supplem5tation by ,david ,mc,clamrock ,,summa ,,!ologica ,,?ird ,,"p ,,iii1 ,t]tia ,p>s ,translat$ by ,fa!rs ( ! ,engli% ,dom9ican ,prov9ce ,,b5zig] ,,bro!rs ,,new ,,york ,,d$ication ,to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y ,immaculate ,seat ( ,wisdom ,,note ,,to ,,?is ,,electronic ,,edition ,! text ( ?is electronic edition 0 orig9ally produc$ by ,s&ra ,k4 ,p]ry1 ,p]rysburg1 ,ohio1 & made available ?r\gh ! ,*ri/ian ,classics ,e!real ,libr>y http3_/_/www4ccel4org4 ,i h elim9at$ unnecess>y =matt+ 9 ! text1 correct$ "s errors 9 transcription1 & add$ ! d$ication1 tables ( cont5ts1 ,prologue1 & ! numb]s ( ! que/ions & articles1 z !y appe>$ 9 ! pr9t$ translation publi%$ by ,b5zig] ,bro!rs4 ,ea* article is n[ designat$ by "p1 "q numb]1 & article numb] 9 brackets1 l ?is3 ,,second ,,article ,i1 ,q4 #di1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,supreme ,good1 ,god1 ,is ! ,cause ( ,evil8 ,9 a few places1 :]e obvi\s errors appe>$ 9 ! ,b5zig] ,bro!rs edition1 ,i h correct$ !m by ref]5ce to a ,lat9 text ( ! ,summa4 ,^! corrections are indicat$ by ,engli% text 9 brackets4 ,= example1 9 ,"p ,i1 ,"q #de1 ,article #b1 ! fir/ s5t5ce 9 ! ,b5zig] ,bro!rs edition beg9s3 ,n only is x impossible t any?+ %\ld be creat$ by ,god4444 ,by ref]5ce to ! ,lat91 non solum non e/ impossibile a ,deo aliquid cre>i 7emphasis add$71 ?is has be5 correct$ to ,n only is x n impossible t any?+ %\ld be creat$ by ,god4444 ,?is electronic edition also diff]s f ! ,b5zig] ,bro!rs edition 9 ! foll[+ details 7z well z ! obvi\s lack ( ! orig9al page numb]s & head]s73 99 ,! repetitive expression ,we proce$ ?us to ! next ,article does n appe> directly bel[ ! title ( ea* article4 99 ,italics are repres5t$ by und]scores at ! beg9n+ & end1 l ?is4 ,quotations & o!r quotable matt]1 h[ev]1 are ord9>ily set (f by quotation m>ks ) no und]scores 9 ?is edition1 9 accordance ) common ,engli% usage1 ev5 :]e !y 7 set 9 italics ) no quotation m>ks 9 ! ,b5zig] ,bro!rs edition4 ,titles ( books are set (f by und]scores :5 !y appe> 9 ! text ) no p>5!ses1 b n :5 ! books are cit$ 9 p>5!ses4 99 ,bible *apt]s & v]ses are cit$ ) arabic num]als sep>at$ by colons1 l ?is3 ,dan4 #g3aj--n l ?is3 ,dan4 vii4 #aj4 ,small roman num]als h be5 reta9$ :]e !y appe> 9 citations to books o!r ?an ! ,bible4 99 ,any matt] t appe>$ 9 a footnote 9 ! ,b5zig] ,bro!rs edition is pres5t$ 9 brackets at ! po9t 9 ! text :]e ! footnote m>k appe>$4 99 ,greek words are pres5t$ 9 ,roman translit]ation4 99 ,p>agraphs are n ind5t$ & are sep>at$ by blank l9es4 99 ,numb]$ topics1 set =? at ! beg9n+ ( ea* "q & at c]ta9 o!r places1 are ord9>ily pres5t$ on a sep>ate l9e = ea* topic4 99 ,titles ( que/ions are 9 all caps4 ,any?+ else 9 ?is electronic edition t does n correspond to ! cont5t ( ! ,b5zig] ,bro!rs edition may be reg>d$ z a defect 9 ?is edition & attribut$ to me 7,david ,mc,clamrock74 ,,cont5ts ,,?ird ,,"p 7,,qq4 #a-ij7 ,"q #a4 ,( ! ,fitness ( ! ,inc>nation #b4 ,( ! ,mode ( ,union ( ! ,^w ,inc>nate #c4 ,( ! ,mode ( ,union on ! ,"p ( ! ,p]son ,assum+ #d4 ,( ! ,mode ( ,union on ! ,"p ( ! ,human ,nature #e4 ,( ! ,p>ts ( ,human ,nature ,:i* ,7 ,assum$ #f4 ,( ! ,ord] ( ,assumption #g4 ,( ! ,grace ( ,*ri/ z an ,individual ,man #h4 ,( ! ,grace ( ,*ri/ z ,he ,is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* #i4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,k 9 ,g5]al #aj4 ,( ! ,beatific ,k ( ,*ri/'s ,s\l #aa4 ,( ! ,k ,impr9t$ or ,infus$ on ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ #ab4 ,( ! ,acquir$ or ,empiric ,k ( ,*ri/'s ,s\l #ac4 ,( ! ,p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,s\l #ad4 ,( ! ,defects ( ,body ,assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god #ae4 ,( ! ,defects ( ,s\l ,assum$ by ,*ri/ #af4 ,( ,^? ,?+s ,:i* ,are ,applicable to ,*ri/ 9 ,8 ,be+ & ,becom+ #ag4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,unity ( ,be+ #ah4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,unity ( ,w #ai4 ,( ! ,unity ( ,*ri/'s ,op]ation #bj4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,subjection to ! ,fa!r #ba4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,pray] #bb4 ,( ! ,prie/hood ( ,*ri/ #bc4 ,( ,adoption z ,befitt+ to ,*ri/ #bd4 ,( ! ,pr$e/9ation ( ,*ri/ #be4 ,( ! ,adoration ( ,*ri/ #bf4 ,( ,*ri/ z ,call$ ! ,m$iator ( ,god & ,man -- ,editorial ,note3 ,/4 ,?omas & ! ,immaculate ,conception #bg4 ,( ! ,sanctification ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 #bh4 ,( ! ,virg9ity ( ! ,"m ( ,god #bi4 ,( ! ,esp\sals ( ! ,"m ( ,god #cj4 ,( ! ,annunciation ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 #ca4 ,( ! ,matt] ,f ,:i* ! ,savi\r's ,body ,0 ,conceiv$ #cb4 ,( ! ,active ,pr9ciple 9 ,*ri/'s ,conception #cc4 ,( ! ,mode & ,ord] ( ,*ri/'s ,conception #cd4 ,( ! ,p]fection ( ! ,*ild ,conceiv$ #ce4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,nativity #cf4 ,( ! ,manife/ation ( ! ,newly ,born ,*ri/ #cg4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,circumcision1 & ( ! ,o!r ,legal ,obs]vances ,accompli%$ 9 ,reg>d to ! ,*ild ,*ri/ #ch4 ,( ! ,baptism ( ,john #ci4 ,( ! ,baptiz+ ( ,*ri/ #dj4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,mann] ( ,life #da4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,temptation #db4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,doctr9e #dc4 ,( ! ,miracles ,work$ by ,*ri/1 9 ,g5]al #dd4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,miracles ,consid]$ ,specifically #de4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,transfiguration #df4 ,! ,passion ( ,*ri/ #dg4 ,( ! ,effici5t ,cause ( ,*ri/'s ,passion #dh4 ,( ! ,effici5cy ( ,*ri/'s ,passion #di4 ,( ! ,effects ( ,*ri/'s ,passion #ej4 ,( ! ,dea? ( ,*ri/ #ea4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,burial #eb4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,desc5t into ,hell #ec4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,resurrection #ed4 ,( ! ,quality ( ,*ri/ ,ris+ ,aga9 #ee4 ,( ! ,manife/ation ( ! ,resurrection #ef4 ,( ! ,causality ( ,*ri/'s ,resurrection #eg4 ,( ! ,asc5sion ( ,*ri/ #eh4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,sitt+ at ! ,"r ,h& ( ! ,fa!r #ei4 ,( ,*ri/'s ,judici>y ,p[] #fj4 ,:at ,is a ,sacram5t8 #fa4 ,( ! ,necessity ( ! ,sacram5ts #fb4 ,( ! ,sacram5ts' ,pr9cipal ,effect1 ,:i* ,is ,grace #fc4 ,( ! ,o!r ,effect ( ! ,sacram5ts1 ,:i* ,is a ,"* #fd4 ,( ! ,causes ( ! ,sacram5ts #fe4 ,( ! ,numb] ( ! ,sacram5ts #ff4 ,( ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism #fg4 ,( ! ,m9i/]s by ,:om ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism ,is ,conf]r$ #fh4 ,( ,^? ,:o ,receive ,baptism #fi4 ,( ! ,effects ( ,baptism #gj4 ,( ,circumcision #ga4 ,( ! ,prep>ations ,t ,accompany ,baptism #gb4 ,( ! ,sacram5t ( ,confirmation #gc4 ,( ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ #gd4 ,( ! ,matt] ( ,?is ,sacram5t #ge4 ,( ! ,*ange ( ,bread & ,w9e into ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/ #gf4 ,( ! ,way 9 ,:i* ,*ri/ ,is 9 ,?is ,sacram5t #gg4 ,( ! ,accid5ts ,:i* ,rema9 9 ,?is ,sacram5t #gh4 ,( ! ,=m ( ,?is ,sacram5t #gi4 ,( ! ,effects ( ,?is ,sacram5t #hj4 ,( ! ,use or ,receiv+ ( ,?is ,sacram5t 9 ,g5]al #ha4 ,( ! ,use ,:i* ,*ri/ ,made ( ,?is ,sacram5t at ,its ,in/itution #hb4 ,( ! ,m9i/] ( ,?is ,sacram5t #hc4 ,( ! ,rite ( ,?is ,sacram5t #hd4 ,( ! ,sacram5t ( ,p5ance #he4 ,( ,p5ance z a ,virtue #hf4 ,( ! ,effect ( ,p5ance1 ,z ,reg>ds ! ,p>don ( ,mortal ,s9 #hg4 ,( ! ,remission ( ,v5ial ,s9 #hh4 ,( ! ,return ( ,s9s ,:i* ,h ,be5 ,tak5 ,away by ,p5ance #hi4 ,( ! ,recov]y ( ,virtue by ,means ( ,p5ance #ij4 ,( ! ,p>ts ( ,p5ance1 9 ,g5]al ,,summa ,,!ologica ,,?ird ,,"p ,,iii1 ,t]tia ,p>s ,,prologue ,=asmu* z our ,savi\r ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 ord] to save ,8 p f _! s9s 7,matt4 #a3ba71 z ! angel ann\nc$1 %[$ unto u 9 ,8 own ,p]son ! way ( tru?1 :]eby we may atta9 to ! bliss ( et]nal life by ris+ aga91 x is necess>y1 9 ord] to complete ! "w ( !ology1 t aft] consid]+ ! la/ end ( human life1 & ! virtues & vices1 !re %\ld foll[ ! consid]ation ( ! ,savi\r ( all1 & ( ! b5efits be/[$ by ,him on ! human race4 ,conc]n+ ?is we mu/ consid] 7#a7 ! ,savi\r ,himself2 7#b7 ! sacram5ts by :i* we atta9 to our salvation2 7#c7 ! end ( immortal life to :i* we atta9 by ! resurrection4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/1 a d\ble consid]ation occurs3 ! fir/1 ab\t ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation itself1 :]eby ,god 0 made man = our salvation2 ! second1 ab\t su* ?+s z 7 done & suff]$ by our ,savi\r--i4e4 ,god inc>nate4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,inc>nation 7,,qq4 #a-ei7 ,,"q #a ,,( ,,! ,,fitness ,,( ,,! ,,inc>nation 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,conc]n+ ! fir/1 ?ree ?+s occur to be consid]$3 fir/1 ! fitness ( ! ,inc>nation2 secondly1 ! mode ( union ( ! ,^w ,inc>nate2 ?irdly1 :at foll[s ?is union4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ = ,god to become inc>nate8 7#b7 ,:e!r x 0 necess>y = ! re/oration ( ! human race8 7#c7 ,:e!r if !re _h be5 no s9 ,god w\ld h become inc>nate8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he became inc>nate to take away orig9al s9 r ?an actual8 7#e7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ = ,god to become inc>nate f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w8 7#f7 ,:e!r ,8 ,inc>nation ought to h be5 def]r$ to ! end ( ! _w8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #a1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ,god ,%\ld ,become ,inc>nate8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ = ,god to become inc>nate4 ,s9ce ,god f all et]nity is ! v ess5ce ( goodness1 x 0 be/ = ,him to be z ,he _h be5 f all et]nity4 ,b f all et]nity ,he _h be5 )\t fle%4 ,!re=e x 0 mo/ fitt+ = ,him n to be unit$ to fle%4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ = ,god to become inc>nate4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is n fitt+ to unite ?+s t are inf9itely ap>t1 ev5 z x w\ld n be a fitt+ union if "o 7 to pa9t a figure 9 :i* ! neck ( a horse 0 jo9$ to ! head ( a man 99,horace1 ,ars4 ,poet41 l9e #a4 ,b ,god & fle% are inf9itely ap>t2 s9ce ,god is mo/ simple1 & fle% is mo/ composite--especially human fle%4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,god %\ld be unit$ to human fle%4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a body is z di/ant f ! highe/ _s z evil is f ! highe/ good4 ,b x 0 :olly unfitt+ t ,god1 ,:o is ! highe/ good1 %\ld assume evil4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ! highe/ uncreat$ _s %\ld assume a body4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x is n becom+ t ,he ,:o surpass$ ! greate/ ?+s %\ld be conta9$ 9 ! lea/1 & ,he ^u ,:om re/s ! c>e ( great ?+s %\ld leave !m = less] ?+s4 ,b ,god--,:o takes c>e ( ! :ole _w--! :ole univ]se ( ?+s _c conta94 ,!re=e x w\ld seem unfitt+ t ,he %\ld be hid "u ! frail body ( a babe 9 swa?+ b&s1 9 comp>ison ) ,:om ! :ole univ]se is acc\nt$ z little2 & t ?is ,pr9ce %\ld quit ,8 ?rone = s long1 & transf] ! gov]nm5t ( ! :ole _w to s frail a body1 z ,volusianus writes to ,augu/9e 7,ep4 cxxxv74 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x w\ld seem mo/ fitt+ t by visible ?+s ! invisible ?+s ( ,god %\ld be made kn[n2 = to ?is end 0 ! :ole _w made1 z is cle> f ! ^w ( ! ,apo/le 7,rom4 #a3bj73 ,= ! invisible ?+s ( ,god 4 4 4 are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made4 ,b1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #a71 by ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation are made kn[n at once ! goodness1 ! wisdom1 ! ju/ice1 & ! p[] or might ( ,god--,8 goodness1 = ,he did n despise ! weakness ( ,8 own h&iwork2 ,8 ju/ice1 s9ce1 on man's defeat1 ,he caus$ ! tyrant to be ov]come by none o!r ?an man1 & yet ,he did n snat* m5 =cibly f dea?2 ,8 wisdom1 = ,he f\nd a suitable dis*>ge = a mo/ heavy debt2 ,8 p[]1 or inf9ite might1 = !re is no?+ great] ?an = ,god to become inc>nate 4 4 4 ,i answ] t1 ,to ea* ?+1 t is befitt+ :i* belongs to x by reason ( its v nature2 ?us1 to reason befits man1 s9ce ?is belongs to him because he is ( a rational nature4 ,b ! v nature ( ,god is goodness1 z is cle> f ,dionysius 7,div4 ,nom4 i74 ,h5ce1 :at belongs to ! ess5ce ( goodness befits ,god4 ,b x belongs to ! ess5ce ( goodness to communicate itself to o!rs1 z is pla9 f ,dionysius 7,div4 ,nom4 iv74 ,h5ce x belongs to ! ess5ce ( ! highe/ good to communicate itself 9 ! highe/ mann] to ! creature1 & ?is is br\ght ab\t *iefly by ,8 s jo9+ creat$ nature to ,himself t "o ,p]son is made up ( ^! ?ree--! ,^w1 a s\l & fle%1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii74 ,h5ce x is manife/ t x 0 fitt+ t ,god %\ld become inc>nate4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation 0 n complet$ ?r\gh ,god be+ *ang$ 9 any way f ! /ate 9 :i* ,he _h be5 f et]nity1 b ?r\gh ,8 hav+ unit$ ,himself to ! creature 9 a new way1 or r ?r\gh hav+ unit$ x to ,himself4 ,b x is fitt+ t a creature :i* by nature is mutable1 %\ld n always be 9 "o way4 ,& !re=e1 z ! creature began to be1 al?\gh x _h n be5 be=e1 s likewise1 n hav+ be5 previ\sly unit$ to ,god 9 ,p]son1 x 0 aft]w>ds unit$ to ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,to be unit$ to ,god 9 unity ( p]son 0 n fitt+ to human fle%1 accord+ to its natural end[m5ts1 s9ce x 0 above its dignity2 nev]!less1 x 0 fitt+ t ,god1 by reason ( ,8 inf9ite goodness1 %\ld unite x to ,himself = man's salvation4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,e mode ( be+ :]e9 any creature :atsoev] diff]s f ! ,creator has be5 e/abli%$ by ,god's wisdom1 & is orda9$ to ,god's goodness4 ,= ,god1 ,:o is uncreat$1 immutable1 & incorporeal1 produc$ mutable & corporeal creatures = ,8 own goodness4 ,& s also ! evil ( puni%m5t 0 e/abli%$ by ,god's ju/ice = ,god's glory4 ,b evil ( fault is committ$ by )draw+ f ! art ( ! ,div9e wisdom & f ! ord] ( ! ,div9e goodness4 ,& !re=e x c\ld be fitt+ to ,god to assume a nature creat$1 mutable1 corporeal1 & subject to p5alty1 b x did n become ,him to assume ! evil ( fault4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z ,augu/9e replies 7,ep4 ad ,volusian4 cxxxvii73 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e n[h]e holds t ,god 0 s jo9$ to human fle% z ei!r to des]t or lose1 or to transf] & z x 71 contract )9 ?is frail body1 ! c>e ( gov]n+ ! univ]se4 ,?is is ! ?\ght ( m5 unable to see any?+ b corporeal ?+s 4 4 4 ,god is great n 9 mass1 b 9 might4 ,h5ce ! greatness ( ,8 might feels no /raits 9 n>r[ surr\nd+s4 ,nor1 if ! pass+ ^w ( a man is he>d at once by _m1 & :olly by ea*1 is x incr$ible t ! abid+ ,^w ( ,god %\ld be ev]y:]e at once8 ,h5ce no?+ unfitt+ arises f ,god becom+ inc>nate4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #a1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,necess>y = ! ,re/oration ( ! ,human ,race ,t ! ,^w ( ,god ,%\ld ,become ,inc>nate8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n necess>y = ! rep>ation ( ! human race t ! ,^w ( ,god %\ld become inc>nate4 ,= s9ce ! ,^w ( ,god is p]fect ,god1 z has be5 said 7,i1 ,q4 #d1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b71 no p[] 0 add$ to ,him by ! assumption ( fle%4 ,!re=e1 if ! inc>nate ,^w ( ,god re/or$ human nature4 ,he c\ld also h re/or$ x )\t assum+ fle%4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 = ! re/oration ( human nature1 :i* _h fall5 ?r\gh s91 no?+ m is requir$ ?an t man %\ld satisfy = s94 ,n[ man c satisfy1 z x w\ld seem1 = s92 = ,god _c require f man m ?an man c d1 & s9ce ,he is m incl9$ to be m]ciful ?an to puni%1 z ,he lays ! act ( s9 to man's *>ge1 s ,he ought to cr$it him ) ! contr>y act4 ,!re=e x 0 n necess>y = ! re/oration ( human nature t ! ,^w ( ,god %\ld become inc>nate4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 to rev]e ,god p]ta9s especially to man's salvation2 h5ce x is writt5 7,mal4 #a3f73 ,if1 !n1 ,i be a fa!r1 :]e is my honor8 & if ,i be a ma/]1 :]e is my fe>8 ,b m5 rev]e ,god ! m by consid]+ ,him z elevat$ above all1 & f> beyond man's s5ses1 h5ce 7,ps4 #aab3d7 x is writt53 ,! ,"l is high above all nations1 & ,8 glory above ! heav5s2 & f>!r on3 ,:o is z ! ,"l our ,god8 :i* p]ta9s to rev]5ce4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem unfitt+ to man's salvation t ,god %\ld be made l unto u by assum+ fle%4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:at frees ! human race f p]dition is necess>y = ! salvation ( man4 ,b ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation is su*2 accord+ to ,john #c3af3 ,god s lov$ ! _w z to give ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 t :osoev] believe? 9 ,him may n p]i%1 b may h life ev]la/+4 ,!re=e x 0 necess>y = man's salvation t ,god %\ld become inc>nate4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ is said to be necess>y = a c]ta9 end 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 :5 ! end _c be )\t x2 z food is necess>y = ! pres]vation ( human life4 ,secondly1 :5 ! end is atta9$ bett] & m conv5i5tly1 z a horse is necess>y = a j\rney4 ,9 ! fir/ way x 0 n necess>y t ,god %\ld become inc>nate = ! re/oration ( human nature4 ,= ,god ) ,8 omnipot5t p[] c\ld h re/or$ human nature 9 _m o!r ways4 ,b 9 ! second way x 0 necess>y t ,god %\ld become inc>nate = ! re/oration ( human nature4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xii1 #aj73 ,we %all also %[ t o!r ways 7 n want+ to ,god1 to ,^: p[] all ?+s are equally subject2 b t !re 0 n a m fitt+ way ( heal+ our mis]y4 ,n[ ?is may be view$ ) respect to our fur!rance 9 good4 ,fir/1 ) reg>d to fai?1 :i* is made m c]ta9 by believ+ ,god ,himself ,:o speaks2 h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xi1 #b73 ,9 ord] t man might j\rney m tru/fully t[>d ! tru?1 ! ,tru? itself1 ! ,son ( ,god1 hav+ assum$ human nature1 e/abli%$ & f\nd$ fai?4 ,secondly1 ) reg>d to hope1 :i* is !reby greatly /r5g!n$2 h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii73 ,no?+ 0 s necess>y = rais+ our hope z to %[ u h[ deeply ,god lov$ u4 ,& :at c\ld af=d u a /rong] pro( ( ?is ?an t ! ,son ( ,god %\ld become a p>tn] ) u ( human nature8 ,?irdly1 ) reg>d to *>ity1 :i* is greatly enk9dl$ by ?is2 h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cate*4 ,rudib4 iv73 ,:at great] cause is !re ( ! ,"l's com+ ?an to %[ ,god's love = u8 ,& he aft]w>ds adds3 ,if we h be5 sl[ to love1 at lea/ let u ha/5 to love 9 return4 ,f\r?ly1 ) reg>d to well-do+1 9 :i* ,he set u an example2 h5ce ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon 7xxii de ,temp473 ,man :o might be se5 0 n to be foll[$2 b ,god 0 to be foll[$1 ,:o c\ld n be se54 ,& !re=e ,god 0 made man1 t ,he ,:o might be se5 by man1 & ,:om man might foll[1 might be %[n to man4 ,fif?ly1 ) reg>d to ! full p>ticipation ( ! ,div9ity1 :i* is ! true bliss ( man & end ( human life2 & ?is is be/[$ ^u u by ,*ri/'s humanity2 = ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon 7xiii de ,temp473 ,god 0 made man1 t man might be made ,god4 ,s also 0 ?is useful = our )drawal f evil4 ,fir/1 because man is taught by x n to pref] ! devil to himself1 nor to honor him :o is ! au?or ( s92 h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii1 #ag73 ,s9ce human nature is s unit$ to ,god z to become "o p]son1 let n ^! pr\d spirits d>e to pref] !mselves to man1 because !y h no bodies4 ,secondly1 because we are !reby taught h[ great is man's dignity1 le/ we %\ld sully x ) s92 h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]a ,relig4 xvi73 ,god has prov$ to u h[ high a place human nature holds among/ creatures1 inasmu* z ,he appe>$ to m5 z a true man4 ,& ,pope ,leo says 9 a s]mon on ! ,nativity 7xxi73 ,le>n1 ,o ,*ri/ian1 ?y wor?2 & be+ made a p>tn] ( ! ,div9e nature1 refuse to return by evil de$s to y\r =m] wor?lessness4 ,?irdly1 because1 9 ord] to d away ) man's presumption1 ! grace ( ,god is comm5d$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?\gh no m]its ( ours w5t be=e1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii1 #ag74 ,f\r?ly1 because man's pride1 :i* is ! greate/ /umbl+-block to our cl++ to ,god1 c be conv9c$ & cur$ by humility s great1 z ,augu/9e says 9 ! same place4 ,fif?ly1 9 ord] to free man f ! ?raldom ( s91 :i*1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii1 #ac71 ought to be done 9 su* a way t ! devil %\ld be ov]come by ! ju/ice ( ! man ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ?is 0 done by ,*ri/ satisfy+ = u4 ,n[ a m]e man c\ld n h satisfi$ = ! :ole human race1 & ,god 0 n b\nd to satisfy2 h5ce x behoov$ ,jesus ,*ri/ to be bo? ,god & man4 ,h5ce ,pope ,leo says 9 ! same s]mon3 ,weakness is assum$ by /r5g?1 l[l9ess by maje/y1 mortality by et]nity1 9 ord] t "o & ! same ,m$iator ( ,god & m5 might die 9 "o & rise 9 ! o!r--= ?is 0 our fitt+ rem$y4 ,unless ,he 0 ,god1 ,he w\ld n h br\ght a rem$y2 & unless ,he 0 man1 ,he w\ld n h set an example4 ,& !re are v _m o!r advantages :i* accru$1 above man's appreh5sion4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is reason has to d ) ! fir/ k9d ( necessity1 )\t :i* we _c atta9 to ! end4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,satisfaction may be said to be suffici5t 9 two ways--fir/1 p]fectly1 inasmu* z x is condign1 be+ adequate to make good ! fault committ$1 & 9 ?is way ! satisfaction ( a m]e man _c be suffici5t = s91 bo? because ! :ole ( human nature has be5 corrupt$ by s91 :]eas ! goodness ( any p]son or p]sons c\ld n be made up adequately = ! h>m done to ! :ole ( ! nature2 & also because a s9 committ$ aga9/ ,god has a k9d ( inf9ity f ! inf9ity ( ! ,div9e maje/y1 because ! great] ! p]son we (f5d1 ! m griev\s ! (f5se4 ,h5ce = condign satisfaction x 0 necess>y t ! act ( ! "o satisfy+ %\ld h an inf9ite effici5cy1 z be+ ( ,god & man4 ,secondly1 man's satisfaction may be t]m$ suffici5t1 imp]fectly--i4e4 9 ! acceptation ( him :o is cont5t ) x1 ev5 ?\gh x is n condign1 & 9 ?is way ! satisfaction ( a m]e man is suffici5t4 ,& =asmu* z e imp]fect presupposes "s p]fect ?+1 by :i* x is su/a9$1 h5ce x is t satisfaction ( e m]e man has its effici5cy f ! satisfaction ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,by tak+ fle%1 ,god did n less5 ,8 maje/y2 & 9 consequ5ce did n less5 ! reason = rev]5c+ ,him1 :i* is increas$ by ! increase ( k ( ,him4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 inasmu* z ,he wi%$ to draw nigh to u by tak+ fle%1 ,he greatly drew u to "k ,him4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #a1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r1 ,if ,man ,_h ,n ,s9n$1 ,god ,w\ld ,h ,become ,inc>nate8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t if man _h n s9n$1 ,god w\ld /ill h become inc>nate4 ,= ! cause rema9+1 ! effect also rema9s4 ,b z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii1 #ag73 ,_m o!r ?+s are to be consid]$ 9 ! ,inc>nation ( ,*ri/ besides absolution f s92 & ^! 7 discuss$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,!re=e if man _h n s9n$1 ,god w\ld h become inc>nate4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x belongs to ! omnipot5ce ( ! ,div9e p[] to p]fect ,8 works1 & to manife/ ,himself by "s inf9ite effect4 ,b no m]e creature c be call$ an inf9ite effect1 s9ce x is f9ite ( its v ess5ce4 ,n[1 seem+ly1 9 ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation alone is an inf9ite effect ( ! ,div9e p[] manife/$ 9 a special mann] by :i* p[] ?+s inf9itely di/ant are unit$1 inasmu* z x has be5 br\ght ab\t t man is ,god4 ,& 9 ?is "w especially ! univ]se w\ld seem to be p]fect$1 inasmu* z ! la/ creature--viz4 man--is unit$ to ! fir/ pr9ciple--viz4 ,god4 ,!re=e1 ev5 if man _h n s9n$1 ,god w\ld h become inc>nate4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 human nature has n be5 made m capable ( grace by s94 ,b aft] s9 x is capable ( ! grace ( union1 :i* is ! greate/ grace4 ,!re=e1 if man _h n s9n$1 human nature w\ld h be5 capable ( ?is grace2 nor w\ld ,god h )held f human nature any good x 0 capable (4 ,!re=e1 if man _h n s9n$1 ,god w\ld h become inc>nate4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,god's pr$e/9ation is et]nal4 ,b x is said ( ,*ri/ 7,rom4 #a3d73 ,:o 0 pr$e/9$ ! ,son ( ,god 9 p[]4 ,!re=e1 ev5 be=e s91 x 0 necess>y t ! ,son ( ,god %\ld become inc>nate1 9 ord] to fulfil ,god's pr$e/9ation4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation 0 reveal$ to ! fir/ man1 z is pla9 f ,g54 #b3bc4 ,?is n[ is bone ( my bones1 etc4 :i* ! ,apo/le says is a great sacram5t 4 4 4 9 ,*ri/ & 9 ! ,*ur*1 z is pla9 f ,eph4 #e3cb4 ,b man c\ld n be =e-consci\s ( 8 fall1 = ! same reason t ! angels c\ld n1 z ,augu/9e proves 7,g54 ad lit4 xi1 #ah74 ,!re=e1 ev5 if man _h n s9n$1 ,god w\ld h become inc>nate4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]b4 ,apo/4 viii1 #b71 exp\nd+ :at is set d[n 9 ,luke #ai3aj1 ,= ! ,son ( ,man is come to seek & to save t :i* 0 lo/2 ,!re=e1 if man _h n s9n$1 ! ,son ( ,man w\ld n h come4 ,& on #a ,tim4 #a3ae1 ,*ri/ ,jesus came into ?is _w to save s9n]s1 a gloss says1 ,!re 0 no cause ( ,*ri/'s com+ into ! _w1 except to save s9n]s4 ,take away diseases1 take away w\nds1 & !re is no ne$ ( m$ic9e4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re are diff]5t op9ions ab\t ?is "q4 ,= "s say t ev5 if man _h n s9n$1 ! ,son ( ,man w\ld h become inc>nate4 ,o!rs ass]t ! contr>y1 & seem+ly our ass5t ought r to be giv5 to ?is op9ion4 ,= su* ?+s z spr+ f ,god's w1 & beyond ! creature's due1 c be made kn[n to u only ?r\gh be+ reveal$ 9 ! ,sacr$ ,scripture1 9 :i* ! ,div9e ,w is made kn[n to u4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ev]y:]e 9 ! ,sacr$ ,scripture ! s9 ( ! fir/ man is assign$ z ! reason ( ! ,inc>nation1 x is m 9 accordance ) ?is to say t ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation 0 orda9$ by ,god z a rem$y = s92 s t1 _h s9 n exi/$1 ! ,inc>nation w\ld n h be54 ,& yet ! p[] ( ,god is n limit$ to ?is2 ev5 _h s9 n exi/$1 ,god c\ld h become inc>nate4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,all ! o!r causes :i* are assign$ 9 ! prec$+ article h to d ) a rem$y = s94 ,= if man _h n s9n$1 he w\ld h be5 end[$ ) ! light ( ,div9e wisdom1 & w\ld h be5 p]fect$ by ,god ) ! righte\sness ( ju/ice 9 ord] to "k & c>ry out ev]y?+ ne$ful4 ,b because man1 on des]t+ ,god1 _h /oop$ to corporeal ?+s1 x 0 necess>y t ,god %\ld take fle%1 & by corporeal ?+s %\ld af=d him ! rem$y ( salvation4 ,h5ce1 on ,john #a3ad1 ,& ! ,^w 0 made fle%1 ,/4 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 ii73 ,fle% _h bl9d$ !e1 fle% heals !e2 = ,*ri/ came & ov]?rew ! vices ( ! fle%4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! inf9ity ( ,div9e p[] is %[n 9 ! mode ( production ( ?+s f no?+4 ,aga91 x suffices = ! p]fection ( ! univ]se t ! creature be orda9$ 9 a natural mann] to ,god z to an end4 ,b t a creature %\ld be unit$ to ,god 9 p]son exce$s ! limits ( ! p]fection ( nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a d\ble capability may be rem>k$ 9 human nature3 "o1 9 respect ( ! ord] ( natural p[]1 & ?is is always fulfill$ by ,god1 ,:o apportions to ea* accord+ to its natural capability2 ! o!r 9 respect to ! ord] ( ! ,div9e p[]1 :i* all creatures implicitly obey2 & ! capability we speak ( p]ta9s to ?is4 ,b ,god does n fulfil all su* capabilities1 o!rwise ,god c\ld d only :at ,he has done 9 creatures1 & ?is is false1 z /at$ above 7,i1 ,q4 #aje1 ,a4 #f74 ,b !re is no reason :y human nature %\ld n h be5 rais$ to some?+ great] aft] s94 ,= ,god all[s evils to happ5 9 ord] to br+ a great] good !refrom2 h5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #e3bj73 ,:]e s9 ab\nd$1 grace did m ab\nd4 ,h5ce1 too1 9 ! bless+ ( ! ,pas*al c&le1 we say3 ,o happy fault1 t m]it$ su* & s great a ,r$eem]6 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,pr$e/9ation presupposes ! =ekn[l$ge ( future ?+s2 & h5ce1 z ,god pr$e/9es ! salvation ( anyone to be br\ght ab\t by ! pray]s ( o!rs1 s also ,he pr$e/9$ ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation to be ! rem$y ( human s94 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,no?+ prev5ts an effect f be+ reveal$ to "o to :om ! cause is n reveal$4 ,h5ce1 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation c\ld be reveal$ to ! fir/ man )\t 8 be+ =e-consci\s ( 8 fall4 ,= n ev]yone :o kn[s ! effect kn[s ! cause4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #a1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,god ,became ,inc>nate 9 ,ord] to ,take ,away ,actual ,s91 ,r ,?an to ,take ,away ,orig9al ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,god became inc>nate z a rem$y = actual s9s r ?an = orig9al s94 ,= ! m griev\s ! s91 ! m x runs c\nt] to man's salvation1 = :i* ,god became inc>nate4 ,b actual s9 is m griev\s ?an orig9al s92 = ! lighte/ puni%m5t is due to orig9al s91 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,julian4 v1 #aa74 ,!re=e ! ,inc>nation ( ,*ri/ is *iefly direct$ to tak+ away actual s9s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 pa9 ( s5se is n due to orig9al s91 b m]ely pa9 ( loss1 z has be5 %[n 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #hg1 ,a4 #e74 ,b ,*ri/ came to suff] ! pa9 ( s5se on ! ,cross 9 satisfaction = s9s--& n ! pa9 ( loss1 = ,he _h no defect ( ei!r ! beatific vision or fruition4 ,!re=e ,he came 9 ord] to take away actual s9 r ?an orig9al s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,de ,compunctione ,cordis ii1 #c73 ,?is mu/ be ! m9d ( ! fai?ful s]vant1 to acc\nt ! b5efits ( 8 ,"l1 :i* h be5 be/[$ on all alike1 z ?\gh !y 7 be/[$ on himself alone4 ,= z if speak+ ( himself alone1 ,paul writes to ! ,galatians #b3bj3 ',*ri/ 4 4 4 lov$ me & deliv]$ ,himself = me4' ,b our individual s9s are actual s9s2 = orig9al s9 is ! common s94 ,!re=e we ought to h ?is conviction1 s z to believe t ,he has come *iefly = actual s9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #a3bi73 ,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god1 behold ,him ,:o take? away ! s9s ,vulg43 's9' ( ! _w4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is c]ta9 t ,*ri/ came into ?is _w n only to take away t s9 :i* is h&$ on orig9ally to po/]ity1 b also 9 ord] to take away all s9s subsequ5tly add$ to x2 n t all are tak5 away 7& ?is is f m5's fault1 inasmu* z !y d n adh]e to ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,john #c3ai3 ,! light is come into ! _w1 & m5 lov$ d>kness r ?an ! light71 b because ,he (f]$ :at 0 suffici5t = blott+ out all s9s4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #e3ae-af73 ,b n z ! (f5se1 s also ! gift 4 4 4 ,= judgm5t inde$ 0 by "o unto condemnation1 b grace is ( _m (f5ses unto ju/ification4 ,moreov]1 ! m griev\s ! s91 ! m p>ticul>ly did ,*ri/ come to blot x out4 ,b great] is said 9 two ways3 9 "o way int5sively1 z a m int5se :it5ess is said to be great]1 & 9 ?is way actual s9 is great] ?an orig9al s92 = x has m ( ! nature ( volunt>y1 z has be5 %[n 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,a4 #a74 ,9 ano!r way a ?+ is said to be great] ext5sively1 z :it5ess on a great] sup]ficies is said to be great]2 & 9 ?is way orig9al s91 :]eby ! :ole human race is infect$1 is great] ?an any actual s91 :i* is prop] to "o p]son4 ,& 9 ?is respect ,*ri/ came pr9cipally to take away orig9al s91 inasmu* z ! good ( ! race is a m ,div9e ?+ ?an ! good ( an individual1 z is said ,e?ic4 i1 #b4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is reason looks to ! int5sive greatness ( s94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ! future aw>d ! pa9 ( s5se w n be met$ out to orig9al s94 ,yet ! p5alties1 su* z hung]1 ?ir/1 dea?1 & ! l1 :i* we suff] s5sibly 9 ?is life fl[ f orig9al s94 ,& h5ce ,*ri/1 9 ord] to satisfy fully = orig9al s91 wi%$ to suff] s5sible pa91 t ,he might consume dea? & ! l 9 ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ryso/om says 7,de ,compunctione ,cordis ii1 #f73 ,! ,apo/le us$ ^! words1 n z if wi%+ to dim9i% ,*ri/'s gifts1 ample z !y are1 & spread+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 b t he might acc\nt himself alone ! occasion ( !m4 ,= :at does x matt] t !y are giv5 to o!rs1 if :at are giv5 to y are z complete & p]fect z if none ( !m 7 giv5 to ano!r ?an y\rself8 ,& h5ce1 al?\gh a man ought to acc\nt ,*ri/'s gifts z giv5 to himself1 yet he ought n to consid] !m n to be giv5 to o!rs4 ,& ?us we d n exclude t ,he came to wipe away ! s9 ( ! :ole nature r ?an ! s9 ( "o p]son4 ,b ! s9 ( ! nature is z p]fectly heal$ 9 ea* "o z if x 7 heal$ 9 him alone4 ,h5ce1 on acc\nt ( ! union ( *>ity1 :at is v\*saf$ to all ought to be acc\nt$ 8 own by ea* "o4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #a1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ,god ,%\ld ,become ,inc>nate 9 ! ,beg9n+ ( ! ,human ,race8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 fitt+ t ,god %\ld become inc>nate 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! human race4 ,= ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation sprang f ! imm5sity ( ,div9e *>ity1 accord+ to ,eph4 #b3d1 #e3 ,b ,god 7,:o is ri* 9 m]cy71 = ,8 exce$+ *>ity :]e) ,he lov$ u 4 4 4 ev5 :5 we 7 dead 9 s9s1 ha? quick5$ u toge!r 9 ,*ri/4 ,b *>ity does n t>ry 9 br++ assi/ance to a fri5d :o is suff]+ ne$1 accord+ to ,prov4 #c3bh3 ,say n to ?y fri5d3 ,g1 & come aga91 & tomorr[ ,i w give to !e1 :5 ?\ can/ give at pres5t4 ,!re=e ,god ought n to h put (f ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation1 b ought !reby to h br\ght relief to ! human race f ! beg9n+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#a ,tim4 #a3ae73 ,*ri/ ,jesus came into ?is _w to save s9n]s4 ,b m w\ld h be5 sav$ _h ,god become inc>nate at ! beg9n+ ( ! human race2 = 9 ! v>i\s c5turies v _m1 ?r\gh n kn[+ ,god1 p]i%$ 9 _! s94 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,god %\ld become inc>nate at ! beg9n+ ( ! human race4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! "w ( grace is n less ord]ly ?an ! "w ( nature4 ,b nature takes its rise ) ! m p]fect1 z ,boe?ius says 7,de ,consol4 iii74 ,!re=e ! "w ( ,*ri/ ought to h be5 p]fect f ! beg9n+4 ,b 9 ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation we see ! p]fection ( grace1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,! ,^w 0 made fle%2 & aft]w>ds x is add$3 ,full ( grace & tru?4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ ought to h become inc>nate at ! beg9n+ ( ! human race4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,gal4 #d3d73 ,b :5 ! fulness ( ! "t 0 come1 ,god s5t ,8 ,son1 made ( a woman1 made "u ! law3 ^u :i* a gloss says t ! fulness ( ! "t is :5 x 0 decre$ by ,god ! ,fa!r to s5d ,8 ,son4 ,b ,god decre$ ev]y?+ by ,8 wisdom4 ,!re=e ,god became inc>nate at ! mo/ fitt+ "t2 & x 0 n fitt+ t ,god %\ld become inc>nate at ! beg9n+ ( ! human race4 ,i answ] t1 ,s9ce ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation is pr9cipally orda9$ to ! re/oration ( ! human race by blott+ out s91 x is manife/ t x 0 n fitt+ = ,god to become inc>nate at ! beg9n+ ( ! human race be=e s94 ,= m$ic9e is giv5 only to ! sick4 ,h5ce our ,"l ,himself says 7,matt4 #i3ab1 #ac73 ,!y t are 9 heal? ne$ n a physician1 b !y t are ill 4 4 4 ,= ,i am n come to call ! j1 b s9n]s4 ,nor 0 x fitt+ t ,god %\ld become inc>nate imm$iately aft] s94 ,fir/1 on acc\nt ( ! mann] ( man's s91 :i* _h come ( pride2 h5ce man 0 to be lib]at$ 9 su* a mann] t he might be humbl$1 & see h[ he /ood 9 ne$ ( a deliv]]4 ,h5ce on ! words 9 ,gal4 #c3ai1 ,be+ orda9$ by angels 9 ! h& ( a m$iator1 a gloss says3 ,) great wisdom 0 x s ord]$ t ! ,son ( ,man %\ld n be s5t imm$iately aft] man's fall4 ,= fir/ ( all ,god left man "u ! natural law1 ) ! fre$om ( 8 w1 9 ord] t he might "k 8 natural /r5g?2 & :5 he fail$ 9 x1 he receiv$ ! law2 :]eupon1 by ! fault1 n ( ! law1 b ( 8 nature1 ! disease ga9$ /r5g?2 s t hav+ recogniz$ 8 infirmity he might cry out = a physician1 & besee* ! aid ( grace4 ,secondly1 on acc\nt ( ! ord] ( fur!rance 9 good1 :]eby we proce$ f imp]fection to p]fection4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3df1 #dg73 ,yet t 0 n fir/ :i* is spiritual1 b t :i* is natural2 aft]w>ds t :i* is spiritual 4 4 4 ,! fir/ man 0 ( ! e>?1 e>?y2 ! second man f heav51 heav5ly4 ,?irdly1 on acc\nt ( ! dignity ( ! inc>nate ,^w1 = on ! words 7,gal4 #d3d71 ,b :5 ! fulness ( ! "t 0 come1 a gloss says3 ,! great] ! judge :o 0 com+1 ! m num]\s 0 ! b& ( h]alds :o ought to h prec$$ him4 ,f\r?ly1 le/ ! f]vor ( fai? %\ld cool by ! l5g? ( "t1 = ! *>ity ( _m w gr[ cold at ! end ( ! _w4 ,h5ce 7,luke #ah3h7 x is writt53 ,b yet ! ,son ( ,man1 :5 ,he come?1 %all ,he f9d ?9k y1 fai? on e>?8 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*>ity does n put (f br++ assi/ance to a fri5d3 always be>+ 9 m9d ! circum/ances z well z ! /ate ( ! p]sons4 ,= if ! physician 7 to give ! m$ic9e at ! v outset ( ! ailm5t1 x w\ld d less good1 & w\ld hurt r ?an b5efit4 ,& h5ce ! ,"l did n be/[ ^u ! human race ! rem$y ( ! ,inc>nation 9 ! beg9n+1 le/ !y %\ld despise x ?r\gh pride1 if !y did n already recognize _! disease4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,augu/9e replies to ?is 7,de ,sex ,que/4 ,pagan41 ,ep4 cii71 say+ 7,q4 #b7 t ,*ri/ wi%$ to appe> to man & to h ,8 doctr9e prea*$ to !m :5 & :]e ,he knew ^? 7 :o w\ld believe 9 ,him4 ,b 9 su* times & places z ,8 ,gospel 0 n prea*$ ,he =esaw t n all1 inde$1 b _m w\ld s be> !mselves t[>ds ,8 prea*+ z n to believe 9 ,8 corporeal pres5ce1 ev5 7 ,he to raise ! dead4 ,b ! same ,augu/9e1 tak+ exception to ?is reply 9 8 book 7,de ,p]sev]antia ix71 says3 ,h[ c we say ! inhabitants ( ,tyre & ,sidon w\ld n believe :5 su* great wond]s 7 wr\ght 9 _! mid/1 or w\ld n h believ$ _h !y be5 wr\ght1 :5 ,god ,himself be>s witness t !y w\ld h done p5ance ) great humility if ^! signs ( ,div9e p[] _h be5 wr\ght 9 _! mid/8 ,& he adds 9 answ] 7,de ,p]sev]antia xi73 ,h5ce1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #i3af71 'x is n ( him t wille? nor ( him t runne?1 b ( ,god t %[e? m]cy'2 ,:o 7succors :om ,he w (7 ^? :o1 z ,he =esaw1 w\ld believe 9 ,8 miracles if wr\ght among/ !m1 7:ile o!rs7 ,he succors n1 hav+ judg$ !m 9 ,8 pr$e/9ation secretly yet ju/ly4 ,!re=e let u un%r9k+ly believe ,8 m]cy to be ) ^? :o are set free1 & ,8 tru? ) ^? :o are condemn$4 99,! words 9 brackets are n 9 ! text ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,p]fection is prior to imp]fection1 bo? 9 "t & nature1 9 ?+s t are diff]5t 7= :at br+s o!rs to p]fection mu/ itself be p]fect72 b 9 "o & ! same1 imp]fection is prior 9 "t ?\gh po/]ior 9 nature4 ,& ?us ! et]nal p]fection ( ,god prec$es 9 duration ! imp]fection ( human nature2 b ! latt]'s ultimate p]fection 9 union ) ,god foll[s4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #a1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,inc>nation ,ought to ,h ,be5 ,put ,(f ,till ! ,end ( ! ,_w8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation ought to h be5 put (f till ! end ( ! _w4 ,= x is writt5 7,ps4 #ia3aa73 ,my old age 9 pl5tiful m]cy--i4e4 9 ! la/ days1 z a gloss says4 ,b ! "t ( ! ,inc>nation is especially ! "t ( m]cy1 accord+ to ,ps4 #aja3ad3 ,= x is "t to h m]cy on x4 ,!re=e ! ,inc>nation ought to h be5 put (f till ! end ( ! _w4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z has be5 said 7,a4 #e1 ad #c71 9 ! same subject1 p]fection is subsequ5t 9 "t to imp]fection4 ,!re=e1 :at is mo/ p]fect ought to be ! v la/ 9 "t4 ,b ! highe/ p]fection ( human nature is 9 ! union ) ! ,^w1 because 9 ,*ri/ x ha? pleas$ ! ,fa!r t all ! fulness ( ! ,godhead %\ld dwell1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,col4 #a3ai1 & #b3i74 ,!re=e ! ,inc>nation ought to h be5 put (f till ! end ( ! _w4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at c be done by "o ought n to be done by two4 ,b ! "o com+ ( ,*ri/ at ! end ( ! _w 0 suffici5t = ! salvation ( human nature4 ,!re=e x 0 n necess>y = ,him to come be=eh& 9 ,8 ,inc>nation2 & h5ce ! ,inc>nation ought to h be5 put (f till ! end ( ! _w4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,hab4 #c3b73 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! ye>s ,?\ %alt make x kn[n4 ,!re=e ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation :i* 0 made kn[n to ! _w ought n to h be5 put (f till ! end ( ! _w4 ,i answ] t1 ,z x 0 n fitt+ t ,god %\ld become inc>nate at ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 s also x 0 n fitt+ t ! ,inc>nation %\ld be put (f till ! end ( ! _w4 ,& ?is is %[n fir/ f ! union ( ! ,div9e & human nature4 ,=1 z x has be5 said 7,a4 #e1 ad #c71 p]fection prec$es imp]fection 9 "t 9 "o way1 & contr>iwise 9 ano!r way imp]fection prec$es p]fection4 ,= 9 t :i* is made p]fect f be+ imp]fect1 imp]fection prec$es p]fection 9 "t1 :]eas 9 t :i* is ! effici5t cause ( p]fection1 p]fection prec$es imp]fection 9 "t4 ,n[ 9 ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation bo? concur2 = by ! ,inc>nation human nature is rais$ to its highe/ p]fection2 & 9 ?is way x 0 n becom+ t ! ,inc>nation %\ld take place at ! beg9n+ ( ! human race4 ,& ! ,^w inc>nate is ! effici5t cause ( ! p]fection ( human nature1 accord+ to ,john #a3af3 ,( ,8 fulness we h all receiv$2 & h5ce ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation ought n to h be5 put (f till ! end ( ! _w4 ,b ! p]fection ( glory to :i* human nature is to be f9ally rais$ by ! ,^w ,inc>nate w be at ! end ( ! _w4 ,secondly1 f ! effect ( man's salvation2 =1 z is said ,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/41 qu4 #hc1 x is 9 ! p[] ( ! ,giv] to h pity :51 or z mu* z1 ,he wills4 ,h5ce ,he came :5 ,he knew x 0 fitt+ to succor1 & :5 ,8 boons w\ld be welcome4 ,= :5 by ! feebl5ess ( ! human race m5's k ( ,god began to gr[ dim & _! morals lax1 ,he 0 pleas$ to *oose ,abraham z a /&>d ( ! re/or$ k ( ,god & ( holy liv+2 & lat] on :5 rev]5ce grew weak]1 ,he gave ! law to ,moses 9 writ+2 & because ! g5tiles despis$ x & w\ld n take x ^u !mselves1 & !y :o receiv$ x w\ld n keep x1 be+ t\*$ ) pity1 ,god s5t ,8 ,son1 to grant to all remission ( _! s9 & to (f] !m1 ju/ifi$1 to ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,b if ?is rem$y _h be5 put (f till ! end ( ! _w1 all k & rev]5ce ( ,god & all uprightness ( morals w\ld h be5 swept away f ! e>?4 ,?irdly1 ?is appe>s fitt+ to ! manife/ation ( ! ,div9e p[]1 :i* has sav$ m5 9 sev]al ways--n only by fai? 9 "s future ?+1 b also by fai? 9 some?+ pres5t & pa/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is gloss has 9 view ! m]cy ( ,god1 :i* leads u to glory4 ,nev]!less1 if x is ref]r$ to ! m]cy %[n ! human race by ! ,inc>nation ( ,*ri/1 we mu/ reflect t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,retract4 i71 ! "t ( ! ,inc>nation may be comp>$ to ! y\? ( ! human race1 on acc\nt ( ! /r5g? & f]vor ( fai?1 :i* works by *>ity2 & to old age--i4e4 ! six? age--on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( c5turies1 = ,*ri/ came 9 ! six? age4 ,& al?\gh y\? & old age _c be toge!r 9 a body1 yet !y c be toge!r 9 a s\l1 ! =m] on acc\nt ( quickness1 ! latt] on acc\nt ( gravity4 ,& h5ce ,augu/9e says else:]e 7,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #dd7 t x 0 n becom+ t ! ,ma/] by ,^: imitation ! human race 0 to be =m$ to ! highe/ virtue %\ld come f heav51 save 9 ! "t ( y\?4 ,b 9 ano!r "w 7,de ,g54 cont4 ,mani*4 i1 #bc7 he says3 t ,*ri/ came 9 ! six? age--i4e4 9 ! old age--( ! human race4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! "w ( ! ,inc>nation is to be view$ n z m]ely ! t]m9us ( a movem5t f imp]fection to p]fection1 b also z a pr9ciple ( p]fection to human nature1 z has be5 said4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ryso/om says on ,john #c3aa1 ,= ,god s5t n ,8 ,son into ! _w to judge ! _w 7,hom4 xxviii73 ,!re are two com+s ( ,*ri/3 ! fir/1 = ! remission ( s9s2 ! second1 to judge ! _w4 ,= if ,he _h n done s1 all w\ld h p]i%$ toge!r1 s9ce all h s9n$ & ne$ ! glory ( ,god4 ,h5ce x is pla9 t ,he ought n to h put (f ! com+ 9 m]cy till ! end ( ! _w4 ,,"q #b ,,( ,,! ,,mode ,,( ,,union ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,inc>nate 7,9 ,twelve ,articles7 ,n[ we mu/ consid] ! mode ( union ( ! ,inc>nate ,^w2 &1 fir/1 ! union itself2 secondly1 ! ,p]son assum+2 ?irdly1 ! nature assum$4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are twelve po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! union ( ! ,^w ,inc>nate took place 9 ! nature8 7#b7 ,:e!r x took place 9 ! ,p]son8 7#c7 ,:e!r x took place 9 ! suppositum or hypo/asis8 7#d7 ,:e!r ! ,p]son or hypo/asis ( ,*ri/ is composite aft] ! ,inc>nation8 7#e7 ,:e!r any union ( body & s\l took place 9 ,*ri/8 7#f7 ,:e!r ! human nature 0 unit$ to ! ,^w accid5tally8 7#g7 ,:e!r ! union itself is some?+ creat$8 7#h7 ,:e!r x is ! same z assumption8 7#i7 ,:e!r ! union ( ! two natures is ! greate/ union8 7#aj7 ,:e!r ! union ( ! two natures 9 ,*ri/ 0 br\ght ab\t by grace8 7#aa7 ,:e!r any m]its prec$$ x8 7#ab7 ,:e!r ! grace ( union 0 natural to ! man ,*ri/8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,union ( ! ,inc>nate ,^w ,took ,place 9 ! ,nature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,union ( ! ,^w ,inc>nate took place 9 ! nature4 ,= ,cyril says 7he is quot$ 9 ! acts ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 "p ii1 act4 #a73 ,we mu/ und]/& n two natures1 b "o inc>nate nature ( ! ,^w ( ,god2 & ?is c\ld n be unless ! union took place 9 ! nature4 ,!re=e ! union ( ! ,^w ,inc>nate took place 9 ! nature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,a?anasius says t1 z ! rational s\l & ! fle% toge!r =m ! human nature1 s ,god & man toge!r =m a c]ta9 "o nature2 !re=e ! union took place 9 ! nature4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ( two natures "o is n d5om9at$ by ! o!r unless !y are to "s ext5t mutually transmut$4 ,b ! ,div9e & human natures 9 ,*ri/ are d5om9at$ "o by ! o!r2 = ,cyril says 7quot$ 9 ! acts ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 "p ii1 act4 #a7 t ! ,div9e nature is inc>nate2 & ,gregory ,nazianz5 says 7,ep4 i ad ,cl$on47 t ! human nature is deifi$1 z appe>s f ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f1 #aa74 ,!re=e f two natures "o seems to h result$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said 9 ! decl>ation ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on3 ,we confess t 9 ^! latt] times ! only-begott5 ,son ( ,god appe>$ 9 two natures1 )\t confusion1 )\t *ange1 )\t division1 )\t sep>ation--! di/9ction ( natures n hav+ be5 tak5 away by ! union4 ,!re=e ! union did n take place 9 ! nature4 ,i answ] t1 ,to make ?is "q cle> we mu/ consid] :at is nature4 ,n[ x is to be obs]v$ t ! ^w nature comes f nativity4 ,h5ce ?is ^w 0 us$ fir/ ( all to signify ! begett+ ( liv+ be+s1 :i* is call$ bir? or spr\t+ =?1 ! ^w natura mean+1 z x 71 nascitura4 ,aft]w>ds ?is ^w nature 0 tak5 to signify ! pr9ciple ( ?is begett+2 & because 9 liv+ ?+s ! pr9ciple ( g5]ation is an intr9sic pr9ciple1 ?is ^w nature 0 fur!r employ$ to signify any intr9sic pr9ciple ( motion3 ?us ! ,philosoph] says 7,phys4 ii7 t nature is ! pr9ciple ( motion 9 t 9 :i* x is ess5tially & n accid5tally4 ,n[ ?is pr9ciple is ei!r =m or matt]4 ,h5ce sometimes =m is call$ nature1 & sometimes matt]4 ,& because ! end ( natural g5]ation1 9 t :i* is g5]at$1 is ! ess5ce ( ! species1 :i* ! def9ition signifies1 ?is ess5ce ( ! species is call$ ! nature4 ,& ?us ,boe?ius def9es nature 7,de ,duab4 ,nat473 ,nature is :at in=ms a ?+ ) its specific diff]5ce1 --i4e4 :i* p]fects ! specific def9ition4 ,b we are n[ speak+ ( nature z x signifies ! ess5ce1 or ! :at-x-is1 or ! quiddity ( ! species4 ,n[1 if we take nature 9 ?is way1 x is impossible t ! union ( ! ,inc>nate ,^w took place 9 ! nature4 ,= "o ?+ is made ( two or m 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 f two complete ?+s :i* rema9 9 _! p]fection4 ,?is c only happ5 to ^? ^: =m is composition1 ord]1 or figure1 z a heap is made up ( _m /ones br\ght toge!r )\t any ord]1 b solely ) juxtaposition2 & a h\se is made ( /ones & beams arrang$ 9 ord]1 & fa%ion$ to a figure4 ,& 9 ?is way "s said ! union 0 by mann] ( confusion 7:i* is )\t ord]7 or by mann] ( comm5suration 7:i* is ) ord]74 ,b ?is _c be4 ,fir/1 because nei!r composition nor ord] nor figure is a sub/antial =m1 b accid5tal2 & h5ce x w\ld foll[ t ! union ( ! ,inc>nation 0 n ess5tial1 b accid5tal1 :i* w be disprov$ lat] on 7,a4 #f74 ,secondly1 because !reby we %\ld n h an absolute unity1 b relative only1 = !re rema9 sev]al ?+s actually4 ,?irdly1 because ! =m ( su* is n a nature1 b an art1 z ! =m ( a h\se2 & ?us "o nature w\ld n be con/itut$ 9 ,*ri/1 z !y wi%4 ,secondly1 "o ?+ is made up ( sev]al ?+s1 p]fect b *ang$1 z a mixture is made up ( its elem5ts2 & 9 ?is way "s h said t ! union ( ! ,inc>nation 0 br\ght ab\t by mann] ( comb9ation4 ,b ?is _c be4 ,fir/1 because ! ,div9e ,nature is altoge!r immutable1 z has be5 said 7,i1 ,q4 #i1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b71 h5ce nei!r c x be *ang$ into some?+ else1 s9ce x is incorruptible2 nor c any?+ else be *ang$ into x1 = x _c be g5]at$4 ,secondly1 because :at is mix$ is ( ! same species ) none ( ! elem5ts2 = fle% diff]s 9 species f any ( its elem5ts4 ,& ?us ,*ri/ w\ld be ( ! same nature nei!r ) ,8 ,fa!r nor ) ,8 ,"m4 ,?irdly1 because !re c be no m+l+ ( ?+s widely ap>t2 = ! species ( "o ( !m is absorb$1 e4g4 if we 7 to put a drop ( wat] 9 a flagon ( w9e4 ,& h5ce1 s9ce ! ,div9e ,nature inf9itely exce$s ! human nature1 !re c\ld be no mixture1 b ! ,div9e ,nature alone w\ld rema94 ,?irdly1 a ?+ is made up ( ?+s n mix$ nor *ang$1 b imp]fect2 z man is made up ( s\l & body1 & likewise ( div]s memb]s4 ,b ?is _c be said ( ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,fir/1 because ea* nature1 i4e4 ! ,div9e & ! human1 has its specific p]fection4 ,secondly1 because ! ,div9e & human natures _c con/itute any?+ aft] ! mann] ( quantitative p>ts1 z ! memb]s make up ! body2 = ! ,div9e ,nature is incorporeal2 nor aft] ! mann] ( =m & matt]1 = ! ,div9e ,nature _c be ! =m ( any?+1 especially ( any?+ corporeal1 s9ce x w\ld foll[ t ! species result+ !refrom w\ld be communicable to sev]al1 & ?us !re w\ld be sev]al ,*ri/s4 ,?irdly1 because ,*ri/ w\ld exi/ nei!r 9 human nature nor 9 ! ,div9e ,nature3 s9ce any diff]5ce v>ies ! species1 z unity v>ies numb]1 z is said 7,metaph4 viii1 text4 #aj74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is au?ority ( ,cyril is exp\nd$ 9 ! ,fif? ,synod 7i4e4 ,con/ant9ople ,,ii1 coll4 viii1 c4 #h7 ?us3 ,if anyone proclaim+ "o nature ( ! ,^w ( ,god to be inc>nate does n receive x z ! ,fa!rs taught1 viz4 t f ! ,div9e & human natures 7a union 9 subsi/5ce hav+ tak5 place7 "o ,*ri/ results1 b endeavors f ^! words to introduce "o nature or sub/ance ( ! ,div9ity & fle% ( ,*ri/1 let su* a "o be ana!ma4 ,h5ce ! s5se is n t f two natures "o results2 b t ! ,nature ( ! ,^w ( ,god unit$ fle% to ,itself 9 ,p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,f ! s\l & body a d\ble unity1 viz4 ( nature & p]son--results 9 ea* individual--( nature inasmu* z ! s\l is unit$ to ! body1 & =mally p]fects x1 s t "o nature spr+s f ! two z f act & pot5tiality or f matt] & =m4 ,b ! comp>ison is n 9 ?is s5se1 = ! ,div9e ,nature _c be ! =m ( a body1 z 0 prov$ 7,i1 ,q4 #c1 ,a4 #h74 ,unity ( p]son results f !m1 h[ev]1 inasmu* z !re is an individual subsi/+ 9 fle% & s\l2 & h]e9 lies ! lik5ess1 = ! "o ,*ri/ subsi/s 9 ! ,div9e & human natures4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f1 #aa71 ! ,div9e ,nature is said to be inc>nate because ,x is unit$ to fle% p]sonally1 & n t ,x is *ang$ into fle%4 ,s likewise ! fle% is said to be deifi$1 z he also says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 #ae1 #ag71 n by *ange1 b by union ) ! ,^w1 its natural prop]ties /ill rema9+1 & h5ce x may be consid]$ z deifi$1 inasmu* z x becomes ! fle% ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 b n t x becomes ,god4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,union ( ! ,inc>nate ,^w ,took ,place 9 ! ,p]son8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! union ( ! ,inc>nate ,^w did n take place 9 ! p]son4 ,= ! ,p]son ( ,god is n di/9ct f ,8 ,nature1 z we said 7,i1 ,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #a74 ,if1 !re=e1 ! union did n take place 9 ! nature1 x foll[s t x did n take place 9 ! p]son4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s human nature has no less dignity ?an ours4 ,b p]sonality belongs to dignity1 z 0 /at$ above 7,i1 ,q4 #bi1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b74 ,h5ce1 s9ce our human nature has its prop] p]sonality1 mu* m reason 0 !re t ,*ri/'s %\ld h its prop] p]sonality4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,boe?ius says 7,de ,duab4 ,nat471 a p]son is an individual sub/ance ( rational nature4 ,b ! ,^w ( ,god assum$ an individual human nature1 = univ]sal human nature does n exi/ ( itself1 b is ! object ( pure ?\ght1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa74 ,!re=e ! human nature ( ,*ri/ has its p]sonality4 ,h5ce x does n seem t ! union took place 9 ! p]son4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we read 9 ! ,synod ( ,*alc$on 7,"p ii1 act4 #e73 ,we confess t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ is n p>t$ or divid$ into two p]sons1 b is "o & ! same only-,begott5 ,son & ,^w ( ,god4 ,!re=e ! union took place 9 ! p]son4 ,i answ] t1 ,p]son has a diff]5t mean+ f nature4 ,= nature1 z has be5 said 7,a4 #a71 designates ! specific ess5ce :i* is signifi$ by ! def9ition4 ,& if no?+ 0 f\nd to be add$ to :at belongs to ! notion ( ! species1 !re w\ld be no ne$ to di/+ui% ! nature f ! suppositum ( ! nature 7:i* is ! individual subsi/+ 9 ?is nature71 because e individual subsi/+ 9 a nature w\ld be altoge!r "o ) its nature4 ,n[ 9 c]ta9 subsi/+ ?+s we happ5 to f9d :at does n belong to ! notion ( ! species1 viz4 accid5ts & individuat+ pr9ciples1 :i* appe>s *iefly 9 su* z are compos$ ( matt] & =m4 ,h5ce 9 su* z ^! ! nature & ! suppositum really diff]2 n inde$ z if !y 7 :olly sep>ate1 b because ! suppositum includes ! nature1 & 9 addition c]ta9 o!r ?+s outside ! notion ( ! species4 ,h5ce ! suppositum is tak5 to be a :ole :i* has ! nature z its =mal "p to p]fect x2 & consequ5tly 9 su* z are compos$ ( matt] & =m ! nature is n pr$icat$ ( ! suppositum1 = we d n say t ?is man is 8 manhood4 ,b if !re is a ?+ 9 :i* !re is no?+ outside ! species or its nature 7z 9 ,god71 ! suppositum & ! nature are n really di/9ct 9 x1 b only 9 our way ( ?9k+1 inasmu* x is call$ nature z x is an ess5ce1 & a suppositum z x is subsi/+4 ,& :at is said ( a suppositum is to be appli$ to a p]son 9 rational or intellectual creatures2 = a p]son is no?+ else ?an an individual sub/ance ( rational nature1 accord+ to ,boe?ius4 ,!re=e1 :atev] adh]es to a p]son is unit$ to x 9 p]son1 :e!r x belongs to its nature or n4 ,h5ce1 if ! human nature is n unit$ to ,god ! ,^w 9 p]son1 x is n[ise unit$ to ,him2 & ?us belief 9 ! ,inc>nation is altoge!r done away )1 & ,*ri/ian fai? :olly ov]turn$4 ,!re=e1 inasmu* z ! ,^w has a human nature unit$ to ,him1 :i* does n belong to ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 x foll[s t ! union took place 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w1 & n 9 ! nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh 9 ,god ,nature & ,p]son are n really di/9ct1 yet !y h di/9ct mean+s1 z 0 said above1 inasmu* z p]son signifies aft] ! mann] ( some?+ subsi/+4 ,& because human nature is unit$ to ! ,^w1 s t ! ,^w subsi/s 9 x1 & n s t ,8 ,nature receives !refrom any addition or *ange1 x foll[s t ! union ( human nature to ! ,^w ( ,god took place 9 ! p]son1 & n 9 ! nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,p]sonality p]ta9s ( necessity to ! dignity ( a ?+1 & to its p]fection s f> z x p]ta9s to ! dignity & p]fection ( t ?+ to exi/ by itself 7:i* is und]/ood by ! ^w p]son74 ,n[ x is a great] dignity to exi/ 9 some?+ nobl] ?an oneself ?an to exi/ by oneself4 ,h5ce ! human nature ( ,*ri/ has a great] dignity ?an ours1 f ?is v fact t 9 u1 be+ exi/5t by itself1 x has its own p]sonality1 b 9 ,*ri/ x exi/s 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w4 ,?us to p]fect ! species belongs to ! dignity ( a =m1 yet ! s5sitive "p 9 man1 on acc\nt ( its union ) ! nobl] =m :i* p]fects ! species1 is m noble ?an 9 brutes1 :]e x is itself ! =m :i* p]fects4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,^w ( ,god did n assume human nature 9 g5]al1 b 9 atomo--t is1 9 an individual--z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa7 o!rwise e man w\ld be ! ,^w ( ,god1 ev5 z ,*ri/ 04 ,yet we mu/ be> 9 m9d t n e individual 9 ! g5us ( sub/ance1 ev5 9 rational nature1 is a p]son1 b t alone :i* exi/s by itself1 & n t :i* exi/s 9 "s m p]fect ?+4 ,h5ce ! h& ( ,socrates1 al?\gh x is a k9d ( individual1 is n a p]son1 because x does n exi/ by itself1 b 9 some?+ m p]fect1 viz4 9 ! :ole4 ,& h5ce1 too1 ?is is signifi$ by a p]son be+ def9$ z an individual sub/ance1 = ! h& is n a complete sub/ance1 b "p ( a sub/ance4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh ?is human nature is a k9d ( individual 9 ! g5us ( sub/ance1 x has n its own p]sonality1 because x does n exi/ sep>ately1 b 9 some?+ m p]fect1 viz4 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w4 ,!re=e ! union took place 9 ! p]son4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,union ( ! ,^w ,inc>nate ,took ,place 9 ! ,suppositum or ,hypo/asis8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! union ( ! ,^w ,inc>nate did n take place 9 ! suppositum or hypo/asis4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xxxv1 xxxviii73 ,bo? ! ,div9e & human sub/ance are "o ,son ( ,god1 b !y are "o ?+ 7aliud7 by reason ( ! ,^w & ano!r ?+ 7aliud7 by reason ( ! man4 ,& ,pope ,leo says 9 8 lett] to ,flavian 7,ep4 xxviii73 ,"o ( ^! is glori\s ) miracles1 ! o!r succumbs "u injuries4 ,b "o 7aliud7 & ! o!r 7aliud7 diff] 9 suppositum4 ,!re=e ! union ( ! ,^w ,inc>nate did n take place 9 ! suppositum4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 hypo/asis is no?+ m ?an a p>ticul> sub/ance1 z ,boe?ius says 7,de ,duab4 ,nat474 ,b x is pla9 t 9 ,*ri/ !re is ano!r p>ticul> sub/ance beyond ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w1 viz4 ! body & ! s\l & ! resultant ( ^!4 ,!re=e !re is ano!r hypo/asis 9 ,him besides ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w is n includ$ 9 any g5us or species1 z is pla9 f ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #c1 ,a4 #e74 ,b ,*ri/1 inasmu* z ,he is made man1 is conta9$ "u ! species ( man2 = ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 #a73 ,)9 ! limits ( our nature ,he came1 ,:o f> surpasses ! :ole ord] ( nature sup]sub/antially4 ,n[ no?+ is conta9$ "u ! human species unless x be a hypo/asis ( ! human species4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re is ano!r hypo/asis besides ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w ( ,god2 & h5ce ! same conclusion foll[s z above4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #c1 #d1 #e73 ,9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ we ackn[l$ge two natures & "o hypo/asis4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s :o did n "k ! relation ( hypo/asis to p]son1 al?\gh grant+ t !re is b "o p]son 9 ,*ri/1 held1 nev]!less1 t !re is "o hypo/asis ( ,god & ano!r ( man1 & h5ce t ! union took place 9 ! p]son & n 9 ! hypo/asis4 ,n[ ?is1 = ?ree reasons1 is cle>ly errone\s4 ,fir/1 because p]son only adds to hypo/asis a det]m9ate nature1 viz4 rational1 accord+ to :at ,boe?ius says 7,de ,duab4 ,nat471 a p]son is an individual sub/ance ( rational nature2 & h5ce x is ! same to attribute to ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ a prop] hypo/asis & a prop] p]son4 ,& ! holy ,fa!rs1 see+ ?is1 condemn$ bo? 9 ! ,fif? ,c\ncil held at ,con/ant9ople1 say+3 ,if anyone seeks to introduce into ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation two subsi/5ces or two p]sons1 let him be ana!ma4 ,= by ! inc>nation ( "o ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ,god ! ,^w1 ! ,holy ,tr9ity receiv$ no augm5t ( p]son or subsi/5ce4 ,n[ subsi/5ce is ! same z ! subsi/+ ?+1 :i* is prop] to hypo/asis1 z is pla9 f ,boe?ius 7,de ,duab4 ,nat474 ,secondly1 because if x is grant$ t p]son adds to hypo/asis some?+ 9 :i* ! union c take place1 ?is some?+ is no?+ else ?an a prop]ty p]ta9+ to dignity2 accord+ z x is said by "s t a p]son is a hypo/asis di/+ui%$ by a prop]ty p]ta9+ to dignity4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! union took place 9 ! p]son & n 9 ! hypo/asis1 x foll[s t ! union only took place 9 reg>d to "s dignity4 ,& ?is is :at ,cyril1 ) ! approval ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7"p iii1 c4 #c71 condemn$ 9 ^! t]ms3 ,if anyone aft] ! unit+ divides ! subsi/5ces 9 ! "o ,*ri/1 only jo9+ !m 9 a union ( dignity or au?ority or p[]1 & n r 9 a conc\rse ( natural union1 let him be ana!ma4 ,?irdly1 because to ! hypo/asis alone are attribut$ ! op]ations & ! natural prop]ties1 & :atev] belongs to ! nature 9 ! concrete2 = we say t ?is man reasons1 & is risible1 & is a rational animal4 ,s likewise ?is man is said to be a suppositum1 because he und]lies 7supponitur7 :atev] belongs to man & receives its pr$ication4 ,!re=e1 if !re is any hypo/asis 9 ,*ri/ besides ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w1 x foll[s t :atev] p]ta9s to man is v]ifi$ ( "s o!r ?an ! ,^w1 e4g4 t ,he 0 born ( a ,virg91 suff]$1 0 crucifi$1 0 buri$4 ,& ?is1 too1 0 condemn$ ) ! approval ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7"p iii1 c4 #d7 9 ^! words3 ,if anyone ascribes to two p]sons or subsi/5ces su* words z are 9 ! evangelical & apo/olic ,scriptures1 or h be5 said ( ,*ri/ by ! sa9ts1 or by ,himself ( ,himself1 &1 moreov]1 applies "s ( !m to ! man1 tak5 z di/9ct f ! ,^w ( ,god1 & "s ( !m 7z if !y c\ld be us$ ( ,god alone7 only to ! ,^w ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 let him be ana!ma4 ,!re=e x is pla9ly a h]esy condemn$ long s9ce by ! ,*ur* to say t 9 ,*ri/ !re are two hypo/ases1 or two supposita1 or t ! union did n take place 9 ! hypo/asis or suppositum4 ,h5ce 9 ! same ,synod 7c4 #b7 x is said3 ,if anyone does n confess t ! ,^w 0 unit$ to fle% 9 subsi/5ce1 & t ,*ri/ ) ,8 fle% is bo?--to wit1 ,god & man--let him be ana!ma4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z accid5tal diff]5ce makes a ?+ o!r 7alt]um71 s ess5tial diff]5ce makes ano!r ?+ 7aliud74 ,n[ x is pla9 t ! o!rness :i* spr+s f accid5tal diff]5ce may p]ta9 to ! same hypo/asis or suppositum 9 creat$ ?+s1 s9ce ! same ?+ num]ically c und]lie diff]5t accid5ts4 ,b x does n happ5 9 creat$ ?+s t ! same num]ically c subsi/ 9 div]s ess5ces or natures4 ,h5ce j z :5 we speak ( o!rness 9 reg>d to creatures we d n signify div]sity ( suppositum1 b only div]sity ( accid5tal =ms1 s likewise :5 ,*ri/ is said to be "o ?+ or ano!r ?+1 we d n imply div]sity ( suppositum or hypo/asis1 b div]sity ( nature4 ,h5ce ,gregory ,nazianz5 says 9 a lett] to ,*elidonius 7,ep4 ci73 ,9 ! ,savi\r we may f9d "o ?+ & ano!r1 yet ,he is n "o p]son & ano!r4 ,& ,i say '"o ?+ & ano!r'2 :]eas1 on ! contr>y1 9 ! ,tr9ity we say "o ,p]son & ano!r 7s z n to confuse ! subsi/5ces71 b n "o ?+ & ano!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,hypo/asis signifies a p>ticul> sub/ance1 n 9 e way1 b z x is 9 its complem5t4 ,yet z x is 9 union ) some?+ m complete1 x is n said to be a hypo/asis1 z a h& or a foot4 ,s likewise ! human nature 9 ,*ri/1 al?\gh x is a p>ticul> sub/ance1 nev]!less _c be call$ a hypo/asis or suppositum1 see+ t x is 9 union ) a complet$ ?+1 viz4 ! :ole ,*ri/1 z ,he is ,god & man4 ,b ! complete be+ ) :i* x concurs is said to be a hypo/asis or suppositum4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 creat$ ?+s a s+ul> ?+ is plac$ 9 a g5us or species1 n on acc\nt ( :at belongs to its individuation1 b on acc\nt ( its nature1 :i* spr+s f its =m1 & 9 composite ?+s individuation is tak5 m f matt]4 ,h5ce we say t ,*ri/ is 9 ! human species by reason ( ! nature assum$1 & n by reason ( ! hypo/asis4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,aft] ! ,inc>nation ! ,p]son or ,hypo/asis ( ,*ri/ ,is ,composite8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ is n composite4 ,= ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ is naught else ?an ! ,p]son or hypo/asis ( ! ,^w1 z appe>s f :at has be5 said 7,a4 #b74 ,b 9 ! ,^w1 ,p]son & ,nature d n diff]1 z appe>s f ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e s9ce ! ,nature ( ! ,^w is simple1 z 0 %[n above 7,i1 ,q4 #c1 ,a4 #g71 x is impossible t ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ be composite4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 all composition requires p>ts4 ,b ! ,div9e ,nature is incompatible ) ! notion ( a "p1 = e "p implicates ! notion ( imp]fection4 ,!re=e x is impossible t ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ be compos$ ( two natures4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at is compos$ ( o!rs w\ld seem to be homog5e\s ) !m1 z f bodies only a body c be compos$4 ,!re=e if !re is any?+ 9 ,*ri/ compos$ ( ! two natures1 x foll[s t ?is w n be a p]son b a nature2 & h5ce ! union 9 ,*ri/ w take place 9 ! nature1 :i* is contr>y to ,a4 #b4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #c1 #d1 #e71 ,9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ we ackn[l$ge two natures1 b "o hypo/asis compos$ f bo?4 ,i answ] t1 ,! ,p]son or hypo/asis ( ,*ri/ may be view$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/ z x is 9 itself1 & ?us x is altoge!r simple1 ev5 z ! ,nature ( ! ,^w4 ,secondly1 9 ! aspect ( p]son or hypo/asis to :i* x belongs to subsi/ 9 a nature2 & ?us ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ subsi/s 9 two natures4 ,h5ce ?\gh !re is "o subsi/+ be+ 9 ,him1 yet !re are diff]5t aspects ( subsi/5ce1 & h5ce ,he is said to be a composite p]son1 insomu* z "o be+ subsi/s 9 two4 ,& !reby ! solution to ! fir/ is cle>4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is composition ( a p]son f natures is n s call$ on acc\nt ( p>ts1 b by reason ( numb]1 ev5 z t 9 :i* two ?+s concur may be said to be compos$ ( !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is n v]ifi$ 9 e composition1 t ! ?+ compos$ is homog5e\s ) its compon5t p>ts1 b only 9 ! p>ts ( a cont9u\s ?+2 = ! cont9u\s is compos$ solely ( cont9u\s p>ts4 ,b an animal is compos$ ( s\l & body1 & nei!r ( ^! is an animal4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,is ,any ,union ( ,s\l & ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no union ( s\l & body4 ,= f ! union ( s\l & body 9 u a p]son or a human hypo/asis is caus$4 ,h5ce if ! s\l & body 7 unit$ 9 ,*ri/1 x foll[s t a hypo/asis result$ f _! union4 ,b ?is 0 n ! hypo/asis ( ,god ! ,^w1 = ,x is et]nal4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re w\ld be a p]son or hypo/asis besides ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w1 :i* is contr>y to ,,aa4 #b1 #c4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 f ! union ( s\l & body results ! nature ( ! human species4 ,b ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #c71 t we mu/ n conceive a common species 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re=e !re 0 no union ( s\l & body 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l is unit$ to ! body = ! sole purpose ( quick5+ x4 ,b ! body ( ,*ri/ c\ld be quick5$ by ! ,^w ( ,god ,himself1 see+ ,he is ! f\nt & pr9ciple ( life4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no union ( s\l & body4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! body is n said to be animat$ save f its union ) ! s\l4 ,n[ ! body ( ,*ri/ is said to be animat$1 z ! ,*ur* *ants3 ,tak+ an animate body1 ,he deign$ to be born ( a ,virg9 99,fea/ ( ! ,circumcision1 ,ant4 ii1 ,lauds4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 a union ( s\l & body4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ is call$ a man univocally ) o!r m51 z be+ ( ! same species1 accord+ to ! ,apo/le 7,phil4 #b3g71 be+ made 9 ! lik5ess ( a man4 ,n[ x belongs ess5tially to ! human species t ! s\l be unit$ to ! body1 = ! =m does n con/itute ! species1 except inasmu* z x becomes ! act ( matt]1 & ?is is ! t]m9us ( g5]ation ?r\gh :i* nature int5ds ! species4 ,h5ce x mu/ be said t 9 ,*ri/ ! s\l 0 unit$ to ! body2 & ! contr>y is h]etical1 s9ce x de/roys ! tru? ( ,*ri/'s humanity4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is w\ld seem to be ! reason :i* 0 ( weight ) su* z d5i$ ! union ( ! s\l & body 9 ,*ri/1 viz4 le/ !y %\ld !reby be =c$ to admit a second p]son or hypo/asis 9 ,*ri/1 s9ce !y saw t ! union ( s\l & body 9 m]e m5 result$ 9 a p]son4 ,b ?is happ5s 9 m]e m5 because ! s\l & body are s unit$ 9 !m z to exi/ by !mselves4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !y are unit$ toge!r1 s z to be unit$ to some?+ high]1 :i* subsi/s 9 ! nature compos$ ( !m4 ,& h5ce f ! union ( ! s\l & body 9 ,*ri/ a new hypo/asis or p]son does n result1 b :at is compos$ ( !m is unit$ to ! already exi/+ hypo/asis or ,p]son4 ,nor does x !re=e foll[ t ! union ( ! s\l & body 9 ,*ri/ is ( less effect ?an 9 u1 = its union ) some?+ nobl] does n less5 b increases its virtue & wor?2 j z ! s5sitive s\l 9 animals con/itutes ! species1 z be+ consid]$ ! ultimate =m1 yet x does n d s 9 man1 al?\gh x is ( great] effect & dignity1 & ?is because ( its union ) a fur!r & nobl] p]fection1 viz4 ! rational s\l1 z has be5 said above 7,a4 #b1 ad #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is say+ ( ,damasc5e may be tak5 9 two ways3 ,fir/1 z ref]r+ to human nature1 :i*1 z x is 9 "o individual alone1 has n ! nature ( a common species1 b only inasmu* z ei!r x is ab/ract$ f e individual1 & consid]$ 9 itself by ! m9d1 or accord+ z x is 9 all individuals4 ,n[ ! ,son ( ,god did n assume human nature z x exi/s 9 ! pure ?\ght ( ! intellect1 s9ce 9 ?is way ,he w\ld n h assum$ human nature 9 reality1 unless x be said t human nature is a sep>ate idea1 j z ! ,platoni/s conceiv$ ( man )\t matt]4 ,b 9 ?is way ! ,son ( ,god w\ld n h assum$ fle%1 contr>y to :at is writt5 7,luke #bd3ci71 ,a _s ha? n fle% & bones z y see ,me to h4 ,nei!r c x be said t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature z x is 9 all ! individuals ( ! same species1 o!rwise ,he w\ld h assum$ all m54 ,!re=e x rema9s1 z ,damasc5e says fur!r on 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa7 t ,he assum$ human nature 9 atomo1 i4e4 9 an individual2 n1 inde$1 9 ano!r individual :i* is a suppositum or a p]son ( t nature1 b 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,secondly1 ?is say+ ( ,damasc5e may be tak5 n z ref]r+ to human nature1 z if f ! union ( s\l & body "o common nature 7viz4 human7 did n result1 b z ref]r+ to ! union ( ! two natures ,div9e & human3 :i* d n comb9e s z to =m a ?ird some?+ t becomes a common nature1 = 9 ?is way x w\ld become pr$icable ( _m1 & ?is is :at he is aim+ at1 s9ce he adds3 ,= !re 0 n g5]at$1 nei!r w !re ev] be g5]at$1 ano!r ,*ri/1 ,:o f ! ,godhead & manhood1 & 9 ! ,godhead & manhood1 is p]fect ,god & p]fect man4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!re are two pr9ciples ( corporeal life3 "o ! effective pr9ciple1 & 9 ?is way ! ,^w ( ,god is ! pr9ciple ( all life2 ! o!r1 ! =mal pr9ciple ( life1 = s9ce 9 liv+ ?+s to be is to live1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,anima ii1 #cg71 j z ev]y?+ is =mally by its =m1 s likewise ! body lives by ! s\l3 9 ?is way a body c\ld n live by ! ,^w1 ,:i* _c be ! =m ( a body4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,human ,nature ,0 ,unit$ to ! ,^w ( ,god ,accid5tally8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! human nature 0 unit$ to ! ,^w ( ,god accid5tally4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,phil4 #b3g7 ( ! ,son ( ,god1 t ,he 0 9 habit f\nd z a man4 ,b habit is accid5tally associat$ ) t to :i* x p]ta9s1 :e!r habit be tak5 = "o ( ! t5 pr$icam5ts or z a species ( quality4 ,!re=e human nature is accid5tally unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :atev] comes to a ?+ t is complete 9 be+ comes to x accid5tally1 = an accid5t is said to be :at c come or g )\t ! subject be+ corrupt$4 ,b human nature came to ,*ri/ 9 "t1 ,:o _h p]fect be+ f et]nity4 ,!re=e x came to ,him accid5tally4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :atev] does n p]ta9 to ! nature or ! ess5ce ( a ?+ is its accid5t1 = :atev] is1 is ei!r a sub/ance or an accid5t4 ,b human nature does n p]ta9 to ! ,div9e ,ess5ce or ,nature ( ! ,son ( ,god1 = ! union did n take place 9 ! nature1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a74 ,h5ce ! human nature mu/ h accru$ accid5tally to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 an in/rum5t accrues accid5tally4 ,b ! human nature 0 ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead 9 ,*ri/1 = ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ae71 t ! fle% ( ,*ri/ is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead4 ,!re=e x seems t ! human nature 0 unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god accid5tally4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:atev] is pr$icat$ accid5tally1 pr$icates1 n sub/ance1 b quantity1 or quality1 or "s o!r mode ( be+4 ,if !re=e ! human nature accrues accid5tally1 :5 we say ,*ri/ is man1 we d n pr$icate sub/ance1 b quality or quantity1 or "s o!r mode ( be+1 :i* is contr>y to ! ,decretal ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii1 :o says 7,conc4 ,lat]4 iii73 ,s9ce ,*ri/ is p]fect ,god & p]fect man1 :at foolh>d9ess h "s to d>e to affirm t ,*ri/ z man is n a sub/ance8 ,i answ] t1 ,9 evid5ce ( ?is "q we mu/ "k t two h]esies h aris5 ) reg>d to ! my/]y ( ! union ( ! two natures 9 ,*ri/4 ,! fir/ confus$ ! natures1 z ,euty*es & ,dioscorus1 :o held t f ! two natures "o nature result$1 s t !y confess$ ,*ri/ to be f two natures 7:i* 7 di/9ct be=e ! union71 b n 9 two natures 7! di/9ction ( nature com+ to an end aft] ! union74 ,! second 0 ! h]esy ( ,ne/orius & ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 :o sep>at$ ! p]sons4 ,= !y held ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god to be di/9ct f ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( man1 & said ^! 7 mutually unit$3 fir/1 by indwell+1 inasmu* z ! ,^w ( ,god dwelt 9 ! man1 z 9 a temple2 secondly1 by unity ( int5tion1 inasmu* z ! w ( ! man 0 always 9 agreem5t ) ! w ( ! ,^w ( ,god2 ?irdly1 by op]ation1 inasmu* z !y said ! man 0 ! in/rum5t ( ! ,^w ( ,god2 f\r?ly1 by greatness ( honor1 inasmu* z all honor %[n to ! ,son ( ,god 0 equally %[n to ! ,son ( man1 on acc\nt ( ,8 union ) ! ,son ( ,god2 fif?ly1 by equivocation1 i4e4 communication ( names1 inasmu* z we say t ?is man is ,god & ! ,son ( ,god4 ,n[ x is pla9 t ^! modes imply an accid5tal union4 ,b "s m rec5t ma/]s1 ?9k+ to avoid ^! h]esies1 ?r\gh ignorance fell into !m4 ,= "s conc$$ "o p]son 9 ,*ri/1 b ma9ta9$ two hypo/ases1 or two supposita1 say+ t a man1 compos$ ( body & s\l1 0 f ! beg9n+ ( 8 conception assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,& ?is is ! fir/ op9ion set d[n by ! ,ma/] 7,s5t4 iii1 ,d1 #f74 ,b o!rs desir\s ( keep+ ! unity ( p]son1 held t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 n unit$ to ! body1 b t ^! two 7 mutually sep>ate1 & 7 unit$ to ! ,^w accid5tally1 s t ! numb] ( p]sons might n be increas$4 ,& ?is is ! ?ird op9ion :i* ! ,ma/] sets d[n 7,s5t4 iii1 ,d1 #f74 ,b bo? ( ^! op9ions fall into ! h]esy ( ,ne/orius2 ! fir/1 inde$1 because to ma9ta9 two hypo/ases or supposita 9 ,*ri/ is ! same z to ma9ta9 two p]sons1 z 0 %[n above 7,a4 #c74 ,& if /ress is laid on ! ^w p]son1 we mu/ h 9 m9d t ev5 ,ne/orius spoke ( unity ( p]son on acc\nt ( ! unity ( dignity & honor4 ,h5ce ! fif? ,c\ncil 7,con/ant9ople ,,ii1 coll4 viii1 c4 #e7 directs an ana!ma aga9/ su* a "o z holds "o p]son 9 dignity1 honor & adoration1 z ,!odore & ,ne/orius fooli%ly wrote4 ,b ! o!r op9ion falls into ! error ( ,ne/orius by ma9ta9+ an accid5tal union4 ,= !re is no diff]5ce 9 say+ t ! ,^w ( ,god is unit$ to ! ,man ,*ri/ by indwell+1 z 9 ,8 temple 7z ,ne/orius said71 or by putt+ on man1 z a g>m5t1 :i* is ! ?ird op9ion2 r x says some?+ worse ?an ,ne/orius--to wit1 t ! s\l & body are n unit$4 ,n[ ! ,ca?olic fai?1 hold+ ! mean betwe5 ! a=esaid positions1 does n affirm t ! union ( ,god & man took place 9 ! ess5ce or nature1 nor yet 9 some?+ accid5tal1 b midway1 9 a subsi/5ce or hypo/asis4 ,h5ce 9 ! fif? ,c\ncil 7,con/ant9ople ,,ii1 coll4 viii1 c4 #e7 we read3 ,s9ce ! unity may be und]/ood 9 _m ways1 ^? :o foll[ ! impiety ( ,apoll9>is & ,euty*es1 pr(ess+ ! de/ruction ( :at came toge!r 7i4e4 de/roy+ bo? natures71 confess a union by m+l+2 b ! foll[]s ( ,!odore & ,ne/orius1 ma9ta9+ division1 introduce a union ( purpose4 ,b ! ,holy ,*ur* ( ,god1 reject+ ! impiety ( bo? ^! treasons1 confesses a union ( ! ,^w ( ,god ) fle%1 by composition1 :i* is 9 subsi/5ce4 ,!re=e x is pla9 t ! second ( ! ?ree op9ions1 m5tion$ by ! ,ma/] 7,s5t4 iii1 ,d1 #f71 :i* holds "o hypo/asis ( ,god & man1 is n to be call$ an op9ion1 b an article ( ,ca?olic fai?4 ,s likewise ! fir/ op9ion :i* holds two hypo/ases1 & ! ?ird :i* holds an accid5tal union1 are n to be /yl$ op9ions1 b h]esies condemn$ by ! ,*ur* 9 ,c\ncils4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bf73 ,examples ne$ n be :olly & at all po9ts simil>1 = :at is :olly simil> is ! same1 & n an example1 & especially 9 ,div9e ?+s1 = x is impossible to f9d a :olly simil> example 9 ! ,!ology1 i4e4 9 ! ,godhead ( ,p]sons1 & 9 ! ,disp5sation1 i4e4 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,h5ce ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ is lik5$ to a habit1 i4e4 a g>m5t1 n inde$ 9 reg>d to accid5tal union1 b inasmu* z ! ,^w is se5 by ! human nature1 z a man by 8 g>m5t1 & also inasmu* z ! g>m5t is *ang$1 = x is %ap$ accord+ to ! figure ( him :o puts x on1 & yet he is n *ang$ f 8 =m on acc\nt ( ! g>m5t4 ,s likewise ! human nature assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god is ennobl$1 b ! ,^w ( ,god is n *ang$1 z ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 #hc1 qu4 #gc74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:atev] accrues aft] ! completion ( ! be+ comes accid5tally1 unless x be tak5 into communion ) ! complete be+1 j z 9 ! resurrection ! body comes to ! s\l :i* pre-exi/s1 yet n accid5tally1 because x is assum$ unto ! same be+1 s t ! body has vital be+ ?r\gh ! s\l2 b x is n s ) :it5ess1 = ! be+ ( :it5ess is o!r ?an ! be+ ( man to :i* :it5ess comes4 ,b ! ,^w ( ,god f all et]nity _h complete be+ 9 hypo/asis or p]son2 :ile 9 "t ! human nature accru$ to x1 n z if x 7 assum$ unto "o be+ inasmu* z ?is is ( ! nature 7ev5 z ! body is assum$ to ! be+ ( ! s\l71 b to "o be+ inasmu* z ?is is ( ! hypo/asis or p]son4 ,h5ce ! human nature is n accid5tally unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accid5t is divid$ aga9/ sub/ance4 ,n[ sub/ance1 z is pla9 f ,metaph4 v1 #be1 is tak5 9 two ways3 fir/1 = ess5ce or nature2 secondly1 = suppositum or hypo/asis--h5ce ! union hav+ tak5 place 9 ! hypo/asis1 is en\gh to %[ t x is n an accid5tal union1 al?\gh ! union did n take place 9 ! nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,n ev]y?+ t is assum$ z an in/rum5t p]ta9s to ! hypo/asis ( ! "o :o assumes1 z is pla9 9 ! case ( a saw or a sword2 yet no?+ prev5ts :at is assum$ into ! unity ( ! hypo/asis f be+ z an in/rum5t1 ev5 z ! body ( man or 8 memb]s4 ,h5ce ,ne/orius held t ! human nature 0 assum$ by ! ,^w m]ely z an in/rum5t1 & n into ! unity ( ! hypo/asis4 ,& !re=e he did n conc$e t ! man 0 really ! ,son ( ,god1 b ,8 in/rum5t4 ,h5ce ,cyril says 7,epi/4 ad ,mona*4 ,aegyptii73 ,! ,scripture does n affirm t ?is ,emmanuel1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 0 assum$ = ! (fice ( an in/rum5t1 b z ,god truly humaniz$1 i4e4 made man4 ,b ,damasc5e held t ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ is an in/rum5t belong+ to ! unity ( ! hypo/asis4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,union ( ! ,div9e ,nature & ! ,human ,is ,any?+ ,creat$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! union ( ! ,div9e & human natures is n any?+ creat$4 ,= !re c be no?+ creat$ 9 ,god1 because :atev] is 9 ,god is ,god4 ,b ! union is 9 ,god1 = ,god ,himself is unit$ to human nature4 ,!re=e x seems t ! union is n any?+ creat$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! end holds fir/ place 9 ev]y?+4 ,b ! end ( ! union is ! ,div9e hypo/asis or ,p]son 9 :i* ! union is t]m9at$4 ,!re=e x seems t ?is union ought *iefly to be judg$ ) ref]5ce to ! dignity ( ! ,div9e hypo/asis1 :i* is n any?+ creat$4 ,!re=e ! union is no?+ creat$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,t :i* is ! cause ( a ?+ be+ su* is /ill m s 7,po/]4 i74 ,b man is said to be ! ,creator on acc\nt ( ! union4 ,!re=e mu* m is ! union itself no?+ creat$1 b ! ,creator4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:atev] has a beg9n+ 9 "t is creat$4 ,n[ ?is union 0 n f et]nity1 b began 9 "t4 ,!re=e ! union is some?+ creat$4 ,i answ] t1 ,! union ( :i* we are speak+ is a relation :i* we consid] betwe5 ! ,div9e & ! human nature1 inasmu* z !y come toge!r 9 "o ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,n[1 z 0 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #ac1 ,a4 #g71 e relation :i* we consid] betwe5 ,god & ! creature is really 9 ! creature1 by ^: *ange ! relation is br\ght into be+2 :]eas x is n really 9 ,god1 b only 9 our way ( ?9k+1 s9ce x does n arise f any *ange 9 ,god4 ,& h5ce we mu/ say t ! union ( :i* we are speak+ is n really 9 ,god1 except only 9 our way ( ?9k+2 b 9 ! human nature1 :i* is a creature1 x is really4 ,!re=e we mu/ say x is some?+ creat$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is union is n really 9 ,god1 b only 9 our way ( ?9k+1 = ,god is said to be unit$ to a creature inasmu* z ! creature is really unit$ to ,god )\t any *ange 9 ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! specific nature ( a relation1 z ( motion1 dep5ds on ! subject4 ,& s9ce ?is union has its be+ n[h]e save 9 a creat$ nature1 z 0 said above1 x foll[s t x has a creat$ be+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a man is call$ ,creator & is ,god because ( ! union1 inasmu* z x is t]m9at$ 9 ! ,div9e hypo/asis2 yet x does n foll[ t ! union itself is ! ,creator or ,god1 because t a ?+ is said to be creat$ reg>ds its be+ r ?an its relation4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,union ,is ! ,same ,z ,assumption8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t union is ! same z assumption4 ,= relations1 z motions1 are specifi$ by _! t]m9i4 ,n[ ! t]m ( assumption & union is "o & ! same1 viz4 ! ,div9e hypo/asis4 ,!re=e x seems t union & assumption are n diff]5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! same ?+ seems to be :at unites & :at assumes1 & :at is unit$ & :at is assum$4 ,b union & assumption seem to foll[ ! action & passion ( ! ?+ unit+ & ! unit$1 ( ! ?+ assum+ & ! assum$4 ,!re=e union seems to be ! same z assumption4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa73 ,union is "o ?+1 inc>nation is ano!r2 = union dem&s m]e copulation1 & leaves unsaid ! end ( ! copulation2 b inc>nation & humanation det]m9e ! end ( copulation4 ,b likewise assumption does n det]m9e ! end ( copulation4 ,!re=e x seems t union is ! same z assumption4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,div9e ,nature is said to be unit$1 n assum$4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #g71 union implies a c]ta9 relation ( ! ,div9e ,nature & ! human1 accord+ z !y come toge!r 9 "o ,p]son4 ,n[ all relations :i* beg9 9 "t are br\ght ab\t by "s *ange2 & *ange consi/s 9 action & passion4 ,h5ce ! fir/ & pr9cipal diff]5ce betwe5 assumption & union mu/ be said to be t union implies ! relation3 :]eas assumption implies ! action1 :]eby someone is said to assume1 or ! passion1 :]eby some?+ is said to be assum$4 ,n[ f ?is diff]5ce ano!r second diff]5ce arises1 = assumption implies becom+1 :]eas union implies hav+ become1 & !re=e ! ?+ unit+ is said to be unit$1 b ! ?+ assum+ is n said to be assum$4 ,= ! human nature is tak5 to be 9 ! t]m9us ( assumption unto ! ,div9e hypo/asis :5 man is spok5 (2 & h5ce we c truly say t ! ,son ( ,god1 ,:o assumes human nature unto ,himself1 is man4 ,b human nature1 consid]$ 9 itself1 i4e4 9 ! ab/ract1 is view$ z assum$2 & we d n say ! ,son ( ,god is human nature4 ,f ?is same foll[s a ?ird diff]5ce1 :i* is t a relation1 especially "o ( equip>ance1 is no m to "o extreme ?an to ! o!r1 :]eas action & passion be> !mselves diff]5tly to ! ag5t & ! pati5t1 & to diff]5t t]m9i4 ,& h5ce assumption det]m9es ! t]m :5ce & ! t]m :i!r2 = assumption means a tak+ to oneself f ano!r4 ,b union det]m9es none ( ^! ?+s4 ,h5ce x may be said indiff]5tly t ! human nature is unit$ ) ! ,div9e1 or conv]sely4 ,b ! ,div9e ,nature is n said to be assum$ by ! human1 b conv]sely1 because ! human nature is jo9$ to ! ,div9e p]sonality1 s t ! ,div9e ,p]son subsi/s 9 human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,union & assumption h n ! same relation to ! t]m1 b a diff]5t relation1 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:at unites & :at assumes are n ! same4 ,= :atsoev] ,p]son assumes unites1 & n conv]sely4 ,= ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r unit$ ! human nature to ! ,son1 b n to ,himself2 & h5ce ,he is said to unite & n to assume4 ,s likewise ! unit$ & ! assum$ are n id5tical1 = ! ,div9e ,nature is said to be unit$1 b n assum$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,assumption det]m9es ) :om ! union is made on ! "p ( ! "o assum+1 inasmu* z assumption means tak+ unto oneself 7ad se sum]e71 :]eas inc>nation & humanation 7det]m9e ) :om ! union is made7 on ! "p ( ! ?+ assum$1 :i* is fle% or human nature4 ,& ?us assumption diff]s logically bo? f union & f inc>nation or humanation4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ! ,union ( ! ,two ,natures 9 ,*ri/ ,is ! ,greate/ ( ,all ,unions8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! union ( ! two natures 9 ,*ri/ is n ! greate/ ( all unions4 ,= :at is unit$ falls %ort ( ! unity ( :at is "o1 s9ce :at is unit$ is by p>ticipation1 b "o is by ess5ce4 ,n[ 9 creat$ ?+s !re are "s t are simply "o1 z is %[n especially 9 unity itself1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( numb]4 ,!re=e ! union ( :i* we are speak+ does n imply ! greate/ ( all unions4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! great] ! di/ance betwe5 ?+s unit$1 ! less ! union4 ,n[1 ! ?+s unit$ by ?is union are mo/ di/ant--namely1 ! ,div9e & human natures2 = !y are inf9itely ap>t4 ,!re=e _! union is ! lea/ ( all4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 f union !re results "o4 ,b f ! union ( s\l & body 9 u !re arises :at is "o 9 p]son & nature2 :]eas f ! union ( ! ,div9e & human nature !re results :at is "o 9 p]son only4 ,!re=e ! union ( s\l & body is great] ?an t ( ! ,div9e & human natures2 & h5ce ! union ( :i* we speak does n imply ! greate/ unity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #aj7 t man is 9 ! ,son ( ,god1 m ?an ! ,son 9 ! ,fa!r4 ,b ! ,son is 9 ! ,fa!r by unity ( ess5ce1 & man is 9 ! ,son by ! union ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,!re=e ! union ( ! ,inc>nation is great] ?an ! unity ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 :i* nev]!less is ! greate/ union2 & ?us ! union ( ! ,inc>nation implies ! greate/ unity4 ,i answ] t1 ,union implies ! jo9+ ( sev]al 9 "s "o ?+4 ,!re=e ! union ( ! ,inc>nation may be tak5 9 two ways3 fir/1 9 reg>d to ! ?+s unit$2 secondly1 9 reg>d to t 9 :i* !y are unit$4 ,& 9 ?is reg>d ?is union has a pre-em95ce ov] o!r unions2 = ! unity ( ! ,div9e ,p]son1 9 :i* ! two natures are unit$1 is ! greate/4 ,b x has no pre-em95ce 9 reg>d to ! ?+s unit$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! unity ( ! ,div9e ,p]son is great] ?an num]ical unity1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( numb]4 ,= ! unity ( a ,div9e ,p]son is an uncreat$ & self-subsi/+ unity1 n receiv$ into ano!r by p>ticipation4 ,also1 x is complete 9 itself1 hav+ 9 itself :atev] p]ta9s to ! nature ( unity2 & !re=e x is n compatible ) ! nature ( a "p1 z 9 num]ical unity1 :i* is a "p ( numb]1 & :i* is %>$ 9 by ! ?+s numb]$4 ,& h5ce 9 ?is respect ! union ( ! ,inc>nation is high] ?an num]ical unity by reason ( ! unity ( ! ,div9e ,p]son1 & n by reason ( ! human nature1 :i* is n ! unity ( ! ,div9e ,p]son1 b is unit$ to x4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is reason reg>ds ! ?+s unit$1 & n ! ,p]son 9 ,:om ! union takes place4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! unity ( ! ,div9e ,p]son is great] ?an ! unity ( p]son & nature 9 u2 & h5ce ! union ( ! ,inc>nation is great] ?an ! union ( s\l & body 9 u4 ,& because :at is urg$ 9 ! argum5t on ! contr>y re/s ^u :at is untrue--namely1 t ! union ( ! ,inc>nation is great] ?an ! unity ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons 9 ,ess5ce--we mu/ say to ! au?ority ( ,augu/9e t ! human nature is n m 9 ! ,son ( ,god ?an ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! ,fa!r1 b mu* less4 ,b ! man 9 "s respects is m 9 ! ,son ?an ! ,son 9 ! ,fa!r--namely1 inasmu* z ! same suppositum is signifi$ :5 ,i say man1 mean+ ,*ri/1 & :5 ,i say ,son ( ,god2 :]eas x is n ! same suppositum ( ,fa!r & ,son4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ! ,union ( ! ,inc>nation ,took ,place by ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! union ( ! ,inc>nation did n take place by grace4 ,= grace is an accid5t1 z 0 %[n above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #b74 ,b ! union ( ! human nature to ! ,div9e did n take place accid5tally1 z 0 %[n above 7,a4 #f74 ,!re=e x seems t ! union ( ! ,inc>nation did n take place by grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! subject ( grace is ! s\l4 ,b x is writt5 7,col4 #b3i73 ,9 ,*ri/ ,vulg43 ',him' dwelle? all ! fulness ( ! ,godhead corporeally4 ,!re=e x seems t ?is union did n take place by grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 e sa9t is unit$ to ,god by grace4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! union ( ! ,inc>nation 0 by grace1 x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ is said to be ,god no m ?an o!r holy m54 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pra$4 ,sanct4 xv73 ,by ! same grace e man is made a ,*ri/ian1 f ! beg9n+ ( 8 fai?1 z ?is man f ,8 beg9n+ 0 made ,*ri/4 ,b ?is man became ,*ri/ by union ) ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,!re=e ?is union 0 by grace4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #a71 grace is tak5 9 two ways3--fir/1 z ! w ( ,god gratuit\sly be/[+ some?+2 secondly1 z ! free gift ( ,god4 ,n[ human nature /&s 9 ne$ ( ! gratuit\s w ( ,god 9 ord] to be lift$ up to ,god1 s9ce ?is is above its natural capability4 ,moreov]1 human nature is lift$ up to ,god 9 two ways3 fir/1 by op]ation1 z ! sa9ts "k & love ,god2 secondly1 by p]sonal be+1 & ?is mode belongs exclusively to ,*ri/1 9 ,:om human nature is assum$ s z to be 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b x is pla9 t = ! p]fection ( op]ation ! p[] ne$s to be p]fect$ by a habit1 :]eas t a nature has be+ 9 its own suppositum does n take place by means ( a habit4 ,& h5ce we mu/ say t if grace be und]/ood z ! w ( ,god gratuit\sly do+ some?+ or reput+ any?+ z well-pleas+ or acceptable to ,him1 ! union ( ! ,inc>nation took place by grace1 ev5 z ! union ( ! sa9ts ) ,god by k & love4 ,b if grace be tak5 z ! free gift ( ,god1 !n ! fact t ! human nature is unit$ to ! ,div9e ,p]son may be call$ a grace1 inasmu* z x took place )\t be+ prec$$ by any m]its--b n z ?\gh !re 7 an habitual grace1 by means ( :i* ! union took place4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! grace :i* is an accid5t is a c]ta9 lik5ess ( ! ,div9ity p>ticipat$ by man4 ,b by ! ,inc>nation human nature is n said to h p>ticipat$ a lik5ess ( ! ,div9e nature1 b is said to be unit$ to ! ,div9e ,nature itself 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,son4 ,n[ ! ?+ itself is great] ?an a p>ticipat$ lik5ess ( x4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,habitual grace is only 9 ! s\l2 b ! grace1 i4e4 ! free gift ( ,god1 ( be+ unit$ to ! ,div9e ,p]son belongs to ! :ole human nature1 :i* is compos$ ( s\l & body4 ,& h5ce x is said t ! fulness ( ! ,godhead dwelt corporeally 9 ,*ri/ because ! ,div9e ,nature is unit$ n m]ely to ! s\l1 b to ! body also4 ,al?\gh x may also be said t x dwelt 9 ,*ri/ corporeally1 i4e4 n z 9 a %ad[1 z x dwelt 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! old law1 ( :i* x is said 9 ! same place 7,col4 #b3ag7 t !y are ! %ad[ ( ?+s to come b ! body is ,*ri/ ,vulg43 ',*ri/'s'1 inasmu* z ! body is oppos$ to ! %ad[4 ,& "s say t ! ,godhead is said to h dwelt 9 ,*ri/ corporeally1 i4e4 9 ?ree ways1 j z a body has ?ree dim5sions3 fir/1 by ess5ce1 pres5ce1 & p[]1 z 9 o!r creatures2 secondly1 by sanctify+ grace1 z 9 ! sa9ts2 ?irdly1 by p]sonal union1 :i* is prop] to ,*ri/4 ,h5ce ! reply to ! ?ird is manife/1 viz4 because ! union ( ! ,inc>nation did n take place by habitual grace alone1 b 9 subsi/5ce or p]son4 ,,elev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #aa ,:e!r ,any ,m]its ,prec$$ ! ,union ( ! ,inc>nation8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! union ( ! ,inc>nation foll[$ ^u c]ta9 m]its1 because ^u ,ps4 #cb3bb1 ,let ,?y m]cy1 o ,"l1 be ^u u1 z1 etc4 a gloss says3 ,"h ! prophet's desire = ! ,inc>nation & its m]it$ fulfilm5t are h9t$ at4 ,!re=e ! ,inc>nation falls "u m]it4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :oev] m]its any?+ m]its t )\t :i* x _c be4 ,b ! anci5t ,fa!rs m]it$ et]nal life1 to :i* !y 7 able to atta9 only by ! ,inc>nation2 = ,gregory says 7,moral4 xiii73 ,^? :o came into ?is _w be=e ,*ri/'s com+1 :atsoev] em95cy ( righte\sness !y may h _h1 c\ld n1 on be+ dive/$ ( ! body1 at once be admitt$ into ! bosom ( ! heav5ly c\ntry1 see+ t ,he _h n z yet come ,:o1 by ,8 own desc5d+1 %\ld place ! s\ls ( ! righte\s 9 _! ev]la/+ seat4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t !y m]it$ ! ,inc>nation4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 x is sung t %e m]it$ to be> ! ,"l ( all 99,little ,(fice ( ,b4 ,v4 ,m41 ,dom9ican ,rite1 ,ant4 at ,b5$ictus1 & ?is took place ?r\gh ! ,inc>nation4 ,!re=e ! ,inc>nation falls "u m]it4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pra$4 ,sanct4 xv73 ,:oev] c f9d m]its prec$+ ! s+ul> g5]ation ( our ,head1 may also f9d m]its prec$+ ! repeat$ reg5]ation ( u ,8 memb]s4 ,b no m]its prec$$ our reg5]ation1 accord+ to ,titus #c3e3 ,n by ! works ( ju/ice :i* we h done1 b accord+ to ,8 m]cy ,he sav$ u1 by ! lav] ( reg5]ation4 ,!re=e no m]its prec$$ ! g5]ation ( ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,) reg>d to ,*ri/ ,himself1 x is cle> f ! above 7,a4 #aj7 t no m]its ( ,8 c\ld h prec$$ ! union4 ,= we d n hold t ,he 0 fir/ ( all a m]e man1 & t aft]w>ds by ! m]its ( a good life x 0 grant$ ,him to become ! ,son ( ,god1 z ,phot9us held2 b we hold t f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception ?is man 0 truly ! ,son ( ,god1 see+ t ,he _h no o!r hypo/asis b t ( ! ,son ( ,god1 accord+ to ,luke #a3ce3 ,! ,holy :i* %all be born ( !e %all be call$ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,& h5ce e op]ation ( ?is man foll[$ ! union4 ,!re=e no op]ation ( ,8 c\ld h be5 m]itori\s ( ! union4 ,nei!r c\ld ! ne$s ( any o!r man :atsoev] h m]it$ ?is union condignly3 fir/1 because ! m]itori\s works ( man are prop]ly orda9$ to beatitude1 :i* is ! rew>d ( virtue1 & consi/s 9 ! full enjoym5t ( ,god4 ,:]eas ! union ( ! ,inc>nation1 inasmu* z x is 9 ! p]sonal be+1 transc5ds ! union ( ! beatifi$ m9d ) ,god1 :i* is by ! act ( ! s\l 9 fruition2 & !re=e x _c fall "u m]it4 ,secondly1 because grace _c fall "u m]it1 = ! pr9ciple ( m]it does n fall "u m]it2 & !re=e nei!r does grace1 = x is ! pr9ciple ( m]it4 ,h5ce1 /ill less does ! ,inc>nation fall "u m]it1 s9ce x is ! pr9ciple ( grace1 accord+ to ,john #a3ag3 ,grace & tru? came by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?irdly1 because ! ,inc>nation is = ! re=mation ( ! entire human nature1 & !re=e x does n fall "u ! m]it ( any individual man1 s9ce ! goodness ( a m]e man _c be ! cause ( ! good ( ! entire nature4 ,yet ! holy ,fa!rs m]it$ ! ,inc>nation congru\sly by desir+ & besee*+2 = x 0 becom+ t ,god %\ld h>k5 to ^? :o obey$ ,him4 ,& !reby ! reply to ! ,fir/ ,objection is manife/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x is false t "u m]it falls ev]y?+ )\t :i* !re c be no rew>d4 ,= !re is some?+ pre-requir$ n m]ely = rew>d1 b also = m]it1 z ! ,div9e goodness & grace & ! v nature ( man4 ,& aga91 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation is ! pr9ciple ( m]it1 because ( ,8 fulness we all h receiv$ 7,john #a3af74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 is said to h m]it$ to be> ! ,"l ( all2 n t %e m]it$ ,8 ,inc>nation1 b because by ! grace be/[$ ^u h] %e m]it$ t grade ( purity & hol9ess1 :i* fitt$ h] to be ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,,twelf? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #b1 ,art4 #ab ,:e!r ! ,grace ( ,union ,0 ,natural to ! ,man ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! grace ( union 0 n natural to ! man ,*ri/4 ,= ! union ( ! ,inc>nation did n take place 9 ! nature1 b 9 ! ,p]son1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #b74 ,n[ a ?+ is d5om9at$ f its t]m9us4 ,!re=e ?is grace ought r to be call$ p]sonal ?an natural4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 grace is divid$ aga9/ nature1 ev5 z gratuit\s ?+s1 :i* are f ,god1 are di/+ui%$ f natural ?+s1 :i* are f an intr9sic pr9ciple4 ,b if ?+s are divid$ 9 opposition to "o ano!r1 "o is n d5om9at$ by ! o!r4 ,!re=e ! grace ( ,*ri/ 0 n natural to ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 natural is t :i* is accord+ to nature4 ,b ! grace ( union is n natural to ,*ri/ 9 reg>d to ! ,div9e ,nature1 o!rwise x w\ld belong to ! o!r ,p]sons2 nor is x natural to ,him accord+ to ! human nature1 o!rwise x w\ld belong to all m51 s9ce !y are ( ! same nature z ,he4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t ! grace ( union is n[ise natural to ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xl73 ,9 ! assumption ( human nature1 grace itself became some:at natural to t man1 s z to leave no room = s9 9 ,him4 ,i answ] t1 ,accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,metaph4 v1 #e71 nature designates1 9 "o way1 nativity2 9 ano!r1 ! ess5ce ( a ?+4 ,h5ce natural may be tak5 9 two ways3 fir/1 = :at is only f ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( a ?+1 z x is natural to fire to m\nt2 secondly1 we call natural to man :at he has _h f 8 bir?1 accord+ to ,eph4 #b3c3 ,we 7 by nature *ildr5 ( wra?2 & ,wis4 #ab3aj3 ,!y 7 a wick$ g5]ation1 & _! malice natural4 ,!re=e ! grace ( ,*ri/1 :e!r ( union or habitual1 _c be call$ natural z if caus$ by ! pr9ciples ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/1 al?\gh x may be call$ natural1 z if com+ to ! human nature ( ,*ri/ by ! causality ( ,8 ,div9e ,nature4 ,b ^! two k9ds ( grace are said to be natural to ,*ri/1 inasmu* z ,he _h !m f ,8 nativity1 s9ce f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception ! human nature 0 unit$ to ! ,div9e ,p]son1 & ,8 s\l 0 fill$ ) ! gift ( grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ! union did n take place 9 ! nature1 yet x 0 caus$ by ! p[] ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 :i* is truly ! nature ( ,*ri/1 & x1 moreov]1 belong$ to ,*ri/ f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 nativity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! union is n said to be grace & natural 9 ! same respect2 = x is call$ grace inasmu* z x is n f m]it2 & x is said to be natural inasmu* z by ! p[] ( ! ,div9e ,nature x 0 9 ! humanity ( ,*ri/ f ,8 nativity4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! grace ( union is n natural to ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 human nature1 z if x 7 caus$ by ! pr9ciples ( ! human nature1 & h5ce x ne$ n belong to all m54 ,nev]!less1 x is natural to ,him 9 reg>d to ! human nature on acc\nt ( ! prop]ty ( ,8 bir?1 see+ t ,he 0 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 s t ,he might be ! natural ,son ( ,god & ( man4 ,b x is natural to ,him 9 reg>d to ! ,div9e ,nature1 inasmu* z ! ,div9e ,nature is ! active pr9ciple ( ?is grace2 & ?is belongs to ! :ole ,tr9ity--to wit1 to be ! active pr9ciple ( ?is grace4 ,,"q #c ,,( ,,! ,,mode ,,( ,,union ,,on ,,! ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,p]son ,,assum+ 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! union on ! "p ( ! ,p]son assum+1 & "u ?is head !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r to assume is befitt+ to a ,div9e ,p]son8 7#b7 ,:e!r x is befitt+ to ! ,div9e ,nature8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! ,nature ab/ract$ f ! ,p]sonality c assume8 7#d7 ,:e!r "o ,p]son c assume )\t ano!r8 7#e7 ,:e!r ea* ,p]son c assume8 7#f7 ,:e!r sev]al ,p]sons c assume "o individual nature8 7#g7 ,:e!r "o ,p]son c assume two individual natures8 7#h7 ,:e!r x 0 m fitt+ = ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god to assume human nature ?an = ano!r ,div9e ,p]son8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #c1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,is ,befitt+ = a ,div9e ,p]son to ,assume8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x is n befitt+ to a ,div9e ,p]son to assume a creat$ nature4 ,= a ,div9e ,p]son signifies some?+ mo/ p]fect4 ,n[ no addition c be made to :at is p]fect4 ,!re=e1 s9ce to assume is to take to oneself1 & consequ5tly :at is assum$ is add$ to ! "o :o assumes1 x does n seem to be befitt+ to a ,div9e ,p]son to assume a creat$ nature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 t to :i* any?+ is assum$ is communicat$ 9 "s degree to :at is assum$ to x1 j z dignity is communicat$ to :osoev] is assum$ to a dignity4 ,b x is ( ! nature ( a p]son to be incommunicable1 z 0 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #bi1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e x is n befitt+ to a ,div9e ,p]son to assume1 i4e4 to take to ,himself4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 p]son is con/itut$ by nature4 ,b x is repugnant t ! ?+ con/itut$ %\ld assume ! con/itu5t1 s9ce ! effect does n act on its cause4 ,h5ce x is n befitt+ to a ,p]son to assume a nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 99,fulg5tius says 7,de ,fide ad ,petrum ii73 ,?is ,god1 i4e4 ! only-,begott5 "o1 took ! =m1 i4e4 ! nature1 ( a s]vant to ,8 own ,p]son4 ,b ! only-,begott5 ,god is a ,p]son4 ,!re=e x is befitt+ to a ,p]son to take1 i4e4 to assume a nature4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! ^w assumption are impli$ two ?+s1 viz4 ! pr9ciple & ! t]m ( ! act1 = to assume is to take some?+ to oneself4 ,n[ ( ?is assumption a ,p]son is bo? ! pr9ciple & ! t]m4 ,! pr9ciple--because x prop]ly belongs to a p]son to act1 & ?is assum+ ( fle% took place by ! ,div9e action4 ,likewise a ,p]son is ! t]m ( ?is assumption1 because1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b71 ! union took place 9 ! ,p]son1 & n 9 ! nature4 ,h5ce x is pla9 t to assume a nature is mo/ prop]ly befitt+ to a ,p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9ce ! ,div9e ,p]son is inf9ite1 no addition c be made to x3 ,h5ce ,cyril says 99,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 ,"p ,i1 *4 #bf3 ,we d n conceive ! mode ( conjunction to be accord+ to addition2 j z 9 ! union ( man ) ,god1 no?+ is add$ to ,god by ! grace ( adoption1 b :at is ,div9e is unit$ to man2 h5ce1 n ,god b man is p]fect$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,a ,div9e ,p]son is said to be incommunicable inasmu* z ,x _c be pr$icat$ ( sev]al supposita1 b no?+ prev5ts sev]al ?+s be+ pr$icat$ ( ! ,p]son4 ,h5ce x is n contr>y to ! nature ( p]son to be communicat$ s z to subsi/ 9 sev]al natures1 = ev5 9 a creat$ p]son sev]al natures may concur accid5tally1 z 9 ! p]son ( "o man we f9d quantity & quality4 ,b ?is is prop] to a ,div9e ,p]son1 on acc\nt ( its inf9ity1 t !re %\ld be a conc\rse ( natures 9 x1 n accid5tally1 b 9 subsi/5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #a71 ! human nature con/itutes a ,div9e ,p]son1 n simply1 b =asmu* z ! ,p]son is d5om9at$ f su* a nature4 ,= human nature does n make ! ,son ( ,man to be simply1 s9ce ,he 0 f et]nity1 b only to be man4 ,x is by ! ,div9e ,nature t a ,div9e ,p]son is con/itut$ simply4 ,h5ce ! ,div9e ,p]son is n said to assume ! ,div9e ,nature1 b to assume ! human nature4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #c1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,is ,befitt+ to ! ,div9e ,nature to ,assume8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x is n befitt+ to ! ,div9e ,nature to assume4 ,because1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a71 to assume is to take to oneself4 ,b ! ,div9e ,nature did n take to ,itself human nature1 = ! union did n take place 9 ! nature1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c74 ,h5ce x is n befitt+ to ! ,div9e ,nature to assume human nature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,div9e ,nature is common to ! ?ree ,p]sons4 ,if1 !re=e1 x is befitt+ to ! ,div9e ,nature to assume1 x consequ5tly is befitt+ to ! ?ree ,p]sons2 & ?us ! ,fa!r assum$ human nature ev5 z ! ,son1 :i* is errone\s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 to assume is to act4 ,b to act befits a p]son1 n a nature1 :i* is r tak5 to be ! pr9ciple by :i* ! ag5t acts4 ,!re=e to assume is n befitt+ to ! nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 7,fulg5tius7 says 7,de ,fide ad ,petrum ii73 ,t nature :i* rema9s et]nally begott5 ( ! ,fa!r 7i4e4 :i* is receiv$ f ! ,fa!r by et]nal g5]ation7 took our nature free ( s9 f ,8 ,"m4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #a71 9 ! ^w assumption two ?+s are signifi$--to wit1 ! pr9ciple & ! t]m ( ! action4 ,n[ to be ! pr9ciple ( ! assumption belongs to ! ,div9e ,nature 9 itself1 because ! assumption took place by ,its p[]2 b to be ! t]m ( ! assumption does n belong to ! ,div9e ,nature 9 itself1 b by reason ( ! ,p]son 9 ,:om ,x is consid]$ to be4 ,h5ce a ,p]son is prim>ily & m prop]ly said to assume1 b x may be said second>ily t ! ,nature assum$ a nature to ,its ,p]son4 ,& aft] ! same mann] ! ,nature is also said to be inc>nate1 n t x is *ang$ to fle%1 b t x assum$ ! nature ( fle%4 ,h5ce ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f73 ,foll[+ ! bless$ ,a?anasius & ,cyril we say t ! ,nature ( ,god is inc>nate4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,oneself is reciprocal1 & po9ts to ! same suppositum4 ,b ! ,div9e ,nature is n a di/9ct suppositum f ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w4 ,h5ce1 inasmu* z ! ,div9e ,nature took human nature to ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w1 ,x is said to take x to ,itself4 ,b al?\gh ! ,fa!r takes human nature to ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w1 ,he did n !reby take x to ,himself1 = ! suppositum ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son is n "o1 & h5ce x _c prop]ly be said t ! ,fa!r assumes human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:at is befitt+ to ! ,div9e ,nature 9 ,itself is befitt+ to ! ?ree ,p]sons1 z goodness1 wisdom1 & ! l4 ,b to assume belongs to ,x by reason ( ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w1 z 0 said above1 & h5ce x is befitt+ to t ,p]son alone4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z 9 ,god :at is & :]eby x is are ! same1 s likewise 9 ,him :at acts & :]eby x acts are ! same1 s9ce ev]y?+ acts1 inasmu* z x is a be+4 ,h5ce ! ,div9e ,nature is bo? t :]eby ,god acts1 & ! v ,god ,:o acts4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #c1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,nature ,ab/ract$ f ! ,p]sonality ,c ,assume8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t if we ab/ract ! ,p]sonality by our m9d1 ! ,nature _c assume4 ,= x 0 said above 7,a4 #a7 t x belongs to ! ,nature to assume by reason ( ! ,p]son4 ,b :at belongs to "o by reason ( ano!r _c belong to x if ! o!r is remov$2 z a body1 :i* is visible by reason ( color1 )\t color _c be se54 ,h5ce if ! ,p]sonality be m5tally ab/ract$1 ! ,nature _c assume4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 assumption implies ! t]m ( union1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a74 ,b ! union _c take place 9 ! nature1 b only 9 ! ,p]son4 ,!re=e1 if ! ,p]sonality be ab/ract$1 ! ,div9e ,nature _c assume4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x has be5 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #dj1 ,a4 #c7 t 9 ! ,godhead if ! ,p]sonality is ab/ract$1 no?+ rema9s4 ,b ! "o :o assumes is some?+4 ,!re=e1 if ! ,p]sonality is ab/ract$1 ! ,div9e ,nature _c assume4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,9 ! ,godhead ,p]sonality signifies a p]sonal prop]ty2 & ?is is ?reefold1 viz4 ,pat]nity1 ,filiation & ,procession1 z 0 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #cj1 ,a4 #b74 ,n[ if we m5tally ab/ract ^!1 !re /ill rema9s ! omnipot5ce ( ,god1 by :i* ! ,inc>nation 0 wr\ght1 z ! angel says 7,luke #a3cg73 ,no ^w %all be impossible ) ,god4 ,!re=e x seems t if ! ,p]sonality be remov$1 ! ,div9e ,nature c /ill assume4 ,i answ] t1 ,! intellect /&s 9 two ways t[>ds ,god4 ,fir/1 to "k ,god z ,he is1 & 9 ?is mann] x is impossible = ! intellect to circumscribe some?+ 9 ,god & leave ! re/1 = all t is 9 ,god is "o1 except ! di/9ction ( ,p]sons2 & z reg>ds ^!1 if "o is remov$ ! o!r is tak5 away1 s9ce !y are di/+ui%$ by relations only :i* mu/ be toge!r at ! same "t4 ,secondly1 ! intellect /&s t[>ds ,god1 n inde$ z kn[+ ,god z ,he is1 b 9 its own way1 i4e4 und]/&+ manifoldly & sep>ately :at 9 ,god is "o3 & 9 ?is way our intellect c und]/& ! ,div9e goodness & wisdom1 & ! l1 :i* are call$ ess5tial attributes1 )\t und]/&+ ,pat]nity or ,filiation1 :i* are call$ ,p]sonalities4 ,& h5ce if we ab/ract ,p]sonality by our intellect1 we may /ill und]/& ! ,nature assum+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,because 9 ,god :at is1 & :]eby x is1 are "o1 if any "o ( ! ?+s :i* are attribut$ to ,god 9 ! ab/ract is consid]$ 9 itself1 ab/ract$ f all else1 x w /ill be some?+ subsi/+1 & consequ5tly a ,p]son1 s9ce x is an intellectual nature4 ,h5ce j z we n[ say ?ree ,p]sons1 on acc\nt ( hold+ ?ree p]sonal prop]ties1 s likewise if we m5tally exclude ! p]sonal prop]ties !re w /ill rema9 9 our ?\ght ! ,div9e ,nature z subsi/+ & z a ,p]son4 ,& 9 ?is way ,x may be und]/ood to assume human nature by reason ( ,its subsi/5ce or ,p]sonality4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ev5 if ! p]sonal prop]ties ( ! ?ree ,p]sons are ab/ract$ by our m9d1 nev]!less !re w rema9 9 our ?\ghts ! "o ,p]sonality ( ,god1 z ! ,jews consid]4 ,& ! assumption c be t]m9at$ 9 ,x1 z we n[ say x is t]m9at$ 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if we m5tally ab/ract ! ,p]sonality1 x is said t no?+ rema9s by way ( resolution1 i4e4 z if ! subject ( ! relation & ! relation itself 7 di/9ct because all we c ?9k ( 9 ,god is consid]$ z a subsi/+ suppositum4 ,h[ev]1 "s ( ! ?+s pr$icat$ ( ,god c be und]/ood )\t o!rs1 n by way ( resolution1 b by ! way m5tion$ above4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #c1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,"o ,p]son ,)\t ,ano!r ,c ,assume a ,creat$ ,nature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t "o ,p]son _c assume a creat$ nature )\t ano!r assum+ x4 ,= ! works ( ! ,tr9ity are insep>able1 z ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xxxviii74 ,b z ! ?ree ,p]sons h "o ess5ce1 s likewise ,!y h "o op]ation4 ,n[ to assume is an op]ation4 ,!re=e x _c belong to "o )\t belong+ to ano!r4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z we say ! ,p]son ( ! ,son became inc>nate1 s also did ! ,nature2 = ! :ole ,div9e ,nature became inc>nate 9 "o ( ,its hypo/ases1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f74 ,b ! ,nature is common to ! ?ree ,p]sons4 ,!re=e ! assumption is4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ is assum$ by ,god1 s likewise are m5 assum$ by ,him ?r\gh grace1 accord+ to ,rom4 #ad3c3 ,god ha? tak5 him to ,him4 ,b ?is assumption p]ta9s to all ! ,p]sons2 !re=e ! fir/ also4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 ii7 t ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation p]ta9s to discrete !ology1 i4e4 accord+ to :i* some?+ di/9ct is said ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #a71 assumption implies two ?+s1 viz4 ! act ( assum+ & ! t]m ( assumption4 ,n[ ! act ( assumption proce$s f ! ,div9e p[]1 :i* is common to ! ?ree ,p]sons1 b ! t]m ( ! assumption is a ,p]son1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,h5ce :at has to d ) action 9 ! assumption is common to ! ?ree ,p]sons2 b :at p]ta9s to ! nature ( t]m belongs to "o ,p]son 9 su* a mann] z n to belong to ano!r2 = ! ?ree ,p]sons caus$ ! human nature to be unit$ to ! "o ,p]son ( ! ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is reason reg>ds ! op]ation1 & ! conclusion w\ld foll[ if x impli$ ?is op]ation only1 )\t ! t]m1 :i* is a ,p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,nature is said to be inc>nate1 & to assume by reason ( ! ,p]son 9 ,:om ! union is t]m9at$1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b71 & n z x is common to ! ?ree ,p]sons4 ,n[ ! :ole ,div9e ,nature is said to be inc>nate2 n t ,x is inc>nate 9 all ! ,p]sons1 b inasmu* z no?+ is want+ to ! p]fection ( ! ,div9e ,nature ( ! ,p]son inc>nate1 z ,damasc5e expla9s !re4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! assumption :i* takes place by ! grace ( adoption is t]m9at$ 9 a c]ta9 p>ticipation ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 by an assimilation to ,its goodness1 accord+ to #b ,pet4 #a3d3 ,t y may be made p>tak]s ( ! ,div9e ,nature2 & h5ce ?is assumption is common to ! ?ree ,p]sons1 9 reg>d to ! pr9ciple & ! t]m4 ,b ! assumption :i* is by ! grace ( union is common on ! "p ( ! pr9ciple1 b n on ! "p ( ! t]m1 z 0 said above4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #c1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,ea* ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons ,c\ld ,h ,assum$ ,human ,nature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t no o!r ,div9e ,p]son c\ld h assum$ human nature except ! ,p]son ( ! ,son4 ,= by ?is assumption x has be5 br\ght ab\t t ,god is ! ,son ( ,man4 ,b x 0 n becom+ t ei!r ! ,fa!r or ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld be said to be a ,son2 = ?is w\ld t5d to ! confusion ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons4 ,!re=e ! ,fa!r & ,holy ,gho/ c\ld n h assum$ fle%4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by ! ,div9e ,inc>nation m5 h come into possession ( ! adoption ( sons1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3ae3 ,= y h n receiv$ ! _s ( bondage aga9 9 fe>1 b ! _s ( adoption ( sons4 ,b son%ip by adoption is a p>ticipat$ lik5ess ( natural son%ip :i* does n belong to ! ,fa!r nor ! ,holy ,gho/2 h5ce x is said 7,rom4 #h3bi73 ,= :om ,he =eknew ,he also pr$e/9at$ to be made con=mable to ! image ( ,8 ,son4 ,!re=e x seems t no o!r ,p]son except ! ,p]son ( ! ,son c\ld h become inc>nate4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,son is said to be s5t & to be begott5 by ! temporal nativity1 inasmu* z ,he became inc>nate4 ,b x does n belong to ! ,fa!r to be s5t1 = ,he is innascible1 z 0 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #c2 ,fir/ ,"p1 ,q4 #dc1 ,a4 #d74 ,!re=e at lea/ ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r _c become inc>nate4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:atev] ! ,son c d1 s c ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/1 o!rwise ! p[] ( ! ?ree ,p]sons w\ld n be "o4 ,b ! ,son 0 able to become inc>nate4 ,!re=e ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/ 7 able to become inc>nate4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b1 #d71 assumption implies two ?+s1 viz4 ! act ( ! "o assum+ & ! t]m ( ! assumption4 ,n[ ! pr9ciple ( ! act is ! ,div9e p[]1 & ! t]m is a ,p]son4 ,b ! ,div9e p[] is indiff]5tly & commonly 9 all ! ,p]sons4 ,moreov]1 ! nature ( ,p]sonality is common to all ! ,p]sons1 al?\gh ! p]sonal prop]ties are diff]5t4 ,n[ :5ev] a p[] reg>ds sev]al ?+s indiff]5tly1 x c t]m9ate its action 9 any ( !m indiff]5tly1 z is pla9 9 rational p[]s1 :i* reg>d opposites1 & c d ei!r ( !m4 ,!re=e ! ,div9e p[] c\ld h unit$ human nature to ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r or ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 z ,x unit$ x to ! ,p]son ( ! ,son4 ,& h5ce we mu/ say t ! ,fa!r or ! ,holy ,gho/ c\ld h assum$ fle% ev5 z ! ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! temporal son%ip1 :]eby ,*ri/ is said to be ! ,son ( ,man1 does n con/itute ,8 ,p]son1 z does ! et]nal ,son%ip2 b is some?+ foll[+ ^u ! temporal nativity4 ,h5ce1 if ! "n ( son 7 transf]r$ to ! ,fa!r or ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ?is mann]1 !re w\ld be no confusion ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,adoptive son%ip is a c]ta9 p>ticipation ( natural son%ip2 b x takes place 9 u1 by appropriation1 by ! ,fa!r1 ,:o is ! pr9ciple ( natural son%ip1 & by ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o is ! love ( ! ,fa!r & ,son1 accord+ to ,gal4 #d3f3 ,god ha? s5t ! ,_s ( ,8 ,son into y\r he>ts cry+1 ,abba1 ,fa!r4 ,& !re=e1 ev5 z by ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,son we receive adoptive son%ip 9 ! lik5ess ( ,8 natural son%ip1 s likewise1 _h ! ,fa!r become inc>nate1 we %\ld h receiv$ adoptive son%ip f ,him1 z f ! pr9ciple ( ! natural son%ip1 & f ! ,holy ,gho/ z f ! common bond ( ,fa!r & ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x belongs to ! ,fa!r to be innascible z to et]nal bir?1 & ! temporal bir? w\ld n de/roy ?is4 ,b ! ,son ( ,god is said to be s5t 9 reg>d to ! ,inc>nation1 inasmu* z ,he is f ano!r1 )\t :i* ! ,inc>nation w\ld n suffice = ! nature ( mission4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #c1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,sev]al ,div9e ,p]sons ,c ,assume ,"o & ! ,same ,individual ,nature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t two ,div9e ,p]sons _c assume "o & ! same individual nature4 ,=1 ?is be+ grant$1 !re w\ld ei!r be sev]al m5 or "o4 ,b n sev]al1 = j z "o ,div9e ,nature 9 sev]al ,p]sons does n make sev]al gods1 s "o human nature 9 sev]al p]sons does n make sev]al m54 ,nor w\ld !re be only "o man1 = "o man is ?is man1 :i* signifies "o p]son2 & h5ce ! di/9ction ( ?ree ,div9e ,p]sons w\ld be de/roy$1 :i* _c be all[$4 ,!re=e nei!r two nor ?ree ,p]sons c take "o human nature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! assumption is t]m9at$ 9 ! unity ( ,p]son1 z has be5 said above 7,a4 #b74 ,b ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/ are n "o ,p]son4 ,!re=e ! ?ree ,p]sons _c assume "o human nature4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #c1 #d71 & ,augu/9e 7,de ,tr94 i1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac71 t f ! ,inc>nation ( ,god ! ,son x foll[s t :atev] is said ( ! ,son ( ,god is said ( ! ,son ( ,man1 & conv]sely4 ,h5ce1 if ?ree ,p]sons 7 to assume "o human nature1 x w\ld foll[ t :atev] is said ( ea* ( ! ?ree ,p]sons w\ld be said ( ! man2 & conv]sely1 :at 0 said ( ! man c\ld be said ( ea* ( ! ?ree ,p]sons4 ,!re=e :at is prop] to ! ,fa!r1 viz4 to beget ! ,son1 w\ld be said ( ! man1 & consequ5tly w\ld be said ( ! ,son ( ,god2 & ?is c\ld n be4 ,!re=e x is impossible t ! ?ree ,p]sons %\ld assume "o human nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,inc>nate ,p]son subsi/s 9 two natures4 ,b ! ?ree ,p]sons c subsi/ 9 "o ,div9e ,nature4 ,!re=e !y c also subsi/ 9 "o human nature 9 su* a way t ! human nature be assum$ by ! ?ree ,p]sons4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #e1 ad #a71 by ! union ( ! s\l & body 9 ,*ri/ nei!r a new p]son is made nor a new hypo/asis1 b "o human nature is assum$ to ! ,div9e ,p]son or hypo/asis1 :i*1 inde$1 does n take place by ! p[] ( ! human nature1 b by ! p[] ( ! ,div9e ,p]son4 ,n[ su* is ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons t "o does n exclude ano!r f communicat+ 9 ! same nature1 b only 9 ! same ,p]son4 ,h5ce1 s9ce 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! :ole reason ( ! de$ is ! p[] ( ! do]1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volusianum cxxxvii71 we mu/ judge ( x 9 reg>d to ! quality ( ! ,div9e ,p]son assum+1 & n accord+ to ! quality ( ! human nature assum$4 ,!re=e x is n impossible t two or ?ree ,div9e ,p]sons %\ld assume "o human nature1 b x w\ld be impossible = !m to assume "o human hypo/asis or p]son2 ?us ,anselm says 9 ! book ,de ,concep4 ,virg4 7,cur ,deus ,homo ii1 #i71 t sev]al ,p]sons _c assume "o & ! same man to unity ( ,p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ! hypo!sis t ?ree ,p]sons assume "o human nature1 x w\ld be true to say t ! ?ree ,p]sons 7 "o man1 because ( ! "o human nature4 ,= j z x is n[ true to say ! ?ree ,p]sons are "o ,god on acc\nt ( ! "o ,div9e ,nature1 s x w\ld be true to say !y are "o man on acc\nt ( ! "o human nature4 ,nor w\ld "o imply unity ( p]son1 b unity 9 human nature2 = x c\ld n be argu$ t because ! ?ree ,p]sons 7 "o man !y 7 "o simply4 ,= no?+ h9d]s our say+ t m51 :o are _m simply1 are 9 "s respect "o1 e4g4 "o p1 & z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 vi1 #c73 ,! ,_s ( ,god & ! _s ( man are by nature diff]5t1 b by inh]5ce "o _s results1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #f3ag3 ,he :o is jo9$ to ! ,"l is "o _s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ?is supposition ! human nature w\ld be assum$ to ! unity1 n inde$ ( "o ,p]son1 b to ! unity ( ea* ,p]son1 s t ev5 z ! ,div9e ,nature has a natural unity ) ea* ,p]son1 s also ! human nature w\ld h a unity ) ea* ,p]son by assumption4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 !re results a communication ( ! prop]ties belong+ to ! nature1 because :atev] belongs to ! nature c be pr$icat$ ( ! ,p]son subsi/+ 9 t nature1 no matt] to :i* ( ! natures x may apply4 ,h5ce 9 ?is hypo!sis1 ( ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r may be pr$icat$ :at belongs to ! human nature & :at belongs to ! ,div9e2 & likewise ( ! ,p]son ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b :at belongs to ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r by reason ( ,8 own ,p]son c\ld n be attribut$ to ! ,p]son ( ! ,son or ,holy ,gho/ on acc\nt ( ! di/9ction ( ,p]sons :i* w\ld /ill rema94 ,!re=e x might be said t z ! ,fa!r 0 unbegott51 s ! man 0 unbegott51 inasmu* z man /ood = ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r4 ,b if "o 7 to g on to say1 ,! man is unbegott52 ! ,son is man2 !re=e ! ,son is unbegott51 x w\ld be ! fallacy ( figure ( spee* or ( accid5t2 ev5 z we n[ say ,god is unbegott51 because ! ,fa!r is unbegott51 yet we _c conclude t ! ,son is unbegott51 al?\gh ,he is ,god4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #c1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,"o ,div9e ,p]son ,c ,assume ,two ,human ,natures8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t "o ,div9e ,p]son _c assume two human natures4 ,= ! nature assum$ 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation has no o!r suppositum ?an ! suppositum ( ! ,div9e ,p]son1 z is pla9 f :at has be5 /at$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #c1 #f74 ,!re=e1 if we suppose "o ,p]son to assume two human natures1 !re w\ld be "o suppositum ( two natures ( ! same species2 :i* w\ld seem to imply a contradiction1 = ! nature ( "o species is only multipli$ by di/9ct supposita4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ?is hypo!sis x c\ld n be said t ! ,div9e ,p]son inc>nate 0 "o man1 see+ t ,he w\ld n h "o human nature2 nei!r c\ld x be said t !re 7 sev]al1 = sev]al m5 h di/9ct supposita1 :]eas 9 ?is case !re w\ld be only "o suppositum4 ,!re=e ! a=esaid hypo!sis is impossible4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! :ole ,div9e ,nature is unit$ to ! :ole nature assum$1 i4e4 to e "p ( x1 = ,*ri/ is p]fect ,god & p]fect man1 complete ,god & complete man1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #g74 ,b two human natures _c be :olly unit$ toge!r1 inasmu* z ! s\l ( "o w\ld be unit$ to ! body ( ! o!r2 &1 aga91 two bodies w\ld be toge!r1 :i* w\ld give rise to confusion ( natures4 ,!re=e x is n possibly = "o ,div9e ,p]son to assume two human natures4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:atev] ! ,fa!r c d1 t also c ! ,son d4 ,b aft] ! ,inc>nation ! ,fa!r c /ill assume a human nature di/9ct f t :i* ! ,son has assum$2 = 9 no?+ is ! p[] ( ! ,fa!r or ! ,son less5$ by ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,son4 ,!re=e x seems t aft] ! ,inc>nation ! ,son c assume ano!r human nature di/9ct f ! "o ,he has assum$4 ,i answ] t1 ,:at has p[] = "o ?+1 & no m1 has a p[] limit$ to "o4 ,n[ ! p[] ( a ,div9e ,p]son is inf9ite1 nor c x be limit$ by any creat$ ?+4 ,h5ce x may n be said t a ,div9e ,p]son s assum$ "o human nature z to be unable to assume ano!r4 ,= x w\ld seem to foll[ f ?is t ! ,p]sonality ( ! ,div9e ,nature 0 s compreh5d$ by "o human nature z to be unable to assume ano!r to its ,p]sonality2 & ?is is impossible1 = ! ,uncreat$ _c be compreh5d$ by any creature4 ,h5ce x is pla9 t1 :e!r we consid] ! ,div9e ,p]son 9 reg>d to ,8 p[]1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( ! union1 or 9 reg>d to ,8 ,p]sonality1 :i* is ! t]m ( ! union1 x has to be said t ! ,div9e ,p]son1 ov] & beyond ! human nature :i* ,he has assum$1 c assume ano!r di/9ct human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,a creat$ nature is complet$ 9 its ess5tials by its =m1 :i* is multipli$ accord+ to ! division ( matt]4 ,& h5ce1 if ! composition ( matt] & =m con/itutes a new suppositum1 ! consequ5ce is t ! nature is multipli$ by ! multiplication ( supposita4 ,b 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! union ( =m & matt]1 i4e4 ( s\l & body1 does n con/itute a new suppositum1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #f74 ,h5ce !re c be a num]ical multitude on ! "p ( ! nature1 on acc\nt ( ! division ( matt]1 )\t di/9ction ( supposita4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x might seem possible to reply t 9 su* a hypo!sis x w\ld foll[ t !re 7 two m5 by reason ( ! two natures1 j z1 on ! contr>y1 ! ?ree ,p]sons w\ld be call$ "o man1 on acc\nt ( ! "o nature assum$1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #f1 ad #a74 ,b ?is does n seem to be true2 because we mu/ use words accord+ to ! purpose ( _! signification1 :i* is 9 relation to our surr\nd+s4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ord] to judge ( a ^w's signification or co-signification1 we mu/ consid] ! ?+s :i* are ar\nd u1 9 :i* a ^w d]iv$ f "s =m is nev] us$ 9 ! plural unless !re are sev]al supposita4 ,= a man :o has on two g>m5ts is n said to be two p]sons clo!d1 b "o clo!d ) two g>m5ts2 & :oev] has two qualities is designat$ 9 ! s+ul> z su* by reason ( ! two qualities4 ,n[ ! assum$ nature is1 z x 71 a g>m5t1 al?\gh ?is similitude does n fit at all po9ts1 z has be5 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #f1 ad #a74 ,& h5ce1 if ! ,div9e ,p]son 7 to assume two human natures1 ,he w\ld be call$1 on acc\nt ( ! unity ( suppositum1 "o man hav+ two human natures4 ,n[ _m m5 are said to be "o p1 inasmu* z !y h "s "o ?+ 9 common1 & n on acc\nt ( ! unity ( suppositum4 ,s likewise1 if two ,div9e ,p]sons 7 to assume "o s+ul> human nature1 !y w\ld be said to be "o man1 z /at$ 7,a4 #f1 ad #a71 n f ! unity ( suppositum1 b because !y h "s "o ?+ 9 common4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,div9e & human natures d n be> ! same relation to ! "o ,div9e ,p]son1 b ! ,div9e ,nature is relat$ fir/ ( all !reto1 inasmu* z ,x is "o ) ,x f et]nity2 & aft]w>ds ! human nature is relat$ to ! ,div9e ,p]son1 inasmu* z x is assum$ by ! ,div9e ,p]son 9 "t1 n inde$ t ! nature is ! ,p]son1 b t ! ,p]son ( ,god subsi/s 9 human nature4 ,= ! ,son ( ,god is ,8 ,godhead1 b is n ,8 manhood4 ,& h5ce1 9 ord] t ! human nature may be assum$ by ! ,div9e ,p]son1 ! ,div9e ,nature mu/ be unit$ by a p]sonal union ) ! :ole nature assum$1 i4e4 9 all its p>ts4 ,n[ 9 ! two natures assum$ !re w\ld be a uni=m relation to ! ,div9e ,p]son1 nor w\ld "o assume ! o!r4 ,h5ce x w\ld n be necess>y = "o ( !m to be altoge!r unit$ to ! o!r1 i4e4 all ! p>ts ( "o ) all ! p>ts ( ! o!r4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #c1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r x 0 m fitt+ t ! ,p]son ( ! ,son r ?an any o!r ,div9e ,p]son %\ld assume human nature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n m fitt+ t ! ,son ( ,god %\ld become inc>nate ?an ! ,fa!r or ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= by ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation m5 are l$ to ! true k ( ,god1 accord+ to ,john #ah3cg3 ,= ?is 0 ,i born1 & = ?is came ,i into ! _w1 to give te/imony to ! tru?4 ,b by ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god becom+ inc>nate _m h be5 kept back f ! true k ( ,god1 s9ce !y ref]r$ to ! v ,p]son ( ! ,son :at 0 said ( ! ,son 9 ,8 human nature1 z ,arius1 :o held an inequality ( ,p]sons1 accord+ to :at is said 7,john #ad3bh73 ,! ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i4 ,n[ ?is error w\ld n h aris5 if ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r _h become inc>nate1 = no "o w\ld h tak5 ! ,fa!r to be less ?an ! ,son4 ,h5ce x seems fitt+ t ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r1 r ?an ! ,p]son ( ! ,son1 %\ld h become inc>nate4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! effect ( ! ,inc>nation w\ld seem to be1 z x 71 a second creation ( human nature1 accord+ to ,gal4 #f3ae3 ,= 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus nei!r circumcision availe? any?+1 nor uncircumcision1 b a new creature4 ,b ! p[] ( creation is appropriat$ to ! ,fa!r4 ,!re=e x w\ld h be5 m becom+ to ! ,fa!r ?an to ! ,son to become inc>nate4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,inc>nation is orda9$ to ! remission ( s9s1 accord+ to ,matt4 #a3ba3 ,?\ %alt call ,8 "n ,jesus4 ,= ,he %all save ,8 p f _! s9s4 ,n[ ! remission ( s9s is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/ accord+ to ,john #bj3bb1 #bc3 ,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,^: s9s y %all =give1 !y are =giv5 !m4 ,!re=e x became ! ,p]son ( ! ,holy ,gho/ r ?an ! ,p]son ( ! ,son to become inc>nate4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #a73 ,9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! wisdom & p[] ( ,god are made kn[n3 ! wisdom1 = ,he f\nd a mo/ suitable dis*>ge = a mo/ heavy debt2 ! p[]1 = ,he made ! conqu]$ conqu]4 ,b p[] & wisdom are appropriat$ to ! ,son1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #a3bd3 ,*ri/1 ! p[] ( ,god & ! wisdom ( ,god4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ! ,p]son ( ! ,son %\ld become inc>nate4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 mo/ fitt+ t ! ,p]son ( ! ,son %\ld become inc>nate4 ,fir/1 on ! "p ( ! union2 = su* z are simil> are fitt+ly unit$4 ,n[ ! ,p]son ( ! ,son1 ,:o is ! ,^w ( ,god1 has a c]ta9 common agreem5t ) all creatures1 because ! ^w ( ! craftsman1 i4e4 8 concept1 is an exempl> lik5ess ( :atev] is made by him4 ,h5ce ! ,^w ( ,god1 ,:o is ,8 et]nal concept1 is ! exempl> lik5ess ( all creatures4 ,& !re=e z creatures are e/abli%$ 9 _! prop] species1 ?\gh movably1 by ! p>ticipation ( ?is lik5ess1 s by ! non-p>ticipat$ & p]sonal union ( ! ,^w ) a creature1 x 0 fitt+ t ! creature %\ld be re/or$ 9 ord] to its et]nal & un*angeable p]fection2 = ! craftsman by ! intelligible =m ( 8 art1 :]eby he fa%ion$ 8 h&iwork1 re/ores x :5 x has fall5 into ru94 ,moreov]1 ,he has a p>ticul> agreem5t ) human nature1 s9ce ! ,^w is a concept ( ! et]nal ,wisdom1 f ,:om all man's wisdom is d]iv$4 ,& h5ce man is p]fect$ 9 wisdom 7:i* is 8 prop] p]fection1 z he is rational7 by p>ticipat+ ! ,^w ( ,god1 z ! disciple is in/ruct$ by receiv+ ! ^w ( 8 ma/]4 ,h5ce x is said 7,ecclus4 #a3e73 ,! ,^w ( ,god on high is ! f\nta9 ( wisdom4 ,& h5ce = ! consummate p]fection ( man x 0 fitt+ t ! v ,^w ( ,god %\ld be p]sonally unit$ to human nature4 ,secondly1 ! reason ( ?is fitness may be tak5 f ! end ( ! union1 :i* is ! fulfill+ ( pr$e/9ation1 i4e4 ( su* z are preorda9$ to ! heav5ly inh]itance1 :i* is be/[$ only on sons1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3ag3 ,if sons1 heirs also4 ,h5ce x 0 fitt+ t by ,him ,:o is ! natural ,son1 m5 %\ld %>e ?is lik5ess ( son%ip by adoption1 z ! ,apo/le says 9 ! same *apt] 7,rom4 #h3bi73 ,= :om ,he =eknew1 ,he also pr$e/9at$ to be made con=mable to ! image ( ,8 ,son4 ,?irdly1 ! reason = ?is fitness may be tak5 f ! s9 ( our fir/ p>5t1 = :i* ! ,inc>nation suppli$ ! rem$y4 ,= ! fir/ man s9n$ by seek+ k1 z is pla9 f ! words ( ! s]p5t1 promis+ to man ! k ( good & evil4 ,h5ce x 0 fitt+ t by ! ,^w ( true k man might be l$ back to ,god1 hav+ w&]$ f ,god ?r\gh an inord9ate ?ir/ = k4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,!re is no?+ :i* human malice _c abuse1 s9ce x ev5 abuses ,god's goodness1 accord+ to ,rom4 #b3d3 ,or despise/ ?\ ! ri*es ( ,8 goodness8 ,h5ce1 ev5 if ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r _h become inc>nate1 m5 w\ld h be5 capable ( f9d+ an occasion ( error1 z ?\gh ! ,son 7 n able to re/ore human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! fir/ creation ( ?+s 0 made by ! p[] ( ,god ! ,fa!r ?r\gh ! ,^w2 h5ce ! second creation ought to h be5 br\ght ab\t ?r\gh ! ,^w1 by ! p[] ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 9 ord] t re/oration %\ld correspond to creation accord+ to #b ,cor4 #e3ai3 ,= ,god inde$ 0 9 ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! _w to ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,to be ! gift ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son is prop] to ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b ! remission ( s9s is caus$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 z by ! gift ( ,god4 ,& h5ce x 0 m fitt+ to man's ju/ification t ! ,son %\ld become inc>nate1 ,^: gift ! ,holy ,gho/ is4 ,,"q #d ,,( ,,! ,,mode ,,( ,,union ,,on ,,! ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,nature 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! union on ! "p ( :at 0 assum$4 ,ab\t :i* we mu/ consid] fir/ :at ?+s 7 assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god2 secondly1 :at 7 co-assum$1 :e!r p]fections or defects4 ,n[ ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature & its p>ts4 ,h5ce a ?reefold consid]ation arises4 ,fir/1 ) reg>d to ! nature2 secondly1 ) reg>d to its p>ts2 ?irdly1 ) reg>d to ! ord] ( ! assumption4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r human nature 0 m capable ( be+ assum$ ?an any o!r nature8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he assum$ a p]son8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he assum$ a man8 7#d7 ,:e!r x 0 becom+ t ,he %\ld assume human nature ab/ract$ f all individuals8 7#e7 ,:e!r x 0 becom+ t ,he %\ld assume human nature 9 all its individuals8 7#f7 ,:e!r x 0 becom+ t ,he %\ld assume human nature 9 any man begott5 ( ! /ock ( ,adam8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #d1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,human ,nature ,0 ,m ,assumable by ! ,son ( ,god ,?an ,any ,o!r ,nature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t human nature is n m capable ( be+ assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god ?an any o!r nature4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volusianum cxxxvii73 ,9 de$s wr\ght miracul\sly ! :ole reason ( ! de$ is ! p[] ( ! do]4 ,n[ ! p[] ( ,god ,:o wr\ght ! ,inc>nation1 :i* is a mo/ miracul\s "w1 is n limit$ to "o nature1 s9ce ! p[] ( ,god is inf9ite4 ,!re=e human nature is n m capable ( be+ assum$ ?an any o!r creature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 lik5ess is ! f\ndation ( ! fitt+ness ( ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,div9e ,p]son1 z above /at$ 7,q4 #c1 ,a4 #h74 ,b z 9 rational creatures we f9d ! lik5ess ( image1 s 9 irrational creatures we f9d ! image ( trace4 ,!re=e ! irrational creature 0 z capable ( assumption z human nature4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! angelic nature we f9d a m p]fect lik5ess ?an 9 human nature1 z ,gregory says3 7,hom4 de ,c5t4 ,ovib42 xxxiv 9 ,ev471 :]e he introduces ,eze*4 #bh3ab3 ,?\ wa/ ! seal ( resemblance4 ,& s9 is f\nd 9 angels1 ev5 z 9 man1 accord+ to ,job #d3ah3 ,& 9 ,8 angels ,he f\nd wick$ness4 ,!re=e ! angelic nature 0 z capable ( assumption z ! nature ( man4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 s9ce ! highe/ p]fection belongs to ,god1 ! m l to ,god a ?+ is1 ! m p]fect x is4 ,b ! :ole univ]se is m p]fect ?an its p>ts1 among/ :i* is human nature4 ,!re=e ! :ole univ]se is m capable ( be+ assum$ ?an human nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said 7,prov4 #h3ca7 by ! m\? ( ,begott5 ,wisdom3 ,my delights 7 to be ) ! *ildr5 ( m52 & h5ce !re w\ld seem "s fitness 9 ! union ( ! ,son ( ,god ) human nature4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ is said to be assumable z be+ capable ( be+ assum$ by a ,div9e ,p]son1 & ?is capability _c be tak5 ) ref]5ce to ! natural passive p[]1 :i* does n ext5d to :at transc5ds ! natural ord]1 z ! p]sonal union ( a creature ) ,god transc5ds x4 ,h5ce x foll[s t a ?+ is said to be assumable accord+ to "s fitness = su* a union4 ,n[ ?is fitness 9 human nature may be tak5 f two ?+s1 viz4 accord+ to its dignity1 & accord+ to its ne$4 ,accord+ to its dignity1 because human nature1 z be+ rational & intellectual1 0 made = atta9+ to ! ,^w to "s ext5t by its op]ation1 viz4 by kn[+ & lov+ ,him4 ,accord+ to its ne$--because x /ood 9 ne$ ( re/oration1 hav+ fall5 "u orig9al s94 ,n[ ^! two ?+s belong to human nature alone4 ,= 9 ! irrational creature ! fitness ( dignity is want+1 & 9 ! angelic nature ! a=esaid fitness ( ne$ is want+4 ,h5ce x foll[s t only human nature 0 assumable4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,creatures are said to be su* ) ref]5ce to _! prop] causes1 n ) ref]5ce to :at belongs to !m f _! fir/ & univ]sal causes2 ?us we call a disease incurable1 n t x _c be cur$ by ,god1 b t x _c be cur$ by ! prop] pr9ciples ( ! subject4 ,!re=e a creature is said to be n assumable1 n z if we )drew any?+ f ! p[] ( ,god1 b 9 ord] to %[ ! condition ( ! creature1 :i* has no capability = ?is4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! lik5ess ( image is f\nd 9 human nature1 =asmu* z x is capable ( ,god1 viz4 by atta9+ to ,him ?r\gh its own op]ation ( k & love4 ,b ! lik5ess ( trace reg>ds only a repres5tation by ,div9e impression1 exi/+ 9 ! creature1 & does n imply t ! irrational creature1 9 :i* su* a lik5ess is1 c atta9 to ,god by its own op]ation alone4 ,= :at does n come up to ! less1 has no fitness = ! great]2 z a body :i* is n fitt$ to be p]fect$ by a s5sitive s\l is mu* less fitt$ = an intellectual s\l4 ,n[ mu* great] & m p]fect is ! union ) ,god 9 p]sonal be+ ?an ! union by op]ation4 ,& h5ce ! irrational creature :i* falls %ort ( ! union ) ,god by op]ation has no fitness to be unit$ ) ,him 9 p]sonal be+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,"s say t angels are n assumable1 s9ce !y are p]fect 9 _! p]sonality f ! beg9n+ ( _! creation1 inasmu* z !y are n subject to g5]ation & corruption2 h5ce !y _c be assum$ to ! unity ( a ,div9e ,p]son1 unless _! p]sonality be de/roy$1 & ?is does n befit ! incorruptibility ( _! nature nor ! goodness ( ! "o assum+1 to ,:om x does n belong to corrupt any p]fection 9 ! creature assum$4 ,b ?is w\ld n seem totally to disprove ! fitness ( ! angelic nature = be+ assum$4 ,= ,god by produc+ a new angelic nature c\ld jo9 x to ,himself 9 unity ( ,p]son1 & 9 ?is way no?+ pre-exi/+ w\ld be corrupt$ 9 x4 ,b z 0 said above1 !re is want+ ! fitness ( ne$1 because1 al?\gh ! angelic nature 9 "s is ! subject ( s91 _! s9 is irrem$iable1 z /at$ above 7,i1 ,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! p]fection ( ! univ]se is n ! p]fection ( "o p]son or suppositum1 b ( some?+ :i* is "o by position or ord]1 :]e( v _m p>ts are n capable ( assumption1 z 0 said above4 ,h5ce x foll[s t only human nature is capable ( be+ assum$4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #d1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,assum$ a ,p]son8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ a p]son4 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa7 t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature 9 atomo1 i4e4 9 an individual4 ,b an individual 9 rational nature is a p]son1 z is pla9 f ,boe?ius 7,de ,duab4 ,nat474 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god assum$ a p]son4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f7 t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ :at ,he _h s[n 9 our nature4 ,b ,he s[$ our p]sonality !re4 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god assum$ a p]son4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no?+ is absorb$ unless x exi/4 ,b ,innoc5t ,,iii 99,pas*as4 ,diac41 ,de ,spiritu ,sanct4 ii says 9 a ,decretal t ! ,p]son ( ,god absorb$ ! p]son ( man4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t ! p]son ( man exi/$ previ\s to its be+ assum$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 99,fulg5tius says 7,de ,fide ad ,petrum ii7 t ,god assum$ ! nature1 n ! p]son1 ( man4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ is said to be assum$ inasmu* z x is tak5 into ano!r4 ,h5ce1 :at is assum$ mu/ be presuppos$ to ! assumption1 z :at is mov$ locally is presuppos$ to ! motion4 ,n[ a p]son 9 human nature is n presuppos$ to assumption2 r1 x is ! t]m ( ! assumption1 z 0 said 7,q4 #c1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,= if x 7 presuppos$1 x mu/ ei!r h be5 corrupt$--9 :i* case x 0 useless2 or x rema9s aft] ! union--& ?us !re w\ld be two p]sons1 "o assum+ & ! o!r assum$1 :i* is false1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #f74 ,h5ce x foll[s t ! ,son ( ,god n[ise assum$ a human p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature 9 atomo1 i4e4 9 an individual1 :i* is no o!r ?an ! uncreat$ suppositum1 ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce x does n foll[ t a p]son 0 assum$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,its prop] p]sonality is n want+ to ! nature assum$ ?r\gh ! loss ( any?+ p]ta9+ to ! p]fection ( ! human nature b ?r\gh ! addition ( some?+ :i* is above human nature1 viz4 ! union ) a ,div9e ,p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,absorption does n "h imply ! de/ruction ( any?+ pre-exi/+1 b ! h9d]+ :at might o!rwise h be54 ,= if ! human nature _h n be5 assum$ by a ,div9e ,p]son1 ! human nature w\ld h _h its own p]sonality2 & 9 ?is way is x said1 al?\gh improp]ly1 t ! ,p]son absorb$ ! p]son1 inasmu* z ! ,div9e ,p]son by ,8 union h9d]$ ! human nature f hav+ its p]sonality4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #d1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,div9e ,p]son ,assum$ a ,man8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,div9e ,p]son assum$ a man4 ,= x is writt5 7,ps4 #fd3e73 ,bless$ is he :om ,?\ ha/ *os5 & tak5 to ,!e1 :i* a gloss exp\nds ( ,*ri/2 & ,augu/9e says 7,de ,agone ,*ri/4 xi73 ,! ,son ( ,god assum$ a man1 & 9 him bore ?+s human4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ^w man signifies a human nature4 ,b ! ,son ( ,god assum$ a human nature4 ,!re=e ,he assum$ a man4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,son ( ,god is a man4 ,b ,he is n "o ( ! m5 ,he did n assume1 = ) equal reason ,he w\ld be ,pet] or any o!r man4 ,!re=e ,he is ! man :om ,he assum$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,is ! au?ority ( ,felix1 ,pope & ,m>tyr1 :i* is quot$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus3 ,we believe 9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 because ,he is ! ,et]nal ,son & ,^w ( ,god1 & n a man assum$ by ,god1 9 su* sort t !re is ano!r besides ,him4 ,= ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a man1 s t !re be ano!r besides ,him4 ,i answ] t1 ,z has be5 said above 7,a4 #b71 :at is assum$ is n ! t]m ( ! assumption1 b is presuppos$ to ! assumption4 ,n[ x 0 said 7,q4 #c1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b7 t ! individual to ,:om ! human nature is assum$ is none o!r ?an ! ,div9e ,p]son1 ,:o is ! t]m ( ! assumption4 ,n[ ?is ^w man signifies human nature1 z x is 9 a suppositum1 because1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #d1 #aa71 ?is ^w ,god signifies ,him ,:o has human nature4 ,& h5ce x _c prop]ly be said t ! ,son assum$ a man1 grant$ 7z x mu/ be1 9 fact7 t 9 ,*ri/ !re is b "o suppositum & "o hypo/asis4 ,b accord+ to su* z hold t !re are two hypo/ases or two supposita 9 ,*ri/1 x may fitt+ly & prop]ly be said t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ a man4 ,h5ce ! fir/ op9ion quot$ 9 ,s5t4 iii1 ,d4 #f1 grants t a man 0 assum$4 ,b ?is op9ion is errone\s1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #f74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^! phrases are n to be tak5 too lit]ally1 b are to be loyally expla9$1 :]ev] !y are us$ by holy doctors2 s z to say t a man 0 assum$1 inasmu* z 8 nature 0 assum$2 & because ! assumption t]m9at$ 9 ?is--t ! ,son ( ,god is man4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ^w man signifies human nature 9 ! concrete1 inasmu* z x is 9 a suppositum2 & h5ce1 s9ce we _c say a suppositum 0 assum$1 s we _c say a man 0 assum$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,son ( ,god is n ! man :om ,he assum$1 b ! man ^: nature ,he assum$4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #d1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,ought to ,h ,assum$ ,human ,nature ,ab/ract$ f ,all ,individuals8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god ought to h assum$ human nature ab/ract$ f all individuals4 ,= ! assumption ( human nature took place = ! common salvation ( all m52 h5ce x is said ( ,*ri/ 7#a ,tim4 #d3aj7 t ,he is ! ,savi\r ( all m51 especially ( ! fai?ful4 ,b nature z x is 9 individuals )draws f its univ]sality4 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god ought to h assum$ human nature z x is ab/ract$ f all individuals4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is noble/ 9 all ?+s ought to be attribut$ to ,god4 ,b 9 e g5us :at is ( itself is be/4 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god ought to h assum$ self-exi/+ 7p] se7 man1 :i*1 accord+ to ,platoni/s1 is human nature ab/ract$ f its individuals4 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god ought to h assum$ ?is4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 human nature 0 n assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! concrete z is signifi$ by ! ^w man1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #c74 ,n[ 9 ?is way x signifies human nature z x is 9 individuals1 z is pla9 f :at has be5 said 7,a4 #c74 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature z x is sep>at$ f individuals4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa73 ,god ! ,^w ,inc>nate did n assume a nature :i* exi/s 9 pure ?\ght2 = ?is w\ld h be5 no ,inc>nation1 b a false & fictiti\s ,inc>nation4 ,b human nature z x is sep>at$ or ab/ract$ f individuals is tak5 to be a pure conception1 s9ce x does n exi/ 9 itself1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa74 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god did n assume human nature1 z x is sep>at$ f individuals4 ,i answ] t1 ,! nature ( man or ( any o!r s5sible ?+1 beyond ! be+ :i* x has 9 individuals1 may be tak5 9 two ways3 fir/1 z if x _h be+ ( itself1 away f matt]1 z ! ,platoni/s held2 secondly1 z exi/+ 9 an intellect ei!r human or ,div9e4 ,n[ x _c subsi/ ( itself1 z ! ,philosoph] proves 7,metaph4 vii1 #bf1 #bg1 #bi1 #ea71 because s5sible matt] belongs to ! specific nature ( s5sible ?+s1 & is plac$ 9 its def9ition1 z fle% & bones 9 ! def9ition ( man4 ,h5ce human nature _c be )\t s5sible matt]4 ,nev]!less1 if human nature 7 subsi/5t 9 ?is way1 x w\ld n be fitt+ t x %\ld be assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,fir/1 because ?is assumption is t]m9at$ 9 a ,p]son1 & x is contr>y to ! nature ( a common =m to be ?us individualiz$ 9 a p]son4 ,secondly1 because to a common nature c only be attribut$ common & univ]sal op]ations1 accord+ to :i* man nei!r m]its nor dem]its1 :]eas1 on ! contr>y1 ! assumption took place 9 ord] t ! ,son ( ,god1 hav+ assum$ our nature1 might m]it = u4 ,?irdly1 because a nature s exi/+ w\ld n be s5sible1 b intelligible4 ,b ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature 9 ord] to %[ ,himself 9 m5's sight1 accord+ to ,b>u* #c3ch3 ,aft]w>ds ,he 0 se5 ^u e>?1 & conv]s$ ) m54 ,likewise1 nei!r c\ld human nature h be5 assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god1 z x is 9 ! ,div9e intellect1 s9ce x w\ld be none o!r ?an ! ,div9e ,nature2 &1 accord+ to ?is1 human nature w\ld be 9 ! ,son ( ,god f et]nity4 ,nei!r c we say t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature z x is 9 a human intellect1 = ?is w\ld mean no?+ else b t ,he is und]/ood to assume a human nature2 & ?us if ,he did n assume x 9 reality1 ?is w\ld be a false und]/&+2 nor w\ld ?is assumption ( ! human nature be any?+ b a fictiti\s ,inc>nation1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! inc>nate ,son ( ,god is ! common ,savi\r ( all1 n by a g5]ic or specific community1 su* z is attribut$ to ! nature sep>at$ f ! individuals1 b by a community ( cause1 :]eby ! inc>nate ,son ( ,god is ! univ]sal cause ( human salvation4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,self-exi/+ 7p] se7 man is n to be f\nd 9 nature 9 su* a way z to be outside ! s+ul>1 z ! ,platoni/s held1 al?\gh "s say ,plato believ$ t ! sep>ate man 0 only 9 ! ,div9e intellect4 ,& h5ce x 0 n necess>y = x to be assum$ by ! ,^w1 s9ce x _h be5 ) ,him f et]nity4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh human nature 0 n assum$ 9 ! concrete1 z if ! suppositum 7 presuppos$ to ! assumption1 nev]!less x is assum$ 9 an individual1 s9ce x is assum$ s z to be 9 an individual4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #d1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,ought to ,h ,assum$ ,human ,nature 9 ,all ,individuals8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god ought to h assum$ human nature 9 all individuals4 ,= :at is assum$ fir/ & by itself is human nature4 ,b :at belongs ess5tially to a nature belongs to all :o exi/ 9 ! nature4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t human nature %\ld be assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god 9 all its supposita4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,div9e ,inc>nation proce$$ f ,div9e ,love2 h5ce x is writt5 7,john #c3af73 ,god s lov$ ! _w z to give ,8 only-begott5 ,son4 ,b love makes u give ourselves to our fri5ds z mu* z we c1 & x 0 possible = ! ,son ( ,god to assume sev]al human natures1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #c1 ,a4 #g71 & ) equal reason all4 ,h5ce x 0 fitt+ = ! ,son ( ,god to assume human nature 9 all its supposita4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a skilful workman completes 8 "w 9 ! %orte/ mann] possible4 ,b x w\ld h be5 a %ort] way if all m5 _h be5 assum$ to ! natural son%ip ?an = "o natural ,son to lead _m to ! adoption ( sons1 z is writt5 ,gal4 #d3e 7cf4 ,heb4 #b3aj74 ,!re=e human nature ought to h be5 assum$ by ,god 9 all its supposita4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa7 t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume human nature z a species1 nor did ,he assume all its hypo/ases4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 unfitt+ = human nature to be assum$ by ! ,^w 9 all its supposita4 ,fir/1 because ! multitude ( supposita ( human nature1 :i* are natural to x1 w\ld h be5 tak5 away4 ,= s9ce we mu/ n see any o!r suppositum 9 ! assum$ nature1 except ! ,p]son assum+1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #c71 if !re 0 no human nature except :at 0 assum$1 x w\ld foll[ t !re 0 b "o suppositum ( human nature1 :i* is ! ,p]son assum+4 ,secondly1 because ?is w\ld h be5 d]ogatory to ! dignity ( ! inc>nate ,son ( ,god1 z ,he is ! ,fir/-born ( _m bre?r51 accord+ to ! human nature1 ev5 z ,he is ! ,fir/-born ( all creatures accord+ to ! ,div9e1 = !n all m5 w\ld be ( equal dignity4 ,?irdly1 because x is fitt+ t z "o ,div9e suppositum is inc>nate1 s ,he %\ld assume "o human nature1 s t on bo? sides unity might be f\nd4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,to be assum$ belongs to ! human nature ( itself1 because x does n belong to x by reason ( a p]son1 z x belongs to ! ,div9e ,nature to assume by reason ( ! ,p]son2 n1 h[ev]1 t x belongs to x ( itself z if belong+ to its ess5tial pr9ciples1 or z its natural prop]ty 9 :i* mann] x w\ld belong to all its supposita4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! love ( ,god to m5 is %[n n m]ely 9 ! assumption ( human nature1 b especially 9 :at ,he suff]$ 9 human nature = o!r m51 accord+ to ,rom4 #e3h3 ,b ,god comm5de? ,8 *>ity t[>ds u2 because :5 z yet we 7 s9n]s 4 4 4 ,*ri/ di$ = u1 :i* w\ld n h tak5 place _h ,he assum$ human nature 9 all its supposita4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ord] to %ort5 ! way1 :i* e skilful workman does1 :at c be done by "o mu/ n be done by _m4 ,h5ce x 0 mo/ fitt+ t by "o man all ! re/ %\ld be sav$4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #d1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ = ! ,son ( ,god to ,assume ,human ,nature ( ! ,/ock ( ,adam8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ = ! ,son ( ,god to assume human nature ( ! /ock ( ,adam1 = ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #g3bf73 ,= x 0 fitt+ t we %\ld h su* a high prie/ 4 4 4 sep>at$ f s9n]s4 ,b ,he w\ld h be5 /ill fur!r sep>at$ f s9n]s _h ,he n assum$ human nature ( ! /ock ( ,adam1 a s9n]4 ,h5ce x seems t ,he ought n to h assum$ human nature ( ! /ock ( ,adam4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 e g5us ! pr9ciple is nobl] ?an :at is f ! pr9ciple4 ,h5ce1 if ,he wi%$ to assume human nature1 ,he ought to h assum$ x 9 ,adam himself4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,g5tiles 7 great] s9n]s ?an ! ,jews1 z a gloss says on ,gal4 #b3ae3 ,= we by nature are ,jews1 & n ( ! ,g5tiles1 s9n]s4 ,h5ce1 if ,he wi%$ to assume human nature f s9n]s1 ,he ought r to h assum$ x f ! ,g5tiles ?an f ! /ock ( ,abraham1 :o 0 j4 ,on ! contr>y1 7,luke #c71 ! g5ealogy ( our ,"l is trac$ back to ,adam4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii1 #ah73 ,god 0 able to assume human nature else:]e ?an f ! /ock ( ,adam1 :o by 8 s9 _h fett]$ ! :ole human race2 yet ,god judg$ x bett] to assume human nature f ! vanqui%$ race1 & ?us to vanqui% ! enemy ( ! human race4 ,& ?is = ?ree reasons3 ,fir/1 because x w\ld seem to belong to ju/ice t he :o s9n$ %\ld make am5ds2 & h5ce t f ! nature :i* he _h corrupt$ %\ld be assum$ t :]eby satisfaction 0 to be made = ! :ole nature4 ,secondly1 x p]ta9s to man's great] dignity t ! conqu]or ( ! devil %\ld spr+ f ! /ock conqu]$ by ! devil4 ,?irdly1 because ,god's p[] is !reby made m manife/1 s9ce1 f a corrupt & weak5$ nature1 ,he assum$ t :i* 0 rais$ to su* might & glory4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ ought to be sep>at$ f s9n]s z reg>ds s91 :i* ,he came to ov]?r[1 & n z reg>ds nature :i* ,he came to save1 & 9 :i* x behoov$ ,him 9 all ?+s to be made l to ,8 bre?r51 z ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #b3ag74 ,& 9 ?is is ,8 innoc5ce ! m wond]ful1 see+ t ?\gh assum$ f a mass ta9t$ by s91 ,8 nature 0 end[$ ) su* purity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z 0 said above 7ad #a7 x behoov$ ,him ,:o came to take away s9s to be sep>at$ f s9n]s z reg>ds s91 to :i* ,adam 0 subject1 :om ,*ri/ br\ght out ( 8 s91 z is writt5 7,wis4 #aj3b74 ,= x behoov$ ,him ,:o came to cleanse all1 n to ne$ cleans+ ,himself2 j z 9 e g5us ( motion ! fir/ mov] is immovable z reg>ds t motion1 & ! fir/ to alt] is itself unalt]able4 ,h5ce x 0 n fitt+ t ,he %\ld assume human nature 9 ,adam himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,s9ce ,*ri/ ought especially to be sep>at$ f s9n]s z reg>ds s91 & to possess ! highe/ innoc5ce1 x 0 fitt+ t betwe5 ! fir/ s9n] & ,*ri/ "s j m5 %\ld /& midway1 9 :om c]ta9 =eca/s ( 7,87 future hol9ess %\ld %9e =?4 ,& h5ce1 ev5 9 ! p f :om ,*ri/ 0 to be born1 ,god appo9t$ signs ( hol9ess1 :i* began 9 ,abraham1 :o 0 ! fir/ to receive ! promise ( ,*ri/1 & circumcision1 z a sign t ! cov5ant %\ld be kept1 z is writt5 7,g54 #ag3aa74 ,,"q #e ,,( ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,human ,,nature ,,:i* ,,7 ,,assum$ 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! assumption ( ! p>ts ( human nature2 & "u ?is head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ought to h assum$ a true body8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he ought to h assum$ an e>?ly body1 i4e4 "o ( fle% & blood8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he ought to h assum$ a s\l8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he ought to h assum$ an intellect8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #e1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,ought to ,h ,assum$ a ,true ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a true body4 ,= x is writt5 7,phil4 #b3g71 t ,he 0 made 9 ! lik5ess ( m54 ,b :at is some?+ 9 tru? is n said to be 9 ! lik5ess !re(4 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a true body4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! assumption ( a body 9 no way dim9i%es ! dignity ( ! ,godhead2 = ,pope ,leo says 7,s]m4 de ,nativ47 t ! glorification did n absorb ! less] nature1 nor did ! assumption less5 ! high]4 ,b x p]ta9s to ! dignity ( ,god to be altoge!r sep>at$ f bodies4 ,!re=e x seems t by ! assumption ,god 0 n unit$ to a body4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 signs ought to correspond to ! realities4 ,b ! app>itions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* 7 signs ( ! manife/ation ( ,*ri/ 7 n 9 a real body1 b by visions 9 ! imag9ation1 z is pla9 f ,isa4 #fj3a3 ,i saw ! ,"l sitt+1 etc4 ,h5ce x w\ld seem t ! app>ition ( ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! _w 0 n 9 a real body1 b only 9 imag9ation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #ac73 ,if ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 a phantom1 ,*ri/ deceiv$ u1 & if ,he deceiv$ u1 ,he is n ! ,tru?4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! ,tru?4 ,!re=e ,8 body 0 n a phantom4 ,h5ce x is pla9 t ,he assum$ a true body4 ,i answ] t1 ,z is said 7,de ,eccles4 ,dogm4 ii74 ,! ,son ( ,god 0 n born 9 appe>ance only1 z if ,he _h an imag9>y body2 b ,8 body 0 real4 ,! pro( ( ?is is ?reefold4 ,fir/1 f ! ess5ce ( human nature to :i* x p]ta9s to h a true body4 ,!re=e grant$1 z already prov$ 7,q4 #d1 ,a4 #a71 t x 0 fitt+ = ! ,son ( ,god to assume human nature1 ,he mu/ consequ5tly h assum$ a real body4 ,! second reason is tak5 f :at 0 done 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,= if ,8 body 0 n real b imag9>y1 ,he nei!r und]w5t a real dea?1 nor ( ^? ?+s :i* ! ,evangeli/s rec\nt ( ,him1 did ,he d any 9 v tru?1 b only 9 appe>ance2 & h5ce x w\ld also foll[ t ! real salvation ( man has n tak5 place2 s9ce ! effect mu/ be proportionate to ! cause4 ,! ?ird reason is tak5 f ! dignity ( ! ,p]son assum+1 ,:om x did n become to h any?+ fictiti\s 9 ,8 "w1 s9ce ,he is ! ,tru?4 ,h5ce our ,"l ,himself deign$ to refute ?is error 7,luke #bd3cg1 #ci71 :5 ! disciples1 tr\bl$ & fright$1 suppos$ t !y saw a _s1 & n a true body2 :]e=e ,he (f]$ ,himself to _! t\*1 say+3 ,h&le1 & see2 = a _s ha? n fle% & bones1 z y see ,me to h4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is lik5ess indicates ! tru? ( ! human nature 9 ,*ri/--j z all t truly exi/ 9 human nature are said to be l 9 species--& n a m]e imag9>y lik5ess4 ,9 pro( ( ?is ! ,apo/le subjo9s 7,phil4 #b3h7 t ,he became ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 to ! dea? ( ! cross2 :i* w\ld h be5 impossible1 _h x be5 only an imag9>y lik5ess4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by assum+ a true body ! dignity ( ! ,son ( ,god is n[ise less5$4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e 99,fulg5tius says 7,de ,fide ad ,petrum ii73 ,he empti$ ,himself1 tak+ ! =m ( a s]vant1 t ,he might become a s]vant2 yet did ,he n lose ! fulness ( ! =m ( ,god4 ,= ! ,son ( ,god assum$ a true body1 n s z to become ! =m ( a body1 :i* is repugnant to ! ,div9e simplicity & purity--= ?is w\ld be to assume a body to ! unity ( ! nature1 :i* is impossible1 z is pla9 f :at has be5 /at$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #a73 b1 ! natures rema9+ di/9ct1 ,he assum$ a body to ! unity ( ,p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! figure ought to correspond to ! reality z reg>ds ! lik5ess & n z reg>ds ! tru? ( ! ?+4 ,= if !y 7 alike 9 all po9ts1 x w\ld no long] be a lik5ess b ! reality itself1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bf74 ,h5ce x 0 m fitt+ t ! app>itions ( ! old ,te/am5t %\ld be 9 appe>ance only1 be+ figures2 & t ! app>ition ( ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! _w %\ld be 9 a real body1 be+ ! ?+ prefigur$ by ^! figures4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,col4 #b3ag73 ,:i* are a %ad[ ( ?+s to come1 b ! body is ,*ri/'s4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #e1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,ought to ,h ,assum$ a ,c>nal or ,e>?ly ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ _h n a c>nal or e>?ly1 b a heav5ly body4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3da73 ,! fir/ man 0 ( ! e>?1 e>?y2 ! second man f heav51 heav5ly4 ,b ! fir/ man1 i4e4 ,adam1 0 ( ! e>? z reg>ds 8 body1 z is pla9 f ,g54 #a4 ,!re=e ! second man1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 0 ( heav5 z reg>ds ! body4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is said 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ej73 ,fle% & blood %all n ,vulg43 '_c' possess ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,b ! k+dom ( ,god is 9 ,*ri/ *iefly4 ,!re=e !re is no fle% or blood 9 ,him1 b r a heav5ly body4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :atev] is be/ is to be attribut$ to ,god4 ,b ( all bodies a heav5ly body is ! be/4 ,!re=e x behoov$ ,*ri/ to assume su* a body4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l says 7,luke #bd3ci73 ,a _s ha? n fle% & bones1 z y see ,me to h4 ,n[ fle% & bones are n ( ! matt] ( heav5ly bodies1 b are compos$ ( ! inf]ior elem5ts4 ,!re=e ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 n a heav5ly1 b a c>nal & e>?ly body4 ,i answ] t1 ,by ! reasons :i* prov$ t ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 n an imag9>y "o1 x may also be %[n t x 0 n a heav5ly body4 ,fir/1 because ev5 z ! tru? ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/ w\ld n h be5 ma9ta9$ _h ,8 body be5 an imag9>y "o1 su* z ,manes suppos$1 s likewise x w\ld n h be5 ma9ta9$ if we suppos$1 z did ,val5t9e1 t x 0 a heav5ly body4 ,= s9ce ! =m ( man is a natural ?+1 x requires det]m9ate matt]1 to wit1 fle% & bones1 :i* mu/ be plac$ 9 ! def9ition ( man1 z is pla9 f ! ,philosoph] 7,metaph4 vii1 #ci74 ,secondly1 because ?is w\ld less5 ! tru? ( su* ?+s z ,*ri/ did 9 ! body4 ,= s9ce a heav5ly body is impassible & incorruptible1 z is prov$ ,de ,coel4 i1 #bj1 if ! ,son ( ,god _h assum$ a heav5ly body1 ,he w\ld n h truly hung]$ or ?ir/$1 nor w\ld he h und]gone ,8 passion & dea?4 ,?irdly1 ?is w\ld h detract$ f ,god's tru?fulness4 ,= s9ce ! ,son ( ,god %[$ ,himself to m51 z if ,he _h a c>nal & e>?ly body1 ! manife/ation w\ld h be5 false1 _h ,he _h a heav5ly body4 ,h5ce 7,de ,eccles4 ,dogm4 ii7 x is said3 ,! ,son ( ,god 0 born1 tak+ fle% ( ! ,virg9's body1 & n br++ x ) ,him f heav54 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ is said 9 two ways to h come d[n f heav54 ,fir/1 z reg>ds ,8 ,div9e ,nature2 n inde$ t ! ,div9e ,nature ceas$ to be 9 heav51 b inasmu* z ,he began to be "h bel[ 9 a new way1 viz4 by ,8 assum$ nature1 accord+ to ,john #c3ac3 ,no man ha? asc5d$ into heav51 b ,he t desc5d$ f heav51 ! ,son ( ,man1 ,:o is 9 heav54 ,secondly1 z reg>ds ,8 body1 n inde$ t ! v sub/ance ( ! body ( ,*ri/ desc5d$ f heav51 b t ,8 body 0 =m$ by a heav5ly p[]1 i4e4 by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e1 expla9+ ! passage quot$1 says 7,ad ,orosium 99,dial4 ,qq4 lxv1 qu4 #d1 "w ( an unkn[n au?or73 ,i call ,*ri/ a heav5ly man because ,he 0 n conceiv$ ( human se$4 ,& ,hil>y exp\nds x 9 ! same way 7,de ,tr94 x74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,fle% & blood are n tak5 "h = ! sub/ance ( fle% & blood1 b = ! corruption ( fle%1 :i* 0 n 9 ,*ri/ z f> z x 0 s9ful2 b z f> z x 0 a puni%m5t2 ?us1 = a "t1 x 0 9 ,*ri/1 t ,he might c>ry ?r\gh ! "w ( our r$emption4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x p]ta9s to ! greate/ glory ( ,god to h rais$ a weak & e>?ly body to su* sublimity4 ,h5ce 9 ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7,p4 ,,ii1 ,act4 ,i7 we read ! say+ ( ,/4 ,!ophilus3 ,j z ! be/ workm5 are e/eem$ n m]ely = display+ _! skill 9 preci\s mat]ials1 b v (t5 because by mak+ use ( ! poore/ clay & commone/ e>?1 !y %[ ! p[] ( _! craft2 s ! be/ ( all workm51 ! ,^w ( ,god1 did n come d[n to u by tak+ a heav5ly body ( "s mo/ preci\s matt]1 b %ew$ ! greatness ( ,8 skill 9 clay4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #e1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,assum$ a ,s\l8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a s\l4 ,= ,john has said1 tea*+ ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation 7,john #a3ad73 ,! ,^w 0 made fle%--no m5tion be+ made ( a s\l4 ,n[ x is n said t ! ,^w 0 made fle% z if *ang$ to fle%1 b because ,he assum$ fle%4 ,!re=e ,he seems n to h assum$ a s\l4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a s\l is necess>y to ! body1 9 ord] to quick5 x4 ,b ?is 0 n necess>y = ! body ( ,*ri/1 z x w\ld seem1 = ( ! ,^w ( ,god x is writt5 7,ps4 #ce3aj73 ,"l1 ) ,!e is ! f\nta9 ( life4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem altoge!r sup]flu\s = ! s\l to be !re1 :5 ! ,^w 0 pres5t4 ,b ,god & nature d no?+ uselessly1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,coel4 i1 #cb2 ii1 #ef74 ,!re=e ! ,^w w\ld seem n to h assum$ a s\l4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 by ! union ( s\l & body is con/itut$ ! common nature1 :i* is ! human species4 ,b 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ we are n to look = a common species1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #c74 ,!re=e ,he did n assume a s\l4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,agone ,*ri/4 xxi73 ,let u n he>k5 to su* z say t only a human body 0 assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god2 & take '! ,^w 0 made fle%' to mean t ! man _h no s\l nor any o!r "p ( a man1 save fle%4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,ha]es4 #fi1 #ee71 x 0 fir/ ( all ! op9ion ( ,arius & !n ( ,apoll9>is t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ only fle%1 )\t a s\l1 hold+ t ! ,^w took ! place ( a s\l to ! body4 ,& consequ5tly x foll[$ t !re 7 n two natures 9 ,*ri/1 b only "o2 = f a s\l & body "o human nature is con/itut$4 ,b ?is op9ion _c hold1 = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 because x is c\nt] to ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 9 :i* our ,"l makes m5tion ( ,8 s\l1 ,matt4 #bf3ch3 ,my s\l is sorr[ful ev5 unto dea?2 & ,john #aj3ah3 ,i h p[] to lay d[n ,my s\l animam meam3 ,d\ay3 ',my life'4 ,b to ?is ,apoll9>is repli$ t 9 ^! words s\l is tak5 metaphorically1 9 :i* way m5tion is made 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ( ! s\l ( ,god 7,isa4 #a3ad73 ,my s\l hate? y\r new moons & y\r solemnities4 ,b1 z ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #hj71 ! ,evangeli/s relate h[ ,jesus wond]$1 0 ang]$1 sad1 & hungry4 ,n[ ^! %[ t ,he _h a true s\l1 j z t ,he ate1 slept & 0 we>y %[s t ,he _h a true human body3 o!rwise1 if ^! ?+s are a metaphor1 because ! l are said ( ,god 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! tru/wor?9ess ( ! ,gospel /ory is und]m9$4 ,= x is "o ?+ t ?+s 7 =etold 9 a figure1 & ano!r t hi/orical ev5ts 7 relat$ 9 v tru? by ! ,evangeli/s4 ,secondly1 ?is error less5s ! utility ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i* is man's lib]ation4 ,= ,augu/9e 99,vigilius ,taps5sis argues ?us 7,contra ,felician4 xiii73 ,if ! ,son ( ,god 9 tak+ fle% pass$ ov] ! s\l1 ei!r ,he knew its s9lessness1 & tru/$ x did n ne$ a rem$y2 or ,he consid]$ x unsuitable to ,him1 & did n be/[ on x ! boon ( r$emption2 or ,he reckon$ x altoge!r incurable1 & 0 unable to heal x2 or ,he ca/ x (f z wor?less & seem+ly unfit = any use4 ,n[ two ( ^! reasons imply a blasphemy aga9/ ,god4 ,= h[ %all we call ,him omnipot5t1 if ,he is unable to heal :at is beyond hope8 ,or ,god ( all1 if ,he has n made our s\l4 ,& z reg>ds ! o!r two reasons1 9 "o ! cause ( ! s\l is ignor$1 & 9 ! o!r no place is giv5 to m]it4 ,is ,he to be consid]$ to und]/& ! cause ( ! s\l1 ,:o seeks to sep>ate x f ! s9 ( wilful transgression1 enabl$ z x is to receive ! law by ! end[m5t ( ! habit ( reason8 ,or h[ c ,8 g5]osity be kn[n to any "o :o says x 0 despis$ on acc\nt ( its ignoble s9fulness8 ,if y look at its orig91 ! sub/ance ( ! s\l is m preci\s ?an ! body3 b if at ! s9 ( transgression1 on acc\nt ( its intellig5ce x is worse ?an ! body4 ,n[ ,i "k & decl>e t ,*ri/ is p]fect wisdom1 nor h ,i any d\bt t ,he is mo/ lov+2 & because ( ! fir/ ( ^! ,he did n despise :at 0 bett] & m capable ( prud5ce2 & because ( ! second ,he protect$ :at 0 mo/ w\nd$4 ,?irdly1 ?is position is aga9/ ! tru? ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,= fle% & ! o!r p>ts ( man receive _! species ?r\gh ! s\l4 ,h5ce1 if ! s\l is abs5t1 !re are no bones nor fle%1 except equivocally1 z is pla9 f ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,anima ii1 #i2 ,metaph4 vii1 #cd74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 we say1 ,! ,^w 0 made fle%1 fle% is tak5 = ! :ole man1 z if we 7 to say1 ,! ,^w 0 made man1 z ,isa4 #dj3e3 ,all fle% toge!r %all see t ! m\? ( ! ,"l ha? spok54 ,& ! :ole man is signifi$ by fle%1 because1 z is said 9 ! au?ority quot$1 ! ,son ( ,god became visible by fle%2 h5ce x is subjo9$3 ,& we saw ,8 glory4 ,or because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #hj71 9 all t union ! ,^w is ! highe/1 & fle% ! la/ & l[e/4 ,h5ce1 wi%+ to comm5d ! love ( ,god's humility to u1 ! ,evangeli/ m5tion$ ! ,^w & fle%1 leav+ ! s\l on "o side1 s9ce x is less ?an ! ,^w & nobl] ?an fle%4 ,aga91 x 0 reasonable to m5tion fle%1 :i*1 z be+ f>!r away f ! ,^w1 0 less assumable1 z x w\ld seem4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,^w is ! f\nta9 ( life1 z ! fir/ effective cause ( life2 b ! s\l is ! pr9ciple ( ! life ( ! body1 z its =m4 ,n[ ! =m is ! effect ( ! ag5t4 ,h5ce f ! pres5ce ( ! ,^w x might r h be5 conclud$ t ! body 0 animat$1 j z f ! pres5ce ( fire x may be conclud$ t ! body1 9 :i* fire adh]es1 is w>m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is n unfitt+1 inde$ x is necess>y to say t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 a nature :i* 0 con/itut$ by ! s\l com+ to ! body4 ,b ,damasc5e d5i$ t 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ !re 0 a common species1 i4e4 a ?ird some?+ result+ f ! ,godhead & ! humanity4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #e1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,assum$ a ,human ,m9d or ,intellect8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a human m9d or intellect4 ,= :]e a ?+ is pres5t1 its image is n requir$4 ,b man is made to ,god's image1 z reg>ds 8 m9d1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiv1 #c1 #f74 ,h5ce1 s9ce 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! pres5ce ( ! ,div9e ,^w itself1 !re 0 no ne$ ( a human m9d4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! great] light dims ! less]4 ,b ! ,^w ( ,god1 ,:o is ! light1 :i* enlight5e? e man t come? into ?is _w1 z is writt5 ,john #a3i1 is comp>$ to ! m9d z ! great] light to ! less]2 s9ce our m9d is a light1 be+ z x 7 a lamp enk9dl$ by ! ,fir/ ,light 7,prov4 #bj3bg73 ,! _s ( a man is ! lamp ( ! ,"l4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ ,:o is ! ,^w ( ,god1 !re is no ne$ ( a human m9d4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! assumption ( human nature by ! ,^w ( ,god is call$ ,8 ,inc>nation4 ,b ! intellect or human m9d is no?+ c>nal1 ei!r 9 its sub/ance or 9 its act1 = x is n ! act ( a body1 z is prov$ ,de ,anima iii1 #f4 ,h5ce x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a human m9d4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 99,fulg5tius says 7,de ,fide ad ,petrum xiv73 ,firmly hold & n[ise d\bt t ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god has true fle% & a rational s\l ( ! same k9d z ours1 s9ce ( ,8 fle% ,he says 7,luke #bd3ci73 ',h&le1 & see2 = a _s ha? n fle% & bones1 z y see ,me to h4' ,& ,he proves t ,he has a s\l1 say+ 7,john #ag73 ',i lay d[n ,my s\l ,d\ay3 'life' t ,i may take x aga94' ,& ,he proves t ,he has an intellect1 say+ 7,matt4 #aa3bi73 ',le>n ( ,me1 because ,i am meek & humble ( he>t4' ,& ,god says ( ,him by ! prophet 7,isa4 #eb3ac73 ',behold my s]vant %all und]/&4' ,i answ] t1 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,ha]es4 #di1 #ej71 ! ,apoll9>i/s ?\ght diff]5tly f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* conc]n+ ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 say+ ) ! ,arians1 t ,*ri/ took fle% alone1 )\t a s\l2 & on be+ ov]come on ?is po9t by ! ,gospel witness1 !y w5t on to say t ! m9d 0 want+ to ,*ri/'s s\l1 b t ! ,^w suppli$ its place4 ,b ?is position is refut$ by ! same argum5ts z ! prec$+4 ,fir/1 because x runs c\nt] to ! ,gospel /ory1 :i* relates h[ ,he m>vel$ 7z is pla9 f ,matt4 #h3aj74 ,n[ m>vel+ _c be )\t reason1 s9ce x implies ! collation ( effect & cause1 i4e4 inasmu* z :5 we see an effect & are ignorant ( its cause1 we seek to "k x1 z is said ,metaph4 i1 #b4 ,secondly1 x is inconsi/5t ) ! purpose ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i* is ! ju/ification ( man f s94 ,= ! human s\l is n capable ( s9 nor ( ju/ify+ grace except ?r\gh ! m9d4 ,h5ce x 0 especially necess>y = ! m9d to be assum$4 ,h5ce ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f7 t ! ,^w ( ,god assum$ a body & an intellectual & rational s\l1 & adds aft]w>ds3 ,! :ole 0 unit$ to ! :ole1 t ,he might be/[ salvation on me :olly2 = :at 0 n assum$ is n curable4 ,?irdly1 x is aga9/ ! tru? ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,= s9ce ! body is proportion$ to ! s\l z matt] to its prop] =m1 x is n truly human fle% if x is n p]fect$ by human1 i4e4 a rational s\l4 ,& h5ce if ,*ri/ _h _h a s\l )\t a m9d1 ,he w\ld n h _h true human fle%1 b irrational fle%1 s9ce our s\l diff]s f an animal s\l by ! m9d alone4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #hj7 t f ?is error x w\ld h foll[$ t ! ,son ( ,god took an animal ) ! =m ( a human body1 :i*1 aga91 is aga9/ ! ,div9e tru?1 :i* _c suff] any fictiti\s untru?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:]e a ?+ is by its pres5ce1 its image is n requir$ to supply ! place ( ! ?+1 z :]e ! emp]or is ! soldi]s d n pay homage to 8 image4 ,yet ! image ( a ?+ is requir$ toge!r ) its pres5ce1 t x may be p]fect$ by ! pres5ce ( ! ?+1 j z ! image 9 ! wax is p]fect$ by ! impression ( ! seal1 & z ! image ( man is reflect$ 9 ! mirror by 8 pres5ce4 ,h5ce 9 ord] to p]fect ! human m9d x 0 necess>y t ! ,^w %\ld unite x to ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! great] light dims ! less] light ( ano!r lum9\s body2 b x does n dim1 r x p]fects ! light ( ! body illum9at$--at ! pres5ce ( ! sun ! light ( ! />s is put out1 b ! light ( ! air is p]fect$4 ,n[ ! intellect or m9d ( man is1 z x 71 a light lit up by ! light ( ! ,div9e ,^w2 & h5ce by ! pres5ce ( ! ,^w ! m9d ( man is p]fect$ r ?an ov]%ad[$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! intellective p[] is n ! act ( a body1 nev]!less ! ess5ce ( ! human s\l1 :i* is ! =m ( ! body1 requires t x %\ld be m noble1 9 ord] t x may h ! p[] ( und]/&+2 & h5ce x is necess>y t a bett] dispos$ body %\ld correspond to x4 ,,"q #f ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,assumption 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! ord] ( ! =ego+ assumption1 & "u ?is head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god assum$ fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he assum$ ! s\l ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! _s or m9d8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! s\l 0 assum$ previ\s to ! fle%8 7#d7 ,:e!r ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 assum$ by ! ,^w previ\s to be+ unit$ to ! s\l8 7#e7 ,:e!r ! :ole human nature 0 assum$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! p>ts8 7#f7 ,:e!r x 0 assum$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( grace8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #f1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,assum$ ,fle% ,?r\gh ! ,m$ium ( ! ,s\l8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l4 ,= ! mode 9 :i* ! ,son ( ,god is unit$ to human nature & its p>ts1 is m p]fect ?an ! mode :]eby ,he is 9 all creatures4 ,b ,he is 9 all creatures imm$iately by ess5ce1 p[] & pres5ce4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 is ! ,son ( ,god unit$ to fle% )\t ! m$ium ( ! s\l4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l & fle% are unit$ to ! ,^w ( ,god 9 unity ( hypo/asis or p]son4 ,b ! body p]ta9s imm$iately to ! human hypo/asis or p]son1 ev5 z ! s\l4 ,inde$1 ! human body1 s9ce x is matt]1 w\ld r seem to be ne>] ! hypo/asis ?an ! s\l1 :i* is a =m1 s9ce ! pr9ciple ( individuation1 :i* is impli$ 9 ! ^w hypo/asis1 w\ld seem to be matt]4 ,h5ce ! ,son ( ,god did n assume fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 take away ! m$ium & y sep>ate :at 7 jo9$ by ! m$ium2 = example1 if ! sup]ficies be remov$ color w\ld leave ! body1 s9ce x adh]es to ! body ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! sup]ficies4 ,b ?\gh ! s\l 0 sep>at$ f ! body by dea?1 yet !re /ill rema9$ ! union ( ! ,^w to ! fle%1 z w be %[n 7,q4 #ej1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c74 ,h5ce ! ,^w 0 n jo9$ to fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volusianum cxxxvi73 ,! greatness ( ! ,div9e p[] fitt$ to itself a rational s\l1 & ?r\gh x a human body1 s z to raise ! :ole man to some?+ high]4 ,i answ] t1 ,a m$ium is 9 ref]5ce to a beg9n+ & an end4 ,h5ce z beg9n+ & end imply ord]1 s also does a m$ium4 ,n[ !re is a tw(old ord]3 "o1 ( "t2 ! o!r1 ( nature4 ,b 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation no?+ is said to be a m$ium 9 ! ord] ( "t1 = ! ,^w ( ,god unit$ ! :ole human nature to ,himself at ! same "t1 z w appe> 7,q4 #cj1 ,a4 #c74 ,an ord] ( nature betwe5 ?+s may be tak5 9 two ways3 fir/1 z reg>ds rank ( dignity1 z we say ! angels are midway betwe5 man & ,god2 secondly1 z reg>ds ! idea ( causality1 z we say a cause is midway betwe5 ! fir/ cause & ! la/ effect4 ,& ?is second ord] foll[s ! fir/ to "s ext5t2 = z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 xiii71 ,god acts ^u ! m remote sub/ances ?r\gh ! less remote4 ,h5ce if we consid] ! rank ( dignity1 ! s\l is f\nd to be midway betwe5 ,god & fle%2 & 9 ?is way x may be said t ! ,son ( ,god unit$ fle% to ,himself1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l4 ,b ev5 z reg>ds ! second ord] ( causality ! s\l is to "s ext5t ! cause ( fle% be+ unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,= ! fle% w\ld n h be5 assumable1 except by its relation to ! rational s\l1 ?r\gh :i* x becomes human fle%4 ,= x 0 said above 7,q4 #d1 ,a4 #a7 t human nature 0 assumable be=e all o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,we may consid] a tw(old ord] betwe5 creatures & ,god3 ! fir/ is by reason ( creatures be+ caus$ by ,god & dep5d+ on ,him z on ! pr9ciple ( _! be+2 & ?us on acc\nt ( ! inf9itude ( ,8 p[] ,god t\*es ea* ?+ imm$iately1 by caus+ & pres]v+ x1 & s x is t ,god is 9 all ?+s by ess5ce1 pres5ce & p[]4 ,b ! second ord] is by reason ( ?+s be+ direct$ to ,god z to _! end2 & x is "h t !re is a m$ium betwe5 ! creature & ,god1 s9ce l[] creatures are direct$ to ,god by high]1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v72 & to ?is ord] p]ta9s ! assumption ( human nature by ! ,^w ( ,god1 ,:o is ! t]m ( ! assumption2 & h5ce x is unit$ to fle% ?r\gh ! s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,if ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w ( ,god 7 con/itut$ simply by human nature1 x w\ld foll[ t ! body 0 ne>e/ to x1 s9ce x is matt] :i* is ! pr9ciple ( individuation2 ev5 z ! s\l1 be+ ! specific =m1 w\ld be ne>] ! human nature4 ,b because ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w is prior to & m exalt$ ?an ! human nature1 ! m exalt$ any "p ( ! human nature is1 ! ne>] x is to ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w4 ,& h5ce ! s\l is ne>] ! ,^w ( ,god ?an ! body is4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,no?+ prev5ts "o ?+ be+ ! cause ( ! aptitude & congruity ( ano!r1 & yet if x be tak5 away ! o!r rema9s2 because al?\gh a ?+'s becom+ may dep5d on ano!r1 yet :5 x is 9 be+ x no long] dep5ds on x1 j z a fri5d%ip br\ght ab\t by "s o!r may endure :5 ! latt] has gone2 or z a woman is tak5 9 m>riage on acc\nt ( h] beauty1 :i* makes a woman's fitt+ness = ! m>riage tie1 yet :5 h] beauty passes away1 ! m>riage tie /ill rema9s4 ,s likewise1 :5 ! s\l 0 sep>at$1 ! union ( ! ,^w ) fle% /ill endur$4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #f1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,assum$ a ,s\l ,?r\gh ! ,m$ium ( ! ,_s or ,m9d8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a s\l ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! _s or m9d4 ,= no?+ is a m$ium betwe5 itself & ano!r4 ,b ! _s is no?+ else 9 ess5ce b ! s\l itself1 z 0 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #gg1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a74 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a s\l ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! _s or m9d4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is ! m$ium ( ! assumption is itself m assumable4 ,b ! _s or m9d is n m assumable ?an ! s\l2 :i* is pla9 f ! fact t angelic spirits are n assumable1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #d1 ,a4 #a74 ,h5ce x seems t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a s\l ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! _s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 t :i* comes lat] is assum$ by ! fir/ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :at comes be=e4 ,b ! s\l implies ! v ess5ce1 :i* naturally comes be=e its p[]--! m9d4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god did n assume a s\l ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! _s or m9d4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,agone ,*ri/4 xviii73 ,! invisible & un*angeable ,tru? took a s\l by means ( ! _s1 & a body by means ( ! s\l4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ! ,son ( ,god is said to h assum$ fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l1 on acc\nt ( ! ord] ( dignity1 & ! congruity ( ! assumption4 ,n[ bo? ^! may be appli$ to ! intellect1 :i* is call$ ! _s1 if we comp>e x ) ! o!r p>ts ( ! s\l4 ,= ! s\l is assum$ congru\sly only inasmu* z x has a capacity = ,god1 be+ 9 ,8 lik5ess3 :i* is 9 respect ( ! m9d t is call$ ! _s1 accord+ to ,eph4 #d3bc3 ,be r5ew$ 9 ! _s ( y\r m9d4 ,s1 too1 ! intellect is ! highe/ & noble/ ( ! p>ts ( ! s\l1 & ! mo/ l to ,god1 & h5ce ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f7 t ! ,^w ( ,god is unit$ to fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! intellect2 = ! intellect is ! pure/ "p ( ! s\l1 ,god ,himself be+ an intellect4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ! intellect is n di/9ct f ! s\l 9 ess5ce1 x is di/9ct f ! o!r p>ts ( ! s\l z a p[]2 & x is 9 ?is way t x has ! nature ( a m$ium4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,fitness = assumption is want+ to ! angelic spirits1 n f any lack ( dignity1 b because ( ! irrem$iabl5ess ( _! fall1 :i* _c be said ( ! human _s1 z is cle> f :at has be5 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #h2 ,fir/ ,"p1 ,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! s\l1 betwe5 :i* & ! ,^w ( ,god ! intellect is said to be a m$ium1 does n /& = ! ess5ce ( ! s\l1 :i* is common to all ! p[]s1 b = ! l[] p[]s1 :i* are common to e s\l4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #f1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,s\l ,0 ,assum$ ,be=e ! ,fle% by ! ,son ( ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 assum$ be=e ! fle% by ! ,^w4 ,= ! ,son ( ,god assum$ fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a74 ,n[ ! m$ium is rea*$ be=e ! end4 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god assum$ ! s\l be=e ! body4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is nobl] ?an ! angels1 accord+ to ,ps4 #if3h3 ,adore ,him1 all y ,8 angels4 ,b ! angels 7 creat$ 9 ! beg9n+1 z 0 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #df1 ,a4 #c74 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ also 70 creat$ 9 ! beg9n+74 ,b x 0 n creat$ be=e x 0 assum$1 = ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #b1 #c1 #i71 t nei!r ! s\l nor ! body ( ,*ri/ ev] _h any hypo/asis save ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t ! s\l 0 assum$ be=e ! fle%1 :i* 0 conceiv$ 9 ! womb ( ! ,virg94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,john #a3ad73 ,we saw ,him ,vulg43 ',8 glory' full ( grace & tru?1 & x is add$ aft]w>ds t ( ,8 fulness we h all receiv$ 7,john #a3af71 i4e4 all ! fai?ful ( all "t1 z ,*ryso/om exp\nds x 7,hom4 xiii 9 ,joan474 ,n[ ?is c\ld n h be5 unless ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h all fulness ( grace & tru? be=e all ! sa9ts1 :o 7 f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 = ! cause is n subsequ5t to ! effect4 ,h5ce s9ce ! fulness ( grace & tru? 0 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ f union ) ! ,^w1 accord+ to :at is writt5 9 ! same place3 ,we saw ,8 glory1 ! glory z x 7 ( ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & tru?1 x w\ld seem 9 consequ5ce t f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv1 #f73 ,! intellect 0 n1 z "s untru?fully say1 unit$ to ! true ,god1 & h5ce=? call$ ,*ri/1 be=e ! ,inc>nation :i* 0 ( ! ,virg94 ,i answ] t1 ,orig5 7,p]i ,ar*on i1 #g1 #h2 ii1 #h7 ma9ta9$ t all s\ls1 among/ :i* he plac$ ,*ri/'s s\l1 7 creat$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,b ?is is n fitt+1 if we suppose t x 0 fir/ ( all creat$1 b n at once jo9$ to ! ,^w1 s9ce x w\ld foll[ t ?is s\l once _h its prop] subsi/5ce )\t ! ,^w2 & ?us1 s9ce x 0 assum$ by ! ,^w1 ei!r ! union did n take place 9 ! subsi/5ce1 or ! pre-exi/+ subsi/5ce ( ! s\l 0 corrupt$4 ,s likewise x is n fitt+ to suppose t ?is s\l 0 unit$ to ! ,^w f ! beg9n+1 & t x aft]w>ds became inc>nate 9 ! womb ( ! ,virg92 = ?us ,8 s\l w\ld n seem to be ( ! same nature z ours1 :i* are creat$ at ! same "t t !y are infus$ into bodies4 ,h5ce ,pope ,leo says 7,ep4 ad ,julian4 xxxv7 t ,*ri/'s fle% 0 n ( a diff]5t nature to ours1 nor 0 a diff]5t s\l infus$ into x 9 ! beg9n+ ?an into o!r m54 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #a71 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is said to be ! m$ium 9 ! union ( ! fle% ) ! ,^w1 9 ! ord] ( nature2 b x does n foll[ f ?is t x 0 ! m$ium 9 ! ord] ( "t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,pope ,leo says 9 ! same ,epi/le1 ,*ri/'s s\l excels our s\l n by div]sity ( g5us1 b by sublimity ( p[]2 = x is ( ! same g5us z our s\ls1 yet excels ev5 ! angels 9 fulness ( grace & tru?4 ,b ! mode ( creation is 9 h>mony ) ! g5]ic prop]ty ( ! s\l2 & s9ce x is ! =m ( ! body1 x is consequ5tly creat$ at ! same "t t x is infus$ into & unit$ ) ! body2 :i* does n happ5 to angels1 s9ce !y are sub/ances entirely free f matt]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,( ! fulness ( ,*ri/ all m5 receive accord+ to ! fai? !y h 9 ,him2 = x is writt5 7,rom4 #c3bb7 t ! ju/ice ( ,god is by fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ unto all & ^u all !m t believe 9 ,him4 ,n[ j z we believe 9 ,him z already born2 s ! anci5ts believ$ 9 ,him z ab\t to be born1 s9ce hav+ ! same _s ( fai? 4 4 4 we also believe1 z x is writt5 7#b ,cor4 #d3ac74 ,b ! fai? :i* is 9 ,*ri/ has ! p[] ( ju/ify+ by reason ( ! purpose ( ! grace ( ,god1 accord+ to ,rom4 #d3e3 ,b to him t worke? n1 yet believe? 9 ,him t ju/ifie? ! ungodly1 8 fai? is reput$ to ju/ice accord+ to ! purpose ( ! grace ( ,god4 ,h5ce because ?is purpose is et]nal1 !re is no?+ to h9d] "s f be+ ju/ifi$ by ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ev5 be=e ,8 s\l 0 full ( grace & tru?4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #f1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,fle% ( ,*ri/ ,0 ,assum$ by ! ,^w ,be=e ,be+ ,unit$ to ! ,s\l8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 assum$ by ! ,^w be=e be+ unit$ to ! s\l4 ,= ,augu/9e 99,fulg5tius says 7,de ,fide ad ,petrum xviii73 ,mo/ firmly hold1 & n[ise d\bt t ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 n conceiv$ 9 ! womb ( ! ,virg9 )\t ! ,godhead be=e x 0 assum$ by ! ,^w4 ,b ! fle% ( ,*ri/ w\ld seem to h be5 conceiv$ be=e be+ unit$ to ! rational s\l1 because matt] or disposition is prior to ! completive =m 9 ord] ( g5]ation4 ,!re=e ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 assum$ be=e be+ unit$ to ! s\l4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ! s\l is a "p ( human nature1 s is ! body4 ,b ! human s\l 9 ,*ri/ _h no o!r pr9ciple ( be+ ?an 9 o!r m51 z is cle> f ! au?ority ( ,pope ,leo1 quot$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t ! body ( ,*ri/ _h no o!r pr9ciple ( be+ ?an we h4 ,b 9 u ! body is begott5 be=e ! rational s\l comes to x4 ,!re=e x 0 ! same 9 ,*ri/2 & ?us ! fle% 0 assum$ by ! ,^w be=e be+ unit$ to ! s\l4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z is said 7,de ,causis71 ! fir/ cause excels ! second 9 br++ ab\t ! effect1 & prec$es x 9 its union ) ! effect4 ,b ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is comp>$ to ! ,^w z a second cause to a fir/4 ,h5ce ! ,^w 0 unit$ to ! fle% be=e x 0 to ! s\l4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #b73 ,at ! same "t ! ,^w ( ,god 0 made fle%1 & fle% 0 unit$ to a rational & intellectual s\l4 ,!re=e ! union ( ! ,^w ) ! fle% did n prec$e ! union ) ! s\l4 ,i answ] t1 ,! human fle% is assumable by ! ,^w on acc\nt ( ! ord] :i* x has to ! rational s\l z to its prop] =m4 ,n[ x has n ?is ord] be=e ! rational s\l comes to x1 because :5 any matt] becomes prop] to any =m1 at ! same "t x receives t =m2 h5ce ! alt]ation is t]m9at$ at ! same in/ant 9 :i* ! sub/antial =m is introduc$4 ,& h5ce x is t ! fle% ought n to h be5 assum$ be=e x 0 human fle%2 & ?is happ5$ :5 ! rational s\l came to x4 ,!re=e s9ce ! s\l 0 n assum$ be=e ! fle%1 inasmu* z x is aga9/ ! nature ( ! s\l to be be=e x is unit$ to ! body1 s likewise ! fle% ought n to h be5 assum$ be=e ! s\l1 s9ce x is n human fle% be=e x has a rational s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,human fle% dep5ds ^u ! s\l = its be+2 & h5ce1 be=e ! com+ ( ! s\l1 !re is no human fle%1 b !re may be a disposition t[>ds human fle%4 ,yet 9 ! conception ( ,*ri/1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o is an ag5t ( inf9ite might1 dispos$ ! matt] & br\ght x to its p]fection at ! same "t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! =m actually gives ! species2 b ! matt] 9 itself is 9 pot5tiality to ! species4 ,& h5ce x w\ld be aga9/ ! nature ( a =m to exi/ be=e ! specific nature4 ,& !re=e ! dissimil>ity betwe5 our orig9 & ,*ri/'s orig91 inasmu* z we are conceiv$ be=e be+ animat$1 & ,*ri/'s fle% is n1 is by reason ( :at prec$es ! p]fection ( ! nature1 viz4 t we are conceiv$ f ! se$ ( man1 & ,*ri/ is n4 ,b a diff]5ce :i* w\ld be ) ref]5ce to ! orig9 ( ! s\l1 w\ld bespeak a div]sity ( nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,^w ( ,god is und]/ood to be unit$ to ! fle% be=e ! s\l by ! common mode :]eby ,he is 9 ! re/ ( creatures by ess5ce1 p[]1 & pres5ce4 ,yet ,i say be=e1 n 9 "t1 b 9 nature2 = ! fle% is und]/ood z a be+1 :i* x has f ! ,^w1 be=e x is und]/ood z animat$1 :i* x has f ! s\l4 ,b by ! p]sonal union we und]/& ! fle% z unit$ to ! s\l be=e x is unit$ to ! ,^w1 = x is f its union ) ! s\l t x is capable ( be+ unit$ to ! ,^w 9 ,p]son2 especially s9ce a p]son is f\nd only 9 ! rational nature4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #f1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,:ole ,human ,nature ,0 ,assum$ ,?r\gh ! ,m$ium ( ! ,p>ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ ! :ole human nature ?r\gh ! m$ium ( its p>ts4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,de ,agone ,*ri/4 xviii7 t ! invisible & un*angeable ,tru? assum$ ! s\l ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! _s1 & ! body ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l1 & 9 ?is way ! :ole man4 ,b ! _s1 s\l1 & body are p>ts ( ! :ole man4 ,!re=e ,he assum$ all1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! p>ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,son ( ,god assum$ fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l because ! s\l is m l to ,god ?an ! body4 ,b ! p>ts ( human nature1 s9ce !y are simpl] ?an ! body1 w\ld seem to be m l to ,god1 ,:o is mo/ simple1 ?an ! :ole4 ,!re=e ,he assum$ ! :ole ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! p>ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! :ole results f ! union ( p>ts4 ,b ! union is tak5 to be ! t]m ( ! assumption1 & ! p>ts are presuppos$ to ! assumption4 ,!re=e ,he assum$ ! :ole by ! p>ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #af73 ,9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ we d n behold p>ts ( p>ts1 b su* z are imm$iately jo9$1 i4e4 ! ,godhead & ! manhood4 ,n[ ! humanity is a :ole1 :i* is compos$ ( s\l & body1 z p>ts4 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god assum$ ! p>ts ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! :ole4 ,i answ] t1 ,:5 any?+ is said to be a m$ium 9 ! assumption ( ! ,inc>nation1 we d n signify ord] ( "t1 because ! assumption ( ! :ole & ! p>ts 0 simultane\s4 ,= x has be5 %[n 7,,aa4 #c1 #d7 t ! s\l & body 7 mutually unit$ at ! same "t 9 ord] to con/itute ! human nature ( ! ,^w4 ,b x is ord] ( nature t is signifi$4 ,h5ce by :at is prior 9 nature1 t is assum$ :i* is po/]ior 9 nature4 ,n[ a ?+ is prior 9 nature 9 two ways3 ,fir/ on ! "p ( ! ag5t1 secondly on ! "p ( ! matt]2 = ^! two causes prec$e ! ?+4 ,on ! "p ( ! ag5t--t is simply fir/1 :i* is fir/ includ$ 9 8 int5tion2 b t is relatively fir/1 ) :i* 8 op]ation beg9s--& ?is because ! int5tion is prior to ! op]ation4 ,on ! "p ( ! matt]--t is fir/ :i* exi/s fir/ 9 ! transmutation ( ! matt]4 ,n[ 9 ! ,inc>nation ! ord] dep5d+ on ! ag5t mu/ be p>ticul>ly consid]$1 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volusianum cxxxvii71 9 su* ?+s ! :ole reason ( ! de$ is ! p[] ( ! do]4 ,b x is manife/ t1 accord+ to ! int5tion ( ! do]1 :at is complete is prior to :at is incomplete1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! :ole to ! p>ts4 ,h5ce x mu/ be said t ! ,^w ( ,god assum$ ! p>ts ( human nature1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! :ole2 = ev5 z ,he assum$ ! body on acc\nt ( its relation to ! rational s\l1 s likewise ,he assum$ a body & s\l on acc\nt ( _! relation to human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,f ^! words no?+ may be ga!r$1 except t ! ,^w1 by assum+ ! p>ts ( human nature1 assum$ ! :ole human nature4 ,& ?us ! assumption ( p>ts is prior 9 ! ord] ( ! intellect1 if we consid] ! op]ation1 b n 9 ord] ( "t2 :]eas ! assumption ( ! nature is prior if we consid] ! int5tion3 & ?is is to be simply fir/1 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,god is s simple t ,he is also mo/ p]fect2 & h5ce ! :ole is m l to ,god ?an ! p>ts1 inasmu* z x is m p]fect4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is a p]sonal union :]e9 ! assumption is t]m9at$1 n a union ( nature1 :i* spr+s f a conjunction ( p>ts4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #f1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,human ,nature ,0 ,assum$ ,?r\gh ! ,m$ium ( ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature ?r\gh ! m$ium ( grace4 ,= by grace we are unit$ to ,god4 ,b ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ 0 mo/ closely unit$ to ,god4 ,!re=e ! union took place by grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ! body lives by ! s\l1 :i* is its p]fection1 s does ! s\l by grace4 ,b ! human nature 0 fitt$ = ! assumption by ! s\l4 ,!re=e ! ,son ( ,god assum$ ! s\l ?r\gh ! m$ium ( grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xv1 #aa7 t ! inc>nate ,^w is l our spok5 ^w4 ,b our ^w is unit$ to our spee* by means ( brea?+ 7spiritus74 ,!re=e ! ,^w ( ,god is unit$ to fle% by means ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & h5ce by means ( grace1 :i* is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,_s1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ab3d3 ,n[ !re are div]sities ( graces1 b ! same ,_s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,grace is an accid5t 9 ! s\l1 z 0 %[n above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #b74 ,n[ ! union ( ! ,^w ) human nature took place 9 ! subsi/5ce1 & n accid5tally1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #f74 ,!re=e ! human nature 0 n assum$ by means ( grace4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! grace ( union & habitual grace4 ,!re=e grace _c be tak5 to be ! m$ium ( ! assumption ( ! human nature1 :e!r we speak ( ! grace ( union or ( habitual grace4 ,= ! grace ( union is ! p]sonal be+ t is giv5 gratis f above to ! human nature 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w1 & is ! t]m ( ! assumption4 ,:]eas ! habitual grace p]ta9+ to ! spiritual hol9ess ( ! man is an effect foll[+ ! union1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,we saw ,8 glory 4 4 4 z x 7 ( ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & tru?--by :i* we are giv5 to und]/& t because ?is ,man 7z a result ( ! union7 is ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 ,he is full ( grace & tru?4 ,b if by grace we und]/& ! w ( ,god do+ or be/[+ some?+ gratis1 ! union took place by grace1 n z a means1 b z ! effici5t cause4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,our union ) ,god is by op]ation1 inasmu* z we "k & love ,him2 & h5ce ?is union is by habitual grace1 inasmu* z a p]fect op]ation proce$s f a habit4 ,n[ ! union ( ! human nature ) ! ,^w ( ,god is 9 p]sonal be+1 :i* dep5ds n on any habit1 b on ! nature itself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! s\l is ! sub/antial p]fection ( ! body2 grace is b an accid5tal p]fection ( ! s\l4 ,h5ce grace _c orda9 ! s\l to p]sonal union1 :i* is n accid5tal1 z ! s\l orda9s ! body4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,our ^w is unit$ to our spee*1 by means ( brea?+ 7spiritus71 n z a =mal m$ium1 b z a mov+ m$ium4 ,= f ! ^w conceiv$ )91 ! brea?+ proce$s1 f :i* ! spee* is =m$4 ,& simil>ly f ! et]nal ,^w proce$s ! ,holy ,_s1 ,:o =m$ ! body ( ,*ri/1 z w be %[n 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #a74 ,b x does n foll[ f ?is t ! grace ( ! ,holy ,_s is ! =mal m$ium 9 ! a=esaid union4 ,,"q #g ,,( ,,! ,,grace ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,z ,,an ,,individual ,,man 7,9 ,?irte5 ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] su* ?+s z 7 co-assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god 9 human nature2 & fir/ :at belongs to p]fection2 secondly1 :at belongs to defect4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/1 !re are ?ree po9ts ( consid]ation3 7#a7 ,! grace ( ,*ri/2 7#b7 ,8 k2 7#c7 ,8 p[]4 ,) reg>d to ,8 grace we mu/ consid] two ?+s3 7#a7 ,8 grace z ,he is an individual man2 7#b7 ,8 grace z ,he is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,( ! grace ( union we h already spok5 7,q4 #b74 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are ?irte5 po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ !re 0 any habitual grace8 7#b7 ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 virtues8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he _h fai?8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he _h hope8 7#e7 ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 ! gifts8 7#f7 ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! gift ( fe>8 7#g7 ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 any gratuit\s graces8 7#h7 ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 prophecy8 7#i7 ,:e!r !re 0 ! fulness ( grace 9 ,him8 7#aj7 ,:e!r su* fulness 0 prop] to ,*ri/8 7#aa7 ,:e!r ! grace ( ,*ri/ 0 inf9ite8 7#ab7 ,:e!r x c\ld h be5 increas$8 7#ac7 ,h[ ?is grace /ood t[>ds ! union8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r 9 ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ ,!re ,0 ,any ,habitual ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem !re 0 no habitual grace 9 ! s\l assum$ by ! ,^w4 ,= grace is a c]ta9 p>tak+ ( ! ,godhead by ! rational creature1 accord+ to #b ,pet4 #a3d3 ,by ,:om ,he ha? giv5 u mo/ great & preci\s promises1 t by ^! y may be made p>tak]s ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,n[ ,*ri/ is ,god n by p>ticipation1 b 9 tru?4 ,!re=e !re 0 no habitual grace 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 grace is necess>y to man1 t he may op]ate well1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ae3aj3 ,i h labor$ m abundantly ?an all !y2 yet n ,i1 b ! grace ( ,god ) me2 & 9 ord] t he may rea* et]nal life1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3bc3 ,! grace ( ,god 7is7 life ev]la/+4 ,n[ ! inh]itance ( ev]la/+ life 0 due to ,*ri/ by ! m]e fact ( ,8 be+ ! natural ,son ( ,god2 & by ! fact ( ,8 be+ ! ,^w1 by ,:om all ?+s 7 made1 ,he _h ! p[] ( do+ all ?+s well4 ,!re=e ,8 human nature ne$$ no fur!r grace beyond union ) ! ,^w4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at op]ates z an in/rum5t does n ne$ a habit = its own op]ations1 s9ce habits are root$ 9 ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,n[ ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ 0 z ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ae74 ,!re=e !re 0 no ne$ ( habitual grace 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #aa3b73 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l %all re/ ^u ,him--:i* 7,_s71 inde$1 is said to be 9 man by habitual grace1 z 0 said above 7,i1 ,q4 #h1 ,a4 #c2 ,q4 #dc1 ,,aa4 #c1 #f74 ,!re=e !re 0 habitual grace 9 ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is necess>y to suppose habitual grace 9 ,*ri/ = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 on acc\nt ( ! union ( ,8 s\l ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,= ! ne>] any recipi5t is to an infl[+ cause1 ! m does x p>take ( its influ5ce4 ,n[ ! influx ( grace is f ,god1 accord+ to ,ps4 #hc3ab3 ,! ,"l w give grace & glory4 ,& h5ce x 0 mo/ fitt+ t ,8 s\l %\ld receive ! influx ( ,div9e grace4 ,secondly1 on acc\nt ( ! dignity ( ?is s\l1 ^: op]ations 7 to atta9 s closely to ,god by k & love1 to :i* x is necess>y = human nature to be rais$ by grace4 ,?irdly1 on acc\nt ( ! relation ( ,*ri/ to ! human race4 ,= ,*ri/1 z man1 is ! ,m$iator ( ,god & m51 z is writt51 #a ,tim4 #b3e2 & h5ce x behoov$ ,him to h grace :i* w\ld ov]fl[ ^u o!rs1 accord+ to ,john #a3af3 ,& ( ,8 fulness we h all receiv$1 & grace = grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ is ! true ,god 9 ,div9e ,p]son & ,nature4 ,yet because toge!r ) unity ( p]son !re rema9s di/9ction ( natures1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b71 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is n ess5tially ,div9e4 ,h5ce x behooves x to be ,div9e by p>ticipation1 :i* is by grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,to ,*ri/1 inasmu* z ,he is ! natural ,son ( ,god1 is due an et]nal inh]itance1 :i* is ! uncreat$ beatitude ?r\gh ! uncreat$ act ( k & love ( ,god1 i4e4 ! same :]eby ! ,fa!r kn[s & loves ,himself4 ,n[ ! s\l 0 n capable ( ?is act1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce ( natures4 ,h5ce x behoov$ x to atta9 to ,god by a creat$ act ( fruition :i* c\ld n be )\t grace4 ,likewise1 inasmu* z ,he 0 ! ,^w ( ,god1 ,he _h ! p[] ( do+ all ?+s well by ! ,div9e op]ation4 ,& because x is necess>y to admit a human op]ation1 di/9ct f ! ,div9e op]ation1 z w be %[n 7,q4 #ai1 ,a4 #a71 x 0 necess>y = ,him to h habitual grace1 :]eby ?is op]ation might be p]fect 9 ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! humanity ( ,*ri/ is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead--n1 inde$1 an inanimate in/rum5t1 :i* n[ise acts1 b is m]ely act$ ^u2 b an in/rum5t animat$ by a rational s\l1 :i* is s act$ ^u z to act4 ,& h5ce ! nature ( ! action dem&$ t he %\ld h habitual grace4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,7 ,virtues8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 no virtues4 ,= ,*ri/ _h ! pl5itude ( grace4 ,n[ grace is suffici5t = e good act1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #ab3i3 ,my grace is suffici5t = !e4 ,!re=e !re 7 no virtues 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 vii1 #a71 virtue is contra/$ ) a c]ta9 h]oic or godlike habit :i* is attribut$ to godlike m54 ,b ?is belongs *iefly to ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ _h n virtues1 b some?+ high] ?an virtue4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b71 all ! virtues are b\nd toge!r4 ,b x 0 n becom+ = ,*ri/ to h all ! virtues1 z is cle> 9 ! case ( lib]ality & magnific5ce1 = ^! h to d ) ri*es1 :i* ,*ri/ spurn$1 accord+ to ,matt4 #h3bj3 ,! ,son ( man ha? n :]e to lay ,8 head4 ,temp]ance & cont95ce also reg>d wick$ desires1 f :i* ,*ri/ 0 free4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ _h n ! virtues4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,ps4 #a3b1 ,b ,8 w is 9 ! law ( ! ,"l1 a gloss says3 ,?is ref]s to ,*ri/1 ,:o is full ( all good4 ,b a good quality ( ! m9d is a virtue4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 full ( all virtue4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d71 z grace reg>ds ! ess5ce ( ! s\l1 s does virtue reg>d its p[]4 ,h5ce x is necess>y t z ! p[]s ( ! s\l fl[ f its ess5ce1 s d ! virtues fl[ f grace4 ,n[ ! m p]fect a pr9ciple is1 ! m x impresses its effects4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ! grace ( ,*ri/ 0 mo/ p]fect1 !re fl[$ f x1 9 consequ5ce1 ! virtues :i* p]fect ! sev]al p[]s ( ! s\l = all ! s\l's acts2 & ?us ,*ri/ _h all ! virtues4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,grace suffices a man = all :]eby he is orda9$ to beatitude2 nev]!less1 x effects "s ( ^! by itself--z to make him pleas+ to ,god1 & ! l2 & "s o!rs ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! virtues :i* proce$ f grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,a h]oic or godlike habit only diff]s f virtue commonly s call$ by a m p]fect mode1 inasmu* z "o is dispos$ to good 9 a high] way ?an is common to all4 ,h5ce x is n h]eby prov$ t ,*ri/ _h n ! virtues1 b t ,he _h !m mo/ p]fectly beyond ! common mode4 ,9 ?is s5se ,plot9us gave to a c]ta9 sublime degree ( virtue ! "n ( virtue ( ! purifi$ s\l 7cf4 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #fa1 ,a4 #e74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,lib]ality & magnific5ce are praisewor?y 9 reg>d to ri*es1 inasmu* z anyone does n e/eem weal? to ! ext5t ( wi%+ to reta9 x1 s z to =ego :at ought to be done4 ,b he e/eems !m lea/ :o :olly despises !m1 & ca/s !m aside = love ( p]fection4 ,& h5ce by altoge!r contemn+ all ri*es1 ,*ri/ %[$ ! highe/ k9d ( lib]ality & magnific5ce2 al?\gh ,he also p]=m$ ! act ( lib]ality1 z f> z x became ,him1 by caus+ to be di/ribut$ to ! poor :at 0 giv5 to ,himself4 ,h5ce1 :5 our ,"l said to ,judas 7,john #ac3ba71 ,t :i* ?\ do/ d quickly1 ! disciples und]/ood our ,"l to h ord]$ him to give some?+ to ! poor4 ,b ,*ri/ _h no evil desires :atev]1 z w be %[n 7,q4 #ae1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b72 yet ,he 0 n !reby prev5t$ f hav+ temp]ance1 :i* is ! m p]fect 9 man1 z he is )\t evil desires4 ,h5ce1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 vii1 #i71 ! temp]ate man diff]s f ! cont95t 9 ?is--t ! temp]ate has n ! evil desires :i* ! cont95t suff]s4 ,h5ce1 tak+ cont95ce 9 ?is s5se1 z ! ,philosoph] takes x1 ,*ri/1 f ! v fact t ,he _h all virtue1 _h n cont95ce1 s9ce x is n a virtue1 b some?+ less ?an virtue4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,0 ,fai?8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,= fai? is a nobl] virtue ?an ! moral virtues1 e4g4 temp]ance & lib]ality4 ,n[ ^! 7 9 ,*ri/1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 0 !re fai? 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ did n tea* virtues :i* ,he _h n ,himself1 accord+ to ,acts #a3a3 ,jesus began to d & to tea*4 ,b ( ,*ri/ x is said 7,heb4 #ab3b7 t ,he is ! au?or & f9i%] ( our fai?4 ,!re=e !re 0 fai? 9 ,him be=e all o!rs4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ev]y?+ imp]fect is exclud$ f ! bless$4 ,b 9 ! bless$ !re is fai?2 = on ,rom4 #a3ag1 ! ju/ice ( ,god is reveal$ !re9 f fai? to fai?1 a gloss says3 ,f ! fai? ( words & hope to ! fai? ( ?+s & sight4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ also !re 0 fai?1 s9ce x implies no?+ imp]fect4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #aa3a73 ,fai? is ! evid5ce ( ?+s t appe> n4 ,b !re 0 no?+ t did n appe> to ,*ri/1 accord+ to :at ,pet] said to ,him 7,john #ba3ag73 ,?\ kn[e/ all ?+s4 ,!re=e !re 0 no fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #a1 ,a4 #d71 ! object ( fai? is a ,div9e ?+ n se54 ,n[ ! habit ( virtue1 z e o!r habit1 takes its species f ! object4 ,h5ce1 if we d5y t ! ,div9e ?+ 0 n se51 we exclude ! v ess5ce ( fai?4 ,n[ f ! fir/ mom5t ( ,8 conception ,*ri/ saw ,god's ,ess5ce fully1 z w be made cle> 7,q4 #cd1 ,a4 #a74 ,h5ce !re c\ld be no fai? 9 ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,fai? is a nobl] virtue ?an ! moral virtues1 see+ t x has to d ) nobl] matt]2 nev]!less1 x implies a c]ta9 defect ) reg>d to t matt]2 & ?is defect 0 n 9 ,*ri/4 ,& h5ce !re c\ld be no fai? 9 ,him1 al?\gh ! moral virtues 7 9 ,him1 s9ce 9 _! nature !y imply no defect ) reg>d to _! matt]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! m]it ( fai? consi/s 9 ?is--t man ?r\gh ob$i5ce ass5ts to :at ?+s he does n see1 accord+ to ,rom4 #a3e3 ,= ob$i5ce to ! fai? 9 all nations = ,8 "n4 ,n[ ,*ri/ _h mo/ p]fect ob$i5ce to ,god1 accord+ to ,phil4 #b3h3 ,becom+ ob$i5t unto dea?4 ,& h5ce ,he taught no?+ p]ta9+ to m]it :i* ,he did n fulfil m p]fectly ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z a gloss says 9 ! same place1 fai? is t :]eby su* ?+s z are n se5 are believ$4 ,b fai? 9 ?+s se5 is improp]ly s call$1 & only aft] a c]ta9 similitude ) reg>d to ! c]ta9ty & firmness ( ! ass5t4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g4 ,art4 #d ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,0 ,hope8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 hope 9 ,*ri/4 ,= x is said 9 ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ 7,ps4 #cj3a73 ,9 ,!e1 ,o ,"l1 h ,i hop$4 ,b ! virtue ( hope is t :]eby a man hopes 9 ,god4 ,!re=e ! virtue ( hope 0 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 hope is ! expectation ( ! bliss to come1 z 0 %[n above 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #ag1 ,a4 #e1 ad #c74 ,b ,*ri/ await$ some?+ p]ta9+ to bliss1 viz4 ! glorify+ ( ,8 body4 ,!re=e x seems !re 0 hope 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ev]yone may hope = :at p]ta9s to 8 p]fection1 if x has yet to come4 ,b !re 0 some?+ /ill to come p]ta9+ to ,*ri/'s p]fection1 accord+ to ,eph4 #d3ab3 ,= ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts1 = ! "w ( ! m9i/ry1 = ! build+ up ,d\ay3 'edify+' ( ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce x seems t x befitt$ ,*ri/ to h hope4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,rom4 #h3bd73 ,:at a man see?1 :y do? he hope =8 ,?us x is cle> t z fai? is ( ! unse51 s also is hope4 ,b !re 0 no fai? 9 ,*ri/1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a73 nei!r1 consequ5tly1 0 !re hope4 ,i answ] t1 ,z x is ( ! nature ( fai? t "o ass5ts to :at "o sees n1 s is x ( ! nature ( hope t "o expects :at z yet "o has n2 & z fai?1 =asmu* z x is a !ological virtue1 does n reg>d ev]y?+ unse51 b only ,god2 s likewise hope1 z a !ological virtue1 has ,god ,himself = its object1 ! fruition ( ,:om man *iefly expects by ! virtue ( hope2 yet1 9 consequ5ce1 :oev] has ! virtue ( hope may expect ! ,div9e aid 9 o!r ?+s1 ev5 z he :o has ! virtue ( fai? believes ,god n only 9 ,div9e ?+s1 b ev5 9 :atsoev] is div9ely reveal$4 ,n[ f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception ,*ri/ _h ! ,div9e fruition fully1 z w be %[n 7,q4 #cd1 ,a4 #d71 & h5ce he _h n ! virtue ( hope4 ,nev]!less ,he _h hope z reg>ds su* ?+s z ,he did n yet possess1 al?\gh ,he _h n fai? ) reg>d to any?+2 because1 al?\gh ,he knew all ?+s fully1 :]e=e fai? 0 altoge!r want+ to ,him1 nev]!less ,he did n z yet fully possess all t p]ta9$ to ,8 p]fection1 viz4 immortality & glory ( ! body1 :i* ,he c\ld hope =4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is is said ( ,*ri/ ) ref]5ce to hope1 n z a !ological virtue1 b inasmu* z ,he hop$ = "s o!r ?+s n yet possess$1 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! glory ( ! body does n p]ta9 to beatitude z be+ t 9 :i* beatitude pr9cipally consi/s1 b by a c]ta9 outp\r+ f ! s\l's glory1 z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #d1 ,a4 #f74 ,h5ce hope1 z a !ological virtue1 does n reg>d ! bliss ( ! body b ! s\l's bliss1 :i* consi/s 9 ! ,div9e fruition4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! build+ up ( ! *ur* by ! conv]sion ( ! fai?ful does n p]ta9 to ! p]fection ( ,*ri/1 :]eby ,he is p]fect 9 ,himself1 b inasmu* z x leads o!rs to a %>e ( ,8 p]fection4 ,& because hope prop]ly reg>ds :at is expect$ by him :o hopes1 ! virtue ( hope _c prop]ly be said to be 9 ,*ri/1 because ( ! a=esaid reason4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,7 ! ,gifts8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! gifts 7 n 9 ,*ri/4 ,=1 z is commonly said1 ! gifts are giv5 to help ! virtues4 ,b :at is p]fect 9 itself does n ne$ an ext]ior help4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! virtues ( ,*ri/ 7 p]fect1 x seems !re 7 no gifts 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to give & to receive gifts w\ld n seem to belong to ! same2 s9ce to give p]ta9s to "o :o has1 & to receive p]ta9s to "o :o has n4 ,b x belongs to ,*ri/ to give gifts accord+ to ,ps4 #fg3ai4 ,?\ ha/ giv5 gifts to m5 ,vulg43 ',?\ ha/ receiv$ gifts 9 m5'4 ,!re=e x 0 n becom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld receive gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 f\r gifts w\ld seem to p]ta9 to ! contemplation ( e>?1 viz4 wisdom1 k1 und]/&+1 & c\nsel :i* p]ta9s to prud5ce2 h5ce ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 vi1 #c7 enum]ates ^! ) ! intellectual virtues4 ,b ,*ri/ _h ! contemplation ( heav54 ,!re=e ,he _h n ^! gifts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #d3a73 ,sev5 wom5 %all take hold ( "o man3 on :i* a gloss says3 ,t is1 ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/ %all take hold ( ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #a71 ! gifts1 prop]ly1 are c]ta9 p]fections ( ! s\l's p[]s1 inasmu* z ^! h a natural aptitude to be mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 accord+ to ,luke #d3a3 ,& ,jesus1 be+ full ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 return$ f ! ,jordan1 & 0 l$ by ! ,_s into ! des]t4 ,h5ce x is manife/ t 9 ,*ri/ ! gifts 7 9 a pre-em95t degree4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:at is p]fect 9 ! ord] ( its nature ne$s to be help$ by some?+ ( a high] nature2 z man1 h[ev] p]fect1 ne$s to be help$ by ,god4 ,& 9 ?is way ! virtues1 :i* p]fect ! p[]s ( ! s\l1 z !y are controll$ by reason1 no matt] h[ p]fect !y are1 ne$ to be help$ by ! gifts1 :i* p]fect ! s\l's p[]s1 inasmu* z ^! are mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ is n a recipi5t & a giv] ( ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 9 ! same respect2 = ,he gives !m z ,god & receives !m z man4 ,h5ce ,gregory says 7,moral4 ii7 t ! ,holy ,gho/ nev] quitt$ ! human nature ( ,*ri/1 f ,^: ,div9e nature ,he proce$e?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n only heav5ly k1 b also e>?ly k1 z w be said 7,q4 #ae1 ,a4 #aj74 ,& yet ev5 9 heav5 ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/ w /ill exi/1 9 a c]ta9 mann]1 z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #f74 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,0 ! ,gift ( ,fe>8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! gift ( fe>4 ,= hope w\ld seem to be /rong] ?an fe>2 s9ce ! object ( hope is goodness1 & ( fe>1 evil1 z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #dj1 ,a4 #a2 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #db1 ,a4 #a74 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! virtue ( hope1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #d74 ,h5ce1 likewise1 !re 0 n ! gift ( fe> 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by ! gift ( fe> we fe> ei!r to be sep>at$ f ,god1 :i* p]ta9s to *a/e fe>--or to be puni%$ by ,him1 :i* p]ta9s to s]vile fe>1 z ,augu/9e says 7,9 ,joan4 ,tract4 ix74 ,b ,*ri/ did n fe> be+ sep>at$ f ,god by s91 nor be+ puni%$ by ,him on acc\nt ( a fault1 s9ce x 0 impossible = ,him to s91 z w be said 7,q4 #ae1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,n[ fe> is n ( ! impossible4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! gift ( fe>4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#a ,john #d3ah7 t p]fect *>ity ca/e? out fe>4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 mo/ p]fect *>ity1 accord+ to ,eph4 #c3ai3 ,! *>ity ( ,*ri/ :i* surpasse? all k4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! gift ( fe>4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #aa3c73 ,& ,he %all be fill$ ) ! _s ( ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #db1 ,a4 #a71 fe> reg>ds two objects1 "o ( :i* is an evil caus+ t]ror2 ! o!r is t by ^: p[] an evil c be inflict$1 z we fe> ! k+ inasmu* z he has ! p[] ( putt+ to dea?4 ,n[ :oev] c hurt w\ld n be fe>$ unless he _h a c]ta9 greatness ( might1 to :i* resi/ance c\ld n easily be (f]$2 = :at we easily repel we d n fe>4 ,& h5ce x is pla9 t no "o is fe>$ except = "s pre-em95ce4 ,& 9 ?is way x is said t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! fe> ( ,god1 n inde$ z x reg>ds ! evil ( sep>ation f ,god by fault1 nor z x reg>ds ! evil ( puni%m5t = fault2 b inasmu* z x reg>ds ! ,div9e pre-em95ce1 on acc\nt ( :i* ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 l$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 0 borne t[>ds ,god 9 an act ( rev]5ce4 ,h5ce x is said 7,heb4 #e3g7 t 9 all ?+s he 0 he>d = 8 rev]5ce4 ,= ,*ri/ z man _h ?is act ( rev]5ce t[>ds ,god 9 a full] s5se & beyond all o!rs4 ,& h5ce ,scripture attributes to ,him ! fulness ( ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! habits ( virtues & gifts reg>d goodness prop]ly & ( !mselves2 b evil1 consequ5tly2 s9ce x p]ta9s to ! nature ( virtue to r5d] acts good1 z is said ,e?ic4 ii1 #f4 ,& h5ce ! nature ( ! gift ( fe> reg>ds n t evil :i* fe> is conc]n$ )1 b ! pre-em95ce ( t goodness1 viz4 ( ,god1 by ,^: p[] evil may be inflict$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 hope1 z a virtue1 reg>ds n only ! au?or ( good1 b ev5 ! good itself1 z f> z x is n yet possess$4 ,& h5ce to ,*ri/1 ,:o already possess$ ! p]fect good ( beatitude1 we d n attribute ! virtue ( hope1 b we d attribute ! gift ( fe>4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is reason is bas$ on fe> 9 s f> z x reg>ds ! evil object4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,p]fect *>ity ca/s out s]vile fe>1 :i* pr9cipally reg>ds puni%m5t4 ,b ?is k9d ( fe> 0 n 9 ,*ri/4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,gratuit\s ,graces ,7 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! gratuit\s graces 7 n 9 ,*ri/4 ,= :oev] has any?+ 9 its fulness1 to him x does n p]ta9 to h x by p>ticipation4 ,n[ ,*ri/ has grace 9 its fulness1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,full ( grace & tru?4 ,b ! gratuit\s graces w\ld seem to be c]ta9 p>ticipations1 be/[$ di/ributively & p>ticul>ly ^u div]s subjects1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ab3d3 ,n[ !re are div]sities ( graces4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t !re 7 no gratuit\s graces 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is due to anyone w\ld n seem to be gratuit\sly be/[$ on him4 ,b x 0 due to ! man ,*ri/ t ,he %\ld ab\nd 9 ! ^w ( wisdom & k1 & to be mighty 9 do+ wond]ful works & ! l1 all ( :i* p]ta9 to gratuit\s graces3 s9ce ,he is ! p[] ( ,god & ! wisdom ( ,god1 z is writt5 #a ,cor4 #a3bd4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to h ! gratuit\s graces4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 gratuit\s graces are orda9$ to ! b5efit ( ! fai?ful4 ,b x does n seem t a habit :i* a man does n use is = ! b5efit ( o!rs1 accord+ to ,ecclus4 #bj3cb3 ,wisdom t is hid & treasure t is n se53 :at pr(it is !re 9 !m bo?8 ,n[ we d n read t ,*ri/ made use ( ^! gratuit\sly giv5 graces1 especially z reg>ds ! gift ( tongues4 ,!re=e n all ! gratuit\s graces 7 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,d>dan4 cclxxxvii7 t z 9 ! head are all ! s5ses1 s 9 ,*ri/ 7 all ! graces4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #c1 ,,aa4 #a1 #d71 ! gratuit\s graces are orda9$ = ! manife/ation ( fai? & spiritual doctr9e4 ,= x behooves him :o tea*es to h ! means ( mak+ 8 doctr9e cle>2 o!rwise 8 doctr9e w\ld be useless4 ,n[ ,*ri/ is ! fir/ & *ief tea*] ( spiritual doctr9e & fai?1 accord+ to ,heb4 #b3c1 #d3 ,:i* hav+ begun to be decl>$ by ! ,"l 0 confirm$ unto u by !m t he>d ,him1 ,god also be>+ !m witness by signs & wond]s4 ,h5ce x is cle> t all ! gratuit\s graces 7 mo/ excell5tly 9 ,*ri/1 z 9 ! fir/ & *ief tea*] ( ! fai?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z sanctify+ grace is orda9$ to m]itori\s acts bo? int]ior & ext]ior1 s likewise gratuit\s grace is orda9$ to c]ta9 ext]ior acts manife/ive ( ! fai?1 z ! work+ ( miracles1 & ! l4 ,n[ ( bo? ^! graces ,*ri/ _h ! fulness1 s9ce inasmu* z ,8 s\l 0 unit$ to ! ,godhead1 ,he _h ! p]fect p[] ( effect+ all ^! acts4 ,b o!r sa9ts :o are mov$ by ,god z sep>at$ & n unit$ in/rum5ts1 receive p[] 9 a p>ticul> mann] 9 ord] to br+ ab\t ?is or t act4 ,& h5ce 9 o!r sa9ts ^! graces are divid$1 b n 9 ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ is said to be ! p[] ( ,god & ! wisdom ( ,god1 inasmu* z ,he is ! ,et]nal ,son ( ,god4 ,b 9 ?is respect x does n p]ta9 to ,him to h grace1 b r to be ! be/[] ( grace2 b x p]ta9s to ,him 9 ,8 human nature to h grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! gift ( tongues 0 be/[$ on ! apo/les1 because !y 7 s5t to tea* all nations2 b ,*ri/ wi%$ to prea* p]sonally only 9 ! "o nation ( ! ,jews1 z ,he ,himself says 7,matt4 #ae3bd73 ,i 0 n s5t b to ! %eep t are lo/ ( ! h\se ( ,israel2 & ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #ae3h73 ,i say t ,*ri/ ,jesus 0 m9i/] ( ! circumcision4 ,& h5ce x 0 n necess>y = ,him to speak sev]al languages4 ,yet 0 a k ( all languages n want+ to ,him1 s9ce ev5 ! secrets ( he>ts1 ( :i* all words are signs1 7 n hidd5 f ,him1 z w be %[n 7,q4 #aj1 ,a4 #b74 ,nor 0 ?is k uselessly possess$1 j z x is n useless to h a habit1 :i* we d n use :5 !re is no occasion4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,0 ! ,gift ( ,prophecy8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! gift ( prophecy4 ,= prophecy implies a c]ta9 obscure & imp]fect k1 accord+ to ,num4 #ab3f3 ,if !re be among y a prophet ( ! ,"l1 ,i w appe> to him 9 a vision1 or ,i w speak to him 9 a dream4 ,b ,*ri/ _h full & unveil$ k1 mu* m ?an ,moses1 ( :om x is subjo9$ t pla9ly & n by riddles & figures do? he see ,god 7,num4 #f3h74 ,!re=e we ought n to admit prophecy 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z fai? has to d ) :at is n se51 & hope ) :at is n possess$1 s prophecy has to d ) :at is n pres5t1 b di/ant2 = a prophet means1 z x 71 a tell] ( f>-(f ?+s4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re c\ld be nei!r fai? nor hope1 z 0 said above 7,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,h5ce prophecy also ought n to be admitt$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a prophet is 9 an inf]ior ord] to an angel2 h5ce ,moses1 :o 0 ! greate/ ( ! prophets1 z 0 said above 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #agd1 ,a4 #d7 is said 7,acts #g3ch7 to h spok5 ) an angel 9 ! des]t4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 made l[] ?an ! angels1 n z to ! k ( ,8 s\l1 b only z reg>ds ! suff]+s ( ,8 body1 z is %[n ,heb4 #b3i4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ 0 n a prophet4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 ( ,him 7,deut4 #ah3ae73 ,?y ,god w raise up to !e a prophet ( ?y nation & ( ?y bre?r51 & ,he says ( ,himself 7,matt4 #ac3eg2 ,john #d3dd73 ,a prophet is n )\t honor1 save 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,i answ] t1 ,a prophet means1 z x 71 a tell] or se] ( f>-(f ?+s1 inasmu* z he kn[s & ann\nces :at ?+s are f> f m5's s5ses1 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xvi1 #ah74 ,n[ we mu/ be> 9 m9d t no "o c be call$ a prophet = kn[+ & ann\nc+ :at is di/ant f o!rs1 ) :om he is n4 ,& ?is is cle> 9 reg>d to place & "t4 ,= if anyone liv+ 9 ,france 7 to "k & ann\nce to o!rs liv+ 9 ,france :at ?+s 7 transpir+ 9 ,syria1 x w\ld be prophetical1 z ,eliseus told ,giezi 7#d ,k+s #e3bf7 h[ ! man _h leap$ d[n f 8 *>iot to meet him4 ,b if anyone liv+ 9 ,syria 7 to ann\nce :at ?+s 7 !re1 x w\ld n be prophetical4 ,& ! same appe>s 9 reg>d to "t4 ,= x 0 prophetical ( ,isaias to ann\nce t ,cyrus1 ,k+ ( ! ,p]sians1 w\ld rebuild ! temple ( ,god1 z is cle> f ,isa4 #dd3bh4 ,b x 0 n prophetical ( ,esdras to write x1 9 ^: "t x took place4 ,h5ce if ,god or angels1 or ev5 ! bless$1 "k & ann\nce :at is beyond our kn[+1 ?is does n p]ta9 to prophecy1 s9ce !y n[ise t\* our /ate4 ,n[ ,*ri/ be=e ,8 passion t\*$ our /ate1 inasmu* z ,he 0 n m]ely a compreh5sor1 b a wayf>]4 ,h5ce x 0 prophetical 9 ,him to "k & ann\nce :at 0 beyond ! k ( o!r wayf>]s3 & = ?is reason ,he is call$ a prophet4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^! words d n prove t enigmatical k1 viz4 by dream & vision1 belongs to ! nature ( prophecy2 b ! comp>ison is drawn betwe5 o!r prophets1 :o saw ,div9e ?+s 9 dreams & visions1 & ,moses1 :o saw ,god pla9ly & n by riddles1 & :o yet is call$ a prophet1 accord+ to ,deut4 #bd3aj3 ,& !re arose no m a prophet 9 ,israel l unto ,moses4 ,nev]!less x may be said t al?\gh ,*ri/ _h full & unveil$ k z reg>ds ! intellective "p1 yet 9 ! imag9ative "p ,he _h c]ta9 similitudes1 9 :i* ,div9e ?+s c\ld be view$1 inasmu* z ,he 0 n only a compreh5sor1 b a wayf>]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,fai? reg>ds su* ?+s z are unse5 by him :o believes2 & hope1 too1 is ( su* ?+s z are n possess$ by ! "o :o hopes2 b prophecy is ( su* ?+s z are beyond ! s5se ( m51 ) :om ! prophet dwells & conv]ses 9 ?is /ate ( life4 ,& h5ce fai? & hope are repugnant to ! p]fection ( ,*ri/'s beatitude2 b prophecy is n4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,angels1 be+ compreh5sors1 are above prophets1 :o are m]ely wayf>]s2 b n above ,*ri/1 ,:o 0 bo? a compreh5sor & a wayf>]4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,0 ! ,fulness ( ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! fulness ( grace4 ,= ! virtues fl[ f grace1 z 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #d74 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 n all ! virtues2 = !re 0 nei!r fai? nor hope 9 ,him1 z 0 %[n above 7,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! fulness ( grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z is pla9 f :at 0 said above 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaa1 ,a4 #b71 grace is divid$ into op]at+ & coop]at+4 ,n[ op]at+ grace signifies t :]eby ! ungodly is ju/ifi$1 :i* has no place 9 ,*ri/1 ,:o nev] lay "u any s94 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! fulness ( grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,james #a3ag73 ,e be/ gift & e p]fect gift is f above1 com+ d[n f ! ,fa!r ( lights4 ,b :at comes ?us is possess$ p>tially1 & n fully4 ,!re=e no creature1 n ev5 ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 c h ! fulness ( ! gifts ( grace4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #a3ad73 ,we saw ,him ,vulg43 ',8 glory' full ( grace & tru?4 ,i answ] t1 ,to h fully is to h :olly & p]fectly4 ,n[ totality & p]fection c be tak5 9 two ways3 ,fir/ z reg>ds _! int5sive quantity2 = in/ance1 ,i may say t "s man has :it5ess fully1 because he has z mu* ( x z c naturally be 9 him2 secondly1 z reg>ds p[]2 = in/ance1 if anyone be said to h life fully1 inasmu* z he has x 9 all ! effects or works ( life2 & ?us man has life fully1 b s5seless animals or plants h n4 ,n[ 9 bo? ^! ways ,*ri/ has ! fulness ( grace4 ,fir/1 s9ce ,he has grace 9 its highe/ degree1 9 ! mo/ p]fect way x c be _h4 ,& ?is appe>s1 fir/1 f ! ne>ness ( ,*ri/'s s\l to ! cause ( grace4 ,= x 0 said above 7,a4 #a7 t ! ne>] a recipi5t is to ! infl[+ cause1 ! m x receives4 ,& h5ce ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 :i* is m closely unit$ to ,god ?an all o!r rational creatures1 receives ! greate/ outp\r+ ( ,8 grace4 ,secondly1 9 ,8 relation to ! effect4 ,= ! s\l ( ,*ri/ s receiv$ grace1 t1 9 a mann]1 x is p\r$ out f x ^u o!rs4 ,& h5ce x behoov$ ,him to h ! greate/ grace2 z fire :i* is ! cause ( heat 9 o!r hot ?+s1 is ( all ?+s ! hotte/4 ,likewise1 z reg>ds ! virtue ( grace1 ,he _h grace fully1 s9ce ,he _h x = all ! op]ations & effects ( grace2 & ?is1 because grace 0 be/[$ on ,him1 z ^u a univ]sal pr9ciple 9 ! g5us ( su* z h grace4 ,n[ ! virtue ( ! fir/ pr9ciple ( a g5us univ]sally ext5ds itself to all ! effects ( t g5us2 ?us ! =ce ( ! sun1 :i* is ! univ]sal cause ( g5]ation1 z ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 i71 ext5ds to all ?+s t come "u g5]ation4 ,h5ce ! second fulness ( grace is se5 9 ,*ri/ inasmu* z ,8 grace ext5ds to all ! effects ( grace1 :i* are ! virtues1 gifts1 & ! l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,fai? & hope signify effects ( grace ) c]ta9 defects on ! "p ( ! recipi5t ( grace1 inasmu* z fai? is ( ! unse51 & hope ( :at is n yet possess$4 ,h5ce x 0 n necess>y t 9 ,*ri/1 ,:o is ! au?or ( grace1 !re %\ld be any defects su* z fai? & hope imply2 b :atev] p]fection is 9 fai? & hope 0 9 ,*ri/ mo/ p]fectly2 z 9 fire !re are n all ! modes ( heat :i* are defective by ! subject's defect1 b :atev] belongs to ! p]fection ( heat4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x p]ta9s ess5tially to op]at+ grace to ju/ify2 b t x makes ! ungodly to be j is accid5tal to x on ! "p ( ! subject1 9 :i* s9 is f\nd4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 ju/ifi$ by op]at+ grace1 inasmu* z x 0 r5d]$ j & holy by x f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception2 n t x 0 until !n s9ful1 or ev5 n j4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! fulness ( grace is attribut$ to ! s\l ( ,*ri/ accord+ to ! capacity ( ! creature & n by comp>ison ) ! inf9ite fulness ( ! ,div9e goodness4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ! ,fulness ( ,grace ,is ,prop] to ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! fulness ( grace is n prop] to ,*ri/4 ,= :at is prop] to anyone belongs to him alone4 ,b to be full ( grace is attribut$ to "s o!rs2 = x 0 said to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 7,luke #a3bh73 ,hail1 full ( grace2 & aga9 x is writt5 7,acts #f3h73 ,/eph51 full ( grace & =titude4 ,!re=e ! fulness ( grace is n prop] to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at c be communicat$ to o!rs ?r\gh ,*ri/ does n seem to be prop] to ,*ri/4 ,b ! fulness ( grace c be communicat$ to o!rs ?r\gh ,*ri/1 s9ce ! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #c3ai73 ,t y may be fill$ unto all ! fulness ( ,god4 ,!re=e ! fulness ( grace is n prop] to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! /ate ( ! wayf>] seems to be proportion$ to ! /ate ( ! compreh5sor4 ,b 9 ! /ate ( ! compreh5sor !re w be a c]ta9 fulness1 s9ce 9 our heav5ly c\ntry ) its fulness ( all good1 al?\gh "s ?+s are be/[$ 9 a pre-em95t way1 yet no?+ is possess$ s+ul>ly1 z is cle> f ,gregory 7,hom4 ,de ,c5t4 ,ovib42 xxxiv 9 ,ev474 ,!re=e 9 ! /ate ( ! compreh5sor ! fulness ( grace is possess$ by ev]yone1 & h5ce ! fulness ( grace is n prop] to ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! fulness ( grace is attribut$ to ,*ri/ inasmu* z ,he is ! only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,we saw ,him ,vulg43 ',8 glory' z x 7 4 4 4 ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & tru?4 ,b to be ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r is prop] to ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x is prop] to ,him to be full ( grace & tru?4 ,i answ] t1 ,! fulness ( grace may be tak5 9 two ways3 ,fir/1 on ! "p ( grace itself1 or secondly on ! "p ( ! "o :o has grace4 ,n[ on ! "p ( grace itself !re is said to be ! fulness ( grace :5 ! limit ( grace is atta9$1 z to ess5ce & p[]1 inasmu* z grace is possess$ 9 its highe/ possible excell5ce & 9 its greate/ possible ext5sion to all its effects4 ,& ?is fulness ( grace is prop] to ,*ri/4 ,b on ! "p ( ! subject !re is said to be ! fulness ( grace :5 anyone fully possesses grace accord+ to 8 condition--:e!r z reg>ds int5sity1 by reason ( grace be+ int5se 9 him1 to ! limit assign$ by ,god1 accord+ to ,eph4 #d3a3 ,b to e "o ( u is giv5 grace accord+ to ! measure ( ! giv+ ( ,*ri/--or z reg>ds p[]1 by reason ( a man hav+ ! help ( grace = all t belongs to 8 (fice or /ate1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #c3h73 ,to me1 ! lea/ ( all ! sa9ts1 is giv5 ?is grace 4 4 4 to enlight5 all m54 ,& ?is fulness ( grace is n prop] to ,*ri/1 b is communicat$ to o!rs by ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 is said to be full ( grace1 n on ! "p ( grace itself--s9ce %e _h n grace 9 its greate/ possible excell5ce--nor = all ! effects ( grace2 b %e is said to be full ( grace 9 ref]5ce to h]self1 i4e4 inasmu* z %e _h suffici5t grace = ! /ate to :i* ,god _h *os5 h]1 i4e4 to be ! "m ( ,8 ,only-begott54 ,s1 too1 ,/eph5 is said to be full ( grace1 s9ce he _h suffici5t grace to be a fit m9i/] & witness ( ,god1 to :i* (fice he _h be5 call$4 ,& ! same mu/ be said ( o!rs4 ,( ^! fulnesses "o is great] ?an ano!r1 accord+ z "o is div9ely pre-orda9$ to a high] or l[] /ate4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,apo/le is !re speak+ ( t fulness :i* has ref]5ce to ! subject1 9 comp>ison ) :at man is div9ely pre-orda9$ to2 & ?is is ei!r some?+ 9 common1 to :i* all ! sa9ts are pre-orda9$1 or some?+ special1 :i* p]ta9s to ! pre-em95ce ( "s4 ,& 9 ?is mann] a c]ta9 fulness ( grace is common to all ! sa9ts1 viz4 to h grace en\gh to m]it et]nal life1 :i* consi/s 9 ! enjoym5t ( ,god4 ,& ?is is ! fulness ( grace :i* ! ,apo/le desires = ! fai?ful to :om he writes4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^! gifts :i* are 9 common 9 heav51 viz43 vision1 possession & fruition1 & ! l1 h c]ta9 gifts correspond+ to !m 9 ?is life :i* are also common to all ! sa9ts4 ,yet !re are c]ta9 pr]ogatives ( sa9ts1 bo? 9 heav5 & on e>?1 :i* are n possess$ by all4 ,,elev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #aa ,:e!r ! ,grace ( ,*ri/ ,is ,inf9ite8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s grace is inf9ite4 ,= ev]y?+ immeasurable is inf9ite4 ,b ! grace ( ,*ri/ is immeasurable2 s9ce x is writt5 7,john #c3cd73 ,= ,god do? n give ! ,_s by measure to ,8 ,son 99',to ,8 ,son' is lack+ 9 ! ,vulgate1 namely ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ! grace ( ,*ri/ is inf9ite4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 an inf9ite effect betok5s an inf9ite p[] :i* c only spr+ f an inf9ite ess5ce4 ,b ! effect ( ,*ri/'s grace is inf9ite1 s9ce x ext5ds to ! salvation ( ! :ole human race2 = ,he is ! propitiation = our s9s 4 4 4 & = ^? ( ! :ole _w1 z is said 7#a ,john #b3b74 ,!re=e ! grace ( ,*ri/ is inf9ite4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 e f9ite ?+ by addition c atta9 to ! quantity ( any o!r f9ite ?+4 ,!re=e if ! grace ( ,*ri/ is f9ite ! grace ( any o!r man c\ld increase to su* an ext5t z to rea* to an equality ) ,*ri/'s grace1 aga9/ :at is writt5 7,job #bh3ag73 ,gold nor cry/al _c equal x1 z ,gregory exp\nds x 7,moral4 xviii74 ,!re=e ! grace ( ,*ri/ is inf9ite4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,grace is some?+ creat$ 9 ! s\l4 ,b e creat$ ?+ is f9ite1 accord+ to ,wis4 #aa3ba3 ,?\ ha/ ord]$ all ?+s 9 measure & numb] & weight4 ,!re=e ! grace ( ,*ri/ is n inf9ite4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 made cle> above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #aj71 a tw(old grace may be consid]$ 9 ,*ri/2 ! fir/ be+ ! grace ( union1 :i*1 z 0 said 7,q4 #f1 ,a4 #f71 is = ,him to be p]sonally unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god1 :i* union has be5 be/[$ gratis on ! human nature2 & x is cle> t ?is grace is inf9ite1 z ! ,p]son ( ,god is inf9ite4 ,! second is habitual grace2 :i* may be tak5 9 two ways3 fir/ z a be+1 & 9 ?is way x mu/ be a f9ite be+1 s9ce x is 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 z 9 a subject1 & ,*ri/'s s\l is a creature hav+ a f9ite capacity2 h5ce ! be+ ( grace _c be inf9ite1 s9ce x _c exce$ its subject4 ,secondly x may be view$ 9 its specific nature ( grace2 & ?us ! grace ( ,*ri/ c be t]m$ inf9ite1 s9ce x is n limit$1 i4e4 x has :atsoev] c p]ta9 to ! nature ( grace1 & :at p]ta9s to ! nature ( grace is n be/[$ on ,him 9 a fix$ measure2 see+ t accord+ to ! purpose ( ,god to ,:om x p]ta9s to measure grace1 x is be/[$ on ,*ri/'s s\l z on a univ]sal pr9ciple = be/[+ grace on human nature1 accord+ to ,eph4 #a3e1 #f1 ,he ha? grac$ u 9 ,8 belov$ ,son2 ?us we might say t ! light ( ! sun is inf9ite1 n inde$ 9 be+1 b 9 ! nature ( light1 z hav+ :atev] c p]ta9 to ! nature ( light4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 x is said t ! ,fa!r do? n give ! ,_s by measure1 x may be exp\nd$ ( ! gift :i* ,god ! ,fa!r f all et]nity gave ! ,son1 viz4 ! ,div9e ,nature1 :i* is an inf9ite gift4 ,h5ce ! comm5t ( a c]ta9 gloss3 ,s t ! ,son may be z great z ! ,fa!r is4 ,or aga91 x may be ref]r$ to ! gift :i* is giv5 ! human nature1 to be unit$ to ! ,div9e ,p]son1 & ?is also is an inf9ite gift4 ,h5ce a gloss says on ?is text3 ,z ! ,fa!r begot a full & p]fect ,^w1 x is unit$ ?us full & p]fect to human nature4 ,?irdly1 x may be ref]r$ to habitual grace1 inasmu* z ! grace ( ,*ri/ ext5ds to :atev] belongs to grace4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e exp\nd+ ?is 7,tract4 xiv 9 ,joan47 says3 ,! division ( ! gifts is a measurem5t4 ,= to "o inde$ by ! ,_s is giv5 ! ^w ( wisdom1 to ano!r ! ^w ( k4 ,b ,*ri/ ! giv] does n receive by measure4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! grace ( ,*ri/ has an inf9ite effect1 bo? because ( ! a=esaid inf9ity ( grace1 & because ( ! unity 99,p]haps we %\ld read 'inf9ity'--,ed4 ( ! ,div9e ,p]son1 to ,:om ,*ri/'s s\l is unit$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! less] c atta9 by augm5t to ! quantity ( ! great]1 :5 bo? h ! same k9d ( quantity4 ,b ! grace ( any man is comp>$ to ! grace ( ,*ri/ z a p>ticul> to a univ]sal p[]2 h5ce z ! =ce ( fire1 no matt] h[ mu* x increases1 c nev] equal ! sun's /r5g?1 s ! grace ( a man1 no matt] h[ mu* x increases1 c nev] equal ! grace ( ,*ri/4 ,,twelf? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #ab ,:e!r ! ,grace ( ,*ri/ ,c\ld ,increase8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! grace ( ,*ri/ c\ld increase4 ,= to e f9ite ?+ addition c be made4 ,b ! grace ( ,*ri/ 0 f9ite4 ,!re=e x c\ld increase4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is by ,div9e p[] t grace is increas$1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #i3h3 ,& ,god is able to make all grace ab\nd 9 y4 ,b ! ,div9e p[]1 be+ inf9ite1 is conf9$ by no limits4 ,!re=e x seems t ! grace ( ,*ri/ c\ld h be5 great]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,luke #b3eb7 t ! *ild ,jesus advanc$ 9 wisdom & age & grace ) ,god & m54 ,!re=e ! grace ( ,*ri/ c\ld increase4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #a3ad73 ,we saw ,him ,vulg43 ',8 glory' z x 7 4 4 4 ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & tru?4 ,b no?+ c be or c be ?\ght great] ?an t anyone %\ld be ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r4 ,!re=e no great] grace c be or c be ?\ght ?an t ( :i* ,*ri/ 0 full4 ,i answ] t1 ,= a =m to be incapable ( increase happ5s 9 two ways3 ,fir/ on ! "p ( ! subject2 secondly1 on ! "p ( ! =m itself4 ,on ! "p ( ! subject1 inde$1 :5 ! subject rea*es ! utmo/ limit :]e9 x p>takes ( ?is =m1 aft] its own mann]1 e4g4 if we say t air _c increase 9 heat1 :5 x has rea*$ ! utmo/ limit ( heat :i* c exi/ 9 ! nature ( air1 al?\gh !re may be great] heat 9 actual exi/5ce1 viz4 ! heat ( fire4 ,b on ! "p ( ! =m1 ! possibility ( increase is exclud$ :5 a subject rea*es ! utmo/ p]fection :i* ?is =m c h by nature1 e4g4 if we say ! heat ( fire _c be increas$ because !re _c be a m p]fect grade ( heat ?an t to :i* fire atta9s4 ,n[ ! prop] measure ( grace1 l t ( o!r =ms1 is det]m9$ by ! ,div9e wisdom1 accord+ to ,wis4 #aa3ba3 ,?\ ha/ ord]$ all ?+s 9 numb]1 weight & measure4 ,& x is ) ref]5ce to its end t a measure is set to e =m1 z !re is no great] gravity ?an t ( ! e>?1 because !re is no l[] place ?an t ( ! e>?4 ,n[ ! end ( grace is ! union ( ! rational creature ) ,god4 ,b !re c nei!r be nor be ?\ght a great] union ( ! rational creature ) ,god ?an t :i* is 9 ! ,p]son4 ,& h5ce ! grace ( ,*ri/ rea*$ ! highe/ measure ( grace4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ! grace ( ,*ri/ _c be increas$ on ! "p ( grace4 ,b nei!r c x be increas$ on ! "p ( ! subject1 s9ce ,*ri/ z man 0 a true & full compreh5sor f ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,h5ce !re c\ld h be5 no increase ( grace 9 ,him1 z !re c\ld be none 9 ! re/ ( ! bless$1 ^: grace c\ld n increase1 see+ t !y h rea*$ _! la/ end4 ,b z reg>ds m5 :o are :olly wayf>]s1 _! grace c be increas$ n m]ely on ! "p ( ! =m1 s9ce !y h n atta9$ ! highe/ degree ( grace1 b also on ! "p ( ! subject1 s9ce !y h n yet atta9$ _! end4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,if we speak ( ma!matical quantity1 addition c be made to any f9ite quantity1 s9ce !re is no?+ on ! "p ( f9ite quantity :i* is repugnant to addition4 ,b if we speak ( natural quantity1 !re may be repugnance on ! "p ( ! =m to :i* a det]m9$ quantity is due1 ev5 z o!r accid5ts are det]m9$4 ,h5ce ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,anima ii1 #da7 t !re is naturally a t]m ( all ?+s1 & a fix$ limit ( magnitude & increase4 ,& h5ce to ! quantity ( ! :ole !re c be no addition4 ,& /ill m mu/ we suppose a t]m 9 ! =ms !mselves1 beyond :i* !y may n g4 ,h5ce x is n necess>y t addition %\ld be capable ( be+ made to ,*ri/'s grace1 al?\gh x is f9ite 9 its ess5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ! ,div9e p[] c make some?+ great] & bett] ?an ! habitual grace ( ,*ri/1 yet x c\ld n make x to be orda9$ to any?+ great] ?an ! p]sonal union ) ! ,only-begott5 ,son ( ! ,fa!r2 & to ?is union1 by ! purpose ( ! ,div9e wisdom1 ! measure ( grace is suffici5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,anyone may increase 9 wisdom & grace 9 two ways4 ,fir/ inasmu* z ! v habits ( wisdom & grace are increas$2 & 9 ?is way ,*ri/ did n increase4 ,secondly1 z reg>ds ! effects1 i4e4 inasmu* z !y d wis] & great] works2 & 9 ?is way ,*ri/ increas$ 9 wisdom & grace ev5 z 9 age1 s9ce 9 ! c\rse ( "t ,he did m p]fect works1 to prove ,himself true man1 bo? 9 ! ?+s ( ,god1 & 9 ! ?+s ( man4 ,,?irte5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #g1 ,art4 #ac ,:e!r ! ,habitual ,grace ( ,*ri/ ,foll[$ ,aft] ! ,union8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! habitual grace did n foll[ aft] ! union4 ,= no?+ foll[s itself4 ,b ?is habitual grace seems to be ! same z ! grace ( union2 = ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pra$e/4 ,sanct4 xv73 ,e man becomes a ,*ri/ian f ! beg9n+ ( 8 belief1 by ! same grace :]eby ?is ,man f ,8 beg9n+ became ,*ri/2 & ( ^! two ! fir/ p]ta9s to habitual grace & ! second to ! grace ( union4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t habitual grace did n foll[ ^u ! union4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 disposition prec$es p]fection1 if n 9 "t1 at lea/ 9 ?\ght4 ,b ! habitual grace seems to be a disposition 9 human nature = ! p]sonal union4 ,!re=e x seems t ! habitual grace did n foll[ b r prec$$ ! union4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! common prec$es ! prop]4 ,b habitual grace is common to ,*ri/ & o!r m52 & ! grace ( union is prop] to ,*ri/4 ,!re=e habitual grace is prior 9 ?\ght to ! union4 ,!re=e x does n foll[ x4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #db3a73 ,behold my s]vant1 ,i w uphold ,him 4 4 4 & f>!r on3 ,i h giv5 ,my ,_s ^u ,him2 & ?is p]ta9s to ! gift ( habitual grace4 ,h5ce x rema9s t ! assumption ( human nature to ! unity ( ! ,p]son prec$$ ! habitual grace ( ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,! union ( ! human nature ) ! ,div9e ,p]son1 :i*1 z we h said above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #aj2 ,q4 #f1 ,a4 #f71 is ! grace ( union1 prec$es ! habitual grace ( ,*ri/1 n 9 ord] ( "t1 b by nature & 9 ?\ght2 & ?is = a triple reason3 ,fir/1 ) ref]5ce to ! ord] ( ! pr9ciples ( bo?4 ,= ! pr9ciple ( ! union is ! ,p]son ( ! ,son assum+ human nature1 ,:o is said to be s5t into ! _w1 inasmu* z ,he assum$ human nature2 b ! pr9ciple ( habitual grace1 :i* is giv5 ) *>ity1 is ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o is said to be s5t inasmu* z ,he dwells 9 ! m9d by *>ity4 ,n[ ! mission ( ! ,son is prior1 9 ! ord] ( nature1 to ! mission ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ev5 z 9 ! ord] ( nature ! ,holy ,gho/ proce$s f ! ,son1 & love f wisdom4 ,h5ce ! p]sonal union1 accord+ to :i* ! mission ( ! ,son took place1 is prior 9 ! ord] ( nature to habitual grace1 accord+ to :i* ! mission ( ! ,holy ,gho/ takes place4 ,secondly1 ! reason ( ?is ord] may be tak5 f ! relation ( grace to its cause4 ,= grace is caus$ 9 man by ! pres5ce ( ! ,godhead1 z light 9 ! air by ! pres5ce ( ! sun4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,eze*4 #dc3b73 ,! glory ( ! ,god ( ,israel came 9 by ! way ( ! ea/ 4 4 4 & ! e>? %one ) ,8 maje/y4 ,b ! pres5ce ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ is by ! union ( human nature ) ! ,div9e ,p]son4 ,h5ce ! habitual grace ( ,*ri/ is und]/ood to foll[ ?is union1 z light foll[s ! sun4 ,?irdly1 ! reason ( ?is union c be tak5 f ! end ( grace1 s9ce x is orda9$ to act+ rightly1 & action belongs to ! suppositum & ! individual4 ,h5ce action &1 9 consequ5ce1 grace orda9+ !reto1 presuppose ! hypo/asis :i* op]ates4 ,n[ ! hypo/asis did n exi/ 9 ! human nature be=e ! union1 z is cle> f ,q4 #d1 ,a4 #b4 ,!re=e ! grace ( union prec$es1 9 ?\ght1 habitual grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,augu/9e "h means by grace ! gratuit\s w ( ,god1 be/[+ b5efits gratis2 & h5ce e man is said to be made a ,*ri/ian by ! same grace :]eby a ,man became ,*ri/1 s9ce bo? take place by ! gratuit\s w ( ,god )\t m]its4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z disposition 9 ! ord] ( g5]ation prec$es ! p]fection to :i* x disposes1 9 su* ?+s z are gradually p]fect$2 s x naturally foll[s ! p]fection :i* "o has already obta9$2 z heat1 :i* 0 a disposition to ! =m ( fire1 is an effect fl[+ f ! =m ( already exi/+ fire4 ,n[ ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ is unit$ to ! ,p]son ( ! ,^w f ! beg9n+ )\t succession4 ,h5ce habitual grace is n und]/ood to h prec$$ ! union1 b to h foll[$ x2 z a natural prop]ty4 ,h5ce1 z ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xl73 ,grace is 9 a mann] natural to ! ,man ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! common prec$es ! prop]1 :5 bo? are ( ! same g5us2 b :5 !y are ( div]s g5]a1 !re is no?+ to prev5t ! prop] be+ prior to ! common4 ,n[ ! grace ( union is n 9 ! same g5us z habitual grace2 b is above all g5]a ev5 z ! ,div9e ,p]son ,himself4 ,h5ce !re is no?+ to prev5t ?is prop] f be+ be=e ! common s9ce x does n result f some?+ be+ add$ to ! common1 b is r ! pr9ciple & s\rce ( t :i* is common4 ,,"q #h ,,( ,,! ,,grace ,,( ,,*ri/1 ,,z ,,he ,,is ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! grace ( ,*ri/ z ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*2 & "u ?is head !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he is ! ,head ( m5 z reg>ds _! bodies or only z reg>ds _! s\ls8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he is ! ,head ( all m58 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he is ! ,head ( ! angels8 7#e7 ,:e!r ! grace ( ,*ri/ z ,head ( ! ,*ur* is ! same z ,8 habitual grace z an individual man8 7#f7 ,:e!r to be ,head ( ! ,*ur* is prop] to ,*ri/8 7#g7 ,:e!r ! devil is ! head ( all ! wick$8 7#h7 ,:e!r ,anti*ri/ c be call$ ! head ( all ! wick$8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #h1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x does n belong to ,*ri/ z man to be ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= ! head imp>ts s5se & motion to ! memb]s4 ,n[ spiritual s5se & motion :i* are by grace1 are n imp>t$ to u by ! ,man ,*ri/1 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #ab2 xv1 #bd71 n ev5 ,*ri/1 z man1 b only z ,god1 be/[s ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x does n belong to ,him z man to be ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is n fitt+ = ! head to h a head4 ,b ,god is ! ,head ( ,*ri/1 z man1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aa3c1 ,! ,head ( ,*ri/ is ,god4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ ,himself is n a head4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!rmore1 ! head ( a man is a p>ticul> memb]1 receiv+ an influx f ! he>t4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! univ]sal pr9ciple ( ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,!re=e ,he is n ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eph4 #a3bb73 ,& ,he 4 4 4 ha? made ,him head ov] all ! ,*ur*4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! :ole ,*ur* is t]m$ "o my/ic body f its lik5ess to ! natural body ( a man1 :i* 9 div]s memb]s has div]s acts1 z ! ,apo/le tea*es 7,rom4 #ab2 #a ,cor4 #ab71 s likewise ,*ri/ is call$ ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* f a lik5ess ) ! human head1 9 :i* we may consid] ?ree ?+s1 viz4 ord]1 p]fection1 & p[]3 ,ord]1 inde$2 = ! head is ! fir/ "p ( man1 beg9n+ f ! high] "p2 & h5ce x is t e pr9ciple is usually call$ a head accord+ to ,eze*4 #af3be3 ,at e head ( ! way1 ?\ ha/ set up a sign ( ?y pro/itution--,p]fection1 inasmu* z 9 ! head dwell all ! s5ses1 bo? int]ior & ext]ior1 :]eas 9 ! o!r memb]s !re is only t\*1 & h5ce x is said 7,isa4 #i3ae73 ,! ag$ & honorable1 he is ! head--,p[]1 because ! p[] & movem5t ( ! o!r memb]s1 toge!r ) ! direction ( !m 9 _! acts1 is f ! head1 by reason ( ! s5sitive & motive p[] !re rul+2 h5ce ! rul] is call$ ! head ( a p1 accord+ to #a ,k+s #ae3ag3 ,:5 ?\ wa/ a little "o 9 ?y own eyes1 wa/ ?\ n made ! head ( ! tribes ( ,israel8 ,n[ ^! ?ree ?+s belong spiritually to ,*ri/4 ,fir/1 on acc\nt ( ,8 ne>ness to ,god ,8 grace is ! highe/ & fir/1 ?\gh n 9 "t1 s9ce all h receiv$ grace on acc\nt ( ,8 grace1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3bi3 ,= :om ,he =eknew1 ,he also pr$e/9at$ to be made con=mable to ! image ( ,8 ,son2 t ,he might be ! fir/-born among/ _m bre?r54 ,secondly1 ,he _h p]fection z reg>ds ! fulness ( all graces1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad1 ,we saw ,him ,vulg43 ',8 glory' 4 4 4 full ( grace & tru?1 z 0 %[n 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #i74 ,?irdly1 ,he has ! p[] ( be/[+ grace on all ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 accord+ to ,john #a3af3 ,( ,8 fulness we h all receiv$4 ,& ?us x is pla9 t ,*ri/ is fitt+ly call$ ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,to give grace or ! ,holy ,gho/ belongs to ,*ri/ z ,he is ,god1 au?oritatively2 b in/rum5tally x belongs also to ,him z man1 inasmu* z ,8 manhood is ! in/rum5t ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,& h5ce by ! p[] ( ! ,godhead ,8 actions 7 b5eficial1 i4e4 by caus+ grace 9 u1 bo? m]itori\sly & effici5tly4 ,b ,augu/9e d5ies t ,*ri/ z man gives ! ,holy ,gho/ au?oritatively4 ,ev5 o!r sa9ts are said to give ! ,holy ,gho/ in/rum5tally1 or m9i/]ially1 accord+ to ,gal4 #c3e3 ,he 4 4 4 :o give? to y ! ,_s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 metaphorical spee* we mu/ n expect a lik5ess 9 all respects2 = ?us !re w\ld be n lik5ess b id5tity4 ,accord+ly a natural head has n ano!r head because "o human body is n "p ( ano!r2 b a metaphorical body1 i4e4 an ord]$ multitude1 is "p ( ano!r multitude z ! dome/ic multitude is "p ( ! civil multitude2 & h5ce ! fa!r :o is head ( ! dome/ic multitude has a head above him1 i4e4 ! civil gov]nor4 ,& h5ce !re is no reason :y ,god %\ld n be ! ,head ( ,*ri/1 al?\gh ,*ri/ ,himself is ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! head has a manife/ pre-em95ce ov] ! o!r ext]ior memb]s2 b ! he>t has a c]ta9 hidd5 influ5ce4 ,& h5ce ! ,holy ,gho/ is lik5$ to ! he>t1 s9ce ,he invisibly quick5s & unifies ! ,*ur*2 b ,*ri/ is lik5$ to ! ,head 9 ,8 visible nature 9 :i* man is set ov] man4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #h1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,is ! ,head ( ,m5 ,z to ,_! ,bodies or ,only ,z to ,_! ,s\ls8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ is n ! ,head ( m5 z to _! bodies4 ,= ,*ri/ is said to be ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* inasmu* z ,he be/[s spiritual s5se & ! movem5t ( grace on ! ,*ur*4 ,b a body is n capable ( ?is spiritual s5se & movem5t4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n ! ,head ( m5 z reg>ds _! bodies4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 we %>e bodies ) ! brutes4 ,if !re=e ,*ri/ 0 ! ,head ( m5 z to _! bodies1 x w\ld foll[ t ,he 0 ! ,head ( brute animals2 & ?is is n fitt+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ took ,8 body f o!r m51 z is cle> f ,matt4 #a & ,luke #c4 ,b ! head is ! fir/ ( ! memb]s1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c74 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* z reg>ds bodies4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,phil4 #c3ba73 ,:o w re=m ! body ( our l[ness1 made l to ! body ( ,8 glory4 ,i answ] t1 ,! human body has a natural relation to ! rational s\l1 :i* is its prop] =m & motor4 ,inasmu* z ! s\l is its =m1 x receives f ! s\l life & ! o!r prop]ties :i* belong specifically to man2 b inasmu* z ! s\l is its motor1 ! body s]ves ! s\l in/rum5tally4 ,!re=e we mu/ hold t ! manhood ( ,*ri/ _h ! p[] ( influ5ce1 inasmu* z x is unit$ to ! ,^w ( ,god1 to ,:om ,8 body is unit$ ?r\gh ! s\l1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #f1 ,a4 #a74 ,h5ce ! :ole manhood ( ,*ri/1 i4e4 accord+ to s\l & body1 influ5ces all1 bo? 9 s\l & body2 b pr9cipally ! s\l1 & second>ily ! body3 ,fir/1 inasmu* z ! memb]s ( ! body are pres5t$ z in/rum5ts ( ju/ice 9 ! s\l t lives ?r\gh ,*ri/1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #f3ac73 secondly1 inasmu* z ! life ( glory fl[s f ! s\l on to ! body1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3aa3 ,he t rais$ up ,jesus f ! dead %all quick5 also y\r mortal bodies1 because ( ,8 ,_s t dwelle? 9 y4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! spiritual s5se ( grace does n rea* to ! body fir/ & pr9cipally1 b second>ily & in/rum5tally1 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! body ( an animal has no relation to a rational s\l1 z ! human body has4 ,h5ce !re is no p>ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ drew ! matt] ( ,8 body f o!r m51 yet all draw f ,him ! immortal life ( _! body1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ae3bb3 ,& z 9 ,adam all die1 s also 9 ,*ri/ all %all be made alive4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #h1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,is ! ,head ( ,all ,m58 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ is n ! ,head ( all m54 ,= ! head has no relation except to ! memb]s ( its body4 ,n[ ! unbaptiz$ are n[ise memb]s ( ! ,*ur* :i* is ! body ( ,*ri/1 z x is writt5 7,eph4 #a3bc74 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n ! ,head ( all m54 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le writes to ! ,ephesians 7#e3be1 #bg73 ,*ri/ deliv]$ ,himself up = ! ,*ur* t ,he might pres5t x to ,himself a glori\s ,*ur*1 n hav+ spot or wr9kle or any su* ?+4 ,b !re are _m ( ! fai?ful 9 :om is f\nd ! spot or ! wr9kle ( s94 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n ! ,head ( all ! fai?ful4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law are comp>$ to ,*ri/ z ! %ad[ to ! body1 z is writt5 7,col4 #b3ag74 ,b ! fa!rs ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 _! day s]v$ unto ^! sacram5ts1 accord+ to ,heb4 #h3e3 ,:o s]ve unto ! example & %ad[ ( heav5ly ?+s4 ,h5ce !y did n p]ta9 to ,*ri/'s body1 & !re=e ,*ri/ is n ! ,head ( all m54 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7#a ,tim4 #d3aj73 ,:o is ! ,savi\r ( all m51 especially ( ! fai?ful1 & 7#a ,john #b3b73 ,he is ! propitiation = our s9s1 & n = ours only1 b also = ^? ( ! :ole _w4 ,n[ to save m5 & to be a propitiation = _! s9s belongs to ,*ri/ z ,head4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is ! ,head ( all m54 ,i answ] t1 ,?is is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! natural body ( man & ! ,*ur*'s my/ical body1 t ! memb]s ( ! natural body are all toge!r1 & ! memb]s ( ! my/ical are n all toge!r--nei!r z reg>ds _! natural be+1 s9ce ! body ( ! ,*ur* is made up ( ! m5 :o h be5 f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w until its end--nor z reg>ds _! sup]natural be+1 s9ce1 ( ^? :o are at any "o "t1 "s !re are :o are )\t grace1 yet w aft]w>ds obta9 x1 & "s h x already4 ,we mu/ !re=e consid] ! memb]s ( ! my/ical body n only z !y are 9 act1 b z !y are 9 pot5tiality4 ,nev]!less1 "s are 9 pot5tiality :o w nev] be r$uc$ to act1 & "s are r$uc$ at "s "t to act2 & ?is accord+ to ! triple class1 ( :i* ! fir/ is by fai?1 ! second by ! *>ity ( ?is life1 ! ?ird by ! fruition ( ! life to come4 ,h5ce we mu/ say t if we take ! :ole "t ( ! _w 9 g5]al1 ,*ri/ is ! ,head ( all m51 b div]sely4 ,=1 fir/ & pr9cipally1 ,he is ! ,head ( su* z are unit$ to ,him by glory2 secondly1 ( ^? :o are actually unit$ to ,him by *>ity2 ?irdly1 ( ^? :o are actually unit$ to ,him by fai?2 f\r?ly1 ( ^? :o are unit$ to ,him m]ely 9 pot5tiality1 :i* is n yet r$uc$ to act1 yet w be r$uc$ to act accord+ to ,div9e pr$e/9ation2 fif?ly1 ( ^? :o are unit$ to ,him 9 pot5tiality1 :i* w nev] be r$uc$ to act2 su* are ^? m5 exi/+ 9 ! _w1 :o are n pr$e/9$1 :o1 h[ev]1 on _! dep>ture f ?is _w1 :olly cease to be memb]s ( ,*ri/1 z be+ no long] 9 pot5tiality to be unit$ to ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^? :o are unbaptiz$1 ?\gh n actually 9 ! ,*ur*1 are 9 ! ,*ur* pot5tially4 ,& ?is pot5tiality is root$ 9 two ?+s--fir/ & pr9cipally1 9 ! p[] ( ,*ri/1 :i* is suffici5t = ! salvation ( ! :ole human race2 secondly1 9 free-w4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,to be a glori\s ,*ur* n hav+ spot or wr9kle is ! ultimate end to :i* we are br\ght by ! ,passion ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce ?is w be 9 heav51 & n on e>?1 9 :i* if we say we h no s91 we deceive ourselves1 z is writt5 7#a ,john #a3h74 ,nev]!less1 !re are "s1 viz4 mortal1 s9s f :i* !y are free :o are memb]s ( ,*ri/ by ! actual union ( *>ity2 b su* z are ta9t$ ) ^! s9s are n memb]s ( ,*ri/ actually1 b pot5tially2 except1 p]haps1 imp]fectly1 by =mless fai?1 :i* unites to ,god1 relatively b n simply1 viz4 s t man p>take ( ! life ( grace4 ,=1 z is writt5 7,james #b3bj73 ,fai? )\t works is dead4 ,yet su* z ^! receive f ,*ri/ a c]ta9 vital act1 i4e4 to believe1 z if a lifeless limb 7 mov$ by a man to "s ext5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! holy ,fa!rs made use ( ! legal sacram5ts1 n z realities1 b z images & %ad[s ( :at 0 to come4 ,n[ x is ! same motion to an image z image1 & to ! reality1 z is cle> f ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,memor4 et ,rem94 ii74 ,h5ce ! anci5t ,fa!rs1 by obs]v+ ! legal sacram5ts1 7 borne to ,*ri/ by ! same fai? & love :]eby we also are borne to ,him1 & h5ce ! anci5t ,fa!rs belong to ! same ,*ur* z we4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #h1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,is ! ,head ( ! ,angels8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ z man is n ! head ( ! angels4 ,= ! head & memb]s are ( "o nature4 ,b ,*ri/ z man is n ( ! same nature ) ! angels1 b only ) m51 s9ce1 z is writt5 7,heb4 #b3af73 ,= n[h]e do? ,he take hold ( ! angels1 b ( ! se$ ( ,abraham ,he take? hold4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z man is n ! head ( ! angels4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is ! head ( su* z belong to ! ,*ur*1 :i* is ,8 ,body1 z is writt5 7,eph4 #a3bc74 ,b ! angels d n belong to ! ,*ur*4 ,= ! ,*ur* is ! congregation ( ! fai?ful3 & 9 ! angels !re is no fai?1 = !y d n walk by fai? b by sight1 o!rwise !y w\ld be abs5t f ! ,"l1 z ! ,apo/le argues 7#b ,cor4 #e3f1 #g74 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z man is n head ( ! angels4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xix2 xxiii 9 ,joan471 t z ! ,^w :i* 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ! ,fa!r quick5s s\ls1 s ! ,^w made fle% quick5s bodies1 :i* angels lack4 ,b ! ,^w made fle% is ,*ri/ z man4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z man does n give life to angels1 & h5ce z man ,he is n ! head ( ! angels4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,col4 #b3aj71 ,:o is ! head ( all ,pr9cipality & ,p[]1 & ! same reason holds good ) ! o!r ord]s ( angels4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is ! ,head ( ! angels4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 :]e !re is "o body we mu/ all[ t !re is "o head4 ,n[ a multitude orda9$ to "o end1 ) di/9ct acts & duties1 may be metaphorically call$ "o body4 ,b x is manife/ t bo? m5 & angels are orda9$ to "o end1 :i* is ! glory ( ! ,div9e fruition4 ,h5ce ! my/ical body ( ! ,*ur* consi/s n only ( m5 b ( angels4 ,n[ ( all ?is multitude ,*ri/ is ! ,head1 s9ce ,he is ne>] ,god1 & %>es ,8 gifts m fully1 n only ?an man1 b ev5 ?an angels2 & ( ,8 influ5ce n only m5 b ev5 angels p>take1 s9ce x is writt5 7,eph4 #a3bj-bb73 t ,god ! ,fa!r set ,him1 namely ,*ri/1 on ,8 "r h& 9 ! heav5ly places1 above all ,pr9cipality & ,p[] & ,virtue & ,dom9ion & e "n t is nam$ n only 9 ?is _w1 b also 9 t :i* is to come4 ,& ,he ha? subject$ all ?+s "u ,8 feet4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n only ! ,head ( m51 b ( angels4 ,h5ce we read 7,matt4 #d3aa7 t angels came & m9i/]$ to ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s influ5ce ov] m5 is *iefly ) reg>d to _! s\ls2 :]e9 m5 agree ) angels 9 g5]ic nature1 ?\gh n 9 specific nature4 ,by reason ( ?is agreem5t ,*ri/ c be said to be ! ,head ( ! angels1 al?\gh ! agreem5t falls %ort z reg>ds ! body4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,*ur*1 on e>?1 is ! congregation ( ! fai?ful2 b1 9 heav51 x is ! congregation ( compreh5sors4 ,n[ ,*ri/ 0 n m]ely a wayf>]1 b a compreh5sor4 ,& !re=e ,he is ! ,head n m]ely ( ! fai?ful1 b ( compreh5sors1 z hav+ grace & glory mo/ fully4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,augu/9e "h uses ! similitude ( cause & effect1 i4e4 inasmu* z corporeal ?+s act on bodies1 & spiritual ?+s on spiritual ?+s4 ,nev]!less1 ! humanity ( ,*ri/1 by virtue ( ! spiritual nature1 i4e4 ! ,div9e1 c cause some?+ n only 9 ! spirits ( m51 b also 9 ! spirits ( angels1 on acc\nt ( its mo/ close conjunction ) ,god1 i4e4 by p]sonal union4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #h1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,grace ( ,*ri/1 ,z ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 ,is ! ,same ,z ,8 ,habitual ,grace1 ,inasmu* ,z ,he ,is ,man8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! grace :]eby ,*ri/ is ,head ( ! ,*ur* & ! individual grace ( ! ,man are n ! same4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ae73 ,if by ! (f5se ( "o _m di$1 mu* m ! grace ( ,god & ! gift1 by ! grace ( "o man1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ha? ab\nd$ unto _m4 ,b ! actual s9 ( ,adam is di/9ct f orig9al s9 :i* he transmitt$ to 8 po/]ity4 ,h5ce ! p]sonal grace :i* is prop] to ,*ri/ is di/9ct f ,8 grace1 inasmu* z ,he is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* fl[s to o!rs f ,him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 habits are di/+ui%$ by acts4 ,b ! p]sonal grace ( ,*ri/ is orda9$ to "o act1 viz4 ! sanctification ( ,8 s\l2 & ! capital grace is orda9$ to ano!r1 viz4 to sanctify+ o!rs4 ,!re=e ! p]sonal grace ( ,*ri/ is di/9ct f ,8 grace z ,he is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #f1 ,a4 #f71 9 ,*ri/ we di/+ui% a ?reefold grace1 viz4 ! grace ( union1 capital grace1 & ! individual grace ( ! ,man4 ,n[ ! individual grace ( ,*ri/ is di/9ct f ! grace ( union4 ,!re=e x is also di/9ct f ! capital grace4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #a3af73 ,( ,8 fulness we all h receiv$4 ,n[ ,he is our ,head1 inasmu* z we receive f ,him4 ,!re=e ,he is our ,head1 inasmu* z ,he has ! fulness ( grace4 ,n[ ,he _h ! fulness ( grace1 inasmu* z p]sonal grace 0 9 ,him 9 its p]fection1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #i74 ,h5ce ,8 capital & p]sonal grace are n di/9ct4 ,i answ] t1 ,s9ce ev]y?+ acts inasmu* z x is a be+ 9 act1 x mu/ be ! same act :]eby x is 9 act & :]eby x acts1 z x is ! same heat :]eby fire is hot & :]eby x heats4 ,yet n e act :]eby any?+ is 9 act suffices = its be+ ! pr9ciple ( act+ ^u o!rs4 ,= s9ce ! ag5t is nobl] ?an ! pati5t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 xii1 #af7 & ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,anima iii1 #ai71 ! ag5t mu/ act on o!rs by reason ( a c]ta9 pre-em95ce4 ,n[ x 0 said above 7,a4 #a2 ,q4 #g1 ,a4 #i7 grace 0 receiv$ by ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 9 ! highe/ way2 & !re=e f ?is pre-em95ce ( grace :i* ,he receiv$1 x is f ,him t ?is grace is be/[$ on o!rs--& ?is belongs to ! nature ( head4 ,h5ce ! p]sonal grace1 :]eby ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is ju/ifi$1 is ess5tially ! same z ,8 grace1 z ,he is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 & ju/ifies o!rs2 b !re is a di/9ction ( reason betwe5 !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,orig9al s9 9 ,adam1 :i* is a s9 ( ! nature1 is d]iv$ f 8 actual s91 :i* is a p]sonal s91 because 9 him ! p]son corrupt$ ! nature2 & by means ( ?is corruption ! s9 ( ! fir/ man is transmitt$ to po/]ity1 inasmu* z ! corrupt nature corrupts ! p]son4 ,n[ grace is n v\*saf$ u by means ( human nature1 b solely by ! p]sonal action ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,h5ce we mu/ n di/+ui% a tw(old grace 9 ,*ri/1 "o correspond+ to ! nature1 ! o!r to ! p]son z 9 ,adam we di/+ui% ! s9 ( ! nature & ( ! p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,diff]5t acts1 "o ( :i* is ! reason & ! cause ( ! o!r1 d n div]sify a habit4 ,n[ ! act ( ! p]sonal grace :i* is =mally to sanctify its subject1 is ! reason ( ! ju/ification ( o!rs1 :i* p]ta9s to capital grace4 ,h5ce x is t ! ess5ce ( ! habit is n div]sifi$ by ?is diff]5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,p]sonal & capital grace are orda9$ to an act2 b ! grace ( union is n orda9$ to an act1 b to ! p]sonal be+4 ,h5ce ! p]sonal & ! capital grace agree 9 ! ess5ce ( ! habit2 b ! grace ( union does n1 al?\gh ! p]sonal grace c be call$ 9 a mann] ! grace ( union1 inasmu* z x br+s ab\t a fitness = ! union2 & ?us ! grace ( union1 ! capital1 & ! p]sonal grace are "o 9 ess5ce1 ?\gh !re is a di/9ction ( reason betwe5 !m4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #h1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,x ,is ,prop] to ,*ri/ to ,be ,head ( ! ,*ur*8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t x is n prop] to ,*ri/ to be ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= x is writt5 7#a ,k+s #ae3ag73 ,:5 ?\ wa/ a little "o 9 ?y own eyes1 wa/ ?\ n made ! head ( ! tribes ( ,israel8 ,n[ !re is b "o ,*ur* 9 ! ,new & ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!re=e x seems t ) equal reason any o!r man ?an ,*ri/ might be head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is call$ ,head ( ! ,*ur* f ,8 be/[+ grace on ! ,*ur*'s memb]s4 ,b x belongs to o!rs also to grant grace to o!rs1 accord+ to ,eph4 #d3bi3 ,let no evil spee* proce$ f y\r m\?2 b t :i* is good to ! edification ( fai?1 t x may adm9i/] grace to ! he>]s4 ,!re=e x seems to belong also to o!rs ?an ,*ri/ to be head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ by ,8 rul+ ov] ! ,*ur* is n only call$ ,head1 b also ,%eph]d & ,f\ndation4 ,n[ ,*ri/ did n reta9 = ,himself alone ! "n ( ,%eph]d1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #e3d1 ,& :5 ! pr9ce ( pa/ors %all appe>1 y %all receive a nev]-fad+ cr[n ( glory2 nor ! "n ( ,f\ndation1 accord+ to ,apoc4 #ba3ad3 ,& ! wall ( ! city _h twelve f\ndations4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he did n reta9 ! "n ( ,head = ,himself alone4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,col4 #b3ai73 ,! head ( ! ,*ur* is t f :i* ! :ole body1 by jo9ts & b&s be+ suppli$ ) n\ri%m5t & compact$ gr[e? unto ! increase ( ,god4 ,b ?is belongs only to ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ alone is ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i answ] t1 ,! head influ5ces ! o!r memb]s 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 by a c]ta9 intr9sic influ5ce1 inasmu* z motive & s5sitive =ce fl[ f ! head to ! o!r memb]s2 secondly1 by a c]ta9 ext]ior guidance1 inasmu* z by sight & ! s5ses1 :i* are root$ 9 ! head1 man is guid$ 9 8 ext]ior acts4 ,n[ ! int]ior influx ( grace is f no "o save ,*ri/1 ,^: manhood1 ?r\gh its union ) ! ,godhead1 has ! p[] ( ju/ify+2 b ! influ5ce ov] ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 z reg>ds _! ext]ior guidance1 c belong to o!rs2 & 9 ?is way o!rs may be call$ heads ( ! ,*ur*1 accord+ to ,amos #f3a1 ,ye great m51 heads ( ! p2 diff]5tly1 h[ev]1 f ,*ri/4 ,fir/1 inasmu* z ,*ri/ is ! ,head ( all :o p]ta9 to ! ,*ur* 9 e place & "t & /ate2 b all o!r m5 are call$ heads ) ref]5ce to c]ta9 special places1 z bi%ops ( _! ,*ur*es4 ,or ) ref]5ce to a det]m9$ "t z ! ,pope is ! head ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 viz4 dur+ ! "t ( 8 ,pontificate1 & ) ref]5ce to a det]m9$ /ate1 inasmu* z !y are 9 ! /ate ( wayf>]s4 ,secondly1 because ,*ri/ is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* by ,8 own p[] & au?ority2 :ile o!rs are call$ heads1 z tak+ ,*ri/'s place1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #b3aj1 ,= :at ,i h p>don$1 if ,i h p>don$ any?+1 = y\r sakes ,i h done x 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 & #b ,cor4 #e3bj1 ,= ,*ri/ !re=e we are ambassadors1 ,god1 z x 71 exhort+ by u4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ^w head is employ$ 9 t passage 9 reg>d to ext]ior gov]nm5t2 z a k+ is said to be ! head ( 8 k+dom4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,man does n di/ribute grace by int]ior influx1 b by ext]iorly p]suad+ to ! effects ( grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xlvi 9 ,joan473 ,if ! rul]s ( ! ,*ur* are ,%eph]ds1 h[ is !re "o ,%eph]d1 except t all ^! are memb]s ( "o ,%eph]d8 ,s likewise o!rs may be call$ f\ndations & heads1 inasmu* z !y are memb]s ( ! "o ,head & ,f\ndation4 ,nev]!less1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xlvii71 ,he gave to ,8 memb]s to be %eph]ds2 yet none ( u calle? himself ! ,door4 ,he kept ?is = ,himself alone4 ,& ?is because by door is impli$ ! pr9cipal au?ority1 inasmu* z x is by ! door t all ent] ! h\se2 & x is ,*ri/ alone by ,:om also we h access 4 4 4 into ?is grace1 :]e9 we /& 7,rom4 #e3b72 b by ! o!r names above-m5tion$ !re may be impli$ n m]ely ! pr9cipal b also ! second>y au?ority4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #h1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,devil ,is ! ,head ( ,all ! ,wick$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! devil is n ! head ( ! wick$4 ,= x belongs to ! head to diffuse s5se & movem5t into ! memb]s1 z a gloss says1 on ,eph4 #a3bb1 ,& made ,him head1 etc4 ,b ! devil has no p[] ( spread+ ! evil ( s91 :i* proce$s f ! w ( ! s9n]4 ,!re=e ! devil _c be call$ ! head ( ! wick$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by e s9 a man is made evil4 ,b n e s9 is f ! devil2 & ?is is pla9 z reg>ds ! demons1 :o did n s9 ?r\gh ! p]suasion ( ano!r2 s likewise n e s9 ( man proce$s f ! devil1 = x is said 7,de ,eccles4 ,dogm4 lxxxii73 ,n all our wick$ ?\ghts are always rais$ up by ! sugge/ion ( ! devil2 b sometimes !y spr+ f ! movem5t ( our w4 ,!re=e ! devil is n ! head ( all ! wick$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 "o head is plac$ on "o body4 ,b ! :ole multitude ( ! wick$ d n seem to h any?+ 9 :i* !y are unit$1 = evil is contr>y to evil & spr+s f div]s defects1 z ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 iv74 ,!re=e ! devil _c be call$ ! head ( all ! wick$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,a gloss 99,/4 ,gregory1 ,moral4 xiv on ,job #ah3ag1 ,let ! memory ( him p]i% f ! e>?1 says3 ,?is is said ( e evil "o1 yet s z to be ref]r$ to ! head1 i4e4 ! devil4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #f71 ! head n only influ5ces ! memb]s int]iorly1 b also gov]ns !m ext]iorly1 direct+ _! actions to an end4 ,h5ce x may be said t anyone is ! head ( a multitude1 ei!r z reg>ds bo?1 i4e4 by int]ior influ5ce & ext]ior gov]nance1 & ?us ,*ri/ is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 z 0 /at$ 7,a4 #f72 or z reg>ds ext]ior gov]nance1 & ?us e pr9ce or prelate is head ( ! multitude subject to him4 ,& 9 ?is way ! devil is head ( all ! wick$4 ,=1 z is writt5 7,job #da3be73 ,he is k+ ov] all ! *ildr5 ( pride4 ,n[ x belongs to a gov]nor to lead ^? :om he gov]ns to _! end4 ,b ! end ( ! devil is ! av]sion ( ! rational creature f ,god2 h5ce f ! beg9n+ he has endeavor$ to lead man f obey+ ! ,div9e precept4 ,b av]sion f ,god has ! nature ( an end1 inasmu* z x is s\ght = "u ! appe>ance ( lib]ty1 accord+ to ,j]4 #b3bj3 ,( old "t ?\ ha/ brok5 my yoke1 ?\ ha/ bur/ my b&s1 & ?\ said/1 ',i w n s]ve4' ,h5ce1 inasmu* z "s are br\ght to ?is end by s9n+1 !y fall "u ! rule & gov]nm5t ( ! devil1 & !re=e he is call$ _! head4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ! devil does n influ5ce ! rational m9d int]iorly1 yet he beguiles x to evil by p]suasion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,a gov]nor does n always sugge/ to 8 subjects to obey 8 w2 b proposes to all ! sign ( 8 w1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* "s are incit$ by inducem5t1 & "s ( _! own free-w1 z is pla9 9 ! lead] ( an army1 ^: /&>d all ! soldi]s foll[1 ?\gh no "o p]suades !m4 ,!re=e 9 ! same way1 ! fir/ s9 ( ! devil1 :o s9ne? f ! beg9n+ 7#a ,john #c3h71 is held out to all to be foll[$1 & "s imitate at 8 sugge/ion1 & "s ( _! own w )\t any sugge/ion4 ,& h5ce ! devil is ! head ( all ! wick$1 inasmu* z !y imitate ,him1 accord+ to ,wis4 #b3bd1 #be3 ,by ! envy ( ! devil1 dea? came into ! _w4 ,& !y foll[ him t are ( 8 side4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,all s9s agree 9 av]sion f ,god1 al?\gh !y diff] by conv]sion to diff]5t *angeable goods4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #h1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,anti*ri/ ,may ,be ,call$ ! ,head ( ,all ! ,wick$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,anti*ri/ is n ! head ( ! wick$4 ,= !re are n sev]al heads ( "o body4 ,b ! devil is ! head ( ! multitude ( ! wick$4 ,!re=e ,anti*ri/ is n _! head4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,anti*ri/ is a memb] ( ! devil4 ,n[ ! head is di/+ui%$ f ! memb]s4 ,!re=e ,anti*ri/ is n ! head ( ! wick$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! head has an influ5ce ov] ! memb]s4 ,b ,anti*ri/ has no influ5ce ov] ! wick$ :o h prec$$ him4 ,!re=e ,anti*ri/ is n ! head ( ! wick$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,a gloss 99,/4 ,gregory1 ,moral4 xv on ,job #ba3bi1 ,ask any ( !m t g by ! way1 says3 ,:il/ he 0 speak+ ( ! body ( all ! wick$1 sudd5ly he turn$ 8 spee* to ,anti*ri/ ! head ( all evil-do]s4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #a71 9 ! head are f\nd ?ree ?+s3 ord]1 p]fection1 & ! p[] ( influ5c+4 ,b z reg>ds ! ord] ( ! body1 ,anti*ri/ is n said to be ! head ( ! wick$ z if 8 s9 _h prec$$1 z ! s9 ( ! devil prec$$4 ,s likewise he is n call$ ! head ( ! wick$ f ! p[] ( influ5c+1 al?\gh he w p]v]t "s 9 8 day by ext]ior p]suasion2 nev]!less ^? :o 7 be=e him 7 n beguil$ into wick$ness by him nor h imitat$ 8 wick$ness4 ,h5ce he _c be call$ ! head ( all ! wick$ 9 ?is way1 b ( "s4 ,!re=e x rema9s to be said t he is ! head ( all ! wick$ by reason ( ! p]fection ( 8 wick$ness4 ,h5ce1 on #b ,!ss4 #b3d1 ,%[+ himself z if he 7 ,god1 a gloss says3 ,z 9 ,*ri/ dwelt ! fulness ( ! ,godhead1 s 9 ,anti*ri/ ! fulness ( all wick$ness4 ,n inde$ z if 8 humanity 7 assum$ by ! devil into unity ( p]son1 z ! humanity ( ,*ri/ by ! ,son ( ,god2 b t ! devil by sugge/ion infuses 8 wick$ness m copi\sly into him ?an into all o!rs4 ,& 9 ?is way all ! wick$ :o h gone be=e are signs ( ,anti*ri/1 accord+ to #b ,!ss4 #b3g1 ,= ! my/]y ( iniquity already worke?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! devil & ,anti*ri/ are n two heads1 b "o2 s9ce ,anti*ri/ is call$ ! head1 inasmu* z ! wick$ness ( ! devil is mo/ fully impress$ on him4 ,h5ce1 on #b ,!ss4 #b3d1 ,%[+ himself z if he 7 ,god1 a gloss says3 ,! head ( all ! wick$1 namely ! devil1 :o is k+ ov] all ! *ildr5 ( pride w be 9 him4 ,n[ he is said to be 9 him n by p]sonal union1 nor by indwell+1 s9ce ! ,tr9ity alone dwells 9 ! m9d 7z is said ,de ,eccles4 ,dogm4 lxxxiii71 b by ! effect ( wick$ness4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ! head ( ,*ri/ is ,god1 & yet ,he is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 s likewise ,anti*ri/ is a memb] ( ! devil & yet is head ( ! wick$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,anti*ri/ is said to be ! head ( all ! wick$ n by a lik5ess ( influ5ce1 b by a lik5ess ( p]fection4 ,= 9 him ! devil1 z x 71 br+s 8 wick$ness to a head1 9 ! same way t anyone is said to br+ 8 purpose to a head :5 he executes x4 ,,"q #i ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,k ,,9 ,,g5]al 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ,*ri/'s k2 conc]n+ :i* ! consid]ation w be tw(old4 ,fir/1 ( ,*ri/'s k 9 g5]al2 secondly1 ( ea* p>ticul> k9d ( k ,he _h4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ _h any k besides ! ,div9e8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he _h ! k :i* ! bless$ or compreh5sors h8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he _h an impr9t$ or infus$ k8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he _h any acquir$ k8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #i1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,_h ,any ,k ,besides ! ,div9e8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no k except ! ,div9e4 ,= k is necess>y t ?+s may be kn[n !reby4 ,b by ,8 ,div9e k ,*ri/ knew all ?+s4 ,!re=e any o!r k w\ld h be5 sup]flu\s 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! less] light is dimm$ by ! great]4 ,b all creat$ k 9 comp>ison ) ! uncreat$ k ( ,god is z ! less] to ! great] light4 ,!re=e !re %one 9 ,*ri/ no o!r k except ! ,div9e4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! union ( ! human nature ) ! ,div9e took place 9 ! ,p]son1 z is cle> f ,q4 #b1 ,a4 #b4 ,n[1 accord+ to "s !re is 9 ,*ri/ a c]ta9 k ( ! union1 :]eby ,*ri/ knew :at belongs to ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation m fully ?an anyone else4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ! p]sonal union conta9s two natures1 x w\ld seem t !re are n two kn[l$ges 9 ,*ri/1 b "o only1 p]ta9+ to bo? natures4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,inc>nat4 vii73 ,god assum$ ! p]fection ( human nature 9 ! fle%2 ,he took ^u ,himself ! s5se ( man1 b n ! swoll5 s5se ( ! fle%4 ,b creat$ k p]ta9s to ! s5se ( man4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 creat$ k4 ,i answ] t1 ,z said above 7,q4 #e71 ! ,son ( ,god assum$ an entire human nature1 i4e4 n only a body1 b also a s\l1 & n only a s5sitive1 b also a rational s\l4 ,& !re=e x behoov$ ,him to h creat$ k1 = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 on acc\nt ( ! s\l's p]fection4 ,= ! s\l1 consid]$ 9 itself1 is 9 pot5tiality to kn[+ intelligible ?+s4 s9ce x is l a tablet on :i* no?+ is writt51 & yet x may be writt5 ^u ?r\gh ! possible intellect1 :]eby x may become all ?+s1 z is said ,de ,anima iii1 #ah4 ,n[ :at is 9 pot5tiality is imp]fect unless r$uc$ to act4 ,b x 0 fitt+ t ! ,son ( ,god %\ld assume1 n an imp]fect1 b a p]fect human nature1 s9ce ! :ole human race 0 to be br\ght back to p]fection by its means4 ,h5ce x behoov$ ! s\l ( ,*ri/ to be p]fect$ by a k1 :i* w\ld be its prop] p]fection4 ,& !re=e x 0 necess>y t !re %\ld be ano!r k 9 ,*ri/ besides ! ,div9e k1 o!rwise ! s\l ( ,*ri/ w\ld h be5 m imp]fect ?an ! s\ls ( ! re/ ( m54 ,secondly1 because1 s9ce ev]y?+ is on acc\nt ( its op]ation1 z /at$ ,de ,coel4 ii1 #ag1 ,*ri/ w\ld h _h an intellective s\l to no purpose if ,he _h n und]/ood by x2 & ?is p]ta9s to creat$ k4 ,?irdly1 because "s creat$ k p]ta9s to ! nature ( ! human s\l1 viz4 t :]eby we naturally "k fir/ pr9ciples2 s9ce we are "h tak+ k = any cognition ( ! human intellect4 ,n[ no?+ natural 0 want+ to ,*ri/1 s9ce ,he took ! :ole human nature1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #e74 ,& h5ce ! ,six? ,c\ncil 99,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,act4 #d condemn$ ! op9ion ( ^? :o d5i$ t 9 ,*ri/ !re are two kn[l$ges or wisdoms4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ knew all ?+s ) ! ,div9e k by an uncreat$ op]ation :i* is ! v ,ess5ce ( ,god2 s9ce ,god's und]/&+ is ,8 sub/ance1 z ! ,philosoph] proves 7,metaph4 xii1 text4 #ci74 ,h5ce ?is act c\ld n belong to ! human s\l ( ,*ri/1 see+ t x belongs to ano!r nature4 ,!re=e1 if !re _h be5 no o!r k 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 x w\ld h kn[n no?+2 & ?us x w\ld h be5 assum$ to no purpose1 s9ce ev]y?+ is on acc\nt ( its op]ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,if ! two lights are suppos$ to be 9 ! same ord]1 ! less] is dimm$ by ! great]1 z ! light ( ! sun dims ! light ( a c&le1 bo? be+ 9 ! class ( illum9ants4 ,b if we suppose two lights1 "o ( :i* is 9 ! class ( illum9ants & ! o!r 9 ! class ( illum9at$1 ! less] light is n dimm$ by ! great]1 b r is /r5g!n$1 z ! light ( ! air by ! light ( ! sun4 ,& 9 ?is mann] ! light ( k is n dimm$1 b r is height5$ 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ by ! light ( ! ,div9e k1 :i* is ! true light :i* enlight5e? e man t come? into ?is _w1 z is writt5 ,john #a3i4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,on ! "p ( :at are unit$ we hold !re is a k 9 ,*ri/1 bo? z to ,8 ,div9e & z to ,8 human nature2 s t1 by reason ( ! union :]eby !re is "o hypo/asis ( ,god & man1 ! ?+s ( ,god are attribut$ to man1 & ! ?+s ( man are attribut$ to ,god1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #c1 ,,aa4 #a1 #f74 ,b on ! "p ( ! union itself we _c admit any k 9 ,*ri/4 ,= ?is union is 9 p]sonal be+1 & k belongs to p]son only by reason ( a nature4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #i1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,_h ! ,k ,:i* ! ,bless$ or ,compreh5sors ,h8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! k ( ! bless$ or compreh5sors4 ,= ! k ( ! bless$ is a p>ticipation ( ,div9e light1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ce3aj3 ,9 ,?y light we %all see light4 ,n[ ,*ri/ _h n a p>ticipat$ light1 b ,he _h ! ,godhead ,itself sub/antially abid+ 9 ,him1 accord+ to ,col4 #b3i3 ,= 9 ,him dwelle? all ! fulness ( ! ,godhead corporeally4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 n ! k ( ! bless$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! k ( ! bless$ makes !m bless$1 accord+ to ,john #ag3c3 ,?is is et]nal life3 t !y may "k ,!e1 ! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ ,:om ,?\ ha/ s5t4 ,b ?is ,man 0 bless$ ?r\gh be+ unit$ to ,god 9 p]son1 accord+ to ,ps4 #fd3e3 ,bless$ is ,he ,:om ,?\ ha/ *os5 & tak5 to ,!e4 ,!re=e x is n necess>y to suppose ! k ( ! bless$ 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 to man belongs a d\ble k--"o by nature1 "o above nature4 ,n[ ! k ( ! bless$1 :i* consi/s 9 ! vision ( ,god1 is n natural to man1 b above 8 nature4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ano!r & mu* high] sup]natural k1 i4e4 ! ,div9e k4 ,!re=e !re 0 no ne$ ( ! k ( ! bless$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! k ( ! bless$ consi/s 9 ! k ( ,god4 ,b ,he knew ,god fully1 ev5 z ,he 0 man1 accord+ to ,john #h3ee3 ,i d "k ,him1 & d keep ,8 ^w4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! k ( ! bless$4 ,i answ] t1 ,:at is 9 pot5tiality is r$uc$ to act by :at is 9 act2 = t :]eby ?+s are heat$ mu/ itself be hot4 ,n[ man is 9 pot5tiality to ! k ( ! bless$1 :i* consi/s 9 ! vision ( ,god2 & is orda9$ to x z to an end2 s9ce ! rational creature is capable ( t bless$ k1 inasmu* z he is made 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,n[ m5 are br\ght to ?is end ( beatitude by ! humanity ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,heb4 #b3aj3 ,= x became ,him1 = ,:om are all ?+s1 & by ,:om are all ?+s1 ,:o _h br\ght _m *ildr5 unto glory1 to p]fect ! au?or ( _! salvation by ,8 passion4 ,& h5ce x 0 necess>y t ! beatific k1 :i* consi/s 9 ! vision ( ,god1 %\ld belong to ,*ri/ pre-em95tly1 s9ce ! cause ought always to be m efficaci\s ?an ! effect4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,godhead is unit$ to ! manhood ( ,*ri/ 9 ,p]son1 n 9 ess5ce or nature2 yet ) ! unity ( ,p]son rema9s ! di/9ction ( natures4 ,& !re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 :i* is a "p ( human nature1 ?r\gh a light p>ticipat$ f ! ,div9e ,nature1 is p]fect$ ) ! beatific k :]eby x sees ,god 9 ess5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by ! union ?is ,man is bless$ ) ! uncreat$ beatitude1 ev5 z by ! union ,he is ,god2 yet besides ! uncreat$ beatitude x 0 necess>y t !re %\ld be 9 ! human nature ( ,*ri/ a creat$ beatitude1 :]eby ,8 s\l 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! la/ end ( human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! beatific vision & k are to "s ext5t above ! nature ( ! rational s\l1 inasmu* z x _c rea* x ( its own /r5g?2 b 9 ano!r way x is 9 accordance ) its nature1 inasmu* z x is capable ( x by nature1 hav+ be5 made to ! lik5ess ( ,god1 z /at$ above4 ,b ! uncreat$ k is 9 e way above ! nature ( ! human s\l4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #i1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,_h an ,impr9t$ or ,infus$ ,k8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 n 9 ,*ri/ ano!r infus$ k besides ! beatific k4 ,= all o!r k comp>$ to ! beatific k is l imp]fect to p]fect4 ,b imp]fect k is remov$ by ! pres5ce ( p]fect k1 z ! cle> face-to-face vision removes ! enigmatical vision ( fai?1 z is pla9 f #a ,cor4 #ac3aj1 #ab4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! beatific k1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 x w\ld seem t !re c\ld n be any o!r impr9t$ k4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 an imp]fect mode ( cognition disposes t[>ds a m p]fect1 z op9ion1 ! result ( dialectical syllogisms1 disposes t[>ds sci5ce1 :i* results f demon/rative syllogisms4 ,n[1 :5 p]fection is rea*$1 !re is no fur!r ne$ ( ! disposition1 ev5 z on rea*+ ! end motion is no long] necess>y4 ,h5ce1 s9ce e creat$ cognition is comp>$ to beatific cognition1 z imp]fect to p]fect & z disposition to its t]m1 x seems t s9ce ,*ri/ _h beatific k1 x 0 n necess>y = ,him to h any o!r k4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z corporeal matt] is 9 pot5tiality to s5sible =ms1 s ! possible intellect is 9 pot5tiality to intelligible =ms4 ,n[ corporeal matt] _c receive two =ms at once1 "o m p]fect & ! o!r less p]fect4 ,!re=e nei!r c ! s\l receive a d\ble k at once1 "o m p]fect & ! o!r less p]fect2 & h5ce ! same conclusion z above4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,col4 #b3c7 t 9 ,*ri/ are hid all ! treasures ( wisdom & k4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 x 0 fitt+ t ! human nature assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god %\ld n be imp]fect4 ,n[ ev]y?+ 9 pot5tiality is imp]fect unless x be r$uc$ to act4 ,b ! passive intellect ( man is 9 pot5tiality to all intelligible ?+s1 & x is r$uc$ to act by intelligible species1 :i* are its completive =ms1 z is pla9 f :at is said ,de ,anima iii1 #cb1 #ch4 ,& h5ce we mu/ admit 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ an infus$ k1 inasmu* z ! ,^w ( ,god impr9t$ ^u ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 :i* is p]sonally unit$ to ,him1 intelligible species ( all ?+s to :i* ! possible intellect is 9 pot5tiality2 ev5 z 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! creation ( ?+s1 ! ,^w ( ,god impr9t$ intelligible species ^u ! angelic m9d1 z is cle> f ,augu/9e 7,g54 ad lit4 ii1 #h74 ,& !re=e1 ev5 z 9 ! angels1 accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,g54 ad lit4 iv1 #bb1 #bd1 #cj71 !re is a d\ble k--"o ! morn+ k1 :]eby !y "k ?+s 9 ! ,^w2 ! o!r ! ev5+ k1 :]eby !y "k ?+s 9 _! prop] natures by infus$ species2 s likewise1 besides ! ,div9e & uncreat$ k 9 ,*ri/1 !re is 9 ,8 s\l a beatific k1 :]eby ,he kn[s ! ,^w1 & ?+s 9 ! ,^w2 & an infus$ or impr9t$ k1 :]eby ,he kn[s ?+s 9 _! prop] nature by intelligible species proportion$ to ! human m9d4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! imp]fect vision ( fai? is ess5tially oppos$ to manife/ vision1 see+ t x is ( ! ess5ce ( fai? to h ref]5ce to ! unse51 z 0 said above 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #a1 ,a4 #d74 ,b cognition by infus$ species includes no opposition to beatific cognition4 ,!re=e !re is no p>ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,disposition is ref]r$ to p]fection 9 two ways3 fir/1 z a way lead+ to p]fection2 secondly1 z an effect proce$+ f p]fection2 ?us matt] is dispos$ by heat to receive ! =m ( fire1 &1 :5 ?is comes1 ! heat does n cease1 b rema9s z an effect ( ?is =m4 ,s1 too1 op9ion caus$ by a dialectical syllogism is a way to k1 :i* is acquir$ by demon/ration1 yet1 :5 ?is has be5 acquir$1 !re may /ill rema9 ! k ga9$ by ! dialectical syllogism1 foll[+1 s to say1 ! demon/rative k1 :i* is bas$ on ! cause1 s9ce he :o kn[s ! cause is !reby enabl$ ! bett] to und]/& ! probable signs f :i* dialectical syllogisms proce$4 ,s likewise 9 ,*ri/1 toge!r ) ! beatific k1 !re /ill rema9s infus$ k1 n z a way to beatitude1 b z /r5g!n$ by beatitude4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! beatific k is n by a species1 t is a similitude ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 or ( :atev] is kn[n 9 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 z is pla9 f :at has be5 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ab1 ,a4 #b72 b x is a k ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce imm$iately1 inasmu* z ! ,div9e ,ess5ce itself is unit$ to ! beatifi$ m9d z an intelligible to an intellig5t be+2 & ! ,div9e ,ess5ce is a =m exce$+ ! capacity ( any creature :atsoev]4 ,h5ce1 toge!r ) ?is sup]-exce$+ =m1 !re is no?+ to h9d] f be+ 9 ! rational m9d1 intelligible species1 proportion$ to its nature4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #i1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,_h ,any ,acquir$ ,k8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no empiric & acquir$ k4 ,= :atev] befitt$ ,*ri/1 ,he _h mo/ p]fectly4 ,n[ ,*ri/ did n possess acquir$ k mo/ p]fectly1 s9ce ,he did n devote ,himself to ! /udy ( lett]s1 by :i* k is acquir$ 9 its p]fection2 = x is said 7,john #g3ae73 ,! ,jews wond]$1 say+3 ,h[ do? ?is ,man "k lett]s1 hav+ nev] le>n$8 ,!re=e x seems t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no acquir$ k4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ c be add$ to :at is full4 ,b ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s s\l 0 fill$ ) intelligible species div9ely infus$1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #c74 ,!re=e no acquir$ species c\ld accrue to ,8 s\l4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 he :o already has ! habit ( k1 acquires no new habit1 ?r\gh :at he receives f ! s5ses 7o!rwise two =ms ( ! same species w\ld be 9 ! same ?+ toge!r72 b ! habit :i* previ\sly exi/$ is /r5g!n$ & increas$4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,*ri/ _h ! habit ( infus$ k1 x does n seem t ,he acquir$ a new k ?r\gh :at ,he p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #e3h73 ,:]eas 4 4 4 ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 ,he le>n$ ob$i5ce by ! ?+s :i* ,he suff]$1 i4e4 exp]i5c$1 says a gloss4 ,!re=e !re 0 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ an empiric k1 :i* is acquir$ k4 ,i answ] t1 ,z is pla9 f ,a4 #a1 no?+ t ,god plant$ 9 our nature 0 want+ to ! human nature assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,n[ x is manife/ t ,god plant$ 9 human nature n only a passive1 b an active intellect4 ,h5ce x is necess>y to say t 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ !re 0 n m]ely a passive1 b also an active intellect4 ,b if 9 o!r ?+s ,god & nature make no?+ 9 va91 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,coel4 i1 #ca2 ii1 #ei71 /ill less 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is !re any?+ 9 va94 ,n[ :at has n its prop] op]ation is useless1 z is said 9 ,de ,coel4 ii1 #ag4 ,n[ ! prop] op]ation ( ! active intellect is to make intelligible species 9 act1 by ab/ract+ !m f phantasms2 h5ce1 x is said 7,de ,anima iii1 #ah7 t ! active intellect is t :]eby ev]y?+ is made actual4 ,& ?us x is necess>y to say t 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 intelligible species receiv$ 9 ! passive intellect by ! action ( ! active intellect--:i* means t !re 0 acquir$ k 9 ,him1 :i* "s call empiric4 ,& h5ce1 al?\gh ,i wrote diff]5tly 7,s5t4 iii1 ,d1 xiv1 ,a4 #c2 ,d1 xviii1 ,a4 #c71 x mu/ be said t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 acquir$ k1 :i* is prop]ly k 9 a human fa%ion1 bo? z reg>ds ! subject receiv+ & z reg>ds ! active cause4 ,= su* k spr+s f ,*ri/'s active intellect1 :i* is natural to ! human s\l4 ,b infus$ k is attribut$ to ! s\l1 on acc\nt ( a light infus$ f on high1 & ?is mann] ( kn[+ is proportion$ to ! angelic nature4 ,b ! beatific k1 :]eby ! v ,ess5ce ( ,god is se51 is prop] & natural to ,god alone1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ab1 ,a4 #d74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9ce !re is a tw(old way ( acquir+ k--by discov]y & by be+ taught--! way ( discov]y is ! high]1 & ! way ( be+ taught is second>y4 ,h5ce x is said 7,e?ic4 i1 #d73 ,he inde$ is ! be/ :o kn[s ev]y?+ by himself3 yet he is good :o obeys him t speaks aright4 ,& h5ce x 0 m fitt+ = ,*ri/ to possess a k acquir$ by discov]y ?an by be+ taught1 especially s9ce ,he 0 giv5 to be ! ,tea*] ( all1 accord+ to ,joel #b3bc3 ,be joyful 9 ! ,"l y\r ,god1 because ,he ha? giv5 y a ,tea*] ( ju/ice4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! human m9d has two relations--"o to high] ?+s1 & 9 ?is respect ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 full ( ! infus$ k4 ,! o!r relation is to l[] ?+s1 i4e4 to phantasms1 :i* naturally move ! human m9d by virtue ( ! active intellect4 ,n[ x 0 necess>y t ev5 9 ?is respect ! s\l ( ,*ri/ %\ld be fill$ ) k1 n t ! fir/ fulness 0 insuffici5t = ! human m9d 9 itself1 b t x behoov$ x to be also p]fect$ ) reg>d to phantasms4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,acquir$ & infus$ habits are n to be class$ toge!r2 = ! habit ( k is acquir$ by ! relation ( ! human m9d to phantasms2 h5ce1 ano!r habit ( ! same k9d _c be aga9 acquir$4 ,b ! habit ( infus$ k is ( a diff]5t nature1 z com+ d[n to ! s\l f on high1 & n f phantasms4 ,& h5ce !re is no p>ity betwe5 ^! habits4 ,,"q #aj ,,( ,,! ,,beatific ,,k ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,s\l 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,n[ we mu/ consid] ea* ( ! a=esaid kn[l$ges4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 we h treat$ ( ! ,div9e k 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ad71 x n[ rema9s to speak ( ! ?ree o!rs3 7#a7 ( ! beatific k2 7#b7 ( ! infus$ k2 7#c7 ( ! acquir$ k4 ,b aga91 because mu* has be5 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ab7 ( ! beatific k1 :i* consi/s 9 ! vision ( ,god1 we %all speak "h only ( su* ?+s z belong prop]ly to ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,"u ?is head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! s\l ( ,*ri/ compreh5d$ ! ,^w or ! ,div9e ,ess5ce8 7#b7 ,:e!r x knew all ?+s 9 ! ,^w8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! s\l ( ,*ri/ knew ! inf9ite 9 ! ,^w8 7#d7 ,:e!r x saw ! ,^w or ! ,div9e ,ess5ce cle>] ?an did any o!r creature8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aj1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ ,compreh5d$ ! ,^w or ! ,div9e ,ess5ce8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ compreh5d$ & compreh5ds ! ,^w or ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,= ,isidore says 7,de ,summo ,bono i1 #c7 t ! ,tr9ity is kn[n only to ,itself & to ! ,man assum$4 ,!re=e ! ,man assum$ communicates ) ! ,holy ,tr9ity 9 t k ( ,itself :i* is prop] to ! ,tr9ity4 ,n[ ?is is ! k ( compreh5sion4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ compreh5ds ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to be unit$ to ,god 9 p]sonal be+ is great] ?an to be unit$ by vision4 ,b z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f71 ! :ole ,godhead 9 "o ,p]son is unit$ to ! human nature 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e mu* m is ! :ole ,div9e ,nature se5 by ! s\l ( ,*ri/2 & h5ce x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ compreh5d$ ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at belongs by nature to ! ,son ( ,god belongs by grace to ! ,son ( ,man1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #ac74 ,b to compreh5d ! ,div9e ,ess5ce belongs by nature to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!re=e x belongs by grace to ! ,son ( ,man2 & ?us x seems t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ compreh5d$ ! ,div9e ,ess5ce by grace4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #ad73 ,:atsoev] compreh5ds itself is f9ite to itself4 ,b ! ,div9e ,ess5ce is n f9ite ) respect to ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 s9ce ,x inf9itely exce$s x4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does n compreh5d ! ,^w4 ,i answ] t1 ,z is pla9 f ,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #a1 #f1 ! union ( ! two natures 9 ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ took place 9 su* a way t ! prop]ties ( bo? natures rema9$ unconfus$1 i4e4 ! uncreat$ rema9$ uncreat$1 & ! creat$ rema9$ )9 ! limits ( ! creature1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #c1 #d74 ,n[ x is impossible = any creature to compreh5d ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ab1 ,,aa4 #a1 #d1 #g71 see+ t ! inf9ite is n compreh5d$ by ! f9ite4 ,& h5ce x mu/ be said t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ n[ise compreh5ds ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,man assum$ is reckon$ ) ! ,div9e ,tr9ity 9 ! k ( ,itself1 n inde$ z reg>ds compreh5sion1 b by reason ( a c]ta9 mo/ excell5t k above ! re/ ( creatures4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,n ev5 9 ! union by p]sonal be+ does ! human nature compreh5d ! ,^w ( ,god or ! ,div9e ,nature1 = al?\gh x 0 :olly unit$ to ! human nature 9 ! "o ,p]son ( ! ,son1 yet ! :ole p[] ( ! ,godhead 0 n circumscrib$ by ! human nature4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volusian4 cxxxvii73 ,i w\ld h y "k t x is n ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e t ,god 0 unit$ to fle% 9 su* a mann] z to quit or lose ! c>e ( ! _w's gov]nm5t1 nei!r did ,he n>r[ or r$uce x :5 ,he transf]r$ x to t little body4 ,s likewise ! s\l ( ,*ri/ sees ! :ole ,ess5ce ( ,god1 yet does n compreh5d ,x2 s9ce x does n see ,x totally1 i4e4 n z p]fectly z ,x is kn[able1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ab1 ,a4 #g74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is say+ ( ,augu/9e is to be und]/ood ( ! grace ( union1 by reason ( :i* all t is said ( ! ,son ( ,god 9 ,8 ,div9e ,nature is also said ( ! ,son ( ,man on acc\nt ( ! id5tity ( suppositum4 ,& 9 ?is way x may be said t ! ,son ( ,man is a compreh5sor ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 n inde$ by ,8 s\l1 b 9 ,8 ,div9e ,nature2 ev5 z we may also say t ! ,son ( ,man is ! ,creator4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aj1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god ,knew ,all ,?+s 9 ! ,^w8 ,obj4 #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does n "k all ?+s 9 ! ,^w4 ,= x is writt5 7,mk4 #ac3cb73 ,b ( t day or h\r no man kn[e?1 nei!r ! angels 9 heav5 nor ! ,son1 b ! ,fa!r4 ,!re=e ,he does n "k all ?+s 9 ! ,^w4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! m p]fectly anyone kn[s a pr9ciple ! m he kn[s 9 ! pr9ciple4 ,b ,god sees ,8 ,ess5ce m p]fectly ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does4 ,!re=e ,he kn[s m ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s 9 ! ,^w4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does n "k all ?+s 9 ! ,^w4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ext5t dep5ds on ! numb] ( ?+s kn[n4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ knew 9 ! ,^w all t ! ,^w kn[s1 x w\ld foll[ t ! k ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/ w\ld equal ! ,div9e k1 i4e4 ! creat$ w\ld equal ! uncreat$1 :i* is impossible4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,apoc4 #e3ab1 ,! ,lamb t 0 sla9 is wor?y to receive 4 4 4 div9ity & wisdom1 a gloss says1 i4e4 ! k ( all ?+s4 ,i answ] t1 ,:5 x is inquir$ :e!r ,*ri/ kn[s all ?+s 9 ! ,^w1 all ?+s may be tak5 9 two ways3 ,fir/1 prop]ly1 to /& = all t 9 any way :atsoev] is1 w be1 or 0 done1 said1 or ?\ght1 by :omsoev] & at any "t4 ,& 9 ?is way x mu/ be said t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s all ?+s 9 ! ,^w4 ,= e creat$ intellect kn[s 9 ! ,^w1 n all simply1 b s _m m ?+s ! m p]fectly x sees ! ,^w4 ,yet no beatifi$ intellect fails to "k 9 ! ,^w :atev] p]ta9s to itself4 ,n[ to ,*ri/ & to ,8 dignity all ?+s to "s ext5t belong1 inasmu* z all ?+s are subject to ,him4 ,moreov]1 ,he has be5 appo9t$ ,judge ( all by ,god1 because ,he is ! ,son ( ,man1 z is said ,john #e3bg2 & !re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s 9 ! ,^w all ?+s exi/+ 9 :atev] "t1 & ! ?\ghts ( m51 ( :i* ,he is ! ,judge1 s t :at is said ( ,him 7,john #b3be71 ,= ,he knew :at 0 9 man1 c be und]/ood n m]ely ( ! ,div9e k1 b also ( ,8 s\l's k1 :i* x _h 9 ! ,^w4 ,secondly1 all ?+s may be tak5 widely1 z ext5d+ n m]ely to su* ?+s z are 9 act at "s "t1 b ev5 to su* ?+s z are 9 pot5tiality1 & nev] h be5 nor ev] w be r$uc$ to act4 ,n[ "s ( ^! are 9 ! ,div9e p[] alone1 & n all ( ^! does ! s\l ( ,*ri/ "k 9 ! ,^w4 ,= ?is w\ld be to compreh5d all t ,god c\ld d1 :i* w\ld be to compreh5d ! ,div9e p[]1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,= e p[] is kn[n f ! k ( all x c d4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 are n only 9 ! p[] ( ,god1 b also 9 ! p[] ( ! creature2 & all ( ^! ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s 9 ! ,^w2 = x compreh5ds 9 ! ,^w ! ess5ce ( e creature1 &1 consequ5tly1 its p[] & virtue1 & all ?+s t are 9 ! p[] ( ! creature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,arius & ,eunomius und]/ood ?is say+1 n ( ! k ( ! s\l1 :i* !y did n hold to be 9 ,*ri/1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #i1 ,a4 #a71 b ( ! ,div9e k ( ! ,son1 ,:om !y held to be less ?an ! ,fa!r z reg>ds k4 ,b ?is w n /&1 s9ce all ?+s 7 made by ! ,^w ( ,god1 z is said ,john #a3c1 &1 among/ o!r ?+s1 all times 7 made by ,him4 ,n[ ,he is n ignorant ( any?+ t 0 made by ,him4 ,he is said1 !re=e1 n to "k ! day & ! h\r ( ! ,judgm5t1 = t ,he does n make x kn[n1 s9ce1 on be+ ask$ by ! apo/les 7,acts #a3g71 ,he 0 unwill+ to reveal x2 &1 on ! contr>y1 we read 7,g54 #bb3ab73 ,n[ ,i "k t ?\ fe>e/ ,god1 i4e4 ,n[ ,i h made !e "k4 ,b ! ,fa!r is said to "k1 because ,he imp>t$ ?is k to ! ,son4 ,h5ce1 by say+ b ! ,fa!r1 we are giv5 to und]/& t ! ,son kn[s1 n m]ely 9 ! ,div9e ,nature1 b also 9 ! human1 because1 z ,*ryso/om argues 7,hom4 lxxviii 9 ,mat?471 if x is giv5 to ,*ri/ z man to "k h[ to judge--:i* is great]--mu* m is x giv5 to ,him to "k ! less1 viz4 ! "t ( ,judgm5t4 ,orig51 h[ev] 79 ,mat?4 ,tract4 xxx71 exp\nds x ( ,8 body1 :i* is ! ,*ur*1 :i* is ignorant ( ?is "t4 ,la/ly1 "s say ?is is to be und]/ood ( ! adoptive1 & n ( ! natural ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,god kn[s ,8 ,ess5ce s mu* ! m p]fectly ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 z ,he compreh5ds x4 ,& h5ce ,he kn[s all ?+s1 n m]ely :atev] are 9 act at any "t1 :i* ?+s ,he is said to "k by k ( vision1 b also :at ev] ,he ,himself c d1 :i* ,he is said to "k by simple intellig5ce1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #i74 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s all ?+s t ,god kn[s 9 ,himself by ! k ( vision1 b n all t ,god kn[s 9 ,himself by k ( simple intellig5ce2 & ?us 9 ,himself ,god kn[s _m m ?+s ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ext5t ( k dep5ds n m]ely on ! numb] ( kn[able ?+s1 b also on ! cle>ness ( ! k4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh ! k ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/ :i* ,he has 9 ! ,^w is equal to ! k ( vision z reg>ds ! numb] ( ?+s kn[n1 nev]!less ! k ( ,god inf9itely exce$s ! k ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 9 cle>ness ( cognition1 s9ce ! uncreat$ light ( ! ,div9e intellect inf9itely exce$s any creat$ light receiv$ by ! s\l ( ,*ri/2 al?\gh1 absolutely speak+1 ! ,div9e k exce$s ! k ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 n only z reg>ds ! mode ( kn[+1 b also z reg>ds ! numb] ( ?+s kn[n1 z 0 /at$ above4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aj1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ ,c ,"k ! ,inf9ite 9 ! ,^w8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _c "k ! inf9ite 9 ! ,^w4 ,= t ! inf9ite %\ld be kn[n is repugnant to ! def9ition ( ! inf9ite :i* 7,phys4 iii1 #fc7 is said to be t f :i*1 h[ev] mu* we may take1 !re always rema9s some?+ to be tak54 ,b x is impossible = ! def9ition to be sep>at$ f ! ?+ def9$1 s9ce ?is w\ld mean t contradictories exi/ toge!r4 ,!re=e x is impossible t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s ! inf9ite4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! k ( ! inf9ite is inf9ite4 ,b ! k ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _c be inf9ite1 because its capacity is f9ite1 s9ce x is creat$4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _c "k ! inf9ite4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !re c be no?+ great] ?an ! inf9ite4 ,b m is conta9$ 9 ! ,div9e k1 absolutely speak+1 ?an 9 ! k ( ,*ri/'s s\l1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does n "k ! inf9ite4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s all its p[] & all x c d4 ,n[ x c cleanse inf9ite s9s1 accord+ to #a ,john #b3b3 ,he is ! propitiation = our s9s1 & n = ours only1 b also = ^? ( ! :ole _w4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s ! inf9ite4 ,i answ] t1 ,k reg>ds only be+1 s9ce be+ & tru? are conv]tible4 ,n[ a ?+ is said to be a be+ 9 two ways3 ,fir/1 simply1 i4e4 :atev] is a be+ 9 act2 secondly1 relatively1 i4e4 :atev] is a be+ 9 pot5tiality4 ,& because1 z is said ,metaph4 ix1 #bj1 ev]y?+ is kn[n z x is 9 act1 & n z x is 9 pot5tiality1 k prim>ily & ess5tially reg>ds be+ 9 act1 & second>ily reg>ds be+ 9 pot5tiality1 :i* is n kn[able ( itself1 b inasmu* z t 9 ^: p[] x exi/s is kn[n4 ,h5ce1 ) reg>d to ! fir/ mode ( k1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does n "k ! inf9ite4 ,because !re is n an inf9ite numb] 9 act1 ev5 ?\gh we 7 to reckon all t are 9 act at any "t :atsoev]1 s9ce ! /ate ( g5]ation & corruption w n la/ = ev]3 consequ5tly !re is a c]ta9 numb] n only ( ?+s lack+ g5]ation & corruption1 b also ( ?+s capable ( g5]ation & corruption4 ,b ) reg>d to ! o!r mode ( kn[+1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s inf9ite ?+s 9 ! ,^w1 = x kn[s1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 all t is 9 ! p[] ( ! creature4 ,h5ce1 s9ce 9 ! p[] ( ! creature !re is an inf9ite numb] ( ?+s1 x kn[s ! inf9ite1 z x 71 by a c]ta9 k ( simple intellig5ce1 & n by a k ( vision4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z we said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #h1 ,a4 #a71 ! inf9ite is tak5 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 on ! "p ( a =m1 & ?us we h ! negatively inf9ite1 i4e4 a =m or act n limit$ by be+ receiv$ into matt] or a subject2 & ?is inf9ite ( itself is mo/ kn[able on acc\nt ( ! p]fection ( ! act1 al?\gh x is n compreh5sible by ! f9ite p[] ( ! creature2 = ?us ,god is said to be inf9ite4 ,& ?is inf9ite ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s1 yet does n compreh5d4 ,secondly1 !re is ! inf9ite z reg>ds matt]1 :i* is tak5 privatively1 i4e4 inasmu* z x has n ! =m x ought naturally to h1 & 9 ?is way we h inf9ite 9 quantity4 ,n[ su* an inf9ite ( itself1 is unkn[n3 inasmu* z x is1 z x 71 matt] ) privation ( =m z is said ,phys4 iii1 #fe4 ,b all k is by =m or act4 ,!re=e if ?is inf9ite is to be kn[n accord+ to its mode ( be+1 x _c be kn[n4 ,= its mode is t "p be tak5 aft] "p1 z is said ,phys4 iii1 #fb1 #fc4 ,& 9 ?is way x is true t1 if we take some?+ f x1 i4e4 tak+ "p aft] "p1 !re always rema9s some?+ to be tak54 ,b z mat]ial ?+s c be receiv$ by ! intellect immat]ially1 & _m ?+s unit$ly1 s c inf9ite ?+s be receiv$ by ! intellect1 n aft] ! mann] ( inf9ite1 b f9itely2 & ?us :at are 9 !mselves inf9ite are1 9 ! intellect ( ! kn[]1 f9ite4 ,& 9 ?is way ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s an inf9ite numb] ( ?+s1 inasmu* z x kn[s !m n by disc\rs+ f "o to ano!r1 b 9 a c]ta9 unity1 i4e4 9 any creature 9 ^: pot5tiality inf9ite ?+s exi/1 & pr9cipally 9 ! ,^w ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,!re is no?+ to h9d] a ?+ f be+ inf9ite 9 "o way & f9ite 9 ano!r1 z :5 9 quantities we imag9e a surface inf9ite 9 l5g? & f9ite 9 bread?4 ,h5ce1 if !re 7 an inf9ite numb] ( m51 !y w\ld h a relative inf9ity1 i4e4 9 multitude2 b1 z reg>ds ! ess5ce1 !y w\ld be f9ite1 s9ce ! ess5ce ( all w\ld be limit$ to "o specific nature4 ,b :at is simply inf9ite 9 its ess5ce is ,god1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #b74 ,n[ ! prop] object ( ! intellect is :at a ?+ is1 z is said ,de ,anima iii1 #bf1 to :i* p]ta9s ! notion ( ! species4 ,& ?us ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 s9ce x has a f9ite capacity1 atta9s to1 b does n compreh5d1 :at is simply inf9ite 9 ess5ce1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,b ! inf9ite 9 pot5tiality :i* is 9 creatures c be compreh5d$ by ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 s9ce x is comp>$ to t s\l accord+ to its ess5ce1 9 :i* respect x is n inf9ite4 ,= ev5 our intellect und]/&s a univ]sal--= example1 ! nature ( a g5us or species1 :i* 9 a mann] has inf9ity1 inasmu* z x c be pr$icat$ ( an inf9ite numb]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,t :i* is inf9ite 9 e way c be b "o4 ,h5ce ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,coel4 i1 #b1 #c7 t1 s9ce bodies h dim5sions 9 e "p1 !re _c be sev]al inf9ite bodies4 ,yet if any?+ 7 inf9ite 9 "o way only1 no?+ w\ld h9d] ! exi/5ce ( sev]al su* inf9ite ?+s2 z if we 7 to suppose sev]al l9es ( inf9ite l5g? drawn on a surface ( f9ite bread?4 ,h5ce1 because inf9itude is n a sub/ance1 b is accid5tal to ?+s t are said to be inf9ite1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,phys4 iii1 #cg1 #ch72 z ! inf9ite is multipli$ by diff]5t subjects1 s1 too1 a prop]ty ( ! inf9ite mu/ be multipli$1 9 su* a way t x belongs to ea* ( !m accord+ to t p>ticul> subject4 ,n[ x is a prop]ty ( ! inf9ite t no?+ is great] ?an x4 ,h5ce1 if we take "o inf9ite l9e1 !re is no?+ great] 9 x ?an ! inf9ite2 s1 too1 if we take any "o ( o!r inf9ite l9es1 x is pla9 t ea* has inf9ite p>ts4 ,!re=e ( necessity 9 ?is p>ticul> l9e !re is no?+ great] ?an all ^! inf9ite p>ts2 yet 9 ano!r or a ?ird l9e !re w be m inf9ite p>ts besides ^!4 ,we obs]ve ?is 9 numb]s also1 = ! species ( ev5 numb]s are inf9ite1 & likewise ! species ( odd numb]s are inf9ite2 yet !re are m ev5 & odd numb]s ?an ev54 ,& ?us x mu/ be said t no?+ is great] ?an ! simply & 9 e way inf9ite2 b ?an ! inf9ite :i* is limit$ 9 "s respect1 no?+ is great] 9 t ord]2 yet we may suppose some?+ great] outside t ord]4 ,9 ?is way1 !re=e1 !re are inf9ite ?+s 9 ! pot5tiality ( ! creature1 & yet !re are m 9 ! p[] ( ,god ?an 9 ! pot5tiality ( ! creature4 ,s1 too1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ kn[s inf9ite ?+s by ! k ( simple intellig5ce2 yet ,god kn[s m by ?is mann] ( k or und]/&+4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aj1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ ,sees ! ,^w or ! ,div9e ,ess5ce ,m ,cle>ly ,?an ,does ,any ,o!r ,creature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does n see ! ,^w m p]fectly ?an does any o!r creature4 ,= ! p]fection ( k dep5ds ^u ! m$ium ( kn[+2 z ! k we h by means ( a demon/rative syllogism is m p]fect ?an t :i* we h by means ( a probable syllogism4 ,b all ! bless$ see ! ,^w imm$iately 9 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce ,itself1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ab1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does n see ! ,^w m p]fectly ?an any o!r creature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! p]fection ( vision does n exce$ ! p[] ( see+4 ,b ! rational p[] ( a s\l su* z is ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is bel[ ! intellective p[] ( an angel1 z is pla9 f ,dionysius 7,coel4 ,hi]4 iv74 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ did n see ! ,^w m p]fectly ?an ! angels4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,god sees ,8 ,^w inf9itely m p]fectly ?an does ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce !re are inf9ite possible m$iate degrees betwe5 ! mann] 9 :i* ,god sees ,8 ,^w1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! s\l ( ,*ri/ sees ! ,^w4 ,!re=e we _c ass]t t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ sees ! ,^w or ! ,div9e ,ess5ce m p]fectly ?an does e o!r creature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #a3bj1 #ba7 t ,god set ,*ri/ on ,8 "r h& 9 ! heav5ly places1 above all pr9cipality & p[] & virtue & dom9ion & e "n t is nam$ n only 9 ?is _w1 b also 9 t :i* is to come4 ,b 9 t heav5ly glory ! high] anyone is ! m p]fectly does he "k ,god4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ sees ,god m p]fectly ?an does any o!r creature4 ,i answ] t1 ,! vision ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce is grant$ to all ! bless$ by a p>tak+ ( ! ,div9e light :i* is %$ ^u !m f ! f\nta9 ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 accord+ to ,ecclus4 #a3e3 ,! ,^w ( ,god on high is ! f\nta9 ( ,wisdom4 ,n[ ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 s9ce x is unit$ to ! ,^w 9 p]son1 is m closely jo9$ to ! ,^w ( ,god ?an any o!r creature4 ,h5ce x m fully receives ! light 9 :i* ,god is se5 by ! ,^w ,himself ?an any o!r creature4 ,& !re=e m p]fectly ?an ! re/ ( creatures x sees ! ,fir/ ,tru? itself1 :i* is ! ,ess5ce ( ,god2 h5ce x is writt5 7,john #a3ad73 ,& we saw ,8 glory1 ! glory z x 7 ( ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full n only ( grace b also ( tru?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,p]fection ( k1 on ! "p ( ! ?+ kn[n1 dep5ds on ! m$ium2 b z reg>ds ! kn[]1 x dep5ds on ! p[] or habit4 ,& h5ce x is t ev5 among/ m5 "o sees a conclusion 9 a m$ium m p]fectly ?an ano!r does4 ,& 9 ?is way ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 :i* is fill$ ) a m abundant light1 kn[s ! ,div9e ,ess5ce m p]fectly ?an d ! o!r bless$1 al?\gh all see ! ,div9e ,ess5ce 9 itself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! vision ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce exce$s ! natural p[] ( any creature1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ab1 ,a4 #d74 ,& h5ce ! degrees !re( dep5d r on ! ord] ( grace 9 :i* ,*ri/ is supreme1 ?an on ! ord] ( nature1 9 :i* ! angelic nature is plac$ be=e ! human4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #ab71 !re _c be a great] grace ?an ! grace ( ,*ri/ ) respect to ! union ) ! ,^w2 & ! same is to be said ( ! p]fection ( ! ,div9e vision2 al?\gh1 absolutely speak+1 !re c\ld be a high] & m sublime degree by ! inf9ity ( ! ,div9e p[]4 ,,"q #aa ,,( ,,! ,,k ,,impr9t$ ,,or ,,infus$ ,,9 ,,! ,,s\l ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! k impr9t$ or infus$ 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 & "u ?is head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ kn[s all ?+s by ?is k8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he c\ld use ?is k by turn+ to phantasms8 7#c7 ,:e!r ?is k 0 collative8 7#d7 ,( ! comp>ison ( ?is k ) ! angelic k2 7#e7 ,:e!r x 0 a habitual k8 7#f7 ,:e!r x 0 di/+ui%$ by v>i\s habits8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aa1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r by ,?is ,impr9t$ or ,infus$ ,k ,*ri/ ,knew ,all ,?+s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t by ?is k ,*ri/ did n "k all ?+s4 ,= ?is k is impr9t$ ^u ,*ri/ = ! p]fection ( ! passive intellect4 ,n[ ! passive intellect ( ! human s\l does n seem to be 9 pot5tiality to all ?+s simply1 b only to ^? ?+s ) reg>d to :i* x c be r$uc$ to act by ! active intellect1 :i* is its prop] motor2 & ^! are kn[able by natural reason4 ,!re=e by ?is k ,*ri/ did n "k :at exce$$ ! natural reason4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 phantasms are to ! human intellect z colors to sight1 z is said ,de ,anima iii1 #ah1 #ca1 #ci4 ,b x does n p]ta9 to ! p]fection ( ! p[] ( see+ to "k :at is )\t color4 ,!re=e x does n p]ta9 to ! p]fection ( human intellect to "k ?+s ( :i* !re are no phantasms1 su* z sep>ate sub/ances4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ?is k 0 9 ,*ri/ = ! p]fection ( ,8 intellective s\l1 x seems t by ?is k ,he did n "k sep>ate sub/ances4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x does n belong to ! p]fection ( ! intellect to "k s+ul>s4 ,h5ce x w\ld seem t by ?is k ! s\l ( ,*ri/ did n "k s+ul>s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #aa3b7 t ! ,_s ( wisdom & und]/&+1 ( k & c\nsel %all fill ,him 99,vulg43 ',! ,_s ( ! ,"l %all re/ ^u ,him1 ! ,_s ( wisdom & und]/&+1 ! ,_s ( c\nsel 4 4 4 ! ,_s ( k 4 4 4 '2 cf4 ,ecclus4 #ae3e1 "u :i* are includ$ all t may be kn[n2 = ! k ( all ,div9e ?+s belongs to wisdom1 ! k ( all immat]ial ?+s to und]/&+1 ! k ( all conclusions to k 7sci5tia71 ! k ( all practical ?+s to c\nsel4 ,h5ce x w\ld seem t by ?is k ,*ri/ _h ! k ( all ?+s4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #i1 ,a4 #a71 x 0 fitt+ t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ %\ld be :olly p]fect$ by hav+ ea* ( its p[]s r$uc$ to act4 ,n[ x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t 9 ! human s\l1 z 9 e creature1 !re is a d\ble passive p[]3 "o 9 comp>ison ) a natural ag5t2 ! o!r 9 comp>ison ) ! fir/ ag5t1 :i* c r$uce any creature to a high] act ?an a natural ag5t c r$uce x1 & ?is is usually call$ ! ob$i5tial p[] ( a creature4 ,n[ bo? p[]s ( ,*ri/'s s\l 7 r$uc$ to act by ?is div9ely impr9t$ k4 ,& h5ce1 by x ! s\l ( ,*ri/ knew3 ,fir/1 :atev] c be kn[n by =ce ( a man's active intellect1 e4g4 :atev] p]ta9s to human sci5ces2 secondly1 by ?is k ,*ri/ knew all ?+s made kn[n to man by ,div9e revelation1 :e!r !y belong to ! gift ( wisdom or ! gift ( prophecy1 or any o!r gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 s9ce ! s\l ( ,*ri/ knew ^! ?+s m fully & completely ?an o!rs4 ,yet ,he did n "k ! ,ess5ce ( ,god by ?is k1 b by ! fir/ alone1 ( :i* we spoke above 7,q4 #aj74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is reason ref]s to ! natural p[] ( an intellective s\l 9 comp>ison ) its natural ag5t1 :i* is ! active intellect4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! human s\l 9 ! /ate ( ?is life1 s9ce x is some:at fett]$ by ! body1 s z to be unable to und]/& )\t phantasms1 _c und]/& sep>ate sub/ances4 ,b aft] ! /ate ( ?is life ! sep>at$ s\l w be able1 9 a measure1 to "k sep>ate sub/ances by itself1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #hi1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b71 & ?is is especially cle> z reg>ds ! s\ls ( ! bless$4 ,n[ be=e ,8 ,passion1 ,*ri/ 0 n m]ely a wayf>] b also a compreh5sor2 h5ce ,8 s\l c\ld "k sep>ate sub/ances 9 ! same way t a sep>at$ s\l c\ld4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! k ( s+ul>s p]ta9s to ! p]fection ( ! intellective s\l1 n 9 speculative k1 b 9 practical k1 :i* is imp]fect )\t ! k ( s+ul>s1 9 :i* op]ations exi/1 z is said ,e?ic4 vi1 #g4 ,h5ce = prud5ce are requir$ ! remembrance ( pa/ ?+s1 k ( pres5t ?+s1 & =esight ( future ?+s1 z ,tully says 7,de ,inv5t4 ii74 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,*ri/ _h ! fulness ( prud5ce by ! gift ( c\nsel1 ,he consequ5tly knew all s+ul> ?+s--pres5t1 pa/1 & future4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aa1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,c\ld ,use ,?is ,k by ,turn+ to ,phantasms8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ c\ld n und]/& by ?is k except by turn+ to phantasms1 because1 z is /at$ ,de ,anima iii1 #ah1 #ca1 #ci1 phantasms are comp>$ to man's intellective s\l z colors to sight4 ,b ,*ri/'s p[] ( see+ c\ld n become actual save by turn+ to colors4 ,!re=e ,8 intellective s\l c\ld und]/& no?+ except by turn+ to phantasms4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s s\l is ( ! same nature z ours4 o!rwise ,he w\ld n be ( ! same species z we1 contr>y to :at ! ,apo/le says 7,phil4 #b3g7 4 4 4 be+ made 9 ! lik5ess ( m54 ,b our s\l _c und]/& except by turn+ to phantasms4 ,h5ce1 nei!r c ,*ri/'s s\l o!rwise und]/&4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 s5ses are giv5 to man to help 8 intellect4 ,h5ce1 if ! s\l ( ,*ri/ c\ld und]/& )\t turn+ to phantasms1 :i* arise 9 ! s5ses1 x w\ld foll[ t 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ ! s5ses 7 useless1 :i* is n fitt+4 ,!re=e x seems t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ c only und]/& by turn+ to phantasms4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! s\l ( ,*ri/ knew c]ta9 ?+s :i* c\ld n be kn[n by ! s5ses1 viz4 sep>ate sub/ances4 ,!re=e x c\ld und]/& )\t turn+ to phantasms4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! /ate be=e ,8 ,passion ,*ri/ 0 at ! same "t a wayf>] & a compreh5sor1 z w be m cle>ly %[n 7,q4 #ae1 ,a4 #aj74 ,especially _h ,he ! conditions ( a wayf>] on ! "p ( ! body1 :i* 0 passible2 b ! conditions ( a compreh5sor ,he _h *iefly on ! "p ( ! s\l4 ,n[ ?is is ! condition ( ! s\l ( a compreh5sor1 viz4 t x is n[ise subject to its body1 or dep5d5t ^u x1 b :olly dom9ates x4 ,h5ce aft] ! resurrection glory w fl[ f ! s\l to ! body4 ,b ! s\l ( man on e>? ne$s to turn to phantasms1 because x is fett]$ by ! body & 9 a measure subject to & dep5d5t ^u x4 ,& h5ce ! bless$ bo? be=e & aft] ! resurrection c und]/& )\t turn+ to phantasms4 ,& ?is mu/ be said ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 :i* _h fully ! capabilities ( a compreh5sor4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is lik5ess :i* ! ,philosoph] ass]ts is n ) reg>d to ev]y?+4 ,= x is manife/ t ! end ( ! p[] ( see+ is to "k colors2 b ! end ( ! intellective p[] is n to "k phantasms1 b to "k intelligible species1 :i* x appreh5ds f & 9 phantasms1 accord+ to ! /ate ( ! pres5t life4 ,!re=e !re is a lik5ess 9 respect ( :at bo? p[]s reg>d1 b n 9 respect ( t 9 :i* ! condition ( bo? p[]s is t]m9at$4 ,n[ no?+ prev5ts a ?+ 9 diff]5t /ates f rea*+ its end by diff]5t ways3 albeit !re is nev] b "o prop] end ( a ?+4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh ! sight kn[s no?+ )\t color2 nev]!less 9 a c]ta9 /ate ! intellect c "k )\t phantasms1 b n )\t intelligible species4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 ( ! same nature z our s\ls1 yet x _h a /ate :i* our s\ls h n yet 9 fact1 b only 9 hope1 i4e4 ! /ate ( compreh5sion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! s\l ( ,*ri/ c\ld und]/& )\t turn+ to phantasms1 yet x c\ld also und]/& by turn+ to phantasms4 ,h5ce ! s5ses 7 n useless 9 x2 especially z ! s5ses are n af=d$ to man solely = intellectual k1 b = ! ne$ ( animal life4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aa1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,?is ,k ,is ,collative8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h n ?is k by way ( comp>ison4 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ad73 ,we d n uphold c\nsel or *oice 9 ,*ri/4 ,n[ ^! ?+s are )held f ,*ri/ only inasmu* z !y imply comp>ison & discursion4 ,!re=e x seems t !re 0 no collative or discursive k 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 man ne$s comp>ison & discursion ( reason 9 ord] to f9d out ! unkn[n4 ,b ! s\l ( ,*ri/ knew ev]y?+1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #aj1 ,a4 #b74 ,h5ce !re 0 no discursive or collative k 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! k 9 ,*ri/'s s\l 0 l t ( compreh5sors1 :o are lik5$ to ! angels1 accord+ to ,matt4 #bb3cj4 ,n[ !re is no collative or discursive k 9 ! angels1 z ,dionysius %[s 7,div4 ,nom4 vii74 ,!re=e !re 0 no discursive or collative k 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/ _h a rational s\l1 z 0 %[n 7,q4 #e1 ,a4 #d74 ,n[ ! prop] op]ation ( a rational s\l consi/s 9 comp>ison & discursion f "o ?+ to ano!r4 ,!re=e !re 0 collative & discursive k 9 ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,k may be discursive or collative 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 9 ! acquisition ( ! k1 z happ5s to u1 :o proce$ f "o ?+ to ! k ( ano!r1 z f causes to effects1 & conv]sely4 ,& 9 ?is way ! k 9 ,*ri/'s s\l 0 n discursive or collative1 s9ce ?is k :i* we are n[ consid]+ 0 div9ely infus$1 & n acquir$ by a process ( reason+4 ,secondly1 k may be call$ discursive or collative 9 use2 z at times ^? :o "k1 reason f cause to effect1 n 9 ord] to le>n anew1 b wi%+ to use ! k !y h4 ,& 9 ?is way ! k 9 ,*ri/'s s\l c\ld be collative or discursive2 s9ce x c\ld conclude "o ?+ f ano!r1 z x pleas$1 z 9 ,matt4 #ag3bd1 #be1 :5 our ,"l ask$ ,pet]3 ,( :om d ! k+s ( ! e>? receive tribute1 ( _! own *ildr51 or ( /rang]s8 ,on ,pet] reply+3 ,( /rang]s1 ,he conclud$3 ,!n ! *ildr5 are free4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,f ,*ri/ is exclud$ t c\nsel :i* is ) d\bt2 & consequ5tly *oice1 :i* ess5tially includes su* c\nsel2 b ! practice ( us+ c\nsel is n exclud$ f ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is reason re/s ^u discursion & comp>ison1 z us$ to acquire k4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! bless$ are lik5$ to ! angels 9 ! gifts ( graces2 yet !re /ill rema9s ! diff]5ce ( natures4 ,& h5ce to use comp>ison & discursion is connatural to ! s\ls ( ! bless$1 b n to angels4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aa1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,?is ,k ,0 ,great] ,?an ! ,k ( ! ,angels8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is k 0 n great] 9 ,*ri/ ?an 9 ! angels4 ,= p]fection is proportion$ to ! ?+ p]fect$4 ,b ! human s\l 9 ! ord] ( nature is bel[ ! angelic nature4 ,!re=e s9ce ! k we are n[ speak+ ( is impr9t$ ^u ,*ri/'s s\l = its p]fection1 x seems t ?is k is less ?an ! k by :i* ! angelic nature is p]fect$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! k ( ,*ri/'s s\l 0 9 a measure comp>ative & discursive1 :i* _c be said ( ! angelic k4 ,!re=e ! k ( ,*ri/'s s\l 0 less ?an ! k ( ! angels4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! m immat]ial k is1 ! great] x is4 ,b ! k ( ! angels is m immat]ial ?an ! k ( ,*ri/'s s\l1 s9ce ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is ! act ( a body1 & turns to phantasms1 :i* _c be said ( ! angels4 ,!re=e ! k ( angels is great] ?an ! k ( ,*ri/'s s\l4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #b3i73 ,= we see ,jesus1 ,:o 0 made a little l[] ?an ! angels1 = ! suff]+ ( dea?1 cr[n$ ) glory & honor2 f :i* x is pla9 t ,*ri/ is said to be l[] ?an ! angels only 9 reg>d to ! suff]+ ( dea?4 ,& h5ce1 n 9 k4 ,i answ] t1 ,! k impr9t$ on ,*ri/'s s\l may be look$ at 9 two ways3 ,fir/1 z reg>ds :at x has f ! infl[+ cause2 secondly1 z reg>ds :at x has f ! subject receiv+ x4 ,n[ ) reg>d to ! fir/1 ! k impr9t$ ^u ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 m excell5t ?an ! k ( ! angels1 bo? 9 ! numb] ( ?+s kn[n & 9 ! c]ta9ty ( ! k2 s9ce ! spiritual light1 :i* is impr9t$ on ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 is mu* m excell5t ?an ! light :i* p]ta9s to ! angelic nature4 ,b z reg>ds ! second1 ! k impr9t$ on ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is less ?an ! angelic k1 9 ! mann] ( kn[+ t is natural to ! human s\l1 i4e4 by turn+ to phantasms1 & by comp>ison & discursion4 ,& h]eby ! reply to ! objections is made cle>4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aa1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,?is ,k ,0 ,habitual8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no habitual k4 ,= x has be5 said 7,q4 #i1 ,a4 #a7 t ! highe/ p]fection ( k befitt$ ,*ri/'s s\l4 ,b ! p]fection ( an actually exi/+ k is great] ?an t ( a pot5tially or habitually exi/+ k4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ = ,him to "k all ?+s actually4 ,!re=e ,he _h n habitual k4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 s9ce habits are orda9$ to acts1 a habitual k :i* is nev] r$uc$ to act w\ld seem useless4 ,n[1 s9ce ,*ri/ knew all ?+s1 z 0 said 7,q4 #aj1 ,a4 #b71 ,he c\ld n h consid]$ all ?+s actually1 ?9k+ ov] "o aft] ano!r1 s9ce ! inf9ite _c be pass$ ov] by enum]ation4 ,!re=e ! habitual k ( c]ta9 ?+s w\ld h be5 useless to ,him--:i* is unfitt+4 ,!re=e ,he _h an actual & n a habitual k ( :at ,he knew4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 habitual k is a p]fection ( ! kn[]4 ,b p]fection is m noble ?an ! ?+ p]fect$4 ,if1 !re=e1 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ !re 0 any creat$ habit ( k1 x w\ld foll[ t ?is creat$ ?+ 0 nobl] ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e !re 0 no habitual k 9 ,*ri/'s s\l4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! k ( ,*ri/ we are n[ speak+ ab\t 0 univocal ) our k1 ev5 z ,8 s\l 0 ( ! same species z ours4 ,b our k is 9 ! g5us ( habit4 ,!re=e ! k ( ,*ri/ 0 habitual4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #d71 ! mode ( ! k impress$ on ! s\l ( ,*ri/ befitt$ ! subject receiv+ x4 ,= ! receiv$ is 9 ! recipi5t aft] ! mode ( ! recipi5t4 ,n[ ! connatural mode ( ! human s\l is t x %\ld und]/& sometimes actually1 & sometimes pot5tially4 ,b ! m$ium betwe5 a pure p[] & a complet$ act is a habit3 & extremes & m$ium are ( ! same g5us4 ,?us x is pla9 t x is ! connatural mode ( ! human s\l to receive k z a habit4 ,h5ce x mu/ be said t ! k impr9t$ on ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 habitual1 = ,he c\ld use x :5 ,he pleas$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ,*ri/'s s\l !re 0 a tw(old k--ea* mo/ p]fect ( its k9d3 ! fir/ exce$+ ! mode ( human nature1 z by x ,he saw ! ,ess5ce ( ,god1 & o!r ?+s 9 ,x1 & ?is 0 ! mo/ p]fect1 simply4 ,nor 0 ?is k habitual1 b actual ) respect to ev]y?+ ,he knew 9 ?is way4 ,b ! second k 0 9 ,*ri/ 9 a mann] proportion$ to human nature1 i4e4 inasmu* z ,he knew ?+s by species div9ely impr9t$ ^u ,him1 & ( ?is k we are n[ speak+4 ,n[ ?is k 0 n mo/ p]fect1 simply1 b m]ely 9 ! g5us ( human k2 h5ce x did n behoove x to be always 9 act4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,habits are r$uc$ to act by ! comm& ( ! w1 s9ce a habit is t ) :i* we act :5 we wi%4 ,n[ ! w is indet]m9ate 9 reg>d to inf9ite ?+s4 ,yet x is n useless1 ev5 :5 x does n actually t5d to all2 provid$ x actually t5ds to ev]y?+ 9 fitt+ place & "t4 ,& h5ce nei!r is a habit useless1 ev5 if all t x ext5ds to is n r$uc$ to act2 provid$ t t :i* befits ! due end ( ! w be r$uc$ to act accord+ z ! matt] 9 h& & ! "t require4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,goodness & be+ are tak5 9 two ways3 ,fir/1 simply2 & ?us a sub/ance1 :i* subsi/s 9 its be+ & goodness1 is a good & a be+2 secondly1 be+ & goodness are tak5 relatively1 & 9 ?is way an accid5t is a be+ & a good1 n t x has be+ & goodness1 b t its subject is a be+ & a good4 ,& h5ce habitual k is n simply bett] or m excell5t ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/2 b relatively1 s9ce ! :ole goodness ( habitual k is add$ to ! goodness ( ! subject4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #aa1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,?is ,k ,0 ,di/+ui%$ by ,div]s ,habits8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ !re 0 only "o habit ( k4 ,= ! m p]fect k is1 ! m unit$ x is2 h5ce ! high] angels und]/& by ! m univ]sal =ms1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ee1 ,a4 #c74 ,n[ ,*ri/'s k 0 mo/ p]fect4 ,!re=e x 0 mo/ "o4 ,!re=e x 0 n di/+ui%$ by sev]al habits4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 our fai? is d]iv$ f ,*ri/'s k2 h5ce x is writt5 7,heb4 #ab3b73 ,look+ on ,jesus ! au?or & f9i%] ( fai?4 ,b !re is only "o habit ( fai? ab\t all ?+s believ$1 z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #d1 ,a4 #f74 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 0 !re only "o habit ( k 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 k is di/+ui%$ by ! div]s =malities ( kn[able ?+s4 ,b ! s\l ( ,*ri/ knew ev]y?+ "u "o =mality1 i4e4 by a div9ely infus$ light4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 only "o habit ( k4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ze*4 #c3i7 t on "o /one1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 !re are sev5 eyes4 ,n[ by ! eye is und]/ood k4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 sev]al habits ( k4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #d1 #e71 ! k impr9t$ on ,*ri/'s s\l has a mode connatural to a human s\l4 ,n[ x is connatural to a human s\l to receive species ( a less] univ]sality ?an ! angels receive2 s t x kn[s diff]5t specific natures by diff]5t intelligible species4 ,b x s happ5s t we h diff]5t habits ( k1 because !re are diff]5t classes ( kn[able ?+s1 inasmu* z :at are 9 "o g5us are kn[n by "o habit2 ?us x is said 7,po/]4 i1 #db7 t "o sci5ce is ( "o class ( object4 ,& h5ce ! k impr9t$ on ,*ri/'s s\l 0 di/+ui%$ by diff]5t habits4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z 0 said 7,a4 #d71 ! k ( ,*ri/'s s\l is mo/ p]fect1 & exce$s ! k ( angels ) reg>d to :at is 9 x on ! "p ( ,god's gift2 b x is bel[ ! angelic k z reg>ds ! mode ( ! recipi5t4 ,& x p]ta9s to ?is mode t ?is k is di/+ui%$ by v>i\s habits1 inasmu* z x reg>ds m p>ticul> species4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,our fai? re/s ^u ! ,fir/ ,tru?2 & h5ce ,*ri/ is ! au?or ( our fai? by ! ,div9e k1 :i* is simply "o4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! div9ely infus$ light is ! common =mality = und]/&+ :at is div9ely reveal$1 z ! light ( ! active intellect is ) reg>d to :at is naturally kn[n4 ,h5ce1 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ !re mu/ be ! prop] species ( s+ul> ?+s1 9 ord] to "k ea* ) prop] k2 & 9 ?is way !re mu/ be div]s habits ( k 9 ,*ri/'s s\l1 z /at$ above4 ,,"q #ab ,,( ,,! ,,acquir$ ,,or ,,empiric ,,k ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,s\l 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! acquir$ or empiric k ( ,*ri/'s s\l2 & "u ?is head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ knew all ?+s by ?is k8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he advanc$ 9 ?is k8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he le>n$ any?+ f man8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he receiv$ any?+ f angels8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ab1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,knew ,all ,?+s by ,?is ,acquir$ or ,empiric ,k8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n "k ev]y?+ by ?is k4 ,= ?is k is acquir$ by exp]i5ce4 ,b ,*ri/ did n exp]i5ce ev]y?+4 ,!re=e ,he did n "k ev]y?+ by ?is k4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 man acquires k ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,b n all s5sible ?+s 7 subject$ to ,*ri/'s bodily s5ses4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n "k ev]y?+ by ?is k4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ext5t ( k dep5ds on ! ?+s kn[able4 ,!re=e if ,*ri/ knew all ?+s by ?is k1 ,8 acquir$ k w\ld h be5 equal to ,8 infus$ & beatific k2 :i* is n fitt+4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n "k all ?+s by ?is k4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,no?+ imp]fect 0 9 ,*ri/'s s\l4 ,n[ ?is k ( ,8 w\ld h be5 imp]fect if ,he _h n kn[n all ?+s by x1 s9ce ! imp]fect is t to :i* addition may be made4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ knew all ?+s by ?is k4 ,i answ] t1 ,acquir$ k is held to be 9 ,*ri/'s s\l1 z we h said 7,q4 #i1 ,a4 #d71 by reason ( ! active intellect1 le/ its action1 :i* is to make ?+s actually intelligible1 %\ld be want+2 ev5 z impr9t$ or infus$ k is held to be 9 ,*ri/'s s\l = ! p]fection ( ! passive intellect4 ,n[ z ! passive intellect is t by :i* all ?+s are 9 pot5tiality1 s ! active intellect is t by :i* all are 9 act1 z is said ,de ,anima iii1 #ah4 ,& h5ce1 z ! s\l ( ,*ri/ knew by infus$ k all ?+s to :i* ! passive intellect is 9 any way 9 pot5tiality1 s by acquir$ k x knew :atev] c be kn[n by ! action ( ! active intellect4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! k ( ?+s may be acquir$ n m]ely by exp]i5c+ ! ?+s !mselves1 b by exp]i5c+ o!r ?+s2 s9ce by virtue ( ! light ( ! active intellect man c g on to und]/& effects f causes1 & causes f effects1 l f l1 contr>y f contr>y4 ,!re=e ,*ri/1 ?\gh ,he did n exp]i5ce all ?+s1 came to ! k ( all ?+s f :at ,he did exp]i5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh all s5sible ?+s 7 n subject$ to ,*ri/'s bodily s5ses1 yet o!r s5sible ?+s 7 subject$ to ,8 s5ses2 & f ?is ,he c\ld come to "k o!r ?+s by ! mo/ excell5t =ce ( ,8 reason1 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ! previ\s reply2 j z 9 see+ heav5ly bodies ,he c\ld compreh5d _! p[]s & ! effects !y h ^u ?+s "h bel[1 :i* 7 n subject$ to ,8 s5ses2 & = ! same reason1 f any o!r ?+s :atsoev]1 ,he c\ld come to ! k ( yet o!r ?+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,by ?is k ! s\l ( ,*ri/ did n "k all ?+s simply1 b all su* z are kn[able by ! light ( man's active intellect4 ,h5ce by ?is k ,he did n "k ! ess5ces ( sep>ate sub/ances1 nor pa/1 pres5t1 or future s+ul>s1 :i*1 nev]!less1 ,he knew by infus$ k1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #aa74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ab1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,advanc$ 9 ,acquir$ or ,empiric ,k8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n advance 9 ?is k4 ,= ev5 z ,*ri/ knew all ?+s by ,8 beatific & ,8 infus$ k1 s also did ,he by ?is acquir$ k1 z is pla9 f :at has be5 said 7,a4 #a74 ,b ,he did n advance 9 ^! kn[l$ges4 ,!re=e nei!r 9 ?is4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to advance belongs to ! imp]fect1 s9ce ! p]fect _c be add$ to4 ,n[ we _c suppose an imp]fect k 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n advance 9 ?is k4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bb73 ,:oev] say t ,*ri/ advanc$ 9 wisdom & grace1 z if receiv+ additional s5sations1 d n v5]ate ! union :i* is 9 hypo/asis4 ,b x is impi\s n to v5]ate ?is union4 ,!re=e x is impi\s to say t ,8 k receiv$ increase4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #b3eb73 ,jesus advanc$ 9 wisdom & age & grace ) ,god & m52 & ,ambrose says 7,de ,inc>4 ,dom4 vii7 t ,he advanc$ 9 human wisdom4 ,n[ human wisdom is t :i* is acquir$ 9 a human mann]1 i4e4 by ! light ( ! active intellect4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ advanc$ 9 ?is k4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re is a tw(old advancem5t 9 k3 "o 9 ess5ce1 inasmu* z ! habit ( k is increas$2 ! o!r 9 effect--e4g4 if someone 7 ) "o & ! same habit ( k to prove to someone else "s m9or tru?s at fir/1 & aft]w>ds great] & m subtle conclusions4 ,n[ 9 ?is second way x is pla9 t ,*ri/ advanc$ 9 k & grace1 ev5 z 9 age1 s9ce z ,8 age increas$ ,he wr\ght great] de$s1 & %[$ great] k & grace4 ,b z reg>ds ! habit ( k1 x is pla9 t ,8 habit ( infus$ k did n increase1 s9ce f ! beg9n+ ,he _h p]fect infus$ k ( all ?+s2 & /ill less c\ld ,8 beatific k increase2 :ile 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #ae71 we h already said t ,8 ,div9e k c\ld n increase4 ,!re=e1 if 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ !re 0 no habit ( acquir$ k1 beyond ! habit ( infus$ k1 z appe>s to "s 99,bless$ ,alb]t ! ,great1 ,alex&] ( ,hales1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 & sometime appe>$ to me 7,s5t4 iii1 ,d1 xiv71 no k 9 ,*ri/ increas$ 9 ess5ce1 b m]ely by exp]i5ce1 i4e4 by comp>+ ! infus$ intelligible species ) phantasms4 ,& 9 ?is way !y ma9ta9 t ,*ri/'s k grew 9 exp]i5ce1 e4g4 by comp>+ ! infus$ intelligible species ) :at ,he receiv$ ?r\gh ! s5ses = ! fir/ "t4 ,b because x seems unfitt+ t any natural intelligible action %\ld be want+ to ,*ri/1 & because to extract intelligible species f phantasms is a natural action ( man's active intellect1 x seems becom+ to place ev5 ?is action 9 ,*ri/4 ,& x foll[s f ?is t 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ !re 0 a habit ( k :i* c\ld increase by ?is ab/raction ( species2 inasmu* z ! active intellect1 aft] ab/ract+ ! fir/ intelligible species f phantasms1 c\ld ab/ract o!rs1 & o!rs aga94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,bo? ! infus$ k & ! beatific k ( ,*ri/'s s\l 7 ! effects ( an ag5t ( inf9ite p[]1 :i* c\ld produce ! :ole at once2 & ?us 9 nei!r k did ,*ri/ advance2 s9ce f ! beg9n+ ,he _h !m p]fectly4 ,b ! acquir$ k ( ,*ri/ is caus$ by ! active intellect :i* does n produce ! :ole at once1 b successively2 & h5ce by ?is k ,*ri/ did n "k ev]y?+ f ! beg9n+1 b /ep by /ep1 & aft] a "t1 i4e4 9 ,8 p]fect age2 & ?is is pla9 f :at ! ,evangeli/ says1 viz4 t ,he increas$ 9 k & age toge!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ev5 ?is k 0 always p]fect = ! "t be+1 al?\gh x 0 n always p]fect1 simply & 9 comp>ison to ! nature2 h5ce x c\ld increase4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is say+ ( ,damasc5e reg>ds ^? :o say absolutely t addition 0 made to ,*ri/'s k1 i4e4 z reg>ds any k ( ,81 & especially z reg>ds ! infus$ k :i* is caus$ 9 ,*ri/'s s\l by union ) ! ,^w2 b x does n reg>d ! increase ( k caus$ by ! natural ag5t4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ab1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,le>n$ ,any?+ f ,man8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ le>n$ some?+ f man4 ,= x is writt5 7,luke #b3df1 #dg7 t1 ,!y f\nd ,him 9 ! temple 9 ! mid/ ( ! doctors1 he>+ !m1 & ask+ !m que/ions4 ,b to ask que/ions & to reply p]ta9s to a le>n]4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ le>n$ some?+ f man4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to acquire k f a man's tea*+ seems m noble ?an to acquire x f s5sible ?+s1 s9ce 9 ! s\l ( ! man :o tea*es ! intelligible species are 9 act2 b 9 s5sible ?+s ! intelligible species are only 9 pot5tiality4 ,n[ ,*ri/ receiv$ empiric k f s5sible ?+s1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 c\ld ,he receive k by le>n+ f m54 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 by empiric k ,*ri/ did n "k ev]y?+ f ! beg9n+1 b advanc$ 9 x1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #b74 ,b anyone he>+ words :i* mean some?+1 may le>n some?+ he does n "k4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ c\ld le>n f m5 some?+ ,he did n "k by ?is k4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ps4 #de3d73 ,behold1 ,i h giv5 ,him = a witness to ! p1 = a lead] & a ma/] to ! ,g5tiles4 ,n[ a ma/] is n taught1 b tea*es4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n receive any k by ! tea*+ ( any man4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 e g5us t :i* is ! fir/ mov] is n mov$ accord+ to ! same species ( movem5t2 j z ! fir/ alt]ative is n itself alt]$4 ,n[ ,*ri/ is e/abli%$ by ,god ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*--yea1 ( all m51 z 0 said above 7,q4 #h1 ,a4 #c71 s t n only all might receive grace ?r\gh ,him1 b t all might receive ! doctr9e ( ,tru? f ,him4 ,h5ce ,he ,himself says 7,john #ah3cg73 ,= ?is 0 ,i born1 & = ?is came ,i into ! _w2 t ,i %\ld give te/imony to ! tru?4 ,& ?us x did n befit ,8 dignity t ,he %\ld be taught by any man4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,orig5 says 7,hom4 xix 9 ,luc473 ,our ,"l ask$ que/ions n 9 ord] to le>n any?+1 b 9 ord] to tea* by que/ion+4 ,= f ! same well ( k came ! "q & ! wise reply4 ,h5ce ! ,gospel goes on to say t all t he>d ,him 7 a/oni%$ at ,8 wisdom & ,8 answ]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:oev] le>ns f man does n receive k imm$iately f ! intelligible species :i* are 9 8 m9d1 b ?r\gh s5sible words1 :i* are signs ( intelligible concepts4 ,n[ z words =m$ by a man are signs ( 8 intellectual k2 s are creatures1 =m$ by ,god1 signs ( ,8 wisdom4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #a3aj7 t ,god p\r$ wisdom out ^u all ,8 works4 ,h5ce1 j z x is bett] to be taught by ,god ?an by man1 s x is bett] to receive our k f s5sible creatures & n by man's tea*+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,jesus advanc$ 9 empiric k1 z 9 age1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,n[ z a fitt+ age is requir$ = a man to acquire k by discov]y1 s also t he may acquire x by be+ taught4 ,b our ,"l did no?+ unbecom+ to ,8 age2 & h5ce ,he did n give e> to he>+ ! lessons ( doctr9e until su* "t z ,he 0 able to h rea*$ t grade ( k by way ( exp]i5ce4 ,h5ce ,gregory says 7,sup4 ,eze*4 ,lib4 i1 ,hom4 ii73 ,9 ! twelf? ye> ( ,8 age ,he deign$ to "q m5 on e>?1 s9ce 9 ! c\rse ( reason1 ! ^w ( doctr9e is n v\*saf$ be=e ! age ( p]fection4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ab1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,receiv$ ,k f ! ,angels8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ receiv$ k f ! angels4 ,= x is writt5 7,luke #bb3dc7 t !re appe>$ to ,him an angel f heav51 /r5g!n+ ,him4 ,b we are /r5g!n$ by ! com=t+ words ( a tea*]1 accord+ to ,job #d3c1 #d3 ,behold ?\ ha/ taught _m & ha/ /r5g!n$ ! we>y h&4 ,?y words h confirm$ !m t 7 /agg]+4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 taught by angels4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 iv73 ,= ,i see t ev5 ,jesus--! sup]-sub/antial sub/ance ( sup]cele/ial sub/ances--:5 )\t *ange ,he took our sub/ance ^u ,himself1 0 subject 9 ob$i5ce to ! in/ructions ( ! ,fa!r & ,god by ! angels4 ,h5ce x seems t ev5 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be subject to ! ord9ations ( ! ,div9e law1 :]eby m5 are taught by means ( angels4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z 9 ! natural ord] ! human body is subject to ! cele/ial bodies1 s likewise is ! human m9d to angelic m9ds4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s body 0 subject to ! impressions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 = ,he felt ! heat 9 summ] & ! cold 9 w9t]1 & o!r human passions4 ,!re=e ,8 human m9d 0 subject to ! illum9ations ( sup]cele/ial spirits4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 vii7 t ! highe/ angels "q ,jesus1 & le>n ! k ( ,8 ,div9e "w1 & ( ! fle% assum$ = u2 & ,jesus tea*es !m directly4 ,n[ to tea* & to be taught d n belong to ! same4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n receive k f ! angels4 ,i answ] t1 ,s9ce ! human s\l is midway betwe5 spiritual sub/ances & corporeal ?+s1 x is p]fect$ naturally 9 two ways4 ,fir/ by k receiv$ f s5sible ?+s2 secondly1 by k impr9t$ or infus$ by ! illum9ation ( spiritual sub/ances4 ,n[ 9 bo? ^! ways ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 p]fect$2 fir/ by empirical k ( s5sible ?+s1 = :i* !re is no ne$ ( angelic light1 s9ce ! light ( ! active intellect suffices2 secondly1 by ! high] impression ( infus$ k1 :i* ,he receiv$ directly f ,god4 ,= z ,8 s\l 0 unit$ to ! ,^w above ! common mode1 9 unity ( p]son1 s above ! common mann] ( m5 0 x fill$ ) k & grace by ! ,^w ( ,god ,himself2 & n by ! m$ium ( angels1 :o 9 _! beg9n+ receiv$ ! k ( ?+s by ! influ5ce ( ! ,^w1 z ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 ii1 #h74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is /r5g!n+ by ! angel 0 = ! purpose n ( in/ruct+ ,him1 b ( prov+ ! tru? ( ,8 human nature4 ,h5ce ,b$e says 7on ,luke #bb3dc73 ,9 te/imony ( bo? natures are ! angels said to h m9i/]$ to ,him & to h /r5g!n$ ,him4 ,= ! ,creator did n ne$ help f ,8 creature2 b hav+ become man1 ev5 z x 0 = our sake t ,he 0 sad1 s 0 x = our sake t ,he 0 /r5g!n$1 i4e4 9 ord] t our fai? 9 ! ,inc>nation might be /r5g!n$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,dionysius says t ,*ri/ 0 subject to ! angelic in/ructions1 n by reason ( ,himself1 b by reason ( :at happ5$ at ,8 ,inc>nation1 & z reg>ds ! c>e ( ,him :il/ ,he 0 a *ild4 ,h5ce 9 ! same place he adds t ,jesus' )drawal to ,egypt decre$ by ! ,fa!r is ann\nc$ to ,joseph by angels1 & aga9 ,8 return to ,judaea f ,egypt4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,son ( ,god assum$ a passible body 7z w be said h]eaft] 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #a77 & a s\l p]fect 9 k & grace 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a2 ,a4 #d74 ,h5ce ,8 body 0 rightly subject to ! impression ( heav5ly bodies2 b ,8 s\l 0 n subject to ! impression ( heav5ly spirits4 ,,"q #ac ,,( ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,s\l 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s s\l2 & "u ?is head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,he _h omnipot5ce simply8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he _h omnipot5ce ) reg>d to corporeal creatures8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he _h omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ,8 own body8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he _h omnipot5ce z reg>ds ! execution ( ,8 own w8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ac1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ ,_h ,omnipot5ce8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h omnipot5ce4 ,= ,ambrose 99,gloss1 ,ord4 says on ,luke #a3cb3 ,! p[] :i* ! ,son ( ,god _h naturally1 ! ,man 0 ab\t to receive 9 "t4 ,n[ ?is w\ld seem to reg>d ! s\l pr9cipally1 s9ce x is ! *ief "p ( man4 ,h5ce s9ce ! ,son ( ,god _h omnipot5ce f all et]nity1 x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ receiv$ omnipot5ce 9 "t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ! p[] ( ,god is inf9ite1 s is ,8 k4 ,b ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 9 a mann] _h ! k ( all t ,god kn[s1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #aj1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e ,he _h all p[]2 & ?us ,he 0 omnipot5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ has all k4 ,n[ k is ei!r practical or speculative4 ,!re=e ,he has a practical k ( :at ,he kn[s1 i4e4 ,he knew h[ to d :at ,he kn[s2 & ?us x seems t ,he c d all ?+s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:at is prop] to ,god _c belong to any creature4 ,b x is prop] to ,god to be omnipot5t1 accord+ to ,ex4 #ae3b1 #c3 ,he is my ,god & ,i w glorify ,him1 & fur!r on1 ,almighty is ,8 "n4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 z be+ a creature1 has n omnipot5ce4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #aj1 ,a4 #a7 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! union 9 p]son s took place t !re /ill rema9$ ! di/9ction ( natures1 ea* nature /ill reta9+ :at belong$ to x4 ,n[ ! active pr9ciple ( a ?+ foll[s its =m1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( action4 ,b ! =m is ei!r ! v nature ( ! ?+1 z 9 simple ?+s2 or is ! con/itu5t ( ! nature ( ! ?+2 z 9 su* z are compos$ ( matt] & =m4 ,& x is 9 ?is way t omnipot5ce fl[s1 s to say1 f ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,= s9ce ! ,div9e ,nature is ! v uncircumscrib$ ,be+ ( ,god1 z is pla9 f ,dionysius 7,div4 ,nom4 v71 x has an active p[] ov] ev]y?+ t c h ! nature ( be+2 & ?is is to h omnipot5ce2 j z e o!r ?+ has an active p[] ov] su* ?+s z ! p]fection ( its nature ext5ds to2 z :at is hot gives heat4 ,!re=e s9ce ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is a "p ( human nature1 x _c possibly h omnipot5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,by union ) ! ,p]son1 ! ,man receives omnipot5ce 9 "t1 :i* ! ,son ( ,god _h f et]nity2 ! result ( :i* union is t z ! ,man is said to be ,god1 s is ,he said to be omnipot5t2 n t ! omnipot5ce ( ! ,man is di/9ct 7z nei!r is ,8 ,godhead7 f t ( ! ,son ( ,god1 b because !re is "o ,p]son ( ,god & man4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,accord+ to "s1 k & active p[] are n 9 ! same ratio2 = an active p[] fl[s f ! v nature ( ! ?+1 inasmu* z action is consid]$ to come =? f ! ag5t2 b k is n always possess$ by ! v ess5ce or =m ( ! kn[]1 s9ce x may be _h by assimilation ( ! kn[] to ! ?+ kn[n by ! aid ( receiv$ species4 ,b ?is reason seems n to suffice1 because ev5 z we may und]/& by a lik5ess obta9$ f ano!r1 s also may we act by a =m obta9$ f ano!r1 z wat] or iron heats1 by heat borr[$ f fire4 ,h5ce !re w\ld be no reason :y ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 z x c "k all ?+s by ! similitudes ( all ?+s impress$ ^u x by ,god1 _c d ^! ?+s by ! same similitudes4 ,x has1 !re=e1 to be fur!r consid]$ t :at is receiv$ 9 ! l[] nature f ! high] is possess$ 9 an inf]ior mann]2 = heat is n receiv$ by wat] 9 ! p]fection & /r5g? x _h 9 fire4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is ( an inf]ior nature to ! ,div9e ,nature1 ! similitudes ( ?+s are n receiv$ 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 9 ! p]fection & /r5g? !y _h 9 ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,& h5ce x is t ! k ( ,*ri/'s s\l is inf]ior to ,div9e k z reg>ds ! mann] ( kn[+1 = ,god kn[s 7?+s7 m p]fectly ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/2 & also z reg>ds ! numb] ( ?+s kn[n1 s9ce ! s\l ( ,*ri/ does n "k all t ,god c d1 & ^! ,god kn[s by ! k ( simple intellig5ce2 al?\gh x kn[s all ?+s pres5t1 pa/1 & future1 :i* ,god kn[s by ! k ( vision4 ,s1 too1 ! similitudes ( ?+s infus$ into ,*ri/'s s\l d n equal ! ,div9e p[] 9 act+1 i4e4 s z to d all t ,god c d1 or to d 9 ! same mann] z ,god does1 ,:o acts ) an inf9ite might :]e( ! creature is n capable4 ,n[ !re is no ?+1 to "k :i* 9 "s way an inf9ite p[] is ne$$1 al?\gh a c]ta9 k9d ( k belongs to an inf9ite p[]2 yet !re are ?+s :i* c be done only by an inf9ite p[]1 z creation & ! l1 z is pla9 f :at has be5 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #de74 ,h5ce ,*ri/'s s\l :i*1 be+ a creature1 is f9ite 9 might1 c "k1 inde$1 all ?+s1 b n 9 e way2 yet x _c d all ?+s1 :i* p]ta9s to ! nature ( omnipot5ce2 &1 among/ o!r ?+s1 x is cle> x _c create itself4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s s\l has practical & speculative k2 yet x is n necess>y t x %\ld h practical k ( ^? ?+s ( :i* x has speculative k4 ,because = speculative k a m]e con=mity or assimilation ( ! kn[] to ! ?+ kn[n suffices2 :]eas = practical k x is requir$ t ! =ms ( ! ?+s 9 ! intellect %\ld be op]ative4 ,n[ to h a =m & to impress ?is =m ^u some?+ else is m ?an m]ely to h ! =m2 z to be lightsome & to enlight5 is m ?an m]ely to be lightsome4 ,h5ce ! s\l ( ,*ri/ has a speculative k ( creation 7= x kn[s ! mode ( ,god's creation71 b x has no practical k ( ?is mode1 s9ce x has no k op]ative ( creation4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ac1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ ,_h ,omnipot5ce ) ,reg>d to ! ,transmutation ( ,creatures8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ! transmutation ( creatures4 ,= ,he ,himself says 7,matt4 #bh3ah73 ,all p[] is giv5 to ,me 9 heav5 & on e>?4 ,n[ by ! words heav5 & e>? are meant all creatures1 z is pla9 f ,g54 #a3a3 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ heav5 & e>?4 ,!re=e x seems t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ! transmutation ( creatures4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is ! mo/ p]fect ( all creatures4 ,b e creature c be mov$ by ano!r creature2 = ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iii1 #d7 t ev5 z ! d5s] & l[] bodies are rul$ 9 a fix$ way by ! subtl] & /rong] bodies2 s are all bodies by ! _s ( life1 & ! irrational _s ( life by ! rational _s ( life1 & ! truant & s9ful rational _s ( life by ! rational1 loyal1 & righte\s _s ( life4 ,b ! s\l ( ,*ri/ moves ev5 ! highe/ spirits1 enlight5+ !m1 z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 vii74 ,!re=e x seems t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ has omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ! transmutation ( creatures4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s s\l _h 9 its highe/ degree ! grace ( miracles or works ( might4 ,b e transmutation ( ! creature c belong to ! grace ( miracles2 s9ce ev5 ! heav5ly bodies 7 miracul\sly *ang$ f _! c\rse1 z ,dionysius proves 7,ep4 ad ,polyc>p74 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s s\l _h omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ! transmutation ( creatures4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,to transmute creatures belongs to ,him ,:o pres]ves !m4 ,n[ ?is belongs to ,god alone1 accord+ to ,heb4 #a3c3 ,uphold+ all ?+s by ! ^w ( ,8 p[]4 ,!re=e ,god alone has omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ! transmutation ( creatures4 ,!re=e ?is does n belong to ,*ri/'s s\l4 ,i answ] t1 ,two di/9ctions are "h ne$$4 ,( ^! ! fir/ is ) respect to ! transmutation ( creatures1 :i* is ?ree-fold4 ,! fir/ is natural1 be+ br\ght ab\t by ! prop] ag5t naturally2 ! second is miracul\s1 be+ br\ght ab\t by a sup]natural ag5t above ! wont$ ord] & c\rse ( nature1 z to raise ! dead2 ! ?ird is inasmu* z e creature may be br\ght to no?+4 ,! second di/9ction has to d ) ,*ri/'s s\l1 :i* may be look$ at 9 two ways3 fir/ 9 its prop] nature & ) its p[] ( nature or ( grace2 secondly1 z x is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 p]sonally unit$ to ,him4 ,!re=e if we speak ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 9 its prop] nature & ) its p[] ( nature or ( grace1 x _h p[] to cause ^? effects prop] to a s\l 7e4g4 to rule ! body & direct human acts1 & also1 by ! fulness ( grace & k to enlight5 all rational creatures fall+ %ort ( its p]fection71 9 a mann] befitt+ a rational creature4 ,b if we speak ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/ z x is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,^w unit$ to ,him1 x _h an in/rum5tal p[] to effect all ! miracul\s transmutations orda9able to ! end ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i* is to re-e/abli% all ?+s t are 9 heav5 & on e>? 99,eph4 #a3aj4 ,b ! transmutation ( creatures1 inasmu* z !y may be br\ght to no?+1 corresponds to _! creation1 :]eby !y 7 br\ght f no?+4 ,& h5ce ev5 z ,god alone c create1 s1 too1 ,he alone c br+ creatures to no?+1 & ,he alone upholds !m 9 be+1 le/ !y fall back to no?+4 ,& ?us x mu/ be said t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h n omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ! transmutation ( creatures4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,j]ome says 7on ! text quot$73 ,p[] is giv5 ,him1 i4e4 to ,*ri/ z man1 ,:o a little :ile be=e 0 crucifi$1 buri$ 9 ! tomb1 & aft]w>ds rose aga94 ,b p[] is said to h be5 giv5 ,him1 by reason ( ! union :]eby x 0 br\ght ab\t t a ,man 0 omnipot5t1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a1 ad #a74 ,& al?\gh ?is 0 made kn[n to ! angels be=e ! ,resurrection1 yet aft] ! ,resurrection x 0 made kn[n to all m51 z ,remigius says 7cf4 ,cat5a ,aurea74 ,n[1 ?+s are said to happ5 :5 !y are made kn[n 99,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor3 ,qq4 9 ,ep4 ad ,philip44 ,h5ce aft] ! ,resurrection our ,"l says t all p[] is giv5 to ,him 9 heav5 & on e>?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh e creature is transmutable by "s o!r creature1 except1 inde$1 ! highe/ angel1 & ev5 x c be enlight5$ by ,*ri/'s s\l2 yet n e transmutation t c be made 9 a creature c be made by a creature2 s9ce "s transmutations c be made by ,god alone4 ,yet all transmutations t c be made 9 creatures c be made by ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 z ! in/rum5t ( ! ,^w1 b n 9 its prop] nature & p[]1 s9ce "s ( ^! transmutations p]ta9 to ! s\l nei!r 9 ! ord] ( nature nor 9 ! ord] ( grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,q4 #agh1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a71 ! grace ( mighty works or miracles is giv5 to ! s\l ( a sa9t1 s t ^! miracles are wr\ght n by 8 own1 b by ,div9e p[]4 ,n[ ?is grace 0 be/[$ on ,*ri/'s s\l mo/ excell5tly1 i4e4 n only t ,he might "w miracles1 b also t ,he might communicate ?is grace to o!rs4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,matt4 #aj3a7 t1 hav+ call$ ,8 twelve disciples toge!r1 ,he gave !m p[] ov] unclean spirits1 to ca/ !m out1 & to heal all mann] ( diseases1 & all mann] ( infirmities4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ac1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ ,_h ,omnipot5ce ) ,reg>d to ,8 ,own ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s s\l _h omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ,8 own body4 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bj1 #bc7 t all natural ?+s 7 volunt>y to ,*ri/2 ,he will$ to hung]1 ,he will$ to ?ir/1 ,he will$ to fe>1 ,he will$ to die4 ,n[ ,god is call$ omnipot5t because ,he ha? done all ?+s :atsoev] ,he w\ld 7,ps4 #aac3aa74 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s s\l _h omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ! natural op]ations ( ! body4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 human nature 0 m p]fect 9 ,*ri/ ?an 9 ,adam1 :o _h a body entirely subject to ! s\l1 s t no?+ c\ld happ5 to ! body aga9/ ! w ( ! s\l--& ?is on acc\nt ( ! orig9al ju/ice :i* x _h 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 _h ,*ri/'s s\l omnipot5ce ) reg>d to ,8 body4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! body is naturally *ang$ by ! imag9ations ( ! s\l2 & s mu* m *ang$1 ! /rong] ! s\l's imag9ation1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #aag1 ,a4 #c1 ad #c74 ,n[ ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h mo/ p]fect /r5g? z reg>ds bo? ! imag9ation & ! o!r p[]s4 ,!re=e ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 omnipot5t ) reg>d to ,8 own body4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #b3ag7 t x behoov$ ,him 9 all ?+s to be made l unto ,8 bre?r51 & especially z reg>ds :at belongs to ! condition ( human nature4 ,b x belongs to ! condition ( human nature t ! heal? ( ! body & its n\ri%m5t & gr[? are n subject to ! bidd+ ( reason or w1 s9ce natural ?+s are subject to ,god alone ,:o is ! au?or ( nature4 ,!re=e !y 7 n subject 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s s\l 0 n omnipot5t ) reg>d to ,8 own body4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 ,*ri/'s s\l may be view$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 9 its prop] nature & p[]2 & 9 ?is way1 z x 0 incapable ( mak+ ext]ior bodies sw]ve f ! c\rse & ord] ( nature1 s1 too1 0 x incapable ( *ang+ its own body f its natural disposition1 s9ce ! s\l1 ( its own nature1 has a det]m9ate relation to its body4 ,secondly1 ,*ri/'s s\l may be view$ z an in/rum5t unit$ 9 p]son to ,god's ,^w2 & ?us e disposition ( ,8 own body 0 :olly subject to ,8 p[]4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce ! p[] ( an action is n prop]ly attribut$ to ! in/rum5t1 b to ! pr9cipal ag5t1 ?is omnipot5ce is attribut$ to ! ,^w ( ,god r ?an to ,*ri/'s s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is say+ ( ,damasc5e ref]s to ! ,div9e w ( ,*ri/1 s9ce1 z he says 9 ! prec$+ *apt] 7,de ,fide ,or?4 xix1 #ad1 #ae71 x 0 by ! cons5t ( ! ,div9e w t ! fle% 0 all[$ to suff] & d :at 0 prop] to x4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x 0 no "p ( ! orig9al ju/ice :i* ,adam _h 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce t a man's s\l %\ld h ! p[] ( *ang+ 8 own body to any =m1 b t x %\ld keep x f any hurt4 ,yet ,*ri/ c\ld h assum$ ev5 ?is p[] if ,he _h wi%$4 ,b s9ce man has ?ree /ates--viz4 innoc5ce1 s91 & glory1 ev5 z f ! /ate ( glory ,he assum$ compreh5sion & f ! /ate ( innoc5ce1 fre$om f s9--s also f ! /ate ( s9 did ,he assume ! necessity ( be+ "u ! p5alties ( ?is life1 z w be said 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if ! imag9ation be /rong1 ! body obeys naturally 9 "s ?+s1 e4g4 z reg>ds fall+ f a beam set on high1 s9ce ! imag9ation 0 =m$ to be a pr9ciple ( local motion1 z is said ,de ,anima iii1 #i1 #aj4 ,s1 too1 z reg>ds alt]ation 9 heat & cold1 & _! consequ5ces2 = ! passions ( ! s\l1 :]e) ! he>t is mov$1 naturally foll[ ! imag9ation1 & ?us by commotion ( ! spirits ! :ole body is alt]$4 ,b ! o!r corporeal dispositions :i* h no natural relation to ! imag9ation are n transmut$ by ! imag9ation1 h[ev] /rong x is1 e4g4 ! %ape ( ! h&1 or foot1 or su* l4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ac1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,s\l ( ,*ri/ ,_h ,omnipot5ce ,z ,reg>ds ! ,execution ( ,8 ,w8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h n omnipot5ce z reg>ds ! execution ( ,8 own w4 ,= x is writt5 7,mk4 #g3bd7 t ent]+ into a h\se1 ,he w\ld t no man %\ld "k x1 & ,he c\ld n be hid4 ,!re=e ,he c\ld n c>ry out ! purpose ( ,8 w 9 all ?+s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a comm& is a sign ( w1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ai1 ,a4 #ab74 ,b our ,"l comm&$ c]ta9 ?+s to be done1 & ! contr>y came to pass1 = x is writt5 7,matt4 #i3cj1 #ca7 t ,jesus /rictly *>g$ !m ^: eyes _h be5 op5$1 say+3 ,see t no man "k ?is4 ,b !y go+ out spread ,8 fame abroad 9 all t c\ntry4 ,!re=e ,he c\ld n c>ry out ! purpose ( ,8 w 9 ev]y?+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a man does n ask f ano!r = :at he c d himself4 ,b our ,"l bes\ght ! ,fa!r1 pray+ = :at ,he wi%$ to be done1 = x is writt5 7,luke #f3ab73 ,he w5t out into a m\nta9 to pray1 & ,he pass$ ! :ole night 9 ! pray] ( ,god4 ,!re=e ,he c\ld n c>ry out ! purpose ( ,8 w 9 all ?+s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 ,nov4 et ,vet4 ,te/41 qu4 #gg73 ,x is impossible = ! w ( ! ,savi\r n to be fulfill$3 nor is x possible = ,him to w :at ,he kn[s ought n to come to pass4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s s\l will$ ?+s 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 :at 0 to be br\ght ab\t by ,himself2 & x mu/ be said t ,he 0 capable ( :atev] ,he will$ ?us1 s9ce x w\ld n befit ,8 wisdom if ,he will$ to d any?+ ( ,himself t 0 n subject to ,8 w4 ,secondly1 ,he wi%$ ?+s to be br\ght ab\t by ! ,div9e p[]1 z ! resurrection ( ,8 own body & su* l miracul\s de$s1 :i* ,he c\ld n effect by ,8 own p[]1 except z ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 ,nov4 et ,vet4 ,te/41 qu4 #gg73 ,:at came to pass1 ?is ,*ri/ mu/ be said to h will$4 ,= x mu/ be rem>k$ t ?is happ5$ 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,g5tiles1 to :om x 0 n yet "t to prea*4 ,yet x w\ld h be5 invidi\s n to welcome su* z came spontane\sly = ! fai?4 ,h5ce ,he did n wi% to be h]ald$ by ,8 own1 & yet ,he wi%$ to be s\ght2 & s x came to pass4 ,or x may be said t ?is w ( ,*ri/ 0 n ) reg>d to :at 0 to be c>ri$ out by x1 b ) reg>d to :at 0 to be done by o!rs1 :i* did n come "u ,8 human w4 ,h5ce 9 ! lett] ( ,pope ,aga?o1 :i* 0 approv$ 9 ! ,six? ,c\ncil 99,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,act4 iv1 we read3 ,:5 ,he1 ! ,creator & ,r$eem] ( all1 wi%$ to be hid & c\ld n1 mu/ n ?is be ref]r$ only to ,8 human w :i* ,he deign$ to assume 9 "t8 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,gregory says 7,moral4 xix71 by ! fact t ,our ,"l *>g$ ,8 mighty works to be kept secret1 ,he gave an example to ,8 s]vants com+ aft] ,him t !y %\ld wi% _! miracles to be hidd52 & yet1 t o!rs may pr(it by _! example1 !y are made public aga9/ _! w4 ,& ?us ?is comm& signifi$ ,8 w to fly f human glory1 accord+ to ,john #h3ej1 ,i seek n ,my own glory4 ,yet ,he wi%$ absolutely1 & especially by ,8 ,div9e w1 t ! miracle wr\ght %\ld be publi%$ = ! good ( o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ pray$ bo? = ?+s t 7 to be br\ght ab\t by ! ,div9e p[]1 & = :at ,he ,himself 0 to d by ,8 human w1 s9ce ! p[] & op]ation ( ,*ri/'s s\l dep5d$ on ,god1 ,:o works 9 all ,vulg43 'y'1 bo? to w & to accompli% 7,phil4 #b3ac74 ,,"q #ad ,,( ,,! ,,defects ,,( ,,body ,,assum$ ,,by ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,god 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! defects ,*ri/ assum$ 9 ! human nature2 & fir/1 ( ! defects ( body2 secondly1 ( ! defects ( s\l4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god %\ld h assum$ 9 human nature defects ( body8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he assum$ ! obligation ( be+ subject to ^! defects8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he contract$ ^! defects8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he assum$ all ^! defects8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ad1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god 9 ,human ,nature ,ought to ,h ,assum$ ,defects ( ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,son ( ,god ought n to h assum$ human nature ) defects ( body4 ,= z ,8 s\l is p]sonally unit$ to ! ,^w ( ,god1 s also is ,8 body4 ,b ! s\l ( ,*ri/ _h e p]fection1 bo? ( grace & tru?1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #i2 ,q4 #i1 seqq474 ,h5ce1 ,8 body also ought to h be5 9 e way p]fect1 n hav+ any imp]fection 9 x4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ saw ! ,^w ( ,god by ! vision :]e9 ! bless$ see1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #i1 ,a4 #b71 & ?us ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 bless$4 ,n[ by ! beatification ( ! s\l ! body is glorifi$2 s9ce1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,dios4 cxviii71 ,god made ! s\l ( a nature s /rong t f ! fulness ( its bless$ness !re p\rs ov] ev5 into ! l[] nature 7i4e4 ! body71 n inde$ ! bliss prop] to ! beatific fruition & vision1 b ! fulness ( heal? 7i4e4 ! vigor ( incorruptibility74 ,!re=e ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 incorruptible & )\t any defect4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 p5alty is ! consequ5ce ( fault4 ,b !re 0 no fault 9 ,*ri/1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #b3bb3 ,:o did no guile4 ,!re=e defects ( body1 :i* are p5alties1 ought n to h be5 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 no reasonable man assumes :at keeps him f 8 prop] end4 ,b by su* l bodily defects1 ! end ( ! ,inc>nation seems to be h9d]$ 9 _m ways4 ,fir/1 because by ^! infirmities m5 7 kept back f kn[+ ,him1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3b1 #c3 ,!re 0 no sightl9ess t we %\ld be desir\s ( ,him4 ,despis$ & ! mo/ abject ( m51 a man ( sorr[s & acqua9t$ ) infirmity1 & ,8 look 01 z x 71 hidd5 & despis$1 :]eupon we e/eem$ ,him n4 ,secondly1 because ! desire ( ! ,fa!rs w\ld n seem to be fulfill$1 9 ^: p]son x is writt5 7,isa4 #ea3i73 ,arise1 arise1 put on ,?y /r5g?1 ,o ,?\ ,arm ( ! ,"l4 ,?irdly1 because x w\ld seem m fitt+ = ! devil's p[] to be ov]come & man's weakness heal$1 by /r5g? ?an by weakness4 ,!re=e x does n seem to h be5 fitt+ t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature ) infirmities or defects ( body4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #b3ah73 ,= 9 t1 :]e9 ,he ,himself ha? suff]$ & be5 tempt$1 ,he is able to succor !m also t are tempt$4 ,n[ ,he came to succor u4 ,h5ce ,david said ( ,him 7,ps4 #abj3a73 ,i h lift$ up my eyes to ! m\nta9s1 f :5ce help %all come to me4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ = ! ,son ( ,god to assume fle% subject to human infirmities1 9 ord] to suff] & be tempt$ 9 x & s br+ succor to u4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ! body assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god to be subject to human infirmities & defects2 & especially = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 because x 0 9 ord] to satisfy = ! s9 ( ! human race t ! ,son ( ,god1 hav+ tak5 fle%1 came into ! _w4 ,n[ "o satisfies = ano!r's s9 by tak+ on himself ! puni%m5t due to ! s9 ( ! o!r4 ,b ^! bodily defects1 to wit1 dea?1 hung]1 ?ir/1 & ! l1 are ! puni%m5t ( s91 :i* 0 br\ght into ! _w by ,adam1 accord+ to ,rom4 #e3ab3 ,by "o man s9 ent]$ into ?is _w1 & by s9 dea?4 ,h5ce x 0 useful = ! end ( ! ,inc>nation t ,he %\ld assume ^! p5alties 9 our fle% & 9 our /ead1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3d1 ,surely ,he ha? borne our infirmities4 ,secondly1 9 ord] to cause belief 9 ! ,inc>nation4 ,= s9ce human nature is kn[n to m5 only z x is subject to ^! defects1 if ! ,son ( ,god _h assum$ human nature )\t ^! defects1 ,he w\ld n h seem$ to be true man1 nor to h true1 b imag9>y1 fle%1 z ! ,mani*eans held4 ,& s1 z is said1 ,phil4 #b3g3 ,he 4 4 4 empti$ ,himself1 tak+ ! =m ( a s]vant1 be+ made 9 ! lik5ess ( m51 & 9 habit f\nd z a man4 ,h5ce1 ,?omas1 by ! sight ( ,8 w\nds1 0 recall$ to ! fai?1 z relat$ ,john #bj3bf4 ,?irdly1 9 ord] to %[ u an example ( pati5ce by valiantly be>+ up aga9/ human passibility & defects4 ,h5ce x is said 7,heb4 #ab3c7 t ,he endur$ su* opposition f s9n]s aga9/ ,himself1 t y be n we>i$1 fa9t+ 9 y\r m9ds4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! p5alties "o suff]s = ano!r's s9 are ! matt]1 z x 71 ( ! satisfaction = t s92 b ! pr9ciple is ! habit ( s\l1 :]eby "o is incl9$ to wi% to satisfy = ano!r1 & f :i* ! satisfaction has its efficacy1 = satisfaction w\ld n be efficaci\s unless x proce$$ f *>ity1 z w be expla9$ 7,supp41 ,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #b74 ,h5ce1 x behoov$ ! s\l ( ,*ri/ to be p]fect z reg>ds ! habit ( k & virtue1 9 ord] to h ! p[] ( satisfy+2 b ,8 body 0 subject to infirmities1 t ! matt] ( satisfaction %\ld n be want+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,f ! natural relation%ip :i* is betwe5 ! s\l & ! body1 glory fl[s into ! body f ! s\l's glory4 ,yet ?is natural relation%ip 9 ,*ri/ 0 subject to ! w ( ,8 ,godhead1 & !reby x came to pass t ! beatitude rema9$ 9 ! s\l1 & did n fl[ into ! body2 b ! fle% suff]$ :at belongs to a passible nature2 ?us ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ae7 t1 x 0 by ! cons5t ( ! ,div9e w t ! fle% 0 all[$ to suff] & d :at belong$ to x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,puni%m5t always foll[s s9 actual or orig9al1 sometimes ( ! "o puni%$1 sometimes ( ! "o = :om he :o suff]s ! puni%m5t satisfies4 ,& s x 0 ) ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3e3 ,he 0 w\nd$ = our iniquities1 ,he 0 bruis$ = our s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! infirmity assum$ by ,*ri/ did n imp$e1 b greatly fur!r$ ! end ( ! ,inc>nation1 z above /at$4 ,& al?\gh ^! infirmities conceal$ ,8 ,godhead1 !y made kn[n ,8 ,manhood1 :i* is ! way ( com+ to ! ,godhead1 accord+ to ,rom4 #e3a1 #b3 ,by ,jesus ,*ri/ we h access to ,god4 ,moreov]1 ! anci5t ,fa!rs did n desire bodily /r5g? 9 ,*ri/1 b spiritual /r5g?1 :]e) ,he vanqui%$ ! devil & heal$ human weakness4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ad1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ( ,necessity ,subject to ,^! ,defects8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n ( necessity subject to ^! defects4 ,= x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3g73 ,he 0 (f]$ because x 0 ,8 own w2 & ! prophet is speak+ ( ! (f]+ ( ! ,passion4 ,b w is oppos$ to necessity4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n ( necessity subject to bodily defects4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bj73 ,no?+ obligatory is se5 9 ,*ri/3 all is volunt>y4 ,n[ :at is volunt>y is n necess>y4 ,!re=e ^! defects 7 n ( necessity 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 necessity is induc$ by some?+ m p[]ful4 ,b no creature is m p[]ful ?an ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 to :i* x p]ta9$ to pres]ve its own body4 ,!re=e ^! defects 7 n ( necessity 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #h3c7 t ,god s5t ,8 own ,son 9 ! lik5ess ( s9ful fle%4 ,n[ x is a condition ( s9ful fle% to be "u ! necessity ( dy+1 & suff]+ o!r l passions4 ,!re=e ! necessity ( suff]+ ^! defects 0 9 ,*ri/'s fle%4 ,i answ] t1 ,necessity is tw(old4 ,"o is a necessity ( con/ra9t1 br\ght ab\t by an ext]nal ag5t2 & ?is necessity is contr>y to bo? nature & w1 s9ce ^! fl[ f an int]nal pr9ciple4 ,! o!r is natural necessity1 result+ f ! natural pr9ciples--ei!r ! =m 7z x is necess>y = fire to heat71 or ! matt] 7z x is necess>y = a body compos$ ( contr>ies to be dissolv$74 ,h5ce1 ) ?is necessity1 :i* results f ! matt]1 ,*ri/'s body 0 subject to ! necessity ( dea? & o!r l defects1 s9ce1 z 0 said 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 x 0 by ! cons5t ( ! ,div9e w t ! fle% 0 all[$ to d & suff] :at belong$ to x4 ,& ?is necessity results f ! pr9ciples ( human nature1 z 0 said above 9 ?is article4 ,b if we speak ( necessity ( con/ra9t1 z repugnant to ! bodily nature1 ?us aga9 0 ,*ri/'s body 9 its own natural condition subject to necessity 9 reg>d to ! nail t pi]c$ & ! sc\rge t /ruck4 ,yet inasmu* z su* necessity is repugnant to ! w1 x is cle> t 9 ,*ri/ ^! defects 7 n ( necessity z reg>ds ei!r ! ,div9e w1 or ! human w ( ,*ri/ consid]$ absolutely1 z foll[+ ! delib]ation ( reason2 b only z reg>ds ! natural movem5t ( ! w1 inasmu* z x naturally %r9ks f dea? & bodily hurt4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ is said to be (f]$ because x 0 ,8 own w1 i4e4 ,div9e w & delib]ate human w2 al?\gh dea? 0 contr>y to ! natural movem5t ( ,8 human w1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bc1 #bd74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is is pla9 f :at has be5 said4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,no?+ 0 m p[]ful ?an ,*ri/'s s\l1 absolutely2 yet !re 0 no?+ to h9d] a ?+ be+ m p[]ful 9 reg>d to ?is or t effect1 z a nail = pi]c+4 ,& ?is ,i say1 9 s f> z ,*ri/'s s\l is consid]$ 9 its own prop] nature & p[]4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ad1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,contract$ ,^! ,defects8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ contract$ bodily defects4 ,= we are said to contract :at we d]ive ) our nature f bir?4 ,b ,*ri/1 toge!r ) human nature1 d]iv$ ,8 bodily defects & infirmities ?r\gh ,8 bir? f ,8 "m1 ^: fle% 0 subject to ^! defects4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he contract$ ^! defects4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is caus$ by ! pr9ciples ( nature is d]iv$ toge!r ) nature1 & h5ce is contract$4 ,n[ ^! p5alties are caus$ by ! pr9ciples ( human nature4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ contract$ !m4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is lik5$ to o!r m5 9 ^! defects1 z is writt5 ,heb4 #b3ag4 ,b o!r m5 contract ^! defects4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ contract$ ^! defects4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,^! defects are contract$ ?r\gh s91 accord+ to ,rom4 #e3ab3 ,by "o man s9 ent]$ into ?is _w & by s91 dea?4 ,n[ s9 _h no place 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n contract ^! defects4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! v]b to contract is und]/ood ! relation ( effect to cause1 i4e4 t is said to be contract$ :i* is d]iv$ ( necessity toge!r ) its cause4 ,n[ ! cause ( dea? & su* l defects 9 human nature is s91 s9ce by s9 dea? ent]$ into ?is _w1 accord+ to ,rom4 #e3ab4 ,& h5ce !y :o incur ^! defects1 z due to s91 are prop]ly said to contract !m4 ,n[ ,*ri/ _h n ^! defects1 z due to s91 s9ce1 z ,augu/9e 99,alcu9 9 ! ,gloss1 ,ord41 exp\nd+ ,john #c3ca1 ,he t come? f above1 is above all1 says3 ,*ri/ came f above1 i4e4 f ! height ( human nature1 :i* x _h be=e ! fall ( ! fir/ man4 ,= ,he receiv$ human nature )\t s91 9 ! purity :i* x _h 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce4 ,9 ! same way ,he might h assum$ human nature )\t defects4 ,?us x is cle> t ,*ri/ did n contract ^! defects z if tak+ !m ^u ,himself z due to s91 b by ,8 own w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! fle% ( ! ,virg9 0 conceiv$ 9 orig9al s91 99,see introductory note to ,q4 #bg & !re=e contract$ ^! defects4 ,b f ! ,virg91 ,*ri/'s fle% assum$ ! nature )\t s91 & ,he might likewise h assum$ ! nature )\t its p5alties4 ,b ,he wi%$ to be> its p5alties 9 ord] to c>ry out ! "w ( our r$emption1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,!re=e ,he _h ^! defects--n t ,he contract$ !m1 b t ,he assum$ !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! cause ( dea? & o!r corporeal defects ( human nature is tw(old3 ! fir/ is remote1 & results f ! mat]ial pr9ciples ( ! human body1 inasmu* z x is made up ( contr>ies4 ,b ?is cause 0 held 9 *eck by orig9al ju/ice4 ,h5ce ! proximate cause ( dea? & o!r defects is s91 :]eby orig9al ju/ice is )drawn4 ,& ?us1 because ,*ri/ 0 )\t s91 ,he is said n to h contract$ ^! defects1 b to h assum$ !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ 0 made l to o!r m5 9 ! quality & n 9 ! cause ( ^! defects2 & h5ce1 unlike o!rs1 ,he did n contract !m4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ad1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,ought to ,h ,assum$ ,all ! ,bodily ,defects ( ,m58 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ ought to h assum$ all ! bodily defects ( m54 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f1 #ah73 ,:at is unassumable is incurable4 ,b ,*ri/ came to cure all our defects4 ,!re=e ,he ought to h assum$ all our defects4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r x 0 said 7,a4 #a71 t 9 ord] to satisfy = u1 ,*ri/ ought to h _h p]fective habits ( s\l & defects ( body4 ,n[ z reg>ds ! s\l1 ,he assum$ ! fulness ( all grace4 ,!re=e z reg>ds ! body1 ,he ought to h assum$ all defects4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 among/ all bodily defects dea? holds ! *ief place4 ,n[ ,*ri/ assum$ dea?4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 ought ,he to h assum$ o!r defects4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,contr>ies _c take place simultane\sly 9 ! same4 ,n[ "s infirmities are contr>y to ea* o!r1 be+ caus$ by contr>y pr9ciples4 ,h5ce x c\ld n be t ,*ri/ assum$ all human infirmities4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b71 ,*ri/ assum$ human defects 9 ord] to satisfy = ! s9 ( human nature1 & = ?is x 0 necess>y = ,him to h ! fulness ( k & grace 9 ,8 s\l4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ ought to h assum$ ^? defects :i* fl[ f ! common s9 ( ! :ole nature1 yet are n incompatible ) ! p]fection ( k & grace4 ,& ?us x 0 n fitt+ = ,him to assume all human defects or infirmities4 ,= !re are "s defects t are incompatible ) ! p]fection ( k & grace1 z ignorance1 a pron5ess t[>ds evil1 & a difficulty 9 well-do+4 ,"s o!r defects d n fl[ f ! :ole ( human nature 9 common on acc\nt ( ! s9 ( our fir/ p>5t1 b are caus$ 9 "s m5 by c]ta9 p>ticul> causes1 z leprosy1 epilepsy1 & ! l2 & ^! defects are sometimes br\ght ab\t by ! fault ( ! man1 e4g4 f inord9ate eat+2 sometimes by a defect 9 ! =mative p[]4 ,n[ nei!r ( ^! p]ta9s to ,*ri/1 s9ce ,8 fle% 0 conceiv$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o has inf9ite wisdom & p[]1 & _c err or fail2 & ,he ,himself did no?+ wrong 9 ! ord] ( ,8 life4 ,b !re are "s ?ird defects1 to be f\nd among/ all m5 9 common1 by reason ( ! s9 ( our fir/ p>5t1 z dea?1 hung]1 ?ir/1 & ! l2 & all ^! defects ,*ri/ assum$1 :i* ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 i1 #aa2 iii1 #bj7 calls natural & indetractible passions --natural1 z foll[+ all human nature 9 common2 indetractible1 z imply+ no defect ( k or grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,all p>ticul> defects ( m5 are caus$ by ! corruptibility & passibility ( ! body1 "s p>ticul> causes be+ add$2 & h5ce1 s9ce ,*ri/ heal$ ! passibility & corruptibility ( our body by assum+ x1 ,he consequ5tly heal$ all o!r defects4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! fulness ( all grace & k 0 due to ,*ri/'s s\l ( itself1 f ! fact ( its be+ assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god2 & h5ce ,*ri/ assum$ all ! fulness ( k & wisdom absolutely4 ,b ,he assum$ our defects economically1 9 ord] to satisfy = our s91 & n t !y belong$ to ,him ( ,himself4 ,h5ce x 0 n necess>y = ,him to assume !m all1 b only su* z suffic$ to satisfy = ! s9 ( ! :ole nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,dea? comes to all m5 f ! s9 ( our fir/ p>5t2 b n o!r defects1 al?\gh !y are less ?an dea?4 ,h5ce !re is no p>ity4 ,,"q #ae ,,( ,,! ,,defects ,,( ,,s\l ,,assum$ ,,by ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,t5 ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! defects p]ta9+ to ! s\l2 & "u ?is head !re are t5 po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r !re 0 s9 9 ,*ri/8 7#b7 ,:e!r !re 0 ! fomes ( s9 9 ,him8 7#c7 ,:e!r !re 0 ignorance8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,8 s\l 0 passible8 7#e7 ,:e!r 9 ,him !re 0 s5sible pa98 7#f7 ,:e!r !re 0 sorr[8 7#g7 ,:e!r !re 0 fe>8 7#h7 ,:e!r !re 0 wond]8 7#i7 ,:e!r !re 0 ang]8 7#aj7 ,:e!r ,he 0 at once wayf>] & compreh5sor8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,s9 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 s9 9 ,*ri/4 ,= x is writt5 7,ps4 #ba3b73 ,o ,god1 ,my ,god 4 4 4 :y ha/ ,?\ =sak5 ,me8 ,f> f ,my salvation are ! words ( ,my s9s4 ,n[ ^! words are said 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 z appe>s f ,8 hav+ utt]$ !m on ! cross4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 s9s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ab7 t 9 ,adam all h s9n$--namely1 because all 7 9 ,adam by orig94 ,n[ ,*ri/ also 0 9 ,adam by orig94 ,!re=e ,he s9n$ 9 him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #b3ah7 t 9 t1 :]e9 ,he ,himself ha? suff]$ & be5 tempt$1 ,he is able to succor !m also t are tempt$4 ,n[ above all d we require ,8 help aga9/ s94 ,!re=e x seems t !re 0 s9 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#b ,cor4 #e3ba7 t ,him t knew no s9 7i4e4 ,*ri/71 = u ,god ha? made s94 ,b t really is1 :i* has be5 made by ,god4 ,!re=e !re 0 really s9 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,agone ,*ri/4 xi71 9 ! man ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god gave ,himself to u z a patt]n ( liv+4 ,n[ man ne$s a patt]n n m]ely ( "r liv+1 b also ( rep5tance = s94 ,!re=e x seems t 9 ,*ri/ !re ought to h be5 s91 t ,he might rep5t ( ,8 s91 & ?us af=d u a patt]n ( rep5tance4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,he ,himself says 7,john #h3df73 ,:i* ( y %all conv9ce ,me ( s98 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #a71 ,*ri/ assum$ our defects t ,he might satisfy = u1 t ,he might prove ! tru? ( ,8 human nature1 & t ,he might become an example ( virtue to u4 ,n[ x is pla9 t by reason ( ^! ?ree ?+s ,he ought n to h assum$ ! defect ( s94 ,fir/1 because s9 n[ise works our satisfaction2 r1 x imp$es ! p[] ( satisfy+1 s9ce1 z x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #cd3bc71 ,! ,mo/ ,high approve? n ! gifts ( ! wick$4 ,secondly1 ! tru? ( ,8 human nature is n prov$ by s91 s9ce s9 does n belong to human nature1 :]e( ,god is ! cause2 b r has be5 s[n 9 x aga9/ its nature by ! devil1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bj74 ,?irdly1 because by s9n+ ,he c\ld af=d no example ( virtue1 s9ce s9 is oppos$ to virtue4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ n[ise assum$ ! defect ( s9--ei!r orig9al or actual--accord+ to :at is writt5 7#a ,pet4 #b3bb73 ,:o did no s91 nei!r 0 guile f\nd 9 ,8 m\?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #be71 ?+s are said ( ,*ri/1 fir/1 ) ref]5ce to ,8 natural & hypo/atic prop]ty1 z :5 x is said t ,god became man1 & t ,he suff]$ = u2 secondly1 ) ref]5ce to ,8 p]sonal & relative prop]ty1 :5 ?+s are said ( ,him 9 our p]son :i* n[ise belong to ,him ( ,himself4 ,h5ce1 9 ! sev5 rules ( ,ti*onius :i* ,augu/9e quotes 9 ,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 iii1 #ca1 ! fir/ reg>ds ,our ,"l & ,8 ,body1 s9ce ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur* are tak5 z "o p]son4 ,& ?us ,*ri/1 speak+ 9 ! p]son ( ,8 memb]s1 says 7,ps4 #ba3b73 ,! words ( ,my s9s--n t !re 7 any s9s 9 ! ,head4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 x1 #bj71 ,*ri/ 0 9 ,adam & ! o!r fa!rs n altoge!r z we 74 ,= we 7 9 ,adam z reg>ds bo? sem9al virtue & bodily sub/ance1 s9ce1 z he goes on to say3 ,z 9 ! se$ !re is a visible bulk & an invisible virtue1 bo? h come f ,adam4 ,n[ ,*ri/ took ! visible sub/ance ( ,8 fle% f ! ,virg9's fle%2 b ! virtue ( ,8 conception did n spr+ f ! se$ ( man1 b f> o!rwise--f on high4 ,h5ce ,he 0 n 9 ,adam accord+ to sem9al virtue1 b only accord+ to bodily sub/ance4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/ did n receive human nature f ,adam actively1 b only mat]ially--& f ! ,holy ,gho/ actively2 ev5 z ,adam receiv$ 8 body mat]ially f ! slime ( ! e>?--actively f ,god4 ,& ?us ,*ri/ did n s9 9 ,adam1 9 :om ,he 0 only z reg>ds ,8 matt]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ,8 temptation & passion ,*ri/ has succor$ u by satisfy+ = u4 ,n[ s9 does n fur!r satisfaction1 b h9d]s x1 z has be5 said4 ,h5ce1 x behoov$ ,him n to h s91 b to be :olly free f s92 o!rwise ! puni%m5t ,he bore w\ld h be5 due to ,him = ,8 own s94 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,god made ,*ri/ s9--n1 inde$1 9 su* sort t ,he _h s91 b t ,he made ,him a sacrifice = s93 ev5 z x is writt5 7,osee #d3h73 ,!y %all eat ! s9s ( ,my p--!y1 i4e4 ! prie/s1 :o by ! law ate ! sacrifices (f]$ = s94 ,& 9 t way x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3f7 t ! ,"l ha? laid on ,him ! iniquity ( u all 7i4e4 ,he gave ,him up to be a victim = ! s9s ( all m572 or ,he made ,him s9 7i4e4 made ,him to h ! lik5ess ( s9ful fle%71 z is writt5 7,rom4 #h3c71 & ?is on acc\nt ( ! passible & mortal body ,he assum$4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,a p5it5t c give a praisewor?y example1 n by hav+ s9n$1 b by freely be>+ ! puni%m5t ( s94 ,& h5ce ,*ri/ set ! highe/ example to p5it5ts1 s9ce ,he will+ly bore ! puni%m5t1 n ( ,8 own s91 b ( ! s9s ( o!rs4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ! ,fomes ( ,s9 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! fomes ( s94 ,= ! fomes ( s91 & ! passibility & mortality ( ! body spr+ f ! same pr9ciple1 to wit1 f ! )drawal ( orig9al ju/ice1 :]eby ! inf]ior p[]s ( ! s\l 7 subject to ! reason1 & ! body to ! s\l4 ,n[ passibility & mortality ( body 7 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e !re 0 also ! fomes ( s94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ai71 x 0 by cons5t ( ! ,div9e w t ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 all[$ to suff] & d :at belong$ to x4 ,b x is prop] to ! fle% to lu/ aft] its pleasures4 ,n[ s9ce ! fomes ( s9 is no?+ m ?an concupisc5ce1 z ! gloss says on ,rom4 #g3h1 x seems t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! fomes ( s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is by reason ( ! fomes ( s9 t ! fle% lu/e? aga9/ ! _s1 z is writt5 7,gal4 #e3ag74 ,b ! _s is %[n to be s mu* ! /rong] & wor?i] to be cr[n$ accord+ z ! m completely x ov]comes its enemy--to wit1 ! concupisc5ce ( ! fle%1 accord+ to #b ,tim4 #b3e1 he is n cr[n$ except he /rive lawfully4 ,n[ ,*ri/ _h a mo/ valiant & conqu]+ _s1 & "o mo/ wor?y ( a cr[n1 accord+ to ,apoc4 #f3b3 ,!re 0 a cr[n giv5 ,him1 & ,he w5t =? conqu]+ t ,he might conqu]4 ,!re=e x w\ld especially seem t ! fomes ( s9 ought to h be5 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #a3bj73 ,t :i* is conceiv$ 9 h] is ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,n[ ! ,holy ,gho/ drives out s9 & ! incl9ation to s91 :i* is impli$ 9 ! ^w fomes4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re ought n to h be5 ! fomes ( s94 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #g1 ,,aa4 #b1 #i71 ,*ri/ _h grace & all ! virtues mo/ p]fectly4 ,n[ moral virtues1 :i* are 9 ! irrational "p ( ! s\l1 make x subject to reason1 & s mu* ! m z ! virtue is m p]fect2 ?us1 temp]ance controls ! concupiscible appetite1 =titude & meekness ! irascible appetite1 z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ef1 ,a4 #d74 ,b !re belongs to ! v nature ( ! fomes ( s9 an incl9ation ( ! s5sual appetite to :at is contr>y to reason4 ,& h5ce x is pla9 t ! m p]fect ! virtues are 9 any man1 ! weak] ! fomes ( s9 becomes 9 him4 ,h5ce1 s9ce 9 ,*ri/ ! virtues 7 9 _! highe/ degree1 ! fomes ( s9 0 n[ise 9 ,him2 inasmu*1 also1 z ?is defect _c be orda9$ to satisfaction1 b r incl9$ to :at is contr>y to satisfaction4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! inf]ior p[]s p]ta9+ to ! s5sitive appetite h a natural capacity to be ob$i5t to reason2 b n ! bodily p[]s1 nor ^? ( ! bodily humors1 nor ^? ( ! vegetative s\l1 z is made pla9 ,e?ic4 i1 #ac4 ,& h5ce p]fection ( virtue1 :i* is 9 accordance ) "r reason1 does n exclude passibility ( body2 yet x excludes ! fomes ( s91 ! nature ( :i* consi/s 9 ! resi/ance ( ! s5sitive appetite to reason4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! fle% naturally seeks :at is pleas+ to x by ! concupisc5ce ( ! s5sitive appetite2 b ! fle% ( man1 :o is a rational animal1 seeks ?is aft] ! mann] & ord] ( reason4 ,& ?us ) ! concupisc5ce ( ! s5sitive appetite ,*ri/'s fle% naturally s\ght food1 dr9k1 & sleep1 & all else t is s\ght 9 "r reason1 z is pla9 f ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ad74 ,yet x does n !re=e foll[ t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ! fomes ( s91 = ?is implies ! lu/ aft] pleasurable ?+s aga9/ ! ord] ( reason4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! _s gives evid5ce ( =titude to "s ext5t by resi/+ t concupisc5ce ( ! fle% :i* is oppos$ to x2 yet a great] =titude ( _s is %[n1 if by its /r5g? ! fle% is ?or\ghly ov]come1 s z to be incapable ( lu/+ aga9/ ! _s4 ,& h5ce ?is belong$ to ,*ri/1 ^: _s rea*$ ! highe/ degree ( =titude4 ,& al?\gh ,he suff]$ no int]nal assault on ! "p ( ! fomes ( s91 ,he su/a9$ an ext]nal assault on ! "p ( ! _w & ! devil1 & won ! cr[n ( victory by ov]com+ !m4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,0 ,ignorance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 ignorance 9 ,*ri/4 ,= t is truly 9 ,*ri/ :i* belongs to ,him 9 ,8 human nature1 al?\gh x does n belong to ,him 9 ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 z suff]+ & dea?4 ,b ignorance belongs to ,*ri/ 9 ,8 human nature2 = ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ba7 t ,he assum$ an ignorant & enslav$ nature4 ,!re=e ignorance 0 truly 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 "o is said to be ignorant ?r\gh defect ( k4 ,n[ "s k9d ( k 0 want+ to ,*ri/1 = ! ,apo/le says 7#b ,cor4 #e3ba7 ,him t knew no s91 = u ,he ha? made s94 ,!re=e !re 0 ignorance 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,isa4 #h3d73 ,= be=e ! *ild "k to call 8 ,fa!r & 8 "m1 ! /r5g? ( ,damascus 4 4 4 %all be tak5 away4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 ignorance ( c]ta9 ?+s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ignorance is n tak5 away by ignorance4 ,b ,*ri/ came to take away our ignorance2 = ,he came to enlight5 !m t sit 9 d>kness & 9 ! %ad[ ( dea? 7,luke #a3gi74 ,!re=e !re 0 no ignorance 9 ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z !re 0 ! fulness ( grace & virtue 9 ,*ri/1 s too !re 0 ! fulness ( all k1 z is pla9 f :at has be5 said above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #i2 ,q4 #i74 ,n[ z ! fulness ( grace & virtue 9 ,*ri/ exclud$ ! fomes ( s91 s ! fulness ( k exclud$ ignorance1 :i* is oppos$ to k4 ,h5ce1 ev5 z ! fomes ( s9 0 n 9 ,*ri/1 nei!r 0 !re ignorance 9 ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! nature assum$ by ,*ri/ may be view$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 9 its specific nature1 & ?us ,damasc5e calls x ignorant & enslav$2 h5ce he adds3 ,= man's nature is a slave ( ,him 7i4e4 ,god7 ,:o made x2 & x has no k ( future ?+s4 ,secondly1 x may be consid]$ ) reg>d to :at x has f its union ) ! ,div9e hypo/asis1 f :i* x has ! fulness ( k & grace1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,we saw ,him ,vulg43 ',8 glory' z x 7 ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & tru?2 & 9 ?is way ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ 0 n affect$ ) ignorance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ is said n to h kn[n s91 because ,he did n "k x by exp]i5ce2 b ,he knew x by simple cognition4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! prophet is speak+ 9 ?is passage ( ! human k ( ,*ri/2 ?us he says3 ,be=e ! ,*ild 7i4e4 9 ,8 human nature7 "k to call ,8 fa!r 7i4e4 ,joseph1 :o 0 ,8 reput$ fa!r71 & ,8 "m 7i4e4 ,m>y71 ! /r5g? ( ,damascus 4 4 4 %all be tak5 away4 ,nor are we to und]/& ?is z if ,he _h be5 "s "t a man )\t kn[+ x2 b be=e ,he "k 7i4e4 be=e ,he is a man hav+ human k7--lit]ally1 ! /r5g? ( ,damascus & ! spoils ( ,sam>ia %all be tak5 away by ! ,k+ ( ! ,assyrians--or spiritually1 be=e ,8 bir? ,he w save ,8 p solely by invocation1 z a gloss exp\nds x4 ,augu/9e h[ev] 7,s]m4 xxxii de ,temp47 says t ?is 0 fulfill$ 9 ! adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,= he says3 ,be=e ,he utt]$ human words 9 human fle%1 ,he receiv$ ! /r5g? ( ,damascus1 i4e4 ! ri*es :i* ,damascus vaunt$ 7= 9 ri*es ! fir/ place is giv5 to gold74 ,!y !mselves 7 ! spoils ( ,sam>ia4 ,because ,sam>ia is tak5 to signify idolatry2 s9ce ?is p1 hav+ turn$ away f ! ,"l1 turn$ to ! wor%ip ( idols4 ,h5ce ^! 7 ! fir/ spoils :i* ! *ild took f ! dom9ation ( idolatry4 ,& 9 ?is way be=e ! *ild "k may be tak5 to mean be=e he %[ himself to "k4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,s\l ,0 ,passible8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 n passible4 ,= no?+ suff]s except by reason ( some?+ /rong]2 s9ce ! ag5t is great] ?an ! pati5t1 z is cle> f ,augu/9e 7,g54 ad lit4 xii1 #af71 & f ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,anima iii1 #e74 ,n[ no creature 0 /rong] ?an ,*ri/'s s\l4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s s\l c\ld n suff] at ! h&s ( any creature2 & h5ce x 0 n passible2 = its capability ( suff]+ w\ld h be5 to no purpose if x c\ld n h suff]$ at ! h&s ( any?+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,tully 7,de ,tusc4 ,quaes4 iii7 says t ! s\l's passions are ailm5ts 99,cf4 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #b4 ,b ,*ri/'s s\l _h no ailm5t2 = ! s\l's ailm5t results f s91 z is pla9 f ,ps4 #dj3e3 ,heal my s\l1 = ,i h s9n$ aga9/ ,!e4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/'s s\l !re 7 no passions4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l's passions w\ld seem to be ! same z ! fomes ( s91 h5ce ! ,apo/le 7,rom4 #g3e7 calls !m ! passions ( s9s4 ,n[ ! fomes ( s9 0 n 9 ,*ri/1 z 0 said 7,a4 #b74 ,!re=e x seems t !re 7 no passions 9 ,8 s\l2 & h5ce ,8 s\l 0 n passible4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ps4 #hg3d7 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/3 ,my s\l is fill$ ) evils--n s9s1 inde$1 b human evils1 i4e4 pa9s1 z a gloss exp\nds x4 ,h5ce ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 passible4 ,i answ] t1 ,a s\l plac$ 9 a body may suff] 9 two ways3 fir/ ) a bodily passion2 secondly1 ) an animal passion4 ,x suff]s ) a bodily passion ?r\gh bodily hurt2 = s9ce ! s\l is ! =m ( ! body1 s\l & body h b "o be+2 & h5ce1 :5 ! body is di/urb$ by any bodily passion1 ! s\l1 too1 mu/ be di/urb$1 i4e4 9 ! be+ :i* x has 9 ! body4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,*ri/'s body 0 passible & mortal1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #b71 ,8 s\l also 0 ( necessity passible 9 l mann]4 ,b ! s\l suff]s ) an animal passion1 9 its op]ations--ei!r 9 su* z are prop] to ! s\l1 or 9 su* z are ( ! s\l m ?an ( ! body4 ,& al?\gh ! s\l is said to suff] 9 ?is way ?r\gh s5sation & intellig5ce1 z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #bb1 ,a4 #c2 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #da1 ,a4 #a72 nev]!less ! affections ( ! s5sitive appetite are mo/ prop]ly call$ passions ( ! s\l4 ,n[ ^! 7 9 ,*ri/1 ev5 z all else p]ta9+ to man's nature4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiv1 #i73 ,our ,"l hav+ deign$ to live 9 ! =m ( a s]vant1 took ^! ^u ,himself :5ev] ,he judg$ !y ought to be assum$2 = !re 0 no false human affection 9 ,him ,:o _h a true body & a true human s\l4 ,nev]!less we mu/ "k t ! passions 7 9 ,*ri/ o!rwise ?an 9 u1 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 z reg>ds ! object1 s9ce 9 u ^! passions v (t5 t5d t[>ds :at is unlawful1 b n s 9 ,*ri/4 ,secondly1 z reg>ds ! pr9ciple1 s9ce ^! passions 9 u frequ5tly =e/all ! judgm5t ( reason2 b 9 ,*ri/ all movem5ts ( ! s5sitive appetite sprang f ! disposition ( ! reason4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiv1 #i71 t ,*ri/ assum$ ^! movem5ts1 9 ,8 human s\l1 by an unfail+ disp5sation1 :5 ,he will$2 ev5 z ,he became man :5 ,he will$4 ,?irdly1 z reg>ds ! effect1 because 9 u ^! movem5ts1 at times1 d n rema9 9 ! s5sitive appetite1 b deflect ! reason2 b n s 9 ,*ri/1 s9ce by ,8 disposition ! movem5ts t are naturally becom+ to human fle% s rema9$ 9 ! s5sitive appetite t ! reason 0 n[ise h9d]$ 9 do+ :at 0 "r4 ,h5ce ,j]ome says 7on ,matt4 #bf3cg7 t ,our ,"l1 9 ord] to prove ! reality ( ! assum$ manhood1 '0 sorr[ful' 9 v de$2 yet le/ a passion %\ld hold sway ov] ,8 s\l1 x is by a propassion t ,he is said to h 'begun to gr[ sorr[ful & to be sad'2 s t x is a p]fect passion :5 x dom9ates ! s\l1 i4e4 ! reason2 & a propassion :5 x has its beg9n+ 9 ! s5sitive appetite1 b goes no fur!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! s\l ( ,*ri/ c\ld h prev5t$ ^! passions f com+ ^u x1 & especially by ! ,div9e p[]2 yet ( ,8 own w ,he subject$ ,himself to ^! corporeal & animal passions4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,tully is speak+ !re accord+ to ! op9ions ( ! ,/oics1 :o did n give ! "n ( passions to all1 b only to ! disord]ly movem5ts ( ! s5sitive appetite4 ,n[1 x is manife/ t passions l ^! 7 n 9 ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! passions ( s9s are movem5ts ( ! s5sitive appetite t t5d to unlawful ?+s2 & ^! 7 n 9 ,*ri/1 z nei!r 0 ! fomes ( s94 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,s5sible ,pa9 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 no true s5sible pa9 9 ,*ri/4 ,= ,hil>y says 7,de ,tr94 x73 ,s9ce ) ,*ri/ to die 0 life1 :at pa9 may ,he be suppos$ to h suff]$ 9 ! my/]y ( ,8 dea?1 ,:o be/[s life on su* z die = ,him8 ,& fur!r on he says3 ,! ,only-begott5 assum$ human nature1 n ceas+ to be ,god2 & al?\gh bl[s /ruck ,him & w\nds 7 inflict$ on ,him1 & sc\rges fell ^u ,him1 & ! cross lift$ ,him up1 yet ^! wr\ght 9 de$ ! vehem5ce ( ! passion1 b br\ght no pa92 z a d>t pi]c+ ! wat]4 ,h5ce !re 0 no true pa9 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x w\ld seem to be prop] to fle% conceiv$ 9 orig9al s91 to be subject to ! necessity ( pa94 ,b ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 n conceiv$ 9 s91 b ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! ,virg9's womb4 ,!re=e x lay "u no necessity ( suff]+ pa94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! delight ( ! contemplation ( ,div9e ?+s dulls ! s5se ( pa92 h5ce ! m>tyrs 9 _! passions bore up m bravely by ?9k+ ( ! ,div9e love4 ,b ,*ri/'s s\l 0 9 ! p]fect enjoym5t ( contemplat+ ,god1 ,:om ,he saw 9 ess5ce1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #i1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e ,he c\ld feel no pa94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3d73 ,surely ,he ha? borne our infirmities & c>ri$ our sorr[s4 ,i answ] t1 ,z is pla9 f :at has be5 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,a4 #g71 = true bodily pa9 are requir$ bodily hurt & ! s5se ( hurt4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s body 0 able to be hurt1 s9ce x 0 passible & mortal1 z above /at$ 7,q4 #ad1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b72 nei!r 0 ! s5se ( hurt want+ to x1 s9ce ,*ri/'s s\l possess$ p]fectly all natural p[]s4 ,!re=e no "o %\ld d\bt b t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 true pa94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 all ^! & simil> words1 ,hil>y does n int5d to exclude ! reality ( ! pa91 b ! necessity ( x4 ,h5ce aft] ! =ego+ he adds3 ,nor1 :5 ,he ?ir/$1 or hung]$1 or wept1 0 ! ,"l se5 to dr9k1 or eat1 or grieve4 ,b 9 ord] to prove ! reality ( ! body1 ! body's cu/oms 7 assum$1 s t ! cu/om ( our body 0 aton$ = by ! cu/om ( our nature4 ,or :5 ,he took dr9k or food1 ,he acc$$1 n to ! body's necessity1 b to its cu/om4 ,& he uses ! ^w necessity 9 ref]5ce to ! fir/ cause ( ^! defects1 :i* is s91 z above /at$ 7,q4 #ad1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c71 s t ,*ri/'s fle% is said n to h la9 "u ! necessity ( ^! defects1 9 ! s5se t !re 0 no s9 9 x4 ,h5ce he adds3 ,= ,he 7i4e4 ,*ri/7 _h a body--"o prop] to ,8 orig91 :i* did n exi/ ?r\gh ! unhol9ess ( our conception1 b subsi/$ 9 ! =m ( our body by ! /r5g? ( ,8 p[]4 ,b z reg>ds ! proximate cause ( ^! defects1 :i* is composition ( contr>ies1 ! fle% ( ,*ri/ lay "u ! necessity ( ^! defects1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,fle% conceiv$ 9 s9 is subject to pa91 n m]ely on acc\nt ( ! necessity ( its natural pr9ciples1 b f ! necessity ( ! guilt ( s94 ,n[ ?is necessity 0 n 9 ,*ri/2 b only ! necessity ( natural pr9ciples4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b71 by ! p[] ( ! ,godhead ( ,*ri/ ! beatitude 0 economically kept 9 ! s\l1 s z n to ov]fl[ into ! body1 le/ ,8 passibility & mortality %\ld be tak5 away2 & = ! same reason ! delight ( contemplation 0 s kept 9 ! m9d z n to ov]fl[ into ! s5sitive p[]s1 le/ s5sible pa9 %\ld !reby be prev5t$4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,sorr[ 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no sorr[4 ,= x is writt5 ( ,*ri/ 7,isa4 #db3d73 ,he %all n be sad nor tr\blesome4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,prov4 #ab3ba73 ,:atev] %all befall ! j man1 x %all n make him sad4 ,& ! reason ( ?is ! ,/oics ass]t$ to be t no "o is sadd5$ save by ! loss ( 8 goods4 ,n[ ! j man e/eems only ju/ice & virtue z 8 goods1 & ^! he _c lose2 o!rwise ! j man w\ld be subject to =tune if he 0 sadd5$ by ! loss ( ! goods =tune has giv5 him4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 mo/ j1 accord+ to ,j]4 #bc3f3 ,?is is ! "n t !y %all call ,him3 ,! ,"l1 our j "o4 ,!re=e !re 0 no sorr[ 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 vii1 #ac1 #ad7 t all sorr[ is evil1 & to be %unn$4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no evil to be %unn$4 ,!re=e !re 0 no sorr[ 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!rmore1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiv1 #f73 ,sorr[ reg>ds ! ?+s we suff] unwill+ly4 ,b ,*ri/ suff]$ no?+ aga9/ ,8 w1 = x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3g73 ,he 0 (f]$ because x 0 ,8 own w4 ,h5ce !re 0 no sorr[ 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,our ,"l said 7,matt4 #bf3ch73 ,my s\l is sorr[ful ev5 unto dea?4 ,& ,ambrose says 7,de ,tr94 ii47 t z a man ,he _h sorr[2 = ,he bore my sorr[4 ,i call x sorr[1 fe>lessly1 s9ce ,i prea* ! cross4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #e1 ad #c71 by ,div9e disp5sation ! joy ( contemplation rema9$ 9 ,*ri/'s m9d s z n to ov]fl[ into ! s5sitive p[]s1 & !reby %ut out s5sible pa94 ,n[ ev5 z s5sible pa9 is 9 ! s5sitive appetite1 s also is sorr[4 ,b !re is a diff]5ce ( motive or object2 = ! object & motive ( pa9 is hurt p]ceiv$ by ! s5se ( t\*1 z :5 anyone is w\nd$2 b ! object & motive ( sorr[ is any?+ hurtful or evil int]iorly1 appreh5d$ by ! reason or ! imag9ation1 z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,,aa4 #b1 #g71 z :5 anyone grieves ov] ! loss ( grace or money4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s s\l c\ld appreh5d ?+s z hurtful ei!r to ,himself1 z ,8 passion & dea?--or to o!rs1 z ! s9 ( ,8 disciples1 or ( ! ,jews t kill$ ,him4 ,& h5ce1 z !re c\ld be true pa9 9 ,*ri/1 s too c\ld !re be true sorr[2 o!rwise1 inde$1 ?an 9 u1 9 ! ?ree ways above /at$ 7,a4 #d71 :5 we 7 speak+ ( ! passions ( ,*ri/'s s\l 9 g5]al4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,sorr[ 0 n 9 ,*ri/1 z a p]fect passion2 yet x 0 in*oatively 9 ,him z a propassion4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,matt4 #bf3cg73 ,he began to gr[ sorr[ful & to be sad4 ,= x is "o ?+ to be sorr[ful & ano!r to gr[ sorr[ful1 z ,j]ome says1 on ?is text4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiv1 #h71 = ! ?ree passions--desire1 joy1 & fe>--! ,/oics held ?ree eupa!ias i4e4 good passions1 9 ! s\l ( ! wise man1 viz4 = desire1 w--= joy1 delight--= fe>1 caution4 ,b z reg>ds sorr[1 !y d5i$ x c\ld be 9 ! s\l ( ! wise man1 = sorr[ reg>ds evil already pres5t1 & !y ?\ght t no evil c\ld befall a wise man2 & = ?is reason1 because !y believ$ t only ! virtu\s is good1 s9ce x makes m5 good1 & t no?+ is evil1 except :at is s9ful1 :]eby m5 become wick$4 ,n[ al?\gh :at is virtu\s is man's *ief good1 & :at is s9ful is man's *ief evil1 s9ce ^! p]ta9 to reason :i* is supreme 9 man1 yet !re are c]ta9 second>y goods ( man1 :i* p]ta9 to ! body1 or to ! ext]ior ?+s t m9i/] to ! body4 ,& h5ce 9 ! s\l ( ! wise man !re may be sorr[ 9 ! s5sitive appetite by 8 appreh5d+ ^! evils2 )\t ?is sorr[ di/urb+ ! reason4 ,& 9 ?is way are we to und]/& t :atsoev] %all befall ! j man1 x %all n make him sad1 because 8 reason is tr\bl$ by no mis=tune4 ,& ?us ,*ri/'s sorr[ 0 a propassion1 & n a passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,all sorr[ is an evil ( puni%m5t2 b x is n always an evil ( fault1 except only :5 x proce$s f an inord9ate affection4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiv1 #i73 ,:5ev] ^! affections foll[ reason1 & are caus$ :5 & :]e ne$$1 :o w d>e to call !m diseases or vici\s passions8 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,!re is no reason :y a ?+ may n ( itself be contr>y to ! w1 & yet be will$ by reason ( ! end1 to :i* x is orda9$1 z bitt] m$ic9e is n ( itself desir$1 b only z x is orda9$ to heal?4 ,& ?us ,*ri/'s dea? & passion 7 ( !mselves involunt>y1 & caus$ sorr[1 al?\gh !y 7 volunt>y z orda9$ to ! end1 :i* is ! r$emption ( ! human race4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,fe> 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 no fe> 9 ,*ri/4 ,= x is writt5 7,prov4 #bh3a73 ,! j1 bold z a lion1 %all be )\t dread4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 mo/ j4 ,!re=e !re 0 no fe> 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,hil>y says 7,de ,tr94 x73 ,i ask ^? :o ?9k ?us1 does x /& to reason t ,he %\ld dread to die1 ,:o by expell+ all dread ( dea? f ! ,apo/les1 enc\rag$ !m to ! glory ( m>tyrdom8 ,!re=e x is unreasonable t !re %\ld be fe> 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 fe> seems only to reg>d :at a man _c avoid4 ,n[ ,*ri/ c\ld h avoid$ bo? ! evil ( puni%m5t :i* ,he endur$1 & ! evil ( fault :i* befell o!rs4 ,!re=e !re 0 no fe> 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,mk4 #d3cc73 ,jesus began to fe> & to be heavy4 ,i answ] t1 ,z sorr[ is caus$ by ! appreh5sion ( a pres5t evil1 s also is fe> caus$ by ! appreh5sion ( a future evil4 ,n[ ! appreh5sion ( a future evil1 if ! evil be q c]ta91 does n ar\se fe>4 ,h5ce ! ,philosoph] says 7,rhet4 ii1 #e7 t we d n fe> a ?+ unless !re is "s hope ( avoid+ x4 ,= :5 !re is no hope ( avoid+ x ! evil is consid]$ pres5t1 & ?us x causes sorr[ r ?an fe>4 ,h5ce fe> may be consid]$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 inasmu* z ! s5sitive appetite naturally %r9ks f bodily hurt1 by sorr[ if x is pres5t1 & by fe> if x is future2 & ?us fe> 0 9 ,*ri/1 ev5 z sorr[4 ,secondly1 fe> may be consid]$ 9 ! unc]ta9ty ( ! future ev5t1 z :5 at night we are fright5$ at a s\nd1 n kn[+ :at x is2 & 9 ?is way !re 0 no fe> 9 ,*ri/1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bc74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! j man is said to be )\t dread1 9 s f> z dread implies a p]fect passion draw+ man f :at reason dictates4 ,& ?us fe> 0 n 9 ,*ri/1 b only z a propassion4 ,h5ce x is said 7,mk4 #ad3cc7 t ,jesus began to fe> & to be heavy1 ) a propassion1 z ,j]ome exp\nds 7,matt4 #bf3cg74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,hil>y excludes fe> f ,*ri/ 9 ! same way t he excludes sorr[1 i4e4 z reg>ds ! necessity ( fe>+4 ,& yet to %[ ! reality ( ,8 human nature1 ,he volunt>ily assum$ fe>1 ev5 z sorr[4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ c\ld h avoid$ future evils by ! p[] ( ,8 ,godhead1 yet !y 7 unavoidable1 or n easily avoidable by ! weakness ( ! fle%4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,wond] 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no wond]4 ,= ! ,philosoph] says 7,metaph4 i1 #b7 t wond] results :5 we see an effect )\t kn[+ its cause2 & ?us wond] belongs only to ! ignorant4 ,n[ !re 0 no ignorance 9 ,*ri/1 z 0 said 7,a4 #c74 ,!re=e !re 0 no wond] 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 ii1 #ae7 t wond] is fe> spr++ f ! imag9ation ( some?+ great2 & h5ce ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 iv1 #c7 t ! magnanim\s man does n wond]4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 mo/ magnanim\s4 ,!re=e !re 0 no wond] 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no man wond]s at :at he himself c d4 ,n[ ,*ri/ c\ld d :atsoev] 0 great4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he wond]$ at no?+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #h3aj73 ,jesus he>+ ?is1 i4e4 ! words ( ! c5turion1 m>vel$4 ,i answ] t1 ,wond] prop]ly reg>ds :at is new & unwont$4 ,n[ !re c\ld be no?+ new & unwont$ z reg>ds ,*ri/'s ,div9e k1 :]eby ,he saw ?+s 9 ! ,^w2 nor z reg>ds ! human k1 :]eby ,he saw ?+s by infus$ species4 ,yet ?+s c\ld be new & unwont$ ) reg>d to ,8 empiric k1 9 reg>d to :i* new ?+s c\ld occur to ,him day by day4 ,h5ce1 if we speak ( ,*ri/ ) respect to ,8 ,div9e k1 & ,8 beatific & ev5 ,8 infus$ k1 !re 0 no wond] 9 ,*ri/4 ,b if we speak ( ,him ) respect to empiric k1 wond] c\ld be 9 ,him2 & ,he assum$ ?is affection = our in/ruction1 i4e4 9 ord] to tea* u to wond] at :at ,he ,himself wond]$ at4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,g54 ,cont4 ,mani*4 i1 #h73 ,our ,"l wond]$ 9 ord] to %[ u t we1 :o /ill ne$ to be s affect$1 mu/ wond]4 ,h5ce all ^! emotions are n signs ( a di/urb$ m9d1 b ( a ma/] tea*+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ 0 ignorant ( no?+1 yet new ?+s might occur to ,8 empiric k1 & ?us wond] w\ld be caus$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ did n m>vel at ! ,c5turion's fai? z if x 0 great ) respect to ,himself1 b because x 0 great ) respect to o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,he c\ld d all ?+s by ! ,div9e p[]1 = ) respect to ?is !re 0 no wond] 9 ,him1 b only ) respect to ,8 human empiric k1 z 0 said above4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,ang] 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 no ang] 9 ,*ri/4 ,= x is writt5 7,james #a3bj73 ,! ang] ( man worke? n ! ju/ice ( ,god4 ,n[ :atev] 0 9 ,*ri/ p]ta9$ to ! ju/ice ( ,god1 s9ce ( ,him x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #a3cj73 ,= ,he ,vulg43 ',:o' ( ,god is made unto u 4 4 4 ju/ice4 ,!re=e x seems t !re 0 no ang] 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ang] is oppos$ to meekness1 z is pla9 f ,e?ic4 iv1 #e4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 mo/ meek4 ,!re=e !re 0 no ang] 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,gregory says 7,moral4 v1 #de7 t ang] t comes ( evil bl9ds ! eye ( ! m9d1 b ang] t comes ( zeal di/urbs x4 ,n[ ! m9d's eye 9 ,*ri/ 0 nei!r bl9d$ nor di/urb$4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 nei!r s9ful ang] nor zeal\s ang]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #b3ag7 t ! words ( ,ps4 #eh3aj1 ! zeal ( ,?y h\se ha? eat5 me up1 7 fulfill$ 9 ,him4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #df1 ,a4 #c1 ad #c1 & ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #aeh1 ,a4 #b1 ad #c71 ang] is an effect ( sorr[4 ,= :5 sorr[ is inflict$ ^u someone1 !re arises )9 him a desire ( ! s5sitive appetite to repel ?is injury br\ght ^u himself or o!rs4 ,h5ce ang] is a passion compos$ ( sorr[ & ! desire ( rev5ge4 ,n[ x 0 said 7,a4 #f7 t sorr[ c\ld be 9 ,*ri/4 ,z to ! desire ( rev5ge x is sometimes ) s91 i4e4 :5 anyone seeks rev5ge beyond ! ord] ( reason3 & 9 ?is way ang] c\ld n be 9 ,*ri/1 = ?is k9d ( ang] is s9ful4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ?is desire is )\t s9--nay1 is praisewor?y1 e4g4 :5 anyone seeks rev5ge accord+ to ju/ice1 & ?is is zeal\s ang]4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7on ,john #b3ag7 t he is eat5 up by zeal = ! h\se ( ,god1 :o seeks to bett] :atev] ,he sees to be evil 9 x1 & if he _c "r x1 be>s ) x & sighs4 ,su* 0 ! ang] t 0 9 ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,gregory says 7,moral4 v71 ang] is 9 man 9 two ways--sometimes x =e/alls reason1 & causes x to op]ate1 & 9 ?is way x is prop]ly said to "w1 = op]ations are attribut$ to ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,x is 9 ?is way t we mu/ und]/& t ! ang] ( man worke? n ! ju/ice ( ,god4 ,sometimes ang] foll[s reason1 & is1 z x 71 its in/rum5t1 & !n ! op]ation1 :i* p]ta9s to ju/ice1 is n attribut$ to ang] b to reason4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x is ! ang] :i* out/eps ! b\nds ( reason t is oppos$ to meekness1 & n ! ang] :i* is controll$ & br\ght )9 its prop] b\nds by reason1 = meekness holds ! mean 9 ang]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 u ! natural ord] is t ! s\l's p[]s mutually imp$e ea* o!r1 i4e4 if ! op]ation ( "o p[] is int5se1 ! op]ation ( ! o!r is weak5$4 ,?is is ! reason :y any movem5t :atsoev] ( ang]1 ev5 if x be temp]$ by reason1 dims ! m9d's eye ( him :o contemplates4 ,b 9 ,*ri/1 by control ( ! ,div9e p[]1 e faculty 0 all[$ to d :at 0 prop] to x1 & "o p[] 0 n imp$$ by ano!r4 ,h5ce1 z ! joy ( ,8 m9d 9 contemplation did n imp$e ! sorr[ or pa9 ( ! inf]ior "p1 s1 conv]sely1 ! passions ( ! inf]ior "p no-wise imp$$ ! act ( reason4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ae1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 at ,once a ,wayf>] & a ,compreh5sor8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n at once a wayf>] & a compreh5sor4 ,= x belongs to a wayf>] to be mov+ t[>d ! end ( beatitude1 & to a compreh5sor x belongs to be re/+ 9 ! end4 ,n[ to be mov+ t[>ds ! end & to be re/+ 9 ! end _c belong to ! same4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ c\ld n be at once wayf>] & compreh5sor4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to t5d to beatitude1 or to obta9 x1 does n p]ta9 to man's body1 b to 8 s\l2 h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,dios4 cxviii7 t ^u ! inf]ior nature1 :i* is ! body1 !re ov]fl[s1 n inde$ ! beatitude :i* belongs to su* z enjoy & und]/&1 ! fulness ( heal?1 i4e4 ! vigor ( incorruption4 ,n[ al?\gh ,*ri/ _h a passible body1 ,he fully enjoy$ ,god 9 ,8 m9d4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n a wayf>] b a compreh5sor4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,sa9ts1 ^: s\ls are 9 heav5 & ^: bodies are 9 ! tomb1 enjoy beatitude 9 _! s\ls1 al?\gh _! bodies are subject to dea?1 yet !y are call$ n wayf>]s1 b only compreh5sors4 ,h5ce1 ) equal reason1 w\ld x seem t ,*ri/ 0 a pure compreh5sor & n[ise a wayf>]1 s9ce ,8 m9d enjoy$ ,god al?\gh ,8 body 0 mortal4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,j]4 #ad3h73 ,:y wilt ,?\ be z a /rang] 9 ! l&1 & z a wayf>+ man turn+ 9 to lodge8 ,i answ] t1 ,a man is call$ a wayf>] f t5d+ to beatitude1 & a compreh5sor f hav+ already obta9$ beatitude1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #i3bd3 ,s run t y may compreh5d ,d\ay3 'obta9'2 & ,phil4 #c3ab3 ,i foll[ aft]1 if by any means ,i may compreh5d ,d\ay3 'obta9'4 ,n[ man's p]fect beatitude consi/s 9 bo? s\l & body1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #d1 ,a4 #f74 ,9 ! s\l1 z reg>ds :at is prop] to x1 inasmu* z ! m9d sees & enjoys ,god2 9 ! body1 inasmu* z ! body w rise spiritual 9 p[] & glory & incorruption1 z is writt5 #a ,cor4 #ae3db4 ,n[ be=e ,8 passion ,*ri/'s m9d saw ,god fully1 & ?us ,he _h beatitude z f> z x reg>ds :at is prop] to ! s\l2 b beatitude 0 want+ ) reg>d to all else1 s9ce ,8 s\l 0 passible1 & ,8 body bo? passible & mortal1 z is cle> f ! above 7,a4 #d2 ,q4 #ad1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,h5ce ,he 0 at once compreh5sor1 inasmu* z ,he _h ! beatitude prop] to ! s\l1 & at ! same "t wayf>]1 inasmu* z ,he 0 t5d+ to beatitude1 z reg>ds :at 0 want+ to ,8 beatitude4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is impossible to be mov+ t[>ds ! end & re/+ 9 ! end1 9 ! same respect2 b !re is no?+ aga9/ ?is "u a diff]5t respect--z :5 a man is at once acqua9t$ ) :at he already kn[s1 & yet is a le>n] ) reg>d to :at he does n "k4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,beatitude pr9cipally & prop]ly belongs to ! s\l ) reg>d to ! m9d1 yet second>ily &1 s to say1 in/rum5tally1 bodily goods are requir$ = beatitude2 ?us ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 i1 #h71 t ext]ior goods m9i/] organically to beatitude4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!re is no p>ity betwe5 ! s\l ( a sa9t & ( ,*ri/1 = two reasons3 fir/1 because ! s\ls ( sa9ts are n passible1 z ,*ri/'s s\l 02 secondly1 because _! bodies d no?+ by :i* !y t5d to beatitude1 z ,*ri/ by ,8 bodily suff]+s t5d$ to beatitude z reg>ds ! glory ( ,8 body4 ,,"q #af ,,( ,,^? ,,?+s ,,:i* ,,are ,,applicable ,,to ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,8 ,,be+ ,,& ,,becom+ 7,9 ,twelve ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! consequ5ces ( ! union2 & fir/ z to :at belongs to ,*ri/ 9 ,himself2 secondly1 z to :at belongs to ,*ri/ 9 relation ) ,8 ,fa!r2 ?irdly1 z to :at belongs to ,*ri/ 9 relation to u4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/1 !re occurs a d\ble consid]ation4 ,! fir/ is ab\t su* ?+s z belong to ,*ri/ 9 be+ & becom+2 ! second reg>ds su* ?+s z belong to ,*ri/ by reason ( unity4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are twelve po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,god is man8 7#b7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,man is ,god8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ may be call$ a lordly man8 7#d7 ,:e!r :at belongs to ! ,son ( ,man may be pr$icat$ ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & conv]sely8 7#e7 ,:e!r :at belongs to ! ,son ( ,man may be pr$icat$ ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 & :at belongs to ! ,son ( ,god ( ! human nature8 7#f7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,! ,son ( ,god 0 made man8 7#g7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,man became ,god8 7#h7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,*ri/ is a creature8 7#i7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,?is man1 po9t+ out ,*ri/1 began to be8 or always 08 7#aj7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,*ri/ z man is a creature8 7#aa7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,*ri/ z man is ,god8 7#ab7 ,:e!r ?is is true3 ,*ri/ z man is a hypo/asis or p]son8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,?is ,is ,true3 ,god ,is ,man8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is is false3 ,god is man4 ,= e affirmative proposition ( remote matt] is false4 ,n[ ?is proposition1 ,god is man1 is on remote matt]1 s9ce ! =ms signifi$ by ! subject & pr$icate are mo/ widely ap>t4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! a=esaid proposition is affirmative1 x w\ld seem to be false4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ?ree ,div9e ,p]sons are 9 great] mutual agreem5t ?an ! human nature & ! ,div9e4 ,b 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation "o ,p]son is n pr$icat$ ( ano!r2 = we d n say t ! ,fa!r is ! ,son1 or conv]sely4 ,!re=e x seems t ! human nature ought n to be pr$icat$ ( ,god by say+ t ,god is man4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,a?anasius says 7,symb4 ,fid47 t1 z ! s\l & ! fle% are "o man1 s are ,god & man "o ,*ri/4 ,b ?is is false3 ,! s\l is ! body4 ,!re=e ?is also is false3 ,god is man4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #d7 t :at is pr$icat$ ( ,god n relatively b absolutely1 belongs to ! :ole ,tr9ity & to ea* ( ! ,p]sons4 ,b ?is ^w man is n relative1 b absolute4 ,h5ce1 if x is pr$icat$ ( ,god1 x w\ld foll[ t ! :ole ,tr9ity & ea* ( ! ,p]sons is man2 & ?is is cle>ly false4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,phil4 #b3f1 #g73 ,:o be+ 9 ! =m ( ,god 4 4 4 empti$ ,himself1 tak+ ! =m ( a s]vant1 be+ made 9 ! lik5ess ( man1 & 9 habit f\nd z a man2 & ?us ,he ,:o is 9 ! =m ( ,god is man4 ,n[ ,he ,:o is 9 ! =m ( ,god is ,god4 ,!re=e ,god is man4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is proposition ,god is man1 is admitt$ by all ,*ri/ians1 yet n 9 ! same way by all4 ,= "s admit ! proposition1 b n 9 ! prop] acceptation ( ! t]ms4 ,?us ! ,mani*eans say ! ,^w ( ,god is man1 n inde$ true1 b fictiti\s man1 inasmu* z !y say t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ an imag9>y body1 & ?us ,god is call$ man z a bronze figure is call$ man if x has ! figure ( a man4 ,s1 too1 ^? :o held t ,*ri/'s body & s\l 7 n unit$1 c\ld n say t ,god is true man1 b t ,he is figuratively call$ man by reason ( ! p>ts4 ,n[ bo? ^! op9ions 7 disprov$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #e2 ,q4 #e1 ,a4 #a74 ,"s1 on ! contr>y1 hold ! reality on ! "p ( man1 b d5y ! reality on ! "p ( ,god4 ,= !y say t ,*ri/1 ,:o is ,god & man1 is ,god n naturally1 b by p>ticipation1 i4e4 by grace2 ev5 z all o!r holy m5 are call$ gods--,*ri/ be+ m excell5tly s ?an ! re/1 on acc\nt ( ,8 m abundant grace4 ,& ?us1 :5 x is said t ,god is man1 ,god does n /& = ! true & natural ,god4 ,& ?is is ! h]esy ( ,phot9us1 :i* 0 disprov$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #aj1 #aa74 ,b "s admit ?is proposition1 toge!r ) ! reality ( bo? t]ms1 hold+ t ,*ri/ is true ,god & true man2 yet !y d n pres]ve ! tru? ( ! pr$ication4 ,= !y say t man is pr$icat$ ( ,god by reason ( a c]ta9 conjunction ei!r ( dignity1 or ( au?ority1 or ( affection or indwell+4 ,x 0 ?us t ,ne/orius held ,god to be man--no?+ fur!r be+ meant ?an t ,god is jo9$ to man by su* a conjunction t man is dwelt 9 by ,god1 & unit$ to ,him 9 affection1 & 9 a %>e ( ! ,div9e au?ority & honor4 ,& into ! same error fall ^? :o suppose two supposita or hypo/ases 9 ,*ri/1 s9ce x is impossible to und]/& h[1 ( two ?+s di/9ct 9 suppositum or hypo/asis1 "o c be prop]ly pr$icat$ ( ! o!r3 unless m]ely by a figurative expression1 inasmu* z !y are unit$ 9 some?+1 z if we 7 to say t ,pet] is ,john because !y are someh[ mutually jo9$ toge!r4 ,& ^! op9ions also 7 disprov$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #c1 #f74 ,h5ce1 suppos+ ! tru? ( ! ,ca?olic belief1 t ! true ,div9e ,nature is unit$ ) true human nature n only 9 p]son1 b also 9 suppositum or hypo/asis2 we say t ?is proposition is true & prop]1 ,god is man--n only by ! tru? ( its t]ms1 i4e4 because ,*ri/ is true ,god & true man1 b by ! tru? ( ! pr$ication4 ,= a ^w signify+ ! common nature 9 ! concrete may /& = all conta9$ 9 ! common nature1 z ?is ^w man may /& = any individual man4 ,& ?us ?is ^w ,god1 f its v mode ( signification1 may /& = ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #d74 ,n[ ( e suppositum ( any nature we may truly & prop]ly pr$icate a ^w signify+ t nature 9 ! concrete1 z man may prop]ly & truly be pr$icat$ ( ,socrates & ,plato4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god = ,:om ?is ^w ,god /&s1 is a suppositum ( human nature ?is ^w man may be truly & prop]ly pr$icat$ ( ?is ^w ,god1 z x /&s = ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 diff]5t =ms _c come toge!r 9 "o suppositum1 ! proposition is necess>ily 9 remote matt]1 ! subject signify+ "o =m & ! pr$icate ano!r4 ,b :5 two =ms c come toge!r 9 "o suppositum1 ! matt] is n remote1 b natural or cont+5t1 z :5 ,i say3 ,some?+ :ite is musical4 ,n[ ! ,div9e & human natures1 al?\gh mo/ widely ap>t1 nev]!less come toge!r by ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation 9 "o suppositum1 9 :i* nei!r exi/s accid5tally1 b bo? ess5tially4 ,h5ce ?is proposition is nei!r 9 remote nor 9 cont+5t1 b 9 natural matt]2 & man is n pr$icat$ ( ,god accid5tally1 b ess5tially1 z be+ pr$icat$ ( its hypo/asis--n1 inde$1 by reason ( ! =m signifi$ by ?is ^w ,god1 b by reason ( ! suppositum1 :i* is a hypo/asis ( human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ?ree ,div9e ,p]sons agree 9 "o ,nature1 & are di/+ui%$ 9 suppositum2 & h5ce !y are n pr$icat$ "o ( ano!r4 ,b 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! natures1 be+ di/9ct1 are n pr$icat$ "o ( ! o!r1 9 ! ab/ract4 ,= ! ,div9e ,nature is n ! human nature4 ,b because !y agree 9 suppositum1 !y are pr$icat$ ( ea* o!r 9 ! concrete4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,s\l & fle% are tak5 9 ! ab/ract1 ev5 z ,godhead & manhood2 b 9 ! concrete we say animate & c>nal or corporeal1 z1 on ! o!r h&1 ,god & man4 ,h5ce 9 bo? cases ! ab/ract is n pr$icat$ ( ! ab/ract1 b only ! concrete ( ! concrete4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,?is ^w man is pr$icat$ ( ,god1 because ( ! union 9 p]son1 & ?is union implies a relation4 ,h5ce x does n foll[ ! rule ( ^? words :i* are absolutely pr$icat$ ( ,god f et]nity4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,?is ,is ,true3 ,man ,is ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is is false3 ,man is ,god4 ,= ,god is an incommunicable "n2 h5ce 7,wis4 #ac3aj2 #ad3ba7 idolat]s are rebuk$ = giv+ ! "n ( ,god1 :i* is incommunicable1 to wood & /ones4 ,h5ce ) equal reason does x seem unbecom+ t ?is ^w ,god %\ld be pr$icat$ ( man4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :atev] is pr$icat$ ( ! pr$icate may be pr$icat$ ( ! subject4 ,b ?is is true3 ,god is ! ,fa!r1 or ,god is ! ,tr9ity4 ,!re=e1 if x is true t ,man is ,god1 x seems t ?is also is true3 ,man is ! ,fa!r1 or ,man is ! ,tr9ity4 ,b ^! are false4 ,!re=e ! fir/ is false4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,ps4 #hj3aj73 ,!re %all be no new ,god 9 !e4 ,b man is some?+ new2 = ,*ri/ 0 n always man4 ,!re=e ?is is false3 ,man is ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,rom4 #i3e73 ,( :om is ,*ri/ accord+ to ! fle%1 ,:o is ov] all ?+s1 ,god bless$ = ev]4 ,n[ ,*ri/1 accord+ to ! fle%1 is man4 ,!re=e ?is is true3 ,man is ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,grant$ ! reality ( bo? natures1 i4e4 ,div9e & human1 & ( ! union 9 p]son & hypo/asis1 ?is is true & prop]3 ,man is ,god1 ev5 z ?is3 ,god is man4 ,= ?is ^w man may /& = any hypo/asis ( human nature2 & ?us x may /& = ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 ,:om we say is a hypo/asis ( human nature4 ,n[ x is manife/ t ! ^w ,god is truly & prop]ly pr$icat$ ( ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #d74 ,h5ce x rema9s t ?is is true & prop]3 ,man is ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,idolat]s attribut$ ! "n ( ! ,deity to /ones & wood1 consid]$ 9 _! own nature1 because !y ?\ght !re 0 some?+ div9e 9 !m4 ,b we d n attribute ! "n ( ! ,deity to ! man 9 ,8 human nature1 b 9 ! et]nal suppositum1 :i* by union is a suppositum ( human nature1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is ^w ,fa!r is pr$icat$ ( ?is ^w ,god1 inasmu* z ?is ^w ,god /&s = ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r4 ,& 9 ?is way x is n pr$icat$ ( ! ,p]son ( ! ,son1 because ! ,p]son ( ! ,son is n ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 x is n necess>y t ?is ^w ,fa!r be pr$icat$ ( ?is ^w ,man1 ( :i* ! ,^w ,god is pr$icat$1 inasmu* z ,man /&s = ! ,p]son ( ! ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ is some?+ new1 yet ! suppositum ( ! human nature is n new1 b et]nal4 ,& because ?is ^w ,god is pr$icat$ ( man n on acc\nt ( ! human nature1 b by reason ( ! suppositum1 x does n foll[ t we ass]t a new ,god4 ,b ?is w\ld foll[1 if we held t ,man /&s = a creat$ suppositum3 ev5 z mu/ be said by ^? :o ass]t t !re are two supposita 9 ,*ri/ 99,cf4 ,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #c1 #f4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,c ,be ,call$ a ,lordly ,man899 99,! "q is h>dly apposite 9 ,engli%4 ,/4 ,?omas expla9s :y we c say 9 ,lat91 e4g4 oratio dom9ica 7! ,"l's ,pray]7 or passio dom9ica 7,our ,"l's ,passion71 b n speak ( our ,"l z homo dom9icus 7a lordly man74 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ c be call$ a lordly man4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #cf7 t we are to be c\nsel$ to hope = ! goods t 7 9 ! ,lordly ,man2 & he is speak+ ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ 0 a lordly man4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z lord%ip belongs to ,*ri/ by reason ( ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 s does manhood belong to ! human nature4 ,n[ ,god is said to be humaniz$1 z is pla9 f ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa71 :]e he says t be+ humaniz$ manife/s ! conjunction ) man4 ,h5ce ) l reason may x be said d5om9atively t ?is man is lordly4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z lordly is d]iv$ f "l1 s is ,div9e d]iv$ f ,deus ,god4 ,b ,dionysius 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iv7 calls ,*ri/ ! mo/ ,div9e ,jesus4 ,!re=e ) l reason may ,*ri/ be call$ a lordly man4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,retract4 i1 #ai73 ,i d n see t we may rightly call ,jesus ,*ri/ a lordly man1 s9ce ,he is ! ,"l ,himself4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #b1 ad #c71 :5 we say ! ,man ,*ri/ ,jesus1 we signify ! et]nal suppositum1 :i* is ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 because !re is only "o suppositum ( bo? natures4 ,n[ ,god & ,"l are pr$icat$ ess5tially ( ! ,son ( ,god2 & h5ce !y ought n to be pr$icat$ d5om9atively1 s9ce ?is is d]ogatory to ! tru? ( ! union4 ,h5ce1 s9ce we say lordly d5om9atively f "l1 x _c truly & prop]ly be said t ?is ,man is lordly1 b r t ,he is ,"l4 ,b if1 :5 we say ! ,man ,*ri/ ,jesus1 we mean a creat$ suppositum1 z ^? :o ass]t two supposita 9 ,*ri/1 ?is man might be call$ lordly1 inasmu* z he is assum$ to a p>ticipation ( ,div9e honor1 z ! ,ne/orians said4 ,&1 ev5 9 ?is way1 ! human nature is n call$ div9e by ess5ce1 b deifi$--n1 inde$1 by its be+ conv]t$ into ! ,div9e ,nature1 b by its conjunction ) ! ,div9e ,nature 9 "o hypo/asis1 z is pla9 f ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #aa1 #ag74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,augu/9e retracts ^! & ! l words 7,retract4 i1 #ai72 h5ce1 aft] ! =ego+ words 7,retract4 i1 #ai71 he adds3 ,:]ev] ,i h said ?is1 viz4 t ,*ri/ ,jesus is a lordly man1 ,i wi% x unsaid1 hav+ aft]w>ds se5 t x ought n to be said al?\gh x may be def5d$ ) "s reason1 i4e4 because "o might say t ,he 0 call$ a lordly man by reason ( ! human nature1 :i* ?is ^w man signifies1 & n by reason ( ! suppositum4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is "o suppositum1 :i* is ( ! human & ,div9e natures1 0 fir/ ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 i4e4 f et]nity4 ,aft]w>ds 9 "t x 0 made a suppositum ( human nature by ! ,inc>nation4 ,& = ?is reason x is said to be humaniz$--n t x assum$ a man1 b t x assum$ human nature4 ,b ! conv]se ( ?is is n true1 viz4 t a suppositum ( human nature assum$ ! ,div9e ,nature2 h5ce we may n say a deifi$ or lordly man4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is ^w ,div9e is wont to be pr$icat$ ev5 ( ?+s ( :i* ! ^w ,god is pr$icat$ ess5tially2 ?us we say t ! ,div9e ,ess5ce is ,god1 by reason ( id5tity2 & t ! ,ess5ce belongs to ,god1 or is ,div9e1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5t way ( signify+2 & we speak ( ! ,div9e ,^w1 ?\gh ! ,^w is ,god4 ,s1 too1 we say a ,div9e ,p]son1 j z we say ! p]son ( ,plato1 on acc\nt ( its diff]5t mode ( signification4 ,b lordly is n pr$icat$ ( ^? ( :i* "l is pr$icat$2 = we are n wont to call a man :o is a "l1 lordly2 b :atsoev] belongs to a "l is call$ lordly1 z ! lordly w1 or ! lordly h&1 or ! lordly possession4 ,& h5ce ! man ,*ri/1 ,:o is our ,"l1 _c be call$ lordly2 yet ,8 fle% c be call$ lordly fle% & ,8 passion ! lordly passion4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,:at ,belongs to ! ,human ,nature ,c ,be ,pr$icat$ ( ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t :at belongs to ! human nature _c be said ( ,god4 ,= contr>y ?+s _c be said ( ! same4 ,n[1 :at belongs to human nature is contr>y to :at is prop] to ,god1 s9ce ,god is uncreat$1 immutable1 & et]nal1 & x belongs to ! human nature to be creat$ temporal & mutable4 ,!re=e :at belongs to ! human nature _c be said ( ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to attribute to ,god :at is defective seems to be d]ogatory to ! ,div9e honor1 & to be a blasphemy4 ,n[ :at p]ta9s to ! human nature conta9s a k9d ( defect1 z to suff]1 to die1 & ! l4 ,h5ce x seems t :at p]ta9s to ! human nature c n[ise be said ( ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 to be assum$ p]ta9s to ! human nature2 yet x does n p]ta9 to ,god4 ,!re=e :at belongs to ! human nature _c be said ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #d7 t ,god assum$ ! idioms1 i4e4 ! prop]ties1 ( fle%1 s9ce ,god is said to be passible1 & ! ,god ( glory 0 crucifi$4 ,i answ] t1 ,on ?is "q !re 0 a diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 ,ne/orians & ,ca?olics4 ,! ,ne/orians wi%$ to divide words pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/1 9 ?is way1 viz4 t su* z p]ta9$ to human nature %\ld n be pr$icat$ ( ,god1 & t su* z p]ta9$ to ! ,div9e ,nature %\ld n be pr$icat$ ( ! ,man4 ,h5ce ,ne/orius said3 ,if anyone attempt to attribute suff]+s to ! ,^w1 let him be ana!ma 99,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 ,"p ,i1 *4 #bi4 ,b if !re are any words applicable to bo? natures1 ( !m !y pr$icat$ :at p]ta9$ to bo? natures1 z ,*ri/ or ,"l4 ,h5ce !y grant$ t ,*ri/ 0 born ( a ,virg91 & t ,he 0 f et]nity2 b !y did n say t ,god 0 born ( a virg91 or t ! ,man 0 f et]nity4 ,ca?olics on ! o!r h& ma9ta9$ t words :i* are said ( ,*ri/ ei!r 9 ,8 ,div9e or 9 ,8 human nature may be said ei!r ( ,god or ( man4 ,h5ce ,cyril says 99,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 ,"p ,i1 *4 #bf3 ,if anyone ascribes to two p]sons or sub/ances1 i4e4 hypo/ases1 su* words z are 9 ! evangelical & apo/olic ,scriptures1 or h be5 said ( ,*ri/ by ! ,sa9ts1 or by ,himself ( ,himself1 & believes t "s are to be appli$ to ! ,man1 & apportions "s to ! ,^w alone--let him be ana!ma4 ,& ! reason ( ?is is t1 s9ce !re is "o hypo/asis ( bo? natures1 ! same hypo/asis is signifi$ by ! "n ( ei!r nature4 ,?us :e!r we say man or ,god1 ! hypo/asis ( ,div9e & human nature is signifi$4 ,& h5ce1 ( ! ,man may be said :at belongs to ! ,div9e ,nature1 z ( a hypo/asis ( ! ,div9e ,nature2 & ( ,god may be said :at belongs to ! human nature1 z ( a hypo/asis ( human nature4 ,nev]!less1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t 9 a proposition 9 :i* some?+ is pr$icat$ ( ano!r1 we mu/ n m]ely consid] :at ! pr$icate is pr$icat$ (1 b also ! reason ( its be+ pr$icat$4 ,?us1 al?\gh we d n di/+ui% ?+s pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/1 yet we di/+ui% t by reason ( :i* !y are pr$icat$1 s9ce ^? ?+s t belong to ! ,div9e ,nature are pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 & ^? t belong to ! human nature are pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 human nature4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #aa73 ,we mu/ di/+ui% :at is said by ,scripture 9 ref]5ce to ! =m ( ,god1 :]e9 ,he is equal to ! ,fa!r1 & :at 9 ref]5ce to ! =m ( a s]vant1 :]e9 ,he is less ?an ! ,fa!r3 & fur!r on he says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #ac73 ,! prud5t1 c>eful1 & dev\t read] w disc]n ! reason & po9t ( view ( :at is said4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is impossible = contr>ies to be pr$icat$ ( ! same 9 ! same respects1 b no?+ prev5ts _! be+ pr$icat$ ( ! same 9 diff]5t aspects4 ,& ?us contr>ies are pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/1 n 9 ! same1 b 9 diff]5t natures4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,if ! ?+s p]ta9+ to defect 7 attribut$ to ,god 9 ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 x w\ld be a blasphemy1 s9ce x w\ld be d]ogatory to ,8 honor4 ,b !re is no k9d ( wrong done to ,god if !y are attribut$ to ,him 9 ,8 assum$ nature4 ,h5ce 9 a disc\rse ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 99,"p ,,iii1 *4 #aj x is said3 ,god acc\nts no?+ a wrong :i* is ! occasion ( man's salvation4 ,= no l[l9ess t ,he assum$ = u injures t ,nature :i* c be subject to no injury1 yet makes l[] ?+s ,its own1 to save our nature4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ^! l[ly & wor?less ?+s d no h>m to ! ,div9e ,nature1 b br+ ab\t our salvation1 h[ do/ ?\ ma9ta9 t :at 0 ! cause ( our salvation 0 ! occasion ( h>m to ,god8 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,to be assum$ p]ta9s to human nature1 n 9 its suppositum1 b 9 itself2 & ?us x does n belong to ,god4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,:at ,belongs to ! ,human ,nature ,c ,be ,pr$icat$ ( ! ,div9e ,nature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t :at belongs to ! human nature c be said ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,= :at belongs to ! human nature is pr$icat$ ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & ( ,god4 ,b ,god is ,8 own ,nature4 ,!re=e1 :at belongs to ! human nature may be pr$icat$ ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! fle% p]ta9s to human nature4 ,b z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #f71 we say1 aft] ! bless$ ,a?anasius & ,cyril1 t ! ,nature ( ! ,^w 0 inc>nate4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem ) equal reason t :at belongs to ! human nature may be said ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at belongs to ! ,div9e ,nature belongs to ,*ri/'s human nature2 su* z to "k future ?+s & to possess sav+ p[]4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem ) equal reason t :at belongs to ! human may be said ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #d73 ,:5 we m5tion ! ,godhead we d n pr$icate ( x ! idioms1 i4e4 ! prop]ties1 ( ! humanity2 = we d n say t ! ,godhead is passible or creatable4 ,n[ ! ,godhead is ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,!re=e :at is prop] to ! human nature _c be said ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,i answ] t1 ,:at belongs to "o _c be said ( ano!r1 unless !y are bo? ! same2 ?us risible c be pr$icat$ only ( man4 ,n[ 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! ,div9e & human natures are n ! same2 b ! hypo/asis ( ! two natures is ! same4 ,& h5ce :at belongs to "o nature _c be pr$icat$ ( ! o!r if !y are tak5 9 ! ab/ract4 ,n[ concrete words /& = ! hypo/asis ( ! nature2 & h5ce ( concrete words we may pr$icate indiff]5tly :at belongs to ei!r nature--:e!r ! ^w ( :i* !y are pr$icat$ ref]s to "o nature1 z ! ^w ,*ri/1 by :i* is signifi$ bo? ! ,godhead ano9t+ & ! manhood ano9t$2 or to ! ,div9e ,nature alone1 z ?is ^w ,god or ! ,son ( ,god2 or to ! manhood alone1 z ?is ^w ,man or ,jesus4 ,h5ce ,pope ,leo says 7,ep4 ad ,palae/4 cxxiv73 ,x is ( no consequ5ce f :at sub/ance we "n ,*ri/2 because s9ce ! unity ( p]son rema9s insep>ably1 "o & ! same is altoge!r ,son ( ,man by ,8 fle%1 & altoge!r ,son ( ,god by ! ,godhead :i* ,he has ) ! ,fa!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ,god1 ,p]son & ,nature are really ! same2 & by reason ( ?is id5tity ! ,div9e ,nature is pr$icat$ ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,nev]!less1 its mode ( pr$ication is diff]5t2 & h5ce c]ta9 ?+s are said ( ! ,son ( ,god :i* are n said ( ! ,div9e ,nature2 ?us we say t ! ,son ( ,god is born1 yet we d n say t ! ,div9e ,nature is born2 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #e74 ,s1 too1 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation we say t ! ,son ( ,god suff]$1 yet we d n say t ! ,div9e ,nature suff]$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,inc>nation implies union ) fle%1 r ?an any prop]ty ( fle%4 ,n[ 9 ,*ri/ ea* nature is unit$ to ! o!r 9 p]son2 & by reason ( ?is union ! ,div9e ,nature is said to be inc>nate & ! human nature deifi$1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #a1 ad #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,:at belongs to ! ,div9e ,nature is pr$icat$ ( ! human nature--n1 inde$1 z x belongs ess5tially to ! ,div9e ,nature1 b z x is p>ticipat$ by ! human nature4 ,h5ce1 :atev] _c be p>ticipat$ by ! human nature 7z to be uncreat$ & omnipot5t71 is n[ise pr$icat$ ( ! human nature4 ,b ! ,div9e ,nature receiv$ no?+ by p>ticipation f ! human nature2 & h5ce :at belongs to ! human nature c n[ise be pr$icat$ ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,?is ,is ,true3 ,god ,0 ,made ,man8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is is false3 ,god 0 made man4 ,= s9ce man signifies a sub/ance1 to be made man is to be made simply4 ,b ?is is false3 ,god 0 made simply4 ,!re=e ?is is false3 ,god 0 made man4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to be made man is to be *ang$4 ,b ,god _c be ! subject ( *ange1 accord+ to ,mala*i #c3f3 ,i am ! ,"l1 & ,i *ange n4 ,h5ce ?is is false3 ,god 0 made man4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 man z pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/ /&s = ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b ?is is false3 ,god 0 made ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!re=e ?is is false3 ,god 0 made man4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #a3ad73 ,! ,^w 0 made fle%3 & z ,a?anasius says 7,ep4 ad ,epictetum71 :5 he said1 ',! ,^w 0 made fle%1' x is z if x 7 said t ,god 0 made man4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ is said to be made t :i* beg9s to be pr$icat$ ( x = ! fir/ "t4 ,n[ to be man is truly pr$icat$ ( ,god1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 yet 9 su* sort t x p]ta9s to ,god to be man1 n f et]nity1 b f ! "t ( ,8 assum+ human nature4 ,h5ce1 ?is is true1 ,god 0 made man2 ?\gh x is und]/ood diff]5tly by "s3 ev5 z ?is1 ,god is man1 z we said above 7,a4 #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,to be made man is to be made simply1 9 all ^? 9 :om human nature beg9s to be 9 a newly creat$ suppositum4 ,b ,god is said to h be5 made man1 inasmu* z ! human nature began to be 9 an et]nally pre-exi/+ suppositum ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,& h5ce = ,god to be made man does n mean t ,god 0 made simply4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ above1 to be made implies t some?+ is newly pr$icat$ ( ano!r4 ,h5ce1 :5ev] any?+ is pr$icat$ ( ano!r1 & !re is a *ange 9 t ( :i* x is pr$icat$1 !n to be made is to be *ang$2 & ?is takes place 9 :atev] is pr$icat$ absolutely1 = :it5ess or greatness _c newly affect any?+1 unless x be newly *ang$ to :it5ess or greatness4 ,b :atev] is pr$icat$ relatively c be newly pr$icat$ ( any?+ )\t its *ange1 z a man may be made to be on ! "r side )\t be+ *ang$ & m]ely by ! *ange ( him on ^: left side he 04 ,h5ce 9 su* cases1 n all t is said to be made is *ang$1 s9ce x may happ5 by ! *ange ( some?+ else4 ,& x is ?us we say ( ,god3 ,"l1 ,?\ art made ,d\ay3 'ha/ be5' our refuge 7,ps4 #hi3a74 ,n[ to be man belongs to ,god by reason ( ! union1 :i* is a relation4 ,& h5ce to be man is newly pr$icat$ ( ,god )\t any *ange 9 ,him1 by a *ange 9 ! human nature1 :i* is assum$ to a ,div9e ,p]son4 ,& h5ce1 :5 x is said1 ,god 0 made man1 we und]/& no *ange on ! "p ( ,god1 b only on ! "p ( ! human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,man /&s n = ! b>e ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 b inasmu* z x subsi/s 9 human nature4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh ?is is false1 ,god 0 made ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 yet ?is is true3 ,god 0 made man by be+ unit$ to human nature4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,?is ,is ,true3 ,man ,0 ,made ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is is true3 ,man 0 made ,god4 ,= x is writt5 7,rom4 #a3b1 #c73 ,:i* ,he _h promis$ be=e by ,8 prophets 9 ! holy ,scriptures1 conc]n+ ,8 ,son ,:o 0 made to ,him ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%4 ,n[ ,*ri/1 z man1 is ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%4 ,!re=e man 0 made ! ,son ( ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #ac7 t su* 0 ?is assumption1 :i* made ,god man1 & man ,god4 ,b by reason ( ?is assumption ?is is true3 ,god 0 made man4 ,!re=e1 9 l mann]1 ?is is true3 ,man 0 made ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,gregory ,nazianz5 says 7,ep4 ad ,*elid4 ci73 ,god 0 humaniz$ & man 0 deifi$1 or :atev] else "o may l to call x4 ,n[ ,god is said to be humaniz$ by be+ made man4 ,!re=e ) equal reason man is said to be deifi$ by be+ made ,god2 & ?us x is true t ,man 0 made ,god4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 :5 x is said t ,god 0 made man1 ! subject ( ! mak+ or unit+ is n ,god1 b human nature1 :i* ! ^w man signifies4 ,n[ t seems to be ! subject ( ! mak+1 to :i* ! mak+ is attribut$4 ,h5ce ,man 0 made ,god is tru] ?an ,god 0 made man4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #b73 ,we d n say t man 0 deifi$1 b t ,god 0 humaniz$4 ,n[ to be made ,god is ! same z to be deifi$4 ,h5ce ?is is false3 ,man 0 made ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is proposition1 ,man 0 made ,god1 may be und]/ood 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 s t ! p>ticiple made absolutely det]m9es ei!r ! subject or ! pr$icate2 & 9 ?is s5se x is false1 s9ce nei!r ! ,man ( ,:om x is pr$icat$ 0 made1 nor is ,god made1 z w be said 7,,aa4 #h1 #i74 ,& 9 ! same s5se ?is is false3 ,god 0 made man4 ,b x is n ( ?is s5se t we are n[ speak+4 ,secondly1 x may be s und]/ood t ! ^w made det]m9es ! composition1 ) ?is mean+3 ,man 0 made ,god1 i4e4 x 0 br\ght ab\t t ,man is ,god4 ,& 9 ?is s5se bo? are true1 viz4 t ,man 0 made ,god & t ,god 0 made ,man4 ,b ?is is n ! prop] s5se ( ^! phrases2 unless1 inde$1 we are to und]/& t man has n a p]sonal b a simple supposition4 ,= al?\gh ?is man 0 n made ,god1 because ?is suppositum1 viz4 ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 0 et]nally ,god1 yet man1 speak+ commonly1 0 n always ,god4 ,?irdly1 prop]ly und]/ood1 ?is p>ticiple made atta*es mak+ to man ) relation to ,god1 z ! t]m ( ! mak+4 ,& 9 ?is s5se1 grant$ t ! ,p]son or hypo/asis 9 ,*ri/ are ! same z ! suppositum ( ,god & ,man1 z 0 %[n 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c71 ?is proposition is false1 because1 :5 x is said1 ,man 0 made ,god1 man has a p]sonal suppositum3 because1 to be ,god is n v]ifi$ ( ! ,man 9 ,8 human nature1 b 9 ,8 suppositum4 ,n[ ! suppositum ( human nature1 ( ,:om to be ,god is v]ifi$1 is ! same z ! hypo/asis or ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 ,:o 0 always ,god4 ,h5ce x _c be said t ?is ,man began to be ,god1 or is made ,god1 or t ,he 0 made ,god4 ,b if !re 7 a diff]5t hypo/asis ( ,god & man1 s t to be ,god 0 pr$icat$ ( ! man1 &1 conv]sely1 by reason ( a c]ta9 conjunction ( supposita1 or ( p]sonal dignity1 or ( affection or indwell+1 z ! ,ne/orians said1 !n ) equal reason might x be said t ,man 0 made ,god1 i4e4 jo9$ to ,god1 & t ,god 0 made ,man1 i4e4 jo9$ to man4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ^! words ( ! ,apo/le ! relative ,:o :i* ref]s to ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god ought n to be consid]$ z affect+ ! pr$icate1 z if someone already exi/+ ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle% 0 made ! ,son ( ,god--& x is 9 ?is s5se t ! objection takes x4 ,b x ought to be tak5 z affect+ ! subject1 ) ?is mean+--t ! ,son ( ,god 0 made to ,him 7'namely to ! honor ( ! ,fa!r1' z a gloss exp\nds x71 be+ ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%1 z if to say ! ,son ( ,god hav+ fle% ( ! se$ ( ,david to ! honor ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is say+ ( ,augu/9e is to be tak5 9 ! s5se t by ! assumption t took place 9 ! ,inc>nation x 0 br\ght ab\t t ,man is ,god & ,god is ,man2 & 9 ?is s5se bo? say+s are true z /at$ above4 ,! same is to be said 9 reply to ! ?ird1 s9ce to be deifi$ is ! same z to be made ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,a t]m plac$ 9 ! subject is tak5 mat]ially1 i4e4 = ! suppositum2 plac$ 9 ! pr$icate x is tak5 =mally1 i4e4 = ! nature signifi$4 ,h5ce :5 x is said t ,man 0 made ,god1 ! be+ made is n attribut$ to ! human nature b to ! suppositum ( ! human nature1 ,:i* is ,god f et]nity1 & h5ce x does n befit ,him to be made ,god4 ,b :5 x is said t ,god 0 made ,man1 ! mak+ is tak5 to be t]m9at$ 9 ! human nature4 ,h5ce1 prop]ly speak+1 ?is is true3 ,god 0 made ,man1 & ?is is false3 ,man 0 made ,god2 ev5 z if ,socrates1 :o 0 already a man1 7 made :ite1 & 7 po9t$ out1 ?is w\ld be true3 ,?is man 0 made :ite today1 & ?is w\ld be false2 ,?is :ite ?+ 0 made man today4 ,nev]!less1 if on ! "p ( ! subject !re is add$ "s ^w signify+ human nature 9 ! ab/ract1 x might be tak5 9 ?is way = ! subject ( ! mak+1 e4g4 if x 7 said t human nature 0 made ! ,son ( ,god's4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,?is ,is ,true3 ,*ri/ ,is a ,creature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is is true3 ,*ri/ is a creature4 ,= ,pope ,leo says 99,cf4 ,app5d4 ,opp4 ,augu/41 ,s]m4 xii de ,nativ43 ,a new & unhe>d ( cov5ant3 ,god ,:o is & 01 is made a creature4 ,n[ we may pr$icate ( ,*ri/ :atev] ! ,son ( ,god became by ! ,inc>nation4 ,!re=e ?is is true2 ,*ri/ is a creature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! prop]ties ( bo? natures may be pr$icat$ ( ! common hypo/asis ( bo? natures1 no matt] by :at ^w !y are signifi$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e74 ,b x is ! prop]ty ( human nature to be creat$1 z x is ! prop]ty ( ! ,div9e ,nature to be ,creator4 ,h5ce bo? may be said ( ,*ri/1 viz4 t ,he is a creature & t he is uncreat$ & ,creator4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! pr9cipal "p ( a man is ! s\l r ?an ! body4 ,b ,*ri/1 by reason ( ! body :i* ,he took f ! ,virg91 is said simply to be born ( ! ,virg94 ,!re=e by reason ( ! s\l :i* is creat$ by ,god1 x ought simply to be said t ,he is a creature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,tr94 i73 ,0 ,*ri/ made by a ^w8 ,0 ,*ri/ creat$ by a comm&8 z if to say3 ,no6 ,h5ce he adds3 ,h[ c !re be a creature 9 ,god8 ,= ,god has a simple n a composite ,nature4 ,!re=e x mu/ n be grant$ t ,*ri/ is a creature4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,j]ome 99,gloss1 ,ord4 9 ,osee #b3af says1 words spok5 amiss lead to h]esy2 h5ce ) u & h]etics ! v words ought n to be 9 common1 le/ we seem to c\nt5ance _! error4 ,n[ ! ,arian h]etics said t ,*ri/ 0 a creature & less ?an ! ,fa!r1 n only 9 ,8 human nature1 b ev5 9 ,8 ,div9e ,p]son4 ,& h5ce we mu/ n say absolutely t ,*ri/ is a creature or less ?an ! ,fa!r2 b ) a qualification1 viz4 9 ,8 human nature4 ,b su* ?+s z c\ld n be consid]$ to belong to ! ,div9e ,p]son 9 ,itself may be pr$icat$ simply ( ,*ri/ by reason ( ,8 human nature2 ?us we say simply t ,*ri/ suff]$1 di$ & 0 buri$3 ev5 z 9 corporeal & human be+s1 ?+s ( :i* we may d\bt :e!r !y belong to ! :ole or ! "p1 if !y are obs]v$ to exi/ 9 a "p1 are n pr$icat$ ( ! :ole simply1 i4e4 )\t qualification1 = we d n say t ! ,e?iopian is :ite b t he is :ite z reg>ds 8 tee?2 b we say )\t qualification t he is curly1 s9ce ?is c only belong to him z reg>ds 8 hair4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,sometimes1 = ! sake ( brevity1 ! holy doctors use ! ^w creature ( ,*ri/1 )\t any qualify+ t]m2 we %\ld h[ev] take z und]/ood ! qualification1 z man4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,all ! prop]ties ( ! human1 j z ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 may be pr$icat$ equally ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #d7 t ,*ri/ ,:o ,god & ,man1 is call$ creat$ & uncreat$1 passible & impassible4 ,nev]!less ?+s ( :i* we may d\bt to :at nature !y belong1 are n to be pr$icat$ )\t a qualification4 ,h5ce he aft]w>ds adds 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv1 #e7 t ! "o hypo/asis1 i4e4 ( ,*ri/1 is uncreat$ 9 its ,godhead & creat$ 9 its manhood3 ev5 s conv]sely1 we may n say )\t qualification1 ,*ri/ is incorporeal or impassible2 9 ord] to avoid ! error ( ,manes1 :o held t ,*ri/ _h n a true body1 nor truly suff]$1 b we mu/ say1 ) a qualification1 t ,*ri/ 0 incorporeal & impassible 9 ,8 ,godhead4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!re c be no d\bt h[ ! bir? f ! ,virg9 applies to ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 z !re c be 9 ! case ( creation2 & h5ce !re is no p>ity4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,?is ,man1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 ,began to ,be8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is ,man1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 began to be4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 cv 9 ,joan47 t be=e ! _w 01 nei!r 7 we1 nor ! ,m$iator ( ,god & m5--! ,man ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b :at 0 n always1 has begun to be4 ,!re=e ?is ,man1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 began to be4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ began to be ,man4 ,b to be man is to be simply4 ,!re=e ?is man began to be1 simply4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 man implies a suppositum ( human nature4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 n always a suppositum ( human nature4 ,!re=e ?is ,man began to be4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #ac3h73 ,jesus ,*ri/ ye/]day & today3 & ! same = ev]4 ,i answ] t1 ,we mu/ n say t ?is ,man--po9t+ to ,*ri/--began to be1 unless we add some?+4 ,& ?is = a tw(old reason4 ,fir/1 = ?is proposition is simply false1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,ca?olic ,fai?1 :i* affirms t 9 ,*ri/ !re is "o suppositum & "o hypo/asis1 z also "o ,p]son4 ,= accord+ to ?is1 :5 we say ?is ,man1 po9t+ to ,*ri/1 ! et]nal suppositum is necess>ily meant1 ) ,^: et]nity a beg9n+ 9 "t is incompatible4 ,h5ce ?is is false3 ,?is ,man began to be4 ,nor does x matt] t to beg9 to be ref]s to ! human nature1 :i* is signifi$ by ?is ^w man2 because ! t]m plac$ 9 ! subject is n tak5 =mally s z to signify ! nature1 b is tak5 mat]ially s z to signify ! suppositum1 z 0 said 7,a4 #a1 ad #d74 ,secondly1 because ev5 if ?is proposition 7 true1 x ought n to be made use ( )\t qualification2 9 ord] to avoid ! h]esy ( ,arius1 :o1 s9ce he pret5d$ t ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god is a creature1 & less ?an ! ,fa!r1 s he ma9ta9$ t ,he began to be1 say+ !re 0 a "t :5 ,he 0 n4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! words quot$ mu/ be qualifi$1 i4e4 we mu/ say t ! ,man ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 n1 be=e ! _w 01 9 ,8 humanity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,) ?is ^w beg9 we _c argue f ! l[] species to ! high]4 ,= x does n foll[ if ?is began to be :ite1 t !re=e x began to be color$4 ,& ?is because to beg9 implies be+ n[ & n h]et(ore3 = x does n foll[ if ?is 0 n :ite hi!rto t !re=e x 0 n color$ hi!rto4 ,n[1 to be simply is high] ?an to be man4 ,h5ce ?is does n foll[3 ,*ri/ began to be ,man--!re=e ,he began to be4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is ^w ,man1 z x is tak5 = ,*ri/1 al?\gh x signifies ! human nature1 :i* began to be1 nev]!less signifies ! et]nal suppositum :i* did n beg9 to be4 ,h5ce1 s9ce x signifies ! suppositum :5 plac$ 9 ! subject1 & ref]s to ! nature :5 plac$ 9 ! pr$icate1 !re=e ?is is false3 ,! ,man ,*ri/ began to be3 b ?is is true3 ,*ri/ began to be ,man4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ,?is ,is ,true3 ,*ri/ ,z ,man ,is a ,creature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is is false3 ,*ri/ z ,man is a creature1 or began to be4 ,= no?+ 9 ,*ri/ is creat$ except ! human nature4 ,b ?is is false3 ,*ri/ z ,man is ! human nature4 ,!re=e ?is is also false2 ,*ri/ z ,man is a creature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! pr$icate is pr$icat$ ( ! t]m plac$ 9 r$uplication1 r ?an ( ! subject ( ! proposition2 z :5 ,i say3 ,a body z color$ is visible1 x foll[s t ! color$ is visible4 ,b z /at$ 7,,aa4 #h1 #i7 we mu/ n absolutely grant t ! ,man ,*ri/ is a creature2 nor consequ5tly t ,*ri/ z ,man is a creature4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :atev] is pr$icat$ ( a man z man is pr$icat$ ( him p] se & simply1 = p] se is ! same z inasmu* z itself1 z is said ,metaph4 v1 text4 #bc4 ,b ?is is false3 ,*ri/ z ,man is p] se & simply a creature4 ,h5ce ?is1 too1 is false2 ,*ri/ z ,man is a creature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:atev] is1 is ei!r ,creator or creature4 ,b ?is is false3 ,*ri/ z ,man is ,creator4 ,!re=e ?is is true3 ,*ri/ z ,man is a creature4 ,i answ] t1 ,:5 we say ,*ri/ z ,man ?is ^w man may be add$ 9 ! r$uplication1 ei!r by reason ( ! suppositum or by reason ( ! nature4 ,if x be add$ by reason ( ! suppositum1 s9ce ! suppositum ( ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ is et]nal & uncreat$1 ?is w be false3 ,*ri/ z ,man is a creature4 ,b if x be add$ by reason ( ! human nature1 x is true1 s9ce by reason ( ! human nature or 9 ! human nature1 x belongs to ,him to be a creature1 z 0 said 7,a4 #h74 ,x mu/ h[ev] be borne 9 m9d t ! t]m cov]$ by ! r$uplication signifies ! nature r ?an ! suppositum1 s9ce x is add$ z a pr$icate1 :i* is tak5 =mally1 = x is ! same to say ,*ri/ z ,man & to say ,*ri/ z ,he is a ,man4 ,h5ce ?is is to be grant$ r ?an d5i$3 ,*ri/ z ,man is a creature4 ,b if some?+ fur!r be add$ :]eby ! t]m cov]$ by ! r$uplication is attract$ to ! suppositum1 ?is proposition is to be d5i$ r ?an grant$1 = in/ance 7 "o to say3 ,*ri/ z '?is' ,man is a creature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ is n ! human nature1 ,he has human nature4 ,n[ ! ^w creature is naturally pr$icat$ n only ( ab/ract1 b also ( concrete ?+s2 s9ce we say t manhood is a creature & t man is a creature4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,man z plac$ 9 ! subject ref]s to ! suppositum--& z plac$ 9 ! r$uplication ref]s to ! nature1 z 0 /at$ above4 ,& because ! nature is creat$ & ! suppositum uncreat$1 !re=e1 al?\gh x is n grant$ t ?is man is a creature1 yet x is grant$ t ,*ri/ z ,man is a creature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x belongs to e man :o is a suppositum ( human nature alone to h 8 be+ only 9 human nature4 ,h5ce ( e su* suppositum x foll[s t if x is a creature z man1 x is a creature simply4 ,b ,*ri/ is a suppositum n m]ely ( human nature1 b also ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 9 :i* ,he has an uncreat$ be+4 ,h5ce x does n foll[ t1 if ,he is a creature z ,man1 ,he is a creature simply4 ,,elev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #aa ,:e!r ,?is ,is ,true3 ,*ri/ ,z ,man ,is ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/1 z ,man1 is ,god4 ,= ,*ri/ is ,god by ! grace ( union4 ,b ,*ri/1 z ,man1 has ! grace ( union4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z ,man is ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to =give s9s is prop] to ,god1 accord+ to ,isa4 #dc3be3 ,i am ,he t blot out ?y iniquities = ,my own sake4 ,b ,*ri/ z ,man =gives s91 accord+ to ,matt4 #i3f3 ,b t y may "k t ! ,son ( ,man ha? p[] on e>? to =give s9s1 etc4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z ,man is ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is n ,man 9 common1 b is ?is p>ticul> ,man4 ,n[ ,*ri/1 z ?is ,man1 is ,god1 s9ce by ?is ,man we signify ! et]nal suppositum :i* is ,god naturally4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z ,man is ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:atev] belongs to ,*ri/ z ,man belongs to e man4 ,n[1 if ,*ri/ z ,man is ,god1 x foll[s t e man is ,god--:i* is cle>ly false4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is t]m man :5 plac$ 9 ! r$uplication may be tak5 9 two ways4 ,fir/ z ref]r+ to ! nature2 & 9 ?is way x is n true t ,*ri/ z ,man is ,god1 because ! human nature is di/9ct f ! ,div9e by a diff]5ce ( nature4 ,secondly x may be tak5 z ref]r+ to ! suppositum2 & 9 ?is way1 s9ce ! suppositum ( ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ is ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 to ,:om x ess5tially belongs to be ,god1 x is true t ,*ri/1 z ,man1 is ,god4 ,nev]!less because ! t]m plac$ 9 ! r$uplication signifies ! nature r ?an ! suppositum1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #aj71 h5ce ?is is to be d5i$ r ?an grant$3 ,*ri/ z ,man is ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is n ) reg>d to ! same1 t a ?+ moves t[>ds1 & t x is1 some?+2 = to move belongs to a ?+ because ( its matt] or subject--& to be 9 act belongs to x because ( its =m4 ,s too x is n ) reg>d to ! same1 t x belongs to ,*ri/ to be orda9$ to be ,god by ! grace ( union1 & to be ,god4 ,= ! fir/ belongs to ,him 9 ,8 human nature1 & ! second1 9 ,8 ,div9e ,nature4 ,h5ce ?is is true3 ,*ri/ z ,man has ! grace ( union2 yet n ?is3 ,*ri/ z ,man is ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,son ( ,man has on e>? ! p[] ( =giv+ s9s1 n by virtue ( ! human nature1 b by virtue ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 9 :i* ,div9e ,nature resides ! p[] ( =giv+ s9s au?oritatively2 :]eas 9 ! human nature x resides in/rum5tally & m9i/]ially4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om exp\nd+ ?is passage says 99,implicitly4 ,hom4 xxx 9 ,mat?2 cf4 ,/4 ,?omas1 ,cat5a ,aurea on ,mk4 #b3aj3 ,he said po9t$ly 'on e>? to =give s9s1' 9 ord] to %[ t by an indivisible union ,he unit$ human nature to ! p[] ( ! ,godhead1 s9ce al?\gh ,he 0 made ,man1 yet ,he rema9$ ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,:5 we say ?is man1 ! demon/rative pron\n ?is attracts man to ! suppositum2 & h5ce ,*ri/ z ?is ,man1 is ,god1 is a tru] proposition ?an ,*ri/ z ,man is ,god4 ,,twelf? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #af1 ,art4 #ab ,:e!r ,?is ,is ,true3 ,*ri/ ,z ,man ,is a ,hypo/asis or ,p]son8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ z ,man is a hypo/asis or p]son4 ,= :at belongs to e man belongs to ,*ri/ z ,man1 s9ce ,he is l o!r m5 accord+ to ,phil4 #b3g3 ,be+ made 9 ! lik5ess ( m54 ,b e man is a p]son4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z ,man is a p]son4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ z ,man is a sub/ance ( rational nature4 ,b ,he is n a univ]sal sub/ance3 !re=e ,he is an individual sub/ance4 ,n[ a p]son is no?+ else ?an an individual sub/ance ( rational nature2 z ,boe?ius says 7,de ,duab4 ,nat474 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z ,man is a p]son4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ z ,man is a be+ ( human nature1 & a suppositum & a hypo/asis ( ! same nature4 ,b e hypo/asis & suppositum & be+ ( human nature is a p]son4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z ,man is a p]son4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/ z ,man is n an et]nal p]son4 ,!re=e if ,*ri/ z ,man is a p]son x w\ld foll[ t 9 ,*ri/ !re are two p]sons--"o temporal & ! o!r et]nal1 :i* is errone\s1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #f2 ,q4 #d1 ,a4 #b74 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said 7,,aa4 #aj1 #aa71 ! t]m ,man plac$ 9 ! r$uplication may ref] ei!r to ! suppositum or to ! nature4 ,h5ce :5 x is said3 ,*ri/ z ,man is a p]son1 if x is tak5 z ref]r+ to ! suppositum1 x is cle> t ,*ri/ z ,man is a p]son1 s9ce ! suppositum ( human nature is no?+ else ?an ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b if x be tak5 z ref]r+ to ! nature1 x may be und]/ood 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 we may s und]/& x z if x belong$ to human nature to be 9 a p]son1 & 9 ?is way x is true1 = :atev] subsi/s 9 human nature is a p]son4 ,secondly x may be tak5 t 9 ,*ri/ a prop] p]sonality1 caus$ by ! pr9ciples ( ! human nature1 is due to ! human nature2 & 9 ?is way ,*ri/ z ,man is n a p]son1 s9ce ! human nature does n exi/ ( itself ap>t f ! ,div9e ,nature1 & yet ! notion ( p]son requires ?is4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x belongs to e man to be a p]son1 inasmu* z ev]y?+ subsi/+ 9 human nature is a p]son4 ,n[ ?is is prop] to ! ,man ,*ri/ t ! ,p]son subsi/+ 9 ,8 human nature is n caus$ by ! pr9ciples ( ! human nature1 b is et]nal4 ,h5ce 9 "o way ,he is a p]son1 z ,man2 & 9 ano!r way ,he is n1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! individual sub/ance1 :i* is includ$ 9 ! def9ition ( a p]son1 implies a complete sub/ance subsi/+ ( itself & sep>ate f all else2 o!rwise1 a man's h& might be call$ a p]son1 s9ce x is an individual sub/ance2 nev]!less1 because x is an individual sub/ance exi/+ 9 some?+ else1 x _c be call$ a p]son2 nor1 = ! same reason1 c ! human nature 9 ,*ri/1 al?\gh x may be call$ some?+ individual & s+ul>4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z a p]son signifies some?+ complete & self-subsi/+ 9 rational nature1 s a hypo/asis1 suppositum1 & be+ ( nature 9 ! g5us ( sub/ance1 signify some?+ t subsi/s ( itself4 ,h5ce1 z human nature is n ( itself a p]son ap>t f ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 s likewise x is n ( itself a hypo/asis or suppositum or a be+ ( nature4 ,h5ce 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we d5y t ,*ri/ z ,man is a p]son we mu/ d5y all ! o!r propositions4 ,,"q #ag ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,unity ,,( ,,be+ 7,9 ,two ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] :at p]ta9s to ,*ri/'s unity 9 common4 ,=1 9 _! prop] place1 we mu/ consid] :at p]ta9s to unity & plurality 9 detail3 ?us we conclud$ 7,q4 #i7 t !re is n only "o k 9 ,*ri/1 & x w be conclud$ h]eaft] 7,q4 #ce1 ,a4 #b7 t !re is n only "o nativity 9 ,*ri/4 ,h5ce we mu/ consid] ,*ri/'s unity 7#a7 ( be+2 7#b7 ( w2 7#c7 ( op]ation4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are two po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ is "o or two8 7#b7 ,:e!r !re is only "o be+ 9 ,*ri/8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ag1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,is ,"o or ,two8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ is n "o1 b two4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #g73 ,because ! =m ( ,god took ! =m ( a s]vant1 bo? are ,god by reason ( ,god ,:o assum$1 yet bo? are ,man by reason ( ! man assum$4 ,n[ bo? may only be said :5 !re are two4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is two4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :]e !re is "o ?+ & ano!r !re are two4 ,n[ ,*ri/ is "o ?+ & ano!r2 = ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xxxv73 ,be+ 9 ! =m ( ,god 4 4 4 ,he took ! =m ( a s]vant 4 4 4 be+ bo? 9 "o2 b ,he 0 "o ( ^! z ,^w1 & ! o!r z man4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is two4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is n only man2 =1 if ,he 7 a m]e man1 ,he w\ld n be ,god4 ,!re=e ,he is some?+ else ?an man1 & ?us 9 ,*ri/ !re is "o ?+ & ano!r4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is two4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is some?+ t ! ,fa!r is1 & some?+ t ! ,fa!r is n4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is "o ?+ & ano!r4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is two4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 z 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity !re are ?ree ,p]sons 9 "o ,nature1 s 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation !re are two natures 9 "o ,p]son4 ,b on acc\nt ( ! unity ( ! ,nature1 not)/&+ ! di/9ction ( ,p]son1 ! ,fa!r & ,son are "o1 accord+ to ,john #aj3cj3 ,i & ! ,fa!r are "o4 ,!re=e1 not)/&+ ! unity ( ,p]son1 ,*ri/ is two on acc\nt ( ! duality ( nature4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 ! ,philosoph] says 7,phys4 iii1 text4 #ah7 t "o & two are pr$icat$ d5om9atively4 ,n[ ,*ri/ has a duality ( nature4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is two4 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 z accid5tal =m makes a ?+ o!rwise 7alt]um7 s does sub/antial =m make ano!r ?+ 7aliud7 z ,porphyry says 7,pra$ic474 ,n[ 9 ,*ri/ !re are two sub/antial natures1 ! human & ! ,div9e4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is "o ?+ & ano!r4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is two4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,boe?ius says 7,de ,duab4 ,nat473 ,:atev] is1 inasmu* z x is1 is "o4 ,b we confess t ,*ri/ is4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is "o4 ,i answ] t1 ,nature1 consid]$ 9 itself1 z x is us$ 9 ! ab/ract1 _c truly be pr$icat$ ( ! suppositum or p]son1 except 9 ,god1 9 ,:om :at x is & :]eby x is d n diff]1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #bi1 ,a4 #d1 ad #a74 ,b 9 ,*ri/1 s9ce !re are two natures1 viz4 ! ,div9e & ! human1 "o ( !m1 viz4 ! ,div9e1 may be pr$icat$ ( ,him bo? 9 ! ab/ract & 9 ! concrete1 = we say t ! ,son ( ,god1 ,:o is signifi$ by ! ^w ,*ri/1 is ! ,div9e ,nature & is ,god4 ,b ! human nature _c be pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ab/ract1 b only 9 ! concrete1 i4e4 z x is signifi$ by ! suppositum4 ,= we _c truly say t ,*ri/ is human nature1 because human nature is n naturally pr$icat$ ( its suppositum4 ,b we say t ,*ri/ is a man1 ev5 z ,*ri/ is ,god4 ,n[ ,god signifies "o hav+ ! ,godhead1 & man signifies "o hav+ manhood4 ,yet "o hav+ manhood is diff]5tly signifi$ by ! ^w man & by ! ^w ,jesus or ,pet]4 ,= ?is ^w man implies "o hav+ manhood indi/9ctly1 ev5 z ! ^w ,god implies indi/9ctly "o hav+ ! ,godhead2 b ! ^w ,pet] or ,jesus implies "o hav+ manhood di/9ctly1 i4e4 ) its det]m9ate individual prop]ties1 z ,son ( ,god implies "o hav+ ! ,godhead "u a det]m9ate p]sonal prop]ty4 ,n[ ! dual numb] is plac$ 9 ,*ri/ ) reg>d to ! natures4 ,h5ce1 if bo? ! natures 7 pr$icat$ 9 ! ab/ract ( ,*ri/1 x w\ld foll[ t ,*ri/ is two4 ,b because ! two natures are n pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/1 except z !y are signifi$ 9 ! suppositum1 x mu/ be by reason ( ! suppositum t "o or two be pr$icat$ ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ "s plac$ two supposita 9 ,*ri/1 & "o ,p]son1 :i*1 9 _! op9ion1 w\ld seem to be ! suppositum complet$ ) its f9al completion4 ,h5ce1 s9ce !y plac$ two supposita 9 ,*ri/1 !y said t ,god is two1 9 ! neut]4 ,b because !y ass]t$ "o ,p]son1 !y said t ,*ri/ is "o1 9 ! mascul9e1 = ! neut] g5d] signifies some?+ un=m$ & imp]fect1 :]eas ! mascul9e signifies some?+ =m$ & p]fect4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,ne/orians1 :o ass]t$ two ,p]sons 9 ,*ri/1 said t ,*ri/ is two n only 9 ! neut]1 b also 9 ! mascul9e4 ,b s9ce we ma9ta9 "o p]son & "o suppositum 9 ,*ri/1 z is cle> f ,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c1 x foll[s t we say t ,*ri/ is "o n m]ely 9 ! mascul9e1 b also 9 ! neut]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is say+ ( ,augu/9e is n to be tak5 z if bo? ref]r$ to ! pr$icate1 s z to mean t ,*ri/ is bo?2 b x ref]s to ! subject4 ,& ?us bo? does n /& = two supposita1 b = two words signify+ two natures 9 ! concrete4 ,= ,i c say t bo?1 viz4 ,god & ,man1 are ,god on acc\nt ( ,god ,:o assumes2 & bo?1 viz4 ,god & ,man1 are ,man on acc\nt ( ! man assum$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:5 x is said t ,*ri/ is "o ?+ & ano!r1 ?is say+ is to be expla9$ 9 ?is s5se--hav+ ?is nature & ano!r4 ,& x is 9 ?is way t ,augu/9e expla9s x 7,contra ,felic4 xi71 :]e1 aft] say+1 ,9 ! m$iator ( ,god & man1 ! ,son ( ,god is "o ?+1 & ! ,son ( ,man ano!r1 he adds3 ,i say ano!r ?+ by reason ( ! diff]5ce ( sub/ance1 & n ano!r ?+ by reason ( ! unity ( p]son4 ,h5ce ,gregory ,nazianz5 says 7,ep4 ad ,*elid4 ci73 ,if we mu/ speak briefly1 t ( :i* ! ,savi\r is1 is "o ?+ & ano!r2 ?us ! invisible is n ! same z ! visible2 & :at is )\t "t is n ! same z :at is 9 "t4 ,yet !y are n "o & ano!r3 f> f x2 = bo? ^! are "o4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is is false1 ,*ri/ is only man2 because x does n exclude ano!r suppositum1 b ano!r nature1 s9ce t]ms plac$ 9 ! pr$icate are tak5 =mally4 ,b if any?+ is add$ :]eby x is drawn to ! suppositum1 x w\ld be a true proposition--= in/ance1 ,*ri/ is only t :i* is man4 ,nev]!less1 x w\ld n foll[ t ,he is any o!r ?+ ?an man1 because ano!r ?+1 inasmu* z x ref]s to a div]sity ( sub/ance1 prop]ly ref]s to ! suppositum1 ev5 z all relative ?+s be>+ a p]sonal relation4 ,b x does foll[3 ,!re=e ,he has ano!r nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,:5 x is said1 ,*ri/ is some?+ t ! ,fa!r is2 some?+ signifies ! ,div9e ,nature1 :i* is pr$icat$ ev5 9 ! ab/ract ( ! ,fa!r & ,son4 ,b :5 x is said3 ,*ri/ is some?+ t is n ! ,fa!r2 some?+ signifies1 n ! human nature z x is 9 ! ab/ract1 b z x is 9 ! concrete2 n1 inde$1 9 a di/9ct1 b 9 an indi/9ct suppositum1 i4e4 inasmu* z x und]lies ! nature & n ! individuat+ prop]ties4 ,h5ce x does n foll[ t ,*ri/ is "o ?+ & ano!r1 or t ,he is two1 s9ce ! suppositum ( ! human nature 9 ,*ri/1 :i* is ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 does n reckon num]ically ) ! ,div9e ,nature1 :i* is pr$icat$ ( ! ,fa!r & ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,9 ! my/]y ( ! ,div9e ,tr9ity ! ,div9e ,nature is pr$icat$1 ev5 9 ! ab/ract ( ! ?ree ,p]sons2 h5ce x may be said simply t ! ?ree ,p]sons are "o4 ,b 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation bo? natures are n pr$icat$ 9 ! ab/ract ( ,*ri/2 h5ce x _c be said simply t ,*ri/ is two4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,two signifies :at has duality1 n 9 ano!r1 b 9 ! same ?+ ( :i* two is pr$icat$4 ,n[ :at is pr$icat$ is said ( ! suppositum1 :i* is impli$ by ! ^w ,*ri/4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh ,*ri/ has duality ( nature1 yet1 because ,he has n duality ( suppositum1 x _c be said t ,*ri/ is two4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,o!rwise implies div]sity ( accid5t4 ,h5ce div]sity ( accid5t suffices = any?+ to be call$ o!rwise simply4 ,b ano!r ?+ implies div]sity ( sub/ance4 ,n[ n m]ely ! nature1 b also ! suppositum is said to be a sub/ance1 z is said ,metaph4 v1 text4 #ae4 ,h5ce div]sity ( nature does n suffice = any?+ to be call$ ano!r ?+ simply1 unless !re is div]sity ( suppositum4 ,b div]sity ( nature makes ano!r ?+ relatively1 i4e4 9 nature1 if !re is no div]sity ( suppositum4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ag1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,!re ,is ,only ,"o ,be+ 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re is n m]ely "o be+1 b two4 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ac7 t :atev] foll[s ! nature is d\bl$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,b be+ foll[s ! nature1 = be+ is f ! =m4 ,h5ce 9 ,*ri/ !re are two be+s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! be+ ( ! ,son ( ,god is ! ,div9e ,nature itself1 & is et]nal3 :]eas ! be+ ( ! ,man ,*ri/ is n ! ,div9e ,nature1 b is a temporal be+4 ,!re=e !re is n only "o be+ 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! ,tr9ity1 al?\gh !re are ?ree ,p]sons1 yet on acc\nt ( ! unity ( nature !re is only "o be+4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re are two natures1 ?\gh !re is "o ,p]son4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re is n only "o be+4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 9 ,*ri/ ! s\l gives "s be+ to ! body1 s9ce x is its =m4 ,b x does n give ! ,div9e be+1 s9ce ?is is uncreat$4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re is ano!r be+ besides ! ,div9e be+2 & ?us 9 ,*ri/ !re is n only "o be+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ev]y?+ is said to be a be+1 inasmu* z x is "o1 = "o & be+ are conv]tible4 ,!re=e1 if !re 7 two be+s 9 ,*ri/1 & n "o only1 ,*ri/ w\ld be two1 & n "o4 ,i answ] t1 ,because 9 ,*ri/ !re are two natures & "o hypo/asis1 x foll[s t ?+s belong+ to ! nature 9 ,*ri/ mu/ be two2 & t ^? belong+ to ! hypo/asis 9 ,*ri/ mu/ be only "o4 ,n[ be+ p]ta9s bo? to ! nature & to ! hypo/asis2 to ! hypo/asis z to t :i* has be+--& to ! nature z to t :]eby x has be+4 ,= nature is tak5 aft] ! mann] ( a =m1 :i* is said to be a be+ because some?+ is by x2 z by :it5ess a ?+ is :ite1 & by manhood a ?+ is man4 ,n[ x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t if !re is a =m or nature :i* does n p]ta9 to ! p]sonal be+ ( ! subsi/+ hypo/asis1 ?is be+ is n said to belong to ! p]son simply1 b relatively2 z to be :ite is ! be+ ( ,socrates1 n z he is ,socrates1 b inasmu* z he is :ite4 ,& !re is no reason :y ?is be+ %\ld n be multipli$ 9 "o hypo/asis or p]son2 = ! be+ :]eby ,socrates is :ite is di/9ct f ! be+ :]eby he is a musician4 ,b ! be+ :i* belongs to ! v hypo/asis or p]son 9 itself _c possibly be multipli$ 9 "o hypo/asis or p]son1 s9ce x is impossible t !re %\ld n be "o be+ = "o ?+4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! human nature accru$ to ! ,son ( ,god1 n hypo/atically or p]sonally1 b accid5tally1 z "s ma9ta9$1 x w\ld be necess>y to ass]t two be+s 9 ,*ri/--"o1 inasmu* z ,he is ,god--! o!r1 inasmu* z ,he is ,man2 ev5 z 9 ,socrates we place "o be+ inasmu* z he is :ite1 & ano!r inasmu* z he is a man1 s9ce be+ :ite does n p]ta9 to ! p]sonal be+ ( ,socrates4 ,b be+ possess$ ( a head1 be+ corporeal1 be+ animat$--all ^! p]ta9 to ! "o p]son ( ,socrates1 & h5ce !re arises f ^! only ! "o be+ ( ,socrates4 ,& if x s happ5$ t aft] ! p]son ( ,socrates 0 con/itut$ !re accru$ to him h&s or feet or eyes1 z happ5$ to him :o 0 born bl9d1 no new be+ w\ld be !reby add$ to ,socrates1 b only a relation to ^!1 i4e4 inasmu* z he w\ld be said to be1 n only ) ref]5ce to :at he _h previ\sly1 b also ) ref]5ce to :at accru$ to him aft]w>ds4 ,& ?us1 s9ce ! human nature is unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god1 hypo/atically or p]sonally z 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #e1 #f71 & n accid5tally1 x foll[s t by ! human nature !re accru$ to ,him no new p]sonal be+1 b only a new relation ( ! pre-exi/+ p]sonal be+ to ! human nature1 9 su* a way t ! ,p]son is said to subsi/ n m]ely 9 ! ,div9e1 b also 9 ! human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,be+ is consequ5t ^u nature1 n z ^u t :i* has be+1 b z ^u t :]eby a ?+ is3 :]eas x is consequ5t ^u p]son or hypo/asis1 z ^u t :i* has be+4 ,h5ce x has unity f ! unity ( hypo/asis1 r ?an duality f ! duality ( ! nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! et]nal be+ ( ! ,son ( ,god1 :i* is ! ,div9e ,nature1 becomes ! be+ ( man1 inasmu* z ! human nature is assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god to unity ( ,p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ej1 ,a4 #b1 ad #c2 ,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #e1 ad #d71 s9ce ! ,div9e ,p]son is ! same z ! ,nature1 !re is no di/9ction 9 ! ,div9e ,p]sons betwe5 ! be+ ( ! ,p]son & ! be+ ( ! ,nature1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! ?ree ,p]sons h only "o be+4 ,b !y w\ld h a triple be+ if ! be+ ( ! ,p]son 7 di/9ct 9 !m f ! be+ ( ! ,nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,9 ,*ri/ ! s\l gives be+ to ! body1 inasmu* z x makes x actually animat$1 :i* is to give x ! complem5t ( its nature & species4 ,b if we consid] ! body p]fect$ by ! s\l1 )\t ! hypo/asis hav+ bo?--?is :ole1 compos$ ( s\l & body1 z signifi$ by ! ^w humanity1 does n signify :at is1 b :]eby x is4 ,h5ce be+ belongs to ! subsi/+ p]son1 inasmu* z x has a relation to su* a nature1 & ( ?is relation ! s\l is ! cause1 inasmu* z x p]fects human nature by in=m+ ! body4 ,,"q #ah ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,unity ,,( ,,w 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] unity z reg>ds ! w2 & "u ?is head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! ,div9e w & ! human are di/9ct 9 ,*ri/8 7#b7 ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/'s human nature ! w ( s5suality is di/9ct f ! w ( reason8 7#c7 ,:e!r z reg>ds ! reason !re 7 sev]al wills 9 ,*ri/8 7#d7 ,:e!r !re 0 free-w 9 ,*ri/8 7#e7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s human w 0 always con=m$ to ! ,div9e w 9 ! ?+ will$8 7#f7 ,:e!r !re 0 any contr>iety ( wills 9 ,*ri/8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ah1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,!re ,are ,two ,wills 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re are n two wills1 "o ,div9e1 ! o!r human4 ,= ! w is ! fir/ mov] & fir/ comm&] 9 :oev] wills4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ ! fir/ mov] & comm&] 0 ! ,div9e w1 s9ce 9 ,*ri/ ev]y?+ human 0 mov$ by ! ,div9e w4 ,h5ce x seems t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 only "o w1 viz4 ! ,div9e4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 an in/rum5t is n mov$ by its own w b by ! w ( its mov]4 ,n[ ! human nature ( ,*ri/ 0 ! in/rum5t ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,h5ce ! human nature ( ,*ri/ 0 n mov$ by its own w1 b by ! ,div9e w4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 t alone is multipli$ 9 ,*ri/ :i* belongs to ! nature4 ,b ! w does n seem to p]ta9 to nature3 = natural ?+s are ( necessity2 :]eas :at is volunt>y is n ( necessity4 ,!re=e !re is b "o w 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ad7 t to w 9 ?is or t way belongs n to our nature b to our intellect1 i4e4 our p]sonal intellect4 ,b e w is ?is or t w1 s9ce !re is no?+ 9 a g5us :i* is n at ! same "t 9 "s "o ( its species4 ,!re=e all w belongs to ! p]son4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 & is b "o p]son4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re is only "o w4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l says 7,luke #bb3db73 ,fa!r1 if ,?\ wilt1 remove ?is *alice f ,me4 ,b yet n ,my w b ,?9e be done4 ,& ,ambrose1 quot+ ?is to ! ,emp]or ,gratian 7,de ,fide ii1 #g7 says3 ,z ,he assum$ my w1 ,he assum$ my sorr[2 & on ,luke #bb3db he says3 ,8 w1 ,he ref]s to ! ,man--! ,fa!r's1 to ! ,godhead4 ,= ! w ( man is temporal1 & ! w ( ! ,godhead et]nal4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s plac$ only "o w 9 ,*ri/2 b !y seem to h _h diff]5t motives = hold+ ?is4 ,= ,apoll9>is did n hold an intellectual s\l 9 ,*ri/1 b ma9ta9$ t ! ,^w 0 9 place ( ! s\l1 or ev5 9 place ( ! intellect4 ,h5ce s9ce ! w is 9 ! reason1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,anima iii1 #i71 x foll[$ t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no human w2 & ?us !re 0 only "o w 9 ,him4 ,s1 too1 ,euty*es & all :o held "o composite nature 9 ,*ri/ 7 =c$ to place "o w 9 ,him4 ,ne/orius1 too1 :o ma9ta9$ t ! union ( ,god & man 0 "o ( affection & w1 held only "o w 9 ,*ri/4 ,b lat] on1 ,mac>ius1 ,patri>* ( ,antio*1 ,cyrus ( ,alex&ria1 & ,s]gius ( ,con/ant9ople & "s ( _! foll[]s1 held t !re is "o w 9 ,*ri/1 al?\gh !y held t 9 ,*ri/ !re are two natures unit$ 9 a hypo/asis2 because !y believ$ t ,*ri/'s human nature nev] mov$ ) its own motion1 b only inasmu* z x 0 mov$ by ! ,godhead1 z is pla9 f ! synodical lett] ( ,pope ,aga?o 99,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,act4 #d4 ,& h5ce 9 ! six? ,c\ncil held at ,con/ant9ople 99,act4 #ah x 0 decre$ t x mu/ be said t !re are two wills 9 ,*ri/1 9 ! foll[+ passage3 ,9 accordance ) :at ! ,prophets ( old taught u conc]n+ ,*ri/1 & z ,he taught u ,himself1 & ! ,symbol ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs has h&$ d[n to u1 we confess two natural wills 9 ,him & two natural op]ations4 ,& ?is mu* x 0 necess>y to say4 ,= x is manife/ t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ a p]fect human nature1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #e2 ,q4 #i1 ,a4 #a74 ,n[ ! w p]ta9s to ! p]fection ( human nature1 be+ "o ( its natural p[]s1 ev5 z ! intellect1 z 0 /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,,qq4 #gi1 #hj74 ,h5ce we mu/ say t ! ,son ( ,god assum$ a human w1 toge!r ) human nature4 ,n[ by ! assumption ( human nature ! ,son ( ,god suff]$ no dim9ution ( :at p]ta9s to ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 to :i* x belongs to h a w1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ai1 ,a4 #a74 ,h5ce x mu/ be said t !re are two wills 9 ,*ri/1 i4e4 "o human1 ! o!r ,div9e4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:atev] 0 9 ! human nature ( ,*ri/ 0 mov$ at ! bidd+ ( ! ,div9e w2 yet x does n foll[ t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no movem5t ( ! w prop] to human nature1 = ! good wills ( o!r sa9ts are mov$ by ,god's w1 ,:o worke? 9 !m bo? to w & to accompli%1 z is writt5 ,phil4 #b3ac4 ,= al?\gh ! w _c be inw>dly mov$ by any creature1 yet x c be mov$ inw>dly by ,god1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #aje1 ,a4 #d74 ,& ?us1 too1 ,*ri/ by ,8 human w foll[$ ! ,div9e w accord+ to ,ps4 #ci3i2 ,t ,i %\ld d ,?y w1 ,o my ,god1 ,i h desir$ x4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,maxim4 ii1 #bj73 ,:]e ! ,son says to ! ,fa!r1 ',n :at ,i w1 b :at ,?\ wille/1' :at d y ga9 by add+ y\r own words & say+ ',he %[s t ,8 w 0 truly subject to ,8 ,fa!r1' z if we d5i$ t man's w ought to be subject to ,god's w8 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x is prop] to an in/rum5t to be mov$ by ! pr9cipal ag5t1 yet div]sely1 accord+ to ! prop]ty ( its nature4 ,= an inanimate in/rum5t1 z an axe or a saw1 is mov$ by ! craftsman ) only a corporeal movem5t2 b an in/rum5t animat$ by a s5sitive s\l is mov$ by ! s5sitive appetite1 z a horse by its rid]2 & an in/rum5t animat$ ) a rational s\l is mov$ by its w1 z by ! comm& ( 8 "l ! s]vant is mov$ to act1 ! s]vant be+ l an animate in/rum5t1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,polit4 i1 #b1 #d2 ,e?ic4 viii1 #aa74 ,& h5ce x 0 9 ?is mann] t ! human nature ( ,*ri/ 0 ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead1 & 0 mov$ by its own w4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! p[] ( ! w is natural1 & necess>ily foll[s ^u ! nature2 b ! movem5t or act ( ?is p[]--:i* is also call$ w--is sometimes natural & necess>y1 e4g4 ) respect to beatitude2 & sometimes spr+s f free-w & is nei!r necess>y nor natural1 z is pla9 f :at has be5 /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aj1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b7 99,cf4 ,i1 ,q4 #hb1 ,a4 #b4 ,& yet ev5 reason itself1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( ?is movem5t1 is natural4 ,h5ce besides ! ,div9e w x is necess>y to place 9 ,*ri/ a human w1 n m]ely z a natural p[]1 or a natural movem5t1 b ev5 z a rational movem5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,:5 we say to w 9 a c]ta9 way1 we signify a det]m9ate mode ( will+4 ,n[ a det]m9ate mode reg>ds ! ?+ ( :i* x is ! mode4 ,h5ce s9ce ! w p]ta9s to ! nature1 to w 9 a c]ta9 way belongs to ! nature1 n inde$ consid]$ absolutely1 b z x is 9 ! hypo/asis4 ,h5ce ! human w ( ,*ri/ _h a det]m9ate mode f ! fact ( be+ 9 a ,div9e hypo/asis1 i4e4 x 0 always mov$ 9 accordance ) ! bidd+ ( ! ,div9e w4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ah1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,0 a ,w ( ,s5suality ,besides ! ,w ( ,reason8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no w ( s5suality besides ! w ( reason4 ,= ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,anima iii1 text4 #db7 t ! w is 9 ! reason1 & 9 ! s5sitive appetite are ! irascible & concupiscible p>ts4 ,n[ s5suality signifies ! s5sitive appetite4 ,h5ce 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no w ( s5suality4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,de ,tr94 xii1 #ab1 #ac7 ! s5suality is signifi$ by ! s]p5t4 ,b !re 0 no?+ s]p5t-l 9 ,*ri/2 = ,he _h ! lik5ess ( a v5om\s animal )\t ! v5om1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pecc4 ,m]it4 et ,remiss4 i1 #cb74 ,h5ce 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no w ( s5suality4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 w is consequ5t ^u nature1 z 0 said 7,a4 #a74 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 only "o nature besides ! ,div9e4 ,h5ce 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 only "o human w4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,fide ii1 #g73 ,m9e is ! w :i* ,he calls ,8 own2 because z ,man ,he assum$ my sorr[4 ,f ?is we are giv5 to und]/& t sorr[ p]ta9s to ! human w ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ sorr[ p]ta9s to ! s5suality1 z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #bc1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #be1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e1 seem+ly1 9 ,*ri/ !re is a w ( s5suality besides ! w ( reason4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said 7,q4 #i1 ,a4 #a71 ! ,son ( ,god assum$ human nature toge!r ) ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to ! p]fection ( human nature4 ,n[ 9 human nature is includ$ animal nature1 z ! g5us 9 its species4 ,h5ce ! ,son ( ,god mu/ h assum$ toge!r ) ! human nature :atev] belongs to animal nature2 "o ( :i* ?+s is ! s5sitive appetite1 :i* is call$ ! s5suality4 ,consequ5tly x mu/ be all[$ t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 a s5sual appetite1 or s5suality4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t s5suality or ! s5sual appetite1 inasmu* z x naturally obeys reason1 is said to be rational by p>ticipation1 z is cle> f ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 i1 #ac74 ,& because ! w is 9 ! reason1 z /at$ above1 x may equally be said t ! s5suality is a w by p>ticipation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t is bas$ on ! w1 ess5tially s call$1 :i* is only 9 ! intellectual "p2 b ! w by p>ticipation c be 9 ! s5sitive "p1 inasmu* z x obeys reason4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! s5suality is signifi$ by ! s]p5t--n z reg>ds ! nature ( ! s5suality1 :i* ,*ri/ assum$1 b z reg>ds ! corruption ( ! fomes1 :i* 0 n 9 ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,:]e !re is "o ?+ on acc\nt ( ano!r1 !re seems to be only "o 7,ari/otle1 ,topic4 iii72 ?us a surface :i* is visible by color is "o visible ?+ ) ! color4 ,s1 too1 because ! s5suality is call$ ! w1 only because x p>takes ( ! rational w1 !re is said to be b "o human w 9 ,*ri/1 ev5 z !re is b "o human nature4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ah1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,7 ,two ,wills ,z ,reg>ds ! ,reason8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 two wills z reg>ds ! reason4 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 ii1 #bb7 t !re is a d\ble w 9 man1 viz4 ! natural w :i* is call$ !lesis1 & ! rational w :i* is call$ b\lesis4 ,n[ ,*ri/ 9 ,8 human nature _h :atev] belongs to ! p]fection ( human nature4 ,h5ce bo? ! =ego+ wills 7 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! appetitive p[] is div]sifi$ 9 man by ! diff]5ce ( ! appreh5sive p[]1 & h5ce accord+ to ! diff]5ce ( s5se & intellect is ! diff]5ce ( s5sitive & intellective appetite 9 man4 ,b 9 ! same way z reg>ds man's appreh5sion1 we hold ! diff]5ce ( reason & intellect2 bo? ( :i* 7 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e !re 0 a d\ble w 9 ,him1 "o intellectual & ! o!r rational4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 "s 99,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor1 ,de ,quat4 ,volunt4 ,*ri/4 ascribe to ,*ri/ a w ( piety1 :i* c only be on ! "p ( reason4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ on ! "p ( reason !re are sev]al wills4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,9 e ord] !re is "o fir/ mov]4 ,b ! w is ! fir/ mov] 9 ! g5us ( human acts4 ,!re=e 9 "o man !re is only "o w1 prop]ly speak+1 :i* is ! w ( reason4 ,b ,*ri/ is "o man4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re is only "o human w4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c71 ! w is sometimes tak5 = ! p[]1 & sometimes = ! act4 ,h5ce if ! w is tak5 = ! act1 x is necess>y to place two wills1 i4e4 two species ( acts ( ! w 9 ,*ri/ on ! "p ( ! reason4 ,= ! w1 z 0 said 9 ! ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #h1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c1 reg>ds bo? ! end & ! means2 & is affect$ diff]5tly t[>ds bo?4 ,= t[>ds ! end x is borne simply & absolutely1 z t[>ds :at is good 9 itself2 b t[>ds ! means x is borne "u a c]ta9 relation1 z ! goodness ( ! means dep5ds on some?+ else4 ,h5ce ! act ( ! w1 inasmu* z x is drawn to any?+ desir$ ( itself1 z heal?1 :i* act is call$ by ,damasc5e !lesis--i4e4 simple w1 & by ! ma/]s w z nature1 is diff]5t f ! act ( ! w z x is drawn to any?+ t is desir$ only 9 ord] to some?+ else1 z to take m$ic9e2 & ?is act ( ! w ,damasc5e calls b\lesis--i4e4 c\nsel+ w1 & ! ma/]s1 w z reason4 ,b ?is div]sity ( acts does n div]sify ! p[]1 s9ce bo? acts reg>d ! "o common ratio ( ! object1 :i* is goodness4 ,h5ce we mu/ say t if we are speak+ ( ! p[] ( ! w1 9 ,*ri/ !re is b "o human w1 ess5tially s call$ & n by p>ticipation2 b if we are speak+ ( ! w z an act1 we ?us di/+ui% 9 ,*ri/ a w z nature1 :i* is call$ !lesis1 & a w z reason1 :i* is call$ b\lesis4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^! two wills d n div]sify ! p[] b only ! act1 z we h said4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! intellect & ! reason are n di/9ct p[]s1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #gi1 ,a4 #h74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! w ( piety w\ld n seem to be di/9ct f ! w consid]$ z nature1 inasmu* z x %r9ks f ano!r's evil1 absolutely consid]$4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ah1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,free-w 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no free-w4 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ad7 t gnome1 i4e4 op9ion1 ?9k+ or cogitation1 & proairesis1 i4e4 *oice1 _c possibly be attribut$ to our ,"l1 if we wi% to speak ) propriety4 ,b 9 ! ?+s ( fai? especially we mu/ speak ) propriety4 ,!re=e !re 0 no *oice 9 ,*ri/ & consequ5tly no free-w1 ( :i* *oice is ! act4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 iii1 #b7 t *oice is a desire ( some?+ aft] tak+ c\nsel4 ,n[ c\nsel does n appe> to be 9 ,*ri/1 because we d n take c\nsel conc]n+ su* ?+s z we are c]ta9 (4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 c]ta9 ( ev]y?+4 ,h5ce !re 0 no c\nsel & consequ5tly no free-w 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 free-w is indiff]5t4 ,b ,*ri/'s w 0 det]m9$ to good1 s9ce ,he c\ld n s92 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ae1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,h5ce !re 0 no free-w 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #g3ae73 ,he %all eat butt] & honey1 t ,he may "k to refuse ! evil & to *oose ! good1 :i* is an act ( ! free-w4 ,!re=e !re 0 free-w 9 ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #c71 !re 0 a tw(old act ( ! w 9 ,*ri/2 "o :]eby ,he 0 drawn to any?+ will$ 9 itself1 :i* implies ! nature ( an end2 ! o!r :]eby ,8 w 0 drawn to any?+ will$ on acc\nt ( its be+ orda9$ to ano!r--:i* p]ta9s to ! nature ( means4 ,n[1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 iii1 #b7 *oice diff]s f w 9 ?is1 t w ( itself reg>ds ! end1 :ile *oice reg>ds ! means4 ,& ?us simple w is ! same z ! w z nature2 b *oice is ! same z ! w z reason1 & is ! prop] act ( free-w1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #hc1 ,a4 #c74 ,h5ce1 s9ce w z reason is plac$ 9 ,*ri/1 we mu/ also place *oice1 & consequ5tly free-w1 ^: act is *oice1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #hc1 ,a4 #c2 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ac1 ,a4 #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,damasc5e excludes *oice f ,*ri/1 9 s f> z he consid]s t d\bt is impli$ 9 ! ^w *oice4 ,nev]!less d\bt is n necess>y to *oice1 s9ce x belongs ev5 to ,god ,himself to *oose1 accord+ to ,eph4 #a3d3 ,he *ose u 9 ,him be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 al?\gh 9 ,god !re is no d\bt4 ,yet d\bt is accid5tal to *oice :5 x is 9 an ignorant nature4 ,we may also say ! same ( :atev] else is m5tion$ 9 ! passage quot$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*oice presupposes c\nsel2 yet x foll[s c\nsel only z det]m9$ by judgm5t4 ,= :at we judge to be done1 we *oose1 aft] ! inquiry ( c\nsel1 z is /at$ 7,e?ic4 iii1 #b1 #c74 ,h5ce if any?+ is judg$ necess>y to be done1 )\t any prec$+ d\bt or inquiry1 ?is suffices = *oice4 ,!re=e x is pla9 t d\bt or inquiry belong to *oice n ess5tially1 b only :5 x is 9 an ignorant nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! w ( ,*ri/1 ?\gh det]m9$ to good1 is n det]m9$ to ?is or t good4 ,h5ce x p]ta9s to ,*ri/1 ev5 z to ! bless$1 to *oose ) a free-w confirm$ 9 good4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ah1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,human ,w ( ,*ri/ ,0 ,altoge!r ,con=m$ to ! ,div9e ,w 9 ! ,?+ ,will$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! human w 9 ,*ri/ did n w any?+ except :at ,god will$4 ,= x is writt5 7,ps4 #ci3i7 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/3 ,t ,i %\ld d ,?y w3 ,o my ,god1 ,i h desir$ x4 ,n[ he :o desires to d ano!r's w1 wills :at ! o!r wills4 ,h5ce x seems t ,*ri/'s human w will$ no?+ b :at 0 will$ by ,8 ,div9e w4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s s\l _h mo/ p]fect *>ity1 :i*1 inde$1 surpasses ! compreh5sion ( all our k1 accord+ to ,eph4 #c3ai1 ! *>ity ( ,*ri/1 :i* surpasse? all k4 ,n[ *>ity makes m5 w :at ,god wills2 h5ce ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 ix1 #d7 t "o m>k ( fri5d%ip is to w & *oose ! same4 ,!re=e ! human w 9 ,*ri/ will$ no?+ else ?an 0 will$ by ,8 ,div9e w4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ 0 a true compreh5sor4 ,b ! ,sa9ts :o are compreh5sors 9 heav5 w only :at ,god wills1 o!rwise !y w\ld n be happy1 because !y w\ld n obta9 :atev] !y w1 = bless$ is he :o has :at he wills1 & wills no?+ amiss1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii1 #e74 ,h5ce 9 ,8 human w ,*ri/ wills no?+ else ?an does ! ,div9e w4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,maxim4 ii1 #bj73 ,:5 ,*ri/ says ',n :at ,i w1 b :at ,?\ wilt' ,he %[s ,himself to h will$ some?+ else ?an did ,8 ,fa!r2 & ?is c\ld only h be5 by ,8 human he>t1 s9ce ,he did n transfigure our weakness into ,8 ,div9e b into ,8 human w4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said 7,,aa4 #b1 #c71 9 ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 human nature !re is a tw(old w1 viz4 ! w ( s5suality1 :i* is call$ w by p>ticipation1 & ! rational w1 :e!r consid]$ aft] ! mann] ( nature1 or aft] ! mann] ( reason4 ,n[ x 0 said above 7,q4 #ac1 ,a4 #c1 ad #a2 ,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b7 t by a c]ta9 disp5sation ! ,son ( ,god be=e ,8 ,passion all[$ ,8 fle% to d & suff] :at belong$ to x4 ,& 9 l mann] ,he all[$ all ! p[]s ( ,8 s\l to d :at belong$ to !m4 ,n[ x is cle> t ! w ( s5suality naturally %r9ks f s5sible pa9s & bodily hurt4 ,9 l mann]1 ! w z nature turns f :at is aga9/ nature & :at is evil 9 itself1 z dea? & ! l2 yet ! w z reason may at "t *oose ^! ?+s 9 relation to an end1 z 9 a m]e man ! s5suality & ! w absolutely consid]$ %r9k f burn+1 :i*1 nev]!less1 ! w z reason may *oose = ! sake ( heal?4 ,n[ x 0 ! w ( ,god t ,*ri/ %\ld und]go pa91 suff]+1 & dea?1 n t ^! ( !mselves 7 will$ by ,god1 b = ! sake ( man's salvation4 ,h5ce x is pla9 t 9 ,8 w ( s5suality & 9 ,8 rational w consid]$ z nature1 ,*ri/ c\ld w :at ,god did n2 b 9 ,8 w z reason ,he always will$ ! same z ,god1 :i* appe>s f :at ,he says 7,matt4 #bf3ci73 ,n z ,i w1 b z ,?\ wilt4 ,= ,he will$ 9 ,8 reason t ! ,div9e w %\ld be fulfill$ al?\gh ,he said t ,he will$ some?+ else by ano!r w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,by ,8 rational w ,*ri/ will$ ! ,div9e w to be fulfill$2 b n by ,8 w ( s5suality1 ! movem5t ( :i* does n ext5d to ! w ( ,god--nor by ,8 w consid]$ z nature :i* reg>ds ?+s absolutely consid]$ & n 9 relation to ! ,div9e w4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! con=mity ( ! human w to ! ,div9e reg>ds ! w ( reason3 accord+ to :i* ! wills ev5 ( fri5ds agree1 inasmu* z reason consid]s some?+ will$ 9 its relation to ! w ( a fri5d4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ 0 at once compreh5sor & wayf>]1 inasmu* z ,he 0 enjoy+ ,god 9 ,8 m9d & _h a passible body4 ,h5ce ?+s repugnant to ,8 natural w & to ,8 s5sitive appetite c\ld happ5 to ,him 9 ,8 passible fle%4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ah1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,contr>iety ( ,wills 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 contr>iety ( wills 9 ,*ri/4 ,= contr>iety ( wills reg>ds contr>iety ( objects1 z contr>iety ( movem5ts spr+s f contr>iety ( t]m9i1 z is pla9 f ! ,philosoph] 7,phys4 v1 text4 #di1 seq474 ,n[ ,*ri/ 9 ,8 diff]5t wills wi%$ contr>y ?+s4 ,= 9 ,8 ,div9e w ,he wi%$ = dea?1 f :i* ,he %rank 9 ,8 human w1 h5ce ,a?anasius says 99,de ,inc>nat4 et ,cont4 ,arianos1 writt5 aga9/ ,apoll9>ius3 ,:5 ,*ri/ says ',fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is *alice pass f ,me2 yet n ,my w1 b ,?9e be done1' & aga91 ',! _s inde$ is will+1 b ! fle% weak1' ,he d5otes two wills--! human1 :i* ?r\gh ! weakness ( ! fle% %rank f ! passion--& ,8 ,div9e w eag] = ! passion4 ,h5ce !re 0 contr>iety ( wills 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,gal4 #e3ag7 t ! fle% lu/e? aga9/ ! _s1 & ! _s aga9/ ! fle%4 ,n[ :5 ! _s desires "o ?+1 & ! fle% ano!r1 !re is contr>iety ( wills4 ,b ?is 0 9 ,*ri/2 = by ! w ( *>ity :i* ! ,holy ,_s 0 caus+ 9 ,8 m9d1 ,he will$ ! passion1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3g3 ,he 0 (f]$ because x 0 ,8 own w1 yet 9 ,8 fle% ,he %rank f ! passion4 ,!re=e !re 0 contr>iety ( wills 9 ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,luke #bb3dc7 t be+ 9 an agony1 ,he pray$ ! long]4 ,n[ agony seems to imply a c]ta9 /ruggle 99,greek1 agonia 9 a s\l drawn to contr>y ?+s4 ,h5ce x seems t !re 0 contr>iety ( w 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,9 ! decisions ( ! ,six? ,c\ncil 99,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,act4 #ah x is said3 ,we confess two natural wills1 n 9 opposition1 z evil-m9d$ h]etics ass]t1 b foll[+ ,8 human w1 & nei!r )/&+ nor /riv+ aga9/1 b r be+ subject to1 ,8 ,div9e & omnipot5t w4 ,i answ] t1 ,contr>iety c exi/ only :]e !re is opposition 9 ! same & z reg>ds ! same4 ,= if ! div]sity exi/s z reg>ds div]se ?+s1 & 9 div]se subjects1 ?is w\ld n suffice = ! nature ( contr>iety1 nor ev5 = ! nature ( contradiction1 e4g4 if a man 7 well =m$ or heal?y z reg>ds 8 h&1 b n z reg>ds 8 foot4 ,h5ce = !re to be contr>iety ( wills 9 anyone x is necess>y1 fir/1 t ! div]sity ( wills %\ld reg>d ! same4 ,= if ! w ( "o reg>ds ! do+ ( some?+ ) ref]5ce to "s univ]sal reason1 & ! w ( ano!r reg>ds ! n do+ ! same ) ref]5ce to "s p>ticul> reason1 !re is n complete contr>iety ( w1 e4g4 :5 a judge wi%es a brig& to be hang$ = ! good ( ! commonweal?1 & "o ( ! latt]'s k9dr$ wi%es him n to be hang$ on acc\nt ( a private love1 !re is no contr>iety ( wills2 unless1 inde$1 ! desire ( ! private good w5t s f> z to wi% to h9d] ! public good = ! private good--9 t case ! opposition ( wills w\ld reg>d ! same4 ,secondly1 = contr>iety ( wills x is necess>y t x %\ld be 9 ! same w4 ,= if a man wi%es "o ?+ ) 8 rational appetite1 & wi%es ano!r ?+ ) 8 s5sitive appetite1 !re is no contr>iety1 unless ! s5sitive appetite s f> prevail$ z to *ange or at lea/ keep back ! rational appetite2 = 9 ?is case some?+ ( ! contr>y movem5t ( ! s5sitive appetite w\ld rea* ! rational w4 ,& h5ce x mu/ be said t al?\gh ! natural & ! s5sitive w 9 ,*ri/ wi%$ :at ! ,div9e w did n wi%1 yet !re 0 no contr>iety ( wills 9 ,him4 ,fir/1 because nei!r ! natural w nor ! w ( s5suality reject$ ! reason = :i* ! ,div9e w & ! w ( ! human reason 9 ,*ri/ wi%$ ! passion4 ,= ! absolute w ( ,*ri/ wi%$ ! salvation ( ! human race1 al?\gh x did n p]ta9 to x to w ?is = ! sake ( some?+ fur!r2 b ! movem5t ( s5suality c\ld n[ise ext5d s f>4 ,secondly1 because nei!r ! ,div9e w nor ! w ( reason 9 ,*ri/ 0 imp$$ or ret>d$ by ! natural w or ! appetite ( s5suality4 ,s1 too1 on ! o!r h&1 nei!r ! ,div9e w nor ! w ( reason 9 ,*ri/ %rank f or ret>d$ ! movem5t ( ! natural human w & ! movem5t ( ! s5suality 9 ,*ri/4 ,= x pleas$ ,*ri/1 9 ,8 ,div9e w1 & 9 ,8 w ( reason1 t ,8 natural w & w ( s5suality %\ld be mov$ accord+ to ! ord] ( _! nature4 ,h5ce x is cle> t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no opposition or contr>iety ( wills4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! fact ( any w 9 ,*ri/ will+ some?+ else ?an did ! ,div9e w1 proce$$ f ! ,div9e w1 by ^: p]mission ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ 0 mov$ by its prop] movem5ts1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 ii1 #ae1 #ah1 #ai74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 u ! desires ( ! _s are imp$$ or ret>d$ by ! desires ( ! fle%3 ?is did n occur 9 ,*ri/4 ,h5ce 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 no contr>iety ( fle% & _s1 z 9 u4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! agony 9 ,*ri/ 0 n 9 ! rational s\l1 9 z f> z x implies a /ruggle 9 ! w aris+ f a div]sity ( motives1 z :5 anyone1 on 8 reason consid]+ "o1 wi%es "o ?+1 & on its consid]+ ano!r1 wi%es ! contr>y4 ,= ?is spr+s f ! weakness ( ! reason1 :i* is unable to judge :i* is ! be/ simply4 ,n[ ?is did n occur 9 ,*ri/1 s9ce by ,8 reason ,he judg$ x be/ t ! ,div9e w reg>d+ ! salvation ( ! human race %\ld be fulfill$ by ,8 passion4 ,nev]!less1 !re 0 an agony 9 ,*ri/ z reg>ds ! s5sitive "p1 inasmu* z x impli$ a dread ( com+ trial1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 ii1 #ae2 iii1 #ah1 #bc74 ,,"q #ai ,,( ,,! ,,unity ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,op]ation 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! unity ( ,*ri/'s op]ation2 & "u ?is head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 "o or sev]al op]ations ( ! ,godhead & ,manhood8 7#b7 ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ !re 7 sev]al op]ations ( ! human nature8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ by ,8 human op]ation m]it$ any?+ = ,himself8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he m]it$ any?+ = u by x8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ai1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,is ,only ,"o ,op]ation ( ! ,godhead & ,manhood8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re is b "o op]ation ( ! ,godhead & ! ,manhood4 ,= ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 ii73 ,! mo/ lov+ op]ation ( ,god is made manife/ to u by ! sup]sub/antial ,^w hav+ tak5 fle% integrally & truly1 & hav+ op]at$ & suff]$ :atsoev] befits ,8 human & ,div9e op]ation4 ,b he "h m5tions only "o human & ,div9e op]ation1 :i* is writt5 9 ,greek !&rike1 i4e4 ,god-manlike4 ,h5ce x seems t !re is b "o composite op]ation 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 !re is b "o op]ation ( ! pr9cipal & in/rum5tal ag5t4 ,n[ ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ 0 ! in/rum5t ( ! ,div9e1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #a1 ad #c2 ,q4 #h1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a2 ,q4 #ah1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b74 ,h5ce ! op]ations ( ! ,div9e & human natures 9 ,*ri/ are ! same4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 s9ce 9 ,*ri/ !re are two natures 9 "o hypo/asis or p]son1 :atev] p]ta9s to ! hypo/asis or p]son is "o & ! same4 ,b op]ation p]ta9s to ! hypo/asis or p]son1 = x is only a subsi/+ suppositum t op]ates2 h5ce1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,metaph4 i1 #a71 acts belong to s+ul>s4 ,h5ce 9 ,*ri/ !re is only "o op]ation ( ! ,godhead & ! ,manhood4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 z be+ belongs to a subsi/+ hypo/asis1 s also does op]ation4 ,b on acc\nt ( ! unity ( hypo/asis !re is only "o op]ation ( ! ,godhead & ! 7,q4 #ag1 ,a4 #b74 ,h5ce1 on acc\nt ( ! same unity1 !re is "o op]ation 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 :]e !re is "o ?+ op]at$ !re is "o op]ation4 ,b ! same ?+ 0 op]at$ by ! ,godhead & ! ,manhood1 z ! heal+ ( ! lep]s or ! rais+ ( ! dead4 ,h5ce x seems t 9 ,*ri/ !re is b "o op]ation ( ! ,godhead & ! ,manhood4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,fide ii1 #h73 ,h[ c ! same op]ation spr+ f diff]5t p[]s8 ,_c ! less] op]ate z ! great]8 ,& c !re be "o op]ation :]e !re are diff]5t sub/ances8 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #ah1 ,a4 #a71 ! a=esaid h]etics :o plac$ "o w 9 ,*ri/ plac$ "o op]ation 9 ,*ri/4 ,n[ 9 ord] bett] to und]/& _! errone\s op9ion1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t :]ev] !re are sev]al mutually orda9$ ag5ts1 ! inf]ior is mov$ by ! sup]ior1 z 9 man ! body is mov$ by ! s\l & ! l[] p[]s by ! reason4 ,& ?us ! actions & movem5ts ( ! inf]ior pr9ciple are ?+s op]at$ r ?an op]ations4 ,n[ :at p]ta9s to ! highe/ pr9ciple is prop]ly ! op]ation2 ?us we say ( man t to walk1 :i* belongs to ! feet1 & to t\*1 :i* belongs to ! h&1 are ?+s op]at$ by ! man--"o ( :i* is op]at$ by ! s\l ?r\gh ! feet1 ! o!r ?r\gh ! h&s4 ,& because x is ! same s\l t op]ates 9 bo? cases1 !re is only "o indiff]5t op]ation1 on ! "p ( ! ?+ op]at+1 :i* is ! fir/ mov+ pr9ciple2 b diff]5ce is f\nd on ! "p ( :at is op]at$4 ,n[1 z 9 a m]e man ! body is mov$ by ! s\l1 & ! s5sitive by ! rational appetite1 s 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ! human nature is mov$ & rul$ by ! ,div9e4 ,h5ce !y said t !re is "o indiff]5t op]ation on ! "p ( ! ,godhead op]at+1 b div]s ?+s op]at$1 inasmu* z ! ,godhead ( ,*ri/ did "o ?+ by ,itself1 z to uphold all ?+s by ! ^w ( ,8 p[]--& ano!r ?+ by ,8 human nature1 z to walk 9 body4 ,h5ce ! ,six? ,c\ncil 99,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,act4 #aj quotes ! words ( ,sev]us ! h]etic1 :o said3 ,:at ?+s 7 done & wr\ght by ! "o ,*ri/1 diff] greatly2 = "s are becom+ to ,god1 & "s are human1 z to walk bodily on ! e>? is inde$ human1 b to give hale /eps to sickly limbs1 :olly unable to walk on ! gr\nd1 is becom+ to ,god4 ,yet "o1 i4e4 ! ,inc>nate ,^w1 wr\ght "o & ! o!r--nei!r 0 ?is f "o nature1 & t f ano!r2 nor c we ju/ly affirm t because !re are di/9ct ?+s op]at$ !re are !re=e two op]at+ natures & =ms4 ,b h]e9 !y 7 deceiv$1 = :at is mov$ by ano!r has a tw(old action--"o :i* x has f its own =m--! o!r1 :i* x has inasmu* z x is mov$ by ano!r2 ?us ! op]ation ( an axe ( itself is to cleave2 b inasmu* z x is mov$ by ! craftsman1 its op]ation is to make b5*es4 ,h5ce ! op]ation :i* belongs to a ?+ by its =m is prop] to x1 nor does x belong to ! mov]1 except 9 s f> z he makes use ( ?is k9d ( ?+ = 8 "w3 ?us to heat is ! prop] op]ation ( fire1 b n ( a smi?1 except 9 s f> z he makes use ( fire = heat+ iron4 ,b ! op]ation :i* belongs to ! ?+1 z mov$ by ano!r1 is n di/9ct f ! op]ation ( ! mov]2 ?us to make a b5* is n ! "w ( ! axe indep5d5tly ( ! workman4 ,h5ce1 :]esoev] ! mov] & ! mov$ h diff]5t =ms or op]ative faculties1 !re mu/ ! op]ation ( ! mov] & ! prop] op]ation ( ! mov$ be di/9ct2 al?\gh ! mov$ %>es 9 ! op]ation ( ! mov]1 & ! mov] makes use ( ! op]ation ( ! mov$1 &1 consequ5tly1 ea* acts 9 communion ) ! o!r4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ ! human nature has its prop] =m & p[] :]eby x acts2 & s has ! ,div9e4 ,h5ce ! human nature has its prop] op]ation di/9ct f ! ,div9e1 & conv]sely4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,div9e ,nature makes use ( ! op]ation ( ! human nature1 z ( ! op]ation ( its in/rum5t2 & 9 ! same way ! human nature %>es 9 ! op]ation ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 z an in/rum5t %>es 9 ! op]ation ( ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,& ?is is :at ,pope ,leo says 7,ep4 ad ,flavian4 xxviii73 ,bo? =ms 7i4e4 bo? ! ,div9e & ! human nature 9 ,*ri/7 d :at is prop] to ea* 9 union ) ! o!r1 i4e4 ! ,^w op]ates :at belongs to ! ,^w1 & ! fle% c>ries out :at belongs to fle%4 ,b if !re 7 only "o op]ation ( ! ,godhead & manhood 9 ,*ri/1 x w\ld be necess>y to say ei!r t ! human nature _h n its prop] =m & p[] 7= ?is c\ld n possibly be said ( ! ,div9e71 :5ce x w\ld foll[ t 9 ,*ri/ !re 0 only ! ,div9e op]ation2 or x w\ld be necess>y to say t f ! ,div9e & human p[] !re 0 made up "o p[]4 ,n[ bo? ( ^! are impossible4 ,= by ! fir/ ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ is suppos$ to be imp]fect2 & by ! second a confusion ( ! natures is suppos$4 ,h5ce x is ) reason t ! ,six? ,c\ncil 7,act4 #ah7 condemn$ ?is op9ion1 & decre$ z foll[s3 ,we confess two natural1 indivisible1 unconv]tible1 unconfus$1 & insep>able op]ations 9 ! same ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ our true ,god2 i4e4 ! ,div9e op]ation & ! human op]ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,dionysius places 9 ,*ri/ a !&ric1 i4e4 a ,god-manlike or ,div9o-human1 op]ation n by any confusion ( ! op]ations or p[]s ( bo? natures1 b inasmu* z ,8 ,div9e op]ation employs ! human1 & ,8 human op]ation %>es 9 ! p[] ( ! ,div9e4 ,h5ce1 z he says 9 a c]ta9 epi/le 7,ad ,caium iv71 :at is ( man ,he works beyond man2 & ?is is %[n by ! ,virg9 conceiv+ sup]naturally & by ! un/able wat]s be>+ up ! weight ( bodily feet4 ,n[ x is cle> t to be begott5 belongs to human nature1 & likewise to walk2 yet bo? 7 9 ,*ri/ sup]naturally4 ,s1 too1 ,he wr\ght ,div9e ?+s humanly1 z :5 ,he heal$ ! lep] ) a t\*4 ,h5ce 9 ! same epi/le he adds3 ,he p]=m$ ,div9e works n z ,god does1 & human works n z man does1 b1 ,god hav+ be5 made man1 by a new op]ation ( ,god & man4 ,n[1 t he und]/ood two op]ations 9 ,*ri/1 "o ( ! ,div9e & ! o!r ( ! human nature1 is cle> f :at he says1 ,div4 ,nom4 ii3 ,:atev] p]ta9s to ,8 human op]ation ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/ no-wise %>e 91 except1 z "o might say1 by _! mo/ graci\s & m]ciful w1 i4e4 inasmu* z ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 _! m]cy wi%$ ,*ri/ to d & to suff] human ?+s4 ,& he adds3 ,he is truly ! un*angeable ,god1 & ,god's ,^w by ! sublime & unspeakable op]ation ( ,god1 :i*1 be+ made man = u1 ,he wr\ght4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ! human op]ation1 9 :i* ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/ d n %>e1 except by ,_! m]ciful cons5t1 is di/9ct f ,8 op]ation1 z ! ,^w ( ,god1 :]e9 ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/ %>e4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! in/rum5t is said to act ?r\gh be+ mov$ by ! pr9cipal ag5t2 & yet1 besides ?is1 x c h its prop] op]ation ?r\gh its own =m1 z /at$ above ( fire4 ,& h5ce ! action ( ! in/rum5t z in/rum5t is n di/9ct f ! action ( ! pr9cipal ag5t2 yet x may h ano!r op]ation1 inasmu* z x is a ?+4 ,h5ce ! op]ation ( ,*ri/'s human nature1 z ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead1 is n di/9ct f ! op]ation ( ! ,godhead2 = ! salvation :]e) ! manhood ( ,*ri/ saves u & t :]e) ,8 ,godhead saves u are n di/9ct2 nev]!less1 ! human nature 9 ,*ri/1 inasmu* z x is a c]ta9 nature1 has a prop] op]ation di/9ct f ! ,div9e1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,to op]ate belongs to a subsi/+ hypo/asis2 9 accordance1 h[ev]1 ) ! =m & nature f :i* ! op]ation receives its species4 ,h5ce f ! div]sity ( =ms or natures spr+ ! div]s species ( op]ations1 b f ! unity ( hypo/asis spr+s ! num]ical unity z reg>ds ! op]ation ( ! species3 ?us fire has two op]ations specifically diff]5t1 namely1 to illum9ate & to heat1 f ! diff]5ce ( light & heat1 & yet ! illum9ation ( ! fire t illum9ates at "o & ! same "t is num]ically "o4 ,s1 likewise1 9 ,*ri/ !re are necess>ily two specifically diff]5t op]ations by reason ( ,8 two natures2 nev]!less1 ea* ( ! op]ations at "o & ! same "t is num]ically "o1 z "o walk+ & "o heal+4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,be+ & op]ation belong to ! p]son by reason ( ! nature2 yet 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,= be+ belongs to ! v con/itution ( ! p]son1 & 9 ?is respect x has ! nature ( a t]m2 consequ5tly1 unity ( p]son requires unity ( ! complete & p]sonal be+4 ,b op]ation is an effect ( ! p]son by reason ( a =m or nature4 ,h5ce plurality ( op]ations is n incompatible ) p]sonal unity4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,! prop] "w ( ! ,div9e op]ation is diff]5t f ! prop] "w ( ! human op]ation4 ,?us to heal a lep] is a prop] "w ( ! ,div9e op]ation1 b to t\* him is ! prop] "w ( ! human op]ation4 ,n[ bo? ^! op]ations concur 9 "o "w1 inasmu* z "o nature acts 9 union ) ! o!r4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ai1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/ ,!re ,are ,sev]al ,human ,op]ations8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ,*ri/ !re are sev]al human op]ations4 ,= ,*ri/ z man communicates ) plants by ,8 nutritive s\l1 ) ! brutes by ,8 s5sitive s\l1 & ) ! angels by ,8 intellective s\l1 ev5 z o!r m5 d4 ,n[ ! op]ations ( a plant z plant & ( an animal z animal are diff]5t4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z man has sev]al op]ations4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 p[]s & habits are di/+ui%$ by _! acts4 ,n[ 9 ,*ri/'s s\l !re 7 div]s p[]s & habits2 !re=e also div]s op]ations4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 in/rum5ts ought to be proportion$ to _! op]ations4 ,n[ ! human body has div]s memb]s ( diff]5t =m1 & consequ5tly fitt$ to div]s op]ations4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re are div]s op]ations 9 ! human nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ae71 op]ation is consequ5t ^u ! nature4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re is only "o human nature4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re is only "o human op]ation4 ,i answ] t1 ,s9ce x is by 8 reason t man is :at he is2 t op]ation is call$ human simply1 :i* proce$s f ! reason ?r\gh ! w1 :i* is ! rational appetite4 ,n[ if !re is any op]ation 9 man :i* does n proce$ f ! reason & ! w1 x is n simply a human op]ation1 b belongs to man by reason ( "s "p ( human nature--sometimes by reason ( ! nature ( elem5t>y bodies1 z to be borne d[nw>ds--sometimes by reason ( ! =ce ( ! vegetative s\l1 z to be n\ri%$1 & to gr[--sometimes by reason ( ! s5sitive "p1 z to see & he>1 to imag9e & rememb]1 to desire & to be angry4 ,n[ betwe5 ^! op]ations !re is a diff]5ce4 ,= ! op]ations ( ! s5sitive s\l are to "s ext5t ob$i5t to reason1 & consequ5tly !y are some:at rational & human inasmu* z !y obey reason1 z is cle> f ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 i1 #ac74 ,b ! op]ations t spr+ f ! vegetative s\l1 or f ! nature ( elem5tal bodies1 are n subject to reason2 consequ5tly !y are n[ise rational2 nor simply human1 b only z reg>ds a "p ( human nature4 ,n[ x 0 said 7,a4 #a7 t :5 a subord9ate ag5t acts by its own =m1 ! op]ations ( ! inf]ior & ( ! sup]ior ag5t are di/9ct2 b :5 ! inf]ior ag5t acts only z mov$ by ! sup]ior ag5t1 !n ! op]ation ( ! sup]ior & ! inf]ior ag5t is "o4 ,& h5ce 9 e m]e man ! op]ations ( ! elem5tal body & ( ! vegetative s\l are di/9ct f ! w's op]ation1 :i* is prop]ly human2 s likewise ! op]ations ( ! s5sitive s\l inasmu* z x is n mov$ by reason2 b inasmu* z x is mov$ by reason1 ! op]ations ( ! s5sitive & ! rational "p are ! same4 ,n[ !re is b "o op]ation ( ! rational "p if we consid] ! pr9ciple ( ! op]ation1 :i* is ! reason & ! w2 b ! op]ations are _m if we consid] _! relation%ip to v>i\s objects4 ,& !re 7 "s :o call$ ?is a div]sity ( ?+s op]at$ r ?an ( op]ations1 judg+ ! unity ( ! op]ation solely f ! op]ative pr9ciple4 ,& x is 9 ?is respect t we are n[ consid]+ ! unity & plurality ( op]ations 9 ,*ri/4 ,h5ce 9 e m]e man !re is b "o op]ation1 :i* is prop]ly call$ human2 b besides ?is !re are 9 a m]e man c]ta9 o!r op]ations1 :i* are n /rictly human1 z 0 said above4 ,b 9 ! ,man ,jesus ,*ri/ !re 0 no motion ( ! s5sitive "p :i* 0 n ord]$ by reason4 ,ev5 ! natural & bodily op]ations p]ta9$ 9 "s respects to ,8 w1 inasmu* z x 0 ,8 w t ,8 fle% %\ld d & suff] :at belong$ to x1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ah1 ,a4 #e74 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 is !re "o op]ation 9 ,*ri/1 ?an 9 any o!r man :atsoev]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! op]ations ( ! s5sitive & nutritive p>ts are n /rictly human1 z /at$ above2 yet 9 ,*ri/ ^! op]ations 7 m human ?an 9 o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,p[]s & habits are div]sifi$ by comp>ison ) _! objects4 ,h5ce 9 ?is way ! div]sity ( op]ations corresponds to ! div]s p[]s & habits1 z likewise to ! div]s objects4 ,n[ we d n wi% to exclude ?is div]sity ( op]ations f ,*ri/'s humanity1 nor t :i* spr+s f a div]sity ( "t1 b only t :i* reg>ds ! fir/ active pr9ciple1 z 0 said above4 7,/4 ,?omas gives no reply to ,obj4 #c2 "s codices add3 ,h5ce may be ga!r$ ! reply to ! ?ird objection47 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ai1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,human ,action ( ,*ri/ ,c\ld ,be ,m]itori\s to ,him8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! human action ( ,*ri/ c\ld n be m]itori\s to ,him4 ,= be=e ,8 dea? ,*ri/ 0 a compreh5sor ev5 z ,he is n[4 ,b compreh5sors d n m]it3 because ! *>ity ( ! compreh5sor belongs to ! rew>d ( beatitude1 s9ce fruition dep5ds ^u x4 ,h5ce x does n seem to be ! pr9ciple ( m]it1 s9ce m]it & rew>d are n ! same4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ be=e ,8 passion did n m]it1 ev5 z ,he does n m]it n[4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no "o m]its :at is due to him4 ,b because ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god by nature1 ! et]nal inh]itance is due to ,him1 :i* o!r m5 m]it by _! works4 ,& h5ce ,*ri/ ,:o1 f ! beg9n+1 0 ! ,^w ( ,god1 c\ld n m]it any?+ = ,himself4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :oev] has ! pr9ciple does n prop]ly m]it :at fl[s f its possession4 ,b ,*ri/ has ! glory ( ! s\l1 :5ce1 9 ! natural c\rse1 fl[$ ! glory ( ! body1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,dios cxviii72 ?\gh by a disp5sation x 0 br\ght ab\t t 9 ,*ri/ ! glory ( ! s\l %\ld n ov]fl[ to ! body4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ did n m]it ! glory ( ! body4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! manife/ation ( ,*ri/'s excell5ce is a good1 n ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 b ( ^? :o "k ,him4 ,h5ce x is promis$ z a rew>d to su* z love ,*ri/ t ,he w be manife/$ to !m1 accord+ to ,john #ad3ba3 ,he t love? ,me1 %all be lov$ ( ,my ,fa!r1 & ,i w love him & w manife/ ,myself to him4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n m]it ! manife/ation ( ,8 greatness4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,phil4 #b3h1 #i73 ,becom+ ob$i5t unto dea? 4 4 4 ,= :i* cause ,god also ha? exalt$ ,him4 ,!re=e by obey+ ,he m]it$ ,8 exaltation & ?us ,he m]it$ some?+ = ,himself4 ,i answ] t1 ,to h any good ?+ ( oneself is m excell5t ?an to h x f ano!r1 = :at is ( itself a cause is always m excell5t ?an :at is a cause ?r\gh ano!r1 z is said ,phys4 viii1 #e4 ,n[ a ?+ is said to h1 ( itself1 t ( :i* x is to "s ext5t ! cause4 ,b ( :atev] good we possess ! fir/ cause by au?ority is ,god2 & 9 ?is way no creature has any good ( itself1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #d3g3 ,:at ha/ ?\ t ?\ ha/ n receiv$8 ,nev]!less1 9 a second>y mann] anyone may be a cause1 to himself1 ( hav+ c]ta9 good ?+s1 inasmu* z he coop]ates ) ,god 9 ! matt]1 & ?us :oev] has any?+ by 8 own m]it has x1 9 a mann]1 ( himself4 ,h5ce x is bett] to h a ?+ by m]it ?an )\t m]it4 ,n[ s9ce all p]fection & greatness mu/ be attribut$ to ,*ri/1 consequ5tly ,he mu/ h by m]it :at o!rs h by m]it2 unless x be ( su* a nature t its want w\ld detract f ,*ri/'s dignity & p]fection m ?an w\ld accrue to ,him by m]it4 ,h5ce ,he m]it$ nei!r grace nor k nor ! beatitude ( ,8 s\l1 nor ! ,godhead1 because1 s9ce m]it reg>ds only :at is n yet possess$1 x w\ld be necess>y t ,*ri/ %\ld h be5 )\t ^! at "s "t2 & to be )\t !m w\ld h dim9i%$ ,*ri/'s dignity m ?an ,8 m]it w\ld h increas$ x4 ,b ! glory ( ! body1 & ! l1 are less ?an ! dignity ( m]it+1 :i* p]ta9s to ! virtue ( *>ity4 ,h5ce we mu/ say t ,*ri/ _h1 by m]it1 ! glory ( ,8 body & :atev] p]ta9$ to ,8 outw>d excell5ce1 z ,8 ,asc5sion1 v5]ation1 & ! re/4 ,& ?us x is cle> t ,he c\ld m]it = ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,fruition1 :i* is an act ( *>ity1 p]ta9s to ! glory ( ! s\l1 :i* ,*ri/ did n m]it4 ,h5ce if ,he m]it$ by *>ity1 x does n foll[ t ! m]it & ! rew>d are ! same4 ,nor did ,he m]it by *>ity inasmu* z x 0 ! *>ity ( a compreh5sor1 b inasmu* z x 0 t ( a wayf>]4 ,= ,he 0 at once a wayf>] & a compreh5sor1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #ae1 ,a4 #aj74 ,& !re=e1 s9ce ,he is no long] a wayf>]1 ,he is n 9 ! /ate ( m]it+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,because by nature ,*ri/ is ,god & ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,div9e glory & ! lord%ip ( all ?+s are due to ,him1 z to ! fir/ & supreme ,"l4 ,nev]!less a glory is due to ,him z a beatifi$ man2 & ?is ,he has p>tly )\t m]it1 & p>tly ) m]it1 z is cle> f :at has be5 said4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is by ,div9e appo9tm5t t !re is an ov]fl[ ( glory f ! s\l to ! body1 9 keep+ ) human m]it2 s t z man m]its by ! act ( ! s\l :i* he p]=ms 9 ! body1 s he may be rew>d$ by ! glory ( ! s\l ov]fl[+ to ! body4 ,& h5ce n only ! glory ( ! s\l1 b also ! glory ( ! body falls "u m]it1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3aa3 ,he 4 4 4 %all quick5 also our ,vulg43 'y\r' mortal bodies1 because ( ,8 ,_s t dwelle? 9 u ,vulg43 'y'4 ,& ?us x c\ld fall "u ,*ri/'s m]it4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! manife/ation ( ,*ri/'s excell5ce is ,8 good z reg>ds ! be+ :i* x has 9 ! k ( o!rs2 al?\gh 9 reg>d to ! be+ :i* !y h 9 !mselves x *iefly belongs to ! good ( ^? :o "k ,him4 ,yet ev5 ?is is ref]r$ to ,*ri/ inasmu* z !y are ,8 memb]s4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ai1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,c\ld ,m]it = ,o!rs8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ c\ld n m]it = o!rs4 ,= x is writt5 7,eze*4 #ah3d73 ,! s\l t s9ne?1 ! same %all die4 ,h5ce1 = a l reason1 ! s\l t m]ite?1 ! same %all be recomp5s$4 ,!re=e x is n possible t ,*ri/ m]it$ = o!rs4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ( ! fulness ( ,*ri/'s grace we all receive1 z is writt5 ,john #a3af4 ,n[ o!r m5 hav+ ,*ri/'s grace _c m]it = o!rs4 ,= x is writt5 7,eze*4 #ad3bj7 t if ,noe & ,daniel & ,job be 9 ! city ,vulg43 '! mid/ !re(' 4 4 4 !y %all deliv] nei!r son nor daught]2 b !y %all only deliv] _! own s\ls by _! ju/ice4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ c\ld n m]it any?+ = u4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! rew>d t we m]it is due accord+ to ju/ice ,vulg43 'debt' & n accord+ to grace1 z is cle> f ,rom4 #d3d4 ,!re=e if ,*ri/ m]it$ our salvation x foll[s t our salvation is n by ,god's grace b by ju/ice1 & t ,he acts unju/ly ) ^? :om ,he does n save1 s9ce ,*ri/'s m]it ext5ds to all4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,rom4 #e3ah73 ,z by ! (f5se ( "o1 unto all m5 to condemnation2 s also by ! ju/ice ( "o1 unto all m5 to ju/ification ( life4 ,b ,adam's dem]its rea*$ to ! condemnation ( o!rs4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 does ! m]it ( ,*ri/ rea* o!rs4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #h1 ,,aa4 #a1 #e71 grace 0 9 ,*ri/ n m]ely z 9 an individual1 b also z 9 ! ,head ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 to ,:om all are unit$1 z memb]s to a head1 :o con/itute "o my/ical p]son4 ,& h5ce x is t ,*ri/'s m]it ext5ds to o!rs inasmu* z !y are ,8 memb]s2 ev5 z 9 a man ! action ( ! head rea*es 9 a mann] to all 8 memb]s1 s9ce x p]ceives n m]ely = itself alone1 b = all ! memb]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! s9 ( an individual h>ms himself alone2 b ! s9 ( ,adam1 :o 0 appo9t$ by ,god to be ! pr9ciple ( ! :ole nature1 is transmitt$ to o!rs by c>nal propagation4 ,s1 too1 ! m]it ( ,*ri/1 ,:o has be5 appo9t$ by ,god to be ! head ( all m5 9 reg>d to grace1 ext5ds to all ,8 memb]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,o!rs receive ( ,*ri/'s fulness n inde$ ! f\nt ( grace1 b "s p>ticul> grace4 ,& h5ce x ne$ n be t m5 m]it = o!rs1 z ,*ri/ did4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ! s9 ( ,adam rea*es o!rs only by c>nal g5]ation1 s1 too1 ! m]it ( ,*ri/ rea*es o!rs only by spiritual reg5]ation1 :i* takes place 9 baptism2 :]e9 we are incorporat$ ) ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,gal4 #c3bg1 ,z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/1 h put on ,*ri/2 & x is by grace t x is grant$ to man to be incorporat$ ) ,*ri/4 ,& ?us man's salvation is f grace4 ,,"q #bj ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,subjection ,,to ,,! ,,fa!r 7,9 ,two ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] su* ?+s z belong to ,*ri/ 9 relation to ! ,fa!r4 ,"s ( ^! ?+s are pr$icat$ ( ,him because ( ,8 relation to ! ,fa!r1 e4g4 t ,he 0 subject to ,him1 t ,he pray$ to ,him1 t ,he m9i/]$1 to ,him by prie/hood4 ,& "s are pr$icat$1 or may be pr$icat$1 ( ,him because ( ! ,fa!r's relation to ,him1 e4g4 t ! ,fa!r adopt$ ,him & t ,he pr$e/9$ ,him4 ,h5ce we mu/ consid] 7#a7 ,*ri/'s subjection to ! ,fa!r2 7#b7 ,8 pray]2 7#c7 ,8 prie/hood2 7#d7 ,adoption--:e!r x is becom+ to ,him2 7#e7 ,8 pr$e/9ation4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are two po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ is subject to ! ,fa!r8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he is subject to ,himself8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bj1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,we ,may ,say ,t ,*ri/ ,is ,subject to ! ,fa!r8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t we may n say t ,*ri/ 0 subject to ! ,fa!r4 ,= ev]y?+ subject to ! ,fa!r is a creature1 s9ce1 z is said 9 ,de ,eccles4 ,dogm4 iv1 9 ! ,tr9ity !re is no dep5d5ce or subjection4 ,b we _c say simply t ,*ri/ is a creature1 z 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #af1 ,a4 #h74 ,!re=e we _c say simply t ,*ri/ is subject to ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a ?+ is said to be subject to ,god :5 x is subs]vi5t to ,8 dom9ion4 ,b we _c attribute subs]vi5ce to ! human nature ( ,*ri/2 = ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ba73 ,we mu/ be> 9 m9d t we may n call x 7i4e4 ,*ri/'s human nature7 a s]vant2 = ! words 'subs]vi5ce' & 'dom9ation' are n names ( ! nature1 b ( relations1 z ! words 'pat]nity' & 'filiation4' ,h5ce ,*ri/ 9 ,8 human nature is n subject to ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3bh73 ,& :5 all ?+s %all be subdu$ unto ,him1 !n ! ,son also ,himself %all be subject unto ,him t put all ?+s "u ,him4 ,b1 z is writt5 7,heb4 #b3h73 ,we see n z yet all ?+s subject to ,him4 ,h5ce ,he is n yet subject to ! ,fa!r1 ,:o has subject$ all ?+s to ,him4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,our ,"l says 7,john #ad3bh71 ,! ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i2 & ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #g73 ,x is n )\t reason t ! ,scripture m5tions bo?1 t ! ,son is equal to ! ,fa!r & ! ,fa!r great] ?an ! ,son1 = ! fir/ is said on acc\nt ( ! =m ( ,god1 & ! second on acc\nt ( ! =m ( a s]vant1 )\t any confusion4 ,n[ ! less is subject to ! great]4 ,!re=e 9 ! =m ( a s]vant ,*ri/ is subject to ! ,fa!r4 ,i answ] t1 ,:oev] has a nature is compet5t to h :at is prop] to t nature4 ,n[ human nature f its beg9n+ has a ?reefold subjection to ,god4 ,! fir/ reg>ds ! degree ( goodness1 inasmu* z ! ,div9e ,nature is ! v ess5ce ( goodness z is cle> f ,dionysius 7,div4 ,nom4 i7 :ile a creat$ nature has a p>ticipation ( ! ,div9e goodness1 be+ subject1 s to say1 to ! rays ( ?is goodness4 ,secondly1 human nature is subject to ,god1 z reg>ds ,god's p[]1 inasmu* z human nature1 ev5 z e creature1 is subject to ! op]ation ( ! ,div9e ord9ance4 ,?irdly1 human nature is especially subject to ,god ?r\gh its prop] act1 inasmu* z by its own w x obeys ,8 comm&4 ,?is triple subjection to ,god ,*ri/ pr(esses ( ,himself4 ,! fir/ 7,matt4 #ai3ag73 ,:y aske/ ?\ ,me conc]n+ good8 ,"o is good1 ,god4 ,& on ?is ,j]ome rem>ks3 ,he :o _h call$ ,him a good ma/]1 & _h n confess$ ,him to be ,god or ! ,son ( ,god1 le>ns t no man1 h[ev] holy1 is good 9 comp>ison ) ,god4 ,& h]eby ,he gave u to und]/& t ,he ,himself1 9 ,8 human nature1 did n atta9 to ! height ( ,div9e goodness4 ,& because 9 su* ?+s z are great1 b n 9 bulk1 to be great is ! same z to be good1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 vi1 #h71 = ?is reason ! ,fa!r is said to be great] ?an ,*ri/ 9 ,8 human nature4 ,! second subjection is attribut$ to ,*ri/1 inasmu* z all t befell ,*ri/ is believ$ to h happ5$ by ,div9e appo9tm5t2 h5ce ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 iv7 t ,*ri/ is subject to ! ord9ance ( ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,& ?is is ! subjection ( subs]vi5ce1 :]eby e creature s]ves ,god 7,judi? #af3ag71 be+ subject to ,8 ord9ance1 accord+ to ,wis4 #af3bd3 ,! creature s]v+ ,!e ! ,creator4 ,& 9 ?is way ! ,son ( ,god 7,phil4 #b3g7 is said to h tak5 ! =m ( a s]vant4 ,! ?ird subjection ,he attributes to ,himself1 say+ 7,john #h3bi73 ,i d always ! ?+s t please ,him4 ,& ?is is ! subjection to ! ,fa!r1 ( ob$i5ce unto dea?4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,phil4 #b3h7 t he became ob$i5t to ! ,fa!r unto dea?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z we are n to und]/& t ,*ri/ is a creature simply1 b only 9 ,8 human nature1 :e!r ?is qualification be add$ or n1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #af1 ,a4 #h71 s also we are to und]/& t ,*ri/ is subject to ! ,fa!r n simply b 9 ,8 human nature1 ev5 if ?is qualification be n add$2 & yet x is bett] to add ?is qualification 9 ord] to avoid ! error ( ,arius1 :o held ! ,son to be less ?an ! ,fa!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! relation ( subs]vi5ce & dom9ion is bas$ ^u action & passion1 inasmu* z x belongs to a s]vant to be mov$ by ! w ( 8 ma/]4 ,n[ to act is n attribut$ to ! nature z ag5t1 b to ! p]son1 s9ce acts belong to supposita & to s+ul>s1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,metaph4 i1 #a74 ,nev]!less action is attribut$ to ! nature z to t :]eby ! p]son or hypo/asis acts4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh ! nature is n prop]ly said to rule or s]ve1 yet e hypo/asis or p]son may be prop]ly said to be rul+ or s]v+ 9 ?is or t nature4 ,& 9 ?is way no?+ prev5ts ,*ri/ be+ subject or s]vant to ! ,fa!r 9 human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #h73 ,*ri/ w give ! k+dom to ,god & ! ,fa!r1 :5 ,he has br\ght ! fai?ful1 ov] :om ,he n[ reigns by fai?1 to ! vision1 i4e4 to see ! ess5ce common to ! ,fa!r & ! ,son3 & !n ,he w be totally subject to ! ,fa!r n only 9 ,himself1 b also 9 ,8 memb]s by ! full p>ticipation ( ! ,godhead4 ,& !n all ?+s w be fully subject to ,him by ! f9al accompli%m5t ( ,8 w conc]n+ !m2 al?\gh ev5 n[ all ?+s are subject to ,him z reg>ds ,8 p[]1 accord+ to ,matt4 #bh3ah3 ,all p[] is giv5 to ,me 9 heav5 & 9 e>?4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bj1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,is ,subject to ,himself8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ is n subject to ,himself4 ,= ,cyril says 9 a synodal lett] :i* ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7,"p ,i1 *4 xxvi7 receiv$3 ,*ri/ is nei!r s]vant nor ma/] ( ,himself4 ,x is fooli%1 or r impi\s1 to ?9k or say ?is4 ,& ,damasc5e says ! same 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #ba73 ,! "o ,be+1 ,*ri/1 _c be ! s]vant or ma/] ( ,himself4 ,n[ ,*ri/ is said to be ! s]vant ( ! ,fa!r inasmu* z ,he is subject to ,him4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ is n subject to ,himself4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 s]vant has ref]5ce to ma/]4 ,n[ no?+ has a relation to itself1 h5ce ,hil>y says 7,de ,tr94 vii7 t no?+ is l or equal to itself4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ _c be said to be ! s]vant ( ,himself1 & consequ5tly to be subject to ,himself4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ! rational s\l & fle% are "o man2 s ,god & man are "o ,*ri/1 z ,a?anasius says 7,symb4 ,fid474 ,n[ man is n said to be subject to himself or s]vant to himself or great] ?an himself because 8 body is subject to 8 s\l4 ,!re=e1 ,*ri/ is n said to be subject to ,himself because ,8 ,manhood is subject to ,8 ,godhead4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i1 #g73 ,tru? %[s 9 ?is way 7i4e4 :]eby ! ,fa!r is great] ?an ,*ri/ 9 human nature7 t ! ,son is less ?an ,himself4 ,fur!r1 z he argues 7,de ,tr94 i1 #g71 ! =m ( a s]vant 0 s tak5 by ! ,son ( ,god t ! =m ( ,god 0 n lo/4 ,b because ( ! =m ( ,god1 :i* is common to ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 ! ,fa!r is great] ?an ! ,son 9 human nature4 ,!re=e ! ,son is great] ?an ,himself 9 human nature4 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ 9 ,8 human nature is ! s]vant ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 accord+ to ,john #bj3ag3 ,i asc5d to ,my ,fa!r & to y\r ,fa!r to ,my ,god & y\r ,god4 ,n[ :oev] is ! s]vant ( ! ,fa!r is ! s]vant ( ! ,son2 o!rwise n ev]y?+ t belongs to ! ,fa!r w\ld belong to ! ,son4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is ,8 own s]vant & is subject to ,himself4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 to be ma/] or s]vant is attribut$ to a p]son or hypo/asis accord+ to a nature4 ,h5ce :5 x is said t ,*ri/ is ! ma/] or s]vant ( ,himself1 or t ! ,^w ( ,god is ! ,ma/] ( ! ,man ,*ri/1 ?is may be und]/ood 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 s t ?is is und]/ood to be said by reason ( ano!r hypo/asis or p]son1 z if !re 0 ! p]son ( ! ,^w ( ,god rul+ & ! p]son ( ! man s]v+2 & ?is is ! h]esy ( ,ne/orius4 ,h5ce 9 ! condemnation ( ,ne/orius x is said 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7,"p ,,iii1 *4 i1 ana?4 #f73 ,if anyone say t ! ,^w begott5 ( ,god ! ,fa!r is ! ,god or ,"l ( ,*ri/1 & does n r confess ! same to be at once ,god & man z ! ,^w made fle%1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 let him be ana!ma4 ,& 9 ?is s5se x is d5i$ by ,cyril & ,damasc5e 7,obj4 #a72 & 9 ! same s5se mu/ x be d5i$ t ,*ri/ is less ?an ,himself or subject to ,himself4 ,secondly1 x may be und]/ood ( ! div]sity ( natures 9 ! "o p]son or hypo/asis4 ,& ?us we may say t 9 "o ( !m1 9 :i* ,he agrees ) ! ,fa!r1 ,he presides & rules toge!r ) ! ,fa!r2 & 9 ! o!r nature1 9 :i* ,he agrees ) u1 ,he is subject & s]ves1 & 9 ?is s5se ,augu/9e says t ! ,son is less ?an ,himself4 ,yet x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t s9ce ?is "n ,*ri/ is ! "n ( a ,p]son1 ev5 z ! "n ,son1 ^? ?+s c be pr$icat$ ess5tially & absolutely ( ,*ri/ :i* belong to ,him by reason ( ! ,p]son1 ,:i* is et]nal2 & especially ^? relations :i* seem m prop]ly to p]ta9 to ! ,p]son or ! hypo/asis4 ,b :atev] p]ta9s to ,him 9 ,8 human nature is r to be attribut$ to ,him ) a qualification2 s t we say t ,*ri/ is simply greate/1 ,"l1 ,rul]1 :]eas to be subject or s]vant or less is to be attribut$ to ,him ) ! qualification1 9 ,8 human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,cyril & ,damasc5e d5y t ,*ri/ is ! head ( ,himself inasmu* z ?is implies a plurality ( supposita1 :i* is requir$ 9 ord] t anyone may be ! ma/] ( ano!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,simply speak+ x is necess>y t ! ma/] & ! s]vant %\ld be di/9ct2 yet a c]ta9 notion ( ma/]%ip & subs]vi5ce may be pres]v$ inasmu* z ! same "o is ma/] ( ,himself 9 diff]5t respects4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,on acc\nt ( ! div]s p>ts ( man1 "o ( :i* is sup]ior & ! o!r inf]ior1 ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 v1 #aa7 t !re is ju/ice betwe5 a man & himself inasmu* z ! irascible & concupiscible p[]s obey reason4 ,h5ce ?is way a man may be said to be subject & subs]vi5t to ,himself z reg>ds ,8 diff]5t p>ts4 ,to ! o!r argum5ts1 ! reply is cle> f :at has be5 said4 ,= ,augu/9e ass]ts t ! ,son is less ?an1 or subject to1 ,himself 9 ,8 human nature1 & n by a div]sity ( supposita4 ,,"q #ba ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,pray] 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ,*ri/'s pray]2 & "u ?is head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x is becom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld pray8 7#b7 ,:e!r x p]ta9s to ,him 9 respect ( ,8 s5suality8 7#c7 ,:e!r x is becom+ to ,him to pray = ,himself or only = o!rs8 7#d7 ,:e!r e pray] ( ,8 0 he>d8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ba1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,is ,becom+ ( ,*ri/ to ,pray8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unbecom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld pray4 ,=1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bd71 pray] is ! ask+ = becom+ ?+s f ,god4 ,b s9ce ,*ri/ c\ld d all ?+s1 x does n seem becom+ to ,him to ask any?+ f anyone4 ,!re=e x does n seem fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld pray4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 we ne$ n ask 9 pray] = :at we "k = c]ta9 w happ52 ?us1 we d n pray t ! sun may rise tomorr[4 ,nor is x fitt+ t anyone %\ld ask 9 pray] = :at he kn[s w n happ54 ,b ,*ri/ 9 all ?+s knew :at w\ld happ54 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,he %\ld ask any?+ 9 pray]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bd7 t pray] is ! rais+ up ( ! m9d to ,god4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s m9d ne$$ no uplift+ to ,god1 s9ce ,8 m9d 0 always unit$ to ,god1 n only by ! union ( ! hypo/asis1 b by ! fruition ( beatitude4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld pray4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #f3ab73 ,& x came to pass 9 ^? days1 t ,he w5t out into a m\nta91 & ,he pass$ ! :ole night 9 ! pray] ( ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,q4 #hc1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b71 pray] is ! unfold+ ( our w to ,god1 t ,he may fulfill x4 ,if1 !re=e1 !re _h be5 b "o w 9 ,*ri/1 viz4 ! ,div9e1 x w\ld n[ise belong to ,him to pray1 s9ce ! ,div9e w ( itself is effective ( :atev] ,he wi%es by x1 accord+ to ,ps4 #acd3f3 ,:atsoev] ! ,"l pleas$1 ,he ha? done4 ,b because ! ,div9e & ! human wills are di/9ct 9 ,*ri/1 & ! human w ( itself is n efficaci\s en\gh to d :at x wi%es1 except by ,div9e p[]1 h5ce to pray belongs to ,*ri/ z man & z hav+ a human w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ z ,god & n z man 0 able to c>ry out all ,he wi%$1 s9ce z man ,he 0 n omnipot5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ac1 ,a4 #a74 ,nev]!less be+ bo? ,god & man1 ,he wi%$ to (f] pray]s to ! ,fa!r1 n z ?\gh ,he 7 incompet5t1 b = our in/ruction4 ,fir/1 t ,he might %[ ,himself to be f ! ,fa!r2 h5ce ,he says 7,john #aa3db73 ,because ( ! p :o /& ab\t ,i h said x 7i4e4 ! words ( ! pray]7 t !y may believe t ,?\ ha/ s5t ,me4 ,h5ce ,hil>y says 7,de ,tr94 x73 ,he did n ne$ pray]4 ,x 0 = u ,he pray$1 le/ ! ,son %\ld be unkn[n4 ,secondly1 to give u an example ( pray]2 h5ce ,ambrose says 7on ,luke #f3ab73 ,be n deceiv$1 nor ?9k t ! ,son ( ,god prays z a weakl+1 9 ord] to besee* :at ,he _c effect4 ,= ! ,au?or ( p[]1 ! ,ma/] ( ob$i5ce p]suades u to ! precepts ( virtue by ,8 example4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 civ 9 ,joan473 ,our ,"l 9 ! =m ( a s]vant c\ld h pray$ 9 sil5ce1 if ne$ be1 b ,he wi%$ to %[ ,himself a suppliant ( ! ,fa!r1 9 su* sort z to be> 9 m9d t ,he 0 our ,tea*]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,among/ ! o!r ?+s :i* ,he knew w\ld happ51 ,he knew t "s w\ld be br\ght ab\t by ,8 pray]2 & = ^! ,he n unbecom+ly bes\ght ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,to rise is no?+ m ?an to move t[>ds :at is above4 ,n[ movem5t is tak5 9 two ways1 z is said ,de ,anima iii1 #g2 fir/1 /rictly1 accord+ z x implies ! pass+ f pot5tiality to act1 inasmu* z x is ! act ( some?+ imp]fect1 & ?us to rise p]ta9s to :at is pot5tially & n actually above4 ,n[ 9 ?is s5se1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bd71 ! human m9d ( ,*ri/ did n ne$ to rise to ,god1 s9ce x 0 ev] unit$ to ,god bo? by p]sonal be+ & by ! bless$ vision4 ,secondly1 movem5t signifies ! act ( some?+ p]fect1 i4e4 some?+ exi/+ 9 act1 z to und]/& & to feel are call$ movem5ts2 & 9 ?is s5se ! m9d ( ,*ri/ 0 always rais$ up to ,god1 s9ce ,he 0 always contemplat+ ,him z exi/+ above ,himself4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ba1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,p]ta9s to ,*ri/ to ,pray ,accord+ to ,8 ,s5suality8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x p]ta9s to ,*ri/ to pray accord+ to ,8 s5suality4 ,= x is writt5 7,ps4 #hc3c7 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/3 ,my he>t & ,my fle% h rejoic$ 9 ! ,liv+ ,god4 ,n[ s5suality is call$ ! appetite ( ! fle%4 ,h5ce ,*ri/'s s5suality c\ld asc5d to ! ,liv+ ,god by rejoic+2 & ) equal reason by pray+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 pray] w\ld seem to p]ta9 to t :i* desires :at is bes\ght4 ,n[ ,*ri/ bes\ght some?+ t ,8 s5suality desir$ :5 ,he said 7,matt4 #bf3ci73 ,let ?is *alice pass f ,me4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s s5suality pray$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is a great] ?+ to be unit$ to ,god 9 p]son ?an to m\nt to ,him 9 pray]4 ,b ! s5suality 0 assum$ by ,god to ! unity ( ,p]son1 ev5 z e o!r "p ( human nature4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 c\ld x m\nt to ,god by pray]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,phil4 #b3g7 t ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! nature t ,he assum$ 0 made 9 ! lik5ess ( m54 ,b ! re/ ( m5 d n pray ) _! s5suality4 ,!re=e1 nei!r did ,*ri/ pray accord+ to ,8 s5suality4 ,i answ] t1 ,to pray accord+ to s5suality may be und]/ood 9 two ways4 ,fir/ z if pray] itself 7 an act ( ! s5suality2 & 9 ?is s5se ,*ri/ did n pray ) ,8 s5suality1 s9ce ,8 s5suality 0 ( ! same nature & species 9 ,*ri/ z 9 u4 ,n[ 9 u ! s5suality _c pray = two reasons2 fir/ because ! movem5t ( ! s5suality _c transc5d s5sible ?+s1 &1 consequ5tly1 x _c m\nt to ,god1 :i* is requir$ = pray]2 secondly1 because pray] implies a c]ta9 ord]+ inasmu* z we desire some?+ to be fulfill$ by ,god2 & ?is is ! "w ( reason alone4 ,h5ce pray] is an act ( ! reason1 z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #hc1 ,a4 #a74 ,secondly1 we may be said to pray accord+ to ! s5suality :5 our pray] lays be=e ,god :at is 9 our appetite ( s5suality2 & 9 ?is s5se ,*ri/ pray$ ) ,8 s5suality inasmu* z ,8 pray] express$ ! desire ( ,8 s5suality1 z if x 7 ! advocate ( ! s5suality--& ?is1 t ,he might tea* u ?ree ?+s4 ,fir/1 to %[ t ,he _h tak5 a true human nature1 ) all its natural affections3 secondly1 to %[ t a man may wi% ) 8 natural desire :at ,god does n wi%3 ?irdly1 to %[ t man %\ld subject 8 own w to ! ,div9e w4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 9 ! ,en*iridion 7,s]m4 #a 9 ,ps4 #cb73 ,*ri/ act+ z a man1 %[s ! prop] w ( a man :5 ,he says ',let ?is *alice pass f ,me'2 = ?is 0 ! human w desir+ some?+ prop] to itself &1 s to say1 private4 ,b because ,he wi%es man to be righte\s & to be direct$ to ,god1 ,he adds3 ',nev]!less n z ,i w b z ,?\ wilt1' z if to say1 ',see ?yself 9 ,me1 = ?\ can/ desire some?+ prop] to !e1 ev5 ?\gh ,god wi%es some?+ else4' ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! fle% rejoices 9 ! ,liv+ ,god1 n by ! act ( ! fle% m\nt+ to ,god1 b by ! outp\r+ ( ! he>t into ! fle%1 inasmu* z ! s5sitive appetite foll[s ! movem5t ( ! rational appetite4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ! s5suality wi%$ :at ! reason bes\ght1 x did n belong to ! s5suality to seek ?is by pray+1 b to ! reason1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! union 9 p]son is accord+ to ! p]sonal be+1 :i* p]ta9s to e "p ( ! human nature2 b ! uplift+ ( pray] is by an act :i* p]ta9s only to ! reason1 z /at$ above4 ,h5ce !re is no p>ity4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ba1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,pray = ,himself8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld pray = ,himself4 ,= ,hil>y says 7,de ,tr94 x73 ,al?\gh ,8 ^w ( besee*+ did n b5efit ,himself1 yet ,he spoke = ! pr(it ( our fai?4 ,h5ce x seems t ,*ri/ pray$ n = ,himself b = u4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no "o prays save = :at ,he wi%es1 because1 z 0 said 7,a4 #a71 pray] is an unfold+ ( our w to ,god t ,he may fulfil x4 ,n[ ,*ri/ wi%$ to suff] :at ,he suff]$4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xxvi73 ,a man1 ?\gh unwill+1 is (t5 angry2 ?\gh unwill+1 is sad2 ?\gh unwill+1 sleeps2 ?\gh unwill+1 hung]s & ?ir/s4 ,b ,he 7i4e4 ,*ri/7 did all ^! ?+s1 because ,he wi%$4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,he %\ld pray = ,himself4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,cyprian says 7,de ,orat4 ,dom473 ,! ,doctor ( ,peace & ,ma/] ( ,unity did n wi% pray]s to be (f]$ individually & privately1 le/ :5 we pray$ we %\ld pray = ourselves alone4 ,n[ ,*ri/ did :at ,he taught1 accord+ to ,acts #a3a3 ,jesus began to d & to tea*4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ nev] pray$ = ,himself alone4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l ,himself said :ile pray+ 7,john #ag3a73 ,glorify ,?y ,son4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ pray$ = ,himself 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 by express+ ! desire ( ,8 s5suality1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b72 or also ( ,8 simple w1 consid]$ z a nature2 z :5 ,he pray$ t ! *alice ( ,8 ,passion might pass f ,him 7,matt4 #bf3ci74 ,secondly1 by express+ ! desire ( ,8 delib]ate w1 :i* is consid]$ z reason2 z :5 ,he pray$ = ! glory ( ,8 ,resurrection 7,john #ag3a74 ,& ?is is reasonable4 ,= z we h said above 7,a4 #a1 ad #a7 ,*ri/ wi%$ to pray to ,8 ,fa!r 9 ord] to give u an example ( pray+2 & also to %[ t ,8 ,fa!r is ! au?or bo? ( ,8 et]nal procession 9 ! ,div9e ,nature1 & ( all ! good t ,he possesses 9 ! human nature4 ,n[ j z 9 ,8 human nature ,he _h already receiv$ c]ta9 gifts f ,8 ,fa!r4 s !re 7 o!r gifts :i* ,he _h n yet receiv$1 b :i* ,he expect$ to receive4 ,& !re=e1 z ,he gave ?anks to ! ,fa!r = gifts already receiv$ 9 ,8 human nature1 by ackn[l$g+ ,him z ! au?or !re(1 z we read 7,matt4 #bf3bg2 ,john #aa3da73 s also1 9 recognition ( ,8 ,fa!r1 ,he bes\ght ,him 9 pray] = ^? gifts /ill due to ,him 9 ,8 human nature1 su* z ! glory ( ,8 body1 & ! l4 ,& 9 ?is ,he gave u an example1 t we %\ld give ?anks = b5efits receiv$1 & ask 9 pray] = ^? we h n z yet4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,hil>y is speak+ ( vocal pray]1 :i* 0 n necess>y to ,him = ,8 own sake1 b only = ours4 ,:5ce he says po9t$ly t ,8 ^w ( besee*+ did n b5efit ,himself4 ,= if ! ,"l he>s ! desire ( ! poor1 z is said 9 ! ,ps4 #i3ch1 mu* m ! m]e w ( ,*ri/ has ! =ce ( a pray] ) ! ,fa!r3 :]e=e ,he said 7,john #aa3db73 ,i "k t ,?\ he>e/ ,me always1 b because ( ! p :o /& ab\t h ,i said x1 t !y may believe t ,?\ ha/ s5t ,me4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ wi%$ inde$ to suff] :at ,he suff]$1 at t p>ticul> "t3 nev]!less ,he wi%$ to obta91 aft] ,8 passion1 ! glory ( ,8 body1 :i* z yet ,he _h n4 ,?is glory ,he expect$ to receive f ,8 ,fa!r z ! au?or !re(1 & !re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld pray to ,him = x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is v glory :i* ,*ri/1 :ile pray+1 bes\ght = ,himself1 p]ta9$ to ! salvation ( o!rs accord+ to ,rom4 #d3be3 ,he rose aga9 = our ju/ification4 ,consequ5tly ! pray] :i* ,he (f]$ = ,himself 0 also 9 a mann] (f]$ = o!rs4 ,s also anyone t asks a boon ( ,god t he may use x = ! good ( o!rs1 prays n only = himself1 b also = o!rs4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ba1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,pray] ,0 ,always ,he>d8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s pray] 0 n always he>d4 ,= ,he bes\ght t ! *alice ( ,8 passion might be tak5 f ,him1 z we read 7,matt4 #bf3ci73 & yet x 0 n tak5 f ,him4 ,!re=e x seems t n e pray] ( ,8 0 he>d4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,he pray$ t ! s9 ( ^? :o crucifi$ ,him might be =giv51 z is relat$ 7,luke #bc3cd74 ,yet n all 7 p>don$ ?is s91 s9ce ! ,jews 7 puni%$ on acc\nt !re(4 ,!re=e x seems t n e pray] ( ,8 0 he>d4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l pray$ = !m :o w\ld believe 9 ,him ?r\gh ! ^w ( ! apo/les1 t !y might all be "o 9 ,him1 & t !y might atta9 to be+ ) ,him 7,john #ag3bj1 #ba1 #bd74 ,b n all atta9 to ?is4 ,!re=e n e pray] ( ,8 0 he>d4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x is said 7,ps4 #ba3c7 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/3 ,i %all cry by day1 & ,?\ wilt n he>4 ,n e pray] ( ,81 !re=e1 0 he>d4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #e3g73 ,) a /rong cry & te>s (f]+ up pray]s 4 4 4 ,he 0 he>d = ,8 rev]5ce4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 pray] is a c]ta9 manife/ation ( ! human w4 ,:]e=e1 !n is ! reque/ ( "o :o prays grant$1 :5 8 w is fulfill$4 ,n[ absolutely speak+ ! w ( man is ! w ( reason2 = we w absolutely t :i* we w 9 accordance ) reason's delib]ation4 ,:]eas :at we w 9 accordance ) ! movem5t ( s5suality1 or ev5 ( ! simple w1 :i* is consid]$ z nature is will$ n absolutely b conditionally 7secundum quid7--t is1 provid$ no ob/acle be discov]$ by reason's delib]ation4 ,:]e=e su* a w %\ld r be call$ a velleity ?an an absolute w2 because "o w\ld w 7vellet7 if !re 7 no ob/acle4 ,b accord+ to ! w ( reason1 ,*ri/ will$ no?+ b :at ,he knew ,god to w4 ,:]e=e e absolute w ( ,*ri/1 ev5 human1 0 fulfill$1 because x 0 9 con=mity ) ,god2 & consequ5tly ,8 e pray] 0 fulfill$4 ,= 9 ?is respect also is x t o!r m5's pray]s are fulfill$1 9 t _! w is 9 con=mity ) ,god1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3bg3 ,& ,he t se>*e? ! he>ts kn[e?1 t is1 approves (1 :at ! ,_s desire?1 t is1 :at ! ,_s makes ! sa9ts to desire3 because ,he aske? = ! sa9ts accord+ to ,god1 t is1 9 con=mity ) ! ,div9e w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is pray] = ! pass+ ( ! *alice is v>i\sly expla9$ by ! ,sa9ts4 ,= ,hil>y 7,sup] ,mat?4 #ca7 says3 ,:5 ,he asks t ?is may pass f ,him1 ,he does n pray t x may pass by ,him1 b t o!rs may %>e 9 t :i* passes on f ,him to !m2 ,s t ! s5se is3 ,z ,i am p>tak+ ( ! *alice ( ! passion1 s may o!rs dr9k ( x1 ) unfail+ hope1 ) unfl9*+ angui%1 )\t fe> ( dea?4 ,or accord+ to ,j]ome 7on ,matt4 #bf3ci73 ,he says po9t$ly1 ',?is *alice1' t is ( ! ,jewi% p1 :o _c allege ignorance z an excuse = putt+ ,me to dea?1 s9ce !y h ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 :o =etold conc]n+ ,me4 ,or1 accord+ to ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria 7,de ,m>tyr4 ad ,orig5 #g73 ,:5 ,he says ',remove ?is *alice f ,me1' ,he does n mean1 ',let x n come to ,me'2 = if x come n1 x _c be remov$4 ,b1 z t :i* passes is nei!r unt\*$ nor yet p]man5t1 s ! ,savi\r besee*es1 t a slightly press+ trial may be repuls$4 ,la/ly1 ,ambrose1 ,orig5 & ,*ryso/om say t ,he pray$ ?us z man1 be+ reluctant to die accord+ to ,8 natural w4 ,?us1 !re=e1 :e!r we und]/&1 accord+ to ,hil>y1 t ,he ?us pray$ t o!r m>tyrs might be imitators ( ,8 ,passion1 or t ,he pray$ t ! fe> ( dr9k+ ,8 *alice might n tr\ble ,him1 or t dea? might n )hold ,him1 ,8 pray] 0 entirely fulfill$4 ,b if we und]/& t ,he pray$ t ,he might n dr9k ! *alice ( ,8 passion & dea?2 or t ,he might n dr9k x at ! h&s ( ! ,jews2 :at ,he bes\ght 0 n inde$ fulfill$1 because ,8 reason :i* =m$ ! petition did n desire its fulfilm5t1 b = our in/ruction1 x 0 ,8 w to make kn[n to u ,8 natural w1 & ! movem5t ( ,8 s5suality1 :i* 0 ,8 z man4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,our ,"l did n pray = all ^? :o crucifi$ ,him1 z nei!r did ,he = all ^? :o w\ld believe 9 ,him2 b = ^? only :o 7 pr$e/9at$ to obta9 et]nal life ?r\gh ,him4 ,:]e=e ! reply to ! ?ird objection is also manife/4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,:5 ,he says3 ,i %all cry & ,?\ wilt n he>1 we mu/ take ?is z ref]r+ to ! desire ( s5suality1 :i* %unn$ dea?4 ,b ,he is he>d z to ! desire ( ,8 reason1 z /at$ above4 ,,"q #bb ,,( ,,! ,,prie/hood ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! ,prie/hood ( ,*ri/2 & "u ?is head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x is fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be a prie/8 7#b7 ,( ! victim (f]$ by ?is prie/2 7#c7 ,( ! effect ( ?is prie/hood2 7#d7 ,:e!r ! effect ( ,8 prie/hood p]ta9s to ,himself1 or only to o!rs8 7#e7 ,( ! et]nal duration ( ,8 prie/hood2 7#f7 ,:e!r ,he %\ld be call$ a prie/ accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bb1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,is ,fitt+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,be a ,prie/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be a prie/4 ,= a prie/ is less ?an an angel2 :5ce x is writt5 7,ze*4 #c3a73 ,! ,"l %[$ me ! high-prie/ /&+ be=e ! angel ( ! ,"l4 ,b ,*ri/ is great] ?an ! angels1 accord+ to ,heb4 #a3d3 ,be+ made s mu* bett] ?an ! angels1 z ,he ha? inh]it$ a m excell5t "n ?an !y4 ,!re=e x is unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be a prie/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?+s :i* 7 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 figures ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,col4 #b3ag3 ,:i* are a %ad[ ( ?+s to come1 b ! body is ,*ri/'s4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 n desc5d$ f ! prie/s ( ! ,old ,law1 = ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #g3ad73 ,x is evid5t t our ,"l sprang out ( ,judah1 9 :i* tribe ,moses spoke no?+ conc]n+ prie/s4 ,!re=e x is n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be a prie/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! ,old ,law1 :i* is a figure ( ,*ri/1 ! lawgiv]s & ! prie/s 7 di/9ct3 :]e=e ! ,"l said to ,moses ! lawgiv] 7,ex4 #bh3a73 ,take unto !e ,a>on1 ?y bro!r 4 4 4 t he ,vulg43 '!y' may m9i/] to ,me 9 ! prie/'s (fice4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! giv] ( ! ,new ,law1 accord+ to ,j]4 #ca3cc3 ,i w give ,my law 9 _! b[els4 ,!re=e x is unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be a prie/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #d3ad73 ,we h ,vulg43 ',hav+' !re=e a great high-prie/ t ha? pass$ into ! heav5s1 ,jesus1 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,! (fice prop] to a prie/ is to be a m$iator betwe5 ,god & ! p3 to wit1 inasmu* z ,he be/[s ,div9e ?+s on ! p1 :]e=e sac]dos 7prie/7 means a giv] ( sacr$ ?+s 7sacra dans71 accord+ to ,mala*i #b3g3 ,!y %all seek ! law at 81 i4e4 ! prie/'s1 m\?2 & aga91 =asmu* z he (f]s up ! p's pray]s to ,god1 &1 9 a mann]1 makes satisfaction to ,god = _! s9s2 :]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #e3a73 ,e high-prie/ tak5 f among m5 is orda9$ = m5 9 ! ?+s t app]ta9 to ,god1 t he may (f] up gifts & sacrifices = s9s4 ,n[ ?is is mo/ befitt+ to ,*ri/4 ,= ?r\gh ,him are gifts be/[$ on m51 accord+ to #b ,pet4 #a3d3 ,by ,:om 7i4e4 ,*ri/7 ,he ha? giv5 u mo/ great & preci\s promises1 t by ^! y may be made p>tak]s ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,moreov]1 ,he reconcil$ ! human race to ,god1 accord+ to ,col4 #a3ai1 #bj3 ,9 ,him 7i4e4 ,*ri/7 x ha? well pleas$ 7! ,fa!r7 t all fulness %\ld dwell1 & ?r\gh ,him to reconcile all ?+s unto ,himself4 ,!re=e x is mo/ fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be a prie/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,hi]>*ical p[] app]ta9s to ! angels1 inasmu* z !y also are betwe5 ,god & man1 z ,dionysius expla9s 7,coel4 ,hi]4 ix71 s t ! prie/ himself1 z be+ betwe5 ,god & man1 is call$ an angel1 accord+ to ,mala*i #b3g3 ,he is ! angel ( ! ,"l ( ho/s4 ,n[ ,*ri/ 0 great] ?an ! angels1 n only 9 ,8 ,godhead1 b also 9 ,8 humanity1 z hav+ ! fulness ( grace & glory4 ,:]e=e also ,he _h ! hi]>*ical or prie/ly p[] 9 a high] degree ?an ! angels1 s t ev5 ! angels 7 m9i/]s ( ,8 prie/hood1 accord+ to ,matt4 #d3aa3 ,angels came & m9i/]$ unto ,him4 ,b1 9 reg>d to ,8 passibility1 ,he 0 made a little l[] ?an ! angels1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #b3i73 & ?us ,he 0 con=m$ to ^? wayf>]s :o are orda9$ to ! prie/hood4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii1 #bf73 ,:at is l 9 e p>ticul> mu/ be1 ( c\rse1 id5tical1 & n a copy4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! prie/hood ( ! ,old ,law 0 a figure ( ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/1 ,he did n wi% to be born ( ! /ock ( ! figurative prie/s1 t x might be made cle> t ,8 prie/hood is n q ! same z !irs1 b diff]s !refrom z tru? f figure4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #g1 ad #a71 o!r m5 h c]ta9 graces di/ribut$ among !m3 b ,*ri/1 z be+ ! ,head ( all1 has ! p]fection ( all graces4 ,:]e=e1 z to o!rs1 "o is a lawgiv]1 ano!r is a prie/1 ano!r is a k+2 b all ^! concur 9 ,*ri/1 z ! f\nt ( all grace4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,isa4 #cc3bb73 ,! ,"l is our ,judge1 ! ,"l is our law-giv]1 ! ,"l is our ,k+3 ,he w come & save u4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bb1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ,himself ,bo? ,prie/ & ,victim8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ ,himself 0 n bo? prie/ & victim4 ,= x is ! duty ( ! prie/ to slay ! victim4 ,b ,*ri/ did n kill ,himself4 ,!re=e ,he 0 n bo? prie/ & victim4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ has a great] simil>ity to ! ,jewi% prie/hood1 in/itut$ by ,god1 ?an to ! prie/hood ( ! ,g5tiles1 by :i* ! demons 7 wor%ip$4 ,n[ 9 ! old ,law man 0 nev] (f]$ up 9 sacrifice3 :]eas ?is 0 v mu* to be repreh5d$ 9 ! sacrifices ( ! ,g5tiles1 accord+ to ,ps4 #aje3ch3 ,!y %$ innoc5t blood2 ! blood ( _! sons & ( _! daught]s1 :i* !y sacrific$ to ! idols ( ,*anaan4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/'s prie/hood ! ,man ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 ! victim4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 e victim1 ?r\gh be+ (f]$ to ,god1 is consecrat$ to ,god4 ,b ! humanity ( ,*ri/ 0 f ! beg9n+ consecrat$ & unit$ to ,god4 ,!re=e x _c be said fitt+ly t ,*ri/ z man 0 a victim4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #e3b73 ,*ri/ ha? lov$ u1 & ha? deliv]$ ,himself = u1 an oblation & a victim ,d\ay3 'sacrifice' to ,god = an odor ( sweetness4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei x1 #e73 ,e visible sacrifice is a sacram5t1 t is a sacr$ sign1 ( ! invisible sacrifice4 ,n[ ! invisible sacrifice is t by :i* a man (f]s 8 _s to ,god1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ej3ai3 ,a sacrifice to ,god is an afflict$ _s4 ,:]e=e1 :atev] is (f]$ to ,god 9 ord] to raise man's _s to ,him1 may be call$ a sacrifice4 ,n[ man is requir$ to (f] sacrifice = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 = ! remission ( s91 by :i* he is turn$ away f ,god4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #e3a7 t x app]ta9s to ! prie/ to (f] gifts & sacrifices = s9s4 ,secondly1 t man may be pres]v$ 9 a /ate ( grace1 by ev] adh]+ to ,god1 :]e9 8 peace & salvation consi/4 ,:]e=e "u ! old ,law ! sacrifice ( peace-(f]+s 0 (f]$ up = ! salvation ( ! (f]]s1 z is prescrib$ 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ,leviticus4 ,?irdly1 9 ord] t ! _s ( man be p]fectly unit$ to ,god3 :i* w be mo/ p]fectly realiz$ 9 glory4 ,h5ce1 "u ! ,old ,law1 ! holocau/ 0 (f]$1 s call$ because ! victim 0 :olly burnt1 z we read 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,leviticus4 ,n[ ^! effects 7 conf]r$ on u by ! humanity ( ,*ri/4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 our s9s 7 blott$ out1 accord+ to ,rom4 #d3be3 ,:o 0 deliv]$ up = our s9s4 ,secondly1 ?r\gh ,him we receiv$ ! grace ( salvation1 accord+ to ,heb4 #e3i3 ,he became to all t obey ,him ! cause ( et]nal salvation4 ,?irdly1 ?r\gh ,him we h acquir$ ! p]fection ( glory1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aj3ai3 ,we h ,vulg43 ',hav+' a confid5ce 9 ! ent]+ into ! ,holies 7i4e4 ! heav5ly glory7 ?r\gh ,8 ,blood4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ ,himself1 z man1 0 n only prie/1 b also a p]fect victim1 be+ at ! same "t victim = s91 victim = a peace-(f]+1 & a holocau/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ did n slay ,himself1 b ( ,8 own free-w ,he expos$ ,himself to dea?1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3g3 ,he 0 (f]$ because x 0 ,8 own w4 ,?us ,he is said to h (f]$ ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! slay+ ( ! ,man ,*ri/ may be ref]r$ to a tw(old w4 ,fir/1 to ! w ( ^? :o slew ,him3 & 9 ?is respect ,he 0 n a victim3 = ! slay]s ( ,*ri/ are n acc\nt$ z (f]+ a sacrifice to ,god1 b z guilty ( a great crime3 a similitude ( :i* 0 borne by ! wick$ sacrifices ( ! ,g5tiles1 9 :i* !y (f]$ up m5 to idols4 ,secondly1 ! slay+ ( ,*ri/ may be consid]$ 9 ref]5ce to ! w ( ! ,suff]]1 ,:o freely (f]$ ,himself to suff]+4 ,9 ?is respect ,he is a victim1 & 9 ?is ,he diff]s f ! sacrifices ( ! ,g5tiles4 7,! reply to ! ?ird objection is want+ 9 ! orig9al manuscripts1 b x may be ga!r$ f ! above4--,ed47 99,"s editions1 h[ev]1 give ! foll[+ reply3 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! fact t ,*ri/'s manhood 0 holy f its beg9n+ does n prev5t t same manhood1 :5 x 0 (f]$ to ,god 9 ! ,passion1 be+ sanctifi$ 9 a new way--namely1 z a victim actually (f]$ !n4 ,= x acquir$ !n ! actual hol9ess ( a victim1 f ! *>ity :i* x _h f ! beg9n+1 & f ! grace ( union sanctify+ x absolutely4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bb1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,effect ( ,*ri/'s ,prie/hood ,is ! ,expiation ( ,s9s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! effect ( ,*ri/'s prie/hood is n ! expiation ( s9s4 ,= x belongs to ,god alone to blot out s9s1 accord+ to ,isa4 #dc3be3 ,i am ,he t blot out ?y iniquities = ,my own sake4 ,b ,*ri/ is prie/1 n z ,god1 b z man4 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ does n expiate s9s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #aj3a-c7 t ! victims ( ! ,old ,te/am5t c\ld n make 7! com]s !reunto7 p]fect3 = !n !y w\ld h ceas$ to be (f]$2 because ! wor%ip]s once cleans$ %\ld h no consci5ce ( s9 any long]2 b 9 !m !re is made a commemoration ( s9s e ye>4 ,b 9 l mann] "u ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ a commemoration ( s9s is made 9 ! words3 ,=give u our trespasses 7,matt4 #f3ab74 ,moreov]1 ! ,sacrifice is (f]$ cont9u\sly 9 ! ,*ur*2 :]e=e aga9 we say3 ,give u ?is day our daily bread4 ,!re=e s9s are n expiat$ by ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! s9-(f]+s ( ! ,old ,law1 a he-goat 0 mo/ly (f]$ = ! s9 ( a pr9ce1 a %e-goat = ! s9 ( "s private individual1 a calf = ! s9 ( a prie/1 z we ga!r f ,lev4 #d3c1 #bc1 #bh4 ,b ,*ri/ is comp>$ to none ( ^!1 b to ! lamb1 accord+ to ,j]4 #aa3ai3 ,i 0 z a meek lamb1 t is c>ri$ to be a victim4 ,!re=e x seems t ,8 prie/hood does n expiate s9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #i3ad73 ,! blood ( ,*ri/1 ,:o by ! ,holy ,gho/ (f]$ ,himself unspott$ unto ,god1 %all cleanse our consci5ce f dead works1 to s]ve ! liv+ ,god4 ,b dead works d5ote s9s4 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ has ! p[] to cleanse f s9s4 ,i answ] t1 ,two ?+s are requir$ = ! p]fect cleans+ f s9s1 correspond+ to ! two ?+s compris$ 9 s9--namely1 ! /a9 ( s9 & ! debt ( puni%m5t4 ,! /a9 ( s9 is1 inde$1 blott$ out by grace1 by :i* ! s9n]'s he>t is turn$ to ,god3 :]eas ! debt ( puni%m5t is entirely remov$ by ! satisfaction t man (f]s to ,god4 ,n[ ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ produces bo? ^! effects4 ,= by its virtue grace is giv5 to u1 by :i* our he>ts are turn$ to ,god1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3bd1 #be3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ freely by ,8 grace1 ?r\gh ! r$emption t is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4 ,moreov]1 ,he satisfi$ = u fully1 inasmu* z ,he ha? borne our infirmities & c>ri$ our sorr[s 7,isa4 #ec3d74 ,:]e=e x is cle> t ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ has full p[] to expiate s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ 0 a prie/1 n z ,god1 b z man1 yet "o & ! same 0 bo? prie/ & ,god4 ,:]e=e 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 99,"p ,,iii1 *4 i1 ana?4 #aj we read3 ,if anyone say t ! v ,^w ( ,god did n become our ,high-,prie/ & ,apo/le1 :5 ,he became fle% & a man l u1 b altoge!r ano!r "o1 ! man born ( a woman1 let him be ana!ma4 ,h5ce 9 s f> z ,8 human nature op]at$ by virtue ( ! ,div9e1 t sacrifice 0 mo/ efficaci\s = ! blott+ out ( s9s4 ,= ?is reason ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv1 #ad73 ,s t1 s9ce f\r ?+s are to be obs]v$ 9 e sacrifice--to :om x is (f]$1 by :om x is (f]$1 :at is (f]$1 = :om x is (f]$2 ! same "o true ,m$iator reconcil+ u to ,god by ! sacrifice ( peace1 0 "o ) ,him to ,:om x 0 (f]$1 unit$ 9 ,himself ^? = :om ,he (f]$ x1 at ! same "t (f]$ x ,himself1 & 0 ,himself t :i* ,he (f]$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s9s are commemorat$ 9 ! ,new ,law1 n on acc\nt ( ! inefficacy ( ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/1 z ?\gh s9s 7 n suffici5tly expiat$ by ,him3 b 9 reg>d to ^? :o ei!r are n will+ to be p>ticipators 9 ,8 sacrifice1 su* z unbeliev]s1 = ^: s9s we pray t !y be conv]t$2 or :o1 aft] tak+ "p 9 ?is sacrifice1 fall away f x by :atsoev] k9d ( s94 ,! ,sacrifice :i* is (f]$ e day 9 ! ,*ur* is n di/9ct f t :i* ,*ri/ ,himself (f]$1 b is a commemoration !re(4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,de4 x1 #bj73 ,*ri/ ,himself bo? is ! prie/ :o (f]s x & ! victim3 ! sacr$ tok5 ( :i* ,he wi%$ to be ! daily ,sacrifice ( ! ,*ur*4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,orig5 says 7,sup4 ,joan4 i1 #bi71 ?\gh v>i\s animals 7 (f]$ up "u ! ,old ,law1 yet ! daily sacrifice1 :i* 0 (f]$ up morn+ & ev5+1 0 a lamb1 z appe>s f ,num4 #ch3c1 #d4 ,by :i* x 0 signifi$ t ! (f]+ up ( ! true lamb1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 0 ! culm9at+ sacrifice ( all4 ,h5ce 7,john #a3bi7 x is said3 ,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god1 behold ,him ,:o take? away ! s9s ,vulg43 's9' ( ! _w4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bb1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,effect ( ! ,prie/hood ( ,*ri/ ,p]ta9$ ,n ,only to ,o!rs1 b ,also to ,himself8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! effect ( ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ p]ta9$ n only to o!rs1 b also to ,himself4 ,= x belongs to ! prie/'s (fice to pray = ! p1 accord+ to #b ,macc4 #a3bc3 ,! prie/s made pray] :ile ! sacrifice 0 consum+4 ,n[ ,*ri/ pray$ n only = o!rs1 b also = ,himself1 z we h said above 7,q4 #ba1 ,a4 #c71 & z expressly /at$ 7,heb4 #e3g73 ,9 ! days ( ,8 fle%1 ) a /rong cry & te>s ,he (f]$ ,vulg43 '(f]+' up pray]s & supplications to ,him t 0 able to save ,him f dea?4 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ _h an effect n only 9 o!rs1 b also 9 ,himself4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ,8 passion ,*ri/ (f]$ ,himself z a sacrifice4 ,b by ,8 passion ,he m]it$1 n only = o!rs1 b also = ,himself1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ai1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ _h an effect n only 9 o!rs1 b also 9 ,himself4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/hood ( ! ,old ,law 0 a figure ( ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/4 ,b ! prie/ ( ! ,old ,law (f]$ sacrifice n only = o!rs1 b also = himself3 = x is writt5 7,lev4 #af3ag7 t ! high-prie/ goe? into ! sanctu>y to pray = himself & 8 h\se1 & = ! :ole congregation ( ,israel4 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ also _h an effect n m]ely 9 o!rs1 b also 9 ,himself4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we read 9 ! acts ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 99,"p ,,iii1 *4 i1 ana?4 #aj3 ,if anyone say t ,*ri/ (f]$ sacrifice = ,himself1 & n r = u alone 7= ,he ,:o knew n s9 ne$$ no sacrifice71 let him be ana!ma4 ,b ! prie/'s (fice consi/s pr9cipally 9 (f]+ sacrifice4 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ _h no effect 9 ,himself4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 a prie/ is set betwe5 ,god & man4 ,n[ he ne$s someone betwe5 himself & ,god1 :o ( himself _c approa* to ,god2 & su* a "o is subject to ! prie/hood by %>+ 9 ! effect !re(4 ,b ?is _c be said ( ,*ri/2 = ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #g3be73 ,com+ ( ,himself to ,god1 always liv+ to make int]cession = u ,vulg43 ',he is able to save = ev] !m t come to ,god by ,him2 always liv+1' etc44 ,& !re=e x is n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be ! recipi5t ( ! effect ( ,8 prie/hood1 b r to communicate x to o!rs4 ,= ! influ5ce ( ! fir/ ag5t 9 e g5us is su* t x receives no?+ 9 t g5us3 ?us ! sun gives b does n receive light2 fire gives b does n receive heat4 ,n[ ,*ri/ is ! f\nta9-head ( ! entire prie/hood3 = ! prie/ ( ! ,old ,law 0 a figure ( ,him2 :ile ! prie/ ( ! ,new ,law works 9 ,8 p]son1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #b3aj3 ,= :at ,i h p>don$1 if ,i h p>don$ any?+1 = y\r sakes h ,i done x 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x is n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld receive ! effect ( ,8 prie/hood4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh pray] is befitt+ to prie/s1 x is n _! prop] (fice1 = x is befitt+ to ev]yone to pray bo? = himself & = o!rs1 accord+ to ,james #e3af3 ,pray = "o ano!r t y may be sav$4 ,& s we may say t ! pray] by :i* ,*ri/ pray$ = ,himself 0 n an action ( ,8 prie/hood4 ,b ?is answ] seems to be preclud$ by ! ,apo/le1 :o1 aft] say+ 7,heb4 #e3f71 ,?\ art a prie/ = ev] accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*1 adds1 ,:o 9 ! days ( ,8 fle% (f]+ up pay]s1 etc41 z quot$ above 7,obj4 #a73 s t x seems t ! pray] :i* ,*ri/ (f]$ p]ta9$ to ,8 prie/hood4 ,we mu/ !re=e say t o!r prie/s p>take 9 ! effect ( _! prie/hood1 n z prie/s1 b z s9n]s1 z we %all /ate f>!r on 7ad #c74 ,b ,*ri/ _h1 simply speak+1 no s92 ?\gh ,he _h ! lik5ess ( s9 9 ! fle% ,vulg43 's9ful fle%'1 z is writt5 ,rom4 #h3c4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 we mu/ n say simply t ,he p>took ( ! effect ( ,8 prie/hood b ) ?is qualification-- 9 reg>d to ! passibility ( ! fle%4 ,:]e=e he adds po9t$ly1 t 0 able to save ,him f dea?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,two ?+s may be consid]$ 9 ! (f]+ ( a sacrifice by any prie/--namely1 ! sacrifice itself :i* is (f]$1 & ! devotion ( ! (f]]4 ,n[ ! prop] effect ( prie/hood is t :i* results f ! sacrifice itself4 ,b ,*ri/ obta9$ a result f ,8 passion1 n z by virtue ( ! sacrifice1 :i* is (f]$ by way ( satisfaction1 b by ! v devotion ) :i* out ( *>ity ,he humbly endur$ ! passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a figure _c equal ! reality1 :]e=e ! figural prie/ ( ! ,old ,law c\ld n atta9 to su* p]fection z n to ne$ a sacrifice ( satisfaction4 ,b ,*ri/ did n /& 9 ne$ ( ?is4 ,consequ5tly1 !re is no comp>ison betwe5 ! two2 & ?is is :at ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #g3bh73 ,! ,law make? m5 prie/s1 :o h infirmity2 b ! ^w ( ! oa?1 :i* 0 s9ce ! ,law1 ! ,son ,:o is p]fect$ = ev]more4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bb1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,prie/hood ( ,*ri/ ,endures = ,ev]8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ does n endure = ev]4 ,= z /at$ above 7,a4 #d1 ad #a1 #c7 ^? alone ne$ ! effect ( ! prie/hood :o h ! weakness ( s91 :i* c be expiat$ by ! prie/'s sacrifice4 ,b ?is w n be = ev]4 ,= 9 ! ,sa9ts !re w be no weakness1 accord+ to ,isa4 #fj3ba3 ,?y p %all be all j3 :ile no expiation w be possible = ! weakness ( s91 s9ce !re is no r$emption 9 hell 7,(fice ( ! ,dead1 ,resp4 vii74 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ endures n = ev]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ 0 made manife/ mo/ ( all 9 ,8 passion & dea?1 :5 by ,8 own blood ,he ent]$ into ! ,holies 7,heb4 #i3ab74 ,b ! passion & dea? ( ,*ri/ w n endure = ev]1 z /at$ ,rom4 #f3i3 ,*ri/ ris+ aga9 f ! dead1 die? n[ no m4 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ w n endure = ev]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is a prie/1 n z ,god1 b z man4 ,b at "o "t ,*ri/ 0 n man1 namely dur+ ! ?ree days ,he lay dead4 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ endures n = ev]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ps4 #aji3d73 ,?\ art a prie/ = ev]4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! prie/ly (fice1 we may consid] two ?+s3 fir/1 ! (f]+ ( ! sacrifice2 secondly1 ! consummation ( ! sacrifice1 consi/+ 9 ?is1 t ^? = :om ! sacrifice is (f]$1 obta9 ! end ( ! sacrifice4 ,n[ ! end ( ! sacrifice :i* ,*ri/ (f]$ consi/$ n 9 temporal b 9 et]nal good1 :i* we obta9 ?r\gh ,8 dea?1 accord+ to ,heb4 #i3aa3 ,*ri/ is ,vulg43 'be+ come' a high-prie/ ( ! good ?+s to come2 = :i* reason ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ is said to be et]nal4 ,n[ ?is consummation ( ,*ri/'s sacrifice 0 =e%ad[$ 9 ?is1 t ! high-prie/ ( ! ,old ,law1 once a ye>1 ent]$ into ! ,holy ( ,holies ) ! blood ( a he-goat & a calf1 z laid d[n1 ,lev4 #af3aa1 & yet he (f]$ up ! he-goat & calf n )9 ! ,holy ( ,holies1 b )\t4 ,9 l mann] ,*ri/ ent]$ into ! ,holy ( ,holies--t is1 into heav5--& prep>$ ! way = u1 t we might ent] by ! virtue ( ,8 blood1 :i* ,he %$ = u on e>?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,sa9ts :o w be 9 heav5 w n ne$ any fur!r expiation by ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/1 b hav+ expiat$1 !y w ne$ consummation ?r\gh ,*ri/ ,himself1 on ,:om _! glory dep5ds1 z is writt5 7,apoc4 #ba3bc73 ,! glory ( ,god ha? enlight5$ x--t is1 ! city ( ! ,sa9ts--& ! ,lamb is ! lamp !re(4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/'s passion & dea? are n to be repeat$1 yet ! virtue ( t ,victim endures = ev]1 =1 z x is writt5 7,heb4 #aj3ad71 by "o oblation ,he ha? p]fect$ = ev] !m t are sanctifi$4 ,:]e=e ! reply to ! ?ird objection is cle>4 ,z to ! unity ( ?is sacrifice1 x 0 =e%ad[$ 9 ! ,law 9 t1 once a ye>1 ! high-prie/ ( ! ,law ent]$ into ! ,holies1 ) a solemn oblation ( blood1 z set d[n1 ,lev4 #af3aa4 ,b ! figure fell %ort ( ! reality 9 ?is1 t ! victim _h n an ev]la/+ virtue1 = :i* reason ^? sacrifices 7 r5ew$ e ye>4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bb1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,prie/hood ( ,*ri/ ,0 ,accord+ to ! ,ord] ( ,mel*is$e*8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s prie/hood 0 n accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*4 ,= ,*ri/ is ! f\nta9-head ( ! entire prie/hood1 z be+ ! pr9cipal prie/4 ,n[ t :i* is pr9cipal is n second>y 9 reg>d to o!rs1 b o!rs are second>y 9 its reg>d4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ %\ld n be call$ a prie/ accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/hood ( ! ,old ,law 0 m ak9 to ,*ri/'s prie/hood ?an 0 ! prie/hood t exi/$ be=e ! ,law4 ,b ! ne>] ! sacram5ts 7 to ,*ri/1 ! m cle>ly !y signifi$ ,him2 z is cle> f :at we h said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #b1 ,a4 #g74 ,!re=e ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ %\ld be d5om9at$ aft] ! prie/hood ( ! ,law1 r ?an aft] ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*1 :i* 0 be=e ! ,law4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,heb4 #g3b1 #c73 ,t is 'k+ ( peace1' )\t fa!r1 )\t "m1 )\t g5ealogy2 hav+ nei!r beg9n+ ( days nor end+ ( life3 :i* c be ref]r$ only to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ %\ld n be call$ a prie/ accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*1 z ( "s "o else1 b accord+ to ,8 own ord]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ps4 #aji3d73 ,?\ art a prie/ = ev] accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #d1 ad #c7 ! prie/hood ( ! ,law 0 a figure ( ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/1 n z adequately repres5t+ ! reality1 b z fall+ f> %ort !re(3 bo? because ! prie/hood ( ! ,law did n wa% away s9s1 & because x 0 n et]nal1 z ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ ! excell5ce ( ,*ri/'s ov] ! ,levitical prie/hood 0 =e%ad[$ 9 ! prie/hood ( ,mel*is$e*1 :o receiv$ ti!s f ,abraham1 9 ^: lo9s ! prie/hood ( ! ,law 0 ti!d4 ,consequ5tly ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ is said to be accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*1 on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( ! true prie/hood ov] ! figural prie/hood ( ! ,law4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ is said to be accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e* n z ?\gh ! latt] 7 a m excell5t prie/1 b because he =e%ad[$ ! excell5ce ( ,*ri/'s ov] ! ,levitical prie/hood4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,two ?+s may be consid]$ 9 ,*ri/'s prie/hood3 namely1 ! (f]+ made by ,*ri/1 & 7our7 p>tak+ !re(4 ,z to ! actual (f]+1 ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ 0 m di/9ctly =e%ad[$ by ! prie/hood ( ! ,law1 by reason ( ! %$d+ ( blood1 ?an by ! prie/hood ( ,mel*is$e* 9 :i* !re 0 no blood-%$d+4 ,b if we consid] ! p>ticipation ( ?is sacrifice & ! effect !re(1 :]e9 ! excell5ce ( ,*ri/'s prie/hood ov] ! prie/hood ( ! ,law pr9cipally consi/s1 !n ! =m] 0 m di/9ctly =e%ad[$ by ! prie/hood ( ,mel*is$e*1 :o (f]$ bread & w9e1 signify+1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan47 ecclesia/ical unity1 :i* is e/abli%$ by our tak+ "p 9 ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/ 99,cf4 ,q4 #gi1 ,a4 #a4 ,:]e=e also 9 ! ,new ,law ! true sacrifice ( ,*ri/ is pres5t$ to ! fai?ful "u ! =m ( bread & w9e4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,mel*is$e* is describ$ z )\t fa!r1 )\t "m1 )\t g5ealogy1 & z hav+ nei!r beg9n+ ( days nor end+ ( life1 n z ?\gh he _h n ^! ?+s1 b because ^! details 9 8 reg>d are n suppli$ by ,holy ,scripture4 ,& ?is x is t1 z ! ,apo/le says 9 ! same passage1 he is lik5$ unto ! ,son ( ,god1 ,:o _h no e>?ly fa!r1 no heav5ly "m1 & no g5ealogy1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3h3 ,:o %all decl>e ,8 g5]ation8 & ,:o 9 ,8 ,godhead has nei!r beg9n+ nor end ( days4 ,,"q #bc ,,( ,,adoption ,,z ,,befitt+ ,,to ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ come to consid] :e!r adoption befits ,*ri/3 & "u ?is head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x is fitt+ t ,god %\ld adopt sons8 7#b7 ,:e!r ?is is fitt+ to ,god ! ,fa!r alone8 7#c7 ,:e!r x is prop] to man to be adopt$ to ! son%ip ( ,god8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ c be call$ ! adopt$ ,son8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bc1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,is ,fitt+ ,t ,god ,%\ld ,adopt ,sons8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x is n fitt+ t ,god %\ld adopt sons4 ,=1 z juri/s say1 no "o adopts anyone b a /rang] z 8 son4 ,b no "o is a /rang] 9 relation to ,god1 ,:o is ! ,creator ( all4 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ t ,god %\ld adopt4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 adoption seems to h be5 introduc$ 9 default ( natural son%ip4 ,b 9 ,god !re is natural son%ip1 z set d[n 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #bg1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e x is unfitt+ t ,god %\ld adopt4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! purpose ( adopt+ anyone is t he may succe$1 z heir1 ! p]son :o adopts him4 ,b x does n seem possible = anyone to succe$ ,god z heir1 = ,he c nev] die4 ,!re=e x is unfitt+ t ,god %\ld adopt4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eph4 #a3e7 t ,he ha? pr$e/9at$ u unto ! adoption ( *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,b ! pr$e/9ation ( ,god is n ineffectual4 ,!re=e ,god does adopt "s z ,8 sons4 ,i answ] t1 ,a man adopts someone z 8 son =asmu* z out ( goodness he admits him z heir to 8 e/ate4 ,n[ ,god is inf9itely good3 = :i* reason ,he admits ,8 creatures to a p>ticipation ( good ?+s2 especially rational creatures1 :o =asmu* z !y are made to ! image ( ,god1 are capable ( ,div9e beatitude4 ,& ?is consi/s 9 ! enjoym5t ( ,god1 by :i* also ,god ,himself is happy & ri* 9 ,himself--t is1 9 ! enjoym5t ( ,himself4 ,n[ a man's inh]itance is t :i* makes him ri*4 ,:]e=e1 inasmu* z ,god1 ( ,8 goodness1 admits m5 to ! inh]itance ( beatitude1 ,he is said to adopt !m4 ,moreov] ,div9e exce$s human adoption1 =asmu* z ,god1 by be/[+ ,8 grace1 makes man :om ,he adopts wor?y to receive ! heav5ly inh]itance2 :]eas man does n make him wor?y :om he adopts2 b r 9 adopt+ him he *ooses "o :o is already wor?y4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,consid]$ 9 8 nature man is n a /rang] 9 respect to ,god1 z to ! natural gifts be/[$ on him3 b he is z to ! gifts ( grace & glory2 9 reg>d to :i* he is adopt$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,man works 9 ord] to supply 8 wants3 n s ,god1 ,:o works 9 ord] to communicate to o!rs ! abundance ( ,8 p]fection4 ,:]e=e1 z by ! "w ( creation ! ,div9e goodness is communicat$ to all creatures 9 a c]ta9 lik5ess1 s by ! "w ( adoption ! lik5ess ( natural son%ip is communicat$ to m51 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3bi3 ,:om ,he =eknew 4 4 4 to be made con=mable to ! image ( ,8 ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,spiritual goods c be possess$ by _m at ! same "t2 n s mat]ial goods4 ,:]e=e none c receive a mat]ial inh]itance except ! successor ( a deceas$ p]son3 :]eas all receive ! spiritual inh]itance at ! same "t 9 its entirety )\t detrim5t to ! ev]-liv+ ,fa!r4 ,yet x might be said t ,god ceases to be1 accord+ z ,he is 9 u by fai?1 s z to beg9 to be 9 u by vision1 z a gloss says on ,rom4 #h3ag3 ,if sons1 heirs also4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bc1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,is ,fitt+ ,t ! ,:ole ,tr9ity ,%\ld ,adopt8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unfitt+ t ! :ole ,tr9ity %\ld adopt4 ,= adoption is said ( ,god 9 lik5ess to human cu/om4 ,b among m5 ^? only adopt :o c beget3 & 9 ,god ?is c be appli$ only to ! ,fa!r4 ,!re=e 9 ,god ! ,fa!r alone c adopt4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by adoption m5 become ! bre?r5 ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3bi3 ,t ,he might be ! fir/-born among _m bre?r54 ,n[ bre?r5 are ! sons ( ! same fa!r2 :]e=e our ,"l says 7,john #bj3ag73 ,i asc5d to ,my ,fa!r & to y\r ,fa!r4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,fa!r alone has adopt$ sons4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,gal4 #d3d1 #e1 #f73 ,god s5t ,8 ,son 4 4 4 t we might receive ! adoption ( sons4 ,& because y are sons ( ,god1 ,god ha? s5t ! ,_s ( ,8 ,son into y\r he>ts1 cry+3 ',abba' 7,fa!r74 ,!re=e x belongs to ,him to adopt1 ,:o has ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b ?is belongs to ! ,fa!r alone4 ,!re=e x befits ! ,fa!r alone to adopt4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x belongs to ,him to adopt u z sons1 ,:om we c call ,fa!r2 :5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #h3ae73 ,y h receiv$ ! _s ( adoption ( sons1 :]eby we cry3 ',abba' 7,fa!r74 ,b :5 we say to ,god1 ,our ,fa!r1 we address ! :ole ,tr9ity3 z is ! case ) ! o!r names :i* are said ( ,god 9 respect ( creatures1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #cc1 ,a4 #c1 ,obj4 #a2 cf4 ,q4 #de1 ,a4 #f74 ,!re=e to adopt is befitt+ to ! :ole ,tr9ity4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re is ?is diff]5ce betwe5 an adopt$ son ( ,god & ! natural ,son ( ,god1 t ! latt] is begott5 n made2 :]eas ! =m] is made1 accord+ to ,john #a3ab3 ,he gave !m p[] to be made ! sons ( ,god4 ,yet sometimes ! adopt$ son is said to be begott51 by reason ( ! spiritual reg5]ation :i* is by grace1 n by nature2 :]e=e x is writt5 7,james #a3ah73 ,( ,8 own w ha? ,he begott5 u by ! ^w ( tru?4 ,n[ al?\gh1 9 ,god1 to beget belongs to ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r1 yet to produce any effect 9 creatures is common to ! :ole ,tr9ity1 by reason ( ! on5ess ( _! ,nature3 s9ce1 :]e !re is "o nature1 !re mu/ ne$s be "o p[] & "o op]ation3 :5ce our ,"l says 7,john #e3ai73 ,:at ?+s soev] ! ,fa!r do?1 ^! ! ,son also do? 9 l mann]4 ,!re=e x belongs to ! :ole ,tr9ity to adopt m5 z sons ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,all human individuals are n ( "o individual nature1 s t !re ne$ be "o op]ation & "o effect ( !m all1 z is ! case 9 ,god4 ,consequ5tly 9 ?is respect no comp>ison is possible4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by adoption we are made ! bre?r5 ( ,*ri/1 z hav+ ) ,him ! same ,fa!r3 ,:o1 nev]!less1 is ,8 ,fa!r 9 "o way1 & ours 9 ano!r4 ,:5ce po9t$ly our ,"l says1 sep>ately1 ,my ,fa!r1 & ,y\r ,fa!r 7,john #bj3ag74 ,= ,he is ,*ri/'s ,fa!r by natural g5]ation2 & ?is is prop] to ,him3 :]eas ,he is our ,fa!r by a volunt>y op]ation1 :i* is common to ,him & to ! ,son & ,holy ,gho/3 s t ,*ri/ is n ! ,son ( ! :ole ,tr9ity1 z we are4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 adoptive son%ip is a c]ta9 lik5ess ( ! et]nal ,son%ip3 j z all t takes place 9 "t is a c]ta9 lik5ess ( :at has be5 f et]nity4 ,n[ man is lik5$ to ! spl5dor ( ! ,et]nal ,son by reason ( ! light ( grace :i* is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e adoption1 ?\gh common to ! :ole ,tr9ity1 is appropriat$ to ! ,fa!r z its au?or2 to ! ,son1 z its exempl>2 to ! ,holy ,gho/1 z impr9t+ on u ! lik5ess ( ?is exempl>4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bc1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,x ,is ,prop] to ! ,rational ,nature to ,be ,adopt$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x is n prop] to ! rational nature to be adopt$4 ,= ,god is n said to be ! ,fa!r ( ! rational creature1 save by adoption4 ,b ,god is call$ ! ,fa!r ev5 ( ! irrational creature1 accord+ to ,job #ch3bh3 ,:o is fa!r ( ! ra98 ,or :o begot ! drops ( dew8 ,!re=e x is n prop] to ! rational creature to be adopt$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by reason ( adoption "s are call$ sons ( ,god4 ,b to be sons ( ,god seems to be prop]ly attribut$ by ! ,scriptures to ! angels2 accord+ to ,job #a3f3 ,on a c]ta9 day :5 ! sons ( ,god came to /& be=e ! ,"l4 ,!re=e x is n prop] to ! rational creature to be adopt$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :atev] is prop] to a nature1 belongs to all t h t nature3 j z risibility belongs to all m54 ,b to be adopt$ does n belong to e rational nature4 ,!re=e x is n prop] to human nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,adopt$ sons are ! heirs ( ,god1 z is /at$ ,rom4 #h3ag4 ,b su* an inh]itance belongs to none b ! rational nature4 ,!re=e x is prop] to ! rational nature to be adopt$4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ad #c71 ! son%ip ( adoption is a c]ta9 lik5ess ( natural son%ip4 ,n[ ! ,son ( ,god proce$s naturally f ! ,fa!r z ! ,intellectual ,^w1 9 on5ess ( nature ) ! ,fa!r4 ,to ?is ,^w1 !re=e1 some?+ may be lik5$ 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 on ! "p ( ! =m b n on ! "p ( its intelligibility3 ?us ! =m ( a h\se already built is l ! m5tal ^w ( ! build] 9 its specific =m1 b n 9 intelligibility1 because ! mat]ial =m ( a h\se is n intelligible1 z x 0 9 ! m9d ( ! build]4 ,9 ?is way e creature is l ! ,et]nal ,^w2 s9ce x 0 made ?r\gh ! ,^w4 ,secondly1 ! creature is lik5$ to ! ,^w1 n only z to its =m1 b also z to its intelligibility3 ?us ! k :i* is begott5 9 ! disciple's m9d is lik5$ to ! ^w 9 ! m9d ( ! ma/]4 ,9 ?is way ! rational creature1 ev5 9 its nature1 is lik5$ to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,?irdly1 a creature is lik5$ to ! ,et]nal ,^w1 z to ! on5ess ( ! ,^w ) ! ,fa!r1 :i* is by reason ( grace & *>ity3 :]e=e our ,"l prays 7,john #ag3ba1 #bb73 ,t !y may be "o 9 ,u 4 4 4 z ,we also are "o4 ,& ?is lik5ess p]fects ! adoption3 = to ^? :o are ?us l ,him ! et]nal inh]itance is due4 ,x is !re=e cle> t to be adopt$ belongs to ! rational creature alone3 n inde$ to all1 b only to ^? :o h *>ity2 :i* is p\r$ =? 9 our he>ts by ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,rom4 #e3e72 = :i* reason 7,rom4 #h3ae7 ! ,holy ,gho/ is call$ ! ,_s ( adoption ( sons4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,god is call$ ! ,fa!r ( ! irrational creature1 n prop]ly speak+1 by reason ( adoption1 b by reason ( creation2 accord+ to ! fir/-m5tion$ p>ticipation ( lik5ess4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,angels are call$ sons ( ,god by adoptive son%ip1 n t x belongs to !m fir/2 b because !y 7 ! fir/ to receive ! adoption ( sons4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,adoption is a prop]ty result+ n f nature1 b f grace1 ( :i* ! rational nature is capable4 ,!re=e x ne$ n belong to e rational nature3 b e rational creature mu/ ne$s be capable ( adoption4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bc1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,z ,man ,is ! ,adopt$ ,son ( ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ z man is ! adopt$ ,son ( ,god4 ,= ,hil>y says 7,de ,tr94 ii7 speak+ ( ,*ri/3 ,! dignity ( p[] is n =feit$ :5 c>nal humanity 99,"s editions read 'humilitas'--'! humility or l[l9ess ( ! fle%' is adopt$4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ z man is ! adopt$ ,son ( ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pra$e/4 ,sanct4 xv7 t by ! same grace t ,man is ,*ri/1 z f ! bir? ( fai? e man is a ,*ri/ian4 ,b o!r m5 are ,*ri/ians by ! grace ( adoption4 ,!re=e ?is ,man is ,*ri/ by adoption3 & consequ5tly ,he w\ld seem to be an adopt$ son4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/1 z man1 is a s]vant4 ,b x is ( great] dignity to be an adopt$ son ?an to be a s]vant4 ,!re=e mu* m is ,*ri/1 z man1 an adopt$ ,son4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,inc>n4 viii73 ,we d n call an adopt$ son a natural son3 ! natural son is a true son4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! true & natural ,son ( ,god1 accord+ to #a ,john #e3bj3 ,t we may 4 4 4 be 9 ,8 true ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/1 z ,man1 is n an adopt$ ,son4 ,i answ] t1 ,son%ip belongs prop]ly to ! hypo/asis or p]son1 n to ! nature2 :5ce 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #c7 we h /at$ t ,filiation is a p]sonal prop]ty4 ,n[ 9 ,*ri/ !re is no o!r ?an ! uncreat$ p]son or hypo/asis1 to ,:om x belongs by nature to be ! ,son4 ,b x has be5 said above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 t ! son%ip ( adoption is a p>ticipat$ lik5ess ( natural son%ip3 nor c a ?+ be said to p>ticipate 9 :at x has ess5tially4 ,!re=e ,*ri/1 ,:o is ! natural ,son ( ,god1 c n[ise be call$ an adopt$ ,son4 ,b accord+ to ^? :o suppose two p]sons or two hypo/ases or two supposita 9 ,*ri/1 no reason prev5ts ,*ri/ be+ call$ ! adopt$ ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z son%ip does n prop]ly belong to ! nature1 s nei!r does adoption4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 x is said t c>nal humanity is adopt$1 ! expression is metaphorical3 & adoption is us$ to signify ! union ( human nature to ! ,p]son ( ! ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is comp>ison ( ,augu/9e is to be ref]r$ to ! pr9ciple because1 to wit1 j z x is grant$ to any man )\t m]it+ x to be a ,*ri/ian1 s did x happ5 t ?is man )\t m]it+ x 0 ,*ri/4 ,b !re is a diff]5ce on ! "p ( ! t]m3 because by ! grace ( union ,*ri/ is ! natural ,son2 :]eas ano!r man by habitual grace is an adopt$ son4 ,yet habitual grace 9 ,*ri/ does n make "o :o 0 n a son to be an adopt$ son1 b is a c]ta9 effect ( ,filiation 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,we saw ,8 glory 4 4 4 z x 7 ( ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r2 full ( grace & tru?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,to be a creature1 z also to be subs]vi5t or subject to ,god1 reg>ds n only ! p]son1 b also ! nature3 b ?is _c be said ( son%ip4 ,:]e=e ! comp>ison does n hold4 ,,"q #bd ,,( ,,! ,,pr$e/9ation ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we %all n[ consid] ! pr$e/9ation ( ,*ri/4 ,"u ?is head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ 0 pr$e/9at$8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he 0 pr$e/9at$ z man8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,8 pr$e/9ation is ! exempl> ( ours8 7#d7 ,:e!r x is ! cause ( our pr$e/9ation8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,is ,befitt+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,be ,pr$e/9at$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be pr$e/9at$4 ,= ! t]m ( anyone's pr$e/9ation seems to be ! adoption ( sons1 accord+ to ,eph4 #a3e3 ,:o ha? pr$e/9at$ u unto ! adoption ( *ildr54 ,b x is n befitt+ to ,*ri/ to be an adopt$ ,son1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #bc1 ,a4 #d74 ,!re=e x is n fitt+ t ,*ri/ be pr$e/9at$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 we may consid] two ?+s 9 ,*ri/3 ,8 human nature & ,8 p]son4 ,b x _c be said t ,*ri/ is pr$e/9at$ by reason ( ,8 human nature2 = ?is proposition is false--,! human nature is ,son ( ,god4 ,9 l mann] nei!r by reason ( ! p]son2 = ?is p]son is ! ,son ( ,god1 n by grace1 b by nature3 :]eas pr$e/9ation reg>ds :at is ( grace1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p1 ,q4 #bc1 ,,aa4 #b1 #e4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n pr$e/9at$ to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z t :i* has be5 made 0 n always1 s also t :i* 0 pr$e/9at$2 s9ce pr$e/9ation implies a c]ta9 antec$5ce4 ,b1 because ,*ri/ 0 always ,god & ! ,son ( ,god1 x _c be said t t ,man 0 made ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!re=e1 = a l reason1 we ought n to say t ,*ri/ 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says1 speak+ ( ,*ri/ 7,rom4 #a3d73 ,:o 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god 9 p[]4 ,i answ] t1 ,z is cle> f :at has be5 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #bc1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b71 pr$e/9ation1 9 its prop] s5se1 is a c]ta9 ,div9e preord9ation f et]nity ( ^? ?+s :i* are to be done 9 "t by ! grace ( ,god4 ,n[1 t man is ,god1 & t ,god is man1 is some?+ done 9 "t by ,god ?r\gh ! grace ( union4 ,nor c x be said t ,god has n f et]nity pre-orda9$ to d ?is 9 "t3 s9ce x w\ld foll[ t some?+ w\ld come anew into ! ,div9e ,m9d4 ,& we mu/ ne$s admit t ! union itself ( natures 9 ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ falls "u ! et]nal pr$e/9ation ( ,god4 ,= ?is reason d we say t ,*ri/ 0 pr$e/9at$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,apo/le !re speaks ( t pr$e/9ation by :i* we are pr$e/9at$ to be adopt$ sons4 ,& j z ,*ri/ 9 a s+ul> mann] above all o!rs is ! natural ,son ( ,god1 s 9 a s+ul> mann] is ,he pr$e/9at$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z a gloss 99,f ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,de ,pra$4 ,sanct4 xv says on ,rom4 #a3d1 "s und]/ood t pr$e/9ation to ref] to ! nature & n to ! ,p]son--t is to say1 t on human nature 0 be/[$ ! grace ( be+ unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god 9 unity ( ,p]son4 ,b 9 t case ! phrase ( ! ,apo/le w\ld be improp]1 = two reasons4 ,fir/1 = a g5]al reason3 = we d n speak ( a p]son's nature1 b ( 8 p]son1 z be+ pr$e/9at$3 because to be pr$e/9at$ is to be direct$ t[>ds salvation1 :i* belongs to a suppositum act+ = ! end ( beatitude4 ,secondly1 = a special reason4 ,because to be ,son ( ,god is n befitt+ to human nature2 = ?is proposition is false3 ,! human nature is ! ,son ( ,god3 unless "o 7 to =ce f x su* an exposition z3 ,:o 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god 9 p[]--t is1 ,x 0 pr$e/9at$ t ! ,human nature %\ld be unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! ,p]son4 ,h5ce we mu/ attribute pr$e/9ation to ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/3 n1 inde$1 9 ,himself or z subsi/+ 9 ! ,div9e ,nature1 b z subsi/+ 9 ! human nature4 ,:]e=e ! ,apo/le1 aft] say+1 ,:o 0 made to ,him ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%1 add$1 ,:o 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god 9 p[]3 s z to give u to und]/& t 9 respect ( ,8 be+ ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%1 ,he 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god 9 p[]4 ,= al?\gh x is natural to t ,p]son1 consid]$ 9 ,himself1 to be ! ,son ( ,god 9 p[]1 yet ?is is n natural to ,him1 consid]$ 9 ! human nature1 9 respect ( :i* ?is befits ,him accord+ to ! grace ( union4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,orig5 comm5t+ on ,rom4 #a3d says t ! true read+ ( ?is passage ( ! ,apo/le is3 ,:o 0 de/9$ to be ! ,son ( ,god 9 p[]2 s t no antec$5ce is impli$4 ,& s !re w\ld be no difficulty4 ,o!rs ref] ! antec$5ce impli$ 9 ! p>ticiple pr$e/9at$1 n to ! fact ( be+ ! ,son ( ,god1 b to ! manife/ation !re(1 accord+ to ! cu/om>y way ( speak+ 9 ,holy ,scripture1 by :i* ?+s are said to take place :5 !y are made kn[n2 s t ! s5se w\ld be--,*ri/ 0 pr$e/9at$ to be made kn[n z ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b ?is is an improp] signification ( pr$e/9ation4 ,= a p]son is prop]ly said to be pr$e/9at$ by reason ( 8 be+ direct$ to ! end ( beatitude3 b ! beatitude ( ,*ri/ does n dep5d on our k !re(4 ,x is !re=e bett] to say t ! antec$5ce impli$ 9 ! p>ticiple pr$e/9at$ is to be ref]r$ to ! ,p]son n 9 ,himself1 b by reason ( ! human nature3 s9ce1 al?\gh t ,p]son 0 ! ,son ( ,god f et]nity1 x 0 n always true t "o subsi/+ 9 human nature 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pra$e/4 ,sanct4 xv73 ,jesus 0 pr$e/9at$1 s t ,he ,:o accord+ to ! fle% 0 to be ! son ( ,david1 %\ld be nev]!less ,son ( ,god 9 p[]4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be obs]v$ t1 al?\gh ! p>ticiple pr$e/9at$1 j z ?is p>ticiple made1 implies antec$5ce1 yet !re is a diff]5ce4 ,= to be made belongs to ! ?+ 9 itself3 :]eas to be pr$e/9at$ belongs to someone z be+ 9 ! appreh5sion ( "o :o pre-orda9s4 ,n[ t :i* is ! subject ( a =m or nature 9 reality1 c be appreh5d$ ei!r z "u t =m or absolutely4 ,& s9ce x _c be said absolutely ( ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ t ,he began to be ! ,son ( ,god1 yet ?is is becom+ to ,him z und]/ood or appreh5d$ to exi/ 9 human nature1 because at "o "t x began to be true t "o exi/+ 9 human nature 0 ! ,son ( ,god2 !re=e ?is proposition--,*ri/ 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god--is tru] ?an ?is--,*ri/ 0 made ! ,son ( ,god4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,?is ,proposition ,is ,false3 ,*ri/ ,z ,man ,0 ,pr$e/9at$ to ,be ! ,son ( ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is proposition is false3 ,*ri/ z man 0 pr$e/9at$ to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,= at "s "t a man is t :i* he 0 pr$e/9at$ to be3 s9ce ,god's pr$e/9ation does n fail4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ z man 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god1 x seems to foll[ t z man ,he is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b ! latt] is false4 ,!re=e ! =m] is false4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is befitt+ to ,*ri/ z man is befitt+ to any man2 s9ce ,he belongs to ! same species z o!r m54 ,if1 !re=e1 ,*ri/1 z man1 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god1 x w foll[ t ?is is befitt+ to any o!r man4 ,b ! latt] is false4 ,!re=e ! =m] is false4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 t is pr$e/9at$ f et]nity :i* is to take place at "s "t4 ,b ?is proposition1 ,! ,son ( ,god 0 made man1 is tru] ?an ?is1 ,man 0 made ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!re=e ?is proposition1 ,*ri/1 z ! ,son ( ,god1 0 pr$e/9at$ to be man1 is tru] ?an ?is1 ,*ri/ z ,man 0 pr$e/9at$ to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 7,de ,pra$e/4 ,sanct4 xv7 says3 ,=asmu* z ,god ! ,son 0 made ,man1 we say t ! ,"l ( ,glory 0 pr$e/9at$4 ,i answ] t1 ,two ?+s may be consid]$ 9 pr$e/9ation4 ,"o on ! "p ( et]nal pr$e/9ation itself3 & 9 ?is respect x implies a c]ta9 antec$5ce 9 reg>d to t :i* comes "u pr$e/9ation4 ,secondly1 pr$e/9ation may be consid]$ z reg>ds its temporal effect1 :i* is "s gratuit\s gift ( ,god4 ,!re=e f bo? po9ts ( view we mu/ say t pr$e/9ation is ascrib$ to ,*ri/ by reason ( ,8 human nature alone3 = human nature 0 n always unit$ to ! ,^w2 & by grace be/[$ on x 0 x unit$ 9 ,p]son to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,consequ5tly1 by reason ( human nature alone c pr$e/9ation be attribut$ to ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pra$e/4 ,sanct4 xv73 ,?is human nature ( ours 0 pr$e/9at$ to be rais$ to s great1 s l(ty1 s exalt$ a position1 t x w\ld be impossible to raise x high]4 ,n[ t is said to belong to anyone z man :i* belongs to him by reason ( human nature4 ,consequ5tly1 we mu/ say t ,*ri/1 z ,man1 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 we say1 ,*ri/1 z ,man1 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god1 ?is qualification1 z ,man1 c be ref]r$ 9 two ways to ! action signifi$ by ! p>ticiple4 ,fir/1 z reg>ds :at comes "u pr$e/9ation mat]ially1 & ?us x is false4 ,= ! s5se w\ld be t x 0 pr$e/9at$ t ,*ri/1 z ,man1 %\ld be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ! objection takes x4 ,secondly1 x may be ref]r$ to ! v nature ( ! action itself3 t is1 =asmu* z pr$e/9ation implies antec$5ce & gratuit\s effect4 ,& ?us pr$e/9ation belongs to ,*ri/ by reason ( ,8 human nature1 z /at$ above4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ,he is said to be pr$e/9at$ z ,man4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,some?+ may be befitt+ to a man by reason ( human nature1 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 s t human nature be ! cause !re(3 ?us risibility is befitt+ to ,socrates by reason ( human nature1 be+ caus$ by its pr9ciples4 ,9 ?is mann] pr$e/9ation is n befitt+ ei!r to ,*ri/ or to any o!r man1 by reason ( human nature4 ,?is is ! s5se ( ! objection4 ,secondly1 a ?+ may be befitt+ to someone by reason ( human nature1 because human nature is susceptible ( x4 ,& 9 ?is s5se we say t ,*ri/ 0 pr$e/9at$ by reason ( human nature2 because pr$e/9ation ref]s to ! exaltation ( human nature 9 ,him1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,pra$e/4 ,sanct4 xv73 ,! ,^w ( ,god assum$ ,man to ,himself 9 su* a s+ul> & ineffable mann] t at ! same "t ,he may be truly & correctly call$ ! ,son ( ,man1 because ,he assum$ ,man to ,himself2 & ! ,son ( ,god1 because x 0 ! ,only-begott5 ( ,god ,:o assum$ human nature4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce ?is assumption comes "u pr$e/9ation by reason ( its be+ gratuit\s1 we c say bo? t ! ,son ( ,god 0 pr$e/9at$ to be man1 & t ! ,son ( ,man 0 pr$e/9at$ to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b because grace 0 n be/[$ on ! ,son ( ,god t ,he might be man1 b r on human nature1 t x might be unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god2 x is m prop] to say t ,*ri/1 z ,man1 0 pr$e/9at$ to be ! ,son ( ,god1 ?an t1 ,*ri/1 z ,son ( ,god1 0 pr$e/9at$ to be ,man4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,pr$e/9ation ,is ! ,exempl> ( ,ours8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is n ! exempl> ( ours4 ,= ! exempl> exi/s be=e ! exemplate4 ,b no?+ exi/s be=e ! et]nal4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 our pr$e/9ation is et]nal1 x seems t ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is n ! exempl> ( ours4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! exempl> leads u to k ( ! exemplate4 ,b !re 0 no ne$ = ,god to be l$ f some?+ else to k ( our pr$e/9ation2 s9ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #h3bi73 ,:om ,he =eknew1 ,he also pr$e/9at$4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is n ! exempl> ( ours4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! exempl> is con=m$ to ! exemplate4 ,b ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation seems to be ( a diff]5t nature f ours3 because we are pr$e/9at$ to ! son%ip ( adoption1 :]eas ,*ri/ 0 pr$e/9at$ ,son ( ,god 9 p[]1 z is writt5 7,rom4 #a3d74 ,!re=e ,8 pr$e/9ation is n ! exempl> ( ours4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pra$e/4 ,sanct4 xv73 ,! ,savi\r ,himself1 ! ,m$iator ( ,god & m51 ! ,man ,*ri/ ,jesus is ! mo/ spl5did light ( pr$e/9ation & grace4 ,n[ ,he is call$ ! light ( pr$e/9ation & grace1 inasmu* z our pr$e/9ation is made manife/ by ,8 pr$e/9ation & grace2 & ?is seems to p]ta9 to ! nature ( an exempl>4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is ! exempl> ( ours4 ,i answ] t1 ,pr$e/9ation may be consid]$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 on ! "p ( ! act ( pr$e/9ation3 & ?us ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation _c be said to be ! exempl> ( ours3 = 9 ! same way & by ! same et]nal act ,god pr$e/9at$ u & ,*ri/4 ,secondly1 pr$e/9ation may be consid]$ on ! "p ( t to :i* anyone is pr$e/9at$1 & ?is is ! t]m & effect ( pr$e/9ation4 ,9 ?is s5se ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is ! exempl> ( ours1 & ?is 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 9 respect ( ! good to :i* we are pr$e/9at$3 = ,he 0 pr$e/9at$ to be ! natural ,son ( ,god1 :]eas we are pr$e/9at$ to ! adoption ( sons1 :i* is a p>ticipat$ lik5ess ( natural son%ip4 ,:5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #h3bi73 ,:om ,he =eknew1 ,he also pr$e/9at$ to be made con=mable to ! image ( ,8 ,son4 ,secondly1 9 respect ( ! mann] ( obta9+ ?is good--t is1 by grace4 ,?is is mo/ manife/ 9 ,*ri/2 because human nature 9 ,him1 )\t any antec$5t m]its1 0 unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god3 & ( ! fulness ( ,8 grace we all h receiv$1 z x is writt5 7,john #a3af74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t consid]s ! a=esaid act ( ! pr$e/9ator4 ,! same is to be said ( ! second objection4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! exemplate ne$ n be con=m$ to ! exempl> 9 all respects3 x is suffici5t t x imitate x 9 "s4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,pr$e/9ation ,is ! ,cause ( ,ours8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is n ! cause ( ours4 ,= t :i* is et]nal has no cause4 ,b our pr$e/9ation is et]nal4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is n ! cause ( ours4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 t :i* dep5ds on ! simple w ( ,god has no o!r cause b ,god's w4 ,n[1 our pr$e/9ation dep5ds on ! simple w ( ,god1 = x is writt5 7,eph4 #a3aa73 ,be+ pr$e/9at$ accord+ to ! purpose ( ,him1 ,:o worke? all ?+s accord+ to ! c\nsel ( ,8 w4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is n ! cause ( ours4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if ! cause be tak5 away1 ! effect is also tak5 away4 ,b if we take away ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation1 ours is n tak5 away2 s9ce ev5 if ! ,son ( ,god 7 n inc>nate1 our salvation might yet h be5 a*iev$ 9 a diff]5t mann]1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii1 #aj74 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is n ! cause ( ours4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eph4 #a3e73 7,:o7 ha? pr$e/9at$ u unto ! adoption ( *ildr5 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 if we consid] pr$e/9ation on ! "p ( ! v act ( pr$e/9at+1 !n ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is n ! cause ( ours2 because by "o & ! same act ,god pr$e/9at$ bo? ,*ri/ & u4 ,b if we consid] pr$e/9ation on ! "p ( its t]m1 ?us ,*ri/'s pr$e/9ation is ! cause ( ours3 = ,god1 by pr$e/9at+ f et]nity1 s decre$ our salvation1 t x %\ld be a*iev$ ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,= et]nal pr$e/9ation cov]s n only t :i* is to be accompli%$ 9 "t1 b also ! mode & ord] 9 :i* x is to be accompli%$ 9 "t4 ,replies ,obj4 #a & #b3 ,^! argum5ts consid] pr$e/9ation on ! "p ( ! act ( pr$e/9at+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if ,*ri/ 7 n to h be5 inc>nate1 ,god w\ld h decre$ m5's salvation by o!r means4 ,b s9ce ,he decre$ ! ,inc>nation ( ,*ri/1 ,he decre$ at ! same "t t ,he %\ld be ! cause ( our salvation4 ,,"q #be ,,( ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ?+s p]ta9+ to ,*ri/ 9 ref]5ce to u2 & fir/1 ! adoration ( ,*ri/1 by :i* we adore ,him2 secondly1 we mu/ consid] h[ ,he is our ,m$iator ) ,god4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,godhead & humanity are to be ador$ ) "o & ! same adoration8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,8 fle% is to be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! adoration ( latria is to be giv5 to ! image ( ,*ri/8 7#d7 ,:e!r latria is to be giv5 to ! ,cross ( ,*ri/8 7#e7 ,:e!r to ,8 ,"m8 7#f7 ,conc]n+ ! adoration ( ! relics ( ,sa9ts4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #be1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,humanity & ,godhead ,are to ,be ,ador$ ) ! ,same ,adoration8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s humanity & ,godhead are n to be ador$ ) ! same adoration4 ,= ,*ri/'s ,godhead is to be ador$1 z be+ common to ,fa!r & ,son2 :]e=e x is writt5 7,john #e3bc73 ,t all may honor ! ,son1 z !y honor ! ,fa!r4 ,b ,*ri/'s humanity is n common to ,him & ! ,fa!r4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s humanity & ,godhead are n to be ador$ ) ! same adoration4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 honor is prop]ly ! rew>d ( virtue1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 iv1 #c74 ,b virtue m]its its rew>d by action4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 9 ,*ri/ ! action ( ! ,div9e ,nature is di/9ct f t ( ! human nature1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ai1 ,a4 #a71 x seems t ,*ri/'s humanity is to be ador$ ) a diff]5t adoration f t :i* is giv5 to ,8 ,godhead4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 7 n unit$ to ! ,^w1 x w\ld h be5 wor?y ( v5]ation on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( its wisdom & grace4 ,b by be+ unit$ to ! ,^w x lo/ no?+ ( its wor?9ess4 ,!re=e ,8 human nature %\ld receive a c]ta9 v5]ation prop] !reto1 besides ! v5]ation :i* is giv5 to ,8 ,godhead4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we read 9 ! *apt]s ( ! ,fif? ,c\ncil 99,second ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 coll4 viii1 c4 #i3 ,if anyone say t ,*ri/ is ador$ 9 two natures1 s z to introduce two di/9ct adorations1 & does n adore ,god ! ,^w made fle% ) ! "o & ! same adoration z ,8 fle%1 z ! ,*ur* has h&$ d[n f ! beg9n+2 let su* a "o be ana!ma4 ,i answ] t1 ,we may consid] two ?+s 9 a p]son to :om honor is giv53 ! p]son himself1 & ! cause ( 8 be+ honor$4 ,n[ prop]ly speak+ honor is giv5 to a subsi/5t ?+ 9 its entirety3 = we d n speak ( honor+ a man's h&1 b ! man himself4 ,& if at any "t x happ5 t we speak ( honor+ a man's h& or foot1 x is n by reason ( ^! memb]s be+ honor$ ( !mselves3 b by reason ( ! :ole be+ honor$ 9 !m4 ,9 ?is way a man may be honor$ ev5 9 some?+ ext]nal2 = in/ance 9 8 ve/ure1 8 image1 or 8 mess5g]4 ,! cause ( honor is t by reason ( :i* ! p]son honor$ has a c]ta9 excell5ce1 = honor is rev]5ce giv5 to some?+ on acc\nt ( its excell5ce1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #ajc1 ,a4 #a74 ,if !re=e 9 "o man !re are sev]al causes ( honor1 = in/ance1 rank1 k1 & virtue1 ! honor giv5 to him w be "o 9 respect ( ! p]son honor$1 b sev]al 9 respect ( ! causes ( honor3 = x is ! man t is honor$1 bo? on acc\nt ( k & by reason ( 8 virtue4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 9 ,*ri/ !re is b "o ,p]son ( ! ,div9e & human natures1 & "o hypo/asis1 & "o suppositum1 ,he is giv5 "o adoration & "o honor on ! "p ( ! ,p]son ador$3 b on ! "p ( ! cause = :i* ,he is honor$1 we c say t !re are sev]al adorations1 = in/ance t ,he receives "o honor on acc\nt ( ,8 uncreat$ k1 & ano!r on acc\nt ( ,8 creat$ k4 ,b if x be said t !re are sev]al p]sons or hypo/ases 9 ,*ri/1 x w\ld foll[ t !re w\ld be1 absolutely speak+1 sev]al adorations4 ,& ?is is :at is condemn$ 9 ! ,c\ncils4 ,= x is writt5 9 ! *apt]s ( ,cyril 99,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 ,"p ,i1 *4 #bf3 ,if anyone d>e to say t ! man assum$ %\ld be ador$ besides ! ,div9e ,^w1 z ?\gh ^! 7 di/9ct p]sons2 & does n r honor ! ,emmanuel ) "o s+le adoration1 inasmu* z ! ,^w 0 made fle%2 let him be ana!ma4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ! ,tr9ity !re are ?ree ,:o are honor$1 b only "o cause ( honor4 ,9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation x is ! rev]se3 & !re=e only "o honor is giv5 to ! ,tr9ity & only "o to ,*ri/1 b 9 a diff]5t way4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,op]ation is n ! object b ! motive ( honor4 ,& !re=e !re be+ two op]ations 9 ,*ri/ proves1 n two adorations1 b two causes ( adoration4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 7 n unit$ to ! ,^w ( ,god1 x w\ld be ! pr9cipal ?+ 9 t ,man4 ,:]e=e honor w\ld be due to x pr9cipally1 s9ce man is t :i* is pr9cipal 9 him 99,cf4 ,e?ic4 ix1 #h4 ,b s9ce ,*ri/'s s\l is unit$ to a ,p]son ( great] dignity1 to t ,p]son is honor pr9cipally due to ,:om ,*ri/'s s\l is unit$4 ,nor is ! dignity ( ,*ri/'s s\l h]eby dim9i%$1 b r increas$1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #b1 ad #b74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #be1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,humanity ,%\ld ,be ,ador$ ) ! ,adoration ( ,latria8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s s\l %\ld n be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,= on ! words ( ,ps4 #ih3e1 ,adore ,8 foot-/ool = x is holy1 a gloss says3 ,! fle% assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god is rightly ador$ by u3 = no "o p>takes spiritually ( ,8 fle% unless he fir/ adore x2 b n inde$ ) ! adoration call$ latria1 :i* is due to ! ,creator alone4 ,n[ ! fle% is "p ( ! humanity4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s humanity is n to be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! wor%ip ( latria is n to be giv5 to any creature3 s9ce = ?is reason 7 ! ,g5tiles reprov$1 t !y wor%ip$ & s]v$ ! creature1 z x is writt5 7,rom4 #a3be74 ,b ,*ri/'s humanity is a creature4 ,!re=e x %\ld n be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! adoration ( latria is due to ,god 9 recognition ( ,8 supreme dom9ion1 accord+ to ,deut4 #f3ac3 ,?\ %alt adore ,vulg43 'fe>'2 cf4 ,matt4 #d3aj ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & %alt s]ve ,him only4 ,b ,*ri/ z man is less ?an ! ,fa!r4 ,!re=e ,8 humanity is n to be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv1 #c73 ,on acc\nt ( ! inc>nation ( ! ,div9e ,^w1 we adore ! fle% ( ,*ri/ n = its own sake1 b because ! ,^w ( ,god is unit$ !reto 9 p]son4 ,& on ,ps4 #ih3e1 ,adore ,8 foot-/ool1 a gloss says3 ,he :o adores ! body ( ,*ri/1 reg>ds n ! e>?1 b r ,him ^: foot-/ool x is1 9 ,^: honor he adores ! foot-/ool4 ,b ! inc>nate ,^w is ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,!re=e also ,8 body or ,8 humanity4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a7 adoration is due to ! subsi/+ hypo/asis3 yet ! reason = honor+ may be some?+ non-subsi/5t1 on acc\nt ( :i* ! p]son1 9 :om x is1 is honor$4 ,& s ! adoration ( ,*ri/'s humanity may be und]/ood 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 s t ! humanity is ! ?+ ador$3 & ?us to adore ! fle% ( ,*ri/ is no?+ else ?an to adore ! inc>nate ,^w ( ,god3 j z to adore a ,k+'s robe is no?+ else ?an to adore a rob$ ,k+4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ! adoration ( ,*ri/'s humanity is ! adoration ( latria4 ,secondly1 ! adoration ( ,*ri/'s humanity may be tak5 z giv5 by reason ( its be+ p]fect$ ) e gift ( grace4 ,& s 9 ?is s5se ! adoration ( ,*ri/'s humanity is ! adoration n ( latria b ( dulia4 ,s t "o & ! same ,p]son ( ,*ri/ is ador$ ) latria on acc\nt ( ,8 ,div9ity1 & ) dulia on acc\nt ( ,8 p]fect humanity4 ,nor is ?is unfitt+4 ,= ! honor ( latria is due to ,god ! ,fa!r ,himself on acc\nt ( ,8 ,godhead2 & ! honor ( dulia on acc\nt ( ! dom9ion by :i* ,he rules ov] creatures4 ,:]e=e on ,ps4 #g3a1 ,o ,"l my ,god1 9 ,!e h ,i hop$1 a gloss says3 ,"l ( all by p[]1 to ,:om dulia is due3 ,god ( all by creation1 to ,:om latria is due4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,t gloss is n to be und]/ood z ?\gh ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 7 ador$ sep>ately f its ,godhead3 = ?is c\ld happ5 only1 if !re 7 "o hypo/asis ( ,god1 & ano!r ( man4 ,b s9ce1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv1 #c73 ,if by a subtle di/9ction y divide :at is se5 f :at is und]/ood1 x _c be ador$ because x is a creature--t is1 ) adoration ( latria4 ,& !n ?us und]/ood z di/9ct f ! ,^w ( ,god1 x %\ld be ador$ ) ! adoration ( dulia2 n any k9d ( dulia1 su* z is giv5 to o!r creatures1 b ) a c]ta9 high] adoration1 :i* is call$ hyp]dulia4 ,h5ce appe> ! answ]s to ! second & ?ird objections4 ,because ! adoration ( latria is n giv5 to ,*ri/'s humanity 9 respect ( itself2 b 9 respect ( ! ,godhead to :i* x is unit$1 by reason ( :i* ,*ri/ is n less ?an ! ,fa!r4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #be1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,image ( ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,be ,ador$ ) ! ,adoration ( ,latria8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s image %\ld n be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,= x is writt5 7,ex4 #bj3d73 ,?\ %alt n make to ?yself a grav5 ?+1 nor ! lik5ess ( any?+4 ,b no adoration %\ld be giv5 aga9/ ! comm&m5t ( ,god4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s image %\ld n be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 we %\ld h no?+ 9 common ) ! works ( ! ,g5tiles1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #e3aa74 ,b ! ,g5tiles are reproa*$ pr9cipally = t !y *ang$ ! glory ( ! incorruptible ,god into ! lik5ess ( ! image ( a corruptible man1 z is writt5 7,rom4 #a3bc74 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s image is n to be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 to ,*ri/ ! adoration ( latria is due by reason ( ,8 ,godhead1 n ( ,8 humanity4 ,b ! adoration ( latria is n due to ! image ( ,8 ,godhead1 :i* is impr9t$ on ! rational s\l4 ,mu* less1 !re=e1 is x due to ! mat]ial image :i* repres5ts ! humanity ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x seems t no?+ %\ld be done 9 ! ,div9e wor%ip t is n in/itut$ by ,god2 :]e=e ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #aa3bc7 :5 ab\t to lay d[n ! doctr9e ( ! sacrifice ( ! ,*ur*1 says3 ,i h receiv$ ( ! ,"l t :i* also ,i deliv]$ unto y4 ,b ,scripture does n lay d[n any?+ conc]n+ ! adoration ( images4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s image is n to be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv1 #af7 quotes ,basil z say+3 ,! honor giv5 to an image rea*es to ! prototype1 i4e4 ! exempl>4 ,b ! exempl> itself--namely1 ,*ri/--is to be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria2 !re=e also ,8 image4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,memor4 et ,rem94 i71 !re is a tw(old movem5t ( ! m9d t[>ds an image3 "o inde$ t[>ds ! image itself z a c]ta9 ?+2 ano!r1 t[>ds ! image 9 s f> z x is ! image ( some?+ else4 ,& betwe5 ^! movem5ts !re is ?is diff]5ce2 t ! =m]1 by :i* "o is mov$ t[>ds an image z a c]ta9 ?+1 is diff]5t f ! movem5t t[>ds ! ?+3 :]eas ! latt] movem5t1 :i* is t[>ds ! image z an image1 is "o & ! same z t :i* is t[>ds ! ?+4 ,?us !re=e we mu/ say t no rev]5ce is %[n to ,*ri/'s image1 z a ?+--= in/ance1 c>v$ or pa9t$ wood3 because rev]5ce is n due save to a rational creature4 ,x foll[ !re=e t rev]5ce %\ld be %[n to x1 9 s f> only z x is an image4 ,consequ5tly ! same rev]5ce %\ld be %[n to ,*ri/'s image z to ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ is ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria1 x foll[s t ,8 image %\ld be ador$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is comm&m5t does n =bid ! mak+ ( any grav5 ?+ or lik5ess1 b ! mak+ !re( = ! purpose ( adoration1 :]e=e x is add$3 ,?\ %alt n adore !m nor s]ve !m4 ,& because1 z /at$ above1 ! movem5t t[>ds ! image is ! same z ! movem5t t[>ds ! ?+1 adoration !re( is =bidd5 9 ! same way z adoration ( ! ?+ ^: image x is4 ,:]e=e 9 ! passage quot$ we are to und]/& ! prohibition to adore ^? images :i* ! ,g5tiles made = ! purpose ( v5]at+ _! own gods1 i4e4 ! demons1 & s x is premis$3 ,?\ %alt n h /range gods be=e ,me4 ,b no corporeal image c\ld be rais$ to ! true ,god ,himself1 s9ce ,he is incorporeal2 because1 z ,damasc5e obs]ves 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv1 #af73 ,x is ! highe/ absurdity & impiety to fa%ion a figure ( :at is ,div9e4 ,b because 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,god 0 made man1 ,he c be ador$ 9 ,8 corporeal image4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,apo/le =bids u to h any?+ 9 common ) ! unfruitful works ( ! ,g5tiles1 b n ) _! useful works4 ,n[ ! adoration ( images mu/ be numb]$ among ! unfruitful works 9 two respects4 ,fir/1 because "s ( ! ,g5tiles us$ to adore ! images !mselves1 z ?+s1 believ+ t !re 0 some?+ ,div9e !re91 on acc\nt ( ! answ]s :i* ! demons us$ to give 9 !m1 & on acc\nt ( o!r su* l wond]ful effects4 ,secondly on acc\nt ( ! ?+s ( :i* !y 7 images2 = !y set up images to c]ta9 creatures1 to :om 9 ^! images !y gave ! v5]ation ( latria4 ,:]eas we give ! adoration ( latria to ! image ( ,*ri/1 ,:o is true ,god1 n = ! sake ( ! image1 b = ! sake ( ! ?+ ^: image x is1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,rev]5ce is due to ! rational creature = its own sake4 ,consequ5tly1 if ! adoration ( latria 7 %[n to ! rational creature 9 :i* ?is image is1 !re might be an occasion ( error--namely1 le/ ! movem5t ( adoration might /op %ort at ! man1 z a ?+1 & n be c>ri$ on to ,god1 ,^: image he is4 ,?is _c happ5 9 ! case ( a grav5 or pa9t$ image 9 ins5sible mat]ial4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! ,apo/les1 l$ by ! inw>d in/9ct ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 h&$ d[n to ! *ur*es c]ta9 in/ructions :i* !y did n put 9 writ+1 b :i* h be5 orda9$1 9 accordance ) ! obs]vance ( ! ,*ur* z practic$ by ! fai?ful z "t w5t on4 ,:]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7#b ,!ss4 #b3ad73 ,/& fa/2 & hold ! traditions :i* y h le>n$1 :e!r by ^w--t is by ^w ( m\?--or by our epi/le--t is by ^w put into writ+4 ,among ^! traditions is ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/'s image4 ,:]e=e x is said t ,bless$ ,luke pa9t$ ! image ( ,*ri/1 :i* is 9 ,rome4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #be1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,cross ,%\ld ,be ,wor%ipp$ ) ! ,adoration ( ,latria8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s cross %\ld n be wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,= no dutiful son honors t :i* di%onors 8 fa!r1 z ! sc\rge ) :i* he 0 sc\rg$1 or ! gibbet on :i* he 0 hang$2 r does he abhor x4 ,n[ ,*ri/ und]w5t ! mo/ %ameful dea? on ! cross2 accord+ to ,wis4 #b3bj3 ,let u condemn ,him to a mo/ %ameful dea?4 ,!re=e we %\ld n v5]ate ! cross b r we %\ld abhor x4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s humanity is wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria1 inasmu* z x is unit$ to ! ,son ( ,god 9 ,p]son4 ,b ?is _c be said ( ! cross4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s cross %\ld n be wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,*ri/'s cross 0 ! in/rum5t ( ,8 passion & dea?1 s 7 also _m o!r ?+s1 = in/ance1 ! nails1 ! cr[n1 ! lance2 yet to ^! we d n %[ ! wor%ip ( latria4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,*ri/'s cross %\ld n be wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we %[ ! wor%ip ( latria to t 9 :i* we place our hope ( salvation4 ,b we place our hope 9 ,*ri/'s cross1 = ! ,*ur* s+s3 ,de> ,cross1 be/ hope o'er all beside1 ,t *e]s ! solemn passion-tide3 ,give to ! j increase ( grace1 ,give to ea* contrite s9n] peace4 99,hymn ,vexilla ,regis3 translation ( ,fa!r ,aylw>d1 ,o4,p4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s cross %\ld be wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #c71 honor or rev]5ce is due to a rational creature only2 :ile to an ins5sible creature1 no honor or rev]5ce is due save by reason ( a rational nature4 ,& ?is 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 inasmu* z x repres5ts a rational nature3 secondly1 inasmu* z x is unit$ to x 9 any way :atsoev]4 ,9 ! fir/ way m5 are wont to v5]ate ! k+'s image2 9 ! second way1 8 robe4 ,& bo? are v5]at$ by m5 ) ! same v5]ation z !y %[ to ! k+4 ,if1 !re=e1 we speak ( ! cross itself on :i* ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$1 x is to be v5]at$ by u 9 bo? ways--namely1 9 "o way 9 s f> z x repres5ts to u ! figure ( ,*ri/ ext5d$ !reon2 9 ! o!r way1 f its contact ) ! limbs ( ,*ri/1 & f its be+ saturat$ ) ,8 blood4 ,:]e=e 9 ea* way x is wor%ip$ ) ! same adoration z ,*ri/1 viz4 ! adoration ( latria4 ,& = ?is reason also we speak to ! cross & pray to x1 z to ! ,crucifi$ ,himself4 ,b if we speak ( ! effigy ( ,*ri/'s cross 9 any o!r mat]ial :atev]--= in/ance1 9 /one or wood1 silv] or gold--?us we v5]ate ! cross m]ely z ,*ri/'s image1 :i* we wor%ip ) ! adoration ( latria1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,if 9 ,*ri/'s cross we consid] ! po9t ( view & int5tion ( ^? :o did n believe 9 ,him1 x w appe> z ,8 %ame3 b if we consid] its effect1 :i* is our salvation1 x w appe> z end[$ ) ,div9e p[]1 by :i* x triumph$ ov] ! enemy1 accord+ to ,col4 #b3ad1 #ae3 ,he ha? tak5 ! same out ( ! way1 fa/5+ x to ! cross1 & despoil+ ! pr9cipalities & p[]s1 ,he ha? expos$ !m confid5tly1 9 op5 %[1 triumph+ ov] !m 9 ,himself4 ,:]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #a3ah73 ,! ,^w ( ! cross to !m inde$ t p]i% is fooli%ness2 b to !m t are sav$--t is1 to u--x is ! p[] ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/'s cross 0 n unit$ to ! ,^w ( ,god 9 ,p]son1 yet x 0 unit$ to ,him 9 "s o!r way1 viz4 by repres5tation & contact4 ,& = ?is sole reason rev]5ce is %[n to x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,by reason ( ! contact ( ,*ri/'s limbs we wor%ip n only ! cross1 b all t belongs to ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv1 #aa73 ,! preci\s wood1 z hav+ be5 sanctifi$ by ! contact ( ,8 holy body & blood1 %\ld be meetly wor%ip$2 z also ,8 nails1 ,8 lance1 & ,8 sacr$ dwell+-places1 su* z ! mang]1 ! cave & s =?4 ,yet ^! v ?+s d n repres5t ,*ri/'s image z ! cross does1 :i* is call$ ! ,sign ( ! ,son ( ,man t w appe> 9 heav51 z x is writt5 7,matt4 #bd3cj74 ,:]e=e ! angel said to ! wom5 7,mk4 #af3f73 ,y seek ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ,:o 0 crucifi$3 he said n pi]c$1 b crucifi$4 ,= ?is reason we wor%ip ! image ( ,*ri/'s cross 9 any mat]ial1 b n ! image ( ! nails or ( any su* ?+4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #be1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,"m ( ,god ,%\ld ,be ,wor%ipp$ ) ! ,adoration ( ,latria8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,"m ( ,god is to be wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,= x seems t ! same honor is due to ! k+'s "m z to ! k+3 :5ce x is writt5 7#c ,k+s #b3ai7 t a ?rone 0 set = ! k+'s "m1 & %e sat on ,8 "r h&4 ,moreov]1 ,augu/9e 99,s]mon on ! ,assumption1 "w ( an anonym\s au?or says3 ,x is "r t ! ?rone ( ,god1 ! re/+-place ( ! ,"l ( ,heav51 ! abode ( ,*ri/1 %\ld be !re :]e ,he is ,himself4 ,b ,*ri/ is wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,!re=e ,8 ,"m also %\ld be4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv1 #af73 ,! honor ( ! ,"m reflects on ! ,son4 ,b ! ,son is wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,!re=e ! ,"m also4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s ,"m is m ak9 to ,him ?an ! cross4 ,b ! cross is wor%ip$ ) ! adoration ( latria4 ,!re=e also ,8 ,"m is to be wor%ip$ ) ! same adoration4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,"m ( ,god is a m]e creature4 ,!re=e ! wor%ip ( latria is n due to h]4 ,i answ] t1 ,s9ce latria is due to ,god alone1 x is n due to a creature s f> z we v5]ate a creature = its own sake4 ,= ?\gh ins5sible creatures are n capable ( be+ v5]at$ = _! own sake1 yet ! rational creature is capable ( be+ v5]at$ = its own sake4 ,consequ5tly ! wor%ip ( latria is n due to any m]e rational creature = its own sake4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is a m]e rational creature1 ! wor%ip ( latria is n due to h]1 b only t ( dulia3 b 9 a high] degree ?an to o!r creatures1 inasmu* z %e is ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,= ?is reason we say t n any k9d ( dulia is due to h]1 b hyp]dulia4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! honor due to ! k+'s "m is n equal to ! honor :i* is due to ! k+3 b is some:at l x1 by reason ( a c]ta9 excell5ce on h] "p4 ,?is is :at is meant by ! au?orities quot$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! honor giv5 to ! ,"m reflects on h] ,son1 because ! ,"m is to be honor$ = h] ,son's sake4 ,b n 9 ! same way z honor giv5 to an image reflects on its exempl>3 because ! image itself1 consid]$ z a ?+1 is n to be v5]at$ 9 any way at all4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! cross1 consid]$ 9 itself1 is n an object ( v5]ation1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #d1 #e74 ,b ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is 9 h]self an object ( v5]ation4 ,h5ce !re is no comp>ison4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #be1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,any ,k9d ( ,wor%ip ,is ,due to ! ,relics ( ! ,sa9ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! relics ( ! sa9ts are n to be wor%ip$ at all4 ,= we %\ld avoid do+ :at may be ! occasion ( error4 ,b to wor%ip ! relics ( ! dead seems to savor ( ! error ( ! ,g5tiles1 :o gave honor to dead m54 ,!re=e ! relics ( ! sa9ts are n to be honor$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x seems absurd to v5]ate :at is ins5sible4 ,b ! relics ( ! sa9ts are ins5sible4 ,!re=e x is absurd to v5]ate !m4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a dead body is n ( ! same species z a liv+ body3 consequ5tly x does n seem to be id5tical ) x4 ,!re=e1 aft] a sa9t's dea?1 x seems t 8 body %\ld n be wor%ip$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,de ,eccles4 ,dogm4 xl73 ,we believe t ! bodies ( ! sa9ts1 above all ! relics ( ! bless$ m>tyrs1 z be+ ! memb]s ( ,*ri/1 %\ld be wor%ip$ 9 all s9c]ity3 & fur!r on3 ,if anyone holds a contr>y op9ion1 he is n acc\nt$ a ,*ri/ian1 b a foll[] ( ,eunomius & ,vigilantius4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei i1 #ac73 ,if a fa!r's coat or r+1 or any?+ else ( t k9d1 is s mu* m *]i%$ by 8 *ildr51 z love = "o's p>5ts is great]1 9 no way are ! bodies !mselves to be despis$1 :i* are mu* m intimately & closely unit$ to u ?an any g>m5t2 = !y belong to man's v nature4 ,x is cle> f ?is t he :o has a c]ta9 affection = anyone1 v5]ates :atev] ( 8 is left aft] 8 dea?1 n only 8 body & ! p>ts !re(1 b ev5 ext]nal ?+s1 su* z 8 clo!s1 & su* l4 ,n[ x is manife/ t we %\ld %[ honor to ! sa9ts ( ,god1 z be+ memb]s ( ,*ri/1 ! *ildr5 & fri5ds ( ,god1 & our int]cessors4 ,:]e=e 9 memory ( !m we ought to honor any relics ( !irs 9 a fitt+ mann]3 pr9cipally _! bodies1 :i* 7 temples1 & organs ( ! ,holy ,gho/ dwell+ & op]at+ 9 !m1 & are de/9$ to be lik5$ to ! body ( ,*ri/ by ! glory ( ! ,resurrection4 ,h5ce ,god ,himself fitt+ly honors su* relics by work+ miracles at _! pres5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is 0 ! argum5t ( ,vigilantius1 ^: words are quot$ by ,j]ome 9 ! book he wrote aga9/ him 7*4 ii7 z foll[s3 ,we see some?+ l a pagan rite introduc$ "u pretext ( religion2 !y wor%ip ) kisses ,i "k n :at t9y heap ( du/ 9 a mean vase surr\nd$ ) preci\s l954 ,to him ,j]ome replies 7,ep4 ad ,rip>4 cix73 ,we d n adore1 ,i w n say ! relics ( ! m>tyrs1 b ei!r ! sun or ! moon or ev5 ! angels--t is to say1 ) ! wor%ip ( latria4 ,b we honor ! m>tyrs' relics1 s t !reby we give honor to ,him ,^: m>tyrs 99,! orig9al mean+ ( ! ^w 'm>tyr1' i4e4 ! ,greek m>tys is 'a witness' !y are3 we honor ! s]vants1 t ! honor %[n to !m may reflect on _! ,ma/]4 ,consequ5tly1 by honor+ ! m>tyrs' relics we d n fall into ! error ( ! ,g5tiles1 :o gave ! wor%ip ( latria to dead m54 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,we wor%ip t ins5sible body1 n = its own sake1 b = ! sake ( ! s\l1 :i* 0 once unit$ !reto1 & n[ enjoys ,god2 & = ,god's sake1 ^: m9i/]s ! sa9ts 74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! dead body ( a sa9t is n id5tical ) t :i* ! sa9t _h dur+ life1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce ( =m1 viz4 ! s\l3 b x is ! same by id5tity ( matt]1 :i* is de/9$ to be reunit$ to its =m4 ,,"q #bf ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,z ,,call$ ,,! ,,m$iator ,,( ,,god ,,& ,,man 7,9 ,two ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] h[ ,*ri/ is call$ ! ,m$iator ( ,god & man1 & "u ?is head !re are two po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x is prop] to ,*ri/ to be ! ,m$iator ( ,god & man8 7#b7 ,:e!r ?is belongs to ,him by reason ( ,8 human nature8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bf1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,is ,prop] to ,*ri/ to ,be ! ,m$iator ( ,god & ,man8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x is n prop] to ,*ri/ to be ! ,m$iator ( ,god & man4 ,= a prie/ & a prophet seem to be m$iators betwe5 ,god & man1 accord+ to ,deut4 #e3e3 ,i 0 ! m$iator & /ood betwe5 ,god ,vulg43 '! ,"l' & y at t "t4 ,b x is n prop] to ,*ri/ to be a prie/ & a prophet4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 is x prop] to ,him to be ,m$iator4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 t :i* is fitt+ to angels1 bo? good & bad1 _c be said to be prop] to ,*ri/4 ,b to be betwe5 ,god & man is fitt+ to ! good angels1 z ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 iv74 ,x is also fitt+ to ! bad angels--t is1 ! demons3 = !y h some?+ 9 common ) ,god--namely1 immortality2 & some?+ !y h 9 common ) m5--namely1 passibility ( s\l & consequ5tly unhapp9ess2 z appe>s f :at ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei ix1 #ac1 #ae74 ,!re=e x is n prop] to ,*ri/ to be a ,m$iator ( ,god & man4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x belongs to ! (fice ( ,m$iator to besee* "o ( ^?1 betwe5 :om he m$iates1 = ! o!r4 ,b ! ,holy ,gho/1 z x is writt5 7,rom4 #h3bf71 aske? ,god = u ) unspeakable groan+s4 ,!re=e ! ,holy ,gho/ is a ,m$iator betwe5 ,god & man4 ,!re=e ?is is n prop] to ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7#a ,tim4 #b3e73 ,!re is 4 4 4 "o ,m$iator ( ,god & man1 ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,i answ] t1 ,prop]ly speak+1 ! (fice ( a m$iator is to jo9 toge!r & unite ^? betwe5 :om he m$iates3 = extremes are unit$ 9 ! mean 7m$io74 ,n[ to unite m5 to ,god p]fectively belongs to ,*ri/1 ?r\gh ,:om m5 are reconcil$ to ,god1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #e3ai3 ,god 0 9 ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! _w to ,himself4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 ,*ri/ alone is ! p]fect ,m$iator ( ,god & m51 inasmu* z1 by ,8 dea?1 ,he reconcil$ ! human race to ,god4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le1 aft] say+1 ,m$iator ( ,god & man1 ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus1 add$3 ,:o gave ,himself a r$emption = all4 ,h[ev]1 no?+ h9d]s c]ta9 o!rs f be+ call$ m$iators1 9 "s respect1 betwe5 ,god & man1 =asmu* z !y coop]ate 9 unit+ m5 to ,god1 dispositively or m9i/]ially4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! prophets & prie/s ( ! ,old ,law 7 call$ m$iators betwe5 ,god & man1 dispositively & m9i/]ially3 inasmu* z !y =etold & =e%ad[$ ! true & p]fect ,m$iator ( ,god & m54 ,z to ! prie/s ( ! ,new ,law1 !y may be call$ m$iators ( ,god & m51 inasmu* z !y are ! m9i/]s ( ! true ,m$iator by adm9i/]+1 9 ,8 /ead1 ! sav+ sacram5ts to m54 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! good angels1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei ix1 #ac71 _c rightly be call$ m$iators betwe5 ,god & m54 ,= s9ce1 9 common ) ,god1 !y h bo? beatitude & immortality1 & none ( ^! ?+s 9 common ) unhappy & mortal man1 h[ mu* r are !y n alo( f m5 & ak9 to ,god1 ?an e/abli%$ betwe5 !m8 ,dionysius1 h[ev]1 says t !y d occupy a middle place1 because1 9 ! ord] ( nature1 !y are e/abli%$ bel[ ,god & above man4 ,moreov]1 !y fulfill ! (fice ( m$iator1 n inde$ pr9cipally & p]fectively1 b m9i/]ially & dispositively3 :5ce 7,matt4 #d3aa7 x is said t angels came & m9i/]$ unto ,him--namely1 ,*ri/4 ,z to ! demons1 x is true t !y h immortality 9 common ) ,god1 & unhapp9ess 9 common ) m54 ,h5ce = ?is purpose does ! immortal & unhappy demon int]v5e1 9 ord] t he may h9d] m5 f pass+ to a happy immortality1 & may allure !m to an unhappy immortality4 ,:5ce he is l an evil m$iator1 :o sep>ates fri5ds 99,augu/9e1 ,de ,civ4 ,dei xv4 ,b ,*ri/ _h beatitude 9 common ) ,god1 mortality 9 common ) m54 ,h5ce = ?is purpose did ,he int]v5e1 t hav+ fulfill$ ! span ( ,8 mortality1 ,he might f dead m5 make immortal--:i* ,he %[$ 9 ,himself by ris+ aga92 & t ,he might conf] beatitude on ^? :o 7 depriv$ ( x--= :i* reason ,he nev] =sook u4 ,:]e=e ,he is ! good ,m$iator1 ,:o reconciles enemies 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xv74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,s9ce ! ,holy ,gho/ is 9 ev]y?+ equal to ,god1 ,he _c be said to be betwe51 or a ,m$iator (1 ,god & m53 b ,*ri/ alone1 ,:o1 ?\gh equal to ! ,fa!r 9 ,8 ,godhead1 yet is less ?an ! ,fa!r 9 ,8 human nature1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #bj1 ,a4 #a74 ,h5ce on ,gal4 #c3bj1 ,*ri/ is a ,m$iator ,vulg43 ',n[ a m$iator is n ( "o1 b ,god is "o'1 ! gloss says3 ,n ! ,fa!r nor ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 h[ev]1 is said to ask = u1 because ,he makes u ask4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bf1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/1 z ,man1 ,is ! ,m$iator ( ,god & ,m58 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ is n1 z man1 ! ,m$iator ( ,god & m54 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,felic4 x73 ,"o is ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/3 le/ !re be n "o ,*ri/1 n "o sub/ance2 le/1 ! (fice ( ,m$iator be+ d5i$1 ,he be call$ ! ,son ei!r ( ,god alone1 or m]ely ! ,son ( a man4 ,b ,he is ! ,son ( ,god & man1 n z man1 b z at ! same "t ,god & man4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld we say t1 z man alone1 ,he is ,m$iator ( ,god & man4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 j z ,*ri/1 z ,god1 has a common nature ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/2 s1 z man1 ,he has a common nature ) m54 ,b = ! reason t1 z ,god1 ,he has ! same nature z ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,he _c be call$ ,m$iator1 z ,god3 = on #a ,tim4 #b3e1 ,m$iator ( ,god & man1 a gloss says3 ,z ! ,^w1 ,he is n a ,m$iator1 because ,he is equal to ,god1 & ,god ') ,god1' & at ! same "t "o ,god4 ,!re=e nei!r1 z man1 c ,he be call$ ,m$iator1 on acc\nt ( ,8 hav+ ! same nature z m54 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is call$ ,m$iator1 inasmu* z ,he reconcil$ u to ,god3 & ?is ,he did by tak+ away s91 :i* sep>at$ u f ,god4 ,b to take away s9 belongs to ,*ri/1 n z man1 b z ,god4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is our ,m$iator1 n z man1 b z ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei ix1 #ae73 ,n because ,he is ! ,^w1 is ,*ri/ ,m$iator1 s9ce ,he ,:o is supremely immortal & supremely happy is f> f u unhappy mortals2 b ,he is ,m$iator1 z man4 ,i answ] t1 ,we may consid] two ?+s 9 a m$iator3 fir/1 t he is a mean2 secondly1 t he unites o!rs4 ,n[ x is ( ! nature ( a mean to be di/ant f ea* extreme3 :ile x unites by communicat+ to "o t :i* belongs to ! o!r4 ,n[ nei!r ( ^! c be appli$ to ,*ri/ z ,god1 b only z man4 ,=1 z ,god1 ,he does n diff] f ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 nature & p[] ( dom9ion3 nor h ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/ any?+ t ! ,son has n1 s t ,he be able to communicate to o!rs some?+ belong+ to ! ,fa!r or ! ,holy ,gho/1 z ?\gh x 7 belong+ to o!rs ?an ,himself4 ,b bo? c be appli$ to ,him z man4 ,because1 z man1 ,he is di/ant bo? f ,god1 by nature1 & f man by dignity ( bo? grace & glory4 ,aga91 x belongs to ,him1 z man1 to unite m5 to ,god1 by communicat+ to m5 bo? precepts & gifts1 & by (f]+ satisfaction & pray]s to ,god = m54 ,& !re=e ,he is mo/ truly call$ ,m$iator1 z man4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,if we take ! ,div9e ,nature f ,*ri/1 we consequ5tly take f ,him ! s+ul> fulness ( grace1 :i* belongs to ,him z ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 z x is writt5 7,john #a3ad74 ,f :i* fulness x result$ t ,he 0 e/abli%$ ov] all m51 & approa*$ ne>] to ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/1 z ,god1 is 9 all ?+s equal to ! ,fa!r4 ,b ev5 9 ! human nature ,he is above all m54 ,!re=e1 z man1 ,he c be ,m$iator1 b n z ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh x belongs to ,*ri/ z ,god to take away s9 au?oritatively1 yet x belongs to ,him1 z man1 to satisfy = ! s9 ( ! human race4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ,he is call$ ! ,m$iator ( ,god & m54 ,,/4 ,,?omas ,,& ,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception 7,,editorial ,,note7 ,! privilege ( ! ,virg9-,"m ( ,god & ! supreme pr]ogative ( h] ,son may be se5 f ! foll[+ diagram3 ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,c\rse ,,( ,,orig9al ,,s94 ,! foll[+ cont5t 0 pres5t$ 9 ! =m ( a ?ree-column table 9 ! orig9al4 ,,column #a ,,"u ,,! ,,law4 ,all desc5dants f ,adam4 ,spr+ f ,adam mat]ially & sem9ally4 ,! body lies 7n "u ! guilt1 b7 "u ! effects ( orig9al s94 ,! /rick5 body dispositively causes ! s\l to contract ! guilt ( orig9al s94 ,! s\l at ! mom5t ( union ) ! body contracts ! /a94 ,all contract bo? debt & /a94 ,all ne$ a ,r$eem] to de/roy ! /a9 contract$4 ,,column #b ,,p>tially ,,exempt ,,f ,,! ,,law2 ,,privilege ,,( ,,immaculate ,,conception4 ,spr+ f ,adam mat]ially & sem9ally4 ,! body lies 7n "u ! guilt1 b7 "u ! effects ( orig9al s94 ,! /rick5 body w\ld h dispositively caus$ ! s\l to contract ! guilt ( orig9al s94 ,! s\l at ! mom5t ( union ) ! body 0 prev5t$ by ! infusion ( grace f contract+ ! /a94 ,m>y contract$ ! debt1 b n ! /a94 ,m>y ne$$ a ,r$eem] to prev5t h] f contract+ ! /a94 ,,column #c ,,:olly ,,exempt ,,f ,,! ,,law2 ,,miracul\s ,,conception4 ,spr+s f ,adam mat]ially1 n sem9ally4 7,q4 #ca1 ,a4 #a7 ,8 body lay "u nei!r guilt nor effects ( orig9al s94 ,! body be+ entirely free1 c\ld n transmit ! /a9 to ,8 s\l4 ,no prev5tive grace ne$$4 ,jesus ,*ri/ contract$ nei!r debt nor /a94 ,jesus ,*ri/ is n r$eem$1 b ! ,r$eem]4 ,x w ?us be se5 h[ accurately ,/4 ,?omas speaks ( ! fle% or body ( our ,bless$ ,lady4 ,= x %\ld be rememb]$ t1 accord+ to ,/4 ,?omas1 ! human body is animat$ 9 succession by 7#a7 a vegetative1 7#b7 a s5sitive1 & 7#c7 a rational s\l4 ,h5ce 8 ass]tion t ! fle% ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 conceiv$ 9 orig9al s9 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #c1 ad #a7 means t ! body ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 be+ desc5d$ f ,adam bo? mat]ially & sem9ally1 contract$ ! bodily defects :i* are convey$ by sem9al g5]ation1 & are ! results ( ! privation ( orig9al ju/ice 7,q4 #fi1 ,a4 #d1 ad #c74 ,be=e animation1 !re=e ! body ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 w\ld n be infect$ ) ! guilt ( orig9al s91 because privation ( grace c only be 9 t :i* is ! subject ( grace1 viz4 ! rational s\l4 ,nev]!less1 be=e animation ! body ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 be+ sem9ally desc5d$ f ,adam1 0 su* t x w\ld h be5 ! means ( transmitt+ ! ta9t ( orig9al s9 to ! rational s\l at ! v fir/ in/ant ( animation1 unless ! grace ( ! ,r$eem] int]v5$ & sanctifi$ h] s\l 9 t self-same in/ant1 ?us r$eem+ h] & prev5t+ h] f contract+ ! guilt ( orig9al s94 ,:y1 !n1 does ,/4 ,?omas say t because ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n sanctifi$ be=e animation1 !re=e %e c\ld be sanctifi$ only aft] animation8 ,su* a conclusion w\ld hold if x 7 a "q ( ! ord] ( ,nature3 a ?+ mu/ be be=e x is su* 7prius e/ esse quam esse tale72 & !re=e ! s\l mu/ be1 be=e x is sanctifi$4 ,b if ,/4 ,?omas held = a po/]iority ( "t1 no matt] h[ %ort1 we ask h[ x 0 t he did n p]ceive ! fallacy ( ! argum5t1 s9ce x might be nei!r be=e nor aft]1 b 9 ! v in/ant (1 animation4 ,! "q is answ]$ ?us3 ,/4 ,?omas z a ,doctor ( ! ,*ur* & 9 matt]s :i* 7 n !n de fide1 is a witness to ! expression ( ! fai? ( 8 "t4 ,h5ce 8 l9e ( argum5t co9cides )1 because x foll[s1 t ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,pet] ,lomb>d1 ,alex&] ( ,hales1 ,alb]t ! ,great1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture4 ,x 0 n likely t ,/4 ,?omas w\ld diff] f ! great ma/]s ( 8 "t1 :o fail$ to und]/& t ! grace ( r$emption might at ! same "t be "o ( pres]vation & prev5tion4 ,nor is x likely t ,/4 ,?omas _h any reliable in=mation ab\t ! movem5t99 9 progress at t "t t[>ds a belief 9 ! ,immaculate ,conception4 99,pr9cipally 9 ,engl&1 :]e1 ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ,/4 ,anselm 7#aaji71 ! doctr9e 0 ma9ta9$ by ,eadm] 7#aacg74 ,nicolas ( ,/4 ,albans 7#aage71 ,osb]t ( ,cl>e 7#aagj71 ,rob]t ,grossete/e1 ,bi%op ( ,l9coln 7#abec71 ,william ( ,w>e 7#acjj71 :o 0 ! ma/] ( ,duns ,scotus 7#acjh74 ,no d\bt he knew some?+ ( x1 b ! names ( its promot]s w\ld h weigh$ little ) him z aga9/ ^? ( ,b]n>d1 ,alb]t1 ,pet]1 ,alex&]1 & ,bonav5ture4 ,& x mu/ n be =gott5 t among ^? :o upheld ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 n a few ascrib$ ! privilege z be+ absolute & n "o ( pres]vation & ,r$emption4 ,h5ce x is t ,/4 ,?omas insi/s on two ?+s3 7#a7 t ! ,"m ( ,god 0 r$eem$1 & 7#b7 t ! grace ( h] sanctification 0 a grace ( pres]vation4 ,&1 be x rem>k$ 9 conclusion1 ^! two po9ts1 s mu* insi/$ on by ,/4 ,?omas1 are at ! v basis ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,,"q #bg ,,( ,,! ,,sanctification ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg9 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,aft] ! =ego+ treatise ( ! union ( ,god & man & ! consequ5ces !re(1 x rema9s = u to consid] :at ?+s ! ,inc>nate ,son ( ,god did or suff]$ 9 ! human nature unit$ to ,him4 ,?is consid]ation w be f\rfold4 ,= we %all consid]3 7#a7 ,^? ?+s t relate to ,8 com+ into ! _w2 7#b7 ,^? ?+s t relate to ! c\rse ( ,8 life 9 ?is _w2 7#c7 ,8 dep>ture f ?is _w2 7#d7 ,^? ?+s t conc]n ,8 exaltation aft] ?is life4 ,! fir/ ( ^! (f]s f\r po9ts ( consid]ation3 7#a7 ,! ,conception ( ,*ri/2 7#b7 ,8 ,bir?2 7#c7 ,8 ,circumcision2 7#d7 ,8 ,baptism4 ,conc]n+ ,8 ,conception !re are "s po9ts to be consid]$3 7#a7 ,z to ! ,"m :o conceiv$ ,him2 7#b7 z to ! mode ( ,8 ,conception2 7#c7 z to ! p]fection ( ! (fspr+ conceiv$4 ,on ! "p ( ! ,"m f\r po9ts (f] !mselves to our consid]ation3 7#a7 ,h] sanctification4 7#b7 h] virg9ity2 7#c7 h] esp\sals2 7#d7 h] annunciation1 or prep>ation = conception4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,"m ( ,god1 0 sanctifi$ be=e h] bir? f ! womb8 7#b7 ,:e!r %e 0 sanctifi$ be=e animation8 7#c7 ,:e!r 9 virtue ( ?is sanctification ! fomes ( s9 0 entirely tak5 away f h]8 7#d7 ,:e!r ! result ( ?is sanctification 0 t %e nev] s9n$8 7#e7 ,:e!r 9 virtue ( ?is sanctification %e receiv$ ! fulness ( grace8 7#f7 ,:e!r x 0 prop] to h] to be ?us sanctifi$8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bg1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,0 ,sanctifi$ ,be=e ,h] ,bir? f ! ,womb8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n sanctifi$ be=e h] bir? f ! womb4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3df73 ,t 0 n fir/ :i* is spiritual b t :i* is natural2 aft]w>ds t :i* is spiritual4 ,b by sanctify+ grace man is born spiritually into a son ( ,god accord+ to ,john #a3ac3 7:o7 are born ( ,god4 ,b bir? f ! womb is a natural bir?4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n sanctifi$ be=e h] bir? f ! womb4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,d>dan473 ,! sanctification1 by :i* we become temples ( ,god1 is only ( ^? :o are born aga94 ,b no "o is born aga91 :o 0 n born previ\sly4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n sanctifi$ be=e h] bir? f ! womb4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :oev] is sanctifi$ by grace is cleans$ f s91 bo? orig9al & actual4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 sanctifi$ be=e h] bir? f ! womb1 x foll[s t %e 0 !n cleans$ f orig9al s94 ,n[ no?+ b orig9al s9 c\ld h9d] h] f ent]+ ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,if !re=e %e _h di$ !n1 x seems t %e w\ld h ent]$ ! gates ( heav54 ,b ?is 0 n possible be=e ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ! ,apo/le 7,heb4 #aj3ai73 ,we h ,vulg43 'hav+' !re=e a confid5ce 9 ! ent]+ into ! ,holies by ,8 blood4 ,x seems !re=e t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n sanctifi$ be=e h] bir? f ! womb4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 orig9al s9 is contract$ ?r\gh ! orig91 j z actual s9 is contract$ ?r\gh an act4 ,b z long z "o is 9 ! act ( s9n+1 "o _c be cleans$ f actual s94 ,!re=e nei!r c\ld ! ,bless$ ,virg9 be cleans$ f orig9al s9 z long z %e 0 9 ! act ( orig91 by exi/5ce 9 h] "m's womb4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,*ur* celebrates ! fea/ ( our ,lady's ,nativity4 ,n[ ! ,*ur* does n celebrate fea/s except ( ^? :o are holy4 ,!re=e ev5 9 h] bir? ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 holy4 ,!re=e %e 0 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,i answ] t1 ,no?+ is h&$ d[n 9 ! canonical ,scriptures conc]n+ ! sanctification ( ! ,bless$ ,m>y z to h] be+ sanctifi$ 9 ! womb2 inde$1 !y d n ev5 m5tion h] bir?4 ,b z ,augu/9e1 9 8 tractate on ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg91 argues ) reason1 s9ce h] body 0 assum$ into heav51 & yet ,scripture does n relate ?is2 s x may be reasonably argu$ t %e 0 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,= x is reasonable to believe t %e1 :o br\ght =? ! ,only-,begott5 ( ! ,fa!r full ( grace & tru?1 receiv$ great] privileges ( grace ?an all o!rs3 h5ce we read 7,luke #a3bh7 t ! angel address$ h] 9 ! words3 ,hail full ( grace6 ,moreov]1 x is to be obs]v$ t x 0 grant$1 by way ( privilege1 to o!rs1 to be sanctifi$ 9 ! womb2 = in/ance1 to ,j]emias1 to :om x 0 said 7,j]4 #a3e73 ,be=e ?\ came/ =? out ( ! womb1 ,i sanctifi$ !e2 & aga91 to ,john ! ,bapti/1 ( :om x is writt5 7,luke #a3ae73 ,he %all be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ ev5 f 8 "m's womb4 ,x is !re=e ) reason t we believe ! ,bless$ ,virg9 to h be5 sanctifi$ be=e h] bir? f ! womb4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,ev5 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg91 fir/ 0 t :i* is natural1 & aft]w>ds t :i* is spiritual3 = %e 0 fir/ conceiv$ 9 ! fle%1 & aft]w>ds sanctifi$ 9 ! _s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,augu/9e speaks accord+ to ! common law1 by reason ( :i* no "o is reg5]at$ by ! sacram5ts1 save ^? :o are previ\sly born4 ,b ,god did n s limit ,8 p[] to ! law ( ! sacram5ts1 b t ,he c be/[ ,8 grace1 by special privilege1 on "s be=e !y are born f ! womb4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb f orig9al s91 z to ! p]sonal /a92 b %e 0 n fre$ f ! guilt to :i* ! :ole nature is subject1 s z to ent] into ,p>adise o!rwise ?an ?r\gh ! ,sacrifice ( ,*ri/2 ! same also is to be said ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs :o liv$ be=e ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,orig9al s9 is transmitt$ ?r\gh ! orig91 inasmu* z ?r\gh ! orig9 ! human nature is transmitt$1 & orig9al s91 prop]ly speak+1 affects ! nature4 ,& ?is takes place :5 ! (fspr+ conceiv$ is animat$4 ,:]e=e no?+ h9d]s ! (fspr+ conceiv$ f be+ sanctifi$ aft] animation3 = aft] ?is x rema9s 9 ! "m's womb n = ! purpose ( receiv+ human nature1 b = a c]ta9 p]fect+ ( t :i* x has already receiv$4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bg1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,0 ,sanctifi$ ,be=e ,animation8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 sanctifi$ be=e animation4 ,because1 z we h /at$ 7,a4 #a71 m grace 0 be/[$ on ! ,virg9 ,"m ( ,god ?an on any sa9t4 ,n[ x seems to h be5 grant$ to "s1 to be sanctifi$ be=e animation4 ,= x is writt5 7,j]4 #a3e73 ,be=e ,i =m$ !e 9 ! b[els ( ?y "m1 ,i knew !e3 & ! s\l is n infus$ be=e ! =mation ( ! body4 ,likewise ,ambrose says ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 7,comm5t4 9 ,luc4 i1 #ae73 ,z yet ! _s ( life 0 n 9 him & already he possess$ ! ,_s ( grace4 ,mu* m !re=e c\ld ! ,bless$ ,virg9 be sanctifi$ be=e animation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ,anselm says 7,de ,concep4 ,virg4 xviii71 x 0 fitt+ t ?is ,virg9 %\ld %9e ) su* a purity t "u ,god none great] c be imag9$3 :]e=e x is writt5 7,canticles #d3g73 ,?\ art all fair1 ,o my love1 & !re is n a spot 9 !e4 ,b ! purity ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 w\ld h be5 great]1 if %e _h nev] be5 /a9$ by ! contagion ( orig9al s94 ,!re=e x 0 grant$ to h] to be sanctifi$ be=e h] fle% 0 animat$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z x has be5 /at$ above1 no fea/ is celebrat$ except ( "s sa9t4 ,b "s keep ! fea/ ( ! ,conception ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,!re=e x seems t 9 h] v ,conception %e 0 holy2 & h5ce t %e 0 sanctifi$ be=e animation4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #aa3af73 ,if ! root be holy1 s are ! bran*es4 ,n[ ! root ( ! *ildr5 is _! p>5ts4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 c\ld be sanctifi$ ev5 9 h] p>5ts1 be=e animation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ?+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 figures ( ! ,new1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aj3aa3 ,all ?+s happ5$ to !m 9 figure4 ,n[ ! sanctification ( ! tab]nacle1 ( :i* x is writt5 7,ps4 #de3e73 ,! mo/ ,high ha? sanctifi$ ,8 own tab]nacle1 seems to signify ! sanctification ( ! ,"m ( ,god1 :o is call$ ,god's ,tab]nacle1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ah3f3 ,he ha? set ,8 tab]nacle 9 ! sun4 ,b ( ! tab]nacle x is writt5 7,ex4 #dj3ca1 #cb73 ,aft] all ?+s 7 p]fect$1 ! cl\d cov]$ ! tab]nacle ( ! te/imony1 & ! glory ( ! ,"l fill$ x4 ,!re=e also ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n sanctifi$ until aft] all 9 h] 0 p]fect$1 viz4 h] body & s\l4 ,i answ] t1 ,! sanctification ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 _c be und]/ood z hav+ tak5 place be=e animation1 = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because ! sanctification ( :i* we are speak+1 is no?+ b ! cleans+ f orig9al s93 = sanctification is a p]fect cleans+1 z ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 xii74 ,n[ s9 _c be tak5 away except by grace1 ! subject ( :i* is ! rational creature alone4 ,!re=e be=e ! infusion ( ! rational s\l1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n sanctifi$4 ,secondly1 because1 s9ce ! rational creature alone c be ! subject ( s92 be=e ! infusion ( ! rational s\l1 ! (fspr+ conceiv$ is n liable to s94 ,& ?us1 9 :atev] mann] ! ,bless$ ,virg9 w\ld h be5 sanctifi$ be=e animation1 %e c\ld nev] h incurr$ ! /a9 ( orig9al s93 & ?us %e w\ld n h ne$$ r$emption & salvation :i* is by ,*ri/1 ( :om x is writt5 7,matt4 #a3ba73 ,he %all save ,8 p f _! s9s4 ,b ?is is unfitt+1 ?r\gh imply+ t ,*ri/ is n ! ,savi\r ( all m51 z ,he is call$ 7#a ,tim4 #d3aj74 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 sanctifi$ aft] animation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,"l says t ,he knew ,j]emias be=e he 0 =m$ 9 ! womb1 by k1 t is to say1 ( pr$e/9ation3 b ,he says t ,he sanctifi$ him1 n be=e =mation1 b be=e he came =? out ( ! womb1 etc4 ,z to :at ,ambrose says1 viz4 t 9 ,john ! ,bapti/ !re 0 n ! _s ( life :5 !re 0 already ! ,_s ( grace1 by _s ( life we are n to und]/& ! life-giv+ s\l1 b ! air :i* we brea! out 7respiratus74 ,or x may be said t 9 him z yet !re 0 n ! _s ( life1 t is ! s\l1 z to its manife/ & complete op]ations4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,if ! s\l ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 _h nev] incurr$ ! /a9 ( orig9al s91 ?is w\ld be d]ogatory to ! dignity ( ,*ri/1 by reason ( ,8 be+ ! univ]sal ,savi\r ( all4 ,consequ5tly aft] ,*ri/1 :o1 z ! univ]sal ,savi\r ( all1 ne$$ n to be sav$1 ! purity ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 holds ! highe/ place4 ,= ,*ri/ did n contract orig9al s9 9 any way :atev]1 b 0 holy 9 ,8 v ,conception1 accord+ to ,luke #a3ce3 ,! ,holy :i* %all be born ( !e1 %all be call$ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b ! ,bless$ ,virg9 did inde$ contract orig9al s91 b 0 cleans$ !refrom be=e h] bir? f ! womb4 ,?is is :at is signifi$ 7,job #c3i7 :]e x is writt5 ( ! night ( orig9al s93 ,let x expect light1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 & n see x--7because no defil$ ?+ come? into h]1 z is writt5 ,wis4 #g3be71 nor ! ris+ ( ! dawn+ ( ! day1 t is ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :o 9 h] bir? 0 immune f orig9al s94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! ,*ur* ( ,rome does n celebrate ! ,conception ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 yet x tol]ates ! cu/om ( c]ta9 *ur*es t d keep t fea/1 :]e=e ?is is n to be entirely reprobat$4 ,nev]!less ! celebration ( ?is fea/ does n give u to und]/& t %e 0 holy 9 h] conception4 ,b s9ce x is n kn[n :5 %e 0 sanctifi$1 ! fea/ ( h] ,sanctification1 r ?an ! fea/ ( h] ,conception1 is kept on ! day ( h] conception4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,sanctification is tw(old4 ,"o is t ( ! :ole nature3 inasmu* z ! :ole human nature is fre$ f all corruption ( s9 & puni%m5t4 ,?is w take place at ! resurrection4 ,! o!r is p]sonal sanctification4 ,?is is n transmitt$ to ! *ildr5 begott5 ( ! fle%3 because x does n reg>d ! fle% b ! m9d4 ,consequ5tly1 ?\gh ! p>5ts ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 7 cleans$ f orig9al s91 nev]!less %e contract$ orig9al s91 s9ce %e 0 conceiv$ by way ( fle%ly concupisc5ce & ! int]c\rse ( man & woman3 = ,augu/9e says 7,de ,nup4 et ,concup4 i73 ,all fle% born ( c>nal int]c\rse is s9ful4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bg1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,0 ,cleans$ f ! ,infection ( ! ,fomes8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n cleans$ f ! infection ( ! fomes4 ,= j z ! fomes1 consi/+ 9 ! rebellion ( ! l[] p[]s aga9/ ! reason1 is a puni%m5t ( orig9al s92 s also are dea? & o!r corporeal p5alties4 ,!re=e ! fomes 0 n entirely remov$ f h]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#b ,cor4 #ab3i73 ,p[] is made p]fect 9 infirmity1 :i* ref]s to ! weakness ( ! fomes1 by reason ( :i* he 7! ,apo/le7 felt ! /+ ( ! fle%4 ,b x 0 n fitt+ t any?+ %\ld be tak5 away f ! ,bless$ ,virg91 p]ta9+ to ! p]fection ( virtue4 ,!re=e x 0 unfitt+ t ! fomes %\ld be entirely tak5 away f h]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii7 t ! ,holy ,gho/ came ^u ! ,bless$ ,virg91 purify+ h]1 be=e %e conceiv$ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b ?is c only be und]/ood ( purification f ! fomes3 = %e committ$ no s91 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,nat4 et ,grat4 xxvi74 ,!re=e by ! sanctification 9 ! womb %e 0 n absolutely cleans$ f ! fomes4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,canticles #d3g73 ,?\ art all fair1 ,o my love1 & !re is n a spot 9 !e6 ,b ! fomes implies a blemi%1 at any rate 9 ! fle%4 ,!re=e ! fomes 0 n 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,i answ] t1 on ?is po9t !re are v>i\s op9ions4 ,= "s h held t ! fomes 0 entirely tak5 away 9 t sanctification :]eby ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,o!rs say t x rema9$ z f> z x causes a difficulty 9 do+ good1 b 0 tak5 away z f> z x causes a pron5ess to evil4 ,o!rs aga91 t x 0 tak5 away z to ! p]sonal corruption1 by :i* x makes u quick to d evil & sl[ to d good3 b t x rema9$ z to ! corruption ( nature1 inasmu* z x is ! cause ( transmitt+ orig9al s9 to ! (fspr+4 ,la/ly1 o!rs say t1 9 h] fir/ sanctification1 ! fomes rema9$ ess5tially1 b 0 fett]$2 & t1 :5 %e conceiv$ ! ,son ( ,god1 x 0 entirely tak5 away4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! "q at issue1 x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! fomes is no?+ b a c]ta9 inord9ate1 b habitual1 concupisc5ce ( ! s5sitive appetite1 = actual concupisc5ce is a s9ful motion4 ,n[ s5sual concupisc5ce is said to be inord9ate1 9 s f> z x rebels aga9/ reason2 & ?is x does by incl9+ to evil1 or h9d]+ f good4 ,consequ5tly x is ess5tial to ! fomes to incl9e to evil1 or h9d] f good4 ,:]e=e to say t ! fomes 0 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 )\t an incl9ation to evil1 is to comb9e two contradictory /atem5ts4 ,9 l mann] x seems to imply a contradiction to say t ! fomes rema9$ z to ! corruption ( nature1 b n z to ! p]sonal corruption4 ,=1 accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,de ,nup4 et ,concup4 i471 x is lu/ t transmits orig9al s9 to ! (fspr+4 ,n[ lu/ implies inord9ate concupisc5ce1 n entirely subject to reason3 & !re=e1 if ! fomes 7 entirely tak5 away z to p]sonal corruption1 x c\ld n rema9 z to ! corruption ( nature4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 = u to say1 ei!r t ! fomes 0 entirely tak5 away f h] by h] fir/ sanctification or t x 0 fett]$4 ,n[ t ! fomes 0 entirely tak5 away1 might be und]/ood 9 ?is way1 t1 by ! abundance ( grace be/[$ on ! ,bless$ ,virg91 su* a disposition ( ! s\l's p[]s 0 grant$ to h]1 t ! l[] p[]s 7 nev] mov$ )\t ! comm& ( h] reason3 j z we h /at$ to h be5 ! case ) ,*ri/ 7,q4 #ae1 ,a4 #b71 :o c]ta9ly did n h ! fomes ( s92 z also 0 ! case ) ,adam1 be=e he s9n$1 by reason ( orig9al ju/ice3 s t1 9 ?is respect1 ! grace ( sanctification 9 ! ,virg9 _h ! =ce ( orig9al ju/ice4 ,& al?\gh ?is appe>s to be "p ( ! dignity ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1 yet x is some:at d]ogatory to ! dignity ( ,*ri/1 )\t ^: p[] no "o _h be5 fre$ f ! fir/ s5t5ce ( condemnation4 ,& ?\gh1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/1 "s 7 fre$ f t condemnation1 accord+ to ! _s1 be=e ,*ri/'s ,inc>nation1 yet x does n seem fitt+ t any "o %\ld be fre$ f t condemnation1 accord+ to ! fle%1 except aft] ,8 ,inc>nation1 = x 0 !n t immunity f condemnation 0 fir/ to appe>4 ,consequ5tly1 j z be=e ! immortality ( ! fle% ( ,*ri/ ris+ aga91 none obta9$ immortality ( ! fle%1 s x seems unfitt+ to say t be=e ,*ri/ appe>$ 9 s9less fle%1 ,8 ,virg9 ,"m's or anyone else's fle% %\ld be )\t ! fomes1 :i* is call$ ! law ( ! fle% or ( ! memb]s 7,rom4 #g3bc1 #be74 ,!re=e x seems bett] to say t by ! sanctification 9 ! womb1 ! ,virg9 0 n fre$ f ! fomes 9 its ess5ce1 b t x rema9$ fett]$3 n inde$ by an act ( h] reason1 z 9 holy m51 s9ce %e _h n ! use ( reason f ! v fir/ mom5t ( h] exi/5ce 9 h] "m's womb1 = ?is 0 ! s+ul> privilege ( ,*ri/3 b by reason ( ! abundant grace be/[$ on h] 9 h] sanctification1 & /ill m p]fectly by ,div9e ,provid5ce pres]v+ h] s5sitive s\l1 9 a s+ul> mann]1 f any inord9ate movem5t4 ,aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 at ! conception ( ,*ri/'s fle%1 9 :i* = ! fir/ "t immunity f s9 0 to be conspicu\s1 x is to be believ$ t entire fre$om f ! fomes r$\nd$ f ! ,*ild to ! ,"m4 ,?is inde$ is signifi$ 7,eze*4 #dc3b73 ,behold ! glory ( ! ,god ( ,israel came 9 by ! way ( ! ea/1 i4e4 by ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & ! e>?1 i4e4 h] fle%1 %one ) ,81 i4e4 ,*ri/'s1 maje/y4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,dea? & su* l p5alties d n ( !mselves incl9e u to s94 ,:]e=e ?\gh ,*ri/ assum$ !m1 ,he did n assume ! fomes4 ,consequ5tly 9 ord] t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 might be con=m$ to h] ,son1 f ^: fulness h] grace 0 d]iv$1 ! fomes 0 at fir/ fett]$ & aft]w>ds tak5 away3 :ile %e 0 n fre$ f dea? & o!r su* p5alties4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! infirmity ( ! fle%1 t p]ta9s to ! fomes1 is inde$ to holy m5 an occasional cause ( p]fect virtue3 b n ! s9e qua non ( p]fection3 & x is q en\gh to ascribe to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 p]fect virtue & abundant grace3 nor is !re any ne$ to attribute to h] e occasional cause ( p]fection4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,holy ,gho/ effect$ a tw(old purification 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,! fir/ 01 z x 71 prep>atory to ,*ri/'s conception3 :i* did n cleanse h] f ! /a9 ( s9 or fomes1 b r gave h] m9d a unity ( purpose & dis5gag$ x f a multiplicity ( ?+s 7,cf4 ,dionysius1 ,div4 ,nom4 iv71 s9ce ev5 ! angels are said to be purifi$1 9 :om !re is no /a91 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 vi74 ,! second purification effect$ 9 h] by ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 by means ( ! conception ( ,*ri/ :i* 0 ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& 9 respect ( ?is1 x may be said t ,he purifi$ h] entirely f ! fomes4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bg1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r by ,be+ ,sanctifi$ 9 ! ,womb ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,0 ,pres]v$ f ,all ,actual ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t by be+ sanctifi$ 9 ! womb ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n pres]v$ f all actual s94 ,=1 z we h already /at$ 7,a4 #c71 aft] h] fir/ sanctification ! fomes rema9$ 9 ! ,virg94 ,n[ ! motion ( ! fomes1 ev5 if x prec$e ! act ( ! reason1 is a v5ial s91 albeit extremely slight1 z ,augu/9e says 9 8 "w ,de ,tr9itate 99,cf4 ,s5t4 ii1 ,d1 #bd4 ,!re=e !re 0 "s v5ial s9 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e 7,qq4 ,nov4 et ,vet4 ,te/4 lxxiii on ,luke #b3ce3 ,?y own s\l a sword %all pi]ce7 says t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 tr\bl$ ) wond]+ d\bt at ! dea? ( our ,"l4 ,b d\bt 9 matt]s ( fai? is a s94 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n pres]v$ f all actual s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 xlv 9 ,mat?47 exp\nd+ ! text3 ,behold ?y "m & ?y bre?r5 /& )\t1 seek+ !e1 says3 ,x is cle> t !y did ?is f m]e va9 glory4 ,aga91 on ,john #b3c3 ,!y h no w9e1 ! same ,*ryso/om says t %e wi%$ to d !m a favor1 & raise h]self 9 _! e/eem1 by means ( h] ,son3 & p]*ance %e succumb$ to human frailty1 j z did ,8 bre?r5 :5 !y said3 ',manife/ ,?yself to ! _w4' ,& a little fur!r on he says3 ,= z yet %e did n believe 9 ,him z %e ought4 ,n[ x is q cle> t all ?is 0 s9ful4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n pres]v$ f all s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,nat4 et ,grat4 xxxvi73 ,9 ! matt] ( s91 x is my wi% to exclude absolutely all que/ions conc]n+ ! holy ,virg9 ,m>y1 on acc\nt ( ! honor due to ,*ri/4 ,= s9ce %e conceiv$ & br\ght =? ,him :o mo/ c]ta9ly 0 guilty ( no s91 we "k t an abundance ( grace 0 giv5 h] t %e might be 9 e way ! conqu]or ( s94 ,i answ] t1 ,god s prep>es & end[s ^?1 :om ,he *ooses = "s p>ticul> (fice1 t !y are r5d]$ capable ( fulfill+ x1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #c3f3 7,:o7 ha? made u fit m9i/]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,n[ ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 *os5 by ,god to be ,8 ,"m4 ,!re=e !re c be no d\bt t ,god1 by ,8 grace1 made h] wor?y ( t (fice1 accord+ to ! words spok5 to h] by ! angel 7,luke #a3cj1 #ca73 ,?\ ha/ f\nd grace ) ,god3 behold ?\ %alt conceive1 etc4 ,b %e w\ld n h be5 wor?y to be ! ,"m ( ,god1 if %e _h ev] s9n$4 ,fir/1 because ! honor ( ! p>5ts reflects on ! *ild1 accord+ to ,prov4 #ag3f3 ,! glory ( *ildr5 are _! fa!rs3 & consequ5tly1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,"m's %ame w\ld h reflect$ on h] ,son4 ,secondly1 because ( ! s+ul> aff9ity betwe5 h] & ,*ri/1 :o took fle% f h]3 & x is writt5 7 #b ,cor4 #f3ae73 ,:at concord ha? ,*ri/ ) ,belial8 ,?irdly1 because ( ! s+ul> mann] 9 :i* ! ,son ( ,god1 :o is ! ,div9e ,wisdom 7#a ,cor4 #a3bd7 dwelt 9 h]1 n only 9 h] s\l b 9 h] womb4 ,& x is writt5 7,wis4 #a3d73 ,wisdom w n ent] into a malici\s s\l1 nor dwell 9 a body subject to s9s4 ,we mu/ !re=e confess simply t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 committ$ no actual s91 nei!r mortal nor v5ial2 s t :at is writt5 7,cant #d3g7 is fulfill$3 ,?\ art all fair1 ,o my love1 & !re is n a spot 9 !e1 etc4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,aft] h] sanctification ! fomes rema9$ 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg91 b fett]$2 le/ %e %\ld be surpris$ by "s sudd5 inord9ate act1 antec$5t to ! act ( reason4 ,& al?\gh ! grace ( h] sanctification contribut$ to ?is effect1 yet x did n suffice2 = o!rwise ! result ( h] sanctification w\ld h be5 to r5d] impossible 9 h] any s5sual movem5t n prec$$ by an act ( reason1 & ?us %e w\ld n h _h ! fomes1 :i* is contr>y to :at we h said above 7,a4 #c74 ,we mu/ !re=e say t ! above m5tion$ fett]+ 7( ! fomes7 0 p]fect$ by div9e provid5ce n p]mitt+ any inord9ate motion to result f ! fomes4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,orig5 7,hom4 xvii 9 ,luc47 & c]ta9 o!r doctors exp\nd ^! words ( ,simeon z ref]r+ to ! sorr[ :i* %e suff]$ at ! "t ( our ,"l's ,passion4 ,ambrose 79 ,luc4 #b3ce7 says t ! sword signifies ,m>y's prud5ce :i* took note ( ! heav5ly my/]y4 ,= ! ^w ( ,god is liv+ & effectual1 & m pi]c+ ?an any two-edg$ sword 7,heb4 #d3ab74 ,o!rs aga9 take ! sword to signify d\bt4 ,b ?is is to be und]/ood ( ! d\bt1 n ( unbelief1 b ( wond] & discussion4 ,?us ,basil says 7,ep4 ad ,optim47 t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 :ile /&+ by ! cross1 & obs]v+ e detail1 aft] ! message ( ,gabriel1 & ! ineffable k ( ! ,div9e ,conception1 aft] t wondr\s manife/ation ( miracles1 0 tr\bl$ 9 m9d3 t is to say1 on ! "o side see+ ,him suff] su* humiliation1 & on ! o!r consid]+ ,8 m>vel\s works4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ^? words ,*ryso/om goes too f>4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 be expla9$ z mean+ t our ,"l correct$ 9 h]1 n ! inord9ate motion ( va9 glory 9 reg>d to h]self1 b t :i* might be 9 ! ?\ghts ( o!rs4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bg1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r1 by ,h] ,sanctification 9 ! ,womb1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,receiv$ ! ,fulness ( ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t1 by h] sanctification 9 ! womb1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 did n receive ! fulness or p]fection ( grace4 ,= ?is seems to be ,*ri/'s privilege1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,we saw ,him ,vulg43 ',8 glory' z ! ,only-,begott5 ,vulg43 'z x 7 ( ! ,only-,begott5' full ( grace & tru?4 ,b :at is prop] to ,*ri/ ought n to be ascrib$ to "s "o else4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 did n receive ! fulness ( grace at ! "t ( h] sanctification4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ rema9s to be add$ to t :i* is full & p]fect3 = ! p]fect is t :i* lacks no?+1 z is said ,phys4 iii4 ,b ! ,bless$ ,virg9 receiv$ additional grace aft]w>ds :5 %e conceiv$ ,*ri/2 = to h] 0 x said 7,luke #a3ce73 ,! ,holy ,gho/ %all come ^u !e3 & aga91 :5 %e 0 assum$ into glory4 ,!re=e x seems t %e did n receive ! fulness ( grace at ! "t ( h] fir/ sanctification4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,god does no?+ useless1 z is said ,de ,coelo et ,mundo i4 ,b x w\ld h be5 useless = h] to h c]ta9 graces1 = %e w\ld nev] h put !m to use3 s9ce we d n read t %e taught :i* is ! act ( wisdom2 or t %e work$ miracles1 :i* is ! act ( "o ( ! gratuit\s graces4 ,!re=e %e _h n ! fulness ( grace4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! angel said to h]3 ,hail1 full ( grace 7,luke #a3bh72 :i* words ,j]ome exp\nds z foll[s1 9 a s]mon on ! ,assumption 7cf4 ,ep4 ad ,paul4 et ,eu/o*473 ,full inde$ ( grace3 = to o!rs x is giv5 9 portions2 :]eas on ,m>y ! fulness ( grace 0 %[]$ all at once4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 e g5us1 ! ne>] a ?+ is to ! pr9ciple1 ! great] ! "p :i* x has 9 ! effect ( t pr9ciple1 :5ce ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 iv7 t angels1 be+ ne>] to ,god1 h a great] %>e ?an m51 9 ! effects ( ! ,div9e goodness4 ,n[ ,*ri/ is ! pr9ciple ( grace1 au?oritatively z to ,8 ,godhead1 in/rum5tally z to ,8 humanity3 :5ce 7,john #a3ag7 x is writt53 ,grace & tru? came by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y 0 ne>e/ to ,*ri/ 9 ,8 humanity3 because ,he receiv$ ,8 human nature f h]4 ,!re=e x 0 due to h] to receive a great] fulness ( grace ?an o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,god gives to ea* "o accord+ to ! purpose = :i* ,he has *os5 him4 ,& s9ce ,*ri/ z man 0 pr$e/9at$ & *os5 to be pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god 9 p[] 4 4 4 ( sanctification 7,rom4 #a3d71 x 0 prop] to ,him to h su* a fulness ( grace t x ov]fl[$ f ,him into all1 accord+ to ,john #a3af3 ,( ,8 fulness we h all receiv$4 ,:]eas ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y receiv$ su* a fulness ( grace t %e 0 ne>e/ ( all to ! ,au?or ( grace2 s t %e receiv$ )9 h] ,him ,:o is full ( all grace2 & by br++ ,him =?1 %e1 9 a mann]1 disp5s$ grace to all4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 natural ?+s at fir/ !re is p]fection ( disposition1 = in/ance :5 matt] is p]fectly dispos$ = ! =m4 ,secondly1 !re is ! p]fection ( ! =m2 & ?is is ! m excell5t1 = ! heat t proce$s f ! =m ( fire is m p]fect ?an t :i* dispos$ to ! =m ( fire4 ,?irdly1 !re is ! p]fection ( ! end3 = in/ance :5 fire has its qualities 9 ! mo/ p]fect degree1 hav+ m\nt$ to its own place4 ,9 l mann] !re 0 a ?reefold p]fection ( grace 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,! fir/ 0 a k9d ( disposition1 by :i* %e 0 made wor?y to be ! "m ( ,*ri/3 & ?is 0 ! p]fection ( h] sanctification4 ,! second p]fection ( grace 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 ?r\gh ! pres5ce ( ! ,son ( ,god ,inc>nate 9 h] womb4 ,! ?ird p]fection ( ! end is t :i* %e has 9 glory4 ,t ! second p]fection excels ! fir/1 & ! ?ird ! second1 appe>s 7#a7 f ! po9t ( view ( deliv]ance f evil4 ,= at fir/ 9 h] sanctification %e 0 deliv]$ f orig9al s93 aft]w>ds1 9 ! conception ( ! ,son ( ,god1 %e 0 entirely cleans$ f ! fomes3 la/ly1 9 h] glorification %e 0 also deliv]$ f all affliction :atev]4 ,x appe>s 7#b7 f ! po9t ( view ( ord]+ to good4 ,= at fir/ 9 h] sanctification %e receiv$ grace incl9+ h] to good3 9 ! conception ( ! ,son ( ,god %e receiv$ consummate grace confirm+ h] 9 good2 & 9 h] glorification h] grace 0 fur!r consummat$ s z to p]fect h] 9 ! enjoym5t ( all good4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!re is no d\bt t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 receiv$ 9 a high degree bo? ! gift ( wisdom & ! grace ( miracles & ev5 ( prophecy1 j z ,*ri/ _h !m4 ,b %e did n s receive !m1 z to put !m & su* l graces to e use1 z did ,*ri/3 b accord+ly z x befitt$ h] condition ( life4 ,= %e _h ! use ( wisdom 9 contemplation1 accord+ to ,luke #b3ai3 ,b ,m>y kept all ^! words1 pond]+ !m 9 h] he>t4 ,b %e _h n ! use ( wisdom z to tea*+3 s9ce ?is befitt$ n ! female sex1 accord+ to #a ,tim4 #b3ab3 ,b ,i suff] n a woman to tea*4 ,! use ( miracles did n become h] :ile %e liv$3 because at t "t ! ,tea*+ ( ,*ri/ 0 to be confirm$ by miracles1 & !re=e x 0 befitt+ t ,*ri/ alone1 & ,8 disciples :o 7 ! be>]s ( ,8 doctr9e1 %\ld "w miracles4 ,h5ce ( ,john ! ,bapti/ x is writt5 7,john #aj3da7 t he did no sign2 t is1 9 ord] t all might fix _! att5tion on ,*ri/4 ,z to ! use ( prophecy1 x is cle> t %e _h x1 f ! canticle spok5 by h]3 ,my s\l do? magnify ! ,"l 7,luke #a3df1 etc474 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bg1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,aft] ,*ri/1 ,x ,0 ,prop] to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 to ,be ,sanctifi$ 9 ! ,womb8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 prop] = ! ,bless$ ,virg91 aft] ,*ri/1 to be sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,= x has be5 said 7,a4 #d7 t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb1 9 ord] t %e might be wor?y to be ! "m ( ,god4 ,b ?is is prop] to h]4 ,!re=e %e alone 0 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 "s m5 seem to h be5 m closely connect$ ) ,*ri/ ?an ,j]emias & ,john ! ,bapti/1 :o are said to h be5 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,= ,*ri/ is specially call$ ! ,son ( ,david & ( ,abraham1 by reason ( ! promise specially made to !m conc]n+ ,*ri/4 ,isaias also prophesi$ ( ,*ri/ 9 ! mo/ express t]ms4 ,& ! apo/les 7 9 conv]se ) ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,& yet ^! are n m5tion$ z hav+ be5 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,!re=e x 0 n befitt+ t ei!r ,j]emias or ,john ! ,bapti/ %\ld be sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,job says ( himself 7,job #ca3ah73 ,f my infancy m]cy grew up ) me2 & x came out ) me f my "m's womb4 ,nev]!less we d n = ?is reason say t he 0 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,nei!r !re=e are we b\nd to say t ,j]emias & ,john ! ,bapti/ 7 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 ( ,j]emias 7,j]4 #a3e73 ,be=e ?\ came/ =? out ( ! womb ,i sanctifi$ !e4 ,& ( ,john ! ,bapti/ x is writt5 7,luke #a3ae73 ,he %all be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 ev5 f 8 "m's womb4 ,i answ] t1 ,augu/9e 7,ep4 ad ,d>dan47 seems to speak dubi\sly ( _! 7,j]emias' & ,john ! ,bapti/'s7 sanctification 9 ! womb4 ,= ! leap+ ( ,john 9 ! womb might1 z he says1 signify ! great tru?1 viz4 t ! woman 0 ! "m ( ,god1 :i* 0 to be made kn[n to 8 eld]s1 ?\gh z yet unkn[n to ! infant4 ,h5ce 9 ! ,gospel x is writt51 n t ! infant 9 h] womb believ$1 b t x 'leap$'3 & our eyes are witness t n only infants leap b also cattle4 ,b ?is 0 unwont$ because x 0 9 ! womb4 ,& !re=e1 j z o!r miracles are wont to be done1 ?is 0 done div9ely1 9 ! infant2 n humanly by ! infant4 ,p]haps also 9 ?is *ild ! use ( reason & w 0 s f> accel]at$ t :ile yet 9 8 "m's womb he 0 able to ackn[l$ge1 believe1 & cons5t1 :]eas 9 o!r *ildr5 we h to wait = ^! ?+s till !y gr[ old]3 ?is aga9 ,i c\nt z a miracul\s result ( ! div9e p[]4 ,b s9ce x is expressly said 7( ,john7 9 ! ,gospel t he %all be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 ev5 f 8 "m's womb2 & ( ,j]emias1 ,be=e ?\ came/ =? out ( ! womb1 ,i sanctifi$ !e2 x seems t we mu/ ne$s ass]t t !y 7 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb1 al?\gh1 :ile 9 ! womb1 !y _h n ! use ( reason 7:i* is ! po9t discuss$ by ,augu/9e72 j z nei!r d *ildr5 enjoy ! use ( free w z soon z !y are sanctifi$ by baptism4 ,nor are we to believe t any o!rs1 n m5tion$ by ,scripture1 7 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,= su* privileges ( grace1 :i* are be/[$ on "s1 outside ! common law1 are ord]$ = ! salvation ( o!rs1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ab3g3 ,! manife/ation ( ! ,_s is giv5 to e man unto pr(it1 :i* w\ld n result f ! sanctification ( anyone unless x 7 made kn[n to ! ,*ur*4 ,& al?\gh x is n possible to assign a reason = ,god's judgm5ts1 = in/ance1 :y ,he be/[s su* a grace on "o & n on ano!r1 yet !re seems to be a c]ta9 fitt+ness 9 bo? ( ^! be+ sanctifi$ 9 ! womb1 by _! =e%ad[+ ! sanctification :i* 0 to be effect$ ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,fir/1 z to ,8 ,passion1 accord+ to ,heb4 #ac3ab3 ,jesus1 t ,he might sanctify ! p by ,8 own blood1 suff]$ )\t ! gate3 :i* ,passion ,j]emias =etold op5ly by words & by symbols1 & mo/ cle>ly =e%ad[$ by 8 own suff]+s4 ,secondly1 z to ,8 ,baptism 7#a ,cor4 #f3aa73 ,b y are wa%$1 b y are sanctifi$2 to :i* ,baptism ,john prep>$ m5 by 8 baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! bless$ ,virg91 :o 0 *os5 by ,god to be ,8 ,"m1 receiv$ a full] grace ( sanctification ?an ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,j]emias1 :o 7 *os5 to =e%ad[ 9 a special way ! sanctification effect$ by ,*ri/4 ,a sign ( ?is is t x 0 grant$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 !nce=w>d nev] to s9 ei!r mortally or v5ially3 :]eas to ! o!rs :o 7 ?us sanctifi$ x 0 grant$ !nce=w>d n to s9 mortally1 ?r\gh ! protection ( ,god's grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 o!r respects ^! sa9ts might be m closely unit$ to ,*ri/ ?an ,j]emias & ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,b ! latt] 7 mo/ closely unit$ to ,him by cle>ly =e%ad[+ ,8 sanctification1 z expla9$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! m]cy ( :i* ,job speaks is n ! infus$ virtue2 b a c]ta9 natural incl9ation to ! act ( t virtue4 ,,"q #bh ,,( ,,! ,,virg9ity ,,( ,,! ,,"m ,,( ,,god 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we n[ h to consid] ! virg9ity ( ! ,"m ( ,god2 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r %e 0 a virg9 9 conceiv+8 7#b7 ,:e!r %e 0 a virg9 9 ,8 ,bir?8 7#c7 ,:e!r %e rema9$ a virg9 aft] ,8 ,bir?8 7#d7 ,:e!r %e took a v[ ( virg9ity8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bh1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,"m ( ,god ,0 a ,virg9 9 ,conceiv+ ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,"m ( ,god 0 n a virg9 9 conceiv+ ,*ri/4 ,= no *ild hav+ fa!r & "m is conceiv$ by a virg9 "m4 ,b ,*ri/ is said to h _h n only a "m1 b also a fa!r1 accord+ to ,luke #b3cc3 ,8 fa!r & "m 7 wond]+ at ^? ?+s :i* 7 spok5 conc]n+ ,him3 & fur!r on 7,luke #b3dh7 9 ! same *apt] %e says3 ,behold ,i & ,?y fa!r ,vulg43 ',?y fa!r & ,i' h s\ght ,!e sorr[+4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n conceiv$ ( a virg9 "m4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r 7,matt4 #a7 x is prov$ t ,*ri/ 0 ! ,son ( ,abraham & ,david1 ?r\gh ,joseph be+ desc5d$ f ,david4 ,b ?is pro( w\ld h avail$ no?+ if ,joseph 7 n ! fa!r ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s ,"m conceiv$ ,him ( ! se$ ( ,joseph2 & consequ5tly t %e 0 n a virg9 9 conceiv+ ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,gal4 #d3d73 ,god s5t ,8 ,son1 made ( a woman4 ,b accord+ to ! cu/om>y mode ( speak+1 ! t]m woman applies to "o :o is kn[n ( a man4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n conceiv$ by a virg9 "m4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ?+s ( ! same species h ! same mode ( g5]ation3 s9ce g5]ation is specifi$ by its t]m9us j z are o!r motions4 ,b ,*ri/ belong$ to ! same species z o!r m51 accord+ to ,phil4 #b3g3 ,be+ made 9 ! lik5ess ( m51 & 9 habit f\nd z a man4 ,s9ce !re=e o!r m5 are begott5 ( ! m+l+ ( male & female1 x seems t ,*ri/ 0 begott5 9 ! same mann]2 & t consequ5tly ,he 0 n conceiv$ ( a virg9 "m4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 e natural =m has its det]m9ate matt]1 outside :i* x _c be4 ,b ! matt] ( human =m appe>s to be ! sem5 ( male & female4 ,if !re=e ,*ri/'s body 0 n conceiv$ ( ! sem5 ( male & female1 x w\ld n h be5 truly a human body2 :i* _c be ass]t$4 ,x seems !re=e t ,he 0 n conceiv$ ( a virg9 "m4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #g3ad73 ,behold a virg9 %all conceive4 ,i answ] t1 ,we mu/ confess simply t ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ 0 a virg9 9 conceiv+ = to d5y ?is belongs to ! h]esy ( ! ,ebionites & ,c]9?us1 :o held ,*ri/ to be a m]e man1 & ma9ta9$ t ,he 0 born ( bo? sexes4 ,x is fitt+ = f\r reasons t ,*ri/ %\ld be born ( a virg94 ,fir/1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! dignity or ! ,fa!r ,:o s5t ,him4 ,= s9ce ,*ri/ is ! true & natural ,son ( ,god1 x 0 n fitt+ t ,he %\ld h ano!r fa!r ?an ,god3 le/ ! dignity belong+ to ,god be transf]r$ to ano!r4 ,secondly1 ?is 0 befitt+ to a prop]ty ( ! ,son ,himself1 ,:o is s5t4 ,= ,he is ! ,^w ( ,god3 & ! ^w is conceiv$ )\t any int]ior corruption3 inde$1 int]ior corruption is incompatible ) p]fect conception ( ! ^w4 ,s9ce !re=e fle% 0 s assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god1 z to be ! fle% ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 x 0 fitt+ t x also %\ld be conceiv$ )\t corruption ( ! "m4 ,?irdly1 ?is 0 befitt+ to ! dignity ( ,*ri/'s humanity 9 :i* !re c\ld be no s91 s9ce by x ! s9 ( ! _w 0 tak5 away1 accord+ to ,john #a3bi3 ,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god 7i4e4 ! ,lamb )\t /a97 :o take? away ! s9 ( ! _w4 ,n[ x 0 n possible 9 a nature already corrupt1 = fle% to be born f sexual int]c\rse )\t incurr+ ! infection ( orig9al s94 ,:5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,nup4 et ,concup4 i73 ,9 t union1 viz4 ! m>riage ( ,m>y & ,joseph1 ! nuptial int]c\rse alone 0 lack+3 because 9 s9ful fle% ?is c\ld n be )\t fle%ly concupisc5ce :i* arises f s91 & )\t :i* ,he wi%$ to be conceiv$1 ,:o 0 to be )\t s94 ,f\r?ly1 on acc\nt ( ! v end ( ! ,inc>nation ( ,*ri/1 :i* 0 t m5 might be born aga9 z sons ( ,god1 n ( ! w ( ! fle%1 nor ( ! w ( man1 b ( ,god 7,john #a3ac71 i4e4 ( ! p[] ( ,god1 ( :i* fact ! v conception ( ,*ri/ 0 to appe> z an exempl>4 ,:5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,sanct4 ,virg473 ,x behoov$ t our ,head1 by a notable miracle1 %\ld be born1 aft] ! fle%1 ( a virg91 t ,he might !reby signify t ,8 memb]s w\ld be born1 aft] ! ,_s1 ( a virg9 ,*ur*4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,b$e says on ,luke #a3cc3 ,joseph is call$ ! fa!r ( ! ,savi\r1 n t he really 0 ,8 fa!r1 z ! ,phot9ians pret5d$3 b t he 0 consid]$ by m5 to be s1 = ! safegu>d+ ( ,m>y's good "n4 ,:]e=e ,luke adds 7,luke #c3bc73 ,be+1 z x 0 suppos$1 ! son ( ,joseph4 ,or1 accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,de ,cons4 ,evang4 ii71 ,joseph is call$ ! fa!r ( ,*ri/ j z he is call$ ! husb& ( ,m>y1 )\t fle%ly m+l+1 by ! m]e bond ( m>riage3 be+ !reby unit$ to ,him mu* m closely ?an if he 7 adopt$ f ano!r family4 ,consequ5tly t ,*ri/ 0 n begott5 ( ,joseph by fle%ly union is no reason :y ,joseph %\ld n be call$ ,8 fa!r2 s9ce he w\ld be ! fa!r ev5 ( an adopt$ son n born ( 8 wife4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #a3ah3 ,?\gh ,joseph 0 n ! fa!r ( our ,"l & ,savi\r1 ! ord] ( ,8 g5ealogy is trac$ d[n to ,joseph--fir/1 because ! ,scriptures are n wont to trace ! female l9e 9 g5ealogies3 secondly1 ,m>y & ,joseph 7 ( ! same tribe2 :]e=e by law he 0 b\nd to take h] z be+ ( 8 k94 ,likewise1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,nup4 et ,concup4 i71 x 0 befitt+ to trace ! g5ealogy d[n to ,joseph1 le/ 9 t m>riage any slight %\ld be (f]$ to ! male sex1 :i* is inde$ ! /rong]3 = tru? suff]$ no?+ !reby1 s9ce bo? ,joseph & ,m>y 7 ( ! family ( ,david4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ! gloss says on ?is passage1 ! ^w muli] is "h us$ in/ead ( fem9a1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ,hebrew tongue3 :i* applies ! t]m signify+ woman to ^? ( ! female sex :o are virg9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,?is argum5t is true ( ^? ?+s :i* come into exi/5ce by ! way ( nature3 s9ce nature1 j z x is fix$ to "o p>ticul> effect1 s x is det]m9ate to "o mode ( produc+ t effect4 ,b z ! sup]natural p[] ( ,god ext5ds to ! inf9ite3 j z x is n det]m9ate to "o effect1 s nei!r is x det]m9ate to "o mode ( produc+ any effect :atev]4 ,consequ5tly1 j z x 0 possible = ! fir/ man to be produc$1 by ! ,div9e p[]1 f ! slime ( ! e>?1 s too 0 x possible = ,*ri/'s body to be made1 by ,div9e p[]1 f a virg9 )\t ! se$ ( ! male4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,g5]4 ,animal4 i1 ii1 iv71 9 conception ! se$ ( ! male is n by way ( matt]1 b by way ( ag5t3 & ! female alone supplies ! matt]4 ,:]e=e ?\gh ! se$ ( ! male 0 lack+ 9 ,*ri/'s conception1 x does n foll[ t due matt] 0 lack+4 ,b if ! se$ ( ! male 7 ! matt] ( ! fetus 9 animal conception1 x is nev]!less manife/ t x is n a matt] rema9+ "u "o =m1 b subject to trans=mation4 ,& ?\gh ! natural p[] _c transmute o!r ?an det]m9ate matt] to a det]m9ate =m2 nev]!less ! ,div9e p[]1 :i* is inf9ite1 c transmute all matt] to any =m :atsoev]4 ,consequ5tly1 j z x transmut$ ! slime ( ! e>? into ,adam's body1 s c\ld x transmute ! matt] suppli$ by ,8 ,"m into ,*ri/'s body1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 n ! suffici5t matt] = a natural conception4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bh1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,"m ,0 a ,virg9 9 ,8 ,bir?8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,"m 0 n a virg9 9 ,8 ,bir?4 ,= ,ambrose says on ,luke #b3bc3 ,he :o sanctifi$ a /range womb1 = ! bir? ( a prophet1 ,he x is :o op5$ ,8 ,"m's womb1 t ,he might g =? unspott$4 ,b op5+ ( ! womb excludes virg9ity4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,"m 0 n a virg9 9 ,8 ,bir?4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ %\ld h tak5 place 9 ! my/]y ( ,*ri/1 :i* w\ld make ,8 body to seem unreal4 ,n[ x seems to p]ta9 n to a true b to an unreal body1 to be able to g ?r\gh a clos$ passage2 s9ce two bodies _c be 9 "o place at ! same "t4 ,x 0 !re=e unfitt+ t ,*ri/'s body %\ld come =? f ,8 ,"m's clos$ womb3 & consequ5tly t %e %\ld rema9 a virg9 9 giv+ bir? to ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,gregory says 9 ! ,homily = ! octave ( ,ea/] 99xxvi 9 ,evang41 t by ent]+ aft] ,8 ,resurrection :]e ! disciples 7 ga!r$1 ! doors be+ %ut1 our ,"l %[$ t ,8 body 0 ! same 9 nature b diff]$ 9 glory3 s t x seems t to g ?r\gh a clos$ passage p]ta9s to a glorifi$ body4 ,b ,*ri/'s body 0 n glorifi$ 9 its conception1 b 0 passible1 hav+ ! lik5ess ( s9ful fle%1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #h3c74 ,!re=e ,he did n come =? ?r\gh ! clos$ womb ( ! ,virg94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,9 a s]mon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7,p4 ,,iii1 ,cap4 ix7 x is said3 ,aft] giv+ bir?1 nature kn[s n a virg93 b grace enhances h] fruitfulness1 & effects h] mo!rhood1 :ile 9 no way does x injure h] virg9ity4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,"m 0 a virg9 also 9 giv+ bir? to ,him4 ,i answ] t1 ,)\t any d\bt :atev] we mu/ ass]t t ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ 0 a virg9 ev5 9 ,8 ,bir?3 = ! prophet says n only3 ,behold a virg9 %all conceive1 b adds3 & %all be> a son4 ,?is inde$ 0 befitt+ = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 because ?is 0 9 keep+ ) a prop]ty ( ,him ^: ,bir? is 9 "q1 = ,he is ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,= ! ^w is n only conceiv$ 9 ! m9d )\t corruption1 b also proce$s f ! m9d )\t corruption4 ,:]e=e 9 ord] to %[ t body to be ! body ( ! v ,^w ( ,god1 x 0 fitt+ t x %\ld be born ( a virg9 incorrupt4 ,:5ce 9 ! s]mon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7quot$ above7 we read3 ,:osoev] br+s =? m]e fle%1 ceases to be a virg94 ,b s9ce %e gave bir? to ! ,^w made fle%1 ,god safegu>d$ h] virg9ity s z to manife/ ,8 ,^w1 by :i* ,^w ,he ?us manife/$ ,himself3 = nei!r does our ^w1 :5 br\ght =?1 corrupt ! m9d2 nor does ,god1 ! sub/antial ,^w1 deign+ to be born1 de/roy virg9ity4 ,secondly1 ?is is fitt+ z reg>ds ! effect ( ,*ri/'s ,inc>nation3 s9ce ,he came = ?is purpose1 t ,he might take away our corruption4 ,:]e=e x is unfitt+ t 9 ,8 ,bir? ,he %\ld corrupt ,8 ,"m's virg9ity4 ,?us ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,nativity ( ,our ,"l3 ,x 0 n "r t ,he :o came to heal corruption1 %\ld by ,8 adv5t violate integrity4 ,?irdly1 x 0 fitt+ t ,he ,:o comm&$ u to honor our fa!r & "m %\ld n 9 ,8 ,bir? less5 ! honor due to ,8 ,"m4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,ambrose says ?is 9 exp\nd+ ! evangeli/'s quotation f ! ,law3 ,e male op5+ ! womb %all be call$ holy to ! ,"l4 ,?is1 says ,b$e1 is said 9 reg>d to ! wont$ mann] ( bir?2 n t we are to believe t our ,"l 9 com+ =? violat$ ! abode ( h] sacr$ womb1 :i* ,8 entrance !re9 _h hall[$4 ,:]e=e ! op5+ "h spok5 ( does n imply ! unlock+ ( ! enclosure ( virg9al purity2 b ! m]e com+ =? ( ! infant f ! mat]nal womb4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ wi%$ s to %[ ! reality ( ,8 body1 z to manife/ ,8 ,godhead at ! same "t4 ,= ?is reason ,he m+l$ wondr\s ) l[ly ?+s4 ,:]e=e1 to %[ t ,8 body 0 real1 ,he 0 born ( a woman4 ,b 9 ord] to manife/ ,8 ,godhead1 ,he 0 born ( a virg91 = su* a ,bir? befits a ,god1 z ,ambrose says 9 ! ,*ri/mas hymn4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,"s h held t ,*ri/1 9 ,8 ,bir?1 assum$ ! gift ( subtlety1 :5 ,he came =? f ! clos$ womb ( a virg92 & t ,he assum$ ! gift ( agility :5 ) dry feet ,he walk$ on ! sea4 ,b ?is is n consi/5t ) :at has be5 decid$ above 7,q4 #ad74 ,= ^! gifts ( a glorifi$ body result f an ov]fl[ ( ! s\l's glory on to ! body1 z we %all expla9 fur!r on1 9 treat+ ( glorifi$ bodies 7,suppl41 ,q4 #hb73 & x has be5 said above 7,q4 #ac1 ,a4 #c1 ad #a2 ,q4 #af1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b7 t be=e ,8 ,passion ,*ri/ all[$ ,8 fle% to d & to suff] :at 0 prop] to x 7,damasc5e1 ,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 nor 0 !re su* an ov]fl[ ( glory f ,8 s\l on to ,8 body4 ,we mu/ !re=e say t all ^! ?+s took place miracul\sly by ,div9e p[]4 ,:5ce ,augu/9e says 7,sup4 ,joan4 ,tract4 #aba73 ,to ! sub/ance ( a body 9 :i* 0 ! ,godhead clos$ doors 7 no ob/acle4 ,= truly ,he _h p[] to ent] 9 by doors n op51 9 ,^: ,bir? ,8 ,"m's virg9ity rema9$ inviolate4 ,& ,dionysius says 9 an epi/le 7,ad ,caium iv7 t ,*ri/ excell$ man 9 do+ t :i* is prop] to man3 ?is is %[n 9 ,8 sup]natural conception1 ( a virg91 & 9 ! un/able wat]s be>+ ! weight ( e>?ly feet4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bh1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,"m ,rema9$ a ,virg9 ,aft] ,8 ,bir?8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,"m did n rema9 a virg9 aft] ,8 ,bir?4 ,= x is writt5 7,matt4 #a3ah73 ,be=e ,joseph & ,m>y came toge!r1 %e 0 f\nd ) *ild ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,n[ ! ,evangeli/ w\ld n h said ?is--be=e !y came toge!r--unless he 7 c]ta9 ( _! subsequ5t com+ toge!r2 = no "o says ( "o :o does n ev5tually d9e be=e he d9es 7cf4 ,j]ome1 ,contra ,helvid474 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 subsequ5tly _h int]c\rse ) ,joseph2 & consequ5tly t %e did n rema9 a virg9 aft] 7,*ri/'s7 ,bir?4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! same passage 7,matt4 #a3bj7 are relat$ ! words ( ! angel to ,joseph3 ,fe> n to take unto !e ,m>y ?y wife4 ,b m>riage is consummat$ by c>nal int]c\rse4 ,!re=e x seems t ?is mu/ h at "s "t tak5 place betwe5 ,m>y & ,joseph3 & t1 consequ5tly %e did n rema9 a virg9 aft] 7,*ri/'s7 ,bir?4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 aga9 9 ! same passage a little fur!r on 7,matt4 #a3bd1 #be7 we read3 ,& 7,joseph7 took unto him 8 wife2 & he knew h] n till %e br\ght =? h] fir/-born ,son4 ,n[ ?is conjunction till is wont to designate a fix$ "t1 on ! completion ( :i* t takes place :i* previ\sly _h n tak5 place4 ,& ! v]b knew ref]s "h to k by int]c\rse 7cf4 ,j]ome1 ,contra ,helvid472 j z 7,g54 #d3a7 x is said t ,adam knew 8 wife4 ,!re=e x seems t aft] 7,*ri/'s7 ,bir?1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 kn[n by ,joseph2 &1 consequ5tly1 t %e did n rema9 a virg9 aft] ! ,bir? 7( ,*ri/74 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 fir/-born c only be said ( "o :o has bro!rs aft]w>ds3 :]e=e 7,rom4 #h3bi73 ,:om ,he =eknew1 ,he also pr$e/9at$ to be made con=mable to ! image ( ,8 ,son2 t ,he might be ! fir/-born among _m bre?r54 ,b ! evangeli/ calls ,*ri/ ! fir/-born by ,8 ,"m4 ,!re=e %e _h o!r *ildr5 aft] ,*ri/4 ,& !re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s ,"m did n rema9 a virg9 aft] ,8 ,bir?4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,john #b3ab73 ,aft] ?is ,he w5t d[n to ,caph>naum1 ,he--t is1 ,*ri/--& ,8 ,"m & ,8 bre?r54 ,b bre?r5 are ^? :o are begott5 ( ! same p>5t4 ,!re=e x seems t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 _h o!r sons aft] ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,matt4 #bg3ee1 #ef73 ,!re 7 !re--t is1 by ! cross ( ,*ri/--_m wom5 af> (f1 :o _h foll[$ ,jesus f ,galilee1 m9i/]+ unto ,him2 among :om 0 ,m>y ,magdal51 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james & ,joseph1 & ! "m ( ! sons ( ,zeb$ee4 ,n[ ?is ,m>y :o is call$ ! "m ( ,james & ,joseph seems to h be5 also ! ,"m ( ,*ri/2 = x is writt5 7,john #ai3be7 t !re /ood by ! cross ( ,jesus1 ,m>y ,8 ,"m4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s ,"m did n rema9 a virg9 aft] ,8 ,bir?4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eze*4 #dd3b73 ,?is gate %all be %ut1 x %all n be op5$1 & no man %all pass ?r\gh x2 because ! ,"l ! ,god ( ,israel ha? ent]$ 9 by x4 ,exp\nd+ ^! words1 ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon 7,de ,annunt4 ,dom4 iii73 ,:at means ?is clos$ gate 9 ! ,h\se ( ! ,"l1 except t ,m>y is to be ev] inviolate8 ,:at does x mean t 'no man %all pass ?r\gh x1' save t ,joseph %all n "k h]8 ,& :at is ?is--',! ,"l alone ent]s 9 & goe? out by x'--except t ! ,holy ,gho/ %all impregnate h]1 & t ! ,"l ( angels %all be born ( h]8 ,& :at means ?is--'x %all be %ut = ev]more'--b t ,m>y is a virg9 be=e ,8 ,bir?1 a virg9 9 ,8 ,bir?1 & a virg9 aft] ,8 ,bir?8 ,i answ] t1 ,)\t any hesitation we mu/ abhor ! error ( ,helvidius1 :o d>$ to ass]t t ,*ri/'s ,"m1 aft] ,8 ,bir?1 0 c>nally kn[n by ,joseph1 & bore o!r *ildr54 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ?is is d]ogatory to ,*ri/'s p]fection3 = z ,he is 9 ,8 ,godhead ! ,only-,begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 be+ ?us ,8 ,son 9 e respect p]fect1 s x 0 becom+ t ,he %\ld be ! ,only-begott5 son ( ,8 ,"m1 z be+ h] p]fect (fspr+4 ,secondly1 ?is error is an insult to ! ,holy ,gho/1 ^: %r9e 0 ! virg9al womb 99,sacr>ium ,spiritus ,sancti 7,(fice ( ,b4 ,m4 ,v41 ,ant4 ad ,b5$ictus1 ,t4 ,p471 :]e9 ,he _h =m$ ! fle% ( ,*ri/3 :]e=e x 0 unbecom+ t x %\ld be desecrat$ by int]c\rse ) man4 ,?irdly1 ?is is d]ogatory to ! dignity & hol9ess ( ,god's ,"m3 = ?us %e w\ld seem to be mo/ ungrateful1 7 %e n cont5t ) su* a ,son2 & 7 %e1 ( h] own accord1 by c>nal int]c\rse to =feit t virg9ity :i* _h be5 miracul\sly pres]v$ 9 h]4 ,f\r?ly1 x w\ld be tantam\nt to an imputation ( extreme presumption 9 ,joseph1 to assume t he attempt$ to violate h] :om by ! angel's revelation he knew to h conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,we mu/ !re=e simply ass]t t ! ,"m ( ,god1 z %e 0 a virg9 9 conceiv+ ,him & a virg9 9 giv+ ,him bir?1 did %e rema9 a virg9 ev] aft]w>ds4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,j]ome says 7,contra ,helvid4 i73 ,al?\gh ?is p>ticle 'be=e' (t5 indicates a subsequ5t ev5t1 yet we mu/ obs]ve t x n infrequ5tly po9ts m]ely to "s ?+ previ\sly 9 ! m9d3 nor is !re ne$ t :at 0 9 ! m9d take place ev5tually1 s9ce some?+ may occur to prev5t its happ5+4 ,?us if a man say3 ',be=e ,i d9$ 9 ! port1 ,i set sail1' we d n und]/& him to h d9$ 9 port aft] he set sail3 b t 8 m9d 0 set on d9+ 9 port4 ,9 l mann] ! evangeli/ says3 ,be=e !y came toge!r ,m>y 0 f\nd ) *ild1 ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 n t !y came toge!r aft]w>ds3 b t1 :5 x seem$ t !y w\ld come toge!r1 ?is 0 =e/all$ ?r\gh h] conceiv+ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! result be+ t aft]w>ds !y did n come toge!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,nup4 et ,concup4 i73 ,! ,"m ( ,god is call$ 7,joseph's7 wife f ! fir/ promise ( h] esp\sals1 :om he _h n kn[n nor ev] 0 to "k by c>nal int]c\rse4 ,=1 z ,ambrose says on ,luke #a3bg3 ,! fact ( h] m>riage is decl>$1 n to ins9uate ! loss ( virg9ity1 b to witness to ! reality ( ! union4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,"s h said t ?is is n to be und]/ood ( c>nal k1 b ( acqua9tance4 ,?us ,*ryso/om says 99,opus ,imp]f4 9 ,mat?41 ,hom4 #a3 among ! spuri\s works ascrib$ to ,*ryso/om t ,joseph did n "k h]1 until %e gave bir?1 be+ unaw>e ( h] dignity3 b aft] %e _h giv5 bir?1 !n did he "k h]4 ,because by reason ( h] *ild %e surpass$ ! :ole _w 9 beauty & dignity3 s9ce %e alone 9 ! n>r[ abode ( h] womb receiv$ ,him ,:om ! _w _c conta94 ,o!rs aga9 ref] ?is to k by sight4 ,= z1 :ile ,moses 0 speak+ ) ,god1 8 face 0 s bright t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel c\ld n /eadfa/ly behold x2 s ,m>y1 :ile be+ ov]%ad[$ by ! brightness ( ! p[] ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 c\ld n be gaz$ on by ,joseph1 until %e gave bir?4 ,b aft]w>ds %e is ackn[l$g$ by ,joseph1 by look+ on h] face1 n by lu/ful contact4 ,j]ome1 h[ev]1 grants t ?is is to be und]/ood ( k by int]c\rse2 b he obs]ves t be=e or until has a tw(old s5se 9 ,scripture4 ,= sometimes x indicates a fix$ "t1 z ,gal4 #c3ai3 ,! law 0 set because ( transgressions1 until ! se$ %\ld come1 to :om ,he made ! promise4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x sometimes indicates an indef9ite "t1 z 9 ,ps4 #abb3b3 ,our eyes are unto ! ,"l our ,god1 until ,he h m]cy on u2 f :i* x is n to be ga!r$ t our eyes are turn$ f ,god z soon z ,8 m]cy has be5 obta9$4 ,9 ?is s5se ^? ?+s are indicat$ ( :i* we might d\bt if !y _h n be5 writt5 d[n3 :ile o!rs are left out to be suppli$ by our und]/&+4 ,?us ! evangeli/ says t ! ,"m ( ,god 0 n kn[n by h] husb& until %e gave bir?1 t we may be giv5 to und]/& t /ill less did he "k h] aft]w>ds 7,adv]sus ,helvid4 v74 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! ,scriptures are wont to designate z ! fir/-born1 n only a *ild :o is foll[$ by o!rs1 b also ! "o t is born fir/4 ,o!rwise1 if a *ild 7 n fir/-born unless foll[$ by o!rs1 ! fir/-fruits w\ld n be due z long z !re 0 no fur!r produce 99,j]ome1 ,adv]sus ,helvid4 x3 :i* is cle>ly false1 s9ce accord+ to ! law ! fir/-fruits _h to be r$eem$ )9 a mon? 7,num4 #ah3af74 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,"s1 z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #ab3di1 #ej1 suppose t ! bre?r5 ( ! ,"l 7 ,joseph's sons by ano!r wife4 ,b we und]/& ! bre?r5 ( ! ,"l to be n sons ( ,joseph1 b c\s9s ( ! ,savi\r1 ! sons ( ,m>y1 ,8 ,"m's si/]4 ,= ,scripture speaks ( bre?r5 9 f\r s5ses2 namely1 ^? :o are unit$ by be+ ( ! same p>5ts1 ( ! same nation1 ( ! same family1 by common affection4 ,:]e=e ! bre?r5 ( ! ,"l are s call$1 n by bir?1 z be+ born ( ! same "m2 b by relation%ip1 z be+ blood-relations ( ,84 ,b ,joseph1 z ,j]ome says 7,contra ,helvid4 ix71 is r to be believ$ to h rema9$ a virg91 s9ce he is n said to h _h ano!r wife1 & a holy man does n live o!rwise ?an *a/ely4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,m>y :o is call$ ! "m ( ,james & ,joseph is n to be tak5 = ! ,"m ( our ,"l1 :o is n wont to be nam$ 9 ! ,gospels save "u ?is designation ( h] dignity--! ,"m ( ,jesus4 ,?is ,m>y is to be tak5 = ! wife ( ,alphaeus1 ^: son 0 ,james ! less1 kn[n z ! bro!r ( ! ,"l 7,gal4 #a3ai74 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bh1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,"m ( ,god ,took a ,v[ ( ,virg9ity8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,"m ( ,god did n take a v[ ( virg9ity4 ,= x is writt5 7,deut4 #g3ad73 ,no "o %all be b>r5 among y ( ei!r sex4 ,b /]ility is a consequ5ce ( virg9ity4 ,!re=e ! keep+ ( virg9ity 0 contr>y to ! comm&m5t ( ! ,old ,law4 ,b be=e ,*ri/ 0 born ! old law 0 /ill 9 =ce4 ,!re=e at t "t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 c\ld n lawfully take a v[ ( virg9ity4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #g3be73 ,conc]n+ virg9s ,i h no comm&m5t ( ! ,"l2 b ,i give c\nsel4 ,b ! p]fection ( ! c\nsels 0 to take its beg9n+ f ,*ri/1 :o is ! end ( ! ,law1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #aj3d74 ,x 0 n !re=e becom+ t ! ,virg9 %\ld take a v[ ( virg9ity4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! gloss ( ,j]ome says on #a ,tim4 #e3ab1 t = ^? :o are v[$ to virg9ity1 x is repreh5sible n only to m>ry1 b also to desire to be m>ri$4 ,b ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ committ$ no s9 = :i* %e c\ld be repreh5d$1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #bg1 ,a4 #d74 ,s9ce !re=e %e 0 esp\s$1 z relat$ by ,luke #a3bg x seems t %e did n take a v[ ( virg9ity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,sanct4 ,virg4 iv73 ,m>y answ]$ ! ann\nc+ angel3 ',h[ %all ?is be done1 because ,i "k n man8' ,%e w\ld n h said ?is unless %e _h already v[$ h] virg9ity to ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,z we h /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #hh1 ,a4 #f71 works ( p]fection are m praisewor?y :5 p]=m$ 9 fulfilm5t ( a v[4 ,n[ x is cle> t = reasons already giv5 7,,aa4 #a1 #b1 #c7 virg9ity _h a special place 9 ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,x 0 !re=e fitt+ t h] virg9ity %\ld be consecrat$ to ,god by v[4 ,nev]!less because1 :ile ! ,law 0 9 =ce bo? m5 & wom5 7 b\nd to att5d to ! duty ( begett+1 s9ce ! wor%ip ( ,god 0 spread accord+ to c>nal orig91 until ,*ri/ 0 born ( t p2 ! ,"m ( ,god is n believ$ to h tak5 an absolute v[ ( virg9ity1 be=e be+ esp\s$ to ,joseph1 al?\gh %e desir$ to d s1 yet yield+ h] own w to ,god's judgm5t4 ,aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 hav+ tak5 a husb&1 accord+ z ! cu/om ( ! "t requir$1 toge!r ) him %e took a v[ ( virg9ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,because x seem$ to be =bidd5 by ! law n to take ! necess>y /eps = leav+ a po/]ity on e>?1 !re=e ! ,"m ( ,god did n v[ virg9ity absolutely1 b "u ! condition t x 7 pleas+ to ,god4 ,:51 h[ev]1 %e knew t x 0 acceptable to ,god1 %e made ! v[ absolute1 be=e ! angel's ,annunciation4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z ! fulness ( grace 0 9 ,*ri/ p]fectly1 yet "s beg9n+ ( ! fulness prec$$ 9 ,8 ,"m2 s also ! obs]vance ( ! c\nsels1 :i* is an effect ( ,god's grace1 began its p]fection 9 ,*ri/1 b 0 begun aft] a fa%ion 9 ,8 ,virg9 ,"m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^! words ( ! ,apo/le are to be und]/ood ( ^? :o v[ *a/ity absolutely4 ,*ri/'s ,"m did n d ?is until %e 0 esp\s$ to ,joseph4 ,aft] h] esp\sals1 h[ev]1 by _! common cons5t %e took a v[ ( virg9ity toge!r ) h] sp\se4 ,,"q #bi ,,( ,,! ,,esp\sals ,,( ,,! ,,"m ,,( ,,god 7,9 ,two ,articles7 ,we n[ consid] ! esp\sals ( ,god's ,"m3 conc]n+ :i* two po9ts arise = inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ %\ld h be5 born ( an esp\s$ virg98 7#b7 ,:e!r !re 0 true m>riage betwe5 our ,"l's ,"m & ,joseph8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bi1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,born ( an ,esp\s$ ,virg98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 born ( an esp\s$ virg94 ,= esp\sals are ord]$ to c>nal int]c\rse4 ,b our ,"l's ,"m nev] wi%$ to h c>nal int]c\rse ) h] husb&2 because ?is w\ld be d]ogatory to ! virg9ity ( h] m9d4 ,!re=e %e %\ld n h be5 esp\s$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 t ,*ri/ 0 born ( a virg9 0 miracul\s1 :5ce ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volus4 cxxxvii73 ,?is same p[] ( ,god br\ght =? ! infant's limbs out ( ! virg9al womb ( ,8 inviolate ,"m1 by :i* 9 ! vigor ( manhood ,he pass$ ?r\gh ! clos$ doors4 ,if we are told :y ?is happ5$1 x w cease to be wond]ful2 if ano!r in/ance be alleg$1 x w no long] be unique4 ,b miracles t are wr\ght 9 confirmation ( ! ,fai? %\ld be manife/4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 by h] ,esp\sals ?is miracle w\ld be less evid5t1 x seems t x 0 unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be born ( an esp\s$ virg94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! m>tyr ,ignatius1 z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #a3ah1 gives z a reason ( ! esp\sals ( ! ,"m ( ,god1 t ! mann] ( ,8 ,bir? might be hidd5 f ! devil1 :o w\ld ?9k ,him to be begott5 n ( a virg9 b ( a wife4 ,b ?is seems to be no reason at all4 ,fir/1 because by 8 natural cunn+ he kn[s :atev] takes place 9 bodies4 ,secondly1 because lat] on ! demons1 ?r\gh _m evid5t signs1 knew ,*ri/ aft] a fa%ion3 :5ce x is writt5 7,mk4 #a3bc1 #bd73 ,a man ) an unclean _s 4 4 4 cri$ out1 say+3 ,:at h we to d ) ,!e1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 ,art ,?\ come to de/roy u8 ,i "k 4 4 4 ,?\ art ! ,holy "o ( ,god4 ,!re=e x does n seem fitt+ t ! ,"m ( ,god %\ld h be5 esp\s$4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,j]ome gives z ano!r reason1 le/ ! ,"m ( ,god %\ld be /on$ by ! ,jews z an adult]ess4 ,b ?is reason seems to h no weight1 = if %e 7 n esp\s$1 %e c\ld n be condemn$ = adult]y4 ,!re=e x does n seem reasonable t ,*ri/ %\ld be born ( an esp\s$ virg94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #a3ah73 ,:5 z ,8 ,"m ,m>y 0 esp\s$ to ,joseph3 & 7,luke #a3bf1 #bg73 ,! angel ,gabriel 0 s5t 4 4 4 to a virg9 esp\s$ to a man ^: "n 0 ,joseph4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be born ( an esp\s$ virg92 fir/1 = ,8 own sake2 secondly1 = ,8 ,"m's sake2 ?irdly1 = our sake4 ,= ! sake ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 = f\r reasons4 ,fir/1 le/ ,he %\ld be reject$ by unbeliev]s z illegitimate3 :]e=e ,ambrose says on ,luke #a3bf1 #bg3 ,h[ c\ld we blame ,h]od or ! ,jews if !y seem to p]secute "o :o 0 born ( adult]y8 ,secondly1 9 ord] t 9 ! cu/om>y way ,8 g5ealogy might be trac$ ?r\gh ! male l9e4 ,?us ,ambrose says on ,luke #c3bc3 ,he ,:o came into ! _w1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! _w _h to be enroll$4 ,n[ = ?is purpose1 x is ! m5 t are requir$1 because !y repres5t ! family 9 ! s5ate & o!r c\rts4 ,! cu/om ( ! ,scriptures1 too1 %[s t ! ance/ry ( ! m5 is always trac$ out4 ,?irdly1 = ! safety ( ! new-born ,*ild3 le/ ! devil %\ld plot s]i\s hurt aga9/ ,him4 ,h5ce ,ignatius says t %e 0 esp\s$ t ! mann] ( ,8 ,bir? might be hidd5 f ! devil4 ,f\r?ly1 t ,he might be fo/]$ by ,joseph3 :o is !re=e call$ ,8 fa!r1 z bread-w9n]4 ,x 0 also fitt+ = ! sake ( ! ,virg94 ,fir/1 because ?us %e 0 r5d]$ exempt f puni%m5t2 t is1 le/ %e %\ld be /on$ by ! ,jews z an adult]ess1 z ,j]ome says4 ,secondly1 t ?us %e might be safegu>d$ f ill fame4 ,:5ce ,ambrose says on ,luke #a3bf1 #bg3 ,%e 0 esp\s$ le/ %e be w\nd$ by ! ill-fame ( violat$ virg9ity1 9 :om ! pregnant womb w\ld betok5 corruption4 ,?irdly1 t1 z ,j]ome says1 ,joseph might adm9i/] to h] wants4 ,?is 0 fitt+1 aga91 = our sake4 ,fir/1 because ,joseph is ?us a witness to ,*ri/'s be+ born ( a virg94 ,:]e=e ,ambrose says3 ,h] husb& is ! m tru/wor?y witness ( h] purity1 9 t he w\ld deplore ! di%onor1 & av5ge ! disgrace1 7 x n t he ackn[l$g$ ! my/]y4 ,secondly1 because !reby ! v words ( ! ,virg9 are r5d]$ m cr$ible by :i* %e ass]t$ h] virg9ity4 ,?us ,ambrose says3 ,belief 9 ,m>y's words is /r5g!n$1 ! motive = a lie is remov$4 ,if %e _h n be5 esp\s$ :5 pregnant1 %e w\ld seem to h wi%$ to hide h] s9 by a lie3 be+ esp\s$1 %e _h no motive = ly+1 s9ce a woman's pregnancy is ! rew>d ( m>riage & gives grace to ! nuptial bond4 ,^! two reasons add /r5g? to our fai?4 ,?irdly1 t all excuse be remov$ f ^? virg9s :o1 ?r\gh want ( caution1 fall into di%onor4 ,h5ce ,ambrose says3 ,x 0 n becom+ t virg9s %\ld expose !mselves to evil report1 & cov] !mselves ) ! excuse t ! ,"m ( ! ,"l _h also be5 oppress$ by ill-fame4 ,f\r?ly1 because by ?is ! univ]sal ,*ur* is typifi$1 :i* is a virg9 & yet is esp\s$ to "o ,man1 ,*ri/1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,sanct4 ,virg4 xii74 ,a fif? reason may be add$3 s9ce ! ,"m ( ! ,"l be+ bo? esp\s$ & a virg91 bo? virg9ity & w$lock are honor$ 9 h] p]son1 9 contradiction to ^? h]etics :o disp>ag$ "o or ! o!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,we mu/ believe t ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,"m ( ,god1 desir$1 f an intimate inspiration ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 to be esp\s$1 be+ confid5t t by ! help ( ,god %e w\ld nev] come to h c>nal int]c\rse3 yet %e left ?is to ,god's discretion4 ,:]e=e %e suff]$ no?+ 9 detrim5t to h] virg9ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,ambrose says on ,luke #a3bf3 ,our ,"l pref]r$ t m5 %\ld d\bt ( ,8 orig9 r ?an ( ,8 ,"m's purity4 ,= he knew ! delicacy ( virg9 mode/y1 & h[ easily ! fair "n ( *a/ity is disp>ag$3 nor did ,he *oose t our fai? 9 ,8 ,bir? %\ld be /r5g!n$ 9 detrim5t to ,8 ,"m4 ,we mu/ obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t "s miracles wr\ght by ,god are ! direct object ( fai?2 su* are ! miracles ( ! virg9al ,bir?1 ! ,resurrection ( our ,"l1 & ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,alt>4 ,:]e=e our ,"l wi%$ ^! to be m hidd51 t belief 9 !m might h great] m]it4 ,:]eas o!r miracles are = ! /r5g!n+ ( fai?3 & ^! x behooves to be manife/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iii71 ! devil c d _m ?+s by 8 natural p[] :i* he is h9d]$ by ! ,div9e p[] f do+4 ,?us x may be t by 8 natural p[] ! devil c\ld "k t ! ,"m ( ,god knew n man1 b 0 a virg92 yet 0 prev5t$ by ,god f kn[+ ! mann] ( ! ,div9e ,bir?4 ,t aft]w>ds ! devil aft] a fa%ion knew t ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 makes no difficulty3 because !n ! "t _h already come = ,*ri/ to make kn[n ,8 p[] aga9/ ! devil1 & to suff] p]secution ar\s$ by him4 ,b dur+ ,8 infancy x behoov$ ! malice ( ! devil to be )held1 le/ he %\ld p]secute ,him too sev]ely3 = ,*ri/ did n wi% to suff] su* ?+s !n1 nor to make ,8 p[] kn[n1 b to %[ ,himself to be 9 all ?+s l o!r infants4 ,h5ce ,pope ,leo 7,s]m4 9 ,epiph4 iv7 says t ! ,magi f\nd ! ,*ild ,jesus small 9 body1 dep5d5t on o!rs1 unable to speak1 & 9 no way diff]+ f ! g5]ality ( human infants4 ,ambrose1 h[ev]1 exp\nd+ ,luke #a3bf1 seems to und]/& ?is ( ! devil's memb]s4 ,=1 aft] giv+ ! above reason--namely1 t ! pr9ce ( ! _w might be deceiv$--he cont9ues ?us3 ,yet /ill m did ,he deceive ! pr9ces ( ! _w1 s9ce ! evil disposition ( ! demons easily discov]s ev5 hidd5 ?+s3 b ^? :o sp5d _! lives 9 worldly vanities c h no acqua9tance ( ,div9e ?+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! s5t5ce ( adult]esses accord+ to ! ,law 0 t !y %\ld be /on$1 n only if !y 7 already esp\s$ or m>ri$1 b also if _! maid5hood 7 /ill "u ! protection ( ! pat]nal ro(1 until ! day :5 !y ent] ! m>ri$ /ate4 ,?us x is writt5 7,deut4 #bb3bj1 #ba73 ,if 4 4 4 virg9ity be n f\nd 9 ! damsel 4 4 4 ! m5 ( ! city %all /one h] to dea?1 & %e %all die2 because %e ha? done a wick$ ?+ 9 ,israel1 to play ! :ore 9 h] fa!r's h\se4 ,x may also be said1 accord+ to "s writ]s1 t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 ( ! family or k9dr$ ( ,a>on1 s t %e 0 relat$ to ,elizabe?1 z we are told 7,luke #a3cf74 ,n[ a virg9 ( ! prie/ly tribe 0 condemn$ to dea? = :or$om2 = we read 7,lev4 #ba3i73 ,if ! daught] ( a prie/ be tak5 9 :or$om1 & di%onor ! "n ( h] fa!r1 %e %all be burnt ) fire4 ,la/ly1 "s und]/& ! passage ( ,j]ome to ref] to ! ?r[+ ( /ones by ill-fame4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #bi1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r !re 0 a true m>riage betwe5 ,m>y & ,joseph8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 no true m>riage betwe5 ,m>y & ,joseph4 ,= ,j]ome says aga9/ ,helvidius t ,joseph 0 ,m>y's gu>dian r ?an h] husb&4 ,b if ?is 0 a true m>riage1 ,joseph 0 truly h] husb&4 ,!re=e !re 0 no true m>riage betwe5 ,m>y & ,joseph4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 on ,matt4 #a3af3 ,jacob begot ,joseph ! husb& ( ,m>y1 ,j]ome says3 ,:5 ?\ reade/ 'husb&' suspect n a m>riage2 b rememb] t ,scripture is wont to speak ( ^? :o are betro!d z husb& & wife4 ,b a true m>riage is n effect$ by ! betro?al1 b by ! w$d+4 ,!re=e1 !re 0 no true m>riage betwe5 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ,joseph4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,matt4 #a3ai73 ,joseph1 h] husb&1 be+ a j man1 & n will+ to take h] away 99,d\ay3 'publicly to expose h]'1 i4e4 to take h] to 8 home 9 ord] to cohabit ) h]1 0 m9d$ to put h] away privately1 i4e4 to po/pone ! w$d+1 z ,remigius 99,cf4 ,cat5a ,aurea 9 ,mat?4 exp\nds4 ,!re=e1 x seems t1 z ! w$d+ 0 n yet solemniz$1 !re 0 no true m>riage3 especially s9ce1 aft] ! m>riage contract1 no "o c lawfully put 8 wife away4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 ii73 ,x _c be all[$ t ! evangeli/ ?\ght t ,joseph ought to sev] 8 union ) ,m>y 7s9ce he said t ,joseph 0 ,m>y's husb&7 on ! gr\nd t 9 giv+ bir? to ,*ri/1 %e _h n conceiv$ ( him1 b rema9$ a virg94 ,= by ?is example ! fai?ful are taught t if aft] m>riage !y rema9 cont95t by mutual cons5t1 _! union is /ill & is rightly call$ m>riage1 ev5 )\t int]c\rse ( ! sexes4 ,i answ] t1 ,m>riage or w$lock is said to be true by reason ( its atta9+ its p]fection4 ,n[ p]fection ( any?+ is tw(old2 fir/1 & second4 ,! fir/ p]fection ( a ?+ consi/s 9 its v =m1 f :i* x receives its species2 :ile ! second p]fection ( a ?+ consi/s 9 its op]ation1 by :i* 9 "s way a ?+ atta9s its end4 ,n[ ! =m ( matrimony consi/s 9 a c]ta9 insep>able union ( s\ls1 by :i* husb& & wife are pl$g$ by a bond ( mutual affection t _c be sund]$4 ,& ! end ( matrimony is ! begett+ & upbr++ ( *ildr53 ! fir/ ( :i* is atta9$ by conjugal int]c\rse2 ! second by ! o!r duties ( husb& & wife1 by :i* !y help "o ano!r 9 re>+ _! (fspr+4 ,?us we may say1 z to ! fir/ p]fection1 t ! m>riage ( ! ,virg9 ,"m ( ,god & ,joseph 0 absolutely true3 because bo? cons5t$ to ! nuptial bond1 b n expressly to ! bond ( ! fle%1 save on ! condition t x 0 pleas+ to ,god4 ,= ?is reason ! angel calls ,m>y ! wife ( ,joseph1 say+ to him 7,matt4 #a3bj73 ,fe> n to take unto !e ,m>y ?y wife3 on :i* words ,augu/9e says 7,de ,nup4 et ,concup4 i73 ,%e is call$ 8 wife f ! fir/ promise ( h] esp\sals1 :om he _h n kn[n nor ev] 0 to "k by c>nal int]c\rse4 ,b z to ! second p]fection :i* is atta9$ by ! m>riage act1 if ?is be ref]r$ to c>nal int]c\rse1 by :i* *ildr5 are begott52 ?us ?is m>riage 0 n consummat$4 ,:]e=e ,ambrose says on ,luke #a3bf1 #bg3 ,be n surpris$ t ,scripture calls ,m>y a wife4 ,! fact ( h] m>riage is decl>$1 n to ins9uate ! loss ( virg9ity1 b to witness to ! reality ( ! union4 ,nev]!less1 ?is m>riage _h ! second p]fection1 z to upbr++ ( ! *ild4 ,?us ,augu/9e says 7,de ,nup4 et ,concup4 i73 ,all ! nuptial bless+s are fulfill$ 9 ! m>riage ( ,*ri/'s p>5ts1 (fspr+1 fai? & sacram5t4 ,! (fspr+ we "k to h be5 ! ,"l ,jesus2 fai?1 = !re 0 no adult]y3 sacram5t1 s9ce !re 0 no divorce4 ,c>nal int]c\rse alone !re 0 none4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,j]ome uses ! t]m husb& 9 ref]5ce to m>riage consummat$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by m>riage ,j]ome means ! nuptial int]c\rse4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 i sup] ,mat?4 99,opus ,imp]fectum1 among ! supposititi\s works ascrib$ to ,/4 ,*ryso/om7 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 s esp\s$ to ,joseph t %e dwelt 9 8 home3 = j z %e :o conceives 9 h] husb&'s h\se is und]/ood to h conceiv$ ( him1 s %e :o conceives else:]e is suspect4 ,consequ5tly suffici5t precaution w\ld n h be5 tak5 to safegu>d ! fair fame ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 if %e _h n ! entry ( h] husb&'s h\se4 ,:]e=e ! words1 n will+ to take h] away are bett] r5d]$ z mean+1 n will+ publicly to expose h]1 ?an und]/ood ( tak+ h] to 8 h\se4 ,h5ce ! evangeli/ adds t he 0 m9d$ to put h] away privately4 ,b al?\gh %e _h ! entry ( ,joseph's h\se by reason ( h] fir/ promise ( esp\sals1 yet ! "t _h n yet come = ! solemniz+ ( ! w$d+2 = :i* reason !y _h n yet consummat$ ! m>riage4 ,!re=e1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?473 ,! evangeli/ does n say1 'be=e %e 0 tak5 to ! h\se ( h] husb&1' because %e 0 already 9 ! h\se4 ,= x 0 ! cu/om among ! anci5ts = esp\s$ maid5s to ent] frequ5tly ! h\ses ( !m to :om !y 7 betro!d4 ,!re=e ! angel also said to ,joseph3 ,fe> n to take unto !e ,m>y ?y wife2 t is3 ,fe> n to solemnize y\r m>riage ) h]4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 say t %e 0 n yet admitt$ to 8 h\se1 b only betro!d to him4 ,b ! fir/ is m 9 keep+ ) ! ,gospel n>rative4 ,,"q #cj ,,( ,,! ,,annunciation ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg9 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we n[ h to consid] ! ,bless$ ,virg9's ,annunciation1 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 befitt+ t ann\ncem5t %\ld be made to h] ( t :i* 0 to be begott5 ( h]8 7#b7 ,by :om %\ld ?is ann\ncem5t be made8 7#c7 ,9 :at mann] %\ld ?is ann\ncem5t be made8 7#d7 ,( ! ord] obs]v$ 9 ! ,annunciation4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cj1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,necess>y to ,ann\nce to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,t ,:i* ,0 to ,be ,done 9 ,h]8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 unnecess>y to ann\nce to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 t :i* 0 to be done 9 h]4 ,= !re seems to h be5 no ne$ ( ! ,annunciation except = ! purpose ( receiv+ ! ,virg9's cons5t4 ,b h] cons5t seems to h be5 unnecess>y3 because ! ,virg9al ,conception 0 =etold by a prophecy ( pr$e/9ation1 :i* is fulfill$ )\t our cons5t1 z a gloss says on ,matt4 #a3bb4 ,!re 0 no ne$1 !re=e1 = ?is ,annunciation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 believ$ 9 ! ,inc>nation1 = to disbelieve !re9 excludes man f ! way ( salvation2 because1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #c3bb73 ,! ju/ice ( ,god 7is7 by fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b "o ne$s no fur!r in/ruction conc]n+ :at "o believes )\t d\bt4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 _h no ne$ = ! ,inc>nation ( h] ,son to be ann\nc$ to h]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z ! ,bless$ ,virg9 conceiv$ ,*ri/ 9 h] body1 s e pi\s s\l conceives ,him spiritually4 ,?us ! ,apo/le says 7,gal4 #d3ai73 ,my little *ildr51 ( :om ,i am 9 labor aga91 until ,*ri/ be =m$ 9 y4 ,b to ^? :o conceive ,him spiritually no ann\ncem5t is made ( ?is conception4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld x h be5 ann\nc$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 t %e 0 to conceive ! ,son ( ,god 9 h] womb4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is relat$ 7,luke #a3ca7 t ! angel said to h]3 ,behold1 ?\ %alt conceive 9 ?y womb1 & %alt br+ =? a son4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 reasonable t x %\ld be ann\nc$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 t %e 0 to conceive ,*ri/4 ,fir/1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 a becom+ ord] 9 ! union ( ! ,son ( ,god ) ! ,virg9--namely1 t %e %\ld be in=m$ 9 m9d conc]n+ ,him1 be=e conceiv+ ,him 9 ! fle%4 ,?us ,augu/9e says 7,de ,sancta ,virg94 iii73 ,m>y is m bless$ 9 receiv+ ! fai? ( ,*ri/1 ?an 9 conceiv+ ! fle% ( ,*ri/2 & fur!r on he adds3 ,h] ne>ness z a ,"m w\ld h be5 ( no pr(it to ,m>y1 _h %e n borne ,*ri/ 9 h] he>t aft] a m bless$ mann] ?an 9 h] fle%4 ,secondly1 t %e might be a m c]ta9 witness ( ?is my/]y1 be+ in/ruct$ !re9 by ,god4 ,?irdly1 t %e might (f] to ,god ! free gift ( h] ob$i5ce3 :i* %e prov$ h]self "r ready to d1 say+3 ,behold ! h&maid ( ! ,"l4 ,f\r?ly1 9 ord] to %[ t !re is a c]ta9 spiritual w$lock betwe5 ! ,son ( ,god & human nature4 ,:]e=e 9 ! ,annunciation ! ,virg9's cons5t 0 bes\ght 9 lieu ( t ( ! entire human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! prophecy ( pr$e/9ation is fulfill$ )\t ! causality ( our w2 n )\t its cons5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 did inde$ believe explicitly 9 ! future ,inc>nation2 b1 be+ humble1 %e did n ?9k su* high ?+s ( h]self4 ,consequ5tly %e requir$ in/ruction 9 ?is matt]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! spiritual conception ( ,*ri/ ?r\gh fai? is prec$$ by ! prea*+ ( ! fai?1 = z mu* z fai? is by he>+ 7,rom4 #aj3ag74 ,yet man does n "k = c]ta9 !reby t he has grace2 b he does "k t ! fai?1 :i* he has receiv$1 is true4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cj1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! annunciation %\ld h be5 made by an angel to ! ,bless$ ,virg98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,annunciation %\ld n h be5 made by an angel to our ,bless$ ,lady4 ,= revelations to ! highe/ angels are made imm$iately by ,god1 z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 vii74 ,b ! ,"m ( ,god is exalt$ above all ! angels4 ,!re=e x seems t ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation %\ld h be5 ann\nc$ to h] by ,god imm$iately1 & n by an angel4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 if 9 ?is matt] x behoov$ ! common ord] to be obs]v$1 by :i* ,div9e ?+s are ann\nc$ to m5 by angels2 9 l mann] ,div9e ?+s are ann\nc$ to a woman by a man3 :]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ad3cd1 #ce73 ,let wom5 keep sil5ce 9 ! *ur*es 4 4 4 b if !y w\ld le>n any?+1 let !m ask _! husb&s at home4 ,!re=e x seems t ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation %\ld h be5 ann\nc$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 by "s man3 especially see+ t ,joseph1 h] husb&1 0 in/ruct$ !reupon by an angel1 z is relat$ 7,matt4 #a3bj1 #ba7 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 none c becom+ly ann\nce :at he kn[s n4 ,b ! highe/ angels did n fully "k ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation3 :]e=e ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 vii7 t ! "q1 ,:o is ?is t come? f ,edom8 7,isa4 #fc3a7 is to be und]/ood z made by !m4 ,!re=e x seems t ! ann\ncem5t ( ! ,inc>nation c\ld n be made becom+ly by any angel4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 great] ?+s %\ld be ann\nc$ by mess5g]s ( great] dignity4 ,b ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation is ! greate/ ( all ?+s ann\nc$ by angels to m54 ,x seems1 !re=e1 if x behoov$ to be ann\nc$ by an angel at all1 t ?is %\ld h be5 done by an angel ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,b ,gabriel is n ( ! highe/ ord]1 b ( ! ord] ( ar*angels1 :i* is ! la/ b "o3 :]e=e ! ,*ur* s+s3 ,we "k t ! ar*angel ,gabriel br\ght !e a message f ,god 99,fea/ ( ,purification ,b4,v4,m4 ix ,resp4 ,brev4 ,o4,p44 ,!re=e ?is ann\ncem5t 0 n becom+ly made by ! ar*angel ,gabriel4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #a3bf73 ,! angel ,gabriel 0 s5t by ,god1 etc4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation to be ann\nc$ to ! ,"m ( ,god by an angel1 = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 t 9 ?is also might be ma9ta9$ ! ord] e/abli%$ by ,god1 by :i* ,div9e ?+s are br\ght to m5 by means ( ! angels4 ,:]e=e ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 iv7 t ! angels 7 ! fir/ to be taught ! ,div9e my/]y ( ! lov+ k9dness ( ,jesus3 aft]w>ds ! grace ( k 0 imp>t$ to u ?r\gh !m4 ,?us1 !n1 ! mo/ god-l ,gabriel made kn[n to ,za*>y t a prophet son w\ld be born to him2 &1 to ,m>y1 h[ ! ,div9e my/]y ( ! ineffable conception ( ,god w\ld be realiz$ 9 h]4 ,secondly1 ?is 0 becom+ to ! re/oration ( human nature :i* 0 to be effect$ by ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e ,b$e says 9 a homily 79 ,annunt473 ,x 0 an apt beg9n+ ( man's re/oration t an angel %\ld be s5t by ,god to ! ,virg9 :o 0 to be hall[$ by ! ,div9e ,bir?3 s9ce ! fir/ cause ( man's ru9 0 ?r\gh ! s]p5t be+ s5t by ! devil to cajole ! woman by ! _s ( pride4 ,?irdly1 because ?is 0 becom+ to ! virg9ity ( ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,:]e=e ,j]ome says 9 a s]mon on ! ,assumption 99,ascrib$ to ,/4 ,j]ome b n 8 "w3 ,x is well t an angel be s5t to ! ,virg92 because virg9ity is ev] ak9 to ! angelic nature4 ,surely to live 9 ! fle% & n accord+ to ! fle% is n an e>?ly b a heav5ly life4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,"m ( ,god 0 above ! angels z reg>ds ! dignity to :i* %e 0 *os5 by ,god4 ,b z reg>ds ! pres5t /ate ( life1 %e 0 b5ea? ! angels4 ,= ev5 ,*ri/ ,himself1 by reason ( ,8 passible life1 0 made a little l[] ?an ! angels1 accord+ to ,heb4 #b3i4 ,b because ,*ri/ 0 bo? wayf>] & compreh5sor1 ,he did n ne$ to be in/ruct$ by angels1 z reg>ds k ( ,div9e ?+s4 ,! ,"m ( ,god1 h[ev]1 0 n yet 9 ! /ate ( compreh5sion3 & !re=e %e _h to be in/ruct$ by angels conc]n+ ! ,div9e ,conception4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,assumption 7,de ,assump4 ,b4,v4,m4 99,"w ( ano!r au?or3 among ! works ( ,/4 ,augu/9e7 a true e/imation ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 excludes h] f c]ta9 g5]al rules4 ,= nei!r did %e 'multiply h] conceptions' nor 0 %e '"u man's1 i4e4 h] husb&'s1' p[] 7,g54 #c3af71 :o 9 h] spotless womb conceiv$ ,*ri/ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t %e %\ld be in=m$ ( ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation by means n ( a man1 b ( an angel4 ,= ?is reason x 0 made kn[n to h] be=e ,joseph3 s9ce ! message 0 br\ght to h] be=e %e conceiv$1 b to ,joseph aft] %e _h conceiv$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z may be ga!r$ f ! passage quot$ f ,dionysius1 ! angels 7 acqua9t$ ) ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation3 & yet !y put ?is "q1 be+ desir\s t ,*ri/ %\ld give !m m p]fect k ( ! details ( ?is my/]y1 :i* are incompreh5sible to any creat$ intellect4 ,?us ,maximus 99,maximus ( ,con/ant9ople says t !re c be no "q t ! angels knew t ! ,inc>nation 0 to take place4 ,b x 0 n giv5 to !m to trace ! mann] ( our ,"l's conception1 nor h[ x 0 t ,he rema9$ :ole 9 ! ,fa!r1 :ole ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 & 0 :ole 9 ! n>r[ abode ( ! ,virg94 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,"s say t ,gabriel 0 ( ! highe/ ord]2 because ,gregory says 7,hom4 de ,c5tum ,ovibus 99#cd 9 ,evang473 ,x 0 "r t "o ( ! highe/ angels %\ld come1 s9ce 8 message 0 mo/ sublime4 ,b ?is does nat imply t he 0 ( ! highe/ ord] ( all1 b 9 reg>d to ! angels3 s9ce he 0 an ar*angel4 ,?us ! ,*ur* calls him an ar*angel1 & ,gregory himself 9 a homily 7,de ,c5tum ,ovibus #cd7 says t ^? are call$ ar*angels :o ann\nce sublime ?+s4 ,x is !re=e suffici5tly cr$ible t he 0 ! highe/ ( ! ar*angels4 ,&1 z ,gregory says 7,de ,c5tum ,ovibus #cd71 ?is "n agrees ) 8 (fice3 = ,gabriel means ',p[] ( ,god4' ,?is message !re=e 0 fitt+ly br\ght by ! ',p[] ( ,god1' because ! ,"l ( ho/s & mighty 9 battle 0 com+ to ov]come ! p[]s ( ! air4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cj1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,angel ( ,annunciation ,%\ld ,h ,appe>$ to ! ,virg9 9 a ,bodily ,vision8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! angel ( ! ,annunciation %\ld n h appe>$ to ! ,virg9 9 a bodily vision4 ,= intellectual vision is m excell5t ?an bodily vision1 z ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 xii71 & especially m becom+ to an angel3 s9ce by intellectual vision an angel is se5 9 8 sub/ance2 :]eas 9 a bodily vision he is se5 9 ! bodily %ape :i* he assumes4 ,n[ s9ce x behoov$ a sublime mess5g] to come to ann\nce ! ,div9e ,conception1 s1 seem+ly1 he %\ld h appe>$ 9 ! mo/ excell5t k9d ( vision4 ,!re=e x seems t ! angel ( ! ,annunciation appe>$ to ! ,virg9 9 an intellectual vision4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 imag9>y vision also seems to excel bodily vision3 j z ! imag9ation is a high] p[] ?an ! s5ses4 ,b ! angel 4 4 4 appe>$ to ,joseph 9 8 sleep 7,matt4 #a3bj71 :i* 0 cle>ly an imag9>y vision4 ,!re=e x seems t he %\ld h appe>$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 also 9 an imag9>y vision4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! bodily vision ( a spiritual sub/ance /upefies ! behold]2 ?us we s+ ( ! ,virg9 h]self3 ,& ! ,virg9 see+ ! light 0 fill$ ) fe> 99,fea/ ( ,annunciation1 ,b4,v4,m4 ii ,resp4 ,brev4 ,o4,p44 ,b x 0 bett] t h] m9d %\ld be pres]v$ f be+ ?us tr\bl$4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ?is ann\ncem5t %\ld be made 9 a bodily vision4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 9 a s]mon 7,de ,annunt4 iii7 pictures ! ,bless$ ,virg9 z speak+ ?us3 ,to me came ! ar*angel ,gabriel ) gl[+ c\nt5ance1 gleam+ robe1 & wondr\s /ep4 ,b ^! _c p]ta9 to o!r ?an bodily vision4 ,!re=e ! angel ( ! ,annunciation appe>$ 9 a bodily vision to ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,i answ] t1 ,! angel ( ! ,annunciation appe>$ 9 a bodily vision to ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,& ?is inde$ 0 fitt+1 fir/ 9 reg>d to t :i* 0 ann\nc$4 ,= ! angel came to ann\nce ! ,inc>nation ( ! invisible ,god4 ,:]e=e x 0 becom+ t1 9 ord] to make ?is kn[n1 an invisible creature %\ld assume a =m 9 :i* to appe> visibly3 =asmu* z all ! app>itions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are ord]$ to t app>ition 9 :i* ! ,son ( ,god appe>$ 9 ! fle%4 ,secondly1 x 0 fitt+ z reg>ds ! dignity ( ! ,"m ( ,god1 :o 0 to receive ! ,son ( ,god n only 9 h] m9d1 b 9 h] bodily womb4 ,!re=e x behoov$ n only h] m9d1 b also h] bodily s5ses to be refre%$ by ! angelic vision4 ,?irdly1 x is 9 keep+ ) ! c]ta9ty ( t :i* 0 ann\nc$4 ,= we appreh5d ) great] c]ta9ty t :i* is be=e our eyes1 ?an :at is 9 our imag9ation4 ,?us ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?47 t ! angel came to ! ,virg9 n 9 h] sleep1 b visibly4 ,= s9ce %e 0 receiv+ f ! angel a message exce$+ great1 be=e su* an ev5t %e ne$$ a vision ( great solemnity4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,intellectual vision excels m]ely imag9>y & m]ely bodily vision4 ,b ,augu/9e himself says 7,de ,annunt4 iii7 t prophecy is m excell5t if accompani$ by intellectual & imag9>y vision1 ?an if accompani$ by only "o ( !m4 ,n[ ! ,bless$ ,virg9 p]ceiv$ n only ! bodily vision1 b also ! intellectual illum9ation4 ,:]e=e ?is 0 a m excell5t vision4 ,yet x w\ld h be5 m excell5t if %e _h p]ceiv$ ! angel himself 9 8 sub/ance by h] intellectual vision4 ,b x 0 incompatible ) h] /ate ( wayf>] t %e %\ld see an angel 9 8 ess5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! imag9ation is inde$ a high] p[] ?an ! ext]ior s5se3 b because ! s5ses are ! pr9ciple ( human k1 ! greate/ c]ta9ty is 9 !m1 = ! pr9ciples ( k mu/ ne$s always be mo/ c]ta94 ,consequ5tly ,joseph1 to :om ! angel appe>$ 9 8 sleep1 did n h s excell5t a vision z ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,ambrose says on ,luke #a3aa3 ,we are di/urb$1 & lose our pres5ce ( m9d1 :5 we are confront$ by ! pres5ce ( a sup]ior p[]4 ,& ?is happ5s n only 9 bodily1 b also 9 imag9>y vision4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7,g54 #ae3ab7 t :5 ! sun 0 sett+1 a deep sleep fell ^u ,abram1 & a great & d>ksome horror seiz$ ^u him4 ,b by be+ ?us di/urb$ man is n h>m$ to su* an ext5t t !re=e he ought to =ego ! vision ( an angel4 ,fir/ because f ! v fact t man is rais$ above himself1 9 :i* matt] 8 dignity is conc]n$1 8 inf]ior p[]s are weak5$2 & f ?is results ! a=esaid di/urbance3 ?us1 also1 :5 ! natural heat is drawn )9 a body1 ! ext]ior p>ts tremble4 ,secondly1 because1 z ,orig5 says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,luc473 ,! angel :o appe>$1 kn[+ h]s 0 a human nature1 fir/ s\ght to rem$y ! di/urbance ( m9d to :i* a man is subject4 ,:]e=e bo? to ,za*>y & to ,m>y1 z soon z !y 7 di/urb$1 he said3 ,fe> n4 ,= ?is reason1 z we read 9 ! life ( ,an?ony1 x is difficult to disc]n good f evil spirits4 ,= if joy succe$ fe>1 we %\ld "k t ! help is f ! ,"l3 because security ( s\l is a sign ( pres5t maje/y4 ,b if ! fe> ) :i* we are /rick5 p]sev]e1 x is an enemy t we see4 ,moreov] x 0 becom+ to virg9al mode/y t ! ,virg9 %\ld be tr\bl$4 ,because1 z ,ambrose says on ,luke #a3bj3 ,x is ! "p ( a virg9 to be timid1 to fe> ! advances ( m51 & to %r9k f m5's addresses4 ,b o!rs say t z ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 accu/om$ to angelic visions1 %e 0 n tr\bl$ at see+ ?is angel1 b ) wond] at he>+ :at ! angel said to h]1 = %e did n ?9k s highly ( h]self4 ,:]e=e ! evangeli/ does n say t %e 0 tr\bl$ at see+ ! angel1 b at 8 say+4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cj1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,annunciation ,took ,place 9 ,becom+ ,ord]8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,annunciation did n take place 9 becom+ ord]4 ,= ! dignity ( ! ,"m ( ,god results f ! *ild %e conceiv$4 ,b ! cause %\ld be made kn[n be=e ! effect4 ,!re=e ! angel %\ld h ann\nc$ to ! ,virg9 ! conception ( h] *ild be=e ackn[l$g+ h] dignity 9 greet+ h]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 pro( %\ld be omitt$ 9 ?+s :i* admit ( no d\bt2 & premis$ :]e d\bt is possible4 ,b ! angel seems fir/ to h ann\nc$ :at ! virg9 might d\bt1 & :i*1 because ( h] d\bt1 w\ld make h] ask3 ,h[ %all ?is be done8 & aft]w>ds to h giv5 ! pro(1 alleg+ bo? ! in/ance ( ,elizabe? & ! omnipot5ce ( ,god4 ,!re=e ! ,annunciation 0 made by ! angel 9 unbecom+ ord]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! great] _c be adequately prov$ by ! less4 ,b x 0 a great] wond] = a virg9 ?an = an old woman to be ) *ild4 ,!re=e ! angel's pro( 0 insuffici5t to demon/rate ! conception ( a virg9 f t ( an old woman4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is writt5 7,rom4 #ac3a73 ,^? t are ( ,god1 are well ord]$ ,vulg43 ',^? t are1 are orda9$ ( ,god'4 ,n[ ! angel 0 s5t by ,god to ann\nce unto ! ,virg91 z is relat$ ,luke #a3bf4 ,!re=e ! ,annunciation 0 made by ! angel 9 ! mo/ p]fect ord]4 ,i answ] t1 ,! ,annunciation 0 made by ! angel 9 a becom+ mann]4 ,= ! angel _h a ?reefold purpose 9 reg>d to ! ,virg94 ,fir/1 to draw h] att5tion to ! consid]ation ( a matt] ( su* mom5t4 ,?is he did by greet+ h] by a new & unwont$ salutation4 ,:]e=e ,orig5 says1 comm5t+ on ,luke 7,hom4 vi71 t if %e _h kn[n t simil> words _h be5 address$ to anyone else1 %e1 :o _h k ( ! ,law1 w\ld nev] h be5 a/oni%$ at ! seem+ /rang5ess ( ! salutation4 ,9 :i* salutation he began by ass]t+ h] wor?9ess ( ! conception1 by say+1 ,full ( grace2 !n he ann\nc$ ! conception 9 ! words1 ,! ,"l is ) !e2 & !n =etold ! honor :i* w\ld result to h] !refrom1 by say+1 ,bless$ art ?\ among wom54 ,secondly1 he purpos$ to in/ruct h] ab\t ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i* 0 to be fulfill$ 9 h]4 ,?is he did by =etell+ ! conception & bir?1 say+3 ,behold1 ?\ %alt conceive 9 ?y womb1 etc42 & by decl>+ ! dignity ( ! *ild conceiv$1 say+3 ,he %all be great2 & fur!r1 by mak+ kn[n ! mode ( conception1 :5 he said3 ,! ,holy ,gho/ %all come ^u !e4 ,?irdly1 he purpos$ to lead h] m9d to cons5t4 ,?is he did by ! in/ance ( ,elizabe?1 & by ! argum5t f ,div9e omnipot5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,to a humble m9d no?+ is m a/oni%+ ?an to he> its own excell5ce4 ,n[1 wond] is mo/ effective 9 draw+ ! m9d's att5tion4 ,!re=e ! angel1 desir\s ( draw+ ! ,virg9's att5tion to ! he>+ ( s great a my/]y1 began by prais+ h]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ambrose says explicitly on ,luke #a3cd1 t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 did n d\bt ! angel's words4 ,= he says3 ,m>y's answ] is m temp]ate ?an ! words ( ! prie/4 ,%e says3 ,h[ %all ?is be8 ,he replies3 ,:]eby %all ,i "k ?is8 ,he d5ies t he believes1 s9ce he d5ies t he kn[s ?is4 ,%e does n d\bt fulfilm5t :5 %e asks h[ x %all be done4 ,augu/9e1 h[ev]1 seems to ass]t t %e d\bt$4 ,= he says 7,de ,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/4 qu4 li73 ,to ,m>y1 9 d\bt ab\t ! conception1 ! angel decl>es ! possibility !re(4 ,b su* a d\bt is "o ( wond] r ?an ( unbelief4 ,& s ! angel adduces a pro(1 n z a cure = unbelief1 b 9 ord] to remove h] a/oni%m5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,ambrose says 7,hexaem]on v73 ,= ?is reason _h _m b>r5 wom5 borne *ildr51 t ! virg9al bir? might be cr$ible4 ,! conception ( ! /]ile ,elizabe? is !re=e adduc$1 n z a suffici5t argum5t1 b z a k9d ( figurative example3 consequ5tly 9 support ( ?is in/ance1 ! conv9c+ argum5t is add$ tak5 f ! ,div9e omnipot5ce4 ,,"q #ca ,,( ,,! ,,matt] ,,f ,,:i* ,,! ,,savi\r',s ,,body ,,0 ,,conceiv$ 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! ,savi\r's conception4 ,fir/1 z to ! matt] f :i* ,8 body 0 conceiv$2 secondly1 z to ! au?or ( ,8 conception2 ?irdly1 z to ! mann] & ord] ( ,8 conception4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 d]iv$ f ,adam8 7#b7 ,:e!r x 0 d]iv$ f ,david8 7#c7 ,( ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/ :i* is giv5 9 ! ,gospels2 7#d7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be born ( a woman8 7#e7 ,:e!r ,8 body 0 =m$ f ! pure/ blood ( ! ,virg98 7#f7 ,:e!r ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 9 ! patri>*s z to some?+ signate8 7#g7 ,:e!r ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 9 ! patri>*s 0 subject to s98 7#h7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ paid ti!s 9 ! lo9s ( ,abraham8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ca1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,fle% ( ,*ri/ ,0 ,d]iv$ f ,adam8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s fle% 0 n d]iv$ f ,adam4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3dg73 ,! fir/ man 0 ( ! e>?1 e>?ly3 ! second man1 f heav51 heav5ly4 ,n[1 ! fir/ man is ,adam3 & ! second man is ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n d]iv$ f ,adam1 b has an orig9 di/9ct f him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! conception ( ,*ri/ %\ld h be5 mo/ miracul\s4 ,b x is a great] miracle to =m man's body f ! slime ( ! e>?1 ?an f human matt] d]iv$ f ,adam4 ,x seems !re=e unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld take fle% f ,adam4 ,!re=e ! body ( ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 =m$ f ! mass ( ! human race d]iv$ f ,adam1 b ( "s o!r matt]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 by "o man s9 ent]$ into ?is _w1 i4e4 by ,adam1 because 9 him all nations s9n$ orig9ally1 z is cle> f ,rom4 #e3ab4 ,b if ,*ri/'s body 0 d]iv$ f ,adam1 ,he w\ld h be5 9 ,adam orig9ally :5 he s9n$3 !re=e he w\ld h contract$ orig9al s92 :i* is unbecom+ 9 ,8 purity4 ,!re=e ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 n =m$ ( matt] d]iv$ f ,adam4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #b3af73 ,n[h]e do? ,he--t is1 ! ,son ( ,god--take hold ( ! angels3 b ( ! se$ ( ,abraham ,he take? hold4 ,b ! se$ ( ,abraham 0 d]iv$ f ,adam4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$ ( matt] d]iv$ f ,adam4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ assum$ human nature 9 ord] to cleanse x ( corruption4 ,b human nature did n ne$ to be cleans$ save 9 z f> z x 0 soil$ 9 its ta9t$ orig9 :]eby x 0 desc5d$ f ,adam4 ,!re=e x 0 becom+ t ,he %\ld assume fle% ( matt] d]iv$ f ,adam1 t ! nature itself might be heal$ by ! assumption4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! second man1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 is said to be ( heav51 n inde$ z to ! matt] f :i* ,8 body 0 =m$1 b ei!r z to ! virtue :]eby x 0 =m$2 or ev5 z to ,8 v ,godhead4 ,b z to matt]1 ,*ri/'s body 0 e>?ly1 z ,adam's body 04 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #bi1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b7 ! my/]y ( ,*ri/'s ,inc>nation is miracul\s1 n z orda9$ to /r5g!n fai?1 b z an article ( fai?4 ,& !re=e 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation we d n seek t :i* is mo/ miracul\s1 z 9 ^? miracles t are wr\ght = ! confirmation ( fai?1 b :at is mo/ becom+ to ,div9e wisdom1 & mo/ exp$i5t to ! salvation ( man1 s9ce ?is is :at we seek 9 all matt]s ( fai?4 ,x may also be said t 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! miracle is n only 9 ref]5ce to ! matt] ( ! conception1 b r 9 respect ( ! mann] ( ! conception & bir?2 inasmu* z a virg9 conceiv$ & gave bir? to ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #ae1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b71 ,*ri/'s body 0 9 ,adam 9 respect ( a bodily sub/ance--t is to say1 t ! corporeal matt] ( ,*ri/'s body 0 d]iv$ f ,adam3 b x 0 n !re by reason ( sem9al virtue1 because x 0 n conceiv$ f ! se$ ( man4 ,?us x did n contract orig9al s91 z o!rs :o are desc5d$ f ,adam by man's se$4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ca1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,took ,fle% ( ! ,se$ ( ,david8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n take fle% ( ! se$ ( ,david4 ,= ,mat!w1 9 trac+ ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/1 br+s x d[n to ,joseph4 ,b ,joseph 0 n ,*ri/'s fa!r1 z %[n above 7,q4 #bh1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a1 #b74 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ 0 n desc5d$ f ,david4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,a>on 0 ( ! tribe ( ,levi1 z relat$ ,ex4 #f4 ,n[ ,m>y ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ is call$ ! c\s9 ( ,elizabe?1 :o 0 a daught] ( ,a>on1 z is cle> f ,luke #a3e1 #cf4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,david 0 ( ! tribe ( ,juda1 z is %[n ,matt4 #a1 x seems t ,*ri/ 0 n desc5d$ f ,david4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 ( ,je*onias 7,j]4 #bb3cj73 ,write ?is man b>r5 4 4 4 = !re %all n be a man ( 8 se$ t %all sit ^u ! ?rone ( ,david4 ,:]eas ( ,*ri/ x is writt5 7,isa4 #i3g73 ,he %all sit ^u ! ?rone ( ,david4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n ( ! se$ ( ,je*onias3 nor1 consequ5tly1 ( ! family ( ,david1 s9ce ,mat!w traces ! g5ealogy f ,david ?r\gh ,je*onias4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,rom4 #a3c73 ,:o 0 made to him ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ is said to h be5 ! son especially ( two ( ! patri>*s1 ,abraham & ,david1 z is cle> f ,matt4 #a3a4 ,!re are _m reasons = ?is4 ,fir/ to ^! especially 0 ! promise made conc]n+ ,*ri/4 ,= x 0 said to ,abraham 7,g54 #bb3ah73 ,9 ?y se$ %all all ! nations ( ! e>? be bless$3 :i* words ! ,apo/le exp\nds ( ,*ri/ 7,gal4 #c3af73 ,to ,abraham 7 ! promises made & to 8 se$4 ,he sai? n1 ',& to 8 se$s' z ( _m2 b z ( "o1 ',& to ?y se$1' :i* is ,*ri/4 ,& to ,david x 0 said 7,ps4 #aca3aa73 ,( ! fruit ( ?y womb ,i w set ^u ?y ?rone4 ,:]e=e ! ,jewi% p1 receiv+ ,him ) k+ly honor1 said 7,matt4 #ba3i73 ,hosanna to ! ,son ( ,david4 ,a second reason is because ,*ri/ 0 to be k+1 prophet1 & prie/4 ,n[ ,abraham 0 a prie/2 :i* is cle> f ! ,"l say+ unto him 7,g54 #ae3i73 ,take !e ,vulg43 ',me' a c[ ( ?ree ye>s old1 etc4 ,he 0 also a prophet1 accord+ to ,g54 #bj3g3 ,he is a prophet2 & he %all pray = !e4 ,la/ly ,david 0 bo? k+ & prophet4 ,a ?ird reason is because circumcision _h its beg9n+ 9 ,abraham3 :ile 9 ,david ,god's election 0 mo/ cle>ly made manife/1 accord+ to #a ,k+s #ac3ad3 ,! ,"l ha? s\ght ,him a man accord+ to ,8 own he>t4 ,& consequ5tly ,*ri/ is call$ 9 a mo/ special way ! ,son ( bo?1 9 ord] to %[ t ,he came = ! salvation bo? ( ! circumcis$ & ( ! elect among ! ,g5tiles4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,fau/us ! ,mani*ean argu$ ?us1 9 ! desire to prove t ,*ri/ is n ! ,son ( ,david1 because ,he 0 n conceiv$ ( ,joseph1 9 :om ,mat!w's g5ealogy t]m9ates4 ,augu/9e answ]$ ?is argum5t ?us 7,contra ,fau/4 xxii73 ,s9ce ! same evangeli/ affirms t ,joseph 0 ,m>y's husb& & t ,*ri/'s "m 0 a virg91 & t ,*ri/ 0 ( ! se$ ( ,abraham1 :at mu/ we believe1 b t ,m>y 0 n a /rang] to ! family ( ,david3 & t x is n )\t reason t %e 0 call$ ! wife ( ,joseph1 by reason ( ! close alliance ( _! he>ts1 al?\gh n m+l$ 9 ! fle%2 & t ! g5ealogy is trac$ d[n to ,joseph r ?an to h] by reason ( ! dignity ( ! husb&8 ,s !re=e we believe t ,m>y 0 also ( ! family ( ,david3 because we believe ! ,scriptures1 :i* ass]t bo? t ,*ri/ 0 ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%1 & t ,m>y 0 ,8 ,"m1 n by sexual int]c\rse b reta9+ h] virg9ity4 ,= z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #a3ah3 ,joseph & ,m>y 7 ( ! same tribe3 :]e=e he 0 b\nd by law to m>ry h] z %e 0 8 k9swoman4 ,h5ce x 0 t !y 7 enroll$ toge!r at ,be?lehem1 z be+ desc5d$ f ! same /ock4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,gregory ( ,nazianzum answ]s ?is objection by say+ t x happ5$ by ,god's w1 t ! royal family 0 unit$ to ! prie/ly race1 s t ,*ri/1 :o is bo? k+ & prie/1 %\ld be born ( bo? accord+ to ! fle%4 ,:]e=e ,a>on1 :o 0 ! fir/ prie/ accord+ to ! ,law1 m>ri$ a wife ( ! tribe ( ,juda1 ,elizabe?1 daught] ( ,am9adab4 ,x is !re=e possible t ,elizabe?'s fa!r m>ri$ a wife ( ! family ( ,david1 ?r\gh :om ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 :o 0 ( ! family ( ,david1 w\ld be a c\s9 ( ,elizabe?4 ,or conv]sely1 & ) great] likelihood1 t ! ,bless$ ,m>y's fa!r1 :o 0 ( ! family ( ,david1 m>ri$ a wife ( ! family ( ,a>on4 ,aga91 x may be said ) ,augu/9e 7,contra ,fau/4 xxii7 t if ,joa*im1 ,m>y's fa!r1 0 ( ! family ( ,a>on 7z ! h]etic ,fau/us pret5d$ to prove f c]ta9 apocryphal writ+s71 !n we mu/ believe t ,joa*im's "m1 or else 8 wife1 0 ( ! family ( ,david1 s long z we say t ,m>y 0 9 "s way desc5d$ f ,david4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,ambrose says on ,luke #c3be1 ?is prophetical passage does n d5y t a po/]ity w be born ( ! se$ ( ,je*onias4 ,& s ,*ri/ is ( 8 se$4 ,nei!r is ! fact t ,*ri/ reign$ contr>y to prophecy1 = ,he did n reign ) worldly honor2 s9ce ,he decl>$3 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ca1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,g5ealogy ,is ,suitably ,trac$ by ! ,evangeli/s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s g5ealogy is n suitably trac$ by ! ,evangeli/s4 ,= x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3h73 ,:o %all decl>e ,8 g5]ation8 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s g5ealogy %\ld n h be5 set d[n4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 "o man _c possibly h two fa!rs4 ,b ,mat!w says t ,jacob begot ,joseph1 ! husb& ( ,m>y3 :]eas ,luke says t ,joseph 0 ! son ( ,heli4 ,!re=e !y contradict "o ano!r4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !re seem to be div]g5cies betwe5 !m on sev]al po9ts4 ,= ,mat!w1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 book1 beg9n+ f ,abraham & com+ d[n to ,joseph1 enum]ates =ty-two g5]ations4 ,:]eas ,luke sets d[n ,*ri/'s g5ealogy aft] ,8 ,baptism1 & beg9n+ f ,*ri/ traces ! s]ies ( g5]ations back to ,god1 c\nt+ 9 all sev5ty-sev5 g5]ations1 ! fir/ & la/ includ$4 ,x seems !re=e t _! acc\nts ( ,*ri/'s g5ealogy d n agree4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 we read 7#d ,k+s #h3bd7 t ,joram begot ,o*ozias1 :o 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,joas3 :o 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,amasius3 aft] :om reign$ 8 son ,az>ias1 call$ ,ozias2 :o 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,joa?an4 ,b ,mat!w says t ,joram begot ,ozias4 ,!re=e x seems t 8 acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s g5ealogy is unsuitable1 s9ce he omits ?ree k+s 9 ! middle !re(4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 all ^? :o are m5tion$ 9 ,*ri/'s g5ealogy _h bo? a fa!r & a "m1 & _m ( !m _h bro!rs also4 ,n[ 9 ,*ri/'s g5ealogy ,mat!w m5tions only ?ree mo!rs--namely1 ,?am>1 ,ru?1 & ! wife ( ,urias4 ,he also m5tions ! bro!rs ( ,judas & ,je*onias1 & also ,ph>es & ,z>a4 ,b ,luke m5tions none ( ^!4 ,!re=e ! evangeli/s seem to h describ$ ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/ 9 an unsuitable mann]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! au?ority ( ,scripture suffices4 ,i answ] t1 ,z is writt5 7#b ,tim4 #c3af71 ,all ,holy ,scripture is inspir$ ( ,god ,vulg43 ',all scripture inspir$ ( ,god is pr(itable'1 etc4 ,n[ :at is done by ,god is done 9 p]fect ord]1 accord+ to ,rom4 #ac3a3 ,^? t are ( ,god are orda9$ ,vulg43 ',^? t are1 are orda9$ ( ,god'4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s g5ealogy is set d[n by ! evangeli/s 9 a suitable ord]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #a1 ,isaias speaks ( ! g5]ation ( ,*ri/'s ,godhead4 ,:]eas ,mat!w relates ! g5]ation ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 humanity2 n inde$ by expla9+ ! mann] ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i* is also unspeakable2 b by enum]at+ ,*ri/'s =efa!rs f :om ,he 0 desc5d$ accord+ to ! fle%4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,v>i\s answ]s h be5 made by c]ta9 writ]s to ?is objection :i* 0 rais$ by ,julian ! ,apo/ate2 = "s1 z ,gregory ( ,nazianzum1 say t ! p m5tion$ by ! two evangeli/s are ! same1 b "u diff]5t names1 z ?\gh !y ea* _h two4 ,b ?is w n /&3 because ,mat!w m5tions "o ( ,david's sons--namely1 ,solomon2 :]eas ,luke m5tions ano!r--namely1 ,na?an1 :o accord+ to ! hi/ory ( ! k+s 7#b ,k+s #e3ad7 7 cle>ly bro!rs4 ,:]e=e o!rs said t ,mat!w gave ! true g5ealogy ( ,*ri/3 :ile ,luke gave ! supposititi\s g5ealogy2 h5ce he began3 ,be+ 7z x 0 suppos$7 ! son ( ,joseph4 ,= among ! ,jews !re 7 "s :o believ$ t1 on acc\nt ( ! crimes ( ! k+s ( ,juda1 ,*ri/ w\ld be born ( ! family ( ,david1 n ?r\gh ! k+s1 b ?r\gh "s o!r l9e ( private individuals4 ,o!rs aga9 h suppos$ t ,mat!w gave ! =efa!rs accord+ to ! fle%3 :]eas ,luke gave ^! accord+ to ! _s1 t is1 righte\s m51 :o are call$ 7,*ri/'s7 =efa!rs by lik5ess ( virtue4 ,b an answ] is giv5 9 ! ,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/4 99,"p i1 qu4 lvi2 "p #b1 qu4 vi to ! effect t we are n to und]/& t ,joseph is said by ,luke to be ! son ( ,heli3 b t at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 ,heli & ,joseph 7 diff]5tly desc5d$ f ,david4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ is said to h be5 suppos$ to be ! son ( ,joseph1 & also to h be5 ! son ( ,heli z ?\gh 7! ,evangeli/7 7 to say t ,*ri/1 f ! fact t ,he 0 ! son ( ,joseph1 c\ld be call$ ! son ( ,heli & ( all ^? :o 7 desc5d$ f ,david2 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #i3e73 ,( :om 7viz4 ! ,jews7 is ,*ri/ accord+ to ! fle%4 ,augu/9e aga9 gives ?ree solutions 7,de ,qq4 ,evang4 ii71 say+3 ,!re are ?ree motives by "o or o!r ( :i* ! evangeli/ 0 guid$4 ,= ei!r "o evangeli/ m5tions ,joseph's fa!r ( :om he 0 begott52 :il/ ! o!r gives ei!r 8 mat]nal gr&fa!r or "s o!r ( 8 lat] =efa!rs2 or "o 0 ,joseph's natural fa!r3 ! o!r is fa!r by adoption4 ,or1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% cu/om1 "o ( ^? hav+ di$ )\t *ildr51 a ne> relation ( 8 m>ri$ 8 wife1 ! son born ( ! latt] union be+ reckon$ z ! son ( ! =m]3 :i* is a k9d ( legal adoption1 z ,augu/9e himself says 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 ii1 ,cf4 ,retract4 ii74 ,?is la/ motive is ! true/3 ,j]ome also gives x comm5t+ on ,matt4 #a3af2 & ,eusebius ( ,caes>ea 9 8 ,*ur* hi/ory 7,i1 vii71 says t x is giv5 by ,africanus ! hi/orian4 ,= ^! writ]s say t ,ma?an & ,mel*i1 at diff]5t times1 ea* begot a son ( "o & ! same wife1 nam$ ,e/ha4 ,= ,ma?an1 :o trac$ 8 desc5t ?r\gh ,solomon1 _h m>ri$ h] fir/1 & di$1 leav+ "o son1 ^: "n 0 ,jacob3 & aft] 8 dea?1 z ! law did n =bid 8 wid[ to rem>ry1 ,mel*i1 :o trac$ 8 desc5t ?r\gh ,ma?an1 be+ ( ! same tribe ?\gh n ( ! same family z ,ma?an1 m>ri$ 8 wid[1 :o bore him a son1 call$ ,heli2 s t ,jacob & ,heli 7 ut]9e bro!rs born to diff]5t fa!rs4 ,n[ "o ( ^!1 ,jacob1 on 8 bro!r ,heli dy+ )\t issue1 m>ri$ ! latt]'s wid[1 accord+ to ! prescription ( ! law1 ( :om he _h a son1 ,joseph1 :o by nature 0 8 own son1 b by law 0 acc\nt$ ! son ( ,heli4 ,:]e=e ,mat!w says ,jacob begot ,joseph3 :]eas ,luke1 :o 0 giv+ ! legal g5ealogy1 speaks ( no "o z begett+4 ,& al?\gh ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv7 says t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y 0 connect$ ) ,joseph 9 z f> z ,heli 0 acc\nt$ z 8 fa!r1 = he says t %e 0 desc5d$ f ,mel*i3 yet mu/ we also believe t %e 0 9 "s way desc5d$ f ,solomon ?r\gh ^? patri>*s enum]at$ by ,mat!w1 :o is said to h set d[n ,*ri/'s g5ealogy accord+ to ! fle%2 & all ! m s9ce ,ambrose /ates t ,*ri/ 0 ( ! se$ ( ,je*onias4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 ii7 ,mat!w purpos$ to del9eate ! royal p]sonality ( ,*ri/2 ,luke ! prie/ly p]sonality3 s t 9 ,mat!w's g5ealogy is signifi$ ! assumption ( our s9s by our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/3 inasmu* z by 8 c>nal orig9 ,he assum$ '! lik5ess ( s9ful fle%4' ,b 9 ,luke's g5ealogy ! wa%+ away ( our s9s is signifi$1 :i* is effect$ by ,*ri/'s sacrifice4 ,= :i* reason ,mat!w traces ! g5]ations d[nw>ds1 ,luke upw>ds4 ,= ! same reason too ,mat!w desc5ds f ,david ?r\gh ,solomon1 9 ^: "m ,david s9n$2 :]eas ,luke asc5ds to ,david ?r\gh ,na?an1 ?r\gh ^: namesake1 ! prophet1 ,god expiat$ 8 s94 ,& h5ce x is also t1 because ,mat!w wi%$ to signify t ,*ri/ _h condesc5d$ to our mortal nature1 he set d[n ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/ at ! v outset ( 8 ,gospel1 beg9n+ ) ,abraham & desc5d+ to ,joseph & ! bir? ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,luke1 on ! contr>y1 sets =? ,*ri/'s g5ealogy n at ! outset1 b aft] ,*ri/'s ,baptism1 & n 9 ! desc5d+ b 9 ! asc5d+ ord]3 z ?\gh giv+ prom95ce to ! (fice ( ! prie/ 9 expiat+ our s9s1 to :i* ,john bore witness1 say+3 ',behold ,him :o take? away ! s9 ( ! _w4' ,& 9 ! asc5d+ ord]1 he passes ,abraham & cont9ues up to ,god1 to :om we are reconcil$ by cleans+ & expiat+4 ,) reason too he foll[s ! orig9 ( adoption2 because by adoption we become *ildr5 ( ,god3 :]eas by c>nal g5]ation ! ,son ( ,god became ! ,son ( ,man4 ,moreov] he %[s suffici5tly t he does n say t ,joseph 0 ! son ( ,heli z ?\gh begott5 by him1 b because he 0 adopt$ by him1 s9ce he says t ,adam 0 ! son ( ,god1 inasmu* z he 0 creat$ by ,god4 ,aga91 ! numb] =ty p]ta9s to ! "t ( our pres5t life3 because ( ! f\r p>ts ( ! _w 9 :i* we pass ?is mortal life "u ! rule ( ,*ri/4 ,& =ty is ! product ( f\r multipli$ by t53 :ile t5 is ! sum ( ! numb]s f "o to f\r4 ,! numb] t5 may also ref] to ! decalogue2 & ! numb] f\r to ! pres5t life2 or aga9 to ! f\r ,gospels1 accord+ to :i* ,*ri/ reigns 9 u4 ,& ?us ,mat!w1 putt+ =w>d ! royal p]sonality ( ,*ri/1 enum]ates =ty p]sons n c\nt+ ,him 7cf4 ,augu/9e1 ,de ,cons5su ,evang4 ii74 ,b ?is is to be tak5 on ! supposition t x be ! same ,je*onias at ! end ( ! second1 & at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ?ird s]ies ( f\rte51 z ,augu/9e und]/&s x4 ,accord+ to him ?is 0 done 9 ord] to signify t "u ,je*onias !re 0 a c]ta9 defection to /range nations dur+ ! ,babylonian captivity2 :i* also =e%ad[$ ! fact t ,*ri/ w\ld pass f ! ,jews to ! ,g5tiles4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,j]ome 7on ,matt4 #a3ab-ae7 says t !re 7 two ,joa*ims--t is1 ,je*onias1 fa!r & son3 bo? ( :om are m5tion$ 9 ,*ri/'s g5ealogy1 s z to make cle> ! di/9ction ( ! g5]ations1 :i* ! evangeli/ divides into ?ree s]ies ( f\rte52 :i* am\nts 9 all to =ty-two p]sons4 ,:i* numb] may also be appli$ to ! ,holy ,*ur*3 = x is ! product ( six1 :i* signifies ! labor ( ! pres5t life1 & sev51 :i* signifies ! re/ ( ! life to come3 = six times sev5 are =ty-two4 ,! numb] f\rte51 :i* is ! sum ( t5 & f\r1 c also be giv5 ! same signification z t giv5 to ! numb] =ty1 :i* is ! product ( ! same numb]s by multiplication4 ,b ! numb] us$ by ,luke 9 ,*ri/'s g5ealogy signifies ! g5]ality ( s9s4 ,= ! numb] t5 is %[n 9 ! t5 precepts ( ! ,law to be ! numb] ( righte\sness4 ,n[1 to s9 is to g beyond ! re/riction ( ! ,law4 ,& elev5 is ! numb] beyond t54 ,& sev5 signifies univ]sality3 because univ]sal "t is involv$ 9 sev5 days4 ,n[ sev5 times elev5 are sev5ty-sev53 s t ?is numb] signifies ! g5]ality ( s9s :i* are tak5 away by ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #a3h1 #aa3 ,because ,joram alli$ himself ) ! family ( ! mo/ wick$ ,jezabel1 !re=e 8 memory is omitt$ d[n to ! ?ird g5]ation1 le/ x %\ld be ins]t$ among ! holy pr$ecessors ( ! ,nativity4 ,h5ce z ,*ryso/om 99,cf4 ,opus ,imp]f4 9 ,mat?4 ,hom4 i1 falsely ascrib$ to ,*ryso/om says3 ,j z great 0 ! bless+ conf]r$ on ,jehu1 :o wr\ght v5geance on ! h\se ( ,a*ab & ,jezabel1 s also great 0 ! curse on ! h\se ( ,joram1 ?r\gh ! wick$ daught] ( ,a*ab & ,jezabel1 s t until ! f\r? g5]ation 8 po/]ity is cut (f f ! numb] ( k+s1 accord+ to ,ex4 #bj3e3 ,i %all visit ,vulg43 ',visit+' ! iniquity ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr5 unto ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ations4 ,x mu/ also be obs]v$ t !re 7 o!r k+s :o s9n$ & are m5tion$ 9 ,*ri/'s g5ealogy3 b _! impiety 0 n cont9u\s4 ,=1 z x is /at$ 9 ! book ,de ,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/4 qu4 lxxxv3 ,solomon ?r\gh 8 fa!r's m]its is includ$ 9 ! s]ies ( k+s2 & ,roboam 4 4 4 ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,asa1 :o 0 son ( 8 7,roboam's7 son1 ,abiam4 ,b ! impiety ( ^? ?ree 99i4e4 ,o*ozias1 ,joas1 & ,amasias1 ( :om ,/4 ,augu/9e asks 9 ?is "q lxxxv1 :y !y 7 omitt$ by ,/4 ,mat!w 0 cont9u\s4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #a3c3 ,none ( ! holy wom5 are m5tion$ 9 ! ,savi\r's g5ealogy1 b only ^? :om ,scripture c5sures1 s t ,he :o came = ! sake ( s9n]s1 by be+ born ( s9n]s1 might blot out all s94 ,?us ,?am> is m5tion$1 :o is c5sur$ = h] s9 ) h] fa!r-9-law2 ,rahab :o 0 a :ore2 ,ru? :o 0 a =eign]2 & ,be?sabee1 ! wife ( ,urias1 :o 0 an adult]ess4 ,! la/1 h[ev]1 is n m5tion$ by "n1 b is designat$ ?r\gh h] husb&2 bo? on acc\nt ( 8 s91 = he 0 cognizant ( ! adult]y & murd]2 & fur!r 9 ord] t1 by m5tion+ ! husb& by "n1 ,david's s9 might be recall$4 ,& because ,luke purposes to del9eate ,*ri/ z ! expiator ( our s9s1 he makes no m5tion ( ^! wom54 ,b he does m5tion ,juda's bre?r51 9 ord] to %[ t !y belong to ,god's p3 :]eas ,ismael1 ! bro!r ( ,isaac1 & ,esau1 ,jacob's bro!r1 7 cut (f f ,god's p1 & = ?is reason are n m5tion$ 9 ,*ri/'s g5ealogy4 ,ano!r motive 0 to %[ ! empt9ess ( pride ( bir?3 = _m ( ,juda's bre?r5 7 born ( h&-maid5s1 & yet all 7 patri>*s & heads ( tribes4 ,ph>es & ,z>a are m5tion$ toge!r1 because1 z ,ambrose says on ,luke #c3bc1 !y are ! type ( ! tw(old life ( man3 "o1 accord+ to ! ,law1 signifi$ by ,z>a2 ! o!r by ,fai?1 ( :i* ,ph>es is ! type4 ,! bre?r5 ( ,je*onias are includ$1 because !y all reign$ at v>i\s times3 :i* 0 n ! case ) o!r k+s3 or1 aga91 because !y 7 alike 9 wick$ness & mis=tune4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ca1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,matt] ( ,*ri/'s ,body ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,tak5 f a ,woman8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! matt] ( ,*ri/'s body %\ld n h be5 tak5 f a woman4 ,= ! male sex is m noble ?an ! female4 ,b x 0 mo/ suitable t ,*ri/ %\ld assume t :i* is p]fect 9 human nature4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he %\ld n h tak5 fle% f a woman b r f man3 j z ,eve 0 =m$ f ! rib ( a man4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :oev] is conceiv$ ( a woman is %ut up 9 h] womb4 ,b x ill becomes ,god1 ,:o fills heav5 & e>?1 z is writt5 ,j]4 #bc3bd1 to be %ut up )9 ! n>r[ limits ( ! womb4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he %\ld n h be5 conceiv$ ( a woman4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ^? :o are conceiv$ ( a woman contract a c]ta9 uncleanness3 z x is writt5 7,job #be3d73 ,c man be ju/ifi$ comp>$ ) ,god8 ,or he t is born ( a woman appe> clean8 ,b x 0 unbecom+ t any uncleanness %\ld be 9 ,*ri/3 = ,he is ! ,wisdom ( ,god1 ( :om x is writt5 7,wis4 #g3be7 t no defil$ ?+ come? into h]4 ,!re=e x does n seem "r t ,he %\ld h tak5 fle% f a woman4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,gal4 #d3d73 ,god s5t ,8 ,son1 made ( a woman4 ,i answ] t1 ,al?\gh ! ,son ( ,god c\ld h tak5 fle% f :atev] matt] ,he will$1 x 0 nev]!less mo/ becom+ t ,he %\ld take fle% f a woman4 ,fir/ because 9 ?is way ! entire human nature 0 ennobl$4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #aa73 ,x 0 suitable t man's lib]ation %\ld be made manife/ 9 bo? sexes4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce x behoov$ a man1 be+ ( ! nobl] sex1 to assume1 x 0 becom+ t ! lib]ation ( ! female sex %\ld be manife/$ 9 t man be+ born ( a woman4 ,secondly1 because ?us ! tru? ( ! ,inc>nation is made evid5t4 ,:]e=e ,ambrose says 7,de ,inc>n4 vi73 ,?\ %alt f9d 9 ,*ri/ _m ?+s bo? natural1 & sup]natural4 ,9 accordance ) nature ,he 0 )9 ! womb1 viz4 ( a woman's body3 b x 0 above nature t a virg9 %\ld conceive & give bir?3 t ?\ mighte/ believe t ,he 0 ,god1 :o 0 r5ew+ nature2 & t ,he 0 man :o1 accord+ to nature1 0 be+ born ( a man4 ,& ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volus4 cxxxvii73 ,if ,almighty ,god _h creat$ a man =m$ o!rwise ?an 9 a "m's womb1 & _h sudd5ly produc$ him to sight 4 4 4 w\ld ,he n h /r5g!n$ an errone\s op9ion1 & made x impossible = u to believe t ,he _h become a true man8 ,& :il/ ,he is do+ all ?+s wondr\sly1 w\ld ,he h tak5 away t :i* ,he accompli%$ 9 m]cy8 ,b n[1 ,he1 ! m$iator betwe5 ,god & man1 has s %[n ,himself1 t1 unit+ bo? natures 9 ! unity ( "o ,p]son1 ,he has giv5 a dignity to ord9>y by extraord9>y ?+s1 & temp]$ ! extraord9>y by ! ord9>y4 ,?irdly1 because 9 ?is fa%ion ! begett+ ( man is accompli%$ 9 e v>iety ( mann]4 ,= ! fir/ man 0 made f ! slime ( ! e>?1 )\t ! concurr5ce ( man or woman3 ,eve 0 made ( man b n ( woman3 & o!r m5 are made f bo? man & woman4 ,s t ?is f\r? mann] rema9$ z x 7 prop] to ,*ri/1 t ,he %\ld be made ( a woman )\t ! concurr5ce ( a man4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! male sex is m noble ?an ! female1 & = ?is reason ,he took human nature 9 ! male sex4 ,b le/ ! female sex %\ld be despis$1 x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld take fle% ( a woman4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,agone ,*ri/4 xi73 ,m51 despise n y\rselves3 ! ,son ( ,god became a man3 despise n y\rselves1 wom52 ! ,son ( ,god 0 born ( a woman4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,augu/9e ?us 7,contra ,fau/4 xxiii7 replies to ,fau/us1 :o urg$ ?is objection2 ,by no means1 says he1 does ! ,ca?olic ,fai?1 :i* believes t ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god 0 born ( a virg91 accord+ to ! fle%1 suppose t ! same ,son ( ,god 0 s %ut up 9 ,8 ,"m's womb1 z to cease to be else:]e1 z ?\gh ,he no long] cont9u$ to gov]n heav5 & e>?1 & z ?\gh ,he _h )drawn ,himself f ! ,fa!r4 ,b y1 ,mani*eans1 be+ ( a m9d t admits ( n\ght b mat]ial images1 are utt]ly unable to grasp ^! ?+s4 ,=1 z he aga9 says 7,ep4 ad ,volus4 cxxxvii71 x belongs to ! s5se ( man to =m conceptions only ?r\gh tangible bodies1 none ( :i* c be entire ev]y:]e1 because !y mu/ ( necessity be diffus$ ?r\gh _! innum]able p>ts 9 v>i\s places 4 4 4 ,f> o!rwise is ! nature ( ! s\l f t ( ! body3 h[ mu* m ! nature ( ,god1 ! ,creator ( s\l & body6 4 4 4 ,he is able to be entire ev]y:]e1 & to be conta9$ 9 no place4 ,he is able to come )\t mov+ f ! place :]e ,he 02 & to g )\t leav+ ! spot :5ce ,he came4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!re is no uncleanness 9 ! conception ( man f a woman1 z f> z ?is is ! "w ( ,god3 :]e=e x is writt5 7,acts #aj3ae73 ,t :i* ,god ha? cleans$ d n ?\ call common1 i4e4 unclean4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a c]ta9 uncleanness !re91 result+ f s91 z f> z lu/ful desire accompanies conception by sexual union4 ,b ?is 0 n ! case ) ,*ri/1 z %[n above 7,q4 #bh1 ,a4 #a74 ,b if !re 7 any uncleanness !re91 ! ,^w ( ,god w\ld n h be5 sulli$ !reby1 = ,he is utt]ly un*angeable4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,qu9que ,ha]eses v73 ,god sai?1 ! ,creator ( man3 ,:at is x t tr\bles !e 9 ,my ,bir?8 ,i 0 n conceiv$ by lu/ful desire4 ,i made ,myself a "m ( :om to be born4 ,if ! sun's rays c dry up ! fil? 9 ! dra91 & yet n be defil$3 mu* m c ! ,spl5dor ( et]nal light cleanse :atev] ,x %9es ^u1 b ,itself _c be sulli$4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ca1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,fle% ( ,*ri/ ,0 ,conceiv$ ( ! ,virg9's ,pure/ ,blood8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 n conceiv$ ( ! ,virg9's pure/ blood3 ,= x is said 9 ! collect 7,fea/ ( ! ,annunciation7 t ,god will$ t ,8 ,^w %\ld take fle% f a ,virg94 ,b fle% diff]s f blood4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body 0 n tak5 f ! ,virg9's blood4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ! woman 0 miracul\sly =m$ f ! man1 s ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$ miracul\sly f ! ,virg94 ,b ! woman is n said to h be5 =m$ f ! man's blood1 b r f 8 fle% & bones1 accord+ to ,g54 #b3bc3 ,?is n[ is bone ( my bones1 & fle% ( my fle%4 ,x seems !re=e t nei!r %\ld ,*ri/'s body h be5 =m$ f ! ,virg9's blood1 b f h] fle% & bones4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s body 0 ( ! same species z o!r m5's bodies4 ,b o!r m5's bodies are n =m$ f ! pure/ blood b f ! sem5 & ! m5/rual blood4 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r 0 ,*ri/'s body conceiv$ ( ! pure/ blood ( ! ,virg94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii7 t ! ,son ( ,god1 f ! ,virg9's pure/ blood1 =m$ ,himself fle%1 animat$ ) a rational s\l4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #d71 9 ,*ri/'s conception ,8 be+ born ( a woman 0 9 accordance ) ! laws ( nature1 b t ,he 0 born ( a virg9 0 above ! laws ( nature4 ,n[1 su* is ! law ( nature t 9 ! g5]ation ( an animal ! female supplies ! matt]1 :ile ! male is ! active pr9ciple ( g5]ation2 z ! ,philosoph] proves 7,de ,g5]4 ,animal4 i74 ,b a woman :o conceives ( a man is n a virg94 ,& consequ5tly x belongs to ! sup]natural mode ( ,*ri/'s g5]ation1 t ! active pr9ciple ( g5]ation 0 ! sup]natural p[] ( ,god3 b x belongs to ! natural mode ( ,8 g5]ation1 t ! matt] f :i* ,8 body 0 conceiv$ is simil> to ! matt] :i* o!r wom5 supply = ! conception ( _! (fspr+4 ,n[1 ?is matt]1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,g5]4 ,animal471 is ! woman's blood1 n any ( h] blood1 b br\ght to a m p]fect /age ( secretion by ! "m's g5]ative p[]1 s z to be apt = conception4 ,& !re=e ( su* matt] 0 ,*ri/'s body conceiv$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9ce ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 ( ! same nature z o!r wom51 x foll[s t %e _h fle% & bones ( ! same nature z !irs4 ,n[1 fle% & bones 9 o!r wom5 are actual p>ts ( ! body1 ! integrity ( :i* results !refrom3 & consequ5tly !y _c be tak5 f ! body )\t its be+ corrupt$ or dim9i%$4 ,b z ,*ri/ came to heal :at 0 corrupt1 x 0 n fitt+ t ,he %\ld br+ corruption or dim9ution to ! integrity ( ,8 ,"m4 ,!re=e x 0 becom+ t ,*ri/'s body %\ld be =m$ n f ! fle% or bones ( ! ,virg91 b f h] blood1 :i* z yet is n actually a "p1 b is pot5tially ! :ole1 z /at$ 9 ,de ,g5]4 ,animal4 i4 ,h5ce ,he is said to h tak5 fle% f ! ,virg91 n t ! matt] f :i* ,8 body 0 =m$ 0 actual fle%1 b blood1 :i* is fle% pot5tially4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ib1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b71 ,adam1 ?r\gh be+ e/abli%$ z a k9d ( pr9ciple ( human nature1 _h 9 8 body a c]ta9 proportion ( fle% & bone1 :i* belong$ to him1 n z an integral "p ( 8 p]sonality1 b 9 reg>d to 8 /ate z a pr9ciple ( human nature4 ,& f ?is 0 ! woman =m$1 )\t detrim5t to ! man4 ,b 9 ! ,virg9's body !re 0 no?+ ( ?is sort1 f :i* ,*ri/'s body c\ld be =m$ )\t detrim5t to ,8 ,"m's body4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,woman's sem5 is n apt = g5]ation1 b is some?+ imp]fect 9 ! sem9al ord]1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! imp]fection ( ! female p[]1 x has n be5 possible to br+ to complete sem9al p]fection4 ,consequ5tly ?is sem5 is n ! necess>y matt] ( conception2 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,g5]4 ,animal4 i73 :]e=e !re 0 none su* 9 ,*ri/'s conception3 all ! m s9ce1 ?\gh x is imp]fect 9 ! sem9al ord]1 a c]ta9 concupisc5ce accompanies its emission1 z also t ( ! male sem53 :]eas 9 t virg9al conception !re c\ld be no concupisc5ce4 ,:]e=e ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii7 t ,*ri/'s body 0 n conceiv$ sem9ally4 ,b ! m5/rual blood1 ! fl[ ( :i* is subject to mon?ly p]iods1 has a c]ta9 natural impurity ( corruption3 l o!r sup]fluities1 :i* nature does n he$1 & !re=e expels4 ,( su* m5/rual blood infect$ ) corruption & repudiat$ by nature1 ! conception is n =m$2 b f a c]ta9 secretion ( ! pure blood :i* by a process ( elim9ation is prep>$ = conception1 be+1 z x 71 m pure & m p]fect ?an ! re/ ( ! blood4 ,nev]!less1 x is ta9t$ ) ! impurity ( lu/ 9 ! conception ( o!r m53 inasmu* z by sexual int]c\rse ?is blood is drawn to a place apt = conception4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 did n take place 9 ,*ri/'s conception3 because ?is blood 0 br\ght toge!r 9 ! ,virg9's womb & fa%ion$ into a *ild by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e is ,*ri/'s body said to be =m$ ( ! mo/ *a/e & pure/ blood ( ! ,virg94 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ca1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,0 9 ,adam & ! ,o!r ,patri>*s1 ,z to ,some?+ ,signate8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s body 0 9 ,adam & ! patri>*s z to some?+ signate4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 x7 t ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 9 ,adam & ,abraham by way ( a bodily sub/ance4 ,b bodily sub/ance is some?+ signate4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s fle% 0 9 ,adam1 ,abraham1 & ! o!r patri>*s1 accord+ to some?+ signate4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is said 7,rom4 #a3c7 t ,*ri/ 0 made 4 4 4 ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%4 ,b ! se$ ( ,david 0 some?+ signate 9 him4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 9 ,david1 accord+ to some?+ signate1 & = ! same reason 9 ! o!r patri>*s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! human race is ,*ri/'s k9dr$1 inasmu* z ,he took fle% !refrom4 ,b if t fle% 7 n some?+ signate 9 ,adam1 ! human race1 :i* is desc5d$ f ,adam1 w\ld seem to h no k9dr$ ) ,*ri/3 b r ) ^? o!r ?+s f :i* ! matt] ( ,8 fle% 0 tak54 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s fle% 0 9 ,adam & ! o!r patri>*s accord+ to some?+ signate4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 x7 t 9 :atev] way ,*ri/ 0 9 ,adam & ,abraham1 o!r m5 7 !re also2 b n conv]sely4 ,b o!r m5 7 n 9 ,adam & ,abraham by way ( "s signate matt]1 b only accord+ to orig91 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #aai1 ,a4 #a1 ,a4 #b1 ad #d74 ,!re=e nei!r 0 ,*ri/ 9 ,adam & ,abraham accord+ to some?+ signate2 &1 = ! same reason1 nei!r 0 ,he 9 ! o!r patri>*s4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #e1 ad #a71 ! matt] ( ,*ri/'s body 0 n ! fle% & bones ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 nor any?+ t 0 actually a "p ( h] body1 b h] blood :i* 0 h] fle% pot5tially4 ,n[1 :atev] 0 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg91 z receiv$ f h] p>5ts1 0 actually a "p ( h] body4 ,consequ5tly t :i* ! ,bless$ ,virg9 receiv$ f h] p>5ts 0 n ! matt] ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,!re=e we mu/ say t ,*ri/'s body 0 n 9 ,adam & ! o!r patri>*s accord+ to some?+ signate1 9 ! s5se t "s "p ( ,adam's or ( anyone else's body c\ld be s+l$ out & designat$ z ! v matt] f :i* ,*ri/'s body 0 to be =m$3 b x 0 !re accord+ to orig91 j z 0 ! fle% ( o!r m54 ,= ,*ri/'s body is relat$ to ,adam & ! o!r patri>*s ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,8 ,"m's body4 ,consequ5tly ,*ri/'s body 0 9 ! patri>*s1 9 no o!r way ?an 0 ,8 ,"m's body1 :i* 0 n 9 ! patri>*s accord+ to signate matt]3 z nei!r 7 ! bodies ( o!r m51 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #aai1 ,a4 #a1 ,a4 #b1 ad #d74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! expression ,*ri/ 0 9 ,adam accord+ to bodily sub/ance1 does n mean t ,*ri/'s body 0 a bodily sub/ance 9 ,adam3 b t ! bodily sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body1 i4e4 ! matt] :i* ,he took f ! ,virg91 0 9 ,adam z 9 its active pr9ciple1 b n z 9 its mat]ial pr9ciple3 9 o!r words1 by ! g5]ative p[] ( ,adam & 8 desc5dants d[n to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ?is matt] 0 prep>$ = ,*ri/'s conception4 ,b ?is matt] 0 n fa%ion$ into ,*ri/'s body by ! sem9al p[] d]iv$ f ,adam4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is said to h be5 9 ,adam by way ( orig91 accord+ to bodily sub/ance3 b n accord+ to sem9al virtue4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/'s body 0 n 9 ,adam & ! o!r patri>*s1 accord+ to sem9al virtue1 yet ! ,bless$ ,virg9's body 0 ?us 9 !m1 ?r\gh h] be+ conceiv$ f ! se$ ( a man4 ,= ?is reason1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,*ri/ is said to be ( ! se$ ( ,david1 accord+ to ! fle%1 by way ( orig94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ & ! human race are k9dr$1 ?r\gh ! lik5ess ( species4 ,n[1 specific lik5ess results n f remote b f proximate matt]1 & f ! active pr9ciple :i* begets its l 9 species4 ,?us1 !n1 ! k9%ip ( ,*ri/ & ! human race is suffici5tly pres]v$ by ,8 body be+ =m$ f ! ,virg9's blood1 d]iv$ 9 its orig9 f ,adam & ! o!r patri>*s4 ,nor is ?is k9%ip affect$ by ! matt] :5ce ?is blood is tak51 z nei!r is x 9 ! g5]ation ( o!r m51 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #aai1 ,a4 #b1 ad #c74 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ca1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,fle% 9 ! ,patri>*s ,0 ,infect$ by ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s fle% 0 n infect$ by s9 9 ! patri>*s4 ,= x is writt5 7,wis4 #g3be7 t no defil$ ?+ come? into ,div9e ,wisdom4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! ,wisdom ( ,god accord+ to #a ,cor4 #a3bd4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s fle% 0 nev] defil$ by s94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii7 t ,*ri/ assum$ ! fir/-fruits ( our nature4 ,b 9 ! primitive /ate human fle% 0 n infect$ by s94 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s fle% 0 n infect$ ei!r 9 ,adam or 9 ! o!r patri>*s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 x7 t human nature ev] _h1 toge!r ) ! w\nd1 ! balm ) :i* to heal x4 ,b t :i* is infect$ _c heal a w\nd2 r does x ne$ to be heal$ itself4 ,!re=e 9 human nature !re 0 ev] some?+ pres]v$ f infection1 f :i* aft]w>ds ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/'s body is n relat$ to ,adam & ! o!r patri>*s1 save ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9's body1 ( :om ,he took fle%4 ,b ! body ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 :olly conceiv$ 9 orig9al s91 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #c1 ad #a71 & ?us1 z f> z x 0 9 ! patri>*s1 x 0 subject to s94 ,!re=e ! fle% ( ,*ri/1 z f> z x 0 9 ! patri>*s1 0 subject to s94 ,i answ] t1 ,:5 we say t ,*ri/ or ,8 fle% 0 9 ,adam & ! o!r patri>*s1 we comp>e ,him1 or ,8 fle%1 to ,adam & ! o!r patri>*s4 ,n[1 x is manife/ t ! condition ( ! patri>*s diff]$ f t ( ,*ri/3 = ! patri>*s 7 subject to s91 :]eas ,*ri/ 0 absolutely free f s94 ,consequ5tly a tw(old error may occur on ?is po9t4 ,fir/1 by attribut+ to ,*ri/1 or to ,8 fle%1 t condition :i* 0 9 ! patri>*s2 by say+1 = in/ance1 t ,*ri/ s9n$ 9 ,adam1 s9ce aft] "s fa%ion ,he 0 9 him4 ,b ?is is false2 because ,*ri/ 0 n 9 ,adam 9 su* a way t ,adam's s9 belong$ to ,*ri/3 =asmu* z ,he is n desc5d$ f him accord+ to ! law ( concupisc5ce1 or accord+ to sem9al virtue2 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c1 ,a4 #f1 ad #a2 ,q4 #ae1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b74 ,secondly1 error may occur by attribut+ ! condition ( ,*ri/ or ( ,8 fle% to t :i* 0 actually 9 ! patri>*s3 by say+1 = in/ance1 t1 because ,*ri/'s fle%1 z exi/+ 9 ,*ri/1 0 n subject to s91 !re=e 9 ,adam also & 9 ! patri>*s !re 0 "s "p ( 8 body t 0 n subject to s91 & f :i* aft]w>ds ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$2 z "s inde$ held4 ,= ?is is q impossible4 ,fir/1 because ,*ri/'s fle% 0 n 9 ,adam & 9 ! o!r patri>*s1 accord+ to some?+ signate1 di/+ui%able f ! re/ ( 8 fle%1 z pure f impure2 z already /at$ 7,a4 #f74 ,secondly1 because s9ce human fle% is infect$ by s91 ?r\gh be+ conceiv$ 9 lu/1 j z ! entire fle% ( a man is conceiv$ ?r\gh lu/1 s also is x entirely defil$ by s94 ,consequ5tly we mu/ say t ! entire fle% ( ! patri>*s 0 subject$ to s91 nor 0 !re any?+ 9 !m t 0 free f s91 & f :i* aft]w>ds ,*ri/'s body c\ld be =m$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ did n assume ! fle% ( ! human race subject to s91 b cleans$ f all infection ( s94 ,?us x is t no defil$ ?+ come? into ! ,wisdom ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ is said to h assum$ ! fir/-fruits ( our nature1 z to ! lik5ess ( condition2 =asmu* z ,he assum$ fle% n infect$ by s91 l unto ! fle% ( man be=e s94 ,b ?is is n to be und]/ood to imply a cont9uation ( t primitive purity1 z ?\gh ! fle% ( innoc5t man 0 pres]v$ 9 its fre$om f s9 until ! =mation ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,be=e ,*ri/1 !re 0 actually 9 human nature a w\nd1 i4e4 ! infection ( orig9al s94 ,b ! balm to heal ! w\nd 0 n !re actually1 b only by a c]ta9 virtue ( orig91 =asmu* z f ^? patri>*s ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 to be propagat$4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ca1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,paid ,ti!s 9 ,abraham's ,lo9s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ paid ti!s 9 ,abraham's lo9s4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #g3f-i7 t ,levi1 ! great-gr&son ( ,abraham1 paid ti!s 9 ,abraham1 because1 :5 ! latt] paid ti!s to ,mel*is$e*1 he 0 yet 9 8 lo9s4 ,9 l mann] ,*ri/ 0 9 ,abraham's lo9s :5 ! latt] paid ti!s4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ ,himself also paid ti!s 9 ,abraham4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is ( ! se$ ( ,abraham accord+ to ! fle% :i* ,he receiv$ f ,8 ,"m4 ,b ,8 ,"m paid ti!s 9 ,abraham4 ,!re=e = a l reason did ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ,abraham ti! 0 levi$ on t :i* ne$$ heal+1 z ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 x74 ,b all fle% subject to s9 ne$$ heal+4 ,s9ce !re=e ,*ri/'s fle% 0 ! subject ( s91 z /at$ above 7,a4 #g71 x seems t ,*ri/'s fle% paid ti!s 9 ,abraham4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ?is does n seem to be at all d]ogatory to ,*ri/'s dignity4 ,= ! fact t ! fa!r ( a bi%op pays ti!s to a prie/ does n h9d] 8 son1 ! bi%op1 f be+ ( high] rank ?an an ord9>y prie/4 ,consequ5tly1 al?\gh we may say t ,*ri/ paid ti!s :5 ,abraham paid !m to ,mel*is$e*1 x does n foll[ t ,*ri/ 0 n great] ?an ,mel*is$e*4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 x7 t ,*ri/ did n pay ti!s !re1 i4e4 9 ,abraham1 = ,8 fle% d]iv$ f him1 n ! heat ( ! w\nd1 b ! matt] ( ! antidote4 ,i answ] t1 ,x behooves u to say t ! s5se ( ! passage quot$ f ! ,apo/le is t ,*ri/ did n pay ti!s 9 ,abraham4 ,= ! ,apo/le proves t ! prie/hood accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e* is great] ?an ! ,levitical prie/hood1 f ! fact t ,abraham paid ti!s to ,mel*is$e*1 :ile ,levi1 f :om ! legal prie/hood 0 d]iv$1 0 yet 9 8 lo9s4 ,n[1 if ,*ri/ _h also paid ti!s 9 ,abraham1 ,8 prie/hood w\ld n h be5 accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*1 b ( a l[] ord]4 ,consequ5tly we mu/ say t ,*ri/ did n pay ti!s 9 ,abraham's lo9s1 z ,levi did4 ,= s9ce he :o pays a ti! keeps n9e p>ts to himself1 & surr5d]s ! t5? to ano!r1 inasmu* z ! numb] t5 is ! sign ( p]fection1 z be+1 9 a sort1 ! t]m9us ( all numb]s :i* m\nt f "o to t51 x foll[s t he :o pays a ti! be>s witness to 8 own imp]fection & to ! p]fection ( ano!r4 ,n[1 to s9 is due ! imp]fection ( ! human race1 :i* ne$s to be p]fect$ by ,him :o cleanses f s94 ,b to heal f s9 belongs to ,*ri/ alone1 = ,he is ! ,lamb t take? away ! s9 ( ! _w 7,john #a3bi71 ^: figure 0 ,mel*is$e*1 z ! ,apo/le proves 7,heb4 #g74 ,!re=e by giv+ ti!s to ,mel*is$e*1 ,abraham =e%ad[$ t he1 z be+ conceiv$ 9 s91 & all :o 7 to be 8 desc5dants 9 contract+ orig9al s91 ne$$ t heal+ :i* is ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,& ,isaac1 ,jacob1 & ,levi1 & all ! o!rs 7 9 ,abraham 9 su* a way s z to be desc5d$ f him1 n only z to bodily sub/ance1 b also z to sem9al virtue1 by :i* orig9al s9 is transmitt$4 ,consequ5tly1 !y all paid ti!s 9 ,abraham1 i4e4 =e%ad[$ z ne$+ to be heal$ by ,*ri/4 ,& ,*ri/ alone 0 9 ,abraham 9 su* a mann] z to desc5d f him1 n by sem9al virtue1 b accord+ to bodily sub/ance4 ,!re=e ,he 0 n 9 ,abraham s z to ne$ to be heal$1 b r z ! balm ) :i* ! w\nd 0 to be heal$4 ,!re=e ,he did n pay ti!s 9 ,abraham's lo9s4 ,?us ! answ] to ! fir/ objection is made manife/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,because ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 conceiv$ 9 orig9al s91 %e 0 9 ,abraham z ne$+ to be heal$4 ,!re=e %e paid ti!s 9 him1 z desc5d+ f him accord+ to sem9al virtue4 ,b ?is is n true ( ,*ri/'s body1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s fle% is said to h be5 subject to s91 accord+ z x 0 9 ! patri>*s1 by reason ( ! condition 9 :i* x 0 9 ,8 =efa!rs1 :o paid ! ti!s3 b n by reason ( its condition z actually 9 ,*ri/1 :o did n pay ! ti!s4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! levitical prie/hood 0 h&$ d[n ?r\gh c>nal orig93 :]e=e x 0 n less 9 ,abraham ?an 9 ,levi4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce ,abraham paid ti!s to ,mel*is$e* z to "o great] ?an he1 x foll[s t ! prie/hood ( ,mel*is$e*1 inasmu* z he 0 a figure ( ,*ri/1 0 great] ?an t ( ,levi4 ,b ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ does n result f c>nal orig91 b f spiritual grace4 ,!re=e x is possible t a fa!r pay ti!s to a prie/1 z ! less to ! great]1 & yet 8 son1 if he be a bi%op1 is great] ?an t prie/1 n ?r\gh c>nal orig91 b ?r\gh ! spiritual grace :i* he has receiv$ f ,*ri/4 ,,"q #cb ,,( ,,! ,,active ,,pr9ciple ,,9 ,,*ri/',s ,,conception 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we %all n[ consid] ! active pr9ciple 9 ,*ri/'s conception3 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! active pr9ciple ( ,*ri/'s conception8 7#b7 ,:e!r x c be said t ,*ri/ 0 conceiv$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/8 7#c7 ,:e!r x c be said t ! ,holy ,gho/ is ,*ri/'s fa!r accord+ to ! fle%8 7#d7 ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg9 coop]at$ actively 9 ,*ri/'s conception8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cb1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,accompli%m5t ( ,*ri/'s ,conception ,%\ld ,be ,attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! accompli%m5t ( ,*ri/'s conception %\ld n be attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/1 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i71 ,! works ( ! ,tr9ity are indivisible1 j z ! ,ess5ce ( ! ,tr9ity is indivisible4 ,b ! accompli%m5t ( ,*ri/'s conception 0 ! "w ( ,god4 ,!re=e x seems t x %\ld n be attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/ any m ?an to ! ,fa!r or ! ,son4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7,gal4 #d3d73 ,:5 ! fulness ( "t 0 come1 ,god s5t ,8 ,son1 made ( a woman2 :i* words ,augu/9e exp\nds by say+ 7,de ,tr94 iv73 ,s5t1 9 s f> z made ( a woman4 ,b ! s5d+ ( ! ,son is especially attribut$ to ! ,fa!r1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #dc1 ,a4 #h74 ,!re=e ,8 conception also1 by reason ( :i* ,he 0 made ( a woman1 %\ld be attribut$ pr9cipally to ! ,fa!r4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,prov4 #i3a73 ,wisdom ha? built h]self a h\se4 ,n[1 ,*ri/ is ,himself ! ,wisdom ( ,god2 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #a3bd3 ,*ri/ ! ,p[] ( ,god & ! ,wisdom ( ,god4 ,& ! h\se ( ?is ,wisdom is ,*ri/'s body1 :i* is also call$ ,8 temple1 accord+ to ,john #b3ba3 ,b ,he spoke ( ! temple ( ,8 body4 ,!re=e x seems t ! accompli%m5t ( ,*ri/'s conception %\ld be attribut$ pr9cipally to ! ,son1 & n1 !re=e1 to ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #a3ce73 ,! ,holy ,gho/ %all come ^u ,!e4 ,i answ] t1 ,! :ole ,tr9ity effect$ ! conception ( ,*ri/'s body3 nev]!less1 ?is is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/1 = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 because ?is is befitt+ to ! cause ( ! ,inc>nation1 consid]$ on ! "p ( ,god4 ,= ! ,holy ,gho/ is ! love ( ,fa!r & ,son1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #cg1 ,a4 #a74 ,n[1 t ! ,son ( ,god took to ,himself fle% f ! ,virg9's womb 0 due to ! exce$+ love ( ,god3 :]e=e x is said 7,john #c3af73 ,god s lov$ ! _w z to give ,8 only-begott5 ,son4 ,secondly1 ?is is befitt+ to ! cause ( ! ,inc>nation1 on ! "p ( ! nature assum$4 ,because we are ?us giv5 to und]/& t human nature 0 assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god into ! unity ( ,p]son1 n by reason ( its m]its1 b ?r\gh grace alone2 :i* is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ab3d3 ,!re are div]sities ( graces1 b ! same ,_s4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xl73 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,*ri/ 0 born ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 4 4 4 sugge/s to u ! grace ( ,god1 :]eby man1 )\t any m]its go+ be=e1 9 ! v beg9n+ ( 8 nature :5 he began to exi/ 0 jo9$ to ,god ! ,^w1 into s great unity ( ,p]son1 t ,he ,himself %\ld be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,?irdly1 because ?is is befitt+ ! t]m ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,= ! t]m ( ! ,inc>nation 0 t t man1 :o 0 be+ conceiv$1 %\ld be ! ,holy "o & ! ,son ( ,god4 ,n[1 bo? ( ^! are attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= by ,him m5 are made to be sons ( ,god1 accord+ to ,gal4 #d3f3 ,because y are sons1 ,god ha? s5t ! ,_s ( ,8 ,son into y\r ,vulg43 'our' he>ts1 cry+3 ,abba1 ,fa!r4 ,aga91 ,he is ! ,_s ( sanctification1 accord+ to ,rom4 #a3d4 ,!re=e1 j z o!r m5 are sanctifi$ spiritually by ! ,holy ,gho/2 s z to be ! adopt$ sons ( ,god1 s 0 ,*ri/ conceiv$ 9 sanctity by ! ,holy ,gho/1 s z to be ! natural ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce1 accord+ to a gloss on ,rom4 #a3d1 ! words1 ,:o 0 pr$e/9at$ ! ,son ( ,god1 9 p[]1 are expla9$ by :at imm$iately foll[s3 ,accord+ to ! ,_s ( sanctification1 i4e4 ?r\gh be+ conceiv$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& ! ,angel ( ! ,annunciation himself1 aft] say+1 ,! ,holy ,gho/ %all come ^u !e1 draws ! conclusion3 ,!re=e also ! ,holy :i* %all be born ( !e %all be call$ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! "w ( ! conception is inde$ common to ! :ole ,tr9ity2 yet 9 "s way x is attribut$ to ea* ( ! ,p]sons4 ,= to ! ,fa!r is attribut$ au?ority 9 reg>d to ! ,p]son ( ! ,son1 :o by ?is conception took to ,himself 7human nature74 ,! tak+ itself 7( human nature7 is attribut$ to ! ,son3 b ! =mation ( ! body tak5 by ! ,son is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= ! ,holy ,gho/ is ! ,_s ( ! ,son1 accord+ to ,gal4 #d3f3 ,god s5t ! ,_s ( ,8 ,son4 ,= j z ! p[] ( ! s\l :i* is 9 ! sem51 ?r\gh ! _s enclos$ !re91 fa%ions ! body 9 ! g5]ation ( o!r m51 s ! ,p[] ( ,god1 :i* is ! ,son ,himself1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #a3bd3 ,*ri/1 ! ,p[] ( ,god1 ?r\gh ! ,holy ,gho/ =m$ ! body :i* ,he assum$4 ,?is is also %[n by ! words ( ! angel3 ,! ,holy ,gho/ %all come ^u !e1 z x 71 9 ord] to prep>e & fa%ion ! matt] ( ,*ri/'s body2 & ! ,p[] ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 %all ov]%ad[ !e--t is to say1 ! incorporeal ,light ( ! ,godhead %all 9 !e take ! corporeal sub/ance ( human nature3 = a %ad[ is =m$ by light & body1 z ,gregory says 7,moral4 xviii74 ,! ,mo/ ,high is ! ,fa!r1 ^: ,p[] is ! ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! mission ref]s to ! ,p]son assum+1 :o is s5t by ! ,fa!r2 b ! conception ref]s to ! body assum$1 :i* is =m$ by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& !re=e1 ?\gh mission & conception are 9 ! same subject2 s9ce !y diff] 9 our consid]ation ( !m1 mission is attribut$ to ! ,fa!r1 b ! accompli%m5t ( ! conception to ! ,holy ,gho/2 :]eas ! assumption ( fle% is attribut$ to ! ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/41 qu4 #eb73 ,?is may be und]/ood 9 two ways4 ,=1 fir/1 ,*ri/'s h\se is ! ,*ur*1 :i* ,he built ) ,8 blood4 ,secondly1 ,8 body may be call$ ,8 h\se1 j z x is call$ ,8 temple 4 4 4 & :at is done by ! ,holy ,gho/ is done by ! ,son ( ,god1 because ,!irs is "o ,nature & "o ,w4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cb1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,%\ld ,be ,said ,t ,*ri/ ,0 ,conceiv$ ( 7de7 ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t we %\ld n say t ,*ri/ 0 conceiv$ ( 7de7 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,because on ,rom4 #aa3cf3 ,= ( ,him 7ex ipso7 & by ,him1 & 9 ,him1 are all ?+s1 ! gloss ( ,augu/9e says3 ,notice t he does n say1 '( ,him' 7de ipso71 b '( ,him' 7ex ipso74 ,= ( ,him 7ex ipso71 are heav5 & e>?1 s9ce ,he made !m3 b n ( ,him de ipso1 s9ce !y are n made ( ,8 sub/ance4 ,b ! ,holy ,gho/ did n =m ,*ri/'s body ( 7de7 ,8 own sub/ance4 ,!re=e we %\ld n say t ,*ri/ 0 conceiv$ ( 7de7 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! active pr9ciple ( 7de7 :i* some?+ is conceiv$ is z ! se$ 9 g5]ation4 ,b ! ,holy ,gho/ did n take ! place ( se$ 9 ,*ri/'s conception4 ,= ,j]ome says 7,expos4 ,ca?ol4 ,fidei7 99,writt5 by ,pelagius3 ,we d n say1 z "s wick$ wret*es hold1 t ! ,holy ,gho/ took ! place ( se$3 b we say t ,*ri/'s body 0 wr\ght1 i4e4 =m$1 by ! p[] & might ( ! ,creator4 ,!re=e we %\ld n say t ,*ri/'s body 0 conceiv$ ( 7de7 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no "o ?+ is made ( two1 except !y be 9 "s way m+l$4 ,b ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$ ( 7de7 ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,if !re=e we say t ,*ri/ 0 conceiv$ ( 7de7 ! ,holy ,gho/1 x seems t a m+l+ took place ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ) ! matt] suppli$ by ! ,virg93 & ?is is cle>ly false4 ,!re=e we %\ld n say t ,*ri/ 0 conceiv$ ( 7de7 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #a3ah73 ,be=e !y came toge!r1 %e 0 f\nd ) *ild1 ( 7de7 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,i answ] t1 ,conception is n attribut$ to ,*ri/'s body alone1 b also to ,*ri/ ,himself by reason ( ,8 body4 ,n[1 9 ! ,holy ,gho/ we may obs]ve a tw(old habitude to ,*ri/4 ,= to ! ,son ( ,god ,himself1 :o is said to h be5 conceiv$1 ,he has a habitude ( consub/antiality3 :ile to ,8 body ,he has ! habitude ( effici5t cause4 ,& ?is preposition ( 7de7 signifies bo? habitudes3 ?us we say t a c]ta9 man is ( 7de7 8 fa!r4 ,& !re=e we c fitt+ly say t ,*ri/ 0 conceiv$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 su* a way t ! effici5cy ( ! ,holy ,gho/ be ref]r$ to ! body assum$1 & ! consub/antiality to ! ,p]son assum+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s body1 ?r\gh n be+ consub/antial ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 _c prop]ly be said to be conceiv$ ( 7de7 ! ,holy ,gho/1 b r f 7ex7 ! ,holy ,gho/1 z ,ambrose says 7,de ,spir4 ,sanct4 ii473 ,:at is f someone is ei!r f 8 sub/ance or f 8 p[]3 f 8 sub/ance1 z ! ,son :o is f ! ,fa!r2 f 8 p[]1 z all ?+s are f ,god1 j z ,m>y conceiv$ f ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x seems t on ?is po9t !re is a diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 ,j]ome & c]ta9 o!r ,doctors1 :o ass]t t ! ,holy ,gho/ took ! place ( se$ 9 ?is conception4 ,= ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 i 9 ,mat?4 99,opus ,imp]f41 among ! supposititi\s writ+s73 ,:5 ,god's ,only-,begott5 0 ab\t to ent] into ! ,virg91 ! ,holy ,gho/ prec$$ ,him2 t by ! previ\s entrance ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,*ri/ might be born unto sanctification accord+ to ,8 body1 ! ,godhead ent]+ in/ead ( ! se$4 ,& ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,god's wisdom & p[] ov]%ad[$ h]1 l unto a ,div9e se$4 ,b ^! expressions are easily expla9$4 ,because ,*ryso/om & ,damasc5e comp>e ! ,holy ,gho/1 or also ! ,son1 :o is ! ,p[] ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 to se$1 by reason ( ! active p[] !re92 :ile ,j]ome d5ies t ! ,holy ,gho/ took ! place ( se$1 consid]$ z a corporeal sub/ance :i* is trans=m$ 9 conception4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xl71 ,*ri/ is said to be conceiv$ or born ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 "o s5se2 ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y 9 ano!r--( ! ,virg9 ,m>y mat]ially2 ( ! ,holy ,gho/ effici5tly4 ,!re=e !re 0 no m+l+ "h4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cb1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,holy ,gho/ ,%\ld ,be ,call$ ,*ri/'s ,fa!r 9 ,respect ( ,8 ,humanity8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld be call$ ,*ri/'s fa!r 9 respect ( ,8 humanity4 ,because1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,g5]4 ,animal4 i73 ,! ,fa!r is ! active pr9ciple 9 g5]ation1 ! ,"m supplies ! matt]4 ,b ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is call$ ,*ri/'s ,"m1 by reason ( ! matt] :i* %e suppli$ 9 ,8 conception4 ,!re=e x seems t ! ,holy ,gho/ c be call$ ,8 fa!r1 ?r\gh be+ ! active pr9ciple 9 ,8 conception4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ! m9ds ( o!r holy m5 are fa%ion$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 s also 0 ,*ri/'s body fa%ion$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b o!r holy m51 on acc\nt ( ! a=esaid fa%ion+1 are call$ ! *ildr5 ( ! :ole ,tr9ity1 & consequ5tly ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld be call$ ! ,son ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 =asmu* z ,8 body 0 fa%ion$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,god is call$ our ,fa!r by reason ( ,8 hav+ made u1 accord+ to ,deut4 #cb3f3 ,is n ,he ?y ,fa!r1 t ha? possess$ !e1 & made !e & creat$ !e8 ,b ! ,holy ,gho/ made ,*ri/'s body1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,!re=e ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld be call$ ,*ri/'s ,fa!r 9 respect ( ! body fa%ion$ by ,him4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xl73 ,*ri/ 0 born ( ! ,holy ,gho/ n z a ,son1 & ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y z a ,son4 ,i answ] t1 ,! words fa!rhood1 mo!rhood1 & son%ip1 result f g5]ation2 yet n f any g5]ation1 b f t ( liv+ ?+s1 especially animals4 ,= we d n say t fire g5]at$ is ! son ( ! fire g5]at+ x1 except1 p]haps1 metaphorically2 we speak ?us only ( animals 9 :om g5]ation is m p]fect4 ,nev]!less1 ! ^w son is n appli$ to ev]y?+ g5]at$ 9 animals1 b only to t :i* is g5]at$ into lik5ess ( ! g5]ator4 ,:]e=e1 z ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion xxxix71 we d n say t a hair :i* is g5]at$ 9 a man is 8 son2 nor d we say t a man :o is born is ! son ( ! se$2 = nei!r is ! hair l ! man nor is ! man born l ! se$1 b l ! man :o begot him4 ,& if ! lik5ess be p]fect1 ! son%ip is p]fect1 :e!r 9 ,god or 9 man4 ,b if ! lik5ess be imp]fect1 ! son%ip is imp]fect4 ,?us 9 man !re is a c]ta9 imp]fect lik5ess to ,god1 bo? z reg>ds 8 be+ creat$ to ,god's image & z reg>ds ,8 be+ creat$ unto ! lik5ess ( grace4 ,!re=e 9 bo? ways man c be call$ ,8 son1 bo? because he is creat$ to ,8 image & because he is lik5$ to ,him by grace4 ,n[1 x mu/ be obs]v$ t :at is said 9 its p]fect s5se ( a ?+ %\ld n be said !re( 9 its imp]fect s5se3 ?us1 because ,socrates is said to be naturally a man1 9 ! prop] s5se ( man1 nev] is he call$ man 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! portrait ( a man is call$ a man1 al?\gh1 p]haps1 he may resemble ano!r man4 ,n[1 ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! p]fect s5se ( son%ip4 ,:]e=e1 al?\gh 9 ,8 human nature ,he 0 creat$ & ju/ifi$1 ,he ought n to be call$ ! ,son ( ,god1 ei!r 9 respect ( ,8 be+ creat$ or ( ,8 be+ ju/ifi$1 b only 9 respect ( ,8 et]nal g5]ation1 by reason ( :i* ,he is ! ,son ( ! ,fa!r alone4 ,!re=e n[ise %\ld ,*ri/ be call$ ! ,son ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 nor ev5 ( ! :ole ,tr9ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ 0 conceiv$ ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :o suppli$ ! matt] ( ,8 conception unto lik5ess ( species4 ,= ?is reason ,he is call$ h] ,son4 ,b z man ,he 0 conceiv$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z ! active pr9ciple ( ,8 conception1 b n unto lik5ess ( species1 z a man is born ( 8 fa!r4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n call$ ! ,son ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,m5 :o are fa%ion$ spiritually by ! ,holy ,gho/ _c be call$ sons ( ,god 9 ! p]fect s5se ( son%ip4 ,& !re=e !y are call$ sons ( ,god 9 respect ( imp]fect son%ip1 :i* is by reason ( ! lik5ess ( grace1 :i* fl[s f ! :ole ,tr9ity4 ,b ) ,*ri/ x is diff]5t1 z /at$ above4 ,! same reply avails = ! ,?ird ,objection4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cb1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,coop]at$ ,actively 9 ! ,conception ( ,*ri/'s ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 coop]at$ actively 9 ! conception ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii7 t ! ,holy ,gho/ came ^u ! ,virg91 purify+ h]1 & be/[+ on h] ! p[] to receive & to br+ =? ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,b %e _h f nature ! passive p[] ( g5]ation1 l any o!r woman4 ,!re=e ,he be/[$ on h] an active p[] ( g5]ation4 ,& ?us %e coop]at$ actively 9 ,*ri/'s conception4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 all ! p[]s ( ! vegetative s\l are active1 z ! ,comm5tator says 7,de ,anima ii74 ,b ! g5]ative p[]1 9 bo? man & woman1 belongs to ! vegetative s\l4 ,!re=e1 bo? 9 man & woman1 x coop]ates actively 9 ! conception ( ! *ild4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! conception ( a *ild ! woman supplies ! matt] f :i* ! *ild's body is naturally =m$4 ,b nature is an intr9sic pr9ciple ( movem5t4 ,!re=e x seems t 9 ! v matt] suppli$ by ! ,bless$ ,virg9 !re 0 an active pr9ciple4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! active pr9ciple 9 g5]ation is call$ ! sem9al virtue4 ,b1 z ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 x71 ,*ri/'s body 0 tak5 f ! ,virg91 only z to corporeal matt]1 by ! ,div9e p[] ( conception & =mation1 b n by any human sem9al virtue4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 did n coop]ate actively 91 ! conception ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s say t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 coop]at$ actively 9 ,*ri/'s conception1 bo? by natural & by a sup]natural p[]4 ,by natural p[]1 because !y hold t 9 all natural matt] !re is an active pr9ciple2 o!rwise !y believe t !re w\ld be no su* ?+ z natural trans=mation4 ,b 9 ?is !y are deceiv$4 ,because a trans=mation is said to be natural by reason n only ( an active b also ( a passive intr9sic pr9ciple3 = ! ,philosoph] says expressly 7,phys4 viii7 t 9 heavy & light ?+s !re is a passive1 & n an active1 pr9ciple ( natural movem5t4 ,nor is x possible = matt] to be active 9 its own =mation1 s9ce x is n 9 act4 ,nor1 aga91 is x possible = any?+ to put itself 9 motion except x be divid$ into two p>ts1 "o be+ ! mov]1 ! o!r be+ mov$3 :i* happ5s 9 animate ?+s only1 z is prov$ ,phys4 viii4 ,by a sup]natural p[]1 because !y say t ! "m requires n only to supply ! matt]1 :i* is ! m5/rual blood1 b also ! sem51 :i*1 be+ m+l$ ) t ( ! male1 has an active p[] 9 g5]ation4 ,& s9ce 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 !re 0 no resolution ( sem51 by reason ( h] inviolate virg9ity1 !y say t ! ,holy ,gho/ sup]naturally be/[$ on h] an active p[] 9 ! conception ( ,*ri/'s body1 :i* p[] o!r mo!rs h by reason ( ! sem5 resolv$4 ,b ?is _c /&1 because1 s9ce ea* ?+ is on acc\nt ( its op]ation 7,de ,coel4 ii71 nature w\ld n1 = ! purpose ( ! act ( g5]ation1 di/+ui% ! male & female sexes1 unless ! action ( ! male 7 di/9ct f t ( ! female4 ,n[1 9 g5]ation !re are two di/9ct op]ations--t ( ! ag5t & t ( ! pati5t4 ,:]e=e x foll[s t ! entire active op]ation is on ! "p ( ! male1 & ! passive on ! "p ( ! female4 ,= ?is reason 9 plants1 :]e bo? =ces are m+l$1 !re is no di/9ction ( male & female4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 n ,*ri/'s ,fa!r1 b ,8 ,"m1 x foll[s t x 0 n giv5 to h] to ex]cise an active p[] 9 ,8 conception3 :e!r to coop]ate actively s z to be ,8 ,fa!r1 or n to coop]ate at all1 z "s say4 ,:5ce x w\ld foll[ t ?is active p[] 0 be/[$ on h] to no purpose4 ,we mu/ !re=e say t 9 ,*ri/'s conception itself %e did n coop]ate actively1 b m]ely suppli$ ! matt] !re(4 ,nev]!less1 be=e ! conception %e coop]at$ actively 9 ! prep>ation ( ! matt] s t x %\ld be apt = ! conception4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is conception _h ?ree privileges--namely1 t x 0 )\t orig9al s92 t x 0 n t ( a man only1 b ( ,god & man2 & t x 0 a virg9al conception4 ,& all ?ree 7 effect$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e ,damasc5e says1 z to ! fir/1 t ! ,holy ,gho/ came ^u ! ,virg91 purify+ h]--t is1 pres]v+ h] f conceiv+ ) orig9al s94 ,z to ! second1 he says3 ,& be/[+ on h] ! p[] to receive1 i4e4 to conceive1 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,z to ! ?ird1 he says3 ,& to give bir? to ,him1 i4e4 t %e might1 :ile rema9+ a virg91 br+ ,him =?1 n actively1 b passively1 j z o!r mo!rs a*ieve ?is ?r\gh ! action ( ! male se$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! g5]ative p[] ( ! female is imp]fect comp>$ to t ( ! male4 ,&1 !re=e1 j z 9 ! arts ! inf]ior art gives a disposition to ! matt] to :i* ! high] art gives ! =m1 z is /at$ ,phys4 ii1 s also ! g5]ative p[] ( ! female prep>es ! matt]1 :i* is !n fa%ion$ by ! active p[] ( ! male4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ord] = a trans=mation to be natural1 !re is no ne$ = an active pr9ciple 9 matt]1 b only = a passive pr9ciple1 z /at$ above4 ,,"q #cc ,,( ,,! ,,mode ,,& ,,ord] ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,conception 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! mode & ord] ( ,*ri/'s conception1 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception8 7#b7 ,:e!r x 0 animat$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception8 7#c7 ,:e!r x 0 assum$ by ! ,^w 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception8 7#d7 ,:e!r ?is conception 0 natural or miracul\s8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cc1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,0 ,=m$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,in/ant ( ,its ,conception8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s body 0 n =m$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception4 ,= x is writt5 7,john #b3bj73 ,six-&-=ty ye>s 0 ?is ,temple 9 build+2 on :i* words ,augu/9e comm5ts z foll[s 7,de ,tr94 iv73 ,?is numb] applies manife/ly to ! p]fection ( our ,"l's body4 ,he says1 fur!r 7,,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #ef73 ,x is n )\t reason t ! ,temple1 :i* 0 a type ( ,8 body1 is said to h be5 =ty-six ye>s 9 build+3 s t z _m ye>s z x took to build ! ,temple1 9 s _m days 0 our ,"l's body p]fect$4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body 0 n p]fectly =m$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 !re 0 ne$ ( local movem5t = ! =mation ( ,*ri/'s body 9 ord] t ! pure/ blood ( ! ,virg9's body might be br\ght :]e g5]ation might aptly take place4 ,n[1 no body c be mov$ locally 9 an in/ant3 s9ce ! "t tak5 9 movem5t is divid$ accord+ to ! division ( ! ?+ mov$1 z is prov$ ,phys4 vi4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body 0 n =m$ 9 an in/ant4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$ ( ! pure/ blood ( ! ,virg91 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ca1 ,a4 #e74 ,b t matt] c\ld n be 9 ! same in/ant bo? blood & fle%1 because ?us matt] w\ld h be5 at ! same "t ! subject ( two =ms4 ,!re=e ! la/ in/ant 9 :i* x 0 blood 0 di/9ct f ! fir/ in/ant 9 :i* x 0 fle%4 ,b betwe5 any two in/ants !re is an int]val ( "t4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body 0 n =m$ 9 an in/ant1 b dur+ a space ( "t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 z ! augm5tative p[] requires a fix$ "t = its act1 s also does ! g5]ative p[]3 = bo? are natural p[]s belong+ to ! vegetative s\l4 ,b ,*ri/'s body took a fix$ "t to gr[1 l ! bodies ( o!r m53 = x is writt5 7,luke #b3eb7 t ,he advanc$ 9 wisdom & age4 ,!re=e x seems = ! same reason t ! =mation ( ,8 body1 s9ce t1 too1 belongs to ! g5]ative p[]1 0 n in/antane\s1 b took a fix$ "t1 l ! bodies ( o!r m54 ,on ! contr>y1 ,gregory says 7,moral4 xviii73 ,z soon z ! angel ann\nc$ x1 z soon z ! ,_s came d[n1 ! ,^w 0 9 ! womb1 )9 ! womb ! ,^w 0 made fle%4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! conception ( ,*ri/'s body ?ree po9ts may be consid]$3 fir/1 ! local movem5t ( ! blood to ! place ( g5]ation2 secondly1 ! =mation ( ! body f t matt]2 ?irdly1 ! developm5t :]eby x 0 br\ght to p]fection ( quantity4 ,( ^!1 ! second is ! conception itself2 ! fir/ is a preamble2 ! ?ird1 a result ( ! conception4 ,n[1 ! fir/ c\ld n be in/antane\s3 s9ce ?is w\ld be contr>y to ! v nature ( ! local movem5t ( any body :atev]1 ! p>ts ( :i* come into a place successively4 ,! ?ird also requires a succession ( "t3 bo? because !re is no increase )\t local movem5t1 & because increase is effect$ by ! p[] ( ! s\l already in=m+ ! body1 ! op]ation ( :i* p[] is subject to "t4 ,b ! body's v =mation1 9 :i* conception pr9cipally consi/s1 0 in/antane\s1 = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because ( ! inf9ite p[] ( ! ag5t1 viz4 ! ,holy ,gho/1 by :om ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #a74 ,= ! great] ! p[] ( an ag5t1 ! m quickly c x dispose matt]2 &1 consequ5tly1 an ag5t ( inf9ite p[] c dispose matt] in/antane\sly to its due =m4 ,secondly1 on ! "p ( ! ,p]son ( ! ,son1 ^: body 0 be+ =m$4 ,= x 0 unbecom+ t ,he %\ld take to ,himself a body z yet un=m$4 ,:ile1 if ! conception _h be5 go+ on = any "t be=e ! p]fect =mation ( ! body1 ! :ole conception c\ld n be attribut$ to ! ,son ( ,god1 s9ce x is n attribut$ to ,him except by reason ( ! assumption ( t body4 ,!re=e 9 ! fir/ in/ant 9 :i* ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! matt] 7 unit$ toge!r 9 ! place ( g5]ation1 ,*ri/'s body 0 bo? p]fectly =m$ & assum$4 ,& ?us is ! ,son ( ,god said to h be5 conceiv$2 nor c\ld x be said o!rwise4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,nei!r quotation f ,augu/9e ref]s to =mation alone ( ,*ri/'s body1 b to its =mation1 toge!r ) a fix$ developm5t up to ! "t ( ,8 bir?4 ,:]e=e 9 ! a=esaid numb] are =e%ad[$ ! numb] ( mon?s dur+ :i* ,*ri/ 0 9 ! ,virg9's womb4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is local movem5t is n compris$ )9 ! conception itself1 b is a preamble !reto4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is n possible to fix ! la/ in/ant 9 :i* t matt] 0 blood3 b x is possible to fix ! la/ p]iod ( "t :i* cont9u$ )\t any int]val up to ! fir/ in/ant 9 :i* ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$4 ,& ?is in/ant 0 ! t]m9us ( ! "t occupi$ by ! local movem5t ( ! matt] t[>ds ! place ( g5]ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,increase is caus$ by ! augm5tative p[] ( t :i* is ! subject ( increase3 b ! =mation ( ! body is caus$ by ! g5]ative p[]1 n ( t :i* is g5]at$1 b ( ! fa!r g5]at+ f se$1 9 :i* ! =mative p[] d]iv$ f ! fa!r's s\l has its op]ation4 ,b ,*ri/'s body 0 n =m$ by ! se$ ( man1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ca1 ,a4 #e1 ad #c71 b by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e ! =mation !re( %\ld be su* z to be wor?y ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b ! developm5t ( ,*ri/'s body 0 ! effect ( ! augm5tative p[] 9 ,*ri/'s s\l3 & s9ce ?is 0 ( ! same species z ours1 x behoov$ ,8 body to develop 9 ! same way z ! bodies ( o!r m51 s z to prove ! reality ( ,8 human nature4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cc1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,0 ,animat$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,in/ant ( ,its ,conception8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s body 0 n animat$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception4 ,= ,pope ,leo says 7,ep4 ad ,julian473 ,*ri/'s fle% 0 n ( ano!r nature ?an ours3 nor 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,8 animation diff]5t f t ( o!r m54 ,b ! s\l is n infus$ into o!r m5 at ! fir/ in/ant ( _! conception4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld ,*ri/'s s\l h be5 infus$ into ,8 body 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l1 l any natural =m1 requires det]m9ate quantity 9 its matt]4 ,b 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception ,*ri/'s body 0 n ( ! same quantity z ! bodies ( o!r m5 :5 !y are animat$3 o!rwise1 if aft]w>ds its developm5t _h be5 cont9u\s1 ei!r its bir? w\ld h occurr$ soon]1 or at ! "t ( bir? ,he w\ld h be5 a bigg] *ild ?an o!rs4 ,! =m] alt]native is contr>y to :at ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv71 :]e he proves t ,*ri/ 0 9 ! ,virg9's womb = ! space ( n9e mon?s3 :ile ! latt] is contr>y to :at ,pope ,leo says 7,s]m4 iv 9 ,epiph473 ,!y f\nd ! *ild ,jesus n[ise diff]+ f ! g5]ality ( infants4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body 0 n animat$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :5ev] !re is be=e & aft] !re mu/ be sev]al in/ants4 ,b accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,g5]4 ,animal4 ii7 9 ! g5]ation ( a man !re mu/ ne$s be be=e & aft]3 = he is fir/ ( all a liv+ ?+1 & aft]w>ds1 an animal1 & aft] t1 a man4 ,!re=e ! animation ( ,*ri/ c\ld n be effect$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,at ! v in/ant t !re 0 fle%1 x 0 ! fle% ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 x 0 fle% animat$ ) a rational & intellectual s\l4 ,i answ] t1 ,= ! conception to be attribut$ to ! v ,son ( ,god1 z we confess 9 ! ,cre$1 :5 we say1 :o 0 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 we mu/ ne$s say t ! body itself1 9 be+ conceiv$1 0 assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,n[ x has be5 %[n above 7,q4 #f1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b7 t ! ,^w ( ,god assum$ ! body by means ( ! s\l1 & ! s\l by means ( ! _s1 i4e4 ! intellect4 ,:]e=e 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception ,*ri/'s body mu/ ne$s h be5 animat$ by ! rational s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! beg9n+ ( ! infusion ( ! s\l may be consid]$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 9 reg>d to ! disposition ( ! body4 ,& ?us1 ! beg9n+ ( ! infusion ( ! s\l into ,*ri/'s body 0 ! same z 9 o!r m5's bodies3 = j z ! s\l is infus$ into ano!r man's body z soon z x is =m$1 s 0 x ) ,*ri/4 ,secondly1 ?is beg9n+ may be consid]$ m]ely 9 reg>d to "t4 ,& ?us1 because ,*ri/'s body 0 p]fectly =m$ 9 a %ort] space ( "t1 s aft] a %ort] space ( "t 0 x animat$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! s\l requires due quantity 9 ! matt] into :i* x is infus$3 b ?is quantity all[s ( a c]ta9 latitude because x is n fix$ to a c]ta9 am\nt4 ,n[ ! quantity t a body has :5 ! s\l is fir/ infus$ into x is 9 proportion to ! p]fect quantity to :i* x w atta9 by developm5t3 t is to say1 m5 ( great] /ature h great] bodies at ! "t ( fir/ animation4 ,b ,*ri/ at ! p]fect age 0 ( becom+ & middle /ature3 9 proportion to :i* 0 ! quantity ( ,8 body at ! "t :5 o!r m5's bodies are animat$2 ?\gh x 0 less ?an !irs at ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,nev]!less t quantity 0 n too small to safegu>d ! nature ( an animat$ body2 s9ce x w\ld h suffic$ = ! animation ( a small man's body4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,:at ! ,philosoph] says is true 9 ! g5]ation ( o!r m51 because ! body is successively =m$ & dispos$ = ! s\l3 :5ce1 fir/1 z be+ imp]fectly dispos$1 x receives an imp]fect s\l2 & aft]w>ds1 :5 x is p]fectly dispos$1 x receives a p]fect s\l4 ,b ,*ri/'s body1 on acc\nt ( ! inf9ite p[] ( ! ag5t1 0 p]fectly dispos$ in/antane\sly4 ,:]e=e1 at once & 9 ! fir/ in/ant x receiv$ a p]fect =m1 t is1 ! rational s\l4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cc1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,fle% ,0 ,fir/ ( ,all ,conceiv$ & ,aft]w>ds ,assum$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s fle% 0 fir/ ( all conceiv$1 & aft]w>ds assum$4 ,because :at is n _c be assum$4 ,b ,*ri/'s fle% began to exi/ :5 x 0 conceiv$4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god aft] x 0 conceiv$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s fle% 0 assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god1 by means ( ! rational s\l4 ,b x receiv$ ! rational s\l at ! t]m ( ! conception4 ,!re=e x 0 assum$ at ! t]m ( ! conception4 ,b at ! t]m ( ! conception x 0 already conceiv$4 ,!re=e x 0 fir/ ( all conceiv$ & aft]w>ds assum$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ev]y?+ g5]at$1 t :i* is imp]fect prec$es 9 "t t :i* is p]fect3 :i* is made cle> by ! ,philosoph] 7,metaph4 ix74 ,b ,*ri/'s body is some?+ g5]at$4 ,!re=e x did n atta9 to its ultimate p]fection1 :i* consi/$ 9 ! union ) ! ,^w ( ,god1 at ! fir/ in/ant ( its conception2 b1 fir/ ( all1 ! fle% 0 conceiv$ & aft]w>ds assum$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,fide ad ,petrum xviii 99,writt5 by ,fulg5tius73 ,hold /eadfa/ly1 & d\bt n = a mom5t t ,*ri/'s fle% 0 n conceiv$ 9 ! ,virg9's womb1 be=e be+ assum$ by ! ,^w4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above1 we may say prop]ly t ,god 0 made man1 b n t man 0 made ,god3 because ,god took to ,himself t :i* belongs to man--& t :i* belongs to man did n pre-exi/1 z subsi/+ 9 itself1 be=e be+ assum$ by ! ,^w4 ,b if ,*ri/'s fle% _h be5 conceiv$ be=e be+ assum$ by ! ,^w1 x w\ld h _h at "s "t an hypo/asis o!r ?an t ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,& ?is is aga9/ ! v nature ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i* we hold to consi/ 9 ?is1 t ! ,^w ( ,god 0 unit$ to human nature & to all its p>ts 9 ! unity ( hypo/asis3 nor 0 x becom+ t ! ,^w ( ,god %\ld1 by assum+ human nature1 de/roy a pre-exi/+ hypo/asis ( human nature or ( any "p !re(4 ,x is consequ5tly contr>y to fai? to ass]t t ,*ri/'s fle% 0 fir/ ( all conceiv$ & aft]w>ds assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,if ,*ri/'s fle% _h be5 =m$ or conceiv$1 n in/antane\sly1 b successively1 "o ( two ?+s w\ld foll[3 ei!r t :at 0 assum$ 0 n yet fle%1 or t ! fle% 0 conceiv$ be=e x 0 assum$4 ,b s9ce we hold t ! conception 0 effect$ in/antane\sly1 x foll[s t 9 t fle% ! beg9n+ & ! completion ( its conception 7 9 ! same in/ant4 ,s t1 z ,augu/9e 99,fulg5tius1 ,de ,fide ad ,petrum xviii says3 ,we say t ! v ,^w ( ,god 0 conceiv$ 9 tak+ fle%1 & t ,8 v fle% 0 conceiv$ by ! ,^w tak+ fle%4 ,f ! above ! reply to ! ,second ,objection is cle>4 ,= 9 ! same mom5t t ?is fle% began to be conceiv$1 its conception & animation 7 complet$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation is n to be look$ ^u z an asc5t1 z x 71 ( a man already exi/+ & m\nt+ up to ! dignity ( ! ,union3 z ! h]etic ,phot9us ma9ta9$4 ,r is x to be consid]$ z a desc5t1 by reason ( ! p]fect ,^w ( ,god tak+ unto ,himself ! imp]fection ( our nature2 accord+ to ,john #f3ch3 ,i came d[n f heav54 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cc1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,conception ,0 ,natural8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s conception 0 natural4 ,= ,*ri/ is call$ ! ,son ( ,man by reason ( ,8 conception 9 ! fle%4 ,b ,he is a true & natural ,son ( ,man3 z also is ,he ! true & natural ,son ( ,god4 ,!re=e ,8 conception 0 natural4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no creature c be ! cause ( a miracul\s effect4 ,b ,*ri/'s conception is attribut$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :o is a m]e creature3 = we say t ! ,virg9 conceiv$ ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x seems t ,8 conception 0 n miracul\s1 b natural4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 = a trans=mation to be natural1 x is en\gh t ! passive pr9ciple be natural1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #d74 ,b 9 ,*ri/'s conception ! passive pr9ciple on ! "p ( ,8 ,"m 0 natural1 z we h %[n 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #d74 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s conception 0 natural4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,dionysius says 7,ep4 ad ,caium ,mona*473 ,*ri/ does 9 a sup]human way ^? ?+s t p]ta9 to man3 ?is is %[n 9 ! miracul\s virg9al conception4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,ambrose says 7,de ,inc>n4 vi73 ,9 ?is my/]y ?\ %alt f9d _m ?+s t are natural1 & _m t are sup]natural4 ,= if we consid] 9 ?is conception any?+ connect$ ) ! matt] !re(1 :i* 0 suppli$ by ! "m1 x 0 9 all su* ?+s natural4 ,b if we consid] x on ! "p ( ! active p[]1 ?us x 0 entirely miracul\s4 ,& s9ce judgm5t ( a ?+ %\ld be pron\nc$ 9 respect ( its =m r ?an ( its matt]3 & likewise 9 respect ( its activity r ?an ( its passiv5ess3 !re=e is x t ,*ri/'s conception %\ld be describ$ simply z miracul\s & sup]natural1 al?\gh 9 a c]ta9 respect x 0 natural4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ is said to be a natural ,son ( ,man1 by reason ( ,8 hav+ a true human nature1 ?r\gh :i* ,he is a ,son ( ,man1 al?\gh ,he _h x miracul\sly2 ?us1 too1 ! bl9d man to :om sight has be5 re/or$ sees naturally by sight miracul\sly receiv$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! conception is attribut$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 n z ! active pr9ciple !re(1 b because %e suppli$ ! matt]1 & because ! conception took place 9 h] womb4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a natural passive pr9ciple suffices = a trans=mation to be natural1 :5 x is mov$ by its prop] active pr9ciple 9 a natural & wont$ way4 ,b ?is is n s 9 ! case 9 po9t4 ,!re=e ?is conception _c be call$ simply natural4 ,,"q #cd ,,( ,,! ,,p]fection ,,( ,,! ,,*ild ,,conceiv$ 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! p]fection ( ! *ild conceiv$3 & conc]n+ ?is !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ 0 sanctifi$ by grace 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception8 7#b7 ,:e!r 9 t same in/ant ,he _h ! use ( free-w8 7#c7 ,:e!r 9 t same in/ant ,he c\ld m]it8 7#d7 ,:e!r 9 t same in/ant ,he 0 a p]fect compreh5sor8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cd1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ,sanctifi$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,in/ant ( ,8 ,conception8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n sanctifi$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,= x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3df73 ,t 0 n fir/ :i* is spiritual1 b t :i* is natural3 aft]w>ds t :i* is spiritual4 ,b sanctification by grace is some?+ spiritual4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ receiv$ ! grace ( sanctification1 n at ! v beg9n+ ( ,8 conception1 b aft] a space ( "t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 sanctification seems to be a cleans+ f s93 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #f3a3 ,& su* "s ( y 71 namely1 s9n]s1 b y are wa%$1 b y are sanctifi$4 ,b s9 0 nev] 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x 0 n becom+ t ,he %\ld be sanctifi$ by grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z by ! ,^w ( ,god all ?+s 7 made1 s f ! ,^w inc>nate all m5 :o are made holy receive hol9ess1 accord+ to ,heb4 #b3aa3 ,bo? he t sanctifie? & !y :o are sanctifi$ are all ( "o4 ,b ! ,^w ( ,god1 by :om all ?+s 7 made1 0 n ,himself made2 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 i74 ,!re=e ,*ri/1 by :om all are made holy1 0 n ,himself made holy4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #a3ce73 ,! ,holy :i* %all be born ( !e %all be call$ ! ,son ( ,god2 & 7,john #aj3cf73 ,:om ! ,fa!r ha? sanctifi$ & s5t into ! _w4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #g1 ,,aa4 #i1 #aj1 #ab71 ! abundance ( grace sanctify+ ,*ri/'s s\l fl[s f ! v union ( ! ,^w1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,we saw ,8 glory 4 4 4 z x 7 ( ! ,only-,begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & tru?4 ,= x has be5 %[n above 7,q4 #cc1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c7 t 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( conception1 ,*ri/'s body 0 bo? animat$ & assum$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 ,*ri/ _h ! fulness ( grace sanctify+ ,8 body & ,8 s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ord] set d[n by ! ,apo/le 9 ?is passage ref]s to ^? :o by advanc+ atta9 to ! spiritual /ate4 ,b ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation is consid]$ z a condesc5sion ( ! fulness ( ! ,godhead into human nature r ?an z ! promotion ( human nature1 already exi/+1 z x 71 to ! ,godhead4 ,!re=e 9 ! man ,*ri/ !re 0 p]fection ( spiritual life f ! v beg9n+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,to be sanctifi$ is to be made holy4 ,n[ some?+ is made n only f its contr>y1 b also f t :i* is opposite to x1 ei!r by negation or by privation3 ?us :ite is made ei!r f black or f n-:ite4 ,we inde$ f be+ s9n]s are made holy3 s t our sanctification is a cleans+ f s94 ,:]eas ,*ri/1 z man1 0 made holy1 because ,he 0 n always ?us sanctifi$ by grace3 yet ,he 0 n made holy f be+ a s9n]1 because ,he nev] s9n$2 b ,he 0 made holy f n-holy z man1 n inde$ by privation1 z ?\gh ,he 7 at "s "t a man & n holy2 b by negation--t is1 :5 ,he 0 n man ,he _h n human sanctity4 ,!re=e at ! same "t ,he 0 made man & a holy man4 ,= ?is reason ! angel said 7,luke #a3ce73 ,! ,holy :i* %all be born ( !e4 ,:i* words ,gregory exp\nds z foll[s 7,moral4 xviii73 ,9 ord] to %[ ! di/9ction betwe5 ,8 hol9ess & ours1 x is decl>$ t ,he %all be born holy4 ,= we1 ?\gh we are made holy1 yet are n born holy1 because by ! m]e condition ( a corruptible nature we are ti$ 4 4 4 ,b ,he alone is truly born holy :o 4 4 4 0 n conceiv$ by ! comb9+ ( c>nal union4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,fa!r creates ?+s ?r\gh ! ,son1 & ! :ole ,tr9ity sanctifies m5 ?r\gh ! ,man ,*ri/1 b n 9 ! same way4 ,= ! ,^w ( ,god has ! same p[] & op]ation z ,god ! ,fa!r3 h5ce ! ,fa!r does n "w ?r\gh ! ,son z an in/rum5t1 :i* is bo? mov] & mov$4 ,:]eas ! humanity ( ,*ri/ is z ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #a1 ad #c2 ,q4 #h1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a74 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s humanity is bo? sanctifi$ & sanctifi]4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cd1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,z ,man ,_h ! ,use ( ,free-w 9 ! ,fir/ ,in/ant ( ,8 ,conception8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ z man _h n ! use ( free-w 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,= a ?+ is1 be=e x acts or op]ates4 ,n[ ! use ( free-w is an op]ation4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,*ri/'s s\l began to exi/ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 z 0 made cle> above 7,q4 #cc1 ,a4 #b71 x seems impossible t ,he %\ld h ! use ( free-w 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! use ( free-w consi/s 9 *oice4 ,b *oice presupposes ! delib]ation ( c\nsel3 = ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 iii7 t *oice is ! desire ( :at has be5 previ\sly ! object ( delib]ation4 ,!re=e x seems impossible t ,*ri/ %\ld h _h ! use ( free-w 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! free-w is a faculty ( ! w & reason1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #hc1 ,a4 #b1 ,obj4 #b73 consequ5tly ! use ( free-w is an act ( ! w & ! reason or intellect4 ,b ! act ( ! intellect presupposes an act ( ! s5ses2 & ?is _c exi/ )\t prop] disposition ( ! organs--a condition :i* w\ld seem impossible 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,*ri/'s conception4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ c\ld n h ! use ( free-w at ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ! ,tr9ity 7,gregory3 ,regi/4 ix1 ,ep4 #fa73 ,z soon z ! ,^w ent]$ ! womb1 :ile reta9+ ! reality ( ,8 ,nature1 ,he 0 made fle%1 & a p]fect man4 ,b a p]fect man has ! use ( free-w4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ _h ! use ( free-w 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 spiritual p]fection 0 becom+ to ! human nature :i* ,*ri/ took1 :i* p]fection ,he atta9$ n by mak+ progress1 b by receiv+ x f ! v fir/4 ,n[ ultimate p]fection does n consi/ 9 p[] or habit1 b 9 op]ation2 :]e=e x is said 7,de ,anima ii1 text4 #e7 t op]ation is a second act4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 say t 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception ,*ri/ _h t op]ation ( ! s\l :i* c be _h 9 an in/ant4 ,& su* is ! op]ation ( ! w & intellect1 9 :i* ! use ( free-w consi/s4 ,= ! op]ation ( ! intellect & w is sudd5 & in/antane\s1 mu* m1 inde$1 ?an corporeal vision2 inasmu* z to und]/&1 to w1 & to feel1 are n movem5ts t may be describ$ z acts ( an imp]fect be+1 :i* atta9s p]fection successively1 b are ! acts ( an already p]fect be+1 z is said1 ,de ,anima iii1 text4 #bh4 ,we mu/ !re=e say t ,*ri/ _h ! use ( free-w 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,exi/5ce prec$es action by nature1 b n 9 "t2 b at ! same "t ! ag5t has p]fect exi/5ce1 & beg9s to act unless x is h9d]$4 ,?us fire1 z soon z x is g5]at$1 beg9s to give heat & light4 ,! action ( heat+1 h[ev]1 is n t]m9at$ 9 an in/ant1 b cont9ues = a "t2 :]eas ! action ( giv+ light is p]fect$ 9 an in/ant4 ,& su* an op]ation is ! use ( free-w1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z soon z c\nsel or delib]ation is end$1 !re may be *oice4 ,b ^? :o ne$ ! delib]ation ( c\nsel1 z soon z ?is comes to an end are c]ta9 ( :at ought to be *os53 & consequ5tly !y *oose at once4 ,f ?is x is cle> t ! delib]ation ( c\nsel does n ( necessity prec$e *oice save = ! purpose ( inquir+ into :at is unc]ta94 ,b ,*ri/1 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 _h ! fulness ( sanctify+ grace1 & 9 l mann] ! fulness ( kn[n tru?2 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,full ( grace & tru?4 ,:]e=e1 z be+ possess$ ( c]ta9ty ab\t all ?+s1 ,he c\ld *oose at once 9 an in/ant4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s intellect1 9 reg>d to ,8 infus$ k1 c\ld und]/& )\t turn+ to phantasms1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #aa1 ,a4 #b74 ,consequ5tly ,8 intellect & w c\ld act )\t any action ( ! s5ses4 ,nev]!less x 0 possible = ,him1 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 to h an op]ation ( ! s5ses3 especially z to ! s5se ( t\*1 :i* ! infant c ex]cise 9 ! womb ev5 be=e x has receiv$ ! rational s\l1 z is said1 ,de ,g5]4 ,animal4 ii1 #c1 #d4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce ,*ri/ _h ! rational s\l 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 ?r\gh ,8 body be+ already fa%ion$ & end[$ ) s5sible organs1 mu* m 0 x possible = ,him to ex]cise ! s5se ( t\* 9 t same in/ant4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cd1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,c\ld ,m]it 9 ! ,fir/ ,in/ant ( ,8 ,conception8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ c\ld n m]it 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,= ! free-w be>s ! same relation to m]it z to dem]it4 ,b ! devil c\ld n s9 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( 8 creation1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p1 ,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #e4 ,!re=e nei!r c\ld ,*ri/'s s\l m]it 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its creation--t is1 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,*ri/'s conception4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 t :i* man has 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( 8 conception seems to be natural to him3 = x is 9 ?is t 8 natural g5]ation is t]m9at$4 ,b we d n m]it by :at is natural to u1 z is cle> f :at has be5 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aji1 ,a4 #e2 ,q4 #aad1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e x seems t ! use ( free-w1 :i* ,*ri/ z man _h 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 0 n m]itori\s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 t :i* a man has once m]it$ he makes1 9 a way1 8 own3 consequ5tly x seems t he _c m]it ! same ?+ aga93 = no "o m]its :at is already 84 ,if1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ m]it$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 x foll[s t aft]w>ds ,he m]it$ no?+4 ,b ?is is evid5tly untrue4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n m]it 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 99,pat]ius1 ,expos4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/4 sup] ,ex4 #dj says3 ,increase ( m]it 0 absolutely impossible to ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,b increase ( m]it w\ld h be5 possible _h ,he n m]it$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ m]it$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ,*ri/ 0 sanctifi$ by grace 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,n[1 sanctification is tw(old3 t ( adults :o are sanctifi$ 9 consid]ation ( _! own act2 & t ( infants :o are sanctifi$ 9 consid]ation (1 n _! own act ( fai?1 b t ( _! p>5ts or ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! =m] sanctification is m p]fect ?an ! latt]3 j z act is m p]fect ?an habit2 & t :i* is by itself1 ?an t :i* is by ano!r 99,ari/otle1 ,phys4 viii4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! sanctification ( ,*ri/ 0 mo/ p]fect1 because ,he 0 s sanctifi$ t ,he might sanctify o!rs2 consequ5tly ,he 0 sanctifi$ by reason ( ,8 own movem5t ( ! free-w t[>ds ,god4 ,:i* movem5t1 inde$1 ( ! free-w is m]itori\s4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/ did m]it 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,free-w does n be> ! same relation to good z to evil3 = to good x is relat$ ( itself1 & naturally2 :]eas to evil x is relat$ z to a defect1 & beside nature4 ,n[1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,coelo ii1 text4 #ah73 ,t :i* is beside nature is subsequ5t to t :i* is accord+ to nature2 because t :i* is beside nature is an exception to nature4 ,!re=e ! free-w ( a creature c be mov$ to good m]itori\sly 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its creation1 b n to evil s9fully2 provid$1 h[ev]1 its nature be unimpair$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,t :i* man has at ! fir/ mom5t ( 8 creation1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature1 is natural to him2 b no?+ h9d]s a creature f receiv+ f ,god a gift ( grace at ! v beg9n+ ( its creation4 ,9 ?is way did ,*ri/'s s\l 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( its creation receive grace by :i* x c\ld m]it4 ,& = ?is reason is t grace1 by way ( a c]ta9 lik5ess1 said to be natural to ?is ,man1 z expla9$ by ,augu/9e 7,en*iridion xl74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,no?+ prev5ts ! same ?+ belong+ to someone f sev]al causes4 ,& ?us x is t ,*ri/ 0 able by subsequ5t actions & suff]+s to m]it ! glory ( immortality1 :i* ,he also m]it$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception3 n1 inde$1 s t x became !reby m due to ,him ?an be=e1 b s t x 0 due to ,him f m causes ?an be=e4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cd1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 a ,p]fect ,compreh5sor 9 ! ,fir/ ,in/ant ( ,8 ,conception8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n a p]fect compreh5sor 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,= m]it prec$es rew>d1 z fault prec$es puni%m5t4 ,b ,*ri/ m]it$ 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! /ate ( compreh5sion is ! pr9cipal rew>d1 x seems t ,*ri/ 0 n a compreh5sor 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l said 7,luke #bd3bf73 ,ought n ,*ri/ to h suff]$ ^! ?+s1 & s to ent] into ,8 glory8 ,b glory belongs to ! /ate ( compreh5sion4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n 9 ! /ate ( compreh5sion 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 :5 z yet ,he _h n suff]$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at befits nei!r man nor angel seems prop] to ,god2 & !re=e is n becom+ to ,*ri/ z man4 ,b to be always 9 ! /ate ( beatitude befits nei!r man nor angel3 = if !y _h be5 creat$ 9 beatitude1 !y w\ld n h s9n$ aft]w>ds4 ,!re=e ,*ri/1 z man1 0 n 9 ! /ate ( beatitude 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ps4 #fd3e73 ,bless$ is he :om ,?\ ha/ *os51 & tak5 to ,!e2 :i* words1 accord+ to ! gloss1 ref] to ,*ri/'s human nature1 :i* 0 tak5 by ! ,^w ( ,god unto ! unity ( ,p]son4 ,b human nature 0 tak5 by ! ,^w ( ,god 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,!re=e1 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 ,*ri/1 z man1 0 9 ! /ate ( beatitude2 :i* is to be a compreh5sor4 ,i answ] t1 ,z appe>s f :at 0 said above 7,a4 #c71 x 0 unbecom+ t 9 ,8 conception ,*ri/ %\ld receive m]ely habitual grace )\t ! act4 ,n[1 ,he receiv$ grace n by measure 7,john #c3cd71 z /at$ above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #aa74 ,b ! grace ( ! wayf>]1 be+ %ort ( t ( ! compreh5sor1 is 9 less measure ?an t ( ! compreh5sor4 ,:]e=e x is manife/ t 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception ,*ri/ receiv$ n only z mu* grace z compreh5sors h1 b also great] ?an t :i* !y all h4 ,& because t grace 0 n )\t its act1 x foll[s t ,he 0 a compreh5sor 9 act1 see+ ,god 9 ,8 ,ess5ce m cle>ly ?an o!r creatures4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #ai1 ,a4 #c71 ,*ri/ did n m]it ! glory ( ! s\l1 9 respect ( :i* ,he is said to h be5 a compreh5sor1 b ! glory ( ! body1 to :i* ,he came ?r\gh ,8 ,passion4 ,:]e=e ! reply to ! ,second ,objection is cle>4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,s9ce ,*ri/ 0 bo? ,god & man1 ,he _h1 ev5 9 ,8 humanity1 some?+ m ?an o!r creatures--namely1 t ,he 0 9 ! /ate ( beatitude f ! v beg9n+4 ,,"q #ce ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,nativity 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,aft] consid]+ ,*ri/'s conception1 we mu/ treat ( ,8 nativity4 ,fir/1 z to ! nativity itself2 secondly1 z to ,8 manife/ation aft] bir?4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r nativity reg>ds ! nature or ! p]son8 7#b7 ,:e!r ano!r1 besides ,8 et]nal1 bir? %\ld be attribut$ to ,*ri/8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ,8 ,"m 9 respect ( ,8 temporal bir?8 7#d7 ,:e!r %e ought to be call$ ! ,"m ( ,god8 7#e7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,virg9 ,"m 9 respect ( two filiations8 7#f7 ,( ! mode ( ! ,nativity2 7#g7 ,( its place2 7#h7 ,( ! "t ( ! ,nativity4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,nativity ,reg>ds ! ,nature ,r ,?an ! ,p]son8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t nativity reg>ds ! nature r ?an ! p]son4 ,= ,augu/9e 99,fulg5tius says 7,de ,fide ad ,petrum73 ,! et]nal ,div9e ,nature c\ld n be conceiv$ & born ( human nature1 except 9 a true human nature4 ,consequ5tly x becomes ! ,div9e ,nature to be conceiv$ & born by reason ( ! human nature4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 does x reg>d human nature itself4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,metaph4 v71 nature is s d5om9at$ f nativity4 ,b ?+s are d5om9at$ f "o ano!r by reason ( "s lik5ess4 ,!re=e x seems t nativity reg>ds ! nature r ?an ! p]son4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 prop]ly speak+1 t is born :i* beg9s to exi/ by nativity4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,p]son did n beg9 to exi/ by ,8 nativity1 :]eas ,8 human nature did4 ,!re=e x seems t ! nativity prop]ly reg>ds ! nature1 & n ! p]son4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,nativity reg>ds ! hypo/asis1 n ! nature4 ,i answ] t1 ,nativity c be attribut$ to someone 9 two ways3 fir/1 z to its subject2 secondly1 z to its t]m9us4 ,to him t is born x is attribut$ z to its subject3 & ?is1 prop]ly speak+1 is ! hypo/asis1 n ! nature4 ,= s9ce to be born is to be g5]at$2 z a ?+ is g5]at$ 9 ord] = x to be1 s is a ?+ born 9 ord] = x to be4 ,n[1 to be1 prop]ly speak+1 belongs to t :i* subsi/s2 s9ce a =m t does n subsi/ is said to be only inasmu* z by x some?+ is3 & :]eas p]son or hypo/asis designates some?+ z subsi/+1 nature designates =m1 :]eby some?+ subsi/s4 ,consequ5tly1 nativity is attribut$ to ! p]son or hypo/asis z to ! prop] subject ( be+ born1 b n to ! nature4 ,b to ! nature nativity is attribut$ z to its t]m9us4 ,= ! t]m9us ( g5]ation & ( e nativity is ! =m4 ,n[1 nature designates some?+ z a =m3 :]e=e nativity is said to be ! road to nature1 z ! ,philosoph] /ates 7,phys4 ii73 = ! purpose ( nature is t]m9at$ 9 ! =m or nature ( ! species4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,on acc\nt ( ! id5tity ( nature & hypo/asis 9 ,god1 nature is sometimes put in/ead ( p]son or hypo/asis4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ,augu/9e says t ! ,div9e ,nature 0 conceiv$ & born1 inasmu* z ! ,p]son ( ! ,son 0 conceiv$ & born 9 ! human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,no movem5t or *ange is d5om9at$ f ! subject mov$1 b f ! t]m9us ( ! movem5t1 :5ce ! subject has its species4 ,= ?is reason nativity is n d5om9at$ f ! p]son born1 b f nature1 :i* is ! t]m9us ( nativity4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,nature1 prop]ly speak+1 does n beg9 to exi/3 r is x ! p]son t beg9s to exi/ 9 "s nature4 ,because1 z /at$ above1 nature designates t by :i* some?+ is2 :]eas p]son designates some?+ z hav+ subsi/5t be+4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r a ,temporal ,nativity ,%\ld ,be ,attribut$ to ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t temporal nativity is n to be attribut$ to ,*ri/4 ,= to be born is a c]ta9 movem5t ( a ?+ t did n exi/ be=e x 0 born1 :i* movem5t procures = x ! b5efit ( exi/5ce 99,cf4 ,augu/9e1 ,de ,unit4 ,tr94 xii4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 f all et]nity4 ,!re=e ,he c\ld n be born 9 "t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is p]fect 9 itself ne$s n to be born4 ,b ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god 0 p]fect f et]nity4 ,!re=e ,he ne$s n to be born 9 "t4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he _h no temporal bir?4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 prop]ly speak+1 nativity reg>ds ! p]son4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re is only "o p]son4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re is b "o nativity4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 :at is born by two nativities is born twice4 ,b ?is proposition is false2 ,*ri/ 0 born twice3 because ! nativity :]eby ,he 0 born ( ! ,fa!r suff]s no int]ruption2 s9ce x is et]nal4 ,:]eas int]ruption is requir$ to w>rant ! use ( ! adv]b twice3 = a man is said to run twice ^: runn+ is int]rupt$4 ,!re=e x seems t we %\ld n admit a d\ble nativity 9 ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,we confess two nativities 9 ,*ri/3 "o ( ! ,fa!r--et]nal2 & "o :i* occurr$ 9 ^! latt] times = our sake4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 nature is comp>$ to nativity1 z ! t]m9us to movem5t or *ange4 ,n[1 movem5t is div]sifi$ accord+ to ! div]sity ( its t]m9i1 z ! ,philosoph] %[s 7,phys4 v74 ,b1 9 ,*ri/ !re is a tw(old nature3 "o :i* ,he receiv$ ( ! ,fa!r f et]nity1 ! o!r :i* ,he receiv$ f ,8 ,"m 9 "t4 ,!re=e we mu/ ne$s attribute to ,*ri/ a tw(old nativity3 "o by :i* ,he 0 born ( ! ,fa!r f all et]nity2 "o by :i* ,he 0 born ( ,8 ,"m 9 "t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is 0 ! argum5t ( a c]ta9 h]etic1 ,felician1 & is solv$ ?us by ,augu/9e 7,contra ,felic4 xii74 ,let u suppose1 says he1 z _m ma9ta91 t 9 ! _w !re is a univ]sal s\l1 :i*1 by its ineffable movem5t1 s gives life to all se$1 t x is n comp\nd$ ) ?+s begott51 b be/[s life t !y may be begott54 ,)\t d\bt1 :5 ?is s\l rea*es ! womb1 be+ int5t on fa%ion+ ! passible matt] to its own purpose1 x unites itself to ! p]sonality !re(1 ?\gh manife/ly x is n ( ! same sub/ance2 & ?us ( ! active s\l & passive matt]1 "o man is made out ( two sub/ances4 ,& s we confess t ! s\l is born f out ! womb2 b n z ?\gh1 be=e bir?1 x 0 no?+ at all 9 itself4 ,?us1 !n1 b 9 a way mu* m sublime1 ! ,son ( ,god 0 born z man1 j z ! s\l is held to be born toge!r ) ! body3 n z ?\gh !y bo? made "o sub/ance1 b t f bo?1 "o p]son results4 ,yet we d n say t ! ,son ( ,god began ?us to exi/3 le/ x be ?\ght t ,8 ,div9ity is temporal4 ,nor d we ackn[l$ge ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,god to h be5 f et]nity3 le/ x be ?\ght t ,he took1 n a true human body1 b "s resemblance !re(4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is 0 an argum5t ( ,ne/orius1 & x is ?us solv$ by ,cyril 9 an epi/le 99,cf4 ,acta ,concil4 ,ephes41 p4 #a1 cap4 viii3 ,we d n say t ! ,son ( ,god _h ne$1 = ,8 own sake1 ( a second nativity1 aft] t :i* is f ! ,fa!r3 = x is fooli% & a m>k ( ignorance to say t ,he :o is f all et]nity1 & co-et]nal ) ! ,fa!r1 ne$s to beg9 aga9 to exi/4 ,b because = u & = our salvation1 unit+ ! human nature to ,8 ,p]son1 ,he became ! *ild ( a woman1 = ?is reason d we say t ,he 0 born 9 ! fle%4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,nativity reg>ds ! p]son z its subject1 ! nature z its t]m9us4 ,n[1 x is possible = sev]al trans=mations to be 9 ! same subject3 yet mu/ !y be div]sifi$ 9 respect ( _! t]m9i4 ,b we d n say ?is z ?\gh ! et]nal nativity 7 a trans=mation or a movem5t1 b because x is designat$ by way ( a trans=mation or movem5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/ c be said to h be5 born twice 9 respect ( ,8 two nativities4 ,= j z he is said to run twice :o runs at two diff]5t times1 s c ,he be said to be born twice :o is born once f et]nity & once 9 "t3 because et]nity & "t diff] mu* m ?an two diff]5t times1 al?\gh ea* signifies a measure ( duration4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,c ,be ,call$ ,*ri/'s ,"m 9 ,respect ( ,8 ,temporal ,nativity8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 _c be call$ ,*ri/'s ,"m 9 respect ( ,8 temporal nativity4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #d71 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y did n coop]ate actively 9 begett+ ,*ri/1 b m]ely suppli$ ! matt]4 ,b ?is does n seem suffici5t to make h] ,8 ,"m3 o!rwise wood might be call$ ! "m ( ! b$ or b5*4 ,!re=e x seems t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 _c be call$ ! ,"m ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ 0 born miracul\sly ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,b a miracul\s begett+ does n suffice = mo!rhood or son%ip3 = we d n speak ( ,eve z be+ ! daught] ( ,adam4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld ,*ri/ be call$ ! ,son ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 mo!rhood seems to imply p>tial sep>ation ( ! sem54 ,b1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii71 ,*ri/'s body 0 =m$1 n by a sem9al process1 b by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x seems t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 %\ld n be call$ ! ,"m ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #a3ah73 ,! g5]ation ( ,*ri/ 0 9 ?is wise4 ,:5 ,8 ,"m ,m>y 0 esp\s$ to ,joseph1 etc4 ,i answ] t1 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y is 9 tru? & by nature ! ,"m ( ,*ri/4 ,=1 z we h said above 7,q4 #e1 ,a4 #b2 ,q4 #ca1 ,a4 #e71 ,*ri/'s body 0 n br\ght d[n f heav51 z ! h]etic ,val5t9e ma9ta9$1 b 0 tak5 f ! ,virg9 ,"m1 & =m$ f h] pure/ blood4 ,& ?is is all t is requir$ = mo!rhood1 z has be5 made cle> above 7,q4 #ca1 ,a4 #e2 ,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #d74 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is truly ,*ri/'s ,"m4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #c71 n e g5]ation implies fa!rhood or mo!rhood & son%ip1 b only ! g5]ation ( liv+ ?+s4 ,consequ5tly :5 inanimate ?+s are made f "s matt]1 ! relation%ip ( mo!rhood & son%ip does n foll[ f ?is1 b only 9 ! g5]ation ( liv+ ?+s1 :i* is prop]ly call$ nativity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,! temporal nativity by :i* ,*ri/ 0 born = our salvation is1 9 a way1 natural1 s9ce a ,man 0 born ( a woman1 & aft] ! due lapse ( "t f ,8 conception3 b x is also sup]natural1 because ,he 0 begott51 n ( se$1 b ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & ! ,bless$ ,virg91 above ! law ( conception4 ,?us1 !n1 on ! "p ( ! "m1 ?is nativity 0 natural1 b on ! "p ( ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/ x 0 sup]natural4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ! true & natural ,"m ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #ca1 ,a4 #e1 ad #c2 ,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #d71 ! resolution ( ! woman's sem5 is n necess>y = conception2 nei!r1 !re=e1 is x requir$ = mo!rhood4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,bless$ ,virg9 %\ld be call$ ! ,"m ( ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 %\ld n be call$ ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,= 9 ! ,div9e my/]ies we %\ld n make any ass]tion t is n tak5 f ,holy ,scripture4 ,b we read n[h]e 9 ,holy ,scripture t %e is ! "m or p>5t ( ,god1 b t %e is ! "m ( ,*ri/ or ( ! ,*ild1 z may be se5 f ,matt4 #a3ah4 ,!re=e we %\ld n say t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is call$ ,god 9 respect ( ,8 ,div9e ,nature4 ,b ! ,div9e ,nature did n fir/ orig9ate f ! ,virg94 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 %\ld n be call$ ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ^w ,god is pr$icat$ 9 common ( ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ,"m ( ,god x seems to foll[ t %e 0 ! ,"m ( ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 :i* _c be all[$4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 %\ld n be call$ ,"m ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,9 ! *apt]s ( ,cyril1 approv$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7,p4 #a1 ,cap4 xxvi71 we read3 ,if anyone confess n t ! ,emmanuel is truly ,god1 & t = ?is reason ! ,holy ,virg9 is ! ,"m ( ,god1 s9ce %e begot ( h] fle% ! ,^w ( ,god made fle%1 let him be ana!ma4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #af1 ,a4 #a71 e ^w t signifies a nature 9 ! concrete c /& = any hypo/asis ( t nature4 ,n[1 s9ce ! union ( ! ,inc>nation took place 9 ! hypo/asis1 z above /at$ 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #c71 x is manife/ t ?is ^w ,god c /& = ! hypo/asis1 hav+ a human & a ,div9e nature4 ,!re=e :atev] belongs to ! ,div9e & to ! human nature c be attribut$ to t ,p]son3 bo? :5 a ^w is employ$ to /& = x1 signify+ ! ,div9e ,nature1 & :5 a ^w is us$ signify+ ! human nature4 ,n[1 conception & bir? are attribut$ to ! p]son & hypo/asis 9 respect ( t nature 9 :i* x is conceiv$ & born4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! human nature 0 tak5 by ! ,div9e ,p]son 9 ! v beg9n+ ( ! conception1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #cc1 ,a4 #c71 x foll[s t x c be truly said t ,god 0 conceiv$ & born ( ! ,virg94 ,n[ f ?is is a woman call$ a man's "m1 t %e conceiv$ him & gave bir? to him4 ,!re=e ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is truly call$ ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,= ! only way 9 :i* x c\ld be d5i$ t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ! ,"m ( ,god w\ld be ei!r if ! humanity 7 fir/ subject to conception & bir?1 be=e ?is man 7 ! ,son ( ,god1 z ,phot9us said2 or if ! humanity 7 n assum$ unto unity ( ! ,p]son or hypo/asis ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 z ,ne/orius ma9ta9$4 ,b bo? ( ^! are errone\s4 ,!re=e x is h]etical to d5y t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is 0 an argum5t ( ,ne/orius1 & x is solv$ by say+ t1 al?\gh we d n f9d x said expressly 9 ,scripture t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ! ,"m ( ,god1 yet we d f9d x expressly said 9 ,scripture t ,jesus ,*ri/ is true ,god1 z may be se5 #a ,john #e3bj1 & t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ! ,"m ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* is cle>ly express$ ,matt4 #a3ah4 ,!re=e1 f ! words ( ,scripture x foll[s ( necessity t %e is ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,aga91 x is writt5 7,rom4 #i3e7 t ,*ri/ is ( ! ,jews accord+ to ! fle%1 :o is ov] all ?+s1 ,god bless$ = ev]4 ,b ,he is n ( ! ,jews except ?r\gh ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,!re=e ,he :o is above all ?+s1 ,god bless$ = ev]1 is truly born ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 z ( ,8 ,"m4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is 0 an argum5t ( ,ne/orius4 ,b ,cyril1 9 a lett] aga9/ ,ne/orius 99,cf4 ,acta ,conc4 ,ephes41 p4 #a1 cap4 ii1 answ]s x ?us3 ,j z :5 a man's s\l is born ) its body1 !y are consid]$ z "o be+3 & if anyone wi% to say t ! "m ( ! fle% is n ! "m ( ! s\l1 he says too mu*4 ,some?+ l ?is may be p]ceiv$ 9 ! g5]ation ( ,*ri/4 ,= ! ,^w ( ,god 0 born ( ! sub/ance ( ,god ! ,fa!r3 b because ,he took fle%1 we mu/ ( necessity confess t 9 ! fle% ,he 0 born ( a woman4 ,consequ5tly we mu/ say t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is call$ ! ,"m ( ,god1 n z ?\gh %e 7 ! ,"m ( ! ,godhead1 b because %e is ! "m1 accord+ to ,8 human nature1 ( ! ,p]son :o has bo? ! div9e & ! human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! "n ,god is common to ! ?ree ,p]sons1 yet sometimes x /&s = ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r alone1 sometimes only = ! ,p]son ( ! ,son or ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #af1 ,a4 #a2 ,fir/ ,"p1 ,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #d74 ,s t :5 we say1 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 is ! ,"m ( ,god1 ?is ^w ,god /&s only = ! inc>nate ,p]son ( ! ,son4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,!re ,are ,two ,filiations 9 ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re are two filiations 9 ,*ri/4 ,= nativity is ! cause ( filiation4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ !re are two nativities4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re are also two filiations4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 filiation1 :i* is said ( a man z be+ ! son ( someone1 8 fa!r or 8 "m1 dep5ds1 9 a way1 on him3 because ! v be+ ( a relation consi/s 9 be+ ref]r$ to ano!r2 :]e=e if "o ( two relatives be de/roy$1 ! o!r is de/roy$ also4 ,b ! et]nal filiation by :i* ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god ! ,fa!r dep5ds n on ,8 ,"m1 because no?+ et]nal dep5ds on :at is temporal4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n ,8 ,"m's ,son by temporal filiation4 ,ei!r1 !re=e1 ,he is n h] ,son at all1 :i* is 9 contradiction to :at has be5 said above 7,,aa4 #c1 #d71 or ,he mu/ ne$s be h] ,son by "s o!r temporal filiation4 ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re are two filiations4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 "o ( two relatives ent]s ! def9ition ( ! o!r2 h5ce x is cle> t ( two relatives1 "o is specifi$ f ! o!r4 ,b "o & ! same _c be 9 div]se species4 ,!re=e x seems impossible t "o & ! same relation be ref]r$ to extremes :i* are altoge!r div]se4 ,b ,*ri/ is said to be ! ,son ( ! ,et]nal ,fa!r & a temporal "m1 :o are t]ms altoge!r div]se4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ _c1 by ! same relation1 be call$ ! ,son ( ! ,fa!r & ( ,8 ,"m ,!re=e 9 ,*ri/ !re are two filiations4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii71 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! nature are multiple 9 ,*ri/2 b n ^? ?+s t p]ta9 to ! ,p]son4 ,b filiation belongs especially to ! ,p]son1 s9ce x is a p]sonal prop]ty1 z appe>s f :at 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #c2 ,q4 #dj1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e !re is b "o filiation 9 ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 op9ions diff] on ?is "q4 ,= "s1 consid]+ only ! cause ( filiation1 :i* is nativity1 put two filiations 9 ,*ri/1 j z !re are two nativities4 ,on ! contr>y1 o!rs1 consid]+ only ! subject ( filiation1 :i* is ! p]son or hypo/asis1 put only "o filiation 9 ,*ri/1 j z !re is b "o hypo/asis or p]son4 ,because ! unity or plurality ( a relation is consid]$ 9 respect1 n ( its t]ms1 b ( its cause or ( its subject4 ,= if x 7 consid]$ 9 respect ( its t]ms1 e man w\ld ( necessity h 9 himself two filiations--"o 9 ref]5ce to 8 fa!r1 & ano!r 9 ref]5ce to 8 "m4 ,b if we consid] ! "q aright1 we %all see t e man be>s b "o relation to bo? 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 on acc\nt ( ! unity ( ! cause !re(4 ,= man is born by "o bir? ( bo? fa!r & "m3 :5ce he be>s b "o relation to bo?4 ,! same is said ( "o ma/] :o tea*es _m disciples ! same doctr9e1 & ( "o "l :o gov]ns _m subjects by ! same p[]4 ,b if !re be v>i\s causes specifically div]se1 x seems t 9 consequ5ce ! relations diff] 9 species3 :]e=e no?+ h9d]s sev]al su* relations be+ 9 ! same subject4 ,?us if a man tea* gramm> to "s & logic to o!rs1 8 tea*+ is ( a diff]5t k9d 9 "o case & 9 ! o!r2 & !re=e "o & ! same man may h diff]5t relations z ! ma/] ( diff]5t disciples1 or ( ! same disciples 9 reg>d to div]se doctr9es4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x happ5s t a man be>s a relation to sev]al 9 respect ( v>i\s causes1 b ( ! same species3 ?us a fa!r may h sev]al sons by sev]al acts ( g5]ation4 ,:]e=e ! pat]nity _c diff] specifically1 s9ce ! acts ( g5]ation are specifically ! same4 ,& because sev]al =ms ( ! same species _c at ! same "t be 9 ! same subject1 x is impossible = sev]al pat]nities to be 9 a man :o is ! fa!r ( sev]al sons by natural g5]ation4 ,b x w\ld n be s 7 he ! fa!r ( "o son by natural g5]ation & ( ano!r by adoption4 ,n[1 x is manife/ t ,*ri/ 0 n born by "o & ! same nativity1 ( ! ,fa!r f et]nity1 & ( ,8 ,"m 9 "t3 inde$1 ^! two nativities diff] specifically4 ,:]e=e1 z to ?is1 we mu/ say t !re are v>i\s filiations1 "o temporal & ! o!r et]nal4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! subject ( filiation is nei!r ! nature nor "p ( ! nature1 b ! p]son or hypo/asis alone2 & s9ce 9 ,*ri/ !re is no o!r hypo/asis or p]son ?an ! et]nal1 !re c be no o!r filiation 9 ,*ri/ b t :i* is 9 ! et]nal hypo/asis4 ,n[1 e relation :i* is pr$icat$ ( ,god f "t does n put some?+ real 9 ! et]nal ,god1 b only some?+ accord+ to our way ( ?9k+1 z we h said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ac1 ,a4 #g74 ,!re=e ! filiation by :i* ,*ri/ is ref]r$ to ,8 ,"m _c be a real relation1 b only a relation ( reason4 ,consequ5tly ea* op9ion is true to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,= if we consid] ! adequate causes ( filiation1 we mu/ ne$s say t !re are two filiations 9 respect ( ! tw(old nativity4 ,b if we consid] ! subject ( filiation1 :i* c only be ! et]nal suppositum1 !n no o!r ?an ! et]nal filiation 9 ,*ri/ is a real relation4 ,nev]!less1 ,he has ! relation ( ,son 9 reg>d to ,8 ,"m1 because x is impli$ 9 ! relation ( mo!rhood to ,*ri/4 ,?us ,god is call$ ,"l by a relation :i* is impli$ 9 ! real relation by :i* ! creature is subject to ,god4 ,& al?\gh lord%ip is n a real relation 9 ,god1 yet is ,he really ,"l ?r\gh ! real subjection ( ! creature to ,him4 ,9 ! same way ,*ri/ is really ! ,son ( ! ,virg9 ,"m ?r\gh ! real relation ( h] mo!rhood to ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,temporal nativity w\ld cause a real temporal filiation 9 ,*ri/ if !re 7 9 ,him a subject capable ( su* filiation4 ,b ?is _c be2 s9ce ! et]nal suppositum _c be receptive ( a temporal relation1 z /at$ above4 ,nor c x be said t x is receptive ( temporal filiation by reason ( ! human nature1 j z x is receptive ( ! temporal nativity2 because human nature w\ld ne$ 9 "s way to be ! subject ( filiation1 j z 9 a way x is ! subject ( nativity2 = s9ce an ,e?iopian is said to be :ite by reason ( 8 tee?1 x mu/ be t 8 tee? are ! subject ( :it5ess4 ,b human nature c n[ise be ! subject ( filiation1 because ?is relation reg>ds directly ! p]son4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,et]nal filiation does n dep5d on a temporal "m1 b toge!r ) ?is et]nal filiation we und]/& a c]ta9 temporal relation dep5d5t on ! "m1 9 respect ( :i* relation ,*ri/ is call$ ! ,son ( ,8 ,"m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,"o & be+ are mutually consequ5t1 z is said ,metaph4 iv4 ,!re=e1 j z x happ5s t 9 "o ( ! extremes ( a relation !re is some?+ real1 :]eas 9 ! o!r !re is n some?+ real1 b m]ely a c]ta9 aspect1 z ! ,philosoph] obs]ves ( k & ! ?+ kn[n2 s also x happ5s t on ! "p ( "o extreme !re is "o relation1 :]eas on ! "p ( ! o!r !re are _m4 ,?us 9 man on ! "p ( 8 p>5ts !re is a tw(old relation1 ! "o ( pat]nity1 ! o!r ( mo!rhood1 :i* are specifically div]se1 inasmu* z ! fa!r is ! pr9ciple ( g5]ation 9 "o way1 & ! "m 9 ano!r 7:]eas if _m be ! pr9ciple ( "o action & 9 ! same way--= in/ance1 if _m toge!r draw a %ip along--!re w\ld be "o & ! same relation 9 all ( !m72 b on ! "p ( ! *ild !re is b "o filiation 9 reality1 ?\gh !re be two 9 aspect1 correspond+ to ! two relations 9 ! p>5ts1 z consid]$ by ! intellect4 ,& ?us 9 "o way !re is only "o real filiation 9 ,*ri/1 :i* is 9 respect ( ! ,et]nal ,fa!r3 yet !re is ano!r temporal relation 9 reg>d to ,8 temporal "m4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ,born ,)\t ,8 ,"m ,suff]+8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n born )\t ,8 ,"m suff]+4 ,= j z man's dea? 0 a result ( ! s9 ( our fir/ p>5ts1 accord+ to ,g54 #b3ag3 ,9 :at day soev] ye %all eat1 ye %all ,vulg43 '?\ %alt eat ( x1 ?\ %alt die2 s 7 ! pa9s ( *ildbir?1 accord+ to ,g54 #c3af3 ,9 sorr[ %alt ?\ br+ =? *ildr54 ,b ,*ri/ 0 will+ to und]go dea?4 ,!re=e = ! same reason x seems t ,8 bir? %\ld h be5 ) pa94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! end is proportionate to ! beg9n+4 ,b ,*ri/ end$ ,8 life 9 pa91 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3d3 ,surely 4 4 4 ,he ha? c>ri$ our sorr[s4 ,!re=e x seems t ,8 nativity 0 n )\t ! pa9s ( *ildbir?4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! book on ! bir? ( our ,savi\r 99,protevangelium ,jacobi xix1 xx x is relat$ t midwives 7 pres5t at ,*ri/'s bir?2 & !y w\ld be want$ by reason ( ! "m's suff]+ pa94 ,!re=e x seems t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 suff]$ pa9 9 giv+ bir? to h] ,*ild4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,s]m4 de ,nativ4 99,supposititi\s71 address+ himself to ! ,virg9-,"m3 ,9 conceiv+ ?\ wa/ all pure1 9 giv+ bir? ?\ wa/ )\t pa94 ,i answ] t1 ,! pa9s ( *ildbir? are caus$ by ! infant op5+ ! passage f ! womb4 ,n[ x has be5 said above 7,q4 #bh1 ,a4 #b1 ,replies to objections71 t ,*ri/ came =? f ! clos$ womb ( ,8 ,"m1 &1 consequ5tly1 )\t op5+ ! passage4 ,consequ5tly !re 0 no pa9 9 t bir?1 z nei!r 0 !re any corruption2 on ! contr>y1 !re 0 mu* joy !re9 = t ,god-,man 0 born into ! _w1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ce3a1 #b3 ,l ! lily1 x %all bud =? & blossom1 & %all rejoice ) joy & praise4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! pa9s ( *ildbir? 9 ! woman foll[ f ! m+l+ ( ! sexes4 ,:]e=e 7,g54 #c3af7 aft] ! words1 9 sorr[ %alt ?\ br+ =? *ildr51 ! foll[+ are add$3 & ?\ %alt be "u ?y husb&'s p[]4 ,b1 z ,augu/9e says 7,s]m4 de ,assumpt4 ,b4 ,virg41 99,supposititi\s71 f ?is s5t5ce we mu/ exclude ! ,virg9-,"m ( ,god2 :o1 because %e conceiv$ ,*ri/ )\t ! defilem5t ( s91 & )\t ! /a9 ( sexual m+l+1 !re=e did %e br+ ,him =? )\t pa91 )\t violation ( h] virg9al integrity1 )\t detrim5t to ! purity ( h] maid5hood4 ,*ri/1 inde$1 suff]$ dea?1 b ?r\gh ,8 own spontane\s desire1 9 ord] to atone = u1 n z a necess>y result ( t s5t5ce1 = ,he 0 n a debtor unto dea?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z by ,8 dea? ,*ri/ de/roy$ our dea? 99,preface ( ! ,mass 9 ,pas*al-"t1 s by ,8 pa9s ,he fre$ u f our pa9s2 & s ,he wi%$ to die a pa9ful dea?4 ,b ! "m's pa9s 9 *ildbir? did n conc]n ,*ri/1 :o came to atone = our s9s4 ,& !re=e !re 0 no ne$ = ,8 ,"m to suff] 9 giv+ bir?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,we are told 7,luke #b3g7 t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 h]self wrapp$ up 9 swaddl+ clo!s ! ,*ild :om %e _h br\ght =?1 & laid ,him 9 a mang]4 ,consequ5tly ! n>rative ( ?is book1 :i* is apocryphal1 is untrue4 ,:]e=e ,j]ome says 7,adv4 ,helvid4 iv73 ,no midwife 0 !re1 no (fici\s wom5 int]f]$4 ,%e 0 bo? "m & midwife4 ',) swaddl+ clo!s1' says he1 '%e wrapp$ up ! *ild1 & laid ,him 9 a mang]4' ,^! words prove ! fals5ess ( ! apocryphal rav+s4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,born 9 ,be?lehem8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 born 9 ,be?lehem4 ,= x is writt5 7,isa4 #b3c73 ,! law %all come =? f ,sion1 & ! ,^w ( ! ,"l f ,j]usalem4 ,b ,*ri/ is truly ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld h come into ! _w at ,j]usalem4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is said 7,matt4 #b3bc7 t x is writt5 ( ,*ri/ t ,he %all be call$ a ,naz>5e2 :i* is tak5 f ,isa4 #aa3a3 ,a fl[] %all rise up out ( 8 root2 = ,naz>e? is int]pret$ a fl[]4 ,b a man is nam$ especially f ! place ( 8 bir?4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he %\ld h be5 born 9 ,naz>e?1 :]e also ,he 0 conceiv$ & br\ght up4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 = ?is 0 our ,"l born into ! _w1 t ,he might make kn[n ! true fai?1 accord+ to ,john #ah3cg3 ,= ?is 0 ,i born1 & = ?is came ,i into ! _w2 t ,i %\ld give te/imony to ! tru?4 ,b ?is w\ld h be5 easi] if ,he _h be5 born 9 ! city ( ,rome1 :i* at t "t rul$ ! _w2 :5ce ,paul1 writ+ to ! ,romans 7#a3h7 says3 ,y\r fai? is spok5 ( 9 ! :ole _w4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he %\ld n h be5 born 9 ,be?lehem4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,mic4 #e3b73 ,& ?\1 ,be?lehem1 ,ephrata 4 4 4 out ( !e %all ,he come =? unto ,me1 t is to be ! rul] 9 ,israel4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ will$ to be born 9 ,be?lehem = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because ,he 0 made 4 4 4 ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%1 z x is writt5 7,rom4 #a3c72 to :om also 0 a special promise made conc]n+ ,*ri/2 accord+ to #b ,k+s #bc3a3 ,! man to :om x 0 appo9t$ conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,god ( ,jacob 4 4 4 said4 ,!re=e ,he will$ to be born at ,be?lehem1 :]e ,david 0 born1 9 ord] t by ! v bir?place ! promise made to ,david might be %[n to be fulfill$4 ,! ,evangeli/ po9ts ?is out by say+3 ,because ,he 0 ( ! h\se & ( ! family ( ,david4 ,secondly1 because1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 viii 9 ,evang473 ,be?lehem is int]pret$ '! h\se ( bread4' ,x is ,*ri/ ,himself :o said1 ',i am ! liv+ ,bread :i* came d[n f heav54' ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,david 0 born 9 ,be?lehem1 s also did he *oose ,j]usalem to set up 8 ?rone !re1 & to build !re ! ,temple ( ,god1 s t ,j]usalem 0 at ! same "t a royal & a prie/ly city4 ,n[1 ,*ri/'s prie/hood & k+dom 7 consummat$ pr9cipally 9 ,8 ,passion4 ,!re=e x 0 becom+ t ,he %\ld *oose ,be?lehem = ,8 ,bir?place & ,j]usalem = ! sc5e ( ,8 ,passion4 ,at ! same "t1 too1 ,he put to sil5ce ! va9 boa/+ ( m5 :o take pride 9 be+ born 9 great cities1 :]e also !y desire especially to receive honor4 ,*ri/1 on ! contr>y1 will$ to be born 9 a mean city1 & to suff] reproa* 9 a great city4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ wi%$ to fl[] by ,8 holy life1 n 9 ,8 c>nal bir?4 ,!re=e ,he wi%$ to be fo/]$ & br\ght up at ,naz>e?4 ,b ,he wi%$ to be born at ,be?lehem away f home2 because1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 viii 9 ,evang471 ?r\gh ! human nature :i* ,he _h tak51 ,he 0 born1 z x 71 9 a =eign place--=eign n to ,8 p[]1 b to ,8 ,nature4 ,&1 aga91 z ,b$e says on ,luke #b3g3 ,9 ord] t ,he :o f\nd no room at ! inn might prep>e _m mansions = u 9 ,8 ,fa!r's h\se4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accord+ to a s]mon 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 99,p4 iii1 cap4 ix3 ,if ,he _h *os5 ! great city ( ,rome1 ! *ange 9 ! _w w\ld be ascrib$ to ! influ5ce ( h] citiz5s4 ,if ,he _h be5 ! son ( ! ,emp]or1 ,8 b5efits w\ld h be5 attribut$ to ! latt]'s p[]4 ,b t we might ackn[l$ge ! "w ( ,god 9 ! trans=mation ( ! :ole e>?1 ,he *ose a poor "m & a bir?place poor] /ill4 ,b ! weak ?+s ( ! _w ha? ,god *os51 t ,he may conf\nd ! /rong 7#a ,cor4 #a3bg74 ,& !re=e1 9 ord] ! m to %[ ,8 p[]1 ,he set up ! head ( ,8 ,*ur* 9 ,rome itself1 :i* 0 ! head ( ! _w1 9 sign ( ,8 complete victory1 9 ord] t f t city ! fai? might spread ?r\gh\t ! _w2 accord+ to ,isa4 #bf3e1 #f3 ,! high city ,he %all lay l[ 4 4 4 ! feet ( ! poor1 i4e4 ( ,*ri/1 %all tread x d[n2 ! /eps ( ! ne$y1 i4e4 ( ! apo/les ,pet] & ,paul4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ce1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ,born at a ,fitt+ ,"t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n born at a fitt+ "t4 ,because ,*ri/ came 9 ord] to re/ore lib]ty to ,8 own4 ,b ,he 0 born at a "t ( subjection--namely1 :5 ! :ole _w1 z x 71 tribut>y to ,augu/us1 0 be+ enroll$1 at 8 comm& z ,luke relates 7#b3a74 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ 0 n born at a fitt+ "t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! promises conc]n+ ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 7 n made to ! ,g5tiles2 accord+ to ,rom4 #i3d3 ,to :om belong 4 4 4 ! promises4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 born dur+ ! reign ( a =eign]1 z appe>s f ,matt4 #b3a3 ,:5 ,jesus 0 born 9 ! days ( ,k+ ,h]od4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he 0 n born at a fitt+ "t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! "t ( ,*ri/'s pres5ce on e>? is comp>$ to ! day1 because ,he is ! ,light ( ! _w2 :]e=e ,he says ,himself 7,john #i3d73 ,i mu/ "w ! works ( ,him t s5t ,me1 :il/ x is day4 ,b 9 summ] ! days are long] ?an 9 w9t]4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,he 0 born 9 ! dep? ( w9t]1 eight days be=e ! ,kal5ds ( ,janu>y1 x seems t ,he 0 n born at a fitt+ "t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,gal4 #d3d73 ,:5 ! fulness ( ! "t 0 come1 ,god s5t ,8 ,son1 made ( a woman1 made "u ! law4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re is ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ & o!r m51 t1 :]eas !y are born subject to ! re/rictions ( "t1 ,*ri/1 z ,"l & ,mak] ( all "t1 *ose a "t 9 :i* to be born1 j z ,he *ose a "m & a bir?place4 ,& s9ce :at is ( ,god is well ord]$ & becom+ly arrang$1 x foll[s t ,*ri/ 0 born at a mo/ fitt+ "t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ came 9 ord] to br+ u back f a /ate ( bondage to a /ate ( lib]ty4 ,& !re=e1 z ,he took our mortal nature 9 ord] to re/ore u to life1 s1 z ,b$e says 7,sup] ,luc4 ii1 #d1 #e71 ,he deign$ to take fle% at su* a "t t1 %ortly aft] ,8 bir?1 ,he w\ld be enroll$ 9 ,caes>'s c5sus1 & ?us submit ,himself to bondage = ! sake ( our lib]ty4 ,moreov]1 at t "t1 :5 ! :ole _w liv$ "u "o rul]1 peace ab\nd$ on ! e>?4 ,!re=e x 0 a fitt+ "t = ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 = ,he is our peace1 :o ha? made bo? "o1 z x is writt5 7,eph4 #b3ad74 ,:]e=e ,j]ome says on ,isa4 #b3d3 ,if we se>* ! page ( anci5t hi/ory1 we %all f9d t ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w !re 0 discord until ! tw5ty-eigh? ye> ( ,augu/us ,caes>3 b :5 our ,"l 0 born1 all w> ceas$2 accord+ to ,isa4 #b3d3 ,nation %all n lift up sword aga9/ nation4 ,aga91 x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be born :ile ! _w 0 gov]n$ by "o rul]1 because ,he came to ga!r ,8 own ,vulg43 '! *ildr5 ( ,god' toge!r 9 "o 7,john #aa3eb71 t !re might be "o fold & "o %eph]d 7,john #aj3af74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be born dur+ ! reign ( a =eign]1 t ! prophecy ( ,jacob might be fulfill$ 7,g54 #di3aj73 ,! sceptre %all n be tak5 away f ,juda1 nor a rul] f 8 ?igh1 till ,he come t is to be s5t4 ,because1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 ii 9 ,mat?4 99,opus ,imp]f41 falsely ascrib$ to ,*ryso/om71 z long z ! ,jewi% p 0 gov]n$ by ,jewi% k+s1 h[ev] wick$1 prophets 7 s5t = _! heal+4 ,b n[ t ! ,law ( ,god is "u ! p[] ( a wick$ k+1 ,*ri/ is born2 because a grave & hopeless disease dem&$ a m skilful physician4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z says ! au?or ( ! book ,de ,qq4 ,nov4 et ,vet4 ,te/41 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be born1 :5 ! light ( day beg9s to increase 9 l5g?1 s z to %[ t ,he came 9 ord] t man might come ne>] to ! ,div9e ,light1 accord+ to ,luke #a3gi3 ,to enlight5 !m t sit 9 d>kness & 9 ! %ad[ ( dea?4 ,9 l mann] ,he *ose to be born 9 ! r\gh w9t] season1 t ,he might beg9 f !n to suff] 9 body = u4 ,,"q #cf ,,( ,,! ,,manife/ation ,,( ,,! ,,newly ,,born ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! manife/ation ( ! newly born ,*ri/3 conc]n+ :i* !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n to all8 7#b7 ,:e!r x %\ld h be5 made kn[n to "s8 7#c7 ,to :om %\ld x h be5 made kn[n8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he %\ld h made ,himself kn[n1 or %\ld ,he r h be5 manife/$ by o!rs8 7#e7 ,by :at o!r means %\ld x h be5 made kn[n8 7#f7 ,( ! ord] ( ^! manife/ations2 7#g7 ,( ! /> by means ( :i* ,8 bir? 0 made kn[n2 7#h7 ( ! adoration ( ! ,magi1 :o 7 in=m$ ( ,*ri/'s nativity by means ( ! />4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cf1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,bir? ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,made ,kn[n to ,all8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n to all4 ,because fulfilm5t %\ld correspond to promise4 ,n[1 ! promise ( ,*ri/'s com+ is ?us express$ 7,ps4 #di3c73 ,god %all come manife/ly4 ,b ,he came by ,8 bir? 9 ! fle%4 ,!re=e x seems t ,8 bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n to ! :ole _w4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#a ,tim4 #a3ae73 ,*ri/ came into ?is _w to save s9n]s4 ,b ?is is n effect$ save 9 z f> z ! grace ( ,*ri/ is made kn[n to !m2 accord+ to ,titus #b3aa1 #ab3 ,! grace ( ,god our ,savi\r ha? appe>$ to all m51 in/ruct+ u1 t d5y+ ungodl9ess & worldly desires1 we %\ld live sob]ly1 & ju/ly1 & godly 9 ?is _w4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n to all4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,god is mo/ especially incl9$ to m]cy2 accord+ to ,ps4 #add3i3 ,8 t5d] m]cies are ov] all ,8 works4 ,b 9 ,8 second com+1 :5 ,he w judge ju/ices 7,ps4 #gj3c71 ,he w come be=e ! eyes ( all2 accord+ to ,matt4 #bd3bg3 ,z lightn+ come? out ( ! ea/1 & appe>e? ev5 into ! we/1 s %all also ! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,man be4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 %\ld ,8 fir/ com+1 :5 ,he 0 born into ! _w accord+ to ! fle%1 h be5 made kn[n to all4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #de3ae73 ,?\ art a hidd5 ,god1 ! ,holy ,vulg43 '! ,god ( ,israel1 ! ,savi\r4 ,&1 aga9 7,isa4 #dc3c73 ,8 look 01 z x 71 hidd5 & despis$4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 unfitt+ t ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld be made kn[n to all m5 )\t di/9ction4 ,fir/1 because ?is w\ld h be5 a h9drance to ! r$emption ( man1 :i* 0 accompli%$ by means ( ! ,cross2 =1 z x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #b3h73 ,if !y _h kn[n x1 !y w\ld nev] h crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory4 ,secondly1 because ?is w\ld h less5$ ! m]it ( fai?1 :i* ,he came to (f] m5 z ! way to righte\sness1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3bb3 ,! ju/ice ( ,god by fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,= if1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 born1 ,8 bir? _h be5 made kn[n to all by evid5t signs1 ! v nature ( fai? w\ld h be5 de/roy$1 s9ce x is ! evid5ce ( ?+s t appe> n1 z /at$1 ,heb4 #aa3a4 ,?irdly1 because ?us ! reality ( ,8 human nature w\ld h come into d\bt4 ,:5ce ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volusianum cxxxvii73 ,if ,he _h n pass$ ?r\gh ! diff]5t /ages ( age f babyhood to y\?1 _h nei!r eat5 nor slept1 w\ld ,he n h /r5g!n$ an errone\s op9ion1 & made x impossible = u to believe t ,he _h become true man8 ,& :ile ,he is do+ all ?+s wondr\sly1 w\ld ,he h tak5 away t :i* ,he accompli%$ 9 m]cy8 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,accord+ to ! gloss1 ! words quot$ mu/ be und]/ood ( ,*ri/'s com+ z judge4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,all m5 7 to be in/ruct$ unto salvation1 conc]n+ ! grace ( ,god our ,savi\r1 n at ! v "t ( ,8 bir?1 b aft]w>ds1 9 due "t1 aft] ,he _h wr\ght salvation 9 ! mid/ ( ! e>? 7,ps4 #gc3ab74 ,:]e=e aft] ,8 ,passion & ,resurrection1 ,he said to ,8 disciples 7,matt4 #bh3ai73 ,go+ 4 4 4 tea* ye all nations4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,= judgm5t to be pass$1 ! au?ority ( ! judge ne$s to be kn[n3 & = ?is reason x behooves t ! com+ ( ,*ri/ unto judgm5t %\ld be manife/4 ,b ,8 fir/ com+ 0 unto ! salvation ( all1 :i* is by fai? t is ( ?+s n se54 ,& !re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,8 fir/ com+ %\ld be hidd54 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cf1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,bir? ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,made ,kn[n to ,"s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld n h be5 made kn[n to anyone4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c71 x befitt$ ! salvation ( mank9d t ,*ri/'s fir/ com+ %\ld be hidd54 ,b ,*ri/ came to save all2 accord+ to #a ,tim4 #d3aj3 ,:o is ! ,savi\r ( all m51 especially ( ! fai?ful4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld n h be5 made kn[n to anyone4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 be=e ,*ri/ 0 born1 ,8 future bir? 0 made kn[n to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ,joseph4 ,!re=e x 0 n necess>y t x %\ld be made kn[n to o!rs aft] ,8 bir?4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no wise man makes kn[n t f :i* arise di/urbance & h>m to o!rs4 ,b1 :5 ,*ri/'s bir? 0 made kn[n1 di/urbance arose3 = x is writt5 7,matt4 #b3c7 t ,k+ ,h]od1 he>+ ( ,*ri/'s bir?1 0 tr\bl$1 & all ,j]usalem ) him4 ,moreov]1 ?is br\ght h>m to o!rs2 because x 0 ! occasion ( ,h]od's kill+ all ! male *ildr5 t 7 9 ,be?lehem 4 4 4 f two ye>s old & "u4 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ = ,*ri/'s bir? to h be5 made kn[n to anyone4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/'s bir? w\ld h be5 pr(itable to none if x _h be5 hidd5 f all4 ,b x behoov$ ,*ri/'s bir? to be pr(itable3 else ,he 7 born 9 va94 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n to "s4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #ac3a7 :at is ( ,god is well ord]$4 ,n[ x belongs to ! ord] ( ,div9e wisdom t ,god's gifts & ! secrets ( ,8 wisdom are n be/[$ on all equally1 b to "s imm$iately1 ?r\gh :om !y are made kn[n to o!rs4 ,:]e=e1 ) reg>d to ! my/]y ( ! ,resurrection x is writt5 7,acts #aj3dj1 #da73 ,god 4 4 4 gave ,*ri/ ris+ aga9 to be made manife/1 n to all ! p1 b to witnesses pre-orda9$ by ,god4 ,consequ5tly1 t ,8 bir? might be consi/5t ) ?is1 x %\ld h be5 made kn[n1 n to all1 b to "s1 ?r\gh :om x c\ld be made kn[n to o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z x w\ld h be5 prejudicial to ! salvation ( mank9d if ,god's bir? _h be5 made kn[n to all m51 s also w\ld x h be5 if none _h be5 in=m$ ( x4 ,because 9 ei!r case fai? is de/roy$1 :e!r a ?+ be p]fectly manife/1 or :e!r x be entirely unkn[n1 s t no "o c he> x f ano!r2 = fai? come? by he>+ 7,rom4 #aj3ag74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,m>y & ,joseph ne$$ to be in/ruct$ conc]n+ ,*ri/'s bir? be=e ,he 0 born1 because x devolv$ on !m to %[ rev]5ce to ! *ild conceiv$ 9 ! womb1 & to s]ve ,him ev5 be=e ,he 0 born4 ,b _! te/imony1 be+ ( a dome/ic "*1 w\ld h ar\s$ suspicion 9 reg>d to ,*ri/'s greatness3 & s x behoov$ x to be made kn[n to o!rs1 ^: te/imony c\ld n be suspect4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! v di/urbance t arose :5 x 0 kn[n t ,*ri/ 0 born 0 becom+ to ,8 bir?4 ,fir/1 because ?us ! heav5ly dignity ( ,*ri/ is made manife/4 ,:]e=e ,gregory says 7,hom4 x 9 ,evang473 ,aft] ! bir? ( ! ,k+ ( heav51 ! e>?ly k+ is tr\bl$3 d\btless because e>?ly gr&eur is cov]$ ) confusion :5 ! heav5ly maje/y is reveal$4 ,secondly1 !reby ! judicial p[] ( ,*ri/ 0 =e%ad[$4 ,?us ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon 7#cj de ,temp47 on ! ,epiphany3 ,:at w ,he be l 9 ! judgm5t-seat2 s9ce f ,8 cradle ,he /ruck t]ror into ! he>t ( a pr\d k+8 ,?irdly1 because ?us ! ov]?r[ ( ! devil's k+dom 0 =e%ad[$4 ,=1 z ,pope ,leo says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7,s]m4 v 99,opus ,imp]fectum 9 ,mat?41 ,hom4 ii1 falsely ascrib$ to ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om73 ,h]od 0 n s mu* tr\bl$ 9 himself z ! devil 9 ,h]od4 ,= ,h]od ?\ght ,him to be a man1 b ! devil ?\ght ,him to be ,god4 ,ea* fe>$ a successor to 8 k+dom3 ! devil1 a heav5ly successor2 ,h]od1 an e>?ly successor4 ,b _! fe> 0 ne$less3 s9ce ,*ri/ _h n come to set up an e>?ly k+dom1 z ,pope ,leo says1 address+ himself to ,h]od3 ,?y palace _c hold ,*ri/3 nor is ! ,"l ( ! _w cont5t ) ! paltry p[] ( ?y scept]4 ,t ! ,jews 7 tr\bl$1 :o1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld h rejoic$1 0 ei!r because1 z ,*ryso/om says1 wick$ m5 c\ld n rejoice at ! com+ ( ! ,holy "o1 or because !y wi%$ to c\rt favor ) ,h]od1 :om !y fe>$2 = ! populace is incl9$ to favor too mu* ^? ^: cruelty x endures4 ,& t ! *ildr5 7 sla9 by ,h]od 0 n h>mful to !m1 b pr(itable4 ,= ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7#ff de ,div]sis73 ,x _c be que/ion$ t ,*ri/1 :o came to set man free1 rew>d$ ^? :o 7 sla9 = ,him2 s9ce1 :ile hang+ on ! cross1 ,he pray$ = ^? :o 7 putt+ ,him to dea?4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cf1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,^? to ,:om ,*ri/'s ,bir? ,0 ,made ,kn[n ,7 ,suitably ,*os58 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ^? to :om ,*ri/'s bir? 0 made kn[n 7 n suitably *os54 ,= our ,"l 7,matt4 #aj3e7 comm&$ ,8 disciples1 ,g ye n into ! way ( ! ,g5tiles1 s t ,he might be made kn[n to ! ,jews be=e ! ,g5tiles4 ,!re=e x seems t mu* less %\ld ,*ri/'s bir? h be5 at once reveal$ to ! ,g5tiles :o came f ! ea/1 z /at$ ,matt4 #b3a4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! revelation ( ,div9e tru? %\ld be made especially to ! fri5ds ( ,god1 accord+ to ,job #cg ,vulg43 ,job #cf3cc3 ,he %ewe? ,8 fri5d conc]n+ x4 ,b ! ,magi seem to be ,god's foes2 = x is writt5 7,lev4 #ai3ca73 ,g n aside aft] wiz>ds 7magi71 nei!r ask any?+ ( soo?say]s4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld n h be5 made kn[n to ! ,magi4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ came 9 ord] to set free ! :ole _w f ! p[] ( ! devil2 :5ce x is writt5 7,mala*i #a3aa73 ,f ! ris+ ( ! sun ev5 to ! go+ d[n1 ,my "n is great among ! ,g5tiles4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld h be5 made kn[n1 n only to ^? :o dwelt 9 ! ea/1 b also to "s f all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 all ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law 7 figures ( ,*ri/4 ,b ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law 7 disp5s$ ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( ! legal prie/hood4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n r to ! prie/s 9 ! ,temple ?an to ! %eph]ds 9 ! fields4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ 0 born ( a ,virg9-,"m1 & 0 z yet a little *ild4 ,x 0 !re=e m suitable t ,he %\ld be made kn[n to y\?s & virg9s ?an to old & m>ri$ p or to wid[s1 su* z ,simeon & ,anna4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #ac3ah73 ,i "k :om ,i h *os54 ,b :at is done by ,god's wisdom is done becom+ly4 ,!re=e ^? to :om ,*ri/'s bir? 0 made kn[n 7 suitably *os54 ,i answ] t1 ,salvation1 :i* 0 to be accompli%$ by ,*ri/1 conc]ns all sorts & conditions ( m53 because1 z x is writt5 7,col4 #c3aa71 9 ,*ri/ !re is nei!r male nor female1 99,^! words are 9 reality f ,gal4 #c3bh nei!r ,g5tile nor ,jew 4 4 4 bond nor free1 & s =?4 ,& 9 ord] t ?is might be =e%ad[$ 9 ,*ri/'s bir?1 ,he 0 made kn[n to m5 ( all conditions4 ,because1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7#cb de ,temp471 ! %eph]ds 7 ,israelites1 ! ,magi 7 ,g5tiles4 ,! =m] 7 nigh to ,him1 ! latt] f> f ,him4 ,bo? ha/5$ to ,him toge!r z to ! corn]/one4 ,!re 0 also ano!r po9t ( contra/3 = ! ,magi 7 wise & p[]ful2 ! %eph]ds simple & l[ly4 ,he 0 also made kn[n to ! righte\s z ,simeon & ,anna2 & to s9n]s1 z ! ,magi4 ,he 0 made kn[n bo? to m51 & to wom5--namely1 to ,anna--s z to %[ no condition ( m5 to be exclud$ f ,*ri/'s r$emption4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,t manife/ation ( ,*ri/'s bir? 0 a k9d ( =eta/e ( ! full manife/ation :i* 0 to come4 ,& z 9 ! lat] manife/ation ! fir/ ann\ncem5t ( ! grace ( ,*ri/ 0 made by ,him & ,8 ,apo/les to ! ,jews & aft]w>ds to ! ,g5tiles1 s ! fir/ to come to ,*ri/ 7 ! %eph]ds1 :o 7 ! fir/-fruits ( ! ,jews1 z be+ ne> to ,him2 & aft]w>ds came ! ,magi f af>1 :o 7 ! fir/-fruits ( ! ,g5tiles1 z ,augu/9e says 7,s]m4 #cj de ,temp4 cc474 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7,s]m4 #cj de ,temp473 ,z unskilfulness pr$om9ates 9 ! ru/ic mann]s ( ! %eph]d1 s ungodl9ess ab\nds 9 ! pr(ane rites ( ! ,magi4 ,yet did ?is ,corn]-,/one draw bo? to ,itself2 inasmu* z ,he came 'to *oose ! fooli% ?+s t ,he might conf\nd ! wise1' & 'n to call ! j1 b s9n]s1' s t ! pr\d might n boa/1 nor ! weak despair4 ,nev]!less1 !re are ^? :o say t ^! ,magi 7 n wiz>ds1 b wise a/ronom]s1 :o are call$ ,magi among ! ,p]sians or ,*aldees4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 99,hom4 ii 9 ,mat?4 9 ! ,opus ,imp]f41 among ! supposititi\s works ( ,*ryso/om3 ,! ,magi came f ! ea/1 because ! fir/ beg9n+ ( fai? came f ! l& :]e ! day is born2 s9ce fai? is ! light ( ! s\l4 ,or1 because all :o come to ,*ri/ come f ,him & ?r\gh ,him3 :5ce x is writt5 7,ze*4 #f3ab73 ,behold a ,man1 ! ,ori5t is ,8 "n4 ,n[1 !y are said to come f ! ea/ lit]ally1 ei!r because1 z "s say1 !y came f ! f>!/ p>ts ( ! ea/1 or because !y came f ! neighbor+ p>ts ( ,judea t lie to ! ea/ ( ! region inhabit$ by ! ,jews4 ,yet x is to be believ$ t c]ta9 signs ( ,*ri/'s bir? appe>$ also 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w3 ?us1 at ,rome ! riv] fl[$ ) oil 99,eusebius1 ,*ronic4 ,,ii1 ,olymp4 #ahe2 & 9 ,spa9 ?ree suns 7 se51 :i* gradually m]g$ into "o 99,cf4 ,eusebius1 ,*ronic4 ,,ii1 ,olymp4 #ahd4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z ,*ryso/om obs]ves 7,!ophylact41 ,en>r4 9 ,luc4 ii1 #h71 ! angel :o ann\nc$ ,*ri/'s bir? did n g to ,j]usalem1 nor did he seek ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 = !y 7 corrupt$1 & full ( ill-w4 ,b ! %eph]ds 7 s+le-m9d$1 & 7 l ! patri>*s & ,moses 9 _! mode ( life4 ,moreov]1 ^! %eph]ds 7 types ( ! ,doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 to :om are reveal$ ! my/]ies ( ,*ri/ t 7 hidd5 f ! ,jews4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,z ,ambrose says 7on ,luke #b3be73 ,x 0 "r t our ,"l's bir? %\ld be atte/$ n only by ! %eph]ds1 b also by p advanc$ 9 age & virtue3 ^: te/imony is r5d]$ ! m cr$ible by reason ( _! righte\sness4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cf1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,himself ,%\ld ,h ,made ,8 ,bir? ,kn[n8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld h ,himself made ,8 bir? kn[n4 ,= a direct cause is always ( great] p[] ?an an indirect cause1 z is /at$ ,phys4 viii4 ,b ,*ri/ made ,8 bir? kn[n ?r\gh o!rs--= in/ance1 to ! %eph]ds ?r\gh ! angels1 & to ! ,magi ?r\gh ! />4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 %\ld ,he ,himself h made ,8 bir? kn[n4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #bj3cb73 ,wisdom t is hid & treasure t is n se52 :at pr(it is !re 9 !m bo?8 ,b ,*ri/ _h1 to p]fection1 ! treasure ( wisdom & grace f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception4 ,!re=e1 unless ,he _h made ! fulness ( ^! gifts kn[n by words & de$s1 wisdom & grace w\ld h be5 giv5 ,him to no purpose4 ,b ?is is unreasonable3 because ,god & nature d no?+ )\t a purpose 7,de ,coelo i74 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 we read 9 ! book ,de ,infantia ,salvatoris t 9 ,8 infancy ,*ri/ work$ _m miracles4 ,x seems !re=e t ,he did ,himself make ,8 bir? kn[n4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,leo says 7,s]m4 xxxiv7 t ! ,magi f\nd ! infant ,jesus 9 no way diff]5t f ! g5]ality ( human infants4 ,b o!r infants d n make !mselves kn[n4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld ,himself make ,8 bir? kn[n4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s bir? 0 ord]$ unto man's salvation1 :i* is by fai?4 ,b sav+ fai? confesses ,*ri/'s ,godhead & humanity4 ,x behoov$1 !re=e1 ,*ri/'s bir? to be made kn[n 9 su* a way t ! pro( ( ,8 ,godhead %\ld n be prejudicial to fai? 9 ,8 human nature4 ,b ?is took place :ile ,*ri/ pres5t$ a lik5ess ( human weakness1 & yet1 by means ( ,god's creatures1 ,he %[$ ! p[] ( ! ,godhead 9 ,himself4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ made ,8 bir? kn[n1 n by ,himself1 b by means ( c]ta9 o!r creatures4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,by ! way ( g5]ation & movem5t we mu/ ( necessity come to ! imp]fect be=e ! p]fect4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/ 0 made kn[n fir/ ?r\gh o!r creatures1 & aft]w>ds ,he ,himself manife/$ ,himself p]fectly4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh hidd5 wisdom is useless1 yet !re is no ne$ = a wise man to make himself kn[n at all times1 b at a suitable "t2 = x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #bj3f73 ,!re is "o t holde? 8 peace because he kn[e? n :at to say3 & !re is ano!r t holde? 8 peace1 kn[+ ! prop] "t4 ,h5ce ! wisdom giv5 to ,*ri/ 0 n useless1 because at a suitable "t ,he manife/$ ,himself4 ,& ! v fact t ,he 0 hidd5 at a suitable "t is a sign ( wisdom4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! book ,de ,infantia ,salvatoris is apocryphal4 ,moreov]1 ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 xxi sup] ,joan47 says t ,*ri/ work$ no miracles be=e *ang+ ! wat] into w9e1 accord+ to ,john #b3aa3 ',?is beg9n+ ( miracles did ,jesus4' ,= if ,he _h work$ miracles at an e>ly age1 !re w\ld h be5 no ne$ = anyone else to manife/ ,him to ! ,israelites2 :]eas ,john ! ,bapti/ says 7,john #a3ca73 ',t ,he may be made manife/ 9 ,israel2 !re=e am ,i come baptiz+ ) wat]4' ,moreov]1 x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld n beg9 to "w miracles at an e>ly age4 ,= p w\ld h ?\ght ! ,inc>nation to be unreal1 &1 out ( %e] spite1 w\ld h crucifi$ ,him be=e ! prop] "t4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cf1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,bir? ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,manife/$ by ,means ( ! ,angels & ! ,/>8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld n h be5 manife/$ by means ( ! angels4 ,= angels are spiritual sub/ances1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ajc3d3 ,:o make? ,8 ,vulg43 'make/ ,?y' angels1 spirits4 ,b ,*ri/'s bir? 0 9 ! fle%1 & n 9 ,8 spiritual sub/ance4 ,!re=e x %\ld n h be5 manife/$ by means ( angels4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! righte\s are m ak9 to ! angels ?an to any o!r1 accord+ to ,ps4 #cc3h3 ,! angel ( ! ,"l %all encamp r\nd ab\t !m t fe> ,him1 & %all deliv] !m4 ,b ,*ri/'s bir? 0 n ann\nc$ to ! righte\s1 viz4 ,simeon & ,anna1 ?r\gh ! angels4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld x h be5 ann\nc$ to ! %eph]ds by means ( ! angels4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x seems t nei!r ought x to h be5 ann\nc$ to ! ,magi by means ( ! />4 ,= ?is seems to favor ! error ( ^? :o ?9k t man's bir? is influ5c$ by ! />s4 ,b occasions ( s9 %\ld be tak5 away f man4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld be ann\nc$ by a />4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 a sign %\ld be c]ta91 9 ord] t some?+ be made kn[n !reby4 ,b a /> does n seem to be a c]ta9 sign ( ,*ri/'s bir?4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s bir? 0 n suitably ann\nc$ by a />4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,deut4 #cb3d73 ,! works ( ,god are p]fect4 ,b ?is manife/ation is ! "w ( ,god4 ,!re=e x 0 accompli%$ by means ( suitable signs4 ,i answ] t1 ,z k is imp>t$ ?r\gh a syllogism f some?+ :i* we "k bett]1 s k giv5 by signs mu/ be convey$ ?r\gh ?+s :i* are famili> to ^? to :om ! k is imp>t$4 ,n[1 x is cle> t ! righte\s h1 ?r\gh ! _s ( prophecy1 a c]ta9 famili>ity ) ! int]ior in/9ct ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & are wont to be taught !reby1 )\t ! guidance ( s5sible signs4 ,:]eas o!rs1 occupi$ ) mat]ial ?+s1 are l$ ?r\gh ! doma9 ( ! s5ses to t ( ! intellect4 ,! ,jews1 h[ev]1 7 accu/om$ to receive ,div9e answ]s ?r\gh ! angels2 ?r\gh :om !y also receiv$ ! ,law1 accord+ to ,acts #g3ec3 ,y ,vulg43 ':o' 4 4 4 h receiv$ ! ,law by ! disposition ( angels4 ,& ! ,g5tiles1 especially a/rolog]s1 7 wont to obs]ve ! c\rse ( ! />s4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/'s bir? 0 made kn[n to ! righte\s1 viz4 ,simeon & ,anna1 by ! int]ior in/9ct ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 accord+ to ,luke #b3bf3 ,he _h receiv$ an answ] f ! ,holy ,gho/ t he %\ld n see dea? be=e he _h se5 ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,"l4 ,b to ! %eph]ds & ,magi1 z be+ occupi$ ) mat]ial ?+s1 ,*ri/'s bir? 0 made kn[n by means ( visible app>itions4 ,& s9ce ?is bir? 0 n only e>?ly1 b also1 9 a way1 heav5ly1 to bo? 7%eph]ds & ,magi7 x is reveal$ ?r\gh heav5ly signs3 =1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cciv73 ,! angels inhabit1 & ! />s adorn1 ! heav5s3 by bo?1 !re=e1 d ! 'heav5s %[ =? ! glory ( ,god4' ,moreov]1 x 0 n )\t reason t ,*ri/'s bir? 0 made kn[n1 by means ( angels1 to ! %eph]ds1 :o1 be+ ,jews1 7 accu/om$ to frequ5t app>itions ( ! angels3 :]eas x 0 reveal$ by means ( a /> to ! ,magi1 :o 7 wont to consid] ! heav5ly bodies4 ,because1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 vi 9 ,mat?473 ,our ,"l deign$ to call !m ?r\gh ?+s to :i* !y 7 accu/om$4 ,!re is also ano!r reason4 ,=1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 x 9 ,evang473 ,to ! ,jews1 z rational be+s1 x 0 fitt+ t a rational animal 99,cf4 ,i1 ,q4 #ea1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b1 viz4 an angel1 %\ld prea*4 ,:]eas ! ,g5tiles1 :o 7 unable to come to ! k ( ,god ?r\gh ! reason1 7 l$ to ,god1 n by words1 b by signs4 ,& z our ,"l1 :5 ,he 0 able to speak1 0 ann\nc$ by h]alds :o spoke1 s be=e ,he c\ld speak ,he 0 manife/$ by spee*less elem5ts4 ,aga91 !re is yet ano!r reason4 ,=1 z ,augu/9e 99,pope ,leo says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany3 ,to ,abraham 0 promis$ an innum]able prog5y1 begott51 n ( c>nal propagation1 b ( ! fruitfulness ( fai?4 ,= ?is reason x is comp>$ to ! multitude ( />s2 t a heav5ly prog5y might be hop$ =4 ,:]e=e ! ,g5tiles1 :o are ?us designat$ by ! />s1 are by ! ris+ ( a new /> /imulat$ to seek ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om !y are made ! se$ ( ,abraham4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,t :i* ( itself is hidd5 ne$s to be manife/$1 b n t :i* 9 itself is manife/4 ,n[1 ! fle% ( ,him :o 0 born 0 manife/1 :]eas ! ,godhead 0 hidd54 ,& !re=e x 0 fitt+ t ?is bir? %\ld be made kn[n by angels1 :o are ! m9i/]s ( ,god4 ,:]e=e also a c]ta9 brightness 7,luke #b3i7 accompani$ ! angelic app>ition1 to indicate t ,he :o 0 j born 0 ! ,brightness ( ! ,fa!r's glory4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! righte\s did n ne$ ! visible app>ition ( ! angel2 on acc\nt ( _! p]fection ! int]ior in/9ct ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 en\gh = !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! /> :i* manife/$ ,*ri/'s bir? remov$ all occasion ( error4 ,=1 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 ii73 ,no a/rolog] has ev] s f> connect$ ! />s ) man's fate at ! "t ( 8 bir? z to ass]t t "o ( ! />s1 at ! bir? ( any man1 left its orbit & made its way to him :o 0 j born3 z happ5$ 9 ! case ( ! /> :i* made kn[n ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly ?is does n corroborate ! error ( ^? :o ?9k !re is a connection betwe5 man's bir? & ! c\rse ( ! />s1 = !y d n hold t ! c\rse ( ! />s c be *ang$ at a man's bir?4 ,9 ! same s5se ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 vi 9 ,mat?473 ,x is n an a/ronom]'s bus9ess to "k f ! />s ^? :o are born1 b to tell ! future f ! h\r ( a man's bir?3 :]eas ! ,magi did n "k ! "t ( ! bir?1 s z to conclude !refrom "s k ( ! future2 r 0 x ! o!r way ab\t4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ryso/om relates 7,hom4 ii 9 ,mat?47 t1 accord+ to "s apocryphal books1 a c]ta9 tribe 9 ! f> ea/ ne> ! ocean 0 9 ! possession ( a docum5t writt5 by ,se?1 ref]r+ to ?is /> & to ! pres5ts to be (f]$3 :i* tribe wat*$ att5tively = ! ris+ ( ?is />1 twelve m5 be+ appo9t$ to take obs]vations1 :o at /at$ times repair$ to ! summit ( a m\nta9 ) fai?ful assiduity3 :5ce !y subsequ5tly p]ceiv$ ! /> conta9+ ! figure ( a small *ild1 & above x ! =m ( a cross4 ,or we may say1 z may be read 9 ! book ,de ,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/41 qu4 lxiii1 t ^! ,magi foll[$ ! tradition ( ,balaam1 :o said1 ',a /> %all rise out ( ,jacob4' ,:]e=e obs]v+ ?is /> to be a /rang] to ! sy/em ( ?is _w1 !y ga!r$ t x 0 ! "o =etold by ,balaam to indicate ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews4 ,or aga91 x may be said ) ,augu/9e1 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7ccclxxiv71 t ! ,magi _h receiv$ a revelation ?r\gh ! angels t ! /> 0 a sign ( ! bir? ( ,*ri/3 & he ?9ks x probable t ^! 7 good angels2 s9ce 9 ador+ ,*ri/ !y 7 seek+ = salvation4 ,or ) ,pope ,leo1 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7xxxiv71 t besides ! outw>d =m :i* ar\s$ ! att5tion ( _! corporeal eyes1 a m brilliant ray enlight5$ _! m9ds ) ! light ( fai?4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cf1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,bir? ,0 ,made ,kn[n 9 a ,becom+ ,ord]8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s bir? 0 made kn[n 9 an unbecom+ ord]4 ,= ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n to !m fir/ :o 7 ne>e/ to ,*ri/1 & :o long$ = ,him mo/2 accord+ to ,wis4 #f3ad3 ,%e prev5te? !m t covet h]1 s t %e fir/ %[e? h]self unto !m4 ,b ! righte\s 7 ne>e/ to ,*ri/ by fai?1 & long$ mo/ = ,8 com+2 :5ce x is writt5 7,luke #b3be7 ( ,simeon t he 0 j & dev\t1 wait+ = ! consolation ( ,israel4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n to ,simeon be=e ! %eph]ds & ,magi4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,magi 7 ! fir/-fruits ( ! ,g5tiles1 :o 7 to believe 9 ,*ri/4 ,b fir/ ! fulness ( ! ,g5tiles 4 4 4 come 9 unto fai?1 & aft]w>ds all ,israel %all be sav$1 z is writt5 7,rom4 #aa3be74 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s bir? %\ld h be5 made kn[n to ! ,magi be=e ! %eph]ds4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,matt4 #b3af7 t ,h]od kill$ all ! male *ildr5 t 7 9 ,be?lehem1 & 9 all ! bord]s !re(1 f two ye>s old & "u1 accord+ to ! "t :i* he _h dilig5tly inquir$ f ! wise m53 s t x seems t ! ,magi 7 two ye>s 9 com+ to ,*ri/ aft] ,8 bir?4 ,x 0 !re=e unbecom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be made kn[n to ! ,g5tiles s long aft] ,8 bir?4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,dan4 #b3ba73 ,he *anges "t & ages4 ,consequ5tly ! "t ( ! manife/ation ( ,*ri/'s bir? seems to h be5 arrang$ 9 a suitable ord]4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s bir? 0 fir/ made kn[n to ! %eph]ds on ! v day t ,he 0 born4 ,=1 z x is writt5 7,luke #b3h1 #ae1 #af73 ,!re 7 9 ! same c\ntry %eph]ds wat*+1 & keep+ ! night-wat*es ov] _! flock 4 4 4 ,& x came to pass1 aft] ! angels dep>t$ f !m into heav5 !y ,vulg43 '! %eph]ds' said "o to ano!r3 ,let u g ov] to ,be?lehem 4 4 4 & !y came ) ha/e4 ,second 9 ord] 7 ! ,magi1 :o came to ,*ri/ on ! ?irte5? day aft] ,8 bir?1 on :i* day is kept ! fea/ ( ! ,epiphany4 ,= if !y _h come aft] a ye>1 or ev5 two ye>s1 !y w\ld n h f\nd ,him 9 ,be?lehem1 s9ce x is writt5 7,luke #b3ci7 t aft] !y _h p]=m$ all ?+s accord+ to ! law ( ! ,"l--t is to say1 aft] !y _h (f]$ up ! ,*ild ,jesus 9 ! ,temple--!y return$ into ,galilee1 to _! city--namely1 ,naz>e?4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 x 0 made kn[n 9 ! ,temple to ! righte\s on ! =tie? day aft] ,8 bir?1 z relat$ by ,luke 7#b3bb74 ,! reason ( ?is ord] is t ! %eph]ds repres5t ! apo/les & o!r believ]s ( ! ,jews1 to :om ! fai? ( ,*ri/ 0 made kn[n fir/2 among :om !re 7 n _m mighty1 n _m noble1 z we read #a ,cor4 #a3bf4 ,secondly1 ! fai? ( ,*ri/ came to ! fulness ( ! ,g5tiles2 & ?is is =e%ad[$ 9 ! ,magi4 ,?irdly x came to ! fulness ( ! ,jews1 :i* is =e%ad[$ 9 ! righte\s4 ,:]e=e also ,*ri/ 0 manife/$ to !m 9 ! ,jewi% ,temple4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #i3cj1 #ca73 ,israel1 by foll[+ aft] ! law ( ju/ice1 is n come unto ! law ( ju/ice3 b ! ,g5tiles1 :o foll[$ n aft] ju/ice1 =e/all$ ! g5]ality ( ! ,jews 9 ! ju/ice :i* is ( fai?4 ,z a figure ( ?is1 ,simeon1 :o 0 wait+ = ! consolation ( ,israel1 0 ! la/ to "k ,*ri/ born3 & he 0 prec$$ by ! ,magi & ! %eph]ds1 :o did n await ! com+ ( ,*ri/ ) su* long+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ! fulness ( ! ,g5tiles came 9 unto fai? be=e ! fulness ( ! ,jews1 yet ! fir/-fruits ( ! ,jews prec$$ ! fir/-fruits ( ! ,g5tiles 9 fai?4 ,= ?is reason ! bir? ( ,*ri/ 0 made kn[n to ! %eph]ds be=e ! ,magi4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!re are two op9ions ab\t ! app>ition ( ! /> se5 by ! ,magi4 ,= ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 ii 9 ,mat?4 99,opus ,imp]f4 9 ,mat?41 falsely ascrib$ to ,*ryso/om71 & ,augu/9e 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cxxxi1 cxxxii71 say t ! /> 0 se5 by ! ,magi dur+ ! two ye>s t prec$$ ! bir? ( ,*ri/3 & !n1 hav+ fir/ consid]$ ! matt] & prep>$ !mselves = ! j\rney1 !y came f ! f>!/ ea/ to ,*ri/1 arriv+ on ! ?irte5? day aft] ,8 bir?4 ,:]e=e ,h]od1 imm$iately aft] ! dep>ture ( ! ,magi1 p]ceiv+ t ,he 0 delud$ by !m1 comm&$ ! male *ildr5 to be kill$ f two ye>s old & "u1 be+ d\btful le/ ,*ri/ 7 already born :5 ! /> appe>$1 accord+ z he _h he>d f ! ,magi4 ,b o!rs say t ! /> fir/ appe>$ :5 ,*ri/ 0 born1 & t ! ,magi set (f z soon z !y saw ! />1 & accompli%$ a j\rney ( v great l5g? 9 ?irte5 days1 ow+ p>tly to ! ,div9e assi/ance1 & p>tly to ! fleetness ( ! drom$>ies4 ,& ,i say ?is on ! supposition t !y came f ! f> ea/4 ,b o!rs1 aga91 say t !y came f a neighbor+ c\ntry1 :5ce also 0 ,balaam1 to ^: tea*+ !y 7 heirs2 & !y are said to h come f ! ea/1 because _! c\ntry 0 to ! ea/ ( ! c\ntry ( ! ,jews4 ,9 ?is case ,h]od kill$ ! babes1 n z soon z ! ,magi dep>t$1 b two ye>s aft]3 & t ei!r because he is said to h gone to ,rome 9 ! mean:ile on acc\nt ( an accusation br\ght aga9/ him1 or because he 0 tr\bl$ at "s imm95t p]il1 & = ! "t be+ desi/$ f 8 anxiety to slay ! *ild1 or because he may h ?\ght t ! ,magi1 be+ deceiv$ by ! illusory appe>ance ( ! />1 & n f9d+ ! *ild1 z !y _h expect$ to1 7 a%am$ to return to him3 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 ii74 ,& ! reason :y he kill$ n only ^? :o 7 two ye>s old1 b also ! y\ng] *ildr51 w\ld be1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,innoc5ts1 because he fe>$ le/ a *ild :om ! />s obey1 might make himself appe> old] or y\ng]4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cf1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,/> ,:i* ,appe>$ to ! ,magi ,belong$ to ! ,heav5ly ,sy/em8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! /> :i* appe>$ to ! ,magi belong$ to ! heav5ly sy/em4 ,= ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cxxii73 ,:ile ,god yet cl+s to ! brea/1 & suff]s ,himself to be wrapp$ 9 humble swaddl+ clo!s1 sudd5ly a new /> %9es =? 9 ! heav5s4 ,!re=e ! /> :i* appe>$ to ! ,magi belong$ to ! heav5ly sy/em4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cci73 ,*ri/ 0 made kn[n to ! %eph]ds by angels1 to ! ,magi by a />4 ,a heav5ly tongue speaks to bo?1 because ! tongue ( ! prophets spoke no long]4 ,b ! angels :o appe>$ to ! %eph]ds 7 really angels f heav54 ,!re=e also ! /> :i* appe>$ to ! ,magi 0 really a /> f ! heav5s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 />s :i* are n 9 ! heav5s b 9 ! air are call$ comets1 :i* d n appe> at ! bir? ( k+s1 b r are signs ( _! approa*+ dea?4 ,b ?is /> 0 a sign ( ! ,k+'s bir?3 :]e=e ! ,magi said 7,matt4 #b3b73 ,:]e is ,he t is born ,k+ ( ! ,jews8 ,= we h se5 ,8 /> 9 ! ea/4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 a /> f ! heav5s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 ii73 ,x 0 n "o ( ^? />s :i* s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! creation obs]ve ! c\rse appo9t$ to !m by ! ,creator2 b ?is /> 0 a /rang] to ! heav5s1 & made its appe>ance at ! /range sight ( a virg9 9 *ildbir?4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 vi 9 ,mat?471 x is cle>1 = _m reasons1 t ! /> :i* appe>$ to ! ,magi did n belong to ! heav5ly sy/em4 ,fir/1 because no o!r /> approa*es f ! same qu>t] z ?is />1 ^: c\rse 0 f nor? to s\?1 ^! be+ ! relative positions ( ,p]sia1 :5ce ! ,magi came1 & ,judea4 ,secondly1 f ! "t at :i* x 0 se54 ,= x appe>$ n only at night1 b also at midday3 & no /> c d ?is1 n ev5 ! moon4 ,?irdly1 because x 0 visible at "o "t & hidd5 at ano!r4 ,= :5 !y ent]$ ,j]usalem x hid itself3 !n1 :5 !y _h left ,h]od1 x %[$ itself aga94 ,f\r?ly1 because its movem5t 0 n cont9u\s1 b :5 ! ,magi _h to cont9ue _! j\rney ! /> mov$ on2 :5 !y _h to /op ! /> /ood /ill2 z happ5$ to ! pill> ( a cl\d 9 ! des]t4 ,fif?ly1 because x indicat$ ! virg9al ,bir?1 n by rema9+ al(t1 b by com+ d[n bel[4 ,= x is writt5 7,matt4 #b3i7 t ! /> :i* !y _h se5 9 ! ea/ w5t be=e !m1 until x came & /ood ov] :]e ! *ild 04 ,:5ce x is evid5t t ! words ( ! ,magi1 ,we h se5 ,8 /> 9 ! ea/1 are to be tak5 z mean+1 n t :5 !y 7 9 ! ea/ ! /> appe>$ ov] ! c\ntry ( ,judea1 b t :5 !y saw ! /> x 0 9 ! ea/1 & t x prec$$ !m into ,judea 7al?\gh ?is is consid]$ d\btful by "s74 ,b x c\ld n h indicat$ ! h\se di/9ctly1 unless x 7 ne> ! e>?4 ,&1 z he ,*ryso/om obs]ves1 ?is does n seem fitt+ to a />1 b ( "s p[] end[$ ) reason4 ,consequ5tly x seems t ?is 0 "s invisible =ce made visible "u ! =m ( a />4 ,:]e=e "s say t1 z ! ,holy ,gho/1 aft] our ,"l's ,baptism1 came d[n on ,him "u ! =m ( a dove1 s did ,he appe> to ! ,magi "u ! =m ( a />4 ,:ile o!rs say t ! angel :o1 "u a human =m1 appe>$ to ! %eph]ds1 "u ! =m ( a />1 appe>$ to ! ,magi4 ,b x seems m probable t x 0 a newly creat$ />1 n 9 ! heav5s1 b 9 ! air ne> ! e>?1 & t its movem5t v>i$ accord+ to ,god's w4 ,:]e=e ,pope ,leo says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7xxxi73 ,a /> ( unusual brightness appe>$ to ! ?ree ,magi 9 ! ea/1 :i*1 ?r\gh be+ m brilliant & m beautiful ?an ! o!r />s1 drew m5's gaze & att5tion3 s t !y und]/ood at once t su* an unwont$ ev5t c\ld n be devoid ( purpose4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ,holy ,scripture ! air is sometimes call$ ! heav5s--= in/ance1 ,! birds ( ! heav5s ,d\ay3 'air' & ! fi%es ( ! sea4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! angels ( heav51 by reason ( _! v (fice1 come d[n to u1 be+ s5t to m9i/]4 ,b ! />s ( heav5 d n *ange _! position4 ,:]e=e !re is no comp>ison4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ! /> did n foll[ ! c\rse ( ! heav5ly />s1 s nei!r did x foll[ ! c\rse ( ! comets1 :i* nei!r appe> dur+ ! daytime nor v>y _! cu/om>y c\rse4 ,nev]!less 9 its signification x has some?+ 9 common ) ! comets4 ,because ! heav5ly k+dom ( ,*ri/ %all break 9 pieces1 & %all consume all ! k+doms ( ! e>?1 & itself %all /& = ev] 7,dan4 #b3dd74 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cf1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,becom+ ,t ! ,magi ,%\ld ,come to ,adore ,*ri/ & ,pay ,homage to ,him8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 unbecom+ t ! ,magi %\ld come to adore ,*ri/ & pay homage to ,him4 ,= rev]5ce is due to a k+ f 8 subjects4 ,b ! ,magi did n belong to ! k+dom ( ! ,jews4 ,!re=e1 s9ce !y knew by see+ ! /> t ,he t 0 born 0 ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews1 x seems unbecom+ t !y %\ld come to adore ,him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x seems absurd dur+ ! reign ( "o k+ to proclaim a /rang]4 ,b 9 ,judea ,h]od 0 reign+4 ,!re=e x 0 fooli% ( ! ,magi to proclaim ! bir? ( a k+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a heav5ly sign is m c]ta9 ?an a human sign4 ,b ! ,magi _h come to ,judea f ! ea/1 "u ! guidance ( a heav5ly sign4 ,!re=e x 0 fooli% ( !m to seek human guidance besides t ( ! />1 say+3 ,:]e is ,he t is born ,k+ ( ! ,jews8 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! (f]+ ( gifts & ! homage ( adoration are n due save to k+s already reign+4 ,b ! ,magi did n f9d ,*ri/ respl5d5t ) k+ly gr&eur4 ,!re=e x 0 unbecom+ = !m to (f] ,him gifts & homage4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #fj3c73 ,! ,g5tiles %all walk 9 ! light1 & k+s 9 ! brightness ( ?y ris+4 ,b ^? :o walk 9 ! ,div9e light d n err4 ,!re=e ! ,magi 7 "r 9 (f]+ homage to ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #c1 ad #a71 ! ,magi are ! fir/-fruits ( ! ,g5tiles t believ$ 9 ,*ri/2 because _! fai? 0 a presage ( ! fai? & devotion ( ! nations :o 7 to come to ,*ri/ f af>4 ,& !re=e1 z ! devotion & fai? ( ! nations is )\t any error ?r\gh ! inspiration ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 s also we mu/ believe t ! ,magi1 inspir$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 did wisely 9 pay+ homage to ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cc473 ,?\gh _m k+s ( ! ,jews _h be5 born & di$1 none ( !m did ! ,magi seek to adore4 ,& s !y :o came f a di/ant =eign l& to a k+dom t 0 entirely /range to !m1 _h no idea ( %[+ su* great homage to su* a k+ z ! ,jews 7 wont to h4 ,b !y _h le>nt t su* a ,k+ 0 born t by ador+ ,him !y might be sure ( obta9+ f ,him ! salvation :i* is ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by proclaim+ ,*ri/ ,k+ ! ,magi =e%ad[$ ! con/ancy ( ! ,g5tiles 9 confess+ ,*ri/ ev5 until dea?4 ,:5ce ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 ii 9 ,mat?47 t1 :ile !y ?\ght ( ! ,k+ :o 0 to come1 ! ,magi fe>$ n ! k+ :o 0 actually pres5t4 ,!y _h n yet se5 ,*ri/1 & !y 7 already prep>$ to die = ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cc473 ,! /> :i* l$ ! ,magi to ! place :]e ! ,div9e ,infant 0 ) ,8 ,virg9-,"m c\ld br+ !m to ! t[n ( ,be?lehem1 9 :i* ,*ri/ 0 born4 ,yet x hid itself until ! ,jews also bore te/imony ( ! city 9 :i* ,*ri/ 0 to be born3 s t1 be+ enc\rag$ by a tw(old witness1 z ,pope ,leo says 7,s]m4 xxxiv71 !y might seek ) m ard5t fai? ,him1 :om bo? ! brightness ( ! /> & ! au?ority ( prophecy reveal$4 ,?us !y proclaim t ,*ri/ is born1 & inquire :]e2 !y believe & ask1 z x 71 betok5+ ^? :o walk by fai? & desire to see1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cxcix74 ,b ! ,jews1 by indicat+ to !m ! place ( ,*ri/'s bir?1 are l ! c>p5t]s :o built ! ,ark ( ,noe1 :o provid$ o!rs ) ! means ( escape1 & !mselves p]i%$ 9 ! flood4 ,^? :o ask$1 he>d & w5t _! way3 ! tea*]s spoke & /ay$ :]e !y 72 l ! mile/ones t po9t out ! way b walk n 7,augu/9e1 ,s]m4 cclxxiii74 ,x 0 also by ,god's w t1 :5 !y no long] saw ! />1 ! ,magi1 by human in/9ct1 w5t to ,j]usalem1 to seek 9 ! royal city ! new-born ,k+1 9 ord] t ,*ri/'s bir? might be publicly proclaim$ fir/ 9 ,j]usalem1 accord+ to ,isa4 #b3c3 ,! ,law %all come =? f ,sion1 & ! ,^w ( ! ,"l f ,j]usalem2 & also 9 ord] t by ! zeal ( ! ,magi :o came f af>1 ! indol5ce ( ! ,jews :o liv$ ne> at h&1 might be prov$ wor?y ( condemnation 7,remig41 ,hom4 9 ,mat?4 ii1 #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 ii 9 ,mat?4 99,f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum73 ,if ! ,magi _h come 9 se>* ( an e>?ly ,k+1 !y w\ld h be5 disconc]t$ at f9d+ t !y _h tak5 ! tr\ble to come su* a long way = no?+4 ,consequ5tly !y w\ld h nei!r ador$ nor (f]$ gifts4 ,b s9ce !y s\ght a heav5ly ,k+1 ?\gh !y f\nd 9 ,him no signs ( royal pre-em95ce1 yet1 cont5t ) ! te/imony ( ! /> alone1 !y ador$3 = !y saw a man1 & !y ackn[l$g$ a ,god4 ,moreov]1 !y (f] gifts 9 keep+ ) ,*ri/'s greatness3 gold1 z to ! great ,k+2 !y (f] up inc5se z to ,god1 because x is us$ 9 ! ,div9e ,sacrifice2 & myrrh1 :i* is us$ 9 embalm+ ! bodies ( ! dead1 is (f]$ z to ,him :o is to die = ! salvation ( all 7,gregory1 ,hom4 x 9 ,evang474 ,& h]eby1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 x 9 ,evang471 we are taught to (f] gold1 :i* signifies wisdom1 to ! new-born ,k+1 by ! lu/] ( our wisdom 9 ,8 sight4 ,we (f] ,god inc5se1 :i* signifies f]vor 9 pray]1 if our con/ant pray]s m\nt up to ,god ) an odor ( sweetness2 & we (f] myrrh1 :i* signifies mortification ( ! fle%1 if we mortify ! ill-de$s ( ! fle% by refra9+ f !m4 ,,"q #cg ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,circumcision1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,o!r ,,legal ,,obs]vances ,,accompli%$ ,,9 ,,reg>d ,,to ,,! ,,*ild ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ,*ri/'s circumcision4 ,& s9ce ! circumcision is a k9d ( pr(ession ( obs]v+ ! ,law1 accord+ to ,gal4 #e3c3 ,i te/ify 4 4 4 to e man circumcis+ himself t he is a debtor to d ! :ole ,law1 we %all h at ! same "t to inquire ab\t ! o!r legal obs]vances accompli%$ 9 reg>d to ! ,*ild ,*ri/4 ,!re=e !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,8 circumcision2 7#b7 ,! imposition ( ,8 "n2 7#c7 ,8 pres5tation2 7#d7 ,8 ,"m's purification4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cg1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,circumcis$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 circumcis$4 ,= on ! adv5t ( ! reality1 ! figure ceases4 ,b circumcision 0 prescrib$ to ,abraham z a sign ( ! cov5ant conc]n+ 8 po/]ity1 z may be se5 f ,g54 #ag4 ,n[ ?is cov5ant 0 fulfill$ 9 ,*ri/'s bir?4 ,!re=e circumcision %\ld h ceas$ at once4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 e action ( ,*ri/ is a lesson to u 99,innoc4 ,,iii1 ,s]m4 xxii de ,temp42 :]e=e x is writt5 7,john #c3ae73 ,i h giv5 y an example1 t z ,i h done to y1 s y d also4 ,b we ought n to be circumcis$2 accord+ to ,gal4 #e3b3 ,if y be circumcis$1 ,*ri/ %all pr(it y no?+4 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r %\ld ,*ri/ h be5 circumcis$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 circumcision 0 prescrib$ z a rem$y ( orig9al s94 ,b ,*ri/ did n contract orig9al s91 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #c2 ,q4 #ae1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 circumcis$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #b3ba73 ,aft] eight days 7 accompli%$1 t ! *ild %\ld be circumcis$4 ,i answ] t1 ,= sev]al reasons ,*ri/ ought to h be5 circumcis$4 ,fir/1 9 ord] to prove ! reality ( ,8 human nature1 9 contradiction to ! ,mani*eans1 :o said t ,he _h an imag9>y body3 & 9 contradiction to ,apoll9>ius1 :o said t ,*ri/'s body 0 consub/antial ) ,8 ,godhead2 & 9 contradiction to ,val5t9e1 :o said t ,*ri/ br\ght ,8 body f heav54 ,secondly1 9 ord] to %[ ,8 approval ( circumcision1 :i* ,god _h in/itut$ ( old4 ,?irdly1 9 ord] to prove t ,he 0 desc5d$ f ,abraham1 :o _h receiv$ ! comm&m5t ( circumcision z a sign ( 8 fai? 9 ,him4 ,f\r?ly1 9 ord] to take away f ! ,jews an excuse = n receiv+ ,him1 if ,he 7 uncircumcis$4 ,fif?ly1 9 ord] by ,8 example to exhort u to be ob$i5t 99,b$e1 ,hom4 x 9 ,evang44 ,:]e=e ,he 0 circumcis$ on ! eigh? day accord+ to ! prescription ( ! ,law 7,lev4 #ab3c74 ,six?ly1 t ,he :o _h come 9 ! lik5ess ( s9ful fle% might n reject ! rem$y :]eby s9ful fle% 0 wont to be heal$4 ,sev5?ly1 t by tak+ on ,himself ! burd5 ( ! ,law1 ,he might set o!rs free !refrom1 accord+ to ,gal4 #d3d1 #e3 ,god s5t ,8 ,son 4 4 4 made "u ! ,law1 t ,he might r$eem !m :o 7 "u ! ,law4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,circumcision by ! removal ( ! piece ( sk9 9 ! memb] ( g5]ation1 signifi$ ! pass+ away ( ! old g5]ation 99,a?anasius1 ,de ,sabb4 et ,circumcis43 f ! decrepitude ( :i* we are fre$ by ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,consequ5tly ?is figure 0 n completely fulfill$ 9 ,*ri/'s bir?1 b 9 ,8 ,passion1 until :i* "t ! circumcision reta9$ its virtue & /atus4 ,!re=e x behoov$ ,*ri/ to be circumcis$ z a son ( ,abraham be=e ,8 ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ submitt$ to circumcision :ile x 0 yet ( obligation4 ,& ?us ,8 action 9 ?is %\ld be imitat$ by u1 9 fulfill+ ^? ?+s :i* are ( obligation 9 our own "t4 ,because !re is a "t & opportunity = e bus9ess 7,eccl #h3f74 ,moreov]1 accord+ to ,orig5 7,hom4 xiv 9 ,luc471 z we di$ :5 ,he di$1 & rose aga9 :5 ,*ri/ rose f ! dead1 s 7 we circumcis$ spiritually ?r\gh ,*ri/3 :]e=e we ne$ no c>nal circumcision4 ,& ?is is :at ! ,apo/le says 7,col4 #b3aa73 ,9 :om1 i4e4 ,*ri/ y are circumcis$ ) circumcision n made by h& 9 despoil+ ( ! body ( ! fle%1 b 9 ! circumcision ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ri/ volunt>ily took ^u ,himself our dea?1 :i* is ! effect ( s91 :]eas ,he _h no s9 ,himself1 9 ord] to deliv] u f dea?1 & to make u to die spiritually unto s91 s also ,he took ^u ,himself circumcision1 :i* 0 a rem$y aga9/ orig9al s91 :]eas ,he contract$ no orig9al s91 9 ord] to deliv] u f ! yoke ( ! ,law1 & to accompli% a spiritual circumcision 9 u--9 ord]1 t is to say1 t1 by tak+ ^u ,himself ! %ad[1 ,he might accompli% ! reality4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cg1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,8 ,"n ,0 ,suitably ,giv5 to ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t an unsuitable "n 0 giv5 to ,*ri/4 ,= ! ,gospel reality %\ld correspond to ! prophetic =etell+4 ,b ! prophets =etold ano!r "n = ,*ri/3 = x is writt5 7,isa4 #g3ad73 ,behold a virg9 %all conceive & be> a son1 & ,8 "n %all be call$ ,emmanuel2 & 7,isa4 #h3c73 ,call ,8 "n1 ,ha/5 to take away ! spoils2 ,make ha/e to take away ! prey2 & 7,isa4 #i3f73 ,8 "n %all be call$ ,wond]ful1 ,c\nselor ,god ! ,mighty1 ! ,fa!r ( ! _w to come1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace2 & 7,ze*4 #f3ab73 ,behold a ,man1 ! ,ori5t is ,8 "n4 ,?us x 0 unsuitable t ,8 "n %\ld be call$ ,jesus4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,isa4 #fb3b73 ,?\ %alt be call$ by a new "n1 :i* ! m\? ( ! ,"l ha? nam$ ,vulg43 '%all "n'4 ,b ! "n ,jesus is n a new "n1 b 0 giv5 to sev]al 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t3 z may be se5 9 ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/ 7,luke #c3bi71 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 unfitt+ = ,8 "n to be call$ ,jesus4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! "n ,jesus signifies salvation2 z is cle> f ,matt4 #a3ba3 ,%e %all br+ =? a son1 & ?\ %alt call ,8 "n ,jesus4 ,= ,he %all save ,8 p f _! s9s4 ,b salvation ?r\gh ,*ri/ 0 accompli%$ n only 9 ! circumcision1 b also 9 uncircumcision1 z is decl>$ by ! ,apo/le 7,rom4 #d3aa1 #ab74 ,!re=e ?is "n 0 n suitably giv5 to ,*ri/ at ,8 circumcision4 ,on ! contr>y is ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 9 :i* x is writt5 7,luke #b3ba73 ,aft] eight days 7 accompli%$1 t ! *ild %\ld be circumcis$1 ,8 "n 0 call$ ,jesus4 ,i answ] t1 ,a "n %\ld answ] to ! nature ( a ?+4 ,?is is cle> 9 ! names ( g5]a & species1 z /at$ ,metaph4 iv3 ,s9ce a "n is b an expression ( ! def9ition :i* designates a ?+'s prop] nature4 ,n[1 ! names ( individual m5 are always tak5 f "s prop]ty ( ! m5 to :om !y are giv54 ,ei!r 9 reg>d to "t2 ?us m5 are nam$ aft] ! ,sa9ts on ^: fea/s !y are born3 or 9 respect ( "s blood relation2 ?us a son is nam$ aft] 8 fa!r or "s o!r relation2 & ?us ! k9sfolk ( ,john ! ,bapti/ wi%$ to call him by 8 fa!r's "n ,za*>y1 n by ! "n ,john1 because !re 0 none ( 8 k9dr$ t 0 call$ by ?is "n1 z relat$ ,luke #a3ei-fa4 ,or1 aga91 f "s occurr5ce2 ?us ,joseph call$ ! "n ( ! fir/-born ,manasses1 say+3 ,god ha? made me to =get all my labors 7,g54 #da3ea74 ,or1 aga91 f "s quality ( ! p]son :o receives ! "n2 ?us x is writt5 7,g54 #be3be7 t he t came =? fir/ 0 r$ & hairy l a sk92 & 8 "n 0 call$ ,esau1 :i* is int]pret$ r$4 ,b names giv5 to m5 by ,god always signify "s gratuit\s gift be/[$ on !m by ,him2 ?us x 0 said to ,abraham 7,g54 #ag3e73 ,?\ %alt be call$ ,abraham2 because ,i h made !e a fa!r ( _m nations3 & x 0 said to ,pet] 7,matt4 #af3ah73 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ?is pr]ogative ( grace 0 be/[$ on ! ,man ,*ri/ t ?r\gh ,him all m5 might be sav$1 !re=e ,he 0 becom+ly nam$ ,jesus1 i4e4 ,savi\r3 ! angel hav+ =etold ?is "n n only to ,8 ,"m1 b also to ,joseph1 :o 0 to be 8 fo/]-fa!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,all ^! names 9 "s way mean ! same z ,jesus1 :i* means salvation4 ,= ! "n ,emmanuel1 :i* be+ int]pret$ is ',god ) u1' designates ! cause ( salvation1 :i* is ! union ( ! ,div9e & human natures 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 ! result ( :i* union 0 t ,god is ) u4 ,:5 x 0 said1 ,call 8 "n1 ,ha/5 to take away1 etc41 ^! words indicate f :at ,he sav$ u1 viz4 f ! devil1 ^: spoils ,he took away1 accord+ to ,col4 #b3ae3 ,despoil+ ! pr9cipalities & p[]s1 ,he ha? expos$ !m confid5tly4 ,:5 x 0 said1 ,8 "n %all be call$ ,wond]ful1 etc41 ! way & t]m ( our salvation are po9t$ out3 inasmu* z by ! wond]ful c\nsel & might ( ! ,godhead we are br\ght to ! inh]itance ( ! life to come1 9 :i* ! *ildr5 ( ,god w enjoy p]fect peace "u ,god _! ,pr9ce4 ,:5 x 0 said1 ,behold a ,man1 ! ,ori5t is ,8 "n1 ref]5ce is made to ! same1 z 9 ! fir/1 viz4 to ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 by reason ( :i* to ! righte\s a light is ris5 up 9 d>kness 7,ps4 #aaa3d74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! "n ,jesus c\ld be suitable = "s o!r reason to ^? :o liv$ be=e ,*ri/--= in/ance1 because !y 7 savi\rs 9 a p>ticul> & temporal s5se4 ,b 9 ! s5se ( spiritual & univ]sal salvation1 ?is "n is prop] to ,*ri/1 & ?us x is call$ a new "n4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z is relat$ ,g54 #ag1 ,abraham receiv$ f ,god & at ! same "t bo? 8 "n & ! comm&m5t ( circumcision4 ,= ?is reason x 0 cu/om>y among ! ,jews to "n *ildr5 on ! v day ( circumcision1 z ?\gh be=e be+ circumcis$ !y _h n z yet p]fect exi/5ce3 j z n[ also *ildr5 receive _! names 9 ,baptism4 ,:]e=e on ,prov4 #d3c1 ,i 0 my fa!r's son1 t5d]1 & z an only son 9 ! sight ( my "m1 ! gloss says3 ,:y does ,solomon call himself an only son 9 ! sight ( 8 "m1 :5 ,scripture te/ifies t he _h an eld] bro!r ( ! same "m1 unless x be t ! latt] di$ unnam$ soon aft] bir?8 ,!re=e x 0 t ,*ri/ receiv$ ,8 "n at ! "t ( ,8 circumcision4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cg1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ,becom+ly ,pres5t$ 9 ! ,temple8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 unbecom+ly pres5t$ 9 ! ,temple4 ,= x is writt5 7,ex4 #ac3b73 ,sanctify unto ,me e fir/-born t op5e? ! womb among ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,b ,*ri/ came =? f ! clos$ womb ( ! ,virg92 & ?us ,he did n op5 ,8 ,"m's womb4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n b\nd by ?is law to be pres5t$ 9 ! ,temple4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 t :i* is always 9 "o's pres5ce _c be pres5t$ to "o4 ,b ,*ri/'s humanity 0 always 9 ,god's pres5ce 9 ! highe/ degree1 z be+ always unit$ to ,him 9 unity ( p]son4 ,!re=e !re 0 no ne$ = ,him to be pres5t$ to ! ,"l4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is ! pr9cipal victim1 to :om all ! victims ( ! old ,law are ref]r$1 z ! figure to ! reality4 ,b a victim %\ld n be (f]$ up = a victim4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ano!r victim %\ld be (f]$ up = ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 among ! legal victims ! pr9cipal 0 ! lamb1 :i* 0 a cont9ual sacrifice ,vulg43 'holocau/'1 z is /at$ ,num4 #bh3f3 = :i* reason ,*ri/ is also call$ ! ,lamb--,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god 7,john #a3 #bi74 ,x 0 !re=e m fitt+ t a lamb %\ld be (f]$ = ,*ri/ ?an a pair ( turtle doves or two "y pigeons4 ,on ! contr>y is ! au?ority ( ,scripture :i* relates ?is z hav+ tak5 place 7,luke #b3bb74 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be made "u ! ,law1 t ,he might r$eem !m :o 7 "u ! ,law 7,gal4 #d3d1 #e71 & t ! ju/ification ( ! ,law might be spiritually fulfill$ 9 ,8 memb]s4 ,n[1 ! ,law conta9$ a tw(old precept t\*+ ! *ildr5 born4 ,"o 0 a g5]al precept :i* affect$ all--namely1 t :5 ! days ( ! "m's purification 7 expir$1 a sacrifice 0 to be (f]$ ei!r = a son or = a daught]1 z laid d[n ,lev4 #ab3f4 ,& ?is sacrifice 0 = ! expiation ( ! s9 9 :i* ! *ild 0 conceiv$ & born2 & also = a c]ta9 consecration ( ! *ild1 because x 0 !n pres5t$ 9 ! ,temple = ! fir/ "t4 ,:]e=e "o (f]+ 0 made z a holocau/ & ano!r = s94 ,! o!r 0 a special precept 9 ! law conc]n+ ! fir/-born ( bo? man & bea/3 = ! ,"l claim$ = ,himself all ! fir/-born 9 ,israel1 because1 9 ord] to deliv] ! ,israelites1 ,he slew e fir/-born 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 bo? m5 & cattle 7,ex4 #ab3ab1 #ac1 #bi71 ! fir/-born ( ,israel be+ sav$2 :i* law is set d[n ,ex4 #ac4 ,"h also 0 ,*ri/ =e%ad[$1 :o is ! ,fir/-born among/ _m bre?r5 7,rom4 #h3bi74 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,*ri/ 0 born ( a woman & 0 h] fir/-born1 & s9ce ,he wi%$ to be made "u ! ,law1 ! ,evangeli/ ,luke %[s t bo? ^! precepts 7 fulfill$ 9 ,8 reg>d4 ,fir/1 z to t :i* conc]ns ! fir/-born1 :5 he says 7,luke #b3bb1 #bc73 ,!y c>ri$ ,him to ,j]usalem to pres5t ,him to ! ,"l3 z x is writt5 9 ! law ( ! ,"l1 ',e male op5+ ! womb %all be call$ holy to ! ,"l4' ,secondly1 z to ! g5]al precept :i* conc]n$ all1 :5 he says 7,luke #b3bd73 ,& to (f] a sacrifice accord+ z x is writt5 9 ! law ( ! ,"l1 a pair ( turtle doves or two "y pigeons4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,gregory ( ,nyssa says 7,de ,occursu ,dom473 ,x seems t ?is precept ( ! ,law 0 fulfill$ 9 ,god inc>nate alone 9 a special mann] exclusively prop] to ,him4 ,= ,he alone1 ^: conception 0 ineffable1 & ^: bir? 0 incompreh5sible1 op5$ ! virg9al womb :i* _h be5 clos$ to sexual union1 9 su* a way t aft] bir? ! seal ( *a/ity rema9$ inviolate4 ,consequ5tly ! words op5+ ! womb imply t no?+ hi!rto _h ent]$ or gone =? !refrom4 ,aga91 = a special reason is x writt5 'a male1' because ,he contract$ no?+ ( ! woman's s93 & 9 a s+ul> way is ,he call$ 'holy1' because ,he felt no contagion ( e>?ly corruption1 ^: bir? 0 wondr\sly immaculate 7,ambrose1 on ,luke #b3bc74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ! ,son ( ,god became man1 & 0 circumcis$ 9 ! fle%1 n = ,8 own sake1 b t ,he might make u to be ,god's ?r\gh grace1 & t we might be circumcis$ 9 ! _s2 s1 aga91 = our sake ,he 0 pres5t$ to ! ,"l1 t we may le>n to (f] ourselves to ,god 99,a?anasius1 on ,luke #b3bc4 ,& ?is 0 done aft] ,8 circumcision1 9 ord] to %[ t no "o :o is n circumcis$ f vice is wor?y ( ,div9e reg>d 99,b$e1 on ,luke #b3bc4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,= ?is v reason ,he wi%$ ! legal victims to be (f]$ = ,him :o 0 ! true ,victim1 9 ord] t ! figure might be unit$ to & confirm$ by ! reality1 aga9/ ^? :o d5i$ t 9 ! ,gospel ,*ri/ prea*$ ! ,god ( ! ,law4 ,= we mu/ n ?9k1 says ,orig5 7,hom4 xiv 9 ,luc47 t ! good ,god subject$ ,8 ,son to ! enemy's law1 :i* ,he ,himself _h n giv54 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! law ( ,lev4 #ab3f1 #h comm&$ ^? :o c\ld1 to (f]1 = a son or a daught]1 a lamb & also a turtle dove or a pigeon3 b ^? :o 7 unable to (f] a lamb 7 comm&$ to (f] two turtle doves or two "y pigeons 99,b$e1 ,hom4 xv 9 ,purif44 ,& s ! ,"l1 :o1 'be+ ri*1 became poor = our ,vulg43 'y\r' sakes1 t ?r\gh ,8 pov]ty we y might be ri*1 z is writt5 #b ,cor4 #h3i1 wi%$ ! poor man's victim to be (f]$ = ,him j z 9 ,8 bir? ,he 0 wrapp$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s & laid 9 a mang] 99,b$e on ,luke #a4 ,nev]!less1 ^! birds h a figurative s5se4 ,= ! turtle dove1 be+ a loquaci\s bird1 repres5ts ! prea*+ & confession ( fai?2 & because x is a *a/e animal1 x signifies *a/ity2 & be+ a solit>y animal1 x signifies contemplation4 ,! pigeon is a g5tle & simple animal1 & !re=e signifies g5tl5ess & simplicity4 ,x is also a greg>i\s animal2 :]e=e x signifies ! active life4 ,consequ5tly ?is sacrifice signifi$ ! p]fection ( ,*ri/ & ,8 memb]s4 ,aga91 bo? ^! animals1 by ! pla9tiv5ess ( _! song1 repres5t$ ! m\rn+ ( ! sa9ts 9 ?is life3 b ! turtle dove1 be+ solit>y1 signifies ! te>s ( pray]2 :]eas ! pigeon1 be+ greg>i\s1 signifies ! public pray]s ( ! ,*ur* 99,b$e1 ,hom4 xv 9 ,purif44 ,la/ly1 two ( ea* ( ^! animals are (f]$1 to %[ t hol9ess %\ld be n only 9 ! s\l1 b also 9 ! body4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #cg1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ! ,"m ( ,god ,%\ld ,g to ! ,temple to ,be ,purifi$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 unfitt+ = ! ,"m ( ,god to g to ! ,temple to be purifi$4 ,= purification presupposes uncleanness4 ,b !re 0 no uncleanness 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg91 z /at$ above 7,,qq4 #bg1 #bh74 ,!re=e %e %\ld n h gone to ! ,temple to be purifi$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,lev4 #ab3b-d73 ,if a woman1 hav+ receiv$ se$1 %all be> a man-*ild1 %e %all be unclean sev5 days2 & consequ5tly %e is =bidd5 to ent] into ! sanctu>y until ! days ( h] purification be fulfill$4 ,b ! ,bless$ ,virg9 br\ght =? a male *ild )\t receiv+ ! se$ ( man4 ,!re=e %e _h no ne$ to come to ! ,temple to be purifi$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 purification f uncleanness is accompli%$ by grace alone4 ,b ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law did n conf] grace2 r1 inde$1 did %e h ! v ,au?or ( grace ) h]4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 %\ld come to ! ,temple to be purifi$4 ,on ! contr>y is ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 :]e x is /at$ 7,luke #b3bb7 t ! days ( ,m>y's purification 7 accompli%$ accord+ to ! law ( ,moses4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! fulness ( grace fl[$ f ,*ri/ on to ,8 ,"m1 s x 0 becom+ t ! "m %\ld be l h] ,son 9 humility3 = ,god give? grace to ! humble1 z is writt5 ,james #d3f4 ,& !re=e1 j z ,*ri/1 ?\gh n subject to ! ,law1 wi%$1 nev]!less1 to submit to circumcision & ! o!r burd5s ( ! ,law1 9 ord] to give an example ( humility & ob$i5ce2 & 9 ord] to %[ ,8 approval ( ! ,law2 &1 aga91 9 ord] to take away f ! ,jews an excuse = calumniat+ ,him3 = ! same reasons ,he wi%$ ,8 ,"m also to fulfil ! prescriptions ( ! ,law1 to :i*1 nev]!less1 %e 0 n subject4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ! ,bless$ ,virg9 _h no uncleanness1 yet %e wi%$ to fulfil ! obs]vance ( purification1 n because %e ne$$ x1 b on acc\nt ( ! precept ( ! ,law4 ,?us ! ,evangeli/ says po9t$ly t ! days ( h] purification accord+ to ! ,law 7 accompli%$2 = %e ne$$ no purification 9 h]self4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,moses seems to h *os5 8 words 9 ord] to exclude uncleanness f ! ,"m ( ,god1 :o 0 ) *ild )\t receiv+ se$4 ,x is !re=e cle> t %e 0 n b\nd to fulfil t precept1 b fulfill$ ! obs]vance ( purification ( h] own accord1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! sacram5ts ( ! ,law did n cleanse f ! uncleanness ( s9 :i* is accompli%$ by grace1 b !y =e%ad[$ ?is purification3 = !y cleans$ by a k9d ( c>nal purification1 f ! uncleanness ( a c]ta9 irregul>ity1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ajb1 ,a4 #e2 ,q4 #ajc1 ,a4 #b74 ,b ! ,bless$ ,virg9 contract$ nei!r uncleanness1 & consequ5tly did n ne$ to be purifi$4 ,,"q #ch ,,( ,,! ,,baptism ,,( ,,john 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we n[ proce$ to consid] ! baptism :]e) ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$4 ,& s9ce ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john1 we %all consid] 7#a7 ! baptism ( ,john 9 g5]al2 7#b7 ! baptiz+ ( ,*ri/4 ,9 reg>d to ! =m] !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ t ,john %\ld baptize8 7#b7 ,:e!r t baptism 0 f ,god8 7#c7 ,:e!r x conf]r$ grace8 7#d7 ,:e!r o!rs besides ,*ri/ %\ld h receiv$ t baptism8 7#e7 ,:e!r t baptism %\ld h ceas$ :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$8 7#f7 ,:e!r ^? :o receiv$ ,john's baptism _h aft]w>ds to receive ,*ri/'s baptism8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ch1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ,john ,%\ld ,baptize8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ t ,john %\ld baptize4 ,= e sacram5tal rite belongs to "s law4 ,b ,john did n introduce a new law4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t he %\ld introduce ! new rite ( baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,john 0 s5t by ,god 4 4 4 = a witness 7,john #a3f1 #g7 z a prophet2 accord+ to ,luke #a3gf3 ,?\1 *ild1 %alt be call$ ! prophet ( ! ,highe/4 ,b ! prophets :o liv$ be=e ,*ri/ did n introduce any new rite1 b p]suad$ m5 to obs]ve ! rites ( ! ,law4 z is cle>ly /at$ ,mala*i #d3d3 ,rememb] ! law ( ,moses ,my s]vant4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld ,john h introduc$ a new rite ( baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :5 !re is too mu* ( any?+1 no?+ %\ld be add$ to x4 ,b ! ,jews obs]v$ a sup]fluity ( baptisms2 = x is writt5 7,mk4 #g3c1 #d7 t ! ,ph>isees & all ! ,jews eat n )\t (t5 wa%+ _! h&s 4 4 4 & :5 !y come f ! m>ket1 unless !y be wa%$1 !y eat n2 & _m o!r ?+s !re are t h be5 deliv]$ to !m to obs]ve1 ! wa%+s ( cups & ( pots1 & ( braz5 vessels1 & ( b$s4 ,!re=e x 0 unfitt+ t ,john %\ld baptize4 ,on ! contr>y is ! au?ority ( ,scripture 7,matt4 #c3e1 #f71 :i*1 aft] /at+ ! hol9ess ( ,john1 adds _m w5t out to him1 & 7 baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ,john to baptize1 = f\r reasons3 fir/1 x 0 necess>y = ,*ri/ to be baptiz$ by ,john1 9 ord] t ,he might sanctify baptism2 z ,augu/9e obs]ves1 sup] ,joan4 7,tract4 xiii 9 ,joan474 ,secondly1 t ,*ri/ might be manife/$4 ,:5ce ,john himself says 7,john #a3ca73 ,t ,he1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 may be made manife/ 9 ,israel1 !re=e am ,i come baptiz+ ) wat]4 ,= he ann\nc$ ,*ri/ to ! cr[ds t ga!r$ ar\nd him2 :i* 0 ?us done mu* m easily ?an if he _h gone 9 se>* ( ea* individual1 z ,*ryso/om obs]ves1 comm5t+ on ,/4 ,john 7,hom4 x 9 ,mat?474 ,?irdly1 t by 8 baptism he might accu/om m5 to ! baptism ( ,*ri/2 :]e=e ,gregory says 9 a homily 7,hom4 vii 9 ,evang47 t !re=e did ,john baptize1 t1 be+ consi/5t ) 8 (fice ( precursor1 z he _h prec$$ our ,"l 9 bir?1 s he might also by baptiz+ prec$e ,him :o 0 ab\t to baptize4 ,f\r?ly1 t by p]suad+ m5 to d p5ance1 he might prep>e m5 to receive wor?ily ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e ,b$e 99,cf4 ,scot4 ,erig4 9 ,joan4 iii1 #bd says t ! baptism ( ,john 0 z pr(itable be=e ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 z in/ruction 9 ! fai? pr(its ! cate*um5s n yet baptiz$4 ,= j z he prea*$ p5ance1 & =etold ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 & drew m5 to ! k ( ! ,tru? t ha? appe>$ to ! _w1 s d ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*1 aft] in/ruct+ m51 *ide !m = _! s9s1 & la/ly promise !m =giv5ess 9 ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! baptism ( ,john 0 n a sacram5t prop]ly s call$ 7p] se71 b a k9d ( sacram5tal1 prep>atory to ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly1 9 a way1 x belong$ to ! law ( ,*ri/1 b n to ! law ( ,moses4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,john 0 n only a prophet1 b m ?an a prophet1 z /at$ ,matt4 #aa3i3 = he 0 ! t]m ( ! ,law & ! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel4 ,!re=e x 0 9 8 prov9ce to lead m51 bo? by ^w & de$1 to ! law ( ,*ri/ r ?an to ! obs]vance ( ! ,old ,law4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^? baptisms ( ! ,ph>isees 7 va91 be+ ord]$ m]ely unto c>nal cleanl9ess4 ,b ! baptism ( ,john 0 ord]$ unto spiritual cleanl9ess1 s9ce x l$ m5 to d p5ance1 z /at$ above4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ch1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,baptism ( ,john ,0 f ,god8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! baptism ( ,john 0 n f ,god4 ,= no?+ sacram5tal t is f ,god is nam$ aft] a m]e man3 ?us ! baptism ( ! ,new ,law is n nam$ aft] ,pet] or ,paul1 b aft] ,*ri/4 ,b t baptism is nam$ aft] ,john1 accord+ to ,matt4 #ba3be3 ,! baptism ( ,john 4 4 4 0 x f heav5 or f m58 ,!re=e ! baptism ( ,john 0 n f ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 e doctr9e t proce$s f ,god anew is confirm$ by "s signs3 ?us ! ,"l 7,ex4 #d7 gave ,moses ! p[] ( work+ signs2 & x is writt5 7,heb4 #b3c1 #d7 t our fai? hav+ begun to be decl>$ by ! ,"l1 0 confirm$ unto u by !m t he>d ,him1 ,god also be>+ !m witness by signs & wond]s4 ,b x is writt5 ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 7,john #aj3da7 t ,john did no sign4 ,!re=e x seems t ! baptism :]e) he baptiz$ 0 n f ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ^? sacram5ts :i* are in/itut$ by ,god are conta9$ 9 c]ta9 precepts ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,b !re is no precept ( ,holy ,writ comm&+ ! baptism ( ,john4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 n f ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #a3cc73 ,he :o s5t me to baptize ) wat] said to me3 ',he ^u :om ?\ %alt see ! ,_s1' etc4 ,i answ] t1 ,two ?+s may be consid]$ 9 ! baptism ( ,john--namely1 ! rite ( baptism & ! effect ( baptism4 ,! rite ( baptism 0 n f m51 b f ,god1 :o by an int]ior revelation ( ! ,holy ,gho/ s5t ,john to baptize4 ,b ! effect ( t baptism 0 f man1 because x effect$ no?+ t man c\ld n accompli%4 ,:]e=e x 0 n f ,god alone1 except 9 z f> z ,god works 9 man4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,by ! baptism ( ! ,new ,law m5 are baptiz$ inw>dly by ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ?is is accompli%$ by ,god alone4 ,b by ! baptism ( ,john ! body alone 0 cleans$ by ! wat]4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3aa73 ,i baptize y 9 wat]2 b 4 4 4 ,he %all baptize y 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= ?is reason ! baptism ( ,john 0 nam$ aft] him1 because x effect$ no?+ t he did n accompli%4 ,b ! baptism ( ! ,new ,law is n nam$ aft] ! m9i/] !re(1 because he does n accompli% its pr9cipal effect1 :i* is ! inw>d cleans+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! :ole tea*+ & "w ( ,john 0 ord]$ unto ,*ri/1 :o1 by _m miracles confirm$ bo? ,8 own tea*+ & t ( ,john4 ,b if ,john _h work$ signs1 m5 w\ld h paid equal att5tion to ,john & to ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e1 9 ord] t m5 might pay great] att5tion to ,*ri/1 x 0 n giv5 to ,john to "w a sign4 ,yet :5 ! ,jews ask$ him :y he baptiz$1 he confirm$ 8 (fice by ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 say+3 ,i am ! voice ( "o cry+ 9 ! wild]ness1 etc4 z relat$1 ,john #a3bc 7cf4 ,isa4 #dj3c74 ,moreov]1 ! v au/]ity ( 8 life 0 a comm5dation ( 8 (fice1 because1 z ,*ryso/om says1 comm5t+ on ,mat!w 7,hom4 x 9 ,mat?471 x 0 wond]ful to witness su* endurance 9 a human body4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! baptism ( ,john 0 int5d$ by ,god to la/ only = a %ort "t1 = ! reasons giv5 above 7,a4 #a74 ,!re=e x 0 n ! subject ( a g5]al comm&m5t set d[n 9 ,sacr$ ,writ1 b ( a c]ta9 int]ior revelation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 z /at$ above4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ch1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,grace ,0 ,giv5 9 ! ,baptism ( ,john8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t grace 0 giv5 9 ! baptism ( ,john4 ,= x is writt5 7,mk4 #a3d73 ,john 0 9 ! des]t baptiz+ & prea*+ ! baptism ( p5ance unto remission ( s9s4 ,b p5ance & remission ( s9s are ! effect ( grace4 ,!re=e ! baptism ( ,john conf]r$ grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ^? :o 7 ab\t to be baptiz$ by ,john confess$ _! s9s1 z relat$ ,matt4 #c3f & ,mk4 #a3e4 ,b ! confession ( s9s is ord]$ to _! remission1 :i* is effect$ by grace4 ,!re=e grace 0 conf]r$ 9 ! baptism ( ,john4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! baptism ( ,john 0 m ak9 ?an circumcision to ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,b orig9al s9 0 remitt$ ?r\gh circumcision3 because1 z ,b$e says 7,hom4 x 9 ,circumcis471 "u ! ,law1 circumcision br\ght ! same sav+ aid to heal ! w\nd ( orig9al s9 z baptism is wont to br+ n[ t grace is reveal$4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 did ! baptism ( ,john effect ! remission ( s9s1 :i* _c be accompli%$ )\t grace4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3aa73 ,i inde$ baptize y 9 wat] unto p5ance4 ,:i* words ,gregory ?us exp\nds 9 a c]ta9 homily 7,hom4 vii 9 ,evang473 ,john baptiz$1 n 9 ! ,_s1 b 9 wat]3 because he c\ld n =give s9s4 ,b grace is giv5 by ! ,holy ,gho/1 & by means !re( s9s are tak5 away4 ,!re=e ! baptism ( ,john did n conf] grace4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ad #b71 ! :ole tea*+ & "w ( ,john 0 9 prep>ation = ,*ri/3 j z x is ! duty ( ! s]vant & ( ! "u-craftsman to prep>e ! matt] = ! =m :i* is accompli%$ by ! head-craftsman4 ,n[ grace 0 to be conf]r$ on m5 ?r\gh ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,john #a3ag3 ,grace & tru? came ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ! baptism ( ,john did n conf] grace1 b only prep>$ ! way = grace2 & ?is 9 ?ree ways3 fir/1 by ,john's tea*+1 :i* l$ m5 to fai? 9 ,*ri/2 secondly1 by accu/om+ m5 to ! rite ( ,*ri/'s baptism2 ?irdly1 by p5ance1 prep>+ m5 to receive ! effect ( ,*ri/'s baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ^! words1 z ,b$e says 7on ,mk4 #a3d71 a tw(old baptism ( p5ance may be und]/ood4 ,"o is t :i* ,john conf]r$ by baptiz+1 :i* is call$ a baptism ( p5ance1 etc41 by reason ( its induc+ m5 to d p5ance1 & ( its be+ a k9d ( prote/ation by :i* m5 av[$ _! purpose ( do+ p5ance4 ,! o!r is ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 by :i* s9s are remitt$1 & :i* ,john c\ld n give1 b only prea*1 say+3 ,he w baptize y 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,or x may be said t he prea*$ ! baptism ( p5ance1 i4e4 :i* induc$ m5 to d p5ance1 :i* p5ance leads m5 on to ! remission ( s9s4 ,or aga91 x may be said ) ,j]ome 99,ano!r au?or on ,mk4 #a 7int] op4 ,hi]47 t by ! baptism ( ,*ri/ grace is giv51 by :i* s9s are remitt$ gratis2 & t :at is accompli%$ by ! bridegroom is begun by ! bridesman1 i4e4 by ,john4 ,consequ5tly x is said t he baptiz$ & prea*$ ! baptism ( p5ance unto remission ( s9s1 n z ?\gh he accompli%$ ?is himself1 b because he began x by prep>+ ! way = x4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,t confession ( s9s 0 n made unto ! remission ( s9s1 to be realiz$ imm$iately ?r\gh ! baptism ( ,john1 b to be obta9$ ?r\gh subsequ5t p5ance & ?r\gh ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 = :i* t p5ance 0 a prep>ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,circumcision 0 in/itut$ z a rem$y = orig9al s94 ,:]eas ! baptism ( ,john 0 n in/itut$ = ?is purpose1 b 0 m]ely 9 prep>ation = ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 z /at$ above2 :]eas ! sacram5ts atta9 _! effect ?r\gh ! =ce ( _! in/itution4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ch1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,alone ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,baptiz$ ) ! ,baptism ( ,john8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ alone %\ld h be5 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ! reason :y ,john baptiz$ 0 t ,*ri/ might receive baptism1 z ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,joan41 ,tract4 xiii74 ,b :at is prop] to ,*ri/ %\ld n be applicable to o!rs4 ,!re=e no o!rs %\ld h receiv$ t baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :oev] is baptiz$ ei!r receives some?+ f ! baptism or conf]s some?+ on ! baptism4 ,b no "o c\ld receive any?+ f ! baptism ( ,john1 because !reby grace 0 n conf]r$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,on ! o!r h&1 no "o c\ld conf] any?+ on baptism save ,*ri/1 :o sanctifi$ ! wat]s by ! t\* ( ,8 mo/ pure fle% 99,mag4 ,s5t4 iv1 #c4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ alone %\ld h be5 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if o!rs 7 baptiz$ ) t baptism1 ?is 0 only 9 ord] t !y might be prep>$ = ! baptism ( ,*ri/3 & ?us x w\ld seem fitt+ t ! baptism ( ,john %\ld be conf]r$ on all1 old & "y1 ,g5tile & ,jew1 j z ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,b we d n read t ei!r *ildr5 or ,g5tiles 7 baptiz$ by ! latt]2 = x is writt5 7,mk4 #a3e7 t !re w5t out to him 4 4 4 all !y ( ,j]usalem1 & 7 baptiz$ by him4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ alone %\ld h be5 baptiz$ by ,john4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #c3ba73 ,x came to pass1 :5 all ! p 7 baptiz$1 t ,jesus also be+ baptiz$ & pray+1 heav5 0 op5$4 ,i answ] t1 ,= two reasons x behoov$ o!rs besides ,*ri/ to be baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john4 ,fir/1 z ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,joan41 ,tract4 iv1 v71 if ,*ri/ alone _h be5 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john1 "s w\ld h said t ,john's baptism1 ) :i* ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 0 m excell5t ?an t ( ,*ri/1 ) :i* o!rs are baptiz$4 ,secondly1 because1 z above /at$1 x behoov$ o!rs to be prep>$ by ,john's baptism = ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! baptism ( ,john 0 in/itut$ n only t ,*ri/ might be baptiz$1 b also = o!r reasons1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,& yet1 ev5 if x 7 in/itut$ m]ely 9 ord] t ,*ri/ might be baptiz$ !re)1 x 0 /ill necess>y = o!rs to receive ?is baptism1 9 ord] to avoid ! objection m5tion$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,o!rs :o approa*$ to be baptiz$ by ,john c\ld n1 inde$1 conf] any?+ on 8 baptism3 yet nei!r did !y receive any?+ !refrom1 save only ! sign ( p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is 0 ! baptism ( p5ance1 = :i* *ildr5 7 n suit$2 :]e=e !y 7 n baptiz$ !re)4 ,b to br+ ! nations into ! way ( salvation 0 res]v$ to ,*ri/ alone1 :o is ! expectation ( ! nations1 z we read ,g54 #di3aj4 ,inde$1 ,*ri/ =bade ! apo/les to prea* ! ,gospel to ! ,g5tiles be=e ,8 ,passion & ,resurrection4 ,mu* less fitt+1 !re=e1 0 x = ! ,g5tiles to be baptiz$ by ,john4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ch1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,john's ,baptism ,%\ld ,h ,ceas$ ,aft] ,*ri/ ,0 ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,john's baptism %\ld h ceas$ aft] ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$4 ,= x is writt5 7,john #a3ca73 ,t ,he may be made manife/ 9 ,israel1 !re=e am ,i come baptiz+ 9 wat]4 ,b :5 ,*ri/ _h be5 baptiz$1 ,he 0 made suffici5tly manife/1 bo? by ! te/imony ( ,john & by ! dove com+ d[n ^u ,him1 & aga9 by ! voice ( ! ,fa!r be>+ witness to ,him4 ,!re=e x seems t ,john's baptism %\ld n h endur$ !reaft]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,joan41 ,tract4 iv73 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 & ,john's baptism ceas$ to avail4 ,!re=e x seems t1 aft] ,*ri/'s baptism1 ,john %\ld n h cont9u$ to baptize4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,john's baptism prep>$ ! way = ,*ri/'s4 ,b ,*ri/'s baptism began z soon z ,he _h be5 baptiz$2 because by ! t\* ( ,8 mo/ pure fle% ,he end[$ ! wat]s ) a reg5]at+ virtue1 z ,b$e ass]ts 7,mag4 ,s5t4 iv1 #c74 ,!re=e x seems t ,john's baptism ceas$ :5 ,*ri/ _h be5 baptiz$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #c3bb1 #bc73 ,jesus 4 4 4 came into ! l& ( ,judea 4 4 4 & baptiz$3 & ,john also 0 baptiz+4 ,b ,*ri/ did n baptize be=e be+ baptiz$4 ,!re=e x seems t ,john cont9u$ to baptize aft] ,*ri/ _h be5 baptiz$4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 n fitt+ = ! baptism ( ,john to cease :5 ,*ri/ _h be5 baptiz$4 ,fir/1 because1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xxix 9 ,joan471 if ,john _h ceas$ to baptize :5 ,*ri/ _h be5 baptiz$1 m5 w\ld ?9k t he 0 mov$ by jeal\sy or ang]4 ,secondly1 if he _h ceas$ to baptize :5 ,*ri/ baptiz$1 he w\ld h giv5 ,8 disciples a motive = yet great] envy4 ,?irdly1 because1 by cont9u+ to baptize1 he s5t 8 he>]s to ,*ri/ 7,hom4 xxix 9 ,joan474 ,f\r?ly1 because1 z ,b$e 99,scot4 ,erig4 ,comm5t4 9 ,joan4 says1 !re /ill rema9$ a %ad[ ( ! ,old ,law3 nor %\ld ! =]unn] )draw until ! tru? be made manife/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 ,he 0 n z yet fully manife/$3 consequ5tly !re 0 /ill ne$ = ,john to cont9ue baptiz+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! baptism ( ,john ceas$ aft] ,*ri/ _h be5 baptiz$1 n imm$iately1 b :5 ! =m] 0 ca/ into prison4 ,?us ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xxix 9 ,joan473 ,i consid] t ,john's dea? 0 all[$ to take place1 & t ,*ri/'s prea*+ began 9 a great measure aft] ,john _h di$1 s t ! undivid$ allegiance ( ! multitude 0 transf]r$ to ,*ri/1 & !re 0 no fur!r motive = ! div]g5ce ( op9ions conc]n+ bo? ( !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,john's baptism prep>$ ! way n only = ,*ri/ to be baptiz$1 b also = o!rs to approa* to ,*ri/'s baptism3 & ?is did n take place z soon z ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ch1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,^? ,:o ,_h ,be5 ,baptiz$ ) ,john's ,baptism ,_h to ,be ,baptiz$ ) ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ^? :o _h be5 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism _h n to be baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,= ,john 0 n less ?an ! apo/les1 s9ce ( him is x writt5 7,matt4 #aa3aa73 ,!re ha? n ris5 among !m t are born ( wom5 a great] ?an ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,b ^? :o 7 baptiz$ by ! apo/les 7 n baptiz$ aga91 b only receiv$ ! imposition ( h&s2 = x is writt5 7,acts #h3af1 #ag7 t "s 7 only baptiz$ by ,philip 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus3 !n ! apo/les--namely1 ,pet] & ,john--laid _! h&s ^u !m1 & !y receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x seems t ^? :o _h be5 baptiz$ by ,john _h n to be baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! apo/les 7 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism1 s9ce "s ( !m 7 8 disciples1 z is cle> f ,john #a3cg4 ,b ! apo/les d n seem to h be5 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/3 = x is writt5 7,john #d3b7 t ,jesus did n baptize1 b ,8 disciples4 ,!re=e x seems t ^? :o _h be5 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism _h n to be baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 he :o is baptiz$ is less ?an he :o baptizes4 ,b we are n told t ,john himself 0 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e mu* less did ^? :o _h be5 baptiz$ by ,john ne$ to receive ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,acts #ai3a-e7 t ,paul 4 4 4 f\nd c]ta9 disciples2 & he said to !m3 ,h y receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/ s9ce ye believ$8 ,b !y said to him3 ,we h n s mu* z he>d :e!r !re be a ,holy ,gho/4 ,& he said3 ,9 :at !n 7 y baptiz$8 ,:o said3 ,9 ,john's baptism4 ,:]e=e !y 7 aga9 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( our ,vulg43 '!' ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,h5ce x seems t !y ne$$ to be baptiz$ aga91 because !y did n "k ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 z ,j]ome says on ,joel #b3bh & 9 an epi/le 7lxix ,de ,viro unius uxoris71 & likewise ,ambrose 7,de ,spiritu ,sancto74 ,b "s 7 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism :o _h full k ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,!re=e ^! _h no ne$ to be baptiz$ aga9 ) ,*ri/'s baptism4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 on ,rom4 #aj3h1 ,?is is ! ^w ( fai?1 :i* we prea*1 ! gloss ( ,augu/9e says3 ,:5ce ?is virtue 9 ! wat]1 t x t\*es ! body & cleanses ! he>t1 save by ! efficacy ( ! ^w1 n because x is utt]$1 b because x is believ$8 ,:5ce x is cle> t ! virtue ( baptism dep5ds on fai?4 ,b ! =m ( ,john's baptism signifi$ ! fai? 9 :i* we are baptiz$2 = ,paul says 7,acts #ai3d73 ,john baptiz$ ! p ) ! baptism ( p5ance1 say+3 ,t !y %\ld believe 9 ,him :o 0 to come aft] him--t is to say1 9 ,jesus4 ,!re=e x seems t ^? :o _h be5 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism _h no ne$ to be baptiz$ aga9 ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,joan41 ,tract4 v73 ,^? :o 7 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism ne$$ to be baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( our ,"l4 ,i answ] t1 ,accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! ,ma/] 7,s5t4 iv1 ,d1 #b71 ^? :o _h be5 baptiz$ by ,john )\t kn[+ ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & :o bas$ _! hopes on 8 baptism1 7 aft]w>ds baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/3 b ^? :o did n base _! hope on ,john's baptism1 & :o believ$ 9 ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 7 n baptiz$ aft]w>ds1 b receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! imposition ( h&s made ov] !m by ! apo/les4 ,& ?is1 inde$1 is true z to ! fir/ "p1 & is confirm$ by _m au?orities4 ,b z to ! second "p1 ! ass]tion is altoge!r unreasonable4 ,fir/1 because ,john's baptism nei!r conf]r$ grace nor impr9t$ a "*1 b 0 m]ely 9 wat]1 z he says himself 7,matt4 #c3aa74 ,:]e=e ! fai? or hope :i* ! p]son baptiz$ _h 9 ,*ri/ c\ld n supply ?is defect4 ,secondly1 because1 :5 9 a sacram5t1 t is omitt$ :i* belongs ( necessity to ! sacram5t1 n only mu/ ! omission be suppli$1 b ! :ole mu/ be entirely r5ew$4 ,n[1 x belongs ( necessity to ,*ri/'s baptism t x be giv5 n only 9 wat]1 b also 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 accord+ to ,john #c3e3 ,unless a man be born ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,:]e=e 9 ! case ( ^? :o _h be5 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism 9 wat] only1 n m]ely _h ! omission to be suppli$ by giv+ !m ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! imposition ( h&s1 b !y _h to be baptiz$ :olly anew 9 wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,joan41 ,tract4 v73 ,aft] ,john1 baptism 0 adm9i/]$1 & ! reason :y 0 because he gave n ,*ri/'s baptism1 b 8 own 4 4 4 ,t :i* ,pet] gave 4 4 4 & if any 7 giv5 by ,judas1 t 0 ,*ri/'s4 ,& !re=e if ,judas baptiz$ anyone1 yet 7 !y n rebaptiz$ 4 4 4 ,= ! baptism corresponds ) him by ^: au?ority x is giv51 n ) him by ^: m9i/ry x is giv54 ,= ! same reason ^? :o 7 baptiz$ by ! deacon ,philip1 :o gave ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 7 n baptiz$ aga91 b receiv$ ! imposition ( h&s by ! apo/les1 j z ^? :o are baptiz$ by prie/s are confirm$ by bi%ops4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says to ,seleucianus 7,ep4 cclxv71 we deem t ,*ri/'s disciples 7 baptiz$ ei!r ) ,john's baptism1 z "s ma9ta91 or ) ,*ri/'s baptism1 :i* is m probable4 ,= ,he w\ld n fail to adm9i/] baptism s z to h baptiz$ s]vants ?r\gh :om ,he baptiz$ o!rs1 s9ce ,he did n fail 9 ,8 humble s]vice to wa% _! feet4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?4 99,f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum73 ,s9ce1 :5 ,john said1 ',i ought to be baptiz$ by ,!e1' ,*ri/ answ]$1 ',suff] x to be s n['3 x foll[s t aft]w>ds ,*ri/ did baptize ,john4 ,moreov]1 he ass]ts t ?is is di/9ctly set d[n 9 "s ( ! apocryphal books4 ,at any rate1 x is c]ta91 z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #c3ac1 t1 z ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ 9 wat] by ,john1 s _h ,john to be baptiz$ 9 ! ,_s by ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! reason :y ^! p]sons 7 baptiz$ aft] be+ baptiz$ by ,john 0 n only because !y knew n ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 b also because !y _h n receiv$ ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix71 our sacram5ts are signs ( pres5t grace1 :]eas ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law 7 signs ( future grace4 ,:]e=e ! v fact t ,john baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( "o :o 0 to come1 %[s t he did n give ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 :i* is a sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law4 ,,"q #ci ,,( ,,! ,,baptiz+ ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! baptiz+ ( ,*ri/1 conc]n+ :i* !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ %\ld h be5 baptiz$8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he %\ld h be5 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john8 7#c7 ,( ! "t :5 ,he 0 baptiz$2 7#d7 ,( ! place2 7#e7 ,( ! heav5s be+ op5$ unto ,him2 7#f7 ,( ! app>ition ( ! ,holy ,gho/ "u ! =m ( a dove2 7#g7 ,:e!r t dove 0 a real animal8 7#h7 ,( ! voice ( ! ,fa!r witness+ unto ,him4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ci1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,be ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be baptiz$4 ,= to be baptiz$ is to be wa%$4 ,b x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be wa%$1 s9ce !re 0 no uncleanness 9 ,him4 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ = ,*ri/ to be baptiz$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ 0 circumcis$ 9 ord] to fulfil ! law4 ,b baptism 0 n prescrib$ by ! law4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld n h be5 baptiz$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! fir/ mov] 9 e g5us is unmov$ 9 reg>d to t movem5t2 ?us ! heav51 :i* is ! fir/ cause ( alt]ation1 is unalt]able4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( baptism1 accord+ to ,john #a3cc3 ,he ^u :om ?\ %alt see ! ,_s desc5d+ & rema9+ ^u ,him1 ,he x is t baptize?4 ,!re=e x 0 unfitt+ = ,*ri/ to be baptiz$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3ac7 t ,jesus come? f ,galilee to ! ,jordan1 unto ,john1 to be baptiz$ by him4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be baptiz$4 ,fir/1 because1 z ,ambrose says on ,luke #c3ba3 ,our ,"l 0 baptiz$ because ,he wi%$1 n to be cleans$1 b to cleanse ! wat]s1 t1 be+ purifi$ by ! fle% ( ,*ri/ t knew no s91 !y might h ! virtue ( baptism2 &1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?471 t ,he might bequea? ! sanctifi$ wat]s to ^? :o 7 to be baptiz$ aft]w>ds4 ,secondly1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?471 al?\gh ,*ri/ 0 n a s9n]1 yet did ,he take a s9ful nature & '! lik5ess ( s9ful fle%4' ,:]e=e1 ?\gh ,he ne$$ n baptism = ,8 own sake1 yet c>nal nature 9 o!rs _h ne$ !re(4 ,&1 z ,gregory ,nazianz5 says 7,orat4 xxxix7 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ t ,he might plunge ! old ,adam entirely 9 ! wat]4 ,?irdly1 ,he wi%$ to be baptiz$1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cxxxvi71 because ,he wi%$ to d :at ,he _h comm&$ all to d4 ,& ?is is :at ,he means by say+3 ,s x become? u to fulfil all ju/ice 7,matt4 #c3ae74 ,=1 z ,ambrose says 7on ,luke #c3ba71 ?is is ju/ice1 to d fir/ ?yself t :i* ?\ wi%e/ ano!r to d1 & s enc\rage o!rs by ?y example4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 n t ,he might be cleans$1 b t ,he might cleanse1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld n only fulfil :at 0 prescrib$ by ! ,old ,law1 b also beg9 :at app]ta9$ to ! ,new ,law4 ,!re=e ,he wi%$ n only to be circumcis$1 b also to be baptiz$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( baptism's spiritual effect4 ,unto ?is ,he 0 n baptiz$1 b only 9 wat]4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ci1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ = ,*ri/ to ,be ,baptiz$ ) ,john's ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 unfitt+ = ,*ri/ to be baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism4 ,= ,john's baptism 0 ! baptism ( p5ance4 ,b p5ance is unbecom+ to ,*ri/1 s9ce ,he _h no s94 ,!re=e x seems t ,he %\ld n h be5 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,john's baptism1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 de ,bapt4 ,*ri/i71 0 a mean betwe5 ! baptism ( ! ,jews & t ( ,*ri/4 ,b ! mean savors ( ! nature ( ! extremes 7,ari/otle1 ,de ,p>tib4 ,animal474 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ 0 n baptiz$ ) ! ,jewi% baptism1 nor yet ) ,8 own1 on ! same gr\nds ,he %\ld n h be5 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :atev] is be/ 9 human ?+s %\ld be ascrib$ to ,*ri/4 ,b ,john's baptism does n hold ! fir/ place among baptisms4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3ac7 t ,jesus come? to ! ,jordan1 unto ,john1 to be baptiz$ by him4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,joan41 ,tract4 xiii73 ,aft] be+ baptiz$1 ! ,"l baptiz$1 n ) t baptism :]e) ,he 0 baptiz$4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce ,he ,himself baptiz$ ) ,8 own baptism1 x foll[s t ,he 0 n baptiz$ ) ,8 own1 b ) ,john's baptism4 ,& ?is 0 befitt+3 fir/1 because ,john's baptism 0 peculi> 9 ?is1 t he baptiz$1 n 9 ! ,_s1 b only 9 wat]2 :ile ,*ri/ did n ne$ spiritual baptism1 s9ce ,he 0 fill$ ) ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/ f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception1 z we h made cle> above 7,q4 #cd1 ,a4 #a74 ,& ?is is ! reason giv5 by ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 de ,bapt4 ,*ri/i74 ,secondly1 z ,b$e says on ,mk4 #a3i1 ,he 0 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john1 t1 by be+ ?us baptiz$1 ,he might %[ ,8 approval ( ,john's baptism4 ,?irdly1 z ,gregory ,nazianz5 says 7,orat4 xxxix71 by go+ to ,john to be baptiz$ by him1 ,he sanctifi$ baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be baptiz$ 9 ord] by ,8 example to lead u to baptism4 ,& s1 9 ord] t ,he might lead u !reto m efficaci\sly1 ,he wi%$ to be baptiz$ ) a baptism :i* ,he cle>ly ne$$ n1 t m5 :o ne$$ x might approa* unto x4 ,:]e=e ,ambrose says on ,luke #c3ba3 ,let none decl9e ! lav] ( grace1 s9ce ,*ri/ did n refuse ! lav] ( p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,jewi% baptism prescrib$ by ! law 0 m]ely figurative1 :]eas ,john's baptism1 9 a measure1 0 real1 inasmu* z x induc$ m5 to refra9 f s92 b ,*ri/'s baptism is efficaci\s unto ! remission ( s9 & ! conf]r+ ( grace4 ,n[ ,*ri/ ne$$ nei!r ! remission ( s91 :i* 0 n 9 ,him1 nor ! be/[al ( grace1 ) :i* ,he 0 fill$4 ,moreov]1 s9ce ,he is ! ,tru?1 x 0 n fitt+ t ,he %\ld receive t :i* 0 no m ?an a figure4 ,consequ5tly x 0 m fitt+ t ,he %\ld receive ! int]m$iate baptism ?an "o ( ! extremes4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,baptism is a spiritual rem$y4 ,n[1 ! m p]fect a ?+ is1 ! less rem$y does x ne$4 ,consequ5tly1 f ! v fact t ,*ri/ is mo/ p]fect1 x foll[s t x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld n receive ! mo/ p]fect baptism3 j z "o :o is heal?y does n ne$ a /rong m$ic9e4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ci1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ,baptiz$ at a ,fitt+ ,"t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ at an unfitt+ "t4 ,= ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ 9 ord] t ,he might lead o!rs to baptism by ,8 example4 ,b x is comm5dable t ! fai?ful ( ,*ri/ %\ld be baptiz$1 n m]ely be=e _! ?irtie? ye>1 b ev5 9 infancy4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 baptiz$ at ! age ( ?irty4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 we d n read t ,*ri/ taught or work$ miracles be=e be+ baptiz$4 ,b x w\ld h be5 m pr(itable to ! _w if ,he _h taught = a long] "t1 beg9n+ at ! age ( tw5ty1 or ev5 be=e4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/1 :o came = man's pr(it1 %\ld h be5 baptiz$ be=e ,8 ?irtie? ye>4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! sign ( wisdom infus$ by ,god %\ld h be5 especially manife/ 9 ,*ri/4 ,b 9 ! case ( ,daniel ?is 0 manife/$ at ! "t ( 8 boyhood2 accord+ to ,dan4 #ac3de3 ,! ,"l rais$ up ! holy _s ( a "y boy1 ^: "n 0 ,daniel4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 %\ld ,*ri/ h be5 baptiz$ or h taught 9 ,8 boyhood4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,john's baptism 0 ord]$ to t ( ,*ri/ z to its end4 ,b ! end is fir/ 9 int5tion & la/ 9 execution4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld h be5 baptiz$ by ,john ei!r be=e all ! o!rs1 or aft] !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #c3ba73 ,x came to pass1 :5 all ! p 7 baptiz$1 t ,jesus also be+ baptiz$1 & pray+2 & fur!r on 7,luke #c3bc73 ,& ,jesus ,himself 0 beg9n+ ab\t ! age ( ?irty ye>s4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ 0 fitt+ly baptiz$ 9 ,8 ?irtie? ye>4 ,fir/1 because ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ z ?\gh = ! reason t ,he 0 ab\t =?) to beg9 to tea* & prea*3 = :i* purpose p]fect age is requir$1 su* z is ! age ( ?irty4 ,?us we read 7,g54 #da3df7 t ,joseph 0 ?irty ye>s old :5 he und]took ! gov]nm5t ( ,egypt4 ,9 l mann] we read 7#b ,k+s #e3d7 t ,david 0 ?irty ye>s old :5 he began to reign4 ,aga91 ,eze*iel began to prophesy 9 8 ?irtie? ye>1 z we read ,eze*4 #a3a4 ,secondly1 because1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 x 9 ,mat?471 ! law 0 ab\t to pass away aft] ,*ri/'s baptism3 :]e=e ,*ri/ came to be baptiz$ at ?is age :i* admits ( all s9s2 9 ord] t by ,8 obs]v+ ! law1 no "o might say t because ,he ,himself c\ld n fulfil x1 ,he did away ) x4 ,?irdly1 because by ,*ri/'s be+ baptiz$ at ! p]fect age1 we are giv5 to und]/& t baptism br+s =? p]fect m51 accord+ to ,eph4 #d3ac3 ,until we all meet into ! unity ( fai?1 & ( ! k ( ! ,son ( ,god1 unto a p]fect man1 unto ! measure ( ! age ( ! fulness ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce ! v prop]ty ( ! numb] seems to po9t to ?is4 ,= ?irty is product ( ?ree & t53 & by ! numb] ?ree is impli$ fai? 9 ! ,tr9ity1 :ile t5 signifies ! fulfilm5t ( ! comm&m5ts ( ! ,law3 9 :i* two ?+s ! p]fection ( ,*ri/ian life consi/s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,gregory ,nazianz5 says 7,orat4 xl71 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 n z ?\gh ,he ne$$ to be cleans$1 or z ?\gh "s p]il ?reat5$ ,him if ,he delay$ to be baptiz$4 ,b no small dang] besets any o!r man :o dep>ts f ?is life )\t be+ clo!d ) ! g>m5t ( incorruptibility--namely1 grace4 ,& ?\gh x be a good ?+ to rema9 clean aft] baptism1 yet is x /ill bett]1 z he says1 to be slightly sulli$ n[ & !n ?an to be altoge!r depriv$ ( grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! pr(it :i* accrues to m5 f ,*ri/ is *iefly ?r\gh fai? & humility3 to bo? ( :i* ,he conduc$ by beg9n+ to tea* n 9 ,8 boyhood or y\?1 b at ! p]fect age4 ,to fai?1 because 9 ?is mann] ,8 human nature is %[n to be real1 by its mak+ bodily progress ) ! advance ( "t2 & le/ ?is progress %\ld be deem$ imag9>y1 ,he did n wi% to %[ ,8 wisdom & p[] be=e ,8 body _h rea*$ ! p]fect age3 to humility1 le/ anyone %\ld presume to gov]n or tea* o!rs be=e atta9+ to p]fect age4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ 0 set be=e m5 z an example to all4 ,:]e=e x behoov$ t to be %[n =? 9 ,him1 :i* is becom+ to all accord+ to ! common law--namely1 t ,he %\ld tea* aft] rea*+ ! p]fect age4 ,b1 z ,gregory ,nazianz5 says 7,orat4 xxxix71 t :i* seldom occurs is n ! law ( ! ,*ur*2 z nei!r does "o swall[ make ! spr+4 ,= by special disp5sation1 9 accordance ) ! rul+ ( ,div9e wisdom1 x has be5 grant$ to "s1 contr>y to ! common law1 to ex]cise ! functions ( gov]n+ or tea*+1 su* z ,solomon1 ,daniel1 & ,j]emias4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be baptiz$ by ,john ei!r be=e or aft] all o!rs4 ,because1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?4 99,f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum71 = ?is 0 ,*ri/ baptiz$1 t ,he might confirm ! prea*+ & ! baptism ( ,john1 & t ,john might be> witness to ,him4 ,n[1 m5 w\ld n h _h fai? 9 ,john's te/imony except aft] _m _h be5 baptiz$ by him4 ,consequ5tly x 0 n fitt+ t ,john %\ld baptize ,him be=e baptiz+ anyone else4 ,9 l mann]1 nei!r 0 x fitt+ t he %\ld baptize ,him la/4 ,= z he 7,*ryso/om7 says 9 ! same passage3 ,z ! light ( ! sun does n wait = ! sett+ ( ! morn+ />1 b comes =? :ile ! latt] is /ill above ! horizon1 & by its brilliance dims its %9+3 s ,*ri/ did n wait till ,john _h run 8 c\rse1 b appe>$ :ile he 0 yet tea*+ & baptiz+4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ci1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan4 ,= ! reality %\ld correspond to ! figure4 ,b baptism 0 prefigur$ 9 ! cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 :]e ! ,egyptians 7 dr[n$1 j z our s9s are blott$ out 9 baptism4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld r h be5 baptiz$ 9 ! sea ?an 9 ! riv] ,jordan4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,jordan is int]pret$ a go+ d[n4 ,b by baptism a man goes up r ?an d[n3 :]e=e x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3af7 t ,jesus be+ baptiz$1 =?) came up ,d\ay3 'out' f ! wat]4 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :ile ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 cross+1 ! wat]s ( ! ,jordan 7 turn$ back1 z x is relat$ ,jos4 #d1 & z x is writt5 ,ps4 #aac3c1 #e4 ,b ^? :o are baptiz$ g =w>d1 n back4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,mk4 #a3i7 t ,jesus 0 baptiz$ by ,john 9 ! ,jordan4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 ?r\gh ! riv] ,jordan t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel ent]$ into ! l& ( promise4 ,n[1 ?is is ! pr]ogative ( ,*ri/'s baptism ov] all o!r baptisms3 t x is ! entrance to ! k+dom ( ,god1 :i* is signifi$ by ! l& ( promise2 :]e=e x is said 7,john #c3e73 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,to ?is also is to be ref]r$ ! divid+ ( ! wat] ( ! ,jordan by ,elias1 :o 0 to be snat*$ up into heav5 9 a fi]y *>iot1 z x is relat$ #d ,k+s #b3 because1 to wit1 ! approa* to heav5 is laid op5 by ! fire ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 to ^? :o pass ?r\gh ! wat]s ( baptism4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea =e%ad[$ baptism 9 ?is--t baptism wa%es away s93 :]eas ! cross+ ( ! ,jordan =e%ad[s x 9 ?is--t x op5s ! gate to ! heav5ly k+dom3 & ?is is ! pr9cipal effect ( baptism1 & accompli%$ ?r\gh ,*ri/ alone4 ,& !re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan r ?an 9 ! sea4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 baptism we g up by advanc+ 9 grace3 = :i* we ne$ to g d[n by humility1 accord+ to ,james #d3f3 ,he give? grace to ! humble4 ,& to ?is go+ d[n mu/ ! "n ( ! ,jordan be ref]r$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon = ! ,epiphany 7x73 ,z ( yore ! wat]s ( ! ,jordan 7 held back1 s n[1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 ! torr5t ( s9 0 held back4 ,or else ?is may signify t aga9/ ! d[nw>d fl[ ( ! wat]s ! riv] ( bless+s fl[$ upw>ds4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ci1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,heav5s ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,op5$ ,unto ,*ri/ at ,8 ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! heav5s %\ld n h be5 op5$ unto ,*ri/ at ,8 baptism4 ,= ! heav5s %\ld be op5$ unto "o :o ne$s to ent] heav51 by reason ( 8 be+ out ( heav54 ,b ,*ri/ 0 always 9 heav51 accord+ to ,john #c3ac3 ,! ,son ( ,man :o is 9 heav54 ,!re=e x seems t ! heav5s %\ld n h be5 op5$ unto ,him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! op5+ ( ! heav5s is und]/ood ei!r 9 a corporal or 9 a spiritual s5se4 ,b x _c be und]/ood 9 a corporal s5se3 because ! heav5ly bodies are impassible & indissoluble1 accord+ to ,job #cg3ah3 ,?\ p]haps ha/ made ! heav5s ) ,him1 :i* are mo/ /rong1 z if !y 7 ( molt5 brass4 ,9 l mann] nei!r c x be und]/ood 9 a spiritual s5se1 because ! heav5s 7 n previ\sly clos$ to ! eyes ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!re=e x seems unbecom+ to say t :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ ! heav5s 7 op5$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 heav5 0 op5$ to ! fai?ful ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aj3ai3 ,we h ,vulg43 ',hav+' a confid5ce 9 ! ent]+ into ! holies by ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e n ev5 ^? :o 7 baptiz$ ) ,*ri/'s baptism1 & di$ be=e ,8 ,passion1 c\ld ent] heav54 ,!re=e ! heav5s %\ld h be5 op5$ :5 ,*ri/ 0 suff]+ r ?an :5 ,he 0 baptiz$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #c3ba73 ,jesus be+ baptiz$ & pray+1 heav5 0 op5$4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a2 ,q4 #ch1 ,a4 #a71 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be baptiz$ 9 ord] to consecrate ! baptism :]e) we 7 to be baptiz$4 ,& !re=e x behoov$ ^? ?+s to be %[n =? :i* belong to ! efficacy ( our baptism3 conc]n+ :i* efficacy ?ree po9ts are to be consid]$4 ,fir/1 ! pr9cipal p[] f :i* x is d]iv$2 & ?is1 inde$1 is a heav5ly p[]4 ,= :i* reason1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 heav5 0 op5$1 to %[ t 9 future ! heav5ly p[] w\ld sanctify baptism4 ,secondly1 ! fai? ( ! ,*ur* & ( ! p]son baptiz$ conduces to ! efficacy ( baptism3 :]e=e ^? :o are baptiz$ make a pr(ession ( fai?1 & baptism is call$ ! sacram5t ( fai?4 ,n[ by fai? we gaze on heav5ly ?+s1 :i* surpass ! s5ses & human reason4 ,& 9 ord] to signify ?is1 ! heav5s 7 op5$ :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$4 ,?irdly1 because ! entrance to ! heav5ly k+dom 0 op5$ to u by ! baptism ( ,*ri/ 9 a special mann]1 :i* entrance _h be5 clos$ to ! fir/ man ?r\gh s94 ,h5ce1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 ! heav5s 7 op5$1 to %[ t ! way to heav5 is op5 to ! baptiz$4 ,n[ aft] baptism man ne$s to pray cont9ually1 9 ord] to ent] heav53 = ?\gh s9s are remitt$ ?r\gh baptism1 !re /ill rema9 ! fomes ( s9 assail+ u f )91 & ! _w & ! devils assail+ u f )\t4 ,& !re=e x is said po9t$ly 7,luke #c3ba7 t ,jesus be+ baptiz$ & pray+1 heav5 0 op5$3 because1 to wit1 ! fai?ful aft] baptism /& 9 ne$ ( pray]4 ,or else1 t we may be l$ to und]/& t ! v fact t ?r\gh baptism heav5 is op5$ to believ]s is 9 virtue ( ! pray] ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce x is said po9t$ly 7,matt4 #c3af7 t heav5 0 op5$ to ,him--t is1 to all = ,8 sake4 ,?us1 = example1 ! ,emp]or might say to "o ask+ a favor = ano!r3 ,behold1 ,i grant ?is favor1 n to him1 b to !e--t is1 to him = ?y sake1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?4 99,f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,accord+ to ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?42 f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum71 z ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ = man's sake1 ?\gh ,he ne$$ no baptism = ,8 own sake1 s ! heav5s 7 op5$ unto ,him z man1 :]eas 9 respect ( ,8 ,div9e ,nature ,he 0 ev] 9 heav54 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #c3af1 #ag1 ! heav5s 7 op5$ to ,*ri/ :5 ,he 0 baptiz$1 n by an unfold+ ( ! elem5ts1 b by a spiritual vision3 ?us does ,eze*iel relate ! op5+ ( ! heav5s at ! beg9n+ ( 8 book4 ,& ,*ryso/om proves ?is 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?42 f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum7 by say+ t if ! creature--namely1 heav5--_h be5 sund]$ he w\ld n h said1 '7 op5$ to ,him1' s9ce :at is op5$ 9 a corporeal s5se is op5 to all4 ,h5ce x is said expressly 7,mk4 #a3aj7 t ,jesus =?) com+ up out ( ! wat]1 saw ! heav5s op5$2 z ?\gh ! op5+ ( ! heav5s 7 to be consid]$ z se5 by ,*ri/4 ,"s1 inde$1 ref] ?is to ! corporeal vision1 & say t su* a brilliant light %one r\nd ab\t ,*ri/ :5 ,he 0 baptiz$1 t ! heav5s seem$ to be op5$4 ,x c also be ref]r$ to ! imag9>y vision1 9 :i* mann] ,eze*iel saw ! heav5s op5$3 s9ce su* a vision 0 =m$ 9 ,*ri/'s imag9ation by ! ,div9e p[] & by ,8 rational w1 s z to signify t ! entrance to heav5 is op5$ to m5 ?r\gh baptism4 ,la/ly1 x c be ref]r$ to intellectual vision3 =asmu* z ,*ri/1 :5 ,he _h sanctifi$ baptism1 saw t heav5 0 op5$ to m53 nev]!less ,he _h se5 be=e t ?is w\ld be accompli%$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s ,passion is ! common cause ( ! op5+ ( heav5 to m54 ,b x behooves ?is cause to be appli$ to ea* "o1 9 ord] t he ent] heav54 ,& ?is is effect$ by baptism1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3c3 ,all we :o are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus are baptiz$ 9 ,8 dea?4 ,:]e=e m5tion is made ( ! op5+ ( ! heav5s at ,8 baptism r ?an at ,8 ,passion4 ,or1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?42 f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum73 ,:5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 ! heav5s 7 m]ely op5$3 b aft] ,he _h vanqui%$ ! tyrant by ! cross2 s9ce gates 7 no long] ne$$ = a heav5 :i* !nce=? w\ld be nev] clos$1 ! angels said1 n 'op5 ! gates1' b ',take !m away4' ,?us ,*ryso/om gives u to und]/& t ! ob/acles :i* _h hi!rto h9d]$ ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ f ent]+ into heav5 7 entirely remov$ by ! ,passion3 b at ,*ri/'s baptism !y 7 op5$1 z ?\gh ! way _h be5 %[n by :i* m5 7 to ent] into heav54 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ci1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,x ,is ,fitt+ to ,say ,t ,:5 ,*ri/ ,0 ,baptiz$ ! ,holy ,gho/ ,came ,d[n on ,him 9 ! ,=m ( a ,dove8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x is n fitt+ to say t :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ ! ,holy ,gho/ came d[n on ,him 9 ! =m ( a dove4 ,= ! ,holy ,gho/ dwells 9 man by grace4 ,b ! fulness ( grace 0 9 ! ,man-,*ri/ f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception1 because ,he 0 ! ,only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 z is cle> f :at has be5 said above 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #ab2 ,q4 #cd1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld n h be5 s5t to ,him at ,8 baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is said to h desc5d$ into ! _w 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 :5 ,he empti$ ,himself1 tak+ ! =m ( a s]vant 7,phil4 #b3g74 ,b ! ,holy ,gho/ did n become inc>nate4 ,!re=e x is unbecom+ to say t ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ ^u ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 t :i* is accompli%$ 9 our baptism %\ld h be5 %[n 9 ,*ri/'s baptism1 z 9 an exempl>4 ,b 9 our baptism no visible mission ( ! ,holy ,gho/ takes place4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld a visible mission ( ! ,holy ,gho/ h tak5 place 9 ,*ri/'s baptism4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! ,holy ,gho/ is p\r$ =? on o!rs ?r\gh ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,john #a3af3 ,( ,8 fulness we all h receiv$4 ,b ! ,holy ,gho/ came d[n on ! apo/les 9 ! =m1 n ( a dove1 b ( fire4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld ,he h come d[n on ,*ri/ 9 ! =m ( a dove1 b 9 ! =m ( fire4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #c3bb73 ,! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ 9 a bodily %ape z a dove ^u ,him4 ,i answ] t1 ,:at took place ) respect to ,*ri/ 9 ,8 baptism1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iv 9 ,mat?4 99,f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum71 is connect$ ) ! my/]y accompli%$ 9 all :o 7 to be baptiz$ aft]w>ds4 ,n[1 all ^? :o are baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,*ri/ receive ! ,holy ,gho/1 unless !y approa* unwor?ily2 accord+ to ,matt4 #c3aa3 ,he %all baptize y 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t :5 our ,"l 0 baptiz$ ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld desc5d ^u ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xv73 ,x is mo/ absurd to say t ,*ri/ receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/1 :5 ,he 0 already ?irty ye>s old3 = :5 ,he came to be baptiz$1 s9ce ,he 0 )\t s91 !re=e 0 ,he n )\t ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= if x is writt5 ( ,john t 'he %all be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ f 8 "m's womb1' :at mu/ we say ( ! ,man-,*ri/1 ^: conception 9 ! fle% 0 n c>nal1 b spiritual8 ,!re=e n[1 i4e4 at ,8 baptism1 ,he deign$ to =e%ad[ ,8 body1 i4e4 ! ,*ur*1 9 :i* ^? :o are baptiz$ receive ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 a special mann]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 ii71 ! ,holy ,gho/ is said to h desc5d$ on ,*ri/ 9 a bodily %ape1 z a dove1 n because ! v sub/ance ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 se51 = ,he is invisible3 nor z ?\gh t visible creature 7 assum$ into ! unity ( ! ,div9e ,p]son2 s9ce x is n said t ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! dove1 z x is said t ! ,son ( ,god is man by reason ( ! union4 ,nor1 aga91 0 ! ,holy ,gho/ se5 "u ! =m ( a dove1 aft] ! mann] 9 :i* ,john saw ! sla9 ,lamb 9 ! ,apocalypse 7#e3f73 ,= ! latt] vision took place 9 ! _s ?r\gh spiritual images ( bodies2 :]eas no "o ev] d\bt$ t ?is dove 0 se5 by ! eyes ( ! body4 ,nor1 aga91 did ! ,holy ,gho/ appe> "u ! =m ( a dove 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x is said 7#a ,cor4 #aj3d73 ',n[1 ! rock 0 ,*ri/'3 = ! latt] _h already a creat$ exi/5ce1 & ?r\gh ! mann] ( its action 0 call$ by ! "n ( ,*ri/1 :om x signifi$3 :]eas ?is dove came sudd5ly into exi/5ce1 to fulfil ! purpose ( its signification1 & aft]w>ds ceas$ to exi/1 l ! flame :i* appe>$ 9 ! bu% to ,moses4 ,h5ce ! ,holy ,gho/ is said to h desc5d$ ^u ,*ri/1 n by reason ( ,8 be+ unit$ to ! dove3 b ei!r because ! dove itself signifi$ ! ,holy ,gho/1 inasmu* z x desc5d$ :5 x came ^u ,him2 or1 aga91 by reason ( ! spiritual grace1 :i* is p\r$ out by ,god1 s z to desc5d1 z x 71 on ! creature1 accord+ to ,james #a3ag3 ,e be/ gift & e p]fect gift is f above1 com+ d[n f ! ,fa!r ( lights4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xii 9 ,mat?473 ,at ! beg9n+ ( all spiritual transactions s5sible visions appe>1 = ! sake ( !m :o _c conceive at all an incorporeal nature 4 4 4 s t1 ?\gh aft]w>ds no su* ?+ occur1 !y may %ape _! fai? accord+ to t :i* has occurr$ once = all4 ,& !re=e ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ visibly1 "u a bodily %ape1 on ,*ri/ at ,8 baptism1 9 ord] t we may believe ,him to desc5d invisibly on all ^? :o are baptiz$4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! ,holy ,gho/ appe>$ ov] ,*ri/ at ,8 baptism1 "u ! =m ( a dove1 = f\r reasons4 ,fir/1 on acc\nt ( ! disposition requir$ 9 ! "o baptiz$--namely1 t he approa* 9 good fai?3 s9ce1 z x is writt5 7,wis4 #a3e73 ,! holy _s ( discipl9e w flee f ! deceitful4 ,= ! dove is an animal ( a simple "*1 void ( cunn+ & deceit3 :5ce x is said 7,matt4 #aj3af73 ,be ye simple z doves4 ,secondly1 9 ord] to designate ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i* are signifi$ by ! prop]ties ( ! dove4 ,= ! dove dwells beside ! runn+ /ream1 9 ord] t1 on p]ceiv+ ! hawk1 x may plunge 9 & escape4 ,?is ref]s to ! gift ( wisdom1 :]eby ! sa9ts dwell beside ! runn+ wat]s ( ,holy ,scripture1 9 ord] to escape ! assaults ( ! devil4 ,aga91 ! dove pref]s ! m *oice se$s4 ,?is ref]s to ! gift ( k1 :]eby ! sa9ts make *oice ( s\nd doctr9es1 ) :i* !y n\ri% !mselves4 ,fur!r1 ! dove fe$s ! brood ( o!r birds4 ,?is ref]s to ! gift ( c\nsel1 ) :i* ! sa9ts1 by tea*+ & example1 fe$ m5 :o h be5 ! brood1 i4e4 imitators1 ( ! devil4 ,aga91 ! dove te>s n ) its beak4 ,?is ref]s to ! gift ( und]/&+1 :]e) ! sa9ts d n r5d s\nd doctr9es1 z h]etics d4 ,aga91 ! dove has no gall4 ,?is ref]s to ! gift ( piety1 by reason ( :i* ! sa9ts are free f unreasonable ang]4 ,aga91 ! dove builds its ne/ 9 ! cleft ( a rock4 ,?is ref]s to ! gift ( =titude1 :]e) ! sa9ts build _! ne/1 i4e4 take refuge & hope1 9 ! dea? w\nds ( ,*ri/1 :o is ! ,rock ( /r5g?4 ,la/ly1 ! dove has a pla9tive song4 ,?is ref]s to ! gift ( fe>1 :]e) ! sa9ts delight 9 bewail+ s9s4 ,?irdly1 ! ,holy ,gho/ appe>$ "u ! =m ( a dove on acc\nt ( ! prop] effect ( baptism1 :i* is ! remission ( s9s & reconciliation ) ,god3 = ! dove is a g5tle creature4 ,:]e=e1 z ,*ryso/om says1 7,hom4 xii 9 ,mat?471 at ! ,deluge ?is creature appe>$ be>+ an olive bran*1 & publi%+ ! tid+s ( ! univ]sal peace ( ! :ole _w3 & n[ aga9 ! dove appe>s at ! baptism1 po9t+ to our ,deliv]]4 ,f\r?ly1 ! ,holy ,gho/ appe>$ ov] our ,"l at ,8 baptism 9 ! =m ( a dove1 9 ord] to designate ! common effect ( baptism--namely1 ! build+ up ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,eph4 #e3be-bg73 ,*ri/ deliv]$ ,himself up 4 4 4 t ,he might pres5t 4 4 4 to ,himself a glori\s ,*ur*1 n hav+ spot or wr9kle1 or any su* ?+ 4 4 4 cleans+ x by ! lav] ( wat] 9 ! ^w ( life4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld appe> at ! baptism "u ! =m ( a dove1 :i* is a creature bo? lov+ & greg>i\s4 ,:]e=e also x is said ( ! ,*ur* 7,cant #f3h73 ,"o is my dove4 ,b on ! apo/les ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ "u ! =m ( fire1 = two reasons4 ,fir/1 to %[ ) :at f]vor _! he>ts 7 to be mov$1 s z to prea* ,*ri/ ev]y:]e1 ?\gh surr\nd$ by opposition4 ,& !re=e ,he appe>$ z a fi]y tongue4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,joan41 ,tract4 vi73 ,our ,"l manife/s ! ,holy ,gho/ visibly 9 two ways--namely1 by ! dove com+ ^u ! ,"l :5 ,he 0 baptiz$2 by fire1 com+ ^u ! disciples :5 !y 7 met toge!r 4 4 4 ,9 ! =m] case simplicity is %[n1 9 ! latt] f]vor 4 4 4 ,we le>n1 !n1 f ! dove1 t ^? :o are sanctifi$ by ! ,_s %\ld be )\t guile3 & f ! fire1 t _! simplicity %\ld n be left to wax cold4 ,nor let x di/urb anyone t ! tongues 7 clov5 4 4 4 9 ! dove recognize unity4 ,secondly1 because1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,gregory1 ,hom4 xxx 9 ,ev473 ,s9ce s9s _h to be =giv51 :i* is effect$ 9 baptism1 meekness 0 requir$2 ?is is %[n by ! dove3 b :5 we h obta9$ grace we mu/ look =w>d to be judg$2 & ?is is signifi$ by ! fire4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ci1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,dove 9 ,:i* ! ,holy ,gho/ ,appe>$ ,0 ,real8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! dove 9 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ appe>$ 0 n real4 ,= t seems to be a m]e app>ition :i* appe>s 9 its semblance4 ,b x is /at$ 7,luke #c3bb7 t ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ 9 a bodily %ape z a dove ^u ,him4 ,!re=e x 0 n a real dove1 b a semblance ( a dove4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 j z ,nature does no?+ useless1 s nei!r does ,god 7,de ,coelo i74 ,n[ s9ce ?is dove came m]ely 9 ord] to signify some?+ & pass away1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 ii71 a real dove w\ld h be5 useless3 because ! semblance ( a dove 0 suffici5t = t purpose4 ,!re=e x 0 n a real dove4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! prop]ties ( a ?+ lead u to a k ( t ?+4 ,if1 !re=e1 ?is 7 a real dove1 its prop]ties w\ld h signifi$ ! nature ( ! real animal1 & n ! effect ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 n a real dove4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,agone ,*ri/4 xxii73 ,nor d we say ?is z ?\gh we ass]t$ t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ alone _h a real body1 & t ! ,holy ,gho/ appe>$ to m5's eyes 9 a fallaci\s mann]3 b we say t bo? ^? bodies 7 real4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #e1 ,a4 #a71 x 0 unbecom+ t ! ,son ( ,god1 :o is ! ,tru? ( ! ,fa!r1 %\ld make use ( any?+ unreal2 :]e=e ,he took1 n an imag9>y1 b a real body4 ,& s9ce ! ,holy ,gho/ is call$ ! ,_s ( ,tru?1 z appe>s f ,john #af3ac1 !re=e ,he too made a real dove 9 :i* to appe>1 ?\gh ,he did n assume x into unity ( p]son4 ,:]e=e1 aft] ! words quot$ above1 ,augu/9e adds3 ,j z x behoov$ ! ,son ( ,god n to deceive m51 s x behoov$ ! ,holy ,gho/ n to deceive4 ,b x 0 easy = ,almighty ,god1 :o creat$ all creatures out ( no?+1 to frame ! body ( a real dove )\t ! help ( o!r doves1 j z x 0 easy = ,him to =m a true body 9 ,m>y's womb )\t ! se$ ( a man3 s9ce ! corporeal creature obeys its ,"l's comm& & w1 bo? 9 ! "m's womb 9 =m+ a man1 & 9 ! _w itself 9 =m+ a dove4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,holy ,gho/ is said to h desc5d$ 9 ! %ape or semblance ( a dove1 n 9 ! s5se t ! dove 0 n real1 b 9 ord] to %[ t ,he did n appe> 9 ! =m ( ,8 sub/ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x 0 n sup]flu\s to =m a real dove1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ might appe>1 because by ! v reality ( ! dove ! reality ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & ( ,8 effects is signifi$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! prop]ties ( ! dove lead u to und]/& ! dove's nature & ! effects ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! same way4 ,because f ! v fact t ! dove has su* prop]ties1 x results t x signifies ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ci1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,becom+1 ,:5 ,*ri/ ,0 ,baptiz$ ,t ! ,fa!r's ,voice ,%\ld ,be ,he>d1 ,be>+ ,witness to ! ,son8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 unbecom+ :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ = ! ,fa!r's voice to be he>d be>+ witness to ! ,son4 ,= ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/1 accord+ z !y h appe>$ visibly1 are said to h be5 visibly s5t4 ,b x does n become ! ,fa!r to be s5t1 z ,augu/9e makes x cle> 7,de ,tr94 ii74 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 7does x become ,him7 to appe>4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! voice gives expression to ! ^w conceiv$ 9 ! he>t4 ,b ! ,fa!r is n ! ,^w4 ,!re=e ,he is unfitt+ly manife/$ by a voice4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,man-,*ri/ did n beg9 to be ,son ( ,god at ,8 baptism1 z "s h]etics h /at$3 b ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception4 ,!re=e ! ,fa!r's voice %\ld h proclaim$ ,*ri/'s ,godhead at ,8 nativity r ?an at ,8 baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3ag73 ,behold a voice f heav51 say+3 ,?is is ,my belov$ ,son 9 :om ,i am well pleas$4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #e71 t :i* is accompli%$ 9 our baptism %\ld be manife/$ 9 ,*ri/'s baptism1 :i* 0 ! exempl> ( ours4 ,n[ ! baptism :i* ! fai?ful receive is hall[$ by ! invocation & ! p[] ( ! ,tr9ity2 accord+ to ,matt4 #bh3ai3 ,g ye & tea* all nations1 baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,:]e=e1 z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #c3af1 #ag3 ,! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity is %[n =? 9 ,*ri/'s baptism4 ,our ,"l ,himself is baptiz$ 9 ,8 human nature2 ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ 9 ! %ape ( a dove3 ! ,fa!r's voice is he>d be>+ witness to ! ,son4 ,!re=e x 0 becom+ t 9 t baptism ! ,fa!r %\ld be manife/$ by a voice4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! visible mission adds some?+ to ! app>ition1 to wit1 ! au?ority ( ! s5d]4 ,!re=e ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/ :o are f ano!r1 are said n only to appe>1 b also to be s5t visibly4 ,b ! ,fa!r1 :o is n f ano!r1 c appe> inde$1 b _c be s5t visibly4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,fa!r is manife/$ by ! voice1 only z produc+ ! voice or speak+ by x4 ,& s9ce x is prop] to ! ,fa!r to produce ! ,^w--t is1 to utt] or to speak--!re=e 0 x mo/ becom+ t ! ,fa!r %\ld be manife/$ by a voice1 because ! voice designates ! ^w4 ,:]e=e ! v voice to :i* ! ,fa!r gave utt]ance bore witness to ! ,son%ip ( ! ,^w4 ,& j z ! =m ( ! dove1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 made manife/1 is n ! ,nature ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 nor is ! =m ( man 9 :i* ! ,son ,himself 0 manife/$1 ! v ,nature ( ! ,son ( ,god1 s nei!r does ! voice belong to ! ,nature ( ! ,^w or ( ! ,fa!r :o spoke4 ,h5ce 7,john #e3cg7 our ,"l says3 ,nei!r h y he>d ,81 i4e4 ! ,fa!r's1 voice at any "t1 nor se5 ,8 %ape4 ,by :i* words1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xl 9 ,joan471 ,he gradually leads !m to ! k ( ! philosophical tru?1 & %[s !m t ,god has nei!r voice nor %ape1 b is above all su* =ms & utt]ances4 ,& j z ! :ole ,tr9ity made bo? ! dove & ! human nature assum$ by ,*ri/1 s also !y =m$ ! voice3 yet ! ,fa!r alone z speak+ is manife/$ by ! voice1 j z ! ,son alone assum$ human nature1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ alone is manife/$ 9 ! dove1 z ,augu/9e 99,fulg5tius1 ,de ,fide ad ,petrum makes evid5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x 0 becom+ t ,*ri/'s ,godhead %\ld n be proclaim$ to all 9 ,8 nativity1 b r t ,x %\ld be hidd5 :ile ,he 0 subject to ! defects ( infancy4 ,b :5 ,he atta9$ to ! p]fect age1 :5 ! "t came = ,him to tea*1 to "w miracles1 & to draw m5 to ,himself !n did x behoove ,8 ,godhead to be atte/$ f on high by ! ,fa!r's te/imony1 s t ,8 tea*+ might become ! m cr$ible4 ,h5ce ,he says 7,john #e3cg73 ,! ,fa!r ,himself :o s5t ,me1 ha? giv5 te/imony ( ,me4 ,& specially at ! "t ( baptism1 by :i* m5 are born aga9 into adopt$ sons ( ,god2 s9ce ,god's sons by adoption are made to be l unto ,8 natural ,son1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3bi3 ,:om ,he =eknew1 ,he also pr$e/9at$ to be made con=mable to ! image ( ,8 ,son4 ,h5ce ,hil>y says 7,sup] ,mat?4 ii7 t :5 ,jesus 0 baptiz$1 ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ on ,him1 & ! ,fa!r's voice 0 he>d say+3 ',?is is ,my belov$ ,son1' t we might "k1 f :at 0 accompli%$ 9 ,*ri/1 t aft] be+ wa%$ 9 ! wat]s ( baptism ! ,holy ,gho/ comes d[n ^u u f on high1 & t ! ,fa!r's voice decl>es u to h become ! adopt$ sons ( ,god4 ,,"q #dj ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,mann] ,,( ,,life 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,hav+ consid]$ ^? ?+s :i* relate to ,*ri/'s entrance into ! _w1 or to ,8 beg9n+1 x rema9s = u to consid] ^? t relate to ! process ( ,8 life4 ,& we mu/ consid] 7#a7 ,8 mann] ( life2 7#b7 ,8 temptation2 7#c7 ,8 doctr9e2 7#d7 ,8 miracles4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ %\ld h l$ a solit>y life1 or h associat$ ) m58 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he %\ld h l$ an au/]e life z reg>ds food1 dr9k1 & clo?+8 ,or %\ld ,he h con=m$ ,himself to o!rs 9 ^! respects8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he %\ld h adopt$ a l[ly /ate ( life1 or "o ( weal? & honor8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he %\ld h liv$ 9 con=mity ) ! ,law8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dj1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,associat$ ) ,m51 or ,l$ a ,solit>y ,life8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h associat$ ) m51 b %\ld h l$ a solit>y life4 ,= x behoov$ ,*ri/ to %[ by ,8 mann] ( life n only t ,he 0 man1 b also t ,he 0 ,god4 ,b x is n becom+ t ,god %\ld associate ) m51 = x is writt5 7,dan4 #b3aa73 ,except ! gods1 ^: conv]sation is n ) m52 & ! ,philosoph] says 7,polit4 i7 t he :o lives alone is ei!r a bea/--t is1 if he d ?is f be+ wild--or a god1 if 8 motive be ! contemplation ( tru?4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 n becom+ = ,*ri/ to associate ) m54 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :ile ,he liv$ 9 mortal fle%1 x behoov$ ,*ri/ to lead a mo/ p]fect life4 ,b ! mo/ p]fect is ! contemplative life1 z we h /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #ahb1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,n[1 solitude is mo/ suitable to ! contemplative life2 accord+ to ,osee #b3ad3 ,i w lead h] into ! wild]ness1 & ,i w speak to h] he>t4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld h l$ a solit>y life4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s mann] ( life %\ld h be5 uni=m3 because x %\ld always h giv5 evid5ce ( t :i* is be/4 ,b at times ,*ri/ avoid$ ! cr[d & s\ght lonely places3 h5ce ,remigius 99,cf4 ,cat5a ,aurea1 ,mat?4 #e3a1 comm5t+ on ,mat!w1 says3 ,we read t our ,"l _h ?ree places ( refuge3 ! %ip1 ! m\nta91 ! des]t2 to "o or o!r ( :i* ,he betook ,himself :5ev] he 0 h>ass$ by ! cr[d4 ,!re=e ,he ought always to h l$ a solit>y life4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,b>u* #c3ch73 ,aft]w>ds ,he 0 se5 ^u e>? & conv]s$ ) m54 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s mann] ( life _h to be 9 keep+ ) ! end ( ,8 ,inc>nation1 by reason ( :i* ,he came into ! _w4 ,n[ ,he came into ! _w1 fir/1 t ,he might publi% ! tru?4 ,?us ,he says ,himself 7,john #ah3cg73 ,= ?is 0 ,i born1 & = ?is came ,i into ! _w1 t ,i %\ld give te/imony to ! tru?4 ,h5ce x 0 fitt+ n t ,he %\ld hide ,himself by lead+ a solit>y life1 b t ,he %\ld appe> op5ly & prea* 9 public4 ,:]e=e 7,luke #d3db1 #dc7 ,he says to ^? :o wi%$ to /ay ,him3 ,to o!r cities also ,i mu/ prea* ! k+dom ( ,god3 = !re=e am ,i s5t4 ,secondly1 ,he came 9 ord] to free m5 f s92 accord+ to #a ,tim4 #a3ae3 ,*ri/ ,jesus came into ?is _w to save s9n]s4 ,& h5ce1 z ,*ryso/om says1 al?\gh ,*ri/ might1 :ile /ay+ 9 ! same place1 h drawn all m5 to ,himself1 to he> ,8 prea*+1 yet ,he did n d s2 ?us giv+ u ! example to g ab\t & seek ^? :o p]i%1 l ! %eph]d 9 8 se>* ( ! lo/ %eep1 & ! physician 9 8 att5dance on ! sick4 ,?irdly1 ,he came t by ,him we might h access to ,god1 z x is writt5 7,rom4 #e3b74 ,& ?us x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld give m5 confid5ce 9 approa*+ ,him by associat+ famili>ly ) !m4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7,matt4 #i3aj73 ,x came to pass z ,he 0 sitt+ 4 4 4 9 ! h\se1 behold1 _m publicans & s9n]s came1 & sat d[n ) ,jesus & ,8 disciples4 ,on :i* ,j]ome comm5ts z foll[s3 ,!y _h se5 ! publican :o _h be5 conv]t$ f a s9ful to a bett] life3 & consequ5tly !y did n despair ( _! own salvation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ wi%$ to make ,8 ,godhead kn[n ?r\gh ,8 human nature4 ,& !re=e1 s9ce x is prop] to man to d s1 ,he associat$ ) m51 at ! same "t manife/+ ,8 ,godhead to all1 by prea*+ & work+ miracles1 & by lead+ among m5 a blameless & righte\s life4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #ahb1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #ahh1 ,a4 #f71 ! contemplative life is1 absolutely speak+1 m p]fect ?an ! active life1 because ! latt] is tak5 up ) bodily actions3 yet t =m ( active life 9 :i* a man1 by prea*+ & tea*+1 deliv]s to o!rs ! fruits ( 8 contemplation1 is m p]fect ?an ! life t /ops at contemplation1 because su* a life is built on an abundance ( contemplation1 & consequ5tly su* 0 ! life *os5 by ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s action is our in/ruction4 ,& !re=e1 9 ord] to tea* prea*]s t !y ought n to be = ev] be=e ! public1 our ,"l )drew ,himself sometimes f ! cr[d4 ,we are told ( ?ree reasons = ,8 do+ ?is4 ,fir/1 = ! re/ ( ! body3 h5ce 7,mk4 #f3ca7 x is /at$ t our ,"l said to ,8 disciples3 ,come ap>t into a des]t place1 & re/ a little4 ,= !re 7 _m com+ & go+3 & !y _h n s mu* z "t to eat4 ,b sometimes x 0 = ! sake ( pray]2 ?us x is writt5 7,luke #f3ab73 ,x came to pass 9 ^? days1 t ,he w5t out into a m\nta9 to pray2 & ,he pass$ ! :ole night 9 ! pray] ( ,god4 ,on ?is ,ambrose rem>ks t by ,8 example ,he in/ructs u 9 ! precepts ( virtue4 ,& sometimes ,he did s 9 ord] to tea* u to avoid ! favor ( m54 ,:]e=e ,*ryso/om1 comm5t+ on ,matt4 #e3a1 ,jesus1 see+ ! multitude1 w5t up into a m\nta91 says3 ,by sitt+ n 9 ! city & 9 ! m>ket-place1 b on a m\nta9 & 9 a place ( solitude1 ,he taught u to d no?+ = %[1 & to )draw f ! cr[d1 especially :5 we h to disc\rse ( ne$ful ?+s4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dj1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,becom+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,lead an ,au/]e ,life 9 ,?is ,_w8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 becom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld lead an au/]e life 9 ?is _w4 ,= ,*ri/ prea*$ ! p]fection ( life mu* m ?an ,john did4 ,b ,john l$ an au/]e life 9 ord] t he might p]suade m5 by 8 example to embrace a p]fect life2 = x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3d7 t ! same ,john _h 8 g>m5t ( camel's hair & a lea!rn girdle ab\t 8 lo9s3 & 8 meat 0 locu/s & wild honey2 on :i* ,*ryso/om comm5ts z foll[s 7,hom4 x73 ,x 0 a m>vel\s & /range ?+ to behold su* au/]ity 9 a human frame3 :i* ?+ also p>ticul>ly attract$ ! ,jews4 ,!re=e x seems t an au/]e life 0 mu* m becom+ to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ab/95ce is orda9$ to cont95cy2 = x is writt5 7,osee #d3aj73 ,!y %all eat & %all n be fill$2 !y h committ$ =nication1 & h n ceas$4 ,b ,*ri/ bo? obs]v$ cont95cy 9 ,himself & propos$ x to be obs]v$ by o!rs :5 ,he said 7,matt4 #ai3ab73 ,!re are eunu*s :o h made !mselves eunu*s = ! k+dom ( heav53 he t c take x let him take x4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld h obs]v$ an au/]e life bo? 9 ,himself & 9 ,8 disciples4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x seems absurd = a man to beg9 a /rict] =m ( life & to return to an easi] life3 = "o might quote to 8 discr$it t :i* is writt51 ,luke #ad3cj3 ,?is man began to build1 & 0 n able to f9i%4 ,n[ ,*ri/ began a v /rict life aft] ,8 baptism1 rema9+ 9 ! des]t & fa/+ = =ty days & =ty nights4 ,!re=e x seems unbecom+ t1 aft] lead+ su* a /rict life1 ,he %\ld return to ! common mann] ( liv+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #aa3ai73 ,! ,son ( ,man came eat+ & dr9k+4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 x 0 9 keep+ ) ! end ( ! ,inc>nation t ,*ri/ %\ld n lead a solit>y life1 b %\ld associate ) m54 ,n[ x is mo/ fitt+ t he :o associates ) o!rs %\ld con=m to _! mann] ( liv+2 accord+ to ! words ( ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #i3bb73 ,i became all ?+s to all m54 ,& !re=e x 0 mo/ fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld con=m to o!rs 9 ! matt] ( eat+ & dr9k+4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xvi7 t ,john is describ$ z 'nei!r eat+ nor dr9k+1' because he did n take ! same food z ! ,jews4 ,!re=e1 unless our ,"l _h tak5 x1 x w\ld n be said ( ,him1 9 contra/1 'eat+ & dr9k+4' ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ,8 mann] ( liv+ our ,"l gave an example ( p]fection z to all ^? ?+s :i* ( !mselves relate to salvation4 ,n[ ab/95ce 9 eat+ & dr9k+ does n ( itself relate to salvation1 accord+ to ,rom4 #ad3ag3 ,! k+dom ( ,god is n meat & dr9k4 ,& ,augu/9e 7,de ,qq4 ,evang4 ii1 qu4 #aa7 expla9s ,matt4 #aa3ai1 ,wisdom is ju/ifi$ by h] *ildr51 say+ t ?is is because ! holy apo/les und]/ood t ! k+dom ( ,god does n consi/ 9 eat+ & dr9k+1 b 9 suff]+ indig5ce ) equanimity1 = !y are nei!r uplift$ by afflu5ce1 nor di/ress$ by want4 ,aga9 7,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 iii71 he says t 9 all su* ?+s x is n mak+ use ( !m1 b ! wantonness ( ! us]1 t is s9ful4 ,n[ bo? ^! lives are lawful & praisewor?y--namely1 t a man )draw f ! society ( o!r m5 & obs]ve ab/95ce2 & t he associate ) o!r m5 & live l !m4 ,& !re=e our ,"l wi%$ to give m5 an example ( ei!r k9d ( life4 ,z to ,john1 accord+ to ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 xxxvii sup] ,mat?471 he exhibit$ no m ?an 8 life & righte\s conduct 4 4 4 b ,*ri/ _h ! te/imony also ( miracles4 ,leav+1 !re=e1 ,john to be illu/ri\s by 8 fa/+1 ,he ,himself came ! opposite way1 bo? com+ unto publicans' tables & eat+ & dr9k+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z by ab/95ce o!r m5 acquire ! p[] ( self-re/ra9t1 s also ,*ri/1 9 ,himself & 9 ^? t are ,81 subdu$ ! fle% by ! p[] ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,:]e=e1 z we read ,matt4 #i3ad1 ! ,ph>isees & ! disciples ( ,john fa/$1 b n ! disciples ( ,*ri/4 ,on :i* ,b$e comm5ts1 say+ t ,john drank nei!r w9e nor /rong dr9k3 because ab/95ce is m]itori\s :]e ! nature is weak4 ,b :y %\ld our ,"l1 ^: "r by nature x is to =give s9s1 avoid ^? :om ,he c\ld make holi] ?an su* z ab/a98 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xiii sup] ,mat?471 t ?\ mighte/ le>n h[ great a good is fa/+1 & h[ x is a %ield aga9/ ! devil1 & t aft] baptism ?\ %\ld/ give ?yself up1 n to luxury1 b to fa/+--= ?is cause did ,he fa/1 n z ne$+ x ,himself1 b z tea*+ u 4 4 4 ,& = ?is did ,he proce$ no fur!r ?an ,moses & ,elias1 le/ ,8 assumption ( our fle% might seem incr$ible4 ,! my/ical mean+1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 xvi 9 ,evang471 is t by ,*ri/'s example ! numb] =ty is obs]v$ 9 ,8 fa/1 because ! p[] ( ! decalogue is fulfill$ ?r\gh\t ! f\r books ( ! ,holy ,gospel3 s9ce t5 multipli$ by f\r am\nts to =ty4 ,or1 because we live 9 ?is mortal body compos$ ( ! f\r elem5ts1 & by its lu/s we transgress ! comm&m5ts ( ! ,"l1 :i* are express$ 9 ! decalogue4 ,or1 accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #ha73 ,to "k ! ,creator & ! creature is ! entire tea*+ ( wisdom4 ,! ,creator is ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,n[ ! creature is p>tly invisible1 z ! s\l1 to :i* ! numb] ?ree may be ascrib$1 = we are comm&$ to love ,god 9 ?ree ways1 ') our :ole he>t1 our :ole s\l1 & our :ole m9d'2 & p>tly visible1 z ! body1 to :i* ! numb] f\r is applicable on acc\nt ( its be+ subject to heat1 moi/ure1 cold1 & dryness4 ,h5ce if we multiply t51 :i* may be ref]r$ to ! entire moral code1 by f\r1 :i* numb] may be appli$ to ! body1 because x is ! body t executes ! law1 ! product is ! numb] =ty3 9 :i*1 consequ5tly1 ! "t dur+ :i* we sigh & grieve is %[n =?4 ,& yet !re 0 no inconsi/5cy 9 ,*ri/'s return+ to ! common mann] ( liv+1 aft] fa/+ & 7retir+ into !7 des]t4 ,= x is becom+ to t k9d ( life1 :i* we hold ,*ri/ to h embrac$1 :]e9 a man deliv]s to o!rs ! fruits ( 8 contemplation1 t he devote himself fir/ ( all to contemplation1 & t he aft]w>ds come d[n to ! publicity ( active life by associat+ ) o!r m54 ,h5ce ,b$e says on ,mk4 #b3ah3 ,*ri/ fa/$1 t ?\ mighte/ n disobey ! comm&m5t2 ,he ate ) s9n]s1 t ?\ mighte/ disc]n ,8 sanctity & ackn[l$ge ,8 p[]4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dj1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,l$ a ,life ( ,pov]ty 9 ,?is ,_w8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h l$ a life ( pov]ty 9 ?is _w4 ,because ,*ri/ %\ld h embrac$ ! mo/ eligible =m ( life4 ,b ! mo/ eligible =m ( life is t :i* is a mean betwe5 ri*es & pov]ty2 = x is writt5 7,prov4 #cj3h73 ,give me nei!r begg>y nor ri*es2 give me only ! necess>ies ( life4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ %\ld h l$ a life1 n ( pov]ty1 b ( mod]ation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ext]nal weal? is orda9$ to bodily use z to food & raim5t4 ,b ,*ri/ con=m$ ,8 mann] ( life to ^? among :om ,he liv$1 9 ! matt] ( food & raim5t4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he %\ld h obs]v$ ! ord9>y mann] ( life z to ri*es & pov]ty1 & h avoid$ extreme pov]ty4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ specially invit$ m5 to imitate ,8 example ( humility1 accord+ to ,matt4 #aa3bi3 ,le>n ( ,me1 because ,i am meek & humble ( he>t4 ,b humility is mo/ comm5dable 9 ! ri*2 ?us x is writt5 7#a ,tim4 #f3aa73 ,*>ge ! ri* ( ?is _w n to be high-m9d$4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld n h *os5 a life ( pov]ty4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #h3bj73 ,! ,son ( ,man ha? n :]e to lay ,8 head3 z ?\gh ,he 7 to say z ,j]ome obs]ves3 ,:y desire/ ?\ to foll[ ,me = ! sake ( ri*es & worldly ga91 s9ce ,i am s poor t ,i h n ev5 ! smalle/ dwell+-place1 & ,i am %elt]$ by a ro( t is n ,m9e8 ,& on ,matt4 #ag3bf3 ,t we may n sc&alize !m1 g to ! sea1 ,j]ome says3 ,?is incid5t1 tak5 lit]ally1 af=ds edification to ^? :o he> x :5 !y are told t our ,"l 0 s poor t ,he _h n ! :]e)al to pay ! tax = ,himself & ,8 apo/les4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to lead a life ( pov]ty 9 ?is _w4 ,fir/1 because ?is 0 9 keep+ ) ! duty ( prea*+1 = :i* purpose ,he says t ,he came 7,mk4 #a3ch73 ,let u g into ! neighbor+ t[ns & cities1 t ,i may prea* !re also3 = to ?is purpose am ,i come4 ,n[ 9 ord] t ! prea*]s ( ,god's ^w may be able to give all _! "t to prea*+1 !y mu/ be :olly free f c>e ( worldly matt]s3 :i* is impossible = ^? :o are possess$ ( weal?4 ,:]e=e ! ,"l ,himself1 :5 s5d+ ! apo/les to prea*1 said to !m 7,matt4 #aj3i73 ,d n possess gold nor silv]4 ,& ! apo/les 7,acts #f3b7 say3 ,x is n reasonable t we %\ld leave ! ^w ( ,god & s]ve tables4 ,secondly1 because j z ,he took ^u ,himself ! dea? ( ! body 9 ord] to be/[ spiritual life on u1 s did ,he be> bodily pov]ty1 9 ord] to enri* u spiritually1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #h3i3 ,y "k ! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/3 t 4 4 4 ,he became poor = our ,vulg43 'y\r' sakes t ?r\gh ,8 pov]ty we ,vulg43 'y' might be ri*4 ,?irdly1 le/ if ,he 7 ri* ,8 prea*+ might be ascrib$ to cupidity4 ,:]e=e ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #aj3i1 t if ! disciples _h be5 possess$ ( weal?1 !y _h seem$ to prea* = ga91 n = ! salvation ( mank9d4 ,& ! same reason applies to ,*ri/4 ,f\r?ly1 t ! m l[ly ,he seem$ by reason ( ,8 pov]ty1 ! great] might ! p[] ( ,8 ,godhead be %[n to be4 ,h5ce 9 a s]mon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7,p4 iii1 c4 ix7 we read3 ,he *ose all t 0 poor & despicable1 all t 0 ( small acc\nt & hidd5 f ! majority1 t we might recognize ,8 ,godhead to h trans=m$ ! t]re/rial sph]e4 ,= ?is reason did ,he *oose a poor maid = ,8 ,"m1 a poor] bir?place2 = ?is reason did ,he live 9 want4 ,le>n ?is f ! mang]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^? :o wi% to live virtu\sly ne$ to avoid abundance ( ri*es & begg>y1 9 z f> z ^! are occasions ( s93 s9ce abundance ( ri*es is an occasion = be+ pr\d2 & begg>y is an occasion ( ?iev+ & ly+1 or ev5 ( p]jury4 ,b =asmu* z ,*ri/ 0 incapable ( s91 ,he _h n ! same motive z ,solomon = avoid+ ^! ?+s4 ,yet nei!r is e k9d ( begg>y an occasion ( !ft & p]jury1 z ,solomon seems to add 7,prov4 #cj3h72 b only t :i* is involunt>y1 9 ord] to avoid :i*1 a man is guilty ( !ft & p]jury4 ,b volunt>y pov]ty is n op5 to ?is dang]3 & su* 0 ! pov]ty *os5 by ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,a man may fe$ & clo! himself 9 con=mity ) o!rs1 n only by possess+ ri*es1 b also by receiv+ ! necess>ies ( life f ^? :o are ri*4 ,?is is :at happ5$ 9 reg>d to ,*ri/3 = x is writt5 7,luke #h3b1 #c7 t c]ta9 wom5 foll[$ ,*ri/ & m9i/]$ unto ,him ( _! sub/ance4 ,=1 z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #bg3ee1 ,x 0 a ,jewi% cu/om1 nor 0 x ?\ght wrong = wom51 foll[+ ! anci5t tradition ( _! nation1 out ( _! private means to provide _! in/ructors ) food & clo?+4 ,b z ?is might give sc&al to ! hea!ns1 ,paul says t he gave x up3 ?us x 0 possible = !m to be f$ out ( a common fund1 b n to possess weal?1 )\t _! duty ( prea*+ be+ h9d]$ by anxiety4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,humility is n mu* to be prais$ 9 "o :o is poor ( necessity4 ,b 9 "o :o1 l ,*ri/1 is poor will+ly1 pov]ty itself is a sign ( v great humility4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dj1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,con=m$ ,8 ,conduct to ! ,law8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n con=m ,8 conduct to ! ,law4 ,= ! ,law =bade any "w :atsoev] to be done on ! ,sabba?1 s9ce ,god re/$ on ! sev5? day f all ,8 "w :i* ,he _h done4 ,b ,he heal$ a man on ! ,sabba?1 & comm&$ him to take up 8 b$4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he did n con=m ,8 conduct to ! ,law4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at ,*ri/ taught1 t ,he also did1 accord+ to ,acts #a3a3 ,jesus began to d & to tea*4 ,b ,he taught 7,matt4 #ae3aa7 t n all t :i* goe? into ! m\? defile? a man3 & ?is is contr>y to ! precept ( ! ,law1 :i* decl>$ t a man 0 made unclean by eat+ & t\*+ c]ta9 animals1 z /at$ ,lev4 #aa4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he did n con=m ,8 conduct to ! ,law4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 he :o cons5ts to any?+ is ( ! same m9d z he :o does x1 accord+ to ,rom4 #a3cb3 ,n only !y t d !m1 b !y also t cons5t to !m t d !m4 ,b ,*ri/1 by excus+ ,8 disciples1 cons5t$ to _! break+ ! ,law by pluck+ ! e>s ( corn on ! ,sabba?2 z is relat$ ,matt4 #ab3a-h4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ did n con=m ,8 conduct to ! ,law4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #e3ag73 ,d n ?9k t ,i am come to de/roy ! ,law or ! ,prophets4 ,comm5t+ on ^! words1 ,*ryso/om says3 ,he fulfill$ ! ,law 4 4 4 9 "o way1 by transgress+ none ( ! precepts ( ! ,law2 secondly1 by ju/ify+ u ?r\gh fai?1 :i* ! ,law1 9 ! lett]1 0 unable to d4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ con=m$ ,8 conduct 9 all ?+s to ! precepts ( ! ,law4 ,9 tok5 ( ?is ,he wi%$ ev5 to be circumcis$2 = ! circumcision is a k9d ( prote/ation ( a man's purpose ( keep+ ! ,law1 accord+ to ,gal4 #e3c3 ,i te/ify to e man circumcis+ himself1 t he is a debtor to d ! :ole ,law4 ,& ,*ri/1 inde$1 wi%$ to con=m ,8 conduct to ! ,law1 fir/1 to %[ ,8 approval ( ! ,old ,law4 ,secondly1 t by obey+ ! ,law ,he might p]fect x & br+ x to an end 9 ,8 own self1 s z to %[ t x 0 orda9$ to ,him4 ,?irdly1 to deprive ! ,jews ( an excuse = sl&]+ ,him4 ,f\r?ly1 9 ord] to deliv] m5 f subjection to ! ,law1 accord+ to ,gal4 #d3d1 #e3 ,god s5t ,8 ,son 4 4 4 made "u ! ,law t ,he might r$eem !m :o 7 "u ! ,law4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,our ,"l excuses ,himself f any transgression ( ! ,law 9 ?is matt]1 = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 ! precept ( ! hall[+ ( ! ,sabba? =bids n ,div9e "w1 b human "w3 = ?\gh ,god ceas$ on ! sev5? day f ! creation ( new creatures1 yet ,he ev] works by keep+ & gov]n+ ,8 creatures4 ,n[ t ,*ri/ wr\ght miracles 0 a ,div9e "w3 h5ce ,he says 7,john #e3ag73 ,my ,fa!r worke? until n[2 & ,i "w4 ,secondly1 ,he excuses ,himself on ! gr\nd t ?is precept does n =bid works :i* are ne$ful = bodily heal?4 ,:]e=e ,he says 7,luke #ac3ae73 ,do? n e "o ( y on ! ,sabba?-day loose 8 ox or 8 ass f ! mang]1 & lead !m to wat]8 ,& f>!r on 7,luke #ad3e73 ,:i* ( y %all h an ass or an ox fall into a pit1 & w n imm$iately draw him out on ! ,sabba?-day8 ,n[ x is manife/ t ! miracul\s works done by ,*ri/ relat$ to heal? ( body & s\l4 ,?irdly1 because ?is precept does n =bid works p]ta9+ to ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,:]e=e ,he says 7,matt4 #ab3e73 ,h ye n read 9 ! ,law t on ! ,sabba?-days ! prie/s 9 ! ,temple break ! ,sabba?1 & are )\t blame8 ,& 7,john #g3bc7 x is writt5 t a man receives circumcision on ! ,sabba?-day4 ,n[ :5 ,*ri/ comm&$ ! p>alytic to c>ry 8 b$ on ! ,sabba?-day1 ?is p]ta9$ to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 i4e4 to ! praise ( ,god's p[]4 ,& ?us x is cle> t ,he did n break ! ,sabba?3 al?\gh ! ,jews ?rew ?is false accusation 9 ,8 face1 say+ 7,john #i3af73 ,?is man is n ( ,god1 :o keepe? n ! ,sabba?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by ^? words ,*ri/ wi%$ to %[ t man is made unclean z to 8 s\l1 by ! use ( any sort ( foods consid]$ n 9 _! nature1 b only 9 "s signification4 ,& t c]ta9 foods are 9 ! ,law call$ unclean is due to "s signification2 :5ce ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 vi73 ,if a "q be rais$ ab\t sw9e & lambs1 bo? are clean by nature1 s9ce 'all ,god's creatures are good'2 b by a c]ta9 signification lambs are clean & sw9e unclean4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! disciples also1 :51 be+ hungry1 !y pluck$ ! e>s ( corn on ! ,sabba?1 are to be excus$ f transgress+ ! ,law1 s9ce !y 7 press$ by hung]3 j z ,david did n transgress ! ,law :51 ?r\gh be+ compell$ by hung]1 he ate ! loaves :i* x 0 n lawful = him to eat4 ,,"q #da ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,temptation 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ,*ri/'s temptation1 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 becom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be tempt$8 7#b7 ,( ! place2 7#c7 ,( ! "t2 7#d7 ,( ! mode & ord] ( ! temptation4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #da1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,becom+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,be ,tempt$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n becom+ = ,*ri/ to be tempt$4 ,= to tempt is to make an exp]im5t1 :i* is n done save 9 reg>d to some?+ unkn[n4 ,b ! p[] ( ,*ri/ 0 kn[n ev5 to ! demons2 = x is writt5 7,luke #d3da7 t ,he suff]$ !m n to speak1 = !y knew t ,he 0 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 unbecom+ = ,*ri/ to be tempt$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ 0 come 9 ord] to de/roy ! works ( ! devil1 accord+ to #a ,john #c3h3 ,= ?is purpose ! ,son ( ,god appe>$1 t ,he might de/roy ! works ( ! devil4 ,b x is n = ! same to de/roy ! works ( a c]ta9 "o & to suff] !m4 ,!re=e x seems unbecom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld suff] ,himself to be tempt$ by ! devil4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 temptation is f a ?reefold s\rce--! fle%1 ! _w1 & ! devil4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 n tempt$ ei!r by ! fle% or by ! _w4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld ,he h be5 tempt$ by ! devil4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #d3a73 ,jesus 0 l$ by ! ,_s into ! des]t to be tempt$ by ! devil4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be tempt$2 fir/ t ,he might /r5g!n u aga9/ temptations4 ,h5ce ,gregory says 9 a homily 7xvi 9 ,evang473 ,x 0 n unwor?y ( our ,r$eem] to wi% to be tempt$1 :o came also to be sla92 9 ord] t by ,8 temptations ,he might conqu] our temptations1 j z by ,8 dea? ,he ov]came our dea?4 ,secondly1 t we might be w>n$1 s t none1 h[ev] holy1 may ?9k himself safe or free f temptation4 ,:]e=e also ,he wi%$ to be tempt$ aft] ,8 baptism1 because1 z ,hil>y says 7,sup] ,mat?41 cap4 iii473 ,! temptations ( ! devil assail ^? pr9cipally :o are sanctifi$1 = he desires1 above all1 to ov]come ! holy4 ,h5ce also x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #b73 ,son1 :5 ?\ come/ to ! s]vice ( ,god1 /& 9 ju/ice & 9 fe>1 & prep>e ?y s\l = temptation4 ,?irdly1 9 ord] to give u an example3 to tea* u1 to wit1 h[ to ov]come ! temptations ( ! devil4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv7 t ,*ri/ all[$ ,himself to be tempt$ by ! devil1 t ,he might be our ,m$iator 9 ov]com+ temptations1 n only by help+ u1 b also by giv+ u an example4 ,f\r?ly1 9 ord] to fill u ) confid5ce 9 ,8 m]cy4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,heb4 #d3ae73 ,we h n a high-prie/1 :o _c h compassion on our infirmities1 b "o tempt$ 9 all ?+s l z we are1 )\t s94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei ix73 ,*ri/ 0 kn[n to ! demons only s f> z ,he will$2 n z ! ,au?or ( et]nal life1 b z ! cause ( c]ta9 temporal effects1 f :i* !y =m$ a c]ta9 conjecture t ,*ri/ 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b s9ce !y also obs]v$ 9 ,him c]ta9 signs ( human frailty1 !y did n "k = c]ta9 t ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god3 :]e=e 7! devil7 wi%$ to tempt ,him4 ,?is is impli$ by ! words ( ,matt4 #d3b1 #c1 say+ t1 aft] ,he 0 hungry1 ! tempt] came to ,him1 because1 z ,hil>y says 7,sup] ,mat?41 cap4 iii71 ,_h n ,*ri/'s weakness 9 hung]+ betray$ ,8 human nature1 ! devil w\ld n h d>$ to tempt ,him4 ,moreov]1 ?is appe>s f ! v mann] ( ! temptation1 :5 he said3 ,if ,?\ be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,:i* words ,ambrose expla9s z foll[s 7,9 ,luc4 iv73 ,:at means ?is way ( address+ ,him1 save t1 ?\gh he knew t ! ,son ( ,god 0 to come1 yet he did n ?9k t ,he _h come 9 ! weakness ( ! fle%8 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ came to de/roy ! works ( ! devil1 n by p[]ful de$s1 b r by suff]+ f him & 8 memb]s1 s z to conqu] ! devil by righte\sness1 n by p[]2 ?us ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii7 t ! devil 0 to be ov]come1 n by ! p[] ( ,god1 b by righte\sness4 ,& !re=e 9 reg>d to ,*ri/'s temptation we mu/ consid] :at ,he did ( ,8 own w & :at ,he suff]$ f ! devil4 ,= t ,he all[$ ,himself to be tempt$ 0 due to ,8 own w4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7,matt4 #d3a73 ,jesus 0 l$ by ! ,_s into ! des]t1 to be tempt$ by ! devil2 & ,gregory 7,hom4 xvi 9 ,evang47 says ?is is to be und]/ood ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 to wit1 t ?i!r did ,8 ,_s lead ,him1 :]e ! wick$ _s w\ld f9d ,him & tempt ,him4 ,b ,he suff]$ f ! devil 9 be+ tak5 up on to ! p9nacle ( ! ,temple & aga9 into a v high m\nta94 ,nor is x /range1 z ,gregory obs]ves1 t ,he all[$ ,himself to be tak5 by him on to a m\nta91 :o all[$ ,himself to be crucifi$ by ,8 memb]s4 ,& we und]/& ,him to h be5 tak5 up by ! devil1 n1 z x 71 by =ce1 b because1 z ,orig5 says 7,hom4 xxi sup] ,luc471 ,he foll[$ ,him 9 ! c\rse ( ,8 temptation l a wre/l] advanc+ ( 8 own accord4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #d3ae71 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be tempt$ 9 all ?+s1 )\t s94 ,n[ temptation :i* comes f an enemy c be )\t s93 because x comes ab\t by m]ely outw>d sugge/ion4 ,b temptation :i* comes f ! fle% _c be )\t s91 because su* a temptation is caus$ by pleasure & concupisc5ce2 &1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xix71 x is n )\t s9 t '! fle% desire? aga9/ ! _s4' ,& h5ce ,*ri/ wi%$ to be tempt$ by an enemy1 b n by ! fle%4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #da1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,tempt$ 9 ! ,des]t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h be5 tempt$ 9 ! des]t4 ,because ,*ri/ wi%$ to be tempt$ 9 ord] to give u an example1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,b an example %\ld be set op5ly be=e ^? :o are to foll[ x4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld n h be5 tempt$ 9 ! des]t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xii 9 ,mat?473 ,!n mo/ especially does ! devil assail by tempt+ u1 :5 he sees u alone4 ,?us did he tempt ! woman 9 ! beg9n+ :5 he f\nd h] ap>t f h] husb&4 ,h5ce x seems t1 by go+ into ! des]t to be tempt$1 ,he expos$ ,himself to temptation4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,8 temptation is an example to u1 x seems t o!rs too %\ld take su* /eps z w lead !m into temptation4 ,& yet ?is seems a dang]\s ?+ to d1 s9ce r %\ld we avoid ! occasion ( be+ tempt$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,matt4 #d3e1 ,*ri/'s second temptation is set d[n1 9 :i* ! devil took ,*ri/ up into ! ,holy ,city1 & set ,him ^u ! p9nacle ( ! ,temple3 :i* is c]ta9ly n 9 ! des]t4 ,!re=e ,he 0 n tempt$ 9 ! des]t only4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,mk4 #a3ac7 t ,jesus 0 9 ! des]t =ty days & =ty nights1 & 0 tempt$ by ,satan4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 ,*ri/ ( ,8 own free-w expos$ ,himself to be tempt$ by ! devil1 j z by ,8 own free-w ,he submitt$ to be kill$ by 8 memb]s2 else ! devil w\ld n h d>$ to approa* ,him4 ,n[ ! devil pref]s to assail a man :o is alone1 =1 z x is writt5 7,eccles4 #d3ab71 if a man prevail aga9/ "o1 two %all )/& him4 ,& s x 0 t ,*ri/ w5t out into ! des]t1 z to a field ( battle1 to be tempt$ !re by ! devil4 ,h5ce ,ambrose says on ,luke #d3a1 t ,*ri/ 0 l$ into ! des]t = ! purpose ( provok+ ! devil4 ,= _h he1 i4e4 ! devil1 n f\ght1 ,he1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 w\ld n h conqu]$4 ,he adds o!r reasons1 say+ t ,*ri/ 9 do+ ?is set =? ! my/]y ( ,adam's deliv]y f exile1 :o _h be5 expell$ f p>adise into ! des]t1 & set an example to u1 by %[+ t ! devil envies ^? :o /rive = bett] ?+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ is set z an example to all ?r\gh fai?1 accord+ to ,heb4 #ab3b3 ,look+ on ,jesus1 ! au?or & f9i%] ( fai?4 ,n[ fai?1 z x is writt5 7,rom4 #aj3ag71 come? by he>+1 b n by see+3 nay1 x is ev5 said 7,john #bj3bi73 ,bless$ are !y t h n se5 & h believ$4 ,& !re=e1 9 ord] t ,*ri/'s temptation might be an example to u1 x behoov$ t m5 %\ld n see x1 & x 0 en\gh t !y %\ld he> x relat$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! occasions ( temptation are tw(old4 ,"o is on ! "p ( man--= in/ance1 :5 a man causes himself to be ne> to s9 by n avoid+ ! occasion ( s9n+4 ,& su* occasions ( temptation %\ld be avoid$1 z x is writt5 ( ,lot 7,g54 #ai3ag73 ,nei!r /ay ?\ 9 all ! c\ntry ab\t ,sodom4 ,ano!r occasion ( temptation is on ! "p ( ! devil1 :o always envies ^? :o /rive = bett] ?+s1 z ,ambrose says 7,9 ,luc4 iv1 #a74 ,& su* occasions ( temptation are n to be avoid$4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 v 9 ,mat?4 99,f ! supposititi\s ,opus ,imp]fectum73 ,n only ,*ri/ 0 l$ into ! des]t by ! ,_s1 b all ,god's *ildr5 t h ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= x is n en\gh = !m to sit idle2 ! ,holy ,gho/ urges !m to endeavor to d some?+ great3 :i* is = !m to be 9 ! des]t f ! devil's /&po9t1 = no unrighte\sness1 9 :i* ! devil delights1 is !re4 ,aga91 e good "w1 comp>$ to ! fle% & ! _w1 is ! des]t2 because x is n accord+ to ! w ( ! fle% & ( ! _w4 ,n[1 !re is no dang] 9 giv+ ! devil su* an occasion ( temptation2 s9ce ! help ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o is ! ,au?or ( ! p]fect de$1 is m p[]ful99 ?an ! assault ( ! envi\s devil4 99,all ! codices read 'majus4' ,"o ( ! e>lie/ pr9t$ editions has 'magis1' :i* has mu* to comm5d x1 s9ce ,/4 ,?omas is comm5t+ ! text quot$ f ,/4 ,*ryso/om4 ,! translation w\ld run ?us3 's9ce r is x 7! temptation7 a help f ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o1' etc44 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,"s say t all ! temptations took place 9 ! des]t4 ,( ^! "s say t ,*ri/ 0 l$ into ! ,holy ,city1 n really1 b 9 an imag9>y vision2 :ile o!rs say t ! ,holy ,city itself1 i4e4 ,j]usalem1 is call$ a des]t1 because x 0 des]t$ by ,god4 ,b !re is no ne$ = ?is explanation4 ,= ,m>k says t ,he 0 tempt$ 9 ! des]t by ! devil1 b n t ,he 0 tempt$ 9 ! des]t only4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #da1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,temptation ,%\ld ,h ,tak5 ,place ,aft] ,8 ,fa/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s temptation %\ld n h tak5 place aft] ,8 fa/4 ,= x has be5 said above 7,q4 #dj1 ,a4 #b7 t an au/]e mode ( life 0 n becom+ to ,*ri/4 ,b x savors ( extreme au/]ity t ,he %\ld h eat5 no?+ = =ty days & =ty nights1 = ,gregory 7,hom4 xvi 9 ,evang47 expla9s ! fact t ,he fa/$ =ty days & =ty nights1 say+ t dur+ t "t ,he p>took ( no food :atev]4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,he %\ld n ?us h fa/$ be=e ,8 temptation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,mk4 #a3ac7 t ,he 0 9 ! des]t =ty days & =ty nights2 & 0 tempt$ by ,satan4 ,n[1 ,he fa/$ =ty days & =ty nights4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he 0 tempt$ by ! devil1 n aft]1 b dur+1 ,8 fa/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 we read t ,*ri/ fa/$ b once4 ,b ,he 0 tempt$ by ! devil1 n only once1 = x is writt5 7,luke #d3ac7 t all ! temptation be+ end$1 ! devil dep>t$ f ,him = a "t4 ,z1 !re=e1 ,he did n fa/ be=e ! second temptation1 s nei!r %\ld ,he h fa/$ be=e ! fir/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #d3b1 #c73 ,:5 ,he _h fa/$ =ty days & =ty nights1 aft]w>ds ,he 0 hungry3 & !n ! tempt] came to ,him4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 becom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld wi% to fa/ be=e ,8 temptation4 ,fir/1 9 ord] to give u an example4 ,= s9ce we are all 9 urg5t ne$ ( /r5g!n+ ourselves aga9/ temptation1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 by fa/+ be=e be+ tempt$1 ,he tea*es u ! ne$ ( fa/+ 9 ord] to equip ourselves aga9/ temptation4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le 7#b ,cor4 #f3e1 #g7 reckons fa/+s toge!r ) ! armor ( ju/ice4 ,secondly1 9 ord] to %[ t ! devil assails ) temptations ev5 ^? :o fa/1 z likewise ^? :o are giv5 to o!r good works4 ,& s ,*ri/'s temptation took place aft] ,8 fa/1 z also aft] ,8 baptism4 ,h5ce s9ce r ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xiii sup] ,mat?473 ,to in/ruct !e h[ great a good is fa/+1 & h[ x is a mo/ p[]ful %ield aga9/ ! devil2 & t aft] baptism ?\ %\ld/ give ?yself up1 n to luxury1 b to fa/+2 = ?is cause ,*ri/ fa/$1 n z ne$+ x ,himself1 b z tea*+ u4 ,?irdly1 because aft] ! fa/1 hung] foll[$1 :i* made ! devil d>e to approa* ,him1 z already /at$ 7,a4 #a1 ad #a74 ,n[1 :5 our ,"l 0 hungry1 says ,hil>y 7,sup] ,mat?4 iii71 x 0 n because ,he 0 ov]come by want ( food1 b because ,he ab&on$ ,8 manhood to its nature4 ,= ! devil 0 to be conqu]$1 n by ,god1 b by ! fle%4 ,:]e=e ,*ryso/om too says3 ,he proce$$ no f>!r ?an ,moses & ,elias1 le/ ,8 assumption ( our fle% might seem incr$ible4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x 0 becom+ = ,*ri/ n to adopt an extreme =m ( au/]e life 9 ord] to %[ ,himself outw>dly 9 con=mity ) ^? to :om ,he prea*$4 ,n[1 no "o %\ld take up ! (fice ( prea*] unless he be already cleans$ & p]fect 9 virtue1 accord+ to :at is said ( ,*ri/1 t ,jesus began to d & to tea* 7,acts #a3a74 ,consequ5tly1 imm$iately aft] ,8 baptism ,*ri/ adopt$ an au/]e =m ( life1 9 ord] to tea* u ! ne$ ( tam+ ! fle% be=e pass+ on to ! (fice ( prea*+1 accord+ to ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #i3bg73 ,i *a/ise my body1 & br+ x into subjection1 le/ p]haps :5 ,i h prea*$ to o!rs1 ,i myself %\ld become a ca/away4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,^! words ( ,m>k may be und]/ood z mean+ t ,he 0 9 ! des]t =ty days & =ty nights1 & t ,he fa/$ dur+ t "t3 & ! words1 & ,he 0 tempt$ by ,satan1 may be tak5 z ref]r+1 n to ! "t dur+ :i* ,he fa/$1 b to ! "t t foll[$3 s9ce ,mat!w says t aft] ,he _h fa/$ =ty days & =ty nights1 aft]w>ds ,he 0 hungry1 ?us af=d+ ! devil a pretext = approa*+ ,him4 ,& s ! words t foll[1 & ! angels m9i/]$ to ,him1 are to be tak5 9 sequ5ce1 :i* is cle> f ! words ( ,mat!w 7#d3aa73 ,!n ! devil left ,him1 i4e4 aft] ! temptation1 & behold angels came & m9i/]$ to ,him4 ,& z to ! words ins]t$ by ,m>k1 & ,he 0 ) ! bea/s1 accord+ to ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 xiii 9 ,mat?471 !y are set d[n 9 ord] to describe ! des]t z be+ impassable to man & full ( bea/s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 accord+ to ,b$e's exposition ( ,mk4 #a3ab1 #ac1 our ,"l 0 tempt$ =ty days & =ty nights4 ,b ?is is n to be und]/ood ( ! visible temptations :i* are relat$ by ,mat!w & ,luke1 & occurr$ aft] ! fa/1 b ( c]ta9 o!r assaults :i* p]haps ,*ri/ suff]$ f ! devil dur+ t "t ( ,8 fa/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,ambrose says on ,luke #d3ac1 ! devil dep>t$ f ,*ri/ = a "t1 because1 lat] on1 he return$1 n to tempt ,him1 b to assail ,him op5ly--namely1 at ! "t ( ,8 ,passion4 ,nev]!less1 ,he seem$ 9 ?is lat] assault to tempt ,*ri/ to dejection & hatr$ ( ,8 neighbor2 j z 9 ! des]t he _h tempt$ ,him to glutton\s pleasure & idolatr\s contempt ( ,god4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #da1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,mode & ,ord] ( ! ,temptation ,7 ,becom+8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! mode & ord] ( ! temptation 7 unbecom+4 ,= ! devil tempts 9 ord] to induce u to s94 ,b if ,*ri/ _h assuag$ ,8 bodily hung] by *ang+ ! /ones into bread1 ,he w\ld n h s9n$2 j z nei!r did ,he s9 :5 ,he multipli$ ! loaves1 :i* 0 no less a miracle1 9 ord] to succor ! hungry cr[d4 ,!re=e x seems t ?is 0 n[ise a temptation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a c\nselor is inconsi/5t if he p]suades ! contr>y to :at he int5ds4 ,b :5 ! devil set ,*ri/ on a p9nacle ( ! ,temple1 he purpos$ to tempt ,him to pride or va+lory4 ,!re=e x 0 inconsi/5t to urge ,him to ca/ ,himself !nce3 = ?is w\ld be contr>y to pride or va+lory1 :i* always seeks to rise4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 "o temptation %\ld lead to "o s94 ,b 9 ! temptation on ! m\nta9 he c\nsel$ two s9s--namely1 covet\sness & idolatry4 ,!re=e ! mode ( ! temptation 0 unfitt+4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 temptations are orda9$ to s94 ,b !re are sev5 deadly s9s1 z we h /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #d74 ,b ! tempt] only deals ) ?ree1 viz4 gluttony1 va+lory1 & covet\sness4 ,!re=e ! temptation seems to h be5 incomplete4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 aft] ov]com+ all ! vices1 man is /ill tempt$ to pride or va+lory3 s9ce pride worms itself 9 /eal?ily1 & de/roys ev5 good works1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ccxi74 ,!re=e ,mat!w unfitt+ly gives ! la/ place to ! temptation to covet\sness on ! m\nta91 & ! second place to ! temptation to va+lory 9 ! ,temple1 especially s9ce ,luke puts !m 9 ! rev]se ord]4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #d3d t ,*ri/ purpos$ to ov]come ! devil by humility1 n by might4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld n h repuls$ him ) a haughty rebuke1 say+3 ,begone1 ,satan4 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 ! gospel n>rative seems to be false4 ,= x seems impossible t ,*ri/ c\ld h be5 set on a p9nacle ( ! ,temple )\t be+ se5 by o!rs4 ,nor is !re to be f\nd a m\nta9 s high t all ! _w c be se5 f x1 s t all ! k+doms ( ! e>? c\ld be %[n to ,*ri/ f its summit4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,*ri/'s temptation is unfitt+ly describ$4 ,on ! contr>y is ! au?ority ( ,scripture4 ,i answ] t1 ,! temptation :i* comes f ! enemy takes ! =m ( a sugge/ion1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 xvi 9 ,evang474 ,n[ a sugge/ion _c be made to ev]ybody 9 ! same way2 x mu/ arise f ^? ?+s t[>ds :i* ea* "o has an incl9ation4 ,consequ5tly ! devil does n /raight away tempt ! spiritual man to grave s9s1 b he beg9s ) light] s9s1 s z gradually to lead him to ^? ( great] magnitude4 ,:]e=e ,gregory 7,moral4 xxxi71 exp\nd+ ,job #ci3be1 ,he smelle? ! battle af> (f1 ! enc\rag+ ( ! capta9s & ! %\t+ ( ! army1 says3 ,! capta9s are fitt+ly describ$ z enc\rag+1 & ! army z %\t+4 ,because vices beg9 by ins9uat+ !mselves into ! m9d "u "s speci\s pretext3 !n !y come on ! m9d 9 su* numb]s z to drag x into all sorts ( folly1 deaf5+ x ) _! be/ial clamor4 ,?us1 too1 did ! devil set ab\t ! temptation ( ! fir/ man4 ,= at fir/ he entic$ 8 m9d to cons5t to ! eat+ ( ! =bidd5 fruit1 say+ 7,g54 #c3a73 ,:y ha? ,god comm&$ y t y %\ld n eat ( e tree ( p>adise8 ,secondly he tempt$ him to va+lory by say+3 ,y\r eyes %all be op5$4 ,?irdly1 he l$ ! temptation to ! extreme height ( pride1 say+3 ,y %all be z gods1 kn[+ good & evil4 ,?is same ord] did he obs]ve 9 tempt+ ,*ri/4 ,= at fir/ he tempt$ ,him to t :i* m5 desire1 h[ev] spiritual !y may be--namely1 ! support ( ! corporeal nature by food4 ,secondly1 he advanc$ to t matt] 9 :i* spiritual m5 are sometimes f\nd want+1 inasmu* z !y d c]ta9 ?+s = %[1 :i* p]ta9s to va+lory4 ,?irdly1 he l$ ! temptation on to t 9 :i* no spiritual m51 b only c>nal m51 h a "p--namely1 to desire worldly ri*es & fame1 to ! ext5t ( hold+ ,god 9 contempt4 ,& s 9 ! fir/ two temptations he said3 ,if ,?\ be ! ,son ( ,god2 b n 9 ! ?ird1 :i* is inapplicable to spiritual m51 :o are sons ( ,god by adoption1 :]eas x does apply to ! two prec$+ temptations4 ,& ,*ri/ resi/$ ^! temptations by quot+ ! au?ority ( ! ,law1 n by en=c+ ,8 p[]1 s z to give m honor to ,8 human nature & a great] puni%m5t to ,8 adv]s>y1 s9ce ! foe ( ! human race 0 vanqui%$1 n z by ,god1 b z by man2 z ,pope ,leo says 7,s]m4 #a1 ,de ,quadrag4 #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,to make use ( :at is ne$ful = self-support is n ! s9 ( gluttony2 b if a man d any?+ inord9ate out ( ! desire = su* support1 x c p]ta9 to ! s9 ( gluttony4 ,n[ x is inord9ate = a man :o has human assi/ance at 8 comm& to seek to obta9 food miracul\sly = m]e bodily support4 ,h5ce ! ,"l miracul\sly provid$ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel ) manna 9 ! des]t1 :]e !re 0 no means ( obta9+ food o!rwise4 ,& 9 l fa%ion ,*ri/ miracul\sly provid$ ! cr[ds ) food 9 ! des]t1 :5 !re 0 no o!r means ( gett+ food4 ,b 9 ord] to assuage ,8 hung]1 ,he c\ld h done o!rwise ?an "w a miracle1 z did ,john ! ,bapti/1 accord+ to ,mat!w 7#c3d72 or ,he c\ld h ha/5$ to ! neighbor+ c\ntry4 ,consequ5tly ! devil e/eem$ t if ,*ri/ 0 a m]e man1 ,he w\ld fall into s9 by attempt+ to assuage ,8 hung] by a miracle4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x (t5 happ5s t a man seeks to d]ive glory f ext]nal humiliation1 :]eby he is exalt$ by reason ( spiritual good4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,s]m4 ,dom4 9 ,monte ii1 #ab73 ,x mu/ be not$ t x is possible to boa/ n only ( ! beauty & spl5dor ( mat]ial ?+s1 b ev5 ( fil?y squalor4 ,& ?is is signifi$ by ! devil urg+ ,*ri/ to seek spiritual glory by ca/+ ,8 body d[n4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is a s9 to desire worldly ri*es & honors 9 an inord9ate fa%ion4 ,& ! pr9cipal sign ( ?is is :5 a man does some?+ wrong 9 ord] to acquire su* ?+s4 ,& s ! devil 0 n satisfi$ ) in/igat+ to a desire = ri*es & honors1 b he w5t s f> z to tempt ,*ri/1 = ! sake ( ga9+ possession ( ^! ?+s1 to fall d[n & adore him1 :i* is a v great crime1 & aga9/ ,god4 ,nor does he say m]ely1 if ,?\ wilt adore me1 b he adds1 if1 fall+ d[n2 because1 z ,ambrose says on ,luke #d3e3 ,ambition h>bors yet ano!r dang] )9 itself3 =1 :ile seek+ to rule1 x w s]ve2 x w b[ 9 submission t x may be cr[n$ ) honor2 & ! high] x aims1 ! l[] x abases itself4 ,9 l mann] ! devil 9 ! prec$+ temptations tri$ to lead ,*ri/ f ! desire ( "o s9 to ! commission ( ano!r2 ?us f ! desire ( food he tri$ to lead ,him to ! vanity ( ! ne$less work+ ( a miracle2 & f ! desire ( glory to tempt ,god by ca/+ ,himself headlong4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z ,ambrose says on ,luke #d3ac1 ,scripture w\ld n h said t 'all ! temptation be+ end$1 ! devil dep>t$ f ,him1' unless ! matt] ( all s9s 7 includ$ 9 ! ?ree temptations already relat$4 ,= ! causes ( temptations are ! causes ( desires--namely1 lu/ ( ! fle%1 hope ( glory1 eag]ness = p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 ii73 ,x is n c]ta9 :i* happ5$ fir/2 :e!r ! k+doms ( ! e>? 7 fir/ %[n to ,him1 & aft]w>ds ,he 0 set on ! p9nacle ( ! ,temple2 or ! latt] fir/1 & ! =m] aft]w>ds4 ,h[ev]1 x matt]s n1 provid$ x be made cle> t all ^! ?+s did take place4 ,x may be t ! ,evangeli/s set ^! ?+s 9 diff]5t ord]s1 because sometimes cupidity arises f va+lory1 sometimes ! rev]se happ5s4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,:5 ,*ri/ _h suff]$ ! wrong ( be+ tempt$ by ! devil say+1 ,if ,?\ be ! ,son ( ,god ca/ ,?yself d[n1 ,he 0 n tr\bl$1 nor did ,he upbraid ! devil4 ,b :5 ! devil usurp$ to himself ! honor due to ,god1 say+1 ,all ^! ?+s w ,i give ,!e1 if1 fall+ d[n1 ,?\ wilt adore me1 ,he 0 exasp]at$1 & repuls$ him1 say+1 ,begone1 ,satan3 t we might le>n f ,8 example to be> bravely insults level$ at ourselves1 b n to all[ ourselves s mu* z to li/5 to ^? :i* are aim$ at ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 v 9 ,mat?473 ,! devil set ,him 7on a p9nacle ( ! ,temple7 t ,he might be se5 by all1 :]eas1 unaw>es to ! devil1 ,he act$ 9 su* sort t ,he 0 se5 by none4 ,9 reg>d to ! words1 ',he %[$ ,him all ! k+doms ( ! _w1 & ! glory ( !m1' we are n to und]/& t ,he saw ! v k+doms1 ) ! cities & inhabitants1 _! gold & silv]3 b t ! devil po9t$ out ! qu>t]s 9 :i* ea* k+dom or city lay1 & set =? to ,him 9 words _! glory & e/ate4 ,or1 aga91 z ,orig5 says 7,hom4 xxx 9 ,luc471 he %[$ ,him h[1 by means ( ! v>i\s vices1 he 0 ! "l ( ! _w4 ,,"q #db ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,doctr9e 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ,*ri/'s doctr9e1 ab\t :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ %\ld h prea*$ to ! ,jews only1 or to ! ,g5tiles also8 7#b7 ,:e!r 9 prea*+ ,he %\ld h avoid$ ! opposition ( ! ,jews8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he %\ld h prea*$ 9 an op5 or 9 a hidd5 mann]8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he %\ld h prea*$ by ^w only1 or also by writ+8 ,conc]n+ ! "t :5 ,he began to tea*1 we h spok5 above :5 treat+ ( ,8 baptism 7,q4 #bi1 ,a4 #c74 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #db1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,prea*$ ,n ,only to ! ,jews1 b ,also to ! ,g5tiles8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld h prea*$ n only to ! ,jews1 b also to ! ,g5tiles4 ,= x is writt5 7,isa4 #di3f73 ,x is a small ?+ t ?\ %\ld/ be ,my s]vant to raise up ! tribes ( ,israel ,vulg43 ',jacob' & to conv]t ! dregs ( ,jacob ,vulg43 ',israel'3 behold1 ,i h giv5 !e to be ! light ( ! ,g5tiles1 t ?\ maye/ be my salvation ev5 to ! f>!/ "p ( ! e>?4 ,b ,*ri/ gave light & salvation ?r\gh ,8 doctr9e4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 a small ?+ t ,he prea*$ to ,jews alone1 & n to ! ,g5tiles4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z x is writt5 7,matt4 #g3bi73 ,he 0 tea*+ !m z "o hav+ p[]4 ,n[ ! p[] ( doctr9e is made m manife/ 9 ! in/ruction ( ^? :o1 l ! ,g5tiles1 h receiv$ no tid+s :atev]2 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #ae3bj73 ,i h s prea*$ ! ,vulg43 '?is' gospel1 n :]e ,*ri/ 0 nam$1 le/ ,i %\ld build ^u ano!r man's f\ndation4 ,!re=e mu* r %\ld ,*ri/ h prea*$ to ! ,g5tiles ?an to ! ,jews4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is m useful to in/ruct _m ?an "o4 ,b ,*ri/ in/ruct$ "s individual ,g5tiles1 su* z ! ,sam>itan woman 7,john #d7 & ! ,*ananaean woman 7,matt4 #ae74 ,mu* m reason1 !re=e1 0 !re = ,*ri/ to prea* to ! ,g5tiles 9 g5]al4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,matt4 #ae3bd73 ,i 0 n s5t b to ! %eep t are lo/ ( ! h\se ( ,israel4 ,& 7,rom4 #aj3ae7 x is writt53 ,h[ %all !y prea* unless !y be s5t8 ,!re=e ,*ri/ %\ld n h prea*$ to ! ,g5tiles4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/'s prea*+1 :e!r ?r\gh ,himself or ?r\gh ,8 apo/les1 %\ld be direct$ at fir/ to ! ,jews alone4 ,fir/1 9 ord] to %[ t by ,8 com+ ! promises 7 fulfill$ :i* _h be5 made to ! ,jews ( old1 & n to ! ,g5tiles4 ,?us ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #ae3h73 ,i say t ,*ri/ 4 4 4 0 m9i/] ( ! circumcision1 i4e4 ! apo/le & prea*] ( ! ,jews1 = ! tru? ( ,god1 to confirm ! promises made unto ! fa!rs4 ,secondly1 9 ord] to %[ t ,8 com+ 0 ( ,god2 because1 z is writt5 ,rom4 #ac3a3 ,^? ?+s :i* are ( ,god are well ord]$ ,vulg43 '^? t are1 are orda9$ ( ,god'4 ,n[ ! "r ord] dem&$ t ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ %\ld be made kn[n fir/ to ! ,jews1 :o1 by believ+ 9 & wor%ip+ "o ,god1 7 ne>] to ,god1 & t x %\ld be transmitt$ ?r\gh !m to ! ,g5tiles3 j z 9 ! heav5ly hi]>*y ! ,div9e enlight5m5t comes to ! l[] angels ?r\gh ! high]4 ,h5ce on ,matt4 #ae3bd1 ,i 0 n s5t b to ! %eep t are lo/ 9 ! h\se ( ,israel1 ,j]ome says3 ,he does n mean by ?is t ,he 0 n s5t to ! ,g5tiles1 b t ,he 0 s5t to ! ,jews fir/4 ,& s we read 7,isa4 #ff3ai73 ,i w s5d ( !m t %all be sav$1 i4e4 ( ! ,jews1 to ! ,g5tiles 4 4 4 & !y %all decl>e ,my glory unto ! ,g5tiles4 ,?irdly1 9 ord] to deprive ! ,jews ( gr\nd = quibbl+4 ,h5ce on ,matt4 #aj3e1 ,g ye n into ! way ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,j]ome says3 ,x behoov$ ,*ri/'s com+ to be ann\nc$ to ! ,jews fir/1 le/ !y %\ld h a valid excuse1 & say t !y _h reject$ our ,"l because ,he _h s5t ,8 apo/les to ! ,g5tiles & ,sam>itans4 ,f\r?ly1 because x 0 ?r\gh ! triumph ( ! cross t ,*ri/ m]it$ p[] & lord%ip ov] ! ,g5tiles4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,apoc4 #b3bf1 #bh73 ,he t %all ov]come 4 4 4 ,i w give him p[] ov] ! nations 4 4 4 z ,i also h receiv$ ( ,my ,fa!r2 & t because ,he became ob$i5t unto ! dea? ( ! cross1 ,god ha? exalt$ ,him 4 4 4 t 9 ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b[ 4 4 4 & t e tongue %\ld confess ,him 7,phil4 #b3h-aa74 ,consequ5tly ,he did n wi% ,8 doctr9e to be prea*$ to ! ,g5tiles be=e ,8 ,passion3 x 0 aft] ,8 ,passion t ,he said to ,8 disciples 7,matt4 #bh3ai73 ,go+1 tea* ye all nations4 ,= ?is reason x 0 t :51 %ortly be=e ,8 ,passion1 c]ta9 ,g5tiles wi%$ to see ,jesus1 ,he said3 ,unless ! gra9 ( :eat fall+ into ! gr\nd die?1 itself rema9e? alone3 b if x die x br+e? =? mu* fruit 7,john #ab3bj-be72 & z ,augu/9e says1 comm5t+ on ?is passage3 ,he call$ ,himself ! gra9 ( :eat t mu/ be mortifi$ by ! unbelief ( ! ,jews1 multipli$ by ! fai? ( ! nations4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ 0 giv5 to be ! light & salvation ( ! ,g5tiles ?r\gh ,8 disciples1 :om ,he s5t to prea* to !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x is a sign1 n ( less]1 b ( great] p[] to d some?+ by means ( o!rs r ?an by oneself4 ,& ?us ! ,div9e p[] ( ,*ri/ 0 specially %[n 9 ?is1 t ,he be/[$ on ! tea*+ ( ,8 disciples su* a p[] t !y conv]t$ ! ,g5tiles to ,*ri/1 al?\gh ^! _h he>d no?+ ( ,him4 ,n[ ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ is to be consid]$ 9 ! miracles by :i* ,he confirm$ ,8 doctr9e1 9 ! efficacy ( ,8 p]suasion1 & 9 ! au?ority ( ,8 words1 = ,he spoke z be+ ,himself above ! ,law :5 ,he said3 ,b ,i say to y 7,matt4 #e3bb1 #bh1 #cb1 #cd1 #ci1 #dd72 &1 aga91 9 ! =ce ( ,8 righte\sness %[n 9 ,8 s9less mann] ( life4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,j z x 0 unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld at ! outset make ,8 doctr9e kn[n to ! ,g5tiles equally ) ! ,jews1 9 ord] t ,he might appe> z be+ s5t to ! ,jews1 z to ! fir/-born p2 s nei!r 0 x fitt+ = ,him to neglect ! ,g5tiles altoge!r1 le/ !y %\ld be depriv$ ( ! hope ( salvation4 ,= ?is reason c]ta9 individual ,g5tiles 7 admitt$1 on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( _! fai? & devot$ness4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #db1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,prea*$ to ! ,jews ,)\t ,(f5d+ ,!m8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld h prea*$ to ! ,jews )\t (f5d+ !m4 ,=1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,agone ,*ri/4 xi73 ,9 ! ,man ,jesus ,*ri/1 a model ( life is giv5 u by ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b we %\ld avoid (f5d+ n only ! fai?ful1 b ev5 unbeliev]s1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aj3cb3 ,be )\t (f5se to ! ,jews1 & to ! ,g5tiles1 & to ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,!re=e x seems t1 9 ,8 tea*+1 ,*ri/ %\ld also h avoid$ giv+ (f5se to ! ,jews4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no wise man %\ld d any?+ t w h9d] ! result ( 8 labor4 ,n[ ?r\gh ! di/urbance :i* ,8 tea*+ occasion$ among ! ,jews1 x 0 depriv$ ( its results2 = x is writt5 7,luke #aa3ec1 #ed7 t :5 our ,"l reprov$ ! ,ph>isees & ,scribes1 !y began vehem5tly to urge ,him1 end to oppress ,8 m\? ab\t _m ?+s2 ly+ 9 wait = ,him1 & seek+ to cat* some?+ f ,8 m\?1 t !y might accuse ,him4 ,x seems !re=e unfitt+ t ,he %\ld h giv5 !m (f5se by ,8 tea*+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,tim4 #e3a73 ,an anci5t man rebuke n2 b entreat him z a fa!r4 ,b ! prie/s & pr9ces ( ! ,jews 7 ! eld]s ( t p4 ,!re=e x seems t !y %\ld n h be5 rebuk$ ) sev]ity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x 0 =etold 7,isa4 #h3ad7 t ,*ri/ w\ld be = a /one ( /umbl+ & = a rock ( (f5se to ! two h\ses ( ,israel4 ,i answ] t1 ,! salvation ( ! multitude is to be pref]r$ to ! peace ( any individuals :atsoev]4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 c]ta9 ones1 by _! p]v]s5ess1 h9d] ! salvation ( ! multitude1 ! prea*] & ! tea*] %\ld n fe> to (f5d ^? m51 9 ord] t he may insure ! salvation ( ! multitude4 ,n[ ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees & ! pr9ces ( ! ,jews 7 by _! malice a consid]able h9drance to ! salvation ( ! p1 bo? because !y oppos$ !mselves to ,*ri/'s doctr9e1 :i* 0 ! only way to salvation1 & because _! evil ways corrupt$ ! morals ( ! p4 ,= :i* reason our ,"l1 undet]r$ by _! tak+ (f5se1 publicly taught ! tru? :i* !y hat$1 & condemn$ _! vices4 ,h5ce we read 7,matt4 #ae3ab1 #ad7 t :5 ! disciples ( our ,"l said3 ,do/ ,?\ "k t ! ,ph>isees1 :5 !y he>d ?is ^w1 7 sc&aliz$8 ,he answ]$3 ,let !m alone3 !y are bl9d & lead]s ( ! bl9d2 & if ! bl9d lead ! bl9d1 bo? fall into ! pit4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,a man ought s to avoid giv+ (f5se1 z nei!r by wrong de$ or ^w to be ! occasion ( anyone's d[nfall4 ,b if sc&al arise f tru?1 ! sc&al %\ld be borne r ?an ! tru? be set aside1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 vii 9 ,eze*474 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by publicly reprov+ ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 ,*ri/ promot$ r ?an h9d]$ ! effect ( ,8 tea*+4 ,because :5 ! p came to "k ! vices ( ^? m51 !y 7 less incl9$ to be prejudic$ aga9/ ,*ri/ by he>+ :at 0 said ( ,him by ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 :o 7 ev] )/&+ ,8 doctr9e4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is say+ ( ! ,apo/le is to be und]/ood ( ^? eld]s ^: ye>s are reckon$ n only 9 age & au?ority1 b also 9 probity2 accord+ to ,num4 #aa3af3 ,ga!r unto ,me sev5ty m5 ( ! anci5ts ( ,israel1 :om ?\ kn[e/ to be anci5ts 4 4 4 ( ! p4 ,b if by s9n+ op5ly !y turn ! au?ority ( _! ye>s into an in/rum5t ( wick$ness1 !y %\ld be rebuk$ op5ly & sev]ely1 z also ,daniel says 7,dan4 #ac3eb73 ,o ?\ t art gr[n old 9 evil days1 etc4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #db1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,taught ,all ,?+s ,op5ly8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h taught all ?+s op5ly4 ,= we read t ,he taught _m ?+s to ,8 disciples ap>t3 z is se5 cle>ly 9 ! s]mon at ! ,supp]4 ,:]e=e ,he said3 ,t :i* y he>d 9 ! e> 9 ! *amb]s %all be prea*$ on ! h\setops 99,/4 ,?omas1 probably quot+ f memory1 comb9es ,matt4 #aj3bg ) ,luke #ab3c4 ,!re=e ,he did n tea* all ?+s op5ly4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! dep?s ( wisdom %\ld n be exp\nd$ save to ! p]fect1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #b3f3 ,we speak wisdom among ! p]fect4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s doctr9e conta9$ ! mo/ pr(\nd wisdom4 ,!re=e x %\ld n h be5 made kn[n to ! imp]fect cr[d4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x comes to ! same1 to hide ! tru?1 :e!r by say+ no?+ or by mak+ use ( a language t is difficult to und]/&4 ,n[ ,*ri/1 by speak+ to ! multitudes a language !y w\ld n und]/&1 hid f !m ! tru? t ,he prea*$2 s9ce )\t p>ables ,he did n speak to !m 7,matt4 #ac3cd74 ,9 ! same way1 !re=e1 ,he c\ld h hidd5 x f !m by say+ no?+ at all4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,he says ,himself 7,john #ah3bj73 ,9 secret ,i h spok5 no?+4 ,i answ] t1 ,anyone's doctr9e may be hidd5 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 on ! "p ( ! int5tion ( ! tea*]1 :o does n wi% to make 8 doctr9e kn[n to _m1 b r to hide x4 ,& ?is may happ5 9 two ways--sometimes ?r\gh envy on ! "p ( ! tea*]1 :o desires to excel 9 8 k1 :]e=e he is unwill+ to communicate x to o!rs4 ,b ?is 0 n ! case ) ,*ri/1 9 ^: p]son ! foll[+ words are spok5 7,wis4 #g3ac73 ,:i* ,i h le>n$ )\t guile1 & communicate )\t envy1 & h] ri*es ,i hide n4 ,b sometimes ?is happ5s ?r\gh ! vil5ess ( ! ?+s taught2 ?us ,augu/9e says on ,john #af3ab3 ,!re are "s ?+s s bad t no sort ( human mode/y c be> !m4 ,:]e=e ( h]etical doctr9e x is writt5 7,prov4 #i3ag73 ,/ol5 wat]s are sweet]4 ,n[1 ,*ri/'s doctr9e is n ( error nor ( uncleanness 7#a ,!ss4 #b3c74 ,:]e=e our ,"l says 7,mk4 #d3ba73 ,do? a c&le1 i4e4 true & pure doctr9e1 come 9 to be put "u a bu%el8 ,secondly1 doctr9e is hidd5 because x is put be=e few4 ,& ?us1 aga91 did ,*ri/ tea* no?+ 9 secret3 = ,he prop\nd$ ,8 entire doctr9e ei!r to ! :ole cr[d or to ,8 disciples ga!r$ toge!r4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says on ,john #ah3bj3 ,h[ c x be said t ,he speaks 9 secret :5 ,he speaks be=e s _m m58 4 4 4 especially if :at ,he says to few ,he wi%es ?r\gh !m to be made kn[n to _m8 ,?irdly1 doctr9e is hidd51 z to ! mann] 9 :i* x is prop\nd$4 ,& ?us ,*ri/ spoke c]ta9 ?+s 9 secret to ! cr[ds1 by employ+ p>ables 9 tea*+ !m spiritual my/]ies :i* !y 7 ei!r unable or unwor?y to grasp3 & yet x 0 bett] = !m to be in/ruct$ 9 ! k ( spiritual ?+s1 albeit hidd5 "u ! g>b ( p>ables1 ?an to be depriv$ ( x altoge!r4 ,nev]!less our ,"l exp\nd$ ! op5 & unveil$ tru? ( ^! p>ables to ,8 disciples1 s t !y might h& x d[n to o!rs wor?y ( x2 accord+ to #b ,tim4 #b3b3 ,! ?+s :i* ?\ ha/ he>d ( me by _m witnesses1 ! same comm& to fai?ful m51 :o %all be fit to tea* o!rs4 ,?is is =e%ad[$1 ,num4 #d1 :]e ! sons ( ,a>on are comm&$ to wrap up ! sacr$ vessels t 7 to be c>ri$ by ! ,levites4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,hil>y says1 comm5t+ on ! passage quot$1 we d n read t our ,"l 0 wont to prea* at night1 & exp\nd ,8 doctr9e 9 ! d>k3 b ,he says ?is because ,8 spee* is d>kness to ! c>nal-m9d$1 & ,8 words are night to ! unbeliev]4 ,8 mean+1 !re=e1 is t :atev] ,he said we also %\ld say 9 ! mid/ ( unbeliev]s1 by op5ly believ+ & pr(ess+ x4 ,or1 accord+ to ,j]ome1 ,he speaks comp>atively--t is to say1 because ,he 0 in/ruct+ !m 9 ,judea1 :i* 0 a small place comp>$ ) ! :ole _w1 :]e ,*ri/'s doctr9e 0 to be publi%$ by ! prea*+ ( ! apo/les4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by ,8 doctr9e our ,"l did n make kn[n all ! dep?s ( ,8 wisdom1 nei!r to ! multitudes1 nor1 inde$1 to ,8 disciples1 to :om ,he said 7,john #af3ab73 ,i h yet _m ?+s to say to y1 b y _c be> !m n[4 ,yet :atev] ?+s out ( ,8 wisdom ,he judg$ x "r to make kn[n to o!rs1 ,he exp\nd$1 n 9 secret1 b op5ly2 al?\gh ,he 0 n und]/ood by all4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says on ,john #ah3bj3 ,we mu/ und]/& ?is1 ',i h spok5 op5ly to ! _w1' z ?\gh our ,"l _h said1 ',_m h he>d ,me' 4 4 4 &1 aga91 x 0 n 'op5ly1' because !y did n und]/&4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above1 our ,"l spoke to ! multitudes 9 p>ables1 because !y 7 nei!r able nor wor?y to receive ! nak$ tru?1 :i* ,he reveal$ to ,8 disciples4 ,& :5 x is said t )\t p>ables ,he did n speak to !m1 accord+ to ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 xlvii 9 ,mat?471 we are to und]/& ?is ( t p>ticul> s]mon1 s9ce on o!r occasions ,he said _m ?+s to ! multitude )\t p>ables4 ,or1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,qq4 ,evang41 qu4 xvii71 ?is means1 n t ,he spoke no?+ lit]ally1 b t ,he sc>cely ev] spoke )\t introduc+ a p>able1 al?\gh ,he also spoke "s ?+s 9 ! lit]al s5se4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #db1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,committ$ ,8 ,doctr9e to ,writ+8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld h committ$ ,8 doctr9e to writ+4 ,= ! purpose ( writ+ is to h& d[n doctr9e to po/]ity4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s doctr9e 0 de/9$ to endure = ev]1 accord+ to ,luke #ba3cc3 ,heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 b ,my words %all n pass away4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld h committ$ ,8 doctr9e to writ+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,old ,law 0 a =e%ad[+ ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aj3a3 ,! ,law has ,vulg43 'hav+' a %ad[ ( ! good ?+s to come4 ,n[ ! ,old ,law 0 put into writ+ by ,god1 accord+ to ,ex4 #bd3ab3 ,i w give !e two tables ( /one & ! law1 & ! comm&m5ts :i* ,i h writt54 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ also %\ld h put ,8 doctr9e into writ+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 to ,*ri/1 :o came to enlight5 !m t sit 9 d>kness 7,luke #a3gi71 x belong$ to remove occasions ( error1 & to op5 out ! road to fai?4 ,n[ ,he w\ld h done ?is by putt+ ,8 tea*+ into writ+3 = ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 i7 t "s !re are :o wond] :y our ,"l wrote no?+1 s t we h to believe :at o!rs h writt5 ab\t ,him4 ,especially d ^? pagans ask ?is "q :o d>e n blame or blaspheme ,*ri/1 & :o ascribe to ,him mo/ excell5t1 b m]ely human1 wisdom4 ,^! say t ! disciples made out ! ,ma/] to be m ?an ,he really 0 :5 !y said t ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god & ! ,^w ( ,god1 by :om all ?+s 7 made4 ,& f>!r on he adds3 ,x seems z ?\gh !y 7 prep>$ to believe :atev] ,he might h writt5 ( ,himself1 b n :at o!rs at _! discretion publi%$ ab\t ,him4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld h ,himself committ$ ,8 doctr9e to writ+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,no books writt5 by ,him 7 to be f\nd 9 ! canon ( ,scripture4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld n commit ,8 doctr9e to writ+4 ,fir/1 on acc\nt ( ,8 dignity3 = ! m excell5t ! tea*]1 ! m excell5t %\ld be 8 mann] ( tea*+4 ,consequ5tly x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/1 z ! mo/ excell5t ( tea*]s1 %\ld adopt t mann] ( tea*+ :]eby ,8 doctr9e is impr9t$ on ! he>ts ( ,8 he>]s2 :]e=e x is writt5 7,matt4 #g3bi7 t ,he 0 tea*+ !m z "o hav+ p[]4 ,& s x 0 t among ! ,g5tiles1 ,py?agoras & ,socrates1 :o 7 tea*]s ( great excell5ce1 7 unwill+ to write any?+4 ,= writ+s are orda9$1 z to an end1 unto ! impr9t+ ( doctr9e 9 ! he>ts ( ! he>]s4 ,secondly1 on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( ,*ri/'s doctr9e1 :i* _c be express$ 9 writ+2 accord+ to ,john #ba3be3 ,!re are also _m o!r ?+s :i* ,jesus did3 :i*1 if !y 7 writt5 ev]yone1 ! _w itself1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld n be able to conta9 ! books t %\ld be writt54 ,:i* ,augu/9e expla9s by say+3 ,we are n to believe t 9 respect ( space ! _w c\ld n conta9 !m 4 4 4 b t by ! capacity ( ! read]s !y c\ld n be compreh5d$4 ,& if ,*ri/ _h committ$ ,8 doctr9e to writ+1 m5 w\ld h _h no deep] ?\ght ( ,8 doctr9e ?an t :i* appe>s on ! surface ( ! writ+4 ,?irdly1 t ,8 doctr9e might rea* all 9 an ord]ly mann]3 ,himself tea*+ ,8 disciples imm$iately1 & !y subsequ5tly tea*+ o!rs1 by prea*+ & writ+3 :]eas if ,he ,himself _h writt51 ,8 doctr9e w\ld h rea*$ all imm$iately4 ,h5ce x is said ( ,wisdom 7,prov4 #i3c7 t %e ha? s5t h] maids to invite to ! t[]4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 i71 "s ( ! ,g5tiles ?\ght t ,*ri/ wrote c]ta9 books treat+ ( ! magic art :]eby ,he work$ miracles3 :i* art is condemn$ by ! ,*ri/ian le>n+4 ,& yet !y :o claim to h read ^? books ( ,*ri/ d none ( ^? ?+s :i* !y m>vel at ,8 do+ accord+ to ^? same books4 ,moreov]1 x is by a ,div9e judgm5t t !y err s f> z to ass]t t ^! books 71 z x 71 entitl$ z lett]s to ,pet] & ,paul1 = t !y f\nd !m 9 sev]al places depict$ 9 company ) ,*ri/4 ,no wond] t ! inv5tors 7 deceiv$ by ! pa9t]s3 = z long z ,*ri/ liv$ 9 ! mortal fle% ) ,8 disciples1 ,paul 0 no disciple ( ,84 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 ! same book3 ,*ri/ is ! head ( all ,8 disciples :o are memb]s ( ,8 body4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 !y put into writ+ :at ,he %[$ =? & said to !m1 by no means mu/ we say t ,he wrote no?+3 s9ce ,8 memb]s put =? t :i* !y knew "u ,8 dictation4 ,= at ,8 comm& !y1 be+ ,8 h&s1 z x 71 wrote :atev] ,he wi%$ u to read conc]n+ ,8 de$s & words4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s9ce ! old ,law 0 giv5 "u ! =m ( s5sible signs1 !re=e also 0 x fitt+ly writt5 ) s5sible signs4 ,b ,*ri/'s doctr9e1 :i* is ! law ( ! _s ( life 7,rom4 #h3b71 _h to be writt5 n ) ink1 b ) ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god2 n 9 tables ( /one1 b 9 ! fle%ly tables ( ! he>t1 z ! ,apo/le says 7#b ,cor4 #c3c74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^? :o 7 unwill+ to believe :at ! apo/les wrote ( ,*ri/ w\ld h refus$ to believe ! writ+s ( ,*ri/1 :om !y deem$ to "w miracles by ! magic art4 ,,"q #dc ,,( ,,! ,,miracles ,,work$ ,,by ,,*ri/1 ,,9 ,,g5]al 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! miracles work$ by ,*ri/3 7#a7 ,9 g5]al2 7#b7 ,specifically1 ( ea* k9d ( miracle2 7#c7 ,9 p>ticul>1 ( ,8 transfiguration4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/1 !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ %\ld h work$ miracles8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he work$ !m by ,div9e p[]8 7#c7 ,:5 did ,he beg9 to "w miracles8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,8 miracles are a suffici5t pro( ( ,8 ,godhead8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dc1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,work$ ,miracles8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h work$ miracles4 ,= ,*ri/'s de$s %\ld h be5 consi/5t ) ,8 words4 ,b ,he ,himself said 7,matt4 #af3d73 ,a wick$ & adult]\s g5]ation seeke? aft] a sign2 & a sign %all n be giv5 x1 b ! sign ( ,jonas ! prophet4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld n h work$ miracles4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 j z ,*ri/1 at ,8 second com+1 is to come ) great p[] & maje/y1 z is writt5 ,matt4 #bd3cj1 s at ,8 fir/ com+ ,he came 9 infirmity1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3c3 ,a man ( sorr[s & acqua9t$ ) infirmity4 ,b ! work+ ( miracles belongs to p[] r ?an to infirmity4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,he %\ld "w miracles 9 ,8 fir/ com+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ came t ,he might save m5 by fai?2 accord+ to ,heb4 #ab3b3 ,look+ on ,jesus1 ! au?or & f9i%] ( fai?4 ,b miracles less5 ! m]it ( fai?2 h5ce our ,"l says 7,john #d3dh73 ,unless y see signs & wond]s y believe n4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld n h work$ miracles4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x 0 said 9 ! p]son ( ,8 adv]s>ies 7,john #aa3dg73 ,:at d we2 = ?is man do? _m miracles8 ,i answ] t1 ,god enables man to "w miracles = two reasons4 ,fir/ & pr9cipally1 9 confirmation ( ! doctr9e t a man tea*es4 ,= s9ce ^? ?+s :i* are ( fai? surpass human reason1 !y _c be prov$ by human argum5ts1 b ne$ to be prov$ by ! argum5t ( ,div9e p[]3 s t :5 a man does works t ,god alone c d1 we may believe t :at he says is f ,god3 j z :5 a man is ! be>] ( lett]s seal$ ) ! k+'s r+1 x is to be believ$ t :at !y conta9 expresses ! k+'s w4 ,secondly1 9 ord] to make kn[n ,god's pres5ce 9 a man by ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 s t :5 a man does ! works ( ,god we may believe t ,god dwells 9 him by ,8 grace4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7,gal4 #c3e73 ,he :o give? to y ! ,_s1 & worke? miracles among y4 ,n[ bo? ^! ?+s 7 to be made kn[n to m5 conc]n+ ,*ri/--namely1 t ,god dwelt 9 ,him by grace1 n ( adoption1 b ( union3 & t ,8 sup]natural doctr9e 0 f ,god4 ,& !re=e x 0 mo/ fitt+ t ,he %\ld "w miracles4 ,:]e=e ,he ,himself says 7,john #aj3ch73 ,?\gh y w n believe ,me1 believe ! works2 & 7,john #e3cf73 ,! works :i* ! ,fa!r ha? giv5 ,me to p]fect 4 4 4 !mselves 4 4 4 give te/imony to ,me4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^! words1 a sign %all n be giv5 x1 b ! sign ( ,jonas1 mean1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xliii 9 ,mat?471 t !y did n receive a sign su* z !y s\ght1 viz4 f heav53 b n t ,he gave !m no sign at all4 ,or t ,he work$ signs n = ! sake ( ^? :om ,he knew to be h>d5$1 b to am5d o!rs4 ,!re=e ^? signs 7 giv51 n to !m1 b to o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ came 9 ! infirmity ( ! fle%1 :i* is manife/$ 9 ! passions1 yet ,he came 9 ! p[] ( ,god 99,cf4 #b ,cor4 #ac3d1 & ?is _h to be made manife/ by miracles4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,miracles less5 ! m]it ( fai? 9 s f> z ^? are %[n to be h>d ( he>t :o are unwill+ to believe :at is prov$ f ! ,scriptures unless 7!y are conv9c$7 by miracles4 ,yet x is bett] = !m to be conv]t$ to ! fai? ev5 by miracles ?an t !y %\ld rema9 altoge!r 9 _! unbelief4 ,= x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ad3bb7 t signs are giv5 to unbeliev]s1 viz4 t !y may be conv]t$ to ! fai?4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dc1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,work$ ,miracles by ,div9e ,p[]8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n "w miracles by ,div9e p[]4 ,= ! ,div9e p[] is omnipot5t4 ,b x seems t ,*ri/ 0 n omnipot5t 9 work+ miracles2 = x is writt5 7,mk4 #f3e7 t ,he c\ld n d any miracles !re1 i4e4 9 ,8 own c\ntry4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he did n "w miracles by ,div9e p[]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,god does n pray4 ,b ,*ri/ sometimes pray$ :5 work+ miracles2 z may be se5 9 ! rais+ ( ,laz>us 7,john #aa3da1 #db71 & 9 ! multiplication ( ! loaves1 z relat$ ,matt4 #ad3ai4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he did n "w miracles by ,div9e p[]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at is done by ,div9e p[] _c be done by ! p[] ( any creature4 ,b ! ?+s :i* ,*ri/ did c\ld be done also by ! p[] ( a creature3 :]e=e ! ,ph>isees said 7,luke #aa3ae7 t ,he ca/ out devils by ,beelzebub ! pr9ce ( devils4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ did n "w miracles by ,div9e p[]4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,john #ad3aj73 ,! ,fa!r :o abide? 9 ,me1 ,he do? ! works4 ,i answ] t1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #d71 true miracles _c be wr\ght save by ,div9e p[]3 because ,god alone c *ange ! ord] ( nature2 & ?is is :at is meant by a miracle4 ,:]e=e ,pope ,leo says 7,ep4 ad ,flav4 xxviii7 t1 :ile !re are two natures 9 ,*ri/1 !re is "o1 viz4 ! ,div9e1 :i* %9es =? 9 miracles2 & ano!r1 viz4 ! human1 :i* submits to insults2 yet ea* communicates its actions to ! o!r3 9 z f> z ! human nature is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,div9e action1 & ! human action receives p[] f ! ,div9e ,nature1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ai1 ,a4 #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 x is said t ,he c\ld n d any miracles !re1 x is n to be und]/ood t ,he c\ld n d !m absolutely1 b t x 0 n fitt+ = ,him to d !m3 = x 0 unfitt+ = ,him to "w miracles among unbeliev]s4 ,:]e=e x is said f>!r on3 ,& ,he wond]$ because ( _! unbelief4 ,9 l mann] x is said 7,g54 #ah3ag73 ,c ,i hide f ,abraham :at ,i am ab\t to d8 & ,g54 #ai3bb3 ,i _c d any?+ till ?\ g 9 ?i!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,*ryso/om says on ,matt4 #ad3ai1 ,he took ! five loaves & ! two fi%es1 &1 look+ up to heav51 ,he bless$ & brake3 ,x 0 to be believ$ ( ,him1 bo? t ,he is ( ! ,fa!r & t ,he is equal to ,him 4 4 4 ,!re=e t ,he might prove bo?1 ,he works miracles n[ ) au?ority1 n[ ) pray] 4 4 4 9 ! less] ?+s1 inde$1 ,he looks up to heav5--= in/ance1 9 multiply+ ! loaves--b 9 ! great]1 :i* belong to ,god alone1 ,he acts ) au?ority2 = example1 :5 ,he =gave s9s & rais$ ! dead4 ,:5 x is said t 9 rais+ ,laz>us ,he lift$ up ,8 eyes 7,john #aa3da71 ?is 0 n because ,he ne$$ to pray1 b because ,he wi%$ to tea* u h[ to pray4 ,:]e=e ,he said3 ,because ( ! p :o /& ab\t h ,i said x3 t !y may believe t ,?\ ha/ s5t ,me4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ ca/ out demons o!rwise ?an !y are ca/ out by ! p[] ( demons4 ,= demons are ca/ out f bodies by ! p[] ( high] demons 9 su* a way t !y reta9 _! p[] ov] ! s\l3 s9ce ! devil does n "w aga9/ 8 own k+dom4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,*ri/ ca/ out demons1 n only f ! body1 b /ill m f ! s\l4 ,= ?is reason our ,"l rebuk$ ! blasphemy ( ! ,jews1 :o said t ,he ca/ out demons by ! p[] ( ! demons3 fir/1 by say+ t ,satan is n divid$ aga9/ himself2 secondly1 by quot+ ! in/ance ( o!rs :o ca/ out demons by ! ,_s ( ,god2 ?irdly1 because ,he c\ld n h ca/ out a demon unless ,he _h ov]come ,him by ,div9e p[]2 f\r?ly1 because !re 0 no?+ 9 common betwe5 ,8 works & _! effects & ^? ( ,satan2 s9ce ,satan's purpose 0 to scatt] ^? :om ,*ri/ ga!r$ toge!r 99,cf4 ,matt4 #ab3bd-cj2 ,mk4 #c3bb2 ,luke #aa3ae-cb4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dc1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,began to ,"w ,miracles ,:5 ,he ,*ang$ ,wat] into ,w9e at ! ,m>riage ,fea/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n beg9 to "w miracles :5 ,he *ang$ wat] into w9e at ! m>riage fea/4 ,= we read 9 ! book ,de ,infantia ,salvatoris t ,*ri/ work$ _m miracles 9 ,8 *ildhood4 ,b ! miracle ( *ang+ wat] into w9e at ! m>riage fea/ took place 9 ! ?irtie? or ?irty-fir/ ye> ( ,8 age4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 n !n t ,he began to "w miracles4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ work$ miracles by ,div9e p[]4 ,n[ ,he 0 possess$ ( ,div9e p[] f ! fir/ mom5t ( ,8 conception2 = f t in/ant ,he 0 bo? ,god & man4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he work$ miracles f ! v fir/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ began to ga!r ,8 disciples aft] ,8 baptism & temptation1 z relat$ ,matt4 #d3ah & ,john #a3ce4 ,b ! disciples ga!r$ ar\nd ,him1 pr9cipally on acc\nt ( ,8 miracles3 ?us x is writt5 7,luke #e3d7 t ,he call$ ,pet] :5 he 0 a/oni%$ at ! miracle :i* ,he _h work$ 9 ! draught ( fi%es4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he work$ o!r miracles be=e t ( ! m>riage fea/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #b3aa73 ,?is beg9n+ ( miracles did ,jesus 9 ,cana ( ,galilee4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ work$ miracles 9 ord] to confirm ,8 doctr9e1 & 9 ord] to %[ =? ,8 ,div9e p[]4 ,!re=e1 z to ! fir/1 x 0 unbecom+ = ,him to "w miracles be=e ,he began to tea*4 ,& x 0 unfitt+ t ,he %\ld beg9 to tea* until ,he rea*$ ! p]fect age1 z we /at$ above1 9 speak+ ( ,8 baptism 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #c74 ,b z to ! second1 x 0 "r t ,he %\ld s manife/ ,8 ,godhead by work+ miracles t m5 %\ld believe 9 ! reality ( ,8 manhood4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xxi 9 ,joan471 x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld n beg9 to "w wond]s f ,8 e>ly ye>s3 = m5 w\ld h deem$ ! ,inc>nation to be imag9>y & w\ld h crucifi$ ,him be=e ! prop] "t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xvii 9 ,joan471 9 reg>d to ! say+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 ',t ,he may be made manife/ 9 ,israel1 !re=e am ,i come baptiz+ ) wat]1' x is cle> t ! wond]s :i* "s pret5d to h be5 work$ by ,*ri/ 9 ,8 *ildhood are untrue & fictiti\s4 ,= _h ,*ri/ work$ miracles f ,8 e>ly ye>s1 ,john w\ld by no means h be5 unacqua9t$ ) ,him1 nor w\ld ! re/ ( ! p h /ood 9 ne$ ( a tea*] to po9t ,him out to !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:at ! ,div9e p[] a*iev$ 9 ,*ri/ 0 9 proportion to ! ne$s ( ! salvation ( mank9d1 ! a*ievem5t ( :i* 0 ! purpose ( ,8 tak+ fle%4 ,consequ5tly ,he s work$ miracles by ! ,div9e p[] z n to prejudice our belief 9 ! reality ( ,8 fle%4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! disciples 7 to be comm5d$ precisely because !y foll[$ ,*ri/ )\t hav+ se5 ,him "w any miracles1 z ,gregory says 9 a homily 7,hom4 v 9 ,evang474 ,&1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xxiii 9 ,joan471 ! ne$ = work+ miracles arose !n1 especially :5 ! disciples 7 already ga!r$ ar\nd & atta*$ to ,him1 & att5tive to :at 0 go+ on ar\nd !m4 ,h5ce x is add$3 ',& ,8 disciples believ$ 9 ,him1' n because !y !n believ$ 9 ,him = ! fir/ "t1 b because !n !y believ$ ) great] disc]nm5t & p]fection4 ,or !y are call$ disciples because !y 7 to be disciples lat] on1 z ,augu/9e obs]ves 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 ii74 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dc1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,miracles ,:i* ,*ri/ ,work$ ,7 a ,suffici5t ,pro( ( ,8 ,godhead8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! miracles :i* ,*ri/ work$ 7 n a suffici5t pro( ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,= x is prop] to ,*ri/ to be bo? ,god & man4 ,b ! miracles :i* ,*ri/ work$ h be5 done by o!rs also4 ,!re=e !y 7 n a suffici5t pro( ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no p[] surpasses t ( ! ,godhead4 ,b "s h work$ great] miracles ?an ,*ri/1 = x is writt5 7,john #ad3ab73 ,he t believe? 9 ,me1 ! works t ,i d1 he also %all d1 & great] ?an ^! %all he d4 ,!re=e x seems t ! miracles :i* ,*ri/ work$ are n suffici5t pro( ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! p>ticul> is n a suffici5t pro( ( ! univ]sal4 ,b any "o ( ,*ri/'s miracles 0 "o p>ticul> "w4 ,!re=e none ( !m 0 a suffici5t pro( ( ,8 ,godhead1 by reason ( :i* ,he _h univ]sal p[] ov] all ?+s4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,john #e3cf73 ,! works :i* ! ,fa!r ha? giv5 ,me to p]fect 4 4 4 !mselves 4 4 4 give te/imony ( ,me4 ,i answ] t1 ,! miracles :i* ,*ri/ work$ 7 a suffici5t pro( ( ,8 ,godhead 9 ?ree respects4 ,fir/1 z to ! v nature ( ! works1 :i* surpass$ ! entire capability ( creat$ p[]1 & !re=e c\ld n be done save by ,div9e p[]4 ,= ?is reason ! bl9d man1 aft] 8 sight _h be5 re/or$1 said 7,john #i3cb1 #cc73 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w x has n be5 he>d1 t any man ha? op5$ ! eyes ( "o born bl9d4 ,unless ?is man 7 ( ,god1 he c\ld n d any?+4 ,secondly1 z to ! way 9 :i* ,he work$ miracles--namely1 because ,he work$ miracles z ?\gh ( ,8 own p[]1 & n by pray+1 z o!rs d4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7,luke #f3ai7 t virtue w5t out f ,him & heal$ all4 ,:]eby x is prov$1 z ,cyril says 7,comm5t4 9 ,lucam7 t ,he did n receive p[] f ano!r1 b1 be+ ,god by nature1 ,he %[$ ,8 own p[] ov] ! sick4 ,& ?is is h[ ,he work$ c\ntless miracles4 ,h5ce on ,matt4 #h3af3 ,he ca/ out spirits ) ,8 ^w1 & all t 7 sick ,he heal$1 ,*ryso/om says3 ,m>k h[ great a multitude ( p]sons heal$1 ! ,evangeli/s pass quickly ov]1 n m5tion+ "o by "o 4 4 4 b 9 "o ^w trav]s+ an unspeakable sea ( miracles4 ,& ?us x 0 %[n t ,8 p[] 0 co-equal ) t ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 accord+ to ,john #e3ai3 ,:at ?+s soev] ! ,fa!r do?1 ^! ! ,son do? also 9 l mann]2 &1 aga9 7,john #e3ba73 ,z ! ,fa!r raise? up ! dead & give? life1 s ! ,son also give? life to :om ,he w4 ,?irdly1 f ! v fact t ,he taught t ,he 0 ,god2 = unless ?is 7 true x w\ld n be confirm$ by miracles work$ by ,div9e p[]4 ,h5ce x 0 said 7,mk4 #a3bg73 ,:at is ?is new doctr9e8 ,= ) p[] ,he comm&e? ! unclean spirits1 & !y obey ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is 0 ! argum5t ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,volusian4 cxxxvii73 ,no suitable wond]s1 say !y1 %[ =? ! pres5ce ( s great maje/y1 = ! gho/ly cleans+ :]eby ,he ca/ out demons1 ! cure ( ! sick1 ! rais+ ( ! dead to life1 if o!r miracles be tak5 into acc\nt1 are small ?+s be=e ,god4 ,to ?is ,augu/9e answ]s ?us3 ,we own t ! prophets did z mu* 4 4 4 ,b ev5 ,moses himself & ! o!r prophets made ,*ri/ ! ,"l ! object ( _! prophecy1 & gave ,him great glory 4 4 4 ,he1 !re=e1 *ose to d simil> ?+s to avoid ! inconsi/5cy ( fail+ to d :at ,he _h done ?r\gh o!rs4 ,yet /ill ,he 0 b\nd to d some?+ :i* no o!r _h done3 to be born ( a virg91 to rise f ! dead1 & to asc5d into heav54 ,if anyone deem ?is a slight ?+ = ,god to d1 ,i "k n :at m he c expect4 ,hav+ become man1 ought ,he to h made ano!r _w1 t we might believe ,him to be ,him by :om ! _w 0 made8 ,b 9 ?is _w nei!r a great] _w c\ld be made nor "o equal to x3 & if ,he _h made a less] _w 9 comp>ison ) ?is1 t too w\ld h be5 deem$ a small ?+4 ,z to ! miracles work$ by o!rs1 ,*ri/ did great] /ill4 ,h5ce on ,john #ae3bd3 ,if ,i _h n done 9 ,d\ay3 'among' !m ! works t no o!r m5 ha? done1 etc41 ,augu/9e says3 ,none ( ! works ( ,*ri/ seem to be great] ?an ! rais+ ( ! dead3 :i* ?+ we "k ! anci5t prophets also did 4 4 4 ,yet ,*ri/ did "s works ':i* no o!r man ha? done4' ,b we are told 9 answ] t o!rs did works :i* ,he did n1 & :i* none o!r did 4 4 4 ,b to heal ) s great a p[] s _m defects & ailm5ts & grievances ( mortal m51 ?is we read conc]n+ none soev] ( ! m5 ( old4 ,to say no?+ ( ^?1 ea* ( :om by ,8 bidd+1 z !y came 9 ,8 way1 ,he made :ole 4 4 4 ,m>k sai? 7#f3ef73 ',:i!rsoev] ,he ent]$1 into t[ns or into villages or into cities1 !y laid ! sick 9 ! /reets1 & bes\ght ,him t !y might t\* b ! hem ( ,8 g>m5t3 & z _m z t\*$ ,him 7 made :ole4' ,^! ?+s none o!r did 9 !m2 = :5 ,he sai? ',9 !m1' x is n to be und]/ood to mean ',among !m1' or ',9 _! pres5ce1' b :olly ',9 !m1' because ,he heal$ !m 4 4 4 ,!re=e :atev] works ,he did 9 !m are works t none ev] did2 s9ce if ev] any o!r man did any "o ( !m1 by ,8 do+ he did x2 :]eas ^! works ,he did1 n by _! do+1 b by ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,augu/9e expla9s ?is passage ( ,john z foll[s 7,tract4 lxxi73 ,:at are ^! 'great] works' :i* believ]s 9 ,him w\ld d8 ,t1 z !y pass$ by1 _! v %ad[ heal$ ! sick8 ,= x is great] t a %ad[ %\ld heal ?an ! hem ( a g>m5t 4 4 4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,he said ^! words1 x 0 ! de$s & works ( ,8 words t ,he spoke (3 = :5 ,he said 4 4 4 ',! ,fa!r :o abide? 9 ,me1 ,he do? ! works1' :at works did ,he mean1 !n1 b ! words ,he 0 speak+8 4 4 4 & ! fruits ( ^? same words 0 ! fai? ( ^? 7:o believ$73 b :5 ! disciples prea*$ ! ,gospel1 n "s few l ^?1 b ! v nations believ$ 4 4 4 7,tract4 lxxii74 ,did n t ri* man g away f ,8 pres5ce sorr[ful8 4 4 4 & yet aft]w>ds1 :at "o individual1 hav+ he>d f ,him1 did n1 t _m did :5 ,he spake by ! m\? ( ,8 disciples 4 4 4 ,behold1 ,he did great] works :5 spok5 ( by m5 believ+ ?an :5 speak+ to m5 he>+4 ,b !re is yet ?is difficulty3 t ,he did ^! 'great] works' by ! apo/les3 :]eas ,he sai? z mean+ n only !m3 4 4 4 ',he t believe? 9 ,me' 4 4 4 ,li/56 4 4 4 ',he t believe? 9 ,me1 ! works t ,i d1 he also %all d'3 fir/1 ',i d1' !n 'he also %all d1' because ,i d t he may d4 ,:at works--b t f ungodly he %\ld be made righte\s8 4 4 4 ,:i* ?+ ,*ri/ worke? 9 him1 truly1 b n )\t him4 ,yes1 ,i may affirm ?is to be altoge!r great] ?an to create 99,! words 'to create' are n 9 ! text ( ,/4 ,augu/9e heav5 & e>? 4 4 4 = 'heav5 & e>? %all pass away'2 b ! salvation & ju/ification ( ! pr$e/9ate %all rema9 4 4 4 ,b also 9 ! heav5s 4 4 4 ! angels are ! works ( ,*ri/3 & does t man d great] works ?an ^!1 :o co-op]ates ) ,*ri/ 9 ! "w ( 8 ju/ification8 4 4 4 let him1 :o c1 judge :e!r x be great] to create a righte\s be+ ?an to ju/ify an ungodly "o4 ,c]ta9ly if bo? are works ( equal p[]1 ! latt] is a "w ( great] m]cy4 ,b !re is no ne$ = u to und]/& all ! works ( ,*ri/1 :]e ,he sai? ',great] ?an ^! %all he d4' ,= by '^!' ,he meant1 p]haps1 ^? :i* ,he 0 do+ at t h\r3 n[ at t "t ,he 0 speak+ words ( fai?3 4 4 4 & c]ta9ly x is less to prea* words ( righte\sness1 :i* ?+ ,he did )\t u1 ?an to ju/ify ! ungodly1 :i* ?+ ,he s do? 9 u t we also d x ourselves4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,:5 "s p>ticul> "w is prop] to "s ag5t1 !n t p>ticul> "w is a suffici5t pro( ( ! :ole p[] ( t ag5t3 ?us1 s9ce ! act ( reason+ is prop] to man1 ! m]e fact t someone reasons ab\t any p>ticul> proposition proves him to be a man4 ,9 l mann]1 s9ce x is prop] to ,god to "w miracles by ,8 own p[]1 any s+le miracle work$ by ,*ri/ by ,8 own p[] is a suffici5t pro( t ,he is ,god4 ,,"q #dd ,,( 7,,*ri/',s7 ,,miracles ,,consid]$ ,,specifically 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ea* k9d ( miracle3 7#a7 ,! miracles :i* ,he work$ 9 spiritual sub/ances2 7#b7 ,! miracles :i* ,he work$ 9 heav5ly bodies2 7#c7 ,! miracles :i* ,he work$ 9 man2 7#d7 ,! miracles :i* ,he work$ 9 irrational creatures4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dd1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,^? ,miracles ,7 ,fitt+ ,:i* ,*ri/ ,work$ 9 ,spiritual ,sub/ances8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ^? miracles 7 unfitt+ :i* ,*ri/ work$ 9 spiritual sub/ances4 ,= among spiritual sub/ances ! holy angels are above ! demons2 =1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iii73 ,! trea*]\s & s9ful rational _s ( life is rul$ by ! rational1 pi\s1 & j _s ( life4 ,b we read ( no miracles work$ by ,*ri/ 9 ! good angels4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld ,he h work$ miracles 9 ! demons4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s miracles 7 orda9$ to make kn[n ,8 ,godhead4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,godhead 0 n to be made kn[n to ! demons3 s9ce ?is w\ld h h9d]$ ! my/]y ( ,8 ,passion1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #b3h3 ,if !y _h kn[n x1 !y w\ld nev] h crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld n h work$ miracles 9 ! demons4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s miracles 7 orda9$ to ! glory ( ,god3 h5ce x is writt5 7,matt4 #i3h7 t ! multitudes see+ t ! man sick ( ! palsy _h be5 heal$ by ,*ri/1 fe>$1 & glorifi$ ,god t gave su* p[] to m54 ,b ! demons h no "p 9 glorify+ ,god2 s9ce praise is n seemly 9 ! m\? ( a s9n] 7,ecclus4 #ae3i74 ,= :i* reason also ,he suff]$ !m n to speak 7,mk4 #a3cd2 ,luke #d3da7 ^? ?+s :i* reflect$ glory on ,him4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 unfitt+ = ,him to "w miracles 9 ! demons4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s miracles are orda9$ to ! salvation ( mank9d4 ,b sometimes ! ca/+ out ( demons f m5 0 detrim5tal to man1 9 "s cases to ! body3 ?us x is relat$ 7,mk4 #i3bd1 #be7 t a demon at ,*ri/'s comm&1 cry+ out & greatly te>+ ! man1 w5t out ( him2 & he became z dead1 s t _m said3 ,he is dead2 sometimes also to ?+s3 z :5 ,he s5t ! demons1 at _! own reque/1 into ! sw9e1 :i* !y ca/ headlong into ! sea2 :]e=e ! inhabitants ( ^? p>ts bes\ght ,him t ,he w\ld dep>t f _! coa/s 7,matt4 #h3ca-cd74 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ t ,he %\ld h work$ su* l miracles4 ,on ! contr>y1 ?is 0 =etold 7,ze*4 #ac3b71 :]e x is writt53 ,i w take away 4 4 4 ! unclean _s out ( ! e>?4 ,i answ] t1 ,! miracles work$ by ,*ri/ 7 argum5ts = ! fai? :i* ,he taught4 ,n[1 by ! p[] ( ,8 ,godhead ,he 0 to rescue ^? :o w\ld believe 9 ,him1 f ! p[] ( ! demons2 accord+ to ,john #ab3ca3 ,n[ %all ! pr9ce ( ?is _w be ca/ out4 ,consequ5tly x 0 fitt+ t1 among o!r miracles1 ,he %\ld also deliv] ^? :o 7 obsess$ by demons4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,j z m5 7 to be deliv]$ by ,*ri/ f ! p[] ( ! demons1 s by ,him 7 !y to be br\ght to ! companion%ip ( ! angels1 accord+ to ,col4 #a3bj3 ,mak+ peace ?r\gh ! blood ( ,8 cross1 bo? z to ! ?+s on e>? & ! ?+s t are 9 heav54 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ to %[ =? to m5 o!r miracles z reg>ds ! angels1 except by angels appe>+ to m53 z happ5$ 9 ,8 ,nativity1 ,8 ,resurrection1 & ,8 ,asc5sion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei ix73 ,*ri/ 0 kn[n to ! demons j z mu* z ,he will$2 & ,he will$ j z f> z !re 0 ne$4 ,b ,he 0 kn[n to !m1 n z to ! holy angels1 by t :i* is et]nal life1 b by c]ta9 temporal effects ( ,8 p[]4 ,fir/1 :5 !y saw t ,*ri/ 0 hungry aft] fa/+ !y deem$ ,him n to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce1 on ,luke #d3c1 ,if ,?\ be ! ,son ( ,god1 etc41 ,ambrose says3 ,:at means ?is way ( address+ ,him8 save t1 ?\gh ,he knew t ! ,son ( ,god 0 to come1 yet he did n ?9k t ,he _h come 9 ! weakness ( ! fle%8 ,b aft]w>ds1 :5 he saw ,him "w miracles1 he _h a sort ( conjectural suspicion t ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce on ,mk4 #a3bd1 ,i "k :o ,?\ art1 ! ,holy "o ( ,god1 ,*ryso/om 99,victor ( ,antio*4 ,cf4 ,cat5a ,aurea says t he _h no c]ta9 or firm k ( ,god's com+4 ,yet he knew t ,he 0 ! ,*ri/ promis$ 9 ! ,law1 :]e=e x is said 7,luke #d3da7 t !y knew t ,he 0 ,*ri/4 ,b x 0 r f suspicion ?an f c]ta9ty t !y confess$ ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce ,b$e says on ,luke #d3da3 ,! demons confess ! ,son ( ,god1 &1 z /at$ f>!r on1 '!y knew t ,he 0 ,*ri/4' ,= :5 ! devil saw ,him weak5$ by ,8 fa/1 ,he knew ,him to be a real man3 b :5 ,he fail$ to ov]come ,him by temptation1 ,he d\bt$ le/ ,he %\ld be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,& n[ f ! p[] ( ,8 miracles ,he ei!r knew1 or r suspect$ t ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,8 reason !re=e = p]suad+ ! ,jews to crucify ,him 0 n t he deem$ ,him n to be ,*ri/ or ! ,son ( ,god1 b because he did n =esee t he w\ld be ! los] by ,8 dea?4 ,= ! ,apo/le says ( ?is my/]y 7#a ,cor4 #b3g1 #h71 :i* is hidd5 f ! beg9n+1 t 'none ( ! pr9ces ( ?is _w knew x1' = if !y _h kn[n x !y w\ld nev] h crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! miracles :i* ,*ri/ work$ 9 expell+ demons 7 = ! b5efit1 n ( ! demons1 b ( m51 t !y might glorify ,him4 ,:]e=e ,he =bade !m to speak 9 ,8 praise4 ,fir/1 to give u an example4 ,=1 z ,a?anasius says1 ,he re/ra9$ 8 spee*1 al?\gh he 0 confess+ ! tru?2 to tea* u n to c>e ab\t su* ?+s1 al?\gh x may seem t :at is said is true4 ,= x is wrong to seek to le>n f ! devil :5 we h ! ,div9e ,scripture3 ,besides1 x is dang]\s1 s9ce ! demons frequ5tly mix falsehood ) tru?4 ,or1 z ,*ryso/om 99,cyril ( ,alex&ria1 ,comm5t4 9 ,luc4 says3 ,x 0 n meet = !m to usurp ! pr]ogative ( ! apo/olic (fice4 ,nor 0 x fitt+ t ! my/]y ( ,*ri/ %\ld be proclaim$ by a corrupt tongue because praise is n seemly 9 ! m\? ( a s9n] 99,cf4 ,!ophylact1 ,en>r4 9 ,luc44 ,?irdly1 because1 z ,b$e says1 ,he did n wi% ! envy ( ! ,jews to be ar\s$ !reby 99,b$e1 ,expos4 9 ,luc4 iv1 #da4 ,h5ce ev5 ! apo/les are comm&$ to be sil5t ab\t ,him1 le/1 if ,8 ,div9e maje/y 7 proclaim$1 ! gift ( ,8 ,passion %\ld be def]r$4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/ came specially to tea* & to "w miracles = ! good ( man1 & pr9cipally z to ! salvation ( 8 s\l4 ,consequ5tly1 ,he all[$ ! demons1 t ,he ca/ out1 to d man "s h>m1 ei!r 9 8 body or 9 8 goods1 = ! salvation ( man's s\l--namely1 = man's in/ruction4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om says on ,matt4 #h3cb t ,*ri/ let ! demons dep>t into ! sw9e1 n z yield+ to ! demons1 b fir/1 to %[ 4 4 4 h[ h>mful are ! demons :o attack m52 secondly1 t all might le>n t ! demons w\ld n d>e to hurt ev5 ! sw9e1 except ,he all[ !m2 ?irdly1 t !y w\ld h treat$ ^? m5 m griev\sly ?an !y treat$ ! sw9e1 unless !y _h be5 protect$ by ,god's provid5ce4 ,& = ! same motives ,he all[$ ! man1 :o 0 be+ deliv]$ f ! demons1 to suff] griev\sly = ! mom5t2 yet did ,he release him at once f t di/ress4 ,by ?is1 moreov]1 we are taught1 z ,b$e says on ,mk4 #i3be1 t (t51 :5 aft] fall+ into s9 we /rive to return to ,god1 we exp]i5ce fur!r & m griev\s attacks f ! old enemy4 ,?is he does1 ei!r t he may inspire u ) a di/a/e = virtue1 or t he may av5ge ! %ame ( hav+ be5 ca/ out4 ,= ! man :o 0 heal$ became z dead1 says ,j]ome1 because to ^? :o are heal$ x is said1 ',y are dead2 & y\r life is hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god' 7,col4 #c3c7 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dd1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,"w ,miracles 9 ! ,heav5ly ,bodies8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld "w miracles 9 ! heav5ly bodies4 ,=1 z ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 iv71 x beseems ,div9e provid5ce n to de/roy1 b to pres]ve1 nature4 ,n[1 ! heav5ly bodies are by nature incorruptible & un*angeable1 z is prov$ ,de ,coelo i4 ,!re=e x 0 unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld cause any *ange 9 ! ord] ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! c\rse ( "t is m>k$ out by ! movem5t ( ! heav5ly bodies1 accord+ to ,g54 #a3ad3 ,let !re be lights made 9 ! firmam5t ( heav5 4 4 4 & let !m be = signs1 & = seasons1 & = days & ye>s4 ,consequ5tly if ! movem5t ( ! heav5ly bodies be *ang$1 ! di/9ction & ord] ( ! seasons is *ang$4 ,b !re is no report ( ?is hav+ be5 p]ceiv$ by a/ronom]s1 :o gaze at ! />s & obs]ve ! mon?s1 z x is writt5 7,isa4 #dg3ac74 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ did n "w any *ange 9 ! movem5ts ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x 0 m fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld "w miracles 9 life & :5 tea*+1 ?an 9 dea?3 bo? because1 z x is writt5 7#b ,cor4 #ac3d71 ,he 0 crucifi$ ?r\gh weakness1 yet ,he live? by ! p[] ( ,god1 by :i* ,he work$ miracles2 & because ,8 miracles 7 9 confirmation ( ,8 doctr9e4 ,b !re is no record ( ,*ri/ hav+ work$ any miracles 9 ! heav5ly bodies dur+ ,8 lifetime3 nay1 m2 :5 ! ,ph>isees ask$ ,him to give a sign f heav51 ,he refus$1 z ,mat!w relates 7#ab1 #af74 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r 9 ,8 dea? %\ld ,he h work$ any miracles 9 ! heav5ly bodies4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #bc3dd1 #de73 ,!re 0 d>kness ov] all ! e>? until ! n9? h\r2 & ! sun 0 d>k5$4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #dc1 ,a4 #d7 x behoov$ ,*ri/'s miracles to be a suffici5t pro( ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,n[ ?is is n s suffici5tly prov$ by *anges wr\ght 9 ! l[] bodies1 :i* *anges c be br\ght ab\t by o!r causes1 z x is by *anges wr\ght 9 ! c\rse ( ! heav5ly bodies1 :i* h be5 e/abli%$ by ,god alone 9 an un*angeable ord]4 ,?is is :at ,dionysius says 9 8 epi/le to ,polyc>p3 ,we mu/ recognize t no alt]ation c take place 9 ! ord] end movem5t ( ! heav5s t is n caus$ by ,him :o made all & *anges all by ,8 ^w4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld "w miracles ev5 9 ! heav5ly bodies4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,j z x is natural to ! l[] bodies to be mov$ by ! heav5ly bodies1 :i* are high] 9 ! ord] ( nature1 s is x natural to any creature :atsoev] to be *ang$ by ,god1 accord+ to ,8 w4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xxvi2 quot$ by ! gloss on ,rom4 #aa3bd3 ,contr>y to nature ?\ w]t graft$1 etc473 ,god1 ! ,creator & ,au?or ( all natures1 does no?+ contr>y to nature3 = :atsoev] ,he does 9 ea* ?+1 t is its nature4 ,consequ5tly ! nature ( a heav5ly body is n de/roy$ :5 ,god *anges its c\rse3 b x w\ld be if ! *ange 7 due to any o!r cause4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ord] ( ! seasons 0 n di/urb$ by ! miracle work$ by ,*ri/4 ,=1 accord+ to "s1 ?is gloom or d>k5+ ( ! sun1 :i* occurr$ at ! "t ( ,*ri/'s passion1 0 caus$ by ! sun )draw+ its rays1 )\t any *ange 9 ! movem5t ( ! heav5ly bodies1 :i* measures ! duration ( ! seasons4 ,h5ce ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #bg3de3 ,x seems z ?\gh ! 'great] light' )drew its rays1 le/ x %\ld look on its ,"l hang+ on ! ,cross1 or be/[ its radiancy on ! impi\s blasphem]s4 ,& ?is )drawal ( ! rays is n to be und]/ood z ?\gh x 7 9 ! sun's p[] to s5d =? or )draw its rays3 = x %$s its light1 n f *oice1 b by nature1 z ,dionysius says 7,div4 ,nom4 iv74 ,b ! sun is said to )draw its rays 9 s f> z ! ,div9e p[] caus$ ! sun's rays n to rea* ! e>?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,orig5 says ?is 0 caus$ by cl\ds com+ betwe5 7! e>? & ! sun74 ,h5ce on ,matt4 #bg3de he says3 ,we mu/ !re=e suppose t _m l>ge & v d5se cl\ds 7 mass$ toge!r ov] ,j]usalem & ! l& ( ,judea2 s t x 0 exce$+ly d>k f ! six? to ! n9? h\r4 ,h5ce ,i am ( op9ion t1 j z ! o!r signs :i* occurr$ at ! "t ( ! ,passion--namely1 ! r5d+ ( ! veil1 ! quak+ ( ! e>?1 etc4--took place 9 ,j]usalem only1 s ?is also3 4 4 4 or if anyone pref]1 x may be ext5d$ to ! :ole ( ,judea1 s9ce x is said t '!re 0 d>kness ov] ! :ole e>?1' :i* expression ref]s to ! l& ( ,judea1 z may be ga!r$ f #c ,k+s #ah3aj1 :]e ,abdias says to ,elias3 ',z ! ,"l ?y ,god live?1 !re is no nation or k+dom :i!r my "l ha? n s5t to seek !e'3 :i* %[s t !y s\ght him among ! nations 9 ! neighborhood ( ,judea4 ,on ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 cr$5ce is to be giv5 r to ,dionysius1 :o is an eyewitness z to ?is hav+ occurr$ by ! moon eclips+ ! sun4 ,= he says 7,ep4 ad ,polyc>p73 ,)\t any d\bt we saw ! moon encroa* on ! sun1 he be+ 9 ,egypt at ! "t1 z he says 9 ! same lett]4 ,& 9 ?is he po9ts out f\r miracles4 ,! fir/ is t ! natural eclipse ( ! sun by int]position ( ! moon nev] takes place except :5 ! sun & moon are 9 conjunction4 ,b !n ! sun & moon 7 9 opposition1 x be+ ! fifte5? day1 s9ce x 0 ! ,jewi% ,passov]4 ,:]e=e he says3 ,= x 0 n ! "t ( conjunction4--,! second miracle is t :]eas at ! six? h\r ! moon 0 se51 toge!r ) ! sun1 9 ! middle ( ! heav5s1 9 ! ev5+ x 0 se5 to be 9 its place1 i4e4 9 ! ea/1 opposite ! sun4 ,:]e=e he says3 ,aga9 we saw x1 i4e4 ! moon1 return sup]naturally into opposition ) ! sun1 s z to be diametrically opposite1 hav+ )drawn f ! sun at ! n9? h\r1 :5 ! d>kness ceas$1 until ev5+4 ,f ?is x is cle> t ! wont$ c\rse ( ! seasons 0 n di/urb$1 because ! ,div9e p[] caus$ ! moon bo? to approa* ! sun sup]naturally at an unwont$ season1 & to )draw f ! sun & return to its prop] place accord+ to ! season4 ,! ?ird miracle 0 t ! eclipse ( ! sun naturally always beg9s 9 t "p ( ! sun :i* is to ! we/ & spreads t[>ds ! ea/3 & ?is is because ! moon's prop] movem5t f we/ to ea/ is m rapid ?an t ( ! sun1 & consequ5tly ! moon1 com+ up f ! we/1 ov]takes ! sun & passes x on its ea/w>d c\rse4 ,b 9 ?is case ! moon _h already pass$ ! sun1 & 0 di/ant f x by ! l5g? ( half ! heav5ly circle1 be+ opposite to x3 consequ5tly x _h to return ea/w>ds t[>ds ! sun1 s z to come into app>5t contact ) x f ! ea/1 & cont9ue 9 a we/]ly direction4 ,?is is :at he ref]s to :5 he says3 ,moreov]1 we saw ! eclipse beg9 to ! ea/ & spread t[>ds ! we/]n edge ( ! sun1 = x 0 a total eclipse1 & aft]w>ds pass away4 ,! f\r? miracle consi/$ 9 ?is1 t 9 a natural eclipse t "p ( ! sun :i* is fir/ eclips$ is ! fir/ to reappe> 7because ! moon1 com+ 9 front ( ! sun1 by its natural movem5t passes on to ! ea/1 s z to come away fir/ f ! we/]n portion ( ! sun1 :i* 0 ! fir/ "p to be eclips$71 :]eas 9 ?is case ! moon1 :ile return+ miracul\sly f ! ea/ to ! we/1 did n pass ! sun s z to be to ! we/ ( x3 b hav+ rea*$ ! we/]n edge ( ! sun return$ t[>ds ! ea/3 s t ! la/ portion ( ! sun to be eclips$ 0 ! fir/ to reappe>4 ,consequ5tly ! eclipse began t[>ds ! ea/1 :]eas ! sun began to reappe> t[>ds ! we/4 ,& to ?is he ref]s by say+3 ,aga9 we obs]v$ t ! occultation & em]sion did n beg9 f ! same po9t1 i4e4 on ! same side ( ! sun1 b on opposite sides4 ,*ryso/om adds a fif? miracle 7,hom4 lxxxviii 9 ,mat?471 say+ t ! d>kness 9 ?is case la/$ = ?ree h\rs1 :]eas an eclipse ( ! sun la/s b a %ort "t1 = x is soon ov]1 z ^? "k :o h se5 "o4 ,h5ce we are giv5 to und]/& t ! moon 0 /ation>y bel[ ! sun1 except we pref] to say t ! duration ( ! d>kness 0 measur$ f ! fir/ mom5t ( occultation ( ! sun to ! mom5t :5 ! sun _h completely em]g$ f ! eclipse4 ,b1 z ,orig5 says 7on ,matt4 #bg3de71 aga9/ ?is ! *ildr5 ( ?is _w object3 ,h[ is x su* a ph5om5al occurr5ce is n relat$ by any writ]1 :e!r ,greek or b>b>ian8 ,& he says t someone ( ! "n ( ,phlegon relates 9 8 *ronicles t ?is took place dur+ ! reign ( ,tib]ius ,caes>1 b he does n say t x occurr$ at ! full moon4 ,x may be1 !re=e1 t because x 0 n ! "t = an eclipse1 ! v>i\s a/ronom]s liv+ !n ?r\gh\t ! _w 7 n on ! look-out = "o1 & t !y ascrib$ ?is d>kness to "s di/urbance ( ! atmosph]e4 ,b 9 ,egypt1 :]e cl\ds are few on acc\nt ( ! tranquillity ( ! air1 ,dionysius & 8 companions 7 consid]ably a/oni%$ s z to make ! a=esaid obs]vations ab\t ?is d>kness4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!n1 above all1 0 !re ne$ = miracul\s pro( ( ,*ri/'s ,godhead1 :5 ! weakness ( human nature 0 mo/ app>5t 9 ,him4 ,h5ce x 0 t at ,8 bir? a new /> appe>$ 9 ! heav5s4 ,:]e=e ,maximus says 7,s]m4 de ,nativ4 viii73 ,if ?\ disda9 ! mang]1 raise ?9e eyes a little & gaze on ! new /> 9 ! heav5s1 proclaim+ to ! _w ! bir? ( our ,"l4 ,b 9 ,8 ,passion yet great] weakness appe>$ 9 ,8 manhood4 ,!re=e !re 0 ne$ = yet great] miracles 9 ! great] lights ( ! _w4 ,&1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 lxxxviii 9 ,mat?473 ,?is is ! sign :i* ,he promis$ to !m :o s\ght = "o say+3 ',an evil & adult]\s g5]ation seeke? a sign2 & a sign %all n be giv5 x1 b ! sign ( ,jonas ! prophet1' ref]r+ to ,8 ,cross 4 4 4 & ,resurrection 4 4 4 ,= x 0 mu* m wond]ful t ?is %\ld happ5 :5 ,he 0 crucifi$ ?an :5 ,he 0 walk+ on e>?4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dd1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,work$ ,miracles ,fitt+ly on ,m58 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ work$ miracles unfitt+ly on m54 ,= 9 man ! s\l is ( m import ?an ! body4 ,n[ ,*ri/ work$ _m miracles on bodies1 b we d n read ( ,8 work+ any miracles on s\ls3 = nei!r did ,he conv]t any unbeliev]s to ! fai? mightily1 b by p]suad+ & conv9c+ !m ) outw>d miracles1 nor is x relat$ ( ,him t ,he made wise m5 out ( fools4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he work$ miracles on m5 9 an unfitt+ mann]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #dc1 ,a4 #b71 ,*ri/ work$ miracles by ,div9e p[]3 to :i* x is prop] to "w sudd5ly1 p]fectly1 & )\t any assi/ance4 ,n[ ,*ri/ did n always heal m5 sudd5ly z to _! bodies3 = x is writt5 7,mk4 #h3bb-be7 t1 tak+ ! bl9d man by ! h&1 ,he l$ him out ( ! t[n2 &1 spitt+ ^u 8 eyes1 lay+ ,8 h&s on him1 ,he ask$ him if he saw any?+4 ,&1 look+ up1 he said3 ,i see m5 z x 7 trees walk+4 ,aft] t aga9 ,he laid ,8 h&s ^u 8 eyes1 & he began to see1 & 0 re/or$1 s t he saw all ?+s cle>ly4 ,x is cle> f ?is t ,he did n heal him sudd5ly1 b at fir/ imp]fectly1 & by means ( ,8 spittle4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he work$ miracles on m5 unfitt+ly4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !re is no ne$ to remove at ! same "t ?+s :i* d n foll[ f "o ano!r4 ,n[ bodily ailm5ts are n always ! result ( s91 z appe>s f our ,"l's words 7,john #i3c73 ,nei!r ha? ?is man s9n$1 nor 8 p>5ts1 t he %\ld be born bl9d4 ,x 0 unseemly1 !re=e1 = ,him to =give ! s9s ( ^? :o s\ght ! heal+ ( ! body1 z ,he is relat$ to h done 9 ! case ( ! man sick ( ! palsy 7,matt4 #i3b73 ! m t ! heal+ ( ! body1 be+ ( less acc\nt ?an ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 does n seem a suffici5t argum5t = ! p[] ( =giv+ s9s4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s miracles 7 work$ 9 ord] to confirm ,8 doctr9e1 & witness to ,8 ,godhead1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #dc1 ,a4 #d74 ,n[ no man %\ld h9d] ! purpose ( 8 own "w4 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ t ,*ri/ comm&$ ^? :o _h be5 heal$ miracul\sly to tell no "o1 z appe>s f ,matt4 #i3cj & ,mk4 #h3bf3 ! m s1 s9ce ,he comm&$ o!rs to proclaim ! miracles work$ on !m2 ?us x is relat$ 7,mk4 #e3ai7 t1 aft] deliv]+ a man f ! demons1 ,he said to him3 ,g into ?y h\se to ?y fri5ds1 & tell !m1 h[ great ?+s ! ,"l ha? done = !e4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,mk4 #g3cg73 ,he ha? done all ?+s well3 ,he ha? made bo? ! deaf to he> & ! dumb to speak4 ,i answ] t1 ,! means %\ld be proportionate to ! end4 ,n[ ,*ri/ came into ! _w & taught 9 ord] to save man1 accord+ to ,john #c3ag3 ,= ,god s5t n ,8 ,son into ! _w to judge ! _w1 b t ! _w may be sav$ by ,him4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/1 by miracul\sly heal+ m5 9 p>ticul>1 %\ld prove ,himself to be ! univ]sal & spiritual ,savi\r ( all4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! means are di/9ct f ! end4 ,n[ ! end = :i* ,*ri/'s miracles 7 work$ 0 ! heal? ( ! rational "p1 :i* is heal$ by ! light ( wisdom1 & ! gift ( righte\sness3 ! =m] ( :i* presupposes ! latt]1 s9ce1 z x is writt5 7,wis4 #a3d73 ,wisdom w n ent] into a malici\s s\l1 nor dwell 9 a body subject to s9s4 ,n[ x 0 unfitt+ t man %\ld be made righte\s unless he will$3 = ?is w\ld be bo? aga9/ ! nature ( righte\sness1 :i* implies rectitude ( ! w1 & contr>y to ! v nature ( man1 :i* requires to be l$ to good by ! free-w1 n by =ce4 ,*ri/1 !re=e1 ju/ifi$ man inw>dly by ! ,div9e p[]1 b n aga9/ man's w4 ,nor did ?is p]ta9 to ,8 miracles1 b to ! end ( ,8 miracles4 ,9 l mann] by ! ,div9e p[] ,he infus$ wisdom into ! simple m9ds ( ,8 disciples3 h5ce ,he said to !m 7,luke #ba3ae73 ,i w give y a m\? & wisdom :i* all y\r adv]s>ies w n be able to resi/ & ga9say4 ,& ?is1 9 s f> z ! enlight5m5t 0 inw>d1 is n to be reckon$ z a miracle1 b only z reg>ds ! outw>d action--namely1 9 s f> z m5 saw t ^? :o _h be5 unlett]$ & simple spoke ) su* wisdom & con/ancy4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7,acts #d3ac7 t ! ,jews1 see+ ! con/ancy ( ,pet] & ( ,john1 und]/&+ t !y 7 illit]ate & ignorant m5 4 4 4 wond]$4--,& ?\gh su* l spiritual effects are diff]5t f visible miracles1 yet d !y te/ify to ,*ri/'s doctr9e & p[]1 accord+ to ,heb4 #b3d3 ,god also be>+ !m witness by signs & wond]s & div]s miracles1 & di/ributions ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,nev]!less ,*ri/ did "w "s miracles on ! s\l ( man1 pr9cipally by *ang+ its l[] p[]s4 ,h5ce ,j]ome1 comm5t+ on ,matt4 #i3i1 ,he rose up & foll[$ ,him1 says3 ,su* 0 ! spl5dor & maje/y ( ,8 hidd5 ,godhead1 :i* %one =? ev5 9 ,8 human c\nt5ance1 t ^? :o gaz$ on x 7 drawn to ,him at fir/ sight4 ,& on ,matt4 #ba3ab1 7,jesus7 ca/ out all !m t sold & b\ght1 ! same ,j]ome says3 ,( all ! signs work$ by our ,"l1 ?is seems to me ! mo/ wondr\s--t "o man1 at t "t despis$1 c\ld1 ) ! bl[s ( "o sc\rge1 ca/ out su* a multitude4 ,= a fi]y & heav5ly light fla%$ f ,8 eyes1 & ! maje/y ( ,8 ,godhead %one 9 ,8 c\nt5ance4 ,& ,orig5 says on ,john #b3ae t ?is 0 a great] miracle ?an :5 ,he *ang$ wat] into w9e1 = !re ,he %[s ,8 p[] ov] inanimate matt]1 :]eas "h ,he tames ! m9ds ( ?\s&s ( m54 ,aga91 on ,john #ah3f1 ,!y w5t backw>d & fell to ! gr\nd1 ,augu/9e says3 ,?\gh t cr[d 0 fi]ce 9 hate & t]rible ) arms1 yet did t "o ^w 4 4 4 )\t any weapon1 smite !m ?r\gh1 drive !m back1 lay !m pro/rate3 = ,god lay hidd5 9 t fle%4 ,moreov]1 to ?is mu/ be ref]r$ :at ,luke says 7#d3cj7 --namely1 t ,jesus1 pass+ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( !m1 w5t ,8 way1 on :i* ,*ryso/om obs]ves 7,hom4 xlviii 9 ,joan473 ,t ,he /ood 9 ! mid/ ( ^? :o 7 ly+ 9 wait = ,him1 & 0 n seiz$ by !m1 %[s ! p[] ( ,8 ,godhead2 &1 aga91 t :i* is writt5 ,john #h3ei1 ,jesus hid ,himself & w5t out ( ! ,temple1 on :i* ,!ophylact says3 ,he did n hide ,himself 9 a corn] ( ! ,temple1 z if afraid1 or take %elt] beh9d a wall or pill>2 b by ,8 heav5ly p[] mak+ ,himself invisible to ^? :o 7 ?reat5+ ,him1 ,he pass$ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( !m4 ,f all ^! in/ances x is cle> t ,*ri/1 :5 ,he will$1 *ang$ ! m9ds ( m5 by ,8 ,div9e p[]1 n only by ! be/[al ( righte\sness & ! infusion ( wisdom1 :i* p]ta9s to ! end ( miracles1 b also by outw>dly draw+ m5 to ,himself1 or by t]rify+ or /upefy+ !m1 :i* p]ta9s to ! miracul\s itself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ came to save ! _w1 n only by ,div9e p[]1 b also ?r\gh ! my/]y ( ,8 ,inc>nation4 ,consequ5tly 9 heal+ ! sick ,he frequ5tly n only made use ( ,8 ,div9e p[]1 heal+ by way ( comm&1 b also by apply+ some?+ p]ta9+ to ,8 human nature4 ,h5ce on ,luke #d3dj1 ,he1 lay+ ,8 h&s on e "o ( !m1 heal$ !m1 ,cyril says3 ,al?\gh1 z ,god1 ,he might1 by "o ^w1 h driv5 out all diseases1 yet ,he t\*$ !m1 %[+ t ,8 own fle% 0 end[$ ) a heal+ virtue4 ,& on ,mk4 #h3bc1 ,spitt+ ^u 8 eyes1 lay+ ,8 h&s on him1 etc41 ,*ryso/om 99,victor ( ,antio* says3 ,he spat & laid ,8 h&s ^u ! bl9d man1 wi%+ to %[ t ,8 ,div9e ^w1 accompani$ by ,8 op]ation1 works wond]s3 = ! h& signifies op]ation2 ! spittle signifies ! ^w :i* proce$s f ! m\?4 ,aga91 on ,john #i3f1 ,he made clay ( ! spittle1 & spread ! clay ^u ! eyes ( ! bl9d man1 ,augu/9e says3 ,( ,8 spittle ,he made clay--because '! ,^w 0 made fle%4' ,or1 aga91 z ,*ryso/om says1 to signify t x 0 ,he :o made man ( ! slime ( ! e>?4 ,x is fur!rmore to be obs]v$ conc]n+ ,*ri/'s miracles t g5]ally :at ,he did 0 mo/ p]fect4 ,h5ce on ,john #b3aj1 ,e man at fir/ sette? =? good w9e1 ,*ryso/om says3 ,*ri/'s miracles are su* z to f> surpass ! works ( nature 9 spl5dor & usefulness4 ,likewise 9 an in/ant ,he conf]r$ p]fect heal? on ! sick4 ,h5ce on ,matt4 #h3ae1 ,%e arose & m9i/]$ to !m1 ,j]ome says3 ,heal? re/or$ by our ,"l returns :olly & in/antly4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 special reason = ! contr>y happ5+ 9 ! case ( ! man born bl9d1 & ?is 0 8 want ( fai?1 z ,*ryso/om 99,victor ( ,antio* says4 ,or z ,b$e obs]ves on ,mk4 #h3bc3 ,:om ,he might h heal$ :olly & in/antly by a s+le ^w1 ,he heals little by little1 to %[ ! ext5t ( human bl9dness1 :i* h>dly1 & t only by degrees1 c come back to ! light3 & to po9t out t ea* /ep =w>d 9 ! way ( p]fection is due to ! help ( ,8 grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #dc1 ,a4 #b71 ,*ri/ work$ miracles by ,div9e p[]4 ,n[ ! works ( ,god are p]fect 7,deut4 #cb3d74 ,b no?+ is p]fect except x atta9 its end4 ,n[ ! end ( ! outw>d heal+ work$ by ,*ri/ is ! heal+ ( ! s\l4 ,consequ5tly x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld heal a man's body )\t heal+ 8 s\l4 ,:]e=e on ,john #g3bc1 ,i h heal$ ! :ole man on a ,sabba? day1 ,augu/9e says3 ,because he 0 cur$1 s z to be :ole 9 body2 he believ$1 s z to be :ole 9 s\l4 ,to ! man sick ( ! palsy x is said specially1 ,?y s9s are =giv5 !e1 because1 z ,j]ome obs]ves on ,matt4 #i3e1 #f3 ,we are h]eby giv5 to und]/& t ailm5ts ( ! body are frequ5tly due to s93 = :i* reason1 p]haps1 fir/ are 8 s9s =giv51 t ! cause ( ! ailm5t be+ remov$1 heal? may return4 ,:]e=e1 also 7,john #d3ad71 x is said3 ,s9 no m1 le/ "s worse ?+ happ5 to !e4 ,:5ce1 says ,*ryso/om1 we le>n t 8 sickness 0 ! result ( s94 ,nev]!less1 z ,*ryso/om says on ,matt4 #i3e3 ,by h[ mu* a s\l is ( m acc\nt ?an a body1 by s mu* is ! =giv+ ( s9s a great] "w ?an heal+ ! body2 b because ! "o is unse5 ,he does ! less] & m manife/ ?+ 9 ord] to prove ! great] & m unse54 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,on ,matt4 #i3cj1 ,see t no man "k ?is1 ,*ryso/om says3 ,if 9 ano!r place we f9d ,him say+1 ',g & decl>e ! glory ( ,god' 7cf4 ,mk4 #e3ai2 ,luke #h3ci71 t is n contr>y to ?is4 ,= ,he in/ructs u to =bid !m t w\ld praise u on our own acc\nt3 b if ! glory be ref]r$ to ,god1 !n we mu/ n =bid1 b comm&1 t x be done4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dd1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,work$ ,miracles ,fitt+ly on ,irrational ,creatures8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ work$ miracles unfitt+ly on irrational creatures4 ,= brute animals are m noble ?an plants4 ,b ,*ri/ work$ a miracle on plants z :5 ! fig-tree )]$ away at ,8 comm& 7,matt4 #ba3ai74 ,!re=e ,*ri/ %\ld h work$ miracles also on brute animals4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 puni%m5t is n ju/ly inflict$ save = fault4 ,b x 0 n ! fault ( ! fig-tree t ,*ri/ f\nd no fruit on x1 :5 fruit 0 n 9 season 7,mk4 #aa3ac74 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ t ,he )]$ x up4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 air & wat] are betwe5 heav5 & e>?4 ,b ,*ri/ work$ "s miracles 9 ! heav5s1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 & likewise 9 ! e>?1 :5 x quak$ at ! "t ( ,8 ,passion 7,matt4 #bg3ea74 ,!re=e x seems t ,he %\ld also h work$ miracles 9 ! air & wat]1 su* z to divide ! sea1 z did ,moses 7,ex4 #ad3ba72 or a riv]1 z did ,josue 7,jo%4 #c3af7 & ,elias 7#d ,k+s #b3h72 & to cause ?und] to be he>d 9 ! air1 z occurr$ on ,m\nt ,s9ai :5 ! ,law 0 giv5 7,ex4 #ai3af71 & l to :at ,elias did 7#c ,k+s #ah3de74 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 miracul\s works p]ta9 to ! "w ( ,div9e provid5ce 9 gov]n+ ! _w4 ,b ?is "w presupposes creation4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 unfitt+ t 9 ,8 miracles ,*ri/ made use ( creation3 :51 to wit1 ,he multipli$ ! loaves4 ,!re=e ,8 miracles 9 reg>d to irrational creatures seem to h be5 unfitt+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/ is ! wisdom ( ,god 7#a ,cor4 #a3bd71 ( :om x is said 7,wis4 #h3a7 t %e ord]e? all ?+s sweetly4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above1 ,*ri/'s miracles 7 orda9$ to ! end t ,he %\ld be recogniz$ z hav+ ,div9e p[]1 unto ! salvation ( mank9d4 ,n[ x belongs to ! ,div9e p[] t e creature be subject !reto4 ,consequ5tly x behoov$ ,him to "w miracles on e k9d ( creature1 n only on man1 b also on irrational creatures4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,brute animals are ak9 g5]ically to man1 :]e=e !y 7 creat$ on ! same day z man4 ,& s9ce ,he _h work$ _m miracles on ! bodies ( m51 !re 0 no ne$ = ,him to "w miracles on ! bodies ( brute animals4 ,& s mu* ! less t1 z to _! s5sible & corporeal nature1 ! same reason applies to bo? m5 & animals1 especially t]re/rial4 ,b fi%1 f liv+ 9 wat]1 are m ali5 f human nature2 :]e=e !y 7 made on ano!r day4 ,on !m ,*ri/ work$ a miracle 9 ! pl5tiful draught ( fi%es1 relat$ ,luke #e & ,john #ba2 &1 aga91 9 ! fi% caught by ,pet]1 :o f\nd a /at] 9 x 7,matt4 #ag3bf74 ,z to ! sw9e :o 7 ca/ headlong into ! sea1 ?is 0 n ! effect ( a ,div9e miracle1 b ( ! action ( ! demons1 ,god p]mitt+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,*ryso/om says on ,matt4 #ba3ai3 ,:5 our ,"l does any su* l ?+ on plants or brute animals1 ask n h[ x 0 j to )] up ! fig-tree1 s9ce x 0 n ! fruit season2 to ask su* a "q is fooli% 9 ! extreme1 because su* ?+s _c commit a fault or be puni%$3 b look at ! miracle1 & wond] at ! work]4 ,nor does ! ,creator inflict any hurt on ! own]1 if ,he *oose to make use ( ,8 own creature = ! salvation ( o!rs2 r1 z ,hil>y says on ,matt4 #ba3ai1 we %\ld see 9 ?is a pro( ( ,god's goodness1 = :5 ,he wi%$ to af=d an example ( salvation z be+ procur$ by ,him1 ,he ex]cis$ ,8 mighty p[] on ! human body3 b :5 ,he wi%$ to picture to !m ,8 sev]ity t[>ds ^? :o wilfully disobey ,him1 ,he =e%ad[s _! doom by ,8 s5t5ce on ! tree4 ,?is is ! m notewor?y 9 a fig-tree :i*1 z ,*ryso/om obs]ves 7on ,matt4 #ba3ai71 be+ full ( moi/ure1 makes ! miracle all ! m rem>kable4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ also work$ miracles befitt+ to ,himself 9 ! air & wat]3 :51 to wit1 z relat$ ,matt4 #h3bf1 ,he comm&$ ! w9ds1 & ! sea1 & !re came a great calm4 ,b x 0 n befitt+ t ,he :o came to re/ore all ?+s to a /ate ( peace & calm %\ld cause ei!r a di/urbance 9 ! atmosph]e or a division ( wat]s4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #ab3ah73 ,y are n come to a fire t may be t\*$ & approa*$ ,vulg43 'a m\nta9 t might be t\*$1 & a burn+ fire'1 & a :irlw9d1 & d>kness1 & /orm4 ,at ! "t ( ,8 ,passion1 h[ev]1 ! veil 0 r5t1 to signify ! unfold+ ( ! my/]ies ( ! ,law2 ! graves 7 op5$1 to signify t ,8 dea? gave life to ! dead2 ! e>? quak$ & ! rocks 7 r5t1 to signify t man's /ony he>t w\ld be s(t5$1 & ! :ole _w *ang$ = ! bett] by ! virtue ( ,8 ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! multiplication ( ! loaves 0 n effect$ by way ( creation1 b by an addition ( extrane\s matt] trans=m$ into loaves2 h5ce ,augu/9e says on ,john #f3a-ad3 ,:5ce ,he multiplie? a few gra9s into h>ve/s1 !nce 9 ,8 h&s ,he multipli$ ! five loaves3 & x is cle>ly by a process ( trans=mation t gra9s are multipli$ into h>ve/s4 ,,"q #de ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,transfiguration 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we n[ consid] ,*ri/'s transfiguration2 & "h !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be transfigur$8 7#b7 ,:e!r ! cl>ity ( ! transfiguration 0 ! cl>ity ( glory8 7#c7 ,( ! witnesses ( ! transfiguration2 7#d7 ,( ! te/imony ( ! ,fa!r's voice4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #de1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,be ,transfigur$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld be transfigur$4 ,= x is n fitt+ = a true body to be *ang$ into v>i\s %apes 7figuras71 b only = an imag9>y body4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s body 0 n imag9>y1 b real1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #e1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e x seems t x %\ld n h be5 transfigur$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 figure is 9 ! f\r? species ( quality1 :]eas cl>ity is 9 ! ?ird1 s9ce x is a s5sible quality4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s assum+ cl>ity %\ld n be call$ a transfiguration4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a glorifi$ body has f\r gifts1 z we %all /ate f>!r on 7,suppl41 ,q4 #hb71 viz4 impassibility1 agility1 subtlety1 & cl>ity4 ,!re=e ,8 transfiguration %\ld n h consi/$ 9 an assumption ( cl>ity r ?an ( ! o!r gifts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #ag3b7 t ,jesus 0 transfigur$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ?ree ( ,8 disciples4 ,i answ] t1 ,our ,"l1 aft] =etell+ ,8 ,passion to ,8 disciples1 _h exhort$ !m to foll[ ! pa? ( ,8 suff]+s 7,matt4 #af3ba1 #bd74 ,n[ 9 ord] t anyone g /raight along a road1 he mu/ h "s k ( ! end3 ?us an ar*] w n %oot ! arr[ /raight unless he fir/ see ! t>get4 ,h5ce ,?omas said 7,john #ad3e73 ,"l1 we "k n :i!r ,?\ goe/2 & h[ c we "k ! way8 ,above all is ?is necess>y :5 h>d & r\gh is ! road1 heavy ! go+1 b delightful ! end4 ,n[ by ,8 ,passion ,*ri/ a*iev$ glory1 n only ( ,8 s\l1 n only ( ,8 s\l1 :i* ,he _h f ! fir/ mom5t ( ,8 conception1 b also ( ,8 body2 accord+ to ,luke 7#bd3bf73 ,*ri/ ought ,vulg43 'ought n ,*ri/' to h suff]$ ^! ?+s1 & s to ent] into ,8 glory 7874 ,to :i* glory ,he br+s ^? :o foll[ ! foot/eps ( ,8 ,passion1 accord+ to ,acts #ad3ba3 ,?r\gh _m tribulations we mu/ ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld %[ ,8 disciples ! glory ( ,8 cl>ity 7:i* is to be transfigur$71 to :i* ,he w configure ^? :o are ,82 accord+ to ,phil4 #c3ba3 7,:o7 w re=m ! body ( our l[ness configur$ ,d\ay3 'made l' to ! body ( ,8 glory4 ,h5ce ,b$e says on ,mk4 #h3ci3 ,by ,8 lov+ =esight ,he all[$ !m to ta/e = a %ort "t ! contemplation ( et]nal joy1 s t !y might be> p]secution bravely4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #ag3b3 ,let no "o suppose t ,*ri/1 ?r\gh be+ said to be transfigur$1 laid aside ,8 natural %ape & c\nt5ance1 or sub/itut$ an imag9>y or a]ial body = ,8 real body4 ,! ,evangeli/ describes ! mann] ( ,8 transfiguration :5 he says3 ',8 face did %9e z ! sun1 & ,8 g>m5ts became :ite z sn[4' ,brightness ( face & :it5ess ( g>m5ts argue n a *ange ( sub/ance1 b a putt+ on ( glory4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,figure is se5 9 ! outl9e ( a body1 = x is t :i* is enclos$ by "o or m b\nd>ies 99,euclid1 bk i1 def4 xiv4 ,!re=e :atev] has to d ) ! outl9e ( a body seems to p]ta9 to ! figure4 ,n[ ! cl>ity1 j z ! color1 ( a non-transp>5t body is se5 on its surface1 & consequ5tly ! assumption ( cl>ity is call$ transfiguration4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,( ^? f\r gifts1 cl>ity alone is a quality ( ! v p]son 9 himself2 :]eas ! o!r ?ree are n p]ceptible1 save 9 "s action or movem5t1 or 9 "s passion4 ,*ri/1 !n1 did %[ 9 ,himself c]ta9 indications ( ^? ?ree gifts--( agility1 = in/ance1 :5 ,he walk$ on ! waves ( ! sea2 ( subtlety1 :5 ,he came =? f ! clos$ womb ( ! ,virg92 ( impassibility1 :5 ,he escap$ unhurt f ! h&s ( ! ,jews :o wi%$ to hurl ,him d[n or to /one ,him4 ,& yet ,he is n said1 on acc\nt ( ?is1 to be transfigur$1 b only on acc\nt ( cl>ity1 :i* p]ta9s to ! aspect ( ,8 ,p]son4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #de1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,?is ,cl>ity ,0 ! ,cl>ity ( ,glory8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is cl>ity 0 n ! cl>ity ( glory4 ,= a gloss ( ,b$e on ,matt4 #ag3b1 ,he 0 transfigur$ be=e !m1 says3 ,9 ,8 mortal body ,he %[s =?1 n ! /ate ( immortality1 b cl>ity l to t ( future immortality4 ,b ! cl>ity ( glory is ! cl>ity ( immortality4 ,!re=e ! cl>ity :i* ,*ri/ %[$ to ,8 disciples 0 n ! cl>ity ( glory4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 on ,luke #i3bg 7,t7 %all n ta/e dea? unless ,vulg43 'till' !y see ! k+dom ( ,god1 ,b$e's gloss says3 ,t is1 ! glorification ( ! body 9 an imag9>y vision ( future beatitude4 ,b ! image ( a ?+ is n ! ?+ itself4 ,!re=e ?is 0 n ! cl>ity ( beatitude4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! cl>ity ( glory is only 9 a human body4 ,b ?is cl>ity ( ! transfiguration 0 se5 n only 9 ,*ri/'s body1 b also 9 ,8 g>m5ts1 & 9 ! bright cl\d :i* ov]%ad$ ! disciples4 ,!re=e x seems t ?is 0 n ! cl>ity ( glory4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,j]ome says on ! words ,he 0 transfigur$ be=e !m 7,matt4 #ag3b73 ,he appe>$ to ! ,apo/les su* z ,he w appe> on ! day ( judgm5t4 ,& on ,matt4 #af3bh1 ,till !y see ! ,son ( ,man com+ 9 ,8 k+dom1 ,*ryso/om says3 ,wi%+ to %[ ) :at k9d ( glory ,he is aft]w>ds to come1 s f> z x 0 possible = !m to le>n x1 ,he %[$ x to !m 9 _! pres5t life1 t !y might n grieve ev5 ov] ! dea? ( _! ,"l4 ,i answ] t1 ,! cl>ity :i* ,*ri/ assum$ 9 ,8 transfiguration 0 ! cl>ity ( glory z to its ess5ce1 b n z to its mode ( be+4 ,= ! cl>ity ( ! glorifi$ body is d]iv$ f t ( ! s\l1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,diosc4 cxviii74 ,& 9 l mann] ! cl>ity ( ,*ri/'s body 9 ,8 transfiguration 0 d]iv$ f ,8 ,godhead1 z ,damasc5e says 7,orat4 de ,transfig47 & f ! glory ( ,8 s\l4 ,t ! glory ( ,8 s\l did n ov]fl[ into ,8 body f ! fir/ mom5t ( ,*ri/'s conception 0 due to a c]ta9 ,div9e disp5sation1 t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b71 ,he might fulfil ! my/]ies ( our r$emption 9 a passible body4 ,?is did n1 h[ev]1 deprive ,*ri/ ( ,8 p[] ( outp\r+ ! glory ( ,8 s\l into ,8 body4 ,& ?is ,he did1 z to cl>ity1 9 ,8 transfiguration1 b o!rwise ?an 9 a glorifi$ body4 ,= ! cl>ity ( ! s\l ov]fl[s into a glorifi$ body1 by way ( a p]man5t quality affect+ ! body4 ,h5ce bodily refulg5ce is n miracul\s 9 a glorifi$ body4 ,b 9 ,*ri/'s transfiguration cl>ity ov]fl[$ f ,8 ,godhead & f ,8 s\l into ,8 body1 n z an imman5t quality affect+ ,8 v body1 b r aft] ! mann] ( a transi5t passion1 z :5 ! air is lit up by ! sun4 ,consequ5tly ! refulg5ce1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,*ri/'s body !n1 0 miracul\s3 j z 0 ! fact ( ,8 walk+ on ! waves ( ! sea4 ,h5ce ,dionysius says 7,ep4 ad ,cai4 iv73 ,*ri/ excell$ man 9 do+ t :i* is prop] to man3 ?is is %[n 9 ,8 sup]natural conception ( a virg9 & 9 ! un/able wat]s be>+ ! weight ( mat]ial & e>?ly feet4 ,:]e=e we mu/ n say1 z ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor 99,innoc5t ,,iii1 ,de ,my/4 ,miss4 iv said1 t ,*ri/ assum$ ! gift ( cl>ity 9 ! transfiguration1 ( agility 9 walk+ on ! sea1 & ( subtlety 9 com+ =? f ! ,virg9's clos$ womb3 because ! gifts are imman5t qualities ( a glorifi$ body4 ,on ! contr>y1 :atev] p]ta9$ to ! gifts1 t ,he _h miracul\sly4 ,! same is to be said1 z to ! s\l1 ( ! vision 9 :i* ,paul saw ,god 9 a rapture1 z we h /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #age1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! words quot$ prove1 n t ! cl>ity ( ,*ri/ 0 n t ( glory1 b t x 0 n ! cl>ity ( a glorifi$ body1 s9ce ,*ri/'s body 0 n z yet immortal4 ,& j z x 0 by disp5sation t 9 ,*ri/ ! glory ( ! s\l %\ld n ov]fl[ into ! body s 0 x possible t by disp5sation x might ov]fl[ z to ! gift ( cl>ity & n z to t ( impassibility4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is cl>ity is said to h be5 imag9>y1 n z ?\gh x 7 n really ! cl>ity ( glory1 b because x 0 a k9d ( image repres5t+ t p]fection ( glory1 9 virtue ( :i* ! body w be glori\s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,j z ! cl>ity :i* 0 9 ,*ri/'s body 0 a repres5tation ( ,8 body's future cl>ity1 s ! cl>ity :i* 0 9 ,8 g>m5ts signifi$ ! future cl>ity ( ! sa9ts1 :i* w be surpass$ by t ( ,*ri/1 j z ! brightness ( ! sn[ is surpass$ by t ( ! sun4 ,h5ce ,gregory says 7,moral4 xxxii7 t ,*ri/'s g>m5ts became respl5d5t1 because 9 ! height ( heav5ly cl>ity all ! sa9ts w cl+ to ,him 9 ! refulg5ce ( righte\sness4 ,= ,8 g>m5ts signify ! righte\s1 because ,he w unite !m to ,himself1 accord+ to ,isa4 #di3ah3 ,?\ %alt be clo!d ) all ^! z ) an ornam5t4 ,! bright cl\d signifies ! glory ( ! ,holy ,gho/ or ! p[] ( ! ,fa!r1 z ,orig5 says 7,tract4 iii 9 ,mat?471 by :i* 9 ! glory to come ! sa9ts w be cov]$4 ,or1 aga91 x may be said fitt+ly t x signifies ! cl>ity ( ! _w r$eem$1 :i* cl>ity w cov] ! sa9ts z a t5t4 ,h5ce :5 ,pet] propos$ to make t5ts1 a bright cl\d ov]%ad$ ! disciples4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #de1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,witnesses ( ! ,transfiguration ,7 ,fitt+ly ,*os58 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! witnesses ( ! transfiguration 7 unfitt+ly *os54 ,= ev]yone is a bett] witness ( ?+s t he kn[s4 ,b at ! "t ( ,*ri/'s transfiguration no "o b ! angels _h z yet any k f exp]i5ce ( ! glory to come4 ,!re=e ! witnesses ( ! transfiguration %\ld h be5 angels r ?an m54 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 tru?1 n fiction1 is becom+ 9 a witness ( ! tru?4 ,n[1 ,moses & ,elias 7 !re1 n really1 b only 9 appe>ance2 = a gloss on ,luke #i3cj1 ,!y 7 ,moses & ,elias1 says3 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ,moses & ,elias 7 !re nei!r 9 body nor 9 s\l2 b t ^? bodies 7 =m$ ( "s available matt]4 ,x is also cr$ible t ?is 0 ! result ( ! angelic m9i/ries1 ?r\gh ! angels imp]sonat+ !m4 ,!re=e x seems t !y 7 unsuitable witnesses4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is said 7,acts #aj3dc7 t all ! prophets give te/imony to ,*ri/4 ,!re=e n only ,moses & ,elias1 b also all ! prophets1 %\ld h be5 pres5t z witnesses4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s glory is promis$ z a rew>d to all ! fai?ful 7#b ,cor4 #c3ah2 ,phil4 #c3ba71 9 :om ,he wi%$ by ,8 transfiguration to enk9dle a desire ( t glory4 ,!re=e ,he %\ld h tak5 n only ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john1 b all ,8 disciples1 to be witnesses ( ,8 transfiguration4 ,on ! contr>y is ! au?ority ( ! ,gospel4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be transfigur$ 9 ord] to %[ m5 ,8 glory1 & to ar\se m5 to a desire ( x1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,n[ m5 are br\ght to ! glory ( et]nal beatitude by ,*ri/--n only ^? :o liv$ aft] ,him1 b also ^? :o prec$$ ,him2 !re=e1 :5 ,he 0 approa*+ ,8 ,passion1 bo? ! multitude t foll[$ & t :i* w5t be=e1 cri$ say+3 ',hosanna1' z relat$ ,matt4 #ba3i1 besee*+ ,him1 z x 71 to save !m4 ,consequ5tly x 0 fitt+ t witnesses %\ld be pres5t f among ^? :o prec$$ ,him--namely1 ,moses & ,elias--& f ^? :o foll[$ aft] ,him--namely1 ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john--t 9 ! m\? ( two or ?ree witnesses ?is ^w might /&4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,by ,8 transfiguration ,*ri/ manife/$ to ,8 disciples ! glory ( ,8 body1 :i* belongs to m5 only4 ,x 0 !re=e fitt+ t ,he %\ld *oose m5 & n angels z witnesses4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is gloss is said to be tak5 f a book entitl$ ,on ! ,m>vels ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,x is n an au!ntic "w1 b is wrongly ascrib$ to ,/4 ,augu/9e2 consequ5tly we ne$ n /& by x4 ,= ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #ag3c3 ,obs]ve t :5 ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees ask$ = a sign f heav51 ,he refus$ to give "o2 :]eas "h 9 ord] to increase ! apo/les' fai?1 ,he gives a sign f heav51 ,elias com+ d[n !nce1 :i!r he _h asc5d$1 & ,moses aris+ f ! ne!r _w4 ,?is is n to be und]/ood z ?\gh ! s\l ( ,moses 0 reunit$ to 8 body1 b t 8 s\l appe>$ ?r\gh "s assum$ body1 j z ! angels d4 ,b ,elias appe>$ 9 8 own body1 n t he 0 br\ght d[n f ! empyrean heav51 b f "s place on high :i!r he 0 tak5 up 9 ! fi]y *>iot4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ryso/om says on ,matt4 #ag3c3 ,moses & ,elias are br\ght =w>d = _m reasons4 ,&1 fir/ ( all1 because ! multitude said ,he 0 ,elias or ,j]emias or "o ( ! prophets1 ,he br+s ! lead]s ( ! prophets ) ,him2 t h]eby at lea/ !y might see ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! s]vants & _! ,"l4 ,ano!r reason 0 4 4 4 t ,moses gave ! ,law 4 4 4 :ile ,elias 4 4 4 0 jeal\s = ! glory ( ,god4 ,!re=e by appe>+ toge!r ) ,*ri/1 !y %[ h[ falsely ! ,jews accus$ ,him ( transgress+ ! ,law1 & ( blasphem\sly appropriat+ to ,himself ! glory ( ,god4 ,a ?ird reason 0 to %[ t ,he has p[] ( dea? & life1 & t ,he is ! judge ( ! dead & ! liv+2 by br++ ) ,him ,moses :o _h di$1 & ,elias :o /ill liv$4 ,a f\r? reason 0 because1 z ,luke says 7#i3ca71 !y spoke ) ,him ( ,8 decease t ,he %\ld accompli% 9 ,j]usalem1 i4e4 ( ,8 ,passion & dea?4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! he>ts ( ,8 disciples ) a view to ?is1 ,he sets be=e !m ^? :o _h expos$ !mselves to dea? = ,god's sake3 s9ce ,moses brav$ dea? 9 oppos+ ,ph>aoh1 & ,elias 9 oppos+ ,a*ab4 ,a fif? reason 0 t ,he wi%$ ,8 disciples to imitate ! meekness ( ,moses & ! zeal ( ,elias4 ,hil>y adds a six? reason--namely1 9 ord] to signify t ,he _h be5 =etold by ! ,law1 :i* ,moses gave !m1 & by ! prophets1 ( :om ,elias 0 ! pr9cipal4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,l(ty my/]ies %\ld n be imm$iately expla9$ to ev]yone1 b %\ld be h&$ d[n ?r\gh sup]iors to o!rs 9 _! prop] turn4 ,consequ5tly1 z ,*ryso/om says 7on ,matt4 #ag3c71 ,he took ^! ?ree z be+ sup]ior to ! re/4 ,= ,pet] excell$ 9 ! love he bore to ,*ri/ & 9 ! p[] be/[$ on him2 ,john 9 ! privilege ( ,*ri/'s love = him on acc\nt ( 8 virg9ity1 &1 aga91 on acc\nt ( 8 be+ privileg$ to be an ,evangeli/2 ,james on acc\nt ( ! privilege ( m>tyrdom4 ,nev]!less ,he did n wi% !m to tell o!rs :at !y _h se5 be=e ,8 ,resurrection2 le/1 z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #ag3ai1 su* a wond]ful ?+ %\ld seem incr$ible to !m2 & le/1 aft] he>+ ( s great glory1 !y %\ld be sc&aliz$ at ! ,cross t foll[$2 or1 aga91 le/ ! ,cross %\ld be entirely h9d]$ by ! p 99,b$e1 ,hom4 xviii2 cf4 ,cat5a ,aurea2 & 9 ord] t !y might !n be witnesses ( spiritual ?+s :5 !y %\ld be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ 99,hil>y1 9 ,mat?4 xvii4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #de1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,te/imony ( ! ,fa!r's ,voice1 ,say+1 ,?is ,is ,my ,belov$ ,son1 ,0 ,fitt+ly ,add$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! te/imony ( ! ,fa!r's voice1 say+1 ,?is is ,my belov$ ,son1 0 n fitt+ly add$2 =1 z x is writt5 7,job #cc3ad71 ,god speake? once1 & repeate? n ! selfsame ?+ ! second "t4 ,b ! ,fa!r's voice _h te/ifi$ to ?is at ! "t ( 7,*ri/'s7 baptism4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ t ,he %\ld be> witness to x a second "t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 at ! baptism ! ,holy ,gho/ appe>$ "u ! =m ( a dove at ! same "t z ! ,fa!r's voice 0 he>d4 ,b ?is did n happ5 at ! transfiguration4 ,!re=e x seems t ! te/imony ( ! ,fa!r 0 made 9 an unfitt+ mann]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ began to tea* aft] ,8 baptism4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,fa!r's voice did n !n comm& m5 to he> him4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld x h s comm&$ at ! transfiguration4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ?+s %\ld n be said to ^? :o _c be> !m1 accord+ to ,john #af3ab3 ,i h yet _m ?+s to say to y1 b y _c be> !m n[4 ,b ! disciples c\ld n be> ! ,fa!r's voice2 = x is writt5 7,matt4 #ag3f7 t ! disciples he>+1 fell ^u _! face1 & 7 v mu* afraid4 ,!re=e ! ,fa!r's voice %\ld n h be5 address$ to !m4 ,on ! contr>y is ! au?ority ( ! ,gospel4 ,i answ] t1 ,! adoption ( ! sons ( ,god is ?r\gh a c]ta9 con=mity ( image to ! natural ,son ( ,god4 ,n[ ?is takes place 9 two ways3 fir/1 by ! grace ( ! wayf>]1 :i* is imp]fect con=mity2 secondly1 by glory1 :i* is p]fect con=mity1 accord+ to #a ,john #c3b3 ,we are n[ ! sons ( ,god1 & x ha? n yet appe>$ :at we %all be3 we "k t1 :5 ,he %all appe>1 we %all be l to ,him1 because we %all see ,him z ,he is4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 x is 9 baptism t we acquire grace1 :ile ! cl>ity ( ! glory to come 0 =e%ad[$ 9 ! transfiguration1 !re=e bo? 9 ,8 baptism & 9 ,8 transfiguration ! natural son%ip ( ,*ri/ 0 fitt+ly made kn[n by ! te/imony ( ! ,fa!r3 because ,he alone ) ! ,son & ,holy ,gho/ is p]fectly consci\s ( t p]fect g5]ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! words quot$ are to be und]/ood ( ,god's et]nal speak+1 by :i* ,god ! ,fa!r utt]$ ! only-begott5 & co-et]nal ,^w4 ,nev]!less1 x c be said t ,god utt]$ ! same ?+ twice 9 a bodily voice1 yet n = ! same purpose1 b 9 ord] to %[ ! div]s modes 9 :i* m5 c be p>tak]s ( ! lik5ess ( ! et]nal ,son%ip4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z 9 ! ,baptism1 :]e ! my/]y ( ! fir/ reg5]ation 0 proclaim$1 ! op]ation ( ! :ole ,tr9ity 0 made manife/1 because ! ,son ,inc>nate 0 !re1 ! ,holy ,gho/ appe>$ "u ! =m ( a dove1 & ! ,fa!r made ,himself kn[n 9 ! voice2 s also 9 ! transfiguration1 :i* is ! my/]y ( ! second reg5]ation1 ! :ole ,tr9ity appe>s--! ,fa!r 9 ! voice1 ! ,son 9 ! man1 ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! bright cl\d2 = j z 9 baptism ,he conf]s innoc5ce1 signifi$ by ! simplicity ( ! dove1 s 9 ! resurrection w ,he give ,8 elect ! cl>ity ( glory & refre%m5t f all sorts ( evil1 :i* are signifi$ by ! bright cl\d4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ came to give grace actually1 & to promise glory by ,8 words4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ at ! "t ( ,8 transfiguration1 & n at ! "t ( ,8 baptism1 t m5 %\ld be comm&$ to he> ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,x 0 fitt+ t ! disciples %\ld be afraid & fall d[n on he>+ ! voice ( ! ,fa!r1 to %[ t ! glory :i* 0 !n be+ reveal$ surpasses 9 excell5ce ! s5se & faculty ( all mortal be+s2 accord+ to ,ex4 #cc3bj3 ,man %all n see ,me & live4 ,?is is :at ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #ag3f3 ,su* is human frailty t x _c be> to gaze on su* great glory4 ,b m5 are heal$ ( ?is frailty by ,*ri/ :5 ,he br+s !m into glory4 ,& ?is is signifi$ by :at ,he says to !m3 ,arise1 & fe> n4 ,,"q #df ,,! ,,passion ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,twelve ,articles7 ,9 prop] sequ5ce we h n[ to consid] all t relates to ,*ri/'s leav+ ! _w4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,8 ,passion2 secondly1 ,8 dea?2 ?irdly1 ,8 burial2 &1 f\r?ly1 ,8 desc5t into hell4 ,) reg>d to ! ,passion1 !re arises a ?reefold consid]ation3 7#a7 ,! ,passion itself2 7#b7 ! effici5t cause ( ! ,passion2 7#c7 ! fruits ( ! ,passion4 ,"u ! fir/ head+ !re are twelve po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 necess>y = ,*ri/ to suff] = m5's deliv]ance8 7#b7 ,:e!r !re 0 any o!r possible means ( deliv]+ m58 7#c7 ,:e!r ?is 0 ! m suitable means8 7#d7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to suff] on ! cross8 7#e7 ,! ext5t ( ,8 suff]+s2 7#f7 ,:e!r ! pa9 :i* ,he endur$ 0 ! greate/8 7#g7 ,:e!r ,8 entire s\l suff]$8 7#h7 ,:e!r ,8 ,passion h9d]$ ! joy ( fruition8 7#i7 ,! "t ( ! ,passion2 7#aj7 ,! place2 7#aa7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ = ,him to be crucifi$ ) robb]s8 7#ab7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,passion is to be attribut$ to ! ,godhead8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,necess>y = ,*ri/ to ,suff] = ! ,deliv]ance ( ! ,human ,race8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n necess>y = ,*ri/ to suff] = ! deliv]ance ( ! human race4 ,= ! human race c\ld n be deliv]$ except by ,god1 accord+ to ,isa4 #de3ba3 ,am n ,i ! ,"l1 & !re is no ,god else besides ,me8 ,a j ,god & a ,savi\r1 !re is none besides ,me4 ,b no necessity c compel ,god1 = ?is w\ld be repugnant to ,8 omnipot5ce4 ,!re=e x 0 n necess>y = ,*ri/ to suff]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is necess>y is oppos$ to :at is volunt>y4 ,b ,*ri/ suff]$ ( ,8 own w2 = x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3g73 ,he 0 (f]$ because x 0 ,8 own w4 ,!re=e x 0 n necess>y = ,him to suff]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z is writt5 7,ps4 #bd3aj73 ,all ! ways ( ! ,"l are m]cy & tru?4 ,b x does n seem necess>y t ,he %\ld suff] on ! "p ( ! ,div9e m]cy1 :i*1 z x be/[s gifts freely1 s x appe>s to condone debts )\t satisfaction3 nor1 aga91 on ! "p ( ,div9e ju/ice1 accord+ to :i* man _h des]v$ ev]la/+ condemnation4 ,!re=e x does n seem necess>y t ,*ri/ %\ld h suff]$ = man's deliv]ance4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! angelic nature is m excell5t ?an ! human1 z appe>s f ,dionysius 7,div4 ,nom4 iv74 ,b ,*ri/ did n suff] to repair ! angelic nature :i* _h s9n$4 ,!re=e1 app>5tly1 nei!r 0 x necess>y = ,him to suff] = ! salvation ( ! human race4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #c3ad73 ,z ,moses lift$ up ! s]p5t 9 ! des]t1 s mu/ ! ,son ( man be lift$ up1 t :osoev] believe? 9 ,him may n p]i%1 b may h life ev]la/+4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! ,philosoph] tea*es 7,metaph4 v71 !re are sev]al acceptations ( ! ^w necess>y4 ,9 "o way x means any?+ :i* ( its nature _c be o!rwise2 & 9 ?is way x is evid5t t x 0 n necess>y ei!r on ! "p ( ,god or on ! "p ( man = ,*ri/ to suff]4 ,9 ano!r s5se a ?+ may be necess>y f "s cause q ap>t f itself2 & %\ld ?is be ei!r an effici5t or a mov+ cause !n x br+s ab\t ! necessity ( compulsion2 z1 = in/ance1 :5 a man _c get away ow+ to ! viol5ce ( someone else hold+ him4 ,b if ! ext]nal factor :i* induces necessity be an end1 !n x w be said to be necess>y f presuppos+ su* end--namely1 :5 "s p>ticul> end _c exi/ at all1 or n conv5i5tly1 except su* end be presuppos$4 ,x 0 n necess>y1 !n1 = ,*ri/ to suff] f necessity ( compulsion1 ei!r on ,god's "p1 :o rul$ t ,*ri/ %\ld suff]1 or on ,*ri/'s own "p1 :o suff]$ volunt>ily4 ,yet x 0 necess>y f necessity ( ! end propos$2 & ?is c be accept$ 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 on our "p1 :o h be5 deliv]$ by ,8 ,passion1 accord+ to ,john 7#c3ad73 ,! ,son ( man mu/ be lift$ up1 t :osoev] believe? 9 ,him may n p]i%1 b may h life ev]la/+4 ,secondly1 on ,*ri/'s "p1 :o m]it$ ! glory ( be+ exalt$1 ?r\gh ! l[l9ess ( ,8 ,passion3 & to ?is mu/ be ref]r$ ,luke #bd3bf3 ,ought n ,*ri/ to h suff]$ ^! ?+s1 & s to ent] into ,8 glory8 ,?irdly1 on ,god's "p1 ^: det]m9ation reg>d+ ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 =etold 9 ! ,scriptures & prefigur$ 9 ! obs]vances ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 _h to be fulfill$4 ,& ?is is :at ,/4 ,luke says 7#bb3bb73 ,! ,son ( man inde$ goe?1 accord+ to t :i* is det]m9$2 & 7,luke #bd3dd1 #df73 ,^! are ! words :i* ,i spoke to y :ile ,i 0 yet ) y1 t all ?+s mu/ ne$s be fulfill$ :i* are writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 & 9 ! prophets1 & 9 ! psalms conc]n+ ,me3 = x is ?us writt51 & ?us x behoov$ ,*ri/ to suff]1 & to rise aga9 f ! dead4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t is bas$ on ! necessity ( compulsion on ,god's "p4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t re/s on ! necessity ( compulsion on ! "p ( ! man ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,t man %\ld be deliv]$ by ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 9 keep+ ) bo? ,8 m]cy & ,8 ju/ice4 ,) ,8 ju/ice1 because by ,8 ,passion ,*ri/ made satisfaction = ! s9 ( ! human race2 & s man 0 set free by ,*ri/'s ju/ice3 & ) ,8 m]cy1 = s9ce man ( himself c\ld n satisfy = ! s9 ( all human nature1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #a1 ,a4 #b71 ,god gave him ,8 ,son to satisfy = him1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3bd1 #be3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ freely by ,8 grace1 ?r\gh ! r$emption t is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4 ,& ?is came ( m copi\s m]cy ?an if ,he _h =giv5 s9s )\t satisfaction4 ,h5ce x is said 7,eph4 #b3d73 ,god1 :o is ri* 9 m]cy1 = ,8 exce$+ *>ity :]e) ,he lov$ u1 ev5 :5 we 7 dead 9 s9s1 ha? quick5$ u toge!r 9 ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! s9 ( ! angels 0 irrep>able2 n s ! s9 ( ! fir/ man 7,i1 ,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #b74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,any ,o!r ,possible ,way ( ,human ,deliv]ance ,besides ! ,passion ( ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 no o!r possible way ( human deliv]ance besides ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= our ,"l says 7,john #ab3bd73 ,am51 am5 ,i say to y1 unless ! gra9 ( :eat fall+ into ! gr\nd die?1 itself rema9e? alone2 b if x die1 x br+e? =? mu* fruit4 ,^u ?is ,/4 ,augu/9e 7,tract4 li7 obs]ves t ,*ri/ call$ ,himself ! se$4 ,consequ5tly1 unless ,he suff]$ dea?1 ,he w\ld n o!rwise h produc$ ! fruit ( our r$emption4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l addresses ! ,fa!r 7,matt4 #bf3db73 ,my ,fa!r1 if ?is *alice may n pass away b ,i mu/ dr9k x1 ,?y w be done4 ,b ,he spoke !re ( ! *alice ( ! ,passion4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion c\ld n pass away2 h5ce ,hil>y says 7,comm4 #ca 9 ,mat?473 ,!re=e ! *alice _c pass except ,he dr9k ( x1 because we _c be re/or$ except ?r\gh ,8 ,passion4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,god's ju/ice requir$ t ,*ri/ %\ld satisfy by ! ,passion 9 ord] t man might be deliv]$ f s94 ,b ,*ri/ _c let ,8 ju/ice pass2 = x is writt5 7#b ,tim4 #b3ac73 ,if we believe n1 ,he cont9ue? fai?ful1 ,he _c d5y ,himself4 ,b ,he w\ld d5y ,himself 7 ,he to d5y ,8 ju/ice1 s9ce ,he is ju/ice itself4 ,x seems impossible1 !n1 = man to be deliv]$ o!rwise ?an by ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 !re c be no falsehood und]ly+ fai?4 ,b ! ,fa!rs ( old believ$ t ,*ri/ w\ld suff]4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t x _h to be t ,*ri/ %\ld suff]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii73 ,we ass]t t ! way :]eby ,god deign$ to deliv] u by ! man ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is m$iator betwe5 ,god & man1 is bo? good & befitt+ ! ,div9e dignity2 b let u also %[ t o!r possible means 7 n lack+ on ,god's "p1 to ^: p[] all ?+s are equally subord9ate4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ may be said to be possible or impossible 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all1 simply & absolutely2 or secondly1 f supposition4 ,!re=e1 speak+ simply & absolutely1 x 0 possible = ,god to deliv] mank9d o!rwise ?an by ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 because no ^w %all be impossible ) ,god 7,luke #a3cg74 ,yet x 0 impossible if "s supposition be made4 ,= s9ce x is impossible = ,god's =ekn[l$ge to be deceiv$ & ,8 w or ord9ance to be fru/rat$1 !n1 suppos+ ,god's =ekn[l$ge & ord9ance reg>d+ ,*ri/'s ,passion1 x 0 n possible at ! same "t = ,*ri/ n to suff]1 & = mank9d to be deliv]$ o!rwise ?an by ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,& ! same holds good ( all ?+s =ekn[n & preorda9$ by ,god1 z 0 laid d[n 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #ac74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,our ,"l is speak+ !re presuppos+ ,god's =ekn[l$ge & pr$et]m9ation1 accord+ to :i* x 0 resolv$ t ! fruit ( man's salvation %\ld n foll[ unless ,*ri/ suff]$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ! same way we mu/ und]/& :at is "h object$ to 9 ! second in/ance3 ,if ?is *alice may n pass away b ,i mu/ dr9k ( x--t is to say1 because ,?\ ha/ s orda9$ x--h5ce ,he adds3 ,?y w be done4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,ev5 ?is ju/ice dep5ds on ! ,div9e w1 requir+ satisfaction = s9 f ! human race4 ,b if ,he _h will$ to free man f s9 )\t any satisfaction1 ,he w\ld n h act$ aga9/ ju/ice4 ,= a judge1 :ile pres]v+ ju/ice1 _c p>don fault )\t p5alty1 if he mu/ visit fault committ$ aga9/ ano!r--= in/ance1 aga9/ ano!r man1 or aga9/ ! ,/ate1 or any ,pr9ce 9 high] au?ority4 ,b ,god has no "o high] ?an ,himself1 = ,he is ! sov]eign & common good ( ! :ole univ]se4 ,consequ5tly1 if ,he =give s91 :i* has ! =mality ( fault 9 t x is committ$ aga9/ ,himself1 ,he wrongs no "o3 j z anyone else1 ov]look+ a p]sonal trespass1 )\t satisfaction1 acts m]cifully & n unju/ly4 ,& s ,david exclaim$ :5 he s\ght m]cy3 ,to ,!e only h ,i s9n$ 7,ps4 #ej3f71 z if to say3 ,?\ can/ p>don me )\t inju/ice4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,human fai?1 & ev5 ! ,div9e ,scriptures ^u :i* fai? is bas$1 are bo? bas$ on ! ,div9e =ekn[l$ge & ord9ance4 ,& ! same reason holds good ( t necessity :i* comes ( supposition1 & ( ! necessity :i* arises ( ! ,div9e =ekn[l$ge & w4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,any ,m ,suitable ,way ( ,deliv]+ ! ,human ,race ,?an by ,*ri/'s ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 "s o!r m suitable way ( deliv]+ ! human race besides ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= nature 9 its op]ation imitates ! ,div9e "w1 s9ce x is mov$ & regulat$ by ,god4 ,b nature nev] employs two ag5ts :]e "o w suffice4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,god c\ld h lib]at$ mank9d solely by ,8 ,div9e w1 x does n seem fitt+ t ,*ri/'s ,passion %\ld h be5 add$ = ! deliv]ance ( ! human race4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 natural actions are m suitably p]=m$ ?an de$s ( viol5ce1 because viol5ce is a sev]ance or lapse f :at is accord+ to nature1 z is said 9 ,de ,coelo ii4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion br\ght ab\t ,8 dea? by viol5ce4 ,!re=e x w\ld h be5 m appropriate _h ,*ri/ di$ a natural dea? r ?an suff] = man's deliv]ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x seems mo/ fitt+ t :atsoev] keeps some?+ unju/ly & by viol5ce1 %\ld be depriv$ ( x by "s sup]ior p[]2 h5ce ,isaias says 7#eb3c73 ,y 7 sold gratis1 & y %all be r$eem$ )\t money4 ,b ! devil possess$ no "r ov] man1 :om he _h deceiv$ by guile1 & :om he held subject 9 s]vitude by a sort ( viol5ce4 ,!re=e x seems mo/ suitable t ,*ri/ %\ld h despoil$ ! devil solely by ,8 p[] & )\t ! ,passion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,/4 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii73 ,!re 0 no o!r m suitable way ( heal+ our mis]y ?an by ! ,passion ( ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,among means to an end t "o is ! m suitable :]eby ! v>i\s concurr+ means employ$ are !mselves helpful to su* end4 ,b 9 ?is t man 0 deliv]$ by ,*ri/'s ,passion1 _m o!r ?+s besides deliv]ance f s9 concurr$ = man's salvation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 man kn[s !reby h[ mu* ,god loves him1 & is !reby /irr$ to love ,him 9 return1 & h]e9 lies ! p]fection ( human salvation2 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3h73 ,god comm5de? ,8 *>ity t[>ds u2 = :5 z yet we 7 s9n]s 4 4 4 ,*ri/ di$ = u4 ,secondly1 because !reby ,he set u an example ( ob$i5ce1 humility1 con/ancy1 ju/ice1 & ! o!r virtues display$ 9 ! ,passion1 :i* are requisite = man's salvation4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7#a ,pet4 #b3ba73 ,*ri/ also suff]$ = u1 leav+ y an example t y %\ld foll[ 9 ,8 /eps4 ,?irdly1 because ,*ri/ by ,8 ,passion n only deliv]$ man f s91 b also m]it$ ju/ify+ grace = him & ! glory ( bliss1 z %all be %[n lat] 7,q4 #dh1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #di1 ,,aa4 #a1 #e74 ,f\r?ly1 because by ?is man is all ! m b\nd to refra9 f s91 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #f3bj3 ,y are b\ght ) a great price3 glorify & be> ,god 9 y\r body4 ,fif?ly1 because x r$\nd$ to man's great] dignity1 t z man 0 ov]come & deceiv$ by ! devil1 s also x %\ld be a man t %\ld ov]?r[ ! devil2 & z man des]v$ dea?1 s a man by dy+ %\ld vanqui% dea?4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3eg73 ,?anks be to ,god :o ha? giv5 u ! victory ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x 0 accord+ly m fitt+ t we %\ld be deliv]$ by ,*ri/'s ,passion ?an simply by ,god's good-w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,ev5 nature uses sev]al means to "o int5t1 9 ord] to d some?+ m fitt+ly3 z two eyes = see+2 & ! same c be obs]v$ 9 o!r matt]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,*ryso/om 99,a?anasius1 ,orat4 ,de ,inc>n4 ,v]b4 says3 ,*ri/ _h come 9 ord] to de/roy dea?1 n ,8 own1 7= s9ce ,he is life itself1 dea? c\ld n be ,871 b m5's dea?4 ,h5ce x 0 n by reason ( ,8 be+ b\nd to die t ,he laid ,8 body aside1 b because ! dea? ,he endur$ 0 inflict$ on ,him by m54 ,b ev5 if ,8 body _h sick5$ & dissolv$ 9 ! sight ( all m51 x 0 n befitt+ ,him :o heal$ ! infirmities ( o!rs to h 8 own body afflict$ ) ! same4 ,& ev5 _h ,he laid ,8 body aside )\t any sickness1 & _h !n appe>$1 m5 w\ld n h believ$ ,him :5 ,he spoke ( ,8 resurrection4 ,= h[ c\ld ,*ri/'s victory ov] dea? appe>1 unless ,he endur$ x 9 ! sight ( all m51 & s prov$ t dea? 0 vanqui%$ by ! incorruption ( ,8 body8 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! devil assail$ man unju/ly1 nev]!less1 on acc\nt ( s91 man 0 ju/ly left by ,god "u ! devil's bondage4 ,& !re=e x 0 fitt+ t ?r\gh ju/ice man %\ld be deliv]$ f ! devil's bondage by ,*ri/ mak+ satisfaction on 8 behalf 9 ! ,passion4 ,?is 0 also a fitt+ means ( ov]?r[+ ! pride ( ! devil1 :o is a des]t] f ju/ice1 & covet\s ( sway2 9 t ,*ri/ %\ld vanqui% him & deliv] man1 n m]ely by ! p[] ( ,8 ,godhead1 b likewise by ! ju/ice & l[l9ess ( ! ,passion1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii74 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,ought to ,h ,suff]$ on ! ,cross8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ ought n to h suff]$ on ! cross4 ,= ! tru? ought to con=m to ! figure4 ,b 9 all ! sacrifices ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* prefigur$ ,*ri/ ! bea/s 7 sla9 ) a sword & aft]w>ds consum$ by fire4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ ought n to h suff]$ on a cross1 b r by ! sword or by fire4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii7 t ,*ri/ ought n to assume di%onor+ afflictions4 ,b dea? on a cross 0 mo/ di%onor+ & ignom9i\s2 h5ce x is writt5 7,wis4 #b3bj73 ,let u condemn ,him to a mo/ %ameful dea?4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ ought n to h und]gone ! dea? ( ! cross4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x 0 said ( ,*ri/ 7,matt4 #ba3i73 ,bless$ is ,he t come? 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,b dea? ^u ! cross 0 a dea? ( mal$iction1 z we read ,deut4 #ba3bc3 ,he is accurs$ ( ,god t hange? on a tree4 ,!re=e x does n seem fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be crucifi$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,phil4 #b3h73 ,he became ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 mo/ fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld suff] ! dea? ( ! cross4 ,fir/ ( all1 z an example ( virtue4 ,= ,augu/9e ?us writes 7,,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #be73 ,god's ,wisdom became man to give u an example 9 righte\sness ( liv+4 ,b x is "p ( righte\s liv+ n to /& 9 fe> ( ?+s :i* ought n to be fe>$4 ,n[ !re are "s m5 :o1 al?\gh !y d n fe> dea? 9 itself1 are yet tr\bl$ ov] ! mann] ( _! dea?4 ,9 ord]1 !n1 t no k9d ( dea? %\ld tr\ble an upright man1 ! cross ( ?is ,man _h to be set be=e him1 because1 among all k9ds ( dea?1 none 0 m execrable1 m fe>-inspir+1 ?an ?is4 ,secondly1 because ?is k9d ( dea? 0 especially suitable 9 ord] to atone = ! s9 ( our fir/ p>5t1 :i* 0 ! pluck+ ( ! apple f ! =bidd5 tree aga9/ ,god's comm&4 ,& s1 to atone = t s91 x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld suff] by be+ fa/5$ to a tree1 z if re/or+ :at ,adam _h purlo9$2 accord+ to ,ps4 #fh3e3 ,!n did ,i pay t :i* ,i took n away4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,passion 99,cf4 ,s]m4 ci ,de ,tempore3 ,adam despis$ ! comm&1 pluck+ ! apple f ! tree3 b all t ,adam lo/1 ,*ri/ f\nd ^u ! cross4 ,! ?ird reason is because1 z ,*ryso/om says 9 a s]mon on ! ,passion 7,de ,cruce et ,latrone i1 ii73 ,he suff]$ ^u a high rood & n "u a ro(1 9 ord] t ! nature ( ! air might be purifi$3 & ! e>? felt a l b5efit1 = x 0 cleans$ by ! fl[+ ( ! blood f ,8 side4 ,& on ,john #c3ad3 ,! ,son ( man mu/ be lift$ up1 ,!ophylact says3 ,:5 y he> t ,he 0 lift$ up1 und]/& ,8 hang+ on high1 t ,he might sanctify ! air :o _h sanctifi$ ! e>? by walk+ ^u x4 ,! f\r? reason is1 because1 by dy+ on x1 ,he prep>es = u an asc5t into heav51 z ,*ryso/om 99,a?anasius1 vide ,a1 ,,iii1 ad #b says4 ,h5ce x is t ,he says 7,john #ab3cb73 ,if ,i be lift$ up f ! e>?1 ,i w draw all ?+s to ,myself4 ,! fif? reason is because x is befitt+ ! univ]sal salvation ( ! entire _w4 ,h5ce ,gregory ( ,nyssa obs]ves 7,9 ,*ri/4 ,resurr41 ,orat4 i7 t ! %ape ( ! cross ext5d+ out into f\r extremes f _! c5tral po9t ( contact d5otes ! p[] & ! provid5ce diffus$ ev]y:]e ( ,him :o hung ^u x4 ,*ryso/om 99,a?anasius1 vide ,a4 ,,iii1 ad #b also says t ^u ! cross ,he dies ) out/ret*$ h&s 9 ord] to draw ) "o h& ! p ( old1 & ) ! o!r ^? :o spr+ f ! ,g5tiles4 ,! six? reason is because ( ! v>i\s virtues d5ot$ by ?is class ( dea?4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e 9 8 book on ! grace ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t 7,ep4 cxl7 says3 ,n )\t purpose did ,he *oose ?is class ( dea?1 t ,he might be a tea*] ( t bread?1 & height1 & l5g?1 & dep?1 ( :i* ! ,apo/le speaks 7,eph4 #c3ah73 ,= bread? is 9 ! beam1 :i* is fix$ transv]sely above2 ?is app]ta9s to good works1 s9ce ! h&s are /ret*$ out ^u x4 ,l5g? is ! tree's ext5t f ! beam to ! gr\nd2 & !re x is plant$--t is1 x /&s & abides--:i* is ! note ( longanimity4 ,height is 9 t portion ( ! tree :i* rema9s ov] f ! transv]se beam upw>ds to ! top1 & ?is is at ! head ( ! ,crucifi$1 because ,he is ! supreme desire ( s\ls ( good hope4 ,b t "p ( ! tree :i* is hidd5 f view to hold x fix$1 & f :i* ! entire rood spr+s1 d5otes ! dep? ( gratuit\s grace4 ,&1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 cxix 9 ,joan473 ,! tree ^u :i* 7 fix$ ! memb]s ( ,him dy+ 0 ev5 ! *air ( ! ,ma/] tea*+4 ,! sev5? reason is because ?is k9d ( dea? responds to v _m figures4 ,=1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,passion 7,s]m4 ci ,de ,tempore71 an ark ( wood pres]v$ ! human race f ! wat]s ( ! ,deluge2 at ! exodus ( ,god's p f ,egypt1 ,moses ) a rod divid$ ! sea1 ov]?rew ,ph>aoh & sav$ ! p ( ,god4 ! same ,moses dipp$ 8 rod into ! wat]1 *ang+ x f bitt] to sweet2 at ! t\* ( a wood5 rod a salut>y spr+ gu%$ =? f a spiritual rock2 likewise1 9 ord] to ov]come ,amalec1 ,moses /ret*$ =? 8 arms ) rod 9 h&2 la/ly1 ,god's law is entru/$ to ! wood5 ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant2 all ( :i* are l /eps by :i* we m\nt to ! wood ( ! cross4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! alt> ( holocau/s1 ^u :i* ! sacrifices ( animals 7 immolat$1 0 con/ruct$ ( timb]s1 z is set =? ,ex4 #bg2 & 9 ?is respect ! tru? answ]s to ! figure2 b x is n necess>y = x to be lik5$ 9 e respect1 o!rwise x w\ld n be a lik5ess1 b ! reality1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii74 ,b1 9 p>ticul>1 z ,*ryso/om 99,a?anasius1 vide ,a1 ,,iii1 ad #b says3 ,8 head is n cut (f1 z 0 done to ,john2 nor 0 ,he sawn 9 twa91 l ,isaias1 9 ord] t ,8 entire & indivisible body might obey dea?1 & t !re might be no excuse = !m :o want to divide ! ,*ur*4 ,:ile1 in/ead ( mat]ial fire1 !re 0 ! spiritual fire ( *>ity 9 ,*ri/'s holocau/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ refus$ to und]go di%onorable suff]+s :i* are alli$ ) defects ( k1 or ( grace1 or ev5 ( virtue1 b n ^? injuries inflict$ f )\t--nay1 m1 z is writt5 ,heb4 #ab3b3 ,he endur$ ! cross1 despis+ ! %ame4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xiv71 s9 is accurs$1 &1 consequ5tly1 s is dea?1 & mortality1 :i* comes ( s94 ,b ,*ri/'s fle% 0 mortal1 'hav+ ! resemblance ( ! fle% ( s9'2 & h5ce ,moses calls x accurs$1 j z ! ,apo/le calls x s91 say+ 7#b ,cor4 #e3ba73 ,him t knew no s91 = u ,he ha? made s9--namely1 because ( ! p5alty ( s94 ,nor is !re great] ignom9y on t acc\nt1 because he said3 ',he is accurs$ ( ,god4' ,=1 unless ,god _h hat$ s91 ,he w\ld nev] h s5t ,8 ,son to take ^u ,himself our dea?1 & to de/roy x4 ,ackn[l$ge1 !n1 t x 0 = u ,he took ! curse ^u ,himself1 :om y confess to h di$ = u4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,gal4 #c3ac73 ,*ri/ ha? r$eem$ u f ! curse ( ! law1 be+ made a curse = u4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,endur$ ,all ,suff]+8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did endure all suff]+s1 because ,hil>y 7,de ,tr94 x7 says3 ,god's only-begott5 ,son te/ifies t ,he endur$ e k9d ( human suff]+s 9 ord] to accompli% ! sacram5t ( ,8 dea?1 :5 ) b[$ head ,he gave up ! gho/4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,he did endure all human suff]+s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,isa4 #eb3ac73 ,behold ,my s]vant %all und]/&1 ,he %all be exalt$ & extoll$1 & %all be exce$+ high2 z _m z h be5 a/oni%$ at ,him ,vulg43 '!e'1 s %all ,8 visage be +lori\s among m51 & ,8 =m among ! sons ( m54 ,b ,*ri/ 0 exalt$ 9 t ,he _h all grace & all k1 at :i* _m 7 a/oni%$ 9 admiration !re(4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he 0 +lori\s1 by endur+ e human suff]+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 orda9$ = man's deliv]ance f s91 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,b ,*ri/ came to deliv] m5 f e k9d ( s94 ,!re=e ,he ought to h endur$ e k9d ( suff]+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #ai3cb73 ,! soldi]s !re=e came3 & !y broke ! legs ( ! fir/1 & ( ! o!r :o 0 crucifi$ ) ,him2 b aft] !y 7 come to ,jesus1 :5 !y saw t ,he 0 already dead1 !y did n break ,8 legs4 ,consequ5tly1 ,he did n endure e human suff]+4 ,i answ] t1 ,human suff]+s may be consid]$ "u two aspects4 ,fir/ ( all1 specifically1 & 9 ?is way x 0 n necess>y = ,*ri/ to endure !m all1 s9ce _m are mutually exclusive1 z burn+ & dr[n+2 = we are deal+ n[ ) suff]+s inflict$ f )\t1 s9ce x 0 n beseem+ = ,him to endure ^? aris+ f )91 su* z bodily ailm5ts1 z already /at$ 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #d74 ,b1 speak+ g5]ically1 ,he did endure e human suff]+4 ,?is admits ( a ?reefold acceptance4 ,fir/ ( all1 on ! "p ( m53 = ,he endur$ some?+ f ,g5tiles & f ,jews2 f m5 & f wom51 z is cle> f ! wom5 s]vants :o accus$ ,pet]4 ,he suff]$ f ! rul]s1 f _! s]vants & f ! mob1 accord+ to ,ps4 #b3a1 #b3 ,:y h ! ,g5tiles rag$1 & ! p devis$ va9 ?+s8 ,! k+s ( ! e>? /ood up1 & ! pr9ces met toge!r1 aga9/ ! ,"l & aga9/ ,8 ,*ri/4 ,he suff]$ f fri5ds & acqua9tances1 z is manife/ f ,judas betray+ & ,pet] d5y+ ,him4 ,secondly1 ! same is evid5t on ! "p ( ! suff]+s :i* a man c endure4 ,= ,*ri/ suff]$ f fri5ds ab&on+ ,him2 9 ,8 reputation1 f ! blasphemies hurl$ at ,him2 9 ,8 honor & glory1 f ! mock]ies & ! insults heap$ ^u ,him2 9 ?+s1 = ,he 0 despoil$ ( ,8 g>m5ts2 9 ,8 s\l1 f sadness1 we>9ess1 & fe>2 9 ,8 body1 f w\nds & sc\rg+s4 ,?irdly1 x may be consid]$ ) reg>d to ,8 bodily memb]s4 ,9 ,8 head ,he suff]$ f ! cr[n ( pi]c+ ?orns2 9 ,8 h&s & feet1 f ! fa/5+ ( ! nails2 on ,8 face f ! bl[s & spittle2 & f ! la%es ov] ,8 entire body4 ,moreov]1 ,he suff]$ 9 all ,8 bodily s5ses3 9 t\*1 by be+ sc\rg$ & nail$2 9 ta/e1 by be+ giv5 v9eg> & gall to dr9k2 9 smell1 by be+ fa/5$ to ! gibbet 9 a place reek+ ) ! /5* ( corpses1 :i* is call$ ,calv>y2 9 he>+1 by be+ torm5t$ ) ! cries ( blasphem]s & scorn]s2 9 sight1 by behold+ ! te>s ( ,8 ,"m & ( ! disciple :om ,he lov$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,hil>y's words are to be und]/ood z to all classes ( suff]+s1 b n z to _! k9ds4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! lik5ess is su/a9$1 n z to ! numb] ( ! suff]+s & graces1 b z to _! greatness2 =1 z ,he 0 uplift$ above o!rs 9 gifts ( graces1 s 0 ,he l[]$ b5ea? o!rs by ! ignom9y ( ,8 suff]+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! v lea/ "o ( ,*ri/'s suff]+s 0 suffici5t ( itself to r$eem ! human race f all s9s2 b z to fitt+ness1 x suffic$ t ,he %\ld endure all classes ( suff]+s1 z /at$ above4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,pa9 ( ,*ri/'s ,passion ,0 ,great] ,?an ,all ,o!r ,pa9s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! pa9 ( ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 n great] ?an all o!r pa9s4 ,= ! suff]]'s pa9 is increas$ by ! %>pness & ! duration ( ! suff]+4 ,b "s ( ! m>tyrs endur$ %>p] & m prolong$ pa9s ?an ,*ri/1 z is se5 9 ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 :o 0 roa/$ ^u a gridiron2 & 9 ,/4 ,v9c5t1 ^: fle% 0 torn ) iron p9c]s4 ,!re=e x seems t ! pa9 ( ! suff]+ ,*ri/ 0 n ! greate/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 /r5g? ( s\l mitigates pa91 s mu* s t ! ,/oics held !re 0 no sadness 9 ! s\l ( a wise man2 & ,ari/otle 7,e?ic4 ii7 holds t moral virtue fixes ! mean 9 ! passions4 ,b ,*ri/ _h mo/ p]fect /r5g? ( s\l4 ,!re=e x seems t ! greate/ pa9 did n exi/ 9 ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! m s5sitive ! suff]] is1 ! m acute w ! pa9 be4 ,b ! s\l is m s5sitive ?an ! body1 s9ce ! body feels 9 virtue ( ! s\l2 also1 ,adam 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce seems to h _h a body m s5sitive ?an ,*ri/ _h1 :o assum$ a human body ) its natural defects4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ! pa9 ( a suff]] 9 purgatory1 or 9 hell1 or ev5 ,adam's pa91 if he suff]$ at all1 0 great] ?an ,*ri/'s 9 ! ,passion4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! great] ! good lo/1 ! great] ! pa94 ,b by s9n+ ! s9n] loses a great] good ?an ,*ri/ did :5 suff]+2 s9ce ! life ( grace is great] ?an ! life ( nature3 also1 ,*ri/1 :o lo/ ,8 life1 b 0 to rise aga9 aft] ?ree days1 seems to h lo/ less ?an ^? :o lose _! lives & abide 9 dea?4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s pa9 0 n ! greate/ ( all4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 ! victim's innoc5ce less5s ! /+ ( 8 suff]+s4 ,b ,*ri/ di$ innoc5t1 accord+ to ,j]4 #i3ai3 ,i 0 z a meek lamb1 t is c>ri$ to be a victim4 ,!re=e x seems t ! pa9 ( ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 n ! greate/4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 !re 0 no?+ sup]flu\s 9 ,*ri/'s conduct4 ,b ! slighte/ pa9 w\ld h suffic$ to secure man's salvation1 because f ,8 ,div9e ,p]son x w\ld h _h inf9ite virtue4 ,!re=e x w\ld h be5 sup]flu\s to *oose ! greate/ ( all pa9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,lam4 #a3ab7 on behalf ( ,*ri/'s ,p]son3 ,o all ye t pass by ! way att5d1 & see if !re be any sorr[ l unto ,my sorr[4 ,i answ] t1 ,z we h /at$1 :5 treat+ ( ! defects assum$ by ,*ri/ 7,q4 #ae1 ,,aa4 #e1 #f71 !re 0 true & s5sible pa9 9 ! suff]+ ,*ri/1 :i* is caus$ by some?+ hurtful to ! body3 also1 !re 0 int]nal pa91 :i* is caus$ f ! appreh5sion ( some?+ hurtful1 & ?is is t]m$ sadness4 ,& 9 ,*ri/ ea* ( ^! 0 ! greate/ 9 ?is pres5t life4 ,?is arose f f\r causes4 ,fir/ ( all1 f ! s\rces ( ,8 pa94 ,= ! cause ( ! s5sitive pa9 0 ! w\nd+ ( ,8 body2 & ?is w\nd+ _h its bitt]ness1 bo? f ! ext5t ( ! suff]+ already m5tion$ 7,a4 #e7 & f ! k9d ( suff]+1 s9ce ! dea? ( ! crucifi$ is mo/ bitt]1 because !y are pi]c$ 9 n]v\s & highly s5sitive p>ts--to wit1 ! h&s & feet2 moreov]1 ! weight ( ! susp5d$ body int5sifies ! agony1 & besides ?is !re is ! duration ( ! suff]+ because !y d n die at once l ^? sla9 by ! sword4 ,! cause ( ! int]ior pa9 01 fir/ ( all1 all ! s9s ( ! human race1 = :i* ,he made satisfaction by suff]+2 h5ce ,he ascribes !m1 s to speak1 to ,himself1 say+ 7,ps4 #ba3b73 ,! words ( my s9s4 ,secondly1 especially ! fall ( ! ,jews & ( ! o!rs :o s9n$ 9 ,8 dea? *iefly ( ! apo/les1 :o 7 sc&aliz$ at ,8 ,passion4 ,?irdly1 ! loss ( ,8 bodily life1 :i* is naturally horrible to human nature4 ,! magnitude ( ,8 suff]+ may be consid]$1 secondly1 f ! susceptibility ( ! suff]] z to bo? s\l & body4 ,= ,8 body 0 end[$ ) a mo/ p]fect con/itution1 s9ce x 0 fa%ion$ miracul\sly by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 j z "s o!r ?+s made by miracles are bett] ?an o!rs1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xxii 9 ,joan47 respect+ ! w9e into :i* ,*ri/ *ang$ ! wat] at ! w$d+-fea/4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s s5se ( t\*1 ! s5sitiv5ess ( :i* is ! reason = our feel+ pa91 0 mo/ acute4 ,8 s\l likewise1 f its int]ior p[]s1 appreh5d$ mo/ vehem5tly all ! causes ( sadness4 ,?irdly1 ! magnitude ( ,*ri/'s suff]+ c be e/imat$ f ! s+l5ess ( ,8 pa9 & sadness4 ,9 o!r suff]]s ! int]ior sadness is mitigat$1 & ev5 ! ext]ior suff]+1 f "s consid]ation ( reason1 by "s d]ivation or r$undance f ! high] p[]s into ! l[]2 b x 0 n s ) ! suff]+ ,*ri/1 because ,he p]mitt$ ea* "o ( ,8 p[]s to ex]cise its prop] function1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii74 ,f\r?ly1 ! magnitude ( ! pa9 ( ,*ri/'s suff]+ c be reckon$ by ?is1 t ! pa9 & sorr[ 7 accept$ volunt>ily1 to ! end ( m5's deliv]ance f s92 & consequ5tly ,he embrac$ ! am\nt ( pa9 proportionate to ! magnitude ( ! fruit :i* result$ !refrom4 ,f all ^! causes weigh$ toge!r1 x foll[s t ,*ri/'s pa9 0 ! v greate/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t foll[s f only "o ( ! consid]ations adduc$--namely1 f ! bodily injury1 :i* is ! cause ( s5sitive pa92 b ! torm5t ( ! suff]+ ,*ri/ is mu* m int5sifi$ f o!r causes1 z above /at$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,moral virtue less5s int]ior sadness 9 "o way1 & outw>d s5sitive pa9 9 q ano!r2 = x less5s int]ior sadness directly by fix+ ! mean1 z be+ its prop] matt]1 )9 limits4 ,b1 z 0 laid d[n 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #b71 moral virtue fixes ! mean 9 ! passions1 n accord+ to ma!matical quantity1 b accord+ to quantity ( proportion1 s t ! passion %all n g beyond ! rule ( reason4 ,& s9ce ! ,/oics held all sadness to be unpr(itable1 !y accord+ly believ$ x to be altoge!r discordant ) reason1 & consequ5tly to be %unn$ altoge!r by a wise man4 ,b 9 v tru? "s sadness is praisewor?y1 z ,augu/9e proves 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiv7--namely1 :5 x fl[s f holy love1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 a man is sadd5$ ov] 8 own or o!rs' s9s4 ,fur!rmore1 x is employ$ z a useful means ( satisfy+ = s9s1 accord+ to ! say+ ( ! ,apo/le 7#b ,cor4 #g3aj73 ,! sorr[ t is accord+ to ,god worke? p5ance1 /eadfa/ unto salvation4 ,& s to atone = ! s9s ( all m51 ,*ri/ accept$ sadness1 ! greate/ 9 absolute quantity1 yet n exce$+ ! rule ( reason4 ,b moral virtue does n less5 outw>d s5sitive pa91 because su* pa9 is n subject to reason1 b foll[s ! nature ( ! body2 yet x less5s x indirectly by r$undance ( ! high] p[]s into ! l[]4 ,b ?is did n happ5 9 ,*ri/'s case1 z /at$ above 7cf4 ,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b2 ,q4 #de1 ,a4 #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! pa9 ( a suff]+1 sep>at$ s\l belongs to ! /ate ( future condemnation1 :i* exce$s e evil ( ?is life1 j z ! glory ( ! sa9ts surpasses e good ( ! pres5t life4 ,accord+ly1 :5 we say t ,*ri/'s pa9 0 ! greate/1 we make no comp>ison betwe5 ,8 & ! pa9 ( a sep>at$ s\l4 ,b ,adam's body c\ld n suff]1 except he s9n$2 s t he w\ld become mortal1 & passible4 ,&1 ?\gh actually suff]+1 x w\ld h felt less pa9 ?an ,*ri/'s body1 = ! reasons already /at$4 ,f all ?is x is cle> t ev5 if ,adam _h suff]$ 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce1 ?\gh ?is 0 impossible 8 pa9 w\ld h be5 less ?an ,*ri/'s4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/ griev$ n only ov] ! loss ( ,8 own bodily life1 b also ov] ! s9s ( all o!rs4 ,& ?is grief 9 ,*ri/ surpass$ all grief ( e contrite he>t1 bo? because x fl[$ f a great] wisdom & *>ity1 by :i* ! pang ( contrition is int5sifi$1 & because ,he griev$ at ! "o "t = all s9s1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3d3 ,surely ,he ha? c>ri$ our sorr[s4 ,b su* 0 ! dignity ( ,*ri/'s life 9 ! body1 especially on acc\nt ( ! ,godhead unit$ ) x1 t its loss1 ev5 = "o h\r1 w\ld be a matt] ( great] grief ?an ! loss ( ano!r man's life = h[soev] long a "t4 ,h5ce ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 iii7 t ! man ( virtue loves 8 life all ! m 9 proportion z he kn[s x to be bett]2 & yet he exposes x = virtue's sake4 ,& 9 l fa%ion ,*ri/ laid d[n ,8 mo/ belov$ life = ! good ( *>ity1 accord+ to ,j]4 #ab3g3 ,i h giv5 ,my de> s\l into ! h&s ( h] enemies4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,! suff]]'s innoc5ce does less5 num]ically ! pa9 ( ! suff]+1 s9ce1 :5 a guilty man suff]s1 he grieves n m]ely on acc\nt ( ! p5alty1 b also because ( ! crime1 :]eas ! innoc5t man grieves only = ! p5alty3 yet ?is pa9 is m int5sifi$ by reason ( 8 innoc5ce1 9 s f> z he deems ! hurt inflict$ to be ! m undes]v$4 ,h5ce x is t ev5 o!rs are m des]v+ ( blame if !y d n compassionate him1 accord+ to ,isa4 #eg3a3 ,! j p]i%e?1 & no man laye? x to he>t4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,*ri/ will$ to deliv] ! human race f s9s n m]ely by ,8 p[]1 b also accord+ to ju/ice4 ,& !re=e ,he did n simply weigh :at great virtue ,8 suff]+ w\ld h f union ) ! ,godhead1 b also h[ mu*1 accord+ to ,8 human nature1 ,8 pa9 w\ld avail = s great a satisfaction4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,suff]$ 9 ,8 ,:ole ,s\l8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n suff] 9 ,8 :ole s\l4 ,= ! s\l suff]s indirectly :5 ! body suff]s1 inasmu* z x is ! act ( ! body4 ,b ! s\l is n1 z to its e "p1 ! act ( ! body2 because ! intellect is ! act ( no body1 z is said ,de ,anima iii4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ did n suff] 9 ,8 :ole s\l4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 e p[] ( ! s\l is passive 9 reg>d to its prop] object4 ,b ! high] "p ( reason has = its object ! et]nal types1 to ! consid]ation & consultation ( :i* x directs itself1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xii74 ,b ,*ri/ c\ld suff] no hurt f ! et]nal types1 s9ce !y are n[ise oppos$ to ,him4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he did n suff] 9 ,8 :ole s\l4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a s5sitive passion is said to be complete :5 x comes into contact ) ! reason4 ,b !re 0 none su* 9 ,*ri/1 b only pro-passions2 z ,j]ome rem>ks on ,matt4 #bf3cg4 ,h5ce ,dionysius says 9 a lett] to ,john ! ,evangeli/ t ,he endur$ only m5tally ! suff]+s inflict$ ^u ,him4 ,consequ5tly x does n seem t ,*ri/ suff]$ 9 ,8 :ole s\l4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 suff]+ causes pa93 b !re is no pa9 9 ! speculative intellect1 because1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,topic4 i71 !re is no sadness 9 opposition to ! pleasure :i* comes ( consid]ation4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ did n suff] 9 ,8 :ole s\l4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ps4 #hg3d7 on behalf ( ,*ri/3 ,my s\l is fill$ ) evils3 ^u :i* ! gloss adds3 ,n ) vices1 b ) woes1 :]eby ! s\l suff]s ) ! fle%2 or ) evils1 viz4 ( a p]i%+ p1 by compassionat+ !m4 ,b ,8 s\l w\ld n h be5 fill$ ) ^! evils except ,he _h suff]$ 9 ,8 :ole s\l4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ suff]$ 9 ,8 entire s\l4 ,i answ] t1 ,a :ole is s t]m$ ) respect to its p>ts4 ,b ! p>ts ( a s\l are its faculties4 ,s1 !n1 ! :ole s\l is said to suff] 9 s f> z x is afflict$ z to its ess5ce1 or z to all its faculties4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t a faculty ( ! s\l c suff] 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all1 by its own passion2 & ?is comes ( its be+ afflict$ by its prop] object2 ?us1 sight may suff] f sup]abundance ( ! visible object4 ,9 ano!r way a faculty suff]s by a passion 9 ! subject on :i* x is bas$2 z sight suff]s :5 ! s5se ( t\* 9 ! eye is affect$1 ^u :i* ! s5se ( sight re/s1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 ! eye is prick$1 or is disaffect$ by heat4 ,s1 !n1 we say t if ! s\l be consid]$ ) respect to its ess5ce1 x is evid5t t ,*ri/'s :ole s\l suff]$4 ,= ! s\l's :ole ess5ce is alli$ ) ! body1 s t x is entire 9 ! :ole body & 9 its e "p4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ! body suff]$ & 0 dispos$ to sep>ate f ! s\l1 ! entire s\l suff]$4 ,b if we consid] ! :ole s\l accord+ to its faculties1 speak+ ?us ( ! prop] passions ( ! faculties1 ,he suff]$ inde$ z to all ,8 l[] p[]s2 because 9 all ! s\l's l[] p[]s1 ^: op]ations are b temporal1 !re 0 some?+ to be f\nd :i* 0 a s\rce ( woe to ,*ri/1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above 7,a4 #f74 ,b ,*ri/'s high] reason did n suff] !reby on ! "p ( its object1 :i* is ,god1 :o 0 ! cause1 n ( grief1 b r ( delight & joy1 to ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,nev]!less1 all ! p[]s ( ,*ri/'s s\l did suff] accord+ z any faculty is said to be affect$ z reg>ds its subject1 because all ! faculties ( ,*ri/'s s\l 7 root$ 9 its ess5ce1 to :i* suff]+ ext5d$ :5 ! body1 ^: act x is1 suff]$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ! intellect z a faculty is n ! act ( ! body1 /ill ! s\l's ess5ce is ! act ( ! body1 & 9 x ! intellective faculty is root$1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p1 ,q4 #gg1 ,,aa4 #f1 #h4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t proce$s f passion on ! "p ( ! prop] object1 accord+ to :i* ,*ri/'s high] reason did n suff]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,grief is !n said to be a true passion1 by :i* ! s\l is tr\bl$1 :5 ! passion 9 ! s5sitive "p causes reason to deflect f ! rectitude ( its act1 s t x !n foll[s ! passion1 & has no long] free-w ) reg>d to x4 ,9 ?is way passion ( ! s5sitive "p did n ext5d to reason 9 ,*ri/1 b m]ely subjectively1 z 0 /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! speculative intellect c h no pa9 or sadness on ! "p ( its object1 :i* is tru? consid]$ absolutely1 & :i* is its p]fection3 nev]!less1 bo? grief & its cause c rea* x 9 ! way m5tion$ above4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,entire ,s\l ,enjoy$ ,bless$ ,fruition ,dur+ ! ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s entire s\l did n enjoy bless$ fruition dur+ ! ,passion4 ,= x is n possible to be sad & glad at ! "o "t1 s9ce sadness & gladness are contr>ies4 ,b ,*ri/'s :ole s\l suff]$ grief dur+ ! ,passion1 z 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #g74 ,!re=e ,8 :ole s\l c\ld n enjoy fruition4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 vii7 t1 if sadness be vehem5t1 x n only *ecks ! contr>y delight1 b e delight2 & conv]sely4 ,b ! grief ( ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 ! greate/1 z %[n above 7,a4 #f72 & likewise ! enjoym5t ( fruition is also ! greate/1 z 0 laid d[n 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #cd1 ,a4 #c74 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 n possible = ,*ri/'s :ole s\l to be suff]+ & rejoic+ at ! "o "t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 beatific fruition comes ( ! k & love ( ,div9e ?+s1 z ,augu/9e says 7,doctr4 ,*ri/4 i74 ,b all ! s\l's p[]s d n ext5d to ! k & love ( ,god4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s :ole s\l did n enjoy fruition4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,*ri/'s ,godhead p]mitt$ ,8 fle% to d & to suff] :at 0 prop] to x4 ,9 l fa%ion1 s9ce x belong$ to ,*ri/'s s\l1 inasmu* z x 0 bless$1 to enjoy fruition1 ,8 ,passion did n imp$e fruition4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #g71 ! :ole s\l c be und]/ood bo? accord+ to its ess5ce & accord+ to all its faculties4 ,if x be und]/ood accord+ to its ess5ce1 !n ,8 :ole s\l did enjoy fruition1 inasmu* z x is ! subject ( ! high] "p ( ! s\l1 to :i* x belongs1 to enjoy ! ,godhead3 s t z passion1 by reason ( ! ess5ce1 is attribut$ to ! high] "p ( ! s\l1 s1 on ! o!r h&1 by reason ( ! sup]ior "p ( ! s\l1 fruition is attribut$ to ! ess5ce4 ,b if we take ! :ole s\l z compris+ all its faculties1 ?us ,8 entire s\l did n enjoy fruition3 n directly1 inde$1 because fruition is n ! act ( any "o "p ( ! s\l2 nor by any ov]fl[ ( glory1 because1 s9ce ,*ri/ 0 /ill ^u e>?1 !re 0 no ov]fl[+ ( glory f ! high] "p into ! l[]1 nor f ! s\l into ! body4 ,b s9ce1 on ! contr>y1 ! s\l's high] "p 0 n h9d]$ 9 its prop] acts by ! l[]1 x foll[s t ! high] "p ( ,8 s\l enjoy$ fruition p]fectly :ile ,*ri/ 0 suff]+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! joy ( fruition is n oppos$ directly to ! grief ( ! ,passion1 because !y h n ! same object4 ,n[ no?+ prev5ts contr>ies f be+ 9 ! same subject1 b n accord+ to ! same4 ,& s ! joy ( fruition c app]ta9 to ! high] "p ( reason by its prop] act2 b grief ( ! ,passion accord+ to ! subject4 ,grief ( ! ,passion belongs to ! ess5ce ( ! s\l by reason ( ! body1 ^: =m ! s\l is2 :]eas ! joy ( fruition 7belongs to ! s\l7 by reason ( ! faculty 9 :i* x is subject$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,philosoph]'s cont5tion is true because ( ! ov]fl[ :i* takes place naturally ( "o faculty ( ! s\l into ano!r2 b x 0 n s ) ,*ri/1 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,su* argum5t holds good ( ! totality ( ! s\l ) reg>d to its faculties4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,suff]$ at a ,suitable ,"t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n suff] at a suitable "t4 ,= ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 prefigur$ by ! sacrifice ( ! ,pas*al lamb3 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #e3g73 ,*ri/ our ,pas* is sacrific$4 ,b ! pas*al lamb 0 sla9 on ! f\rte5? day at ev5tide1 z is /at$ 9 ,ex4 #ab3f4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ ought to h suff]$ !n2 :i* is manife/ly false3 = ,he 0 !n celebrat+ ! ,pas* ) ,8 disciples1 accord+ to ,m>k's acc\nt 7#ad3ab73 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! unleav5$ bread1 :5 !y sacrific$ ! ,pas*2 :]eas x 0 on ! foll[+ day t ,he suff]$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s ,passion is call$ ,8 uplift+1 accord+ to ,john #c3ad3 ,s mu/ ! ,son ( man be lift$ up4 ,& ,*ri/ is ,himself call$ ! ,sun ( ,ju/ice1 z we read ,mal4 #d3b4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he ought to h suff]$ at ! six? h\r1 :5 ! sun is at its highe/ po9t1 & yet ! contr>y appe>s f ,mk4 #ae3be3 ,x 0 ! ?ird h\r1 & !y crucifi$ ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ! sun is at its highe/ po9t 9 ea* day at ! six? h\r1 s also x rea*es its highe/ po9t 9 e ye> at ! summ] sol/ice4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ ought to h suff]$ ab\t ! "t ( ! summ] sol/ice r ?an ab\t ! v]nal equ9ox4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! _w 0 enlight5$ by ,*ri/'s pres5ce 9 x1 accord+ to ,john #i3e3 ,z long z ,i am 9 ! _w ,i am ! light ( ! _w4 ,consequ5tly x 0 fitt+ = man's salvation t ,*ri/ %\ld h liv$ long] 9 ! _w1 s t ,he %\ld h suff]$1 n 9 "y1 b 9 old1 age4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #ac3a73 ,jesus1 kn[+ t ,8 h\r 0 come = ,him to pass out ( ?is _w to ! ,fa!r2 & 7,john #b3d73 ,my h\r is n yet come4 ,^u :i* texts ,augu/9e obs]ves3 ,:5 ,he _h done z mu* z ,he deem$ suffici5t1 !n came ,8 h\r1 n ( necessity1 b ( w1 n ( condition1 b ( p[]4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ di$ at an opportune "t4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 obs]v$ above 7,a4 #a71 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 subject to ,8 w4 ,b ,8 w 0 rul$ by ! ,div9e wisdom :i* ord]e? all ?+s conv5i5tly & sweetly 7,wis4 #h3a74 ,consequ5tly x mu/ be said t ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 enact$ at an opportune "t4 ,h5ce x is writt5 9 ,de ,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/41 qu4 lv3 ,! ,savi\r did ev]y?+ 9 its prop] place & season4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,"s hold t ,*ri/ did die on ! f\rte5? day ( ! moon1 :5 ! ,jews sacrific$ ! ,pas*3 h5ce x is /at$ 7,john #ah3bh7 t ! ,jews w5t n into ,pilate's hall on ! day ( ! ,passion1 t !y might n be defil$1 b t !y might eat ! ,pas*4 ,^u ?is ,*ryso/om obs]ves 7,hom4 lxxxii 9 ,joan473 ,! ,jews celebrat$ ! ,pas* !n2 b ,he celebrat$ ! ,pas* on ! previ\s day1 res]v+ ,8 own slay+ until ! ,friday1 :5 ! old ,pas* 0 kept4 ,& ?is appe>s to tally ) ! /atem5t 7,john #ac3a-e7 t be=e ! fe/ival day ( ! ,pas* 4 4 4 :5 supp] 0 done 4 4 4 ,*ri/ wa%$ ! feet ( ! disciples4 ,b ,mat!w's acc\nt 7#bf3ag7 seems oppos$ to ?is2 t on ! fir/ day ( ! ,azymes ! disciples came to ,jesus1 say+3 ,:]e wilt ,?\ t we prep>e = ,!e to eat ! ,pas*8 ,f :i*1 z ,j]ome says1 s9ce ! f\rte5? day ( ! fir/ mon? is call$ ! day ( ! ,azymes1 :5 ! lamb 0 sla91 & :5 x 0 full moon1 x is q cle> t ,*ri/ kept ! supp] on ! f\rte5? & di$ on ! fifte5?4 ,& ?is comes out m cle>ly f ,mk4 #ad3ab3 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! unleav5$ bread1 :5 !y sacrific$ ! ,pas*1 etc42 & f ,luke #bb3g3 ,! day ( ! unleav5$ bread came1 on :i* x 0 necess>y t ! ,pas* %\ld be kill$4 ,consequ5tly1 !n1 o!rs say t ,*ri/ ate ! ,pas* ) ,8 disciples on ! prop] day--t is1 on ! f\rte5? day ( ! moon--%[+ !reby t up to ! la/ day ,he 0 n oppos$ to ! law1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 lxxxi 9 ,mat?473 b t ! ,jews1 be+ busi$ 9 compass+ ,*ri/'s dea? aga9/ ! law1 put (f celebrat+ ! ,pas* until ! foll[+ day4 ,& on ?is acc\nt x is said ( !m t on ! day ( ,*ri/'s ,passion !y 7 unwill+ to ent] ,pilate's hall1 t !y might n be defil$1 b t !y might eat ! ,pas*4 ,b ev5 ?is solution does n tally ) ,m>k1 :o says3 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! unleav5$ bread1 :5 !y sacrific$ ! ,pas*4 ,consequ5tly ,*ri/ & ! ,jews celebrat$ ! anci5t ,pas* at ! "o "t4 ,& z ,b$e says on ,luke #bb3g1 #h3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ :o is our ,pas* 0 sla9 on ! foll[+ day--t is1 on ! fifte5? day ( ! moon--nev]!less1 on ! night :5 ! ,lamb 0 sacrific$1 deliv]+ to ! disciples to be celebrat$1 ! my/]ies ( ,8 body & blood1 & be+ held & b\nd by ! ,jews1 ,he hall[$ ! op5+ ( ,8 own immolation--t is1 ( ,8 ,passion4 ,b ! words 7,john #ac3a7 ,be=e ! fe/ival day ( ! ,pas* are to be und]/ood to ref] to ! f\rte5? day ( ! moon1 :i* !n fell ^u ! ,?ursday3 = ! fifte5? day ( ! moon 0 ! mo/ solemn day ( ! ,pas* ) ! ,jews3 & s ! same day :i* ,john calls be=e ! fe/ival day ( ! ,pas*1 on acc\nt ( ! natural di/9ction ( days1 ,mat!w calls ! fir/ day ( ! unleav5$ bread1 because1 accord+ to ! rite ( ! ,jewi% fe/ivity1 ! solemnity began f ! ev5+ ( ! prec$+ day4 ,:5 x is said1 !n1 t !y 7 go+ to eat ! ,pas* on ! fifte5? day ( ! mon?1 x is to be und]/ood t ! ,pas* !re is n call$ ! ,pas*al lamb1 :i* 0 sacrific$ on ! f\rte5? day1 b ! ,pas*al food--t is1 ! unleav5$ bread--:i* _h to be eat5 by ! clean4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om 9 ! same passage gives ano!r explanation1 t ! ,pas* c be tak5 z mean+ ! :ole fea/ ( ! ,jews1 :i* la/$ sev5 days4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 iii73 ',x 0 ab\t ! six? h\r' :5 ! ,"l 0 deliv]$ up by ,pilate to be crucifi$1 z ,john relates4 ,= x 0 n q ! six? h\r1 b ab\t ! six?--t is1 x 0 aft] ! fif?1 & :5 "p ( ! six? _h be5 ent]$ ^u until ! six? h\r 0 end$--t ! d>kness began1 :5 ,*ri/ hung ^u ! cross4 ,x is und]/ood to h be5 ! ?ird h\r :5 ! ,jews clamor$ = ! ,"l to be crucifi$3 & x is mo/ cle>ly %[n t !y crucifi$ ,him :5 !y clamor$ out4 ,!re=e1 le/ anyone might div]t ! ?\ght ( s great a crime f ! ,jews to ! soldi]s1 he says3 ',x 0 ! ?ird h\r1 & !y crucifi$ ,him1' t !y be=e all may be f\nd to h crucifi$ ,him1 :o at ! ?ird h\r clamor$ = ,8 crucifixion4 ,al?\gh !re are n want+ "s p]sons :o wi% ! ,p>asceve to be und]/ood z ! ?ird h\r1 :i* ,john recalls1 say+3 ',x 0 ! ,p>asceve1 ab\t ! six? h\r4' ,= ',p>asceve' is int]pret$ 'prep>ation4' ,b ! true ,pas*1 :i* 0 celebrat$ 9 ! ,"l's ,passion1 began to be prep>$ f ! n9? h\r ( ! night--namely1 :5 ! *ief prie/s said3 ',he is des]v+ ( dea?4' ,accord+ to ,john1 !n1 ! six? h\r ( ! ,p>asceve la/s f t h\r ( ! night d[n to ,*ri/'s crucifixion2 :ile1 accord+ to ,m>k1 x is ! ?ird h\r ( ! day4 ,/ill1 !re are "s :o cont5d t ?is discrepancy is due to ! error ( a ,greek transcrib]3 s9ce ! *>act]s employ$ by !m to repres5t #c & #f are some:at alike4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accord+ to ! au?or ( ,de ,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/41 qu4 lv1 our ,"l will$ to r$eem & re=m ! _w by ,8 ,passion1 at ! "t ( ye> at :i* ,he _h creat$ x--t is1 at ! equ9ox4 ,x is !n t day gr[s ^u night2 because by our ,savi\r's ,passion we are br\ght f d>kness to light4 ,& s9ce ! p]fect enlight5+ w come ab\t at ,*ri/'s second com+1 !re=e ! season ( ,8 second com+ is comp>$ 7,matt4 #bd3cb1 #cc7 to ! summ] 9 ^! words3 ,:5 ! bran* !re( is n[ t5d]1 & ! leaves come =?1 y "k t summ] is nigh3 s y also1 :5 y %all see all ^! ?+s1 "k ye t x is nigh ev5 at ! doors4 ,& !n also %all be ,*ri/'s greate/ exaltation4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/ will$ to suff] :ile yet "y1 = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/ ( all1 to comm5d ! m ,8 love by giv+ up ,8 life = u :5 ,he 0 9 ,8 mo/ p]fect /ate ( life4 ,secondly1 because x 0 n becom+ = ,him to %[ any decay ( nature nor to be subject to disease1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #d74 ,?irdly1 t by dy+ & ris+ at an e>ly age ,*ri/ might exhibit be=eh& 9 ,8 own p]son ! future condition ( ^? :o rise aga94 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,eph4 #d3ac73 ,until we all meet into ! unity ( fai?1 & ( ! k ( ! ,son ( ,god1 unto a p]fect man1 unto ! measure ( ! age ( ! fulness ( ,*ri/4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,suff]$ 9 a ,suitable ,place8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n suff] 9 a suitable place4 ,= ,*ri/ suff]$ accord+ to ,8 human nature1 :i* 0 conceiv$ 9 ,naz>e? & born 9 ,be?lehem4 ,consequ5tly x seems t ,he ought n to h suff]$ 9 ,j]usalem1 b 9 ,naz>e? or ,be?lehem4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! reality ought to correspond ) ! figure4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 prefigur$ by ! sacrifices ( ! ,old ,law1 & ^! 7 (f]$ up 9 ! ,temple4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ ought to h suff]$ 9 ! ,temple1 & n outside ! city gate4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! m$ic9e %\ld correspond ) ! disease4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 ! m$ic9e aga9/ ,adam's s93 & ,adam 0 n buri$ 9 ,j]usalem1 b 9 ,hebron2 = x is writt5 7,jo%4 #ad3ae73 ,! "n ( ,hebron be=e 0 call$ ,c>ia?-,arbe3 ,adam ! greate/ 9 ! l& ( ,vulg43 'among' ! ,enacims 0 laid !re4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #ac3cc73 ,x _c be t a prophet p]i% out ( ,j]usalem4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld die 9 ,j]usalem4 ,i answ] t1 ,accord+ to ! au?or ( ,de ,qq4 ,vet4 et ,nov4 ,te/41 qu4 lv1 ! ,savi\r did ev]y?+ 9 its prop] place & season1 because1 z all ?+s are 9 ,8 h&s1 s are all places3 & consequ5tly1 s9ce ,*ri/ suff]$ at a suitable "t1 s did ,he 9 a suitable place4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ di$ mo/ appropriately 9 ,j]usalem4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ,j]usalem 0 ,god's *os5 place = ! (f]+ ( sacrifices to ,himself3 & ^! figurative sacrifices =e%ad[$ ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* is a true sacrifice1 accord+ to ,eph4 #e3b3 ,he ha? deliv]$ ,himself = u1 an oblation & a sacrifice to ,god = an odor ( sweetness4 ,h5ce ,b$e says 9 a ,homily 7xxiii73 ,:5 ! ,passion drew nigh1 our ,"l will$ to draw nigh to ! place ( ! ,passion--t is to say1 to ,j]usalem--:i!r ,he came five days be=e ! ,pas*2 j z1 accord+ to ! legal precept1 ! ,pas*al lamb 0 l$ to ! place ( immolation five days be=e ! ,pas*1 :i* is ! t5? day ( ! moon4 ,secondly1 because ! virtue ( ,8 ,passion 0 to be spread ov] ! :ole _w1 ,he wi%$ to suff] 9 ! c5t] ( ! habitable _w--t is1 9 ,j]usalem4 ,accord+ly x is writt5 7,ps4 #gc3ab73 ,b ,god is our ,k+ be=e ages3 ,he ha? wr\ght salvation 9 ! mid/ ( ! e>?--t is1 9 ,j]usalem1 :i* is call$ ! navel ( ! e>? 99,cf4 ,j]ome's comm5t on ,eze*4 #e3e4 ,?irdly1 because x 0 specially 9 keep+ ) ,8 humility3 t1 z ,he *ose ! mo/ %ameful mann] ( dea?1 s likewise x 0 "p ( ,8 humility t ,he did n refuse to suff] 9 s celebrat$ a place4 ,h5ce ,pope ,leo says 7,s]m4 ,i 9 ,epiph473 ,he :o _h tak5 ^u ,himself ! =m ( a s]vant *ose ,be?lehem = ,8 nativity & ,j]usalem = ,8 ,passion4 ,f\r?ly1 ,he will$ to suff] 9 ,j]usalem1 :]e ! *ief prie/s dwelt1 to %[ t ! wick$ness ( ,8 slay]s arose f ! *iefs ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,acts #d3bg73 ,!re assembl$ toge!r 9 ?is city aga9/ ,?y holy *ild ,jesus :om ,?\ ha/ ano9t$1 ,h]od1 & ,pontius ,pilate1 ) ! ,g5tiles & ! p ( ,israel4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,= ?ree reasons ,*ri/ suff]$ outside ! gate1 & n 9 ! ,temple nor 9 ! city4 ,fir/ ( all1 t ! tru? might correspond ) ! figure4 ,= ! calf & ! goat :i* 7 (f]$ 9 mo/ solemn sacrifice = expiation on behalf ( ! entire multitude 7 burnt outside ! camp1 z comm&$ 9 ,lev4 #af3bg4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,heb4 #ac3bg73 ,= ! bodies ( ^? bea/s1 ^: blood is br\ght into ! holies by ! high-prie/ = s91 are burn$ )\t ! camp4 ,:]e=e ,jesus also1 t ,he might sanctify ! p by ,8 own blood1 suff]$ )\t ! gate4 ,secondly1 to set u ! example ( %unn+ worldly conv]sation4 ,accord+ly ! passage cont9ues3 ,let u g =? !re=e to ,him )\t ! camp1 be>+ ,8 reproa*4 ,?irdly1 z ,*ryso/om says 9 a s]mon on ! ,passion 7,hom4 i ,de ,cruce et ,latrone73 ,! ,"l 0 n will+ to suff] "u a ro(1 nor 9 ! ,jewi% ,temple1 le/ ! ,jews might take away ! sav+ sacrifice1 & le/ y might ?9k ,he 0 (f]$ = t p only4 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 beyond ! city & outside ! walls1 t y may le>n x 0 a univ]sal sacrifice1 an oblation = ! :ole _w1 a cleans+ = all4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accord+ to ,j]ome1 9 8 comm5t>y on ,matt4 #bg3cc1 someone expla9$ '! place ( ,calv>y' z be+ ! place :]e ,adam 0 buri$2 & t x 0 s call$ because ! skull ( ! fir/ man 0 buri$ !re4 ,a pleas+ int]pretation inde$1 & "o suit$ to cat* ! e> ( ! p1 b1 /ill1 n ! true "o4 ,= ! spots :]e ! condemn$ are behead$ are outside ! city & beyond ! gates1 d]iv+ !nce ! "n ( ,calv>y--t is1 ( ! behead$4 ,jesus1 accord+ly1 0 crucifi$ !re1 t ! /&>ds ( m>tyrdom might be uplift$ ov] :at 0 =m]ly ! place ( ! condemn$4 ,b ,adam 0 buri$ close by ,hebron & ,arbe1 z we read 9 ! book ( ,jesus ,b5 ,nave4 ,b ,jesus 0 to be crucifi$ 9 ! common spot ( ! condemn$ r ?an beside ,adam's sepul*re1 to make x manife/ t ,*ri/'s cross 0 ! rem$y1 n only = ,adam's p]sonal s91 b also = ! s9 ( ! entire _w4 ,,elev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #aa ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ = ,*ri/ to ,be ,crucifi$ ) ,?ieves8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unfitt+ = ,*ri/ to h be5 crucifi$ ) ?ieves1 because x is writt5 7#b ,cor4 #f3ad73 ,:at p>ticipation ha? ju/ice ) inju/ice8 ,b = our sakes ,*ri/ ( ,god is made unto u ju/ice 7#a ,cor4 #a3cj72 :]eas iniquity applies to ?ieves4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be crucifi$ ) ?ieves4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 on ,matt4 #bf3ce1 ,?\gh ,i %\ld die ) ,!e1 ,i w n d5y ,!e1 ,orig5 7,tract4 xxxv 9 ,mat?47 obs]ves3 ,x 0 n m5's lot to die ) ,jesus1 s9ce ,he di$ = all4 ,aga91 on ,luke #bb3cc1 ,i am ready to g ) ,!e1 bo? into prison & dea?1 ,ambrose says3 ,our ,"l's ,passion has foll[]s1 b n equals4 ,x seems1 !n1 mu* less fitt+ = ,*ri/ to suff] ) ?ieves4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,matt4 #bg3dd7 t ! ?ieves :o 7 crucifi$ ) ,him reproa*$ ,him4 ,b 9 ,luke #bb3db x is /at$ t "o ( !m :o 7 crucifi$ ) ,*ri/ cri$ out to ,him3 ,"l1 rememb] me :5 ,?\ %alt come into ,?y k+dom4 ,x seems1 !n1 t besides ! blasphem\s ?ieves !re 0 ano!r man :o did n blaspheme ,him3 & s ! ,evangeli/'s acc\nt does n seem to be accurate :5 x says t ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ ) ?ieves4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x 0 =etold by ,isaias 7#ec3ab73 ,& ,he 0 reput$ ) ! wick$4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ betwe5 ?ieves f "o int5tion on ! "p ( ! ,jews1 & f q ano!r on ! "p ( ,god's orda9+4 ,z to ! int5tion ( ! ,jews1 ,*ryso/om rem>ks 7,hom4 lxxxvii 9 ,mat?47 t !y crucifi$ ! two ?ieves1 "o on ei!r side1 t ,he might be made to %>e _! guilt4 ,b x did n happ5 s2 because m5tion is nev] made ( !m2 :]eas ,8 cross is honor$ ev]y:]e4 ,k+s lay aside _! cr[ns to take up ! cross3 on _! purple robes1 on _! diadems1 on _! weapons1 on ! consecrat$ table1 ev]y:]e ! cross %9es =?4 ,z to ,god's ord9ance1 ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ ) ?ieves1 because1 z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #bg3cc3 ,z ,*ri/ became accurs$ ( ! cross = u1 s = our salvation ,he 0 crucifi$ z a guilty "o among ! guilty4 ,secondly1 z ,pope ,leo obs]ves 7,s]m4 iv de ,passione73 ,two ?ieves 7 crucifi$1 "o on ,8 "r h& & "o on ,8 left1 to set =? by ! v appe>ance ( ! gibbet t sep>ation ( all m5 :i* %all be made 9 ,8 h\r ( judgm5t4 ,& ,augu/9e on ,john #g3cf3 ,! v cross1 if ?\ m>k x well1 0 a judgm5t-seat3 = ! judge be+ set 9 ! mid/1 ! "o :o believ$ 0 deliv]$1 ! o!r :o mock$ ,him 0 condemn$4 ,already ,he has signifi$ :at ,he %all d to ! quick & ! dead2 "s ,he w set on ,8 "r1 o!rs on ,8 left h&4 ,?irdly1 accord+ to ,hil>y 7,comm4 xxxiii 9 ,mat?473 ,two ?ieves are set1 "o ^u ,8 "r & "o ^u ,8 left1 to %[ t all mank9d is call$ to ! sacram5t ( ,8 ,passion4 ,b because ( ! cleavage betwe5 believ]s & unbeliev]s1 ! multitude is divid$ into "r & left1 ^? on ! "r be+ sav$ by ! ju/ification ( fai?4 ,f\r?ly1 because1 z ,b$e says on ,mk4 #ae3bg3 ,! ?ieves crucifi$ ) our ,"l d5ote ^? :o1 believ+ 9 & confess+ ,*ri/1 ei!r endure ! conflict ( m>tyrdom or keep ! in/itutes ( /rict] obs]vance4 ,b ^? :o d ! l = ! sake ( ev]la/+ glory are d5ot$ by ! fai? ( ! ?ief on ! "r2 :ile o!rs :o d s = ! sake ( human applause copy ! m9d & behavior ( ! "o on ! left4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,j z ,*ri/ 0 n oblig$ to die1 b will+ly submitt$ to dea? s z to vanqui% dea? by ,8 p[]3 s nei!r des]v$ ,he to be class$ ) ?ieves2 b will$ to be reput$ ) ! ungodly t ,he might de/roy ungodl9ess by ,8 p[]4 ,accord+ly1 ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 lxxxiv 9 ,joan47 t to conv]t ! ?ief ^u ! cross1 & lead him into p>adise1 0 no less a wond] ?an to %ake ! rocks4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x 0 n fitt+ t anyone else %\ld die ) ,*ri/ f ! same cause z ,*ri/3 h5ce ,orig5 cont9ues ?us 9 ! same passage3 ,all _h be5 "u s91 & all requir$ t ano!r %\ld die = !m1 n !y = o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5su ,evang4 iii73 ,we c und]/& ,mat!w z putt+ ! plural = ! s+ul> :5 he said ! ?ieves reproa*$ ,him4 ,or x may be said1 ) ,j]ome1 t at fir/ bo? blasphem$ ,him1 b aft]w>ds "o believ$ 9 ,him on witness+ ! wond]s4 ,,twelf? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #df1 ,art4 #ab ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,passion ,is to ,be ,attribut$ to ,8 ,godhead8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,passion is to be attribut$ to ,8 ,godhead2 = x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #b3h73 ,if !y _h kn[n x1 !y w\ld nev] h crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! ,"l ( glory 9 respect ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion is attribut$ to ,him 9 respect ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! pr9ciple ( m5's salvation is ! ,godhead ,itself1 accord+ to ,ps4 #cf3ci3 ,b ! salvation ( ! j is f ! ,"l4 ,consequ5tly1 if ,*ri/'s ,passion did n app]ta9 to ,8 ,godhead1 x w\ld seem t x c\ld n produce fruit 9 u4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,jews 7 puni%$ = slay+ ,*ri/ z = murd]+ ,god ,himself2 z is prov$ by ! gravity ( ! puni%m5t4 ,n[ ?is w\ld n be s if ! ,passion 7 n attribut$ to ! ,godhead4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion %\ld be s attribut$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,a?anasius says 7,ep4 ad ,epict473 ,! ,^w is impassible ^: ,nature is ,div9e4 ,b :at is impassible _c suff]4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s ,passion did n conc]n ,8 ,godhead4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #f71 ! union ( ! human nature ) ! ,div9e 0 effect$ 9 ! ,p]son1 9 ! hypo/asis1 9 ! suppositum1 yet obs]v+ ! di/9ction ( natures2 s t x is ! same ,p]son & hypo/asis ( ! ,div9e & human natures1 :ile ea* nature reta9s t :i* is prop] to x4 ,& !re=e1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #af1 ,a4 #d71 ! ,passion is to be attribut$ to ! suppositum ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 n because ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 :i* is impassible1 b by reason ( ! human nature4 ,h5ce1 9 a ,synodal ,epi/le ( ,cyril 99,act4 ,conc4 ,ephes41 ,p4 i1 cap4 #bf we read3 ,if any man does n confess t ! ,^w ( ,god suff]$ 9 ! fle% & 0 crucifi$ 9 ! fle%1 let him be ana!ma4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion belongs to ! suppositum ( ! ,div9e ,nature by reason ( ! passible nature assum$1 b n on acc\nt ( ! impassible ,div9e ,nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,"l ( glory is said to be crucifi$1 n z ! ,"l ( glory1 b z a man capable ( suff]+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z is said 9 a s]mon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 99,p4 iii1 cap4 #aj1 ,*ri/'s dea? be+1 z x 71 ,god's dea?--namely1 by union 9 ,p]son--de/roy$ dea?2 s9ce ,he :o suff]$ 0 bo? ,god & man4 ,= ,god's ,nature 0 n w\nd$1 nor did ,x und]go any *ange by ^? suff]+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ! passage quot$ goes on to say3 ,! ,jews did n crucify "o :o 0 simply a man2 !y inflict$ _! presumptions ^u ,god4 ,= suppose a pr9ce to speak by ^w ( m\?1 & t 8 words are committ$ to writ+ on a p>*m5t & s5t out to ! cities1 & t "s rebel te>s up ! docum5t1 he w be l$ =? to endure ! dea? s5t5ce1 n = m]ely te>+ up a docum5t1 b z de/roy+ ! imp]ial message4 ,let n ! ,jew1 !n1 /& 9 security1 z crucify+ a m]e man2 s9ce :at he saw 0 z ! p>*m5t1 b :at 0 hidd5 "u x 0 ! imp]ial ,^w1 ! ,son by nature1 n ! m]e utt]ance ( a tongue4 ,,"q #dg ,,( ,,! ,,effici5t ,,cause ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,passion 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! effici5t cause ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 conc]n+ :i* !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ 0 sla9 by o!rs1 or by ,himself8 7#b7 ,f :at motive did ,he deliv] ,himself up to ! ,passion8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! ,fa!r deliv]$ ,him up to suff]8 7#d7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld suff] at ! h&s ( ! ,g5tiles1 or r ( ! ,jews8 7#e7 ,:e!r ,8 slay]s knew :o ,he 08 7#f7 ,( ! s9 ( !m :o slew ,*ri/4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dg1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ,sla9 by ,ano!r or by ,himself8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n sla9 by ano!r1 b by ,himself4 ,= ,he says ,himself 7,john #aj3ah73 ,no man take? ,my life f ,me1 b ,i lay x d[n ( ,myself4 ,b he is said to kill ano!r :o takes away 8 life4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/ 0 n sla9 by o!rs1 b by ,himself4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ^? sla9 by o!rs s9k gradually f exhau/$ nature1 & ?is is /rik+ly app>5t 9 ! crucifi$3 =1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv73 ,^? :o 7 crucifi$ 7 torm5t$ ) a l+]+ dea?4 ,b ?is did n happ5 9 ,*ri/'s case1 s9ce cry+ out1 ) a l\d voice1 ,he yield$ up ! gho/ 7,matt4 #bg3ej74 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n sla9 by o!rs1 b by ,himself4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ^? sla9 by o!rs suff] a viol5t dea?1 & h5ce die unwill+ly1 because viol5t is oppos$ to volunt>y4 ,b ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv73 ,*ri/'s _s did n quit ! fle% unwill+ly1 b because ,he will$ x1 :5 ,he will$ x1 & z ,he will$ x4 ,consequ5tly ,*ri/ 0 n sla9 by o!rs1 b by ,himself4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #ah3cc73 ,aft] !y h sc\rg$ ,him1 !y w put him to dea?4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ may cause an effect 9 two ways3 9 ! fir/ in/ance by act+ directly s z to produce ! effect2 & 9 ?is mann] ,*ri/'s p]secutors slew ,him because !y inflict$ on ,him :at 0 a suffici5t cause ( dea?1 & ) ! int5tion ( slay+ ,him1 & ! effect foll[$1 s9ce dea? result$ f t cause4 ,9 ano!r way someone causes an effect indirectly--t is1 by n prev5t+ x :5 he c d s2 j z "o p]son is said to dr5* ano!r by n clos+ ! w9d[ ?r\gh :i* ! %[] is ent]+3 & 9 ?is way ,*ri/ 0 ! cause ( ,8 own ,passion & dea?4 ,= ,he c\ld h prev5t$ ,8 ,passion & dea?4 ,fir/ly1 by hold+ ,8 enemies 9 *eck1 s t !y w\ld n h be5 eag] to slay ,him1 or w\ld h be5 p[]less to d s4 ,secondly1 because ,8 _s _h ! p[] ( pres]v+ ,8 fle%ly nature f ! infliction ( any injury2 & ,*ri/'s s\l _h ?is p[]1 because x 0 unit$ 9 unity ( p]son ) ! ,div9e ,^w1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv74 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,*ri/'s s\l did n repel ! injury inflict$ on ,8 body1 b will$ ,8 corporeal nature to succumb to su* injury1 ,he is said to h laid d[n ,8 life1 or to h di$ volunt>ily4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 we he> ! words1 ,no man take? away ,my life f ,me1 we mu/ und]/& aga9/ ,my w3 = t is prop]ly said to be tak5 away :i* "o takes f someone :o is unwill+ & unable to resi/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ord] = ,*ri/ to %[ t ! ,passion inflict$ by viol5ce did n take away ,8 life1 ,he pres]v$ ! /r5g? ( ,8 bodily nature1 s t at ! la/ mom5t ,he 0 able to cry out ) a l\d voice3 & h5ce ,8 dea? %\ld be comput$ among ,8 o!r miracles4 ,accord+ly x is writt5 7,mk4 #ae3ci73 ,& ! c5turion :o /ood ov] aga9/ ,him1 see+ t cry+ out 9 ?is mann]1 ,he _h giv5 up ! gho/1 said3 ,inde$1 ?is man 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,x 0 also a subject ( wond] 9 ,*ri/'s dea? t ,he di$ soon] ?an ! o!rs :o 7 torm5t$ ) ! same suff]+4 ,h5ce ,john says 7#ai3cb7 t !y broke ! legs ( ! fir/1 & ( ! o!r t 0 crucifi$ ) ,him1 t !y might die m spe$ily2 b aft] !y 7 come to ,jesus1 :5 !y saw t ,he 0 already dead1 !y did n break ,8 legs4 ,m>k also /ates 7#ae3dd7 t ,pilate wond]$ t ,he %\ld be already dead4 ,= z ( ,8 own w ,8 bodily nature kept its vigor to ! end1 s likewise1 :5 ,he will$1 ,he sudd5ly succumb$ to ! injury inflict$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ at ! same "t suff]$ viol5ce 9 ord] to die1 & di$1 nev]!less1 volunt>ily2 because viol5ce 0 inflict$ on ,8 body1 :i*1 h[ev]1 prevail$ ov] ,8 body only s f> z ,he will$ x4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dg1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,di$ ,out ( ,ob$i5ce8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n die out ( ob$i5ce4 ,= ob$i5ce is ref]r$ to a comm&4 ,b we d n read t ,*ri/ 0 comm&$ to suff]4 ,!re=e ,he did n suff] out ( ob$i5ce4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a man is said to d f ob$i5ce :at he does f necessity ( precept4 ,b ,*ri/ did n suff] necess>ily1 b volunt>ily4 ,!re=e ,he did n suff] out ( ob$i5ce4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 *>ity is a m excell5t virtue ?an ob$i5ce4 ,b we read t ,*ri/ suff]$ out ( *>ity1 accord+ to ,eph4 #e3b3 ,walk 9 love1 z ,*ri/ also has lov$ u1 & deliv]$ ,himself up = u4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion ought to be ascrib$ r to *>ity ?an to ob$i5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,phil4 #b3h73 ,he became ob$i5t to ! ,fa!r unto dea?4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 befitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld suff] out ( ob$i5ce4 ,fir/ ( all1 because x 0 9 keep+ ) human ju/ification1 t z by ! disob$i5ce ( "o man1 _m 7 made s9n]s3 s also by ! ob$i5ce ( "o1 _m %all be made j1 z is writt5 ,rom4 #e3ai4 ,secondly1 x 0 suitable = reconcil+ man ) ,god3 h5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #e3aj73 ,we are reconcil$ to ,god by ! dea? ( ,8 ,son1 9 s f> z ,*ri/'s dea? 0 a mo/ acceptable sacrifice to ,god1 accord+ to ,eph4 #e3b3 ,he deliv]$ ,himself = u an oblation & a sacrifice to ,god = an odor ( sweetness4 ,n[ ob$i5ce is pref]r$ to all sacrifices4 accord+ to #a ,k+s #ae3bb3 ,ob$i5ce is bett] ?an sacrifices4 ,!re=e x 0 fitt+ t ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/'s ,passion & dea? %\ld proce$ f ob$i5ce4 ,?irdly1 x 0 9 keep+ ) ,8 victory :]eby ,he triumph$ ov] dea? & its au?or2 because a soldi] _c conqu] unless he obey 8 capta94 ,& s ! ,man-,*ri/ secur$ ! victory ?r\gh be+ ob$i5t to ,god1 accord+ to ,prov4 #ba3bh3 ,an ob$i5t man %all speak ( victory4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ receiv$ a comm& f ! ,fa!r to suff]4 ,= x is writt5 7,john #aj3ah73 ,i h p[] to lay d[n ,my life1 & ,i h p[] to take x up aga93 7&7 ?is comm&m5t h ,i receiv$ ( ,my ,fa!r--namely1 ( lay+ d[n ,8 life & ( resum+ x aga94 ,f :i*1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 lix 9 ,joan471 x is n to be und]/ood t at fir/ ,he await$ ! comm&1 & t ,he _h ne$ to be told1 b ,he %[$ ! proce$+ to be a volunt>y "o1 & de/roy$ suspicion ( opposition to ! ,fa!r4 ,yet because ! ,old ,law 0 end$ by ,*ri/'s dea?1 accord+ to ,8 dy+ words1 ,x is consummat$ 7,john #ai3cj71 x may be und]/ood t by ,8 suff]+ ,he fulfill$ all ! precepts ( ! ,old ,law4 ,he fulfill$ ^? ( ! moral ord] :i* are f\nd$ on ! precepts ( *>ity1 inasmu* z ,he suff]$ bo? out ( love ( ! ,fa!r1 accord+ to ,john #ad3ca3 ,t ! _w may "k t ,i love ! ,fa!r1 & z ! ,fa!r ha? giv5 ,me comm&m5t1 s d ,i3 arise1 let u g h5ce--namely1 to ! place ( ,8 ,passion3 & out ( love ( ,8 neighbor1 accord+ to ,gal4 #b3bj3 ,he lov$ me1 & deliv]$ ,himself up = me4 ,*ri/ likewise by ,8 ,passion fulfill$ ! c]emonial precepts ( ! ,law1 :i* are *iefly orda9$ = sacrifices & oblations1 9 s f> z all ! anci5t sacrifices 7 figures ( t true sacrifice :i* ! dy+ ,*ri/ (f]$ = u4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,col4 #b3af1 #ag73 ,let no man judge y 9 meat or dr9k1 or 9 respect ( a fe/ival day1 or ( ! new moon1 or ( ! sabba?s1 :i* are a %ad[ ( ?+s to come1 b ! body is ,*ri/'s1 = ! reason t ,*ri/ is comp>$ to !m z a body is to a %ad[4 ,*ri/ also by ,8 ,passion fulfill$ ! judicial precepts ( ! ,law1 :i* are *iefly orda9$ = mak+ comp5sation to !m :o h suff]$ wrong1 s9ce1 z is writt5 ,ps4 #fh3e3 ,he paid t :i* ,he took n away1 suff]+ ,himself to be fa/5$ to a tree on acc\nt ( ! apple :i* man _h pluck$ f ! tree aga9/ ,god's comm&4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ob$i5ce implies necessity ) reg>d to ! ?+ comm&$1 nev]!less x implies free-w ) reg>d to ! fulfill+ ( ! precept4 ,&1 inde$1 su* 0 ,*ri/'s ob$i5ce1 =1 al?\gh ,8 ,passion & dea?1 consid]$ 9 !mselves1 7 repugnant to ! natural w1 yet ,*ri/ resolv$ to fulfill ,god's w ) respect to ! same1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ci3i3 ,t ,i %\ld d ,?y w3 ,o my ,god1 ,i h desir$ x4 ,h5ce ,he said 7,matt4 #bf3db73 ,if ?is *alice may n pass away1 b ,i mu/ dr9k x1 ,?y w be done4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,= ! same reason ,*ri/ suff]$ out ( *>ity & out ( ob$i5ce2 because ,he fulfill$ ev5 ! precepts ( *>ity out ( ob$i5ce only2 & 0 ob$i5t1 out ( love1 to ! ,fa!r's comm&4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dg1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,god ! ,fa!r ,deliv]$ ,up ,*ri/ to ! ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,god ! ,fa!r did n deliv] up ,*ri/ to ! ,passion4 ,= x is a wick$ & cruel act to h& ov] an innoc5t man to torm5t & dea?4 ,b1 z x is writt5 7,deut4 #cb3d73 ,god is fai?ful1 & )\t any iniquity4 ,!re=e ,he did n h& ov] ! innoc5t ,*ri/ to ,8 ,passion & dea?4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is n likely t a man be giv5 ov] to dea? by himself & by ano!r also4 ,b ,*ri/ gave ,himself up = u1 z x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3ab73 ,he ha? deliv]$ ,8 s\l unto dea?4 ,consequ5tly x does n appe> t ,god ! ,fa!r deliv]$ ,him up4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,judas is held to be guilty because he betray$ ,*ri/ to ! ,jews1 accord+ to ,john #f3ga3 ,"o ( y is a devil1 allud+ to ,judas1 :o 0 to betray ,him4 ,! ,jews are likewise revil$ = deliv]+ ,him up to ,pilate2 z we read 9 ,john #ah3ce3 ,?y own nation1 & ! *ief prie/s h deliv]$ ,!e up to me4 ,moreov]1 z is relat$ 9 ,john #ai3af3 ,pilate deliv]$ ,him to !m to be crucifi$2 & accord+ to #b ,cor4 #f3ad3 !re is no p>ticipation ( ju/ice ) inju/ice4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,god ! ,fa!r did n deliv] up ,*ri/ to ,8 ,passion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,rom4 #h3cb73 ,god ha? n sp>$ ,8 own ,son1 b deliv]$ ,him up = u all4 ,i answ] t1 ,z obs]v$ above 7,a4 #b71 ,*ri/ suff]$ volunt>ily out ( ob$i5ce to ! ,fa!r4 ,h5ce 9 ?ree respects ,god ! ,fa!r did deliv] up ,*ri/ to ! ,passion4 ,9 ! fir/ way1 because by ,8 et]nal w ,he preorda9$ ,*ri/'s ,passion = ! deliv]ance ( ! human race1 accord+ to ! words ( ,isaias 7#ec3f73 ,! ,"l ha? laid on ,him ! iniquities ( u all2 & aga9 7,isa4 #ec3aj73 ,! ,"l 0 pleas$ to bruise ,him 9 infirmity4 ,secondly1 inasmu* z1 by ! infusion ( *>ity1 ,he inspir$ ,him ) ! w to suff] = u2 h5ce we read 9 ! same passage3 ,he 0 (f]$ because x 0 ,8 own w 7,isa4 #ec3g74 ,?irdly1 by n %ield+ ,him f ! ,passion1 b ab&on+ ,him to ,8 p]secutors3 ?us we read 7,matt4 #bg3df7 t ,*ri/1 :ile hang+ ^u ! cross1 cri$ out3 ,my ,god1 ,my ,god1 :y ha/ ,?\ =sak5 ,me8 because1 to wit1 ,he left ,him to ! p[] ( ,8 p]secutors1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 cxl74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is inde$ a wick$ & cruel act to h& ov] an innoc5t man to torm5t & to dea? aga9/ 8 w4 ,yet ,god ! ,fa!r did n s deliv] up ,*ri/1 b inspir$ ,him ) ! w to suff] = u4 ,god's sev]ity 7cf4 ,rom4 #aa3bb7 is !reby %[n1 = ,he w\ld n remit s9 )\t p5alty3 & ! ,apo/le indicates ?is :5 7,rom4 #h3cb7 he says3 ,god sp>$ n ev5 ,8 own ,son4 ,likewise ,8 goodness 7,rom4 #aa3bb7 %9es =?1 s9ce by no p5alty endur$ c\ld man pay ,him en\gh satisfaction3 & ! ,apo/le d5otes ?is :5 he says3 ,he deliv]$ ,him up = u all3 &1 aga9 7,rom4 #c3be73 ,:om--t is to say1 ,*ri/--,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ z ,god deliv]$ ,himself up to dea? by ! same w & action z t by :i* ! ,fa!r deliv]$ ,him up2 b z man ,he gave ,himself up by a w inspir$ ( ! ,fa!r4 ,consequ5tly !re is no contr>iety 9 ! ,fa!r deliv]+ ,him up & 9 ,*ri/ deliv]+ ,himself up4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! same act1 = good or evil1 is judg$ diff]5tly1 accord+ly z x proce$s f a diff]5t s\rce4 ,! ,fa!r deliv]$ up ,*ri/1 & ,*ri/ surr5d]$ ,himself1 f *>ity1 & consequ5tly we give praise to bo?3 b ,judas betray$ ,*ri/ f gre$1 ! ,jews f envy1 & ,pilate f worldly fe>1 = he /ood 9 fe> ( ,caes>2 & ^! accord+ly are held guilty4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dg1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ = ,*ri/ to ,suff] at ! ,h&s ( ! ,g5tiles8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld suff] at ! h&s ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,= s9ce m5 7 to be fre$ f s9 by ,*ri/'s dea?1 x w\ld seem fitt+ t v few %\ld s9 9 ,8 dea?4 ,b ! ,jews s9n$ 9 ,8 dea?1 on ^: behalf x is said 7,matt4 #ba3ch73 ,?is is ! heir2 come1 let u kill him4 ,x seems fitt+1 !re=e1 t ! ,g5tiles %\ld n be implicat$ 9 ! s9 ( ,*ri/'s slay+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! tru? %\ld respond to ! figure4 ,n[ x 0 n ! ,g5tiles b ! ,jews :o (f]$ ! figurative sacrifices ( ! ,old ,law4 ,!re=e nei!r ought ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* 0 a true sacrifice1 to be fulfill$ at ! h&s ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z relat$ ,john #e3ah1 ! ,jews s\ght to kill ,*ri/ because ,he did n only break ! sabba?1 b also said ,god 0 ,8 ,fa!r1 mak+ ,himself equal to ,god4 ,b ^! ?+s seem$ to be only aga9/ ! ,law ( ! ,jews3 h5ce !y !mselves said 7,john #ai3g73 ,accord+ to ! ,law ,he ought to die because ,he made ,himself ! ,son ( ,god4 ,x seems fitt+1 !re=e1 t ,*ri/ %\ld suff]1 at ! h&s n ( ! ,g5tiles1 b ( ! ,jews1 & t :at !y said 0 untrue3 ,x is n lawful = u to put any man to dea?1 s9ce _m s9s are puni%able ) dea? accord+ to ! ,law1 z is evid5t f ,lev4 #bj4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l ,himself says 7,matt4 #bj3ai73 ,!y %all deliv] ,him to ! ,g5tiles to be mock$1 & sc\rg$1 & crucifi$4 ,i answ] t1 ,! effect ( ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 =e%[n by ! v mann] ( ,8 dea?4 ,= ,*ri/'s ,passion wr\ght its effect ( salvation fir/ ( all among ! ,jews1 v _m ( :om 7 baptiz$ 9 ,8 dea?1 z is evid5t f ,acts #b3da & ,acts #d3d4 ,aft]w>ds1 by ! prea*+ ( ,jews1 ,*ri/'s ,passion pass$ on to ! ,g5tiles4 ,consequ5tly x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld beg9 ,8 suff]+s at ! h&s ( ! ,jews1 &1 aft] !y _h deliv]$ ,him up1 f9i% ,8 ,passion at ! h&s ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ord] to demon/rate ! fulness ( ,8 love1 on acc\nt ( :i* ,he suff]$1 ,*ri/ ^u ! cross pray$ = ,8 p]secutors4 ,!re=e1 t ! fruits ( ,8 petition might accrue to ,jews & ,g5tiles1 ,*ri/ will$ to suff] f bo?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 ! (f]+ ( a sacrifice1 inasmu* z ,he endur$ dea? ( ,8 own free-w out ( *>ity3 b 9 s f> z ,he suff]$ f ,8 p]secutors x 0 n a sacrifice1 b a mo/ griev\s s94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 cxiv 9 ,joan473 ,! ,jews said t 'x is n lawful = u to put any man to dea?1' because !y und]/ood t x 0 n lawful = !m to put any man to dea? ow+ to ! sacr$ness ( ! fea/-day1 :i* !y _h already begun to celebrate4 or1 z ,*ryso/om obs]ves 7,hom4 lxxxiii 9 ,joan471 because !y want$ ,him to be sla91 n z a transgressor ( ! ,law1 b z a public enemy1 s9ce ,he _h made ,himself out to be a k+1 ( :i* x 0 n _! place to judge4 ,or1 aga91 because x 0 n lawful = !m to crucify ,him 7z !y want$ to71 b to /one ,him1 z !y did to ,/eph54 ,bett] /ill is x to say t ! p[] ( putt+ to dea? 0 tak5 f !m by ! ,romans1 ^: subjects !y 74 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dg1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,p]secutors ,knew ,:o ,he ,08 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s p]secutors did "k :o ,he 04 ,= x is writt5 7,matt4 #ba3ch7 t ! husb&m5 see+ ! son said )9 !mselves3 ,?is is ! heir2 come1 let u kill him4 ,on ?is ,j]ome rem>ks3 ,our ,"l proves mo/ manife/ly by ^! words t ! rul]s ( ! ,jews crucifi$ ! ,son ( ,god1 n f ignorance1 b out ( envy3 = !y und]/ood t x 0 ,he to :om ! ,fa!r says by ! ,prophet3 ',ask ( ,me1 & ,i w give ,!e ! ,g5tiles = ,?y inh]itance4' ,x seems1 !re=e1 t !y knew ,him to be ,*ri/ or ! ,son ( ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l says 7,john #ae3bd73 ,b n[ !y h bo? se5 & hat$ bo? ,me & ,my ,fa!r4 ,n[ :at is se5 is kn[n manife/ly4 ,!re=e ! ,jews1 kn[+ ,*ri/1 inflict$ ! ,passion on ,him out ( hatr$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is said 9 a s]mon deliv]$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7,p4 iii1 cap4 x73 ,j z he :o te>s up ! imp]ial message is doom$ to die1 z despis+ ! pr9ce's ^w2 s ! ,jew1 :o crucifi$ ,him :om he _h se51 w pay ! p5alty = d>+ to lay 8 h&s on ,god ! ,^w ,himself4 ,n[ ?is w\ld n be s _h !y n kn[n ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god1 because _! ignorance w\ld h excus$ !m4 ,!re=e x seems t ! ,jews 9 crucify+ ,*ri/ knew ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #b3h73 ,if !y _h kn[n x1 !y w\ld nev] h crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory4 ,& 7,acts #c3ag71 ,pet]1 address+ ! ,jews1 says3 ,i "k t y did x ?r\gh ignorance1 z did also y\r rul]s4 ,likewise ! ,"l hang+ ^u ! cross said3 ,fa!r1 =give !m1 = !y "k n :at !y d 7,luke #bc3cd74 ,i answ] t1 ,among ! ,jews "s 7 eld]s1 & o!rs ( less] degree4 ,n[ accord+ to ! au?or ( ,de ,qq4 ,nov4 et ,vet4 ,te/41 qu4 lxvi1 ! eld]s1 :o 7 call$ rul]s1 knew1 z did also ! devils1 t ,he 0 ! ,*ri/ promis$ 9 ! ,law3 = !y saw all ! signs 9 ,him :i* ! prophets said w\ld come to pass3 b !y did n "k ! my/]y ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,consequ5tly ! ,apo/le says3 ,if !y _h kn[n x1 !y w\ld nev] h crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be und]/ood t _! ignorance did n excuse !m f crime1 because x 01 z x 71 affect$ ignorance4 ,= !y saw manife/ signs ( ,8 ,godhead2 yet !y p]v]t$ !m out ( hatr$ & envy ( ,*ri/2 nei!r w\ld !y believe ,8 words1 :]eby ,he av[$ t ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce ,he ,himself says ( !m 7,john #ae3bb73 ,if ,i _h n come1 & spok5 to !m1 !y w\ld n h s92 b n[ !y h no excuse = _! s94 ,& aft]w>ds ,he adds 7,john #ae3bd73 ,if ,i _h n done among !m ! works t no o!r man ha? done1 !y w\ld n h s94 ,& s ! expression employ$ by ,job 7#ba3ad7 c be accept$ on _! behalf3 7,:o7 said to ,god3 dep>t f u1 we desire n ! k ( ,?y ways4 ,b ^? ( less] degree--namely1 ! common folk--:o _h n grasp$ ! my/]ies ( ! ,scriptures1 did n fully compreh5d t ,he 0 ! ,*ri/ or ! ,son ( ,god4 ,= al?\gh "s ( !m believ$ 9 ,him1 yet ! multitude did n2 & if !y d\bt$ sometimes :e!r ,he 0 ! ,*ri/1 on acc\nt ( ! manifold signs & =ce ( ,8 tea*+1 z is /at$ ,john #g3ca1 #da1 nev]!less !y 7 deceiv$ aft]w>ds by _! rul]s1 s t !y did n believe ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god or ! ,*ri/4 ,h5ce ,pet] said to !m3 ,i "k t y did x ?r\gh ignorance1 z did also y\r rul]s--namely1 because !y 7 s$uc$ by ! rul]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^? words are spok5 by ! husb&m5 ( ! v9ey>d2 & ^! signify ! rul]s ( ! p1 :o knew ,him to be ! heir1 inasmu* z !y knew ,him to be ! ,*ri/ promis$ 9 ! ,law1 b ! words ( ,ps4 #b3h seem to militate aga9/ ?is answ]3 ,ask ( ,me1 & ,i w give ,!e ! ,g5tiles = ,?y inh]itance2 :i* are address$ to ,him ( :om x is said3 ,?\ art ,my ,son1 ?is day h ,i begott5 ,!e4 ,if1 !n1 !y knew ,him to be ! "o to :om ! words 7 address$3 ,ask ( ,me1 & ,i w give ,!e ! ,g5tiles = ,?y inh]itance1 x foll[s t !y knew ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,*ryso/om1 too1 says ^u ! same passage t !y knew ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b$e likewise1 comm5t+ on ! words1 ,= !y "k n :at !y d 7,luke #bc3cd71 says3 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ,he does n pray = !m :o1 und]/&+ ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god1 pref]r$ to crucify ,him r ?an ackn[l$ge ,him4 ,b to ?is x may be repli$ t !y knew ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god1 n f ,8 ,nature1 b f ! excell5ce ( ,8 s+ul> grace4 ,yet we may hold t !y are said to h kn[n also t ,he 0 v]ily ! ,son ( ,god1 9 t !y _h evid5t signs !re(3 yet out ( hatr$ & envy1 !y refus$ cr$5ce to ^! signs1 by :i* !y might h kn[n t ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! words quot$ are prec$$ by ! foll[+3 ,if ,i _h n done among !m ! works t no o!r man ha? done1 !y w\ld n h s92 & !n foll[ ! words3 ,b n[ !y h bo? se5 & hat$ bo? ,me & ,my ,fa!r4 ,n[ all ?is %[s t :ile !y beheld ,*ri/'s m>vel\s works1 x 0 ow+ to _! hatr$ t !y did n "k ,him to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,affect$ ignorance does n excuse f guilt1 b seems1 r1 to aggravate x3 = x %[s t a man is s /rongly atta*$ to s9 t he wi%es to incur ignorance le/ he avoid s9n+4 ,! ,jews !re=e s9n$1 z crucifi]s n only ( ! ,man-,*ri/1 b also z ( ,god4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dg1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,s9 ( ,^? ,:o ,crucifi$ ,*ri/ ,0 ,mo/ ,griev\s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! s9 ( ,*ri/'s crucifi]s 0 n ! mo/ griev\s4 ,because ! s9 :i* has "s excuse _c be mo/ griev\s4 ,b our ,"l ,himself excus$ ! s9 ( ,8 crucifi]s :5 ,he said3 ,fa!r1 =give !m3 = !y "k n :at !y d 7,luke #bc3cd74 ,!re=e !irs 0 n ! mo/ griev\s s94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l said to ,pilate 7,john #ai3aa73 ,he t ha? deliv]$ ,me to !e ha? ! great] s94 ,b x 0 ,pilate :o caus$ ,*ri/ to be crucifi$ by 8 m9ions4 ,!re=e ! s9 ( ,judas ! traitor seems to be great] ?an t ( ^? :o crucifi$ ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 v73 ,no "o suff]s inju/ice will+ly2 & 9 ! same place he adds3 ,:]e no "o suff]s inju/ice1 nobody works inju/ice4 ,consequ5tly nobody wreaks inju/ice ^u a will+ subject4 ,b ,*ri/ suff]$ will+ly1 z 0 %[n above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,!re=e ^? :o crucifi$ ,*ri/ did ,him no inju/ice2 & h5ce _! s9 0 n ! mo/ griev\s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ryso/om1 comm5t+ on ! words1 ,fill ye up1 !n1 ! measure ( y\r fa!rs 7,matt4 #bc3cb71 says3 ,9 v tru? !y exce$$ ! measure ( _! fa!rs2 = ^! latt] slew m51 b !y crucifi$ ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #e71 ! rul]s ( ! ,jews knew t ,he 0 ! ,*ri/3 & if !re 0 any ignorance 9 !m1 x 0 affect$ ignorance1 :i* c\ld n excuse !m4 ,!re=e _! s9 0 ! mo/ griev\s1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! k9d ( s91 z well z f ! malice ( _! w4 ,! ,jews also ( ! common ord] s9n$ mo/ griev\sly z to ! k9d ( _! s93 yet 9 "o respect _! crime 0 less5$ by reason ( _! ignorance4 ,h5ce ,b$e1 comm5t+ on ,luke #bc3cd1 ,fa!r1 =give !m1 = !y "k n :at !y d1 says3 ,he prays = !m :o "k n :at !y are do+1 z hav+ ! zeal ( ,god1 b n accord+ to k4 ,b ! s9 ( ! ,g5tiles1 by ^: h&s ,he 0 crucifi$1 0 mu* m excusable1 s9ce !y _h no k ( ! ,law4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z /at$ above1 ! excuse made by our ,"l is n to be ref]r$ to ! rul]s among ! ,jews1 b to ! common p4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,judas did n deliv] up ,*ri/ to ,pilate1 b to ! *ief prie/s :o gave ,him up to ,pilate1 accord+ to ,john #ah3ce3 ,?y own nation & ! *ief prie/s h deliv]$ ,!e up to me4 ,b ! s9 ( all ^! 0 great] ?an t ( ,pilate1 :o slew ,*ri/ f fe> ( ,caes>2 & ev5 great] ?an ! s9 ( ! soldi]s :o crucifi$ ,him at ! gov]nor's bidd+1 n out ( cupidity l ,judas1 nor f envy & hate l ! *ief prie/s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/1 inde$ will$ ,8 ,passion j z ! ,fa!r will$ x2 yet ,he did n w ! unju/ action ( ! ,jews4 ,consequ5tly ,*ri/'s slay]s are n excus$ ( _! inju/ice4 ,nev]!less1 :oev] slays a man n only does a wrong to ! "o sla91 b likewise to ,god & to ! ,/ate2 j z he :o kills himself1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 v74 ,h5ce x 0 t ,david condemn$ to dea? ! man :o did n fe> to lay h&s ^u ! ,"l's ano9t$1 ev5 ?\gh he 7,saul7 _h reque/$ x1 z relat$ #b ,k+s #a3e-ad4 ,,"q #dh ,,( ,,! ,,effici5cy ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,passion 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we n[ h to consid] ,*ri/'s ,passion z to its effect2 fir/ ( all1 z to ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 br\ght ab\t2 &1 secondly1 z to ! effect 9 itself4 ,"u ! fir/ head+ !re are six po9ts = inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,passion br\ght ab\t our salvation by way ( m]it8 7#b7 ,:e!r x 0 by way ( atonem5t8 7#c7 ,:e!r x 0 by way ( sacrifice8 7#d7 ,:e!r x 0 by way ( r$emption8 7#e7 ,:e!r x is prop] to ,*ri/ to be ! ,r$eem]8 7#f7 ,:e!r 7! ,passion7 secur$ man's salvation effici5tly8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dh1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,passion ,br\ght ,ab\t ,our ,salvation by ,way ( ,m]it8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,passion did n br+ ab\t our salvation by way ( m]it4 ,= ! s\rces ( our suff]+s are n )9 u4 ,b no "o m]its or is prais$ except = t ^: pr9ciple lies )9 him4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion wr\ght no?+ by way ( m]it4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception ,*ri/ m]it$ = ,himself & = u1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #i1 ,a4 #d2 ,q4 #cd1 ,a4 #c74 ,b x is sup]flu\s to m]it ov] aga9 :at has be5 m]it$ be=e4 ,!re=e by ,8 ,passion ,*ri/ did n m]it our salvation4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! s\rce ( m]it is *>ity4 ,b ,*ri/'s *>ity 0 n made great] by ! ,passion ?an x 0 be=e4 ,!re=e ,he did n m]it our salvation by suff]+ m ?an ,he _h already4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ! words ( ,phil4 #b3i1 ,!re=e ,god exalt$ ,him1 etc41 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 civ 9 ,joan473 ,! l[l9ess ( ! ,passion m]it$ glory2 glory 0 ! rew>d ( l[l9ess4 ,b ,he 0 glorifi$1 n m]ely 9 ,himself1 b likewise 9 ,8 fai?ful ones1 z ,he says ,himself 7,john #ag3aj74 ,!re=e x appe>s t ,he m]it$ ! salvation ( ! fai?ful4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #g1 ,,aa4 #a1 #i2 ,q4 #h1 ,,aa4 #a1 #e71 grace 0 be/[$ ^u ,*ri/1 n only z an individual1 b inasmu* z ,he is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 s t x might ov]fl[ into ,8 memb]s2 & !re=e ,*ri/'s works are ref]r$ to ,himself & to ,8 memb]s 9 ! same way z ! works ( any o!r man 9 a /ate ( grace are ref]r$ to himself4 ,b x is evid5t t :osoev] suff]s = ju/ice's sake1 provid$ t he be 9 a /ate ( grace1 m]its 8 salvation !reby1 accord+ to ,matt4 #e3aj3 ,bless$ are !y t suff] p]secution = ju/ice's sake4 ,consequ5tly ,*ri/ by ,8 ,passion m]it$ salvation1 n only = ,himself1 b likewise = all ,8 memb]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,suff]+1 z su*1 is caus$ by an outw>d pr9ciple3 b inasmu* z "o be>s x will+ly1 x has an inw>d pr9ciple4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ,8 conception ,*ri/ m]it$ our et]nal salvation2 b on our side !re 7 "s ob/acles1 :]eby we 7 h9d]$ f secur+ ! effect ( ,8 prec$+ m]its3 consequ5tly1 9 ord] to remove su* h9drances1 x 0 necess>y = ,*ri/ to suff]1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #df1 ,a4 #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s ,passion has a special effect1 :i* ,8 prec$+ m]its did n possess1 n on acc\nt ( great] *>ity1 b because ( ! nature ( ! "w1 :i* 0 suitable = su* an effect1 z is cle> f ! argum5ts br\ght =w>d above all ! fitt+ness ( ,*ri/'s ,passion 7,q4 #df1 ,,aa1 #c1 #d74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dh1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,passion ,br\ght ,ab\t ,our ,salvation by ,way ( ,atonem5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,passion did n br+ ab\t our salvation by way ( atonem5t4 ,= x seems t to make ! atonem5t devolves on him :o commits ! s92 z is cle> 9 ! o!r p>ts ( p5ance1 because he :o has done ! wrong mu/ grieve ov] x & confess x4 ,b ,*ri/ nev] s9n$1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #b3bb3 ,:o did no s94 ,!re=e ,he made no atonem5t by ,8 p]sonal suff]+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no atonem5t is made to ano!r by committ+ a grav] (f5se4 ,b 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion ! grave/ ( all (f5ses 0 p]petrat$1 because ^? :o slew ,him s9n$ mo/ griev\sly1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #dg1 ,a4 #f74 ,consequ5tly x seems t atonem5t c\ld n be made to ,god by ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 atonem5t implies equality ) ! trespass1 s9ce x is an act ( ju/ice4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion does n appe> equal to all ! s9s ( ! human race1 because ,*ri/ did n suff] 9 ,8 ,godhead1 b 9 ,8 fle%1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #d3a3 ,*ri/ !re=e hav+ suff]$ 9 ! fle%4 ,n[ ! s\l1 :i* is ! subject ( s91 is ( great] acc\nt ?an ! fle%4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n atone = our s9s by ,8 ,passion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ps4 #fh3e7 9 ,*ri/'s p]son3 ,!n did ,i pay t :i* ,i took n away4 ,b he has n paid :o has n fully aton$4 ,!re=e x appe>s t ,*ri/ by ,8 suff]+ has fully aton$ = our s9s4 ,i answ] t1 ,he prop]ly atones = an (f5se :o (f]s some?+ :i* ! (f5d$ "o loves equally1 or ev5 m ?an he dete/$ ! (f5se4 ,b by suff]+ out ( love & ob$i5ce1 ,*ri/ gave m to ,god ?an 0 requir$ to comp5sate = ! (f5se ( ! :ole human race4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ( ! exce$+ *>ity f :i* ,he suff]$2 secondly1 on acc\nt ( ! dignity ( ,8 life :i* ,he laid d[n 9 atonem5t1 = x 0 ! life ( "o :o 0 ,god & man2 ?irdly1 on acc\nt ( ! ext5t ( ! ,passion1 & ! greatness ( ! grief endur$1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #df1 ,a4 #f74 ,& !re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 n only a suffici5t b a sup]abundant atonem5t = ! s9s ( ! human race2 accord+ to #a ,john #b3b3 ,he is ! propitiation = our s9s3 & n = ours only1 b also = ^? ( ! :ole _w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! head & memb]s are z "o my/ic p]son2 & !re=e ,*ri/'s satisfaction belongs to all ! fai?ful z be+ ,8 memb]s4 ,also1 9 s f> z any two m5 are "o 9 *>ity1 ! "o c atone = ! o!r z %all be %[n lat] 7,suppl41 ,q4 #ac1 ,a4 #b74 ,b ! same reason does n hold good ( confession & contrition1 because atonem5t consi/s 9 an outw>d action1 = :i* helps may be us$1 among :i* fri5ds are to be comput$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s love 0 great] ?an ,8 slay]s' malice3 & !re=e ! value ( ,8 ,passion 9 aton+ surpass$ ! murd]\s guilt ( ^? :o crucifi$ ,him3 s mu* s t ,*ri/'s suff]+ 0 suffici5t & sup]abundant atonem5t = ,8 murd]]'s crime4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! dignity ( ,*ri/'s fle% is n to be e/imat$ solely f ! nature ( fle%1 b also f ! ,p]son assum+ x--namely1 inasmu* z x 0 ,god's fle%1 ! result ( :i* 0 t x 0 ( inf9ite wor?4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dh1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,passion ,op]at$ by ,way ( ,sacrifice8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,passion did n op]ate by way ( sacrifice4 ,= ! tru? %\ld correspond ) ! figure4 ,b human fle% 0 nev] (f]$ up 9 ! sacrifices ( ! ,old ,law1 :i* 7 figures ( ,*ri/3 nay1 su* sacrifices 7 reput$ z impi\s1 accord+ to ,ps4 #aje3ch3 ,& !y %$ innoc5t blood3 ! blood ( _! sons & ( _! daught]s1 :i* !y sacrific$ to ! idols ( ,*anaan4 ,x seems !re=e t ,*ri/'s ,passion _c be call$ a sacrifice4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei x7 t a visible sacrifice is a sacram5t--t is1 a sacr$ sign--( an invisible sacrifice4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s ,passion is n a sign1 b r ! ?+ signifi$ by o!r signs4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s ,passion is n a sacrifice4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :oev] (f]s sacrifice p]=ms "s sacr$ rite1 z ! v ^w sacrifice %[s4 ,b ^? m5 :o slew ,*ri/ did n p]=m any sacr$ act1 b r wr\ght a great wrong4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 r a malefice ?an a sacrifice4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #e3b73 ,he deliv]$ ,himself up = u1 an oblation & a sacrifice to ,god = an odor ( sweetness4 ,i answ] t1 ,a sacrifice prop]ly s call$ is some?+ done = t honor :i* is prop]ly due to ,god1 9 ord] to appease ,him3 & h5ce x is t ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei x73 ,a true sacrifice is e good "w done 9 ord] t we may cl+ to ,god 9 holy fell[%ip1 yet ref]r$ to t consummation ( happ9ess :]e9 we c be truly bless$4 ,b1 z is add$ 9 ! same place1 ,*ri/ (f]$ ,himself up = u 9 ! ,passion3 & ?is volunt>y endur+ ( ! ,passion 0 mo/ acceptable to ,god1 z com+ f *>ity4 ,!re=e x is manife/ t ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 a true sacrifice4 ,moreov]1 z ,augu/9e says f>!r on 9 ! same book1 ! primitive sacrifices ( ! holy ,fa!rs 7 _m & v>i\s signs ( ?is true sacrifice1 "o be+ prefigur$ by _m1 9 ! same way z a s+le concept ( ?\ght is express$ 9 _m words1 9 ord] to comm5d x )\t t$i\sness3 &1 z ,augu/9e obs]ve1 7,de ,tr94 iv71 s9ce !re are f\r ?+s to be not$ 9 e sacrifice--to wit1 to :om x is (f]$1 by :om x is (f]$1 :at is (f]$1 & = :om x is (f]$--t ! same "o true ,m$iator reconcil+ u ) ,god ?r\gh ! peace-sacrifice might cont9ue to be "o ) ,him to :om ,he (f]$ x1 might be "o ) !m = :om ,he (f]$ x1 & might ,himself be ! (f]] & :at ,he (f]$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ! tru? answ]s to ! figure 9 "s respects1 yet x does n 9 all1 s9ce ! tru? mu/ g beyond ! figure4 ,!re=e ! figure ( ?is sacrifice1 9 :i* ,*ri/'s fle% is (f]$1 0 fle% "r fitt+ly1 n ! fle% ( m51 b ( animals1 z d5ot+ ,*ri/'s4 ,& ?is is a mo/ p]fect sacrifice4 ,fir/ ( all1 s9ce be+ fle% ( human nature1 x is fitt+ly (f]$ = m51 & is p>tak5 ( by !m "u ! ,sacram5t4 ,secondly1 because be+ passible & mortal1 x 0 fit = immolation4 ,?irdly1 because1 be+ s9less1 x _h virtue to cleanse f s9s4 ,f\r?ly1 because1 be+ ! (f]]'s own fle%1 x 0 acceptable to ,god on acc\nt ( ,8 *>ity 9 (f]+ up ,8 own fle%4 ,h5ce x is t ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv73 ,:at else c\ld be s fitt+ly p>tak5 ( by m51 or (f]$ up = m51 z human fle%8 ,:at else c\ld be s appropriate = ?is immolation z mortal fle%8 ,:at else is !re s clean = cleans+ mortals z ! fle% born 9 ! womb )\t fle%ly concupisc5ce1 & com+ f a virg9al womb8 ,:at c\ld be s favorably (f]$ & accept$ z ! fle% ( our sacrifice1 :i* 0 made ! body ( our ,prie/8 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,augu/9e is speak+ !re ( visible figurative sacrifices3 & ev5 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 al?\gh d5ot$ by o!r figurative sacrifices1 is yet a sign ( some?+ to be obs]v$ by u1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #d3a3 ,*ri/ !re=e1 hav+ suff]$ 9 ! fle%1 be y also arm$ ) ! same ?\ght3 = he t ha? suff]$ 9 ! fle% ha? ceas$ f s9s3 t n[ he may live ! re/ ( 8 "t 9 ! fle%1 n aft] ! desires ( m51 b accord+ to ! w ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 inde$ a malefice on ,8 slay]s' "p2 b on ,8 own x 0 ! sacrifice ( "o suff]+ out ( *>ity4 ,h5ce x is ,*ri/ :o is said to h (f]$ ?is sacrifice1 & n ! execution]s4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dh1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,passion ,br\ght ,ab\t ,our ,salvation by ,way ( ,r$emption8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,passion did n effect our salvation by way ( r$emption4 ,= no "o pur*ases or r$eems :at nev] ceas$ to belong to him4 ,b m5 nev] ceas$ to belong to ,god accord+ to ,ps4 #bc3a3 ,! e>? is ! ,"l's & ! fulness !re(3 ! _w & all !y t dwell !re94 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ did n r$eem u by ,8 ,passion4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii73 ,! devil _h to be ov]?r[n by ,*ri/'s ju/ice4 ,b ju/ice requires t ! man :o has trea*]\sly seiz$ ano!r's prop]ty %all be depriv$ ( x1 because deceit & cunn+ %\ld n b5efit anyone1 z ev5 human laws decl>e4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce ! devil by trea*]y deceiv$ & subjugat$ to himself man1 :o is ,god's creature1 x seems t man ought n to be rescu$ f 8 p[] by way ( r$emption4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :oev] buys or r$eems an object pays ! price to ! hold]4 ,b x 0 n to ! devil1 :o held u 9 bondage1 t ,*ri/ paid ,8 blood z ! price ( our r$emption4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n r$eem u by ,8 ,passion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7#a ,pet4 #a3ah73 ,y 7 n r$eem$ ) corruptible ?+s z gold or silv] f y\r va9 conv]sation ( ! tradition ( y\r fa!rs3 b ) ! preci\s blood ( ,*ri/1 z ( a lamb unspott$ & undefil$4 ,& 7,gal4 #c3ac73 ,*ri/ ha? r$eem$ u f ! curse ( ! law1 be+ made a curse = u4 ,n[ ,he is said to be a curse = u inasmu* z ,he suff]$ ^u ! tree1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #df1 ,a4 #d74 ,!re=e ,he did r$eem u by ,8 ,passion4 ,i answ] t1 ,man 0 held captive on acc\nt ( s9 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all1 by ! bondage ( s91 because 7,john #h3cd73 ,:osoev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant ( s92 & 7#b ,pet4 #b3ai73 ,by :om a man is ov]come1 ( ! same also he is ! slave4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! devil _h ov]come man by induc+ him to s91 man 0 subject to ! devil's bondage4 ,secondly1 z to ! debt ( puni%m5t1 to ! paym5t ( :i* man 0 held fa/ by ,god's ju/ice3 & ?is1 too1 is a k9d ( bondage1 s9ce x savors ( bondage = a man to suff] :at he does n wi%1 j z x is ! free man's condition to apply himself to :at he wills4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 a suffici5t & a sup]abundant atonem5t = ! s9 & ! debt ( ! human race1 x 0 z a price at ! co/ ( :i* we 7 fre$ f bo? obligations4 ,= ! atonem5t by :i* "o satisfies = self or ano!r is call$ ! price1 by :i* he ransoms himself or someone else f s9 & its p5alty1 accord+ to ,dan4 #d3bd3 ,r$eem ?\ ?y s9s ) alms4 ,n[ ,*ri/ made satisfaction1 n by giv+ money or any?+ ( ! sort1 b by be/[+ :at 0 ( greate/ price--,himself--= u4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion is call$ our r$emption4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,man is said to belong to ,god 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 9 s f> z he comes "u ,god's p[]3 9 :i* way he nev] ceas$ to belong to ,god2 accord+ to ,dan4 #d3bb3 ,! ,mo/ ,high rule? ov] ! k+dom ( m51 & give? x to :omsoev] he w4 ,secondly1 by be+ unit$ to ,him 9 *>ity1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3i3 ,if any man h n ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 he is none ( ,84 ,9 ! fir/ way1 !n1 man nev] ceas$ to belong to ,god1 b 9 ! second way he did cease because ( s94 ,& !re=e 9 s f> z he 0 deliv]$ f s9 by ! satisfaction ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 he is said to be r$eem$ by ! ,passion ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,man by s9n+ became ! bondsman bo? ( ,god & ( ! devil4 ,?r\gh guilt he _h (f5d$ ,god1 & put himself "u ! devil by cons5t+ to him2 consequ5tly he did n become ,god's s]vant on acc\nt ( 8 guilt1 b r1 by )draw+ f ,god's s]vice1 he1 by ,god's j p]mission1 fell "u ! devil's s]vitude on acc\nt ( ! (f5se p]petrat$4 ,b z to ! p5alty1 man 0 *iefly b\nd to ,god z 8 sov]eign judge1 & to ! devil z 8 tortur]1 accord+ to ,matt4 #e3be3 ,le/ p]haps ! adv]s>y deliv] !e to ! judge1 & ! judge deliv] !e to ! (fic]--t is1 to ! rel5tless av5g+ angel1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xi74 ,consequ5tly1 al?\gh1 aft] deceiv+ man1 ! devil1 s f> z 9 him lay1 held him unju/ly 9 bondage z to bo? s9 & p5alty1 /ill x 0 j t man %\ld suff] x1 ,god s p]mitt+ x z to ! s9 & orda9+ x z to ! p5alty4 ,& !re=e ju/ice requir$ man's r$emption ) reg>d to ,god1 b n ) reg>d to ! devil4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,because1 ) reg>d to ,god1 r$emption 0 necess>y = man's deliv]ance1 b n ) reg>d to ! devil1 ! price _h to be paid n to ! devil1 b to ,god4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/ is said to h paid ! price ( our r$emption--,8 own preci\s blood--n to ! devil1 b to ,god4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dh1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,x ,is ,prop] to ,*ri/ to ,be ! ,r$eem]8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x is n prop] to ,*ri/ to be ! ,r$eem]1 because x is writt5 7,ps4 #cj3f73 ,?\ ha/ r$eem$ me1 ,o ,"l1 ! ,god ( ,tru?4 ,b to be ! ,"l ,god ( ,tru? belongs to ! entire ,tr9ity4 ,!re=e x is n prop] to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 he is said to r$eem :o pays ! price ( r$emption4 ,b ,god ! ,fa!r gave ,8 ,son 9 r$emption = our s9s1 z is writt5 7,ps4 #aaj3i73 ,! ,"l ha? s5t r$emption to ,8 p1 ^u :i* ! gloss adds1 t is1 ,*ri/1 :o gives r$emption to captives4 ,!re=e n only ,*ri/1 b ! ,fa!r also1 r$eem$ u4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 n only ,*ri/'s ,passion1 b also t ( o!r sa9ts conduc$ to our salvation1 accord+ to ,col4 #a3bd3 ,i n[ rejoice 9 my suff]+s = y1 & fill up ^? ?+s t are want+ ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 9 my fle% = ,8 body1 :i* is ! ,*ur*4 ,!re=e ! title ( ,r$eem] belongs n only to ,*ri/1 b also to ! o!r sa9ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,gal4 #c3ac73 ,*ri/ r$eem$ u f ! curse ( ! ,law1 be+ made a curse = u4 ,b only ,*ri/ 0 made a curse = u4 ,!re=e only ,*ri/ ought to be call$ our ,r$eem]4 ,i answ] t1 ,= someone to r$eem1 two ?+s are requir$--namely1 ! act ( pay+ & ! price paid4 ,= if 9 r$eem+ some?+ a man pays a price :i* is n 8 own1 b ano!r's1 he is n said to be ! *ief r$eem]1 b r ! o!r is1 ^: price x is4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s blood or ,8 bodily life1 :i* is 9 ! blood1 is ! price ( our r$emption 7,lev4 #ag3aa1 #ad71 & t life ,he paid4 ,h5ce bo? ( ^! belong imm$iately to ,*ri/ z man2 b to ! ,tr9ity z to ! fir/ & remote cause1 to :om ,*ri/'s life belong$ z to its fir/ au?or1 & f :om ,*ri/ receiv$ ! inspiration ( suff]+ = u4 ,consequ5tly x is prop] to ,*ri/ z man to be ! ,r$eem] imm$iately2 al?\gh ! r$emption may be ascrib$ to ! :ole ,tr9ity z its fir/ cause4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,a gloss expla9s ! text ?us3 ,?\1 ,o ,"l ,god ( ,tru?1 ha/ r$eem$ me 9 ,*ri/1 cry+ out1 ',"l1 into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s4' ,& s r$emption belongs imm$iately to ! ,man-,*ri/1 b pr9cipally to ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,man-,*ri/ paid ! price ( our r$emption imm$iately1 b at ! comm& ( ! ,fa!r z ! orig9al au?or4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! suff]+s ( ! sa9ts are b5eficial to ! ,*ur*1 z by way1 n ( r$emption1 b ( example & exhortation1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #a3f3 ,:e!r we be 9 tribulation1 x is = y\r exhortation & salvation4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #dh1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,passion ,br\ght ,ab\t ,our ,salvation ,effici5tly8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,passion did n br+ ab\t our salvation effici5tly4 ,= ! effici5t cause ( our salvation is ! greatness ( ! ,div9e p[]1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ei3a3 ,behold ! h& ( ! ,"l is n %ort5$ t x _c save4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ ?r\gh weakness1 z x is writt5 7#b ,cor4 #ac3d74 ,!re=e1 ,*ri/'s ,passion did n br+ ab\t our salvation effici5tly4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no corporeal ag5cy acts effici5tly except by contact3 h5ce ev5 ,*ri/ cleans$ ! lep] by t\*+ him 9 ord] to %[ t ,8 fle% _h sav+ p[]1 z ,*ryso/om 99,!ophylact1 ,en>r4 9 ,luc4 says4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion c\ld n t\* all mank9d4 ,!re=e x c\ld n effici5tly br+ ab\t ! salvation ( all m54 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x does n seem to be consi/5t = ! same ag5t to op]ate by way ( m]it & by way ( effici5cy1 s9ce he :o m]its awaits ! result f someone else4 ,b x 0 by way ( m]it t ,*ri/'s ,passion accompli%$ our salvation4 ,!re=e x 0 n by way ( effici5cy4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #a3ah7 t ! ^w ( ! cross to !m t are sav$ 4 4 4 is ! p[] ( ,god4 ,b ,god's p[] br+s ab\t our salvation effici5tly4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion on ! cross accompli%$ our salvation effici5tly4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re is a tw(old effici5t ag5cy--namely1 ! pr9cipal & ! in/rum5tal4 ,n[ ! pr9cipal effici5t cause ( man's salvation is ,god4 ,b s9ce ,*ri/'s humanity is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #dc1 ,a4 #b71 !re=e all ,*ri/'s actions & suff]+s op]ate in/rum5tally 9 virtue ( ,8 ,godhead = ! salvation ( m54 ,consequ5tly1 !n1 ,*ri/'s ,passion accompli%es man's salvation effici5tly4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s ,passion 9 relation to ,8 fle% is consi/5t ) ! infirmity :i* ,he took ^u ,himself1 b 9 relation to ! ,godhead x draws inf9ite might f ,x1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #a3be3 ,! weakness ( ,god is /rong] ?an m52 because ,*ri/'s weakness1 inasmu* z ,he is ,god1 has a might exce$+ all human p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 al?\gh corporeal1 has yet a spiritual effect f ! ,godhead unit$3 & !re=e x secures its efficacy by spiritual contact--namely1 by fai? & ! sacram5ts ( fai?1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #c3be73 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ z x is comp>$ ) ,8 ,godhead1 op]ates 9 an effici5t mann]3 b 9 s f> z x is comp>$ ) ! w ( ,*ri/'s s\l x acts 9 a m]itori\s mann]3 consid]$ z be+ )9 ,*ri/'s v fle%1 x acts by way ( satisfaction1 inasmu* z we are lib]at$ by x f ! debt ( puni%m5t2 :ile inasmu* z we are fre$ f ! s]vitude ( guilt1 x acts by way ( r$emption3 b 9 s f> z we are reconcil$ ) ,god x acts by way ( sacrifice1 z %all be %[n f>!r on 7,q4 #di74 ,,"q #di ,,( ,,! ,,effects ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,passion 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] :at are ! effects ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 conc]n+ :i* !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r we 7 fre$ f s9 by ,*ri/'s ,passion8 7#b7 ,:e!r we 7 !reby deliv]$ f ! p[] ( ! devil8 7#c7 ,:e!r we 7 fre$ !reby f our debt ( puni%m5t8 7#d7 ,:e!r we 7 !reby reconcil$ ) ,god8 7#e7 ,:e!r heav5's gate 0 op5$ to u !reby8 7#f7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ d]iv$ exaltation f x8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #di1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,we ,7 ,deliv]$ f ,s9 ,?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t we 7 n deliv]$ f s9 ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= to deliv] f s9 belongs to ,god alone1 accord+ to ,isa4 #dc3be3 ,i am ,he :o blot out y\r iniquities = ,my own sake4 ,b ,*ri/ did n suff] z ,god1 b z man4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion did n free u f s94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is corporeal does n act ^u :at is spiritual4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion is corporeal1 :]eas s9 exi/s 9 ! s\l1 :i* is a spiritual creature4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion c\ld n cleanse u f s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 "o _c be purg$ f a s9 n yet committ$1 b :i* %all be committ$ h]eaft]4 ,s9ce1 !n1 _m s9s h be5 committ$ s9ce ,*ri/'s dea?1 & are be+ committ$ daily1 x seems t we 7 n deliv]$ f s9 by ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 giv5 an effici5t cause1 no?+ else is requir$ = produc+ ! effect4 ,b o!r ?+s besides are requir$ = ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 su* z baptism & p5ance4 ,consequ5tly x seems t ,*ri/'s ,passion is n ! suffici5t cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,prov4 #aj3ab73 ,*>ity cov]e? all s9s2 & 7,prov4 #ae3bg73 ,by m]cy & fai?1 s9s are purg$ away4 ,b !re are _m o!r ?+s ( :i* we h fai?1 & :i* excite *>ity4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion is n ! prop] cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,apoc4 #a3e73 ,he lov$ u1 & wa%$ u f our s9s 9 ,8 own blood4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s ,passion is ! prop] cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 by way ( excit+ our *>ity1 because1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3h73 ,god comm5de? ,8 *>ity t[>ds u3 because :5 z yet we 7 s9n]s1 accord+ to ! "t1 ,*ri/ di$ = u4 ,b x is by *>ity t we procure p>don ( our s9s1 accord+ to ,luke #g3dg3 ,_m s9s are =giv5 h] because %e ha? lov$ mu*4 ,secondly1 ,*ri/'s ,passion causes =giv5ess ( s9s by way ( r$emption4 ,= s9ce ,he is our head1 !n1 by ! ,passion :i* ,he endur$ f love & ob$i5ce1 ,he deliv]$ u z ,8 memb]s f our s9s1 z by ! price ( ,8 ,passion3 9 ! same way z if a man by ! good indu/ry ( 8 h&s 7 to r$eem himself f a s9 committ$ ) 8 feet4 ,=1 j z ! natural body is "o ?\gh made up ( div]se memb]s1 s ! :ole ,*ur*1 ,*ri/'s my/ic body1 is reckon$ z "o p]son ) its head1 :i* is ,*ri/4 ,?irdly1 by way ( effici5cy1 inasmu* z ,*ri/'s fle%1 :]e9 ,he endur$ ! ,passion1 is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead1 s t ,8 suff]+s & actions op]ate ) ,div9e p[] = expell+ s94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ did n suff] z ,god1 nev]!less ,8 fle% is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead2 & h5ce x is t ,8 ,passion has a k9d ( ,div9e ,p[] ( ca/+ out s91 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion is corporeal1 /ill x d]ives a k9d ( spiritual en]gy f ! ,godhead1 to :i* ! fle% is unit$ z an in/rum5t3 & accord+ to ?is p[] ,*ri/'s ,passion is ! cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ by ,8 ,passion deliv]$ u f our s9s causally--t is1 by sett+ up ! cause ( our deliv]ance1 f :i* cause all s9s :atsoev]1 pa/1 pres5t1 or to come1 c\ld be =giv53 j z if a doctor 7 to prep>e a m$ic9e by :i* all sicknesses c be cur$ ev5 9 future4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z /at$ above1 s9ce ,*ri/'s ,passion prec$$1 z a k9d ( univ]sal cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 x ne$s to be appli$ to ea* individual = ! cleans+ ( p]sonal s9s4 ,n[ ?is is done by baptism & p5ance & ! o!r sacram5ts1 :i* d]ive _! p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 z %all be %[n lat] 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e74 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,*ri/'s ,passion is appli$ to u ev5 ?r\gh fai?1 t we may %>e 9 its fruits1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3be3 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4 ,b ! fai? ?r\gh :i* we are cleans$ f s9 is n lifeless fai?1 :i* c exi/ ev5 ) s91 b fai? liv+ ?r\gh *>ity2 t ?us ,*ri/'s ,passion may be appli$ to u1 n only z to our m9ds1 b also z to our he>ts4 ,& ev5 9 ?is way s9s are =giv5 ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! ,passion ( ,*ri/4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #di1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,we ,7 ,deliv]$ f ! ,devil's ,p[] ,?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t we 7 n deliv]$ f ! p[] ( ! devil ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= he has no p[] ov] o!rs1 :o c d no?+ to !m )\t ! sanction ( ano!r4 ,b )\t ! ,div9e p]mission ! devil c\ld nev] d hurt to any man1 z is evid5t 9 ! in/ance ( ,job 7#a1 #b71 :]e1 by p[] receiv$ f ,god1 ! devil fir/ injur$ him 9 8 possessions1 & aft]w>ds 9 8 body4 ,9 l mann] x is /at$ 7,matt4 #h3ca1 #cb7 t ! devils c\ld n ent] into ! sw9e except ) ,*ri/'s leave4 ,!re=e ! devil nev] _h p[] ov] m53 & h5ce we are n deliv]$ f 8 p[] ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! devil ex]cises 8 p[] ov] m5 by tempt+ !m & mole/+ _! bodies4 ,b ev5 aft] ! ,passion he cont9ues to d ! same to m54 ,!re=e we are n deliv]$ f 8 p[] ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! might ( ,*ri/'s ,passion endures = ev]1 z1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aj3ad3 ,by "o oblation ,he ha? p]fect$ = ev] !m t are sanctifi$4 ,b deliv]ance f ! devil's p[] is n f\nd ev]y:]e1 s9ce !re are /ill idolat]s 9 _m regions ( ! _w2 nor w x endure = ev]1 because 9 ! "t ( ,anti*ri/ he w be especially active 9 us+ 8 p[] to ! hurt ( m52 because x is said ( him 7#b ,!ss4 #b3i73 ,^: com+ is accord+ to ! work+ ( ,satan1 9 all p[]1 & signs1 & ly+ wond]s1 & 9 all s$uction ( iniquity4 ,consequ5tly x seems t ,*ri/'s ,passion is n ! cause ( ! human race be+ deliv]$ f ! p[] ( ! devil4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,john #ab3ca71 :5 ,8 ,passion 0 draw+ nigh3 ,n[ %all ! pr9ce ( ?is _w be ca/ out2 & ,i1 if ,i be lift$ up f ! e>?1 w draw all ?+s to ,myself4 ,n[ ,he 0 lift$ up f ! e>? by ,8 ,passion on ! cross4 ,!re=e by ,8 ,passion ! devil 0 depriv$ ( 8 p[] ov] man4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re are ?ree ?+s to be consid]$ reg>d+ ! p[] :i* ! devil ex]cis$ ov] m5 previ\s to ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,! fir/ is on man's own "p1 :o by 8 s9 des]v$ to be deliv]$ ov] to ! devil's p[]1 & 0 ov]come by 8 tempt+4 ,ano!r po9t is on ,god's "p1 :om man _h (f5d$ by s9n+1 & :o ) ju/ice left man "u ! devil's p[]4 ,! ?ird is on ! devil's "p1 :o out ( 8 mo/ wick$ w h9d]$ man f secur+ 8 salvation4 ,z to ! fir/ po9t1 by ,*ri/'s ,passion man 0 deliv]$ f ! devil's p[]1 9 s f> z ! ,passion is ! cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,z to ! second1 x mu/ be said t ,*ri/'s ,passion fre$ u f ! devil's p[]1 inasmu* z x reconcil$ u ) ,god1 z %all be %[n lat] 7,a4 #d74 ,b z to ! ?ird1 ,*ri/'s ,passion deliv]$ u f ! devil1 inasmu* z 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion he exce$$ ! limit ( p[] assign$ him by ,god1 by conspir+ to br+ ab\t ,*ri/'s dea?1 ,:o1 be+ s9less1 did n des]ve to die4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xiii1 cap4 xiv73 ,! devil 0 vanqui%$ by ,*ri/'s ju/ice3 because1 :ile discov]+ 9 ,him no?+ des]v+ ( dea?1 nev]!less he slew ,him4 ,& x is c]ta9ly j t ! debtors :om he held captive %\ld be set at lib]ty s9ce !y believ$ 9 ,him :om ! devil slew1 ?\gh ,he 0 no debtor4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! devil is said to h _h su* p[] ov] m5 n z ?\gh he 7 able to injure !m )\t ,god's sanction1 b because he 0 ju/ly p]mitt$ to injure m5 :om by tempt+ he _h induc$ to give cons5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,god s p]mitt+ x1 ! devil c /ill tempt m5's s\ls & h>ass _! bodies3 yet !re is a rem$y provid$ = man ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :]eby he c safegu>d himself aga9/ ! enemy's assaults1 s z n to be dragg$ d[n into ! de/ruction ( ev]la/+ dea?4 ,& all :o resi/$ ! devil previ\s to ! ,passion 7 enabl$ to d s ?r\gh fai? 9 ! ,passion1 al?\gh x 0 n yet accompli%$4 ,yet 9 "o respect no "o 0 able to escape ! devil's h&s1 i4e4 s z n to desc5d into hell4 ,b aft] ,*ri/'s ,passion1 m5 c def5d !mselves f ?is by its p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,god p]mits ! devil to deceive m5 by c]ta9 p]sons1 & 9 times & places1 accord+ to ! hidd5 motive ( ,8 judgm5ts2 /ill1 !re is always a rem$y provid$ ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion1 = def5d+ !mselves aga9/ ! wick$ sn>es ( ! demons1 ev5 9 ,anti*ri/'s "t4 ,b if any man neglect to make use ( ?is rem$y1 x detracts no?+ f ! efficacy ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #di1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,m5 ,7 ,fre$ f ! ,puni%m5t ( ,s9 ,?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t m5 7 n fre$ f ! puni%m5t ( s9 by ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= ! *ief puni%m5t ( s9 is et]nal damnation4 ,b ^? damn$ 9 hell = _! s9s 7 n set free by ,*ri/'s ,passion1 because 9 hell !re is no r$emption 99,(fice ( ! ,dead1 ,resp4 vii4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,*ri/'s ,passion did n deliv] m5 f ! puni%m5t ( s94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no puni%m5t %\ld be impos$ ^u !m :o are deliv]$ f ! debt ( puni%m5t4 ,b a satisfactory puni%m5t is impos$ ^u p5it5ts4 ,consequ5tly1 m5 7 n fre$ f ! debt ( puni%m5t by ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 dea? is a puni%m5t ( s91 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3bc3 ,! wages ( s9 is dea?4 ,b m5 /ill die aft] ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,!re=e x seems t we h n be5 deliv]$ f ! debt ( puni%m5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3d73 ,surely ,he ha? borne our iniquities & c>ri$ our sorr[s4 ,i answ] t1 ,?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion we h be5 deliv]$ f ! debt ( puni%m5t 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 directly--namely1 inasmu* z ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 suffici5t & sup]abundant satisfaction = ! s9s ( ! :ole human race3 b :5 suffici5t satisfaction has be5 paid1 !n ! debt ( puni%m5t is aboli%$4 ,9 ano!r way--indirectly1 t is to say--9 s f> z ,*ri/'s ,passion is ! cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s91 ^u :i* ! debt ( puni%m5t re/s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s ,passion works its effect 9 !m to :om x is appli$1 ?r\gh fai? & *>ity & ! sacram5ts ( fai?4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 ! lo/ 9 hell _c avail !mselves ( its effects1 s9ce !y are n unit$ to ,*ri/ 9 ! a=esaid mann]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #d1 #e71 9 ord] to secure ! effects ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 we mu/ be lik5$ unto ,him4 ,n[ we are lik5$ unto ,him sacram5tally 9 ,baptism1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3d3 ,= we are buri$ toge!r ) ,him by baptism into dea?4 ,h5ce no puni%m5t ( satisfaction is impos$ ^u m5 at _! baptism1 s9ce !y are fully deliv]$ by ,*ri/'s satisfaction4 ,b because1 z x is writt5 7#a ,pet4 #c3ah71 ,*ri/ di$ b once = our s9s1 !re=e a man _c a second "t be lik5$ unto ,*ri/'s dea? by ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,h5ce x is necess>y t ^? :o s9 aft] ,baptism be lik5$ unto ,*ri/ suff]+ by "s =m ( puni%m5t or suff]+ :i* !y endure 9 _! own p]son2 yet1 by ! co-op]ation ( ,*ri/'s satisfaction1 mu* light] p5alty suffices ?an "o t is proportionate to ! s94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s satisfaction works its effect 9 u inasmu* z we are incorporat$ ) ,him1 z ! memb]s ) _! head1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,n[ ! memb]s mu/ be con=m$ to _! head4 ,consequ5tly1 z ,*ri/ fir/ _h grace 9 ,8 s\l ) bodily passibility1 & ?r\gh ! ,passion atta9$ to ! glory ( immortality1 s we likewise1 :o are ,8 memb]s1 are fre$ by ,8 ,passion f all debt ( puni%m5t1 yet s t we fir/ receive 9 our s\ls ! _s ( adoption ( sons1 :]eby our names are writt5 d[n = ! inh]itance ( immortal glory1 :ile we yet h a passible & mortal body3 b aft]w>ds1 be+ made con=mable to ! suff]+s & dea? ( ,*ri/1 we are br\ght into immortal glory1 accord+ to ! say+ ( ! ,apo/le 7,rom4 #h3ag73 ,& if sons1 heirs also3 heirs inde$ ( ,god1 & jo9t heirs ) ,*ri/2 yet s if we suff] ) ,him1 t we may be also glorifi$ ) ,him4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #di1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,we ,7 ,reconcil$ to ,god ,?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t we 7 n reconcil$ to ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= !re is no ne$ ( reconciliation betwe5 fri5ds4 ,b ,god always lov$ u1 accord+ to ,wis4 #aa3be3 ,?\ love/ all ! ?+s t are1 & hate/ none ( ! ?+s :i* ,?\ ha/ made4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion did n reconcile u to ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! same ?+ _c be cause & effect3 h5ce grace1 :i* is ! cause ( m]it+1 does n come "u m]it4 ,b ,god's love is ! cause ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ to ,john #c3af3 ,god s lov$ ! _w1 z to give ,8 only-begott5 ,son4 ,x does n appe>1 !n1 t we 7 reconcil$ to ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion1 s t ,he began to love u anew4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 complet$ by m5 slay+ ,him2 & !reby !y (f5d$ ,god griev\sly4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion is r ! cause ( wra? ?an ( reconciliation to ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3aj73 ,we are reconcil$ to ,god by ! dea? ( ,8 ,son4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s ,passion is 9 two ways ! cause ( our reconciliation to ,god4 ,9 ! fir/ way1 inasmu* z x takes away s9 by :i* m5 became ,god's enemies1 accord+ to ,wis4 #ad3i3 ,to ,god ! wick$ & 8 wick$ness are hateful alike2 & ,ps4 #e3g3 ,?\ hate/ all ! work]s ( iniquity4 ,9 ano!r way1 inasmu* z x is a mo/ acceptable sacrifice to ,god4 ,n[ x is ! prop] effect ( sacrifice to appease ,god3 j z man likewise ov]looks an (f5se committ$ aga9/ him on acc\nt ( "s pleas+ act ( homage %[n him4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7#a ,k+s #bf3ai73 ,if ! ,"l /ir !e up aga9/ me1 let ,him accept ( sacrifice4 ,& 9 l fa%ion ,*ri/'s volunt>y suff]+ 0 su* a good act t1 because ( its be+ f\nd 9 human nature1 ,god 0 appeas$ = e (f5se ( ! human race ) reg>d to ^? :o are made "o ) ! crucifi$ ,*ri/ 9 ! a=esaid mann] 7,a4 #a1 ad #d74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,god loves all m5 z to _! nature1 :i* ,he ,himself made2 yet ,he hates !m ) respect to ! crimes !y commit aga9/ ,him1 accord+ to ,ecclus4 #ab3c3 ,! ,highe/ hate? s9n]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ is n said to h reconcil$ u ) ,god1 z if ,god _h begun anew to love u1 s9ce x is writt5 7,j]4 #ca3c73 ,i h lov$ !e ) an ev]la/+ love2 b because ! s\rce ( hatr$ 0 tak5 away by ,*ri/'s ,passion1 bo? ?r\gh s9 be+ wa%$ away & ?r\gh comp5sation be+ made 9 ! %ape ( a m pleas+ (f]+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ri/'s slay]s 7 m51 s also 0 ! ,*ri/ sla94 ,n[ ! *>ity ( ! suff]+ ,*ri/ surpass$ ! wick$ness ( ,8 slay]s4 ,accord+ly ,*ri/'s ,passion prevail$ m 9 reconcil+ ,god to ! :ole human race ?an 9 provok+ ,him to wra?4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #di1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,op5$ ! ,gate ( ,heav5 to ,u by ,8 ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n op5 ! gate ( heav5 to u by ,8 ,passion4 ,= x is writt5 7,prov4 #aa3ah73 ,to him t s[e? ju/ice1 !re is a fai?ful rew>d4 ,b ! rew>d ( ju/ice is ! ent]+ into ! k+dom ( heav54 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ! holy ,fa!rs :o wr\ght works ( ju/ice1 obta9$ by fai? ! ent]+ into ! heav5ly k+dom ev5 )\t ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,consequ5tly ,*ri/'s ,passion is n ! cause ( ! op5+ ( ! gate ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,elias 0 caught up to heav5 previ\s to ,*ri/'s ,passion 7#d ,k+s #b74 ,b ! effect nev] prec$es ! cause4 ,!re=e x seems t ! op5+ ( heav5's gate is n ! result ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3af71 :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ ! heav5s 7 op5$ to ,him4 ,b ,8 baptism prec$$ ! ,passion4 ,consequ5tly ! op5+ ( heav5 is n ! result ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,mic4 #b3ac73 ,= ,he %all g up t %all op5 ! way be=e !m4 ,b to op5 ! way to heav5 seems to be no?+ else ?an to ?r[ op5 its gate4 ,!re=e x seems t ! gate ( heav5 0 op5$ to u1 n by ,*ri/'s ,passion1 b by ,8 ,asc5sion4 ,on ! contr>y1 is ! say+ ( ! ,apo/le 7,heb4 #aj3ai73 ,we h ,vulg43 'hav+ a' confid5ce 9 ! ent]+ into ! ,holies--t is1 ( ! heav5ly places--?r\gh ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,! %utt+ ( ! gate is ! ob/acle :i* h9d]s m5 f ent]+ 94 ,b x is on acc\nt ( s9 t m5 7 prev5t$ f ent]+ into ! heav5ly k+dom1 s9ce1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ce3h3 ,x %all be call$ ! holy way1 & ! unclean %all n pass ov] x4 ,n[ !re is a tw(old s9 :i* prev5ts m5 f ent]+ into ! k+dom ( heav54 ,! fir/ is common to ! :ole race1 = x is our fir/ p>5ts' s91 & by t s9 heav5's entrance is clos$ to man4 ,h5ce we read 9 ,g54 #c3bd t aft] our fir/ p>5ts' s9 ,god plac$ 4 4 4 *]ubim & a flam+ sword1 turn+ e way1 to keep ! way ( ! tree ( life4 ,! o!r is ! p]sonal s9 ( ea* "o ( u1 committ$ by our p]sonal act4 ,n[ by ,*ri/'s ,passion we h be5 deliv]$ n only f ! common s9 ( ! :ole human race1 bo? z to its guilt & z to ! debt ( puni%m5t1 = :i* ,he paid ! p5alty on our behalf2 b1 fur!rmore1 f ! p]sonal s9s ( individuals1 :o %>e 9 ,8 ,passion by fai? & *>ity & ! sacram5ts ( fai?4 ,consequ5tly1 !n ! gate ( heav5's k+dom is ?r[n op5 to u ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,?is is precisely :at ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #i3aa1 #ab73 ,*ri/ be+ come a high-prie/ ( ! good ?+s to come 4 4 4 by ,8 own blood ent]$ once into ! ,holies1 hav+ obta9$ et]nal r$emption4 ,& ?is is =e%ad[$ 7,num4 #ce3be1 #bh71 :]e x is said t ! slay]99 %all abide !re--t is to say1 9 ! city ( refuge--until ! dea? ( ! high-prie/1 t is ano9t$ ) ! holy oil3 b aft] he is dead1 !n %all he return home4 99,! ,septuag9t has 'slay]'1 ! ,vulgate1 'innoc5t'--i4e4 ! man :o has sla9 ')\t hatr$ & enmity'4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! holy ,fa!rs1 by do+ works ( ju/ice1 m]it$ to ent] into ! heav5ly k+dom1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aa3cc3 ,! sa9ts by fai? conqu]$ k+doms1 wr\ght ju/ice1 & ea* ( !m 0 !reby cleans$ f s91 s f> z ! cleans+ ( ! individual is conc]n$4 ,nev]!less ! fai? & righte\sness ( no "o ( !m suffic$ = remov+ ! b>ri] aris+ f ! guilt ( ! :ole human race3 b ?is 0 remov$ at ! co/ ( ,*ri/'s blood4 ,consequ5tly1 be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion no "o c\ld ent] ! k+dom ( heav5 by obta9+ ev]la/+ beatitude1 :i* consi/s 9 ! full enjoym5t ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,elias 0 tak5 up into ! atmosph]ic heav51 b n 9 to ! empyrean heav51 :i* is ! abode ( ! sa9ts3 & likewise ,eno* 0 translat$ into ! e>?ly p>adise1 :]e he is believ$ to live ) ,elias until ! com+ ( ,anti*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #e71 ! heav5s 7 op5$ at ,*ri/'s baptism1 n = ,*ri/'s sake1 to :om heav5 0 ev] op51 b 9 ord] to signify t heav5 is op5$ to ! baptiz$1 ?r\gh ,*ri/'s baptism1 :i* has its efficacy f ,8 ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/ by ,8 ,passion m]it$ = u ! op5+ ( ! k+dom ( heav51 & remov$ ! ob/acle2 b by ,8 asc5sion ,he1 z x 71 br\ght u to ! possession ( ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,& consequ5tly x is said t by asc5d+ ,he op5$ ! way be=e !m4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #di1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r by ,8 ,passion ,*ri/ ,m]it$ to ,be ,exalt$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ did n m]it to be exalt$ on acc\nt ( ,8 ,passion4 ,= em95ce ( rank belongs to ,god alone1 j z k ( tru?1 accord+ to ,ps4 #aab3d3 ,! ,"l is high above all nations1 & ,8 glory above ! heav5s4 ,b ,*ri/ z man _h ! k ( all tru?1 n on acc\nt ( any prec$+ m]it1 b f ! v union ( ,god & man1 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,we saw ,8 glory 4 4 4 z x 7 ( ! only-,begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & ( tru?4 ,!re=e nei!r _h ,he exaltation f ! m]it ( ! ,passion b f ! union alone4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ m]it$ = ,himself f ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #cd1 ,a4 #c74 ,b ,8 love 0 no great] dur+ ! ,passion ?an be=e4 ,!re=e1 s9ce *>ity is ! pr9ciple ( m]it1 x seems t ,he did n m]it exaltation f ! ,passion m ?an be=e4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! glory ( ! body comes f ! glory ( ! s\l1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,dioscor474 ,b by ,8 ,passion ,*ri/ did n m]it exaltation z to ! glory ( ,8 s\l1 because ,8 s\l 0 beatifi$ f ! fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception4 ,!re=e nei!r did ,he m]it exaltation1 z to ! glory ( ,8 body1 f ! ,passion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,phil4 #b3h73 ,he became ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross2 = :i* cause ,god also exalt$ ,him4 ,i answ] t1 ,m]it implies a c]ta9 equality ( ju/ice3 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #d3d73 ,n[ to him t worke?1 ! rew>d is reckon$ accord+ to debt4 ,b :5 anyone by reason ( 8 unju/ w ascribes to himself some?+ beyond 8 due1 x is only j t he be depriv$ ( some?+ else :i* is 8 due2 ?us1 :5 a man /eals a %eep he %all pay back f\r 7,ex4 #bb3a74 ,& he is said to des]ve x1 inasmu* z 8 unju/ w is *a/is$ !reby4 ,s likewise :5 any man ?r\gh 8 j w has /ripp$ himself ( :at he ought to h1 he des]ves t some?+ fur!r be grant$ to him z ! rew>d ( 8 j w4 ,& h5ce x is writt5 7,luke #ad3aa73 ,he t humble? himself %all be exalt$4 ,n[ 9 ,8 ,passion ,*ri/ humbl$ ,himself b5ea? ,8 dignity 9 f\r respects4 ,9 ! fir/ place z to ,8 ,passion & dea?1 to :i* ,he 0 n b\nd2 secondly1 z to ! place1 s9ce ,8 body 0 laid 9 a sepul*re & ,8 s\l 9 hell2 ?irdly1 z to ! %ame & mock]ies ,he endur$2 f\r?ly1 z to ,8 be+ deliv]$ up to man's p[]1 z ,he ,himself said to ,pilate 7,john #ai3aa73 ,?\ %\ld/ n h any p[] aga9/ ,me1 unless x 7 giv5 !e f above4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 ,he m]it$ a f\r-fold exaltation f ,8 ,passion4 ,fir/ ( all1 z to ,8 glori\s ,resurrection3 h5ce x is writt5 7,ps4 #ach3a73 ,?\ ha/ kn[n my sitt+ d[n--t is1 ! l[l9ess ( ,my ,passion--& ,my ris+ up4 ,secondly1 z to ,8 asc5sion into heav53 h5ce x is writt5 7,eph4 #d3i73 ,n[ t ,he asc5d$1 :at is x1 b because ,he also desc5d$ fir/ into ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?8 ,he t desc5d$ is ! same also t asc5d$ above all ! heav5s4 ,?irdly1 z to ! sitt+ on ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r & ! %[+ =? ( ,8 ,godhead1 accord+ to ,isa4 #eb3ac3 ,he %all be exalt$ & extoll$1 & %all be exce$+ high3 z _m h be5 a/oni%$ at him1 s %all ,8 visage be +lori\s among m54 ,moreov] 7,phil4 #b3h7 x is writt53 ,he humbl$ ,himself1 becom+ ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 to ! dea? ( ! cross3 = :i* cause also ,god ha? exalt$ ,him1 & ha? giv5 ,him a "n :i* is above all names--t is to say1 s t ,he %all be hail$ z ,god by all2 & all %all pay ,him homage z ,god4 ,& ?is is express$ 9 :at foll[s3 ,t 9 ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b[1 ( ^? t are 9 heav51 on e>?1 & "u ! e>?4 ,f\r?ly1 z to ,8 judici>y p[]3 = x is writt5 7,job #cf3ag73 ,?y cause ha? be5 judg$ z t ( ! wick$ cause & judgm5t ,?\ %alt recov]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! s\rce ( m]it+ comes ( ! s\l1 :ile ! body is ! in/rum5t ( ! m]itori\s "w4 ,& consequ5tly ! p]fection ( ,*ri/'s s\l1 :i* 0 ! s\rce ( m]it+1 ought n to be acquir$ 9 ,him by m]it1 l ! p]fection ( ! body1 :i* 0 ! subject ( suff]+1 & 0 !reby ! in/rum5t ( ,8 m]it4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ by ,8 previ\s m]its did m]it exaltation on behalf ( ,8 s\l1 ^: w 0 animat$ ) *>ity & ! o!r virtues2 b 9 ! ,passion ,he m]it$ ,8 exaltation by way ( recomp5se ev5 on behalf ( ,8 body3 s9ce x is only j t ! body1 :i* f *>ity 0 subject$ to ! ,passion1 %\ld receive recomp5se 9 glory4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x 0 ow+ to a special disp5sation 9 ,*ri/ t be=e ! ,passion ! glory ( ,8 s\l did n %9e out 9 ,8 body1 9 ord] t ,he might procure ,8 bodily glory ) great] honor1 :5 ,he _h m]it$ x by ,8 ,passion4 ,b x 0 n beseem+ = ! glory ( ,8 s\l to be po/pon$1 s9ce ! s\l 0 unit$ imm$iately ) ! ,^w2 h5ce x 0 beseem+ t its glory %\ld be fill$ by ! ,^w ,himself4 ,b ! body 0 unit$ ) ! ,^w ?r\gh ! s\l4 ,,"q #ej ,,( ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,*ri/ ,we h n[ to consid] ! dea? ( ,*ri/2 conc]n+ :i* !re are six subjects ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld die8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,8 dea? sev]$ ! union ( ,godhead & fle%8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,8 ,godhead 0 sep>at$ f ,8 s\l8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ 0 a man dur+ ! ?ree days ( ,8 dea?8 7#e7 ,:e!r ,8 0 ! same body1 liv+ & dead8 7#f7 ,:e!r ,8 dea? conduc$ 9 any way to our salvation8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ej1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,die8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld die4 ,= a fir/ pr9ciple 9 any ord] is n affect$ by any?+ contr>y to su* ord]3 ?us fire1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( heat1 c nev] become cold4 ,b ! ,son ( ,god is ! f\nta9-head & pr9ciple ( all life1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ce3aj3 ,) ,!e is ! f\nta9 ( life4 ,!re=e x does n seem fitt+ = ,*ri/ to die4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 dea? is a great] defect ?an sickness1 because x is ?r\gh sickness t "o comes to die4 ,b x 0 n beseem+ = ,*ri/ to langui% f sickness1 z ,*ryso/om 99,a?anasius1 ,orat4 de ,inc>n4 ,v]bi says4 ,consequ5tly1 nei!r 0 x becom+ = ,*ri/ to die4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l said 7,john #aj3aj73 ,i am come t !y may h life1 & may h x m abundantly4 ,b "o opposite does n lead to ano!r4 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r 0 x fitt+ = ,*ri/ to die4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt51 7,john #aa3ej73 ,x is exp$i5t t "o man %\ld die = ! p 4 4 4 t ! :ole nation p]i% n3 :i* words 7 spok5 prophetically by ,caiphas1 z ! ,evangeli/ te/ifies4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to die4 ,fir/ ( all to satisfy = ! :ole human race1 :i* 0 s5t5c$ to die on acc\nt ( s91 accord+ to ,g54 #b3ag3 ,9 :at day soev] ye %all ,vulg43 '?\ %alt' eat ( x ye %all ,vulg43 '?\ %alt' die ! dea?4 ,n[ x is a fitt+ way ( satisfy+ = ano!r to submit oneself to ! p5alty des]v$ by t o!r4 ,& s ,*ri/ resolv$ to die1 t by dy+ ,he might atone = u1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #c3ah3 ,*ri/ also di$ once = our s9s4 ,secondly1 9 ord] to %[ ! reality ( ! fle% assum$4 ,=1 z ,eusebius says 7,orat4 de ,laud4 ,con/ant4 xv71 if1 aft] dwell+ among m5 ,*ri/ 7 sudd5ly to disappe> f m5's sight1 z ?\gh %unn+ dea?1 !n by all m5 ,he w\ld be lik5$ to a phantom4 ,?irdly1 t by dy+ ,he might deliv] u f fe>+ dea?3 h5ce x is writt5 7,heb4 #b3ad1 #ae7 t ,he communicat$ to fle% & blood1 t ?r\gh dea? ,he might de/roy him :o _h ! empire ( dea? & might deliv] !m :o1 ?r\gh ! fe> ( dea?1 7 all _! lifetime subject to s]vitude4 ,f\r?ly1 t by dy+ 9 ! body to ! lik5ess ( s9--t is1 to its p5alty--,he might set u ! example ( dy+ to s9 spiritually4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #f3aj73 ,= 9 t ,he di$ to s91 ,he di$ once1 b 9 t ,he live?1 ,he live? unto ,god3 s d y also reckon t y are dead to s91 b alive unto ,god4 ,fif?ly1 t by ris+ f ! dead1 & manife/+ ,8 p[] :]eby ,he ov]?rew dea?1 ,he might in/ill into u ! hope ( ris+ f ! dead4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ab73 ,if ,*ri/ be prea*$ t ,he rose aga9 f ! dead1 h[ d "s among y say1 t !re is no resurrection f ! dead8 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ is ! f\nta9 ( life1 z ,god1 & n z man3 b ,he di$ z man1 & n z ,god4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e 99,vigilius ,taps5sis says aga9/ ,felician3 ,f> be x f u to suppose t ,*ri/ s felt dea? t ,he lo/ ,8 life inasmu* z ,he is life 9 ,himself2 =1 7 x s1 ! f\nta9 ( life w\ld h run dry4 ,accord+ly1 ,he exp]i5c$ dea? by %>+ 9 our human feel+1 :i* ( ,8 own accord ,he _h tak5 ^u ,himself1 b ,he did n lose ! p[] ( ,8 ,nature1 ?r\gh :i* ,he gives life to all ?+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ did n suff] dea? :i* comes ( sickness1 le/ ,he %\ld seem to die ( necessity f exhau/$ nature3 b ,he endur$ dea? inflict$ f )\t1 to :i* ,he will+ly surr5d]$ ,himself1 t ,8 dea? might be %[n to be a volunt>y "o4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,"o opposite does n ( itself lead to ! o!r1 yet x does s indirectly at times3 ?us cold sometimes is ! indirect cause ( heat3 & 9 ?is way ,*ri/ by ,8 dea? br\ght u back to life1 :5 by ,8 dea? ,he de/roy$ our dea?2 j z he :o be>s ano!r's puni%m5t takes su* puni%m5t away4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ej1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,godhead ,0 ,sep>at$ f ! ,fle% ,:5 ,*ri/ ,di$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,godhead 0 sep>at$ f ! fle% :5 ,*ri/ di$4 ,= z ,mat!w relates 7#bg3df71 :5 our ,"l 0 hang+ ^u ! cross ,he cri$ out3 ,my ,god1 ,my ,god1 :y ha/ ,?\ =sak5 ,me8 :i* words ,ambrose1 comm5t+ on ,luke #bc3df1 expla9s z foll[s3 ,! man cri$ out :5 ab\t to expire by be+ sev]$ f ! ,godhead2 = s9ce ! ,godhead is immune f dea?1 assur$ly dea? c\ld n be !re1 except life dep>t$1 = ! ,godhead is life4 ,& s x seems t :5 ,*ri/ di$1 ! ,godhead 0 sep>at$ f ,8 fle%4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 extremes are sev]$ :5 ! mean is remov$4 ,b ! s\l 0 ! mean ?r\gh :i* ! ,godhead 0 unit$ ) ! fle%1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #f1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e s9ce ! s\l 0 sev]$ f ! fle% by dea?1 x seems t1 9 consequ5ce1 ,8 ,godhead 0 also sep>at$ f x4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,god's life-giv+ p[] is great] ?an t ( ! s\l4 ,b ! body c\ld n die unless ! s\l quitt$ x4 ,!re=e1 mu* less c\ld x die unless ! ,godhead dep>t$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #af1 ,,aa4 #d1 #e71 ! attributes ( human nature are pr$icat$ ( ! ,son ( ,god only by reason ( ! union4 ,b :at belongs to ! body ( ,*ri/ aft] dea? is pr$icat$ ( ! ,son ( ,god--namely1 be+ buri$3 z is evid5t f ! ,cre$1 9 :i* x is said t ! ,son ( ,god 0 conceiv$ & born ( a ,virg91 suff]$1 di$1 & 0 buri$4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,godhead 0 n sep>at$ f ! fle% :5 ,he di$4 ,i answ] t1 ,:at is be/[$ ?r\gh ,god's grace is nev] )drawn except ?r\gh fault4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #aa3bi73 ,! gifts & ! call+ ( ,god are )\t rep5tance4 ,b ! grace ( union :]eby ! ,godhead 0 unit$ to ! fle% 9 ,*ri/'s ,p]son1 is great] ?an ! grace ( adoption :]eby o!rs are sanctifi$3 also x is m endur+ ( itself1 because ?is grace is orda9$ = p]sonal union1 :]eas ! grace ( adoption is ref]r$ to a c]ta9 affective union4 ,& yet we see t ! grace ( adoption is nev] lo/ )\t fault4 ,s9ce1 !n !re 0 no s9 9 ,*ri/1 x 0 impossible = ! union ( ! ,godhead ) ! fle% to be dissolv$4 ,consequ5tly1 z be=e dea? ,*ri/'s fle% 0 unit$ p]sonally & hypo/atically ) ! ,^w ( ,god1 x rema9$ s aft] ,8 dea?1 s t ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w ( ,god 0 n diff]5t f t ( ,*ri/'s fle% aft] dea?1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,su* =sak+ is n to be ref]r$ to ! dissolv+ ( ! p]sonal union1 b to ?is1 t ,god ! ,fa!r gave ,him up to ! ,passion3 h5ce !re to =sake means simply n to protect f p]secutors4 ,or else ,he says !re t ,he is =sak51 ) ref]5ce to ! pray] ,he _h made3 ,fa!r1 if x be possible1 let ?is *alice pass away f ,me1 z ,augu/9e expla9s x 7,de ,gratia ,novi ,te/474 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,^w ( ,god is said to be unit$ ) ! fle% ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s\l1 inasmu* z x is ?r\gh ! s\l t ! fle% belongs to human nature1 :i* ! ,son ( ,god int5d$ to assume2 b n z ?\gh ! s\l 7 ! m$ium l9k+ !m toge!r4 ,b x is due to ! s\l t ! fle% is human ev5 aft] ! s\l has be5 sep>at$ f x--namely1 inasmu* z by ,god's ord9ance !re rema9s 9 ! dead fle% a c]ta9 relation to ! resurrection4 ,& !re=e ! union ( ! ,godhead ) ! fle% is n tak5 away4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! s\l =mally possesses ! life-giv+ en]gy1 & !re=e1 :ile x is pres5t1 & unit$ =mally1 ! body mu/ necess>ily be a liv+ "o1 :]eas ! ,godhead has n ! life-giv+ en]gy =mally1 b effectively2 because ,x _c be ! =m ( ! body3 & !re=e x is n necess>y = ! fle% to be liv+ :ile ! union ( ! ,godhead ) ! fle% rema9s1 s9ce ,god does n act ( necessity1 b ( ,8 own w4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ej1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r 9 ,*ri/'s ,dea? ,!re ,0 a ,sev]ance ,betwe5 ,8 ,godhead & ,8 ,s\l8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 a sev]ance 9 dea? betwe5 ,*ri/'s ,godhead & ,8 s\l1 because our ,"l said 7,john #aj3ah73 ,no man take? away ,my s\l f ,me3 b ,i lay x d[n ( ,myself1 & ,i h p[] to lay x d[n1 & ,i h p[] to take x up aga94 ,b x does n appe> t ! body c set ! s\l aside1 by sep>at+ ! s\l f itself1 because ! s\l is n subject to ! p[] ( ! body1 b r conv]sely3 & s x appe>s t x belongs to ,*ri/1 z ! ,^w ( ,god1 to lay d[n ,8 s\l3 b ?is is to sep>ate x f ,himself4 ,consequ5tly1 by dea? ,8 s\l 0 sev]$ f ! ,godhead4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,a?anasius 99,vigilius ,taps5sis1 ,de ,tr94 vi2 ,b>d5hew] assigns x to ,/4 ,a?anasius3 #de1 iii4 ,! full title is ,de ,tr9itate et ,spiritu ,sancto says t he is accurs$ :o does n confess t ! entire man1 :om ! ,son ( ,god took to ,himself1 aft] be+ assum$ once m or deliv]$ by ,him1 rose aga9 f ! dead on ! ?ird day4 ,b ! entire man c\ld n be assum$ aga91 unless ! entire man 0 at "o "t sep>at$ f ! ,^w ( ,god3 & ! entire man is made ( s\l & body4 ,!re=e !re 0 a sep>ation made at "o "t ( ! ,godhead f bo? ! body & ! s\l4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,son ( ,god is truly /yl$ a man because ( ! union ) ! entire man4 ,if !n1 :5 ! union ( ! s\l ) ! body 0 dissolv$ by dea?1 ! ,^w ( ,god cont9u$ unit$ ) ! s\l1 x w\ld foll[ t ! ,son ( ,god c\ld be truly call$ a s\l4 ,b ?is is false1 because s9ce ! s\l is ! =m ( ! body1 x w\ld result 9 ! ,^w ( ,god be+ ! =m ( ! body2 :i* is impossible4 ,!re=e1 9 dea? ! s\l ( ,*ri/ 0 sep>at$ f ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! sep>at$ s\l & body are n "o hypo/asis1 b two4 ,!re=e1 if ! ,^w ( ,god rema9$ unit$ ) ,*ri/'s s\l & body1 !n1 :5 !y 7 sev]$ by ,*ri/'s dea?1 x seems to foll[ t ! ,^w ( ,god 0 two hypo/ases dur+ su* "t z ,*ri/ 0 dead2 :i* _c be admitt$4 ,!re=e aft] ,*ri/'s dea? ,8 s\l did n cont9ue to be unit$ ) ! ,^w4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ di$ z man1 & ,8 holy s\l 0 sep>at$ f ,8 spotless body1 nev]!less ,8 ,godhead rema9$ unsep>at$ f bo?--f ! s\l1 ,i mean1 & f ! body4 ,i answ] t1 ,! s\l is unit$ ) ! ,^w ( ,god m imm$iately & m prim>ily ?an ! body is1 because x is ?r\gh ! s\l t ! body is unit$ ) ! ,^w ( ,god1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #f1 ,a4 #a74 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! ,^w ( ,god 0 n sep>at$ f ! body at ,*ri/'s dea?1 mu* less 0 ,he sep>at$ f ! s\l4 ,accord+ly1 s9ce :at reg>ds ! body sev]$ f ! s\l is affirm$ ( ! ,son ( ,god--namely1 t x 0 buri$--s is x said ( ,him 9 ! ,cre$ t ,he desc5d$ into hell1 because ,8 s\l :5 sep>at$ f ! body did g d[n into hell4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,augu/9e 7,tract4 xlvii 9 ,joan471 9 comm5t+ on ! text ( ,john1 asks1 s9ce ,*ri/ is ,^w & s\l & body1 :e!r ,he putte? d[n ,8 s\l1 = t ,he is ! ,^w8 ,or1 = t ,he is a s\l8 ,or1 aga91 = t ,he is fle%8 ,& he says t1 %\ld we say t ! ,^w ( ,god laid d[n ,8 s\l 4 4 4 x w\ld foll[ t !re 0 a "t :5 t s\l 0 sev]$ f ! ,^w--:i* is untrue4 ,= dea? sev]$ ! body & s\l 4 4 4 b t ! s\l 0 sev]$ f ! ,^w ,i d n affirm 4 4 4 ,b %\ld we say t ! s\l laid itself d[n1 x foll[s t x is sev]$ f itself3 :i* is mo/ absurd4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 t ! fle% itself laye? d[n its s\l & take? x aga91 n by its own p[]1 b by ! p[] ( ! ,^w dwell+ 9 ! fle%3 because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 ! ,godhead ( ! ,^w 0 n sev]$ f ! fle% 9 dea?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ^? words ,a?anasius nev] meant to say t ! :ole man 0 reassum$--t is1 z to all 8 p>ts--z if ! ,^w ( ,god _h laid aside ! p>ts ( human nature by ,8 dea?2 b t ! totality ( ! assum$ nature 0 re/or$ once m 9 ! resurrection by ! resum$ union ( s\l & body4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?r\gh be+ unit$ to human nature1 ! ,^w ( ,god is n on t acc\nt call$ human nature3 b ,he is call$ a man--t is1 "o hav+ human nature4 ,n[ ! s\l & ! body are ess5tial p>ts ( human nature4 ,h5ce x does n foll[ t ! ,^w is a s\l or a body ?r\gh be+ unit$ ) bo?1 b t ,he is "o possess+ a s\l or a body4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,9 ,*ri/'s dea? ! s\l 0 sep>at$ f ! fle%3 n "o hypo/asis divid$ into two3 because bo? s\l & body 9 ! same respect _h _! exi/5ce f ! beg9n+ 9 ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w2 & 9 dea?1 ?\gh sev]$ f "o ano!r1 ea* "o cont9u$ to h ! "o same hypo/asis ( ! ,^w4 ,:]e=e ! "o hypo/asis ( ! ,^w 0 ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w1 ( ! s\l1 & ( ! body4 ,= nei!r s\l nor body ev] _h an hypo/asis ( its own1 besides ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w3 = !re 0 always "o hypo/asis ( ! ,^w1 & nev] two4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ej1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 a ,man ,dur+ ! ,?ree ,days ( ,8 ,dea?8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 a man dur+ ! ?ree days ( ,8 dea?1 because ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iii73 ,su* 0 ! assum+ ( nature z to make ,god to be man1 & man to be ,god4 ,b ?is assum+ ( nature did n cease at ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he did n cease to be a man 9 consequ5ce ( dea?4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 ix7 t ea* man is 8 intellect2 consequ5tly1 :5 we address ! s\l ( ,pet] aft] 8 dea? we say3 ,sa9t ,pet]1 pray = u4 ,b ! ,son ( ,god aft] dea? 0 n sep>at$ f ,8 intellectual s\l4 ,!re=e1 dur+ ^? ?ree days ! ,son ( ,god 0 a man4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 e prie/ is a man4 ,b dur+ ^? ?ree days ( dea? ,*ri/ 0 a prie/3 o!rwise :at is said 9 ,ps4 #aji3d w\ld n be true3 ,?\ art a prie/ = ev]4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 a man dur+ ^? ?ree days4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:5 ! high] species is remov$1 s is ! l[]4 ,b ! liv+ or animat$ be+ is a high] species ?an animal & man1 because an animal is a s5sible animat$ sub/ance4 ,n[ dur+ ^? ?ree days ( dea? ,*ri/'s body 0 n liv+ or animat$4 ,!re=e ,he 0 n a man4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is an article ( fai? t ,*ri/ 0 truly dead3 h5ce x is an error aga9/ fai? to ass]t any?+ :]eby ! tru? ( ,*ri/'s dea? is de/roy$4 ,accord+ly x is said 9 ! ,synodal epi/le ( ,cyril 99,act4 ,conc4 ,ephes4 ,p4 ,i1 cap4 xxvi3 ,if any man does n ackn[l$ge t ! ,^w ( ,god suff]$ 9 ! fle%1 & 0 crucifi$ 9 ! fle% & ta/$ dea? 9 ! fle%1 let him be ana!ma4 ,n[ x belongs to ! tru? ( ! dea? ( man or animal t by dea? ! subject ceases to be man or animal2 because ! dea? ( ! man or animal results f ! sep>ation ( ! s\l1 :i* is ! =mal complem5t ( ! man or animal4 ,consequ5tly1 to say t ,*ri/ 0 a man dur+ ! ?ree days ( ,8 dea? simply & )\t qualification1 is errone\s4 ,yet x c be said t ,he 0 a dead man dur+ ^? ?ree days4 ,h[ev]1 "s writ]s h cont5d$ t ,*ri/ 0 a man dur+ ^? ?ree days1 utt]+ words :i* are inde$ errone\s1 yet )\t int5t ( error 9 fai?3 z ,hugh ( ,sa9t ,victor1 :o 7,de ,sacram4 ii7 cont5d$ t ,*ri/1 dur+ ! ?ree days t foll[$ ,8 dea?1 0 a man1 because he held t ! s\l is a man3 b ?is is false1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,i1 ,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #d74 ,likewise ! ,ma/] ( ! ,s5t5ces 7iii1 ,d1 #bb7 held ,*ri/ to be a man dur+ ! ?ree days ( ,8 dea? = q ano!r reason4 ,= he believ$ ! union ( s\l & fle% n to be ess5tial to a man1 & t = any?+ to be a man x suffices if x h a s\l & body1 :e!r unit$ or sep>at$3 & t ?is is likewise false is cle> bo? f :at has be5 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,i1 ,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #d71 & f :at has be5 said above reg>d+ ! mode ( union 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #e74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,^w ( ,god assum$ a unit$ s\l & body3 & ! result ( ?is assumption 0 t ,god is man1 & man is ,god4 ,b ?is assumption did n cease by ! sep>ation ( ! ,^w f ! s\l or f ! fle%2 yet ! union ( s\l & fle% ceas$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,man is said to be 8 own intellect1 n because ! intellect is ! entire man1 b because ! intellect is ! *ief "p ( man1 9 :i* man's :ole disposition lies virtually2 j z ! rul] ( ! city may be call$ ! :ole city1 s9ce its entire disposal is ve/$ 9 him4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,t a man is compet5t to be a prie/ is by reason ( ! s\l1 :i* is ! subject ( ! "* ( ord]3 h5ce a man does n lose 8 prie/ly ord] by dea?1 & mu* less does ,*ri/1 :o is ! f\nt ( ! entire prie/hood4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ej1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,0 ,id5tically ! ,same ,body ,liv+ & ,dead8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s 0 n id5tically ! same body liv+ & dead4 ,= ,*ri/ truly di$ j z o!r m5 d4 ,b ! body ( ev]yone else is n simply id5tically ! same1 dead & liv+1 because !re is an ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,!re=e nei!r is ! body ( ,*ri/ id5tically ! same1 dead & liv+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,metaph4 v1 text4 #ab71 ?+s specifically div]se are also num]ically div]se4 ,b ,*ri/'s body1 liv+ & dead1 0 specifically div]se3 because ! eye or fle% ( ! dead is only call$ s equivocally1 z is evid5t f ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,anima ii1 text4 #i2 ,metaph4 vii74 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body 0 n simply id5tically ! same1 liv+ & dead4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 dea? is a k9d ( corruption4 ,b :at is corrupt$ by sub/antial corruption aft] be+ corrupt$1 exi/s no long]1 s9ce corruption is *ange f be+ to non-be+4 ,!re=e1 ,*ri/'s body1 aft] x 0 dead1 did n rema9 id5tically ! same1 because dea? is a sub/antial corruption4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,a?anasius says 7,epi/4 ad ,epict473 ,9 t body :i* 0 circumcis$ & c>ri$1 :i* ate1 & toil$1 & 0 nail$ on ! tree1 !re 0 ! impassible & incorporeal ,^w ( ,god3 ! same 0 laid 9 ! tomb4 ,b ,*ri/'s liv+ body 0 circumcis$ & nail$ on ! tree2 & ,*ri/'s dead body 0 laid 9 ! tomb4 ,!re=e x 0 ! same body liv+ & dead4 ,i answ] t1 ,! expression simply c be tak5 9 two s5ses4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance by tak+ simply to be ! same z absolutely2 ?us t is said simply :i* is said )\t addition1 z ! ,philosoph] put x 7,topic4 ii73 & 9 ?is way ! dead & liv+ body ( ,*ri/ 0 simply id5tically ! same3 s9ce a ?+ is said to be simply id5tically ! same f ! id5tity ( ! subject4 ,b ,*ri/'s body liv+ & dead 0 id5tical 9 its suppositum because alive & dead x _h none o!r besides ! ,^w ( ,god1 z 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,& x is 9 ?is s5se t ,a?anasius is speak+ 9 ! passage quot$4 ,9 ano!r way simply is ! same z altoge!r or totally3 9 :i* s5se ! body ( ,*ri/1 dead & alive1 0 n simply ! same id5tically1 because x 0 n totally ! same1 s9ce life is ( ! ess5ce ( a liv+ body2 = x is an ess5tial & n an accid5tal pr$icate3 h5ce x foll[s t a body :i* ceases to be liv+ does n rema9 totally ! same4 ,moreov]1 if x 7 to be said t ,*ri/'s dead body did cont9ue totally ! same1 x w\ld foll[ t x 0 n corrupt$--,i mean1 by ! corruption ( dea?3 :i* is ! h]esy ( ! ,gaianites1 z ,isidore says 7,etym4 viii71 & is to be f\nd 9 ! ,decretals 7xxiv1 qu4 iii74 ,& ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii7 t ! t]m 'corruption' d5otes two ?+s3 9 "o way x is ! sep>ation ( ! s\l f ! body & o!r ?+s ( ! sort2 9 ano!r way1 ! complete dissolv+ into elem5ts4 ,consequ5tly x is impi\s to say ) ,julian & ,gaian t ! ,"l's body 0 incorruptible aft] ! fir/ mann] ( corruption be=e ! resurrection3 because ,*ri/'s body w\ld n be consub/antial ) u1 nor truly dead1 nor w\ld we h be5 sav$ 9 v tru?4 ,b 9 ! second way ,*ri/'s body 0 incorrupt4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! dead body ( ev]yone else does n cont9ue unit$ to an abid+ hypo/asis1 z ,*ri/'s dead body did2 consequ5tly ! dead body ( ev]yone else is n ! same simply1 b only 9 "s respect3 because x is ! same z to its matt]1 b n ! same z to its =m4 ,b ,*ri/'s body rema9s ! same simply1 on acc\nt ( ! id5tity ( ! suppositum1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s9ce a ?+ is said to be ! same id5tically accord+ to suppositum1 b ! same specifically accord+ to =m3 :]ev] ! suppositum subsi/s 9 only "o nature1 x foll[s ( necessity t :5 ! unity ( species is tak5 away ! unity ( id5tity is also tak5 away4 ,b ! hypo/asis ( ! ,^w ( ,god subsi/s 9 two natures2 & consequ5tly1 al?\gh 9 o!rs ! body does n rema9 ! same accord+ to ! species ( human nature1 /ill x cont9ues id5tically ! same 9 ,*ri/ accord+ to ! suppositum ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,corruption & dea? d n belong to ,*ri/ by reason ( ! suppositum1 f :i* suppositum foll[s ! unity ( id5tity2 b by reason ( ! human nature1 accord+ to :i* is f\nd ! diff]5ce ( dea? & ( life 9 ,*ri/'s body4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ej1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,dea? ,conduc$ 9 ,any ,way to ,our ,salvation8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s dea? did n conduce 9 any way to our salvation4 ,= dea? is a sort ( privation1 s9ce x is ! privation ( life4 ,b privation has n any p[] ( activity1 because x is no?+ positive4 ,!re=e x c\ld n "w any?+ = our salvation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s ,passion wr\ght our salvation by way ( m]it4 ,b ,*ri/'s dea? c\ld n op]ate 9 ?is way1 because 9 dea? ! body is sep>at$ f ! s\l1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( m]it+4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s dea? did n accompli% any?+ t[>ds our salvation4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at is corporeal is n ! cause ( :at is spiritual4 ,b ,*ri/'s dea? 0 corporeal4 ,!re=e x c\ld n be ! cause ( our salvation1 :i* is some?+ spiritual4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv73 ,! "o dea? ( our ,savi\r1 namely1 t ( ! body1 sav$ u f our two dea?s1 t is1 ( ! s\l & ! body4 ,i answ] t1 ,we may speak ( ,*ri/'s dea? 9 two ways1 9 becom+ & 9 fact4 ,dea? is said to be 9 becom+ :5 anyone f natural or en=c$ suff]+ is t5d+ t[>ds dea?3 & 9 ?is way x is ! same ?+ to speak ( ,*ri/'s dea? z ( ,8 ,passion3 s t 9 ?is s5se ,*ri/'s dea? is ! cause ( our salvation1 accord+ to :at has be5 already said ( ! ,passion 7,q4 #dh74 ,b dea? is consid]$ 9 fact1 inasmu* z ! sep>ation ( s\l & body has already tak5 place3 & x is 9 ?is s5se t we are n[ speak+ ( ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,9 ?is way ,*ri/'s dea? _c be ! cause ( our salvation by way ( m]it1 b only by way ( causality1 t is to say1 inasmu* z ! ,godhead 0 n sep>at$ f ,*ri/'s fle% by dea?2 & !re=e1 :atev] befell ,*ri/'s fle%1 ev5 :5 ! s\l 0 dep>t$1 0 conducive to salvation 9 virtue ( ! ,godhead unit$4 ,b ! effect ( any cause is prop]ly e/imat$ accord+ to its resemblance to ! cause4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce dea? is a k9d ( privation ( "o's own life1 ! effect ( ,*ri/'s dea? is consid]$ 9 relation to ! removal ( ! ob/acles to our salvation3 & ^! are ! dea? ( ! s\l & ( ! body4 ,h5ce ,*ri/'s dea? is said to h de/roy$ 9 u bo? ! dea? ( ! s\l1 caus$ by s91 accord+ to ,rom4 #d3be3 ,he 0 deliv]$ up namely unto dea? = our s9s3 & ! dea? ( ! body1 consi/+ 9 ! sep>ation ( ! s\l1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ae3ed3 ,dea? is swall[$ up 9 victory4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s dea? wr\ght our salvation f ! p[] ( ! ,godhead unit$1 & n consid]$ m]ely z ,8 dea?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?\gh ,*ri/'s dea?1 consid]$ 9 fact did n effect our salvation by way ( m]it1 yet x did s by way ( causality1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s dea? 0 inde$ corporeal2 b ! body 0 ! in/rum5t ( ! ,godhead unit$ to ,him1 work+ by ,its p[]1 al?\gh dead4 ,,"q #ea ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,burial 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ,*ri/'s burial1 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be buri$8 7#b7 ,conc]n+ ! mann] ( ,8 burial2 7#c7 ,:e!r ,8 body 0 decompos$ 9 ! tomb8 7#d7 ,conc]n+ ! l5g? ( "t ,he lay 9 ! tomb4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ea1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ = ,*ri/ to ,be ,buri$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unfitt+ = ,*ri/ to h be5 buri$1 because x is said ( ,him 7,ps4 #hg3f73 ,he is ,vulg43 ',i am' become z a man )\t help1 free among ! dead4 ,b ! bodies ( ! dead are enclos$ 9 a tomb2 :i* seems contr>y to lib]ty4 ,!re=e x does n seem fitt+ = ,*ri/ to h be5 buri$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ %\ld be done to ,*ri/ except x 0 helpful to our salvation4 ,b ,*ri/'s burial seems 9 no way to be conducive to our salvation4 ,!re=e1 x 0 n fitt+ = ,him to be buri$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x seems out ( place = ,god :o is above ! high heav5s to be laid 9 ! e>?4 ,b :at befalls ! dead body ( ,*ri/ is attribut$ to ,god by reason ( ! union4 ,!re=e x appe>s to be unbecom+ = ,*ri/ to be buri$4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,matt4 #bf3aj7 ( ! woman :o ano9t$ ,him3 ,%e has wr\ght a good "w ^u ,me1 & !n ,he add$ 7,matt4 #bf3ab7--;= %e1 9 p\r+ ?is o9tm5t ^u ,my body1 ha? done x = ,my burial4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be buri$4 ,fir/ ( all1 to e/abli% ! tru? ( ,8 dea?2 = no "o is laid 9 ! grave unless !re be c]ta9ty ( dea?4 ,h5ce we read 7,mk4 #ae3dd1 #de71 t ,pilate by dilig5t inquiry assur$ himself ( ,*ri/'s dea? be=e grant+ leave = ,8 burial4 ,secondly1 because by ,*ri/'s ris+ f ! grave1 to !m :o are 9 ! grave1 hope is giv5 ( ris+ aga9 ?r\gh ,him1 accord+ to ,john #e3be1 #bh3 ,all t are 9 _! graves %all he> ! voice ( ! ,son ( ,god 4 4 4 & !y t he> %all live4 ,?irdly1 z an example to !m :o dy+ spiritually to _! s9s are hidd5 away f ! di/urbance ( m5 7,ps4 #cj3ba74 ,h5ce x is said 7,col4 #c3c73 ,y are dead1 & y\r life is hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god4 ,:]e=e ! baptiz$ likewise :o ?r\gh ,*ri/'s dea? die to s9s1 are z x 7 buri$ ) ,*ri/ by imm]sion1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3d3 ,we are buri$ toge!r ) ,*ri/ by baptism into dea?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?\gh buri$1 ,*ri/ prov$ ,himself free among ! dead3 s9ce1 al?\gh imprison$ 9 ! tomb1 ,he c\ld n be h9d]$ f go+ =? by ris+ aga94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,*ri/'s dea? wr\ght our salvation1 s likewise did ,8 burial4 ,h5ce ,j]ome says 7,sup] ,m>c4 xiv73 ,by ,*ri/'s burial we rise aga92 & on ,isa4 #ec3i3 ,he %all give ! ungodly = ,8 burial1 a gloss says3 ,he %all give to ,god & ! ,fa!r ! ,g5tiles :o 7 )\t godl9ess1 because ,he pur*as$ !m by ,8 dea? & burial4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z is said 9 a disc\rse made at ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 99,p4 iii1 cap4 #i1 ,no?+ t saves man is d]ogatory to ,god2 %[+ ,him to be n passible1 b m]ciful3 & 9 ano!r disc\rse ( ! same ,c\ncil 99,p4 iii1 cap4 #aj3 ,god does n repute any?+ z an injury :i* is an occasion ( m5's salvation4 ,?us ?\ %alt n deem ,god's ,nature to be s vile1 z ?\gh ,x may sometimes be subject$ to injuries4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ea1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ,buri$ 9 a ,becom+ ,mann]8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 buri$ 9 an unbecom+ mann]4 ,= ,8 burial %\ld be 9 keep+ ) ,8 dea?4 ,b ,*ri/ und]w5t a mo/ %ameful dea?1 accord+ to ,wis4 #b3bj3 ,let u condemn ,him to a mo/ %ameful dea?4 ,x seems !re=e unbecom+ = honorable burial to be accord$ to ,*ri/1 inasmu* z ,he 0 buri$ by m5 ( position--namely1 by ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 :o 0 a noble c\nselor1 to use ,m>k's expression 7,mk4 #ae3dc71 & by ,nicodemus1 :o 0 a rul] ( ! ,jews1 z ,john /ates 7,john #c3a74 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ %\ld be done to ,*ri/ :i* might set an example ( wa/efulness4 ,b x seems to savor ( wa/e t 9 ord] to bury ,*ri/ ,nicodemus came br++ a mixture ( myrrh & aloes ab\t a hundr$ p\nds weight1 z record$ by ,john 7#ai3ci71 especially s9ce a woman came be=eh& to ano9t ,8 body = ! burial1 z ,m>k relates 7,mk4 #ad3bh74 ,consequ5tly1 ?is 0 n done becom+ly ) reg>d to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is n becom+ = any?+ done to be inconsi/5t ) itself4 ,b ,*ri/'s burial on ! "o h& 0 simple1 because ,joseph wrapp$ ,8 body 9 a clean l95 clo?1 z is relat$ by ,mat!w 7#bg3ei71 b n ) gold or gems1 or silk1 z ,j]ome obs]ves3 yet on ! o!r h& !re appe>s to h be5 "s display1 inasmu* z !y buri$ ,him ) fragrant spices 7,john #ai3dj74 ,consequ5tly1 ! mann] ( ,*ri/'s burial does n seem to h be5 seemly4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,:at ?+s soev] 7 writt51 especially ( ,*ri/1 7 writt5 = our le>n+1 accord+ to ,rom4 #ae3d4 ,b "s ( ! ?+s writt5 9 ! ,gospels t\*+ ,*ri/'s burial 9 no wise seem to p]ta9 to our in/ruction--z t ,he 0 buri$ 9 a g>d5 4 4 4 9 a tomb :i* 0 n ,8 own1 :i* 0 new1 & hew$ out 9 a rock4 ,!re=e ! mann] ( ,*ri/'s burial 0 n becom+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #aa3aj73 ,& ,8 sepul*re %all be glori\s4 ,i answ] t1 ,! mann] ( ,*ri/'s burial is %[n to be seemly 9 ?ree respects4 ,fir/1 to confirm fai? 9 ,8 dea? & resurrection4 ,secondly1 to comm5d ! devotion ( ^? :o gave ,him burial4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei i73 ,! ,gospel m5tions z praisewor?y ! de$ ( ^? :o receiv$ ,8 body f ! cross1 & ) due c>e & rev]5ce wrapp$ x up & buri$ x4 ,?irdly1 z to ! my/]y :]eby ^? are mold$ :o are buri$ toge!r ) ,*ri/ into dea? 7,rom4 #f3d74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,) reg>d to ,*ri/'s dea?1 ,8 pati5ce & con/ancy 9 endur+ dea? are comm5d$1 & all ! m t ,8 dea? 0 ! m despicable3 b 9 ,8 honorable burial we c see ! p[] ( ! dy+ ,man1 :o1 ev5 9 dea?1 fru/rat$ ! int5t ( ,8 murd]]s1 & 0 buri$ ) honor3 & !reby is =e%ad[$ ! devotion ( ! fai?ful :o 9 ! "t to come 7 to s]ve ! dead ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,on t expression ( ! ,evangeli/ 7,john #ai3dj7 t !y buri$ ,him z ! mann] ( ! ,jews is to bury1 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 9 ,joan4 cxx73 ,he admoni%es u t 9 (fices ( ?is k9d :i* are r5d]$ to ! dead1 ! cu/om ( ea* nation %\ld be obs]v$4 ,n[ x 0 ! cu/om ( ?is p to ano9t bodies ) v>i\s spices 9 ord] ! long] to pres]ve !m f corruption 99,cf4 ,cat5a ,aurea 9 ,joan4 xix4 ,accord+ly x is said 9 ,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 iii t 9 all su* ?+s1 x is n ! use !re(1 b ! luxury ( ! us] t is at fault2 &1 f>!r on3 :at 9 o!r p]sons is frequ5tly crim9al1 9 a div9e or prophetic p]son is a sign ( some?+ great4 ,= myrrh & aloes by _! bitt]ness d5ote p5ance1 by :i* man keeps ,*ri/ )9 himself )\t ! corruption ( s92 :ile ! odor ( ! o9tm5ts expresses good report4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,myrrh & aloes 7 us$ on ,*ri/'s body 9 ord] t x might be pres]v$ f corruption1 & ?is seem$ to imply a c]ta9 ne$ 79 ! body73 h5ce ! example is set u t we may lawfully use preci\s ?+s m$ic9ally1 f ! ne$ ( pres]v+ our body4 ,b ! wrapp+ up ( ! body 0 m]ely a "q ( becom+ propriety4 ,& we ought to cont5t ourselves ) simplicity 9 su* ?+s4 ,yet1 z ,j]ome obs]ves1 by ?is act 0 d5ot$ t he swa!s ,jesus 9 clean l951 :o receives ,him ) a pure s\l4 ,h5ce1 z ,b$e says on ,m>k #ae3df3 ,! ,*ur*'s cu/om has prevail$ = ! sacrifice ( ! alt> to be (f]$ n ^u silk1 nor ^u dy$ clo?1 b on l95 ( ! e>?2 z ! ,"l's body 0 buri$ 9 a clean w9d+-%eet4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/ 0 buri$ 9 a g>d5 to express t by ,8 dea? & burial we are deliv]$ f ! dea? :i* we incur ?r\gh ,adam's s9 committ$ 9 ! g>d5 ( p>adise4 ,b = ?is 0 our ,"l buri$ 9 ! grave ( a /rang]1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon 7ccxlviii71 because ,he di$ = ! salvation ( o!rs2 & a sepul*re is ! abode ( dea?4 ,also ! ext5t ( ! pov]ty endur$ = u c be !reby e/imat$3 s9ce ,he :o :ile liv+ _h no home1 aft] dea? 0 laid to re/ 9 ano!r's tomb1 & be+ nak$ 0 clo!d by ,joseph4 ,b ,he is laid 9 a new sepul*re1 z ,j]ome obs]ves on ,matt4 #bg3fj1 le/ aft] ! resurrection x might be pret5d$ t someone else _h ris51 :ile ! o!r corpses rema9$4 ,! new sepul*re c also d5ote ,m>y's virg9al womb4 ,& fur!rmore x may be und]/ood t all ( u are r5ew$ by ,*ri/'s burial2 dea? & corruption be+ de/roy$4 ,moreov]1 ,he 0 buri$ 9 a monum5t hewn out ( a rock1 z ,j]ome says on ,matt4 #bg3fd1 le/1 if x _h be5 con/ruct$ ( _m /ones1 !y might say t ,he 0 /ol5 away by digg+ away ! f\ndations ( ! tomb4 ,h5ce ! great /one :i* 0 set %[s t ! tomb c\ld n be op5$ except by ! help ( _m h&s4 ,aga91 if ,he _h be5 buri$ 9 ! e>?1 !y might h said3 ,!y dug up ! soil & /ole ,him away1 z ,augu/9e obs]ves 99,cf4 ,cat5a ,aurea4 ,hil>y 7,comm5t4 9 ,mat?4 cap4 xxxiii7 gives ! my/ical int]pretation1 say+ t by ! tea*+ ( ! apo/les1 ,*ri/ is borne into ! /ony he>t ( ! g5tile2 = x is hewn out by ! process ( tea*+1 unpoli%$ & new1 unt5ant$ & op5 to ! entrance ( ! fe> ( ,god4 ,& s9ce naught besides ,him mu/ ent] into our he>ts1 a great /one is roll$ aga9/ ! door4 ,fur!rmore1 z ,orig5 says 7,tract4 xxxv 9 ,mat?473 ,x 0 n writt5 by haz>d3 ',joseph wrapp$ ,*ri/'s body 9 a clean w9d+-%eet1 & plac$ x 9 a new monum5t1' & t 'he roll$ a great /one1' because all ?+s ar\nd ! body ( ,jesus are clean1 & new1 & exce$+ great4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ea1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,0 ,r$uc$ to ,du/ 9 ! ,tomb8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s body 0 r$uc$ to du/ 9 ! tomb4 ,= j z man dies 9 puni%m5t ( 8 fir/ p>5t's s91 s also does he return to du/1 s9ce x 0 said to ! fir/ man aft] 8 s93 ,du/ ?\ art1 & into du/ ?\ %alt return 7,g54 #c3ai74 ,b ,*ri/ endur$ dea? 9 ord] to deliv] u f dea?4 ,!re=e ,8 body ought to be made to return to du/1 s z to free u f ! same p5alty4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s body 0 ( ! same nature z ours4 ,b directly aft] dea? our bodies beg9 to dissolve into du/1 & are dispos$ t[>ds putrefaction1 because :5 ! natural heat dep>ts1 !re sup]v5es heat f )\t :i* causes corruption4 ,!re=e x seems t ! same ?+ happ5$ to ,*ri/'s body4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ,*ri/ will$ to be buri$ 9 ord] to furni% m5 ) ! hope ( ris+ likewise f ! grave4 ,consequ5tly1 ,he s\ght likewise to return to du/ s z to give to !m :o h return$ to du/ ! hope ( ris+ f ! du/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ps4 #ae3aj73 ,nor wilt ,?\ suff] ,?y holy "o to see corruption3 & ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii7 exp\nds ?is ( ! corruption :i* comes ( dissolv+ into elem5ts4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/'s body to putrefy1 or 9 any way be r$uc$ to du/1 s9ce ! putrefaction ( any body comes ( t body's infirmity ( nature1 :i* c no long] hold ! body toge!r4 ,b z 0 said above 7,q4 #ej1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b71 ,*ri/'s dea? ought n to come f weakness ( nature1 le/ x might n be believ$ to be volunt>y3 & !re=e ,he will$ to die1 n f sickness1 b f suff]+ inflict$ on ,him1 to :i* ,he gave ,himself up will+ly4 ,& !re=e1 le/ ,8 dea? might be ascrib$ to infirmity ( nature1 ,*ri/ did n wi% ,8 body to putrefy 9 any way or dissolve no matt] h[2 b = ! manife/ation ( ,8 ,div9e p[] ,he will$ t ,8 body %\ld cont9ue incorrupt4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om says 7,cont4 ,jud4 et ,g5t4 quod ',*ri/us sit ,deus'7 t ) o!r m51 especially ) su* z h wr\ght /r5u\sly1 _! de$s %9e =? 9 _! lifetime2 b z soon z !y die1 _! de$s g ) !m4 ,b x is q ! contr>y ) ,*ri/3 because previ\s to ! cross all is sadness & weakness1 b z soon z ,he is crucifi$1 ev]y?+ comes to light1 9 ord] t y may le>n x 0 n an ord9>y man t 0 crucifi$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9ce ,*ri/ 0 n subject to s91 nei!r 0 ,he prone to die or to return to du/4 ,yet ( ,8 own w ,he endur$ dea? = our salvation1 = ! reasons alleg$ above 7,q4 #ea1 ,a4 #a74 ,b _h ,8 body putrefi$ or dissolv$1 ?is fact w\ld h be5 detrim5tal to man's salvation1 = x w\ld n h seem$ cr$ible t ! ,div9e p[] 0 9 ,him4 ,h5ce x is on ,8 behalf t x is writt5 7,ps4 #ai3aj73 ,:at pr(it is !re 9 my blood1 :il/ ,i g d[n to corruption8 z if ,he 7 to say3 ,if ,my body corrupt1 ! pr(it ( ! blood %$ w be lo/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s body 0 a subject ( corruption accord+ to ! condition ( its passible nature1 b n z to ! des]v+ cause ( putrefaction1 :i* is s93 b ! ,div9e p[] pres]v$ ,*ri/'s body f putrefy+1 j z x rais$ x up f dea?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ rose f ! tomb by ,div9e p[]1 :i* is n n>r[$ )9 b\nds4 ,consequ5tly1 ,8 ris+ f ! grave 0 a suffici5t argum5t to prove t m5 are to be rais$ up by ,div9e p[]1 n only f _! graves1 b also f any du/ :atev]4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ea1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 9 ! ,tomb ,only ,"o ,day & ,two ,nights8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n 9 ! tomb dur+ only "o day & two nights2 because ,he said 7,matt4 #ab3dj73 ,z ,jonas 0 9 ! :ale's belly ?ree days & ?ree nights3 s %all ! ,son ( man be 9 ! he>t ( ! e>? ?ree days & ?ree nights4 ,b ,he 0 9 ! he>t ( ! e>? :ile ,he 0 9 ! grave4 ,!re=e ,he 0 n 9 ! tomb = only "o day & two nights4 ,obj4 #b3 ,gregory says 9 a ,pas*al ,homily 7,hom4 xxi73 ,z ,samson c>ri$ (f ! gates ( ,gaza dur+ ! night1 ev5 s ,*ri/ rose 9 ! night1 tak+ away ! gates ( hell4 ,b aft] ris+ ,he 0 n 9 ! tomb4 ,!re=e ,he 0 n two :ole nights 9 ! grave4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 light prevail$ ov] d>kness by ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,b night belongs to d>kness1 & day to light4 ,!re=e x 0 m fitt+ = ,*ri/'s body to be 9 ! tomb = two days & a night1 r ?an conv]sely4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv73 ,!re 7 ?irty-six h\rs f ! ev5+ ( ,8 burial to ! dawn ( ! resurrection1 t is1 a :ole night ) a :ole day1 & a :ole night4 ,i answ] t1 ,! v "t dur+ :i* ,*ri/ rema9$ 9 ! tomb %[s =? ! effect ( ,8 dea?4 ,= x 0 said above 7,q4 #ej1 ,a4 #f7 t by ,*ri/'s dea? we 7 deliv]$ f a tw(old dea?1 namely1 f ! dea? ( ! s\l & ( ! body3 & ?is is signifi$ by ! two nights dur+ :i* ,he rema9$ 9 ! tomb4 ,b s9ce ,8 dea? did n come ( s91 b 0 endur$ f *>ity1 x has n ! semblance ( night1 b ( day3 consequ5tly x is d5ot$ by ! :ole day dur+ :i* ,*ri/ 0 9 ! sepul*re4 ,& s x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to be 9 ! sepul*re dur+ "o day & two nights4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii73 ,"s m51 ignorant ( ,scriptural language1 wi%$ to compute z night ^? ?ree h\rs1 f ! six? to ! n9? h\r1 dur+ :i* ! sun 0 d>k5$1 & z day ^? o!r ?ree h\rs dur+ :i* x 0 re/or$ to ! e>?1 t is1 f ! n9? h\r until its sett+3 = ! com+ night ( ! ,sabba? foll[s1 & if ?is be reckon$ ) its day1 !re w be already two nights & two days4 ,n[ aft] ! ,sabba? !re foll[s ! night ( ! fir/ day ( ! ,sabba?1 t is1 ( ! dawn+ ,sunday1 on :i* ! ,"l rose4 ,ev5 s1 ! reckon+ ( ! ?ree days & ?ree nights w n /&4 ,x rema9s !n to f9d ! solution 9 ! cu/om>y usage ( spee* ( ! ,scriptures1 :]eby ! :ole is und]/ood f ! "p3 s t we are able to take a day & a night z "o natural day4 ,& s ! fir/ day is comput$ f its end+1 dur+ :i* ,*ri/ di$ & 0 buri$ on ! ,friday2 :ile ! second day is an entire day ) tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( night & day2 :ile ! night foll[+ belongs to ! ?ird day4 ,= z ! primitive days 7 comput$ f light to night on acc\nt ( man's future fall1 s ^! days are comput$ f ! d>kness to ! daylight on acc\nt ( man's re/oration 7,de ,tr94 iv74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv2 cf4 ,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii71 ,*ri/ rose ) ! dawn1 :5 light appe>s 9 "p1 & /ill "s "p ( ! d>kness ( ! night rema9s4 ,h5ce x is said ( ! wom5 t :5 x 0 yet d>k !y came to ! sepul*re 7,john #bj3a74 ,!re=e1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is d>kness1 ,gregory says 7,hom4 xxi7 t ,*ri/ rose 9 ! middle ( ! night1 n t night is divid$ into two equal p>ts1 b dur+ ! night itself3 = ! expression e>ly c be tak5 z p>tly night & p>tly day1 f its fitt+ness ) bo?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! light prevail$ s f> 9 ,*ri/'s dea? 7:i* is d5ot$ by ! "o day7 t x dispell$ ! d>kness ( ! two nights1 t is1 ( our tw(old dea?1 z /at$ above4 ,,"q #eb ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,desc5t ,,into ,,hell 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell2 conc]n+ :i* !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to desc5d into hell8 7#b7 ,into :i* hell did ,he desc5d8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he 0 entirely 9 hell8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he made any /ay !re8 7#e7 ,:e!r ,he deliv]$ ! ,holy ,fa!rs f hell8 7#f7 ,:e!r ,he deliv]$ ! lo/ f hell8 7#g7 ,:e!r ,he deliv]$ ! *ildr5 :o di$ 9 orig9al s98 7#h7 ,:e!r ,he deliv]$ m5 f ,purgatory8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ = ,*ri/ to ,desc5d into ,hell8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to desc5d into hell1 because ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,evod4 cliv473 ,nor c\ld ,i f9d any:]e 9 ! ,scriptures hell m5tion$ z some?+ good4 ,b ,*ri/'s s\l did n desc5d into any evil place1 = nei!r d ! s\ls ( ! j4 ,!re=e x does n seem fitt+ = ,*ri/'s s\l to desc5d into hell4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x _c belong to ,*ri/ to desc5d into hell accord+ to ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 :i* is altoge!r immovable2 b only accord+ to ,8 assum$ nature4 ,b t :i* ,*ri/ did or suff]$ 9 ,8 assum$ nature is orda9$ = man's salvation3 & to secure ?is x does n seem necess>y = ,*ri/ to desc5d into hell1 s9ce ,he deliv]$ u f bo? guilt & p5alty by ,8 ,passion :i* ,he endur$ 9 ?is _w1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #di1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c74 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld desc5d into hell4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 by ,*ri/'s dea? ,8 s\l 0 sep>at$ f ,8 body1 & ?is 0 laid 9 ! sepul*re1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ea74 ,b x seems t ,he desc5d$ into hell1 n accord+ to ,8 s\l only1 because seem+ly ! s\l1 be+ incorporeal1 _c be a subject ( local motion2 = ?is belongs to bodies1 z is prov$ 9 ,phys4 vi1 text4 #cb2 :ile desc5t implies corporeal motion4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to desc5d into hell4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said 9 ! ,cre$3 ,he desc5d$ into hell3 & ! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #d3i73 ,n[ t ,he asc5d$1 :at is x1 b because ,he also desc5d$ fir/ into ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?8 ,& a gloss adds3 t is--into hell4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to desc5d into hell4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ,he came to be> our p5alty 9 ord] to free u f p5alty1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ec3d3 ,surely ,he ha? borne our infirmities & c>ri$ our sorr[s4 ,b ?r\gh s9 man _h incurr$ n only ! dea? ( ! body1 b also desc5t into hell4 ,consequ5tly s9ce x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/ to die 9 ord] to deliv] u f dea?1 s x 0 fitt+ = ,him to desc5d into hell 9 ord] to deliv] u also f go+ d[n into hell4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,osee #ac3ad73 ,o dea?1 ,i w be ?y dea?2 ,o hell1 ,i w be ?y bite4 ,secondly1 because x 0 fitt+ :5 ! devil 0 ov]?r[n by ! ,passion t ,*ri/ %\ld deliv] ! captives deta9$ 9 hell1 accord+ to ,ze*4 #i3aa3 ,?\ also by ! blood ( ,?y ,te/am5t ha/ s5t =? ,?y prison]s out ( ! pit4 ,& x is writt5 7,col4 #b3ae73 ,despoil+ ! pr9cipalities & p[]s1 ,he ha? expos$ !m confid5tly4 ,?irdly1 t z ,he %[$ =? ,8 p[] on e>? by liv+ & dy+1 s also ,he might manife/ x 9 hell1 by visit+ x & enlight5+ x4 ,accord+ly x is writt5 7,ps4 #bc3g73 ,lift up y\r gates1 ,o ye pr9ces1 :i* ! gloss ?us int]prets3 t is--,ye pr9ces ( hell1 take away y\r p[]1 :]eby hi!rto y held m5 fa/ 9 hell2 & s at ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b[1 n only ( !m t are 9 heav51 b likewise ( !m t are 9 hell1 z is said 9 ,phil4 #b3aj4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! "n ( hell /&s = an evil ( p5alty1 & n = an evil ( guilt4 ,h5ce x 0 becom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld desc5d into hell1 n z liable to puni%m5t ,himself1 b to deliv] !m :o 74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 a k9d ( univ]sal cause ( m5's salvation1 bo? ( ! liv+ & ( ! dead4 ,b a g5]al cause is appli$ to p>ticul> effects by means ( some?+ special4 ,h5ce1 z ! p[] ( ! ,passion is appli$ to ! liv+ ?r\gh ! sacram5ts :i* make u l unto ,*ri/'s ,passion1 s likewise x is appli$ to ! dead ?r\gh ,8 desc5t into hell4 ,on :i* acc\nt x is writt5 7,ze*4 #i3aa7 t ,he s5t =? prison]s out ( ! pit1 9 ! blood ( ,8 te/am5t1 t is1 by ! p[] ( ,8 ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s s\l desc5d$ into hell n by ! same k9d ( motion z t :]eby bodies are mov$1 b by t k9d :]eby ! angels are mov$1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ec1 ,a4 #a74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,w5t ,d[n into ! ,hell ( ! ,lo/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ w5t d[n into ! hell ( ! lo/1 because x is said by ! m\? ( ,div9e ,wisdom 7,ecclus4 #bd3de73 ,i w p5etrate to all ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,b ! hell ( ! lo/ is comput$ among ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>? accord+ to ,ps4 #fb3aj3 ,!y %all g into ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ :o is ! ,wisdom ( ,god1 w5t d[n ev5 into ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,pet] says 7,acts #b3bd7 t ,god ha? rais$ up ,*ri/1 hav+ loos$ ! sorr[s ( hell1 z x 0 impossible t ,he %\ld be hold5 by x4 ,b !re are no sorr[s 9 ! hell ( ! ,fa!rs1 nor 9 ! hell ( ! *ildr51 s9ce !y are n puni%$ ) s5sible pa9 on acc\nt ( any actual s91 b only ) ! pa9 ( loss on acc\nt ( orig9al s94 ,!re=e ,*ri/ w5t d[n into ! hell ( ! lo/1 or else into ,purgatory1 :]e m5 are torm5t$ ) s5sible pa9 on acc\nt ( actual s9s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#a ,pet4 #c3ai7 t ,*ri/ com+ 9 _s prea*$ to ^? spirits t 7 9 prison1 :i* _h "s "t be5 incr$ul\s3 & ?is is und]/ood ( ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell1 z ,a?anasius says 7,ep4 ad ,epict474 ,= he says t ,*ri/'s body 0 laid 9 ! sepul*re :5 ,he w5t to prea* to ^? spirits :o 7 9 bondage1 z ,pet] said4 ,b x is cle> ! unbeliev]s 7 9 ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ w5t d[n into ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,evod4 clxiv73 ,if ! sacr$ ,scriptures _h said t ,*ri/ came into ,abraham's bosom1 )\t nam+ hell or its woes1 ,i wond] :e!r any p]son w\ld d>e to ass]t t ,he desc5d$ into hell4 ,b s9ce evid5t te/imonies m5tion hell & its sorr[s1 !re is no reason = believ+ t ,*ri/ w5t !re except to deliv] m5 f ! same woes4 ,b ! place ( woes is ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ desc5d$ into ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon ^u ! ,resurrection3 ,*ri/ desc5d+ into hell set free all ! j :o 7 held 9 ! bonds ( orig9al s94 ,b among !m 0 ,job1 :o says ( himself 7,job #ag3af73 ,all t ,i h %all g d[n into ! deepe/ pit4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ desc5d$ into ! deepe/ pit4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,reg>d+ ! hell ( ! lo/ x is writt5 7,job #aj3ba73 ,be=e ,i g1 & return no m1 to a l& t is d>k & cov]$ ) ! mi/ ( dea?4 ,n[ !re is no fell[%ip ( light ) d>kness1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #f3ad4 ,!re=e ,*ri/1 :o is ! light1 did n desc5d into ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ is said to be 9 a place 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 ?r\gh its effect1 & 9 ?is way ,*ri/ desc5d$ into ea* ( ! hells1 b 9 diff]5t mann]4 ,= go+ d[n into ! hell ( ! lo/ ,he wr\ght ?is effect1 t by desc5d+ ?i!r ,he put !m to %ame = _! unbelief & wick$ness3 b to !m :o 7 deta9$ 9 ,purgatory ,he gave hope ( atta9+ to glory3 :ile ^u ! holy ,fa!rs deta9$ 9 hell solely on acc\nt ( orig9al s91 ,he %$ ! light ( glory ev]la/+4 ,9 ano!r way a ?+ is said to be 9 a place ?r\gh its ess5ce3 & 9 ?is way ,*ri/'s s\l desc5d$ only into t "p ( hell :]e9 ! j 7 deta9$4 s t ,he visit$ !m 9 place1 accord+ to ,8 s\l1 :om ,he visit$ int]iorly by grace1 accord+ to ,8 ,godhead4 ,accord+ly1 :ile rema9+ 9 "o "p ( hell1 ,he wr\ght ?is effect 9 a measure 9 e "p ( hell1 j z :ile suff]+ 9 "o "p ( ! e>? ,he deliv]$ ! :ole _w by ,8 ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/1 :o is ! ,wisdom ( ,god1 p5etrat$ to all ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?1 n pass+ ?r\gh !m locally ) ,8 s\l1 b by spread+ ! effects ( ,8 p[] 9 a measure to !m all3 yet s t ,he enlight5$ only ! j3 because ! text quot$ cont9ues3 ,& ,i w enlight5 all t hope 9 ! ,"l4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,sorr[ is tw(old3 "o is ! suff]+ ( pa9 :i* m5 endure = actual s91 accord+ to ,ps4 #ag3f3 ,! sorr[s ( hell encompass$ me4 ,ano!r sorr[ comes ( hop$-= glory be+ def]r$1 accord+ to ,prov4 #ac3ab3 ,hope t is def]r$ afflicte? ! s\l3 & su* 0 ! sorr[ :i* ! holy ,fa!rs suff]$ 9 hell1 & ,augu/9e ref]s to x 9 a s]mon on ! ,passion1 say+ t !y bes\ght ,*ri/ ) te>ful entreaty4 ,n[ by desc5d+ into hell ,*ri/ took away bo? sorr[s1 yet 9 diff]5t ways3 = ,he did away ) ! sorr[s ( pa9s by pres]v+ s\ls f !m1 j z a physician is said to free a man f sickness by w>d+ x (f by means ( physic4 ,likewise ,he remov$ ! sorr[s caus$ by glory def]r$1 by be/[+ glory4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^! words ( ,pet] are ref]r$ by "s to ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell3 & !y expla9 x 9 ?is s5se3 ,*ri/ prea*$ to !m :o =m]ly 7 unbeliev]s1 & :o 7 %ut up 9 prison--t is1 9 hell--9 _s--t is1 by ,8 s\l4 ,h5ce ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iii73 ,z ,he evangeliz$ !m :o are ^u ! e>?1 s did ,he ^? :o 7 9 hell2 n 9 ord] to conv]t unbeliev]s unto belief1 b to put !m to %ame = _! unbelief1 s9ce prea*+ _c be und]/ood o!rwise ?an z ! op5 manife/+ ( ,8 ,godhead1 :i* 0 laid b>e be=e !m 9 ! l[] regions by ,8 desc5d+ 9 p[] into hell4 ,augu/9e1 h[ev]1 furni%es a bett] exposition ( ! text 9 8 ,epi/le to ,evodius quot$ above1 namely1 t ! prea*+ is n to be ref]r$ to ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell1 b to ! op]ation ( ,8 ,godhead1 to :i* ,he gave effect f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,consequ5tly1 ! s5se is1 t to ^? 7spirits7 t 7 9 prison--t is1 liv+ 9 ! mortal body1 :i* is1 z x 71 ! s\l's prison-h\se--by ! _s ( ,8 ,godhead ,he came & prea*$ by int]nal inspirations1 & f )\t by ! admonitions spok5 by ! righte\s3 to ^?1 ,i say1 ,he prea*$ :i* _h be5 "s "t incr$ul\s1 i4e4 n believ+ 9 ! prea*+ ( ,noe1 :5 !y wait$ = ! pati5ce ( ,god1 :]eby ! *a/isem5t ( ! ,deluge 0 put (f3 accord+ly 7,pet]7 adds3 ,9 ! days ( ,noe1 :5 ! ,ark 0 be+ built4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! expression ,abraham's bosom may be tak5 9 two s5ses4 ,fir/ ( all1 z imply+ t re/fulness1 exi/+ !re1 f s5sible pa92 s t 9 ?is s5se x _c be call$ hell1 nor are !re any sorr[s !re4 ,9 ano!r way x c be tak5 z imply+ ! privation ( long$-= glory3 9 ?is s5se x has ! "* ( hell & sorr[4 ,consequ5tly1 t re/ ( ! bless$ is n[ call$ ,abraham's bosom1 yet x is n /yl$ hell1 nor are sorr[s said to be n[ 9 ,abraham's bosom4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,z ,gregory says 7,moral4 xiii73 ,ev5 ! high] regions ( hell he calls ! deepe/ hell 4 4 4 ,= if relatively to ! height ( heav5 ?is d>ksome air is inf]nal1 !n relatively to ! height ( ?is same air ! e>? ly+ b5ea? c be consid]$ z inf]nal & deep4 ,& aga9 9 comp>ison ) ! height ( ! same e>?1 ^? p>ts ( hell :i* are high] ?an ! o!r inf]nal mansions1 may 9 ?is way be designat$ z ! deepe/ hell4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,:ole ,*ri/ ,0 9 ,hell8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! :ole ,*ri/ 0 n 9 hell4 ,= ,*ri/'s body is "o ( ,8 p>ts4 ,b ,8 body 0 n 9 hell4 ,!re=e1 ! :ole ,*ri/ 0 n 9 hell4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ c be t]m$ :ole :5 its p>ts are sev]$4 ,b ! s\l & body1 :i* are ! p>ts ( human nature1 7 sep>at$ at ,8 dea?1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ej1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d71 & x 0 aft] dea? t ,he desc5d$ into hell4 ,!re=e ! :ole 7,*ri/7 c\ld n be 9 hell4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! :ole ( a ?+ is said to be 9 a place :5 no "p ( x is outside su* place4 ,b !re 7 p>ts ( ,*ri/ outside hell2 = in/ance1 ,8 body 0 9 ! grave1 & ,8 ,godhead ev]y:]e4 ,!re=e ! :ole ,*ri/ 0 n 9 hell4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symbolo iii73 ,! :ole ,son is ) ! ,fa!r1 ! :ole ,son 9 heav51 on e>?1 9 ! ,virg9's womb1 on ! ,cross1 9 hell1 9 p>adise1 into :i* ,he br\ght ! robb]4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is evid5t f :at 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ca1 ,a4 #b1 ad #d71 ! mascul9e g5d] is ref]r$ to ! hypo/asis or p]son1 :ile ! neut] belongs to ! nature4 ,n[ 9 ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 al?\gh ! s\l 0 sep>at$ f ! body1 yet nei!r 0 sep>at$ f ! ,p]son ( ! ,son ( ,god1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ej1 ,a4 #b74 ,consequ5tly1 x mu/ be affirm$ t dur+ ! ?ree days ( ,*ri/'s dea? ! :ole ,*ri/ 0 9 ! tomb1 because ! :ole ,p]son 0 !re ?r\gh ! body unit$ ) ,him1 & likewise ,he 0 entirely 9 hell1 because ! :ole ,p]son ( ,*ri/ 0 !re by reason ( ! s\l unit$ ) ,him1 & ! :ole ,*ri/ 0 !n ev]y:]e by reason ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! body :i* 0 !n 9 ! grave is n a "p ( ! uncreat$ ,p]son1 b ( ! assum$ nature4 ,consequ5tly1 ! fact ( ,*ri/'s body n be+ 9 hell does n prev5t ! :ole ,*ri/ f be+ !re3 b proves t n ev]y?+ app]ta9+ to human nature 0 !re4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! :ole human nature is made up ( ! unit$ s\l & body2 n s ! ,div9e ,p]son4 ,consequ5tly :5 dea? sev]$ ! union ( ! s\l ) ! body1 ! :ole ,*ri/ rema9$1 b ,8 :ole human nature did n rema94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s ,p]son is :ole 9 ea* s+le place1 b n :olly1 because x is n circumscrib$ by any place3 inde$1 all places put toge!r c\ld n comprise ,8 imm5sity2 r is x ,8 imm5sity t embraces all ?+s4 ,b x happ5s 9 ^? ?+s :i* are 9 a place corporeally & circumscriptively1 t if a :ole be 9 "s place1 !n no "p ( x is outside t place4 ,b ?is is n ! case ) ,god4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symbolo iii73 ,x is n accord+ to times or places t we say t ! :ole ,*ri/ is ev]y:]e1 z if ,he 7 at "o "t :ole 9 "o place1 at ano!r "t :ole 9 ano!r3 b z be+ :ole always & ev]y:]e4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,made ,any ,/ay 9 ,hell8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n make any /ay 9 hell4 ,= ,*ri/ w5t d[n into hell to deliv] m5 f !nce4 ,b ,he accompli%$ ?is deliv]ance at once by ,8 desc5t1 =1 accord+ to ,ecclus4 #aa3bc3 ,x is easy 9 ! eyes ( ,god on a sudd5 to make ! poor man ri*4 ,consequ5tly ,he does n seem to h t>ri$ 9 hell4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,passion 7clx7 t ( a sudd5 at our ,"l & ,savi\r's bidd+ all '! b>s ( iron 7 bur/' 7,cf4 ,isa4 #de3b74 ,h5ce on behalf ( ! angels accompany+ ,*ri/ x is writt5 7,ps4 #bc3g1 #i73 ,lift up y\r gates1 ,o ye pr9ces4 ,n[ ,*ri/ desc5d$ ?i!r 9 ord] to break ! bolts ( hell4 ,!re=e ,he did n make any /ay 9 hell4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is relat$ 7,luke #bc3dc7 t our ,"l :ile hang+ on ! cross said to ! ?ief3 ,?is day ?\ %alt be ) ,me 9 p>adise3 f :i* x is evid5t t ,*ri/ 0 9 p>adise on t v day4 ,b ,he 0 n !re ) ,8 body1 = t 0 9 ! grave4 ,!re=e ,he 0 !re ) ! s\l :i* _h gone d[n into hell3 & consequ5tly x appe>s t ,he made no /ay 9 hell4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pet] says 7,acts #b3bd73 ,:om ,god ha? rais$ up1 hav+ loos$ ! sorr[s ( hell1 z x 0 impossible t ,he %\ld be held by x4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he rema9$ 9 hell until ! h\r ( ! ,resurrection4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,*ri/1 9 ord] to take our p5alties ^u ,himself1 will$ ,8 body to be laid 9 ! tomb1 s likewise ,he will$ ,8 s\l to desc5d into hell4 ,b ! body lay 9 ! tomb = a day & two nights1 s z to demon/rate ! tru? ( ,8 dea?4 ,consequ5tly1 x is to be believ$ t ,8 s\l 0 9 hell1 9 ord] t x might be br\ght back out ( hell simultane\sly ) ,8 body f ! tomb4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell ,he deliv]$ ! sa9ts :o 7 !re1 n by lead+ !m out at once f ! conf9es ( hell1 b by enlight5+ !m ) ! light ( glory 9 hell itself4 ,nev]!less x 0 fitt+ t ,8 s\l %\ld abide 9 hell z long z ,8 body rema9$ 9 ! tomb4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by ! expression b>s ( hell are und]/ood ! ob/acles :i* kept ! holy ,fa!rs f quitt+ hell1 ?r\gh ! guilt ( our fir/ p>5t's s92 & ^! b>s ,*ri/ bur/ asund] by ! p[] ( ,8 ,passion on desc5d+ into hell3 nev]!less ,he *ose to rema9 9 hell = "s "t1 = ! reason /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,our ,"l's expression is n to be und]/ood ( ! e>?ly corporeal p>adise1 b ( a spiritual "o1 9 :i* all are said to be :o enjoy ! ,div9e glory4 ,accord+ly1 ! ?ief desc5d$ locally into hell ) ,*ri/1 because x 0 said to him3 ,?is day ?\ %alt be ) ,me 9 p>adise2 /ill z to rew>d he 0 9 p>adise1 because he enjoy$ ,*ri/'s ,godhead j z ! o!r sa9ts did4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,desc5d+ into ,hell ,deliv]$ ! ,holy ,fa!rs f ,!nce8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ desc5d+ into hell did n deliv] ! holy ,fa!rs f !nce4 ,= ,augu/9e 7,epi/4 ad ,evod4 clxiv7 says3 ,i h n yet discov]$ :at ,*ri/ desc5d+ into hell be/[$ ^u ^? righte\s ones :o 7 9 ,abraham's bosom1 f :om ,i fail to see t ,he ev] dep>t$ accord+ to ! beatific pres5ce ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,b _h ,he deliv]$ !m1 ,he w\ld h be/[$ mu* ^u !m4 ,!re=e x does n appe> t ,*ri/ deliv]$ ! holy ,fa!rs f hell4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no "o is deta9$ 9 hell except on acc\nt ( s94 ,b dur+ life ! holy ,fa!rs 7 ju/ifi$ f s9 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly !y did n ne$ to be deliv]$ f hell on ,*ri/'s desc5t ?i!r4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if y remove ! cause1 y remove ! effect4 ,b t ,*ri/ w5t d[n into hell 0 due to s9 :i* 0 tak5 away by ! ,passion1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #di1 ,a4 #a74 ,consequ5tly1 ! holy ,fa!rs 7 n deliv]$ on ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 ! s]mon on ! ,passion already quot$ t :5 ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell ,he broke d[n ! gate & 'iron b>s' ( hell1 sett+ at lib]ty all ! righte\s :o 7 held fa/ ?r\gh orig9al s94 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #d1 ad #b71 :5 ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell ,he work$ ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,8 ,passion4 ,b ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion ! human race 0 deliv]$ n only f s91 b also f ! debt ( its p5alty1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #di1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c74 ,n[ m5 7 held fa/ by ! debt ( puni%m5t 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all = actual s9 :i* ea* _h committ$ p]sonally3 secondly1 = ! s9 ( ! :ole human race1 :i* ea* "o 9 8 orig9 contracts f our fir/ p>5t1 z /at$ 9 ,rom4 #e ( :i* s9 ! p5alty is ! dea? ( ! body z well z exclusion f glory1 z is evid5t f ,g54 #b & #c3 because ,god ca/ out man f p>adise aft] s91 hav+ be=eh& ?reat5$ him ) dea? %\ld he s94 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell1 by ! p[] ( ,8 ,passion ,he deliv]$ ! sa9ts f ! p5alty :]eby !y 7 exclud$ f ! life ( glory1 s z to be unable to see ,god 9 ,8 ,ess5ce1 :]e9 man's beatitude lies1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #c1 ,a4 #h74 ,b ! holy ,fa!rs 7 deta9$ 9 hell = ! reason1 t1 ow+ to our fir/ p>5t's s91 ! approa* to ! life ( glory 0 n op5$4 ,& s :5 ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell ,he deliv]$ ! holy ,fa!rs f !nce4 ,& ?is is :at is writt5 ,ze*4 #i3aa3 ,?\ also by ! blood ( ,?y te/am5t ha/ s5t =? ,?y prison]s out ( ! pit1 :]e9 is no wat]4 ,& 7,col4 #b3ae7 x is writt5 t despoil+ ! pr9cipalities & p[]s1 i4e4 ( hell1 by tak+ out ,isaac & ,jacob1 & ! o!r j s\ls1 ,he l$ !m1 i4e4 ,he br\ght !m f> f ?is k+dom ( d>kness into heav51 z ! gloss expla9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,augu/9e is speak+ !re aga9/ su* z ma9ta9$ t ! righte\s ( old 7 subject to p5al suff]+s be=e ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell4 ,h5ce %ortly be=e ! passage quot$ he says3 ,"s add t ?is b5efit 0 also be/[$ ^u ! sa9ts ( old1 t on ! ,"l's com+ into hell !y 7 fre$ f _! suff]+s4 ,b ,i fail to see h[ ,abraham1 into ^: bosom ! poor man 0 receiv$1 0 ev] 9 su* suff]+s4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 he aft]w>ds adds t he _h n yet discov]$ :at ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell _h br\ght to ! righte\s ( old1 ?is mu/ be und]/ood z to _! be+ fre$ f p5al suff]+s4 ,yet ,*ri/ be/[$ some?+ ^u !m z to _! atta9+ glory3 & 9 consequ5ce ,he dispell$ ! suff]+ :i* !y endur$ ?r\gh _! glory be+ delay$3 /ill !y _h great joy f ! v hope !re(1 accord+ to ,john #h3ef3 ,abraham y\r fa!r rejoic$ t he might see my day4 ,& !re=e he adds3 ,i fail to see t ,he ev] dep>t$1 accord+ to ! beatific pres5ce ( ,8 ,godhead1 t is1 inasmu* z ev5 be=e ,*ri/'s com+ !y 7 happy 9 hope1 al?\gh n yet fully happy 9 fact4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! holy ,fa!rs :ile yet liv+ 7 deliv]$ f orig9al z well z actual s9 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/2 also f ! p5alty ( actual s9s1 b n f ! p5alty ( orig9al s91 :]eby !y 7 exclud$ f glory1 s9ce ! price ( man's r$emption 0 n yet paid3 j z ! fai?ful are n[ deliv]$ by baptism f ! p5alty ( actual s9s1 & f ! p5alty ( orig9al s9 z to exclusion f glory1 yet /ill rema9 b\nd by ! p5alty ( orig9al s9 z to ! necessity ( dy+ 9 ! body because !y are r5ew$ 9 ! _s1 b n yet 9 ! fle%1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3aj3 ,! body inde$ is dead1 because ( s92 b ! _s live?1 because ( ju/ification4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,directly ,*ri/ di$ ,8 s\l w5t d[n into hell1 & be/[$ ! fruits ( ,8 ,passion on ! sa9ts deta9$ !re2 al?\gh !y did n g out z long z ,*ri/ rema9$ 9 hell1 because ,8 pres5ce 0 "p ( ! fulness ( _! glory4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,deliv]$ ,any ( ! ,lo/ f ,hell8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did deliv] "s ( ! lo/ f hell1 because x is writt5 7,isa4 #bd3bb73 ,& !y %all be ga!r$ toge!r z 9 ! ga!r+ ( "o bundle into ! pit1 end !y %all be %ut up !re 9 prison3 & aft] _m days !y %all be visit$4 ,b !re he is speak+ ( ! lo/1 :o _h ador$ ! ho/ ( heav51 accord+ to ,j]ome's comm5t>y4 ,consequ5tly x seems t ev5 ! lo/ 7 visit$ at ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell2 & ?is seems to imply _! deliv]ance4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 on ,ze*4 #i3aa3 ,?\ also by ! blood ( ,?y te/am5t ha/ s5t =? ,?y prison]s out ( ! pit :]e9 is no wat]1 ! gloss obs]ves3 ,?\ ha/ deliv]$ !m :o 7 held b\nd 9 prisons1 :]e no m]cy refre%$ !m1 :i* t ri* man pray$ =4 ,b only ! lo/ are %ut up 9 m]ciless prisons4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did deliv] "s f ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s p[] 0 n less 9 hell ?an 9 ?is _w1 because ,he work$ 9 e place by ! p[] ( ,8 ,godhead4 ,b 9 ?is _w ,he deliv]$ "s p]sons ( e /ate4 ,!re=e1 9 hell also1 ,he deliv]$ "s f ! /ate ( ! lo/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,osee #ac3ad73 ,o dea?1 ,i w be ?y dea?2 ,o hell1 ,i w be ?y bite3 ^u :i* ! gloss says3 ,by lead+ =? ! elect1 & leav+ !re ! reprobate4 ,b only ! reprobate are 9 ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,!re=e1 by ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell none 7 deliv]$ f ! hell ( ! lo/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #e71 :5 ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell ,he work$ by ! p[] ( ,8 ,passion4 ,consequ5tly1 ,8 desc5t into hell br\ght ! fruits ( deliv]ance to !m only :o 7 unit$ to ,8 ,passion ?r\gh fai? quick5$ by *>ity1 :]eby s9s are tak5 away4 ,n[ ^? deta9$ 9 ! hell ( ! lo/ ei!r _h no fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 z infidels2 or if !y _h fai?1 !y _h no con=mity ) ! *>ity ( ! suff]+ ,*ri/3 h5ce !y c\ld n be cleans$ f _! s9s4 ,& on ?is acc\nt ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell br\ght !m no deliv]ance f ! debt ( puni%m5t 9 hell4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell1 all :o 7 9 any "p ( hell 7 visit$ 9 "s respect3 "s to _! consolation & deliv]ance1 o!rs1 namely1 ! lo/1 to _! %ame & confusion4 ,accord+ly ! passage cont9ues3 ,& ! moon %all blu%1 & ! sun be put to %ame1 etc4 ,?is c also be ref]r$ to ! visitation :i* w come ^u !m 9 ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 n = _! deliv]ance1 b = _! yet great] confusion1 accord+ to ,sophon4 i1 #ab3 ,i w visit ^u ! m5 t are settl$ on _! lees4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:5 ! gloss says :]e no m]cy refre%$ !m1 ?is is to be und]/ood ( ! refre%+ ( full deliv]ance1 because ! holy ,fa!rs c\ld n be deliv]$ f ?is prison ( hell be=e ,*ri/'s com+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x 0 n due to any lack ( p[] on ,*ri/'s "p t "s 7 n deliv]$ f e /ate 9 hell1 z out ( e /ate among m5 9 ?is _w2 b x 0 ow+ to ! v diff]5t condition ( ea* /ate4 ,=1 s long z m5 live "h bel[1 !y c be conv]t$ to fai? & *>ity1 because 9 ?is life m5 are n confirm$ ei!r 9 good or 9 evil1 z !y are aft] quitt+ ?is life4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,*ildr5 ,:o ,di$ 9 ,orig9al ,s9 ,7 ,deliv]$ by ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! *ildr5 :o di$ 9 orig9al s9 7 deliv]$ f hell by ,*ri/'s desc5d+ ?i!r4 ,=1 l ! holy ,fa!rs1 ! *ildr5 7 kept 9 hell simply because ( orig9al s94 ,b ! holy ,fa!rs 7 deliv]$ f hell1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e74 ,!re=e ! *ildr5 7 simil>ly deliv]$ f hell by ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ae73 ,if by ! (f5se ( "o1 _m di$2 mu* m ! grace ( ,god & ! gift1 by ! grace ( "o man1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ha? ab\nd$ unto _m4 ,b ! *ildr5 :o die ) none b orig9al s9 are deta9$ 9 hell ow+ to _! fir/ p>5t's s94 ,!re=e1 mu* m 7 !y deliv]$ f hell ?r\gh ! grace ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,baptism works 9 virtue ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 s also does ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell1 z is cle> f :at has be5 said 7,a4 #d1 ad #b1 ,,aa4 #e1 #f74 ,b ?r\gh ,baptism *ildr5 are deliv]$ f orig9al s9 & hell4 ,!re=e1 !y 7 simil>ly deliv]$ by ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #c3be73 ,god ha? propos$ ,*ri/ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4 ,b ! *ildr5 :o _h di$ ) only orig9al s9 7 9 no wise %>]s ( fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e1 !y did n receive ! fruits ( ,*ri/'s propitiation1 s z to be deliv]$ by ,him f hell4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #f71 ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell _h its effect ( deliv]ance on !m only :o ?r\gh fai? & *>ity 7 unit$ to ,*ri/'s ,passion1 9 virtue :]e( ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell 0 "o ( deliv]ance4 ,b ! *ildr5 :o _h di$ 9 orig9al s9 7 9 no way unit$ to ,*ri/'s ,passion by fai? & love3 =1 n hav+ ! use ( free w1 !y c\ld h no fai? ( _! own2 nor 7 !y cleans$ f orig9al s9 ei!r by _! p>5ts' fai? or by any sacram5t ( fai?4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell did n deliv] ! *ildr5 f !nce4 ,& fur!rmore1 ! holy ,fa!rs 7 deliv]$ f hell by be+ admitt$ to ! glory ( ! vision ( ,god1 to :i* no "o c come except ?r\gh grace2 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3bc3 ,! grace ( ,god is life ev]la/+4 ,!re=e1 s9ce *ildr5 dy+ 9 orig9al s9 _h no grace1 !y 7 n deliv]$ f hell4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! holy ,fa!rs1 al?\gh /ill held b\nd by ! debt ( orig9al s91 9 s f> z x t\*es human nature1 7 nev]!less deliv]$ f all /a9 ( s9 by fai? 9 ,*ri/3 consequ5tly1 !y 7 capable ( t deliv]ance :i* ,*ri/ br\ght by desc5d+ into hell4 ,b ! same _c be said ( ! *ildr51 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:5 ! ,apo/le says t ! grace ( ,god ha? ab\nd$ unto _m1 ! ^w _m 99,! ,vulgate reads 'plures1' i4e4 '_m m' is to be tak51 n comp>atively1 z if m 7 sav$ by ,*ri/'s grace ?an lo/ by ,adam's s93 b absolutely1 z if he said t ! grace ( ! "o ,*ri/ ab\nd$ unto _m1 j z ,adam's s9 0 contract$ by _m4 ,b z ,adam's s9 0 contract$ by ^? only :o desc5d$ sem9ally f him accord+ to ! fle%1 s ,*ri/'s grace rea*$ ^? only :o became ,8 memb]s by spiritual reg5]ation3 :i* does n apply to *ildr5 dy+ 9 orig9al s94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,baptism is appli$ to m5 9 ?is life1 9 :i* man's /ate c be *ang$ f s9 into grace3 b ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell 0 v\*saf$ to ! s\ls aft] ?is life :5 !y are no long] capable ( ! said *ange4 ,& consequ5tly by baptism *ildr5 are deliv]$ f orig9al s9 & f hell1 b n by ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,*ri/ by ,8 ,desc5t into ,hell ,deliv]$ ,s\ls f ,purgatory8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ by ,8 desc5t into hell deliv]$ s\ls f ,purgatory--= ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,evod4 clxiv73 ,because evid5t te/imonies speak ( hell & its pa9s1 !re is no reason = believ+ t ! ,savi\r came ?i!r except to rescue m5 f ^? same pa9s3 b ,i /ill wi% to "k :e!r x 0 all :om ,he f\nd !re1 or "s :om ,he deem$ wor?y ( su* a b5efit4 ,yet ,i d n d\bt t ,*ri/ w5t into hell1 & grant$ ?is favor to !m :o 7 suff]+ f its pa9s4 ,b1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #f71 ,he did n conf] ! b5efit ( deliv]ance ^u ! lo/3 & !re are no o!rs 9 a /ate ( p5al suff]+ except ^? 9 ,purgatory4 ,consequ5tly ,*ri/ deliv]$ s\ls f ,purgatory4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! v pres5ce ( ,*ri/'s s\l _h no less effect ?an ,8 sacram5ts h4 ,b s\ls are deliv]$ f ,purgatory by ! sacram5ts1 especially by ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 z %all be %[n lat] 7,suppl41 ,q4 #ga1 ,a4 #i74 ,!re=e mu* m 7 s\ls deliv]$ f ,purgatory by ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ desc5d+ into hell4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,po5it4 ix71 ^? :om ,*ri/ heal$ 9 ?is life ,he heal$ completely4 ,also1 our ,"l says 7,john #g3bc73 ,i h heal$ ! :ole man on ! sabba?-day4 ,b ,*ri/ deliv]$ !m :o 7 9 ,purgatory f ! puni%m5t ( ! pa9 ( loss1 :]eby !y 7 exclud$ f glory4 ,!re=e1 ,he also deliv]$ !m f ! puni%m5t ( ,purgatory4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,gregory says 7,moral4 xiii73 ,s9ce our ,creator & ,r$eem]1 p5etrat+ ! b>s ( hell1 br\ght out f !nce ! s\ls ( ! elect1 ,he does n p]mit u to g ?i!r1 f :5ce ,he has already by desc5d+ set o!rs free4 ,b ,he p]mits u to g to ,purgatory4 ,!re=e1 by desc5d+ into hell1 ,he did n deliv] s\ls f ,purgatory4 ,i answ] t1 ,z we h /at$ m ?an once 7,a4 #d1 ad #b1 ,,aa4 #e1 #f1 #g71 ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell 0 "o ( deliv]ance 9 virtue ( ,8 ,passion4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s ,passion _h a virtue :i* 0 nei!r temporal nor transitory1 b ev]la/+1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aj3ad3 ,= by "o oblation ,he ha? p]fect$ = ev] !m t are sanctifi$4 ,& s x is evid5t t ,*ri/'s ,passion _h no great] efficacy !n ?an x has n[4 ,consequ5tly1 !y :o 7 su* z ^? :o are n[ 9 ,purgatory1 7 n set free f ,purgatory by ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell4 ,b if any 7 f\nd su* z are n[ set free f ,purgatory by virtue ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 !n !re 0 no?+ to h9d] !m f be+ deliv]$ f ,purgatory by ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,f ?is passage ( ,augu/9e x _c be conclud$ t all :o 7 9 ,purgatory 7 deliv]$ f x1 b t su* a b5efit 0 be/[$ ^u "s p]sons1 t is to say1 ^u su* z 7 already cleans$ suffici5tly1 or :o 9 life1 by _! fai? & devotion t[>ds ,*ri/'s dea?1 s m]it$1 t :5 ,he desc5d$1 !y 7 deliv]$ f ! temporal puni%m5t ( ,purgatory4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s p[] op]ates 9 ! sacram5ts by way ( heal+ & expiation4 ,consequ5tly1 ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ deliv]s m5 f ,purgatory inasmu* z x is a satisfactory sacrifice = s94 ,b ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell 0 n satisfactory2 yet x op]at$ 9 virtue ( ! ,passion1 :i* 0 satisfactory1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #dh1 ,a4 #b71 b satisfactory 9 g5]al1 s9ce its virtue _h to be appli$ to ea* individual by some?+ specially p]sonal 7,q4 #di1 ,a4 #a1 ad #d1 #e74 ,consequ5tly1 x does n foll[ ( necessity t all 7 deliv]$ f ,purgatory by ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^? defects f :i* ,*ri/ altoge!r deliv]$ m5 9 ?is _w 7 purely p]sonal1 & conc]n$ ! individual2 :]eas exclusion f ,god's glory 0 a g5]al defect & common to all human nature4 ,consequ5tly1 !re 0 no?+ to prev5t ^? deta9$ 9 ,purgatory be+ deliv]$ by ,*ri/ f _! privation ( glory1 b n f ! debt ( puni%m5t 9 ,purgatory :i* p]ta9s to p]sonal defect4 ,j z on ! o!r h&1 ! holy ,fa!rs be=e ,*ri/'s com+ 7 deliv]$ f _! p]sonal defects1 b n f ! common defect1 z 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #g1 ad #a2 ,q4 #di1 ,a4 #e1 ad #a74 ,,"q #ec ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,resurrection 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ^? ?+s t conc]n ,*ri/'s ,exaltation2 & we %all deal ) 7#a7 ,8 ,resurrection2 7#b7 ,8 ,asc5sion2 7#c7 ,8 sitt+ at ! "r h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r2 7#d7 ,8 ,judici>y ,p[]4 ,"u ! fir/ head+ !re is a f\rfold consid]ation3 7#a7 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection 9 itself2 7#b7 ! quality ( ! ,p]son ris+2 7#c7 ! manife/ation ( ! ,resurrection2 7#d7 its causality4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,! necessity ( ,8 ,resurrection2 7#b7 ,! "t ( ! ,resurrection2 7#c7 ,its ord]2 7#d7 ,its cause4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ec1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,necess>y = ,*ri/ to ,rise ,aga98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n necess>y = ,*ri/ to rise aga94 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv73 ,resurrection is ! ris+ aga9 ( an animate be+1 :i* 0 dis9tegrat$ & fall54 ,b ,*ri/ did n fall by s9n+1 nor 0 ,8 body dissolv$1 z is manife/ f :at 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #ea1 ,a4 #c74 ,!re=e1 x does n prop]ly belong to ,him to rise aga94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :oev] rises aga9 is promot$ to a high] /ate1 s9ce to rise is to be uplift$4 ,b aft] dea? ,*ri/'s body cont9u$ to be unit$ ) ! ,godhead1 h5ce x c\ld n be uplift$ to any high] condition4 ,!re=e1 x 0 n due to x to rise aga94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 all t befell ,*ri/'s humanity 0 orda9$ = our salvation4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion suffic$ = our salvation1 s9ce by x we 7 loos$ f guilt & puni%m5t1 z is cle> f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #di1 ,a4 #a1 #c74 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 n necess>y = ,*ri/ to rise aga9 f ! dead4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #bd3df73 ,x behoov$ ,*ri/ to suff] & to rise aga9 f ! dead4 ,i answ] t1 ,x behoov$ ,*ri/ to rise aga91 = five reasons4 ,fir/ ( all2 = ! comm5dation ( ,div9e ,ju/ice1 to :i* x belongs to exalt !m :o humble !mselves = ,god's sake1 accord+ to ,luke #a3eb3 ,he ha? put d[n ! mighty f _! seat1 & ha? exalt$ ! humble4 ,consequ5tly1 because ,*ri/ humbl$ ,himself ev5 to ! dea? ( ! ,cross1 f love & ob$i5ce to ,god1 x behoov$ ,him to be uplift$ by ,god to a glori\s resurrection2 h5ce x is said 9 ,8 ,p]son 7,ps4 #ach3b73 ,?\ ha/ kn[n1 i4e4 approv$1 my sitt+ d[n1 i4e4 ,my humiliation & ,passion1 & my ris+ up1 i4e4 ,my glorification 9 ! resurrection2 z ! gloss exp\nds4 ,secondly1 = our in/ruction 9 ! fai?1 s9ce our belief 9 ,*ri/'s ,godhead is confirm$ by ,8 ris+ aga91 because1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #ac3d1 al?\gh ,he 0 crucifi$ ?r\gh weakness1 yet ,he live? by ! p[] ( ,god4 ,& !re=e x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ad73 ,if ,*ri/ be n ris5 aga91 !n is our prea*+ va91 & our ,vulg43 'y\r' fai? is also va93 & 7,ps4 #bi3aj73 ,:at pr(it is !re 9 my blood8 t is1 9 ! %$d+ ( ,my blood1 :ile ,i g d[n1 z by v>i\s degrees ( evils1 into corruption8 ,z ?\gh ,he 7 to answ]3 ,none4 ',= if ,i d n at once rise aga9 b ,my body be corrupt$1 ,i %all prea* to no "o1 ,i %all ga9 no "o1' z ! gloss exp\nds4 ,?irdly1 = ! rais+ ( our hope1 s9ce ?r\gh see+ ,*ri/1 :o is our head1 rise aga91 we hope t we likewise %all rise aga94 ,h5ce x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ab73 ,n[ if ,*ri/ be prea*$ t ,he rose f ! dead1 h[ d "s among y say1 t !re is no resurrection ( ! dead8 ,& 7,job #ai3be1 #bg73 ,i "k1 t is ) c]ta9ty ( fai?1 t my ,r$eem]1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 live?1 hav+ ris5 f ! dead2 & !re=e 9 ! la/ day ,i %all rise out ( ! e>? 4 4 4 ?is my hope is laid up 9 my bosom4 ,f\r?ly1 to set 9 ord] ! lives ( ! fai?ful3 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3d3 ,z ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead by ! glory ( ! ,fa!r1 s we also may walk 9 newness ( life3 & fur!r on2 ,*ri/ ris+ f ! dead die? n[ no m2 s d y also reckon t y are dead to s91 b alive to ,god4 ,fif?ly1 9 ord] to complete ! "w ( our salvation3 because1 j z = ?is reason did ,he endure evil ?+s 9 dy+ t ,he might deliv] u f evil1 s 0 ,he glorifi$ 9 ris+ aga9 9 ord] to advance u t[>ds good ?+s2 accord+ to ,rom4 #d3be3 ,he 0 deliv]$ up = our s9s1 & rose aga9 = our ju/ification4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/ did n fall by s91 yet ,he fell by dea?1 because z s9 is a fall f righte\sness1 s dea? is a fall f life3 h5ce ! words ( ,mic4 #g3h c be tak5 z ?\gh spok5 by ,*ri/3 ,rejoice n ?\1 my enemy1 ov] me1 because ,i am fall53 ,i %all rise aga94 ,likewise1 al?\gh ,*ri/'s body 0 n dis9tegrat$ by return+ to du/1 yet ! sep>ation ( ,8 s\l & body 0 a k9d ( dis9tegration4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,godhead 0 unit$ ) ,*ri/'s fle% aft] dea? by p]sonal union1 b n by natural union2 ?us ! s\l is unit$ ) ! body z its =m1 s z to con/itute human nature4 ,consequ5tly1 by ! union ( ! body & s\l1 ! body 0 uplift$ to a high] condition ( nature1 b n to a high] p]sonal /ate4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s ,passion wr\ght our salvation1 prop]ly speak+1 by remov+ evils2 b ! ,resurrection did s z ! beg9n+ & exempl> ( all good ?+s4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ec1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ = ,*ri/ to ,rise ,aga9 on ! ,?ird ,day8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld h ris5 aga9 on ! ?ird day4 ,= ! memb]s ought to be 9 con=mity ) _! head4 ,b we :o are ,8 memb]s d n rise f dea? on ! ?ird day1 s9ce our ris+ is put (f until ! end ( ! _w4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ,*ri/1 :o is our head1 %\ld n h ris5 on ! ?ird day1 b t ,8 ,resurrection ought to h be5 def]r$ until ! end ( ! _w4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,pet] said 7,acts #b3bd7 t x 0 impossible = ,*ri/ to be held fa/ by hell & dea?4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s ris+ ought n to h be5 def]r$ until ! ?ird day1 b t ,he ought to h ris5 at once on ! same day2 especially s9ce ! gloss quot$ above 7,a4 #a7 says t !re is no pr(it 9 ! %$d+ ( ,*ri/'s blood1 if ,he did n rise at once4 ,obj4 #c3 ,! day seems to />t ) ! ris+ ( ! sun1 ! pres5ce ( :i* causes ! day4 ,b ,*ri/ rose be=e sunrise3 = x is relat$ 7,john #bj3a7 t ,m>y ,magdal5 come? e>ly1 :5 x 0 yet d>k1 unto ! sepul*re3 b ,*ri/ 0 already ris51 = x goes on to say3 ,& %e saw ! /one tak5 away f ! sepul*re4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n rise on ! ?ird day4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #bj3ai73 ,!y %all deliv] ,him to ! ,g5tiles to be mock$1 & sc\rg$1 & crucifi$1 & ! ?ird day ,he %all rise aga94 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a7 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection 0 necess>y = ! in/ruction ( our fai?4 ,b our fai? reg>ds ,*ri/'s ,godhead & humanity1 = x is n en\gh to believe ! "o )\t ! o!r1 z is evid5t f :at has be5 said 7,q4 #cf1 ,a4 #d2 cf4 ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #b1 ,,aa4 #g1 #h74 ,consequ5tly1 9 ord] t our fai? 9 ! tru? ( ,8 ,godhead might be confirm$ x 0 necess>y t ,he %\ld rise spe$ily1 & t ,8 ,resurrection %\ld n be def]r$ until ! end ( ! _w4 ,b to confirm our fai? reg>d+ ! tru? ( ,8 humanity & dea?1 x 0 ne$ful t !re %\ld be "s int]val betwe5 ,8 dea? & ris+4 ,= if ,he _h ris5 directly aft] dea?1 x might seem t ,8 dea? 0 n g5u9e & consequ5tly nei!r w\ld ,8 ,resurrection be true4 ,b to e/abli% ! tru? ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 x 0 en\gh = ,8 ris+ to be def]r$ until ! ?ird day1 = )9 t "t "s signs ( life always appe> 9 "o :o appe>s to be dead :]eas he is alive4 ,fur!rmore1 by ,8 ris+ on ! ?ird day1 ! p]fection ( ! numb] ?ree is comm5d$1 :i* is ! numb] ( ev]y?+1 z hav+ beg9n+1 middle1 & end1 z is said 9 ,de ,coelo i4 ,aga9 9 ! my/ical s5se we are taught t ,*ri/ by ,8 "o dea? 7i4e4 ( ! body7 :i* 0 light1 by reason ( ,8 righte\sness1 de/roy$ our two dea?s 7i4e4 ( s\l & body71 :i* are z d>kness on acc\nt ( s92 consequ5tly1 ,he rema9$ 9 dea? = "o day & two nights1 z ,augu/9e obs]ves 7,de ,tr94 iv74 ,& !reby is also signifi$ t a ?ird epo* began ) ! ,resurrection3 = ! fir/ 0 be=e ! ,law2 ! second "u ! ,law2 & ! ?ird "u grace4 ,moreov] ! ?ird /ate ( ! sa9ts began ) ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/3 =1 ! fir/ 0 "u figures ( ! ,law2 ! second "u ! tru? ( fai?2 :ile ! ?ird w be 9 ! et]nity ( glory1 :i* ,*ri/ inaugurat$ by ris+ aga94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! head & memb]s are lik5$ 9 nature1 b n 9 p[]2 because ! p[] ( ! head is m excell5t ?an t ( ! memb]s4 ,accord+ly1 to %[ =? ! excell5ce ( ,*ri/'s p[]1 x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld rise on ! ?ird day1 :ile ! resurrection ( ! re/ is put (f until ! end ( ! _w4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,det5tion implies a c]ta9 compulsion4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 n held fa/ by any necessity ( dea?1 b 0 free among ! dead3 & !re=e ,he abode a :ile 9 dea?1 n z "o held fa/1 b ( ,8 own w1 j s long z ,he deem$ necess>y = ! in/ruction ( our fai?4 ,& a task is said to be done at once :i* is p]=m$ )9 a %ort space ( "t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #ea1 ,a4 #d1 ad #a1 #b71 ,*ri/ rose e>ly :5 ! day 0 beg9n+ to dawn1 to d5ote t by ,8 ,resurrection ,he br\ght u to ! light ( glory2 j z ,he di$ :5 ! day 0 draw+ to its close1 & ne>+ to d>kness1 9 ord] to signify t by ,8 dea? ,he w\ld de/roy ! d>kness ( s9 & its puni%m5t4 ,nev]!less ,he is said to h ris5 on ! ?ird day1 tak+ day z a natural day :i* conta9s tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,& z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv73 ,! night until ! dawn1 :5 ! ,"l's ,resurrection 0 proclaim$1 belongs to ! ?ird day4 ,because ,god1 :o made ! light to %9e =? f d>kness1 9 ord] t by ! grace ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & p>tak+ ( ,*ri/'s ris+ we might he> ?is--'once ye 7 d>kness1 b n[ light 9 ! ,"l'--ins9uates 9 a measure to u t day draws its orig9 f night3 =1 z ! fir/ days are comput$ f light to d>kness on acc\nt ( man's com+ fall1 s ^! days are reckon$ f d>kness to light ow+ to man's re/oration4 ,& s x is evid5t t ev5 if ,he _h ris5 at midnight1 ,he c\ld be said to h ris5 on ! ?ird day1 tak+ x z a natural day4 ,b n[ t ,he rose e>ly1 x c be affirm$ t ,he rose on ! ?ird day1 ev5 tak+ ! artificial day :i* is caus$ by ! sun's pres5ce1 because ! sun _h already begun to bright5 ! sky4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,mk4 #af3b7 t ! wom5 come to ! sepul*re1 ! sun be+ n[ ris52 :i* is n contr>y to ,john's /atem5t :5 x 0 yet d>k1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons4 ,evang4 iii71 because1 z ! day advances ! m ! light rises1 ! m are ! rema9+ %ad[s dispell$4 ,b :5 ,m>k says '! sun be+ n[ ris51' x is n to be tak5 z if ! sun 7 already app>5t ov] ! horizon1 b z com+ pres5tly into ^? p>ts4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ec1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ! ,fir/ to ,rise f ! ,dead8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ 0 n ! fir/ to rise f ! dead1 because we read 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ( "s p]sons rais$ to life by ,elias & ,eliseus1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aa3ce3 ,wom5 receiv$ _! dead rais$ to life aga93 also ,*ri/ be=e ,8 ,passion rais$ ?ree dead p]sons to life4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n ! fir/ to rise f ! dead4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 among ! o!r miracles :i* happ5$ dur+ ! ,passion1 x is n>rat$ 7,matt4 #bg3eb7 t ! monum5ts 7 op5$1 & _m bodies ( ! sa9ts :o _h slept rose aga94 ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 n ! fir/ to rise f ! dead4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,*ri/ by ,8 own ris+ is ! cause ( our resurrection1 s by ,8 grace ,he is ! cause ( our grace1 accord+ to ,john #a3af3 ,( ,8 fulness we all h receiv$4 ,b 9 po9t ( "t "s o!rs _h grace previ\s to ,*ri/--= in/ance all ! fa!rs ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!re=e "s o!rs came to ! resurrection ( ! body be=e ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3bj73 ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead1 ! fir/ fruits ( !m t sleep--because1 says ! gloss1 ,he rose fir/ 9 po9t ( "t & dignity4 ,i answ] t1 ,resurrection is a re/or+ f dea? to life4 ,n[ a man is snat*$ f dea? 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all1 f actual dea?1 s t he beg9s 9 any way to live anew aft] be+ actually dead3 9 ano!r way1 s t he is n only rescu$ f dea?1 b f ! necessity1 nay m1 f ! possibility ( dy+ aga94 ,su* is a true & p]fect resurrection1 because s long z a man lives1 subject to ! necessity ( dy+1 dea? has dom9ion ov] him 9 a measure1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3aj3 ,! body inde$ is dead because ( s94 ,fur!rmore1 :at has ! possibility ( exi/5ce1 is said to exi/ 9 "s respect1 t is1 9 pot5tiality4 ,?us x is evid5t t ! resurrection1 :]eby "o is rescu$ f actual dea? only1 is b an imp]fect "o4 ,consequ5tly1 speak+ ( p]fect resurrection1 ,*ri/ is ! fir/ ( !m :o rise1 because by ris+ ,he 0 ! fir/ to atta9 life utt]ly immortal1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3i3 ,*ri/ ris+ f ! dead die? n[ no m4 ,b by an imp]fect resurrection1 "s o!rs h ris5 be=e ,*ri/1 s z to be a k9d ( figure ( ,8 ,resurrection4 ,& ?us ! answ] to ! fir/ objection is cle>3 because bo? ^? rais$ f ! dead 9 ! old ,te/am5t1 & ^? rais$ by ,*ri/1 s return$ to life t !y _h to die aga94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,!re are two op9ions reg>d+ !m :o rose ) ,*ri/4 ,"s hold t !y rose to life s z to die no m1 because x w\ld be a great] torm5t = !m to die a second "t ?an n to rise at all4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 z ,j]ome obs]ves on ,matt4 #bg3eb1 #ec1 we mu/ und]/& t !y _h n ris5 be=e our ,"l rose4 ,h5ce ! ,evangeli/ says t com+ out ( ! tombs aft] ,8 ,resurrection1 !y came into ! holy city1 & appe>$ to _m4 ,b ,augu/9e 7,ep4 ad ,evod4 clxiv7 :ile giv+ ?is op9ion1 says3 ,i "k t x appe>s "s1 t by ! dea? ( ,*ri/ ! ,"l ! same resurrection 0 be/[$ ^u ! righte\s z is promis$ to u 9 ! end2 & if !y slept n aga9 by lay+ aside _! bodies1 x rema9s to be se5 h[ ,*ri/ c be und]/ood to be '! fir/-born ( ! dead1' if s _m prec$$ ,him unto t resurrection4 ,n[ if reply be made t ?is is said by anticipation1 s t ! monum5ts be und]/ood to h be5 op5$ by ! e>?quake :ile ,*ri/ 0 /ill hang+ on ! cross1 b t ! bodies ( ! j did n rise !n b aft] ,he _h ris51 ! difficulty /ill arises--h[ is x t ,pet] ass]ts t x 0 pr$ict$ n ( ,david b ( ,*ri/1 t ,8 body w\ld n see corruption1 s9ce ,david's tomb 0 9 _! mid/2 & ?us he did n conv9ce !m1 if ,david's body 0 no long] !re2 = ev5 if he _h ris5 soon aft] 8 dea?1 & 8 fle% _h n se5 corruption1 8 tomb might nev]!less rema94 ,n[ x seems h>d t ,david f ^: se$ ,*ri/ is desc5d$1 0 n 9 t ris+ ( ! j1 if an et]nal ris+ 0 conf]r$ ^u !m4 ,also t say+ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews 7#aa3dj7 reg>d+ ! anci5t j w\ld be h>d to expla91 't !y %\ld n be p]fect$ )\t u1' if !y 7 already e/abli%$ 9 t incorruption ( ! resurrection :i* is promis$ at ! end :5 we %all be made p]fect3 s t ,augu/9e w\ld seem to ?9k t !y rose to die aga94 ,9 ?is s5se ,j]ome also 9 comm5t+ on ,mat!w 7#bg3eb1 #ec7 says3 ,z ,laz>us rose1 s also _m ( ! bodies ( ! sa9ts rose1 t !y might be> witness to ! ris5 ,*ri/4 ,nev]!less 9 a s]mon = ! ,assumption 99,ep4 ix ad ,paul4 et ,eu/o*42 among ! supposititi\s works ascrib$ to ,/4 ,j]ome he seems to leave ! matt] d\btful4 ,b ,augu/9e's reasons seem to be mu* m cog5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ev]y?+ prec$+ ,*ri/'s com+ 0 prep>atory = ,*ri/1 s is grace a disposition = glory4 ,consequ5tly1 x behoov$ all ?+s app]ta9+ to glory1 :e!r !y reg>d ! s\l1 z ! p]fect fruition ( ,god1 or :e!r !y reg>d ! body1 z ! glori\s resurrection1 to be fir/ 9 ,*ri/ z ! au?or ( glory3 b t grace %\ld be fir/ 9 ^? t 7 orda9$ unto ,*ri/4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ec1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,0 ! ,cause ( ,8 ,own ,resurrection8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ 0 n ! cause ( ,8 own ,resurrection4 ,= :oev] is rais$ up by ano!r is n ! cause ( 8 own ris+4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 rais$ up by ano!r1 accord+ to ,acts #b3bd3 ,:om ,god ha? rais$ up1 hav+ loos$ ! sorr[s ( hell3 & ,rom4 #h3aa3 ,he t rais$ up ,jesus ,*ri/ f ! dead1 %all quick5 also y\r mortal bodies4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n ! cause ( ,8 own ,resurrection4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no "o is said to m]it1 or ask f ano!r1 t ( :i* he is himself ! cause4 ,b ,*ri/ by ,8 ,passion m]it$ ! ,resurrection1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 civ 9 ,joan473 ,! l[l9ess ( ! ,passion is ! m]itori\s cause ( ! glory ( ! ,resurrection4 ,moreov] ,he ask$ ! ,fa!r t ,he might be rais$ up aga91 accord+ to ,ps4 #dj3aa3 ,b ?\1 ,o ,"l1 h m]cy on me1 & raise me up aga94 ,!re=e ,he 0 n ! cause ( ,8 ris+ aga94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,damasc5e proves 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv71 x is n ! s\l t rises aga91 b ! body1 :i* is /rick5 by dea?4 ,b ! body c\ld n unite ! s\l ) itself1 s9ce ! s\l is nobl]4 ,!re=e :at rose 9 ,*ri/ c\ld n be ! cause ( ,8 ,resurrection4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,our ,"l says 7,john #aj3ah73 ,no "o take? ,my s\l f ,me1 b ,i lay x d[n1 & ,i take x up aga94 ,b to rise is no?+ else ?an to take ! s\l up aga94 ,consequ5tly1 x appe>s t ,*ri/ rose aga9 ( ,8 own p[]4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #ej1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c7 9 consequ5ce ( dea? ,*ri/'s ,godhead 0 n sep>at$ f ,8 s\l1 nor f ,8 fle%4 ,consequ5tly1 bo? ! s\l & ! fle% ( ! dead ,*ri/ c be consid]$ 9 two respects3 fir/1 9 respect ( ,8 ,godhead2 secondly1 9 respect ( ,8 creat$ nature4 ,!re=e1 accord+ to ! virtue ( ! ,godhead unit$ to x1 ! body took back aga9 ! s\l :i* x _h laid aside1 & ! s\l took back aga9 ! body :i* x _h ab&on$3 & ?us ,*ri/ rose by ,8 own p[]4 ,& ?is is precisely :at is writt5 7#b ,cor4 #ac3d73 ,= al?\gh ,he 0 crucifi$ ?r\gh our weakness1 yet ,he live? by ! p[] ( ,god4 ,b if we consid] ! body & s\l ( ! dead ,*ri/ accord+ to ! p[] ( creat$ nature1 !y c\ld n ?us be reunit$1 b x 0 necess>y = ,*ri/ to be rais$ up by ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,div9e p[] is ! same ?+ z ! op]ation ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son2 accord+ly ^! two ?+s are mutually consequ5t1 t ,*ri/ 0 rais$ up by ! ,div9e p[] ( ! ,fa!r1 & by ,8 own p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ by pray+ bes\ght & m]it$ ,8 ,resurrection1 z man & n z ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accord+ to its creat$ nature ,*ri/'s body is n m p[]ful ?an ,8 s\l2 yet accord+ to its ,div9e p[] x is m p[]ful4 ,aga9 ! s\l by reason ( ! ,godhead unit$ to x is m p[]ful ?an ! body 9 respect ( its creat$ nature4 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 by ! ,div9e p[] t ! body & s\l mutually resum$ ea* o!r1 b n by ! p[] ( _! creat$ nature4 ,,"q #ed ,,( ,,! ,,quality ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,ris+ ,,aga9 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! quality ( ! ris+ ,*ri/1 :i* pres5ts f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ _h a true body aft] ,8 ,resurrection8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he rose ) ,8 complete body8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,8 0 a glorifi$ body8 7#d7 ,( ! sc>s :i* %[$ 9 ,8 body4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ed1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,_h a ,true ,body ,aft] ,8 ,resurrection8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n h a true body aft] ,8 ,resurrection4 ,= a true body _c be 9 ! same place at ! same "t ) ano!r body4 ,b aft] ! ,resurrection ,*ri/'s body 0 ) ano!r at ! same "t 9 ! same place3 s9ce ,he ent]$ among ! disciples ! doors be+ %ut1 z is relat$ 9 ,john #bj3bf4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ did n h a true body aft] ,8 ,resurrection4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a true body does n vani% f ! behold]'s sight unless p]*ance x be corrupt$4 ,b ,*ri/'s body vani%$ out ( ! sight ( ! disciples z !y gaz$ ^u ,him1 z is relat$ 9 ,luke #bd3ca4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ,*ri/ did n h a true body aft] ,8 ,resurrection4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 e true body has its det]m9ate %ape4 ,b ,*ri/'s body appe>$ be=e ! disciples 9 ano!r %ape1 z is evid5t f ,mk4 #ae3ab4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ did n possess a true body aft] ,8 ,resurrection4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,luke #bd3cg7 t :5 ,*ri/ appe>$ to ,8 disciples !y be+ tr\bl$ & fright5$1 suppos$ t !y saw a _s1 z if ,he _h n a true b an imag9>y body3 b to remove _! fe>s ,he pres5tly add$3 ,h&le & see1 = a _s ha? n fle% & bones1 z y see ,me to h4 ,consequ5tly1 ,he _h n an imag9>y b a true body4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv73 t is said to rise1 :i* fell4 ,b ,*ri/'s body fell by dea?2 namely1 inasmu* z ! s\l :i* 0 its =mal p]fection 0 sep>at$ f x4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] = x to be a true resurrection1 x 0 necess>y = ! same body ( ,*ri/ to be once m unit$ ) ! same s\l4 ,& s9ce ! tru? ( ! body's nature is f its =m x foll[s t ,*ri/'s body aft] ,8 ,resurrection 0 a true body1 & ( ! same nature z x 0 be=e4 ,b _h ,8 be5 an imag9>y body1 !n ,8 ,resurrection w\ld n h be5 true1 b app>5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s body aft] ,8 ,resurrection1 n by miracle b f its glorifi$ condition1 z "s say1 ent]$ 9 among ! disciples :ile ! doors 7 %ut1 ?us exi/+ ) ano!r body 9 ! same place4 ,b :e!r a glorifi$ body c h ?is f "s hidd5 prop]ty1 s z to be ) ano!r body at ! same "t 9 ! same place1 w be discuss$ lat] 7,suppl41 ,q4 #hc1 ,a4 #d7 :5 ! common resurrection w be dealt )4 ,= ! pres5t let x suffice to say t x 0 n f any prop]ty )9 ! body1 b by virtue ( ! ,godhead unit$ to x1 t ?is body1 al?\gh a true "o1 ent]$ 9 among ! disciples :ile ! doors 7 %ut4 ,accord+ly ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon = ,ea/] 7ccxlvii7 t "s m5 argue 9 ?is fa%ion3 ,if x 7 a body2 if :at rose f ! sepul*re 7 :at hung ^u ! tree1 h[ c\ld x ent] ?r\gh clos$ doors8 ,& he answ]s3 ,if y und]/& h[1 x is no miracle3 :]e reason fails1 fai? ab\nds4 ,& 7,tract4 cxxi sup] ,joan47 he says3 ,clos$ doors 7 no ob/acle to ! sub/ance ( a ,body :]e9 0 ! ,godhead2 = truly ,he c\ld ent] 9 by doors n op51 9 ^: ,bir? ,8 ,"m's virg9ity rema9$ inviolate4 ,& ,gregory says ! same 9 a homily = ! octave ( ,ea/] 7xxvi 9 ,evang474 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #ec1 ,a4 #c71 ,*ri/ rose to ! immortal life ( glory4 ,b su* is ! disposition ( a glorifi$ body t x is spiritual1 i4e4 subject to ! _s1 z ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3dd74 ,n[ 9 ord] = ! body to be entirely subject to ! _s1 x is necess>y = ! body's e action to be subject to ! w ( ! _s4 ,aga91 t an object be se5 is due to ! action ( ! visible object ^u ! sight1 z ! ,philosoph] %[s 7,de ,anima ii74 ,consequ5tly1 :oev] has a glorifi$ body has x 9 8 p[] to be se5 :5 he s wi%es1 & n to be se5 :5 he does n wi% x4 ,moreov] ,*ri/ _h ?is n only f ! condition ( ,8 glorifi$ body1 b also f ! p[] ( ,8 ,godhead1 by :i* p[] x may happ5 t ev5 bodies n glorifi$ are miracul\sly unse53 z 0 by a miracle be/[$ on ! bless$ ,b>?olomew1 t if he wi%$ he c\ld be se51 & n be se5 if he did n wi% x 99,apocryphal ,hi/oria ,apo/4 viii1 #b4 ,*ri/1 !n1 is said to h vani%$ f ! eyes ( ! disciples1 n z ?\gh ,he 7 corrupt$ or dissolv$ into invisible elem5ts2 b because ,he ceas$1 ( ,8 own w1 to be se5 by !m1 ei!r :ile ,he 0 pres5t or :ile ,he 0 dep>t+ by ! gift ( agility4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,sev]ianus 99,pet] ,*rysologus3 ,s]m4 lxxxii says 9 a s]mon = ,ea/]3 ,let no "o suppose t ,*ri/ *ang$ ,8 features at ! ,resurrection4 ,?is is to be und]/ood ( ! outl9e ( ,8 memb]s2 s9ce !re 0 no?+ out ( keep+ or de=m$ 9 ! body ( ,*ri/ :i* 0 conceiv$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 t _h to be right$ at ! ,resurrection4 ,nev]!less ,he receiv$ ! glory ( cl>ity 9 ! ,resurrection3 accord+ly ! same writ] adds3 b ! semblance is *ang$1 :51 ceas+ to be mortal1 x becomes immortal2 s t x acquir$ ! glory ( c\nt5ance1 )\t los+ ! sub/ance ( ! c\nt5ance4 ,yet ,he did n come to ^? disciples 9 glorifi$ appe>ance2 b1 z x lay 9 ,8 p[] = ,8 body to be se5 or n1 s x 0 )9 ,8 p[] to pres5t to ! eyes ( ! behold]s ,8 =m ei!r glorifi$ or n glorifi$1 or p>tly glorifi$ & p>tly n1 or 9 any fa%ion :atsoev]4 ,/ill x requires b a slight diff]5ce = anyone to seem to appe> ano!r %ape4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ed1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,rose ,glorifi$8 99,"s editions give ?is article z ! ?ird1 foll[+ ! ord] ( ! introduction to ! "q4 ,b x is evid5t f ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! body ( ,a4 #c 7,a4 #b 9 ! a=esaid editions71 t ! ord] ( ! ,leon9e edition is correct4 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/'s body did n rise glorifi$4 ,= glorifi$ bodies %9e1 accord+ to ,matt4 #ac3dc3 ,!n %all ! j %9e z ! sun 9 ! k+dom ( _! ,fa!r4 ,b %9+ bodies are se5 "u ! aspect ( light1 b n ( color4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,*ri/'s body 0 beheld "u ! aspect ( color1 z x _h be5 hi!rto1 x seems t x 0 n a glorifi$ "o4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a glorifi$ body is incorruptible4 ,b ,*ri/'s body seems n to h be5 incorruptible2 because x 0 palpable1 z ,he ,himself says 9 ,luke #bd3ci3 ,h&le1 & see4 ,n[ ,gregory says 7,hom4 9 ,evang4 xxvi7 t :at is h&l$ mu/ be corruptible1 & t :i* is incorruptible _c be h&l$4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s body 0 n glorifi$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a glorifi$ body is n animal1 b spiritual1 z is cle> f #a ,cor4 #ae4 ,b aft] ! ,resurrection ,*ri/'s body seems to h be5 animal1 s9ce ,he ate & drank ) ,8 disciples1 z we read 9 ! clos+ *apt]s ( ,luke & ,john4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ,*ri/'s body 0 n glorifi$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,phil4 #c3ba73 ,he w re=m ! body ( our l[ness1 made l to ! body ( ,8 glory4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s 0 a glorifi$ body 9 ,8 ,resurrection1 & ?is is evid5t f ?ree reasons4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ,8 ,resurrection 0 ! exempl> & ! cause ( ours1 z is /at$ 9 #a ,cor4 #ae3dc4 ,b 9 ! resurrection ! sa9ts w h glorifi$ bodies1 z is writt5 9 ! same place3 ,x is s[n 9 di%onor1 x %all rise 9 glory4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ! cause is mighti] ?an ! effect1 & ! exempl> ?an ! exemplate2 mu* m glori\s1 !n1 0 ! body ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 ,resurrection4 ,secondly1 because ,he m]it$ ! glory ( ,8 ,resurrection by ! l[l9ess ( ,8 ,passion4 ,h5ce ,he said 7,john #ab3bg73 ,n[ is ,my s\l tr\bl$1 :i* ref]s to ! ,passion2 & lat] ,he adds3 ,fa!r1 glorify ,?y "n1 :]eby ,he asks = ! glory ( ! ,resurrection4 ,?irdly1 because z /at$ above 7,q4 #cd1 ,a4 #d71 ,*ri/'s s\l 0 glorifi$ f ! in/ant ( ,8 conception by p]fect fruition ( ! ,godhead4 ,b1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b71 x 0 ow+ to ! ,div9e economy t ! glory did n pass f ,8 s\l to ,8 body1 9 ord] t by ! ,passion ,he might accompli% ! my/]y ( our r$emption4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ?is my/]y ( ,*ri/'s ,passion & dea? 0 f9i%$1 /raightway ! s\l communicat$ its glory to ! ris5 body 9 ! ,resurrection2 & s t body 0 made glori\s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:atev] is receiv$ )9 a subject is receiv$ accord+ to ! subject's capacity4 ,!re=e1 s9ce glory fl[s f ! s\l into ! body1 x foll[s t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,dioscor4 cxviii71 ! brightness or spl5dor ( a glorifi$ body is aft] ! mann] ( natural color 9 ! human body2 j z v>i\sly color$ glass d]ives its spl5dor f ! sun's radiance1 accord+ to ! mode ( ! color4 ,b z x lies )9 ! p[] ( a glorifi$ man :e!r 8 body be se5 or n1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 s is x 9 8 p[] :e!r its spl5dor be se5 or n4 ,accord+ly x c be se5 9 its color )\t its brightness4 ,& x 0 9 ?is way t ,*ri/'s body appe>$ to ! disciples aft] ! ,resurrection4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,we say t a body c be h&l$ n only because ( its resi/ance1 b also on acc\nt ( its d5sity4 ,b f r>ity & d5sity foll[ weight & lightness1 heat & cold1 & simil> contr>ies1 :i* are ! pr9ciples ( corruption 9 elem5t>y bodies4 ,consequ5tly1 a body t c be h&l$ by human t\* is naturally corruptible4 ,b if !re be a body t resi/s t\*1 & yet is n dispos$ accord+ to ! qualities m5tion$1 :i* are ! prop] objects ( human t\*1 su* z a heav5ly body1 !n su* body _c be said to be h&l$4 ,b ,*ri/'s body aft] ! ,resurrection 0 truly made up ( elem5ts1 & _h tangible qualities su* z ! nature ( a human body requires1 & !re=e x c\ld naturally be h&l$2 & if x _h no?+ beyond ! nature ( a human body1 x w\ld likewise be corruptible4 ,b x _h some?+ else :i* made x incorruptible1 & ?is 0 n ! nature ( a heav5ly body1 z "s ma9ta91 & into :i* we %all make full] inquiry lat] 7,suppl41 ,q4 #hb1 ,a4 #a71 b x 0 glory fl[+ f a beatifi$ s\l3 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,dioscor4 cxviii73 ,god made ! s\l ( su* p[]ful nature1 t f its fulle/ beatitude ! fulness ( heal? ov]fl[s into ! body1 t is1 ! vigor ( incorruption4 ,& !re=e ,gregory says 7,hom4 9 ,evang4 xxvi73 ,*ri/'s body is %[n to be ( ! same nature1 b ( diff]5t glory1 aft] ! ,resurrection4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiii73 ,aft] ! ,resurrection1 our ,savi\r 9 spiritual b true fle% p>took ( meat ) ! disciples1 n f ne$ ( food1 b because x lay 9 ,8 p[]4 ,= z ,b$e says on ,luke #bd3da3 ,! ?ir/y e>? sucks 9 ! wat]1 & ! sun's burn+ ray absorbs x2 ! =m] f ne$1 ! latt] by its p[]4 ,h5ce aft] ! ,resurrection ,he ate1 n z ne$+ food1 b 9 ord] ?us to %[ ! nature ( ,8 ris5 body4 ,nor does x foll[ t ,8 0 an animal body t /&s 9 ne$ ( food4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ed1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,rose ,aga9 ,entire8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s body did n rise entire4 ,= fle% & blood belong to ! integrity ( ! body3 :]eas ,*ri/ seems n to h _h bo?1 = x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ej73 ,fle% & blood c n possess ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,b ,*ri/ rose 9 ! glory ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he did n h fle% & blood4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 blood is "o ( ! f\r humors4 ,consequ5tly1 if ,*ri/ _h blood1 ) equal reason ,he also _h ! o!r humors1 f :i* corruption is caus$ 9 animal bodies4 ,x w\ld foll[1 !n1 t ,*ri/'s body 0 corruptible1 :i* is unseemly4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n h fle% & blood4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! body ( ,*ri/ :i* rose1 asc5d$ to heav54 ,b "s ( ,8 blood is kept z relics 9 v>i\s *ur*es4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body did n rise ) ! integrity ( all its p>ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,luke #bd3ci7 :ile address+ ,8 disciples aft] ! ,resurrection3 ,a _s ha? n fle% & bones z y see ,me to h4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 ,*ri/'s body 9 ! ,resurrection 0 ( ! same nature1 b diff]$ 9 glory4 ,accord+ly1 :atev] goes ) ! nature ( a human body1 0 entirely 9 ! body ( ,*ri/ :5 ,he rose aga94 ,n[ x is cle> t fle%1 bones1 blood1 & o!r su* ?+s1 are ( ! v nature ( ! human body4 ,consequ5tly1 all ^! ?+s 7 9 ,*ri/'s body :5 ,he rose aga92 & ?is also integrally1 )\t any dim9ution2 o!rwise x w\ld n h be5 a complete resurrection1 if :atev] 0 lo/ by dea? _h n be5 re/or$4 ,h5ce our ,"l assur$ ,8 fai?ful ones by say+ 7,matt4 #aj3cj73 ,! v hairs ( y\r head are all numb]$3 & 7,luke #ba3ah73 ,a hair ( y\r head %all n p]i%4 ,b to say t ,*ri/'s body _h nei!r fle%1 nor bones1 nor ! o!r natural p>ts ( a human body1 belongs to ! error ( ,euty*es1 ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 :o ma9ta9$ t our body 9 t glory ( ! resurrection w be impalpable1 & m subtle ?an w9d & air3 & t our ,"l1 aft] ! he>ts ( ! disciples :o h&l$ ,him 7 confirm$1 br\ght back to subtlety :atev] c\ld be h&l$ 9 ,him 99,/4 ,gregory1 ,moral4 9 ,job #ad3ef4 ,n[ ,gregory condemns ?is 9 ! same book1 because ,*ri/'s body 0 n *ang$ aft] ! ,resurrection1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3i3 ,*ri/ ris+ f ! dead1 die? n[ no m4 ,accord+ly1 ! v man :o _h said ^! ?+s1 himself retract$ !m at 8 dea?4 ,=1 if x be unbecom+ = ,*ri/ to take a body ( ano!r nature 9 ,8 conception1 a heav5ly "o = in/ance1 z ,val5t9e ass]t$1 x is mu* m unbecom+ = ,him at ,8 ,resurrection to resume a body ( ano!r nature1 because 9 ,8 ,resurrection ,he resum$ unto an ev]la/+ life1 ! body :i* 9 ,8 conception ,he _h assum$ to a mortal life4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,fle% & blood are n to be tak5 !re = ! nature ( fle% & blood1 b1 ei!r = ! guilt ( fle% & blood1 z ,gregory says 99,/4 ,gregory1 ,moral4 9 ,job #ad3ef1 or else = ! corruption ( fle% & blood3 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ad ,cons5t41 ,de ,resur4 ,c>n471 !re w be nei!r corruption !re1 nor mortality ( fle% & blood4 ,!re=e fle% accord+ to its sub/ance possesses ! k+dom ( ,god1 accord+ to ,luke #bd3ci3 ,a _s ha? n fle% & bones1 z y see ,me to h4 ,b fle%1 if und]/ood z to its corruption1 w n possess x2 h5ce x is /raightway add$ 9 ! words ( ! ,apo/le3 ,nei!r %all corruption possess incorruption4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 ! same book3 ,p]*ance by reason ( ! blood "s ke5] critic w press u & say2 ,if ! blood 0 9 ! body ( ,*ri/ :5 ,he rose1 :y n ! rheum8 t is1 ! phlegm2 :y n also ! yell[ gall8 t is1 ! gall prop]2 & :y n ! black gall8 t is1 ! bile1 ) :i* f\r humors ! body is temp]$1 z m$ical sci5ce be>s witness4 ,b :atev] anyone may add1 let him take he$ n to add corruption1 le/ he corrupt ! heal? & purity ( 8 own fai?2 because ,div9e p[] is equal to tak+ away su* qualities z x wills f ! visible & tractable body1 :ile all[+ o!rs to rema91 s t !re be no defilem5t1 i4e4 ( corruption1 ?\gh ! features be !re2 motion )\t we>9ess1 ! p[] to eat1 )\t ne$ ( food4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,all ! blood :i* fl[$ f ,*ri/'s body1 belong+ z x does to ! integrity ( human nature1 rose aga9 ) ,8 body3 & ! same reason holds good = all ! p>ticles :i* belong to ! tru? & integrity ( human nature4 ,b ! blood pres]v$ z relics 9 "s *ur*es did n fl[ f ,*ri/'s side1 b is said to h fl[$ f "s maltreat$ image ( ,*ri/4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ed1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,ought to ,h ,ris5 ) ,its ,sc>s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s body ought n to h ris5 ) its sc>s4 ,= x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3eb73 ,! dead %all rise incorrupt4 ,b sc>s & w\nds imply corruption & defect4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/1 ! au?or ( ! resurrection1 to rise aga9 ) sc>s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s body rose entire1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,b op5 sc>s are oppos$ to bodily integrity1 s9ce !y int]f]e ) ! cont9uity ( ! tissue4 ,x does n !re=e seem fitt+ = ! op5 w\nds to rema9 9 ,*ri/'s body2 al?\gh ! traces ( ! w\nds might rema91 :i* w\ld satisfy ! behold]2 ?us x 0 t ,?omas believ$1 to :om x 0 said3 ,because ?\ ha/ se5 ,me1 ,?omas1 ?\ ha/ believ$ 7,john #bj3bi74 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv7 t "s ?+s are truly said ( ,*ri/ aft] ! ,resurrection1 :i* ,he did n h f nature b f special disp5sation1 su* z ! sc>s1 9 ord] to make x sure t x 0 ! body :i* _h suff]$ t rose aga94 ,n[ :5 ! cause ceases1 ! effect ceases4 ,!re=e x seems t :5 ! disciples 7 assur$ ( ! ,resurrection1 ,he bore ! sc>s no long]4 ,b x ill became ! un*angeabl5ess ( ,8 glory t ,he %\ld assume any?+ :i* 0 n to rema9 9 ,him = ev]4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ,he ought n at ,8 ,resurrection to h resum$ a body ) sc>s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,our ,"l said to ,?omas 7,john #bj3bg73 ,put 9 ?y f+] hi!r1 & see ,my h&s2 & br+ hi!r ?y h&1 & put x into ,my side1 & be n fai?less b believ+4 ,i answ] t1 ,x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/'s s\l at ,8 ,resurrection to resume ! body ) its sc>s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 = ,*ri/'s own glory4 ,= ,b$e says on ,luke #bd3dj t ,he kept ,8 sc>s n f inability to heal !m1 b to we> !m z an ev]la/+ trophy ( ,8 victory4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xxii73 ,p]haps 9 t k+dom we %all see on ! bodies ( ! ,m>tyrs ! traces ( ! w\nds :i* !y bore = ,*ri/'s "n3 because x w n be a de=mity1 b a dignity 9 !m2 & a c]ta9 k9d ( beauty w %9e 9 !m1 9 ! body1 ?\gh n ( ! body4 ,secondly1 to confirm ! he>ts ( ! disciples z to ! fai? 9 ,8 ,resurrection 7,b$e1 on ,luke #bd3dj74 ,?irdly1 t :5 ,he pleads = u ) ! ,fa!r1 ,he may always %[ ! mann] ( dea? ,he endur$ = u 7,b$e1 on ,luke #bd3dj74 ,f\r?ly1 t ,he may conv9ce ^? r$eem$ 9 ,8 blood1 h[ m]cifully !y h be5 help$1 z ,he exposes be=e !m ! traces ( ! same dea? 7,b$e1 on ,luke #bd3dj74 ,la/ly1 t 9 ! ,judgm5t-day ,he may upbraid !m ) _! j condemnation 7,b$e1 on ,luke #bd3dj74 ,h5ce1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symb4 ii73 ,*ri/ knew :y ,he kept ! sc>s 9 ,8 body4 ,=1 z ,he %[$ !m to ,?omas :o w\ld n believe except he h&l$ & saw !m1 s w ,he %[ ,8 w\nds to ,8 enemies1 s t ,he :o is ! ,tru? may convict !m1 say+3 ',behold ! man :om y crucifi$2 see ! w\nds y inflict$2 recognize ! side y pi]c$1 s9ce x 0 op5$ by y & = y1 yet y w\ld n ent]4' ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! sc>s t rema9$ 9 ,*ri/'s body belong nei!r to corruption nor defect1 b to ! great] increase ( glory1 inasmu* z !y are ! trophies ( ,8 p[]2 & a special comel9ess w appe> 9 ! places sc>r$ by ! w\nds4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ^? op5+s ( ! w\nds break ! cont9uity ( ! tissue1 /ill ! great] beauty ( glory comp5sates = all ?is1 s t ! body is n less entire1 b m p]fect$4 ,?omas1 h[ev]1 n only saw1 b h&l$ ! w\nds1 because z ,pope ,leo 99,cf4 ,app5d4 ,opp4 ,augu/41 ,s]m4 clxii says3 ,x suffic$ = 8 p]sonal fai? = him to h se5 :at he saw2 b x 0 on our behalf t he t\*$ :at he beheld4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ will$ ! sc>s ( ,8 w\nds to rema9 on ,8 body1 n only to confirm ! fai? ( ,8 disciples1 b = o!r reasons also4 ,f ^! x seems t ^? sc>s w always rema9 on ,8 body2 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ad ,cons5t41 ,de ,resurr4 ,c>n473 ,i believe our ,"l's body to be 9 heav51 su* z x 0 :5 ,he asc5d$ into heav54 ,& ,gregory 7,moral4 xiv7 says t if aught c\ld be *ang$ 9 ,*ri/'s body aft] ,8 ,resurrection1 contr>y to ,paul's tru?ful tea*+1 !n ! ,"l aft] ,8 ,resurrection return$ to dea?2 & :at fool w\ld d>e to say ?is1 save he t d5ies ! true resurrection ( ! fle%8 ,accord+ly1 x is evid5t t ! sc>s :i* ,*ri/ %[$ on ,8 body aft] ,8 ,resurrection1 h nev] s9ce be5 remov$ f ,8 body4 ,,"q #ee ,,( ,,! ,,manife/ation ,,( ,,! ,,resurrection 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! manife/ation ( ! ,resurrection3 conc]n+ :i* !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,resurrection ought to h be5 manife/$ to all m5 or only to "s special individuals8 7#b7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ t !y %\ld see ,him rise8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he ought to h liv$ ) ! disciples aft] ! ,resurrection8 7#d7 ,:e!r x 0 fitt+ = ,him to appeal to ! disciples 9 ano!r %ape8 7#e7 ,:e!r ,he ought to h demon/rat$ ! ,resurrection by pro(s8 7#f7 ,( ! cog5cy ( ^? pro(s4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ee1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,resurrection ,ought to ,h ,be5 ,manife/$ to ,all8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,resurrection ought to h be5 manife/$ to all4 ,= j z a public p5alty is due = public s91 accord+ to #a ,tim4 #e3bj3 ,!m t s9 reprove be=e all1 s is a public rew>d due = public m]it4 ,b1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 civ 9 ,joan471 ! glory ( ! ,resurrection is ! rew>d ( ! humility ( ! ,passion4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 manife/$ to all :ile ,he suff]$ 9 public1 x seems t ! glory ( ! ,resurrection ought to h be5 manife/$ to all4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ,*ri/'s ,passion is orda9$ = our salvation1 s also is ,8 ,resurrection1 accord+ to ,rom4 #d3be3 ,he rose aga9 = our ju/ification4 ,b :at belongs to ! public weal ought to be manife/$ to all4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,resurrection ought to h be5 manife/$ to all1 & n to "s specially4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !y to :om x 0 manife/$ 7 witnesses ( ! ,resurrection3 h5ce x is said 7,acts #c3ae73 ,:om ,god ha? rais$ f ! dead1 ( :i* we are witnesses4 ,n[ !y bore witness by prea*+ 9 public3 & ?is is unbecom+ 9 wom51 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ad3cd3 ,let wom5 keep sil5ce 9 ! *ur*es3 & #a ,tim4 #b3ab3 ,i suff] n a woman to tea*4 ,!re=e1 x does n seem becom+ = ,*ri/'s ,resurrection to be manife/$ fir/ ( all to ! wom5 & aft]w>ds to mank9d 9 g5]al4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,acts #aj3dj73 ,him ,god rais$ up ! ?ird day1 & gave ,him to be made manife/1 n to all ! p1 b to witnesses preorda9$ by ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s ?+s come to our k by nature's common law1 o!rs by special favor ( grace1 z ?+s div9ely reveal$4 ,n[1 z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 iv71 ! div9ely e/abli%$ law ( su* ?+s is t !y be reveal$ imm$iately by ,god to high] p]sons1 ?r\gh :om !y are imp>t$ to o!rs1 z is evid5t 9 ! ord]+ ( ! heav5ly spirits4 ,b su* ?+s z conc]n future glory are beyond ! common k5 ( mank9d1 accord+ to ,isa4 #fd3d3 ,! eye ha? n se51 ,o ,god1 besides ,!e1 :at ?+s ,?\ ha/ prep>$ = !m t wait = ,!e4 ,consequ5tly1 su* ?+s are n kn[n by man except ?r\gh ,div9e revelation1 z ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #b3aj73 ,god ha? reveal$ !m to u by ,8 _s4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,*ri/ rose by a glori\s ,resurrection1 consequ5tly ,8 ,resurrection 0 n manife/$ to ev]yone1 b to "s1 by ^: te/imony x c\ld be br\ght to ! k ( o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 consummat$ 9 a body t /ill _h a passible nature1 :i* is kn[n to all by g5]al laws3 consequ5tly ,8 ,passion c\ld be directly manife/$ to all4 ,b ! ,resurrection 0 accompli%$ ?r\gh ! glory ( ! ,fa!r1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #f3d74 ,!re=e x 0 manife/$ directly to "s1 b n to all4 ,b t a public p5ance is impos$ ^u public s9n]s1 is to be und]/ood ( ! puni%m5t ( ?is pres5t life4 ,& 9 l mann] public m]its %\ld be rew>d$ 9 public1 9 ord] t o!rs may be /irr$ to emulation4 ,b ! puni%m5ts & rew>ds ( ! future life are n publicly manife/$ to all1 b to ^? specially :o are preorda9$ !reto by ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is = ! common salvation ( all1 s x came to ! k ( all2 yet n s t x 0 directly manife/$ to all1 b only to "s1 ?r\gh ^: te/imony x c\ld be br\ght to ! k ( all4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a woman is n to be all[$ to tea* publicly 9 *ur*2 b %e may be p]mitt$ to give famili> in/ruction to "s privately4 ,& !re=e z ,ambrose says on ,luke #bd3bb1 a woman is s5t to !m :o are ( h] h\sehold1 b n to ! p to be> witness to ! ,resurrection4 ,b ,*ri/ appe>$ to ! woman fir/1 = ?is reason1 t z a woman 0 ! fir/ to br+ ! s\rce ( dea? to man1 s %e might be ! fir/ to ann\nce ! dawn ( ,*ri/'s glori\s ,resurrection4 ,h5ce ,cyril says on ,john #bj3ag3 ,woman :o =m]ly 0 ! m9i/] ( dea?1 is ! fir/ to see & proclaim ! adorable my/]y ( ! ,resurrection3 ?us womank9d has procur$ absolution f ignom9y1 & removal ( ! curse4 ,h]eby1 moreov]1 x is %[n1 s f> z ! /ate ( glory is conc]n$1 t ! female sex %all suff] no hurt2 b if wom5 burn ) great] *>ity1 !y %all also atta9 great] glory f ! ,div9e vision3 because ! wom5 ^: love = our ,"l 0 m p]si/5t--s mu* s t :5 ev5 ! disciples )drew f ! sepul*re !y did n dep>t 99,gregory1 ,hom4 xxv 9 ,evang4--7 ! fir/ to see ,him ris+ 9 glory4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ee1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ ,t ! ,disciples ,%\ld ,see ,him ,rise ,aga98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem fitt+ t ! disciples %\ld h se5 ,him rise aga91 because x 0 _! (fice to be> witness to ! ,resurrection1 accord+ to ,acts #d3cc3 ,) great p[] did ! apo/les give te/imony to ! ,resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,b ! sure/ witness ( all is an eye-witness4 ,!re=e x w\ld h be5 fitt+ = !m to see ! v ,resurrection ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ord] to h ! c]ta9ty ( fai? ! disciples saw ,*ri/ asc5d into heav51 accord+ to ,acts #a3i3 ,:ile !y look$ on1 ,he 0 rais$ up4 ,b x 0 also necess>y = !m to h fai? 9 ! ,resurrection4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ ought to h ris5 9 sight ( ! disciples4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! rais+ ( ,laz>us 0 a sign ( ,*ri/'s com+ ,resurrection4 ,b ! ,"l rais$ up ,laz>us 9 sight ( ! disciples4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ,*ri/ ought to h ris5 9 sight ( ! disciples4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,mk4 #af3i73 ,! ,"l ris+ e>ly ! fir/ day ( ! week1 appe>$ fir/ to ,m>y ,magdal54 ,n[ ,m>y ,magdal5 did n see ,him rise2 b1 :ile se>*+ = ,him 9 ! sepul*re1 %e he>d f ! angel3 ,he is ris51 ,he is n "h4 ,!re=e no "o saw ,him rise aga94 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #ac3a73 ,^? ?+s t are ( ,god1 are well ord]$ ,vulg43 ',^? t are1 are orda9$ ( ,god4 ,n[ ! div9ely e/abli%$ ord] is ?is1 t ?+s above m5's k5 are reveal$ to !m by angels1 z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 iv74 ,b ,*ri/ on ris+ did n return to ! famili> mann] ( life1 b to a k9d ( immortal & ,god-l condition1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3aj3 ,= 9 t ,he live?1 ,he live? unto ,god4 ,& !re=e x 0 fitt+ = ,*ri/'s ,resurrection n to be witness$ by m5 directly1 b to be proclaim$ to !m by angels4 ,accord+ly1 ,hil>y 7,comm5t4 ,mat?4 cap4 ult47 says3 ,an angel is !re=e ! fir/ h]ald ( ! ,resurrection1 t x might be decl>$ out ( ob$i5ce to ! ,fa!r's w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! apo/les 7 able to te/ify to ! ,resurrection ev5 by sight1 because f ! te/imony ( _! own eyes !y saw ,*ri/ alive1 :om !y _h kn[n to be dead4 ,b j z man comes f ! he>+ ( fai? to ! beatific vision1 s did m5 come to ! sight ( ! ris5 ,*ri/ ?r\gh ! message already receiv$ f angels4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion z to its t]m :]efrom1 0 n above m5's common k1 b only z to its t]m :]eunto4 ,consequ5tly1 ! disciples 7 able to behold ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion z to ! t]m :]efrom1 t is1 accord+ z ,he 0 uplift$ f ! e>?2 b !y did n behold ,him z to ! t]m :]eunto1 because !y did n see h[ ,he 0 receiv$ into heav54 ,b ,*ri/'s ,resurrection transc5d$ common k z to ! t]m :]efrom1 accord+ z ,8 s\l return$ f hell & ,8 body f ! clos$ sepul*re2 & likewise z to ! t]m :]eunto1 accord+ z ,he atta9$ to ! life ( glory4 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,resurrection ought n to be accompli%$ s z to be se5 by man4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,laz>us 0 rais$ s t he return$ to ! same life z be=e1 :i* life is n beyond man's common k54 ,consequ5tly1 !re is no p>ity4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ee1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,ought to ,h ,liv$ ,con/antly ) ,8 ,disciples ,aft] ! ,resurrection8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ ought to h liv$ con/antly ) ,8 ,disciples1 because ,he appe>$ to !m aft] ,8 ,resurrection 9 ord] to confirm _! fai? 9 ! ,resurrection1 & to br+ !m com=t 9 _! di/urb$ /ate1 accord+ to ,john #bj3bj3 ,! disciples 7 glad :5 !y saw ! ,"l4 ,b !y w\ld h be5 m assur$ & consol$ _h ,he con/antly %[n !m ,8 pres5ce4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he ought to h liv$ con/antly ) !m4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ ris+ f ! dead did n at once asc5d to heav51 b aft] =ty days1 z is n>rat$ 9 ,acts #a3c4 ,b mean:ile ,he c\ld h be5 9 no m suitable place ?an :]e ! disciples 7 met toge!r4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he ought to h liv$ ) !m cont9ually4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii71 we read h[ ,*ri/ appe>$ five times on ! v day ( ,8 ,resurrection3 fir/ to ! wom5 at ! sepul*re2 secondly to ! same on ! way f ! sepul*re2 ?irdly to ,pet]2 f\r?ly to ! two disciples go+ to ! t[n2 fif?ly to sev]al ( !m 9 ,j]usalem :5 ,?omas 0 n pres5t4 ,!re=e x also seems t ,he ought to h appe>$ sev]al times on ! o!r days be=e ! ,asc5sion4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l _h said to !m be=e ! ,passion 7,matt4 #bf3cb73 ,b aft] ,i %all be ris5 aga91 ,i w g be=e y into ,galilee2 moreov] an angel & our ,"l ,himself repeat$ ! same to ! wom5 aft] ! ,resurrection3 nev]!less ,he 0 se5 by !m 9 ,j]usalem on ! v day ( ! ,resurrection1 z /at$ above 7,obj4 #c72 also on ! eigh? day1 z we read 9 ,john #bj3bf4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,he did n live ) ! disciples 9 a fitt+ way aft] ! ,resurrection4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #bj3bf7 t aft] eight days ,*ri/ appe>$ to ! disciples4 ,!re=e ,he did n live con/antly ) !m4 ,i answ] t1 ,conc]n+ ! ,resurrection two ?+s _h to be manife/$ to ! disciples1 namely1 ! tru? ( ! ,resurrection1 & ! glory ( ,him :o rose4 ,n[ 9 ord] to manife/ ! tru? ( ! ,resurrection1 x suffic$ = ,him to appe> sev]al times be=e !m1 to speak famili>ly to !m1 to eat & dr9k1 & let !m t\* ,him4 ,b 9 ord] to manife/ ! glory ( ! ris5 ,*ri/1 ,he 0 n desir\s ( liv+ ) !m con/antly z ,he _h done be=e1 le/ x might seem t ,he rose unto ! same life z be=e4 ,h5ce 7,luke #bd3dd7 ,he said to !m3 ,^! are ! words :i* ,i spoke to y1 :ile ,i 0 yet ) y4 ,= ,he 0 !re ) !m by ,8 bodily pres5ce1 b hi!rto ,he _h be5 ) !m n m]ely by ,8 bodily pres5ce1 b also 9 mortal semblance4 ,h5ce ,b$e 9 expla9+ ^? words ( ,luke1 :ile ,i 0 ) y1 says3 t is1 :ile ,i 0 /ill 9 mortal fle%1 9 :i* y are yet3 = ,he _h !n ris5 9 ! same fle%1 b 0 n 9 ! same /ate ( mortality z !y4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s frequ5t appe>+ s]v$ to assure ! disciples ( ! tru? ( ! ,resurrection2 b cont9ual int]c\rse might h l$ !m into ! error ( believ+ t ,he _h ris5 to ! same life z 0 ,8 be=e4 ,yet by ,8 con/ant pres5ce ,he promis$ !m com=t 9 ano!r life1 accord+ to ,john #af3bb3 ,i w see y aga91 & y\r he>t %all rejoice2 & y\r joy no man %all take f y4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,t ,*ri/ did n /ay cont9ually ) ! disciples 0 n because ,he deem$ x m exp$i5t = ,him to be else:]e3 b because ,he judg$ x to be m suitable = ! apo/les' in/ruction t ,he %\ld n abide cont9ually ) !m1 = ! reason giv5 above4 ,b x is q unkn[n 9 :at places ,he 0 bodily pres5t 9 ! meantime1 s9ce ,scripture is sil5t1 & ,8 dom9ion is 9 e place 7,cf4 ,ps4 #ajb3bb74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,he appe>$ (t5] on ! fir/ day1 because ! disciples 7 to be admoni%$ by _m pro(s to accept ! fai? 9 ,8 ,resurrection f ! v outset3 b aft] !y _h once accept$ x1 !y _h no fur!r ne$ ( be+ in/ruct$ by s _m app>itions4 ,accord+ly "o reads 9 ! ,gospel t aft] ! fir/ day ,he appe>$ aga9 only five times4 ,=1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii71 aft] ! fir/ five app>itions ,he came aga9 a six? "t :5 ,?omas saw ,him2 a sev5? "t 0 by ! sea ( ,tib]ias at ! capture ( ! fi%es2 ! eigh? 0 on ! m\nta9 ( ,galilee1 accord+ to ,mat!w2 ! n9? occasion is express$ by ,m>k1 'at l5g? :5 !y 7 at table1' because no m 7 !y go+ to eat ) ,him ^u e>?2 ! t5? 0 on ! v day1 :5 no long] ^u ! e>?1 b uplift$ into ! cl\d1 ,he 0 asc5d+ into heav54 ,b1 z ,john admits1 n all ?+s 7 writt5 d[n4 ,& ,he visit$ !m frequ5tly be=e ,he w5t up to heav51 9 ord] to com=t !m4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ae3f1 #g7 t ,he 0 se5 by m ?an five hundr$ bre?r5 at once 4 4 4 aft] t ,he 0 se5 by ,james2 ( :i* app>itions no m5tion is made 9 ! ,gospels4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ryso/om 9 expla9+ ,matt4 #bf3cb--;aft] ,i %all be ris5 aga91 ,i w g be=e y into ,galilee1 says 7,hom4 lxxxiii 9 ,mat?471 ,he goes n to "s f> (f region 9 ord] to appe> to !m1 b among ,8 own p1 & 9 ^? v places 9 :i* = ! mo/ "p !y _h liv$ ) ,him2 9 ord] t !y might !reby believe t ,he :o 0 crucifi$ 0 ! same z ,he :o rose aga94 ,& on ?is acc\nt ,he said t ,he w\ld g into ,galilee1 t !y might be deliv]$ f fe> ( ! ,jews4 ,consequ5tly1 z ,ambrose says 7,expos4 9 ,luc471 ,! ,"l _h s5t ^w to ! disciples t !y 7 to see ,him 9 ,galilee2 yet ,he %[$ ,himself fir/ to !m :5 !y 7 assembl$ toge!r 9 ! room out ( fe>4 7,nor is !re any break+ ( a promise "h1 b r a ha/5$ fulfill+ out ( k9dness7 99,cf4 ,cat5a ,aurea 9 ,luc4 xxiv1 #cf3 aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 :5 _! m9ds 7 com=t$1 !y w5t into ,galilee4 ,nor is !re any reason to prev5t u f suppos+ t !re 7 few 9 ! room1 & _m m on ! m\nta94 ,=1 z ,eusebius 99,( ,caes>ea2 ,cf4 ,migne1 ,p4 ,g41 xxii1 #ajjc says1 ,two ,evangeli/s1 ,luke & ,john1 write t ,he appe>$ 9 ,j]usalem to ! elev5 only2 b ! o!r two said t an angel & our ,savi\r comm&$ n m]ely ! elev51 b all ! disciples & bre?r51 to g into ,galilee4 ,paul makes m5tion ( !m :5 he says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3f73 ',!n ,he appe>$ to m !n five hundr$ bre?r5 at once4' ,! tru] solution1 h[ev]1 is ?is1 t :ile !y 7 9 hid+ 9 ,j]usalem ,he appe>$ to !m at fir/ 9 ord] to com=t !m2 b 9 ,galilee x 0 n secretly1 nor once or twice1 t ,he made ,himself kn[n to !m ) great p[]1 %[+ ,himself to !m alive aft] ,8 ,passion1 by _m pro(s1 z ,luke says 7,acts #a3c74 ,or z ,augu/9e writes 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii73 ,:at 0 said by ! angel & by our ,"l--t ,he w\ld 'g be=e !m into ,galilee1' mu/ be tak5 prophetically4 ,= if we take ,galilee z mean+ 'a pass+1' we mu/ und]/& t !y 7 go+ to pass f ! p ( ,israel to ! ,g5tiles1 :o w\ld n believe 9 ! prea*+ ( ! apo/les unless ,he prep>$ ! way = !m 9 m5's he>ts3 & ?is is signifi$ by ! words ',he %all g be=e y into ,galilee4' ,b if by ,galilee we und]/& 'revelation1' we are to und]/& ?is z apply+ to ,him n 9 ! =m ( a s]vant1 b 9 t =m :]e9 ,he is equal to ! ,fa!r1 & :i* ,he has promis$ to !m t love ,him4 ,al?\gh ,he has gone be=e u 9 ?is s5se1 ,he has n ab&on$ u4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ee1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,appe>$ to ! ,disciples 9 ,ano!r ,%ape8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ ought n to h appe>$ to ! disciples 9 ano!r %ape4 ,= a ?+ _c appe> 9 v tru? o!r ?an x is4 ,b !re 0 only "o %ape 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e if ,he appe>$ "u ano!r1 x 0 n a true b a false app>ition4 ,n[ ?is is n at all fitt+1 because z ,augu/9e says 7,,qq4 lxxxiii1 qu4 #ad73 ,if ,he deceives ,he is n ! ,tru?2 yet ,*ri/ is ! ,tru?4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ,*ri/ ought n to h appe>$ to ! disciples 9 ano!r %ape4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ c appe> 9 ano!r %ape ?an ! "o x has1 except ! behold]'s eyes be captivat$ by "s illusions4 ,b s9ce su* illusions are br\ght ab\t by magical arts1 !y are unbecom+ 9 ,*ri/1 accord+ to :at is writt5 7#b ,cor4 #f3ae73 ,:at concord ha? ,*ri/ ) ,belial8 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ ought n to h appe>$ 9 ano!r %ape4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z our fai? receives its surety f ,scripture1 s 7 ! disciples assur$ ( _! fai? 9 ! ,resurrection by ,*ri/ appe>+ to !m4 ,b1 z ,augu/9e says 9 an ,epi/le to ,j]ome 7xxviii71 if b "o untru? be admitt$ into ! ,sacr$ ,scripture1 ! :ole au?ority ( ! ,scriptures is weak5$4 ,consequ5tly1 if ,*ri/ appe>$ to ! disciples1 9 b "o app>ition1 o!rwise ?an ,he 01 !n :atev] !y saw 9 ,*ri/ aft] ! ,resurrection w be ( less import1 :i* is n fitt+4 ,!re=e ,he ought n to h appe>$ 9 ano!r %ape4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,mk4 #af3ab73 ,aft] t ,he appe>$ 9 ano!r %ape to two ( !m walk+1 z !y 7 go+ into ! c\ntry4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b71 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection 0 to be manife/$ to m5 9 ! same way z ,div9e ?+s are reveal$4 ,b ,div9e ?+s are reveal$ to m5 9 v>i\s ways1 accord+ z !y are v>i\sly dispos$4 ,=1 ^? :o h m9ds well dispos$1 p]ceive ,div9e ?+s rightly1 :]eas ^? n s dispos$ p]ceive !m ) a c]ta9 confusion ( d\bt or error3 =1 ! s5sual m5 p]ceive? n ^? ?+s t are ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 z is said 9 #a ,cor4 #b3ad4 ,consequ5tly1 aft] ,8 ,resurrection ,*ri/ appe>$ 9 ,8 own %ape to "s :o 7 well dispos$ to belief1 :ile ,he appe>$ 9 ano!r %ape to !m :o seem$ to be already gr[+ tepid 9 _! fai?3 h5ce ^! said 7,luke #bd3ba73 ,we hop$ t x 0 ,he t %\ld h r$eem$ ,israel4 ,h5ce ,gregory says 7,hom4 xxiii 9 ,evang471 t ,he %[$ ,himself to !m 9 body su* z ,he 0 9 _! m9ds3 =1 because ,he 0 z yet a /rang] to fai? 9 _! he>ts1 ,he made pret5se ( go+ on f>!r1 t is1 z if ,he 7 a /rang]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,qq4 ,evang4 ii71 n ev]y?+ ( :i* we make pret5se is a falsehood2 b :5 :at we pret5d has no mean+ !n is x a falsehood4 ,b :5 our pret5se has "s signification1 x is n a lie1 b a figure ( ! tru?2 o!rwise ev]y?+ said figuratively by wise & holy m51 or ev5 by our ,"l ,himself1 w\ld be set d[n z a falsehood1 because x is n cu/om>y to take su* expressions 9 ! lit]al s5se4 ,& de$s1 l words1 are feign$ )\t falsehood1 9 ord] to d5ote some?+ else4 ,& s x happ5$ "h1 z has be5 said4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii73 ,our ,"l c\ld *ange ,8 fle% s t ,8 %ape really 0 o!r ?an !y 7 accu/om$ to behold2 =1 be=e ,8 ,passion ,he 0 transfigur$ on ! m\nta91 s t ,8 face %one l ! sun4 ,b x did n happ5 ?us n[4 ,= n )\t reason d we und]/& ?is h9drance 9 _! eyes to h be5 ( ,satan's do+1 le/ ,jesus might be recogniz$4 ,h5ce ,luke says 7#bd3af7 t _! eyes 7 held1 t !y %\ld n "k ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,su* an argum5t w\ld prove1 if !y _h n be5 br\ght back f ! sight ( a /range %ape to t ( ,*ri/'s true c\nt5ance4 ,=1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii73 ,! p]mission 0 grant$ by ,*ri/1 namely1 t _! eyes %\ld be held fa/ 9 ! a=esaid way1 until ! ,sacram5t ( ! bread2 t :5 !y _h %>$ 9 ! unity ( ,8 body1 ! enemy's h9drance may be und]/ood to h be5 tak5 away1 s t ,*ri/ might be recogniz$4 ,h5ce he goes on to say t '_! eyes 7 op5$1 & !y knew ,him'2 n t !y 7 hi!rto walk+ ) _! eyes %ut2 b !re 0 some?+ 9 !m :]eby !y 7 n p]mitt$ to recognize :at !y saw4 ,?is c\ld be caus$ by ! d>kness or by "s k9d ( humor4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ee1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,h ,demon/rat$ ! ,tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection by ,pro(s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ %\ld n h demon/rat$ ! tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection by pro(s4 ,= ,ambrose says 7,de ,fide1 ad ,gratian4 i73 ,let !re be no pro(s :]e fai? is requir$4 ,b fai? is requir$ reg>d+ ! ,resurrection4 ,!re=e pro(s are out ( place !re4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,gregory says 7,hom4 xxvi73 ,fai? has no m]it :]e human reason supplies ! te/4 ,b x 0 no "p ( ,*ri/'s (fice to void ! m]it ( fai?4 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 n = ,him to confirm ! ,resurrection by pro(s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ came into ! _w 9 ord] t m5 might atta9 beatitude ?r\gh ,him1 accord+ to ,john #aj3aj3 ,i am come t !y may h life1 & may h x m abundantly4 ,b supply+ pro(s seems to be a h9drance 9 ! way ( man's beatitude2 because our ,"l ,himself said 7,john #bj3bi73 ,bless$ are !y t h n se51 & h believ$4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ,*ri/ ought n to manife/ ,8 ,resurrection by any pro(s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is relat$ 9 ,acts #a3c1 t ,*ri/ appe>$ to ,8 disciples = =ty days by _m pro(s1 speak+ ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,! ^w pro( is susceptible ( a tw(old mean+3 sometimes x is employ$ to designate any sort ( reason 9 confirmation ( :at is a matt] ( d\bt 99,tully1 ,topic4 ii3 & sometimes x means a s5sible sign employ$ to manife/ ! tru?2 ?us also ,ari/otle occasionally uses ! t]m 9 8 works 99,cf4 ,prior4 ,anal4 ii2 ,rhetor4 i4 ,tak+ pro( 9 ! fir/ s5se1 ,*ri/ did n demon/rate ,8 ,resurrection to ! disciples by pro(s1 because su* argum5tative pro( w\ld h to be gr\nd$ on "s pr9ciples3 & if ^! 7 n kn[n to ! disciples1 no?+ w\ld !reby be demon/rat$ to !m1 because no?+ c be kn[n f ! unkn[n4 ,& if su* pr9ciples 7 kn[n to !m1 !y w\ld n g beyond human reason1 & consequ5tly w\ld n be efficaci\s = e/abli%+ fai? 9 ! ,resurrection1 :i* is beyond human reason1 s9ce pr9ciples mu/ be assum$ :i* are ( ! same ord]1 accord+ to #a ,po/]4 ,b x 0 f ! au?ority ( ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures t ,he prov$ to !m ! tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection1 :i* au?ority is ! basis ( fai?1 :5 ,he said3 ,all ?+s mu/ ne$s be fulfill$ :i* are writt5 9 ! ,law1 & 9 ! prophets1 & 9 ! ,psalms1 conc]n+ ,me3 z is set =? ,luke #bd3dd4 ,b if ! t]m pro( be tak5 9 ! second s5se1 !n ,*ri/ is said to h demon/rat$ ,8 ,resurrection by pro(s1 inasmu* z by mo/ evid5t signs ,he %[$ t ,he 0 truly ris54 ,h5ce :]e our v]sion has by _m pro(s1 ! ,greek text1 in/ead ( pro( has tekm]ion1 i4e4 an evid5t sign af=d+ positive pro( 99,cf4 ,prior4 ,anal4 ii4 ,n[ ,*ri/ %[$ ^! signs ( ! ,resurrection to ,8 disciples1 = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because _! he>ts 7 n dispos$ s z to accept readily ! fai? 9 ! ,resurrection4 ,h5ce ,he says ,himself 7,luke #bd3be73 ,o fooli% & sl[ ( he>t to believe3 & 7,mk4 #af3ad73 ,he upbraid$ !m ) _! incr$ulity & h>dness ( he>t4 ,secondly1 t _! te/imony might be r5d]$ m efficaci\s ?r\gh ! signs %[n !m1 accord+ to #a ,john #a3a1 #c3 ,t :i* we h se51 & h he>d1 & our h&s h h&l$ 4 4 4 we decl>e4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,ambrose is speak+ !re ( pro(s drawn f human reason1 :i* are useless = demon/rat+ ?+s ( fai?1 z 0 %[n above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! m]it ( fai? arises f ?is1 t at ,god's bidd+ man believes :at he does n see4 ,accord+ly1 only t reason deb>s m]it ( fai? :i* enables "o to see by k :at is propos$ = belief3 & ?is is demon/rative argum5t4 ,b ,*ri/ did n make use ( any su* argum5t = demon/rat+ ,8 ,resurrection4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ already 7ad #b71 ! m]it ( beatitude1 :i* comes ( fai?1 is n entirely exclud$ except a man refuse to believe :atev] he does n see4 ,b = a man to believe f visible signs ! ?+s he does n see1 does n entirely deprive him ( fai? nor ( ! m]it ( fai?3 j z ,?omas1 to :om x 0 said 7,john #bj3bi73 ',because ?\ ha/ se5 ,me1 ,?omas1 ?\ ha/ believ$1' saw "o ?+ & believ$ ano!r 99,gregory1 ,hom4 xxvi3 ! w\nds 7 :at he saw1 ,god 0 ! object ( ,8 belief4 ,b 8 is ! m p]fect fai? :o does n require su* helps = belief4 ,h5ce1 to put to %ame ! fai? ( "s m51 our ,"l said 7,john #d3dh73 ,unless y see signs & wond]s1 y believe n4 ,f ?is "o c le>n h[ !y :o are s ready to believe ,god1 ev5 )\t behold+ signs1 are bless$ 9 comp>ison ) !m :o d n believe except !y see ! l4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ee1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,pro(s ,:i* ,*ri/ ,made ,use ( ,manife/$ ,suffici5tly ! ,tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! pro(s :i* ,*ri/ made use ( did n suffici5tly manife/ ! tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection4 ,= aft] ! ,resurrection ,*ri/ %[$ no?+ to ,8 disciples :i* angels appe>+ to m5 did n or c\ld n %[2 because angels h frequ5tly %[n !mselves to m5 "u human aspect1 h spok5 & liv$ ) !m1 & eat5 ) !m1 j z if !y 7 truly m51 z is evid5t f ,g5esis #ah1 ( ! angels :om ,abraham ent]ta9$1 & 9 ! ,book ( ,tobias1 ( ! angel :o conduct$ him & br\ght him back4 ,nev]!less1 angels h n true bodies naturally unit$ to !m2 :i* is requir$ = a resurrection4 ,consequ5tly1 ! signs :i* ,*ri/ %[$ ,8 disciples 7 n suffici5t = manife/+ ,8 ,resurrection4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ rose aga9 glori\sly1 t is1 hav+ a human nature ) glory4 ,b "s ( ! ?+s :i* ,*ri/ %[$ to ,8 disciples seem contr>y to human nature1 z = in/ance1 t ,he vani%$ out ( _! sight1 & ent]$ 9 among !m :5 ! doors 7 %ut3 & "s o!r ?+s seem contr>y to glory1 z = in/ance1 t ,he ate & drank1 & bore ! sc>s ( ,8 w\nds4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ^? pro(s 7 nei!r suffici5t nor fitt+ = e/abli%+ fai? 9 ! ,resurrection4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 aft] ! ,resurrection ,*ri/'s body 0 su* t x ought n to be t\*$ by mortal man2 h5ce ,he said to ,magdal5 7,john #bj3ag73 ,d n t\* ,me2 = ,i am n yet asc5d$ to ,my ,fa!r4 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 n fitt+ = manife/+ ! tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection1 t ,he %\ld p]mit ,himself to be h&l$ by ,8 disciples4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 cl>ity seems to be ! pr9cipal ( ! qualities ( a glorifi$ body3 yet ,he gave no sign !re( 9 ,8 ,resurrection4 ,!re=e x seems t ^? pro(s 7 insuffici5t = %[+ ! quality ( ,*ri/'s ,resurrection4 ,obj4 #e3 99,?is objection is want+ 9 ! old] codices1 & 9 ! text ( ! ,leon9e edition1 :i*1 h[ev]1 gives x 9 a note z tak5 f "o ( ! m rec5t codices ( ! ,vatican4 ,fur!r1 ! angels introduc$ z witnesses = ! ,resurrection seem insuffici5t f ! want ( agreem5t on ! "p ( ! ,evangeli/s4 ,because 9 ,mat!w's acc\nt ! angel is describ$ z sitt+ ^u ! /one roll$ back1 :ile ,m>k /ates t he 0 se5 aft] ! wom5 _h ent]$ ! tomb2 & aga91 :]eas ^! m5tion "o angel1 ,john says t !re 7 two sitt+1 & ,luke says t !re 7 two /&+4 ,consequ5tly1 ! argum5ts = ! ,resurrection d n seem to agree4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/1 :o is ! ,wisdom ( ,god1 ord]e? all ?+s sweetly & 9 a fitt+ mann]1 accord+ to ,wis4 #h3a4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ manife/$ ,8 ,resurrection 9 two ways3 namely1 by te/imony2 & by pro( or sign3 & ea* manife/ation 0 suffici5t 9 its own class4 ,= 9 ord] to manife/ ,8 ,resurrection ,he made use ( a d\ble te/imony1 nei!r ( :i* c be rebutt$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! angels' te/imony1 :o ann\nc$ ! ,resurrection to ! wom51 z is se5 9 all ! ,evangeli/s3 ! o!r 0 ! te/imony ( ! ,scriptures1 :i* ,he set be=e !m to %[ ! tru? ( ! ,resurrection1 z is n>rat$ 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,luke4 ,aga91 ! pro(s 7 suffici5t = %[+ t ! ,resurrection 0 bo? true & glori\s4 ,t x 0 a true ,resurrection ,he %[s fir/ on ! "p ( ! body2 & ?is ,he %[s 9 ?ree respects2 fir/ ( all1 t x 0 a true & solid body1 & n phanta/ic or r>efi$1 l ! air4 ,& ,he e/abli%es ?is by (f]+ ,8 body to be h&l$2 h5ce ,he says 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,luke 7#ci73 ,h&le & see2 = a _s ha? n fle% & bones1 z y see ,me to h4 ,secondly1 ,he %[s t x 0 a human body1 by pres5t+ ,8 true features = !m to behold4 ,?irdly1 ,he %[s t x 0 id5tically ! same body :i* ,he _h be=e1 by %[+ !m ! sc>s ( ! w\nds2 h5ce1 z we read 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,luke 7#ci7 he said to !m3 ,see ,my h&s & feet1 t x is ,i ,myself4 ,secondly1 ,he %[$ !m ! tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection on ! "p ( ,8 s\l reunit$ ) ,8 body3 & ,he %[$ ?is by ! works ( ! ?reefold life4 ,fir/ ( all1 9 ! op]ations ( ! nutritive life1 by eat+ & dr9k+ ) ,8 disciples1 z we read 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,luke4 ,secondly1 9 ! works ( ! s5sitive life1 by reply+ to ,8 disciples' que/ions1 & by greet+ !m :5 !y 7 9 ,8 pres5ce1 %[+ !reby t ,he bo? saw & he>d2 ?irdly1 9 ! works ( ! intellective life by _! conv]s+ ) ,him1 & disc\rs+ on ! ,scriptures4 ,&1 9 ord] t no?+ might be want+ to make ! manife/ation complete1 ,he also %[$ t ,he _h ! ,div9e ,nature1 by work+ ! miracle ( ! draught ( fi%es1 & fur!r by asc5d+ into heav5 :ile !y 7 behold+ ,him3 because1 accord+ to ,john #c3ac3 ,no man ha? asc5d$ into heav51 b ,he t desc5d$ f heav51 ! ,son ( ,man :o is 9 heav54 ,he also %[$ ,8 disciples ! glory ( ,8 ,resurrection by ent]+ 9 among !m :5 ! doors 7 clos$3 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 xxvi 9 ,evang473 ,our ,"l all[$ !m to h&le ,8 fle% :i* ,he _h br\ght ?r\gh clos$ doors1 to %[ t ,8 body 0 ( ! same nature b ( diff]5t glory4 ,x likewise 0 "p ( ! prop]ty ( glory t ,he vani%$ sudd5ly f _! eyes1 z relat$ 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,luke2 because !reby x 0 %[n t x lay 9 ,8 p[] to be se5 or n se52 & ?is belongs to a glorifi$ body1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ed1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b1 ,a4 #b1 ad #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,ea* sep>ate argum5t w\ld n suffice ( itself = %[+ p]fectly ,*ri/'s ,resurrection1 yet all tak5 collectively e/abli% x completely1 especially ow+ to ! te/imonies ( ! ,scriptures1 ! say+s ( ! angels1 & ev5 ,*ri/'s own ass]tion support$ by miracles4 ,z to ! angels :o appe>$1 !y did n say !y 7 m51 z ,*ri/ ass]t$ t ,he 0 truly a man4 ,moreov]1 ! mann] ( eat+ 0 diff]5t 9 ,*ri/ & ! angels3 = s9ce ! bodies assum$ by ! angels 7 nei!r liv+ nor animat$1 !re 0 no true eat+1 al?\gh ! food 0 really ma/icat$ & pass$ into ! int]ior ( ! assum$ body3 h5ce ! angels said to ,tobias 7#ab3ah1 #ai73 ,:5 ,i 0 ) y 4 4 4 ,i seem$ inde$ to eat & dr9k ) y2 b ,i use an invisible meat4 ,b s9ce ,*ri/'s body 0 truly animat$1 ,8 eat+ 0 g5u9e4 ,=1 z ,augu/9e obs]ves 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiii71 x is n ! p[] b ! ne$ ( eat+ t %all be tak5 away f ! bodies ( !m :o rise aga94 ,h5ce ,b$e says on ,luke #bd3da3 ,*ri/ ate because ,he c\ld1 n because ,he ne$$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z 0 obs]v$ above1 "s pro(s 7 employ$ by ,*ri/ to prove ! tru? ( ,8 human nature1 & o!rs to %[ =? ,8 glory 9 ris+ aga94 ,b ! condition ( human nature1 z consid]$ 9 itself1 namely1 z to its pres5t /ate1 is opposite to ! condition ( glory1 z is said 9 #a ,cor4 #ae3dc3 ,x is s[n 9 weakness1 x %all rise 9 p[]4 ,consequ5tly1 ! pro(s br\ght =w>d = %[+ ! condition ( glory1 seem to be 9 opposition to nature1 n absolutely1 b accord+ to ! pres5t /ate1 & conv]sely4 ,h5ce ,gregory says 7,hom4 xxvi 9 ,evang473 ,! ,"l manife/$ two wond]s1 :i* are mutually contr>y accord+ to human reason1 :5 aft] ! ,resurrection ,he %[$ ,8 body z incorruptible & at ! same "t palpable4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 cxxi sup] ,joan471 ^! words ( our ,"l1 ',d n t\* ,me1 = ,i am n yet asc5d$ to ,my ,fa!r1' %[ t 9 t woman !re is a figure ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,g5tiles1 :i* did n believe 9 ,*ri/ until ,he 0 asc5d$ to ! ,fa!r4 ,or ,jesus w\ld h m5 to believe 9 ,him1 i4e4 to t\* ,him spiritually1 z be+ ,himself "o ) ! ,fa!r4 ,= to t man's inn]mo/ p]ceptions ,he is1 9 "s sort1 asc5d$ unto ! ,fa!r1 :o has become s f> pr(ici5t 9 ,him1 z to recognize 9 ,him ! equal ) ! ,fa!r 4 4 4 :]eas %e z yet believ$ 9 ,him b c>nally1 s9ce %e wept = ,him z = a man4 ,b :5 "o reads else:]e ( ,m>y hav+ t\*$ ,him1 :5 ) ! o!r wom51 %e 'came up & took hold ( ,8 feet1' t matt]s little1 z ,sev]ianus says 99,*rysologus1 ,s]m4 lxxvi1 =1 ! fir/ act relates to figure1 ! o!r to sex2 ! =m] is ( ,div9e grace1 ! latt] ( human nature4 ,or z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 lxxxvi 9 ,joan473 ,?is woman want$ to conv]se ) ,*ri/ j z be=e ! ,passion1 & out ( joy 0 ?9k+ ( no?+ great1 al?\gh ,*ri/'s fle% _h become mu* nobl] by ris+ aga94 ,& !re=e ,he said3 ,i h n yet asc5d$ to ,my ,fa!r2 z if to say3 ,d n suppose ,i am lead+ an e>?ly life2 = if y see ,me ^u e>?1 x is because ,i h n yet asc5d$ to ,my ,fa!r1 b ,i am go+ to asc5d %ortly4 ,h5ce ,he goes on to say3 ,i asc5d to ,my ,fa!r1 & to y\r ,fa!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z ,augu/9e says ad ,orosium 7,dial4 lxv1 ,qq473 ,our ,"l rose 9 cl>ifi$ fle%2 yet ,he did n wi% to appe> be=e ! disciples 9 t condition ( cl>ity1 because _! eyes c\ld n gaze ^u t brilliancy4 ,= if be=e ,he di$ = u & rose aga9 ! disciples c\ld n look ^u ,him :5 ,he 0 transfigur$ ^u ! m\nta91 h[ mu* less 7 !y able to gaze ^u ,him :5 our ,"l's fle% 0 glorifi$4 ,x mu/ also be borne 9 m9d t aft] ,8 ,resurrection our ,"l wi%$ especially to %[ t ,he 0 ! same z _h di$2 :i* ! manife/ation ( ,8 brightness w\ld h h9d]$ consid]ably3 because *ange ( features %[s m ?an any?+ else ! diff]5ce 9 ! p]son se53 & ?is is because sight specially judges ( ! common s5sibles1 among :i* is "o & _m1 or ! same & diff]5t4 ,b be=e ! ,passion1 le/ ,8 disciples might despise its weakness1 ,*ri/ meant to %[ !m ! glory ( ,8 maje/y2 & ?is ! brightness ( ! body specially indicates4 ,consequ5tly1 be=e ! ,passion ,he %[$ ! disciples ,8 glory by brightness1 b aft] ! ,resurrection by o!r tok5s4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii73 ,we c und]/& "o angel to h be5 se5 by ! wom51 accord+ to bo? ,mat!w & ,m>k1 if we take !m z hav+ ent]$ ! sepul*re1 t is1 into "s sort ( wall$ enclosure1 & t !re !y saw an angel sitt+ ^u ! /one :i* 0 roll$ back f ! monum5t1 z ,mat!w says2 & t ?is is ,m>k's expression--'sitt+ on ! "r side'2 aft]w>ds :5 !y scann$ ! spot :]e ! ,"l's body _h la91 !y beheld two angels1 :o 7 at fir/ seat$1 z ,john says1 & :o aft]w>ds rose s z to be se5 /&+1 z ,luke relates4 ,,"q #ef ,,( ,,! ,,causality ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,resurrection 7,9 ,two ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! causality ( ,*ri/'s ,resurrection1 conc]n+ :i* !re are two po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! cause ( our resurrection8 7#b7 ,:e!r x is ! cause ( our ju/ification8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ef1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,resurrection ,is ! ,cause ( ! ,resurrection ( ,our ,bodies8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is n ! cause ( ! resurrection ( our bodies1 because1 giv5 a suffici5t cause1 ! effect mu/ foll[ ( necessity4 ,if1 !n1 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection be ! suffici5t cause ( ! resurrection ( our bodies1 !n all ! dead %\ld h ris5 aga9 z soon z ,he rose4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,div9e ju/ice is ! cause ( ! resurrection ( ! dead1 s t ! body may be rew>d$ or puni%$ toge!r ) ! s\l1 s9ce !y %>$ 9 m]it or s91 z ,dionysius says 7,eccles4 ,hi]4 vii7 & ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv74 ,b ,god's ju/ice mu/ necess>ily be accompli%$1 ev5 if ,*ri/ _h n ris54 ,!re=e ! dead w\ld rise aga9 ev5 ?\gh ,*ri/ did n4 ,consequ5tly ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is n ! cause ( ! resurrection ( our bodies4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if ,*ri/'s ,resurrection be ! cause ( ! resurrection ( our bodies1 x w\ld be ei!r ! exempl>1 or ! effici5t1 or ! m]itori\s cause4 ,n[ x is n ! exempl> cause2 because x is ,god :o w br+ ab\t ! resurrection ( our bodies1 accord+ to ,john #e3ba3 ,! ,fa!r raise? up ! dead3 & ,god has no ne$ to look at any exempl> cause outside ,himself4 ,9 l mann] x is n ! effici5t cause2 because an effici5t cause acts only ?r\gh contact1 :e!r spiritual or corporeal4 ,n[ x is evid5t t ,*ri/'s ,resurrection has no corporeal contact ) ! dead :o %all rise aga91 ow+ to di/ance ( "t & place2 & simil>ly x has no spiritual contact1 :i* is ?r\gh fai? & *>ity1 because ev5 unbeliev]s & s9n]s %all rise aga94 ,nor aga9 is x ! m]itori\s cause1 because :5 ,*ri/ rose ,he 0 no long] a wayf>]1 & consequ5tly n 9 a /ate ( m]it4 ,!re=e1 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection does n appe> to be 9 any way ! cause ( ours4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 s9ce dea? is ! privation ( life1 !n to de/roy dea? seems to be no?+ else ?an to br+ life back aga92 & ?is is resurrection4 ,b by dy+1 ,*ri/ de/roy$ our dea? 99,preface ( ,mass 9 ,pas*al ,"t4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s dea?1 n ,8 ,resurrection1 is ! cause ( our resurrection4 ,on ! contr>y1 on #a ,cor4 #ae3ab3 ,n[ if ,*ri/ be prea*$1 t ,he rose aga9 f ! dead1 ! gloss says3 ,:o is ! effici5t cause ( our resurrection4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ 9 #b ,metaphysics1 text #d3 ,:atev] is fir/ 9 any ord]1 is ! cause ( all t come aft] x4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,resurrection 0 ! fir/ 9 ! ord] ( our resurrection1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #ec1 ,a4 #c74 ,h5ce ,*ri/'s ,resurrection mu/ be ! cause ( ours3 & ?is is :at ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3bj1 #ba73 ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead1 ! fir/-fruits ( !m t sleep2 = by a man came dea?1 & by a man ! resurrection ( ! dead4 ,& ?is is reasonable4 ,because ! pr9ciple ( human life-giv+ is ! ,^w ( ,god1 ( :om x is said 7,ps4 #ce3aj73 ,) ,!e is ! f\nta9 ( life3 h5ce ,he ,himself says 7,john #e3ba73 ,z ! ,fa!r raise? up ! dead1 & give? life2 s ! ,son also give? life to :om ,he w4 ,n[ ! div9ely e/abli%$ natural ord] is t e cause op]ates fir/ ^u :at is ne>e/ to x1 & ?r\gh x ^u o!rs :i* are m remote2 j z fire fir/ heats ! ne>e/ air1 & ?r\gh x x heats bodies t are fur!r (f3 & ,god ,himself fir/ enlight5s ^? sub/ances :i* are clos] to ,him1 & ?r\gh !m o!rs t are m remote1 z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 xiii74 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,^w ( ,god fir/ be/[s immortal life ^u t body :i* is naturally unit$ ) ,himself1 & ?r\gh x works ! resurrection 9 all o!r bodies4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z 0 /at$ above1 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! cause ( ours ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! unit$ ,^w1 :o op]ates accord+ to ,8 w4 ,& consequ5tly1 x is n necess>y = ! effect to foll[ at once1 b accord+ z ! ,^w ( ,god disposes1 namely1 t fir/ ( all we be con=m$ to ! suff]+ & dy+ ,*ri/ 9 ?is suff]+ & mortal life2 & aft]w>ds may come to %>e 9 ! lik5ess ( ,8 ,resurrection4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,god's ju/ice is ! fir/ cause ( our resurrection1 :]eas ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! second>y1 & z x 7 ! in/rum5tal cause4 ,b al?\gh ! p[] ( ! pr9cipal cause is n re/rict$ to "o in/rum5t det]m9ately1 nev]!less s9ce x works ?r\gh ?is in/rum5t1 su* in/rum5t causes ! effect4 ,s1 !n1 ! ,div9e ju/ice 9 itself is n ti$ d[n to ,*ri/'s ,resurrection z a means ( br++ ab\t our resurrection3 because ,god c\ld deliv] u 9 "s o!r way ?an ?r\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion & ,resurrection1 z already /at$ 7,q4 #df1 ,a4 #b74 ,b hav+ once decre$ to deliv] u 9 ?is way1 x is evid5t t ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! cause ( ours4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,prop]ly speak+1 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is n ! m]itori\s cause1 b ! effici5t & exempl> cause ( our resurrection4 ,x is ! effici5t cause1 inasmu* z ,*ri/'s humanity1 accord+ to :i* ,he rose aga91 is z x 7 ! in/rum5t ( ,8 ,godhead1 & works by ,its p[]1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ac1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c74 ,& !re=e1 j z all o!r ?+s :i* ,*ri/ did & endur$ 9 ,8 humanity are pr(itable to our salvation ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! ,godhead1 z already /at$ 7,q4 #dh1 ,a4 #f71 s also is ,*ri/'s ,resurrection ! effici5t cause ( ours1 ?r\gh ! ,div9e p[] ^: (fice x is to quick5 ! dead2 & ?is p[] by its pres5ce is 9 t\* ) all places & times2 & su* virtual contact suffices = its effici5cy4 ,& s9ce1 z 0 /at$ above 7ad #b71 ! prim>y cause ( human resurrection is ! ,div9e ju/ice1 f :i* ,*ri/ has ! p[] ( pass+ judgm5t1 because ,he is ! ,son ( ,man 7,john #e3bg72 ! effici5t p[] ( ,8 ,resurrection ext5ds to ! good & wick$ alike1 :o are subject to ,8 judgm5t4 ,b j z ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/'s body1 ?r\gh its p]sonal union ) ! ,^w1 is fir/ 9 po9t ( "t1 s also is x fir/ 9 dignity & p]fection2 z ! gloss says on #a ,cor4 #ae3bj1 #bc4 ,b :atev] is mo/ p]fect is always ! exempl>1 :i* ! less p]fect copies accord+ to its mode2 consequ5tly ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! exempl> ( ours4 ,& ?is is necess>y1 n on ! "p ( ,him :o rose aga91 :o ne$s no exempl>1 b on ! "p ( !m :o are rais$ up1 :o mu/ be lik5$ to t ,resurrection1 accord+ to ,phil4 #c3ba3 ,he w re=m ! body ( our l[ness1 made l to ! body ( ,8 glory4 ,n[ al?\gh ! effici5cy ( ,*ri/'s ,resurrection ext5ds to ! resurrection ( ! good & wick$ alike1 /ill its exempl>ity ext5ds prop]ly only to ! j1 :o are made con=mable ) ,8 ,son%ip1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3bi4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,consid]$ on ! "p ( _! effici5cy1 :i* is dep5d5t on ! ,div9e p[]1 bo? ,*ri/'s dea? & ,8 ,resurrection are ! cause bo? ( ! de/ruction ( dea? & ( ! r5ewal ( life3 b consid]$ z exempl> causes1 ,*ri/'s dea?--by :i* ,he )drew f mortal life--is ! cause ( ! de/ruction ( our dea?2 :ile ,8 ,resurrection1 :]eby ,he inaugurat$ immortal life1 is ! cause ( ! repair+ ( our life4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion is fur!rmore a m]itori\s cause1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #dh1 ,a4 #a74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ef1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,resurrection ,is ! ,cause ( ! ,resurrection ( ,s\ls8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is n ! cause ( ! resurrection ( s\ls1 because ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xxiii sup] ,joan47 t bodies rise by ,8 human disp5sation1 b s\ls rise by ! ,sub/ance ( ,god4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,resurrection does n belong to ,god's ,sub/ance1 b to ! disp5sation ( ,8 humanity4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! cause ( bodies ris+1 nev]!less x does n seem to be ! cause ( ! resurrection ( s\ls4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a body does n act ^u a _s4 ,b ! ,resurrection belongs to ,8 body1 :i* dea? laid l[4 ,!re=e ,8 ,resurrection is n ! cause ( ! resurrection ( s\ls4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 s9ce ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! cause :y bodies rise aga91 ! bodies ( all m5 %all rise aga91 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ae3ea3 ,we %all all inde$ rise aga94 ,b ! s\ls ( all w n rise aga91 because accord+ to ,matt4 #be3df3 "s %all g into ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is n ! cause ( ! resurrection ( s\ls4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! resurrection ( s\ls comes ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,b ?is 0 effect$ by ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ to ,apoc4 #a3e3 ,he wa%$ u f our s9s 9 ,8 own blood4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s ,passion ev5 m ?an ,8 ,resurrection is ! cause ( ! resurrection ( s\ls4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #d3be73 ,he rose aga9 = our ju/ification1 :i* is no?+ else ?an ! resurrection ( s\ls3 & on ,ps4 #bi3f3 ,9 ! ev5+ weep+ %all h place1 ! gloss says1 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! cause ( ours1 bo? ( ! s\l at pres5t1 & ( ! body 9 ! future4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above1 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection works 9 virtue ( ! ,godhead2 n[ ?is virtue ext5ds n only to ! resurrection ( bodies1 b also to t ( s\ls3 = x comes ( ,god t ! s\l lives by grace1 & t ! body lives by ! s\l4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s ,resurrection has in/rum5tally an effective p[] n only ) reg>d to ! resurrection ( bodies1 b also ) respect to ! resurrection ( s\ls4 ,9 l fa%ion x is an exempl> cause ) reg>d to ! resurrection ( s\ls1 because ev5 9 our s\ls we mu/ be con=m$ ) ! ris+ ,*ri/3 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #f3d-aa7 ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead by ! glory ( ! ,fa!r1 s we also may walk 9 newness ( life3 & z ,he1 ris+ aga9 f ! dead1 die? n[ no m1 s let u reckon t we 7,vulg43 'y'7 are dead to s91 t we may live toge!r ) ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,augu/9e says t ! resurrection ( s\ls is wr\ght by ,god's ,sub/ance1 z to p>ticipation1 because s\ls become good & j by %>+ 9 ! ,div9e goodness1 b n by %>+ 9 any?+ creat$4 ,accord+ly1 aft] say+ t s\ls rise by ! ,div9e ,sub/ance1 he adds3 ! s\l is beatifi$ by a p>ticipation ) ,god1 & n by a p>ticipation ) a holy s\l4 ,b our bodies are made glori\s by %>+ 9 ! glory ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! efficacy ( ,*ri/'s ,resurrection rea*es s\ls n f any special virtue ( ,8 ris5 body1 b f ! virtue ( ! ,godhead p]sonally unit$ ) x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! resurrection ( s\ls p]ta9s to m]it1 :i* is ! effect ( ju/ification2 b ! resurrection ( bodies is orda9$ = puni%m5t or rew>d1 :i* are ! effects ( ,him :o judges4 ,n[ x belongs to ,*ri/1 n to ju/ify all m51 b to judge !m3 & !re=e ,he raises up all z to _! bodies1 b n z to _! s\ls4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,two ?+s concur 9 ! ju/ification ( s\ls1 namely1 =giv5ess ( s9 & newness ( life ?r\gh grace4 ,consequ5tly1 z to efficacy1 :i* comes ( ! ,div9e p[]1 ! ,passion z well z ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/ is ! cause ( ju/ification z to bo? ! above4 ,b z to exempl>ity1 prop]ly speak+ ,*ri/'s ,passion & dea? are ! cause ( ! =giv5ess ( guilt1 by :i* =giv5ess we die unto s93 :]eas ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is ! cause ( newness ( life1 :i* comes ?r\gh grace or ju/ice3 consequ5tly1 ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #d3be7 t ,he 0 deliv]$ up1 i4e4 to dea?1 = our s9s1 i4e4 to take !m away1 & rose aga9 = our ju/ification4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 also a m]itori\s cause1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #d2 ,q4 #dh1 ,a4 #a74 ,,"q #eg ,,( ,,! ,,asc5sion ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion3 conc]n+ :i* !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x belong$ = ,*ri/ to asc5d into heav58 7#b7 ,accord+ to :i* nature did x become ,him to asc5d8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he asc5d$ by ,8 own p[]8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he asc5d$ above all ! corporeal heav5s8 7#e7 ,:e!r ,he asc5d$ above all spiritual creatures8 7#f7 ,( ! effect ( ! ,asc5sion4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eg1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,0 ,fitt+ = ,*ri/ to ,asc5d into ,heav58 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to asc5d into heav54 ,= ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,coelo ii7 t ?+s :i* are 9 a /ate ( p]fection possess _! good )\t movem5t4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 9 a /ate ( p]fection1 s9ce ,he is ! ,sov]eign ,good 9 respect ( ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 & sov]eignly glorifi$ 9 respect ( ,8 human nature4 ,consequ5tly1 ,he has ,8 good )\t movem5t4 ,b asc5sion is movem5t4 ,!re=e x 0 n fitt+ = ,*ri/ to asc5d4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :atev] is mov$1 is mov$ on acc\nt ( some?+ bett]4 ,b x 0 no bett] ?+ = ,*ri/ to be 9 heav5 ?an ^u e>?1 because ,he ga9$ no?+ ei!r 9 s\l or 9 body by be+ 9 heav54 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ %\ld n h asc5d$ into heav54 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,son ( ,god took human fle% = our salvation4 ,b x w\ld h be5 m b5eficial = m5 if ,he _h t>ri$ always ) u ^u e>?2 ?us ,he said to ,8 disciples 7,luke #ag3bb73 ,! days w come :5 y %all desire to see "o day ( ! ,son ( man2 & y %all n see x4 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ = ,*ri/ to h asc5d$ into heav54 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 z ,gregory says 7,moral4 xiv71 ,*ri/'s body 0 9 no way *ang$ aft] ! ,resurrection4 ,b ,he did n asc5d into heav5 imm$iately aft] ris+ aga91 = ,he said aft] ! ,resurrection 7,john #bj3ag73 ,i am n yet asc5d$ to ,my ,fa!r4 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r %\ld ,he h asc5d$ aft] =ty days4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,are ! words ( our ,"l 7,john #bj3ag73 ,i asc5d to ,my ,fa!r & to y\r ,fa!r4 ,i answ] t1 ,! place ought to be 9 keep+ ) :at is conta9$ !re94 ,n[ by ,8 ,resurrection ,*ri/ ent]$ ^u an immortal & incorruptible life4 ,b :]eas our dwell+-place is "o ( g5]ation & corruption1 ! heav5ly place is "o ( incorruption4 ,& consequ5tly x 0 n fitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld rema9 ^u e>? aft] ! ,resurrection2 b x 0 fitt+ t ,he %\ld asc5d to heav54 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,t :i* is be/ & possesses its good )\t movem5t is ,god ,himself1 because ,he is utt]ly un*angeable1 accord+ to ,mala*i #c3f3 ,i am ! ,"l1 & ,i *ange n4 ,b e creature is *angeable 9 "s respect1 z is evid5t f ,augu/9e 7,g54 ad lit4 viii74 ,& s9ce ! nature assum$ by ! ,son ( ,god rema9$ a creature1 z is cle> f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #g2 ,q4 #af1 ,,aa4 #h1 #aj2 ,q4 #bj1 ,a4 #a71 x is n unbecom+ if "s movem5t be attribut$ to x4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by asc5d+ into heav5 ,*ri/ acquir$ no addition to ,8 ess5tial glory ei!r 9 body or 9 s\l3 nev]!less ,he did acquire some?+ z to ! fitt+ness ( place1 :i* p]ta9s to ! well-be+ ( glory3 n t ,8 body acquir$ any?+ f a heav5ly body by way ( p]fection or pres]vation2 b m]ely out ( a c]ta9 fitt+ness4 ,n[ ?is 9 a measure belong$ to ,8 glory2 & ,he _h a c]ta9 k9d ( joy f su* fitt+ness1 n inde$ t ,he !n began to d]ive joy f x :5 ,he asc5d$ into heav51 b t ,he rejoic$ !reat 9 a new way1 z at a ?+ complet$4 ,h5ce1 on ,ps4 #ae3aa3 ,at ,?y "r h& are delights ev5 unto ! end1 ! gloss says3 ,i %all delight 9 sitt+ nigh to ,!e1 :5 ,i %all be tak5 away f ! sight ( m54 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/'s bodily pres5ce 0 )drawn f ! fai?ful by ! ,asc5sion1 /ill ! pres5ce ( ,8 ,godhead is ev] ) ! fai?ful1 z ,he ,himself says 7,matt4 #bh3bj73 ,behold1 ,i am ) y all days1 ev5 to ! consummation ( ! _w4 ,=1 by asc5d+ into heav5 ,he did n ab&on ^? :om ,he adopt$1 z ,pope ,leo says 7,de ,resurrec41 ,s]m4 ii74 ,b ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion into heav51 :]eby ,he )drew ,8 bodily pres5ce f u1 0 m pr(itable = u ?an ,8 bodily pres5ce w\ld h be54 ,fir/ ( all1 9 ord] to increase our fai?1 :i* is ( ?+s unse54 ,h5ce our ,"l said 7,john #bf7 t ! ,holy ,gho/ %all come & conv9ce ! _w 4 4 4 ( ju/ice1 t is1 ( ! ju/ice ( ^? t believe1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xcv sup] ,joan473 ,= ev5 to put ! fai?ful beside ! unbeliev] is to put ! unbeliev] to %ame2 :]e=e he goes on to say 7#aj73 ',because ,i g to ! ,fa!r2 & y %all see ,me no long]'--,= 'bless$ are !y t see n1 yet believe4' ,h5ce x is ( our ju/ice t ! _w is reprov$3 because 'y w believe 9 ,me :om y %all n see4' ,secondly1 to uplift our hope3 h5ce ,he says 7,john #ad3c73 ,if ,i %all g1 & prep>e a place = y1 ,i w come aga91 & w take y to ,myself2 t :]e ,i am1 y also may be4 ,= by plac+ 9 heav5 ! human nature :i* ,he assum$1 ,*ri/ gave u ! hope ( go+ ?i!r2 s9ce :]esoev] ! body %all be1 !re %all ! eagles also be ga!r$ toge!r1 z is writt5 9 ,matt4 #bd3bh4 ,h5ce x is writt5 likewise 7,mic4 #b3ac73 ,he %all g up t %all op5 ! way be=e !m4 ,?irdly1 9 ord] to direct ! f]vor ( our *>ity to heav5ly ?+s4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,col4 #c3a1 #b73 ,seek ! ?+s t are above1 :]e ,*ri/ is sitt+ at ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,m9d ! ?+s t are above1 n ! ?+s t are ^u ! e>?3 = z is said 7,matt4 #f3ba73 ,:]e ?y treasure is1 !re is ?y he>t also4 ,& s9ce ! ,holy ,gho/ is love draw+ u up to heav5ly ?+s1 !re=e our ,"l said to ,8 disciples 7,john #af3g73 ,x is exp$i5t to y t ,i g2 = if ,i g n1 ! ,p>aclete w n come to y2 b if ,i g1 ,i w s5d ,him to y4 ,on :i* words ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xciv sup] ,joan473 ,ye _c receive ! ,_s1 s long z ye p]si/ 9 kn[+ ,*ri/ accord+ to ! fle%4 ,b :5 ,*ri/ )drew 9 body1 n only ! ,holy ,gho/1 b bo? ,fa!r & ,son 7 pres5t ) !m spiritually4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,al?\gh a heav5ly place befitt$ ,*ri/ :5 ,he rose to immortal life1 nev]!less ,he delay$ ! ,asc5sion 9 ord] to confirm ! tru? ( ,8 ,resurrection4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,acts #a3c71 t ,he %[$ ,himself alive aft] ,8 ,passion1 by _m pro(s1 = =ty days appe>+ to !m3 ^u :i* ! gloss says t because ,he 0 dead = =ty h\rs1 dur+ =ty days ,he e/abli%$ ! fact ( ,8 be+ alive aga94 ,or ! =ty days may be und]/ood z a figure ( ?is _w1 :]e9 ,*ri/ dwells 9 ,8 ,*ur*3 inasmu* z man is made out ( ! f\r elem5ts1 & is caution$ n to transgress ! ,decalogue4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eg1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion into ,heav5 ,belong$ to ,him ,accord+ to ,8 ,div9e ,nature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion into heav5 belong$ to ,him accord+ to ,8 ,div9e ,nature4 ,=1 x is writt5 7,ps4 #df3f73 ,god is asc5d$ ) jubilee3 & 7,deut4 #cc3bf73 ,he t is m\nt$ ^u ! heav5 is ?y help]4 ,b ^! words 7 spok5 ( ,god ev5 be=e ,*ri/'s ,inc>nation4 ,!re=e x belongs to ,*ri/ to asc5d into heav5 z ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x belongs to ! same p]son to asc5d into heav5 z to desc5d f heav51 accord+ to ,john #c3ac3 ,no man ha? asc5d$ into heav51 b ,he t desc5d$ f heav53 & ,eph4 #d3aj3 ,he t desc5d$ is ! same also t asc5d$4 ,b ,*ri/ came d[n f heav5 n z man1 b z ,god3 because previ\sly ,8 ,nature 9 heav5 0 n human1 b ,div9e4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ asc5d$ into heav5 z ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 by ,8 ,asc5sion ,*ri/ asc5d$ to ! ,fa!r4 ,b x 0 n z man t ,he rose to equality ) ! ,fa!r2 = 9 ?is respect ,he says3 ,he is great] ?an ,i1 z is said 9 ,john #ad3bh4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ asc5d$ z ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,eph4 #d3aj3 ,t ,he asc5d$1 :at is x1 b because ,he also desc5d$1 a gloss says3 ,x is cle> t ,he desc5d$ & asc5d$ accord+ to ,8 humanity4 ,i answ] t1 ,! expression accord+ to c d5ote two ?+s2 ! condition ( ! "o :o asc5ds1 & ! cause ( 8 asc5sion4 ,:5 tak5 to express ! condition ( ! "o asc5d+1 ! ,asc5sion 9 no wise belongs to ,*ri/ accord+ to ! condition ( ,8 ,div9e ,nature2 bo? because !re is no?+ high] ?an ! ,div9e ,nature to :i* ,he c asc5d2 & because asc5sion is local motion1 a ?+ n 9 keep+ ) ! ,div9e ,nature1 :i* is immovable & outside all place4 ,yet ! ,asc5sion is 9 keep+ ) ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 human nature1 :i* is limit$ by place1 & c be ! subject ( motion4 ,9 ?is s5se1 !n1 we c say t ,*ri/ asc5d$ into heav5 z man1 b n z ,god4 ,b if ! phrase accord+ to d5ote ! cause ( ! ,asc5sion1 s9ce ,*ri/ asc5d$ into heav5 9 virtue ( ,8 ,godhead1 & n 9 virtue ( ,8 human nature1 !n x mu/ be said t ,*ri/ asc5d$ into heav5 n z man1 b z ,god4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,asc5sion3 ,x 0 our do+ t ! ,son ( man hung ^u ! cross2 b x 0 ,8 own do+ t ,he asc5d$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^! utt]ances 7 spok5 prophetically ( ,god :o 0 "o day to become inc>nate4 ,/ill x c be said t al?\gh to asc5d does n belong to ! ,div9e ,nature prop]ly1 yet x c metaphorically2 z1 = in/ance1 x is said to asc5d 9 ! he>t ( man 7cf4 ,ps4 #hc3f71 :5 8 he>t submits & humbles itself be=e ,god3 & 9 ! same way ,god is said to asc5d metaphorically ) reg>d to e creature1 s9ce ,he subjects x to ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,he :o asc5d$ is ! same z ,he :o desc5d$4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symb4 iv73 ,:o is x t desc5ds8 ,! ,god-,man4 ,:o is x t asc5ds8 ,! self-same ,god-,man4 ,nev]!less a tw(old desc5t is attribut$ to ,*ri/2 "o1 :]eby ,he is said to h desc5d$ f heav51 :i* is attribut$ to ! ,god-,man accord+ z ,he is ,god3 = ,he is n to be und]/ood z hav+ desc5d$ by any local movem5t1 b z hav+ empti$ ,himself1 s9ce :5 ,he 0 9 ! =m ( ,god ,he took ! =m ( a s]vant4 ,= j z ,he is said to be empti$1 n by los+ ,8 fulness1 b because ,he took our littl5ess ^u ,himself1 s likewise ,he is said to h desc5d$ f heav51 n t ,he des]t$ heav51 b because ,he assum$ human nature 9 unity ( p]son4 ,& !re is ano!r desc5t :]eby ,he desc5d$ into ! l[] regions ( ! e>?1 z is writt5 ,eph4 #d3i2 & ?is is local desc5t3 h5ce ?is belongs to ,*ri/ accord+ to ! condition ( human nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ is said to asc5d to ! ,fa!r1 inasmu* z ,he asc5ds to sit on ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r2 & ?is is befitt+ ,*ri/ 9 a measure accord+ to ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 & 9 a measure accord+ to ,8 human nature1 z w be said lat] 7,q4 #eh1 ,a4 #c74 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eg1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,asc5d$ by ,8 ,own ,p[]8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n asc5d by ,8 own p[]1 because x is writt5 7,mk4 #af3ai7 t ! ,"l ,jesus1 aft] ,he _h spok5 to !m1 0 tak5 up to heav52 & 7,acts #a3i7 t1 :ile !y look$ on1 ,he 0 rais$ up1 & a cl\d receiv$ ,him out ( _! sight4 ,b :at is tak5 up1 & lift$ up1 appe>s to be mov$ by ano!r4 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 n by ,8 own p[]1 b by ano!r's t ,*ri/ 0 tak5 up into heav54 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s 0 an e>?ly body1 l to ours4 ,b x is contr>y to ! nature ( an e>?ly body to be borne upw>ds4 ,moreov]1 :at is mov$ contr>y to its nature is n[ise mov$ by its own p[]4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n asc5d to heav5 by ,8 own p[]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s own p[] is ,div9e4 ,b ?is motion does n seem to h be5 ,div9e1 because1 :]eas ! ,div9e p[] is inf9ite1 su* motion w\ld be in/antane\s2 consequ5tly1 ,he w\ld n h be5 uplift$ to heav5 :ile ! disciples look$ on1 z is /at$ 9 ,acts #a3i4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ,*ri/ did n asc5d to heav5 by ,8 own p[]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #fc3a73 ,?is beautiful "o 9 8 robe1 walk+ 9 ! greatness ( 8 /r5g?4 ,also ,gregory says 9 a ,homily on ! ,asc5sion 7xxix73 ,x is to be not$ t we read ( ,elias hav+ asc5d$ 9 a *>iot1 t x might be %[n t "o :o 0 m]e man ne$$ ano!r's help4 ,b we d n read ( our ,savi\r be+ lift$ up ei!r 9 a *>iot or by angels1 because ,he :o _h made all ?+s 0 tak5 up above all ?+s by ,8 own p[]4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re is a tw(old nature 9 ,*ri/1 to wit1 ! ,div9e & ! human4 ,h5ce ,8 own p[] c be accept$ accord+ to bo?4 ,likewise a tw(old p[] c be accept$ reg>d+ ,8 human nature3 "o is natural1 fl[+ f ! pr9ciples ( nature2 & x is q evid5t t ,*ri/ did n asc5d into heav5 by su* p[] z ?is4 ,! o!r is ! p[] ( glory1 :i* is 9 ,*ri/'s human nature2 & x 0 accord+ to ?is t ,he asc5d$ to heav54 ,n[ !re are "s :o endeavor to assign ! cause ( ?is p[] to ! nature ( ! fif? ess5ce4 ,?is1 z !y say1 is light1 :i* !y make out to be ( ! composition ( ! human body1 & by :i* !y cont5d t contr>y elem5ts are reconcil$2 s t 9 ! /ate ( ?is mortality1 elem5tal nature is pr$om9ant 9 human bodies3 s t1 accord+ to ! nature ( ?is pr$om9at+ elem5t ! human body is borne d[nw>ds by its own p[]3 b 9 ! condition ( glory ! heav5ly nature w pr$om9ate1 by ^: t5d5cy & p[] ,*ri/'s body & ! bodies ( ! sa9ts are lift$ up to heav54 ,b we h already treat$ ( ?is op9ion 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #g71 & %all deal ) x m fully 9 treat+ ( ! g5]al resurrection 7,suppl41 ,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #a74 ,sett+ ?is op9ion aside1 o!rs assign z ! cause ( ?is p[] ! glorifi$ s\l itself1 f ^: ov]fl[ ! body w be glorifi$1 z ,augu/9e writes to ,dioscorus 7,ep4 cxviii74 ,= ! glorifi$ body w be s submissive to ! glorifi$ s\l1 t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xxii71 :]esoev] ! _s li/e?1 ?i!r ! body w be on ! in/ant2 nor w ! _s desire any?+ unbecom+ to ! s\l or ! body4 ,n[ x is befitt+ ! glorifi$ & immortal body = x to be 9 a heav5ly place1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s body asc5d$ into heav5 by ! p[] ( ,8 s\l will+ x4 ,b z ! body is made glori\s by p>ticipation ) ! s\l1 ev5 s1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xxiii 9 ,joan471 ! s\l is beatifi$ by p>ticipat+ 9 ,god4 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,div9e p[] is ! fir/ s\rce ( ! asc5t into heav54 ,!re=e ,*ri/ asc5d$ into heav5 by ,8 own p[]1 fir/ ( all by ,8 ,div9e p[]1 & secondly by ! p[] ( ,8 glorifi$ s\l mov+ ,8 body at w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,*ri/ is said to h ris5 by ,8 own p[]1 ?\gh ,he 0 rais$ to life by ! p[] ( ! ,fa!r1 s9ce ! ,fa!r's p[] is ! same z ! ,son's2 s also ,*ri/ asc5d$ into heav5 by ,8 own p[]1 & yet 0 rais$ up & tak5 up to heav5 by ! ,fa!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t proves t ,*ri/ did n asc5d into heav5 by ,8 own p[]1 i4e4 t :i* is natural to human nature3 yet ,he did asc5d by ,8 own p[]1 i4e4 ,8 ,div9e p[]1 z well z by ,8 own p[]1 i4e4 ! p[] ( ,8 beatifi$ s\l4 ,& al?\gh to m\nt upw>ds is contr>y to ! nature ( a human body 9 its pres5t condition1 9 :i* ! body is n entirely dom9at$ by ! s\l1 /ill x w n be unnatural or =c$ 9 a glorifi$ body1 ^: entire nature is utt]ly "u ! control ( ! _s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! ,div9e p[] be inf9ite1 & op]ate inf9itely1 s f> z ! work] is conc]n$1 /ill ! effect !re( is receiv$ 9 ?+s accord+ to _! capacity1 & z ,god disposes4 ,n[ a body is incapable ( be+ mov$ locally 9 an in/ant1 because x mu/ be comm5surate ) space1 accord+ to ! division ( :i* "t is reckon$1 z is prov$ 9 ,physics vi4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n necess>y = a body mov$ by ,god to be mov$ in/antane\sly1 b ) su* spe$ z ,god disposes4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eg1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,asc5d$ ,above ,all ! ,heav5s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n asc5d above all ! heav5s1 = x is writt5 7,ps4 #aj3e73 ,! ,"l is 9 ,8 holy temple1 ! ,"l's ?rone is 9 heav54 ,b :at is 9 heav5 is n above heav54 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n asc5d above all ! heav5s4 ,obj4 #b3 99,?is objection ) its solution is omitt$ 9 ! ,leon9e edition z n be+ 9 ! orig9al manuscript4 ,fur!r1 !re is no place above ! heav5s1 z is prov$ 9 ,de ,coelo i4 ,b e body mu/ occupy a place4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body did n asc5d above all ! heav5s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 two bodies _c occupy ! same place4 ,s9ce1 !n1 !re is no pass+ f place to place except ?r\gh ! middle space1 x seems t ,*ri/ c\ld n h asc5d$ above all ! heav5s unless heav5 7 divid$2 :i* is impossible4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x is n>rat$ 7,acts #a3i7 t a cl\d receiv$ ,him out ( _! sight4 ,b cl\ds _c be uplift$ beyond heav54 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/ did n asc5d above all ! heav5s4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 we believe t ,*ri/ w dwell = ev] 9 ! place :i!r ,he has asc5d$4 ,b :at is aga9/ nature _c la/ = ev]1 because :at is accord+ to nature is m preval5t & ( m frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,!re=e1 s9ce x is contr>y to nature = an e>?ly body to be above heav51 x seems t ,*ri/'s body did n asc5d above heav54 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eph4 #d3aj73 ,he asc5d$ above all ! heav5s t ,he might fill all ?+s4 ,i answ] t1 ,! m fully any?+ corporeal %>es 9 ! ,div9e goodness1 ! high] its place 9 ! corporeal ord]1 :i* is ord] ( place4 ,h5ce we see t ! m =mal bodies are naturally ! high]1 z is cle> f ! ,philosoph] 7,phys4 iv2 ,de ,coelo ii71 s9ce x is by its =m t e body p>takes ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 z is %[n 9 ,physics i4 ,b ?r\gh glory ! body d]ives a great] %>e 9 ! ,div9e goodness ?an any o!r natural body does ?r\gh its natural =m2 :ile among o!r glori\s bodies x is manife/ t ,*ri/'s body %9es ) great] glory4 ,h5ce x 0 mo/ fitt+ = x to be set above all bodies4 ,?us x is t on ,eph4 #d3h3 ,asc5d+ on high1 ! gloss says3 9 place & dignity4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,god's seat is said to be 9 heav51 n z ?\gh heav5 conta9$ ,him1 b r because x is conta9$ by ,him4 ,h5ce x is n necess>y = any "p ( heav5 to be high]1 b = ,him to be above all ! heav5s2 accord+ to ,ps4 #h3b3 ,= ,?y magnific5ce is elevat$ above ! heav5s1 ,o ,god6 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 99,omitt$ 9 ,leon9e edition2 see ,obj4#b ,a place implies ! notion ( conta9+2 h5ce ! fir/ conta9] has ! =mality ( fir/ place1 & su* is ! fir/ heav54 ,!re=e bodies ne$ 9 !mselves to be 9 a place1 9 s f> z !y are conta9$ by a heav5ly body4 ,b glorifi$ bodies1 ,*ri/'s especially1 d n /& 9 ne$ ( be+ s conta9$1 because !y draw no?+ f ! heav5ly bodies1 b f ,god ?r\gh ! s\l4 ,s !re is no?+ to prev5t ,*ri/'s body f be+ beyond ! conta9+ radius ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & n 9 a conta9+ place4 ,nor is !re ne$ = a vacuum to exi/ outside heav51 s9ce !re is no place !re1 nor is !re any pot5tiality susceptive ( a body1 b ! pot5tiality ( rea*+ ?i!r lies 9 ,*ri/4 ,s :5 ,ari/otle proves 7,de ,coelo ii7 t !re is no body beyond heav51 ?is mu/ be und]/ood ( bodies :i* are 9 a /ate ( pure nature1 z is se5 f ! pro(s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh x is n ( ! nature ( a body = x to be 9 ! same place ) ano!r body1 yet ,god c br+ x ab\t miracul\sly t a body be ) ano!r 9 ! same place1 z ,*ri/ did :5 ,he w5t =? f ! ,virg9's seal$ womb1 also :5 ,he ent]$ among ! disciples ?r\gh clos$ doors1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 xxvi74 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body c be 9 ! same place ) ano!r body1 n ?r\gh "s inh]5t prop]ty 9 ! body1 b ?r\gh ! assi/ance & op]ation ( ! ,div9e p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,t cl\d af=d$ no support z a vehicle to ! asc5d+ ,*ri/3 b x appe>$ z a sign ( ! ,godhead1 j z ,god's glory appe>$ to ,israel 9 a cl\d ov] ! ,tab]nacle 7,ex4 #dj3cb2 ,num4 #i3ae74 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,a glorifi$ body has ! p[] to be 9 heav5 or above heav51 n f its natural pr9ciples1 b f ! beatifi$ s\l1 f :i* x d]ives its glory3 & j z ! upw>d motion ( a glorifi$ body is n viol5t1 s nei!r is its re/ viol5t3 consequ5tly1 !re is no?+ to prev5t x f be+ ev]la/+4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eg1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,asc5d$ ,above ,e ,spiritual ,creature8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s body did n asc5d above e spiritual creature4 ,= no fitt+ comp>ison c be made betwe5 ?+s :i* h no common ratio4 ,b place is n pr$icat$ 9 ! same ratio ( bodies & ( spiritual creatures1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #h1 ,a4 #b1 ad #a1 #b2 ,q4 #eb1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s body _c be said to h asc5d$ above e spiritual creature4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]a ,relig4 lv7 t a _s always takes prec$5ce ov] a body4 ,b ! high] place is due to ! high] ?+s4 ,!re=e x does n seem t ,*ri/ asc5d$ above e spiritual creature4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 e place a body exi/s1 s9ce !re is no su* ?+ z a vacuum 9 nature4 ,!re=e if no body obta9s a high] place ?an a _s 9 ! ord] ( natural bodies1 !n !re w be no place above e spiritual creature4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s body c\ld n asc5d above e spiritual creature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eph4 #a3ba73 ,god set ,him above all pr9cipality1 & ,p[]1 & e "n t is nam$1 n only 9 ?is _w1 b also 9 t :i* is to come4 ,i answ] t1 ,! m exalt$ place is due to ! nobl] subject1 :e!r x be a place accord+ to bodily contact1 z reg>ds bodies1 or :e!r x be by way ( spiritual contact1 z reg>ds spiritual sub/ances2 ?us a heav5ly place :i* is ! highe/ ( places is becom+ly due to spiritual sub/ances1 s9ce !y are highe/ 9 ! ord] ( sub/ances4 ,b al?\gh ,*ri/'s body is b5ea? spiritual sub/ances1 if we weigh ! conditions ( its corporeal nature1 nev]!less x surpasses all spiritual sub/ances 9 dignity1 :5 we call to m9d its dignity ( union :]eby x is unit$ p]sonally ) ,god4 ,consequ5tly1 ow+ to ?is v fitt+ness1 a high] place is due to x above e spiritual creature4 ,h5ce ,gregory says 9 a ,homily on ! ,asc5sion 7xxix 9 ,evang47 t ,he :o _h made all ?+s1 0 by ,8 own p[] rais$ up above all ?+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh a place is diff]5tly attribut$ to corporeal & spiritual sub/ances1 /ill 9 ei!r case ?is rema9s 9 common1 t ! high] place is assign$ to ! wor?i]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t holds good ( ,*ri/'s body accord+ to ! conditions ( its corporeal nature1 b n accord+ to its =mality ( union4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is comp>ison may be consid]$ ei!r on ! "p ( ! places2 & ?us !re is no place s high z to exce$ ! dignity ( a spiritual sub/ance3 9 ?is s5se ! objection runs4 ,or x may be consid]$ on ! "p ( ! dignity ( ! ?+s to :i* a place is attribut$3 & 9 ?is way x is due to ! body ( ,*ri/ to be above spiritual creatures4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eg1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion ,is ! ,cause ( ,our ,salvation8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion is n ! cause ( our salvation4 ,=1 ,*ri/ 0 ! cause ( our salvation 9 s f> z ,he m]it$ x4 ,b ,he m]it$ no?+ = u by ,8 ,asc5sion1 because ,8 ,asc5sion belongs to ! rew>d ( ,8 exaltation3 & ! same ?+ is n bo? m]it & rew>d1 j z nei!r are a road & its t]m9us ! same4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion is n ! cause ( our salvation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 if ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion be ! cause ( our salvation1 x seems t ?is is pr9cipally due to ! fact t ,8 ,asc5sion is ! cause ( ours4 ,b ?is 0 be/[$ ^u u by ,8 ,passion1 = x is writt5 7,heb4 #aj3ai73 ,we h ,vulg43 ',hav+' confid5ce 9 ! ent]+ into ! holies by ,8 blood4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion 0 n ! cause ( our salvation4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! salvation :i* ,*ri/ be/[s is an ev]la/+ "o1 accord+ to ,isa4 #ea3f3 ,my salvation %all be = ev]4 ,b ,*ri/ did n asc5d into heav5 to rema9 !re et]nally2 = x is writt5 7,acts #a3aa73 ,he %all s come z y h se5 ,him go+1 into heav54 ,besides1 we read ( ,him %[+ ,himself to _m holy p on e>? aft] ,he w5t up to heav51 to ,paul1 = in/ance 7,acts #i74 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion is n ! cause ( our salvation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,he ,himself said 7,john #af3g73 ,x is exp$i5t to y t ,i g2 i4e4 t ,i %\ld leave y & asc5d into heav54 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion is ! cause ( our salvation 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all1 on our "p2 secondly1 on ,84 ,on our "p1 9 s f> z by ! ,asc5sion our s\ls are uplift$ to ,him2 because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c71 ,8 ,asc5sion fo/]s1 fir/1 fai?2 secondly1 hope2 ?irdly1 *>ity4 ,f\r?ly1 our rev]5ce = ,him is !reby increas$1 s9ce we no long] deem ,him an e>?ly man1 b ! ,god ( heav52 ?us ! ,apo/le says 7#b ,cor4 #e3af73 ,if we h kn[n ,*ri/ accord+ to ! fle%--'t is1 z mortal1 :]eby we reput$ ,him z a m]e man1' z ! gloss int]prets ! words--b n[ we "k ,him s no long]4 ,on ,8 "p1 9 reg>d to ^? ?+s :i*1 9 asc5d+1 ,he did = our salvation4 ,fir/1 ,he prep>$ ! way = our asc5t into heav51 accord+ to ,8 own say+ 7,john #ad3b73 ,i g to prep>e a place = y1 & ! words ( ,mi*eas 7#b3ac71 ,he %all g up t %all op5 ! way be=e !m4 ,= s9ce ,he is our ,head ! memb]s mu/ foll[ :i!r ! ,head has gone3 h5ce ,he said 7,john #ad3c73 ,t :]e ,i am1 y also may be4 ,9 sign :]e( ,he took to heav5 ! s\ls ( ! sa9ts deliv]$ f hell1 accord+ to ,ps4 #fg3ai 7,cf4 ,eph4 #d3h73 ,asc5d+ on high1 ,he l$ captivity captive1 because ,he took ) ,him to heav5 ^? :o _h be5 held captives by ! devil--to heav51 z to a place /range to human nature4 captives 9 de$ ( a happy tak+1 s9ce !y 7 acquir$ by ,8 victory4 ,secondly1 because z ! high-prie/ "u ! ,old ,te/am5t ent]$ ! holy place to /& be=e ,god = ! p1 s also ,*ri/ ent]$ heav5 to make int]cession = u1 z is said 9 ,heb4 #g3be4 ,because ! v %[+ ( ,himself 9 ! human nature :i* ,he took ) ,him to heav5 is a plead+ = u1 s t = ! v reason t ,god s exalt$ human nature 9 ,*ri/1 ,he may take pity on !m = :om ! ,son ( ,god took human nature4 ,?irdly1 t be+ e/abli%$ 9 ,8 heav5ly seat z ,god & ,"l1 ,he might s5d d[n gifts ^u m51 accord+ to ,eph4 #d3aj3 ,he asc5d$ above all ! heav5s1 t ,he might fill all ?+s1 t is1 ) ,8 gifts1 accord+ to ! gloss4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion is ! cause ( our salvation by way n ( m]it1 b ( effici5cy1 z 0 /at$ above reg>d+ ,8 ,resurrection 7,q4 #ef1 ,a4 #a1 ad #c1 #d74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s ,passion is ! cause ( our asc5d+ to heav51 prop]ly speak+1 by remov+ ! h9drance :i* is s91 & also by way ( m]it3 :]eas ,*ri/'s ,asc5sion is ! direct cause ( our asc5sion1 z by beg9n+ x 9 ,him :o is our ,head1 ) :om ! memb]s mu/ be unit$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ by once asc5d+ into heav5 acquir$ = ,himself & = u 9 p]petuity ! "r & wor?9ess ( a heav5ly dwell+-place2 :i* wor?9ess suff]s 9 no way1 if1 f "s special disp5sation1 ,he sometimes comes d[n 9 body to e>?2 ei!r 9 ord] to %[ ,himself to ! :ole _w1 z at ! judgm5t2 or else to %[ ,himself p>ticul>ly to "s individual1 e4g4 9 ,paul's case1 z we read 9 ,acts #i4 ,& le/ any man may ?9k t ,*ri/ 0 n bodily pres5t :5 ?is occurr$1 ! contr>y is %[n f :at ! ,apo/le says 9 #a ,cor4 #ad3h1 to confirm fai? 9 ! ,resurrection3 ,la/ ( all ,he 0 se5 also by me1 z by "o born out ( due "t3 :i* vision w\ld n confirm ! tru? ( ! ,resurrection except he _h beheld ,*ri/'s v body4 ,,"q #eh ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,sitt+ ,,at ,,! ,,"r ,,h& ,,( ,,! ,,fa!r 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ,*ri/'s sitt+ at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ is seat$ at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r8 7#b7 ,:e!r ?is belongs to ,him accord+ to ! ,div9e ,nature8 7#c7 ,:e!r x belongs to ,him accord+ to ,8 human nature8 7#d7 ,:e!r x is some?+ prop] to ,*ri/8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eh1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,is ,fitt+ ,t ,*ri/ ,%\ld ,sit at ! ,"r ,h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem unfitt+ t ,*ri/ %\ld sit at ! "r h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,= "r & left are diff]5ces ( bodily position4 ,b no?+ corporeal c be appli$ to ,god1 s9ce ,god is a _s1 z we read 9 ,john #d3bd4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ does n sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 if anyone sits at ano!r's "r h&1 !n ! latt] is seat$ on 8 left4 ,consequ5tly1 if ,*ri/ sits at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 x foll[s t ! ,fa!r is seat$ on ! left ( ! ,son2 :i* is unseemly4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 sitt+ & /&+ savor ( opposition4 ,b ,/eph5 7,acts #g3ee7 said3 ,behold1 ,i see ! heav5s op5$1 & ! ,son ( man /&+ on ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ does n sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,m>k 7#af3ai73 ,! ,"l ,jesus1 aft] ,he _h spok5 to !m1 0 tak5 up to heav51 & sitte? on ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,! ^w sitt+ may h a tw(old mean+2 namely1 abid+ z 9 ,luke #bd3di3 ,sit ,d\ay3 ',/ay' y 9 ! city3 & royal or judici>y p[]1 z 9 ,prov4 #bj3h3 ,! k+1 t sitte? on ! ?rone ( judgm5t1 scatt]e? away all evil ) 8 look4 ,n[ 9 ei!r s5se x belongs to ,*ri/ to sit at ! ,fa!r's "r h&4 ,fir/ ( all inasmu* z ,he abides et]nally un*angeable 9 ! ,fa!r's bliss1 :i* is t]m$ ,8 "r h&1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ae3aa3 ,at ,?y "r h& are delights ev5 to ! end4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symb4 i73 ',sitte? at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r'3 ,to sit means to dwell1 j z we say ( any man3 ',he sat 9 t c\ntry = ?ree ye>s'3 ,believe1 !n1 t ,*ri/ dwells s at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r3 = ,he is happy1 & ! ,fa!r's "r h& is ! "n = ,8 bliss4 ,secondly1 ,*ri/ is said to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r inasmu* z ,he reigns toge!r ) ! ,fa!r1 & has judici>y p[] f ,him2 j z he :o sits at ! k+'s "r h& helps him 9 rul+ & judg+4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symb4 ii73 ,by ! expression '"r h&1' und]/& ! p[] :i* ?is ,man1 *os5 ( ,god1 receiv$1 t ,he might come to judge1 :o be=e _h come to be judg$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv73 ,we d n speak ( ! ,fa!r's "r h& z ( a place1 = h[ c a place be designat$ by ,8 "r h&1 :o ,himself is beyond all place8 ,"r & left belong to ?+s def9able by limit4 ,b we /yle1 z ! ,fa!r's "r h&1 ! glory & honor ( ! ,godhead4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! argum5t holds good if sitt+ at ! "r h& be tak5 corporeally4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symb4 i73 ,if we accept x 9 a c>nal s5se t ,*ri/ sits at ! ,fa!r's "r h&1 !n ! ,fa!r w be on ! left4 ,b !re--t is1 9 et]nal bliss1 x is all "r h&1 s9ce no mis]y is !re4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,gregory says 9 a ,homily on ! ,asc5sion 7,hom4 xxix 9 ,evang471 x is ! judge's place to sit1 :ile to /& is ! place ( ! combatant or help]4 ,consequ5tly1 ,/eph5 9 8 toil ( combat saw ,him /&+ :om ,he _h z 8 help]4 ,b ,m>k describes ,him z seat$ aft] ! ,asc5sion1 because aft] ! glory ( ,8 ,asc5sion ,he w at ! end be se5 z judge4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eh1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,belongs to ,*ri/ ,z ,god to ,sit at ! ,"r ,h& ( ! ,fa!r8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x does n belong to ,*ri/ z ,god to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r4 ,=1 z ,god1 ,*ri/ is ! ,fa!r's "r h&4 ,b x does n appe> to be ! same ?+ to be ! "r h& ( anyone & to sit on 8 "r h&4 ,!re=e1 z ,god1 ,*ri/ does n sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,m>k 7#af3ai7 x is said t ! ,"l ,jesus 0 tak5 up into heav51 & sitte? on ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,b x 0 n z ,god t ,*ri/ 0 tak5 up to heav54 ,!re=e nei!r does ,he1 z ,god1 sit at ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ z ,god is ! equal ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,consequ5tly1 if ,*ri/ sits z ,god at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 ) equal reason ! ,holy ,gho/ sits at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son1 & ! ,fa!r ,himself on ! "r h& ( ! ,son2 :i* no "o is f\nd to say4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv73 t :at we /yle z ! ,fa!r's "r h&1 is ! glory & honor ( ! ,godhead1 :]e9 ! ,son ( ,god exi/$ be=e ages z ,god & z consub/antial ) ! ,fa!r4 ,i answ] t1 ,z may be ga!r$ f :at has be5 said 7,a4 #a7 ?ree ?+s c be und]/ood "u ! expression "r h&4 ,fir/ ( all1 z ,damasc5e takes x1 ! glory ( ! ,godhead3 secondly1 accord+ to ,augu/9e ! beatitude ( ! ,fa!r3 ?irdly1 accord+ to ! same au?ority1 judici>y p[]4 ,n[ z we obs]v$ 7,a4 #a7 sitt+ d5otes ei!r abid+1 or royal or judici>y dignity4 ,h5ce1 to sit on ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r is no?+ else ?an to %>e 9 ! glory ( ! ,godhead ) ! ,fa!r1 & to possess beatitude & judici>y p[]1 & t un*angeably & royally4 ,b ?is belongs to ! ,son z ,god4 ,h5ce x is manife/ t ,*ri/ z ,god sits at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r2 yet s t ?is preposition at1 :i* is a transitive "o1 implies m]ely p]sonal di/9ction & ord] ( orig91 b n degree ( nature or dignity1 = !re is no su* ?+ 9 ! ,div9e ,p]sons1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #db1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,son ( ,god is call$ ! ,fa!r's "r h& by appropriation1 j z ,he is call$ ! ,p[] ( ! ,fa!r 7#a ,cor4 #a3bd74 ,b "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 9 its ?ree mean+s giv5 above1 is some?+ common to ! ?ree ,p]sons4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ z man is exalt$ to ,div9e honor2 & ?is is signifi$ 9 ! a=esaid sitt+2 nev]!less su* honor belongs to ,him z ,god1 n ?r\gh any assumption1 b ?r\gh ,8 orig9 f et]nity4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 no way c x be said t ! ,fa!r is seat$ at ! "r h& ( ! ,son or ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 because ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/ d]ive _! orig9 f ! ,fa!r1 & n conv]sely4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 h[ev]1 c be said prop]ly to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r or ( ! ,son1 9 ! a=esaid s5se1 al?\gh by a k9d ( appropriation x is attribut$ to ! ,son1 to :om equality is appropriat$2 ?us ,augu/9e says 7,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 i7 t 9 ! ,fa!r !re is unity1 9 ! ,son equality1 9 ! ,holy ,gho/ ! connection ( unity ) equality4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eh1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,x ,belongs to ,*ri/ ,z ,man to ,sit at ! ,"r ,h& ( ! ,fa!r8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x does n belong to ,*ri/ z man to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 because1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv73 ,:at we call ! ,fa!r's "r h& is ! glory & honor ( ! ,godhead4 ,b ! glory & honor ( ! ,godhead d n belong to ,*ri/ z man4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ,*ri/ z man does n sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to sit on ! rul]'s "r h& seems to exclude subjection1 because "o s sitt+ seems 9 a measure to be reign+ ) him4 ,b ,*ri/ z man is subject unto ! ,fa!r1 z is said 9 #a ,cor4 #ae3bh4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ z man does n sit at ! ,fa!r's "r h&4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 on ,rom4 #h3cd3 ,:o is at ! "r h& ( ,god1 ! gloss adds3 t is1 equal to ! ,fa!r 9 t honor1 :]eby ,god is ! ,fa!r3 or1 on ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 t is1 9 ! mighti] gifts ( ,god4 ,& on ,heb4 #a3c3 sitte? on ! "r h& ( ! maje/y on high1 ! gloss adds1 t is1 9 equality ) ! ,fa!r ov] all ?+s1 bo? 9 place & dignity4 ,b equality ) ,god does n belong to ,*ri/ z man2 = 9 ?is respect ,*ri/ ,himself says 7,john #ad3bh73 ,! ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i4 ,consequ5tly1 x appe>s unseemly = ,*ri/ z man to sit on ! ,fa!r's "r h&4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symb4 ii73 ,by ! expression '"r h&' und]/& ! p[] :i* ?is ,man1 *os5 ( ,god1 receiv$1 t ,he might come z judge1 :o be=e _h come to be judg$4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 by ! expression "r h& is und]/ood ei!r ! glory ( ,8 ,godhead1 or ,8 et]nal beatitude1 or ,8 judicial & royal p[]4 ,n[ ?is preposition at signifies a k9d ( approa* to ! "r h&2 ?us d5ot+ some?+ 9 common1 & yet ) a di/9ction1 z already obs]v$ 7,de ,symb4 ii74 ,& ?is c be 9 ?ree ways3 fir/ ( all1 by some?+ common 9 nature1 & a di/9ction 9 p]son2 & ?us ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ,god1 sits at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 because ,he has ! same ,nature z ! ,fa!r3 h5ce ^! ?+s belong to ! ,son ess5tially1 j z to ! ,fa!r2 & ?is is to be 9 equality ) ! ,fa!r4 ,secondly1 accord+ to ! grace ( union1 :i*1 on ! contr>y1 implies di/9ction ( nature1 & unity ( p]son4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ,*ri/ z man is ! ,son ( ,god1 & consequ5tly sits at ! ,fa!r's "r h&2 yet s t ! expression z does n d5ote condition ( nature1 b unity ( suppositum1 z expla9$ above 7,q4 #af1 ,,aa4 #aj1 #aa74 ,?irdly1 ! said approa* c be und]/ood accord+ to habitual grace1 :i* is m fully 9 ,*ri/ ?an 9 all o!r creatures1 s mu* s t human nature 9 ,*ri/ is m bless$ ?an all o!r creatures1 & possesses ov] all o!r creatures royal & judici>y p[]4 ,s1 !n1 if z d5ote condition ( nature1 !n ,*ri/1 z ,god1 sits at ! ,fa!r's "r h&1 t is1 9 equality ) ! ,fa!r2 b z man1 ,he sits at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 t is1 9 ! ,fa!r's mighti] gifts beyond all o!r creatures1 t is to say1 9 great] beatitude1 & ex]cis+ judici>y p[]4 ,b if z d5ote unity ( p]son1 ?us aga9 z man1 ,he sits at ! ,fa!r's "r h& z to equality ( honor1 inasmu* z ) ! same honor we v5]ate ! ,son ( ,god ) ,8 assum$ nature1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #be1 ,a4 #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s humanity accord+ to ! conditions ( ,8 nature has n ! glory or honor ( ! ,godhead1 :i* x has nev]!less by reason ( ! ,p]son ) :om x is unit$4 ,h5ce ,damasc5e adds 9 ! passage quot$3 ,9 :i*1 t is1 9 ! glory ( ! ,godhead1 ! ,son ( ,god exi/+ be=e ages1 z ,god & consub/antial ) ! ,fa!r1 sits 9 ,8 conglorifi$ fle%2 =1 "u "o adoration ! "o hypo/asis1 toge!r ) ,8 fle%1 is ador$ by e creature4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ z man is subject to ! ,fa!r1 if z d5ote ! condition ( nature3 9 :i* respect x does n belong to ,him z man to sit at ! ,fa!r's "r h&1 by reason ( _! mutual equality4 ,b x does ?us belong to ,him to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 accord+ z is !reby d5ot$ ! excell5ce ( beatitude & ,8 judici>y p[] ov] e creature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x does n belong to ,*ri/'s human nature to be 9 equality ) ! ,fa!r1 b only to ! ,p]son :o assum$ x2 b x does belong ev5 to ! assum$ human nature to %>e 9 ,god's mighti] gifts1 9 s f> z x implies exaltation above o!r creatures4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #eh1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,x ,is ,prop] to ,*ri/ to ,sit at ! ,"r ,h& ( ! ,fa!r8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t x is n prop] to ,*ri/ to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 because ! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #b3d1 #f73 ,god 4 4 4 ha? rais$ u up toge!r1 & ha? made u sit toge!r 9 ! heav5ly places ?r\gh ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,b to be rais$ up is n prop] to ,*ri/4 ,!re=e = l reason nei!r is x prop] to ,him to sit on ! "r h& ( ,god on high 7,heb4 #a3c74 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symb4 i73 ,= ,*ri/ to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 is to dwell 9 ,8 beatitude4 ,b _m m %>e 9 ?is4 ,!re=e x does n appe> to be prop] to ,*ri/ to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ ,himself says 7,apoc4 #c3ba73 ,to him t %all ov]come1 ,i w give to sit ) ,me 9 ,my ?rone3 z ,i also h ov]come1 & am set d[n ) ,my ,fa!r 9 ,8 ?rone4 ,b x is by sitt+ on ,8 ,fa!r's ?rone t ,*ri/ is seat$ at ,8 "r h&4 ,!re=e o!rs :o ov]come likewise1 sit at ! ,fa!r's "r h&4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! ,"l says 7,matt4 #bj3bc73 ,to sit on ,my "r or left h&1 is n ,m9e to give to y1 b to !m = :om x is prep>$ by ,my ,fa!r4 ,b no purpose w\ld be s]v$ by say+ ?is1 unless x 0 prep>$ = "s4 ,consequ5tly1 to sit at ! "r h& is n prop] to ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #a3ac73 ,to :i* ( ! angels said ,he at any "t3 ,sit ?\ on ,my "r h&1 i4e4 '9 ,my mighti] gifts1' or 'z my equal 9 ! ,godhead'8 99,! comm5t is f ! gloss ( ,pet] ,lomb>d z if to answ]3 ,to none4 ,b angels are high] ?an o!r creatures4 ,!re=e1 mu* less does x belong to anyone save ,*ri/ to sit at ! ,fa!r's "r h&4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #c71 ,*ri/ is said to sit at ! ,fa!r's "r h& inasmu* z ,he is on equality ) ! ,fa!r 9 respect ( ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 :ile 9 respect ( ,8 humanity1 ,he excels all creatures 9 ! possession ( ,div9e gifts4 ,b ea* ( ^! belongs exclusively to ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly1 x belongs to no "o else1 angel or man1 b to ,*ri/ alone1 to sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9ce ,*ri/ is our ,head1 !n :at 0 be/[$ on ,*ri/ is be/[$ on u ?r\gh ,him4 ,& on ?is acc\nt1 s9ce ,he is already rais$ up1 ! ,apo/le says t ,god has1 s to speak1 rais$ u up toge!r ) ,him1 /ill we ourselves are n rais$ up yet1 b are to be rais$ up1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3aa3 ,he :o rais$ up ,jesus f ! dead1 %all quick5 also y\r mortal bodies3 & aft] ! same mann] ( spee* ! ,apo/le adds t ,he has made u to sit toge!r ) ,him1 9 ! heav5ly places2 namely1 = ! v reason t ,*ri/ our ,head sits !re4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s9ce ! "r h& is ! ,div9e beatitude1 !n to sit on ! "r h& does n mean simply to be 9 beatitude1 b to possess beatitude ) a k9d ( dom9ative p[]1 z a prop]ty & "p ( "o's nature4 ,?is belongs to ,*ri/ alone1 & to no o!r creature4 ,yet x c be said t e sa9t 9 bliss is plac$ on ,god's "r h&2 h5ce x is writt5 7,matt4 #be3cc73 ,he %all set ! %eep on ,8 "r h&4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,by ! ?rone is meant ! judici>y p[] :i* ,*ri/ has f ! ,fa!r3 & 9 ?is s5se ,he is said to sit 9 ! ,fa!r's ?rone4 ,b o!r sa9ts h x f ,*ri/2 & 9 ?is respect !y are said to sit on ,*ri/'s ?rone2 accord+ to ,matt4 #ai3bh3 ,y also %all sit ^u twelve seats1 judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 lxv 9 ,mat?471 t place1 to wit1 sitt+ at ! "r h&1 is clos$ n only to all m51 b likewise to angels3 =1 ,paul decl>es x to be ! pr]ogative ( ,*ri/1 say+3 ',to :i* ( ! angels said ,he at any "t3 ,sit on ,my "r h&8' ,our ,"l !re=e repli$ n z ?\gh "s 7 go+ to sit !re "o day1 b condesc5d+ to ! supplication ( ! que/ion]s2 s9ce m ?an o!rs !y s\ght ?is "o ?+ alone1 to /& nigh to ,him4 ,/ill x c be said t ! sons ( ,zeb$ee s\ght = high] excell5ce 9 %>+ ,8 judici>y p[]2 h5ce !y did n ask to sit on ! ,fa!r's "r h& or left1 b on ,*ri/'s4 ,,"q #ei ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,judici>y ,,p[] 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ,*ri/'s judici>y p[]4 ,"u ?is head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r judici>y p[] is to be attribut$ to ,*ri/8 7#b7 ,:e!r x belongs to ,him z man8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,he acquir$ x by m]its8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,8 judici>y p[] is univ]sal ) reg>d to all m58 7#e7 ,:e!r besides ! judgm5t t takes place n[ 9 "t1 we are to expect ,him 9 ! future g5]al judgm5t8 7#f7 ,:e!r ,8 judici>y p[] ext5ds likewise to ! angels8 ,x w be m suitable to consid] ! execution ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t :5 we treat ( ?+s p]ta9+ to ! end ( ! _w 99,see ,suppl41 ,,qq4 #hh1 seqq44 ,= ! pres5t x w be en\gh to t\* on ^? po9ts t conc]n ,*ri/'s dignity4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ei1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,judici>y ,p[] ,is to ,be ,specially ,attribut$ to ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t judici>y p[] is n to be specially attribut$ to ,*ri/4 ,= judgm5t ( o!rs seems to belong to _! "l2 h5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #ad3d73 ,:o art ?\ t judge/ ano!r man's s]vant8 ,b1 x belongs to ! entire ,tr9ity to be ,"l ov] creatures4 ,!re=e judici>y p[] ought n to be attribut$ specially to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,dan4 #g3i73 ,! ,anci5t ( days sat2 & fur!r on 7,dan4 #g3aj71 ! judgm5t sat1 & ! books 7 op5$4 ,b ! ,anci5t ( days is und]/ood to be ! ,fa!r1 because z ,hil>y says 7,de ,tr94 ii73 ,et]nity is 9 ! ,fa!r4 ,consequ5tly1 judici>y p[] ought r to be attribut$ to ! ,fa!r ?an to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x seems to belong to ! same p]son to judge z x does to conv9ce4 ,b x belongs to ! ,holy ,gho/ to conv9ce3 = our ,"l says 7,john #af3h73 ,& :5 ,he is come1 i4e4 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,he w conv9ce ! _w ( s91 & ( ju/ice1 & ( judgm5t4 ,!re=e judici>y p[] ought to be attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/ r ?an to ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said ( ,*ri/ 7,acts #aj3db73 ,x is ,he :o 0 appo9t$ by ,god1 to be judge ( ! liv+ end ( ! dead4 ,i answ] t1 ,?ree ?+s are requir$ = pass+ judgm5t3 fir/1 ! p[] ( co]c+ subjects2 h5ce x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #g3f73 ,seek n to be made a judge unless ?\ h /r5g? en\gh to extirpate iniquities4 ,! second ?+ requir$ is upright zeal1 s z to pass judgm5t n out ( hatr$ or malice1 b f love ( ju/ice1 accord+ to ,prov4 #c3ab3 ,= :om ! ,"l love?1 ,he *a/5e?3 & z a fa!r 9 ! son ,he please? ,himself4 ,?irdly1 wisdom is ne$$1 ^u :i* judgm5t is bas$1 accord+ to ,ecclus4 #aj3a3 ,a wise judge %all judge 8 p4 ,! fir/ two are conditions = judg+2 b on ! ?ird ! v rule ( judgm5t is bas$1 because ! /&>d ( judgm5t is ! law ( wisdom or tru?1 accord+ to :i* ! judgm5t is pass$4 ,n[ because ! ,son is ,wisdom begott51 & ,tru? proce$+ f ! ,fa!r1 & ,8 p]fect ,image1 consequ5tly1 judici>y p[] is prop]ly attribut$ to ! ,son ( ,god4 ,accord+ly ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]a ,relig4 xxxi73 ,?is is t un*angeable ,tru?1 :i* is rightly /yl$ ! law ( all arts1 & ! art ( ! ,almighty ,craftsman4 ,b ev5 z we & all rational s\ls judge aright ( ! ?+s b5ea? u1 s does ,he :o alone is ,tru? itself pass judgm5t on u1 :5 we cl+ to ,him4 ,b ! ,fa!r judges ,him n1 = ,he is ! ,tru? no less ?an ,himself4 ,consequ5tly1 :atev] ! ,fa!r judges1 ,he judges ?r\gh ,x4 ,fur!r on he concludes by say+3 ,!re=e ! ,fa!r judges no man1 b has giv5 all judgm5t to ! ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t proves t judici>y p[] is common to ! entire ,tr9ity1 :i* is q true3 /ill by special appropriation su* p[] is attribut$ to ! ,son1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 vi71 et]nity is attribut$ to ! ,fa!r1 because ,he is ! ,pr9ciple1 :i* is impli$ 9 ! idea ( et]nity4 ,& 9 ! same place ,augu/9e says t ! ,son is ! art ( ! ,fa!r4 ,s1 !n1 judici>y au?ority is attribut$ to ! ,fa!r1 inasmu* z ,he is ! ,pr9ciple ( ! ,son1 b ! v rule ( judgm5t is attribut$ to ! ,son :o is ! art & wisdom ( ! ,fa!r1 s t z ! ,fa!r does all ?+s ?r\gh ! ,son1 inasmu* z ! ,son is ,8 art1 s ,he judges all ?+s ?r\gh ! ,son1 inasmu* z ! ,son is ,8 wisdom & tru?4 ,& ?is is impli$ by ,daniel1 :5 he says 9 ! fir/ passage t ! ,anci5t ( days sat1 & :5 he subsequ5tly adds t ! ,son ( ,man came ev5 to ! ,anci5t ( days1 :o gave ,him p[]1 & glory1 & a k+dom3 & !reby we are giv5 to und]/& t ! au?ority = judg+ lies ) ! ,fa!r1 f :om ! ,son receiv$ ! p[] to judge4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xcv 9 ,joan473 ,*ri/ said t ! ,holy ,gho/ %all conv9ce ! _w ( s91 z if to say ',he %all p\r out *>ity ^u y\r he>ts4' ,= ?us1 :5 fe> is driv5 away1 y %all h fre$om = conv9c+4 ,consequ5tly1 !n1 judgm5t is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/1 n z reg>ds ! rule ( judgm5t1 b z reg>ds man's desire to judge o!rs aright4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ei1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,judici>y ,p[] ,belongs to ,*ri/ ,z ,man8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t judici>y p[] does n belong to ,*ri/ z man4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]a ,relig4 xxxi7 t judgm5t is attribut$ to ! ,son inasmu* z ,he is ! law ( ! fir/ tru?4 ,b ?is is ,*ri/'s attribute z ,god4 ,consequ5tly1 judici>y p[] does n belong to ,*ri/ z man b z ,god4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x belongs to judici>y p[] to rew>d ! good1 j z to puni% ! wick$4 ,b et]nal beatitude1 :i* is ! rew>d ( good works1 is be/[$ by ,god alone3 ?us ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xxiii sup] ,joan47 t ! s\l is made bless$ by p>ticipation ( ,god1 & n by p>ticipation ( a holy s\l4 ,!re=e x seems t judici>y p[] does n belong to ,*ri/ z man1 b z ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x belongs to ,*ri/'s judici>y p[] to judge secrets ( he>ts1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #d3e3 ,judge n be=e ! "t2 until ! ,"l come1 :o bo? w br+ to light ! hidd5 ?+s ( d>kness1 & w make manife/ ! c\nsels ( ! he>ts4 ,b ?is belongs exclusively to ! ,div9e p[]1 accord+ to ,j]4 #ag3i1 #aj3 ,! he>t ( man is p]v]se & unse>*able1 :o c "k x8 ,i am ! ,"l :o se>* ! he>t1 & prove ! re9s3 :o give to e "o accord+ to 8 way4 ,!re=e judici>y p[] does n belong to ,*ri/ z man b z ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said 7,john #e3bg73 ,he ha? giv5 ,him p[] to d judgm5t1 because ,he is ! ,son ( man4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 xxxix 9 ,joan47 seems to ?9k t judici>y p[] belongs to ,*ri/ n z man1 b only z ,god4 ,accord+ly he ?us expla9s ! passage j quot$ f ,john3 ',he gave ,him p[] to d judgm5t1 because ,he is ! ,son ( man3 wond] n at ?is4' ,= ,he receiv$ judici>y p[]1 n because ,he is man2 b because ,he is ! ,son ( ! ineffable ,god1 !re=e is ,he judge4 ,b s9ce ! expressions us$ 7 great] ?an ^? app]ta9+ to man1 ,he said 9 explanation3 ',wond] n at ?is1 because ,he is ! ,son ( man1 = ,he is likewise ! ,son ( ,god4' ,& he proves ?is by ! effect ( ! ,resurrection3 :]e=e ,he adds3 ,because ! h\r come? :5 ! dead 9 _! graves %all he> ! voice ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t al?\gh ! prim>y au?ority ( judg+ re/s ) ,god1 nev]!less ! p[] to judge is committ$ to m5 ) reg>d to ^? subject to _! jurisdiction4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,deut4 #a3af73 ,judge t :i* is j2 & fur!r on 7,deut4 #a3ag73 ,because x is ! judgm5t ( ,god1 t is to say1 x is by ,8 au?ority t y judge4 ,n[ x 0 said be=e 7,q4 #h1 ,,aa4 #a1 #d7 t ,*ri/ ev5 9 ,8 human nature is ,head ( ! entire ,*ur*1 & t ,god has put all ?+s "u ,8 feet4 ,consequ5tly1 x belongs to ,him1 ev5 accord+ to ,8 human nature1 to ex]cise judici>y p[]4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 x seems t ! au?ority ( ,scripture quot$ above mu/ be int]pret$ ?us3 ,he gave ,him p[] to d judgm5t1 because ,he is ! ,son ( ,man2 n on acc\nt ( ! condition ( ,8 nature1 = ?us all m5 w\ld h ?is k9d ( p[]1 z ,*ryso/om objects 7,hom4 xxxix 9 ,joan472 b because ?is belongs to ! grace ( ! ,head1 :i* ,*ri/ receiv$ 9 ,8 human nature4 ,n[ judici>y p[] belongs to ,*ri/ 9 ?is way accord+ to ,8 human nature on ?ree acc\nts4 ,fir/1 because ( ,8 lik5ess & k9%ip ) m52 =1 z ,god works ?r\gh int]m$i>y causes1 z be+ clos] to ! effects1 s ,he judges m5 ?r\gh ! ,man ,*ri/1 t ,8 judgm5t may be sweet] to m54 ,h5ce 7,heb4 #d3ae7 ! ,apo/le says3 ,= we h n a high-prie/1 :o _c h compassion on our infirmities2 b "o tempt$ 9 all ?+s l z we are1 )\t s94 ,let u g !re=e ) confid5ce to ! ?rone ( ,8 grace4 ,secondly1 because at ! la/ judgm5t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xix 9 ,joan471 !re w be a resurrection ( dead bodies1 :i* ,god w raise up ?r\gh ! ,son ( ,man2 j z by ! same ,*ri/ ,he raises s\ls1 inasmu* z ,he is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,?irdly1 because1 z ,augu/9e obs]ves 7,de ,v]b4 ,dom41 ,s]m4 cxxvii73 ,x 0 b "r t ^? :o 7 to be judg$ %\ld see _! judge4 ,b ^? to be judg$ 7 ! good & ! bad4 ,x foll[s t ! =m ( a s]vant %\ld be %[n 9 ! judgm5t to bo? good & wick$1 :ile ! =m ( ,god %\ld be kept = ! good alone4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,judgm5t belongs to tru? z its /&>d1 :ile x belongs to ! man imbu$ ) tru?1 accord+ z he is z x 7 "o ) tru?1 z a k9d ( law & liv+ ju/ice 99,ari/otle1 ,e?ic4 v4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e quotes 7,de ,v]b4 ,dom41 ,s]m4 cxxvii7 ! say+ ( #a ,cor4 #b3ae3 ,! spiritual man judge? all ?+s4 ,b beyond all creatures ,*ri/'s s\l 0 m closely unit$ ) tru?1 & m full ( tru?2 accord+ to ,john #a3ad3 ,we saw ,him 4 4 4 full ( grace & tru?4 ,& accord+ to ?is x belongs pr9cipally to ! s\l ( ,*ri/ to judge all ?+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x belongs to ,god alone to be/[ beatitude ^u s\ls by a p>ticipation ) ,himself2 b x is ,*ri/'s pr]ogative to br+ !m to su* beatitude1 inasmu* z ,he is _! ,head & ! au?or ( _! salvation1 accord+ to ,heb4 #b3aj3 ,:o _h br\ght _m *ildr5 into glory1 to p]fect ! au?or ( _! salvation by ,8 ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,to "k & judge ! secrets ( he>ts1 ( itself belongs to ,god alone2 b f ! ov]fl[ ( ! ,godhead into ,*ri/'s s\l x belongs to ,him also to "k & to judge ! secrets ( he>ts1 z we /at$ above 7,q4 #aj1 ,a4 #b71 :5 deal+ ) ! k ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,rom4 #b3af73 ,9 ! day :5 ,god %all judge ! secrets ( m5 by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ei1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,acquir$ ,8 ,judici>y ,p[] by ,8 ,m]its8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/ did n acquire ,8 judici>y p[] by ,8 m]its4 ,= judici>y p[] fl[s f ! royal dignity3 accord+ to ,prov4 #bj3h3 ,! k+ t sitte? on ! ?rone ( judgm5t1 scatt]e? away all evil ) 8 look4 ,b x 0 )\t m]its t ,*ri/ acquir$ royal p[]1 = x is ,8 due z ,god's ,only-begott5 ,son3 ?us x is writt5 7,luke #a3cb73 ,! ,"l ,god %all give unto ,him ! ?rone ( ,david ,8 fa!r1 & ,he %all reign 9 ! h\se ( ,jacob = ev]4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ did n obta9 judici>y p[] by ,8 m]its4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 judici>y p[] is ,*ri/'s due inasmu* z ,he is our ,head4 ,b ! grace ( head%ip does n belong to ,*ri/ by reason ( m]it1 b foll[s ! p]sonal union ( ! ,div9e & human natures3 accord+ to ,john #a3ad1 #af3 ,we saw ,8 glory 4 4 4 z ( ! ,only-,begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 full ( grace & tru? 4 4 4 & ( ,8 fulness we all h receiv$3 & ?is p]ta9s to ! notion ( head%ip4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ,*ri/ did n h judici>y p[] f m]its4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #b3ae73 ,! spiritual man judge? all ?+s4 ,b a man becomes spiritual ?r\gh grace1 :i* is n f m]its2 o!rwise x is no m grace1 z is said 9 ,rom4 #aa3f4 ,!re=e x seems t judici>y p[] belongs nei!r to ,*ri/ nor to o!rs f any m]its1 b f grace alone4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,job #cf3ag73 ,?y cause ha? be5 judg$ z t ( ! wick$1 cause & judgm5t ?\ %alt recov]4 ,& ,augu/9e says 7,s]m4 cxxvii73 ,! ,judge %all sit1 :o /ood be=e a judge2 ,he %all condemn ! truly wick$1 :o ,himself 0 falsely reput$ wick$4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re is no?+ to h9d] "o & ! same ?+ f be+ due to "s "o f v>i\s causes3 z ! glory ( ! body 9 ris+ 0 due to ,*ri/ n only z befitt+ ,8 ,godhead & ,8 s\l's glory1 b likewise f ! m]it ( ! l[l9ess ( ,8 ,passion 99,cf4 ,augu/9e1 ,tract4 civ 9 ,joan44 ,& 9 ! same way x mu/ be said t judici>y p[] belongs to ! ,man ,*ri/ on acc\nt ( bo? ,8 ,div9e p]sonality1 & ! dignity ( ,8 head%ip1 & ! fulness ( ,8 habitual grace3 & yet ,he obta9$ x f m]it1 s t1 9 accordance ) ! ,div9e ju/ice1 ,he %\ld be judge :o f\ght = ,god's ju/ice1 & conqu]$1 & 0 unju/ly condemn$4 ,h5ce ,he ,himself says 7,apoc4 #c3ba73 ,i h ov]come & am set d[n 9 ,my ,fa!r's ?rone ,vulg43 ') ,my ,fa!r 9 ,8 ?rone'4 ,n[ judici>y p[] is und]/ood by ?rone1 accord+ to ,ps4 #i3e3 ,?\ ha/ sat on ! ?rone1 :o judge/ ju/ice4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t holds good ( judici>y p[] accord+ z x is due to ,*ri/ by reason ( ! union ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t is bas$ on ! gr\nd ( ,8 grace z ,head4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is argum5t holds good 9 reg>d to habitual grace1 :i* p]fects ,*ri/'s s\l4 ,b al?\gh judici>y p[] be ,*ri/'s due 9 ^! ways1 x is n h9d]$ f be+ ,8 due f m]it4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ei1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,judici>y ,p[] ,belongs to ,*ri/ ) ,respect to ,all ,human ,affairs8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t judici>y p[] conc]n+ all human affairs does n belong to ,*ri/4 ,= z we read 9 ,luke #ab3ac1 #ad1 :5 "o ( ! cr[d said to ,*ri/3 ,speak to my bro!r t he divide ! inh]itance ) me2 ,he said to him3 ,man1 :o ha? appo9t$ ,me judge1 or divid] ov] y8 ,consequ5tly1 ,he does n ex]cise judgm5t ov] all human affairs4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no "o ex]cises judgm5t except ov] 8 own subjects4 ,b1 accord+ to ,heb4 #b3h1 we see n z yet all ?+s subject to ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ has n judgm5t ov] all human affairs4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xx7 t x is "p ( ,div9e judgm5t = ! good to be afflict$ sometimes 9 ?is _w1 & sometimes to prosp]1 & 9 l mann] ! wick$4 ,b ! same 0 ! case also be=e ! ,inc>nation4 ,consequ5tly1 n all ,god's judgm5ts reg>d+ human affairs are includ$ 9 ,*ri/'s judici>y p[]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said 7,john #e3bb73 ,! ,fa!r ha? giv5 all judgm5t to ! ,son4 ,i answ] t1 ,if we speak ( ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 x is evid5t t e judgm5t ( ! ,fa!r belongs to ! ,son2 =1 z ! ,fa!r does all ?+s ?r\gh ,8 ,^w1 s ,he judges all ?+s ?r\gh ,8 ,^w4 ,b if we speak ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 human nature1 ?us aga9 is x evid5t t all ?+s are subject to ,8 judgm5t4 ,?is is made cle> if we consid] fir/ ( all ! relation%ip subsi/+ betwe5 ,*ri/'s s\l & ! ,^w ( ,god2 =1 if ! spiritual man judge? all ?+s1 z is said 9 #a ,cor4 #b3ae1 inasmu* z 8 s\l cl+s to ! ,^w ( ,god1 h[ mu* m ,*ri/'s s\l1 :i* is fill$ ) ! tru? ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 passes judgm5t ^u all ?+s4 ,secondly1 ! same appe>s f ! m]it ( ,8 dea?2 because1 accord+ to ,rom4 #ad3i3 ,to ?is end ,*ri/ di$ & rose aga92 t ,he might be ,"l bo? ( ! dead & ( ! liv+4 ,& !re=e ,he has judgm5t ov] all m52 & on ?is acc\nt ! ,apo/le adds 7,rom4 #ad3aj73 ,we %all all /& be=e ! judgm5t seat ( ,*ri/3 & 7,dan4 #g3ad7 x is writt5 t ,he gave ,him p[]1 & glory1 & a k+dom2 & all peoples1 tribes1 & tongues %all s]ve ,him4 ,?irdly1 ! same ?+ is evid5t f comp>ison ( human affairs ) ! end ( human salvation4 ,=1 to :omsoev] ! sub/ance is entru/$1 ! accessory is likewise committ$4 ,n[ all human affairs are ord]$ = ! end ( beatitude1 :i* is ev]la/+ salvation1 to :i* m5 are admitt$1 or f :i* !y are exclud$ by ,*ri/'s judgm5t1 z is evid5t f ,matt4 #be3ca1 #dj4 ,consequ5tly1 x is manife/ t all human affairs are includ$ 9 ,*ri/'s judici>y p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z 0 said above 7,a4 #c1 ,obj4 #a71 judici>y p[] goes ) royal dignity4 ,n[ ,*ri/1 al?\gh e/abli%$ k+ by ,god1 did n wi% :ile liv+ on e>? to gov]n tempor>ily an e>?ly k+dom2 consequ5tly ,he said 7,john #ah3cf73 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,9 l fa%ion ,he did n wi% to ex]cise judici>y p[] ov] temporal conc]ns1 s9ce ,he came to raise m5 to ,div9e ?+s4 ,h5ce ,ambrose obs]ves on ?is passage 9 ,luke3 ,x is well t ,he :o came d[n ) a ,div9e purpose %\ld hold ,himself alo( f temporal conc]ns2 nor does ,he deign to be a judge ( qu>rels & an arbit] ( prop]ty1 s9ce ,he is judge ( ! quick & ! dead1 & ! arbitrator ( m]its4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,all ?+s are subject to ,*ri/ 9 respect ( t p[]1 :i* ,he receiv$ f ! ,fa!r1 ov] all ?+s1 accord+ to ,matt4 #bh3ah3 ,all p[] is giv5 to ,me 9 heav5 & 9 e>?4 ,b z to ! ex]cise ( ?is p[]1 all ?+s are n yet subject to ,him3 ?is w come to pass 9 ! future1 :5 ,he %all fulfil ,8 w reg>d+ all ?+s1 by sav+ "s & puni%+ o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,judgm5ts ( ?is k9d 7 ex]cis$ by ,*ri/ be=e ,8 ,inc>nation1 inasmu* z ,he is ! ,^w ( ,god3 & ! s\l unit$ ) ,him p]sonally became a p>tak] ( ?is p[] by ! ,inc>nation4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ei1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,aft] ! ,judgm5t ,t ,takes ,place 9 ! ,pres5t ,"t1 ,!re ,rema9s ,yet ,ano!r ,g5]al ,judgm5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t aft] ! ,judgm5t t takes place 9 ! pres5t "t1 !re does n rema9 ano!r ,g5]al ,judgm5t4 ,= a judgm5t s]ves no purpose aft] ! f9al allotm5t ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,b rew>ds & puni%m5ts are allott$ 9 ?is pres5t "t3 = our ,"l said to ! ?ief on ! cross 7,luke #bc3dc73 ,?is day ?\ %alt be ) ,me 9 p>adise3 & 7,luke #af3bb7 x is said t ! ri* man di$ & 0 buri$ 9 hell4 ,!re=e x is useless to look =w>d to a f9al ,judgm5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ano!r 7! ,septuag9t7 v]sion ( ,nahum #a3i1 ,god %all n judge ! same ?+ a second "t4 ,b 9 ! pres5t "t ,god judges bo? temporal & spiritual matt]s4 ,!re=e1 x does n seem t ano!r f9al judgm5t is to be expect$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 rew>d & puni%m5t correspond ) m]it & dem]it4 ,b m]it & dem]it be> relation to ! body only 9 s f> z x is ! in/rum5t ( ! s\l4 ,!re=e rew>d or puni%m5t is n due to ! body save z ! s\l's in/rum5t4 ,!re=e no o!r ,judgm5t is call$ = at ! end 7( ! _w7 to requite man ) rew>d or puni%m5t 9 ! body1 besides t ,judgm5t 9 :i* s\ls are n[ puni%$ or rew>d$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said 9 ,john #ab3dh3 ,! ^w t ,i h spok51 ! same %all judge y ,vulg43 'him' 9 ! la/ day4 ,!re=e !re w be a ,judgm5t at ! la/ day besides t :i* takes place 9 ! pres5t "t4 ,i answ] t1 ,judgm5t _c be pass$ p]fectly ^u any *angeable subject be=e its consummation3 j z judgm5t _c be giv5 p]fectly reg>d+ ! quality ( any action be=e its completion 9 itself & 9 its results3 because _m actions appe> to be pr(itable1 :i* 9 _! effects prove to be hurtful4 ,& 9 ! same way p]fect judgm5t _c be pass$ ^u any man be=e ! close ( 8 life1 s9ce he c be *ang$ 9 _m respects f good to evil1 or conv]sely1 or f good to bett]1 or f evil to worse4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #i3bg73 ,x is appo9t$ unto m5 once to die1 & aft] ?is ! ,judgm5t4 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t al?\gh man's temporal life 9 itself ends ) dea?1 /ill x cont9ues dep5d5t 9 a measure on :at comes aft] x 9 ! future4 ,9 "o way1 z x /ill lives on 9 m5's memories1 9 :i* sometimes1 contr>y to ! tru?1 good or evil reputations l+] on4 ,9 ano!r way 9 a man's *ildr51 :o are s to speak some?+ ( _! p>5t1 accord+ to ,ecclus4 #cj3d3 ,8 fa!r is dead1 & he is z if he 7 n dead1 = he ha? left "o beh9d him t is l himself4 ,& yet _m good m5 h wick$ sons1 & conv]sely4 ,?irdly1 z to ! result ( 8 actions3 j z f ! deceit ( ,arius & o!r false lead]s unbelief cont9ues to fl\ri% d[n to ! close ( ! _w2 & ev5 until !n fai? w cont9ue to d]ive its progress f ! prea*+ ( ! apo/les4 ,9 a f\r? way1 z to ! body1 :i* is sometimes buri$ ) honor & sometimes left unburi$1 & f9ally falls to du/ utt]ly4 ,9 a fif? way1 z to ! ?+s ^u :i* a man's he>t is set1 su* z temporal conc]ns1 = example1 "s ( :i* quickly lapse1 :ile o!rs endure long]4 ,n[ all ^! ?+s are submitt$ to ! v]dict ( ! ,div9e ,judgm5t2 & consequ5tly1 a p]fect & public ,judgm5t _c be made ( all ^! ?+s dur+ ! c\rse ( ?is pres5t "t4 ,:]e=e1 !re mu/ be a f9al ,judgm5t at ! la/ day1 9 :i* ev]y?+ conc]n+ e man 9 e respect %all be p]fectly & publicly judg$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,"s m5 h held ! op9ion t ! s\ls ( ! sa9ts %all n be rew>d$ 9 heav51 nor ! s\ls ( ! lo/ puni%$ 9 hell1 until ! ,judgm5t-day4 ,t ?is is false appe>s f ! te/imony ( ! ,apo/le 7#b ,cor4 #e3h71 :]e he says3 ,we are confid5t & h a good w to be abs5t r f ! body1 & to be pres5t ) ! ,"l3 t is1 n to walk by fai? b by sight1 z appe>s f ! context4 ,b ?is is to see ,god 9 ,8 ,ess5ce1 :]e9 consi/s et]nal life1 z is cle> f ,john #ag3c4 ,h5ce x is manife/ t ! s\ls sep>at$ f bodies are 9 et]nal life4 ,consequ5tly1 x mu/ be ma9ta9$ t aft] dea? man ent]s into an un*angeable /ate z to all t conc]ns ! s\l3 & !re=e !re is no ne$ = po/pon+ judgm5t z to ! rew>d ( ! s\l4 ,b s9ce !re are "s o!r ?+s p]ta9+ to a man :i* g on ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( "t1 & :i* are n =eign to ! ,div9e judgm5t1 all ^! ?+s mu/ be br\ght to judgm5t at ! end ( "t4 ,= al?\gh 9 reg>d to su* ?+s a man nei!r m]its nor dem]its1 /ill 9 a measure !y accompany 8 rew>d or puni%m5t4 ,consequ5tly all ^! ?+s mu/ be weigh$ 9 ! f9al judgm5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,god %all n judge twice ! same ?+1 i4e4 9 ! same respect2 b x is n unseemly = ,god to judge twice accord+ to diff]5t respects4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! rew>d or puni%m5t ( ! body dep5ds ^u ! rew>d or puni%m5t ( ! s\l1 nev]!less1 s9ce ! s\l is *angeable only accid5tally1 on acc\nt ( ! body1 once x is sep>at$ f ! body x ent]s into an un*angeable condition1 & receives its judgm5t4 ,b ! body rema9s subject to *ange d[n to ! close ( "t3 & !re=e x mu/ receive its rew>d or puni%m5t !n1 9 ! la/ ,judgm5t4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ei1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,judici>y ,p[] ,ext5ds to ! ,angels8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,*ri/'s judici>y p[] does n ext5d to ! angels1 because ! good & wick$ angels alike 7 judg$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 :5 "s fell ?r\gh s9 :ile o!rs 7 confirm$ 9 bliss4 ,b ^? already judg$ h no ne$ ( be+ judg$ aga94 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s judici>y p[] does n ext5d to ! angels4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! same p]son _c be bo? judge & judg$4 ,b ! angels w come to judge ) ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,matt4 #be3ca3 ,:5 ! ,son ( ,man %all come 9 ,8 maje/y1 & all ! angels ) ,him4 ,!re=e x seems t ! angels w n be judg$ by ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! angels are high] ?an o!r creatures4 ,if ,*ri/1 !n1 be judge n only ( m5 b likewise ( angels1 !n = ! same reason ,he w be judge ( all creatures2 :i* seems to be false1 s9ce ?is belongs to ,god's provid5ce3 h5ce x is writt5 7,job #cd3ac73 ,:at o!r ha? ,he appo9t$ ov] ! e>?8 or :om ha? ,he set ov] ! _w :i* ,he made8 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n ! judge ( ! angels4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #f3c73 ,"k y n t we %all judge angels8 ,b ! sa9ts judge only by ,*ri/'s au?ority4 ,!re=e1 mu* m does ,*ri/ possess judici>y p[] ov] ! angels4 ,i answ] t1 ,! angels are subjects ( ,*ri/'s judici>y p[]1 n only ) reg>d to ,8 ,div9e ,nature1 z ,he is ! ,^w ( ,god1 b also ) reg>d to ,8 human nature4 ,& ?is is evid5t f ?ree consid]ations4 ,fir/ ( all1 f ! clos5ess ( ,8 assum$ nature to ,god2 because1 accord+ to ,heb4 #b3af3 ,= n[h]e do? ,he take hold ( ! angels1 b ( ! se$ ( ,abraham ,he take? hold4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s s\l is m fill$ ) ! tru? ( ! ,^w ( ,god ?an any angel3 = :i* reason ,he also enlight5s ! angels1 z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 vii71 & s ,he has p[] to judge !m4 ,secondly1 because by ! l[l9ess ( ,8 ,passion1 human nature 9 ,*ri/ m]it$ to be exalt$ above ! angels2 s t1 z is said 9 ,phil4 #b3aj3 ,9 ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b[1 ( ^? t are 9 heav51 on e>?1 & "u ! e>?4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/ has judici>y p[] ev5 ov] ! good & wick$ angels3 9 tok5 :]e( x is said 9 ! ,apocalypse 7#g3aa7 t all ! angels /ood r\nd ab\t ! ?rone4 ,?irdly1 on acc\nt ( :at !y d = m51 ( :om ,*ri/ is ! ,head 9 a special mann]4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,heb4 #a3ad73 ,!y are ,vulg43 ',are !y n' all m9i/]+ spirits1 s5t to m9i/] = !m1 :o %all receive ! inh]itance ( salvation 7874 ,b !y are submitt$ to ,*ri/'s judgm5t1 fir/1 z reg>ds ! disp5s+ ( ^? ?+s :i* are done ?r\gh !m2 :i* disp5s+ is likewise done by ! ,man ,*ri/1 to :om ! angels m9i/]$1 z relat$ 7,matt4 #d3aa71 & f :om ! devils bes\ght t !y might be s5t into ! sw9e1 accord+ to ,matt4 #h3ca4 ,secondly1 z to o!r accid5tal rew>ds ( ! good angels1 su* z ! joy :i* !y h at ! salvation ( m51 accord+ to ,luke #ae3aj3 ,!re %all be joy be=e ! angels ( ,god ^u "o s9n] do+ p5ance3 & fur!rmore z to ! accid5tal puni%m5ts ( ! devils :]e) !y are ei!r torm5t$ "h1 or are %ut up 9 hell2 & ?is also belongs to ! ,man ,*ri/3 h5ce x is writt5 7,mk4 #a3bd7 t ! devil cri$ out3 ,:at h we to d ) !e1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 art ,?\ come to de/roy u8 ,?irdly1 z to ! ess5tial rew>d ( ! good angels1 :i* is ev]la/+ bliss2 & z to ! ess5tial puni%m5t ( ! wick$ angels1 :i* is ev]la/+ damnation4 ,b ?is 0 done by ,*ri/ f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 inasmu* z ,he is ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t consid]s judgm5t z to ! ess5tial rew>d & *ief puni%m5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]a ,relig4 xxxi73 ,al?\gh ! spiritual man judge? all ?+s1 /ill he is judg$ by ,tru? ,itself4 ,consequ5tly1 al?\gh ! angels judge1 z be+ spiritual creatures1 /ill !y are judg$ by ,*ri/1 inasmu* z ,he is ! ,tru?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ judges n only ! angels1 b also ! adm9i/ration ( all creatures4 ,= if1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iii7 ! l[] ?+s are rul$ by ,god ?r\gh ! high]1 9 a c]ta9 ord]1 x mu/ be said t all ?+s are rul$ by ,*ri/'s s\l1 :i* is above e creature4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #b3e73 ,= ,god ha? n subject$ unto angels ! _w to come--subject namely to ,*ri/--( :om we speak ,d\ay3 ':]e( we speak' 99,! words subject namely to ,*ri/ are f a gloss4 ,nor does x foll[ t ,god set ano!r ov] ! e>?2 s9ce "o & ! same ,p]son is ,god & ,man1 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,let :at has be5 said ( ! ,my/]y ( ,8 ,inc>nation suffice = ! pres5t4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,sacram5ts 7,,qq4 #fj-ij7 ,,"q #fj ,,:at ,,is ,a ,,sacram5t8 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,aft] consid]+ ^? ?+s t conc]n ! my/]y ( ! inc>nate ,^w1 we mu/ consid] ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* :i* d]ive _! efficacy f ! ,^w inc>nate ,himself4 ,fir/ we %all consid] ! sacram5ts 9 g5]al2 secondly1 we %all consid] specially ea* sacram5t4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ our consid]ation w be fivefold3 7#a7 ,:at is a sacram5t8 7#b7 ,( ! necessity ( ! sacram5ts2 7#c7 ( ! effects ( ! sacram5ts2 7#d7 ,( _! cause2 7#e7 ,( _! numb]4 ,"u ! fir/ head+ !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r a sacram5t is a k9d ( sign8 7#b7 ,:e!r e sign ( a sacr$ ?+ is a sacram5t8 7#c7 ,:e!r a sacram5t is a sign ( "o ?+ only1 or ( sev]al8 7#d7 ,:e!r a sacram5t is a sign t is some?+ s5sible8 7#e7 ,:e!r "s det]m9ate s5sible ?+ is requir$ = a sacram5t8 7#f7 ,:e!r signification express$ by words is necess>y = a sacram5t8 7#g7 ,:e!r det]m9ate words are requir$8 7#h7 ,:e!r any?+ may be add$ to or subtract$ f ^! words8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fj1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r a ,sacram5t ,is a ,k9d ( ,sign8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a sacram5t is n a k9d ( sign4 ,= sacram5t appe>s to be d]iv$ f sacr+ 7sacr&o72 j z m$icam5t1 f m$ic&o 7heal+74 ,b ?is seems to be ( ! nature ( a cause r ?an ( a sign4 ,!re=e a sacram5t is a k9d ( cause r ?an a k9d ( sign4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 sacram5t seems to signify some?+ hidd51 accord+ to ,tob4 #ab3g3 ,x is good to hide ! secret 7sacram5tum7 ( a k+2 & ,eph4 #c3i3 ,:at is ! disp5sation ( ! my/]y 7sacram5ti7 :i* ha? be5 hidd5 f et]nity 9 ,god4 ,b t :i* is hidd51 seems =eign to ! nature ( a sign2 = a sign is t :i* conveys some?+ else to ! m9d1 besides ! species :i* x impresses on ! s5ses1 z ,augu/9e expla9s 7,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 ii74 ,!re=e x seems t a sacram5t is n a k9d ( sign4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 an oa? is sometimes call$ a sacram5t3 = x is writt5 9 ! ,decretals 7,caus4 xxii1 qu4 #e73 ,*ildr5 :o h n atta9$ ! use ( reason mu/ n be oblig$ to swe>3 & :oev] has =esworn himself once1 mu/ no m be a witness1 nor be all[$ to take a sacram5t1 i4e4 an oa?4 ,b an oa? is n a k9d ( sign1 !re=e x seems t a sacram5t is n a k9d ( sign4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei x73 ,! visible sacrifice is ! sacram5t1 i4e4 ! sacr$ sign1 ( ! invisible sacrifice4 ,i answ] t1 ,all ?+s t are orda9$ to "o1 ev5 9 diff]5t ways1 c be d5om9at$ f x3 ?us1 f heal? :i* is 9 an animal1 n only is ! animal said to be heal?y ?r\gh be+ ! subject ( heal?3 b m$ic9e also is said to be heal?y ?r\gh produc+ heal?2 diet ?r\gh pres]v+ x2 & ur9e1 ?r\gh be+ a sign ( heal?4 ,consequ5tly1 a ?+ may be call$ a sacram5t1 ei!r f hav+ a c]ta9 hidd5 sanctity1 & 9 ?is s5se a sacram5t is a sacr$ secret2 or f hav+ "s relation%ip to ?is sanctity1 :i* relation%ip may be t ( a cause1 or ( a sign or ( any o!r relation4 ,b n[ we are speak+ ( sacram5ts 9 a special s5se1 z imply+ ! habitude ( sign3 & 9 ?is way a sacram5t is a k9d ( sign4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,because m$ic9e is an effici5t cause ( heal?1 consequ5tly :atev] ?+s are d5om9at$ f m$ic9e are to be ref]r$ to "s fir/ active cause3 s t a m$icam5t implies a c]ta9 causality4 ,b sanctity f :i* a sacram5t is d5om9at$1 is n !re tak5 z an effici5t cause1 b r z a =mal or a f9al cause4 ,!re=e x does n foll[ t a sacram5t ne$ always imply causality4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t consid]s sacram5t 9 ! s5se ( a sacr$ secret4 ,n[ n only ,god's b also ! k+'s1 secret1 is said to be sacr$ & to be a sacram5t3 because accord+ to ! anci5ts1 :atev] x 0 unlawful to lay viol5t h&s on 0 said to be holy or sacrosanct1 su* z ! city walls1 & p]sons ( high rank4 ,consequ5tly ^? secrets1 :e!r ,div9e or human1 :i* x is unlawful to violate by mak+ !m kn[n to anybody :atev]1 are call$ sacr$ secrets or sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,ev5 an oa? has a c]ta9 relation to sacr$ ?+s1 9 s f> z x consi/s 9 call+ a sacr$ ?+ to witness4 ,& 9 ?is s5se x is call$ a sacram5t3 n 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we speak ( sacram5ts n[2 ! ^w sacram5t be+ ?us us$ n equivocally b analogically1 i4e4 by reason ( a diff]5t relation to ! "o ?+1 viz4 some?+ sacr$4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fj1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,e ,sign ( a ,holy ,?+ ,is a ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t n e sign ( a sacr$ ?+ is a sacram5t4 ,= all s5sible creatures are signs ( sacr$ ?+s2 accord+ to ,rom4 #a3bj3 ,! invisible ?+s ( ,god are cle>ly se5 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made4 ,& yet all s5sible ?+s _c be call$ sacram5ts4 ,!re=e n e sign ( a sacr$ ?+ is a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :atev] 0 done "u ! ,old ,law 0 a figure ( ,*ri/ ,:o is ! ,holy ( ,holies 7,dan4 #i3bd71 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aj3aa3 ,all 7^!7 ?+s happ5$ to !m 9 figure2 & ,col4 #b3ag3 ,:i* are a %ad[ ( ?+s to come1 b ! body is ,*ri/'s4 ,& yet n all t 0 done by ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 n ev5 all ! c]emonies ( ! ,law1 7 sacram5ts1 b only 9 c]ta9 special cases1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aja1 ,a4 #d74 ,!re=e x seems t n e sign ( a sacr$ ?+ is a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ev5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t _m ?+s are done 9 sign ( "s sacr$ ?+2 yet !y are n call$ sacram5ts2 su* z spr9kl+ ) holy wat]1 ! consecration ( an alt>1 & su* l4 ,!re=e n e sign ( a sacr$ ?+ is a sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,a def9ition is conv]tible ) ! ?+ def9$4 ,n[ "s def9e a sacram5t z be+ ! sign ( a sacr$ ?+2 moreov]1 ?is is cle> f ! passage quot$ above 7,a4 #a7 f ,augu/9e4 ,!re=e x seems t e sign ( a sacr$ ?+ is a sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,signs are giv5 to m51 to :om x is prop] to discov] ! unkn[n by means ( ! kn[n4 ,consequ5tly a sacram5t prop]ly s call$ is t :i* is ! sign ( "s sacr$ ?+ p]ta9+ to man2 s t prop]ly speak+ a sacram5t1 z consid]$ by u n[1 is def9$ z be+ ! sign ( a holy ?+ s f> z x makes m5 holy4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s5sible creatures signify some?+ holy1 viz4 ,div9e wisdom & goodness inasmu* z ^! are holy 9 !mselves2 b n inasmu* z we are made holy by !m4 ,!re=e !y _c be call$ sacram5ts z we und]/& sacram5ts n[4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,"s ?+s p]ta9+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t signifi$ ! hol9ess ( ,*ri/ consid]$ z holy 9 ,himself4 ,o!rs signifi$ ,8 hol9ess consid]$ z ! cause ( our hol9ess2 ?us ! sacrifice ( ! ,pas*al ,lamb signifi$ ,*ri/'s ,sacrifice :]eby we are made holy3 & su* l are prop]ly /yl$ sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,names are giv5 to ?+s consid]$ 9 ref]5ce to _! end & /ate ( complet5ess4 ,n[ a disposition is n an end1 :]eas p]fection is4 ,consequ5tly ?+s t signify disposition to hol9ess are n call$ sacram5ts1 & ) reg>d to ^! ! objection is v]ifi$3 only ^? are call$ sacram5ts :i* signify ! p]fection ( hol9ess 9 man4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fj1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r a ,sacram5t ,is a ,sign ( ,"o ,?+ ,only8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a sacram5t is a sign ( "o ?+ only4 ,= t :i* signifies _m ?+s is an ambigu\s sign1 & consequ5tly occasions deception3 ?is is cle>ly se5 9 equivocal words4 ,b all deception %\ld be remov$ f ! ,*ri/ian religion1 accord+ to ,col4 #b3h3 ,bew>e le/ any man *eat y by philosophy & va9 deceit4 ,!re=e x seems t a sacram5t is n a sign ( sev]al ?+s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 a sacram5t signifies a holy ?+ 9 s f> z x makes man holy4 ,b !re is only "o cause ( man's hol9ess1 viz4 ! blood ( ,*ri/2 accord+ to ,heb4 #ac3ab3 ,jesus1 t ,he might sanctify ! p by ,8 own blood1 suff]$ )\t ! gate4 ,!re=e x seems t a sacram5t does n signify sev]al ?+s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x has be5 said above 7,a4 #b1 ad #c7 t a sacram5t signifies prop]ly ! v end ( sanctification4 ,n[ ! end ( sanctification is et]nal life1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3bb3 ,y h y\r fruit unto sanctification1 & ! end life ev]la/+4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5ts signify "o ?+ only1 viz4 et]nal life4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,9 ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,alt>1 two ?+s are signifi$1 viz4 ,*ri/'s true body1 & ,*ri/'s my/ical body2 z ,augu/9e says 7,lib] ,s5t4 ,prosp]474 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b7 a sacram5t prop]ly speak+ is t :i* is orda9$ to signify our sanctification4 ,9 :i* ?ree ?+s may be consid]$2 viz4 ! v cause ( our sanctification1 :i* is ,*ri/'s passion2 ! =m ( our sanctification1 :i* is grace & ! virtues2 & ! ultimate end ( our sanctification1 :i* is et]nal life4 ,& all ^! are signifi$ by ! sacram5ts4 ,consequ5tly a sacram5t is a sign t is bo? a rem9d] ( ! pa/1 i4e4 ! passion ( ,*ri/2 & an indication ( t :i* is effect$ 9 u by ,*ri/'s passion1 i4e4 grace2 & a progno/ic1 t is1 a =etell+ ( future glory4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,!n is a sign ambigu\s & ! occasion ( deception1 :5 x signifies _m ?+s n orda9$ to "o ano!r4 ,b :5 x signifies _m ?+s inasmu* z1 ?r\gh be+ mutually orda9$1 !y =m "o ?+1 !n ! sign is n ambigu\s b c]ta93 ?us ?is ^w man signifies ! s\l & body inasmu* z toge!r !y =m ! human nature4 ,9 ?is way a sacram5t signifies ! ?ree ?+s a=esaid1 inasmu* z by be+ 9 a c]ta9 ord] !y are "o ?+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s9ce a sacram5t signifies t :i* sanctifies1 x mu/ ne$s signify ! effect1 :i* is impli$ 9 ! sanctify+ cause z su*4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is en\gh = a sacram5t t x signify t p]fection :i* consi/s 9 ! =m1 nor is x necess>y t x %\ld signify only t p]fection :i* is ! end4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fj1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r a ,sacram5t ,is ,always ,some?+ ,s5sible8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a sacram5t is n always some?+ s5sible4 ,because1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,prior4 ,anal4 ii71 e effect is a sign ( its cause4 ,b j z !re are "s s5sible effects1 s are !re "s intelligible effects2 ?us sci5ce is ! effect ( a demon/ration4 ,!re=e n e sign is s5sible4 ,n[ all t is requir$ = a sacram5t is some?+ t is a sign ( "s sacr$ ?+1 inasmu* z !reby man is sanctifi$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,!re=e some?+ s5sible is n requir$ = a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 sacram5ts belong to ! k+dom ( ,god & ! ,div9e wor%ip4 ,b s5sible ?+s d n seem to belong to ! ,div9e wor%ip3 = we are told 7,john #d3bd7 t ,god is a _s2 & !y t adore ,him1 mu/ adore ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?2 & 7,rom4 #ad3ag7 t ! k+dom ( ,god is n meat & dr9k4 ,!re=e s5sible ?+s are n requir$ = ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,lib4 ,arb4 ii7 t s5sible ?+s are goods ( lea/ acc\nt1 s9ce )\t !m man c live aright4 ,b ! sacram5ts are necess>y = man's salvation1 z we %all %[ f>!r on 7,q4 #fa1 ,a4 #a73 s t man _c live aright )\t !m4 ,!re=e s5sible ?+s are n requir$ = ! sacram5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx sup] ,joan473 ,! ^w is add$ to ! elem5t & ?is becomes a sacram5t2 & he is speak+ !re ( wat] :i* is a s5sible elem5t4 ,!re=e s5sible ?+s are requir$ = ! sacram5ts4 ,i answ] t1 ,div9e wisdom provides = ea* ?+ accord+ to its mode2 h5ce x is writt5 7,wis4 #h3a7 t %e 4 4 4 ord]e? all ?+s sweetly3 :]e=e also we are told 7,matt4 #be3ae7 t %e gave to ev]yone accord+ to 8 prop] ability4 ,n[ x is "p ( man's nature to acquire k ( ! intelligible f ! s5sible4 ,b a sign is t by means ( :i* "o atta9s to ! k ( some?+ else4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce ! sacr$ ?+s :i* are signifi$ by ! sacram5ts1 are ! spiritual & intelligible goods by means ( :i* man is sanctifi$1 x foll[s t ! sacram5tal signs consi/ 9 s5sible ?+s3 j z 9 ! ,div9e ,scriptures spiritual ?+s are set be=e u "u ! guise ( ?+s s5sible4 ,& h5ce x is t s5sible ?+s are requir$ = ! sacram5ts2 z ,dionysius also proves 9 8 book on ! heav5ly hi]>*y 7,coel4 ,hi]4 i74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! "n & def9ition ( a ?+ is tak5 pr9cipally f t :i* belongs to a ?+ prim>ily & ess5tially3 & n f t :i* belongs to x ?r\gh some?+ else4 ,n[ a s5sible effect be+ ! prim>y & direct object ( man's k 7s9ce all our k spr+s f ! s5ses7 by its v nature leads to ! k ( some?+ else3 :]eas intelligible effects are n su* z to be able to lead u to ! k ( some?+ else1 except 9 s f> z !y are manife/$ by "s o!r ?+1 i4e4 by c]ta9 s5sibles4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! "n sign is giv5 prim>ily & pr9cipally to ?+s :i* are (f]$ to ! s5ses2 h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 ii7 t a sign is t :i* conveys some?+ else to ! m9d1 besides ! species :i* x impresses on ! s5ses4 ,b intelligible effects d n p>take ( ! nature ( a sign except 9 s f> z !y are po9t$ out by c]ta9 signs4 ,& 9 ?is way1 too1 c]ta9 ?+s :i* are n s5sible are t]m$ sacram5ts z x 71 9 s f> z !y are signifi$ by c]ta9 s5sible ?+s1 ( :i* we %all treat fur!r on 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b2 ,a4 #c1 ad #b2 ,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #f2 ,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a1 ad #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s5sible ?+s consid]$ 9 _! own nature d n belong to ! wor%ip or k+dom ( ,god3 b consid]$ only z signs ( spiritual ?+s 9 :i* ! k+dom ( ,god consi/s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,augu/9e speaks !re ( s5sible ?+s1 consid]$ 9 _! nature2 b n z employ$ to signify spiritual ?+s1 :i* are ! highe/ goods4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fj1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,det]m9ate ,?+s ,are ,requir$ = a ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t det]m9ate ?+s are n requir$ = a sacram5t4 ,= s5sible ?+s are requir$ 9 sacram5ts = ! purpose ( signification1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d74 ,b no?+ h9d]s ! same ?+ be+ signifi$ by div]s s5sible ?+s3 ?us 9 ,holy ,scripture ,god is signifi$ metaphorically1 sometimes by a /one 7#b ,k+s #bb3b2 ,ze*4 #c3i2 #a ,cor4 #aj3d2 ,apoc4 #d3c72 sometimes by a lion 7,isa4 #ca3d2 ,apoc4 #e3e72 sometimes by ! sun 7,isa4 #fj3ai1 #bj2 ,mal4 #d3b71 or by some?+ simil>4 ,!re=e x seems t div]s ?+s c be suitable to ! same sacram5t4 ,!re=e det]m9ate ?+s are n requir$ = ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! heal? ( ! s\l is m necess>y ?an t ( ! body4 ,b 9 bodily m$ic9es1 :i* are orda9$ to ! heal? ( ! body1 "o ?+ c be sub/itut$ = ano!r :i* happ5s to be want+4 ,!re=e mu* m 9 ! sacram5ts1 :i* are spiritual rem$ies orda9$ to ! heal? ( ! s\l1 c "o ?+ be sub/itut$ = ano!r :5 ?is happ5s to be lack+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is n fitt+ t ! salvation ( m5 be re/rict$ by ! ,div9e ,law3 /ill less by ! ,law ( ,*ri/1 ,:o came to save all4 ,b 9 ! /ate ( ! ,law ( nature det]m9ate ?+s 7 n requir$ 9 ! sacram5ts1 b 7 put to t use ?r\gh a v[1 z appe>s f ,g54 #bh1 :]e ,jacob v[$ t he w\ld (f] to ,god ti!s & peace-(f]+s4 ,!re=e x seems t man %\ld n h be5 re/rict$1 especially "u ! ,new ,law1 to ! use ( any det]m9ate ?+ 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,john #c3e73 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! use ( ! sacram5ts two ?+s may be consid]$1 namely1 ! wor%ip ( ,god1 & ! sanctification ( man3 ! =m] ( :i* p]ta9s to man z ref]r$ to ,god1 & ! latt] p]ta9s to ,god 9 ref]5ce to man4 ,n[ x is n = anyone to det]m9e t :i* is 9 ! p[] ( ano!r1 b only t :i* is 9 8 own p[]4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! sanctification ( man is 9 ! p[] ( ,god ,:o sanctifies1 x is n = man to decide :at ?+s %\ld be us$ = 8 sanctification1 b ?is %\ld be det]m9$ by ,div9e in/itution4 ,!re=e 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law1 by :i* man is sanctifi$ accord+ to #a ,cor4 #f3aa1 ,y are wa%$1 y are sanctifi$1 we mu/ use ^? ?+s :i* are det]m9$ by ,div9e in/itution4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?\gh ! same ?+ c be signifi$ by div]s signs1 yet to det]m9e :i* sign mu/ be us$ belongs to ! signifi]4 ,n[ x is ,god ,:o signifies spiritual ?+s to u by means ( ! s5sible ?+s 9 ! sacram5ts1 & ( similitudes 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,& consequ5tly1 j z ! ,holy ,gho/ decides by :at similitudes spiritual ?+s are to be signifi$ 9 c]ta9 passages ( ,scripture1 s also mu/ x be det]m9$ by ,div9e in/itution :at ?+s are to be employ$ = ! purpose ( signification 9 ?is or t sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s5sible ?+s are end[$ ) natural p[]s conducive to ! heal? ( ! body3 & !re=e if two ( !m h ! same virtue1 x matt]s n :i* we use4 ,yet !y are orda9$ unto sanctification n ?r\gh any p[] t !y possess naturally1 b only 9 virtue ( ! ,div9e in/itution4 ,& !re=e x 0 necess>y t ,god %\ld det]m9e ! s5sible ?+s to be employ$ 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix71 div]se sacram5ts suit diff]5t times2 j z diff]5t times are signifi$ by diff]5t p>ts ( ! v]b1 viz4 pres5t1 pa/1 & future4 ,consequ5tly1 j z "u ! /ate ( ! ,law ( nature man 0 mov$ by inw>d in/9ct & )\t any outw>d law1 to wor%ip ,god1 s also ! s5sible ?+s to be employ$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god 7 det]m9$ by inw>d in/9ct4 ,b lat] on x became necess>y = a law to be giv5 7to man7 f )\t3 bo? because ! ,law ( nature _h become obscur$ by man's s9s2 & 9 ord] to signify m expressly ! grace ( ,*ri/1 by :i* ! human race is sanctifi$4 ,& h5ce ! ne$ = ^? ?+s to be det]m9ate1 ( :i* m5 h to make use 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,nor is ! way ( salvation n>r[$ !reby3 because ! ?+s :i* ne$ to be us$ 9 ! sacram5ts1 are ei!r 9 ev]yone's possession or c be _h ) little tr\ble4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fj1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,words ,are ,requir$ = ! ,signification ( ! ,sacram5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t words are n requir$ = ! signification ( ! sacram5ts4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix73 ,:at else is a corporeal sacram5t b a k9d ( visible ^w8 ,:]e=e to add words to ! s5sible ?+s 9 ! sacram5ts seems to be ! same z to add words to words4 ,b ?is is sup]flu\s4 ,!re=e words are n requir$ besides ! s5sible ?+s 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a sacram5t is "s "o ?+1 b x does n seem possible to make "o ?+ ( ^? t belong to diff]5t g5]a4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 s5sible ?+s & words are ( diff]5t g5]a1 = s5sible ?+s are ! product ( nature1 b words1 ( reason2 x seems t 9 ! sacram5ts1 words are n requir$ besides s5sible ?+s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law succe$ ^? ( ! ,old ,law3 s9ce ! =m] 7 in/itut$ :5 ! latt] 7 aboli%$1 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix74 ,b no =m ( words 0 requir$ 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law4 ,!re=e nei!r is x requir$ 9 ^? ( ! ,new ,law4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #e3be1 #bf73 ,*ri/ lov$ ! ,*ur*1 & deliv]$ ,himself up = x2 t ,he might sanctify x1 cleans+ x by ! lav] ( wat] 9 ! ^w ( life4 ,& ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xxx 9 ,joan473 ,! ^w is add$ to ! elem5t1 & ?is becomes a sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,! sacram5ts1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #b1 #c71 are employ$ z signs = man's sanctification4 ,consequ5tly !y c be consid]$ 9 ?ree ways3 & 9 ea* way x is fitt+ = words to be add$ to ! s5sible signs4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place !y c be consid]$ 9 reg>d to ! cause ( sanctification1 :i* is ! ,^w inc>nate3 to ,:om ! sacram5ts h a c]ta9 con=mity1 9 t ! ^w is jo9$ to ! s5sible sign1 j z 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation ! ,^w ( ,god is unit$ to s5sible fle%4 ,secondly1 sacram5ts may be consid]$ on ! "p ( man :o is sanctifi$1 & :o is compos$ ( s\l & body3 to :om ! sacram5tal rem$y is adju/$1 s9ce x t\*es ! body ?r\gh ! s5sible elem5t1 & ! s\l ?r\gh fai? 9 ! words4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx 9 ,joan47 on ,john #ae3c1 ,n[ y are clean by reason ( ! ^w1 etc43 ,:5ce ha? wat] ?is s great virtue1 to t\* ! body & wa% ! he>t1 b by ! ^w do+ x1 n because x is spok51 b because x is believ$8 ,?irdly1 a sacram5t may be consid]$ on ! "p ( ! sacram5tal signification4 ,n[ ,augu/9e says 7,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 ii7 t words are ! pr9cipal signs us$ by m52 because words c be =m$ 9 v>i\s ways = ! purpose ( signify+ v>i\s m5tal concepts1 s t we are able to express our ?\ghts ) great] di/9ctness by means ( words4 ,& !re=e 9 ord] to insure ! p]fection ( sacram5tal signification x 0 necess>y to det]m9e ! signification ( ! s5sible ?+s by means ( c]ta9 words4 ,= wat] may signify bo? a cleans+ by reason ( its humidity1 & refre%m5t by reason ( its be+ cool3 b :5 we say1 ,i baptize !e1 x is cle> t we use wat] 9 baptism 9 ord] to signify a spiritual cleans+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! s5sible elem5ts ( ! sacram5ts are call$ words by way ( a c]ta9 lik5ess1 9 s f> z !y p>take ( a c]ta9 significative p[]1 :i* resides pr9cipally 9 ! v words1 z /at$ above4 ,consequ5tly x is n a sup]flu\s repetition to add words to ! visible elem5t 9 ! sacram5ts2 because "o det]m9es ! o!r1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh words & o!r s5sible ?+s are n 9 ! same g5us1 consid]$ 9 _! natures1 yet h !y some?+ 9 common z to ! ?+ signifi$ by !m3 :i* is m p]fectly done 9 words ?an 9 o!r ?+s4 ,:]e=e 9 ! sacram5ts1 words & ?+s1 l =m & matt]1 comb9e 9 ! =mation ( "o ?+1 9 s f> z ! signification ( ?+s is complet$ by means ( words1 z above /at$4 ,& "u words are compris$ also s5sible actions1 su* z cleans+ & ano9t+ & su* l3 because !y h a l signification ) ! ?+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix71 ! sacram5ts ( ?+s pres5t %\ld be diff]5t f sacram5ts ( ?+s to come4 ,n[ ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law =etold ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly !y did n signify ,*ri/ s cle>ly z ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law1 :i* fl[ f ,*ri/ ,himself1 & h a c]ta9 lik5ess to ,him1 z /at$ above4 ,nev]!less 9 ! ,old ,law1 c]ta9 words 7 us$ 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 bo? by ! prie/s1 :o 7 ! m9i/]s ( ^? sacram5ts1 accord+ to ,num4 #f3bc1 #bd3 ,?us %all y bless ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & y %all say to !m3 ,! ,"l bless !e1 etc42 & by ^? :o made use ( ^? sacram5ts1 accord+ to ,deut4 #bf3c3 ,i pr(ess ?is day be=e ! ,"l ?y ,god1 etc4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fj1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,det]m9ate ,words ,are ,requir$ 9 ! ,sacram5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t det]m9ate words are n requir$ 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,= z ! ,philosoph] says 7,p]i ,h]m4 i71 words are n ! same = all4 ,b salvation1 :i* is s\ght ?r\gh ! sacram5ts1 is ! same = all4 ,!re=e det]m9ate words are n requir$ 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 words are requir$ 9 ! sacram5ts =asmu* z !y are ! pr9cipal means ( signification1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #f74 ,b x happ5s t v>i\s words mean ! same4 ,!re=e det]m9ate words are n requir$ 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 corruption ( any?+ *anges its species4 ,b "s corrupt ! pronunciation ( words1 & yet x is n cr$ible t ! sacram5tal effect is h9d]$ !reby2 else unlett]$ m5 & /amm]]s1 9 conf]r+ sacram5ts1 w\ld frequ5tly d s invalidly4 ,!re=e x seems t det]m9ate words are n requir$ 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l us$ det]m9ate words 9 consecrat+ ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :5 ,he said 7,matt4 #bf3bf73 ,?is is ,my ,body4 ,likewise ,he comm&$ ,8 disciples to baptize "u a =m ( det]m9ate words1 say+ 7,matt4 #bh3ai73 ,g ye & tea* all nations1 baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #f1 ad #b71 9 ! sacram5ts ! words are z ! =m1 & s5sible ?+s are z ! matt]4 ,n[ 9 all ?+s compos$ ( matt] & =m1 ! det]m9+ pr9ciple is on ! "p ( ! =m1 :i* is z x 7 ! end & t]m9us ( ! matt]4 ,consequ5tly = ! be+ ( a ?+ ! ne$ ( a det]m9ate =m is prior to ! ne$ ( det]m9ate matt]3 = det]m9ate matt] is ne$$ t x may be adapt$ to ! det]m9ate =m4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 9 ! sacram5ts det]m9ate s5sible ?+s are requir$1 :i* are z ! sacram5tal matt]1 mu* m is !re ne$ 9 !m ( a det]m9ate =m ( words4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx sup] ,joan471 ! ^w op]ates 9 ! sacram5ts n because x is spok51 i4e4 n by ! outw>d s\nd ( ! voice1 b because x is believ$ 9 accordance ) ! s5se ( ! words :i* is held by fai?4 ,& ?is s5se is inde$ ! same = all1 ?\gh ! same words z to _! s\nd be n us$ by all4 ,consequ5tly no matt] 9 :at language ?is s5se is express$1 ! sacram5t is complete4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh x happ5s 9 e language t v>i\s words signify ! same ?+1 yet "o ( ^? words is t :i* ^? :o speak t language use pr9cipally & m commonly to signify t p>ticul> ?+3 & ?is is ! ^w :i* %\ld be us$ = ! sacram5tal signification4 ,s also among s5sible ?+s1 t "o is us$ = ! sacram5tal signification :i* is mo/ commonly employ$ = ! action by :i* ! sacram5tal effect is signifi$3 ?us wat] is mo/ commonly us$ by m5 = bodily cleans+1 by :i* ! spiritual cleans+ is signifi$3 & !re=e wat] is employ$ z ! matt] ( baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if he :o corrupts ! pronunciation ( ! sacram5tal words--does s on purpose1 he does n seem to int5d to d :at ! ,*ur* int5ds3 & ?us ! sacram5t seems to be defective4 ,b if he d ?is ?r\gh error or a slip ( ! tongue1 & if he s f> mispron\nce ! words z to deprive !m ( s5se1 ! sacram5t seems to be defective4 ,?is w\ld be ! case especially if ! mispronunciation be 9 ! beg9n+ ( a ^w1 = in/ance1 if "o 7 to say 9 nom9e matris in/ead ( 9 nom9e ,patris4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! s5se ( ! words be n entirely lo/ by ?is mispronunciation1 ! sacram5t is complete4 ,?is w\ld be ! case pr9cipally if ! end ( a ^w be mispron\nc$2 = in/ance1 if "o 7 to say patrias et filias4 ,= al?\gh ! words ?us mispron\nc$ h no appo9t$ mean+1 yet we all[ !m an accommodat$ mean+ correspond+ to ! usual =ms ( spee*4 ,& s1 al?\gh ! s5sible s\nd is *ang$1 yet ! s5se rema9s ! same4 ,:at has be5 said ab\t ! v>i\s mispronunciations ( words1 ei!r at ! beg9n+ or at ! end1 holds =asmu* z ) u a *ange at ! beg9n+ ( a ^w *anges ! mean+1 :]eas a *ange at ! end g5]ally speak+ does n effect su* a *ange3 :]eas ) ! ,greeks ! s5se is *ang$ also 9 ! beg9n+ ( words 9 ! conjugation ( v]bs4 ,nev]!less ! pr9cipal po9t to obs]ve is ! ext5t ( ! corruption entail$ by mispronunciation3 = 9 ei!r case x may be s little t x does n alt] ! s5se ( ! words2 or s great t x de/roys x4 ,b x is easi] = ! "o to happ5 on ! "p ( ! beg9n+ ( ! words1 & ! o!r at ! end4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fj1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,x ,is ,lawful to ,add ,any?+ to ! ,words 9 ,:i* ! ,sacram5tal ,=m ,consi/s8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t x is n lawful to add any?+ to ! words 9 :i* ! sacram5tal =m consi/s4 ,= ^! sacram5tal words are n ( less importance ?an are ! words ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,b x is n lawful to add any?+ to1 or to take any?+ f1 ! words ( ,holy ,scripture3 = x is writt5 7,deut4 #d3b73 ,y %all n add to ! ^w t ,i speak to y1 nei!r %all y take away f x2 & 7,apoc4 #bb3ah1 #ai73 ,i te/ify to ev]yone t he>e? ! words ( ! prophecy ( ?is book3 if any man %all add to ^! ?+s1 ,god %all add to him ! plagues writt5 9 ?is book4 ,& if any man %all take away 4 4 4 ,god %all take away 8 "p out ( ! book ( life4 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r is x lawful to add any?+ to1 or to take any?+ f1 ! sacram5tal =ms4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! sacram5ts words are by way ( =m1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #f1 ad #b2 ,a4 #g74 ,b any addition or subtraction 9 =ms *anges ! species1 z also 9 numb]s 7,metaph4 viii74 ,!re=e x seems t if any?+ be add$ to or subtract$ f a sacram5tal =m1 x w n be ! same sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z ! sacram5tal =m dem&s a c]ta9 numb] ( words1 s does x require t ^! words %\ld be pron\nc$ 9 a c]ta9 ord] & )\t int]ruption4 ,if !re=e1 ! sacram5t is n r5d]$ invalid by addition or subtraction ( words1 9 l mann] x seems t nei!r is x1 if ! words be pron\nc$ 9 a diff]5t ord] or ) int]ruptions4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,c]ta9 words are ins]t$ by "s 9 ! sacram5tal =ms1 :i* are n ins]t$ by o!rs3 ?us ! ,lat9s baptize "u ?is =m3 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 :]eas ! ,greeks use ! foll[+ =m3 ,! s]vant ( ,god1 ,n 4 4 4 is baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 etc4 ,yet bo? conf] ! sacram5t validly4 ,!re=e x is lawful to add some?+ to1 or to take some?+ f1 ! sacram5tal =ms4 ,i answ] t1 ,) reg>d to all ! v>iations t may occur 9 ! sacram5tal =ms1 two po9ts seem to call = our att5tion4 ,"o is on ! "p ( ! p]son :o says ! words1 & ^: int5tion is ess5tial to ! sacram5t1 z w be expla9$ fur!r on 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #h74 ,:]e=e if he int5ds by su* addition or suppression to p]=m a rite o!r f t :i* is recogniz$ by ! ,*ur*1 x seems t ! sacram5t is invalid3 because he seems n to int5d to d :at ! ,*ur* does4 ,! o!r po9t to be consid]$ is ! mean+ ( ! words4 ,= s9ce 9 ! sacram5ts1 ! words produce an effect accord+ to ! s5se :i* !y convey1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #g1 ad #a71 we mu/ see :e!r ! *ange ( words de/roys ! ess5tial s5se ( ! words3 because !n ! sacram5t is cle>ly r5d]$ invalid4 ,n[ x is cle>1 if any sub/antial "p ( ! sacram5tal =m be suppress$1 t ! ess5tial s5se ( ! words is de/roy$2 & consequ5tly ! sacram5t is invalid4 ,:]e=e ,didymus says 7,de ,spir4 ,sanct4 ii73 ,if anyone attempt to baptize 9 su* a way z to omit "o ( ! a=esaid names1 i4e4 ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 8 baptism w be invalid4 ,b if t :i* is omitt$ be n a sub/antial "p ( ! =m1 su* an omission does n de/roy ! ess5tial s5se ( ! words1 nor consequ5tly ! validity ( ! sacram5t4 ,?us 9 ! =m ( ! ,eu*>i/--,= ?is is ,my ,body1 ! omission ( ! ^w = does n de/roy ! ess5tial s5se ( ! words1 nor consequ5tly cause ! sacram5t to be invalid2 al?\gh p]haps he :o makes ! omission may s9 f neglig5ce or contempt4 ,aga91 x is possible to add some?+ t de/roys ! ess5tial s5se ( ! words3 = in/ance1 if "o 7 to say3 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r ,:o is great]1 & ( ! ,son ,:o is less1 ) :i* =m ! ,arians baptiz$3 & consequ5tly su* an addition makes ! sacram5t invalid4 ,b if ! addition be su* z n to de/roy ! ess5tial s5se1 ! sacram5t is n r5d]$ invalid4 ,nor does x matt] :e!r ?is addition be made at ! beg9n+1 9 ! middle1 or at ! end3 ,= in/ance1 if "o 7 to say1 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 & ( ! only ,begott5 ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,p>aclete1 ! baptism w\ld be valid2 & 9 l mann] if "o 7 to say1 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 & may ! ,bless$ ,virg9 succ\r !e1 ! baptism w\ld be valid4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 if "o 7 to say1 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 ! baptism w\ld be void2 because x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #a3ac73 ,0 ,paul crucifi$ = y or 7 y baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,paul8 ,b ?is is true if ! int5tion be to baptize 9 ! "n ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 z 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity1 by :i* baptism is consecrat$3 = su* a s5se w\ld be contr>y to fai?1 & w\ld !re=e r5d] ! sacram5t invalid3 :]eas if ! addition1 & 9 ! "n ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 be und]/ood1 n z if ! "n ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 effect$ any?+ 9 baptism1 b z intimat+ t h] int]cession may help ! p]son baptiz$ to pres]ve ! baptismal grace1 !n ! sacram5t is n r5d]$ void4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is n lawful to add any?+ to ! words ( ,holy ,scripture z reg>ds ! s5se2 b _m words are add$ by ,doctors by way ( explanation ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,nev]!less1 x is n lawful to add ev5 words to ,holy ,scripture z ?\gh su* words 7 a "p !re(1 = ?is w\ld am\nt to =g]y4 ,x w\ld am\nt to ! same if anyone 7 to pret5d t some?+ is ess5tial to a sacram5tal =m1 :i* is n s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,words belong to a sacram5tal =m by reason ( ! s5se signifi$ by !m4 ,consequ5tly any addition or suppression ( words :i* does n add to or take f ! ess5tial s5se1 does n de/roy ! ess5ce ( ! sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if ! words are int]rupt$ to su* an ext5t t ! int5tion ( ! speak] is int]rupt$1 ! sacram5tal s5se is de/roy$1 & consequ5tly1 ! validity ( ! sacram5t4 ,b ?is is n ! case if ! int]ruption ( ! speak] is s slight1 t 8 int5tion & ! s5se ( ! words is n int]rupt$4 ,! same is to be said ( a *ange 9 ! ord] ( ! words4 ,because if ?is de/roys ! s5se ( ! words1 ! sacram5t is invalidat$3 z happ5s :5 a negation is made to prec$e or foll[ a ^w4 ,b if ! ord] is s *ang$ t ! s5se ( ! words does n v>y1 ! sacram5t is n invalidat$1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph]'s dictum3 ,n\ns & v]bs mean ! same ?\gh !y be transpos$ 7,p]i ,h]m4 x74 ,,"q #fa ,,( ,,! ,,necessity ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5ts 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! necessity ( ! sacram5ts2 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r sacram5ts are necess>y = man's salvation8 7#b7 ,:e!r !y 7 necess>y 9 ! /ate t prec$$ s98 7#c7 ,:e!r !y 7 necess>y 9 ! /ate aft] s9 & be=e ,*ri/8 7#d7 ,:e!r !y 7 necess>y aft] ,*ri/'s com+8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fa1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,sacram5ts ,are ,necess>y = ,man's ,salvation8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t sacram5ts are n necess>y = man's salvation4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,tim4 #d3h73 ,bodily ex]cise is pr(itable to little4 ,b ! use ( sacram5ts p]ta9s to bodily ex]cise2 because sacram5ts are p]fect$ 9 ! signification ( s5sible ?+s & words1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fj1 ,a4 #f74 ,!re=e sacram5ts are n necess>y = ! salvation ( man4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le 0 told 7#b ,cor4 #ab3i73 ,my grace is suffici5t = !e4 ,b x w\ld n suffice if sacram5ts 7 necess>y = salvation4 ,!re=e sacram5ts are n necess>y = man's salvation4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 giv5 a suffici5t cause1 no?+ m seems to be requir$ = ! effect4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,passion is ! suffici5t cause ( our salvation2 = ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3aj73 ,if1 :5 we 7 enemies1 we 7 reconcil$ to ,god by ! dea? ( ,8 ,son3 mu* m1 be+ reconcil$1 %all we be sav$ by ,8 life4 ,!re=e sacram5ts are n necess>y = man's salvation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix73 ,x is impossible to keep m5 toge!r 9 "o religi\s d5om9ation1 :e!r true or false1 except !y be unit$ by means ( visible signs or sacram5ts4 ,b x is necess>y = salvation t m5 be unit$ toge!r 9 ! "n ( ! "o true religion4 ,!re=e sacram5ts are necess>y = man's salvation4 ,i answ] t1 ,sacram5ts are necess>y unto man's salvation = ?ree reasons4 ,! fir/ is tak5 f ! condition ( human nature :i* is su* t x has to be l$ by ?+s corporeal & s5sible to ?+s spiritual & intelligible4 ,n[ x belongs to ,div9e provid5ce to provide = ea* "o accord+ z its condition requires4 ,div9e wisdom1 !re=e1 fitt+ly provides man ) means ( salvation1 9 ! %ape ( corporeal & s5sible signs t are call$ sacram5ts4 ,! second reason is tak5 f ! /ate ( man :o 9 s9n+ subject$ himself by 8 affections to corporeal ?+s4 ,n[ ! heal+ rem$y %\ld be giv5 to a man s z to rea* ! "p affect$ by disease4 ,consequ5tly x 0 fitt+ t ,god %\ld provide man ) a spiritual m$ic9e by means ( c]ta9 corporeal signs2 = if man 7 (f]$ spiritual ?+s )\t a veil1 8 m9d be+ tak5 up ) ! mat]ial _w w\ld be unable to apply itself to !m4 ,! ?ird reason is tak5 f ! fact t man is prone to direct 8 activity *iefly t[>ds mat]ial ?+s4 ,le/1 !re=e1 x %\ld be too h>d = man to be drawn away entirely f bodily actions1 bodily ex]cise 0 (f]$ to him 9 ! sacram5ts1 by :i* he might be tra9$ to avoid sup]/iti\s practices1 consi/+ 9 ! wor%ip ( demons1 & all mann] ( h>mful action1 consi/+ 9 s9ful de$s4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t ?r\gh ! in/itution ( ! sacram5ts man1 consi/5tly ) 8 nature1 is in/ruct$ ?r\gh s5sible ?+s2 he is humbl$1 ?r\gh confess+ t he is subject to corporeal ?+s1 see+ t he receives assi/ance ?r\gh !m3 & he is ev5 pres]v$ f bodily hurt1 by ! heal?y ex]cise ( ! sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,bodily ex]cise1 z su*1 is n v pr(itable3 b ex]cise tak5 9 ! use ( ! sacram5ts is n m]ely bodily1 b to a c]ta9 ext5t spiritual1 viz4 9 its signification & 9 its causality4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,god's grace is a suffici5t cause ( man's salvation4 ,b ,god gives grace to man 9 a way :i* is suitable to him4 ,h5ce x is t man ne$s ! sacram5ts t he may obta9 grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s ,passion is a suffici5t cause ( man's salvation4 ,b x does n foll[ t ! sacram5ts are n also necess>y = t purpose3 because !y obta9 _! effect ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion2 & ,*ri/'s ,passion is1 s to say1 appli$ to man ?r\gh ! sacram5ts accord+ to ! ,apo/le 7,rom4 #f3c73 ,all we :o are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 are baptiz$ 9 ,8 dea?4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fa1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,be=e ,s9 ,sacram5ts ,7 ,necess>y to ,man8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t be=e s9 sacram5ts 7 necess>y to man4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b7 man ne$s sacram5ts t he may obta9 grace4 ,b man ne$$ grace ev5 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce1 z we /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ie1 ,a4 #d2 cf4 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aji1 ,a4 #b2 ,q4 #aad1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e sacram5ts 7 necess>y 9 t /ate also4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 sacram5ts are suitable to man by reason ( ! conditions ( human nature1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,b man's nature is ! same be=e & aft] s94 ,!re=e x seems t be=e s91 man ne$$ ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 matrimony is a sacram5t1 accord+ to ,eph4 #e3cb3 ,?is is a great sacram5t2 b ,i speak 9 ,*ri/ & 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,b matrimony 0 in/itut$ be=e s91 z may be se5 9 ,g54 #b4 ,!re=e sacram5ts 7 necess>y to man be=e s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,none b ! sick ne$ rem$ies1 accord+ to ,matt4 #i3ab3 ,!y t are 9 heal? ne$ n a physician4 ,n[ ! sacram5ts are spiritual rem$ies = ! heal+ ( w\nds inflict$ by s94 ,!re=e !y 7 n necess>y be=e s94 ,i answ] t1 ,sacram5ts 7 n necess>y 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce4 ,?is c be prov$ f ! rectitude ( t /ate1 9 :i* ! high] 7p>ts ( man7 rul$ ! l[]1 & n[ise dep5d$ on !m3 = j z ! m9d 0 subject to ,god1 s 7 ! l[] p[]s ( ! s\l subject to ! m9d1 & ! body to ! s\l4 ,& x w\ld be contr>y to ?is ord] if ! s\l 7 p]fect$ ei!r 9 k or 9 grace1 by any?+ corporeal2 :i* happ5s 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,!re=e 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce man ne$$ no sacram5ts1 :e!r z rem$ies aga9/ s9 or z means ( p]fect+ ! s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce man ne$$ grace3 n s t he ne$$ to obta9 grace by means ( s5sible signs1 b 9 a spiritual & invisible mann]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,man's nature is ! same be=e & aft] s91 b ! /ate ( 8 nature is n ! same4 ,because aft] s91 ! s\l1 ev5 9 its high] "p1 ne$s to receive some?+ f corporeal ?+s 9 ord] t x may be p]fect$3 :]eas man _h no ne$ ( ?is 9 t /ate4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,matrimony 0 in/itut$ 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce1 n z a sacram5t1 b z a function ( nature4 ,consequ5tly1 h[ev]1 x =e%ad[$ some?+ 9 relation to ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*3 j z ev]y?+ else =e%ad[$ ,*ri/4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fa1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,!re ,%\ld ,h ,be5 ,sacram5ts ,aft] ,s91 ,be=e ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t !re %\ld h be5 no sacram5ts aft] s91 be=e ,*ri/4 ,= x has be5 /at$ t ! ,passion ( ,*ri/ is appli$ to m5 ?r\gh ! sacram5ts3 s t ,*ri/'s ,passion is comp>$ to ! sacram5ts z cause to effect4 ,b effect does n prec$e cause4 ,!re=e !re %\ld h be5 no sacram5ts be=e ,*ri/'s com+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 sacram5ts %\ld be suitable to ! /ate ( ! human race1 z ,augu/9e decl>es 7,contra ,fau/4 xix74 ,b ! /ate ( ! human race und]w5t no *ange aft] s9 until x 0 repair$ by ,*ri/4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 %\ld ! sacram5ts h be5 *ang$1 s t besides ! sacram5ts ( ! natural law1 o!rs %\ld be in/itut$ 9 ! law ( ,moses4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ne>] a ?+ approa*es to t :i* is p]fect1 ! m l x %\ld x be4 ,n[ ! p]fection ( human salvation 0 accompli%$ by ,*ri/2 to ,:om ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law 7 ne>] ?an ^? t prec$$ ! ,law4 ,!re=e !y %\ld h borne a great] lik5ess to ! sacram5ts ( ,*ri/4 ,& yet ! contr>y is ! case1 s9ce x 0 =etold t ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/ w\ld be accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*1 & n 4 4 4 accord+ to ! ord] ( ,a>on 7,heb4 #g3aa74 ,!re=e sacram5ts 7 unsuitably in/itut$ be=e ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix7 t ! fir/ sacram5ts :i* ! ,law comm&$ to be solemniz$ & obs]v$ 7 ann\ncem5ts ( ,*ri/'s future com+4 ,b x 0 necess>y = man's salvation t ,*ri/'s com+ %\ld be ann\nc$ be=eh&4 ,!re=e x 0 necess>y t "s sacram5ts %\ld be in/itut$ be=e ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,sacram5ts are necess>y = man's salvation1 9 s f> z !y are s5sible signs ( invisible ?+s :]eby man is made holy4 ,n[ aft] s9 no man c be made holy save ?r\gh ,*ri/1 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood1 to ! %[+ ( ,8 ju/ice 4 4 4 t ,he ,himself may be j1 & ! ju/ifi] ( him :o is ( ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,rom4 #c3be1 #bf74 ,!re=e be=e ,*ri/'s com+ !re 0 ne$ = "s visible signs :]eby man might te/ify to 8 fai? 9 ! future com+ ( a ,savi\r4 ,& ^! signs are call$ sacram5ts4 ,x is !re=e cle> t "s sacram5ts 7 necess>y be=e ,*ri/'s com+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s ,passion is ! f9al cause ( ! old sacram5ts3 = !y 7 in/itut$ 9 ord] to =e%ad[ x4 ,n[ ! f9al cause prec$es n 9 "t1 b 9 ! int5tion ( ! ag5t4 ,consequ5tly1 !re is no reason aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( sacram5ts be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! /ate ( ! human race aft] s9 & be=e ,*ri/ c be consid]$ f two po9ts ( view4 ,fir/1 f t ( fai?3 & ?us x 0 always "o & ! same3 s9ce m5 7 made righte\s1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ! future com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,secondly1 accord+ z s9 0 m or less int5se1 & k conc]n+ ,*ri/ m or less explicit4 ,= z "t w5t on s9 ga9$ a great] hold on man1 s mu* s t x cl\d$ man's reason1 ! consequ5ce be+ t ! precepts ( ! natural law 7 insuffici5t to make man live aright1 & x became necess>y to h a writt5 code ( fix$ laws1 & toge!r ) ^! c]ta9 sacram5ts ( fai?4 ,= x 0 necess>y1 z "t w5t on1 t ! k ( fai? %\ld be m & m unfold$1 s9ce1 z ,gregory says 7,hom4 vi 9 ,eze*473 ,) ! advance ( "t !re 0 an advance 9 ! k ( ,div9e ?+s4 ,consequ5tly 9 ! old ,law !re 0 also a ne$ = c]ta9 fix$ sacram5ts significative ( man's fai? 9 ! future com+ ( ,*ri/3 :i* sacram5ts are comp>$ to ^? t prec$$ ! ,law1 z some?+ det]m9ate to t :i* is indet]m9ate3 inasmu* z be=e ! ,law x 0 n laid d[n precisely ( :at sacram5ts m5 7 to make use3 :]eas ?is 0 prescrib$ by ! ,law2 & ?is 0 necess>y bo? on acc\nt ( ! ov]cl\d+ ( ! natural law1 & = ! cle>] signification ( fai?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! sacram5t ( ,mel*is$e* :i* prec$$ ! ,law is m l ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law 9 its matt]3 9 s f> z he (f]$ bread & w9e 7,g54 #ad3ah71 j z bread & w9e are (f]$ 9 ! sacrifice ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,nev]!less ! sacram5ts ( ! ,mosaic ,law are m l ! ?+ signifi$ by ! sacram5t1 i4e4 ! ,passion ( ,*ri/3 z cle>ly appe>s 9 ! ,pas*al ,lamb & su* l4 ,! reason ( ?is 0 le/1 if ! sacram5ts reta9$ ! same appe>ance1 x might seem to be ! cont9uation ( "o & ! same sacram5t1 :]e !re 0 no int]ruption ( "t4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fa1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,!re ,0 ,ne$ = ,any ,sacram5ts ,aft] ,*ri/ ,came8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t !re 0 no ne$ = any sacram5ts aft] ,*ri/ came4 ,= ! figure %\ld cease ) ! adv5t ( ! tru?4 ,b grace & tru? came by ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,john #a3ag74 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! sacram5ts are signs or figures ( ! tru?1 x seems t !re 0 no ne$ = any sacram5ts aft] ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts consi/ 9 c]ta9 elem5ts1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fj1 ,a4 #d74 ,b ! ,apo/le says 7,gal4 #d3c1 #d7 t :5 we 7 *ildr5 we 7 s]v+ "u ! elem5ts ( ! _w3 b t n[ :5 ! fulness ( "t has come1 we are no long] *ildr54 ,!re=e x seems t we %\ld n s]ve ,god "u ! elem5ts ( ?is _w1 by mak+ use ( corporeal sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ,james #a3ag ) ,god !re is no *ange1 nor %ad[ ( alt]ation4 ,b x seems to argue "s *ange 9 ! ,div9e w t ,god %\ld give man c]ta9 sacram5ts = 8 sanctification n[ dur+ ! "t ( grace1 & o!r sacram5ts be=e ,*ri/'s com+4 ,!re=e x seems t o!r sacram5ts %\ld n h be5 in/itut$ aft] ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix7 t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law 7 aboli%$ because !y 7 fulfill$2 & o!rs 7 in/itut$1 few] 9 numb]1 b m efficaci\s1 m pr(itable1 & ( easi] accompli%m5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! anci5t ,fa!rs 7 sav$ ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/'s future com+1 s are we sav$ ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/'s pa/ bir? & ,passion4 ,n[ ! sacram5ts are signs 9 prote/ation ( ! fai? :]eby man is ju/ifi$2 & signs %\ld v>y accord+ z !y signify ! future1 ! pa/1 or ! pres5t2 = z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix71 ! same ?+ is v>i\sly pron\nc$ z to be done & z hav+ be5 done3 = in/ance ! ^w passurus 7go+ to suff]7 diff]s f passus 7hav+ suff]$74 ,!re=e ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law1 t signify ,*ri/ 9 relation to ! pa/1 mu/ ne$s diff] f ^? ( ! ,old ,law1 t =e%ad[$ ! future4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v71 ! /ate ( ! ,new ,law4 is betwe5 ! /ate ( ! ,old ,law1 ^: figures are fulfill$ 9 ! ,new1 & ! /ate ( glory1 9 :i* all tru? w be op5ly & p]fectly reveal$4 ,:]e=e !n !re w be no sacram5ts4 ,b n[1 s long z we "k ?r\gh a glass 9 a d>k mann]1 7#a ,cor4 #ac3ab7 we ne$ s5sible signs 9 ord] to rea* spiritual ?+s3 & ?is is ! prov9ce ( ! sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,apo/le calls ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law weak & ne$y elem5ts 7,gal4 #d3i7 because !y nei!r conta9$ nor caus$ grace4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says t ^? :o us$ ^! sacram5ts s]v$ ,god "u ! elem5ts ( ?is _w3 = ! v reason t ^! sacram5ts 7 no?+ else ?an ! elem5ts ( ?is _w4 ,b our sacram5ts bo? conta9 & cause grace3 consequ5tly ! comp>ison does n hold4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,j z ! head ( ! h\se is n prov$ to h a *angeable m9d1 ?r\gh issu+ v>i\s comm&s to 8 h\sehold at v>i\s seasons1 ord]+ ?+s diff]5tly 9 w9t] & summ]2 s x does n foll[ t !re is any *ange 9 ,god1 because ,he in/itut$ sacram5ts ( "o k9d aft] ,*ri/'s com+1 & ( ano!r k9d at ! "t ( ! ,law4 ,because ! latt] 7 suitable z =e%ad[+ grace2 ! =m] z signify+ ! pres5ce ( grace4 ,,"q #fb ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5ts' ,,pr9cipal ,,effect1 ,,:i* ,,is ,,grace 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! effect ( ! sacram5ts4 ,fir/ ( _! pr9cipal effect1 :i* is grace2 secondly1 ( _! second>y effect1 :i* is a "*4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law are ! cause ( grace8 7#b7 ,:e!r sacram5tal grace conf]s any?+ 9 addition to ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! sacram5ts conta9 grace8 7#d7 ,:e!r !re is any p[] 9 !m = ! caus+ ( grace8 7#e7 ,:e!r ! sacram5ts d]ive ?is p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion8 7#f7 ,:e!r ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law caus$ grace8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fb1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,sacram5ts ,are ! ,cause ( ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5ts are n ! cause ( grace4 ,= x seems t ! same ?+ is n bo? sign & cause3 s9ce ! nature ( sign appe>s to be m 9 keep+ ) an effect4 ,b a sacram5t is a sign ( grace4 ,!re=e x is n its cause4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ corporeal c act on a spiritual ?+3 s9ce ! ag5t is m excell5t ?an ! pati5t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 xii74 ,b ! subject ( grace is ! human m9d1 :i* is some?+ spiritual4 ,!re=e ! sacram5ts _c cause grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at is prop] to ,god %\ld n be ascrib$ to a creature4 ,b x is prop] to ,god to cause grace1 accord+ to ,ps4 #hc3ab3 ,! ,"l w give grace & glory4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! sacram5ts consi/ 9 c]ta9 words & creat$ ?+s1 x seems t !y _c cause grace4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx 9 ,joan47 t ! baptismal wat] t\*es ! body & cleanses ! he>t4 ,b ! he>t is n cleans$ save ?r\gh grace4 ,!re=e x causes grace3 & = l reason s d ! o!r sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i answ] t1 ,we mu/ ne$s say t 9 "s way ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law cause grace4 ,= x is evid5t t ?r\gh ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law man is incorporat$ ) ,*ri/3 ?us ! ,apo/le says ( ,baptism 7,gal4 #c3bg73 ,z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ h put on ,*ri/4 ,& man is made a memb] ( ,*ri/ ?r\gh grace alone4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 say t !y are ! cause ( grace n by _! own op]ation1 b 9 s f> z ,god causes grace 9 ! s\l :5 ! sacram5ts are employ$4 ,& !y give z an example a man :o on pres5t+ a lead5 co91 receives1 by ! k+'s comm&1 a hundr$ p\nds3 n z ?\gh ! lead5 co91 by any op]ation ( its own1 caus$ him to be giv5 t sum ( money2 ?is be+ ! effect ( ! m]e w ( ! k+4 ,h5ce ,b]n>d says 9 a s]mon on ! ,"l's ,supp]3 ,j z a canon is inve/$ by means ( a book1 an abbot by means ( a crozi]1 a bi%op by means ( a r+1 s by ! v>i\s sacram5ts v>i\s k9ds ( grace are conf]r$4 ,b if we exam9e ! "q prop]ly1 we %all see t accord+ to ! above mode ! sacram5ts are m]e signs4 ,= ! lead5 co9 is no?+ b a sign ( ! k+'s comm& t ?is man %\ld receive money4 ,9 l mann] ! book is a sign ( ! conf]r+ ( a canonry4 ,h5ce1 accord+ to ?is op9ion ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law w\ld be m]e signs ( grace2 :]eas we h x on ! au?ority ( _m sa9ts t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law n only signify1 b also cause grace4 ,we mu/ !re=e say o!rwise1 t an effici5t cause is tw(old1 pr9cipal & in/rum5tal4 ,! pr9cipal cause works by ! p[] ( its =m1 to :i* =m ! effect is lik5$2 j z fire by its own heat makes some?+ hot4 ,9 ?is way none b ,god c cause grace3 s9ce grace is no?+ else ?an a p>ticipat$ lik5ess ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 accord+ to #b ,pet4 #a3d3 ,he ha? giv5 u mo/ great & preci\s promises2 t we may be ,vulg43 'y may be made' p>tak]s ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,b ! in/rum5tal cause works n by ! p[] ( its =m1 b only by ! motion :]eby x is mov$ by ! pr9cipal ag5t3 s t ! effect is n lik5$ to ! in/rum5t b to ! pr9cipal ag5t3 = in/ance1 ! c\* is n l ! axe1 b l ! art :i* is 9 ! craftsman's m9d4 ,& x is ?us t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law cause grace3 = !y are in/itut$ by ,god to be employ$ = ! purpose ( conf]r+ grace4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix73 ,all ^! ?+s1 viz4 p]ta9+ to ! sacram5ts1 are done & pass away1 b ! p[]1 viz4 ( ,god1 :i* works by !m1 rema9s ev]4 ,n[ t is1 prop]ly speak+1 an in/rum5t by :i* someone works3 :]e=e x is writt5 7,titus #c3e73 ,he sav$ u by ! lav] ( reg5]ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! pr9cipal cause _c prop]ly be call$ a sign ( its effect1 ev5 ?\gh ! latt] be hidd5 & ! cause itself s5sible & manife/4 ,b an in/rum5tal cause1 if manife/1 c be call$ a sign ( a hidd5 effect1 = ?is reason1 t x is n m]ely a cause b also 9 a measure an effect 9 s f> z x is mov$ by ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law are bo? cause & signs4 ,h5ce1 too1 is x t1 to use ! common expression1 !y effect :at !y signify4 ,f ?is x is cle> t !y p]fectly fulfil ! conditions ( a sacram5t2 be+ orda9$ to some?+ sacr$1 n only z a sign1 b also z a cause4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,an in/rum5t has a tw(old action2 "o is in/rum5tal1 9 respect ( :i* x works n by its own p[] b by ! p[] ( ! pr9cipal ag5t3 ! o!r is its prop] action1 :i* belongs to x 9 respect ( its prop] =m3 ?us x belongs to an axe to cut asund] by reason ( its %>pness1 b to make a c\*1 9 s f> z x is ! in/rum5t ( an art4 ,b x does n accompli% ! in/rum5tal action save by ex]cis+ its prop] action3 = x is by cutt+ t x makes a c\*4 ,9 l mann] ! corporeal sacram5ts by _! op]ation1 :i* !y ex]cise on ! body t !y t\*1 accompli% ?r\gh ! ,div9e in/itution an in/rum5tal op]ation on ! s\l2 = example1 ! wat] ( baptism1 9 respect ( its prop] p[]1 cleanses ! body1 & !reby1 inasmu* z x is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,div9e p[]1 cleanses ! s\l3 s9ce f s\l & body "o ?+ is made4 ,& ?us x is t ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 xii7 t x t\*es ! body & cleanses ! he>t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is argum5t consid]s t :i* causes grace z pr9cipal ag5t2 = ?is belongs to ,god alone1 z /at$ above4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fb1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,sacram5tal ,grace ,conf]s ,any?+ 9 ,addition to ! ,grace ( ! ,virtues & ,gifts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t sacram5tal grace conf]s no?+ 9 addition to ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts4 ,= ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts p]fects ! s\l suffici5tly1 bo? 9 its ess5ce & 9 its p[]s2 z is cle> f :at 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,b grace is orda9$ to ! p]fect+ ( ! s\l4 ,!re=e sacram5tal grace _c conf] any?+ 9 addition to ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! s\l's defects are caus$ by s94 ,b all s9s are suffici5tly remov$ by ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts3 because !re is no s9 t is n contr>y to "s virtue4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 sacram5tal grace is orda9$ to ! removal ( ! s\l's defects1 x _c conf] any?+ 9 addition to ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 e addition or subtraction ( =m v>ies ! species 7,metaph4 viii74 ,if1 !re=e1 sacram5tal grace conf]s any?+ 9 addition to ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts1 x foll[s t x is call$ grace equivocally3 & s we are none ! wis] :5 x is said t ! sacram5ts cause grace4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,if sacram5tal grace conf]s no?+ 9 addition to ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts1 x is useless to conf] ! sacram5ts on ^? :o h ! virtues & gifts4 ,b !re is no?+ useless 9 ,god's works4 ,!re=e x seems t sacram5tal grace conf]s some?+ 9 addition to ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d71 grace1 consid]$ 9 itself1 p]fects ! ess5ce ( ! s\l1 9 s f> z x is a c]ta9 p>ticipat$ lik5ess ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,& j z ! s\l's p[]s fl[ f its ess5ce1 s f grace !re fl[ c]ta9 p]fections into ! p[]s ( ! s\l1 :i* are call$ virtues & gifts1 :]eby ! p[]s are p]fect$ 9 ref]5ce to _! actions4 ,n[ ! sacram5ts are orda9$ unto c]ta9 special effects :i* are necess>y 9 ! ,*ri/ian life3 ?us ,baptism is orda9$ unto a c]ta9 spiritual reg5]ation1 by :i* man dies to vice & becomes a memb] ( ,*ri/3 :i* effect is some?+ special 9 addition to ! actions ( ! s\l's p[]s3 & ! same holds true ( ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,consequ5tly j z ! virtues & gifts conf]1 9 addition to grace commonly s call$1 a c]ta9 special p]fection orda9$ to ! p[]s' prop] actions1 s does sacram5tal grace conf]1 ov] & above grace commonly s call$1 & 9 addition to ! virtues & gifts1 a c]ta9 ,div9e assi/ance 9 obta9+ ! end ( ! sacram5t4 ,x is ?us t sacram5tal grace conf]s some?+ 9 addition to ! grace ( ! virtues & gifts4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! grace ( ! virtues & gifts p]fects ! ess5ce & p[]s ( ! s\l suffici5tly z reg>ds ord9>y conduct3 b z reg>ds c]ta9 special effects :i* are necess>y 9 a ,*ri/ian life1 sacram5tal grace is ne$$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,vices & s9s are suffici5tly remov$ by virtues & gifts1 z to pres5t & future "t1 9 s f> z !y prev5t man f s9n+4 ,b 9 reg>d to pa/ s9s1 ! acts ( :i* are transitory :]eas _! guilt rema9s1 man is provid$ ) a special rem$y 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,sacram5tal grace is comp>$ to grace commonly s call$1 z species to g5us4 ,:]e=e j z x is n equivocal to use ! t]m animal 9 its g5]ic s5se1 & z appli$ to a man1 s nei!r is x equivocal to speak ( grace commonly s call$ & ( sacram5tal grace4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fb1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law ,conta9 ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law d n conta9 grace4 ,= x seems t :at is conta9$ is 9 ! conta9]4 ,b grace is n 9 ! sacram5ts2 nei!r z 9 a subject1 because ! subject ( grace is n a body b a _s2 nor z 9 a vessel1 = accord+ to ,phys4 iv1 a vessel is a movable place1 & an accid5t _c be 9 a place4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law d n conta9 grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 sacram5ts are in/itut$ z means :]eby m5 may obta9 grace4 ,b s9ce grace is an accid5t x _c pass f "o subject to ano!r4 ,!re=e x w\ld be ( no acc\nt if grace 7 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a spiritual ?+ is n conta9$ by a corporeal1 ev5 if x be !re92 = ! s\l is n conta9$ by ! body2 r does x conta9 ! body4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 grace is some?+ spiritual1 x seems t x _c be conta9$ 9 a corporeal sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,hugh ( ,s4 ,victor says 7,de ,sacram4 i7 t a sacram5t1 ?r\gh its be+ sanctifi$1 conta9s an invisible grace4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ is said to be 9 ano!r 9 v>i\s ways2 9 two ( :i* grace is said to be 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,fir/1 z 9 its sign2 = a sacram5t is a sign ( grace4 ,secondly1 z 9 its cause2 =1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a7 a sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law is an in/rum5tal cause ( grace4 ,:]e=e grace is 9 a sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law1 n z to its specific lik5ess1 z an effect 9 its univocal cause2 nor z to "s prop] & p]man5t =m proportion$ to su* an effect1 z effects 9 non-univocal causes1 = in/ance1 z ?+s g5]at$ are 9 ! sun2 b z to a c]ta9 in/rum5tal p[] transi5t & incomplete 9 its natural be+1 z w be expla9$ lat] on 7,a4 #d74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,grace is said to be 9 a sacram5t n z 9 its subject2 nor z 9 a vessel consid]$ z a place1 b und]/ood z ! in/rum5t ( "s "w to be done1 accord+ to ,eze*4 #i3a3 ,ev]yone ha? a de/roy+ vessel ,d\ay3 'weapon' 9 8 h&4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh an accid5t does n pass f "o subject to ano!r1 nev]!less 9 a fa%ion x does pass f its cause into its subject ?r\gh ! in/rum5t2 n s t x be 9 ea* ( ^! 9 ! same way1 b 9 ea* accord+ to its respective nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if a spiritual ?+ exi/ p]fectly 9 some?+1 x conta9s x & is n conta9$ by x4 ,b1 9 a sacram5t1 grace has a pass+ & incomplete mode ( be+3 & consequ5tly x is n unfitt+ to say t ! sacram5ts conta9 grace4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fb1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,!re ,be 9 ! ,sacram5ts a ,p[] ( ,caus+ ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t !re is n 9 ! sacram5ts a p[] ( caus+ grace4 ,= ! p[] ( caus+ grace is a spiritual p[]4 ,b a spiritual p[] _c be 9 a body2 nei!r z prop] to x1 because p[] fl[s f a ?+'s ess5ce & consequ5tly _c transc5d x2 nor z d]iv$ f some?+ else1 because t :i* is receiv$ into any?+ foll[s ! mode ( ! recipi5t4 ,!re=e 9 ! sacram5ts !re is no p[] ( caus+ grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :atev] exi/s is r$ucible to "s k9d ( be+ & "s degree ( good4 ,b !re is no assignable k9d ( be+ to :i* su* a p[] c belong2 z anyone may see by runn+ ?r\gh !m all4 ,nor is x r$ucible to "s degree ( good2 = nei!r is x "o ( ! goods ( lea/ acc\nt1 s9ce sacram5ts are necess>y = salvation3 nor is x an int]m$iate good1 su* z are ! p[]s ( ! s\l1 :i* are natural p[]s2 nor is x "o ( ! great] goods1 = x is nei!r grace nor a virtue ( ! m9d4 ,!re=e x seems t 9 ! sacram5ts !re is no p[] ( caus+ grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if !re be su* a p[] 9 ! sacram5ts1 its pres5ce !re mu/ be due to no?+ less ?an a creative act ( ,god4 ,b x seems unbecom+ t s excell5t a be+ creat$ by ,god %\ld cease to exi/ z soon z ! sacram5t is complete4 ,!re=e x seems t 9 ! sacram5ts !re is no p[] = caus+ grace4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! same ?+ _c be 9 sev]al4 ,b sev]al ?+s concur 9 ! completion ( a sacram5t1 namely1 words & ?+s3 :ile 9 "o sacram5t !re c be b "o p[]4 ,!re=e x seems t !re is no p[] ( caus+ grace 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx 9 ,joan473 ,:5ce ha? wat] s great p[]1 t x t\*es ! body & cleanses ! he>t8 ,& ,b$e says t ,our ,"l conf]r$ a p[] ( reg5]ation on ! wat]s by ! contact ( ,8 mo/ pure body4 ,i answ] t1 ,^? :o hold t ! sacram5ts d n cause grace save by a c]ta9 co9cid5ce1 d5y ! sacram5ts any p[] t is itself productive ( ! sacram5tal effect1 & hold t ! ,div9e p[] assi/s ! sacram5ts & produces _! effect4 ,b if we hold t a sacram5t is an in/rum5tal cause ( grace1 we mu/ ne$s all[ t !re is 9 ! sacram5ts a c]ta9 in/rum5tal p[] ( br++ ab\t ! sacram5tal effects4 ,n[ su* p[] is proportionate to ! in/rum5t3 & consequ5tly x /&s 9 comp>ison to ! complete & p]fect p[] ( any?+1 z ! in/rum5t to ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,= an in/rum5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 does n "w save z mov$ by ! pr9cipal ag5t1 :i* works ( itself4 ,& !re=e ! p[] ( ! pr9cipal ag5t exi/s 9 nature completely & p]fectly3 :]eas ! in/rum5tal p[] has a be+ t passes f "o ?+ into ano!r1 & is incomplete2 j z motion is an imp]fect act pass+ f ag5t to pati5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,a spiritual p[] _c be 9 a corporeal subject1 aft] ! mann] ( a p]man5t & complete p[]1 z ! argum5t proves4 ,b !re is no?+ to h9d] an in/rum5tal spiritual p[] f be+ 9 a body2 9 s f> z a body c be mov$ by a p>ticul> spiritual sub/ance s z to produce a p>ticul> spiritual effect2 ?us 9 ! v voice :i* is p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses !re is a c]ta9 spiritual p[]1 inasmu* z x proce$s f a m5tal concept1 ( ar\s+ ! m9d ( ! he>]4 ,x is 9 ?is way t a spiritual p[] is 9 ! sacram5ts1 inasmu* z !y are orda9$ by ,god unto ! production ( a spiritual effect4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z motion1 ?r\gh be+ an imp]fect act1 is n prop]ly 9 a g5us1 b is r$ucible to a g5us ( p]fect act1 = in/ance1 alt]ation to ! g5us ( quality3 s1 in/rum5tal p[]1 prop]ly speak+1 is n 9 any g5us1 b is r$ucible to a g5us & species ( p]fect act4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,j z an in/rum5tal p[] accrues to an in/rum5t ?r\gh its be+ mov$ by ! pr9cipal ag5t1 s does a sacram5t receive spiritual p[] f ,*ri/'s bless+ & f ! action ( ! m9i/] 9 apply+ x to a sacram5tal use4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7,/4 ,maximus ( ,tur91 ,s]m4 xii73 ,nor %\ld y m>vel1 if we say t wat]1 a corporeal sub/ance1 a*ieves ! cleans+ ( ! s\l4 ,x does inde$1 & p5etrates e secret hid+-place ( ! consci5ce4 ,= subtle & cle> z x is1 ! bless+ ( ,*ri/ makes x yet m subtle1 s t x p]meates into ! v pr9ciples ( life & se>*es ! inn]mo/ recesses ( ! he>t4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,j z ! "o same p[] ( ! pr9cipal ag5t is in/rum5tally 9 all ! in/rum5ts t are orda9$ unto ! production ( an effect1 =asmu* z !y are "o z be+ s orda9$3 s also ! "o same sacram5tal p[] is 9 bo? words & ?+s1 =asmu* z words & ?+s comb9e to =m "o sacram5t4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fb1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law ,d]ive ,_! ,p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law d n d]ive _! p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= ! p[] ( ! sacram5ts is 9 ! caus+ ( grace :i* is ! pr9ciple ( spiritual life 9 ! s\l4 ,b z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xix 9 ,joan473 ,! ,^w1 z ,he 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god1 quick5s s\ls2 z ,he 0 made fle%1 quick5s bodies4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,*ri/'s ,passion p]ta9s to ! ,^w z made fle%1 x seems t x _c cause ! p[] ( ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! p[] ( ! sacram5ts seems to dep5d on fai?4 = z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx 9 ,joan471 ! ,div9e ,^w p]fects ! sacram5t n because x is spok51 b because x is believ$4 ,b our fai? reg>ds n only ,*ri/'s ,passion1 b also ! o!r my/]ies ( ,8 humanity1 & 9 a yet high] measure1 ,8 ,godhead4 ,!re=e x seems t ! p[] ( ! sacram5ts is n due specially to ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts are orda9$ unto man's ju/ification1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #f3aa3 ,y are wa%$ 4 4 4 y are ju/ifi$4 ,n[ ju/ification is ascrib$ to ! ,resurrection1 accord+ to ,rom4 #d3be3 7,:o7 rose aga9 = our ju/ification4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5ts d]ive _! p[] f ,*ri/'s ,resurrection r ?an f ,8 ,passion4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,rom4 #e3ad3 ,aft] ! similitude ( ! transgression ( ,adam1 etc41 ! gloss says3 ,f ! side ( ,*ri/ asleep on ! ,cross fl[$ ! sacram5ts :i* br\ght salvation to ! ,*ur*4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ! sacram5ts d]ive _! p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a7 a sacram5t 9 caus+ grace works aft] ! mann] ( an in/rum5t4 ,n[ an in/rum5t is tw(old2 ! "o1 sep>ate1 z a /ick1 = in/ance2 ! o!r1 unit$1 z a h&4 ,moreov]1 ! sep>ate in/rum5t is mov$ by means ( ! unit$ in/rum5t1 z a /ick by ! h&4 ,n[ ! pr9cipal effici5t cause ( grace is ,god ,himself1 9 comp>ison ) ,:om ,*ri/'s humanity is z a unit$ in/rum5t1 :]eas ! sacram5t is z a sep>ate in/rum5t4 ,consequ5tly1 ! sav+ p[] mu/ ne$s be d]iv$ by ! sacram5ts f ,*ri/'s ,godhead ?r\gh ,8 humanity4 ,n[ sacram5tal grace seems to be orda9$ pr9cipally to two ?+s3 namely1 to take away ! defects consequ5t on pa/ s9s1 9 s f> z !y are transitory 9 act1 b endure 9 guilt2 &1 fur!r1 to p]fect ! s\l 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ,div9e ,wor%ip 9 reg>d to ! ,*ri/ian ,religion4 ,b x is manife/ f :at has be5 /at$ above 7,q4 #dh1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b1 #f2 ,q4 #di1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c7 t ,*ri/ deliv]$ u f our s9s pr9cipally ?r\gh ,8 ,passion1 n only by way ( effici5cy & m]it1 b also by way ( satisfaction4 ,likewise by ,8 ,passion ,he inaugurat$ ! ,rites ( ! ,*ri/ian ,religion by (f]+ ,himself--an oblation & a sacrifice to ,god 7,eph4 #e3b74 ,:]e=e x is manife/ t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* d]ive _! p[] specially f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ! virtue ( :i* is 9 a mann] unit$ to u by our receiv+ ! sacram5ts4 ,x 0 9 sign ( ?is t f ! side ( ,*ri/ hang+ on ! ,cross !re fl[$ wat] & blood1 ! =m] ( :i* belongs to ,baptism1 ! latt] to ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* are ! pr9cipal sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,^w1 =asmu* z ,he 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god1 quick5s s\ls z pr9cipal ag5t2 b ,8 fle%1 & ! my/]ies accompli%$ !re91 are z in/rum5tal causes 9 ! process ( giv+ life to ! s\l3 :ile 9 giv+ life to ! body !y act n only z in/rum5tal causes1 b also to a c]ta9 ext5t z exempl>s1 z we /at$ above 7,q4 #ef1 ,a4 #a1 ad #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ dwells 9 u by fai? 7,eph4 #c3ag74 ,consequ5tly1 by fai? ,*ri/'s p[] is unit$ to u4 ,n[ ! p[] ( blott+ out s9 belongs 9 a special way to ,8 ,passion4 ,& !re=e m5 are deliv]$ f s9 especially by fai? 9 ,8 ,passion1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3be3 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 ,blood4 ,!re=e ! p[] ( ! sacram5ts :i* is orda9$ unto ! remission ( s9s is d]iv$ pr9cipally f fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,ju/ification is ascrib$ to ! ,resurrection by reason ( ! t]m :i!r1 :i* is newness ( life ?r\gh grace4 ,b x is ascrib$ to ! ,passion by reason ( ! t]m :5ce1 i4e4 9 reg>d to ! =giv5ess ( s94 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fb1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law ,caus$ ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law caus$ grace4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e1 ad #b7 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law d]ive _! efficacy f fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,b !re 0 fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion "u ! ,old ,law1 z well z "u ! ,new1 s9ce we h ! same _s ( fai? 7#b ,cor4 #d3ac74 ,!re=e j z ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law conf] grace1 s did ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 !re is no sanctification save by grace4 ,b m5 7 sanctifi$ by ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law3 = x is writt5 7,lev4 #h3ca73 ,& :5 he1 i4e4 ,moses1 _h sanctifi$ !m1 i4e4 ,a>on & 8 sons1 9 _! ve/m5ts1 etc4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law conf]r$ grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,b$e says 9 a homily on ! ,circumcision3 ,"u ! ,law circumcision provid$ ! same heal?-giv+ balm aga9/ ! w\nd ( orig9al s91 z baptism 9 ! "t ( reveal$ grace4 ,b ,baptism conf]s grace n[4 ,!re=e circumcision conf]r$ grace2 & 9 l mann]1 ! o!r sacram5ts ( ! ,law2 = j z ,baptism is ! door ( ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law1 s 0 circumcision ! door ( ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law3 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,gal4 #e3c73 ,i te/ify to e man circumcis+ himself1 t he is a debtor to ! :ole law4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,gal4 #d3i73 ,turn y aga9 to ! weak & ne$y elem5ts8 i4e4 to ! ,law1 says ! gloss1 :i* is call$ weak1 because x does n ju/ify p]fectly4 ,b grace ju/ifies p]fectly4 ,!re=e ! sacram5ts ( ! old ,law did n conf] grace4 ,i answ] t1 ,x _c be said t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law conf]r$ sanctify+ grace ( !mselves1 i4e4 by _! own p[]3 s9ce ?us ,*ri/'s ,passion w\ld n h be5 necess>y1 accord+ to ,gal4 #b3ba3 ,if ju/ice be by ! ,law1 !n ,*ri/ di$ 9 va94 ,b nei!r c x be said t !y d]iv$ ! p[] ( conf]r+ sanctify+ grace f ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= z x 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #e71 ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion is unit$ to u by fai? & ! sacram5ts1 b 9 diff]5t ways2 because ! l9k t comes f fai? is produc$ by an act ( ! s\l2 :]eas ! l9k t comes f ! sacram5ts1 is produc$ by mak+ use ( ext]ior ?+s4 ,n[ no?+ h9d]s t :i* is subsequ5t 9 po9t ( "t1 f caus+ movem5t1 ev5 be=e x exi/s 9 reality1 9 s f> z x pre-exi/s 9 an act ( ! s\l3 ?us ! end1 :i* is subsequ5t 9 po9t ( "t1 moves ! ag5t 9 s f> z x is appreh5d$ & desir$ by him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :at does n yet actually exi/1 does n cause movem5t if we consid] ! use ( ext]ior ?+s4 ,consequ5tly1 ! effici5t cause _c 9 po9t ( "t come into exi/5ce aft] caus+ movem5t1 z does ! f9al cause4 ,x is !re=e cle> t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law d reasonably d]ive ! p[] ( ju/ification f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* is ! cause ( man's righte\sness2 :]eas ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law did n4 ,nev]!less ! ,fa!rs ( old 7 ju/ifi$ by fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 j z we are4 ,& ! sacram5ts ( ! old ,law 7 a k9d ( prote/ation ( t fai?1 inasmu* z !y signifi$ ,*ri/'s ,passion & its effects4 ,x is !re=e manife/ t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law 7 n end[$ ) any p[] by :i* !y conduc$ to ! be/[al ( ju/ify+ grace3 & !y m]ely signifi$ fai? by :i* m5 7 ju/ifi$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,fa!rs ( old _h fai? 9 ! future ,passion ( ,*ri/1 :i*1 inasmu* z x 0 appreh5d$ by ! m9d1 0 able to ju/ify !m4 ,b we h fai? 9 ! pa/ ,passion ( ,*ri/1 :i* is able to ju/ify1 also by ! real use ( sacram5tal ?+s z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,t sanctification 0 b a figure3 = !y 7 said to be sanctifi$ =asmu* z !y gave !mselves up to ! ,div9e wor%ip accord+ to ! rite ( ! ,old ,law1 :i* 0 :olly orda9$ to ! =e%ad[+ ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!re h be5 _m op9ions ab\t ,circumcision4 ,=1 accord+ to "s1 ,circumcision conf]r$ no grace1 b only remitt$ s94 ,b ?is is impossible2 because man is n ju/ifi$ f s9 save by grace1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3bd3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ freely by ,8 grace4 ,:]e=e o!rs said t by ,circumcision grace is conf]r$1 z to ! privative effects ( s91 b n z to its positive effects4 ,b ?is also appe>s to be false1 because by ,circumcision1 *ildr5 receiv$ ! faculty ( obta9+ glory1 :i* is ! ultimate positive effect ( grace4 ,moreov]1 z reg>ds ! ord] ( ! =mal cause1 positive effects are naturally prior to privative effects1 ?\gh accord+ to ! ord] ( ! mat]ial cause1 ! rev]se is ! case3 = a =m does n exclude privation save by in=m+ ! subject4 ,h5ce o!rs say t ,circumcision conf]r$ grace also z reg>ds a c]ta9 positive effect1 i4e4 by mak+ man wor?y ( et]nal life1 b n s z to repress concupisc5ce :i* makes man prone to s94 ,& s at "o "t x seem$ to me4 ,b if ! matt] be consid]$ c>efully1 ?is too appe>s to be untrue2 because ! v lea/ grace is suffici5t to resi/ any degree ( concupisc5ce1 & to m]it et]nal life4 ,& !re=e x seems bett] to say t ,circumcision 0 a sign ( ju/ify+ fai?3 :]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #d3aa7 t ,abraham receiv$ ! sign ( ,circumcision1 a seal ( ! ju/ice ( fai?4 ,consequ5tly grace 0 conf]r$ 9 ,circumcision 9 s f> z x 0 a sign ( ,*ri/'s future ,passion1 z w be made cle> fur!r on 7,q4 #gj1 ,a4 #d74 ,,"q #fc ,,( ,,! ,,o!r ,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5ts1 ,,:i* ,,is ,a ,,"* 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! o!r effect ( ! sacram5ts1 :i* is a "*3 & conc]n+ ?is !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r by ! sacram5ts a "* is produc$ 9 ! s\l8 7#b7 ,:at is ?is "*8 7#c7 ,( :om is ?is "*8 7#d7 ,:at is its subject8 7#e7 ,is x indelible8 7#f7 ,:e!r e sacram5t impr9ts a "*8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fc1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r a ,sacram5t ,impr9ts a ,"* on ! ,s\l8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a sacram5t does n impr9t a "* on ! s\l4 ,= ! ^w "* seems to signify "s k9d ( di/9ctive sign4 ,b ,*ri/'s memb]s are di/+ui%$ f o!rs by et]nal pr$e/9ation1 :i* does n imply any?+ 9 ! pr$e/9$1 b only 9 ,god pr$e/9at+1 z we h /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #bc1 ,a4 #b74 ,= x is writt5 7#b ,tim4 #b3ai73 ,! sure f\ndation ( ,god /&e? firm1 hav+ ?is seal3 ,! ,"l kn[e? :o are ,84 ,!re=e ! sacram5ts d n impr9t a "* on ! s\l4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a "* is a di/9ctive sign4 ,n[ a sign1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,doctr4 ,*ri/4 ii7 is t :i* conveys some?+ else to ! m9d1 besides ! species :i* x impresses on ! s5ses4 ,b no?+ 9 ! s\l c impress a species on ! s5ses4 ,!re=e x seems t no "* is impr9t$ on ! s\l by ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z ! believ] is di/+ui%$ f ! unbeliev] by ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law1 s 0 x "u ! ,old ,law4 ,b ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law did n impr9t a "*2 :5ce !y are call$ ju/ices ( ! fle% 7,heb4 #i3aj7 by ! ,apo/le4 ,!re=e nei!r seem+ly d ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7#b ,cor4 #a3ba1 #bb73 ,he 4 4 4 t ha? ano9t$ u is ,god2 ,:o also ha? seal$ u1 & giv5 ! pl$ge ( ! _s 9 our he>ts4 ,b a "* means no?+ else ?an a k9d ( seal+4 ,!re=e x seems t by ! sacram5ts ,god impr9ts ,8 "* on u4 ,i answ] t1 ,z is cle> f :at has be5 already /at$ 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e7 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law are orda9$ = a tw(old purpose2 namely1 = a rem$y aga9/ s9s2 & = ! p]fect+ ( ! s\l 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! ,div9e wor%ip accord+ to ! rite ( ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,n[ :5ev] anyone is deput$ to "s def9ite purpose he is wont to receive "s outw>d sign !re(2 ?us 9 old5 times soldi]s :o enli/$ 9 ! ranks us$ to be m>k$ ) c]ta9 *>act]s on ! body1 ?r\gh be+ deput$ to a bodily s]vice4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 by ! sacram5ts m5 are deput$ to a spiritual s]vice p]ta9+ to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 x foll[s t by _! means ! fai?ful receive a c]ta9 spiritual "*4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,p>m54 ii73 ,if a des]t] f ! battle1 ?r\gh dread ( ! m>k ( enli/m5t on 8 body1 ?r[s himself on ! emp]or's clem5cy1 & hav+ bes\ght & receiv$ m]cy1 return to ! fight2 is t "* r5ew$1 :5 ! man has be5 set free & reprim&$8 is x n r ackn[l$g$ & approv$8 ,are ! ,*ri/ian sacram5ts1 by any *ance1 ( a nature less la/+ ?an ?is bodily m>k8 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! fai?ful ( ,*ri/ are de/9$ to ! rew>d ( ! glory t is to come1 by ! seal ( ,div9e ,pr$e/9ation4 ,b !y are deput$ to acts becom+ ! ,*ur* t is n[1 by a c]ta9 spiritual seal t is set on !m1 & is call$ a "*4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! "* impr9t$ on ! s\l is a k9d ( sign 9 s f> z x is impr9t$ by a s5sible sacram5t3 s9ce we "k t a c]ta9 "o has receiv$ ! baptismal "*1 ?r\gh 8 be+ cleans$ by ! s5sible wat]4 ,nev]!less f a k9d ( lik5ess1 any?+ t assimilates "o ?+ to ano!r1 or discrim9ates "o ?+ f ano!r1 ev5 ?\gh x be n s5sible1 c be call$ a "* or a seal2 ?us ! ,apo/le calls ,*ri/ ! figure or *>akt] ( ! sub/ance ( ! ,fa!r 7,heb4 #a3c74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #f7 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law _h n 9 !mselves any spiritual p[] ( produc+ a spiritual effect4 ,consequ5tly 9 ^? sacram5ts !re 0 no ne$ ( a spiritual "*1 & bodily circumcision suffic$1 :i* ! ,apo/le calls a seal 7,rom4 #d3aa74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fc1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r a ,"* ,is a ,spiritual ,p[]8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a "* is n a spiritual p[]4 ,= "* seems to be ! same ?+ z figure2 h5ce 7,heb4 #a3c71 :]e we read figure ( ,8 sub/ance1 = figure ! ,greek has *>akt]4 ,n[ figure is 9 ! f\r? species ( quality1 & ?us diff]s f p[] :i* is 9 ! second species4 ,!re=e "* is n a spiritual p[]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii73 ,! ,div9e ,beatitude admits him t seeks happ9ess to a %>e 9 ,itself1 & grants ?is %>e to him by conf]r+ on him ,its light z a k9d ( seal4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t a "* is a k9d ( light4 ,n[ light belongs r to ! ?ird species ( quality4 ,!re=e a "* is n a p[]1 s9ce ?is seems to belong to ! second species4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 "* is def9$ by "s ?us3 ,a "* is a holy sign ( ! communion ( fai? & ( ! holy ord9ation conf]r$ by a hi]>*4 ,n[ a sign is 9 ! g5us ( relation1 n ( p[]4 ,!re=e a "* is n a spiritual p[]4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 a p[] is 9 ! nature ( a cause & pr9ciple 7,metaph4 v74 ,b a sign :i* is set d[n 9 ! def9ition ( a "* is r 9 ! nature ( an effect4 ,!re=e a "* is n a spiritual p[]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 ii73 ,!re are ?ree ?+s 9 ! s\l1 p[]1 habit1 & passion4 ,n[ a "* is n a passion3 s9ce a passion passes quickly1 :]eas a "* is indelible1 z w be made cle> fur!r on 7,a4 #e74 ,9 l mann] x is n a habit3 because no habit is indiff]5t to act+ well or ill3 :]eas a "* is indiff]5t to ei!r1 s9ce "s use x well1 "s ill4 ,n[ ?is _c occur ) a habit3 because no "o abuses a habit ( virtue1 or uses well an evil habit4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 t a "* is a p[]4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law produce a "*1 9 s f> z by !m we are deput$ to ! wor%ip ( ,god accord+ to ! rite ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,:]e=e ,dionysius 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii71 aft] say+ t ,god by a k9d ( sign grants a %>e ( ,himself to ^? t approa* ,him1 adds by mak+ !m ,godlike & communicators ( ,div9e gifts4 ,n[ ! wor%ip ( ,god consi/s ei!r 9 receiv+ ,div9e gifts1 or 9 be/[+ !m on o!rs4 ,& = bo? ^! purposes "s p[] is ne$$2 = to be/[ some?+ on o!rs1 active p[] is necess>y2 & 9 ord] to receive1 we ne$ a passive p[]4 ,consequ5tly1 a "* signifies a c]ta9 spiritual p[] orda9$ unto ?+s p]ta9+ to ! ,div9e wor%ip4 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t ?is spiritual p[] is in/rum5tal3 z we h /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #d7 ( ! virtue :i* is 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,= to h a sacram5tal "* belongs to ,god's m9i/]s3 & a m9i/] is a k9d ( in/rum5t1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,polit4 i74 ,consequ5tly1 j z ! virtue :i* is 9 ! sacram5ts is n ( itself 9 a g5us1 b is r$ucible to a g5us1 = ! reason t x is ( a transitory & incomplete nature3 s also a "* is n prop]ly 9 a g5us or species1 b is r$ucible to ! second species ( quality4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,configuration is a c]ta9 b\nd>y ( quantity4 ,:]e=e1 prop]ly speak+1 x is only 9 corporeal ?+s2 & ( spiritual ?+s is said metaphorically4 ,n[ t :i* decides ! g5us or species ( a ?+ mu/ ne$s be pr$icat$ ( x prop]ly4 ,consequ5tly1 a "* _c be 9 ! f\r? species ( quality1 al?\gh "s h held ?is to be ! case4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ?ird species ( quality conta9s only s5sible passions or s5sible qualities4 ,n[ a "* is n a s5sible light4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n 9 ! ?ird species ( quality z "s h ma9ta9$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! relation signifi$ by ! ^w sign mu/ ne$s h "s f\ndation4 ,n[ ! relation signifi$ by ?is sign :i* is a "*1 _c be f\nd$ imm$iately on ! ess5ce ( ! s\l3 because !n x w\ld belong to e s\l naturally4 ,consequ5tly1 !re mu/ be some?+ 9 ! s\l on :i* su* a relation is f\nd$4 ,& x is 9 ?is t a "* ess5tially consi/s4 ,!re=e x ne$ n be 9 ! g5us relation z "s h held4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,a "* is 9 ! nature ( a sign 9 comp>ison to ! s5sible sacram5t by :i* x is impr9t$4 ,b consid]$ 9 itself1 x is 9 ! nature ( a pr9ciple1 9 ! way already expla9$4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fc1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,sacram5tal ,"* ,is ! ,"* ( ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5tal "* is n ! "* ( ,*ri/4 ,= x is writt5 7,eph4 #d3cj73 ,grieve n ! ,holy ,_s ( ,god1 :]eby y are seal$4 ,b a "* consi/s ess5tially 9 some?+ t seals4 ,!re=e ! sacram5tal "* %\ld be attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/ r ?an to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a "* has ! nature ( a sign4 ,& x is a sign ( ! grace t is conf]r$ by ! sacram5t4 ,n[ grace is p\r$ =? into ! s\l by ! :ole ,tr9ity2 :]e=e x is writt5 7,ps4 #hc3ab73 ,! ,"l w give grace & glory4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5tal "* %\ld n be attribut$ specially to ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a man is m>k$ ) a "* t he may be di/+ui%able f o!rs4 ,b ! sa9ts are di/+ui%able f o!rs by *>ity1 :i*1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 xv71 alone sep>ates ! *ildr5 ( ! ,k+dom f ! *ildr5 ( p]dition3 :]e=e also ! *ildr5 ( p]dition are said to h ! "* ( ! bea/ 7,apoc4 #ac3af1 #ag74 ,b *>ity is n attribut$ to ,*ri/1 b r to ! ,holy ,gho/ accord+ to ,rom4 #e3e3 ,! *>ity ( ,god is p\r$ =? 9 our he>ts1 by ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o is giv5 to u2 or ev5 to ! ,fa!r1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #ac3ac3 ,! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! *>ity ( ,god4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5tal "* %\ld n be attribut$ to ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,"s def9e "* ?us3 ,a "* is a di/9ctive m>k pr9t$ 9 a man's rational s\l by ! et]nal ,"*1 :]eby ! creat$ tr9ity is seal$ ) ! lik5ess ( ! creat+ & re-creat+ ,tr9ity1 & di/+ui%+ him f ^? :o are n s enlik5$1 accord+ to ! /ate ( fai?4 ,b ! et]nal ,"* is ,*ri/ ,himself1 accord+ to ,heb4 #a3c3 ,:o be+ ! brightness ( ,8 glory & ! figure1 or "*1 ( ,8 sub/ance4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ! "* %\ld prop]ly be attribut$ to ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z has be5 made cle> above 7,a4 #a71 a "* is prop]ly a k9d ( seal1 :]eby some?+ is m>k$1 z be+ orda9$ to "s p>ticul> end3 ?us a co9 is m>k$ = use 9 ex*ange ( goods1 & soldi]s are m>k$ ) a "* z be+ deput$ to milit>y s]vice4 ,n[ ! fai?ful are deput$ to a tw(old end4 ,fir/ & pr9cipally to ! enjoym5t ( glory4 ,& = ?is purpose !y are m>k$ ) ! seal ( grace accord+ to ,eze*4 #i3d3 ,m>k ,?\ ^u ! =eheads ( ! m5 t sigh & m\rn2 & ,apoc4 #g3c3 ,hurt n ! e>?1 nor ! sea1 nor ! trees1 till we sign ! s]vants ( our ,god 9 _! =eheads4 ,secondly1 ea* ( ! fai?ful is deput$ to receive1 or to be/[ on o!rs1 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,& ?is1 prop]ly speak+1 is ! purpose ( ! sacram5tal "*4 ,n[ ! :ole rite ( ! ,*ri/ian religion is d]iv$ f ,*ri/'s prie/hood4 ,consequ5tly1 x is cle> t ! sacram5tal "* is specially ! "* ( ,*ri/1 to ,^: "* ! fai?ful are lik5$ by reason ( ! sacram5tal *>act]s1 :i* are no?+ else ?an c]ta9 p>ticipations ( ,*ri/'s ,prie/hood1 fl[+ f ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,apo/le speaks !re ( t seal+ by :i* a man is assign$ to future glory1 & :i* is effect$ by grace4 ,n[ grace is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,gho/1 inasmu* z x is ?r\gh love t ,god gives u some?+ gratis1 :i* is ! v nature ( grace3 :ile ! ,holy ,gho/ is love4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ab3d73 ,!re are div]sities ( graces1 b ! same ,_s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! sacram5tal "* is a ?+ z reg>ds ! ext]ior sacram5t1 & a sacram5t 9 reg>d to ! ultimate effect4 ,consequ5tly1 some?+ c be attribut$ to a "* 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 if ! "* be consid]$ z a sacram5t3 & ?us x is a sign ( ! invisible grace :i* is conf]r$ 9 ! sacram5t4 ,secondly1 if x be consid]$ z a "*4 ,& ?us x is a sign conf]r+ on a man a lik5ess to "s pr9cipal p]son 9 :om is ve/$ ! au?ority ov] t to :i* he is assign$3 ?us soldi]s :o are assign$ to milit>y s]vice1 are m>k$ ) _! lead]'s sign1 by :i* !y are1 9 a fa%ion1 lik5$ to him4 ,& 9 ?is way ^? :o are deput$ to ! ,*ri/ian wor%ip1 ( :i* ,*ri/ is ! au?or1 receive a "* by :i* !y are lik5$ to ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly1 prop]ly speak+1 ?is is ,*ri/'s "*4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a "* di/+ui%es "o f ano!r1 9 relation to "s p>ticul> end1 to :i* he1 :o receives ! "* is orda9$3 z has be5 /at$ conc]n+ ! milit>y "* 7,a4 #a7 by :i* a soldi] ( ! k+ is di/+ui%$ f ! enemy's soldi] 9 relation to ! battle4 ,9 l mann] ! "* ( ! fai?ful is t by :i* ! fai?ful ( ,*ri/ are di/+ui%$ f ! s]vants ( ! devil1 ei!r 9 relation to et]nal life1 or 9 relation to ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* t n[ is4 ,( ^! ! =m] is ! result ( *>ity & grace1 z ! objection runs2 :ile ! latt] results f ! sacram5tal "*4 ,:]e=e ! "* ( ! bea/ may be und]/ood by opposition1 to mean ei!r ! ob/9ate malice = :i* "s are assign$ to et]nal puni%m5t1 or ! pr(ession ( an unlawful =m ( wor%ip4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fc1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,"* ,be ,subject$ 9 ! ,p[]s ( ! ,s\l8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! "* is n subject$ 9 ! p[]s ( ! s\l4 ,= a "* is said to be a disposition to grace4 ,b grace is subject$ 9 ! ess5ce ( ! s\l z we h /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #d74 ,!re=e x seems t ! "* is 9 ! ess5ce ( ! s\l & n 9 ! p[]s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a p[] ( ! s\l does n seem to be ! subject ( any?+ save habit & disposition4 ,b a "*1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 is nei!r habit nor disposition1 b r a p[]3 ! subject ( :i* is no?+ else ?an ! ess5ce ( ! s\l4 ,!re=e x seems t ! "* is n subject$ 9 a p[] ( ! s\l1 b r 9 its ess5ce4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! p[]s ( ! s\l are divid$ into ^? ( k & ^? ( appetite4 ,b x _c be said t a "* is only 9 a cognitive p[]1 nor1 aga91 only 9 an appetitive p[]3 s9ce x is nei!r orda9$ to k only1 nor to desire only4 ,likewise1 nei!r c x be said to be 9 bo?1 because ! same accid5t _c be 9 sev]al subjects4 ,!re=e x seems t a "* is n subject$ 9 a p[] ( ! s\l1 b r 9 ! ess5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,a "*1 accord+ to its def9ition giv5 above 7,a4 #c71 is impr9t$ 9 ! rational s\l by way ( an image4 ,b ! image ( ! ,tr9ity 9 ! s\l is se5 9 ! p[]s4 ,!re=e a "* is 9 ! p[]s ( ! s\l4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #c71 a "* is a k9d ( seal by :i* ! s\l is m>k$1 s t x may receive1 or be/[ on o!rs1 ?+s p]ta9+ to ,div9e wor%ip4 ,n[ ! ,div9e wor%ip consi/s 9 c]ta9 actions3 & ! p[]s ( ! s\l are prop]ly orda9$ to actions1 j z ! ess5ce is orda9$ to exi/5ce4 ,!re=e a "* is subject$ n 9 ! ess5ce ( ! s\l1 b 9 its p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! subject is ascrib$ to an accid5t 9 respect ( t to :i* ! accid5t disposes x proximately1 b n 9 respect ( t to :i* x disposes x remotely or indirectly4 ,n[ a "* disposes ! s\l directly & proximately to ! fulfill+ ( ?+s p]ta9+ to ,div9e wor%ip3 & because su* _c be accompli%$ suitably )\t ! help ( grace1 s9ce1 accord+ to ,john #d3bd1 !y t adore ,god mu/ adore ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?1 consequ5tly1 ! ,div9e b\nty be/[s grace on ^? :o receive ! "*1 s t !y may accompli% wor?ily ! s]vice to :i* !y are deput$4 ,!re=e ! subject %\ld be ascrib$ to a "* 9 respect ( ^? actions t p]ta9 to ! ,div9e wor%ip1 r ?an 9 respect ( grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ess5ce ( ! s\l is ! subject ( ! natural p[]1 :i* fl[s f ! pr9ciples ( ! ess5ce4 ,n[ a "* is n a p[] ( ?is k9d1 b a spiritual p[] com+ f )\t4 ,:]e=e1 j z ! ess5ce ( ! s\l1 f :i* man has 8 natural life1 is p]fect$ by grace f :i* ! s\l d]ives spiritual life2 s ! natural p[] ( ! s\l is p]fect$ by a spiritual p[]1 :i* is a "*4 ,= habit & disposition belong to a p[] ( ! s\l1 s9ce !y are orda9$ to actions ( :i* ! p[]s are ! pr9ciples4 ,& 9 l mann] :atev] is orda9$ to action1 %\ld be attribut$ to a p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above1 a "* is orda9$ unto ?+s p]ta9+ to ! ,div9e wor%ip2 :i* is a prote/ation ( fai? express$ by ext]ior signs4 ,consequ5tly1 a "* ne$s to be 9 ! s\l's cognitive p[]1 :]e also is fai?4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fc1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r a ,"* ,c ,be ,blott$ ,out f ! ,s\l8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a "* c be blott$ out f ! s\l4 ,because ! m p]fect an accid5t is1 ! m firmly does x adh]e to its subject4 ,b grace is m p]fect ?an a "*2 because a "* is orda9$ unto grace z to a fur!r end4 ,n[ grace is lo/ ?r\gh s94 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 is a "* s lo/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by a "* a man is deput$ to ! ,div9e wor%ip1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,b "s pass f ! wor%ip ( ,god to a contr>y wor%ip by apo/asy f ! fai?4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t su* lose ! sacram5tal "*4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :5 ! end ceases1 ! means to ! end %\ld cease also3 ?us aft] ! resurrection !re w be no m>riage1 because begett+ w cease1 :i* is ! purpose ( m>riage4 ,n[ ! ext]ior wor%ip to :i* a "* is orda9$1 w n endure 9 heav51 :]e !re w be no %ad[s1 b all w be tru? )\t a veil4 ,!re=e ! sacram5tal "* does n la/ 9 ! s\l = ev]3 & consequ5tly x c be blott$ out4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,p>m54 ii73 ,! ,*ri/ian sacram5ts are n less la/+ ?an ! bodily m>k ( milit>y s]vice4 ,b ! "* ( milit>y s]vice is n repeat$1 b is recogniz$ & approv$ 9 ! man :o obta9s ! emp]or's =giv5ess aft] (f5d+ him4 ,!re=e nei!r c ! sacram5tal "* be blott$ out4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #c71 9 a sacram5tal "* ,*ri/'s fai?ful h a %>e 9 ,8 ,prie/hood2 9 ! s5se t z ,*ri/ has ! full p[] ( a spiritual prie/hood1 s ,8 fai?ful are lik5$ to ,him by %>+ a c]ta9 spiritual p[] ) reg>d to ! sacram5ts & to ?+s p]ta9+ to ! ,div9e wor%ip4 ,= ?is reason x is unbecom+ t ,*ri/ %\ld h a "*3 b ,8 ,prie/hood is comp>$ to a "*1 z t :i* is complete & p]fect is comp>$ to "s p>ticipation ( itself4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s ,prie/hood is et]nal1 accord+ to ,ps4 #aji3d3 ,?\ art a prie/ = ev]1 accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*4 ,consequ5tly1 e sanctification wr\ght by ,8 ,prie/hood1 is p]petual1 endur+ z long z ! ?+ sanctifi$ endures4 ,?is is cle> ev5 9 inanimate ?+s2 = ! consecration ( a *ur* or an alt> la/s = ev] unless !y be de/roy$4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! subject ( a "* is ! s\l z to its intellective "p1 :]e fai? resides1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d1 ad #c72 x is cle> t1 ! intellect be+ p]petual & incorruptible1 a "* _c be blott$ out f ! s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,bo? grace & "* are 9 ! s\l1 b 9 diff]5t ways4 ,= grace is 9 ! s\l1 z a =m hav+ complete exi/5ce !re93 :]eas a "* is 9 ! s\l1 z an in/rum5tal p[]1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,n[ a complete =m is 9 its subject accord+ to ! condition ( ! subject4 ,& s9ce ! s\l z long z x is a wayf>] is *angeable 9 respect ( ! free-w1 x results t grace is 9 ! s\l 9 a *angeable mann]4 ,b an in/rum5tal p[] foll[s r ! condition ( ! pr9cipal ag5t3 & consequ5tly a "* exi/s 9 ! s\l 9 an indelible mann]1 n f any p]fection ( its own1 b f ! p]fection ( ,*ri/'s ,prie/hood1 f :i* ! "* fl[s l an in/rum5tal p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,p>m54 ii71 ev5 apo/ates are n depriv$ ( _! baptism1 = :5 !y rep5t & return to ! fold !y d n receive x aga92 :5ce we conclude t x _c be lo/4 ,! reason ( ?is is t a "* is an in/rum5tal p[]1 z /at$ above 7ad #a71 & ! nature ( an in/rum5t z su* is to be mov$ by ano!r1 b n to move itself2 ?is belongs to ! w4 ,consequ5tly1 h[ev] mu* ! w be mov$ 9 ! contr>y direction1 ! "* is n remov$1 by reason ( ! immobility ( ! pr9cipal mov]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ext]nal wor%ip does n la/ aft] ?is life1 yet its end rema9s4 ,consequ5tly1 aft] ?is life ! "* rema9s1 bo? 9 ! good z add+ to _! glory1 & 9 ! wick$ z increas+ _! %ame3 j z ! "* ( ! milit>y s]vice rema9s 9 ! soldi]s aft] ! victory1 z ! boa/ ( ! conqu]ors1 & ! disgrace ( ! conqu]$4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fc1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r a ,"* ,is ,impr9t$ by ,ea* ,sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a "* is impr9t$ by all ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law3 because ea* sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law makes man a p>ticipator 9 ,*ri/'s ,prie/hood4 ,b ! sacram5tal "* is no?+ b a p>ticipation 9 ,*ri/'s ,prie/hood1 z already /at$ 7,,aa4 #c1 #e74 ,!re=e x seems t a "* is impr9t$ by ea* sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a "* may be comp>$ to ! s\l 9 :i* x is1 z a consecration to t :i* is consecrat$4 ,b by ea* sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law man becomes ! recipi5t ( sanctify+ grace1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e x seems t a "* is impr9t$ by ea* sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a "* is bo? a reality & a sacram5t4 ,b 9 ea* sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law1 !re is some?+ :i* is only a reality1 & some?+ :i* is only a sacram5t1 & some?+ :i* is bo? reality & sacram5t4 ,!re=e a "* is impr9t$ by ea* sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,^? sacram5ts 9 :i* a "* is impr9t$1 are n reit]at$1 because a "* is indelible1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e73 :]eas "s sacram5ts are reit]at$1 = in/ance1 p5ance & matrimony4 ,!re=e n all ! sacram5ts impr9t a "*4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,,aa4 #a1 #e71 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law are orda9$ = a tw(old purpose1 namely1 z a rem$y = s91 & = ! ,div9e wor%ip4 ,n[ all ! sacram5ts1 f ! fact t !y conf] grace1 h ?is 9 common1 t !y af=d a rem$y aga9/ s93 :]eas n all ! sacram5ts are directly orda9$ to ! ,div9e wor%ip4 ,?us x is cle> t p5ance1 :]eby man is deliv]$ f s91 does n af=d man any advance 9 ! ,div9e wor%ip1 b re/ores him to 8 =m] /ate4 ,n[ a sacram5t may belong to ! ,div9e wor%ip 9 ?ree ways3 fir/ 9 reg>d to ! ?+ done2 secondly1 9 reg>d to ! ag5t2 ?irdly1 9 reg>d to ! recipi5t4 ,9 reg>d to ! ?+ done1 ! ,eu*>i/ belongs to ! ,div9e wor%ip1 = ! ,div9e wor%ip consi/s pr9cipally !re91 s f> z x is ! sacrifice ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& by ?is same sacram5t a "* is n impr9t$ on man2 because x does n orda9 man to any fur!r sacram5tal action or b5efit receiv$1 s9ce r is x ! end & consummation ( all ! sacram5ts1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii74 ,b x conta9s )9 itself ,*ri/1 9 ,:om !re is n ! "*1 b ! v pl5itude ( ! ,prie/hood4 ,b x is ! sacram5t ( ord] t p]ta9s to ! sacram5tal ag5ts3 = x is by ?is sacram5t t m5 are deput$ to conf] sacram5ts on o!rs3 :ile ! sacram5t ( ,baptism p]ta9s to ! recipi5ts1 s9ce x conf]s on man ! p[] to receive ! o!r sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*2 :5ce x is call$ ! door ( ! sacram5ts4 ,9 a way ,confirmation also is orda9$ = ! same purpose1 z we %all expla9 9 its prop] place 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #c74 ,consequ5tly1 ^! ?ree sacram5ts impr9t a "*1 namely1 ,baptism1 ,confirmation1 & ord]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,e sacram5t makes man a p>ticipator 9 ,*ri/'s ,prie/hood1 f ! fact t x conf]s on him "s effect !re(4 ,b e sacram5t does n depute a man to d or receive some?+ p]ta9+ to ! wor%ip ( ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/3 :ile x is j ?is t is requir$ = a sacram5t to impr9t a "*4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,man is sanctifi$ by ea* ( ! sacram5ts1 s9ce sanctity means immunity f s91 :i* is ! effect ( grace4 ,b 9 a special way "s sacram5ts1 :i* impr9t a "*1 be/[ on man a c]ta9 consecration1 ?us deput+ him to ! ,div9e wor%ip3 j z inanimate ?+s are said to be consecrat$ =asmu* z !y are deput$ to ,div9e wor%ip4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh a "* is a reality & a sacram5t1 x does n foll[ t :atev] is a reality & a sacram5t1 is also a "*4 ,) reg>d to ! o!r sacram5ts we %all expla9 fur!r on :at is ! reality & :at is ! sacram5t4 ,,"q #fd ,,( ,,! ,,causes ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5ts 7,9 ,t5 ,articles7 ,9 ! next place we h to consid] ! causes ( ! sacram5ts1 bo? z to au?or%ip & z to m9i/ration4 ,conc]n+ :i* !re are t5 po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,god alone works inw>dly 9 ! sacram5ts8 7#b7 ,:e!r ! in/itution ( ! sacram5ts is f ,god alone8 7#c7 ,( ! p[] :i* ,*ri/ ex]cis$ ov] ! sacram5ts2 7#d7 ,:e!r ,he c\ld transmit t p[] to o!rs8 7#e7 ,:e!r ! wick$ c h ! p[] ( adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts8 7#f7 ,:e!r ! wick$ s9 9 adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts8 7#g7 ,:e!r ! angels c be m9i/]s ( ! sacram5ts8 7#h7 ,:e!r ! m9i/]'s int5tion is necess>y 9 ! sacram5ts8 7#i7 ,:e!r "r fai? is requir$ !re92 s t x be impossible = an unbeliev] to conf] a sacram5t8 7#aj7 ,:e!r a "r int5tion is requir$ !re98 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,god ,alone1 or ! ,m9i/] ,also1 ,works ,inw>dly ,unto ! ,sacram5tal ,effect8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t n ,god alone1 b also ! m9i/]1 works inw>dly unto ! sacram5tal effect4 ,= ! inw>d sacram5tal effect is to cleanse man f s9 & enlight5 him by grace4 ,b x belongs to ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* to cleanse1 enlight5 & p]fect1 z ,dionysius expla9s 7,coel4 ,hi]4 v74 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5tal effect is ! "w n only ( ,god1 b also ( ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 c]ta9 pray]s are (f]$ up 9 conf]r+ ! sacram5ts4 ,b ! pray]s ( ! righte\s are m acceptable to ,god ?an ^? ( any o!r1 accord+ to ,john #i3ca3 ,if a man be a s]v] ( ,god1 & do? ,8 w1 him ,he he>e?4 ,!re=e x /ems t a man obta9s a great] sacram5tal effect if he receive x f a good m9i/]4 ,consequ5tly1 ! int]ior effect is p>tly ! "w ( ! m9i/] & n ( ,god alone4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 man is ( great] acc\nt ?an an inanimate ?+4 ,b an inanimate ?+ contributes some?+ to ! int]ior effect3 s9ce wat] t\*es ! body & cleanses ! s\l1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx 9 ,joan474 ,!re=e ! int]ior sacram5tal effect is p>tly ! "w ( man & n ( ,god alone4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,rom4 #h3cc73 ,god t ju/ifie?4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! inw>d effect ( all ! sacram5ts is ju/ification1 x seems t ,god alone works ! int]ior sacram5tal effect4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re are two ways ( produc+ an effect2 fir/1 z a pr9cipal ag5t2 secondly1 z an in/rum5t4 ,9 ! =m] way ! int]ior sacram5tal effect is ! "w ( ,god alone3 fir/1 because ,god alone c ent] ! s\l :]e9 ! sacram5tal effect takes place2 & no ag5t c op]ate imm$iately :]e x is n3 secondly1 because grace :i* is an int]ior sacram5tal effect is f ,god alone1 z we h e/abli%$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aab1 ,a4 #a72 :ile ! "* :i* is ! int]ior effect ( c]ta9 sacram5ts1 is an in/rum5tal p[] :i* fl[s f ! pr9cipal ag5t1 :i* is ,god4 ,9 ! second way1 h[ev]1 ! int]ior sacram5tal effect c be ! "w ( man1 9 s f> z he works z a m9i/]4 ,= a m9i/] is ( ! nature ( an in/rum5t1 s9ce ! action ( bo? is appli$ to some?+ extr9sic1 :ile ! int]ior effect is produc$ ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! pr9cipal ag5t1 :i* is ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,cleans+ 9 s f> z x is attribut$ to ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* is n a wa%+ f s93 deacons are said to cleanse1 inasmu* z !y remove ! unclean f ! body ( ! fai?ful1 or prep>e !m by _! pi\s admonitions = ! reception ( ! sacram5ts4 ,9 l mann] also prie/s are said to enlight5 ,god's p1 n inde$ by giv+ !m grace1 b by conf]r+ on !m ! sacram5ts ( grace2 z ,dionysius expla9s 7,coel4 ,hi]4 v74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! pray]s :i* are said 9 giv+ ! sacram5ts1 are (f]$ to ,god1 n on ! "p ( ! individual1 b on ! "p ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 ^: pray]s are acceptable to ,god1 accord+ to ,matt4 #ah3ai3 ,if two ( y %all cons5t ^u e>?1 conc]n+ any?+ :atsoev] !y %all ask1 x %all be done to !m by ,my ,fa!r4 ,nor is !re any reason :y ! devotion ( a j man %\ld n contribute to ?is effect4 ,b t :i* is ! sacram5tal effect is n impetrat$ by ! pray] ( ! ,*ur* or ( ! m9i/]1 b ?r\gh ! m]it ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ! p[] ( :i* op]ates 9 ! sacram5ts1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e74 ,:]e=e ! sacram5tal effect is made no bett] by a bett] m9i/]4 ,& yet some?+ 9 addition may be impetrat$ = ! receiv] ( ! sacram5t ?r\gh ! devotion ( ! m9i/]3 b ?is is n ! "w ( ! m9i/]1 b ! "w ( ,god ,:o he>s ! m9i/]'s pray]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,inanimate ?+s d n produce ! sacram5tal effect1 except in/rum5tally1 z /at$ above4 ,9 l mann] nei!r d m5 produce ! sacram5tal effect1 except m9i/]ially1 z also /at$ above4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,sacram5ts ,are ,in/itut$ by ,god ,alone8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5ts are n in/itut$ by ,god alone4 ,= ^? ?+s :i* ,god has in/itut$ are deliv]$ to u 9 ,holy ,scripture4 ,b 9 ! sacram5ts c]ta9 ?+s are done :i* are n[h]e m5tion$ 9 ,holy ,scripture2 = in/ance1 ! *rism ) :i* m5 are confirm$1 ! oil ) :i* prie/s are ano9t$1 & _m o!rs1 bo? words & actions1 :i* we employ 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,!re=e ! sacram5ts 7 n in/itut$ by ,god alone4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a sacram5t is a k9d ( sign4 ,n[ s5sible ?+s h _! own natural signification4 ,nor c x be said t ,god takes pleasure 9 c]ta9 significations & n 9 o!rs2 because ,he approves ( all t ,he made4 ,moreov]1 x seems to be peculi> to ! demons to be entic$ to some?+ by means ( signs2 = ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xxi73 ,! demons are entic$ 4 4 4 by means ( creatures1 :i* 7 creat$ n by !m b by ,god1 by v>i\s means ( attraction accord+ to _! v>i\s natures1 n z an animal is entic$ by food1 b z a _s is drawn by a sign4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t !re is no ne$ = ! sacram5ts to be in/itut$ by ,god4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! apo/les 7 ,god's viceg]5ts on e>?3 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#b ,cor4 #b3aj73 ,= :at ,i h p>don$1 if ,i h p>don$ any?+1 = y\r sakes h ,i done x 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 i4e4 z ?\gh ,*ri/ ,himself _h p>don$4 ,!re=e x seems t ! apo/les & _! successors c in/itute new sacram5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! in/itutor ( any?+ is he :o gives x /r5g? & p[]3 z 9 ! case ( ^? :o in/itute laws4 ,b ! p[] ( a sacram5t is f ,god alone1 z we h %[n above 7,a4 #a2 ,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e ,god alone c in/itute a sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,z appe>s f :at has be5 said above 7,a4 #a2 ,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a71 ! sacram5ts are in/rum5tal causes ( spiritual effects4 ,n[ an in/rum5t has its p[] f ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,b an ag5t 9 respect ( a sacram5t is tw(old2 viz4 he :o in/itutes ! sacram5ts1 & he :o makes use ( ! sacram5t in/itut$1 by apply+ x = ! production ( ! effect4 ,n[ ! p[] ( a sacram5t _c be f him :o makes use ( ! sacram5t3 because he works b z a m9i/]4 ,consequ5tly1 x foll[s t ! p[] ( ! sacram5t is f ! in/itutor ( ! sacram5t4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! p[] ( ! sacram5t is f ,god alone1 x foll[s t ,god alone c in/itute ! sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,human in/itutions obs]v$ 9 ! sacram5ts are n ess5tial to ! sacram5t2 b belong to ! solemnity :i* is add$ to ! sacram5ts 9 ord] to ar\se devotion & rev]5ce 9 ! recipi5ts4 ,b ^? ?+s t are ess5tial to ! sacram5t1 are in/itut$ by ,*ri/ ,himself1 ,:o is ,god & man4 ,& ?\gh !y are n all h&$ d[n by ! ,scriptures1 yet ! ,*ur* holds !m f ! intimate tradition ( ! apo/les1 accord+ to ! say+ ( ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #aa3cd73 ,! re/ ,i w set 9 ord] :5 ,i come4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,f _! v nature s5sible ?+s h a c]ta9 aptitude = ! signify+ ( spiritual effects3 b ?is aptitude is fix$ by ! ,div9e in/itution to "s special signification4 ,?is is :at ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor means by say+ 7,de ,sacram4 i7 t a sacram5t owes its signification to its in/itution4 ,yet ,god *ooses c]ta9 ?+s r ?an o!rs = sacram5tal signification1 n z ?\gh ,8 *oice 7 re/rict$ to !m1 b 9 ord] t _! signification be m suitable to !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! apo/les & _! successors are ,god's vic>s 9 gov]n+ ! ,*ur* :i* is built on fai? & ! sacram5ts ( fai?4 ,:]e=e1 j z !y may n in/itute ano!r ,*ur*1 s nei!r may !y deliv] ano!r fai?1 nor in/itute o!r sacram5ts3 on ! contr>y1 ! ,*ur* is said to be built up ) ! sacram5ts :i* fl[$ f ! side ( ,*ri/ :ile hang+ on ! ,cross4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,z ,man ,_h ! ,p[] ( ,produc+ ! ,inw>d ,sacram5tal ,effect8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ z man _h ! p[] ( produc+ ! int]ior sacram5tal effect4 ,= ,john ! ,bapti/ said 7,john #a3cc73 ,he1 ,:o s5t me to baptize 9 wat]1 said to me3 ,he ^u ,:om ?\ %alt see ! ,_s desc5d+ & rema9+ ^u ,him1 ,he x is t baptize? ) ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b to baptize ) ! ,holy ,gho/ is to conf] inw>dly ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ ^u ,*ri/ z man1 n z ,god3 = ?us ,he ,himself gives ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/1 z man1 _h ! p[] ( produc+ ! inw>d sacram5tal effect4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l said 7,matt4 #i3f73 ,t y may "k t ! ,son ( ,man ha? p[] on e>? to =give s9s4 ,b =giv5ess ( s9s is an inw>d sacram5tal effect4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ z man produces ! inw>d sacram5tal effect4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! in/itution ( ! sacram5ts belongs to him :o acts z pr9cipal ag5t 9 produc+ ! inw>d sacram5tal effect4 ,n[ x is cle> t ,*ri/ in/itut$ ! sacram5ts4 ,!re=e x is ,he t produces ! inw>d sacram5tal effect4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 no "o c conf] ! sacram5tal effect )\t conf]r+ ! sacram5t1 except he produce ! sacram5tal effect by 8 own p[]4 ,b ,*ri/ conf]r$ ! sacram5tal effect )\t conf]r+ ! sacram5t2 z 9 ! case ( ,magdal5 to :om ,he said3 ,?y s9s are =giv5 ,!e 7,luke #g3dh74 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/1 z man1 produces ! inw>d sacram5tal effect4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 ! pr9cipal ag5t 9 caus+ ! inw>d effect is t 9 virtue ( :i* ! sacram5t op]ates4 ,b ! sacram5ts d]ive _! p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion & ?r\gh ! invocation ( ,8 ,"n2 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #a3ac3 ,0 ,paul !n crucifi$ = y8 or 7 y baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,paul8 ,!re=e ,*ri/1 z man1 produces ! inw>d sacram5tal effect4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 7,isidore1 ,etym4 vi7 says3 ,! ,div9e p[] 9 ! sacram5ts works inw>dly 9 produc+ _! salut>y effect4 ,n[ ! ,div9e p[] is ,*ri/'s z ,god1 n z man4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ produces ! inw>d sacram5tal effect1 n z man b z ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ produces ! inw>d sacram5tal effect1 bo? z ,god & z man1 b n 9 ! same way4 ,=1 z ,god1 ,he works 9 ! sacram5ts by au?ority3 b1 z man1 ,8 op]ation conduces to ! inw>d sacram5tal effects m]itori\sly & effici5tly1 b in/rum5tally4 ,= x has be5 /at$ 7,q4 #dh1 ,,aa4 #a1 #f2 ,q4 #di1 ,a4 #a7 t ,*ri/'s ,passion :i* belongs to ,him 9 respect ( ,8 human nature1 is ! cause ( ju/ification1 bo? m]itori\sly & effici5tly1 n z ! pr9cipal cause !re(1 or by ,8 own au?ority1 b z an in/rum5t1 9 s f> z ,8 humanity is ! in/rum5t ( ,8 ,godhead1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ac1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c2 ,q4 #ai1 ,a4 #a74 ,nev]!less1 s9ce x is an in/rum5t unit$ to ! ,godhead 9 unity ( ,p]son1 x has a c]ta9 head%ip & effici5cy 9 reg>d to extr9sic in/rum5ts1 :i* are ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* & ! sacram5ts !mselves1 z has be5 expla9$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,consequ5tly1 j z ,*ri/1 z ,god1 has p[] ( au?ority ov] ! sacram5ts1 s1 z man1 ,he has ! p[] ( m9i/ry 9 *ief1 or p[] ( excell5ce4 ,& ?is consi/s 9 f\r ?+s4 ,fir/ 9 ?is1 t ! m]it & p[] ( ,8 ,passion op]ates 9 ! sacram5ts1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e74 ,& because ! p[] ( ! ,passion is communicat$ to u by fai?1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3be3 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood1 :i* fai? we proclaim by call+ on ! "n ( ,*ri/3 !re=e1 secondly1 ,*ri/'s p[] ( excell5ce ov] ! sacram5ts consi/s 9 ?is1 t !y are sanctifi$ by ! invocation ( ,8 "n4 ,& because ! sacram5ts d]ive _! p[] f _! in/itution1 h5ce1 ?irdly1 ! excell5ce ( ,*ri/'s p[] consi/s 9 ?is1 t ,he1 ,:o gave !m _! p[]1 c\ld in/itute ! sacram5ts4 ,& s9ce cause does n dep5d on effect1 b r conv]sely1 x belongs to ! excell5ce ( ,*ri/'s p[]1 t ,he c\ld be/[ ! sacram5tal effect )\t conf]r+ ! ext]ior sacram5t4 ,?us x is cle> h[ to solve ! objections2 = ! argum5ts on ei!r side are true to a c]ta9 ext5t1 z expla9$ above4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,c\ld ,communicate to ,m9i/]s ! ,p[] ,:i* ,he ,_h 9 ! ,sacram5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ c\ld n communicate to m9i/]s ! p[] :i* ,he _h 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,= z ,augu/9e argues aga9/ ,maxim91 if ,he c\ld1 b w\ld n1 ,he 0 jeal\s ( ,8 p[]4 ,b jeal\sy 0 f> f ,*ri/ ,:o _h ! fulness ( *>ity4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ did n communicate ,8 p[] to m9i/]s1 x seems t ,he c\ld n4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 on ,john #ad3ab3 ,great] ?an ^! %all he d1 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxii73 ,i affirm ?is to be altoge!r great]1 namely1 = a man f be+ ungodly to be made righte\s1 ?an to create heav5 & e>?4 ,b ,*ri/ c\ld n communicate to ,8 disciples ! p[] ( creat+ heav5 & e>?3 nei!r1 !re=e1 c\ld ,he give !m ! p[] ( mak+ ! ungodly to be righte\s4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! ju/ification ( ! ungodly is effect$ by ! p[] t ,*ri/ has 9 ! sacram5ts1 x seems t ,he c\ld n communicate t p[] to m9i/]s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x belongs to ,*ri/ z ,head ( ! ,*ur* t grace %\ld fl[ f ,him to o!rs1 accord+ to ,john #a3af3 ,( ,8 fulness we all h receiv$4 ,b ?is c\ld n be communicat$ to o!rs2 s9ce !n ! ,*ur* w\ld be de=m$1 hav+ _m heads4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/ c\ld n communicate ,8 p[] to m9i/]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,john #a3ca3 ,i knew ,him n1 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 v7 t he did n "k t our ,"l hav+ ! au?ority ( baptiz+ 4 4 4 w\ld keep x to ,himself4 ,b ,john w\ld n h be5 9 ignorance ( ?is1 if su* a p[] 7 incommunicable4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ c\ld communicate ,8 p[] to m9i/]s4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #c71 ,*ri/ _h a tw(old p[] 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,"o 0 ! p[] ( au?ority1 :i* belongs to ,him z ,god3 & ?is p[] ,he c\ld n communicate to any creature2 j z nei!r c\ld ,he communicate ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,! o!r 0 ! p[] ( excell5ce1 :i* belongs to ,him z man4 ,?is p[] ,he c\ld communicate to m9i/]s2 namely1 by giv+ !m su* a fulness ( grace--t _! m]its w\ld conduce to ! sacram5tal effect--t by ! invocation ( _! names1 ! sacram5ts w\ld be sanctifi$--& t !y !mselves might in/itute sacram5ts1 & by _! m]e w conf] ! sacram5tal effect )\t obs]v+ ! sacram5tal rite4 ,= a unit$ in/rum5t1 ! m p[]ful x is1 is all ! m able to l5d its p[] to ! sep>at$ in/rum5t2 z ! h& c to a /ick4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x 0 n ?r\gh jeal\sy t ,*ri/ refra9$ f communicat+ to m9i/]s ,8 p[] ( excell5ce1 b = ! good ( ! fai?ful2 le/ !y %\ld put _! tru/ 9 m51 & le/ !re %\ld be v>i\s k9ds ( sacram5ts1 giv+ rise to division 9 ! ,*ur*2 z may be se5 9 ^? :o said3 ,i am ( ,paul1 ,i am ( ,apollo1 & ,i ( ,cephas 7#a ,cor4 #a3ab74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is objection is true ( ! p[] ( au?ority1 :i* belongs to ,*ri/ z ,god4 ,at ! same "t ! p[] ( excell5ce c be call$ au?ority 9 comp>ison to o!r m9i/]s4 ,:5ce on #a ,cor4 #a3ac3 ,is ,*ri/ divid$8 ! gloss says t ,he c\ld give p[] ( au?ority 9 baptiz+1 to ^? to :om ,he gave ! p[] ( adm9i/]+ x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x 0 9 ord] to avoid ! incongruity ( _m heads 9 ! ,*ur*1 t ,*ri/ 0 unwill+ to communicate to m9i/]s ,8 p[] ( excell5ce4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,he _h done s1 ,he w\ld h be5 ,head 9 *ief2 ! o!rs 9 subjection to ,him4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,sacram5ts ,c ,be ,conf]r$ by ,evil ,m9i/]s8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5ts _c be conf]r$ by evil m9i/]s4 ,= ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law are orda9$ = ! purpose ( cleans+ f s9 & = ! be/[al ( grace4 ,n[ evil m51 be+ !mselves unclean1 _c cleanse o!rs f s91 accord+ to ,ecclus4 #cd3d3 ,:o ,vulg43 ',:at' c be made clean by ! unclean8 ,moreov]1 s9ce !y h n grace1 x seems t !y _c give grace1 = no "o gives :at he has n4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ! sacram5ts _c be conf]r$ by wick$ m54 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 all ! p[] ( ! sacram5ts is d]iv$ f ,*ri/1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c2 ,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e74 ,b evil m5 are cut (f f ,*ri/3 because !y h n *>ity1 by :i* ! memb]s are unit$ to _! ,head1 accord+ to #a ,john #d3af3 ,he t abide? 9 *>ity1 abide? 9 ,god1 & ,god 9 him4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5ts _c be conf]r$ by evil m54 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if any?+ is want+ t is requir$ = ! sacram5ts1 ! sacram5t is invalid2 = in/ance1 if ! requir$ matt] or =m be want+4 ,b ! m9i/] requir$ = a sacram5t is "o :o is )\t ! /a9 ( s91 accord+ to ,lev4 #ba3ag1 #ah3 ,:osoev] ( ?y se$ ?r\gh\t _! families1 ha? a blemi%1 he %all n (f] bread to 8 ,god1 nei!r %all he approa* to m9i/] to ,him4 ,!re=e x seems t if ! m9i/] be wick$1 ! sacram5t has no effect4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says on ,john #a3cc3 ,he ^u ,:om ?\ %alt see ! ,_s1 etc4 7,tract4 v 9 ,joan471 t ,john did n "k t our ,"l1 hav+ ! au?ority ( baptiz+1 w\ld keep x to ,himself1 b t ! m9i/ry w\ld c]ta9ly pass to bo? good & evil m5 4 4 4 ,:at is a bad m9i/] to !e1 :]e ! ,"l is good8 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* "w in/rum5tally 9 ! sacram5ts1 because1 9 a way1 a m9i/] is ( ! nature ( an in/rum5t4 ,b1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,,aa4 #a1 #d71 an in/rum5t acts n by reason ( its own =m1 b by ! p[] ( ! "o :o moves x4 ,consequ5tly1 :atev] =m or p[] an in/rum5t has 9 addition to t :i* x has z an in/rum5t1 is accid5tal to x3 = in/ance1 t a physician's body1 :i* is ! in/rum5t ( 8 s\l1 :]e9 is 8 m$ical art1 be heal?y or sickly2 or t a pipe1 ?r\gh :i* wat] passes1 be ( silv] or lead4 ,!re=e ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* c conf] ! sacram5ts1 ?\gh !y be wick$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* d n by _! own p[] cleanse f s9 ^? :o approa* ! sacram5ts1 nor d !y conf] grace on !m3 x is ,*ri/ ,:o does ?is by ,8 own p[] :ile ,he employs !m z in/rum5ts4 ,consequ5tly1 ^? :o approa* ! sacram5ts receive an effect :]eby !y are enlik5$ n to ! m9i/]s b to ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s memb]s are unit$ to _! ,head by *>ity1 s t !y may receive life f ,him2 = z x is writt5 7#a ,john #c3ad73 ,he t love? n abide? 9 dea?4 ,n[ x is possible = a man to "w ) a lifeless in/rum5t1 & sep>at$ f him z to bodily union1 provid$ x be unit$ to him by "s sort ( motion3 = a workman works 9 "o way ) 8 h&1 9 ano!r ) 8 axe4 ,consequ5tly1 x is ?us t ,*ri/ works 9 ! sacram5ts1 bo? by wick$ m5 z lifeless in/rum5ts1 & by good m5 z liv+ in/rum5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a ?+ is requir$ 9 a sacram5t 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 z be+ ess5tial to x3 & if ?is be want+1 ! sacram5t is invalid2 = in/ance1 if ! due =m or matt] be want+4 ,secondly1 a ?+ is requir$ = a sacram5t1 by reason ( a c]ta9 fitness4 ,& 9 ?is way good m9i/]s are requir$ = a sacram5t4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,wick$ ,m5 ,s9 9 ,adm9i/]+ ! ,sacram5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t wick$ m5 d n s9 9 adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts4 ,= j z m5 s]ve ,god 9 ! sacram5ts1 s d !y s]ve ,him 9 works ( *>ity2 :5ce x is writt5 7,heb4 #ac3af73 ,d n =get to d good & to imp>t1 = by su* sacrifices ,god's favor is obta9$4 ,b ! wick$ d n s9 9 s]v+ ,god by works ( *>ity3 inde$1 !y %\ld be p]suad$ to d s1 accord+ to ,dan4 #d3bd3 ,let my c\nsel be acceptable to ! k+2 ,r$eem ?\ ?y s9s ) alms4 ,!re=e x seems t wick$ m5 d n s9 9 adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :oev] co-op]ates ) ano!r 9 8 s91 is also guilty ( s91 accord+ to ,rom4 #a3cb3 ,he is ,vulg43 ',!y are' wor?y ( dea?2 n only he t commits ! s91 b also he :o cons5ts to !m t d !m4 ,b if wick$ m9i/]s s9 9 adm9i/]+ sacram5ts1 ^? :o receive sacram5ts f !m1 co-op]ate 9 _! s94 ,!re=e !y w\ld s9 also2 :i* seems unreasonable4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x seems t no "o %\ld act :5 9 d\bt1 = ?us man w\ld be driv5 to despair1 z be+ unable to avoid s94 ,b if ! wick$ 7 to s9 9 adm9i/]+ sacram5ts1 !y w\ld be 9 a /ate ( p]plexity3 s9ce sometimes !y w\ld s9 also if !y did n adm9i/] sacram5ts2 = in/ance1 :5 by reason ( _! (fice x is _! b\nd5 duty to d s2 = x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #i3af73 ,= a necessity lie? ^u me3 ,woe is unto me if ,i prea* n ! gospel4 ,sometimes also on acc\nt ( "s dang]2 = in/ance1 if a *ild 9 dang] ( dea? be br\ght to a s9n] = baptism4 ,!re=e x seems t ! wick$ d n s9 9 adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 i7 t x is wrong = ! wick$ ev5 to t\* ! symbols1 i4e4 ! sacram5tal signs4 ,& he says 9 ! epi/le to ,demophilus3 ,x seems presumptu\s = su* a man1 i4e4 a s9n]1 to lay h&s on prie/ly ?+s2 he is nei!r afraid nor a%am$1 all unwor?y t he is1 to take "p 9 ,div9e ?+s1 ) ! ?\ght t ,god does n see :at he sees 9 himself3 he ?9ks1 by false pret5ses1 to *eat ,him ,:om he calls 8 ,fa!r2 he d>es to utt]1 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 words pollut$ by 8 infamy1 ,i w n call !m pray]s1 ov] ! ,div9e symbols4 ,i answ] t1 ,a s9ful action consi/s 9 ?is1 t a man fails to act z he ought to1 z ! ,philosoph] expla9s 7,e?ic4 ii74 ,n[ x has be5 said 7,a4 #e1 ad #c7 t x is fitt+ = ! m9i/]s ( sacram5ts to be righte\s2 because m9i/]s %\ld be l unto _! ,"l1 accord+ to ,lev4 #ai3b3 ,be ye holy1 because ,i 4 4 4 am holy2 & ,ecclus4 #aj3b3 ,z ! judge ( ! p is himself1 s also are 8 m9i/]s4 ,consequ5tly1 !re c be no d\bt t ! wick$ s9 by ex]cis+ ! m9i/ry ( ,god & ! ,*ur*1 by conf]r+ ! sacram5ts4 ,& s9ce ?is s9 p]ta9s to irrev]5ce t[>ds ,god & ! contam9ation ( holy ?+s1 z f> z ! man :o s9s is conc]n$1 al?\gh holy ?+s 9 !mselves _c be contam9at$2 x foll[s t su* a s9 is mortal 9 its g5us4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,works ( *>ity are n made holy by "s process ( consecration1 b !y belong to ! hol9ess ( righte\sness1 z be+ 9 a way p>ts ( righte\sness4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 a man %[s himself z a m9i/] ( ,god1 by do+ works ( *>ity1 if he be righte\s1 he w be made yet holi]2 b if he be a s9n]1 he is !reby dispos$ to hol9ess4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sacram5ts are holy 9 !mselves ow+ to _! my/ical consecration4 ,:]e=e ! hol9ess ( righte\sness is requir$ 9 ! m9i/]1 t he may be suitable = 8 m9i/ry3 = :i* reason he acts unbecom+ly & s9s1 if :ile 9 a /ate ( s9 he attempts to fulfil t m9i/ry4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,he :o approa*es a sacram5t1 receives x f a m9i/] ( ! ,*ur*1 n because he is su* & su* a man1 b because he is a m9i/] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,consequ5tly1 z long z ! latt] is tol]at$ 9 ! m9i/ry1 he t receives a sacram5t f him1 does n communicate 9 8 s91 b communicates ) ! ,*ur* f :om he has 8 m9i/ry4 ,b if ! ,*ur*1 by degrad+1 excommunicat+1 or susp5d+ him1 does n tol]ate him 9 ! m9i/ry1 he t receives a sacram5t f him s9s1 because he communicates 9 8 s94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a man :o is 9 mortal s9 is n p]plex$ simply1 if by reason ( 8 (fice x be 8 b\nd5 duty to m9i/] sacram5ts2 because he c rep5t ( 8 s9 & s m9i/] lawfully4 ,b !re is no?+ unreasonable 9 8 be+ p]plex$1 if we suppose t he wi%es to rema9 9 s94 ,h[ev]1 9 a case ( necessity :5 ev5 a lay p]son might baptize1 he w\ld n s9 9 baptiz+4 ,= x is cle> t !n he does n ex]cise ! m9i/ry ( ! ,*ur*1 b comes to ! aid ( "o :o is 9 ne$ ( 8 s]vices4 ,x is n s ) ! o!r sacram5ts1 :i* are n s necess>y z baptism1 z we %all %[ fur!r on 7,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d2 ,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #c74 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,angels ,c ,adm9i/] ,sacram5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t angels c adm9i/] sacram5ts4 ,because a high] m9i/] c d :atev] ! l[] c2 ?us a prie/ c d :atev] a deacon c3 b n conv]sely4 ,b angels are high] m9i/]s 9 ! hi]>*ical ord] ?an any m5 :atsoev]1 z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 ix74 ,!re=e1 s9ce m5 c be m9i/]s ( sacram5ts1 x seems t mu* m c angels be4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 heav5 holy m5 are lik5$ to ! angels 7,matt4 #bb3cj74 ,b "s holy m51 :5 9 heav51 c be m9i/]s ( ! sacram5ts2 s9ce ! sacram5tal "* is indelible1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #e74 ,!re=e x seems t angels too c be m9i/]s ( sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #h1 ,a4 #g71 ! devil is head ( ! wick$1 & ! wick$ are 8 memb]s4 ,b sacram5ts c be adm9i/]$ by ! wick$4 ,!re=e x seems t !y c be adm9i/]$ ev5 by demons4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #e3a73 ,e high prie/ tak5 f among m51 is orda9$ = m5 9 ! ?+s t app]ta9 to ,god4 ,b angels :e!r good or bad are n tak5 f among m54 ,!re=e !y are n orda9$ m9i/]s 9 ! ?+s t app]ta9 to ,god1 i4e4 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #c2 ,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e71 ! :ole p[] ( ! sacram5ts fl[s f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* belongs to ,him z man4 ,& ,him 9 _! v nature m51 n angels1 resemble2 inde$1 9 respect ( ,8 ,passion1 ,he is describ$ z be+ a little l[] ?an ! angels 7,heb4 #b3i74 ,consequ5tly1 x belongs to m51 b n to angels1 to disp5se ! sacram5ts & to take "p 9 _! adm9i/ration4 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t z ,god did n b9d ,8 p[] to ! sacram5ts1 s z to be unable to be/[ ! sacram5tal effect )\t conf]r+ ! sacram5t2 s nei!r did ,he b9d ,8 p[] to ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* s z to be unable to give angels p[] to adm9i/] ! sacram5ts4 ,& s9ce good angels are mess5g]s ( tru?2 if any sacram5tal rite 7 p]=m$ by good angels1 x %\ld be consid]$ valid1 because x ought to be evid5t t ?is is be+ done by ! w ( ,god3 = in/ance1 c]ta9 *ur*es are said to h be5 consecrat$ by ! m9i/ry ( ! angels 99,see ,acta ,s4,s41 ,septemb] #bi4 ,b if demons1 :o are ly+ spirits1 7 to p]=m a sacram5tal rite1 x %\ld be pron\nc$ z invalid4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:at m5 d 9 a less p]fect mann]1 i4e4 by s5sible sacram5ts1 :i* are proportionate to _! nature1 angels also d1 z m9i/]s ( a high] degree1 9 a m p]fect mann]1 i4e4 invisibly--by cleans+1 enlight5+1 & p]fect+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! sa9ts 9 heav5 resemble ! angels z to _! %>e ( glory1 b n z to ! conditions ( _! nature3 & consequ5tly n 9 reg>d to ! sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,wick$ m5 d n owe _! p[] ( conf]r+ sacram5ts to _! be+ memb]s ( ! devil4 ,consequ5tly1 x does n foll[ t a =tiori ! devil1 _! head1 c d s4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ! ,m9i/]'s ,int5tion ,is ,requir$ = ! ,validity ( a ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! m9i/]'s int5tion is n requir$ = ! validity ( a sacram5t4 ,= ! m9i/] ( a sacram5t works in/rum5tally4 ,b ! p]fection ( an action does n dep5d on ! int5tion ( ! in/rum5t1 b on t ( ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,!re=e ! m9i/]'s int5tion is n necess>y = ! p]fect+ ( a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 "o man's int5tion _c be kn[n to ano!r4 ,!re=e if ! m9i/]'s int5tion 7 requir$ = ! validity ( a sacram5t1 he :o approa*es a sacram5t c\ld n "k :e!r he has receiv$ ! sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly he c\ld h no c]ta9ty 9 reg>d to salvation2 ! m t "s sacram5ts are necess>y = salvation1 z we %all /ate fur!r on 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #d74 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a man's int5tion _c be> on t to :i* he does n att5d4 ,b sometimes m9i/]s ( sacram5ts d n att5d to :at !y say or d1 ?r\gh ?9k+ ( some?+ else4 ,!re=e 9 ?is respect ! sacram5t w\ld be invalid ?r\gh want ( int5tion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:at is un9t5tional happ5s by *ance4 ,b ?is _c be said ( ! sacram5tal op]ation4 ,!re=e ! sacram5ts require ! int5tion ( ! m9i/]4 ,i answ] t1 ,:5 a ?+ is indiff]5t to _m uses1 x mu/ ne$s be det]m9$ to "o1 if t "o has to be effect$4 ,n[ ^? ?+s :i* are done 9 ! sacram5ts1 c be done ) v>i\s int5t2 = in/ance1 wa%+ ) wat]1 :i* is done 9 baptism1 may be orda9$ to bodily cleanl9ess1 to ! heal? ( ! body1 to amusem5t1 & _m o!r simil> ?+s4 ,consequ5tly1 x ne$s to be det]m9$ to "o purpose1 i4e4 ! sacram5tal effect1 by ! int5tion ( him :o wa%es4 ,& ?is int5tion is express$ by ! words :i* are pron\nc$ 9 ! sacram5ts2 = in/ance ! words1 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 etc4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,an inanimate in/rum5t has no int5tion reg>d+ ! effect2 b in/ead ( ! int5tion !re is ! motion :]eby x is mov$ by ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,b an animate in/rum5t1 su* z a m9i/]1 is n only mov$1 b 9 a s5se moves itself1 9 s f> z by 8 w he moves 8 bodily memb]s to act4 ,consequ5tly1 8 int5tion is requir$1 :]eby he subjects himself to ! pr9cipal ag5t2 t is1 x is necess>y t he int5d to d t :i* ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur* d4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,on ?is po9t !re are two op9ions4 ,= "s hold t ! m5tal int5tion ( ! m9i/] is necess>y2 9 ! abs5ce ( :i* ! sacram5t is invalid3 & t ?is defect 9 ! case ( *ildr5 :o h n ! int5tion ( approa*+ ! sacram5t1 is made good by ,*ri/1 ,:o baptizes inw>dly3 :]eas 9 adults1 :o h t int5tion1 ?is defect is made good by _! fai? & devotion4 ,?is might be true en\gh ( ! ultimate effect1 i4e4 ju/ification f s9s2 b z to t effect :i* is bo? real & sacram5tal1 viz4 ! "*1 x does n appe> possible = x to be made good by ! devotion ( ! recipi5t1 s9ce a "* is nev] impr9t$ save by a sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 o!rs ) bett] reason hold t ! m9i/] ( a sacram5t acts 9 ! p]son ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 ^: m9i/] he is2 :ile 9 ! words utt]$ by him1 ! int5tion ( ! ,*ur* is express$2 & t ?is suffices = ! validity ( ! sacram5t1 except ! contr>y be express$ on ! "p ei!r ( ! m9i/] or ( ! recipi5t ( ! sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh he :o ?9ks ( some?+ else1 has no actual int5tion1 yet he has habitual int5tion1 :i* suffices = ! validity ( ! sacram5t2 = in/ance if1 :5 a prie/ goes to baptize someone1 he int5ds to d to him :at ! ,*ur* does4 ,:]e=e if subsequ5tly dur+ ! ex]cise ( ! act 8 m9d be di/ract$ by o!r matt]s1 ! sacram5t is valid 9 virtue ( 8 orig9al int5tion4 ,nev]!less1 ! m9i/] ( a sacram5t %\ld take great c>e to h actual int5tion4 ,b ?is is n entirely 9 man's p[]1 because :5 a man wi%es to be v int5t on some?+1 he beg9s un9t5tionally to ?9k ( o!r ?+s1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ci3ah3 ,my he>t ha? =sak5 me4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,fai? ,is ,requir$ ( ,necessity 9 ! ,m9i/] ( a ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t fai? is requir$ ( necessity 9 ! m9i/] ( a sacram5t4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #h71 ! int5tion ( ! m9i/] is necess>y = ! validity ( a sacram5t4 ,b fai? directs 9 int5tion z ,augu/9e says aga9/ ,julian 7,9 ,psalm xxxi1 cf4 ,contra ,julian iv74 ,!re=e1 if ! m9i/] is )\t ! true fai?1 ! sacram5t is invalid4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 if a m9i/] ( ! ,*ur* has n ! true fai?1 x seems t he is a h]etic4 ,b h]etics1 seem+ly1 _c conf] sacram5ts4 ,= ,cyprian says 9 an epi/le aga9/ h]etics 7lxxiii73 ,ev]y?+ :atsoev] h]etics d1 is c>nal1 void & c\nt]feit1 s t no?+ t !y d %\ld receive our approval4 ,& ,pope ,leo says 9 8 epi/le to ,leo ,augu/us 7clvi73 ,x is a matt] ( notoriety t ! light ( all ! heav5ly sacram5ts is ext+ui%$ 9 ! see ( ,alex&ria1 by an act ( dire & s5seless cruelty4 ,! sacrifice is no long] (f]$1 ! *rism is no long] consecrat$1 all ! my/]ies ( religion h fl$ at ! t\* ( ! p>ricide h&s ( ungodly m54 ,!re=e a sacram5t requires ( necessity t ! m9i/] %\ld h ! true fai?4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ^? :o h n ! true fai? seem to be sep>at$ f ! ,*ur* by excommunication3 = x is writt5 9 ! second canonical epi/le ( ,john 7#aj73 ,if any man come to y1 & br+ n ?is doctr9e1 receive him n into ! h\se1 nor say to him2 ,god spe$ y3 & 7,titus #c3aj73 ,a man t is a h]etic1 aft] ! fir/ & second admonition avoid4 ,b x seems t an excommunicate _c conf] a sacram5t ( ! ,*ur*3 s9ce he is sep>at$ f ! ,*ur*1 to ^: m9i/ry ! disp5sation ( ! sacram5ts belongs4 ,!re=e a sacram5t requires ( necessity t ! m9i/] %\ld h ! true fai?4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says aga9/ ! ,donati/ ,petilian3 ,rememb] t ! evil lives ( wick$ m5 are n prejudicial to ,god's sacram5ts1 by r5d]+ !m ei!r invalid or less holy4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #e71 s9ce ! m9i/] works in/rum5tally 9 ! sacram5ts1 he acts n by 8 own b by ,*ri/'s p[]4 ,n[ j z *>ity belongs to a man's own p[] s also does fai?4 ,:]e=e1 j z ! validity ( a sacram5t does n require t ! m9i/] %\ld h *>ity1 & ev5 s9n]s c conf] sacram5ts1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e72 s nei!r is x necess>y t he %\ld h fai?1 & ev5 an unbeliev] c conf] a true sacram5t1 provid$ t ! o!r ess5tials be !re4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x may happ5 t a man's fai? is defective 9 reg>d to some?+ else1 & n 9 reg>d to ! reality ( ! sacram5t :i* he conf]s3 = in/ance1 he may believe t x is unlawful to swe> 9 any case :atev]1 & yet he may believe t baptism is an effici5t cause ( salvation4 ,& ?us su* unbelief does n h9d] ! int5tion ( conf]r+ ! sacram5t4 ,b if 8 fai? be defective 9 reg>d to ! v sacram5t t he conf]s1 al?\gh he believe t no inw>d effect is caus$ by ! ?+ done outw>dly1 yet he does "k t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* int5ds to conf] a sacram5t by t :i* is outw>dly done4 ,:]e=e1 8 unbelief not)/&+1 he c int5d to d :at ! ,*ur* does1 albeit he e/eem x to be no?+4 ,& su* an int5tion suffices = a sacram5t3 because z /at$ above 7,a4 #h1 ad #b7 ! m9i/] ( a sacram5t acts 9 ! p]son ( ! ,*ur* by ^: fai? any defect 9 ! m9i/]'s fai? is made good4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,"s h]etics 9 conf]r+ sacram5ts d n obs]ve ! =m prescrib$ by ! ,*ur*3 & ^! conf] nei!r ! sacram5t nor ! reality ( ! sacram5t4 ,b "s d obs]ve ! =m prescrib$ by ! ,*ur*3 & ^! conf] inde$ ! sacram5t b n ! reality4 ,i say ?is 9 ! supposition t !y are outw>dly cut (f f ! ,*ur*2 because f ! v fact t anyone receives ! sacram5ts f !m1 he s9s2 & consequ5tly is h9d]$ f receiv+ ! effect ( ! sacram5t4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e 7,fulg5tius1 ,de ,fide ad ,pet47 says3 ,be well assur$ & h no d\bt :atev] t ^? :o are baptiz$ outside ! ,*ur*1 unless !y come back to ! ,*ur*1 w reap disa/] f _! ,baptism4 ,9 ?is s5se ,pope ,leo says t ! light ( ! sacram5ts 0 ext+ui%$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,alex&ria2 viz4 9 reg>d to ! reality ( ! sacram5t1 n z to ! sacram5t itself4 ,cyprian1 h[ev]1 ?\ght t h]etics d n conf] ev5 ! sacram5t3 b 9 ?is respect we d n foll[ 8 op9ion4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de unico ,baptismo xiii73 ,?\gh ! m>tyr ,cyprian refus$ to recognize ,baptism conf]r$ by h]etics or s*ismatics1 yet s great are 8 m]its1 culm9at+ 9 ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom1 t ! light ( 8 *>ity dispels ! d>kness ( 8 fault1 & if any?+ ne$$ prun+1 ! sickle ( 8 passion cut x (f4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! p[] ( adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts belongs to ! spiritual "* :i* is indelible1 z expla9$ above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #c74 ,consequ5tly1 if a man be susp5d$ by ! ,*ur*1 or excommunicat$ or degrad$1 he does n lose ! p[] ( conf]r+ sacram5ts1 b ! p]mission to use ?is p[]4 ,:]e=e he does inde$ conf] ! sacram5t1 b he s9s 9 s do+4 ,he also s9s t receives a sacram5t f su* a man3 s t he does n receive ! reality ( ! sacram5t1 unless ignorance excuses him4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fd1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ! ,validity ( a ,sacram5t ,requires a ,good ,int5tion 9 ! ,m9i/]8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! validity ( a sacram5t requires a good int5tion 9 ! m9i/]4 ,= ! m9i/]'s int5tion %\ld be 9 con=mity ) ! ,*ur*'s int5tion1 z expla9$ above 7,a4 #h1 ad #a74 ,b ! int5tion ( ! ,*ur* is always good4 ,!re=e ! validity ( a sacram5t requires ( necessity a good int5tion 9 ! m9i/]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a p]v]se int5tion seems worse ?an a playful "o4 ,b a playful int5tion de/roys a sacram5t3 = in/ance1 if someone 7 to baptize anybody n s]i\sly b 9 fun4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 does a p]v]se int5tion de/roy a sacram5t3 = in/ance1 if somebody 7 to baptize a man 9 ord] to kill him aft]w>ds4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a p]v]se int5tion vitiates ! :ole "w1 accord+ to ,luke #aa3cd3 ,if ?y eye be evil1 ?y :ole body w be d>ksome4 ,b ! sacram5ts ( ,*ri/ _c be contam9at$ by evil m52 z ,augu/9e says aga9/ ,petilian 7,cont4 ,litt4 ,petil ii74 ,!re=e x seems t1 if ! m9i/]'s int5tion is p]v]se1 ! sacram5t is invalid4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,a p]v]se int5tion belongs to ! wick$ness ( ! m9i/]4 ,b ! wick$ness ( ! m9i/] does n annul ! sacram5t3 nei!r1 !re=e1 does 8 p]v]se int5tion4 ,i answ] t1 ,! m9i/]'s int5tion may be p]v]t$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/ 9 reg>d to ! sacram5t3 = in/ance1 :5 a man does n int5d to conf] a sacram5t1 b to make a mock]y ( x4 ,su* a p]v]se int5tion takes away ! tru? ( ! sacram5t1 especially if x be manife/$ outw>dly4 ,secondly1 ! m9i/]'s int5tion may be p]v]t$ z to some?+ t foll[s ! sacram5t3 = in/ance1 a prie/ may int5d to baptize a woman s z to be able to abuse h]2 or to consecrate ! ,body ( ,*ri/1 s z to use x = sorc]y4 ,& because t :i* comes fir/ does n dep5d on t :i* foll[s1 consequ5tly su* a p]v]se int5tion does n annul ! sacram5t2 b ! m9i/] himself s9s griev\sly 9 hav+ su* an int5tion4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,*ur* has a good int5tion bo? z to ! validity ( ! sacram5t & z to ! use !re(3 b x is ! =m] int5tion t p]fects ! sacram5t1 :ile ! latt] conduces to ! m]itori\s effect4 ,consequ5tly1 ! m9i/] :o con=ms 8 int5tion to ! ,*ur* z to ! =m] rectitude1 b n z to ! latt]1 p]fects ! sacram5t inde$1 b ga9s no m]it = himself4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! int5tion ( mimicry or fun excludes ! fir/ k9d ( "r int5tion1 necess>y = ! validity ( a sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 !re is no comp>ison4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a p]v]se int5tion p]v]ts ! action ( ! "o :o has su* an int5tion1 n ! action ( ano!r4 ,consequ5tly1 ! p]v]se int5tion ( ! m9i/] p]v]ts ! sacram5t 9 s f> z x is 8 action3 n 9 s f> z x is ! action ( ,*ri/1 ,^: m9i/] he is4 ,x is j z if ! s]vant m9i/] ( "s man 7 to c>ry alms to ! poor ) a wick$ int5tion1 :]eas 8 ma/] _h comm&$ him ) a good int5tion to d s4 ,,"q #fe ,,( ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5ts 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! numb] ( ! sacram5ts3 & conc]n+ ?is !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r !re are sev5 sacram5ts8 7#b7 ,! ord] ( ! sacram5ts among !mselves2 7#c7 ,_! mutual comp>ison2 7#d7 ,:e!r all ! sacram5ts are necess>y = salvation8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fe1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,!re ,%\ld ,be ,sev5 ,sacram5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t !re ought n to be sev5 sacram5ts4 ,= ! sacram5ts d]ive _! efficacy f ! ,div9e p[]1 & ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,b ! ,div9e p[] is "o1 & ,*ri/'s ,passion is "o2 s9ce by "o oblation ,he ha? p]fect$ = ev] !m t are sanctifi$ 7,heb4 #aj3ad74 ,!re=e !re %\ld be b "o sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a sacram5t is int5d$ z a rem$y = ! defect caus$ by s94 ,n[ ?is is tw(old1 puni%m5t & guilt4 ,!re=e two sacram5ts w\ld be en\gh4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 sacram5ts belong to ! actions ( ! ecclesia/ical hi]>*y1 z ,dionysius expla9s 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v74 ,b1 z he says1 !re are ?ree actions ( ! ecclesia/ical hi]>*y1 namely1 to cleanse1 to enlight51 to p]fect4 ,!re=e !re %\ld be no m ?an ?ree sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix7 t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law are less num]\s ?an ^? ( ! ,old ,law4 ,b 9 ! ,old ,law !re 0 no sacram5t correspond+ to ,confirmation & ,extreme ,unction4 ,!re=e ^! %\ld n be c\nt$ among ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 lu/ is n m griev\s ?an o!r s9s1 z we h made cle> 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #e2 ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #aed1 ,a4 #c74 ,b !re is no sacram5t in/itut$ z a rem$y = o!r s9s4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld matrimony be in/itut$ z a rem$y = lu/4 ,obj4 #f3 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,x seems t !re %\ld be m ?an sev5 sacram5ts4 ,= sacram5ts are a k9d ( sacr$ sign4 ,b 9 ! ,*ur* !re are _m sanctifications by s5sible signs1 su* z ,holy ,wat] ! ,consecration ( ,alt>s1 & su* l4 ,!re=e !re are m ?an sev5 sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor 7,de ,sacram4 i7 says t ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law 7 oblations1 ti!s & sacrifices4 ,b ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,*ur* is "o sacram5t1 call$ ! ,eu*>i/4 ,!re=e oblations also & ti!s %\ld be call$ sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #h3 ,fur!r1 !re are ?ree k9ds ( s91 orig9al1 mortal & v5ial4 ,n[ ,baptism is int5d$ z a rem$y aga9/ orig9al s91 & ,p5ance aga9/ mortal s94 ,!re=e besides ! sev5 sacram5ts1 !re %\ld be ano!r aga9/ v5ial s94 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e2 ,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #a71 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* 7 in/itut$ = a tw(old purpose3 namely1 9 ord] to p]fect man 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! wor%ip ( ,god accord+ to ! religion ( ,*ri/ian life1 & to be a rem$y aga9/ ! defects caus$ by s94 ,& 9 ei!r way x is becom+ t !re %\ld be sev5 sacram5ts4 ,= spiritual life has a c]ta9 con=mity ) ! life ( ! body3 j z o!r corporeal ?+s h a c]ta9 lik5ess to ?+s spiritual4 ,n[ a man atta9s p]fection 9 ! corporeal life 9 two ways3 fir/1 9 reg>d to 8 own p]son2 secondly1 9 reg>d to ! :ole community ( ! society 9 :i* he lives1 = man is by nature a social animal4 ,) reg>d to himself man is p]fect$ 9 ! life ( ! body1 9 two ways2 fir/1 directly 7p] se71 i4e4 by acquir+ "s vital p]fection2 secondly1 indirectly 7p] accid5s71 i4e4 by ! removal ( h9drances to life1 su* z ailm5ts1 or ! l4 ,n[ ! life ( ! body is p]fect$ directly1 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 by g5]ation :]eby a man beg9s to be & to live3 & correspond+ to ?is 9 ! spiritual life !re is ,baptism1 :i* is a spiritual reg5]ation1 accord+ to ,titus #c3e3 ,by ! lav] ( reg5]ation1 etc4 ,secondly1 by gr[? :]eby a man is br\ght to p]fect size & /r5g?3 & correspond+ to ?is 9 ! spiritual life !re is ,confirmation1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ is giv5 to /r5g!n u4 ,:]e=e ! disciples :o 7 already baptiz$ 7 bidd5 ?us3 ,/ay y 9 ! city till y be endu$ ) p[] f on high 7,luke #bd3di74 ,?irdly1 by n\ri%m5t1 :]eby life & /r5g? are pres]v$ to man2 & correspond+ to ?is 9 ! spiritual life !re is ! ,eu*>i/4 ,:]e=e x is said 7,john #f3ed73 ,except y eat ( ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man1 & dr9k ,8 blood1 y %all n h life 9 y4 ,& ?is w\ld be en\gh = man if he _h an impassible life1 bo? corporally & spiritually2 b s9ce man is liable at times to bo? corporal & spiritual infirmity1 i4e4 s91 h5ce man ne$s a cure f 8 infirmity2 :i* cure is tw(old4 ,"o is ! heal+1 t re/ores heal?3 & correspond+ to ?is 9 ! spiritual life !re is ,p5ance1 accord+ to ,ps4 #dj3e3 ,heal my s\l1 = ,i h s9n$ aga9/ ,!e4 ,! o!r is ! re/oration ( =m] vigor by means ( suitable diet & ex]cise3 & correspond+ to ?is 9 ! spiritual life !re is ,extreme ,unction1 :i* removes ! rema9d] ( s91 & prep>es man = f9al glory4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 7,james #e3ae73 ,& if he be 9 s9s !y %all be =giv5 him4 ,9 reg>d to ! :ole community1 man is p]fect$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 by receiv+ p[] to rule ! community & to ex]cise public acts3 & correspond+ to ?is 9 ! spiritual life !re is ! sacram5t ( ord]1 accord+ to ! say+ ( ,heb4 #g3bg1 t prie/s (f] sacrifices n = !mselves only1 b also = ! p4 ,secondly 9 reg>d to natural propagation4 ,?is is accompli%$ by ,matrimony bo? 9 ! corporal & 9 ! spiritual life3 s9ce x is n only a sacram5t b also a function ( nature4 ,we may likewise ga!r ! numb] ( ! sacram5ts f _! be+ in/itut$ z a rem$y aga9/ ! defect caus$ by s94 ,= ,baptism is int5d$ z a rem$y aga9/ ! abs5ce ( spiritual life2 ,confirmation1 aga9/ ! infirmity ( s\l f\nd 9 ^? ( rec5t bir?2 ! ,eu*>i/1 aga9/ ! s\l's pron5ess to s92 ,p5ance1 aga9/ actual s9 committ$ aft] baptism2 ,extreme ,unction1 aga9/ ! rema9d]s ( s9s--( ^? s9s1 namely1 :i* are n suffici5tly remov$ by ,p5ance1 :e!r ?r\gh neglig5ce or ?r\gh ignorance2 ord]1 aga9/ divisions 9 ! community2 ,matrimony1 z a rem$y aga9/ concupisc5ce 9 ! individual1 & aga9/ ! decrease 9 numb]s t results f dea?4 ,"s1 aga91 ga!r ! numb] ( sacram5ts f a c]ta9 adaptation to ! virtues & to ! defects & p5al effects result+ f s94 ,!y say t ,baptism corresponds to ,fai?1 & is orda9$ z a rem$y aga9/ orig9al s92 ,extreme ,unction1 to ,hope1 be+ orda9$ aga9/ v5ial s92 ! ,eu*>i/1 to ,*>ity1 be+ orda9$ aga9/ ! p5al effect :i* is malice2 ,ord]1 to ,prud5ce1 be+ orda9$ aga9/ ignorance2 ,p5ance to ,ju/ice1 be+ orda9$ aga9/ mortal s92 ,matrimony1 to ,temp]ance1 be+ orda9$ aga9/ concupisc5ce2 ,confirmation1 to ,=titude1 be+ orda9$ aga9/ infirmity4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! same pr9cipal ag5t uses v>i\s in/rum5ts unto v>i\s effects1 9 accordance ) ! ?+ to be done4 ,9 ! same way ! ,div9e p[] & ! ,passion ( ,*ri/ "w 9 u ?r\gh ! v>i\s sacram5ts z ?r\gh v>i\s in/rum5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,guilt & puni%m5t are div]sifi$ bo? accord+ to species1 inasmu* z !re are v>i\s species ( guilt & puni%m5t1 & accord+ to m5's v>i\s /ates & habitudes4 ,& 9 ?is respect x 0 necess>y to h a numb] ( sacram5ts1 z expla9$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 hi]>*ical actions we mu/ consid] ! ag5ts1 ! recipi5ts & ! actions4 ,! ag5ts are ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*2 & to ^! ! sacram5t ( ord] belongs4 ,! recipi5ts are ^? :o approa* ! sacram5ts3 & ^! are br\ght into be+ by ,matrimony4 ,! actions are cleans+1 enlight5+1 & p]fect+4 ,m]e cleans+1 h[ev]1 _c be a sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law1 :i* conf]s grace3 yet x belongs to c]ta9 sacram5tals1 i4e4 cate*ism & exorcism4 ,b cleans+ c\pl$ ) enlight5+1 accord+ to ,dionysius1 belongs to ,baptism2 &1 = him :o falls back into s91 !y belong second>ily to ,p5ance & ,extreme ,unction4 ,& p]fect+1 z reg>ds p[]1 :i* is1 z x 71 a =mal p]fection1 belongs to ,confirmation3 :ile1 z reg>ds ! atta9m5t ( ! end1 x belongs to ! ,eu*>i/4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,9 ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation we receive ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ord] to be /r5g!n$2 :ile 9 ,extreme ,unction man is prep>$ = ! imm$iate atta9m5t ( glory2 & nei!r ( ^! two purposes 0 becom+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,consequ5tly1 no?+ 9 ! old ,law c\ld correspond to ^! sacram5ts4 ,nev]!less1 ! sacram5ts ( ! old ,law 7 m num]\s1 on acc\nt ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( sacrifices & c]emonies4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,!re 0 ne$ = a special sacram5t to be appli$ z a rem$y aga9/ v5]eal concupisc5ce3 fir/ because by ?is concupisc5ce1 n only ! p]son b also ! nature is defil$3 secondly1 by reason ( its vehem5ce :]eby x cl\ds ! reason4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,holy ,wat] & o!r consecrat$ ?+s are n call$ sacram5ts1 because !y d n produce ! sacram5tal effect1 :i* is ! receiv+ ( grace4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 a k9d ( disposition to ! sacram5ts3 ei!r by remov+ ob/acles1 ?us holy wat] is orda9$ aga9/ ! sn>es ( ! demons1 & aga9/ v5ial s9s3 or by mak+ ?+s suitable = ! conf]r+ ( a sacram5t2 ?us ! alt> & vessels are consecrat$ ?r\gh rev]5ce = ! ,eu*>i/4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,oblations & ti!s1 bo? ! ,law ( nature & 9 ! ,law ( ,moses1 ere orda9$ n only = ! su/5ance ( ! m9i/]s & ! poor1 b also figuratively2 & consequ5tly !y 7 sacram5ts4 ,b n[ !y rema9 no long] z figures1 & !re=e !y are n sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #h3 ,! infusion ( grace is n necess>y = ! blott+ out ( v5ial s94 ,:]e=e1 s9ce grace is infus$ 9 ea* ( ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law1 none ( !m 0 in/itut$ directly aga9/ v5ial s94 ,?is is tak5 away by c]ta9 sacram5tals1 = in/ance1 ,holy ,wat] & su* l4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 hold t ,extreme ,unction is orda9$ aga9/ v5ial s94 ,b ( ?is we %all speak 9 its prop] place 7,suppl41 ,q4 #cj1 ,a4 #a74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fe1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,ord] ( ! ,sacram5ts1 ,z ,giv5 ,above1 ,is ,becom+8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! ord] ( ! sacram5ts z giv5 above is unbecom+4 ,= accord+ to ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #ae3df71 t 0 4 4 4 fir/ 4 4 4 :i* is natural1 aft]w>ds t :i* is spiritual4 ,b man is begott5 ?r\gh ,matrimony by a fir/ & natural g5]ation2 :ile 9 ,baptism he is reg5]at$ z by a second & spiritual g5]ation4 ,!re=e ,matrimony %\ld prec$e ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?r\gh ! sacram5t ( ord] man receives ! p[] ( ag5t 9 sacram5tal actions4 ,b ! ag5t prec$es 8 action4 ,!re=e ord] %\ld prec$e ,baptism & ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,eu*>i/ is a spiritual food2 :ile ,confirmation is comp>$ to gr[?4 ,b food causes1 & consequ5tly prec$es1 gr[?4 ,!re=e ! ,eu*>i/ prec$es ,confirmation4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,p5ance prep>es man = ! ,eu*>i/4 ,b a disposition prec$es p]fection4 ,!re=e ,p5ance %\ld prec$e ! ,eu*>i/4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 t :i* is ne>] ! la/ end comes aft] o!r ?+s4 ,b1 ( all ! sacram5ts1 ,extreme ,unction is ne>e/ to ! la/ end :i* is ,happ9ess4 ,!re=e x %\ld be plac$ la/ among ! sacram5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ord] ( ! sacram5ts1 z giv5 above1 is commonly adopt$ by all4 ,i answ] t1 ,! reason ( ! ord] among ! sacram5ts appe>s f :at has be5 said above 7,a4 #a74 ,= j z unity prec$es multitude1 s ^? sacram5ts :i* are int5d$ = ! p]fection ( ! individual1 naturally prec$e ^? :i* are int5d$ = ! p]fection ( ! multitude2 & consequ5tly ! la/ place among ! sacram5ts is giv5 to ord] & ,matrimony1 :i* are int5d$ = ! p]fection ( ! multitude3 :ile ,matrimony is plac$ aft] ord]1 because x has less p>ticipation 9 ! nature ( ! spiritual life1 to :i* ! sacram5ts are orda9$4 ,moreov]1 among ?+s orda9$ to ! p]fection ( ! individual1 ^? naturally come fir/ :i* are orda9$ directly to ! p]fection ( ! spiritual life1 & aft]w>ds1 ^? :i* are orda9$ !reto indirectly1 viz4 by remov+ "s sup]v5+ accid5tal cause ( h>m2 su* are ,p5ance & ,extreme ,unction3 :ile1 ( ^!1 ,extreme ,unction is naturally plac$ la/1 = x pres]ves ! heal+ :i* 0 begun by ,p5ance4 ,( ! rema9+ ?ree1 x is cle> t ,baptism :i* is a spiritual reg5]ation1 comes fir/2 !n ,confirmation1 :i* is orda9$ to ! =mal p]fection ( p[]2 & aft] ^! ! ,eu*>i/ :i* is orda9$ to f9al p]fection4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,matrimony z orda9$ to natural life is a function ( nature4 ,b 9 s f> z x has some?+ spiritual x is a sacram5t4 ,& because x has ! lea/ am\nt ( spirituality x is plac$ la/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,= a ?+ to be an ag5t x mu/ fir/ ( all be p]fect 9 itself4 ,:]e=e ^? sacram5ts by :i* a man is p]fect$ 9 himself1 are plac$ be=e ! sacram5t ( ord]1 9 :i* a man is made a p]fect] ( o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,n\ri%m5t bo? prec$es gr[?1 z its cause2 & foll[s x1 z ma9ta9+ ! p]fection ( size & p[] 9 man4 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,eu*>i/ c be plac$ be=e ,confirmation1 z ,dionysius places x 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii1 iv71 & c be plac$ aft] x1 z ! ,ma/] does 7iv1 #b1 #h74 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,?is argum5t w\ld hold if ,p5ance 7 requir$ ( necessity z a prep>ation to ! ,eu*>i/4 ,b ?is is n true3 = if anyone be )\t mortal s91 he does n ne$ ,p5ance 9 ord] to receive ! ,eu*>i/4 ,?us x is cle> t ,p5ance is an accid5tal prep>ation to ! ,eu*>i/1 t is to say1 s9 be+ suppos$4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ! second ,book ( ,p>alipom5on 7cf4 #b ,p>al #cc3ah73 ,?\1 ,o ,"l ( ! righte\s1 did/ n impose p5ance on righte\s m54 99,! words quot$ are f ! apocryphal ,pray] ( ,manasses1 :i*1 be=e ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 0 to be f\nd ins]t$ 9 "s ,lat9 copies ( ! ,bible4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,extreme ,unction1 = ?is v reason1 is giv5 ! la/ place among ^? sacram5ts :i* are orda9$ to ! p]fection ( ! individual4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fe1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,eu*>i/ ,is ! ,greate/ ( ! ,sacram5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! ,eu*>i/ is n ! pr9cipal ( ! sacram5ts4 ,= ! common good is ( m acc\nt ?an ! good ( ! individual 7#a ,e?ic4 ii74 ,b ,matrimony is orda9$ to ! common good ( ! human race by means ( g5]ation3 :]eas ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ is orda9$ to ! private good ( ! recipi5t4 ,!re=e x is n ! greate/ ( ! sacram5ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ^? sacram5ts1 seem+ly1 are great]1 :i* are conf]r$ by a great] m9i/]4 ,b ! sacram5ts ( ,confirmation & ord] are conf]r$ by a bi%op only1 :o is a great] m9i/] ?an a m]e m9i/] su* z a prie/1 by :om ! sacram5ts ( ! ,eu*>i/ is conf]r$4 ,!re=e ^? sacram5ts are great]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ^? sacram5ts are great] t h ! great] p[]4 ,b "s ( ! sacram5ts impr9t a "*1 viz4 ,baptism1 ,confirmation & ord]2 :]eas ! ,eu*>i/ does n4 ,!re=e ^? sacram5ts are great]4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 t seems to be great]1 on :i* o!rs dep5d )\t its dep5d+ on !m4 ,b ! ,eu*>i/ dep5ds on ,baptism3 s9ce no "o c receive ! ,eu*>i/ except he has be5 baptiz$4 ,!re=e ,baptism is great] ?an ! ,eu*>i/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii7 t ,no "o receives hi]>*ical p]fection save by ! mo/ ,god-l ,eu*>i/4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t is great] ?an all ! o!rs & p]fects !m4 ,i answ] t1 ,absolutely speak+1 ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ is ! greate/ ( all ! sacram5ts3 & ?is may be %[n 9 ?ree ways4 ,fir/ ( all because x conta9s ,*ri/ ,himself sub/antially3 :]eas ! o!r sacram5ts conta9 a c]ta9 in/rum5tal p[] :i* is a %>e ( ,*ri/'s p[]1 z we h %[n above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #d1 ad #c1 ,a4 #e74 ,n[ t :i* is ess5tially su* is always ( m acc\nt ?an t :i* is su* by p>ticipation4 ,secondly1 ?is is made cle> by consid]+ ! relation ( ! sacram5ts to "o ano!r4 ,= all ! o!r sacram5ts seem to be orda9$ to ?is "o z to _! end4 ,= x is manife/ t ! sacram5t ( ord] is orda9$ to ! consecration ( ! ,eu*>i/3 & ! sacram5t ( ,baptism to ! reception ( ! ,eu*>i/3 :ile a man is p]fect$ by ,confirmation1 s z n to fe> to ab/a9 f ?is sacram5t4 ,by ,p5ance & ,extreme ,unction man is prep>$ to receive ! ,body ( ,*ri/ wor?ily4 ,& ,matrimony at lea/ 9 its signification1 t\*es ?is sacram5t2 9 s f> z x signifies ! union ( ,*ri/ ) ! ,*ur*1 ( :i* union ! ,eu*>i/ is a figure3 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #e3cb73 ,?is is a great sacram5t3 b ,i speak 9 ,*ri/ & 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,?irdly1 ?is is made cle> by consid]+ ! rites ( ! sacram5ts4 ,= ne>ly all ! sacram5ts t]m9ate 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii73 ?us ^? :o h be5 orda9$ receive ,holy ,communion1 z also d ^? :o h be5 baptiz$1 if !y be adults4 ,! rema9+ sacram5ts may be comp>$ to "o ano!r 9 sev]al ways4 ,= on ! gr\nd ( necessity1 ,baptism is ! greate/ ( ! sacram5ts2 :ile f ! po9t ( view ( p]fection1 ord] comes fir/2 :ile ,confirmation holds a middle place4 ,! sacram5ts ( ,p5ance & ,extreme ,unction are on a degree inf]ior to ^? m5tion$ above2 because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 !y are orda9$ to ! ,*ri/ian life1 n directly1 b accid5tally1 z x 71 t is to say1 z rem$ies aga9/ sup]v5+ defects4 ,& among ^!1 ,extreme ,unction is comp>$ to ,p5ance1 z ,confirmation to ,baptism2 9 su* a way1 t ,p5ance is m necess>y1 :]eas ,extreme ,unction is m p]fect4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,matrimony is orda9$ to ! common good z reg>ds ! body4 ,b ! common spiritual good ( ! :ole ,*ur* is conta9$ sub/antially 9 ! sacram5t itself ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by ord] & ,confirmation ! fai?ful ( ,*ri/ are deput$ to c]ta9 special duties2 & ?is c be done by ! pr9ce alone4 ,consequ5tly ! conf]r+ ( ^! sacram5ts belongs exclusively to a bi%op1 :o is1 z x 71 a pr9ce 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,b a man is n deput$ to any duty by ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 r is ?is sacram5t ! end ( all duties1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! sacram5tal "*1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #c71 is a k9d ( p>ticipation 9 ,*ri/'s prie/hood4 ,:]e=e ! sacram5t t unites man to ,*ri/ ,himself1 is great] ?an a sacram5t t impr9ts ,*ri/'s "*4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,?is argum5t proce$s on ! gr\nd ( necessity4 ,= ?us ,baptism1 be+ ( ! greate/ necessity1 is ! greate/ ( ! sacram5ts1 j z ord] & ,confirmation h a c]ta9 excell5ce consid]$ 9 _! adm9i/ration2 & ,matrimony by reason ( its signification4 ,= !re is no reason :y a ?+ %\ld n be great] f a c]ta9 po9t ( view :i* is n great] absolutely speak+4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fe1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,all ! ,sacram5ts ,are ,necess>y = ,salvation8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t all ! sacram5ts are necess>y = salvation4 ,= :at is n necess>y seems to be sup]flu\s4 ,b no sacram5t is sup]flu\s1 because ,god does no?+ )\t a purpose 7,de ,coelo et ,mundo i74 ,!re=e all ! sacram5ts are necess>y = salvation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 j z x is said ( ,baptism 7,john #c3e73 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] 9 to ! k+dom ( ,god1 s ( ! ,eu*>i/ is x said 7,john #f3ed73 ,except y eat ( ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man1 & dr9k ( ,8 blood1 y %all n h life 9 y4 ,!re=e1 j z ,baptism is a necess>y sacram5t1 s is ! ,eu*>i/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a man c be sav$ )\t ! sacram5t ( ,baptism1 provid$ t "s unavoidable ob/acle1 & n 8 contempt = religion1 deb> him f ! sacram5t1 z we %all /ate fur!r on 7,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #b74 ,b contempt ( religion 9 any sacram5t is a h9drance to salvation4 ,!re=e1 9 l mann]1 all ! sacram5ts are necess>y = salvation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ildr5 are sav$ by ,baptism alone )\t ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,i answ] t1 ,necessity ( end1 ( :i* we speak n[1 is tw(old4 ,fir/1 a ?+ may be necess>y s t )\t x ! end _c be atta9$2 ?us food is necess>y = human life4 ,& ?is is simple necessity ( end4 ,secondly1 a ?+ is said to be necess>y1 if1 )\t x1 ! end _c be atta9$ s becom+ly3 ?us a horse is necess>y = a j\rney4 ,b ?is is n simple necessity ( end4 ,9 ! fir/ way1 ?ree sacram5ts are necess>y = salvation4 ,two ( !m are necess>y to ! individual2 ,baptism1 simply & absolutely2 ,p5ance1 9 ! case ( mortal s9 committ$ aft] ,baptism2 :ile ! sacram5t ( ord] is necess>y to ! ,*ur*1 s9ce :]e !re is no gov]nor ! p %all fall 7,prov4 #aa3ad74 ,b 9 ! second way ! o!r sacram5ts are necess>y4 ,= 9 a s5se ,confirmation p]fects ,baptism2 ,extreme ,unction p]fects ,p5ance2 :ile ,matrimony1 by multiply+ !m1 pres]ves ! numb]s 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,= a ?+ n to be sup]flu\s x is en\gh if x be necess>y ei!r 9 ! fir/ or ! second way4 ,x is ?us t ! sacram5ts are necess>y1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,^! words ( our ,"l are to be und]/ood ( spiritual1 & n ( m]ely sacram5tal1 eat+1 z ,augu/9e expla9s 7,tract4 xxvi sup] ,joan474 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh contempt ( any ( ! sacram5ts is a h9drance to salvation1 yet x does n am\nt to contempt ( ! sacram5t1 if anyone does n tr\ble to receive a sacram5t t is n necess>y = salvation4 ,else ^? :o d n receive ord]s1 & ^? :o d n contract ,matrimony1 w\ld be guilty ( contempt ( ^? sacram5ts4 ,,"q #ff ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,( ,,baptism 7,9 ,twelve ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ea* sacram5t specially3 7#a7 ,baptism2 7#b7 ,confirmation2 7#c7 ! ,eu*>i/2 7#d7 ,p5ance2 7#e7 ,extreme ,unction2 7#f7 ,ord]2 7#g7 ,matrimony4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/1 our consid]ation w be tw(old3 7#a7 ( ,baptism itself2 7#b7 ( ?+s prep>atory to ,baptism4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/1 f\r po9ts arise = our consid]ation3 7#a7 ,?+s p]ta9+ to ! sacram5t ( ,baptism2 7#b7 ,! m9i/] ( ?is sacram5t2 7#c7 ,! recipi5ts ( ?is sacram5t2 7#d7 ,! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ !re are twelve po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:at is ,baptism8 ,is x a wa%+8 7#b7 ,( ! in/itution ( ?is sacram5t2 7#c7 ,:e!r wat] be ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t8 7#d7 ,:e!r pla9 wat] be requir$8 7#e7 ,:e!r ?is be a suitable =m ( ?is sacram5t3 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/8 7#f7 ,:e!r "o c\ld baptize ) ?is =m3 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/8 7#g7 ,:e!r imm]sion is necess>y = ,baptism8 7#h7 ,:e!r tr9e imm]sion is necess>y8 7#i7 ,:e!r ,baptism c be reit]at$8 7#aj7 ,( ! ,baptismal rite2 7#aa7 ,( ! v>i\s k9ds ( ,baptism2 7#ab7 ,( ! comp>ison betwe5 v>i\s ,baptisms4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,baptism ,is ! ,m]e ,wa%+8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,baptism is n ! m]e wa%+4 ,= ! wa%+ ( ! body is some?+ transitory3 b ,baptism is some?+ p]man5t4 ,!re=e ,baptism is n ! m]e wa%+2 b r is x ! reg5]ation1 ! seal1 ! safegu>d+1 ! enlight5m5t1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv74 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor says 7,de ,sacram4 ii7 t ,baptism is wat] sanctifi$ by ,god's ^w = ! blott+ out ( s9s4 ,b ! wa%+ itself is n wat]1 b a c]ta9 use ( wat]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx sup] ,joan473 ,! ^w is add$ to ! elem5t1 & ?is becomes a sacram5t4 ,n[1 ! elem5t is ! wat]4 ,!re=e ,baptism is ! wat] & n ! wa%+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #cd3cj73 ,he t wa%e? himself 7baptizatur7 aft] t\*+ ! dead1 if he t\* him aga91 :at does 8 wa%+ avail8 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,baptism is ! wa%+ or ba?+4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism1 ?ree ?+s may be consid]$3 namely1 t :i* is sacram5t only2 t :i* is reality & sacram5t2 & t :i* is reality only4 ,t :i* is sacram5t only1 is some?+ visible & outw>d2 ! sign1 namely1 ( ! inw>d effect3 = su* is ! v nature ( a sacram5t4 ,& ?is outw>d some?+ t c be p]ceiv$ by ! s5se is bo? ! wat] itself & its use1 :i* is ! wa%+4 ,h5ce "s h ?\ght t ! wat] itself is ! sacram5t3 :i* seems to be ! mean+ ( ! passage quot$ f ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor4 ,= 9 ! g5]al def9ition ( a sacram5t he says t x is a mat]ial elem5t3 & 9 def9+ ,baptism he says x is wat]4 ,b ?is is n true4 ,= s9ce ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law effect a c]ta9 sanctification1 !re ! sacram5t is complet$ :]e ! sanctification is complet$4 ,n[1 ! sanctification is n complet$ 9 wat]2 b a c]ta9 sanctify+ in/rum5tal virtue1 n p]man5t b transi5t1 passes f ! wat]1 9 :i* x is1 into man :o is ! subject ( true sanctification4 ,consequ5tly ! sacram5t is n complet$ 9 ! v wat]1 b 9 apply+ ! wat] to man1 i4e4 9 ! wa%+4 ,h5ce ! ,ma/] 7iv1 #c7 says t ,baptism is ! outw>d wa%+ ( ! body done toge!r ) ! prescrib$ =m ( words4 ,! ,baptismal "* is bo? reality & sacram5t3 because x is some?+ real signifi$ by ! outw>d wa%+2 & a sacram5tal sign ( ! inw>d ju/ification3 & ?is la/ is ! reality only1 9 ?is sacram5t--namely1 ! reality signifi$ & n signify+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,t :i* is bo? sacram5t & reality--i4e4 ! "*--& t :i* is reality only--i4e4 ! inw>d ju/ification--rema93 ! "* rema9s & is indelible1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #e72 ! ju/ification rema9s1 b c be lo/4 ,consequ5tly ,damasc5e def9$ ,baptism1 n z to t :i* is done outw>dly1 & is ! sacram5t only2 b z to t :i* is inw>d4 ,h5ce he sets d[n two ?+s z p]ta9+ to ! "*--namely1 seal & safegu>d+2 inasmu* z ! "* :i* is call$ a seal1 s f> z itself is conc]n$1 safegu>ds ! s\l 9 good4 ,he also sets d[n two ?+s z p]ta9+ to ! ultimate reality ( ! sacram5t--namely1 reg5]ation :i* ref]s to ! fact t man by be+ baptiz$ beg9s ! new life ( righte\sness2 & enlight5m5t1 :i* ref]s especially to fai?1 by :i* man receives spiritual life1 accord+ to ,habac #b 7,heb4 #aj3ch2 cf4 ,habac #b3d73 ,b 7,my7 j man live? by fai?2 & ,baptism is a sort ( prote/ation ( fai?2 :5ce x is call$ ! ,sacram5t ( ,fai?4 ,likewise ,dionysius def9$ ,baptism by its relation to ! o!r sacram5ts1 say+ 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii7 t x is ! pr9ciple t =ms ! habits ( ! s\l = ! reception ( ^? mo/ holy words & sacram5ts2 & aga9 by its relation to heav5ly glory1 :i* is ! univ]sal end ( all ! sacram5ts1 :5 he adds1 prep>+ ! way = u1 :]eby we m\nt to ! repose ( ! heav5ly k+dom2 & aga9 z to ! beg9n+ ( spiritual life1 :5 he adds1 ! conf]r+ ( our mo/ sacr$ & ,godlike reg5]ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z already /at$1 ! op9ion ( ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor on ?is "q is n to be foll[$4 ,nev]!less ! say+ t ,baptism is wat] may be v]ifi$ 9 s f> z wat] is ! mat]ial pr9ciple ( ,baptism3 & ?us !re w\ld be causal pr$ication4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,:5 ! words are add$1 ! elem5t becomes a sacram5t1 n 9 ! elem5t itself1 b 9 man1 to :om ! elem5t is appli$1 by be+ us$ 9 wa%+ him4 ,inde$1 ?is is signifi$ by ^? v words :i* are add$ to ! elem5t1 :5 we say3 ,i baptize !e1 etc4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,baptism ,0 ,in/itut$ ,aft] ,*ri/'s ,passion8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,baptism 0 in/itut$ aft] ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,= ! cause prec$es ! effect4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s ,passion op]ates 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion prec$es ! in/itution ( ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law3 especially ! sacram5t ( ,baptism s9ce ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #f3c73 ,all we1 :o are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 are baptiz$ 9 ,8 dea?1 etc4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law d]ive _! efficacy f ! m&ate ( ,*ri/4 ,b ,*ri/ gave ! disciples ! m&ate ( ,baptism aft] ,8 ,passion & ,resurrection1 :5 ,he said3 ,go+1 tea* ye all nations1 baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 etc4 7,matt4 #bh3ai74 ,!re=e x seems t ,baptism 0 in/itut$ aft] ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is a necess>y sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #d73 :]e=e1 seem+ly1 x mu/ h be5 b9d+ on man z soon z x 0 in/itut$4 ,b be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion m5 7 n b\nd to be baptiz$3 = ,circumcision 0 /ill 9 =ce1 :i* 0 supplant$ by ,baptism4 ,!re=e x seems t ,baptism 0 n in/itut$ be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7,app5d4 ,s]m41 clxxxv73 ,z soon z ,*ri/ 0 plung$ into ! wat]s1 ! wat]s wa%$ away ! s9s ( all4 ,b ?is 0 be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,!re=e ,baptism 0 in/itut$ be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a71 sacram5ts d]ive f _! in/itution ! p[] ( conf]r+ grace4 ,:]e=e x seems t a sacram5t is !n in/itut$1 :5 x receives ! p[] ( produc+ its effect4 ,n[ ,baptism receiv$ ?is p[] :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$4 ,consequ5tly ,baptism 0 truly in/itut$ !n1 if we consid] x z a sacram5t4 ,b ! obligation ( receiv+ ?is sacram5t 0 proclaim$ to mank9d aft] ! ,passion & ,resurrection4 ,fir/1 because ,*ri/'s ,passion put an end to ! figurative sacram5ts1 :i* 7 supplant$ by ,baptism & ! o!r sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law4 ,secondly1 because by ,baptism man is made con=mable to ,*ri/'s ,passion & ,resurrection1 9 s f> z he dies to s9 & beg9s to live anew unto righte\sness4 ,consequ5tly x behoov$ ,*ri/ to suff] & to rise aga91 be=e proclaim+ to man 8 obligation ( con=m+ himself to ,*ri/'s ,dea? & ,resurrection4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,ev5 be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ,baptism1 inasmu* z x =e%ad[$ x1 d]iv$ its efficacy !refrom2 b n 9 ! same way z ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law4 ,= ^! 7 m]e figures3 :]eas ,baptism d]iv$ ! p[] ( ju/ify+ f ,*ri/ ,himself1 to ,^: p[] ! ,passion itself ow$ its sav+ virtue4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x 0 n meet t m5 %\ld be re/rict$ to a numb] ( figures by ,*ri/1 ,:o came to fulfil & replace ! figure by ,8 reality4 ,!re=e be=e ,8 ,passion ,he did n make ,baptism obligatory z soon z x 0 in/itut$2 b wi%$ m5 to become accu/om$ to its use2 especially 9 reg>d to ! ,jews1 to :om all ?+s 7 figurative1 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 iv74 ,b aft] ,8 ,passion & ,resurrection ,he made ,baptism obligatory1 n only on ! ,jews1 b also on ! ,g5tiles1 :5 ,he gave ! comm&m5t3 ,go+1 tea* ye all nations4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,sacram5ts are n obligatory except :5 we are comm&$ to receive !m4 ,& ?is 0 n be=e ! ,passion1 z /at$ above4 ,= our ,"l's words to ,nicodemus 7,john #c3e71 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god1 seem to ref] to ! future r ?an to ! pres5t4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,wat] ,is ! ,prop] ,matt] ( ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t wat] is n ! prop] matt] ( ,baptism4 ,= ,baptism1 accord+ to ,dionysius 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v7 & ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv71 has a p[] ( enlight5+4 ,b enlight5m5t is a special *>act]i/ic ( fire4 ,!re=e ,baptism %\ld be conf]r$ ) fire r ?an ) wat]3 & all ! m s9ce ,john ! ,bapti/ said :5 =etell+ ,*ri/'s ,baptism 7,matt4 #c3aa73 ,he %all baptize y 9 ! ,holy ,gho/ & fire4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! wa%+ away ( s9s is signifi$ 9 ,baptism4 ,b _m o!r ?+s besides wat] are employ$ 9 wa%+1 su* z w9e1 oil1 & su* l4 ,!re=e ,baptism c be conf]r$ ) ^! also2 & consequ5tly wat] is n ! prop] matt] ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* fl[$ f ! side ( ,*ri/ hang+ on ! cross1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e74 ,b n only wat] fl[$ !refrom1 b also blood4 ,!re=e x seems t ,baptism c also be conf]r$ ) blood4 ,& ?is seems to be m 9 keep+ ) ! effect ( ,baptism1 because x is writt5 7,apoc4 #a3e73 7,:o7 wa%$ u f our s9s 9 ,8 own blood4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e 7cf4 ,ma/] ( ! ,s5t5ces1 iv1 #c7 & ,b$e 7,exposit4 9 ,luc4 iii1 #ba7 say1 ,*ri/1 by ! t\* ( ,8 mo/ pure fle%1 end[$ ! wat]s ) a reg5]at+ & cleans+ virtue4 ,b all wat]s are n connect$ ) ! wat]s ( ! ,jordan :i* ,*ri/ t\*$ ) ,8 fle%4 ,consequ5tly x seems t ,baptism _c be conf]r$ ) any wat]2 & !re=e wat]1 z su*1 is n ! prop] matt] ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 if wat]1 z su*1 7 ! prop] matt] ( ,baptism1 !re w\ld be no ne$ to d any?+ to ! wat] be=e us+ x = ,baptism4 ,b 9 solemn ,baptism ! wat] :i* is us$ = baptiz+1 is exorciz$ & bless$4 ,!re=e x seems t wat]1 z su*1 is n ! prop] matt] ( ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,john #c3e73 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,i answ] t1 ,by ,div9e in/itution wat] is ! prop] matt] ( ,baptism2 & ) reason4 ,fir/1 by reason ( ! v nature ( ,baptism1 :i* is a reg5]ation unto spiritual life4 ,& ?is answ]s to ! nature ( wat] 9 a special degree2 :]e=e se$s1 f :i* all liv+ ?+s1 viz4 plants & animals are g5]at$1 are moi/ & ak9 to wat]4 ,= ?is reason c]ta9 philosoph]s held t wat] is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( all ?+s4 ,secondly1 9 reg>d to ! effects ( ,baptism1 to :i* ! prop]ties ( wat] correspond4 ,= by reason ( its moi/ness x cleanses2 & h5ce x fitt+ly signifies & causes ! cleans+ f s9s4 ,by reason ( its coolness x temp]s sup]flu\s heat3 :]e=e x fitt+ly mitigates ! concupisc5ce ( ! fomes4 ,by reason ( its transp>5cy1 x is susceptive ( light2 h5ce its adaptability to ,baptism z ! sacram5t ( ,fai?4 ,?irdly1 because x is suitable = ! signification ( ! my/]ies ( ,*ri/1 by :i* we are ju/ifi$4 ,=1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xxv 9 ,joan47 on ,john #c3e1 ,unless a man be born aga91 etc41 ,:5 we dip our heads "u ! wat] z 9 a k9d ( tomb our old man is buri$1 & be+ subm]g$ is hidd5 bel[1 & !nce he rises aga9 r5ew$4 ,f\r?ly1 because by be+ s univ]sal & abundant1 x is a matt] suitable to our ne$ ( ?is sacram5t3 = x c easily be obta9$ ev]y:]e4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,fire enlight5s actively4 ,b he :o is baptiz$ does n become an enlight5]1 b is enlight5$ by fai?1 :i* come? by he>+ 7,rom4 #aj3ag74 ,consequ5tly wat] is m suitable1 ?an fire1 = ,baptism4 ,b :5 we f9d x said3 ,he %all baptize y 9 ! ,holy ,gho/ & fire1 we may und]/& fire1 z ,j]ome says 7,9 ,mat?4 ii71 to mean ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o appe>$ above ! disciples "u ! =m ( fi]y tongues 7,acts #b3c74 ,or we may und]/& x to mean tribulation1 z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 iii 9 ,mat?473 because tribulation wa%es away s91 & temp]s concupisc5ce4 ,or aga91 z ,hil>y says 7,sup] ,mat?4 ii7 t :5 we h be5 baptiz$ 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 we /ill h to be p]fect$ by ! fire ( ! judgm5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,w9e & oil are n s commonly us$ = wa%+1 z wat]4 ,nei!r d !y wa% s effici5tly3 = :atev] is wa%$ ) !m1 contracts a c]ta9 smell !refrom2 :i* is n ! case if wat] be us$4 ,moreov]1 !y are n s univ]sal or s abundant z wat]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,wat] fl[$ f ,*ri/'s side to wa% u2 blood1 to r$eem u4 ,:]e=e blood belongs to ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :ile wat] belongs to ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,yet ?is latt] sacram5t d]ives its cleans+ virtue f ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s blood4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/'s p[] fl[$ into all wat]s1 by reason (1 n connection ( place1 b lik5ess ( species1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7,app5d4 ,s]m4 cxxxv73 ,! bless+ t fl[$ f ! ,savi\r's ,baptism1 l a my/ic riv]1 swell$ ! c\rse ( e /ream1 & fill$ ! *annels ( e spr+4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,! bless+ ( ! wat] is n ess5tial to ,baptism1 b belongs to a c]ta9 solemnity1 :]eby ! devotion ( ! fai?ful is ar\s$1 & ! cunn+ ( ! devil h9d]$ f imp$+ ! baptismal effect4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,pla9 ,wat] ,is ,necess>y = ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t pla9 wat] is n necess>y = ,baptism4 ,= ! wat] :i* we h is n pla9 wat]2 z appe>s especially 9 sea-wat]1 9 :i* !re is a consid]able proportion ( ! e>?ly elem5t1 z ! ,philosoph] %[s 7,meteor4 ii74 ,yet ?is wat] may be us$ = ,baptism4 ,!re=e pla9 & pure wat] is n necess>y = ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! solemn celebration ( ,baptism1 *rism is p\r$ into ! wat]4 ,b ?is seems to take away ! purity & pla9ness ( ! wat]4 ,!re=e pure & pla9 wat] is n necess>y = ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! wat] t fl[$ f ! side ( ,*ri/ hang+ on ! cross 0 a figure ( ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c1 ad #c74 ,b t wat]1 seem+ly1 0 n pure1 because ! elem5ts d n exi/ actually 9 a mix$ body1 su* z ,*ri/'s4 ,!re=e x seems t pure or pla9 wat] is n necess>y = ,baptism4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 lye does n seem to be pure wat]1 = x has ! prop]ties ( heat+ & dry+1 :i* are contr>y to ^? ( wat]4 ,nev]!less x seems t lye c be us$ = ,baptism2 = ! wat] ( ! ,ba?s c be s us$1 :i* has filt]$ ?r\gh a sulphur\s ve91 j z lye p]colates ?r\gh a%es4 ,!re=e x seems t pla9 wat] is n necess>y = ,baptism4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 rose-wat] is di/ill$ f roses1 j z *emical wat]s are di/ill$ f c]ta9 bodies4 ,b seem+ly1 su* l wat]s may be us$ 9 ,baptism2 j z ra9-wat]1 :i* is di/ill$ f vapors4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 su* wat]s are n pure & pla9 wat]1 x seems t pure & pla9 wat] is n necess>y = ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! prop] matt] ( ,baptism is wat]1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,b pla9 wat] alone has ! nature ( wat]4 ,!re=e pure pla9 wat] is necess>y = ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,wat] may cease to be pure or pla9 wat] 9 two ways3 fir/1 by be+ mix$ ) ano!r body2 secondly1 by alt]ation4 ,& ea* ( ^! may happ5 9 a tw(old mann]2 artificially & naturally4 ,n[ art fails 9 ! op]ation ( nature3 because nature gives ! sub/antial =m1 :i* art _c give2 = :atev] =m is giv5 by art is accid5tal2 except p]*ance :5 art applies a prop] ag5t to its prop] matt]1 z fire to a combu/ible2 9 :i* mann] animals are produc$ f c]ta9 ?+s by way ( putrefaction4 ,:atev] artificial *ange1 !n1 takes place 9 ! wat]1 :e!r by mixture or by alt]ation1 ! wat]'s nature is n *ang$4 ,consequ5tly su* wat] c be us$ = ,baptism3 unless p]haps su* a small quantity ( wat] be mix$ artificially ) a body t ! comp\nd is some?+ o!r ?an wat]2 ?us mud is e>? r ?an wat]1 & dilut$ w9e is w9e r ?an wat]4 ,b if ! *ange be natural1 sometimes x de/roys ! nature ( ! wat]2 & ?is is :5 by a natural process wat] ent]s into ! sub/ance ( a mix$ body3 ?us wat] *ang$ into ! juice ( ! grape is w9e1 :]e=e x has n ! nature ( wat]4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 !re may be a natural *ange ( ! wat]1 )\t de/ruction ( species3 & ?is1 bo? by alt]ation1 z we may see 9 ! case ( wat] heat$ by ! sun2 & by mixture1 z :5 ! wat] ( a riv] has become muddy by be+ mix$ ) p>ticles ( e>?4 ,we mu/ !re=e say t any wat] may be us$ = ,baptism1 no matt] h[ mu* x may be *ang$1 z long z ! species ( wat] is n de/roy$2 b if ! species ( wat] be de/roy$1 x _c be us$ = ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! *ange 9 sea-wat] & 9 o!r wat]s :i* we h to h&1 is n s great z to de/roy ! species ( wat]4 ,& !re=e su* wat]s may be us$ = ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*rism does n de/roy ! nature ( ! wat] by be+ mix$ ) x3 j z nei!r is wat] *ang$ :]e9 meat & ! l are boil$3 except ! sub/ance boil$ be s dissolv$ t ! liquor be ( a nature =eign to wat]2 9 ?is we may be guid$ by ! specific gravity 7spissitud9e74 ,if1 h[ev]1 f ! liquor ?us ?ick5$ pla9 wat] be /ra9$1 x c be us$ = ,baptism3 j z wat] /ra9$ f mud1 al?\gh mud _c be us$ = baptiz+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! wat] :i* fl[$ f ! side ( ,*ri/ hang+ on ! cross1 0 n ! phlegmatic humor1 z "s h suppos$4 ,= a liquid ( ?is k9d _c be us$ = ,baptism1 z nei!r c ! blood ( an animal1 or w9e1 or any liquid extract$ f plants4 ,x 0 pure wat] gu%+ =? miracul\sly l ! blood f a dead body1 to prove ! reality ( our ,"l's body1 & confute ! error ( ! ,mani*ees3 wat]1 :i* is "o ( ! f\r elem5ts1 %[+ ,*ri/'s body to be compos$ ( ! f\r elem5ts2 blood1 prov+ t x 0 compos$ ( ! f\r humors4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,baptism may be conf]r$ ) lye & ! wat]s ( ,sulphur ,ba?s3 because su* l wat]s are n incorporat$1 artificially or naturally1 ) c]ta9 mix$ bodies1 & suff] only a c]ta9 alt]ation by pass+ ?r\gh c]ta9 bodies4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,rose-wat] is a liquid di/ill$ f roses3 consequ5tly x _c be us$ = ,baptism4 ,= ! same reason *emical wat]s _c be us$1 z nei!r c w9e4 ,nor does ! comp>ison hold ) ra9-wat]1 :i* = ! mo/ "p is =m$ by ! cond5s+ ( vapors1 !mselves =m$ f wat]1 & conta9s a m9imum ( ! liquid matt] f mix$ bodies2 :i* liquid matt] by ! =ce ( nature1 :i* is /rong] ?an art1 is trans=m$ 9 ?is process ( cond5sation into real wat]1 a result :i* _c be produc$ artificially4 ,consequ5tly ra9-wat] reta9s no prop]ties ( any mix$ body2 :i* _c be said ( rose-wat] or *emical wat]s4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,?is ,be a ,suitable ,=m ( ,baptism3 ,i ,baptize ,!e 9 ! ,"n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is is n a suitable =m ( ,baptism3 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= action %\ld be ascrib$ to ! pr9cipal ag5t r ?an to ! m9i/]4 ,n[ ! m9i/] ( a sacram5t acts z an in/rum5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #a72 :ile ! pr9cipal ag5t 9 ,baptism is ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,john #a3cc1 ,he ^u ,:om ?\ %alt see ! ,_s desc5d+ & rema9+ ^u ,him1 ,he x is t baptize?4 ,x is !re=e unbecom+ = ! m9i/] to say1 ,i baptize !e3 ! m s t ,ego 7,i7 is und]/ood 9 ! ^w baptizo 7,i baptize71 s t x seems r$undant4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 !re is no ne$ = a man :o does an action1 to make m5tion ( ! action done2 ?us he :o tea*es1 ne$ n say1 ,i tea* y4 ,n[ our ,"l gave at ! same "t ! precepts bo? ( baptiz+ & ( tea*+1 :5 ,he said 7,matt4 #bh3ai73 ,go+1 tea* ye all nations1 etc4 ,!re=e !re is no ne$ 9 ! =m ( ,baptism to m5tion ! action ( baptiz+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! p]son baptiz$ sometimes does n und]/& ! words2 = in/ance1 if he be deaf1 or a *ild4 ,b x is useless to address su* a "o2 accord+ to ,ecclus4 #cb3f3 ,:]e !re is no he>+1 p\r n out words4 ,!re=e x is unfitt+ to address ! p]son baptiz$ ) ^! words3 ,i baptize !e4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x may happ5 t sev]al are baptiz$ by sev]al at ! same "t2 ?us ! apo/les on "o day baptiz$ ?ree ?\s&1 & on ano!r1 five ?\s& 7,acts #b1 #d74 ,!re=e ! =m ( ,baptism %\ld n be limit$ to ! s+ul> numb] 9 ! words1 ,i baptize !e3 b "o %\ld be able to say1 ,we baptize y4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism d]ives its p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,b ,baptism is sanctifi$ by ! =m4 ,!re=e x seems t ,*ri/'s ,passion %\ld be m5tion$ 9 ! =m ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 a "n signifies a ?+'s prop]ty4 ,b !re are ?ree ,p]sonal ,prop]ties ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #cb1 ,a4 #c74 ,!re=e we %\ld n say1 9 ! "n1 b 9 ! names ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r is designat$ n only by ! "n ,fa!r1 b also by t ( ,unbegott5 & ,begett]2 & ! ,son by ^? ( ,^w1 ,image1 & ,begott52 & ! ,holy ,gho/ by ^? ( ,gift1 ,love1 & ! ,proce$+ ,"o4 ,!re=e x seems t ,baptism is valid if conf]r$ 9 ^! names4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,matt4 #bh3ai73 ,go+ 4 4 4 tea* ye all nations1 baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,i answ] t1 ,baptism receives its consecration f its =m1 accord+ to ,eph4 #e3bf3 ,cleans+ x by ! lav] ( wat] 9 ! ^w ( life4 ,& ,augu/9e says 7,de ,unico ,baptismo iv7 t ,baptism is consecrat$ by ! words ( ! ,gospel4 ,consequ5tly ! cause ( ,baptism ne$s to be express$ 9 ! baptismal =m4 ,n[ ?is cause is tw(old2 ! pr9cipal cause f :i* x d]ives its virtue1 & ?is is ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity2 & ! in/rum5tal cause1 viz4 ! m9i/] :o conf]s ! sacram5t outw>dly4 ,:]e=e bo? causes %\ld be express$ 9 ! =m ( ,baptism4 ,n[ ! m9i/] is designat$ by ! words1 ,i baptize !e2 & ! pr9cipal cause 9 ! words1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e ?is is ! suitable =m ( ,baptism3 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,action is attribut$ to an in/rum5t z to ! imm$iate ag5t2 b to ! pr9cipal ag5t inasmu* z ! in/rum5t acts 9 virtue !re(4 ,consequ5tly x is fitt+ t 9 ! baptismal =m ! m9i/] %\ld be m5tion$ z p]=m+ ! act ( baptiz+1 9 ! words1 ,i baptize !e2 inde$1 our ,"l attribut$ to ! m9i/]s ! act ( baptiz+1 :5 ,he said3 ,baptiz+ !m1 etc4 ,b ! pr9cipal cause is indicat$ z conf]r+ ! sacram5t by ,8 own p[]1 9 ! words1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 = ,*ri/ does n baptize )\t ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! ,greeks1 h[ev]1 d n attribute ! act ( baptiz+ to ! m9i/]1 9 ord] to avoid ! error ( ^? :o 9 ! pa/ ascrib$ ! baptismal p[] to ! baptiz]s1 say+ 7#a ,cor4 #a3ab73 ,i am ( ,paul 4 4 4 & ,i ( ,cephas4 ,:]e=e !y use ! =m3 ,may ! s]vant ( ,*ri/1 ,n 4 4 41 be baptiz$1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 etc4 ,& s9ce ! action p]=m$ by ! m9i/] is express$ ) ! invocation ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! sacram5t is validly conf]r$4 ,z to ! addition ( ,ego 9 our =m1 x is n ess5tial2 b x is add$ 9 ord] to lay great] /ress on ! int5tion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s9ce a man may be wa%$ ) wat] = sev]al reasons1 ! purpose = :i* x is done mu/ be express$ by ! words ( ! =m4 ,& ?is is n done by say+3 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 because we are b\nd to d all ?+s 9 t ,"n 7,col4 #c3ag74 ,:]e=e unless ! act ( baptiz+ be express$1 ei!r z we d1 or z ! ,greeks d1 ! sacram5t is n valid2 accord+ to ! decretal ( ,alex&] ,,iii3 ,if anyone dip a *ild ?rice 9 ! wat] 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,am51 )\t say+1 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,am51 ! *ild is n baptiz$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! words :i* are utt]$ 9 ! sacram5tal =ms1 are said n m]ely = ! purpose ( signification1 b also = ! purpose ( effici5cy1 inasmu* z !y d]ive efficacy f t ,^w1 by ,:om all ?+s 7 made4 ,consequ5tly !y are becom+ly address$ n only to m51 b also to ins5sible creatures2 = in/ance1 :5 we say3 ,i exorcize !e1 creature salt 7,roman ,ritual74 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,sev]al _c baptize "o at ! same "t3 because an action is multipli$ accord+ to ! numb] ( ! ag5ts1 if x be done p]fectly by ea*4 ,s t if two 7 to comb9e1 ( :om "o 7 mute1 & unable to utt] ! words1 & ! o!r 7 )\t h&s1 & unable to p]=m ! action1 !y c\ld n bo? baptize at ! same "t1 "o say+ ! words & ! o!r p]=m+ ! action4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 a case ( necessity1 sev]al c\ld be baptiz$ at ! same "t2 = no s+le "o ( !m w\ld receive m ?an "o baptism4 ,b x w\ld be necess>y1 9 t case1 to say3 ,i baptize ye4 ,nor w\ld ?is be a *ange ( =m1 because ye is ! same z !e & !e4 ,:]eas we does n mean ,i & ,i1 b ,i & ?\2 s t ?is w\ld be a *ange ( =m4 ,likewise x w\ld be a *ange ( =m to say1 ,i baptize myself3 consequ5tly no "o c baptize himself4 ,= ?is reason did ,*ri/ *oose to be baptiz$ by ,john 7,extra1 ,de ,baptismo et ejus effectu1 cap4 ,debitum74 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,al?\gh ,*ri/'s ,passion is ! pr9cipal cause z comp>$ to ! m9i/]1 yet x is an in/rum5tal cause z comp>$ to ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity4 ,= ?is reason ! ,tr9ity is m5tion$ r ?an ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,al?\gh !re are ?ree p]sonal names ( ! ?ree ,p]sons1 !re is b "o ess5tial "n4 ,n[ ! ,div9e p[] :i* works 9 ,baptism1 p]ta9s to ! ,ess5ce2 & !re=e we say1 9 ! "n1 & n1 9 ! names4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,j z wat] is us$ 9 ,baptism1 because x is m commonly employ$ 9 wa%+1 s = ! purpose ( designat+ ! ?ree ,p]sons1 9 ! =m ( ,baptism1 ^? names are *os51 :i* are g5]ally us$1 9 a p>ticul> language1 to signify ! ,p]sons4 ,nor is ! sacram5t valid if conf]r$ 9 any o!r names4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,baptism ,c ,be ,conf]r$ 9 ! ,"n ( ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,baptism c be conf]r$ 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,= j z !re is "o ,fai?1 s is !re "o ,baptism 7,eph4 #d3e74 ,b x is relat$ 7,acts #h3ab7 t 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ !y 7 baptiz$1 bo? m5 & wom54 ,!re=e n[ also c ,baptism be conf]r$ 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,spir4 ,sanct4 i73 ,if y m5tion ,*ri/1 y designate bo? ! ,fa!r by ,:om ,he 0 ano9t$1 & ! ,son ,himself1 ,:o 0 ano9t$1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ ) ,:om ,he 0 ano9t$4 ,b ,baptism c be conf]r$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity3 !re=e also 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,pope ,ni*olas ,i1 answ]+ que/ions put to him by ! ,bulg>s1 said3 ,^? :o h be5 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity1 or only 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 z we read 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les 7x is all ! same1 z ,bless$ ,ambrose sai?71 mu/ n be rebaptiz$4 ,b !y w\ld be baptiz$ aga9 if !y _h n be5 validly baptiz$ ) t =m4 ,!re=e ,baptism c be celebrat$ 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ by us+ ?is =m3 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,pelagius ,,ii wrote to ! ,bi%op ,gaud5tius3 ,if any p liv+ 9 y\r ,wor%ip's neighborhood1 av[ t !y h be5 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l only1 )\t any hesitation baptize !m aga9 9 ! "n ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity1 :5 !y come 9 que/ ( ! ,ca?olic ,fai?4 ,didymus1 too1 says 7,de ,spir4 ,sanct473 ,if inde$ !re be su* a "o ) a m9d s =eign to fai? z to baptize :ile omitt+ "o ( ! a=esaid names1 viz4 ( ! ?ree ,p]sons1 he baptizes invalidly4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #c71 ! sacram5ts d]ive _! efficacy f ,*ri/'s in/itution4 ,consequ5tly1 if any ( ^? ?+s be omitt$ :i* ,*ri/ in/itut$ 9 reg>d to a sacram5t1 x is invalid2 save by special disp5sation ( ,him ,:o did n b9d ,8 p[] to ! sacram5ts4 ,n[ ,*ri/ comm&$ ! sacram5t ( ,baptism to be giv5 ) ! invocation ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,& consequ5tly :atev] is lack+ to ! full invocation ( ! ,tr9ity1 de/roys ! integrity ( ,baptism4 ,nor does x matt] t 9 ! "n ( "o ,p]son ano!r is impli$1 z ! "n ( ! ,son is impli$ 9 t ( ! ,fa!r1 or t he :o m5tions ! "n ( only "o ,p]son may believe aright 9 ! ,?ree2 because j z a sacram5t requires s5sible matt]1 s does x require a s5sible =m4 ,h5ce1 = ! validity ( ! sacram5t x is n en\gh to imply or to believe 9 ! ,tr9ity1 unless ! ,tr9ity be express$ 9 s5sible words4 ,= ?is reason at ,*ri/'s ,baptism1 :]e9 0 ! s\rce ( ! sanctification ( our ,baptism1 ! ,tr9ity 0 pres5t 9 s5sible signs3 viz4 ! ,fa!r 9 ! voice1 ! ,son 9 ! human nature1 ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! dove4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x 0 by a special revelation f ,*ri/ t 9 ! primitive ,*ur* ! apo/les baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/2 9 ord] t ! "n ( ,*ri/1 :i* 0 hateful to ,jews & ,g5tiles1 might become an object ( v5]ation1 9 t ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 giv5 9 ,baptism at ! invocation ( t ,"n4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ambrose "h gives ?is reason :y exception c\ld1 )\t inconsi/5cy1 be all[$ 9 ! primitive ,*ur*2 namely1 because ! :ole ,tr9ity is impli$ 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e ! =m prescrib$ by ,*ri/ 9 ! ,gospel 0 obs]v$ 9 its integrity1 at lea/ implicitly4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,pope ,nicolas confirms 8 words by quot+ ! two au?orities giv5 9 ! prec$+ objections3 :]e=e ! answ] to ?is is cle> f ! two solutions giv5 above4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,imm]sion 9 ,wat] ,is ,necess>y = ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t imm]sion 9 wat] is necess>y = ,baptism4 ,because x is writt5 7,eph4 #d3e73 ,"o fai?1 "o baptism4 ,b 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w ! ord9>y way ( baptiz+ is by imm]sion4 ,!re=e x seems t !re c be no ,baptism )\t imm]sion4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #f3c1 #d73 ,all we :o are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 are baptiz$ 9 ,8 dea?3 = we are buri$ toge!r ) ,him1 by ,baptism into dea?4 ,b ?is is done by imm]sion3 = ,*ryso/om says on ,john #c3e3 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 etc43 ,:5 we dip our heads "u ! wat] z 9 a k9d ( tomb1 our old man is buri$1 & be+ subm]g$1 is hidd5 bel[1 & !nce he rises aga9 r5ew$4 ,!re=e x seems t imm]sion is ess5tial to ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if ,baptism is valid )\t total imm]sion ( ! body1 x w\ld foll[ t x w\ld be equally suffici5t to p\r wat] ov] any "p ( ! body4 ,b ?is seems unreasonable2 s9ce orig9al s91 to rem$y :i* is ! pr9cipal purpose ( ,baptism1 is n 9 only "o "p ( ! body4 ,!re=e x seems t imm]sion is necess>y = ,baptism1 & t m]e spr9kl+ is n en\gh4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,heb4 #aj3bb73 ,let u draw ne> ) a true he>t 9 fulness ( fai?1 hav+ our he>ts spr9kl$ f an evil consci5ce1 & our bodies wa%$ ) clean wat]4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism wat] is put to ! use ( a wa%+ ( ! body1 :]eby to signify ! inw>d wa%+ away ( s9s4 ,n[ wa%+ may be done ) wat] n only by imm]sion1 b also by spr9kl+ or p\r+4 ,&1 !re=e1 al?\gh x is saf] to baptize by imm]sion1 because ?is is ! m ord9>y fa%ion1 yet ,baptism c be conf]r$ by spr9kl+ or also by p\r+1 accord+ to ,eze*4 #cf3be3 ,i w p\r ^u y clean wat]1 z also ! ,bless$ ,lawr5ce is relat$ to h baptiz$4 ,& ?is especially 9 cases ( urg5cy3 ei!r because !re is a great numb] to be baptiz$1 z 0 cle>ly ! case 9 ,acts #b & #d1 :]e we read t on "o day ?ree ?\s& believ$1 & on ano!r five ?\s&3 or ?r\gh !re be+ b a small supply ( wat]1 or ?r\gh feebl5ess ( ! m9i/]1 :o _c hold up ! c&idate = ,baptism2 or ?r\gh feebl5ess ( ! c&idate1 ^: life might be endang]$ by imm]sion4 ,we mu/ !re=e conclude t imm]sion is n necess>y = ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:at is accid5tal to a ?+ does n div]sify its ess5ce4 ,n[ bodily wa%+ ) wat] is ess5tial to ,baptism3 :]e=e ,baptism is call$ a lav]1 accord+ to ,eph4 #e3bf3 ,cleans+ x by ! lav] ( wat] 9 ! ^w ( life4 ,b t ! wa%+ be done ?is or t way1 is accid5tal to ,baptism4 ,& consequ5tly su* div]sity does n de/roy ! on5ess ( ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s burial is m cle>ly repres5t$ by imm]sion3 :]e=e ?is mann] ( baptiz+ is m frequ5tly 9 use & m comm5dable4 ,yet 9 ! o!r ways ( baptiz+ x is repres5t$ aft] a fa%ion1 albeit n s cle>ly2 = no matt] h[ ! wa%+ is done1 ! body ( a man1 or "s "p !re(1 is put "u wat]1 j z ,*ri/'s body 0 put "u ! e>?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! pr9cipal "p ( ! body1 especially 9 relation to ! ext]ior memb]s1 is ! head1 :]e9 all ! s5ses1 bo? int]ior & ext]ior1 fl\ri%4 ,& !re=e1 if ! :ole body _c be cov]$ ) wat]1 because ( ! sc>city ( wat]1 or because ( "s o!r reason1 x is necess>y to p\r wat] ov] ! head1 9 :i* ! pr9ciple ( animal life is made manife/4 ,& al?\gh orig9al s9 is transmitt$ ?r\gh ! memb]s t s]ve = procreation1 yet ^? memb]s are n to be spr9kl$ 9 pref]5ce to ! head1 because by ,baptism ! transmission ( orig9al s9 to ! (fspr+ by ! act ( procreation is n delet$1 b ! s\l is fre$ f ! /a9 & debt ( s9 :i* x has contract$4 ,consequ5tly t "p ( ! body %\ld be wa%$ 9 pref]5ce1 9 :i* ! works ( ! s\l are made manife/4 ,nev]!less 9 ! ,old ,law ! rem$y aga9/ orig9al s9 0 affix$ to ! memb] ( procreation2 because ,he ?r\gh ,:om orig9al s9 0 to be remov$1 0 yet to be born ( ! se$ ( ,abraham1 ^: fai? 0 signifi$ by circumcision accord+ to ,rom4 #d3aa4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,tr9e ,imm]sion ,is ,ess5tial to ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t tr9e imm]sion is ess5tial to ,baptism4 ,= ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,symbol1 address$ to ! ,neophytes3 ,rightly 7 y dipp$ ?ree times1 s9ce y 7 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,rightly 7 y dipp$ ?ree times1 because y 7 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,:o on ! ?ird day rose aga9 f ! dead4 ,= t ?rice repeat$ imm]sion reproduces ! burial ( ! ,"l by :i* y 7 buri$ ) ,*ri/ 9 ,baptism4 ,n[ bo? seem to be ess5tial to ,baptism1 namely1 t 9 ,baptism ! ,tr9ity ( ,p]sons %\ld be signifi$1 & t we %\ld be con=m$ to ,*ri/'s burial4 ,!re=e x seems t tr9e imm]sion is ess5tial to ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts d]ive _! efficacy f ,*ri/'s m&ate4 ,b tr9e imm]sion 0 comm&$ by ,*ri/3 = ,pope ,pelagius ,,ii wrote to ,bi%op ,gaud5tius3 ,! ,gospel precept giv5 by our ,"l ,god ,himself1 our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/1 admoni%es u to conf] ! sacram5t ( ,baptism to ea* "o 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity & also ) tr9e imm]sion4 ,!re=e1 j z x is ess5tial to ,baptism to call on ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity1 s is x ess5tial to baptize by tr9e imm]sion4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if tr9e imm]sion be n ess5tial to ,baptism1 x foll[s t ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is conf]r$ at ! fir/ imm]sion2 s t if a second or ?ird imm]sion be add$1 x seems t ,baptism is conf]r$ a second or ?ird "t1 :i* is absurd4 ,!re=e "o imm]sion does n suffice = ! sacram5t ( ,baptism1 & tr9e imm]sion is ess5tial !reto4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,gregory wrote to ! ,bi%op ,le&]3 ,x _c be 9 any way repreh5sible to baptize an infant ) ei!r a tr9e or a s+le imm]sion3 s9ce ! ,tr9ity c be repres5t$ 9 ! ?ree imm]sions1 & ! unity ( ! ,godhead 9 "o imm]sion4 ,i answ] t ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #g1 ad #a71 wa%+ ) wat] is ( itself requir$ = ,baptism1 be+ ess5tial to ! sacram5t3 :]eas ! mode ( wa%+ is accid5tal to ! sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 z ,gregory 9 ! words above quot$ expla9s1 bo? s+le & tr9e imm]sion are lawful consid]$ 9 !mselves2 s9ce "o imm]sion signifies ! on5ess ( ,*ri/'s dea? & ( ! ,godhead2 :ile tr9e imm]sion signifies ! ?ree days ( ,*ri/'s burial1 & also ! ,tr9ity ( ,p]sons4 ,b = v>i\s reasons1 accord+ z ! ,*ur* has orda9$1 "o mode has be5 9 practice1 at "o "t1 ! o!r at ano!r "t4 ,= s9ce f ! v e>lie/ days ( ! ,*ur* "s h _h false notions conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity1 hold+ t ,*ri/ is a m]e man1 & t ,he is n call$ ! ,son ( ,god or ,god except by reason ( ,8 m]it1 :i* 0 *iefly 9 ,8 dea?2 = ?is reason !y did n baptize 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity1 b 9 memory ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 & ) "o imm]sion4 ,& ?is 0 condemn$ 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,:]e=e 9 ! ,apo/olic ,canons 7xlix7 we read3 ,if any prie/ or bi%op conf] baptism n ) ! tr9e imm]sion 9 ! "o adm9i/ration1 b ) "o imm]sion1 :i* baptism is said to be conf]r$ by "s 9 ! dea? ( ! ,"l1 let him be depos$3 = our ,"l did n say1 ,baptize ye 9 ,my dea?1 b ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,lat] on1 h[ev]1 !re arose ! error ( c]ta9 s*ismatics & h]etics :o rebaptiz$3 z ,augu/9e 7,sup]4 ,joan41 cf4 ,de ,ha]es4 lxix7 relates ( ! ,donati/s4 ,:]e=e1 9 dete/ation ( _! error1 only "o imm]sion 0 ord]$ to be made1 by ! 7f\r?7 c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 9 ! acts ( :i* we read3 ,9 ord] to avoid ! sc&al ( s*ism or ! practice ( h]etical tea*+ let u hold to ! s+le baptismal imm]sion4 ,b n[ t ?is motive has ceas$1 tr9e imm]sion is univ]sally obs]v$ 9 ,baptism3 & consequ5tly anyone baptiz+ o!rwise w\ld s9 gravely1 ?r\gh n foll[+ ! ritual ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be valid ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,tr9ity acts z pr9cipal ag5t 9 ,baptism4 ,n[ ! lik5ess ( ! ag5t ent]s into ! effect1 9 reg>d to ! =m & n 9 reg>d to ! matt]4 ,:]e=e ! ,tr9ity is signifi$ 9 ,baptism by ! words ( ! =m4 ,nor is x ess5tial = ! ,tr9ity to be signifi$ by ! mann] 9 :i* ! matt] is us$2 al?\gh ?is is done to make ! signification cle>]4 ,9 l mann] ,*ri/'s dea? is suffici5tly repres5t$ 9 ! "o imm]sion4 ,& ! ?ree days ( ,8 burial 7 n necess>y = our salvation1 because ev5 if ,he _h be5 buri$ or dead = "o day1 ?is w\ld h be5 en\gh to consummate our r$emption3 yet ^? ?ree days 7 orda9$ unto ! manife/ation ( ! reality ( ,8 dea?1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ec1 ,a4 #b74 ,x is !re=e cle> t nei!r on ! "p ( ! ,tr9ity1 nor on ! "p ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 is ! tr9e imm]sion ess5tial to ! sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,pope ,pelagius und]/ood ! tr9e imm]sion to be orda9$ by ,*ri/ 9 its equival5t2 9 ! s5se t ,*ri/ comm&$ ,baptism to be conf]r$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,nor c we argue f ! =m to ! use ( ! matt]1 z /at$ above 7ad #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #h71 ! int5tion is ess5tial to ,baptism4 ,consequ5tly1 "o ,baptism results f ! int5tion ( ! ,*ur*'s m9i/]1 :o int5ds to conf] "o ,baptism by a tr9e imm]sion4 ,:]e=e ,j]ome says on ,eph4 #d3e1 #f3 ,?\gh ! ,baptism1 i4e4 ! imm]sion1 be ?rice repeat$1 on acc\nt ( ! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity1 yet x is reput$ z "o ,baptism4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! int5tion 7 to conf] "o ,baptism at ea* imm]sion toge!r ) ! repetition ( ! words ( ! =m1 x w\ld be a s91 9 itself1 because x w\ld be a repetition ( ,baptism4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,baptism ,may ,be ,reit]at$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,baptism may be reit]at$4 ,= ,baptism 0 in/itut$1 seem+ly1 9 ord] to wa% away s9s4 ,b s9s are reit]at$4 ,!re=e mu* m %\ld ,baptism be reit]at$3 because ,*ri/'s m]cy surpasses man's guilt4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,john ! ,bapti/ receiv$ special comm5dation f ,*ri/1 ,:o said ( him 7,matt4 #aa3aa73 ,!re ha? n ris5 among !m t are born ( wom51 a great] ?an ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,b ^? :om ,john _h baptiz$ 7 baptiz$ aga91 accord+ to ,acts #ai3a-g1 :]e x is /at$ t ,paul rebaptiz$ ^? :o _h receiv$ ! ,baptism ( ,john4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 %\ld ^? be rebaptiz$1 :o h be5 baptiz$ by h]etics or s9n]s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x 0 decre$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicaea 7,c4 xix7 t if any ( ! ,pauliani/s or ,cataphrygians %\ld be conv]t$ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 !y 7 to be baptiz$3 & ?is seem+ly %\ld be said 9 reg>d to o!r h]etics4 ,!re=e ^? :om ! h]etics h baptiz$1 %\ld be baptiz$ aga94 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is necess>y = salvation4 ,b sometimes !re is a d\bt ab\t ! baptism ( ^? :o really h be5 baptiz$4 ,!re=e x seems t !y %\ld be baptiz$ aga94 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 ! ,eu*>i/ is a m p]fect sacram5t ?an ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #c74 ,b ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ is reit]at$4 ,mu* m reason1 !re=e1 is !re = ,baptism to be reit]at$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt51 7,eph4 #d3e73 ,"o fai?1 "o ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,baptism _c be reit]at$4 ,fir/1 because ,baptism is a spiritual reg5]ation2 inasmu* z a man dies to ! old life1 & beg9s to lead ! new life4 ,:5ce x is writt5 7,john #c3e73 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,he _c see ,vulg43 'ent] into' ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,n[ "o man c be begott5 b once4 ,:]e=e ,baptism _c be reit]at$1 j z nei!r c c>nal g5]ation4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says on ,john #c3d3 ',c he ent] a second "t into 8 "m's womb & be born aga9'3 ,s ?\1 says he1 mu/ und]/& ! bir? ( ! ,_s1 z ,nicodemus und]/ood ! bir? ( ! fle% 4 4 4 4 ,z !re is no return to ! womb1 s nei!r is !re to ,baptism4 ,secondly1 because we are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/'s dea?1 by :i* we die unto s9 & rise aga9 unto newness ( life 7cf4 ,rom4 #f3c1 #d74 ,n[ ,*ri/ di$ b once 7,rom4 #f3aj74 ,:]e=e nei!r %\ld ,baptism be reit]at$4 ,= ?is reason 7,heb4 #f3f7 is x said aga9/ "s :o wi%$ to be baptiz$ aga93 ,crucify+ aga9 to !mselves ! ,son ( ,god2 on :i* ! gloss obs]ves3 ,*ri/'s "o dea? hall[$ ! "o ,baptism4 ,?irdly1 because ,baptism impr9ts a "*1 :i* is indelible1 & is conf]r$ ) a c]ta9 consecration4 ,:]e=e1 j z o!r consecrations are n reit]at$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 s nei!r is ,baptism4 ,?is is ! view express$ by ,augu/9e1 :o says 7,contra ,epi/4 ,p>m54 ii7 t ! milit>y "* is n r5ew$3 & t ! sacram5t ( ,*ri/ is n less endur+ ?an ?is bodily m>k1 s9ce we see t n ev5 apo/ates are depriv$ ( ,baptism1 s9ce :5 !y rep5t & return !y are n baptiz$ anew4 ,f\r?ly1 because ,baptism is conf]r$ pr9cipally z a rem$y aga9/ orig9al s94 ,:]e=e1 j z orig9al s9 is n r5ew$1 s nei!r is ,baptism reit]at$1 = z x is writt5 7,rom4 #e3ah71 z by ! (f5se ( "o1 unto all m5 to condemnation1 s also by ! ju/ice ( "o1 unto all m5 to ju/ification ( life4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,baptism d]ives its efficacy f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ad #a74 ,:]e=e1 j z subsequ5t s9s d n cancel ! virtue ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 s nei!r d !y cancel ,baptism1 s z to call = its repetition4 ,on ! o!r h& ! s9 :i* h9d]$ ! effect ( ,baptism is blott$ out on be+ submitt$ to ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says on ,john #a3cc3 ',& ,i knew ,him n'3 ,behold2 aft] ,john _h baptiz$1 ,baptism 0 adm9i/]$2 aft] a murd]] has baptiz$1 x is n adm9i/]$3 because ,john gave 8 own ,baptism2 ! murd]]1 ,*ri/'s2 = t sacram5t is s sacr$1 t n ev5 a murd]]'s adm9i/ration contam9ates x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,pauliani/s & ,cataphrygians us$ n to baptize 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,:]e=e ,gregory1 writ+ to ! ,bi%op ,quiricus1 says3 ,^? h]etics :o are n baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity1 su* z ! ,bonosians & ,cataphrygians 7:o 7 ( ! same m9d z ! ,pauliani/s71 s9ce ! =m] believe n t ,*ri/ is ,god 7hold+ ,him to be a m]e man71 :ile ! latt]1 i4e4 ! ,cataphrygians1 are s p]v]se z to deem a m]e man1 viz4 ,montanus1 to be ! ,holy ,gho/3 all ^! are baptiz$ :5 !y come to holy ,*ur*1 = ! baptism :i* !y receiv$ :ile 9 t /ate ( error 0 no ,baptism at all1 n be+ conf]r$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z set d[n 9 ,de ,eccles4 ,dogm4 xxii3 ,^? h]etics :o h be5 baptiz$ 9 ! confession ( ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity are to be receiv$ z already baptiz$ :5 !y come to ! ,ca?olic ,fai?4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,accord+ to ! ,decretal ( ,alex&] ,,iii3 ,^? ab\t ^: ,baptism !re is a d\bt are to be baptiz$ ) ^! words prefix$ to ! =m3 ',if ?\ art baptiz$1 ,i d n rebaptize !e2 b if ?\ art n baptiz$1 ,i baptize !e1' etc43 = t does n appe> to be repeat$1 :i* is n kn[n to h be5 done4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,bo? sacram5ts1 viz4 ,baptism & ! ,eu*>i/1 are a repres5tation ( our ,"l's dea? & ,passion1 b n 9 ! same way4 ,= ,baptism is a commemoration ( ,*ri/'s dea? 9 s f> z man dies ) ,*ri/1 t he may be born aga9 into a new life4 ,b ! ,eu*>i/ is a commemoration ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 9 s f> z ! suff]+ ,*ri/ ,himself is (f]$ to u z ! ,pas*al banquet1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #e3g1 #h3 ,*ri/ our pas* is sacrific$2 !re=e let u fea/4 ,& =asmu* z man is born once1 :]eas he eats _m times1 s is ,baptism giv5 once1 b ! ,eu*>i/ frequ5tly4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ! ,*ur* ,obs]ves a ,suitable ,rite 9 ,baptiz+8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! ,*ur* obs]ves an unsuitable rite 9 baptiz+4 ,= z ,*ryso/om 7,*romatius1 9 ,mat?4 #c3ae7 says3 ,! wat]s ( ,baptism w\ld nev] avail to purge ! s9s ( !m t believe1 _h !y n be5 hall[$ by ! t\* ( our ,"l's body4 ,n[ ?is took place at ,*ri/'s ,baptism1 :i* is commemorat$ 9 ! ,fea/ ( ! ,epiphany4 ,!re=e solemn ,baptism %\ld be celebrat$ at ! ,fea/ ( ! ,epiphany r ?an on ! eves ( ,ea/] & ,:itsunday4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x seems t sev]al matt]s %\ld n be us$ 9 ! same sacram5t4 ,b wat] is us$ = wa%+ 9 ,baptism4 ,!re=e x is unfitt+ t ! p]son baptiz$ %\ld be ano9t$ ?rice ) holy oil fir/ on ! brea/1 & !n betwe5 ! %\ld]s1 & a ?ird "t ) *rism on ! top ( ! head4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus 4 4 4 !re is nei!r male nor female 7,gal4 #c3bc7 4 4 4 nei!r ,b>b>ian nor ,scy?ian 7,col4 #c3aa71 nor1 9 l mann]1 any o!r su* l di/9ctions4 ,mu* less1 !re=e c a diff]5ce ( clo?+ h any efficacy 9 ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/4 ,x is consequ5tly unfitt+ to be/[ a :ite g>m5t on ^? :o h be5 baptiz$4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism c be celebrat$ )\t su* l c]emonies4 ,!re=e x seems t ^? m5tion$ above are sup]flu\s2 & consequ5tly t !y are unsuitably ins]t$ by ! ,*ur* 9 ! baptismal rite4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,*ur* is rul$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o does no?+ inord9ate4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism some?+ is done :i* is ess5tial to ! sacram5t1 & some?+ :i* belongs to a c]ta9 solemnity ( ! sacram5t4 ,ess5tial inde$1 to ! sacram5t are bo? ! =m :i* designates ! pr9cipal cause ( ! sacram5t2 & ! m9i/] :o is ! in/rum5tal cause2 & ! use ( ! matt]1 namely1 wa%+ ) wat]1 :i* designates ! pr9cipal sacram5tal effect4 ,b all ! o!r ?+s :i* ! ,*ur* obs]ves 9 ! baptismal rite1 belong r to a c]ta9 solemnity ( ! sacram5t4 ,& ^!1 inde$1 are us$ 9 conjunction ) ! sacram5t = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 9 ord] to ar\se ! devotion ( ! fai?ful1 & _! rev]5ce = ! sacram5t4 ,= if !re 7 no?+ done b a m]e wa%+ ) wat]1 )\t any solemnity1 "s might easily ?9k x to be an ord9>y wa%+4 ,secondly1 = ! in/ruction ( ! fai?ful4 ,because simple & unlett]$ folk ne$ to be taught by "s s5sible signs1 = in/ance1 pictures & ! l4 ,& 9 ?is way by means ( ! sacram5tal c]emonies !y are ei!r in/ruct$1 or urg$ to seek ! signification ( su* l s5sible signs4 ,& consequ5tly1 s9ce1 besides ! pr9cipal sacram5tal effect1 o!r ?+s %\ld be kn[n ab\t ,baptism1 x 0 fitt+ t ^! also %\ld be repres5t$ by "s outw>d signs4 ,?irdly1 because ! p[] ( ! devil is re/ra9$1 by pray]s1 bless+s1 & ! l1 f h9d]+ ! sacram5tal effect4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ on ! ,epiphany ) ! ,baptism ( ,john1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #b71 ) :i* baptism1 inde$1 ! fai?ful are n baptiz$1 r are !y baptiz$ ) ,*ri/'s ,baptism4 ,?is has its efficacy f ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3c3 ,we :o are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 are baptiz$ 9 ,8 dea?2 & 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 accord+ to ,john #c3e3 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x is t solemn ,baptism is held 9 ! ,*ur*1 bo? on ,ea/] ,eve1 :5 we commemorate our ,"l's burial & resurrection2 = :i* reason our ,"l gave ,8 disciples ! comm&m5t conc]n+ ,baptism z relat$ by ,mat!w 7#bh3ai73 & on ,:itsun-eve1 :5 ! celebration ( ! ,fea/ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ beg9s2 = :i* reason ! apo/les are said to h baptiz$ ?ree ?\s& on ! v day ( ,p5teco/ :5 !y _h receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! use ( wat] 9 ,baptism is "p ( ! sub/ance ( ! sacram5t2 b ! use ( oil or *rism is "p ( ! solemnity4 ,= ! c&idate is fir/ ( all ano9t$ ) ,holy oil on ! brea/ & betwe5 ! %\ld]s1 z "o :o wre/les = ,god1 to use ,ambrose's expression 7,de ,sacram4 i73 ?us are prize-fight]s wont to besme> !mselves ) oil4 ,or1 z ,innoc5t ,,iii says 9 a decretal on ! ,holy ,unction3 ,! c&idate is ano9t$ on ! brea/1 9 ord] to receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 to ca/ (f error & ignorance1 & to ackn[l$ge ! true fai?1 s9ce '! j man live? by fai?'2 :ile he is ano9t$ betwe5 ! %\ld]s1 t he may be clo!d ) ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 lay aside indiff]5ce & slo?1 & become active 9 good works2 s t ! sacram5t ( fai? may purify ! ?\ghts ( 8 he>t1 & /r5g!n 8 %\ld]s = ! burd5 ( labor4 ,b aft] ,baptism1 z ,rabanus says 7,de ,sacram4 iii71 he is =?) ano9t$ on ! head by ! prie/ ) ,holy ,*rism1 :o proce$s at once to (f] up a pray] t ! neophyte may h a %>e 9 ,*ri/'s k+dom1 & be call$ a ,*ri/ian aft] ,*ri/4 ,or1 z ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iii71 8 head is ano9t$1 because ! s5ses ( a wise man are 9 8 head 7,eccl #b3ad73 to wit1 t he may be ready to satisfy ev]yone t aske? him to give a reason ( 8 fai? 7cf4 #a ,pet4 #c3ae2 ,innoc5t ,,iii1 ,decretal on ,holy ,unction74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is :ite g>m5t is giv51 n z ?\gh x 7 unlawful = ! neophyte to use o!rs3 b z a sign ( ! glori\s resurrection1 unto :i* m5 are born aga9 by ,baptism2 & 9 ord] to designate ! purity ( life1 to :i* he w be b\nd aft] be+ baptiz$1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3d3 ,t we may walk 9 newness ( life4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,al?\gh ^? ?+s t belong to ! solemnity ( a sacram5t are n ess5tial to x1 yet are !y n sup]flu\s1 s9ce !y p]ta9 to ! sacram5t's wellbe+1 z /at$ above4 ,,elev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #aa ,:e!r ,?ree ,k9ds ( ,baptism ,are ,fitt+ly ,describ$--viz4 ,baptism ( ,wat]1 ( ,blood1 & ( ! ,_s8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! ?ree k9ds ( ,baptism are n fitt+ly describ$ z ,baptism ( ,wat]1 ( ,blood1 & ( ! ,_s1 i4e4 ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,because ! ,apo/le says 7,eph4 #d3e73 ,"o ,fai?1 "o ,baptism4 ,n[ !re is b "o ,fai?4 ,!re=e !re %\ld n be ?ree ,baptisms4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is a sacram5t1 z we h made cle> above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #a74 ,n[ none b ,baptism ( ,wat] is a sacram5t4 ,!re=e we %\ld n reckon two o!r ,baptisms4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv7 di/+ui%es sev]al o!r k9ds ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e we %\ld admit m ?an ?ree ,baptisms4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,heb4 #f3b1 ,( ! doctr9e ( ,baptisms1 ! gloss says3 ,he uses ! plural1 because !re is ,baptism ( ,wat]1 ( ,rep5tance1 & ( ,blood4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e71 ,baptism ( ,wat] has its efficacy f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 to :i* a man is con=m$ by ,baptism1 & also f ! ,holy ,gho/1 z fir/ cause4 ,n[ al?\gh ! effect dep5ds on ! fir/ cause1 ! cause f> surpasses ! effect1 nor does x dep5d on x4 ,consequ5tly1 a man may1 )\t ,baptism ( ,wat]1 receive ! sacram5tal effect f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 9 s f> z he is con=m$ to ,*ri/ by suff]+ = ,him4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,apoc4 #g3ad73 ,^! are !y :o are come out ( great tribulation1 & h wa%$ _! robes & h made !m :ite 9 ! blood ( ! ,lamb4 ,9 l mann] a man receives ! effect ( ,baptism by ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 n only )\t ,baptism ( ,wat]1 b also )\t ,baptism ( ,blood3 =asmu* z 8 he>t is mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ to believe 9 & love ,god & to rep5t ( 8 s9s3 :]e=e ?is is also call$ ,baptism ( ,rep5tance4 ,( ?is x is writt5 7,isa4 #d3d73 ,if ! ,"l %all wa% away ! fil? ( ! daught]s ( ,zion1 & %all wa% away ! blood ( ,j]usalem out ( ! mid/ !re(1 by ! _s ( judgm5t1 & by ! _s ( burn+4 ,?us1 !re=e1 ea* ( ^! o!r ,baptisms is call$ ,baptism1 =asmu* z x takes ! place ( ,baptism4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 7,de ,unico ,baptismo ,p>vulorum iv73 ,! ,bless$ ,cyprian argues ) consid]able reason f ! ?ief to :om1 ?\gh n baptiz$1 x 0 said3 ',today %alt ?\ be ) ,me 9 ,p>adise' t suff]+ c take ! place ( ,baptism4 ,hav+ weigh$ ?is 9 my m9d aga9 & aga91 ,i p]ceive t n only c suff]+ = ! "n ( ,*ri/ supply = :at 0 lack+ 9 ,baptism1 b ev5 fai? & conv]sion ( he>t1 if p]*ance on acc\nt ( ! /ress ( ! times ! celebration ( ! my/]y ( ,baptism is n practicable4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! o!r two ,baptisms are includ$ 9 ! ,baptism ( ,wat]1 :i* d]ives its efficacy1 bo? f ,*ri/'s ,passion & f ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,consequ5tly = ?is reason ! unity ( ,baptism is n de/roy$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fj1 ,a4 #a71 a sacram5t is a k9d ( sign4 ,! o!r two1 h[ev]1 are l ! ,baptism ( ,wat]1 n1 inde$1 9 ! nature ( sign1 b 9 ! baptismal effect4 ,consequ5tly !y are n sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,damasc5e enum]ates c]ta9 figurative ,baptisms4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,deluge 0 a figure ( our ,baptism1 9 respect ( ! salvation ( ! fai?ful 9 ! ,*ur*2 s9ce !n a few 4 4 4 s\ls 7 sav$ 9 ! ark ,vulg43 'by wat]'1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #c3bj4 ,he also m5tions ! cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea3 :i* 0 a figure ( our ,baptism1 9 respect ( our deliv]y f ! bondage ( s92 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aj3b7 t all 4 4 4 7 baptiz$ 9 ! cl\d & 9 ! sea4 ,& aga9 he m5tions ! v>i\s wa%+s :i* 7 cu/om>y "u ! ,old ,law1 :i* 7 figures ( our ,baptism1 z to ! cleans+ f s9s3 also ! ,baptism ( ,john1 :i* prep>$ ! way = our ,baptism4 ,,twelf? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ff1 ,art4 #ab ,:e!r ! ,baptism ( ,blood ,is ! ,mo/ ,excell5t ( ,^!8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! ,baptism ( ,blood is n ! mo/ excell5t ( ^! ?ree4 ,= ! ,baptism ( ,wat] impresses a "*2 :i* ! ,baptism ( ,blood _c d4 ,!re=e ! ,baptism ( ,blood is n m excell5t ?an ! ,baptism ( ,wat]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,baptism ( ,blood is ( no avail )\t ! ,baptism ( ! ,_s1 :i* is by *>ity2 = x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #ac3c73 ,if ,i %\ld deliv] my body to be burn$1 & h n *>ity1 x pr(ite? me no?+4 ,b ! ,baptism ( ! ,_s avails )\t ! ,baptism ( ,blood2 = n only ! m>tyrs are sav$4 ,!re=e ! ,baptism ( ,blood is n ! mo/ excell5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z ! ,baptism ( ,wat] d]ives its efficacy f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 to :i*1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #aa71 ! ,baptism ( ,blood corresponds1 s ,*ri/'s ,passion d]ives its efficacy f ! ,holy ,gho/1 accord+ to ,heb4 #i3ad3 ,! ,blood ( ,*ri/1 ,:o by ! ,holy ,gho/ (f]$ ,himself unspott$ unto ,god1 %all cleanse our consci5ce f dead works1 etc4 ,!re=e ! ,baptism ( ! ,_s is m excell5t ?an ! ,baptism ( ,blood4 ,!re=e ! ,baptism ( ,blood is n ! mo/ excell5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 7,ad ,=tunatum7 speak+ ( ! comp>ison betwe5 ,baptisms says3 ,! newly baptiz$ confesses 8 fai? 9 ! pres5ce ( ! prie/3 ! m>tyr 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p]secutor4 ,! =m] is spr9kl$ ) wat]1 aft] he has confess$2 ! latt] ) 8 blood4 ,! =m] receives ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! imposition ( ! bi%op's h&s2 ! latt] is made ! temple ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #aa71 ! %$d+ ( blood = ,*ri/'s sake1 & ! inw>d op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 are call$ baptisms1 9 s f> z !y produce ! effect ( ! ,baptism ( ,wat]4 ,n[ ! ,baptism ( ,wat] d]ives its efficacy f ,*ri/'s ,passion & f ! ,holy ,gho/1 z already /at$ 7,a4 #aa74 ,^! two causes act 9 ea* ( ^! ?ree ,baptisms2 mo/ excell5tly1 h[ev]1 9 ! ,baptism ( ,blood4 ,= ,*ri/'s ,passion acts 9 ! ,baptism ( ,wat] by way ( a figurative repres5tation2 9 ! ,baptism ( ! ,_s or ( ,rep5tance1 by way ( desire2 b 9 ! ,baptism ( ,blood1 by way ( imitat+ ! 7,div9e7 act4 ,9 l mann]1 too1 ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/ acts 9 ! ,baptism ( ,wat] ?r\gh a c]ta9 hidd5 p[]2 9 ! ,baptism ( ,rep5tance by mov+ ! he>t2 b 9 ! ,baptism ( ,blood by ! highe/ degree ( f]vor ( dilection & love1 accord+ to ,john #ae3ac3 ,great] love ?an ?is no man ha? t a man lay d[n 8 life = 8 fri5ds4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,a "* is bo? reality & a sacram5t4 ,& we d n say t ! ,baptism ( ,blood is m excell5t1 consid]+ ! nature ( a sacram5t2 b consid]+ ! sacram5tal effect4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! %$d+ ( blood is n 9 ! nature ( a ,baptism if x be )\t *>ity4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ! ,baptism ( ,blood includes ! ,baptism ( ! ,_s1 b n conv]sely4 ,& f ?is x is prov$ to be m p]fect4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,baptism owes its pre-em95ce n only to ,*ri/'s ,passion1 b also to ! ,holy ,gho/1 z /at$ above4 ,,"q #fg ,,( ,,! ,,m9i/]s ,,by ,,:om ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,( ,,baptism ,,is ,,conf]r$ 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! m9i/]s by :om ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is conf]r$4 ,& conc]n+ ?is !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x belongs to a deacon to baptize8 7#b7 ,:e!r ?is belongs to a prie/1 or to a bi%op only8 7#c7 ,:e!r a layman c conf] ! sacram5t ( ,baptism8 7#d7 ,:e!r a woman c d ?is8 7#e7 ,:e!r an unbaptiz$ p]son c baptize8 7#f7 ,:e!r sev]al c at ! same "t baptize "o & ! same p]son8 7#g7 ,:e!r x is ess5tial t someone %\ld raise ! p]son baptiz$ f ! sacr$ font8 7#h7 ,:e!r he :o raises someone f ! sacr$ font is b\nd to in/ruct him8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,x ,is ,"p ( a ,deacon's ,duty to ,baptize8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t x is "p ( a deacon's duty to baptize4 ,because ! duties ( prea*+ & ( baptiz+ 7 enjo9$ by our ,"l at ! same "t1 accord+ to ,matt4 #bh3ai3 ,go+ 4 4 4 tea* ye all nations1 baptiz+ !m1 etc4 ,b x is "p ( a deacon's duty to prea* ! gospel4 ,!re=e x seems t x is also "p ( a deacon's duty to baptize4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ,dionysius 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v7 to cleanse is "p ( ! deacon's duty4 ,b cleans+ f s9s is effect$ specially by ,baptism1 accord+ to ,eph4 #e3bf3 ,cleans+ x by ! lav] ( wat] 9 ! ^w ( life4 ,!re=e x seems t x belongs to a deacon to baptize4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is told ( ,bless$ ,laur5ce1 :o 0 a deacon1 t he baptiz$ _m4 ,!re=e x seems t x belongs to deacons to baptize4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,gelasius ,i says 7! passage is to be f\nd 9 ! ,decrees1 di/4 #ic73 ,we ord] ! deacons to keep )9 _! own prov9ce2 & fur!r on3 ,)\t bi%op or prie/ !y mu/ n d>e to baptize1 except 9 cases ( extreme urg5cy1 :5 ! a=esaid are a long way (f4 ,i answ] t1 ,j z ! prop]ties & duties ( ! heav5ly ord]s are ga!r$ f _! names1 z ,dionysius says 7,coel4 ,hi]4 vi71 s c we ga!r1 f ! names ( ! ecclesia/ical ord]s1 :at belongs to ea* ord]4 ,n[ deacons are s call$ f be+ m9i/]s2 because1 to wit1 x is n 9 ! deacon's prov9ce to be ! *ief & (ficial celebrant 9 conf]r+ a sacram5t1 b to m9i/] to o!rs1 8 eld]s1 9 ! sacram5tal disp5sations4 ,& s x does n belong to a deacon to conf] ! sacram5t ( ,baptism (ficially z x 72 b to assi/ & s]ve 8 eld]s 9 ! be/[al ( ?is & o!r sacram5ts4 ,h5ce ,isidore says 7,epi/4 ad ,ludifr$473 ,x is a deacon's duty to assi/ & s]ve ! prie/s1 9 all ! rites ( ,*ri/'s sacram5ts1 viz4 ^? ( ,baptism1 ( ! ,*rism1 ( ! ,pat5 & ,*alice4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is ! deacon's duty to read ! ,gospel 9 *ur*1 & to prea* x z "o cate*iz+2 h5ce ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v7 t a deacon's (fice involves p[] ov] ! unclean among :om he includes ! cate*um5s4 ,b to tea*1 i4e4 to exp\nd ! ,gospel1 is ! prop] (fice ( a bi%op1 ^: action is to p]fect1 z ,dionysius tea*es 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v72 & to p]fect is ! same z to tea*4 ,consequ5tly1 x does n foll[ t ! (fice ( baptiz+ belongs to deacons4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii71 ,baptism has a p[] n only ( cleans+ b also ( enlight5+4 ,consequ5tly1 x is outside ! prov9ce ( ! deacon ^: duty x is to cleanse only3 viz4 ei!r by driv+ away ! unclean1 or by prep>+ !m = ! reception ( a sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,because ,baptism is a necess>y sacram5t1 deacons are all[$ to baptize 9 cases ( urg5cy :5 _! eld]s are n at h&2 z appe>s f ! au?ority ( ,gelasius quot$ above4 ,& x 0 ?us t ,bless$ ,laur5ce1 be+ b a deacon1 baptiz$4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r to ,baptize ,is ,"p ( ! ,prie/ly ,(fice1 or ,prop] to ,t ( ,bi%ops8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t to baptize is n "p ( ! prie/ly (fice1 b prop] to t ( bi%ops4 ,because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ,obj4 #a71 ! duties ( tea*+ & baptiz+ are enjo9$ 9 ! same precept 7,matt4 #bh3ai74 ,b to tea*1 :i* is to p]fect1 belongs to ! (fice ( bi%op1 z ,dionysius decl>es 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v1 vi74 ,!re=e to baptize also belongs to ! episcopal (fice4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by ,baptism a man is admitt$ to ! body ( ! ,*ri/ian p3 & to d ?is seems consi/5t ) no o!r ?an ! pr9cely (fice4 ,n[ ! bi%ops hold ! position ( pr9ces 9 ! ,*ur*1 z ! gloss obs]ves on ,luke #aj3a3 inde$1 !y ev5 take ! place ( ! apo/les1 ( :om x is writt5 7,ps4 #dd3ag73 ,?\ %alt make !m pr9ces ov] all ! e>?4 ,!re=e x seems t to baptize belongs exclusively to ! (fice ( bi%ops4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,isidore says 7,epi/4 ad ,ludifr$47 t x belongs to ! bi%op to consecrate *ur*es1 to ano9t alt>s1 to consecrate 7confic]e7 ! *rism2 he x is t conf]s ! ecclesia/ical ord]s1 & blesses ! consecrat$ virg9s4 ,b ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is great] ?an all ^!4 ,!re=e mu* m reason is !re :y to baptize %\ld belong exclusively to ! episcopal (fice4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,isidore says 7,de ,(ficiis4 ii73 ,x is c]ta9 t ,baptism 0 entru/$ to prie/s alone4 ,i answ] t1 ,prie/s are consecrat$ = ! purpose ( celebrat+ ! sacram5t ( ,*ri/'s ,body1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #c74 ,n[ t is ! sacram5t ( ecclesia/ical unity1 accord+ to ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #aj3ag73 ,we1 be+ _m1 are "o bread1 "o body1 all t p>take ( "o bread & "o *alice4 ,moreov]1 by ,baptism a man becomes a p>ticipator 9 ecclesia/ical unity1 :]e=e also he receives ! "r to approa* our ,"l's ,table4 ,consequ5tly1 j z x belongs to a prie/ to consecrate ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* is ! pr9cipal purpose ( ! prie/hood1 s x is ! prop] (fice ( a prie/ to baptize3 s9ce x seems to belong to "o & ! same1 to produce ! :ole & to dispose ! "p 9 ! :ole4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,our ,"l enjo9$ on ! apo/les1 ^: place is tak5 by ! bi%ops1 bo? duties1 namely1 ( tea*+ & ( baptiz+1 b 9 diff]5t ways4 ,because ,*ri/ committ$ to !m ! duty ( tea*+1 t !y might ex]cise x !mselves z be+ ! mo/ important duty ( all3 :]e=e ! apo/les !mselves said 7,acts #f3b73 ,x is n reason t we %\ld leave ! ^w ( ,god & s]ve tables4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,he entru/$ ! apo/les ) ! (fice ( baptiz+1 to be ex]cis$ vic>i\sly2 :]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #a3ag73 ,*ri/ s5t me n to baptize1 b to prea* ! ,gospel4 ,& ! reason = ?is 0 t ! m]it & wisdom ( ! m9i/] h no be>+ on ! baptismal effect1 z !y h 9 tea*+1 z may be se5 f :at we h /at$ above 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b2 ,,aa4 #e1 #i74 ,a pro( ( ?is is f\nd also 9 ! fact t our ,"l ,himself did n baptize1 b ,8 disciples1 z ,john relates 7#d3b74 ,nor does x foll[ f ?is t bi%ops _c baptize2 s9ce :at a l[] p[] c d1 t c also a high] p[]4 ,:]e=e also ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #a3ad1 #af7 t he _h baptiz$ "s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 e commonweal? m9or affairs are entru/$ to l[] (ficials1 :ile great] affairs are re/rict$ to high] (ficials2 accord+ to ,ex4 #ah3bb3 ,:5 any great matt] soev] %all fall out1 let !m ref] x to !e1 & let !m judge ! less] matt]s only4 ,consequ5tly x belongs to ! l[] (ficials ( ! /ate to decide matt]s conc]n+ ! l[] ord]s2 :ile to ! highe/ x belongs to set 9 ord] ^? matt]s t reg>d ! high] ord]s ( ! /ate4 ,n[ by ,baptism a man atta9s only to ! l[e/ rank among ! ,*ri/ian p3 & consequ5tly x belongs to ! less] (ficials ( ! ,*ur* to baptize1 namely1 ! prie/s1 :o hold ! place ( ! sev5ty-two disciples ( ,*ri/1 z ! gloss says 9 ! passage quot$ f ,luke #aj4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #c71 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism holds ! fir/ place 9 ! ord] ( necessity2 b 9 ! ord] ( p]fection !re are o!r great] sacram5ts :i* are res]v$ to bi%ops4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r a ,layman ,c ,baptize8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a layman _c baptize4 ,because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 to baptize belongs prop]ly to ! prie/ly ord]4 ,b ^? ?+s :i* belong to an ord] _c be entru/$ to "o t is n orda9$4 ,!re=e x seems t a layman1 :o has no ord]s1 _c baptize4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is a great] ?+ to baptize1 ?an to p]=m ! o!r sacram5tal rites ( ,baptism1 su* z to cate*ize1 to exorcize1 & to bless ! baptismal wat]4 ,b ^! ?+s _c be done by laym51 b only by prie/s4 ,!re=e x seems t mu* less c laym5 baptize4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z ,baptism is a necess>y sacram5t1 s is ,p5ance4 ,b a layman _c absolve 9 ! tribunal ( ,p5ance4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 c he baptize4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,gelasius ,i & ,isidore say t x is (t5 p]missible = ,*ri/ian laym5 to baptize1 9 cases ( urg5t necessity4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is due to ! m]cy ( ,him ,:o w h all m5 to be sav$ 7#a ,tim4 #b3d7 t 9 ^? ?+s :i* are necess>y = salvation1 man c easily f9d ! rem$y4 ,n[ ! mo/ necess>y among all ! sacram5ts is ,baptism1 :i* is man's reg5]ation unto spiritual life3 s9ce = *ildr5 !re is no sub/itute1 :ile adults _c o!rwise ?an by ,baptism receive a full remission bo? ( guilt & ( its puni%m5t4 ,consequ5tly1 le/ man %\ld h to g )\t s necess>y a rem$y1 x 0 orda9$1 bo? t ! matt] ( ,baptism %\ld be some?+ common t is easily obta9able by all1 i4e4 wat]2 & t ! m9i/] ( ,baptism %\ld be anyone1 ev5 n 9 ord]s1 le/ f lack ( be+ baptiz$1 man %\ld suff] loss ( 8 salvation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,to baptize belongs to ! prie/ly ord] by reason ( a c]ta9 appropriat5ess & solemnity2 b ?is is n ess5tial to ! sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 if a layman 7 to baptize ev5 outside a case ( urg5cy2 he w\ld s91 yet he w\ld conf] ! sacram5t2 nor w\ld ! p]son ?us baptiz$ h to be baptiz$ aga94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,^! sacram5tal rites ( ,baptism belong to ! solemnity (1 & are n ess5tial to1 ,baptism4 ,& !re=e !y nei!r %\ld nor c be done by a layman1 b only by a prie/1 ^: (fice x is to baptize solemnly4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d71 ,p5ance is n s necess>y z ,baptism2 s9ce contrition c supply ! defect ( ! prie/ly absolution :i* does n free f ! :ole puni%m5t1 nor aga9 is x giv5 to *ildr54 ,!re=e ! comp>ison ) ,baptism does n /&1 because its effect _c be suppli$ by any?+ else4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r a ,woman ,c ,baptize8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a woman _c baptize4 ,= we read 9 ! acts ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age 7iv73 ,h[ev] le>n$ & holy a woman may be1 %e mu/ n presume to tea* m5 9 ! *ur*1 or to baptize4 ,b 9 no case is a woman all[$ to tea* 9 *ur*1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #ad3ce3 ,x is a %ame = a woman to speak 9 ! *ur*4 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r is a woman 9 any circum/ances p]mitt$ to baptize4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 to baptize belongs to ^? hav+ au?ority4 :]e=e baptism %\ld be conf]r$ by prie/s hav+ *>ge ( s\ls4 ,b wom5 are n qualifi$ = ?is2 accord+ to #a ,tim4 #b3ab3 ,i suff] n a woman to tea*1 nor to use au?ority ov] man1 b to be subject to him ,vulg43 'b to be 9 sil5ce'4 ,!re=e a woman _c baptize4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! spiritual reg5]ation wat] seems to hold ! place ( ! "m's womb1 z ,augu/9e says on ,john #c3d1 ,c a man ent] a second "t into 8 "m's womb1 & be born aga98 ,:ile he :o baptizes seems to hold r ! position ( fa!r4 ,b ?is is unfitt+ = a woman4 ,!re=e a woman _c baptize4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,urban ,,ii says 7,decreta xxx73 ,9 reply to ! que/ions ask$ by y\r beatitude1 we consid] t ! foll[+ answ] %\ld be giv53 t ! baptism is valid :51 9 cases ( necessity1 a woman baptizes a *ild 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ is ! *ief ,baptiz]1 accord+ to ,john #a3cc3 ,he ^u ,:om ?\ %alt see ! ,_s desc5d+ & rema9+ ^u ,him1 ,he x is t baptize?4 ,= x is writt5 9 ,col4 #c 7cf4 ,gal4 #c3bh71 t 9 ,*ri/ !re is nei!r male nor female4 ,consequ5tly1 j z a layman c baptize1 z ,*ri/'s m9i/]1 s c a woman4 ,b s9ce ! head ( ! woman is ! man1 & ! head ( 4 4 4 man1 is ,*ri/ 7#a ,cor4 #aa3c71 a woman %\ld n baptize if a man be available = ! purpose2 j z nei!r %\ld a layman 9 ! pres5ce ( a cl]ic1 nor a cl]ic 9 ! pres5ce ( a prie/4 ,! la/1 h[ev]1 c baptize 9 ! pres5ce ( a bi%op1 because x is "p ( ! prie/ly (fice4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,j z a woman is n suff]$ to tea* 9 public1 b is all[$ to in/ruct & admoni% privately2 s %e is n p]mitt$ to baptize publicly & solemnly1 & yet %e c baptize 9 a case ( urg5cy4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:5 ,baptism is celebrat$ solemnly & ) due =m1 x %\ld be conf]r$ by a prie/ hav+ *>ge ( s\ls1 or by "o repres5t+ him4 ,b ?is is n requir$ 9 cases ( urg5cy1 :5 a woman may baptize4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 c>nal g5]ation male & female co-op]ate accord+ to ! p[] ( _! prop] nature2 :]e=e ! female _c be ! active1 b only ! passive1 pr9ciple ( g5]ation4 ,b 9 spiritual g5]ation !y d n act1 ei!r ( !m1 by _! prop] p[]1 b only in/rum5tally by ! p[] ( ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly1 on ! same gr\nds ei!r man or woman c baptize 9 a case ( urg5cy4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a woman 7 to baptize )\t any urg5cy = s do+1 !re w\ld be no ne$ ( rebaptism3 z we h said 9 reg>d to laym5 7,a4 #c1 ad #a74 ,b ! baptiz] h]self w\ld s91 z also ^? :o took "p ) h] !re91 ei!r by receiv+ ,baptism f h]1 or by br++ someone to h] to be baptiz$4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,"o ,t ,is ,n ,baptiz$ ,c ,conf] ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t "o t is n baptiz$ _c conf] ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,= none gives :at he has n4 ,b a non-baptiz$ p]son has n ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e he _c give x4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a man conf]s ! sacram5t ( ,baptism inasmu* z he is a m9i/] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b "o t is n baptiz$1 belongs n[ise to ! ,*ur*1 i4e4 nei!r really nor sacram5tally4 ,!re=e he _c conf] ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is m to conf] a sacram5t ?an to receive x4 ,b "o t is n baptiz$1 _c receive ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,mu* less1 !re=e1 c he conf] any sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,isidore says3 ,! ,roman ,pontiff does n consid] x to be ! man :o baptizes1 b t ! ,holy ,gho/ conf]s ! grace ( ,baptism1 ?\gh he t baptizes be a pagan4 ,b he :o is baptiz$1 is n call$ a pagan4 ,!re=e he :o is n baptiz$ c conf] ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,augu/9e left ?is "q )\t decid+ x4 ,= he says 7,contra ,ep4 ,p>m54 ii73 ,?is is inde$ ano!r "q1 :e!r ev5 ^? c baptize :o 7 nev] ,*ri/ians2 nor %\ld any?+ be ra%ly ass]t$ h]eupon1 )\t ! au?ority ( a sacr$ c\ncil su* z suffices = s great a matt]4 ,b aft]w>ds x 0 decid$ by ! ,*ur* t ! unbaptiz$1 :e!r ,jews or pagans1 c conf] ! sacram5t ( ,baptism1 provid$ !y baptize 9 ! =m ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:]e=e ,pope ,nicolas ,i replies to ! que/ions prop\nd$ by ! ,bulg>s3 ,y say t _m 9 y\r c\ntry h be5 baptiz$ by someone1 :e!r ,*ri/ian or pagan y "k n4 ,if ^! 7 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity1 !y mu/ n be rebaptiz$4 ,b if ! =m ( ! ,*ur* be n obs]v$1 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is n conf]r$4 ,& ?us is to be expla9$ :at ,gregory ,,ii 99,gregory ,,iii writes to ,bi%op ,boniface3 ,^? :om y ass]t to h be5 baptiz$ by pagans1 namely1 ) a =m n recogniz$ by ! ,*ur*1 we comm& y to rebaptize 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,& ! reason ( ?is is t1 j z on ! "p ( ! matt]1 z f> z ! ess5tials ( ! sacram5t are conc]n$1 any wat] w suffice1 s1 on ! "p ( ! m9i/]1 any man is compet5t4 ,consequ5tly1 an unbaptiz$ p]son c baptize 9 a case ( urg5cy4 ,s t two unbaptiz$ p]sons may baptize "o ano!r1 "o baptiz+ ! o!r & be+ aft]w>ds baptiz$ by him3 & ea* w\ld receive n only ! sacram5t b also ! reality ( ! sacram5t4 ,b if ?is 7 done outside a case ( urg5cy1 ea* w\ld s9 griev\sly1 bo? ! baptiz] & ! baptiz$1 & ?us ! baptismal effect w\ld be fru/rat$1 al?\gh ! sacram5t itself w\ld n be invalidat$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! man :o baptizes (f]s b 8 outw>d m9i/ration2 :]eas ,*ri/ x is ,:o baptizes inw>dly1 ,:o c use all m5 to :atev] purpose ,he wills4 ,consequ5tly1 ! unbaptiz$ c baptize3 because1 z ,pope ,nicolas ,i says1 ! ,baptism is n !irs1 i4e4 ! baptiz]s'1 b ,81 i4e4 ,*ri/'s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,he :o is n baptiz$1 ?\gh he belongs n to ! ,*ur* ei!r 9 reality or sacram5tally1 c nev]!less belong to h] 9 int5tion & by simil>ity ( action1 namely1 9 s f> z he int5ds to d :at ! ,*ur* does1 & 9 baptiz+ obs]ves ! ,*ur*'s =m1 & ?us acts z ! m9i/] ( ,*ri/1 ,:o did n conf9e ,8 p[] to ^? t are baptiz$1 z nei!r did ,he to ! sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! o!r sacram5ts are n s necess>y z ,baptism4 ,& !re=e x is all[able t an unbaptiz$ p]son %\ld baptize r ?an t he %\ld receive o!r sacram5ts4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,sev]al ,c ,baptize at ! ,same ,"t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t sev]al c baptize at ! same "t4 ,= unity is conta9$ 9 multitude1 b n vice v]sa4 ,:]e=e x seems t _m c d :atev] "o c b n vice v]sa3 ?us _m draw a %ip :i* "o c\ld draw4 ,b "o man c baptize4 ,!re=e sev]al1 too1 c baptize "o at ! same "t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is m difficult = "o ag5t to act on _m ?+s1 ?an = _m to act at ! same "t on "o4 ,b "o man c baptize sev]al at ! same "t4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 c _m baptize "o at ! same "t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is a sacram5t ( ! greate/ necessity4 ,n[ 9 c]ta9 cases x seems necess>y = sev]al to baptize "o at ! same "t2 = in/ance1 suppose a *ild to be 9 dang] ( dea?1 & two p]sons pres5t1 "o ( :om is dumb1 & ! o!r )\t h&s or arms2 = !n ! mutilat$ p]son w\ld h to pron\nce ! words1 & ! dumb p]son w\ld h to p]=m ! act ( baptiz+4 ,!re=e x seems t sev]al c baptize "o at ! same "t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:]e !re is "o ag5t !re is "o action4 ,if1 !re=e1 sev]al 7 to baptize "o1 x seems to foll[ t !re w\ld be sev]al baptisms3 & ?is is contr>y to ,eph4 #d3e3 "o ,fai?1 "o ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism d]ives its p[] pr9cipally f its =m1 :i* ! ,apo/le calls ! ^w ( life 7,eph4 #e3bf74 ,consequ5tly1 if sev]al 7 to baptize "o at ! same "t1 we mu/ consid] :at =m !y w\ld use4 ,= 7 !y to say3 ,we baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 "s ma9ta9 t ! sacram5t ( ,baptism w\ld n be conf]r$1 because ! =m ( ! ,*ur* w\ld n be obs]v$1 i4e4 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b ?is reason+ is disprov$ by ! =m obs]v$ 9 ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,= !y might say3 ,! s]vant ( ,god1 ,n 4 4 41 is baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 "u :i* =m ! ,greeks receive ! sacram5t ( ,baptism3 & yet ?is =m diff]s f> m f ! =m t we use1 ?an does ?is3 ,we baptize !e4 ,! po9t to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 is ?is1 t by ?is =m1 ,we baptize !e1 ! int5tion express$ is t sev]al concur 9 conf]r+ "o ,baptism3 & ?is seems contr>y to ! notion ( a m9i/]2 = a man does n baptize save z a m9i/] ( ,*ri/1 & z /&+ 9 ,8 place2 :]e=e j z !re is "o ,*ri/1 s %\ld !re be "o m9i/] to repres5t ,*ri/4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says po9t$ly 7,eph4 #d3e73 "o ,"l1 "o ,fai?1 "o ,baptism4 ,consequ5tly1 an int5tion :i* is 9 opposition to ?is seems to annul ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ea* 7 to say3 ,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ea* w\ld signify 8 int5tion z ?\gh he 7 conf]r+ ,baptism indep5d5tly ( ! o!r4 ,?is might occur 9 ! case :]e bo? 7 /riv+ to baptize someone2 & !n x is cle> t :i*ev] pron\nc$ ! words fir/ w\ld conf] ! sacram5t ( ,baptism2 :ile ! o!r1 h[ev] great 8 "r to baptize1 if he presume to utt] ! words1 w\ld be liable to be puni%$ z a rebaptiz]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y 7 to pron\nce ! words absolutely at ! same "t1 & dipp$ or spr9kl$ ! man toge!r1 !y %\ld be puni%$ = baptiz+ 9 an improp] mann]1 b n = rebaptiz+3 because ea* w\ld int5d to baptize an unbaptiz$ p]son1 & ea*1 s f> z he is conc]n$1 w\ld baptize4 ,nor w\ld !y conf] sev]al sacram5ts3 b ! "o ,*ri/ baptiz+ inw>dly w\ld conf] "o sacram5t by means ( bo? toge!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t avails 9 ^? ag5ts t act by _! own p[]4 ,b m5 d n baptize by _! own1 b by ,*ri/'s p[]1 ,:o1 s9ce ,he is "o1 p]fects ,8 "w by means ( "o m9i/]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 a case ( necessity "o c\ld baptize sev]al at ! same "t "u ?is =m3 ,i baptize ye3 = in/ance1 if !y 7 ?reat5$ by a fall+ h\se1 or by ! sword or some?+ ( ! k9d1 s z n to all[ ( ! delay involv$ by baptiz+ !m s+ly4 ,nor w\ld ?is cause a *ange 9 ! ,*ur*'s =m1 s9ce ! plural is no?+ b ! s+ul> d\bl$3 especially z we f9d ! plural express$ 9 ,matt4 #bh3ai3 ,baptiz+ !m1 etc4 ,nor is !re p>ity betwe5 ! baptiz] & ! baptiz$2 s9ce ,*ri/1 ! baptiz] 9 *ief1 is "o3 :ile _m are made "o 9 ,*ri/ by ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #a71 ! integrity ( ,baptism consi/s 9 ! =m ( words & ! use ( ! matt]4 ,consequ5tly1 nei!r he :o only pron\nces ! words1 baptizes1 nor he :o dips4 ,:]e=e if "o pron\nces ! words & ! o!r dips1 no =m ( words c be fitt+4 ,= nei!r c\ld he say3 ,i baptize !e3 s9ce he dips n1 & !re=e baptizes n4 ,nor c\ld !y say3 ,we baptize !e3 s9ce nei!r baptizes4 ,= if ( two m51 "o write "o "p ( a book1 & ! o!r write ! o!r1 x w\ld n be a prop] =m ( spee* to say3 ,we wrote ?is book1 b ! figure ( synecdo*e 9 :i* ! :ole is put = ! "p4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r 9 ,baptism ,x ,is ,necess>y = ,someone to ,raise ! ,baptiz$ f ! ,sacr$ ,font8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t 9 ,baptism x is n necess>y = someone to raise ! baptiz$ f ! sacr$ font4 ,= our ,baptism is consecrat$ by ,*ri/'s ,baptism & is con=m$ !reto4 ,b ,*ri/ :5 baptiz$ 0 n rais$ by anyone f ! font1 b accord+ to ,matt4 #c3af1 ,jesus be+ baptiz$1 =?) came out ( ! wat]4 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r :5 o!rs are baptiz$ %\ld anyone raise ! baptiz$ f ! sacr$ font4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is a spiritual reg5]ation1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,b 9 c>nal g5]ation no?+ else is requir$ b ! active pr9ciple1 i4e4 ! fa!r1 & ! passive pr9ciple1 i4e4 ! "m4 ,s9ce1 !n1 9 ,baptism he t baptizes takes ! place ( ! fa!r1 :ile ! v wat] ( ,baptism takes ! place ( ! "m1 z ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon on ! ,epiphany 7cxxxv72 x seems t !re is no fur!r ne$ = someone to raise ! baptiz$ f ! sacr$ font4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no?+ ridicul\s %\ld be obs]v$ 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b x seems ridicul\s t aft] be+ baptiz$1 adults :o c /& up ( !mselves & leave ! sacr$ font1 %\ld be held up by ano!r4 ,!re=e !re seems no ne$ = anyone1 especially 9 ! ,baptism ( adults1 to raise ! baptiz$ f ! sacr$ font4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii7 t ! prie/s tak+ ! baptiz$ h& him ov] to 8 sponsor & guide4 ,i answ] t1 ,! spiritual reg5]ation1 :i* takes place 9 ,baptism1 is 9 a c]ta9 mann] lik5$ to c>nal g5]ation3 :]e=e x is writt5 7#a ,pet4 #b3b73 ,z new-born babes1 end[$ ) reason desire milk ,vulg43 'desire reasonable milk' )\t guile4 ,n[1 9 c>nal g5]ation ! new-born *ild ne$s n\ri%m5t & guidance3 :]e=e1 9 spiritual g5]ation also1 someone is ne$$ to und]take ! (fice ( nurse & tutor by =m+ & in/ruct+ "o :o is yet a novice 9 ! ,fai?1 conc]n+ ?+s p]ta9+ to ,*ri/ian fai? & mode ( life1 :i* ! cl]gy h n ! leisure to d ?r\gh be+ busy ) wat*+ ov] ! p g5]ally3 because little *ildr5 & novices ne$ m ?an ord9>y c>e4 ,consequ5tly someone is ne$$ to receive ! baptiz$ f ! sacr$ font z ?\gh = ! purpose ( in/ruct+ & guid+ !m4 ,x is to ?is t ,dionysius ref]s 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 xi7 say+3 ,x occurr$ to our heav5ly guides1 i4e4 ! ,apo/les1 & !y decid$1 t infants %\ld be tak5 *>ge ( ?us3 t ! p>5ts ( ! *ild %\ld h& x ov] to "s in/ructor v]s$ 9 holy ?+s1 :o w\ld !nce=? take *>ge ( ! *ild1 & be to x a spiritual fa!r & a guide 9 ! road ( salvation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ n t ,he might be reg5]at$1 b t ,he might reg5]ate o!rs3 :]e=e aft] ,8 ,baptism ,he ne$$ no tutor l o!r *ildr54 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 c>nal g5]ation no?+ is ess5tial besides a fa!r & a "m3 yet to ease ! latt] 9 h] travail1 !re is ne$ = a midwife2 & = ! *ild to be suitably br\ght up !re is ne$ = a nurse & a tutor3 :ile _! place is tak5 9 ,baptism by him :o raises ! *ild f ! sacr$ font4 ,consequ5tly ?is is n ess5tial to ! sacram5t1 & 9 a case ( necessity "o alone c baptize ) wat]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is n on acc\nt ( bodily weakness t ! baptiz$ is rais$ f ! sacr$ font by ! godp>5t1 b on acc\nt ( spiritual weakness1 z /at$ above4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,he ,:o ,raises ,anyone f ! ,sacr$ ,font ,is ,b\nd to ,in/ruct ,him8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t he :o raises anyone f ! sacr$ font is n b\nd to in/ruct him4 ,= none b ^? :o are !mselves in/ruct$ c give in/ruction4 ,b ev5 ! un$ucat$ & ill-in/ruct$ are all[$ to raise p f ! sacr$ font4 ,!re=e he :o raises a baptiz$ p]son f ! font is n b\nd to in/ruct him4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a son is in/ruct$ by 8 fa!r bett] ?an by a /rang]3 =1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 viii71 a son receives f 8 fa!r1 be+1 food1 & education4 ,if1 !re=e1 godp>5ts are b\nd to in/ruct _! god*ildr51 x w\ld be fitt+ = ! c>nal fa!r1 r ?an ano!r1 to be ! godp>5t ( 8 own *ild4 ,& yet ?is seems to be =bidd51 z may be se5 9 ! ,decretals 7xxx1 qu4 #a1 ,cap4 ,p]v5it & ,dictum e/74 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is bett] = sev]al to in/ruct ?an = "o only4 ,if1 !re=e1 godp>5ts are b\nd to in/ruct _! god*ildr51 x w\ld be bett] to h sev]al godp>5ts ?an only "o4 ,yet ?is is =bidd5 9 a decree ( ,pope ,leo1 :o says3 ,a *ild %\ld n h m ?an "o godp>5t1 be ?is a man or a woman4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon = ,ea/] 7clxviii73 ,9 ! fir/ place ,i admoni% y1 bo? m5 & wom51 :o h rais$ *ildr5 9 ,baptism1 t ye /& be=e ,god z sureties = ^? :om y h be5 se5 to raise f ! sacr$ font4 ,i answ] t1 ,e man is b\nd to fulfil ^? duties :i* he has und]tak5 to p]=m4 ,n[ x has be5 /at$ above 7,a4 #g7 t godp>5ts take ^u !mselves ! duties ( a tutor4 ,consequ5tly !y are b\nd to wat* ov] _! god*ildr5 :5 !re is ne$ = !m to d s3 = in/ance :5 & :]e *ildr5 are br\ght up among unbeliev]s4 ,b if !y are br\ght up among ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians1 ! godp>5ts may well be excus$ f ?is responsibility1 s9ce x may be presum$ t ! *ildr5 w be c>efully in/ruct$ by _! p>5ts4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y p]ceive 9 any way t ! contr>y is ! case1 !y w\ld be b\nd1 z f> z !y are able1 to see to ! spiritual welf>e ( _! god*ildr54 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:]e ! dang] is imm95t1 ! godp>5t1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 vii71 %\ld be someone v]s$ 9 holy ?+s4 ,b :]e ! dang] is n imm95t1 by reason ( ! *ildr5 be+ br\ght up among ,ca?olics1 anyone is admitt$ to ?is position1 because ! ?+s p]ta9+ to ! ,*ri/ian rule ( life & fai? are kn[n op5ly by all4 ,nev]!less an unbaptiz$ p]son _c be a godp>5t1 z 0 decre$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ma9z1 al?\gh an unbaptiz$ p]son3 because ! p]son baptiz+ is ess5tial to ! sacram5t1 :]e=e z ! godp>5t is n1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #g1 ad #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z spiritual g5]ation is di/9ct f c>nal g5]ation1 s is spiritual education di/9ct f t ( ! body2 accord+ to ,heb4 #ab3i3 ,moreov] we h _h fa!rs ( our fle% = in/ructors1 & we rev]5c$ !m3 %all we n mu* m obey ! ,fa!r ( ,spirits1 & live8 ,!re=e ! spiritual fa!r %\ld be di/9ct f ! c>nal fa!r1 unless necessity dem&$ o!rwise4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,education w\ld be full ( confusion if !re 7 m ?an "o head in/ructor4 ,:]e=e !re %\ld be "o pr9cipal sponsor 9 ,baptism3 b o!rs c be all[$ z assi/ants4 ,,"q #fh ,,( ,,^? ,,:o ,,receive ,,baptism 7,9 ,twelve ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ^? :o receive ,baptism2 conc]n+ :i* !re are twelve po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r all are b\nd to receive ,baptism8 7#b7 ,:e!r a man c be sav$ )\t ,baptism8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,baptism %\ld be def]r$8 7#d7 ,:e!r s9n]s %\ld be baptiz$8 7#e7 ,:e!r works ( satisfaction %\ld be enjo9$ on s9n]s t h be5 baptiz$8 7#f7 ,:e!r ,confession ( s9s is necess>y8 7#g7 ,:e!r an int5tion is requir$ on ! "p ( ! "o baptiz$8 7#h7 ,:e!r fai? is necess>y8 7#i7 ,:e!r infants %\ld be baptiz$8 7#aj7 ,:e!r ! *ildr5 ( ,jews %\ld be baptiz$ aga9/ ! w ( _! p>5ts8 7#aa7 ,:e!r anyone %\ld be baptiz$ 9 ! "m's womb8 7#ab7 ,:e!r madm5 & imbeciles %\ld be baptiz$8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,all ,are ,b\nd to ,receive ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t n all are b\nd to receive ,baptism4 ,= ,*ri/ did n n>r[ man's road to salvation4 ,b be=e ,*ri/'s com+ m5 c\ld be sav$ )\t ,baptism3 !re=e also aft] ,*ri/'s com+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism seems to h be5 in/itut$ pr9cipally z a rem$y = orig9al s94 ,n[1 s9ce a man :o is baptiz$ is )\t orig9al s91 x seems t he _c transmit x to 8 *ildr54 ,!re=e x seems t ! *ildr5 ( ^? :o h be5 baptiz$1 %\ld n !mselves be baptiz$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is giv5 9 ord] t a man may1 ?r\gh grace1 be cleans$ f s94 ,b ^? :o are sanctifi$ 9 ! womb1 obta9 ?is )\t ,baptism4 ,!re=e !y are n b\nd to receive ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #c3e73 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,aga9 x is /at$ 9 ,de ,eccl4 ,dogm4 xli1 t we believe ! way ( salvation to be op5 to ^? only :o are baptiz$4 ,i answ] t1 ,m5 are b\nd to t )\t :i* !y _c obta9 salvation4 ,n[ x is manife/ t no "o c obta9 salvation b ?r\gh ,*ri/2 :]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ah73 ,z by ! (f5se ( "o unto all m5 unto condemnation2 s also by ! ju/ice ( "o1 unto all m5 unto ju/ification ( life4 ,b = ?is end is ,baptism conf]r$ on a man1 t be+ reg5]at$ !reby1 he may be incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/1 by becom+ ,8 memb]3 :]e=e x is writt5 7,gal4 #c3bg73 ,z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/1 h put on ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly x is manife/ t all are b\nd to be baptiz$3 & t )\t ,baptism !re is no salvation = m54 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,at no "t1 n ev5 be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 c\ld m5 be sav$ unless !y became memb]s ( ,*ri/3 because1 z x is writt5 7,acts #d3ab71 !re is no o!r "n "u heav5 giv5 to m51 :]eby we mu/ be sav$4 ,b be=e ,*ri/'s com+1 m5 7 incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/ by fai? 9 ,8 future com+3 ( :i* fai? circumcision 0 ! seal1 z ! ,apo/le calls x 7,rom4 #d3aa73 :]eas be=e circumcision 0 in/itut$1 m5 7 incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/ by fai? alone1 z ,gregory says 7,moral4 iv71 toge!r ) ! (f]+ ( sacrifices1 by means ( :i* ! ,fa!rs ( old made pr(ession ( _! fai?4 ,aga91 s9ce ,*ri/'s com+1 m5 are incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/ by fai?2 accord+ to ,eph4 #c3ag3 ,t ,*ri/ may dwell by fai? 9 y\r he>ts4 ,b fai? 9 a ?+ already pres5t is manife/$ by a sign diff]5t f t by :i* x 0 manife/$ :5 t ?+ 0 yet 9 ! future3 j z we use o!r p>ts ( ! v]b1 to signify ! pres5t1 ! pa/1 & ! future4 ,consequ5tly al?\gh ! sacram5t itself ( ,baptism 0 n always necess>y = salvation1 yet fai?1 ( :i* ,baptism is ! sacram5t1 0 always necess>y4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z we h /at$ 9 ! ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b1 ^? :o are baptiz$ are r5ew$ 9 _s by ,baptism1 :ile _! body rema9s subject to ! oldness ( s91 accord+ to ,rom4 #h3aj3 ,! body1 inde$1 is dead because ( s91 b ! _s live? because ( ju/ification4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e 7,contra ,julian4 vi7 proves t n ev]y?+ t is 9 man is baptiz$4 ,n[ x is manife/ t 9 c>nal g5]ation man does n beget 9 respect ( 8 s\l1 b 9 respect ( 8 body4 ,consequ5tly ! *ildr5 ( ^? :o are baptiz$ are born ) orig9al s92 :]e=e !y ne$ to be baptiz$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^? :o are sanctifi$ 9 ! womb1 receive inde$ grace :i* cleanses !m f orig9al s91 b !y d n !re=e receive ! "*1 by :i* !y are con=m$ to ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly1 if any 7 to be sanctifi$ 9 ! womb n[1 !y w\ld ne$ to be baptiz$1 9 ord] to be con=m$ to ,*ri/'s o!r memb]s by receiv+ ! "*4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r a ,man ,c ,be ,sav$ ,)\t ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t no man c be sav$ )\t ,baptism4 ,= our ,"l said 7,john #c3e73 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,b ^? alone are sav$ :o ent] ,god's k+dom4 ,!re=e none c be sav$ )\t ,baptism1 by :i* a man is born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! book ,de ,eccl4 ,dogm4 xli1 x is writt53 ,we believe t no cate*um51 ?\gh he die 9 8 good works1 w h et]nal life1 except he suff] m>tyrdom1 :i* conta9s all ! sacram5tal virtue ( ,baptism4 ,b if x 7 possible = anyone to be sav$ )\t ,baptism1 ?is w\ld be ! case specially ) cate*um5s :o are cr$it$ ) good works1 = !y seem to h ! fai? t worke? by *>ity 7,gal4 #e3f74 ,!re=e x seems t none c be sav$ )\t ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a2 ,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #d71 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is necess>y = salvation4 ,n[ t is necess>y )\t :i* some?+ _c be 7,metaph4 v74 ,!re=e x seems t none c obta9 salvation )\t ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,levit4 lxxxiv7 t "s h receiv$ ! invisible sanctification )\t visible sacram5ts1 & to _! pr(it2 b ?\gh x is possible to h ! visible sanctification1 consi/+ 9 a visible sacram5t1 )\t ! invisible sanctification1 x w be to no pr(it4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism p]ta9s to ! visible sanctification1 x seems t a man c obta9 salvation )\t ! sacram5t ( ,baptism1 by means ( ! invisible sanctification4 ,i answ] t1 ,! sacram5t ( ,baptism may be want+ to someone 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 bo? 9 reality & 9 desire2 z is ! case ) ^? :o nei!r are baptiz$1 nor wi%$ to be baptiz$3 :i* cle>ly indicates contempt ( ! sacram5t1 9 reg>d to ^? :o h ! use ( ! free-w4 ,consequ5tly ^? to :om ,baptism is want+ ?us1 _c obta9 salvation3 s9ce nei!r sacram5tally nor m5tally are !y incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/1 ?r\gh ,:om alone c salvation be obta9$4 ,secondly1 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism may be want+ to anyone 9 reality b n 9 desire3 = in/ance1 :5 a man wi%es to be baptiz$1 b by "s ill-*ance he is =e/all$ by dea? be=e receiv+ ,baptism4 ,& su* a man c obta9 salvation )\t be+ actually baptiz$1 on acc\nt ( 8 desire = ,baptism1 :i* desire is ! outcome ( fai? t worke? by *>ity1 :]eby ,god1 ,^: p[] is n ti$ to visible sacram5ts1 sanctifies man inw>dly4 ,h5ce ,ambrose says ( ,val5t9ian1 :o di$ :ile yet a cate*um53 ,i lo/ him :om ,i 0 to reg5]ate3 b he did n lose ! grace he pray$ =4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z x is writt5 7#a ,k+s #af3g71 man see? ^? ?+s t appe>1 b ! ,"l beholde? ! he>t4 ,n[ a man :o desires to be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/ by ,baptism1 is reg5]at$ 9 he>t ?\gh n 9 body4 ,?us ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #b3bi7 t ! circumcision is t ( ! he>t1 9 ! _s1 n 9 ! lett]2 ^: praise is n ( m5 b ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,no man obta9s et]nal life unless he be free f all guilt & debt ( puni%m5t4 ,n[ ?is pl5>y absolution is giv5 :5 a man receives ,baptism1 or suff]s m>tyrdom3 = :i* reason is x /at$ t m>tyrdom conta9s all ! sacram5tal virtue ( ,baptism1 i4e4 z to ! full deliv]ance f guilt & puni%m5t4 ,suppose1 !re=e1 a cate*um5 to h ! desire = ,baptism 7else he c\ld n be said to die 9 8 good works1 :i* _c be )\t fai? t worke? by *>ity71 su* a "o1 7 he to die1 w\ld n =?) come to et]nal life1 b w\ld suff] puni%m5t = 8 pa/ s9s1 b he himself %all be sav$1 yet s z by fire z is /at$ #a ,cor4 #c3ae4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! sacram5t ( ,baptism is said to be necess>y = salvation 9 s f> z man _c be sav$ )\t1 at lea/1 ,baptism ( desire2 :i*1 ) ,god1 c\nts = ! de$ 7,augu/9e1 ,en>r4 9 ,ps4 #eg74 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,baptism ,%\ld ,be ,def]r$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,baptism %\ld be def]r$4 ,= ,pope ,leo says 7,epi/4 xvi73 ,two seasons1 i4e4 ,ea/] & ,:itsuntide1 are fix$ by ! ,roman ,pontiff = ! celebration ( ,baptism4 ,:]e=e we admoni% y\r ,beatitude n to add any o!r days to ?is cu/om4 ,!re=e x seems t ,baptism %\ld be conf]r$ n at once1 b delay$ until ! a=esaid seasons4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 we read 9 ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,agde 7,c4 xxxiv73 ,if ,jews ^: bad fai? (t5 'returns to ! vomit1' wi% to submit to ! ,law ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 let !m = eight mon?s ent] ! por* ( ! *ur* ) ! cate*um5s2 & if !y are f\nd to come 9 good fai? !n at la/ !y may des]ve ! grace ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e m5 %\ld n be baptiz$ at once1 & ,baptism %\ld be def]r$ = a c]ta9 fix$ "t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z we read 9 ,isa4 #bg3i1 ?is is all ! fruit1 t ! s9 4 4 4 %\ld be tak5 away4 ,n[ s9 seems to be tak5 away1 or at any rate less5$1 if ,baptism be def]r$4 ,fir/1 because ^? :o s9 aft] ,baptism1 s9 m griev\sly1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aj3bi3 ,h[ mu* m1 d y ?9k1 he des]ve? worse puni%m5ts1 :o ha? 4 4 4 e/eem$ ! blood ( ! te/am5t1 i4e4 ,baptism1 unclean1 by :i* he 0 sanctifi$8 ,secondly1 because ,baptism takes away pa/1 b n future1 s9s3 :]e=e ! m x is def]r$1 ! m s9s x takes away4 ,!re=e x seems t ,baptism %\ld be def]r$ = a long "t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #e3h73 ,delay n to be conv]t$ to ! ,"l1 & def] x n f day to day4 ,b ! p]fect conv]sion to ,god is ( ^? :o are reg5]at$ 9 ,*ri/ by ,baptism4 ,!re=e ,baptism %\ld n be def]r$ f day to day4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ?is matt] we mu/ make a di/9ction & see :e!r ^? :o are to be baptiz$ are *ildr5 or adults4 ,= if !y be *ildr51 ,baptism %\ld n be def]r$4 ,fir/1 because 9 !m we d n look = bett] in/ruction or full] conv]sion4 ,secondly1 because ( ! dang] ( dea?1 = no o!r rem$y is available = !m besides ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 adults h a rem$y 9 ! m]e desire = ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,& !re=e ,baptism %\ld n be conf]r$ on adults z soon z !y are conv]t$1 b x %\ld be def]r$ until "s fix$ "t4 ,fir/1 z a safegu>d to ! ,*ur*1 le/ %e be deceiv$ ?r\gh baptiz+ ^? :o come to h] "u false pret5ses1 accord+ to #a ,john #d3a3 ,believe n e _s1 b try ! spirits1 if !y be ( ,god4 ,& ^? :o approa* ,baptism are put to ?is te/1 :5 _! fai? & morals are subject$ to pro( = a space ( "t4 ,secondly1 ?is is ne$ful z be+ useful = ^? :o are baptiz$2 = !y require a c]ta9 space ( "t 9 ord] to be fully in/ruct$ 9 ! fai?1 & to be drill$ 9 ^? ?+s t p]ta9 to ! ,*ri/ian mode ( life4 ,?irdly1 a c]ta9 rev]5ce = ! sacram5t dem&s a delay :]eby m5 are admitt$ to ,baptism at ! pr9cipal fe/ivities1 viz4 ( ,ea/] & ,p5teco/1 ! result be+ t !y receive ! sacram5t ) great] devotion4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two reasons = =go+ ?is delay4 ,fir/1 :5 ^? :o are to be baptiz$ appe> to be p]fectly in/ruct$ 9 ! fai? & ready = ,baptism2 ?us1 ,philip baptiz$ ! ,eunu* at once 7,acts #h72 & ,pet]1 ,cornelius & ^? :o 7 ) him 7,acts #aj74 ,secondly1 by reason ( sickness or "s k9d ( dang] ( dea?4 ,:]e=e ,pope ,leo says 7,epi/4 xvi73 ,^? :o are ?reat5$ by dea?1 sickness1 siege1 p]secution1 or %ipwreck1 %\ld be baptiz$ at any "t4 ,yet if a man is =e/all$ by dea?1 s z to h no "t to receive ! sacram5t1 :ile he awaits ! season appo9t$ by ! ,*ur*1 he is sav$1 yet s z by fire1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ad #b74 ,nev]!less he s9s if he def] be+ baptiz$ beyond ! "t appo9t$ by ! ,*ur*1 except ?is be = an unavoidable cause & ) ! p]mission ( ! au?orities ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b ev5 ?is s91 ) 8 o!r s9s1 c be wa%$ away by 8 subsequ5t contrition1 :i* takes ! place ( ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #aa74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is decree ( ,pope ,leo1 conc]n+ ! celebration ( ,baptism at two seasons1 is to be und]/ood ) ! exception ( ! dang] ( dea? 7:i* is always to be fe>$ 9 *ildr57 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is decree conc]n+ ! ,jews 0 = a safegu>d to ! ,*ur*1 le/ !y corrupt ! fai? ( simple p1 if !y be n fully conv]t$4 ,nev]!less1 z ! same passage reads fur!r on1 if )9 ! appo9t$ "t !y are ?reat5$ ) dang] ( sickness1 !y %\ld be baptiz$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,baptism1 by ! grace :i* x be/[s1 removes n only pa/ s9s1 b h9d]s ! commission ( future s9s4 ,n[ ?is is ! po9t to be consid]$--t m5 may n s93 x is a second>y consid]ation t _! s9s be less griev\s1 or t _! s9s be wa%$ away1 accord+ to #a ,john #b3a1 #b3 ,my little *ildr51 ^! ?+s ,i write to y1 t y may n s94 ,b if any man s91 we h an advocate ) ! ,fa!r1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! j2 & ,he is ! propitiation = our s9s4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,s9n]s ,%\ld ,be ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t s9n]s %\ld be baptiz$4 ,= x is writt5 7,ze*4 #ac3a73 ,9 t day !re %all be a f\nta9 op5 to ! ,h\se ( ,david1 & to ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem3 = ! wa%+ ( ! s9n] & ( ! unclean woman3 & ?is is to be und]/ood ( ! f\nta9 ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5t ( ,baptism %\ld be (f]$ ev5 to s9n]s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l said 7,matt4 #i3ab73 ,!y t are 9 heal? ne$ n a physician1 b !y t are ill4 ,b !y t are ill are s9n]s4 ,!re=e s9ce ,baptism is ! rem$y ( ,*ri/ ! physician ( our s\ls1 x seems t ?is sacram5t %\ld be (f]$ to s9n]s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no assi/ance %\ld be )drawn f s9n]s4 ,b s9n]s :o h be5 baptiz$ d]ive spiritual assi/ance f ! v "* ( ,baptism1 s9ce x is a disposition to grace4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5t ( ,baptism %\ld be (f]$ to s9n]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,s]m4 clxix73 ,he ,:o creat$ !e )\t !e1 w n ju/ify !e )\t !e4 ,b s9ce a s9n]'s w is ill-dispos$1 he does n co-op]ate ) ,god4 ,!re=e x is useless to employ ,baptism z a means ( ju/ification4 ,i answ] t1 ,a man may be said to be a s9n] 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 on acc\nt ( ! /a9 & ! debt ( puni%m5t incurr$ 9 ! pa/3 & on s9n]s 9 ?is s5se ! sacram5t ( ,baptism %\ld be conf]r$1 s9ce x is in/itut$ specially = ?is purpose1 t by x ! uncleanness ( s9 may be wa%$ away1 accord+ to ,eph4 #e3bf3 ,cleans+ x by ! lav] ( wat] 9 ! ^w ( life4 ,secondly1 a man may be call$ a s9n] because he wills to s9 & purposes to rema9 9 s93 & on s9n]s 9 ?is s5se ! sacram5t ( ,baptism %\ld n be conf]r$4 ,fir/1 inde$1 because by ,baptism m5 are incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,gal4 #c3bg3 ,z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/1 h put on ,*ri/4 ,n[ s long z a man wills to s91 he _c be unit$ to ,*ri/1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #f3ad3 ,:at p>ticipation ha? ju/ice ) inju/ice8 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ,p5ance 7,s]m4 cccli7 t no man :o has ! use ( free-w c beg9 ! new life1 except he rep5t ( 8 =m] life4 ,secondly1 because !re %\ld be no?+ useless 9 ! works ( ,*ri/ & ( ! ,*ur*4 ,n[ t is useless :i* does n rea* ! end to :i* x is orda9$2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 no "o hav+ ! w to s9 c1 at ! same "t1 be cleans$ f s91 :i* is ! purpose ( ,baptism2 = ?is w\ld be to comb9e two contradictory ?+s4 ,?irdly1 because !re %\ld be no falsehood 9 ! sacram5tal signs4 ,n[ a sign is false if x does n correspond ) ! ?+ signifi$4 ,b ! v fact t a man pres5ts himself to be cleans$ by ,baptism1 signifies t he prep>es himself = ! inw>d cleans+3 :ile ?is _c be ! case ) "o :o purposes to rema9 9 s94 ,!re=e x is manife/ t on su* a man ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is n to be conf]r$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! words quot$ are to be und]/ood ( ^? s9n]s ^: w is set on r5\nc+ s94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! physician ( s\ls1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 works 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 inw>dly1 by ,himself3 & ?us ,he prep>es man's w s t x wills good & hates evil4 ,secondly1 ,he works ?r\gh m9i/]s1 by ! outw>d application ( ! sacram5ts3 & 9 ?is way ,8 "w consi/s 9 p]fect+ :at 0 begun outw>dly4 ,!re=e ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is n to be conf]r$ save on ^? 9 :om !re appe>s "s sign ( _! int]ior conv]sion3 j z nei!r is bodily m$ic9e giv5 to a sick man1 unless he %[ "s sign ( life4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( fai?4 ,n[ dead fai? does n suffice = salvation2 nor is x ! f\ndation1 b liv+ fai? alone1 t worke? by *>ity 7,gal4 #e3f71 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,fide et op]474 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 c ! sacram5t ( ,baptism give salvation to a man ^: w is set on s9n+1 & h5ce expels ! =m ( fai?4 ,moreov]1 ! impression ( ! baptismal "* _c dispose a man = grace z long z he reta9s ! w to s92 = ,god compels no man to be virtu\s1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 ii74 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,works ( ,satisfaction ,%\ld ,be ,enjo9$ on ,s9n]s ,t ,h ,be5 ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t works ( satisfaction %\ld be enjo9$ on s9n]s t h be5 baptiz$4 ,= ,god's ju/ice seems to dem& t a man %\ld be puni%$ = e s9 ( 81 accord+ to ,eccles4 #ab3ad3 ,all ?+s t are done1 ,god w br+ into judgm5t4 ,b works ( satisfaction are enjo9$ on s9n]s 9 puni%m5t ( pa/ s9s4 ,!re=e x seems t works ( satisfaction %\ld be enjo9$ on s9n]s t h be5 baptiz$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by means ( works ( satisfaction s9n]s rec5tly conv]t$ are drill$ into righte\sness1 & are made to avoid ! occasions ( s93 = satisfaction consi/s 9 extirpat+ ! causes ( vice1 & clos+ ! doors to s9 7,de ,eccl4 ,dogm4 iv74 ,b ?is is mo/ necess>y 9 ! case ( ^? :o h be5 baptiz$ rec5tly4 ,!re=e x seems t works ( satisfaction %\ld be enjo9$ on s9n]s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 man owes satisfaction to ,god n less ?an to 8 neighbor4 ,b if ^? :o 7 rec5tly baptiz$ h injur$ _! neighbor1 !y %\ld be told to make rep>ation to ,god by works ( p5ance4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose comm5t+ on ,rom4 #aa3bi3 ,! gifts & ! call+ ( ,god are )\t rep5tance1 says3 ,! grace ( ,god requires nei!r sighs nor groans 9 ,baptism1 nor inde$ any "w at all1 b fai? alone2 & remits all1 gratis4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #f3c1 #d71 all we :o are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 are baptiz$ 9 ,8 dea?3 = we are buri$ toge!r ) ,him1 by ,baptism unto dea?2 :i* is to say t by ,baptism man is incorporat$ 9 ! v dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ x is manife/ f :at has be5 said above 7,q4 #dh1 ,,aa4 #b1 #d2 ,q4 #di1 ,a4 #c7 t ,*ri/'s dea? satisfi$ suffici5tly = s9s1 n = ours only1 b also = ^? ( ! :ole _w1 accord+ to #a ,john #b3b4 ,consequ5tly no k9d ( satisfaction %\ld be enjo9$ on "o :o is be+ baptiz$1 = any s9s :atev]3 & ?is w\ld be to di%onor ! ,passion & dea? ( ,*ri/1 z be+ insuffici5t = ! pl5>y satisfaction = ! s9s ( ^? :o 7 to be baptiz$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ,infant ,baptism 7,de ,pecc4 ,m]it4 et ,remiss4 i71 ! effect ( ,baptism is to make ^?1 :o are baptiz$1 to be incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/ z ,8 memb]s4 ,:]e=e ! v pa9s ( ,*ri/ 7 satisfactory = ! s9s ( ^? :o 7 to be baptiz$2 j z ! pa9 ( "o memb] c be satisfactory = ! s9 ( ano!r memb]4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,isa4 #ec3d73 ,surely ,he ha? borne our infirmities & c>ri$ our sorr[s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,^? :o h be5 lately baptiz$ %\ld be drill$ into righte\sness1 n by p5al1 b by easy works1 s z to advance to p]fection by tak+ ex]cise1 z infants by tak+ milk1 z a gloss says on ,ps4 #acj3b3 ,z a *ild t is wean$ is t[>ds 8 "m4 ,= ?is reason did our ,"l excuse ,8 disciples f fa/+ :5 !y 7 rec5tly conv]t$1 z we read 9 ,matt4 #i3ad1 #ae3 & ! same is writt5 #a ,pet4 #b3b3 ,z new-born babes desire 4 4 4 milk 4 4 4 t !reby y may gr[ unto salvation4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,to re/ore :at has be5 ill tak5 f "o's neighbor1 & to make satisfaction = wrong done to him1 is to cease f s93 = ! v fact ( reta9+ :at belongs to ano!r & ( n be+ reconcil$ to "o's neighbor1 is a s94 ,:]e=e ^? :o are baptiz$ %\ld be enjo9$ to make satisfaction to _! neighbor1 z also to desi/ f s94 ,b !y are n to be enjo9$ to suff] any puni%m5t = pa/ s9s4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,s9n]s ,:o ,are ,go+ to ,be ,baptiz$ ,are ,b\nd to ,confess ,_! ,s9s8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t s9n]s :o are go+ to be baptiz$ are b\nd to confess _! s9s4 ,= x is writt5 7,matt4 #c3f7 t _m 7 baptiz$ by ,john 9 ! ,jordan confess+ _! s9s4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,baptism is m p]fect ?an ,john's4 ,!re=e x seems t !re is yet great] reason :y !y :o are ab\t to receive ,*ri/'s ,baptism %\ld confess _! s9s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,prov4 #bh3ac73 ,he t hide? 8 s9s1 %all n prosp]2 b he t %all confess & =sake !m1 %all obta9 m]cy4 ,n[ = ?is is a man baptiz$1 t he may obta9 m]cy = 8 s9s4 ,!re=e ^? :o are go+ to be baptiz$ %\ld confess _! s9s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,p5ance is requir$ be=e ,baptism1 accord+ to ,acts #b3ch3 ,d p5ance & be baptiz$ e "o ( y4 ,b confession is a "p ( ,p5ance4 ,!re=e x seems t confession ( s9s %\ld take place be=e ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,confession ( s9s %\ld be sorr[ful3 ?us ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]a et ,falsa ,po5it4 xiv73 ,all ^! circum/ances %\ld be tak5 into acc\nt & deplor$4 ,n[1 z ,ambrose says on ,rom4 #aa3bi1 ! grace ( ,god requires nei!r sighs nor groans 9 ,baptism4 ,!re=e confession ( s9s %\ld n be requir$ ( ^? :o are go+ to be baptiz$4 ,i answ] t1 ,confession ( s9s is tw(old4 ,"o is made inw>dly to ,god3 & su* confession ( s9s is requir$ be=e ,baptism3 9 o!r words1 man %\ld call 8 s9s to m9d & sorr[ = !m2 s9ce he _c beg9 ! new life1 except he rep5t ( 8 =m] life1 z ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ,p5ance 7,s]m4 cccli74 ,! o!r is ! outw>d confession ( s9s1 :i* is made to a prie/2 & su* confession is n requir$ be=e ,baptism4 ,fir/1 because ?is confession1 s9ce x is direct$ to ! p]son ( ! m9i/]1 belongs to ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 :i* is n requir$ be=e ,baptism1 :i* is ! door ( all ! sacram5ts4 ,secondly1 because ! reason :y a man makes outw>d confession to a prie/1 is t ! prie/ may absolve him f 8 s9s1 & b9d him to works ( satisfaction1 :i* %\ld n be enjo9$ on ! baptiz$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e74 ,moreov] ^? :o are be+ baptiz$ d n ne$ to be releas$ f _! s9s by ! keys ( ! ,*ur*1 s9ce all are =giv5 !m 9 ,baptism4 ,?irdly1 because ! v act ( confession made to a man is p5al1 by reason ( ! %ame x inflicts on ! "o confess+3 :]eas no ext]ior puni%m5t is enjo9$ on a man :o is be+ baptiz$4 ,!re=e no special confession ( s9s is requir$ ( ^? :o are be+ baptiz$2 b t g5]al confession suffices :i* !y make :5 9 accordance ) ! ,*ur*'s ritual !y r5\nce ,satan & all 8 works4 ,& 9 ?is s5se a gloss expla9s ,matt4 #c3f1 say+ t 9 ,john's ,baptism ^? :o are go+ to be baptiz$ le>n t !y %\ld confess _! s9s & promise to am5d _! life4 ,if1 h[ev]1 any p]sons ab\t to be baptiz$1 wi%1 out ( devotion1 to confess _! s9s1 _! confession %\ld be he>d2 n = ! purpose ( enjo9+ !m to d satisfaction1 b 9 ord] to in/ruct !m 9 ! spiritual life z a rem$y aga9/ _! vici\s habits4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9s 7 n =giv5 9 ,john's ,baptism1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 ! ,baptism ( ,p5ance4 ,consequ5tly x 0 fitt+ t ^? :o w5t to receive t ,baptism1 %\ld confess _! s9s1 s t !y %\ld receive a p5ance 9 proportion to _! s9s4 ,b ,*ri/'s ,baptism is )\t outw>d p5ance1 z ,ambrose says 7on ,rom4 #aa3bi72 & !re=e !re is no comp>ison4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x is en\gh t ! baptiz$ make inw>d confession to ,god1 & also an outw>d g5]al confession1 = !m to prosp] & obta9 m]cy3 & !y ne$ no special outw>d confession1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,confession is a "p ( sacram5tal ,p5ance1 :i* is n requir$ be=e ,baptism1 z /at$ above3 b ! inw>d virtue ( ,p5ance is requir$4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,int5tion ( ,receiv+ ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism ,is ,requir$ on ! ,"p ( ! ,"o ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! int5tion ( receiv+ ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is n requir$ on ! "p ( ! "o baptiz$4 ,= ! "o baptiz$ is1 z x 71 pati5t 9 ! sacram5t4 ,b an int5tion is requir$ n on ! "p ( ! pati5t b on ! "p ( ! ag5t4 ,!re=e x seems t ! int5tion ( receiv+ ,baptism is n requir$ on ! "p ( ! "o baptiz$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 if :at is necess>y = ,baptism be omitt$1 ! ,baptism mu/ be repeat$2 = in/ance1 if ! invocation ( ! ,tr9ity be omitt$1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #i1 ad #c74 ,b x does n seem t a man %\ld be rebaptiz$ ?r\gh n hav+ _h ! int5tion ( receiv+ ,baptism3 else1 s9ce 8 int5tion _c be prov$1 anyone might ask to be baptiz$ aga9 on acc\nt ( 8 lack ( int5tion4 ,!re=e x seems t no int5tion is requir$ on ! "p ( ! "o baptiz$1 9 ord] t he receive ! sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is giv5 z a rem$y = orig9al s94 ,b orig9al s9 is contract$ )\t ! int5tion ( ! p]son born4 ,!re=e1 seem+ly1 ,baptism requires no int5tion on ! "p ( ! p]son baptiz$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,accord+ to ! ,*ur*'s ritual1 ^? :o are to be baptiz$ ask ( ! ,*ur* t !y may receive ,baptism3 & ?us !y express _! int5tion ( receiv+ ! sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,by ,baptism a man dies to ! old life ( s91 & beg9s a c]ta9 newness ( life1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3d3 ,we are buri$ toge!r ) ,*ri/ by ,baptism into dea?2 t1 z ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead 4 4 4 s we also may walk 9 newness ( life4 ,consequ5tly1 j z1 accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,s]m4 cccli71 he :o has ! use ( free-w1 mu/1 9 ord] to die to ! old life1 w to rep5t ( 8 =m] life2 s mu/ he1 ( 8 own w1 int5d to lead a new life1 ! beg9n+ ( :i* is precisely ! receiv+ ( ! sacram5t4 ,!re=e on ! "p ( ! "o baptiz$1 x is necess>y = him to h ! w or int5tion ( receiv+ ! sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 a man is ju/ifi$ by ,baptism1 8 passiv5ess is n viol5t b volunt>y3 :]e=e x is necess>y = him to int5d to receive t :i* is giv5 him4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,if an adult lack ! int5tion ( receiv+ ! sacram5t1 he mu/ be rebaptiz$4 ,b if !re be d\bt ab\t ?is1 ! =m to be us$ %\ld be3 ,if ?\ art n baptiz$1 ,i baptize !e4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,baptism is a rem$y n only aga9/ orig9al1 b also aga9/ actual s9s1 :i* are caus$ by our w & int5tion4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,fai? ,is ,requir$ on ! ,"p ( ! ,"o ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t fai? is requir$ on ! "p ( ! "o baptiz$4 ,= ! sacram5t ( ,baptism 0 in/itut$ by ,*ri/4 ,b ,*ri/1 9 giv+ ! =m ( ,baptism1 makes fai? to prec$e ,baptism 7,mk4 #af3af73 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$1 %all be sav$4 ,!re=e x seems t )\t fai? !re c be no sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ useless is done 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b accord+ to ! ,*ur*'s ritual1 ! man :o comes to be baptiz$ is ask$ conc]n+ 8 fai?3 ,do/ ?\ believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty8 ,!re=e x seems t fai? is requir$ = ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! int5tion ( receiv+ ! sacram5t is requir$ = ,baptism4 ,b ?is _c be )\t "r fai?1 s9ce ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( "r fai?3 = !reby m5 are incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/1 z ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ,infant ,baptism 7,de ,pecc4 ,m]it4 et ,remiss4 i72 & ?is _c be )\t "r fai?1 accord+ to ,eph4 #c3ag3 ,t ,*ri/ may dwell by fai? 9 y\r he>ts4 ,!re=e x seems t a man :o has n "r fai? _c receive ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 unbelief is a mo/ griev\s s91 z we h %[n 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #aj1 ,a4 #c74 ,b ^? :o rema9 9 s9 %\ld n be baptiz$3 !re=e nei!r %\ld ^? :o rema9 9 unbelief4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,gregory writ+ to ! bi%op ,quiricus says3 ,we h le>n$ f ! anci5t tradition ( ! ,fa!rs t :5 h]etics1 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity1 come back to ,holy ,*ur*1 !y are to be welcom$ to h] bosom1 ei!r ) ! ano9t+ ( *rism1 or ! imposition ( h&s1 or ! m]e pr(ession ( fai?4 ,b su* w\ld n be ! case if fai? 7 necess>y = a man to receive ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,z appe>s f :at has be5 said above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #f2 ,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #i7 ,baptism produces a tw(old effect 9 ! s\l1 viz4 ! "* & grace4 ,!re=e 9 two ways may a ?+ be necess>y = ,baptism4 ,fir/1 z some?+ )\t :i* grace1 :i* is ! ultimate effect ( ! sacram5t1 _c be _h4 ,& ?us "r fai? is necess>y = ,baptism1 because1 z x appe>s f ,rom4 #c3bb1 ! ju/ice ( ,god is by fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,secondly1 some?+ is requir$ ( necessity = ,baptism1 because )\t x ! baptismal "* _c be impr9t$4 ,& ?us "r fai? is n necess>y 9 ! "o baptiz$ any m ?an 9 ! "o :o baptizes3 provid$ ! o!r conditions are fulfill$ :i* are ess5tial to ! sacram5t4 ,= ! sacram5t is n p]fect$ by ! righte\sness ( ! m9i/] or ( ! recipi5t ( ,baptism1 b by ! p[] ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,our ,"l is speak+ !re ( ,baptism z br++ u to salvation by giv+ u sanctify+ grace3 :i* ( c\rse _c be )\t "r fai?3 :]e=e ,he says po9t$ly3 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$1 %all be sav$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,*ur*'s int5tion 9 baptiz+ m5 is t !y may be cleans$ f s91 accord+ to ,isa4 #bg3i3 ,?is is all ! fruit1 t ! s9 4 4 4 %\ld be tak5 away4 ,& !re=e1 z f> z %e is conc]n$1 %e does n int5d to give ,baptism save to ^? :o h "r fai?1 )\t :i* !re is no remission ( s9s4 ,& = ?is reason %e asks ^? :o come to be baptiz$ :e!r !y believe4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 anyone1 )\t "r fai?1 receive ,baptism outside ! ,*ur*1 he does n receive x unto salvation4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,baptism4 contr4 ,donat4 iv73 ,f ! ,*ur* be+ comp>$ to ,p>adise we le>n t m5 c receive h] ,baptism ev5 outside h] fold1 b t else:]e none c receive or keep ! salvation ( ! bless$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,ev5 he :o has n "r fai? on o!r po9ts1 c h "r fai? ab\t ! sacram5t ( ,baptism3 & s he is n h9d]$ f hav+ ! int5tion ( receiv+ t sacram5t4 ,yet ev5 if he ?9k n aright conc]n+ ?is sacram5t1 x is en\gh1 = ! receiv+ ( ! sacram5t1 t he %\ld h a g5]al int5tion ( receiv+ ,baptism1 accord+ z ,*ri/ in/itut$1 & z ! ,*ur* be/[s x4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,j z ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is n to be conf]r$ on a man :o is unwill+ to give up 8 o!r s9s1 s nei!r %\ld x be giv5 to "o :o is unwill+ to r5\nce 8 unbelief4 ,yet ea* receives ! sacram5t if x be conf]r$ on him1 ?\gh n unto salvation4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,*ildr5 ,%\ld ,be ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t *ildr5 %\ld n be baptiz$4 ,= ! int5tion to receive ! sacram5t is requir$ 9 "o :o is be+ baptiz$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #g74 ,b *ildr5 _c h su* an int5tion1 s9ce !y h n ! use ( free-w4 ,!re=e x seems t !y _c receive ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( fai?1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ci1 ,a4 #e2 ,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a74 ,b *ildr5 h n fai?1 :i* dem&s an act ( ! w on ! "p ( ! believ]1 z ,augu/9e says 7,sup] ,joan4 xxvi74 ,nor c x be said t _! salvation is impli$ 9 ! fai? ( _! p>5ts2 s9ce ! latt] are sometimes unbeliev]s1 & _! unbelief w\ld conduce r to ! damnation ( _! *ildr54 ,!re=e x seems t *ildr5 _c be baptiz$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#a ,pet4 #c3ba7 t ,baptism save? m52 n ! putt+ away ( ! fil? ( ! fle%1 b ! exam9ation ( a good consci5ce t[>ds ,god4 ,b *ildr5 h no consci5ce1 ei!r good or bad1 s9ce !y h n ! use ( reason3 nor c !y be fitt+ly exam9$1 s9ce !y und]/& n4 ,!re=e *ildr5 %\ld n be baptiz$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii73 ,our heav5ly guides1 i4e4 ! ,apo/les1 approv$ ( infants be+ admitt$ to ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ag71 if by "o man's (f5se dea? reign$ ?r\gh "o1 namely ,adam1 mu* m !y :o receive abundance ( grace1 & ( ! gift1 & ( ju/ice1 %all reign 9 life ?r\gh "o1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,n[ *ildr5 contract orig9al s9 f ! s9 ( ,adam2 :i* is made cle> by ! fact t !y are "u ! ban ( dea?1 :i* pass$ ^u all on acc\nt ( ! s9 ( ! fir/ man1 z ! ,apo/le says 9 ! same passage 7,rom4 #e3ab74 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 c *ildr5 receive grace ?r\gh ,*ri/1 s z to reign 9 et]nal life4 ,b our ,"l ,himself said 7,john #c3e73 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,consequ5tly x became necess>y to baptize *ildr51 t1 z 9 bir? !y incurr$ damnation ?r\gh ,adam s 9 a second bir? !y might obta9 salvation ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,moreov] x 0 fitt+ t *ildr5 %\ld receive ,baptism1 9 ord] t be+ re>$ f *ildhood 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! ,*ri/ian mode ( life1 !y may ! m easily p]sev]e !re92 accord+ to ,prov4 #bb3e3 ,a "y man accord+ to 8 way1 ev5 :5 he is old1 he w n dep>t f x4 ,?is reason is also giv5 by ,dionysius 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! spiritual reg5]ation effect$ by ,baptism is some:at l c>nal bir?1 9 ?is respect1 t z ! *ild :ile 9 ! "m's womb receives n\ri%m5t n indep5d5tly1 b ?r\gh ! n\ri%m5t ( its "m1 s also *ildr5 be=e ! use ( reason1 be+ z x 7 9 ! womb ( _! "m ! ,*ur*1 receive salvation n by _! own act1 b by ! act ( ! ,*ur*4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pecc4 ,m]it4 et ,remiss4 i73 ,! ,*ur*1 our "m1 (f]s h] mat]nal m\? = h] *ildr51 t !y may imbibe ! sacr$ my/]ies3 = !y _c z yet ) _! own he>ts believe unto ju/ice1 nor ) _! own m\?s confess unto salvation 4 4 4 ,& if !y are rightly said to believe1 because 9 a c]ta9 fa%ion !y make pr(ession ( fai? by ! words ( _! sponsors1 :y %\ld !y n also be said to rep5t1 s9ce by ! words ( ^? same sponsors !y evid5ce _! r5unciation ( ! devil & ?is _w8 ,= ! same reason !y c be said to int5d1 n by _! own act ( int5tion1 s9ce at times !y /ruggle & cry2 b by ! act ( ^? :o br+ !m to be baptiz$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says1 writ+ to ,boniface 7,cont4 duas ,ep4 ,pelag4 i71 9 ! ,*ur* ( our ,savi\r little *ildr5 believe ?r\gh o!rs1 j z !y contract$ f o!rs ^? s9s :i* are remitt$ 9 ,baptism4 ,nor is x a h9drance to _! salvation if _! p>5ts be unbeliev]s1 because1 z ,augu/9e says1 writ+ to ! same ,boniface 7,ep4 xcviii71 little *ildr5 are (f]$ t !y may receive grace 9 _! s\ls1 n s mu* f ! h&s ( ^? t c>ry !m 7yet f ^! too1 if !y be good & fai?ful7 z f ! :ole company ( ! sa9ts & ! fai?ful4 ,= !y are rightly consid]$ to be (f]$ by ^? :o are pleas$ at _! be+ (f]$1 & by ^: *>ity !y are unit$ 9 communion ) ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& ! unbelief ( _! own p>5ts1 ev5 if aft] ,baptism ^! /rive to infect !m ) ! wor%ip ( demons1 hurts n ! *ildr54 ,= z ,augu/9e says 7,cont4 duas ,ep4 ,pelag4 i7 :5 once ! *ild has be5 begott5 by ! w ( o!rs1 he _c subsequ5tly be held by ! bonds ( ano!r's s9 s long z he cons5t n ) 8 w1 accord+ to ,eze*4 #ah3d3 ',z ! s\l ( ! ,fa!r1 s also ! s\l ( ! son is m9e2 ! s\l t s9ne?1 ! same %all die4' ,yet he contract$ f ,adam t :i* 0 loos$ by ! grace ( ?is sacram5t1 because z yet he 0 n end[$ ) a sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,b ! fai? ( "o1 inde$ ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 pr(its ! *ild ?r\gh ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o unites ! ,*ur* toge!r1 & communicates ! goods ( "o memb] to ano!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,j z a *ild1 :5 he is be+ baptiz$1 believes n by himself b by o!rs1 s is he exam9$ n by himself b ?r\gh o!rs1 & ^! 9 answ] confess ! ,*ur*'s fai? 9 ! *ild's /ead1 :o is aggregat$ to ?is fai? by ! sacram5t ( fai?4 ,& ! *ild acquires a good consci5ce 9 himself1 n inde$ z to ! act1 b z to ! habit1 by sanctify+ grace4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ,*ildr5 ( ,jews or ,o!r ,unbeliev]s ,%\ld ,be ,baptiz$ ,aga9/ ! ,w ( ,_! ,p>5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t *ildr5 ( ,jews or o!r unbeliev]s %\ld be baptiz$ aga9/ ! w ( _! p>5ts4 ,= x is a matt] ( great] urg5cy to rescue a man f ! dang] ( et]nal dea? ?an f ! dang] ( temporal dea?4 ,b "o ought to rescue a *ild t is ?reat5$ by ! dang] ( temporal dea?1 ev5 if its p>5ts ?r\gh malice try to prev5t its be+ rescu$4 ,!re=e mu* m reason is !re = rescu+ ! *ildr5 ( unbeliev]s f ! dang] ( et]nal dea?1 ev5 aga9/ _! p>5ts' w4 ,obj4 #b3 ,! *ildr5 ( slaves are !mselves slaves1 & 9 ! p[] ( _! ma/]s4 ,b ,jews & all o!r unbeliev]s are ! slaves ( k+s & rul]s4 ,!re=e )\t any inju/ice rul]s c h ! *ildr5 ( ,jews baptiz$1 z well z ^? ( o!r slaves :o are unbeliev]s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 e man belongs m to ,god1 f ,:om he has 8 s\l1 ?an to 8 c>nal fa!r1 f :om he has 8 body4 ,!re=e x is n unju/ if ! *ildr5 ( unbeliev]s are tak5 away f _! c>nal p>5ts1 & consecrat$ to ,god by ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 9 ! ,decretals 7,di/4 xlv71 quot+ ! c\ncil ( ,tol$o3 ,9 reg>d to ! ,jews ! holy synod comm&s t h5ce=w>d none ( !m be =c$ to believe3 = su* are n to be sav$ aga9/ _! w1 b will+ly1 t _! righte\sness may be )\t flaw4 ,i answ] t1 ,! *ildr5 ( unbeliev]s ei!r h ! use ( reason or !y h n4 ,if !y h1 !n !y already beg9 to control _! own actions1 9 ?+s t are ( ,div9e or natural law4 ,& !re=e ( _! own accord1 & aga9/ ! w ( _! p>5ts1 !y c receive ,baptism1 j z !y c contract m>riage4 ,consequ5tly su* c lawfully be advis$ & p]suad$ to be baptiz$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y h n yet ! use ( free-w1 accord+ to ! natural law !y are "u ! c>e ( _! p>5ts z long z !y _c look aft] !mselves4 ,= :i* reason we say t ev5 ! *ildr5 ( ! anci5ts 7 sav$ ?r\gh ! fai? ( _! p>5ts4 ,:]e=e x w\ld be contr>y to natural ju/ice if su* *ildr5 7 baptiz$ aga9/ _! p>5ts' w2 j z x w\ld be if "o hav+ ! use ( reason 7 baptiz$ aga9/ 8 w4 ,moreov] "u ! circum/ances x w\ld be dang]\s to baptize ! *ildr5 ( unbeliev]s2 = !y w\ld be liable to lapse into unbelief1 by reason ( _! natural affection = _! p>5ts4 ,!re=e x is n ! cu/om ( ! ,*ur* to baptize ! *ildr5 ( unbeliev]s aga9/ _! p>5ts' w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is n "r to rescue a man f dea? ( ! body aga9/ ! ord] ( civil law3 = in/ance1 if a man be condemn$ to dea? by ! judge :o has tri$ him1 none %\ld use =ce 9 ord] to rescue him f dea?4 ,consequ5tly1 nei!r %\ld anyone infr+e ! ord] ( ! natural law1 9 virtue ( :i* a *ild is "u ! c>e ( its fa!r1 9 ord] to rescue x f ! dang] ( et]nal dea?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,jews are slaves ( rul]s by civil slav]y1 :i* does n exclude ! ord] ( ! natural & ,div9e law4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,man is orda9$ unto ,god ?r\gh 8 reason1 by :i* he c "k ,god4 ,:]e=e a *ild1 be=e x has ! use ( reason1 is orda9$ to ,god1 by a natural ord]1 ?r\gh ! reason ( its p>5ts1 "u ^: c>e x naturally lies1 & x is accord+ to _! ord]+ t ?+s p]ta9+ to ,god are to be done 9 respect ( ! *ild4 ,,elev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #aa ,:e!r a ,*ild ,c ,be ,baptiz$ ,:ile ,yet 9 ,its ,"m's ,womb8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a *ild c be baptiz$ :ile yet 9 its "m's womb4 ,= ! gift ( ,*ri/ is m efficaci\s unto salvation ?an ,adam's s9 unto condemnation1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ae74 ,b a *ild :ile yet 9 its "m's womb is "u s5t5ce ( condemnation on acc\nt ( ,adam's s94 ,= mu* m reason1 !re=e1 c x be sav$ ?r\gh ! gift ( ,*ri/1 :i* is be/[$ by means ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e a *ild c be baptiz$ :ile yet 9 its "m's womb4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a *ild1 :ile yet 9 its "m's womb1 seems to be "p ( its "m4 ,n[1 :5 ! "m is baptiz$1 :atev] is 9 h] & "p ( h]1 is baptiz$4 ,!re=e x seems t :5 ! "m is baptiz$1 ! *ild 9 h] womb is baptiz$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 et]nal dea? is a great] evil ?an dea? ( ! body4 ,b ( two evils ! less %\ld be *os54 ,if1 !re=e1 ! *ild 9 ! "m's womb _c be baptiz$1 x w\ld be bett] = ! "m to be op5$1 & ! *ild to be tak5 out by =ce & baptiz$1 ?an t ! *ild %\ld be et]nally damn$ ?r\gh dy+ )\t ,baptism4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x happ5s at times t "s "p ( ! *ild comes =? fir/1 z we read 9 ,g54 #ch3bg3 ,9 ! v deliv]y ( ! infants1 "o put =? a h&1 :]eon ! midwife ti$ a sc>let ?read1 say+3 ,?is %all come =? ! fir/4 ,b he draw+ back 8 h&1 ! o!r came =?4 ,n[ sometimes 9 su* cases !re is dang] ( dea?4 ,!re=e x seems t t "p %\ld be baptiz$1 :ile ! *ild is yet 9 its "m's womb4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 ad ,d>dan473 ,no "o c be born a second "t unless he be born fir/4 ,b ,baptism is a spiritual reg5]ation4 ,!re=e no "o %\ld be baptiz$ be=e he is born f ! womb4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is ess5tial to ,baptism t "s "p ( ! body ( ! p]son baptiz$ be 9 "s way wa%$ ) wat]1 s9ce ,baptism is a k9d ( wa%+1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #a74 ,b an infant's body1 be=e be+ born f ! womb1 c n[ise be wa%$ ) wat]2 unless p]*ance x be said t ! baptismal wat]1 ) :i* ! "m's body is wa%$1 rea*es ! *ild :ile yet 9 its "m's womb4 ,b ?is is impossible3 bo? because ! *ild's s\l1 to ! sanctification ( :i* ,baptism is orda9$1 is di/9ct f ! s\l ( ! "m2 & because ! body ( ! animat$ infant is already =m$1 & consequ5tly di/9ct f ! body ( ! "m4 ,!re=e ! ,baptism :i* ! "m receives does n ov]fl[ on to ! *ild :i* is 9 h] womb4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,cont4 ,julian4 vi73 ,if :at is conceiv$ )9 a "m belong$ to h] body1 s z to be consid]$ a "p !re(1 we %\ld n baptize an infant ^: "m1 ?r\gh dang] ( dea?1 0 baptiz$ :ile %e bore x 9 h] womb4 ,s9ce1 !n1 x1 i4e4 ! infant1 is baptiz$1 x c]ta9ly did n belong to ! "m's body :ile x 0 9 ! womb4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t a *ild c n[ise be baptiz$ :ile 9 its "m's womb4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ildr5 :ile 9 ! "m's womb h n yet come =? into ! _w to live among o!r m54 ,consequ5tly !y _c be subject to ! action ( man1 s z to receive ! sacram5t1 at ! h&s ( man1 unto salvation4 ,!y c1 h[ev]1 be subject to ! action ( ,god1 9 ,^: sight !y live1 s z1 by a k9d ( privilege1 to receive ! grace ( sanctification2 z 0 ! case ) ^? :o 7 sanctifi$ 9 ! womb4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,an int]nal memb] ( ! "m is some?+ ( h]s by cont9uity & mat]ial union ( ! "p ) ! :ole3 :]eas a *ild :ile 9 its "m's womb is some?+ ( h]s ?r\gh be+ jo9$ )1 & yet di/9ct f h]4 ,:]e=e !re is no comp>ison4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,we %\ld n d evil t !re may come good 7,rom4 #c3h74 ,!re=e x is wrong to kill a "m t h] *ild may be baptiz$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! "m die :ile ! *ild lives yet 9 h] womb1 %e %\ld be op5$ t ! *ild may be baptiz$4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,unless dea? be imm95t1 we %\ld wait until ! *ild has entirely come =? f ! womb be=e baptiz+ x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! head1 :]e9 ! s5ses are root$1 appe> fir/1 x %\ld be baptiz$1 9 cases ( dang]3 nor %\ld x be baptiz$ aga91 if p]fect bir? %\ld ensue4 ,& seem+ly ! same %\ld be done 9 cases ( dang] no matt] :at "p ( ! body appe> fir/4 ,b z none ( ! ext]ior p>ts ( ! body belong to its integrity 9 ! same degree z ! head1 "s hold t s9ce ! matt] is d\btful1 :5ev] any o!r "p ( ! body has be5 baptiz$1 ! *ild1 :5 p]fect bir? has tak5 place1 %\ld be baptiz$ ) ! =m3 ,if ?\ art n baptiz$1 ,i baptize !e1 etc4 ,,twelf? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fh1 ,art4 #ab ,:e!r ,madm5 & ,imbeciles ,%\ld ,be ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t madm5 & imbeciles %\ld n be baptiz$4 ,= 9 ord] to receive ,baptism1 ! p]son baptiz$ mu/ h ! int5tion1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #g74 ,b s9ce madm5 & imbeciles lack ! use ( reason1 !y c h b a disord]ly int5tion4 ,!re=e !y %\ld n be baptiz$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 man excels irrational animals 9 t he has reason4 ,b madm5 & imbeciles lack ! use ( reason1 inde$ 9 "s cases we d n expect !m ev] to h x1 z we d 9 ! case ( *ildr54 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t j z irrational animals are n baptiz$1 s nei!r %\ld madm5 & imbeciles 9 ^? cases be baptiz$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! use ( reason is susp5d$ 9 madm5 & imbeciles m ?an x is 9 "o :o sleeps4 ,b x is n cu/om>y to baptize p :ile !y sleep4 ,!re=e x %\ld n be giv5 to madm5 & imbeciles4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,confess4 iv7 ( 8 fri5d t he 0 baptiz$ :5 8 recov]y 0 despair$ (3 & yet ,baptism 0 efficaci\s ) him4 ,!re=e ,baptism %\ld sometimes be giv5 to ^? :o lack ! use ( reason4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! matt] ( madm5 & imbeciles a di/9ction is to be made4 ,= "s are s f bir?1 & h no lucid int]vals1 & %[ no signs ( ! use ( reason4 ,& ) reg>d to ^! x seems t we %\ld come to ! same decision z ) reg>d to *ildr5 :o are baptiz$ 9 ! ,fai? ( ! ,*ur*1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #i1 ad #b74 ,b !re are o!rs :o h fall5 f a /ate ( sanity into a /ate ( insanity4 ,& ) reg>d to ^! we mu/ be guid$ by _! wi%es z express$ by !m :5 sane3 s t1 if !n !y manife/$ a desire to receive ,baptism1 x %\ld be giv5 to !m :5 9 a /ate ( madness or imbecility1 ev5 ?\gh !n !y refuse4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 :ile sane !y %[$ no desire to receive ,baptism1 !y mu/ n be baptiz$4 ,aga91 !re are "s :o1 ?\gh mad or imbecile f bir?1 h1 nev]!less1 lucid int]vals1 9 :i* !y c make "r use ( reason4 ,:]e=e1 if !n !y express a desire = ,baptism1 !y c be baptiz$ ?\gh !y be actually 9 a /ate ( madness4 ,& 9 ?is case ! sacram5t %\ld be be/[$ on !m if !re be fe> ( dang] o!rwise x is bett] to wait until ! "t :5 !y are sane1 s t !y may receive ! sacram5t m dev\tly4 ,b if dur+ ! int]val ( lucidity !y manife/ no desire to receive ,baptism1 !y %\ld n be baptiz$ :ile 9 a /ate ( insanity4 ,la/ly !re are o!rs :o1 ?\gh n altoge!r sane1 yet c use _! reason s f> z to ?9k ab\t _! salvation1 & und]/& ! p[] ( ! sacram5t4 ,& ^! are to be treat$ ! same z ^? :o are sane1 & :o are baptiz$ if !y be will+1 b n aga9/ _! w4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,imbeciles :o nev] _h1 & h n n[1 ! use ( reason1 are baptiz$1 accord+ to ! ,*ur*'s int5tion1 j z accord+ to ! ,*ur*'s ritual1 !y believe & rep5t2 z we h /at$ above ( *ildr5 7,a4 #i1 ad ,obj474 ,b ^? :o h _h ! use ( reason at "s "t1 or h n[1 are baptiz$ accord+ to _! own int5tion1 :i* !y h n[1 or _h :5 !y 7 sane4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,madm5 & imbeciles lack ! use ( reason accid5tally1 i4e4 ?r\gh "s imp$im5t 9 a bodily organ2 b n l irrational animals ?r\gh want ( a rational s\l4 ,consequ5tly ! comp>ison does n hold4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a p]son %\ld n be baptiz$ :ile asleep1 except he be ?reat5$ ) ! dang] ( dea?4 ,9 :i* case he %\ld be baptiz$1 if previ\sly he has manife/$ a desire to receive ,baptism1 z we h /at$ 9 ref]5ce to imbeciles3 ?us ,augu/9e relates ( 8 fri5d t he 0 baptiz$ :ile unconsci\s1 because he 0 9 dang] ( dea? 7,confess4 iv74 ,,"q #fi ,,( ,,! ,,effects ,,( ,,baptism 7,9 ,t5 ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! effects ( ,baptism1 conc]n+ :i* !re are t5 po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r all s9s are tak5 away by ,baptism8 7#b7 ,:e!r man is fre$ f all puni%m5t by ,baptism8 7#c7 ,:e!r ,baptism takes away ! p5alties ( s9 t belong to ?is life8 7#d7 ,:e!r grace & virtues are be/[$ on man by ,baptism8 7#e7 ,( ! effects ( virtue :i* are conf]r$ by ,baptism8 7#f7 ,:e!r ev5 *ildr5 receive grace & virtues 9 ,baptism8 7#g7 ,:e!r ,baptism op5s ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom to ^? :o are baptiz$8 7#h7 ,:e!r ,baptism produces an equal effect 9 all :o are baptiz$8 7#i7 ,:e!r ins9c]ity h9d]s ! effect ( ,baptism8 7#aj7 ,:e!r ,baptism takes effect :5 ! ins9c]ity ceases8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,all ,s9s ,are ,tak5 ,away by ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t n all s9s are tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,= ,baptism is a spiritual reg5]ation1 :i* corresponds to c>nal g5]ation4 ,b by c>nal g5]ation man contracts none b orig9al s94 ,!re=e none b orig9al s9 is tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,p5ance is a suffici5t cause ( ! remission ( actual s9s4 ,b p5ance is requir$ 9 adults be=e ,baptism1 accord+ to ,acts #b3ch3 ,d p5ance & be baptiz$ e "o ( y4 ,!re=e ,baptism has no?+ to d ) ! remission ( actual s9s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 v>i\s diseases dem& v>i\s rem$ies3 because z ,j]ome says on ,mk4 #i3bg1 #bh3 ,:at is a cure = ! heel is no cure = ! eye4 ,b orig9al s91 :i* is tak5 away by ,baptism1 is g5]ically di/9ct f actual s94 ,!re=e n all s9s are tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eze*4 #cf3be73 ,i w p\r ^u y clean wat]1 & y %all be cleans$ f all y\r fil?9ess4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #f3c71 all we1 :o are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 are baptiz$ 9 ,8 dea?4 ,& fur!r on he concludes 7,rom4 #f3aa73 ,s d y also reckon t y are dead to s91 b alive unto ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l4 ,h5ce x is cle> t by ,baptism man dies unto ! oldness ( s91 & beg9s to live unto ! newness ( grace4 ,b e s9 belongs to ! primitive oldness4 ,consequ5tly e s9 is tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ae1 #af71 ! s9 ( ,adam 0 n s f>-rea*+ z ! gift ( ,*ri/1 :i* is be/[$ 9 ,baptism3 = judgm5t 0 by "o unto condemnation2 b grace is ( _m (f5ses1 unto ju/ification4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ,infant ,baptism 7,de ,pecc4 ,m]it4 et ,remiss4 i71 t 9 c>nal g5]ation1 orig9al s9 alone is contract$2 b :5 we are born aga9 ( ! ,_s1 n only orig9al s9 b also wilful s9 is =giv54 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,no s9 c be =giv5 save by ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion3 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #i3bb7 t )\t %$d+ ( blood !re is no remission4 ,consequ5tly no movem5t ( ! human w suffices = ! remission ( s91 unless !re be fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 & ! purpose ( p>ticipat+ 9 x1 ei!r by receiv+ ,baptism1 or by submitt+ to ! keys ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!re=e :5 an adult approa*es ,baptism1 he does inde$ receive ! =giv5ess ( all 8 s9s ?r\gh 8 purpose ( be+ baptiz$1 b m p]fectly ?r\gh ! actual reception ( ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is argum5t is true ( special rem$ies4 ,b ,baptism op]ates by ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* is ! univ]sal rem$y = all s9s2 & s by ,baptism all s9s are loos$4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,man ,is ,fre$ by ,baptism f ,all ,debt ( ,puni%m5t ,due to ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t man is n fre$ by ,baptism f all debt ( puni%m5t due to s94 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #ac3a73 ,^? ?+s t are ( ,god are well ord]$ ,vulg43 ',^? t are1 are orda9$ ( ,god'4 ,b guilt is n set 9 ord] save by puni%m5t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 cxl74 ,!re=e ,baptism does n take away ! debt ( puni%m5t due to s9s already committ$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! effect ( a sacram5t has a c]ta9 lik5ess to ! sacram5t itself2 s9ce ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law effect :at !y signify1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a74 ,b ! wa%+ ( ,baptism has inde$ a c]ta9 lik5ess ) ! cleans+ f ! /a9 ( s91 b none1 seem+ly1 ) ! remission ( ! debt ( puni%m5t4 ,!re=e ! debt ( puni%m5t is n tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :5 ! debt ( puni%m5t has be5 remitt$1 a man no long] des]ves to be puni%$1 & s x w\ld be unju/ to puni% him4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! debt ( puni%m5t be remitt$ by ,baptism1 x w\ld be unju/1 aft] ,baptism1 to hang a ?ief :o _h committ$ murd] be=e4 ,consequ5tly ! sev]ity ( human legislation w\ld be relax$ on acc\nt ( ,baptism2 :i* is undesirable4 ,!re=e ,baptism does n remit ! debt ( puni%m5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose1 comm5t+ on ,rom4 #aa3bi1 ,! gifts & ! call+ ( ,god ate )\t rep5tance1 says3 ,! grace ( ,god 9 ,baptism remits all1 gratis4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #di1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b2 ,q4 #fh1 ,,aa4 #a1 #d1 #e7 by ,baptism a man is incorporat$ 9 ! ,passion & dea? ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3h3 ,if we be dead ) ,*ri/1 we believe t we %all live also toge!r ) ,*ri/4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ! ,passion ( ,*ri/ is communicat$ to e baptiz$ p]son1 s t he is heal$ j z if he himself _h suff]$ & di$4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s ,passion1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #e71 is a suffici5t satisfaction = all ! s9s ( all m54 ,consequ5tly he :o is baptiz$1 is fre$ f ! debt ( all puni%m5t due to him = 8 s9s1 j z if he himself _h (f]$ suffici5t satisfaction = all 8 s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9ce ! pa9s ( ,*ri/'s ,passion are communicat$ to ! p]son baptiz$1 inasmu* z he is made a memb] ( ,*ri/1 j z if he himself _h borne ^? pa9s1 8 s9s are set 9 ord] by ! pa9s ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,wat] n only cleanses b also refre%es4 ,& ?us by refre%+ x signifies ! remission ( ! debt ( puni%m5t1 j z by cleans+ x signifies ! wa%+ away ( guilt4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 puni%m5ts inflict$ by a human tribunal1 we h to consid] n only :at puni%m5t a man des]ves 9 respect ( ,god1 b also to :at ext5t he is indebt$ to m5 :o are hurt & sc&aliz$ by ano!r's s94 ,consequ5tly1 al?\gh a murd]] is fre$ by ,baptism f 8 debt ( puni%m5t 9 respect ( ,god1 he rema9s1 nev]!less1 9 debt to m52 & x is "r t !y %\ld be edifi$ at 8 puni%m5t1 s9ce !y 7 sc&aliz$ at 8 s94 ,b ! sov]eign may remit ! p5alty to su* l out ( k9dness4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,baptism ,%\ld ,take ,away ! ,p5alties ( ,s9 ,t ,belong to ,?is ,life8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,baptism %\ld take away ! p5alties ( s9 t belong to ?is life4 ,= z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ae71 ! gift ( ,*ri/ is f>!r-rea*+ ?an ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,b ?r\gh ,adam's s91 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ab71 dea? ent]$ into ?is _w1 &1 consequ5tly1 all ! o!r p5alties ( ! pres5t life4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 %\ld man be fre$ f ! p5alties ( ! pres5t life1 by ! gift ( ,*ri/ :i* is receiv$ 9 ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism takes away ! guilt ( bo? orig9al & actual s94 ,n[ x takes away ! guilt ( actual s9 9 su* a way z to free man f all debt ( puni%m5t result+ !refrom4 ,!re=e x also frees man f ! p5alties ( ! pres5t life1 :i* are a puni%m5t ( orig9al s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if ! cause be remov$1 ! effect is remov$4 ,b ! cause ( ^! p5alties is orig9al s91 :i* is tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,!re=e su* l p5alties %\ld n rema94 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,rom4 #f3f1 t ! body ( s9 may be de/roy$1 a gloss says3 ,! effect ( ,baptism is t ! old man is crucifi$1 & ! body ( s9 de/roy$1 n z ?\gh ! liv+ fle% ( man 7 deliv]$ by ! de/ruction ( t concupisc5ce ) :i* x has be5 bespatt]$ f its bir?2 b t x may n hurt him1 :5 dead1 ?\gh x 0 9 him :5 he 0 born4 ,!re=e = ! same reason nei!r are ! o!r p5alties tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,baptism has ! p[] to take away ! p5alties ( ! pres5t life yet x does n take !m away dur+ ! pres5t life1 b by its p[] !y w be tak5 away f ! j 9 ! resurrection :5 ?is mortal ha? put on immortality 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ed74 ,& ?is is reasonable4 ,fir/1 because1 by ,baptism1 man is incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/1 & is made ,8 memb]1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c2 ,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #e74 ,consequ5tly x is fitt+ t :at takes place 9 ! ,head %\ld take place also 9 ! memb] incorporat$4 ,n[1 f ! v beg9n+ ( ,8 conception ,*ri/ 0 full ( grace & tru?1 yet ,he _h a passible body1 :i* ?r\gh ,8 ,passion & dea? 0 rais$ up to a life ( glory4 ,:]e=e a ,*ri/ian receives grace 9 ,baptism1 z to 8 s\l2 b he reta9s a passible body1 s t he may suff] = ,*ri/ !re93 yet at l5g? he w be rais$ up to a life ( impassibility4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #h3aa73 ,he t rais$ up ,jesus ,*ri/ f ! dead1 %all quick5 also our ,vulg43 'y\r' mortal bodies1 because ( ,8 ,_s t dwelle? 9 u ,vulg43 'y'3 & fur!r on 9 ! same *apt] 7,rom4 #h3ag73 ,heirs inde$ ( ,god1 & jo9t heirs ) ,*ri/3 yet s1 if we suff] ) ,him1 t we may be also glorifi$ ) ,him4 ,secondly1 ?is is suitable = our spiritual tra9+3 namely1 9 ord] t1 by fight+ aga9/ concupisc5ce & o!r defects to :i* he is subject1 man may receive ! cr[n ( victory4 ,:]e=e on ,rom4 #f3f1 t ! body ( s9 may be de/roy$1 a gloss says3 ,if a man aft] ,baptism live 9 ! fle%1 he has concupisc5ce to fight aga9/1 & to conqu] by ,god's help4 ,9 sign ( :i* x is writt5 7,judges #c3a1 #b73 ,^! are ! nations :i* ! ,"l left1 t by !m ,he might in/ruct ,israel 4 4 4 t aft]w>ds _! *ildr5 might le>n to fight ) _! enemies1 & to be tra9$ up to w>4 ,?irdly1 ?is 0 suitable1 le/ m5 might seek to be baptiz$ = ! sake ( impassibility 9 ! pres5t life1 & n = ! sake ( ! glory ( life et]nal4 ,:]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ai73 ,if 9 ?is life only we h hope 9 ,*ri/1 we are ( all m5 mo/ mis]able4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z a gloss says on ,rom4 #f3f1 t we may s]ve s9 no long]--,l a man :o1 hav+ captur$ a r$\btable enemy1 slays him n =?)1 b suff]s him to live = a little "t 9 %ame & suff]+2 s did ,*ri/ fir/ ( all fett] our puni%m5t1 b at a future "t ,he w de/roy x4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ! gloss says on ! same passage 7cf4 ad #a71 ! puni%m5t ( s9 is tw(old1 ! puni%m5t ( hell1 & temporal puni%m5t4 ,*ri/ entirely aboli%$ ! puni%m5t ( hell1 s t ^? :o are baptiz$ & truly rep5t1 %\ld n be subject to x4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 altoge!r aboli% temporal puni%m5t yet a:ile2 = hung]1 ?ir/1 & dea? /ill rema94 ,b ,he ov]?rew its k+dom & p[] 9 ! s5se t man %\ld no long] be 9 fe> ( !m3 & at l5g? ,he w altoge!r ext]m9ate x at ! la/ day4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z we /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #hb1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b71 orig9al s9 spread 9 ?is way1 t at fir/ ! p]son infect$ ! nature1 & aft]w>ds ! nature infect$ ! p]son4 ,:]eas ,*ri/ 9 rev]se ord] at fir/ repairs :at reg>ds ! p]son1 & aft]w>ds w simultane\sly repair :at p]ta9s to ! nature 9 all m54 ,consequ5tly by ,baptism ,he takes away f man =?) ! guilt ( orig9al s9 & ! puni%m5t ( be+ depriv$ ( ! heav5ly vision4 ,b ! p5alties ( ! pres5t life1 su* z dea?1 hung]1 ?ir/1 & ! l1 p]ta9 to ! nature1 f ! pr9ciples ( :i* !y arise1 inasmu* z x is depriv$ ( orig9al ju/ice4 ,!re=e ^! defects w n be tak5 away until ! ultimate re/oration ( nature ?r\gh ! glori\s resurrection4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,grace & ,virtues ,are ,be/[$ on ,man by ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t grace & virtues are n be/[$ on man by ,baptism4 ,because1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a71 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law effect :at !y signify4 ,b ! baptismal cleans+ signifies ! cleans+ ( ! s\l f guilt1 & n ! fa%ion+ ( ! s\l ) grace & virtues4 ,!re=e x seems t grace & virtues are n be/[$ on man by ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 "o does n ne$ to receive :at "o has already acquir$4 ,b "s approa* ,baptism :o h already grace & virtues3 ?us we read 7,acts #aj3a1 #b73 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 man 9 ,ces>ea1 nam$ ,cornelius1 a c5turion ( t :i* is call$ ! ,italian b&1 a religi\s man & fe>+ ,god2 :o1 nev]!less1 0 aft]w>ds baptiz$ by ,pet]4 ,!re=e grace & virtues are n be/[$ by ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 virtue is a habit3 :i* is def9$ z a quality n easily remov$1 by :i* "o may act easily & pleasurably4 ,b aft] ,baptism man reta9s pron5ess to evil :i* removes virtue2 & exp]i5ces difficulty 9 do+ good1 9 :i* ! act ( virtue consi/s4 ,!re=e man does n acquire grace & virtue 9 ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,titus #c3e1 #f73 ,he sav$ u by ! lav] ( reg5]ation1 i4e4 by ,baptism1 & r5ovation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:om ,he ha? p\r$ =? ^u u abundantly1 i4e4 unto ! remission ( s9s & ! fulness ( virtues1 z a gloss exp\nds4 ,!re=e ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & ! fulness ( virtues are giv5 9 ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 ! book on ,infant ,baptism 7,de ,pecc4 ,m]it4 et ,remiss4 i7 ! effect ( ,baptism is t ! baptiz$ are incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/ z ,8 memb]s4 ,n[ ! fulness ( grace & virtues fl[s f ,*ri/ ! ,head to all ,8 memb]s1 accord+ to ,john #a3af3 ,( ,8 fulness we all h receiv$4 ,h5ce x is cle> t man receives grace & virtues 9 ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ! baptismal wat] by its cleans+ signifies ! wa%+ away ( guilt1 & by its refre%m5t ! remission ( puni%m5t1 s by its natural cle>ness x signifies ! spl5dor ( grace & virtues4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b2 ,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #b7 man receives ! =giv5ess ( s9s be=e ,baptism 9 s f> z he has ,baptism ( desire1 explicitly or implicitly2 & yet :5 he actually receives ,baptism1 he receives a full] remission1 z to ! remission ( ! entire puni%m5t4 ,s also be=e ,baptism ,cornelius & o!rs l him receive grace & virtues ?r\gh _! fai? 9 ,*ri/ & _! desire = ,baptism1 implicit or explicit3 b aft]w>ds :5 baptiz$1 !y receive a yet great] fulness ( grace & virtues4 ,h5ce 9 ,ps4 #bb3b1 ,he ha? br\ght me up on ! wat] ( refre%m5t1 a gloss says3 ,he has br\ght u up by an increase ( virtue & good de$s 9 ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,difficulty 9 do+ good & pron5ess to evil are 9 ! baptiz$1 n ?r\gh _! lack+ ! habits ( ! virtues1 b ?r\gh concupisc5ce :i* is n tak5 away 9 ,baptism4 ,b j z concupisc5ce is dim9i%$ by ,baptism1 s z n to enslave u1 s also are bo? ! a=esaid defects dim9i%$1 s t man be n ov]come by !m4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,c]ta9 ,acts ( ! ,virtues ,are ,fitt+ly ,set ,d[n ,z ,effects ( ,baptism1 to ,wit--,incorporation 9 ,*ri/1 ,enlight5m5t1 & ,fruitfulness8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t c]ta9 acts ( ! virtues are unfitt+ly set d[n z effects ( ,baptism1 to wit--incorporation 9 ,*ri/1 enlight5m5t1 & fruitfulness4 ,= ,baptism is n giv5 to an adult1 except he believe2 accord+ to ,mk4 #af3af3 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$1 %all be sav$4 ,b x is by fai? t man is incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,eph4 #c3ag3 ,t ,*ri/ may dwell by fai? 9 y\r he>ts4 ,!re=e no "o is baptiz$ except he be already incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e incorporation ) ,*ri/ is n ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 enlight5m5t is caus$ by tea*+1 accord+ to ,eph4 #c3h1 #i3 ,to me ! lea/ ( all ! sa9ts1 is giv5 ?is grace 4 4 4 to enlight5 all m51 etc4 ,b tea*+ by ! cate*ism prec$es ,baptism4 ,!re=e x is n ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 fruitfulness p]ta9s to active g5]ation4 ,b a man is reg5]at$ spiritually by ,baptism4 ,!re=e fruitfulness is n an effect ( ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 ! book on ,infant ,baptism 7,de ,pecc4 ,m]it4 et ,remiss4 i7 t ! effect ( ,baptism is t ! baptiz$ are incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,& ,dionysius 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii7 ascribes enlight5m5t to ,baptism4 ,& on ,ps4 #bb3b1 ,he ha? br\ght me up on ! wat] ( refre%m5t1 a gloss says t ! s9n]'s s\l1 /]iliz$ by dr\ght1 is made fruitful by ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,by ,baptism man is born aga9 unto ! spiritual life1 :i* is prop] to ! fai?ful ( ,*ri/1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,gal4 #b3bj73 ,& t ,i live n[ 9 ! fle%2 ,i live 9 ! fai? ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,n[ life is only 9 ^? memb]s t are unit$ to ! head1 f :i* !y d]ive s5se & movem5t4 ,& !re=e x foll[s ( necessity t by ,baptism man is incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/1 z "o ( ,8 memb]s4 ,aga91 j z ! memb]s d]ive s5se & movem5t f ! mat]ial head1 s f _! spiritual ,head1 i4e4 ,*ri/1 d ,8 memb]s d]ive spiritual s5se consi/+ 9 ! k ( tru?1 & spiritual movem5t :i* results f ! in/9ct ( grace4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,john #a3ad1 #af73 ,we h se5 ,him 4 4 4 full ( grace & tru?2 & ( ,8 fulness we all h receiv$4 ,& x foll[s f ?is t ! baptiz$ are enlight5$ by ,*ri/ z to ! k ( tru?1 & made fruitful by ,him ) ! fruitfulness ( good works by ! infusion ( grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,adults :o already believe 9 ,*ri/ are incorporat$ 9 ,him m5tally4 ,b aft]w>ds1 :5 !y are baptiz$1 !y are incorporat$ 9 ,him1 corporally1 z x 71 i4e4 by ! visible sacram5t2 )\t ! desire ( :i* !y c\ld n h be5 incorporat$ 9 ,him ev5 m5tally4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! tea*] enlight5s outw>dly & m9i/]ially by cate*iz+3 b ,god enlight5s ! baptiz$ inw>dly1 by prep>+ _! he>ts = ! reception ( ! doctr9es ( tru?1 accord+ to ,john #f3de3 ,x is writt5 9 ! prophets 4 4 4 ,!y %all all be taught ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! fruitfulness :i* ,i ascrib$ z an effect ( ,baptism is t by :i* man br+s =? good works2 n t by :i* he begets o!rs 9 ,*ri/1 z ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #d3ae73 ,9 ,*ri/ ,jesus by ! ,gospel ,i h begott5 y4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ildr5 ,receive ,grace & ,virtue 9 ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t *ildr5 d n receive grace & virtues 9 ,baptism4 ,= grace & virtues are n possess$ )\t fai? & *>ity4 ,b fai?1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 xcviii71 dep5ds on ! w ( ! believ]3 & 9 l mann] *>ity dep5ds on ! w ( ! lov]4 ,n[ *ildr5 h n ! use ( ! w1 & consequ5tly !y h nei!r fai? nor *>ity4 ,!re=e *ildr5 d n receive grace & virtues 9 ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 on ,john #ad3ab1 ,great] ?an ^! %all he d1 ,augu/9e says t 9 ord] = ! ungodly to be made righte\s ,*ri/ worke? 9 him1 b n )\t him4 ,b a *ild1 ?r\gh n hav+ ! use ( free-w1 does n co-op]ate ) ,*ri/ unto its ju/ification3 inde$ at times x does its be/ to resi/4 ,!re=e x is n ju/ifi$ by grace & virtues4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,rom4 #d3e73 ,to him t worke? n1 yet believ+ 9 ,him t ju/ifie? ! ungodly1 8 fai? is reput$ to ju/ice accord+ to ! purpose ( ! grace ( ,god4 ,b a *ild believe? n 9 ,him t ju/ifie? ! ungodly4 ,!re=e a *ild receives nei!r sanctify+ grace nor virtues4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 :at is done ) a c>nal int5tion does n seem to h a spiritual effect4 ,b sometimes *ildr5 are tak5 to ,baptism ) a c>nal int5tion1 to wit1 t _! bodies may be heal$4 ,!re=e !y d n receive ! spiritual effect consi/+ 9 grace & virtue4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,en*iridion lii73 ,:5 little *ildr5 are baptiz$1 !y die to t s9 :i* !y contract$ 9 bir?3 s t to !m also may be appli$ ! words3 ',we are buri$ toge!r ) ,him by ,baptism unto dea?'3 7& he cont9ues ?us7 't z ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead by ! glory ( ! ,fa!r1 s we also may walk 9 newness ( life4' ,n[ newness ( life is ?r\gh grace & virtues4 ,!re=e *ildr5 receive grace & virtues 9 ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s ( ! e>ly writ]s held t *ildr5 d n receive grace & virtues 9 ,baptism1 b t !y receive ! impr9t ( ! "* ( ,*ri/1 by ! p[] ( :i* !y receive grace & virtue :5 !y arrive at ! p]fect age4 ,b ?is is evid5tly false1 = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because *ildr51 l adults1 are made memb]s ( ,*ri/ 9 ,baptism2 h5ce !y mu/1 ( necessity1 receive an influx ( grace & virtues f ! ,head4 ,secondly1 because1 if ?is 7 true1 *ildr5 t die aft] ,baptism1 w\ld n come to et]nal life2 s9ce accord+ to ,rom4 #f3bc1 ! grace ( ,god is life ev]la/+4 ,& consequ5tly ,baptism w\ld n h pr(it$ !m unto salvation4 ,n[ ! s\rce ( _! error 0 t !y did n recognize ! di/9ction betwe5 habit & act4 ,& s1 see+ *ildr5 to be incapable ( acts ( virtue1 !y ?\ght t !y _h no virtues at all aft] ,baptism4 ,b ?is inability ( *ildr5 to act is n due to ! abs5ce ( habits1 b to an imp$im5t on ! "p ( ! body3 ?us also :5 a man is asleep1 ?\gh he may h ! habits ( virtue1 yet is he h9d]$ f virtu\s acts ?r\gh be+ asleep4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,fai? & *>ity dep5d on man's w1 yet s t ! habits ( ^! & o!r virtues require ! p[] ( ! w :i* is 9 *ildr52 :]eas acts ( virtue require an act ( ! w1 :i* is n 9 *ildr54 ,9 ?is s5se ,augu/9e says 9 ! book on ,infant ,baptism 7,ep4 xcviii73 ,! little *ild is made a believ]1 n z yet by t fai? :i* dep5ds on ! w ( ! believ]1 b by ! sacram5t ( fai? itself1 :i* causes ! habit ( fai?4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ,*>ity 7,ep4 ,joan4 ad ,p>?4 iii71 no man is born ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/ unwill+ly :i* is to be und]/ood n ( little *ildr5 b ( adults4 ,9 l mann] we are to und]/& z apply+ to adults1 t man )\t himself is n ju/ifi$ by ,*ri/4 ,moreov]1 if little *ildr5 :o are ab\t to be baptiz$ resi/ z mu* z !y c1 ?is is n imput$ to !m1 s9ce s little d !y "k :at !y d1 t !y seem n to d x at all3 z ,augu/9e says 9 a book on ! ,pres5ce ( ,god1 address$ to ,d>danus 7,ep4 clxxxvii74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,s]m4 clxxvi73 ,"m ,*ur* l5ds o!r feet to ! little *ildr5 t !y may come2 ano!r he>t t !y may believe2 ano!r tongue t !y may confess4 ,s t *ildr5 believe1 n by _! own act1 b by ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* is appli$ to !m3 by ! p[] ( :i* fai?1 grace & virtues are be/[$ on !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! c>nal int5tion ( ^? :o take *ildr5 to be baptiz$ does n hurt ! latt]1 z nei!r does "o's s9 hurt ano!r1 unless he cons5t4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 9 8 lett] to ,boniface 7,ep4 xcviii73 ,be n di/urb$ because "s br+ *ildr5 to be baptiz$1 n 9 ! hope t !y may be born aga9 to et]nal life by ! spiritual grace1 b because !y ?9k x to be a rem$y :]eby !y may pres]ve or recov] heal?4 ,= !y are n depriv$ ( reg5]ation1 ?r\gh n be+ br\ght = ?is int5tion4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,effect ( ,baptism ,is to ,op5 ! ,gates ( ! ,heav5ly ,k+dom8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t x is n ! effect ( ,baptism1 to op5 ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,= :at is already op5$ ne$s no op5+4 ,b ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom 7 op5$ by ,*ri/'s ,passion3 h5ce x is writt5 7,apoc4 #d3a73 ,aft] ^! ?+s ,i look$ & behold 7a great7 door 0 op5$ 9 heav54 ,!re=e x is n ! effect ( ,baptism1 to op5 ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism has _h its effects ev] s9ce x 0 in/itut$4 ,b "s 7 baptiz$ ) ,*ri/'s ,baptism1 be=e ,8 ,passion1 accord+ to ,john #c3bb1 #bf3 & if !y _h di$ !n1 ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom w\ld n h be5 op5$ to !m1 s9ce none ent]$ !re9 be=e ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,mic4 #b3ac3 ,he w5t up ,vulg43 '%all g up' t %all op5 ! way be=e !m4 ,!re=e x is n ! effect ( ,baptism1 to op5 ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! baptiz$ are /ill subject to dea? & ! o!r p5alties ( ! pres5t life1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,b entrance to ! heav5ly k+dom is op5$ to none t are subject to puni%m5t3 z is cle> 9 reg>d to ^? :o are 9 purgatory4 ,!re=e x is n ! effect ( ,baptism1 to op5 ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,luke #c3ba1 ,heav5 0 op5$1 ! gloss ( ,b$e says3 ,we see "h ! p[] ( ,baptism2 f :i* :5 a man comes =?1 ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom are op5$ unto him4 ,i answ] t1 ,to op5 ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom is to remove ! ob/acle t prev5ts "o f ent]+ !re94 ,n[ ?is ob/acle is guilt & ! debt ( puni%m5t4 ,b x has be5 %[n above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b7 t all guilt & also all debt ( puni%m5t are tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t ! effect ( ,baptism is to op5 ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,baptism op5s ! gates ( ! heav5ly k+dom to ! baptiz$ 9 s f> z x incorporates !m 9 ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 by apply+ its p[] to man4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:5 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 n z yet consummat$ actually b only 9 ! fai? ( believ]s1 ,baptism proportionately caus$ ! gates to be op5$1 n 9 fact b 9 hope4 ,= ! baptiz$ :o di$ !n look$ =w>d1 ) a sure hope1 to ent] ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! baptiz$ are subject to dea? & ! p5alties ( ! pres5t life1 n by reason ( a p]sonal debt ( puni%m5t b by reason ( ! /ate ( _! nature4 ,& !re=e ?is is no b> to _! entrance to ! heav5ly k+dom1 :5 dea? sev]s ! s\l f ! body2 s9ce !y h paid1 z x 71 ! debt ( nature4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,baptism ,has an ,equal ,effect 9 ,all8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,baptism has n an equal effect 9 all4 ,= ! effect ( ,baptism is to remove guilt4 ,b 9 "s x takes away m s9s ?an 9 o!rs2 = 9 *ildr5 x takes away only orig9al s9s1 :]eas 9 adults x takes away actual s9s1 9 "s _m1 9 o!rs few4 ,!re=e ,baptism has n an equal effect 9 all4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 grace & virtues are be/[$ on man by ,baptism4 ,b "s1 aft] ,baptism1 seem to h m grace & m p]fect virtue ?an o!rs :o h be5 baptiz$4 ,!re=e ,baptism has n an equal effect 9 all4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 nature is p]fect$ by grace1 z matt] by =m4 ,b a =m is receiv$ into matt] accord+ to its capacity4 ,!re=e1 s9ce "s ( ! baptiz$1 ev5 *ildr51 h great] capacity = natural gifts ?an o!rs h1 x seems t "s receive great] grace ?an o!rs4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 9 ,baptism "s receive n only spiritual1 b also bodily heal?2 ?us ,con/ant9e 0 cleans$ 9 ,baptism f leprosy4 ,b all ! infirm d n receive bodily heal? 9 ,baptism4 ,!re=e x has n an equal effect 9 all4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eph4 #d3e73 ,"o ,fai?1 "o ,baptism4 ,b a uni=m cause has a uni=m effect4 ,!re=e ,baptism has an equal effect 9 all4 ,i answ] t1 ,! effect ( ,baptism is tw(old1 ! ess5tial effect1 & ! accid5tal4 ,! ess5tial effect ( ,baptism is t = :i* ,baptism 0 in/itut$1 namely1 ! begett+ ( m5 unto spiritual life4 ,!re=e1 s9ce all *ildr5 are equally dispos$ to ,baptism1 because !y are baptiz$ n 9 _! own fai?1 b 9 t ( ! ,*ur*1 !y all receive an equal effect 9 ,baptism4 ,:]eas adults1 :o approa* ,baptism 9 _! own fai?1 are n equally dispos$ to ,baptism2 = "s approa* !reto ) great]1 "s ) less1 devotion4 ,& !re=e "s receive a great]1 "s a small] %>e ( ! grace ( newness2 j z f ! same fire1 he receives m heat :o approa*es ne>e/ to x1 al?\gh ! fire1 z f> z x is conc]n$1 s5ds =? its heat equally to all4 ,b ! accid5tal effect ( ,baptism1 is t to :i* ,baptism is n orda9$1 b :i* ! ,div9e p[] produces miracul\sly 9 ,baptism3 ?us on ,rom4 #f3f1 t we may s]ve s9 no long]1 a gloss says3 ?is is n be/[$ 9 ,baptism1 save by an ineffable miracle ( ! ,creator1 s t ! law ( s91 :i* is 9 our memb]s1 be absolutely de/roy$4 ,& su* l effects are n equally receiv$ by all ! baptiz$1 ev5 if !y approa* ) equal devotion3 b !y are be/[$ accord+ to ! ord]+ ( ,div9e provid5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! lea/ baptismal grace suffices to blot out all s9s4 ,:]e=e t 9 "s m s9s are loos$ ?an 9 o!rs is n due to ! great] efficacy ( ,baptism1 b to ! condition ( ! recipi5t3 = 9 ea* "o x looses :atev] x f9ds4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,t great] or less] grace appe>s 9 ! baptiz$1 may occur 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 because "o receives great] grace 9 ,baptism ?an ano!r1 on acc\nt ( 8 great] devotion1 z /at$ above4 ,secondly1 because1 ?\gh !y receive equal grace1 !y d n make an equal use ( x1 b "o applies himself m to advance !re91 :ile ano!r by 8 neglig5ce baffles grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! v>i\s degrees ( capacity 9 m5 arise1 n f a v>iety 9 ! m9d :i* is r5ew$ by ,baptism 7s9ce all m51 be+ ( "o species1 are ( "o =m71 b f ! div]sity ( bodies4 ,b x is o!rwise ) ! angels1 :o diff] 9 species4 ,& !re=e gratuit\s gifts are be/[$ on ! angels accord+ to _! div]se capacity = natural gifts1 b n on m54 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,bodily heal? is n ! ess5tial effect ( ,baptism1 b a miracul\s "w ( ,div9e provid5ce4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,ins9c]ity ,h9d]s ! ,effect ( ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ins9c]ity does n h9d] ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,gal4 #c3bg73 ,z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 h put on ,*ri/4 ,b all t receive ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 are baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,!re=e !y all put on ,*ri/3 & ?is is to receive ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,consequ5tly ins9c]ity does n h9d] ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,div9e p[] :i* c *ange man's w to t :i* is bett]1 works 9 ,baptism4 ,b ! effect ( ! effici5t cause _c be h9d]$ by t :i* c be remov$ by t cause4 ,!re=e ins9c]ity _c h9d] ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! effect ( ,baptism is grace1 to :i* s9 is 9 opposition4 ,b _m o!r s9s are m griev\s ?an ins9c]ity1 :i* are n said to h9d] ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e nei!r does ins9c]ity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,wis4 #a3e73 ,! ,holy ,_s ( discipl9e w flee f ! deceitful4 ,b ! effect ( ,baptism is f ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e ins9c]ity h9d]s ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 ii71 ,god does n compel man to be righte\s4 ,consequ5tly 9 ord] t a man be ju/ifi$ by ,baptism1 8 w mu/ ne$s embrace bo? ,baptism & ! baptismal effect4 ,n[1 a man is said to be ins9c]e by reason ( 8 w be+ 9 contradiction ) ei!r ,baptism or its effect4 ,=1 accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,de ,bapt4 cont4 ,donat4 vii71 a man is said to be ins9c]e1 9 f\r ways3 fir/1 because he does n believe1 :]eas ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( ,fai?2 secondly1 ?r\gh scorn+ ! sacram5t itself2 ?irdly1 ?r\gh obs]v+ a rite :i* diff]s f t prescrib$ by ! ,*ur* 9 conf]r+ ! sacram5t2 f\r?ly1 ?r\gh approa*+ ! sacram5t )\t devotion4 ,:]e=e x is manife/ t ins9c]ity h9d]s ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,to be baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/1 may be tak5 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 9 ,*ri/1 i4e4 9 con=mity ) ,*ri/4 ,& ?us :oev] is baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ s z to be con=m$ to ,him by ,fai? & ,*>ity1 puts on ,*ri/ by grace4 ,secondly1 a man is said to be baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/1 9 s f> z he receives ,*ri/'s sacram5t4 ,& ?us all put on ,*ri/1 ?r\gh be+ configur$ to ,him by ! "*1 b n ?r\gh be+ con=m$ to ,him by grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:5 ,god *anges man's w f evil to good1 man does n approa* ) ins9c]ity4 ,b ,god does n always d ?is4 ,nor is ?is ! purpose ( ! sacram5t1 t an ins9c]e man be made s9c]e2 b t he :o comes 9 s9c]ity1 be ju/ifi$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a man is said to be ins9c]e :o makes a %[ ( will+ :at he wills n4 ,n[ :oev] approa*es ,baptism1 by t v fact makes a %[ ( hav+ "r fai? 9 ,*ri/1 ( v5]ation = ?is sacram5t1 & ( wi%+ to con=m to ! ,*ur*1 & to r5\nce s94 ,consequ5tly1 to :atev] s9 a man wi%es to cleave1 if he approa* ,baptism1 he approa*es ins9c]ely1 :i* is ! same z to approa* )\t devotion4 ,b ?is mu/ be und]/ood ( mortal s91 :i* is 9 opposition to grace3 b n ( v5ial s94 ,consequ5tly1 "h ins9c]ity includes1 9 a way1 e s94 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #fi1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ,baptism ,produces ,its ,effect ,:5 ! ,ins9c]ity ,ceases8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,baptism does n produce its effect1 :5 ! ins9c]ity ceases4 ,= a dead "w1 :i* is void ( *>ity1 c nev] come to life4 ,b he :o approa*es ,baptism ins9c]ely1 receives ! sacram5t )\t *>ity4 ,!re=e x c nev] come to life s z to be/[ grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ins9c]ity seems to be /rong] ?an ,baptism1 because x h9d]s its effect4 ,b ! /rong] is n remov$ by ! weak]4 ,!re=e ! s9 ( ins9c]ity _c be tak5 away by ,baptism :i* has be5 h9d]$ by ins9c]ity4 ,& ?us ,baptism w n receive its full effect1 :i* is ! remission ( all s9s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x may happ5 t a man approa* ,baptism ins9c]ely1 & aft]w>ds commit a numb] ( s9s4 ,& yet ^! s9s w n be tak5 away by ,baptism2 because ,baptism wa%es away pa/1 n future1 s9s4 ,su* a ,baptism1 !re=e1 w nev] h its effect1 :i* is ! remission ( all s9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,bapt4 cont4 ,donat4 i73 ,!n does ,baptism beg9 to h its salut>y effect1 :5 tru?ful confession takes ! place ( t ins9c]ity :i* h9d]$ s9s f be+ wa%$ away1 s long z ! he>t p]si/$ 9 malice & sacrilege4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #i71 ,baptism is a spiritual reg5]ation4 ,n[ :5 a ?+ is g5]at$1 x receives toge!r ) ! =m1 ! =m's effect1 unless !re be an ob/acle2 & :5 ?is is remov$1 ! =m ( ! ?+ g5]at$ produces its effect3 ?us at ! same "t z a weighty body is g5]at$1 x has a d[nw>d movem5t1 unless some?+ prev5t ?is2 & :5 ! ob/acle is remov$1 x beg9s =?) to move d[nw>ds4 ,9 l mann] :5 a man is baptiz$1 he receives ! "*1 :i* is l a =m2 & he receives 9 consequ5ce its prop] effect1 :i* is grace :]eby all 8 s9s are remitt$4 ,b ?is effect is sometimes h9d]$ by ins9c]ity4 ,:]e=e1 :5 ?is ob/acle is remov$ by ,p5ance1 ,baptism =?) produces its effect4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! sacram5t ( ,baptism is ! "w ( ,god1 n ( man4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n dead 9 ! man1 :o be+ ins9c]e1 is baptiz$ )\t *>ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ins9c]ity is n remov$ by ,baptism b by ,p5ance3 & :5 x is remov$1 ,baptism takes away all guilt1 & all debt ( puni%m5t due to s9s1 :e!r committ$ be=e ,baptism1 or ev5 co-exi/5t ) ,baptism4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,bapt4 cont4 ,donat4 i73 ,ye/]day is blott$ out1 & :atev] rema9s ov] & above1 ev5 ! v la/ h\r & mom5t prec$+ ,baptism1 ! v mom5t ( ,baptism4 ,b f t mom5t =w>d he is b\nd by 8 obligations4 ,& s bo? ,baptism & ,p5ance concur 9 produc+ ! effect ( ,baptism1 b ,baptism z ! direct effici5t cause1 ,p5ance z ! indirect cause1 i4e4 z remov+ ! ob/acle4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! effect ( ,baptism is to take away n future1 b pres5t & pa/ s9s4 ,& consequ5tly1 :5 ! ins9c]ity passes away1 subsequ5t s9s are inde$ remitt$1 b by ,p5ance1 n by ,baptism4 ,:]e=e !y are n remitt$1 l ! s9s :i* prec$$ ,baptism1 z to ! :ole debt ( puni%m5t4 ,,"q #gj ,,( ,,circumcision 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ?+s t are prep>atory to ,baptism3 & 7#a7 t :i* prec$$ ,baptism1 viz4 ,circumcision1 7#b7 ^? :i* accompany ,baptism1 viz4 ,cate*ism & ,exorcism4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r circumcision 0 a prep>ation =1 & a figure (1 ,baptism8 7#b7 ,its in/itution2 7#c7 ,its rite2 7#d7 ,its effect4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gj1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,circumcision ,0 a ,prep>ation ,=1 & a ,figure ( ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t circumcision 0 n a prep>ation =1 & a figure ( ,baptism4 ,= e figure has "s lik5ess to t :i* x =e%ad[s4 ,b circumcision has no lik5ess to ,baptism4 ,!re=e x seems t x 0 n a prep>ation =1 & a figure ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le1 speak+ ( ! ,fa!rs ( old1 says 7#a ,cor4 #aj3b71 t all 7 baptiz$ 9 ! cl\d1 & 9 ! sea3 b n t !y 7 baptiz$ 9 circumcision4 ,!re=e ! protect+ pill> ( a cl\d1 & ! cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 r ?an circumcision1 7 a prep>ation =1 & a figure ( ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #ch1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c7 t ! baptism ( ,john 0 a prep>ation = ,*ri/'s4 ,consequ5tly1 if circumcision 0 a prep>ation =1 & a figure ( ,*ri/'s ,baptism1 x seems t ,john's baptism 0 sup]flu\s3 :i* is unseemly4 ,!re=e circumcision 0 n a prep>ation =1 & a figure ( ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,col4 #b3aa1 #ab73 ,y are circumcis$ ) circumcision1 n made by h& 9 despoil+ ! body ( ! fle%1 b 9 ! circumcision ( ,*ri/1 buri$ ) ,him 9 ,baptism4 ,i answ] t1 ,baptism is call$ ! ,sacram5t ( ,fai?2 9 s f>1 to wit1 z 9 ,baptism man makes a pr(ession ( fai?1 & by ,baptism is aggregat$ to ! congregation ( ! fai?ful4 ,n[ our fai? is ! same z t ( ! ,fa!rs ( old1 accord+ to ! ,apo/le 7#b ,cor4 #d3ac73 ,hav+ ! same _s ( fai? 4 4 4 we 4 4 4 believe4 ,b circumcision 0 a prote/ation ( fai?2 :]e=e by circumcision also m5 ( old 7 aggregat$ to ! body ( ! fai?ful4 ,consequ5tly1 x is manife/ t circumcision 0 a prep>ation = ,baptism & a figure !re(1 =asmu* z all ?+s happ5$ to ! ,fa!rs ( old 9 figure 7#a ,cor4 #aj3aa72 j z _! fai? reg>d$ ?+s to come4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,circumcision 0 l ,baptism z to ! spiritual effect ( ! latt]4 ,= j z circumcision remov$ a c>nal pellicule1 s ,baptism despoils man ( c>nal behavior4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! protect+ pill> ( cl\d & ! cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea 7 inde$ figures ( our ,baptism1 :]eby we are born aga9 ( wat]1 signifi$ by ! ,r$ ,sea2 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 signifi$ by ! pill> ( cl\d3 yet man did n make1 by means ( ^!1 a pr(ession ( fai?1 z by circumcision2 s t ^! two ?+s 7 figures b n sacram5ts4 ,b circumcision 0 a sacram5t1 & a prep>ation = ,baptism2 al?\gh less cle>ly figurative ( ,baptism1 z to ext]nals1 ?an ! a=esaid4 ,& = ?is reason ! ,apo/le m5tions !m r ?an circumcision4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,john's baptism 0 a prep>ation = ,*ri/'s z to ! act done3 b circumcision1 z to ! pr(ession ( fai?1 :i* is requir$ 9 ,baptism1 z /at$ above4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gj1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,circumcision ,0 ,in/itut$ 9 a ,fitt+ ,mann]8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t circumcision 0 in/itut$ 9 an unfitt+ mann]4 ,= z /at$ above 7,a4 #a7 a pr(ession ( fai? 0 made 9 circumcision4 ,b none c\ld ev] be deliv]$ f ! fir/ man's s91 except by fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3be3 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4 ,!re=e circumcision %\ld h be5 in/itut$ =?) aft] ! fir/ man's s91 & n at ! "t ( ,abraham4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 circumcision man made pr(ession ( keep+ ! ,old ,law1 j z 9 ,baptism he makes pr(ession ( keep+ ! ,new ,law2 :]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7,gal4 #e3c73 ,i te/ify 4 4 4 to e man circumcis+ himself1 t he is a debtor to d ! :ole ,law4 ,b ! obs]vance ( ! ,law 0 n promulgat$ at ! "t ( ,abraham1 b r at ! "t ( ,moses4 ,!re=e x 0 unfitt+ = circumcision to be in/itut$ at ! "t ( ,abraham4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 circumcision 0 a figure (1 & a prep>ation =1 ,baptism4 ,b ,baptism is (f]$ to all nations1 accord+ to ,matt4 #bh3ai3 ,go+ 4 4 4 tea* ye all nations1 baptiz+ !m4 ,!re=e circumcision %\ld h be5 in/itut$ z b9d+1 n ! ,jews only1 b also all nations4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 c>nal circumcision %\ld correspond to spiritual circumcision1 z ! %ad[ to ! reality4 ,b spiritual circumcision :i* is ( ,*ri/1 reg>ds indiff]5tly bo? sexes1 s9ce 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus !re is nei!r male nor female1 z is writt5 ,col4 #c 99,gal4 #c3bh4 ,!re=e ! in/itution ( circumcision :i* conc]ns only males1 0 unfitt+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we read 7,g54 #ag7 t circumcision 0 in/itut$ by ,god1 ,^: works are p]fect 7,deut4 #cb3d74 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a7 circumcision 0 a prep>ation = ,baptism1 inasmu* z x 0 a pr(ession ( fai? 9 ,*ri/1 :i* we also pr(ess 9 ,baptism4 ,n[ among ! ,fa!rs ( old1 ,abraham 0 ! fir/ to receive ! promise ( ! future bir? ( ,*ri/1 :5 x 0 said to him3 ,9 ?y se$ %all all ! nations ( ! e>? be bless$ 7,g54 #bb3ah74 ,moreov]1 he 0 ! fir/ to cut himself (f f ! society ( unbeliev]s1 9 accordance ) ! comm&m5t ( ! ,"l1 ,:o said to him 7,g54 #ac3a73 ,g =? out ( ?y c\ntry & f ?y k9dr$4 ,!re=e circumcision 0 fitt+ly in/itut$ 9 ! p]son ( ,abraham4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,imm$iately aft] ! s9 ( our fir/ p>5t1 on acc\nt ( ! k possess$ by ,adam1 :o 0 fully in/ruct$ ab\t ,div9e ?+s1 bo? fai? & natural reason fl\ri%$ 9 man to su* an ext5t1 t !re 0 no ne$ = any signs ( fai? & salvation to be prescrib$ to him1 b ea* "o 0 wont to make prote/ation ( 8 fai?1 by outw>d signs ( 8 pr(ession1 accord+ z he ?\ght be/4 ,b ab\t ! "t ( ,abraham fai? 0 on ! wane1 _m be+ giv5 ov] to idolatry4 ,moreov]1 by ! gr[? ( c>nal concupisc5ce natural reason 0 cl\d$ ev5 9 reg>d to s9s aga9/ nature4 ,& !re=e x 0 fitt+ t !n1 & n be=e1 circumcision %\ld be in/itut$1 z a pr(ession ( fai? & a rem$y aga9/ c>nal concupisc5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! obs]vance ( ! ,law 0 n to be promulgat$ until ! p 7 already ga!r$ toge!r3 because ! law is orda9$ to ! public good1 z we h /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ij1 ,a4 #b74 ,n[ x behoov$ ! body ( ! fai?ful to be ga!r$ toge!r by a s5sible sign1 :i* is necess>y 9 ord] t m5 be unit$ toge!r 9 any religion1 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,fau/4 xix74 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 necess>y = circumcision to be in/itut$ be=e ! giv+ ( ! ,law4 ,^? ,fa!rs1 h[ev]1 :o liv$ be=e ! ,law1 taught _! families conc]n+ ,div9e ?+s by way ( pat]nal admonition4 ,h5ce ! ,"l said ( ,abraham 7,g54 #ah3ai73 ,i "k t he w comm& 8 *ildr51 & 8 h\sehold aft] him to keep ! way ( ! ,"l4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,baptism conta9s 9 itself ! p]fection ( salvation1 to :i* ,god calls all m51 accord+ to #a ,tim4 #b3d3 ,:o w h all m5 to be sav$4 ,:]e=e ,baptism is (f]$ to all nations4 ,on ! o!r h& circumcision did n conta9 ! p]fection ( salvation1 b signifi$ x z to be a*iev$ by ,*ri/1 ,:o 0 to be born ( ! ,jewi% nation4 ,= ?is reason circumcision 0 giv5 to t nation alone4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! in/itution ( circumcision is z a sign ( ,abraham's fai?1 :o believ$ t himself w\ld be ! fa!r ( ,*ri/ ,:o 0 promis$ to him3 & = ?is reason x 0 suitable t x %\ld be = males only4 ,aga91 orig9al s91 aga9/ :i* circumcision 0 specially orda9$1 is contract$ f ! fa!r1 n f ! "m1 z 0 /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,a4 #e74 ,b ,baptism conta9s ! p[] ( ,*ri/1 ,:o is ! univ]sal cause ( salvation = all1 & is ,! ,remission ( all s9s 7,po/-,communion1 ,tuesday 9 ,:itweek74 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gj1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,rite ( ,circumcision ,0 ,fitt+8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! rite ( circumcision 0 unfitt+4 ,= circumcision1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b71 0 a pr(ession ( fai?4 ,b fai? is 9 ! appreh5sive p[]1 ^: op]ations appe> mo/ly 9 ! head4 ,!re=e ! sign ( circumcision %\ld h be5 conf]r$ on ! head r ?an on ! virile memb]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! sacram5ts we make use ( su* ?+s z are 9 m frequ5t use2 = in/ance1 wat]1 :i* is us$ = wa%+1 & bread1 :i* we use = n\ri%m5t4 ,b1 9 cutt+1 we use an iron knife m commonly ?an a /one knife4 ,!re=e circumcision %\ld n h be5 p]=m$ ) a /one knife4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z ,baptism 0 in/itut$ z a rem$y aga9/ orig9al s91 s also 0 circumcision1 z ,b$e says 7,hom4 9 ,circum474 ,b n[ ,baptism is n put (f until ! eigh? day1 le/ *ildr5 %\ld be 9 dang] ( loss on acc\nt ( orig9al s91 if !y %\ld die be=e be+ baptiz$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 sometimes ,baptism is put (f until aft] ! eigh? day4 ,!re=e ! eigh? day %\ld n h be5 fix$ = circumcision1 b ?is day %\ld h be5 anticipat$1 j z sometimes x 0 def]r$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! a=esaid rite ( circumcision is fix$ by a gloss on ,rom4 #d3aa3 ,& he receiv$ ! sign ( circumcision4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 circumcision 0 e/abli%$1 z a sign ( fai?1 by ,god ( ,^: wisdom !re is no numb] 7,ps4 #adf3e74 ,n[ to det]m9e suitable signs is a "w ( wisdom4 ,consequ5tly1 x mu/ be all[$ t ! rite ( circumcision 0 fitt+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x 0 fitt+ = circumcision to be p]=m$ on ! virile memb]4 ,fir/1 because x 0 a sign ( t fai? :]eby ,abraham believ$ t ,*ri/ w\ld be born ( 8 se$4 ,secondly1 because x 0 to be a rem$y aga9/ orig9al s91 :i* is contract$ ?r\gh ! act ( g5]ation4 ,?irdly1 because x 0 orda9$ z a rem$y = c>nal concupisc5ce1 :i* ?rives pr9cipally 9 ^? memb]s1 by reason ( ! abundance ( v5]eal pleasure4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,a /one knife 0 n ess5tial to circumcision4 ,:]e=e we d n f9d t an in/rum5t ( ?is description is requir$ by any div9e precept2 nor did ! ,jews1 z a rule1 make use ( su* a knife = circumcision2 inde$1 nei!r d !y n[4 ,nev]!less1 c]ta9 well-kn[n circumcisions are relat$ z hav+ be5 p]=m$ ) a /one knife1 ?us 7,ex4 #d3be7 we read t ,sephora took a v %>p /one & circumcis$ ! =esk9 ( h] son1 & 7,jo%ua #e3b73 ,make !e knives ( /one1 & circumcise ! second "t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,:i* signifi$ t spiritual circumcision w\ld be done by ,*ri/1 ( ,:om x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #aj3d73 ,n[ ! rock 0 ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! eigh? day 0 fix$ = circumcision3 fir/1 because ( ! my/]y2 s9ce1 ,*ri/1 by tak+ away f ! elect1 n only guilt b also all p5alties1 w p]fect ! spiritual circumcision1 9 ! eigh? age 7:i* is ! age ( ^? t rise aga971 z x 71 on ! eigh? day4 ,secondly1 on acc\nt ( ! t5d]ness ( ! infant be=e ! eigh? day4 ,:]e=e ev5 9 reg>d to o!r animals x is prescrib$ 7,lev4 #bb3bg73 ,:5 a bullock1 or a %eep1 or a goat1 is br\ght =?1 !y %all be sev5 days "u ! udd] ( _! dam3 b ! eigh? day & !nce=?1 !y may be (f]$ to ! ,"l4 ,moreov]1 ! eigh? day 0 necess>y = ! fulfilm5t ( ! precept2 s t1 to wit1 ^? :o delay$ beyond ! eigh? day1 s9n$1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 ! sabba?1 accord+ to ,john #g3bc3 7,if7 a man receives circumcision on ! sabba?-day1 t ! ,law ( ,moses may n be brok54 ,b x 0 n necess>y = ! validity ( ! sacram5t3 because if anyone delay$ beyond ! eigh? day1 !y c\ld be circumcis$ aft]w>ds4 ,"s also say t 9 imm95t dang] ( dea?1 x 0 all[able to anticipate ! eigh? day4 ,b ?is _c be prov$ ei!r f ! au?ority ( ,scripture or f ! cu/om ( ! ,jews4 ,:]e=e x is bett] to say ) ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor 7,de ,sacram4 i7 t ! eigh? day 0 nev] anticipat$ = any motive1 h[ev] urg5t4 ,h5ce on ,prov4 #d3c3 ,i 0 4 4 4 an only son 9 ! sight ( my "m1 a gloss says1 t ,b]sabee's o!r baby boy did n c\nt because ?r\gh dy+ be=e ! eigh? day x receiv$ no "n2 & consequ5tly nei!r 0 x circumcis$4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gj1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,circumcision ,be/[$ ,sanctify+ ,grace8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t circumcision did n be/[ sanctify+ grace4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,gal4 #b3ba73 ,if ju/ice be by ! ,law1 !n ,*ri/ di$ 9 va91 i4e4 )\t cause4 ,b circumcision 0 an obligation impos$ by ! ,law1 accord+ to ,gal4 #e3c3 ,i te/ify 4 4 4 to e man circumcis+ himself1 t he is a debtor to d ! :ole law4 ,!re=e1 if ju/ice be by circumcision1 ,*ri/ di$ 9 va91 i4e4 )\t cause4 ,b ?is _c be all[$4 ,!re=e circumcision did n conf] grace :]eby ! s9n] is made righte\s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 be=e ! in/itution ( circumcision fai? alone suffic$ = ju/ification2 h5ce ,gregory says 7,moral4 iv73 ,fai? alone did ( old 9 behalf ( infants t = :i* ! wat] ( ,baptism avails ) u4 ,b fai? has lo/ no?+ ( its /r5g? ?r\gh ! comm&m5t ( circumcision4 ,!re=e fai? alone ju/ifi$ little ones1 & n circumcision4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 we read 7,jo%ua #e3e1 #f7 t ! p t 7 born 9 ! des]t1 dur+ ! =ty ye>s 4 4 4 7 uncircumcis$4 ,if1 !re=e1 orig9al s9 0 tak5 away by circumcision1 x seems t all :o di$ 9 ! des]t1 bo? little *ildr5 & adults1 7 lo/4 ,& ! same argum5t avails 9 reg>d to ^? :o di$ be=e ! eigh? day1 :i* 0 t ( circumcision1 :i* day c\ld n be anticipat$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c1 ad #c74 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 no?+ b s9 closes ! entrance to ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,b be=e ! ,passion ! entrance to ! heav5ly k+dom 0 clos$ to ! circumcis$4 ,!re=e m5 7 n ju/ifi$ f s9 by circumcision4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 orig9al s9 is n remitt$ )\t actual s9 be+ remitt$ also3 because x is wick$ to hope = half =giv5ess f ,god1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]a et ,falsa ,po5it4 ix74 ,b we read n[h]e ( circumcision z remitt+ actual s94 ,!re=e nei!r did x remit orig9al s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says1 writ+ to ,val]ius 9 answ] to ,julian 7,de ,nup4 et ,concup4 ii73 ,f ! "t t circumcision 0 in/itut$ among ,god's p1 z 'a seal ( ! ju/ice ( ! fai?1' x avail$ little *ildr5 unto sanctification by cleans+ !m f ! orig9al & bygone s92 j z ,baptism also f ! "t ( its in/itution began to avail unto ! r5ewal ( man4 ,i answ] t1 ,all are agre$ 9 say+ t orig9al s9 0 remitt$ 9 circumcision4 ,b "s said t no grace 0 conf]r$1 & t ! only effect 0 to remit s94 ,! ,ma/] holds ?is op9ion 7,s5t4 iv1 ,d1 #a71 & 9 a gloss on ,rom4 #d3aa4 ,b ?is is impossible1 s9ce guilt is n remitt$ except by grace1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3b3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ freely by ,8 grace1 etc4 ,:]e=e o!rs said t grace 0 be/[$ by circumcision1 z to t effect :i* is ! remission ( guilt1 b n z to its positive effects2 le/ !y %\ld be compell$ to say t ! grace be/[$ 9 circumcision suffic$ = ! fulfill+ ( ! precepts ( ! ,law1 & t1 consequ5tly1 ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 0 unnecess>y4 ,b nei!r c ?is op9ion /&4 ,fir/1 because by circumcision *ildr5 receiv$ ! p[] ( obta9+ glory at ! allott$ "t1 :i* is ! la/ positive effect ( grace4 ,secondly1 because1 9 ! ord] ( ! =mal cause1 positive effects naturally prec$e ^? t d5ote privation1 al?\gh x is ! rev]se 9 ! ord] ( ! mat]ial cause3 s9ce a =m does n remove a privation save by in=m+ ! subject4 ,consequ5tly1 o!rs said t grace 0 conf]r$ 9 circumcision1 also z a p>ticul> positive effect consi/+ 9 be+ made wor?y ( et]nal life2 b n z to all its effects1 = x did n suffice = ! repression ( ! concupisc5ce ( ! fomes1 nor aga9 = ! fulfilm5t ( ! precepts ( ! ,law4 ,& ?is 0 my op9ion at "o "t 7,s5t4 iv1 ,d1 #a2 ,q4 #b1 ,a4 #d74 ,b if "o consid] ! matt] c>efully1 x is cle> t ?is is n true4 ,because ! lea/ grace c resi/ any degree ( concupisc5ce1 & avoid e mortal s91 t is committ$ 9 transgress+ ! precepts ( ! ,law2 = ! smalle/ degree ( *>ity loves ,god m ?an cupidity loves ?\s&s ( gold & silv] 7,ps4 #aah3gb74 ,we mu/ say1 !re=e1 t grace 0 be/[$ 9 circumcision z to all ! effects ( grace1 b n z 9 ,baptism4 ,because 9 ,baptism grace is be/[$ by ! v p[] ( ,baptism itself1 :i* p[] ,baptism has z ! in/rum5t ( ,*ri/'s ,passion already consummat$4 ,:]eas circumcision be/[$ grace1 inasmu* z x 0 a sign ( fai? 9 ,*ri/'s future ,passion3 s t ! man :o 0 circumcis$1 pr(ess$ to embrace t fai?2 :e!r1 be+ an adult1 he made pr(ession = himself1 or1 be+ a *ild1 someone else made pr(ession = him4 ,h5ce1 too1 ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #d3aa71 t ,abraham receiv$ ! sign ( circumcision1 a seal ( ! ju/ice ( ! fai?3 because1 to wit1 ju/ice 0 ( fai? signifi$3 n ( circumcision signify+4 ,& s9ce ,baptism op]ates in/rum5tally by ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :]eas circumcision does n1 !re=e ,baptism impr9ts a "* t incorporates man 9 ,*ri/1 & be/[s grace m copi\sly ?an does circumcision2 s9ce great] is ! effect ( a ?+ already pres5t1 ?an ( ! hope !re(4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t w\ld prove if ju/ice 7 ( circumcision o!rwise ?an ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z be=e ! in/itution ( circumcision1 fai? 9 ,*ri/ to come ju/ifi$ bo? *ildr5 & adults1 s1 too1 aft] its in/itution4 ,b be=e1 !re 0 no ne$ ( a sign expressive ( ?is fai?2 because z yet believ]s _h n begun to be unit$ toge!r ap>t f unbeliev]s = ! wor%ip ( "o ,god4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t p>5ts :o 7 believ]s (f]$ up "s pray]s to ,god = _! *ildr51 especially if ^! 7 9 any dang]4 ,or be/[$ "s bless+ on !m1 z a seal ( fai?2 j z ! adults (f]$ pray]s & sacrifices = !mselves4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,!re 0 an excuse = ! p 9 ! des]t fail+ to fulfil ! precept ( circumcision1 bo? because !y knew n :5 ! camp 0 remov$1 & because1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv7 !y ne$$ no di/9ctive sign :ile !y dwelt ap>t f o!r nations4 ,nev]!less1 z ,augu/9e says 7,,qq4 9 ,josue vi71 ^? 7 guilty ( disob$i5ce :o fail$ to obey ?r\gh contempt4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 t none ( ! uncircumcis$ di$ 9 ! des]t1 = x is writt5 7,ps4 #ajd3cg73 ,!re 0 n among _! tribes "o t 0 feeble3 & t ^? alone di$ 9 ! des]t1 :o _h be5 circumcis$ 9 ,egypt4 ,if1 h[ev]1 "s ( ! uncircumcis$ did die !re1 ! same applies to !m z to ^? :o di$ be=e ! in/itution ( circumcision4 ,& ?is applies also to ^? *ildr5 :o1 at ! "t ( ! ,law1 di$ be=e ! eigh? day4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,orig9al s9 0 tak5 away 9 circumcision1 9 reg>d to ! p]son2 b on ! "p ( ! entire nature1 !re rema9$ ! ob/acle to ! entrance ( ! k+dom ( heav51 :i* ob/acle 0 remov$ by ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,consequ5tly1 be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion n ev5 ,baptism gave entrance to ! k+dom4 ,b 7 circumcision to avail aft] ,*ri/'s ,passion1 x w\ld give entrance to ! k+dom4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,:5 adults 7 circumcis$1 !y receiv$ remission n only ( orig9al1 b also ( actual s93 yet n s z to be deliv]$ f all debt ( puni%m5t1 z 9 ,baptism1 9 :i* grace is conf]r$ m copi\sly4 ,,"q #ga ,,( ,,! ,,prep>ations ,,t ,,accompany ,,baptism 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! prep>ations t accompany ,baptism3 conc]n+ :i* !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r cate*ism %\ld prec$e ,baptism8 7#b7 ,:e!r exorcism %\ld prec$e ,baptism8 7#c7 ,:e!r :at is done 9 cate*iz+ & exorciz+1 effects any?+1 or is a m]e sign8 7#d7 ,:e!r ^? :o are to be baptiz$ %\ld be cate*iz$ or exorciz$ by prie/s8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ga1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,cate*ism ,%\ld ,prec$e ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t cate*ism %\ld n prec$e ,baptism4 ,= by ,baptism m5 are reg5]at$ unto ! spiritual life4 ,b man beg9s to live be=e be+ taught4 ,!re=e man %\ld n be cate*iz$1 i4e4 taught1 be=e be+ baptiz$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism is giv5 n only to adults1 b also to *ildr51 :o are n capable ( be+ taught1 s9ce !y h n ! use ( reason4 ,!re=e x is absurd to cate*ize !m4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a man1 :5 cate*iz$1 confesses 8 fai?4 ,n[ a *ild _c confess its fai? by itself1 nor c anyone else 9 its /ead2 bo? because no "o c b9d ano!r to d any?+2 & because "o _c "k :e!r ! *ild1 hav+ come to ! "r age1 w give its ass5t to fai?4 ,!re=e cate*ism %\ld n prec$e ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,rabanus says 7,de ,in/it4 ,cl]ic4 i73 ,be=e ,baptism man %\ld be prep>$ by cate*ism1 9 ord] t ! cate*um5 may receive ! rudim5ts ( fai?4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #gj1 ,a4 #a71 ,baptism is ! ,sacram5t ( ,fai?3 s9ce x is a pr(ession ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,n[ 9 ord] t a man receive ! fai?1 he mu/ be in/ruct$ !re91 accord+ to ,rom4 #aj3ad3 ,h[ %all !y believe ,him1 ( ,:om !y h n he>d8 ,& h[ %all !y he> )\t a prea*]8 ,& !re=e x is fitt+ t cate*ism %\ld prec$e ,baptism4 ,h5ce :5 our ,"l bade ,8 disciples to baptize1 ,he made tea*+ to prec$e ,baptism1 say+3 ,g ye 4 4 4 & tea* all nations1 baptiz+ !m1 etc4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! life ( grace unto :i* a man is reg5]at$1 presupposes ! life ( ! rational nature1 9 :i* man is capable ( receiv+ in/ruction4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z ,"m ,*ur*1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fi1 ,a4 #f1 ad #c71 l5ds *ildr5 ano!r's feet t !y may come1 & ano!r's he>t t !y may believe1 s1 too1 %e l5ds !m ano!r's e>s1 t !y may he>1 & ano!r's m9d1 t ?r\gh o!rs !y may be taught4 ,& !re=e1 z !y are to be baptiz$1 on ! same gr\nds !y are to be in/ruct$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,he :o answ]s 9 ! *ild's /ead3 ,i d believe1 does n =etell t ! *ild w believe :5 x comes to ! "r age1 else he w\ld say3 ,he w believe2 b 9 ! *ild's /ead he pr(esses ! ,*ur*'s fai? :i* is communicat$ to t *ild1 ! sacram5t ( :i* fai? is be/[$ on x1 & to :i* fai? he is b\nd by ano!r4 ,= !re is no?+ unfitt+ 9 a p]son be+ b\nd by ano!r 9 ?+s necess>y = salvation4 ,9 l mann] ! sponsor1 9 answ]+ = ! *ild1 promises to use 8 endeavors t ! *ild may believe4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld n be suffici5t 9 ! case ( adults hav+ ! use ( reason4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ga1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,exorcism ,%\ld ,prec$e ,baptism8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t exorcism %\ld n prec$e ,baptism4 ,= exorcism is orda9$ aga9/ en]gum5s or ^? :o are possess$4 ,b n all are su* l4 ,!re=e exorcism %\ld n prec$e ,baptism4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 s long z man is a subject ( s91 ! devil has p[] ov] him1 accord+ to ,john #h3cd3 ,:osoev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant ( s94 ,b s9 is tak5 away by ,baptism4 ,!re=e m5 %\ld n be exorciz$ be=e ,baptism4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,holy wat] 0 introduc$ 9 ord] to w>d (f ! p[] ( ! demons4 ,!re=e exorcism 0 n ne$$ z a fur!r rem$y4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,cele/9e says 7,epi/4 ad ,episcop4 ,galliae73 ,:e!r *ildr5 or "y p approa* ! sacram5t ( reg5]ation1 !y %\ld n come to ! f\nt ( life be=e ! unclean _s has be5 expell$ f !m by ! exorcisms & brea?+s ( ! cl]ics4 ,i answ] t1 ,:oev] purposes to d a "w wisely1 fir/ removes ! ob/acles to 8 "w2 h5ce x is writt5 7,j]4 #d3c73 ,break up anew y\r fall[ gr\nd & s[ n ^u ?orns4 ,n[ ! devil is ! enemy ( man's salvation1 :i* man acquires by ,baptism2 & he has a c]ta9 p[] ov] man f ! v fact t ! latt] is subject to orig9al1 or ev5 actual1 s94 ,consequ5tly x is fitt+ t be=e ,baptism ! demons %\ld be ca/ out by exorcisms1 le/ !y imp$e man's salvation4 ,:i* expulsion is signifi$ by ! 7prie/7 brea?+ 7^u ! p]son to be baptiz$72 :ile ! bless+1 ) ! imposition ( h&s1 b>s ! way aga9/ ! return ( him :o 0 ca/ out4 ,!n ! salt :i* is put 9 ! m\?1 & ! ano9t+ ( ! nose & e>s ) spittle1 signify ! receiv+ ( doctr9e1 z to ! e>s2 cons5t !reto z to ! nose2 & confession !re(1 z to ! m\?4 ,& ! ano9t+ ) oil signifies man's ability to fight aga9/ ! demons4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! en]gum5s are s-call$ f labor+ inw>dly "u ! outw>d op]ation ( ! devil4 ,& ?\gh n all t approa* ,baptism are tr\bl$ by him 9 _! bodies1 yet all :o are n baptiz$ are subject to ! p[] ( ! demons1 at lea/ on acc\nt ( ! guilt ( orig9al s94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! p[] ( ! devil 9 s f> z he h9d]s man f obta9+ glory1 is expell$ f man by ! baptismal ablution2 b 9 s f> z he h9d]s man f receiv+ ! sacram5t1 8 p[] is ca/ out by ! exorcisms4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,holy wat] is us$ aga9/ ! assaults ( demons f )\t4 ,b exorcisms are direct$ aga9/ ^? assaults ( ! demons :i* are f )94 ,h5ce ^? :o are exorciz$ are call$ en]gum5s1 z x 7 labor+ inw>dly4 ,or we may say t j z ,p5ance is giv5 z a fur!r rem$y aga9/ s91 because ,baptism is n repeat$2 s ,holy ,wat] is giv5 z a fur!r rem$y aga9/ ! assaults ( demons1 because ! baptismal exorcisms are n giv5 a second "t4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ga1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,:at ,is ,done 9 ! ,exorcism ,effects ,any?+1 or ,is a ,m]e ,sign8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t :at is done 9 ! exorcism does n effect any?+1 b is a m]e sign4 ,= if a *ild die aft] ! exorcisms1 be=e be+ baptiz$1 x is n sav$4 ,b ! effects ( :at is done 9 ! sacram5ts are orda9$ to ! salvation ( man2 h5ce x is writt5 7,mk4 #af3af73 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$4 ,!re=e :at is done 9 ! exorcism effects no?+1 b is a m]e sign4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ is requir$ = a sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law1 b t x %\ld be a sign & a cause1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a74 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ?+s done 9 ! exorcism effect any?+1 x seems t ea* ( !m is a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z ! exorcism is orda9$ to ,baptism1 s if any?+ be effect$ 9 ! exorcism1 x is orda9$ to ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,b disposition mu/ ne$s prec$e ! p]fect =m3 because =m is n receiv$ save into matt] already dispos$4 ,x w\ld foll[1 !re=e1 t none c\ld obta9 ! effect ( ,baptism unless he 7 previ\sly exorciz$2 :i* is cle>ly false4 ,!re=e :at is done 9 ! exorcisms has no effect4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 j z "s ?+s are done 9 ! exorcism be=e ,baptism1 s are "s ?+s done aft] ,baptism2 = in/ance1 ! prie/ ano9ts ! baptiz$ on ! top ( ! head4 ,b :at is done aft] ,baptism seems to h no effect2 =1 if x _h1 ! effect ( ,baptism w\ld be imp]fect4 ,!re=e nei!r h ^? ?+s an effect1 :i* are done 9 exorcism be=e ,baptism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,symbolo ,i73 ,little *ildr5 are brea!d ^u & exorciz$1 9 ord] to expel f !m ! devil's ho/ile p[]1 :i* deceiv$ man4 ,b ! ,*ur* does no?+ 9 va94 ,!re=e ! effect ( ^! brea?+s is t ! p[] ( ! devils is expell$4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s say t ! ?+s done 9 ! exorcism h no effect1 b are m]e signs4 ,b ?is is cle>ly false2 s9ce 9 exorciz+1 ! ,*ur* uses words ( comm& to ca/ out ! devil's p[]1 = in/ance1 :5 %e says3 ,!re=e1 accurs$ devil1 g out f him1 etc4 ,!re=e we mu/ say t !y h "s effect1 b1 o!r ?an t ( ,baptism4 ,= ,baptism gives man grace unto ! full remission ( s9s4 ,b ^? ?+s t are done 9 ! exorcism remove ! tw(old imp$im5t aga9/ ! reception ( sav+ grace4 ,( ^!1 "o is ! outw>d imp$im5t1 s f> z ! demons /rive to h9d] man's salvation4 ,& ?is imp$im5t is remov$ by ! brea?+s1 :]eby ! demon's p[] is ca/ out1 z appe>s f ! passage quot$ f ,augu/9e1 i4e4 z to ! devil n plac+ ob/acles aga9/ ! reception ( ! sacram5t4 ,nev]!less1 ! demon's p[] ov] man rema9s z to ! /a9 ( s91 & ! debt ( puni%m5t1 until s9 be wa%$ away by ,baptism4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ,cyprian says 7,epi/4 lxxvi73 ,"k t ! devil's evil p[] rema9s until ! p\r+ ( ! sav+ wat]3 b 9 ,baptism he loses x all4 ,! o!r imp$im5t is )91 =asmu* z1 f hav+ contract$ orig9al s91 man's s5se is clos$ to ! p]ception ( ! my/]ies ( salvation4 ,h5ce ,rabanus says 7,de ,in/it4 ,cl]ic4 i7 t by means ( ! typify+ spittle & ! t\* ( ! prie/1 ! ,div9e wisdom & p[] br+s salvation to ! cate*um51 t 8 no/rils be+ op5$ he may p]ceive ! odor ( ! k ( ,god1 t 8 e>s be op5$ to he> ! comm&m5ts ( ,god1 t 8 s5ses be op5$ 9 8 inmo/ he>t to respond4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:at is done 9 ! exorcism does n take away ! s9 = :i* man is puni%$ aft] dea?2 b only ! imp$im5ts aga9/ 8 receiv+ ! remission ( s9 ?r\gh ! sacram5t4 ,:]e=e exorcism avails a man no?+ aft] dea? if he has n be5 baptiz$4 ,praepositivus1 h[ev]1 says t *ildr5 :o die aft] be+ exorciz$ b be=e be+ baptiz$ are subject$ to less] d>kness4 ,b ?is does n seem to be true3 because t d>kness consi/s 9 privation ( ! vision ( ,god1 :i* _c be great] or less]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x is ess5tial to a sacram5t to produce its pr9cipal effect1 :i* is grace t remits s91 or supplies "s defect 9 man4 ,b ^? ?+s t are done 9 ! exorcism d n effect ?is2 !y m]ely remove ^! imp$im5ts4 ,consequ5tly1 !y are n sacram5ts b sacram5tals4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! disposition t suffices = receiv+ ! baptismal grace is ! fai? & int5tion1 ei!r ( ! "o baptiz$1 if x be an adult1 or ( ! ,*ur*1 if x be a *ild4 ,b ^! ?+s t are done 9 ! exorcism1 are direct$ to ! removal ( ! imp$im5ts4 ,& !re=e "o may receive ! effect ( ,baptism )\t !m4 ,yet !y are n to be omitt$ save 9 a case ( necessity4 ,& !n1 if ! dang] pass1 !y %\ld be suppli$1 t uni=mity 9 ,baptism may be obs]v$4 ,nor are !y suppli$ to no purpose aft] ,baptism3 because1 j z ! effect ( ,baptism may be h9d]$ be=e x is receiv$1 s c x be h9d]$ aft] x has be5 receiv$4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,( ^? ?+s t are done aft] ,baptism 9 respect ( ! p]son baptiz$1 some?+ is done :i* is n a m]e sign1 b produces an effect1 = in/ance1 ! ano9t+ on ! top ( ! head1 ! effect ( :i* is ! pres]vation ( baptismal grace4 ,& !re is some?+ :i* has no effect1 b is a m]e sign1 = in/ance1 ! baptiz$ are giv5 a :ite g>m5t to signify ! newness ( life4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ga1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,x ,belongs to a ,prie/ to ,cate*ize & ,exorcize ! ,p]son to ,be ,baptiz$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t x does n belong to a prie/ to cate*ize & exorcize ! p]son to be baptiz$4 ,= x belongs to ! (fice ( m9i/]s to op]ate on ! unclean1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v74 ,b cate*um5s :o are in/ruct$ by cate*ism1 & en]gum5s :o are cleans$ by exorcism1 are c\nt$ among ! unclean1 z ,dionysius says 9 ! same place4 ,!re=e to cate*ize & to exorcize d n belong to ! (fice ( ! prie/s1 b r to t ( ! m9i/]s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 cate*um5s are in/ruct$ 9 ! ,fai? by ! ,holy ,scripture :i* is read 9 ! *ur* by m9i/]s3 = j z ! ,old ,te/am5t is recit$ by ! ,read]s1 s ! ,new ,te/am5t is read by ! ,deacons & ,subdeacons4 ,& ?us x belongs to ! m9i/]s to cate*ize4 ,9 l mann] x belongs1 seem+ly1 to ! m9i/]s to exorcize4 ,= ,isidore says 7,epi/4 ad ,ludifr$473 ,! exorci/ %\ld "k ! exorcisms by he>t1 & impose 8 h&s on ! en]gum5s & cate*um5s dur+ ! exorcism4 ,!re=e x belongs n to ! prie/ly (fice to cate*ize & exorcize4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 to cate*ize is ! same z to tea*1 & ?is is ! same z to p]fect4 ,n[ ?is belongs to ! (fice ( a bi%op1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v74 ,!re=e x does n belong to ! prie/ly (fice4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,nicolas ,i says3 ,! cate*iz+ ( ^? :o are to be baptiz$ c be und]tak5 by ! prie/s atta*$ to ea* *ur*4 ,& ,gregory says 7,hom4 xxix sup] ,eze*473 ,:5 prie/s place _! h&s on believ]s = ! grace ( exorcism1 :at else d !y b ca/ out ! devils8 ,i answ] t1 ,! m9i/] comp>$ to ! prie/1 is z a second>y & in/rum5tal ag5t to ! pr9cipal ag5t3 z is impli$ 9 ! v ^w m9i/]4 ,n[ ! second>y ag5t does no?+ )\t ! pr9cipal ag5t 9 op]at+4 ,& ! m mighty ! op]ation1 s mu* ! mighti] in/rum5ts does ! pr9cipal ag5t require4 ,b ! op]ation ( ! prie/ 9 conf]r+ ! sacram5t itself is mighti] ?an 9 ^? ?+s t are prep>atory to ! sacram5t4 ,& s ! highe/ m9i/]s :o are call$ deacons co-op]ate ) ! prie/ 9 be/[+ ! sacram5ts !mselves3 = ,isidore says 7,epi/4 ad ,ludifr$47 t x belongs to ! deacons to assi/ ! prie/s 9 all ?+s t are done 9 ,*ri/'s sacram5ts1 9 ,baptism1 to wit1 9 ! ,*rism1 9 ! ,pat5 & ,*alice2 :ile ! inf]ior m9i/]s assi/ ! prie/ 9 ^? ?+s :i* are prep>atory to ! sacram5ts3 ! read]s1 = in/ance1 9 cate*iz+2 ! exorci/s 9 exorciz+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! m9i/]'s op]ation 9 reg>d to ! unclean is m9i/]ial &1 z x 71 in/rum5tal1 b ! prie/'s is pr9cipal4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,to read]s & exorci/s belongs ! duty ( cate*iz+ & exorciz+1 n1 inde$1 pr9cipally1 b z m9i/]s ( ! prie/ 9 ^! ?+s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,in/ruction is manifold4 ,"o leads to ! embrac+ ( ! ,fai?2 & is ascrib$ by ,dionysius to bi%ops 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii7 & c be und]tak5 by any prea*]1 or ev5 by any believ]4 ,ano!r is t by :i* a man is taught ! rudim5ts ( fai?1 & h[ to comport himself 9 receiv+ ! sacram5ts3 ?is belongs second>ily to ! m9i/]s1 prim>ily to ! prie/s4 ,a ?ird is in/ruction 9 ! mode ( ,*ri/ian life3 & ?is belongs to ! sponsors4 ,a f\r? is ! in/ruction 9 ! pr(\nd my/]ies ( fai?1 & on ! p]fection ( ,*ri/ian life3 ?is belongs to bi%ops ex (ficio1 9 virtue ( _! (fice4 ,,"q #gb ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,( ,,confirmation 7,9 ,twelve ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! ,sacram5t ( ,confirmation4 ,conc]n+ ?is !re are twelve po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,confirmation is a sacram5t8 7#b7 ,its matt]2 7#c7 ,:e!r x is ess5tial to ! sacram5t t ! *rism %\ld h be5 previ\sly consecrat$ by a bi%op8 7#d7 ,its =m2 7#e7 ,:e!r x impr9ts a "*8 7#f7 ,:e!r ! "* ( ,confirmation presupposes ! "* ( ,baptism8 7#g7 ,:e!r x be/[s grace8 7#h7 ,:o is compet5t to receive ?is sacram5t8 7#i7 ,9 :at "p ( ! body8 7#aj7 ,:e!r someone is requir$ to /& = ! p]son to be confirm$8 7#aa7 ,:e!r ?is sacram5t is giv5 by bi%ops only8 7#ab7 ,( its rite4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,confirmation ,is a ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,confirmation is n a sacram5t4 ,= sacram5ts d]ive _! efficacy f ! ,div9e in/itution1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #b74 ,b we read n[h]e ( ,confirmation be+ in/itut$ by ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x is n a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law 7 =e%ad[$ 9 ! ,old ,law2 ?us ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aj3b-d71 t all 9 ,moses 7 baptiz$1 9 ! cl\d & 9 ! sea2 & did all eat ! same spiritual food1 & all drank ! same spiritual dr9k4 ,b ,confirmation 0 n =e%ad[$ 9 ! old ,te/am5t4 ,!re=e x is n a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts are orda9$ unto man's salvation4 ,b man c be sav$ )\t ,confirmation3 s9ce *ildr5 t are baptiz$1 :o die be=e be+ confirm$1 are sav$4 ,!re=e ,confirmation is n a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 by all ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*1 man is con=m$ to ,*ri/1 ,:o is ! ,au?or ( ! sacram5ts4 ,b man _c be con=m$ to ,*ri/ by ,confirmation1 s9ce we read n[h]e ( ,*ri/ be+ confirm$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,mel*iades wrote to ! bi%ops ( ,spa93 ,conc]n+ ! po9t on :i* y s\ght to be in=m$1 i4e4 :e!r ! imposition ( ! bi%op's h& 7 a great] sacram5t ?an ,baptism1 "k t ea* is a great sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law are orda9$ unto special effects ( grace3 & !re=e :]e !re is a special effect ( grace1 !re we f9d a special sacram5t orda9$ = ! purpose4 ,b s9ce s5sible & mat]ial ?+s be> a lik5ess to ?+s spiritual & intelligible1 f :at occurs 9 ! life ( ! body1 we c p]ceive t :i* is special to ! spiritual life4 ,n[ x is evid5t t 9 ! life ( ! body a c]ta9 special p]fection consi/s 9 man's atta9+ to ! p]fect age1 & be+ able to p]=m ! p]fect actions ( a man3 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ac3aa73 ,:5 ,i became a man1 ,i put away ! ?+s ( a *ild4 ,& !nce x is t besides ! movem5t ( g5]ation :]eby man receives life ( ! body1 !re is ! movem5t ( gr[?1 :]eby man is br\ght to ! p]fect age4 ,s !re=e does man receive spiritual life 9 ,baptism1 :i* is a spiritual reg5]ation3 :ile 9 ,confirmation man arrives at ! p]fect age1 z x 71 ( ! spiritual life4 ,h5ce ,pope ,mel*iades says3 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o comes d[n on ! wat]s ( ,baptism be>+ salvation 9 ,8 flight1 be/[s at ! font1 ! fulness ( innoc5ce2 b 9 ,confirmation ,he conf]s an increase ( grace4 ,9 ,baptism we are born aga9 unto life2 aft] ,baptism we are /r5g!n$4 ,& !re=e x is evid5t t ,confirmation is a special sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,conc]n+ ! in/itution ( ?is sacram5t !re are ?ree op9ions4 ,"s 7,alex&] ( ,hales1 ,summa ,!ol4 ,p4 ,,iv1 ,q4 ,,ix2 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 ,s5t4 iv1 ,d1 #g7 h ma9ta9$ t ?is sacram5t 0 in/itut$ nei!r by ,*ri/1 nor by ! apo/les2 b lat] 9 ! c\rse ( "t by "o ( ! c\ncils4 ,o!rs 7,pi]re de ,t>5taise1 ,s5t4 iv1 ,d1 #g7 held t x 0 in/itut$ by ! apo/les4 ,b ?is _c be admitt$2 s9ce ! in/itution ( a new sacram5t belongs to ! p[] ( excell5ce1 :i* belongs to ,*ri/ alone4 ,& !re=e we mu/ say t ,*ri/ in/itut$ ?is sacram5t n by be/[+1 b by promis+ x1 accord+ to ,john #af3g3 ,if ,i g n1 ! ,p>aclete w n come to y1 b if ,i g1 ,i w s5d ,him to y4 ,& ?is 0 because 9 ?is sacram5t ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is be/[$1 :i* 0 n to be giv5 be=e ,*ri/'s ,resurrection & ,asc5sion2 accord+ to ,john #g3ci3 ,z yet ! ,_s 0 n giv51 because ,jesus 0 n yet glorifi$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,confirmation is ! sacram5t ( ! fulness ( grace3 :]e=e !re c\ld be no?+ correspond+ to x 9 ! ,old ,law1 s9ce ! ,law br\ght no?+ to p]fection 7,heb4 #g3ai74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #d71 all ! sacram5ts are 9 "s way necess>y = salvation3 b "s1 s t !re is no salvation )\t !m2 "s z conduc+ to ! p]fection ( salvation2 & ?us x is t ,confirmation is necess>y = salvation3 al?\gh salvation is possible )\t x1 provid$ x be n omitt$ out ( contempt4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,^? :o receive ,confirmation1 :i* is ! sacram5t ( ! fulness ( grace1 are con=m$ to ,*ri/1 inasmu* z f ! v fir/ in/ant ( ,8 conception ,he 0 full ( grace & tru? 7,john #a3ad74 ,?is fulness 0 made kn[n at ,8 ,baptism1 :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ 9 a bodily %ape 4 4 4 ^u ,him 7,luke #c3bb74 ,h5ce 7,luke #d3a7 x is writt5 t ,jesus be+ full ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 return$ f ! ,jordan4 ,nor 0 x fitt+ to ,*ri/'s dignity1 t ,he1 ,:o is ! ,au?or ( ! sacram5ts1 %\ld receive ! fulness ( grace f a sacram5t4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*rism ,is a ,fitt+ ,matt] = ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t *rism is n a fitt+ matt] = ?is sacram5t4 ,= ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #a71 0 in/itut$ by ,*ri/ :5 ,he promis$ ,8 disciples ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b ,he s5t !m ! ,holy ,gho/ )\t _! be+ ano9t$ ) *rism4 ,moreov]1 ! apo/les !mselves be/[$ ?is sacram5t )\t *rism1 by ! m]e imposition ( h&s3 = x is writt5 7,acts #h3ag7 t ! apo/les laid _! h&s ^u ^? :o 7 baptiz$1 & !y receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e *rism is n ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t3 s9ce ! matt] is ess5tial to ! sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,confirmation p]fects1 9 a way1 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d73 & s x ought to be con=m$ to x z p]fection to ! ?+ p]fect$4 ,b ! matt]1 9 ,baptism1 is a simple elem5t1 viz4 wat]4 ,!re=e *rism1 :i* is made ( oil & balm1 is n a fitt+ matt] = ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 oil is us$ z ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t = ! purpose ( ano9t+4 ,b any oil w d = ano9t+3 = in/ance1 oil made f nuts1 & f any?+ else4 ,!re=e n only olive oil %\ld be us$ = ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x has be5 /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #c7 t wat] is us$ z ! matt] ( ,baptism1 because x is easily procur$ ev]y:]e4 ,b olive oil is n to be procur$ ev]y:]e2 & mu* less is balm4 ,!re=e *rism1 :i* is made ( ^!1 is n a fitt+ matt] = ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,gregory says 7,regi/r4 iv73 ,let no prie/ d>e to sign ! baptiz$ infants on ! br[ ) ! sacr$ *rism4 ,!re=e *rism is ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,*rism is ! fitt+ matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 9 ?is sacram5t ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is giv5 = ! spiritual /r5g? :i* belongs to ! p]fect age4 ,n[ :5 man comes to p]fect age he beg9s at once to h int]c\rse ) o!rs2 :]eas until !n he lives an individual life1 z x 71 conf9$ to himself4 ,n[ ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is signifi$ by oil2 h5ce ,*ri/ is said to be ano9t$ ) ! oil ( gladness 7,ps4 #dd3h71 by reason ( ,8 be+ gift$ ) ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,consequ5tly oil is a suitable matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,& balm is mix$ ) ! oil1 by reason ( its fragrant odor1 :i* spreads ab\t3 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#b ,cor4 #b3ae73 ,we are ! good odor ( ,*ri/1 etc4 ,& ?\gh _m o!r ?+s be fragrant1 yet pref]5ce is giv5 to balm1 because x has a special odor ( its own1 & because x conf]s incorruptibility3 h5ce x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #bd3ba73 ,my odor is z ! pure/ balm4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/1 by ! p[] :i* ,he ex]cises 9 ! sacram5ts1 be/[$ on ! apo/les ! reality ( ?is sacram5t1 i4e4 ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 )\t ! sacram5t itself1 because !y _h receiv$ ! fir/ fruits ( ! ,_s 7,rom4 #h3bc74 ,nev]!less1 some?+ ( keep+ ) ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t 0 display$ to ! apo/les 9 a s5sible mann] :5 !y receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= t ! ,holy ,gho/ came d[n ^u !m 9 a s5sible mann] "u ! =m ( fire1 ref]s to ! same signification z oil3 except 9 s f> z fire has an active p[]1 :ile oil has a passive p[]1 z be+ ! matt] & inc5tive ( fire4 ,& ?is 0 q fitt+3 = x 0 ?r\gh ! apo/les t ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 to fl[ =? to o!rs4 ,aga91 ! ,holy ,gho/ came d[n on ! apo/les 9 ! %ape ( a tongue4 ,:i* ref]s to ! same signification z balm3 except 9 s f> z ! tongue communicates ) o!rs by spee*1 b balm1 by its odor4 because1 to wit1 ! apo/les 7 fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 z tea*]s ( ! ,fai?2 b ! re/ ( ! believ]s1 z do+ t :i* gives edification to ! fai?ful4 ,9 l mann]1 too1 :5 ! apo/les impos$ _! h&s1 & :5 !y prea*$1 ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ came d[n "u visible signs on ! fai?ful1 j z1 at ! beg9n+1 ,he came d[n on ! apo/les3 h5ce ,pet] said 7,acts #aa3ae73 ,:5 ,i _h begun to speak1 ! ,holy ,gho/ fell ^u !m1 z ^u u also 9 ! beg9n+4 ,consequ5tly !re 0 no ne$ = sacram5tal s5sible matt]1 :]e ,god s5t s5sible signs miracul\sly4 ,h[ev]1 ! apo/les commonly made use ( *rism 9 be/[+ ! sacram5t1 :5 su* l visible signs 7 lack+4 ,= ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iv73 ,!re is a c]ta9 p]fect+ op]ation :i* our guides1 i4e4 ! apo/les1 call ! sacrifice ( ,*rism4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,baptism is be/[$ t spiritual life may be receiv$ simply2 :]e=e simple matt] is fitt+ to x4 ,b ?is sacram5t is giv5 t we may receive ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,^: op]ations are manifold1 accord+ to ,wis4 #g3bb1 ,9 h] is ! ,holy ,_s 4 4 4 "o1 manifold2 & #a ,cor4 #ab3d1 ,!re are div]sities ( graces1 b ! same ,_s4 ,consequ5tly a comp\nd matt] is appropriate to ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^! prop]ties ( oil1 by reason ( :i* x symbolizes ! ,holy ,gho/1 are to be f\nd 9 olive oil r ?an 9 any o!r oil4 ,9 fact1 ! olive-tree itself1 ?r\gh be+ an ev]gre51 signifies ! refre%+ & m]ciful op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,moreov]1 ?is oil is call$ oil prop]ly1 & is v mu* 9 use1 :]ev] x is to be _h4 ,& :atev] o!r liquid is s call$1 d]ives its "n f its lik5ess to ?is oil3 nor are ! latt] commonly us$1 unless x be to supply ! want ( olive oil4 ,!re=e x is t ?is oil alone is us$ = ?is & c]ta9 o!r sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( absolute necessity2 & s its matt] %\ld be at h& ev]y:]e4 ,b x is en\gh t ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t1 :i* is n ( su* great necessity1 be easily s5t to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,x ,is ,ess5tial to ,?is ,sacram5t ,t ! ,*rism ,:i* ,is ,its ,matt] ,be ,previ\sly ,consecrat$ by a ,bi%op8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t x is n ess5tial to ?is sacram5t1 t ! *rism1 :i* is its matt]1 be previ\sly consecrat$ by a bi%op4 ,= ,baptism :i* be/[s full remission ( s9s is n less efficaci\s ?an ?is sacram5t4 ,b1 ?\gh ! baptismal wat] receives a k9d ( bless+ be=e be+ us$ = ,baptism2 yet ?is is n ess5tial to ! sacram5t3 s9ce 9 a case ( necessity x c be disp5s$ )4 ,!re=e nei!r is x ess5tial to ?is sacram5t t ! *rism %\ld be previ\sly consecrat$ by a bi%op4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! same %\ld n be consecrat$ twice4 ,b ! sacram5tal matt] is sanctifi$1 9 ! v conf]r+ ( ! sacram5t1 by ! =m ( words :]e9 ! sacram5t is be/[$2 h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx 9 ,joan473 ,! ^w is add$ to ! elem5t1 & ?is becomes a sacram5t4 ,!re=e ! *rism %\ld n be consecrat$ be=e ?is sacram5t is giv54 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 e consecration employ$ 9 ! sacram5ts is orda9$ to ! be/[al ( grace4 ,b ! s5sible matt] compos$ ( oil & balm is n receptive ( grace4 ,!re=e x %\ld n be consecrat$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,innoc5t ,i says 7,ep4 ad ,dec5t473 ,prie/s1 :5 baptiz+1 may ano9t ! baptiz$ ) *rism1 previ\sly consecrat$ by a bi%op3 b !y mu/ n sign ! br[ ) ! same oil2 ?is belongs to ! bi%op alone1 :5 he gives ! ,p>aclete4 ,n[ ?is is done 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e x is necess>y = ?is sacram5t t its matt] be previ\sly consecrat$ by a bi%op4 ,i answ] t1 ,! entire sanctification ( ! sacram5ts is d]iv$ f ,*ri/1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #c74 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t ,*ri/ did use c]ta9 sacram5ts hav+ a corporeal matt]1 viz4 ,baptism1 & also ! ,eu*>i/4 ,& consequ5tly1 f ,*ri/'s v act 9 us+ !m1 ! matt] ( ^! sacram5ts receiv$ a c]ta9 aptitude to ! p]fection ( ! sacram5t4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om 7,*romatius1 ,9 ,mat?4 #c3ae7 says t ! wat]s ( ,baptism c\ld nev] wa% away ! s9s ( believ]s1 _h !y n be5 sanctifi$ by contact ) our ,"l's body4 ,& aga91 our ,"l ,himself tak+ bread 4 4 4 bless$ 4 4 4 & 9 l mann] ! *alice 7,matt4 #bf3bf1 #bg2 ,luke #bb3ai1 #bj74 ,= ?is reason !re is no ne$ = ! matt] ( ^! sacram5ts to be bless$ previ\sly1 s9ce ,*ri/'s bless+ is en\gh4 ,& if any bless+ be us$1 x belongs to ! solemnity ( ! sacram5t1 n to its ess5ce4 ,b ,*ri/ did n make use ( visible ano9t+s1 s z n to slight ! invisible unction :]eby ,he 0 ano9t$ above ,8 fell[s 7,ps4 #dd3h74 ,& h5ce bo? *rism1 & ! holy oil1 & ! oil ( ! sick are bless$ be=e be+ put to sacram5tal use4 ,?is suffices = ! reply to ! ,fir/ ,objection4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ea* consecration ( ! *rism has n ! same object4 ,= j z an in/rum5t d]ives in/rum5tal p[] 9 two ways1 viz4 :5 x receives ! =m ( an in/rum5t1 & :5 x is mov$ by ! pr9cipal ag5t2 s too ! sacram5tal matt] ne$s a tw(old sanctification1 by "o ( :i* x becomes fit matt] = ! sacram5t1 :ile by ! o!r x is appli$ to ! production ( ! effect4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,corporeal matt] is receptive ( grace1 n s z to be ! subject ( grace1 b only z ! in/rum5t ( grace1 z expla9$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #c74 ,& ?is sacram5tal matt] is consecrat$1 ei!r by ,*ri/1 or by a bi%op1 :o1 9 ! ,*ur*1 imp]sonates ,*ri/4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,prop] ,=m ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,is3 ,i ,sign ,!e ) ! ,sign ( ! ,cross1 ,etc48 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! prop] =m ( ?is sacram5t is n3 ,i sign !e ) ! sign ( ! cross1 ,i confirm !e ) ! *rism ( salvation1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,am54 ,= ! use ( ! sacram5ts is d]iv$ f ,*ri/ & ! apo/les4 ,b nei!r did ,*ri/ in/itute ?is =m1 nor d we read ( ! apo/les mak+ use ( x4 ,!re=e x is n ! prop] =m ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 j z ! sacram5t is ! same ev]y:]e1 s %\ld ! =m be ! same3 because ev]y?+ has unity1 j z x has be+1 f its =m4 ,b ?is =m is n us$ by all3 = "s say3 ,i confirm !e ) ! *rism ( sanctification4 ,!re=e ! above is n ! prop] =m ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t %\ld be con=m$ to ,baptism1 z ! p]fect to ! ?+ p]fect$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ,obj4 #b74 ,b 9 ! =m ( ,baptism no m5tion is made ( sign+ ! "*2 nor aga9 ( ! cross ( ,*ri/1 ?\gh 9 ,baptism man dies ) ,*ri/1 z ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #f3c-h72 nor ( ! effect :i* is salvation1 ?\gh ,baptism is necess>y = salvation4 ,aga91 9 ! baptismal =m1 only "o action is includ$2 & ! p]son ( ! baptiz] is express$ 9 ! words3 ,i baptize !e1 :]eas ! contr>y is to be obs]v$ 9 ! above =m4 ,!re=e ?is is n ! prop] =m ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,is ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 :o always uses ?is =m4 ,i answ] t1 ,! above =m is appropriate to ?is sacram5t4 ,= j z ! =m ( a natural ?+ gives x its species1 s a sacram5tal =m %\ld conta9 :atev] belongs to ! species ( ! sacram5t4 ,n[ z is evid5t f :at has be5 already said 7,,aa4 #a1 #b71 9 ?is sacram5t ! ,holy ,gho/ is giv5 = /r5g? 9 ! spiritual combat4 ,:]e=e 9 ?is sacram5t ?ree ?+s are necess>y2 & !y are conta9$ 9 ! above =m4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! cause conf]r+ fulness ( spiritual /r5g? :i* cause is ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity3 & ?is is express$ 9 ! words1 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 etc4 ,! second is ! spiritual /r5g? itself be/[$ on man unto salvation by ! sacram5t ( visible matt]2 & ?is is ref]r$ to 9 ! words1 ,i confirm !e ) ! *rism ( salvation4 ,! ?ird is ! sign :i* is giv5 to ! combatant1 z 9 a bodily combat3 ?us are soldi]s m>k$ ) ! sign ( _! lead]s4 ,& to ?is ref] ! words1 ,i sign !e ) ! sign ( ! cross1 9 :i* sign1 to wit1 our ,k+ triumph$ 7cf4 ,col4 #b3ae74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ad #a71 sometimes ! effect ( ?is sacram5t1 i4e4 ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 0 giv5 ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( ! apo/les1 "u c]ta9 visible signs1 wr\ght miracul\sly by ,god1 ,:o c be/[ ! sacram5tal effect1 indep5d5tly ( ! sacram5t4 ,9 ^! cases !re 0 no ne$ = ei!r ! matt] or ! =m ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 sometimes !y be/[$ ?is sacram5t z m9i/]s ( ! sacram5ts4 ,& !n1 !y us$ bo? matt] & =m accord+ to ,*ri/'s comm&4 ,= ! apo/les1 9 conf]r+ ! sacram5ts1 obs]v$ _m ?+s :i* are n h&$ d[n 9 ^? ,scriptures t are 9 g5]al use4 ,h5ce ,dionysius says at ! end ( 8 treatise on ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi]>*y 7*ap4 vii73 ,x is n all[$ to expla9 9 writ+ ! pray]s :i* are us$ 9 ! sacram5ts1 & to publi% _! my/ical mean+1 or ! p[] :i*1 com+ f ,god1 gives !m _! efficacy2 we le>n ^! ?+s by holy tradition )\t any display199 i4e4 secretly4 99,! passage quot$ 9 ! text ( ! ,summa diff]s slightly f ! above1 :i* is translat$ directly f ! works ( ,dionysius4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le1 speak+ ( ! celebration ( ! ,eu*>i/1 writes 7#a ,cor4 #aa3cd73 ,! re/ ,i w set 9 ord]1 :5 ,i come4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,hol9ess is ! cause ( salvation4 ,!re=e x comes to ! same :e!r we say *rism ( salvation or ( sanctification4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,baptism is ! reg5]ation unto ! spiritual life1 :]eby man lives 9 himself4 ,& !re=e 9 ! baptismal =m t action alone is express$ :i* ref]s to ! man to be sanctifi$4 ,b ?is sacram5t is orda9$ n only to ! sanctification ( man 9 himself1 b also to /r5g!n him 9 8 outw>d combat4 ,consequ5tly n only is m5tion made ( int]ior sanctification1 9 ! words1 ,i confirm !e ) ! *rism ( salvation3 b fur!rmore man is sign$ outw>dly1 z x 7 ) ! /&>d ( ! cross1 unto ! outw>d spiritual combat2 & ?is is signifi$ by ! words1 ,i sign !e ) ! sign ( ! cross4 ,b 9 ! v ^w baptize1 :i* signifies to cleanse1 we c und]/& bo? ! matt]1 :i* is ! cleans+ wat]1 & ! effect1 :i* is salvation4 ,:]eas ^! are n und]/ood by ! ^w confirm2 & consequ5tly !y _h to be express$4 ,aga91 x has be5 said above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #e1 ad #a7 t ! pron\n ,i is n necess>y to ! ,baptismal =m1 because x is includ$ 9 ! fir/ p]son ( ! v]b4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 includ$ 9 ord] to express ! int5tion4 ,b ?is does n seem s necess>y 9 ,confirmation1 :i* is conf]r$ only by a m9i/] ( excell5ce1 z we %all /ate lat] on 7,a4 #aa74 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,sacram5t ( ,confirmation ,impr9ts a ,"*8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation does n impr9t a "*4 ,= a "* means a di/9ctive sign4 ,b a man is n di/+ui%$ f unbeliev]s by ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation1 = ?is is ! effect ( ,baptism2 nor f ! re/ ( ! fai?ful1 because ?is sacram5t is orda9$ to ! spiritual combat1 :i* is enjo9$ to all ! fai?ful4 ,!re=e a "* is n impr9t$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #b7 t a "* is a spiritual p[]4 ,n[ a p[] mu/ be ei!r active or passive4 ,b ! active p[] 9 ! sacram5ts is conf]r$ by ! sacram5t ( ord]3 :ile ! passive or receptive p[] is conf]r$ by ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e no "* is impr9t$ by ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 circumcision1 :i* is a "* ( ! body1 no spiritual "* is impr9t$4 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t a "* is impr9t$ on ! body1 :5 ! sign ( ! cross is sign$ ) *rism on man's br[4 ,!re=e a spiritual "* is n impr9t$ by ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,a "* is impr9t$ 9 e sacram5t t is n repeat$4 ,b ?is sacram5t is n repeat$3 = ,gregory ,,ii says 7,ep4 iv ad ,bonifac473 ,z to ! man :o 0 confirm$ a second "t by a bi%op1 su* a repetition mu/ be =bidd54 ,!re=e a "* is impr9t$ 9 ,confirmation4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #b71 a "* is a spiritual p[] orda9$ to c]ta9 sacr$ actions4 ,n[ x has be5 said above 7,a4 #a2 ,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #a7 t1 j z ,baptism is a spiritual reg5]ation unto ,*ri/ian life1 s also is ,confirmation a c]ta9 spiritual gr[? br++ man to p]fect spiritual age4 ,b x is evid5t1 f a comp>ison ) ! life ( ! body1 t ! action :i* is prop] to man imm$iately aft] bir?1 is diff]5t f ! action :i* is prop] to him :5 he has come to p]fect age4 ,& !re=e by ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation man is giv5 a spiritual p[] 9 respect ( sacr$ actions o!r ?an ^? 9 respect ( :i* he receives p[] 9 ,baptism4 ,= 9 ,baptism he receives p[] to d ^? ?+s :i* p]ta9 to 8 own salvation1 =asmu* z he lives to himself3 :]eas 9 ,confirmation he receives p[] to d ^? ?+s :i* p]ta9 to ! spiritual combat ) ! enemies ( ! ,fai?4 ,?is is evid5t f ! example ( ! apo/les1 :o1 be=e !y receiv$ ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 7 9 ! upp] room 4 4 4 p]sev]+ 4 4 4 9 pray] 7,acts #a3ac1 #ad72 :]eas aft]w>ds !y w5t out & fe>$ n to confess _! fai? 9 public1 ev5 9 ! face ( ! enemies ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,& !re=e x is evid5t t a "* is impr9t$ 9 ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,all h to wage ! spiritual combat ) our invisible enemies4 ,b to fight aga9/ visible foes1 viz4 aga9/ ! p]secutors ( ! ,fai?1 by confess+ ,*ri/'s "n1 belongs to ! confirm$1 :o h already come spiritually to ! age ( virility1 accord+ to #a ,john #b3ad3 ,i write unto y1 "y m51 because y are /rong1 & ! ^w ( ,god abide? 9 y1 & y h ov]come ! wick$ "o4 ,& !re=e ! "* ( ,confirmation is a di/9ctive sign1 n betwe5 unbeliev]s & believ]s1 b betwe5 ^? :o are gr[n up spiritually & ^? ( :om x is writt53 ,z new-born babes 7#a ,pet4 #b3b74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,all ! sacram5ts are prote/ations ( fai?4 ,!re=e j z he :o is baptiz$ receives ! p[] ( te/ify+ to 8 fai? by receiv+ ! o!r sacram5ts2 s he :o is confirm$ receives ! p[] ( publicly confess+ 8 fai? by words1 z x 7 ex (ficio4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law are call$ ju/ice ( ! fle% 7,heb4 #i3aj7 because1 to wit1 !y wr\ght no?+ inw>dly4 ,consequ5tly 9 circumcision a "* 0 impr9t$ 9 ! body only1 b n 9 ! s\l4 ,b 9 ,confirmation1 s9ce x is a sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law1 a spiritual "* is impr9t$ at ! same "t1 toge!r ) ! bodily "*4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,"* ( ,confirmation ,presupposes ( ,necessity1 ! ,baptismal ,"*8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! "* ( ,confirmation does n presuppose1 ( necessity1 ! baptismal "*4 ,= ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation is orda9$ to ! public confession ( ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/4 ,b _m1 ev5 be=e ,baptism1 h publicly confess$ ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/ by %$d+ _! blood = ! ,fai?4 ,!re=e ! "* ( ,confirmation does n presuppose ! baptismal "*4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is n relat$ ( ! apo/les t !y 7 baptiz$2 especially1 s9ce x is writt5 7,john #d3b7 t ,*ri/ ,himself did n baptize1 b ,8 disciples4 ,yet aft]w>ds !y 7 confirm$ by ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e1 9 l mann]1 o!rs c be confirm$ be=e be+ baptiz$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,acts #aj3dd-dh7 t :ile ,pet] 0 yet speak+ 4 4 4 ! ,holy ,gho/ fell on all !m t he>d ! ^w 4 4 4 & ,vulg43 '=' !y he>d !m speak+ ) tongues3 & aft]w>ds he comm&$ !m to be baptiz$4 ,!re=e o!rs ) equal reason c be confirm$ be=e be+ baptiz$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,rabanus says 7,de ,in/it4 ,cl]ic4 i73 ,la/ly ! ,p>aclete is giv5 to ! baptiz$ by ! imposition ( ! high prie/'s h&s1 9 ord] t ! baptiz$ may be /r5g!n$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ s z to publi% 8 fai?4 ,i answ] t1 ,! "* ( ,confirmation1 ( necessity supposes ! baptismal "*3 s t1 9 effect1 if "o :o is n baptiz$ 7 to be confirm$1 he w\ld receive no?+1 b w\ld h to be confirm$ aga9 aft] receiv+ ,baptism4 ,! reason ( ?is is t1 ,confirmation is to ,baptism z gr[? to bir?1 z is evid5t f :at has be5 said above 7,a4 #a2 ,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #a74 ,n[ x is cle> t no "o c be br\ght to p]fect age unless he be fir/ born3 & 9 l mann]1 unless a man be fir/ baptiz$1 he _c receive ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,div9e p[] is n conf9$ to ! sacram5ts4 ,h5ce man c receive spiritual /r5g? to confess ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/ publicly1 )\t receiv+ ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation3 j z he c also receive remission ( s9s )\t ,baptism4 ,yet1 j z none receive ! effect ( ,baptism )\t ! desire ( ,baptism2 s none receive ! effect ( ,confirmation1 )\t ! desire ( ,confirmation4 ,& man c h ?is ev5 be=e receiv+ ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 cclxv71 f our ,"l's words1 ',he t is wa%$1 ne$e? n b to wa% 8 feet' 7,john #ac3aj71 we ga!r t ,pet] & ,*ri/'s o!r disciples _h be5 baptiz$1 ei!r ) ,john's ,baptism1 z "s ?9k2 or ) ,*ri/'s1 :i* is m cr$ible4 ,= ,he did n refuse to adm9i/] ,baptism1 s z to h s]vants by :om to baptize o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^? :o he>d ! prea*+ ( ,pet] receiv$ ! effect ( ,confirmation miracul\sly3 b n ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation4 ,n[ x has be5 /at$ 7ad #a7 t ! effect ( ,confirmation c be be/[$ on man be=e ,baptism1 :]eas ! sacram5t _c4 ,= j z ! effect ( ,confirmation1 :i* is spiritual /r5g?1 presupposes ! effect ( ,baptism1 :i* is ju/ification1 s ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation presupposes ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,sanctify+ ,grace ,is ,be/[$ 9 ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t sanctify+ grace is n be/[$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,= sanctify+ grace is orda9$ aga9/ s94 ,b ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #f7 is giv5 only to ! baptiz$1 :o are cleans$ f s94 ,!re=e sanctify+ grace is n be/[$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 s9n]s especially ne$ sanctify+ grace1 by :i* alone c !y be ju/ifi$4 ,if1 !re=e1 sanctify+ grace is be/[$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 x seems t x %\ld be giv5 to ^? :o are 9 s94 ,& yet ?is is n true4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !re c only be "o species ( sanctify+ grace1 s9ce x is orda9$ to "o effect4 ,b two =ms ( ! same species _c be 9 ! same subject4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 man receives sanctify+ grace 9 ,baptism1 x seems t sanctify+ grace is n be/[$ 9 ,confirmation1 :i* is giv5 to none b ! baptiz$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,mel*iades says 7,ep4 ad ,episc4 ,hispan473 ,! ,holy ,gho/ be/[s at ! font ! fulness ( innoc5ce2 b 9 ,confirmation ,he conf]s an increase ( grace4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #d71 ! ,holy ,gho/ is giv5 to ! baptiz$ = /r5g?3 j z ,he 0 giv5 to ! apo/les on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 z we read 9 ,acts #b2 & j z ,he 0 giv5 to ! baptiz$ by ! imposition ( ! apo/les' h&s1 z relat$ 9 ,acts #h3ag4 ,n[ x has be5 prov$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #dc1 ,a4 #c7 t ! ,holy ,gho/ is n s5t or giv5 except ) sanctify+ grace4 ,consequ5tly x is evid5t t sanctify+ grace is be/[$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,sanctify+ grace does inde$ take away s92 b x has o!r effects also1 because x suffices to c>ry man ?r\gh e /ep z f> z et]nal life4 ,h5ce to ,paul 0 x said 7#b ,cor4 #ab3i73 ,my grace is suffici5t = !e3 & he says ( himself 7#a ,cor4 #ae3aj73 ,by ! grace ( ,god ,i am :at ,i am4 ,!re=e sanctify+ grace is giv5 n only = ! remission ( s91 b also = gr[? & /ability 9 righte\sness4 ,& ?us is x be/[$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z appe>s f its v "n1 ?is sacram5t is giv5 9 ord] to confirm :at x f9ds already !re4 ,& consequ5tly x %\ld n be giv5 to ^? :o are n 9 a /ate ( grace4 ,= ?is reason1 j z x is n giv5 to ! unbaptiz$1 s nei!r %\ld x be giv5 to ! adult s9n]s1 except !y be re/or$ by ,p5ance4 ,:]e=e 0 x decre$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,orleans 7,c4 iii7 t m5 %\ld come to ,confirmation fa/+2 & %\ld be admoni%$ to confess _! s9s fir/1 s t be+ cleans$ !y may be able to receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& !n ?is sacram5t p]fects ! effects ( ,p5ance1 z ( ,baptism3 because by ! grace :i* he has receiv$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 ! p5it5t w obta9 full] remission ( 8 s94 ,& if any adult approa*1 be+ 9 a /ate ( s9 ( :i* he is n consci\s or = :i* he is n p]fectly contrite1 he w receive ! remission ( 8 s9s ?r\gh ! grace be/[$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #b71 ! sacram5tal grace adds to ! sanctify+ grace tak5 9 its wide s5se1 some?+ t produces a special effect1 & to :i* ! sacram5t is orda9$4 ,if1 !n1 we consid]1 9 its wide s5se1 ! grace be/[$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 x does n diff] f t be/[$ 9 ,baptism1 b increases :at 0 already !re4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we consid] x z to t :i* is add$ ov] & above1 !n "o diff]s 9 species f ! o!r4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,?is ,sacram5t ,%\ld ,be ,giv5 to ,all8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is sacram5t %\ld n be giv5 to all4 ,= ?is sacram5t is giv5 9 ord] to conf] a c]ta9 excell5ce1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #aa1 ad #b74 ,b all are n suit$ = t :i* belongs to excell5ce4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t %\ld n be giv5 to all4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by ?is sacram5t man advances spiritually to p]fect age4 ,b p]fect age is inconsi/5t ) *ildhood4 ,!re=e at lea/ x %\ld n be giv5 to *ildr54 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,pope ,mel*iades says 7,ep4 ad ,episc4 ,hispan47 aft] ,baptism we are /r5g!n$ = ! combat4 ,b wom5 are incompet5t to combat1 by reason ( ! frailty ( _! sex4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld wom5 receive ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,pope ,mel*iades says 7,ep4 ad ,episc4 ,hispan473 ,al?\gh ! b5efit ( ,reg5]ation suffices = ^? :o are on ! po9t ( dea?1 yet ! graces ( ,confirmation are necess>y = ^? :o are to conqu]4 ,confirmation arms & /r5g!ns ^? to :om ! /ruggles & combats ( ?is _w are res]v$4 ,& he :o comes to die1 hav+ kept unsulli$ ! innoc5ce he acquir$ 9 ,baptism1 is confirm$ by dea?2 = aft] dea? he c s9 no m4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t %\ld n be giv5 to ^? :o are on ! po9t ( dea?3 & s x %\ld n be giv5 to all4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,acts #b3b7 t ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 com+1 fill$ ! :ole h\se1 :]eby ! ,*ur* is signifi$2 & aft]w>ds x is add$ t !y 7 all fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b ?is sacram5t is giv5 t we may receive t fulness4 ,!re=e x %\ld be giv5 to all :o belong to ! ,*ur*4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 man is spiritually advanc$ by ?is sacram5t to p]fect age4 ,n[ ! int5tion ( nature is t ev]yone born corporally1 %\ld come to p]fect age3 yet ?is is sometimes h9d]$ by reason ( ! corruptibility ( ! body1 :i* is =e/all$ by dea?4 ,b mu* m is x ,god's int5tion to br+ all ?+s to p]fection1 s9ce nature %>es 9 ?is int5tion inasmu* z x reflects ,him3 h5ce x is writt5 7,deut4 #cb3d73 ,! works ( ,god are p]fect4 ,n[ ! s\l1 to :i* spiritual bir? & p]fect spiritual age belong1 is immortal2 & j z x c 9 old age atta9 to spiritual bir?1 s c x atta9 to p]fect 7spiritual7 age 9 y\? or *ildhood2 because ! v>i\s ages ( ! body d n affect ! s\l4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t %\ld be giv5 to all4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is sacram5t is giv5 9 ord] to conf] a c]ta9 excell5ce1 n inde$1 l ! sacram5t ( ord]1 ( "o man ov] ano!r1 b ( man 9 reg>d to himself3 ?us ! same man1 :5 arriv$ at maturity1 excels himself z he 0 :5 a boy4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ above1 ! age ( ! body does n affect ! s\l4 ,consequ5tly ev5 9 *ildhood man c atta9 to ! p]fection ( spiritual age1 ( :i* x is writt5 7,wis4 #d3h73 ,v5]able old age is n t ( long "t1 nor c\nt$ by ! numb] ( ye>s4 ,& h5ce x is t _m *ildr51 by reason ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,holy ,gho/ :i* !y _h receiv$1 f\ght bravely = ,*ri/ ev5 to ! %$d+ ( _! blood4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 i ,de ,ma*ab471 9 e>?ly conte/s fitness ( age1 physique & rank are requir$2 & consequ5tly slaves1 wom51 old m51 & boys are deb>r$ f tak+ "p !re94 ,b 9 ! heav5ly combats1 ! ,/adium is op5 equally to all1 to e age1 & to ei!r sex4 ,aga91 he says 7,hom4 de ,militia ,_s473 ,9 ,god's eyes ev5 wom5 fight1 = _m a woman has wag$ ! spiritual w>f>e ) ! c\rage ( a man4 ,= "s h rival$ m5 9 ! c\rage ) :i* !y h suff]$ m>tyrdom2 & "s inde$ h %[n !mselves /rong] ?an m54 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t %\ld be giv5 to wom54 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z we h already obs]v$1 ! s\l1 to :i* spiritual age belongs1 is immortal4 ,:]e=e ?is sacram5t %\ld be giv5 to ^? on ! po9t ( dea?1 t !y may be se5 to be p]fect at ! resurrection1 accord+ to ,eph4 #d3ac3 ,until we all meet into ! unity ( fai? 4 4 4 unto ! measure ( ! age ( ! fulness ( ,*ri/4 ,& h5ce ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor says 7,de ,sacram4 ii71 ,x w\ld be altoge!r haz>d\s1 if anyone happ5$ to g =? f ?is life )\t be+ confirm$3 n t su* a "o w\ld be lo/1 except p]haps ?r\gh contempt2 b t ?is w\ld be detrim5tal to 8 p]fection4 ,& !re=e ev5 *ildr5 dy+ aft] ,confirmation obta9 great] glory1 j z "h bel[ !y receive m grace4 ,! passage quot$ is to be tak5 9 ! s5se t1 ) reg>d to ! dang]s ( ! pres5t combat1 ^? :o are on ! po9t ( dea? d n ne$ ?is sacram5t4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,?is ,sacram5t ,%\ld ,be ,giv5 to ,man on ! ,=ehead8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is sacram5t %\ld n be giv5 to man on ! =ehead4 ,= ?is sacram5t p]fects ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,b ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is giv5 to man ov] 8 :ole body4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t %\ld n be giv5 on ! =ehead only4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is giv5 = spiritual /r5g?1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b1 #d74 ,b spiritual /r5g? is situat$ pr9cipally 9 ! he>t4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t %\ld be giv5 ov] ! he>t r ?an on ! =ehead4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is giv5 to man t he may freely confess ! fai? ( ,*ri/4 ,b ) ! m\?1 confession is made unto salvation1 accord+ to ,rom4 #aj3aj4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t %\ld be giv5 ab\t ! m\? r ?an on ! =ehead4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,rabanus says 7,de ,in/it4 ,cl]ic4 i73 ,! baptiz$ is sign$ by ! prie/ ) *rism on ! top ( ! head1 b by ! bi%op on ! =ehead4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #d71 9 ?is sacram5t man receives ! ,holy ,gho/ = /r5g? 9 ! spiritual combat1 t he may bravely confess ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/ ev5 9 face ( ! enemies ( t ,fai?4 ,:]e=e he is fitt+ly sign$ ) ! sign ( ! cross on ! =ehead1 ) *rism1 = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because he is sign$ ) ! sign ( ! cross1 z a soldi] ) ! sign ( 8 lead]1 :i* %\ld be evid5t & manife/4 ,n[1 ! =ehead1 :i* is h>dly ev] cov]$1 is ! mo/ conspicu\s "p ( ! human body4 ,:]e=e ! confirm$ is ano9t$ ) *rism on ! =ehead1 t he may %[ publicly t he is a ,*ri/ian3 ?us too ! apo/les aft] receiv+ ! ,holy ,gho/ %[$ !mselves 9 public1 :]eas be=e !y rema9$ hidd5 9 ! upp] room4 ,secondly1 because man is h9d]$ f freely confess+ ,*ri/'s "n1 by two ?+s--by fe> & by %ame4 ,n[ bo? ^! ?+s betray !mselves pr9cipally on ! =ehead on acc\nt ( ! proximity ( ! imag9ation1 & because ! 7vital7 spirits m\nt directly f ! he>t to ! =ehead3 h5ce ^? :o are a%am$1 blu%1 & ^? :o are afraid1 pale 7,e?ic4 iv74 ,& !re=e man is sign$ ) *rism1 t nei!r fe> nor %ame may h9d] him f confess+ ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,by baptism we are reg5]at$ unto spiritual life1 :i* belongs to ! :ole man4 ,b 9 ,confirmation we are /r5g!n$ = ! combat2 ! sign ( :i* %\ld be borne on ! =ehead1 z 9 a conspicu\s place4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! pr9ciple ( =titude is 9 ! he>t1 b its sign appe>s on ! =ehead3 :]e=e x is writt5 7,eze*4 #c3h73 ,behold ,i h made 4 4 4 ?y =ehead h>d] ?an _! =eheads4 ,h5ce ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :]eby man is confirm$ 9 himself1 belongs to ! he>t1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ajc3ae3 ,t bread may /r5g!n man's he>t4 ,b ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation is requir$ z a sign ( =titude aga9/ o!rs2 & = ?is reason x is giv5 on ! =ehead4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is sacram5t is giv5 t we may confess freely3 b n t we may confess simply1 = ?is is also ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,& !re=e x %\ld n be giv5 on ! m\?1 b on ! =ehead1 :]e appe> ! signs ( ^? passions :i* h9d] free confession4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ,he ,:o ,is ,confirm$ ,ne$s ,"o to ,/&99 = ,him8 99,lit]ally1 to hold him ,objection #a3 ,x seems t he :o is confirm$ ne$s no "o to /& = him4 ,= ?is sacram5t is giv5 n only to *ildr5 b also to adults4 ,b adults c /& = !mselves4 ,!re=e x is absurd t someone else %\ld /& = !m4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 he t belongs already to ! ,*ur*1 has free access to ! pr9ce ( ! ,*ur*1 i4e4 ! bi%op4 ,b ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #f71 is giv5 only to "o t is baptiz$1 :o is already a memb] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!re=e x seems t he %\ld n be br\ght by ano!r to ! bi%op 9 ord] to receive ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is giv5 = spiritual /r5g?1 :i* has m vigor 9 m5 ?an 9 wom51 accord+ to ,prov4 #ca3aj3 ,:o %all f9d a valiant woman8 ,!re=e at lea/ a woman %\ld n /& = a man 9 confirmation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,are ! foll[+ words ( ,pope ,innoc5t1 :i* are to be f\nd 9 ! ,decretals 7,,xxx1 ,q4 #d73 ,if anyone raise ! *ildr5 ( ano!r's m>riage f ! sacr$ font1 or /& = !m 9 ,confirmation1 etc4 ,!re=e1 j z someone is requir$ z sponsor ( "o :o is baptiz$1 s is someone requir$ to /& = him :o is to be confirm$4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #d1 #i71 ?is sacram5t is giv5 to man = /r5g? 9 ! spiritual combat4 ,n[1 j z "o newly born requires someone to tea* him ?+s p]ta9+ to ord9>y conduct1 accord+ to ,heb4 #ab3i3 ,we h _h fa!rs ( our fle%1 = in/ructors1 & we obey$ ,vulg43 'rev]5c$' !m2 s !y :o are *os5 = ! fight ne$ in/ructors by :om !y are in=m$ ( ?+s conc]n+ ! conduct ( ! battle1 & h5ce 9 e>?ly w>s1 g5]als & capta9s are appo9t$ to ! comm& ( ! o!rs4 ,= ?is reason he also :o receives ?is sacram5t1 has someone to /& = him1 :o1 z x 71 has to in/ruct him conc]n+ ! fight4 ,likewise1 s9ce ?is sacram5t be/[s on man ! p]fection ( spiritual age1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #b1 #e71 !re=e he :o approa*es ?is sacram5t is upheld by ano!r1 z be+ spiritually a weakl+ & a *ild4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh he :o is confirm$1 be adult 9 body1 nev]!less he is n yet spiritually adult4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?\gh he :o is baptiz$ is made a memb] ( ! ,*ur*1 nev]!less he is n yet enroll$ z a ,*ri/ian soldi]4 ,& !re=e he is br\ght to ! bi%op1 z to ! comm&] ( ! army1 by "o :o is already enroll$ z a ,*ri/ian soldi]4 ,= "o :o is n yet confirm$ %\ld n /& = ano!r 9 ,confirmation4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accord+ to ,col4 #c 997,gal4 #c3bh71 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus !re is nei!r male nor female4 ,consequ5tly x matt]s n :e!r a man or a woman /& = "o :o is to be confirm$4 ,,elev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #aa ,:e!r ,only a ,bi%op ,c ,conf] ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t n only a bi%op c conf] ?is sacram5t4 ,= ,gregory 7,regi/4 iv71 writ+ to ,bi%op ,janu>ius1 says3 ,we he> t "s 7 sc&aliz$ because we =bade prie/s to ano9t ) *rism ^? :o h be5 baptiz$4 ,yet 9 do+ ?is we foll[$ ! anci5t cu/om ( our ,*ur*3 b if ?is tr\ble "s s v mu* we p]mit prie/s1 :]e no bi%op is to be _h1 to ano9t ! baptiz$ on ! =ehead ) *rism4 ,b t :i* is ess5tial to ! sacram5ts %\ld n be *ang$ = ! purpose ( avoid+ sc&al4 ,!re=e x seems t x is n ess5tial to ?is sacram5t t x be conf]r$ by a bi%op4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism seems to be m efficaci\s ?an ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation3 s9ce x be/[s full remission ( s9s1 bo? z to guilt & z to puni%m5t1 :]eas ?is sacram5t does n4 ,b a simple prie/1 9 virtue ( 8 (fice1 c give ! sacram5t ( ,baptism3 & 9 a case ( necessity anyone1 ev5 )\t ord]s1 c baptize4 ,!re=e x is n ess5tial to ?is sacram5t t x be conf]r$ by a bi%op4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! top ( ! head1 :]e accord+ to m$ical m5 ! reason is situat$ 7i4e4 ! p>ticul> reason1 :i* is call$ ! cogitative faculty71 is m noble ?an ! =ehead1 :i* is ! site ( ! imag9ation4 ,b a simple prie/ c ano9t ! baptiz$ ) *rism on ! top ( ! head4 ,!re=e mu* m c he ano9t !m ) *rism on ! =ehead1 :i* belongs to ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,eusebius 7,ep4 iii ad ,ep4 ,tusc47 says3 ,! sacram5t ( ! imposition ( ! h& %\ld be held 9 great v5]ation1 & c be giv5 by none b ! high prie/s4 ,nor is x relat$ or kn[n to h be5 conf]r$ 9 apo/olic times by o!rs ?an ! apo/les !mselves2 nor c x ev] be ei!r licitly or validly p]=m$ by o!rs ?an ^? :o /& 9 _! place4 ,& if anyone presume to d o!rwise1 x mu/ be consid]$ null & void2 nor w su* a ?+ ev] be c\nt$ among ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!re=e x is ess5tial to ?is sacram5t1 :i* is call$ ! sacram5t ( ! imposition ( ! h&1 t x be giv5 by a bi%op4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 e "w ! f9al completion is res]v$ to ! supreme act or p[]2 ?us ! prep>ation ( ! matt] belongs to ! l[] craftsm51 ! high] gives ! =m1 b ! highe/ ( all is he to :om p]ta9s ! use1 :i* is ! end ( ?+s made by art2 ?us also ! lett] :i* is writt5 by ! cl]k1 is sign$ by 8 employ]4 ,n[ ! fai?ful ( ,*ri/ are a ,div9e "w1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #c3i3 ,y are ,god's build+2 & !y are also an epi/le1 z x 71 writt5 ) ! ,_s ( ,god1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #c3b1 #c4 ,& ?is sacram5t ( ,confirmation is1 z x 71 ! f9al completion ( ! sacram5t ( ,baptism2 9 ! s5se t by ,baptism man is built up into a spiritual dwell+1 & is writt5 l a spiritual lett]2 :]eas by ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation1 l a h\se already built1 he is consecrat$ z a temple ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & z a lett] already writt51 is sign$ ) ! sign ( ! cross4 ,!re=e ! conf]r+ ( ?is sacram5t is res]v$ to bi%ops1 :o possess supreme p[] 9 ! ,*ur*3 j z 9 ! primitive ,*ur*1 ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 giv5 by ! apo/les1 9 ^: place ! bi%ops /& 7,acts #h74 ,h5ce ,pope ,urban ,i says3 ,all ! fai?ful %\ld1 aft] ,baptism1 receive ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! imposition ( ! bi%op's h&1 t !y may become p]fect ,*ri/ians4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ,pope has ! pl5itude ( p[] 9 ! ,*ur*1 9 virtue ( :i* he c commit to c]ta9 l[] ord]s ?+s t belong to ! high] ord]s3 ?us he all[s prie/s to conf] m9or ord]s1 :i* belong to ! episcopal p[]4 ,& 9 virtue ( ?is fulness ( p[] ! ,pope1 ,bless$ ,gregory1 all[$ simple prie/s to conf] ?is sacram5t1 s long z ! sc&al 0 end$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! sacram5t ( ,baptism is m efficaci\s ?an ?is sacram5t z to ! removal ( evil1 s9ce x is a spiritual bir?1 t consi/s 9 *ange f non-be+ to be+4 ,b ?is sacram5t is m efficaci\s = progress 9 good2 s9ce x is a spiritual gr[? f imp]fect be+ to p]fect be+4 ,& h5ce ?is sacram5t is committ$ to a m wor?y m9i/]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,rabanus says 7,de ,in/it4 ,cl]ic4 i71 ! baptiz$ is sign$ by ! prie/ ) *rism on ! top ( ! head1 b by ! bi%op on ! =ehead2 t ! =m] unction may symbolize ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ on him1 9 ord] to consecrate a dwell+ to ,god3 & t ! second also may tea* u t ! sev5fold grace ( ! same ,holy ,gho/ desc5ds on man ) all fulness ( sanctity1 k & virtue4 ,h5ce ?is unction is res]v$ to bi%ops1 n on acc\nt ( its be+ appli$ to a m wor?y "p ( ! body1 b by reason ( its hav+ a m p[]ful effect4 ,,twelf? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,art4 #ab ,:e!r ! ,rite ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,is ,appropriate8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! rite ( ?is sacram5t is n appropriate4 ,= ! sacram5t ( ,baptism is ( great] necessity ?an ?is1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ad #d2 ,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,b c]ta9 seasons are fix$ = ,baptism1 viz4 ,ea/] & ,p5teco/4 ,!re=e "s fix$ "t ( ! ye> %\ld be *os5 = ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 j z ?is sacram5t requires devotion bo? 9 ! giv] & 9 ! receiv]1 s also does ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,b 9 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism x is n necess>y t x %\ld be receiv$ or giv5 fa/+4 ,!re=e x seems unfitt+ = ! ,c\ncil ( ,orleans to decl>e t ^? :o come to ,confirmation %\ld be fa/+2 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,meaux1 t bi%ops %\ld n give ! ,holy ,gho/ ) imposition ( ! h& except !y be fa/+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 *rism is a sign ( ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,b ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 giv5 to ,*ri/'s fai?ful on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 z relat$ 9 ,acts #b3a4 ,!re=e ! *rism %\ld be mix$ & bless$ on ! day ( ,p5teco/ r ?an on ,maundy ,?ursday4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,is ! use ( ! ,*ur*1 :o is gov]n$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,i answ] t1 ,our ,"l promis$ ,8 fai?ful 7,matt4 #ah3bj7 say+3 ,:]e !re are two or ?ree ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,my "n1 !re am ,i 9 ! mid/ ( !m4 ,& !re=e we mu/ hold firmly t ! ,*ur*'s ord9ations are direct$ by ! wisdom ( ,*ri/4 ,& = ?is reason we mu/ look ^u x z c]ta9 t ! rite obs]v$ by ! ,*ur*1 9 ?is & ! o!r sacram5ts1 is appropriate4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,pope ,mel*iades says 7,ep4 ad ,epis4 ,hispan471 ^! two sacram5ts1 viz4 ,baptism & ,confirmation1 are s closely connect$ t !y c n[ise be sep>at$ save by dea? int]v5+1 nor c "o be duly celebrat$ )\t ! o!r4 ,consequ5tly ! same seasons are fix$ = ! solemn celebration ( ,baptism & ( ?is sacram5t4 ,b s9ce ?is sacram5t is giv5 only by bi%ops1 :o are n always pres5t :]e prie/s are baptiz+1 x 0 necess>y1 z reg>ds ! common use1 to def] ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation to o!r seasons also4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! sick & ^? 9 dang] ( dea? are exempt f ?is prohibition1 z we read 9 ! decree ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,meaux4 ,& !re=e1 on acc\nt ( ! multitude ( ! fai?ful1 & on acc\nt ( imm95t dang]s1 x is all[$ = ?is sacram5t1 :i* c be giv5 by none b a bi%op1 to be giv5 or receiv$ ev5 by ^? :o are n fa/+3 s9ce "o bi%op1 especially 9 a l>ge diocese1 w\ld n suffice to confirm all1 if he 7 conf9$ to c]ta9 times4 ,b :]e x c be done conv5i5tly1 x is m becom+ t bo? giv] & receiv] %\ld be fa/+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accord+ to ! acts ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,pope ,m>t91 x 0 lawful at all times to prep>e ! *rism4 ,b s9ce solemn ,baptism1 = :i* *rism has to be us$1 is celebrat$ on ,ea/] ,eve1 x 0 rightly decre$1 t *rism %\ld be consecrat$ by ! bi%op two days be=eh&1 t x may be s5t to ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! diocese4 ,moreov]1 ?is day is suffici5tly appropriate to ! bless+ ( sacram5tal matt]1 s9ce !reon 0 ! ,eu*>i/ in/itut$1 to :i*1 9 a c]ta9 way1 all ! o!r sacram5ts are orda9$1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #c74 ,,"q #gc ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,( ,,! ,,eu*>i/ 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/2 & fir/ ( all we treat ( ! sacram5t itself2 secondly1 ( its matt]2 ?irdly1 ( its =m2 f\r?ly1 ( its effects2 fif?ly1 ( ! recipi5ts ( ?is sacram5t2 six?ly1 ( ! m9i/]2 sev5?ly1 ( ! rite4 ,"u ! fir/ head+ !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! ,eu*>i/ is a sacram5t8 7#b7 ,:e!r x is "o or sev]al sacram5ts8 7#c7 ,:e!r x is necess>y = salvation8 7#d7 ,its names2 7#e7 ,its in/itution2 7#f7 ,its figures4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,eu*>i/ ,is a ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! ,eu*>i/ is n a sacram5t4 ,= two sacram5ts ought n to be orda9$ = ! same end1 because e sacram5t is efficaci\s 9 produc+ its effect4 ,!re=e1 s9ce bo? ,confirmation & ! ,eu*>i/ are orda9$ = p]fection1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iv71 x seems t ! ,eu*>i/ is n a sacram5t1 s9ce ,confirmation is "o1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #gb1 ,a4 #a74 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 e sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law1 t :i* comes visibly "u our s5ses causes ! invisible effect ( ! sacram5t1 j z cleans+ ) wat] causes ! baptismal "* & spiritual cleans+1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #f2 ,q4 #ff1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c1 #g74 ,b ! species ( bread & w9e1 :i* are ! objects ( our s5ses 9 ?is sacram5t1 nei!r produce ,*ri/'s true body1 :i* is bo? reality & sacram5t1 nor ,8 my/ical body1 :i* is ! reality only 9 ! ,eu*>i/4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ! ,eu*>i/ is n a sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law1 z hav+ matt]1 are p]fect$ by ! use ( ! matt]1 z ,baptism is by ablution1 & ,confirmation by sign+ ) *rism4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,eu*>i/ be a sacram5t1 x w\ld be p]fect$ by ! use ( ! matt]1 & n by its consecration4 ,b ?is is manife/ly false1 because ! words spok5 9 ! consecration ( ! matt] are ! =m ( ?is sacram5t1 z w be %[n lat] on 7,q4 #gh1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e ! ,eu*>i/ is n a sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said 9 ! ,collect 99,po/communion pro vivis et defunctis3 ,may ?is ,?y ,sacram5t n make u des]v+ ( puni%m5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,! ,*ur*'s sacram5ts are orda9$ = help+ man 9 ! spiritual life4 ,b ! spiritual life is analog\s to ! corporeal1 s9ce corporeal ?+s be> a resemblance to spiritual4 ,n[ x is cle> t j z g5]ation is requir$ = corporeal life1 s9ce !reby man receives life2 & gr[?1 :]eby man is br\ght to maturity3 s likewise food is requir$ = ! pres]vation ( life4 ,consequ5tly1 j z = ! spiritual life !re _h to be ,baptism1 :i* is spiritual g5]ation2 & ,confirmation1 :i* is spiritual gr[?3 s !re ne$$ to be ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* is spiritual food4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,p]fection is tw(old4 ,! fir/ lies )9 man himself2 & he atta9s x by gr[?3 su* p]fection belongs to ,confirmation4 ,! o!r is ! p]fection :i* comes to man f ! addition ( food1 or clo?+1 or some?+ ( ! k9d2 & su* is ! p]fection befitt+ ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* is ! spiritual refre%m5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! wat] ( ,baptism does n cause any spiritual effect by reason ( ! wat]1 b by reason ( ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i* p[] is 9 ! wat]4 ,h5ce on ,john #e3d1 ,an angel ( ! ,"l at c]ta9 times1 etc41 ,*ryso/om obs]ves3 ,! wat] does n act simply z su* ^u ! baptiz$1 b :5 x receives ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 !n x looses all s9s4 ,b ! true body ( ,*ri/ be>s ! same relation to ! species ( ! bread & w9e1 z ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/ does to ! wat] ( ,baptism3 h5ce ! species ( ! bread & w9e produce no effect except f ! virtue ( ,*ri/'s true body4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a sacram5t is s t]m$ because x conta9s some?+ sacr$4 ,n[ a ?+ c be /yl$ sacr$ f two causes2 ei!r absolutely1 or 9 relation to some?+ else4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,eu*>i/ & o!r sacram5ts hav+ s5sible matt] is t :]eas ! ,eu*>i/ conta9s some?+ :i* is sacr$ absolutely1 namely1 ,*ri/'s own body2 ! baptismal wat] conta9s some?+ :i* is sacr$ 9 relation to some?+ else1 namely1 ! sanctify+ p[]3 & ! same holds good ( *rism & su* l4 ,consequ5tly1 ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ is complet$ 9 ! v consecration ( ! matt]1 :]eas ! o!r sacram5ts are complet$ 9 ! application ( ! matt] = ! sanctify+ ( ! individual4 ,& f ?is foll[s ano!r diff]5ce4 ,=1 9 ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :at is bo? reality & sacram5t is 9 ! matt] itself1 b :at is reality only1 namely1 ! grace be/[$1 is 9 ! recipi5t2 :]eas 9 ,baptism bo? are 9 ! recipi5t1 namely1 ! "*1 :i* is bo? reality & sacram5t1 & ! grace ( p>don ( s9s1 :i* is reality only4 ,& ! same holds good ( ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,eu*>i/ ,is ,"o ,sacram5t or ,sev]al8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! ,eu*>i/ is n "o sacram5t b sev]al1 because x is said 9 ! ,collect 99,po/communion pro vivis et defunctis3 ,may ! sacram5ts :i* we h receiv$ purify u1 ,o ,"l3 & ?is is said on acc\nt ( our receiv+ ! ,eu*>i/4 ,consequ5tly ! ,eu*>i/ is n "o sacram5t b sev]al4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is impossible = g5]a to be multipli$ )\t ! species be+ multipli$3 ?us x is impossible = "o man to be _m animals4 ,b1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fj1 ,a4 #a71 sign is ! g5us ( sacram5t4 ,s9ce1 !n1 !re are m signs ?an "o1 to wit1 bread & w9e1 x seems to foll[ t "h mu/ be m sacram5ts ?an "o4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is p]fect$ 9 ! consecration ( ! matt]1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c74 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t !re is a d\ble consecration ( ! matt]4 ,!re=e1 x is a tw(old sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aj3ag73 ,= we1 be+ _m1 are "o bread1 "o body1 all t p>take ( "o bread3 f :i* x is cle> t ! ,eu*>i/ is ! sacram5t ( ! ,*ur*'s unity4 ,b a sacram5t be>s ! lik5ess ( ! reality :]e( x is ! sacram5t4 ,!re=e ! ,eu*>i/ is "o sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ 9 ,metaph4 v1 a ?+ is said to be "o1 n only f be+ indivisible1 or cont9u\s1 b also :5 x is complete2 ?us we speak ( "o h\se1 & "o man4 ,a ?+ is "o 9 p]fection1 :5 x is complete ?r\gh ! pres5ce ( all t is ne$$ = its end2 z a man is complete by hav+ all ! memb]s requir$ = ! op]ation ( 8 s\l1 & a h\se by hav+ all ! p>ts ne$ful = dwell+ !re94 ,& s ?is sacram5t is said to be "o4 ,because x is orda9$ = spiritual refre%m5t1 :i* is con=m$ to corporeal refre%m5t4 ,n[ !re are two ?+s requir$ = corporeal refre%m5t1 namely1 food1 :i* is dry su/5ance1 & dr9k1 :i* is wet su/5ance4 ,consequ5tly1 two ?+s concur = ! integrity ( ?is sacram5t1 to wit1 spiritual food & spiritual dr9k1 accord+ to ,john3 ,my fle% is meat inde$1 & ,my blood is dr9k inde$4 ,!re=e1 ?is sacram5t is mat]ially _m1 b =mally & p]fectively "o4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! same ,collect at fir/ employs ! plural3 ,may ! sacram5ts :i* we h receiv$ purify u2 & aft]w>ds ! s+ul> numb]3 ,may ?is sacram5t ( ,?9e n make u wor?y ( puni%m5t3 s z to %[ t ?is sacram5t is 9 a measure sev]al1 yet simply "o4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! bread & w9e are mat]ially sev]al signs1 yet =mally & p]fectively "o1 inasmu* z "o refre%m5t is prep>$ !refrom4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,f ! d\ble consecration ( ! matt] no m c be ga!r$ ?an t ! sacram5t is sev]al mat]ially1 z /at$ above4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,eu*>i/ ,is ,necess>y = ,salvation8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is sacram5t is necess>y = salvation4 ,= our ,"l said 7,john #f3ed73 ,except y eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man1 & dr9k ,8 blood1 y %all n h life 9 y4 ,b ,*ri/'s fle% is eat5 & ,8 blood drunk 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e1 )\t ?is sacram5t man _c h ! heal? ( spiritual life4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is a k9d ( spiritual food4 ,b bodily food is requisite = bodily heal?4 ,!re=e1 also is ?is sacram5t1 = spiritual heal?4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( our ,"l's ,passion1 )\t :i* !re is no salvation1 s also is ! ,eu*>i/4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aa3bf73 ,= z (t5 z y %all eat ?is bread1 & dr9k ! *alice1 y %all %[ ! dea? ( ! ,"l1 until ,he come4 ,consequ5tly1 z ,baptism is necess>y = salvation1 s also is ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e writes 7,ad ,bonifac4 contra ,pelag4 ,i73 ,nor are y to suppose t *ildr5 _c possess life1 :o are depriv$ ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,two ?+s h to be consid]$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 namely1 ! sacram5t itself1 & :at is conta9$ 9 x4 ,n[ x 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ,obj4 #b7 t ! reality ( ! sacram5t is ! unity ( ! my/ical body1 )\t :i* !re c be no salvation2 = !re is no ent]+ into salvation outside ! ,*ur*1 j z 9 ! "t ( ! deluge !re 0 none outside ! ,ark1 :i* d5otes ! ,*ur*1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #c3bj1 #ba4 ,& x has be5 said above 7,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #b71 t be=e receiv+ a sacram5t1 ! reality ( ! sacram5t c be _h ?r\gh ! v desire ( receiv+ ! sacram5t4 ,accord+ly1 be=e actual reception ( ?is sacram5t1 a man c obta9 salvation ?r\gh ! desire ( receiv+ x1 j z he c be=e ,baptism ?r\gh ! desire ( ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #b74 ,yet !re is a diff]5ce 9 two respects4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ,baptism is ! beg9n+ ( ! spiritual life1 & ! door ( ! sacram5ts2 :]eas ! ,eu*>i/ is1 z x 71 ! consummation ( ! spiritual life1 & ! end ( all ! sacram5ts1 z 0 obs]v$ above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #f73 = by ! hall[+s ( all ! sacram5ts prep>ation is made = receiv+ or consecrat+ ! ,eu*>i/4 ,consequ5tly1 ! reception ( ,baptism is necess>y = />t+ ! spiritual life1 :ile ! receiv+ ( ! ,eu*>i/ is requisite = its consummation2 by p>tak+ n inde$ actually1 b 9 desire1 z an end is possess$ 9 desire & int5tion4 ,ano!r diff]5ce is because by ,baptism a man is orda9$ to ! ,eu*>i/1 & !re=e f ! fact ( *ildr5 be+ baptiz$1 !y are de/9$ by ! ,*ur* to ! ,eu*>i/2 & j z !y believe ?r\gh ! ,*ur*'s fai?1 s !y desire ! ,eu*>i/ ?r\gh ! ,*ur*'s int5tion1 &1 z a result1 receive its reality4 ,b !y are n dispos$ = ,baptism by any previ\s sacram5t1 & consequ5tly be=e receiv+ ,baptism1 9 no way h !y ,baptism 9 desire2 b adults alone h3 consequ5tly1 !y _c h ! reality ( ! sacram5t )\t receiv+ ! sacram5t itself4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t is n necess>y = salvation 9 ! same way z ,baptism is4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says1 expla9+ ,john #f3ed1 ,?is food & ?is dr9k1 namely1 ( ,8 fle% & blood3 ,he w\ld h u und]/& ! fell[%ip ( ,8 body & memb]s1 :i* is ! ,*ur* 9 ,8 pr$e/9at$1 & call$1 & ju/ifi$1 & glorifi$1 ,8 holy & believ+ ones4 ,h5ce1 z he says 9 8 ,epi/le to ,boniface 7,pseudo-,b$a1 9 #a ,cor4 #aj3ag73 ,no "o %\ld ent]ta9 ! slighte/ d\bt1 t !n e "o ( ! fai?ful becomes a p>tak] ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 :5 9 ,baptism he is made a memb] ( ,*ri/'s body2 nor is he depriv$ ( 8 %>e 9 t body & *alice ev5 ?\gh he dep>t f ?is _w 9 ! unity ( ,*ri/'s body1 be=e he eats t bread & dr9ks ( t *alice4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 corporeal & spiritual food lies 9 ?is1 t ! =m] is *ang$ into ! sub/ance ( ! p]son n\ri%$1 & consequ5tly x _c avail = support+ life except x be p>tak5 (2 b spiritual food *anges man into itself1 accord+ to t say+ ( ,augu/9e 7,confess4 vii71 t he he>d ! voice ( ,*ri/ z x 7 say+ to him3 ,nor %alt ?\ *ange ,me into ?yself1 z food ( ?y fle%1 b ?\ %alt be *ang$ into ,me4 ,b "o c be *ang$ into ,*ri/1 & be incorporat$ 9 ,him by m5tal desire1 ev5 )\t receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,& consequ5tly ! comp>ison does n hold4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( ,*ri/'s dea? & ,passion1 accord+ z a man is born anew 9 ,*ri/ 9 virtue ( ,8 ,passion2 b ! ,eu*>i/ is ! sacram5t ( ,*ri/'s ,passion accord+ z a man is made p]fect 9 union ) ,*ri/ ,:o suff]$4 ,h5ce1 z ,baptism is call$ ! sacram5t ( ,fai?1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( ! spiritual life1 s ! ,eu*>i/ is t]m$ ! sacram5t ( ,*>ity1 :i* is ! bond ( p]fection 7,col4 #c3ad74 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,?is ,sacram5t ,is ,suitably ,call$ by ,v>i\s ,names8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is sacram5t is n suitably call$ by v>i\s names4 ,= names %\ld correspond ) ?+s4 ,b ?is sacram5t is "o1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,!re=e1 x ought n to be call$ by v>i\s names4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a species is n prop]ly d5om9at$ by :at is common to ! :ole g5us4 ,b ! ,eu*>i/ is a sacram5t ( ! ,new ,law2 & x is common to all ! sacram5ts = grace to be conf]r$ by !m1 :i* ! "n ,eu*>i/ d5otes1 = x is ! same ?+ z good grace4 ,fur!rmore1 all ! sacram5ts br+ u help on our j\rney ?r\gh ?is pres5t life1 :i* is ! notion convey$ by ,viaticum4 ,aga9 some?+ sacr$ is done 9 all ! sacram5ts1 :i* belongs to ! notion ( ,sacrifice2 & ! fai?ful int]communicate ?r\gh all ! sacram5ts1 :i* ?is ,greek ^w ,synaxis & ! ,lat9 ,communio express4 ,!re=e1 ^! names are n suitably adapt$ to ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a ho/ 99,f ,lat9 ho/ia1 a victim seems to be ! same z a sacrifice4 ,!re=e1 z x is n prop]ly call$ a sacrifice1 s nei!r is x prop]ly t]m$ a ,ho/4 ,on ! contr>y1 is ! use ( ^! expressions by ! fai?ful4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is sacram5t has a ?reefold significance4 ,"o ) reg>d to ! pa/1 inasmu* z x is commemorative ( our ,"l's ,passion1 :i* 0 a true sacrifice1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #dh1 ,a4 #c71 & 9 ?is respect x is call$ a ,sacrifice4 ,) reg>d to ! pres5t x has ano!r mean+1 namely1 t ( ,ecclesia/ical unity1 9 :i* m5 are aggregat$ ?r\gh ?is ,sacram5t2 & 9 ?is respect x is call$ ,communion or ,synaxis4 ,= ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv7 t x is call$ ,communion because we communicate ) ,*ri/ ?r\gh x1 bo? because we p>take ( ,8 fle% & ,godhead1 & because we communicate ) & are unit$ to "o ano!r ?r\gh x4 ,) reg>d to ! future x has a ?ird mean+1 inasmu* z ?is sacram5t =e%ad[s ! ,div9e fruition1 :i* %all come to pass 9 heav52 & accord+ to ?is x is call$ ,viaticum1 because x supplies ! way ( w9n+ ?i!r4 ,& 9 ?is respect x is also call$ ! ,eu*>i/1 t is1 good grace1 because ! grace ( ,god is life ev]la/+ 7,rom4 #f3bc72 or because x really conta9s ,*ri/1 ,:o is full ( grace4 ,9 ,greek1 moreov]1 x is call$ ,metalepsis1 i4e4 ,assumption1 because1 z ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv71 we !reby assume ! ,godhead ( ! ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,!re is no?+ to h9d] ! same ?+ f be+ call$ by sev]al names1 accord+ to its v>i\s prop]ties or effects4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:at is common to all ! sacram5ts is attribut$ antonoma/ically to ?is "o on acc\nt ( its excell5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is sacram5t is call$ a ,sacrifice inasmu* z x repres5ts ! ,passion ( ,*ri/2 b x is t]m$ a ,ho/ inasmu* z x conta9s ,*ri/1 ,:o is a ho/ 7,d\ay3 'sacrifice'7 4 4 4 ( sweetness 7,eph4 #e3b74 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,in/itution ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,0 ,appropriate8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! in/itution ( ?is sacram5t 0 n appropriate1 because z ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,g5]4 ii73 ,we are n\ri%$ by ! ?+s f :5ce we spr+4 ,b by ,baptism1 :i* is spiritual reg5]ation1 we receive our spiritual be+1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii74 ,!re=e we are also n\ri%$ by ,baptism4 ,consequ5tly !re 0 no ne$ to in/itute ?is sacram5t z spiritual n\ri%m5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 m5 are unit$ ) ,*ri/ ?r\gh ?is sacram5t z ! memb]s ) ! head4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! ,head ( all m51 ev5 ( ^? :o h exi/$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #h1 ,,aa4 #c1 #f74 ,!re=e ! in/itution ( ?is sacram5t %\ld n h be5 po/pon$ till ! ,"l's supp]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is call$ ! memorial ( our ,"l's ,passion1 accord+ to ,matt4 #bf 7,luke #bb3ai73 ,d ?is = a commemoration ( ,me4 ,b a commemoration is ( ?+s pa/4 ,!re=e1 ?is sacram5t %\ld n h be5 in/itut$ be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 a man is prep>$ by ,baptism = ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* ought to be giv5 only to ! baptiz$4 ,b ,baptism 0 in/itut$ by ,*ri/ aft] ,8 ,passion & ,resurrection1 z is evid5t f ,matt4 #bh3ai4 ,!re=e1 ?is sacram5t 0 n suitably in/itut$ be=e ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,?is sacram5t 0 in/itut$ by ,*ri/1 ( ,:om x is said 7,mk4 #g3cg7 t ,he did all ?+s well4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is sacram5t 0 appropriately in/itut$ at ! supp]1 :5 ,*ri/ conv]s$ ) ,8 disciples = ! la/ "t4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ( :at is conta9$ 9 ! sacram5t3 = ,*ri/ is ,himself conta9$ 9 ! ,eu*>i/ sacram5tally4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 go+ to leave ,8 disciples 9 ,8 prop] species1 ,he left ,himself ) !m "u ! sacram5tal species2 z ! ,emp]or's image is set up to be rev]5c$ 9 8 abs5ce4 ,h5ce ,eusebius says3 ,s9ce ,he 0 go+ to )draw ,8 assum$ body f _! eyes1 & be> x away to ! />s1 x 0 ne$ful t on ! day ( ! supp] ,he %\ld consecrate ! sacram5t ( ,8 body & blood = our sakes1 9 ord] t :at 0 once (f]$ up = our ransom %\ld be fitt+ly wor%ip$ 9 a my/]y4 ,secondly1 because )\t fai? 9 ! ,passion !re c\ld nev] be any salvation1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3be3 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4 ,x 0 necess>y accord+ly t !re %\ld be at all times among m5 some?+ to %[ =? our ,"l's ,passion2 ! *ief sacram5t ( :i* 9 ! old ,law 0 ! ,pas*al ,lamb4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #e3g73 ,*ri/ our ,pas* is sacrific$4 ,b its successor "u ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* is a remembrance ( ! ,passion n[ pa/1 j z ! o!r 0 figurative ( ! ,passion to come4 ,& s x 0 fitt+ t :5 ! h\r ( ! ,passion 0 come1 ,*ri/ %\ld in/itute a new ,sacram5t aft] celebrat+ ! old1 z ,pope ,leo ,i says 7,s]m4 lviii74 ,?irdly1 because la/ words1 *iefly su* z are spok5 by dep>t+ fri5ds1 are committ$ mo/ deeply to memory2 s9ce !n especially affection = fri5ds is m enk9dl$1 & ! ?+s :i* affect u mo/ are impress$ ! deepe/ 9 ! s\l4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce1 z ,pope ,alex&] ,i says1 among sacrifices !re c be none great] ?an ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 nor any m p[]ful oblation2 our ,"l in/itut$ ?is sacram5t at ,8 la/ p>t+ ) ,8 disciples1 9 ord] t x might be held 9 ! great] v5]ation4 ,& ?is is :at ,augu/9e says 7,respons4 ad ,janu>4 i73 ,9 ord] to comm5d m e>ne/ly ! dea? ( ?is my/]y1 our ,savi\r will$ ?is la/ act to be fix$ 9 ! he>ts & memories ( ! disciples :om ,he 0 ab\t to quit = ! ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,we are n\ri%$ f ! same ?+s ( :i* we are made1 b !y d n come to u 9 ! same way2 = ^? out ( :i* we are made come to u ?r\gh g5]ation1 :ile ! same1 z n\ri%+ u1 come to u ?r\gh be+ eat54 ,h5ce1 z we are new-born 9 ,*ri/ ?r\gh ,baptism1 s ?r\gh ! ,eu*>i/ we eat ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,eu*>i/ is ! p]fect sacram5t ( our ,"l's ,passion1 z conta9+ ,*ri/ crucifi$2 consequ5tly x c\ld n be in/itut$ be=e ! ,inc>nation2 b !n !re 0 room = only su* sacram5ts z 7 prefigurative ( ! ,"l's ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is sacram5t 0 in/itut$ dur+ ! supp]1 s z 9 ! future to be a memorial ( our ,"l's ,passion z accompli%$4 ,h5ce ,he said expressively3 ,z (t5 z ye %all d ^! ?+s 99,cf4 ,canon ( ! ,mass1 speak+ ( ! future4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! in/itution responds to ! ord] ( int5tion4 ,b ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 al?\gh aft] ,baptism 9 ! receiv+1 is yet previ\s to x 9 int5tion2 & !re=e x behoov$ to be in/itut$ fir/4 ,or else x c be said t ,baptism 0 already in/itut$ 9 ,*ri/'s ,baptism2 h5ce "s 7 already baptiz$ ) ,*ri/'s ,baptism1 z we read 9 ,john #c3bb4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,pas*al ,lamb ,0 ! ,*ief ,figure ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! ,pas*al ,lamb 0 n ! *ief figure ( ?is sacram5t1 because 7,ps4 #aji3d7 ,*ri/ is call$ a prie/ accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*1 s9ce ,mel*is$e* bore ! figure ( ,*ri/'s sacrifice1 9 (f]+ bread & w9e4 ,b ! expression ( lik5ess causes "o ?+ to be nam$ f ano!r4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ,mel*is$e*'s (f]+ 0 ! pr9cipal figure ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea 0 a figure ( ,baptism1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aj3b3 ,all 4 4 4 7 baptiz$ 9 ! cl\d & 9 ! sea4 ,b ! immolation ( ! ,pas*al ,lamb 0 previ\s to ! passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ! ,manna came aft] x1 j z ! ,eu*>i/ foll[s ,baptism4 ,!re=e ! ,manna is a m expressive figure ( ?is sacram5t ?an ! ,pas*al ,lamb4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! pr9cipal p[] ( ?is sacram5t is t x br+s u into ! k+dom ( heav51 be+ a k9d ( viaticum4 ,b ?is 0 *iefly prefigur$ 9 ! sacram5t ( expiation :5 ! high-prie/ ent]$ once a ye> into ! ,holy ( ,holies ) blood1 z ! ,apo/le proves 9 ,heb4 #i4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t t sacrifice 0 a m significant figure ( ?is sacram5t ?an 0 ! ,pas*al ,lamb4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #e3g1 #h73 ,*ri/ our ,pas* is sacrific$2 !re=e let u fea/ 4 4 4 ) ! unleav5$ bread ( s9c]ity & tru?4 ,i answ] t1 ,we c consid] ?ree ?+s 9 ?is sacram5t3 namely1 t :i* is sacram5t only1 & ?is is ! bread & w9e2 t :i* is bo? reality & sacram5t1 to wit1 ,*ri/'s true body2 & la/ly t :i* is reality only1 namely1 ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 9 relation to :at is sacram5t only1 ! *ief figure ( ?is sacram5t 0 ! oblation ( ,mel*is$e*1 :o (f]$ up bread & w9e4 ,9 relation to ,*ri/ crucifi$1 ,:o is conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 its figures 7 all ! sacrifices ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 especially ! sacrifice ( expiation1 :i* 0 ! mo/ solemn ( all4 ,:ile ) reg>d to its effect1 ! *ief figure 0 ! ,manna1 hav+ 9 x ! sweetness ( e ta/e 7,wis4 #af3bj71 j z ! grace ( ?is sacram5t refre%es ! s\l 9 all respects4 ,! ,pas*al ,lamb =e%ad[$ ?is sacram5t 9 ^! ?ree ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 because x 0 eat5 ) unleav5$ loaves1 accord+ to ,ex4 #ab3h3 ,!y %all eat fle% 4 4 4 & unleav5$ bread4 ,z to ! second because x 0 immolat$ by ! entire multitude ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel on ! f\rte5? day ( ! moon2 & ?is 0 a figure ( ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 ,:o is call$ ! ,lamb on acc\nt ( ,8 innoc5ce4 ,z to ! effect1 because by ! blood ( ! ,pas*al ,lamb ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 pres]v$ f ! de/roy+ ,angel1 & br\ght f ! ,egyptian captivity2 & 9 ?is respect ! ,pas*al ,lamb is ! *ief figure ( ?is sacram5t1 because x repres5ts x 9 e respect4 ,f ?is ! answ] to ! ,objections is manife/4 ,,"q #gd ,,( ,,! ,,matt] ,,( ,,?is ,,sacram5t 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t3 & fir/ ( all z to its species2 secondly1 ! *ange ( ! bread & w9e into ! body ( ,*ri/2 ?irdly1 ! mann] 9 :i* ,*ri/'s body exi/s 9 ?is sacram5t2 f\r?ly1 ! accid5ts ( bread & w9e :i* cont9ue 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,"u ! fir/ head+ !re are eight po9ts = inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r bread & w9e are ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t8 7#b7 ,:e!r a det]m9ate quantity ( ! same is requir$ = ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t is :eat5 bread8 7#d7 ,:e!r x is unleav5$ or f]m5t$ bread8 7#e7 ,:e!r ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t is w9e f ! grape8 7#f7 ,:e!r wat] %\ld be mix$ ) x8 7#g7 ,:e!r wat] is ( necessity = ?is sacram5t8 7#h7 ,( ! quantity ( ! wat] add$4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,matt] ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,is ,bread & ,w9e8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t is n bread & w9e4 ,because ?is sacram5t ought to repres5t ,*ri/'s ,passion m fully ?an did ! sacram5ts ( ! ,old ,law4 ,b ! fle% ( animals1 :i* 0 ! matt] ( ! sacram5ts "u ! ,old ,law1 %[s =? ,*ri/'s ,passion m fully ?an bread & w9e4 ,!re=e ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t ought r to be ! fle% ( animals ?an bread & w9e4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is to be celebrat$ 9 e place4 ,b 9 _m l&s bread is n to be f\nd1 & 9 _m places w9e is n to be f\nd4 ,!re=e bread & w9e are n a suitable matt] = ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is = bo? hale & weak4 ,b to "s weak p]sons w9e is hurtful4 ,!re=e x seems t w9e ought n to be ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,alex&] ,i says 7,ep4 ad omnes or?4 i73 ,9 oblations ( ! sacram5ts only bread & w9e mix$ ) wat] are to be (f]$4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h fall5 into v>i\s errors ab\t ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,"s1 kn[n z ! ,artotyrytae1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,ha]es4 xxviii71 (f] bread & *eese 9 ?is sacram5t1 cont5d+ t oblations 7 celebrat$ by m5 9 ! fir/ ages1 f fruits ( ! e>? & %eep4 ,o!rs1 call$ ,cataphrygae & ,pepuziani1 are reput$ to h made _! ,eu*>i/ic bread ) infants' blood drawn f t9y punctures ov] ! entire body1 & mix$ ) fl\r4 ,o!rs1 /yl$ ,aqu>ii1 "u guise ( sobriety1 (f] no?+ b wat] 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,n[ all ^! & simil> errors are exclud$ by ! fact t ,*ri/ in/itut$ ?is sacram5t "u ! species ( bread & w9e1 z is evid5t f ,matt4 #bf4 ,consequ5tly1 bread & w9e are ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,& ! reasonabl5ess ( ?is is se5 fir/1 9 ! use ( ?is sacram5t1 :i* is eat+3 =1 z wat] is us$ 9 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism = ! purpose ( spiritual cleans+1 s9ce bodily cleans+ is commonly done ) wat]2 s bread & w9e1 :]e) m5 are commonly f$1 are employ$ 9 ?is sacram5t = ! use ( spiritual eat+4 ,secondly1 9 relation to ,*ri/'s ,passion1 9 :i* ! blood 0 sep>at$ f ! body4 ,& !re=e 9 ?is sacram5t1 :i* is ! memorial ( our ,"l's ,passion1 ! bread is receiv$ ap>t z ! sacram5t ( ! body1 & ! w9e z ! sacram5t ( ! blood4 ,?irdly1 z to ! effect1 consid]$ 9 ea* ( ! p>tak]s4 ,=1 z ,ambrose 7,mag4 ,s5t4 iv1 ,d1 xi7 says on #a ,cor4 #aa3bj1 ?is sacram5t avails = ! def5se ( s\l & body2 & !re=e ,*ri/'s body is (f]$ "u ! species ( bread = ! heal? ( ! body1 & ! blood "u ! species ( w9e = ! heal? ( ! s\l1 accord+ to ,lev4 #ag3ad3 ,! life ( ! animal ,vulg43 '( all fle%' is 9 ! blood4 ,f\r?ly1 z to ! effect ) reg>d to ! :ole ,*ur*1 :i* is made up ( _m believ]s1 j z bread is compos$ ( _m gra9s1 & w9e fl[s f _m grapes1 z ! gloss obs]ves on #a ,cor4 #aj3ag3 ,we be+ _m are 4 4 4 "o body1 etc4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ! fle% ( slaught]$ animals repres5ts ! ,passion m =cibly1 nev]!less x is less suitable = ! common use ( ?is sacram5t1 & = d5ot+ ! unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh :eat & w9e are n produc$ 9 e c\ntry1 yet !y c easily be convey$ to e l&1 t is1 z mu* z is ne$ful = ! use ( ?is sacram5t3 at ! same "t "o is n to be consecrat$ :5 ! o!r is lack+1 because x w\ld n be a complete sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,w9e tak5 9 small quantity _c d ! sick mu* h>m3 yet if !re be fe> ( h>m1 x is n necess>y = all :o take ,*ri/'s body to p>take also ( ,8 blood1 z w be /at$ lat] 7,q4 #hj1 ,a4 #ab74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r a ,det]m9ate ,quantity ( ,bread & ,w9e ,is ,requir$ = ! ,matt] ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a det]m9ate quantity ( bread & w9e is requir$ = ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,because ! effects ( grace are no less set 9 ord] ?an ^? ( nature4 ,b1 !re is a limit set by nature ^u all exi/+ ?+s1 & a reckon+ ( size & developm5t 7,de ,anima ii74 ,consequ5tly1 9 ?is sacram5t1 :i* is call$ ,eu*>i/1 t is1 a good grace1 a det]m9ate quantity ( ! bread & w9e is requir$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ gave no p[] to ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* reg>d+ matt]s :i* involve d]ision ( ! fai? & ( ,8 sacram5ts1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #aj3h3 ,( our p[] :i* ! ,"l ha? giv5 u unto edification1 & n = y\r de/ruction4 ,b x w\ld lead to mock]y ( ?is sacram5t if ! prie/ 7 to wi% to consecrate all ! bread :i* is sold 9 ! m>ket & all ! w9e 9 ! cell>4 ,!re=e he _c d ?is4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if anyone be baptiz$ 9 ! sea1 ! entire sea-wat] is n sanctifi$ by ! =m ( baptism1 b only ! wat] :]e) ! body ( ! baptiz$ is cleans$4 ,!re=e1 nei!r 9 ?is sacram5t c a sup]flu\s quantity ( bread be consecrat$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,mu* is oppos$ to little1 & great to small4 ,b !re is no quantity1 h[ev] small1 ( ! bread & w9e :i* _c be consecrat$4 ,!re=e1 nei!r is !re any quantity1 h[ev] great1 :i* _c be consecrat$4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h ma9ta9$ t ! prie/ c\ld n consecrate an imm5se quantity ( bread & w9e1 = in/ance1 all ! bread 9 ! m>ket or all ! w9e 9 a cask4 ,b ?is does n appe> to be true1 because 9 all ?+s conta9+ matt]1 ! reason = ! det]m9ation ( ! matt] is drawn f its disposition to an end1 j z ! matt] ( a saw is iron1 s z to adapt x = cutt+4 ,b ! end ( ?is sacram5t is ! use ( ! fai?ful4 ,consequ5tly1 ! quantity ( ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t mu/ be det]m9$ by comp>ison ) ! use ( ! fai?ful4 ,b ?is _c be det]m9$ by comp>ison ) ! use ( ! fai?ful :o are actually pres5t2 o!rwise ! p>i% prie/ hav+ few p>i%ion]s c\ld n consecrate _m ho/s4 ,x rema9s1 !n1 = ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t to be det]m9$ 9 ref]5ce to ! numb] ( ! fai?ful absolutely4 ,b ! numb] ( ! fai?ful is n a det]m9ate "o4 ,h5ce x _c be said t ! quantity ( ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t is re/rict$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! matt] ( e natural object has its det]m9ate quantity by comp>ison ) its det]m9ate =m4 ,b ! numb] ( ! fai?ful1 = ^: use ?is sacram5t is orda9$1 is n a det]m9ate "o4 ,consequ5tly !re is no comp>ison4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! p[] ( ! ,*ur*'s m9i/]s is orda9$ = two purposes3 fir/ = ! prop] effect1 & secondly = ! end ( ! effect4 ,b ! second does n take away ! fir/4 ,h5ce1 if ! prie/ int5ds to consecrate ! body ( ,*ri/ = an evil purpose1 = in/ance1 to make mock]y ( x1 or to adm9i/] poison ?r\gh x1 he commits s9 by 8 evil int5tion1 nev]!less1 on acc\nt ( ! p[] committ$ to him1 he accompli%es ! sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! sacram5t ( ,baptism is p]fect$ 9 ! use ( ! matt]3 & !re=e no m ( ! wat] is hall[$ ?an :at is us$4 ,b ?is sacram5t is wr\ght 9 ! consecration ( ! matt]4 ,consequ5tly !re is no p>allel4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,:eat5 ,bread ,is ,requir$ = ! ,matt] ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t :eat5 bread is n requisite = ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t1 because ?is sacram5t is a rem9d] ( our ,"l's ,passion4 ,b b>ley bread seems to be m 9 keep+ ) ! ,passion ?an :eat5 bread1 z be+ m bitt]1 & because ,*ri/ us$ x to fe$ ! multitudes ^u ! m\nta91 z n>rat$ 9 ,john #f4 ,!re=e :eat5 bread is n ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 natural ?+s ! %ape is a sign ( species4 ,b "s c]eals resemble :eat1 su* z spelt & maize1 f :i* 9 "s localities bread is made = ! use ( ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e :eat5 bread is n ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 mix+ dissolves species4 ,b :eat5 fl\r is h>dly to be f\nd unmix$ ) "s o!r species ( gra91 except 9 ! in/ance ( specially select$ gra94 ,!re=e x does n seem t :eat5 bread is ! prop] matt] = ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 :at is corrupt$ appe>s to be ( ano!r species4 ,b "s make ! sacram5t f bread :i* is corrupt$1 & :i* no long] seems to be :eat5 bread4 ,!re=e1 x seems t su* bread is n ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/ is conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 & ,he comp>es ,himself to a gra9 ( :eat1 say+ 7,john #ab3bd73 ,unless ! gra9 ( :eat fall+ into ! gr\nd die1 itself rema9e? alone4 ,!re=e bread f corn1 i4e4 :eat5 bread1 is ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 = ! use ( ! sacram5ts su* matt] is adopt$ z is commonly made use ( among m54 ,n[ among o!r breads :eat5 bread is m commonly us$ by m52 s9ce o!r breads seem to be employ$ :5 ?is fails4 ,& consequ5tly ,*ri/ is believ$ to h in/itut$ ?is sacram5t "u ?is species ( bread4 ,moreov] ?is bread /r5g!ns man1 & s x d5otes m suitably ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 ! prop] matt] = ?is sacram5t is :eat5 bread4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,b>ley bread s]ves to d5ote ! h>dness ( ! ,old ,law2 bo? on acc\nt ( ! h>dness ( ! bread1 & because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,q4 #hc73 ,! fl\r )9 ! b>ley1 wrapp$ up z x is )9 a mo/ t5aci\s fibre1 d5otes ei!r ! ,law itself1 :i* 0 giv5 9 su* mann] z to be ve/$ 9 bodily sacram5ts2 or else x d5otes ! p !mselves1 :o 7 n yet despoil$ ( c>nal desires1 :i* clung to _! he>ts l fibre4 ,b ?is sacram5t belongs to ,*ri/'s sweet yoke1 & to ! tru? already manife/$1 & to a spiritual p4 ,consequ5tly b>ley bread w\ld n be a suitable matt] = ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,a begett] begets a ?+ l to itself 9 species1 yet !re is "s unlik5ess z to ! accid5ts1 ow+ ei!r to ! matt]1 or to weakness )9 ! g5]ative p[]4 ,& !re=e1 if !re be any c]eals :i* c be gr[n f ! se$ ( ! :eat 7z wild :eat f :eat se$ gr[n 9 bad gr\nd71 ! bread made f su* gra9 c be ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t3 & ?is does n obta9 ei!r 9 b>ley1 or 9 spelt1 or ev5 9 maize1 :i* is ( all gra9s ! "o mo/ resembl+ ! :eat gra94 ,b ! resemblance z to %ape 9 su* seems to d5ote clos5ess ( species r ?an id5tity2 j z ! resemblance 9 %ape betwe5 ! dog & ! wolf goes to %[ t !y are alli$ b n ( ! same species4 ,h5ce f su* gra9s1 :i* _c 9 any way be g5]at$ f :eat gra91 bread _c be made su* z to be ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a mod]ate mix+ does n alt] ! species1 because t little is z x 7 absorb$ by ! great]4 ,consequ5tly1 !n1 if a small quantity ( ano!r gra9 be mix$ ) a mu* great] quantity ( :eat1 bread may be made !refrom s z to be ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t2 b if ! mix+ be notable1 = in/ance1 half & half2 or ne>ly s1 !n su* mix+ alt]s ! species2 consequ5tly1 bread made !refrom w n be ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,sometimes !re is su* corruption ( ! bread t ! species ( bread is lo/1 z :5 ! cont9uity ( its p>ts is de/roy$1 & ! ta/e1 color1 & o!r accid5ts are *ang$2 h5ce ! body ( ,*ri/ may n be made f su* matt]4 ,b sometimes !re is n su* corruption z to alt] ! species1 b m]ely disposition t[>ds corruption1 :i* a slight *ange 9 ! savor betrays1 & f su* bread ! body ( ,*ri/ may be made3 b he :o does s1 s9s f irrev]5ce t[>ds ! sacram5t4 ,& because />* comes ( corrupt$ :eat1 x does n seem z if ! body ( ,*ri/ c\ld be made ( ! bread made !refrom1 al?\gh "s hold ! contr>y4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,?is ,sacram5t ,ought to ,be ,made ( ,unleav5$ ,bread8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is sacram5t ought n to be made ( unleav5$ bread4 ,because 9 ?is sacram5t we ought to imitate ,*ri/'s in/itution4 ,b ,*ri/ appe>s to h in/itut$ ?is sacram5t 9 f]m5t$ bread1 because1 z we h read 9 ,ex4 #ab1 ! ,jews1 accord+ to ! ,law1 began to use unleav5$ bread on ! day ( ! ,passov] :i* is celebrat$ on ! f\rte5? day ( ! moon2 & ,*ri/ in/itut$ ?is sacram5t at ! supp] :i* ,he celebrat$ be=e ! fe/ival day ( ! ,pas* 7,john #ac3a1 #d74 ,!re=e we ought likewise to celebrate ?is sacram5t ) f]m5t$ bread4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 legal obs]vances ought n to be cont9u$ 9 ! "t ( grace4 ,b ! use ( unleav5$ bread 0 a c]emony ( ! ,law1 z is cle> f ,ex4 #ab4 ,!re=e we ought n to use unf]m5t$ bread 9 ?is sacram5t ( grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #c71 ! ,eu*>i/ is ! sacram5t ( *>ity j z ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( fai?4 ,b ! f]vor ( *>ity is signifi$ by f]m5t$ bread1 z is decl>$ by ! gloss on ,matt4 #ac3cc3 ,! k+dom ( heav5 is l unto leav51 etc4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t ought to be made ( leav5$ bread4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 leav5$ or unleav5$ are m]e accid5ts ( bread1 :i* d n v>y ! species4 ,b 9 ! matt] = ! sacram5t ( ,baptism no diff]5ce is obs]v$ reg>d+ ! v>iation ( ! accid5ts1 z to :e!r x be salt or fre%1 w>m or cold wat]4 ,!re=e nei!r ought any di/9ction to be obs]v$1 z to :e!r ! bread be unleav5$ or leav5$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,accord+ to ! ,decretals 7,extra1 ,de ,celebr4 ,miss471 a prie/ is puni%$ = presum+ to celebrate1 us+ f]m5t$ bread & a wood5 cup4 ,i answ] t1 ,two ?+s may be consid]$ t\*+ ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t1 namely1 :at is necess>y1 & :at is suitable4 ,x is necess>y t ! bread be :eat51 )\t :i* ! sacram5t is n valid1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 necess>y = ! sacram5t t ! bread be unleav5$ or leav5$1 s9ce x c be celebrat$ 9 ei!r4 ,b x is suitable t e prie/ obs]ve ! rite ( 8 ,*ur* 9 ! celebration ( ! sacram5t4 ,n[ 9 ?is matt] !re are v>i\s cu/oms ( ! ,*ur*es3 =1 ,gregory says3 ,! ,roman ,*ur* (f]s unleav5$ bread1 because our ,"l took fle% )\t union ( sexes3 b ! ,greek ,*ur*es (f] leav5$ bread1 because ! ,^w ( ! ,fa!r 0 clo!d ) fle%2 z leav5 is mix$ ) ! fl\r4 ,h5ce1 z a prie/ s9s by celebrat+ ) f]m5t$ bread 9 ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 s a ,greek prie/ celebrat+ ) unf]m5t$ bread 9 a *ur* ( ! ,greeks w\ld also s91 z p]v]t+ ! rite ( 8 ,*ur*4 ,nev]!less ! cu/om ( celebrat+ ) unleav5$ bread is m reasonable4 ,fir/1 on acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s in/itution3 = ,he in/itut$ ?is sacram5t on ! fir/ day ( ! ,azymes 7,matt4 #bf3ag2 ,mk4 #ad3ab2 ,luke #bb3g71 on :i* day !re ought to be no?+ f]m5t$ 9 ! h\ses ( ! ,jews1 z is /at$ 9 ,ex4 #ab3ae1 #ai4 ,secondly1 because bread is prop]ly ! sacram5t ( ,*ri/'s body1 :i* 0 conceiv$ )\t corruption1 r ?an ( ,8 ,godhead1 z w be se5 lat] 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a74 ,?irdly1 because ?is is m 9 keep+ ) ! s9c]ity ( ! fai?ful1 :i* is requir$ 9 ! use ( ?is sacram5t1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #e3g3 ,*ri/ our ,pas* is sacrific$3 !re=e let u fea/ 4 4 4 ) ! unleav5$ bread ( s9c]ity & tru?4 ,h[ev]1 ?is cu/om ( ! ,greeks is n unreasonable bo? on acc\nt ( its signification1 to :i* ,gregory ref]s1 & 9 dete/ation ( ! h]esy ( ! ,naz>5es1 :o mix$ up legal obs]vances ) ! ,gospel4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z we read 9 ,ex4 #ab1 ! pas*al solemnity began on ! ev5+ ( ! f\rte5? day ( ! moon4 ,s1 !n1 aft] immolat+ ! ,pas*al ,lamb1 ,*ri/ in/itut$ ?is sacram5t3 h5ce ?is day is said by ,john to prec$e ! day ( ! ,pas*1 :ile ! o!r ?ree ,evangeli/s call x ! fir/ day ( ! ,azymes1 :5 f]m5t$ bread 0 n f\nd 9 ! h\ses ( ! ,jews1 z /at$ above4 ,full] m5tion 0 made ( ?is 9 ! treatise on our ,"l's ,passion 7,q4 #df1 ,a4 #i1 ad #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,^? :o celebrate ! sacram5t ) unleav5$ bread d n int5d to foll[ ! c]emonial ( ! ,law1 b to con=m to ,*ri/'s in/itution2 s !y are n ,judaiz+2 o!rwise ^? celebrat+ 9 f]m5t$ bread w\ld be ,judaiz+1 because ! ,jews (f]$ up f]m5t$ bread = ! fir/-fruits4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,leav5 d5otes *>ity on acc\nt ( "o s+le effect1 because x makes ! bread m savory & l>g]2 b x also signifies corruption f its v nature4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,s9ce :atev] is f]m5t$ p>takes ( corruption1 ?is sacram5t may n be made f corrupt bread1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c1 ad #d72 consequ5tly1 !re is a wid] diff]5ce betwe5 unleav5$ & leav5$ bread ?an betwe5 w>m & cold baptismal wat]3 because !re might be su* corruption ( f]m5t$ bread t x c\ld n be validly us$ = ! sacram5t4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,w9e ( ! ,grape ,is ! ,prop] ,matt] ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t w9e ( ! grape is n ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,because1 z wat] is ! matt] ( ,baptism1 s is w9e ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,b ,baptism c be conf]r$ ) any k9d ( wat]4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t c be celebrat$ 9 any k9d ( w9e1 su* z ( pomegranates1 or ( mulb]ries2 s9ce v9es d n gr[ 9 "s c\ntries4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 v9eg> is a k9d ( w9e drawn f ! grape1 z ,isidore says 7,etym4 xx74 ,b ?is sacram5t _c be celebrat$ ) v9eg>4 ,!re=e1 x seems t w9e f ! grape is n ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z ! cl>ifi$ w9e is drawn f grapes1 s also are ! juice ( unripe grapes & mu/4 ,b x does n appe> t ?is sacram5t may be made f su*1 accord+ to :at we read 9 ! ,six? ,c\ncil 7,trull41 ,c4 #bh73 ,we h le>n$ t 9 "s *ur*es ! prie/s add grapes to ! sacrifice ( ! oblation2 & s !y disp5se bo? toge!r to ! p4 ,consequ5tly we give ord] t no prie/ %all d ?is 9 future4 ,& ,pope ,julius ,i rebukes "s prie/s :o (f] w9e press$ f ! grape 9 ! sacram5t ( ! ,"l's *alice4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t w9e f ! grape is n ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z our ,"l comp>$ ,himself to ! gra9 ( :eat1 s also ,he comp>$ ,himself to ! v9e1 say+ 7,john #ae3a73 ,i am ! true v9e4 ,b only bread f :eat is ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,!re=e1 only w9e f ! grape is ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is sacram5t c only be p]=m$ ) w9e f ! grape4 ,fir/ ( all on acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s in/itution1 s9ce ,he in/itut$ ?is sacram5t 9 w9e f ! grape1 z is evid5t f ,8 own words1 9 in/itut+ ?is sacram5t 7,matt4 #bf3bi73 ,i w n dr9k f h5ce=? ( ?is fruit ( ! v9e4 ,secondly1 because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c71 t is adopt$ z ! matt] ( ! sacram5ts :i* is prop]ly & univ]sally consid]$ z su*4 ,n[ t is prop]ly call$ w9e1 :i* is drawn f ! grape1 :]eas o!r liquors are call$ w9e f resemblance to ! w9e ( ! grape4 ,?irdly1 because ! w9e f ! grape is m 9 keep+ ) ! effect ( ?is sacram5t1 :i* is spiritual2 because x is writt5 7,ps4 #ajc3ae73 ,t w9e may *e] ! he>t ( man4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,su* liquors are call$ w9e1 n prop]ly b only f _! resemblance !reto4 ,b g5u9e w9e c be convey$ to su* c\ntries :]e9 ! grape-v9e does n fl\ri%1 9 a quantity suffici5t = ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,w9e becomes v9eg> by corruption2 h5ce !re is no return+ f v9eg> to w9e1 z is said 9 ,metaph4 viii4 ,& consequ5tly1 j z ?is sacram5t may n be made f bread :i* is utt]ly corrupt1 s nei!r c x be made f v9eg>4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 be made f w9e :i* is turn+ s\r1 j z f bread turn+ corrupt1 al?\gh he :o does s s9s1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! juice ( unripe grapes is at ! /age ( incomplete g5]ation1 & !re=e x has n yet ! species ( w9e3 on :i* acc\nt x may n be us$ = ?is sacram5t4 ,mu/1 h[ev]1 has already ! species ( w9e1 = its sweetness 99,aut dulcis mu/i ,vulcano decoquit humorem2 ,virgil1 ,georg4 i1 #bie indicates f]m5tation :i* is ! result ( its natural heat 7,meteor4 iv72 consequ5tly ?is sacram5t c be made f mu/4 ,nev]!less entire grapes ought n to be mix$ ) ?is sacram5t1 because !n !re w\ld be some?+ else besides w9e4 ,x is fur!rmore =bidd5 to (f] mu/ 9 ! *alice1 z soon z x has be5 squeez$ f ! grape1 s9ce ?is is unbecom+ ow+ to ! impurity ( ! mu/4 ,b 9 case ( necessity x may be done3 = x is said by ! same ,pope ,julius1 9 ! passage quot$ 9 ! argum5t3 ,if necess>y1 let ! grape be press$ into ! *alice4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,wat] ,%\ld ,be ,mix$ ) ! ,w9e8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t wat] ought n to be mix$ ) ! w9e1 s9ce ,*ri/'s sacrifice 0 =e%ad[$ by t ( ,mel*is$e*1 :o 7,g54 #ad3ah7 is relat$ to h (f]$ up bread & w9e only4 ,consequ5tly x seems t wat] %\ld n be add$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! v>i\s sacram5ts h _! respective matt]s4 ,b wat] is ! matt] ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e x %\ld n be employ$ z ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 bread & w9e are ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,b no?+ is add$ to ! bread4 ,!re=e nei!r %\ld any?+ be add$ to ! w9e4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pope ,alex&] ,i writes 7,ep4 #a ad omnes or?473 ,9 ! sacram5tal oblations :i* 9 mass are (f]$ to ! ,"l1 only bread & w9e mix$ ) wat] are to be (f]$ 9 sacrifice4 ,i answ] t1 ,wat] ought to be m+l$ ) ! w9e :i* is (f]$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,fir/ ( all on acc\nt ( its in/itution3 = x is believ$ ) probability t our ,"l in/itut$ ?is sacram5t 9 w9e temp]$ ) wat] accord+ to ! cu/om ( t c\ntry3 h5ce x is writt5 7,prov4 #i3e73 ,dr9k ! w9e :i* ,i h mix$ = y4 ,secondly1 because x h>monizes ) ! repres5tation ( our ,"l's ,passion3 h5ce ,pope ,alex&] ,i says 7,ep4 #a ad omnes or?473 ,9 ! ,"l's *alice nei!r w9e only nor wat] only ought to be (f]$1 b bo? mix$ because we read t bo? fl[$ f ,8 side 9 ! ,passion4 ,?irdly1 because ?is is adapt$ = signify+ ! effect ( ?is sacram5t1 s9ce z ,pope ,julius says 7,concil4 ,brac>5s iii1 ,c4 #a73 ,we see t ! p are signifi$ by ! wat]1 b ,*ri/'s blood by ! w9e4 ,!re=e :5 wat] is mix$ ) ! w9e 9 ! *alice1 ! p is made "o ) ,*ri/4 ,f\r?ly1 because ?is is appropriate to ! f\r? effect ( ?is sacram5t1 :i* is ! ent]+ into ev]la/+ life3 h5ce ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 v73 ,! wat] fl[s into ! *alice1 & spr+s =? unto ev]la/+ life4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 v71 j z ,*ri/'s sacrifice is d5ot$ by ! (f]+ ( ,mel*is$e*1 s likewise x is signifi$ by ! wat] :i* fl[$ f ! rock 9 ! des]t1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aj3d3 ,b !y drank ( ! spiritual rock :i* came aft] !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ,baptism wat] is us$ = ! purpose ( ablution3 b 9 ?is sacram5t x is us$ by way ( refre%m5t1 accord+ to ,ps4 #bb3c3 ,he ha? br\ght me up on ! wat] ( refre%m5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,bread is made ( wat] & fl\r2 & !re=e1 s9ce wat] is mix$ ) ! w9e1 nei!r is )\t wat]4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,mix+ ) ,wat] ,is ,ess5tial to ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! mix+ ) wat] is ess5tial to ?is sacram5t4 ,because ,cyprian says to ,cecilius 7,ep4 lxiii73 ,?us ! ,"l's *alice is n wat] only & w9e only1 b bo? mu/ be mix$ toge!r3 9 ! same way z nei!r ! ,"l's body be ( fl\r only1 except bo?1 i4e4 ! fl\r & ! wat] be unit$ z "o4 ,b ! admixture ( wat] ) ! fl\r is necess>y = ?is sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 = ! l reason1 s is ! mix+ ( wat] ) ! w9e4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 at our ,"l's ,passion1 ( :i* ?is is ! memorial1 wat] z well z blood fl[$ f ,8 side4 ,b w9e1 :i* is ! sacram5t ( ! blood1 is necess>y = ?is sacram5t4 ,= ! same reason1 !re=e1 s is wat]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if wat] 7 n ess5tial to ?is sacram5t1 x w\ld n matt] 9 ! lea/ :at k9d ( wat] 0 us$2 & s wat] di/ill$ f roses1 or any o!r k9d might be employ$2 :i* is contr>y to ! usage ( ! ,*ur*4 ,consequ5tly wat] is ess5tial to ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,cyprian says 7,ep4 lxiii73 ,if any ( our pr$ecessors1 out ( ignorance or simplicity1 has n kept ?is usage1 i4e4 ( mix+ wat] ) ! w9e1 "o may p>don 8 simplicity2 :i* w\ld n be ! case if wat] 7 ess5tial to ! sacram5t1 z ! w9e or ! bread4 ,!re=e ! m+l+ ( wat] ) ! w9e is n ess5tial to ! sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,judgm5t conc]n+ a sign is to be drawn f ! ?+ signifi$4 ,n[ ! add+ ( wat] to ! w9e is = ! purpose ( signify+ ! %>+ ( ?is sacram5t by ! fai?ful1 9 ?is respect t by ! mix+ ( ! wat] ) ! w9e is signifi$ ! union ( ! p ) ,*ri/1 z /at$ 7,a4 #f74 ,moreov]1 ! fl[+ ( wat] f ! side ( ,*ri/ hang+ on ! cross ref]s to ! same1 because by ! wat] is d5ot$ ! cleans+ f s9s1 :i* 0 ! effect ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,n[ x 0 obs]v$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #a1 ad #c71 t ?is sacram5t is complet$ 9 ! consecration ( ! matt]3 :ile ! usage ( ! fai?ful is n ess5tial to ! sacram5t1 b only a consequ5ce !re(4 ,consequ5tly1 !n1 ! add+ ( wat] is n ess5tial to ! sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,cyprian's expression is to be tak5 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* we say t a ?+ _c be1 :i* _c be suitably4 ,& s ! comp>ison ref]s to :at ought to be done1 n to :at is ess5tial to be done2 s9ce wat] is ( ! ess5ce ( bread1 b n ( ! ess5ce ( w9e4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! %$d+ ( ! blood belong$ directly to ,*ri/'s ,passion3 = x is natural = blood to fl[ f a w\nd$ human body4 ,b ! fl[+ ( ! wat] 0 n necess>y = ! ,passion2 b m]ely to %[ its effect1 :i* is to wa% away s9s1 & to refre% u f ! heat ( concupisc5ce4 ,& !re=e ! wat] is n (f]$ ap>t f ! w9e 9 ?is sacram5t1 z ! w9e is (f]$ ap>t f ! bread2 b ! wat] is (f]$ mix$ ) ! w9e to %[ t ! w9e belongs ( itself to ?is sacram5t1 z ( its v ess5ce2 b ! wat] z some?+ add$ to ! w9e4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,s9ce ! mix+ ( wat] ) ! w9e is n necess>y = ! sacram5t1 x does n matt]1 z to ! ess5ce ( ! sacram5t1 :at k9d ( wat] is add$ to ! w9e1 :e!r natural wat]1 or artificial1 z rose-wat]1 al?\gh1 z to ! propriety ( ! sacram5t1 he w\ld s9 :o mixes any o!r ?an natural & true wat]1 because true wat] fl[$ f ! side ( ,*ri/ hang+ on ! cross1 & n phlegm1 z "s h said1 9 ord] to %[ t ,*ri/'s body 0 truly compos$ ( ! f\r elem5ts2 z by ! fl[+ blood1 x 0 %[n to be compos$ ( ! f\r humors1 z ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii says 9 a c]ta9 ,decree4 ,b because ! mix+ ( wat] ) fl\r is ess5tial to ?is sacram5t1 z mak+ ! composition ( bread1 if rose-wat]1 or any o!r liquor besides true wat]1 be mix$ ) ! fl\r1 ! sacram5t w\ld n be valid1 because x w\ld n be true bread4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,wat] ,%\ld ,be ,add$ 9 ,great ,quantity8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t wat] ought to be add$ 9 great quantity1 because z blood fl[$ s5sibly f ,*ri/'s side1 s did wat]3 h5ce x is writt5 7,john #ai3ce73 ,he t saw x1 ha? giv5 te/imony4 ,b wat] c\ld n be s5sibly pres5t 9 ?is sacram5t except x 7 us$ 9 great quantity4 ,consequ5tly x seems t wat] ought to be add$ 9 great quantity4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 a little wat] mix$ ) mu* w9e is corrupt$4 ,b :at is corrupt$ no long] exi/s4 ,!re=e1 x is ! same ?+ to add a little wat] 9 ?is sacram5t z to add none4 ,b x is n lawful to add none4 ,!re=e1 nei!r is x lawful to add a little4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if x suffic$ to add a little1 !n z a consequ5ce x w\ld suffice to ?r[ "o drop ( wat] into an entire cask4 ,b ?is seems ridicul\s4 ,!re=e x does n suffice = a small quantity to be add$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is said 9 ! ,decretals 7,extra1 ,de ,celeb4 ,miss473 ,! p]nici\s abuse has prevail$ 9 y\r c\ntry ( add+ wat] 9 great] quantity ?an ! w9e1 9 ! sacrifice1 :]e accord+ to ! reasonable cu/om ( ! entire ,*ur* m w9e ?an wat] ought to be employ$4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re is a ?reefold op9ion reg>d+ ! wat] add$ to ! w9e1 z ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii says 9 a c]ta9 ,decretal4 ,= "s say t ! wat] rema9s by itself :5 ! w9e is *ang$ into blood3 b su* an op9ion _c /&1 because 9 ! sacram5t ( ! alt> aft] ! consecration !re is no?+ else save ! body & ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,because1 z ,ambrose says 9 ,de ,(ficiis 7,de ,my/]iis ix73 ,be=e ! bless+ x is ano!r species t is nam$1 aft] ! bless+ ! ,body is signifi$2 o!rwise x w\ld n be ador$ ) adoration ( latria4 ,& !re=e o!rs h said t z ! w9e is *ang$ into blood1 s ! wat] is *ang$ into ! wat] :i* fl[$ f ,*ri/'s side4 ,b ?is _c be ma9ta9$ reasonably1 because accord+ to ?is ! wat] w\ld be consecrat$ ap>t f ! w9e1 z ! w9e is f ! bread4 ,& !re=e z he 7,innoc5t ,,iii1 ,decretals1 ,extra1 ,de ,celeb4 ,miss47 says1 ! m probable op9ion is t :i* holds t ! wat] is *ang$ into w9e1 & ! w9e into blood4 ,n[1 ?is c\ld n be done unless s little wat] 0 us$ t x w\ld be *ang$ into w9e4 ,consequ5tly1 x is always saf] to add little wat]1 especially if ! w9e be weak1 because ! sacram5t c\ld n be celebrat$ if !re 7 su* addition ( wat] z to de/roy ! species ( ! w9e4 ,h5ce ,pope ,julius ,i repreh5ds "s :o keep ?r\gh\t ! ye> a l95 clo? /eep$ 9 mu/1 & at ! "t ( sacrifice wa% a "p ( x ) wat]1 & s make ! (f]+4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,= ! signification ( ?is sacram5t x suffices = ! wat] to be appreciable by s5se :5 x is mix$ ) ! w9e3 b x is n necess>y = x to be s5sible aft] ! m+l+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,if no wat] 7 add$1 ! signification w\ld be utt]ly exclud$3 b :5 ! wat] is *ang$ into w9e1 x is signifi$ t ! p is incorporat$ ) ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if wat] 7 add$ to a cask1 x w\ld n suffice = ! signification ( ?is sacram5t1 b ! wat] mu/ be add$ to ! w9e at ! actual celebration ( ! sacram5t4 ,,"q #ge ,,( ,,! ,,*ange ,,( ,,bread ,,& ,,w9e ,,into ,,! ,,body ,,& ,,blood ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we h to consid] ! *ange ( ! bread & w9e into ! body & blood ( ,*ri/2 "u :i* head !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! sub/ance ( bread & w9e rema9 9 ?is sacram5t aft] ! consecration899 7#b7 ,:e!r x is annihilat$8 7#c7 ,:e!r x is *ang$ into ! body & blood ( ,*ri/8 7#d7 ,:e!r ! accid5ts rema9 aft] ! *ange8 7#e7 ,:e!r ! sub/antial =m rema9s !re8 7#f7 ,:e!r ?is *ange is in/antane\s8 7#g7 ,:e!r x is m miracul\s ?an any o!r *ange8 7#h7 ,by :at words x may be suitably express$8 99,! titles ( ! ,articles "h giv5 7 tak5 by ,/4 ,?omas f 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,s5t5ces 7,s5t4 iv1 ,d1 #ij74 ,h[ev]1 9 writ+ ! ,articles he introduc$ a new po9t ( inquiry1 t ( ! ,fir/ ,article2 & sub/itut$ ano!r division ( ! matt] "u discussion1 z may be se5 by ref]r+ to ! titles ( ! v>i\s ,articles4 ,mo/ editions h ignor$ ,/4 ,?omas's orig9al division1 & give ! "o to :i* he subsequ5tly adh]$4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ge1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,body ( ,*ri/ ,be 9 ,?is ,sacram5t 9 ,v ,tru?1 or ,m]ely ,z 9 a ,figure or ,sign8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! body ( ,*ri/ is n 9 ?is sacram5t 9 v tru?1 b only z 9 a figure1 or sign4 ,= x is writt5 7,john #f3ed7 t :5 our ,"l _h utt]$ ^! words3 ,except y eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man1 & dr9k ,8 blood1 etc41 ,_m ( ,8 disciples on he>+ x said3 '?is is a h>d say+'3 to :om ,he rejo9$3 ,x is ! _s t quick5e?2 ! fle% pr(ite? no?+3 z if ,he 7 to say1 accord+ to ,augu/9e's exposition on ,ps4 #d 99,on ,ps4 #ih3i3 ,give a spiritual mean+ to :at ,i h said4 ,y are n to eat ?is body :i* y see1 nor to dr9k ! blood :i* !y :o crucify ,me are to spill4 ,x is a my/]y t ,i put be=e y3 9 its spiritual s5se x w quick5 y2 b ! fle% pr(ite? no?+4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l said 7,matt4 #bh3bj73 ,behold ,i am ) y all days ev5 to ! consummation ( ! _w4 ,n[ 9 expla9+ ?is1 ,augu/9e makes ?is obs]vation 7,tract4 xxx 9 ,joan473 ,! ,"l is on high until ! _w be end$2 nev]!less ! tru? ( ! ,"l is "h ) u2 = ! body1 9 :i* ,he rose aga91 mu/ be 9 "o place2 b ,8 tru? is spread abroad ev]y:]e4 ,!re=e1 ! body ( ,*ri/ is n 9 ?is sacram5t 9 v tru?1 b only z 9 a sign4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no body c be 9 sev]al places at ! "o "t4 ,= ?is does n ev5 belong to an angel2 s9ce = ! same reason x c\ld be ev]y:]e4 ,b ,*ri/'s is a true body1 & x is 9 heav54 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t x is n 9 v tru? 9 ! sacram5t ( ! alt>1 b only z 9 a sign4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! ,*ur*'s sacram5ts are orda9$ = ! pr(it ( ! fai?ful4 ,b accord+ to ,gregory 9 a c]ta9 ,homily 7xxviii 9 ,evang471 ! rul] is rebuk$ = dem&+ ,*ri/'s bodily pres5ce4 ,moreov] ! apo/les 7 prev5t$ f receiv+ ! ,holy ,gho/ because !y 7 atta*$ to ,8 bodily pres5ce1 z ,augu/9e says on ,john #af3g3 ,except ,i g1 ! ,p>aclete w n come to y 7,tract4 xciv 9 ,joan474 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n 9 ! sacram5t ( ! alt> accord+ to ,8 bodily pres5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,hil>y says 7,de ,tr94 viii73 ,!re is no room = d\bt reg>d+ ! tru? ( ,*ri/'s body & blood2 = n[ by our ,"l's own decl>+ & by our fai? ,8 fle% is truly food1 & ,8 blood is truly dr9k4 ,& ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 vi73 ,z ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ is ,god's true ,son s is x ,*ri/'s true fle% :i* we take1 & ,8 true blood :i* we dr9k4 ,i answ] t1 ,! pres5ce ( ,*ri/'s true body & blood 9 ?is sacram5t _c be detect$ by s5se1 nor und]/&+1 b by fai? alone1 :i* re/s ^u ,div9e au?ority4 ,h5ce1 on ,luke #bb3ai3 ,?is is ,my body :i* %all be deliv]$ up = y1 ,cyril says3 ,d\bt n :e!r ?is be true2 b take r ! ,savi\r's words ) fai?2 = s9ce ,he is ! ,tru?1 ,he lie? n4 ,n[ ?is is suitable1 fir/ = ! p]fection ( ! ,new ,law4 ,=1 ! sacrifices ( ! ,old ,law conta9$ only 9 figure t true sacrifice ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aj3a3 ,= ! law hav+ a %ad[ ( ! good ?+s to come1 n ! v image ( ! ?+s4 ,& !re=e x 0 necess>y t ! sacrifice ( ! ,new ,law in/itut$ by ,*ri/ %\ld h some?+ m1 namely1 t x %\ld conta9 ,*ri/ ,himself crucifi$1 n m]ely 9 signification or figure1 b also 9 v tru?4 ,& !re=e ?is sacram5t :i* conta9s ,*ri/ ,himself1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii71 is p]fective ( all ! o!r sacram5ts1 9 :i* ,*ri/'s virtue is p>ticipat$4 ,secondly1 ?is belongs to ,*ri/'s love1 out ( :i* = our salvation ,he assum$ a true body ( our nature4 ,& because x is ! special feature ( fri5d%ip to live toge!r ) fri5ds1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 ix71 ,he promises u ,8 bodily pres5ce z a rew>d1 say+ 7,matt4 #bd3bh73 ,:]e ! body is1 !re %all ! eagles be ga!r$ toge!r4 ,yet mean:ile 9 our pilgrimage ,he does n deprive u ( ,8 bodily pres5ce2 b unites u ) ,himself 9 ?is sacram5t ?r\gh ! tru? ( ,8 body & blood4 ,h5ce 7,john #f3eg7 he says3 ,he t eate? ,my fle%1 & dr9ke? ,my blood1 abide? 9 ,me1 & ,i 9 him4 ,h5ce ?is sacram5t is ! sign ( supreme *>ity1 & ! uplift] ( our hope1 f su* famili> union ( ,*ri/ ) u4 ,?irdly1 x belongs to ! p]fection ( fai?1 :i* conc]ns ,8 humanity j z x does ,8 ,godhead1 accord+ to ,john #ad3a3 ,y believe 9 ,god1 believe also 9 ,me4 ,& s9ce fai? is ( ?+s unse51 z ,*ri/ %[s u ,8 ,godhead invisibly1 s also 9 ?is sacram5t ,he %[s u ,8 fle% 9 an invisible mann]4 ,"s m5 accord+ly1 n pay+ he$ to ^! ?+s1 h cont5d$ t ,*ri/'s body & blood are n 9 ?is sacram5t except z 9 a sign1 a ?+ to be reject$ z h]etical1 s9ce x is contr>y to ,*ri/'s words4 ,h5ce ,b]5g>ius1 :o _h be5 ! fir/ devis] ( ?is h]esy1 0 aft]w>ds =c$ to )draw 8 error1 & to ackn[l$ge ! tru? ( ! fai?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,f ?is au?ority ! a=esaid h]etics h tak5 occasion to err f evilly und]/&+ ,augu/9e's words4 ,= :5 ,augu/9e says3 ,y are n to eat ?is body :i* y see1 he means n to exclude ! tru? ( ,*ri/'s body1 b t x 0 n to be eat5 9 ?is species 9 :i* x 0 se5 by !m4 ,& by ! words3 ,x is a my/]y t ,i put be=e y2 9 its spiritual s5se x w quick5 y1 he int5ds n t ! body ( ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t m]ely accord+ to my/ical signification1 b spiritually1 t is1 invisibly1 & by ! p[] ( ! _s4 ,h5ce 7,tract4 xxvii71 exp\nd+ ,john #f3fd3 ! fle% pr(ite? no?+1 he says3 ,yea1 b z !y und]/ood x1 = !y und]/ood t ! fle% 0 to be eat5 z x is divid$ piecemeal 9 a dead body1 or z sold 9 ! %ambles1 n z x is quick5$ by ! _s 4 4 4 ,let ! _s draw nigh to ! fle% 4 4 4 !n ! fle% pr(ite? v mu*3 = if ! fle% pr(ite? no?+1 ! ,^w _h n be5 made fle%1 t ,x might dwell among u4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,t say+ ( ,augu/9e & all o!rs l x are to be und]/ood ( ,*ri/'s body z x is beheld 9 its prop] species2 accord+ z our ,"l ,himself says 7,matt4 #bf3aa73 ,b ,me y h n always4 ,nev]!less ,he is invisibly "u ! species ( ?is sacram5t1 :]ev] ?is sacram5t is p]=m$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s body is n 9 ?is sacram5t 9 ! same way z a body is 9 a place1 :i* by its dim5sions is comm5surate ) ! place2 b 9 a special mann] :i* is prop] to ?is sacram5t4 ,h5ce we say t ,*ri/'s body is ^u _m alt>s1 n z 9 diff]5t places1 b sacram5tally3 & !reby we d n und]/& t ,*ri/ is !re only z 9 a sign1 al?\gh a sacram5t is a k9d ( sign2 b t ,*ri/'s body is "h aft] a fa%ion prop] to ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,?is argum5t holds good ( ,*ri/'s bodily pres5ce1 z ,he is pres5t aft] ! mann] ( a body1 t is1 z x is 9 its visible appe>ance1 b n z x is spiritually1 t is1 invisibly1 aft] ! mann] & by ! virtue ( ! _s4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e 7,tract4 xxvii 9 ,joan47 says3 ,if ?\ ha/ und]/ood ,*ri/'s words spiritually conc]n+ ,8 fle%1 !y are _s & life to !e2 if ?\ ha/ und]/ood !m c>nally1 !y are also _s & life1 b n to !e4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ge1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ! ,sub/ance ( ! ,bread & ,w9e ,rema9s ,aft] ! ,consecration8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e does rema9 9 ?is sacram5t aft] ! consecration3 because ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv73 ,s9ce x is cu/om>y = m5 to eat bread & dr9k w9e1 ,god has w$d$ 8 ,godhead to !m1 & made !m ,8 body & blood3 & fur!r on3 ,! bread ( communication is n simple bread1 b is unit$ to ! ,godhead4 ,b w$d+ toge!r belongs to ?+s actually exi/+4 ,!re=e ! bread & w9e are at ! same "t1 9 ?is sacram5t1 ) ! body & ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 !re ought to be con=mity betwe5 ! sacram5ts4 ,b 9 ! o!r sacram5ts ! sub/ance ( ! matt] rema9s1 l ! sub/ance ( wat] 9 ,baptism1 & ! sub/ance ( *rism 9 ,confirmation4 ,!re=e ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e rema9s also 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 bread & w9e are made use ( 9 ?is sacram5t1 inasmu* z !y d5ote ecclesia/ical unity1 z "o bread is made f _m gra9s & w9e f _m grapes1 z ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ! ,cre$ 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan474 ,b ?is belongs to ! sub/ance ( bread & w9e4 ,!re=e1 ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv73 ,al?\gh ! figure ( ! bread & w9e be se51 /ill1 aft] ! ,consecration1 !y are to be believ$ to be no?+ else ?an ! body end blood ( ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h held t ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t aft] ! consecration4 ,b ?is op9ion _c /&3 fir/ ( all1 because by su* an op9ion ! tru? ( ?is sacram5t is de/roy$1 to :i* x belongs t ,*ri/'s true body exi/s 9 ?is sacram5t2 :i* inde$ 0 n !re be=e ! consecration4 ,n[ a ?+ _c be 9 any place1 :]e x 0 n previ\sly1 except by *ange ( place1 or by ! conv]sion ( ano!r ?+ into itself2 j z fire beg9s anew to be 9 "s h\se1 ei!r because x is c>ri$ ?i!r1 or because x is g5]at$ !re4 ,n[ x is evid5t t ,*ri/'s body does n beg9 to be pres5t 9 ?is sacram5t by local motion4 ,fir/ ( all1 because x w\ld foll[ t x w\ld cease to be 9 heav53 = :at is mov$ locally does n come anew to "s place unless x quit ! =m] "o4 ,secondly1 because e body mov$ locally passes ?r\gh all int]m$i>y spaces1 :i* _c be said "h4 ,?irdly1 because x is n possible = "o movem5t ( ! same body mov$ locally to be t]m9at$ 9 diff]5t places at ! "o "t1 :]eas ! body ( ,*ri/ "u ?is sacram5t beg9s at ! "o "t to be 9 sev]al places4 ,& consequ5tly x rema9s t ,*ri/'s body _c beg9 to be anew 9 ?is sacram5t except by *ange ( ! sub/ance ( bread into itself4 ,b :at is *ang$ into ano!r ?+1 no long] rema9s aft] su* *ange4 ,h5ce ! conclusion is t1 sav+ ! tru? ( ?is sacram5t1 ! sub/ance ( ! bread _c rema9 aft] ! consecration4 ,secondly1 because ?is position is contr>y to ! =m ( ?is sacram5t1 9 :i* x is said3 ,?is is ,my body1 :i* w\ld n be true if ! sub/ance ( ! bread 7 to rema9 !re2 = ! sub/ance ( bread nev] is ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,r %\ld "o say 9 t case3 ,"h is ,my body4 ,?irdly1 because x w\ld be oppos$ to ! v5]ation ( ?is sacram5t1 if any sub/ance 7 !re1 :i* c\ld n be ador$ ) adoration ( latria4 ,f\r?ly1 because x is contr>y to ! rite ( ! ,*ur*1 accord+ to :i* x is n lawful to take ! body ( ,*ri/ aft] bodily food1 :ile x is nev]!less lawful to take "o consecrat$ ho/ aft] ano!r4 ,h5ce ?is op9ion is to be avoid$ z h]etical4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,god w$d$ ,8 ,godhead1 i4e4 ,8 ,div9e p[]1 to ! bread & w9e1 n t ^! may rema9 9 ?is sacram5t1 b 9 ord] t ,he may make f !m ,8 body & blood4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/ is n really pres5t 9 ! o!r sacram5ts1 z 9 ?is2 & !re=e ! sub/ance ( ! matt] rema9s 9 ! o!r sacram5ts1 b n 9 ?is4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! species :i* rema9 9 ?is sacram5t1 z %all be said lat] 7,a4 #e71 suffice = its signification2 because ! nature ( ! sub/ance is kn[n by its accid5ts4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ge1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,sub/ance ( ! ,bread or ,w9e ,is ,annihilat$ ,aft] ! ,consecration ( ,?is ,sacram5t1 or ,dissolv$ into ,_! ,orig9al ,matt]8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sub/ance ( ! bread is annihilat$ aft] ! consecration ( ?is sacram5t1 or dissolv$ into its orig9al matt]4 ,= :atev] is corporeal mu/ be some:]e4 ,b ! sub/ance ( bread1 :i* is some?+ corporeal1 does n rema91 9 ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b72 nor c we assign any place :]e x may be4 ,consequ5tly x is no?+ aft] ! consecration4 ,!re=e1 x is ei!r annihilat$1 or dissolv$ into its orig9al matt]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at is ! t]m :]efrom 9 e *ange exi/s no long]1 except 9 ! pot5tiality ( matt]2 e4g4 :5 air is *ang$ into fire1 ! =m ( ! air rema9s only 9 ! pot5tiality ( matt]2 & 9 l fa%ion :5 :at is :ite becomes black4 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t ! sub/ance ( ! bread or ( ! w9e is ! t]m :]efrom1 :ile ! body or ! blood ( ,*ri/ is ! t]m :]eunto3 = ,ambrose says 9 ,de ,(ficiis 7,de ,my/]4 ix73 ,be=e ! bless+ x is call$ ano!r species1 aft] ! bless+ ! body ( ,*ri/ is signifi$4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! consecration takes place1 ! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e no long] rema9s1 unless p]*ance dissolv$ into its 7orig9al7 matt]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 "o ( two contradictories mu/ be true4 ,b ?is proposition is false3 ,aft] ! consecration ! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e is some?+4 ,consequ5tly1 ?is is true3 ,! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e is no?+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,q4 #hc73 ,god is n ! cause ( t5d+ to no?+4 ,b ?is sacram5t is wr\ght by ,div9e p[]4 ,!re=e1 9 ?is sacram5t ! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e is n annihilat$4 ,i answ] t1 ,because ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e does n rema9 9 ?is sacram5t1 "s1 deem+ t x is impossible = ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e to be *ang$ into ,*ri/'s fle% & blood1 h ma9ta9$ t by ! consecration1 ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e is ei!r dissolv$ into ! orig9al matt]1 or t x is annihilat$4 ,n[ ! orig9al matt] into :i* mix$ bodies c be dissolv$ is ! f\r elem5ts4 ,= dissolution _c be made into prim>y matt]1 s t a subject c exi/ )\t a =m1 s9ce matt] _c exi/ )\t a =m4 ,b s9ce aft] ! consecration no?+ rema9s "u ! sacram5tal species except ! body & ! blood ( ,*ri/1 x w be necess>y to say t ! elem5ts into :i* ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e is dissolv$1 dep>t f !nce by local motion1 :i* w\ld be p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,9 l mann] also ! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e rema9s until ! la/ in/ant ( ! consecration2 b 9 ! la/ in/ant ( ! consecration !re is already pres5t !re ! sub/ance ( ! body or blood ( ,*ri/1 j z ! =m is already pres5t 9 ! la/ in/ant ( g5]ation4 ,h5ce no in/ant c be assign$ 9 :i* ! orig9al matt] c be !re4 ,= x _c be said t ! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e is dissolv$ gradually into ! orig9al matt]1 or t x successively quits ! species1 = if ?is began to be done 9 ! la/ in/ant ( its consecration1 !n at ! "o "t "u "p ( ! ho/ !re w\ld be ! body ( ,*ri/ toge!r ) ! sub/ance ( bread1 :i* is contr>y to :at has be5 said above 7,a4 #b74 ,b if ?is beg9 to come to pass be=e ! consecration1 !re w !n be a "t 9 :i* "u "o "p ( ! ho/ !re w be nei!r ! sub/ance ( bread nor ! body ( ,*ri/1 :i* is n fitt+4 ,!y seem inde$ to h tak5 ?is into c>eful consid]ation1 :]e=e !y =mulat$ _! proposition ) an alt]native viz4 t 7! sub/ance7 may be annihilat$4 ,b ev5 ?is _c /&1 because no way c be assign$ :]eby ,*ri/'s true body c beg9 to be 9 ?is sacram5t1 except by ! *ange ( ! sub/ance ( bread into x1 :i* *ange is exclud$ ! mom5t we admit ei!r annihilation ( ! sub/ance ( ! bread1 or dissolution into ! orig9al matt]4 ,likewise no cause c be assign$ = su* dissolution or annihilation1 s9ce ! effect ( ! sacram5t is signifi$ by ! =m3 ,?is is ,my body4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ! a=esaid op9ion is false4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e1 aft] ! consecration1 rema9s nei!r "u ! sacram5tal species1 nor else:]e2 yet x does n foll[ t x is annihilat$2 = x is *ang$ into ! body ( ,*ri/2 j z if ! air1 f :i* fire is g5]at$1 be n !re or else:]e1 x does n foll[ t x is annihilat$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! =m1 :i* is ! t]m :]efrom1 is n *ang$ into ano!r =m2 b "o =m succe$s ano!r 9 ! subject2 & !re=e ! fir/ =m rema9s only 9 ! pot5tiality ( matt]4 ,b "h ! sub/ance ( ! bread is *ang$ into ! body ( ,*ri/1 z /at$ above4 ,h5ce ! conclusion does n foll[4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh aft] ! consecration ?is proposition is false3 ,! sub/ance ( ! bread is some?+1 /ill t into :i* ! sub/ance ( ! bread is *ang$1 is some?+1 & consequ5tly ! sub/ance ( ! bread is n annihilat$4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ge1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,bread ,c ,be ,conv]t$ into ! ,body ( ,*ri/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t bread _c be conv]t$ into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,= conv]sion is a k9d ( *ange4 ,b 9 e *ange !re mu/ be "s subject1 :i* f be+ previ\sly 9 pot5tiality is n[ 9 act4 because z is said 9 ,phys4 iii3 motion is ! act ( a ?+ exi/+ 9 pot5tiality4 ,b no subject c be assign$ = ! sub/ance ( ! bread & ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 because x is ( ! v nature ( sub/ance = x n to be 9 a subject1 z x is said 9 ,pra$ic4 iii4 ,!re=e x is n possible = ! :ole sub/ance ( ! bread to be conv]t$ into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! =m ( ! ?+ into :i* ano!r is conv]t$1 beg9s anew to inh]e 9 ! matt] ( ! ?+ conv]t$ into x3 z :5 air is *ang$ into fire n already exi/+1 ! =m ( fire beg9s anew to be 9 ! matt] ( ! air2 & 9 l mann] :5 food is conv]t$ into non-pre-exi/+ man1 ! =m ( ! man beg9s to be anew 9 ! matt] ( ! food4 ,!re=e1 if bread be *ang$ into ! body ( ,*ri/1 ! =m ( ,*ri/'s body mu/ necess>ily beg9 to be 9 ! matt] ( ! bread1 :i* is false4 ,consequ5tly1 ! bread is n *ang$ into ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :5 two ?+s are div]se1 "o nev] becomes ! o!r1 z :it5ess nev] becomes blackness1 z is /at$ 9 ,phys4 i4 ,b s9ce two contr>y =ms are ( !mselves div]se1 z be+ ! pr9ciples ( =mal diff]5ce1 s two signate matt]s are ( !mselves div]se1 z be+ ! pr9ciples ( mat]ial di/9ction4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n possible = ?is matt] ( bread to become ?is matt] :]eby ,*ri/'s body is individuat$1 & s x is n possible = ?is sub/ance ( bread to be *ang$ into ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,eusebius ,emes5us says3 ,to !e x ought nei!r to be a novelty nor an impossibility t e>?ly & mortal ?+s be *ang$ into ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 s9ce ,*ri/'s true body is 9 ?is sacram5t1 & s9ce x does n beg9 to be !re by local motion1 nor is x conta9$ !re9 z 9 a place1 z is evid5t f :at 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b71 x mu/ be said !n t x beg9s to be !re by conv]sion ( ! sub/ance ( bread into itself4 ,yet ?is *ange is n l natural *anges1 b is entirely sup]natural1 & effect$ by ,god's p[] alone4 ,h5ce ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv73 ,see h[ ,*ri/'s ^w *anges nature's laws1 z ,he wills3 a man is n wont to be born save ( man & woman3 see !re=e t aga9/ ! e/abli%$ law & ord] a man is born ( a ,virg93 & 99,! passage 9 ! brackets is n 9 ! ,leon9e edition 7,de ,my/]4 iv73 ,x is cle> t a ,virg9 begot beyond ! ord] ( nature3 & :at we make is ! body f ! ,virg94 ,:y1 !n1 d y look = nature's ord] 9 ,*ri/'s body1 s9ce ! ,"l ,jesus 0 ,himself br\ght =? ( a ,virg9 beyond nature8 ,*ryso/om likewise 7,hom4 xlvii71 comm5t+ on ,john #f3fd3 ,! words :i* ,i h spok5 to y1 namely1 ( ?is sacram5t1 are _s & life1 says3 i4e4 spiritual1 hav+ no?+ c>nal1 nor natural consequ5ce2 b !y are r5t f all su* necessity :i* exi/s ^u e>?1 & f ! laws "h e/abli%$4 ,= x is evid5t t e ag5t acts accord+ z x is 9 act4 ,b e creat$ ag5t is limit$ 9 its act1 z be+ ( a det]m9ate g5us & species3 & consequ5tly ! action ( e creat$ ag5t be>s ^u "s det]m9ate act4 ,n[ ! det]m9ation ( e ?+ 9 actual exi/5ce comes f its =m4 ,consequ5tly1 no natural or creat$ ag5t c act except by *ang+ ! =m 9 some?+2 & on ?is acc\nt e *ange made accord+ to nature's laws is a =mal *ange4 ,b ,god is inf9ite act1 z /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #g1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #bf1 ,a4 #b72 h5ce ,8 action ext5ds to ! :ole nature ( be+4 ,!re=e ,he c "w n only =mal conv]sion1 s t div]se =ms succe$ ea* o!r 9 ! same subject2 b also ! *ange ( all be+1 s t1 to wit1 ! :ole sub/ance ( "o ?+ be *ang$ into ! :ole sub/ance ( ano!r4 ,& ?is is done by ,div9e p[] 9 ?is sacram5t2 = ! :ole sub/ance ( ! bread is *ang$ into ! :ole sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body1 & ! :ole sub/ance ( ! w9e into ! :ole sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s blood4 ,h5ce ?is is n a =mal1 b a sub/antial conv]sion2 nor is x a k9d ( natural movem5t3 b1 ) a "n ( its own1 x c be call$ transub/antiation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is objection holds good 9 respect ( =mal *ange1 because x belongs to a =m to be 9 matt] or 9 a subject2 b x does n hold good 9 respect ( ! *ange ( ! entire sub/ance4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ?is sub/antial *ange implies a c]ta9 ord] ( sub/ances1 "o ( :i* is *ang$ into ! o!r1 x is 9 bo? sub/ances z 9 a subject1 j z ord] & numb]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t also is true ( =mal conv]sion or *ange1 because1 z /at$ above 7ad #a71 a =m mu/ be 9 "s matt] or subject4 ,b ?is is n s 9 a *ange ( ! entire sub/ance2 = 9 ?is case no subject is possible4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,=m _c be *ang$ into =m1 nor matt] into matt] by ! p[] ( any f9ite ag5t4 ,su* a *ange1 h[ev]1 c be made by ! p[] ( an inf9ite ag5t1 :i* has control ov] all be+1 because ! nature ( be+ is common to bo? =ms & to bo? matt]s2 & :atev] !re is ( be+ 9 ! "o1 ! au?or ( be+ c *ange into :atev] !re is ( be+ 9 ! o!r1 )draw+ t :]eby x 0 di/+ui%$ f ! o!r4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ge1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,accid5ts ( ! ,bread & ,w9e ,rema9 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ,aft] ! ,*ange8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! accid5ts ( ! bread & w9e d n rema9 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,= :5 t :i* comes fir/ is remov$1 t :i* foll[s is also tak5 away4 ,b sub/ance is naturally be=e accid5t1 z is prov$ 9 ,metaph4 vii4 ,s9ce1 !n1 aft] consecration1 ! sub/ance ( ! bread does n rema9 9 ?is sacram5t1 x seems t its accid5ts _c rema94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 !re ought n to be any deception 9 a sacram5t ( tru?4 ,b we judge ( sub/ance by accid5ts4 ,x seems1 !n1 t human judgm5t is deceiv$1 if1 :ile ! accid5ts rema91 ! sub/ance ( ! bread does n4 ,consequ5tly ?is is unbecom+ to ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 al?\gh our fai? is n subject to reason1 /ill x is n contr>y to reason1 b above x1 z 0 said 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is "w 7,i1 ,q4 #a1 ,a4 #f1 ad #b2 ,a4 #h74 ,b our reason has its orig9 9 ! s5ses4 ,!re=e our fai? ought n to be contr>y to ! s5ses1 z x is :5 s5se judges t to be bread :i* fai? believes to be ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,!re=e x is n befitt+ ?is sacram5t = ! accid5ts ( bread to rema9 subject to ! s5ses1 & = ! sub/ance ( bread n to rema94 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 :at rema9s aft] ! *ange has tak5 place seems to be ! subject ( *ange4 ,if !re=e ! accid5ts ( ! bread rema9 aft] ! *ange has be5 effect$1 x seems t ! accid5ts are ! subject ( ! *ange4 ,b ?is is impossible2 = an accid5t _c h an accid5t 7,metaph4 iii74 ,!re=e ! accid5ts ( ! bread & w9e ought n to rema9 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ! ,s5t5ces ( ,prosp] 7,lanfranc1 ,de ,corp4 et ,sang4 ,dom4 xiii73 ,"u ! species :i* we behold1 ( bread & w9e1 we honor invisible ?+s1 i4e4 fle% & blood4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is evid5t to s5se t all ! accid5ts ( ! bread & w9e rema9 aft] ! consecration4 ,& ?is is reasonably done by ,div9e provid5ce4 ,fir/ ( all1 because x is n cu/om>y1 b horrible1 = m5 to eat human fle%1 & to dr9k blood4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/'s fle% & blood are set be=e u to be p>tak5 ( "u ! species ( ^? ?+s :i* are ! m commonly us$ by m51 namely1 bread & w9e4 ,secondly1 le/ ?is sacram5t might be d]id$ by unbeliev]s1 if we 7 to eat our ,"l "u ,8 own species4 ,?irdly1 t :ile we receive our ,"l's body & blood invisibly1 ?is may r$\nd to ! m]it ( fai?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z is said 9 ! book ,de ,causis1 an effect dep5ds m on ! fir/ cause ?an on ! second4 ,& !re=e by ,god's p[]1 :i* is ! fir/ cause ( all ?+s1 x is possible = t :i* foll[s to rema91 :ile t :i* is fir/ is tak5 away4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,!re is no deception 9 ?is sacram5t2 = ! accid5ts :i* are disc]n$ by ! s5ses are truly pres5t4 ,b ! intellect1 ^: prop] object is sub/ance z is said 9 ,de ,anima iii1 is pres]v$ by fai? f deception4 ,& ?is s]ves z answ] to ! ?ird argum5t2 because fai? is n contr>y to ! s5ses1 b conc]ns ?+s to :i* s5se does n rea*4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,?is *ange has n prop]ly a subject1 z 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #d1 ad #a72 nev]!less ! accid5ts :i* rema9 h "s resemblance ( a subject4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ge1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,sub/antial ,=m ( ! ,bread ,rema9s 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ,aft] ! ,consecration8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sub/antial =m ( ! bread rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t aft] ! consecration4 ,= x has be5 said 7,a4 #e7 t ! accid5ts rema9 aft] ! consecration4 ,b s9ce bread is an artificial ?+1 its =m is an accid5t4 ,!re=e x rema9s aft] ! consecration4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! =m ( ,*ri/'s body is ,8 s\l3 = x is said 9 ,de ,anima ii1 t ! s\l is ! act ( a physical body :i* has life 9 pot5tiality4 ,b x _c be said t ! sub/antial =m ( ! bread is *ang$ into ! s\l4 ,!re=e x appe>s t x rema9s aft] ! consecration4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! prop] op]ation ( a ?+s foll[s its sub/antial =m4 ,b :at rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t1 n\ri%es1 & p]=ms e op]ation :i* bread w\ld d 7 x pres5t4 ,!re=e ! sub/antial =m ( ! bread rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t aft] ! consecration4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! sub/antial =m ( bread is ( ! sub/ance ( bread4 ,b ! sub/ance ( ! bread is *ang$ into ! body ( ,*ri/1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #b1 #c1 #d74 ,!re=e ! sub/antial =m ( ! bread does n rema94 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h cont5d$ t aft] ! consecration n only d ! accid5ts ( ! bread rema91 b also its sub/antial =m4 ,b ?is _c be4 ,fir/ ( all1 because if ! sub/antial =m ( ! bread 7 to rema91 no?+ ( ! bread w\ld be *ang$ into ! body ( ,*ri/1 except+ ! matt]2 & s x w\ld foll[ t x w\ld be *ang$1 n into ! :ole body ( ,*ri/1 b into its matt]1 :i* is repugnant to ! =m ( ! sacram5t1 :]e9 x is said3 ,?is is ,my body4 ,secondly1 because if ! sub/antial =m ( ! bread 7 to rema91 x w\ld rema9 ei!r 9 matt]1 or sep>at$ f matt]4 ,! fir/ _c be1 = if x 7 to rema9 9 ! matt] ( ! bread1 !n ! :ole sub/ance ( ! bread w\ld rema91 :i* is aga9/ :at 0 said above 7,a4 #b74 ,nor c\ld x rema9 9 any o!r matt]1 because ! prop] =m exi/s only 9 its prop] matt]4 ,b if x 7 to rema9 sep>ate f matt]1 x w\ld !n be an actually intelligible =m1 & also an intellig5ce2 = all =ms sep>at$ f matt] are su*4 ,?irdly1 x w\ld be unbefitt+ ?is sacram5t3 because ! accid5ts ( ! bread rema9 9 ?is sacram5t1 9 ord] t ! body ( ,*ri/ may be se5 "u !m1 & n "u its prop] species1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e74 ,& !re=e x mu/ be said t ! sub/antial =m ( ! bread does n rema94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,!re is no?+ to prev5t art f mak+ a ?+ ^: =m is n an accid5t1 b a sub/antial =m2 z frogs & s]p5ts c be produc$ by art3 = art produces su* =ms n by its own p[]1 b by ! p[] ( natural en]gies4 ,& 9 ?is way x produces ! sub/antial =ms ( bread1 by ! p[] ( fire bak+ ! matt] made up ( fl\r & wat]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! s\l is ! =m ( ! body1 giv+ x ! :ole ord] ( p]fect be+1 i4e4 be+1 corporeal be+1 & animat$ be+1 & s on4 ,!re=e ! =m ( ! bread is *ang$ into ! =m ( ,*ri/'s body1 accord+ z ! latt] gives corporeal be+1 b n accord+ z x be/[s animat$ be+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,"s ( ! op]ations ( bread foll[ x by reason ( ! accid5ts1 su* z to affect ! s5ses1 & su* op]ations are f\nd 9 ! species ( ! bread aft] ! consecration on acc\nt ( ! accid5ts :i* rema94 ,b "s o!r op]ations foll[ ! bread ei!r by reason ( ! matt]1 su* z t x is *ang$ into some?+ else1 or else by reason ( ! sub/antial =m1 su* z an op]ation consequ5t ^u its species1 = in/ance1 t x /r5g!ns man's he>t 7,ps4 #ajc3ae72 & su* op]ations are f\nd 9 ?is sacram5t1 n on acc\nt ( ! =m or matt] rema9+1 b because !y are be/[$ miracul\sly ^u ! accid5ts !mselves1 z w be said lat] 7,q4 #gg1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b1 #c2 ,,aa4 #e1 #f74 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ge1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,?is ,*ange ,is ,wr\ght ,in/antane\sly8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is *ange is n wr\ght in/antane\sly1 b successively4 ,= 9 ?is *ange !re is fir/ ! sub/ance ( bread1 & aft]w>ds ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,nei!r1 !n1 is 9 ! same in/ant1 b 9 two in/ants4 ,b !re is a mid-"t betwe5 e two in/ants4 ,!re=e ?is *ange mu/ take place accord+ to ! succession ( "t1 :i* is betwe5 ! la/ in/ant 9 :i* ! bread is !re1 & ! fir/ in/ant 9 :i* ! body ( ,*ri/ is pres5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 e *ange some?+ is 9 becom+ & some?+ is 9 be+4 ,b ^! two ?+s d n exi/ at ! "o "t =1 :at is 9 becom+1 is n yet1 :]eas :at is 9 be+1 already is4 ,consequ5tly1 !re is a be=e & an aft] 9 su* *ange3 & s necess>ily ! *ange _c be in/antane\s1 b successive4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv7 t ?is sacram5t is made by ! words ( ,*ri/4 ,b ,*ri/'s words are pron\nc$ successively4 ,!re=e ! *ange takes place successively4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,?is *ange is effect$ by a p[] :i* is inf9ite1 to :i* x belongs to op]ate 9 an in/ant4 ,i answ] t1 ,a *ange may be in/antane\s f a ?reefold reason4 ,fir/ on ! "p ( ! =m1 :i* is ! t]m9us ( ! *ange4 ,=1 if x be a =m t receives m & less1 x is acquir$ by its subject successively1 su* z heal?2 & !re=e because a sub/antial =m does n receive m & less1 x foll[s t its introduction into matt] is in/antane\s4 ,secondly on ! "p ( ! subject1 :i* sometimes is prep>$ successively = receiv+ ! =m2 ?us wat] is heat$ successively4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! subject itself is 9 ! ultimate disposition = receiv+ ! =m1 x receives x sudd5ly1 z a transp>5t body is illum9at$ sudd5ly4 ,?irdly on ! "p ( ! ag5t1 :i* possesses inf9ite p[]3 :]e=e x c in/antly dispose ! matt] = ! =m4 ,?us x is writt5 7,mk4 #g3cd7 t :5 ,*ri/ _h said1 ',ephpheta1' :i* is ',be ?\ op5$1' imm$iately 8 e>s 7 op5$1 & ! /r+ ( 8 tongue 0 loos$4 ,= ^! ?ree reasons ?is conv]sion is in/antane\s4 ,fir/1 because ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body :i* is ! t]m ( ?is conv]sion1 does n receive m or less4 ,secondly1 because 9 ?is conv]sion !re is no subject to be dispos$ successively4 ,?irdly1 because x is effect$ by ,god's inf9ite p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,"s 99,cf4 ,alb]t ! ,great1 ,s5t4 iv1 ,d1 #aa2 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 ,s5t41 iv1 ,d1 #aa d n grant simply t !re is a mid-"t betwe5 e two in/ants4 ,= !y say t ?is is true ( two in/ants ref]r+ to ! same movem5t1 b n if !y ref] to diff]5t ?+s4 ,h5ce betwe5 ! in/ant t m>ks ! close ( re/1 & ano!r :i* m>ks ! beg9n+ ( movem5t1 !re is no mid-"t4 ,b 9 ?is !y are mi/ak51 because ! unity ( "t & ( in/ant1 or ev5 _! plurality1 is n tak5 accord+ to movem5ts ( any sort1 b accord+ to ! fir/ movem5t ( ! heav5s1 :i* is ! measure ( all movem5t & re/4 ,accord+ly o!rs grant ?is ( ! "t :i* measures movem5t dep5d+ on ! movem5t ( ! heav5s4 ,b !re are "s movem5ts :i* are n dep5d5t on ! movem5t ( ! heav5s1 nor measur$ by x1 z 0 said 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ec1 ,a4 #c7 conc]n+ ! movem5ts ( ! angels4 ,h5ce betwe5 two in/ants respond+ to ^? movem5ts !re is no mid-"t4 ,b ?is is n to ! po9t1 because al?\gh ! *ange 9 "q has no relation ( itself to ! movem5t ( ! heav5s1 /ill x foll[s ! pron\nc+ ( ! words1 :i* 7pron\nc+7 mu/ necess>ily be measur$ by ! movem5t ( ! heav5s4 ,& !re=e !re mu/ ( necessity be a mid-"t betwe5 e two signate in/ants 9 connection ) t *ange4 ,"s say !re=e t ! in/ant 9 :i* ! bread 0 la/1 & ! in/ant 9 :i* ! body ( ,*ri/ is fir/1 are inde$ two 9 comp>ison ) ! ?+s measur$1 b are "o comp>atively to ! "t measur+2 z :5 two l9es t\*1 !re are two po9ts on ! "p ( ! two l9es1 b "o po9t on ! "p ( ! place conta9+ !m4 ,b "h !re is no lik5ess1 because in/ant & "t is n ! intr9sic measure ( p>ticul> movem5ts1 z a l9e & po9t are ( a body1 b only ! extr9sic measure1 z place is to bodies4 ,h5ce o!rs say t x is ! same in/ant 9 fact1 b ano!r accord+ to reason4 ,b accord+ to ?is x w\ld foll[ t ?+s really opposite w\ld exi/ toge!r2 = div]sity ( reason does n *ange a ?+ objectively4 ,& !re=e x mu/ be said t ?is *ange1 z /at$ above1 is wr\ght by ,*ri/'s words :i* are spok5 by ! prie/1 s t ! la/ in/ant ( pron\nc+ ! words is ! fir/ in/ant 9 :i* ,*ri/'s body is 9 ! sacram5t2 & t ! sub/ance ( ! bread is !re dur+ ! :ole prec$+ "t4 ,( ?is "t no in/ant is to be tak5 z proximately prec$+ ! la/ "o1 because "t is n made up ( successive in/ants1 z is prov$ 9 ,phys4 vi4 ,& !re=e a fir/ in/ant c be assign$ 9 :i* ,*ri/'s body is pres5t2 b a la/ in/ant _c be assign$ 9 :i* ! sub/ance ( bread is !re1 b a la/ "t c be assign$4 ,& ! same holds good 9 natural *anges1 z is evid5t f ! ,philosoph] 7,phys4 viii74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 in/antane\s *anges a ?+ is 9 becom+1 & is 9 be+ simultane\sly2 j z becom+ illum9at$ & to be actually illum9at$ are simultane\s3 = 9 su*1 a ?+ is said to be 9 be+ accord+ z x n[ is2 b to be 9 becom+1 accord+ z x 0 n be=e4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7ad #a71 ?is *ange comes ab\t 9 ! la/ in/ant ( ! pron\nc+ ( ! words4 ,= !n ! mean+ ( ! words is f9i%$1 :i* mean+ is efficaci\s 9 ! =ms ( ! sacram5ts4 ,& !re=e x does n foll[ t ?is *ange is successive4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ge1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,?is ,proposition ,is ,false3 ,! ,body ( ,*ri/ ,is ,made ,out ( ,bread8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is proposition is false3 ,! body ( ,*ri/ is made out ( bread4 ,= ev]y?+ out ( :i* ano!r is made1 is t :i* is made ! o!r2 b n conv]sely3 = we say t a black ?+ is made out ( a :ite ?+1 & t a :ite ?+ is made black3 & al?\gh we may say t a man becomes black /ill we d n say t a black ?+ is made out ( a man1 z is %[n 9 ,phys4 i4 ,if x be true1 !n1 t ,*ri/'s body is made out ( bread1 x w be true to say t bread is made ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,b ?is seems to be false1 because ! bread is n ! subject ( ! mak+1 b r its t]m4 ,!re=e1 x is n said truly t ,*ri/'s body is made out ( bread4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! t]m ( becom+ is some?+ t is1 or some?+ t is made4 ,b ?is proposition is nev] true3 ,! bread is ! body ( ,*ri/2 or ,! bread is made ! body ( ,*ri/2 or aga91 ,! bread w be ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x seems t n ev5 ?is is true3 ,! body ( ,*ri/ is made out ( bread4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ev]y?+ out ( :i* ano!r is made is conv]t$ into t :i* is made f x4 ,b ?is proposition seems to be false3 ,! bread is conv]t$ into ! body ( ,*ri/1 because su* conv]sion seems to be m miracul\s ?an ! creation ( ! _w1 9 :i* x is n said t non-be+ is conv]t$ into be+4 ,!re=e x seems t ?is proposition likewise is false3 ,! body ( ,*ri/ is made out ( bread4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 t out ( :i* some?+ is made1 c be t ?+4 ,b ?is proposition is false3 ,bread c be ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ?is is likewise false3 ,! body ( ,*ri/ is made out ( bread4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv73 ,:5 ! consecration takes place1 ! body ( ,*ri/ is made out ( ! bread4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is conv]sion ( bread into ! body ( ,*ri/ has some?+ 9 common ) creation1 & ) natural transmutation1 & 9 "s respect diff]s f bo?4 ,= ! ord] ( ! t]ms is common to ^! ?ree2 t is1 t aft] "o ?+ !re is ano!r 7=1 9 creation !re is be+ aft] non-be+2 9 ?is sacram5t1 ,*ri/'s body aft] ! sub/ance ( bread2 9 natural transmutation :ite aft] black1 or fire aft] air72 & t ! a=esaid t]ms are n coexi/5t4 ,n[ ! conv]sion1 ( :i* we are speak+1 has ?is 9 common ) creation1 t 9 nei!r ( !m is !re any common subject belong+ to ei!r ( ! extremes2 ! contr>y ( :i* appe>s 9 e natural transmutation4 ,aga91 ?is conv]sion has some?+ 9 common ) natural transmutation 9 two respects1 al?\gh n 9 ! same fa%ion4 ,fir/ ( all because 9 bo?1 "o ( ! extremes passes into ! o!r1 z bread into ,*ri/'s body1 & air into fire2 :]eas non-be+ is n conv]t$ into be+4 ,b ?is comes to pass diff]5tly on ! "o side & on ! o!r2 = 9 ?is sacram5t ! :ole sub/ance ( ! bread passes into ! :ole body ( ,*ri/2 :]eas 9 natural transmutation ! matt] ( ! "o receives ! =m ( ! o!r1 ! previ\s =m be+ laid aside4 ,secondly1 !y h ?is 9 common1 t on bo? sides some?+ rema9s ! same2 :]eas ?is does n happ5 9 creation3 yet diff]5tly2 = ! same matt] or subject rema9s 9 natural transmutation2 :]eas 9 ?is sacram5t ! same accid5ts rema94 ,f ^! obs]vations we c ga!r ! v>i\s ways ( speak+ 9 su* matt]s4 ,=1 because 9 no "o ( ! a=esaid ?ree ?+s are ! extremes coexi/5t1 !re=e 9 none ( !m c "o extreme be pr$icat$ ( ! o!r by ! sub/antive v]b ( ! pres5t t5se3 = we d n say1 ,non-be+ is be+ or1 ,bread is ! body ( ,*ri/1 or1 ,air is fire1 or1 ,:ite is black4 ,yet because ( ! relation%ip ( ! extremes 9 all ( !m we c use ! preposition ex 7out (71 :i* d5otes ord]2 = we c truly & prop]ly say t be+ is made out ( non-be+1 & out ( bread1 ! body ( ,*ri/1 & out ( air1 fire1 & out ( :ite1 black4 ,b because 9 creation "o ( ! extremes does n pass into ! o!r1 we _c use ! ^w conv]sion 9 creation1 s z to say t non-be+ is conv]t$ into be+3 we c1 h[ev]1 use ! ^w 9 ?is sacram5t1 j z 9 natural transmutation4 ,b s9ce 9 ?is sacram5t ! :ole sub/ance is conv]t$ into ! :ole sub/ance1 on t acc\nt ?is conv]sion is prop]ly t]m$ transub/antiation4 ,aga91 s9ce !re is no subject ( ?is conv]sion1 ! ?+s :i* are true 9 natural conv]sion by reason ( ! subject1 are n to be grant$ 9 ?is conv]sion4 ,& 9 ! fir/ place inde$ x is evid5t t pot5tiality to ! opposite foll[s a subject1 by reason :]e( we say t a :ite ?+ c be black1 or t air c be fire2 al?\gh ! latt] is n s prop] z ! =m]3 = ! subject ( :it5ess1 9 :i* !re is pot5tiality to blackness1 is ! :ole sub/ance ( ! :ite ?+2 s9ce :it5ess is n a "p !re(2 :]eas ! subject ( ! =m ( air is "p !re(3 h5ce :5 x is said1 ,air c be fire1 x is v]ifi$ by synecdo*e by reason ( ! "p4 ,b 9 ?is conv]sion1 & simil>ly 9 creation1 because !re is no subject1 x is n said t "o extreme c be ! o!r1 z t non-be+ c be be+1 or t bread c be ! body ( ,*ri/3 & = ! same reason x _c be prop]ly said t be+ is made ( 7de7 non-be+1 or t ! body ( ,*ri/ is made ( bread1 because ?is preposition ( 7de7 d5otes a consub/antial cause1 :i* consub/antiality ( ! extremes 9 natural transmutations is consid]$ accord+ to some?+ common 9 ! subject4 ,& = ! same reason x is n grant$ t bread w be ! body ( ,*ri/1 or t x may become ! body ( ,*ri/1 j z x is n grant$ 9 creation t non-be+ w be be+1 or t non-be+ may become be+1 because ?is mann] ( speak+ is v]ifi$ 9 natural transmutations by reason ( ! subject3 = in/ance1 :5 we say t a :ite ?+ becomes black1 or a :ite ?+ w be black4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce 9 ?is sacram5t1 aft] ! *ange1 some?+ rema9s ! same1 namely1 ! accid5ts ( ! bread1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e71 "s ( ^! expressions may be admitt$ by way ( similitude1 namely1 t bread is ! body ( ,*ri/1 or1 bread w be ! body ( ,*ri/1 or ! body ( ,*ri/ is made ( bread2 provid$ t by ! ^w bread is n und]/ood ! sub/ance ( bread1 b 9 g5]al t :i* is conta9$ "u ! species ( bread1 "u :i* species !re is fir/ conta9$ ! sub/ance ( bread1 & aft]w>ds ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,t out ( :i* some?+ else is made1 sometimes implies toge!r ) ! subject1 "o ( ! extremes ( ! transmutation1 z :5 x is said a black ?+ is made out ( a :ite "o2 b sometimes x implies only ! opposite or ! extreme1 z :5 x is said--out ( morn+ comes ! day4 ,& s x is n grant$ t ! latt] becomes ! =m]1 t is1 t morn+ becomes ! day4 ,s likewise 9 ! matt] 9 h&1 al?\gh x may be said prop]ly t ! body ( ,*ri/ is made out ( bread1 yet x is n said prop]ly t bread becomes ! body ( ,*ri/1 except by similitude1 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,t out ( :i* ano!r is made1 w sometimes be t o!r because ( ! subject :i* is impli$4 ,& !re=e1 s9ce !re is no subject ( ?is *ange1 ! comp>ison does n hold4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ?is *ange !re are _m m difficulties ?an 9 creation1 9 :i* !re is b ?is "o difficulty1 t some?+ is made out ( no?+2 yet ?is belongs to ! prop] mode ( production ( ! fir/ cause1 :i* presupposes no?+ else4 ,b 9 ?is conv]sion n only is x difficult = ?is :ole to be *ang$ into t :ole1 s t no?+ ( ! =m] may rema9 7:i* does n belong to ! common mode ( production ( a cause71 b fur!rmore x has ?is difficulty t ! accid5ts rema9 :ile ! sub/ance is de/roy$1 & _m o!r difficulties ( :i* we %all treat h]eaft] 7,q4 #gg74 ,nev]!less ! ^w conv]sion is admitt$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 b n 9 creation1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z 0 obs]v$ above1 pot5tiality belongs to ! subject1 :]eas !re is no subject 9 ?is conv]sion4 ,& !re=e x is n grant$ t bread c be ! body ( ,*ri/3 = ?is conv]sion does n come ab\t by ! passive pot5tiality ( ! creature1 b solely by ! active p[] ( ! ,creator4 ,,"q #gf ,,( ,,! ,,way ,,9 ,,:i* ,,*ri/ ,,is ,,9 ,,?is ,,sacram5t 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! mann] 9 :i* ,*ri/ exi/s 9 ?is sacram5t2 & "u ?is head !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! :ole ,*ri/ is "u ?is sacram5t8 7#b7 ,:e!r ! entire ,*ri/ is "u ea* species ( ! sacram5t8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! entire ,*ri/ is "u e "p ( ! species8 7#d7 ,:e!r all ! dim5sions ( ,*ri/'s body are 9 ?is sacram5t8 7#e7 ,:e!r ! body ( ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t locally8 7#f7 ,:e!r aft] ! consecration1 ! body ( ,*ri/ is mov$ :5 ! ho/ or *alice is mov$8 7#g7 ,:e!r ,*ri/'s body1 z x is 9 ?is sacram5t1 c be se5 by ! eye8 7#h7 ,:e!r ! true body ( ,*ri/ rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t :5 ,he is se5 "u ! appe>ance ( a *ild or ( fle%8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gf1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,:ole ,*ri/ ,is ,conta9$ ,"u ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! :ole ,*ri/ is n conta9$ "u ?is sacram5t1 because ,*ri/ beg9s to be 9 ?is sacram5t by conv]sion ( ! bread & w9e4 ,b x is evid5t t ! bread & w9e _c be *ang$ ei!r into ! ,godhead or into ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,s9ce !re=e ,*ri/ exi/s 9 ?ree sub/ances1 namely1 ! ,godhead1 s\l & body1 z %[n above 7,q4 #b1 ,a4 #e2 ,q4 #e1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c71 x seems t ! entire ,*ri/ is n "u ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t1 =asmu* z x is orda9$ to ! refection ( ! fai?ful1 :i* consi/s 9 food & dr9k1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a74 ,b our ,"l said 7,john #f3ef73 ,my fle% is meat inde$1 & ,my blood is dr9k inde$4 ,!re=e1 only ! fle% & blood ( ,*ri/ are conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,b !re are _m o!r p>ts ( ,*ri/'s body1 = in/ance1 ! n]ves1 bones1 & su* l4 ,!re=e ! entire ,*ri/ is n conta9$ "u ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a body ( great] quantity _c be conta9$ "u ! measure ( a less]4 ,b ! measure ( ! bread & w9e is mu* small] ?an ! measure ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,!re=e x is impossible t ! entire ,*ri/ be conta9$ "u ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,(ficiis73 ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is absolutely necess>y to confess accord+ to ,ca?olic fai? t ! entire ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,yet we mu/ "k t !re is some?+ ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is sacram5t 9 a tw(old mann]3 fir/1 z x 71 by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t2 secondly1 f natural concomitance4 ,by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 !re is "u ! species ( ?is sacram5t t into :i* ! pre-exi/+ sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e is *ang$1 z express$ by ! words ( ! =m1 :i* are effective 9 ?is z 9 ! o!r sacram5ts2 = in/ance1 by ! words3 ,?is is ,my body1 or1 ,?is is ,my blood4 ,b f natural concomitance !re is also 9 ?is sacram5t t :i* is really unit$ ) t ?+ :]e9 ! a=esaid conv]sion is t]m9at$4 ,= if any two ?+s be really unit$1 !n :]ev] ! "o is really1 !re mu/ ! o!r also be3 s9ce ?+s really unit$ toge!r are only di/+ui%$ by an op]ation ( ! m9d4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,because ! *ange ( ! bread & w9e is n t]m9at$ at ! ,godhead or ! s\l ( ,*ri/1 x foll[s z a consequ5ce t ! ,godhead or ! s\l ( ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t n by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 b f real concomitance4 ,= s9ce ! ,godhead nev] set aside ! assum$ body1 :]ev] ! body ( ,*ri/ is1 !re1 ( necessity1 mu/ ! ,godhead be2 & !re=e x is necess>y = ! ,godhead to be 9 ?is sacram5t concomitantly ) ,8 body4 ,h5ce we read 9 ! pr(ession ( fai? at ,ephesus 7,p4 ,i41 *ap4 xxvi73 ,we are made p>tak]s ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 n z tak+ common fle%1 nor z ( a holy man unit$ to ! ,^w 9 dignity1 b ! truly life-giv+ fle% ( ! ,^w ,himself4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,8 s\l 0 truly sep>at$ f ,8 body1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ej1 ,a4 #e74 ,& !re=e _h ?is sacram5t be5 celebrat$ dur+ ^? ?ree days :5 ,he 0 dead1 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ w\ld n h be5 !re1 nei!r by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 nor f real concomitance4 ,b s9ce ,*ri/ ris+ f ! dead die? n[ no m 7,rom4 #f3i71 ,8 s\l is always really unit$ ) ,8 body4 ,& !re=e 9 ?is sacram5t ! body inde$ ( ,*ri/ is pres5t by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 b ,8 s\l f real concomitance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t !re is conta9$ "u x1 z to ! species ( ! bread1 n only ! fle%1 b ! entire body ( ,*ri/1 t is1 ! bones ! n]ves1 & ! l4 ,& ?is is app>5t f ! =m ( ?is sacram5t1 :]e9 x is n said3 ,?is is ,my fle%1 b ,?is is ,my body4 ,accord+ly1 :5 our ,"l said 7,john #f3ef73 ,my fle% is meat inde$1 !re ! ^w fle% is put = ! entire body1 because accord+ to human cu/om x seems to be m adapt$ = eat+1 z m5 commonly are f$ on ! fle% ( animals1 b n on ! bones or ! l4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z has be5 already /at$ 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #e71 aft] ! consecration ( ! bread into ! body ( ,*ri/1 or ( ! w9e into ,8 blood1 ! accid5ts ( bo? rema94 ,f :i* x is evid5t t ! dim5sions ( ! bread or w9e are n *ang$ into ! dim5sions ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 b sub/ance into sub/ance4 ,& s ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body or blood is "u ?is sacram5t by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 b n ! dim5sions ( ,*ri/'s body or blood4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ! body ( ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t by way ( sub/ance1 & n by way ( quantity4 ,b ! prop] totality ( sub/ance is conta9$ indiff]5tly 9 a small or l>ge quantity2 z ! :ole nature ( air 9 a great or small am\nt ( air1 & ! :ole nature ( a man 9 a big or small individual4 ,:]e=e1 aft] ! consecration1 ! :ole sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body & blood is conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 j z ! :ole sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e 0 conta9$ !re be=e ! consecration4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gf1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,:ole ,*ri/ ,is ,conta9$ ,"u ,ea* ,species ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! :ole ,*ri/ is n conta9$ "u bo? species ( ?is sacram5t4 ,= ?is sacram5t is orda9$ = ! salvation ( ! fai?ful1 n by virtue ( ! species1 b by virtue ( :at is conta9$ "u ! species1 because ! species 7 !re ev5 be=e ! consecration1 f :i* comes ! p[] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,if no?+1 !n1 be conta9$ "u "o species1 b :at is conta9$ "u ! o!r1 & if ! :ole ,*ri/ be conta9$ "u bo?1 x seems t "o ( !m is sup]flu\s 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x 0 /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #a7 t all ! o!r p>ts ( ! body1 su* z ! bones1 n]ves1 & ! l1 are compris$ "u ! "n ( fle%4 ,b ! blood is "o ( ! p>ts ( ! human body1 z ,ari/otle proves 7,de ,anima ,hi/or4 i74 ,if1 !n1 ,*ri/'s blood be conta9$ "u ! species ( bread1 j z ! o!r p>ts ( ! body are conta9$ !re1 ! blood ought n to be consecrat$ ap>t1 j z no o!r "p ( ! body is consecrat$ sep>ately4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :at is once 9 be+ _c be aga9 9 becom+4 ,b ,*ri/'s body has already begun to be 9 ?is sacram5t by ! consecration ( ! bread4 ,!re=e1 x _c beg9 aga9 to be !re by ! consecration ( ! w9e2 & s ,*ri/'s body w n be conta9$ "u ! species ( ! w9e1 & accord+ly nei!r ! entire ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ! :ole ,*ri/ is n conta9$ "u ea* species4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! gloss on #a ,cor4 #aa3be1 comm5t+ on ! ^w ,*alice1 says t "u ea* species1 namely1 ( ! bread & w9e1 ! same is receiv$2 & ?us x seems t ,*ri/ is entire "u ea* species4 ,i answ] t1 ,aft] :at we h said above 7,a4 #a71 x mu/ be held mo/ c]ta9ly t ! :ole ,*ri/ is "u ea* sacram5tal species yet n alike 9 ea*4 ,= ! body ( ,*ri/ is inde$ pres5t "u ! species ( bread by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 :ile ! blood is !re f real concomitance1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #a7 9 reg>d to ! s\l & ,godhead ( ,*ri/2 & "u ! species ( w9e ! blood is pres5t by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 & ,8 body by real concomitance1 z is also ,8 s\l & ,godhead3 because n[ ,*ri/'s blood is n sep>at$ f ,8 body1 z x 0 at ! "t ( ,8 ,passion & dea?4 ,h5ce if ?is sacram5t _h be5 celebrat$ !n1 ! body ( ,*ri/ w\ld h be5 "u ! species ( ! bread1 b )\t ! blood2 &1 "u ! species ( ! w9e1 ! blood w\ld h be5 pres5t )\t ! body1 z x 0 !n1 9 fact4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh ! :ole ,*ri/ is "u ea* species1 yet x is s n )\t purpose4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place ?is s]ves to repres5t ,*ri/'s ,passion1 9 :i* ! blood 0 sep>at$ f ! body2 h5ce 9 ! =m = ! consecration ( ! blood m5tion is made ( its %$d+4 ,secondly1 x is 9 keep+ ) ! use ( ?is sacram5t1 t ,*ri/'s body be %[n ap>t to ! fai?ful z food1 & ! blood z dr9k4 ,?irdly1 x is 9 keep+ ) its effect1 9 :i* s5se x 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a7 t ! body is (f]$ = ! salvation ( ! body1 & ! blood = ! salvation ( ! s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ( :i* ?is is ! memorial1 ! o!r p>ts ( ! body 7 n sep>at$ f "o ano!r1 z ! blood 01 b ! body rema9$ entire1 accord+ to ,ex4 #ab3df3 ,y %all n break a bone !re(4 ,& !re=e 9 ?is sacram5t ! blood is consecrat$ ap>t f ! body1 b no o!r "p is consecrat$ sep>ately f ! re/4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above1 ! body ( ,*ri/ is n "u ! species ( w9e by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 b by real concomitance3 & !re=e by ! consecration ( ! w9e ! body ( ,*ri/ is n !re ( itself1 b concomitantly4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gf1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,is ,entire ,"u ,e ,"p ( ! ,species ( ! ,bread & ,w9e8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ is n entire "u e "p ( ! species ( bread & w9e4 ,because ^? species c be divid$ inf9itely4 ,if !re=e ,*ri/ be entirely "u e "p ( ! said species1 x w\ld foll[ t ,he is 9 ?is sacram5t an inf9ite numb] ( times3 :i* is unreasonable2 because ! inf9ite is repugnant n only to nature1 b likewise to grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 s9ce ,*ri/'s is an organic body1 x has p>ts det]m9ately di/ant4 ,= a det]m9ate di/ance ( ! individual p>ts f ea* o!r is ( ! v nature ( an organic body1 z t ( eye f eye1 & eye f e>4 ,b ?is c\ld n be s1 if ,*ri/ 7 entire "u e "p ( ! species2 = e "p w\ld h to be "u e o!r "p1 & s :]e "o "p w\ld be1 !re ano!r "p w\ld be4 ,x _c be !n t ! entire ,*ri/ is "u e "p ( ! ho/ or ( ! w9e conta9$ 9 ! *alice4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s body always reta9s ! true nature ( a body1 nor is x ev] *ang$ into a _s4 ,n[ x is ! nature ( a body = x to be quantity hav+ position 7,pr$ic4 iv74 ,b x belongs to ! nature ( ?is quantity t ! v>i\s p>ts exi/ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( place4 ,!re=e1 app>5tly x is impossible = ! entire ,*ri/ to be "u e "p ( ! species4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 a s]mon 7,gregory1 ,sacram5t>ium73 ,ea* receives ,*ri/ ! ,"l1 ,:o is entire "u e morsel1 nor is ,he less 9 ea* portion1 b be/[s ,himself entire "u ea*4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 obs]v$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c71 because ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 :ile dim5sive quantity is !re by reason ( real concomitance1 consequ5tly ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t sub/antively1 t is1 9 ! way 9 :i* sub/ance is "u dim5sions1 b n aft] ! mann] ( dim5sions1 :i* means1 n 9 ! way 9 :i* ! dim5sive quantity ( a body is "u ! dim5sive quantity ( place4 ,n[ x is evid5t t ! :ole nature ( a sub/ance is "u e "p ( ! dim5sions "u :i* x is conta9$2 j z ! entire nature ( air is "u e "p ( air1 & ! entire nature ( bread "u e "p ( bread2 & ?is indiff]5tly1 :e!r ! dim5sions be actually divid$ 7z :5 ! air is divid$ or ! bread cut71 or :e!r !y be actually undivid$1 b pot5tially divisible4 ,& !re=e x is manife/ t ! entire ,*ri/ is "u e "p ( ! species ( ! bread1 ev5 :ile ! ho/ rema9s entire1 & n m]ely :5 x is brok51 z "s say1 giv+ ! example ( an image :i* appe>s 9 a mirror1 :i* appe>s z "o 9 ! unbrok5 mirror1 :]eas :5 ! mirror is brok51 !re is an image 9 ea* "p ( ! brok5 mirror3 = ! comp>ison is n p]fect1 because ! multiply+ ( su* images results 9 ! brok5 mirror on acc\nt ( ! v>i\s reflections 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! mirror2 b "h !re is only "o consecration1 :]eby ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,numb] foll[s division1 & !re=e s long z quantity rema9s actually undivid$1 nei!r is ! sub/ance ( any ?+ sev]al times "u its prop] dim5sions1 nor is ,*ri/'s body sev]al times "u ! dim5sions ( ! bread2 & consequ5tly n an inf9ite numb] ( times1 b j z _m times z x is divid$ into p>ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! det]m9ate di/ance ( p>ts 9 an organic body is bas$ ^u its dim5sive quantity2 b ! nature ( sub/ance prec$es ev5 dim5sive quantity4 ,& s9ce ! conv]sion ( ! sub/ance ( ! bread is t]m9at$ at ! sub/ance ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 & s9ce accord+ to ! mann] ( sub/ance ! body ( ,*ri/ is prop]ly & directly 9 ?is sacram5t2 su* di/ance ( p>ts is inde$ 9 ,*ri/'s true body1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n comp>$ to ?is sacram5t accord+ to su* di/ance1 b accord+ to ! mann] ( its sub/ance1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is argum5t is bas$ on ! nature ( a body1 aris+ f dim5sive quantity4 ,b x 0 said above 7ad #b7 t ,*ri/'s body is comp>$ ) ?is sacram5t n by reason ( dim5sive quantity1 b by reason ( its sub/ance1 z already /at$4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gf1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,:ole ,dim5sive ,quantity ( ,*ri/'s ,body ,is 9 ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! :ole dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body is n 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,= x 0 said 7,a4 #c7 t ,*ri/'s entire body is conta9$ "u e "p ( ! consecrat$ ho/4 ,b no dim5sive quantity is conta9$ entirely 9 any :ole1 & 9 its e "p4 ,!re=e x is impossible = ! entire dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body to be !re4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is impossible = two dim5sive quantities to be toge!r1 ev5 ?\gh "o be sep>ate f its subject1 & ! o!r 9 a natural body1 z is cle> f ! ,philosoph] 7,metaph4 iii74 ,b ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t1 z is evid5t to our s5ses4 ,consequ5tly1 ! dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body is n !re4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if two unequal dim5sive quantities be set side by side1 ! great] w ov]lap ! less]4 ,b ! dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body is consid]ably l>g] ?an ! dim5sive quantity ( ! consecrat$ ho/ accord+ to e dim5sion4 ,!re=e1 if ! dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body be 9 ?is sacram5t toge!r ) ! dim5sive quantity ( ! ho/1 ! dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body is ext5d$ beyond ! quantity ( ! ho/1 :i* nev]!less is n )\t ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,!re=e1 ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body w be 9 ?is sacram5t ev5 outside ! species ( ! bread1 :i* is unreasonable1 s9ce ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t1 only by ! consecration ( ! bread1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,consequ5tly1 x is impossible = ! :ole dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body to be 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! exi/5ce ( ! dim5sive quantity ( any body _c be sep>at$ f ! exi/5ce ( its sub/ance4 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t ! entire sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body is pres5t1 z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #c74 ,!re=e ! entire dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 any "p ( ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t 9 two ways3 9 "o way1 by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t2 9 ano!r1 f real concomitance4 ,by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t ! dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body is n 9 ?is sacram5t2 =1 by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t t is pres5t 9 ?is sacram5t1 :]eat ! conv]sion is t]m9at$4 ,b ! conv]sion :i* takes place 9 ?is sacram5t is t]m9at$ directly at ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body1 & n at its dim5sions2 :i* is evid5t f ! fact t ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread rema9s aft] ! consecration1 :ile only ! sub/ance ( ! bread passes away4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body is n really depriv$ ( its dim5sive quantity & its o!r accid5ts1 h5ce x comes t by reason ( real concomitance ! :ole dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body & all its o!r accid5ts are 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! mann] ( be+ ( e ?+ is det]m9$ by :at belongs to x ( itself1 & n accord+ to :at is c\pl$ accid5tally ) x3 ?us an object is pres5t to ! sight1 accord+ z x is :ite1 & n accord+ z x is sweet1 al?\gh ! same object may be bo? :ite & sweet2 h5ce sweetness is 9 ! sight aft] ! mann] ( :it5ess1 & n aft] t ( sweetness4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body is pres5t on ! alt> by ! p[] ( ?is sacram5t1 :ile its dim5sive quantity is !re concomitantly & z x 7 accid5tally1 !re=e ! dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t1 n accord+ to its prop] mann] 7namely1 t ! :ole is 9 ! :ole1 & ! individual p>ts 9 individual p>ts71 b aft] ! mann] ( sub/ance1 ^: nature is = ! :ole to be 9 ! :ole1 & ! :ole 9 e "p4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,two dim5sive quantities _c naturally be 9 ! same subject at ! same "t1 s t ea* be !re accord+ to ! prop] mann] ( dim5sive quantity4 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread is !re aft] its prop] mann]1 t is1 accord+ to comm5suration3 n s ! dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body1 = t is !re aft] ! mann] ( sub/ance1 z /at$ above 7ad #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! dim5sive quantity ( ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t n by way ( comm5suration1 :i* is prop] to quantity1 & to :i* x belongs = ! great] to be ext5d$ beyond ! less]2 b 9 ! way m5tion$ above 7ad #a1 #b74 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gf1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,is 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ,z 9 a ,place8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t z 9 a place4 ,because1 to be 9 a place def9itively or circumscriptively belongs to be+ 9 a place4 ,b ,*ri/'s body seems to be def9itively 9 ?is sacram5t1 because x is s pres5t :]e ! species ( ! bread & w9e are1 t x is n[h]e else ^u ! alt>3 likewise x seems to be !re circumscriptively1 because x is s conta9$ "u ! species ( ! consecrat$ ho/1 t x nei!r exce$s x nor is exce$$ by x4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t z 9 a place4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! place ( ! bread & w9e is n empty1 because nature abhors a vacuum2 nor is ! sub/ance ( ! bread !re1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #b72 b only ! body ( ,*ri/ is !re4 ,consequ5tly ! body ( ,*ri/ fills t place4 ,b :atev] fills a place is !re locally4 ,!re=e ! body ( ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t locally4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d71 ! body ( ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t ) its dim5sive quantity1 & ) all its accid5ts4 ,b to be 9 a place is an accid5t ( a body2 h5ce :]e is numb]$ among ! n9e k9ds ( accid5ts4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t locally4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! place & ! object plac$ mu/ be equal1 z is cle> f ! ,philosoph] 7,phys4 iv74 ,b ! place1 :]e ?is sacram5t is1 is mu* less ?an ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body is n 9 ?is sacram5t z 9 a place4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c2 ,a4 #c71 ,*ri/'s body is 9 ?is sacram5t n aft] ! prop] mann] ( dim5sive quantity1 b r aft] ! mann] ( sub/ance4 ,b e body occupy+ a place is 9 ! place accord+ to ! mann] ( dim5sive quantity1 namely1 inasmu* z x is comm5surate ) ! place accord+ to its dim5sive quantity4 ,h5ce x rema9s t ,*ri/'s body is n 9 ?is sacram5t z 9 a place1 b aft] ! mann] ( sub/ance1 t is to say1 9 t way 9 :i* sub/ance is conta9$ by dim5sions2 because ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body succe$s ! sub/ance ( bread 9 ?is sacram5t3 h5ce z ! sub/ance ( bread 0 n locally "u its dim5sions1 b aft] ! mann] ( sub/ance1 s nei!r is ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,nev]!less ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body is n ! subject ( ^? dim5sions1 z 0 ! sub/ance ( ! bread3 & !re=e ! sub/ance ( ! bread 0 !re locally by reason ( its dim5sions1 because x 0 comp>$ ) t place ?r\gh ! m$ium ( its own dim5sions2 b ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body is comp>$ ) t place ?r\gh ! m$ium ( =eign dim5sions1 s t1 on ! contr>y1 ! prop] dim5sions ( ,*ri/'s body are comp>$ ) t place ?r\gh ! m$ium ( sub/ance2 :i* is contr>y to ! notion ( a locat$ body4 ,h5ce 9 no way is ,*ri/'s body locally 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s body is n 9 ?is sacram5t def9itively1 because !n x w\ld be only on ! p>ticul> alt> :]e ?is sacram5t is p]=m$3 :]eas x is 9 heav5 "u its own species1 & on _m o!r alt>s "u ! sacram5tal species4 ,likewise x is evid5t t x is n 9 ?is sacram5t circumscriptively1 because x is n !re accord+ to ! comm5suration ( its own quantity1 z /at$ above4 ,b t x is n outside ! sup]ficies ( ! sacram5t1 nor on any o!r "p ( ! alt>1 is due n to its be+ !re def9itively or circumscriptively1 b to its be+ !re by consecration & conv]sion ( ! bread & w9e1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a2 ,q4 #ae1 ,a4 #b1 sqq474 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! place 9 :i* ,*ri/'s body is1 is n empty2 nor yet is x prop]ly fill$ ) ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body1 :i* is n !re locally1 z /at$ above2 b x is fill$ ) ! sacram5tal species1 :i* h to fill ! place ei!r because ( ! nature ( dim5sions1 or at lea/ miracul\sly1 z !y also subsi/ miracul\sly aft] ! fa%ion ( sub/ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #d71 ! accid5ts ( ,*ri/'s body are 9 ?is sacram5t by real concomitance4 ,& !re=e ^? accid5ts ( ,*ri/'s body :i* are intr9sic to x are 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,b to be 9 a place is an accid5t :5 comp>$ ) ! extr9sic conta9]4 ,& !re=e x is n necess>y = ,*ri/ to be 9 ?is sacram5t z 9 a place4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gf1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,is 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ,movably8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/'s body is movably 9 ?is sacram5t1 because ! ,philosoph] says 7,topic4 ii7 t :5 we are mov$1 ! ?+s )9 u are mov$3 & ?is is true ev5 ( ! s\l's spiritual sub/ance4 ,b ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t1 z %[n above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e ,he is mov$ :5 x is mov$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! tru? ought to correspond ) ! figure4 ,b1 accord+ to ! comm&m5t 7,ex4 #ab3aj71 conc]n+ ! ,pas*al ,lamb1 a figure ( ?is sacram5t1 !re rema9$ no?+ until ! morn+4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 if ?is sacram5t be res]v$ until morn+1 w ,*ri/'s body be !re2 & s x is n immovably 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if ,*ri/'s body 7 to rema9 "u ?is sacram5t ev5 until ! morr[1 = ! same reason x w rema9 !re dur+ all com+ "t2 = x _c be said t x ceases to be !re :5 ! species pass1 because ! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/'s body is n dep5d5t on ^? species4 ,yet ,*ri/ does n rema9 9 ?is sacram5t = all com+ "t4 ,x seems1 !n1 t /raightway on ! morr[1 or aft] a %ort "t1 ,he ceases to be "u ?is sacram5t4 ,& s x seems t ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t movably4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is impossible = ! same ?+ to be 9 motion & at re/1 else contradictories w\ld be v]ifi$ ( ! same subject4 ,b ,*ri/'s body is at re/ 9 heav54 ,!re=e x is n movably 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,:5 any ?+ is "o1 z to subject1 & manifold 9 be+1 !re is no?+ to h9d] x f be+ mov$ 9 "o respect1 & yet to rema9 at re/ 9 ano!r j z x is "o ?+ = a body to be :ite1 & ano!r ?+1 to be l>ge2 h5ce x c be mov$ z to its :it5ess1 & yet cont9ue unmov$ z to its magnitude4 ,b 9 ,*ri/1 be+ 9 ,himself & be+ "u ! sacram5t are n ! same ?+1 because :5 we say t ,he is "u ?is sacram5t1 we express a k9d ( relation%ip to ?is sacram5t4 ,accord+ to ?is be+1 !n1 ,*ri/ is n mov$ locally ( ,himself1 b only accid5tally1 because ,*ri/ is n 9 ?is sacram5t z 9 a place1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e74 ,b :at is n 9 a place1 is n mov$ ( itself locally1 b only accord+ to ! motion ( ! subject 9 :i* x is4 ,9 ! same way nei!r is x mov$ ( itself accord+ to ! be+ :i* x has 9 ?is sacram5t1 by any o!r *ange :atev]1 z = in/ance1 t x ceases to be "u ?is sacram5t3 because :atev] possesses unfail+ exi/5ce ( itself1 _c be ! pr9ciple ( fail+2 b :5 some?+ else fails1 !n x ceases to be 9 x2 j z ,god1 ,^: exi/5ce is unfail+ & immortal1 ceases to be 9 "s corruptible creature because su* corruptible creature ceases to exi/4 ,& 9 ?is way1 s9ce ,*ri/ has unfail+ & incorruptible be+1 ,he ceases to be "u ?is sacram5t1 n because ,he ceases to be1 nor yet by local movem5t ( ,8 own1 z is cle> f :at has be5 said1 b only by ! fact t ! sacram5tal species cease to exi/4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ,*ri/1 /rictly speak+ is immovably 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t deals ) accid5tal movem5t1 :]eby ?+s )9 u are mov$ toge!r ) u4 ,b ) ?+s :i* c ( !mselves be 9 a place1 l bodies1 x is o!rwise ?an ) ?+s :i* _c ( !mselves be 9 a place1 su* z =ms & spiritual sub/ances4 ,& to ?is mode c be r$uc$ :at we say ( ,*ri/1 be+ mov$ accid5tally1 accord+ to ! exi/5ce :i* ,he has 9 ?is sacram5t1 9 :i* ,he is n pres5t z 9 a place4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x 0 ?is argum5t :i* seems to h conv9c$ ^? :o held t ,*ri/'s body does n rema9 "u ?is sacram5t if x be res]v$ until ! morr[4 ,x is aga9/ ^! t ,cyril says 7,ep4 lxxxiii73 ,"s are s fooli% z to say t ! my/ical bless+ dep>ts f ! sacram5t1 if any ( its fragm5ts rema9 until ! next day3 = ,*ri/'s consecrat$ body is n *ang$1 & ! p[] ( ! bless+1 & ! life-giv+ grace is p]petually 9 x4 ,?us are all o!r consecrations irremovable s long z ! consecrat$ ?+s endure2 on :i* acc\nt !y are n repeat$4 ,& al?\gh ! tru? corresponds ) ! figure1 /ill ! figure _c equal x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! body ( ,*ri/ rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t n only until ! morr[1 b also 9 ! future1 s long z ! sacram5tal species rema93 & :5 !y cease1 ,*ri/'s body ceases to be "u !m1 n because x dep5ds on !m1 b because ! relation%ip ( ,*ri/'s body to ^? species is tak5 away1 9 ! same way z ,god ceases to be ! ,"l ( a creature :i* ceases to exi/4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gf1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,body ( ,*ri/1 ,z ,x ,is 9 ,?is ,sacram5t1 ,c ,be ,se5 by ,any ,eye1 at ,lea/ by a ,glorifi$ ,"o8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! body ( ,*ri/1 z x is 9 ?is sacram5t1 c be se5 by ! eye1 at lea/ by a glorifi$ "o4 ,= our eyes are h9d]$ f behold+ ,*ri/'s body 9 ?is sacram5t1 on acc\nt ( ! sacram5tal species veil+ x4 ,b ! glorifi$ eye _c be h9d]$ by any?+ f see+ bodies z !y are4 ,!re=e1 ! glorifi$ eye c see ,*ri/'s body z x is 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! glorifi$ bodies ( ! sa9ts w be made l to ! body ( ,*ri/'s glory1 accord+ to ,phil4 #c3ba4 ,b ,*ri/'s eye beholds ,himself z ,he is 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e1 = ! same reason1 e o!r glorifi$ eye c see ,him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! resurrection ! sa9ts w be equal to ! angels1 accord+ to ,luke #bj3cf4 ,b ! angels see ! body ( ,*ri/ z x is 9 ?is sacram5t1 = ev5 ! devils are f\nd to pay rev]5ce !reto1 & to fe> x4 ,!re=e1 = l reason1 ! glorifi$ eye c see ,*ri/ z ,he is 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z long z a ?+ rema9s ! same1 x _c at ! same "t be se5 by ! same eye "u div]se species4 ,b ! glorifi$ eye sees ,*ri/ always1 z ,he is 9 ,8 own species1 accord+ to ,isa4 #cc3ag3 7,8 eyes7 %all see ! k+ 9 8 beauty4 ,x seems1 !n1 t x does n see ,*ri/1 z ,he is "u ! species ( ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,! eye is ( two k9ds1 namely1 ! bodily eye prop]ly s-call$1 & ! intellectual eye1 s-call$ by similitude4 ,b ,*ri/'s body z x is 9 ?is sacram5t _c be se5 by any bodily eye4 ,fir/ ( all1 because a body :i* is visible br+s ab\t an alt]ation 9 ! m$ium1 ?r\gh its accid5ts4 ,n[ ! accid5ts ( ,*ri/'s body are 9 ?is sacram5t by means ( ! sub/ance2 s t ! accid5ts ( ,*ri/'s body h no imm$iate relation%ip ei!r to ?is sacram5t or to adjac5t bodies2 consequ5tly !y d n act on ! m$ium s z to be se5 by any corporeal eye4 ,secondly1 because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c2 ,a4 #c71 ,*ri/'s body is sub/antially pres5t 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,b sub/ance1 z su*1 is n visible to ! bodily eye1 nor does x come "u any "o ( ! s5ses1 nor "u ! imag9ation1 b solely "u ! intellect1 ^: object is :at a ?+ is 7,de ,anima iii74 ,& !re=e1 prop]ly speak+1 ,*ri/'s body1 accord+ to ! mode ( be+ :i* x has 9 ?is sacram5t1 is p]ceptible nei!r by ! s5se nor by ! imag9ation1 b only by ! intellect1 :i* is call$ ! spiritual eye4 ,moreov] x is p]ceiv$ diff]5tly by diff]5t intellects4 ,= s9ce ! way 9 :i* ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t is entirely sup]natural1 x is visible 9 itself to a sup]natural1 i4e4 ! ,div9e1 intellect1 & consequ5tly to a beatifi$ intellect1 ( angel or ( man1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! p>ticipat$ glory ( ! ,div9e intellect1 sees all sup]natural ?+s 9 ! vision ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,b x c be se5 by a wayf>] ?r\gh fai? alone1 l o!r sup]natural ?+s4 ,& n ev5 ! angelic intellect ( its own natural p[] is capable ( behold+ x2 consequ5tly ! devils _c by _! intellect p]ceive ,*ri/ 9 ?is sacram5t1 except ?r\gh fai?1 to :i* !y d n pay will+ ass5t2 yet !y are conv9c$ ( x f ! evid5ce ( signs1 accord+ to ,james #b3ai3 ,! devils believe1 & tremble4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,our bodily eye1 on acc\nt ( ! sacram5tal species1 is h9d]$ f behold+ ! body ( ,*ri/ und]ly+ !m1 n m]ely z by way ( veil 7j z we are h9d]$ f see+ :at is cov]$ ) any corporeal veil71 b also because ,*ri/'s body be>s a relation to ! m$ium surr\nd+ ?is sacram5t1 n ?r\gh its own accid5ts1 b ?r\gh ! sacram5tal species4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,*ri/'s own bodily eye sees ,himself exi/+ "u ! sacram5t1 yet x _c see ! way 9 :i* x exi/s "u ! sacram5t1 because t belongs to ! intellect4 ,b x is n ! same ) any o!r glorifi$ eye1 because ,*ri/'s eye is "u ?is sacram5t1 9 :i* no o!r glorifi$ eye is con=m$ to x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,no angel1 good or bad1 c see any?+ ) a bodily eye1 b only ) ! m5tal eye4 ,h5ce !re is no p>allel reason1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gf1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,*ri/'s ,body ,is ,truly ,!re ,:5 ,fle% or a ,*ild ,appe>s ,miracul\sly 9 ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/'s body is n truly !re :5 fle% or a *ild appe>s miracul\sly 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,because ,8 body ceases to be "u ?is sacram5t :5 ! sacram5tal species cease to be pres5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #f74 ,b :5 fle% or a *ild appe>s1 ! sacram5tal species cease to be pres5t4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body is n truly !re4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :]ev] ,*ri/'s body is1 x is !re ei!r "u its own species1 or "u ^? ( ! sacram5t4 ,b :5 su* app>itions occur1 x is evid5t t ,*ri/ is n pres5t "u ,8 own species1 because ! entire ,*ri/ is conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 & ,he rema9s entire "u ! =m 9 :i* ,he asc5d$ to heav53 yet :at appe>s miracul\sly 9 ?is sacram5t is sometimes se5 z a small p>ticle ( fle%1 or at times z a small *ild4 ,n[ x is evid5t t ,he is n !re "u ! sacram5tal species1 :i* is t ( bread or w9e4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ,*ri/'s body is n !re 9 any way4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s body beg9s to be 9 ?is sacram5t by consecration & conv]sion1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #ge1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c1 #d74 ,b ! fle% & blood :i* appe> by miracle are n consecrat$1 nor are !y conv]t$ into ,*ri/'s true body & blood4 ,!re=e ! body or ! blood ( ,*ri/ is n "u ^? species4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:5 su* app>ition takes place1 ! same rev]5ce is %[n to x z 0 %[n at fir/1 :i* w\ld n be done if ,*ri/ 7 n truly !re1 to ,:om we %[ rev]5ce ( latria4 ,!re=e1 :5 su* app>ition occurs1 ,*ri/ is "u ! sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,su* app>ition comes ab\t 9 two ways1 :5 occasionally 9 ?is sacram5t fle%1 or blood1 or a *ild1 is se54 ,sometimes x happ5s on ! "p ( ! behold]s1 ^: eyes are s affect$ z if !y outw>dly saw fle%1 or blood1 or a *ild1 :ile no *ange takes place 9 ! sacram5t4 ,& ?is seems to happ5 :5 to "o p]son x is se5 "u ! species ( fle% or ( a *ild1 :ile to o!rs x is se5 z be=e "u ! species ( bread2 or :5 to ! same individual x appe>s = an h\r "u ! appe>ance ( fle% or a *ild1 & aft]w>ds "u ! appe>ance ( bread4 ,nor is !re any deception !re1 z occurs 9 ! feats ( magicians1 because su* species is div9ely =m$ 9 ! eye 9 ord] to repres5t "s tru?1 namely1 = ! purpose ( %[+ t ,*ri/'s body is truly "u ?is sacram5t2 j z ,*ri/ )\t deception appe>$ to ! disciples :o 7 go+ to ,emmaus4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,de ,qq4 ,evang4 ii7 t :5 our pret5se is ref]r$ to "s significance1 x is n a lie1 b a figure ( ! tru?4 ,& s9ce 9 ?is way no *ange is made 9 ! sacram5t1 x is manife/ t1 :5 su* app>ition occurs1 ,*ri/ does n cease to be "u ?is sacram5t4 ,b x sometimes happ5s t su* app>ition comes ab\t n m]ely by a *ange wr\ght 9 ! behold]s1 b by an appe>ance :i* really exi/s outw>dly4 ,& ?is inde$ is se5 to happ5 :5 x is beheld by ev]yone "u su* an appe>ance1 & x rema9s s n = an h\r1 b = a consid]able "t2 &1 9 ?is case "s ?9k t x is ! prop] species ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,nor does x matt] t sometimes ,*ri/'s entire body is n se5 !re1 b "p ( ,8 fle%1 or else t x is n se5 9 y\?ful guise1 b 9 ! semblance ( a *ild1 because x lies )9 ! p[] ( a glorifi$ body = x to be se5 by a non-glorifi$ eye ei!r entirely or 9 "p1 & "u its own semblance or 9 /range guise1 z w be said lat] 7,suppl41 ,q4 #he1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c74 ,b ?is seems unlikely4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ,*ri/'s body "u its prop] species c be se5 only 9 "o place1 :]e9 x is def9itively conta9$4 ,h5ce s9ce x is se5 9 its prop] species1 & is ador$ 9 heav51 x is n se5 "u its prop] species 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,secondly1 because a glorifi$ body1 :i* appe>s at w1 disappe>s :5 x wills aft] ! app>ition2 ?us x is relat$ 7,luke #bd3ca7 t our ,"l vani%$ out ( sight ( ! disciples4 ,b t :i* appe>s "u ! lik5ess ( fle% 9 ?is sacram5t1 cont9ues = a long "t2 inde$1 "o reads ( its be+ sometimes enclos$1 &1 by ord] ( _m bi%ops1 pres]v$ 9 a pyx1 :i* x w\ld be wick$ to ?9k ( ,*ri/ "u ,8 prop] semblance4 ,consequ5tly1 x rema9s to be said1 t1 :ile ! dim5sions rema9 ! same z be=e1 !re is a miracul\s *ange wr\ght 9 ! o!r accid5ts1 su* z %ape1 color1 & ! re/1 s t fle%1 or blood1 or a *ild1 is se54 ,&1 z 0 said already1 ?is is n deception1 because x is done to repres5t ! tru?1 namely1 to %[ by ?is miracul\s app>ition t ,*ri/'s body & blood are truly 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,& ?us x is cle> t z ! dim5sions rema91 :i* are ! f\ndation ( ! o!r accid5ts1 z we %all see lat] on 7,q4 #gg1 ,a4 #b71 ! body ( ,*ri/ truly rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 su* app>ition takes place1 ! sacram5tal species sometimes cont9ue entire 9 !mselves2 & sometimes only z to t :i* is pr9cipal1 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ above1 dur+ su* app>itions ,*ri/'s prop] semblance is n se51 b a species miracul\sly =m$ ei!r 9 ! eyes ( ! behold]s1 or 9 ! sacram5tal dim5sions !mselves1 z 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! dim5sions ( ! consecrat$ bread & w9e cont9ue1 :ile a miracul\s *ange is wr\ght 9 ! o!r accid5ts1 z /at$ above4 ,,"q #gg ,,( ,,! ,,accid5ts ,,:i* ,,rema9 ,,9 ,,?is ,,sacram5t 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! accid5ts :i* rema9 9 ?is sacram5t2 "u :i* head !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ! accid5ts :i* rema9 are )\t a subject8 7#b7 ,:e!r dim5sive quantity is ! subject ( ! o!r accid5ts8 7#c7 ,:e!r su* accid5ts c affect an extr9sic body8 7#d7 ,:e!r !y c be corrupt$8 7#e7 ,:e!r any?+ c be g5]at$ f !m8 7#f7 ,:e!r !y c n\ri%8 7#g7 ,( ! break+ ( ! consecrat$ bread8 7#h7 ,:e!r any?+ c be mix$ ) ! consecrat$ w9e8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gg1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,accid5ts ,rema9 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ,)\t a ,subject8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! accid5ts d n rema9 9 ?is sacram5t )\t a subject1 because !re ought n to be any?+ disord]ly or deceitful 9 ?is sacram5t ( tru?4 ,b = accid5ts to be )\t a subject is contr>y to ! ord] :i* ,god e/abli%$ 9 nature2 & fur!rmore x seems to savor ( deceit1 s9ce accid5ts are naturally ! signs ( ! nature ( ! subject4 ,!re=e ! accid5ts are n )\t a subject 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 n ev5 by miracle c ! def9ition ( a ?+ be sev]$ f x1 or ! def9ition ( ano!r ?+ be appli$ to x2 = in/ance1 t1 :ile man rema9s a man1 he c be an irrational animal4 ,= x w\ld foll[ t contradictories c exi/ at ! "o "t3 = ! def9ition ( a ?+ is :at its "n expresses1 z is said 9 ,metaph4 iv4 ,b x belongs to ! def9ition ( an accid5t = x to be 9 a subject1 :ile ! def9ition ( sub/ance is t x mu/ subsi/ ( itself1 & n 9 ano!r4 ,!re=e x _c come to pass1 ev5 by miracle1 t ! accid5ts exi/ )\t a subject 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 an accid5t is individuat$ by its subject4 ,if !re=e ! accid5ts rema9 9 ?is sacram5t )\t a subject1 !y w n be individual1 b g5]al1 :i* is cle>ly false1 because ?us !y w\ld n be s5sible1 b m]ely intelligible4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! accid5ts aft] ! consecration ( ?is sacram5t d n obta9 any composition4 ,b be=e ! consecration !y 7 n compos$ ei!r ( matt] & =m1 nor ( exi/5ce 7quo e/7 & ess5ce 7quod e/74 ,!re=e1 ev5 aft] consecration !y are n composite 9 ei!r ( ^! ways4 ,b ?is is unreasonable1 = ?us !y w\ld be simpl] ?an angels1 :]eas at ! same "t ^! accid5ts are p]ceptible to ! s5ses4 ,!re=e1 9 ?is sacram5t ! accid5ts d n rema9 )\t a subject4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,gregory says 9 an ,ea/] ,homily 7,lanfranc1 ,de ,corp4 et ,sang4 ,dom4 xx7 t ! sacram5tal species are ! names ( ^? ?+s :i* 7 !re be=e1 namely1 ( ! bread & w9e4 ,!re=e s9ce ! sub/ance ( ! bread & ! w9e does n rema91 x seems t ^! species rema9 )\t a subject4 ,i answ] t1 ,! species ( ! bread & w9e1 :i* are p]ceiv$ by our s5ses to rema9 9 ?is sacram5t aft] consecration1 are n subject$ 9 ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e1 = t does n rema91 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #b72 nor 9 ! sub/antial =m1 = t does n rema9 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #f71 & if x did rema91 x c\ld n be a subject1 z ,boe?ius decl>es 7,de ,tr94 i74 ,fur!rmore x is manife/ t ^! accid5ts are n subject$ 9 ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body & blood1 because ! sub/ance ( ! human body _c 9 any way be affect$ by su* accid5ts2 nor is x possible = ,*ri/'s glori\s & impassible body to be alt]$ s z to receive ^! qualities4 ,n[ !re are "s :o say t !y are 9 ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e z 9 a subject4 ,b ev5 ?is _c be3 9 ! fir/ place1 because atmosph]e is n susceptive ( su* accid5ts4 ,secondly1 because ^! accid5ts are n :]e ! atmosph]e is1 nay m1 ! atmosph]e is displac$ by ! motion ( ^! species4 ,?irdly1 because accid5ts d n pass f subject to subject1 s t ! same id5tical accid5t :i* 0 fir/ 9 "o subject be aft]w>ds 9 ano!r2 because an accid5t is individuat$ by ! subject2 h5ce x _c come to pass = an accid5t rema9+ id5tically ! same to be at "o "t 9 "o subject1 & at ano!r "t 9 ano!r4 ,f\r?ly1 s9ce ! atmosph]e is n depriv$ ( its own accid5ts1 x w\ld h at ! "o "t its own accid5ts & o!rs =eign to x4 ,nor c x be ma9ta9$ t ?is is done miracul\sly 9 virtue ( ! consecration1 because ! words ( consecration d n signify ?is1 & !y effect only :at !y signify4 ,!re=e x foll[s t ! accid5ts cont9ue 9 ?is sacram5t )\t a subject4 ,?is c be done by ,div9e p[]3 = s9ce an effect dep5ds m ^u ! fir/ cause ?an on ! second1 ,god ,:o is ! fir/ cause bo? ( sub/ance & accid5t1 c by ,8 unlimit$ p[] pres]ve an accid5t 9 exi/5ce :5 ! sub/ance is )drawn :]eby x 0 pres]v$ 9 exi/5ce z by its prop] cause1 j z )\t natural causes ,he c produce o!r effects ( natural causes1 ev5 z ,he =m$ a human body 9 ! ,virg9's womb1 )\t ! se$ ( man 7,hymn = ,*ri/mas1 ,fir/ ,vesp]s74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,!re is no?+ to h9d] ! common law ( nature f orda9+ a ?+1 ! contr>y ( :i* is nev]!less orda9$ by a special privilege ( grace1 z is evid5t 9 ! rais+ ( ! dead1 & 9 ! re/or+ ( sight to ! bl9d3 ev5 ?us 9 human affairs1 to "s individuals "s ?+s are grant$ by special privilege :i* are outside ! common law4 ,& s1 ev5 ?\gh x be accord+ to ! common law ( nature = an accid5t to be 9 a subject1 /ill = a special reason1 accord+ to ! ord] ( grace1 ! accid5ts exi/ 9 ?is sacram5t )\t a subject1 on acc\nt ( ! reasons giv5 above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #e74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s9ce be+ is n a g5us1 !n be+ _c be ( itself ! ess5ce ( ei!r sub/ance or accid5t4 ,consequ5tly1 ! def9ition ( sub/ance is n--a be+ ( itself )\t a subject1 nor is ! def9ition ( accid5t--a be+ 9 a subject2 b x belongs to ! quiddity or ess5ce ( sub/ance to h exi/5ce n 9 a subject2 :ile x belongs to ! quiddity or ess5ce ( accid5t to h exi/5ce 9 a subject4 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t x is n 9 virtue ( _! ess5ce t accid5ts are n 9 a subject1 b ?r\gh ! ,div9e p[] su/a9+ !m2 & consequ5tly !y d n cease to be accid5ts1 because nei!r is ! def9ition ( accid5t )drawn f !m1 nor does ! def9ition ( sub/ance apply to !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^! accid5ts acquir$ individual be+ 9 ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e2 & :5 ?is sub/ance is *ang$ into ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 !y rema9 9 t individuat$ be+ :i* !y possess$ be=e1 h5ce !y are individual & s5sible4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,^! accid5ts _h no be+ ( _! own nor o!r accid5ts1 s long z ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e rema9$2 b _! subjects _h su* be+ ?r\gh !m1 j z sn[ is :ite ?r\gh :it5ess4 ,b aft] ! consecration ! accid5ts :i* rema9 h be+2 h5ce !y are comp\nd$ ( exi/5ce & ess5ce1 z 0 said ( ! angels1 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #ej1 ,a4 #b1 ad #c72 & besides !y h composition ( quantitative p>ts4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gg1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ! ,dim5sive ,quantity ( ! ,bread or ,w9e ,is ! ,subject ( ! ,o!r ,accid5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t 9 ?is sacram5t ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread or w9e is n ! subject ( ! o!r accid5ts4 ,= accid5t is n ! subject ( accid5t2 because no =m c be a subject1 s9ce to be a subject is a prop]ty ( matt]4 ,b dim5sive quantity is an accid5t4 ,!re=e dim5sive quantity _c be ! subject ( ! o!r accid5ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 j z quantity is individuat$ by sub/ance1 s also are ! o!r accid5ts4 ,if1 !n1 ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread or w9e rema9s individuat$ accord+ to ! be+ x _h be=e1 9 :i* x is pres]v$1 = l reason ! o!r accid5ts rema9 individuat$ accord+ to ! exi/5ce :i* !y _h be=e 9 ! sub/ance4 ,!re=e !y are n 9 dim5sive quantity z 9 a subject1 s9ce e accid5t is individuat$ by its own subject4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 among ! o!r accid5ts t rema91 ( ! bread & w9e1 ! s5ses p]ceive also r>ity & d5sity1 :i* _c be 9 dim5sive quantity exi/+ outside matt]2 because a ?+ is r>e :i* has little matt] "u great dim5sions1 :ile a ?+ is d5se :i* has mu* matt] "u small dim5sions1 z is said 9 ,phys4 iv4 ,x does n seem1 !n1 t dim5sive quantity c be ! subject ( ! accid5ts :i* rema9 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 quantity ab/ract f matt] seems to be ma!matical quantity1 :i* is n ! subject ( s5sible qualities4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! rema9+ accid5ts 9 ?is sacram5t are s5sible1 x seems t 9 ?is sacram5t !y _c be subject$ 9 ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread & w9e t rema9s aft] consecration4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,qualities are divisible only accid5tally1 t is1 by reason ( ! subject4 ,b ! qualities rema9+ 9 ?is sacram5t are divid$ by ! division ( dim5sive quantity1 z is evid5t ?r\gh our s5ses4 ,!re=e1 dim5sive quantity is ! subject ( ! accid5ts :i* rema9 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is necess>y to say t ! o!r accid5ts :i* rema9 9 ?is sacram5t are subject$ 9 ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread & w9e t rema9s3 fir/ ( all1 because some?+ hav+ quantity & color & affect$ by o!r accid5ts is p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses2 nor is s5se deceiv$ 9 su*4 ,secondly1 because ! fir/ disposition ( matt] is dim5sive quantity1 h5ce ,plato also assign$ great & small z ! fir/ diff]5ces ( matt] 7,ari/otle1 ,metaph4 iv74 ,& because ! fir/ subject is matt]1 ! consequ5ce is t all o!r accid5ts are relat$ to _! subject ?r\gh ! m$ium ( dim5sive quantity2 j z ! fir/ subject ( color is said to be ! surface1 on :i* acc\nt "s h ma9ta9$ t dim5sions are ! sub/ances ( bodies1 z is said 9 ,metaph4 iii4 ,& s9ce1 :5 ! subject is )drawn1 ! accid5ts rema9 accord+ to ! be+ :i* !y _h be=e1 x foll[s t all accid5ts rema9 f\nd$ ^u dim5sive quantity4 ,?irdly1 because1 s9ce ! subject is ! pr9ciple ( individuation ( ! accid5ts1 x is necess>y = :at is admitt$ z ! subject ( "s accid5ts to be someh[ ! pr9ciple ( individuation3 = x is ( ! v notion ( an individual t x _c be 9 sev]al2 & ?is happ5s 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 because x is n natural to x to be 9 any "o2 & 9 ?is way immat]ial sep>at$ =ms1 subsi/+ ( !mselves1 are also individuals ( !mselves4 ,secondly1 because a =m1 be x sub/antial or accid5tal1 is naturally 9 someone inde$1 n 9 sev]al1 z ?is :it5ess1 :i* is 9 ?is body4 ,z to ! fir/1 matt] is ! pr9ciple ( individuation ( all inh]5t =ms1 because1 s9ce ^! =ms1 consid]$ 9 !mselves1 are naturally 9 some?+ z 9 a subject1 f ! v fact t "o ( !m is receiv$ 9 matt]1 :i* is n 9 ano!r1 x foll[s t nei!r c ! =m itself ?us exi/+ be 9 ano!r4 ,z to ! second1 x mu/ be ma9ta9$ t ! pr9ciple ( individuation is dim5sive quantity4 ,= t some?+ is naturally 9 ano!r "o solely1 is due to ! fact t t o!r is undivid$ 9 itself1 & di/9ct f all o!rs4 ,b x is on acc\nt ( quantity t sub/ance c be divid$1 z is said 9 ,phys4 i4 ,& !re=e dim5sive quantity itself is a p>ticul> pr9ciple ( individuation 9 =ms ( ?is k9d1 namely1 inasmu* z =ms num]ically di/9ct are 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! matt]4 ,h5ce also dim5sive quantity has ( itself a k9d ( individuation1 s t we c imag9e sev]al l9es ( ! same species1 diff]+ 9 position1 :i* is includ$ 9 ! notion ( ?is quantity2 = x belongs to dim5sion = x to be quantity hav+ position 7,ari/otle1 ,categor4 iv71 & !re=e dim5sive quantity c be ! subject ( ! o!r accid5ts1 r ?an ! o!r way ab\t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,"o accid5t _c ( itself be ! subject ( ano!r1 because x does n exi/ ( itself4 ,b inasmu* z an accid5t is receiv$ 9 ano!r ?+1 "o is said to be ! subject ( ! o!r1 inasmu* z "o is receiv$ 9 a subject ?r\gh ano!r1 z ! surface is said to be ! subject ( color4 ,h5ce :5 ,god makes an accid5t to exi/ ( itself1 x c also be ( itself ! subject ( ano!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! o!r accid5ts1 ev5 z !y 7 9 ! sub/ance ( ! bread1 7 individuat$ by means ( dim5sive quantity1 z /at$ above4 ,& !re=e dim5sive quantity is ! subject ( ! o!r accid5ts rema9+ 9 ?is sacram5t1 r ?an conv]sely4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,r>ity & d5sity are p>ticul> qualities accompany+ bodies1 by reason ( _! hav+ mu* or little matt] "u dim5sions2 j z all o!r accid5ts likewise foll[ f ! pr9ciples ( sub/ance4 ,& consequ5tly1 z ! accid5ts are pres]v$ by ,div9e p[] :5 ! sub/ance is )drawn1 s1 :5 matt] is )drawn1 ! qualities :i* g ) matt]1 su* z r>ity & d5sity1 are pres]v$ by ,div9e p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,ma!matical quantity ab/racts n f intelligible matt]1 b f s5sible matt]1 z is said 9 ,metaph4 vii4 ,b matt] is t]m$ s5sible because x und]lies s5sible qualities4 ,& !re=e x is manife/ t ! dim5sive quantity1 :i* rema9s 9 ?is sacram5t )\t a subject1 is n ma!matical quantity4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gg1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,species ,rema9+ 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ,c ,*ange ,ext]nal ,objects8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! species :i* rema9 9 ?is sacram5t _c affect ext]nal objects4 ,= x is prov$ 9 ,phys4 vii1 t =ms :i* are 9 matt] are produc$ by =ms t are 9 matt]1 b n f =ms :i* are )\t matt]1 because l makes l4 ,b ! sacram5tal species are species )\t matt]1 s9ce !y rema9 )\t a subject1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above 7,a4 #a74 ,!re=e !y _c affect o!r matt] by produc+ any =m 9 x4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :5 ! action ( ! pr9cipal ag5t ceases1 !n ! action ( ! in/rum5t mu/ cease1 z :5 ! c>p5t] re/s1 ! hamm] is mov$ no long]4 ,b all accid5tal =ms act in/rum5tally 9 virtue ( ! sub/antial =m z ! pr9cipal ag5t4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! sub/antial =m ( ! bread & w9e does n rema9 9 ?is sacram5t1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #f71 x seems t ! accid5tal =ms :i* rema9 _c act s z to *ange ext]nal matt]4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no?+ acts outside its species1 because an effect _c surpass its cause4 ,b all ! sacram5tal species are accid5ts4 ,!re=e !y _c *ange ext]nal matt]1 at lea/ z to a sub/antial =m4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,if !y c\ld n *ange ext]nal bodies1 !y c\ld n be felt2 = a ?+ is felt f ! s5ses be+ *ang$ by a s5sible ?+1 z is said 9 ,de ,anima ii4 ,i answ] t1 ,because ev]y?+ acts 9 s f> z x is an actual be+1 ! consequ5ce is t ev]y?+ /&s 9 ! same relation to action z x does to be+4 ,!re=e1 because1 accord+ to :at 0 said above 7,a4 #a71 x is an effect ( ! ,div9e p[] t ! sacram5tal species cont9ue 9 ! be+ :i* !y _h :5 ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e 0 pres5t1 x foll[s t !y cont9ue 9 _! action4 ,consequ5tly !y reta9 e action :i* !y _h :ile ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e rema9$1 n[ t ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e has pass$ into ! body & blood ( ,*ri/4 ,h5ce !re is no d\bt b t !y c *ange ext]nal bodies4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! sacram5tal species1 al?\gh !y are =ms exi/+ )\t matt]1 /ill reta9 ! same be+ :i* !y _h be=e 9 matt]1 & !re=e z to _! be+ !y are l =ms :i* are 9 matt]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! action ( an accid5tal =m dep5ds ^u ! action ( a sub/antial =m 9 ! same way z ! be+ ( accid5t dep5ds ^u ! be+ ( sub/ance2 & !re=e1 z x is an effect ( ,div9e p[] t ! sacram5tal species exi/ )\t sub/ance1 s is x an effect ( ,div9e p[] t !y c act )\t a sub/antial =m1 because e action ( a sub/antial or accid5tal =m dep5ds ^u ,god z ! fir/ ag5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! *ange :i* t]m9ates 9 a sub/antial =m is n effect$ by a sub/antial =m directly1 b by means ( ! active & passive qualities1 :i* act 9 virtue ( ! sub/antial =m4 ,b by ,div9e p[] ?is in/rum5tal en]gy is reta9$ 9 ! sacram5tal species1 j z x 0 be=e3 & consequ5tly _! action c be direct$ to a sub/antial =m in/rum5tally1 j 9 ! same way z any?+ c act outside its species1 n z by its own p[]1 b by ! p[] ( ! *ief ag5t4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gg1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,sacram5tal ,species ,c ,be ,corrupt$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5tal species _c be corrupt$1 because corruption comes ( ! sep>ation ( ! =m f ! matt]4 ,b ! matt] ( ! bread does n rema9 9 ?is sacram5t1 z is cle> f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e ^! species _c be corrupt$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no =m is corrupt$ except accid5tally1 t is1 :5 its subject is corrupt$2 h5ce self-subsi/+ =ms are incorruptible1 z is se5 9 spiritual sub/ances4 ,b ! sacram5tal species are =ms )\t a subject4 ,!re=e !y _c be corrupt$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if !y be corrupt$1 x w ei!r be naturally or miracul\sly4 ,b !y _c be corrupt$ naturally1 because no subject ( corruption c be assign$ z rema9+ aft] ! corruption has tak5 place4 ,nei!r c !y be corrupt$ miracul\sly1 because ! miracles :i* occur 9 ?is sacram5t take place 9 virtue ( ! consecration1 :]eby ! sacram5tal species are pres]v$3 & ! same ?+ is n ! cause ( pres]vation & ( corruption4 ,!re=e1 9 no way c ! sacram5tal species be corrupt$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we p]ceive by our s5ses t ! consecrat$ ho/s become putrefi$ & corrupt$4 ,i answ] t1 ,corruption is movem5t f be+ into non-be+ 7,ari/otle1 ,phys4 v74 ,n[ x has be5 /at$ 7,a4 #c7 t ! sacram5tal species reta9 ! same be+ z !y _h be=e :5 ! sub/ance ( ! bread 0 pres5t4 ,consequ5tly1 z ! be+ ( ^? accid5ts c\ld be corrupt$ :ile ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e 0 pres5t1 s likewise !y c be corrupt$ n[ t ! sub/ance has pass$ away4 ,b su* accid5ts c\ld h be5 previ\sly corrupt$ 9 two ways3 9 "o way1 ( !mselves2 9 ano!r way1 accid5tally4 ,!y c\ld be corrupt$ ( !mselves1 z by alt]ation ( ! qualities1 & increase or decrease ( ! quantity1 n 9 ! way 9 :i* increase or decrease is f\nd only 9 animat$ bodies1 su* z ! sub/ances ( ! bread & w9e are n1 b by addition or division2 =1 z is said 9 ,metaph4 iii1 "o dim5sion is dissolv$ by division1 & two dim5sions result2 :ile on ! contr>y1 by addition1 two dim5sions become "o4 ,& 9 ?is way su* accid5ts c be corrupt$ manife/ly aft] consecration1 because ! dim5sive quantity :i* rema9s c receive division & addition2 & s9ce x is ! subject ( s5sible qualities1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 x c likewise be ! subject ( _! alt]ation1 = in/ance1 if ! color or ! savor ( ! bread or w9e be alt]$4 ,an accid5t c be corrupt$ 9 ano!r way1 ?r\gh ! corruption ( its subject1 & 9 ?is way also !y c be corrupt$ aft] consecration2 = al?\gh ! subject does n rema91 /ill ! be+ :i* !y _h 9 ! subject does rema91 :i* be+ is prop]1 & suit$ to ! subject4 ,& !re=e su* be+ c be corrupt$ by a contr>y ag5t1 z ! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e 0 subject to corruption1 &1 moreov]1 0 n corrupt$ except by a prec$+ alt]ation reg>d+ ! accid5ts4 ,nev]!less1 a di/9ction mu/ be made betwe5 ea* ( ! a=esaid corruptions2 because1 :5 ! body & ! blood ( ,*ri/ succe$ 9 ?is sacram5t to ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e1 if !re be su* *ange on ! "p ( ! accid5ts z w\ld n h suffic$ = ! corruption ( ! bread & w9e1 !n ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ d n cease to be "u ?is sacram5t on acc\nt ( su* *ange1 :e!r ! *ange be on ! "p ( ! quality1 z = in/ance1 :5 ! color or ! savor ( ! bread or w9e is slightly modifi$2 or on ! "p ( ! quantity1 z :5 ! bread or ! w9e is divid$ into su* p>ts z to keep 9 !m ! nature ( bread or ( w9e4 ,b if ! *ange be s great t ! sub/ance ( ! bread or w9e w\ld h be5 corrupt$1 !n ,*ri/'s body & blood d n rema9 "u ?is sacram5t2 & ?is ei!r on ! "p ( ! qualities1 z :5 ! color1 savor1 & o!r qualities ( ! bread & w9e are s alt]$ z to be incompatible ) ! nature ( bread or ( w9e2 or else on ! "p ( ! quantity1 z1 = in/ance1 if ! bread be r$uc$ to f9e p>ticles1 or ! w9e divid$ into su* t9y drops t ! species ( bread or w9e no long] rema94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9ce x belongs ess5tially to corruption to take away ! be+ ( a ?+1 9 s f> z ! be+ ( "s =m is 9 matt]1 x results t by corruption ! =m is sep>at$ f ! matt]4 ,b if su* be+ 7 n 9 matt]1 yet l su* be+ z is 9 matt]1 x c\ld be tak5 away by corruption1 ev5 :]e !re is no matt]2 z takes place 9 ?is sacram5t1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ! sacram5tal species are =ms n 9 matt]1 yet !y h ! be+ :i* !y _h 9 matt]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is corruption ( species is n miracul\s1 b natural2 nev]!less1 x presupposes ! miracle :i* is wr\ght 9 ! consecration1 namely1 t ^? sacram5tal species reta9 )\t a subject1 ! same be+ z !y _h 9 a subject2 j z a bl9d man1 to :om sight is giv5 miracul\sly1 sees naturally4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gg1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,any?+ ,c ,be ,g5]at$ f ! ,sacram5tal ,species8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t no?+ c be g5]at$ f ! sacram5tal species3 because1 :atev] is g5]at$1 is g5]at$ out ( "s matt]3 = no?+ is g5]at$ out ( no?+1 al?\gh by creation some?+ is made out ( no?+4 ,b !re is no matt] und]ly+ ! sacram5tal species except t ( ,*ri/'s body1 & t body is incorruptible4 ,!re=e x seems t no?+ c be g5]at$ f ! sacram5tal species4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?+s :i* are n ( ! same g5us _c spr+ f "o ano!r3 ?us a l9e is n made ( :it5ess4 ,b accid5t & sub/ance diff] g5]ically4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! sacram5tal species are accid5ts1 x seems t no sub/ance c be g5]at$ f !m4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if any corporeal sub/ance be g5]at$ f !m1 su* sub/ance w n be )\t accid5t4 ,!re=e1 if any corporeal sub/ance be g5]at$ f ! sacram5tal species1 !n sub/ance & accid5t w\ld be g5]at$ f accid5t1 namely1 two ?+s f "o1 :i* is impossible4 ,consequ5tly1 x is impossible = any corporeal sub/ance to be g5]at$ out ( ! sacram5tal species4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! s5ses are witness t some?+ is g5]at$ out ( ! sacram5tal species1 ei!r a%es1 if !y be burn$1 worms if !y putrefy1 or du/ if !y be cru%$4 ,i answ] t1 ,s9ce ! corruption ( "o ?+ is ! g5]ation ( ano!r 7,de ,g5]4 i71 some?+ mu/ be g5]at$ necess>ily f ! sacram5tal species if !y be corrupt$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d72 = !y are n corrupt$ 9 su* a way t !y disappe> altoge!r1 z if r$uc$ to no?+2 on ! contr>y1 some?+ s5sible manife/ly succe$s to !m4 ,nev]!less1 x is difficult to see h[ any?+ c be g5]at$ f !m4 ,= x is q evid5t t no?+ is g5]at$ out ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ :i* are truly !re1 because ^! are incorruptible4 ,b if ! sub/ance1 or ev5 ! matt]1 ( ! bread & w9e 7 to rema9 9 ?is sacram5t1 !n1 z "s h ma9ta9$1 x w\ld be easy to acc\nt = ?is s5sible object :i* succe$s to !m4 ,b t supposition is false1 z 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #ge1 ,,aa4 #b1 #d1 #h74 ,h5ce x is t o!rs h said t ! ?+s g5]at$ h n sprung f ! sacram5tal species1 b f ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,b ?is c be %[n 9 _m ways to be impossible4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 because :5 a ?+ is g5]at$ f ano!r1 ! latt] at fir/ appe>s *ang$ & corrupt$2 :]eas no alt]ation or corruption appe>$ previ\sly 9 ! adjac5t atmosph]e2 h5ce ! worms or a%es are n g5]at$ !refrom4 ,secondly1 because ! nature ( ! atmosph]e is n su* z to p]mit ( su* ?+s be+ g5]at$ by su* alt]ations4 ,?irdly1 because x is possible = _m consecrat$ ho/s to be burn$ or putrefi$2 nor w\ld x be possible = an e>!n body1 l>ge en\gh to be g5]at$ f ! atmosph]e1 unless a great &1 9 fact1 exce$+ly s5sible cond5sation ( ! atmosph]e took place4 ,f\r?ly1 because ! same ?+ c happ5 to ! solid bodies surr\nd+ !m1 su* z iron or /one1 :i* rema9 entire aft] ! g5]ation ( ! a=esaid ?+s4 ,h5ce ?is op9ion _c /&1 because x is oppos$ to :at is manife/ to our s5ses4 ,& !re=e o!rs h said t ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e returns dur+ ! corruption ( ! species1 & s f ! return+ sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e1 a%es or worms or some?+ ( ! k9d are g5]at$4 ,b ?is explanation seems an impossible "o4 ,fir/ ( all1 because if ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e be conv]t$ into ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #ge1 ,,aa4 #b1 #d71 ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e _c return1 except ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ be aga9 *ang$ back into ! sub/ance ( bread & w9e1 :i* is impossible3 ?us if air be turn$ into fire1 ! air _c return )\t ! fire be+ aga9 *ang$ into air4 ,b if ! sub/ance ( bread or w9e be annihilat$1 x _c return aga91 because :at lapses into no?+ does n return num]ically ! same4 ,unless p]*ance x be said t ! said sub/ance returns1 because ,god creates anew ano!r new sub/ance to replace ! fir/4 ,secondly1 ?is seems to be impossible1 because no "t c be assign$ :5 ! sub/ance ( ! bread returns4 ,=1 f :at 0 said above 7,a4 #d2 ,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #f1 ad #c71 x is evid5t t :ile ! species ( ! bread & w9e rema91 !re rema9 also ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 :i* are n pres5t toge!r ) ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e 9 ?is sacram5t1 accord+ to :at 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #b74 ,h5ce ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e _c return :ile ! sacram5tal species rema92 nor1 aga91 :5 ^! species pass away2 because !n ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e w\ld be )\t _! prop] accid5ts1 :i* is impossible4 ,unless p]*ance x be said t 9 ! la/ in/ant ( ! corruption ( ! species !re returns 7n1 inde$1 ! sub/ance ( bread & w9e1 because x is 9 t v in/ant t !y h ! be+ ( ! sub/ance g5]at$ f ! species1 b7 ! matt] ( ! bread & w9e2 :i*1 matt]1 prop]ly speak+1 w\ld be m correctly describ$ z creat$ anew1 ?an z return+4 ,& 9 ?is s5se ! a=esaid position might be held4 ,h[ev]1 s9ce x does n seem reasonable to say t any?+ takes place miracul\sly 9 ?is sacram5t1 except 9 virtue ( ! consecration itself1 :i* does n imply ei!r creation or return ( matt]1 x seems bett] to say t 9 ! actual consecration x is miracul\sly be/[$ on ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread & w9e to be ! subject ( subsequ5t =ms4 ,n[ ?is is prop] to matt]2 & !re=e z a consequ5ce ev]y?+ :i* goes ) matt] is be/[$ on dim5sive quantity2 & !re=e ev]y?+ :i* c\ld be g5]at$ f ! matt] ( bread or w9e1 if x 7 pres5t1 c be g5]at$ f ! a=esaid dim5sive quantity ( ! bread or w9e1 n1 inde$1 by a new miracle1 b by virtue ( ! miracle :i* has already tak5 place4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,al?\gh no matt] is !re out ( :i* a ?+ may be g5]at$1 nev]!less dim5sive quantity supplies ! place ( matt]1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,^? sacram5tal species are inde$ accid5ts1 yet !y h ! act & p[] ( sub/ance1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread & w9e reta9s its own nature1 & receives miracul\sly ! p[] & prop]ty ( sub/ance2 & !re=e x c pass to bo?1 t is1 into sub/ance & dim5sion4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gg1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,sacram5tal ,species ,c ,n\ri%8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5tal species _c n\ri%1 because1 z ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 v71 x is n ?is bread t ent]s into our body1 b ! bread ( ev]la/+ life1 :i* supports ! sub/ance ( our s\l4 ,b :atev] n\ri%es ent]s into ! body4 ,!re=e ?is bread does n n\ri%3 & ! same reason holds good ( ! w9e4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z is said 9 ,de ,g5]4 ii1 ,we are n\ri%$ by ! v ?+s ( :i* we are made4 ,b ! sacram5tal species are accid5ts1 :]eas man is n made ( accid5ts1 because accid5t is n a "p ( sub/ance4 ,!re=e x seems t ! sacram5tal species _c n\ri%4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,anima ii7 t food n\ri%es accord+ z x is a sub/ance1 b x gives increase by reason ( its quantity4 ,b ! sacram5tal species are n a sub/ance4 ,consequ5tly !y _c n\ri%4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le speak+ ( ?is sacram5t says 7#a ,cor4 #aa3ba73 ,"o1 inde$1 is hungry1 & ano!r is drunk3 ^u :i* ! gloss obs]ves t he alludes to ^? :o aft] ! celebration ( ! sacr$ my/]y1 & aft] ! consecration ( ! bread & w9e1 claim$ _! oblations1 & n %>+ !m ) o!rs1 took ! :ole1 s z ev5 to become intoxicat$ !reby4 ,b ?is c\ld n happ5 if ! sacram5tal species did n n\ri%4 ,!re=e ! sacram5tal species d n\ri%4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is "q pres5ts no difficulty1 n[ t we h solv$ ! prec$+ "q4 ,because1 z /at$ 9 ,de ,anima ii1 food n\ri%es by be+ conv]t$ into ! sub/ance ( ! individual n\ri%$4 ,n[ x has be5 /at$ 7,a4 #e7 t ! sacram5tal species c be conv]t$ into a sub/ance g5]at$ f !m4 ,& !y c be conv]t$ into ! human body = ! same reason z !y c into a%es or worms4 ,consequ5tly1 x is evid5t t !y n\ri%4 ,b ! s5ses witness to ! untru? ( :at "s ma9ta92 viz4 t ! species d n n\ri% z ?\gh !y 7 *ang$ into ! human body1 b m]ely refre% & he>t5 by act+ ^u ! s5ses 7z a man is he>t5$ by ! odor ( meat1 & intoxicat$ by ! fumes ( w9e74 ,because su* refre%m5t does n suffice long = a man1 ^: body ne$s repair ow+ to con/ant wa/e3 & yet a man c\ld be support$ = long if he 7 to take ho/s & consecrat$ w9e 9 great quantity4 ,9 l mann] ! /atem5t advanc$ by o!rs _c /&1 :o hold t ! sacram5tal species n\ri% ow+ to ! rema9+ sub/antial =m ( ! bread & w9e3 bo? because ! =m does n rema91 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #f73 & because to n\ri% is ! act n ( a =m b r ( matt]1 :i* takes ! =m ( ! "o n\ri%$1 :ile ! =m ( ! n\ri%m5t passes away3 h5ce x is said 9 ,de ,anima ii t n\ri%m5t is at fir/ unlike1 b at ! end is l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,aft] ! consecration bread c be said to be 9 ?is sacram5t 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 z to ! species1 :i* reta9 ! "n ( ! previ\s sub/ance1 z ,gregory says 9 an ,ea/] ,homily 7,lanfranc1 ,de ,corp4 et ,sang4 ,dom4 xx74 ,secondly1 ,*ri/'s v body c be call$ bread1 s9ce x is ! my/ical bread com+ d[n f heav54 ,consequ5tly1 ,ambrose uses ! ^w bread 9 ?is second mean+1 :5 he says t ?is bread does n pass into ! body1 because1 to wit1 ,*ri/'s body is n *ang$ into man's body1 b n\ri%es 8 s\l4 ,b he is n speak+ ( bread tak5 9 ! fir/ acceptation4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh ! sacram5tal species are n ^? ?+s out ( :i* ! human body is made1 yet !y are *ang$ into ^? ?+s /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ! sacram5tal species are n a sub/ance1 /ill !y h ! virtue ( a sub/ance1 z /at$ above4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gg1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,sacram5tal ,species ,are ,brok5 9 ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! sacram5tal species are n brok5 9 ?is sacram5t1 because ! ,philosoph] says 9 ,meteor4 iv t bodies are breakable ow+ to a c]ta9 disposition ( ! pores2 a ?+ :i* _c be attribut$ to ! sacram5tal species4 ,!re=e ! sacram5tal species _c be brok54 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 break+ is foll[$ by s\nd4 ,b ! sacram5tal species emit no s\nd3 because ! ,philosoph] says 7,de ,anima ii71 t :at emits s\nd is a h>d body1 hav+ a smoo? surface4 ,!re=e ! sacram5tal species are n brok54 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 break+ & ma/ication are seem+ly ( ! same object4 ,b x is ,*ri/'s true body t is eat51 accord+ to ,john #f3eg3 ,he t eate? ,my fle%1 & dr9ke? ,my blood4 ,!re=e x is ,*ri/'s body t is brok5 & ma/icat$3 & h5ce x is said 9 ! confession ( ,b]5g>ius3 ,i agree ) ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ) he>t & lips ,i pr(ess1 t ! bread & w9e :i* are plac$ on ! alt>1 are ! true body & blood ( ,*ri/ aft] consecration1 & are truly h&l$ & brok5 by ! prie/'s h&s1 brok5 & cru%$ by ! tee? ( believ]s4 ,consequ5tly1 ! break+ ought n to be ascrib$ to ! sacram5tal species4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,break+ arises f ! division ( t :i* has quantity4 ,b no?+ hav+ quantity except ! sacram5tal species is brok5 "h1 because nei!r ,*ri/'s body is brok51 z be+ incorruptible1 nor is ! sub/ance ( ! bread1 because x no long] rema9s4 ,!re=e ! sacram5tal species are brok54 ,i answ] t1 ,_m op9ions prevail$ ( old on ?is matt]4 ,"s held t 9 ?is sacram5t !re 0 no break+ at all 9 reality1 b m]ely 9 ! eyes ( ! behold]s4 ,b ?is cont5tion _c /&1 because 9 ?is sacram5t ( tru? ! s5se is n deceiv$ ) reg>d to its prop] object ( judgm5t1 & "o ( ^! objects is break+1 :]eby f "o ?+ arise _m3 & ^! are common s5sibles1 z is /at$ 9 ,de ,anima ii4 ,o!rs accord+ly h said t !re 0 inde$ a g5u9e break+1 b )\t any subject4 ,b ?is aga9 contradicts our s5ses2 because a quantitative body is se5 9 ?is sacram5t1 :i* =m]ly 0 "o1 & is n[ divid$ into _m1 & ?is mu/ be ! subject ( ! break+4 ,b x _c be said t ,*ri/'s true body is brok54 ,fir/ ( all1 because x is incorruptible & impassible3 secondly1 because x is entire "u e "p1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #c71 :i* is contr>y to ! nature ( a ?+ brok54 ,x rema9s1 !n1 t ! break+ is 9 ! dim5sive quantity ( ! bread1 z 9 a subject1 j z ! o!r accid5ts4 ,& z ! sacram5tal species are ! sacram5t ( ,*ri/'s true body1 s is ! break+ ( ^! species ! sacram5t ( our ,"l's ,passion1 :i* 0 9 ,*ri/'s true body4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z r>ity & d5sity rema9 "u ! sacram5tal species1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ad #c71 s likewise por\sness rema9s1 & 9 consequ5ce breakabl5ess4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,h>dness results f d5sity2 !re=e1 z d5sity rema9s "u ! sacram5tal species1 h>dness rema9s !re too1 & ! capability ( s\nd z a consequ5ce4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,:at is eat5 "u its own species1 is also brok5 & ma/icat$ "u its own species2 b ,*ri/'s body is eat5 n "u its prop]1 b "u ! sacram5tal species4 ,h5ce 9 expla9+ ,john #f3fd1 ,! fle% pr(ite? no?+1 ,augu/9e 7,tract4 xxvii 9 ,joan47 says t ?is is to be tak5 z ref]r+ to ^? :o und]/ood c>nally3 = !y und]/ood ! fle%1 ?us1 z x is divid$ piecemeal1 9 a dead body1 or z sold 9 ! %ambles4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s v body is n brok51 except accord+ to its sacram5tal species4 ,& ! confession made by ,b]5g>ius is to be und]/ood 9 ?is s5se1 t ! break+ & ! cru%+ ) ! tee? is to be ref]r$ to ! sacram5tal species1 "u :i* ! body ( ,*ri/ truly is4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gg1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,any ,liquid ,c ,be ,m+l$ ) ! ,consecrat$ ,w9e8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t no liquid c be m+l$ ) ! consecrat$ w9e1 because ev]y?+ m+l$ ) ano!r p>takes ( its quality4 ,b no liquid c %>e 9 ! quality ( ! sacram5tal species1 because ^? accid5ts are )\t a subject1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,!re=e x seems t no liquid c be m+l$ ) ! sacram5tal species ( ! w9e4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 if any k9d ( liquid be mix$ ) ^? species1 !n "s "o ?+ mu/ be ! result4 ,b no "o ?+ c result f ! liquid1 :i* is a sub/ance1 & ! sacram5tal species1 :i* are accid5ts2 nor f ! liquid & ,*ri/'s blood1 :i* ow+ to its incorruptibility suff]s nei!r increase nor decrease4 ,!re=e no liquid c be mix$ ) ! consecrat$ w9e4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 if any liquid be mix$ ) ! consecrat$ w9e1 !n t also w\ld appe> to be consecrat$2 j z wat] add$ to holy-wat] becomes holy4 ,b ! consecrat$ w9e is truly ,*ri/'s blood4 ,!re=e ! liquid add$ w\ld likewise be ,*ri/'s blood o!rwise ?an by consecration1 :i* is unbecom+4 ,!re=e no liquid c be m+l$ ) ! consecrat$ w9e4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 if "o ( two ?+s be entirely corrupt$1 !re is no mixture 7,de ,g5]4 i74 ,b if we mix any liquid1 x seems t ! entire species ( ! sacram5tal w9e is corrupt$1 s t ! blood ( ,*ri/ ceases to be b5ea? x2 bo? because great & little are diff]5ce ( quantity1 & alt] x1 z :ite & black cause a diff]5ce ( color2 & because ! liquid mix$1 z hav+ no ob/acle1 seems to p]meate ! :ole1 & s ,*ri/'s blood ceases to be !re1 s9ce x is n !re ) any o!r sub/ance4 ,consequ5tly1 no liquid c be mix$ ) ! consecrat$ w9e4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is evid5t to our s5ses t ano!r liquid c be mix$ ) ! w9e aft] x is consecrat$1 j z be=e4 ,i answ] t1 ,! tru? ( ?is "q is evid5t f :at has be5 said already4 ,= x 0 said above 7,a4 #c2 ,a4 #e1 ad #b7 t ! species rema9+ 9 ?is sacram5t1 z !y acquire ! mann] ( be+ ( sub/ance 9 virtue ( ! consecration1 s likewise d !y obta9 ! mode ( act+ & ( be+ act$ ^u1 s t !y c d or receive :atev] _! sub/ance c\ld d or receive1 7 x !re pres5t4 ,b x is evid5t t if ! sub/ance ( w9e 7 !re pres5t1 !n "s o!r liquid c\ld be m+l$ ) x4 ,nev]!less !re w\ld be a diff]5t effect ( su* mix+ bo? accord+ to ! =m & accord+ to ! quantity ( ! liquid4 ,= if suffici5t liquid 7 mix$ s z to spread itself all ?r\gh ! w9e1 !n ! :ole w\ld be a mix$ sub/ance4 ,n[ :at is made up ( ?+s mix$ is nei!r ( !m1 b ea* passes into a ?ird result+ f bo?3 h5ce x w\ld result t ! =m] w9e w\ld rema9 no long]4 ,b if ! liquid add$ 7 ( ano!r species1 = in/ance1 if wat] 7 mix$1 ! species ( ! w9e w\ld be dissolv$1 & !re w\ld be a liquid ( ano!r species4 ,b if liquid ( ! same species 7 add$1 ( in/ance1 w9e ) w9e1 ! same species w\ld rema91 b ! w9e w\ld n be ! same num]ically1 z ! div]sity ( ! accid5ts %[s3 = in/ance1 if "o w9e 7 :ite & ! o!r r$4 ,b if ! liquid add$ 7 ( su* m9ute quantity t x c\ld n p]meate ! :ole1 ! entire w9e w\ld n be mix$1 b only "p ( x1 :i* w\ld n rema9 ! same num]ically ow+ to ! bl5d+ ( extrane\s matt]3 /ill x w\ld rema9 ! same specifically1 n only if a little liquid ( ! same species 7 mix$ ) x1 b ev5 if x 7 ( ano!r species1 s9ce a drop ( wat] bl5d$ ) mu* w9e passes into ! species ( w9e 7,de ,g5]4 i74 ,n[ x is evid5t t ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ abide 9 ?is sacram5t s long z ! species rema9 num]ically ! same1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d2 ,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #f1 ad #c72 because x is ?is bread & ?is w9e :i* is consecrat$4 ,h5ce1 if ! liquid ( any k9d :atsoev] add$ be s mu* 9 quantity z to p]meate ! :ole ( ! consecrat$ w9e1 & be mix$ ) x ?r\gh\t1 ! result w\ld be some?+ num]ically di/9ct1 & ! blood ( ,*ri/ w rema9 !re no long]4 ,b if ! quantity ( ! liquid add$ be s slight z n to p]meate ?r\gh\t1 b to rea* only a "p ( ! species1 ,*ri/'s blood w cease to be "u t "p ( ! consecrat$ w9e1 yet w rema9 "u ! re/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii 9 a ,decretal writes ?us3 ,! v accid5ts appe> to affect ! w9e t is add$1 because1 if wat] is add$1 x takes ! savor ( ! w9e4 ,! result is1 !n1 t ! accid5ts *ange ! subject1 j z subject *anges accid5ts2 = nature yields to miracle1 & p[] works beyond cu/om4 ,b ?is mu/ n be und]/ood z if ! same id5tical accid5t1 :i* 0 9 ! w9e previ\s to consecration1 is aft]w>ds 9 ! w9e t is add$2 b su* *ange is ! result ( action2 because ! rema9+ accid5ts ( ! w9e reta9 ! action ( sub/ance1 z /at$ above1 & s !y act ^u ! liquid add$1 by *ang+ x4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! liquid add$ to ! consecrat$ w9e is 9 no way mix$ ) ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s blood4 ,nev]!less x is mix$ ) ! sacram5tal species1 yet s t aft] su* mix+ ! a=esaid species are corrupt$ entirely or 9 "p1 aft] ! way m5tion$ above 7,a4 #e71 :]eby some?+ c be g5]at$ f ^? species4 ,& if !y be entirely corrupt$1 !re rema9s no fur!r "q1 because ! :ole w be uni=m4 ,b if !y be corrupt$ 9 "p1 !re w be "o dim5sion accord+ to ! cont9uity ( quantity1 b n "o accord+ to ! mode ( be+1 because "o "p !re( w be )\t a subject :ile ! o!r is 9 a subject2 z 9 a body t is made up ( two metals1 !re w be "o body quantitatively1 b n "o z to ! species ( ! matt]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,pope ,innoc5t says 9 ! a=esaid ,decretal1 if aft] ! consecration o!r w9e be put 9 ! *alice1 x is n *ang$ into ! blood1 nor is x m+l$ ) ! blood1 b1 mix$ ) ! accid5ts ( ! previ\s w9e1 x is diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! body :i* und]lies !m1 yet )\t wett+ :at surr\nds x4 ,n[ ?is is to be und]/ood :5 !re is n suffici5t mix+ ( extrane\s liquid to cause ! blood ( ,*ri/ to cease to be "u ! :ole2 because a ?+ is said to be diffus$ ?r\gh\t1 n because x t\*es ! body ( ,*ri/ accord+ to its prop] dim5sions1 b accord+ to ! sacram5tal dim5sions1 "u :i* x is conta9$4 ,n[ x is n ! same ) holy wat]1 because ! bless+ works no *ange 9 ! sub/ance ( ! wat]1 z ! consecration ( ! w9e does4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,"s h held t h[ev] slight be ! mix+ ( extrane\s liquid1 ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s blood ceases to be "u ! :ole1 & = ! reason giv5 above 7,obj4 #d72 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n a cog5t "o2 because m or less div]sify dim5sive quantity1 n z to its ess5ce1 b z to ! det]m9ation ( its measure4 ,9 l mann] ! liquid add$ c be s small z on t acc\nt to be h9d]$ f p]meat+ ! :ole1 & n simply by ! dim5sions2 :i*1 al?\gh !y are pres5t )\t a subject1 /ill !y are oppos$ to ano!r liquid1 j z sub/ance w\ld be if x 7 pres5t1 accord+ to :at 0 said at ! beg9n+ ( ! article4 ,,"q #gh ,,( ,,! ,,=m ,,( ,,?is ,,sacram5t 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! =m ( ?is sacram5t2 conc]n+ :i* !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:at is ! =m ( ?is sacram5t8 7#b7 ,:e!r ! =m = ! consecration ( ! bread is appropriate8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! =m = ! consecration ( ! blood is appropriate8 7#d7 ,( ! p[] ( ea* =m8 7#e7 ,( ! tru? ( ! expression8 7#f7 ,( ! comp>ison ( ! "o =m ) ! o!r8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gh1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,?is ,is ! ,=m ( ,?is ,sacram5t3 ,?is ,is ,my ,body1 & ,?is ,is ! ,*alice ( ,my ,blood8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is is n ! =m ( ?is sacram5t3 ,?is is ,my body1 &1 ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood4 ,because ^? words seem to belong to ! =m ( ?is sacram5t1 :]e) ,*ri/ consecrat$ ,8 body & blood4 ,b ,*ri/ fir/ bless$ ! bread :i* ,he took1 & said aft]w>ds3 ,take ye & eat2 ?is is ,my body 7,matt4 #bf3bf74 ,!re=e ! :ole ( ?is seems to belong to ! =m ( ?is sacram5t3 & ! same reason holds good ( ! words :i* g ) ! consecration ( ! blood4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,eusebius ,emiss5us 7,pseudo-,hi]on3 ,ep4 xxix2 ,pseudo-,isid43 ,hom4 iv7 says3 ,! invisible ,prie/ *anges visible creatures into ,8 own body1 say+3 ',take ye & eat2 ?is is ,my body4' ,!re=e1 ! :ole ( ?is seems to belong to ! =m ( ?is sacram5t3 & ! same hold good ( ! works app]ta9+ to ! blood4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! =m ( ,baptism bo? ! m9i/] & 8 act are express$1 :5 x is said1 ,i baptize !e4 ,b 9 ! words set =? above !re is no m5tion made ei!r ( ! m9i/] or ( 8 act4 ,!re=e ! =m ( ! sacram5t is n a suitable "o4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! =m ( ! sacram5t suffices = its p]fection2 h5ce ! sacram5t ( ,baptism c be p]=m$ sometimes by pron\nc+ ! words ( ! =m only1 omitt+ all ! o!rs4 ,!re=e1 if ! a=esaid words be ! =m ( ?is sacram5t1 x w\ld seem z if ?is sacram5t c\ld be p]=m$ sometimes by utt]+ ^? words alone1 :ile leav+ out all ! o!rs :i* are said 9 ! mass2 yet ?is seems to be false1 because1 7 ! o!r words to be pass$ ov]1 ! said words w\ld be tak5 z spok5 9 ! p]son ( ! prie/ say+ !m1 :]eas ! bread & w9e are n *ang$ into 8 body & blood4 ,consequ5tly1 ! a=esaid words are n ! =m ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv73 ,! consecration is accompli%$ by ! words & expressions ( ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,because1 by all ! o!r words spok51 praise is r5d]$ to ,god1 pray] is put up = ! p1 = k+s1 & o!rs2 b :5 ! "t comes = p]fect+ ! sacram5t1 ! prie/ uses no long] 8 own words1 b ! words ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e1 x is ,*ri/'s words t p]fect ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is sacram5t diff]s f ! o!r sacram5ts 9 two respects4 ,fir/ ( all1 9 ?is1 t ?is sacram5t is accompli%$ by ! consecration ( ! matt]1 :ile ! re/ are p]fect$ 9 ! use ( ! consecrat$ matt]4 ,secondly1 because 9 ! o!r sacram5ts ! consecration ( ! matt] consi/s only 9 a bless+1 f :i* ! matt] consecrat$ d]ives in/rum5tally a spiritual p[]1 :i* ?r\gh ! prie/ :o is an animat$ in/rum5t1 c pass on to inanimate in/rum5ts4 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t ! consecration ( ! matt] consi/s 9 ! miracul\s *ange ( ! sub/ance1 :i* c only be done by ,god2 h5ce ! m9i/] 9 p]=m+ ?is sacram5t has no o!r act save ! pron\nc+ ( ! words4 ,& because ! =m %\ld suit ! ?+1 !re=e ! =m ( ?is sacram5t diff]s f ! =ms ( ! o!r sacram5ts 9 two respects4 ,fir/1 because ! =m ( ! o!r sacram5ts implies ! use ( ! matt]1 z = in/ance1 baptiz+1 or sign+2 b ! =m ( ?is sacram5t implies m]ely ! consecration ( ! matt]1 :i* consi/s 9 transub/antiation1 z :5 x is said1 ,?is is ,my body1 or1 ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood4 ,secondly1 because ! =ms ( ! o!r sacram5ts are pron\nc$ 9 ! p]son ( ! m9i/]1 :e!r by way ( ex]cis+ an act1 z :5 x is said1 ,i baptize !e1 or ,i confirm !e1 etc42 or by way ( comm&1 z :5 x is said 9 ! sacram5t ( ord]1 ,take ! p[]1 etc42 or by way ( entreaty1 z :5 9 ! sacram5t ( ,extreme ,unction x is said1 ,by ?is ano9t+ & our int]cession1 etc4 ,b ! =m ( ?is sacram5t is pron\nc$ z if ,*ri/ 7 speak+ 9 p]son1 s t x is giv5 to be und]/ood t ! m9i/] does no?+ 9 p]fect+ ?is sacram5t1 except to pron\nce ! words ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,!re are _m op9ions on ?is matt]4 ,"s h said t ,*ri/1 ,:o _h p[] ( excell5ce 9 ! sacram5ts1 p]=m$ ?is sacram5t )\t us+ any =m ( words1 & t aft]w>ds ,he pron\nc$ ! words "u :i* o!rs 7 to consecrate !reaft]4 ,& ! words ( ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii seem to convey ! same s5se 7,de ,sacr4 ,alt4 ,my/4 iv71 :]e he says3 ,9 good soo? x c be said t ,*ri/ accompli%$ ?is sacram5t by ,8 ,div9e p[]1 & subsequ5tly express$ ! =m "u :i* ^? :o came aft] 7 to consecrate4 ,b 9 opposition to ?is view are ! words ( ! ,gospel 9 :i* x is said t ,*ri/ bless$1 & ?is bless+ 0 effect$ by c]ta9 words4 ,accord+ly ^? words ( ,innoc5t are to be consid]$ z express+ an op9ion1 r ?an det]m9+ ! po9t4 ,o!rs1 aga91 h said t ! bless+ 0 effect$ by o!r words n kn[n to u4 ,b ?is /atem5t _c /&1 because ! bless+ ( ! consecration is n[ p]=m$ by recit+ ! ?+s :i* 7 !n accompli%$2 h5ce1 if ! consecration 0 n p]=m$ !n by ^! words1 nei!r w\ld x be n[4 ,accord+ly1 o!rs h ma9ta9$ t ?is bless+ 0 effect$ by ! same words z are us$ n[2 b t ,*ri/ spoke !m twice1 at fir/ secretly1 9 ord] to consecrate1 & aft]w>ds op5ly1 to in/ruct o!rs4 ,b ev5 ?is w n hold good1 because ! prie/ 9 consecrat+ uses ^! words1 n z spok5 9 secret1 b z op5ly pron\nc$4 ,accord+ly1 s9ce ^! words h no p[] except f ,*ri/ pron\nc+ !m1 x seems t ,*ri/ also consecrat$ by pron\nc+ !m op5ly4 ,& !re=e o!rs said t ! ,evangeli/s did n always foll[ ! precise ord] 9 _! n>rative z t 9 :i* ?+s actually happ5$1 z is se5 f ,augu/9e 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 ii74 ,h5ce x is to be und]/ood t ! ord] ( :at took place c be express$ ?us3 ,tak+ ! bread ,he bless$ x1 say+3 ,?is is ,my body1 & !n ,he broke x1 & gave x to ,8 disciples4 ,b ! same s5se c be _h ev5 )\t *ang+ ! words ( ! ,gospel2 because ! p>ticiple say+ implies sequ5ce ( ! words utt]$ ) :at goes be=e4 ,& x is n necess>y = ! sequ5ce to be und]/ood only ) respect to ! la/ ^w spok51 z if ,*ri/ _h j !n pron\nc$ ^? words1 :5 ,he gave x to ,8 disciples2 b ! sequ5ce c be und]/ood ) reg>d to all t _h gone be=e2 s t ! s5se is3 ,:ile ,he 0 bless+1 & break+1 & giv+ x to ,8 disciples1 ,he spoke ! words1 ',take ye1' etc4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ^! words1 ,take ye & eat1 ! use ( ! consecrat$1 matt] is indicat$1 :i* is n ( ! necessity ( ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #g74 ,& !re=e n ev5 ^! words belong to ! sub/ance ( ! =m4 ,nev]!less1 because ! use ( ! consecrat$ matt] belongs to a c]ta9 p]fection ( ! sacram5t1 9 ! same way z op]ation is n ! fir/ b ! second p]fection ( a ?+1 consequ5tly1 ! :ole p]fection ( ?is sacram5t is express$ by all ^? words3 & x 0 9 ?is way t ,eusebius und]/ood t ! sacram5t 0 accompli%$ by ^? words1 z to its fir/ & second p]fection4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism ! m9i/] ex]cises an act reg>d+ ! use ( ! matt]1 :i* is ( ! ess5ce ( ! sacram5t3 su* is n ! case 9 ?is sacram5t2 h5ce !re is no p>allel4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,"s h cont5d$ t ?is sacram5t _c be accompli%$ by utt]+ ! a=esaid words1 :ile leav+ out ! re/1 especially ! words 9 ! ,canon ( ! ,mass4 ,b t ?is is false c be se5 bo? f ,ambrose's words quot$ above1 z well z f ! fact t ! ,canon ( ! ,mass is n ! same 9 all places or times1 b v>i\s portions h be5 introduc$ by v>i\s p4 ,accord+ly x mu/ be held t if ! prie/ 7 to pron\nce only ! a=esaid words ) ! int5tion ( consecrat+ ?is sacram5t1 ?is sacram5t w\ld be valid because ! int5tion w\ld cause ^! words to be und]/ood z spok5 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 ev5 ?\gh ! words 7 pron\nc$ )\t ^? t prec$e4 ,! prie/1 h[ev]1 w\ld s9 gravely 9 consecrat+ ! sacram5t ?us1 z he w\ld n be obs]v+ ! rite ( ! ,*ur*4 ,nor does ! comp>ison ) ,baptism prove any?+2 = x is a sacram5t ( necessity3 :]eas ! lack ( ?is sacram5t c be suppli$ by ! spiritual p>tak+ !re(1 z ,augu/9e says 7cf4 ,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #c1 ad #a74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gh1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,?is ,is ! ,prop] ,=m = ! ,consecration ( ! ,bread3 ,?is ,is ,my ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is is n ! prop] =m ( ?is sacram5t3 ,?is is ,my body4 ,= ! effect ( a sacram5t ought to be express$ 9 its =m4 ,b ! effect ( ! consecration ( ! bread is ! *ange ( ! sub/ance ( ! bread into ! body ( ,*ri/1 & ?is is bett] express$ by ! ^w becomes ?an by is4 ,!re=e1 9 ! =m ( ! consecration we ought to say3 ,?is becomes ,my body4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv71 ,*ri/'s words consecrate ?is sacram5t4 ,:at ^w ( ,*ri/8 ,?is ^w1 :]eby all ?+s are made4 ,! ,"l comm&$1 & ! heav5s & e>? 7 made4 ,!re=e1 x w\ld be a m prop] =m ( ?is sacram5t if ! imp]ative mood 7 employ$1 s z to say3 ,be ?is ,my body4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 t :i* is *ang$ is impli$ 9 ! subject ( ?is phrase1 j z ! t]m ( ! *ange is impli$ 9 ! pr$icate4 ,b j z t into :i* ! *ange is made is some?+ det]m9ate1 = ! *ange is into no?+ else b ! body ( ,*ri/1 s also t :i* is conv]t$ is det]m9ate1 s9ce only bread is conv]t$ into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e1 z a n\n is ins]t$ on ! "p ( ! pr$icate1 s also %\ld a n\n be ins]t$ 9 ! subject1 s t x be said3 ,?is bread is ,my body4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 j z ! t]m ( ! *ange is det]m9ate 9 nature1 because x is a body1 s also is x det]m9ate 9 p]son4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ord] to det]m9e ! p]son1 x ought to be said3 ,?is is ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 no?+ ought to be ins]t$ 9 ! =m except :at is sub/antial to x4 ,consequ5tly1 ! conjunction = is improp]ly add$ 9 "s books1 s9ce x does n belong to ! sub/ance ( ! =m4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l us$ ?is =m 9 consecrat+1 z is evid5t f ,matt4 #bf3bf4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is is ! prop] =m = ! consecration ( ! bread4 ,= x 0 said 7,a4 #a7 t ?is consecration consi/s 9 *ang+ ! sub/ance ( bread into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ ! =m ( a sacram5t ought to d5ote :at is done 9 ! sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly ! =m = ! consecration ( ! bread ought to signify ! actual conv]sion ( ! bread into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,& h]e9 are ?ree ?+s to be consid]$3 namely1 ! actual conv]sion1 ! t]m :5ce1 & ! t]m :]eunto4 ,n[ ! conv]sion c be consid]$ 9 two ways3 fir/1 9 becom+1 secondly1 9 be+4 ,b ! conv]sion ought n to be signifi$ 9 ?is =m z 9 becom+1 b z 9 be+4 ,fir/1 because su* conv]sion is n successive1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #g71 b in/antane\s2 & 9 su* *anges ! becom+ is no?+ else ?an ! be+4 ,secondly1 because ! sacram5tal =ms be> ! same relation to ! signification ( ! sacram5tal effect z artificial =ms to ! repres5tation ( ! effect ( art4 ,n[ an artificial =m is ! lik5ess ( ! ultimate effect1 on :i* ! arti/'s int5tion is fix$2 j z ! art-=m 9 ! build]'s m9d is pr9cipally ! =m ( ! h\se con/ruct$1 & second>ily ( ! con/ruct+4 ,accord+ly1 9 ?is =m also ! conv]sion ought to be express$ z 9 be+1 to :i* ! int5tion is ref]r$4 ,& s9ce ! conv]sion is express$ 9 ?is =m z 9 be+1 x is necess>y = ! extremes ( ! conv]sion to be signifi$ z !y exi/ 9 ! fact ( conv]sion4 ,b !n ! t]m :]eunto has ! prop] nature ( its own sub/ance2 :]eas ! t]m :5ce does n rema9 9 its own sub/ance1 b only z to ! accid5ts :]eby x comes "u ! s5ses1 & c be det]m9$ 9 relation to ! s5ses4 ,h5ce ! t]m :5ce ( ! conv]sion is conv5i5tly express$ by ! demon/rative pron\n1 relative to ! s5sible accid5ts :i* cont9ue2 b ! t]m :]eunto is express$ by ! n\n signify+ ! nature ( ! ?+ :i* t]m9ates ! conv]sion1 & ?is is ,*ri/'s entire body1 & n m]ely ,8 fle%2 z 0 said above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b74 ,h5ce ?is =m is mo/ appropriate3 ,?is is ,my body4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! ultimate effect ( ?is conv]sion is n a becom+ b a be+1 z /at$ above1 & consequ5tly prom95ce %\ld be giv5 to ?is 9 ! =m4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,god's ^w op]at$ 9 ! creation ( ?+s1 & x is ! same :i* op]ates 9 ?is consecration1 yet ea* 9 diff]5t fa%ion3 because "h x op]ates effectively & sacram5tally1 t is1 9 virtue ( its signification4 ,& consequ5tly ! la/ effect ( ! consecration mu/ ne$s be signifi$ 9 ?is s5t5ce by a sub/antive v]b ( ! indicative mood & pres5t "t4 ,b 9 ! creation ( ?+s x work$ m]ely effectively1 & su* effici5cy is due to ! comm& ( ,8 wisdom2 & !re=e 9 ! creation ( ?+s ! ,"l's ^w is express$ by a v]b 9 ! imp]ative mood1 z 9 ,g54 #a3c3 ,let !re be light1 & light 0 made4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! t]m :5ce does n reta9 ! nature ( its sub/ance 9 ! be+ ( ! conv]sion1 z ! t]m :]eunto does4 ,!re=e !re is no p>allel4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! pron\n ,my1 :i* implicitly po9ts to ! *ief p]son1 i4e4 ! p]son ( ! speak]1 suffici5tly indicates ,*ri/'s p]son1 9 ,^: p]son ^! words are utt]$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,! conjunction = is set 9 ?is =m accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 :o d]iv$ x f ,pet] ! ,apo/le2 & ?is on acc\nt ( ! sequ5ce ) ! words prec$+3 & !re=e x is n "p ( ! =m1 j z ! words prec$+ ! =m are n4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gh1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,?is ,is ! ,prop] ,=m = ! ,consecration ( ! ,w9e3 ,?is ,is ! ,*alice ( ,my ,blood1 ,etc48 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is is n ! prop] =m = ! consecration ( ! w9e4 ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood1 ( ! ,new & ,et]nal ,te/am5t1 ! ,my/]y ( ,fai?1 :i* %all be %$ = y & = _m unto ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,= z ! bread is *ang$ by ! p[] ( consecration into ,*ri/'s body1 s is ! w9e *ang$ into ,*ri/'s blood1 z is cle> f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #gf1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b1 #c74 ,b 9 ! =m ( ! consecration ( ! bread1 ! body ( ,*ri/ is expressly m5tion$1 )\t any addition4 ,!re=e 9 ?is =m ! blood ( ,*ri/ is improp]ly express$ 9 ! oblique case1 & ! *alice 9 ! nom9ative1 :5 x is said3 ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! words spok5 9 ! consecration ( ! bread are n m efficaci\s ?an ^? spok5 9 ! consecration ( ! w9e1 s9ce bo? are ,*ri/'s words4 ,b directly ! words are spok5--,?is is ,my body1 !re is p]fect consecration ( ! bread4 ,!re=e1 directly ^! o!r words are utt]$--,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood1 !re is p]fect consecration ( ! blood2 & s ! words :i* foll[ d n appeal to be ( ! sub/ance ( ! =m1 especially s9ce !y ref] to ! prop]ties ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,new ,te/am5t seems to be an int]nal inspiration1 z is evid5t f ! ,apo/le quot+ ! words ( ,j]emias 7#ca3ca73 ,i w p]fect unto ! h\se ( ,israel a ,new ,te/am5t 4 4 4 ,i w give ,my laws into _! m9d 7,heb4 #h3h74 ,b a sacram5t is an outw>d visible act4 ,!re=e1 9 ! =m ( ! sacram5t ! words ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are improp]ly add$4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 a ?+ is said to be new :i* is ne> ! beg9n+ ( its exi/5ce4 ,b :at is et]nal has no beg9n+ ( its exi/5ce4 ,!re=e x is incorrect to say ( ! ,new & ,et]nal1 because x seems to savor ( a contradiction4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 occasions ( error ought to be )held f m51 accord+ to ,isa4 #eg3ad3 ,take away ! /umbl+ blocks out ( ! way ( ,my p4 ,b "s h fall5 into error 9 ?9k+ t ,*ri/'s body & blood are only my/ically pres5t 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e x is out ( place to add ! my/]y ( fai?4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 x 0 said above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #c1 ad #c71 t z ,baptism is ! sacram5t ( fai?1 s is ! ,eu*>i/ ! sacram5t ( *>ity4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ?is =m ! ^w *>ity ought r to be us$ ?an fai?4 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 ! :ole ( ?is sacram5t1 bo? z to body & blood1 is a memorial ( our ,"l's ,passion1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aa3bf3 ,z (t5 z y %all eat ?is bread & dr9k ! *alice1 y %all %[ ! dea? ( ! ,"l4 ,consequ5tly1 m5tion ought to be made ( ,*ri/'s ,passion & its fruit r 9 ! =m ( ! consecration ( ! blood1 ?an 9 ! =m ( ! consecration ( ! body1 especially s9ce our ,"l said3 ,?is is ,my body1 :i* %all be deliv]$ up = y 7,luke #bb3ai74 ,obj4 #h3 ,fur!r1 z 0 already obs]v$ 7,q4 #dh1 ,a4 #b2 ,q4 #di1 ,a4 #c71 ,*ri/'s ,passion suffic$ = all2 :ile z to its efficacy x 0 pr(itable = _m4 ,!re=e x ought to be said3 ,:i* %all be %$ = all1 or else = _m1 )\t add+1 = y4 ,objection #i3 ,fur!r1 ! words :]eby ?is sacram5t is consecrat$ draw _! efficacy f ,*ri/'s in/itution4 ,b no ,evangeli/ n>rates t ,*ri/ spoke all ^! words4 ,!re=e ?is is n an appropriate =m = ! consecration ( ! w9e4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,*ur*1 in/ruct$ by ! apo/les1 uses ?is =m4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re is a tw(old op9ion reg>d+ ?is =m4 ,"s h ma9ta9$ t ! words ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood alone belong to ! sub/ance ( ?is =m1 b n ^? words :i* foll[4 ,n[ ?is seems incorrect1 because ! words :i* foll[ !m are det]m9ations ( ! pr$icate1 t is1 ( ,*ri/'s blood4 consequ5tly !y belong to ! integrity ( ! expression4 ,& on ?is acc\nt o!rs say m accurately t all ! words :i* foll[ are ( ! sub/ance ( ! =m d[n to ! words1 ,z (t5 z ye %all d ?is1 :i* belong to ! use ( ?is sacram5t1 & consequ5tly d n belong to ! sub/ance ( ! =m4 ,h5ce x is t ! prie/ pron\nces all ^! words1 "u ! same rite & mann]1 namely1 hold+ ! *alice 9 8 h&s4 ,moreov]1 9 ,luke #bb3bj1 ! words t foll[ are int]pos$ ) ! prec$+ words3 ,?is is ! *alice1 ! new te/am5t 9 ,my blood4 ,consequ5tly x mu/ be said t all ! a=esaid words belong to ! sub/ance ( ! =m2 b t by ! fir/ words1 ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood1 ! *ange ( ! w9e into blood is d5ot$1 z expla9$ above 7,a4 #b7 9 ! =m = ! consecration ( ! bread2 b by ! words :i* come aft] is %[n ! p[] ( ! blood %$ 9 ! ,passion1 :i* p[] works 9 ?is sacram5t1 & is orda9$ = ?ree purposes4 ,fir/ & pr9cipally = secur+ our et]nal h]itage1 accord+ to ,heb4 #aj3ai3 ,hav+ confid5ce 9 ! ent]+ into ! holies by ! blood ( ,*ri/2 & 9 ord] to d5ote ?is1 we say1 ( ! ,new & ,et]nal ,te/am5t4 ,secondly1 = ju/ify+ by grace1 :i* is by fai? accord+ to ,rom4 #c3be1 #bf3 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood 4 4 4 t ,he ,himself may be j1 & ! ju/ifi] ( him :o is ( ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/3 & on ?is acc\nt we add1 ,! ,my/]y ( ,fai?4 ,?irdly1 = remov+ s9s :i* are ! imp$im5ts to bo? ( ^! ?+s1 accord+ to ,heb4 #i3ad3 ,! blood ( ,*ri/ 4 4 4 %all cleanse our consci5ce f dead works1 t is1 f s9s2 & on ?is acc\nt1 we say1 :i* %all be %$ = y & = _m unto ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! expression ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood is a figure ( spee*1 :i* c be und]/ood 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 z a figure ( metonymy2 because ! conta9] is put = ! conta9$1 s t ! mean+ is3 ,?is is ,my blood conta9$ 9 ! *alice2 ( :i* m5tion is n[ made1 because ,*ri/'s blood is consecrat$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 inasmu* z x is ! dr9k ( ! fai?ful1 :i* is n impli$ "u ! notion ( blood2 consequ5tly ?is _h to be d5ot$ by ! vessel adapt$ = su* usage4 ,secondly1 x c be tak5 by way ( metaphor1 s t ,*ri/'s ,passion is und]/ood by ! *alice by way ( comp>ison1 because1 l a cup1 x inebriates1 accord+ to ,lam4 #c3ae3 ,he ha? fill$ me ) bitt]ness1 he ha? inebriat$ me ) wormwood3 h5ce our ,"l ,himself spoke ( ,8 ,passion z a *alice1 :5 ,he said 7,matt4 #bf3ci73 ,let ?is *alice pass away f ,me3 s t ! mean+ is3 ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my ,passion4 ,?is is d5ot$ by ! blood be+ consecrat$ ap>t f ! body2 because x 0 by ! ,passion t ! blood 0 sep>at$ f ! body4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z 0 said above 7ad #a2 ,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #b1 ad #a71 ! blood consecrat$ ap>t expressly repres5ts ,*ri/'s ,passion1 & !re=e m5tion is made ( ! fruits ( ! ,passion 9 ! consecration ( ! blood r ?an 9 t ( ! body1 s9ce ! body is ! subject ( ! ,passion4 ,?is is also po9t$ out 9 our ,"l's say+1 :i* %all be deliv]$ up = y1 z if to say1 :i* %all und]go ! ,passion = y4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a te/am5t is ! disposal ( a h]itage4 ,b ,god dispos$ ( a heav5ly h]itage to m51 to be be/[$ ?r\gh ! virtue ( ! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 because1 accord+ to ,heb4 #i3af3 ,:]e !re is a te/am5t ! dea? ( ! te/ator mu/ ( necessity come 94 ,n[ ,*ri/'s blood 0 exhibit$ to m5 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all 9 figure1 & ?is belongs to ! ,old ,te/am5t2 consequ5tly ! ,apo/le concludes 7,heb4 #i3af73 ,:]eupon nei!r 0 ! fir/ inde$ d$icat$ )\t blood1 :i* is evid5t f ?is1 t z relat$ 9 ,ex4 #bd3g1 #h1 :5 e comm&m5t ( ! law _h be5 read by ,moses1 he spr9kl$ all ! p say+3 ,?is is ! blood ( ! te/am5t :i* ! ,"l ha? enjo9$ unto y4 ,secondly1 x 0 %[n 9 v tru?2 & ?is belongs to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is is :at ! ,apo/le premises :5 he says 7,rom4 #i3ae73 ,!re=e ,he is ! ,m$iator ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t by means ( ,8 dea? 4 4 4 !y t are call$ may receive ! promise ( et]nal inh]itance4 ,consequ5tly1 we say "h1 ,! blood ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 because x is %[n n[ n 9 figure b 9 tru?2 & !re=e we add1 :i* %all be %$ = y4 ,b ! int]nal inspiration has its orig9 9 ! p[] ( ?is blood1 accord+ z we are ju/ifi$ by ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,?is ,te/am5t is a new "o by reason ( its %[+ =?3 yet x is call$ et]nal bo? on acc\nt ( ,god's et]nal pre-ord9ation1 z well z on acc\nt ( ! et]nal h]itage :i* is prep>$ by ?is te/am5t4 ,moreov]1 ,*ri/'s ,p]son is et]nal1 9 ,^: blood ?is te/am5t is appo9t$4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,! ^w my/]y is ins]t$1 n 9 ord] to exclude reality1 b to %[ t ! reality is hidd51 because ,*ri/'s blood is 9 ?is sacram5t 9 a hidd5 mann]1 & ,8 ,passion 0 dimly =e%ad[$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,x is call$ ! ,sacram5t ( ,fai?1 z be+ an object ( fai?3 because by fai? alone d we hold ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/'s blood 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,moreov] ,*ri/'s ,passion ju/ifies by fai?4 ,baptism is call$ ! ,sacram5t ( ,fai? because x is a pr(ession ( fai?4 ,?is is call$ ! ,sacram5t ( ,*>ity1 z be+ figurative & effective !re(4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,z /at$ above 7ad #b71 ! blood consecrat$ ap>t repres5ts ,*ri/'s blood m expressively2 & !re=e m5tion is made ( ,*ri/'s ,passion & its fruits1 9 ! consecration ( ! blood r ?an 9 t ( ! body4 ,reply ,obj4 #h3 ,! blood ( ,*ri/'s ,passion has its efficacy n m]ely 9 ! elect among ! ,jews1 to :om ! blood ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 exhibit$1 b also 9 ! ,g5tiles2 nor only 9 prie/s :o consecrate ?is sacram5t1 & 9 ^? o!rs :o p>take ( x2 b likewise 9 ^? = :om x is (f]$4 ,& !re=e ,he says expressly1 = y1 ! ,jews1 & = _m1 namely ! ,g5tiles2 or1 = y :o eat ( x1 & = _m1 = :om x is (f]$4 ,reply ,obj4 #i3 ,! ,evangeli/s did n int5d to h& d[n ! =ms ( ! sacram5ts1 :i* 9 ! primitive ,*ur* _h to be kept conceal$1 z ,dionysius obs]ves at ! close ( 8 book on ! ecclesia/ical hi]>*y2 _! object 0 to write ! /ory ( ,*ri/4 ,nev]!less ne>ly all ^! words c be cull$ f v>i\s passages ( ! ,scriptures4 ,because ! words1 ,?is is ! *alice1 are f\nd 9 ,luke #bb3bj1 & #a ,cor4 #aa3be1 :ile ,mat!w says 9 *apt] #bf3bh3 ,?is is ,my blood ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* %all be %$ = _m unto ! remission ( s9s4 ,! words add$1 namely1 et]nal & my/]y ( fai?1 7 h&$ d[n to ! ,*ur* by ! apo/les1 :o receiv$ !m f our ,"l1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aa3bc3 ,i h receiv$ ( ! ,"l t :i* also ,i deliv]$ unto y4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gh1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r 9 ! ,a=esaid ,words ( ! ,=ms ,!re ,be ,any ,creat$ ,p[] ,:i* ,causes ! ,consecration8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t 9 ! a=esaid words ( ! =ms !re is no creat$ p[] :i* causes ! consecration4 ,because ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv73 ,! *ange ( ! bread into ,*ri/'s body is caus$ solely by ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is uncreat$4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t is n caus$ by any creat$ p[] ( ^? words4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 miracul\s works are wr\ght n by any creat$ p[]1 b solely by ,div9e p[]1 z 0 /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #d74 ,b ! *ange ( ! bread & w9e into ,*ri/'s body & blood is a "w n less miracul\s ?an ! creation ( ?+s1 or ?an ! =mation ( ,*ri/'s body 9 ! womb ( a virg93 :i* ?+s c\ld n be done by any creat$ p[]4 ,!re=e1 nei!r is ?is sacram5t consecrat$ by any creat$ p[] ( ! a=esaid words4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! a=esaid words are n simple1 b compos$ ( _m2 nor are !y utt]$ simultane\sly1 b successively4 ,b1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #g71 ?is *ange is wr\ght in/antane\sly4 ,h5ce x mu/ be done by a simple p[]4 ,!re=e x is n effect$ by ! p[] ( ^? words4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv73 ,if !re be su* might 9 ! ^w ( ! ,"l ,jesus t ?+s non-exi/5t came into be+1 h[ mu* m efficaci\s is x to make ?+s exi/+ to cont9ue1 & to be *ang$ into some?+ else8 ,& s1 :at 0 bread be=e consecration is n[ ! body ( ,*ri/ aft] consecration1 because ,*ri/'s ^w *anges a creature into some?+ diff]5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h ma9ta9$ t nei!r 9 ! above words is !re any creat$ p[] = caus+ ! transub/antiation1 nor 9 ! o!r =ms ( ! sacram5ts1 or ev5 9 ! sacram5ts !mselves1 = produc+ ! sacram5tal effects4 ,?is1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a71 is bo? contr>y to ! tea*+s ( ! sa9ts1 & detracts f ! dignity ( ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ?is sacram5t is ( great] wor? ?an ! o!rs1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #c71 ! result is t !re is 9 ! words ( ! =m ( ?is sacram5t a creat$ p[] :i* causes ! *ange to be wr\ght 9 x3 in/rum5tal1 h[ev]1 z 9 ! o!r sacram5ts1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d74 ,= s9ce ^! words are utt]$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 x is f ,8 comm& t !y receive _! in/rum5tal p[] f ,him1 j z ,8 o!r de$s & say+s d]ive _! salut>y p[] in/rum5tally1 z 0 obs]v$ above 7,q4 #dh1 ,a4 #f2 ,q4 #ef1 ,a4 #a1 ad #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 ! bread is said to be *ang$ into ,*ri/'s body solely by ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! in/rum5tal p[] :i* lies 9 ! =m ( ?is sacram5t is n exclud$3 j z :5 we say t ! smi? alone makes a knife we d n d5y ! p[] ( ! hamm]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,no creature c "w miracles z ! *ief ag5t4 ,yet x c d s in/rum5tally1 j z ! t\* ( ,*ri/'s h& heal$ ! lep]4 ,& 9 ?is fa%ion ,*ri/'s words *ange ! bread into ,8 body4 ,b 9 ,*ri/'s conception1 :]eby ,8 body 0 fa%ion$1 x 0 impossible = any?+ d]iv$ f ,8 body to h ! in/rum5tal p[] ( =m+ t v body4 ,likewise 9 creation !re 0 no t]m :]e9 ! in/rum5tal action ( a creature c\ld be receiv$4 ,consequ5tly !re is no comp>ison4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! a=esaid words1 :i* "w ! consecration1 op]ate sacram5tally4 ,consequ5tly1 ! conv]t+ p[] lat5t "u ! =ms ( ^! sacram5ts foll[s ! mean+1 :i* is t]m9at$ 9 ! utt]+ ( ! la/ ^w4 ,& !re=e ! a=esaid words h ?is p[] 9 ! la/ in/ant ( _! be+ utt]$1 tak5 9 conjunction ) ^? utt]$ be=e4 ,& ?is p[] is simple by reason ( ! ?+ signifi$1 al?\gh !re be composition 9 ! words utt]$ outw>dly4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gh1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,a=esaid ,expressions ,are ,true8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! a=esaid expressions are n true4 ,because :5 we say3 ,?is is ,my body1 ! ^w ?is designates a sub/ance4 ,b accord+ to :at 0 said above 7,,aa4 #a1 #d1 ad #c2 ,q4 #ge1 ,,aa4 #b1 #g71 :5 ! pron\n ?is is spok51 ! sub/ance ( ! bread is /ill !re1 because ! transub/antiation takes place 9 ! la/ in/ant ( pron\nc+ ! words4 ,b x is false to say3 ,bread is ,*ri/'s body4 ,consequ5tly ?is expression1 ,?is is ,my body1 is false4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! pron\n ?is appeals to ! s5ses4 ,b ! s5sible species 9 ?is sacram5t are nei!r ,*ri/'s body nor ev5 its accid5ts4 ,!re=e ?is expression1 ,?is is ,my body1 _c be true4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z 0 obs]v$ above 7,a4 #d1 ad #c71 ^! words1 by _! signification1 effect ! *ange ( ! bread into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,b an effective cause is und]/ood z prec$+ its effect4 ,!re=e ! mean+ ( ^! words is und]/ood z prec$+ ! *ange ( ! bread into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,b previ\s to ! *ange ?is expression1 ,?is is ,my body1 is false4 ,!re=e ! expression is to be judg$ z false simply2 & ! same reason holds good ( ! o!r phrase3 ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood1 etc4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,^! words are pron\nc$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 ,:o says ( ,himself 7,john #ad3f73 ,i am ! tru?4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re h be5 _m op9ions on ?is po9t4 ,"s h said t 9 ?is expression1 ,?is is ,my body1 ! ^w ?is implies demon/ration z conceiv$1 & n z ex]cis$1 because ! :ole phrase is tak5 mat]ially1 s9ce x is utt]$ by a way ( n>ration3 = ! prie/ relates t ,*ri/ said3 ,?is is ,my body4 ,b su* a view _c hold good1 because !n ^! words w\ld n be appli$ to ! corporeal matt] pres5t1 & consequ5tly ! sacram5t w\ld n be valid3 = ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxx 9 ,joan473 ,! ^w is add$ to ! elem5t1 & ?is becomes a sacram5t4 ,moreov] ?is solution ignores entirely ! difficulty :i* ?is "q pres5ts3 = !re is /ill ! objection 9 reg>d to ! fir/ utt]+ ( ^! words by ,*ri/2 s9ce x is evid5t t !n !y 7 employ$1 n mat]ially1 b significatively4 ,& !re=e x mu/ be said t ev5 :5 spok5 by ! prie/ !y are tak5 significatively1 & n m]ely mat]ially4 ,nor does x matt] t ! prie/ pron\nces !m by way ( recital1 z ?\gh !y 7 spok5 by ,*ri/1 because ow+ to ,*ri/'s inf9ite p[]1 j z ?r\gh contact ) ,8 fle% ! reg5]ative p[] ent]$ n only into ! wat]s :i* came into contact ) ,*ri/1 b into all wat]s ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w & dur+ all future ages1 s likewise f ,*ri/'s utt]+ ^! words !y d]iv$ _! consecrat+ p[]1 by :atev] prie/ !y be utt]$1 z if ,*ri/ pres5t 7 say+ !m4 ,& !re=e o!rs h said t 9 ?is phrase ! ^w ?is appeals1 n to ! s5ses1 b to ! intellect2 s t ! mean+ is1 ,?is is ,my body--i4e4 ,! ?+ signifi$ by '?is' is ,my body4 ,b nei!r c ?is /&1 because1 s9ce 9 ! sacram5ts ! effect is t :i* is signifi$1 f su* a =m x w\ld n result t ,*ri/'s body 0 9 v tru? 9 ?is sacram5t1 b m]ely z 9 a sign1 :i* is h]etical1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #he1 ,a4 #a74 ,consequ5tly1 o!rs h said t ! ^w ?is appeals to ! s5ses2 n at ! precise in/ant ( its be+ utt]$1 b m]ely at ! la/ in/ant !re(2 z :5 a man says1 ,n[ ,i am sil5t1 ?is adv]b n[ po9ts to ! in/ant imm$iately foll[+ ! spee*3 because ! s5se is3 ,directly ^! words are spok5 ,i am sil5t4 ,b nei!r c ?is hold good1 because 9 t case ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce w\ld be3 ,my body is ,my body1 :i* ! above phrase does n effect1 because ?is 0 s ev5 be=e ! utt]ance ( ! words3 h5ce nei!r does ! a=esaid s5t5ce mean ?is4 ,consequ5tly1 !n1 x rema9s to be said1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d71 t ?is s5t5ce possesses ! p[] ( effect+ ! conv]sion ( ! bread into ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,& !re=e x is comp>$ to o!r s5t5ces1 :i* h p[] only ( signify+ & n ( produc+1 z ! concept ( ! practical intellect1 :i* is productive ( ! ?+1 is comp>$ to ! concept ( our speculative intellect :i* is drawn f ?+s1 because words are signs ( concepts1 z ! ,philosoph] says 7,p]i ,h]m4 i74 ,& !re=e z ! concept ( ! practical intellect does n presuppose ! ?+ und]/ood1 b makes x1 s ! tru? ( ?is expression does n presuppose ! ?+ signifi$1 b makes x2 = su* is ! relation ( ,god's ^w to ! ?+s made by ! ,^w4 ,n[ ?is *ange takes place n successively1 b 9 an in/ant1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gg1 ,a4 #g74 ,consequ5tly "o mu/ und]/& ! a=esaid expression ) ref]5ce to ! la/ in/ant ( ! words be+ spok51 yet n s t ! subject may be und]/ood to h /ood = t :i* is ! t]m ( ! conv]sion2 viz4 t ! body ( ,*ri/ is ! body ( ,*ri/2 nor aga9 t ! subject be und]/ood to /& = t :i* x 0 be=e ! conv]sion1 namely1 ! bread1 b = t :i* is commonly relat$ to bo?1 i4e4 t :i* is conta9$ 9 g5]al "u ^? species4 ,= ^! words d n make ! body ( ,*ri/ to be ! body ( ,*ri/1 nor d !y make ! bread to be ! body ( ,*ri/2 b :at 0 conta9$ "u ^? species1 & 0 =m]ly bread1 !y make to be ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,& !re=e expressly our ,"l did n say3 ,?is bread is ,my body1 :i* w\ld be ! mean+ ( ! second op9ion2 nor ,?is ,my body is ,my body1 :i* w\ld be ! mean+ ( ! ?ird op9ion3 b 9 g5]al3 ,?is is ,my body1 assign+ no n\n on ! "p ( ! subject1 b only a pron\n1 :i* signifies sub/ance 9 common1 )\t quality1 t is1 )\t a det]m9ate =m4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! t]m ?is po9ts to a sub/ance1 yet )\t det]m9+ its prop] nature1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! pron\n ?is does n indicate ! accid5ts1 b ! sub/ance und]ly+ ! accid5ts1 :i* at fir/ 0 bread1 & is aft]w>ds ! body ( ,*ri/1 :i* body1 al?\gh n in=m$ by ^? accid5ts1 is yet conta9$ "u !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! mean+ ( ?is expression is1 9 ! ord] ( nature1 und]/ood be=e ! ?+ signifi$1 j z a cause is naturally prior to ! effect2 b n 9 ord] ( "t1 because ?is cause has its effect ) x at ! same "t1 & ?is suffices = ! tru? ( ! expression4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gh1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,=m ( ! ,consecration ( ! ,bread ,accompli%es ,its ,effect ,be=e ! ,=m ( ! ,consecration ( ! ,w9e ,be ,complet$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! =m ( ! consecration ( ! bread does n accompli% its effect until ! =m = ! consecration ( ! w9e be complet$4 ,=1 z ,*ri/'s body beg9s to be 9 ?is sacram5t by ! consecration ( ! bread1 s does ,8 blood come to be !re by ! consecration ( ! w9e4 ,if1 !n1 ! words = consecrat+ ! bread 7 to produce _! effect be=e ! consecration ( ! w9e1 x w\ld foll[ t ,*ri/'s body w\ld be pres5t 9 ?is sacram5t )\t ! blood1 :i* is improp]4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 "o sacram5t has "o completion3 h5ce al?\gh !re be ?ree imm]sions 9 ,baptism1 yet ! fir/ imm]sion does n produce its effect until ! ?ird be complet$4 ,b all ?is sacram5t is "o1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e ! words :]eby ! bread is consecrat$ d n br+ ab\t _! effect )\t ! sacram5tal words :]eby ! w9e is consecrat$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !re are sev]al words 9 ! =m = consecrat+ ! bread1 ! fir/ ( :i* d n secure _! effect until ! la/ be utt]$1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d1 ad #c74 ,!re=e1 = ! same reason1 nei!r d ! words = ! consecration ( ,*ri/'s body produce _! effect1 until ! words = consecrat+ ,*ri/'s blood are spok54 ,on ! contr>y1 ,directly ! words are utt]$ = consecrat+ ! bread1 ! consecrat$ ho/ is %[n to ! p to be ador$1 :i* w\ld n be done if ,*ri/'s body 7 n !re1 = t w\ld be an act ( idolatry4 ,!re=e ! consecrat+ words ( ! bread produce _! effect be=e ! words are spok5 = consecrat+ ! w9e4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s ( ! e>li] doctors said t ^! two =ms1 namely1 = consecrat+ ! bread & ! w9e1 await ea* o!r's action1 s t ! fir/ does n produce its effect until ! second be utt]$4 ,b ?is _c /&1 because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e1 ad #c71 = ! tru? ( ?is phrase1 ,?is is ,my body1 :]e9 ! v]b is 9 ! pres5t t5se1 x is requir$ = ! ?+ signifi$ to be pres5t simultane\sly 9 "t ) ! signification ( ! expression us$2 o!rwise1 if ! ?+ signifi$ _h to be await$ = aft]w>ds1 a v]b ( ! future t5se w\ld be employ$1 & n "o ( ! pres5t t5se1 s t we %\ld n say1 ,?is is ,my body1 b ,?is w be ,my body4 ,b ! signification ( ?is spee* is complete directly ^? words are spok54 ,& !re=e ! ?+ signifi$ mu/ be pres5t in/antane\sly1 & su* is ! effect ( ?is sacram5t2 o!rwise x w\ld n be a true spee*4 ,moreov]1 ?is op9ion is aga9/ ! rite ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* =?) adores ! body ( ,*ri/ aft] ! words are utt]$4 ,h5ce x mu/ be said t ! fir/ =m does n await ! second 9 its action1 b has its effect on ! in/ant4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t !y :o ma9ta9$ ! above op9ion seem to h err$4 ,h5ce x mu/ be und]/ood t directly ! consecration ( ! bread is complete1 ! body ( ,*ri/ is inde$ pres5t by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 & ! blood by real concomitance2 b aft]w>ds by ! consecration ( ! w9e1 conv]sely1 ! blood ( ,*ri/ is !re by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 & ! body by real concomitance1 s t ! entire ,*ri/ is "u ei!r species1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is sacram5t is "o 9 p]fection1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #b71 namely1 inasmu* z x is made up ( two ?+s1 t is1 ( food & dr9k1 ea* ( :i* ( itself has its own p]fection2 b ! ?ree imm]sions ( ,baptism are orda9$ to "o simple effect1 & !re=e !re is no resemblance4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! v>i\s words 9 ! =m = consecrat+ ! bread con/itute ! tru? ( "o spee*1 b ! words ( ! diff]5t =ms d n1 & consequ5tly !re is no p>allel4 ,,"q #gi ,,( ,,! ,,effects ,,( ,,?is ,,sacram5t 7,9 ,eight ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! effects ( ?is sacram5t1 & "u ?is head !re are eight po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ?is sacram5t be/[s grace8 7#b7 ,:e!r ! atta9+ ( glory is an effect ( ?is sacram5t8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! =giv5ess ( mortal s9 is an effect ( ?is sacram5t8 7#d7 ,:e!r v5ial s9 is =giv5 by ?is sacram5t8 7#e7 ,:e!r ! entire puni%m5t due = s9 is =giv5 by ?is sacram5t8 7#f7 ,:e!r ?is sacram5t pres]ves man f future s9s8 7#g7 ,:e!r ?is sacram5t b5efits o!rs besides ! recipi5ts8 7#h7 ,( ! ob/acles to ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gi1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,grace ,is ,be/[$ ,?r\gh ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t grace is n be/[$ ?r\gh ?is sacram5t4 ,= ?is sacram5t is spiritual n\ri%m5t4 ,b n\ri%m5t is only giv5 to ! liv+4 ,!re=e s9ce ! spiritual life is ! effect ( grace1 ?is sacram5t belongs only to "o 9 ! /ate ( grace4 ,!re=e grace is n be/[$ ?r\gh ?is sacram5t = x to be _h 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,9 l mann] nei!r is x giv5 s z grace may be increas$1 because spiritual gr[? belongs to ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gb1 ,a4 #a74 ,consequ5tly1 grace is n be/[$ ?r\gh ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is giv5 z a spiritual refre%m5t4 ,b spiritual refre%m5t seems to belong to ! use ( grace r ?an to its be/[al4 ,!re=e x seems t grace is n giv5 ?r\gh ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a71 ,*ri/'s body is (f]$ up 9 ?is sacram5t = ! salvation ( ! body1 & ,8 blood = t ( ! s\l4 ,n[ x is n ! body :i* is ! subject ( grace1 b ! s\l1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #d74 ,!re=e grace is n be/[$ ?r\gh ?is sacram5t1 at lea/ s f> z ! body is conc]n$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,our ,"l says 7,john #f3eb73 ,! bread :i* ,i w give1 is ,my fle% = ! life ( ! _w4 ,b ! spiritual life is ! effect ( grace4 ,!re=e grace is be/[$ ?r\gh ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,! effect ( ?is sacram5t ought to be consid]$1 fir/ ( all & pr9cipally1 f :at is conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 :i* is ,*ri/2 ,:o1 j z by com+ into ! _w1 ,he visibly be/[$ ! life ( grace ^u ! _w1 accord+ to ,john #a3ag3 ,grace & tru? came by ,jesus ,*ri/1 s also1 by com+ sacram5tally into man causes ! life ( grace1 accord+ to ,john #f3eh3 ,he t eate? ,me1 ! same also %all live by ,me4 ,h5ce ,cyril says on ,luke #bb3ai3 ,god's life-giv+ ,^w by unit+ ,himself ) ,8 own fle%1 made x to be productive ( life4 ,= x 0 becom+ t ,he %\ld be unit$ someh[ ) bodies ?r\gh ,8 sacr$ fle% & preci\s blood1 :i* we receive 9 a life-giv+ bless+ 9 ! bread & w9e4 ,secondly1 x is consid]$ on ! "p ( :at is repres5t$ by ?is sacram5t1 :i* is ,*ri/'s ,passion1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #b1 ad #a74 ,& !re=e ?is sacram5t works 9 man ! effect :i* ,*ri/'s ,passion wr\ght 9 ! _w4 ,h5ce1 ,*ryso/om says on ! words1 ,imm$iately !re came out blood & wat] 7,john #ai3cd73 ,s9ce ! sacr$ my/]ies d]ive _! orig9 f !nce1 :5 y draw nigh to ! awe-inspir+ *alice1 s approa* z if y 7 go+ to dr9k f ,*ri/'s own side4 ,h5ce our ,"l ,himself says 7,matt4 #bf3bh73 ,?is is ,my blood 4 4 4 :i* %all be %$ = _m unto ! remission ( s9s4 ,?irdly1 ! effect ( ?is sacram5t is consid]$ f ! way 9 :i* ?is sacram5t is giv52 = x is giv5 by way ( food & dr9k4 ,& !re=e ?is sacram5t does = ! spiritual life all t mat]ial food does = ! bodily life1 namely1 by su/a9+1 giv+ increase1 re/or+1 & giv+ delight4 ,accord+ly1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 v73 ,?is is ! bread ( ev]la/+ life1 :i* supports ! sub/ance ( our s\l4 ,& ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xlvi 9 ,joan473 ,:5 we desire x1 ,he lets u feel ,him1 & eat ,him1 & embrace ,him4 ,& h5ce our ,"l says 7,john #f3ef73 ,my fle% is meat inde$1 & ,my blood is dr9k inde$4 ,f\r?ly1 ! effect ( ?is sacram5t is consid]$ f ! species "u :i* x is giv54 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan473 ,our ,"l betok5$ ,8 body & blood 9 ?+s :i* out ( _m units are made into "s "o :ole3 = out ( _m gra9s is "o ?+ made1 viz4 bread2 & _m grapes fl[ into "o ?+1 viz4 w9e4 ,& !re=e he obs]ves else:]e 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan473 ,o sacram5t ( piety1 ,o sign ( unity1 ,o bond ( *>ity6 ,& s9ce ,*ri/ & ,8 ,passion are ! cause ( grace1 & s9ce spiritual refre%m5t1 & *>ity _c be )\t grace1 x is cle> f all t has be5 set =? t ?is sacram5t be/[s grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is sacram5t has ( itself ! p[] ( be/[+ grace2 nor does anyone possess grace be=e receiv+ ?is sacram5t except f "s desire !re(2 f 8 own desire1 z 9 ! case ( ! adult1 or f ! ,*ur*'s desire 9 ! case ( *ildr51 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #c74 ,h5ce x is due to ! efficacy ( its p[]1 t ev5 f desire !re( a man procures grace :]eby he is enabl$ to lead ! spiritual life4 ,x rema9s1 !n1 t :5 ! sacram5t itself is really receiv$1 grace is increas$1 & ! spiritual life p]fect$3 yet 9 diff]5t fa%ion f ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation1 9 :i* grace is increas$ & p]fect$ = resi/+ ! outw>d assaults ( ,*ri/'s enemies4 ,b by ?is sacram5t grace receives increase1 & ! spiritual life is p]fect$1 s t man may /& p]fect 9 himself by union ) ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is sacram5t conf]s grace spiritually toge!r ) ! virtue ( *>ity4 ,h5ce ,damasc5e 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv7 comp>es ?is sacram5t to ! burn+ coal :i* ,isaias saw 7,isa4 #f3f73 ,= a live emb] is n simply wood1 b wood unit$ to fire2 s also ! bread ( communion is n simple bread b bread unit$ ) ! ,godhead4 ,b z ,gregory obs]ves 9 a ,homily = ,p5teco/1 ,god's love is nev] idle2 =1 :]ev] x is x does great works4 ,& consequ5tly ?r\gh ?is sacram5t1 z f> z its p[] is conc]n$1 n only is ! habit ( grace & ( virtue be/[$1 b x is fur!rmore ar\s$ to act1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #e3ad3 ,! *>ity ( ,*ri/ presse? u4 ,h5ce x is t ! s\l is spiritually n\ri%$ ?r\gh ! p[] ( ?is sacram5t1 by be+ spiritually gladd5$1 & z x 7 inebriat$ ) ! sweetness ( ! ,div9e goodness1 accord+ to ,cant #e3a3 ,eat1 ,o fri5ds1 & dr9k1 & be inebriat$1 my de>ly belov$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,because ! sacram5ts op]ate accord+ to ! similitude by :i* !y signify1 !re=e by way ( assimilation x is said t 9 ?is sacram5t ! body is (f]$ = ! salvation ( ! body1 & ! blood = ! salvation ( ! s\l1 al?\gh ea* works = ! salvation ( bo?1 s9ce ! entire ,*ri/ is "u ea*1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #b74 ,& al?\gh ! body is n ! imm$iate subject ( grace1 /ill ! effect ( grace fl[s into ! body :ile 9 ! pres5t life we pres5t our ,vulg43 'y\r' memb]s z in/rum5ts ( ju/ice unto ,god 7,rom4 #f3ac71 & 9 ! life to come our body w %>e 9 ! incorruption & ! glory ( ! s\l4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gi1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,atta9+ ( ,glory ,is an ,effect ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! atta9+ ( glory is n an effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,= an effect is proportion$ to its cause4 ,b ?is sacram5t belongs to wayf>]s 7viatoribus71 & h5ce x is t]m$ ,viaticum4 ,s9ce1 !n1 wayf>]s are n yet capable ( glory1 x seems t ?is sacram5t does n cause ! atta9+ ( glory4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 giv5 suffici5t cause1 ! effect foll[s4 ,b _m take ?is sacram5t :o w nev] come to glory1 z ,augu/9e decl>es 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xxi74 ,consequ5tly1 ?is sacram5t is n ! cause ( atta9+ unto glory4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! great] is n br\ght ab\t by ! less]1 = no?+ acts outside its species4 ,b x is ! less] ?+ to receive ,*ri/ "u a /range species1 :i* happ5s 9 ?is sacram5t1 ?an to enjoy ,him 9 ,8 own species1 :i* belongs to glory4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t does n cause ! atta9+ ( glory4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,john #f3eb73 ,if any man eat ( ?is bread1 he %all live = ev]4 ,b et]nal life is ! life ( glory4 ,!re=e ! atta9+ ( glory is an effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ?is sacram5t we may consid] bo? t f :i* x d]ives its effect1 namely1 ,*ri/ conta9$ 9 x1 z also ,8 ,passion repres5t$ by x2 & t ?r\gh :i* x works its effect1 namely1 ! use ( ! sacram5t1 & its species4 ,n[ z to bo? ( ^! x belongs to ?is sacram5t to cause ! atta9+ ( et]nal life4 ,because x 0 by ,8 ,passion t ,*ri/ op5$ to u ! approa* to et]nal life1 accord+ to ,heb4 #i3ae3 ,he is ! ,m$iator ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 t by means ( ,8 dea? 4 4 4 !y t are call$ may receive ! promise ( et]nal inh]itance4 ,accord+ly 9 ! =m ( ?is sacram5t x is said3 ,?is is ! *alice ( ,my blood1 ( ! ,new & ,et]nal ,te/am5t4 ,9 l mann] ! refre%m5t ( spiritual food & ! unity d5ot$ by ! species ( ! bread & w9e are to be _h 9 ! pres5t life1 al?\gh imp]fectly1 b p]fectly 9 ! /ate ( glory4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says on ! words1 ,my fle% is meat inde$ 7,john #f3ef73 ,see+ t 9 meat & dr9k1 m5 aim at ?is1 t !y hung] n nor ?ir/1 ?is v]ily n\ght do? af=d save only ?is meat & dr9k :i* make? !m :o p>take !re( to be immortal & incorruptible1 9 ! fell[%ip ( ! sa9ts1 :]e %all be peace1 & unity1 full & p]fect4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,*ri/'s ,passion1 9 virtue :]e( ?is sacram5t is accompli%$1 is inde$ ! suffici5t cause ( glory1 yet n s t we are !reby =?) admitt$ to glory1 b we mu/ fir/ suff] ) ,him 9 ord] t we may also be glorifi$ aft]w>ds ) ,him 7,rom4 #h3ag71 s ?is sacram5t does n at once admit u to glory1 b be/[s on u ! p[] ( com+ unto glory4 ,& !re=e x is call$ ,viaticum1 a figure :]e( we read 9 #c ,k+s #ai3h3 ,elias ate & drank1 & walk$ 9 ! /r5g? ( t food =ty days & =ty nights unto ! m\nt ( ,god1 ,horeb4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,j z ,*ri/'s ,passion has n its effect 9 !m :o are n dispos$ t[>ds x z !y %\ld be1 s also !y d n come to glory ?r\gh ?is sacram5t :o receive x unwor?ily4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan471 exp\nd+ ! same passage1 obs]ves3 ,! sacram5t is "o ?+1 ! p[] ( ! sacram5t ano!r4 ,_m receive x f ! alt> 4 4 4 & by receiv+ 4 4 4 die 4 4 4 ,eat1 !n1 spiritually ! heav5ly bread1 br+ innoc5ce to ! alt>4 ,x is no wond]1 !n1 if ^? :o d n keep innoc5ce1 d n secure ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,t ,*ri/ is receiv$ "u ano!r species belongs to ! nature ( a sacram5t1 :i* acts in/rum5tally4 ,b !re is no?+ to prev5t an in/rum5tal cause f produc+ a m mighty effect1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #gg1 ,a4 #c1 ad #c74 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gi1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,=giv5ess ( ,mortal ,s9 ,is an ,effect ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! =giv5ess ( mortal s9 is an effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,= x is said 9 "o ( ! ,collects 7,po/communion1 ,pro vivis et defunctis73 ,may ?is sacram5t be a cleans+ f crimes4 ,b mortal s9s are call$ crimes4 ,!re=e mortal s9s are blott$ out by ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t1 l ,baptism1 works by ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,b mortal s9s are =giv5 by ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fi1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e !y are =giv5 likewise by ?is sacram5t1 especially s9ce 9 ! =m ( ?is sacram5t x is said3 ,:i* %all be %$ = _m unto ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 grace is be/[$ ?r\gh ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,b by grace a man is ju/ifi$ f mortal s9s1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3bd3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ freely by ,8 grace4 ,!re=e mortal s9s are =giv5 by ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #aa3bi73 ,he t eate? & dr9ke? unwor?ily1 eate? & dr9ke? judgm5t to himself3 & a gloss ( ! same passage makes ! foll[+ comm5t>y3 ,he eats & dr9ks unwor?ily :o is 9 ! /ate ( s91 or :o h&les 7! sacram5t7 irrev]5tly2 & su* a "o eats & dr9ks judgm5t1 i4e4 damnation1 unto himself4 ,!re=e1 he t is 9 mortal s91 by tak+ ! sacram5t heaps s9 ^u s91 r ?an obta9s =giv5ess ( 8 s94 ,i answ] t1 ,! p[] ( ?is sacram5t c be consid]$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 9 itself3 & ?us ?is sacram5t has f ,*ri/'s ,passion ! p[] ( =giv+ all s9s1 s9ce ! ,passion is ! f\nt & cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,secondly1 x c be consid]$ 9 comp>ison ) ! recipi5t ( ! sacram5t1 9 s f> z !re is1 or is n1 f\nd 9 him an ob/acle to receiv+ ! fruit ( ?is sacram5t4 ,n[ :oev] is consci\s ( mortal s91 has )9 him an ob/acle to receiv+ ! effect ( ?is sacram5t2 s9ce he is n a prop] recipi5t ( ?is sacram5t1 bo? because he is n alive spiritually1 & s he ought n to eat ! spiritual n\ri%m5t1 s9ce n\ri%m5t is conf9$ to ! liv+2 & because he _c be unit$ ) ,*ri/1 :i* is ! effect ( ?is sacram5t1 z long z he reta9s an atta*m5t t[>ds mortal s94 ,consequ5tly1 z is said 9 ! book ,de ,eccles4 ,dogm43 ,if ! s\l leans t[>ds s91 x is burd5$ r ?an purifi$ f p>tak+ ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,h5ce1 9 him :o is consci\s ( mortal s91 ?is sacram5t does n cause ! =giv5ess ( s94 ,nev]!less ?is sacram5t c effect ! =giv5ess ( s9 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 by be+ receiv$1 n actually1 b 9 desire2 z :5 a man is fir/ ju/ifi$ f s94 ,secondly1 :5 receiv$ by "o 9 mortal s9 ( :i* he is n consci\s1 & = :i* he has no atta*m5t2 s9ce possibly he 0 n suffici5tly contrite at fir/1 b by approa*+ ?is sacram5t dev\tly & rev]5tly he obta9s ! grace ( *>ity1 :i* w p]fect 8 contrition & br+ =giv5ess ( s94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,we ask t ?is sacram5t may be ! cleans+ ( crimes1 or ( ^? s9s ( :i* we are unconsci\s1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ah3ac3 ,"l1 cleanse me f my hidd5 s9s2 or t our contrition may be p]fect$ = ! =giv5ess ( our s9s2 or t /r5g? be be/[$ on u to avoid s94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,baptism is spiritual g5]ation1 :i* is a transition f spiritual non-be+ into spiritual be+1 & is giv5 by way ( ablution4 ,consequ5tly1 9 bo? respects he :o is consci\s ( mortal s9 does n improp]ly approa* ,baptism4 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t man receives ,*ri/ )9 himself by way ( spiritual n\ri%m5t1 :i* is unbecom+ to "o t lies dead 9 8 s9s4 ,!re=e ! comp>ison does n hold good4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,grace is ! suffici5t cause ( ! =giv5ess ( mortal s92 yet x does n =give s9 except :5 x is fir/ be/[$ on ! s9n]4 ,b x is n giv5 s 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,h5ce ! argum5t does n prove4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gi1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,v5ial ,s9s ,are ,=giv5 ,?r\gh ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t v5ial s9s are n =giv5 by ?is sacram5t1 because ?is is ! sacram5t ( *>ity1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan474 ,b v5ial s9s are n contr>y to *>ity1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #hh1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b2 ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #aj74 ,!re=e1 s9ce contr>y is tak5 away by its contr>y1 x seems t v5ial s9s are n =giv5 by ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 if v5ial s9s be =giv5 by ?is sacram5t1 !n all ( !m are =giv5 = ! same reason z "o is4 ,b x does n appe> t all are =giv51 because ?us "o might frequ5tly be )\t any v5ial s91 aga9/ :at is said 9 #a ,john #a3h3 ,if we say t we h no s91 we deceive ourselves4 ,!re=e no v5ial s9 is =giv5 by ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 contr>ies mutually exclude ea* o!r4 ,b v5ial s9s d n =bid ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t3 because ,augu/9e says on ! words1 ,if any man eat ( x he %all ,vulg43 'may' n die = ev] 7,john #f3ej73 ,br+ innoc5ce to ! alt>3 y\r s9s1 ?\gh !y be daily 4 4 4 let !m n be deadly4 ,!re=e nei!r are v5ial s9s tak5 away by ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,innoc5t ,,iii says 7,de ,s4 ,alt4 ,my/4 iv7 t ?is sacram5t blots out v5ial s9s1 & w>ds (f mortal s9s4 ,i answ] t1 ,two ?+s may be consid]$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 to wit1 ! sacram5t itself1 & ! reality ( ! sacram5t3 & x appe>s f bo? t ?is sacram5t has ! p[] ( =giv+ v5ial s9s4 ,= ?is sacram5t is receiv$ "u ! =m ( n\ri%+ food4 ,n[ n\ri%m5t f food is requisite = ! body to make good ! daily wa/e caus$ by ! action ( natural heat4 ,b some?+ is also lo/ daily ( our spirituality f ! heat ( concupisc5ce ?r\gh v5ial s9s1 :i* less5 ! f]vor ( *>ity1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #aj74 ,& !re=e x belongs to ?is sacram5t to =give v5ial s9s4 ,h5ce ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 v7 t ?is daily bread is tak5 z a rem$y aga9/ daily infirmity4 ,! reality ( ?is sacram5t is *>ity1 n only z to its habit1 b also z to its act1 :i* is k9dl$ 9 ?is sacram5t2 & by ?is means v5ial s9s are =giv54 ,consequ5tly1 x is manife/ t v5ial s9s are =giv5 by ! p[] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,v5ial s9s1 al?\gh n oppos$ to ! habit ( *>ity1 are nev]!less oppos$ to ! f]vor ( its act1 :i* act is k9dl$ by ?is sacram5t2 by reason ( :i* act v5ial s9s are blott$ out4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! passage quot$ is n to be und]/ood z if a man c\ld n at "s "t be )\t all guilt ( v5ial s93 b t ! j d n pass ?r\gh ?is life )\t committ+ v5ial s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! p[] ( *>ity1 to :i* ?is sacram5t belongs1 is great] ?an t ( v5ial s9s3 because *>ity by its act takes away v5ial s9s1 :i* nev]!less _c entirely h9d] ! act ( *>ity4 ,& ! same holds good ( ?is sacram5t4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gi1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,entire ,puni%m5t ,due to ,s9 ,is ,=giv5 ,?r\gh ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! entire puni%m5t due to s9 is =giv5 ?r\gh ?is sacram5t4 ,= ?r\gh ?is sacram5t man receives ! effect ( ,*ri/'s ,passion )9 himself z /at$ above 7,,aa4 #a1 #b71 j z he does ?r\gh ,baptism4 ,b ?r\gh ,baptism man receives =giv5ess ( all puni%m5t1 ?r\gh ! virtue ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* satisfi$ suffici5tly = all s9s1 z 0 expla9$ above 7,q4 #fi1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e x seems ! :ole debt ( puni%m5t is =giv5 ?r\gh ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,pope ,alex&] ,i says 7,ep4 ad omnes or?473 ,no sacrifice c be great] ?an ! body & ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,b man satisfi$ = 8 s9s by ! sacrifices ( ! old ,law3 = x is writt5 7,lev4 #d1 #e73 ,if a man %all s91 let him (f] 7s & s7 = 8 s91 & x %all be =giv5 him4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t avails mu* m = ! =giv5ess ( all puni%m5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is c]ta9 t "s "p ( ! debt ( puni%m5t is =giv5 by ?is sacram5t2 = :i* reason x is sometimes enjo9$ ^u a man1 by way ( satisfaction1 to h masses said = himself4 ,b if "o "p ( ! puni%m5t is =giv51 = ! same reason is ! o!r =giv53 ow+ to ,*ri/'s inf9ite p[] conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ! :ole puni%m5t c be tak5 away by ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,9 t case no o!r puni%m5t w\ld h to be enjo9$2 j z none is impos$ ^u ! newly baptiz$4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is sacram5t is bo? a sacrifice & a sacram5t4 x has ! nature ( a sacrifice inasmu* z x is (f]$ up2 & x has ! nature ( a sacram5t inasmu* z x is receiv$4 ,& !re=e x has ! effect ( a sacram5t 9 ! recipi5t1 & ! effect ( a sacrifice 9 ! (f]]1 or 9 !m = :om x is (f]$4 ,if1 !n1 x be consid]$ z a sacram5t1 x produces its effect 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all directly ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! sacram5t2 secondly z by a k9d ( concomitance1 z 0 said above reg>d+ :at is conta9$ 9 ! sacram5t 7,q4 #gf1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,?r\gh ! p[] ( ! sacram5t x produces directly t effect = :i* x 0 in/itut$4 ,n[ x 0 in/itut$ n = satisfaction1 b = n\ri%+ spiritually ?r\gh union betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,8 memb]s1 z n\ri%m5t is unit$ ) ! p]son n\ri%$4 ,b because ?is union is ! effect ( *>ity1 f ! f]vor ( :i* man obta9s =giv5ess1 n only ( guilt b also ( puni%m5t1 h5ce x is t z a consequ5ce1 & by concomitance ) ! *ief effect1 man obta9s =giv5ess ( ! puni%m5t1 n inde$ ( ! entire puni%m5t1 b accord+ to ! measure ( 8 devotion & f]vor4 ,b 9 s f> z x is a sacrifice1 x has a satisfactory p[]4 ,yet 9 satisfaction1 ! affection ( ! (f]] is weigh$ r ?an ! quantity ( ! (f]+4 ,h5ce our ,"l says 7,mk4 #ab3dc3 cf4 ,luke #ba3d7 ( ! wid[ :o (f]$ two mites t %e ca/ 9 m ?an all4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh ?is (f]+ suffices ( its own quantity to satisfy = all puni%m5t1 yet x becomes satisfactory = !m = :om x is (f]$1 or ev5 = ! (f]]s1 accord+ to ! measure ( _! devotion1 & n = ! :ole puni%m5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! sacram5t ( ,baptism is directly orda9$ = ! remission ( puni%m5t & guilt3 n s ! ,eu*>i/1 because ,baptism is giv5 to man z dy+ ) ,*ri/1 :]eas ! ,eu*>i/ is giv5 z by way ( n\ri%+ & p]fect+ him ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly !re is no p>allel4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,^? o!r sacrifices & oblations did n effect ! =giv5ess ( ! :ole puni%m5t1 nei!r z to ! quantity ( ! ?+ (f]$1 z ?is sacram5t does1 nor z to p]sonal devotion2 f :i* x comes to pass t ev5 "h ! :ole puni%m5t is n tak5 away4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if "p ( ! puni%m5t & n ! :ole be tak5 away by ?is sacram5t1 x is due to a defect n on ! "p ( ,*ri/'s p[]1 b on ! "p ( man's devotion4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gi1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,man ,is ,pres]v$ by ,?is ,sacram5t f ,future ,s9s8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t man is n pres]v$ by ?is sacram5t f future s9s4 ,= !re are _m t receive ?is sacram5t wor?ily1 :o aft]w>ds fall into s94 ,n[ ?is w\ld n happ5 if ?is sacram5t 7 to pres]ve !m f future s9s4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n an effect ( ?is sacram5t to pres]ve f future s9s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! ,eu*>i/ is ! sacram5t ( *>ity1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d74 ,b *>ity does n seem to pres]ve f future s9s1 because x c be lo/ ?r\gh s9 aft] "o has possess$ x1 z 0 /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #aa74 ,!re=e x seems t ?is sacram5t does n pres]ve man f s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! orig9 ( s9 )9 u is ! law ( s91 :i* is 9 our memb]s1 z decl>$ by ! ,apo/le 7,rom4 #g3bc74 ,b ! less5+ ( ! fomes1 :i* is ! law ( s91 is set d[n z an effect n ( ?is sacram5t1 b r ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e pres]vation f s9 is n an effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,john #f3ej73 ,?is is ! bread :i* come? d[n f heav52 t if any man eat ( x1 he may n die3 :i* manife/ly is n to be und]/ood ( ! dea? ( ! body4 ,!re=e x is to be und]/ood t ?is sacram5t pres]ves f spiritual dea?1 :i* is ?r\gh s94 ,i answ] t1 ,s9 is ! spiritual dea? ( ! s\l4 ,h5ce man is pres]v$ f future s9 9 ! same way z ! body is pres]v$ f future dea? ( ! body3 & ?is happ5s 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 9 s f> z man's nature is /r5g!n$ inw>dly aga9/ inn] decay1 & s by means ( food & m$ic9e he is pres]v$ f dea?4 ,secondly1 by be+ gu>d$ aga9/ outw>d assaults2 & ?us he is protect$ by means ( arms by :i* he def5ds 8 body4 ,n[ ?is sacram5t pres]ves man f s9 9 bo? ( ^! ways4 ,=1 fir/ ( all1 by unit+ man ) ,*ri/ ?r\gh grace1 x /r5g!ns 8 spiritual life1 z spiritual food & spiritual m$ic9e1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ajc3e3 7,t7 bread /r5g!ns ,vulg43 'may /r5g!n' man's he>t4 ,augu/9e likewise says 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan473 ,approa* )\t fe>2 x is bread1 n poison4 ,secondly1 inasmu* z x is a sign ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :]eby ! devils are conqu]$1 x repels all ! assaults ( demons4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 xlvi 9 ,joan473 ,l lions brea?+ =? fire1 ?us d we dep>t f t table1 be+ made t]rible to ! devil4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! effect ( ?is sacram5t is receiv$ accord+ to man's condition3 su* is ! case ) e active cause 9 t its effect is receiv$ 9 matt] accord+ to ! condition ( ! matt]4 ,b su* is ! condition ( man on e>? t 8 free-w c be b5t to good or evil4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh ?is sacram5t ( itself has ! p[] ( pres]v+ f s91 yet x does n take away f man ! possibility ( s9n+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ev5 *>ity ( itself keeps man f s91 accord+ to ,rom4 #ac3aj3 ,! love ( our neighbor worke? no evil3 b x is due to ! mutability ( free-w t a man s9s aft] possess+ *>ity1 j z aft] receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh ?is sacram5t is n orda9$ directly to less5 ! fomes1 yet x does less5 x z a consequ5ce1 inasmu* z x increases *>ity1 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,q4 #hc71 ! increase ( *>ity is ! less5+ ( concupisc5ce4 ,b x directly /r5g!ns man's he>t 9 good2 :]eby he is also pres]v$ f s94 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gi1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,?is ,sacram5t ,b5efit ,o!rs ,besides ! ,recipi5ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is sacram5t b5efits only ! recipi5ts4 ,= ?is sacram5t is ( ! same g5us z ! o!r sacram5ts1 be+ "o ( ^? into :i* t g5us is divid$4 ,b ! o!r sacram5ts only b5efit ! recipi5ts2 ?us ! baptiz$ p]son alone receives effect ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e1 nei!r does ?is sacram5t b5efit o!rs ?an ! recipi5ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! effects ( ?is sacram5t are ! atta9m5t ( grace & glory1 & ! =giv5ess ( s91 at lea/ ( v5ial s94 ,if !re=e ?is sacram5t 7 to produce its effects 9 o!rs besides ! recipi5ts1 a man might happ5 to acquire grace & glory & =giv5ess ( s9 )\t do+ or receiv+ any?+ himself1 ?r\gh ano!r receiv+ or (f]+ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :5 ! cause is multipli$1 ! effect is likewise multipli$4 ,if !re=e ?is sacram5t b5efit o!rs besides ! recipi5ts1 x w\ld foll[ t x b5efits a man m if he receive ?is sacram5t ?r\gh _m ho/s be+ consecrat$ 9 "o mass1 :]eas ?is is n ! ,*ur*'s cu/om3 = in/ance1 t _m receive communion = ! salvation ( "o individual4 ,consequ5tly1 x does n seem t ?is sacram5t b5efits anyone b ! recipi5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pray] is made = _m o!rs dur+ ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t2 :i* w\ld s]ve no purpose 7 ! sacram5t n b5eficial to o!rs4 ,!re=e1 ?is sacram5t is b5eficial n m]ely to !m :o receive x4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #c71 ?is sacram5t is n only a sacram5t1 b also a sacrifice4 ,=1 x has ! nature ( a sacrifice inasmu* z 9 ?is sacram5t ,*ri/'s ,passion is repres5t$1 :]eby ,*ri/ (f]$ ,himself a ,victim to ,god 7,eph4 #e3b71 & x has ! nature ( a sacram5t inasmu* z invisible grace is be/[$ 9 ?is sacram5t "u a visible species4 ,s1 !n1 ?is sacram5t b5efits recipi5ts by way bo? ( sacram5t & ( sacrifice1 because x is (f]$ = all :o p>take ( x4 ,= x is said 9 ! ,canon ( ! ,mass3 ,may z _m ( u z1 by p>ticipation at ?is ,alt>1 %all receive ! mo/ sacr$ body & blood ( ,?y ,son1 be fill$ ) all heav5ly b5$iction & grace4 ,b to o!rs :o d n receive x1 x is b5eficial by way ( sacrifice1 inasmu* z x is (f]$ = _! salvation4 ,h5ce x is said 9 ! ,canon ( ! ,mass3 ,be m9dful1 ,o ,"l1 ( ,?y s]vants1 m5 & wom5 4 4 4 = :om we (f]1 or :o (f] up to ,!e1 ?is sacrifice ( praise = !mselves & = all _! own1 = ! r$emption ( _! s\ls1 = ! hope ( _! safety & salvation4 ,& our ,"l express$ bo? ways1 say+ 7,matt4 #bf3bh1 ) ,luke #bb3bj73 ,:i* = y1 i4e4 :o receive x1 & = _m1 i4e4 o!rs1 %all be %$ unto remission ( s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is sacram5t has ?is 9 addition to ! o!rs1 t x is a sacrifice3 & !re=e ! comp>ison fails4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ,*ri/'s ,passion b5efits all1 = ! =giv5ess ( s9 & ! atta9+ ( grace & glory1 :]eas x produces no effect except 9 ^? :o are unit$ ) ,*ri/'s ,passion ?r\gh fai? & *>ity1 s likewise ?is sacrifice1 :i* is ! memorial ( our ,"l's ,passion1 has no effect except 9 ^? :o are unit$ ) ?is sacram5t ?r\gh fai? & *>ity4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says to ,r5atus 7,de ,anima et ejus orig9e i73 ,:o may (f] ,*ri/'s body except = !m :o are ,*ri/'s memb]s8 ,h5ce 9 ! ,canon ( ! ,mass no pray] is made = !m :o are outside ! pale ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b x b5efits !m :o are memb]s1 m or less1 accord+ to ! measure ( _! devotion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,receiv+ is ( ! v nature ( ! sacram5t1 b (f]+ belongs to ! nature ( sacrifice3 consequ5tly1 :5 "o or ev5 sev]al receive ! body ( ,*ri/1 no help accrues to o!rs4 ,9 l fa%ion ev5 :5 ! prie/ consecrates sev]al ho/s 9 "o mass1 ! effect ( ?is sacram5t is n increas$1 s9ce !re is only "o sacrifice2 because !re is no m p[] 9 sev]al ho/s ?an 9 "o1 s9ce !re is only "o ,*ri/ pres5t "u all ! ho/s & "u "o4 ,h5ce1 nei!r w any "o receive great] effect f ! sacram5t by tak+ _m consecrat$ ho/s 9 "o mass4 ,b ! oblation ( ! sacrifice is multipli$ 9 sev]al masses1 & !re=e ! effect ( ! sacrifice & ( ! sacram5t is multipli$4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #gi1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ! ,effect ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,is ,h9d]$ by ,v5ial ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! effect ( ?is sacram5t is n h9d]$ by v5ial s94 ,= ,augu/9e 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan471 comm5t+ on ,john #f3eb1 ,if any man eat ( ?is bread1 etc41 says3 ,eat ! heav5ly bread spiritually2 br+ innoc5ce to ! alt>2 y\r s9s1 ?\gh !y be daily1 let !m n be deadly4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t v5ial s9s1 :i* are call$ daily s9s1 d n prev5t spiritual eat+4 ,b !y :o eat spiritually1 receive ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e1 v5ial s9s d n h9d] ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is n less p[]ful ?an ,baptism4 ,b1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fi1 ,,aa4 #i1 #aj71 only pret5se *ecks ! effect ( ,baptism1 & v5ial s9s d n belong to pret5se2 because accord+ to ,wis4 #a3e3 ! ,holy ,_s ( discipl9e w flee f ! deceitful1 yet ,he is n put to flight by v5ial s9s4 ,!re=e nei!r d v5ial s9s h9d] ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no?+ :i* is remov$ by ! action ( any cause1 c h9d] ! effect ( su* cause4 ,b v5ial s9s are tak5 away by ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e1 !y d n h9d] its effect4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv73 ,! fire ( t desire :i* is )9 u1 be+ k9dl$ by ! burn+ coal1 i4e4 ?is sacram5t1 w consume our s9s1 & enlight5 our he>ts1 s t we %all be inflam$ & made godlike4 ,b ! fire ( our desire or love is h9d]$ by v5ial s9s1 :i* h9d] ! f]vor ( *>ity1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,a4 #d2 ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #aj74 ,!re=e v5ial s9s h9d] ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,v5ial s9s c be tak5 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all z pa/1 secondly z 9 ! act ( be+ committ$4 ,v5ial s9s tak5 9 ! fir/ way d n 9 any way h9d] ! effect ( ?is sacram5t4 ,= x c come to pass t aft] _m v5ial s9s a man may approa* dev\tly to ?is sacram5t & fully secure its effect4 ,consid]$ 9 ! second way v5ial s9s d n utt]ly h9d] ! effect ( ?is sacram5t1 b m]ely 9 "p4 ,=1 x has be5 /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 t ! effect ( ?is sacram5t is n only ! obta9+ ( habitual grace or *>ity1 b also a c]ta9 actual refre%m5t ( spiritual sweetness3 :i* is inde$ h9d]$ if anyone approa* to ?is sacram5t ) m9d di/ract$ ?r\gh v5ial s9s2 b ! increase ( habitual grace or ( *>ity is n tak5 away4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,he t approa*es ?is sacram5t ) actual v5ial s91 eats spiritually inde$1 9 habit b n 9 act3 & !re=e he %>es 9 ! habitual effect ( ! sacram5t1 b n 9 its actual effect4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,baptism is n orda9$1 z ?is sacram5t is1 = ! f]vor ( *>ity z its actual effect4 ,because ,baptism is spiritual reg5]ation1 ?r\gh :i* ! fir/ p]fection is acquir$1 :i* is a habit or =m2 b ?is sacram5t is spiritual eat+1 :i* has actual delight4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is argum5t deals ) pa/ v5ial s9s1 :i* are tak5 away by ?is sacram5t4 ,,"q #hj ,,( ,,! ,,use ,,or ,,receiv+ ,,( ,,?is ,,sacram5t ,,9 ,,g5]al 7,9 ,twelve ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! use or receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t1 fir/ ( all 9 g5]al2 secondly1 h[ ,*ri/ us$ ?is sacram5t4 ,"u ! fir/ head+ !re are twelve po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r !re are two ways ( eat+ ?is sacram5t1 namely1 sacram5tally & spiritually8 7#b7 ,:e!r x belongs to man alone to eat ?is sacram5t spiritually8 7#c7 ,:e!r x belongs to ! j man only to eat x sacram5tally8 7#d7 ,:e!r ! s9n] s9s 9 eat+ x sacram5tally8 7#e7 ,( ! degree ( ?is s92 7#f7 ,:e!r ?is sacram5t %\ld be refus$ to ! s9n] t approa*es x8 7#g7 ,:e!r nocturnal pollution prev5ts man f receiv+ ?is sacram5t8 7#h7 ,:e!r x is to be receiv$ only :5 "o is fa/+8 7#i7 ,:e!r x is to be giv5 to !m :o lack ! use ( reason8 7#aj7 ,:e!r x is to be receiv$ daily8 7#aa7 ,:e!r x is lawful to refra9 f x altoge!r8 7#ab7 ,:e!r x is lawful to receive ! body )\t ! blood8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,!re ,are ,two ,ways to ,be ,di/+ui%$ ( ,eat+ ,*ri/'s ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t two ways ought n to be di/+ui%$ ( eat+ ,*ri/'s body1 namely1 sacram5tally & spiritually4 ,=1 z ,baptism is spiritual reg5]ation1 accord+ to ,john #c3e3 ,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/1 etc41 s also ?is sacram5t is spiritual food3 h5ce our ,"l1 speak+ ( ?is sacram5t1 says 7,john #f3fd73 ,! words t ,i h spok5 to y are _s & life4 ,b !re are no two di/9ct ways ( receiv+ ,baptism1 namely1 sacram5tally & spiritually4 ,!re=e nei!r ought ?is di/9ction to be made reg>d+ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :5 two ?+s are s relat$ t "o is on acc\nt ( ! o!r1 !y %\ld n be put 9 contradi/9ction to "o ano!r1 because ! "o d]ives its species f ! o!r4 ,b sacram5tal eat+ is orda9$ = spiritual eat+ z its end4 ,!re=e sacram5tal eat+ ought n to be divid$ 9 contra/ ) spiritual eat+4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?+s :i* _c exi/ )\t "o ano!r ought n to be divid$ 9 contra/ ) ea* o!r4 ,b x seems t no "o c eat spiritually )\t eat+ sacram5tally2 o!rwise ! fa!rs ( old w\ld h eat5 ?is sacram5t spiritually4 ,moreov]1 sacram5tal eat+ w\ld be to no purpose1 if ! spiritual eat+ c\ld be _h )\t x4 ,!re=e x is n "r to di/+ui% a tw(old eat+1 namely1 sacram5tal & spiritual4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! gloss says on #a ,cor4 #aa3bi3 ,he t eate? & dr9ke? unwor?ily1 etc43 ,we hold t !re are two ways ( eat+1 ! "o sacram5tal1 & ! o!r spiritual4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re are two ?+s to be consid]$ 9 ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t1 namely1 ! sacram5t itself1 & its fruits1 & we h already spok5 ( bo? 7,,qq4 #gc1 #gi74 ,! p]fect way1 !n1 ( receiv+ ?is sacram5t is :5 "o takes x s z to p>take ( its effect4 ,n[1 z 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #gi1 ,,aa4 #c1 #h71 x sometimes happ5s t a man is h9d]$ f receiv+ ! effect ( ?is sacram5t2 & su* receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t is an imp]fect "o4 ,!re=e1 z ! p]fect is divid$ aga9/ ! imp]fect1 s sacram5tal eat+1 :]eby ! sacram5t only is receiv$ )\t its effect1 is divid$ aga9/ spiritual eat+1 by :i* "o receives ! effect ( ?is sacram5t1 :]eby a man is spiritually unit$ ) ,*ri/ ?r\gh fai? & *>ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! same di/9ction is made reg>d+ ,baptism & ! o!r sacram5ts3 =1 "s receive ! sacram5t only1 :ile o!rs receive ! sacram5t & ! reality ( ! sacram5t4 ,h[ev]1 !re is a diff]5ce1 because1 s9ce ! o!r sacram5ts are accompli%$ 9 ! use ( ! matt]1 ! receiv+ ( ! sacram5t is ! actual p]fection ( ! sacram5t2 :]eas ?is sacram5t is accompli%$ 9 ! consecration ( ! matt]3 & consequ5tly bo? uses foll[ ! sacram5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ,baptism & 9 ! o!r sacram5ts t impr9t a "*1 !y :o receive ! sacram5t receive "s spiritual effect1 t is1 ! "*4 :i* is n ! case 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,& !re=e1 9 ?is sacram5t1 r ?an 9 ,baptism1 ! sacram5tal use is di/+ui%$ f ! spiritual use4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,t sacram5tal eat+ :i* is also a spiritual eat+ is n divid$ 9 contra/ ) spiritual eat+1 b is includ$ "u x2 b t sacram5tal eat+ :i* does n secure ! effect1 is divid$ 9 contra/ ) spiritual eat+2 j z ! imp]fect1 :i* does n atta9 ! p]fection ( its species1 is divid$ 9 contra/ ) ! p]fect4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #c71 ! effect ( ! sacram5t c be secur$ by e man if he receive x 9 desire1 ?\gh n 9 reality4 ,consequ5tly1 j z "s are baptiz$ ) ! ,baptism ( desire1 ?r\gh _! desire ( baptism1 be=e be+ baptiz$ 9 ! ,baptism ( wat]2 s likewise "s eat ?is sacram5t spiritually ere !y receive x sacram5tally4 ,n[ ?is happ5s 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all1 f desire ( receiv+ ! sacram5t itself1 & ?us are said to be baptiz$1 & to eat spiritually1 & n sacram5tally1 !y :o desire to receive ^! sacram5ts s9ce !y h be5 in/itut$4 ,secondly1 by a figure3 ?us ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aj3b71 t ! fa!rs ( old 7 baptiz$ 9 ! cl\d & 9 ! sea1 & t !y did eat 4 4 4 spiritual food1 & 4 4 4 drank 4 4 4 spiritual dr9k4 ,nev]!less sacram5tal eat+ is n )\t avail1 because ! actual receiv+ ( ! sacram5t produces m fully ! effect ( ! sacram5t ?an does ! desire !re(1 z /at$ above ( ,baptism 7,q4 #fi1 ,a4 #d1 ad #b74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,x ,belongs to ,man ,alone to ,eat ,?is ,sacram5t ,spiritually8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t x does n belong to man alone to eat ?is sacram5t spiritually1 b likewise to angels4 ,because on ,ps4 #gg3be3 ,man ate ! bread ( angels1 ! gloss says3 t is1 ! body ( ,*ri/1 ,:o is truly ! food ( angels4 ,b x w\ld n be s unless ! angels 7 to eat ,*ri/ spiritually4 ,!re=e ! angels eat ,*ri/ spiritually4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan47 says3 ,by ?is meat & dr9k1 ,he w\ld h u to und]/& ! fell[%ip ( ,8 body & memb]s1 :i* is ! ,*ur* 9 ,8 pr$e/9at$ ones4 ,b n only m51 b also ! holy angels belong to t fell[%ip4 ,!re=e ! holy angels eat ( x spiritually4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e 9 8 book ,de ,v]bis ,dom9i 7,s]m4 cxlii7 says3 ,*ri/ is to be eat5 spiritually1 z ,he ,himself decl>es3 ',he t eate? ,my fle% & dr9ke? ,my blood1 abide? 9 ,me1 & ,i 9 him4' ,b ?is belongs n only to m51 b also to ! holy angels1 9 :om ,*ri/ dwells by *>ity1 & !y 9 ,him4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t to eat ,*ri/ spiritually is n = m5 only1 b also = ! angels4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan47 says3 ,eat ! bread ( ! alt> spiritually2 take innoc5ce to ! alt>4 ,b angels d n approa* ! alt> z = ! purpose ( tak+ some?+ !refrom4 ,!re=e ! angels d n eat spiritually4 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/ ,himself is conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 n "u ,8 prop] species1 b "u ! sacram5tal species4 ,consequ5tly !re are two ways ( eat+ spiritually4 ,fir/1 z ,*ri/ ,himself exi/s "u ,8 prop] species1 & 9 ?is way ! angels eat ,*ri/ spiritually inasmu* z !y are unit$ ) ,him 9 ! enjoym5t ( p]fect *>ity1 & 9 cle> vision 7& ?is is ! bread we hope = 9 heav571 & n by fai?1 z we are unit$ ) ,him "h4 ,9 ano!r way "o may eat ,*ri/ spiritually1 z ,he is "u ! sacram5tal species1 inasmu* z a man believes 9 ,*ri/1 :ile desir+ to receive ?is sacram5t2 & ?is is n m]ely to eat ,*ri/ spiritually1 b likewise to eat ?is sacram5t2 :i* does n fall to ! lot ( ! angels4 ,& !re=e al?\gh ! angels fe$ on ,*ri/ spiritually1 yet x does n belong to !m to eat ?is sacram5t spiritually4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! receiv+ ( ,*ri/ "u ?is sacram5t is orda9$ to ! enjoym5t ( heav51 z to its end1 9 ! same way z ! angels enjoy x2 & s9ce ! means are gaug$ by ! end1 h5ce x is t su* eat+ ( ,*ri/ :]eby we receive ,him "u ?is sacram5t1 is1 z x 71 d]iv$ f t eat+ :]eby ! angels enjoy ,*ri/ 9 heav54 ,consequ5tly1 man is said to eat ! bread ( angels1 because x belongs to ! angels to d s fir/ly & pr9cipally1 s9ce !y enjoy ,him 9 8 prop] species2 & secondly x belongs to m51 :o receive ,*ri/ "u ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,bo? m5 & angels belong to ! fell[%ip ( ,8 my/ical body2 m5 by fai?1 & angels by manife/ vision4 ,b ! sacram5ts are proportion$ to fai?1 ?r\gh :i* ! tru? is se5 ?r\gh a glass & 9 a d>k mann]4 ,& !re=e1 prop]ly speak+1 x does n belong to angels1 b to m51 to eat ?is sacram5t spiritually4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/ dwells 9 m5 ?r\gh fai?1 accord+ to _! pres5t /ate1 b ,he is 9 ! bless$ angels by manife/ vision4 ,consequ5tly ! comp>ison does n hold1 z /at$ above 7ad #b74 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,j ,man ,alone ,may ,eat ,*ri/ ,sacram5tally8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t none b ! j man may eat ,*ri/ sacram5tally4 ,= ,augu/9e says 9 8 book ,de ,rem$io ,p5it5tiae 7cf4 ,tract4 9 ,joan4 xxv1 n4 #ab2 xxvi1 n4 #a73 ,:y make ready too? & belly8 ,believe1 & ?\ ha/ eat5 4 4 4 ,= to believe 9 ,him1 ?is x is1 to eat ! liv+ bread4 ,b ! s9n] does n believe 9 ,him2 because he has n liv+ fai?1 to :i* x belongs to believe 9 ,god1 z /at$ above 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #b1 ,a4 #b2 ,q4 #d1 ,a4 #e74 ,!re=e ! s9n] _c eat ?is sacram5t1 :i* is ! liv+ bread4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is specially call$ ! sacram5t ( *>ity1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gh1 ,a4 #c1 ad #f74 ,b z unbeliev]s lack fai?1 s all s9n]s lack *>ity4 ,n[ unbeliev]s d n seem to be capable ( eat+ ?is sacram5t1 s9ce 9 ! sacram5tal =m x is call$ ! ,my/]y ( ,fai?4 ,!re=e1 = l reason1 ! s9n] _c eat ,*ri/'s body sacram5tally4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! s9n] is m abom9able be=e ,god ?an ! irrational creature3 = x is said ( ! s9n] 7,ps4 #dh3ba73 ,man :5 he 0 9 honor did n und]/&2 he ha? be5 comp>$ to s5seless bea/s1 & made l to !m4 ,b an irrational animal1 su* z a m\se or a dog1 _c receive ?is sacram5t1 j z x _c receive ! sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,!re=e x seems t = ! l reason nei!r may s9n]s eat ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan471 comm5t+ on ! words1 t if any man eat ( x he may n die1 says3 ,_m receive f ! alt>1 & by receiv+ die3 :5ce ! ,apo/le sai?1 'eate? & dr9ke? judgm5t to himself4' ,b only s9n]s die by receiv+4 ,!re=e s9n]s eat ! body ( ,*ri/ sacram5tally1 & n ! j only4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! pa/1 "s h err$ ^u ?is po9t1 say+ t ,*ri/'s body is n receiv$ sacram5tally by s9n]s2 b t directly ! body is t\*$ by ! lips ( s9n]s1 x ceases to be "u ! sacram5tal species4 ,b ?is is errone\s2 because x detracts f ! tru? ( ?is sacram5t1 to :i* tru? x belongs t s long z ! species la/1 ,*ri/'s body does n cease to be "u !m1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #f1 ad #c2 ,q4 #gg1 ,a4 #h74 ,b ! species la/ s long z ! sub/ance ( ! bread w\ld rema91 if x 7 !re1 z 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #gg1 ,a4 #d74 ,n[ x is cle> t ! sub/ance ( bread tak5 by a s9n] does n at once cease to be1 b x cont9ues until dige/$ by natural heat3 h5ce ,*ri/'s body rema9s j z long "u ! sacram5tal species :5 tak5 by s9n]s4 ,h5ce x mu/ be said t ! s9n]1 & n m]ely ! j1 c eat ,*ri/'s body4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,su* words & simil> expressions are to be und]/ood ( spiritual eat+1 :i* does n belong to s9n]s4 ,consequ5tly1 x is f su* expressions be+ misund]/ood t ! above error seems to h aris51 ?r\gh ignorance ( ! di/9ction betwe5 corporeal & spiritual eat+4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,%\ld ev5 an unbeliev] receive ! sacram5tal species1 he w\ld receive ,*ri/'s body "u ! sacram5t3 h5ce he w\ld eat ,*ri/ sacram5tally1 if ! ^w sacram5tally qualify ! v]b on ! "p ( ! ?+ eat54 ,b if x qualify ! v]b on ! "p ( ! "o eat+1 !n1 prop]ly speak+1 he does n eat sacram5tally1 because he uses :at he takes1 n z a sacram5t1 b z simple food4 ,unless p]*ance ! unbeliev] 7 to int5d to receive :at ! ,*ur* be/[s2 )\t hav+ prop] fai? reg>d+ ! o!r articles1 or reg>d+ ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,ev5 ?\gh a m\se or a dog 7 to eat ! consecrat$ ho/1 ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body w\ld n cease to be "u ! species1 s long z ^? species rema91 & t is1 s long z ! sub/ance ( bread w\ld h rema9$2 j z if x 7 to be ca/ into ! mire4 ,nor does ?is turn to any indignity reg>d+ ,*ri/'s body1 s9ce ,he will$ to be crucifi$ by s9n]s )\t detract+ f ,8 dignity2 especially s9ce ! m\se or dog does n t\* ,*ri/'s body 9 its prop] species1 b only z to its sacram5tal species4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 h said t ,*ri/'s body w\ld cease to be !re1 directly x 7 t\*$ by a m\se or a dog2 b ?is aga9 detracts f ! tru? ( ! sacram5t1 z /at$ above4 ,none ! less x mu/ n be said t ! irrational animal eats ! body ( ,*ri/ sacram5tally2 s9ce x is incapable ( us+ x z a sacram5t4 ,h5ce x eats ,*ri/'s body accid5tally1 & n sacram5tally1 j z if anyone n kn[+ a ho/ to be consecrat$ 7 to consume x4 ,& s9ce no g5us is divid$ by an accid5tal diff]5ce1 !re=e ?is mann] ( eat+ ,*ri/'s body is n set d[n z a ?ird way besides sacram5tal & spiritual eat+4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,s9n] ,s9s 9 ,receiv+ ,*ri/'s ,body ,sacram5tally8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! s9n] does n s9 9 receiv+ ,*ri/'s body sacram5tally1 because ,*ri/ has no great] dignity "u ! sacram5tal species ?an "u ,8 own4 ,b s9n]s did n s9 :5 !y t\*$ ,*ri/'s body "u its prop] species2 nay1 r !y obta9$ =giv5ess ( _! s9s1 z we read 9 ,luke #g ( ! woman :o 0 a s9n]2 :ile x is writt5 7,matt4 #ad3cf7 t z _m z t\*$ ! hem ( ,8 g>m5t 7 heal$4 ,!re=e1 !y d n s91 b r obta9 salvation1 by receiv+ ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t1 l ! o!rs1 is a spiritual m$ic9e4 ,b m$ic9e is giv5 to ! sick = _! recov]y1 accord+ to ,matt4 #i3ab3 ,!y t are 9 heal? ne$ n a physician4 ,n[ !y t are spiritually sick or infirm are s9n]s4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t c be receiv$ by !m )\t s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is "o ( our greate/ gifts1 s9ce x conta9s ,*ri/4 ,b accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,de ,lib4 ,arb4 ii71 ! greate/ gifts are ^? :i* no "o c abuse4 ,n[ no "o s9s except by abus+ some?+4 ,!re=e no s9n] s9s by receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 z ?is sacram5t is p]ceiv$ by ta/e & t\*1 s also is x by sight4 ,consequ5tly1 if ! s9n] s9s by receiv+ ! sacram5t1 x seems t he w\ld s9 by behold+ x1 :i* is manife/ly untrue1 s9ce ! ,*ur* exposes ?is sacram5t to be se5 & ador$ by all4 ,!re=e ! s9n] does n s9 by eat+ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 x happ5s sometimes t ! s9n] is unconsci\s ( 8 s94 ,yet su* a "o does n seem to s9 by receiv+ ! body ( ,*ri/1 = accord+ to ?is all :o receive x w\ld s91 z expos+ !mselves to dang]1 s9ce ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #d3d73 ,i am n consci\s to myself ( any?+1 yet ,i am n h]eby ju/ifi$4 ,!re=e1 ! s9n]1 if he receive ?is sacram5t1 does n appe> to be guilty ( s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aa3bi73 ,he t eate? & dr9ke? unwor?ily1 eate? & dr9ke? judgm5t to himself4 ,n[ ! gloss says on ?is passage3 ,he eats & dr9ks unwor?ily :o is 9 s91 or :o h&les x irrev]5tly4 ,!re=e1 if anyone1 :ile 9 mortal s91 receives ?is sacram5t1 he pur*ases damnation1 by s9n+ mortally4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ?is sacram5t1 z 9 ! o!rs1 t :i* is a sacram5t is a sign ( ! reality ( ! sacram5t4 ,n[ !re is a tw(old reality ( ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #f73 "o :i* is signifi$ & conta9$1 namely1 ,*ri/ ,himself2 :ile ! o!r is signifi$ b n conta9$1 namely1 ,*ri/'s my/ical body1 :i* is ! fell[%ip ( ! sa9ts4 ,!re=e1 :oev] receives ?is sacram5t1 expresses !reby t he is made "o ) ,*ri/1 & incorporat$ 9 ,8 memb]s2 & ?is is done by liv+ fai?1 :i* no "o has :o is 9 mortal s94 ,& !re=e x is manife/ t :oev] receives ?is sacram5t :ile 9 mortal s91 is guilty ( ly+ to ?is sacram5t1 & consequ5tly ( sacrilege1 because he pr(anes ! sacram5t3 & !re=e he s9s mortally4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 ,*ri/ appe>$ "u ,8 prop] species1 ,he did n give ,himself to be t\*$ by m5 z a sign ( spiritual union ) ,himself1 z ,he gives ,himself to be receiv$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,& !re=e s9n]s 9 t\*+ ,him "u ,8 prop] species did n incur ! s9 ( ly+ to ,godlike ?+s1 z s9n]s d 9 receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,fur!rmore1 ,*ri/ /ill bore ! lik5ess ( ! body ( s92 consequ5tly ,he fitt+ly all[$ ,himself to be t\*$ by s9n]s4 ,b z soon z ! body ( s9 0 tak5 away by ! glory ( ! ,resurrection1 he =bade ! woman to t\* ,him1 = h] fai? 9 ,him 0 defective1 accord+ to ,john #bj3ag3 ,d n t\* ,me1 = ,i am n yet asc5d$ to ,my ,fa!r1 i4e4 9 y\r he>t1 z ,augu/9e expla9s 7,tract4 cxxi 9 ,joan474 ,& !re=e s9n]s1 :o lack liv+ fai? reg>d+ ,*ri/ are n all[$ to t\* ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,e m$ic9e does n suit e /age ( sickness2 because ! tonic giv5 to ^? :o are recov]+ f fev] w\ld be hurtful to !m if giv5 :ile yet 9 _! fev]i% condition4 ,s likewise ,baptism & ,p5ance are z purgative m$ic9es1 giv5 to take away ! fev] ( s92 :]eas ?is sacram5t is a m$ic9e giv5 to /r5g!n1 & x ought n to be giv5 except to !m :o are quit ( s94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,by ! greate/ gifts ,augu/9e und]/&s ! s\l's virtues1 :i* no "o uses to evil purpose1 z ?\gh !y 7 pr9ciples ( evil4 ,nev]!less sometimes a man makes a bad use ( !m1 z objects ( an evil use1 z is se5 9 ^? :o are pr\d ( _! virtues4 ,s likewise ?is sacram5t1 s f> z ! sacram5t is conc]n$1 is n ! pr9ciple ( an evil use1 b ! object !re(4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxii 9 ,joan473 ,_m receive ,*ri/'s body unwor?ily2 :5ce we are taught :at ne$ !re is to bew>e ( receiv+ a good ?+ evilly 4 4 4 ,= behold1 ( a good ?+1 receiv$ evilly1 evil is wr\ght3 j z on ! o!r h&1 9 ! ,apo/le's case1 good 0 wr\ght ?r\gh evil well receiv$1 namely1 by be>+ pati5tly ! /+ ( ,satan4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/'s body is n receiv$ by be+ se51 b only its sacram5t1 because sight does n p5etrate to ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body1 b only to ! sacram5tal species1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #g74 ,b he :o eats1 receives n only ! sacram5tal species1 b likewise ,*ri/ ,himself ,:o is "u !m4 ,consequ5tly1 no "o is =bidd5 to behold ,*ri/'s body1 :5 once he has receiv$ ,*ri/'s sacram5t1 namely1 ,baptism3 :]eas ! non-baptiz$ are n to be all[$ ev5 to see ?is sacram5t1 z is cle> f ,dionysius 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 vii74 ,b only ^? are to be all[$ to %>e 9 ! eat+ :o are unit$ ) ,*ri/ n m]ely sacram5tally1 b likewise really4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,! fact ( a man be+ unconsci\s ( 8 s9 c come ab\t 9 two ways4 ,fir/ ( all ?r\gh 8 own fault1 ei!r because ?r\gh ignorance ( ! law 7:i* ignorance does n excuse him71 he ?9ks some?+ n to be s9ful :i* is a s91 z = example if "o guilty ( =nication 7 to deem simple =nication n to be a mortal s92 or because he neglects to exam9e 8 consci5ce1 :i* is oppos$ to :at ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aa3bh73 ,let a man prove himself1 & s let him eat ( t bread1 & dr9k ( ! *alice4 ,& 9 ?is way nev]!less ! s9n] :o receives ,*ri/'s body commits s91 al?\gh unconsci\s !re(1 because ! v ignorance is a s9 on 8 "p4 ,secondly1 x may happ5 )\t fault on 8 "p1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 he has sorr[$ ov] 8 s91 b is n suffici5tly contrite3 & 9 su* a case he does n s9 9 receiv+ ! body ( ,*ri/1 because a man _c "k = c]ta9 :e!r he is truly contrite4 ,x suffices1 h[ev]1 if he f9d 9 himself ! m>ks ( contrition1 = in/ance1 if he grieve ov] pa/ s9s1 & propose to avoid !m 9 ! future 99,cf4 ,rule ( ,augu/9e4 ,b if he be ignorant t :at he did 0 a s9ful act1 ?r\gh ignorance ( ! fact1 :i* excuses1 = in/ance1 if a man approa* a woman :om he believ$ to be 8 wife :]eas %e 0 n1 he is n to be call$ a s9n] on t acc\nt2 9 ! same way if he has utt]ly =gott5 8 s91 g5]al contrition suffices = blott+ x out1 z w be said h]eaft] 7,suppl41 ,q4 #b1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b72 h5ce he is no long] to be call$ a s9n]4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r to ,approa* ,?is ,sacram5t ) ,consci\sness ( ,s9 ,is ! ,grave/ ( ,all ,s9s8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t to approa* ?is sacram5t ) consci\sness ( s9 is ! grave/ ( all s9s2 because ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aa3bg73 ,:osoev] %all eat ?is bread1 or dr9k ! *alice ( ! ,"l unwor?ily1 %all be guilty ( ! body & ( ! blood ( ! ,"l3 ^u :i* ! gloss obs]ves3 ,he %all be puni%$ z ?\gh he slew ,*ri/4 ,b ! s9 ( !m :o slew ,*ri/ seems to h be5 mo/ grave4 ,!re=e ?is s91 :]eby a man approa*es ,*ri/'s table ) consci\sness ( s91 appe>s to be ! grave/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,j]ome says 9 an ,epi/le 7xlix73 ,:at ha/ ?\ to d ) wom51 ?\ t speake/ famili>ly ) ,god at ! alt>8 99,! rema9+ "p ( ! quotation is n f ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,say1 prie/1 say1 cl]ic1 h[ do/ ?\ kiss ! ,son ( ,god ) ! same lips :]e) ?\ ha/ kiss$ ! daught] ( a h>lot8 ,judas1 ?\ betraye/ ! ,son ( ,man ) a kiss6 ,& ?us x appe>s t ! =nicator approa*+ ,*ri/'s table s9s z ,judas did1 ^: s9 0 mo/ grave4 ,b !re are _m o!r s9s :i* are grav] ?an =nication1 especially ! s9 ( unbelief4 ,!re=e ! s9 ( e s9n] approa*+ ,*ri/'s table is ! grave/ ( all4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 spiritual uncleanness is m abom9able to ,god ?an corporeal4 ,b if anyone 0 to ca/ ,*ri/'s body into mud or a cess-pool1 8 s9 w\ld be reput$ a mo/ grave "o4 ,!re=e1 he s9s m deeply by receiv+ x ) s91 :i* is spiritual uncleanness1 ^u 8 s\l4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says on ! words1 ,if ,i _h n come1 & _h n spok5 to !m1 !y w\ld be )\t s9 7,tract4 lxxxix 9 ,joan471 t ?is is to be und]/ood ( ! s9 ( unbelief1 9 :i* all s9s are compris$1 & s ! greate/ ( all s9s appe>s to be1 n ?is1 b r ! s9 ( unbelief4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,,aa4 #c1 #f2 ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #c71 "o s9 c be said to be grav] ?an ano!r 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all ess5tially1 secondly accid5tally4 ,ess5tially1 9 reg>d to its species1 :i* is tak5 f its object3 & s a s9 is great] accord+ z t aga9/ :i* x is committ$ is great]4 ,& s9ce ,*ri/'s ,godhead is great] ?an ,8 humanity1 & ,8 humanity great] ?an ! sacram5ts ( ,8 humanity1 h5ce x is t ^? are ! grave/ s9s :i* are committ$ aga9/ ! ,godhead1 su* z unbelief & blasphemy4 ,! second degree ( gravity is held by ^? s9s :i* are committ$ aga9/ ,8 humanity3 h5ce x is writt5 7,matt4 #ab3cb73 ,:osoev] %all speak a ^w aga9/ ! ,son ( ,man1 x %all be =giv5 him2 b he t %all speak aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 x %all n be =giv5 him1 nei!r 9 ?is _w nor 9 ! _w to come4 ,9 ! ?ird place come s9s committ$ aga9/ ! sacram5ts1 :i* belong to ,*ri/'s humanity2 & aft] ^! are ! o!r s9s committ$ aga9/ m]e creatures4 ,accid5tally1 "o s9 c be grav] ?an ano!r on ! s9n]'s "p4 ,= example1 ! s9 :i* is ! result ( ignorance or ( weakness is light] ?an "o aris+ f contempt1 or f sure k2 & ! same reason holds good ( o!r circum/ances4 ,& accord+ to ?is1 ! above s9 c be grav] 9 "s1 z happ5s 9 !m :o f actual contempt & ) consci\sness ( s9 approa* ?is sacram5t3 b 9 o!rs x is less grave2 = in/ance1 9 ^? :o f fe> ( _! s9 be+ discov]$1 approa* ?is sacram5t ) consci\sness ( s94 ,s1 !n1 x is evid5t t ?is s9 is specifically grav] ?an _m o!rs1 yet x is n ! greate/ ( all4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! s9 ( ! unwor?y recipi5t is comp>$ to ! s9 ( !m :o slew ,*ri/1 by way ( similitude1 because ea* is committ$ aga9/ ,*ri/'s body2 b n accord+ to ! degree ( ! crime4 ,because ! s9 ( ,*ri/'s slay]s 0 mu* grav]1 fir/ ( all1 because _! s9 0 aga9/ ,*ri/'s body 9 its own species1 :ile ?is s9 is aga9/ x "u sacram5tal species2 secondly1 because _! s9 came ( ! int5t ( injur+ ,*ri/1 :ile ?is does n4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! s9 ( ! =nicator receiv+ ,*ri/'s body is lik5$ to ,judas kiss+ ,*ri/1 z to ! resemblance ( ! s91 because ea* outrages ,*ri/ ) ! sign ( fri5d%ip4 b n z to ! ext5t ( ! s91 z 0 obs]v$ above 7ad #a74 ,& ?is resemblance 9 crime applies no less to o!r s9n]s ?an to =nicators3 because by o!r mortal s9s1 s9n]s act aga9/ ! *>ity ( ,*ri/1 ( :i* ?is sacram5t is ! sign1 & all ! m accord+ z _! s9s are grav]4 ,b 9 a measure ! s9 ( =nication makes "o m unfit = receiv+ ?is sacram5t1 because !reby especially ! _s becomes enslav$ by ! fle%1 :i* is a h9drance to ! f]vor ( love requir$ = ?is sacram5t4 ,h[ev]1 ! h9drance to *>ity itself weighs m ?an ! h9drance to its f]vor4 ,h5ce ! s9 ( unbelief1 :i* fundam5tally sev]s a man f ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 simply speak+1 makes him to be utt]ly unfit = receiv+ ?is sacram5t2 because x is ! sacram5t ( ! ,*ur*'s unity1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fa1 ,a4 #b74 ,h5ce ! unbeliev] :o receives ?is sacram5t s9s m griev\sly ?an ! believ] :o is 9 s92 & %[s great] contempt t[>ds ,*ri/ ,:o is 9 ! sacram5t1 especially if he does n believe ,*ri/ to be truly 9 ?is sacram5t2 because1 s f> z lies 9 him1 he less5s ! hol9ess ( ! sacram5t1 & ! p[] ( ,*ri/ act+ 9 x1 & ?is is to despise ! sacram5t 9 itself4 ,b ! believ] :o receives ! sacram5t ) consci\sness ( s91 by receiv+ x unwor?ily despises ! sacram5t1 n 9 itself1 b 9 its use4 ,h5ce ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #aa3bi7 9 assign+ ! cause ( ?is s91 says1 n disc]n+ ! body ( ! ,"l1 t is1 n di/+ui%+ x f o!r food3 & ?is is :at he does :o disbelieves ,*ri/'s pres5ce 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! man :o w\ld ?r[ ?is sacram5t into ! mire w\ld be guilty ( m he9\s s9 ?an ano!r approa*+ ! sacram5t fully consci\s ( mortal s94 ,fir/ ( all1 because he w\ld int5d to outrage ! sacram5t1 :]eas ! s9n] receiv+ ,*ri/'s body unwor?ily has no su* int5t2 secondly1 because ! s9n] is capable ( grace2 h5ce he is m capable ( receiv+ ?is sacram5t ?an any irrational creature4 ,h5ce he w\ld make a mo/ revolt+ use ( ?is sacram5t :o w\ld ?r[ x to dogs to eat1 or fl+ x 9 ! mire to be trodd5 ^u4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,prie/ ,ought to ,d5y ! ,body ( ,*ri/ to ! ,s9n] ,seek+ ,x8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! prie/ %\ld d5y ! body ( ,*ri/ to ! s9n] seek+ x4 ,= ,*ri/'s precept is n to be set aside = ! sake ( avoid+ sc&al or on acc\nt ( infamy to anyone4 ,b 7,matt4 #g3f7 our ,"l gave ?is comm&3 ,give n t :i* is holy to dogs4 ,n[ x is especially ca/+ holy ?+s to dogs to give ?is sacram5t to s9n]s4 ,!re=e1 nei!r on acc\nt ( avoid+ sc&al or infamy %\ld ?is sacram5t be adm9i/]$ to ! s9n] :o asks = x4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 "o mu/ *oose ! less] ( two evils4 ,b x seems to be ! less] evil if ! s9n] incur infamy2 or if an unconsecrat$ ho/ be giv5 to him2 ?an = him to s9 mortally by receiv+ ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t ! c\rse to be adopt$ is ei!r t ! s9n] seek+ ! body ( ,*ri/ be expos$ to infamy1 or t an unconsecrat$ ho/ be giv5 to him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! body ( ,*ri/ is sometimes giv5 to ^? suspect$ ( crime 9 ord] to put !m to pro(4 ,because we read 9 ! ,decretals3 ,x (t5 happ5s t !fts are p]petrat$ 9 mona/]ies ( monks2 :]e=e we comm& t :5 ! bre?r5 h to exon]ate !mselves ( su* acts1 t ! abbot %all celebrate ,mass1 or someone else deput$ by him1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! community2 & s1 :5 ! ,mass is ov]1 all %all communicate "u ^! words3 ',may ! body ( ,*ri/ prove !e today4' ,& fur!r on3 ,if any evil de$ be imput$ to a bi%op or prie/1 = ea* *>ge he mu/ say ,mass & communicate1 & %[ t he is innoc5t ( ea* act imput$4 ,b secret s9n]s mu/ n be disclos$1 =1 once ! blu% ( %ame is set aside1 !y w indulge ! m 9 s91 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]bis4 ,dom42 cf4 ,s]m4 lxxxii74 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/'s body is n to be giv5 to occult s9n]s1 ev5 if !y ask = x4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,ps4 #ba3cj3 ,all ! fat ones ( ! e>? h eat5 & h ador$1 ,augu/9e says3 ,let n ! disp5s] h9d] ! fat ones ( ! e>?1 i4e4 s9n]s1 f eat+ at ! table ( ! ,"l4 ,i answ] t1 ,a di/9ction mu/ be made among s9n]s3 "s are secret2 o!rs are notori\s1 ei!r f evid5ce ( ! fact1 z public usur]s1 or public robb]s1 or f be+ d5\nc$ z evil m5 by "s ecclesia/ical or civil tribunal4 ,!re=e ,holy ,communion ought n to be giv5 to op5 s9n]s :5 !y ask = x4 ,h5ce ,cyprian writes to someone 7,ep4 lxi73 ,y 7 s k9d z to consid] t ,i ought to be consult$ reg>d+ actors1 & t magician :o cont9ues to practice 8 disgraceful arts among y2 z to :e!r ,i ?\ght t ,holy ,communion ought to be giv5 to su* ) ! o!r ,*ri/ians4 ,i ?9k t x is beseem+ nei!r ! ,div9e maje/y1 nor ,*ri/ian discipl9e1 = ! ,*ur*'s mode/y & honor to be defil$ by su* %ameful & infam\s contagion4 ,b if !y be n op5 s9n]s1 b occult1 ! ,holy ,communion %\ld n be d5i$ !m if !y ask = x4 ,= s9ce e ,*ri/ian1 f ! fact t he is baptiz$1 is admitt$ to ! ,"l's table1 he may n be robb$ ( 8 "r1 except f "s op5 cause4 ,h5ce on #a ,cor4 #e3aa1 ,if he :o is call$ a bro!r among y1 etc41 ,augu/9e's gloss rem>ks3 ,we _c inhibit any p]son f ,communion1 except he has op5ly confess$1 or has be5 nam$ & convict$ by "s ecclesia/ical or lay tribunal4 ,nev]!less a prie/ :o has k ( ! crime c privately w>n ! secret s9n]1 or w>n all op5ly 9 public1 f approa*+ ! ,"l's table1 until !y h rep5t$ ( _! s9s & h be5 reconcil$ to ! ,*ur*2 because aft] rep5tance & reconciliation1 ,communion mu/ n be refus$ ev5 to public s9n]s1 especially 9 ! h\r ( dea?4 ,h5ce 9 ! 7#crd7 ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age 7,c4 xxxv7 we read3 ,reconciliation is n to be d5i$ to /age-play]s or actors1 or o!rs ( ! sort1 or to apo/ates1 aft] _! conv]sion to ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,holy ?+s are =bidd5 to be giv5 to dogs1 t is1 to notori\s s9n]s3 :]eas hidd5 de$s may n be publi%$1 b are to be left to ! ,div9e judgm5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh x is worse = ! secret s9n] to s9 mortally 9 tak+ ! body ( ,*ri/1 r ?an be defam$1 nev]!less = ! prie/ adm9i/]+ ! body ( ,*ri/ x is worse to commit mortal s9 by unju/ly defam+ ! hidd5 s9n] ?an t ! s9n] %\ld s9 mortally2 because no "o ought to commit mortal s9 9 ord] to keep ano!r out ( mortal s94 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,quae/4 sup] ,g54 #db73 ,x is a mo/ dang]\s ex*ange1 = u to d evil le/ ano!r p]petrate a great] evil4 ,b ! secret s9n] ought r to pref] infamy ?an approa* ! ,"l's table unwor?ily4 ,yet by no means %\ld an unconsecrat$ ho/ be giv5 9 place ( a consecrat$ "o2 because ! prie/ by s do+1 s f> z he is conc]n$1 makes o!rs1 ei!r ! by/&]s or ! communicant1 commit idolatry by believ+ t x is a consecrat$ ho/2 because1 z ,augu/9e says on ,ps4 #ih3e3 ,let no "o eat ,*ri/'s fle%1 except he fir/ adore x4 ,h5ce 9 ! ,decretals 7,extra1 ,de ,celeb4 ,miss41 ,*4 ,de ,hom9e7 x is said3 ,al?\gh he :o reputes himself unwor?y ( ! ,sacram5t1 ?r\gh consci\sness ( 8 s91 s9s gravely1 if he receive2 /ill he seems to (f5d m deeply :o deceitfully has presum$ to simulate x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^? decrees 7 aboli%$ by contr>y enactm5ts ( ,roman ,pontiffs3 because ,pope ,/eph5 ,v writes z foll[s3 ,! ,sacr$ ,canons d n all[ ( a confession be+ extort$ f any p]son by trial made by burn+ iron or boil+ wat]2 x belongs to our gov]nm5t to judge ( public crimes committ$1 & t by means ( confession made spontane\sly1 or by pro( ( witnesses3 b private & unkn[n crimes are to be left to ,him ,:o alone kn[s ! he>ts ( ! sons ( m54 ,& ! same is f\nd 9 ! ,decretals 7,extra1 ,de ,purgationibus1 ,*4 ,ex tu>um74 ,because 9 all su* practices !re seems to be a tempt+ ( ,god2 h5ce su* ?+s _c be done )\t s94 ,& x w\ld seem grav] /ill if anyone 7 to incur judgm5t ( dea? ?r\gh ?is sacram5t1 :i* 0 in/itut$ z a means ( salvation4 ,consequ5tly1 ! body ( ,*ri/ %\ld nev] be giv5 to anyone suspect$ ( crime1 z by way ( exam9ation4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ! ,sem9al ,loss ,t ,occurs ,dur+ ,sleep ,h9d]s ,anyone f ,receiv+ ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t sem9al loss does n h9d] anyone f receiv+ ! body ( ,*ri/3 because no "o is prev5t$ f receiv+ ! body ( ,*ri/ except on acc\nt ( s94 ,b sem9al loss happ5s )\t s93 = ,augu/9e says 7,g54 ad lit4 xii7 t ! same image t comes into ! m9d ( a speak] may pres5t itself to ! m9d ( ! sleep]1 s t ! latt] be unable to di/+ui% ! image f ! reality1 & is mov$ c>nally & ) ! result t usually foll[s su* motions2 & !re is z little s9 9 ?is z !re is 9 speak+ & !re=e ?9k+ ab\t su* ?+s4 ,consequ5tly ^! motions d n prev5t "o f receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,gregory says 9 a ,lett] to ,augu/9e1 ,bi%op ( ! ,engli% 7,regi/4 xi73 ,^? :o pay ! debt ( m>riage n f lu/1 b f desire to h *ildr51 %\ld be left to _! own judgm5t1 z to :e!r !y %\ld ent] ! *ur* & receive ! my/]y ( our ,"l's body1 aft] su* int]c\rse3 because !y ought n to be =bidd5 f receiv+ x1 s9ce !y h pass$ ?r\gh ! fire unscor*$4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t sem9al loss ev5 ( "o awake1 if x be )\t s91 is no h9drance to receiv+ ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,consequ5tly1 mu* less is x 9 ! case ( "o asleep4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ^! movem5ts ( ! fle% seem to br+ ) !m only bodily uncleanness4 ,b !re are o!r bodily defilem5ts :i* accord+ to ! ,law =bade entrance into ! holy places1 yet :i* "u ! ,new ,law d n prev5t receiv+ ?is sacram5t3 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! case ( a woman aft] *ild-bir?1 or 9 h] p]iods1 or suff]+ f issue ( blood1 z ,gregory writes to ,augu/9e1 ,bi%op ( ! ,engli% 7,regi/4 xi74 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r d ^! movem5ts ( ! fle% h9d] a man f receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 v5ial s9 is no h9drance to receiv+ ! sacram5t1 nor is mortal s9 aft] rep5tance4 ,b ev5 suppos+ t sem9al loss arises f "s =ego+ s91 :e!r ( intemp]ance1 or ( bad ?\ghts1 = ! mo/ "p su* s9 is v5ial2 & if occasionally x be mortal1 a man may rep5t ( x by morn+ & confess x4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t he ought n to be prev5t$ f receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 a s9 aga9/ ! ,fif? ,comm&m5t is great] ?an a s9 aga9/ ! ,six?4 ,b if a man dream t he has brok5 ! ,fif? or ,sev5? or any o!r ,comm&m5t1 he is n on t acc\nt deb>r$ f receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e x seems t mu* less %\ld he be deb>r$ ?r\gh defilem5t result+ f a dream aga9/ ! ,six? ,comm&m5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,lev4 #ae3af73 ,! man f :om ! se$ ( copulation goe? out 4 4 4 %all be unclean until ev5+4 ,b = ! unclean !re is no approa*+ to ! sacram5ts4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ow+ to su* defilem5t ( ! fle% a man is deb>r$ f tak+ ?is :i* is ! greate/ ( ! sacram5ts4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re are two ?+s to be weigh$ reg>d+ ! a=esaid movem5ts3 "o on acc\nt ( :i* !y necess>ily prev5t a man f receiv+ ?is sacram5t2 ! o!r1 on acc\nt ( :i* !y d s1 n ( necessity1 b f a s5se ( propriety4 ,mortal s9 alone necess>ily prev5ts anyone f p>tak+ ( ?is sacram5t3 & al?\gh ^! movem5ts dur+ sleep1 consid]$ 9 !mselves1 _c be a mortal s91 nev]!less1 ow+ to _! cause1 !y sometimes h mortal s9 connect$ ) !m2 :i* cause1 !re=e1 mu/ be inve/igat$4 ,sometimes !y are due to an ext]nal spiritual cause1 viz4 ! deception ( ! demons1 :o c /ir up phantasms1 z 0 /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,"p 7,i1 ,q4 #aaa1 ,a4 #c71 ?r\gh ! app>ition ( :i*1 ^! movem5ts occasionally foll[4 ,sometimes !y are due to an int]nal spiritual cause1 su* z previ\s ?\ghts4 ,at o!r times !y arise f "s int]nal corporeal cause1 z f abundance or weakness ( nature1 or ev5 f surfeit ( meat or dr9k4 ,n[ e "o ( ^! ?ree causes c be )\t s9 at all1 or else ) v5ial s91 or ) mortal s94 ,if x be )\t s91 or ) v5ial s91 x does n necess>ily prev5t ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t1 s z to make a man guilty ( ! body & blood ( ! ,"l3 b %\ld x be ) mortal s91 x prev5ts x ( necessity4 ,= su* illusions on ! "p ( demons sometimes come f "o's n /riv+ to receive f]v5tly2 & ?is c be ei!r a mortal or a v5ial s94 ,at o!r times x is due to malice alone on ! "p ( ! demons :o wi% to keep m5 f receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,s we read 9 ! ,conf]5ces ( ! ,fa!rs 7,cassian1 ,collat4 xxii7 t :5 a c]ta9 "o always suff]$ ?us on ^? fea/-days on :i* he _h to receive ,communion1 8 sup]iors1 discov]+ t !re 0 no fault on 8 "p1 rul$ t he 0 n to refra9 f communicat+ on t acc\nt1 & ! demoniacal illusion ceas$4 ,9 l fa%ion previ\s evil ?\ghts c sometimes be )\t any s9 :atev]1 z :5 "o has to ?9k ( su* ?+s on acc\nt ( lectur+ or debat+2 & if x be done )\t concupisc5ce & delectation1 ! ?\ghts w n be unclean b hone/2 & yet defilem5t c come ( su* ?\ghts1 z is cle> f ! au?ority ( ,augu/9e 7,obj4 #a74 ,at o!r times su* ?\ghts come ( concupisc5ce & delectation1 & %\ld !re be cons5t1 x w be a mortal s93 o!rwise x w be a v5ial s94 ,9 ! same way too ! corporeal cause c be )\t s91 z :5 x arises f bodily debility1 & h5ce "s individuals suff] sem9al loss )\t s9 ev5 9 _! wakeful h\rs2 or x c come f ! abundance ( nature3 =1 j z blood c fl[ )\t s91 s also c ! sem5 :i* is sup]fluity ( ! blood1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,g5]4 ,animal4 i74 ,b occasionally x is ) s91 z :5 x is due to excess ( food or dr9k4 ,& ?is also c be ei!r v5ial or mortal s92 al?\gh m frequ5tly ! s9 is mortal 9 ! case ( evil ?\ghts on acc\nt ( ! pron5ess to cons5t1 r ?an 9 ! case ( consumption ( food & dr9k4 ,h5ce ,gregory1 writ+ to ,augu/9e1 ,bi%op ( ! ,engli% 7,regi/4 xi71 says t "o ought to refra9 f ,communion :5 ?is arises f evil ?\ghts1 b n :5 x arises f excess ( food or dr9k1 especially if necessity call = ,communion4 ,s1 !n1 "o mu/ judge f its cause :e!r su* bodily defilem5t ( necessity h9d]s ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t4 ,at ! same "t a s5se ( dec5cy =bids ,communion on two acc\nts4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is always v]ifi$1 viz4 ! bodily defilem5t1 ) :i*1 out ( rev]5ce = ! sacram5t1 x is unbecom+ to approa* ! alt> 7& h5ce ^? :o wi% to t\* any sacr$ object1 wa% _! h&s73 except p]*ance su* uncleanness be p]petual or ( long /&+1 su* z leprosy or issue ( blood1 or any?+ else ( ! k9d4 ,! o!r reason is ! m5tal di/raction :i* foll[s aft] ! a=esaid movem5ts1 especially :5 !y take place ) unclean imag9+s4 ,n[ ?is ob/acle1 :i* arises f a s5se ( dec5cy1 c be set aside ow+ to any necessity1 z ,gregory says 7,regi/4 xi73 ,z :5 p]*ance ei!r a fe/ival day calls = x1 or necessity compels "o to ex]cise ! m9i/ry because !re is no o!r prie/ at h&4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,a p]son is h9d]$ necess>ily1 only by mortal s91 f receiv+ ?is sacram5t3 b f a s5se ( dec5cy "o may be h9d]$ ?r\gh o!r causes1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,conjugal int]c\rse1 if x be )\t s91 7= in/ance1 if x be done = ! sake ( begett+ (fspr+1 or ( pay+ ! m>riage debt71 does n prev5t ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t = any o!r reason ?an d ^? movem5ts 9 "q :i* happ5 )\t s91 z /at$ above2 namely1 on acc\nt ( ! defilem5t to ! body & di/raction to ! m9d4 ,on ?is acc\nt ,j]ome expresses himself 9 ! foll[+ t]ms 9 8 comm5t>y on ,mat!w 7,epi/4 xxviii1 among ,/4 ,j]ome's works73 ,if ! loaves ( ,proposition might n be eat5 by !m :o _h kn[n _! wives c>nally1 h[ mu* less may ?is bread :i* has come d[n f heav5 be defil$ & t\*$ by !m :o %ortly be=e h be5 9 conjugal embraces8 ,x is n t we condemn m>riages1 b t at ! "t :5 we are go+ to eat ! fle% ( ! ,lamb1 we ought n to indulge 9 c>nal acts4 ,b s9ce ?is is to be und]/ood 9 ! s5se ( dec5cy1 & n ( necessity1 ,gregory says t su* a p]son is to be left to 8 own judgm5t4 ,b if1 z ,gregory says 7,regi/4 xi71 x be n desire ( begett+ (fspr+1 b lu/ t prevails1 !n su* a "o %\ld be =bidd5 to approa* ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,gregory says 9 8 ,lett] quot$ above to ,augu/9e1 ,bi%op ( ! ,engli%1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t "s p]sons 7 t]m$ pollut$ figuratively1 :i* ! p ( ! ,new ,law und]/& spiritually4 ,h5ce su* bodily uncleannesses1 if p]petual or ( long /&+1 d n h9d] ! receiv+ ( ?is sav+ sacram5t1 z !y prev5t$ approa*+ ^? figurative sacram5ts2 b if !y pass spe$ily1 l ! uncleanness ( ! a=esaid movem5ts1 !n f a s5se ( fitt+ness !y h9d] ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t dur+ ! day on :i* x happ5s4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,deut4 #bc3aj73 ,if !re be among y any man1 t is defil$ 9 a dream by night1 he %all g =? out ( ! camp2 & he %all n return be=e he be wa%$ ) wat] 9 ! ev5+4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,al?\gh ! /a9 ( guilt be tak5 away by contrition & confession nev]!less ! bodily defilem5t is n tak5 away1 nor ! m5tal di/raction :i* foll[s !refrom4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,to dream ( homicide br+s no bodily uncleanness1 nor su* di/raction ( m9d z =nication1 on acc\nt ( its int5se delectation2 /ill if ! dream ( homicide comes ( a cause s9ful 9 itself1 especially if x be mortal s91 !n ow+ to its cause x h9d]s ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,food or ,dr9k ,tak5 ,be=eh& ,h9d]s ! ,receiv+ ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t food or dr9k tak5 be=eh& does n h9d] ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t4 ,= ?is sacram5t 0 in/itut$ by our ,"l at ! supp]4 ,b :5 ! supp] 0 end$ our ,"l gave ! sacram5t to ,8 disciples1 z is evid5t f ,luke #bb3bj1 & f #a ,cor4 #aa3be4 ,!re=e x seems t we ought to take ?is sacram5t aft] receiv+ o!r food4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #aa3cc73 ,:5 y come toge!r to eat1 namely1 ! ,"l's body1 wait = "o ano!r2 if any man be hungry1 let him eat at home3 & ?us x seems t aft] eat+ at home a man may eat ,*ri/'s body 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 we read 9 ! 7#crd7 ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age 7,c4 xxix73 ,let ! sacram5ts ( ! alt> be celebrat$ only by m5 :o are fa/+1 ) ! exception ( ! anniv]s>y day on :i* ! ,"l's ,supp] is celebrat$4 ,!re=e1 at lea/ on t day1 "o may receive ! body ( ,*ri/ aft] p>tak+ ( o!r food4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! tak+ ( wat] or m$ic9e1 or ( any o!r food or dr9k 9 v slight quantity1 or ( ! rema9s ( food cont9u+ 9 ! m\?1 nei!r breaks ! ,*ur*'s fa/1 nor takes away ! sobriety requir$ = rev]5tly receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 "o is n prev5t$ by ! above ?+s f receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 "s eat & dr9k late at night1 & possibly aft] pass+ a sleepless night receive ! sacr$ my/]ies 9 ! morn+ :5 ! food is n dige/$4 ,b x w\ld savor m ( mod]ation if a man 7 to eat a little 9 ! morn+ & aft]w>ds receive ?is sacram5t ab\t ! n9? h\r1 s9ce also !re is occasionally a long] int]val ( "t4 ,consequ5tly1 x seems t su* tak+ ( food be=eh& does n keep "o f ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 !re is no less rev]5ce due to ?is sacram5t aft] receiv+ x1 ?an be=e4 ,b "o may take food & dr9k aft] receiv+ ! sacram5t4 ,!re=e "o may d s be=e receiv+ x4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,resp4 ad ,janu>41 ,ep4 liv73 ,x has pleas$ ! ,holy ,gho/ t1 out ( honor = ?is great sacram5t1 ! ,"l's body %\ld ent] ! m\? ( a ,*ri/ian be=e o!r foods4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ may prev5t ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t 9 two ways3 fir/ ( all 9 itself1 l mortal s91 :i* is repugnant to :at is signifi$ by ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d73 secondly1 on acc\nt ( ! ,*ur*'s prohibition2 & ?us a man is prev5t$ f tak+ ?is sacram5t aft] receiv+ food or dr9k1 = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 z ,augu/9e says 7,resp4 ad ,janu>41 ,ep4 liv71 out ( respect = ?is sacram5t1 s t x may ent] into a m\? n yet contam9at$ by any food or dr9k4 ,secondly1 because ( its signification1 i4e4 to give u to und]/& t ,*ri/1 ,:o is ! reality ( ?is sacram5t1 & ,8 *>ity1 ought to be fir/ ( all e/abli%$ 9 our he>ts1 accord+ to ,matt4 #f3cc3 ,seek fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,?irdly1 on acc\nt ( ! dang] ( vomit+ & intemp]ance1 :i* sometimes arise f ov]-indulg+ 9 food1 z ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aa3ba73 ,"o1 inde$1 is hungry1 & ano!r is drunk4 ,nev]!less ! sick are exempt$ f ?is g5]al rule1 = !y %\ld be giv5 ,communion at once1 ev5 aft] food1 %\ld !re be any d\bt z to _! dang]1 le/ !y die )\t ,communion1 because necessity has no law4 ,h5ce x is said 9 ! ,canon de ,consecratione3 ,let ! prie/ at once take ,communion to ! sick p]son1 le/ he die )\t ,communion4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,augu/9e says 9 ! same book1 ! fact t our ,"l gave ?is sacram5t aft] tak+ food is no reason :y ! bre?r5 %\ld assemble aft] d9n] or supp] 9 ord] to p>take ( x1 or receive x at meal-"t1 z did ^? :om ! ,apo/le reproves & corrects4 ,= our ,savi\r1 9 ord] ! m /rongly to comm5d ! dep? ( ?is my/]y1 wi%$ to fix x closely 9 ! he>ts & memories ( ! disciples2 & on t acc\nt ,he gave no comm& = x to be receiv$ 9 t ord]1 leav+ ?is to ! apo/les1 to :om ,he 0 ab\t to entru/ ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*es4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! text quot$ is ?us p>aphras$ by ! gloss3 ,if any man be hungry & loa? to await ! re/1 let him p>take ( 8 food at home1 t is1 let him fill himself ) e>?ly bread1 )\t p>tak+ ( ! ,eu*>i/ aft]w>ds4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! word+ ( ?is decree is 9 accordance ) ! =m] cu/om obs]v$ by "s ( receiv+ ! body ( ,*ri/ on t day aft] break+ _! fa/1 s z to repres5t ! ,"l's supp]4 ,b ?is is n[ abrogat$1 because z ,augu/9e says 7,resp4 ad ,janu>41 ,ep4 liv71 x is cu/om>y ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w = ,*ri/'s body to be receiv$ be=e break+ ! fa/4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #adg1 ,a4 #f1 ad #b71 !re are two k9ds ( fa/4 ,fir/1 !re is ! natural fa/1 :i* implies privation ( ev]y?+ tak5 be=e-h& by way ( food or dr9k3 & su* fa/ is requir$ = ?is sacram5t = ! reasons giv5 above4 ,& !re=e x is nev] lawful to take ?is sacram5t aft] tak+ wat]1 or o!r food or dr9k1 or ev5 m$ic9e1 no matt] h[ small ! quantity be4 ,nor does x matt] :e!r x n\ri%es or n1 :e!r x be tak5 by itself or ) o!r ?+s1 provid$ x be tak5 by way ( food or dr9k4 ,b ! rema9s ( food left 9 ! m\?1 if swall[$ accid5tally1 d n h9d] receiv+ ?is sacram5t1 because !y are swall[$ n by way ( food b by way ( saliva4 ,! same holds good ( ! unavoidable rema9s ( ! wat] or w9e :]e) ! m\? is r9s$1 provid$ !y be n swall[$ 9 great quantity1 b mix$ ) saliva4 ,secondly1 !re is ! fa/ ( ! ,*ur*1 in/itut$ = afflict+ ! body3 & ?is fa/ is n h9d]$ by ! ?+s m5tion$ 79 ! objection71 because !y d n give mu* n\ri%m5t1 b are tak5 r z an alt]ative4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,t ?is sacram5t ought to ent] into ! m\? ( a ,*ri/ian be=e any o!r food mu/ n be und]/ood absolutely ( all "t1 o!rwise he :o _h once eat5 or drunk c\ld nev] aft]w>ds take ?is sacram5t3 b x mu/ be und]/ood ( ! same day2 & al?\gh ! beg9n+ ( ! day v>ies accord+ to diff]5t sy/ems ( reckon+ 7= "s beg9 _! day at noon1 "s at sunset1 o!rs at midnight1 & o!rs at sunrise71 ! ,roman ,*ur* beg9s x at midnight4 ,consequ5tly1 if any p]son takes any?+ by way ( food or dr9k aft] midnight1 he may n receive ?is sacram5t on t day2 b he c d s if ! food 0 tak5 be=e midnight4 ,nor does x matt]1 s f> z ! precept is conc]n$1 :e!r he has slept aft] tak+ food or dr9k1 or :e!r he has dige/$ x2 b x does matt] z to ! m5tal di/urbance :i* "o suff]s f want ( sleep or f indige/ion1 =1 if ! m9d be mu* di/urb$1 "o becomes unfit = receiv+ ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,! greate/ devotion is call$ = at ! mom5t ( receiv+ ?is sacram5t1 because x is !n t ! effect ( ! sacram5t is be/[$1 & su* devotion is h9d]$ m by :at goes be=e x ?an by :at comes aft] x4 ,& !re=e x 0 orda9$ t m5 %\ld fa/ be=e receiv+ ! sacram5t r ?an aft]4 ,nev]!less !re ought to be "s int]val betwe5 receiv+ ?is sacram5t & tak+ o!r food4 ,consequ5tly1 bo? ! ,po/communion pray] ( ?anksgiv+ is said 9 ! ,mass1 & ! communicants say _! own private pray]s4 ,h[ev]1 accord+ to ! anci5t ,canons1 ! foll[+ ord9ation 0 made by ,pope ,clem5t ,i1 7,ep4 ii71 ,if ! ,"l's portion be eat5 9 ! morn+1 ! m9i/]s :o h tak5 x %all fa/ until ! six? h\r1 & if !y take x at ! ?ird or f\r? h\r1 !y %all fa/ until ev5+4 ,= 9 old5 times1 ! prie/ celebrat$ ,mass less frequ5tly1 & ) great] prep>ation3 b n[1 because ! sacr$ my/]ies h to be celebrat$ (t5]1 ! same c\ld n be easily obs]v$1 & s x has be5 abrogat$ by contr>y cu/om4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,^? ,:o ,h ,n ! ,use ( ,reason ,ought to ,receive ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ^? :o h n ! use ( reason ought n to receive ?is sacram5t4 ,= x is requir$ t man %\ld approa* ?is sacram5t ) devotion & previ\s self-exam9ation1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #aa3bh3 ,let a man prove himself1 & s let him eat ( t bread1 & dr9k ( ! *alice4 ,b ?is is n possible = ^? :o are devoid ( reason4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t %\ld n be giv5 to !m4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 among ^? :o h n ! use ( reason are ! possess$1 :o are call$ en]gum5s4 ,b su* p]sons are kept f ev5 behold+ ?is sacram5t1 accord+ to ,dionysius 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii74 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t ought n to be giv5 to ^? :o h n ! use ( reason4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 among ^? t lack ! use ( reason are *ildr51 ! mo/ innoc5t ( all4 ,b ?is sacram5t is n giv5 to *ildr54 ,!re=e mu* less %\ld x be giv5 to o!rs depriv$ ( ! use ( reason4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we read 9 ! ,fir/ ,c\ncil ( ,orange1 7,canon #ac72 & ! same is to be f\nd 9 ! ,decretals 7xxvi1 #f73 ,all ?+s t p]ta9 to piety are to be giv5 to ! insane3 & consequ5tly1 s9ce ?is is ! sacram5t ( piety1 x mu/ be giv5 to !m4 ,i answ] t1 ,m5 are said to be devoid ( reason 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 :5 !y are feeble-m9d$1 z a man :o sees dimly is said n to see3 & s9ce su* p]sons c conceive "s devotion t[>ds ?is sacram5t1 x is n to be d5i$ !m4 ,9 ano!r way m5 are said n to possess fully ! use ( reason4 ,ei!r1 !n1 !y nev] _h ! use ( reason1 & h rema9$ s f bir?2 & 9 t case ?is sacram5t is n to be giv5 to !m1 because 9 no way has !re be5 any prec$+ devotion t[>ds ! sacram5t3 or else1 !y 7 n always devoid ( reason1 & !n1 if :5 !y =m]ly _h _! wits !y %[$ devotion t[>ds ?is sacram5t1 x ought to be giv5 to !m 9 ! h\r ( dea?2 unless dang] be fe>$ ( vomit+ or spitt+ x out4 ,h5ce we read 9 ! acts ( ! ,f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age 7,canon #gf74 & ! same is to be f\nd 9 ! ,decretals 7xxvi1 #f73 ,if a sick man ask to receive ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance2 & if1 :5 ! prie/ :o has be5 s5t = comes to him1 he be s weak z to be unable to speak1 or becomes deliri\s1 let !m1 :o he>d him ask1 be> witness1 & let him receive ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance4 !n if x be ?\ght t he is go+ to die %ortly1 let him be reconcil$ by imposition ( h&s1 & let ! ,eu*>i/ be plac$ 9 8 m\?4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^? lack+ ! use ( reason c h devotion t[>ds ! sacram5t2 actual devotion 9 "s cases1 & pa/ 9 o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,dionysius is speak+ !re ( en]gum5s :o are n yet baptiz$1 9 :om ! devil's p[] is n yet ext9ct1 s9ce x ?rives 9 !m ?r\gh ! pres5ce ( orig9al s94 ,b z to baptiz$ p]sons :o are vex$ 9 body by unclean spirits1 ! same reason holds good ( !m z ( o!rs :o are dem5t$4 ,h5ce ,cassian says 7,collat4 vii73 ,we d n rememb] ! mo/ ,holy ,communion to h ev] be5 d5i$ by our eld]s to !m :o are vex$ by unclean spirits4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! same reason holds good ( newly born *ildr5 z ( ! insane :o nev] h _h ! use ( reason3 consequ5tly1 ! sacr$ my/]ies are n to be giv5 to !m4 ,al?\gh c]ta9 ,greeks d ! contr>y1 because ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 ii7 t ,holy ,communion is to be giv5 to !m :o are baptiz$2 n und]/&+ t ,dionysius is speak+ !re ( ! ,baptism ( adults4 ,nor d !y suff] any loss ( life f ! fact ( our ,"l say+ 7,john #f3ed71 ,except y eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man1 & dr9k ,8 blood1 y %all n h life 9 y2 because1 z ,augu/9e writes to ,boniface 7,pseudo-,b$a1 ,comm5t4 9 #a ,cor4 #aj3ag71 !n e "o ( ! fai?ful becomes a p>tak]1 i4e4 spiritually1 ( ! body & blood ( ! ,"l1 :5 he is made a memb] ( ,*ri/'s body 9 ,baptism4 ,b :5 *ildr5 once beg9 to h "s use ( reason s z to be able to conceive "s devotion = ! sacram5t1 !n x c be giv5 to !m4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ,x ,is ,lawful to ,receive ,?is ,sacram5t ,daily8 ,objection #a3 ,x does n appe> to be lawful to receive ?is sacram5t daily1 because1 z ,baptism %[s =? our ,"l's ,passion1 s also does ?is sacram5t4 ,n[ "o may n be baptiz$ sev]al times1 b only once1 because ,*ri/ di$ once only = our s9s1 accord+ to #a ,pet4 #c3ah4 ,!re=e1 x seems unlawful to receive ?is sacram5t daily4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! reality ought to answ] to ! figure4 ,b ! ,pas*al ,lamb1 :i* 0 ! *ief figure ( ?is sacram5t1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #i7 0 eat5 only once 9 ! ye>2 :ile ! ,*ur* once a ye> commemorates ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ( :i* ?is sacram5t is ! memorial4 ,x seems1 !n1 t x is lawful to receive ?is sacram5t n daily1 b only once 9 ! ye>4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! greate/ rev]5ce is due to ?is sacram5t z conta9+ ,*ri/4 ,b x is a tok5 ( rev]5ce to refra9 f receiv+ ?is sacram5t2 h5ce ! ,c5turion is prais$ = say+ 7,matt4 #h3h71 ,"l1 ,i am n wor?y t ,?\ %\ld/ ent] "u my ro(2 also ,pet]1 = say+ 7,luke #e3h71 ,dep>t f me1 = ,i am a s9ful man1 ,o ,"l4 ,!re=e1 x is n praisewor?y = a man to receive ?is sacram5t daily4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 if x 7 a praisewor?y cu/om to receive ?is sacram5t frequ5tly1 !n ! (t5] x 7 tak5 ! m praise-wor?y x w\ld be4 ,b !re w\ld be great] frequ5cy if "o 7 to receive x sev]al times daily2 & yet ?is is n ! cu/om ( ! ,*ur*4 ,consequ5tly1 x does n seem praisewor?y to receive x daily4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 ! ,*ur* by h] /atutes int5ds to promote ! welf>e ( ! fai?ful4 ,b ! ,*ur*'s /atute only requires ,communion once a ye>2 h5ce x is enact$ 7,extra1 ,de ,po5it4 et ,remiss4 xii73 ,let e p]son ( ei!r sex dev\tly receive ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ at lea/ at ,ea/]2 unless by ! advice ( 8 p>i% prie/1 & = "s reasonable cause1 he consid]s he ought to refra9 f receiv+ = a "t4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n praisewor?y to receive ?is sacram5t daily4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]b4 ,dom41 ,s]m4 xxviii73 ,?is is our daily bread2 take x daily1 t x may pr(it !e daily4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re are two ?+s to be consid]$ reg>d+ ! use ( ?is sacram5t4 ,! fir/ is on ! "p ( ! sacram5t itself1 ! virtue ( :i* gives heal? to m52 & consequ5tly x is pr(itable to receive x daily s z to receive its fruits daily4 ,h5ce ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv73 ,if1 :5ev] ,*ri/'s blood is %$1 x is %$ = ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 ,i :o s9 (t51 %\ld receive x (t53 ,i ne$ a frequ5t rem$y4 ,! second ?+ to be consid]$ is on ! "p ( ! recipi5t1 :o is requir$ to approa* ?is sacram5t ) great rev]5ce & devotion4 ,consequ5tly1 if anyone f9ds t he has ^! dispositions e day1 he w d well to receive x daily4 ,h5ce1 ,augu/9e aft] say+1 ,receive daily1 t x may pr(it !e daily1 adds3 ,s live1 z to des]ve to receive x daily4 ,b because _m p]sons are lack+ 9 ?is devotion1 on acc\nt ( ! _m drawbacks bo? spiritual & corporal f :i* !y suff]1 x is n exp$i5t = all to approa* ?is sacram5t e day2 b !y %\ld d s z (t5 z !y f9d !mselves prop]ly dispos$4 ,h5ce x is said 9 ,de ,eccles4 ,dogmat4 liii3 ,i nei!r praise nor blame daily reception ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism a man is con=m$ to ,*ri/'s dea?1 by receiv+ ,8 "* )9 him4 ,& !re=e1 z ,*ri/ di$ b once1 s a man ought to be baptiz$ b once4 ,b a man does n receive ,*ri/'s "* 9 ?is sacram5t2 ,he receives ,*ri/ ,himself1 ,^: virtue endures = ev]4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,heb4 #aj3ad73 ,by "o oblation ,he ha? p]fect$ = ev] !m t are sanctifi$4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce man has daily ne$ ( ,*ri/'s heal?-giv+ virtue1 he may comm5dably receive ?is sacram5t e day4 ,& s9ce ,baptism is above all a spiritual reg5]ation1 !re=e1 z a man is born naturally b once1 s ought he by ,baptism to be reborn spiritually b once1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xi 9 ,joan471 comm5t+ on ,john #c3d1 ,h[ c a man be born aga91 :5 he is gr[n old8 ,b ?is sacram5t is spiritual food2 h5ce1 j z bodily food is tak5 e day1 s is x a good ?+ to receive ?is sacram5t e day4 ,h5ce x is t our ,"l 7,luke #aa3c71 tea*es u to pray1 ,give u ?is day our daily bread3 9 expla9+ :i* words ,augu/9e obs]ves 7,de ,v]b4 ,dom41 ,s]m4 xxviii73 ,if y receive x1 i4e4 ?is sacram5t1 e day1 e day is today = !e1 & ,*ri/ rises aga9 e day 9 !e1 = :5 ,*ri/ rise? x is today4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! ,pas*al ,lamb 0 ! figure ( ?is sacram5t *iefly z to ,*ri/'s ,passion repres5t$ !re92 & !re=e x 0 p>tak5 ( once a ye> only1 s9ce ,*ri/ di$ b once4 ,& on ?is acc\nt ! ,*ur* celebrates once a ye> ! remembrance ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,b 9 ?is sacram5t ! memorial ( ,8 ,passion is giv5 by way ( food :i* is p>tak5 ( daily2 & !re=e 9 ?is respect x is repres5t$ by ! manna :i* 0 giv5 daily to ! p 9 ! des]t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,rev]5ce = ?is sacram5t consi/s 9 fe> associat$ ) love2 consequ5tly rev]5tial fe> ( ,god is call$ filial fe>1 z 0 said 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #fg1 ,a4 #d1 ad #b2 ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #ai1 ,,aa4 #i1 #aa1 #ab72 because ! desire ( receiv+ arises f love1 :ile ! humility ( rev]5ce spr+s f fe>4 ,consequ5tly1 ea* ( ^! belongs to ! rev]5ce due to ?is sacram5t2 bo? z to receiv+ x daily1 & z to refra9+ f x sometimes4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,ep4 liv73 ,if "o says t ! ,eu*>i/ %\ld n be receiv$ daily1 :ile ano!r ma9ta9s ! contr>y1 let ea* "o d z accord+ to 8 devotion he ?9ke? "r2 = ,zac*eus & ! ,c5turion did n contradict "o ano!r :ile ! "o receiv$ ! ,"l ) joy1 :]eas ! o!r said3 ',"l ,i am n wor?y t ,?\ %\ld/ ent] "u my ro('2 s9ce bo? honor$ our ,savi\r1 ?\gh n 9 ! same way4 ,b love & hope1 :]eunto ! ,scriptures con/antly urge u1 are pref]able to fe>4 ,h5ce1 too1 :5 ,pet] _h said1 ,dep>t f me1 = ,i am a s9ful man1 ,o ,"l1 ,jesus answ]$3 ,fe> n4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,because our ,"l said 7,luke #aa3c71 ,give u ?is day our daily bread1 we are n on t acc\nt to communicate sev]al times daily1 =1 by "o daily communion ! unity ( ,*ri/'s ,passion is set =?4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,v>i\s /atutes h emanat$ accord+ to ! v>i\s ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! primitive ,*ur*1 :5 ! devotion ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 0 m fl\ri%+1 x 0 enact$ t ! fai?ful %\ld communicate daily3 h5ce ,pope ,anaclete says 7,ep4 i73 ,:5 ! consecration is f9i%$1 let all communicate :o d n wi% to cut !mselves (f f ! ,*ur*2 = s ! apo/les h orda9$1 & ! holy ,roman ,*ur* holds4 ,lat] on1 :5 ! f]vor ( fai? relax$1 ,pope ,fabian 7,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,t\rs1 ,canon #a7 gave p]mission t all %\ld communicate1 if n m frequ5tly1 at lea/ ?ree times 9 ! ye>1 namely1 at ,ea/]1 ,p5teco/1 & ,*ri/mas4 ,pope ,sot] likewise 7,second ,c\ncil ( ,*alon1 ,canon xlvii7 decl>es t ,communion %\ld be receiv$ on ,holy ,?ursday1 z is set =? 9 ! ,decretals 7,de ,consecratione1 di/4 #b74 ,lat] on1 :5 iniquity ab\nd$ & *>ity grew cold 7,matt4 #bd3ab71 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii comm&$ t ! fai?ful %\ld communicate at lea/ once a ye>1 namely1 at ,ea/]4 ,h[ev]1 9 ,de ,eccles4 ,dogmat4 xxiii1 ! fai?ful are c\nsel$ to communicate on all ,sundays4 ,,elev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #aa ,:e!r ,x ,is ,lawful to ,ab/a9 ,altoge!r f ,communion8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems to be lawful to ab/a9 altoge!r f ,communion4 ,because ! ,c5turion is prais$ = say+ 7,matt4 #h3h73 ,"l1 ,i am n wor?y t ,?\ %\ld/ ent] "u my ro(2 & he :o deems t he ought to refra9 entirely f ,communion c be comp>$ to ! ,c5turion1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #aj1 ad #c74 ,!re=e1 s9ce we d n read ( ,*ri/ ent]+ 8 h\se1 x seems to be lawful = any individual to ab/a9 f ,communion 8 :ole life long4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is lawful = anyone to refra9 f :at is n ( necessity = salvation4 ,b ?is sacram5t is n ( necessity = salvation1 z 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #c74 ,!re=e x is p]missible to ab/a9 f ,communion altoge!r4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 s9n]s are n b\nd to g to ,communion3 h5ce ,pope ,fabian 7,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,t\rs1 ,canon #a7 aft] say+1 ,let all communicate ?rice ea* ye>1 adds3 ,except ^? :o are h9d]$ by griev\s crimes4 ,consequ5tly1 if ^? :o are n 9 ! /ate ( s9 are b\nd to g to ,communion1 x seems t s9n]s are bett] (f ?an good p1 :i* is unfitt+4 ,!re=e1 x seems lawful ev5 = ! godly to refra9 f ,communion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,our ,"l said 7,john #f3ed73 ,except ye eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man1 & dr9k ,8 blood1 y %all n h life 9 y4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 !re are two ways ( receiv+ ?is sacram5t namely1 spiritually & sacram5tally4 ,n[ x is cle> t all are b\nd to eat x at lea/ spiritually1 because ?is is to be incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #c1 ad #a74 ,n[ spiritual eat+ comprises ! desire or ye>n+ = receiv+ ?is sacram5t1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a1 ad #c1 ,a4 #b74 ,!re=e1 a man _c be sav$ )\t desir+ to receive ?is sacram5t4 ,n[ a desire w\ld be va9 except x 7 fulfill$ :5 opportunity pres5t$ itself4 ,consequ5tly1 x is evid5t t a man is b\nd to receive ?is sacram5t1 n only by virtue ( ! ,*ur*'s precept1 b also by virtue ( ! ,"l's comm& 7,luke #bb3ai73 ,d ?is 9 memory ( ,me4 ,b by ! precept ( ! ,*ur* !re are fix$ times = fulfill+ ,*ri/'s comm&4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,gregory says3 ,he is truly humble1 :o is n ob/9ate 9 reject+ :at is comm&$ = 8 good4 ,consequ5tly1 humility is n praisewor?y if anyone ab/a9s altoge!r f ,communion aga9/ ! precept ( ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*4 ,aga9 ! ,c5turion 0 n comm&$ to receive ,*ri/ into 8 h\se4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is sacram5t is said n to be z necess>y z ,baptism1 ) reg>d to *ildr51 :o c be sav$ )\t ! ,eu*>i/1 b n )\t ! sacram5t ( ,baptism3 bo?1 h[ev]1 are ( necessity ) reg>d to adults4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,s9n]s suff] great loss 9 be+ kept back f receiv+ ?is sacram5t1 s t !y are n bett] (f on t acc\nt2 & al?\gh :ile cont9u+ 9 _! s9s !y are n on t acc\nt excus$ f transgress+ ! precept1 nev]!less1 z ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii says1 p5it5ts1 :o refra9 on ! advice ( _! prie/1 are excus$4 ,,twelf? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hj1 ,art4 #ab ,:e!r ,x ,is ,lawful to ,receive ! ,body ( ,*ri/ ,)\t ! ,blood8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems unlawful to receive ! body ( ,*ri/ )\t ! blood4 ,= ,pope ,gelasius says 7cf4 ,de ,consecr4 ii73 ,we h le>n$ t "s p]sons aft] tak+ only a portion ( ! sacr$ body1 ab/a9 f ! *alice ( ! sacr$ blood4 ,i "k n = :at sup]/iti\s motive !y d ?is3 !re=e let !m ei!r receive ! entire sacram5t1 or let !m be )held f ! sacram5t altoge!r4 ,!re=e x is n lawful to receive ! body ( ,*ri/ )\t ,8 blood4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! eat+ ( ! body & ! dr9k+ ( ! blood are requir$ = ! p]fection ( ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #b2 ,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #b1 ad #a74 ,consequ5tly1 if ! body be tak5 )\t ! blood1 x w be an imp]fect sacram5t1 :i* seems to savor ( sacrilege2 h5ce ,pope ,gelasius adds 7cf4 ,de ,consecr4 ii71 because ! divid+ ( "o & ! same my/]y _c happ5 )\t a great sacrilege4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is celebrat$ 9 memory ( our ,"l's ,passion1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,,aa4 #d1 #e2 ,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a71 & is receiv$ = ! heal? ( s\l4 ,b ! ,passion is express$ 9 ! blood r ?an 9 ! body2 moreov]1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a71 ! blood is (f]$ = ! heal? ( ! s\l4 ,consequ5tly1 "o ought to refra9 f receiv+ ! body r ?an ! blood4 ,!re=e1 su* z approa* ?is sacram5t ought n to take ,*ri/'s body )\t ,8 blood4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is ! cu/om ( _m *ur*es = ! body ( ,*ri/ to be giv5 to ! communicant )\t ,8 blood4 ,i answ] t1 ,two po9ts %\ld be obs]v$ reg>d+ ! use ( ?is sacram5t1 "o on ! "p ( ! sacram5t1 ! o!r on ! "p ( ! recipi5ts2 on ! "p ( ! sacram5t x is prop] = bo? ! body & ! blood to be receiv$1 s9ce ! p]fection ( ! sacram5t lies 9 bo?1 & consequ5tly1 s9ce x is ! prie/'s duty bo? to consecrate & f9i% ! sacram5t1 he ought on no acc\nt to receive ,*ri/'s body )\t ! blood4 ,b on ! "p ( ! recipi5t ! greate/ rev]5ce & caution are call$ =1 le/ any?+ happ5 :i* is unwor?y ( s great a my/]y4 ,n[ ?is c\ld especially happ5 9 receiv+ ! blood1 =1 if incauti\sly h&l$1 x might easily be spilt4 ,& because ! multitude ( ! ,*ri/ian p increas$1 9 :i* !re are old1 "y1 & *ildr51 "s ( :om h n en\gh discretion to obs]ve due caution 9 us+ ?is sacram5t1 on t acc\nt x is a prud5t cu/om 9 "s *ur*es = ! blood n to be (f]$ to ! reception ( ! p1 b to be receiv$ by ! prie/ alone4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,pope ,gelasius is speak+ ( prie/s1 :o1 z !y consecrate ! entire sacram5t1 ought to communicate 9 ! entire sacram5t4 ,=1 z we read 9 ! 7,twelf?7 ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 ,:at k9d ( a sacrifice is t1 :]e9 n ev5 ! sacrific] is kn[n to h a %>e8 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! p]fection ( ?is sacram5t does n lie 9 ! use ( ! fai?ful1 b 9 ! consecration ( ! matt]4 ,& h5ce !re is no?+ d]ogatory to ! p]fection ( ?is sacram5t2 if ! p receive ! body )\t ! blood1 provid$ t ! prie/ :o consecrates receive bo?4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,our ,"l's ,passion is repres5t$ 9 ! v consecration ( ?is sacram5t1 9 :i* ! body ought n to be consecrat$ )\t ! blood4 ,b ! body c be receiv$ by ! p )\t ! blood3 nor is ?is detrim5tal to ! sacram5t4 ,because ! prie/ bo? (f]s & consumes ! blood on behalf ( all2 & ,*ri/ is fully conta9$ "u ei!r species1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #b74 ,,"q #ha ,,( ,,! ,,use ,,:i* ,,*ri/ ,,made ,,( ,,?is ,,sacram5t ,,at ,,its ,,in/itution 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! use :i* ,*ri/ made ( ?is sacram5t at its in/itution2 "u :i* head+ !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ receiv$ ,8 own body & blood8 7#b7 ,:e!r ,he gave x to ,judas8 7#c7 ,:at k9d ( body did ,he receive or give1 namely1 0 x passible or impassible8 7#d7 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! condition ( ,*ri/'s body "u ?is sacram5t1 if x _h be5 res]v$ or consecrat$ dur+ ! ?ree days ,he lay dead8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,receiv$ ,8 ,own ,body & ,blood8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ did n receive ,8 own body & blood1 because no?+ ought to be ass]t$ ( ei!r ,*ri/'s do+s or say+s1 :i* is n h&$ d[n by ! au?ority ( ,sacr$ ,scripture4 ,b x is n n>rat$ 9 ! gospels t ,he ate ,8 own body or drank ,8 own blood4 ,!re=e we mu/ n ass]t ?is z a fact4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no?+ c be )9 itself except p]*ance by reason ( its p>ts1 = in/ance1 z "o "p is 9 ano!r1 z is /at$ 9 ,phys4 iv4 ,b :at is eat5 & drunk is 9 ! eat] & dr9k]4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! entire ,*ri/ is "u ea* species ( ! sacram5t1 x seems impossible = ,him to h receiv$ ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t is tw(old1 namely1 spiritual & sacram5tal4 ,b ! spiritual 0 unsuitable = ,*ri/1 z ,he d]iv$ no b5efit f ! sacram5t2 & 9 consequ5ce s 0 ! sacram5tal1 s9ce x is imp]fect )\t ! spiritual1 z 0 obs]v$ above 7,q4 #hj1 ,a4 #a74 ,consequ5tly1 9 no way did ,*ri/ p>take ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,j]ome says 7,ad ,h$ib41 ,ep4 xxx71 ,! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,himself ! gue/ & banquet1 is bo? ! p>tak] & :at is eat54 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h said t ,*ri/ dur+ ! supp] gave ,8 body & blood to ,8 disciples1 b did n p>take ( x ,himself4 ,b ?is seems improbable4 ,because ,*ri/ ,himself 0 ! fir/ to fulfill :at ,he requir$ o!rs to obs]ve3 h5ce ,he will$ fir/ to be baptiz$ :5 impos+ ,baptism ^u o!rs3 z we read 9 ,acts #a3a3 ,jesus began to d & to tea*4 ,h5ce ,he fir/ ( all took ,8 own body & blood1 & aft]w>ds gave x to be tak5 by ! disciples4 ,& h5ce ! gloss ^u ,ru? #c3g1 ,:5 he _h eat5 & drunk1 says3 ,*ri/ ate & drank at ! supp]1 :5 ,he gave to ! disciples ! sacram5t ( ,8 body & blood4 ,h5ce1 'because ! *ildr5 p>took 99,vulg43 'are p>tak]s' 7,heb4 #b3ad7 ( ,8 fle% & blood1 ,he also ha? be5 p>tak] 9 ! same4' ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,we read 9 ! ,gospels h[ ,*ri/ took ! bread 4 4 4 & ! *alice2 b x is n to be und]/ood t ,he took !m m]ely into ,8 h&s1 z "s say1 b t ,he took !m 9 ! same way z ,he gave !m to o!rs to take4 ,h5ce :5 ,he said to ! disciples1 ,take ye & eat1 & aga91 ,take ye & dr9k1 x is to be und]/ood t ,he ,himself1 9 tak+ x1 bo? ate & drank4 ,h5ce "s h compos$ ?is rhyme3 ,! ,k+ at supp] sits1 ,! twelve z gue/s ,he greets1 ,clasp+ ,himself 9 ,8 h&s1 ,! food ,himself n[ eats4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #e71 ,*ri/ z conta9$ "u ?is sacram5t /&s 9 relation to place1 n accord+ to ,8 own dim5sions1 b accord+ to ! dim5sions ( ! sacram5tal species2 s t ,*ri/ is ,himself 9 e place :]e ^? species are4 ,& because ! species 7 able to be bo? 9 ! h&s & ! m\? ( ,*ri/1 ! entire ,*ri/ c\ld be 9 bo? ,8 h&s & m\?4 ,n[ ?is c\ld n come to pass 7 ,8 relation to place to be accord+ to ,8 prop] dim5sions4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #gi1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b71 ! effect ( ?is sacram5t is n m]ely an increase ( habitual grace1 b fur!rmore a c]ta9 actual delectation ( spiritual sweetness4 ,b al?\gh grace 0 n increas$ 9 ,*ri/ ?r\gh ,8 receiv+ ?is sacram5t1 yet ,he _h a c]ta9 spiritual delectation f ! new in/itution ( ?is sacram5t4 ,h5ce ,he ,himself said 7,luke #bb3ae73 ,) desire ,i h desir$ to eat ?is ,pas* ) y1 :i* words ,eusebius expla9s ( ! new my/]y ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* ,he gave to ! disciples4 ,& !re=e ,he ate x bo? spiritually & sacram5tally1 inasmu* z ,he receiv$ ,8 own body "u ! sacram5t :i* sacram5t ( ,8 own body ,he bo? und]/ood & prep>$2 yet diff]5tly f o!rs :o p>take ( x bo? sacram5tally & spiritually1 = ^! receive an increase ( grace1 & !y h ne$ ( ! sacram5tal signs = p]ceiv+ its tru?4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,gave ,8 ,body to ,judas8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ did n give ,8 body to ,judas4 ,because1 z we read 7,matt4 #bf3bi71 our ,"l1 aft] giv+ ,8 body & blood to ! disciples1 said to !m3 ,i w n dr9k f h5ce=? ( ?is fruit ( ! v9e1 until t day :5 ,i %all dr9k x ) y new 9 ! k+dom ( ,my ,fa!r4 ,f ?is x appe>s t ^? to :om ,he _h giv5 ,8 body & blood 7 to dr9k ( x aga9 ) ,him4 ,b ,judas did n dr9k ( x aft]w>ds ) ,him4 ,!re=e he did n receive ,*ri/'s body & blood ) ! o!r disciples4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at ! ,"l comm&$1 ,he ,himself fulfill$1 z is said 9 ,acts #a3a3 ,jesus began to d & to tea*4 ,b ,he gave ! comm& 7,matt4 #g3f73 ,give n t :i* is holy to dogs4 ,!re=e1 kn[+ ,judas to be a s9n]1 seem+ly ,he did n give him ,8 body & blood4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is di/9ctly relat$ 7,john #ac3bf7 t ,*ri/ gave dipp$ bread to ,judas4 ,consequ5tly1 if ,he gave ,8 body to him1 x appe>s t ,he gave x him 9 ! morsel1 especially s9ce we read 7,john #ac3bf7 t aft] ! morsel1 ,satan ent]$ into him4 ,& on ?is passage ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxii 9 ,joan473 ,f ?is we le>n h[ we %\ld bew>e ( receiv+ a good ?+ 9 an evil way 4 4 4 ,= if he be '*a/is$' :o does 'n disc]n1' i4e4 di/+ui%1 ! body ( ! ,"l f o!r meats1 h[ mu/ he be 'condemn$' :o1 feign+ himself a fri5d1 comes to ,8 table a foe8 ,b 7,judas7 did n receive our ,"l's body ) ! dipp$ morsel2 ?us ,augu/9e comm5t+ on ,john #ac3bf1 ,:5 ,he _h dipp$ ! bread1 ,he gave x to ,judas1 ! son ( ,simon ! ,isc>iot ,vulg43 'to ,judas ,isc>iot1 ! son ( ,simon'1 says 7,tract4 lxii 9 ,joan473 ,judas did n receive ,*ri/'s body !n1 z "s ?9k :o read c>elessly4 ,!re=e x seems t ,judas did n receive ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ryso/om says 7,hom4 lxxxii 9 ,mat?473 ,judas 0 n conv]t$ :ile p>tak+ ( ! sacr$ my/]ies3 h5ce on bo? sides 8 crime becomes ! m he9\s1 bo? because imbu$ ) su* a purpose he approa*$ ! my/]ies1 & because he became none ! bett] = approa*+1 nei!r f fe>1 nor f ! b5efit receiv$1 nor f ! honor conf]r$ on him4 ,i answ] t1 ,hil>y1 9 comm5t+ on ,matt4 #bf3ag1 held t ,*ri/ did n give ,8 body & blood to ,judas4 ,& ?is w\ld h be5 q prop]1 if ! malice ( ,judas be consid]$4 ,b s9ce ,*ri/ 0 to s]ve u z a patt]n ( ju/ice1 x 0 n 9 keep+ ) ,8 tea*+ au?ority to sev] ,judas1 a hidd5 s9n]1 f ,communion ) ! o!rs )\t an accus] & evid5t pro(2 le/ ! ,*ur*'s prelates might h an example = do+ ! l1 & le/ ,judas himself be+ exasp]at$ might take occasion ( s9n+4 ,!re=e1 x rema9s to be said t ,judas receiv$ our ,"l's body & blood ) ! o!r disciples1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii71 & ,augu/9e 7,tract4 lxii 9 ,joan474 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is is ,hil>y's argum5t1 to %[ t ,judas did n receive ,*ri/'s body4 ,b x is n cog5t2 because ,*ri/ is speak+ to ! disciples1 f ^: company ,judas sep>at$ himself3 & x 0 n ,*ri/ t exclud$ him4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ = ,8 "p dr9ks ! w9e ev5 ) ,judas 9 ! k+dom ( ,god2 b ,judas himself repudiat$ ?is banquet4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! wick$ness ( ,judas 0 kn[n to ,*ri/ z ,god2 b x 0 unkn[n to ,him1 aft] ! mann] 9 :i* m5 "k x4 ,consequ5tly1 ,*ri/ did n repel ,judas f ,communion2 s z to furni% an example t su* secret s9n]s are n to be repell$ by o!r prie/s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,)\t any d\bt ,judas did n receive ,*ri/'s body 9 ! dipp$ bread2 he receiv$ m]e bread4 ,yet z ,augu/9e obs]ves 7,tract4 lxii 9 ,joan471 p]*ance ! feign+ ( ,judas is d5ot$ by ! dipp+ ( ! bread2 j z "s ?+s are dipp$ to be dy$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! dipp+ signifies "h any?+ good 7= in/ance1 ! sweetness ( ! ,div9e goodness1 s9ce bread is r5d]$ m savory by be+ dipp$71 !n1 n undes]v$ly1 did condemnation foll[ 8 +ratitude = t same good4 ,& ow+ to t +ratitude1 :at is good became evil to him1 z happ5s to !m :o receive ,*ri/'s body unwor?ily4 ,& z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxii 9 ,joan471 x mu/ be und]/ood t our ,"l _h already di/ribut$ ! sacram5t ( ,8 body & blood to all ,8 disciples1 among :om 0 ,judas also1 z ,luke n>rates3 & aft] t1 we came to ?is1 :]e1 accord+ to ! relation ( ,john1 our ,"l1 by dipp+ & h&+ ! morsel1 does mo/ op5ly decl>e ,8 betray]4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,receiv$ & ,gave to ! ,disciples ,8 ,impassible ,body8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ bo? receiv$ & gave to ! disciples ,8 impassible body4 ,because on ,matt4 #ag3b1 ,he 0 transfigur$ be=e !m1 ! gloss says3 ,he gave to ! disciples at ! supp] t body :i* ,he _h ?r\gh nature1 b nei!r mortal nor passible4 ,& aga91 on ,lev4 #b3e1 if ?y oblation be f ! fry+-pan1 ! gloss says3 ,! ,cross mighti] ?an all ?+s made ,*ri/'s fle% fit = be+ eat51 :i* be=e ! ,passion did n seem s suit$4 ,b ,*ri/ gave ,8 body z suit$ = eat+4 ,!re=e ,he gave x j z x 0 aft] ! ,passion1 t is1 impassible & immortal4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 e passible body suff]s by contact & by be+ eat54 ,consequ5tly1 if ,*ri/'s body 0 passible1 x w\ld h suff]$ bo? f contact & f be+ eat5 by ! disciples4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5tal words n[ spok5 by ! prie/ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/ are n m p[]ful ?an :5 utt]$ by ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,b n[ by virtue ( ! sacram5tal words x is ,*ri/'s impassible & immortal body :i* is consecrat$ ^u ! alt>4 ,!re=e1 mu* m s 0 x !n4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z ,innoc5t ,,iii says 7,de ,sacr4 ,alt4 ,my/4 iv71 ,he be/[$ on ! disciples ,8 body su* z x 04 ,b !n ,he _h a passible & a mortal body4 ,!re=e1 ,he gave a passible & mortal body to ! disciples4 ,i answ] t1 ,hugh ( ,sa9t ,victor 7,innoc5t ,,iii1 ,de ,sacr4 ,alt4 ,my/4 iv71 ma9ta9$1 t be=e ! ,passion1 ,*ri/ assum$ at v>i\s times ! f\r prop]ties ( a glorifi$ body--namely1 subtlety 9 ,8 bir?1 :5 ,he came =? f ! clos$ womb ( ! ,virg92 agility1 :5 ,he walk$ dry%od ^u ! sea2 cl>ity1 9 ! ,transfiguration2 & impassibility at ! ,la/ ,supp]1 :5 ,he gave ,8 body to ! disciples to be eat54 ,& accord+ to ?is ,he gave ,8 body 9 an impassible & immortal condition to ,8 disciples4 ,b :atev] may be ! case t\*+ ! o!r qualities1 conc]n+ :i* we h already /at$ :at %\ld be held 7,q4 #bh1 ,a4 #b1 ad #c2 ,q4 #de1 ,a4 #b71 nev]!less ! above op9ion reg>d+ impassibility is inadmissible4 ,= x is manife/ t ! same body ( ,*ri/ :i* 0 !n se5 by ! disciples 9 its own species1 0 receiv$ by !m "u ! sacram5tal species4 ,b z se5 9 its own species x 0 n impassible2 nay m1 x 0 ready = ! ,passion4 ,!re=e1 nei!r 0 ,*ri/'s body impassible :5 giv5 "u ! sacram5tal species4 ,yet !re 0 pres5t 9 ! sacram5t1 9 an impassible mann]1 t :i* 0 passible ( itself2 j z t 0 !re invisibly :i* ( itself 0 visible4 ,= z sight requires t ! body se5 be 9 contact ) ! adjac5t m$ium ( sight1 s does passion require contact ( ! suff]+ body ) ! active ag5ts4 ,b ,*ri/'s body1 accord+ z x is "u ! sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b2 ,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #e71 is n comp>$ ) its surr\nd+s ?r\gh ! int]m$i>y ( its own dim5sions1 :]eby bodies t\* ea* o!r1 b ?r\gh ! dim5sions ( ! bread & w9e2 consequ5tly1 x is ^? species :i* are act$ ^u & are se51 b n ,*ri/'s own body4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/ is said n to h giv5 ,8 mortal & passible body at ! supp]1 because ,he did n give x 9 mortal & passible fa%ion4 ,b ! ,cross made ,8 fle% adapt$ = eat+1 inasmu* z ?is sacram5t repres5ts ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t w\ld hold1 if ,*ri/'s body1 z x 0 passible1 7 also pres5t 9 a passible mann] 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #d71 ! accid5ts ( ,*ri/'s body are 9 ?is sacram5t by real concomitance1 b n by ! p[] ( ! sacram5t1 :]eby ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body comes to be !re4 ,& !re=e ! p[] ( ! sacram5tal words ext5ds to ?is1 t ! body1 i4e4 ,*ri/'s1 is "u ?is sacram5t1 :atev] accid5ts really exi/ 9 x4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ha1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r1 ,if ,?is ,sacram5t ,_h ,be5 ,res]v$ 9 a ,pyx1 or ,consecrat$ at ! ,mom5t ( ,*ri/'s ,dea? by ,"o ( ! ,apo/les1 ,*ri/ ,himself ,w\ld ,h ,di$ ,!re8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t if ?is sacram5t _h be5 res]v$ 9 a pyx at ! mom5t ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 or _h !n be5 consecrat$ by "o ( ! apo/les1 t ,*ri/ w\ld n h di$ !re4 ,= ,*ri/'s dea? happ5$ ?r\gh ,8 ,passion4 ,b ev5 !n ,he 0 9 ?is sacram5t 9 an impassible mann]4 ,!re=e1 ,he c\ld n die 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 on ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 ,8 blood 0 sep>at$ f ! body4 ,b ,8 fle% & blood are toge!r 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e ,he c\ld n die 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 dea? ensues f ! sep>ation ( ! s\l f ! body4 ,b bo? ! body & ! s\l ( ,*ri/ are conta9$ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ c\ld n die 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! same ,*ri/ ,:o 0 ^u ! cross w\ld h be5 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,b ,he di$ ^u ! cross4 ,!re=e1 if ?is sacram5t _h be5 res]v$1 ,he w\ld h di$ !re94 ,i answ] t1 ,*ri/'s body is sub/antially ! same 9 ?is sacram5t1 z 9 its prop] species1 b n aft] ! same fa%ion2 because 9 its prop] species x comes 9 contact ) surr\nd+ bodies by its own dim5sions3 b x does n d s z x is 9 ?is sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,& !re=e1 all t belongs to ,*ri/1 z ,he is 9 ,himself1 c be attribut$ to ,him bo? 9 ,8 prop] species1 & z ,he exi/s 9 ! sacram5t2 su* z to live1 to die1 to grieve1 to be animate or inanimate1 & ! l2 :ile all t belongs to ,him 9 relation to outw>d bodies1 c be attribut$ to ,him z ,he exi/s 9 ,8 prop] species1 b n z ,he is 9 ?is sacram5t2 su* z to be mock$1 to be spat ^u1 to be crucifi$1 to be sc\rg$1 & ! re/4 ,h5ce "s h compos$ ?is v]se3 ,our ,"l c grieve b5ea? ! sacram5tal veils ,b _c feel ! pi]c+ ( ! ?orns & nails4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z 0 /at$ above1 suff]+ belongs to a body t suff]s 9 respect ( "s extr9sic body4 ,& !re=e ,*ri/1 z 9 ?is sacram5t1 _c suff]2 yet ,he c die4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #b71 9 virtue ( ! consecration1 ! body ( ,*ri/ is "u ! species ( bread1 :ile ,8 blood is "u ! species ( w9e4 ,b n[ t ,8 blood is n really sep>at$ f ,8 body2 by real concomitance1 bo? ,8 blood is pres5t ) ! body "u ! species ( ! bread1 & ,8 body toge!r ) ! blood "u ! species ( ! w9e4 ,b at ! "t :5 ,*ri/ suff]$1 :5 ,8 blood 0 really sep>at$ f ,8 body1 if ?is sacram5t _h be5 consecrat$1 !n ! body only w\ld h be5 pres5t "u ! species ( ! bread1 & ! blood only "u ! species ( ! w9e4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z 0 obs]v$ above 7,q4 #gf1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a71 ,*ri/'s s\l is 9 ?is sacram5t by real concomitance2 because x is n )\t ! body3 b x is n !re 9 virtue ( ! consecration4 ,& !re=e1 if ?is sacram5t _h be5 consecrat$ !n1 or res]v$1 :5 ,8 s\l 0 really sep>at$ f ,8 body1 ,*ri/'s s\l w\ld n h be5 "u ?is sacram5t1 n f any defect 9 ! =m ( ! words1 b ow+ to ! diff]5t dispositions ( ! ?+ conta9$4 ,,"q #hb ,,( ,,! ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,?is ,,sacram5t 7,9 ,t5 ,articles7 ,we n[ proce$ to consid] ! m9i/] ( ?is sacram5t3 "u :i* head !re are t5 po9ts = our inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r x belongs to a prie/ alone to consecrate ?is sacram5t8 7#b7 ,:e!r sev]al prie/s c at ! same "t consecrate ! same ho/8 7#c7 ,:e!r x belongs to ! prie/ alone to disp5se ?is sacram5t8 7#d7 ,:e!r x is lawful = ! prie/ consecrat+ to refra9 f communicat+8 7#e7 ,:e!r a prie/ 9 s9 c p]=m ?is sacram5t8 7#f7 ,:e!r ! ,mass ( a wick$ prie/ is ( less value ?an t ( a good "o8 7#g7 ,:e!r ^? :o are h]etics1 s*ismatics1 or excommunicat$1 c p]=m ?is sacram5t8 7#h7 ,:e!r degrad$ prie/s c d s8 7#i7 ,:e!r communicants receiv+ at _! h&s are guilty ( s9n+8 7#aj7 ,:e!r a prie/ may lawfully refra9 altoge!r f celebrat+8 99,?is is ! ord] obs]v$ by ,/4 ,?omas 9 writ+ ! ,articles2 b 9 writ+ ?is prologue1 he plac$ ,article #aj imm$iately aft] ,article #d 7,cf4 ,leon9e edition74 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,consecration ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,belongs to a ,prie/ ,alone8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! consecration ( ?is sacram5t does n belong exclusively to a prie/4 ,because x 0 said above 7,q4 #gh1 ,a4 #d7 t ?is sacram5t is consecrat$ 9 virtue ( ! words1 :i* are ! =m ( ?is sacram5t4 ,b ^? words are n *ang$1 :e!r spok5 by a prie/ or by anyone else4 ,!re=e1 x seems t n only a prie/1 b anyone else1 c consecrate ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/ p]=ms ?is sacram5t 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,b a dev\t layman is unit$ ) ,*ri/ ?r\gh *>ity4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ev5 a layman c p]=m ?is sacram5t4 ,h5ce ,*ryso/om 7,opus imp]fectum 9 ,mat?41 ,hom4 xliii7 says t e holy man is a prie/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,baptism is orda9$ = ! salvation ( mank9d1 s also is ?is sacram5t1 z is cle> f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #gi1 ,a4 #b74 ,b a layman c also baptize1 z 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #fg1 ,a4 #c74 ,consequ5tly1 ! consecration ( ?is sacram5t is n prop] to a prie/4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is complet$ 9 ! consecration ( ! matt]4 ,b ! consecration ( o!r matt]s su* z ! *rism1 ! holy oil1 & bless$ oil1 belongs exclusively to a bi%op2 yet _! consecration does n equal ! dignity ( ! consecration ( ! ,eu*>i/1 9 :i* ! entire ,*ri/ is conta9$4 ,!re=e x belongs1 n to a prie/1 b only to a bi%op1 to p]=m ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,isidore says 9 an ,epi/le to ,ludifr$ 7,decretals1 di/4 #be73 ,x belongs to a prie/ to consecrate ?is sacram5t ( ! ,"l's body & blood ^u ,god's alt>4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #gh1 ,,aa4 #a1 #d71 su* is ! dignity ( ?is sacram5t t x is p]=m$ only z 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ :oev] p]=ms any act 9 ano!r's /ead1 mu/ d s by ! p[] be/[$ by su* a "o4 ,b z ! p[] ( receiv+ ?is sacram5t is conc$$ by ,*ri/ to ! baptiz$ p]son1 s likewise ! p[] ( consecrat+ ?is sacram5t on ,*ri/'s behalf is be/[$ ^u ! prie/ at 8 ord9ation3 = !reby he is put ^u a level ) !m to :om ! ,"l said 7,luke #bb3ai73 ,d ?is = a commemoration ( ,me4 ,!re=e1 x mu/ be said t x belongs to prie/s to accompli% ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! sacram5tal p[] is 9 sev]al ?+s1 & n m]ely 9 "o3 ?us ! p[] ( ,baptism lies bo? 9 ! words & 9 ! wat]4 ,accord+ly ! consecrat+ p[] is n m]ely 9 ! words1 b likewise 9 ! p[] deliv]$ to ! prie/ 9 8 consecration & ord9ation1 :5 ! bi%op says to him3 ,receive ! p[] ( (f]+ up ! ,sacrifice 9 ! ,*ur* = ! liv+ z well z = ! dead4 ,= in/rum5tal p[] lies 9 sev]al in/rum5ts ?r\gh :i* ! *ief ag5t acts4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,a dev\t layman is unit$ ) ,*ri/ by spiritual union ?r\gh fai? & *>ity1 b n by sacram5tal p[]3 consequ5tly he has a spiritual prie/hood = (f]+ spiritual sacrifices1 ( :i* x is said 7,ps4 #a3ai73 ,a sacrifice to ,god is an afflict$ _s2 & 7,rom4 #ab3a73 ,pres5t y\r bodies a liv+ sacrifice4 ,h5ce1 too1 x is writt5 7#a ,pet4 #b3e73 ,a holy prie/hood1 to (f] up spiritual sacrifices4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! receiv+ ( ?is sacram5t is n ( su* necessity z ! receiv+ ( ,baptism1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #c1 #d2 ,q4 #hj1 ,a4 #aa1 ad #b74 ,& !re=e1 al?\gh a layman c baptize 9 case ( necessity1 he _c p]=m ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! bi%op receives p[] to act on ,*ri/'s behalf ^u ,8 my/ical body1 t is1 ^u ! ,*ur*2 b ! prie/ receives no su* p[] 9 8 consecration1 al?\gh he may h x by commission f ! bi%op4 ,consequ5tly all su* ?+s z d n belong to ! my/ical body are n res]v$ to ! bi%op1 su* z ! consecration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,b x belongs to ! bi%op to deliv]1 n only to ! p1 b likewise to prie/s1 su* ?+s z s]ve !m 9 ! fulfillm5t ( _! respective duties4 ,& because ! bless+ ( ! *rism1 & ( ! holy oil1 & ( ! oil ( ! sick1 & o!r consecrat$ ?+s1 su* z alt>s1 *ur*es1 ve/m5ts1 & sacr$ vessels1 makes su* ?+s fit = use 9 p]=m+ ! sacram5ts :i* belong to ! prie/ly duty1 !re=e su* consecrations are res]v$ to ! bi%op z ! head ( ! :ole ecclesia/ical ord]4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,sev]al ,prie/s ,c ,consecrate ,"o & ! ,same ,ho/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t sev]al prie/s _c consecrate "o & ! same ho/4 ,= x 0 said above 7,q4 #fg1 ,a4 #f71 t sev]al _c at ! same "t baptize "o individual4 ,b ! p[] ( a prie/ consecrat+ is n less ?an t ( a man baptiz+4 ,!re=e1 sev]al prie/s _c consecrate "o ho/ at ! same "t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 :at c be done by "o1 is sup]flu\sly done by sev]al4 ,b !re ought to be no?+ sup]flu\s 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,s9ce1 !n1 "o is suffici5t = consecrat+1 x seems t sev]al _c consecrate "o ho/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 xxvi 9 ,joan471 ?is is ! sacram5t ( unity4 ,b multitude seems to be oppos$ to unity4 ,!re=e x seems inconsi/5t ) ! sacram5t = sev]al prie/s to consecrate ! same ho/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is ! cu/om ( "s ,*ur*es = prie/s newly orda9$ to co-celebrate ) ! bi%op orda9+ !m4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 :5 a prie/ is orda9$ he is plac$ on a level ) ^? :o receiv$ consecrat+ p[] f our ,"l at ! ,supp]4 ,& !re=e1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( "s ,*ur*es1 z ! apo/les supp$ :5 ,*ri/ supp$1 s ! newly orda9$ co-celebrate ) ! orda9+ bi%op4 ,nor is ! consecration1 on t acc\nt1 repeat$ ov] ! same ho/1 because z ,innoc5t ,,iii says 7,de ,sacr4 ,alt4 ,my/4 iv71 ! int5tion ( all %\ld be direct$ to ! same in/ant ( ! consecration4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,we d n read ( ,*ri/ baptiz+ ) ! apo/les :5 ,he committ$ to !m ! duty ( baptiz+2 consequ5tly !re is no p>allel4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,if ea* individual prie/ 7 act+ 9 8 own p[]1 !n o!r celebrants w\ld be sup]flu\s1 s9ce "o w\ld be suffici5t4 ,b :]eas ! prie/ does n consecrate except z 9 ,*ri/'s /ead2 & s9ce _m are "o 9 ,*ri/ 7,gal4 #c3bh72 consequ5tly x does n matt] :e!r ?is sacram5t be consecrat$ by "o or by _m1 except t ! rite ( ! ,*ur* mu/ be obs]v$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,eu*>i/ is ! sacram5t ( ecclesia/ical unity1 :i* is br\ght ab\t by _m be+ "o 9 ,*ri/4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,disp5s+ ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,belongs to a ,prie/ ,alone8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! disp5s+ ( ?is sacram5t does n belong to a prie/ alone4 ,= ,*ri/'s blood belongs to ?is sacram5t no less ?an ,8 body4 ,b ,*ri/'s blood is disp5s$ by deacons3 h5ce ! bless$ ,lawr5ce said to ! bless$ ,sixtus 7,(fice ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,resp4 at ,mat9s73 ,try :e!r y h *os5 a fit m9i/]1 to :om y h entru/$ ! disp5s+ ( ! ,"l's blood4 ,!re=e1 ) equal reason ! disp5s+ ( ,*ri/'s body does n belong to prie/s only4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 prie/s are ! appo9t$ m9i/]s ( ! sacram5ts4 ,b ?is sacram5t is complet$ 9 ! consecration ( ! matt]1 & n 9 ! use1 to :i* ! disp5s+ belongs4 ,!re=e x seems t x does n belong to a prie/ to disp5se ! ,"l's body4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii1 iv7 t ?is sacram5t1 l *rism1 has ! p[] ( p]fect+4 ,b x belongs1 n to prie/s1 b to bi%ops1 to sign ) ! *rism4 ,!re=e likewise1 to disp5se ?is sacram5t belongs to ! bi%op & n to ! prie/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 #ab73 ,x has come to our k t "s prie/s deliv] ! ,"l's body to a layman or to a woman to c>ry x to ! sick3 ,! synod !re=e =bids su* presumption to cont9ue2 & let ! prie/ himself communicate ! sick4 ,i answ] t1 ,! disp5s+ ( ,*ri/'s body belongs to ! prie/ = ?ree reasons4 ,fir/1 because1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #a71 he consecrates z 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,b z ,*ri/ consecrat$ ,8 body at ! supp]1 s also ,he gave x to o!rs to be p>tak5 ( by !m4 ,accord+ly1 z ! consecration ( ,*ri/'s body belongs to ! prie/1 s likewise does ! disp5s+ belong to him4 ,secondly1 because ! prie/ is ! appo9t$ int]m$i>y betwe5 ,god & ! p2 h5ce z x belongs to him to (f] ! p's gifts to ,god1 s x belongs to him to deliv] consecrat$ gifts to ! p4 ,?irdly1 because out ( rev]5ce t[>ds ?is sacram5t1 no?+ t\*es x1 b :at is consecrat$2 h5ce ! corporal & ! *alice are consecrat$1 & likewise ! prie/'s h&s1 = t\*+ ?is sacram5t4 ,h5ce x is n lawful = anyone else to t\* x except f necessity1 = in/ance1 if x 7 to fall ^u ! gr\nd1 or else 9 "s o!r case ( urg5cy4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! deacon1 z be+ nigh to ! prie/ly ord]1 has a c]ta9 %>e 9 ! latt]'s duties1 s t he may disp5se ! blood2 b n ! body1 except 9 case ( necessity1 at ! bidd+ ( a bi%op or ( a prie/4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ,*ri/'s blood is conta9$ 9 a vessel1 h5ce !re is no ne$ = x to be t\*$ by ! disp5s]1 z ,*ri/'s body is t\*$4 ,secondly1 because ! blood d5otes ! r$emption d]iv$ by ! p f ,*ri/2 h5ce x is t wat] is mix$ ) ! blood1 :i* wat] d5otes ! p4 ,& because deacons are betwe5 prie/ & p1 ! disp5s+ ( ! blood is 9 ! compet5cy ( deacons1 r ?an ! disp5s+ ( ! body4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,= ! reason giv5 above1 x belongs to ! same p]son to disp5se & to consecrate ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ! deacon1 9 a measure1 %>es 9 ! prie/'s p[] ( enlight5+ 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v71 inasmu* z he disp5ses ! blood1 s ! prie/ %>es 9 ! p]fective disp5s+ 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 v7 ( ! bi%op1 inasmu* z he disp5ses ?is sacram5t :]eby man is p]fect$ 9 himself by union ) ,*ri/4 ,b o!r p]fections :]eby a man is p]fect$ 9 relation to o!rs1 are res]v$ to ! bi%op4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,prie/ ,:o ,consecrates ,is ,b\nd to ,receive ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! prie/ :o consecrates is n b\nd to receive ?is sacram5t4 ,because1 9 ! o!r consecrations1 he :o consecrates ! matt] does n use x1 j z ! bi%op consecrat+ ! *rism is n ano9t$ !re)4 ,b ?is sacram5t consi/s 9 ! consecration ( ! matt]4 ,!re=e1 ! prie/ p]=m+ ?is sacram5t ne$ n use ! same1 b may lawfully refra9 f receiv+ x4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! o!r sacram5ts ! m9i/] does n give ! sacram5t to himself3 = no "o c baptize himself1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #e1 ad #d74 ,b z ,baptism is disp5s$ 9 due ord]1 s also is ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e ! prie/ :o consecrates ?is sacram5t ought n to receive x at 8 own h&s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x sometimes happ5s t ,*ri/'s body appe>s ^u ! alt> "u ! guise ( fle%1 & ! blood "u ! guise ( blood2 :i* are unsuit$ = food & dr9k3 h5ce1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #e71 x is on t acc\nt t !y are giv5 "u ano!r species1 le/ !y beget revulsion 9 ! communicants4 ,!re=e ! prie/ :o consecrates is n always b\nd to receive ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we read 9 ! acts ( ! 7,twelf?7 ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o 7,c4 v71 & aga9 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 #b73 ,x mu/ be /rictly obs]v$ t z (t5 z ! prie/ sacrifices ! body & blood ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ^u ! alt>1 he mu/ himself be a p>tak] ( ,*ri/'s body & blood4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #gi1 ,,aa4 #e1 #g71 ! ,eu*>i/ is n only a sacram5t1 b also a sacrifice4 ,n[ :oev] (f]s sacrifice mu/ be a %>] 9 ! sacrifice1 because ! outw>d sacrifice he (f]s is a sign ( ! inn] sacrifice :]eby he (f]s himself to ,god1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,civ4 ,dei x74 ,h5ce by p>tak+ ( ! sacrifice he %[s t ! inn] "o is likewise 84 ,9 ! same way also1 by disp5s+ ! sacrifice to ! p he %[s t he is ! disp5s] ( ,div9e gifts1 ( :i* he ought himself to be ! fir/ to p>take1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii74 ,consequ5tly1 he ought to receive be=e disp5s+ x to ! p4 ,accord+ly we read 9 ! *apt] m5tion$ above 7,twelf? ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 ,c4 v73 ,:at k9d ( sacrifice is t :]e9 n ev5 ! sacrific] is kn[n to h a %>e8 ,b x is by p>tak+ ( ! sacrifice t he has a %>e 9 x1 z ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #aj3ah73 ,are n !y t eat ( ! sacrifices1 p>tak]s ( ! alt>8 ,!re=e x is necess>y = ! prie/1 z (t5 z he consecrates1 to receive ?is sacram5t 9 its integrity4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! consecration ( *rism or ( any?+ else is n a sacrifice1 z ! consecration ( ! ,eu*>i/ is3 consequ5tly !re is no p>allel4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! sacram5t ( ,baptism is accompli%$ 9 ! use ( ! matt]1 & consequ5tly no "o c baptize himself1 because ! same p]son _c be active & passive 9 a sacram5t4 ,h5ce nei!r 9 ?is sacram5t does ! prie/ consecrate himself1 b he consecrates ! bread & w9e1 9 :i* consecration ! sacram5t is complet$4 ,b ! use !re( foll[s ! sacram5t1 & !re=e !re is no p>allel4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if ,*ri/'s body appe>s miracul\sly ^u ! alt> "u ! guise ( fle%1 or ! blood "u ! guise ( blood1 x is n to be receiv$4 ,= ,j]ome says ^u ,leviticus 7cf4 ,de ,consecr41 di/4 #b73 ,x is lawful to eat ( ?is sacrifice :i* is wond]fully p]=m$ 9 memory ( ,*ri/3 b x is n lawful = anyone to eat ( t "o :i* ,*ri/ (f]$ on ! alt> ( ! cross4 ,nor does ! prie/ transgress on t acc\nt1 because miracul\s ev5ts are n subject to human laws4 ,nev]!less ! prie/ w\ld be well advis$ to consecrate aga9 & receive ! ,"l's body & blood4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r a ,wick$ ,prie/ ,c ,consecrate ! ,eu*>i/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a wick$ prie/ _c consecrate ! ,eu*>i/4 ,= ,j]ome1 comm5t+ on ,sophon4 iii1 #d1 says3 ,! prie/s :o p]=m ! ,eu*>i/1 & :o di/ribute our ,"l's blood to ! p1 act wick$ly aga9/ ,*ri/'s law1 9 deem+ t ! ,eu*>i/ is consecrat$ by a pray] r ?an by a good life2 & t only ! solemn pray] is requisite1 & n ! prie/'s m]its3 ( :om x is said3 ',let n ! prie/1 9 :atev] defilem5t he may be1 approa* to (f] oblations to ! ,"l' 7,lev4 #ba3ba1 ,septuag9t74 ,b ! s9ful prie/1 be+ defil$1 has nei!r ! life nor ! m]its befitt+ ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e a s9ful prie/ _c consecrate ! ,eu*>i/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,damasc5e says 7,de ,fide ,or?4 iv7 t ! bread & w9e are *ang$ sup]naturally into ! body & blood ( our ,"l1 by ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b ,pope ,gelasius ,i says 7,ep4 ad ,elphid41 cf4 ,decret4 i1 q4 #a73 ,h[ %all ! ,holy ,_s1 :5 invok$1 come = ! consecration ( ! ,div9e ,my/]y1 if ! prie/ invok+ him be prov$ full ( guilty de$s8 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,eu*>i/ _c be consecrat$ by a wick$ prie/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ?is sacram5t is consecrat$ by ! prie/'s bless+4 ,b a s9ful prie/'s bless+ is n efficaci\s = consecrat+ ?is sacram5t1 s9ce x is writt5 7,mala*i #b3b73 ,i w curse y\r bless+s4 ,aga91 ,dionysius says 9 8 ,epi/le 7viii7 to ! monk ,demophilus3 ,he :o is n enlight5$ has completely fall5 away f ! prie/ly ord]2 & ,i wond] t su* a man d>e to employ 8 h&s 9 prie/ly actions1 & 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/ to utt]1 ov] ! ,div9e symbols1 8 unclean infamies1 = ,i w n call !m pray]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 7,pas*asius7 says 7,de ,corp4 ,dom4 xii73 ,)9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 9 ! my/]y ( ! ,"l's body & blood1 no?+ great] is done by a good prie/1 no?+ less by an evil prie/1 because x is n by ! m]its ( ! consecrator t ! sacram5t is accompli%$1 b by ! ,creator's ^w1 & by ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,,aa4 #a1 #c71 ! prie/ consecrates ?is sacram5t n by 8 own p[]1 b z ! m9i/] ( ,*ri/1 9 ,^: p]son he consecrates ?is sacram5t4 ,b f ! fact ( be+ wick$ he does n cease to be ,*ri/'s m9i/]2 because our ,"l has good & wick$ m9i/]s or s]vants4 ,h5ce 7,matt4 #bd3de7 our ,"l says3 ,:o1 ?9ke/ ?\1 is a fai?ful & wise s]vant8 & aft]w>ds ,he adds3 ,b if t evil s]vant %all say 9 8 he>t1 etc4 ,& ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #d3a7 says3 ,let a man s acc\nt ( u z ( ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/2 & aft]w>ds he adds3 ,i am n consci\s to myself ( any?+2 yet am ,i n h]eby ju/ifi$4 ,he 0 !re=e c]ta9 t he 0 ,*ri/'s m9i/]2 yet he 0 n c]ta9 t he 0 a j man4 ,consequ5tly1 a man c be ,*ri/'s m9i/] ev5 ?\gh he be n "o ( ! j4 ,& ?is belongs to ,*ri/'s excell5ce1 ,:om1 z ! true ,god1 ?+s bo? good & evil s]ve1 s9ce !y are orda9$ by ,8 provid5ce = ,8 glory4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t prie/s1 ev5 ?\gh !y be n godly1 b s9n]s1 c consecrate ! ,eu*>i/4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ^? words ,j]ome is condemn+ ! error ( prie/s :o believ$ !y c\ld consecrate ! ,eu*>i/ wor?ily1 f ! m]e fact ( be+ prie/s1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 s9n]s2 & ,j]ome condemns ?is f ! fact t p]sons defil$ are =bidd5 to approa* ! alt>2 b ?is does n prev5t ! sacrifice1 :i* !y (f]1 f be+ a true sacrifice1 if !y d approa*4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,previ\s to ! words quot$1 ,pope ,gelasius expresses himself z foll[s3 ,t mo/ holy rite1 :i* conta9s ! ,ca?olic discipl9e1 claims = itself su* rev]5ce t no "o may d>e to approa* x except ) clean consci5ce4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t 8 mean+ is t ! prie/ :o is a s9n] ought n to approa* ?is sacram5t4 ,h5ce :5 he resumes1 ,h[ %all ! ,holy ,_s come :5 summon$1 x mu/ be und]/ood t ,he comes1 n ?r\gh ! prie/'s m]its1 b ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/1 ,^: words ! prie/ utt]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ! same action c be evil1 inasmu* z x is done ) a bad int5tion ( ! s]vant2 & good f ! good int5tion ( ! ma/]2 s ! bless+ ( a s9ful prie/1 inasmu* z he acts unwor?ily is des]v+ ( a curse1 & is reput$ an infamy & a blasphemy1 & n a pray]2 :]eas1 inasmu* z x is pron\nc$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 x is holy & efficaci\s4 ,h5ce x is said ) significance3 ,i w curse y\r bless+s4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,mass ( a ,s9ful ,prie/ ,is ( ,less ,wor? ,?an ! ,mass ( a ,good ,prie/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! mass ( a s9ful prie/ is n ( less wor? ?an t ( a good prie/4 ,= ,pope ,gregory says 9 ! ,regi/]3 ,alas1 into :at a great sn>e !y fall :o believe t ! ,div9e & hidd5 my/]ies c be sanctifi$ m by "s ?an by o!rs2 s9ce x is ! "o & ! same ,holy ,gho/ ,:o hall[s ^? my/]ies 9 a hidd5 & invisible mann]4 ,b ^! hidd5 my/]ies are celebrat$ 9 ! mass4 ,!re=e ! mass ( a s9ful prie/ is n ( less value ?an ! mass ( a good prie/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 z ,baptism is conf]r$ by a m9i/] ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/ ,:o baptizes1 s likewise ?is sacram5t is consecrat$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,b ,baptism is no bett] :5 conf]r$ by a bett] prie/1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b74 ,!re=e nei!r is a mass ! bett]1 :i* is celebrat$ by a bett] prie/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ! m]its ( prie/s diff] 9 ! po9t ( be+ good & bett]1 s !y likewise diff] 9 ! po9t ( be+ good & bad4 ,consequ5tly1 if ! mass ( a bett] prie/ be itself bett]1 x foll[s t ! mass ( a bad prie/ mu/ be bad4 ,n[ ?is is unreasonable1 because ! malice ( ! m9i/]s _c affect ,*ri/'s my/]ies1 z ,augu/9e says 9 8 "w on ,baptism 7,contra ,donat4 xii74 ,!re=e nei!r is ! mass ( a bett] prie/ ! bett]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is /at$ 9 ,decretal i1 q4 #a3 ,! wor?i] ! prie/1 ! soon] is he he>d 9 ! ne$s = :i* he prays4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re are two ?+s to be consid]$ 9 ! mass4 namely1 ! sacram5t itself1 :i* is ! *ief ?+2 & ! pray]s :i* are (f]$ up 9 ! mass = ! quick & ! dead4 ,s f> z ! mass itself is conc]n$1 ! mass ( a wick$ prie/ is n ( less value ?an t ( a good prie/1 because ! same sacrifice is (f]$ by bo?4 ,aga91 ! pray] put up 9 ! mass c be consid]$ 9 two respects3 fir/ ( all1 9 s f> z x has its efficacy f ! devotion ( ! prie/ int]c$+1 & 9 ?is respect !re is no d\bt b t ! mass ( ! bett] prie/ is ! m fruitful4 ,9 ano!r respect1 inasmu* z ! pray] is said by ! prie/ 9 ! mass 9 ! place ( ! entire ,*ur*1 ( :i* ! prie/ is ! m9i/]2 & ?is m9i/ry rema9s ev5 9 s9ful m51 z 0 said above 7,a4 #e7 9 reg>d to ,*ri/'s m9i/ry4 ,h5ce1 9 ?is respect ! pray] ev5 ( ! s9ful prie/ is fruitful1 n only t :i* he utt]s 9 ! mass1 b likewise all ^? he recites 9 ! ecclesia/ical (fices1 :]e9 he takes ! place ( ! ,*ur*4 on ! o!r h&1 8 private pray]s are n fruitful1 accord+ to ,prov4 #bh3i3 ,he t turne? away 8 e>s f he>+ ! law1 8 pray] %all be an abom9ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,gregory is speak+ !re ( ! hol9ess ( ! ,div9e sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ! sacram5t ( ,baptism solemn pray]s are n made = all ! fai?ful1 z 9 ! mass2 !re=e !re is no p>allel 9 ?is respect4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a resemblance z to ! effect ( ! sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,by reason ( ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:o communicates to ea* "o ! bless+s ( ,*ri/'s memb]s on acc\nt ( _! be+ unit$ 9 *>ity1 ! private bless+ 9 ! mass ( a good prie/ is fruitful to o!rs4 ,b ! private evil ( "o man _c hurt ano!r1 except ! latt]1 9 "s way1 cons5t1 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,p>m54 ii74 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,h]etics1 ,s*ismatics1 & ,excommunicat$ ,p]sons ,c ,consecrate8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t h]etics1 s*ismatics1 & excommunicat$ p]sons are n able to consecrate ! ,eu*>i/4 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,lib] s5t5t4 ,prosp]i xv7 t !re is no su* ?+ z a true sacrifice outside ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*3 & ,pope ,leo ,i says 7,ep4 lxxx2 cf4 ,decretal i1 q4 #a73 ,else:]e 7i4e4 ?an 9 ! ,*ur* :i* is ,*ri/'s body7 !re is nei!r valid prie/hood nor true sacrifice4 ,b h]etics1 s*ismatics1 & excommunicat$ p]sons are sev]$ f ! ,*ur*4 ,!re=e !y are unable to (f] a true sacrifice4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r 7,decretal1 caus4 i1 q4 #a71 ,innoc5t ,i is quot$ z say+3 ,because we receive ! laity ( ! ,arians & o!r pe/il5tial p]sons1 if !y seem to rep5t1 x does n foll[ t _! cl]gy h ! dignity ( ! prie/hood or ( any o!r m9i/]ial (fice1 = we all[ !m to conf] no?+ save ,baptism4 ,b none c consecrate ! ,eu*>i/1 unless he h ! dignity ( ! prie/hood4 ,!re=e h]etics & ! l _c consecrate ! ,eu*>i/4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x does n seem feasible = "o outside ! ,*ur* to act on behalf ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b :5 ! prie/ consecrates ! ,eu*>i/1 he does s 9 ! p]son ( ! entire ,*ur*1 z is evid5t f ! fact ( 8 putt+ up all pray]s 9 ! p]son ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ^? :o are outside ! ,*ur*1 su* z ^? :o are h]etics1 s*ismatics1 & excommunicate1 are n able to consecrate ! ,eu*>i/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,p>m54 ii73 ,j z ,baptism rema9s 9 !m1 i4e4 9 h]etics1 s*ismatics1 & ^? :o are excommunicate1 s d _! ord]s rema9 intact4 ,n[1 by ! p[] ( 8 ord9ation1 a prie/ c consecrate ! ,eu*>i/4 ,!re=e1 x seems t h]etics1 s*ismatics1 & ^? :o are excommunicate1 c consecrate ! ,eu*>i/1 s9ce _! ord]s rema9 entire4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h cont5d$ t h]etics1 s*ismatics1 & ! excommunicate1 :o are outside ! pale ( ! ,*ur*1 _c p]=m ?is sacram5t4 ,b h]e9 !y are deceiv$1 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,p>m54 ii71 x is "o ?+ to lack some?+ utt]ly1 & ano!r to h x improp]ly2 & 9 l fa%ion1 x is "o ?+ n to be/[1 & q ano!r to be/[1 b n rightly4 ,accord+ly1 su* z1 be+ )9 ! ,*ur*1 receiv$ ! p[] ( consecrat+ ! ,eu*>i/ ?r\gh be+ orda9$ to ! prie/hood1 h su* p[] rightly inde$2 b !y use x improp]ly if aft]w>ds !y be sep>at$ f ! ,*ur* by h]esy1 s*ism1 or excommunication4 ,b su* z are orda9$ :ile sep>at$ f ! ,*ur*1 h nei!r ! p[] rightly1 nor d !y use x rightly4 ,b t 9 bo? cases !y h ! p[]1 is cle> f :at ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,p>m54 ii71 t :5 !y return to ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 !y are n re-orda9$1 b are receiv$ 9 _! ord]s4 ,& s9ce ! consecration ( ! ,eu*>i/ is an act :i* foll[s ! p[] ( ord]1 su* p]sons z are sep>at$ f ! ,*ur* by h]esy1 s*ism1 or excommunication1 c inde$ consecrate ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* on be+ consecrat$ by !m conta9s ,*ri/'s true body & blood2 b !y act wrongly1 & s9 by do+ s2 & 9 consequ5ce !y d n receive ! fruit ( ! sacrifice1 :i* is a spiritual sacrifice4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,su* & simil> au?orities are to be und]/ood 9 ?is s5se1 t ! sacrifice is (f]$ wrongly outside ! ,*ur*4 ,h5ce outside ! ,*ur* !re c be no spiritual sacrifice t is a true sacrifice ) ! tru? ( its fruit1 al?\gh x be a true sacrifice ) ! tru? ( ! sacram5t2 ?us x 0 /at$ above 7,q4 #hj1 ,a4 #c71 t ! s9n] receives ,*ri/'s body sacram5tally1 b n spiritually4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,baptism alone is all[$ to be conf]r$ by h]etics1 & s*ismatics1 because !y c lawfully baptize 9 case ( necessity2 b 9 no case c !y lawfully consecrate ! ,eu*>i/1 or conf] ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! prie/1 9 recit+ ! pray]s ( ! mass1 speaks in/ead ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ^: unity he rema9s2 b 9 consecrat+ ! sacram5t he speaks z 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 ,^: place he holds by ! p[] ( 8 ord]s4 ,consequ5tly1 if a prie/ sev]$ f ! unity ( ! ,*ur* celebrates mass1 n hav+ lo/ ! p[] ( ord]1 he consecrates ,*ri/'s true body & blood2 b because he is sev]$ f ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 8 pray]s h no efficacy4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r a ,degrad$ ,prie/ ,c ,consecrate ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t a degrad$ prie/ _c consecrate ?is sacram5t4 ,= no "o c p]=m ?is sacram5t except he h ! p[] ( consecrat+4 ,b ! prie/ :o has be5 degrad$ has no p[] ( consecrat+1 al?\gh he has ! p[] ( baptiz+ 7,app4 ,gratiani74 ,!re=e x seems t a degrad$ prie/ _c consecrate ! ,eu*>i/4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 he :o gives c take away4 ,b ! bi%op 9 orda9+ gives to ! prie/ ! p[] ( consecrat+4 ,!re=e he c take x away by degrad+ him4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/1 by degradation1 loses ei!r ! p[] ( consecrat+1 or ! use ( su* p[]4 ,b he does n lose m]ely ! use1 = ?us ! degrad$ "o w\ld lose no m ?an "o excommunicat$1 :o also lacks ! use4 ,!re=e x seems t he loses ! p[] to consecrate1 & 9 consequ5ce t he _c p]=m ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e 7,contra ,p>m54 ii7 proves t apo/ates f ! fai? are n depriv$ ( _! ,baptism1 f ! fact t x is n re/or$ to !m :5 !y return rep5tant2 & !re=e x is deem$ t x _c be lo/4 ,b 9 l fa%ion1 if ! degrad$ man be re/or$1 he has n to be orda9$ ov] aga94 ,consequ5tly1 he has n lo/ ! p[] ( consecrat+1 & s ! degrad$ prie/ c p]=m ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,! p[] ( consecrat+ ! ,eu*>i/ belongs to ! "* ( ! prie/ly ord]4 ,b e "* is indelible1 because x is giv5 ) a k9d ( consecration1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #fc1 ,a4 #e71 j z ! consecrations ( all o!r ?+s are p]petual1 & _c be lo/ or repeat$4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ! p[] ( consecrat+ is n lo/ by degradation4 ,=1 aga91 ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,p>m54 ii73 ,bo? are sacram5ts1 namely ,baptism & ord]1 & bo? are giv5 to a man ) a k9d ( consecration2 ! =m]1 :5 he is baptiz$2 ! latt] :5 he is orda9$2 & !re=e x is n lawful = ,ca?olics to repeat ei!r ( !m4 ,& ?us x is evid5t t ! degrad$ prie/ c p]=m ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,t ,canon is speak+1 n z by way ( ass]tion1 b by way ( inquiry1 z c be glean$ f ! context4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! bi%op gives ! prie/ly p[] ( ord]1 n z ?\gh com+ f himself1 b in/rum5tally1 z ,god's m9i/]1 & its effect _c be tak5 away by man1 accord+ to ,matt4 #ai3f3 ,:at ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let no man put asund]4 ,& !re=e ! bi%op _c take ?is p[] away1 j z nei!r c he :o baptizes take away ! baptismal "*4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,excommunication is m$ic9al4 ,& !re=e ! m9i/ry ( ! prie/ly p[] is n tak5 away f ! excommunicate1 z x 71 p]petually1 b only = a "t1 t !y may m5d2 b ! ex]cise is )drawn f ! degrad$1 z ?\gh condemn$ p]petually4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,x ,is ,p]missible to ,receive ,communion f ,h]etical1 ,excommunicate1 or ,s9ful ,prie/s1 & to ,he> ,mass ,said by ,!m8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t "o may lawfully receive ,communion f h]etical1 excommunicate1 or ev5 s9ful prie/s1 & to he> mass said by !m4 ,because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,petilian4 iii71 we %\ld n avoid ,god's sacram5ts1 :e!r !y be giv5 by a good man or by a wick$ "o4 ,b prie/s1 ev5 if !y be s9ful1 or h]etics1 or excommunicate1 p]=m a valid sacram5t4 ,!re=e x seems t "o ought n to refra9 f receiv+ ,communion at _! h&s1 or f he>+ _! mass4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s true body is figurative ( ,8 my/ical body1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #fg1 ,a4 #b74 ,b ,*ri/'s true body is consecrat$ by ! prie/s m5tion$ above4 ,!re=e x seems t :oev] belongs to ,8 my/ical body c communicate 9 _! sacrifices4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !re are _m s9s grav] ?an =nication4 ,b x is n =bidd5 to he> ! masses ( prie/s :o s9 o!rwise4 ,!re=e1 x ought n to be =bidd5 to he> ! masses ( prie/s guilty ( ?is s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,canon says 7,di/4 #cb73 ,let no "o he> ! mass ( a prie/ :om he kn[s )\t d\bt to h a concub9e4 ,moreov]1 ,gregory says 7,dial4 iii7 t ! fai?less fa!r s5t an ,arian bi%op to 8 son1 = him to receive sacrilegi\sly ! consecrat$ ,communion at 8 h&s4 ,b1 :5 ! ,arian bi%op arriv$1 ,god's devot$ s]vant rebuk$ him1 z 0 "r = him to d4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,,aa4 #e1 #g71 h]etical1 s*ismatical1 excommunicate1 or ev5 s9ful prie/s1 al?\gh !y h ! p[] to consecrate ! ,eu*>i/1 yet !y d n make a prop] use ( x2 on ! contr>y1 !y s9 by us+ x4 ,b :oev] communicates ) ano!r :o is 9 s91 becomes a %>] 9 8 s94 ,h5ce we read 9 ,john's ,second ,canonical ,epi/le 7#aa7 t ,he t sai? unto him1 ,god spe$ y1 communicate? ) 8 wick$ works4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n lawful to receive ,communion f !m1 or to assi/ at _! mass4 ,/ill !re is a diff]5ce among ! above1 because h]etics1 s*ismatics1 & excommunicates1 h be5 =bidd51 by ! ,*ur*'s s5t5ce1 to p]=m ! ,eu*>i/ic rite4 ,& !re=e :oev] he>s _! mass or receives ! sacram5ts f !m1 commits s94 ,b n all :o are s9n]s are deb>r$ by ! ,*ur*'s s5t5ce f us+ ?is p[]3 & s1 al?\gh susp5d$ by ! ,div9e s5t5ce1 yet !y are n susp5d$ 9 reg>d to o!rs by any ecclesia/ical s5t5ce3 consequ5tly1 until ! ,*ur*'s s5t5ce is pron\nc$1 x is lawful to receive ,communion at _! h&s1 & to he> _! mass4 ,h5ce on #a ,cor4 #e3aa1 ) su* a "o n s mu* z to eat1 ,augu/9e's gloss runs ?us3 ,9 say+ ?is he 0 unwill+ = a man to be judg$ by 8 fell[ man on arbitr>y suspicion1 or ev5 by usurp$ extraord9>y judgm5t1 b r by ,god's law1 accord+ to ! ,*ur*'s ord]+1 :e!r he confess ( 8 own accord1 or :e!r he be accus$ & convict$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,by refus+ to he> ! masses ( su* prie/s1 or to receive ,communion f !m1 we are n %unn+ ,god's sacram5ts2 on ! contr>y1 by s do+ we are giv+ !m honor 7h5ce a ho/ consecrat$ by su* prie/s is to be ador$1 & if x be res]v$1 x c be consum$ by a lawful prie/73 b :at we %un is ! s9 ( ! unwor?y m9i/]s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! unity ( ! my/ical body is ! fruit ( ! true body receiv$4 ,b ^? :o receive or m9i/] unwor?ily1 are depriv$ ( ! fruit1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #g2 ,q4 #hj1 ,a4 #d74 ,& !re=e1 ^? :o belong to ! unity ( ! ,fai? are n to receive ! sacram5t f _! disp5s+4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh =nication is n grav] ?an o!r s9s1 yet m5 are m prone to x1 ow+ to fle%ly concupisc5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ?is s9 is specially inhibit$ to prie/s by ! ,*ur*1 le/ anyone he> ! mass ( "o liv+ 9 concub9age4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is to be und]/ood ( "o :o is notori\s1 ei!r f be+ convict$ & s5t5c$1 or f hav+ ackn[l$g$ 8 guilt 9 legal =m1 or f x be+ impossible to conceal 8 guilt by any subt]fuge4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ,x ,is ,lawful = a ,prie/ to ,refra9 ,entirely f ,consecrat+ ! ,eu*>i/8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems to be lawful = a prie/ to refra9 entirely f consecrat+ ! ,eu*>i/4 ,because1 z x is ! prie/'s (fice to consecrate ! ,eu*>i/1 s x is likewise to baptize & adm9i/] ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,b ! prie/ is n b\nd to act z a m9i/] ( ! o!r sacram5ts1 unless he has und]tak5 ! c>e ( s\ls4 ,!re=e1 x seems t likewise he is n b\nd to consecrate ! ,eu*>i/ except he be *>g$ ) ! c>e ( s\ls4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no "o is b\nd to d :at is unlawful = him to d2 o!rwise he w\ld be 9 two m9ds4 ,b x is n lawful = ! prie/ :o is 9 a /ate ( s91 or excommunicate1 to consecrate ! ,eu*>i/1 z 0 said above 7,a4 #g74 ,!re=e x seems t su* m5 are n b\nd to celebrate1 & s nei!r are ! o!rs2 o!rwise !y w\ld be ga9]s by _! fault4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/ly dignity is n lo/ by subsequ5t weakness3 because ,pope ,gelasius ,i says 7cf4 ,decretal1 ,di/4 #ee73 ,z ! canonical precepts d n p]mit !m :o are feeble 9 body to approa* ! prie/hood1 s if anyone be disabl$ :5 once 9 t /ate1 he _c lose t he receiv$ at ! "t he 0 well4 ,b x sometimes happ5s t ^? :o are already orda9$ z prie/s incur defects :]eby !y are h9d]$ f celebrat+1 su* z leprosy or epilepsy1 or ! l4 ,consequ5tly1 x does n appe> t prie/s are b\nd to celebrate4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,ambrose says 9 "o ( 8 ,orations 7xxxiii73 ,x is a grave matt] if we d n approa* ,?y alt> ) clean he>t & pure h&s2 b x is grav] /ill if :ile %unn+ s9s we also fail to (f] our sacrifice4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h said t a prie/ may lawfully refra9 altoge!r f consecrat+1 except he be b\nd to d s1 & to give ! sacram5ts to ! p1 by reason ( 8 be+ entru/$ ) ! c>e ( s\ls4 ,b ?is is said q unreasonably1 because ev]yone is b\nd to use ! grace entru/$ to him1 :5 opportunity s]ves1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #f3a3 ,we exhort y t y receive n ! grace ( ,god 9 va94 ,b ! opportunity ( (f]+ sacrifice is consid]$ n m]ely 9 relation to ! fai?ful ( ,*ri/ to :om ! sacram5ts mu/ be adm9i/]$1 b *iefly ) reg>d to ,god to ,:om ! sacrifice ( ?is sacram5t is (f]$ by consecrat+4 ,h5ce1 x is n lawful = ! prie/1 ev5 ?\gh he has n ! c>e ( s\ls1 to refra9 altoge!r f celebrat+2 & he seems to be b\nd to celebrate at lea/ on ! *ief fe/ivals1 & especially on ^? days on :i* ! fai?ful usually communicate4 ,& h5ce x is t 7#b ,macc4 #d3ad7 x is said aga9/ "s prie/s t !y 7 n n[ occupi$ ab\t ! (fices ( ! alt> 4 4 4 despis+ ! temple & neglect+ ! sacrifices4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! o!r sacram5ts are accompli%$ 9 be+ us$ by ! fai?ful1 & !re=e he alone is b\nd to adm9i/] !m :o has und]tak5 ! c>e ( s\ls4 ,b ?is sacram5t is p]=m$ 9 ! consecration ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :]eby a sacrifice is (f]$ to ,god1 to :i* ! prie/ is b\nd f ! ord] he has receiv$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! s9ful prie/1 if depriv$ by ! ,*ur*'s s5t5ce f ex]cis+ 8 ord]1 simply or = a "t1 is r5d]$ incapable ( (f]+ sacrifice2 consequ5tly1 ! obligation lapses4 ,b if n depriv$ ( ! p[] ( celebrat+1 ! obligation is n remov$2 nor is he 9 two m9ds1 because he c rep5t ( 8 s9 & !n celebrate4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,weakness or sickness contract$ by a prie/ aft] 8 ord9ation does n deprive him ( 8 ord]s2 b h9d]s him f ex]cis+ !m1 z to ! consecration ( ! ,eu*>i/3 sometimes by mak+ x impossible to ex]cise !m1 z1 = example1 if he lose 8 sight1 or 8 f+]s1 or ! use ( spee*2 & sometimes on acc\nt ( dang]1 z 9 ! case ( "o suff]+ f epilepsy1 or inde$ any disease ( ! m9d2 & sometimes1 on acc\nt ( loa?som5ess1 z is evid5t 9 ! case ( a lep]1 :o ought n to celebrate 9 public3 he c1 h[ev]1 say mass privately1 unless ! leprosy has gone s f> t x has r5d]$ him incapable ow+ to ! wa/+ away ( 8 limbs4 ,,"q #hc ,,( ,,! ,,rite ,,( ,,?is ,,sacram5t 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we h n[ to consid] ! ,rite ( ?is sacram5t1 "u :i* head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,*ri/ is sacrific$ 9 ! celebration ( ?is my/]y8 7#b7 ,( ! "t ( celebrat+2 7#c7 ,( ! place & o!r matt]s relat+ to ! equipm5t = ?is celebration2 7#d7 ,( ! words utt]$ 9 celebrat+ ?is my/]y2 7#e7 ,( ! actions p]=m$ 9 celebrat+ ?is my/]y4 7#f7 ,( ! defects :i* occur 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hc1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,*ri/ ,is ,sacrific$ 9 ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ,*ri/ is n sacrific$ 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,= x is writt5 7,heb4 #aj3ad7 t ,*ri/ by "o oblation ha? p]fect$ = ev] !m t are sanctifi$4 ,b t oblation 0 ,8 oblation4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is n sacrific$ 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s sacrifice 0 made ^u ! cross1 :]eon ,he deliv]$ ,himself = u1 an oblation & a sacrifice to ,god = an odor ( sweetness1 z is said 9 ,eph4 #e3b4 ,b ,*ri/ is n crucifi$ 9 ! celebration ( ?is my/]y4 ,!re=e1 nei!r is ,he sacrific$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 z ,augu/9e says 7,de ,tr94 iv71 9 ,*ri/'s sacrifice ! prie/ & ! victim are "o & ! same4 ,b 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t ! prie/ & ! victim are n ! same4 ,!re=e1 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t is n a sacrifice ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 ! ,lib] ,s5t5t4 ,prosp4 7cf4 ,ep4 xcviii73 ,*ri/ 0 sacrific$ once 9 ,himself1 & yet ,he is sacrific$ daily 9 ! ,sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,! celebration ( ?is sacram5t is call$ a sacrifice = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because1 z ,augu/9e says 7,ad ,simplician4 ii71 ! images ( ?+s are call$ by ! names ( ! ?+s :]e( !y are ! images2 z :5 we look ^u a picture or a fresco1 we say1 ',?is is ,cic]o & t is ,sallu/4' ,b1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #gi1 ,a4 #a71 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t is an image repres5t+ ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* is ,8 true sacrifice4 ,accord+ly ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t is call$ ,*ri/'s sacrifice4 ,h5ce x is t ,ambrose1 9 comm5t+ on ,heb4 #aj3a1 says3 ,9 ,*ri/ 0 (f]$ up a sacrifice capable ( giv+ et]nal salvation2 :at !n d we d8 ,d we n (f] x up e day 9 memory ( ,8 dea?8 ,secondly x is call$ a sacrifice1 9 respect ( ! effect ( ,8 ,passion3 because1 to wit1 by ?is sacram5t1 we are made p>tak]s ( ! fruit ( our ,"l's ,passion4 ,h5ce 9 "o ( ! ,sunday ,secrets 7,n9? ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/7 we say3 ,:5ev] ! commemoration ( ?is sacrifice is celebrat$1 ! "w ( our r$emption is enact$4 ,consequ5tly1 accord+ to ! fir/ reason1 x is true to say t ,*ri/ 0 sacrific$1 ev5 9 ! figures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 h5ce x is /at$ 9 ! ,apocalypse 7#ac3h73 ,^: names are n writt5 9 ! ,book ( ,life ( ! ,lamb1 :i* 0 sla9 f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,b accord+ to ! second reason1 x is prop] to ?is sacram5t = ,*ri/ to be sacrific$ 9 its celebration4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z ,ambrose says 7comm5t+ on ,heb4 #aj3a71 !re is b "o victim1 namely t :i* ,*ri/ (f]$1 & :i* we (f]1 & n _m victims1 because ,*ri/ 0 (f]$ b once3 & ?is latt] sacrifice is ! patt]n ( ! =m]4 ,=1 j z :at is (f]$ ev]y:]e is "o body1 & n _m bodies1 s also is x b "o sacrifice4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t is an image repres5t+ ,*ri/'s ,passion1 s ! alt> is repres5tative ( ! cross itself1 ^u :i* ,*ri/ 0 sacrific$ 9 ,8 prop] species4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,= ! same reason 7cf4 ,reply ,obj4 #b7 ! prie/ also be>s ,*ri/'s image1 9 ,^: p]son & by ,^: p[] he pron\nces ! words ( consecration1 z is evid5t f :at 0 said above 7,q4 #hb1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c74 ,& s1 9 a measure1 ! prie/ & victim are "o & ! same4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hc1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ! ,"t = ,celebrat+ ,?is ,my/]y ,has ,be5 ,prop]ly ,det]m9$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! "t = celebrat+ ?is my/]y has n be5 prop]ly det]m9$4 ,= z 0 obs]v$ above 7,a4 #a71 ?is sacram5t is repres5tative ( our ,"l's ,passion4 ,b ! commemoration ( our ,"l's ,passion takes place 9 ! ,*ur* once 9 ! ye>3 because ,augu/9e says 7,en>r4 ii 9 ,ps4 #ba73 ,is n ,*ri/ sla9 z (t5 z ! ,pas* is celebrat$8 ,nev]!less1 ! anniv]s>y remembrance repres5ts :at took place 9 by-gone days2 & s x does n cause u to be /irr$ z if we saw our ,"l hang+ ^u ! cross4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t ought to be celebrat$ b once a ye>4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s ,passion is commemorat$ 9 ! ,*ur* on ! ,friday be=e ,ea/]1 & n on ,*ri/mas ,day4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce ?is sacram5t is commemorative ( our ,"l's ,passion1 x seems unsuitable = ?is sacram5t to be celebrat$ ?rice on ,*ri/mas ,day1 & to be entirely omitt$ on ,good ,friday4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t ! ,*ur* ought to imitate ,*ri/'s in/itution4 ,b x 0 9 ! ev5+ t ,*ri/ consecrat$ ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e x seems t ?is sacram5t ought to be celebrat$ at t "t ( day4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 z is set d[n 9 ! ,decretals 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 i71 ,pope ,leo ,i wrote to ,dioscorus1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 t x is p]missible to celebrate mass 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! day4 ,b ! day beg9s at midnight1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #hj1 ,a4 #h1 ad #e74 ,!re=e x seems t aft] midnight x is lawful to celebrate4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 9 "o ( ! ,sunday ,secrets 7,n9? ,sunday aft] ,p5teco/7 we say3 ,grant u1 ,"l1 we besee* ,!e1 to frequ5t ^! my/]ies4 ,b !re w be great] frequ5cy if ! prie/ celebrates sev]al times a day4 ,!re=e x seems t ! prie/ ought n to be h9d]$ f celebrat+ sev]al times daily4 ,on ! contr>y is ! cu/om :i* ! ,*ur* obs]ves accord+ to ! /atutes ( ! ,canons4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 9 ! celebration ( ?is my/]y1 we mu/ take into consid]ation ! repres5tation ( our ,"l's ,passion1 & ! p>ticipation ( its fruits2 & ! "t suitable = ! celebration ( ?is my/]y ought to be det]m9$ by ea* ( ^! consid]ations4 ,n[ s9ce1 ow+ to our daily defects1 we /& 9 daily ne$ ( ! fruits ( our ,"l's ,passion1 ?is sacram5t is (f]$ regul>ly e day 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,h5ce our ,"l tea*es u to pray 7,luke #aa3c73 ,give u ?is day our daily bread3 9 explanation ( :i* words ,augu/9e says 7,de ,v]b4 ,dom4 xxviii73 ,if x be a daily bread1 :y d y take x once a ye>1 z ! ,greeks h ! cu/om 9 ! ea/8 ,receive x daily t x may b5efit y e day4 ,b s9ce our ,"l's ,passion 0 celebrat$ f ! ?ird to ! n9? h\r1 !re=e ?is sacram5t is solemnly celebrat$ by ! ,*ur* 9 t "p ( ! day4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,*ri/'s ,passion is recall$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 inasmu* z its effect fl[s out to ! fai?ful2 b at ,passion-tide ,*ri/'s ,passion is recall$ inasmu* z x 0 wr\ght 9 ,him ,:o is our ,head4 ,?is took place b once2 :]eas ! fai?ful receive daily ! fruits ( ,8 ,passion3 consequ5tly1 ! =m] is commemorat$ b once 9 ! ye>1 :]eas ! latt] takes place e day1 bo? t we may p>take ( its fruit & 9 ord] t we may h a p]petual memorial4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! figure ceases on ! adv5t ( ! reality4 ,b ?is sacram5t is a figure & a repres5tation ( our ,"l's ,passion1 z /at$ above4 ,& !re=e on ! day on :i* our ,"l's ,passion is recall$ z x 0 really accompli%$1 ?is sacram5t is n consecrat$4 ,nev]!less1 le/ ! ,*ur* be depriv$ on t day ( ! fruit ( ! ,passion (f]$ to u by ?is sacram5t1 ! body ( ,*ri/ consecrat$ ! day be=e is res]v$ to be consum$ on t day2 b ! blood is n res]v$1 on acc\nt ( dang]1 & because ! blood is m specially ! image ( our ,"l's ,passion1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gh1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b74 ,nor is x true1 z "s affirm1 t ! w9e is *ang$ into blood :5 ! p>ticle ( ,*ri/'s body is dropp$ into x4 ,because ?is _c be done o!rwise ?an by consecration "u ! due =m ( words4 ,on ,*ri/mas ,day1 h[ev]1 sev]al masses are said on acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s ?reefold nativity4 ,( ^! ! fir/ is ,8 et]nal bir?1 :i* is hidd5 9 our reg>d1 & !re=e "o mass is sung 9 ! night1 9 ! ,introit ( :i* we say3 ,! ,"l said unto ,me3 ,?\ art ,my ,son1 ?is day h ,i begott5 ,!e4 ,! second is ,8 nativity 9 "t1 & ! spiritual bir?1 :]eby ,*ri/ rises z ! day-/> 9 our ,vulg43 'y\r' he>ts 7#b ,pet4 #a3ai71 & on ?is acc\nt ! mass is sung at dawn1 & 9 ! ,introit we say3 ,! light w %9e on u today4 ,! ?ird is ,*ri/'s temporal & bodily bir?1 accord+ z ,he w5t =? f ! virg9al womb1 becom+ visible to u ?r\gh be+ clo!d ) fle%3 & on t acc\nt ! ?ird mass is sung 9 broad daylight1 9 ! ,introit ( :i* we say3 ,a *ild is born to u4 ,nev]!less1 on ! o!r h&1 x c be said t ,8 et]nal g5]ation1 ( itself1 is 9 ! full light1 & on ?is acc\nt 9 ! gospel ( ! ?ird mass m5tion is made ( ,8 et]nal bir?4 ,b reg>d+ ,8 bir? 9 ! body1 ,he 0 lit]ally born dur+ ! night1 z a sign t ,he came to ! d>knesses ( our infirmity2 h5ce also 9 ! midnight mass we say ! gospel ( ,*ri/'s nativity 9 ! fle%4 ,likewise on o!r days ^u :i* _m ( ,god's b5efits h to be recall$ or bes\ght1 sev]al masses are celebrat$ on "o day1 z = in/ance1 "o = ! fea/1 & ano!r = a fa/ or = ! dead4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z already obs]v$ 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #e71 ,*ri/ wi%$ to give ?is sacram5t la/ ( all1 9 ord] t x might make a deep] impression on ! he>ts ( ! disciples2 & !re=e x 0 aft] supp]1 at ! close ( day1 t ,he consecrat$ ?is sacram5t & gave x to ,8 disciples4 ,b we celebrate at ! h\r :5 our ,"l suff]$1 i4e4 ei!r1 z on fea/-days1 at ! h\r ( ,t]ce1 :5 ,he 0 crucifi$ by ! tongues ( ! ,jews 7,mk4 #ae3be71 & :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ ^u ! disciples 7,acts #b3ae72 or1 z :5 no fea/ is kept1 at ! h\r ( ,sext1 :5 ,he 0 crucifi$ at ! h&s ( ! soldi]s 7,john #ai3ad71 or1 z on fa/+ days1 at ,none1 :5 cry+ out ) a l\d voice ,he gave up ! gho/ 7,matt4 #bg3df1 #ej74 ,nev]!less ! mass c be po/pon$1 especially :5 ,holy ord]s h to be conf]r$1 & /ill m on ,holy ,saturday2 bo? on acc\nt ( ! l5g? ( ! (fice1 & also because ord]s belong to ! ,sunday1 z is set =? 9 ! ,decretals 7di/4 #ge74 ,masses1 h[ev]1 c be celebrat$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! day1 ow+ to any necessity2 z is /at$ ,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,z a rule mass ought to be said 9 ! day & n 9 ! night1 because ,*ri/ is pres5t 9 ?is sacram5t1 ,:o says 7,john #i3d1 #e73 ,i mu/ "w ! works ( ,him t s5t ,me1 :il/ x is day3 because ! night come? :5 no man c "w2 z long z ,i am 9 ! _w1 ,i am ! light ( ! _w4 ,yet ?is %\ld be done 9 su* a mann] t ! beg9n+ ( ! day is n to be tak5 f midnight2 nor f sunrise1 t is1 :5 ! sub/ance ( ! sun appe>s above ! e>?2 b :5 ! dawn beg9s to %[3 because !n ! sun is said to be ris5 :5 ! brightness ( 8 beams appe>s4 ,accord+ly x is writt5 7,mk4 #af3a7 t ! wom5 came to ! tomb1 ! sun be+ n[ ris52 ?\gh1 z ,john relates 7,john #bj3a71 :ile x 0 yet d>k !y came to ! tomb4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ,augu/9e expla9s ?is diff]5ce 7,de ,cons5s4 ,evang4 iii74 ,exception is made on ! night ( ,*ri/mas eve1 :5 mass is celebrat$1 because our ,"l 0 born 9 ! night 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a74 ,& 9 l mann] x is celebrat$ on ,holy ,saturday t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( ! night1 s9ce our ,"l rose 9 ! night1 t is1 :5 x 0 yet d>k1 be=e ! sun's ris+ 0 manife/4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,z is set d[n 9 ! decree 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a71 9 virtue ( a decree ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,ii1 x is en\gh = a prie/ to celebrate "o mass ea* day1 because ,*ri/ suff]$ once & r$eem$ ! :ole _w2 & v happy is he :o c wor?ily celebrate "o mass4 ,b !re are "s :o say "o mass = ! dead1 & ano!r ( ! day1 if ne$ be4 ,b ,i d n deem t ^? escape condemnation :o presume to celebrate sev]al masses daily1 ei!r = ! sake ( money1 or to ga9 flatt]y f ! laity4 ,& ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii says 7,extra1 ,de ,celebr4 ,miss41 *ap4 ,consului/i7 t except on ! day ( our ,"l's bir?1 unless necessity urges1 x suffices = a prie/ to celebrate only "o mass ea* day4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hc1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,?is ,sacram5t ,ought to ,be ,celebrat$ 9 a ,h\se & ) ,sacr$ ,vessels8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ?is sacram5t ought n to be celebrat$ 9 a h\se & ) sacr$ vessels4 ,= ?is sacram5t is a repres5tation ( our ,"l's ,passion4 ,b ,*ri/ did n suff] 9 a h\se1 b outside ! city gate1 accord+ to ,heb4 #a3ab3 ,jesus1 t ,he might sanctify ! p by ,8 own blood1 suff]$ )\t ! gate4 ,!re=e1 x seems t ?is sacram5t ought n to be celebrat$ 9 a h\se1 b r 9 ! op5 air4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t ! ,*ur* ought to imitate ! cu/om ( ,*ri/ & ! apo/les4 ,b ! h\se :]e9 ,*ri/ fir/ wr\ght ?is sacram5t 0 n consecrat$1 b m]ely an ord9>y supp]-room prep>$ by ! ma/] ( ! h\se1 z relat$ 9 ,luke #bb3aa1 #ab4 ,moreov]1 we read 7,acts #b3df7 t ! apo/les 7 cont9u+ daily ) "o accord 9 ! temple2 &1 break+ bread f h\se to h\se1 !y took _! meat ) gladness4 ,consequ5tly1 !re is no ne$ = h\ses1 9 :i* ?is sacram5t is celebrat$1 to be consecrat$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no?+ t is to no purpose ought to be done 9 ! ,*ur*1 :i* is gov]n$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b x seems useless to consecrate a *ur*1 or an alt>1 or su* l inanimate ?+s1 s9ce !y are n capable ( receiv+ grace or spiritual virtue4 ,!re=e x is unbecom+ = su* consecrations to be p]=m$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 only ,div9e works ought to be recall$ ) solemnity1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ia3e3 ,i %all rejoice 9 ! works ( ,?y h&s4 ,n[ ! consecration ( a *ur* or alt>1 is ! "w ( a man2 z is also ! consecration ( ! *alice1 & ( ! m9i/]s1 & ( o!r su* ?+s4 ,b ^! latt] consecrations are n commemorat$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!re=e nei!r ought ! consecration ( a *ur* or ( an alt> to be commemorat$ ) solemnity4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 ! tru? ought to correspond ) ! figure4 ,b 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* 0 a figure ( ! ,new1 ! alt> 0 n made ( hewn /ones3 =1 x is writt5 7,ex4 #bj3bd73 ,y %all make an alt> ( e>? unto ,me 4 4 4 & if ?\ make an alt> ( /one unto ,me1 ?\ %alt n build x ( hewn /ones4 ,aga91 ! alt> is comm&$ to be made ( setim-wood1 cov]$ ) brass 7,ex4 #bg3a1 #b71 or ) gold 7,ex4 #be74 ,consequ5tly1 x seems unfitt+ = ! ,*ur* to make exclusive use ( alt>s made ( /one4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 ! *alice ) ! pat5 repres5ts ,*ri/'s tomb1 :i* 0 hewn 9 a rock1 z is n>rat$ 9 ! ,gospels4 ,consequ5tly1 ! *alice ought to be ( /one1 & n ( gold or ( silv] or t94 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 j z gold is ! mo/ preci\s among ! mat]ials ( ! alt> vessels1 s are clo?s ( silk ! mo/ preci\s among o!r clo?s4 ,consequ5tly1 s9ce ! *alice is ( gold1 ! alt> clo?s ought to be made ( silk & n ( l954 ,obj4 #h3 ,fur!r1 ! disp5s+ & ord]+ ( ! sacram5ts belong to ! ,*ur*'s m9i/]s1 j z ! ord]+ ( temporal affairs is subject to ! rul+ ( secul> pr9ces2 h5ce ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #d3a73 ,let a man s e/eem u z ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ & ! disp5s]s ( ! my/]ies ( ,god4 ,b if any?+ be done aga9/ ! ord9ances ( pr9ces x is deem$ void4 ,!re=e1 if ! v>i\s items m5tion$ above are suitably comm&$ by ! ,*ur*'s prelates1 x seems t ! body ( ,*ri/ c\ld n be consecrat$ unless !y be obs]v$2 & s x appe>s to foll[ t ,*ri/'s words are n suffici5t ( !mselves = consecrat+ ?is sacram5t3 :i* is contr>y to ! fact4 ,consequ5tly1 x does n seem fitt+ = su* ord9ances to be made t\*+ ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,*ur*'s ord9ances are ,*ri/'s own ord9ances2 s9ce ,he said 7,matt4 #ah3bj73 ,:]ev] two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,my "n1 !re am ,i 9 ! mid/ ( !m4 ,i answ] t1 ,!re are two ?+s to be consid]$ reg>d+ ! equipm5t ( ?is sacram5t3 "o ( ^! belongs to ! repres5tation ( ! ev5ts connect$ ) our ,"l's ,passion2 :ile ! o!r is connect$ ) ! rev]5ce due to ! sacram5t1 9 :i* ,*ri/ is conta9$ v]ily1 & n 9 figure only4 ,h5ce we consecrate ^? ?+s :i* we make use ( 9 ?is sacram5t2 bo? t we may %[ our rev]5ce = ! sacram5t1 & 9 ord] to repres5t ! hol9ess :i* is ! effect ( ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,heb4 #ac3ab3 ,jesus1 t ,he might sanctify ! p by ,8 own blood1 etc4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is sacram5t ought z a rule to be celebrat$ 9 a h\se1 :]eby ! ,*ur* is signifi$1 accord+ to #a ,tim4 #c3ae3 ,t ?\ maye/ "k h[ ?\ oughte/ to behave ?yself 9 ! h\se ( ,god1 :i* is ! ,*ur* ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,because outside ! ,*ur* !re is no place = ! true sacrifice1 z ,augu/9e says 7,lib] ,s5t5t4 ,prosp4 xv74 ,& because ! ,*ur* 0 n to be conf9$ )9 ! t]ritories ( ! ,jewi% p1 b 0 to be e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 !re=e ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 n celebrat$ )9 ! city ( ! ,jews1 b 9 ! op5 c\ntry1 t s ! :ole _w might s]ve z a h\se = ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,nev]!less1 z is said 9 ,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a1 if a *ur* be n to h&1 we p]mit travel]s to celebrate mass 9 ! op5 air1 or 9 a t5t1 if !re be a consecrat$ alt>-table to h&1 & ! o!r requisites belong+ to ! sacr$ function4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! h\se 9 :i* ?is sacram5t is celebrat$ d5otes ! ,*ur*1 & is t]m$ a *ur*2 & s x is fitt+ly consecrat$1 bo? to repres5t ! hol9ess :i* ! ,*ur* acquir$ f ! ,passion1 z well z to d5ote ! hol9ess requir$ ( !m :o h to receive ?is sacram5t4 ,by ! alt> ,*ri/ ,himself is signifi$1 ( ,:om ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #ac3ae73 ,?r\gh ,him we (f] a sacrifice ( praise to ,god4 ,h5ce ! consecration ( ! alt> signifies ,*ri/'s hol9ess1 ( :i* x 0 said 7,luke #a3ce73 ,! ,holy "o born ( !e %all be call$ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,h5ce we read 9 ,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a3 ,x has seem$ pleas+ = ! alt>s to be consecrat$ n m]ely ) ! ano9t+ ( *rism1 b likewise ) ! prie/ly bless+4 ,& !re=e1 z a rule1 x is n lawful to celebrate ?is sacram5t except 9 a consecrat$ h\se4 ,h5ce x is enact$ 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a73 ,let no prie/ presume to say mass except 9 places consecrat$ by ! bi%op4 ,& fur!rmore because pagans & o!r unbeliev]s are n memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 !re=e we read 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a73 ,x is n lawful to bless a *ur* 9 :i* ! bodies ( unbeliev]s are buri$1 b if x seem suitable = consecration1 !n1 aft] remov+ ! corpses & te>+ d[n ! walls or beams1 let x be rebuilt4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x has be5 already consecrat$1 & ! fai?ful lie 9 x1 x is lawful to celebrate mass !re94 ,nev]!less 9 a case ( necessity ?is sacram5t c be p]=m$ 9 h\ses :i* h n be5 consecrat$1 or :i* h be5 pr(an$2 b ) ! bi%op's cons5t4 ,h5ce we read 9 ! same di/9ction3 ,we deem t masses are n to be celebrat$ ev]y:]e1 b 9 places consecrat$ by ! bi%op1 or :]e he gives p]mission4 ,b n )\t a portable alt> consecrat$ by ! bi%op3 h5ce 9 ! same di/9ction we read3 ,we p]mit t1 if ! *ur*es be deva/at$ or burn$1 masses may be celebrat$ 9 *apels1 ) a consecrat$ alt>4 ,= because ,*ri/'s hol9ess is ! f\nt ( all ! ,*ur*'s hol9ess1 !re=e 9 necessity a consecrat$ alt> suffices = p]=m+ ?is sacram5t4 ,& on ?is acc\nt a *ur* is nev] consecrat$ )\t consecrat+ ! alt>4 ,yet sometimes an alt> is consecrat$ ap>t f ! *ur*1 ) ! relics ( ! sa9ts1 ^: lives are hidd5 ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god 7,col4 #c3c74 ,accord+ly "u ! same di/9ction we read3 ,x is our pleasure t alt>s1 9 :i* no relics ( sa9ts are f\nd enclos$1 be ?r[n d[n1 if possible1 by ! bi%ops presid+ ov] su* places4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! *ur*1 alt>1 & o!r l inanimate ?+s are consecrat$1 n because !y are capable ( receiv+ grace1 b because !y acquire special spiritual virtue f ! consecration1 :]eby !y are r5d]$ fit = ! ,div9e wor%ip1 s t man d]ives devotion !refrom1 mak+ him m fitt$ = ,div9e functions1 unless ?is be h9d]$ by want ( rev]5ce4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7#b ,macc4 #c3ch73 ,!re is und\bt$ly 9 t place a c]ta9 p[] ( ,god2 = ,he t ha? ,8 dwell+ 9 ! heav5s is ! visitor1 & ! protector ( t place4 ,h5ce x is t su* places are cleans$ & exorcis$ be=e be+ consecrat$1 t ! enemy's p[] may be driv5 =?4 ,& = ! same reason *ur*es defil$ by %$d+ ( blood or se$ are reconcil$3 because "s ma*9ation ( ! enemy is app>5t on acc\nt ( ! s9 committ$ !re4 ,& = ?is reason we read 9 ! same di/9ction3 ,:]ev] y f9d *ur*es ( ! ,arians1 consecrate !m z ,ca?olic *ur*es )\t delay by means ( dev\t pray]s & rites4 ,h5ce1 too1 x is t "s say ) probability1 t by ent]+ a consecrat$ *ur* "o obta9s =giv5ess ( v5ial s9s1 j z "o does by ! spr9kl+ ( holy wat]2 alleg+ ! words ( ,ps4 #hd3b1 #c3 ,"l1 ,?\ ha/ bless$ ,?y l& 4 4 4 ,?\ ha/ =giv5 ! iniquity ( ,?y p4 ,& !re=e1 9 consequ5ce ( ! virtue acquir$ by a *ur*'s consecration1 ! consecration is nev] repeat$4 ,accord+ly we f9d 9 ! same di/9ction ! foll[+ words quot$ f ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicaea3 ,*ur*es :i* h once be5 consecrat$1 mu/ n be consecrat$ aga91 except !y be deva/at$ by fire1 or defil$ by %$d+ ( blood or ( anyone's se$2 because1 j z a *ild once baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ought n to be baptiz$ aga91 s nei!r ought a place1 once d$icat$ to ,god1 to be consecrat$ aga91 except ow+ to ! causes m5tion$ above2 provid$ t ! consecrators held fai? 9 ! ,holy ,tr9ity3 9 fact1 ^? outside ! ,*ur* _c consecrate4 ,b1 z we read 9 ! same di/9ction3 ,*ur*es or alt>s ( d\btful consecration are to be consecrat$ anew4 ,& s9ce !y acquire special spiritual virtue f _! consecration1 we f9d x laid d[n 9 ! same di/9ction t ! beams ( a d$icat$ *ur* ought n to be us$ = any o!r purpose1 except x be = "s o!r *ur*1 or else !y are to be burn$1 or put to ! use ( bre?r5 9 "s mona/]y3 b on no acc\nt are !y to be disc>d$ = works ( ! laity4 ,we read !re1 too1 t ! alt> cov]+1 *air1 c&le/icks1 & veil1 are to be burn$ :5 w>n out2 & _! a%es are to be plac$ 9 ! bapti/]y1 or 9 ! walls1 or else ca/ into ! tr5*es b5ea? ! flag-/ones1 s z n to be defil$ by ! feet ( ^? t ent]4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,s9ce ! consecration ( ! alt> signifies ,*ri/'s hol9ess1 & ! consecration ( a h\se ! hol9ess ( ! entire ,*ur*1 !re=e ! consecration ( a *ur* or ( an alt> is m fitt+ly commemorat$4 ,& on ?is acc\nt ! solemnity ( a *ur* d$ication is obs]v$ = eight days1 9 ord] to signify ! happy resurrection ( ,*ri/ & ( ! ,*ur*'s memb]s4 ,nor is ! consecration ( a *ur* or alt> man's do+ only1 s9ce x has a spiritual virtue4 ,h5ce 9 ! same di/9ction 7,de ,consecr47 x is said3 ,! solemnities ( ! d$ication ( *ur*es are to be solemnly celebrat$ ea* ye>3 & t d$ications are to be kept up = eight days1 y w f9d 9 ! ?ird book ( ,k+s 7#h3ff74 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,z we read 9 ,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a1 alt>s1 if n ( /one1 are n to be consecrat$ ) ! ano9t+ ( *rism4 ,& ?is is 9 keep+ ) ! signification ( ?is sacram5t2 bo? because ! alt> signifies ,*ri/1 = 9 #a ,cor4 #aj3c1 x is writt51 ,b ! rock 0 ,*ri/3 & because ,*ri/'s body 0 laid 9 a /one sepul*re4 ,?is is also 9 keep+ ) ! use ( ! sacram5t4 ,because /one is solid1 & may be f\nd ev]y:]e1 :i* 0 n necess>y 9 ! old ,law1 :5 ! alt> 0 made 9 "o place4 ,z to ! comm&m5t to make ! alt> ( e>?1 or ( unhewn /ones1 ?is 0 giv5 9 ord] to remove idolatry4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,z is laid d[n 9 ! same di/9ction1 =m]ly ! prie/s did n use gold5 b wood5 *alices2 b ,pope ,zephyr9us ord]$ ! mass to be said ) glass pat5s2 & subsequ5tly ,pope ,urban _h ev]y?+ made ( silv]4 ,aft]w>ds x 0 decid$ t ! ,"l's *alice ) ! pat5 %\ld be made entirely ( gold1 or ( silv] or at lea/ ( t94 ,b x is n to be made ( brass1 or copp]1 because ! action ( ! w9e !reon produces v]digris1 & provokes vomit+4 ,b no "o is to presume to s+ mass ) a *alice ( wood or ( glass1 because z ! wood is por\s1 ! consecrat$ blood w\ld rema9 9 x2 :ile glass is brittle & !re might arise dang] ( breakage2 & ! same applies to /one4 ,consequ5tly1 out ( rev]5ce = ! sacram5t1 x 0 enact$ t ! *alice %\ld be made ( ! a=esaid mat]ials4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,:]e x c\ld be done )\t dang]1 ! ,*ur* gave ord] = t ?+ to be us$ :i* m expressively repres5ts ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,b !re 0 n s mu* dang] reg>d+ ! body :i* is plac$ on ! corporal1 z !re is ) ! blood conta9$ 9 ! *alice4 ,& consequ5tly1 al?\gh ! *alice is n made ( /one1 yet ! corporal is made ( l951 s9ce ,*ri/'s body 0 wrapp$ !re94 ,h5ce we read 9 an ,epi/le ( ,pope ,silve/]1 quot$ 9 ! same di/9ction3 ,by a unanim\s decree we comm& t no "o %all presume to celebrate ! sacrifice ( ! alt> ^u a clo? ( silk1 or dy$ mat]ial1 b ^u l95 consecrat$ by ! bi%op2 z ,*ri/'s body 0 buri$ 9 a clean l95 w9d+-%eet4 ,moreov]1 l95 mat]ial is becom+1 ow+ to its cleanness1 to d5ote purity ( consci5ce1 &1 ow+ to ! manifold labor ) :i* x is prep>$1 to d5ote ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #h3 ,! disp5s+ ( ! sacram5ts belongs to ! ,*ur*'s m9i/]s2 b _! consecration is f ,god ,himself4 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,*ur*'s m9i/]s c make no ord9ances reg>d+ ! =m ( ! consecration1 & ! mann] ( celebrat+4 ,& !re=e1 if ! prie/ pron\nces ! words ( consecration ov] ! prop] matt] ) ! int5tion ( consecrat+1 !n1 )\t e "o ( ! ?+s m5tion$ above--namely1 )\t h\se1 & alt>1 consecrat$ *alice & corporal1 & ! o!r ?+s in/itut$ by ! ,*ur*--he consecrates ,*ri/'s body 9 v tru?2 yet he is guilty ( grave s91 9 n foll[+ ! rite ( ! ,*ur*4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hc1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,words ,spok5 9 ,?is ,sacram5t ,are ,prop]ly ,fram$8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! words spok5 9 ?is sacram5t are n prop]ly fram$4 ,=1 z ,ambrose says 7,de ,sacram4 iv71 ?is sacram5t is consecrat$ ) ,*ri/'s own words4 ,!re=e no o!r words besides ,*ri/'s %\ld be spok5 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s words & de$s are made kn[n to u ?r\gh ! ,gospel4 ,b 9 consecrat+ ?is sacram5t words are us$ :i* are n set d[n 9 ! ,gospels3 = we d n read 9 ! ,gospel1 ( ,*ri/ lift+ up ,8 eyes to heav5 :ile consecrat+ ?is sacram5t3 & simil>ly x is said 9 ! ,gospel3 ,take ye & eat 7com$ite7 )\t ! addition ( ! ^w all1 :]eas 9 celebrat+ ?is sacram5t we say3 ,lift+ up ,8 eyes to heav51 & aga91 ,take ye & eat 7m&ucate7 ( ?is4 ,!re=e su* words z ^! are out ( place :5 spok5 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 all ! o!r sacram5ts are orda9$ = ! salvation ( all ! fai?ful4 ,b 9 ! celebration ( ! o!r sacram5ts !re is no common pray] put up = ! salvation ( all ! fai?ful & ( ! dep>t$4 ,consequ5tly x is unbecom+ 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,baptism especially is call$ ! sacram5t ( fai?4 ,consequ5tly1 ! tru?s :i* belong to in/ruction 9 ! fai? ought r to be giv5 reg>d+ ,baptism ?an reg>d+ ?is sacram5t1 su* z ! doctr9e ( ! apo/les & ( ! ,gospels4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 devotion on ! "p ( ! fai?ful is requir$ 9 e sacram5t4 ,consequ5tly1 ! devotion ( ! fai?ful ought n to be /irr$ up 9 ?is sacram5t m ?an 9 ! o!rs by ,div9e praises & by admonitions1 su* z1 ,lift up y\r he>ts4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 ! m9i/] ( ?is sacram5t is ! prie/1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hb1 ,a4 #a74 ,consequ5tly1 all ! words spok5 9 ?is sacram5t ought to be utt]$ by ! prie/1 & n "s by ! m9i/]s1 & "s by ! *oir4 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 ! ,div9e p[] works ?is sacram5t unfail+ly4 ,!re=e x is to no purpose t ! prie/ asks = ! p]fect+ ( ?is sacram5t1 say+3 ,:i* oblation d ?\1 ,o ,god1 9 all1 etc4 ,obj4 #h3 ,fur!r1 ! sacrifice ( ! ,new ,law is mu* m excell5t ?an ! sacrifice ( ! fa!rs ( old4 ,!re=e1 x is unfitt+ = ! prie/ to pray t ?is sacrifice may be z acceptable z ! sacrifice ( ,abel1 ,abraham1 & ,mel*is$e*4 ,objection #i3 ,fur!r1 j z ,*ri/'s body does n beg9 to be 9 ?is sacram5t by *ange ( place1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ge1 ,a4 #b71 s likewise nei!r does x cease to be !re4 ,consequ5tly1 x is improp] = ! prie/ to ask3 ,bid ^! ?+s be borne by ! h&s ( ?y holy angel unto ,?9e alt> on high4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we f9d x /at$ 9 ,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a1 t ,james1 ! bro!r ( ! ,"l accord+ to ! fle%1 & ,basil1 bi%op ( ,caes>ea1 edit$ ! rite ( celebrat+ ! mass3 & f _! au?ority x is manife/ t :atev] words are employ$ 9 ?is matt]1 are *os5 becom+ly4 ,i answ] t1 ,s9ce ! :ole my/]y ( our salvation is compris$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 !re=e is x p]=m$ ) great] solemnity ?an ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,& s9ce x is writt5 7,eccles4 #d3ag73 ,keep ?y foot :5 ?\ goe/ into ! h\se ( ,god2 & 7,ecclus4 #ah3bc73 ,be=e pray] prep>e ?y s\l1 !re=e ! celebration ( ?is my/]y is prec$$ by a c]ta9 prep>ation 9 ord] t we may p]=m wor?ily t :i* foll[s aft]4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is prep>ation is ,div9e praise1 & consi/s 9 ! ,introit3 accord+ to ,ps4 #di3bc3 ,! sacrifice ( praise %all glorify me2 & !re is ! way by :i* ,i w %[ him ! salvation ( ,god3 & ?is is tak5 = ! mo/ "p f ! ,psalms1 or1 at lea/1 is sung ) a ,psalm1 because1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii73 ,! ,psalms comprise by way ( praise :atev] is conta9$ 9 ,sacr$ ,scripture4 ,! second "p conta9s a ref]5ce to our pres5t mis]y1 by reason ( :i* we pray = m]cy1 say+3 ,"l1 h m]cy on u1 ?rice = ! ,p]son ( ! ,fa!r1 & ,*ri/1 h m]cy on u1 ?rice = ! ,p]son ( ! ,son1 & ,"l1 h m]cy on u1 ?rice = ! ,p]son ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 aga9/ ! ?reefold mis]y ( ignorance1 s91 & puni%m5t2 or else to express ! circum9session ( all ! ,div9e ,p]sons4 ,! ?ird "p commemorates ! heav5ly glory1 to ! possession ( :i*1 aft] ?is life ( mis]y1 we are t5d+1 9 ! words1 ,glory be to ,god on high1 :i* are sung on fe/ival days1 on :i* ! heav5ly glory is commemorat$1 b are omitt$ 9 ^? sorr[ful (fices :i* commemorate our unhappy /ate4 ,! f\r? "p conta9s ! pray] :i* ! prie/ makes = ! p1 t !y may be made wor?y ( su* great my/]ies4 ,!re prec$es1 9 ! second place1 ! in/ruction ( ! fai?ful1 because ?is sacram5t is a my/]y ( fai?1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gh1 ,a4 #c1 ad #e74 ,n[ ?is in/ruction is giv5 dispositively1 :5 ! ,lectors & ,sub-deacons read al\d 9 ! *ur* ! tea*+s ( ! prophets & apo/les3 aft] ?is lesson1 ! *oir s+ ! ,gradual1 :i* signifies progress 9 life2 !n ! ,alleluia is inton$1 & ?is d5otes spiritual joy2 or 9 m\rnful (fices ! ,tract1 expressive ( spiritual sigh+2 = all ^! ?+s ought to result f ! a=esaid tea*+4 ,b ! p are in/ruct$ p]fectly by ,*ri/'s tea*+ conta9$ 9 ! ,gospel1 :i* is read by ! high] m9i/]s1 t is1 by ! ,deacons4 ,& because we believe ,*ri/ z ! ,div9e tru?1 accord+ to ,john #h3df1 ,if ,i tell y ! tru?1 :y d y n believe ,me8 aft] ! ,gospel has be5 read1 ! ,cre$ is sung 9 :i* ! p %[ t !y ass5t by fai? to ,*ri/'s doctr9e4 ,& x is sung on ^? fe/ivals ( :i* m5tion is made !re91 z on ! fe/ivals ( ,*ri/1 ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & ( ! apo/les1 :o laid ! f\ndations ( ?is fai?1 & on o!r su* days4 ,s !n1 aft] ! p h be5 prep>$ & in/ruct$1 ! next /ep is to proce$ to ! celebration ( ! my/]y1 :i* is bo? (f]$ z a sacrifice1 & consecrat$ & receiv$ z a sacram5t3 s9ce fir/ we h ! oblation2 !n ! consecration ( ! matt] (f]$2 & ?irdly1 its reception4 ,9 reg>d to ! oblation1 two ?+s are done1 namely1 ! p's praise 9 s++ ! (f]tory1 express+ ! joy ( ! (f]]s1 & ! prie/'s pray] ask+ = ! p's oblation to be made acceptable to ,god4 ,h5ce ,david said 7#a ,p>a #bi3ag73 ,9 ! simplicity ( my he>t1 ,i h 4 4 4 (f]$ all ^! ?+s3 & ,i h se5 ) great joy ,?y p :i* are "h pres5t1 (f] ,!e _! (f]+s3 & !n he makes ! foll[+ pray]3 ,o ,"l ,god 4 4 4 keep 4 4 4 ?is w4 ,!n1 reg>d+ ! consecration1 p]=m$ by sup]natural p[]1 ! p are fir/ ( all excit$ to devotion 9 ! ,preface1 h5ce !y are admoni%$ to lift up _! he>ts to ! ,"l1 & !re=e :5 ! ,preface is end$ ! p dev\tly praise ,*ri/'s ,godhead1 say+ ) ! angels3 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy2 & ,8 humanity1 say+ ) ! *ildr53 ,bless$ is he t come?4 ,9 ! next place ! prie/ makes a commemoration1 fir/ ( ^? = :om ?is sacrifice is (f]$1 namely1 = ! :ole ,*ur*1 & = ^? set 9 high places 7#a ,tim4 #b3b71 &1 9 a special mann]1 ( !m :o (f]1 or = :om ! mass is (f]$4 ,secondly1 he commemorates ! sa9ts1 invok+ _! patronage = ^? m5tion$ above1 :5 he says3 ,communicat+ )1 & honor+ ! memory1 etc4 ,?irdly1 he concludes ! petition :5 he says3 ,:]e=e t ?is oblation1 etc41 9 ord] t ! oblation may be salut>y to !m = :om x is (f]$4 ,!n he comes to ! consecration itself4 ,"h he asks fir/ ( all = ! effect ( ! consecration1 :5 he says3 ,:i* oblation d ,?\1 ,o ,god1 etc4 ,secondly1 he p]=ms ! consecration us+ our ,savi\r's words1 :5 he says3 ,:o ! day be=e1 etc4 ,?irdly1 he makes excuse = 8 presumption 9 obey+ ,*ri/'s comm&1 say+3 ,:]e=e1 call+ to m9d1 etc4 ,f\r?ly1 he asks t ! sacrifice accompli%$ may f9d favor ) ,god1 :5 he says3 ,look d[n ^u !m ) a propiti\s1 etc4 ,fif?ly1 he begs = ! effect ( ?is sacrifice & sacram5t1 fir/ = ! p>tak]s1 say+3 ,we humbly besee* ,!e2 !n = ! dead1 :o c no long] receive x1 say+3 ,be m9dful also1 ,o ,"l1 etc42 ?irdly1 = ! prie/s !mselves :o (f]1 say+3 ,& to u s9n]s1 etc4 ,!n foll[s ! act ( receiv+ ! sacram5t4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! p are prep>$ = ,communion2 fir/1 by ! common pray] ( ! congregation1 :i* is ! ,"l's ,pray]1 9 :i* we ask = our daily bread to be giv5 u2 & also by private pray]1 :i* ! prie/ puts up specially = ! p1 :5 he says3 ,deliv] u1 we besee* ,!e1 ,o ,"l1 etc4 ,secondly1 ! p are prep>$ by ! ,pax :i* is giv5 ) ! words1 ,lamb ( ,god1 etc41 because ?is is ! sacram5t ( unity & peace1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #d2 ,q4 #gi1 ,a4 #a74 ,b 9 masses = ! dead1 9 :i* ! sacrifice is (f]$ n = pres5t peace1 b = ! repose ( ! dead1 ! ,pax is omitt$4 ,!n foll[s ! reception ( ! sacram5t1 ! prie/ receiv+ fir/1 & aft]w>ds giv+ x to o!rs1 because1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii71 he :o gives ,div9e ?+s to o!rs1 ought fir/ to p>take !re( himself4 ,f9ally1 ! :ole celebration ( mass ends ) ! ?anksgiv+1 ! p rejoic+ = hav+ receiv$ ! my/]y 7& ?is is ! mean+ ( ! s++ aft] ! ,communion72 & ! prie/ return+ ?anks by pray]1 z ,*ri/1 at ! close ( ! supp] ) ,8 disciples1 said a hymn 7,matt4 #bf3cj74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! consecration is accompli%$ by ,*ri/'s words only2 b ! o!r words mu/ be add$ to dispose ! p = receiv+ x1 z /at$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z is /at$ 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,john 7v]se #be71 our ,"l said & did _m ?+s :i* are n writt5 d[n by ! ,evangeli/s2 & among !m is ! uplift+ ( ,8 eyes to heav5 at ! supp]2 nev]!less ! ,roman ,*ur* _h x by tradition f ! apo/les4 ,= x seems reasonable t ,he ,:o lift$ up ,8 eyes to ! ,fa!r 9 rais+ ,laz>us to life1 z relat$ 9 ,john #aa3da1 & 9 ! pray] :i* ,he made = ! disciples 7,john #ag3a71 _h m reason to d s 9 in/itut+ ?is sacram5t1 z be+ ( great] import4 ,! use ( ! ^w m&ucate in/ead ( com$ite makes no diff]5ce 9 ! mean+1 nor does ! expression signify1 especially s9ce ^? words are no "p ( ! =m1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gh1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b1 #d74 ,! additional ^w all is und]/ood 9 ! ,gospels1 al?\gh n express$1 because ,he _h said 7,john #f3ed73 ,except y eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man 4 4 4 y %all n h life 9 y4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ,eu*>i/ is ! sacram5t ( ! unity ( ! :ole ,*ur*3 & !re=e 9 ?is sacram5t1 m ?an 9 ! o!rs1 m5tion ought to be made ( all t belongs to ! salvation ( ! entire ,*ur*4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,!re is a tw(old in/ruction 9 ! ,fai?3 ! fir/ is = ^? receiv+ x = ! fir/ "t1 t is to say1 = cate*um5s1 & su* in/ruction is giv5 9 connection ) ,baptism4 ,! o!r is ! in/ruction ( ! fai?ful :o take "p 9 ?is sacram5t2 & su* in/ruction is giv5 9 connection ) ?is sacram5t4 ,nev]!less cate*um5s & unbeliev]s are n exclud$ !refrom4 ,h5ce 9 ,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a1 x is laid d[n3 ,let ! bi%op h9d] no "o f ent]+ ! *ur*1 & he>+ ! ^w ( ,god1 be !y ,g5tiles1 h]etics1 or ,jews1 until ! mass ( ! ,cate*um5s beg9s1 9 :i* ! in/ruction reg>d+ ! ,fai? is conta9$4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,great] devotion is requir$ 9 ?is sacram5t ?an 9 ! o!rs1 = ! reason t ! entire ,*ri/ is conta9$ !re94 ,moreov]1 ?is sacram5t requires a m g5]al devotion1 i4e4 on ! "p ( ! :ole p1 s9ce = !m x is (f]$2 & n m]ely on ! "p ( ! recipi5ts1 z 9 ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,h5ce ,cyprian obs]ves 7,de ,orat4 ,dom94 #ca71 ,! prie/1 9 say+ ! ,preface1 disposes ! s\ls ( ! bre?r5 by say+1 ',lift up y\r he>ts1' & :5 ! p answ]--',we h lift$ !m up to ! ,"l1' let !m rememb] t !y are to ?9k ( no?+ else b ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,z 0 said above 7ad #c71 ^? ?+s are m5tion$ 9 ?is sacram5t :i* belong to ! entire ,*ur*2 & consequ5tly "s ?+s :i* ref] to ! p are sung by ! *oir1 & same ( ^! words are all sung by ! *oir1 z ?\gh inspir+ ! entire p ) !m2 & !re are o!r words :i* ! prie/ beg9s & ! p take up1 ! prie/ !n act+ z 9 ! p]son ( ,god2 to %[ t ! ?+s !y d5ote h come to ! p ?r\gh ,div9e revelation1 su* z fai? & heav5ly glory2 & !re=e ! prie/ intones ! ,cre$ & ! ,gloria 9 excelsis ,deo4 ,o!r words are utt]$ by ! m9i/]s1 su* z ! doctr9e ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 z a sign t ?is doctr9e 0 ann\nc$ to ! peoples ?r\gh m9i/]s s5t by ,god4 ,& !re are o!r words :i* ! prie/ alone recites1 namely1 su* z belong to 8 p]sonal (fice1 t he may (f] up gifts & pray]s = ! p 7,heb4 #e3a74 ,"s ( ^!1 h[ev]1 he says al\d1 namely1 su* z are common to prie/ & p alike1 su* z ! common pray]s2 o!r words1 h[ev]1 belong to ! prie/ alone1 su* z ! oblation & ! consecration2 consequ5tly1 ! pray]s t are said 9 connection ) ^! h to be said by ! prie/ 9 secret4 ,nev]!less1 9 bo? he calls ! p to att5tion by say+3 ,! ,"l be ) y1 & he waits = !m to ass5t by say+ ,am54 ,& !re=e be=e ! secret pray]s he says al\d1 ,! ,"l be ) y1 & he concludes1 ,= ev] & ev]4 ,or ! prie/ secretly pron\nces "s ( ! words z a tok5 t reg>d+ ,*ri/'s ,passion ! disciples ackn[l$g$ ,him only 9 secret4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,! efficacy ( ! sacram5tal words c be h9d]$ by ! prie/'s int5tion4 ,nor is !re any?+ unbecom+ 9 our ask+ ( ,god = :at we "k ,he w d1 j z ,*ri/ 7,john #ag3a1 #e7 ask$ = ,8 glorification4 ,b ! prie/ does n seem to pray !re = ! consecration to be fulfill$1 b t x may be fruitful 9 our reg>d1 h5ce he says expressively3 ,t x may become to u ! body & ! blood4 ,aga91 ! words prec$+ ^! h t mean+1 :5 he says3 ,v\*safe to make ?is oblation bless$1 i4e4 accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,pas*asius1 ,de ,corp4 et ,sang4 ,dom4 xii71 t we may receive a bless+1 namely1 ?r\gh grace2 'enroll$1' i4e4 t we may be enroll$ 9 heav52 'ratifi$1' i4e4 t we may be incorporat$ 9 ,*ri/2 'reasonable1' i4e4 t we may be /ripp$ ( our animal s5se2 'acceptable1' i4e4 t we :o 9 ourselves are displeas+1 may1 by its means1 be made acceptable to ,8 only ,son4 ,reply ,obj4 #h3 ,al?\gh ?is sacram5t is ( itself pref]able to all anci5t sacrifices1 yet ! sacrifices ( ! m5 ( old 7 mo/ acceptable to ,god on acc\nt ( _! devotion4 ,consequ5tly ! prie/ asks t ?is sacrifice may be accept$ by ,god ?r\gh ! devotion ( ! (f]]s1 j z ! =m] sacrifices 7 accept$ by ,him4 ,reply ,obj4 #i3 ,! prie/ does n pray t ! sacram5tal species may be borne up to heav52 nor t ,*ri/'s true body may be borne ?i!r1 = x does n cease to be !re2 b he (f]s ?is pray] = ,*ri/'s my/ical body1 :i* is signifi$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 t ! angel /&+ by at ! ,div9e my/]ies may pres5t to ,god ! pray]s ( bo? prie/ & p1 accord+ to ,apoc4 #h3d3 ,& ! smoke ( ! inc5se ( ! pray]s ( ! sa9ts asc5d$ up be=e ,god1 f ! h& ( ! angel4 ,b ,god's alt> on high means ei!r ! ,*ur* triumphant1 unto :i* we pray to be translat$1 or else ,god ,himself1 9 ,:om we ask to %>e2 because x is said ( ?is alt> 7,ex4 #bj3bf73 ,?\ %alt n g up by /eps unto ,my alt>1 i4e4 ?\ %alt make no /eps t[>ds ! ,tr9ity4 ,or else by ! angel we are to und]/& ,*ri/ ,himself1 ,:o is ! ,angel ( great c\nsel 7,isa4 #i3f3 ,septuag9t71 ,:o unites ,8 my/ical body ) ,god ! ,fa!r & ! ,*ur* triumphant4 ,& f ?is ! mass d]ives its "n 7missa72 because ! prie/ s5ds 7mittit7 8 pray]s up to ,god ?r\gh ! angel1 z ! p d ?r\gh ! prie/1 or else because ,*ri/ is ! victim s5t 7missa7 to u3 accord+ly ! deacon on fe/ival days dismisses ! p at ! end ( ! mass1 by say+3 ,ite1 missa e/1 t is1 ! victim has be5 s5t 7missa e/7 to ,god ?r\gh ! angel1 s t x may be accept$ by ,god4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hc1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,actions ,p]=m$ 9 ,celebrat+ ,?is ,sacram5t ,are ,becom+8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! actions p]=m$ 9 celebrat+ ?is my/]y are n becom+4 ,=1 z is evid5t f its =m1 ?is sacram5t belongs to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b "u ! ,new ,te/am5t ! c]emonies ( ! old are n to be obs]v$1 su* z t ! prie/s & m9i/]s 7 purifi$ ) wat] :5 !y drew nigh to (f] up ! sacrifice3 = we read 7,ex4 #cj3ai1 #bj73 ,a>on & 8 sons %all wa% _! h&s & feet 4 4 4 :5 !y are go+ into ! tab]nacle ( ! te/imony 4 4 4 & :5 !y are to come to ! alt>4 ,!re=e x is n fitt+ t ! prie/ %\ld wa% 8 h&s :5 celebrat+ mass4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 7,ex4 #cj3g71 ! ,"l comm&$ ,a>on to burn sweet-smell+ inc5se ^u ! alt> :i* 0 be=e ! propitiatory3 & ! same action 0 "p ( ! c]emonies ( ! ,old ,law4 ,!re=e x is n fitt+ = ! prie/ to use inc5se dur+ mass4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! c]emonies p]=m$ 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* ought n to be repeat$4 ,consequ5tly x is n prop] = ! prie/ to repeat ! sign ( ! cross _m times ov] ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #g3g73 ,& )\t all contradiction1 t :i* is less1 is bless$ by ! bett]4 ,b ,*ri/1 ,:o is 9 ?is sacram5t aft] ! consecration1 is mu* great] ?an ! prie/4 ,!re=e q unseem+ly ! prie/1 aft] ! consecration1 blesses ?is sacram5t1 by sign+ x ) ! cross4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 no?+ :i* appe>s ridicul\s ought to be done 9 "o ( ! ,*ur*'s sacram5ts4 ,b x seems ridicul\s to p]=m ge/ures1 e4g4 = ! prie/ to /ret* out 8 arms at times1 to jo9 8 h&s1 to jo9 toge!r 8 f+]s1 & to b[ d[n4 ,consequ5tly1 su* ?+s ought n to be done 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 x seems ridicul\s = ! prie/ to turn r\nd frequ5tly t[>ds ! p1 & (t5 to greet ! p4 ,consequ5tly1 su* ?+s ought n to be done 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 #ac7 deems x improp] = ,*ri/ to be divid$4 ,b ,*ri/ is 9 ?is sacram5t aft] ! consecration4 ,!re=e x is n prop] = ! prie/ to divide ! ho/4 ,obj4 #h3 ,fur!r1 ! c]emonies p]=m$ 9 ?is sacram5t repres5t ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,b dur+ ! ,passion ,*ri/'s body 0 divid$ 9 ! places ( ! five w\nds4 ,!re=e ,*ri/'s body ought to be brok5 into five p>ts r ?an into ?ree4 ,objection #i3 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/'s entire body is consecrat$ 9 ?is sacram5t ap>t f ! blood4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n prop] = a p>ticle ( ! body to be mix$ ) ! blood4 ,objection #aj3 ,fur!r1 j z1 9 ?is sacram5t1 ,*ri/'s body is set be=e u z food1 s is ,8 blood1 z dr9k4 ,b 9 receiv+ ,*ri/'s body no o!r bodily food is add$ 9 ! celebration ( ! mass4 ,!re=e1 x is out ( place = ! prie/1 aft] tak+ ,*ri/'s blood1 to receive o!r w9e :i* is n consecrat$4 ,objection #aa3 ,fur!r1 ! tru? ought to be con=mable ) ! figure4 ,b reg>d+ ! ,pas*al ,lamb1 :i* 0 a figure ( ?is sacram5t1 x 0 comm&$ t no?+ ( x %\ld rema9 until ! morn+4 ,x is improp] !re=e = consecrat$ ho/s to be res]v$1 & n consum$ at once4 ,objection #ab3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/ addresses 9 ! plural numb] ^? :o are he>+ mass1 :5 he says1 ,! ,"l be ) y3 &1 ,let u return ?anks4 ,b x is out ( keep+ to address "o individual 9 ! plural numb]1 especially an inf]ior4 ,consequ5tly x seems unfitt+ = a prie/ to say mass ) only a s+le s]v] pres5t4 ,!re=e 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t x seems t "s ( ! ?+s done are out ( place4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! cu/om ( ! ,*ur* /&s = ^! ?+s3 & ! ,*ur* _c err1 s9ce %e is taught by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,i answ] t1 ,z 0 said above 7,q4 #fj1 ,a4 #f71 !re is a tw(old mann] ( signification 9 ! sacram5ts1 by words1 & by actions1 9 ord] t ! signification may ?us be m p]fect4 ,n[1 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t words are us$ to signify ?+s p]ta9+ to ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 ?is sacram5t2 or aga91 p]ta9+ to ,*ri/'s my/ical body1 :i* is signifi$ !re92 & aga91 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! use ( ?is sacram5t1 :i* use ought to be dev\t & rev]5t4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ! celebration ( ?is my/]y "s ?+s are done 9 ord] to repres5t ,*ri/'s ,passion1 or ! dispos+ ( ,8 my/ical body1 & "s o!rs are done :i* p]ta9 to ! devotion & rev]5ce due to ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! wa%+ ( ! h&s is done 9 ! celebration ( mass out ( rev]5ce = ?is sacram5t2 & ?is = two reasons3 fir/1 because we are n wont to h&le preci\s objects except ! h&s be wa%$2 h5ce x seems indec5t = anyone to approa* s great a sacram5t ) h&s t are1 ev5 lit]ally1 unclean4 ,secondly1 on acc\nt ( its signification1 because1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii71 ! wa%+ ( ! extremities ( ! limbs d5otes cleans+ f ev5 ! smalle/ s9s1 accord+ to ,john #ac3aj3 ,he t is wa%$ ne$e? n b to wa% 8 feet4 ,& su* cleans+ is requir$ ( him :o approa*es ?is sacram5t2 & ?is is d5ot$ by ! confession :i* is made be=e ! ,introit ( ! mass4 ,moreov]1 ?is 0 signifi$ by ! wa%+ ( ! prie/s "u ! ,old ,law1 z ,dionysius says 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii74 ,h[ev]1 ! ,*ur* obs]ves ?is c]emony1 n because x 0 prescrib$ "u ! ,old ,law1 b because x is becom+ 9 itself1 & !re=e in/itut$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,h5ce x is n obs]v$ 9 ! same way z x 0 !n3 because ! wa%+ ( ! feet is omitt$1 & ! wa%+ ( ! h&s is obs]v$2 = ?is c be done m readily1 & suffices = d5ot+ p]fect cleans+4 ,=1 s9ce ! h& is ! organ ( organs 7,de ,anima iii71 all works are attribut$ to ! h&s3 h5ce x is said 9 ,ps4 #be3f3 ,i w wa% my h&s among ! innoc5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,we use inc5se1 n z comm&$ by a c]emonial precept ( ! ,law1 b z prescrib$ by ! ,*ur*2 accord+ly we d n use x 9 ! same fa%ion z x 0 ord]$ "u ! ,old ,law4 ,x has ref]5ce to two ?+s3 fir/1 to ! rev]5ce due to ?is sacram5t1 i4e4 9 ord] by its good odor1 to remove any disagreeable smell t may be ab\t ! place2 secondly1 x s]ves to %[ ! effect ( grace1 :]e) ,*ri/ 0 fill$ z ) a good odor1 accord+ to ,g54 #bg3bg3 ,behold1 ! odor ( my son is l ! odor ( a ripe field2 & f ,*ri/ x spreads to ! fai?ful by ! "w ( ,8 m9i/]s1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #b3ad3 ,he manife/e? ! odor ( 8 k by u 9 e place2 & !re=e :5 ! alt> :i* repres5ts ,*ri/1 has be5 inc5s$ on e side1 !n all are inc5s$ 9 _! prop] ord]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! prie/1 9 celebrat+ ! mass1 makes use ( ! sign ( ! cross to signify ,*ri/'s ,passion :i* 0 end$ ^u ! cross4 ,n[1 ,*ri/'s ,passion 0 accompli%$ 9 c]ta9 /ages4 ,fir/ ( all !re 0 ,*ri/'s betrayal1 :i* 0 ! "w ( ,god1 ( ,judas1 & ( ! ,jews2 & ?is is signifi$ by ! triple sign ( ! cross at ! words1 ,^! gifts1 ^! pres5ts1 ^! holy unspott$ sacrifices4 ,secondly1 !re 0 ! sell+ ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ he 0 sold to ! ,prie/s1 to ! ,scribes1 & to ! ,ph>isees3 & to signify ?is ! ?reefold sign ( ! cross is repeat$1 at ! words1 bless$1 enroll$1 ratifi$4 ,or aga91 to signify ! price = :i* ,he 0 sold1 viz4 ?irty p5ce4 ,& a d\ble cross is add$ at ! words--t x may become to u ! ,body & ! ,blood1 etc41 to signify ! p]son ( ,judas ! sell]1 & ( ,*ri/ ,:o 0 sold4 ,?irdly1 !re 0 ! =e%ad[+ ( ! ,passion at ! la/ supp]4 ,to d5ote ?is1 9 ! ?ird place1 two crosses are made1 "o 9 consecrat+ ! body1 ! o!r 9 consecrat+ ! blood2 ea* "t :ile say+1 ,he bless$4 ,f\r?ly1 !re 0 ,*ri/'s ,passion itself4 ,& s 9 ord] to repres5t ,8 five w\nds1 9 ! f\r? place1 !re is a fivefold sign+ ( ! cross at ! words1 a pure ,victim1 a holy ,victim1 a spotless ,victim1 ! holy bread ( et]nal life1 & ! cup ( ev]la/+ salvation4 ,fif?ly1 ! out/ret*+ ( ,*ri/'s body1 & ! %$d+ ( ! blood1 & ! fruits ( ! ,passion1 are signifi$ by ! triple sign+ ( ! cross at ! words1 z _m z %all receive ! body & blood1 may be fill$ ) e bless+1 etc4 ,six?ly1 ,*ri/'s ?reefold pray] ^u ! cross is repres5t$2 "o = ,8 p]secutors :5 ,he said1 ,fa!r1 =give !m2 ! second = deliv]ance f dea?1 :5 ,he cri$1 ,my ,god1 ,my ,god1 :y ha/ ,?\ =sak5 ,me8 ! ?ird ref]r+ to ,8 entrance into glory1 :5 ,he said1 ,fa!r1 into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d ,my _s2 & 9 ord] to d5ote ^! !re is a triple sign+ ) ! cross made at ! words1 ,?\ do/ sanctify1 quick51 bless4 ,sev5?ly1 ! ?ree h\rs dur+ :i* ,he hung ^u ! cross1 t is1 f ! six? to ! n9? h\r1 are repres5t$2 9 signification ( :i* we make once m a triple sign ( ! cross at ! words1 ,?r\gh ,him1 & ) ,him1 & 9 ,him4 ,eigh?ly1 ! sep>ation ( ,8 s\l f ! body is signifi$ by ! two subsequ5t crosses made ov] ! *alice4 ,n9?ly1 ! resurrection on ! ?ird day is repres5t$ by ! ?ree crosses made at ! words--,may ! peace ( ! ,"l be ev] ) y4 ,9 %ort1 we may say t ! consecration ( ?is sacram5t1 & ! acceptance ( ?is sacrifice1 & its fruits1 proce$ f ! virtue ( ! cross ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e :]ev] m5tion is made ( ^!1 ! prie/ makes use ( ! sign ( ! cross4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,aft] ! consecration1 ! prie/ makes ! sign ( ! cross1 n = ! purpose ( bless+ & consecrat+1 b only = call+ to m9d ! virtue ( ! cross1 & ! mann] ( ,*ri/'s suff]+1 z is evid5t f :at has be5 said 7ad #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,! actions p]=m$ by ! prie/ 9 mass are n ridicul\s ge/ures1 s9ce !y are done s z to repres5t some?+ else4 ,! prie/ 9 ext5d+ 8 arms signifies ! out/ret*+ ( ,*ri/'s arms ^u ! cross4 ,he also lifts up 8 h&s z he prays1 to po9t out t 8 pray] is direct$ to ,god = ! p1 accord+ to ,lam4 #c3da3 ,let u lift up our he>ts ) our h&s to ! ,"l 9 ! heav5s3 & ,ex4 #ag3aa3 ,& :5 ,moses lift$ up 8 h&s ,israel ov]came4 ,t at times he jo9s 8 h&s1 & b[s d[n1 pray+ e>ne/ly & humbly1 d5otes ! humility & ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/1 out ( :i* ,he suff]$4 ,he closes 8 f+]s1 i4e4 ! ?umb & fir/ f+]1 aft] ! consecration1 because1 ) !m1 he _h t\*$ ! consecrat$ body ( ,*ri/2 s t if any p>ticle cl+ to ! f+]s1 x may n be scatt]$3 & ?is belongs to ! rev]5ce = ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,five times does ! prie/ turn r\nd t[>ds ! p1 to d5ote t our ,"l manife/$ ,himself five times on ! day ( ,8 ,resurrection1 z /at$ above 9 ! treatise on ,*ri/'s ,resurrection 7,q4 #ee1 ,a4 #c1 ,obj4 #c74 ,b ! prie/ greets ! p sev5 times1 namely1 five times1 by turn+ r\nd to ! p1 & twice )\t turn+ r\nd1 namely1 :5 he says1 ,! ,"l be ) y be=e ! ,preface1 & aga9 :5 he says1 ,may ! peace ( ! ,"l be ev] ) y3 & ?is is to d5ote ! sev5fold grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b a bi%op1 :5 he celebrates on fe/ival days1 9 8 fir/ greet+ says1 ,peace be to y1 :i* 0 our ,"l's greet+ aft] ,resurrection1 ,^: p]son ! bi%op *iefly repres5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,! break+ ( ! ho/ d5otes ?ree ?+s3 fir/1 ! r5d+ ( ,*ri/'s body1 :i* took place 9 ! ,passion2 secondly1 ! di/9ction ( ,8 my/ical body accord+ to its v>i\s /ates2 & ?irdly1 ! di/ribution ( ! graces :i* fl[ f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 z ,dionysius obs]ves 7,eccl4 ,hi]4 iii74 ,h5ce ?is break+ does n imply sev]ance 9 ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #h3 ,z ,pope ,s]gius says1 & x is to be f\nd 9 ! ,decretals 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 ii71 ! ,"l's body is ?reefold2 ! "p (f]$ & put into ! *alice signifies ,*ri/'s ris5 body1 namely1 ,*ri/ ,himself1 & ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & ! o!r sa9ts1 if !re be any1 :o are already 9 glory ) _! bodies4 ,! "p consum$ d5otes ^? /ill walk+ ^u e>?1 because :ile liv+ ^u e>? !y are unit$ toge!r by ?is sacram5t2 & are bruis$ by ! passions1 j z ! bread eat5 is bruis$ by ! tee?4 ,! "p res]v$ on ! alt> till ! close ( ! mass1 is ,8 body hidd5 9 ! sepul*re1 because ! bodies ( ! sa9ts w be 9 _! graves until ! end ( ! _w3 ?\gh _! s\ls are ei!r 9 purgatory1 or 9 heav54 ,h[ev]1 ?is rite ( res]v+ "o "p on ! alt> till ! close ( ! mass is no long] obs]v$1 on acc\nt ( ! dang]2 nev]!less1 ! same mean+ ( ! p>ts cont9ues1 :i* "s p]sons h express$ 9 v]se1 ?us3 ,! ho/ be+ r5t-- ,:at is dipp$1 means ! ble/2 ,:at is dry1 means ! liv+2 ,:at is kept1 ^? at re/4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 say t ! "p put into ! *alice d5otes ^? /ill liv+ 9 ?is _w1 :ile ! "p kept outside ! *alice d5otes ^? fully bless$ bo? 9 s\l & body2 :ile ! "p consum$ means ! o!rs4 ,reply ,obj4 #i3 ,two ?+s c be signifi$ by ! *alice3 fir/1 ! ,passion itself1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 ?is sacram5t1 & accord+ to ?is1 by ! "p put into ! *alice are d5ot$ ^? :o are /ill %>]s ( ,*ri/'s suff]+s2 secondly1 ! enjoym5t ( ! ,bless$ c be signifi$1 :i* is likewise =e%ad[$ 9 ?is sacram5t2 & !re=e ^? ^: bodies are already 9 full beatitude1 are d5ot$ by ! "p put into ! *alice4 ,& x is to be obs]v$ t ! "p put into ! *alice ought n to be giv5 to ! p to supplem5t ! communion1 because ,*ri/ gave dipp$ bread only to ,judas ! betray]4 ,reply ,obj4 #aj3 ,w9e1 by reason ( its humidity1 is capable ( wa%+1 consequ5tly x is receiv$ 9 ord] to r9se ! m\? aft] receiv+ ?is sacram5t1 le/ any p>ticles rema93 & ?is belongs to rev]5ce = ! sacram5t4 ,h5ce 7,extra1 ,de ,celebratione missae1 *ap4 ,ex p>te71 x is said3 ,! prie/ %\ld always cleanse 8 m\? ) w9e aft] receiv+ ! entire sacram5t ( ,eu*>i/3 except :5 he has to celebrate ano!r mass on ! same day1 le/ f tak+ ! ablution-w9e he be prev5t$ f celebrat+ aga92 & x is = ! same reason t w9e is p\r$ ov] ! f+]s ) :i* he _h t\*$ ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,reply ,obj4 #aa3 ,! tru? ought to be con=mable ) ! figure1 9 "s respect3 namely1 because a "p ( ! ho/ consecrat$1 ( :i* ! prie/ & m9i/]s or ev5 ! p communicate1 ought n to be res]v$ until ! day foll[+4 ,h5ce1 z is laid d[n 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 ii71 ,pope ,clem5t ,i ord]$ t z _m ho/s are to be (f]$ on ! alt> z %all suffice = ! p2 %\ld any be left ov]1 !y are n to be res]v$ until ! morr[1 b let ! cl]gy c>efully consume !m ) fe> & trembl+4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce ?is sacram5t is to be receiv$ daily1 :]eas ! ,pas*al ,lamb 0 n1 x is !re=e necess>y = o!r ho/s to be res]v$ = ! sick4 ,h5ce we read 9 ! same di/9ction3 ,let ! prie/ always h ! ,eu*>i/ ready1 s t1 :5 anyone fall sick1 he may take ,communion to him at once1 le/ he die )\t x4 ,reply ,obj4 #ab3 ,sev]al p]sons ought to be pres5t at ! solemn celebration ( ! mass4 ,h5ce ,pope ,sot] says 7,de ,consecr41 di/4 #a73 ,x has also be5 orda9$1 t no prie/ is to presume to celebrate solemn mass1 unless two o!rs be pres5t answ]+ him1 :ile he himself makes ! ?ird2 because :5 he says 9 ! plural1 ',! ,"l be ) y1' & aga9 9 ! ,secrets1 ',pray ye = me1' x is mo/ becom+ t !y %\ld answ] 8 greet+4 ,h5ce x is = ! sake ( great] solemnity t we f9d x decre$ 7,de ,consecr4 di/4 #a7 t a bi%op is to solemnize mass ) sev]al assi/ants4 ,nev]!less1 9 private masses x suffices to h "o s]v]1 :o takes ! place ( ! :ole ,ca?olic p1 on ^: behalf he makes answ] 9 ! plural to ! prie/4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hc1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,defects ,occurr+ ,dur+ ! ,celebration ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,c ,be ,suffici5tly ,met by ,obs]v+ ! ,*ur*'s ,/atutes8 ,objection #a3 ,x seems t ! defects occurr+ dur+ ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t _c be suffici5tly met by obs]v+ ! /atutes ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= x sometimes happ5s t be=e or aft] ! consecration ! prie/ dies or goes mad1 or is h9d]$ by "s o!r infirmity f receiv+ ! sacram5t & complet+ ! mass4 ,consequ5tly x seems impossible to obs]ve ! ,*ur*'s /atute1 :]eby ! prie/ consecrat+ mu/ communicate ( 8 own sacrifice4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x sometimes happ5s t1 be=e ! consecration1 ! prie/ rememb]s t he has eat5 or drunk some?+1 or t he is 9 mortal s91 or "u excommunication1 :i* he did n rememb] previ\sly4 ,!re=e1 9 su* a dilemma a man mu/ necess>ily commit mortal s9 by act+ aga9/ ! ,*ur*'s /atute1 :e!r he receives or n4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x sometimes happ5s t a fly or a spid]1 or "s o!r poison\s creature falls into ! *alice aft] ! consecration4 ,or ev5 t ! prie/ comes to "k t poison has be5 put 9 by "s evilly dispos$ p]son 9 ord] to kill him4 ,n[ 9 ?is in/ance1 if he takes x1 he appe>s to s9 by kill+ himself1 or by tempt+ ,god3 also 9 l mann] if he does n take x1 he s9s by act+ aga9/ ! ,*ur*'s /atute4 ,consequ5tly1 he seems to be p]plex$1 & "u necessity ( s9n+1 :i* is n becom+4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 x sometimes happ5s f ! s]v]'s want ( he$ t wat] is n add$ to ! *alice1 or ev5 ! w9e ov]look$1 & t ! prie/ discov]s ?is4 ,!re=e he seems to be p]plex$ likewise 9 ?is case1 :e!r he receives ! body )\t ! blood1 ?us mak+ ! sacrifice to be incomplete1 or :e!r he receives nei!r ! body nor ! blood4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 x sometimes happ5s t ! prie/ _c rememb] hav+ said ! words ( consecration1 or o!r words :i* are utt]$ 9 ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,9 ?is case he seems to s91 :e!r he repeats ! words ov] ! same matt]1 :i* words possibly he has said be=e1 or :e!r he uses bread & w9e :i* are n consecrat$1 z if !y 7 consecrat$4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 x sometimes comes to pass ow+ to ! cold t ! ho/ w slip f ! prie/'s h&s into ! *alice1 ei!r be=e or aft] ! break+4 ,9 ?is case !n ! prie/ w n be able to comply ) ! ,*ur*'s rite1 ei!r z to ! break+1 or else z to ?is1 t only a ?ird "p is put into ! *alice4 ,obj4 #g3 ,fur!r1 sometimes1 too1 x happ5s1 ow+ to ! prie/'s want ( c>e1 t ,*ri/'s blood is spill$1 or t he vomits ! sacram5t receiv$1 or t ! consecrat$ ho/s are kept s long t !y become corrupt1 or t !y are nibbl$ by mice1 or lo/ 9 any mann] :atsoev]2 9 :i* cases x does n seem possible = due rev]5ce to be %[n t[>ds ?is sacram5t1 z ! ,*ur*'s ord9ances require4 ,x does n seem !n t su* defects or dang]s c be met by keep+ to ! ,*ur*'s /atutes4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,j z ,god does n comm& an impossibility1 s nei!r does ! ,*ur*4 ,i answ] t1 ,dang]s or defects happ5+ to ?is sacram5t c be met 9 two ways3 fir/1 by prev5t+ any su* mi%aps f occurr+3 secondly1 by deal+ ) !m 9 su* a way1 t :at may h happ5$ amiss is put "r1 ei!r by employ+ a rem$y1 or at lea/ by rep5tance on 8 "p :o has act$ neglig5tly reg>d+ ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,if ! prie/ be /rick5 by dea? or grave sickness be=e ! consecration ( our ,"l's body & blood1 !re is no ne$ = x to be complet$ by ano!r4 ,b if ?is happ5s aft] ! consecration is begun1 = in/ance1 :5 ! body has be5 consecrat$ & be=e ! consecration ( ! blood1 or ev5 aft] bo? h be5 consecrat$1 !n ! celebration ( ! mass ought to be f9i%$ by someone else4 ,h5ce1 z is laid d[n 7,decretal vii1 q4 #a71 we read ! foll[+ decree ( ! 7,sev5?7 ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o3 ,we consid] x to be fitt+ t :5 ! sacr$ my/]ies are consecrat$ by prie/s dur+ ! "t ( mass1 if any sickness sup]v5es1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y _c f9i% ! my/]y begun1 let x be free = ! bi%op or ano!r prie/ to f9i% ! consecration ( ! (fice ?us begun4 ,= no?+ else is suitable = complet+ ! my/]ies comm5c$1 unless ! consecration be complet$ ei!r by ! prie/ :o began x1 or by ! "o :o foll[s him3 because !y _c be complet$ except !y be p]=m$ 9 p]fect ord]4 ,= s9ce we are all "o 9 ,*ri/1 ! *ange ( p]sons makes no diff]5ce1 s9ce unity ( fai? insures ! happy issue ( ! my/]y4 ,yet let n ! c\rse we propose = cases ( natural debility1 be presumptu\sly abus$3 & let no m9i/] or prie/ presume ev] to leave ! ,div9e (fices unf9i%$1 unless he be absolutely prev5t$ f cont9u+4 ,if anyone %all h ra%ly presum$ to d s1 he w incur s5t5ce ( excommunication4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:]e difficulty arises1 ! less dang]\s c\rse %\ld always be foll[$4 ,b ! greate/ dang] reg>d+ ?is sacram5t lies 9 :atev] may prev5t its completion1 because ?is is a he9\s sacrilege2 :ile t dang] is ( less acc\nt :i* reg>ds ! condition ( ! receiv]4 ,consequ5tly1 if aft] ! consecration has be5 begun ! prie/ rememb]s t he has eat5 or drunk any?+1 he ought nev]!less to complete ! sacrifice & receive ! sacram5t4 ,likewise1 if he recalls a s9 committ$1 he ought to make an act ( contrition1 ) ! firm purpose ( confess+ & mak+ satisfaction = x3 & ?us he w n receive ! sacram5t unwor?ily1 b ) pr(it4 ,! same applies if he calls to m9d t he is "u "s excommunication2 = he ought to make ! resolution ( humbly seek+ absolution2 & s he w receive absolution f ! invisible ,high ,prie/ ,jesus ,*ri/ = 8 act ( complet+ ! ,div9e my/]ies4 ,b if he calls to m9d any ( ! above facts previ\s to ! consecration1 ,i %\ld deem x saf] = him to int]rupt ! mass begun1 especially if he has brok5 8 fa/1 or is "u excommunication1 unless grave sc&al 7 to be fe>$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if a fly or a spid] falls into ! *alice be=e consecration1 or if x be discov]$ t ! w9e is poison$1 x ought to be p\r$ out1 & aft] purify+ ! *alice1 fre% w9e %\ld be s]v$ = consecration4 ,b if any?+ ( ! sort happ5 aft] ! consecration1 ! insect %\ld be caught c>efully & wa%$ ?or\ghly1 !n burn$1 & ! ablution1 toge!r ) ! a%es1 ?r[n into ! sacr>ium4 ,if x be discov]$ t ! w9e has be5 poison$1 ! prie/ %\ld nei!r receive x nor adm9i/] x to o!rs on any acc\nt1 le/ ! life-giv+ *alice become "o ( dea?1 b x ought to be kept 9 a suitable vessel ) ! relics3 & 9 ord] t ! sacram5t may n rema9 incomplete1 he ought to put o!r w9e into ! *alice1 resume ! mass f ! consecration ( ! blood1 & complete ! sacrifice4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,if be=e ! consecration ( ! blood1 & aft] ! consecration ( ! body ! prie/ detect t ei!r ! w9e or ! wat] is abs5t1 !n he ought at once to add !m & consecrate4 ,b if aft] ! words ( consecration he discov] t ! wat] is abs5t1 he ought not)/&+ to proce$ /raight on1 because ! addition ( ! wat] is n necess>y = ! sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #g73 nev]!less ! p]son responsible = ! neglect ought to be puni%$4 ,& on no acc\nt %\ld wat] be mix$ ) ! consecrat$ w9e1 because corruption ( ! sacram5t w\ld ensue 9 "p1 z 0 said above 7,q4 #gg1 ,a4 #h74 ,b if aft] ! words ( consecration ! prie/ p]ceive t no w9e has be5 put 9 ! *alice1 & if he detect x be=e receiv+ ! body1 !n reject+ ! wat]1 he ought to p\r 9 w9e ) wat]1 & beg9 ov] aga9 ! consecrat+ words ( ! blood4 ,b if he notice x aft] receiv+ ! body1 he ought to procure ano!r ho/ :i* mu/ be consecrat$ toge!r ) ! blood2 & ,i say s = ?is reason1 because if he 7 to say only ! words ( consecration ( ! blood1 ! prop] ord] ( consecrat+ w\ld n be obs]v$2 &1 z is laid d[n by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 quot$ above 7ad #a71 sacrifices _c be p]fect1 except !y be p]=m$ 9 p]fect ord]4 ,b if he 7 to beg9 f ! consecration ( ! blood1 & 7 to repeat all ! words :i* foll[1 x w\ld n suffice1 unless !re 0 a consecrat$ ho/ pres5t1 s9ce 9 ^? words !re are ?+s to be said & done n only reg>d+ ! blood1 b also reg>d+ ! body2 & at ! close he ought once m to receive ! consecrat$ ho/ & blood1 ev5 if he _h already tak5 ! wat] :i* 0 9 ! *alice1 because ! precept ( ! complet+ ?is sacram5t is ( great] weight ?an ! precept ( receiv+ ! sacram5t :ile fa/+1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hj1 ,a4 #h74 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,al?\gh ! prie/ may n recollect hav+ said "s ( ! words he ought to say1 he ought n to be di/urb$ m5tally on t acc\nt2 = a man :o utt]s _m words _c recall to m9d all t he has said2 unless p]*ance 9 utt]+ !m he adv]ts to some?+ connect$ ) ! consecration2 = s x is impress$ on ! memory4 ,h5ce1 if a man pays att5tion to :at he is say+1 b )\t adv]t+ to ! fact t he is say+ ^! p>ticul> words1 he rememb]s soon aft] t he has said !m2 =1 a ?+ is pres5t$ to ! memory "u ! =mality ( ! pa/ 7,de ,mem4 et ,rem94 i74 ,b if x seem to ! prie/ t he has probably omitt$ "s ( ! words t are n necess>y = ! sacram5t1 ,i ?9k t he ought n to repeat !m on t acc\nt1 *ang+ ! ord] ( ! sacrifice1 b t he ought to proce$3 b if he is c]ta9 t he has left out any ( ^? t are necess>y = ! sacram5t1 namely1 ! =m ( ! consecration1 s9ce ! =m ( ! consecration is necess>y = ! sacram5t1 j z ! matt] is1 x seems t ! same ?+ ought to be done z 0 /at$ above 7ad #d7 ) reg>d to defect 9 ! matt]1 namely1 t he %\ld beg9 aga9 ) ! =m ( ! consecration1 & repeat ! o!r ?+s 9 ord]1 le/ ! ord] ( ! sacrifice be alt]$4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,! break+ ( ! consecrat$ ho/1 & ! putt+ ( only "o "p into ! *alice1 reg>ds ! my/ical body1 j z ! mix+ ) wat] signifies ! p1 & !re=e ! omission ( ei!r ( !m causes no su* imp]fection 9 ! sacrifice1 z calls = repetition reg>d+ ! celebration ( ?is sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #g3 ,accord+ to ! decree1 ,de ,consecr41 di/4 ii1 quot+ a decree ( ,pope ,pius ,i1 ,if f neglect any ( ! blood falls ^u a bo>d :i* is fix$ to ! gr\nd1 let x be tak5 up ) ! tongue1 & let ! bo>d be scrap$4 ,b if x be n a bo>d1 let ! gr\nd be scrap$1 & ! scrap+s burn$1 & ! a%es buri$ inside ! alt> & let ! prie/ d p5ance = =ty days4 ,b if a drop fall f ! *alice on to ! alt>1 let ! m9i/] suck up ! drop1 & d p5ance dur+ ?ree days2 if x falls ^u ! alt> clo? & p5etrates to ! second alt> clo?1 let him d f\r days' p5ance2 if x p5etrates to ! ?ird1 let him d n9e days' p5ance2 if to ! f\r?1 let him d tw5ty days' p5ance2 & let ! alt> l95s :i* ! drop t\*$ be wa%$ ?ree times by ! prie/1 hold+ ! *alice bel[1 !n let ! wat] be tak5 & put away nigh to ! alt>4 ,x might ev5 be drunk by ! m9i/]1 unless x might be reject$ f nausea4 ,"s p]sons g fur!r1 & cut out t "p ( ! l951 :i* !y burn1 putt+ ! a%es 9 ! alt> or d[n ! sacr>ium4 ,& ! ,decretal cont9ues ) a quotation f ! ,p5it5tial ( ,b$e ! ,prie/3 ,if1 ow+ to drunk5ness or gluttony1 anyone vomits up ! ,eu*>i/1 let him d =ty days' p5ance1 if he be a layman2 b let cl]ics or monks1 deacons & prie/s1 d sev5ty days' p5ance2 & let a bi%op d n9ety days'4 ,b if !y vomit f sickness1 let !m d p5ance = sev5 days4 ,& 9 ! same di/9ction1 we read a decree ( ! 7,f\r?7 ,c\ncil ( ,arles3 ,!y :o d n keep prop] cu/ody ov] ! sacram5t1 if a m\se or o!r animal consume x1 mu/ d =ty days' p5ance3 he :o loses x 9 a *ur*1 or if a "p fall & be n f\nd1 %all d ?irty days' p5ance4 ,& ! prie/ seems to des]ve ! same p5ance1 :o f neglect all[s ! ho/s to putrefy4 ,& on ^? days ! "o do+ p5ance ought to fa/1 & ab/a9 f ,communion4 ,h[ev]1 aft] weigh+ ! circum/ances ( ! fact & ( ! p]son1 ! said p5ances may be less5$ or increas$4 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t :]ev] ! species are f\nd to be entire1 !y mu/ be pres]v$ rev]5tly1 or consum$2 because ,*ri/'s body is !re s long z ! species la/1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gg1 ,,aa4 #d1 #e74 ,b if x c be done conv5i5tly1 ! ?+s 9 :i* !y are f\nd are to be burn$1 & ! a%es put 9 ! sacr>ium1 z 0 said ( ! scrap+s ( ! alt>-table1 "h above4 ,,"q #hd ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,( ,,p5ance 7,9 ,t5 ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! ,sacram5t ( ,p5ance4 ,we %all consid] 7#a7,p5ance itself2 7#b7 ,its effect2 7#c7 ,its ,p>ts2 7#d7 ,! recipi5ts ( ?is sacram5t2 7#e7 ,! p[] ( ! m9i/]s1 :i* p]ta9s to ! keys2 7#f7 ,! solemnization ( ?is sacram5t4 ,! fir/ ( ^! consid]ations w be tw(old3 7#a7 ,p5ance z a sacram5t2 7#b7 ,p5ance z a virtue4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are t5 po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,p5ance is a sacram5t8 7#b7 ,( its prop] matt]2 7#c7 ,( its =m2 7#d7 ,:e!r imposition ( h&s is necess>y = ?is sacram5t8 7#e7 ,:e!r ?is sacram5t is necess>y = salvation8 7#f7 ,( its relation to ! o!r sacram5ts2 7#g7 ,( its in/itution2 7#h7 ,( its duration2 7#i7 ,( its cont9uance2 7#aj7 ,:e!r x c be repeat$8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,p5ance ,is a ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,p5ance is n a sacram5t4 ,= ,gregory 99,cf4 ,isidore1 ,etym4 vi1 *4 #ai says3 ,! sacram5ts are ,baptism1 ,*rism1 & ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/2 :i* are call$ sacram5ts because "u ! veil ( corporeal ?+s ! ,div9e p[] works out salvation 9 a hidd5 mann]4 ,b ?is does n happ5 9 ,p5ance1 because !re9 corporeal ?+s are n employ$ t1 "u !m1 ! p[] ( ,god may "w our salvation4 ,!re=e ,p5ance is n a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* are %[n =? by ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #d3a3 ,let a man s acc\nt ( u z ( ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/1 & ! disp5s]s ( ! my/]ies ( ,god4 ,b ,p5ance is n conf]r$ by ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/1 b is inspir$ inw>dly into man by ,god1 accord+ to ,j]4 #ca3ai3 ,aft] ,?\ did/ conv]t me1 ,i did p5ance4 ,!re=e x seems t ,p5ance is n a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 9 ! sacram5ts ( :i* we h already spok5 above1 !re is some?+ t is sacram5t only1 some?+ t is bo? reality & sacram5t1 & some?+ t is reality only1 z is cle> f :at has be5 /at$ 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #a74 ,b ?is does n apply to ,p5ance4 ,!re=e ,p5ance is n a sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z ,baptism is conf]r$ t we may be cleans$ f s91 s also is ,p5ance3 :]e=e ,pet] said to ,simon ,magus 7,acts #h3bb73 ,d p5ance 4 4 4 f ?is ?y wick$ness4 ,b ,baptism is a sacram5t z /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #a74 ,!re=e = ! same reason ,p5ance is also a sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,z ,gregory says 99,isidore1 ,etym4 vi1 *4 #ai1 a sacram5t consi/s 9 a solemn act1 :]eby some?+ is s done t we und]/& x to signify ! hol9ess :i* x conf]s4 ,n[ x is evid5t t 9 ,p5ance some?+ is done s t some?+ holy is signifi$ bo? on ! "p ( ! p5it5t s9n]1 & on ! "p ( ! prie/ absolv+1 because ! p5it5t s9n]1 by de$ & ^w1 %[s 8 he>t to h r5\nc$ s91 & 9 l mann] ! prie/1 by 8 de$ & ^w ) reg>d to ! p5it5t1 signifies ! "w ( ,god ,:o =gives 8 s9s4 ,!re=e x is evid5t t ,p5ance1 z practic$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 is a sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,by corporeal ?+s tak5 9 a wide s5se we may und]/& also ext]nal s5sible actions1 :i* are to ?is sacram5t :at wat] is to ,baptism1 or *rism to ,confirmation4 ,b x is to be obs]v$ t 9 ^? sacram5ts1 :]eby an exceptional grace surpass+ altoge!r ! proportion ( a human act1 is conf]r$1 "s corporeal matt] is employ$ ext]nally1 e4g4 9 ,baptism1 :i* conf]s full remission ( all s9s1 bo? z to guilt & z to puni%m5t1 & 9 ,confirmation1 :]e9 ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is be/[$1 & 9 ,extreme ,unction1 :i* conf]s p]fect spiritual heal? d]iv$ f ! virtue ( ,*ri/ z f an extr9sic pr9ciple4 ,:]e=e1 su* human acts z are 9 ^! sacram5ts1 are n ! ess5tial matt] ( ! sacram5t1 b are dispositions !reto4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ^? sacram5ts ^: effect corresponds to t ( "s human act1 ! s5sible human act itself takes ! place ( matt]1 z 9 ! case ( ,p5ance & ,matrimony1 ev5 z 9 bodily m$ic9es1 "s are appli$ ext]nally1 su* z pla/]s & drugs1 :ile o!rs are acts ( ! p]son :o seeks to be cur$1 su* z c]ta9 ex]cises4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ^? sacram5ts :i* h a corporeal matt]1 ?is matt] ne$s to be appli$ by a m9i/] ( ! ,*ur*1 :o /&s 9 ! place ( ,*ri/1 :i* d5otes t ! excell5ce ( ! p[] :i* op]ates 9 ! sacram5ts is f ,*ri/4 ,b 9 ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 z /at$ above 7ad #a71 human actions take ! place ( matt]1 & ^! actions proce$ f int]nal inspiration1 :]e=e ! matt] is n appli$ by ! m9i/]1 b by ,god work+ inw>dly2 :ile ! m9i/] furni%es ! complem5t ( ! sacram5t1 :5 he absolves ! p5it5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ,p5ance also1 !re is some?+ :i* is sacram5t only1 viz4 ! acts p]=m$ outw>dly bo? by ! rep5tant s9n]1 & by ! prie/ 9 giv+ absolution2 t :i* is reality & sacram5t is ! s9n]'s inw>d rep5tance2 :ile t :i* is reality1 & n sacram5t1 is ! =giv5ess ( s94 ,! fir/ ( ^! tak5 altoge!r is ! cause ( ! second2 & ! fir/ & second toge!r are ! cause ( ! ?ird4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,s9s ,are ! ,prop] ,matt] ( ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t s9s are n ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,because1 9 ! o!r sacram5ts1 ! matt] is hall[$ by ! utt]ance ( c]ta9 words1 & be+ ?us hall[$ produces ! sacram5tal effect4 ,n[ s9s _c be hall[$1 = !y are oppos$ to ! effect ( ! sacram5t1 viz4 grace :i* blots out s94 ,!re=e s9s are n ! prop] matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 9 8 book ,de ,po5it5tia ,cf4 ,s]m4 cccli3 ,no "o c beg9 a new life1 unless he rep5t ( ! old4 ,n[ n only s9s b also ! p5alties ( ! pres5t life belong to ! old life4 ,!re=e s9s are n ! prop] matt] ( ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 s9 is ei!r orig9al1 mortal or v5ial4 ,n[ ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance is n orda9$ aga9/ orig9al s91 = ?is is tak5 away by ,baptism1 nor aga9/ mortal s91 = ?is is tak5 away by ! s9n]'s confession991 nor aga9/ v5ial s91 :i* is tak5 away by ! beat+ ( ! brea/ & ! spr9kl+ ( holy wat] & ! l4 ,!re=e s9s are n ! prop] matt] ( ,p5ance4 99,! words 9 brackets are omitt$ 9 ! ,leon9e edition4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7#b ,cor4 #ab3ba73 7,:o7 h n done p5ance = ! uncleanness & =nication & lascivi\sness1 t !y h committ$4 ,i answ] t1 ,matt] is tw(old1 viz4 proximate & remote3 ?us ! proximate matt] ( a /atue is a metal1 :ile ! remote matt] is wat]4 ,n[ x has be5 /at$ 7,a4 #a1 ad #a1 ad #b71 t ! proximate matt] ( ?is sacram5t consi/s 9 ! acts ( ! p5it5t1 ! matt] ( :i* acts are ! s9s ov] :i* he grieves1 :i* he confesses1 & = :i* he satisfies4 ,h5ce x foll[s t s9s are ! remote matt] ( ,p5ance1 z a matt]1 n = approval1 b = dete/ation1 & de/ruction4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t consid]s ! proximate matt] ( a sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! old life t 0 subject to dea? is ! object ( ,p5ance1 n z reg>ds ! puni%m5t1 b z reg>ds ! guilt connect$ ) x4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,p5ance reg>ds e k9d ( s9 9 a way1 b n ea* 9 ! same way4 ,because ,p5ance reg>ds actual mortal s9 prop]ly & *iefly2 prop]ly1 s9ce1 prop]ly speak+1 we are said to rep5t ( :at we h done ( our own w2 *iefly1 s9ce ?is sacram5t 0 in/itut$ *iefly = ! blott+ out ( mortal s94 ,p5ance reg>ds v5ial s9s1 prop]ly speak+ inde$1 9 s f> z !y are committ$ ( our own w1 b ?is 0 n ! *ief purpose ( its in/itution4 ,b z to orig9al s91 ,p5ance reg>ds x nei!r *iefly1 s9ce ,baptism1 & n ,p5ance1 is orda9$ aga9/ orig9al s91 nor prop]ly1 because orig9al s9 is n done ( our own w1 except 9 s f> z ,adam's w is look$ ^u z ours1 9 :i* s5se ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #e3ab73 ,9 :om all h s9n$4 ,nev]!less1 ,p5ance may be said to reg>d orig9al s91 if we take x 9 a wide s5se = any dete/ation ( some?+ pa/3 9 :i* s5se ,augu/9e uses ! t]m 9 8 book ,de ,po5it5tia 7,s]m4 cccli74 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,=m ( ,?is ,sacram5t ,is3 ,i ,absolve ,!e8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! =m ( ?is sacram5t is n3 ,i absolve !e4 ,because ! =ms ( ! sacram5ts are receiv$ f ,*ri/'s in/itution & ! ,*ur*'s cu/om4 ,b we d n read t ,*ri/ in/itut$ ?is =m4 ,nor is x 9 common use2 9 fact 9 c]ta9 absolutions :i* are giv5 publicly 9 *ur* 7e4g4 at ,prime & ,compl9e & on ,maundy ,?ursday71 absolution is giv5 n 9 ! indicative =m by say+3 ,i absolve !e1 b 9 ! deprecatory =m1 by say+3 ,may ,almighty ,god h m]cy on y1 or3 ,may ,almighty ,god grant y absolution & =giv5ess4 ,!re=e ! =m ( ?is sacram5t is n3 ,i absolve !e4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,pope ,leo says 7,ep4 cviii7 t ,god's =giv5ess _c be obta9$ )\t ! prie/ly supplications3 & he is speak+ !re ( ,god's =giv5ess grant$ to ! p5it5t4 ,!re=e ! =m ( ?is sacram5t %\ld be deprecatory4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 to absolve f s9 is ! same z to remit s94 ,b ,god alone remits s91 = ,he alone cleanses man inw>dly f s91 z ,augu/9e says 7,contra ,donati/4 v1 #ba74 ,!re=e x seems t ,god alone absolves f s94 ,!re=e ! prie/ %\ld say n3 ,i absolve !e1 z nei!r does he say3 ,i remit ?y s9s4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 j z our ,"l gave ,8 disciples ! p[] to absolve f s9s1 s also did ,he give !m ! p[] to heal infirmities1 to ca/ out devils1 & to cure diseases 7,matt4 #aj3a2 ,luke #i3a74 ,n[ ! apo/les1 9 heal+ ! sick1 did n use ! words3 ,i heal !e1 b3 ,! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ heal ,vulg43 'heals' !e1 z ,pet] said to ! palsi$ man 7,acts #i3cd74 ,!re=e s9ce prie/s h ! p[] :i* ,*ri/ gave ,8 apo/les1 x seems t !y %\ld n use ! =m3 ,i absolve !e1 b3 ,may ,*ri/ absolve !e4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 "s expla9 ?is =m by /at+ t :5 !y say3 ,i absolve !e1 !y mean ,i decl>e y to be absolv$4 ,b nei!r c ?is be done by a prie/ unless x be reveal$ to him by ,god1 :]e=e1 z we read 9 ,matt4 #af3ai be=e x 0 said to ,pet]3 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d ^u e>?1 etc41 x 0 said to him 7,matt4 #af3ag73 ,bless$ art ?\ ,simon ,b>-,jona3 because fle% & blood h n reveal$ x to !e1 b ,my ,fa!r ,:o is 9 heav54 ,!re=e x seems presumptu\s = a prie/1 :o has receiv$ no revelation on ! matt]1 to say3 ,i absolve !e1 ev5 if ?is be expla9$ to mean3 ,i decl>e !e absolv$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z our ,"l said to ,8 disciples 7,matt4 #bh3ai73 ,go+ 4 4 4 tea* ye all nations1 baptiz+ !m1 etc41 s did ,he say to ,pet] 7,matt4 #af3ai73 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>?1 etc4 ,n[ ! prie/1 rely+ on ! au?ority ( ^? words ( ,*ri/1 says3 ,i baptize !e4 ,!re=e on ! same au?ority he %\ld say 9 ?is sacram5t3 ,i absolve !e4 ,i answ] t1 ,! p]fection ( a ?+ is ascrib$ to its =m4 ,n[ x has be5 /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b7 t ?is sacram5t is p]fect$ by t :i* is done by ! prie/4 ,:]e=e ! "p tak5 by ! p5it5t1 :e!r x consi/ ( words or de$s1 mu/ ne$s be ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t1 :ile ! "p tak5 by ! prie/1 takes ! place ( ! =m4 ,n[ s9ce ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law accompli% :at !y signify1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a71 x behooves ! sacram5tal =m to signify ! sacram5tal effect 9 a mann] t is 9 keep+ ) ! matt]4 ,h5ce ! =m ( ,baptism is3 ,i baptize !e1 & ! =m ( ,confirmation is3 ,i sign !e ) ! sign ( ! cross1 & ,i confirm !e ) ! *rism ( salvation1 because ^! sacram5ts are p]fect$ 9 ! use ( _! matt]3 :ile 9 ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* consi/s 9 ! v consecration ( ! matt]1 ! reality ( ! consecration is express$ 9 ! words3 ,?is is ,my ,body4 ,n[ ?is sacram5t1 namely ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 consi/s n 9 ! consecration ( a matt]1 nor 9 ! use ( a hall[$ matt]1 b r 9 ! removal ( a c]ta9 matt]1 viz4 s91 9 s f> z s9s are said to be ! matt] ( ,p5ance1 z expla9$ above 7,a4 #b74 ,?is removal is express$ by ! prie/ say+3 ,i absolve !e3 because s9s are fett]s1 accord+ to ,prov4 #e3bb4 ,8 own iniquities cat* ! wick$1 & he is fa/ b\nd ) ! ropes ( 8 own s9s4 ,:]e=e x is evid5t t ?is is ! mo/ fitt+ =m ( ?is sacram5t3 ,i absolve !e4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is =m is tak5 f ,*ri/'s v words :i* ,he address$ to ,pet] 7,matt4 #af3ai73 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>?1 etc41 & su* is ! =m employ$ by ! ,*ur* 9 sacram5tal absolution4 ,b su* absolutions z are giv5 9 public are n sacram5tal1 b are pray]s = ! remission ( v5ial s9s4 ,:]e=e 9 giv+ sacram5tal absolution x w\ld n suffice to say3 ,may ,almighty ,god h m]cy on !e1 or3 ,may ,god grant !e absolution & =giv5ess1 because by su* words ! prie/ does n signify ! giv+ ( absolution1 b prays t x may be giv54 ,nev]!less ! above pray] is said be=e ! sacram5tal absolution is giv51 le/ ! sacram5tal effect be h9d]$ on ! "p ( ! p5it5t1 ^: acts are z matt] 9 ?is sacram5t1 b n 9 ,baptism or ,confirmation4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! words ( ,leo are to be und]/ood ( ! pray] t prec$es ! absolution1 & d n exclude ! fact t ! prie/ pron\nces absolution4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,god alone absolves f s9 & =gives s9s au?oritatively2 yet prie/s d bo? m9i/]ially1 because ! words ( ! prie/ 9 ?is sacram5t "w z in/rum5ts ( ! ,div9e p[]1 z 9 ! o!r sacram5ts3 because x is ! ,div9e p[] t works inw>dly 9 all ! sacram5tal signs1 be !y ?+s or words1 z %[n above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #d2 ,q4 #fd1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,:]e=e our ,"l express$ bo?3 = ,he said to ,pet] 7,matt4 #af3ai73 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>?1 etc41 & to ,8 disciples 7,john #bj3bc73 ,^: s9s y %all =give1 !y are =giv5 !m4 ,yet ! prie/ says3 ,i absolve !e1 r ?an3 ,i =give !e ?y s9s1 because x is m 9 keep+ ) ! words ( our ,"l1 by express+ ! p[] ( ! keys :]eby prie/s absolve4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce ! prie/ absolves m9i/]ially1 some?+ is suitably add$ 9 ref]5ce to ! supreme au?ority ( ,god1 by ! prie/ say+3 ,i absolve !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 or by ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 or by ! au?ority ( ,god4 ,h[ev]1 z ?is is n def9$ by ! words ( ,*ri/1 z x is = ,baptism1 ?is addition is left to ! discretion ( ! prie/4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,p[] 0 giv5 to ! apo/les1 n t !y !mselves might heal ! sick1 b t ! sick might be heal$ at ! pray] ( ! apo/les3 :]eas p[] 0 giv5 to !m to "w in/rum5tally or m9i/]ially 9 ! sacram5ts2 :]e=e !y c\ld express _! own ag5cy 9 ! sacram5tal =ms r ?an 9 ! heal+ ( infirmities4 ,nev]!less 9 ! latt] case !y did n always use ! deprecatory =m1 b sometimes employ$ ! indicative or imp]ative3 ?us we read 7,acts #c3f7 t ,pet] said to ! lame man3 ,:at ,i h1 ,i give !e3 ,9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ,naz>e?1 arise & walk4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,x is true 9 a s5se t ! words1 ,i absolve !e mean ,i decl>e !e absolv$1 b ?is explanation is incomplete4 ,because ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law n only signify1 b effect :at !y signify4 ,:]e=e1 j z ! prie/ 9 baptiz+ anyone1 decl>es by de$ & ^w t ! p]son is wa%$ inw>dly1 & ?is n only significatively b also effectively1 s also :5 he says3 ,i absolve !e1 he decl>es ! man to be absolv$ n only significatively b also effectively4 ,& yet he does n speak z ( some?+ unc]ta91 because j z ! o!r sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law h1 ( !mselves1 a sure effect ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :i* effect1 nev]!less1 may be imp$$ on ! "p ( ! recipi5t1 s is x ) ?is sacram5t4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 7,de ,adult4 ,conjug4 ii73 ,!re is no?+ disgraceful or on]\s 9 ! reconciliation ( husb& & wife1 :5 adult]y committ$ has be5 wa%$ away1 s9ce !re is no d\bt t remission ( s9s is grant$ ?r\gh ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,consequ5tly !re is no ne$ = a special revelation to be made to ! prie/1 b ! g5]al revelation ( fai? suffices1 ?r\gh :i* s9s are =giv54 ,h5ce ! revelation ( fai? is said to h be5 made to ,pet]4 ,x w\ld be a m complete explanation to say t ! words1 ,i absolve !e mean3 ,i grant !e ! sacram5t ( absolution4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,imposition ( ! ,prie/'s ,h&s ,is ,necess>y = ,?is ,sacram5t8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! imposition ( ! prie/'s h&s is necess>y = ?is sacram5t4 ,= x is writt5 7,mk4 #af3ah73 ,!y %all lay h&s ^u ! sick1 & !y %all recov]4 ,n[ s9n]s are sick spiritually1 & obta9 recov]y ?r\gh ?is sacram5t4 ,!re=e an imposition ( h&s %\ld be made 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 ?is sacram5t man rega9s ! ,holy ,gho/ ,:om he _h lo/1 :]e=e x is said 9 ! p]son ( ! p5it5t 7,ps4 #a3ad73 ,re/ore unto me ! joy ( ,?y salvation1 & /r5g!n me ) a p]fect _s4 ,n[ ! ,holy ,gho/ is giv5 by ! imposition ( h&s2 = we read 7,acts #h3ag7 t ! apo/les laid _! h&s ^u !m1 & !y receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/2 & 7,matt4 #ai3ac7 t little *ildr5 7 pres5t$ to our ,"l1 t ,he %\ld impose h&s ^u !m4 ,!re=e an imposition ( h&s %\ld be made 9 ?is sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! prie/'s words are n m efficaci\s 9 ?is ?an 9 ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,b 9 ! o!r sacram5ts ! words ( ! m9i/] d n suffice1 unless he p]=m "s action3 ?us1 9 ,baptism1 ! prie/ :ile say+3 ,i baptize !e1 has to p]=m a bodily wa%+4 ,!re=e1 also :ile say+3 ,i absolve !e1 ! prie/ %\ld p]=m "s action 9 reg>d to ! p5it5t1 by lay+ h&s on him4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,:5 our ,"l said to ,pet] 7,matt4 #af3ai73 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>?1 etc41 ,he made no m5tion ( an imposition ( h&s2 nor did ,he :5 ,he said to all ! apo/les 7,john #bj3ac73 ,^: s9s y %all =give1 !y are =giv5 !m4 ,!re=e no imposition ( h&s is requir$ = ?is sacram5t4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* ! imposition ( h&s is made1 to signify "s abundant effect ( grace1 ?r\gh ^? on :om ! h&s are laid be+1 z x 71 unit$ to ! m9i/]s 9 :om grace %\ld be pl5tiful4 ,:]e=e an imposition ( h&s is made 9 ! sacram5t ( ,confirmation1 :]e9 ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is conf]r$2 & 9 ! sacram5t ( ord]1 :]e9 is be/[$ a c]ta9 excell5ce ( p[] ov] ! ,div9e my/]ies2 h5ce x is writt5 7#b ,tim4 #a3f73 ,/ir up ! grace ( ,god :i* is 9 !e1 by ! imposition ( my h&s4 ,n[ ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance is orda9$1 n t man may receive "s abundance ( grace1 b t 8 s9s may be tak5 away2 & !re=e no imposition ( h&s is requir$ = ?is sacram5t1 z nei!r is !re = ,baptism1 :]e9 nev]!less a full] remission ( s9s is be/[$4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,t imposition ( h&s is n sacram5tal1 b is int5d$ = ! work+ ( miracles1 namely1 t by ! contact ( a sanctifi$ man's h&1 ev5 bodily infirmity might be remov$2 ev5 z we read ( our ,"l 7,mk4 #f3e7 t ,he cur$ ! sick1 lay+ ,8 h&s ^u !m1 & 7,matt4 #h3c7 t ,he cleans$ a lep] by t\*+ him4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,x is n e reception ( ! ,holy ,gho/ t requires an imposition ( h&s1 s9ce ev5 9 ,baptism man receives ! ,holy ,gho/1 )\t any imposition ( h&s3 x is at ! reception ( ! fulness ( ! ,holy ,gho/ :i* belongs to ,confirmation t an imposition ( h&s is requir$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,9 ^? sacram5ts :i* are p]fect$ 9 ! use ( ! matt]1 ! m9i/] has to p]=m "s bodily action on ! recipi5t ( ! sacram5t1 e4g4 9 ,baptism1 ,confirmation1 & ,extreme ,unction2 :]eas ?is sacram5t does n consi/ 9 ! use ( matt] employ$ outw>dly1 ! matt] be+ suppli$ by ! "p tak5 by ! p5it5t3 :]e=e1 j z 9 ! ,eu*>i/ ! prie/ p]fects ! sacram5t by m]ely pron\nc+ ! words ov] ! matt]1 s ! m]e words :i* ! prie/ :ile absolv+ pron\nces ov] ! p5it5t p]fect ! sacram5t ( absolution4 ,if1 inde$1 any bodily act 7 necess>y on ! "p ( ! prie/1 ! sign ( ! cross1 :i* is employ$ 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 w\ld n be less becom+ ?an ! imposition ( h&s1 9 tok5 t s9s are =giv5 ?r\gh ! blood ( ,*ri/ crucifi$2 & yet ?is is n ess5tial to ?is sacram5t z nei!r is x to ! ,eu*>i/4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,?is ,sacram5t ,is ,necess>y = ,salvation8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is sacram5t is n necess>y = salvation4 ,because on ,ps4 #abe3e1 ,!y t s[ 9 te>s1 etc41 ! gloss says3 ,be n sorr[ful1 if ?\ ha/ a good w1 ( :i* peace is ! me$4 ,b sorr[ is ess5tial to ,p5ance1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #g3aj3 ,! sorr[ t is accord+ to ,god worke? p5ance /eadfa/ unto salvation4 ,!re=e a good w )\t ,p5ance suffices = salvation4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,prov4 #aj3ab73 ,*>ity cov]e? all s9s1 & fur!r on 7,prov4 #ae3bg73 ,by m]cy & fai? s9s are purg$ away4 ,b ?is sacram5t is = no?+ else b ! purg+ ( s9s4 ,!re=e if "o has *>ity1 fai?1 & m]cy1 "o c obta9 salvation1 )\t ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* take _! orig9 f ! in/itution ( ,*ri/4 ,b accord+ to ,john #h ,*ri/ absolv$ ! adult]\s woman )\t ,p5ance4 ,!re=e x seems t ,p5ance is n necess>y = salvation4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,luke #ac3c73 ,unless y %all d p5ance1 y %all all likewise p]i%4 ,i answ] t1 ,a ?+ is necess>y = salvation 9 two ways3 fir/1 absolutely2 secondly1 on a supposition4 ,a ?+ is absolutely necess>y = salvation1 if no "o c obta9 salvation )\t x1 z1 = example1 ! grace ( ,*ri/1 & ! sacram5t ( ,baptism1 :]eby a man is born aga9 9 ,*ri/4 ,! sacram5t ( ,p5ance is necess>y on a supposition1 = x is necess>y1 n = all1 b = ^? :o are 9 s94 ,= x is writt5 7#b ,p>al4 #cg 99,! pray] ( ,manasses1 among ! ,apocrypha71 ,?\1 ,"l1 ,god ( ! righte\s1 ha/ n appo9t$ rep5tance to ! righte\s1 to ,abraham1 ,isaac & ,jacob1 nor to ^? :o s9n$ n aga9/ ,!e4 ,b s91 :5 x is complet$1 begette? dea? 7,james #a3ae74 ,consequ5tly x is necess>y = ! s9n]'s salvation t s9 be tak5 away f him2 :i* _c be done )\t ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 :]e9 ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion op]ates ?r\gh ! prie/'s absolution & ! acts ( ! p5it5t1 :o co-op]ates ) grace unto ! de/ruction ( 8 s94 ,= z ,augu/9e says 7,tract4 lxxii 9 ,joan4 99,implicitly 9 ! passage ref]r$ to1 b explicitly ,s]m4 xv de v]b4 ,apo/471 ,he ,:o creat$ !e )\t !e1 w n ju/ify !e )\t !e4 ,!re=e x is evid5t t aft] s9 ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance is necess>y = salvation1 ev5 z bodily m$ic9e aft] man has contract$ a dang]\s disease4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is gloss %\ld app>5tly be und]/ood z ref]r+ to ! man :o has a good w unimpair$ by s91 = su* a man has no cause = sorr[3 b z soon z ! good w is =feit$ ?r\gh s91 x _c be re/or$ )\t t sorr[ :]eby a man sorr[s = 8 pa/ s91 & :i* belongs to ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z soon z a man falls into s91 *>ity1 fai?1 & m]cy d n deliv] him f s91 )\t ,p5ance4 ,because *>ity dem&s t a man %\ld grieve = ! (f5se committ$ aga9/ 8 fri5d1 & t he %\ld be anxi\s to make satisfaction to 8 fri5d2 fai? requires t he %\ld seek to be ju/ifi$ f 8 s9s ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion :i* op]ates 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*2 & well-ord]$ pity necessitates t man %\ld succor himself by rep5t+ ( ! pitiful condition into :i* s9 has br\ght him1 accord+ to ,prov4 #ad3cd3 ,s9 make? nations mis]able2 :]e=e x is writt5 7,ecclus4 #cj3bd73 ,h pity on ?y own s\l1 pleas+ ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x 0 due to ,8 p[] ( excell5ce1 :i* ,he alone _h1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #c71 t ,*ri/ be/[$ on ! adult]\s woman ! effect ( ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 viz4 ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 )\t ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 al?\gh n )\t int]nal rep5tance1 :i* ,he op]at$ 9 h] by grace4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,p5ance ,is a ,second ,plank ,aft] ,%ipwreck8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,p5ance is n a second plank aft] %ipwreck4 ,because on ,isa4 #c3i1 ,!y h proclaim$ abroad _! s9 z ,sodom1 a gloss says3 ,! second plank aft] %ipwreck is to hide "o's s9s4 ,n[ ,p5ance does n hide s9s1 b reveals !m4 ,!re=e ,p5ance is n a second plank4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 9 a build+ ! f\ndation takes ! fir/1 n ! second place4 ,n[ 9 ! spiritual edifice1 ,p5ance is ! f\ndation1 accord+ to ,heb4 #f3a3 ,n lay+ aga9 ! f\ndation ( ,p5ance f dead works2 :]e=e x prec$es ev5 ,baptism1 accord+ to ,acts #b3ch3 ,d p5ance1 & be baptiz$ e "o ( y4 ,!re=e ,p5ance %\ld n be call$ a second plank4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 all ! sacram5ts are planks1 i4e4 helps aga9/ s94 ,n[ ,p5ance holds1 n ! second b ! f\r?1 place among ! sacram5ts1 z is cle> f :at has be5 said above 7,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,!re=e ,p5ance %\ld n be call$ a second plank aft] %ipwreck4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,j]ome says 7,ep4 cxxx7 t ,p5ance is a second plank aft] %ipwreck4 ,i answ] t1 ,t :i* is ( itself prec$es naturally t :i* is accid5tal1 z sub/ance prec$es accid5t4 ,n[ "s sacram5ts are1 ( !mselves1 orda9$ to man's salvation1 e4g4 ,baptism1 :i* is ! spiritual bir?1 ,confirmation :i* is ! spiritual gr[?1 ! ,eu*>i/ :i* is ! spiritual food2 :]eas ,p5ance is orda9$ to man's salvation accid5tally z x 71 & on some?+ be+ suppos$1 viz4 s93 = unless man 7 to s9 actually1 he w\ld n /& 9 ne$ ( ,p5ance & yet he w\ld ne$ ,baptism1 ,confirmation1 & ! ,eu*>i/2 ev5 z 9 ! life ( ! body1 man w\ld ne$ no m$ical treatm5t1 unless he 7 ill1 & yet life1 bir?1 gr[?1 & food are1 ( !mselves1 necess>y to man4 ,consequ5tly ,p5ance holds ! second place ) reg>d to ! /ate ( integrity :i* is be/[$ & safegu>d$ by ! a=esaid sacram5ts1 s t x is call$ metaphorically a second plank aft] %ipwreck4 ,= j z ! fir/ help = ^? :o cross ! sea is to be safegu>d$ 9 a :ole %ip1 :ile ! second help :5 ! %ip is wreck$1 is to cl+ to a plank2 s too ! fir/ help 9 ?is life's ocean is t man safegu>d 8 integrity1 :ile ! second help is1 if he lose 8 integrity ?r\gh s91 t he rega9 x by means ( ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,to hide "o's s9s may happ5 9 two ways3 fir/1 9 ! v act ( s9n+4 ,n[ x is worse to s9 9 public ?an 9 private1 bo? because a public s9n] seems to s9 m f contempt1 & because by s9n+ he gives sc&al to o!rs4 ,consequ5tly 9 s9 x is a k9d ( rem$y to s9 secretly1 & x is 9 ?is s5se t ! gloss says t to hide "o's s9s is a second plank aft] %ipwreck2 n t x takes away s91 z ,p5ance does1 b because x makes ! s9 less griev\s4 ,secondly1 "o hides "o's s9 previ\sly committ$1 by neglect+ to confess x3 ?is is oppos$ to ,p5ance1 & to hide "o's s9s ?us is n a second plank1 b is ! rev]se1 s9ce x is writt5 7,prov4 #bh3ac73 ,he t hide? 8 s9s %all n prosp]4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,p5ance _c be call$ ! f\ndation ( ! spiritual edifice simply1 i4e4 9 ! fir/ build+ !re(2 b x is ! f\ndation 9 ! second build+ :i* is accompli%$ by de/roy+ s91 because man1 on 8 return to ,god1 ne$s ,p5ance fir/4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,apo/le is speak+ !re ( ! f\ndation ( spiritual doctr9e4 ,moreov]1 ! p5ance :i* prec$es ,baptism is n ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ?ree sacram5ts :i* prec$e ,p5ance ref] to ! %ip 9 its integrity1 i4e4 to man's /ate ( integrity1 ) reg>d to :i* ,p5ance is call$ a second plank4 ,,sev5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #g ,:e!r ,?is ,sacram5t ,0 ,suitably ,in/itut$ 9 ! ,new ,law8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ?is sacram5t 0 unsuitably in/itut$ 9 ! ,new ,law4 ,because ^? ?+s :i* belong to ! natural law ne$ n to be in/itut$4 ,n[ x belongs to ! natural law t "o %\ld rep5t ( ! evil "o has done3 = x is impossible to love good )\t griev+ = its contr>y4 ,!re=e ,p5ance 0 unsuitably in/itut$ 9 ! ,new ,law4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 t :i* exi/$ 9 ! ,old ,law _h n to be in/itut$ 9 ! ,new4 ,n[ !re 0 ,p5ance 9 ! old ,law :]e=e ! ,"l compla9s 7,j]4 #h3f7 say+3 ,!re is none t do? p5ance = 8 s91 say+3 ,:at h ,i done8 ,!re=e ,p5ance %\ld n h be5 in/itut$ 9 ! ,new ,law4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,p5ance comes aft] ,baptism1 s9ce x is a second plank1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #f74 ,n[ x seems t our ,"l in/itut$ ,p5ance be=e ,baptism1 because we read t at ! beg9n+ ( ,8 prea*+ ,he said 7,matt4 #d3ag73 ,d p5ance1 = ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t 0 n suitably in/itut$ 9 ! ,new ,law4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law 7 in/itut$ by ,*ri/1 by ,^: p[] !y "w1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #e2 ,q4 #fd1 ,a4 #a74 ,b ,*ri/ does n seem to h in/itut$ ?is sacram5t1 s9ce ,he made no use ( x1 z ( ! o!r sacram5ts :i* ,he in/itut$4 ,!re=e ?is sacram5t 0 unsuitably in/itut$ 9 ! ,new ,law4 ,on ! contr>y1 our ,"l said 7,luke #bd3df1 #dg73 ,x behoov$ ,*ri/ to suff]1 & to rise aga9 f ! dead ! ?ird day3 & t p5ance & remission ( s9s %\ld be prea*$ 9 ,8 "n unto all nations4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #a1 ad #b71 9 ?is sacram5t ! acts ( ! p5it5t are z matt]1 :ile ! "p tak5 by ! prie/1 :o works z ,*ri/'s m9i/]1 is ! =mal & completive elem5t ( ! sacram5t4 ,n[ 9 ! o!r sacram5ts ! matt] pre-exi/s1 be+ provid$ by nature1 z wat]1 or by art1 z bread3 b t su* & su* a matt] be employ$ = a sacram5t requires to be decid$ by ! in/itution2 :ile ! sacram5t d]ives its =m & p[] entirely f ! in/itution ( ,*ri/1 f ,^: ,passion ! p[] ( ! sacram5ts proce$s4 ,accord+ly ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t pre-exi/s1 be+ provid$ by nature2 s9ce x is by a natural pr9ciple ( reason t man is mov$ to rep5t ( ! evil he has done3 yet x is due to ,div9e in/itution t man does p5ance 9 ?is or t way4 ,:]e=e at ! outset ( ,8 prea*+1 our ,"l admoni%$ m51 n only to rep5t1 b also to d p5ance1 ?us po9t+ to ! p>ticul> mann] ( actions requir$ = ?is sacram5t4 ,z to ! "p to be tak5 by ! m9i/]s1 ?is 0 fix$ by our ,"l :5 ,he said to ,pet] 7,matt4 #af3ai73 ,to !e w ,i give ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav51 etc42 b x 0 aft] ,8 resurrection t ,he made kn[n ! efficacy ( ?is sacram5t & ! s\rce ( its p[]1 :5 ,he said 7,luke #bd3dg7 t p5ance & remission ( s9s %\ld be prea*$ 9 ,8 "n unto all nations1 aft] speak+ ( ,8 ,passion & resurrection4 ,because x is f ! p[] ( ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ suff]+ & ris+ aga9 t ?is sacram5t is efficaci\s unto ! remission ( s9s4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t ?is sacram5t 0 suitably in/itut$ 9 ! ,new ,law4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,x is a natural law t "o %\ld rep5t ( ! evil "o has done1 by griev+ = hav+ done x1 & by seek+ a rem$y = "o's grief 9 "s way or o!r1 & also t "o %\ld %[ "s signs ( grief1 ev5 z ! ,n9evites did1 z we read 9 ,john #c4 ,& yet ev5 9 _! case !re 0 also some?+ ( fai? :i* !y _h receiv$ ?r\gh ,jonas' prea*+1 inasmu* z !y did ^! ?+s 9 ! hope t !y w\ld receive p>don f ,god1 accord+ z we read 7,john #c3i73 ,:o c tell if ,god w turn & =give1 & w turn away f ,8 fi]ce ang]1 & we %all n p]i%8 ,b j z o!r matt]s :i* are ( ! natural law 7 fix$ 9 detail by ! in/itution ( ! ,div9e law1 z we h /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ia1 ,a4 #d2 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ie1 ,a4 #b2 ,q4 #ii71 s 0 x ) ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?+s :i* are ( ! natural law 7 det]m9$ 9 v>i\s ways 9 ! ,old & 9 ! ,new ,law1 9 keep+ ) ! imp]fection ( ! ,old1 & ! p]fection ( ! ,new4 ,:]e=e ,p5ance 0 fix$ 9 a c]ta9 way 9 ! ,old ,law--) reg>d to sorr[1 t x %\ld be 9 ! he>t r ?an 9 ext]nal signs1 accord+ to ,joel #b3ac3 ,r5d y\r he>ts & n y\r g>m5ts2 & ) reg>d to seek+ a rem$y = sorr[1 t !y %\ld 9 "s way confess _! s9s1 at lea/ 9 g5]al1 to ,god's m9i/]s4 ,:]e=e ! ,"l said 7,lev4 #e3ag1 #ah73 ,if anyone s9 ?r\gh ignorance 4 4 4 he %all (f] ( ! flocks a ram )\t blemi% to ! prie/1 accord+ to ! measure & e/imation ( ! s91 & ! prie/ %all pray = him1 because he did x ignorantly1 & x %all be =giv5 him2 s9ce by ! v fact ( mak+ an (f]+ = 8 s91 a man1 9 a fa%ion1 confess$ 8 s9 to ! prie/4 ,& accord+ly x is writt5 7,prov4 #bh3ac73 ,he t hide? 8 s9s1 %all n prosp]3 b he t %all confess1 & =sake !m1 %all obta9 m]cy4 ,n yet1 h[ev]1 0 ! p[] ( ! keys in/itut$1 :i* is d]iv$ f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 & consequ5tly x 0 n yet orda9$ t a man %\ld grieve = 8 s91 ) ! purpose ( submitt+ himself by confession & satisfaction to ! keys ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ! hope ( receiv+ =giv5ess ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,if we note c>efully :at our ,"l said ab\t ! necessity ( ,baptism 7,john #c3c1 seqq471 we %all see t ?is 0 said be=e ,8 words ab\t ! necessity ( ,p5ance 7,matt4 #d3ag72 because ,he spoke to ,nicodemus ab\t ,baptism be=e ! imprisonm5t ( ,john1 ( :om x is relat$ aft]w>ds 7,john #c3bc1 #bd7 t he baptiz$1 :]eas ,8 words ab\t ,p5ance 7 said aft] ,john 0 ca/ into prison4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,he _h admoni%$ m5 to d p5ance be=e admoni%+ !m to be baptiz$1 ?is w\ld be because also be=e ,baptism "s k9d ( p5ance is requir$1 accord+ to ! words ( ,pet] 7,acts #b3ch73 ,d p5ance1 & be baptiz$1 e "o ( y4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,*ri/ did n use ! ,baptism :i* ,he in/itut$1 b 0 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ci1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,nor did ,he use x actively by adm9i/]+ x ,himself1 because ,he did n baptize z a rule1 b ,8 disciples did1 z relat$ 9 ,john #d3b1 al?\gh x is to be believ$ t ,he baptiz$ ,8 disciples1 z ,augu/9e ass]ts 7,ep4 cclxv1 ad ,seleuc474 ,b ) reg>d to ,8 in/itution ( ?is sacram5t x 0 n[ise fitt+ t ,he %\ld use x1 nei!r by rep5t+ ,himself1 9 ,:om !re 0 no s91 nor by adm9i/]+ ! sacram5t to o!rs1 s9ce1 9 ord] to %[ ,8 m]cy & p[]1 ,he 0 wont to conf] ! effect ( ?is sacram5t )\t ! sacram5t itself1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e1 ad #c74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,he bo? receiv$ & gave to o!rs ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 bo? 9 ord] to comm5d ! excell5ce ( t sacram5t1 & because t sacram5t is a memorial ( ,8 ,passion1 9 :i* ,*ri/ is bo? prie/ & victim4 ,,eigh? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #h ,:e!r ,p5ance ,%\ld ,la/ ,till ! ,end ( ,life8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ,p5ance %\ld n la/ till ! end ( life4 ,because ,p5ance is orda9$ = ! blott+ out ( s94 ,n[ ! p5it5t receives =giv5ess ( 8 s9s at once1 accord+ to ,eze*4 #ah3ba3 ,if ! wick$ d p5ance = all 8 s9s :i* he ha? committ$ 4 4 4 he %all live & %all n die4 ,!re=e !re is no ne$ = ,p5ance to be fur!r prolong$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,p5ance belongs to ! /ate ( beg9n]s4 ,b man ought to advance f t /ate to ! /ate ( ! pr(ici5t1 &1 f ?is1 on to ! /ate ( ! p]fect4 ,!re=e man ne$ n d ,p5ance till ! end ( 8 life4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 man is b\nd to obs]ve ! laws ( ! ,*ur* 9 ?is z 9 ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,b ! duration ( rep5tance is fix$ by ! canons1 s t1 to wit1 = su* & su* a s9 "o is b\nd to d p5ance = s _m ye>s4 ,!re=e x seems t ,p5ance %\ld n be prolong$ till ! end ( life4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 8 book1 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n3 ,:at rema9s = u to d1 save to sorr[ ev] 9 ?is life8 ,= :5 sorr[ ceases1 rep5tance fails2 & if rep5tance fails1 :at becomes ( p>don8 ,i answ] t1 ,p5ance is tw(old1 int]nal & ext]nal4 ,int]nal p5ance is t :]eby "o grieves = a s9 "o has committ$1 & ?is p5ance %\ld la/ until ! end ( life4 ,because man %\ld always be displeas$ at hav+ s9n$1 = if he 7 to be pleas$ !reat1 he w\ld = ?is v reason fall into s9 & lose ! fruit ( p>don4 ,n[ displeasure causes sorr[ 9 "o :o is susceptible to sorr[1 z man is 9 ?is life2 b aft] ?is life ! sa9ts are n susceptible to sorr[1 :]e=e !y w be displeas$ at1 )\t sorr[+ =1 _! pa/ s9s1 accord+ to ,isa4 #fe3af4 ,! =m] di/resses are =gott54 ,ext]nal p5ance is t :]eby a man %[s ext]nal signs ( sorr[1 confesses 8 s9s v]bally to ! prie/ :o absolves him1 & makes satisfaction = 8 s9s accord+ to ! judgm5t ( ! prie/4 ,su* p5ance ne$ n la/ until ! end ( life1 b only = a fix$ "t accord+ to ! measure ( ! s94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,true p5ance n only removes pa/ s9s1 b also pres]ves man f future s9s4 ,consequ5tly1 al?\gh a man receives =giv5ess ( pa/ s9s 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( 8 true p5ance1 nev]!less he mu/ p]sev]e 9 8 p5ance1 le/ he fall aga9 into s94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,to d p5ance bo? int]nal & ext]nal belongs to ! /ate ( beg9n]s1 ( ^?1 to wit1 :o are mak+ a fre% />t f ! /ate ( s94 ,b !re is room = int]nal p5ance ev5 9 ! pr(ici5t & ! p]fect1 accord+ to ,ps4 #hc3g3 ,9 8 he>t he ha? dispos$ to asc5d by /eps1 9 ! vale ( te>s4 ,:]e=e ,paul says 7#a ,cor4 #ae3i73 ,i 4 4 4 am n wor?y to be call$ an apo/le because ,i p]secut$ ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,^! durations ( "t are fix$ = p5it5ts z reg>ds ! ex]cise ( ext]nal p5ance4 ,,n9? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #i ,:e!r ,p5ance ,c ,be ,cont9u\s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t p5ance _c be cont9u\s4 ,= x is writt5 7,j]4 #ca3af73 ,let ?y voice cease f weep+1 & ?y eyes f te>s4 ,b ?is w\ld be impossible if p5ance 7 cont9u\s1 = x consi/s 9 weep+ & te>s4 ,!re=e p5ance _c be cont9u\s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 man ought to rejoice at e good "w1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ii3a3 ,s]ve ye ! ,"l ) gladness4 ,n[ to d p5ance is a good "w4 ,!re=e man %\ld rejoice at x4 ,b man _c rejoice & grieve at ! same "t1 z ! ,philosoph] decl>es 7,e?ic4 ix1 #d74 ,!re=e a p5it5t _c grieve cont9ually = 8 pa/ s9s1 :i* is ess5tial to p5ance4 ,!re=e p5ance _c be cont9u\s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,apo/le says 7#b ,cor4 #b3g73 ,com=t him1 viz4 ! p5it5t1 le/ p]haps su* an "o be swall[$ up ) ov]mu* sorr[4 ,b com=t dispels grief1 :i* is ess5tial to p5ance4 ,!re=e p5ance ne$ n be cont9u\s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 8 book on ,p5ance 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n3 ,9 do+ p5ance grief %\ld be cont9ual4 ,i answ] t1 ,"o is said to rep5t 9 two ways1 actually & habitually4 ,x is impossible = a man cont9ually to rep5t actually1 = ! acts1 :e!r int]nal or ext]nal1 ( a p5it5t mu/ ne$s be int]rupt$ by sleep & o!r ?+s :i* ! body ne$s4 ,secondly1 a man is said to rep5t habitually4 ,& ?us he %\ld rep5t cont9ually1 bo? by nev] do+ any?+ contr>y to p5ance1 s z to de/roy ! habitual disposition ( ! p5it5t1 & by be+ resolv$ t 8 pa/ s9s %\ld always be displeas+ to him4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,weep+ & te>s belong to ! act ( ext]nal p5ance1 & ?is act ne$s nei!r to be cont9u\s1 nor to la/ until ! end ( life1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #h73 :]e=e x is significantly add$3 ,= !re is a rew>d = ?y "w4 ,n[ ! rew>d ( ! p5it5t's "w is ! full remission ( s9 bo? z to guilt & z to puni%m5t2 & aft] receiv+ ?is rew>d !re is no ne$ = man to proce$ to acts ( ext]nal p5ance4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n prev5t p5ance be+ cont9ual1 z expla9$ above4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,( sorr[ & joy we may speak 9 two ways3 fir/1 z be+ passions ( ! s5sitive appetite2 & ?us !y c n[ise be toge!r1 s9ce !y are altoge!r contr>y to "o ano!r1 ei!r on ! "p ( ! object 7z :5 !y h ! same object71 or at lea/ on ! "p ( ! movem5t1 = joy is ) expansion 99,cf4 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #cc1 ,a4 #a ( ! he>t1 :]eas sorr[ is ) contraction2 & x is 9 ?is s5se t ! ,philosoph] speaks 9 ,e?ic4 ix4 ,secondly1 we may speak ( joy & sorr[ z be+ simple acts ( ! w1 to :i* some?+ is pleas+ or displeas+4 ,accord+ly1 !y _c be contr>y to "o ano!r1 except on ! "p ( ! object1 z :5 !y conc]n ! same object 9 ! same respect1 9 :i* way joy & sorr[ _c be simultane\s1 because ! same ?+ 9 ! same respect _c be pleas+ & displeas+4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 joy & sorr[1 und]/ood ?us1 be n ( ! same object 9 ! same respect1 b ei!r ( diff]5t objects1 or ( ! same object 9 diff]5t respects1 9 t case joy & sorr[ are n contr>y to "o ano!r1 s t no?+ h9d]s a man f be+ joyful & sorr[ful at ! same "t--= in/ance1 if we see a good man suff]1 we bo? rejoice at 8 goodness & at ! same "t grieve = 8 suff]+4 ,9 ?is way a man may be displeas$ at hav+ s9n$1 & be pleas$ at 8 displeasure toge!r ) 8 hope = p>don1 s t 8 v sorr[ is a matt] ( joy4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n3 ,! p5it5t %\ld ev] grieve & rejoice at 8 grief4 ,if1 h[ev]1 sorr[ 7 altoge!r incompatible ) joy1 ?is w\ld prev5t ! cont9uance1 n ( habitual p5ance1 b only ( actual p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 ii1 #c1 #f1 #g1 #i7 x belongs to virtue to e/abli% ! mean 9 ! passions4 ,n[ ! sorr[ :i*1 9 ! s5sitive appetite ( ! p5it5t1 arises f ! displeasure ( 8 w1 is a passion2 :]e=e x %\ld be mod]at$ accord+ to virtue1 & if x be excessive x is s9ful1 because x leads to despair1 z ! ,apo/le tea*es 7#b ,cor4 #b3g71 say+3 ,le/ su* an "o be swall[$ up ) ov]mu* sorr[4 ,accord+ly com=t1 ( :i* ! ,apo/le speaks1 mod]ates sorr[ b does n de/roy x altoge!r4 ,,t5? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hd1 ,art4 #aj ,:e!r ! ,sacram5t ( ,p5ance ,may ,be ,repeat$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance %\ld n be repeat$4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #f3d1 seqq473 ,x is impossible = ^?1 :o 7 once illum9at$1 h ta/$ also ! heav5ly gift1 & 7 made p>tak]s ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 4 4 4 & are fall5 away1 to be r5ew$ aga9 to p5ance4 ,n[ :osoev] h done p5ance1 h be5 illum9at$1 & h receiv$ ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e :osoev] s9 aft] do+ p5ance1 _c d p5ance aga94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,ambrose says 7,de ,po5it4 ii73 ,"s are to be f\nd :o ?9k !y ought (t5 to d p5ance1 :o take lib]ties ) ,*ri/3 = if !y 7 truly p5it5t1 !y w\ld n ?9k ( do+ p5ance ov] aga91 s9ce !re is b "o ,p5ance ev5 z !re is b "o ,baptism4 ,n[ ,baptism is n repeat$4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 is ,p5ance to be repeat$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! miracles :]eby our ,"l heal$ bodily diseases1 signify ! heal+ ( spiritual diseases1 :]eby m5 are deliv]$ f s9s4 ,n[ we d n read t our ,"l re/or$ ! sight to any bl9d man twice1 or t ,he cleans$ any lep] twice1 or twice rais$ any dead man to life4 ,!re=e x seems t ,he does n twice grant p>don to any s9n]4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,gregory says 7,hom4 xxxiv 9 ,evang473 ,p5ance consi/s 9 deplor+ pa/ s9s1 & 9 n committ+ aga9 ^? we h deplor$3 & ,isidore says 7,de ,summo ,bono ii73 ,he is a mock] & no p5it5t :o /ill does :at he has rep5t$ (4 ,if1 !re=e1 a man is truly p5it5t1 he w n s9 aga94 ,!re=e ,p5ance _c be repeat$4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 j z ,baptism d]ives its efficacy f ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 s does ,p5ance4 ,n[ ,baptism is n repeat$1 on acc\nt ( ! unity ( ,*ri/'s ,passion & dea?4 ,!re=e 9 l mann] ,p5ance is n repeat$4 ,obj4 #f3 ,fur!r1 ,ambrose says on ,ps4 #aah3eh1 ,i entreat$ ,?y face1 etc41 t facility ( obta9+ p>don is an inc5tive to s94 ,if1 !re=e1 ,god frequ5tly grants p>don ?r\gh ,p5ance1 x seems t ,he af=ds man an inc5tive to s91 & ?us ,he seems to take pleasure 9 s91 :i* is contr>y to ,8 goodness4 ,!re=e ,p5ance _c be repeat$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,man is induc$ to be m]ciful by ! example ( ,div9e m]cy1 accord+ to ,luke #f3cf3 ,be ye 4 4 4 m]ciful1 z y\r ,fa!r also is m]ciful4 ,n[ our ,"l comm&$ ,8 disciples to be m]ciful by frequ5tly p>don+ _! bre?r5 :o _h s9n$ aga9/ !m2 :]e=e1 z relat$ 9 ,matt4 #ah3ba1 :5 ,pet] ask$3 ,h[ (t5 %all my bro!r (f end aga9/ me1 & ,i =give him8 till sev5 times8 ,jesus answ]$3 ,i say n to !e1 till sev5 times1 b till sev5ty times sev5 times4 ,!re=e also ,god ov] & ov] aga91 ?r\gh ,p5ance1 grants p>don to s9n]s1 especially z ,he tea*es u to pray 7,matt4 #f3ab73 ,=give u our trespasses1 z we =give !m t trespass aga9/ u4 ,i answ] t1 ,z reg>ds ,p5ance1 "s h err$1 say+ t a man _c obta9 p>don ( 8 s9s ?r\gh ,p5ance a second "t4 ,"s ( ^!1 viz4 ! ,novatians1 w5t s f> z to say t he :o s9s aft] ! fir/ ,p5ance :i* is done 9 ,baptism1 _c be re/or$ aga9 ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,!re 7 also o!r h]etics :o1 z ,augu/9e relates 9 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n1 said t1 aft] ,baptism1 ,p5ance is useful1 n _m times1 b only once4 ,^! errors seem to h aris5 f a tw(old s\rce3 fir/ f n kn[+ ! nature ( true ,p5ance4 ,= s9ce true ,p5ance requires *>ity1 )\t :i* s9s are n tak5 away1 !y ?\ght t *>ity once possess$ c\ld n be lo/1 & t1 consequ5tly1 ,p5ance1 if true1 c\ld nev] be remov$ by s91 s t x %\ld be necess>y to repeat x4 ,b ?is 0 refut$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #aa71 :]e x 0 %[n t on acc\nt ( free-w *>ity1 once possess$1 c be lo/1 & t1 consequ5tly1 aft] true ,p5ance1 a man c s9 mortally4--,secondly1 !y err$ 9 _! e/imation ( ! gravity ( s94 ,= !y deem$ a s9 committ$ by a man aft] he _h receiv$ p>don1 to be s grave t x c\ld n be =giv54 ,9 ?is !y err$ n only ) reg>d to s9 :i*1 ev5 aft] a s9 has be5 =giv51 c be ei!r m or less griev\s ?an ! fir/1 :i* 0 =giv51 b mu* m did !y err aga9/ ! inf9ity ( ,div9e m]cy1 :i* surpasses any numb] & magnitude ( s9s1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ej3a1 #b3 ,h m]cy on me1 ,o ,god1 accord+ to ,?y great m]cy3 & accord+ to ! multitude ( ,?y t5d] m]cies1 blot out my iniquity4 ,:]e=e ! words ( ,ca9 7 repreh5sible1 :5 he said 7,g54 #d3ac73 ,my iniquity is great] ?an t ,i may des]ve p>don4 ,& s ,god's m]cy1 ?r\gh ,p5ance1 grants p>don to s9n]s )\t any end1 :]e=e x is writt5 7#b ,p>alip4 #cg 99,pray] ( ,manasses1 among ! ,apocrypha4 ,/4 ,?omas is evid5tly quot+ f memory1 & omits ! words 9 brackets473 ,?y m]ciful promise is unmeasurable & unse>*able 4 4 4 7& ,?\ rep5te/7 = ! evil br\ght ^u man4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t ,p5ance c be repeat$ _m times4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,"s ( ! ,jews ?\ght t a man c\ld be wa%$ sev]al times 9 ! lav] ( ,baptism1 because among !m ! ,law prescrib$ c]ta9 wa%+-places :]e !y 7 wont to cleanse !mselves repeat$ly f _! uncleannesses4 ,9 ord] to disprove ?is ! ,apo/le wrote to ! ,hebrews t x is impossible = ^? :o 7 once illum9at$1 viz4 ?r\gh ,baptism1 to be r5ew$ aga9 to p5ance1 viz4 ?r\gh ,baptism1 :i* is ! lav] ( reg5]ation1 & r5ovation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 z /at$ 9 ,titus #c3e3 & he decl>es ! reason to be t by ,baptism man dies ) ,*ri/1 :]e=e he adds 7,heb4 #f3f73 ,crucify+ aga9 to !mselves ! ,son ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ambrose is speak+ ( solemn ,p5ance1 :i* is n repeat$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 z we %all /ate fur!r on 7,suppl41 ,q4 #bh1 ,a4 #b74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z ,augu/9e says 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n1 ,our ,"l gave sight to _m bl9d m5 at v>i\s times1 & /r5g? to _m infirm1 !reby %[+1 9 ^! diff]5t m51 t ! same s9s are repeat$ly =giv51 at "o "t heal+ a man f leprosy & aft]w>ds f bl9dness4 ,= ?is reason ,he heal$ s _m /rick5 ) fev]1 s _m feeble 9 body1 s _m lame1 bl9d1 & )]$1 t ! s9n] might n despair2 = ?is reason ,he is n describ$ z heal+ anyone b once1 t e "o might fe> to l9k himself ) s92 = ?is reason ,he decl>es ,himself to be ! physician welcom$ n ( ! hale1 b ( ! unheal?y4 ,:at sort ( a physician is he :o kn[s n h[ to heal a recurr+ disease8 ,= if a man ail a hundr$ times x is = ! physician to heal him a hundr$ times3 & if he fail$ :]e o!rs succe$1 he w\ld be a poor physician 9 comp>ison ) !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,p5ance is to deplore pa/ s9s1 &1 :ile deplor+ !m1 n to commit aga91 ei!r by act or by int5tion1 ^? :i* we h to deplore4 ,because a man is a mock] & n a p5it5t1 :o1 :ile do+ p5ance1 does :at he rep5ts hav+ done1 or int5ds to d aga9 :at he did be=e1 or ev5 commits actually ! same or ano!r k9d ( s94 ,b if a man s9 aft]w>ds ei!r by act or int5tion1 ?is does n de/roy ! fact t 8 =m] p5ance 0 real1 because ! reality ( a =m] act is nev] de/roy$ by a subsequ5t contr>y act3 = ev5 z he truly ran :o aft]w>ds sits1 s he truly rep5t$ :o subsequ5tly s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,baptism d]ives its p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 z a spiritual reg5]ation1 ) a spiritual dea?1 ( a previ\s life4 ,n[ x is appo9t$ unto man once to die 7,heb4 #i3bg71 & to be born once1 :]e=e man %\ld be baptiz$ b once4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,p5ance d]ives its p[] f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 z a spiritual m$ic9e1 :i* c be repeat$ frequ5tly4 ,reply ,obj4 #f3 ,accord+ to ,augu/9e 7,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n71 x is evid5t t s9s displease ,god exce$+ly1 = ,he is always ready to de/roy !m1 le/ :at ,he creat$ %\ld p]i%1 & :at ,he lov$ be lo/1 viz4 by despair4 ,,"q #he ,,( ,,p5ance ,,z ,a ,,virtue 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] p5ance z a virtue1 "u :i* head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r p5ance is a virtue8 7#b7 ,:e!r x is a special virtue8 7#c7 ,to :at species ( virtue does x belong8 7#d7 ,( its subject2 7#e7 ,( its cause2 7#f7 ,( its relation to ! o!r virtues4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #he1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,p5ance ,is a ,virtue8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t p5ance is n a virtue4 ,= p5ance is a sacram5t numb]$ among ! o!r sacram5ts1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #a2 ,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #a74 ,n[ no o!r sacram5t is a virtue4 ,!re=e nei!r is p5ance a virtue4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 iv1 #i71 %ame is n a virtue1 bo? because x is a passion accompani$ by a bodily alt]ation1 & because x is n ! disposition ( a p]fect ?+1 s9ce x is ab\t an evil act1 s t x has no place 9 a virtu\s man4 ,n[1 9 l mann]1 p5ance is a passion accompani$ by a bodily alt]ation1 viz4 te>s1 accord+ to ,gregory1 :o says 7,hom4 xxxiv 9 ,evang47 t p5ance consi/s 9 deplor+ pa/ s9s3 moreov] x is ab\t evil de$s1 viz4 s9s1 :i* h no place 9 a virtu\s man4 ,!re=e p5ance is n a virtue4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 iv1 #c71 no virtu\s man is fooli%4 ,b x seems fooli% to deplore :at has be5 done 9 ! pa/1 s9ce x _c be o!rwise1 & yet ?is is :at we und]/& by p5ance4 ,!re=e p5ance is n a virtue4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! precepts ( ! ,law are ab\t acts ( virtue1 because a lawgiv] int5ds to make ! citiz5s virtu\s 7,e?ic4 ii1 #a74 ,b !re is a precept ab\t p5ance 9 ! ,div9e law1 accord+ to ,matt4 #d3ag3 ,d p5ance1 etc4 ,!re=e p5ance is a virtue4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,obj4 #b2 ,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #aj1 ad #d71 to rep5t is to deplore some?+ "o has done4 ,n[ x has be5 /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #i7 t sorr[ or sadness is tw(old4 ,fir/1 x d5otes a passion ( ! s5sitive appetite1 & 9 ?is s5se p5ance is n a virtue1 b a passion4 ,secondly1 x d5otes an act ( ! w1 & 9 ?is way x implies *oice1 & if ?is be "r1 x mu/1 ( necessity1 be an act ( virtue4 ,= x is /at$ 9 ,e?ic4 ii1 #f t virtue is a habit ( *oos+ accord+ to "r reason4 ,n[ x belongs to "r reason ?an "o %\ld grieve = a prop] object ( grief z "o ought to grieve1 & = an end = :i* "o ought to grieve4 ,& ?is is obs]v$ 9 ! p5ance ( :i* we are speak+ n[2 s9ce ! p5it5t assumes a mod]at$ grief = 8 pa/ s9s1 ) ! int5tion ( remov+ !m4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t ! p5ance ( :i* we are speak+ n[1 is ei!r a virtue or ! act ( a virtue4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a2 ,,aa4 #b1 #c71 9 ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 human acts take ! place ( matt]1 :i* is n ! case 9 ,baptism & ,confirmation4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce virtue is a pr9ciple ( an act1 p5ance is ei!r a virtue or accompanies a virtue1 r ?an ,baptism or ,confirmation4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,p5ance1 consid]$ z a passion1 is n a virtue1 z /at$ above1 & x is ?us t x is accompani$ by a bodily alt]ation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is a virtue1 accord+ z x includes a "r *oice on ! "p ( ! w2 :i*1 h[ev]1 applies to p5ance r ?an to %ame4 ,because %ame reg>ds ! evil de$ z pres5t1 :]eas p5ance reg>ds ! evil de$ z pa/4 ,n[ x is contr>y to ! p]fection ( virtue t "o %\ld h an evil de$ actually pres5t1 ( :i* "o ought to be a%am$2 :]eas x is n contr>y to ! p]fection ( virtue t we %\ld h previ\sly committ$ evil de$s1 ( :i* x behooves u to rep5t1 s9ce a man f be+ wick$ becomes virtu\s4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x w\ld inde$ be fooli% to grieve = :at has already be5 done1 ) ! int5tion ( try+ to make x n done4 ,b ! p5it5t does n int5d ?is3 = 8 sorr[ is displeasure or disapproval ) reg>d to ! pa/ de$1 ) ! int5tion ( remov+ its result1 viz4 ! ang] ( ,god & ! debt ( puni%m5t3 & ?is is n fooli%4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #he1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,p5ance ,is a ,special ,virtue8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t p5ance is n a special virtue4 ,= x seems t to rejoice at ! good "o has done1 & to grieve = ! evil "o has done are acts ( ! same nature4 ,b joy = ! good "o has done is n a special virtue1 b is a praisewor?y emotion proce$+ f *>ity1 z ,augu/9e /ates 7,de ,civ4 ,dei xiv1 #g1 #h1 #i73 :]e=e ! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ac3f7 t *>ity rejoice? n at iniquity1 b rejoice? ) ! tru?4 ,!re=e1 9 l mann]1 nei!r is p5ance1 :i* is sorr[ = pa/ s9s1 a special virtue1 b an emotion result+ f *>ity4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 e special virtue has its special matt]1 because habits are di/+ui%$ by _! acts1 & acts by _! objects4 ,b p5ance has no special matt]1 because its matt] is pa/ s9s 9 any matt] :atev]4 ,!re=e p5ance is n a special virtue4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 no?+ is remov$ except by its contr>y4 ,b p5ance removes all s9s4 ,!re=e x is contr>y to all s9s1 & consequ5tly is n a special virtue4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,law has a special precept ab\t p5ance1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,,aa4 #e1 #g74 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ed1 ,a4 #a1 ad #a1 ,a4 #b71 habits are specifically di/+ui%$ accord+ to ! species ( _! acts1 s t :5ev] an act has a special reason = be+ praisewor?y1 !re mu/ ne$s be a special habit4 ,n[ x is evid5t t !re is a special reason = prais+ ! act ( p5ance1 because x aims at ! de/ruction ( pa/ s91 consid]$ z an (f5se aga9/ ,god1 :i* does n apply to any o!r virtue4 ,we mu/ !re=e conclude t p5ance is a special virtue4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,an act spr+s f *>ity 9 two ways3 fir/ z be+ elicit$ by *>ity1 & a l virtu\s act requires no o!r virtue ?an *>ity1 e4g4 to love ! good1 to rejoice !re91 & to grieve = :at is oppos$ to x4 ,secondly1 an act spr+s f *>ity1 be+1 s to speak1 comm&$ by *>ity2 & ?us1 s9ce *>ity comm&s all ! virtues1 inasmu* z x directs !m to its own end1 an act spr++ f *>ity may belong ev5 to ano!r special virtue4 ,accord+ly1 if 9 ! act ( ! p5it5t we consid] ! m]e displeasure 9 ! pa/ s91 x belongs to *>ity imm$iately1 9 ! same way z joy = pa/ good acts2 b ! int5tion to aim at ! de/ruction ( pa/ s9 requires a special virtue subord9ate to *>ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 po9t ( fact1 p5ance has inde$ a g5]al matt]1 inasmu* z x reg>ds all s9s2 b x does s "u a special aspect1 inasmu* z !y c be rem$i$ by an act ( man 9 co-op]at+ ) ,god = 8 ju/ification4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,e special virtue removes =mally ! habit ( ! opposite vice1 j z :it5ess removes blackness f ! same subject3 b p5ance removes e s9 effectively1 inasmu* z x works = ! de/ruction ( s9s1 accord+ z !y are p>donable ?r\gh ! grace ( ,god if man co-op]ate !re)4 ,:]e=e x does n foll[ t x is a g5]al virtue4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #he1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,virtue ( ,p5ance ,is a ,species ( ,ju/ice8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! virtue ( p5ance is n a species ( ju/ice4 ,= ju/ice is n a !ological b a moral virtue1 z 0 %[n 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #fb1 ,a4 #c74 ,b p5ance seems to be a !ological virtue1 s9ce ,god is its object1 = x makes satisfaction to ,god1 to ,:om1 moreov]1 x reconciles ! s9n]4 ,!re=e x seems t p5ance is n a species ( ju/ice4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 s9ce ju/ice is a moral virtue x obs]ves ! mean4 ,n[ p5ance does n obs]ve ! mean1 b r goes to ! extreme1 accord+ to ,j]4 #f3bf3 ,make !e m\rn+ z = an only son1 a bitt] lam5tation4 ,!re=e p5ance is n a species ( ju/ice4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !re are two species ( ju/ice1 z /at$ 9 ,e?ic4 v1 #d1 viz4 di/ributive & commutative4 ,b p5ance does n seem to be conta9$ "u ei!r ( !m4 ,!re=e x seems t p5ance is n a species ( ju/ice4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 a gloss on ,luke #f3ba1 ,bless$ are ye t weep n[1 says3 ,x is prud5ce t tea*es u ! unhapp9ess ( e>?ly ?+s & ! happ9ess ( heav5ly ?+s4 ,b weep+ is an act ( p5ance4 ,!re=e p5ance is a species ( prud5ce r ?an ( ju/ice4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n3 ,p5ance is ! v5geance ( ! sorr[ful1 ev] puni%+ 9 !m :at !y are sorry = hav+ done4 ,b to take v5geance is an act ( ju/ice1 :]e=e ,tully says 7,de ,inv4 ,rhet4 ii7 t "o k9d ( ju/ice is call$ v9dictive4 ,!re=e x seems t p5ance is a species ( ju/ice4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b7 p5ance is a special virtue n m]ely because x sorr[s = evil done 7s9ce *>ity w\ld suffice = t71 b also because ! p5it5t grieves = ! s9 he has committ$1 inasmu* z x is an (f5se aga9/ ,god1 & purposes to am5d4 ,n[ am5dm5t = an (f5se committ$ aga9/ anyone is n made by m]ely ceas+ to (f5d1 b x is necess>y to make "s k9d ( comp5sation1 :i* obta9s 9 (f5ses committ$ aga9/ ano!r1 j z retribution does1 only t comp5sation is on ! "p ( ! (f5d]1 z :5 he makes satisfaction1 :]eas retribution is on ! "p ( ! p]son (f5d$ aga9/4 ,ea* ( ^! belongs to ! matt] ( ju/ice1 because ea* is a k9d ( commutation4 ,:]e=e x is evid5t t p5ance1 z a virtue1 is a "p ( ju/ice4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,e?ic4 v1 #f7 a ?+ is said to be j 9 two ways1 simply & relatively4 ,a ?+ is j simply :5 x is betwe5 equals1 s9ce ju/ice is a k9d ( equality1 & he calls ?is ! politic or civil j1 because all citiz5s are equal1 9 ! po9t ( be+ imm$iately "u ! rul]1 reta9+ _! fre$om4 ,b a ?+ is j relatively :5 x is betwe5 p>ties ( :om "o is subject to ! o!r1 z a s]vant "u 8 ma/]1 a son "u 8 fa!r1 a wife "u h] husb&4 ,x is ?is k9d ( j t we consid] 9 p5ance4 ,:]e=e ! p5it5t has rec\rse to ,god ) a purpose ( am5dm5t1 z a s]vant to 8 ma/]1 accord+ to ,ps4 #abb3b3 ,behold1 z ! eyes ( s]vants are on ! h&s ( _! ma/]s 4 4 4 s are our eyes unto ! ,"l our ,god1 until ,he h m]cy on u2 & z a son to 8 fa!r1 accord+ to ,luke #ae3ba3 ,fa!r1 ,i h s9n$ aga9/ heav5 & be=e !e2 & z a wife to h] husb&1 accord+ to ,j]4 #c3a3 ,?\ ha/ pro/itut$ ?yself to _m lov]s2 nev]!less return to ,me1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,z /at$ 9 ,e?ic4 v1 #a1 ju/ice is a virtue t[>ds ano!r p]son1 & ! matt] ( ju/ice is n s mu* ! p]son to :om ju/ice is due z ! ?+ :i* is ! subject ( di/ribution or commutation4 ,h5ce ! matt] ( p5ance is n ,god1 b human acts1 :]eby ,god is (f5d$ or appeas$2 :]eas ,god is z "o to :om ju/ice is due4 ,:]e=e x is evid5t t p5ance is n a !ological virtue1 because ,god is n its matt] or object4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! mean ( ju/ice is ! equality t is e/abli%$ betwe5 ^? betwe5 :om ju/ice is1 z /at$ 9 ,e?ic4 v4 ,b 9 c]ta9 cases p]fect equality _c be e/abli%$1 on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( "o1 z betwe5 fa!r & son1 ,god & man1 z ! ,philosoph] /ates 7,e?ic4 viii1 #ad71 :]e=e 9 su* cases1 he t falls %ort ( ! o!r mu/ d :atev] he c4 ,yet ?is w n be suffici5t simply1 b only accord+ to ! acceptance ( ! high] "o2 & ?is is :at is meant by ascrib+ excess to p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z !re is a k9d ( commutation 9 favors1 :51 to wit1 a man gives ?anks = a favor receiv$1 s also is !re commutation 9 ! matt] ( (f5ses1 :51 on acc\nt ( an (f5se committ$ aga9/ ano!r1 a man is ei!r puni%$ aga9/ 8 w1 :i* p]ta9s to v9dictive ju/ice1 or makes am5ds ( 8 own accord1 :i* belongs to p5ance1 :i* reg>ds ! p]son ( ! s9n]1 j z v9dictive ju/ice reg>ds ! p]son ( ! judge4 ,!re=e x is evid5t t bo? are compris$ "u commutative ju/ice4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,al?\gh p5ance is directly a species ( ju/ice1 yet1 9 a fa%ion1 x comprises ?+s p]ta9+ to all ! virtues2 = inasmu* z !re is a ju/ice ( man t[>ds ,god1 x mu/ h a %>e 9 matt] p]ta9+ to ! !ological virtues1 ! object ( :i* is ,god4 ,consequ5tly p5ance comprises fai? 9 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 :]eby we are cleans$ ( our s9s1 hope = p>don1 & hatr$ ( vice1 :i* p]ta9s to *>ity4 ,inasmu* z x is a moral virtue1 x has a %>e ( prud5ce1 :i* directs all ! moral virtues3 b f ! v nature ( ju/ice1 x has n only some?+ belong+ to ju/ice1 b also some?+ belong+ to temp]ance & =titude1 inasmu* z ^? ?+s :i* cause pleasure1 & :i* p]ta9 to temp]ance1 & ^? :i* cause t]ror1 :i* =titude mod]ates1 are objects ( commutative ju/ice4 ,accord+ly x belongs to ju/ice bo? to ab/a9 f pleasure1 :i* belongs to temp]ance1 & to be> ) h>d%ips1 :i* belongs to =titude4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #he1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,w ,is ,prop]ly ! ,subject ( ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! subject ( p5ance is n prop]ly ! w4 ,= p5ance is a species ( sorr[4 ,b sorr[ is 9 ! concupiscible "p1 ev5 z joy is4 ,!re=e p5ance is 9 ! concupiscible faculty4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 p5ance is a k9d ( v5geance1 z ,augu/9e /ates 9 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n4 ,b v5geance seems to reg>d ! irascible faculty1 s9ce ang] is ! desire = v5geance4 ,!re=e x seems t p5ance is 9 ! irascible "p4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! pa/ is ! prop] object ( ! memory1 accord+ to ! ,philosoph] 7,de ,memoria i74 ,n[ p5ance reg>ds ! pa/1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a1 ad #b1 ad #c74 ,!re=e p5ance is subject$ 9 ! memory4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 no?+ acts :]e x is n4 ,n[ p5ance removes s9 f all ! p[]s ( ! s\l4 ,!re=e p5ance is 9 e p[] ( ! s\l1 & n only 9 ! w4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,p5ance is a k9d ( sacrifice1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ej3ai3 ,a sacrifice to ,god is an afflict$ _s4 ,b to (f] a sacrifice is an act ( ! w1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ec3h3 ,i w freely sacrifice to ,!e4 ,!re=e p5ance is 9 ! w4 ,i answ] t1 ,we c speak ( p5ance 9 two ways3 fir/1 9 s f> z x is a passion1 & ?us1 s9ce x is a k9d ( sorr[1 x is 9 ! concupiscible "p z its subject2 secondly1 9 s f> z x is a virtue1 & ?us1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c71 x is a species ( ju/ice4 ,n[ ju/ice1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ef1 ,a4 #f71 is subject$ 9 ! rational appetite :i* is ! w4 ,!re=e x is evid5t t p5ance1 9 s f> z x is a virtue1 is subject$ 9 ! w1 & its prop] act is ! purpose ( am5d+ :at 0 committ$ aga9/ ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is argum5t consid]s p5ance z a passion4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,to desire v5geance on ano!r1 ?r\gh passion1 belongs to ! irascible appetite1 b to desire or take v5geance on oneself or on ano!r1 ?r\gh reason1 belongs to ! w4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! memory is a p[] t appreh5ds ! pa/4 ,b p5ance belongs n to ! appreh5sive b to ! appetitive p[]1 :i* presupposes an act ( ! appreh5sion4 ,:]e=e p5ance is n 9 ! memory1 b presupposes x4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,! w1 z /at$ above 7,i1 ,q4 #hb1 ,a4 #d2 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #i1 ,a4 #a71 moves all ! o!r p[]s ( ! s\l2 s t x is n unreasonable = p5ance to be subject$ 9 ! w1 & to produce an effect 9 ea* p[] ( ! s\l4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #he1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,p5ance ,orig9ates f ,fe>8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t p5ance does n orig9ate f fe>4 ,= p5ance orig9ates 9 displeasure at s94 ,b ?is belongs to *>ity1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c74 ,!re=e p5ance orig9ates f love r ?an fe>4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 m5 are induc$ to d p5ance1 ?r\gh ! expectation ( ! heav5ly k+dom1 accord+ to ,matt4 #c3b & ,matt4 #d3ag3 ,d p5ance1 = ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&4 ,n[ ! k+dom ( heav5 is ! object ( hope4 ,!re=e p5ance results f hope r ?an f fe>4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 fe> is an int]nal act ( man4 ,b p5ance does n seem to arise 9 u ?r\gh any "w ( man1 b ?r\gh ! op]ation ( ,god1 accord+ to ,j]4 #ca3ai3 ,aft] ,?\ did/ conv]t me ,i did p5ance4 ,!re=e p5ance does n result f fe>4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,isa4 #bf3ag73 ,z a woman ) *ild1 :5 %e drawe? ne> ! "t ( h] deliv]y1 is 9 pa91 & crie? out 9 h] pangs1 s ere we become1 by p5ance1 to wit2 & accord+ to ano!r 99,! ,septuag9t v]sion ! text cont9ues3 ,?r\gh fe> ( ,!e1 ,o ,"l1 we h conceiv$1 & be5 z x 7 9 labor1 & h br\ght =? ! _s ( salvation1 i4e4 ( salut>y p5ance1 z is cle> f :at prec$es4 ,!re=e p5ance results f fe>4 ,i answ] t1 ,we may speak ( p5ance 9 two ways3 fir/1 z to ! habit1 & !n x is infus$ by ,god imm$iately )\t our op]at+ z pr9cipal ag5ts1 b n )\t our co-op]at+ dispositively by c]ta9 acts4 ,secondly1 we may speak ( p5ance1 ) reg>d to ! acts :]eby 9 p5ance we co-op]ate ) ,god op]at+1 ! fir/ pr9ciple 99,cf4 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aac ( :i* acts is ! op]ation ( ,god 9 turn+ ! he>t1 accord+ to ,lam4 #e3ba3 ,conv]t u1 ,o ,"l1 to ,!e1 & we %all be conv]t$2 ! second1 an act ( fai?2 ! ?ird1 a movem5t ( s]vile fe>1 :]eby a man is )drawn f s9 ?r\gh fe> ( puni%m5t2 ! f\r?1 a movem5t ( hope1 :]eby a man makes a purpose ( am5dm5t1 9 ! hope ( obta9+ p>don2 ! fif?1 a movem5t ( *>ity1 :]eby s9 is displeas+ to man = its own sake & no long] = ! sake ( ! puni%m5t2 ! six?1 a movem5t ( filial fe> :]eby a man1 ( 8 own accord1 (f]s to make am5ds to ,god ?r\gh fe> ( ,him4 ,accord+ly x is evid5t t ! act ( p5ance results f s]vile fe> z f ! fir/ movem5t ( ! appetite 9 ?is direction & f filial fe> z f its imm$iate & prop] pr9ciple4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9 beg9s to displease a man1 especially a s9n]1 on acc\nt ( ! puni%m5ts :i* s]vile fe> reg>ds1 be=e x displeases him on acc\nt ( its be+ an (f5se aga9/ ,god1 or on acc\nt ( its wick$ness1 :i* p]ta9s to *>ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,:5 ! k+dom ( heav5 is said to be at h&1 we are to und]/& t ! k+ is on 8 way1 n only to rew>d b also to puni%4 ,:]e=e ,john ! ,bapti/ said 7,matt4 #c3g73 ,ye brood ( vip]s1 :o ha? %[$ y to flee f ! wra? to come8 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,ev5 ! movem5t ( fe> proce$s f ,god's act 9 turn+ ! he>t2 :]e=e x is writt5 7,deut4 #e3bi73 ,:o %all give !m to h su* a m9d1 to fe> ,me8 ,& s ! fact t p5ance results f fe> does n h9d] its result+ f ! act ( ,god 9 turn+ ! he>t4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #he1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ,p5ance ,is ! ,fir/ ( ! ,virtues8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t p5ance is ! fir/ ( ! virtues4 ,because1 on ,matt4 #c3b1 ,d p5ance1 etc41 a gloss says3 ,! fir/ virtue is to de/roy ! old man1 & hate s9 by means ( p5ance4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 )drawal f "o extreme seems to prec$e approa* to ! o!r4 ,n[ all ! o!r virtues seem to reg>d approa* to a t]m1 because !y all direct man to d good2 :]eas p5ance seems to direct him to )draw f evil4 ,!re=e x seems t p5ance prec$es all ! o!r virtues4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 be=e p5ance1 !re is s9 9 ! s\l4 ,n[ no virtue is compatible ) s9 9 ! s\l4 ,!re=e no virtue prec$es p5ance1 :i* is itself ! fir/ ( all & op5s ! door to ! o!rs by expell+ s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,p5ance results f fai?1 hope1 & *>ity1 z already /at$ 7,,aa4 #b1 #e74 ,!re=e p5ance is n ! fir/ ( ! virtues4 ,i answ] t1 ,9 speak+ ( ! virtues1 we d n consid] ! ord] ( "t ) reg>d to ! habits1 because1 s9ce ! virtues are connect$ ) "o ano!r1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #fe1 ,a4 #a71 !y all beg9 at ! same "t to be 9 ! s\l2 b "o is said to prec$e ! o!r 9 ! ord] ( nature1 :i* ord] dep5ds on ! ord] ( _! acts1 9 s f> z ! act ( "o virtue presupposes ! act ( ano!r4 ,accord+ly1 !n1 "o mu/ say t1 ev5 9 ! ord] ( "t1 c]ta9 praisewor?y acts c prec$e ! act & ! habit ( p5ance1 e4g4 acts ( dead fai? & hope1 & an act ( s]vile fe>2 :ile ! act & habit ( *>ity are1 9 po9t ( "t1 simultane\s ) ! act & habit ( p5ance1 & ) ! habits ( ! o!r virtues4 ,=1 z 0 /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aac1 ,,aa4 #g1 #h71 9 ! ju/ification ( ! ungodly1 ! movem5t ( ! free-w t[>ds ,god1 :i* is an act ( fai? quick5$ by *>ity1 & ! movem5t ( ! free-w t[>ds s91 :i* is ! act ( p5ance1 are simultane\s4 ,yet ( ^! two acts1 ! =m] naturally prec$es ! latt]1 because ! act ( ! virtue ( p5ance is direct$ aga9/ s91 ?r\gh love ( ,god2 :]e ! fir/-m5tion$ act is ! reason & cause ( ! second4 ,consequ5tly p5ance is n simply ! fir/ ( ! virtues1 ei!r 9 ! ord] ( "t1 or 9 ! ord] ( nature1 because1 9 ! ord] ( nature1 ! !ological virtues prec$e x simply4 ,nev]!less1 9 a c]ta9 respect1 x is ! fir/ ( ! o!r virtues 9 ! ord] ( "t1 z reg>ds its act1 because ?is act is ! fir/ 9 ! ju/ification ( ! ungodly2 :]eas 9 ! ord] ( nature1 ! o!r virtues seem to prec$e1 z t :i* is natural prec$es t :i* is accid5tal2 because ! o!r virtues seem to be necess>y = man's good1 by reason ( _! v nature1 :]eas p5ance is only necess>y if some?+1 viz4 s91 be presuppos$1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ee1 ,a4 #b71 :5 we spoke ( ! relation ( ! sacram5t ( p5ance to ! o!r sacram5ts a=esaid4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is gloss is to be tak5 z mean+ t ! act ( p5ance is ! fir/ 9 po9t ( "t1 9 comp>ison ) ! acts ( ! o!r virtues4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 successive movem5ts )drawal f "o extreme prec$es approa* to ! o!r1 9 po9t ( "t2 & also 9 ! ord] ( nature1 if we consid] ! subject1 i4e4 ! ord] ( ! mat]ial cause2 b if we consid] ! ord] ( ! effici5t & f9al causes1 approa* to ! end is fir/1 = x is ?is t ! effici5t cause int5ds fir/ ( all3 & x is ?is ord] :i* we consid] *iefly 9 ! acts ( ! s\l1 z /at$ 9 ,phys4 ii4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,p5ance op5s ! door to ! o!r virtues1 because x expels s9 by ! virtues ( fai?1 hope & *>ity1 :i* prec$e x 9 ! ord] ( nature2 yet x s op5s ! door to !m t !y ent] at ! same "t z x3 because1 9 ! ju/ification ( ! ungodly1 at ! same "t z ! free-w is mov$ t[>ds ,god & aga9/ s91 ! s9 is p>don$ & grace infus$1 & ) grace all ! virtues1 z /at$ 9 ! ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #fe1 ,,aa4 #c1 #e4 ,,"q #hf ,,( ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,p5ance1 ,,z ,,reg>ds ,,! ,,p>don ,,( ,,mortal ,,s9 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! effect ( ,p5ance2 & 7#a7 z reg>ds ! p>don ( mortal s9s2 7#b7 z reg>ds ! p>don ( v5ial s9s2 7#c7 z reg>ds ! return ( s9s :i* h be5 p>don$2 7#d7 z reg>ds ! recov]y ( ! virtues4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r all mortal s9s are tak5 away by ,p5ance8 7#b7 ,:e!r !y c be tak5 away )\t ,p5ance8 7#c7 ,:e!r "o c be tak5 away )\t ! o!r8 7#d7 ,:e!r ,p5ance takes away ! guilt :ile ! debt rema9s8 7#e7 ,:e!r any remnants ( s9 rema98 7#f7 ,:e!r ! removal ( s9 is ! effect ( ,p5ance z a virtue1 or z a sacram5t8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hf1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,all ,s9s ,are ,tak5 ,away by ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t n all s9s are tak5 away by ,p5ance4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,heb4 #ab3ag7 t ,esau f\nd no place ( rep5tance1 al?\gh ) te>s he _h s\ght x1 :i* a gloss expla9s z mean+ t he f\nd no place ( p>don & bless+ ?r\gh ,p5ance3 & x is relat$ 7#b ,macc4 #i3ac7 ( ,antio*us1 t ?is wick$ man pray$ to ! ,"l1 ( ,:om he 0 n to obta9 m]cy4 ,!re=e x does n seem t all s9s are tak5 away by ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,augu/9e says 7,de ,s]m4 ,dom4 9 ,monte i7 t s great is ! /a9 ( t s9 7namely1 :5 a man1 aft] com+ to ! k ( ,god ?r\gh ! grace ( ,*ri/1 resi/s frat]nal *>ity1 & by ! br&s ( envy combats grace itself7 t he is unable to humble himself 9 pray]1 al?\gh he is =c$ by 8 wick$ consci5ce to ackn[l$ge & confess 8 s94 ,!re=e n e s9 c be tak5 away by ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 our ,"l said 7,matt4 #ab3cb73 ,he t %all speak aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 x %all n be =giv5 him1 nei!r 9 ?is _w nor 9 ! _w to come4 ,!re=e n e s9 c be p>don$ ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eze*4 #ah3bb73 ,i w n rememb] any m all 8 iniquities t he ha? done4 ,i answ] t1 ,! fact t a s9 _c be tak5 away by ,p5ance may happ5 9 two ways3 fir/1 because ( ! impossibility ( rep5t+ ( s92 secondly1 because ( ,p5ance be+ unable to blot out a s94 ,9 ! fir/ way ! s9s ( ! demons & ( m5 :o are lo/1 _c be blott$ out by ,p5ance1 because _! w is confirm$ 9 evil1 s t s9 _c displease !m z to its guilt1 b only z to ! puni%m5t :i* !y suff]1 by reason ( :i* !y h a k9d ( rep5tance1 :i* yet is fruitless1 accord+ to ,wis4 #e3c3 ,rep5t+1 & groan+ = angui% ( _s4 ,consequ5tly su* ,p5ance br+s no hope ( p>don1 b only despair4 ,nev]!less no s9 ( a wayf>] c be su* z t1 because 8 w is flexible to good & evil4 ,:]e=e to say t 9 ?is life !re is any s9 ( :i* "o _c rep5t1 is errone\s1 fir/1 because ?is w\ld de/roy free-w1 secondly1 because ?is w\ld be d]ogatory to ! p[] ( grace1 :]eby ! he>t ( any s9n] :atsoev] c be mov$ to rep5t1 accord+ to ,prov4 #ba3a3 ,! he>t ( ! k+ is 9 ! h& ( ! ,"l3 :i!rsoev] ,he w ,he %all turn x4 ,x is also errone\s to say t any s9 _c be p>don$ ?r\gh true ,p5ance4 ,fir/1 because ?is is contr>y to ,div9e m]cy1 ( :i* x is writt5 7,joel #b3ac7 t ,god is graci\s & m]ciful1 pati5t1 & ri* 9 m]cy1 & ready to rep5t ( ! evil2 =1 9 a mann]1 ,god w\ld be ov]come by man1 if man wi%$ a s9 to be blott$ out1 :i* ,god 7 unwill+ to blot out4 ,secondly1 because ?is w\ld be d]ogatory to ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ?r\gh :i* ,p5ance produces its effect1 z d ! o!r sacram5ts1 s9ce x is writt5 7#a ,john #b3b73 ,he is ! propitiation = our s9s1 & n = ours only1 b also = ^? ( ! :ole _w4 ,!re=e we mu/ say simply t1 9 ?is life1 e s9 c be blott$ out by true ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,esau did n truly rep5t4 ,?is is evid5t f 8 say+ 7,g54 #bg3da73 ,! days w come ( ! m\rn+ ( my fa!r1 & ,i w kill my bro!r ,jacob4 ,likewise nei!r did ,antio*us rep5t truly2 s9ce he griev$ = 8 pa/ s91 n because he _h (f5d$ ,god !reby1 b on acc\nt ( ! sickness :i* he suff]$ 9 8 body4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,^! words ( ,augu/9e %\ld be und]/ood ?us3 ,s great is ! /a9 ( t s91 t man is unable to humble himself 9 pray]1 i4e4 x is n easy = him to d s2 9 :i* s5se we say t a man _c be heal$1 :5 x is difficult to heal him4 ,yet ?is is possible by ! p[] ( ,god's grace1 :i* sometimes turns m5 ev5 into ! dep?s ( ! sea 7,ps4 #fg3bc74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! ^w or blasphemy spok5 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ is f9al imp5it5ce1 z ,augu/9e /ates 7,de ,v]b4 ,dom4 xi71 :i* is altoge!r unp>donable1 because aft] ?is life is end$1 !re is no p>don ( s9s4 ,or1 if by ! blasphemy aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 we und]/& s9 committ$ ?r\gh c]ta9 malice1 ?is means ei!r t ! blasphemy itself aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ is unp>donable1 i4e4 n easily p>donable1 or t su* a s9 does n conta9 9 itself any motive = p>don1 or t = su* a s9 a man is puni%$ bo? 9 ?is & 9 ! next _w1 z we expla9$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,iii1 ,q4 #ad1 ,a4 #c74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hf1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,s9 ,c ,be ,p>don$ ,)\t ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t s9 c be p>don$ )\t ,p5ance4 ,= ! p[] ( ,god is no less ) reg>d to adults ?an ) reg>d to *ildr54 ,b ,he p>dons ! s9s ( *ildr5 )\t ,p5ance4 ,!re=e ,he also p>dons adults )\t p5ance4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,god did n b9d ,8 p[] to ! sacram5ts4 ,b ,p5ance is a sacram5t4 ,!re=e by ,god's p[] s9 c be p>don$ )\t ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,god's m]cy is great] ?an man's4 ,n[ man sometimes =gives ano!r = (f5d+ him1 )\t 8 rep5t+3 :]e=e our ,"l comm&$ u 7,matt4 #e3dd73 ,love y\r enemies1 d good to !m t hate y4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 does ,god p>don m5 = (f5d+ him1 )\t _! rep5t+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,"l said 7,j]4 #ah3h73 ,if t nation 4 4 4 %all rep5t ( _! evil :i* !y h done1 ,i also w rep5t ( ! evil t ,i h ?\ght to d !m1 s t1 on ! o!r h&1 if man d n p5ance1 x seems t ,god w n p>don him 8 s94 ,i answ] t1 ,x is impossible = a mortal actual s9 to be p>don$ )\t p5ance1 if we speak ( p5ance z a virtue4 ,=1 z s9 is an (f5se aga9/ ,god1 ,he p>dons s9 9 ! same way z he p>dons an (f5se committ$ aga9/ ,him4 ,n[ an (f5se is directly oppos$ to grace1 s9ce "o man is said to be (f5d$ ) ano!r1 because he excludes him f 8 grace4 ,n[1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #a71 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! grace ( ,god & ! grace ( man1 is t ! latt] does n cause1 b presupposes true or app>5t goodness 9 him :o is grac$1 :]eas ! grace ( ,god causes goodness 9 ! man :o is grac$1 because ! good-w ( ,god1 :i* is d5ot$ by ! ^w grace1 is ! cause ( all creat$ good4 ,h5ce x is possible = a man to p>don an (f5se1 = :i* he is (f5d$ ) someone1 )\t any *ange 9 ! latt]'s w2 b x is impossible t ,god p>don a man = an (f5se1 )\t 8 w be+ *ang$4 ,n[ ! (f5se ( mortal s9 is due to man's w be+ turn$ away f ,god1 ?r\gh be+ turn$ to "s mutable good4 ,consequ5tly1 = ! p>don ( ?is (f5se aga9/ ,god1 x is necess>y = man's w to be s *ang$ z to turn to ,god & to r5\nce hav+ turn$ to some?+ else 9 ! a=esaid mann]1 toge!r ) a purpose ( am5dm5t2 all ( :i* belongs to ! nature ( p5ance z a virtue4 ,!re=e x is impossible = a s9 to be p>don$ anyone )\t p5ance z a virtue4 ,b ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hh1 ,a4 #c71 is p]fect$ by ! prie/ly (fice ( b9d+ & loos+1 )\t :i* ,god c =give s9s1 ev5 z ,*ri/ p>don$ ! adult]\s woman1 z relat$ 9 ,john #h1 & ! woman t 0 a s9n]1 z relat$ 9 ,luke vii1 ^: s9s1 h[ev]1 ,he did n =give )\t ! virtue ( p5ance3 = z ,gregory /ates 7,hom4 xxxiii 9 ,evang471 ,he drew inw>dly by grace1 i4e4 by p5ance1 h] :om ,he receiv$ outw>dly by ,8 m]cy4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 *ildr5 !re is none b orig9al s91 :i* consi/s1 n 9 an actual disord] ( ! w1 b 9 a habitual disord] ( nature1 z expla9$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #hb1 ,a4 #a71 & s 9 !m ! =giv5ess ( s9 is accompani$ by a habitual *ange result+ f ! infusion ( grace & virtues1 b n by an actual *ange4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! case ( an adult1 9 :om !re are actual s9s1 :i* consi/ 9 an actual disord] ( ! w1 !re is no remission ( s9s1 ev5 9 ,baptism1 )\t an actual *ange ( ! w1 :i* is ! effect ( ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,?is argum5t takes ,p5ance z a sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,god's m]cy is m p[]ful ?an man's1 9 t x moves man's w to rep5t1 :i* man's m]cy _c d4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hf1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r by ,p5ance ,"o ,s9 ,c ,be ,p>don$ ,)\t ,ano!r8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t by ,p5ance "o s9 c be p>don$ )\t ano!r4 ,= x is writt5 7,amos #d3g73 ,i caus$ x to ra9 ^u "o city1 & caus$ x n to ra9 ^u ano!r city2 "o piece 0 ra9$ ^u3 & ! piece :]eupon ,i ra9$ n1 )]$4 ,^! words are exp\nd$ by ,gregory1 :o says 7,hom4 x sup] ,eze*473 ,:5 a man :o hates 8 neighbor1 breaks himself ( o!r vices1 ra9 falls on "o "p ( ! city1 leav+ ! o!r "p )]$1 = !re are "s m5 :o1 :5 !y prune "s vices1 become mu* m root$ 9 o!rs4 ,!re=e "o s9 c be =giv5 by ,p5ance1 )\t ano!r4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,ambrose 9 comm5t+ on ,ps4 #aah1 ,bless$ are ! undefil$ 9 ! way1 aft] exp\nd+ v]se #acf 7,my eyes h s5t =? spr+s ( wat]71 says t ! fir/ consolation is t ,god is m9dful to h m]cy2 & ! second1 t ,he puni%es1 = al?\gh fai? be want+1 puni%m5t makes satisfaction & raises u up4 ,!re=e a man c be rais$ up f "o s91 :ile ! s9 ( unbelief rema9s4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 :5 sev]al ?+s are n necess>ily toge!r1 "o c be remov$ )\t ! o!r4 ,n[ x 0 /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #gc1 ,a4 #a7 t s9s are n connect$ toge!r1 s t "o s9 c be )\t ano!r4 ,!re=e also "o s9 c be tak5 away by ,p5ance )\t ano!r be+ tak5 away4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 s9s are ! debts1 = :i* we pray = p>don :5 we say 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]3 ,=give u our trespasses1 etc4 ,n[ man sometimes =gives "o debt )\t =giv+ ano!r4 ,!re=e ,god also1 by ,p5ance1 =gives "o s9 )\t ano!r4 ,obj4 #e3 ,fur!r1 man's s9s are =giv5 him ?r\gh ! love ( ,god1 accord+ to ,j]4 #ca3c3 ,i h lov$ !e ) an ev]la/+ love1 !re=e h ,i drawn !e1 tak+ pity on !e4 ,n[ !re is no?+ to h9d] ,god f lov+ a man 9 "o respect1 :ile be+ (f5d$ ) him 9 ano!r1 ev5 z ,he loves ! s9n] z reg>ds 8 nature1 :ile hat+ him = 8 s94 ,!re=e x seems possible = ,god1 by ,p5ance1 to p>don "o s9 )\t ano!r4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n3 ,!re are _m :o rep5t hav+ s9n$1 b n completely2 = !y except c]ta9 ?+s :i* give !m pleasure1 =gett+ t our ,"l deliv]$ f ! devil ! man :o 0 bo? dumb & deaf1 :]eby ,he %[s u t we are nev] heal$ unless x be f all s9s4 ,i answ] t1 ,x is impossible = ,p5ance to take "o s9 away )\t ano!r4 ,fir/ because s9 is tak5 away by grace remov+ ! (f5se aga9/ ,god4 ,:]e=e x 0 /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aji1 ,a4 #g2 ,q4 #aac1 ,a4 #b7 t )\t grace no s9 c be =giv54 ,n[ e mortal s9 is oppos$ to grace & excludes x4 ,!re=e x is impossible = "o s9 to be p>don$ )\t ano!r4 ,secondly1 because1 z %[n above 7,a4 #b7 mortal s9 _c be =giv5 )\t true ,p5ance1 to :i* x belongs to r5\nce s91 by reason ( its be+ aga9/ ,god1 :i* is common to all mortal s9s3 & :]e ! same reason applies1 ! result w be ! same4 ,consequ5tly a man _c be truly p5it5t1 if he rep5t ( "o s9 & n ( ano!r4 ,= if "o p>ticul> s9 7 displeas+ to him1 because x is aga9/ ! love ( ,god above all ?+s 7:i* motive is necess>y = true rep5tance71 x foll[s t he w\ld rep5t ( all4 ,:5ce x foll[s t x is impossible = "o s9 to be p>don$ ?r\gh ,p5ance1 )\t ano!r4 ,?irdly1 because ?is w\ld be contr>y to ! p]fection ( ,god's m]cy1 s9ce ,8 works are p]fect1 z /at$ 9 ,deut4 #cb3d2 :]e=e :omsoev] ,he p>dons1 ,he p>dons altoge!r4 ,h5ce ,augu/9e says 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n1 t x is irrev]5t & h]etical to expect half a p>don f ,him ,:o is j & ju/ice itself4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,^! words ( ,gregory d n ref] to ! =giv5ess ( ! guilt1 b to ! cessation f act1 because sometimes a man :o has be5 wont to commit sev]al k9ds ( s91 r5\nces "o & n ! o!r2 :i* is inde$ due to ,god's assi/ance1 b does n rea* to ! p>don ( ! s94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ?is say+ ( ,ambrose fai? _c d5ote ! fai? :]eby we believe 9 ,*ri/1 because1 z ,augu/9e says on ,john #ae3bb1 ,if ,i _h n come1 & spok5 to !m1 !y w\ld n h s9 7viz4 unbelief73 = ?is is ! s9 :i* conta9s all o!rs3 b x /&s = consci\sness1 because sometimes a man receives p>don = a s9 ( :i* he is n consci\s1 ?r\gh ! puni%m5t :i* he be>s pati5tly4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,al?\gh s9s are n connect$ 9 s f> z !y turn t[>ds a mutable good1 yet !y are connect$ 9 s f> z !y turn away f ! immutable ,good1 :i* applies to all mortal s9s 9 common2 & x is ?us t !y h ! "* ( an (f5se :i* ne$s to be remov$ by ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,debt z reg>ds ext]nal ?+s1 e4g4 money1 is n oppos$ to fri5d%ip ?r\gh :i* ! debt is p>don$2 h5ce "o debt c be condon$ )\t ano!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! debt ( s9 is oppos$ to fri5d%ip1 & s "o s9 or (f5se is n p>don$ )\t ano!r2 = x w\ld seem absurd = anyone to ask ev5 a man to =give him "o (f5se & n ano!r4 ,reply ,obj4 #e3 ,! love :]eby ,god loves man's nature1 does n orda9 man to ! good ( glory f :i* man is exclud$ by any mortal s92 b ! love ( grace1 :]eby mortal s9 is =giv51 orda9s man to et]nal life1 accord+ to ,rom4 #f3bc3 ,! grace ( ,god 7is7 life ev]la/+4 ,h5ce !re is no comp>ison4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hf1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,debt ( ,puni%m5t ,rema9s ,aft] ! ,guilt ,has ,be5 ,=giv5 ,?r\gh ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t no debt ( puni%m5t rema9s aft] ! guilt has be5 =giv5 ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,= :5 ! cause is remov$1 ! effect is remov$4 ,b ! guilt is ! cause ( ! debt ( puni%m5t3 s9ce a man des]ves to be puni%$ because he has be5 guilty ( a s94 ,!re=e :5 ! s9 has be5 =giv51 no debt ( puni%m5t c rema94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ! ,apo/le 7,rom4 #e7 ! gift ( ,*ri/ is m effective ?an ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,n[1 by s9n+1 man incurs at ! same "t guilt & ! debt ( puni%m5t4 ,mu* m !re=e1 by ! gift ( grace1 is ! guilt =giv5 & at ! same "t ! debt ( puni%m5t remitt$4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! =giv5ess ( s9s is effect$ 9 ,p5ance ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3be3 ,:om ,god ha? propos$ to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 ,blood 4 4 4 = ! remission ( =m] s9s4 ,n[ ,*ri/'s ,passion made satisfaction suffici5t = all s9s1 z /at$ above 7,,qq4 #dh1 #di1 #gi1 ,a4 #e74 ,!re=e aft] ! guilt has be5 p>don$1 no debt ( puni%m5t rema9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is relat$ 7#b ,k+s #ab3ac7 t :5 ,david p5it5t _h said to ,na?an3 ,i h s9n$ aga9/ ! ,"l1 ,na?an said to him3 ,! ,"l also ha? tak5 away ?y s91 ?\ %alt n die4 ,nev]!less 4 4 4 ! *ild t is born to !e %all surely die1 :i* 0 to puni% him = ! s9 he _h committ$1 z /at$ 9 ! same place4 ,!re=e a debt ( "s puni%m5t rema9s aft] ! guilt has be5 =giv54 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #hg1 ,a4 #d71 9 mortal s9 !re are two ?+s1 namely1 a turn+ f ! immutable ,good1 & an inord9ate turn+ to mutable good4 ,accord+ly1 9 s f> z mortal s9 turns away f ! immutable ,good1 x induces a debt ( et]nal puni%m5t1 s t :osoev] s9s aga9/ ! et]nal ,good %\ld be puni%$ et]nally4 ,aga91 9 s f> z mortal s9 turns inord9ately to a mutable good1 x gives rise to a debt ( "s puni%m5t1 because ! disord] ( guilt is n br\ght back to ! ord] ( ju/ice1 except by puni%m5t3 s9ce x is j t he :o has be5 too indulg5t to 8 w1 %\ld suff] some?+ aga9/ 8 w1 = ?us w equality be re/or$4 ,h5ce x is writt5 7,apoc4 #ah3g73 ,z mu* z %e ha? glorifi$ h]self1 & liv$ 9 delicacies1 s mu* torm5t & sorr[ give ye to h]4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! turn+ to mutable good is f9ite1 s9 does n1 9 ?is respect1 induce a debt ( et]nal puni%m5t4 ,:]e=e1 if man turns inord9ately to a mutable good1 )\t turn+ f ,god1 z happ5s 9 v5ial s9s1 he incurs a debt1 n ( et]nal b ( temporal puni%m5t4 ,consequ5tly :5 guilt is p>don$ ?r\gh grace1 ! s\l ceases to be turn$ away f ,god1 ?r\gh be+ unit$ to ,god by grace3 s t at ! same "t1 ! debt ( puni%m5t is tak5 away1 albeit a debt ( "s temporal puni%m5t may yet rema94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,mortal s9 bo? turns away f ,god & turns to a creat$ good4 ,b1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #ga1 ,a4 #f71 ! turn+ away f ,god is z its =m :ile ! turn+ to creat$ good is z its matt]4 ,n[ if ! =mal elem5t ( any?+ be remov$1 ! species is tak5 away3 ?us1 if y take away rational1 y take away ! human species4 ,consequ5tly mortal s9 is said to be p>don$ f ! v fact t1 by means ( grace1 ! av]sion ( ! m9d f ,god is tak5 away toge!r ) ! debt ( et]nal puni%m5t3 & yet ! mat]ial elem5t rema9s1 viz4 ! inord9ate turn+ to a creat$ good1 = :i* a debt ( temporal puni%m5t is due4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aji1 ,,aa4 #g1 #h2 ,q4 #aaa1 ,a4 #b71 x belongs to grace to op]ate 9 man by ju/ify+ him f s91 & to co-op]ate ) man t 8 "w may be rightly done4 ,consequ5tly ! =giv5ess ( guilt & ( ! debt ( et]nal puni%m5t belongs to op]at+ grace1 :ile ! remission ( ! debt ( temporal puni%m5t belongs to co-op]at+ grace1 9 s f> z man1 by be>+ puni%m5t pati5tly ) ! help ( ,div9e grace1 is releas$ also f ! debt ( temporal puni%m5t4 ,consequ5tly j z ! effect ( op]at+ grace prec$es ! effect ( co-op]at+ grace1 s too1 ! remission ( guilt & ( et]nal puni%m5t prec$es ! complete release f temporal puni%m5t1 s9ce bo? are f grace1 b ! =m]1 f grace alone1 ! latt]1 f grace & free-w4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,*ri/'s ,passion is ( itself suffici5t to remove all debt ( puni%m5t1 n only et]nal1 b also temporal2 & man is releas$ f ! debt ( puni%m5t accord+ to ! measure ( 8 %>e 9 ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,n[ 9 ,baptism man %>es ! ,p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion fully1 s9ce by wat] & ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 he dies ) ,him to s91 & is born aga9 9 ,him to a new life1 s t1 9 ,baptism1 man receives ! remission ( all debt ( puni%m5t4 ,9 ,p5ance1 on ! o!r h&1 man %>es 9 ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion accord+ to ! measure ( 8 own acts1 :i* are ! matt] ( ,p5ance1 z wat] is ( ,baptism1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c74 ,:]e=e ! entire debt ( puni%m5t is n remitt$ at once aft] ! fir/ act ( ,p5ance1 by :i* act ! guilt is remitt$1 b only :5 all ! acts ( ,p5ance h be5 complet$4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hf1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ! ,remnants ( ,s9 ,are ,remov$ ,:5 a ,mortal ,s9 ,is ,=giv58 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t all ! remnants ( s9 are remov$ :5 a mortal s9 is =giv54 ,= ,augu/9e says 9 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n3 ,our ,"l nev] heal$ anyone )\t deliv]+ him :olly2 = ,he :olly heal$ ! man on ! ,sabba?1 s9ce ,he deliv]$ 8 body f all disease1 & 8 s\l f all ta9t4 ,n[ ! remnants ( s9 belong to ! disease ( s94 ,!re=e x does n seem possible = any remnants ( s9 to rema9 :5 ! guilt has be5 p>don$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 accord+ to ,dionysius 7,div4 ,nom4 iv71 good is m efficaci\s ?an evil1 s9ce evil does n act save 9 virtue ( "s good4 ,n[1 by s9n+1 man incurs ! ta9t ( s9 all at once4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 by rep5t+1 is he deliv]$ also f all remnants ( s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,god's "w is m efficaci\s ?an man's4 ,n[ by ! ex]cise ( good human works ! remnants ( contr>y s9s are remov$4 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 are !y tak5 away by ! remission ( guilt1 :i* is a "w ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we read 7,mk4 #h7 t ! bl9d man :om our ,"l enlight5$1 0 re/or$ fir/ ( all to imp]fect sight1 :]e=e he said 7,mk4 #h3bd73 ,i see m51 z x 7 trees1 walk+2 & aft]w>ds he 0 re/or$ p]fectly1 s t he saw all ?+s cle>ly4 ,n[ ! enlight5m5t ( ! bl9d man signifies ! deliv]y ( ! s9n]4 ,!re=e aft] ! fir/ remission ( s91 :]eby ! s9n] is re/or$ to spiritual sight1 !re /ill rema9 9 him "s remnants ( 8 pa/ s94 ,i answ] t1 ,mortal s91 9 s f> z x turns inord9ately to a mutable good1 produces 9 ! s\l a c]ta9 disposition1 or ev5 a habit1 if ! acts be repeat$ frequ5tly4 ,n[ x has be5 said above 7,a4 #d7 t ! guilt ( mortal s9 is p>don$ ?r\gh grace remov+ ! av]sion ( ! m9d f ,god4 ,nev]!less :5 t :i* is on ! "p ( ! av]sion has be5 tak5 away by grace1 t :i* is on ! "p ( ! inord9ate turn+ to a mutable good c rema91 s9ce ?is may happ5 to be )\t ! o!r1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d74 ,consequ5tly1 !re is no reason :y1 aft] ! guilt has be5 =giv51 ! dispositions caus$ by prec$+ acts %\ld n rema91 :i* are call$ ! remnants ( s94 ,yet !y rema9 weak5$ & dim9i%$1 s z n to dom9e] ov] man1 & !y are aft] ! mann] ( dispositions r ?an ( habits1 l ! fomes :i* rema9s aft] ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,god heals ! :ole man p]fectly2 b sometimes sudd5ly1 z ,pet]'s "m-9-law 0 re/or$ at once to p]fect heal?1 s t ris+ %e m9i/]$ to !m 7,luke #d3ci71 & sometimes by degrees1 z we said above 7,q4 #dd1 ,a4 #c1 ad #b7 ab\t ! bl9d man :o 0 re/or$ to sight 7,matt4 #h74 ,& s too1 ,he sometimes turns ! he>t ( man ) su* p[]1 t x receives at once p]fect spiritual heal?1 n only ! guilt be+ p>don$1 b all remnants ( s9 be+ remov$ z 0 ! case ) ,magdal5 7,luke #g72 :]eas at o!r times ,he sometimes fir/ p>dons ! guilt by op]at+ grace1 & aft]w>ds1 by co-op]at+ grace1 removes ! remnants ( s9 by degrees4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,s9 too1 sometimes induces at once a weak disposition1 su* z is ! result ( "o act1 & sometimes a /rong] disposition1 ! result ( _m acts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,"o human act does n remove all ! remnants ( s91 because1 z /at$ 9 ! ,pr$icam5ts 7,categor4 viii7 a vici\s man by do+ good works w make b little progress s z to be any bett]1 b if he cont9ue 9 good practice1 he w end 9 be+ good z to acquir$ virtue4 ,b ,god's grace does ?is mu* m effectively1 :e!r by "o or by sev]al acts4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hf1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,=giv5ess ( ,guilt ,is an ,effect ( ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! =giv5ess ( guilt is n an effect ( p5ance z a virtue4 ,= p5ance is said to be a virtue1 9 s f> z x is a pr9ciple ( a human action4 ,b human action does no?+ t[>ds ! remission ( guilt1 s9ce ?is is an effect ( op]at+ grace4 ,!re=e ! =giv5ess ( guilt is n an effect ( p5ance z a virtue4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 c]ta9 o!r virtues are m excell5t ?an p5ance4 ,b ! =giv5ess ( s9 is n said to be ! effect ( any o!r virtue4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 is x ! effect ( p5ance z a virtue4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 !re is no =giv5ess ( s9 except ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 accord+ to ,heb4 #i3bb3 ,)\t %$d+ ( blood !re is no remission4 ,n[ ,p5ance1 z a sacram5t1 produces its effect ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ev5 z ! o!r sacram5ts d1 z 0 %[n above 7,q4 #fb1 ,,aa4 #d1 #e74 ,!re=e ! =giv5ess ( s9 is ! effect ( ,p5ance1 n z a virtue1 b z a sacram5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,prop]ly speak+1 ! cause ( a ?+ is t )\t :i* x _c be1 s9ce e defect dep5ds on its cause4 ,n[ =giv5ess ( s9 c come f ,god )\t ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 b n )\t ! virtue ( p5ance1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #e1 ad #c2 ,q4 #he1 ,a4 #b72 s t1 ev5 be=e ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law 7 in/itut$1 ,god p>don$ ! s9s ( ! p5it5t4 ,!re=e ! =giv5ess ( s9 is *iefly ! effect ( p5ance z a virtue4 ,i answ] t1 ,p5ance is a virtue 9 s f> z x is a pr9ciple ( c]ta9 human acts4 ,n[ ! human acts1 :i* are p]=m$ by ! s9n]1 are ! mat]ial elem5t 9 ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance4 ,moreov] e sacram5t produces its effect1 9 virtue n only ( its =m1 b also ( its matt]2 because bo? ^! toge!r make ! "o sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fj1 ,a4 #f1 ad #b1 ,a4 #g74 ,h5ce 9 ,baptism =giv5ess ( s9 is effect$1 9 virtue n only ( ! =m 7b also ( ! matt]1 viz4 wat]1 albeit *iefly 9 virtue ( ! =m7 99,! words 9 brackets are omitt$ 9 ! ,leon9e edition f :i* ! wat] receives its p[]--&1 simil>ly1 ! =giv5ess ( s9 is ! effect ( ,p5ance1 *iefly by ! p[] ( ! keys1 :i* is ve/$ 9 ! m9i/]s1 :o furni% ! =mal "p ( ! sacram5t1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #c71 & second>ily by ! in/rum5tality ( ^? acts ( ! p5it5t :i* p]ta9 to ! virtue ( p5ance1 b only 9 s f> z su* acts are1 9 "s way1 subord9ate to ! keys ( ! ,*ur*4 ,accord+ly x is evid5t t ! =giv5ess ( s9 is ! effect ( p5ance z a virtue1 b /ill m ( ,p5ance z a sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! effect ( op]at+ grace is ! ju/ification ( ! ungodly 7z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p1 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aac71 :]e9 !re is1 z 0 !re /at$ 7,,aa4 #a1 #b1 #c71 n only infusion ( grace & =giv5ess ( s91 b also a movem5t ( ! free-w t[>ds ,god1 :i* is an act ( fai? quick5$ by *>ity1 & a movem5t ( ! free-w aga9/ s91 :i* is ! act ( p5ance4 ,yet ^! human acts are !re z ! effects ( op]at+ grace1 & are produc$ at ! same "t z ! =giv5ess ( s94 ,consequ5tly ! =giv5ess ( s9 does n take place )\t an act ( ! virtue ( p5ance1 al?\gh x is ! effect ( op]at+ grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ! ju/ification ( ! ungodly !re is n only an act ( p5ance1 b also an act ( fai?1 z /at$ above 7ad #a3 ,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aac1 ,a4 #d74 ,:]e=e ! =giv5ess ( s9 is acc\nt$ ! effect n only ( ! virtue ( p5ance1 b also1 & t *iefly1 ( fai? & *>ity4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! act ( ! virtue ( p5ance is subord9ate to ,*ri/'s ,passion bo? by fai?1 & by its relation to ! keys ( ! ,*ur*2 & s1 9 bo? ways1 x causes ! =giv5ess ( s91 by ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,to ! argum5t advanc$ 9 ! contr>y s5se we reply t ! act ( ! virtue ( p5ance is necess>y = ! =giv5ess ( s91 ?r\gh be+ an insep>able effect ( grace1 :]eby *iefly is s9 p>don$1 & :i* produces its effect 9 all ! sacram5ts4 ,consequ5tly x only foll[s t grace is a high] cause ( ! =giv5ess ( s9 ?an ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be obs]v$ t1 "u ! ,old ,law & ! law ( nature1 !re 0 a sacram5t ( ,p5ance aft] a fa%ion1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #g1 ad #b74 ,,"q #hg ,,( ,,! ,,remission ,,( ,,v5ial ,,s9 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! =giv5ess ( v5ial s9s1 "u :i* head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r v5ial s9 c be =giv5 )\t ,p5ance8 7#b7 ,:e!r x c be =giv5 )\t ! infusion ( grace8 7#c7 ,:e!r v5ial s9s are =giv5 by ! spr9kl+ ( holy wat]1 a bi%op's bless+1 ! beat+ ( ! brea/1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ! l8 7#d7 ,:e!r a v5ial s9 c be tak5 away )\t a mortal s98 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hg1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,v5ial ,s9 ,c ,be ,=giv5 ,)\t ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t v5ial s9 c be =giv5 )\t p5ance4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #aj1 ad #d71 x is ess5tial to true p5ance t man %\ld n only sorr[ = 8 pa/ s9s1 b also t he %\ld purpose to avoid !m = ! future4 ,n[ v5ial s9s are =giv5 )\t any su* purpose1 = x is c]ta9 t man _c lead ! pres5t life )\t committ+ v5ial s9s4 ,!re=e v5ial s9s c be =giv5 )\t p5ance4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 !re is no p5ance )\t actual displeasure at "o's s9s4 ,b v5ial s9s c be tak5 away )\t any actual displeasure at !m1 z w\ld be ! case if a man 7 to be kill$ 9 8 sleep1 = ,*ri/'s sake1 s9ce he w\ld g to heav5 at once1 :i* w\ld n happ5 if 8 v5ial s9s rema9$4 ,!re=e v5ial s9s c be =giv5 )\t p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 v5ial s9s are contr>y to ! f]vor ( *>ity1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #aj74 ,n[ "o contr>y is remov$ by ano!r4 ,!re=e =giv5ess ( v5ial s9s is caus$ by ! f]vor ( *>ity1 :i* may be )\t actual displeasure at v5ial s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,de v]a et falsa ,po5it5tia1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unkn[n1 t !re is a p5ance :i* is done = v5ial s9s 9 ! ,*ur* e day :i* w\ld be useless if v5ial s9s c\ld be =giv5 )\t ,p5ance4 ,i answ] t1 ,=giv5ess ( s91 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hf1 ,a4 #b71 is effect$ by man be+ unit$ to ,god f ,:om s9 sep>ates him 9 "s way4 ,n[ ?is sep>ation is made complete by mortal s91 & incomplete by v5ial s93 because1 by mortal s91 ! m9d ?r\gh act+ aga9/ *>ity is altoge!r turn$ away f ,god2 :]eas by v5ial s9 man's affections are clogg$1 s t !y are sl[ 9 t5d+ t[>ds ,god4 ,consequ5tly bo? k9ds ( s9 are tak5 away by p5ance1 because by bo? ( !m man's w is disord]$ ?r\gh turn+ inord9ately to a creat$ good2 = j z mortal s9 _c be =giv5 s long z ! w is atta*$ to s91 s nei!r c v5ial s91 because :ile ! cause rema9s1 ! effect rema9s4 ,yet a m p]fect p5ance is requisite = ! =giv5ess ( mortal s91 namely t man %\ld dete/ actually ! mortal s9 :i* he committ$1 s f> z lies 9 8 p[]1 t is to say1 he %\ld endeavor to rememb] ea* s+le mortal s91 9 ord] to dete/ ea* "o4 ,b ?is is1 n requir$ = ! =giv5ess ( v5ial s9s2 al?\gh x does n suffice to h habitual displeasure1 :i* is includ$ 9 ! habit ( *>ity or ( p5ance z a virtue1 s9ce !n v5ial s9 w\ld be incompatible ) *>ity1 :i* is evid5tly untrue4 ,consequ5tly x is necess>y to h a c]ta9 virtual displeasure1 s t1 = in/ance1 a man's affections s t5d to ,god & ,div9e ?+s1 t :atev] might happ5 to him to hamp] t t5d5cy w\ld be displeas+ to him1 & w\ld grieve him1 7 he to commit x1 ev5 ?\gh he 7 n to ?9k ( x actually3 & ?is is n suffici5t = ! remission ( mortal s91 except z reg>ds ^? s9s :i* he fails to rememb] aft] a c>eful exam9ation4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,:5 man is 9 a /ate ( grace1 he c avoid all mortal s9s1 & ea* s+le "o2 & he c avoid ea* s+le v5ial s91 b n all1 z 0 expla9$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #gd1 ,a4 #h1 ad #b2 ,q4 #aji1 ,a4 #h74 ,consequ5tly p5ance = mortal s9s requires man to purpose ab/a9+ f mortal s9s1 all & ea*2 :]eas p5ance = v5ial s9s requires man to purpose ab/a9+ f ea*1 b n f all1 because ! weakness ( ?is life does n all[ ( ?is4 ,nev]!less he ne$s to h ! purpose ( tak+ /eps to commit few] v5ial s9s1 else he w\ld be 9 dang] ( fall+ back1 if he gave up ! desire ( go+ =w>d1 or ( remov+ ! ob/acles to spiritual progress1 su* z v5ial s9s are4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,dea? = ,*ri/'s sake1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #aa71 obta9s ! p[] ( ,baptism1 :]e=e x wa%es away all s91 bo? v5ial & mortal1 unless x f9d ! w atta*$ to s94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! f]vor ( *>ity implies virtual displeasure at v5ial s9s1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #gi1 ,a4 #d74 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hg1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,infusion ( ,grace ,is ,necess>y = ! ,remission ( ,v5ial ,s9s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t infusion ( grace is necess>y = ! remission ( v5ial s9s4 ,because an effect is n produc$ )\t its prop] cause4 ,n[ ! prop] cause ( ! remission ( s9s is grace2 = man's s9s are n =giv5 ?r\gh 8 own m]its2 :]e=e x is writt5 7,eph4 #b3d1 #e73 ,god1 ,:o is ri* 9 m]cy1 = ,8 exce$+ *>ity1 :]e) ,he lov$ u1 ev5 :5 we 7 dead 9 s9s1 ha? quick5$ u toge!r 9 ,*ri/1 by ,^: grace y are sav$4 ,!re=e v5ial s9s are n =giv5 )\t infusion ( grace4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 v5ial s9s are n =giv5 )\t ,p5ance4 ,n[ grace is infus$1 9 ,p5ance z 9 ! o!r sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law4 ,!re=e v5ial s9s are n =giv5 )\t infusion ( grace4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 v5ial s9 produces a /a9 on ! s\l4 ,n[ a /a9 is n remov$ save by grace :i* is ! spiritual beauty ( ! s\l4 ,!re=e x seems t v5ial s9s are n =giv5 )\t infusion ( grace4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! adv5t ( v5ial s9 nei!r de/roys nor dim9i%es grace1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #aj74 ,!re=e1 9 l mann]1 an infusion ( grace is n necess>y 9 ord] to remove v5ial s94 ,i answ] t1 ,ea* ?+ is remov$ by its contr>y4 ,b v5ial s9 is n contr>y to habitual grace or *>ity1 b hamp]s its act1 ?r\gh man be+ too mu* atta*$ to a creat$ good1 albeit n 9 opposition to ,god1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #hh1 ,a4 #a2 ,,ii-,,ii1 ,q4 #bd1 ,a4 #aj74 ,!re=e1 9 ord] t v5ial s9 be remov$1 x is n necess>y t habitual grace be infus$1 b a movem5t ( grace or *>ity suffices = its =giv5ess4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce 9 ^? :o h ! use ( free-w 79 :om alone c !re be v5ial s9s71 !re c be no infusion ( grace )\t an actual movem5t ( ! free-w t[>ds ,god & aga9/ s91 consequ5tly :5ev] grace is infus$ anew1 v5ial s9s are =giv54 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,ev5 ! =giv5ess ( v5ial s9s is an effect ( grace1 9 virtue ( ! act :i* grace produces anew1 b n ?r\gh any habit infus$ anew into ! s\l4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,v5ial s9 is nev] =giv5 )\t "s act1 explicit or implicit1 ( ! virtue ( p5ance1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a73 x c1 h[ev]1 be =giv5 )\t ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 :i* is =mally p]fect$ by ! prie/ly absolution1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hg1 ,a4 #b74 ,h5ce x does n foll[ t infusion ( grace is requir$ = ! =giv5ess ( v5ial s91 = al?\gh ?is infusion takes place 9 e sacram5t1 x does n occur 9 e act ( virtue4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,j z !re are two k9ds ( bodily /a91 "o consi/+ 9 ! privation ( some?+ requir$ = beauty1 e4g4 ! "r color or ! due proportion ( memb]s1 & ano!r by ! introduction ( "s h9drance to beauty1 e4g4 mud or du/2 s too1 a /a9 is put on ! s\l1 9 "o way1 by ! privation ( ! beauty ( grace ?r\gh mortal s91 9 ano!r1 by ! inord9ate incl9ation ( ! affections to "s temporal ?+1 & ?is is ! result ( v5ial s94 ,consequ5tly1 an infusion ( grace is necess>y = ! removal ( mortal s91 b 9 ord] to remove v5ial s91 x is necess>y to h a movem5t proce$+ f grace1 remov+ ! inord9ate atta*m5t to ! temporal ?+4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hg1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,v5ial ,s9s ,are ,remov$ by ! ,spr9kl+ ( ,holy ,wat] & ! ,l8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t v5ial s9s are n remov$ by ! spr9kl+ ( holy wat]1 a bi%op's bless+1 & ! l4 ,= v5ial s9s are n =giv5 )\t ,p5ance1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a74 ,b ,p5ance suffices by itself = ! remission ( v5ial s9s4 ,!re=e ! above h no?+ to d ) ! remission ( v5ial s9s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ea* ( ! above be>s ! same relation to "o v5ial s9 z to all4 ,if !re=e1 by means ( "o ( !m1 "s v5ial s9 is remitt$1 x foll[s t 9 l mann] all are remitt$1 s t by beat+ 8 brea/ once1 or by be+ spr9kl$ once ) holy wat]1 a man w\ld be deliv]$ f all 8 v5ial s9s1 :i* seems unreasonable4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 v5ial s9s occasion a debt ( "s puni%m5t1 albeit temporal2 = x is writt5 7#a ,cor4 #c3ab1 #ae7 ( him t builds up wood1 hay1 /ubble t he %all be sav$1 yet s z by fire4 ,n[ ! above ?+s :]eby v5ial s9s are said to be tak5 away1 conta9 ei!r no puni%m5t at all1 or v little4 ,!re=e !y d n suffice = ! full remission ( v5ial s9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,hom4 #cj int] #a2 ,ep4 cclxv t = our slight s9s we /rike our brea/s1 & say3 ,=give u our trespasses1 & s x seems t /rik+ "o's brea/1 & ! ,"l's ,pray] cause ! remission ( v5ial s9s3 & ! same seems to apply to ! o!r ?+s4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #b71 no infusion ( fre% grace is requir$ = ! =giv5ess ( a v5ial s91 b x is en\gh to h an act proce$+ f grace1 9 dete/ation ( t v5ial s91 ei!r explicit or at lea/ implicit1 z :5 "o is mov$ f]v5tly to ,god4 ,h5ce1 = ?ree reasons1 c]ta9 ?+s cause ! remission ( v5ial s9s3 fir/1 because !y imply ! infusion ( grace1 s9ce ! infusion ( grace removes v5ial s9s1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b72 & s1 by ! ,eu*>i/1 ,extreme ,unction1 & by all ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law )\t exception1 :]e9 grace is conf]r$1 v5ial s9s are remitt$4 ,secondly1 because !y imply a movem5t ( dete/ation = s91 & 9 ?is way ! g5]al confession 99i4e4 ! recital ( ! ,confiteor or ( an act ( contrition1 ! beat+ ( "o's brea/1 & ! ,"l's ,pray] conduce to ! remission ( v5ial s9s1 = we ask 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]3 ,=give u our trespasses4 ,?irdly1 because !y include a movem5t ( rev]5ce = ,god & ,div9e ?+s2 & 9 ?is way a bi%op's bless+1 ! spr9kl+ ( holy wat]1 any sacram5tal ano9t+1 a pray] said 9 a d$icat$ *ur*1 & any?+ else ( ! k9d1 conduce to ! remission ( v5ial s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,all ^! ?+s cause ! remission ( v5ial s9s1 9 s f> z !y incl9e ! s\l to ! movem5t ( p5ance1 viz41 ! implicit or explicit dete/ation ( "o's s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,all ^! ?+s1 s f> z !y are conc]n$1 conduce to ! remission ( all v5ial s9s3 b ! remission may be h9d]$ z reg>ds c]ta9 v5ial s9s1 to :i* ! m9d is /ill actually atta*$1 ev5 z ins9c]ity sometimes imp$es ! effect ( ,baptism4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,by ! above ?+s1 v5ial s9s are inde$ tak5 away z reg>ds ! guilt1 bo? because ^? ?+s are a k9d ( satisfaction1 & ?r\gh ! virtue ( *>ity ^: movem5t is ar\s$ by su* ?+s4 ,yet x does n always happ5 t1 by means ( ea* "o1 ! :ole guilt ( puni%m5t is tak5 away1 because1 9 t case1 :oev] 0 entirely free f mortal s91 w\ld g /raight to heav5 if spr9kl$ ) holy wat]3 b ! debt ( puni%m5t is remitt$ by means ( ! above1 accord+ to ! movem5t ( f]vor t[>ds ,god1 :i* f]vor is ar\s$ by su* ?+s1 sometimes m1 sometimes less4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hg1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,v5ial ,s9 ,c ,be ,tak5 ,away ,)\t ,mortal ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t v5ial s9 c be tak5 away )\t mortal s94 ,=1 on ,john #h3g3 ,he t is )\t s9 among y1 let him fir/ ca/ a /one at h]1 a gloss says t all ^? m5 7 9 a /ate ( mortal s93 = v5ial (f5ses 7 =giv5 !m ?r\gh ! legal c]emonies4 ,!re=e v5ial s9 c be tak5 away )\t mortal s94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no infusion ( grace is requir$ = ! remission ( v5ial s91 b x is requir$ = ! =giv5ess ( mortal s94 ,!re=e v5ial s9 c be tak5 away )\t mortal s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a v5ial s9 diff]s f a mortal s9 m ?an f ano!r v5ial s94 ,b "o v5ial s9 c be p>don$ )\t ano!r1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #c1 ad #b2 ,q4 #hg1 ,a4 #c74 ,!re=e a v5ial s9 c be tak5 away )\t a mortal s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,matt4 #e3bf73 ,am5 ,i say to !e1 ?\ %alt n g out f !nce1 viz41 f ! prison1 into :i* a man is ca/ = mortal s91 till ?\ repay ! la/ f>?+1 by :i* v5ial s9 is d5ot$4 ,!re=e a v5ial s9 is n =giv5 )\t mortal s94 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #hg1 ,a4 #c71 !re is no remission ( any s9 :atev] except by ! p[] ( grace1 because1 z ! ,apo/le decl>es 7,rom4 #d3h71 x is ow+ to ,god's grace t ,he does n impute s9 to a man1 :i* a gloss on t passage exp\nds z ref]r+ to v5ial s94 ,n[ he t is 9 a /ate ( mortal s9 is )\t ! grace ( ,god4 ,!re=e no v5ial s9 is =giv5 him4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,v5ial (f5ses1 9 ! passage quot$1 d5ote ! irregul>ities or uncleannesses :i* m5 contract$ 9 accordance ) ! ,law4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,al?\gh no new infusion ( habitual grace is requisite = ! remission ( v5ial s91 yet x is necess>y to ex]cise "s act ( grace1 :i* _c be 9 "o :o is a subject ( mortal s94 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,v5ial s9 does n preclude e act ( grace :]eby all v5ial s9s c be remov$2 :]eas mortal s9 excludes altoge!r ! habit ( grace1 )\t :i* no s91 ei!r mortal or v5ial1 is remitt$4 ,h5ce ! comp>ison fails4 ,,"q #hh ,,( ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,s9s ,,:i* ,,h ,,be5 ,,tak5 ,,away ,,by ,,p5ance 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! return ( s9s :i* h be5 tak5 away by ,p5ance3 "u :i* head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r s9s :i* h be5 tak5 away by ,p5ance return simply ?r\gh a subsequ5t s98 7#b7 ,:e!r m specially z reg>ds c]ta9 s9s !y return1 9 a way1 on acc\nt ( +ratitude8 7#c7 ,:e!r ! debt ( puni%m5t rema9s ! same = s9s ?us return$8 7#d7 ,:e!r ?is +ratitude1 on acc\nt ( :i* s9s return1 is a special s98 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hh1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,s9s ,once ,=giv5 ,return ,?r\gh a ,subsequ5t ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t s9s once =giv5 return ?r\gh a subsequ5t s94 ,= ,augu/9e says 7,de ,bapt4 contra ,donat4 i1 #ab73 ,our ,"l tea*es mo/ explicitly 9 ! ,gospel t s9s :i* h be5 =giv5 return1 :5 frat]nal *>ity ceases1 9 ! example ( ! s]vant f :om 8 ma/] exact$ ! paym5t ( ! debt already =giv51 because he _h refus$ to =give ! debt ( 8 fell[-s]vant4 ,n[ frat]nal *>ity is de/roy$ ?r\gh ea* mortal s94 ,!re=e s9s already tak5 away ?r\gh ,p5ance1 return ?r\gh ea* subsequ5t mortal s94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 on ,luke #aa3bd1 ,i w return into my h\se1 :5ce ,i came out1 ,b$e says3 ,?is v]se %\ld make u tremble1 we %\ld n endeavor to expla9 x away le/ ?r\gh c>elessness we give place to ! s9 :i* we ?\ght to h be5 tak5 away1 & become its slave once m4 ,n[ ?is w\ld n be s unless x return$4 ,!re=e a s9 returns aft] once be+ tak5 away by ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! ,"l said 7,eze*4 #ah3bd73 ,if ! j man turn himself away f 8 ju/ice1 & d iniquity 4 4 4 all 8 ju/ices :i* he ha? done1 %all n be rememb]$4 ,n[ among ! o!r ju/ices :i* he _h done1 is also 8 previ\s p5ance1 s9ce x 0 said above 7,q4 #he1 ,a4 #c7 t p5ance is a "p ( ju/ice4 ,!re=e :5 "o :o has done p5ance1 s9s1 8 previ\s p5ance1 :]eby he receiv$ =giv5ess ( 8 s9s1 is n imput$ to him4 ,!re=e 8 s9s return4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 pa/ s9s are cov]$ by grace1 z ! ,apo/le decl>es 7,rom4 #d3g7 :]e he quotes ,ps4 #ca3a3 ,bless$ are !y ^: iniquities are =giv51 & ^: s9s are cov]$4 ,b a subsequ5t mortal s9 takes away grace4 ,!re=e ! s9s committ$ previ\sly1 become uncov]$3 & s1 seem+ly1 !y return4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #aa3bi73 ,! gifts & ! call+ ( ,god are )\t rep5tance4 ,n[ ! p5it5t's s9s are tak5 away by a gift ( ,god4 ,!re=e ! s9s :i* h be5 tak5 away d n return ?r\gh a subsequ5t s91 z ?\gh ,god rep5t$ ,8 gift ( =giv5ess4 ,moreov]1 ,augu/9e says 7,lib4 ,resp4 ,prosp]i i 99,cf4 ,prosp]1 ,responsiones ad ,capitula ,gallorum ii73 ,:5 he t turns away f ,*ri/1 comes to ! end ( ?is life a /rang] to grace1 :i!r does he g1 except to p]dition8 ,yet he does n fall back into t :i* _h be5 =giv51 nor w he be condemn$ = orig9al s94 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #hf1 ,a4 #d71 mortal s9 conta9s two ?+s1 av]sion f ,god & adh]5ce to a creat$ good4 ,n[1 9 mortal s91 :atev] atta*es to ! av]sion1 is1 consid]$ 9 itself1 common to all mortal s9s1 s9ce man turns away f ,god by e mortal s91 s t1 9 consequ5ce1 ! /a9 result+ f ! privation ( grace1 & ! debt ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t are common to all mortal s9s4 ,?is is :at is meant by :at is writt5 7,james #b3aj73 ,:osoev] 4 4 4 %all (f5d 9 "o po9t1 is become guilty ( all4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z reg>ds _! adh]5ce !y are diff]5t f1 & sometimes contr>y to "o ano!r4 ,h5ce x is evid5t1 t on ! "p ( ! adh]5ce1 a subsequ5t mortal s9 does n cause ! return ( mortal s9s previ\sly dispell$1 else x w\ld foll[ t by a s9 ( wa/efulness a man w\ld be br\ght back to ! habit or disposition ( av>ice previ\sly dispell$1 s t "o contr>y w\ld be ! cause ( ano!r1 :i* is impossible4 ,b if 9 mortal s9s we consid] t :i* atta*es to ! av]sion absolutely1 !n a subsequ5t mortal s9 causes ! return ( t :i* 0 compris$ 9 ! mortal s9s be=e !y 7 p>don$1 9 s f> z ! subsequ5t mortal s9 99,! words 9 brackets are omitt$ 9 ! ,leon9e edition4 deprives man ( grace1 & makes him des]v+ ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 j z he 0 be=e4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce ! av]sion ( mortal s9 is 9 a way1 caus$ by ! adh]5ce1 ^? ?+s :i* atta* to ! av]sion are99 div]sifi$ some:at 9 relation to v>i\s adh]5ces1 z x 7 to v>i\s causes1 s t !re w be a diff]5t av]sion1 a diff]5t /a91 a diff]5t debt ( puni%m5t1 accord+ to ! diff]5t acts ( mortal s9 f :i* !y arise2 h5ce ! "q is mov$ :e!r ! /a9 & ! debt ( et]nal puni%m5t1 z caus$ by acts ( s9s previ\sly p>don$1 return ?r\gh a subsequ5t mortal s94 ,accord+ly "s h ma9ta9$ t !y return simply ev5 9 ?is way4 ,b ?is is impossible1 because :at ,god has done _c be undone by ! "w ( man4 ,n[ ! p>don ( ! previ\s s9s 0 a "w ( ,div9e m]cy1 s t x _c be undone by man's subsequ5t s91 accord+ to ,rom4 #c3c3 ,%all _! unbelief make ! fai? ( ,god )\t effect8 ,:]e=e o!rs :o ma9ta9$ ! possibility ( s9s return+1 said t ,god p>dons ! s9s ( a p5it5t :o w aft]w>ds s9 aga91 n accord+ to ,8 =ekn[l$ge1 b only accord+ to ,8 pres5t ju/ice3 s9ce ,he =esees t ,he w puni% su* a man et]nally = 8 s9s1 & yet1 by ,8 grace1 ,he makes him righte\s = ! pres5t4 ,b ?is _c /&3 because if a cause be plac$ absolutely1 its effect is plac$ absolutely2 s t if ! remission ( s9s 7 effect$ by grace & ! sacram5ts ( grace1 n absolutely b "u "s condition dep5d5t on "s future ev5t1 x w\ld foll[ t grace & ! sacram5ts ( grace are n ! suffici5t causes ( ! remission ( s9s1 :i* is errone\s1 z be+ d]ogatory to ,god's grace4 ,consequ5tly x is 9 no way possible = ! /a9 ( pa/ s9s & ! debt ( puni%m5t incurr$ !reby1 to return1 z caus$ by ^? acts4 ,yet x may happ5 t a subsequ5t s9ful act virtually conta9s ! debt ( puni%m5t due to ! previ\s s91 9 s f> z :5 a man s9s a second "t1 = ?is v reason he seems to s9 m griev\sly ?an be=e1 z /at$ 9 ,rom4 #b3e3 ,accord+ to ?y h>dness & imp5it5t he>t1 ?\ treasure/ up to ?yself wra? aga9/ ! day ( wra?1 f ! m]e fact1 namely1 t ,god's goodness1 :i* waits = u to rep5t1 is despis$4 ,& s mu* ! m is ,god's goodness despis$1 if ! fir/ s9 is committ$ a second "t aft] hav+ be5 =giv51 z x is a great] favor = ! s9 to be =giv5 ?an = ! s9n] to be endur$4 ,accord+ly ! s9 :i* foll[s rep5tance br+s back1 9 a s5se1 ! debt ( puni%m5t due to ! s9s previ\sly =giv51 n z caus$ by ^? s9s already =giv5 b z caus$ by ?is la/ s9 be+ committ$1 on acc\nt ( its be+ aggravat$ 9 view ( ^? previ\s s9s4 ,?is means t ^? s9s return1 n simply1 b 9 a re/rict$ s5se1 viz41 9 s f> z !y are virtually conta9$ 9 ! subsequ5t s94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is say+ ( ,augu/9e seems to ref] to ! return ( s9s z to ! debt ( et]nal puni%m5t consid]$ 9 itself1 namely1 t he :o s9s aft] do+ p5ance incurs a debt ( et]nal puni%m5t1 j z be=e1 b n altoge!r = ! same reason4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e1 aft] say+ 7,lib4 ,resp4 ,prosp]i i 99,cf4 ,prosp]1 ,responsiones ad ,capitula ,gallorum ii7 t he does n fall back into t :i* 0 =giv51 nor w he be condemn$ = orig9al s91 adds3 ,nev]!less1 = ^! la/ s9s he w be condemn$ to ! same dea?1 :i* he des]v$ to suff] = ! =m]1 because he incurs ! puni%m5t ( et]nal dea? :i* he des]v$ = 8 previ\s s9s4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,by ^! words ,b$e means t ! guilt already =giv5 enslaves man1 n by ! return ( 8 =m] debt ( puni%m5t1 b by ! repetition ( 8 act4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,! effect ( a subsequ5t s9 is t ! =m] ju/ices are n rememb]$1 9 s f> z !y 7 des]v+ ( et]nal life1 b n 9 s f> z !y 7 a h9drance to s94 ,consequ5tly if a man s9s mortally aft] mak+ re/itution1 he does n become guilty z ?\gh he _h n paid back :at he ow$2 & mu* less is p5ance previ\sly done =gott5 z to ! p>don ( ! guilt1 s9ce ?is is ! "w ( ,god r ?an ( man4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,grace removes ! /a9 & ! debt ( et]nal puni%m5t simply2 b x cov]s ! pa/ s9ful acts1 le/1 on _! acc\nt1 ,god deprive man ( grace1 & judge him des]v+ ( et]nal puni%m5t2 & :at grace has once done1 endures = ev]4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hh1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,s9s ,t ,h ,be5 ,=giv51 ,return ,?r\gh ,+ratitude ,:i* ,is ,%[n ,especially 9 ,f\r ,k9ds ( ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t s9s d n return ?r\gh +ratitude1 :i* is %[n especially 9 f\r k9ds ( s91 viz41 hatr$ ( "o's neighbor1 apo/asy f fai?1 contempt ( confession & regret = pa/ rep5tance1 & :i* h be5 express$ 9 ! foll[+ v]se3 ,fratres odit1 apo/ata fit1 sp]nitque1 fat]i1 ,po5ituisse piget1 pri/9a culpa r$it4 ,= ! m griev\s ! s9 committ$ aga9/ ,god aft] "o has receiv$ ! grace ( p>don1 ! great] ! +ratitude4 ,b !re are s9s m griev\s ?an ^!1 su* z blasphemy aga9/ ,god1 & ! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re=e x seems t s9s already p>don$ d n return ?r\gh +ratitude z manife/$ 9 ^! s9s1 any m ?an z %[n 9 o!r s9s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,rabanus says3 ,god deliv]$ ! wick$ s]vant to ! tortur]s1 until he %\ld pay ! :ole debt1 because a man w be deem$ puni%able n only = ! s9s he commits aft] ,baptism1 b also = orig9al s9 :i* 0 tak5 away :5 he 0 baptiz$4 ,n[ v5ial s9s are reckon$ among our debts1 s9ce we pray 9 _! reg>d3 ,=give u our trespasses 7debita74 ,!re=e !y too return ?r\gh +ratitude2 &1 9 l mann] seem+ly1 s9s already p>don$ return ?r\gh v5ial s9s1 & n only ?r\gh ^? s9s m5tion$ above4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 +ratitude is all ! great]1 accord+ z "o s9s aft] receiv+ a great] favor4 ,n[ innoc5ce :]eby "o avoids s9 is a ,div9e favor1 = ,augu/9e says 7,confess4 ii73 ,:atev] s9s ,i h avoid$ committ+1 ,i owe x to ,?y grace4 ,n[ innoc5ce is a great] gift1 ?an ev5 ! =giv5ess ( all s9s4 ,!re=e ! fir/ s9 committ$ aft] innoc5ce is no less an +ratitude to ,god1 ?an a s9 committ$ aft] rep5tance1 s t seem+ly +ratitude 9 respect ( ! a=esaid s9s is n ! *ief cause ( s9s return+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,gregory says 7,moral4 xviii 99,cf4 ,dial4 iv73 ,x is evid5t f ! words ( ! ,gospel t if we d n =give f our he>ts ! (f5ses committ$ aga9/ u1 we become once m acc\ntable = :at we rejoic$ 9 z =giv5 ?r\gh ,p5ance3 s t +ratitude impli$ 9 ! hatr$ ( "o's bro!r is a special cause ( ! return ( s9s already =giv53 & ! same seems to apply to ! o!rs4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 s9s p>don$ ?r\gh ,p5ance are said to return1 9 s f> z _! debt ( puni%m5t1 by reason ( +ratitude1 is virtually conta9$ 9 ! subsequ5t s94 ,n[ "o may be guilty ( +ratitude 9 two ways3 fir/ by do+ some?+ aga9/ ! favor receiv$1 &1 9 ?is way1 man is ungrateful to ,god 9 e mortal s9 :]eby he (f5ds ,god ,:o =gave 8 s9s1 s t by e subsequ5t mortal s91 ! s9s previ\sly p>don$ return1 on acc\nt ( ! +ratitude4 ,secondly1 "o is guilty ( +ratitude1 by do+ some?+ n only aga9/ ! favor itself1 b also aga9/ ! =m ( ! favor receiv$4 ,if ?is =m be consid]$ on ! "p ( ! b5efactor1 x is ! remission ( some?+ due to him2 :]e=e he :o does n =give 8 bro!r :5 he asks p>don1 & p]si/s 9 8 hatr$1 acts aga9/ ?is =m4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?is =m be tak5 9 reg>d to ! p5it5t :o receives ?is favor1 we f9d on 8 "p a tw(old movem5t ( ! free-w4 ,! fir/ is ! movem5t ( ! free-w t[>ds ,god1 & is an act ( fai? quick5$ by *>ity2 & aga9/ ?is a man acts by apo/atiz+ f ! fai?4 ,! second is a movem5t ( ! free-w aga9/ s91 & is ! act ( p5ance4 ,?is act consi/s fir/1 z we h /at$ above 7,q4 #he1 ,,aa4 #b1 #e7 9 man's dete/ation ( 8 pa/ s9s2 & aga9/ ?is a man acts :5 he regrets hav+ done p5ance4 ,secondly1 ! act ( p5ance consi/s 9 ! p5it5t purpos+ to subject himself to ! keys ( ! ,*ur* by confession1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ca3e3 ,i said3 ,i w confess aga9/ myself my inju/ice to ! ,"l3 & ,?\ ha/ =giv5 ! wick$ness ( my s93 & aga9/ ?is a man acts :5 he scorns to confess z he _h purpos$ to d4 ,accord+ly x is said t ! +ratitude ( s9n]s is a special cause ( ! return ( s9s previ\sly =giv54 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,?is is n said ( ^! s9s z ?\gh !y 7 m griev\s ?an o!rs1 b because !y are m directly oppos$ to ! favor ( ! =giv5ess ( s94 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,ev5 v5ial s9s & orig9al s9 return 9 ! way expla9$ above1 j z mortal s9s d1 9 s f> z ! favor conf]r$ by ,god 9 =giv+ ^? s9s is despis$4 ,a man does n1 h[ev]1 incur +ratitude by committ+ a v5ial s91 because by s9n+ v5ially man does n act aga9/ ,god1 b ap>t f ,him1 :]e=e v5ial s9s n[ise cause ! return ( s9s already =giv54 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,a favor c be weigh$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/ by ! quantity ( ! favor itself1 & 9 ?is way innoc5ce is a great] favor f ,god ?an p5ance1 :i* is call$ ! second plank aft] %ipwreck 7cf4 ,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #f74 ,secondly1 a favor may be weigh$ ) reg>d to ! recipi5t1 :o is less wor?y1 :]e=e a great] favor is be/[$ on him1 s t he is ! m ungrateful if he scorns x4 ,9 ?is way ! favor ( ! p>don ( s9s is great] :5 be/[$ on "o :o is altoge!r unwor?y1 s t ! +ratitude :i* foll[s is all ! great]4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hh1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ! ,debt ( ,puni%m5t ,t ,arises ,?r\gh ,+ratitude 9 ,respect ( a ,subsequ5t ,s9 ,is ,z ,great ,z ,t ( ! ,s9s ,previ\sly ,p>don$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! debt ( puni%m5t aris+ ?r\gh +ratitude 9 respect ( a subsequ5t s9 is z great z t ( ! s9s previ\sly p>don$4 ,because ! greatness ( ! favor ( ! p>don ( s9s is accord+ to ! greatness ( ! s9 p>don$1 & s too1 9 consequ5ce1 is ! greatness ( ! +ratitude :]eby ?is favor is scorn$4 ,b ! greatness ( ! consequ5t debt ( puni%m5t is 9 accord ) ! greatness ( ! +ratitude4 ,!re=e ! debt ( puni%m5t aris+ ?r\gh +ratitude 9 respect ( a subsequ5t s9 is z great z ! debt ( puni%m5t due = all ! previ\s s9s4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 x is a great] s9 to (f5d ,god ?an to (f5d man4 ,b a slave :o is fre$ by 8 ma/] returns to ! same /ate ( slav]y f :i* he 0 fre$1 or ev5 to a worse /ate4 ,mu* m !re=e he t s9s aga9/ ,god aft] be+ fre$ f s91 returns to ! debt ( z great a puni%m5t z he _h incurr$ be=e4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 x is writt5 7,matt4 #ah3cd7 t 8 "l be+ angry1 deliv]$ him 7^: s9s return$ to him on acc\nt ( 8 +ratitude7 to ! tortur]s1 until he paid all ! debt4 ,b ?is w\ld n be s unless ! debt ( puni%m5t incurr$ ?r\gh +ratitude 7 z great z t incurr$ ?r\gh all previ\s s9s4 ,!re=e an equal debt ( puni%m5t returns ?r\gh +ratitude4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,deut4 #be3b73 ,accord+ to ! measure ( ! s9 %all ! measure also ( ! /ripes be1 :5ce x is evid5t t a great debt ( puni%m5t does n arise f a slight s94 ,b sometimes a subsequ5t mortal s9 is mu* less griev\s ?an any "o ( ^? previ\sly p>don$4 ,!re=e ! debt ( puni%m5t incurr$ ?r\gh subsequ5t s9s is n equal to t ( s9s previ\sly =giv54 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h ma9ta9$ t ! debt ( puni%m5t incurr$ ?r\gh +ratitude 9 respect ( a subsequ5t s9 is equal to t ( ! s9s previ\sly p>don$1 9 addition to ! debt prop] to ?is subsequ5t s94 ,b !re is no ne$ = ?is1 because1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 ! debt ( puni%m5t incurr$ by previ\s s9s does n return on acc\nt ( a subsequ5t s91 z result+ f ! acts ( ! subsequ5t s94 ,:]e=e ! am\nt ( ! debt t returns mu/ be accord+ to ! gravity ( ! subsequ5t s94 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 = ! gravity ( ! subsequ5t s9 to equal ! gravity ( all previ\s s9s4 ,b x ne$ n always be s1 :e!r we speak ( ! gravity :i* a s9 has f its species 7s9ce ! subsequ5t s9 may be "o ( simple =nication1 :ile ! previ\s s9s 7 adult]ies1 murd]s1 or sacrileges72 or ( ! gravity :i* x incurs ?r\gh ! +ratitude connect$ ) x4 ,= x is n necess>y t ! measure ( +ratitude %\ld be exactly equal to ! measure ( ! favor receiv$1 :i* latt] is measur$ accord+ to ! greatness ( ! s9s previ\sly p>don$4 ,because x may happ5 t 9 respect ( ! same favor1 "o man is v ungrateful1 ei!r on acc\nt ( ! int5sity ( 8 scorn = ! favor receiv$1 or on acc\nt ( ! gravity ( ! (f5se committ$ aga9/ ! b5efactor1 :ile ano!r man is slightly ungrateful1 ei!r because 8 scorn is less int5se1 or because 8 (f5se aga9/ ! b5efactor is less grave4 ,b ! measure ( +ratitude is proportionately equal to ! measure ( ! favor receiv$3 = suppos+ an equal contempt ( ! favor1 or an equal (f5se aga9/ ! b5efactor1 ! +ratitude w be s mu* ! great]1 z ! favor receiv$ is great]4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t ! debt ( puni%m5t incurr$ by a subsequ5t s9 ne$ n always be equal to t ( previ\s s9s2 b x mu/ be 9 proportion !reto1 s t ! m num]\s or ! great] ! s9s previ\sly p>don$1 ! great] mu/ be ! debt ( puni%m5t incurr$ by any subsequ5t mortal s9 :atev]4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! favor ( ! p>don ( s9s takes its absolute quantity f ! quantity ( ! s9s previ\sly p>don$3 b ! s9 ( +ratitude does n take its absolute quantity f ! measure ( ! favor be/[$1 b f ! measure ( ! contempt or ( ! (f5se1 z /at$ above3 & s ! objection does n prove4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,a slave :o has be5 giv5 8 fre$om is n br\ght back to 8 previ\s /ate ( slav]y = any k9d ( +ratitude1 b only :5 ?is is grave4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,he ^: =giv5 s9s return to him on acc\nt ( subsequ5t +ratitude1 incurs ! debt = all1 9 s f> z ! measure ( 8 previ\s s9s is conta9$ proportionally 9 8 subsequ5t +ratitude1 b n absolutely1 z /at$ above4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hh1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ! ,+ratitude ,:]eby a ,subsequ5t ,s9 ,causes ! ,return ( ,previ\s ,s9s1 ,is a ,special ,s98 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! +ratitude1 :]eby a subsequ5t s9 causes ! return ( s9s previ\sly =giv51 is a special s94 ,= ! giv+ ( ?anks belongs to c\nt]passion :i* is a necess>y condition ( ju/ice1 z ! ,philosoph] %[s 7,e?ic4 v1 #e74 ,b ju/ice is a special virtue4 ,!re=e ?is +ratitude is a special s94 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,tully says 7,de ,inv4 ,rhet4 ii7 t ?anksgiv+ is a special virtue4 ,b +ratitude is oppos$ to ?anksgiv+4 ,!re=e +ratitude is a special s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a special effect proce$s f a special cause4 ,n[ +ratitude has a special effect1 viz4 ! return1 aft] a fa%ion1 ( s9s already =giv54 ,!re=e +ratitude is a special s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,t :i* is a sequel to e s9 is n a special s94 ,n[ by any mortal s9 :atev]1 a man becomes ungrateful to ,god1 z evid5c$ f :at has be5 said 7,a4 #a74 ,!re=e +ratitude is n a special s94 ,i answ] t1 ,! +ratitude ( ! s9n] is sometimes a special s92 & sometimes x is n1 b a circum/ance aris+ f all mortal s9s 9 common committ$ aga9/ ,god4 ,= a s9 takes its species accord+ to ! s9n]'s int5tion1 :]e=e ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 v1 #b7 t he :o commits adult]y 9 ord] to /eal is a ?ief r ?an an adult]]4 ,if1 !re=e1 a s9n] commits a s9 9 contempt ( ,god & ( ! favor receiv$ f ,him1 t s9 is drawn to ! species ( +ratitude1 & 9 ?is way a s9n]'s +ratitude is a special s94 ,if1 h[ev]1 a man1 :ile int5d+ to commit a s91 e4g4 murd] or adult]y1 is n )held f x on acc\nt ( its imply+ contempt ( ,god1 8 +ratitude w n be a special s91 b w be drawn to ! species ( ! o!r s91 z a circum/ance !re(4 ,&1 z ,augu/9e obs]ves 7,de ,nat4 et ,grat4 xxix71 n e s9 implies contempt ( ,god 9 ,8 comm&m5ts4 ,!re=e x is evid5t t ! s9n]'s +ratitude is sometimes a special s91 sometimes n4 ,?is suffices = ! ,replies to ! ,objections3 = ! fir/ 7?ree7 objections prove t +ratitude is 9 itself a special s92 :ile ! la/ objection proves t +ratitude1 z includ$ 9 e s91 is n a special s94 ,,"q #hi ,,( ,,! ,,recov]y ,,( ,,virtue ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,p5ance 7,9 ,six ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! recov]y ( virtues by means ( ,p5ance1 "u :i* head !re are six po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r virtues are re/or$ ?r\gh ,p5ance8 7#b7 ,:e!r !y are re/or$ 9 equal measure8 7#c7 ,:e!r equal dignity is re/or$ to ! p5it5t8 7#d7 ,:e!r works ( virtue are dead5$ by subsequ5t s98 7#e7 ,:e!r works dead5$ by s9 revive ?r\gh ,p5ance8 7#f7 ,:e!r dead works1 i4e4 works t are done )\t *>ity1 are quick5$ by ,p5ance8 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hi1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ! ,virtues ,are ,re/or$ ,?r\gh ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! virtues are n re/or$ ?r\gh p5ance4 ,because lo/ virtue _c be re/or$ by p5ance1 unless p5ance be ! cause ( virtue4 ,b1 s9ce p5ance is itself a virtue1 x _c be ! cause ( all ! virtues1 & all ! m1 s9ce "s virtues naturally prec$e p5ance1 viz41 fai?1 hope1 & *>ity1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #he1 ,a4 #f74 ,!re=e ! virtues are n re/or$ ?r\gh p5ance4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,p5ance consi/s 9 c]ta9 acts ( ! p5it5t4 ,b ! gratuit\s virtues are n caus$ ?r\gh any act ( ours3 = ,augu/9e says 7,de ,lib4 ,arb4 ii1 #ah3 ,9 ,ps4 #aah7 t ,god =ms ! virtues 9 u )\t u4 ,!re=e x seems t ! virtues are n re/or$ ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 he t has virtue p]=ms works ( virtue ) ease & pleasure3 :]e=e ! ,philosoph] says 7,e?ic4 i1 #h7 t a man is n j if he does n rejoice 9 j de$s4 ,n[ _m p5it5ts f9d difficulty 9 p]=m+ de$s ( virtue4 ,!re=e ! virtues are n re/or$ ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,we read 7,luke #ae3bb7 t ! fa!r comm&$ 8 p5it5t son to be clo!d 9 ! fir/ robe1 :i*1 accord+ to ,ambrose 7,expos4 9 ,luc4 vii71 is ! mantle ( wisdom1 f :i* all ! virtues fl[ toge!r1 accord+ to ,wis4 #h3g3 ,%e tea*e? temp]ance1 & prud5ce1 & ju/ice1 & =titude1 :i* are su* ?+s z m5 c h no?+ m pr(itable 9 life4 ,!re=e all ! virtues are re/or$ ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,i answ] t1 ,s9s are p>don$ ?r\gh ,p5ance1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hf1 ,a4 #a74 ,b !re c be no remission ( s9s except ?r\gh ! infusion ( grace4 ,:]e=e x foll[s t grace is infus$ into man ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,n[ all ! gratuit\s virtues fl[ f grace1 ev5 z all ! p[]s result f ! ess5ce ( ! s\l2 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aaj1 ,a4 #d1 ad #a74 ,!re=e all ! virtues are re/or$ ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,p5ance re/ores ! virtues 9 ! same way z x causes grace1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hf1 ,a4 #a74 ,n[ x is a cause ( grace1 9 s f> z x is a sacram5t1 because1 9 s f> z x is a virtue1 x is r an effect ( grace4 ,consequ5tly x does n foll[ t p5ance1 z a virtue1 ne$s to be ! cause ( all ! o!r virtues1 b t ! habit ( p5ance toge!r ) ! habits ( ! o!r virtues is caus$ ?r\gh ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance human acts /& z matt]1 :ile ! =mal p[] ( ?is sacram5t is d]iv$ f ! p[] ( ! keys4 ,consequ5tly ! p[] ( ! keys causes grace & virtue effectively inde$1 b in/rum5tally2 & ! fir/ act ( ! p5it5t1 viz41 contrition1 /&s z ultimate disposition to ! reception ( grace1 :ile ! subsequ5t acts ( ,p5ance proce$ f ! grace & virtues :i* are already !re4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #hf1 ,a4 #e71 sometimes aft] ! fir/ act ( ,p5ance1 :i* is contrition1 c]ta9 remnants ( s9 rema91 viz4 dispositions caus$ by previ\s acts1 ! result be+ t ! p5it5t f9ds difficulty 9 do+ de$s ( virtue4 ,nev]!less1 s f> z ! incl9ation itself ( *>ity & ( ! o!r virtues is conc]n$1 ! p5it5t p]=ms works ( virtue ) pleasure & ease1 ev5 z a virtu\s man may accid5tally f9d x h>d to d an act ( virtue1 on acc\nt ( sleep9ess or "s indisposition ( ! body4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hi1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r1 ,aft] ,p5ance1 ,man ,rises ,aga9 to ,equal ,virtue8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t1 aft] ,p5ance1 man rises aga9 to equal virtue4 ,= ! ,apo/le says 7,rom4 #h3bh73 ,to !m t love ,god all ?+s "w toge!r unto good1 :]eupon a gloss ( ,augu/9e says t ?is is s true t1 if any su* man goes a/ray & w&]s f ! pa?1 ,god makes ev5 ?is conduce to 8 good4 ,b ?is w\ld n be true if he rose aga9 to less] virtue4 ,!re=e x seems t a p5it5t nev] rises aga9 to less] virtue4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,ambrose says 99,cf4 ,hypogno/icon iii1 an anonym\s "w falsely ascrib$ to ,/4 ,augu/9e t ,p5ance is a v good ?+1 = x re/ores e defect to a /ate ( p]fection4 ,b ?is w\ld n be true unless virtues 7 recov]$ 9 equal measure4 ,!re=e equal virtue is always recov]$ ?r\gh ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 on ,g54 #a3e3 ,!re 0 ev5+ & morn+1 "o day1 a gloss says3 ,! ev5+ light is t f :i* we fall2 ! morn+ light is t to :i* we rise aga94 ,n[ ! morn+ light is great] ?an ! ev5+ light4 ,!re=e a man rises to great] grace or *>ity ?an t :i* he _h be=e2 :i* is confirm$ by ! ,apo/le's words 7,rom4 #e3bj73 ,:]e s9 ab\nd$1 grace did m ab\nd4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*>ity :e!r pr(ici5t or p]fect is great] ?an incipi5t *>ity4 ,b sometimes a man falls f pr(ici5t *>ity1 & rises aga9 to incipi5t *>ity4 ,!re=e man always rises aga9 to less virtue4 ,i answ] t1 ,z /at$ above 7,q4 #hf1 ,a4 #f1 ad #c2 ,q4 #hi1 ,a4 #a1 ad #b71 ! movem5t ( ! free-w1 9 ! ju/ification ( ! ungodly1 is ! ultimate disposition to grace2 s t 9 ! same in/ant !re is infusion ( grace toge!r ) ! a=esaid movem5t ( ! free-w1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #aac1 ,,aa4 #e1 #g71 :i* movem5t includes an act ( p5ance1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hf1 ,a4 #b74 ,b x is evid5t t =ms :i* admit ( be+ m or less1 become int5se or remiss1 accord+ to ! diff]5t dispositions ( ! subject1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #eb1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b2 ,q4 #ff1 ,a4 #a74 ,h5ce x is t1 9 ,p5ance1 accord+ to ! degree ( int5sity or remissness 9 ! movem5t ( ! free-w1 ! p5it5t receives great] or less] grace4 ,n[ ! int5sity ( ! p5it5t's movem5t may be proportionate sometimes to a great] grace ?an t f :i* man fell by s9n+1 sometimes to an equal grace1 sometimes to a less]4 ,:]e=e ! p5it5t sometimes arises to a great] grace ?an t :i* he _h be=e1 sometimes to an equal1 sometimes to a less] grace3 & ! same applies to ! virtues1 :i* fl[ f grace4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! v fact ( fall+ away f ! love ( ,god by s91 does n "w unto ! good ( all ^? :o love ,god1 :i* is evid5t 9 ! case ( ^? :o fall & nev] rise aga91 or :o rise & fall yet aga92 b only to ! good ( su* z accord+ to ,8 purpose are call$ to be sa9ts1 viz4 ! pr$e/9$1 :o1 h[ev] (t5 !y may fall1 yet rise aga9 f9ally4 ,consequ5tly good comes ( _! fall+1 n t !y always rise aga9 to great] grace1 b t !y rise to m abid+ grace1 n inde$ on ! "p ( grace itself1 because ! great] ! grace1 ! m abid+ x is1 b on ! "p ( man1 :o1 ! m c>eful & humble he is1 abides ! m /eadfa/ly 9 grace4 ,h5ce ! same gloss adds t _! fall conduces to _! good1 because !y rise m humble & m enlight5$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,p5ance1 consid]$ 9 itself1 has ! p[] to br+ all defects back to p]fection1 & ev5 to advance man to a high] /ate2 b ?is is sometimes h9d]$ on ! "p ( man1 ^: movem5t t[>ds ,god & 9 dete/ation ( s9 is too remiss1 j z 9 ,baptism adults receive a great] or a less] grace1 accord+ to ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* !y prep>e !mselves4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is comp>ison ( ! two graces to ! ev5+ & morn+ light is made on acc\nt ( a lik5ess ( ord]1 s9ce ! d>kness ( night foll[s aft] ! ev5+ light1 & ! light ( day aft] ! light ( morn+1 b n on acc\nt ( a lik5ess ( great] or less] quantity4 ,aga91 ?is say+ ( ! ,apo/le ref]s to ! grace ( ,*ri/1 :i* ab\nds m ?an any numb] ( man's s9s4 ,nor is x true ( all1 t ! m _! s9s ab\nd1 ! m abundant grace !y receive1 if we measure habitual grace by ! quantity4 ,grace is1 h[ev]1 m abundant1 z reg>ds ! v notion ( grace1 because to him :o s9s m a m gratuit\s favor is v\*saf$ by 8 p>don2 al?\gh sometimes ^? ^: s9s ab\nd1 ab\nd also 9 sorr[1 s t !y receive a m abundant habit ( grace & virtue1 z 0 ! case ) ,magdal54 ,to ! argum5t advanc$ 9 ! contr>y s5se x mu/ be repli$ t 9 "o & ! same man pr(ici5t grace is great] ?an incipi5t grace1 b ?is is n necess>ily ! case 9 diff]5t m51 = "o beg9s ) a great] grace ?an ano!r has 9 ! /ate ( pr(ici5cy3 ?us ,gregory says 7,dial4 ii1 #a73 ,let all1 bo? n[ & h]eaft]1 ackn[l$ge h[ p]fectly ! boy ,b5$ict turn$ to ! life ( grace f ! v beg9n+4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hi1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r1 by ,p5ance1 ,man ,is ,re/or$ to ,8 ,=m] ,dignity8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t man is n re/or$ by ,p5ance to 8 =m] dignity3 because a gloss on ,amos #e3b1 ,! virg9 ( ,israel is ca/ d[n1 obs]ves3 ,x is n said t %e _c rise up1 b t ! virg9 ( ,israel %all n rise2 because ! %eep t has once /ray$1 al?\gh ! %eph]d br+ x back on 8 %\ld]1 has n ! same glory z if x _h nev] /ray$4 ,!re=e man does n1 ?r\gh ,p5ance1 recov] 8 =m] dignity4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,j]ome says3 ,:oev] fail to pres]ve ! dignity ( ! sacr$ ord]1 mu/ be cont5t ) sav+ _! s\ls2 = x is a difficult ?+ to return to _! =m] degree4 ,aga91 ,pope ,innoc5t ,i says 7,ep4 vi ad ,agapit47 t ! canons fram$ at ! c\ncil ( ,nicaea exclude p5it5ts f ev5 ! l[e/ ord]s ( cl]ics4 ,!re=e man does n1 ?r\gh ,p5ance1 recov] 8 =m] dignity4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 be=e s9n+ a man c advance to a high] sacr$ ord]4 ,b ?is is n p]mitt$ to a p5it5t aft] 8 s91 = x is writt5 7,eze*4 #dd3aj1 #ac73 ,! ,levites t w5t away 4 4 4 f ,me 4 4 4 %all nev] ,vulg43 'n' come ne> to ,me1 to d ! (fice ( prie/3 & z laid d[n 9 ! ,decretals 7,di/4 #a1 *4 #eb71 & tak5 f ! c\ncil ( ,l]ida3 ,if ^? :o s]ve at ! ,holy ,alt> fall sudd5ly into "s deplorable weakness ( ! fle%1 & by ,god's m]cy d prop] p5ance1 let !m return to _! duties1 yet s z n to receive fur!r promotion4 ,!re=e ,p5ance does n re/ore man to 8 =m] dignity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,z we read 9 ! same ,di/9ction1 ,gregory writ+ to ,secund9us 7,regi/4 vii7 says3 ,we consid] t :5 a man has made prop] satisfaction1 he may return to 8 honorable position3 & moreov] we read 9 ! acts ( ! c\ncil ( ,agde3 ,contumaci\s cl]ics1 s f> z _! position all[s1 %\ld be correct$ by _! bi%ops1 s t :5 ,p5ance has re=m$ !m1 !y may recov] _! degree & dignity4 ,i answ] t1 ,by s91 man loses a tw(old dignity1 "o 9 respect ( ,god1 ! o!r 9 respect ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 respect ( ,god he aga9 loses a tw(old dignity4 ,"o is 8 pr9cipal dignity1 :]eby he 0 c\nt$ among ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 & ?is he recov]s by ,p5ance1 :i* is signifi$ 7,luke #ae7 9 ! prodigal son1 = :5 he rep5t$1 8 fa!r comm&$ t ! fir/ g>m5t %\ld be re/or$ to him1 toge!r ) a r+ & %oes4 ,! o!r is 8 second>y dignity1 viz4 innoc5ce1 ( :i*1 z we read 9 ! same *apt]1 ! eld] son boa/$ say+ 7,luke #ae3bi73 ,behold1 = s _m ye>s d ,i s]ve !e1 & ,i h nev] transgress$ ?y comm&m5ts3 & ?is dignity ! p5it5t _c recov]4 ,nev]!less he recov]s some?+ great] sometimes2 because z ,gregory says 7,hom4 de c5tum ,ovibus1 #cd 9 ,evang471 ^? :o ackn[l$ge !mselves to h /ray$ away f ,god1 make up = _! pa/ losses1 by subsequ5t ga9s3 s t !re is m joy 9 heav5 on _! acc\nt1 ev5 z 9 battle1 ! comm&+ (fic] ?9ks m ( ! soldi] :o1 aft] runn+ away1 returns & bravely attacks ! foe1 ?an ( "o :o has nev] turn$ 8 back1 b has done no?+ brave4 ,by s9 man loses 8 ecclesia/ical dignity1 because !reby he becomes unwor?y ( ^? ?+s :i* app]ta9 to ! ex]cise ( ! ecclesia/ical dignity4 ,?is he is deb>r$ f recov]+3 fir/1 because he fails to rep5t2 :]e=e ,isidore wrote to ! bi%op ,masso1 & z we read 9 ! ,di/9ction quot$ above 7,obj4 #c73 ,! canons ord] ^? to be re/or$ to _! =m] degree1 :o by rep5tance h made satisfaction = _! s9s1 or h made wor?y confession ( !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? :o d n m5d _! corrupt & wick$ ways are nei!r all[$ to ex]cise _! ord]1 nor receiv$ to ! grace ( communion4 ,secondly1 because he does p5ance neglig5tly1 :]e=e x is writt5 9 ! same ,di/9ction 7,obj4 #c73 ,we c be sure t ^? :o %[ no signs ( humble compunction1 or ( e>ne/ pray]1 :o avoid fa/+ or /udy1 w\ld ex]cise _! =m] duties ) great neglig5ce if !y 7 re/or$ to !m4 ,?irdly1 if he has committ$ a s9 to :i* an irregul>ity is atta*$2 :]e=e x is said 9 ! same ,di/9ction 7,obj4 #c71 quot+ ! c\ncil ( ,pope ,m>t9 99,m>t91 bi%op ( ,braga3 ,if a man m>ry a wid[ or ! relict ( ano!r1 he mu/ n be admitt$ to ! ranks ( ! cl]gy3 & if he has succe$$ 9 creep+ 91 he mu/ be turn$ out4 ,9 l mann]1 if anyone aft] ,baptism be guilty ( homicide1 :e!r by de$1 or by comm&1 or by c\nsel1 or 9 self-def5se4 ,b ?is is 9 consequ5ce n ( s91 b ( irregul>ity4 ,f\r?ly1 on acc\nt ( sc&al1 :]e=e x is said 9 ! same ,di/9ction 7,obj4 #c73 ,^? :o h be5 publicly convict$ or caught 9 ! act ( p]jury1 robb]y1 =nication1 & ( su* l crimes1 accord+ to ! prescription ( ! sacr$ canons mu/ be depriv$ ( ! ex]cise ( _! respective ord]s1 because x is a sc&al to ,god's p t su* p]sons %\ld be plac$ ov] !m4 ,b ^? :o commit su* s9s occultly & confess !m secretly to a prie/1 may be reta9$ 9 ! ex]cise ( _! respective ord]s1 ) ! assurance ( ,god's m]ciful =giv5ess1 provid$ !y be c>eful to expiate _! s9s by fa/s & alms1 vigils & holy de$s4 ,! same is express$ 7,extra1 ,de ,qual4 ,ord9&473 ,if ! a=esaid crimes are n prov$ by a judicial process1 or 9 "s o!r way made notori\s1 ^? :o are guilty ( !m mu/ n be h9d]$1 aft] !y h done p5ance1 f ex]cis+ ! ord]s !y h receiv$1 or f receiv+ fur!r ord]s1 except 9 cases ( homicide4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! same is to be said ( ! recov]y ( virg9ity z ( ! recov]y ( innoc5ce :i* belongs to man's second>y dignity 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,9 ^! words ,j]ome does n say t x is impossible1 b t x is difficult1 = man to recov] 8 =m] dignity aft] hav+ s9n$1 because ?is is all[$ to none b ^? :o rep5t p]fectly1 z /at$ above4 ,to ^? canonical /atutes1 :i* seem to =bid ?is1 ,augu/9e replies 9 8 lett] to ,boniface 7,ep4 clxxxv73 ,if ! law ( ! ,*ur* =bids anyone1 aft] do+ p5ance = a crime1 to become a cl]ic1 or to return to 8 cl]ical duties1 or to reta9 !m ! int5tion 0 n to deprive him ( ! hope ( p>don1 b to pres]ve ! rigor ( discipl9e2 else we %\ld h to d5y ! keys giv5 to ! ,*ur*1 ( :i* x 0 said3 ',:atsoev] y %all loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav54' ,& fur!r on he adds3 ,= holy ,david did p5ance = 8 deadly crimes1 & yet he reta9$ 8 dignity2 & ,bless$ ,pet] by %$d+ mo/ bitt] te>s did inde$ rep5t him ( hav+ d5i$ 8 ,"l1 & yet he rema9$ an apo/le4 ,nev]!less we mu/ n deem ! c>e ( lat] tea*]s excessive1 :o )\t endang]+ a man's salvation1 exact$ m f 8 humility1 hav+1 9 my op9ion1 f\nd by exp]i5ce1 t "s assum$ a pret5d$ rep5tance ?r\gh hank]+ aft] honors & p[]4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,?is /atute is to be und]/ood z apply+ to ^? :o d public p5ance1 = ^! _c be promot$ to a high] ord]4 ,= ,pet]1 aft] 8 d5ial1 0 made %eph]d ( ,*ri/'s %eep1 z appe>s f ,john #ba3ba1 :]e ,*ryso/om comm5ts z foll[s3 ,aft] 8 d5ial & rep5tance ,pet] gives pro( ( great] confid5ce 9 ,*ri/3 = :]eas1 at ! supp]1 he dur/ n ask ,him1 b deput$ ,john to ask 9 8 /ead1 aft]w>ds he 0 plac$ at ! head ( 8 bre?r51 & n only did n depute ano!r to ask = him1 :at conc]n$ him1 b h5ce=? asks ! ,ma/] in/ead ( ,john4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hi1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,virtu\s ,de$s ,done 9 ,*>ity ,c ,be ,dead5$8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t virtu\s de$s done 9 *>ity _c be dead5$4 ,= t :i* is n _c be *ang$4 ,b to be dead5$ is to be *ang$ f life to dea?4 ,s9ce !re=e virtu\s de$s1 aft] be+ done1 are no m1 x seems t !y _c aft]w>ds be dead5$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 by virtu\s de$s done 9 *>ity1 man m]its et]nal life4 ,b to take away ! rew>d f "o :o has m]it$ x is an inju/ice1 :i* _c be ascrib$ to ,god4 ,!re=e x is n possible = virtu\s de$s done 9 *>ity to be dead5$ by a subsequ5t s94 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! /rong is n corrupt$ by ! weak4 ,n[ works ( *>ity are /rong] ?an any s9s1 because1 z x is writt5 7,prov4 #aj3ab71 *>ity cov]e? all s9s4 ,!re=e x seems t de$s done 9 *>ity _c be dead5$ by a subsequ5t mortal s94 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x is writt5 7,eze*4 #ah3bd73 ,if ! j man turn himself away f 8 ju/ice 4 4 4 all 8 ju/ices :i* he ha? done %all n be rememb]$4 ,i answ] t1 ,a liv+ ?+1 by dy+1 ceases to h vital op]ations3 = :i* reason1 by a k9d ( metaphor1 a ?+ is said to be dead5$ :5 x is h9d]$ f produc+ its prop] effect or op]ation4 ,n[ ! effect ( virtu\s works1 :i* are done 9 *>ity1 is to br+ man to et]nal life2 & ?is is h9d]$ by a subsequ5t mortal s91 inasmu* z x takes away grace4 ,:]e=e de$s done 9 *>ity are said to be dead5$ by a subsequ5t mortal s94 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,j z s9ful de$s pass z to ! act b rema9 z to guilt1 s de$s done 9 *>ity1 aft] pass+1 z to ! act1 rema9 z to m]it1 9 s f> z !y are acceptable to ,god4 ,x is 9 ?is respect t !y are dead5$1 inasmu* z man is h9d]$ f receiv+ 8 rew>d4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,!re is no inju/ice 9 )draw+ ! rew>d f him :o has des]v$ x1 if he has made himself unwor?y by 8 subsequ5t fault1 s9ce at times a man ju/ly =feits ?r\gh 8 own fault1 ev5 t :i* he has already receiv$4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,x is n on acc\nt ( ! /r5g? ( s9ful de$s t de$s1 previ\sly done 9 *>ity1 are dead5$1 b on acc\nt ( ! fre$om ( ! w :i* c be turn$ away f good to evil4 ,,fif? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hf1 ,art4 #e ,:e!r ,de$s ,dead5$ by ,s91 ,are ,reviv$ by ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t de$s dead5$ by s9 are n reviv$ by ,p5ance4 ,because j z pa/ s9s are remitt$ by subsequ5t ,p5ance1 s are de$s previ\sly done 9 *>ity1 dead5$ by subsequ5t s94 ,b s9s remitt$ by ,p5ance d n return1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hh1 ,,aa4 #a1 #b74 ,!re=e x seems t nei!r are dead de$s reviv$ by *>ity4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 de$s are said to be dead5$ by comp>ison ) animals :o die1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #d74 ,b a dead animal _c be reviv$4 ,!re=e nei!r c dead works be reviv$ by ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 de$s done 9 *>ity are des]v+ ( glory accord+ to ! quantity ( grace or *>ity4 ,b sometimes man arises ?r\gh ,p5ance to less] grace or *>ity4 ,!re=e he does n receive glory accord+ to ! m]it ( 8 previ\s works2 s t x seems t de$s dead5$ by s9 are n reviv$4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ,joel #b3be1 ,i w re/ore to y ! ye>s1 :i* ! locu/ 4 4 4 ha? eat51 a gloss says3 ,i w n suff] to p]i% ! fruit :i* y lo/ :5 y\r s\l 0 di/urb$4 ,b ?is fruit is ! m]it ( good works :i* 0 lo/ ?r\gh s94 ,!re=e m]itori\s de$s done be=e are reviv$ by ,p5ance4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h said t m]itori\s works dead5$ by subsequ5t s9 are n reviv$ by ! ensu+ ,p5ance1 because !y deem$ su* works to h pass$ away1 s t !y c\ld n be reviv$4 ,b t is no reason :y !y %\ld n be reviv$3 because !y are conducive to et]nal life 7:]e9 _! life consi/s7 n only z actually exi/+1 b also aft] !y cease to exi/ actually1 & z abid+ 9 ! ,div9e acceptance4 ,n[1 !y abide ?us1 s f> z !y are conc]n$1 ev5 aft] !y h be5 dead5$ by s91 because ^? works1 accord+ z !y 7 done1 w ev] be acceptable to ,god & give joy to ! sa9ts1 accord+ to ,apoc4 #c3aa3 ,hold fa/ t :i* ?\ ha/1 t no man take ?y cr[n4 ,t !y fail 9 _! efficacy to br+ ! man1 :o did !m1 to et]nal life1 is due to ! imp$im5t ( ! sup]v5+ s9 :]eby he is become unwor?y ( et]nal life4 ,b ?is imp$im5t is remov$ by ,p5ance1 inasmu* z s9s are tak5 away !reby4 ,h5ce x foll[s t de$s previ\sly dead5$1 recov]1 ?r\gh ,p5ance1 _! efficacy 9 br++ him1 :o did !m1 to et]nal life1 &1 9 o!r words1 !y are reviv$4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t dead5$ works are reviv$ by ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! v works !mselves ( s9 are remov$ by ,p5ance1 s t1 by ,god's m]cy1 no fur!r /a9 or debt ( puni%m5t is incurr$ on _! acc\nt3 on ! o!r h&1 works done 9 *>ity are n remov$ by ,god1 s9ce !y abide 9 ,8 acceptance1 b !y are h9d]$ on ! "p ( ! man :o does !m2 :]e=e if ?is h9drance1 on ! "p ( ! man :o does ^? works1 be remov$1 ,god on ,8 side fulfills :at ^? works des]v$4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,de$s done 9 *>ity are n 9 !mselves dead5$1 z expla9$ above1 b only ) reg>d to a sup]v5+ imp$im5t on ! "p ( ! man :o does !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an animal dies 9 itself1 ?r\gh be+ depriv$ ( ! pr9ciple ( life3 s t ! comp>ison fails4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,he :o1 ?r\gh ,p5ance1 arises to less] *>ity1 w receive ! ess5tial rew>d accord+ to ! degree ( *>ity 9 :i* he is f\nd4 ,yet he w h great] joy = ! works he _h done 9 8 =m] *>ity1 ?an = ^? :i* he did 9 8 subsequ5t *>ity3 & ?is joy belongs to ! accid5tal rew>d4 ,,six? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #hi1 ,art4 #f ,:e!r ! ,effect ( ,subsequ5t ,p5ance ,is to ,quick5 ,ev5 ,dead ,works8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ! effect ( subsequ5t ,p5ance is to quick5 ev5 dead works1 ^?1 namely1 t 7 n done 9 *>ity4 ,= x seems m difficult to br+ to life t :i* has be5 dead5$1 s9ce ?is is nev] done naturally1 ?an to quick5 t :i* nev] _h life1 s9ce c]ta9 liv+ ?+s are eng5d]$ naturally f ?+s )\t life4 ,n[ dead5$ works are reviv$ by ,p5ance1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #e74 ,mu* m1 !re=e1 are dead works reviv$4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 if ! cause be remov$1 ! effect is remov$4 ,b ! cause ( ! lack ( life 9 works g5]ically good done )\t *>ity1 0 ! lack ( *>ity & grace1 :i* lack is remov$ by ,p5ance4 ,!re=e dead works are quick5$ by *>ity4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ,j]ome 9 comm5t+ on ,agg4 i1 #f3 ,y h s[$ mu*1 says3 ,if at any "t y f9d a s9n]1 among 8 _m evil de$s1 do+ t :i* is "r1 ,god is n s unju/ z to =get ! few good de$s on acc\nt ( 8 _m evil de$s4 ,n[ ?is seems to be ! case *iefly :5 pa/ evil de$s are remov$ by ,p5ance4 ,!re=e x seems t ?r\gh ,p5ance1 ,god rew>ds ! =m] de$s done 9 ! /ate ( s91 :i* implies t !y are quick5$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! ,apo/le says 7#a ,cor4 #ac3c73 ,if ,i %\ld di/ribute all my goods to fe$ ! poor1 & if ,i %\ld deliv] my body to be burn$1 & h n *>ity1 x pr(ite? me no?+4 ,b ?is w\ld n be true1 if1 at lea/ by subsequ5t ,p5ance1 !y 7 quick5$4 ,!re=e ,p5ance does n quick5 works :i* be=e 7 dead4 ,i answ] t1 ,a "w is said to be dead 9 two ways3 fir/1 effectively1 because1 to wit1 x is a cause ( dea?1 9 :i* s5se s9ful works are said to be dead1 accord+ to ,heb4 #i3ad3 ,! blood ( ,*ri/ 4 4 4 %all cleanse our consci5ce f dead works4 ,^! dead works are n quick5$ b remov$ by ,p5ance1 accord+ to ,heb4 #f3a3 ,n lay+ aga9 ! f\ndation ( ,p5ance f dead works4 ,secondly1 works are said to be dead privatively1 because1 to wit1 !y lack spiritual life1 :i* is f\nd$ on *>ity1 :]eby ! s\l is unit$ to ,god1 ! result be+ t x is quick5$ z ! body by ! s\l3 9 :i* s5se too1 fai?1 if x lack *>ity1 is said to be dead1 accord+ to ,james #b3bj3 ,fai? )\t works is dead4 ,9 ?is way also1 all works t are g5]ically good1 are said to be dead1 if !y be done )\t *>ity1 inasmu* z !y fail to proce$ f ! pr9ciple ( life2 ev5 z we might call ! s\nd ( a h>p1 a dead voice4 ,accord+ly1 ! diff]5ce ( life & dea? 9 works is 9 relation to ! pr9ciple f :i* !y proce$4 ,b works _c proce$ a second "t f a pr9ciple1 because !y are transitory1 & ! same id5tical de$ _c be resum$4 ,!re=e x is impossible = dead works to be quick5$ by ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,9 ! physical ord] ?+s :e!r dead or dead5$ lack ! pr9ciple ( life4 ,b works are said to be dead5$1 n 9 relation to ! pr9ciple :5ce !y proce$$1 b 9 relation to an extr9sic imp$im5t2 :ile !y are said to be dead 9 relation to a pr9ciple4 ,consequ5tly !re is no comp>ison4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,works g5]ically good done )\t *>ity are said to be dead on acc\nt ( ! lack ( grace & *>ity1 z pr9ciples4 ,n[ ! subsequ5t ,p5ance does n supply t want1 s z to make !m proce$ f su* a pr9ciple4 ,h5ce ! argum5t does n prove4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,god rememb]s ! good de$s a man does :5 9 a /ate ( s91 n by rew>d+ !m 9 et]nal life1 :i* is due only to liv+ works1 i4e4 ^? done f *>ity1 b by a temporal rew>d3 ?us ,gregory decl>es 7,hom4 de ,divite et ,laz>o1 #da 9 ,evang47 t unless t ri* man _h done "s good de$1 & _h receiv$ 8 rew>d 9 ?is _w1 ,abraham w\ld c]ta9ly n h said to him3 ',?\ did/ receive good ?+s 9 ?y lifetime4' ,or aga91 ?is may mean t he w be judg$ less sev]ely3 :]e=e ,augu/9e says 7,de ,pati5tia xxvi73 ,we _c say t x w\ld be bett] = ! s*ismatic t by d5y+ ,*ri/ he %\ld suff] none ( ^? ?+s :i* he suff]$ by confess+ ,him2 b we mu/ believe t he w be judg$ ) less sev]ity1 ?an if by d5y+ ,*ri/1 he _h suff]$ none ( ^? ?+s4 ,?us ! words ( ! ,apo/le1 ',if ,i %\ld deliv] my body to be burn$ & h n *>ity1 x pr(ite? me no?+1' ref] to ! obta9+ ( ! k+dom ( heav51 & d n exclude ! possibility ( be+ s5t5c$ ) less sev]ity at ! la/ judgm5t4 ,,"q #ij ,,( ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,p5ance1 ,,9 ,,g5]al 7,9 ,f\r ,articles7 ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! p>ts ( ,p5ance3 7#a7 9 g5]al2 7#b7 ea* "o 9 p>ticul>4 ,"u ! fir/ head !re are f\r po9ts ( inquiry3 7#a7 ,:e!r ,p5ance has any p>ts8 7#b7 ,( ! numb] ( its p>ts2 7#c7 ,:at k9d ( p>ts are !y8 7#d7 ,( its division into subjective p>ts4 ,,fir/ ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ij1 ,art4 #a ,:e!r ,p5ance ,%\ld ,be ,assign$ ,any ,p>ts8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t p>ts %\ld n be assign$ to ,p5ance4 ,= x is ! ,div9e p[] t works our salvation mo/ secretly 9 ! sacram5ts4 ,n[ ! ,div9e p[] is "o & simple4 ,!re=e ,p5ance1 be+ a sacram5t1 %\ld h no p>ts assign$ to x4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 ,p5ance is bo? a virtue & a sacram5t4 ,n[ no p>ts are assign$ to x z a virtue1 s9ce virtue is a habit1 :i* is a simple quality ( ! m9d4 ,9 l mann]1 x seems t p>ts %\ld n be assign$ to ,p5ance z a sacram5t1 because no p>ts are assign$ to ,baptism & ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,!re=e no p>ts at all %\ld be assign$ to ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! matt] ( ,p5ance is s91 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #b74 ,b no p>ts are assign$ to s94 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 %\ld p>ts be assign$ to ,p5ance4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,! p>ts ( a ?+ are ^? out ( :i* ! :ole is compos$4 ,n[ ! p]fection ( ,p5ance is compos$ ( sev]al ?+s1 viz4 contrition1 confession1 & satisfaction4 ,!re=e ,p5ance has p>ts4 ,i answ] t1 ,! p>ts ( a ?+ are ^? into :i* ! :ole is divid$ mat]ially1 = ! p>ts ( a ?+ are to ! :ole1 :at matt] is to ! =m2 :]e=e ! p>ts are reckon$ z a k9d ( mat]ial cause1 & ! :ole z a k9d ( =mal cause 7,phys4 ii74 ,accord+ly :]ev]1 on ! "p ( matt]1 we f9d a k9d ( plurality1 !re we %all f9d a reason = assign+ p>ts4 ,n[ x has be5 /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c71 t1 9 ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 human actions /& z matt]3 & s1 s9ce sev]al actions are requisite = ! p]fection ( ,p5ance1 viz41 contrition1 confession1 & satisfaction1 z we %all %[ fur!r on 7,a4 #b71 x foll[s t ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance has p>ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,e sacram5t is some?+ simple by reason ( ! ,div9e p[]1 :i* op]ates !re93 b ! ,div9e p[] is s great t x c op]ate bo? ?r\gh "o & ?r\gh _m1 & by reason ( ^! _m1 p>ts may be assign$ to a p>ticul> sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,p>ts are n assign$ to p5ance z a virtue3 because ! human acts ( :i* !re are sev]al 9 p5ance1 are relat$ to ! habit ( virtue1 n z its p>ts1 b z its effects4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t p>ts are assign$ to ,p5ance z a sacram5t1 to :i* ! human acts are relat$ z matt]3 :]eas 9 ! o!r sacram5ts ! matt] does n consi/ ( human acts1 b ( "s "o ext]nal ?+1 ei!r simple1 z wat] or oil1 or comp\nd1 z *rism1 & s p>ts are n assign$ to ! o!r sacram5ts4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,s9s are ! remote matt] ( ,p5ance1 inasmu*1 to wit1 z !y are ! matt] or object ( ! human acts1 :i* are ! prop] matt] ( ,p5ance z a sacram5t4 ,,second ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ij1 ,art4 #b ,:e!r ,contrition1 ,confession1 & ,satisfaction ,are ,fitt+ly ,assign$ ,z ,p>ts ( ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t contrition1 confession1 & satisfaction are n fitt+ly assign$ z p>ts ( ,p5ance4 ,= contrition is 9 ! he>t1 & s belongs to int]ior p5ance2 :ile confession consi/s ( words1 & satisfaction 9 de$s2 s t ! two latt] belong to int]ior p5ance4 ,n[ int]ior p5ance is n a sacram5t1 b only ext]ior p5ance :i* is p]ceptible by ! s5ses4 ,!re=e ^! ?ree p>ts are n fitt+ly assign$ to ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 grace is conf]r$ 9 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,new ,law1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fb1 ,,aa4 #a1 #c74 ,b no grace is conf]r$ 9 satisfaction4 ,!re=e satisfaction is n "p ( a sacram5t4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 ! fruit ( a ?+ is n ! same z its "p4 ,b satisfaction is a fruit ( p5ance1 accord+ to ,luke #c3h3 ,br+ =? 4 4 4 fruits wor?y ( p5ance4 ,!re=e x is n a "p ( ,p5ance4 ,obj4 #d3 ,fur!r1 ,p5ance is orda9$ aga9/ s94 ,b s9 c be complet$ m]ely 9 ! ?\ght by cons5t1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #gb1 ,a4 #g73 !re=e ,p5ance c also4 ,!re=e confession 9 ^w & satisfaction 9 de$ %\ld n be reckon$ z p>ts ( ,p5ance4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,x seems t yet m p>ts %\ld be assign$ to ,p5ance4 ,= n only is ! body assign$ z a "p ( man1 z be+ ! matt]1 b also ! s\l1 :i* is 8 =m4 ,b ! a=esaid ?ree1 be+ ! acts ( ! p5it5t1 /& z matt]1 :ile ! prie/ly absolution /&s z =m4 ,!re=e ! prie/ly absolution %\ld be assign$ z a f\r? "p ( ,p5ance4 ,i answ] t1 ,a "p is tw(old1 ess5tial & quantitative4 ,! ess5tial p>ts are naturally ! =m & ! matt]1 & logically ! g5us & ! diff]5ce4 ,9 ?is way1 ea* sacram5t is divid$ into matt] & =m z its ess5tial p>ts4 ,h5ce x has be5 said above 7,q4 #fj1 ,,aa4 #e1 #f7 t sacram5ts consi/ ( ?+s & words4 ,b s9ce quantity is on ! "p ( matt]1 quantitative p>ts are p>ts ( matt]3 &1 9 ?is way1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #a71 p>ts are assign$ specially to ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 z reg>ds ! acts ( ! p5it5t1 :i* are ! matt] ( ?is sacram5t4 ,n[ x has be5 said above 7,q4 #he1 ,a4 #c1 ad #c7 t an (f5se is aton$ o!rwise 9 ,p5ance ?an 9 v9dictive ju/ice4 ,because1 9 v9dictive ju/ice ! atonem5t is made accord+ to ! judge's decision1 & n accord+ to ! discretion ( ! (f5d] or ( ! p]son (f5d$2 :]eas1 9 ,p5ance1 ! (f5se is aton$ accord+ to ! w ( ! s9n]1 & ! judgm5t ( ,god aga9/ ,:om ! s9 0 committ$1 because 9 ! latt] case we seek n only ! re/oration ( ! equality ( ju/ice1 z 9 v9dictive ju/ice1 b also & /ill m ! reconciliation ( fri5d%ip1 :i* is accompli%$ by ! (f5d] mak+ atonem5t accord+ to ! w ( ! p]son (f5d$4 ,accord+ly ! fir/ requisite on ! "p ( ! p5it5t is ! w to atone1 & ?is is done by contrition2 ! second is t he submit to ! judgm5t ( ! prie/ /&+ 9 ,god's place1 & ?is is done 9 confession2 & ! ?ird is t he atone accord+ to ! decision ( ,god's m9i/]1 & ?is is done 9 satisfaction3 & s contrition1 confession1 & satisfaction are assign$ z p>ts ( ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,contrition1 z to its ess5ce1 is 9 ! he>t1 & belongs to int]ior p5ance2 yet1 virtually1 x belongs to ext]ior p5ance1 inasmu* z x implies ! purpose ( confess+ & mak+ satisfaction4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,satisfaction conf]s grace1 9 s f> z x is 9 man's purpose1 & x increases grace1 accord+ z x is accompli%$1 j z ,baptism does 9 adults1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #fh1 ,a4 #b2 ,q4 #fi1 ,a4 #h74 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,satisfaction is a "p ( ,p5ance z a sacram5t1 & a fruit ( p5ance z a virtue4 ,reply ,obj4 #d3 ,m ?+s are requir$ = good1 :i* proce$s f a cause t is entire1 ?an = evil1 :i* results f ea* s+le defect1 z ,dionysius /ates 7,div4 ,nom4 iv74 ,& ?us1 al?\gh s9 is complet$ 9 ! cons5t ( ! he>t1 yet ! p]fection ( ,p5ance requires contrition ( ! he>t1 toge!r ) confession 9 ^w & satisfaction 9 de$4 ,! ,reply to ! ,fif? ,objection is cle> f :at has be5 said4 ,,?ird ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ij1 ,art4 #c ,:e!r ,^! ,?ree ,are ,integral ,p>ts ( ,p5ance8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t ^! ?ree are n integral p>ts ( ,p5ance4 ,=1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #c71 ,p5ance is orda9$ aga9/ s94 ,b s9s ( ?\ght1 ^w1 & de$ are ! subjective & n integral p>ts ( s91 because s9 is pr$icat$ ( ea* "o ( !m4 ,!re=e 9 ,p5ance also1 contrition 9 ?\ght1 confession 9 ^w1 & satisfaction 9 de$ are n integral p>ts4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 no integral "p includes )9 itself ano!r t is condivid$ ) x4 ,b contrition includes bo? confession & satisfaction 9 ! purpose ( am5dm5t4 ,!re=e !y are n integral p>ts4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 a :ole is compos$ ( its integral p>ts1 tak5 at ! same "t & equally1 j z a l9e is made up ( its p>ts4 ,b su* is n ! case "h4 ,!re=e ^! are n integral p>ts ( ,p5ance4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,integral p>ts are ^? by :i* ! p]fection ( ! :ole is integrat$4 ,b ! p]fection ( ,p5ance is integrat$ by ^! ?ree4 ,!re=e !y are integral p>ts ( ,p5ance4 ,i answ] t1 ,"s h said t ^! ?ree are subjective p>ts ( ,p5ance4 ,b ?is is impossible1 because ! entire p[] ( ! :ole is pres5t 9 ea* subjective "p at ! same "t & equally1 j z ! entire p[] ( an animal1 z su*1 is assur$ to ea* animal species1 all ( :i* species divide ! animal g5us at ! same "t & equally3 :i* does n apply to ! po9t 9 "q4 ,:]e=e o!rs h said t ^! are pot5tial p>ts3 yet nei!r c ?is be true1 s9ce ! :ole is pres5t1 z to ! entire ess5ce1 9 ea* pot5tial "p1 j z ! entire ess5ce ( ! s\l is pres5t 9 ea* ( its p[]s3 :i* does n apply to ! case 9 po9t4 ,!re=e x foll[s t ^! ?ree are integral p>ts ( ,p5ance1 ! nature ( :i* is t ! :ole is n pres5t 9 ea* ( ! p>ts1 ei!r z to its entire p[]1 or z to its entire ess5ce1 b t x is pres5t to all ( !m toge!r at ! same "t4 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,s9 =asmu* z x is an evil1 c be complet$ 9 "o s+le po9t1 z /at$ above 7,a4 #b1 ad #d72 & s ! s9 :i* is complet$ 9 ?\ght alone1 is a special k9d ( s94 ,ano!r species is ! s9 t is complet$ 9 ?\ght & ^w3 & yet a ?ird species is ! s9 t is complet$ 9 ?\ght1 ^w1 & de$2 & ! quasi-integral p>ts ( ?is la/ s91 are t :i* is 9 ?\ght1 t :i* is 9 ^w1 & t :i* is 9 de$4 ,:]e=e ^! ?ree are ! integral p>ts ( ,p5ance1 :i* is complet$ 9 !m4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,"o integral "p c include ! :ole1 ?\gh n z to its ess5ce3 because ! f\ndation1 9 a way1 conta9s virtually ! :ole build+4 ,9 ?is way contrition includes virtually ! :ole ( ,p5ance4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,all integral p>ts h a c]ta9 relation ( ord] to "o ano!r3 b "s are only relat$ z to position1 :e!r 9 sequ5ce z ! p>ts ( an army1 or by contact1 z ! p>ts ( a heap1 or by be+ fitt$ toge!r1 z ! p>ts ( a h\se1 or by cont9uation1 z ! p>ts ( a l9e2 :ile "s are relat$1 9 addition1 z to p[]1 z ! p>ts ( an animal1 ! fir/ ( :i* is ! he>t1 ! o!rs 9 a c]ta9 ord] be+ dep5d5t on "o ano!r3 & ?irdly "s are relat$ 9 ! ord] ( "t3 z ! p>ts ( "t & movem5t4 ,accord+ly ! p>ts ( ,p5ance are relat$ to "o ano!r 9 ! ord] ( p[] & "t1 s9ce !y are actions1 b n 9 ! ord] ( position1 s9ce !y d n occupy a place4 ,,f\r? ,,article ,,iii1 ,q4 #ij1 ,art4 #d ,:e!r ,p5ance ,is ,fitt+ly ,divid$ into ,p5ance ,be=e ,baptism1 ,p5ance = ,mortal ,s9s1 & ,p5ance = ,v5ial ,s9s8 ,objection #a3 ,x w\ld seem t p5ance is unfitt+ly divid$ into p5ance be=e ,baptism1 p5ance = mortal1 & p5ance = v5ial s9s4 ,= ,p5ance is ! second plank aft] %ipwreck1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hd1 ,a4 #f71 :ile ,baptism is ! fir/4 ,!re=e t :i* prec$es ,baptism %\ld n be call$ a species ( p5ance4 ,obj4 #b3 ,fur!r1 t :i* c de/roy ! great]1 c de/roy ! less]4 ,n[ mortal s9 is great] ?an v5ial2 & p5ance :i* reg>ds mortal s9s reg>ds also v5ial s9s4 ,!re=e !y %\ld n be consid]$ z diff]5t species ( p5ance4 ,obj4 #c3 ,fur!r1 j z aft] ,baptism man commits v5ial & mortal s9s1 s does he be=e ,baptism4 ,if !re=e p5ance = v5ial s9s is di/9ct f p5ance = mortal s9s aft] ,baptism1 9 l mann] !y %\ld be di/+ui%$ be=e ,baptism4 ,!re=e p5ance is n fitt+ly divid$ into ^! species4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,augu/9e says 9 ,de ,po5it5tia 99,cf4 ,hom4 #cj int] #a t ^! ?ree are species ( ,p5ance4 ,i answ] t1 ,?is is a division ( p5ance z a virtue4 ,n[ x mu/ be obs]v$ t e virtue acts 9 accordance ) ! "t be+1 z also 9 keep+ ) o!r due circum/ances1 :]e=e ! virtue ( p5ance has its act at ?is "t1 accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,new ,law4 ,n[ x belongs to p5ance to dete/ "o's pa/ s9s1 & to purpose1 at ! same "t1 to *ange "o's life = ! bett]1 :i* is ! end1 s to speak1 ( p5ance4 ,& s9ce moral matt]s take _! species f ! end1 z /at$ 9 ! ,second ,"p 7,i-,,ii1 ,q4 #a1 ,a4 #c2 ,q4 #ah1 ,,aa4 #d1 #f71 x is reasonable to di/+ui% v>i\s species ( p5ance1 accord+ to ! v>i\s *anges int5d$ by ! p5it5t4 ,accord+ly !re is a ?reefold *ange int5d$ by ! p5it5t4 ,! fir/ is by reg5]ation unto a new life1 & ?is belongs to t p5ance :i* prec$es ,baptism4 ,! second is by re=m+ "o's pa/ life aft] x has be5 already de/roy$1 & ?is belongs to p5ance = mortal s9s committ$ aft] ,baptism4 ,! ?ird is by *ang+ to a m p]fect op]ation ( life1 & ?is belongs to p5ance = v5ial s9s1 :i* are remitt$ ?r\gh a f]v5t act ( *>ity1 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hg1 ,,aa4 #b1 #c74 ,reply ,obj4 #a3 ,! p5ance :i* prec$es ,baptism is n a sacram5t1 b an act ( virtue dispos+ "o to t sacram5t4 ,reply ,obj4 #b3 ,! p5ance :i* wa%es away mortal s9s1 wa%es away v5ial s9s also1 b ! conv]se does n hold4 ,:]e=e ^! two species ( p5ance are relat$ to "o ano!r z p]fect & imp]fect4 ,reply ,obj4 #c3 ,be=e ,baptism !re are no v5ial s9s )\t mortal s9s4 ,& s9ce a v5ial s9 _c be remitt$ )\t mortal s91 z /at$ above 7,q4 #hg1 ,a4 #d71 be=e ,baptism1 p5ance = mortal s9s is n di/9ct f p5ance = v5ial s9s4