate ( ammonia1 #blb4 ,sulphon ,cyan9e1 & #a-a_/blb4 ,*rysoph59e4 ,d>k ,gre54--,! dye-ba? is made ) #blb4 ,sulphon ,cyan9e1 #c_/dlb4 ,*rysoph59e1 #elb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,pale ,russian ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a_/blb4 ,sulphon ,cyan9e1 #b-a_/boz4 ,*rysoph59e1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,! la/ ?ree %ades h ! m]it ( be+ fa/ to mill+1 & fairly s to light4 ,olive4--,make a dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,nyanza ,black,b1 #alb4 ,*rysam9e1 & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade1 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,) ,acid ,dyes4 ,blue ,gre54--,make a dye-ba? ) #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 #blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,n1 & #alb4 ,azo ,yell[1 work+ at ! boil4 ,sage ,gre54--,! dye-ba? is made ) #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 #blb4 ,azo ,yell[1 & #alb4 ,pat5t ,blue,n1 work+ at ! boil4 ,olive ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,naph?ol ,gre5,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #aelb4 bisulphate ( soda1 & #alb4 copp]as1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,bright ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #elb4 bisulphate ( soda1 & #a-a_/blb4 ,acid ,gre5,b1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,em]ald ,gre54--,! dye-ba? is made ) #a_/blb4 ,acid ,gre5,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! wool might also be previ\sly mordant$ ) #aelb4 hyposulphite ( soda1 & #elb4 sulphuric acid at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs1 :5 x w give a bright %ade ( em]ald gre54 ,grass ,gre54--,dye a m$ium indigo bottom on ! wool f ! vat1 !n dye 9 a ba? ) #alb4 ,mill+ ,yell[,o1 #elb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 bisulphate ( soda2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,! la/ recipe %[s ! use ( ! indigo vat 9 giv+ ! blue 7p4 #abi7 con/itu5t 9 dye+ gre5s & o!r comp\nd col\rs on wool4 ,?is1 :ile be+ a v effective me?od ( dye+1 yet necessitates two op]ations :i* add v mat]ially to ! co/ ( dye+ su* %ades1 h5ce x is n us$ = dye+ l[ class wooll5 fabrics1 b = bett] class goods x is frequ5tly adopt$1 fa/ col\rs be+ ?us obta9$4 ,9 ?us us+ ! indigo vat z a bottom dye reg>d to ! prop]ties ( indigo mu/ be paid 9 c>ry+ out any subsequ5t dye+ op]ation1 s t ! indigo on ! fibre be n de/roy$4 ,z a rule1 ! indigo w resi/ any ord9>y ba?s made ) ,glaub]'s salt1 acetate ( ammonia1 sulphuric or acetic acids1 b x w n resi/ mordant+ op]ations ) bi*romate ( pota%1 = ! latt] salt de/roys ! indigo4 ,fluoride ( *rome1 *rome acetate1 or alum1 may be us$ z mordants if necess>y4 ,pale ,sea ,gre54--,! dye-ba? conta9s #aoz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #aoz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #elb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #alb4 sulphuric acid4 ,moss ,gre54--,! dye-ba? is made ) #a_/boz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #doz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #c-a_/doz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #elb4 acetic acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,deep ,moss ,gre54--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #d-a_/boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #ioz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #d-a_/boz4 ,azo yell[1 #a_/boz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #elb4 acetic acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,blue ,gre54--,a v f9e %ade ( blue gre5 is dy$ ) #i-a_/boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #doz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #elb4 acetic acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,em]ald ,gre54--,a pale1 b brilliant %ade ( gre5 is dy$ ) #a-a_/doz4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #d-a_/doz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,leaf ,gre54--,dye 9 a ba? ) #acoz4 ,victoria ,yell[1 7p4 #acj7 #a_/blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #a_/boz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,leaf ,gre54--,! dye-ba? is made ) #bboz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #alb4 ,azo ,yell[1 #b-a_/boz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,peacock ,gre54--,! dye-ba? is made ) #eoz4 ,*romotrop #f;,b1 #doz4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #goz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,d>k ,beige ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,gre5 ,blui%1 #foz4 ,fa/ ,yell[ ,f,y1 #d-a_/boz4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,invisible ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,gre5 ,blui%1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,fa/ ,yell[ ,f,y1 #alb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,pale ,sage ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,azo ,acid ,br[n1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet #aj;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,grass ,gre54--,make a dye-ba? ) #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 #c_/dlb4 ,ph5(lav9e1 #c_/dlb4 ,azo ,c>m9e,b1 & #e-c_/dlb4 extract ( indigo4 ,moss ,gre54--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,azo ,acid ,br[n1 #a_/dlb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet #aj;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,d>k ,sage ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,azo ,acid ,br[n1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet #aj;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,em]ald ,gre54--,a f9e %ade ( em]ald gre5 c be dy$ 9 a ba? :i* is made f #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,gre5 ,blui%1 #alb4 ,fa/ ,yell[ ,f,y1 #alb4 ,acid ,violet #f;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bottle ,gre54--,make a dye-ba? ) #a-a_/blb4 ,victoria ,violet #h;,b,s1 #c_/dlb4 ,victoria ,yell[1 #boz4 ,naph?ol ,yell[,s1 #aoz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r1 #a_/boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w = "o h\r at ! boil1 !n lift2 add #clb4 fluoride 7p4 #aca7 ( *rome1 re-ent] ! wool1 & "w = half an h\r at ! boil4 ,pale ,pea ,gre54--,a f9e bright %ade is dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #a-a_/boz4 ,cyanole1 #c_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,yell[ & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,by increas+ ! quantity ( dye-/uff 9 proportion to ! mat]ial1 f9e deep %ades ( gre5 c be dy$4 ,deep ,electric ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,cyanole1 #alb4 ,indian ,yell[,g & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,) ,mordant ,dyes4 ,gre54--,mordant ) #ajlb4 alum1 #alb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #aflb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #aj lb4 indigo extract1 #blb4 fu/ic extract & #clb4 alum1 work+ at ! boil2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #hlb4 alum & #clb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #ajlb4 extract ( indigo1 #blb4 extract ( fu/ic & #clb4 alum1 work+ at ! boil4 ,sea ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t> at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs4 ,dye ) #a-a_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 #c-c_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ & #eoz4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n1 at ! boil = two h\rs4 ,bronze ,gre54--,make a dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,cyanole extra1 #blb4 ,tropeol9e,o1 #alb4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,gre54--,a v f9e %ade ( gre5 is dy$ z foll[s3 ,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 #a-a_/blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,a & #b-c_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[4 ,blue ,gre54--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,dye ) #flb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 #a-a_/blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,a1 & #a-a_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ ,g,g,w4 ,bright ,pale ,sage ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,dye ) #elb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ ,g,g,w1 7p4 #acb7 #c_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n & #a-a_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w4 ,deep ,sage ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ ,g,g,w1 #c-a_/dlb4 ,an?rac5e ,br[n & #b-a_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w4 ,pale ,sea ,gre54--,mordant ) #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #alb4 ,co]ule9e,b4 ,bottle ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #bjlb4 ,co]ule9e ,s,w4 ,slate ,gre54--,mordant ) #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #clb4 ,aliz>9e ,gre5,s4 ,invisible ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #ag-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,gre5,s4 ,peacock ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #hlb4 ,aliz>9e ,gre5,s4 ,d>k ,bottle ,gre54--,mordant ) #dlb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #clb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #aelb4 ,an?rac5e ,blue ,w,g1 & #a-a_/blb4 ,mordant ,yell[4 ,invisible ,gre54--,mordant ) #c-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>1 work+ at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs4 ,dye ) #bjlb4 ,aliz>9e ,gre5 ,s,w1 & #alb4 acetic acid4 ,sage ,gre54--,give a m$ium indigo gr\nd to ! wool 9 a vat1 !n dye = "o h\r at ! boil 9 a vat conta9+ #a_/blb4 ,an?racite ,black,b1 #blb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #boz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia2 !n lift1 add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 re-ent] into ! dye-ba? & "w half an h\r long] at ! boil2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,peacock ,gre54--,give a m$ium indigo bottom on ! vat1 !n dye = "o h\r at ! boil 9 a dye-ba? made ) #a_/blb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #boz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 & #elb4 acetic acid2 !n lift1 add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 "w = half an h\r long] at ! boil1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,bottle ,gre54--,mordant by boil+ 9 a ba? ( #clb4 copp]as 7p4 #acc7 & #alb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye 9 a ba? ) #aelb4 ,gamb9e,r4 ,light ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 copp]as & #alb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye ) #b-a_/blb4 ,gamb9e,y4 ,m$ium ,gre54--,mordant z 9 ! la/ dye ) #ajlb4 ,gamb9e,y4 ,deep ,grass ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #ilb4 ,co]ule9 & #a-c_/dlb4 ,gall(lav9e4 ,bright ,grass ,gre54--,mordant ) #dlb4 copp]as & #alb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye ) #elb4 ,gamb9e,y1 #a_/blb4 ,yell[,n1 & #blb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,%ades dy$ ) ,gamb9e are v fa/ to mill+ & light4 ,pale ,sage ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #a_/blb4 ,mill+ ,yell[,o1 #blb4 ,aliz>9e ,black ,s,w1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,m$ium ,gre54--,mordant ) #b-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye ) #a-a_/blb4 ,diamond ,yell[,b1 #c-a_/blb4 ,brilliant ,aliz>9e ,blue,g1 & #alb4 acetic acid4 ,invisible ,bronze ,gre54--,give a m$ium bottom on ! indigo vat & !n mordant ) #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & #blb4 t>t>4 ,f9ally dye ) #clb4 ,aliz>9e ,bordeaux ,s1 & #dlb4 ,diamond ,flav9e1 work+ at ! boil = two h\rs4 ,pale ,slate ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>1 & !n dye ) #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ & #eoz4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n4 ,light ,gre54--,mordant 9 ! usual way ) #b-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #alb4 ,me?yl5e ,blue & #alb4 fu/ic extract1 work+ at ! boil4 ,fa/ ,gre54--,mordant ) #hlb4 alum1 #blb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #blb4 sulphuric acid & #c_/dlb4 t9 salt4 ,dye ) #bjlb4 indigo 7p4 #acd7 extract & #ajoz4 fu/ic extract1 work+ at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs4 ,bottle ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #dlb4 extract ( fu/ic1 #alb4 extract ( logwood1 & #boz4 ,an?rac5e ,r$4 ,"w = "o & a half h\rs1 !n add #c_/dlb4 copp]as1 & "w = half an h\r long]4 ,d>k ,gre54--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #a-a_/blb4 ,me?yl5e ,blue1 #a-a_/blb4 extract ( logwood1 & #dlb4 extract ( fu/ic1 work+ at ! boil = two h\rs4 ,olive4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a-a_/blb4 ,yell[,n1 #a_/dlb4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute1 #dlb4 extract ( indigo1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 & #blb4 alum1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,bright ,gre54--,prep>e a dye-ba? conta9+ #hoz4 ,acid ,gre5 ,extra & #aj p] c5t4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,ent] at #acj;,f41 raise to ! boil1 boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & r9se4 ,blui% ,gre54--,prep>e a dye-ba? conta9+ #hoz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,gre5 ,b,n & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,ent] at #acj;,f41 raise to ! boil1 boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & r9se4 ,blui% ,gre54--,prep>e a dye-ba? conta9+ #hoz4 ,cyanole ,gre5 #f;,g & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,ent] at #acj;,f41 raise to ! boil1 boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & r9se4 ,turquoise ,gre54--,prep>e a dye-ba? conta9+ #hoz4 ,cyanole ,gre5,b & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,ent] at #acj;,f41 raise to ! boil1 boil = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & r9se4 ,slate ,gre54--,mordant ! wool by boil+ = "o & a half 7p4 #ace7 h\rs 9 a ba? conta9+ #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,copp] sulphate & #b-a_/dlb4 t>t>2 !n r9se well1 & dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #b-a_/blb4 ,logwood ,extract 7dry71 #a-a_/d lb4 ,fu/ic ,extract 7dry71 & #clb4 ,sumac4 ,ent] ! goods 9 a w>m ba?1 "w = half an h\r1 !n raise to ! boil & "w = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r2 lift1 & sadd5 by add+ #foz4 ,copp]as4 ,aft] re-ent]+ ! goods1 "w to %ade4 ,olive4--,boil two h\rs 9 a ba? consi/+ ( #a-a_/blb4 t9 salt1 #b-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #ajlb4 alum & #b-a_/blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,!n ent] 9 a boil+ dye-ba? conta9+ #a-a_/blb4 alum1 #dlb4 fu/ic extract & #c-a_/blb4 indigo extract4 ,full+ ,fa/ ,olive4--,= "o h\r ^u a ba? conta9+ #ejlb4 ,fu/ic1 #elb4 ,blue/one1 #blb4 ,t>t>1 #dlb4 ,sumac1 #alb4 ,copp]as2 lift & wa%4 ,fa/ ,bright ,olive4--,boil = "o h\r ^u a ba? ( #ej lb4 ,fu/ic1 #clb4 ,blue/one1 #blb4 t>t>1 #alb4 copp]as1 #boz4 indigo extract4 ,yell[ ,olive4--,prep>e a ba? conta9+ #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #a-a_/blb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[ ,b,n1 #blb4 extract ( indigo1 #coz4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 #dlb4 sulphuric acid4 ,ent] y>n at #afj;,f41 give ?ree turns1 raise ! temp]ature sl[ly to ! boil1 turn to %ade2 lift1 & wa%4 ,olive ,gre54--,mordant ) #blb4 pota% bi*romate1 #a-a_/b lb4 sulphate ( copp]1 #a_/blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,boil = an h\r & a half4 ,dye 9 a ba? ) #hlb4 ,fu/ic extract1 #elb4 ,sumac1 #elb4 ,logwood1 at ! boil = an h\r & a half4 ,olive ,bronze4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #ajoz4 ,fa/ ,yell[,s1 #elb4 ,indigo extract1 #eoz4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 #dlb4 sulphuric acid1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] y>n at #adj;,f41 "w = a few m9utes1 !n br+ sl[ly to ! boil & "w to %ade4 ,em]ald ,gre54--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,acid ,gre5 ,b,n1 7p4 #acf7 #boz4 ,naph?ol ,yell[,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,ent] cold1 !n raise to ! boil & "w = a qu>t] ( an h\r2 wa% & dry4 ,invisible ,gre54--,fir/ mordant ! wool 9 a ba? conta9+ #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #a-a_/blb4 copp] sulphate1 #alb4 sulphuric acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs1 !n dye 9 a fre% ba? conta9+ #blb4 ,mill+ ,yell[,o1 #blb4 ,logwood extract1 #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ! boil = "o & a half h\rs1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,sea ,gre54--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #elb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 #blb4 indigo extract1 #a_/b p] c5t4 ,acid ,gre5 blue %ade4 ,dye z usual4 ,cyprus ,gre5,b1 & ,cyprus ,blue,b1 belong to a new gr\p ( dyes t owe _! value 9 wool dye+ to ! fact t ! dye+s aft] be+ treat$ ) copp] sulphate become v fa/ to light & wa%+4 ,?ree p] c5t4 ( ea* gives v full %ades ( blui% gre5 or d>k blue4 ,! dye+ is done ) ,glaub]'s salt & acetic acid :5 r$di% %ades are got2 ^! 9 a ba? ( copp] sulphate turn gre5 or blue4 ,,blue ,,%ades ,,on ,,wool4 ,!re are a v l>ge numb] ( blue artificial dyes ( e class1 b only a few natural ones1 indigo & logwood1 & ) ^! e imag9able t9t & %ade ( blue f ! pale/ sky t9ts to ! d>ke/ navy blue or blue black c be produc$4 ,:ile "s ( ! blue col\r+ matt]s possess no great p[]s ( resi/ance to light1 air1 wa%+1 etc41 ! great majority are rem>kable = _! fa/ness to ^? de/ructive ag5cies4 ,!re are b two natural dye-/uffs1 indigo & logwood1 f :i* blue t9ts c be dy$4 ,) ! =m]1 a great v>iety ( %ades c be dy$ ( a satisfactory "* z reg>ds fa/ness2 ) ! 7p4 #acg7 latt]1 only d>k blues c be dy$1 ^! are fairly fa/ to mill+1 b only mod]ately s to light4 ,! artificial blues d]iv$ f coal t> are v num]\s1 & repres5tatives ( all classes1 direct1 basic1 acid & mordant ( dye-/uffs may be f\nd among !m4 ,! direct blue dyes d n "w v well on wool4 ,!y are apt to dye v r$1 & some:at dull %ades1 :i* are1 h[ev]1 fairly fa/ to wa%+ & light4 ,! basic blue dyes are fairly num]\s1 & may be us$ to dye f pale sky to deep navy t9ts4 ,!y are apt to "w some:at unev5ly on to wool1 ow+ to _! great aff9ity = ! fibre4 ,!y give %ades possess+ "s degree ( resi/ance to light1 b :i* are n v fa/ to wa%+ & mill+1 al?\gh1 9 ?is respect1 !re are v great diff]5ces among !m4 ,! acid dye+ blues are fairly num]\s1 b !y dye a great v>iety ( t9ts1 usually fairly fa/ to wa%+1 mill+ & light4 ,! mordant blues are pretty num]\s & ( great value = dye+ wool1 z !y give %ades :i* are rem>kable = _! fa/ness to light1 acids & mill+1 h5ce !y are mo/ ext5sively us$1 especially = dye+ fabrics t are subject to v h>d we>4 ,indigo ,dye+4--,x w be mo/ conv5i5t to beg9 ! description ( ! me?ods ( dye+ blues by %[+ h[1 & 9 :at mann]1 indigo is appli$ 9 wool dye+4 ,! dye+ ( indigo on wool is effect$ 9 two ways1 ei!r 9 ! usual way ) acid ba?s1 z ) acid sc>lets1 :5 ! s-call$ indigo extract is us$1 or 9 vats1 :5 indigo itself =ms ! dye-/uff4 ,indigo is1 z all dy]s "k1 or %\ld "k1 a natural dye-/uff1 prep>$ f ! leaves & twigs ( ! indigo plant by a species ( f]m5tation :i* produces ! indigo 9 a soluble =m f ! indigo sub/ance 9 ! plant1 foll[$ by oxidation :i* results 9 ! sep>ation ( ! indigo f ?is solution4 ,x comes into ?is c\ntry 9 ! =m ( lumps1 :i* h a d>k 7p4 #ach7 blue to bronze blue col\r4 ,! dye-/uff is insoluble 9 wat]1 cold alcohol1 alkalies or weak acids4 ,:5 heat$ ) /rong & fum+ sulphuric acid x dissolves1 =m+ a blue liquor f :i* ! col\r+ matt] may be obta9$ on addition ( soda 9 ! =m ( a pa/e1 :i* is us$ 9 wool & silk dye+ "u ! "n ( indigo extract4 ,b dissolv+ 9 sulphuric acid mat]ially affects ! prop]ties ( indigo z a dye-/uff1 z w be se5 lat] on4 ,by ! action ( r$uc+ ag5ts ! insoluble blue indigo is conv]t$ into a soluble :ite indigo4 ,?is body is r un/able1 & on exposure to ! air x rapidly becomes oxidis$ & conv]t$ back aga9 into ! blue indigo4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple is bas$ ! application ( indigo 9 dye+ by means ( ! vat4 ,v>i\s me?ods may be adopt$ to cause ! indigo to become dissolv$4 ,^! may be divid$ into two gr\ps3 7#a7 ,f]m5tation vats1 9 :i* ! action ( r$uc+ ag5ts is br\ght ab\t ?r\gh ! influ5ces ( ! f]m5tation ( organic bodies1 su* z woad1 bran1 treacle1 etc2 7#b7 ,*emical vats 9 :i* ! r$uc+ effect is br\ght ab\t by ! reaction ( v>i\s ag5ts on "o ano!r4 ,( su* vats ! copp]as & lime & ! hydrosulphite vats are examples4 ,! f]m5tation vats1 :5 9 good ord]1 "w well & give good results1 b !y are mo/ difficult to prep>e or set4 ,! *emical vats are ! easie/ to "w1 & 7especially ! hydrosulphite vats7 are com+ to ! =e1 & are gradually driv+ out ! f]m5tation vats4 ,! actual me?od ( dye+ ) ! indigo vat is ! same ) all me?ods ( prep>ation4 ,! mat]ial to be dy$ is well wett$ or wrung out 9 wat]4 ,x is !n dipp$ into ! vat1 h&l$ a few m9utes to ensure its ?or\gh impregnation1 !n lift$ out1 ! surplus liquor wrung out1 & ! mat]ial expos$ to ! air1 7p4 #aci7 :5 ! indigo :ite on x soon absorbs oxyg5 & turns into blue indigo4 ,) ^! few prelim9>y rem>ks ! me?ods ( sett+ ! v>i\s indigo vats w n[ be describ$ 9 detail4 ,woad ,indigo ,vats4--,?is is "o ( ! mo/ difficult ( ! v>i\s me?ods ( sett+ vats4 ,!re are s _m opportunities = x to g wrong1 & to be able to set a woad vat successfully w g f> to make a man a successful indigo dy]4 ,no two woad vat dy]s use exactly ! same recipe 9 sett+ a woad vat1 & ea* consid]s he has a secret art by means ( :i* he ensures ! successful work+ ( ?is vat1 & ?is he jeal\sly gu>ds4 ,all ^! diff]5ces 9 ! mann] ( sett+ ! vat are br\ght ab\t n by any radical diff]5ces 9 ! mat]ials us$1 b by "s unnotic$ diff]5ces 9 o!r surr\nd+s2 diff]5ces 9 ! mean temp]ature ( ! wat] us$1 9 ! g5]al conditions ( ! atmosph]e ( ! indigo %$ & 9 o!r simil> circum/ances1 all ( :i* h a mat]ial influ5ce on ! developm5t ( ! vat1 b :i* are1 9 ! majority ( cases1 ov]look$ by ! indigo dy]1 ! result be+ t a me?od ( work+ :i* is successful 9 "o place w\ld n be s 9 ano!r4 ,! f]m5tation processes dep5d ^u ! r$uc+ action br\ght ab\t by c]ta9 organisms ( ! nature ( ! yea/ plant :i* gr[ & develop 9 su* vats4 ,to ensure ! prop] gr[? & developm5t ( ^! organisms e condition mu/ be p]fect1 correct temp]ature1 prop] proportions ( food = !m to live on1 & a c]ta9 degree ( alkal9ity or acidity ( ! vat1 & ^! po9ts are mo/ difficult to regulate z !y w v>y v mu* f "t to "t4 ,a successful vat mak] is "o :o closely obs]ves 8 vats1 & ! way 9 :i* !y are work+1 & :o1 z ! result ( su* 7p4 #adj7 obs]vations1 is able to tell 9 :at way 8 vats are defici5t1 s t he may "k h[ to supply t defici5cy4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( sett+ a woad vat may be adopt$4 ,x is calculat$ = #ajj gallons ( liquor4 ,! vat is fill$ ) hot wat]1 & #hjlb4 ( woad are all[$ to /eep ov]night 9 x1 hav+ fir/ be5 well /irr$ into ! wat]1 s z to ensure t e "p is wett$ out4 ,! next morn+ !re is add$ #hlb4 madd]1 #ablb4 bran1 #elb4 quick-lime 7previ\sly slak$ ) wat]71 & #b-a_/blb4 soda4 ,^! are ?or\ghly /irr$ toge!r1 !n f #e to #g-a_/blb4 indigo is /irr$ 94 ,! indigo %\ld h be5 previ\sly gr\nd into a f9e pa/e ) wat]4 ,! temp]ature ( ! vat %\ld n[ be ma9ta9$ at f #aae to #abe;,f4 = two to ?ree days1 at ! end ( :i* "t x ought to be 9 a /ate ( quiet work+4 ,%\ld x be f\nd t ! f]m5tation is go+ on too rapidly1 a little lime may be ?r[n 91 :i* w ret>d x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x %\ld n be go+ on ) suffici5t en]gy1 ?is may be rem$i$ by add+ a little bran1 or bett]1 a little treacle4 ,:5 9 p]fect condition ! vat %\ld h a slight smell ( ammonia4 ,if ?is is n notic$ x indicates t ! vat is defici5t 9 alkal9ity1 & a little m lime %\ld be add$4 ,soda may be us$ 9 ! place ( lime1 b x is s mu* m en]getic 9 "* t any additions ( x h to be made ) great c>e1 or ! vat w become too alkal9e 9 "*1 & ! f]m5tation w g on too rapidly1 ! ammoniacal od\r is lo/1 & a peculi> putrid smell takes its place4 ,z soon z ?is is notic$1 lime ought to be add$ to ret>d ! f]m5tation & to develop ! ammoniacal smell4 ,! col\r ( a good well-set vat is olive br[n4 ,:5 all ! indigo is dissolv$ & ! col\r ( ! vat is a 7p4 #ada7 cle> olive yell[ to br[n ! vat is !n ready = dye+1 & may be us$ = a long "t1 until1 9 fact1 ! deposit gets too l>ge & ! wool becomes dirti$4 ,b x mu/ n be cont9ually work$1 or x w give bad %ades & loose col\rs4 ,:5 9 a bad condition x w usually turn ( a d>k br[n col\r1 & give dull gre5i% %ades4 ,to rem$y ?is !re %\ld be add$ "s bran1 treacle1 & a little madd]1 z well z indigo1 & ! vat %\ld be left = a day1 at a temp]ature ( #acj;,f41 to get up to full /r5g? aga94 ,e night :5 9 "w indigo ought to be add$ to ! vat 9 proportion to t consum$ dur+ ! day1 ) bran & lime1 ! latt] 9 n too great am\nt1 j suffici5t to keep x ( ! necess>y alkal9ity4 ,hydrosulphite ,vat4--,?is is "o ( ! be/ vats to use 9 dye+ ) indigo on wool1 or1 inde$1 on any textile fabric4 ,x is easy to prep>e & cleanly to "w4 ,:ile dep5d+ solely on *emical action = its prep>ation & use1 x is fre] f ^? peculi> defects to :i* organic vats1 l ! woad vats1 are liable4 ,!re is a fur!r advantage ab\t ?is vat1 x is n necess>y to prep>e ea* individual vat sep>ately1 b a /rong "m liquor or conc5trat$ indigo solution may be prep>$1 & ?is only requires lett+ d[n ) wat] to produce a vat ( any requir$ /r5g?4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is vat1 :i* 0 devis$ by ,s*utz5b]g] & ,lal&e1 bisulphite ( soda & z9c du/ are us$ ) ei!r quick-lime or cau/ic soda4 ,! bisulphite ( soda is all[$ to act on ! z9c z w be detail$ :5 an acid solution ( sodium hydrosulphite ,na,h,s,o#b1 m /rictly hydrog5 sodium hydrosulphite1 is obta9$4 ,! acid solution ( hydrosulphite has ! prop]ty ( rapidly r$uc+ & dissolv+ indigo1 & ?is solution may be us$ 9 dye+4 ,to prep>e ! hydrosulphite a vessel :i* is fitt$ 7p4 #adb7 ) an agitator & c be clos$ is fill$ ) z9c1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( du/1 foils1 or granules4 ,!n bisulphite ( soda ( #ej to #fj,tw4 /r5g? is p\r$ ov] ! z9c 9 suffici5t quantity to cov] x4 ,all access ( air %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible1 z x leads to oxidation4 ,9 ! case ( us+ z9c p[d] ! action is (t5 s rapid z to lead to heat+1 :i* also %\ld be avoid$4 ,! op]ation takes f an h\r to two h\rs1 :5 ! liquor may be drawn (f4 ,x mu/ be us$ imm$iately to dissolve ! indigo2 or o!rwise1 z x is a v un/able body1 x is liable to decompose & become oxidis$1 :5 x loses its solv5t prop]ties4 ,if m hydrosulphite is requir$1 fre% bisulphite may be p\r$ ov] ! z9c :i* is left unus$ 9 ! vessel2 if no m is want$ ! z9c :i* is left %\ld be well r9s$ 9 wat] & ! vessel fill$ ) wat]1 s z to prev5t any oxidation ( ! z9c1 & s keep x ready = use :5 requir$4 ,! liquor ?us made w usually h a specific gravity ( #fb,tw4 ,! z9c :i* is us$ up 9 ! prep>ation ( ! liquor is replac$ by fre% z9c f "t to "t4 ,! liquor s obta9$ is1 z /at$ above1 r un/able1 & conta9s acid sodium hydrosulphite4 ,by mix+ ) milk ( lime1 ! acidity is neutralis$1 z9c oxide & calcium sulphite are ?r[n d[n1 & a solution ( neutral sodium hydrosulphite is obta9$ :i* is m /able & c be kept long] )\t decomposition4 ,to prep>e ?is1 take #aj gallons ( ! acid liquor1 z prep>$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 & mix x ) #dhlb4 ( milk ( lime1 :i* is made f #blb4 good quick-lime4 ,/ir well toge!r1 all[ all s$im5t to settle1 or bett]1 filt]-press ! mass4 ,a liquor ( #cf,tw4 /r5g? w usually be obta9$4 ,d n let x /& too long be=e use1 make x alkal9e by add+ a little lime4 ,to make ! "m or /ock indigo1 ! foll[+ me?od ( 7p4 #adc7 proc$ure may be adopt$4 ,indigo1 say #ajlb41 is gr\nd into z f9e a pa/e z possible ) #aclb4 milk ( lime1 ( su* a /r5g? t #a gallon %all conta9 #cjoz4 quick-lime4 ,to ?is is !n add$ s mu* ( ei!r ! acid or ! neutral sodium hydrosulphite z c be made f #ijlb4 ( bisulphite ( soda1 ! mixture be+ kept at #aej;,f41 until a comp>atively cle>1 gre5i% yell[ solution is obta9$1 ?is w conta9 ab\t #alb4 ( indigo p] gallon4 ,?is "m liquor may be us$ 9 sett+ ! vat z foll[s4 ,! vat is fill$ ) wat] :i* is heat$ to #abj;,f41 ab\t #bjj gallons be+ us$4 ,to ?is is !n add$ #a gallon ( ei!r hydrosulphite or bisulphite ( soda to de/roy ! free oxyg5 x conta9s1 & prev5t x f oxidis+ ! indigo solution1 :i* is next add$4 ,! quantity ( ! latt] is solely regulat$ by ! dep? ( %ade x is desir$ to dye1 & z soon z ! requisite quantity has be5 add$ ! dye+ may be proce$$ ) at once1 & ! fir/ portion ( goods put ?r\gh w soon %[ ! dy] :e!r too mu* or too little ( ! "m indigo has be5 add$4 ,cont9u$ use & ! consequ5t agitation ( ! vat !reby g5]at$ causes x to become oxidis$1 & ! vat acquires a gre5i% col\r1 & does n give fa/ col\rs4 ,:5 ?is is notic$ ! use ( ! vat is /opp$2 x is heat$ to ab\t #afj;,f41 & a little lime & hydrosulphite add$1 :5 all ! oxidis$ indigo 9 ! vat w spe$ily be r$uc$1 & ! vat put into a workable condition aga94 ,by use ?is vat t5ds to become alkal9e1 & consequ5tly w spoil ! wool1 mak+ x h>% & brittle4 ,?is is rem$i$ by add+ a little hydro*loric acid4 ,holliday's ,pat5t ,indigo ,vat4--,messrs4 ,read ,holliday ,sons h pat5t$ an improv$ me?od ( mak+ an indigo solution & ! me?od ( us+ x4 ,!y supply ! indigo 9 ! =m ( solution 9 two /r5g?s1 ord9>y & conc5trat$4 ,bo? are us$ 9 ! same way1 only ( ! latt] less1 ab\t "o-f\r? to "o-?ird1 is 7p4 #add7 requir$ ?an ( ! =m]4 ,= ^? :o w\ld wi% to buy _! indigo ready prep>$ = use ^! are v conv5i5t =ms4 ,! be/ way ( work+ ! vat = wool is ! foll[+3 #dj gallons ( wat] heat$ to ab\t #ej;,c41 add #a_/dlb4 ( a mixture ( #a-a_/d gallons bisulphite ( soda1 #eb,tw41 & #alb4 z9c du/1 &1 say1 #a_/b gallon to #b gallons1 ( ! pat5t indigo solution1 accord+ to ! dep? ( %ade requir$4 ,! boil$ out wool is work$ bel[ ! surface ( ! liquor = ab\t ?ree m9utes1 !n tak5 out1 & ! excess ( liquor squeez$ back into ! vat1 ! :ole op]ation is repeat$ until ! %ade is arriv$ at4 ,aft] dye+1 r9se 9 an acid ba? ( #a to #b,tw4 ,! advantages ( ?is new vat are t bright] %ades are obta9$ & ! d>k] %ades ) few] dips1 :ile ! goods are dy$ clean] & ! %ades are m quickly obta9$1 &1 we ?9k1 some:at fa/] ?an by ! o!r process4 ,!re is also ! advantage t no lime or o!r alkali is us$ ) ?is new indigo vat4 ,! wool %\ld be boil$ out be=e dipp+1 if ! be/ results & ev5 %ades are desir$4 ,pota%-,indigo ,vat4--,?is is also a f]m5tation vat1 & is set 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 #elb4 ( madd] & #dlb4 ( bran are mix$ ) #ej gallons ( wat] & heat$ = f ?ree to f\r h\rs1 until a temp]ature ( f #ahj to #bab;,f4 is atta9$4 ,!n #aelb4 ( c>bonate ( pota% are add$ & ! liquor is all[$ to cool d[n to ab\t #abj;,f4 ,next #ajlb41 m or less accord+ to %ade requir$1 ( f9ely gr\nd indigo is add$1 & ! :ole is left = f =ty-eight to sixty h\rs to f]m5t1 be+ /irr$ up at int]vals ( twelve h\rs4 ,?is vat f]m5ts 9 mu* ! same way z ! woad vat1 & pres5ts ! same g5]al appe>ances4 ,x is n s liable to get out ( ord] z ! woad vat1 & 9 consequ5ce is 7p4 #ade7 mu* m easily manag$4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 give su* bright %ades z ei!r ( ! vats previ\sly describ$1 b x dyes a little quick]1 & deep] %ades c be produc$4 ,x is ! be/ vat to use :]e indigo dye+ is c>ri$ on at irregul> int]vals1 also = dye+ d>k %ades ( navy blue & = giv+ an indigo bottom = d>k blues1 br[ns & gre5s4 ,su* %ades /& mill+ & alkalies v well4 ,soda-,indigo ,vat4--,! soda-indigo vat is set 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 #ajjlb4 bran is boil$ ) #bjj gallons ( wat] = ?ree h\rs1 !n ! liquor is all[$ to cool f #ajj to #abj;,f4 ,!n #bjlb4 ( soda cry/als1 #elb4 slak$ lime1 & #aj to #aelb4 gr\nd indigo are add$1 ! mixture be+ left = two or ?ree days to f]m5t1 & /irr$ up at int]vals4 ,sometimes a little m soda or a little lime is add$1 z may be judg$ f ! appe>ance ( ! vat1 ^! appe>ances be+ practically ! same z ^? met ) 9 ! woad vat1 :i* h already be5 describ$ 9 detail4 ,! soda vat closely resembles ! pota% vat1 b is *eap] to produce4 ,x keeps its dye+ p[] long]1 b is some:at m liable to get out ( ord]4 ,x is l ! pota% vat1 easi] to manage ?an ! woad vat1 z ) all ! woad vats x is necess>y aft] work+ !m = a day to repl5i% !m ) a little indigo1 soda1 or pota%1 z ! case may be1 & a little bran4 ,clean] vats are obta9$ if treacle be sub/itut$ = ! bran1 b ! latt] f]m5ts bett]1 & gives bett] results 9 work+4 ,ur9e-,indigo ,vat4--,?is vat has almo/1 if n q1 gone out ( use1 be+ a r unpleasant vat to "w )1 ) few advantages ov] o!r vats4 ,"o advantage x possesses ov] ! woad & pota% vats is t x is ! be/ = work+ on a small scale1 b ! mod]n z9c r$uction vats run x v close 9 ?is respect4 ,! vat is 7p4 #adf7 made z foll[s3 ,to #ej gallons ( /ale ur9e #dlb4 ( common salt are add$1 & ! mixture heat$ to f #abj;,f4 to #adj;,f4 ,!n #alb4 madd] & #alb4 gr\nd indigo are add$1 & ! mass is well /irr$4 ,!n ! mixture is all[$ to /& until ! indigo is completely r$uc$1 :5 ! vat is ready = dye+4 ,indigo-,indoph5ol ,vat4--,messrs4 ,dur&1 ,hugu59 ,co4 h introduc$ ! use ( ,indoph5ol along ) indigo 9 wool dye+4 ,indoph5ol c be r$uc$ 9 ! same way z indigo1 & fibres dipp$ 9 ?is r$uc$ product on exposure to air turn blue 9 ! same way z if dipp$ 9 an indigo vat4 ,by itself indoph5ol has n met ) mu* fav\r f dy]s = a v>iety ( reasons1 b x has be5 f\nd t1 mix$ ) indigo1 x c be us$ 9 dye+ ) "s advantage on ! score ( *eapness4 ,! newly mix$ vat is made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,9 a conv5i5t vessel #bf gallons ( wat]1 #aelb4 z9c du/1 gr\nd into a pa/e ) #f gallons ( wat]1 & #g gallons bisulphite ( soda ( #ee,tw4 /rong are mix$4 ,!n #h p9ts cau/ic soda lye ( #gb,tw41 & #af p9ts liquor ammonia are add$1 & ! :ole mass is well /irr$ up2 #bblb4 good indigo ( ab\t #gj p] c5t4 indigot9e & #g-a_/dlb4 ,indoph5ol are ?or\ghly gr\nd into a pa/e ) #g gallons ( wat] & #b p9ts cau/ic soda lye ( #gb,tw4 ,! pa/e is add$ to ! previ\s mixture1 &1 aft] be+ well /irr$ 91 suffici5t wat] is add$ to make ! total volume ( liquor up to #ajj gallons4 ,! mass is /irr$ up f "t to "t dur+ a p]iod ( f ?irty-six to =ty-eight h\rs1 by :i* "t1 z a rule1 ! indigo & ,indoph5ol w h be5 completely r$uc$1 & ! vat h acquir$ a can>y-yell[ col\r2 if x has n1 add a little m z9c du/ & bisulphite ( soda4 ,x is ready = use :5 x has a good yell[ col\r4 ,?is =ms :at may be call$ a "m1 or /ock vat1 f :i* 7p4 #adg7 ! dye+ vat is made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take a suffici5t quantity ( wat] to make ! dye+ vat1 add "s hydrosulphite ( soda 7see bel[7 to de/roy any oxidis+ action ! vat liquor may h1 !n add suffici5t ( ! /ock vat to give ! requir$ %ade1 ?is po9t is "o :i* mu/ be det]m9$ by exp]i5ce4 ,! vat is n[ q ready = use1 & ! wool is ent]$ & treat$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,aft] dye+ ea* lot ( wool x is advisable to add "s ( ! /ock vat to replace ! indigo ab/ract$ by ! goods4 ,:5 a numb] ( dye+s h be5 done1 x is possible t ! vat may become *>g$ ) oxidis$ indigo & lose its clean1 yell[ col\r4 ,x may be re/or$ to its =m] conditions by add+ "s hydrosulphite ( soda4 ,( c\rse1 aft] consid]able use ?is1 l all o!r indigo vats1 becomes too highly *>g$ ) s$im5t1 etc41 to give excell5t results1 9 :i* case ! only ?+ t c be done is to ?r[ ! old vat away & />t a new "o4 ,! hydrosulphite ( soda ref]r$ to above is made 9 ! foll[+ way3 #d-a_/blb4 z9c du/ are gr\nd into a pa/e ) #e-a_/b gallons ( wat] & !n mix$ ) #d gallons bisulphite ( soda at #ee,tw41 /irr+ well s z to keep ! temp]ature d[n4 ,!n add #c p9ts cau/ic soda lye ( #gb,tw41 & #c-a_/b p9ts liquor ammonia4 ,f9ally1 add suffici5t wat] to make #ac gallons4 ,aft] /&+ = two or ?ree days ! prep>ation is ready = use4 ,x %\ld be alkal9e 9 prop]ty2 if n1 add a little ammonia to make x s4 ,?is vat gives v good bright %ades1 f sky blue to d>k navy1 :i* are equally z fa/ z pure indigo %ades4 ,sometimes wooll5 goods dy$ ) indigo rub badly4 ,! causes ( ?is defect v>y f "t to "t1 & 9 _m in/ances are (t5 obscure 9 _! orig94 ,all goods int5d$ = indigo dye+1 & m especially :5 %ades fa/ to rubb+ are desir$1 %\ld be 7p4 #adh7 ?or\ghly cleans$1 & be=e pass+ into ! indigo vat %\ld be ?or\ghly fre$ f any soap :i* may h be5 us$ 9 ! boil+ out4 ,!n1 aft] dye+1 !y ought to be well r9s$ 9 wat] & pass$ ?r\gh a s\r made ) sulphuric acid 7#blb4 9 #aj gallons71 & !n wa%$ aga94 ,vats highly *>g$ ) s$im5t>y matt]1 or ) z9c or lime1 are (t5 ! cause ( loose %ades4 ,! rem$y is obvi\s1 viz41 ! disc>d+ ( su* vats & ! prep>ation ( new ones1 9 fact old vats are p]haps m fruitful s\rces ( loose %ades ?an any o!r cause4 ,s(t wat] suits indigo dye+ bett] ?an h>d wat]1 & is to be pref]r$4 ,x is n advisable to attempt to get full or deep %ades ( indigo at "o dip1 = su* w\ld necessitate ! use ( /rong ba?s4 ,dye+s produc$ 9 ?is way are liable to rub badly1 because ! indigo lies mo/ly on ! surface1 to :i* x is m or less me*anically atta*$4 ,light %ades ( indigo are fa/ to rubb+1 & by repeat$ dipp+s 9 a light vat or a m$ium %ade vat deep %ades ( fair fa/ness to rubb+ c be got4 ,z repeat$ly /at$1 no indigo vat c be work$ cont9u\sly ) good results2 ! cont9ual agitation induc$ by ! passage ( ! y>ns or clo?s into ! liquor br+s ! liquor into contact ) ! air1 & oxidation sets 91 result+ 9 ! indigo be+ ?r[n out ( ! liquor 9 its orig9al =m4 ,:5 ?is happ5s ! vat loses its orig9al cle> yell[ or yell[i%-br[n col\r & becomes gre5i%1 a sure sign t ! vat is gett+ out ( condition to give good results4 ,! rem$y has be5 po9t$ out 9 deal+ ) ea* k9d ( vat1 & consi/s ess5tially 9 add+ to ! vat m ( ! active r$uc+ ag5t & all[+ ! vat to re/ a :ile4 ,! dye-vats may be ei!r r\nd tubs or squ>e wood5 tanks2 = y>n 9 hanks1 :5 clo?s or w>ps are be+ dy$1 ^! may be fitt$ 7p4 #adi7 ) w9ces & guide roll]s s z to draw mat]ials ?r\gh ! liquor4 ,! hawk+ ma*9e %[n 9 figure #bb is also v good = indigo clo? dye+1 & is l>gely us$ = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--;,indigo ,dye-vat4 ,figure #bc also %[s an excell5t ma*9e = indigo dye+ on clo?4 ,9 ?is ! vat has a frame c>ry+ guide roll]s1 r\nd :i* ! clo? passes1 s t x travels sev]al times ?r\gh ! vat liquor 9 its passage f "o end ( ! vat to ! o!r1 ! am\nt ( liquor 9 ! vat be+ s arrang$ t ! clo? is entirely imm]s$ ! :ole "t4 ,aft] go+ ?r\gh ! liquor ! clo? passes betwe5 a pair ( squeez+ roll]s1 9 ord] to h any surplus liquor tak5 out1 !n x trav]ses ! space betwe5 sets ( guide roll]s arrang$ ov] ! vat1 dur+ :i* "t ! indigo becomes oxidis$ & ! blue develops1 :ile f9ally x is 7p4 #aej7 plait$ d[n on a table4 ,! illu/ration cle>ly %[s ! work+ ( ! ma*9e4 ,dye+ ,wool ) ,indigo ,extract4--,sulphonat$ indigo1 prep>$ by dissolv+ indigo 9 sulphuric acid1 is sold "u ! "n ( indigo extract1 or indigo c>m9e1 9 two =ms--pa/e 7conta9+1 p]haps1 #be to #cj p] c5t4 actual col\r7 & p[d]4 ,bo? =ms are freely soluble 9 wat]1 al?\gh "s makes are m s ?an o!rs4 ,?is quality ( solubility is dep5d5t ^u ! proportion ( sulphuric acid :i* may h be5 us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! extract4 ,:5 ?is is small1 :at is t]m$ indigo monosulphonic acid only is =m$1 :i* is b slightly soluble 9 wat]1 & gives r$ %ades4 ,if a l>g] proportion ( acid be us$1 !n ! indigo disulphonic acid is =m$1 :i* is fairly easily soluble 9 wat]1 & gives blu] %ades ?an ! =m]4 ,z all =ms ( indigo extract are regul> articles ( comm]ce1 details = _! prep>ation w n be giv5 "h4 ,x w suffice to say t indigo is heat$ ) /rong sulphuric acid until te/ samples %[ t ! indigo has be5 completely dissolv$1 & x is !n dilut$ ) wat] & filt]$4 ,sometimes x is sold 9 ?is condition "u ! t]m *emic1 b if ?is be us$ 9 dye+ wool x gives r unsatisfactory results4 ,:5 s\r extract is requir$1 ! liquor filt]$ out is next treat$ ) salt until all ! col\r has be5 precipitat$ out1 :5 x is filt]$ (f1 dra9$1 press$ & sold4 ,%\ld neutral or sweet extract be requir$1 !n ! acid liquor is neutralis$ ) soda1 & ! product is salt$ out z be=e1 dra9$ & press$ to a suitable consi/5ce4 ,x is !n sold z indigo extract1 or dri$1 at #aej;,f41 to a p[d]1 :i* is kn[n z indigo c>m9e4 ,all =ms ( indigo extract are dy$ on wool f ba?s ( 7p4 #aea7 ,glaub]'s salt & sulphuric acid1 & !re=e !y c be class$ ) ! acid-dye+ coal-t> col\rs4 ,indigo extract is notable = its level dye+ & p5etrative prop]ties1 b x is n fa/ to light or mill+4 ,messrs4 ,read ,holliday ,sons h a p[d] =m ( indigo extract :i* w be f\nd v useful & to give bett] %ades ?an ! usual run ( pa/e extract1 :ile x only takes ab\t "o-fif? ! quantity to give a simil> %ade4 ,work+ at ! boil %\ld be avoid$ ) indigo extract1 z t5d+ to make ! %ades gre5i% 9 tone2 f #agj to #ahj;,f4 w usually be f\nd hot en\gh to dye good %ades4 ,indigo extract is n mu* us$ by itself 9 dye+ blues on wool1 b x is ext5sively employ$ along ) o!r dye-/uffs to produce an imm5se v>iety ( %ades--drabs1 gre5s1 fawns1 greys1 lilacs1 etc41 ( :i* "s examples w be giv5 lat] on4 ,indigo ,blue4--,prep>e a ba? ) #ajlb4 indigo extract1 #elb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w j "u ! boil to %ade4 ,sky ,blue4--,! dye-ba? conta9s #alb4 indigo extract1 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at ab\t #afj;,f4 to %ade4 ,dye+ ,wool ,blue ) ,logwood4--,?is me?od ( dye+ blue on wool has lo/ mu* ( its importance s9ce ! introduction ( ! artificial dyes1 b x is /ill employ$ :5 a blue fa/ to mill+ is want$4 ,logwood gives d>k navy blue %ades4 ,! process is z foll[s3 ,! wool is fir/ mordant$ by boil+ = "o & a half h\rs 9 a ba? ( #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 ( t>t>4 ,! op]ation mu/ be s c>ri$ out t ! non-oxidis+ gre5 *rome mordant is develop$ on ! fibre1 & !re=e ! boil+ mu/ be ?or\gh4 ,9 place ( t>t>1 argols & oxalic acid are frequ5tly us$1 :ile lactic acid or lignoros9e might be employ$4 ,! dye+ is done 7p4 #aeb7 9 a ba? ( #bj to #belb4 logwood1 or #e to #hlb4 logwood extract2 ! ba? is />t$ cold1 heat$ sl[ly to ! boil1 & kept at t heat = "o to "o & a half h\rs4 ,betwe5 ! mordant+ & dye+ ! wool %\ld be well r9s$4 ,,dye+ ,,blue ,,) ,,coal-,,t> ,,dyes4 ,! blue dyes d]iv$ f coal t> are v num]\s1 direct1 basic1 acid & mordant blues be+ kn[n4 ,! direct & basic dyes are v little us$1 b ! acid & mordant dyes are ext5sively employ$1 z is indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ recipes4 ,dye+ ) ,direct ,dyes4 ,pale ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a_/blb4 ,sulphon ,cyan9e & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] ! goods1 & "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,black ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,sulphon ,cyan9e1 #elb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia2 "w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,sulphon cyan9e works well ) o!r dye-/uffs1 & gives %ades :i* are fa/ to mill+4 ,dye+ ) ,acid ,dyes4 ,bright ,blue4--,prep>e a ba? ) #blb4 borax & #alb4 ,alkali ,blue,b4 ,ent] ! wool at ab\t #agj;,f41 !n heat to ! boil1 & "w = half an h\r2 !n lift1 r9se lightly1 & pass into a weak s\r ba?1 ) sulphuric acid to raise to ! col\r4 ,soda may be us$ 9 place ( borax1 b ! latt] salt ma9ta9s ! s(tness ( ! wool fibre bett]4 ,by us+ v>i\s br&s ( ,alkali ,blue 7#c,r to #g;,b71 v>i\s %ades ( blue f a r$di% ) ! #c,r to a pure blue ) ! #f;,b & #g;,b br&s may be dy$4 ,! ,alkali ,blues are fairly fa/ to light4 ,d>k ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,s]ge ,blue1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil 7p4 #aec7 = "o h\r4 ,?is is a v common way ( dye+ blues on s]ges1 ca%m]es & wor/$ goods4 ,9 place ( s]ge blue1 :at are kn[n z ,blackley blues1 or ,dewsbury blues1 may be employ$4 ,^! h a simil> composition1 b v>y a little 9 ! t9t ( blue !y give4 ,navy ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,indul9e,a1 #aj lb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,! ,indul9es are v useful col\r+ matt]s = dye+ navy or d>k blues on wool4 ,!y h ! defect ( be+ liable to give unev5 %ades4 ,?is may be rem$i$ by omitt+ ! acid :5 fir/ mak+ up ! ba?1 ent]+ ! wool1 work+ = half an h\r to ?or\ghly impregnate ! mat]ial ) ! dye-liquor1 !n add+ ! acid1 & cont9u+ ! work+ = ano!r half-h\r4 ,or ! wool may be treat$ to a weak *lor9e ba? be=e x is dy$1 by fir/ pass+ x ?r\gh a weak hydro*loric acid ba? & !n ?r\gh a ba? ( blea*+ p[d]4 ,by us+ acetic acid 9 place ( sulphuric acid m ev5 %ades are obta9$4 ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,acid ,blue #a,v1 #ioz4 ,acid ,violet #a,v1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,blue ,black4--,= ?is ! dye-ba? is made ) #hlb4 ,acid ,blue #a,v1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,navy ,blue4--,a v good %ade is dy$ ) #elb4 ,acid ,blue #a,v1 #clb4 ,acid violet #a,v1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,deep ,navy4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,fa/ acid ,mag5ta,b1 #clb4 ,wool ,blue ,b,x1 #d-c_/doz4 ,orange ,i,i1 #elb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,! ,pat5t ,blues "w exce$+ly well on wool1 giv+ good bright %ades ( a fair degree ( fa/ness4 ,! foll[+ recipes w 7p4 #aed7 give "s idea ( ! nature ( ! %ades :i* may be obta9$ f !m1 :ile lat] on _! use 9 comb9ation ) o!r dyes = ! production ( comp\nd %ades w be %[n4 ,bright ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,n1 or ,pat5t ,blue sup]ior1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,bright ,gre5i% ,blue4--,use #blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,royal ,blue4--,use #blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,b1 or #blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,j 7,no4 #c71 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,pat5t ,blue,j 7,no4 #c7 gives slightly m violet %ades ?an ,pat5t ,blue,n1 b !re is n mu* diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,saxony ,blue4--,use #blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,j 7,no4 #jj71 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,pat5t ,blue,j 7,no4 #jj7 dyes %ades v closely resembl+ ^? dy$ ) indigo extract1 & :]e ! latt] is us$ 9 ! dye+ ( comp\nd %ades ! =m] might be sub/itut$4 ,brilliant ,royal ,blue4--,prep>e a ba? ) #a-a_/blb4 ,new ,victoria ,blue,b1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,ent] at ab\t #ajj;,f41 !n raise to ! boil & "w = "o h\r4 ,?is gives a v brilliant %ade ( blue ( a violet tone4 ,sky ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a-a_/boz4 ,new ,victoria ,blue,b & #blb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,d>k ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #a-a_/boz4 ,acid ,violet #e;,b1 & #a-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,gre5 ,blui%1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #b lb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil to %ade2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,deep ,blue4--,make a dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,*romotrop #f;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #dlb4 acetic acid4 ,"w = "o h\r at ! boil2 !n lift1 add #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #clb4 acetic acid1 re-ent] ! goods & "w = "o h\r long]2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,! blues produc$ f ! ,*romotrops accord+ to ! la/ 7p4 #aee7 recipe are full1 solid-look+ %ades1 & h a great degree ( fa/ness to mill+ & light4 ,"s o!r examples %[+ ! production ( blue %ades f ! ,*romotrops w be giv5 lat] on4 ,violet ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,victoria ,violet #h;,b,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil to %ade2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,deep ,blue4--,a f9e deep blue is dy$ on wool f a ba? conta9+ #flb4 ,victoria ,violet #h;,b,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil to %ade4 ,deep ,sky ,blue4--,a f9e %ade is dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #doz4 ,cyanole extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,electric ,blue4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #doz4 ,cyanole extra1 #aoz4 ,acid ,gre5 extra1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,bright ,blue4--,a v f9e %ade ( blue c be dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #clb4 ,cyanole extra & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,d>k ,navy ,blue4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #dlb4 ,cyanole extra1 #ioz4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,d>k ,navy4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #elb4 ,black ,blue,o1 #a-c_/doz4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 #doz4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #belb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #dlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 add+ #alb4 sulphuric acid :5 ! dye+ is ab\t half done4 ,! navy blues giv5 9 ! la/ few recipes possess ! m]it ( consid]able resi/ance to light1 air & mill+4 ,pale ,blue4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a_/boz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #doz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #g-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #a_/boz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #ajlb4 acetic acid1 & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,peacock ,blue4--,a f9e %ade is dy$ ) #adoz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #a-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #boz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #ajlb4 acetic acid1 & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,invisible ,blue4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,victoria 7p4 #aef7 ,black ,blue1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,blue4--,a v f9e %ade ( blue1 n1 h[ev]1 fa/ to light1 is dy$ f a ba? conta9+ #a_/blb4 ,victoria ,blue,b1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,bright ,electric ,blue4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #c_/dlb4 ,glaci] ,blue1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #clb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil4 ,?is gives a v bright gre5 %ade ( blue4 ,d>k ,peacock ,blue4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,p]i ,wool ,blues ,b,g dye wool 9 v fa/ d>k blue %ades f ba?s ( ,glaub]'s salt & acetic acid4 ,!y are dye-/uffs :i* =m ) copp] blue col\r lakes ( "s fa/ness4 ,! copp] is amalgamat$ ) ! dye-/uffs z put on ! m>ket4 ,pale ,navy ,blue4--,mordant1 #dlb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye1 #b-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,bordeaux,b4 ,navy ,blue4--,mordant1 #dlb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye1 #glb4 ,aliz>9e ,bordeaux,g4 ,bright ,violet ,blue4--,mordant1 #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & #blb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye1 #c_/dlb4 ,cele/9e ,blue,b4 ,navy ,blue4--,a r$di% %ade ( navy blue is dy$ by mordant+ ) #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & #blb4 oxalic acid1 & dye+ ) #clb4 ,cele/9e ,blue,b & #c_/dlb4 ,diamond ,black4 ,! ,aliz>9e ,cyan9es are excell5t dye-/uffs = giv+ d>k blue & navy blue %ades on wool4 ,!y dye fairly easily1 & uni=m %ades are readily obta9$1 :ile !y possess "s consid]able p5etrative p[]1 s t !y are well adapt$ = dye+ heavy piece goods4 ,! foll[+ recipes %[ _! use & indicate ! "* ( ! %ades ! v>i\s br&s yield4 ,x may be add$ 7p4 #aeg7 t ! %ades are fa/ to light & mill+4 ,r$ ,navy ,blue4--,mordant1 #dlb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #b lb4 t>t>1 & #a-a_/boz4 sulphuric acid4 ,dye1 #flb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,r,r,r d\ble4 ,by us+ a mordant ( #dlb4 fluoride ( *rome & #blb4 oxalic acid ! %ade is made bright] & n s r$ 9 tone4 ,d>k ,blue4--,a r$ %ade ( blue almo/ approa*+ a navy is obta9$ by mordant+ ) bi*romate ( pota%1 z 9 ! la/ recipe1 & dye+ ) #ablb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,r,r1 or ) #aclb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e,r4 ,! %ade ) ! latt] dye-/uff is sc>cely s r$ z ) ! =m]4 ,d>k ,blue4--,mordant ) #dlb4 fluoride ( *rome & #b lb4 oxalic acid & dye ) #aclb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e,r4 ,d>k ,blue4--,a some:at bright] & less r$ %ade ?an is obta9$ by work+ z 9 ! la/ recipe is giv5 by mordant+ ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #blb4 t>t>1 & #b-a_/boz4 sulphuric acid1 & !n dye+ ) #aglb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,g extra4 ,d>k ,blue4--,mordant ) #c-a_/blb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 #b lb4 t>t>1 & #coz4 sulphuric acid4 ,dye ) #ahlb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,g,g4 ,peacock ,blue4--,mordant ) #dlb4 fluoride ( *rome & #blb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye ) #ahlb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,g,g4 ,! addition ( f #blb4 to #elb4 acetate ( ammonia 9 work+ ) ! ,aliz>9e ,cyan9es is a consid]able advantage1 by caus+ ! dye-/uff to p5etrate ! fibre bett] & to give m uni=m %ades4 ,m$ium ,blue4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye ) #elb4 ,brilliant ,aliz>9e ,blue,g1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,black ,blue4--,mordant z 9 ! la/4 ,dye ) #bjlb4 ,brilliant ,aliz>9e ,blue,g & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,navy4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe & dye ) #elb4 7p4 #aeh7 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e #c,r d\ble1 #elb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,g,w1 #blb4 ,brilliant ,aliz>9e ,blue,g1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,m$ium ,blue4--,mordant z 9 ! la/4 ,dye ) #elb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,g,w1 #b-a_/blb4 ,brilliant ,aliz>9e ,blue,g1 & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,lav5d] ,blue4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/dlb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #blb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue,a4 ,navy4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe1 & dye ) #bjlb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue,a4 ,deep ,sky ,blue4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 oxalic acid1 !n dye ) #b-a_/blb4 ,*rome ,blue4 ,bright ,blue4--,a v f9e bright %ade is obta9$ by mordant+ z 9 ! la/1 & !n dye+ ) #ajlb4 ,*rome ,blue4 ,lilac ,blue4--,mordant ) #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w4 ,aliz>9e ,blue,r gives some:at blu] %ades ?an ! ,d,n,w br&4 ,slate ,blue4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #b-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 #doz4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n1 & #a-b_/coz4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[4 ,peacock ,blue4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #flb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 #clb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[1 & #a-a_/blb4 ,pat5t ,blue,a1 add+ a little acetic acid to ! dye-ba?4 ,p>is ,blue4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,dye ) #clb4 ,galle9e1 #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 & #alb4 ,pat5t ,blue,a1 add+ a little acetic acid4 ,grey ,blue4--,mordant z above & dye ) #d-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 & #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n4 ,blue4--,mordant ) #ajlb4 alum1 #clb4 t>t>1 & #blb4 oxalic acid4 ,dye ) #aelb4 ,an?rac5e ,blue ,w,g1 #clb4 acetate ( lime1 & #alb4 tannic acid4 ,r$ ,navy4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe & dye ) #aelb4 7p4 #aei7 ,an?rac5e ,blue ,b,w1 #clb4 acetate ( lime1 & #c_/dlb4 tannic acid4 ,d>k ,blue4--,mordant ) #alb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>4 ,!n dye ) #bjlb4 ,an?rac5e ,blue ,w,b4 ,an?rac5e ,blue ,w,g gives slightly gre5] %ades ?an ! ,w,b br&1 :ile ! ,w,r blue gives r$d] %ades4 ,gr\nd+ wool ) v>i\s t9ts ( indigo is a fav\rite me?od ( produc+ _m useful %ades on wool4 ,9 g5]al x is a good plan1 z ! bottom s giv5 is a fa/ & p]man5t "o1 & is n 9 any way affect$ 7s f> z ! /ability ( ! col\r is conc]n$7 by ! subsequ5t dye+ op]ations1 c>e ( c\rse be+ tak5 t ^! are ! usual acid or mordant+ ba?s4 ,! only drawback aga9/ bottom+ ) indigo is ! increas$ co/ ( dye+ necessitat$ by ! extra lab\r1 & mat]ials requir$ to dye ! bottom4 ,z to ! me?ods & mat]ials requir$1 !y are j ^? usually employ$ 9 indigo dye+1 & ^! h be5 describ$4 ,! hydrosulphite vat1 or ,messrs4 ,holliday's pat5t indigo1 is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ conv5i5t me?od to adopt4 ,d>k ,slate4--,give a m$ium indigo bottom1 !n mordant ) #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & #alb4 oxalic acid1 & dye ) #a-a_/blb4 ,an?rac5e ,br[n ,w1 #a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,bordeaux,g1 & #aoz4 ,diamond ,flav9e4 ,d>k ,navy4--,give a m$ium indigo bottom 9 ! vat1 !n mordant ) #clb4 fluoride ( *rome & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>1 f9ally dye+ ) #f-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e,g1 & #a-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,bordeaux,g4 ,d>k ,blue4--,give a m$ium indigo bottom1 !n mordant ) #flb4 fluoride ( *rome & #blb4 oxalic acid1 f9ally dye+ ) #adlb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,black4 ,blue ,black4--,give a deep indigo bottom 9 ! vat1 !n mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>1 f9ally dye+ ) 7p4 #afj7 #flb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e ,black & #a-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,cyan9e #c,r d\ble4 ,,violet ,,%ades ,,on ,,wool4 ,violet %ades c only be obta9$ f ! coal-t> col\rs1 & ( ^! !re are n _m4 ,! recipes :i* are giv5 bel[ w s]ve to %[ :at dye-/uffs are available1 & w give "s idea ( ! t9ts !y dye4 ,) ,direct ,dyes4 ,pale ,violet4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #a_/blb4 ,sulphon ,cyan9e1 #a_/dlb4 ,g]an9e ,b1 #elb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,) ,basic ,dyes4 ,violet4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #alb4 ,me?yl ,violet #c;,b1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,a f9e pure %ade ( violet is obta9$4 ,me?yl ,violet is made 9 _m br&s1 di/+ui%$ z ,b1 ,b,b1 #b;,b1 #d;,b1 etc4 ,by us+ ei!r "o or ! o!r ( ^!1 a v>iety ( t9ts ( violet1 f a r$ %ade ) ,me?yl ,violet,r ?r\gh violet 7,b7 to a violet blue ) ,me?yl ,violet #g;,b1 c be dy$4 ,puce4--,a v bright %ade ( puce is dy$ by us+ ,me?yl ,violet,r1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,) ,acid ,dyes4 ,violet4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,acid ,violet #d;,b,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,?is gives a pure violet %ade4 ,if ,acid ,violet #f;,b,s be us$ a blu] %ade is obta9$4 ,r$di% ,puce4--,a v bright r$ t9t ( puce is obta9$ by us+ #blb4 ,acid ,violet #d,r,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,blui% ,violet4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,acid ,violet #e;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,lav5d]4--,use #doz4 ,acid ,violet #e;,b1 #aoz4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #a_/afoz4 ,fa/ ,gre5 blui%1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,violet4--,a f9e deep %ade is obta9$ by us+ #b-c_/dlb4 ,*romotrop #f,r1 #b-a_/blb4 ,cyan9e,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & 7p4 #afa7 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,mauve4--,use #blb4 ,acid ,mauve,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,violet4--,use #blb4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,bright ,violet4--,use #blb4 ,acid ,violet #f;,b,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,violet4--,use #blb4 ,acid ,violet,n1 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,) ,mordant ,dyes4 ,violet4--,mordant ! wool ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>1 & dye ) #ajlb4 ,*rome ,violet4 ,d>k ,violet4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,!n dye ) #clb4 ,*rome ,bordeaux #f;,b d\ble & #blb4 ,brilliant ,aliz>9e blue,g4 ,,br[n ,,%ades ,,on ,,wool4 ,br[n is a v important col\r1 ( :i* !re is an inf9ite v>iety ( %ades & x c be dy$ 9 a great v>iety ( ways & f a v>iety ( dye-/uffs1 z w be se5 on look+ ?r\gh ! recipes :i* foll[1 al?\gh ^! d n by any means exhau/ ! me?ods by :i* br[ns may be dy$ on wooll5 goods1 b !y may be tak5 z repres5tative & w s]ve to %[ by :at comb9ations ( dyes v>i\s t9ts ( br[ns may be obta9$4 ,) ,direct ,dyes4 ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,nyanza ,black,b1 #blb4 ,congo ,br[n,r1 & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,) ,acid ,dyes4 ,yell[ ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,azo ,c>m9e1 #alb4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 #alb4 ,indigo ,c>m9e,d1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,a good %ade is ?us obta9$4 ,olive ,br[n4--,use #c_/dlb4 ,azo ,acid ,violet #d,r1 #blb4 ,fa/ 7p4 #afb7 ,yell[1 #coz4 ,fa/ ,gre5 blui%1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,*e/nut4--,dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #f-a_/boz4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #c-a_/doz4 ,acid ,violet,v1 #alb4 ,azo ,yell[1 #blb4 ,orange ,no4 #b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,m\se4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #doz4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #a-b_/coz4 ,acid ,violet,n1 #acoz4 ,orange,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,seal4--,dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #alb4 ,orange ,g,g1 #a_/blb4 ,pat5t ,blue ,j#c1 #a_/blb4 ,azo ,yell[1 #c-a_/doz4 ,acid ,violet,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a-c_/dlb4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,victoria ,yell[1 #dlb4 ,keton ,blue,g1 #b-a_/boz4 ,acid ,violet #e;,b,e1 #belb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #dlb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,walnut4--,a f9e %ade c be dy$ ) #a-c_/dlb4 ,azo ,acid ,mag5ta,g1 #ad-a_/boz4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #c_/dlb4 ,victoria ,yell[1 #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,olive ,br[n4--,make a dye-ba? ) #blb4 sulphuric acid1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #alb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 & #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,gre5 extra blui%4 ,d>k ,olive ,br[n4--,a v f9e %ade c be dy$ ) #a lb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet #aj;,b1 #a-a_/blb4 ,orange#aa1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,gre5 blui%1 #goz4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,walnut4--,use #alb4 ,cyanole1 #alb4 ,orange extra1 #a_/blb4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,d>k ,seal4--,use #alb4 ,cyanole1 #alb4 ,orange extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,gold5 ,br[n4--,a f9e %ade is dy$ ) #a-a_/dlb4 ,victoria 7p4 #afc7 ,yell[1 #i-a_/boz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #c-a_/boz4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,) ,mordant ,dyes4 ,gold5 ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 #a-a_/blb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,"w = half an h\r2 !n add #elb4 bisulphate ( soda & "w = half an h\r long]1 !n add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 & "w = half an h\r at ! boil4 ,bright ,gold5 ,br[n4--,use #c_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 #a-a_/b lb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #elb4 bisulphate ( soda1 z indicat$ 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,! %ades s obta9$ are v f9e1 & h ! m]it ( be+ fa/ to wa%+ & light4 ,*e/nut4--,give a m$ium indigo bottom 9 ! vat1 !n dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #a-c_/dlb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #alb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 & #elb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,"w aga9 = half an h\r1 !n add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 & "w aga9 = ano!r half h\r2 lift1 wa% & dry4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #a-a_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 #c_/dlb4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 #a-a_/blb4 ,an?racite ,black,b1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,aft] half an h\r's boil+1 add #elb4 bisulphate ( soda1 "w half an h\r long]1 add #clb4 fluoride ( *rome1 & "w toge!r ano!r half h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,br[n4--,a v f9e %ade c be dy$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,fir/ give a m$ium indigo bottom 9 ! vat1 !n mordant 9 a ba? conta9+ #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>1 & f9ally dye 9 a ba? made f #a-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,r1 #dlb4 ,diamond ,flav9e1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,seal4--,give a m$ium indigo bottom 9 ! vat1 & ,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>1 & f9ally dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #c-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,r1 #alb4 ,an?rac5e ,br[n,r1 #blb4 ,diamond ,flav9e1 & #b lb4 acetic acid4 ,br[n4--,a full %ade is dy$ by fir/ mordant+ ) #clb4 7p4 #afd7 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>1 & !n dye+ ) #ajlb4 ,an?rac5e ,br[n,w1 & #alb4 ,mordant ,yell[4 ,buff4--,mordant z 9 ! la/1 & dye ) #elb4 ,an?rac5e ,br[n,w1 & #a_/dlb4 ,mordant ,yell[,o4 ,nut4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 oxalic acid1 & dye ) #bjlb4 ,diamond ,br[n4 ,pale ,old ,gold ,br[n4--,mordant z 9 ! la/1 & dye ) #elb4 ,diamond ,br[n4 ,d>k ,violet ,br[n4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipes1 & dye ) #cjlb4 ,*rome ,br[n,r4 ,bright ,*e/nut4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 sulphuric acid1 & dye ) #cjlb4 ,gamb9e,r4 ,pale ,*e/nut4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipes1 & dye ) #bjlb4 ,gamb9e,y4 ,olive ,br[n4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipes1 & dye ) #ajlb4 ,gamb9e,b4 ,! br[ns dy$ ) ,gamb9e h ! m]it ( be+ fa/ to mill+ & light4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>2 !n dye ) #aelb4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n4 ,bright ,buff4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe2 !n dye ) #d-c_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n1 #dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[1 #a-c_/doz4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,violet ,br[n4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,!n dye ) #ahlb4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n1 #flb4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,h1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,walnut4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 sulphuric acid2 !n dye ) #hlb4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n1 #blb4 ,aliz>9e ,r$ #c,w,s1 & #blb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ ,g,g,w4 ,,mode ,,col\rs ,,on ,,wool4 ,"u ! g5]al designation ( mode col\rs are includ$ a great v>iety ( t9ts or %ades unusually describ$ m specifically 7p4 #afe7 z drabs1 buffs1 greys1 fawns1 slates1 etc4 ,x is impossible "h to d m ?an give a few recipes = _! production4 ,) ,direct ,dyes4 ,drab4--,make a dye-ba? ) #coz4 ,nyanza ,black,b1 #a-a_/boz4 ,*rysam9e,g1 #boz4 ,congo orange,r1 & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 work+ at ! boil = "o h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,) ,acid ,dyes4 ,bright ,buff4--,dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #c_/doz4 ea* ,cyanole1 ,orange extra1 & ,indian ,yell[,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,slate4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #coz4 ,cyanole1 #a_/doz4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 #a_/boz4 ,orange extra1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,silv] ,grey4--,use #a-a_/doz4 ,orange extra1 #c_/doz4 ,ar*il ,sub/itute,n1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,pale ,drab4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a_/boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #c_/doz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #a_/doz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,grey4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #aoz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #a-a_/doz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #b-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #boz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #elb4 acetic acid4 ,bright ,fawn4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #boz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #hoz4 ,orange,g1 #b-a_/doz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,blue,r1 #a-a_/doz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #elb4 acetic acid4 ,d>k ,buff4--,use #boz4 ,cyan9e,b1 #eoz4 ,azo ,yell[1 #b-a_/boz4 ,*romotrop #b,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,lilac ,grey4--,use #coz4 ea* ,fa/ ,acid ,violet #aj;,b1 ,fa/ ,gre5 blui%1 & ,fa/ ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,pale ,fawn ,drab4--,use #aoz4 ,pat5t ,blue,v1 #aoz4 ,rhodam9e1 #a-c_/doz4 ,orange,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,d>k ,grey4--,use #alb4 ,wool ,grey,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & 7p4 #aff7 #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,/one4--,use #aoz4 ,pat5t ,blue ,j,b1 #a-c_/doz4 ,orange,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,pale ,fawn ,br[n4--,use #doz4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet,r1 #boz4 ,pat5t ,blue ,j,o,o1 #coz4 ,orange,g1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #clb4 sulphuric acid4 ,drab4--,use #coz4 ,azo ,c>m9e1 #a-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 #a-a_/doz4 ,indigo ,c>m9e,d1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,lilac4--,use #a_/blb4 ,azo c>m9e1 #a_/blb4 ,indigo ,c>m9e,d1 #a-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,) ,mordant ,dyes4 ,pale ,drab4--,mordant ) #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n pa/e4 ,violet ,grey4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe1 & dye ) #alb4 ,aliz>9e ,grey,b4 ,pale ,fawn4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #b-a_/blb4 t>t>1 & dye ) #d-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[1 #acoz4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n1 #aa-a_/boz4 ,aliz>9e ,orange,n1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,pale ,/one4--,mordant ) #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #acoz4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ & #a-a_/dlb4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n4 ,d>k ,slate4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #b-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 & #ajoz4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[4 ,lav5d] ,grey4--,mordant ) #blb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/blb4 t>t>4 ,dye ) #acoz4 ,aliz>9e ,blue ,d,n,w1 & #boz4 ,galle9e4 ,drab4--,mordant z 9 ! la/ recipe2 !n dye ) #doz4 ,aliz>9e ,blue1 #a-a_/blb4 ,aliz>9e ,yell[ & #adoz4 ,aliz>9e ,br[n4 ,drab4--,mordant ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #alb4 7p4 #afg7 sulphuric acid1 & dye ) #alb4 ,gamb9e,r4 ,d>k ,grey4--,give a light indigo bottom 9 ! vat1 & !n dye 9 a ba? conta9+ #c_/doz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 #c_/doz4 ,an?rac5e ,yell[,c1 & #elb4 acetate ( ammonia4 ,"w at ! boil = half an h\r1 !n add #elb4 bisulphate ( soda1 "w half an h\r long]1 !n add #alb4 fluoride ( *rome1 & "w = ano!r half h\r at ! boil2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,,*apt] ,v4 7p4 #afh7 ,,dye+ ,,union 7,,mix$ ,,cotton ,,& ,,wool7 ,,fabrics4 ,!re is n[ produc$ a great v>iety ( textile fabrics ( e conceivable texture by comb9+ ! two fibres1 cotton & wool1 9 a numb] ( ways4 ,! v>iety ( ^! fabrics has ( late ye>s consid]ably increas$1 :i* increase may be l>gely ascrib$ to ! introduction ( ! direct dye+ col\r+ matt]s--! ,diam9e dyes1 ! ,b5zo dyes1 ! ,congo & ! ,zambesi dyes2 = 9 ! dye+ ( wool-cotton fabrics !y h made a revolution4 ,! dy] ( union fabrics1 t is fabrics compos$ ( wool & cotton1 0 =m]ly put to great /raits to obta9 uni=m %ades on ! fabrics suppli$ to him ow+ to ! diff]5ce 9 ! aff9ity ( ! fibres = ! dye-/uffs !n kn[n4 ,n[ ! direct dyes af=d him a means ( easily dye+ a piece ( cotton-wool clo? 9 any col\r ( a uni=m %ade1 :ile ! production ( two-col\r$ effects is mu* m "u 8 control1 & has l$ to ! increas$ production ( figur$ dress fabrics ) ! gr\nd 9 "o fibre 7wool7 & col\r1 & ! design 9 ano!r fibre 7cotton7 & col\r4 ,! numb] ( direct dyes issu$ by ! v>i\s col\r manufactur]s is s great t x w\ld take a fairly consid]able space to discuss !m all4 ,to obta9 good results x is ne$ful t ! dy] ( union fabrics %\ld be a man ( ke5 obs]vation & h a ?or\gh k ( ! dyes he is us+1 = ea* dye makes a rule to itself z reg>ds its p[] ( dye+ wool & cotton2 "s g bett] on to ! 7p4 #afi7 cotton ?an on to ! wool1 & vice v]sa4 ,"s dye wool be/ at ! boil1 o!rs equally well bel[ t heat2 "s g on ! cotton at a mod]ate temp]ature1 o!rs require ! dye-ba? to be boil+2 "s w g to ! cotton only & appe> to ignore ! wool4 ,! pres5ce or abs5ce 9 ! dye-ba? ( su* bodies z c>bonate ( soda1 ,glaub]'s salt1 etc41 has a mat]ial influ5ce on ! degree ( ! aff9ity ( ! dye-/uff = ! two fibres1 z w p]haps be not$ h]eaft]4 ,aga91 :ile "s ( ! dyes produce equal col\rs on bo? fibres1 !re are o!rs :]e ! tone is diff]5t4 ,) all ^! peculi>ities ( ! ,diam9e & o!r direct dyes ! union dy] mu/ make himself famili>4 ,^! dyes are us$ 9 neutral ba?s1 t is1 along ) ! dye-/uff4 ,x is (t5 conv5i5t to use along ) ! direct dyes "s azo or acid dyes :i* h ! prop]ty ( dye+ ! wool f neutral ba?s2 _m examples ( su* w be f\nd 9 ! practical recipes giv5 bel[4 ,! dyes n[ "u consid]ation may be conv5i5tly class$ into five gr\ps4 7#a7 ,^? dyes :i* dye ! cotton & wool f ! same ba? to ! same %ade1 or ne>ly s4--,among su* are ,?i(lav9e,s1 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 ,diam9e ,rose ,b,d1 ,diam9e ,r$s #d;,b1 #e;,b1 #f;,b & #aj;,b1 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,r$,f1 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,b1 ,diam9e ,br[n,n1 ,diam9e ,br[n #c;,g1,b & ,g,w1 ,diam9e ,blue ,r,w1 ,b,x1 ,diam9e ,blue,g1 ,diam9e ,gre5s,g &,b1 ,diam9e ,black ,h,w1 ,diam9e ,d>k ,blue,b1 ,union ,black,b &,s1 ,oxydiam9e ,blacks,b1,m1,d &,a1 ,diam9e ,cate*9e,g1 ,union ,blue ,b,b1 ,oxyph59e1 ,*loram9e ,yell[1 ,?i(lav9e,s1 ,alkali ,yell[,r1 ,*rom9e,g1 ,titan ,sc>let,s1 ,mimosa1 ,primul9e1 ,aurol9e1 ,congo ,cor9?,b1 ,?iazol ,yell[1 ,columbia ,yell[1 ,oxydiam9e ,yell[ ,g,g1 ,oxydiam9e ,oranges,g &,r1 ,diam9e 7p4 #agj7 ,orange,o1 ,oxydiam9e ,r$,s4 7#b7 ,dyes :i* dye ! cotton a deep] %ade ?an ! wool4--,! foll[+ belong to ?is gr\p4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,a1 ,diam9e ,orange,g &,d1 ,diam9e ,cate*9e,g1 ,diam9e ,cate*9e,b1 ,diam9e sky ,blue1 ,diam9e ,blues #b;,b1 ,diam9e ,blue #c;,b1 ,diam9e ,blue ,b,g1 ,diam9e ,brilliant ,blue,g1 ,diam9e ,new ,blue,r1 ,diam9e ,/eel ,blue,l1 ,diam9e ,black ,r,o1 ,diam9e ,black ,b,o1 ,diam9e ,black ,b,h1 & ,oxydiam9e ,black ,s,o,o,o1 ,diam9e ,nitrazol ,br[n,g1 ,diam9e ,cate*9e,b1 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue ,f,f1 ,diam9e ,d>k ,blue,b1 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,b1 ,diam9e ,violet,n1 ,oxydiam9e ,violet,b1 ,columbia ,black,b & ,f,b1 ,zambesi ,black,b1 ,congo ,br[n,g1 ,direct ,yell[,g1 ,direct ,orange,r1 ,clayton ,yell[1 ,cotton ,yell[1 ,orange ,t,a1 ,b5zopurpur9e,b1 ,brilliant ,congo,r1 ,*icago ,blues,b1 #d;,b & #f;,b4 7#c7 ,dyes :i* dye wool a deep] %ade ?an ! cotton4--,! dyes 9 ?is gr\p are n num]\s4 ,!y are ,diam9e ,gold1 ,diam9e ,sc>let,b1 ,diam9e ,sc>let #c;,b1 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,s1 ,diam9e ,blue ,r,w1 & ,diam9e ,gre5,g1 ,diam9e ,r$ ,n,o &,b1 ,*icago ,blue,g & ,r,r,w1 ,brilliant ,purpur9e,r1 ,diam9e ,sc>let,b1 ,deltapurpur9e #e;,b1 ,*rysam9e1 ,titan ,blue1 ,titan ,p9k1 ,congo ,oranges,g &,r1 ,erie ,blue #b;,g1 ,congo,r1 ,brilliant ,congo,r1 ,erika ,b,n1 ,b5zopurpur9e #d;,b & #aj;,b1 ,*rysoph59e1 ,titan ,yell[1 ,titan ,br[n,y1,r &,o1 ,congo ,br[n,g1 ,sulphon ,azur9e,b1 ,zambesi ,black,d4 7#d7 ,dyes :i* produce diff]5t %ades on ! two fibres4--,diam9e ,br[n,g & ,diam9e ,blue #c,r1 ,diam9e ,br[n,v1 ,diam9e ,br[n,s1 ,diam9e ,nitrazol ,br[n,b1 ,diam9e ,blue ,b,x & #c,r1 ,diam9e ,blue ,black,e1 ,b5zo ,blue ,black,g1 ,b5zopurpur9e #aj;,b1 ,b5zo ,azur9e ,r,g & #c;,g1 ,columbia ,r$ ,s,b1 ,brilliant ,azur9e #e;,g1 ,titan ,m>9e 7p4 #aga7 ,blue1 ,congo ,cor9?s,g &,b1 ,azo ,blue1 ,hessian ,violet1 ,titan ,blue1 ,azo ,mauve1 ,congo ,br[n1 ,diam9e ,bronze,g1 ,zambesi ,br[ns,g & #b;,g1 ,zambesi ,black,f4 7#e7 ,azo acid dyes :i* dye wool f neutral ba?s1 & are !re=e suitable = %ad+ up ! wool to ! cotton 9 union fabric dye+4--,among ! dyes ?us available may be enum]at$ ,naph?ol ,blue,g &,e1 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 ,=myl ,violet #aj;,b1 ,lanacyl ,blue ,b,b1 ,lanacyl ,blue,r1 ,alkal9e ,blue1 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b & #f;,b1 ,roccele9e1 ,azo ,r$,a1 ,croce9e ,a,z1 ,brilliant ,sc>let1 ,orange extra1 ,orange ,e,n,z1 ,indian ,yell[,g1 ,indian ,yell[,r1 ,tropol9e ,o,o1 ,naph?ylam9e ,black #d;,b1 & ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 ,brilliant ,sc>let,g1 ,lanacyl ,violet,b1 ,brilliant ,mill+ ,gre5,b1 ,?ioc>m9e,r1 ,=myl ,blue,b1 ,naph?ylam9e ,blacks,d1 #d;,b & #f;,b1 ,azo ,acid ,yell[1 ,curcum9e ,extra1 ,m&>9e,g1 ,ponceau #c,r,b1 ,acid ,violet #f;,b1 ,gu9ea ,violet #d;,b1 ,gu9ea ,gre5,b1 ,wool ,black #f;,b4 ,reg>d+ ! be/ me?ods ( dye+1 t 9 neutral ba?s yields ! mo/ satisfactory results 9 practical work+4 ,x is done 9 a boil+ hot or 9 a slightly boil+ ba? ) ! addition ( #f-a_/doz4 cry/allis$ ,glaub]'s salt p] gallon wat] = ! fir/ ba?1 & :5 ! ba?s are kept /&+ #bj p] c5t4 cry/allis$ ,glaub]'s salt reckon$ ^u ! weight ( ! goods = ea* succe$+ lot4 ,9 dye+ unions1 ! dye-ba?s mu/ be z conc5trat$ z possible & mu/ n conta9 m ?an f #be to #cj z mu* wat] z ! goods weigh4 ,9 ?is respect x s]ve z a guide t conc5trat$ ba?s are be/ us$ dye+ d>k %ades :ile light %ades c be dy$ 9 m dilute ba?s4 ,! mo/ important factor = produc+ uni=m dye+s is ! appropriate regulation ( ! temp]ature ( ! dye-ba?4 ,conc]n+ ?is ! dy] mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! direct col\rs possess a great] aff9ity = cotton if dy$ bel[ ! boil+-po9t1 & only g on ! wool :5 ! ba? is boil+1 7p4 #agb7 especially s ! long] & m int5sely ! goods are boil$4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( dye+ is p]haps ! be/ "o4 ,*>ge ! dye-ba? ) ! requisite dye-/uff & ,glaub]'s salt1 boil up1 %ut (f ! /eam1 ent] ! goods & let run = half an h\r1 )\t /eam1 !n sample4 ,if ! %ade ( bo? cotton & wool is too light1 add "s m ( ! dye-/uffs us$ = bo? fibres1 boil up once m1 & boil = a qu>t] to half an h\r4 ,if ! wool only is too light1 or its %ade diff]5t f t ( ! cotton1 add "s m ( ! dye-/uff us$ = %ad+ ! wool & br+ !m aga9 to ! boil4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! cotton turns out too light or does n correspond 9 %ade to ! wool1 add "s m ( ! dye-/uffs us$ = dye+ ! cotton1 )\t1 h[ev]1 rais+ ! temp]ature4 ,prolong$ boil+ is necess>y only v r>ely1 & g5]ally only if ! goods to be dy$ are difficult to p5etrate or conta9 qualities ( wool :i* only ) difficulty take up ! dye-/uff4 ,9 su* cases1 9 mak+ up ! ba?1 dye-/uffs are to be select$ "s ( :i* g only on ! wool & o!rs :i* g only on ! cotton 7^? belong+ to ! second gr\p74 ,! goods c !n be boil$ = "s "t1 & p]fect p5etration & level %ades w result4 ,if ! wool takes up ! dye-/uff easily 7z is frequ5tly ! case ) goods manufactur$ f %oddy7 & are !re=e dy$ too d>k a %ade1 !n dye-/uffs h to be us$ :i* pr9cipally dye ! cotton1 & a too high temp]ature is to be avoid$4 ,9 su* cases x is advisable to dim9i% ! aff9ity ( ! wool by ! addition ( "o-fif? ( ! orig9al quantity ( ,glaub]'s salt 7ab\t #c_/hoz4 p] gallon ( wat]71 & f ?ree-qu>t]s to f\r-fif?s ( ! dye-/uff us$ = ! fir/ lot4 ,c>e has to be tak5 t n mu* ( ! dye-liquor is lo/ :5 tak+ out ! dy$ goods1 o!rwise ! quantities ( ,glaub]'s salt & dye-/uff w h to be increas$ proportionately4 ,wood5 7p4 #agc7 vats su* z are g5]ally us$ = piece dye+ h prov$ ! mo/ suitable1 !y are heat$ ) direct or /ill bett] ) indirect /eam4 ,! me?od :i* has prov$ mo/ advantage\s is to let ! /eam run into a space sep>at$ f ! vat by a p]=at$ wall into :i* space ! requir$ dye-/uffs & salt are plac$4 ,! mode ( work+ is influ5c$ by ! "* ( ! goods1 & ! foll[+ notes w be f\nd useful by ! union dy]4 ,v little difficulty w be met ) 9 dye+ su* light fabrics z ,italians1 ca%m]es1 s]ges & simil> ?9 textiles lightly wov5 f cotton w>p & wooll5 weft4 ,:5 deep %ades 7blacks1 d>k blues1 br[ns & gre5s7 are be+ dy$ x is n advisable to make up ! dye-ba? ) ! :ole ( ! dyes at once4 ,x is mu* bett] to add ^! 9 quantities ( ab\t "o-f\r? at a "t at int]vals dur+ ! dye+ ( ! piece4 ,x is f\nd t ! aff9ity ( ! wool = ! dyes at ! boil is s mu* great] ?an is t ( ! cotton t x w\ld1 if ! :ole ( ! dye 7 us$1 take up too mu* ( ! col\r & !n w\ld come up too deep 9 %ade4 ,nev] give a /rong boil ) su* fabrics1 b keep ! ba? j "u ! boil :i* results 9 ! wool dye+ mu* m ne>ly l to cotton4 ,on ,union ,flannels4--,9 ?is class ( goods x is important t ! s(t op5 feel ( ! goods be reta9$ z mu* z possible1 & = ?is purpose no class ( dyes (f]s s _m advantages z ! direct col\rs4 ,only "o ba? be+ requir$1 !re is n ! same am\nt ( manipulation ne$$ 9 ! dye+ op]ation1 h5ce !re is less risk t ! s(t feel & woolly /ructure w be affect$4 ,z no mordants are ne$$ !re is no?+ to imp>t a h>% feel to ! fabrics4 ,on ,dress ,goods1 ,suit+s & ,coat+s4--,a l>ge quantity ( fabrics = g5tlem5's suits1 coats & clo?s 9 g5]al are n[ made 7p4 #agd7 f wool & cotton4 ,=m]ly ! dye+ ( ^! (f]$ _m difficulties be=e ! application ( ! direct dyes 0 prop]ly und]/ood4 ,n[1 h[ev] ! ease ) :i* su* dyes may be appli$ has giv5 consid]able impetus to ?is class ( goods1 & ! trade has gr[n by leaps & b\nds dur+ rec5t ye>s1 & has be5 "o cause ( ! great *eap5+ ( clo!s :i* has occurr$ 9 ! same p]iod4 ,! dye+ ( ! goods ) ! direct col\rs (f]s v little difficulty1 & only requires t a little att5tion be paid1 p>ticul>ly to goods 9 :i* ! cotton ei!r appe>s on ! surface =m+ a design1 or is spun or twi/$ toge!r ) ! wool4 ,a good deal ( %oddy is us$ 9 mak+ ! *eap] class ( ^! goods1 & x is q natural t su* artificial wool behaves diff]5tly f pure wool1 n only ) reg>d to its %ade result+ f mix+ & work+ toge!r diff]5tly dy$ wa/e wools1 b also on acc\nt ( its possess+ a great] aff9ity = all k9ds ( dye-/uff ?an raw wool2 ?is 9 consequ5ce ( ! c>bonisation & wa%+ processes x has und]gone1 & also ( ! mordants :i* ! mat]ial may reta9 f previ\s processes4 ,!re=e 7& especially 9 dye+ light %ades on goods manufactur$ ( %oddy7 only a small quantity ( soda or borax is to be add$ to ! dye-ba? & sev]e boil+ is to be avoid$4 ,:]ev] x is possible goods :i* are to be dy$ 9 light %ades %\ld be made f ! pale/ mat]ials1 & ! d>k qualities only us$ = goods :i* are to be dy$ 9 d>k %ades4 ,?is rule c1 ( c\rse1 n always be adh]$ to4 ,q (t5 a light & bright %ade is to be dy$ on comp>atively d>k mat]ial4 ,?is _c be a*iev$ by simply dye+ x1 ! goods mu/ be /ripp$ or blea*$ be=e dye+4 ,= ?is purpose ei!r en]getically react+1 oxidis+ r$uc+ ag5ts are appli$4 ,( ! =m]1 bi*romate ( potassium is pr9cipally us$4 ,boil ! 7p4 #age7 goods = half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r ) #c to #e p] c5t4 bi*romate ( potassium1 #b to #d p] c5t4 oxalic acid1 & #c to #e p] c5t4 sulphuric acid1 wa% 9 a fre% w>m ba? *>g$ ) soda 9 ord] to entirely neutralise ! acid :i* has rema9$ 9 ! goods1 or else ! wool w\ld be dy$ too deep a %ade4 ,9 "s cases hydrosulphite has prov$ a useful r$uc+ ag5t2 x c be easily prep>$ f ord9>y bisulphite ( soda 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,add #ajoz4 ammonia 7#ji specific gravity7 to a gallon ( bisulphite ( soda1 #cb,tw42 !n add sl[ly "u a brisk /irr+ #ajoz4 z9c-du/1 & let ! entire mixture settle well1 us+ only ! cle> solution4 ,treat ! goods f fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes 9 a ba? ( #adj;,f41 to :i* fir/ add at ! boil #c_/doz4 acetic acid1 #aj,tw41 p] gallon wat]1 & !n #d to #f gallons cle> hydrosulphite solution p] #ajj gallons liquor4 ,!n r9se v well & dye 9 ! usual mann]2 avoid+1 h[ev]1 too high a temp]ature4 ,z on ?is class ( goods d>k %ades are mo/ly dy$1 ! goods ne$ only v r>ely be /ripp$4 ,bright ,yell[4--,use #blb4 ,?i(lav9e,s 9 a ba? :i* conta9s #dlb4 ,glaub]'s salt p] #aj gallons ( dye-liquor4 ,good ,yell[4--,a v f9e deep %ade is dy$ ) #b-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,gold1 & #bdlb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,a 9 ! same way z ! la/4 ,"h advantage is tak5 ( ! fact t :ile ! ,diam9e ,gold dyes ! wool bett] ?an ! cotton ! ,diam9e ,yell[ dyes ! cotton ! deepe/ %ade1 & betwe5 ! two a uni=m %ade ( yell[ is got4 ,pale ,gold ,yell[4--,use a dye-liquor conta9+ #dlb4 ,glaub]'s salt 9 e #aj gallons1 #b-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,a1 #boz4 ,indian ,yell[,g1 & #c-a_/boz4 ,indian ,yell[,r4 ,9 ?is recipe we use 9 ! two la/ dyes purely wool yell[s1 :i* dye ! wool ! same t9t z ! ,fa/ ,yell[ ,a dyes ! cotton4 ,bright ,yell[4--,use 9 ! same way z ! la/ #b-a_/blb ,diam9e 7p4 #agf7 ,fa/ ,yell[,b & #coz4 ,indian ,yell[,g4 ,gold ,orange4--,use z above #blb4 ,diam9e orange,g1 #c-a_/b oz4 ,indian ,yell[,r1 & #a-a_/boz4 ,orange ,e,n,z4 ,deep ,orange4--,use #b-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,orange ,d,c1 #f-a_/boz4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 & #c-a_/doz4 ,indian ,yell[,r4 ,black4--,use #d-a_/blb4 ,union ,black,s1 #boz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,a1 #eoz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 #c-a_/doz4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 & #dlb4 ,glaub]'s salt 9 #aj gallons dye-liquor4 ,! goods are treat$ at ! boil 9 ?is ba? = "o h\r1 ,italian clo?s h frequ5tly if n always to pass ?r\gh a f9i%+ process to give !m lu/re4 ,?is treatm5t1 especially ) blues & blacks1 has a t5d5cy to affect ! %ades1 r$d5+ !m4 ,) "s dye ! col\r comes back on ! goods becom+ cold aga91 b ) o!rs ?is is n ! case4 ,if desir$ ! goods may be subject$ aft] dye+ to a treatm5t ) alum or1 bett]1 bi*romate ( pota%4 ,! goods aft] be+ dy$ are r9s$ & !n pass$ into a ba? at a temp]ature ( #adj;,f41 conta9+ #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #a-a_/b to #boz4 sulphuric acid4 ,aft] be+ *rom$ 9 ?is = ab\t half an h\r !y are well wa%$4 ,?is *rom+ ?or\ghly fixes ! col\r on ! cotton & x w n *ange :ile be+ f9i%$1 ei!r by crabb+1 /eam+ or hot press+4 ,gold ,br[n4--,use #a-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,cut*1 #f-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 #aoz4 ea* ,union ,black1 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black & ,azo ,r$,a4 ,walnut ,br[n4--,a f9e %ade is got ) #a-a_/dlb4 ,union ,black,s1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,br[n,m1 #c-a_/doz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 #acoz4 ,indian ,yell[,g1 & #aoz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,aft] dye+ ! goods %\ld be *rom$ ) #clb4 bi*romate ( pota% & #boz4 sulphuric acid4 ,d>k ,blue4--,a good full %ade is got ) #b-a_/dlb4 ,union ,black,s1 #i-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,brilliant ,blue,g1 #f-a_/boz4 ,alkal9e ,violet 7p4 #agg7 ,c,a1 & #a_/dlb4 ,alkal9e ,blue,f4 ,treatm5t 9 a ba? ( #a_/blb4 alum & #a_/boz4 soda at #acj;,f4 w fix ! col\r aga9/ f9i%+4 ,silv] ,grey4--,a f9e grey c be got f #a-c_/doz4 ,diam9e ,black ,b,h1 #a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 & #a_/boz4 ,=myl ,violet4 ,navy ,blue4--,use #a-a_/dlb4 ,union ,black,s1 #clb4 ,diam9e ,black ,b,h1 #a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 #a_/blb4 ,=myl ,violet,s#d;,b1 & #b-a_/boz4 ,alkal9e ,blue,b4 ,r$ ,plum4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #b-a_/blb4 ,oxydiam9e ,violet,b & #c-a_/doz4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b4 ,d>k ,gre54--,a f9e %ade c be dy$ 9 a ba? conta9+ #clb4 ,diam9e ,gre5,b & #a-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,black ,h,w4 ,d>k ,slate4--,use #dlb4 ,diam9e ,black ,h,w1 #boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 & #coz4 ,azo ,r$,a4 ,sage4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #dlb4 ,diam9e ,bronze,g & #a-a_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,a f9e d>k %ade is got f #b-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,br[n,v1 & #boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,peacock ,gre54--,use #c-c_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,/eel ,blue,l1 #acoz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 #ad-a_/boz4 ,?ioc>m9e,r1 & #b-a_/doz4 ,indian ,yell[,g 9 a ba? ( #dlb4 ,glaub]'s salt p] gallon ( dye-liquor4 ,d>k ,sea ,gre54--,use #ioz4 ,diam9e ,/eel ,blue,l1 #c-c_/doz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 #a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,orange,g1 #a-a_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 & #c_/doz4 ,indian ,yell[,g4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,use #alb4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #alb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 #ac-c_/doz4 ,union ,black,s1 #alb4 ,diam9e ,br[n,m1 & #a_/blb4 ,indian ,yell[,g4 ,fix 9 an alum ba? aft] dye+4 ,d>k ,/one4--,use #a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #c-c_/doz4 ,union ,black1 #a_/doz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,b1 #a-a_/boz4 ,azo ,r$,a1 & #c_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,black4--,a v f9e black c be got f #c-a_/blb4 ,oxydiam9e ,black ,r,m1 #blb4 ,union ,black,s1 #i-a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black & 7p4 #agh7 #doz4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 *rom+ aft] dye+ z describ$ above4 ,d>k ,grey4--,a f9e blui%1 %ade ( grey is got f #goz4 ,diam9e ,black ,b,h1 #b-a_/doz4 ,diam9e ,orange,g1 #b-a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 & #aoz4 ,orange ,e,n,z4 ,d>k ,blue4--,a f9e %ade is got by us+ #blb4 ,diam9e ,black ,b,h1 #a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,black ,h,w & #c-a_/boz4 ,alkal9e ,blue #f;,b4 ,drab4--,use #c-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #c_/doz4 ,union ,black1 #a_/hoz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,b1 #c_/doz4 ,azo ,r$,a1 & #a_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,plum4--,use #b-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,violet,n1 #i-a_/boz4 ,union ,black1 & #alb4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b4 ,bright ,yell[4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #dlb4 ,?i(lav9e,s1 #blb4 ,naph?ol ,yell[,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb1 acetic acid4 ,p9k4--,use #a_/foz4 ,diam9e ,rose ,b,d1 #a_/doz4 ,diam9e ,sc>let,b1 #a_/boz4 ,rhodam9e,b & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,sc>let4--,a f9e %ade is got f #a-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,sc>let,b1 #a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,r$ #e;,b & #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,orange4--,use a dye-ba? conta9+ #c-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,orange,g1 #ad-a_/boz4 ,tropol9e ,o,o1 & #b-c_/doz4 ,orange extra4 ,sky ,blue4--,use #a-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue & #a-a_/doz4 ,alkal9e ,blue,b4 ,bright ,blue4--,a f9e %ade simil> to t =m]ly kn[n z ,royal ,blue is got by us+ #a-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,brilliant ,blue,g1 & #i-a_/doz4 ,alkal9e ,blue #f;,b4 ,m>oon4--,use #clb4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,b1 #blb4 ,diam9e ,violet,n1 & #c-a_/doz4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b4 ,gre54--,a f9e gre5 simil> 9 %ade to t us$ = billi>d-table clo? is got f #blb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 #blb4 ,diam9e ,/eel ,blue,l1 #ad-a_/boz4 ,?ioc>m9e,r & #g-a_/d oz4 ,indian ,yell[,g4 ,gold ,br[n4--,a f9e br[n is got f #clb4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 7p4 #agi7 #a_/blb4 ,union ,black1 #b-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,br[n1 #c_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 & #a_/blb4 ,indian ,yell[,g4 ,navy ,blue4--,use #c-a_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,black ,b,h1 #a-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,brilliant ,blue,g1 & #a_/blb4 ,alkal9e ,blue4 ,fawn ,drab4--,a f9e %ade is got by dye+ 9 a ba? conta9+ #f-c_/doz4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #a-c_/dlb4 ,union ,black1 #a_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 #a_/doz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,b1 & #aoz4 ,azo ,r$,a4 ,9 all ^! col\rs ! dye-ba?s conta9 ,glaub]'s salt at ! rate ( #dlb4 p] #aj gallons4 ,d>k ,br[n4--#b-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #acoz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,b1 #a-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 #a-c_/dlb4 ,union ,black1 & #c-a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,black4 ,drab4--#a-c_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,r1 #c-a_/doz4 ,diam9e ,bordeaux,b1 #b-a_/boz4 ,union ,black1 #a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 & #a-a_/doz4 ,indian ,yell[,g4 ,d>k ,blue4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #d-a_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,d>k ,blue,b1 #a-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,brilliant ,blue,g1 #c_/dlb4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 & #eoz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,blue ,black4--,use #c-a_/dlb4 ,union ,black,s1 #a-a_/blb4 ,oxydiam9e ,black ,b,m1 #f-a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black1 & #a_/dlb4 ,=myl violet ,s#d;,b4 ,d>k ,walnut4--#b-c_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,br[n,m1 #a-a_/blb4 ,union ,black,s1 & #aa-a_/doz4 ,indian ,yell[,g4 ,peacock ,gre54--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #c-a_/blb4 ,diam9e ,black ,h,w1 #e-a_/foz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b1 #a-a_/blb4 ,?ioc>m9e,r1 & #a-a_/foz4 ,indian ,yell[,g4 ,slate ,blue4--,use 9 ! dye-ba? #f-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,cate*9e,b1 #d-c_/doz4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #b-a_/boz4 ,union ,black1 #b-c_/doz4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 & #a-c_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,d>k ,sage4--,a good %ade is dy$ ) #alb4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #f-a_/boz4 ,union ,black1 #a-c_/doz4 ,diam9e ,br[n,m1 #c-a_/doz4 ,azo ,r$,a1 & #b-a_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,navy ,blue4--,use #blb4 ,diam9e ,d>k ,blue,b1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,lanacyl 7p4 #ahj7 ,violet,b1 & #goz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,bronze ,gre54--,a good %ade is dy$ ) #blb4 ,diam9e ,orange,b1 #eoz4 ,diam9e ,br[n,n1 #c_/dlb4 ,union ,black,s1 #alb4 ,indian ,yell[,g1 & #boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,black4--,use #b-a_/blb4 ,oxydiam9e ,black ,b,m & #a-a_/blb4 ,naph?ylam9e ,black #f;,b4 ,ano!r recipe1 #b-a_/dlb4 ,oxydiam9e ,black ,b,m1 #alb4 ,diam9e ,br[n,m1 #alb4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 & #boz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,d>k ,br[n4--,use #a-a_/blb4 ,oxydiam9e ,black ,b,m1 #ae-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,br[n,m1 #a-c_/dlb4 ,indian ,yell[,g1 & #b-c_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,ano!r comb9ation1 #a-a_/blb4 ,oxydiam9e ,black ,b,m1 #a-a_/blb4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 #alb4 ,indian ,yell[,g1 & #eoz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black4 ,sc>let4--#clb4 ,b5zopurpur9e #d;,b1 #c_/doz4 ,ponceau #c,r,b1 & #a_/blb4 ,curcum9e,s4 ,crimson4--#a_/blb4 ,congo ,cor9?,g1 #blb4 ,b5zopurpur9e #aj;,b1 & #a_/blb4 ,curcum9e,s4 ,bright ,blue4--#blb4 ,*icago ,blue #f;,b1 #coz4 ,alkali ,blue #f;,b1 #a-a_/boz4 ,zambesi ,blue ,r,x4 ,aft] dye+1 r9se & develop 9 a ba? ( #hoz4 sulphuric acid 9 #aj gallons wat]1 !n r9se well4 ,d>k ,blue4--#b-a_/blb4 ,columbia ,fa/ ,blue #b;,g1 #coz4 ,sulphon ,azur9e,d1 #coz4 ,alkali ,blue #f;,b4 ,aft] dye+1 r9se & develop 9 a ba? ( #hoz4 sulphuric acid 9 #bj gallons ( wat]4 ,orange4--#ioz4 ,congo ,br[n,g1 #a-a_/blb4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o1 & #a-a_/boz4 ,m&>9e,g4 ,d>k ,gre54--#blb4 ,columbia ,gre51 #a_/blb4 ,sulphon ,azur9e,d1 #a_/blb4 ,zambesi ,blue ,b,x1 #a-a_/boz4 ,curcum9e,s4 ,black4--#dlb4 ,columbia ,black ,f,b1 & #blb4 ,wool ,black #f;,b4 ,pale ,sage ,gre54--#eoz4 ,zambesi ,black,d1 #c_/dlb4 ,*rysoph59e,g1 & #a-a_/blb4 ,curcum9e,s4 ,slate4--#a_/blb4 ,zambesi ,black,d1 #c_/doz4 ,zambesi ,blue ,r,x1 7p4 #aha7 #a_/boz4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o1 & #a-a_/boz4 ,acid ,violet #f;,b4 ,d>k ,grey4--#alb4 ,columbia ,black ,f,b1 #coz4 ,zambesi ,black,b1 & #c_/doz4 ,sulphon ,azur9e,d4 ,drab4--#a-a_/boz4 ,zambesi ,black,d1 #c_/doz4 ,m&>9e,g extra1 #a_/doz4 ,curcum9e extra1 & #coz4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o4 ,br[n4--#eoz4 ,zambesi ,black,d1 #c_/doz4 ,m&>9e,g extra1 #a-a_/boz4 ,orange ,t,a1 & #boz4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o4 ,nut ,br[n4--#c_/dlb4 ,congo ,br[n,g1 #a_/dlb4 ,*icago ,blue ,r,w1 & #c_/dlb4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o4 ,d>k ,br[n4--#alb4 ,congo ,br[n,g1 #a-a_/blb4 ,b5zopurpur9e #d;,b1 #a-a_/blb4 ,zambesi ,black,f1 & #a_/blb4 ,wool ,black #f;,b4 ,/one4--#aoz4 ,zambesi ,black,d1 #a_/doz4 ,m&>9e,g1 #a_/doz4 ,curcum9e extra1 & #a-a_/doz4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o4 ,slate ,gre54--#coz4 ,zambesi ,black ,d1 #a-a_/boz4 ,gu9ea ,gre5,b4 ,sage ,br[n4--#a_/blb4 ,zambesi ,black,d1 #a-a_/boz4 ,m&>9e,g extra1 #coz4 ,curcum9e extra1 #coz4 ,acid ,violet #f;,b1 #foz4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o1 & #d-a_/boz4 ,curcum9e,s4 ,cornfl[] ,blue4--#coz4 ,*icago ,blue #d,r1 #a_/dlb4 ,zambesi ,blue ,r,x1 #a_/dlb4 ,acid ,violet #f;,b1 & #c_/doz4 ,zambesi ,br[n,g4 ,d>k ,br[n4--#a-a_/blb4 ,brilliant ,orange,g1 #a_/blb4 ,orange ,t,a1 #alb4 ,columbia ,black ,f,b1 & #a_/dlb4 ,wool ,black #f;,b4 ,d>k ,blue4--#blb4 ,*icago ,blue ,r,w1 #alb4 ,zambesi ,blue ,r,x1 #a_/blb4 ,columbia ,black ,f,b1 #ajoz4 ,gu9ea ,gre5,b1 & #a_/blb4 ,gu9ea ,violet #d;,b4 ,! ,janus dyes may be us$ = ! dye+ ( half wool union fabrics4 ,! be/ plan ( work+ is to prep>e a ba? ) #elb4 ( sulphate ( z9c4 ,9 ?is ! goods are work$ at ! boil = five m9utes1 !n !re is add$ ! dyes 7previ\sly dissolv$ 9 wat]71 & ! work+ cont9u$ = a qu>t] ( an h\r2 !n !re is add$ #bjlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & ! work+ at ! boil cont9u$ = "o h\r1 7p4 #ahb7 at ! end ( :i* "t ! dye-ba? w be fairly well exhau/$ ( col\r4 ,! goods are n[ tak5 out & put into a fix+ ba? ( sumac or tann91 9 :i* !y are treat$ = fifte5 m9utes4 ,to ?is same ba? !re is next add$ t>t> emetic & #alb4 sulphuric acid1 & ! work+ cont9u$ = a qu>t] ( an h\r2 !n ! ba? is heat$ to #afj;,f41 :5 ! goods are lift$1 r9s$ & dri$4 ,9 ! recipes ! quantities ( dyes1 sumac or tann91 & t>t> emetic only are giv51 ! o!r +r$i5ts & processes are ! same 9 all4 ,d>k ,blue4--#b-a_/dlb4 ,janus ,d>k ,blue,b1 & #a_/blb4 ,janus ,gre5,b1 9 ! dye-ba?2 #aflb4 sumac extract & #blb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+ ba?4 ,blue ,black4--#c-a_/blb ,janus ,black,i & #a_/clb4 ,janus ,black,i,i 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #aflb4 sumac extract & #blb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+ ba?4 ,d>k ,br[n4--#b-a_/blb4 ,janus ,br[n,b1 #alb4 ,janus ,black,i1 #c-a_/boz4 ,janus ,yell[,g1 & #eoz4 ,janus ,r$,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #aflb4 sumac extract & #blb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+ ba?4 ,drab4--#a-a_/boz4 ,janus ,yell[,r1 #a_/doz4 ,janus ,r$,b1 #aoz4 ,janus ,blue,r1 & #a_/doz4 ,janus ,grey ,b,b1 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #dlb4 sumac extract & #alb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,grey4--#eoz4 ,janus ,blue,r1 #c-a_/doz4 ,janus ,grey,b1 #a-a_/boz4 ,janus ,yell[,r1 & #a_/doz4 ,janus ,r$,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #dlb4 sumac extract & #alb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,nut ,br[n4--#alb4 ,janus ,br[n,r1 #hoz4 ,janus ,yell[,r1 & #a-a_/boz4 ,janus ,blue,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #hlb4 sumac extract & #alb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,walnut ,br[n4--#clb4 ,janus ,br[n,b1 #alb4 ,janus ,r$,b1 #alb4 ,janus ,yell[,r1 & #a-a_/doz4 ,janus ,gre5,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #hlb4 sumac extract & #alb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,crimson4--#b-a_/blb4 ,janus ,r$,b1 & #hoz4 ,janus ,cl>et ,r$,b 7p4 #ahc7 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #hlb4 sumac extract & #alb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,d>k ,gre54--#a-a_/blb4 ,janus ,gre5 ,b1 #alb4 ,janus ,yell[,r1 & #hoz4 ,janus ,grey,b 9 ! dye-ba?1 ) #dlb4 sumac extract & #a-a_/dlb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,*e/nut ,br[n4--#alb4 ,janus ,br[n,r & #alb4 ,janus ,yell[,r 9 ! dye-ba?1 & #hlb4 sumac extract & #alb4 t>t> emetic 9 ! fix+-ba?4 ,be=e ! introduction ( ! direct dyes ! me?od usually foll[$1 & inde$ is n[ to a great ext5t1 is t kn[n z ,cross-dye+4 ,! goods 7 wov5 ) dy$ cotton ?reads ( ! requir$ %ade & undy$ wooll5 ?reads2 aft] weav+ & cleans+ ! wooll5 "p ( ! fabric 0 dy$ ) acid dyes su* z ,acid ,mag5ta1 ,sc>let ,r1 ,acid ,yell[1 etc4 ,9 su* me?ods c>e has to be tak5 t ! dyes us$ = dye+ ! cotton are su* z /& acids1 a by no means easy condition to fulfil at "o "t4 ,_m ( ! direct dyes are fa/ to acids & !re=e l5d !mselves m or less readily to cross-dye+4 ,= details ( ! dyes = cotton ref]5ce may be made to ! sections on dye+ ) ! direct col\rs 9 ! companion volume to ?is book on ,dye+ ( ,cotton ,fabrics4 ,%ot ,effects4--,a pleas+ k9d ( textile fabric :i* is n[ made & is a great fav\rite = ladies' dress goods is :]e ! cotton ( a mix$ fabric is ?r[n up to =m a figur$ design4 ,x is possible to dye ! two fibres 9 diff]5t col\rs & s produce a v>iety ( %ot effects4 ,^! latt] are s endless t x is impossible "h to enum]ate all t may be produc$4 ,x w h to suffice to lay d[n ! l9es :i* may be foll[$ to ! be/ advantage1 & !n give "s recipes to illu/rate ! rem>ks t h be5 made4 ,! be/ plan = ! production ( %ot effects ^u union fabrics is to take advantage ( ! prop]ty ( c]ta9 acid dyes :i* dye only 7p4 #ahd7 ! wool 9 an acid ba? & ( _m ( ! direct col\rs :i* w only dye ! cotton 9 an alkal9e ba?4 ,! process1 work+ on ^! l9es1 becomes z foll[s3 ,! wool is fir/ dy$ 9 an acid ba? ) ! addition ( ,glaub]'s salt & bisulphate ( soda or sulphuric acid1 ! goods are !n wa%$ ) wat] conta9+ a little ammonia to free !m f ! acid & aft]w>ds dy$ ) ! direct col\r 9 an alkal9e ba?4 ,fancy or ! mode %ades are obta9$ by comb9+ suitable dye-/uffs4 ,if ! cotton is to be dy$ 9 light %ades x is advantage\s to dye on ! liquor at #fe to #hj;,f41 ) ! addition ( #c-a_/doz4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & f #bj to #dj gra9s borax p] gallon wat]4 ,! addition ( an alkali is advisable 9 ord] to neutralise slight quantities ( acid :i* may h rema9$ 9 ! wool1 & to prev5t ! dye-/uff f dye+ ! cotton too deep a %ade4 ,v light %ades c also be done on ! padd+ ma*9e4 ,! dye-/uffs ( ,gr\p 7#b71 :i* h be5 previ\sly enum]at$1 d n /a9 ! wool at all or only v slightly & are !re=e ! mo/ suitable4 ,less bright effects c be produc$ by simply dye+ ! goods 9 "o ba?4 ,! wool is fir/ dy$ at ! boil ) ! wool dye-/uff 9 a neutral ba?1 ! /eam is !n %ut (f & ! cotton dy$ by add+ ! cotton dye-/uff to ! ba? & dye+ )\t aga9 heat+4 ,by pass+ ! goods ?r\gh cold wat] to :i* "s sulphuric or acetic acid is add$ ! brightness ( mo/ effects is greatly increas$4 ,gold & ,gre54--,fir/ ba?1 #alb4 ,cyanole extra1 #g-a_/doz4 ,acid ,gre51 #a-a_/boz4 ,orange ,g,g1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda2 "w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n lift & r9se well4 ,second ba?1 #dlb4 ,diam9e ,orange,g & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 "w 9 ! cold or at a lukew>m heat4 ,?ird ba? at #abj;,f41 #doz4 ,*rysoid9e & #a_/doz4 ,safran9e4 ,black & ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 #c-a_/blb4 ,naph?ol ,black #c;,b & 7p4 #ahe7 #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #blb4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue & #aclb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,?ird ba?1 #f-a_/boz4 ,new ,me?yl5e ,blue,n2 "w z 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,gre5 & ,cl>et4--,fir/ ba?1 #c-a_/blb4 ,naph?ol ,r$,c & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #blb4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue ,f,f1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,?i(lav9e,s1 & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,gold ,br[n & ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 #b-a_/boz4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 #a-a_/boz4 ,orange ,g,g1 #a_/doz4 ,cyanole extra1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #adoz4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue ,f,f & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,d>k ,br[n & ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 #a_/blb4 ,orange ,g,g1 #a-a_/b oz4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 #a-a_/boz4 ,cyanole extra & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #aboz4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue ,f,f & #ae lb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,black & ,gre5 ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 #clb4 ,orange ,g,g1 #alb4 ,brilliant co*9eal #d,r1 #alb4 ,fa/ ,acid ,gre5 ,b,n1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,second ba?1 #a-c_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue ,f,f1 #c-a_/dlb4 ,?i(lav9e,s1 & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,we may "h note t 9 all ! above recipes ! second ba? 7= dye+ ! cotton7 %\ld be us$ cold or at a lukew>m heat1 & z /rong z possible4 ,x is n completely exhau/$ ( col\r1 only ab\t "o-half go+ on ! fibre4 ,if kept z a /&+ ba? ?is feature %\ld be borne 9 m9d & less dye-/uff us$ 9 ! dye+ ( ! second & foll[+ lots ( goods4 ,blue & ,gold ,yell[4--#clb4 ,diam9e ,orange,g1 #acoz4 ,naph?ol ,blue,g1 #ad-a_/boz4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 "w at j "u ! boil4 ,br[n & ,blue4---#alb4 ,diam9e ,/eel ,blue,l1 #i-a_/boz4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue1 #alb4 ,orange ,e,n,z1 #alb4 ,indian ,yell[,g1 #a-c_/doz4 ,naph?ol ,blue ,black & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,"w at #agj to #ahj;,f4 ,9 ^! two la/ recipes only "o ba? is us$1 all ! dyes 7p4 #ahf7 be+ add$ at once4 ,?is is possible if c>e be tak5 t dye-/uffs are us$ :i* w dye wool & n cotton f neutral ba?s & dyes :i* dye cotton bett] ?an wool4 ,! temp]ature %\ld also be kept bel[ ! boil & c>efully regulat$ z ! op]ation proce$s & ! results beg9 to %[ !mselves4 ,grey & ,orange4--,fir/ ba?1 #coz4 ,orange extra1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,cyanole extra1 #aalb4 ,azo ,r$,a1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #eoz4 ,diam9e ,orange ,d,c & #coz4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,b4 ,gre5 & ,r$4--,fir/ ba?1 #blb4 ,croce9e ,a,z & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,second ba?1 #alb4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue ,f,f1 #a_/blb4 ,?i(lav9e,s1 & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,br[n & ,violet4--,fir/ ba?1 #c_/dlb4 ,orange extra1 #c_/dlb4 ,cyanole extra1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #eoz4 ,diam9e ,brilliant ,blue,g & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,black & ,yell[4--,fir/ ba?1 #glb4 ,naph?ol ,black,b1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[,s1 & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #clb4 ,diam9e ,fa/ ,yell[,a & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,black & ,p9k4--,black z above4 ,p9k ) ,diam9e ,rose ,b,d 7see above74 ,gre5 & ,buff4--,fir/ ba?1 #a_/dlb4 ,orange extra1 #c_/doz4 ,fa/ ,yell[,s & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #c_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue ,f,f1 #a_/blb4 ,?i(lav9e,s1 & #aelb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,orange & ,violet4--,fir/ ba?1 #ioz4 ,orange extra & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,second ba?1 #c_/dlb4 ,diam9e ,violet,n & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt4 ,black & ,blue4--,fir/ ba?1 ,naph?ol ,black1 z giv5 above4 ,second ba?1 ,diam9e ,sky ,blue1 z giv5 above4 ,black & ,yell[4--,add fir/ #alb4 ,wool ,black #f;,b & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n :5 ! wool has be5 dy$ add #blb4 ,curcum9e,s to dye ! cotton 9 ! same ba?4 ,gre5 & ,r$4--,dye ! wool by us+ #clb4 ,gu9ea ,gre5 ,b1 7p4 #ahg7 #a_/dlb4 ,curcum9e extra1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n add to ! ba? #c_/dlb4 ,erika ,b,n & #c_/dlb4 ,congo ,cor9?,g4 ,orange & ,blue4--,dye ! wool fir/ ) #a-a_/dlb4 ,m&>9e,g1 #boz4 ,wool ,black #f;,b1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 !n ! cotton ) #blb4 ,columbia ,blue,g4 ,blue & ,orange4--,dye ! wool fir/ ) #c_/dlb4 ,gu9ea ,violet,b1 #c_/dlb4 ,gu9ea ,gre5,b1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 !n dye ! cotton ) #blb4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o4 ,gre5 & ,orange4--,dye ! wool ) #clb4 ,gu9ea ,gre5,b1 #a_/dlb4 ,curcum9e extra & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 !n dye ! cotton 9 ! same ba? ) #a-a_/blb4 ,mikado ,orange #d,r,o4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 7p4 #ahh7 ,,dye+ ,,( ,,gloria4 ,gloria is a mat]ial :i* dur+ ! la/ few ye>s has become ( consid]able importance z furni%+ a f9e lu/r\s fabric at a comp>atively l[ price4 ,! p]fection to :i* ! art ( dye+ has atta9$ & ! facilities n[ available to ! dy]1 enable ?is to be produc$ m beautiful ?an ev]1 & naturally an increas$ dem& = x z a dress fabric has develop$4 ,gloria is wov5 f ! two fibres1 wool & silk1 ( a f9e texture to enable x to be us$ 9 ! place ( a silk fabric4 ,=m]ly x 0 usually wov5 ) ! wool & silk y>ns already dy$1 especially :5 a %ot effect 0 to be produc$1 ?is be+ done by a twill weave ( ! fabric & by ! use ( y>ns ( two v diff]5t col\rs 9 ! case ( %ot fabrics4 ,by ! introduction ( dye-/uffs d]iv$ f coal t> ! clo? is n[ dy$ aft] be+ wov51 c>e be+ tak5 to *oose ^? :i* w dye ! two fibres equally well :5 self-%ades are want$1 or ^? :i* w dye "o fibre bett] ?an ! o!r1 & ?us all[ a wov5 piece ( gloria to be dy$ ( two diff]5t col\rs4 ,z mo/ dy]s "k1 ! mo/ brilliant effects are obta9$ :5 ! f9i%$ wov5 piece c be dy$4 ,!n all ! grease & dirt :i* has become atta*$ to x dur+ ! op]ations ( sp9n+ ! y>ns & weav+ ! pieces c be remov$ be=e dye+1 ?us leav+ ! fabric 9 a p]fectly clean condition4 ,?us no aft] cleans+ is requir$1 :]eas :5 ! 7p4 #ahi7 fibres are dy$ 9 ! y>n ! goods mu/ be cleans$ aft] weav+ to free !m f dirt1 & su* clean+ has a some:at delet]i\s effect ^u ! brilliancy ( ! col\r ( ! f9i%$ fabric1 m especially 9 ! case ( light col\rs4 ,gloria may be 9 "o col\r only1 a self-col\r z x is call$2 ?is case is comp>atively simple1 ! only c>e t is requir$ be+ to select dyes :i* h an equal aff9ity = ! two fibres or :i* give b slightly diff]5t %ades4 ,/ill1 "s good effects are obta9$ :5 dyes are us$ :i* dye ! silk & wool diff]5t col\rs b give ! comb9$ effect ( a self-col\r4 ,or ! fibre may be purposely dy$ 9 two diff]5t col\rs 9 "s cases to give ! %ot effect4 ,?is is mu* m tr\blesome1 b ) a little c>e c be c>ri$ out ) good results4 ,! dyes available = dye+ gloria may be classifi$1 accord+ to _! behavi\r 9 reg>d to _! dye+ ( ! two fibres1 into ?ree gr\ps z foll[s3-- ,gr\p ,a4--,^? :i* w dye ! two fibres ( equal %ade4 ,gr\p ,b4--,^? :i* w dye ! wool at boil+ heat m readily ?an ! silk4 ,gr\p ,c4--,^? :i* w dye ! silk only 9 a cold ba?4 ,gr\p ,a consi/s ( ^? dyes :i* c be us$ 9 dye+ self-col\rs on gloria f acid ba?s4 ,x includes ,alkali ,blue1 ,naph?ylam9e ,blacks1 ,naph?ol ,gre5,b1 ,indian ,yell[1 ,croce9e ,a,z1 ,croce9e ,orange1 ,orange,r1 ,brilliant ,croce9e,m1 ,rose ,b5gale1 ,?ioc>m9e,r1 ,soluble ,blue1 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 ,acid ,gre51 ,croce9e ,orange,g1 ,c>mois91 ,acid ,violet #e;,b1 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet #aj;,b1 ,fa/ ,gre5 ,blui%1 ,rhodam9e1 ,silk ,blue1 ,victoria ,black1 ,ar*il1 ,turm]ic1 ,safran9e1 ,auram9e1 ,qu9ol9e ,yell[1 ,az(lav9e1 ,victoria ,blue & ,bism>ck ,br[n4 ,gr\p ,b comprises ^? dye-/uffs :i* 9 a boil+ acid 7p4 #aij7 ba? dye ! wool deep] ?an ! silks1 9 o!r words h m aff9ity = ! wool ?an ! silk1 ,tropol9e,o1 ,acid ,mag5ta1 ,indigo ,extract1 ,phlox9e1 ,naph?ol ,yell[1 ,orange ,g,g1 ,sc>let,s1 ,azo ,r$,a1 ,eos9es1 ,?ioc>m9e,r1 ,naph?ol ,black ,b,b1 ,new ,victoria ,black ,blue1 ,ery?ros9e1 & ,roccell9e4 ,! silk becomes t9t$ to a m or less ext5t :5 9 su* a ba?1 b (t5 ! col\r is readily remov$ ei!r by subsequ5t passage ?r\gh boil+ wat] or ?r\gh hot soap liquor4 ,a v good cle>+ c be effect$ by ! use ( a ba? ( acetate ( ammonia4 ,naph?ol ,yell[1 = in/ance1 only imp>ts a v fa9t %ade ( yell[ :5 ?us dy$1 & ?is is easily remov$ by boil+-wat] treatm5t4 ,gr\p ,c4--,^? dye-/uffs :i* w dye ! silk m readily 9 a cold ba? ?an ! wool4 ,^! comprise mo/ ( ! basic dyes1 su* z ,?i(lav9e,t1 ,safran9e1 ,brilliant ,gre51 ,me?yl ,violet1 ,mag5ta1 ,new ,me?yl5e ,blue1 ,bism>ck ,br[n1 ,rose ,b5gale1 ,phlox9e1 ,acid ,gre5s1 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 ,rhodam9e1 ,solid ,blue1 etc4 ,gloria may be dy$ ei!r by a "o-ba? or two-ba? process1 & ei!r "o or two col\rs1 z may be requir$4 ,9 bo? cases advantage may be tak5 ( ! diff]5t aff9ities ( ! two fibres = ! dye-/uffs us$1 z1 = in/ance1 ! silk may be dy$ br[n1 ! wool olive by us+ a mixture ( ,acid ,yell[1 ,indigo extract & ,orange,g4 ,indigo extract1 ,co*9eal1 ,acid ,mag5ta1 ,picric acid1 ,naph?ol ,yell[1 & ,t>traz9e dye ! wool only at ! boil4 ,! foll[+ recipes w s]ve to illu/rate ! =ego+ rem>ks & %[ h[ ?is important fabric may be dy$3-- ,deep ,gold4--,! dye-ba? is made f #blb4 ,indian ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 dy$ at ! boil4 ,9 ?is & foll[+ recipes ! quantities are = #ajjlb4 ,orange4--,! dye-ba? is made ) #blb4 ,indian ,yell[1 #ailb4 7p4 #aia7 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,sc>let4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,sc>let #c,r1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,ano!r sc>let is got f #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,ano!r sc>let is got f #blb4 ,croce9e ,sc>let #c;,b1 #blb4 sulphuric acid1 & #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt2 by us+ ! #e;,b ,sc>let a blu] %ade c be dy$4 ,azo ,co*9eal also dyes a f9e sc>let on gloria4 ,crimson4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,c>mois9,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! #g;,b ,croce9e ,sc>let also dyes a f9e crimson ( a m fi]y tone ?an ! la/1 :ile #b-a_/blb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g dyes a blu] %ade ( crimson4 ,rose4--,a f9e rose is obta9$ ) #blb4 ,rhodam9e,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & a little acetic acid4 #alb4 ,phlox9e dyes a f9e deep rose2 ! silk comes out a pal] col\r ?an ! wool1 b ! g5]al effect is good4 ,deep ,m>oon4--,make ! dye-ba? f #a-a_/blb4 ,croce9e ,a,z1 #a_/blb4 ,indian ,yell[1 #a_/dlb4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,ent] ! goods1 "w at ! boil = an h\r1 !n cool d[n to #abj;,f41 ent] an equal quantity ( dye-/uff & "w = an h\r long]4 ,pale ,m>oon4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,azo ,bordeaux1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,black4--,prep>e ! dye-ba? ) #elb4 ,naph?ylam9e ,black,d1 #alb4 ,acid ,gre5,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid2 "w at ! boil = tw5ty m9utes1 !n all[ to cool to #abj or #acj;,f41 !n "w an h\r long]4 ,ano!r black c be dy$ 9 a simil> way f #elb4 ,victoria ,black,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,violet4--,use #blb4 ,acid ,violet #e;,b1 or #blb4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,fa/ ,acid ,violet #aj;,b gives a blu] %ade ?an ! above4 ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #blb4 ,acid ,gre5 ,g,g1 #ajlb4 7p4 #aib7 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil4 ,?is gives a bright yell[ %ade ( gre52 a blu] %ade c be got f ,acid ,gre5 #f;,b or ,acid ,gre5,b1 :ile ,fa/ ,gre5 ,blui% gives v blue gre5s4 ,co]uleum ,blue4--,dye ) #c_/dlb4 ,silk ,blue ,b,e,s1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid2 ?is gives a v f9e bright blue4 ,deep ,indigo ,blue4--,dye ) #d-a_/blb4 ,solid ,blue,r1 #blb4 ,?ioc>m9e,r pa/e1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,deep ,violet ,br[n4--,dye ) #clb4 ,croce9e ,a,z1 #a-a_/dlb4 ,indian ,yell[1 #a-c_/dlb4 ,=myl ,violet ,s#d;,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid = an h\r at ! boil1 & = an h\r at #abj;,f4 ,blue ,black4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #elb4 ,new ,victoria ,blue ,black1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil4 ,ano!r plan is to use #elb4 ,naph?ylam9e ,black #d;,b & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda4 ,d>k ,grey4--,prep>e a dye-ba? ) #clb4 ,naph?ol ,black #c;,b1 #dlb4 ,naph?ol ,gre5,b1 #alb4 ,am>an?1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #hlb4 copp]as1 & #clb4 sulphuric acid1 work+ at ! boil = an h\r & !n r9s+ 9 wat] to :i* a little acetate ( ammonia has be5 add$4 ,! silk is dy$ grey & ! wool a black4 ,br[n4--,a f9e yell[ br[n %ot ) lilac is obta9$ by fir/ dye+ 9 a ba? ( #elb4 ,naph?ol ,yell[1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,wa% 9 hot wat]1 !n dye ) #b-a_/blb4 ,solid ,blue ,p,g1 #a-a_/boz4 ,me?yl ,violet ,b,o1 & #elb4 acetic acid 9 ! cold4 ,wool1 ,orange2 ,silk1 ,pale ,gre54--,dye ! wool ) #a-a_/blb4 ,orange ,g,g1 #foz4 ,naph?ol ,gre5,b1 #b-a_/boz4 ,naph?ol ,r$,c1 #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid2 & ! silk ) #a_/blb4 ,mill+ ,yell[ & #a_/blb4 ,acid ,gre54 ,wool1 ,black2 ,silk1 ,light ,grey4--,dye 9 a ba? ) #elb4 7p4 #aic7 ,an?rac5e ,acid ,black ,s,t1 #d-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,yell[,s1 #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! silk is clean$ by boil+ = t5 m9utes 9 a soap ba?4 ,wool1 ,bright ,r$2 ,silk1 ,blu% ,rose4--,! gloria silk is dy$ 9 a ba? ( #clb4 ,naph?ol ,r$,o1 #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,aft] dye+1 soap = t5 m9utes4 ,wool1 ,black2 ,silk1 ,gre54--,dye ! wool 9 a ba? conta9+ #elb4 ,an?rac5e ,acid ,black ,s,t1 #eoz4 ,fa/ ,yell[,s1 #blb4 oxalic acid1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #aelb4 acetic acid4 ,"w ! goods 9 ?is at ! boil = an h\r1 !n lift1 add #c_/dlb4 bi*romate ( pota%1 & boil = tw5ty m9utes long]4 ,clean ! silk by boil+ 9 a ba? ( soap = tw5ty m9utes1 !n dye 9 a cold ba? conta9+ #alb4 ,?i(lav9e,t & #alb4 ,brilliant ,gre54 ,wool1 ,d>k ,m>oon2 ,silk1 ,pale ,blue4--,aft] ! mann] describ$ 9 ! fir/ recipe1 dye ! wool ) #alb4 ,orange ,g,g1 #clb4 ,naph?ol ,gre5,b1 #blb4 ,brilliant ,co*9eal #b,r1 #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,dye ! silk ) #a-a_/blb4 ,pure ,blue ,o,t4 ,wool1 ,violet2 ,silk1 ,gre54--,make ! dye-ba? ) #alb4 ,acid ,violet #d;,b1 #ioz4 ,indigot9e extra1 #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! dye+ is c>ri$ on at ! boil until ! ba? is exhau/$ ( col\r1 :]eupon ! goods are well r9s$ 9 wat]4 ,!y are next soap$ at #afj;,f4 = t5 m9utes 9 a liquor conta9+ #a_/boz4 soap p] gallon1 !n r9s$4 ,next a dye-ba? is made ) #alb4 ,acid ,gre51 #hoz4 ,mill+ ,yell[,o1 & #alb4 acetic acid1 ! goods be+ treat$ 9 ?is 9 ! cold until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$1 !n lift$1 r9s$ & dri$4 ,violet & ,p9k4--,a f9e effect ( violet %ot ) p9k is obta9$ by dye+ 9 a ba? ( #a-a_/blb4 ,indigo extract1 #a_/blb4 ,rhodam9e,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,br[n ,olive & ,gre5 is dy$ 9 a ba? made ) #alb4 7p4 #aid7 ,qu9ol9e ,yell[1 #alb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #a_/dlb4 ,fa/ ,gre5 ,blui%1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,by us+ ab\t half ! above quantities ( dye-/uffs a drab effect %ot ) gre5 c be obta9$4 ,crimson & ,gre54--,! fir/ ba? is made f #dlb4 ,azo ,r$,a & #ajlb4 bisulphate ( soda1 work$ = an h\r at ! boil2 !n treat 9 a weak ba? ( acetate ( ammonia2 & dye ! silk 9 a cold ba? ( #boz4 ,solid ,gre5 ,cry/als1 #a_/dlb4 ,?i(lav9e,t1 & #elb4 acetic acid4 ,violet & ,p9k4--,dye 9 a ba? ( #a-a_/dlb4 ,indigo extract1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,br[n & ,p9k4--,?is is dy$ 9 a ba? made f #a-a_/dlb4 ,fa/ ,yell[1 #eoz4 ,rhodam9e,b1 #a_/dlb4 indigo extract1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & #blb4 sulphuric acid4 ,! silk dyes a pale p9k :ile ! g5]al effect is t ( a f9e fawn br[n ) a r$di% %ot effect4 ,d>k ,gre5 & ,pale ,crimson4--,?is is done 9 two ba?s1 ! fir/ is made ) #hlb4 ,naph?ol ,gre5,b1 #ajlb4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #clb4 sulphuric acid1 & #glb4 copp]as1 work+ at ! boil2 !n treat ) hot wat] & dye 9 a fre% ba? ) #foz4 ,safran9e ,prima & #elb4 acetic acid 9 ! cold4 ,! comb9$ effect ( ! two is t ( a br[n %ot ) gre54 ,orange & ,gre54--,?is gives a spl5did %ot effect & is dy$ z foll[s4 ,"w = an h\r at ! boil1 = ?irty m9utes 9 a ba? ( boil+ wat]1 !n ent] into a cold ba? ( #eoz4 ,?i(lav9e,t1 #coz4 ,brilliant ,gre51 & #clb4 acetic acid2 "w = ?irty m9utes1 or until %ade is obta9$4 ,orange & ,blue4--,use fir/ dye-ba? z 9 ! la/1 !n1 aft] wa%+ 9 hot wat]1 dye 9 a ba? ( #boz4 ,new ,me?yl5e ,blue,n1 & #clb4 acetic acid4 ,silk1 ,sky ,blue2 ,wool1 ,drab4--,make a dye-ba? ) #bjlb4 acetic acid1 #c_/doz4 ,indigot9e1 #coz4 ,fa/ ,yell[ extra & #boz4 ,azo 7p4 #aie7 ,fu*s9e,g4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r at #ajj;,f41 !n pass into a ba? ( #c_/doz4 ,turquoise ,blue ,b,b1 & #blb4 acetic acid1 work+ = half an h\r at #hj4 ,silk1 ,p9k2 ,wool1 ,pale ,blue4--,make a dye-ba? ) #aelb4 acetic acid & #d-a_/boz4 ,indigot9e4 ,"w at ! boil = an h\r1 !n pass into a bran ba? z be=e2 next ent] into a dye-ba? at #hj to #ij ( #c_/doz4 ,brilliant ,rhodul9e ,r,b1 #a-a_/boz4 ,auram9e ,i,i1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,silk1 ,gre52 ,wool1 ,d>k ,crimson4--,! fir/ ba? is made f #clb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #alb4 ,indian ,yell[,g & #bjlb4 acetic acid2 !n foll[s ! bran & ! f9al dye-ba?1 :i* is made f #a-a_/boz4 ,imp]ial ,gre5 ,g,i1 & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,silk1 ,orange2 ,wool1 ,black4--,a dye-ba? is made f #blb4 ,indigot9e1 #blb4 ,indian ,yell[,g1 #a_/blb4 ,rhodam9e,g1 & #bj lb4 acetic acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,silk1 ,light ,gre52 ,wool1 ,d>k ,blue4--,make a dye-ba? f #a_/blb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #blb4 ,fa/ ,light ,gre51 & #bjlb4 acetic acid4 ,"w at ! boil to %ade2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,silk1 ,yell[2 ,wool1 ,t]ra ,cotta4--,a dye-ba? is made f #a-a_/boz4 ,indigot9e1 #c_/dlb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #ioz4 ,indian ,yell[,r1 & #bjlb4 acetic acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r2 !n lift1 wa% & dry4 ,silk1 ,light ,sea ,gre52 ,wool1 ,pale ,sage4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[ extra1 #coz4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #a-a_/boz4 ,fa/ ,gre5 blui%1 & #bjlb4 acetic acid4 ,"w z 9 ! la/ recipe4 ,silk1 ,light ,gre52 ,wool1 ,br[n4--,make ! dye-ba? ) #a lb4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 #b-a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,yell[ extra1 #a_/blb4 ,fa/ ,gre5 blui%1 & #bjlb4 acetic acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r4 ,silk1 ,pale ,blue2 ,wool1 ,crimson4--,make a dye-ba? ) #b lb4 7p4 #aif7 ,azo ,crimson,l & #bjlb4 acetic acid4 ,"w at ! boil = "o h\r1 !n pass into a bran ba? = half an h\r at #ij;,f41 & into ano!r ba? conta9+ #a_/blb4 ,turquoise ,blue,g1 & #blb4 acetic acid1 at #ij;,f41 = half an h\r2 !n wa% & dry4 ,silk1 ,light ,drab2 ,wool1 ,lav5d]4--,make ! fir/ dye-ba? f #coz4 ,indigot9e1 #boz4 ,azo ,fu*s9e,g1 & #bjlb4 acetic acid4 ,aft] work+ an h\r at ! boil1 pass into a bran ba? = half an h\r1 aft]w>ds topp+ ) #a-a_/boz4 ,bism>ck ,br[n,r & #blb4 acetic acid4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 7p4 #aig7 ,,op]ations ,,foll[+ ,,dye+3 ,,wa%+1 ,,soap+1 ,,dry+4 ,aft] loose wool1 or wooll5 y>ns or piece goods ( e description h be5 dy$1 be=e !y c be s5t out = sale !y h to pass ?r\gh v>i\s op]ations ( a purify+ "*4 ,!re are "s op]ations ?r\gh :i* clo?s pass t h z _! object ! imp>t+ ( a c]ta9 appe>ance & texture to !m1 ^! are g5]ally kn[n z f9i%+ processes1 ( ^! x is n int5d$ "h to speak1 b only ( ^? :i* prec$e !m b foll[ on ! dye+ op]ations4 ,^! processes are usually ( a v simple "*1 & common to mo/ col\rs :i* are dy$1 & "h w be notic$ ! appliances & manipulations necess>y 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ^! op]ations4 ,squeez+ or ,wr++4--,x is advisable :5 ! goods are tak5 out ( ! dye-ba? to squeeze or wr+ !m accord+ to circum/ances 9 ord] to express out all surplus dye-liquor1 :i* c be return$ to ! dye-ba? if ne$ful to be us$ aga94 ,?is is an economical proce$+ 9 _m cases1 especially 9 work+ ) _m ( ! old tann9 mat]ials1 l sumac1 divi-divi1 myrobalans1 & ! mod]n direct dyes1 :i* dur+ ! dye+ op]ations are n completely extract$ out ( ! ba?1 or 9 o!r words ! dye-ba? is n exhau/$ ( col\r+ matt]1 & !re=e x c be us$ aga9 = ano!r lot ( goods simply by add+ fre% mat]ial to make up = t absorb$ by ! fir/ lot4 ,loose wool & loose cotton are some:at difficult to deal ) by 7p4 #aih7 squeez+ or wr++1 b ! mat]ial may be pass$ ?r\gh a pair ( squeez+ roll]s su* z are %[n 9 figure #bd1 :i* w be m fully dealt ) lat] on4 ,y>ns 9 ,hanks4--,9 ! h&-dye+ process ( hank-dye+ ! hanks are wrung by plac+ "o end ( ! hank on a wr++-horse plac$ ov] ! dye-tub1 & a dye-/ick 9 ! o!r end ( ! hank1 giv+ two or ?ree %>p pulls to /raight5 out ! y>n & !n twi/+ ! /ick r\nd2 ! twi/+ ( ! y>ns puts "s pressure on ! fibres ?or\ghly & uni=mly squeez+ out ! surplus liquor f ! y>n4 ,hank-,wr++ ,ma*9es4--,sev]al =ms ( hank-wr++ ma*9es h be5 devis$4 ,"o ma*9e consi/s ( a pair ( discs fitt$ on an axle1 ^! discs c>ry /rong hooks on :i* ! hanks are plac$4 ,! op]ator places a hank on a pair ( ! hooks4 ,! discs revolve & c>ry r\nd ! hank1 dur+ ! revolution ! hank is twi/$ & ! surplus liquor wrung out1 :5 ! revolution ( ! discs c>ries ! hank to ! spot :]e x ent]$ ! ma*9e1 ! hooks fly back to _! orig9al position1 ! hank unw9ds1 x is !n remov$ & a new hank put 9 its place1 & s ! ma*9e works on1 hanks be+ put on & tak5 (f z requir$4 ,! capacity ( su* a ma*9e is great & ! effici5cy ( its work+ good4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,sp5c]1 ( ,:itefield1 makes a hank-wr++ ma*9e :i* consi/s ( a pair ( hooks plac$ ov] a vat4 ,"o ( ! hooks is fix$1 ! o!r is made to rotate4 ,a hank hung betwe5 ! hooks is naturally twi/$ & all ! surplus liquor wrung out1 ! liquor fall+ into ! vat4 ,roll] ,squeez+ ,ma*9es = ,y>n4--,hanks may be pass$ ?r\gh a pair ( indi>ubb] squeez+ roll]s :i* may be s arrang$ t !y c be fix$ z requir$ on ! dye-ba?4 ,su* a pair ( 7p4 #aii7 roll]s is a famili> article & q ( common & g5]al use 9 dye-h\ses4 ,piece ,goods4--,^! are g5]ally pass$ op5 ?r\gh a pair ( squeez+ roll]s1 :i* are (t5 atta*$ to ! dye-vat 9 :i* ! pieces are dy$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--,read ,holliday's ,y>n-squeez+ ,ma*9e4 ,read ,holiday's ,squeez+ ,ma*9e4--,9 figure #bd is %[n a squeez+ ma*9e v l>gely employ$ = squeez+ all k9ds ( piece goods aft] dye+ or wa%+4 ,x consi/s ( a pair ( heavy roll]s on :i*1 by means ( ! screws %[n at ! top1 a v consid]able pressure c be br\ght to be>4 ,! piece is run ?r\gh ! eye %[n on ! left1 by :i* x is made into a rope =m1 !n ov] ! guid+ roll]s & betwe5 ! squeez+ roll]s & into 7p4 #bjj7 waggons = conveyance to o!r ma*9es4 ,?is ma*9e is effective4 ,ano!r plan on :i* roll]1 or r 9 ?is case disc1 squeez+ ma*9es are made is to make ! bottom roll] ) a squ>e groove 9 ! c5tre1 into ?is fits a disc1 ! clo? pass+ betwe5 !m4 ,! top disc c1 by suitable screws1 be made to press ^u ! clo? 9 ! groove & ?us squeeze ! wat] out ( x4 ,,wa%+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important op]ations foll[+ t ( dye+ is ! wa%+ ) wat] to free ! goods1 :e!r cotton or wooll51 f all traces ( loose dye1 acids1 mordant+ mat]ials1 etc41 :i* x is n desirable %\ld be left 91 z !y might int]f]e ) ! subsequ5t f9i%+ op]ations4 ,= ?is purpose a pl5tiful supply ( good clean wat] is requir$1 ?is %\ld be z s(t z possible1 free f any susp5d$ matt] :i* might settle ^u ! dy$ goods & /a9 or speck !m4 ,wa%+ may be done by h&1 z x frequ5tly 0 9 old5 days1 by simply imm]s+ ! dy$ fabrics 9 a tub ( wat]1 %ak+1 !n wr++ out1 aga9 plac+ 9 fre% wat] to f9i% (f4 ,or if ! dye-works 7 on ! banks ( a runn+ /ream ( clean wat] ! dy$ goods 7 simply hung 9 ! /ream to be wa%$ 9 a v effectual mann]4 ,9 ^! days x is be/ to resort to wa%+ ma*9es adapt$ to deal ) ! v>i\s k9ds ( fibr\s mat]ials & fabrics1 9 :i* !y c be subject$ to a curr5t ( wat]4 ,loose ,wool4--,if ?is has be5 dy$ by h& !n ! wa%+ may also be done 9 ! same way by h& 9 a pla9 vat4 ,if ! dye+ has be5 done on a ma*9e !n ! wa%+ c be done on ! same ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--;,hank-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,y>n 9 ,hanks4--,a v common =m ( wa%+ ma*9e is %[n 7p4 #bjb7 9 figure #be4 ,z w be se5 x consi/s ( a wood5 vat1 ov] :i* are arrang$ a s]ies ( revolv+ reels on :i* ! hanks are hung1 ! hanks are kept 9 motion ?r\gh ! wat] & s e "p ( ! y>n is ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,guides keep ! hanks ( y>n sep>ate & prev5t any entanglem5t "o ) ano!r4 ,a pipe deliv]s con/antly a curr5t ( clean wat]1 :ile ano!r pipe c>ries away ! us$ wat]4 ,motion is giv5 to ! reels 9 ?is case by a donkey eng9e atta*$ to ! ma*9e1 b x may also be driv5 by a belt f ! ma9 driv+ %aft ( ! works4 ,?is ma*9e is v effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--;,clo?-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,piece ,goods4--,piece goods are mo/ly wa%$ 9 ma*9es1 ( :i* two broad types may be recognis$4 ,fir/ ^? :]e ! pieces are dealt ) 9 ! =m ( ropes or 9 a twi/$ =m1 & second ^? :]e ! pieces are wa%$ :ile op5$ out full wid?4 ,!re are "s ma*9es 9 :i* ! clo?s may be treat$ ei!r 9 ! op5 or rope =m z may be ?\ght mo/ desirable4 ,figure #bf repres5ts a fairly well-kn[n ma*9e 9 :i* ! 7p4 #bjc7 pieces are treat$ 9 a rope-l =m4 ,x consi/s ( a tr\gh 9 :i* a con/ant curr5t ( wat] is ma9ta9$2 at "o end ( ?is tr\gh is a squ>e beat+ roll]1 at ! o!r a wood lattice roll]1 above ! squ>e beat] & out ( ! tr\gh are a pair ( roll]s ^: purpose is to draw ! clo? ?r\gh ! ma*9e & also p>tly to act z squeez+ roll]s4 ,z w be se5 ! clo? is ?read$ 9 rope =m spirally r\nd ! roll]s1 pass+ 9 at "o end & out at ! o!r1 pegs 9 a guide rail s]v+ to keep ! v>i\s portions sep>ate4 ,! squ>e beat] 9 its revolutions has a beat+ 7p4 #bjd7 action on ! clo?1 t5d+ to m effectual wa%+4 ,! lattice roll] is simply a guide roll]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--;,clo?-wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,figure #bg %[s a wa%+ ma*9e v l>gely us$ 9 ! wool-dye+ trade4 ,! pr9cipal portion ( ?is ma*9e is ( wood4 ,! int]nal p>ts consi/ ( a l>ge wood5 b[l1 or (t5]1 z 9 ! ma*9e "u notice1 ( a pair ( wood5 b[ls :i* are press$ toge!r by spr+s ) "s small degree ( =ce4 ,betwe5 ^! b[ls ! clo? is plac$1 m or less loosely twi/$ up 9 a rope =m1 & ! ma*9es are made to take f\r1 six or eight pieces or l5g?s at "o "t1 ! ends ( ! pieces be+ /it*$ toge!r s z to make a cont9u\s b&4 ,a pipe runn+ along ! front ( ! ma*9e conveys a con/ant curr5t ( clean wat]1 :i* is caus$ to imp+e 9 ! =m ( jets on ! pieces ( clo? z !y run ?r\gh ! ma*9e1 :ile an ov]fl[ c>ries away ! us$ wat]4 ,! goods are run 9 ?is ma*9e z long z is consid]$ necess>y = a suffici5t wa%1 :i* may take half to "o & a half h\rs4 ,9 figure #cj is %[n a ma*9e design$ to wa% pieces 9 ! broad or op5 /ate4 ,! ma*9e conta9s a l>ge numb] ( guide roll]s built m or less op51 r\nd :i* ! pieces are guid$1 ! ends ( ! pieces be+ /it*$ toge!r1 pipes c>ry+ wat] are s arrang$ t jets ( clean wat] imp+e on & ?or\ghly wa% clo? z x passes ?r\gh1 ! con/ruction ( ! guide roll]s facilitat+ ! effici5t wa%+ ( ! goods4 ,,soap+4 ,sometimes y>ns or clo?s h to be pass$ ?r\gh a soap-ba? aft] be+ dy$ 9 ord] to bright5 up ! col\rs or develop !m 9 "s way4 ,9 ! case ( y>ns ?is c be done on ! reel wa%+ 7p4 #bje7 ma*9es su* z are %[n 9 figure #be4 ,9 ! case ( piece goods a cont9u\s ma*9e 9 :i* ! wa%+1 soap+1 etc41 c be c>ri$ on simultane\sly is (t5 employ$4 ,su* a ma*9e is %[n 9 figure #bh4 ,x consi/s ( a numb] ( comp>tm5ts fitt$ ) guide roll]s1 s t ! clo? passes up & d[n sev]al times ?r\gh ! liquors 9 ! comp>tm5t2 betwe5 "o comp>tm5t & ano!r is plac$ a pair ( squeez+ roll]s4 ,! clo? is ?read$ 9 a cont9u\s mann]1 well %[n 9 ! draw+1 ?r\gh ! ma*9e2 9 "o comp>tm5t x is treat$ ) wat]1 9 ano!r ) soap liquor1 & ano!r ) wat]1 & s on1 & ^! ma*9es may be made ) two1 ?ree or m comp>tm5ts1 z may be necess>y = ! p>ticul> "w 9 h&4 ,z se5 9 ! draw+ ! clo? passes 9 at "o end1 & out at ! o!r f9i%$4 ,x is usually arrang$ t a cont9u\s curr5t ( ! v>i\s liquors us$ fl[s ?r\gh ! v>i\s comp>tm5ts1 ?us ensur+ ! mo/ p]fect treatm5t ( ! clo?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--,soap+ & ,wa%+ ,ma*9e4 ,,dry+4 7p4 #bjf7 ,foll[+ on ! wa%+ comes ! f9al op]ation ( ! dye+ process1 t ( dry+ ! dy$ & wa%$ goods4 ,n[ textile fabrics ( all k9ds aft] !y h pass$ ?r\gh dye-ba?s1 wa%+ ma*9es1 etc41 conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( wat]1 (t5 exce$+ 9 am\nt t ( ! fabric itself1 & to take ! goods direct f ! prec$+ op]ations to ! dry+ plant means t a consid]able am\nt ( fuel mu/ be exp5d$ to drive (f ?is l>ge am\nt ( wat]4 ,x is !re=e v desirable t ! goods be fre$ f z mu* ( ?is wat] z possible be=e !y are s5t into any dry+ *amb]s1 & ?is may be done 9 ?ree ways1 by wr++1 squeez+ & hydro-extract+4 ,! fir/ two me?ods h already be5 describ$ 7pp4 #aih1 #aii7 & ne$ n aga9 be allud$ to1 ! la/ ne$s "s acc\nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--;,hydro-extractor4 ,hydro-extractors are a mo/ effici5t means = extract+ wat] 7p4 #bjg7 out ( textile fabrics4 ,!y are made 9 a v>iety ( =ms by sev]al mak]s4 ,ess5tially !y consi/ ( a cyl9drical vessel ) p]=at$ sides1 s con/ruct$ t x c be revolv$ at a high spe$4 ,?is vessel is enclos$ 9 an out] cage4 ,! goods are plac$ 9 ! basket1 z x is t]m$1 & !n ?is is caus$ to revolve2 at ! high spe$ at :i* x revolves c5trifugal action comes into play & ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! goods f9ds its way to ! outside ( ! basket ?r\gh ! p]=ations & s away f ! goods4 ,hydro-extractors are made 9 a v>iety ( sizes & =ms1 9 "s ! driv+ ge> is above1 9 o!rs bel[ ! basket1 9 "s ! driv+ is done by belt ge>+1 9 o!rs a /eam eng9e is directly connect$ ) ! basket4 ,figures #bi & #cj %[ two =ms :i* are mu* 9 use 9 ! textile indu/ry4 ,!y are v effici5t & extract wat] f textile goods m completely ?an any o!r means1 z w be obvi\s f a /udy ( ! table bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--;,hydro-extractor4 ,! relative effici5cy ( ! ?ree sy/ems ( extract+ ! moi/ure out ( textile fabrics has be5 inve/igat$ by ,gro!1 :o gives 9 8 ,appretur d] ,gewebe1 publi%$ 9 #ahhb1 ! foll[+ table %[+ ! p]c5tage am\nt ( wat] remov$ 9 fifte5 m9utes3-- ,y>ns4 ,wool4 ,silk4 ,cotton4 ,l954 7p4 #bjh7 ,wr++ #dde #ded #dec #ejc ,squeez+ #fjj #gad #fjj #gcf ,hydro-extract+ #hce #gg #hab #hbh ,pieces4 ,wr++ #ccd #dde #dde #edf ,squeez+ #fdj #fig #gbb #hcj ,hydro-extract+ #ggh #gee #hbc #hfj ,9 ! practical work+ ( hydro-extractors x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ! goods be c>efully & regul>ly laid 9 ! basket1 n too mu* 9 "o "p & too little 9 ano!r4 ,any unev5ness 9 ?is respect at ! spe$ at :i* !y are driv5 leaves su* a /ra9 on ! be>+s z to s]i\sly endang] ! safety ( ! ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--,y>n-dry+ ,ma*9e4 ,aft] be+ wrung1 squeez$ or hydro-extract$ ! goods are ready to be dri$4 ,9 ! case ( y>ns ?is may be done 9 rooms heat$ by /eam pipes plac$ on ! floor1 ! hanks be+ hung on rods susp5d$ f racks arrang$ = ! purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--;,clo?-dry+ ,ma*9e4 ,:]e l>ge quantities ( y>n h to be dri$ x is mo/ economical to employ a y>n or dry+ ma*9e1 & "o =m ( su* is %[n 9 figure #ca4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ma*9e is t ( "o long room f ! outside1 int]nally x is divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 ea* ( :i* is heat$ up by suitably arrang$ /eam pipes1 b ! degree ( heat+ 9 ea* comp>tm5t v>ies1 at ! entrance end x is 7p4 #bji7 high1 at ! exit end l[4 ,! y>n is f$ 9 at "o end1 be+ hung on rods1 & by suitable ge>+ x is c>ri$ directly ?r\gh ! v>i\s *amb]s or sections1 & 9 its passage ! heat to :i* x is subject drives (f ! wat] x conta9s4 ,! y>n requires no att5tion f ! "t x passes 9 wet at ! "o end ( ! 7p4 #baj7 ma*9e & comes out dry at ! o!r end4 ,! am\nt ( lab\r requir$ is slight1 only t repres5t$ by fill+ ! /icks ) wet y>n & empty+ ! dri$ y>n4 ,! ma*9e works regul>ly & well4 ,! dry+ is accompli%$ by circulat+ heat$ air ?r\gh ! y>ns1 ?is heat+ be+ effect$ by /eam coils2 fre% air cont9ually ent]s ! *amb]s :ile wat]-saturat$ air is z cont9ually be+ tak5 out at ! top ( ! *amb]4 ,"o ( ! great secrets 9 all dry+ op]ations is to h a con/ant curr5t ( fre% hot air play+ on ! goods to be dri$1 ?is absorbs ! moi/ure !y conta91 & ! wat]-*>g$ air ?us produc$ mu/ be tak5 away z quickly z possible4 ,piece ,goods4--,! mo/ conv5i5t mann] ( dry+ piece goods is to employ ! /eam cyl9d] dry+ ma*9e su* z is %[n 9 figure #cb4 ,?is consi/s ( a numb] ( holl[ t9 or copp] cyl9d]s :i* c be heat$ by /eam pass+ 9 ?r\gh ! axles ( ! cyl9d]s1 :i* are made holl[ on purpose4 ,! clo? to be dri$ passes r\nd ^! cyl9d]s1 :i* revolve :ile ! clo? passes4 ,!y "w v effectually4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 7p4 #baa7 ,,exp]im5tal ,,dye+ ,,& ,,comp>ative ,,dye ,,te/+4 ,e dy] ought to be able to make exp]im5ts 9 ! mordant+ & dye+ ( textile fibres = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ ! be/ me?ods ( apply+ mordants or dye-/uffs1 ! be/ me?ods ( obta9+ any desir$ %ade1 & = ! purpose ( mak+ comp>ative te/s ( dyes or mordant+ mat]ials ) ! object ( det]m9+ _! /r5g? & value4 ,?is is n by any means difficult1 nor does x involve ! use ( any exp5sive app>atus1 s t a dy] ne$ n hesitate to set up a small dye+ laboratory = fe> ( ! exp5se :i* x might entail4 ,9 ord] to c>ry out ! "w indicat$ above !re w be requir$ sev]al pieces ( app>atus4 ,fir/ a small *emical balance2 "o t w c>ry #ej grammes 9 ea* pan is q l>ge en\gh1 & su* a "o1 q accurate en\gh = ?is "w1 c be b\ght = #bes4 to #cjs41 :ile if ! dy] be too poor ev5 = ?is a *eap pair ( apo!c>ies' scales might be us$4 ,x is advisable to procure a set ( gramme weights & to get accu/om$ to !m1 :i* is n by any means difficult4 ,9 us+ ! balance always put ! sub/ance to be weigh$ on ! left-h& pan & ! weights on ! "r-h& pan4 ,nev] put *emicals ( any k9d direct on ! pan1 b weigh !m 9 a wat*-glass1 small porcela9 bas91 or glass beak] 7:i* has fir/ be5 weigh$71 accord+ to ! nature ( ! mat]ial :i* is be+ weigh$4 ,! sets ( weights are always fitt$ into a block or 7p4 #bab7 box1 & e "t !y are us$ !y %\ld be put back into _! prop] place4 ,! exp]im5t] w f9d x conv5i5t to provide himself ) a few small porcela9 bas9s1 glass beak]s1 cubic c5timetre measures1 two or ?ree #bjj c4c4 flasks ) a m>k on ! neck1 a few pipettes ( v>i\s sizes1 #aj c4c41 #bj c4c41 #be c4c4 ,! mo/ important feature is ! dye+ app>atus4 ,:]e only a s+le dye te/ is to be made a small copp] or enamell$ iron saucepan1 su* z c be b\ght at any ironmong]s may be us$2 ?is may conv5i5tly be heat$ by a gas-boil+ burn]1 su* z c also be b\ght at an ironmong]s or plumb]s = #bs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--;,exp]im5tal ,dye-ba?4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 advisable to h means :]eby sev]al dye+ exp]im5ts c be made at "o "t & "u precisely ! same conditions1 & ?is _c be done by us+ ! simple means not$ above4 ,to be able to make p]fectly comp>ative dye+ exp]im5ts x is be/ to use porcela9 dye-pots 7^! may be b\ght f mo/ deal]s 9 *emical app>atus71 & to heat ^! 9 a wat]-ba? arrangem5t4 ,! simple/ arrangem5t is sket*$ 9 figure #cc2 x consi/s ( a copp] ba? measur+ #ae in*es long by #aj-a_/b in*es broad & 7p4 #bac7 #f-a_/b in*es deep2 ?is is cov]$ by a lid on :i* are six ap]tures to take ! porcela9 dye-ba?s4 ,! ba? is heat$ by two r\nd gas-boil+ burn]s ( ! type already ref]r$ to4 ,! copp] ba? is fill$ ) wat] :i*1 on be+ heat$ to ! boil by ! gas burn]s1 heat up ! dye-liquors 9 ! dye-pots4 ,! temp]ature 9 ! dye-pots "u su* conditions c nev] rea* ! boil+ po9t2 :]e x is desirable1 z 9 "s cases ( wool mordant+ & dye+ t x %\ld be s high1 !n !re %\ld be add$ to ! wat] 9 ! copp] ba? a quantity ( calcium *loride1 :i* =ms a solution t has a mu* high] boil+ po9t ?an t ( wat]1 & s ! dye-liquors 9 ! dye-pots may be heat$ up to ! boil4 ,an objection might be rais$ t ) su* an app>atus ! temp]ature 9 e "p ( ! ba? may n be uni=m1 & s ! temp]ature ( ! dye-liquors 9 ! pots might v>y also1 & diff]5ces ( temp]ature (t5 h a consid]able influ5ce on ! %ade ( ! col\r :i* is be+ dy$4 ,?is is a m9or objection1 :i* is m academic 9 its orig9 ?an ( practical importance4 ,to obviate x ,mr4 ,william ,m>%all1 ( ! ,ro*dale ,te*nical ,s*ool1 has devis$ a circul> =m ( dye-ba?1 9 :i* ! temp]ature 9 e "p c be kept q uni=m4 ,! dye+ laboratories ( ,te*nical ,s*ools & ,colleges are g5]ally provid$ ) a m elaborate set ( dye+ appliances4 ,^! 9 ! late/ con/ruct$ consi/ ( a copp] ba? support$ on a holl[ pair ( trunnions1 s t x c be turn$ ov] if ne$$4 ,into ! ba? are firmly fix$ ?ree e>!nw>e or porcela9 dye-pots2 /eam = heat+ c be s5t ?r\gh ! trunnions4 ,aft] ! dye+ te/s h be5 made ! app>atus c be turn$ ov] & ! cont5ts ( ! dye-pots empti$ into a s9k :i* is provid$ = ! purpose4 ,_m o!r pieces ( app>atus h be5 devis$ & made = ! 7p4 #bad7 purpose ( c>ry+ on dye+ exp]im5ts on ! small scale1 b x w n be ne$ful to describe ^! 9 detail4 ,aft] all no m effici5t app>atus c be desir$ ?an t describ$ above4 ,dye+ exp]im5ts c be made ) ei!r y>ns or pieces ( clo?1 swat*es z !y are commonly call$2 a v conv5i5t size is a small ske9 ( y>n or a piece ( clo? weigh+ #e grammes4 ,^! te/ ske9s or pieces ought to be well wa%$ 9 hot wat] be=e use1 s t !y are clean & free f any size or grease4 ,a little soda or soap w facilitate ! cleans+ process4 ,9 c>ry+ out a dye+ te/ ! dye-pot %\ld be fill$ ) ! wat] requir$1 us+ z little z is consi/5t ) ! dye-swat* be+ h&l$ com=tably !re91 !n !re is add$ ! requir$ mordants1 *emicals1 dyes1 etc41 accord+ to ! "* ( ! "w :i* is be+ done4 ,( su* *emicals z soda1 cau/ic soda1 sodium sulphate 7,glaub]'s salt71 t>t>1 bi*romate ( pota%1 x w be f\nd conv5i5t to prep>e /ock solutions ( kn[n /r5g?1 say #ej grammes p] litre1 & !n by means ( a pipette any requir$ quantity c be conv5i5tly add$4 ,! same might be foll[$ 9 ! case ( dyes :i* are con/antly 9 use1 9 ?is case #e grammes p] litre w be f\nd /rong en\gh4 ,suppos+ x is desir$ to make a te/ ( a sample ( ,acid ,r$1 us+ ! foll[+ proportions1 #b p] c5t4 dye-/uff1 #c p] c5t4 sulphuric acid & #ae p] c5t4 ,glaub]'s salt1 & ! weight ( ! swat* :i* is be+ us$ is #e grammes1 ! foll[+ calculations are to be made to give ! quantities ( ! +r$i5ts requir$3-- ,= ! dye-/uff1 #e 7weight ( swat*7 multipli$ by #b 7p] c5t4 ( dye7 & divid$ by #ajj equals 7#e x #b7 _/ #ajj #ja gramme ( dye4 ,= ! acid we h simil>ly 7#e x #c7 _/ #ajj #jae gramme ( 7p4 #bae7 acid4 ,= ! ,glaub]'s salt 7#e x #ae7 _/ #ajj #jge gramme ( ,glaub]'s salt4 ,^! quantities may be weigh$ out & add$ to ! dye-ba?1 or if solutions are kept a calculation c be made z to ! numb] ( cubic c5timetres :i* conta9 ! above quantities1 & ^! measur$ out & add$ to ! dye-ba?4 ,:5 all is ready ! ba? is heat$ up1 ! swat* put 9 & ! "w ( ! te/ ent]$ ^u4 ,/ud5ts are recomm5d$ to make exp]im5ts on su* po9ts z3-- ,! %ades obta9$ by us+ v>i\s proportions ( dye-/uffs4 ,! influ5ce ( v>i\s assi/ants3 common salt1 soda1 ,glaub]'s salt1 borax1 phosphate ( soda 9 ! ba?4 ,! influ5ce ( v>y+ proportions ( mordants on ! %ade ( dye+4 ,! value ( v>i\s assi/ants1 t>t>1 oxalic acid1 lactic acid1 sulphuric acid1 on ! fixation ( mordants4 ,! relative value ( tann9 matt]s1 etc4 ,ea* dy] %\ld make himself a patt]n book into :i* he %\ld ent] 8 te/s1 ) full p>ticul>s z to h[ !y h be5 produc$ at ! side4 ,x is important t a dy] %\ld be able to make comp>ative dye-te/s to asc]ta9 ! relative /r5g? ( any two or m samples ( dyes :i* may be s5t to him4 ,?is is n difficult b requires consid]able c>e 9 c>ry+ out ! v>i\s op]ations involv$4 #je gramme ( ea* ( ! samples ( dyes %\ld be weigh$ out & dissolv$ 9 #ajj c4c4 ( wat]1 c>e be+ tak5 t e 7p4 #baf7 portion ( ! dye is dissolv$ be=e any ( ! solution is us$ 9 mak+ up ! dye-vats4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! ske9s ( y>n or swat*es ( clo? are exactly equal 9 weight1 t ! same volume ( wat] is plac$ 9 ea* ( ! dye-pots1 t ! same am\nts ( sulphate ( soda or o!r dye assi/ants are add$1 t ! quantities ( dye-/uffs & solutions us$ are equal1 9 fact t 9 all respects ! conditions ( dye+ are exactly ! same1 su* 9 fact be+ ! vital conditions 9 mak+ comp>ative dye-te/s ( ! actual dye+ /r5g? ( sev]al samples ( dyes4 ,aft] ! swat*es h be5 dy$ !y are r9s$ & !n dri$1 :5 ! dep?s ( %ade dy$ on !m may be comp>$ "o ) ano!r4 ,to prev5t any mi/akes x is well to m>k ! swat*es ) "o1 two1 ?ree or m cuts z may be requir$4 ,x is easi] to asc]ta9 if two dyes are diff]5t 9 /r5g? ( col\r ?an to asc]ta9 ! relative diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,!re are two plans available = ?is purpose2 "o is a dye+ te/1 ! o!r is a colorimetric te/ made ) ! solutions ( ! dyes4 ,dye+ ,te/4--,?is me?od ( asc]ta9+ ! relative value ( two dyes z reg>ds /r5g? ( col\r is c>ri$ out z foll[s4 ,a prelim9>y te/ w %[ :i* sample is /rong] ?an ! o!r2 !n !re is prep>$ a s]ies ( dye-vats1 "o conta9s a swat* ) ! deepe/ ( ! two dyes1 :i* is tak5 z ! /&>d1 ! o!rs ) ! o!r dye b conta9+ #b1 #e & #aj p] c5t4 m dye-/uff1 & all ^! are dy$ toge!r1 & aft] dry+ a comp>ison c be made betwe5 ^! & ! /&>d swat*1 & a judgm5t =m$ z to ! relative /r5g? ( ! two dyes2 a little exp]i5ce w soon enable ! dy] to =m a correct judgm5t ( ! diff]5ce 9 /r5g? betwe5 two samples ( dye-/uff4 ,! colorimetric te/ is bas$ on ! pr9ciple t ! col\r 7p4 #bag7 ( a solution ( dye-/uff is proportionate to its /r5g?4 ,two :ite glass tubes1 equal 9 diamet]1 are tak52 solutions ( ! dye-/uffs1 #je gramme 9 #ajj c4c4 ( wat]1 are prep>$1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! solution is complete4 #e c4c4 ( "o ( ^! solutions is tak5 & plac$ 9 "o ( ! glass tubes1 & #e c4c4 ( ! o!r solution is plac$ 9 ! o!r glass tube1 #be c4c4 ( wat] is n[ add$ to ea* tube & !n ! col\r ( ! dilut$ liquids is comp>$ by look+ ?r\gh 9 a good light4 ,t sample :i* gives ! deepe/ solution is ! /ronge/ 9 col\r+ p[]4 ,by dilut+ ! /ronge/ solution ) wat] until x is ( ! same dep? ( col\r z ! weake/1 x may be assum$ t ! l5g? ( ! columns ( liquid 9 ! two tubes is 9 proportion to ! relative /r5g? ( ! two samples4 ,?us if 9 "o tube !re are #cj c5timetres ( liquid & 9 ! o!r #be c5timetres1 !n ! relative /r5g? is z #cj to #be1 & if ! fir/ is tak5 z ! /&>d at #ajj a proportion sum may be work$ out z foll[s3-- #cj3 #be 33 #ajj 3 #hcc2 t is1 ! weake/ sample has only #hcc p] c5t4 ( ! /r5g? ( ! /ronge/ sample4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 7p4 #bah7 ,,te/+ ,,( ,,! ,,col\r ,,( ,,dy$ ,,fabrics4 ,x is frequ5tly desirable t dy]s %\ld be able to asc]ta9 ) "s degree ( accuracy :at dyes h be5 us$ to dye any p>ticul> sample ( dy$ clo? t has be5 (f]$ to !m to mat*4 ,9 ^! days ( ! ?\s&-&-"o diff]5t dyes t are kn[n x is by no means an easy ?+ to d1 & :51 z is mo/ (t5 ! case1 two or ?ree dye-/uffs h be5 us$ 9 ! production ( a %ade1 ! difficulty is mat]ially increas$4 ,! only available me?od is to try ! effect ( v>i\s acid & alkal9e reag5ts on ! sample1 not+ :e!r any *ange ( col\r occurs1 & judg+ accord+ly4 ,x w\ld be a good ?+ = dy]s to accu/om !mselves to te/ ! dye+s !y d & s accumulate a fund ( practical exp]i5ce :i* w /& !m 9 good /ead :5ev] !y h occasion to exam9e a dy$ patt]n ( unkn[n orig94 ,! limits ( ?is book d n p]mit ( !re be+ giv5 a s]ies ( elaborate tables %[+ ! action ( v>i\s *emical reag5ts on fabrics dy$ ) v>i\s col\rs1 & su* inde$ s]ve v little purpose1 = x is mo/ difficult to describe ! m9or diff]5ces :i* (t5 s]ve to di/+ui% "o col\r f ano!r4 ,in/ead ( do+ s we w po9t out 9 "s detail ! me?ods ( c>ry+ out ! v>i\s te/s1 & advise all dy]s to c>ry ^! out = !mselves on samples dy$ ) kn[n col\rs1 & :5 !y h an unkn[n col\r to te/ to make te/s comp>atively ) kn[n 7p4 #bai7 col\rs t !y ?9k are likely to h be5 us$ 9 ! production ( ! dy$ fabric !y are te/+4 ,"o v common me?od is to spot ! fabric1 t is to put a drop ( ! reag5t on x1 usually ) ! aid ( ! /opp] ( ! reag5t bottle1 & to obs]ve ! col\r *anges1 if any1 :i* ensue4 ,?is is a v useful te/ & %\ld n be omitt$2 & x is (t5 employ$ 9 ! te/+ ( indigo dy$ goods ) nitric acid1 ^? ( logwood ) hydro*loric acid1 aliz>9e ) cau/ic soda1 & _m o!rs4 ,x is simple & easy to c>ry out1 & only takes a few m9utes4 ,to make a complete s]ies ( te/s ( dy$ fabrics !re %\ld be provid$ ! foll[+ reag5ts3-- #a4 ,/rong sulphuric acid z b\ght4 #b4 ,dilute sulphuric acid1 be+ ! /rong acid dilut$ ) #bj times its volume ( wat]4 #c4 ,conc5trat$ hydro*loric acid z b\ght4 #d4 ,dilute hydro*loric acid1 #a acid to #bj wat]4 #e4 ,conc5trat$ nitric acid z b\ght4 #f4 ,dilute nitric acid1 #a acid to #bj wat]4 #g4 ,acetic acid4 #h4 ,cau/ic soda solution1 #e grammes 9 #ajj c4c4 wat]4 #i4 ,ammonia 7/rong74 #aj4 ,dilute ammonia1 #a /rong ammonia to #aj wat]4 #aa4 ,c>bonate ( soda solution1 #e grammes 9 #ajj c4c4 wat]4 #ab4 ,blea*+ p[d] solution1 #b,tw4 #ac4 ,bisulphite ( soda1 #gb,tw4 #ad4 ,/ann\s *loride1 #aj grammes cry/als 9 #ajj c4c4 wat]1 ) a little hydro*loric acid4 #ae4 ,me?ylat$ _s4 ,small swat*es ( ! dy$ goods are put 9 clean porcela9 bas9s1 & "s ( ^! solutions p\r$ ov] !m4 ,any *ange ( col\r 7p4 #bbj7 ( ! fabric is not$ z well z :e!r any col\r is imp>t$ to ! solutions4 ,aft] mak+ obs]vations ( ! effects 9 ! cold1 ! liquids may be w>m$1 & ! results aga9 not$4 ,aft] be+ treat$ ) ! acids ! swat*es %\ld be well wa%$ ) wat]1 :5 ! orig9al col\r may be :olly or p>tially re/or$4 ,to give tables %[+ ! effects ( ^! reag5ts on ! num]\s dyes n[ kn[n w\ld take up too mu* room & n s]ve a v useful purpose1 z su* tables if too mu* reli$ on leave ! op]ator some:at unc]ta9 z to :at he has be=e him4 ,! read] w f9d 9 ,hur/'s ,diction>y ( ,coal-,t> ,col\rs "s useful notes z to ! action ( acids & alkalies on ! v>i\s col\rs t may be ( s]vice to him4 ,aliz>9e & ! s]ies ( dye-/uffs to :i* x has giv5 its "n1 fu/ic1 co*9eal1 logwood & o!r dyes ( a simil> class1 require ! fabric to be mordant$1 & ! pres5ce ( su* mordant is occasionally an indirect pro( ( ! pres5ce ( ^! dyes4 ,to detect ^! mordants a piece ( ! swat* %\ld be burnt 9 a porcela9 or plat9um crucible ov] a buns5 burn]1 c>e be+ tak5 t all c>bonace\s matt] be burnt (f4 ,a :ite a% w indicate ! pres5ce ( alum9a mordants1 r$ a% t ( iron mordants1 & a gre5i% a% *rome mordants4 ,to confirm ^! ! foll[+ *emical te/s may be appli$4 ,boil ! a% left 9 ! crucible ) a little /rong hydro*loric acid & dilute ) wat]4 ,pass a curr5t ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas ?r\gh ! solution1 if !re be any t9 pres5t a br[n precipitate ( t9 sulphide w be obta9$4 ,?is c be filt]$ (f4 ,! filtrate is boil$ = a %ort "t ) nitric acid1 & ammonia is add$ to ! solution :5 alum9a is ?r[n d[n z a :ite1 gelat9\s precipitate1 iron is ?r[n d[n z a br[n r$1 bulky precipitate1 :ile 7p4 #bba7 *rome is ?r[n d[n z a greyi%-look+1 gelat9\s precipitate4 ,! precipitate obta9$ ) ! ammonia is filt]$ (f & a drop ( ammonium sulphide add$1 :5 any z9c pres5t w be ?r[n d[n z :ite precipitate ( z9c sulphide2 to ! filtrate f ?is ammonium oxalate may be add$1 :5 if lime is pres5t a :ite precipitate ( calcium oxalate is obta9$4 ,a te/ = iron is to dissolve "s ( ! a% 9 a little hydro*loric acid & add a few drops ( potassium f]rocyanide solution1 :5 if any iron be pres5t a blue precipitate w be obta9$4 ,to make m c]ta9 ( ! pres5ce ( *rome1 heat a little ( ! a% ( ! clo? ) cau/ic soda & *lorate ( soda 9 a porcela9 crucible until well fus$1 !n dissolve 9 wat]1 acidify ) acetic acid & add lead acetate1 a yell[ precipitate indicates ! pres5ce ( *rome4 ,a book on qualitative *emical analysis %\ld be ref]r$ to = fur!r details & te/s = metallic mordants4 ,! fa/ness ( col\rs to light1 air1 rubb+1 wa%+1 soap+1 acids & alkalies is a feature ( "s consid]able importance1 !re are inde$ few col\rs t w resi/ all ^! influ5ces1 & su* are fully entitl$ to be call$ fa/4 ,! degree ( fa/ness v>ies v consid]ably1 "s col\rs w resi/ acids & alkalies well1 b are n fa/ to light & air2 "s w resi/ wa%+ & soap+1 b are n fa/ to acids2 "s may be fa/ to light1 b are n s to wa%+4 ,! foll[+ notes w %[ h[ to te/ ^! features4 ,fa/ness to ,light & ,air4--,?is is simply te/$ by hang+ a piece ( ! dy$ clo? 9 ! air1 keep+ a piece 9 a draw] to ref] to1 s t ! influ5ce on ! orig9al col\r c be not$ f "t to "t4 ,if ! piece is left out 9 ! op5 "o gets n only ! effect ( light b also t ( climate on ! col\r1 & !re 7p4 #bbb7 is no d\bt ra91 hail & sn[ h "s influ5ce on ! fad+ ( ! col\r4 ,if ! piece is expos$ "u glass ! climatic influ5ces d n come into play1 & "o gets ! effect ( light alone4 ,9 mak+ te/s ( fa/ness ! dy] w & does pay due reg>d to ! "* ( ! influ5ces t ! mat]ial w be subject$ to 9 actual use1 & ^! v>y v consid]ably2 ?us ! col\r ( und]clo?+ ne$ n be fa/ to light1 = x is r>ely subject$ to t ag5t ( de/ruction2 on ! o!r h&1 x mu/ be fa/ to wa%+1 = t is an op]ation to :i* und]clo?+ is subject$ week by week4 ,w9d[ curta9s are mu* expos$ to light & air1 &1 !re=e1 ! col\rs 9 :i* !y are dy$ %\ld be fa/ to light & air4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^! curta9s are r>ely wa%$1 & s ! col\r ne$ n be q fa/ to wa%+4 ,& s ) o!r k9ds ( fabrics2 !re are sc>cely two k9ds :i* are subject$ to ! same influ5ces & require ! col\rs to h ! same degree ( fa/ness4 ,! fa/ness to rubb+ is g5]ally te/$ by rubb+ ! dy$ clo? ) a piece ( :ite pap]4 ,fa/ness to ,wa%+4--,?is is g5]ally te/$ by boil+ a swat* ( ! clo? 9 a solution ( soap conta9+ #d grammes ( a good neutral curd soap p] litre = t5 m9utes1 & not+ ! effect :e!r ! soap solution becomes col\r$ & to :at degree1 or :e!r x rema9s col\rless1 & also :e!r ! col\r ( ! swat* has *ang$ at all4 ,"o v important po9t 9 connection ) ! soap+ te/s is :e!r a col\r w run into a :ite fabric t may be soap$ along ) x4 ,?is is te/$ by twi/+ /r&s ( ! dy$ y>n or clo? ) :ite y>n or clo? & boil+ !m 9 ! soap liquor = t5 m9utes & !n not+ ! effect1 p>ticul>ly obs]v+ 7p4 #bbc7 :e!r ! :ite pieces h tak5 up any col\r4 ,fa/ness to acids & fa/ness to alkalies is obs]v$ :ile c>ry+ out ! v>i\s acid & alkali te/s giv5 above4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,index4 7p4 #bbe7 ,a4 ,acetate ( ammonia1 #ic1 #id1 #aja1 #ajb1 #abg1 #abh1 #abi1 #acb1 #afg1 #aib1 #aid4 ------- ( *rome1 #aae4 ------- ( lime1 #aeh1 #aei4 ,acetic acid1 #abg4 ,acid black1 #cg1 #hi4 ---- ----- ,b1 #ib1 #ii4 ---- ----- ,b ,b1 #ii1 #aaa1 #aab4 ---- ----- ,s1 #ij1 #ii4 ---- blue #d ,s1 #ih1 #abg4 ---- ---- #a ,v1 #aec4 ---- dyes = blue1 #aeb4 ---- ---- = br[n1 #afa4 ---- ---- = gre51 #abh4 ---- ---- = mode col\rs1 #afe4 ---- ---- = violet1 #afj4 ---- dye-/uffs1 #fa4 ---- gre51 #ec1 #ia1 #ib1 #abg1 #ahd1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aib1 #aic4 ---- ----- ,b1 #abh1 #aia4 ---- ----- blue %ade1 #acf4 ---- ----- ,b ,n1 #acf4 ---- ----- extra1 #aee4 ---- ----- ,g ,g1 #aib4 ---- mag5ta1 #gc1 #aje1 #aaa1 #aac1 #ahc1 #aij4 ---- mauve1 #if4 ---- ----- ,b1 #afa4 ---- r$1 te/ =1 #bad4 ---- violet1 #aje4 ---- ------ #d ,b1 #aic4 ---- ------ #e ,b1 #aed1 #afj1 #ahi1 #aia4 ---- ------ #e ,b ,e1 #afb4 ---- ------ #f ,b1 #acj1 #aga1 #aha4 ---- ------ #aj ,b1 #aia4 ---- ------ ,n1 #ib1 #ii1 #afa1 #afb4 ---- ------ #f ,r ,n1 #afa4 ---- ------ #d ,r ,s1 #afj4 ---- ------ ,v1 #afb4 ---- ------ #a ,v1 #aec4 ---- yell[1 #ec1 #ii1 #abc1 #ahc1 #aij4 ,acids1 action on wool1 #aa4 ,acrid9e r$1 #ajb4 -------- sc>let1 #ajb4 ,adjective gr\p ( dye-/uffs1 #fh4 ,aliz>9e1 #fa1 #fi1 #gb1 #gc1 #hf1 #aad1 #bbj4 --------- black1 #ii4 --------- ----- ,s ,w1 #id1 #aac4 --------- blue1 #aaf1 #aai1 #aff4 --------- ---- ,a1 #aeh4 --------- ---- ,d ,n ,w1 #aca1 #acb1 #acc1 #aeh1 #afd1 #aff4 --------- ---- ,s ,w1 #ajh4 --------- ,bordeaux1 #acc4 --------- -------- ,b1 #ih1 #aee4 --------- -------- ,g1 #aee1 #aei4 --------- br[n1 #aca1 #acb1 #acc1 #aeh1 #afd1 #aff4 --------- cl>et ,r1 #aah4 --------- col\rs1 #gg4 --------- cyan9e1 #aaa1 #aai1 #aef4 --------- ------- black1 #ic1 #id1 #aei1 #afj4 --------- ------- ,g1 #aei4 --------- ------- ,g ,g1 #ih1 #aeg4 --------- ------- ,g extra1 #aeg4 --------- ------- ,r1 #ii1 #aeg4 --------- ------- ,r ,r1 #aeg4 --------- ------- ,r ,r ,r1 #ic1 #aeg4 --------- ------- #c ,r d\ble1 #aeg1 #afj4 --------- ,g1 #abb4 --------- gre51 #abg4 --------- ----- ,s1 #acb4 --------- ----- ,s ,w1 #acb4 --------- grey ,b1 #aff4 --------- orange1 #aai1 #abc4 --------- ------ #b ,g1 #abj4 --------- ------ ,h1 #afd4 --------- ------ ,n1 #aah1 #abb1 #aff4 --------- ------ ,w1 #aai4 --------- ------ ,r1 #afc4 --------- ------ ,r ,r1 #abb4 --------- r$ #a ,w ,s1 #aah1 #aai1 #abj1 #abb4 --------- --- #b ,w ,s1 #aah4 --------- --- #c ,w ,s1 #aai1 #afd4 --------- --- #e ,w ,s1 #aah1 #abj4 --------- ,s ,x1 #abj4 --------- yell[1 #gj1 #ga1 #aae1 #aaf1 #abc1 #aca1 #acc1 #aef1 #afd1 #aff4 --------- ------ ,g ,g1 #aae1 #abb4 --------- ------ ,g ,g ,w1 #id1 #abe1 #abf1 #aca1 #acb1 #afd4 --------- ------ ,r ,w1 #abb4 ,alkali blue1 #aeb1 #ahi4 ------ ---- ,b1 #aeb4 ------ ---- #f ,b1 #ahj4 ------ yell[ ,r1 #afi4 ,alkalies1 action on wool1 #i4 ,alkal9e blue #f ,b1 #agh4 -------- ---- #aga1 #agg4 ,alpaca1 #a1 #hc4 ,alum1 #gd1 #gg1 #he1 #hf1 #ig1 #aae1 #aag1 #abi1 #aca4 ,alum9a1 #aad4 ------- sulphate1 #aae1 #aag4 ,alum9ium salts1 #h4 ,am>an?1 #ib1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aib4 ,amido-b5zoic acid1 #aad4 ,ammonia1 #ag1 #bg1 #cc1 #gh4 ------- action on wool1 #fj4 ,angora goat1 #a4 ,annotta1 #ac1 #fc4 ,an?rac5e acid black ,s ,t1 #aic4 ---------- ---- br[ns1 #aae4 ---------- blue ,w ,b1 #aei4 ---------- ---- ,w ,g1 #acb1 #aeh1 #aei4 ---------- br[n1 #id1 #aai1 #acb4 ---------- ----- ,r1 #afc4 ---------- ----- ,w1 #aei1 #afd4 ---------- *rome black1 #if1 #ii4 ---------- ------ ----- ,f1 #ie4 ---------- ------ ----- ,f ,f1 #ib1 #if4 ---------- r$1 #abb1 #acd4 ---------- yell[1 #fi1 #gj1 #aae4 ---------- ------ ,b ,n1 #if1 #abf1 #ace4 ---------- ------ ,c1 #ij1 #ih1 #aji1 #abb1 #abd1 #abe1 #abf1 #acb1 #afc1 #afg4 ---------- ------ ,g ,g1 #abf4 ,an?racite black ,b1 #ij1 #if1 #acb1 #afc4 ---------- ----- ,r1 #ij1 #ih4 ,an?ragallol1 #aad4 ,ar*il1 #ge1 #ahi4 ------ sub/itute ,n1 #ii1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aca1 #aee1 #afb1 #afe4 ,argol1 #hf1 #ig1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aea4 ----- lactic acid1 #aaf4 ,artificial wool1 #agd4 ,auram9e1 #ec1 #fd1 #ajc1 #ahi4 -------- base1 #fd4 -------- ,i ,i1 #aie4 ,aurol9e1 #afi4 ,azo acid br[n1 #acj4 --- ---- mag5ta ,g1 #afb4 --- ---- rub9e1 #aaa4 --- ---- violet #d ,r1 #aji1 #aaa1 #afa4 --- ---- yell[1 #aga4 --- black1 #hi4 --- blue1 #aga4 --- ,bordeaux1 #aji1 #aia4 --- c>m9e1 #abd1 #afa1 #aff4 --- ------- ,b1 #acj4 --- co*9eal1 #aje1 #aab1 #aia4 --- crimson ,l1 #aif4 --- dye-/uffs1 #fa1 #ff4 --- flav9e1 #ahi4 --- ------- ,s1 #baj4 --- fu*s9e1 #aji1 #aae4 --- -------- ,g1 #ajh1 #acj1 #afj1 #afb1 #aia1 #aid1 #aie1 #aif4 --- gre51 #gj1 #abg4 --- mauve1 #aga4 --- r$ ,a1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aga1 #agf1 #agg1 #agi1 #aij1 #aid4 --- rub9e1 #ib4 --- sc>let1 #ec4 --- yell[1 #ic1 #abd1 #abh1 #abi1 #acj1 #aee1 #afb1 #afe4 ,b4 ,basic dyes = violet1 #afj4 ----- dye-/uffs1 #fa4 ,bat*+ ( wool1 #ae1 #be4 ,b5zo azur9e #c ,g1 #agj4 ----- ------- ,r ,g1 #agj4 ----- blue black ,g1 #agj4 ----- br[n1 #fa4 ----- dyes1 #afh4 ----- fa/ r$1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #aaj4 ----- ---- sc>let1 #fb4 ----- ---- ------- ,b ,s1 #ajb4 ----- flav9e1 #fd4 ----- gre51 #abg4 ----- orange ,r1 #aba4 ,b5zol1 #af1 #bd4 ,b5zol9e1 #be4 ,b5zopurpur9e1 #fa1 #ajj4 -------------- ,b1 #agj4 -------------- #d ,b1 #aaa1 #agj1 #ahj1 #aha4 -------------- #aj ,b1 #agj1 #ahj4 ,bi*romate ( pota%1 #af1 #aae1 #aca1 #acb1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #aff1 #afg1 #aic4 ---------- ( potassium1 #age4 ,bisulphate ( soda1 #cc1 #aca1 #ada1 #adf1 #afg1 #ahd1 #aib1 #aic1 #aid4 ,bism>ck br[n1 #ahi1 #aij4 -------- ----- ,r1 #aif4 ,black1 #ic1 #ie1 #agf1 #agg1 #ahj1 #aia1 #aic1 #aie4 ----- & blue1 #ahe1 #ahf4 ----- & gre5 blue1 #ahe4 ----- & p9k1 #ahf4 ----- & yell[1 #ahf4 ----- blue1 #aeb1 #aeg4 ----- ---- ,o1 #aee4 ----- on wool1 #hc1 #ia4 ,blea*+ wool1 #bi4 ,blue1 #aec1 #aeh4 ---- & gold yell[1 #ahe4 ---- & orange1 #ahg4 ---- black1 #if1 #aec1 #aei1 #agi1 #ahb1 #aib4 ---- ----- on wool1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib1 #id4 ---- gre51 #abg1 #abh1 #abi1 #acj4 ---- %ades on wool1 #acf4 ,blue/one1 #gd1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #ace4 ,blui% ,bordeaux r$1 #aaj4 ------ crimson1 #ajh4 ------ gre51 #acd4 ------ r$1 #ajf1 #abj4 ------ p9k1 #aaa1 #aab4 ------ purple1 #aji4 ------ violet1 #afj4 ------ rose1 #aic4 ,borax1 #bae4 ,bordeaux1 #ajb4 -------- ,b ,l1 #aaj4 -------- r$1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aac4 ,bottle gre51 #abg1 #acj1 #acb1 #acd4 ,bran1 #ach1 #add1 #ade4 ,brazil wood1 #aad4 ,bright blue1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aee1 #aef1 #aeh1 #ahj4 ------ ,bordeaux r$1 #aji1 #aaj4 ------ buff1 #afd1 #afe4 ------ can>y1 #abd4 ------ *]ry r$1 #aji1 #aaj4 ------ *e/nut1 #afd4 ------ crimson1 #ajh4 ------ fawn1 #afe4 ------ ---- r$1 #aah4 ------ electric blue4 #aef4 ------ gold5 br[n1 #afc4 ------ grass gre51 #acj1 #acc4 ------ gre51 #abg1 #abh1 #acd4 ------ gre5i% blue1 #aed4 ------ leaf gre51 #abi4 ------ lemon yell[1 #abe4 ------ m>oon1 #aai4 ------ moss gre51 #abi4 ------ orange1 #aba1 #abb4 ------ pale sage gre51 #aca4 ------ peacock gre51 #acj4 ------ r$1 #aaa1 #aic4 ------ sc>let1 #ajb1 #aab4 ------ /raw1 #abd4 ------ violet1 #afa4 ------ ---- blue1 #aef4 ------ yell[1 #abc1 #abd1 #age1 #agf1 #agh4 ,brilliant aliz>9e blue ,g1 #acc1 #aeg1 #aeh1 #afa4 --------- azur9e #e ,g1 #agj4 --------- co*9eal #b ,r1 #aab1 #abc1 #aic4 --------- --------- #d ,r1 #abc1 #ahe4 --------- ,congo ,g1 #ajb4 --------- ----- ,r1 #agj4 --------- croce9e ,b1 #ajf1 #abc4 --------- -------- #c ,b1 #abc4 --------- -------- #e ,b1 #abc4 --------- -------- #g ,b1 #abc4 --------- -------- #i ,b1 #abc4 --------- -------- ,b ,b1 #ajf4 --------- -------- ,m1 #ajf4 --------- -------- ,m ,o ,o1 #abc4 --------- -------- ,n1 #ahi4 --------- gre51 #ec1 #fd1 #abg1 #aij1 #aic1 #aid4 --------- mill+ gre5 ,b1 #aga4 --------- orange1 #ib4 --------- orseille ,c1 #ajg1 #aab4 --------- pale blui% crimson1 #ajh4 --------- ponceau ,g1 #ajf4 --------- ------- #b ,r1 #ajf4 --------- ------- #d ,r1 #aab4 --------- purpur9e ,r1 #agj4 --------- rhodul9e ,r ,b1 #aie4 --------- royal blue1 #aed4 --------- sc>let1 #aai1 #aga4 --------- ------- ,g1 #aga4 --------- ------- #d ,r1 #aje4 ,bronze gre51 #aca1 #ahj4 ,br[n1 #afa1 #afc1 #afd1 #aha1 #aib1 #aie4 ----- & violet1 #ahf4 ----- & p9k1 #aid4 ----- & blue1 #ahe4 ----- black1 #id4 ----- olive & gre51 #aic4 ,br[n %ades on wool1 #afa4 ,buff1 #afd4 ,c4 ,calcium salts1 #h4 ,camel-hair1 #hc4 ,camwood1 #gf1 #hf4 ,c>bohydrate1 #g4 ,c>bonate ( soda1 #bg1 #gh1 #afi4 ,c>bon disulphide1 #af1 #bd4 ,c>bonis+ ( wool1 #aa4 ,c>d$ wool1 dye+ (1 #dd4 ,c>mois91 #ahi4 --------- ,b1 #aia4 ,ca%m]e1 #hc1 #agc4 -------- goat1 #a4 ,cau/ic soda1 #ada4 ------- lye1 #adg4 ,cele/9e blue ,b1 #aee4 ,*emical vats1 #ach4 ,*emic extract1 #aej4 ,*]ry r$1 #aji1 #aaj4 ,*e/nut1 #afc4 -------- br[n1 #ahd4 ,*icago blue ,b1 #agj4 ------- ---- #d ,b1 #agj4 ------- ---- #f ,b1 #agj1 #ahj4 ------- ---- ,g1 #agj4 ------- ---- ,r ,w1 #aha4 ------- ---- ,r ,r ,w1 #agj4 ,*loram9e orange1 #aba4 ---------- yell[1 #afi4 ,*lor9ation ( wool1 #cg4 ,*lor9e1 action on wool1 #ab4 ,*ole/]9e1 #g1 #bc4 ,*rome1 #aad4 ------ acetate1 #abi4 ------ alum1 #aae4 ------ blue1 #aeh4 ------ ,bordeaux #f ,b1 #afa4 ------ br[n ,r1 #afd4 ------ fluoride1 #gg4 ------ logwood black1 #hd1 #he4 ------ ------- jet black1 #he4 ------ mordant1 #aea4 ------ pat5t black ,d ,g1 #ib4 ------ violet1 #aae1 #aai4 ,*rom9e ,g1 #afi4 ,*romog5e ,i1 #abj4 ,*romotrop1 #aae4 ---------- #b ,b1 #abe4 ---------- #f ,b1 #ajh1 #aed4 ---------- #aj ,b1 #id1 #aji4 ---------- ,r1 #ajf4 ---------- #b ,r1 #ii1 #ajg1 #abi1 #acj1 #aee1 #afb1 #afe4 ---------- ,s1 #ic1 #id4 ,*rysam9e1 #fa1 #abh1 #agj4 ---------- ,g1 #afe4 ,*rysoid9e1 #ahd4 ,*rysoph59e1 #fa1 #ajb1 #abh1 #agj4 ------------- ,g1 #ahj4 ,cl>et1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aah1 #abj4 ------ r$1 #aaj4 ,clayton yell[1 #agj4 ,clo?-dry+ ma*9e1 #bji4 ------------ r$1 #gc4 ------------ wa%+ ma*9e1 #bi1 #cj1 #bjb1 #bjc4 ,coal t>1 #acg4 ---- --- col\rs1 #aad4 ---- --- dyes1 #fc4 ---- --- ---- = dye+ blue1 #aeb4 ,coat+s1 #agc4 ,co*9eal1 #ig1 #aad1 #aij1 #bbj4 --------- sc>let1 #gg4 ,co]ule91 #aad1 #acc4 --------- ,b1 #acb4 --------- ,s ,w1 #acb4 --------- blue1 #aib4 ,col\r lakes1 #aac4 ------ /r5g?1 te/ =1 #baf4 ------ te/+1 #bah4 ,columbia black ,b1 #agj4 -------- ----- ,f ,b1 #agj1 #aha4 -------- r$ #h ,b1 #agj4 -------- yell[1 #afi4 ,congo blue1 #fb4 ----- br[n ,g1 #agj1 #ahj4 ----- ----- ,r1 #afa1 #aga4 ----- ,cor9? ,g1 #aga1 #ahj1 #ahg4 ----- ------- ,b1 #afi1 #aga4 ----- dyes1 #afh4 ----- orange ,g1 #agj4 ----- ------ ,r1 #afe1 #agj4 ----- ,r1 #agj4 ----- r$1 #fb4 ,copp]as1 #gd1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #ig1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace4 -------- vats1 #ach4 ,copp]-cas$ dye beck1 #ef4 ,coral r$1 #aab4 ,cornfl[] blue1 #aha4 ,corron's hank-dye+ ma*9e1 #di4 ,cotton yell[1 #agj4 ,cream ( t>t>1 #aaf4 ,crimson1 #ajc1 #ajh1 #aac1 #ahj1 #ahc1 #aia1 #aid4 ,croce9e ,a ,z1 #abc1 #aga1 #ahi1 #aia1 #aib4 -------- orange1 #aba1 #abb1 #ahi4 -------- ------ ,e ,n1 #abc4 -------- sc>let1 #ajh4 -------- ------- #c ,b1 #aia4 -------- ------- #c ,r1 #afg4 ,cross dye+1 #ahc4 ,cru%$ /rawb]ry1 #aje4 ------- ---------- r$1 #ajg1 #aah4 ,cry/al sc>let #f ,r1 #abc4 ,cudbe>1 #ig4 ,curcum9e extra1 #aga1 #aha1 #ahg4 --------- ,s1 #ahj1 #ahf4 ,cut*1 #gf1 #ig4 ----- br[n1 #gf4 ,cyan9e ,b1 #ajg1 #aaa1 #abd1 #abi1 #acj1 #aee1 #afe4 ------- sc>let ,r1 #aaa4 ,cyanole1 #ajg1 #aaa1 #aca1 #afe4 ------- extra1 #ii1 #ajh1 #aab1 #aac1 #aca1 #aee1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahf4 ------- gre5 ,b1 #acd4 ------- ----- #f ,g1 #acd4 ,cyprus gre5 ,b1 #acf4 ------ ----- ,r1 #acf4 ,d4 ,d>k beige gre51 #acj4 ---- blue1 #aeb1 #aed1 #aeg1 #aei1 #agf1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb1 #aie4 ---- ,bordeaux r$1 #abj4 ---- bottle gre51 #aca1 #acb4 ---- br[n & blue1 #ahe4 ---- ----- #afc1 #afd1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb4 ---- buff1 #afe4 ---- *e/nut1 #afb4 ---- *]ry r$1 #aab4 ---- crimson1 #ajb1 #aie4 ---- gre51 #abg1 #abh1 #aca1 #agg1 #ahj1 #ahc4 ---- ----- & pale crimson1 #aid4 ---- grey1 #ih1 #aff1 #afg1 #agh1 #aha1 #aib4 ---- invisible blue1 #aef4 ---- m>oon1 #aic4 ---- navy1 #aeg1 #aei4 ---- ---- blue1 #aee4 ---- olive br[n1 #afb4 ---- orange1 #aba4 ---- peacock blue1 #aef4 ---- r$1 #abj4 ---- sage1 #agi4 ---- ---- gre51 #acj4 ---- sea gre51 #aga4 ---- seal1 #afb1 #afc4 ---- slate1 #aei1 #aff1 #agg4 ---- /one1 #agg4 ---- violet1 #afa4 ---- ------ br[n1 #afd4 ---- walnut1 #afd1 #agi4 ,dead black on wool1 #ij4 ,deep blue1 #aed1 #aee4 ---- ,bordeaux r$1 #aji4 ---- br[n1 #afb4 ---- crimson1 #ajh1 #aab1 #aac1 #aah4 ---- electric gre51 #aca4 ---- fawn1 #ajg4 ---- ---- r$1 #ajg1 #aai4 ---- gold5 yell[1 #abe4 ---- indigo blue1 #aib4 ---- leaf gre51 #acj4 ---- ---- yell[1 #abe4 ---- lemon1 #abe4 ---- m>oon1 #aaa1 #aai1 #aia4 ---- navy1 #aec4 ---- ---- blue1 #aec4 ---- olive yell[1 #abe4 ---- orange1 #abb1 #agf4 ---- r$1 #ajc4 ---- sage gre51 #aca1 #acb4 ---- sc>let1 #ajf1 #aab1 #aai4 ---- seal1 #afb4 ---- sky blue1 #aee4 ---- violet1 #afj4 ---- ------ br[n1 #aib4 ---- yell[1 #abd1 #abf4 ,delahunty's dye+ ma*9e1 #dc1 #dd4 ,deltapurpur9e #e ,b1 #acj4 ,diam9e black1 #ii1 #aee4 ------- ----- ,b ,h1 #agj1 #agg1 #agh4 ------- ----- ,b ,o1 #agj4 ------- ----- ,h ,w1 #afi1 #agg1 #agh4 ------- ----- ,r ,o1 #agj4 ------- blue1 #fb4 ------- ---- #b ,b1 #agj4 ------- ---- #c ,b1 #agj4 ------- ---- ,b ,g1 #agj4 ------- ---- ,b ,x1 #agj4 ------- ---- ,g1 #afi4 ------- ---- ,r ,w1 #afi1 #agj4 ------- ---- #c ,r1 #agj4 ------- ---- black ,e1 #agj4 ------- ,bordeaux1 #ajb4 ------- -------- ,b1 #afi1 #agj1 #agg1 #agi4 ------- -------- ,s1 #agj4 ------- brilliant blue ,g1 #agj1 #agf1 #agh1 #agi4 ------- bronze ,g1 #aga1 #agg4 ------- br[n1 #fb1 #agi4 ------- ----- ,b1 #afi4 ------- ----- ,g1 #agj4 ------- ----- #c ,g1 #afi4 ------- ----- ,g ,w1 #afi4 ------- ----- ,n1 #afi1 #agg4 ------- ----- ,s1 #agj4 ------- ----- ,v1 #agj1 #agg4 ------- cate*9e ,b1 #agj1 #agi4 ------- --------- ,g1 #afi1 #agj4 ------- cut*1 #agf4 ------- d>k blue ,b1 #afi1 #agj1 #ahj4 ------- dyes1 #afh4 ------- fa/ yell[ ,a1 #agj1 #age1 #ahf4 ------- ---- ------ ,b1 #afi1 #agf1 #agg1 #agi4 ------- ---- r$ ,f1 #ih1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #aji1 #aab1 #abd1 #acb1 #afc1 #afg1 #afi4 ------- gold1 #aba1 #agj1 #age4 ------- gre51 #abg4 ------- ----- ,b1 #afi4 ------- ----- ,g1 #afi1 #agj4 ------- new blue ,r1 #agj4 ------- nitrazol br[n ,b1 #agj4 ------- -------- ,g1 #agj4 ------- orange ,b1 #afi1 #agg1 #agh1 #agi4 ------- ------ ,d1 #agj4 ------- ------ ,d ,c1 #aba4 ------- ------ ,g1 #agj1 #age1 #agh1 #ahd1 #ahe4 ------- ------ ,g ,c1 #aba4 ------- ------ ,o1 #agj4 ------- r$1 #fb1 #afi4 ------- --- ,b1 #agj4 ------- --- #e ,b1 #agh4 ------- --- ,n ,o1 #agj4 ------- rose ,b ,d1 #ajb1 #afi1 #agh1 #ahf4 ------- sc>let ,b1 #aab1 #aba1 #abb1 #agj1 #agh4 ------- ------- #c ,b1 #agj4 ------- sky blue1 #agj1 #ahe4 ------- --- ---- ,f ,f1 #agj1 #ahe1 #ahf4 ------- /eel blue ,l1 #agj1 #agg1 #ahe4 ------- violet ,n1 #agj1 #agh1 #ahf4 ,diamond black1 #ic1 #ii4 ------- ----- ,f1 #ib4 ------- ----- on wool1 #ic4 ------- br[n1 #afd4 ------- flav9e1 #acc1 #afc4 ------- ------- ,g1 #ih4 ------- gre51 #ic4 ------- yell[ ,b1 #acc4 ,dihydroxynaph?al5e1 #hh4 --------- sulpho acid1 #aaf4 ,d9itroso-resorc9e1 #abg4 ,direct black1 #hh4 ------ dyes1 #aig4 ------ ---- = blue1 #aeb4 ------ ---- = br[n1 #afa4 ------ ---- = gre51 #abg4 ------ ---- = mode col\rs1 #afe4 ------ ---- = orange1 #aba4 ------ ---- = violet1 #afj4 ------ orange ,r1 #agj4 ------ r$ dyes1 #ajj4 ------ yell[ ,g1 #agj4 ,divi-divi1 #aig4 ,drab1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #agh1 #agi1 #aha1 #ahb1 #aid4 ,dress goods1 #agc4 ,dry+ ( goods1 #bje4 ,dye+ ma*9]y1 #dj1 #dc4 ------ te/1 #baf4 ------ tubs1 #da4 ,dye-jigg]s1 #ea1 #eb4 ----------- te/s1 #baa4 ----------- vat ) /eam pipe1 #db4 ,e4 ,electric blue1 #aee4 ,em]ald gre51 #abh1 #abi1 #acj1 #ace4 ,em9 r$1 #ajg1 #aaj4 ,eos9e1 #aij4 ------ r$1 #ajd4 ,erie blue1 #b ,g1 #agj4 ,erika ,b ,n1 #agj1 #ahg4 ,ery!s9e ,d1 #aab4 ,ery?ros9e1 #ajd1 #aij4 ,exp]im5tal dye-ba?1 #bab4 ------------ dye+1 #baa4 ,f4 ,fa/ acid violet #aj ,b1 #aaa1 #acj1 #afb1 #afe1 #ahi4 ---- ---- ------ ,r1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #abj1 #acj1 #aff4 ---- ---- blue ,r1 #ii1 #ajg1 #abi1 #aee1 #afe4 ---- ---- gre5 ,b ,n1 #if1 #acd1 #ahe4 ---- ---- mag5ta ,b1 #aje1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aec4 ---- black1 #if4 ---- blue1 #cg4 ---- bright olive1 #ace4 ---- *rome black1 #ib4 ---- gre51 #abg1 #acc4 ---- gre5 blui%1 #aaa1 #acj1 #aed1 #afj1 #afb1 #afe1 #ahi1 #aib1 #aid1 #aie4 ---- ----- extra blui%1 #afb4 ---- light gre51 #aie4 ---- r$1 #ajb1 #aaa4 ---- sc>let1 #aje4 ---- yell[1 #aji1 #abd1 #afa1 #afb1 #afe1 #aff1 #aid4 ---- ------ ,f ,y1 #ij1 #ia1 #aje1 #abc1 #acj4 ---- ------ ,s1 #aaa1 #aac1 #ace1 #ahf1 #aic4 ---- ------ extra1 #aid1 #aie4 ,fa/ness to acid1 te/ =1 #bbc4 -------- to alkalies1 te/ =1 #bbc4 -------- to light & air1 te/ =1 #bba4 -------- to wa%+1 te/ =1 #bbb4 ,fawn1 #aah4 ---- drab1 #agi4 ---- r$1 #ajg1 #aac4 ,f]r\s sulphate1 #aae1 #aag4 ,f]m5tation vats1 #ach4 ,flavazol1 #gj4 ,fluoride ( *rome1 #ia1 #ih1 #ajb1 #aaj1 #aae1 #aag1 #abi1 #acb1 #acc1 #afg4 ,=myl blue ,b1 #aga4 ------ violet1 #ec4 ------ ------ #f ,b1 #aga4 ------ ------ #aj ,b1 #aga4 ------ ------ ,s #d ,b1 #aee1 #afa1 #aga1 #age1 #agf1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj1 #ahe1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aia4 ,full+ fa/ olive1 #ace4 ,fu/ic1 #ff1 #fi1 #gj1 #gg1 #hc1 #he1 #hf1 #hg1 #ig1 #abj1 #bbj4 ------ extract1 #hh1 #abc1 #aca1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace4 ,g4 ,galle9e1 #aff4 ,gallipoli oil1 #bf4 ,gall(lav9e1 #gj1 #aai1 #acc4 ,gamb9e1 #fa1 #aad1 #aai1 #abg4 ------- ,b1 #afd4 ------- ,r1 #acc1 #afd1 #afg4 ------- ,v1 #if1 #abe1 #acc1 #afd4 ------- yell[1 #ic1 #aae1 #abe4 ,g]an9e ,b1 #afj4 -------- ,g1 #ajb4 ,glaci] blue1 #aee4 ,glaub]'s salt1 #ha1 #hi1 #ia1 #ii1 #abg1 #abh1 #abi1 #acj1 #ace1 #aej1 #aea1 #afi1 #aga1 #agb1 #ahd1 #bae4 ,gloria1 dye+ (1 #ahh4 ,gold & gre51 #ahd4 ---- br[n1 #agf1 #agi1 #ahe4 ---- orange1 #abb1 #abc1 #agf4 ---- yell[1 #abf4 ,gold5 br[n1 #afb1 #afc4 ------ yell[1 #abe1 #abf4 ,good yell[1 #age4 ,grass gre51 #abh4 ,gre51 #abg1 #aca1 #agh1 #aib1 #aic1 #aie4 ----- & buff1 #ahf4 ----- & cl>et1 #ahe4 ----- & r$1 #ahf4 ----- & orange1 #ahg4 ,gre5i%1 #ih4 -------- black on wool1 #ia4 -------- /raw1 #abd4 ,grey1 #ih1 #afe1 #ahb4 ---- & orange1 #ahf4 ---- blue1 #aeh4 ---- on wool1 #if4 ,gu9ea gre5 ,b1 #aga1 #aha1 #ahg4 ------ violet #d ,b1 #aga1 #aha4 ,h4 ,hmatoxyl9 ( logwood1 #hd4 ,h& dye+1 #dj4 ---- sc\r+ ( wool1 #ah4 ,hank-wa%+ ma*9e1 #bja4 ---- wr++ ma*9es1 #aih4 ,h>e fur1 #hc4 ,hessian violet1 #ajb1 #aga4 ,holliday's pat5t indigo vat1 #adc4 ,hydro*loric acid1 #hh4 ,hydro*loride ( rosanil9e1 #i4 ,hypo*lorites1 action on wool1 #ab4 ,hydro-extractor1 #bjf1 #bjg4 ,hydrosulphite ( soda1 #adg4 ------------- vats1 #ach1 #ada4 ,hydroxy-azo dyes1 #aad4 ,i4 ,imp]ial gre5 ,g #a1 #aie4 ,indian yell[1 #ij1 #ia1 #ahi1 #aia1 #aib4 ------ ------ ,g1 #aca1 #aga1 #age1 #agf1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahj1 #ahe1 #aie4 ------ ------ ,r1 #abf1 #afe1 #aga1 #age1 #agf1 #aie4 ,indigo1 #hc1 #he1 #acf1 #ada4 ------ black1 #hf4 ------ blue1 #aea4 ------ c>m9e1 #ff1 #aej4 ------ c>m9e ,d1 #afa1 #aff4 ------ dye+1 #acg4 ------ dye-/uffs1 #fa4 ------ dye-vat1 #adi4 ------ extract1 #gc1 #ge1 #ig1 #aje1 #aca1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #aea1 #aij1 #aid4 ------ ------- = dye+ wool1 #aej4 ------ indoph5ol vat1 #adf4 ,indigot9e1 #aid4 ---------- extra1 #aic1 #aie1 #aif4 ,indoph5ol1 #adf4 ,indul9e1 #cg4 -------- ,a1 #aec4 ,invisible bronze gre51 #acc4 --------- gre51 #acj1 #acb1 #acf4 ,iron logwood black1 #hf1 #hg4 ,italian clo?s1 #agf4 ,j4 ,janus black ,i1 #ahb4 ----- ----- ,i ,i1 #ahb4 ----- blue ,r1 #ahb4 ----- br[n ,b1 #ahb4 ----- ----- ,r1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ----- cl>et r$ ,b1 #ahc4 ----- d>k blue ,b1 #ahb4 ----- dyes1 #aha4 ----- gre5 ,b1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ----- grey ,b1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ----- ---- ,b ,b1 #ahb4 ----- r$ ,b1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ----- yell[ ,g1 #ahb4 ----- ------ ,r1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,jet black1 #ic1 #id1 #ie1 #if4 --- ----- on wool1 #ij1 #ia1 #ic4 ,jig w9ce1 #ec4 ,k4 ,kempy fibres1 #c4 ,k]at9e1 #h4 ,keton blue ,g1 #aaa1 #afb4 ,klaud]-,weldon hank-dye+ ma*9e1 #dg1 #dh4 ,l4 ,lactic acid1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aea1 #bae4 ,lanafu*s9e #f ,b1 #aac4 ------------ ,s ,b1 #aaa1 #aac4 ------------ ,s ,g1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac4 ,lanacyl blue ,b ,b1 #aga4 ------- ---- ,r1 #aga4 ------- violet ,b1 #aga1 #ahj4 ,lav5d]1 #afj1 #aif4 -------- blue1 #aeh4 -------- grey1 #aff4 ,leaf yell[1 #abe4 ,lemon yell[1 #abe4 ,level dye+1 #gg4 ,light drab1 #aif4 ----- gre51 #acc1 #aie4 ----- grey1 #ig1 #aic4 ----- sea gre51 #aie4 ----- /raw1 #abf4 ,lignoros9e1 #aae1 #aag1 #aea4 ,lilac1 #aff4 ----- blue1 #aeh4 ----- grey1 #afe4 ,lime1 #aag1 #adj4 ---- vats1 #ach4 ,liquor ammonia1 #adg4 ,llama1 #a4 ,logwood1 #ff1 #fi1 #gj1 #hc1 #he1 #hf1 #hg1 #ig1 #acf1 #aea1 #bbj4 ------- black1 #hg1 #hh4 ------- ----- on wool1 #hf4 ------- extract1 #hh1 #acc1 #ace1 #acf4 ,loose wool1 dye+ (1 #dc4 ----- ---- wa%+ (1 #bjj4 ,m4 ,ma*9e-sc\r+ ( wool1 #bj4 ,madd]1 #gg1 #add4 ,mag5ta1 #ec1 #fa1 #fd1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aij4 ,maize yell[1 #abd4 ,mala*ite gre51 #abg4 ,m&>9e ,g1 #aba1 #aga1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahg4 ,m>oon1 #aaa1 #aah1 #agh4 ------ r$1 #aaa4 ,m>seilles soap1 #gh4 ,mauve1 #afa4 ,mc,naught's wool-wa%+ ma*9e1 #bj4 ,metallic salts1 action on wool1 #ab4 ,me?yl5e blue1 #acc1 #acd4 ,me?ylrosanil9e1 #fd4 ,me?yl violet1 #ec1 #fd1 #aij4 ------ ------ #c ,b1 #afj4 ------ ------ ,b ,o1 #aib4 ------ ------ ,r1 #afj4 ,m$ulla1 #d4 ,m$ium blue1 #aeg1 #aeh4 ------ gre51 #acc4 ,m]9o wool1 #e4 ,mikado orange #d ,r ,o1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahg4 ,mill+ r$ ,b1 #aaa4 ------- --- ,r1 #ajf1 #aaj4 ------- yell[1 #aib4 ------- ------ ,o1 #ii1 #abe1 #aic4 ,mimosa1 #afi4 ,mode col\rs on wool1 #afd4 ,mordant dyes = br[n1 #afc4 ------- ---- = orange1 #abb4 ------- dye-/uffs1 #fa1 #fh4 ------- dyes = violet1 #afa4 ,mordant+1 #aae4 ---------- ( wool1 #ab4 ,mordant yell[1 #aai1 #abb1 #acb4 ------- ------ ,d1 #abf4 ------- ------ ,o1 #afd4 ,moss gre51 #abi1 #acj4 ,"m vat1 #adg4 ,m\se1 #afb4 ,muriate ( t91 #ig4 ,myrobalan1 #aig4 ,n4 ,naph?ol black1 #cg1 #hi1 #ii1 #ahf4 -------- ----- ,b1 #ij4 -------- ----- ,b ,b1 #aif4 -------- ----- #c ,b1 #ij1 #ia1 #ahe1 #aib4 -------- ----- #d ,r1 #aaa4 -------- blue ,g1 #aga1 #ahe4 -------- ---- ,r1 #aga4 -------- ---- black1 #aee1 #aga1 #age1 #agg1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj1 #ahe4 -------- gre5 ,b1 #cg1 #ij1 #abg1 #abh1 #ahi1 #aib1 #aic1 #aid4 -------- r$ ,c1 #aac1 #ahe1 #aib4 -------- --- ,o1 #aic4 -------- yell[1 #aca1 #acf1 #aij4 -------- ------ ,s1 #aac1 #acj1 #agh4 ,naph?yl blue black ,n1 #ib4 ,naph?ylam9e black1 #hi1 #ib1 #ahi4 ------------- ----- #d ,b1 #ia1 #aga1 #aib4 ------------- ----- #f ,b1 #aga1 #ahj4 ------------- ----- ,d1 #ia1 #ii1 #aga1 #aia4 ------------- ----- ,s1 #if4 ,navy1 #aeh4 ---- blue1 #aec1 #acf1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahj4 ,neutral dye-/uffs1 #fa4 ------- extract1 #aej4 ------- r$1 #afb4 ,new me?yl5e blue1 #aij4 --- --------- ---- ,n1 #ahe1 #aid4 --- ,victoria black blue1 #aij4 --- -------- blue ,b1 #aed4 --- -------- ---- black1 #aib4 ,nigros9e1 #cg4 ,nitrate ( iron1 #ih4 ,nitraz9e yell[1 #abd4 ,nut1 #afd4 --- br[n1 #aha1 #ahb4 ,nyanza black1 #ie4 ------ ----- ,b1 #ii1 #abh1 #afa1 #afe4 ,o4 ,ob]mai] dye+ ma*9e1 #dd1 #de1 #df4 ,old gold1 #abb1 #abf4 ,oleic acid1 #g1 #bf4 ,ole9e1 #bf4 ,olive1 #abh1 #acd1 #ace4 ----- br[n1 #afb1 #afd4 ----- bronze1 #ace4 ----- gre51 #abh1 #ace4 ----- oil1 #bf4 ----- yell[1 #abd1 #abe4 ,orange1 #aba1 #abb1 #agh1 #ahj1 #aia1 #aib1 #aie4 ------ ,no4 #b1 #afb4 ------ blue1 #ahg1 #aid4 ------ gre51 #aid4 ------ violet1 #ahf4 ------ croce9e ,g1 #ahi4 ------ ,e ,n ,z1 #abc1 #ace1 #aga1 #agf1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj1 #ahe4 ------ extra1 #ii1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aac1 #abb1 #afb1 #afc1 #aga1 #agh4 ------ ,g1 #ii1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aac1 #afb1 #afe1 #aff1 #aij4 ------ ,g ,g1 #aab1 #aac1 #abb1 #afb1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #aij1 #aia1 #aic4 ------ ,i ,i1 #aec1 #afb4 ------ ,o1 #aaa4 ------ ,r1 #abb1 #ahi4 ------ %ades on wool1 #aba4 ------ ,t ,a1 #agj1 #aha4 ,oxalate ( ammonia1 #ie4 ,oxalic acid1 #he1 #hg1 #hh1 #ic1 #aae1 #aaf1 #acc1 #aea1 #bae4 ,oxydiam9e black ,a1 #afi4 ---------- ----- ,b1 #afi4 ---------- ----- ,b ,m1 #ahj4 ---------- ----- ,d1 #afi4 ---------- ----- ,m1 #afi4 ---------- ----- ,s ,o ,o ,o1 #agj4 ---------- ,orange ,g1 #agj1 #agh4 ---------- ------ ,r1 #agj4 ---------- r$ ,s1 #agj4 ---------- violet ,b1 #agj4 ---------- yell[ ,g ,g1 #agj4 ,oxyph59e1 #afi4 ,p4 ,pale blue1 #aeb1 #aee1 #aic1 #aie4 ---- blui% crimson1 #ajh4 ---- *e/nut1 #afd4 ---- crimson1 #ajh4 ---- drab1 #afe1 #aff4 ---- fawn1 #aff4 ---- ---- drab1 #afe4 ---- ---- br[n1 #aff4 ---- gold yell[1 #age4 ---- gre51 #aib4 ---- lilac rose1 #ajg4 ---- m>oon1 #aia4 ---- navy blue1 #aef4 ---- old gold br[n1 #afd4 ---- olive yell[1 #abf4 ---- orange1 #aba1 #abb4 ---- pea-gre51 #aca4 ---- ,russian gre51 #abh4 ---- sage1 #aie4 ---- ---- gre51 #acj1 #acc1 #ahj4 ---- sea gre51 #abi1 #acb4 ---- slate gre51 #acc4 ---- ----- grey1 #ih4 ---- /one1 #aff4 ---- violet1 #afj4 ,p>>osanil9e1 #fd4 ,p>is blue1 #aeh4 ,pat5t blue1 #ib1 #ii4 ------ ---- ,a1 #aca1 #aeh4 ------ ---- ,b1 #ie1 #aaj1 #aed4 ------ ---- ,j1 #aed1 #afb4 ------ ---- ,j ,b1 #aff4 ------ ---- ,j ,o ,o1 #aff4 ------ ---- ,n1 #abh1 #aed4 ------ ---- ,v1 #aaa1 #abi1 #acj1 #aed1 #aee1 #afb1 #afh4 ------ ---- sup]ior1 #aed4 ,pea* wood1 #hf4 ,peacock blue1 #aee1 #aeg1 #aeh4 ------- gre51 #aca1 #acb1 #agg1 #agi4 ,pe>l a%1 #ag4 ----- grey1 #ig1 #ih4 ,p]*loride ( t91 #ig4 ,p]i wool blue1 #aee4 ,p]oxide ( hydrog5 = blea*+ wool1 #bi1 #cd4 -------- ( soda = blea*+ wool1 #cf4 ,p]sian b]ries1 #fi1 #ga4 ,petrie's wool-wa%+ ma*9e1 #bj4 ,petroleum _s1 #af1 #bd4 ,ph5(lav9e1 #abd1 #acj4 ,ph5olic col\rs1 #aad4 ,ph5yl rosanil9e1 #fd4 ,phlox9e1 #ajd1 #aij1 #aia4 ,phosphate ( soda1 #bah4 ,picric acid1 #aij4 ,piece-dye+ ma*9es1 #ej4 ----- goods1 dry+ (1 #baj4 ----- ---- wa%+ (1 #bjb4 ----- ---- wr++ (1 #aii4 ,p9k1 #ajb1 #aaa1 #aab1 #agh1 #aie4 ,plum1 #agh4 ,plu% fabric dye+ ma*9e1 #ee4 ,ponceau1 #aje4 ------- #c ,g1 #aba4 ------- ,r1 #fe4 ------- #c ,r ,b1 #aga1 #ahj4 ,pota%1 #ag4 ------ indigo vat1 #add4 ------ salts1 #g4 ,potassium salts1 #h4 ,primul9e1 #afi4 ,puce1 #afj4 ,pure blue ,o ,t1 #aic4 ,purple1 #aji4 ------ r$1 #aac4 ,purpuram9e1 #fb4 ,q4 ,quick lime1 #ada4 ,qu9ol9e yell[1 #ahi1 #aid4 ,r4 ,rabbit fur1 #hc4 ,raw m]9o wool1 analysis (1 #g4 ,read ,holliday's hawk+ ma*9e1 #eg4 ---- -------- indigo extract1 #aea4 ---- -------- squeez+ ma*9e1 #aii4 ---- -------- y>n dye+ ma*9e1 #df1 #dg4 ,r$1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #abj4 --- navy1 #aeh4 --- ---- blue1 #aeg4 --- plum1 #agg4 --- %ades on wool1 #ajj4 ,r$di% black1 #id4 ------- grey1 #ig4 ------- orange1 #aba4 ------- puce1 #afj4 ,rhodam9e1 #afe1 #ahi1 #aij4 --------- ,b1 #aac1 #aia1 #aic1 #aig4 --------- ,g1 #aie4 --------- r$1 #ajb4 ,rhodul9e r$1 #ajb1 #ajc4 ,roccele9e1 #aga1 #aij4 ,roll]-squeez+ ma*9e1 #aih4 ,rose1 #aah4 ,rosanil9e1 #fd4 ,rose b5gale1 #ajd1 #aab1 #ahi1 #aij4 ---- r$1 #aac4 ,royal blue1 #aed4 ,s4 ,sadd5+ ( wool1 #gd4 ,saffran9e1 #fa1 #fd1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ahd1 #ahi1 #aij4 ---------- prima1 #ajc1 #aid4 ,saffron1 #ac1 #fc4 ,saffros9e1 #ajd4 ,sage1 #agg4 ---- br[n1 #aha4 ---- gre51 #abh4 ,salicylic acid1 #aad4 ,salmon1 #aac4 ------ r$1 #aac4 ,salt1 #bae4 ,s&]s1 #abj1 #aba4 ,saxony blue1 #aed4 ,sc>let1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aje1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aab1 #aah1 #agh1 #ahj1 #aia4 ------- ,f ,r1 #ajf4 ------- ,o ,o1 #ajf4 ------- ,r1 #ahc4 ------- #c ,r1 #aia4 ------- #b ,r ,j1 #aje4 ------- ,r ,s1 #aje4 ------- ,s1 #aij4 ,s*utz5b]g] & ,lal&e's vat1 #ada4 ,s*weiz]'s reag5t1 #i4 ,sc\r+ ( wool1 #ae1 #ag4 -------- ( wooll5 piece goods1 #bh4 ,sea gre51 #aca1 #acf4 ,s]ge1 #agc4 ,silicate ( soda1 #ag4 ,silk blue1 #ahi4 ---- ---- ,b ,e ,s1 #aib4 ,silv] grey1 #ih1 #afe1 #agg4 ,%eep1 #a4 ,%ort-/apl$ wools1 sc\r+ (1 #ah4 ,%ot effects1 #ahc4 ,sky blue1 #aea1 #aed1 #agh1 #aid4 ,slak$ lime1 #ade4 ,slate1 #afe1 #aha4 ----- blue1 #aeh1 #agi4 ----- gre51 #aca1 #acb1 #aha4 ----- grey1 #ig1 #ih4 ,sliv]1 dye+ (1 #dd4 ,slubb+1 dye+ (1 #dd4 ,smi?son's dye+ ma*9e1 #hh4 ,soap1 #bg4 ---- action on wool1 #aj1 #ff4 ,soap+ & wa%+ ma*9e1 #bje4 ------- ( goods1 #bjd4 ,soda1 #ag1 #bae4 ---- a%1 #ag4 ---- cry/als1 #ade4 ---- indigo vat1 #ade4 ,sodium hydrosulphite1 #adc4 ,solid blue1 #aij4 ----- ---- ,r1 #aib4 ----- ---- ,p ,g1 #aib4 ----- gre5 cry/als1 #aid4 ,soluble blue1 #ahi4 ,s\r extract1 #aej4 ,s\?d[n wool1 #e4 ,sp5c]'s hank-wr++ ma*9e1 #aih4 ,squeez+ ( goods1 #aig4 ,/ale ur9e1 #ag1 #ah4 ,/e>ic acid1 #g4 ,/one1 #aff1 #aha4 ,/raw1 #abd4 ,/uff+ ( wool1 #gd4 ,su9t1 #ae4 ,suit+s1 #agc4 ,sulphon azur9e ,b1 #agj4 ------- ------- ,d1 #ahj4 ------- cyan9e1 #abh1 #aeb1 #afj4 ,sulphur1 #h4 ------- blea* h\se1 #ca4 ------- dioxide1 #cc4 ------- blea*+1 #bi1 #cj4 ,sulphuric acid1 #ii1 #aae1 #aaf1 #bae4 ,sumac1 #hf1 #abj1 #aba1 #ace1 #aig4 ----- extract1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,sweet extract1 #aej4 ,t4 ,tannic acid1 #ih4 ,tann9 mat]ials1 #aig1 #bae4 ,t>t>1 #he1 #hf1 #hh1 #ic1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aca1 #acb1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #aea1 #aff1 #afg1 #bae4 ------ emetic1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,t>t>ic acid1 #he1 #aae4 ,t>traz9e1 #aij4 ,t]ra-cotta1 #aie4 ----- ----- r$1 #aje1 #abj4 ,t9 *loride1 #aae4 --- cry/als1 #gg4 --- salt1 #acc4 ,?iazol yell[1 #afi4 ,?ioc>m9e ,r1 #ih1 #aga1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahi1 #aij4 ,?i(lav9e ,s1 #aba1 #afi1 #age1 #agh1 #ahe1 #ahf4 ----------- ,t1 #fd1 #aij1 #aic1 #aid4 ,titan blue1 #agj1 #aga4 ----- ---- #c ,b1 #abg4 ----- br[n ,o1 #aaj1 #agj4 ----- ----- ,r1 #ih1 #agj4 ----- ----- ,t1 #agj4 ----- m>9e ,b1 #aga4 ----- p9k1 #agj4 ----- r$1 #fa1 #ih1 #ajg4 ----- sc>let1 #ajj4 ----- ------- ,c ,b1 #aja1 #ajb4 ----- ------- ,d1 #aaj4 ----- ------- ,s1 #afi4 ----- yell[1 #fa1 #ii1 #agj4 ----- ------ ,g1 #abg4 ----- ------ ,r1 #abe4 ----- ------ ,y1 #abe1 #abg4 ,treacle1 #ach4 ,tropol9e1 #abb1 #aca4 ---------- ,o1 #aij4 ---------- ,o ,o1 #aga1 #agh4 ,turm]ic1 #ac1 #fc1 #abj1 #ahi4 ,turquoise blue ,b ,b1 #aie4 --------- ---- ,g1 #aif4 --------- gre51 #acd4 ,u4 ,union black ,b1 #afi4 ----- ----- ,s1 #afi1 #agf1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj4 ----- blue ,b ,b1 #afi4 ----- fabrics1 dye+ (1 #afh4 ----- flannels1 #agc4 ,ur9e indigo vat1 #ade4 ,v4 ,velvet1 emboss+ (1 #ad4 ,victoria black1 #hi1 #ahi4 -------- black ,b1 #ia1 #aia4 -------- ---- blue1 #aee4 -------- blue1 #ahi4 -------- ---- ,b1 #aee4 -------- ---- black1 #ia4 -------- sc>let ,r1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aaa4 -------- rub9e ,o1 #ajg1 #aaa4 -------- violet #h ,b ,s1 #acj1 #aee4 -------- yell[1 #aaa1 #abd1 #acj1 #afb4 ,violet1 #afj1 #aib1 #aic4 ------ & p9k1 #aic1 #aid4 ------ black on wool1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ic1 #ie4 ------ blue1 #aee4 ------ grey1 #aff4 ------ %ades on wool1 #afj4 ,w4 ,walnut1 #afb4 ------ br[n1 #agf1 #ahb4 ,wa%+ ( goods1 #bjj4 ,wat] blue1 #cg4 ,:ite indigo1 #ach4 ,w9ce dye beck1 #ec1 #ed4 ,woad1 #ach4 ---- indigo vats1 #aci4 ---- vat1 #ade4 ,woad$ black1 #hf4 ,wool1 #a4 ---- action ( acid on1 #aa4 ---- alkalies1 action ( on1 #i4 ---- bat*+1 #ae4 ---- black1 #hi4 ---- ----- #f ,b1 #aga1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahf4 ---- blea*+1 #bi4 ---- --------- p]oxide ( hydrog51 #cd4 ---- --------- -------- ( soda1 #cf4 ---- --------- ) sulphur1 #cj4 ---- *emical composition (1 #f4 ---- *lor9ation (1 #cg4 ---- blue ,b ,x1 #aec4 ---- ---- dye+ ) logwood1 #afa4 ---- fibre "u microscope1 #b4 ---- ----- unsc\r$1 #aj4 ---- ----- *emical composition (1 #g4 ---- ----- sc\r$ badly1 #aj4 ---- ----- %[+ m$ull>y c5tre1 #d4 ---- ----- heat$ ) acid1 #aa4 ---- grey ,r1 #aff4 ,wooll5 piece goods1 sc\r+ (1 #bh4 ------- y>n1 #b4 ,wool oil1 #bf4 ---- physical prop]ties (1 #b4 ---- -------- /ructure1 v>iations 91 #e4 ,wool sc\r+1 #ae1 #ag4 ---- -------- by solv5ts1 #bc4 ,wool-wa%+ ma*9e1 #bj1 #ba4 ,wor/$ y>n1 #b4 ,wr++ ( goods1 #aig4 ,y4 ,y>n-dry+ ma*9e1 #bjh4 ,y>n1 wa%+ (1 9 hanks1 #bjb4 ,y>n wr++1 #aih4 ,yell[1 #abe1 #aie4 ------ br[n1 #afa4 ------ ,n1 #abe1 #acc1 #acd4 ------ olive1 #ace4 ------ %ades on wool1 #abc4 ,yolk1 #g4 ,york%ire grease1 #bf4 ,z4 ,zambesi black ,b1 #agj1 #aha4 ------- ----- ,d1 #agj1 #ahj1 #aha4 ------- ----- ,f1 #aga4 ------- blue ,r ,a1 #ahj1 #aha4 ------- br[n ,g1 #aga1 #aha4 ------- ----- #b ,g1 #aga4 ------- dyes1 #afh4 ,z9c du/1 #ada4 ,! ,ab]de5 ,univ]sity ,press ,limit$4 ,,catalogue 7p4 c#ja7 ,( ,special ,te*nical ,books ,= ,manufactur]s1 ,te*nical ,/ud5ts ,& ,work]s1 ,s*ools1 ,colleges1 ,etc4 ,by ,exp]t ,writ]s ,index ,to ,subjects4 ,page ,agricultural ,*emi/ry44444444444 #aj ,air1 ,indu/rial ,use (44444444444 #ab ,alum & its ,sulphates444444444444 #i ,ammonia444444444444444444444444444 #i ,anil9e ,col\rs4444444444444444444 #c ,animal ,fats44444444444444444444444 #f ,anti-corrosive ,pa9ts4444444444444 #d ,ar*itecture1 ,t]ms 944444444444 #cj ,ar*itectural ,pott]y444444444444 #ae ,artificial ,p]fumes444444444444444 #g ,balsams44444444444444444444444444 #aj ,bibliography444444444444444444444 #cb ,blea*+444444444444444444444444 #bc ,bone ,products444444444444444444444 #h ,bookb9d+4444444444444444444444 #ca ,brick-mak+44444444444444444 #ae1 #af ,burni%+ ,brass44444444444444444 #bh ,c>pet ,y>n ,pr9t+4444444444444 #ba ,c]amic ,books4444444444444444 #ad1 #ae ,*>coal44444444444444444444444444 #h ,*emical ,essays4444444444444444444 #i ,*emi/ry ( ,pott]y4444444444444 #af ,*emi/ry ( ,dye-/uffs4444444444 #bc ,clay ,analysis44444444444444444444 #af ,coal-du/ ,fir+44444444444444444 #bf ,col\r ,mat*+444444444444444444 #bb ,colli]y ,recov]y ,"w44444444444 #be ,col\r-mix+ = ,dy]s4444444444 #bb ,col\r ,!ory44444444444444444444 #bb ,comb+ ,ma*9es44444444444444444 #bd ,comp\nd+ ,oils444444444444444444 #f ,cond5s+ ,app>atus4444444444444 #bf ,cosmetics4444444444444444444444444 #h ,cotton ,dye+44444444444444444444 #bc ,cotton ,sp9n+444444444444444444 #bd ,damask ,weav+4444444444444444444 #bj ,dampness 9 ,build+s444444444444 #cj ,decorators' ,books4444444444444444 #bh ,decorative ,textiles44444444444444 #bj ,d5tal ,metallurgy4444444444444444 #be ,diction>y ( ,pa9t ,mat]ials44444 #b ,dry+ ,oils44444444444444444444444 #e ,dry+ ) ,air444444444444444444 #ab ,dye+ ,m>ble44444444444444444444 #ca ,dye+ ,wooll5 ,fabrics44444444444 #bc ,dy]s' ,mat]ials44444444444444444 #bb ,dye-/uffs44444444444444444444444 #bc ,enamell+ ,metal44444444444444444 #ah ,enamels44444444444444444444444444 #ah ,engrav+444444444444444444444444 #ca ,ess5tial ,oils44444444444444444444 #g ,evaporat+ ,app>atus444444444444 #bf ,ext]nal ,plumb+4444444444444444 #bg ,fats444444444444444444444444444 #e1 #f ,faults 9 ,wooll5 ,goods4444444444 #ba ,gas ,fir+44444444444444444444444 #bf ,glass-mak+ ,recipes4444444444444 #af ,glass ,pa9t+4444444444444444444 #ag ,glue ,mak+ & ,te/+44444444444 #h ,greases444444444444444444444444444 #e ,hat ,manufactur+4444444444444444 #bj ,hi/ory ( ,/affs ,pott]ies444444 #af ,hops44444444444444444444444444444 #bh ,hot-wat] ,supply44444444444444444 #bh ,h[ to make a ,wooll5 ,mill ,pay444 #ba ,india-rubb]444444444444444444444 #ac ,indu/rial ,alcohol444444444444444 #aj ,inks44444444444444444444444444 #c1 #aa ,iron-corrosion44444444444444444444 #d ,iron1 ,sci5ce (44444444444444444 #bf ,japann+444444444444444444444444 #bh ,lace-,mak+4444444444444444444444 #bj ,lacqu]+44444444444444444444444 #bh ,lake ,pigm5ts444444444444444444444 #b ,lead & its ,comp\nds44444444444 #aa ,lea!r ,indu/ry44444444444444444 #ac ,lea!r-work+ ,mat]ials44444444 #ad ,li?ography4444444444444444444444 #ca ,lubricants444444444444444444444 #e1 #f ,manures44444444444444444444444 #h1 #aj ,m9]al ,pigm5ts444444444444444444 #c ,m9e ,v5tilation44444444444444444 #be ,m9e ,haulage444444444444444444444 #be ,oil & ,col\r ,recipes444444444444 #c ,oil ,boil+44444444444444444444444 #e ,oil ,m]*ants' ,manual4444444444444 #g ,oils444444444444444444444444444444 #e ,ozone1 ,indu/rial ,use (444444444 #ab ,pa9t ,manufacture44444444444444444 #b ,pa9t ,mat]ials4444444444444444444 #c ,pa9t-mat]ial ,te/+444444444444 #d ,pap]-pulp ,dye+4444444444444444 #ag ,petroleum4444444444444444444444444 #f ,pigm5ts1 ,*emi/ry (444444444444 #b ,plumb]s' ,"w4444444444444444444 #bg ,porcela9 ,pa9t+444444444444444 #ag ,pott]y ,clays44444444444444444444 #af ,pott]y ,manufacture44444444444444 #ad ,p[]-loom ,weav+444444444444444 #ai ,pres]v$ ,foods444444444444444444 #cj ,pr9t]s' ,ready ,reckon]444444444 #ca ,pr9t+ ,inks444444444444444444444 #c ,recipes = ,oilm51 etc44444444444 #c ,res9s444444444444444444444444444 #aj ,risks ( ,occupations4444444444444 #aa ,rivet+ ,*9a1 etc44444444444444 #af ,sanit>y ,plumb+4444444444444444 #bg ,seal+ ,waxes44444444444444444444 #aa ,silk ,dye+4444444444444444444444 #bb ,silk ,?r[+44444444444444444444 #ah ,smoke ,prev5tion44444444444444444 #bf ,soaps44444444444444444444444444444 #g ,sp9n+4444444444444444444444444 #ba ,/a9+ ,m>ble1 & ,bone44444444 #ca ,/eam ,dry+444444444444444444444 #ab ,sug> ,ref9+4444444444444444444 #cb ,/eel ,h>d5+444444444444444444 #bf ,sweetmeats44444444444444444444444 #cj ,t]ra-cotta4444444444444444444444 #ae ,te/+ ,pa9t ,mat]ials44444444444 #d ,te/+ ,y>ns44444444444444444444 #bj ,textile ,fabrics444444444444444444 #bj ,textile ,mat]ials444444444444 #ai1 #bj ,timb]444444444444444444444444444 #bi ,v>ni%es4444444444444444444444444 #e ,vegetable ,fats44444444444444444444 #g ,wa/e ,utilisation4444444444444444 #aj ,wat]1 ,indu/rial ,use444444444444 #ab ,wat]pro(+ ,fabrics444444444444 #ba ,weav+ ,calculations4444444444444 #ba ,wood ,wa/e ,utilisation44444444444 #bi ,wood ,dye+4444444444444444444444 #ca ,wool ,dye+444444444444444444 #bb1 #bc ,writ+ ,inks444444444444444444444 #aa ,x-,ray ,"w44444444444444444444444 #ac ,y>n ,te/+444444444444444444444 #bj ,publi%$ ,by ,scott1 ,gre5wood ,son1 #h ,broadway1 ,ludgate ,hill1 ,london1 ,e4c4 ,telegraphic ,address1 ,pr9t]ies1 ,london4 ,,pa9ts1 ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pr9t+ ,,inks4 7p4 c#jb7 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,pigm5ts4 ,by ,erne/ ,j4 ,,p>ry1 ,b4,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s41 & ,j4 ,h4 ,,co/e1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,demy #hvo4 ,five ,illu/rations4 #bhe pp4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introductory4 ,light -- ,:ite ,light -- ,! ,spectrum -- ,! ,invisible ,spectrum -- ,normal ,spectrum -- ,simple ,nature ( ,pure ,spectral ,col\r -- ,! ,recomposition ( ,:ite ,light -- ,prim>y & ,complem5t>y ,col\rs -- ,col\r$ ,bodies -- ,absorption ,spectra -- ,! ,application ( ,pigm5ts4 ,uses ( ,pigm5ts3 ,arti/ic1 ,decorative1 ,protective -- ,me?ods ( ,application ( ,pigm5ts3 ,pa/els & ,crayons1 ,wat] ,col\r1 ,temp]a ,pa9t+1 ,fresco1 ,encau/ic ,pa9t+1 ,oil-col\r ,pa9t+1 ,k]amic ,art1 ,enamel1 ,/a9$ & ,pa9t$ ,glass1 ,mosaic -- ,inorganic ,pigm5ts4 ,:ite ,lead -- ,z9c ,:ite -- ,enamel ,:ite -- ,:it5+ -- ,r$ ,lead -- ,li?>ge -- ,v]milion -- ,royal ,sc>le t-- ,! ,*romium ,gre5s -- ,*romates ( ,lead1 ,z9c1 ,silv] & ,m]cury -- ,brunswick ,gre5 -- ,! ,o*res -- ,indian ,r$ -- ,v5etian ,r$ -- ,si5nas & ,umb]s -- ,light ,r$ -- ,cappagh ,br[n -- ,r$ ,oxides -- ,m>s ,col\rs -- ,t]re ,v]te -- ,prussian ,br[n -- ,cobalt ,col\rs -- ,co]uleum -- ,smalt -- ,copp] ,pigm5ts -- ,mala*ite -- ,brem5 ,gre5 -- ,s*eele's ,gre5 -- ,em]ald ,gre5 -- ,v]digris -- ,brunswick ,gre5 -- ,non-ars5ical ,gre5s -- ,copp] ,blues -- ,ultram>9e -- ,c>bon ,pigm5ts -- ,ivory ,black -- ,lamp ,black -- ,bi/re -- ,naples ,yell[ -- ,ars5ic ,sulphides3 ,orpim5t1 ,realg> -- ,cadmium ,yell[ -- ,v&yck ,br[n -- ,organic ,pigm5ts4 ,prussian ,blue -- ,natural ,lakes -- ,co*9eal -- ,c>m9e -- ,crimson -- ,lac ,dye -- ,sc>let -- ,madd] -- ,aliz>9 -- ,campea*y -- ,qu]citron -- ,rhamnus -- ,brazil ,wood -- ,alkanet -- ,santal ,wood -- ,ar*il -- ,coal-t> ,lakes -- ,r$ ,lakes -- ,aliz>9 ,comp\nds -- ,orange & ,yell[ ,lakes -- ,gre5 & ,blue ,lakes -- ,indigo -- ,dragon's ,blood -- ,gamboge -- ,sepia -- ,indian ,yell[1 ,puree -- ,bitum51 ,asphaltum1 ,mummy -- ,index4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pa9t4 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ,pa9t ,manufactur]s1 ,m]*ants & ,pa9t]s4 ,by ,j4 ,,cruick%ank ,,smi?1 ,b4,sc4 ,demy #hvo4 #bjj pp4 ,sixty ,illu/rations & ,"o ,l>ge ,diagram4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,prep>ation ( ,raw ,mat]ial -- ,/or+ ( ,raw ,mat]ial -- ,te/+ & ,valuation ( ,raw ,mat]ial -- ,pa9t ,plant & ,ma*9]y -- ,! ,gr9d+ ( ,:ite ,lead -- ,gr9d+ ( ,:ite ,z9c -- ,gr9d+ ( o!r ,:ite ,pigm5ts -- ,gr9d+ ( ,oxide ,pa9ts -- ,gr9d+ ( ,/a9+ ,col\rs -- ,gr9d+ ( ,black ,pa9ts -- ,gr9d+ ( ,*emical ,col\rs -- ,yell[s -- ,gr9d+ ( ,*emical ,col\rs -- ,blues -- ,gr9d+ ,gre5s -- ,gr9d+ ,r$s -- ,gr9d+ ,lakes -- ,gr9d+ ,col\rs 9 ,wat] -- ,gr9d+ ,col\rs 9 ,turp5t9e -- ,! ,uses ( ,pa9t -- ,te/+ & ,mat*+ ,pa9ts -- ,economic ,consid]ations -- ,index4 ,,diction>y ,,( ,,*emicals ,,& ,,raw ,,products ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pa9ts1 ,,col\rs1 ,,v>ni%es ,,& ,,alli$ ,,prep>ations4 ,by ,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,demy #hvo4 #chj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #hs4 home2 #hs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,lake ,,pigm5ts ,,f ,,artificial ,,col\rs4 ,by ,francis ,h4 ,,j5nison1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,sixte5 ,col\r$ ,plates1 %[+ ,specim5s ( ,eighty-n9e ,col\rs1 specially prep>$ f ! ,recipes giv5 9 ! ,book4 #acf pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,gr\ps ( ! ,artificial ,col\r+ ,matt]s -- ,! ,nature & ,manipulation ( ,artificial ,col\rs -- ,lake-=m+ ,bodies = ,acid ,col\rs -- ,lake-=m+ ,bodies' ,basic ,col\rs -- ,lake ,bases -- ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,lake ,=mation -- ,r$ ,lakes -- ,orange1 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,blue1 ,violet & ,black ,lakes -- ,! ,production ( ,insoluble ,azo ,col\rs 9 ! ,=m ( ,pigm5ts -- ,! ,g5]al ,prop]ties ( ,lakes ,produc$ f ,artificial ,col\rs -- ,wa%+1 ,filt]+ & ,f9i%+ -- ,mat*+ & ,te/+ ,lake ,pigm5ts -- ,index4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,m9]al ,,& ,,lake ,,pigm5ts4 ,conta9+ 7p4 c#jc7 ,directions = ! ,manufacture ( all ,artificial1 ,arti/s & ,pa9t]s' ,col\rs1 ,enamel1 ,soot & ,metallic ,pigm5ts4 ,a ,text-book = ,manufactur]s1 ,m]*ants1 ,arti/s & ,pa9t]s4 ,by ,dr4 ,josef ,,b]s*4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,c4 ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 7,oxon471 ,b4,sc4 7,lond474 ,=ty-?ree ,illu/rations4 #dgf pp41 demy #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #acs4 home2 #acs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction -- ,physico-*emical ,behavi\r ( ,pigm5ts -- ,raw ,mat]ials ,employ$ 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,pigm5ts -- ,assi/ant ,mat]ials -- ,metallic ,comp\nds -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,:ite ,lead -- ,enamel ,:ite -- ,wa%+ ,app>atus -- ,z9c ,:ite -- ,yell[ ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,*rome ,yell[ -- ,lead ,oxide ,pigm5ts -- ,o!r ,yell[ ,pigm5ts -- ,mosaic ,gold -- ,r$ ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,v]milion -- ,antimony ,v]milion -- ,f]ric ,oxide ,pigm5ts -- ,o!r ,r$ ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,purple ( ,cassius -- ,blue ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,ultram>9e -- ,manufacture ( ,ultram>9e -- ,blue ,copp] ,pigm5ts -- ,blue ,cobalt ,pigm5ts -- ,smalts -- ,gre5 ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,em]ald ,gre5 -- ,v]digris -- ,*romium ,oxide -- ,o!r ,gre5 ,*romium ,pigm5ts -- ,gre5 ,cobalt ,pigm5ts -- ,gre5 ,manganese ,pigm5ts -- ,comp\nd$ ,gre5 ,pigm5ts -- ,violet ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,br[n ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,br[n ,decomposition ,products -- ,black ,pigm5ts -- ,manufacture ( ,soot ,pigm5ts -- ,manufacture ( ,lamp ,black -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,soot ,black )\t ,*amb]s -- ,indian ,ink -- ,enamel ,col\rs -- ,metallic ,pigm5ts -- ,bronze ,pigm5ts -- ,vegetable ,bronze ,pigm5ts4 ,,pigm5ts ,,( ,,organic ,,orig9 -- ,lakes -- ,yell[ ,lakes -- ,r$ ,lakes -- ,manufacture ( ,c>m9e -- ,! ,col\r+ ,matt] ( ,lac -- ,saffl[] or ,c>?am9e ,r$ -- ,madd] & its ,col\r+ ,matt]s -- ,madd] ,lakes -- ,manjit 7,indian ,madd]7 -- ,li*5 ,col\r+ ,matt]s -- ,r$ ,wood ,lakes -- ,! ,col\r+ ,matt]s ( ,s&al ,wood & ,o!r ,dye ,woods -- ,blue ,lakes -- ,indigo ,c>m9e -- ,! ,col\r+ ,matt] ( ,log ,wood -- ,gre5 ,lakes -- ,br[n ,organic ,pigm5ts -- ,sap ,col\rs -- ,wat] ,col\rs -- ,crayons -- ,confection]y ,col\rs -- ,! ,prep>ation ( ,pigm5ts = ,pa9t+ -- ,! ,exam9ation ( ,pigm5ts -- ,exam9ation ( ,lakes -- ,! ,te/+ ( ,dye-,woods -- ,! ,design ( a ,col\r ,works -- ,comm]cial ,names ( ,pigm5ts -- ,app5dix3 ,conv]sion ( ,metric to ,engli% ,weights & ,measures -- ,c5tigrade & ,fahr5heit ,!rmomet] ,scales -- ,index4 ,,recipes ,,= ,,! ,,col\r1 ,,pa9t1 ,,v>ni%1 ,,oil1 ,,soap ,,& ,,drysalt]y ,,trades4 ,compil$ by ,,an ,,analytical ,,*emi/4 #cej pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #hs4 home2 #hs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,pigm5ts or ,col\rs = ,pa9ts1 ,li?ographic & ,lett]press ,pr9t+ ,inks1 etc4 -- ,mix$ ,pa9ts & ,prep>ations = ,pa9t-mak+1 ,pa9t+1 ,lime-wa%+1 ,pap]hang+1 etc4 -- ,v>ni%es = ,coa*-build]s1 ,cab9etmak]s1 ,wood-work]s1 ,metal-work]s1 ,photograph]s1 etc4 -- ,soaps = ,toilet1 ,cleans+1 ,poli%+1 etc4 -- ,p]fumes -- ,lubricat+ ,greases1 ,oils1 etc4 -- ,cem5ts1 ,pa/es1 ,glues & ,o!r ,adhesive ,prep>ations -- ,writ+1 ,m>k+1 ,endors+ & ,o!r ,inks -- ,seal+-wax & ,(fice ,requisites -- ,prep>ations = ! ,laundry1 ,kit*51 ,/able & ,g5]al ,h\sehold ,uses -- ,dis9fectant ,prep>ations -- ,miscellane\s ,prep>ations -- ,index4 ,,oil ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pr9t]s' ,,inks4 ,by ,l\is ,edg> ,,&,s4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 #bae pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ef ,illu/rations4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,poppy ,oil -- ,me*anical ,purification ( ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,*emical ,purification ( ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,blea*+ ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,oxidiz+ ,ag5ts = ,boil+ ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,!ory ( ,oil ,boil+ -- ,manufacture ( ,boil$ ,oil -- ,adult]ations ( ,boil$ ,oil -- ,*9ese ,dry+ ,oil & ,o!r ,specialities -- ,pigm5ts = ,h\se & ,arti/ic ,pa9t+ & ,inks -- ,pigm5t = ,pr9t]s' ,black ,inks -- ,sub/itutes = ,lampblack -- ,ma*9]y = ,col\r ,gr9d+ & ,rubb+ -- ,ma*9es = mix+ ,pigm5ts ) ! ,vehicle -- ,pa9t ,mills -- ,manufacture ( ,h\se ,oil ,pa9ts -- ,%ip ,pa9ts -- ,lum9\s ,pa9t -- ,arti/s' ,col\rs -- ,pr9t]s' ,inks3 -- ,,vehicles -- ,pr9t]s' ,inks3 -- ,,pigm5ts & ,,manufacture -- ,index4 7,see also ,writ+ ,inks1 p4 #aa47 ,,?ree ,,hundr$ ,,%ades ,,= ,,decorators ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,mix ,,!m4 7,see page #bh47 ,,case94 ,by ,rob]t ,,s*]]4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by 7p4 c#jd7 ,*as4 ,,salt]4 ,demy #hvo4 ,illu/rat$4 #afj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net1 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,case93 its ,orig91 ,prep>ation & ,prop]ties4 ,v>i\s ,me?ods ( ,prep>+ ,case94 ,composition & ,prop]ties ( ,case94 ,case9 ,pa9ts4 -- ,m>ble-,lime ,col\r = ,outside ,"w -- ,case9 ,enamel ,pa9t -- ,case9 ,faade ,pa9t -- ,cold-,wat] ,pa9t 9 ,p[d] ,=m -- ,ki/ory's ,recipe = ,case9 ,pa9t & ,v>ni% -- ,pure ,case9 ,pa9ts = ,walls1 etc4 -- ,case9 ,pa9ts = ,woodwork & ,iron -- ,case9-,silicate ,pa9ts -- ,milk ,pa9ts -- ,case9-,silicate ,pa9t ,recipes -- ,trojel's ,boil$ ,oil ,sub/itute -- ,calsom9e ,wa% -- ,quick-,dry+ ,case9 ,pa9t -- ,boil$ ,oil ,sub/itute -- ,r+'s ,cold-,wat] ,pa9t -- ,=mo-lact9 -- ,wat]pro( ,pa9t = ,play+ ,c>ds -- ,case9 ,col\r ,lake -- ,case9-,cem5t ,pa9t4 ,! ,te*nics ( ,case9 ,pa9t+4 ,case9 ,adhesives & ,putties4 -- ,case9 ,glue 9 ,plates or ,flakes -- ,j]om9's ,case9 ,adhesive -- ,hall's ,case9 ,glue -- ,wat]pro( ,glue -- ,liquid ,case9 ,glue -- ,case9 & ,borax ,glue -- ,solid ,case9 ,adhesive -- ,case9 ,solution -- ,glue ,p[d] -- ,case9 ,putties -- ,wa%able ,cem5t = ,deal ,bo>ds -- ,w5k's ,case9 ,cem5t -- ,case9 & ,lime ,cem5t ,pit* ,b>m -- ,case9 ,/opp+ -- ,case9 ,cem5t = ,/one4 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,pla/ic ,masses f ,case94 -- ,imitation ,ivory -- ,anti-,radiation & ,anti-,corrosive ,composition -- ,dickmann's ,cov]+ = ,floors & ,walls -- ,imitation ,l9oleum -- ,imitation ,lea!r -- ,imitation ,bone -- ,pla/ic ,mass ( ,k]at9 & ,case9 -- ,insulat+ ,mass -- ,pla/ic ,case9 ,masses -- ,horny ,case9 ,mass -- ,pla/ic ,mass f ,celluloid -- ,case9 ,cellulose ,composition -- ,fire-pro( ,cellulose ,sub/itute -- ,nitrocellulose & ,case9 ,composition -- ,franquet's ,celluloid ,sub/itute -- ,galali?4 ,uses ( ,case9 9 ! ,textile ,indu/ry1 = ,f9i%+ ,col\r ,pr9t+1 etc4 -- ,caseogum -- ,glut9 -- ,case9 ,dress+ = ,l95 & ,cotton ,fabrics -- ,pr9t+ ,col\r ) ,metallic ,lu/re -- ,process = ,s(t5+1 ,siz+ & ,load+ -- ,fix+ ,case9 & ,o!r ,album9oids on ! ,fibre -- ,fix+ ,insoluble ,col\r+ ,matt]s -- ,wat]pro(+ & ,s(t5+ ,dress+ -- ,case9 = ,m]c]is+ ,crpe -- ,fix+ ,z9c ,:ite on ,cotton ) ,=maldehyde -- ,case9-,magnesia -- ,case9 ,m$ium = ,calico ,pr9t+ -- ,load+ ,silk4 ,case9 ,food/uffs4 -- ,case9 ,food -- ,syn!tic ,milk -- ,milk ,food -- ,emulsifiable ,case9 -- ,case9 ,phosphate = ,bak+ -- ,mak+ ,bread1 ,l[ 9 ,c>bohydrates1 f ,fl\r & ,curd -- ,prep>+ ,soluble ,case9 ,comp\nds ) ,citrates -- ,case9 ,food4 ,sundry ,applications ( ,case94 -- ,uses ( ,case9 9 ! ,pap] ,indu/ry -- ,meta*romotype ,pap] -- ,siz+ ,pap] ) ,case9 -- ,wat]pro(+ ,pap] -- ,case9 ,solution = ,coat+ ,pap] -- ,horn's ,cle> ,solution ( ,case9 -- ,wat]- & ,fire-pro( ,asbe/os ,pap] & ,bo>d -- ,pap] ,flasks1 etc41 = ,oils & ,fats -- ,wa%able ,draw+ & ,writ+ ,pap]--,pap] ,wrapp]+ = ,food1 ,clo?+1 etc4 -- ,pa9t ,remov] -- ,case9 ,photographic ,plates -- ,wood-,cem5t ,ro(+ ,pulp -- ,cask ,glaze ( ,case9 & ,=maldehyde -- ,arti/s' ,canvas -- ,solidify+ ,m9]al ,oils -- ,uses ( ,case9 9 ,photography -- ,case9 ,o9tm5t -- ,cl>ify+ ,glue ) ,case9 -- ,case9 9 ,soap-mak+ -- ,case9-,albumose ,soap -- ,case9 9 ,%eets1 ,blocks1 etc4 -- ,wat]pro( ,case94 ,,simple ,,me?ods ,,= ,,te/+ ,,pa9t]s' ,,mat]ials4 ,by ,a4 ,c4 ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 7,oxon471 ,b4,sc4 7,lond474 ,cr[n #hvo4 #afj pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,necessity = ,te/+ -- ,/&>ds -- ,arrangem5t -- ,! ,app>atus -- ,! ,reag5ts -- ,practical ,te/s -- ,dry ,col\rs -- ,/iff ,pa9ts -- ,liquid & ,enamel ,pa9ts -- ,oil ,v>ni%es -- ,_s ,v>ni%es -- ,dri]s -- ,putty -- ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,turp5t9e -- ,wat] ,/a9s -- ,! ,*emical ,exam9ation -- ,dry ,col\rs & ,pa9ts -- ,:ite ,pigm5ts & ,pa9ts -- ,yell[ ,pigm5ts & ,pa9ts -- ,blue ,pigm5ts & ,pa9ts -- ,gre5 ,pigm5ts & ,pa9ts -- ,r$ ,pigm5ts & ,pa9ts -- ,br[n ,pigm5ts & ,pa9ts -- ,black ,pigm5ts & ,pa9ts -- ,oil ,v>ni%es -- ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,turp5t9e4 ,,iron-,,corrosion1 ,,anti-,,f\l+ ,,& ,,anti-,,corrosive ,,pa9ts4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,l\is ,edg> ,,&,s4 ,sixty-two ,illu/rations4 #bge pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,iron-ru/ & its ,=mation -- ,protection f ,ru/+ by ,pa9t -- ,gr\nd+ ! ,iron ) ,l9se$ ,oil1 etc4 -- ,te/+ ,pa9ts -- ,use ( ,t> = ,pa9t+ on ,iron -- ,anti-corrosive ,pa9ts -- ,l9se$ ,v>ni% -- ,*9ese ,wood ,oil -- ,lead ,pigm5ts -- ,iron ,pigm5ts -- ,artificial ,iron ,oxides -- ,c>bon -- ,prep>ation ( ,anti-corrosive ,pa9ts -- ,results ( ,exam9ation ( ,sev]al ,anti-corrosive ,pa9ts -- ,pa9ts = ,%ip's ,bottoms -- ,anti-f\l+ ,compositions -- ,v>i\s ,anti-corrosive & ,%ip's ,pa9ts -- ,(ficial ,/&>d ,specifications = ,ironwork ,pa9ts -- ,index4 ,,! ,,te/+ ,,& ,,valuation ,,( ,,raw ,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,9 ,,pa9t ,,& ,,col\r ,,manufacture4 ,by ,m4 ,w4 ,,jones1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,a ,book = ! ,laboratories ( ,col\r ,works4 #hh pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home & abroad47 ,cont5ts4 7p4 c#je7 ,alum9ium ,comp\nds -- ,*9a ,clay -- ,iron ,comp\nds -- ,potassium ,comp\nds -- ,sodium ,comp\nds -- ,ammonium ,hydrate -- ,acids -- ,*romium ,comp\nds -- ,t9 ,comp\nds -- ,copp] ,comp\nds -- ,lead ,comp\nds -- ,z9c ,comp\nds -- ,manganese ,comp\nds -- ,ars5ic ,comp\nds -- ,antimony ,comp\nds -- ,calcium ,comp\nds -- ,b>ium ,comp\nds -- ,cadmium ,comp\nds -- ,m]cury ,comp\nds -- ,ultram>9e -- ,cobalt & ,c>bon ,comp\nds -- ,oils -- ,index4 ,,/ud5ts' ,,h&book ,,( ,,pa9ts1 ,,col\rs1 ,,oils ,,& ,,v>ni%es4 ,by ,john ,,furnell4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ab ,illu/rations4 #if pp4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bs4 #i;d4 home & abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,plant -- ,*romes -- ,blues -- ,gre5s -- ,e>? ,col\rs -- ,blacks -- ,r$s -- ,lakes -- ,:ites -- ,pa9t]s' ,oils -- ,turp5t9e -- ,oil ,v>ni%es -- ,_s ,v>ni%es -- ,liquid ,pa9ts -- ,enamel ,pa9ts4 ,,v>ni%es ,,& ,,dry+ ,,oils4 ,,oil ,,cru%+1 ,,ref9+ ,,& ,,boil+1 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,l9oleum1 ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,li?ographic ,,inks1 ,,& ,,india-,,rubb] ,,sub/itutes4 ,by ,john ,,g$des ,,mc9to%4 ,be+ ,volume ,i4 ( ! ,second1 greatly enl>g$1 ,engli% ,edition1 9 ?ree ,volumes1 ( ,! ,manufacture ( ,v>ni%es & ,k9dr$ ,indu/ries1 bas$ on & includ+ ! "w ( ,a*4 ,liva*e4 ,demy #hvo4 #aej pp4 #bi ,illu/rations4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,oil ,cru%+ & ,ref9+2 ,oil ,boil+ -- ,!oretical & ,practical2 ,l9oleum ,manufacture2 ,pr9t+ ,ink ,manufacture2 ,rubb] ,sub/itutes2 ,! ,manufacture ( ,dri]s2 ,! ,detection ( ,adult]ation 9 ,l9se$ & o!r ,dry+ ,oils by ,*emical1 ,physical & ,organoleptic ,me?ods4 ,,dry+ ,,oils1 ,,boil$ ,,oil ,,& ,,solid ,,& ,,liquid ,,dri]s4 ,by ,l4 ,e4 ,,&,s4 ,expressly ,writt5 = ?is ,s]ies ( ,special ,te*nical ,books1 & ! ,publi%]s hold ! ,copyright = ,engli% & ,=eign ,editions4 ,=ty-two ,illu/rations4 #cdb pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #acs4 home2 #acs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,prop]ties ( ! ,dry+ ,oils2 ,cause ( ! ,dry+ ,prop]ty2 ,absorption ( ,oxyg52 ,behavi\r t[>ds ,metallic ,oxides1 etc4 -- ,! ,prop]ties ( & ,me?ods = obta9+ ! ,dry+ ,oils -- ,production ( ! ,dry+ ,oils by ,expression & ,extraction2 ,ref9+ & ,blea*+2 ,oil ,cakes & ,meal2 ,! ,ref9+ & ,blea*+ ( ! ,dry+ ,oils2 ,! ,blea*+ ( ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,boil$ ,oil2 ,! ,prep>ation ( ,dry+ ,oils = ,use 9 ! ,gr9d+ ( ,pa9ts & ,arti/s' ,col\rs & 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,v>ni%es by ,heat+ ov] a ,fire or by ,/eam1 by ! ,cold ,process1 by ! ,action ( ,air1 & by ,means ( ! ,electric ,curr5t2 ,! ,dri]s us$ 9 ,boil+ ,l9se$ ,oil2 ,! ,manufacture ( ,boil$ ,oil & ! ,app>atus !re=2 ,liva*e's ,process = ,prep>+ a ,good ,dry+ ,oil & its ,practical ,application -- ,! ,prep>ation ( ,v>ni%es = ,lett]press1 ,li?ographic & ,copp]plate ,pr9t+1 = ,oilclo? & ,wat]pro( ,fabrics2 ,! ,manufacture ( ,?ick5$ ,l9se$ ,oil1 ,burnt ,oil1 ,/& ,oil by ,fire ,heat1 ,sup]heat$ ,/eam1 & by a ,curr5t ( ,air -- ,behavi\r ( ! ,dry+ ,oils & ,boil$ ,oils t[>ds ,atmosph]ic ,influ5ces1 ,wat]1 ,acids & ,alkalies -- ,boil$ ,oil ,sub/itutes -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,solid & ,liquid ,dri]s f ,l9se$ ,oil & ,ros92 ,l9olic ,acid ,comp\nds ( ! ,dri]s -- ,! ,adult]ation & ,exam9ation ( ! ,dry+ ,oils & ,boil$ ,oil4 ,,oils1 ,,fats1 ,,greases1 ,,petroleum4 ,,lubricat+ ,,oils1 ,,fats ,,& ,,greases3 ,_! ,orig91 ,prep>ation1 ,prop]ties1 ,uses & ,analyses4 ,a ,h&book = ,oil ,manufactur]s1 ,ref9]s & ,m]*ants1 & ! ,oil & ,fat ,indu/ry 9 ,g5]al4 ,by ,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,second ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,sixty-five ,illu/rations4 #cag pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introductory -- ,hydroc>bon ,oils -- ,scot* ,%ale ,oils -- ,petroleum -- ,vegetable & ,animal ,oils -- ,te/+ & ,adult]ation ( ,oils -- ,lubricat+ ,greases -- ,lubrication -- ,app5dices -- ,index4 ,,te*nology ,,( ,,petroleum3 ,oil ,fields ( ! ,_w -- ,_! 7p4 c#jf7 ,hi/ory1 ,geography & ,geology -- ,annual ,production & ,developm5t -- ,oil-well ,drill+ -- ,transport4 ,by ,h5ry ,,neub]g] & ,h5ry ,,noalhat4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,j4 ,g4 ,mc,i,n,t,o,s,h4 #eej pp4 #aec ,illu/rations4 #bf ,plates4 ,sup] ,royal #hvo4 ,price #bas4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bas4 #i;d4 home2 #bcs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,/udy ( ! ,petrolif]\s ,/rata4 ,excavations--,h& ,excavation or ,h& ,digg+ ( ,oil ,wells4 ,me?ods ( ,bor+4 ,accid5ts -- ,bor+ ,accid5ts -- ,me?ods ( prev5t+ !m -- ,me?ods ( rem$y+ !m -- ,explosives & ! use ( ! ,torp$o ,levigation -- ,/or+ & ,transport ( ,petroleum -- ,g5]al ,advice -- ,prospect+1 ,managem5t & c>ry+ on ( ,petroleum ,bor+ ,op]ations4 ,g5]al ,data -- ,cu/om>y ,=mul -- ,mem5to4 ,practical ,"p4 ,g5]al ,data be>+ on ,petroleum -- ,gloss>y ( ,te*nical ,t]ms us$ 9 ! ,petroleum ,indu/ry -- ,copi\s ,index4 ,,! ,,practical ,,comp\nd+ ,,( ,,oils1 ,,tall[ ,,& ,,grease ,,= ,,lubrication1 ,,etc4 ,by ,,an ,,exp]t ,,oil ,,ref9]4 #ajj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free4 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introductory ,rem>ks on ! ,g5]al ,nom5clature ( ,oils1 ,tall[ & ,greases suitable = ,lubrication -- ,hydroc>bon ,oils -- ,animal & ,fi% ,oils -- ,comp\nd ,oils -- ,vegetable ,oils -- ,lamp ,oils -- ,eng9e ,tall[1 ,solidifi$ ,oils & ,petroleum ,jelly -- ,ma*9]y ,greases3 ,loco & ,anti-friction -- ,cl>ify+ & ,utilisation ( ,wa/e ,fats1 ,oils1 ,tank ,bottoms1 ,dra9+s ( ,b>rels & ,drums1 ,pick+s ,up1 ,dregs1 etc4 -- ,! ,fix+ & ,clean+ ( ,oil ,tanks1 etc4 -- ,app5dix & ,g5]al ,in=mation4 ,,animal ,,fats ,,& ,,oils3 ,_! ,practical ,production1 ,purification & ,uses = a great ,v>iety ( ,purposes4 ,_! ,prop]ties1 ,falsification & ,exam9ation4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,l\is ,edg> ,,&,s4 ,sixty-two ,illu/rations4 #bdj pp4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction -- ,occurr5ce1 ,orig91 ,prop]ties & ,*emical ,con/itution ( ,animal ,fats -- ,prep>ation ( ,animal ,fats & ,oils -- ,ma*9]y -- ,tall[-melt+ ,plant -- ,extraction ,plant -- ,presses -- ,filt]+ ,app>atus -- ,butt]3 ,raw ,mat]ial & ,prep>ation1 ,prop]ties1 ,adult]ations1 ,beef ,l>d or ,remelt$ ,butt]1 ,te/+ -- ,c&le-fi% ,oil -- ,mutton-,tall[ -- ,h>e ,fat -- ,goose ,fat -- ,neatsfoot ,oil -- ,bone ,fat3 ,bone ,boil+1 ,/eam+ ,bones1 ,extraction1 ,ref9+ -- ,bone ,oil -- ,artificial ,butt]3 ,oleom>g>9e1 ,m>g>9e ,manufacture 9 ,france1 ,grasso's ,process1 ,kais]'s ,butt]1 ,jahr ,mnzb]g's ,me?od1 ,filb]t's ,process1 ,w9t]'s ,me?od -- ,human ,fat -- ,horse ,fat -- ,beef ,m>r[ -- ,turtle ,oil -- ,hog's ,l>d3 ,raw ,mat]ial -- ,prep>ation1 ,prop]ties1 ,adult]ations1 ,exam9ation -- ,l>d ,oil -- ,fi% ,oils -- ,liv] ,oils -- ,artificial ,tra9 ,oil -- ,wool ,fat3 ,prop]ties1 ,purifi$ ,wool ,fat -- ,sp]maceti3 ,exam9ation ( ,fats & ,oils 9 ,g5]al4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,lubricants1 ,,%oe ,,poli%es ,,& ,,lea!r ,,dress+s4 ,by ,ri*>d ,,brunn]4 ,translat$ f ! ,six? ,g]man ,edition by ,*as4 ,,salt]4 #aj ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #agj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,manufacture ( ,lubricants & ,greases -- ,prop]ties ( ! ,bodies us$ z ,lubricants -- ,raw ,mat]ials = ,lubricants -- ,solid ,lubricants -- ,tall[ ,lubricants -- ,palm ,oil ,greases -- ,lead ,soap ,lubricants -- ,true ,soap ,greases -- ,ca\t*\c ,lubricants -- ,o!r ,solid ,lubricants -- ,liquid ,lubricants -- ,lubricat+ ,oils 9 ,g5]al -- ,ref9+ ,oils = ,lubricat+ ,purposes -- ,cohesion ,oils -- ,res9 ,oils -- ,lubricants ( ,fat & ,res9 ,oil -- ,neatsfoot ,oil -- ,bone ,fat -- ,lubricants = ,special ,purposes -- ,m9]al ,lubricat+ ,oils -- ,clockmak]s' & ,sew+ ,ma*9e ,oils -- ,! ,application ( ,lubricants to ,ma*9]y -- ,remov+ ,?ick5$ ,grease & ,oil -- ,clean+ ,oil ,rags & ,cotton ,wa/e -- ,! ,use ( ,lubricants -- ,%oe ,poli%es & ,lea!r ,s(t5+ ,prep>ations -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,%oe ,poli%es & ,prep>ations = ,v>ni%+ & ,s(t5+ ,lea!r -- ,! ,prep>ation ( ,bone ,black -- ,black+ & ,%oe ,poli%es -- ,lea!r ,v>ni%es -- ,lea!r ,s(t5+ ,prep>ations -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,dgras4 ,,! ,,oil ,,m]*ants' ,,manual ,,& ,,oil ,,trade ,,ready ,,reckon]4 7p4 c#jg7 ,compil$ by ,frank ,p4 ,,%]riff4 ,second ,edition ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,demy #hvo4 #bad pp4 #aijd4 ,) ,two ,%eets ( ,tables4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,trade ,t]ms & ,cu/oms -- ,tables to ,asc]ta9 ,value ( ,oil sold p]cwt4 or ton -- ,specific ,gravity ,tables -- ,p]c5tage ,t>e ,tables -- ,petroleum ,tables -- ,p>aff9e & ,b5zol9e ,calculations -- ,cu/om>y ,drafts -- ,tables = ,calculat+ ,all[ance = ,dirt1 ,wat]1 etc4 -- ,capacity ( ,circul> ,tanks ,tables1 etc41 etc4 ,,vegetable ,,fats ,,& ,,oils3 ,_! ,practical ,prep>ation4 ,purification & ,employm5t = ,v>i\s ,purposes1 _! ,prop]ties1 ,adult]ation & ,exam9ation4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,l\is ,edg> ,,&,s4 ,n9ety-f\r ,illu/rations4 #cdj pp4 ,second ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,g5]al ,prop]ties -- ,e/imation ( ! ,am\nt ( ,oil 9 ,se$s -- ,! ,prep>ation ( ,vegetable ,fats & ,oils -- ,app>atus = ,gr9d+ ,oil ,se$s & ,fruits -- ,in/allation ( ,oil & ,fat ,works -- ,extraction ,me?od ( ,obta9+ ,oils & ,fats -- ,oil ,extraction ,in/allations -- ,press ,m\lds -- ,non-dry+ ,vegetable ,oils -- ,vegetable dry+ ,oils -- ,solid ,vegetable ,fats -- ,fruits ,yield+ ,oils & ,fats -- ,wool-s(t5+ ,oils -- ,soluble ,oils -- ,treatm5t ( ! ,oil aft] ,leav+ ! ,press -- ,improv$ ,me?ods ( ,ref9+ -- ,blea*+ ,fats & ,oils -- ,practical ,exp]im5ts on ! ,treatm5t ( ,oils ) reg>d to ,ref9+ & ,blea*+ -- ,te/+ ,oils & ,fats4 ,,ess5tial ,,oils ,,& ,,p]fumes4 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,ess5tial ,,oils ,,& ,,artificial ,,p]fumes4 ,by ,erne/ ,j4 ,,p>ry1 ,b4,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 #daa pp4 #bj ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #acs4 home2 #acs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,g5]al ,prop]ties ( ,ess5tial ,oils -- ,comp\nds occurr+ 9 ,ess5tial ,oils -- ,! ,prep>ation ( ,ess5tial ,oils -- ,! ,analysis ( ,ess5tial ,oils -- ,sy/ematic ,/udy ( ! ,ess5tial ,oils -- ,t]p5eless ,oils -- ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,artificial ,p]fumes -- ,app5dix3 ,table ( ,con/ants -- ,index4 ,,soaps4 ,,soaps4 ,a ,practical ,manual ( ! ,manufacture ( ,dome/ic1 ,toilet & o!r ,soaps4 ,by ,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 #cij pp4 #ff ,illu/rations4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #acs4 home2 #acs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introductory -- ,soap-mak]'s ,alkalies -- ,soap ,fats & ,oils -- ,p]fumes -- ,wat] z a ,soap ,mat]ial -- ,soap ,ma*9]y -- ,te*nology ( ,soap-mak+ -- ,glyc]9e 9 ,soap ,lyes -- ,lay+ out a ,soap ,factory -- ,soap ,analysis -- ,app5dices4 ,,textile ,,soaps ,,& ,,oils4 ,h&book on ! ,prep>ation1 ,prop]ties & ,analysis ( ! ,soaps & ,oils us$ 9 ,textile ,manufactur+1 ,dye+ & ,pr9t+4 ,by ,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aie pp4 #aijd4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,me?ods ( ,mak+ ,soaps -- ,h>d ,soap -- ,s(t ,soap4 ,special ,textile ,soaps -- ,wool ,soaps -- ,calico ,pr9t]s' ,soaps -- ,dy]s' ,soaps4 ,relation ( ,soap to ,wat] = ,indu/rial ,purposes -- ,treat+ ,wa/e ,soap ,liquors -- ,boil$ ,(f ,liquor -- ,calico ,pr9t]s & ,dy]s' ,soap ,liquors -- ,soap ,analysis -- ,fat 9 ,soap4 ,,animal ,,& ,,vegetable ,,oils ,,& ,,fats -- ,tall[ -- ,l>d -- ,bone ,grease-,tall[ ,oil4 ,vegetable ,soap1 ,oils & ,fats -- ,palm ,oil -- ,coco-nut ,oil -- ,olive ,oil -- ,cottonse$ ,oil -- ,l9se$ ,oil -- ,ca/or ,oil -- ,corn ,oil -- ,:ale ,oil or ,tra9 ,oil -- ,repe ,oil4 ,,glyc]9e4 ,,textile ,,oils -- ,oleic ,acid -- ,bl5d$ ,wool ,oils -- ,oils = ,cotton ,dye+1 ,pr9t+ & ,f9i%+ -- ,turkey ,r$ ,oil -- ,aliz>9e ,oil -- ,ole9e -- ,oxy ,turkey ,r$ ,oils -- ,soluble ,oil-,analysis ( ,turkey ,r$ ,oil -- ,f9i%]'s ,soluble ,oil -- ,f9i%]'s ,soap ,s(t5+ -- ,te/+ & ,adult]ation ( ,oils -- ,index4 ,,cosmetical ,,prep>ations4 7p4 c#jh7 ,,cosmetics3 ,,manufacture1 ,,employm5t ,,& ,,te/+ ,,( ,,all ,,cosmetic ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,cosmetic ,,specialities4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,dr4 ,!odor ,,koll]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bfb pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,purposes & ,uses (1 & ,+r$i5ts us$ 9 ! ,prep>ation ( ,cosmetics -- ,prep>ation ( ,p]fumes by ,pressure1 ,di/illation1 ,mac]ation1 ,absorption or ,enfleurage1 & ,extraction ,me?ods -- ,*emical & ,animal ,products us$ 9 ! ,prep>ation ( ,cosmetics -- ,oils & ,fats us$ 9 ! ,prep>ation ( ,cosmetics -- ,g5]al ,cosmetic ,prep>ations -- ,m\? ,wa%es & ,too? ,pa/es -- ,hair ,dyes1 ,hair ,re/or]s & ,depilatories -- ,cosmetic ,adjuncts & ,specialities -- ,col\r+ ,cosmetic ,prep>ations -- ,antiseptic ,wa%es & ,soaps -- ,toilet & ,hygi5ic ,soaps -- ,secret ,prep>ations = ,sk91 ,complexion1 ,tee?1 ,m\?1 etc4 -- ,te/+ & ,exam9+ ! ,mat]ials ,employ$ 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,cosmetics -- ,index4 ,,glue1 ,,bone ,,products ,,& ,,manures4 ,,glue ,,& ,,glue ,,te/+4 ,by ,samuel ,,rideal1 ,d4,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,i4,c4 ,f\rte5 ,engrav+s4 #add pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,con/itution & ,prop]ties3 ,def9itions & ,s\rces1 ,gelat9e1 ,*ondr9 & ,alli$ ,bodies1 ,physical & ,*emical ,prop]ties1 ,classification1 ,grades & ,comm]cial ,v>ieties -- ,raw ,mat]ials & ,manufacture3 ,glue ,/ock1 ,l9+1 ,extraction1 ,wa%+ & ,cl>ify+1 ,filt] ,presses1 ,wat] ,supply1 ,use ( ,alkalies1 ,action ( ,bact]ia & ( ,antiseptics1 ,v>i\s ,processes1 ,cleans+1 ,=m+1 ,dry+1 ,cru%+1 etc41 ,second>y ,products -- ,uses ( ,glue3 ,selection & ,prep>ation = ,use1 ,c>p5try1 ,v5e]+1 ,pap]-,mak+1 ,bookb9d+1 ,pr9t+ ,roll]s1 ,hectographs1 ,mat* ,manufacture1 ,s&pap]1 etc41 ,sub/itutes = o!r ,mat]ials1 ,artificial ,lea!r & ,ca\t*\c -- ,gelat9e3 ,g5]al ,*>act]s1 ,liquid ,gelat9e1 ,photographic ,uses1 ,size1 ,tanno-1 ,*rome & ,=mo-,gelat9e1 ,artificial ,silk1 ,cem5ts1 ,pneumatic ,tyres1 ,cul9>y1 ,meat ,extracts1 ,is+lass1 ,m$ic9al & o!r ,uses1 ,bact]iology -- ,glue ,te/+3 ,review ( ,processes1 ,*emical ,exam9ation1 ,adult]ation1 ,physical ,te/s1 ,valuation ( ,raw ,mat]ials -- ,comm]cial ,aspects4 ,,bone ,,products ,,& ,,manures3 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! mo/ rec5t ,improvem5ts 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,fat1 ,glue1 ,animal ,*>coal1 ,size1 ,gelat9e & ,manures4 ,by ,?omas ,,lamb]t1 ,te*nical & ,consult+ ,*emi/4 ,illu/rat$ by ,tw5ty-"o ,plans & ,diagrams4 #afb pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,*emical ,composition ( ,bones -- ,arrangem5t ( ,factory -- ,prop]ties ( ,glue -- ,glut9 & ,*ondr9 -- ,sk9 ,glue -- ,lim+ ( ,sk9s -- ,wa%+ -- ,boil+ ( ,sk9s -- ,cl>ification ( ,glue ,liquors -- ,glue-,boil+ & ,cl>ify+-,h\se -- ,specification ( a ,glue -- ,size -- ,uses & ,prep>ation & ,composition ( ,size -- ,conc5trat$ ,size -- ,prop]ties ( ,gelat9e -- ,prep>ation ( ,sk9 ,gelat9e -- ,dry+ -- ,bone ,gelat9e -- ,select+ ,bones -- ,cru%+ -- ,dissolv+ -- ,blea*+ -- ,boil+ -- ,prop]ties ( ,glut9 & ,*ondr9 -- ,te/+ ( ,glues & ,gelat9es -- ,! ,uses ( ,glue1 ,gelat9e & ,size 9 ,v>i\s ,trades -- ,soluble & ,liquid ,glues -- ,/eam & ,wat]pro( ,glues -- ,manures -- ,importation ( ,food ,/uffs -- ,soils -- ,g]m9ation -- ,plant ,life -- ,natural ,manures -- ,wat] & ,nitrog5 9 ,f>my>d ,manure -- ,full ,analysis ( ,f>my>d ,manure -- ,action on ,crops -- ,wat]-,closet ,sy/em -- ,sewage ,manure -- ,gre5 ,manures -- ,artificial ,manures -- ,m9]al ,manures -- ,nitrog5\s ,matt]s -- ,%oddy -- ,ho(s & ,horns -- ,lea!r ,wa/e -- ,dri$ ,meat -- ,dri$ ,blood -- ,sup]phosphates -- ,composition -- ,manufacture -- ,common ,raw ,bones -- ,degreas$ ,bones -- ,crude ,fat -- ,ref9$ ,fat -- ,degelat9is$ ,bones -- ,animal ,*>coal -- ,bone ,sup]phosphates -- ,guanos -- ,dri$ ,animal ,products -- ,pota% ,comp\nds -- ,sulphate ( ,ammonia -- ,extraction 9 ,vacuo -- ,fr5* & ,briti% ,gelat9es comp>$ -- ,index4 ,,*emicals1 ,,wa/e ,,products ,,& ,,agricultural ,,*emi/ry4 7p4 c#ji7 ,,reissue ,,( ,,*emical ,,essays ,,( ,c4 ,w4 ,,s*eele4 ,fir/ ,publi%$ 9 ,engli% 9 #aghf4 ,translat$ f ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,/ockholm1 ) ,additions4 #cjj pp4 ,demy #hvo1 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #f;d4 home2 #es4 #i;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,memoir3 ,c4 ,w4 ,s*eele & 8 "w 7writt5 = ?is edition by ,j4 ,g4 ,mc,intosh7 -- ,on ,fluor ,m9]al & its ,acid -- ,on ,fluor ,m9]al -- ,*emical ,inve/igation ( ,fluor ,acid1 ) a ,view to ! ,e>? :i* x ,yields1 by ,mr4 ,wiegl] -- ,additional ,in=mation ,conc]n+ ,fluor ,m9]als -- ,on ,manganese1 ,magnesium1 or ,magnesia ,vitr>iorum -- ,on ,ars5ic & its ,acid -- ,rem>ks ^u ,salts ( ,b5zo9--,on ,silex1 ,clay & ,alum -- ,analysis ( ! ,calculus ,vesical -- ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,m]curius ,dulcis ,via ,humida -- ,*eap] & m ,conv5i5t ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,pulvis ,alg>o?i -- ,exp]im5ts ^u ,molybdna -- ,exp]im5ts on ,plumbago -- ,me?od ( ,prep>+ a ,new ,gre5 ,col\r -- ,( ! ,decomposition ( ,neutral ,salts by ,unslak$ ,lime & ,iron -- ,on ! ,quantity ( ,pure ,air :i* is ,daily ,pres5t 9 our ,atmosph]e -- ,on ,milk & its ,acid -- ,on ! ,acid ( ,sac*>um ,lactis -- ,on ! ,con/itu5t ,p>ts ( ,lapis ,pond]osus or ,tung/5 -- ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations on ,e!r -- ,index4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,alum ,,& ,,! ,,sulphates ,,& ,,o!r ,,salts ,,( ,,alum9a ,,& ,,iron4 ,_! ,uses & ,applications z ,mordants 9 ,dye+ & ,calico ,pr9t+1 & _! o!r ,applications 9 ! ,arts1 ,manufactures1 ,sanit>y ,eng9e]+1 ,agriculture & ,horticulture4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,luci5 ,,ges*w9d4 #aie ,illu/rations4 #djj pp4 ,royal #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #acs4 home2 #acs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,!oretical ,/udy ( ,alum9ium1 ,iron1 & ,comp\nds ( ^! ,metals -- ,alum9ium & its ,comp\nds -- ,iron & ,iron ,comp\nds4 ,manufacture ( ,alum9ium ,sulphates & ,sulphates ( ,iron -- ,manufacture ( ,alum9ium ,sulphate & ! ,alums -- ,manufacture ( ,sulphates ( ,iron4 ,uses ( ! ,sulphates ( ,alum9ium & ,iron -- ,uses ( ,alum9ium ,sulphate & ,alums -- ,application to ,wool & ,silk -- ,prep>+ & us+ ,alum9ium ,acetates -- ,employm5t ( ,alum9ium ,sulphate 9 ,c>bonis+ ,wool -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,lake ,pigm5ts -- ,manufacture ( ,prussian ,blue -- ,hide & ,lea!r ,indu/ry -- ,pap] ,mak+ -- ,h>d5+ ,pla/] -- ,lime ,wa%es -- ,prep>ation ( ,non-inflammable ,wood1 etc4 -- ,purification ( ,wa/e ,wat]s4 -- ,uses & ,applications ( ,f]r\s ,sulphate & ,f]ric ,sulphates -- ,dye+ -- ,manufacture ( ,pigm5ts -- ,writ+ ,inks -- ,purification ( ,light+ ,gas -- ,agriculture -- ,cotton ,dye+ -- ,dis9fectant -- ,purify+ ,wa/e ,liquors -- ,manufacture ( ,nordhaus5 ,sulphuric ,acid -- ,f]tilis+4 ,*emical ,*>act]i/ics ( ,iron & ,alum9ium -- ,analysis ( ,v>i\s ,alum9\s or ,f]rug9\s ,products -- ,alum9ium -- ,analys+ ,alum9ium ,products --,alunite ,alum9a -- ,sodium ,alum9ate -- ,alum9ium ,sulphate -- ,iron -- ,analytical ,*>act]i/ics ( ,iron ,salts -- ,analysis ( ,pyritic ,lignite -- ,f]r\s & ,f]ric ,sulphates -- ,r\il ,mordant -- ,index4 ,,ammonia ,,& ,,its ,,comp\nds3 ,_! ,manufacture & ,uses4 ,by ,camille ,,v9c5t1 ,pr(essor at ! ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,manufactures1 ,p>is4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,m4 ,j4 ,,salt]4 ,royal #hvo4 #aad pp4 ,?irty-two ,illu/rations4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,g5]al ,consid]ations3 ,v>i\s ,s\rces ( ,ammoniacal ,products2 ,human ,ur9e z a ,s\rce ( ,ammonia -- ,extraction ( ,ammoniacal ,products f ,sewage -- ,extraction ( ,ammonia f ,gas ,liquor -- ,manufacture ( ,ammoniacal ,comp\nds f ,bones1 ,nitrog5\s ,wa/e1 ,beetroot ,wa% & ,peat -- ,manufacture ( ,cau/ic ,ammonia1 & ,ammonium ,*loride1 ,phosphate & ,c>bonate -- ,recov]y ( ,ammonia f ! ,ammonia-,soda ,"m ,liquors -- ,index4 ,,indu/rial ,,alcohol4 ,a ,practical ,manual on ! ,production & 7p4 c#aj7 ,use ( ,alcohol = ,indu/rial ,purposes & = ,use z a ,heat+ ,ag5t1 z an ,illum9ant & z a ,s\rce ( ,motive ,p[]4 ,by ,j4 ,g4 ,m',,into%1 ,lectur] on ,manufacture & ,applications ( ,indu/rial ,alcohol at ,! ,polyte*nic1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,london4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijg4 #bej pp4 ,) #ge ,illu/rations & #be ,tables4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #i;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,alcohol & its ,prop]ties4 -- ,e?ylic ,alcohol -- ,absolute ,alcohol -- ,adult]ations -- ,prop]ties ( ,alcohol -- ,fractional ,di/illation -- ,de/ructive ,di/illation -- ,products ( ,combu/ion -- ,alcoholometry -- ,pro( ,_s -- ,analysis ( ,alcohol -- ,table %[+ ,correspond5ce betwe5 ! ,specific ,gravity & ,p] ,c5ts4 ( ,alcohol ov] & "u ,pro( -- ,o!r ,alcohol ,tables4 ,cont9u\s ,aseptic & ,antiseptic ,f]m5tation & ,/]ilisation 9 ,indu/rial ,alcohol ,manufacture4 ,! ,manufacture ( ,indu/rial ,alcohol f ,beets4 -- ,beet ,slic+ ,ma*9es -- ,extraction ( ,beet ,juice by ,mac]ation1 by ,diffusion -- ,f]m5tation 9 ,beet ,di/ill]ies -- ,plans ( ,mod]n ,beet ,di/ill]y1 ,! ,manufacture ( ,indu/rial ,alcohol f ,gra94 -- ,plan ( ,mod]n ,gra9 ,di/ill]y4 ,! ,manufacture ( ,indu/rial ,alcohol f ,potatoes4 ,! ,manufacture ( ,indu/rial ,alcohol f ,surplus ,/ocks ( ,w9e1 ,spoilt ,w9e1 ,w9e ,m>cs1 & f ,fruit 9 ,g5]al4 ,! ,manufacture ( ,alcohol f ! ,sug> ,cane & ,sug> ,cane ,molasses -- ,plans4 ,plant1 etc41 = ! ,di/illation & ,rectification ( ,indu/rial ,alcohol4 -- ,! ,caffey & o!r ,pat5t ,/ills -- ,int]mitt5t v]sus ,cont9u\s ,rectification -- ,cont9u\s ,di/illation -- ,rectification ( ,sp5t ,wa%4 ,! ,manufacture & ,uses ( ,v>i\s ,alcohol ,d]ivatives1 ,e!r1 ,haloid ,e!rs1 ,comp\nd ,e!rs1 ,*lor(orm -- ,me?yl & ,amyl ,alcohols & _! ,e!real ,salts1 ,acetone -- ,b>bet's ,e!r1 ,me?yl ,alcohol & ,acetone ,rectify+ ,/ills4 ,! ,uses ( ,alcohol 9 ,manufactures1 etc4 -- ,li/ ( ,indu/ries 9 :i* ,alcohol is us$1 ) ,key to ,function ( ,alcohol 9 ea* ,indu/ry4 ,! ,uses ( ,alcohol = ,light+1 ,heat+1 & ,motive ,p[]4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,res9s ,,& ,,balsams4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,dr4 ,k>l ,,diet]i*4 ,demy #hvo4 #cdj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,,manual ,,( ,,agricultural ,,*emi/ry4 ,by ,h]b]t ,,+le1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,lectur] on ,agricultural ,*emi/ry1 ! ,york%ire ,college2 ,lectur] 9 ! ,victoria ,univ]sity4 #chh pp4 #aa ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #hs4 home2 #hs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction -- ,! ,atmosph]e -- ,! ,soil -- ,! ,reactions occurr+ 9 ,soils -- ,! ,analysis ( ,soils -- ,manures1 ,natural -- ,manures 7cont9u$7 -- ,! ,analysis ( ,manures -- ,! ,con/itu5ts ( ,plants -- ,! ,plant -- ,crops -- ,! ,animal -- ,foods & ,fe$+ -- ,milk & ,milk ,products -- ,! ,analysis ( ,milk & ,milk ,products -- ,miscellane\s ,products us$ 9 ,agriculture -- ,app5dix -- ,index4 ,,! ,,utilisation ,,( ,,wa/e ,,products4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,rational ,utilisation1 ,recov]y & ,treatm5t ( ,wa/e ,products ( all k9ds4 ,by ,dr4 ,!odor ,,koll]4 ,translat$ f ! ,second ,revis$ ,g]man ,edition4 ,tw5ty-two ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #bhj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,wa/e ( ,t[ns -- ,ammonia & ,sal-,ammoniac -- ,rational ,processes = ,obta9+ ^! ,sub/ances by ,treat+ ,residues & ,wa/e -- ,residues 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,anil9e ,dyes -- ,amb] ,wa/e -- ,brew]s' ,wa/e -- ,blood & ,slaught]-,h\se ,refuse -- ,manufactur$ ,fuels -- ,wa/e ,pap] & ,bookb9d]s' ,wa/e -- ,iron ,slags -- ,excrem5t -- ,col\r+ ,matt]s f ,wa/e -- ,dy]s' ,wa/e ,wat]s -- ,fat f ,wa/e -- ,fi% ,wa/e -- ,calam9e ,sludge -- ,tann]y ,wa/e -- ,gold & ,silv] ,wa/e -- ,india-rubb] & ,ca\t*\c ,wa/e -- ,residues 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,ros9 ,oil -- ,wood ,wa/e -- ,horn ,wa/e -- ,infusorial ,e>? -- ,iridium f ,goldsmi?s' ,sweep+s -- ,jute ,wa/e -- ,cork ,wa/e -- ,lea!r ,wa/e -- ,glue ,mak]s' ,wa/e -- ,illum9at+ ,gas f ,wa/e & ! ,by-,products ( ! ,manufacture ( ,coal ,gas -- ,me]s*um -- ,molasses--,metal ,wa/e -- ,by-,products 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,m9]al ,wat]s -- ,fruit -- ,! ,by-,products ( ,pap] & ,pap] ,pulp ,works -- ,by-,products 9 ! ,treatm5t ( ,coal ,t> ,oils -- ,fur ,wa/e -- ,! ,wa/e ,matt] 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,p>*m5t ,pap] -- ,"m ( ,pe>l ,wa/e -- ,petroleum ,residues -- ,plat9um ,residues -- ,brok5 ,porcela91 ,e>!nw>e & ,glass -- ,salt ,wa/e -- ,slate ,wa/e -- ,sulphur -- ,burnt ,pyrites -- ,silk ,wa/e -- ,soap ,mak]s' ,wa/e -- ,alkali ,wa/e & ! ,recov]y ( ,soda--,wa/e ,produc$ 9 ,gr9d+ ,mirrors -- ,wa/e ,products 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,/>* -- ,/e>ic ,acid -- ,vegetable ,ivory ,wa/e -- ,turf -- ,wa/e ,wat]s ( ,clo? ,factories -- ,w9e ,residues -- ,t9plate ,wa/e -- ,wool ,wa/e -- ,wool ,sweat -- ,! ,wa/e ,liquids f ,sug> ,works -- ,index4 ,,writ+ ,,inks ,,& ,,seal+ ,,waxes4 7p4 c#aa7 ,,ink ,,manufacture3 ,includ+ ,writ+1 ,copy+1 ,li?ographic1 ,m>k+1 ,/amp+1 & ,laundry ,inks4 ,by ,sigmund ,,lehn]4 ,?ree ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #afb pp4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ! ,fif? ,edition4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,v>ieties ( ,ink -- ,writ+ ,inks -- ,raw ,mat]ials ( ,tann9 ,inks -- ,! ,*emical ,con/itution ( ! ,tann9 ,inks -- ,recipes = ,tann9 ,inks -- ,logwood ,tann9 ,inks -- ,f]ric ,inks -- ,aliz>9e ,inks--,extract ,inks -- ,logwood ,inks -- ,copy+ ,inks -- ,hektographs -- ,hektograph ,inks -- ,safety ,inks -- ,ink ,extracts & ,p[d]s -- ,pres]v+ ,inks -- ,*anges 9 ,ink & ! ,re/oration ( ,fad$ ,writ+ -- ,col\r$ ,inks -- ,r$ ,inks -- ,blue ,inks -- ,violet ,inks -- ,yell[ ,inks -- ,gre5 ,inks -- ,metallic ,inks -- ,indian ,ink -- ,li?ographic ,inks & ,p5cils -- ,ink ,p5cils -- ,m>k+ ,inks -- ,ink ,specialities -- ,sympa!tic ,inks -- ,/amp+ ,inks -- ,laundry or ,wa%+ ,blue -- ,index4 ,,seal+-,,waxes1 ,,waf]s ,,& ,,o!r ,,adhesives ,,= ,,! ,,h\sehold1 ,,(fice1 ,,work%op ,,& ,,factory4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,/&age4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #if pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,mat]ials ,us$ = ,mak+ ,seal+,waxes -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,seal+-,waxes -- ,waf]s -- ,notes on ! ,nature ( ! ,mat]ials ,us$ 9 ,mak+ ,adhesive ,comp\nds -- ,cem5ts = ,use 9 ! ,h\sehold -- ,(fice ,gums1 ,pa/es & ,mucilages -- ,adhesive ,comp\nds = ,factory & ,work%op ,use4 ,,lead ,,ores ,,& ,,comp\nds4 ,,lead ,,& ,,its ,,comp\nds4 ,by ,?os4 ,,lamb]t1 ,te*nical & ,consult+ ,*emi/4 ,demy #hvo4 #bbf pp4 ,=ty ,illu/rations4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,hi/ory -- ,ores ( ,lead -- ,geographical ,di/ribution ( ! ,lead ,indu/ry -- ,*emical & ,physical ,prop]ties ( ,lead -- ,alloys ( ,lead -- ,comp\nds ( ,lead -- ,dress+ ( ,lead ,ores -- ,smelt+ ( ,lead ,ores -- ,smelt+ 9 ! ,scot* or ,am]ican ,ore-he>? -- ,smelt+ 9 ! ,%aft or ,bla/ ,furnace -- ,cond5sation ( ,lead ,fume -- ,desilv]isation1 or ! ,sep>ation ( ,silv] f ,arg5tif]\s ,lead -- ,cupellation -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,lead ,pipes & ,%eets -- ,protoxide ( ,lead -- ,li?>ge & ,massicot -- ,r$ ,lead or ,m9ium -- ,lead ,poison+ -- ,lead ,sub/itutes -- ,z9c & its ,comp\nds -- ,pumice ,/one -- ,dry+ ,oils & ,siccatives -- ,oil ( ,turp5t9e ,res9 -- ,classification ( ,m9]al ,pigm5ts -- ,analysis ( ,raw & ,f9i%$ ,products -- ,tables -- ,index4 ,,notes ,,on ,,lead ,,ores3 ,_! ,di/ribution & ,prop]ties4 ,by ,jas4 ,,fairie1 ,f4,g4,s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fd pages4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bs4 #i;d4 home2 #cs4 abroad47 ,,indu/rial ,,hygi5e4 ,,! ,,risks ,,& ,,dang]s ,,to ,,heal? ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,occupations ,,& ,,_! ,,prev5tion4 ,by ,leon>d ,a4 ,,p>ry1 ,m4,d41 ,b4,sc4 7,lond474 #aif pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,occupations :i* are ,accompani$ by ! ,g5]ation & ,scatt]+ ( ,abnormal ,quantities ( ,du/ -- ,trades 9 :i* !re is ,dang] ( ,metallic ,poison+ -- ,c]ta9 ,*emical ,trades -- ,"s ,miscellane\s ,occupations --,trades 9 :i* ,v>i\s ,poison\s ,vap\rs are ,inhal$ --,g5]al ,hygi5ic ,consid]ations -- ,index4 ,,indu/rial ,,uses ,,( ,,air1 ,,/eam ,,& ,,wat]4 7p4 c#ab7 ,,dry+ ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,air ,,& ,,/eam4 ,explanations1 ,=mul1 & ,tables = ,use 9 ,practice4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,e4 ,,hausrr&4 ,two fold+ ,diagrams & ,?irte5 ,tables4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gb pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,briti% & ,metric ,sy/ems ,comp>$ -- ,c5tigrade & ,fahr4 ,!rmomet]s -- ,e/imation ( ! ,maximum ,weight ( ,saturat$ ,aque\s ,vap\r :i* c be conta9$ 9 #a kilo4 ( ,air at ,diff]5t ,pressure & ,temp]atures -- ,calculation ( ! ,necess>y ,weight & ,volume ( ,air1 & ( ! ,lea/ ,exp5diture ( ,heat1 p] ,dry+ ,app>atus ) ,heat$ ,air1 at ! ,atmosph]ic ,pressure3 ,a1 ,) ! ,assumption t ! ,air is ,completely ,saturat$ ) ,vap\r bo? be=e ,entry & aft] ,exit f ! ,app>atus -- ,b1 ,:5 ! ,atmosph]ic ,air is ,completely ,saturat$ be=e entry1 b at its exit is only #c_/d1 #a_/b or #a_/d ,saturat$ -- ,c1 ,:5 ! ,atmosph]ic ,air is n ,saturat$ ) ,moi/ure be=e ,ent]+ ! ,dry+ ,app>atus -- ,dry+ ,app>atus1 9 :i*1 9 ! ,dry+ ,*amb]1 a ,pressure is ,artificially ,creat$1 ,high] or ,l[] ?an t ( ! ,atmosph]e -- ,dry+ by ,means ( ,sup]heat$ ,/eam1 )\t ,air --,heat+ ,surface1 ,velocity ( ! ,air ,curr5t1 ,dim5sions ( ! ,dry+ ,room1 ,surface ( ! ,dry+ ,mat]ial1 ,losses ( ,heat -- ,index4 7,see also ,evaporat+1 ,cond5s+ & ,cool+ ,app>atus1 p4 #bf47 ,,pure ,,air1 ,,ozone ,,& ,,wat]4 ,a ,practical ,treatise ( _! ,utilisation & ,value 9 ,oil1 ,grease1 ,soap1 ,pa9t1 ,glue & o!r ,indu/ries1 ,by ,w4 ,b4 ,,c[ell4 ,twelve ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #he pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,atmosph]ic ,air2 ,lift+ ( ,liquids2 ,suction ,process2 ,prep>+ ,bl[n ,oils2 ,prep>+ ,siccative ,dry+ ,oils -- ,compress$ ,air2 ,:itewa% -- ,liquid ,air2 ,retrocession -- ,purification ( ,wat]2 ,wat] ,h>dness -- ,fle%+s & ,bones -- ,ozonis$ ,air 9 ! ,blea*+ & ,deodoris+ ( ,fats1 ,glues1 etc42 ,blea*+ ,textile ,fibres -- ,app5dix3 ,air & ,gases2 ,pressure ( ,air at ,v>i\s ,temp]atures2 ,fuel2 ,table ( ,combu/ibles2 ,sav+ ( ,fuel by ,heat+ ,fe$ ,wat]2 ,table ( ,solubilities ( ,scale ,mak+ ,m9]als2 ,briti% ,!rmal ,units ,tables2 ,volume ( ! ,fl[ ( ,/eam into ! ,atmosph]e2 ,temp]ature ( ,/eam -- ,index4 ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,uses ,,( ,,wat]4 ,,composition--,,effects--,,tr\bles--,,r em$ies--,,residu>y ,,wat]s--,,purification--,,analysis4 ,by ,h4 de la ,,c\x4 ,royal #hvo4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* & ,revis$ by ,ar?ur ,,morris4 #cfd pp4 #ace ,illu/rations4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,*emical ,action ( ,wat] 9 ,nature & 9 ,indu/rial ,use -- ,composition ( ,wat]s -- ,solubility ( ,c]ta9 ,salts 9 ,wat] ,consid]$ f ! ,indu/rial ,po9t ( ,view -- ,effects on ! ,boil+ ( ,wat] -- ,effects ( ,wat] 9 ! ,indu/ries -- ,difficulties ) ,wat] -- ,fe$ ,wat] = ,boil]s -- ,wat] 9 ,dye works1 ,pr9t ,works1 & ,blea* ,works -- ,wat] 9 ! ,textile ,indu/ries & 9 ,condition+ -- ,wat] 9 ,soap ,works -- ,wat] 9 ,laundries & ,wa%h\ses -- ,wat] 9 ,tann+ -- ,wat] 9 ,prep>+ ,tann9 & ,dyewood ,extracts -- ,wat] 9 ,pap]mak+ -- ,wat] 9 ,photography -- ,wat] 9 ,sug> ,ref9+ -- ,wat] 9 ,mak+ ,ices & ,bev]ages -- ,wat] 9 ,cid] ,mak+ -- ,wat] 9 ,brew+ -- ,wat] 9 ,di/ill+ -- ,prelim9>y ,treatm5t & ,app>atus -- ,sub/ances ,us$ = ,prelim9>y ,*emical ,purification -- ,comm]cial ,specialities & _! ,employm5t -- ,precipitation ( ,matt]s 9 ,susp5sion 9 ,wat] -- ,app>atus = ! ,prelim9>y ,*emical ,purification ( ,wat] -- ,indu/rial ,filt]s -- ,indu/rial ,/]ilisation ( ,wat] -- ,residu>y ,wat]s & _! ,purification -- ,soil ,filtration -- ,purification by ,*emical ,processes -- ,analyses -- ,index4 7,see ,books on ,smoke ,prev5tion1 ,eng9e]+ & ,metallurgy1 p4 #bf1 etc47 ,x ,,rays4 7p4 c#ac7 ,,practical ,x ,,ray ,,"w4 ,by ,frank ,t4 ,,addyman1 ,b4,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,i4,c41 ,memb] ( ! ,ro5tg5 ,society ( ,london2 ,radiograph] to ,/4 ,george's ,hospital2 ,demon/rator ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry1 & ,tea*] ( ,radiography 9 ,/4 ,george's ,hospital ,m$ical ,s*ool4 ,demy #hvo4 ,twelve ,plates f ,photographs ( ,x ,ray ,"w4 ,fifty-two ,illu/rations4 #bjj pp4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,hi/orical -- ,"w lead+ up to ! ,discov]y ( ! ,x ,rays -- ,! ,discov]y--,app>atus & its ,managem5t -- ,electrical ,t]ms -- ,s\rces ( ,electricity -- ,induction ,coils -- ,electro/atic ,ma*9es -- ,tubes -- ,air ,pumps -- ,tube ,hold]s & ,/]eoscopic ,app>atus -- ,fluoresc5t ,scre5s -- ,practical ,x ,ray ,"w -- ,in/allations -- ,radioscopy -- ,radiography -- ,x ,rays 9 ,d5ti/ry -- ,x ,rays 9 ,*emi/ry -- ,x ,rays 9 ,w> -- ,index4 ,li/ ( ,plates4 ,frontispiece -- ,cong5ital ,dislocation ( ,hip-,jo9t4 -- ,i41 ,ne$le 9 ,f+]4 -- ,,ii41 ,ne$le 9 ,foot4 -- ,,iii41 ,revolv] ,bullet 9 ,calf & ,leg4 -- ,,iv41 ,a ,me?od ( ,localisation4 -- ,v41 ,/ellate ,fracture ( ,patella %[+ %ad[ ( ,/rapp+4 -- ,,vi41 ,s>coma4 -- ,,vii41 ,six-weeks-old ,injury to ,elb[ %[+ new ,gr[? ( ,bone4 -- ,,viii41 ,old ,fracture ( ,tibia & ,fibula badly set4 -- ,,ix41 ,he>t ,%ad[4 -- ,x41 ,fractur$ ,femur %[+ ,gra9 ( ,spl9t4 -- ,,xi41 ,b>rell's ,me?od ( ,localisation4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,& ,,gutta ,,p]*a4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,& ,,gutta-,,p]*a4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,t4 ,,seeligmann1 ,g4 ,,lamy ,,torvilhon & ,h4 ,,falconnet by ,john ,,g$des ,mc,i,n,t,o,s,h4 ,royal #hvo4 ,out ( pr9t4 ,second ,edition 9 prep>ation4 ,cont5ts4 ,india-,rubb] -- ,botanical ,orig9 -- ,climatology -- ,soil -- ,rational ,culture & ,acclimation ( ! ,diff]5t ,species ( ,india-,rubb] ,plants -- ,me?ods ( ,obta9+ ! ,latex -- ,me?ods ( ,prep>+ ,raw or ,crude ,india-,rubb] -- ,classification ( ! ,comm]cial ,species ( ,raw ,rubb] -- ,physical & ,*emical ,prop]ties ( ! ,latex & ( ,india-,rubb] -- ,me*anical ,trans=mation ( ,natural ,ca\t*\c into ,wa%$ or ,normal ,ca\t*\c 7,purification7 & ,normal ,rubb] into ,ma/icat$ ,rubb] -- ,s(t5+1 ,cutt+1 ,wa%+1 ,dry+ -- ,prelim9>y ,obs]vations -- ,vulcanisation ( ,normal ,rubb] -- ,*emical & ,physical ,prop]ties ( ,vulcanis$ ,rubb] -- ,g5]al ,consid]ations -- ,h>d5$ ,rubb] or ,ebonite -- ,consid]ations on ,m9]alisation & o!r ,mixtures -- ,coloration & ,dye+ -- ,analysis ( ,natural or ,normal ,rubb] & ,vulcanis$ ,rubb] -- ,rubb] ,sub/itutes -- ,imitation ,rubb]4 ,gutta ,p]*a -- ,botanical ,orig9 -- ,climatology -- ,soil -- ,rational ,culture -- ,me?ods ( ,collection -- ,classification ( ! ,diff]5t ,species ( ,comm]cial ,gutta ,p]*a -- ,physical & ,*emical ,prop]ties -- ,me*anical ,trans=mation -- ,me?ods ( ,analys+ -- ,gutta ,p]*a ,sub/itutes -- ,index4 ,,lea!r ,,trades4 ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,lea!r ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,,villon4 ,translat$ by ,frank ,t4 ,,addyman1 ,b4,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s42 & ,correct$ by an ,em95t ,memb] ( ! ,trade4 #ejj pp41 royal #hvo4 #abc ,illu/rations4 ,price #bas4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bas4 #f;d4 home2 #bbs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,preface--,translator's ,preface--,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,"p ,i41 ,mat]ials us$ 9 ,tann+ -- ,sk9s3 ,sk9 & its ,/ructure2 ,sk9s us$ 9 ,tann+2 ,v>i\s ,sk9s & _! ,uses -- ,tann9 & ,tann+ ,sub/ances3 ,tann92 ,b>ks 7,oak72 ,b>ks o!r ?an ,oak2 ,tann+ ,woods2 ,tann9-be>+ ,leaves2 ,excresc5ces2 ,tan-be>+ ,fruits2 ,tan-be>+ ,roots & ,bulbs2 ,tann+ ,juices2 ,tann+ ,sub/ances us$ 9 ,v>i\s ,c\ntries2 ,tann9 ,extracts2 ,e/imation ( ,tann9 & ,tann9 ,pr9ciples4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,tann+ -- ,! ,in/allation ( a ,tann]y3 ,tan ,furnaces2 ,*imneys1 ,boil]s1 etc42 ,/eam ,eng9es -- ,gr9d+ & ,trituration ( ,tann+ ,sub/ances3 ,cutt+ up ,b>k2 ,gr9d+ ,b>k2 ,! ,gr9d+ ( ,tan ,woods2 ,p[d]+ ,fruit1 ,galls & ,gra9s2 ,notes on ! ,gr9d+ ( ,b>k -- ,manufacture ( ,sole ,lea!r3 ,soak+2 ,sweat+ & ,unhair+2 ,plump+ & ,col\r+2 ,h&l+2 ,tann+2 ,tann+ ,elephants' ,hides2 ,dry+2 ,/rik+ or ,p9n+ -- ,manufacture ( ,dress+ ,lea!r3 ,soak+2 ,depilation2 ,new ,processes = ! ,depilation ( ,sk9s2 ,tann+2 ,c[ ,hides2 ,horse ,hides2 ,goat ,sk9s2 ,manufacture ( 7p4 c#ad7 ,split ,hides -- ,on ,v>i\s ,me?ods ( ,tann+3 ,me*anical ,me?ods2 ,physical ,me?ods2 ,*emical ,me?ods2 ,tann+ ) ,extracts -- ,quantity & ,quality2 ,quantity2 ,net ,co/2 ,quality ( ,lea!r -- ,v>i\s ,manipulations ( ,tann$ ,lea!r3 ,second ,tann+2 ,grease ,/a9s2 ,blea*+ ,lea!r2 ,wat]pro(+ ,lea!r2 ,weight+ ,tann$ ,lea!r2 ,pres]vation ( ,lea!r -- ,tann+ ,v>i\s ,sk9s4 ,"p ,,iii41 ,curry+ -- ,wax$ ,calf3 ,prep>ation2 ,%av+2 ,/ret*+ or ,slick+2 ,oil+ ! ,gra92 ,oil+ ! ,fle% ,side2 ,:it5+ & ,gra9+2 ,wax+2 ,f9i%+2 ,dry ,f9i%+2 ,f9i%+ 9 ,col\r2 ,co/ -- ,:ite ,calf3 ,f9i%+ 9 ,:ite -- ,c[ ,hide = ,upp] ,lea!rs3 ,black ,c[ ,hide2 ,:ite ,c[ ,hide2 ,col\r$ ,c[ ,hide -- ,smoo? ,c[ ,hide -- ,black ,lea!r -- ,miscellane\s ,hides3 ,horse2 ,goat2 ,wax$ ,goat ,sk92 ,matt ,goat ,sk9 -- ,russia ,lea!r3 ,russia ,lea!r2 ,artificial ,russia ,lea!r4 ,"p ,,iv41 ,enamell$1 ,hung>y & ,*amoy ,lea!r1 ,morocco1 ,p>*m5t1 ,furs & ,artificial ,lea!r -- ,enamell$ ,lea!r3 ,v>ni% ,manufacture2 ,application ( ! ,enamel2 ,enamell+ 9 ,col\r -- ,hung>y ,lea!r3 ,prelim9>y2 ,wet ,"w or ,prep>ation2 ,alum+2 ,dress+ or ,l(t ,"w2 ,tall[+2 ,hung>y ,lea!r f ,v>i\s ,hides -- ,taw+3 ,prep>atory ,op]ations2 ,dress+2 ,dye+ ,taw$ ,sk9s2 ,rugs -- ,*amoy ,lea!r -- ,morocco3 ,prelim9>y ,op]ations2 ,morocco ,tann+3 ,mordants us$ 9 ,morocco ,manufacture2 ,natural ,col\rs us$ 9 ,morocco ,dye+2 ,artificial ,col\rs2 ,diff]5t ,me?ods ( ,dye+2 ,dye+ ) ,natural ,col\rs2 ,dye+ ) ,anil9e ,col\rs2 ,dye+ ) ,metallic ,salts2 ,lea!r ,pr9t+2 ,f9i%+ ,morocco2 ,%agre52 ,bronz$ ,lea!r -- ,gild+ & ,silv]+3 ,gild+2 ,silv]+2 ,nickel & ,cobalt -- ,p>*m5t -- ,furs & ,furri]y3 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks2 ,indig5\s ,furs2 ,=eign ,furs f ,hot ,c\ntries2 ,=eign ,furs f ,cold ,c\ntries2 ,furs f ,birds' ,sk9s2 ,prep>ation ( ,furs2 ,dress+2 ,col\r+2 ,prep>ation ( ,birds' ,sk9s2 ,pres]vation ( ,furs -- ,artificial ,lea!r3 ,lea!r made f ,scraps2 ,compress$ ,lea!r2 ,am]ican ,clo?2 ,papi] ,m*2 ,l9oleum2 ,artificial ,lea!r4 ,"p ,v41 ,lea!r ,te/+ & ! ,!ory ( ,tann+ -- ,te/+ & ,analysis ( ,lea!r3 ,physical ,te/+ ( ,tann$ ,lea!r2 ,*emical ,analysis -- ,! ,!ory ( ,tann+ & ! o!r ,op]ations ( ! ,lea!r & ,sk9 ,indu/ry3 ,!ory ( ,soak+2 ,!ory ( ,unhair+2 ,!ory ( ,swell+2 ,!ory ( ,h&l+2 ,!ory ( ,tann+2 ,!ory ( ! ,action ( ,tann9 on ! ,sk92 ,!ory ( ,hung>y ,lea!r ,mak+2 ,!ory ( ,taw+2 ,!ory ( ,*amoy ,lea!r ,mak+2 ,!ory ( ,m9]al ,tann+4 ,"p ,,vi41 ,uses ( ,lea!r -- ,ma*9e ,belts3 ,manufacture ( ,belt+2 ,lea!r ,*a9 ,belts2 ,v>i\s ,belts2 ,use ( ,belts -- ,boot & ,%oe-mak+3 ,boots & ,%oes2 ,laces -- ,saddl]y3 ,composition ( a ,saddle2 ,con/ruction ( a ,saddle -- ,h>ness3 ,! ,pack ,saddle2 ,h>ness -- ,milit>y ,equipm5t -- ,glove ,mak+ -- ,c>riage ,build+ -- ,me*anical ,uses4 ,app5dix1 ,! ,_w's ,comm]ce 9 ,lea!r -- ,europe2 ,am]ica2 ,asia2 ,africa2 ,au/ralasia -- ,index4 ,,! ,,lea!r ,,work]',s ,,manual4 ,be+ a ,comp5dium ( ,practical ,recipes & ,work+ ,=mul = ,curri]s1 ,bootmak]s1 ,lea!r ,dress]s1 ,black+ ,manufactur]s1 ,saddl]s1 ,fancy ,lea!r ,work]s4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,/&age4 ,demy #hvo4 #afe pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,black+s1 ,poli%es1 ,glosses1 ,dress+s1 ,r5ovators1 etc41 = ,boot & ,%oe ,lea!r -- ,h>ness ,black+s1 ,dress+s1 ,greases1 ,compositions1 ,soaps1 & ,boot-top ,p[d]s & ,liquids1 etc41 etc4 -- ,lea!r ,gr9d]s' ,sundries -- ,curri]'s ,season+s1 ,black+ ,comp\nds1 ,dress+s1 ,f9i%es1 ,glosses1 etc4 -- ,dyes & ,/a9s = ,lea!r --,miscellane\s ,in=mation -- ,*rome ,tannage -- ,index4 ,,books ,,on ,,pott]y1 ,,bricks1 ,,tiles1 ,,glass1 ,,etc4 ,,! ,,manual ,,( ,,practical ,,pott+4 ,compil$ by ,exp]ts1 & ,edit$ by ,*as4 ,f4 ,,b9ns4 ,revis$ ,?ird ,edition & ,enl>g$4 #bjj pp4 ,price #ags4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ags4 #aj;d4 home2 #ahs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction4 ,! ,rise & ,progress ( ! ,pott]'s ,art -- ,bodies4 ,*9a & ,porcela9 ,bodies1 ,p>ian ,bodies1 ,semi-porcela9 & ,vitre\s ,bodies1 ,mort> ,bodies1 ,e>!nw>es ,granite & ,c4,c4 ,bodies1 ,miscellane\s ,bodies1 ,sagg] & ,crucible ,clays1 ,col\r$ ,bodies1 ,jasp] ,bodies1 ,col\r$ ,bodies = ,mosaic ,pa9t+1 ,encau/ic ,tile ,bodies1 ,body ,/a9s1 ,col\r$ ,dips -- ,glazes4 ,*9a ,glazes1 ,iron/one ,glazes1 ,e>!nw>e ,glazes1 ,glazes )\t ,lead1 ,miscellane\s ,glazes1 ,col\r$ ,glazes1 ,majolica ,col\rs -- ,gold & ,gold ,col\rs4 ,gold1 ,purple ( ,cassius1 ,m>one & ,ruby1 ,enamel ,col\r$ ,bases1 ,enamel ,col\r ,fluxes1 ,enamel ,col\rs1 ,mix$ ,enamel ,col\rs1 ,antique & ,vellum ,enamel ,col\rs1 ,und]glaze ,col\rs1 ,und]glaze ,col\r ,fluxes1 ,mix$ ,und]glaze ,col\rs1 ,fl[ ,p[d]s1 ,oils & ,v>ni%es -- ,means & ,me?ods4 ,reclamation ( ,wa/e ,gold1 ,! ,use ( ,cobalt1 ,notes on ,enamel ,col\rs1 ,liquid or ,bright ,gold -- ,classification & ,analysis4 ,classification ( ,clay ,w>e1 ,"l ,playfair's ,analysis ( ,clays1 ,! ,m>kets ( ! ,_w1 ,"t & ,scale ( ,fir+1 ,weights ( 7p4 c#ae7 ,pott]'s ,mat]ial1 ,decorat$ ,goods ,c\nt -- ,comp>ative ,loss ( ,weight ( ,clays -- ,gr\nd ,felsp> ,calculations -- ,! ,conv]sion ( ,slop ,body ,recipes into ,dry ,weight -- ,! ,co/ ( ,prep>$ ,e>!nw>e ,clay -- ,=ms & ,tables4 ,articles ( ,appr5tice%ip1 ,manufactur]'s ,guide to ,/ocktak+1 ,table ( ,relative ,values ( ,pott]'s ,mat]ials1 ,h\rly ,wages ,table1 ,workman's ,settl+ ,table1 ,comp>ative ,guide = ,e>!nw>e & ,*9a ,manufactur]s 9 ! use ( ,slop ,fl9t & ,slop ,/one1 ,=eign ,t]ms appli$ to ,e>!nw>e & ,*9a ,goods1 ,table = ! ,conv]sion ( ,metrical ,weights & ,measures on ! ,cont95t & ,s\? ,am]ica -- ,index4 ,,c]amic ,,te*nology3 ,be+ "s ,aspects ( ,te*nical ,sci5ce z ,appli$ to ,pott]y ,manufacture4 ,edit$ by ,*>les ,f4 ,,b9ns4 #ajj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #abs4 #aj;d4 home2 #acs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,preface -- ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,pott]y -- ,analysis & ,syn!sis -- ,clays & _! ,compon5ts--,! ,biscuit ,ov5 -- ,pyrometry -- ,glazes & _! ,composition -- ,col\rs & ,col\r-mak+ -- ,index4 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,c]amic ,,indu/ries4 ,a ,complete ,manual = ,pott]y1 ,tile & ,brick ,works4 ,by ,emile ,,b\rry4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,wilton ,p4 ,,rix1 ,exam9] 9 ,pott]y & ,porcela9 to ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,te*nical ,in/itute1 ,pott]y ,in/ructor to ! ,hanley ,s*ool ,bo>d4 ,royal #hvo4 #gfj pp4 #cbc ,illu/rations4 ,price #bas4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bbs4 home2 #bds4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,g5]al ,pott]y ,me?ods4 ,def9ition & ,hi/ory4 ,def9itions & ,classification ( ,c]amic ,products -- ,hi/oric ,summ>y ( ! ,c]amic ,art -- ,raw ,mat]ials ( ,bodies4 ,clays3 ,pure ,clay & ,natural ,clays -- ,v>i\s ,raw ,mat]ials3 ,analog\s to ,clay -- ,agglom]ative & ,agglut9ative -- ,op5+ -- ,fusible -- ,refractory -- ,trials ( ,raw ,mat]ials -- ,pla/ic ,bodies4 ,prop]ties & ,composition -- ,prep>ation ( ,raw ,mat]ials3 ,disaggregation -- ,purification -- ,prep>ation ( ,bodies3 ,by ,pla/ic ,me?od -- ,by ,dry ,me?od -- ,by ,liquid ,me?od -- ,=mation1 ,processes ( ,=mation3 ,?r[+ -- ,expression -- ,m\ld+ by ,h&1 on ! ,jolley1 by ,compression1 by ,slip ,ca/+ -- ,slapp+ -- ,slipp+ -- ,dry+4 ,dry+ ( ,bodies -- ,processes ( ,dry+2 ,by ,evaporation -- ,by ,a]ation -- ,by ,heat+ -- ,by ,v5tilation -- ,by ,absorption -- ,glazes4 ,composition & ,prop]ties -- ,raw ,mat]ials -- ,manufacture & ,application -- ,fir+4 ,prop]ties ( ! ,bodies & ,glazes dur+ ,fir+ -- ,description ( ! ,kilns -- ,work+ ( ! ,kilns -- ,decoration4 ,col\r+ ,mat]ials -- ,processes ( ,decoration4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,special ,pott]y ,me?ods4 ,t]ra ,cottas4 ,classification3 ,pla9 ,ord9>y1 ,holl[1 ,ornam5tal1 ,vitrifi$1 & ,light ,bricks -- ,ord9>y & ,black ,tiles -- ,pav+ ,tiles -- ,pipes -- ,ar*itectural ,t]ra ,cottas -- ,vases1 ,/atues & ,decorative ,objects -- ,common ,pott]y -- ,pott]y = ,wat] & ,filt]s -- ,tobacco ,pipes -- ,lu/re ,w>e -- ,prop]ties & ,te/s = ,t]ra ,cottas--,fireclay ,goods4 ,classification3 ,argillace\s1 ,alum9\s1 ,c>bonif]\s1 ,silici\s & ,basic ,fireclay ,goods -- ,fireclay ,mort> 7,pug7 -- ,te/s = ,fireclay ,goods -- ,fai5ces4 ,v>ni%$ ,fai5ces -- ,enamell$ ,fai5ces -- ,silici\s ,fai5ces -- ,pipeclay ,fai5ces -- ,pebble ,"w -- ,feldspa?ic ,fai5ces -- ,composition1 ,processes ( ,manufacture & ,g5]al ,arrangem5ts ( ,fai5ce ,pott]ies -- ,/onew>e4 ,/onew>e ,prop]ly ,s-call$3 ,pav+ ,tiles -- ,pipes -- ,sanit>y ,w>e -- ,/onew>e = ,food ,purposes & ,*emical ,productions -- ,ar*itectural ,/onew>e -- ,vases1 ,/atues & o!r ,decorative ,objects -- ,f9e ,/onew>e -- ,porcela94 ,h>d ,porcela9 = ,table ,w>e & ,decoration1 = ! ,fire1 = ,electrical ,conduits1 = ,me*anical ,purposes2 ,ar*itectural ,porcela91 & ,dull or ,biscuit ,porcela9 -- ,s(t ,phosphat$ or ,engli% ,porcela9 -- ,s(t ,vitre\s ,porcela91 ,fr5* & ,new ,svres -- ,argillace\s ,s(t or ,seg]'s ,porcela9 -- ,dull ,s(t or ,p>ian ,porcela9 -- ,dull ,feldspa?ic ,s(t ,porcela9 -- ,index4 ,,pott]y ,,decorat+1 ,by ,r4 ,,ha9ba*4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bb ,illu/rations4 ,deals ) ,glazes1 ,col\rs1 etc4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,ar*itectural ,,pott]y4 ,bricks1 ,tiles1 ,pipes1 ,enamell$ ,t]ra-cottas1 ,ord9>y & ,incru/$ ,qu>ries1 ,/onew>e ,mosaics1 ,faences & ,ar*itectural ,/onew>e4 ,by ,leon ,,lef,,vre4 ,) ,five ,plates4 #iej ,illu/rations 9 ! ,text1 & num]\s e/imates4 #ejj pp41 royal #hvo4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,k4 ,h4 ,,bird1 ,m4,a41 & ,w4 ,moore ,,b9ns4 ,price #aes4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aes4 #f;d4 home2 #afs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i4 ,pla9 ,undecorat$ ,pott]y4 -- ,clays1 ,bricks1 ,tiles1 ,pipes1 ,*imney ,flues1 ,t]ra-cotta4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,made-up or ,decorat$ ,pott]y4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,rivet+ ,,glass1 ,,*9a ,,& ,,e>!nw>e4 ,by ,j4 ,,h[>?4 7p4 c#af7 ,second ,edition4 ,pap] ,cov]4 ,price #as4 net2 by po/1 home or abroad1 #as4 #a;d4 ,,notes ,,on ,,pott]y ,,clays4 ,_! ,di/ribution1 ,prop]ties1 ,uses & ,analyses ( ,ball ,clays1 ,*9a ,clays & ,*9a ,/one4 ,by ,jas4 ,,fairie1 ,f4,g4,s4 #acb pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #cs4 #i;d4 home2 #cs4 #aj;d4 abroad47 ,a ,reissue ( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,/af=d%ire ,,pott]ies2 ,,& ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,progress ,,( ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pott]y ,,& ,,porcela94 ,) ,ref]5ces to ,g5u9e ,specim5s1 & ,notices ( ,em95t ,pott]s4 ,by ,simeon ,,%aw4 7,orig9ally ,publi%$ 9 #ahbi47 #bfe pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introductory ,*apt] %[+ ! position ( ! ,pott]y ,trade at ! pres5t "t 7#ahii7 -- ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks -- ,! ,pott]ies1 compris+ ,tun/all1 ,br[nhills1 ,gre5field & ,new ,field1 ,gold5 ,hill1 ,latebrook1 ,gre5 ,lane1 ,burslem1 ,longport & ,dale ,hall1 ,hot ,lane & ,cobridge1 ,hanley & ,%elton1 ,etruria1 ,/oke1 ,p5khull1 ,f5ton1 ,lane ,delph1 ,foley1 ,lane ,end -- ,on ! ,orig9 ( ! ,art1 & its ,practice among ! e>ly ,nations -- ,manufacture ( ,pott]y1 prior to #agjj -- ,! ,introduction ( ,r$ ,porcela9 by ,messrs4 ,el]s1 ( ,bradwell1 #afij -- ,progress ( ! ,manufacture f #agjj to ,mr4 ,w$gwood's comm5cem5t 9 #agfj -- ,introduction ( ,fluid ,glaze -- ,ext5sion ( ! ,manufacture ( ,cream ,col\r -- ,mr4 ,w$gwood's ,que5's ,w>e -- ,jasp]1 & ,appo9tm5t ( ,pott] to ,h] ,maje/y -- ,black ,pr9t+ -- ,introduction ( ,porcela94 ,mr4 ,w4 ,littl]'s ,porcela9 -- ,mr4 ,cookwor?y's ,discov]y ( ,kaol9 & ,petuntse1 & ,pat5t -- ,sold to ,mr4 ,*ampion -- resold to ! ,new ,hall ,com4 -- ,ext5sion ( ,t]m -- ,blue ,pr9t$ ,pott]y4 ,mr4 ,turn]1 ,mr4 ,spode 7#a71 ,mr4 ,baddeley1 ,mr4 ,spode 7#b71 ,messrs4 ,turn]1 ,mr4 ,wood1 ,mr4 ,wilson1 ,mr4 ,m9ton -- ,great ,*ange 9 ,patt]ns ( ,blue ,pr9t$ -- ,introduction ( ,lu/re ,pott]y4 ,improvem5ts 9 ,pott]y & ,porcela9 subsequ5t to #ahjj4 ,a ,reissue ( ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,! ,,sev]al ,,natural ,,& ,,artificial ,,het]og5e\s ,,comp\nds ,,us$ ,,9 ,,manufactur+ ,,porcela91 ,,glass ,,& ,,pott]y4 ,by ,simeon ,,%aw4 7,orig9ally publi%$ 9 #ahcg47 #gej pp4 ,royal #hvo4 ,price #ads4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aes4 home2 #ags4 abroad47 ,,glassw>e1 ,,glass ,,/a9+ ,,& ,,pa9t+4 ,,recipes ,,= ,,fl9t ,,glass ,,mak+4 ,by a ,briti% ,glass ,ma/] & ,mix]4 ,sixty ,recipes4 ,be+ ,leaves f ! ,mix+ ,book ( sev]al exp]ts 9 ! ,fl9t ,glass ,trade1 conta9+ up-to-date recipes & valuable in=mation z to ,cry/al1 ,demi-cry/al & ,col\r$ ,glass 9 its _m v>ieties4 ,x conta9s ! recipes = *eap metal suit$ to press+1 bl[+1 etc41 z well z ! mo/ co/ly cry/al & ruby4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #i;d4 home2 #ajs4 #aj;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,ruby -- ,ruby f ,copp] -- ,fl9t = us+ ) ! ,ruby = ,coat+ -- ,a ,g]man ,metal -- ,cornelian1 or ,alaba/] -- ,sapphire ,blue -- ,crysophis -- ,opal -- ,turquoise ,blue -- ,gold ,col\r -- ,d>k ,gre5 -- ,gre5 7common7 -- ,gre5 = ,mala*ite -- ,blue = ,mala*ite -- ,black = ,mala*ite -- ,black -- ,common ,can>y ,bat* -- ,can>y -- ,:ite ,opaque ,glass -- ,seal+-wax ,r$ -- ,fl9t -- ,fl9t ,glass 7,cry/al & ,demi7 -- ,a*romatic ,glass -- ,pa/e ,glass -- ,:ite ,enamel -- ,fire/one--,dead ,:ite 7= moons7 -- ,:ite ,agate -- ,can>y -- ,can>y ,enamel -- ,index4 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,glass ,,pa9t+4 ,prefac$ ) a ,review 7p4 c#ag7 ( ,anci5t ,glass4 ,by ,erne/ ,r4 ,,suffl+4 ,) ,"o ,col\r$ ,plate & ,?irty-sev5 ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #adj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,/a9$ ,glass -- ,design+ ,scale ,draw+s --,c>toons & ! ,cut ,l9e -- ,v>i\s ,k9ds ( ,glass ,cutt+ = ,w9d[s -- ,! ,col\rs & ,bru%es us$ 9 ,glass ,pa9t+ -- ,pa9t+ on ,glass1 ,disp]s$ ,patt]ns -- ,diap]$ ,patt]ns -- ,acid+ -- ,fir+ -- ,fret ,lead ,glaz+ -- ,index4 ,,pa9t+ ,,on ,,glass ,,& ,,porcela9 ,,& ,,enamel ,,pa9t+4 ,a ,complete ,introduction to ! ,prep>ation ( all ! ,col\rs & ,fluxes us$ = ,pa9t+ on ,porcela91 ,enamel1 ,faence & ,/onew>e1 ! ,col\r$ ,pa/es & ,col\r$ ,glasses1 toge!r ) a ,m9ute ,description ( ! ,fir+ ( ,col\rs & ,enamels4 ,by ,felix ,,h]mann1 ,te*nical ,*emi/4 ,) ,eighte5 ,illu/rations4 #cjj pp4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man second & enl>g$ ,edition4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 abroad47 ,,pap] ,,mak+1 ,,pap] ,,dye+1 ,,& ,,te/+4 ,,! ,,dye+ ,,( ,,pap] ,,pulp4 ,a ,practical ,treatise = ! use ( ,pap]mak]s1 ,pap]/a9]s1 ,/ud5ts & o!rs4 ,by ,julius ,,erfurt1 ,manag] ( a ,pap] ,mill4 ,translat$ into ,engli% & ,edit$ ) ,additions by ,julius ,h,,bn]1 ,f4,c4,s41 ,lectur] on ,pap]mak+ at ! ,man*e/] ,municipal ,te*nical ,s*ool4 ,) ,illu/rations & #aeg patt]ns ( pap] dy$ 9 ! pulp4 ,royal #hvo1 #ahj pp4 ,price #aes4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aes4 #f;d4 home2 #afs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,behavi\r ( ! ,pap] ,fibres dur+ ! ,process ( ,dye+1 ,!ory ( ! ,mordant -- ,col\r ,fix+ ,m$iums 7,mordants7 -- ,influ5ce ( ! ,quality ( ! ,wat] ,us$ -- ,inorganic ,col\rs -- ,organic ,col\rs -- ,practical ,application ( ! ,coal ,t> ,col\rs accord+ to _! ,prop]ties & _! ,behavi\r t[>ds ! ,diff]5t ,pap] ,fibres -- ,dy$ ,patt]ns on ,v>i\s ,pulp ,mixtures -- ,dye+ to ,%ade -- ,index4 ,,! ,,pap] ,,mill ,,*emi/4 ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,,/ev5s1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,i4,c4 ,royal #abmo4 #fj ,illu/rations4 ,9 ! press4 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction4 -- ,deal+ ) ! ,app>atus requir$ 9 ,*emical ,"w & ,g5]al ,*emical ,manipulation1 introduc+ ! subject ( ,qualitative & ,quantitative ,analysis4 ,fuels4 -- ,analysis ( ,coal1 ,coke & o!r ,fuels -- ,sampl+ & ,te/+ = ,moi/ure1 ,a%1 ,calorific ,value1 etc4 -- ,comp>ative ,heat+ ,value ( diff]5t ,fuels & ,relative ,effici5cy4 ,wat]4 -- ,analysis = ,/eam ,rais+ & = ,pap] ,mak+ ,purposes g5]ally -- ,wat] ,s(t5+ & ,purification -- ,a ,li/ ( ! m important ,wat] ,s(t5+ ,plant1 giv+ ,p[] requir$1 ,weight1 ,space ,occupi$1 ,out-put & ,approximate ,co/4 ,raw ,mat]ials & ,detection ( ,adult]ants4 -- ,analysis & ,valuation ( ! m important ,*emicals us$ 9 ,pap] ,mak+1 includ+ ,lime1 ,cau/ic ,soda1 ,sodium ,c>bonate1 ,m9]al ,acids1 ,blea* ,anti*lor1 ,alum1 ,ros9 & ,ros9 ,size1 ,glue ,gelat9 & ,case91 ,/>*1 ,*9a ,clay1 ,blanc ,fixe1 ,sat9 ,:ite & o!r ,load+ ,mat]ials1 ,m9]al ,col\rs & ,anil9e ,dyes4 ,manufactur+ ,op]ations4 -- ,rags & ! ,*emical ,control ( ,rag ,boil+ -- ,esp>to ,boil+ -- ,wood ,boil+ -- ,te/+ ,sp5t ,liquors & ,recov]$ ,a% -- ,exp]im5tal ,te/s ) ,raw ,fibr\s ,mat]ials -- ,boil+ 9 ,autoclaves -- ,blea*+ & mak+ up ,h& ,%eets -- ,exam9ation ( ,sulphite ,liquors -- ,e/imation ( ,moi/ure 9 ,pulp & ,half-/uff -- ,recomm5dations ( ! ,briti% ,wood ,pulp ,association4 ,f9i%$ ,products4 -- ,pap] ,te/+1 includ+ ,physical1 ,*emical & ,microscopical ,te/s1 ,area1 ,weight1 ,?ickness1 ,app>5t ,specific ,gravity1 ,bulk or ,air ,space4 ,det]m9ation ( ,ma*9e ,direction1 ,?ickness1 ,/r5g?1 ,/ret*1 ,resi/ance to ,crumpl+ & ,friction1 ,transp>5cy1 ,absorb5cy & o!r qualities ( ,blott+ ,pap]s -- ,det]m9ation ( ! ,p]meability ( ,filt]+ ,pap]s -- ,detection & ,e/imation ( ,animal & ,vegetable ,size 9 ,pap] -- ,siz+ ,qualities ( ,pap] -- ,fibr\s ,con/itu5ts -- ,microscopical ,exam9ation ( ,fibres -- ,! ,effect ( ,beat+ on ,fibres -- ,/a9+ ,fibres -- ,m9]al ,matt] -- ,a% -- ,qualitative & ,quantitative ,exam9ation ( ,m9]al ,matt] -- ,exam9ation ( ,coat$ ,pap]s & ,col\r+ ,matt]s 9 ,pap]4 ,tables4 -- ,engli% & ,metrical ,weights & ,measures ) 7p4 c#ah7 ,equival5ts -- ,conv]sion ( ,grams to ,gra9s & vice v]sa -- ,equival5t ,co/s p]lb41 cwt41 & ton -- ,decimal ,equival5ts (lbs41 qrs41 & cwts4 -- ,!rmometric & ,b>ometric ,scales -- ,atomic ,weights & ,molecul> ,weights -- ,factors = ,calculat+ ! ,p]c5tage ( ,sub/ance ,s\ght f ! ,weight ( ,sub/ance ,f\nd -- ,table ( ,solubilities ( ,sub/ances ,treat$ ( 9 ,pap] ,mak+ -- ,specific ,gravity ,tables ( su* sub/ances z are us$ 9 ,pap] ,mak+1 includ+ ,sulphuric ,acid ,hydro*loric ,acid1 ,blea*1 ,milk ( ,lime1 ,cau/ic ,soda1 ,c>bonate ( ,soda1 etc41 giv+ ,p]c5tage ,/r5g? ) ,specific ,gravity & ,degrees ,tw4 -- ,h>dness ,table = ,soap ,te/s -- ,dew ,po9t -- ,wet & ,dry ,bulb ,tables -- ,prop]ties ( ,saturat$ ,/eam1 giv+ ,temp]ature1 ,pressure & ,volume -- ,li/ ( ,diff]5t ,ma*9es us$ 9 ! ,pap] ,mak+ ,indu/ry1 giv+ ,size1 ,weight1 ,space ,occupi$1 ,p[] to ,drive1 ,out-put & ,approximate ,co/ -- ,calculation ( ,moi/ure 9 ,pulp --,rag-,boil+ ,tables1 giv+ ,p]c5tages ( ,lime ,soda & ,"t requir$ -- ,loss 9 ,weight 9 ,rags & o!r ,raw ,mat]ials dur+ ,boil+ & ,blea*+ -- ,conditions ( ,buy+ & ,sell+ z laid d[n by ! ,pap] ,mak]s' ,association -- ,table ( ,names & ,sizes ( ,pap]s --,table = asc]ta9+ ! ,weight p] ,ream f ! ,weight p] ,%eet -- ,calculations ( ,areas & ,volumes -- ,log>i?ms -- ,blank pages = ,notes4 ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,pap] ,,= ,,special ,,purposes4 ,by ,l4 ,e4 ,,&,s4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #dh ,illu/rations4 #bej pp4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,cont5ts4 ,i41 ,p>*m5t ,pap]1 ,vegetable ,p>*m5t4 -- ,! ,p>*m5t ,pap] ,ma*9e -- ,opaque ,supple ,p>*m5t ,pap] -- ,?ick ,p>*m5t -- ,krugl]'s ,p>*m5t ,pap] & ,p>*m5t ,slates -- ,d\ble & ,triple ,osmotic ,p>*m5t -- ,utilis+ ,wa/e ,p>*m5t ,pap] -- ,p>*m5t$ ,l95 & ,cotton -- ,p>*m5t ,millbo>d -- ,imitation ,horn & ,ivory f ,p>*m5t ,pap] -- ,imitation ,p>*m5t ,pap] -- ,artificial ,p>*m5t -- ,te/+ ! ,sulphuric ,acid4 ,,ii41 ,pap]s = ,transf] ,pictures4 ,,iii41 ,pap]s = ,pres]vative & ,pack+ ,purposes4 -- ,butt] ,pap] -- ,wax ,pap] -- ,p>aff9 ,pap] -- ,wrapp+ ,pap] = ,silv]w>e -- ,wat]pro( ,pap] -- ,anti-corrosive ,pap]4 ,,iv41 ,gra9$ ,transf] ,pap]s4 ,v41 ,fire-pro( & ,antifalsification ,pap]s1 ,,vi41 ,pap] ,articles4 -- ,vulcanis$ ,pap] ,ma* -- ,pap] ,bottles -- ,pla/ic ,articles ( ,pap] -- ,wat]pro( ,cov]+s = ,walls & ,ceil+s -- ,pap] ,:eels1 ,ro(+ & ,boats -- ,pap] ,b>rels -- ,pap] ,boxes -- ,pap] ,horse%oes4 ,,vii41 ,gumm$ ,pap]4 ,,viii41 ,hectograph ,pap]s4 ,,ix41 ,insecticide ,pap]s4 -- ,fly ,pap]s -- ,mo? ,pap]s4 ,x41 ,*alk & ,lea!r ,pap]s4 -- ,glac ,*alk ,pap] -- ,lea!r ,pap] -- ,imitation ,lea!r4 ,,xi41 ,lum9\s ,pap]s -- ,blue-,pr9t ,pap]s -- ,blott+ ,pap]s4 ,,xii41 ,metal ,pap]s -- ,m$icat$ ,pap]s4 ,,xiii41 ,m>bl$ ,pap]s4 ,,xiv41 ,trac+ & ,copy+ ,pap]s -- ,iridesc5t or ,"m ( ,pe>l ,pap]s4 ,,xv41 ,photographic ,pap]s -- ,%ellac ,pap] -- ,fumigat+ ,pap]s -- ,te/ ,pap]s4 ,,xvi41 ,pap]s = ,clean+ & ,poli%+ ,purposes -- ,glass ,pap] -- ,pumice ,pap] -- ,em]y ,pap]4 ,,xvii41 ,li?ographic ,transf] ,pap]s4 ,,xix41 ,sundry ,special ,pap]s -- ,sat9 ,pap] -- ,enamel ,pap] -- ,cork ,pap] -- ,split ,pap] -- ,electric ,pap] -- ,pap] ,mat*es -- ,magic ,pictures -- ,laundry ,blue ,pap]s -- ,blue ,pap] = ,blea*]s4 ,,xx41 ,wat]pro( ,pap]s -- ,wa%able ,draw+ ,pap]s -- ,wa%able ,c>d -- ,wa%able ,col\r$ ,pap]--,wat]pro( ,millbo>d -- ,sug> ,pap]4 ,,xxi41 ,! ,*>act]i/ics ( ,pap] -- ,pap] ,te/+4 ,,enamell+ ,,on ,,metal4 ,,enamels ,,& ,,enamell+4 ,= ,enamel ,mak]s1 ,work]s 9 ,gold & ,silv]1 & ,manufactur]s ( ,objects ( ,art4 ,by ,paul ,,r&au4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,) ,sixte5 ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #ahj pp4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 abroad47 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,enamell+ ,,on ,,metal4 ,by ,w4 ,norman ,,br[n4 ,tw5ty-eight ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fj pp4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bs4 #i;d4 home & abroad47 ,,silk ,,manufacture4 ,,silk ,,?r[+ ,,& ,,wa/e ,,silk ,,sp9n+4 ,by ,holl9s ,,rayn]4 ,demy #hvo4 #agj pp4 #aag ,illus4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,silkworm -- ,cocoon ,reel+ & ,qualities ( ,silk -- ,silk ,?r[+ -- ,silk ,wa/es -- ,! ,prep>ation ( ,silk ,wa/e = ,degumm+ -- ,silk ,wa/e ,degumm+1 ,s*app+ & ,dis*>g+ -- ,! ,op5+ & ,dress+ ( ,wa/es -- ,silk ,wa/e ,draw+ or ,prep>+ ,ma*9]y -- ,long ,sp9n+ -- ,%ort ,sp9n+ -- ,sp9n+ & ,f9i%+ ,processes -- ,utilisation ( ,wa/e ,products -- ,noil ,sp9n+ -- ,exhau/ ,noil ,sp9n+4 ,,books ,,on ,,textile ,,& ,,dye+ ,,subjects4 7p4 c#ai7 ,,! ,,*emical ,,te*nology ,,( ,,textile ,,fibres3 ,_! ,orig91 ,/ructure1 ,prep>ation1 ,wa%+1 ,blea*+1 ,dye+1 ,pr9t+ & ,dress+4 ,by ,dr4 ,georg von ,,georgievics4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,*>les ,,salt]4 #cbj pp4 ,=ty-sev5 ,illu/rations4 ,royal #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,textile ,fibres -- ,wa%+1 ,blea*+1 ,c>bonis+ -- ,mordants & ,mordant+ -- ,dye+ -- ,pr9t+ -- ,dress+ & ,f9i%+4 ,,p[]-,,loom ,,weav+ ,,& ,,y>n ,,numb]+4 ,accord+ to ,v>i\s ,sy/ems1 ) ,conv]sion ,tables4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,an?on ,,grun]4 ,) ,tw5ty-,six ,diagrams 9 ,col\rs4 #aej pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #i;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,p[]-,loom ,weav+ 9 ,g5]al4 ,v>i\s ,sy/ems ( ,looms -- ,m\nt+ & ,/>t+ ! ,p[]-,loom4 ,engli% ,looms -- ,tappet or ,treadle ,looms -- ,dobbies -- ,g5]al ,rem>ks on ! ,numb]+1 ,reel+ & ,pack+ ( ,y>n -- ,app5dix -- ,useful ,h9ts4 ,calculat+ ,w>ps -- ,weft ,calculations -- ,calculations ( ,co/ ,price 9 ,hanks4 ,,textile ,,raw ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,_! ,,conv]sion ,,into ,,y>ns4 7,! ,/udy ( ! ,raw ,mat]ials & ! ,te*nology ( ! ,sp9n+ ,process47 ,by ,julius ,,zips]4 ,translat$ f ,g]man by ,*>les ,,salt]4 #cjb ,illu/rations4 #ejj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,,"p #a4 -- ,! ,raw ,mat]ials ,us$ 9 ! ,textile ,indu/ry4 ,,m9]al ,,raw ,,mat]ials4 ,,vegetable ,,raw ,,mat]ials4 ,,animal ,,raw ,,mat]ials4 ,,"p ,,ii4 -- ,! ,te*nology ( ,sp9n+ or ! ,conv]sion ( ,textile ,raw ,mat]ials into ,y>n4 ,,sp9n+ ,,vegetable ,,raw ,,mat]ials4 ,cotton ,sp9n+ -- ,in/allation ( a ,cotton ,mill -- ,sp9n+ ,wa/e ,cotton & ,wa/e ,cotton ,y>ns -- ,flax ,sp9n+ -- ,f9e ,sp9n+ -- ,t[ ,sp9n+ -- ,hemp ,sp9n+ -- ,sp9n+ ,hemp ,t[ ,/r+ -- ,jute ,sp9n+ -- ,sp9n+ ,jute ,l9e ,y>n -- ,utilis+ ,jute ,wa/e4 ,,"p ,,iii4 -- ,sp9n+ ,animal ,raw ,mat]ials4 ,sp9n+ ,c>d$ ,wooll5 ,y>n -- ,f9i%+ ,y>n -- ,wor/$ ,sp9n+ -- ,f9i%+ ,wor/$ ,y>n -- ,artificial ,wool or ,%oddy ,sp9n+ -- ,%oddy & ,mungo ,manufacture -- ,sp9n+ ,%oddy & o!r ,wool ,sub/itutes -- ,sp9n+ ,wa/e ,silk -- ,*appe ,silk -- ,f9e ,sp9n+ -- ,index4 ,,gramm> ,,( ,,textile ,,design4 ,by ,h4 ,,nisbet1 ,weav+ & ,design+ ,ma/]1 ,bolton ,municipal ,te*nical ,s*ool4 ,demy #hvo4 #bhj pp4 #dij ,illu/rations & ,diagrams4 ,price #fs4 net4 7,po/ free1 #fs4 #aj;d4 home2 #gs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,*apt] ,i41 ,,introduction4 -- ,g5]al ,pr9ciple ( ,fabric ,/ructure & ! use ( ,design ,pap]4 ,*apt] ,,ii41 ,,! ,,pla9 ,,weave ,,& ,,its ,,modifications4 -- ,! ,pla91 ,calico1 or ,tabby ,weave4 -- ,firmness ( ,texture -- ,v>iety ( ,texture -- ,v>iety ( ,=m3 ,ribb$ ,fabrics -- ,cord$ ,fabrics -- ,matt ,weaves4 ,*apt] ,,iii41 ,,twill ,,& ,,k9dr$ ,,weaves4 -- ,classification ( ,twill ,weaves4 -- #a4 ,cont9u\s ,twills -- 7a7 ,w>p-face ,twills -- 7b7 ,weft-face ,twills -- 7c7 ,w>p & ,weft-face ,twills -- ,! ,angle ( ,twill -- ,influ5ces affect+ ! ,prom95ce ( ,twills & ,k9dr$ ,weaves 7a7 ,"* ( ,weave1 7b7 ,"* ( ,y>n1 7c7 ,numb] ( ,?reads p] ,in*1 7d7 ,direction ( ,twill 9 ,relation to ! ,direction ( ,twi/ 9 ,y>n -- #b4 ,zigzag or ,wavy ,twills -- #c4 ,re>rang$ ,twills3 ,sat9 ,weaves -- ,table ( ,int]vals ( ,selection = ! ,con/ruction ( ,sat9 ,weaves -- ,corkscrew ,twills -- ,re>rangem5t ( ,twill ,weaves on ,sat9 & o!r ,bases -- #d4 ,comb9$ ,twills -- #e4 ,brok5 ,twills -- #f4 ,figur$ or ,ornam5t$ ,twills4 ,*apt] ,,iv41 ,,diamond ,,& ,,k9dr$ ,,weaves1 -- ,diamond ,weaves4 -- ,honeycomb & ,k9dr$ ,weaves -- ,brighton ,weaves -- ,sponge ,weaves -- ,huck-a-,back & ,k9dr$ ,weaves -- ,grecian ,weaves -- ,l9e> ,zigzag ,weaves4 ,*apt] ,v41 ,,b$=d ,,cords4 -- ,pla9 ,calico-ribb$ ,b$=d ,cords 7p4 c#bj7 -- ,pla9 ,twill-ribb$ ,b$=d ,cords -- ,figur$ ,b$=d ,cords -- ,tabulat$ ,data ( ,p>ticul>s relat+ to ! ,manufacture ( ,sev5te5 ,v>ieties ( ,b$=d ,cord ,fabrics describ$ 9 ?is ,*apt]4 ,*apt] ,,vi41 ,,back$ ,,fabrics4 -- ,weft-back$ ,fabrics -- ,w>p-back$ ,fabrics -- ,rev]sible or ,d\ble-fac$ ,fabrics4 ,*apt] ,,vii41 ,,fu/ians4 -- ,v>ieties ( ,fu/ians4 -- ,imp]ials or ,swansd[ns -- ,cantoons or ,diagonals -- ,molesk9s -- ,beav]te5s -- ,velvete5s & ,velvete5 ,cutt+ -- ,ribb$ or ,cord$ ,velvete5 -- ,figur$ ,velvete5 -- ,corduroy -- ,figur$ ,corduroy -- ,corduroy ,cutt+ ,ma*9es4 ,*apt] ,,viii41 ,,t]ry ,,pile ,,fabrics4 -- ,me?ods ( produc+ ,t]ry ,pile on ,textile ,fabrics -- ,t]ry-=m+ ,devices -- ,v>ieties ( ,t]ry ,fabrics -- ,action ( ! ,re$ 9 ,relation to ,%$d+ -- ,figur$ ,t]ry ,weav+ -- ,practical ,details ( ,t]ry ,weav+4 ,*apt] ,,ix41 ,,gauze ,,& ,,l5o ,,fabrics4 -- ,gauze1 ,net ,l5o1 & ,l5o ,brocade ,v>ieties ( ,cross-,weav+4 -- ,pla9 ,gauze1 & a ,heald ,gauze or ,l5o ,h>ness -- ,net ,l5o ,fabrics -- ,gauze & ,net ,l5o ,figur+ by means ( sev]al ,back ,/&>d ,healds to ea* ,d\p ,heald -- ,l5o ,specialities produc$ by a ,sy/em ( ,cross+ ,w>p ,ends 9 front ( ! ,re$ -- ,a ,device = ! ,production ( ,special ,l5o ,effects -- ,full ,cross ,l5o ,fabrics -- ,relative ,m]its ( a ,top & a ,bottom ,d\p ,h>ness -- ,relative ,m]its ( ,diff]5t ,types ( ,dobbies = ,gauze & ,l5o ,fabrics -- ,%ak+ ,devices = ,l5o ,weav+ -- ,practical ,details ( ,l5o ,weav+ -- ,temp]$ ,/eel-wire ,d\p ,h>nesses = ,cross-weav+ -- ,mock or ,imitation ,l5o ,fabrics4 ,*apt] ,x41 ,,tissue1 ,,lappet1 ,,& ,,swivel ,,figur+2 ,,also ,,ondul ,,effects1 ,,& ,,loop$ ,,fabrics4 -- ,tissue ,figur+ -- ,madras ,musl9 ,curta9s -- ,lappet ,figur+ -- ,spot ,lappet ,figur+ -- ,swivel ,figur+ -- ,wov5 ,ondul ,effects -- ,loom = ,weav+ ,ondul ,effects -- ,weft ,ondul ,effects -- ,loop$ ,fabrics4 -- ,,index4 ,,ne$lework ,,& ,,design4 ,by ,miss ,m4 ,e4 ,,wilk9son4 ,qu>to4 #bd ,plates & ,text4 #eb pp4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,home ,,lace-,,mak+4 ,a ,h&book = ,tea*]s & ,pupils4 ,by ,m4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,milroy4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fd pp4 ,) #c ,plates & #i ,diagrams4 ,price #as4 net4 7,po/ free1 #as4 #c;d4 home2 #as4 #d;d4 abroad47 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,hat ,,manufactur+4 ,lectures deliv]$ be=e ! ,hat ,manufactur]s' ,association4 ,by ,watson ,,smi?1 ,f4,c4,s41 ,f4,i4,c4 ,revis$ & ,edit$ by ,alb]t ,,%onk1 ,cr[n #hvo4 #acb pp4 #af ,illu/rations4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #i;d4 home2 #gs4 #aj;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,textile ,fibres1 pr9cipally ,wool1 ,fur1 & ,hair -- ,wat]3 its ,*emi/ry & ,prop]ties2 ,impurities & _! ,action2 ,te/s ( ,purity -- ,acids & ,alkalis -- ,boric ,acid1 ,borax1 ,soap -- ,%ellac1 ,wood ,_s1 & ! ,/iff5+ & ,pro(+ ,process -- ,mordants3 _! ,nature & ,use -- ,dye-/uffs & ,col\rs -- ,dye+ ( ,wool & ,fur2 & ,optical ,prop]ties ( ,col\rs-,index4 ,,! ,,te*nical ,,te/+ ,,( ,,y>ns ,,& ,,textile ,,fabrics4 ,) ,ref]5ce to ,(ficial ,specifications4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,,h]zfeld4 ,second ,edition4 ,sixty-n9e ,illu/rations4 #bjj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,y>n ,te/+4 ,det]m9+ ! ,y>n ,numb] -- ,te/+ ! ,l5g? ( ,y>ns -- ,exam9ation ( ! ,ext]nal ,appe>ance ( ,y>n -- ,det]m9+ ! ,twi/ ( ,y>n & ,twi/ -- ,det]m9ation ( ,t5sile ,/r5g? & ,ela/icity -- ,e/imat+ ! ,p]c5tage ( ,fat 9 ,y>n -- ,det]m9ation ( ,moi/ure 7,condition+7 -- ,app5dix4 ,,decorative ,,& ,,fancy ,,textile ,,fabrics4 ,by ,r4 ,t4 ,,"l4 ,manufactur]s & ,design]s ( ,c>pets1 ,damask1 ,dress & all ,textile ,fabrics4 #bjj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #acb ,designs & ,illu/rations4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,damask ,,weav+4 ,by ,h4 ,,k9z] & ,k4 ,,walt]4 ,royal #hvo4 ,eighte5 ,fold+ ,plates ,six ,illu/rations4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 #aaj pp4 ,price #hs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #is4 home2 #is4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 7p4 c#ba7 ,! ,v>i\s ,sorts ( ,damask ,fabrics -- ,drill 7,tick+1 ,h&loom-made7 -- ,:ole ,damask = ,tableclo?s -- ,damask ) ,gr\nd- & ,connect+-w>p ,?reads -- ,furniture ,damask -- ,lampas or ,hang+s -- ,*ur* ,damasks -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,:ole ,damask -- ,damask ,arrangem5t ) & )\t ,cross-,%$d+ -- ,! ,alt]$ ,cone-arrangem5t -- ,! ,pr9ciple ( ! ,corn] ,lift+ ,cord -- ,! ,roll] ,pr9ciple -- ,! ,comb9ation ( ! ,jacqu>d ) ! s-call$ ,damask ,ma*9e -- ,! ,special ,damask ,ma*9e -- ,! ,comb9ation ( ,two ,ty+s4 ,,faults ,,9 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,wooll5 ,,goods ,,& ,,_! ,,prev5tion4 ,by ,nicolas ,,reis]4 ,translat$ f ! ,second ,g]man ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,sixty-?ree ,illu/rations4 #agj pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,improp]ly ,*os5 ,raw ,mat]ial or ,improp] ,mixtures -- ,wrong ,treatm5t ( ! ,mat]ial 9 ,wa%+1 ,c>bonisation1 ,dry+1 ,dye+ & ,sp9n+ -- ,improp] ,spac+ ( ! ,goods 9 ! ,loom -- ,wrong ,plac+ ( ,col\rs -- ,wrong ,weight or ,wid? ( ! ,goods -- ,break+ ( ,w>p & ,weft ,?reads -- ,pres5ce ( ,d\bles1 ,s+les1 ,?ick1 ,loose1 & too ,h>d ,twi/$ ,?reads z well z ,tangles1 ,?ick ,knots & ! ,l -- ,errors 9 ,cross-weav+--,inequalities1 i4e41 ,b&s & ,/ripes -- ,dirty ,bord]s -- ,defective ,selv$ges -- ,holes & ,buttons -- ,rubb$ ,places -- ,creases -- ,spots -- ,loose & ,bad ,col\rs -- ,badly ,dy$ ,selv$ges -- ,h>d ,goods -- ,brittle ,goods -- ,unev5 ,goods -- ,removal ( ,b&s1 ,/ripes1 ,creases & ,spots4 ,,sp9n+ ,,& ,,weav+ ,,calculations1 especially relat+ to ,wooll5s4 ,f ! ,g]man ( ,n4 ,,reis]4 ,?irty-f\r ,illu/rations4 ,tables4 #afj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijd4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,calculat+ ! ,raw ,mat]ial -- ,proportion ( ,diff]5t ,grades ( ,wool to ,furni% a ,mixture at a ,giv5 ,price -- ,quantity to ,produce a ,giv5 ,l5g? -- ,y>n ,calculations -- ,y>n ,numb] -- ,work+ ,calculations -- ,calculat+ ! ,re$ ,c\nt -- ,co/ ( ,weav+1 etc4 ,,wat]pro(+ ,,( ,,fabrics4 ,by ,dr4 ,s4 ,,mi]z9ski4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #ajd pp4 #bi ,illus4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #d;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction -- ,prelim9>y ,treatm5t ( ! ,fabric -- ,wat]pro(+ ) ,acetate ( ,alum9a -- ,impregnation ( ! ,fabric -- ,dry+ -- ,wat]pro(+ ) ,p>aff9 -- ,wat]pro(+ ) ,ammonium ,cuprate -- ,wat]pro(+ ) ,metallic ,oxides -- ,col\r$ ,wat]pro( ,fabrics -- ,wat]pro(+ ) ,gelat9e1 ,tann91 ,case9ate ( ,lime & o!r ,bodies -- ,manufacture ( ,t>paul9 -- ,briti% ,wat]pro(+ ,pat5ts -- ,index4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,wooll5 ,,mill ,,pay4 ,by ,john ,,mackie4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gf pp4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #cs4 #i;d4 home2 #cs4 #aj;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,bl5ds1 ,piles1 or ,mixtures ( ,clean ,sc\r$ ,wools -- ,dy$ ,wool ,book -- ,! ,ord] ,book -- ,patt]n ,duplicate ,books -- ,managem5t & ,ov]sight -- ,con/ant ,inspection ( ,hill ,dep>tm5ts -- ,importance ( ,deliv]+ ,goods to ,"t1 ,%ade1 ,/r5g?1 etc4 -- ,plums4 7,= ,textile ,soaps & ,oils see p4 #g47 ,,dye+1 ,,col\r ,,pr9t+1 ,,mat*+ ,,& ,,dye-,,/uffs4 ,,! ,,col\r ,,pr9t+ ,,( ,,c>pet ,,y>ns4 ,manual = ,col\r ,*emi/s & ,textile ,pr9t]s4 ,by ,david ,,pat]son1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,sev5te5 ,illu/rations4 #acf pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d1 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,/ructure & ,con/itution ( ,wool ,fibre -- ,y>n ,sc\r+ -- ,sc\r+ ,mat]ials -- ,wat] = ,sc\r+ -- ,blea*+ ,c>pet ,y>ns -- ,col\r ,mak+ = ,y>n ,pr9t+ -- ,col\r ,pr9t+ ,pa/es -- ,col\r ,recipes = ,y>n ,pr9t+ -- ,sci5ce ( ,col\r ,mix+ -- ,mat*+ ( ,col\rs -- ,hank ,pr9t+ -- ,pr9t+ ,tape/ry ,c>pet ,y>ns -- ,y>n ,pr9t+ -- ,/eam+ ,pr9t$ ,y>ns -- ,wa%+ ( ,/eam$ ,y>ns -- ,anil9e ,col\rs ,suitable = ,y>n ,pr9t+ -- ,gloss>y ( ,dyes & ,dye-w>es us$ 9 ,wood ,y>n ,pr9t+ -- ,app5dix4 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,col\r ,,mix+4 ,a ,manual int5d$ = ! use ( 7p4 c#bb7 ,dy]s1 ,calico ,pr9t]s & ,col\r ,*emi/s4 ,by ,david ,,pat]son1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,=ty-"o ,illu/rations1 ,five ,col\r$ ,plates1 & ,f\r ,plates %[+ ,elev5 ,dy$ ,specim5s ( ,fabrics4 #acb pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,col\r a ,s5sation2 ,col\rs ( ,illum9at$ ,bodies2 ,col\rs ( ,opaque & ,transp>5t ,bodies2 ,surface ,col\r -- ,analysis ( ,light2 ,spectrum2 ,homog5e\s ,col\rs2 ,ready ,me?od ( ,obta9+ a ,spectrum -- ,exam9ation ( ,sol> ,spectrum2 ,! ,spectroscope & ,its ,con/ruction2 ,col\ri/s' ,use ( ! ,spectroscope -- ,col\r by ,absorption3 ,solutions & ,dy$ ,fabrics2 ,di*roic ,col\r$ ,fabrics 9 ,gaslight -- ,col\r ,prim>ies ( ! ,sci5ti/ v]sus ! ,dy] & ,arti/2 ,col\r ,mix+ by ,rotation & ,lye ,dye+2 ,hue1 ,purity1 ,brightness2 ,t9ts2 ,%ades1 ,scales1 ,tones1 ,sad & ,sombre ,col\rs -- ,col\r ,mix+2 ,pure & ,impure ,gre5s1 ,orange & ,violets2 ,l>ge ,v>iety ( ,%ades f few ,col\rs2 ,consid]ation ( ! ,practical ,prim>ies3 ,r$1 ,yell[ & ,blue -- ,second>y ,col\rs2 ,nom5clature ( ,violet & ,purple ,gr\p2 ,t9ts & ,%ades ( ,violet2 ,*anges 9 ,artificial ,light -- ,t]ti>y ,%ades2 ,brok5 ,hues2 ,absorption ,spectra ( ,t]ti>y ,%ades -- ,app5dix3 ,f\r ,plates ) ,dy$ ,specim5s ,illu/rat+ ,text -- ,index4 ,,dy]s' ,,mat]ials3 ,an ,introduction to ! ,exam9ation1 ,evaluation & ,application ( ! mo/ important ,sub/ances us$ 9 ,dye+1 ,pr9t+1 ,blea*+ & ,f9i%+4 ,by ,paul ,,he]man1 ,ph4,d4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,a4 ,c4 ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 7,oxon471 ,b4,sc4 7,lond474 ,tw5ty-f\r ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aej pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,,col\r ,,mat*+ ,,on ,,textiles4 ,a ,manual int5d$ = ! use ( ,/ud5ts ( ,col\r ,*emi/ry1 ,dye+ & ,textile ,pr9t+4 ,by ,david ,,pat]son1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,col\r$ ,frontispiece4 ,tw5ty-n9e ,illu/rations & ,f\rte5 ,specim5s ,( ,dy$ ,fabrics4 ,demy #hvo4 #acb pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,col\r ,vision & ,/ructure ( ! ,eye -- ,p]ception ( ,col\r -- ,prim>y & ,complem5t>y ,col\r ,s5sations -- ,daylight = ,col\r ,mat*+ -- ,selection ( a ,good ,pure ,light -- ,diffus$ ,daylight1 ,direct ,sunlight1 ,blue ,skylight1 ,v>iability ( ,daylight1 etc41 etc4 -- ,mat*+ ( ,hues -- ,purity & ,lum9osity ( ,col\rs -- ,mat*+ ,bright ,hues -- ,aid ( ,t9t$ ,films -- ,mat*+ ,difficulties ,aris+ f ,contra/ -- ,exam9ation ( ,col\rs by ,reflect$ & ,transmitt$ ,lights -- ,effect ( ,lu/re & ,transp>5cy ( ,fibres 9 ,col\r ,mat*+ -- ,mat*+ ( ,col\rs on ,velvet ,pile -- ,optical ,prop]ties ( ,dye-/uffs1 ,di*roism1 ,fluoresc5ce -- ,use ( ,t9t$ ,m$iums -- ,orange ,film -- ,defects ( ! ,eye -- ,yell[+ ( ! ,l5s -- ,col\r ,bl9dness1 etc4 -- ,mat*+ ( ,dy$ ,silk ,trimm+s & ,l9+s & ,b9d+s -- ,its ,difficulties -- ,behavi\r ( ,%ades 9 ,artificial ,light -- ,col\r ,mat*+ ( ,old ,fabrics1 etc4 -- ,exam9ation ( ,dy$ ,col\rs "u ! ,artificial ,lights -- ,electric ,arc1 ,magnesium & ,dufton1 ,g>dn] ,lights1 ,welsba*1 ,acetyl5e1 etc4 -- ,te/+ ,qualities ( an ,illum9ant -- ,influ5ce ( ! ,absorption ,spectrum 9 ,*anges ( ,hue "u ! ,artificial ,lights -- ,/udy ( ! ,causes ( ,abnormal ,modifications ( ,hue1 etc4 ,,col\r3 ,a ,,h&book ,,( ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,col\r4 ,by ,george ,h4 ,,hur/1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,) ,t5 ,col\r$ ,plates & ,sev5ty-two ,illu/rations4 #afj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,col\r & ,its ,production -- ,cause ( ,col\r 9 ,col\r$ ,bodies -- ,col\r ,ph5om5a & ,!ories -- ,! ,physiology ( ,light -- ,contra/ -- ,col\r 9 ,decoration & ,design -- ,measurem5t ( ,col\r4 ,reissue ( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,dye+ ,,wool1 ,,silk ,,& ,,cotton4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,m4 ,,hellot1 ,m4 ,,macqu] & ,m4 le ,,pileur ,d',,apligny4 ,fir/ ,publi%$ 9 ,engli% 9 #aghi4 ,six ,plates4 ,demy #hvo4 #ddf pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #f;d4 home2 #fs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,! ,art ( ,dye+ ,wool & ,wooll5 ,clo?1 ,/uffs1 ,y>n1 ,wor/$1 etc4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,! ,art ( ,dye+ ,silk4 ,"p ,,iii41 ,! ,art ( ,dye+ ,cotton & ,l95 ,?read1 toge!r ) ! ,me?od ( ,/amp+ ,silks1 ,cottons1 etc4 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,dye-,,/uffs4 ,by ,dr4 ,georg ,von ,,georgievics4 7p4 c#bc7 ,translat$ f ! ,second ,g]man ,edition4 #dab pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction -- ,coal ,t> -- ,int]m$iate ,products 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,dye-/uffs--,! ,artificial ,dye-/uffs 7,coal-t> ,dyes7 -- ,nitroso ,dye-/uffs -- ,nitro ,dye-/uffs -- ,azo ,dye-/uffs -- ,sub/antive ,cotton ,dye-/uffs -- ,azoxy/ilb5e ,dye-/uffs -- ,hydrazones -- ,ketoneimides -- ,triph5ylme?ane ,dye-/uffs -- ,rosolic ,acid ,dye-/uffs -- ,xan!ne ,dye-/uffs -- ,xan?one ,dye-/uffs -- ,flavones -- ,oxyketone ,dye-/uffs -- ,qu9ol9e & ,acrid9e ,dye-/uffs -- ,qu9onimide or ,diph5ylam9e ,dye-/uffs -- ,! ,az9e ,gr\p3 ,eurhod9es1 ,safran9es & ,indul9es -- ,eurhod9es -- ,safran9es -- ,qu9oxal9es -- ,indigo -- ,dye-/uffs ( ,unkn[n ,con/itution -- ,sulphur or ,sulph9e ,dye /uffs -- ,developm5t ( ! ,artificial ,dye-/uff ,indu/ry -- ,! ,natural ,dye-/uffs -- ,m9]al ,col\rs -- ,index4 ,,! ,,dye+ ,,( ,,cotton ,,fabrics3 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ! ,dy] & ,/ud5t4 ,by ,frankl9 ,,bee*1 ,practical ,col\ri/ & ,*emi/4 #bgb pp4 ,=ty-f\r ,illu/rations ( ,blea*+ & ,dye+ ,ma*9]y4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,/ructure & ,*emi/ry ( ! ,cotton ,fibre -- ,sc\r+ & ,blea*+ ( ,cotton --,dye+ ,ma*9]y & ,dye+ ,manipulations -- ,pr9ciples & ,practice ( ,cotton ,dye+ -- ,direct ,dye+2 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,metallic ,salts2 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,develop]s2 ,direct ,dye+ foll[$ by ,fixation ) ,c\pl]s2 ,dye+ on ,tannic ,mordant2 ,dye+ on ,metallic ,mordant2 ,production ( ,col\r ,direct ^u ,cotton ,fibres2 ,dye+ ,cotton by ,impregnation ) ,dye-/uff ,solution -- ,dye+ ,union 7,mix$ ,cotton & ,wool7 ,fabrics -- ,dye+ ,half ,silk 7,cotton-,silk1 ,sat97 ,fabrics -- ,op]ations foll[+ ,dye+ -- ,wa%+1 ,soap+1 ,dry+ -- ,te/+ ( ! ,col\r ( ,dy$ ,fabrics -- ,exp]im5tal ,dye+ & ,comp>ative ,dye ,te/+ -- ,index4 ,! book conta9s num]\s recipes = ! production on ,cotton ,fabrics ( all k9ds ( a great range ( col\rs4 ,,! ,,dye+ ,,( ,,wooll5 ,,fabrics4 ,by ,frankl9 ,,bee*1 ,practical ,col\ri/ & ,*emi/4 ,?irty-?ree ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #bbh pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,wool ,fibre -- ,/ructure1 ,composition & ,prop]ties -- ,processes ,prep>atory to ,dye+ -- ,sc\r+ & ,blea*+ ( ,wool -- ,dye+ ,ma*9]y & ,dye+ ,manipulations -- ,loose ,wool ,dye+1 ,y>n ,dye+ & ,piece ,dye+ ,ma*9]y -- ,! ,pr9ciples & ,practice ( ,wool ,dye+ -- ,prop]ties ( ,wool ,dye+ -- ,me?ods ( ,wool ,dye+ -- ,gr\ps ( ,dyes -- ,dye+ ) ! ,direct ,dyes -- ,dye+ ) ,basic ,dyes -- ,dye+ ) ,acid ,dyes -- ,dye+ ) ,mordant ,dyes -- ,level ,dye+ -- ,blacks on ,wool -- ,r$s on ,wool -- ,mordant+ ( ,wool -- ,orange ,%ades on ,wool -- ,yell[ ,%ades on ,wool -- ,gre5 ,%ades on ,wool -- ,blue ,%ades on ,wool -- ,violet ,%ades on ,wool -- ,br[n ,%ades on ,wool -- ,mode ,col\rs on ,wool -- ,dye+ ,union 7,mix$ ,cotton ,wool7 ,fabrics -- ,dye+ ( ,gloria -- ,op]ations foll[+ ,dye+ -- ,wa%+1 ,soap+1 ,dry+ -- ,exp]im5tal ,dye+ & ,comp>ative ,dye ,te/+ -- ,te/+ ( ! ,col\r ( ,dy$ ,fabrics -- ,index4 ,,blea*+ ,,& ,,wa%+4 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,blea*+ ,,( ,,l95 ,,& ,,cotton ,,y>n ,,& ,,fabrics4 ,by ,l4 ,,tailf]1 ,*emical & ,me*anical ,eng9e]4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,john ,,g$des ,mc,i,n,t,o,s,h4 ,demy #hvo4 #cjc pp4 ,tw5ty ,illus4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #acs4 home2 #acs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,,cotton ,,sp9n+ ,,& ,,comb+4 ,,cotton ,,sp9n+ 7,fir/ ,ye>74 ,by ,?omas ,,?ornley1 ,sp9n+ ,ma/]1 ,bolton ,te*nical ,s*ool4 #afj pp4 ,eighty-f\r ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,second ,impression4 ,price #cs4 net4 7,po/ free1 #cs4 #d;d4 home2 #cs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,syllabus & ,exam9ation ,pap]s ( ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute -- ,cultivation1 ,classification1 ,g9n+1 ,bal+ & ,mix+ ( ! ,raw ,cotton -- ,bale-,break]s1 ,mix+ ,lattices & ,hopp] ,fe$]s -- ,op5+ & ,scut*+ -- ,c>d+ -- ,indexes4 ,,cotton ,,sp9n+ 7,int]m$iate1 or ,second ,ye>74 ,by ,?omas 7p4 c#bd7 ,,?ornley4 #ahj pp4 ,sev5ty ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,syllabuses & ,exam9ation ,pap]s ( ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute -- ,! ,comb+ ,process -- ,! ,draw+ ,frame -- ,bobb9 & ,fly ,frames -- ,mule ,sp9n+ -- ,r+ ,sp9n+ -- ,g5]al ,indexes4 ,,cotton ,,sp9n+ 7,hon\rs1 or ,?ird ,ye>74 ,by ,?omas ,,?ornley4 #baf pp4 ,sev5ty-f\r ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,second ,edition4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,syllabuses & ,exam9ation ,pap]s ( ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute -- ,cotton--,! ,practical ,manipulation ( ,cotton ,sp9n+ ,ma*9]y -- ,d\bl+ & ,w9d+ -- ,reel+ -- ,w>p+ -- ,production & ,co/s -- ,ma9 ,driv+ -- ,arrangem5t ( ,ma*9]y & ,mill ,plann+ -- ,wa/e & ,wa/e ,sp9n+ -- ,indexes4 ,,cotton ,,comb+ ,,ma*9es4 ,by ,?os4 ,,?ornley1 ,sp9n+ ,ma/]1 ,te*nical ,s*ool1 ,bolton4 ,demy #hvo4 #aag ,illu/rations4 #cjj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #hs4 home2 #hs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,sliv] ,lap ,ma*9e & ! ,ribbon ,cap ,ma*9e -- ,g5]al ,description ( ! ,heilmann ,comb] -- ,! ,cam ,%aft -- ,on ! ,deta*+ & ,atta*+ ,me*anism ( ! ,comb] -- ,resett+ ( ,comb]s -- ,! ,erection ( a ,heilmann ,comb] -- ,/op ,motions3 ,v>i\s ,calculations -- ,v>i\s ,notes & ,discussions -- ,cotton ,comb+ ,ma*9es ( ,cont95tal ,make -- ,index4 ,,flax1 ,,hemp ,,& ,,jute ,,sp9n+4 ,,mod]n ,,flax1 ,,hemp ,,& ,,jute ,,sp9n+ ,,& ,,twi/+4 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ! use ( ,flax1 ,hemp & ,jute ,sp9n]s1 ,?read1 ,tw9e & ,rope ,mak]s4 ,by ,h]b]t ,r4 ,,c>t]1 ,mill ,manag]1 ,textile ,exp]t & ,eng9e]1 ,exam9] 9 ,flax ,sp9n+ to ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute4 ,demy #hvo4 #aijg4 ,) #ib ,illu/rations4 #bjj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #i;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,raw ,fibre4 -- ,orig9 ( ,flax -- ,hemp & ,jute ,fibre -- ,description ( ! ,plants -- ,mode ( ,cultivation -- ,suitable ,climate & ,soil -- ,s[+ -- ,h>ve/+ -- ,rippl+ ,flax & ,hemp -- ,wat] ,rett+ -- ,dew ,rett+ -- ,extraction ( ! ,fibre -- ,m>ket+ ! ,fibre -- ,bracqu+ -- ,flax1 ,hemp & ,jute ,m>ks -- ,comp>ative ,prices -- ,ports ( ,export -- ,trade ,c5tres -- ,fibre ,sell+ ,conditions -- ,duty on ,fibre -- ,fibre ,exports4 ,hackl+4 -- ,sort+ & ,/or+ ! ,raw ,fibre -- ,s(t5+ ,hemp & ,jute -- ,jute ,bat*+ -- ,cutt+ -- ,piec+ ,out -- ,r\gh+ -- ,hackl+ by ,h& & ,ma*9e -- ,tippl+ -- ,sort+ -- ,v5tilation ( ,hackl+ ,rooms4 ,sliv] ,=mation4 -- ,spread+ ,l9e -- ,heavy ,spread+ ,sy/em -- ,good's ,comb9$ ,hackle & ,spread] -- ,jute ,break+ & ,c>d+ -- ,flax & ,hemp ,t[ ,c>d+ -- ,bell ,calculation -- ,clock ,sy/em -- ,!ory ( ,spread+4 ,l9e & ,t[ ,prep>+4 -- ,draw+ & ,d\bl+ -- ,draft ,calculation -- ,set ,calculation -- ,t[ ,comb+ -- ,comp\nd ,sy/ems -- ,automatic ,/op ,motions & ,indep5d5t ,heads -- ,details ( ,prep>+ ,ma*9]y -- ,v5tilation -- ,humidification4 ,gill ,sp9n+4 -- ,gill ,sp9n+ = ,%oe ,?reads1 ,rope ,y>ns1 ,b9d] & ,trawl ,tw9es -- ,! ,automatic ,gill ,sp9n] -- ,rope & ,reap] ,y>n ,numb]+4 ,! ,flax1 ,hemp & ,jute ,rov+ ,frame4 -- ,bobb9 ,w9d+ -- ,diff]5tial ,motion -- ,twi/ ,calculation -- ,practical ,*ang+ -- ,rove ,/ock4 ,dry & ,half-,dry ,sp9n+4 -- ,fly] & ,r+ ,frames -- ,draft & ,twi/ ,calculation -- ,bobb9 ,dragg+ -- ,rea*es -- ,set ( ,brea/ ,beam & ,t9-rod4 ,wet ,sp9n+ ( ,flax1 ,hemp & ,t[ -- ,hot & ,cold ,wat] ,sp9n+ -- ,improvem5ts 9 ! ,wat] ,tr\gh -- ,turn (f & ,spe$ ( ,sp9dles -- ,rea*es -- ,belt+ -- ,b& ,ty+ -- ,tape ,driv+ -- ,oil+ -- ,black ,?reads -- ,cuts p] ,sp9dle -- ,v5tilation ( ! ,wet ,sp9n+ ,room4 ,y>n ,dep>tm5t4 -- ,reel+ -- ,cop ,w9d+ -- ,*eese & ,spool ,w9d+ -- ,ball+ ,%oe ,?read1 ,reap] ,y>n1 etc4 -- ,y>n ,dry+ & ,condition+ -- ,y>n ,bundl+ -- ,y>n ,bal+ -- ,weight ( ,y>n -- ,y>n ,tables -- ,duty on ,y>n ,imports4 ,manufacture ( ,?reads1 ,tw9es & ,cords4 -- ,hank ,w9d+ -- ,wet & ,dry ,twi/+ -- ,cabl+ -- ,fancy ,y>ns -- ,tw9e ,lay+ -- ,siz+ & ,poli%+ ,?reads & ,tw9es -- ,s(t5+ ,?reads -- ,ske9+ ,?reads -- ,ball+ ,tw9es -- ,leeson's ,univ]sal ,w9d] -- ,r&+ ,tw9es -- ,spool+ ,sew+ ,?reads -- ,comp>ative ,prices ( ,flax & ,hemp ,cords1 ,l9es & ,?reads4 ,rope ,mak+4 -- ,con/ruction ( ,haws]s & ,cables -- ,/r&+ -- ,lay+ & ,clos+ -- ,comp\nd ,rope ,ma*9es -- ,rules = ,rope ,mak]s -- ,weight ( ,ropes -- ,ball+ & ,coil+ ,ropes4 ,me*anical ,dep>tm5t4 -- ,boil]s1 ,eng9es & ,turb9es -- ,p[] ,transmission by ,belts & ,ropes -- ,electric ,light & ,p[] ,transmission -- ,fans -- ,oils & ,oil+ -- ,repairs -- ,flut+4 ,mill ,con/ruction4 -- ,flax1 ,hemp & ,jute ,sp9n+ ,mills & ,rope works -- ,heat+ -- ,ro(s -- ,*imneys1 etc4 ,,colli]ies ,,& ,,m9es4 7p4 c#be7 ,,recov]y ,,"w ,,aft] ,,pit ,,fires4 ,by ,rob]t ,,lampre*t1 ,m9+ ,eng9e] & ,manag]4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,illu/rat$ by ,six l>ge ,plates1 conta9+ ,sev5ty-six ,illu/rations4 #age pp41 demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 home2 #aas4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,causes ( ,pit ,fires -- ,prev5tive ,regulations3 7#a7 ,! ,outbreak & ,rapid ,ext5sion ( a ,%aft ,fire c be mo/ reliably prev5t$ by ,employ+ little or no ,combu/ible ,mat]ial 9 ! ,con/ruction ( ! ,%aft2 7#b7 ,precautions = ,rapidly ,localis+ an ,outbreak ( ,fire 9 ! ,%aft2 7#c7 ,precautions to be ,adopt$ 9 case ^? "u #a & #b ,fail or ,prove ,ineffici5t4 ,precautions aga9/ ,spontane\s ,ignition ( ,coal4 ,precautions = ,prev5t+ ,explosions ( ,fire-damp & ,coal ,du/4 ,employm5t ( ,electricity 9 ,m9+1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,fi]y ,pits4 ,exp]im5ts on ! ,ignition ( ,fire-damp ,mixtures & ,cl\ds ( ,coal ,du/ by ,electricity -- ,indications ( an ,exi/+ or ,incipi5t ,fire -- ,appliances = ,work+ 9 ,irrespirable ,gases3 ,respiratory ,app>atus2 ,app>atus ) ,air ,supply ,pipes2 ,res]voir ,app>atus2 ,oxyg5 ,app>atus -- ,ext+ui%+ ,pit ,fires3 7a7 ,*emical ,means2 7b7 ,ext9ction ) ,wat]4 ,dragg+ d[n ! ,burn+ ,masses & ,pack+ ) ,clay2 7c7 ,insulat+ ! ,seat ( ! ,fire by ,dams4 ,dam ,build+4 ,analyses ( ,fire ,gases4 ,isolat+ ! ,seat ( a ,fire ) ,dams3 ,work+ 9 ,irrespirable ,gases 7,gas-div+73 ,air-,lock ,"w4 ,complete ,isolation ( ! ,pit4 ,flood+ a ,burn+ ,section isolat$ by means ( ,dams4 ,wood5 ,dams3 ,masonry ,dams4 ,examples ( ,cyl9drical & ,dome-%ap$ ,dams4 ,dam ,doors3 ,flood+ ! ,:ole ,pit -- ,rescue ,/ations3 7a7 ,/ations above ,gr\nd2 7b7 ,und]gr\nd ,rescue ,/ations -- ,spontane\s ,ignition ( ,coal 9 ,bulk -- ,index4 ,,v5tilation ,,9 ,,m9es4 ,by ,rob]t ,,wabn]1 ,m9+ ,eng9e]4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,royal #hvo4 ,?irty ,plates & ,tw5ty-two ,illu/rations4 #bdj pp4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,causes ( ! ,contam9ation ( ,pit ,air -- ,! ,means ( ,prev5t+ ! ,dang]s result+ f ! ,contam9ation ( ,pit ,air -- ,calculat+ ! ,volume ( ,v5tilat+ ,curr5t necess>y to free ,pit ,air f ,contam9ation -- ,det]m9ation ( ! ,resi/ance ,oppos$ to ! ,passage ( ,air ?r\gh ! ,pit -- ,laws ( ,resi/ance & ,=mul !re= -- ,fluctuations 9 ! ,temp]am5t or ,specific ,resi/ance ( a ,pit -- ,means = ,provid+ a ,v5tilat+ ,curr5t 9 ! ,pit -- ,me*anical ,v5tilation -- ,v5tilators & ,fans -- ,det]m9+ ! ,!oretical1 ,initial1 & ,true 7,effective7 ,depression ( ! ,c5trifugal ,fan -- ,new ,types ( ,c5trifugal ,fan ( ,small ,diamet] & ,high ,work+ ,spe$ -- ,utilis+ ! ,v5tilat+ ,curr5t to ! utmo/ ,advantage & di/ribut+ ! same ?r\gh ! ,work+s -- ,artificially ret>d+ ! ,v5tilat+ ,curr5t -- ,v5tilat+ ,prelim9>y ,work+s -- ,bl9d ,head+s -- ,sep>ate ,v5tilation -- ,sup]vision ( ,v5tilation -- ,,index4 ,,haulage ,,& ,,w9d+ ,,appliances ,,us$ ,,9 ,,m9es4 ,by ,c>l ,,volk4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,royal #hvo4 ,) ,six ,plates & #adh ,illu/rations4 #aej pp4 ,price #hs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #is4 home2 #is4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,haulage ,appliances -- ,ropes -- ,haulage ,tubs & ,tracks -- ,cages & ,w9d+ ,appliances -- ,w9d+ ,eng9es = ,v]tical ,%afts -- ,w9d+ )\t ,ropes -- ,haulage 9 ,levels & ,incl9es -- ,! ,work+ ( ,und]gr\nd ,eng9es -- ,ma*9]y = ,d[nhill ,haulage4 ,,d5tal ,,metallurgy4 ,,d5tal ,,metallurgy3 ,,manual ,,= ,,/ud5ts ,,& ,,d5ti/s4 ,by ,a4 ,b4 ,,griffi?s1 ,ph4,d4 ,demy #hvo4 ,?irty-six ,illu/rations4 #bjj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,introduction -- ,physical ,prop]ties ( ! ,metals -- ,action ( ,c]ta9 ,ag5ts on ,metals -- ,alloys -- ,action ( ,oral ,bact]ia on ,alloys -- ,!ory & ,v>ieties ( ,bl[pipes -- ,fluxes -- ,furnaces & ,appliances -- ,heat & ,temp]ature -- ,gold -- ,m]cury -- ,silv] -- ,iron -- ,copp] -- ,z9c -- ,magnesium -- ,cadmium -- ,t9 -- ,lead -- ,alum9ium -- ,antimony -- ,bismu? -- ,palladium -- ,plat9um -- ,iridium -- ,nickel -- ,practical ,"w -- ,weights & ,measures4 ,,eng9e]+1 ,,smoke ,,prev5tion ,,& ,,metallurgy4 7p4 c#bf7 ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,smoke4 ,comb9$ ) ! ,economical ,combu/ion ( ,fuel4 ,by ,w4 ,c4 ,,popplewell1 ,m4,sc41 ,a4,m4,in/41 ,c4,e41 ,consult+ ,eng9e]4 ,=ty-six ,illu/rations4 #aij pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,fuel & ,combu/ion -- ,h& ,fir+ 9 ,boil] ,furnaces -- ,/ok+ by ,me*anical ,means -- ,p[d]$ ,fuel -- ,gase\s ,fuel -- ,effici5cy & ,smoke ,te/s ( ,boil]s -- ,"s ,/&>d ,smoke ,trials -- ,! ,legal ,aspect ( ! ,smoke ,"q -- ,! ,be/ ,means to be adopt$ = ! ,prev5tion ( ,smoke -- ,index4 ,,gas ,,& ,,coal ,,du/ ,,fir+4 ,a ,critical ,review ( ! ,v>i\s ,appliances ,pat5t$ 9 ,g]many = ?is purpose s9ce #ahhe4 ,by ,alb]t ,p,,ts*4 #acj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,) #ajc ,illu/rations4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,g5]ators -- ,g5]ators ,employ+ ,/eam -- ,/irr+ & ,fe$ ,regulat+ ,appliances -- ,direct ,g5]ators -- ,burn]s -- ,reg5]ators & ,recup]ators -- ,glass ,smelt+ ,furnaces -- ,metallurgical ,furnaces -- ,pott]y ,furnace -- ,coal ,du/ ,fir+ -- ,index4 ,,! ,,h>d5+ ,,& ,,temp]+ ,,( ,,/eel ,,9 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice4 ,by ,fridol9 ,,reis]4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ! ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abj pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #d;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,/eel -- ,*emical & ,physical ,prop]ties ( ,/eel1 & _! ,casual ,connection -- ,classification ( ,/eel accord+ to ,use -- ,te/+ ! ,quality ( ,/eel -- ,/eel-,h>d5+ -- ,inve/igation ( ! ,causes ( ,failure 9 ,h>d5+ -- ,reg5]ation ( ,/eel ,spoilt 9 ! ,furnace -- ,weld+ ,/eel -- ,index4 ,,sid]ology3 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,iron 7,! ,con/itution ( ,iron ,alloys & ,slags74 ,translat$ f ,g]man ( ,hanns ,freih]r v4 ,j,,ptn]4 #cej pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,elev5 ,plates & ,t5 ,illu/rations4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,!ory ( ,solution4 -- ,solutions -- ,molt5 ,alloys -- ,v>ieties ( ,solutions -- ,osmotic ,pressure -- ,relation betwe5 ,osmotic ,pressure & o!r ,prop]ties ( ,solutions -- ,osmotic ,pressure & ,molecul> ,weight ( ! ,dissolv$ ,sub/ance -- ,solutions ( ,gases -- ,solid ,solutions -- ,solubility -- ,diffusion -- ,electrical ,conductivity -- ,con/itution ( ,electrolytes & ,metals -- ,!rmal ,expansion4 ,micrography4 -- ,micro/ructure -- ,! ,micrographic ,con/itu5ts ( ,iron -- ,relation betwe5 ,micrographical ,composition1 ,c>bon-,cont5t1 & ,!rmal ,treatm5t ( ,iron ,alloys -- ,! ,micro/ructure ( ,slags4 ,*emical ,composition ( ! ,alloys ( ,iron4 -- ,con/itu5ts ( ,iron ,alloys -- ,c>bon -- ,con/itu5ts ( ! ,iron ,alloys1 ,c>bon -- ,op9ions & ,rese>*es on ,comb9$ ,c>bon -- ,apply+ ! ,curves ( ,solution d$uc$ f ! ,curves ( ,recalesc5ce to ! ,det]m9ation ( ! ,*emical ,composition ( ! ,c>bon pres5t 9 ,iron ,alloys -- ,! ,con/itu5ts ( ,iron -- ,iron -- ,! ,con/itu5ts ( ,iron ,alloys -- ,manganese -- ,rema9+ ,con/itu5ts ( ,iron ,alloys -- ,a ,silicon -- ,gases4 ,! ,*emical ,composition ( ,slag4 -- ,silicate ,slags -- ,calculat+ ! ,composition ( ,silicate ,slags -- ,phosphate ,slags -- ,oxide ,slags -- ,app5dix -- ,index4 ,,evaporat+1 ,,cond5s+ ,,& ,,cool+ ,,app>atus4 ,explanations1 ,=mul & ,tables = ,use 9 ,practice4 ,by ,e4 ,,hausbr&1 ,eng9e]4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,c4 ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 7,oxon471 ,b4,sc4 7,lond474 ,) ,tw5ty-"o ,illu/rations & ,sev5ty-six ,tables4 #djj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 7p4 c#bg7 ,re,coeffici5t ( ,transmission ( ,heat1 k_/1 & ! ,mean ,temp]ature ,diff]5ce1 ,greek3 !ta_/m -- ,p>allel & ,opposite ,curr5ts -- ,app>atus = ,heat+ ) ,direct ,fire -- ,! ,injection ( ,saturat$ ,/eam -- ,sup]heat$ ,/eam -- ,evaporation by ,means ( ,hot ,liquids -- ,! ,transf]5ce ( ,heat 9 ,g5]al1 & ,transf]5ce by means ( ,saturat$ ,/eam 9 ,p>ticul> -- ,! ,transf]5ce ( ,heat f ,saturat$ ,/eam 9 ,pipes 7,coils7 & ,d\ble ,bottoms -- ,evaporation 9 a ,vacuum -- ,! ,multiple-effect ,evaporator -- ,multiple-effect ,evaporators f :i* ,extra ,/eam is ,tak5 -- ,! ,weight ( ,wat] :i* mu/ be ,evaporat$ f #ajj ,kilos1 ( ,liquor 9 ord] its ,orig9al ,p]c5tage ( ,dry ,mat]ials f #a-be p] c5t4 up to #bj-gj p] c5t4 -- ,! ,relative ,proportion ( ! ,heat+ ,surfaces 9 ! ,elem5ts ( ! ,multiple ,evaporator & _! ,actual ,dim5sions -- ,! ,pressure ,ex]t$ by ,curr5ts ( ,/eam & ,gas ^u ,float+ ,drops ( ,wat] -- ,! ,motion ( ,float+ ,drops ( ,wat] ^u :i* ,press ,curr5ts ( ,/eam -- ,! ,spla%+ ( ,evaporat+ ,liquids -- ,! ,diamet] ( ,pipes = ,/eam1 ,alcohol1 ,vap\r & ,air -- ,! ,diamet] ( ,wat] ,pipes -- ,! ,loss ( ,heat1 f ,app>atus & ,pipes to ! ,surr\nd+ ,air1 & ,means = ,prev5t+ ! ,loss -- ,cond5s]s -- ,heat+ ,liquids by ,means ( ,/eam -- ,! ,cool+ ( ,liquids -- ,! ,volumes to be ,exhau/$ f ,cond5s]s by ! ,air-pumps -- ,a ,few ,rem>ks on ,air-pumps & ! ,vacua !y ,produce -- ,! ,volumetric ,effici5cy ( ,air-pumps -- ,! ,volumes ( ,air :i* mu/ be ,exhau/$ f a ,vessel 9 ord] to ,r$uce its ,orig9al ,pressure to a ,c]ta9 ,l[] ,pressure -- ,index4 ,,sanit>y ,,plumb+1 ,,metal ,,"w1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,,ext]nal ,,plumb+ ,,"w4 ,a ,treatise on ,lead ,"w = ,ro(s4 ,by ,john ,w4 ,,h>t1 ,r4,p4,c4 #ahj ,illu/rations4 #bgb pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,second ,edition ,revis$4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,ca/ ,%eet ,lead -- ,mill$ ,%eet ,lead -- ,ro( ,cesspools -- ,socket ,pipes -- ,drips -- ,gutt]s -- ,gutt]s 7cont9u$7 -- ,breaks -- ,circul> ,breaks -- ,flats -- ,flats 7cont9u$7 -- ,rolls on ,flats -- ,roll ,ends -- ,roll ,int]sections -- ,seam ,rolls -- ,seam ,rolls 7cont9u$7 -- ,tack ,fix+s -- ,/ep ,fla%+s -- ,/ep ,fla%+s 7cont9u$7 -- ,secret ,gutt]s -- ,soak]s -- ,hip & ,valley ,soak]s -- ,dorm] ,w9d[s -- ,dorm] ,w9d[s 7cont9u$7 -- ,dorm] ,tops -- ,int]nal ,dorm]s -- ,skylights -- ,hips & ,ridg+ -- ,hips & ,ridg+ 7cont9u$7 -- ,fix+s = ,hips & ,ridg+ -- ,ornam5tal ,ridg+ -- ,ornam5tal ,curb ,rolls -- ,curb ,rolls -- ,cornices -- ,t[]s & ,f9ials -- ,t[]s & ,f9ials 7cont9u$7 -- ,t[]s & ,f9ials 7cont9u$7 -- ,domes -- ,domes 7cont9u$7 -- ,ornam5tal ,lead ,"w -- ,ra9 ,wat] ,heads -- ,ra9 ,wat] ,heads 7cont9u$7 -- ,ra9 ,wat] ,heads 7cont9u$74 ,,h9ts ,,to ,,plumb]s ,,on ,,jo9t ,,wip+1 ,,pipe ,,b5d+ ,,& ,,lead ,,burn+4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,correct$4 ,by ,john ,w4 ,,h>t1 ,r4,p4,c4 #ahd ,illu/rations4 #cac pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #hs4 home2 #hs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,pipe ,b5d+ -- ,pipe ,b5d+ 7cont9u$7 -- ,pipe ,b5d+ 7cont9u$7 -- ,squ>e ,pipe ,b5d+s-- ,half-circul> ,elb[s -- ,curv$ ,b5ds on ,squ>e ,pipe -- ,boss$ ,b5ds -- ,curv$ ,pl9? ,b5ds -- ,ra9-wat] ,%oes on ,squ>e ,pipe -- ,curv$ & ,angle ,b5ds -- ,squ>e ,pipe ,fix+s -- ,jo9t-wip+ -- ,sub/itutes = ,wip$ ,jo9ts -- ,prep>+ ,wip$ ,jo9ts -- ,jo9t ,fix+s -- ,plumb+ ,irons -- ,jo9t ,fix+s -- ,use ( ,t\* 9 ,sold]+ -- ,und]h& ,jo9ts -- ,bl[n & ,copp] ,bit ,jo9ts -- ,bran* ,jo9ts -- ,bran* ,jo9ts 7cont9u$7 -- ,block ,jo9ts -- ,block ,jo9ts 7cont9u$7 -- ,block ,fix+s -- ,a/ragal ,jo9ts -- ,pipe ,fix+s -- ,l>ge ,bran* ,jo9ts -- ,l>ge ,und]h& ,jo9ts -- ,sold]s -- ,autog5\s ,sold]+ or ,lead ,burn+ -- ,index4 ,,sanit>y ,,plumb+ ,,& ,,dra9age4 ,by ,john ,w4 ,,h>t4 ,demy #hvo4 ,) #bjh ,illu/rations4 #bej pp4 #aijd1 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,sanit>y ,surveys -- ,dra9 ,te/+ -- ,dra9 ,te/+ ) ,smoke -- ,te/+ ,dra9s ) ,wat] -- ,dra9 ,plugs = ,te/+ -- ,sanit>y ,defects -- ,closets -- ,ba?s & ,lavatories -- ,h\se ,dra9s--,manholes -- ,iron ,soil ,pipes -- ,lead ,soil ,pipes -- ,v5tilat+ ,pipes -- ,wat]-closets -- ,flu%+ ,ci/]ns -- ,ba?s -- ,ba? ,fitt+s -- ,lavatories -- ,lavatory ,fitt+s -- ,s9ks -- ,wa/e ,pipes -- ,wat] ,supply -- ,ball ,valves -- ,t[n ,h\se ,sanit>y ,arrangem5ts -- ,dra9age -- ,jo9t+ ,pipes -- ,accessible ,dra9s -- ,iron ,dra9s -- ,iron ,junctions -- ,index4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,dipp+1 ,,burni%+1 ,,lacqu]+ 7p4 c#bh7 ,,& ,,bronz+ ,,brass ,,w>e4 ,by ,w4 ,norman ,,br[n4 #ce pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #bs4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bs4 #c;d4 home & abroad47 ,a ,,h&book ,,on ,,japann+ ,,& ,,enamell+ ,,= ,,cycles1 ,,b$/eads1 ,,t9w>e1 ,,etc4 ,by ,william ,norman ,,br[n4 #eb pp4 & ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #bs4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bs4 #c;d4 home & abroad47 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,hot ,,wat] ,,supply4 ,by ,john ,w4 ,,h>t1 ,r4,p4,c4 ,) #abi ,illu/rations4 #agg pp41 demy #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,wat] ,circulation -- ,! ,tank ,sy/em -- ,pipes & ,jo9ts -- ,! ,cyl9d] ,sy/em -- ,boil]s = ! ,cyl9d] ,sy/em -- ,! ,cyl9d] ,sy/em -- ,! ,comb9$ ,tank & ,cyl9d] ,sy/em -- ,comb9$ ,indep5d5t & ,kit*5 ,boil] -- ,comb9$ ,cyl9d] & ,tank ,sy/em ) ,duplicate ,boil]s -- ,indirect ,heat+ & ,boil] ,explosions -- ,pipe ,boil]s -- ,safety ,valves -- ,safety ,valves -- ,! ,am]ican ,sy/em -- ,heat+ ,wat] by ,/eam -- ,/eam ,kettles & ,jets -- ,heat+ ,p[] ( ,/eam -- ,cov]+ = ,hot ,wat] ,pipes -- ,index4 ,,h\se ,,decorat+ ,,& ,,pa9t+4 ,,?ree ,,hundr$ ,,%ades ,,= ,,decorators ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,mix ,,!m4 ,by ,a4 ,,desa9t4 ,qu>to4 ,! book w consi/ ( a wide range ( %ades & t9ts suitable = decorators c>efully numb]$ & m\nt$ = easy ref]5ce1 ) full p>ticul>s z to ! composition ( ea* %ade4 ,9 ! press4 ,,h\se ,,decorat+ ,,& ,,pa9t+4 ,by ,w4 ,norman ,,br[n4 ,eighty-eight ,illu/rations4 #aej pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #cs4 #i;d1 home & abroad47 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,decorative ,,art4 ,by ,w4 ,norman ,,br[n4 ,?irty-n9e ,illu/rations4 #if pp4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bs4 #i;d4 home & abroad47 ,,work%op ,,wr9kles = ,decorators1 ,pa9t]s1 ,pap]-hang]s & ,o!rs4 ,by ,w4 ,n4 ,,br[n4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abh pp4 ,second ,edition4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bs4 #i;d4 home2 #bs4 #aj;d4 abroad47 ,,brew+ ,,& ,,botanical4 ,,hops ,,9 ,,_! ,,botanical1 ,,agricultural ,,& ,,te*nical ,,aspect1 ,,& ,,z ,,an ,,article ,,( ,,comm]ce4 ,by ,emmanuel ,,gross1 ,pr(essor at ! ,high] ,agricultural ,college1 ,tets*5-,liebw]d4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,sev5ty-eight ,illu/rations4 #cdj pp4 ,demy #hvo4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #acs4 home2 #acs4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,hop -- ,,! ,,hop ,,plant -- ,introductory -- ,! ,roots -- ,! ,/em -- & ,leaves -- ,infloresc5ce & ,fl[]3 ,infloresc5ce & ,fl[] ( ! ,male ,hop2 ,infloresc5ce & ,fl[] ( ! ,female ,hop -- ,! ,fruit & its ,gl&ul> ,/ructure3 ,! ,fruit & ,se$ -- 7p4 c#bi7 ,propagation & ,selection ( ! ,hop -- ,v>ieties ( ! ,hop3 7a7 ,r$ ,hops2 7b7 ,gre5 ,hops2 7c7 ,pale ,gre5 ,hops -- ,classification accord+ to ! ,p]iod ( ,rip5+3 ,e>ly ,augu/ ,hops2 ,m$ium ,e>ly ,hops2 ,late ,hops -- ,injuries to ,gr[? -- ,leaves ,turn+ ,yell[1 ,summ] or ,sunbr&1 ,cones ,dropp+ ,(f1 ,honey ,dew1 ,damage f ,w9d1 ,hail & ,ra92 ,vegetable ,enemies ( ! ,hop3 ,animal ,enemies ( ! ,hop -- ,b5eficial ,insects on ,hops -- ,,cultivation -- ,! ,requirem5ts ( ! ,hop 9 ,respect ( ,climate1 ,soil & ,situation3 ,climate2 ,soil2 ,situation -- ,selection ( ,v>iety & ,cutt+s -- ,plant+ a ,hop ,g>d53 ,dra9age2 ,prep>+ ! ,gr\nd2 ,m>k+-out = ,plant+2 ,plant+2 ,cultivation & ,cropp+ ( ! ,hop ,g>d5 9 ! ,fir/ ,ye> -- ,"w to be ,p]=m$ ,annually 9 ! ,hop ,g>d53 ,work+ ! ,gr\nd2 ,cutt+2 ,! ,non-cutt+ ,sy/em2 ,! ,prop] ,p]=mance ( ! ,op]ation ( ,cutt+3 ,me?od ( ,cutt+3 ,close ,cutt+1 ,ord9>y ,cutt+1 ,! ,long ,cut1 ,! ,topp+ ,cut2 ,prop] ,season = ,cutt+3 ,autumn ,cutt+1 ,spr+ ,cutt+2 ,manur+2 ,tra9+ ! ,hop ,plant3 ,pol$ ,g>d5s1 ,frame ,tra9+2 ,pr9cipal ,types ( ,frames2 ,prun+1 ,cropp+1 ,topp+1 & ,leaf ,/ripp+ ! ,hop ,plant2 ,pick+1 ,dry+ & ,bagg+ -- ,pr9cipal & ,subsidi>y ,utilisation ( ,hops & ,hop ,g>d5s -- ,life ( a ,hop ,g>d52 ,subsequ5t ,cropp+ -- ,co/ ( ,production1 ,yield & ,sell+ ,prices4 ,pres]vation & ,/orage -- ,physical & ,*emical ,/ructure ( ! ,hop ,cone -- ,judg+ ! ,value ( ,hops4 ,/ati/ics ( ,production -- ,! ,hop ,trade -- ,index4 ,,timb] ,,& ,,wood ,,wa/e4 ,,timb]3 ,a ,compreh5sive ,/udy ( ,wood 9 all its ,aspects 7,comm]cial & ,botanical71 %[+ ! ,diff]5t ,applications & ,uses ( ,timb] 9 ,v>i\s ,trades1 etc4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,paul ,,*>p5ti]4 ,royal #hvo4 #dcg pp4 #agh ,illu/rations4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #acs4 home2 #ads4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,physical & ,*emical ,prop]ties ( ,timb] -- ,composition ( ! ,vegetable ,bodies -- ,*ief ,elem5ts -- ,m4 ,fremy's ,rese>*es -- ,elem5t>y ,organs ( ,plants & especially ( ,=e/s -- ,diff]5t ,p>ts ( ,wood ,anatomically & ,*emically ,consid]$ -- ,g5]al ,prop]ties ( ,wood -- ,description ( ! ,diff]5t ,k9ds ( ,wood -- ,pr9cipal ,ess5ces ) ,caduc\s ,leaves -- ,conif]\s ,res9\s ,trees -- ,division ( ! ,useful ,v>ieties ( ,timb] 9 ! ,diff]5t ,c\ntries ( ! ,globe -- ,european ,timb] -- ,african ,timb] -- ,asiatic ,timb] -- ,am]ican ,timb] -- ,timb] ( ,oceania -- ,=e/s -- ,g5]al ,notes z to ,=e/s2 _! ,influ5ce -- ,op9ions z to ,sylviculture -- ,improvem5t ( ,=e/s -- ,unwood+ & ,rewood+ -- ,pres]vation ( ,=e/s -- ,exploitation ( ,=e/s -- ,damage caus$ to ,=e/s -- ,diff]5t ,alt]ations -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,timb] -- ,g5]alities -- ,causes & ,progress ( ,det]ioration -- ,hi/ory ( ,diff]5t ,propos$ ,processes -- ,dessication -- ,sup]ficial ,c>bonisation ( ,timb] -- ,processes by ,imm]sion -- ,g5]alities z to ,antiseptics ,employ$ -- ,injection ,processes 9 ,clos$ ,vessels -- ,! ,b\*]ie ,sy/em1 ,bas$ ^u ! ,displacem5t ( ! ,sap -- ,processes = ,mak+ ,timb] ,un9flammable -- ,applications ( ,timb] -- ,g5]alities -- ,work+ ,timb] -- ,pav+ -- ,timb] = ,m9es -- ,railway ,trav]ses -- ,accessory ,products -- ,gums -- ,works ( ,m4 ,fremy -- ,res9s -- ,b>ks -- ,tan -- ,application ( ,cork -- ,! ,application ( ,wood to ,art & ,dye+ -- ,diff]5t ,applications ( ,wood -- ,h>d ,wood -- ,di/illation ( ,wood -- ,pyroligne\s ,acid -- ,oil ( ,wood -- ,di/illation ( ,res9s -- ,index4 ,,! ,,utilisation ,,( ,,wood ,,wa/e4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,ern/ ,,hubb>d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aib pp4 ,fifty ,illu/rations4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,g5]al ,rem>ks on ! ,utilisation ( ,sawdu/ -- ,employm5t ( ,sawdu/ z ,fuel1 ) & )\t ,simultane\s ,recov]y ( ,*>coal & ! ,products ( ,di/illation -- ,manufacture ( ,oxalic ,acid f ,sawdu/ -- ,process ) ,soda ,lye2 ,?orn's ,process2 ,bohlig's ,process -- ,manufacture ( ,_s 7,e?yl ,alcohol7 f ,wood ,wa/e -- ,pat5t ,dyes 7,organic ,sulphides1 ,sulphur ,dyes1 or ,m]capto ,dyes7 -- ,artificial ,wood & ,pla/ic ,compositions f ,sawdu/ -- ,production ( ,artificial ,wood ,compositions = ,m\ld$ ,decorations -- ,employm5t ( ,sawdu/ = ,bla/+ ,p[d]s & ,gunp[d]s -- ,employm5t ( ,sawdu/ = ,briquettes -- ,employm5t ( ,sawdu/ 9 ! ,c]amic ,indu/ry & z an ,addition to ,mort> -- ,manufacture ( ,pap] ,pulp f ,wood -- ,casks -- ,v>i\s ,applications ( ,sawdu/ & ,wood ,refuse -- ,calcium ,c>bide -- ,manure -- ,wood ,mosaic ,plaques -- ,bottle ,/opp]s -- ,p>quetry -- ,fire-light]s -- ,c>borundum -- ,! ,production ( ,wood ,wool -- ,b>k -- ,index4 ,,build+ ,,& ,,ar*itecture4 7p4 c#cj7 ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,dampness ,,9 ,,build+s2 ) ,rem>ks on ! ,causes1 ,nature & ,effects ( ,sal9e1 ,effloresc5ces & ,dry-rot1 = ,ar*itects1 ,build]s1 ,ov]se]s1 ,pla/]]s ,pa9t]s & ,h\se ,own]s4 ,by ,adolf ,wilhelm ,,keim4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ! second revis$ ,edition by ,m4 ,j4 ,,salt]1 ,f4,i4,c4 ,f4,c4,s4 ,eight ,col\r$ ,plates & ,?irte5 ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aae pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #d;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,v>i\s ,causes ( ,dampness & ,decay ( ! ,masonry ( ,build+s1 & ! ,/ructural & ,hygi5ic ,evils ( ! ,same -- ,precaution>y ,measures dur+ ,build+ aga9/ ,dampness & ,effloresc5ce -- ,me?ods ( ,rem$y+ ,dampness & ,effloresc5ces 9 ! ,walls ( ,old ,build+s -- ,! ,artificial ,dry+ ( ,new ,h\ses1 z well z ,old ,damp ,dwell+s & ! ,!ory ( ! ,h>d5+ ( ,mort> -- ,new1 ,c]ta9 & ,p]man5tly ,effici5t ,me?ods = ,dry+ ,old ,damp ,walls & ,dwell+s -- ,! ,cause & ,orig9 ( ,dry-rot3 its ,injuri\s ,effect on ,heal?1 its ,de/ructive ,action on ,build+s1 & its ,successful ,repression -- ,me?ods ( ,prev5t+ ,dry-rot to be ,adopt$ ,dur+ ,con/ruction -- ,old ,me?ods ( ,prev5t+ ,dry-rot -- ,rec5t & ,m ,effici5t ,rem$ies = ,dry-rot -- ,index4 ,,h&book ,,( ,,te*nical ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,ar*itecture ,,& ,,build+1 ,,& ,,_! ,,alli$ ,,trades ,,& ,,subjects4 ,by ,augu/9e ,c4 ,,passmore4 ,demy #hvo4 #chj pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #hs4 home2 #hs4 #f;d1 abroad47 ,,foods ,,& ,,sweetmeats4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pres]v$ ,,foods ,,& ,,sweetmeats4 ,by ,a4 ,,hausn]4 ,) ,tw5ty-eight ,illu/rations4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ! ?ird enl>g$ ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bbe pp4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #i;d4 home2 #gs4 #aj;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,! ,manufacture ( ,cons]ves -- ,introduction -- ,! ,causes ( ! ,putrefaction ( ,food -- ,! ,*emical ,composition ( ,foods -- ,! ,products ( ,decomposition -- ,! ,causes ( ,f]m5tation & ,putrefaction -- ,pres]vative ,bodies -- ,! ,v>i\s ,me?ods ( ,pres]v+ ,food -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,animal ,food -- ,pres]v+ ,meat by ,means ( ,ice -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,meat by ,*>coal -- ,pres]vation ( ,meat by ,dry+ -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,meat by ! ,exclusion ( ,air -- ,! ,app]t ,me?od -- ,pres]v+ ,fle% by ,smok+ -- ,quick ,smok+ -- ,pres]v+ ,meat ) ,salt -- ,quick ,salt+ by ,air ,pressure -- ,quick ,salt+ by ,liquid ,pressure -- ,gamgee's ,me?od ( ,pres]v+ ,meat -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,eggs -- ,pres]vation ( ,:ite & ,yolk ( ,egg -- ,milk ,pres]vation -- ,cond5s$ ,milk -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,fat -- ,manufacture ( ,s\p ,tablets -- ,meat ,biscuits -- ,extract ( ,beef -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,vegetable ,foods 9 ,g5]al -- ,compress+ ,vegetables -- ,pres]vation ( ,vegetables by ,app]t's ,me?od -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,fruit -- ,pres]vation ( ,fruit by ,/orage -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,fruit by ,dry+ -- ,dry+ ,fruit by ,artificial ,heat -- ,roa/+ ,fruit -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,fruit ) ,sug> -- ,boil$ ,pres]v$ ,fruit -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,fruit 9 ,_s1 ,acetic ,acid or ,glyc]9e -- ,pres]vation ( ,fruit )\t ,boil+ -- ,jam ,manufacture -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,fruit ,jellies -- ,! ,mak+ ( ,gelat9e ,jellies -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,sulz5 -- ,! ,pres]vation ( ,f]m5t$ ,bev]ages -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,c&ies -- ,introduction -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,c&i$ ,fruit -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,boil$ ,sug> & ,c>amel -- ,! ,c&y+ ( ,fruit -- ,c>amelis$ ,fruit -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,sug> ,/icks1 or ,b>ley ,sug> -- ,bonbon ,mak+ -- ,fruit ,drops -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,drages -- ,! ,ma*9]y & ,appliances us$ 9 ,c&y ,manufacture -- ,dye+ ,c&ies & ,bonbons -- ,ess5tial ,oils us$ 9 ,c&y ,mak+ -- ,fruit ,ess5ces -- ,! ,manufacture ( ,fill$ ,bonbons1 ,liqueur ,bonbons & ,/amp$ ,loz5ges -- ,recipes = ,jams & ,jellies -- ,recipes = ,bonbon ,mak+ -- ,drages -- ,app5dix -- ,index4 ,,dye+ ,,fancy ,,goods4 7p4 c#ca7 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,dye+ ,,& ,,/a9+ ,,m>ble1 ,,artificial ,,/one1 ,,bone1 ,,horn1 ,,ivory ,,& ,,wood1 ,,& ,,( ,,imitat+ ,,all ,,sorts ,,( ,,wood4 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ! ,use ( ,jo9]s1 ,turn]s1 ,manufactur]s ( ,fancy ,goods1 ,/ick & ,umbrella ,mak]s1 ,comb ,mak]s1 etc4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,d4 ,h4 ,,soxhlet1 ,te*nical ,*emi/4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #afh pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 home2 #es4 #d;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,mordants & ,/a9s -- ,natural ,dyes -- ,artificial ,pigm5ts -- ,coal ,t> ,dyes -- ,/a9+ ,m>ble & ,artificial ,/one -- ,dye+1 ,blea*+ & ,imitation ( ,bone1 ,horn & ,ivory -- ,imitation ( ,tortoise%ell = ,combs3 ,yell[s1 ,dye+ ,nuts -- ,ivory -- ,wood ,dye+ -- ,imitation ( ,mahogany3 ,d>k ,walnut1 ,oak1 ,bir*-,b>k1 ,eld]-,m>quetry1 ,walnut1 ,walnut-,m>quetry1 ,mahogany1 ,spani% ,mahogany1 ,palis&] & ,rose ,wood1 ,tortoise%ell1 ,oak1 ,ebony1 ,pe> ,tree -- ,black ,dye+ ,processes ) ,p5etrat+ ,col\rs -- ,v>ni%es & ,poli%es3 ,engli% ,furniture ,poli%1 ,vi5na ,furniture ,poli%1 ,amb] ,v>ni%1 ,copal ,v>ni%1 ,composition = ,pres]v+ ,furniture -- ,index4 ,,celluloid4 ,,celluloid4 ,! ,raw ,mat]ial1 ,manufacture & ,uses4 ,by ,dr4 ,fr4 ,b,,ckmann4 #di ,illus4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,li?ography1 ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,engrav+4 ,,practical ,,li?ography4 ,by ,alfr$ ,,seym\r4 ,demy #hvo4 ,) ,frontispiece & #cc ,illus4 #abj pp4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,/ones -- ,transf] ,inks -- ,transf] ,pap]s -- ,transf] ,pr9t+ -- ,li?o ,press -- ,press ,"w -- ,ma*9e ,pr9t+ -- ,col\r ,pr9t+ -- ,sub/itutes = ,li?ographic ,/ones -- ,t9 ,plate ,pr9t+ & ,decoration -- ,photo-,li?ography4 ,,pr9t]s' ,,& ,,/ation]s' ,,ready ,,reckon] ,,& ,,comp5dium4 ,compil$ by ,victor ,,graham4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aab pp4 #aijd4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #cs4 #i;d4 home2 #cs4 #aj;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,price ( ,pap] p] ,%eet1 ,quire1 ,ream & ,lb4 -- ,co/ ( #ajj to #ajjj ,%eets at v>i\s ,sizes & ,prices p] ,ream -- ,co/ ( ,c>ds -- ,quantity ,table -- ,sizes & ,weights ( ,pap]1 ,c>ds1 etc4 -- ,notes on ,acc\nt ,books -- ,disc\nt ,tables -- ,sizes ( spaces -- ,leads to alb4 -- ,diction>y -- ,measure = ,bookwork -- ,correct+ ,pro(s1 etc4 ,,engrav+ ,,= ,,illu/ration4 ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,practical ,,notes4 ,by ,j4 ,,kirkbride4 #gb pp4 ,two ,plates & #f ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #bs4 #i;d4 home2 #bs4 #aj;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,its ,inception -- ,wood ,engrav+ -- ,metal ,engrav+ -- ,engrav+ 9 ,engl& -- ,et*+ -- ,mezzot9t -- ,photo-,process ,engrav+ -- ,! ,engrav]'s ,task -- ,appreciative ,criticism -- ,index4 ,,bookb9d+4 ,,practical ,,bookb9d+4 ,by ,paul ,,adam4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ahj pp4 #abg ,illu/rations4 ,price #es4 net4 7,po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 home2 #es4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,mat]ials = ,sew+ & ,pa/+ -- ,mat]ials = ,cov]+ ! ,book -- ,mat]ials = ,decorat+ & ,f9i%+ -- ,tools -- ,g5]al ,prep>atory ,"w -- ,sew+ -- ,=w>d+1 ,cutt+1 ,r\nd+ & ,back+ 7p4 c#cb7 -- ,=w>d+1 ,decoration ( ,edges & ,headb&+ -- ,bo>d+ -- ,prep>+ ! ,cov] -- ,"w ) ! ,block+ ,press -- ,treatm5t ( ,sewn ,books1 ,fa/5+ 9 ,cov]s1 & ,f9i%+ ,(f -- ,h&tool+ & ,o!r ,decoration -- ,acc\nt ,books -- ,s*ool ,books1 ,m\nt+ ,maps1 ,draw+s1 etc4 -- ,index4 ,,sug> ,,ref9+4 ,,! ,,te*nology ,,( ,,sug>3 ,practical ,treatise on ! ,mod]n ,me?ods ( ,manufacture ( ,sug> f ! ,sug> ,cane & ,sug> ,beet4 ,by ,john ,,g$des ,mc,i,n,t,o,s,h4 ,second ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 #dcf pp4 ,sev5ty-six ,tables4 #aijf4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #aas4 home2 #aas4 #f;d4 abroad47 ,cont5ts4 ,*emi/ry ( ,sucrose1 ,lactose1 ,maltose1 ,glucose1 ,inv]t ,sug>1 etc4 -- ,pur*ase & ,analysis ( ,beets -- ,treatm5t ( ,beets -- ,diffusion -- ,filtration -- ,conc5tration -- ,evaporation -- ,sug> ,cane3 ,cultivation -- ,mill+ -- ,diffusion -- ,sug> ,ref9+ -- ,analysis ( ,raw ,sug>s -- ,*emi/ry ( ,molasses1 etc4 7,see ,evaporat+1 ,cond5s+1 etc41 ,app>atus1 p4 #bf47 ,,bibliography4 ,,classifi$ ,,guide ,,to ,,te*nical ,,& ,,comm]cial ,,books4 ,compil$ by ,edg> ,,gre5wood4 ,demy #hvo4 #bbd pp4 #aijd4 ,be+ a ,subject-li/ ( ! ,pr9cipal ,briti% & ,am]ican ,books 9 pr9t2 giv+ ,title1 ,au?or1 ,size1 ,date1 ,publi%] & ,price4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 net4 7,po/ free1 #gs4 #aj;d4 home2 #hs4 #c;d4 abroad47 ,,! ,,te*nical ,,books 9 ?is ,catalogue c be obta9$ ?r\gh all ,booksell]s1 or po/ free direct f ! ,publi%]s by remitt+ ! am\nt giv5 9 brackets4 ,full ,p>ticul>s ( ,cont5ts ( any ( ! above books w be s5t on application4 ,books ,9 ! ,press4--,! ,publi%]s w s5d ,cont5ts & prices ( books 9 ! press z soon z ready to any "o s5d+ _! address4 ,te*nical ,books ^u all ,subjects c be obta9$ ?r\gh ,,scott1 ,,gre5wood ,son1 if requirem5ts are fully /at$4 ,,scott1 ,,gre5wood ,,son1 ,te*nical ,book ,publi%]s1 #h ,broadway1 ,ludgate ,hill1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,telegraphic address1 ,pr9t]ies1 ,london4 ,april1 #aijg4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,a less obvi\s pr9t]'s error has be5 correct$ on page #af4 *lore/9e to *ole/]9e4 ,! foll[+ words c\ld n be *eck$3 ,caseogum 7page c#jd71 ,crysophis 7page c#af71 ,dufton 7page c#bb71 ,bracqu+ 7page c#bd74