,,critical ,,miscellanies  ,,by  ,,john 
,,morley  ,,vol4 ,i4  ,essay #e3 ,em]son
  ,london ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41        
,,limit$ ,,new ,,york3 ,,! ,,macmillan  
,,company #aijd     ,introductory       
#bic  ,i4  ,e>ly days                   
#bif  ,takes *>ge ( an ,unit>ian ,*ur* 9
 ,bo/on 7#ahbi7               #big      
,resigns ! *>ge 9 #ahcb                 
#bih  ,goes to ,europe 7#ahcc7          
#bii  ,col]idge1 ,wordswor?1 & ,c>lyle  
#cjj  ,settles 9 ,concord 7#ahcd7       
#cja  ,description ( ,concord by ,cl\gh 
#cja  ,dea? ( 8 fir/ wife               
#cjb  ,income                           
#cjc  ,haw?orne                         
#cje  ,?oreau                           
#cje  ,views on ,solitude               
#cjf  ,effect ( 8 address 9 ! ,div9ity  
,s*ool ( ,h>v>d 7#ahch7                 
#cjg  ,contributes to ! ,dial 7#ahdj7   
#cji  ,fir/ s]ies ( 8 ,essays publi%$ 9 
#ahda                       #caj        
,second s]ies ?ree ye>s lat]            
#caj  ,second visit to ,engl& 7#ahdg71 &

 deliv]s lectures on ',repres5tative    
,m51' collect$ & publi%$ 9 #ahej        
#caj  ,poems fir/ collect$ 9 #ahdg2 f9al
 v]sion made 9 #ahgf          #caj      
,essays & ,lectures publi%$ 9 #ahfj1 "u 
g5]al title ( ,! ,conduct ( ,life       
#caj  ,& ! ,civil ,w>                   
#caj  ,g5]al retrospect ( 8 life        
#cab  ,di$ ,april #bg1 #ahhb            
#cab   ,,ii4  ,/yle ( 8 writ+s          
#cac  ,mann] z a lectur]                
#cad  ,dr4 ,holmes                      
#cad  ,8 use ( words                    
#cad  ,s9c]ity                          
#caf  ,& ,l&or                          
#caf  ,mr4 ,l[ell                       
#caf  ,description ( 8 libr>y           
#cag  ,a ^w or two ab\t 8 v]ses         
#cai   ,,iii4  ,haw?orne                
#cbb  ,& ,c>lyle                        
#cbc  ,! fri5ds ( ,univ]sal ,progress 9 
#ahdj                          #cbc     
,bossuet                                
#cbd  ,rem>ks on ,new ,engl&            
#cbe  ,"o ( ! few moral re=m]s          

#cbg  ,essays on ',dome/ic ,life1' on   
',behavi\r1' & on ',mann]s'             
#cbi  ,comp>$ to ,frankl9 & ,*e/]field  
#ccj  ,is = fai? be=e works             
#ccc  ,a sy/ematic reason]              
#cce  ,! ,em]sonian fai? abundantly     
ju/ifi$                          #ccg   
,c>lyle's lett] to 7,june #d1 #ahga7    
#ccg  ,"o rem>kable result ( 8 idealism 
#cda  ,on ,dea? & ,s9                   
#cdb1 #cdd  ,conclusion                 
#cdf     ,,em]son4   ,a great int]pret] 
( life ought n himself to ne$           
int]pretation1 lea/ ( all c he ne$ x =  
contempor>ies4 ,:5 "t has wr\ght *anges 
( fa%ion1 m5tal & social1 ! critic s]ves
 a useful turn 9 giv+ to a poet or a    
tea*] 8 true place1 & 9 recov]+ ideas & 
po9ts ( view t are wor? pres]v+4        
,int]pretation ( ?is k9d ,em]son _c     
require4 ,8 books are no palimpse/1 '!  
prophet's holograph1 defil$1 eras$1 &   
cov]$ by a monk's4' ,:at he has writt5  
is fre%1 legible1 & 9 full con=mity ) ! 
mann]s & ! diction ( ! day1 & ^? :o are 

unable to und]/& him )\t gloss & comm5t 
are 9 fact n prep>$ to und]/& :at x is t
 ! orig9al has to say4 ,sc>cely any     
lit]ature is s entirely unpr(itable z ! 
s-call$ criticism t ov]lays a pi?y text 
) a w9dy s]mon4 ,= our "t at lea/       
,em]son may be/ be left to be 8 own     
expositor4  ,nor is ,em]son1 ei!r1 9 !  
case ( ^? :om ! _w has fail$ to         
recognise1 & :om !re=e x is ! bus9ess ( 
! critic to make kn[n & to def9e4 ,x is 
too soon to say 9 :at p>ticul> ni*e     
among ! tea*]s ( ! race po/]ity w place 
him2 en\gh t 9 our own g5]ation he has  
already be5 accept$ z "o ( ! wise ma/]s1
 :o1 be+ call$ to high ?9k+ = g5]\s     
ends1 did n fall bel[ 8 vocation1 b1    
/eadfa/ly pursu+ ! pure se>* = tru?1 )\t
 prop\nd+ a sy/em or f\nd+ a s*ool or   
cumb]+ himself ov]mu* ab\t applications1
 liv$ ! life ( ! _s1 & brea!d into o!r  
m5 a /rong desire aft] ! "r gov]nance ( 
! s\l4 ,all ?is is g5]ally realis$ &    
und]/ood1 & m5 may n[ be left to f9d _! 
way to ! ,em]sonian doctr9e )\t !       

critic's prompt+4 ,?\gh x is only ! o!r 
day t ,em]son walk$ ! e>? & 0 alive &   
among u1 he is already "o ( ! privileg$ 
few :om ! read] approa*es 9 ! mood (    
settl$ respect1 & ^: names h surr\nd$   
!mselves ) an atmosph]e ( religion4  ,x 
is n p>ticul>ly pr(itable1 aga91 to seek
 = ,em]son "o ( ! labels out ( !        
philosophic h&books4 ,0 he ! pr9ce (    
,transc5d5tali/s1 or ! pr9ce (          
,ideali/s8 ,are we to look = ! s\rces ( 
8 ?\ght 9 ,kant or ,jacobi1 9 ,fi*te or 
,s*ell+8 ,h[ does he /& t[>ds ,p>m5ides 
& ,z5o1 ! ,ego!ism ( ! ,sufis1 or !     
position ( ! ,meg>eans8 ,%all we put him
 on ! %elf ) ! ,/oics or ! ,my/ics1 )   
,quieti/1 ,pan!i/1 ,det]m9i/8 ,if life 7
 long1 x might be wor? :ile to trace    
,em]son's aff9ities ) ! philosophic     
s*ools2 to collect & inf] 8 answ]s to ! 
ev]la/+ problems ( psy*ology &          
metaphysics2 to extract a set ( coh]5t &
 reason$ op9ions ab\t k & faculty1      
exp]i5ce & consci\sness1 tru? &         
necessity1 ! absolute & ! relative4 ,b  

su* inquiries w\ld only take u ! fur!r  
away f ! ess5ce & vitality ( ,em]son's  
m9d & tea*+4 ,9 philosophy prop] ,em]son
 made no contribution ( 8 own1 b        
accept$1 app>5tly )\t mu* exam9ation ( !
 o!r side1 f ,col]idge aft] ,kant1 !    
intuitive1  priori & reali/ !ory        
respect+ ! s\rces ( human k1 & ! objects
 t are )9 ! cognisance ( ! human        
faculties4 ,?is 0 8 />t+-po9t1 & )9 its 
own sph]e ( ?\ght he _c be said to h    
c>ri$ x any fur!r4 ,:at he did 0 to     
light up ^! doctr9es ) ! rays ( e?ical &
 poetic imag9ation4 ,z x has be5 ju/ly  
put1 ?\gh ,em]sonian transc5d5talism is 
usually spok5 ( z a philosophy1 x is m  
ju/ly reg>d$ z a gospel4#a ,b be=e      
dwell+ m on ?is1 let u look into !      
record ( 8 life1 ( :i* we may say 9 all 
tru? t no pur]1 simpl]1 & m h>moni\s    
/ory c be f\nd 9 ! annals ( f>-%9+ m54  
,footnote #a3 ,fro?+ham's               
,transc5d5talism 9 ,new ,engl&3 a       
,hi/ory--a judici\s1 acute1 & highly    
int]e/+ piece ( criticism4     ,i4      

,ralph ,waldo ,em]son 0 born at ,bo/on1 
,may #be1 #ahjc4 ,he 0 ( an anci5t &    
hon\rable ,engli% /ock1 :o _h           
transplant$ !mselves1 on "o side f      
,*e%ire & ,b$=d%ire1 & on ! o!r f       
,durham & ,york1 a hundr$ & sev5ty ye>s 
be=e4 ,= sev5 or eight g5]ations 9 a    
direct & unbrok5 l9e 8 =efa!rs _h be5   
prea*]s & div9es1 n )\t em95ce 9 !      
,puritan tradition ( ,new ,engl&4 ,8    
second "n came into ! family ) ,rebecca 
,waldo1 ) :om at ! end ( ! sev5te5?     
c5tury "o ,edw>d ,em]son _h int]m>ri$1 &
 ^: family _h fl$ f ! ,wald5sian valleys
 & t slaught] ( ! sa9ts :i* ,milton     
call$ on ,heav5 to av5ge4 ,e tribut>y1  
!n1 t made ,em]son :at he 01 fl[$ n only
 f ,prote/antism1 b f '! ,prote/antism (
 ! ,prote/ant religion4' ,:5 we are told
 t ,puritanism inexorably lock$ up !    
intellig5ce ( its vot>ies 9 a d>k &     
/rait5$ *amb]1 x is wor?y to be rememb]$
 t ! g5ial1 op51 lucid1 & mo/           
compreh5sive m9d ( ,em]son 0 ! rip5$    
product ( a g5ealogical tree t at e /age

 ( its gr[? _h be5 vivifi$ by ,puritan  
sap4  ,n _m ye>s aft] 8 bir?1 ,em]son's 
"m 0 left a wid[ ) n>r[ means1 & he     
und]w5t ! :olesome tra9+ ( frugality 9  
y\?4 ,:5 ! "t came1 he 0 s5t to ,h>v>d4 
,:5 ,cl\gh visit$ ,am]ica a g5]ation    
lat]1 ! collegiate tra9+ does n appe> to
 h /ruck him v fav\rably4 ',!y le>n     
,fr5* & hi/ory & ,g]man1 & a great _m m 
?+s ?an 9 ,engl&1 b only imp]fectly4'   
,?is 0 said f ! /&>d ( ,rugby &         
,balliol1 & ! me?od t ,cl\gh calls      
imp]fect _h m]its ( its own4 ,! pupil   
lo/ mu* 9 a curriculum t _h a c]ta9     
rawness ab\t x1 comp>$ ) ! traditional  
culture t 0 at t mom5t 7#ahbj7 j beg9n+ 
to acquire a fre% hold )9 ! old gray    
quadrangles ( ,ox=d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !    
tra9+ at ,h>v>d /ruck few] ( ^?         
sup]flu\s roots 9 ! m9d1 :i* are only   
plant$ t !y may be pres5tly ca/ out aga9
 ) inf9ite di/raction & wa/e4  ,:5 8    
s*ool+ 0 ov]1 ,em]son began to prep>e   
himself = ! m9i/rations ( ! pulpit1 & 9 
#ahbf & #ahbg he prea*$ 9 div]s places4 

,two ye>s lat] he 0 orda9$1 & und]took !
 *>ge ( an important ,unit>ian ,*ur* 9  
,bo/on4 ,x 0 n v long be=e ! /ra9 ( =ms1
 comp>atively mod]ate z x 0 9 !         
,unit>ian body1 became too heavy to be  
borne4 ,em]son f\nd t he c\ld no long]  
accept ! usual view ( ! ,communion      
,s]vice1 ev5 9 its lea/ sacram5tal      
int]pretation4 ,to him ! rite 0 purely  
spiritual 9 orig9 & int5t1 & at ! be/   
only to be reta9$ z a commemoration4 ,! 
:ole _w1 he said1 _h be5 full ( idols & 
ord9ances & =ms1 :5 '! ,almighty ,god 0 
pleas$ to qualify & s5d =? a man to tea*
 m5 t !y mu/ s]ve him ) ! he>t2 t only t
 life 0 religi\s :i* 0 ?or\ghly good2 t 
sacrifice 0 smoke & =ms 7 %ad[s4 ,?is   
man liv$ & di$ true to t purpose2 & n[ )
 8 bless$ ^w & life be=e u1 ,*ri/ians   
mu/ cont5d t x is a matt] ( vital       
importance1 really a duty1 to           
commemorate him by a c]ta9 =m1 :e!r t =m
 be agreeable to _! und]/&+s or n4 ,is n
 ?is to make va9 ! gift ( ,god8 ,is n   
?is to make m5 =get t n =ms b duties--n 

names b righte\sness & love--are        
enjo9$8'  ,he 0 will+ to cont9ue !      
s]vice ) t explanation1 & on condition t
 he %\ld n himself p>take ( ! bread &   
w9e4 ,! congregation w\ld fa9 h kept "o 
^: transp>5t purity ( s\l _h atta*$ m   
?an 8 h]esy _h ali5at$4 ,b ! innovation 
0 too great1 & ,em]son resign$ 8 *>ge   
7#ahcb74 ,= "s five or six ye>s long] he
 cont9u$ occasionally to prea*1 & m ?an 
"o congregation w\ld h accept$ him4 ,b  
d\bts on ! subject ( public pray] began 
to weigh ^u 8 m9d4 ,he suspect$ !       
practice by :i* "o man (f]$ up pray]    
vic>i\sly & collectively = ! assembl$   
congregation4 ,0 n t too1 l ! ,communion
 ,s]vice1 a =m t t5d$ to dead5 ! _s8 ,"u
 ! influ5ce ( ?is & o!r scruples he     
f9ally ceas$ to prea* 7#ahch71 & told 8 
fri5ds t h5ce=? he mu/ f9d 8 pulpit 9 ! 
plat=m ( ! lectur]4 ',i see n1' he said1
 ':y ?is is n ! mo/ flexible ( all      
organs ( op9ion1 f its popul>ity & f its
 newness1 p]mitt+ y to say :at y ?9k1   
)\t any %ackles ( proscription4 ,!      

pulpit 9 our age c]ta9ly gives =? an    
ob/ruct$ & unc]ta9 s\nd2 & ! fai? ( ^? 9
 x1 if m5 ( g5ius1 may diff] s mu* f t (
 ^? "u x z to emb>rass ! consci5ce ( !  
speak]1 because s mu* is attribut$ to   
him f ! fact ( /&+ !re4' ,! lecture 0 an
 important discov]y1 & x has _h _m      
consequ5ces 9 ,am]ican culture4 ,among !
 m undesirable ( !m has be5 7c]ta9ly n 9
 ,em]son's own case7 ! importation ( !  
pulpit acc5t into subjects :]e "o w\ld  
be happi] ) out x4  ,e>li] 9 ! same ye> 
9 :i* he retir$ f 8 *ur* at ,bo/on1     
,em]son _h lo/ 8 "y wife4 ,?\gh we may  
well believe t he bore ^! agitations )  
self-control1 8 heal? suff]$1 & 9 ! spr+
 ( #ahcc he />t$ = ,europe4 ,he came to 
be accus$ ( say+ capti\s ?+s ab\t       
travell+4 ,!re are ?ree wants1 he said1 
t c nev] be satisfi$3 t ( ! ri* :o want 
some?+ m2 t ( ! sick :o want some?+     
diff]5t2 & t ( ! travell] :o says1      
,any:]e b "h4 ,_! re/lessness1 he told 8
 c\ntrym51 argu$ want ( "*4 ,!y 7       
infatuat$ ) '! rococo toy ( ,italy4' ,z 

if :at 0 true any:]e 7 n true ev]y:]e2 &
 z if a man1 g :]e he w1 c f9d m beauty 
or wor? ?an he c>ries4 ,all ?is 0 said1 
z we %all see t mu* else 0 said by      
,em]son1 by way ( reaction & prote/     
aga9/ in/ability ( s\l 9 ! p ar\nd him4 
',"h or n[h]e1' said ,goe! inv]sely to  
un/able ,europeans ye>n+ vaguely        
we/w>ds1 '"h or n[h]e is ?9e ,am]ica4'  
,to ! use ( travel = its own ends1      
,em]son 0 ( c\rse z mu* alive z o!r p4  
',!re is 9 e con/itution a c]ta9 sol/ice
 :5 ! />s /& /ill 9 our inw>d firmam5t1 
& :5 !re is requir$ "s =eign =ce1 "s    
div]sion or alt]ation1 to prev5t        
/agnation4 ,& z a m$ical rem$y1 travel  
seems "o ( ! be/4' ,he f\nd x s 9 #ahcc4
 ,b ?is & 8 two o!r voyages to ,europe  
make no ,odyssey4 ,:5 ,voltaire 0 press$
 to visit ,rome1 he decl>$ t he w\ld be 
bett] pleas$ ) "s new & free ,engli%    
book ?an ) all ! glories ( amphi!atre & 
( ar*4 ,em]son 9 l mann] seems to h     
?\ght m ( ! great writ]s :om he saw 9   
,europe ?an ( build+s or ( l&scapes4    

',am ,i1' he said1 ':o h hung ov] _!    
works 9 my *amb] at home1 n to see ^! m5
 9 ! fle%1 & ?ank !m1 & int]*ange "s    
?\ghts ) !m8' ,! two ,engli%m5 to :om he
 ow$ mo/ 7 ,col]idge & ,wordswor?2 & !  
y\ng] writ]1 "s eight ye>s old] ?an     
himself1 9 :om 8 livelie/ int]e/ _h be5 
k9dl$1 0 ,c>lyle4 ,he 0 =tunate en\gh to
 h conv]se ) all ?ree1 & he has told !  
_w h[ ^! illu/ri\s m5 9 _! sev]al       
fa%ions & degrees impress$ him4#b ,x 0  
,c>lyle :o /ruck him mo/4 ',_m a "t ^u !
 sea1 9 my homew>d voyage1 ,i rememb]$ )
 joy ! fav\r$ condition ( my lonely     
philosoph]1' *]i%+ visions m ?an div9e  
'9 8 /]n & bless$ solitude4' ,s ,c>lyle1
 ) no less cordiality1 decl>es t among !
 figures t he c\ld recollect z visit+ 8 
,ni?sdale h]mitage--'all l ,app>itions  
n[1 br++ ) !m airs f ,heav51 or ! bla/s 
f ! o!r region1 !re is n "o ( a m       
und\bt$ly sup]nal "* ?an y\rself2 s pure
 & /ill1 ) int5ts s *>itable2 & !n      
vani%+ too s soon into ! azure ,inane1 z
 an ,app>ition %\ld4'  ,footnote #b3    

,engli% ,traits1 #g-ah4 ,irel&1         
#adc-aeb4 ,fr\de's ,c>lyle1 ii4         
#cee-cei4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,9 ext]nal incid5t         
,em]son's life 0 unev5tful4 ,no?+ c\ld  
be simpl]1 ( m p]fect unity1 or m free f
 di/urb+ episodes t leaves sc>s on m54  
,9 #ahcd he settl$ 9 old ,concord1 !    
home ( 8 ance/ors1 !n 9 its ?ird c5tury4
 ',concord is v b>e1' wrote ,cl\gh1 :o  
made "s soj\rn !re 9 #aheb1 '& s is !   
c\ntry 9 g5]al2 x is a small sort (     
village1 almo/ entirely ( wood h\ses1   
pa9t$ :ite1 ) ,v5etian bl9ds1 gre5      
outside1 ) two :ite wood5 *ur*es4 ,!re  
are "s ,am]ican elms ( a weep+ k9d1 &   
sycamores1 i4e4 planes2 b ! wood is     
mo/ly p9e--:ite p9e & yell[ p9e--some:at
 scrubby1 occupy+ ! tops ( ! l[ banks1 &
 m>%y hay-l& betwe51 v br[n n[4 ,a      
little brook runs ?r\gh to ! ,concord   
,riv]4'#c ,! brook fl[$ across ! few    
acres t 7 ,em]son's fir/ mode/ home/ead4
 ',! :ole ext]nal appe>ance ( ! place1' 
says "o :o visit$ him1 'sugge/s         

old-fa%ion$ com=t & hospitality4 ,)9 !  
h\se ! flav\r ( antiquity is /ill m     
noticeable4 ,old pictures look d[n f !  
walls2 qua9t blue-&-:ite *9a holds !    
simple d9n]2 old furniture br+s to m9d !
 g5]ations ( ! pa/4 ,at ! "r z y ent] is
 ,mr4 ,em]son's libr>y1 a l>ge squ>e    
room1 pla9ly furni%$1 b made pleasant by
 pictures & sun%9e4 ,! homely %elves t  
l9e ! walls are well fill$ ) books4 ,!re
 is a lack ( %[y cov]s or ri* b9d+s1 &  
ea* volume seems to h sob]ly gr[n old 9 
con/ant s]vice4 ,mr4 ,em]son's /udy is a
 quiet room up/airs4'  ,footnote #c3    
,cl\gh's ,life & ,lett]s1 i4 #ahe4      
,fate did n sp>e him ! /rokes ( ! common
 lot4 ,8 fir/ wife di$ aft] ?ree %ort   
ye>s ( w$d$ happ9ess4 ,he lo/ a little  
son1 :o 0 ! light ( 8 eyes4 ,b o!rs 7   
born to him1 & 9 all ! relations &      
circum/ances ( dome/ic life he 0 "o ( ! 
be/ & mo/ belov$ ( m54 ,he long c>ri$ 9 
8 m9d ! picture ( ,c>lyle's life at     
,craig5puttock z ! ideal = ! sage1 b 8  
own *oice 0 f> wis] & happi]1 'n :olly 9

 ! busy _w1 nor q beyond x4'  ',besides 
my h\se1' he told ,c>lyle 9 #ahch1 ',i  
h1 ,i believe1 #bb1jjj doll>s1 ^: income
 9 ord9>y ye>s is six p] c5t4 ,i h no   
o!r ti! or glebe except ! income ( my   
w9t] lectures1 :i* 0 la/ w9t] #hjj      
doll>s4 ,well1 ) ?is income1 "h at home1
 ,i am a ri* man4 ,i /ay at home & g    
abroad at my own in/ance1 ,i h food1    
w>m?1 leisure1 books1 fri5ds4 ,g away f 
home1 ,i am ri* no long]4 ,i nev] h a   
doll> to sp5d on a fancy4 ,z no wise    
man1 ,i suppose1 ev] 0 ri* 9 ! s5se (   
fre$om to sp5d1 because ( ! inundation (
 claims1 s nei!r am ,i1 :o am n wise4 ,b
 at home ,i am ri*--ri* en\gh = t5      
bro!rs4 ,my wife ,lidian is an          
inc>nation ( ,*ri/ianity1--,i call h]   
,asia1--& keeps my philosophy f         
,ant9omianism2 my "m1 :ite/1 milde/1 mo/
 cons]vative ( ladies1 ^: only exception
 to h] univ]sal pref]5ce = old ?+s is h]
 son2 my boy1 a piece ( love & sun%9e1  
well wor? my wat*+ f morn+ to           
night2--^!1 & ?ree dome/ic wom51 :o cook

 & sew & run = u1 make all my h\sehold4 
,"h ,i sit & read & write1 ) v little   
sy/em1 &1 z f> z reg>ds composition1 ) !
 mo/ fragm5t>y result3 p>agraphs        
incompressible1 ea* s5t5ce an inf9itely 
repell5t p>ticle4  ',9 summ]1 ) ! aid ( 
a neighb\r1 ,i manage my g>d52 & a week 
ago ,i set out on ! we/ side ( my h\se  
=ty "y p9e trees to protect me or my son
 f ! w9d ( ,janu>y4 ,! ornam5t ( ! place
 is ! occasional pres5ce ( "s t5 or     
twelve p]sons1 good & wise1 :o visit u 9
 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4'  ,z "t w5t on he 0   
able to buy himself 'a new play?+'--a   
piece ( woodl&1 ( m ?an =ty acres1 on ! 
bord] ( a little lake half a mile wide  
or m1 call$ ,wald5 ,pond4 ',9 ^! ,may   
days1' he told ,c>lyle1 !n passionately 
/ruggl+ ) 8 ,cromwell1 ) ! slums (      
,*elsea at 8 back1 ':5 maples1 popl>s1  
oaks1 bir*es1 walnut1 & p9e1 are 9 _!   
spr+ glory1 ,i g ?i!r e aft]noon1 & cut 
) my hat*et an ,indian pa? ?r\gh !      
?icket1 all along ! bold %ore1 & op5 !  
f9e/ pictures' 7#ahde74  ,he lov$ to    

write at 'l>ge leisure 9 noble morn+s1  
op5$ by pray] or by read+s ( ,plato1 or 
:atsoev] else is de>e/ to ! ,morn+      
,muse4' ,yet he c\ld n :olly escape !   
recluse's malady4 ,he confesses t he    
sometimes craves 't /imulation :i* e    
caprici\s1 languid1 & languesc5t /udy   
ne$s4' ,c>lyle's pot5t conc5tration /irs
 8 envy4 ,! "w ( ! g>d5 & ! or*>d he    
f\nd v fasc9at+1 eat+ up days & weeks2  
'nay1 a brave s*ol> %\ld %un x l gambl+1
 & take refuge 9 cities & hotels f ^!   
p]nici\s en*antm5ts4'  ,9 ! do+s ( 8    
neighb\rhood he bore 8 "p2 he took a    
manly int]e/ 9 civil affairs1 & 0       
s5sible1 %rewd1 & helpful 9 matt]s (    
practical judgm5t4 ,pilgrims1 sane &    
insane1 ! be>dless & ! gray-head$1      
flock$ to 8 door1 f> beyond ! doz5      
p]sons good & wise :om he _h m5tion$ to 
,c>lyle4 ',unc]ta91 tr\bl$1 e>ne/ w&]]s 
?r\gh ! midnight ( ! moral _w beheld 8  
intellectual fire z a beacon burn+ on a 
hill-top1 & climb+ ! difficult asc5t1   
look$ =? into ! surr\nd+ obscurity m    

hopefully ?an hi!rto' 7,haw?orne74 ,to !
 mo/ intractable ( ,transc5d5tal bores1 
wor/ species ( ! g5us1 he 0 nev]        
impati5t1 nor d5i$ himself2 nor did he  
ev] refuse c\nsel :]e ! case 0 n yet    
beyond hope4 ,haw?orne 0 = a "t 8       
neighb\r 7#ahdb-de74 ',x 0 good1' says  
,haw?orne1 'to meet him 9 ! wood-pa?s1  
or sometimes 9 our av5ue1 ) t pure      
intellectual gleam diffus$ ab\t 8       
pres5ce l ! g>m5t ( a %9+ "o2 & he s    
quiet1 s simple1 s )\t pret5sion1       
enc\nt]+ ea* man alive z if expect+ to  
receive m ?an he c\ld imp>t4'  ,! mo/   
rem>kable ( all 8 neighb\rs 0 ,?oreau1  
:o = a c\ple ( ye>s liv$ 9 a hut :i* he 
_h built = himself on ! %ore ( ,wald5   
,pond4 ,if he _h n writt5 "s ?+s ) a    
consid]able *>m ( /yle1 ,?oreau might h 
be5 wisely neglect$ z "o ( ! crazy4 ,b  
,em]son 0 /ruck by ! orig9ality ( 8     
life1 & ?\ght x well 9 "t to edit !     
writ+s ( "o ':o 0 br$ to no pr(ession2  
nev] m>ri$2 liv$ alone2 nev] w5t to     
,*ur*2 nev] vot$2 refus$ to pay a tax to

 ! ,/ate2 ate no fle%1 drank no w9e1    
nev] knew ! use ( tobacco2 _h no        
temptations to fight aga9/1 no          
appetites1 no passions1 refus$ all      
invitations1 pref]r$ a good ,indian to  
highly cultivat$ p1 & said he w\ld r g  
to ,oregon ?an to ,london4' ,! _w has   
room = e type1 s t x be n actively      
noxi\s1 & ?is :imsical egoti/ may well h
 8 place 9 ! catalogue4 ,he 01 aft] all1
 9 8 life only a comp5dium1 on a scale  
l>ge en\gh to %[ _! absurdity1 ( all ^? 
unsocial notions :i* ,em]son 9 o!r      
manife/ations f\nd x ne$ful to rebuke4  
,yet we may agree t _m ( 8 p>adoxes     
/rike home ) ,socratic =ce to ! he>t ( a
 civilisation t wise m5 "k to be too    
purely mat]ial1 too artificial1 & too   
caprici\sly diffus$4  ,em]son himself 0 
too sane ev] to fall into ! h]mit's trap
 ( bani%m5t to ! rocks & e*oes4         
',solitude1' he said1 'is impracticable1
 & society fatal4' ,he /e]$ 8 way z be/ 
he c\ld betwe5 ^! two irreconcilable    
necessities4 ,he _h1 z we h se51 ! good 

s5se to make = himself a call+ :i*      
br\ght him into heal?y contact ) bodies 
( m51 & made x ess5tial t he %\ld h 8   
li/5]s 9 "s degree 9 8 m9d1 ev5 :5 !y 7 
n actually pres5t to ! eye4 ,z a prea*] 
,em]son has be5 describ$ z mak+ a deep  
impression on susceptible he>]s ( a     
quiet m9d1 by '! calm dignity ( 8 be>+1 
! abs5ce ( all oratorical ef=t1 & !     
s+ul> simplicity & directness ( a mann] 
free f ! lea/ trace ( dogmatic          
assumption4' ',n long be=e1' says ?is   
witness1 ',i _h li/5$ to a wond]ful     
s]mon by ,*alm]s1 ^: =ce & en]gy1 &     
vehem5t b r turgid eloqu5ce1 c>ri$ = !  
mom5t all be=e him--8 audi5ce becom+ l  
clay 9 ! h&s ( ! pott]4 ,b ,i mu/       
confess t ! pregnant ?\ghts & s]5e      
self-possession ( ! "y ,bo/on m9i/] _h a
 great] *>m = me ?an all ! rhetorical   
spl5d\rs ( ,*alm]s' 7,irel&1 #ada74  ,at
 ! lectur]'s desk ! same attraction made
 itself /ill m effectually felt4 ',i h  
he>d "s great speak]s & "s accompli%$   
orators1' ,mr4 ,l[ell says1 'b nev] any 

t s mov$ & p]suad$ m5 z he4 ,!re is a   
k9d ( und]tone 9 t ri* b>ytone ( 8 t    
sweeps our m9ds f _! foo?old into deep  
wat]s ) a drift t we _c & w\ld n resi/4 
,se>* = 8 eloqu5ce 9 8 books & y w      
p]*ance miss x1 b mean:ile y w f9d t x  
has k9dl$ all y\r ?\ghts4' ,! same      
effect 0 felt 9 its degree :]ev] he w5t1
 & he took pa9s n to miss x4 ,he _h made
 a /udy ( 8 art1 & 0 s skilful 9 8 ma/]y
 ( x t x seem$ z if anybody might d all 
t he did & d x z well--if only a hundr$ 
failures _h n prov$ ! mi/ake4  ,9 #ahch 
,em]son deliv]$ an address 9 ! ,div9ity 
,s*ool ( ,h>v>d1 :i* produc$ a gu/y %[] 
( articles1 s]mons1 & pamphlets1 & rais$
 him )\t w or fur!r act ( 8 to ! high   
place ( ! h]esi>*4 ,) admirable s+l5ess 
( m9d1 he held mode/ly alo(4 ',!re is no
 s*ol>1' he wrote to a fri5d1 'less     
will+ or less able to be a polemic4 ,i  
c\ld n give acc\nt ( myself if *all5g$4 
,i delight 9 tell+ :at ,i ?9k1 b if y   
ask me h[ ,i d>e say s1 or :y x is s1 ,i
 am ! mo/ helpless ( m51' ,! ye> be=e1 8

 oration on ! ,am]ican ,s*ol> _h fill$  
,c>lyle ) delight4 ,x 0 ! fir/ cle>     
utt]ance1 aft] long decades ( ye>s1 9   
:i* he _h 'he>d no?+ b inf9ite jangl+ & 
jabb]+1 & in>ticulate twitt]+ &         
scree*+4' ,!n ,c>lyle enjo9$ on 8       
,am]ican fri5d = rule ( life1 ',give no 
e> to any man's praise or c5sure2 "k t t
 is n x2 on ! "o side is z ,heav51 if y 
h /r5g? to keep sil5t & climb unse52 yet
 on ! o!r side1 yawn+ always at "o's "r 
h& & "o's left1 is ! frightfulle/ ,abyss
 & ,p&emonium' 7,dec4 #h1 #ahcg74       
,em]son's temp]am5t & 8 :ole me?od made 
! w>n+ ne$less1 &1 z be=e1 :ile         
'vocif]\s platitude 0 d9n+ 8 e>s on all 
sides1' a :ole _w ( ?\ght 0 'sil5tly    
build+ itself 9 ^! calm dep?s4' ,b :at  
w\ld ^? two div9ities ( 81 ,plato &     
,socrates1 h said ( a man :o 'c\ld n    
give an acc\nt ( himself if *all5g$'8   
,assur$ly n e "o :o sai? ,plato1 ,plato1
 is admitt$ to t ideal k+dom4  ,x 0 soon
 aft] ?is t ! ,dial 0 project$4 ,x _h   
its orig9 9 ! ,transc5d5tal ,club1 a    

little knot ( speculative /ud5ts at     
,bo/on1 :o met f\r or five times a ye>  
at "o ano!r's h\ses to discuss que/ions 
ma9ly !ological1 f m lib]al po9ts ( view
 ?an 0 at t "t common1 '! air !n 9      
,am]ica gett+ a little too close &      
/agnant4' ,! ,club 0 fir/ =m$ 9 #ahcf4  
,! ,dial appe>$ 9 #ahdj1 & w5t on = f\r 
ye>s at qu>t]ly int]vals4 ,em]son 0 a   
con/ant contributor1 & = ! la/ half (   
its exi/5ce he act$ z editor4 ',i       
submitt$1' he told ,c>lyle1 'to :at     
seem$ a necessity ( petty lit]>y        
patriotism--,i "k n :at else to call    
x--& took *>ge ( our ?ankless little    
,dial "h1 )\t subscrib]s en\gh to pay   
ev5 a publi%]1 mu* less any lab\r]2 x   
has no p5ny = editor or contributor1    
no?+ b abuse 9 ! newspap]s1 or1 at be/1 
sil5ce2 b x s]ves z a sort ( portfolio1 
to c>ry ab\t a few poems or s5t5ces :i* 
w\ld o!rwise be transcrib$ or circulat$1
 & we always are wait+ until somebody   
%all come & make x good4 ,b ,i took x1 &
 x took me & a great deal ( good "t to a

 small purpose' 7,july #a1 #ahdb74 ,on !
 :ole "o mu/ agree t x 0 to small       
purpose4 ,em]son's "n has reflect$ lu/re
 on ! ,dial1 b :5 8 contributions are   
tak5 out1 &1 say1 half a doz5 besides1 !
 residuum is 9 ! ma9 v poor /uff1 & "s (
 x has a droll resemblance to ! talk    
betwe5 ,mrs4 ,hom9y & ! ,lit]>y ,ladies 
& ! ,hon\rable ,elijah ,pogram4 ,m>g>et 
,full]--! ,mir&a1 ,z5obia1 ,hypatia1    
,m9]va ( h] "t1 & a truly rem>kable     
figure 9 ! gall]y ( wond]ful wom5--edit$
 x = two ye>s1 & contribut$ _m a vivid1 
da%+1 exub]ant1 ebulli5t page4 ,h]      
criticism ( ,goe!1 = example1 conta9s no
 f9al or valid ^w1 b x is fre%1 cordial1
 & frank1 & no o!r prose contributor1   
aga9 sav+ ! "o great "n1 has any?+ to   
say t is s readable4 ,ne>ly all ! re/ is
 ext9ct1 & ! ,dial n[ f9ds itself f>    
away f ! sun%9e ( human int]e/4  ,9     
#ahda ! fir/ s]ies ( ,em]son's ,essays 0
 publi%$1 & ?ree ye>s lat] ! second4 ,! 
,poems 7 fir/ collect$ 9 #ahdg1 b ! f9al
 v]sion 0 n made until #ahgf4 ,9 #ahdg  

,em]son paid 8 second visit to ,engl&1 &
 deliv]$ 8 lectures on ,repres5tative   
,m51 collect$ & publi%$ 9 #ahej4 ,!     
books are said to h _h a v sl[ sale1 b !
 essays & lectures publi%$ 9 #ahfj1 ) ! 
g5]al title ( ,! ,conduct ( ,life1 />t$ 
) a sale ( #b1ejj copies1 ?\gh t volume 
has nev] be5 consid]$ by ! ,em]sonian   
adept to conta9 mo/ ( ! pure milk ( !   
,^w4  ,!n came t great ev5t 9 ! hi/ory (
 m5 & in/itutions1 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,we    
look ) anxiety = ! "p play$ by ! s]5e   
?9k] :5 ! h\r _h /ruck = viol5t & h]oic 
action4 ,em]son _h hi!rto be5 a ,free   
,soil]2 he _h oppos$ ! ext5sion (       
slav]y2 & he fav\r$ its compulsory      
ext9ction1 ) comp5sation on ! plan ( our
 own policy 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,he _h    
nev] jo9$ ! active ,abolitioni/s1 nor   
did he see 't !re 0 any p>ticul> ?+ =   
him to d 9 x !n4' ',?\gh ,i sometimes   
accept a popul> call1 & prea* on        
,temp]ance or ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y1 ,i
 am sure to feel1 be=e ,i h done ) x1   
:at an intrusion x is into ano!r sph]e1 

& s mu* loss ( virtue 9 my own' 7,to    
,c>lyle1 #ahdd74 ,b he miss$ no occasion
 ( %[+ t 9 conviction & aim he 0 ) good 
m54 ,! infirmities ( fanatics nev] hid f
 him ei!r ! transc5d5t purity ( _!      
motives or ! gr&eur ( _! cause4 ,?is is 
ev] ! te/ ( ! s*ol>3 :e!r he all[s      
intellectual fa/idi\sness to /& betwe5  
him & ! great issues ( 8 "t4 ',_c !     
,engli%1' he cri$ out to ,c>lyle1 'leave
 cavill+ at petty failures & bad mann]s 
& at ! dunce "p1 & leap to ! sugge/ions 
& f+]-po9t+s ( ! gods1 :i*1 above !     
und]/&+1 fe$ ! hopes & guide ! wills (  
m58' ,^! f+]-po9t+s ,em]son did n       
mi/ake4 ,he spoke up = ,g>rison4 ,john  
,br[n 0 sev]al times 9 ,concord1 & f\nd 
a he>ty welcome 9 ,em]son's h\se4 ,:5   
,br[n made 8 raid at ,h>p]'s ,f]ry1 & ! 
crisis became gradually %>p]1 ,em]son   
felt t ! "t _h come1 & 8 voice 0 rais$ 9
 cle> tones4 ,aft] ! sword is drawn1 x  
is de$s n words t int]e/ & decide2 b    
:5ev] ! ^w ( ! /ud5t 0 ne$$ ,em]son 0   
ready to give ! highe/ expression to all

 t 0 be/ 9 8 c\ntrym5's mood dur+ t     
greate/ ordeal ( our "t4 ,! inw>d       
reg5]ation ( ! individual _h ev] be5 !  
key to 8 tea*+1 & ?is tea*+ _h be5 "o ( 
! =ces t1 l c5tral fire 9 m5's m9ds1    
n\ri%$ ! h]oism ( ! ,nor? 9 its immortal
 battle4  ,! exaltation ( national "*   
produc$ by ! ,civil ,w> op5$ new & wid] 
acceptance = a great moral & spiritual  
tea*]1 & f ! close ( ! w> until 8 dea? 9
 #ahhb1 ,em]son's asc5d5cy )9 8 own     
sph]e ( action 0 complete1 & ! public   
recognition ( him univ]sal4 ,( /ory1 !re
 is no m to tell4 ,he pursu$ 8 old way (
 read+1 m$itat+1 conv]s+1 & public      
lectur+1 almo/ to ! end4 ,! aft]noon ( 8
 life 0 cl\dless z ! e>li] day1 & !     
%ades ( twilight fell 9 unbrok5 s]5ity4 
,9 8 la/ ye>s !re 0 a p>tial failure ( 8
 memory1 & m ?an "o pa!tic /ory is told 
( ?is tranquil & gradual eclipse4 ,b 'to
 ! la/1 ev5 :5 ! ev5ts ( ye/]day 7      
occasionally obscur$1 8 memory ( !      
remote pa/ 0 uncl\d$2 he w\ld tell ab\t 
! fri5ds ( 8 e>ly & middle life )       

unbrok5 vig\r4' ,s1 t5d$ 9 8 home by w>m
 filial devotion1 & surr\nd$ by ! rev]5t
 k9dness ( 8 village neighb\rs1 ?is wise
 & b5ign man sl[ly pass$ away 7,april   
#bg1 #ahhb74d  ,footnote #d3 ,! read] :o
 seeks full in=mation ab\t ,em]son's    
life w f9d x scatt]$ 9 v>i\s volumes3   
among !m are--  ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son2  
by ,george ,willis ,cooke 7,sampson ,l[ 
,co41 #ahhb7--;a v dilig5t & in/ructive 
"w4  ,r4,w4,e42 by ,alex&] ,irel&       
7,simpk91 ,m>%all1  ,co4 #ahhb71        
describ$ by ,c>lyle1 & kn[n by o!rs1 z  
'full ( en]gy & broad sagacity &        
practicality2 inf9itely well affect$ to 
! man ,em]son too1'--& full moreov] ( t 
intellectual en?usiasm :i* 9 8 ,scot*   
c\ntrym5 goes s (t5 ) _! practicalities4
  ,em]son1 at ,home & ,abroad2 by       
,moncure ,d4 ,conway 7,trbn]  ,co41     
#ahhc73 ! "w ( a fai?ful disciple1 :o   
knew ,em]son well1 & has "h record$ _m  
int]e/+ anecdotes & traits4     ,,ii4   
,x _c be truly said t ,em]son is "o ( ! 
writ]s :o make _! way m easily into our 

m9ds by virtue ( /yle4 ,t 8 writ+ has   
quality & flav\r none b a pure p$ant    
w\ld d5y4 ,8 m f]v5t vot>ies1 h[ev]1    
provoke u ) a *all5ge t goes f> beyond  
?is4 ,!y decl>e t ! f9i%1 *>m1 & beauty 
( ! writ+ are z wor?y ( rem>k z ! tru? &
 dep? ( ! ?\ght4 ,x is ev5 'unmat*able &
 radiant1' says "o4 ,su* exagg]ations c 
h no ref]5ce to any accept$ /&>d4 ,x    
w\ld 9 tru?1 h be5 a m>vel if ,em]son _h
 excell$ 9 ! virtues ( ! writt5 page1 = 
mo/ ( 8 publi%$ "w 0 orig9ally compos$ &
 us$ = ! plat=m4 ,ev]ybody kn[s h[      
diff]5t are ! speak]'s devices = ga9+   
possession ( 8 audi5ce1 f ! writ]'s     
means ( w9n+1 p]suad+1 & impress+ !     
att5tion ( 8 read]4 ,! key to ! diff]5ce
 may be t 9 ! spee* ! p]sonality ( !    
orator be=e our eyes gives ( itself t   
on5ess & cont9uity ( communication1 :i* 
! writ] has to seek 9 ! ord]ly sequ5ce &
 array ( m>%all$ s5t5ce & well-su/a9$   
p]iod4 ,"o ( ! traits t e critic notes 9
 ,em]son's writ+1 is t x is s abrupt1 s 
sudd5 9 its transitions1 s discont9u\s1 

s inconsecutive4 ,dislike ( a s5t5ce t  
drags made him unconsci\s ( ! quality1 t
 ,fr5* critics "n c\lant4 ,ev]y?+ is    
?r[n 9 j z x comes1 & sometimes !       
pell-mell is en\gh to p]suade u t ,pope 
did n exagg]ate :5 he said t no "o      
qualification is s likely to make a good
 writ]1 z ! p[] ( reject+ 8 own ?\ghts4 
,8 mann] z a lectur]1 says ,dr4 ,holmes1
 0 an illu/ration ( 8 way ( ?9k+4 ',he  
w\ld lose 8 place j z 8 m9d w\ld drop   
its ?\ght & pick up ano!r1 tw5tie? c\s9 
or no relation at all to x4' ,! same    
mann]1 :e!r we lik5 x to mosaic or to   
kaleidoscope1 m>ks 8 writ+4 ,x makes him
 h>d to foll[1 oracul>1 & enigmatical4  
',c y tell me1' ask$ "o ( 8 neighb\r1   
:ile ,em]son 0 lectur+1 ':at connection 
!re is betwe5 t la/ s5t5ce & ! "o t w5t 
be=e1 & :at connection x all has )      
,plato8' ',none1 my fri5d1 save 9 ,god6'
 ,?is is excell5t 9 a se]1 b less s 9 ! 
writ]4  ,ap>t f 8 difficult /accato1    
,em]son is n free f second>y faults4 ,he
 uses words t are n only odd1 b vici\s 9

 con/ruction2 he is n always            
grammatically correct2 he is sometimes  
oblique1 & he is (t5 clumsy2 & !re is a 
visible feel+ aft] epigrams t d n always
 come4 ,:5 p say t ,em]son's /yle mu/ be
 good & admirable because x fits 8      
?\ght1 !y =get t ?\gh x is well t a robe
 %\ld fit1 !re is /ill some?+ to be said
 ab\t its cut & fa%ion4  ,no d\bt1 to   
borr[ ,c>lyle's expression1 '! tal5t is 
n ! *ief "q "h3 ! idea--t is ! *ief "q4'
 ,we d n pr(ess to be ( ^? to :om m]e   
/yle is z de> z x 0 to ,plut>*2 ( him x 
0 said t he w\ld h made ,pompey w9 !    
battle ( ,ph>salia1 if x c\ld h giv5 a  
bett] turn to a phrase4 ,x w\ld n be    
wor? :ile to speak ( =m 9 a ?9k] to :om 
our debt is s l>ge = 8 matt]1 if !re 7 n
 s mu* bad lit]>y imitation ( ,em]son4  
,dr4 ,holmes m\rnfully admits t '"o :o  
talks l ,em]son or l ,c>lyle soon f9ds  
himself surr\nd$ by a cr[d ( walk+      
phonographs1 :o me*anically reproduce 8 
m5tal & oral acc5ts4 ,em]son 0 be=e long
 talk+ 9 ! mid/ ( a babbl+ ,simonetta ( 

e*oes4' ,inf]ior writ]s h copi$ ! tones 
( ! oracle )\t fir/ mak+ sure ( !       
inspiration4 ,!y =get t a platitude is n
 turn$ into a pr(undity by be+ dress$ up
 z a conundrum4 ,pi?9ess 9 him dw9dles  
into t5uity 9 !m2 hone/ discont9uity 9 !
 ma/] is made an excuse = f9ical        
incoh]5cies 9 ! disciples2 ! qua9t1     
+5i\s1 & unexpect$ collocations ( !     
orig9al deg5]ate 9 ! imitators into a   
trick ( unmean+ surprise & vapid        
anti!sis2 & 8 pregnant s5t5ti\sness set 
! fa%ion ( a s5t5ti\sness t is n        
f]tility b only hydropsy4 ,?is curi\s   
infection1 :i* has spread into div]s =ms
 ( ,am]ican lit]ature t are f> remov$ f 
philosophy1 w\ld h be5 impossible if !  
tea*] _h be5 z p]fect 9 expression z he 
0 pure1 dilig5t1 & h>moni\s 9 8 ?9k+4   
,yet1 z happ5s to all f9e m9ds1 !re came
 to ,em]son ways ( expression deeply    
m>k$ ) "*4 ,on e page !re is set ! /rong
 /amp ( s9c]ity1 & ! attraction ( a     
c]ta9 artlessness2 ! mo/ awkw>d s5t5ce  
r+s true2 & !re is (t5 a pure & simple  

note t t\*es u m ?an if x 7 ! p]fection 
( elaborat$ melody4 ,! unc\? procession 
( ! p]iods discloses ! travail ( !      
?\ght1 & t too is a k9d ( eloqu5ce4 ,an 
hone/ read] easily =gives ! rude jolt or
 unexpect$ />t1 :5 x %[s a ?9k]         
fai?fully work+ 8 way along ardu\s &    
unworn tracks4 ,ev5 at ! r\ghe/1 ,em]son
 (t5 int]jects a delightful cad5ce4 ,z  
he says ( ,l&or1 8 s5t5ces are cubes :i*
 w /& firm1 place !m h[ or :]e y w4 ,he 
criticis$ ,sw$5borg = be+ sup]flu\sly   
explanatory1 & hav+ an exagg]at$ feel+ (
 ! ignorance ( m54 ',m5 take tru?s ( ?is
 nature1' said ,em]son1 'v fa/2' & 8 own
 /yle does no d\bt v boldly take ?is    
capacity = grant$ 9 u4 ,9 '*oice & pi? (
 diction1' aga91 ( :i* ,mr4 ,l[ell      
speaks1 he hits ! m>k ) a felicity t is 
almo/ 8 own 9 ?is g5]ation4 ,he is t]se1
 conc5trat$1 & free f ! important blund]
 ( mi/ak+ intellectual dawdl+ =         
m$itation4 ,nor 9 f9e does 8 abruptness 
ev] imp$e a true urbanity4 ,! acc5t is  
homely & ! app>el pla91 b 8 be>+ has a  

fri5dl9ess1 a c\rtesy1 a hospitable     
humanity1 :i* goes ne>] to our he>ts ?an
 ei!r lit]>y decoration or rhetorical   
unction4 ,t mode/ & l5i5t fell[-feel+   
:i* gave su* *>m to 8 companion%ip      
brea!s 9 8 grave/ writ+1 & prev5ts u f  
f9d+ any page ( x cold or h>d or dry4   
,?\gh ,em]son 0 always urg5t = '! s\l ( 
! _w1 clean f all ve/ige ( tradition1'  
yet 8 "w is full ( lit]ature4 ,he at    
lea/ l5ds no support to ! com=t+ fallacy
 ( ! indol5t1 t orig9at+ p[] does n g ) 
assimilat+ p[]4 ,few ?9k]s on 8 level   
display su* bread? ( lit]>y ref]5ce4    
,unlike ,wordswor?1 :o 0 cont5t ) a few 
tatt]$ volumes on a kit*5 %elf1 ,em]son 
work$ among books4 ,:5 he 0 a boy he    
f\nd a volume ( ,montaigne1 & he nev]   
=got ! delight & wond] 9 :i* he liv$ )  
x4 ,8 libr>y is describ$ z fill$ )      
well-select$ au?ors1 ) curi\s works f ! 
ea/]n _w1 ) _m editions 9 bo? ,greek &  
,engli% ( 8 fav\rite ,plato2 :ile       
portraits ( ,%akespe>e1 ,montaigne1     
,goe!1 ,dante1 look$ d[n ^u him f !     

walls4 ,produce a volume ( ,plato or (  
,%akespe>e1 he says some:]e1 or 'only   
rem9d u ( _! names1' & in/antly we come 
into a feel+ ( longevity4 ,t is !       
s*ol>'s spee*4 ,op5+ a s+le essay at    
r&om1 we f9d 9 x citations f            
,montesquieu1 ,s*ill]1 ,milton1         
,h]odotus1 ,%elley1 ,plut>*1 ,frankl91  
,bacon1 ,van ,helmont1 ,goe!4 ,s little 
does ,em]son l5d himself to ! idle      
vanity ( seek+ all ! treasures ( wisdom 
9 8 own head1 or neglect+ ! ho>d$       
au?ority ( ! ages4 ,x is true t he held 
! unholy op9ion t a translation is z    
good z ! orig9al1 or bett]4 ,nor ne$ we 
suppose t he knew t pi\s s5sation ( !   
book-lov]1 ! feel ( a libr>y2 t he _h   
any ( ! collector's amiable fooli%ness  
ab\t r>e editions2 or t he n\ri%$ fe/ive
 ?\ghts ( 't company ( hone/ old fell[s 
9 _! lea!rn jackets 9 8 /udy1' z        
comrades 9 a sob] old-_w conviviality4  
,8 books 7 = spiritual use1 l maps &    
*>ts ( ! m9d ( man1 & n mu* = 'excell5ce
 ( div]tisem5t4' ,he _h ! gift ( br++ 8 

read+ to be> easily ^u ! t5or ( 8 mus+s1
 & knew h[ to use books z an aid to     
?9k+1 in/ead ( lett+ !m take ! edge (f  
?\ght4 ,!re 0 assur$ly no?+ ( ! compil] 
or ! erudite collegian 9 him4 ,x is a   
grav] defect t he introduces ! great    
names ( lit]ature )\t reg>d = true      
hi/orical p]spective 9 _! place1 ei!r 9 
relation to "o ano!r1 or to ! special   
phases ( social *ange & %ift+ "t4 ,/ill 
let 8 admir]s n =get t ,em]son 0 9 8 own
 way ,s*ol> no less ?an ,sage4  ,a ^w or
 two mu/ be said ( ,em]son's v]ses4 ,he 
disclaim$1 = 8 own "p1 any belief t !y 7
 poems4 ,en?usia/s1 h[ev]1 h be5 f\nd to
 decl>e t ,em]son 'moves m con/antly ?an
 any rec5t poet 9 ! atmosph]e ( poesy4  
,s9ce ,milton & ,sp5s] no man--n ev5    
,goe!--has equall$ ,em]son 9 ?is trait4'
 ,! ,problem1 accord+ to ano!r1 'is     
:olly unique1 & transc5ds all           
contempor>y v]se 9 gr&eur ( /yle4' ,su* 
poetry1 !y say1 is l ,we/m9/] ,abbey1   
'?\gh ! ,abbey is inf]ior 9 boldness4'  
,yet1 /rangely en\gh1 :ile ,em]son's    

poetic =m is symbolis$ by ! fl[+ l9es ( 
,go?ic ar*itecture1 x is also 'ak9 to   
,doric sev]ity4' ,) all ! good w 9 ! _w1
 ,i d n f9d myself able to rise to ^!   
heights2 9 fact1 !y r seem to des]ve    
,wordswor?'s description1 z m]e         
obliquities ( admiration4  ,tak5 z a    
:ole1 ,em]son's poetry is ( t k9d :i*   
spr+s1 n f excitem5t ( passion or feel+1
 b f an intellectual dem& = int5se &    
sublimat$ expression4 ,we see ! /ep t   
lifts him /raight f prose to v]se1 & t  
/ep is ! %orte/ possible4 ,! flight is  
awkw>d & ev5 unc\?1 z if nature _h      
int5d$ feet r ?an w+s4 ,x is h>d to feel
 ( ,em]son1 any m ?an ,wordswor? c\ld   
feel ( ,goe!1 t 8 poetry is inevitable4 
,! measure1 ! col\r1 ! imag9ative       
figures1 are ! product ( se>*1 n (      
spontane\s movem5ts ( s5sation &        
reflection comb9+ 9 a h>mony t is       
delightful to ! e>4 ,!y are ! outcome ( 
a discont5t ) prose1 n ( t high-/rung   
s5sibility :i* compels ! true poet into 
v]se4 ,?is mu/ n be said )\t exception4 

,! ,?r5ody1 writt5 aft] ! dea? ( a      
deeply lov$ *ild1 is a beautiful &      
impressive lam5t4 ,pieces l             
,musquetaquid1 ! ,adirondacs1 !         
,sn[/orm1 ,! ,humble-,bee1 are pretty & 
pleasant bits ( pa/oral4 ,9 all we feel 
! pure brea? ( nature1 &                
,! primal m9d1    ,t fl[s 9 /reams1 t   
brea!s 9 w9d4  ,!re is a c]ta9 *>m (    
naivet1 t recalls ! unv>ni%$ simplicity 
( ! ,italian pa9t]s be=e ,raphael4 ,b :o
 %all say t he discov]s t 'spontane\s   
ov]fl[ ( p[]ful feel+1' :i* a great poet
 has made ! fundam5tal elem5t ( poetry8 
,!re are too few melodi\s progressions2 
! melt+ ( ! ?\ght ) natural images & )  
human feel+ is incomplete2 we miss ! *>m
 ( p]fect assimilation1 fusion1 &       
incorporation2 & 9 ! mid/ ( all ! vig\r 
& c\rage ( 8 "w1 ,em]son has almo/      
=gott5 t x is "p ( ! poet's bus9ess to  
give pleasure4 ,x is true t pleasure is 
sometimes und\bt$ly to be _h f v]se t is
 n above m$iocrity1 & ,wordswor? once   
design$ to write an essay exam9+ :y bad 

poetry pleases4 ,poetry t pleases may be
 bad1 b x is equally true t no poetry   
:i* fails to please c be really good4   
,"s "o says t gems ( expression make    
,em]son's essays oracul> & 8 v]se       
prophetic4 ,b1 to borr[ ,horace's       
well-kn[n phrase1 'tis n en\gh t poems  
%\ld be sublime2 dulcia sunto1--!y mu/  
be t\*+ & sympa!tic4 ,only a bold critic
 w say t ?is is a m>k ( ,em]son's poems4
 ,!y are too nak$1 unrelat$1 & cosmic2  
too little clad ) ! ve/ure ( human      
associations4 ,light & %ade d n alt]nate
 9 w9n+ & ri* relief1 & z ,c>lyle f\nd  
x1 ! radiance is '?9 pi]c+1' leav+ none 
( ! sweet & dim recesses s de> to ! lov]
 ( nature4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 well be      
cont5t to leave a man ( ,em]son's       
calibre to *oose 8 own ex]cises4 ,x is  
be/ to suppose t he knew :at he 0 ab\t  
:5 he w&]$ into ! fairyl& ( v]se1 & t 9 
su* mom5ts he f\nd no?+ bett] to 8 h&4  
,yet if we are bidd5 to place him among 
! poets1 x is en\gh to op5 ,keats at !  
,ode to a ,night+ale1 or ,%elley at ,!  

,cl\d1 ! ,skyl>k1 or ! ,s5sitive ,plant1
 or ,wordswor? at ,t9t]n ,abbey1 or     
,goe! at ,das ,gttli*e1 or ,victor ,hugo
 9 ! ,contemplations4 ,!n 9 spite (     
occasional =mality ( rhy?m & artifice 9 
ornam5t1 we _c *oose b p]ceive h[       
tuneful is _! music1 h[ opul5t !        
res\rces ( _! imag9ation1 h[ v>i\s1     
subtle1 & p5etrat+ _! aff9ity = ! =tunes
 & sympa?ies ( m51 & next h[ mode/ a    
portion ( all ^! r>e & exquisite        
qualifications reveals itself 9 ! v]se (
 ,em]son4     ,,iii4   ,few m9ds ( !    
fir/ ord] t h busi$ !mselves 9          
contemplat+ ! m>* ( human =tunes1 h m>*$
 =w>d 9 a /raight l9e ( philosophic     
speculation unbrok5 to ! end4 ,l ,burke1
 l ,col]idge1 l ,wordswor?1 at a giv5   
po9t !y h a return ^u !mselves4 ,hav+   
ma/]$ ! tru?s ( "o side1 _! eyes op5 to 
:at is true on ! o!r2 ! "w ( revolution 
f9i%$ or begun1 !y exp]i5ce fatigue &   
reaction4 ,9 ,haw?orne's romance1 aft]  
,miles ,cov]dale _h pass$ 8 spr+ & summ]
 among ! ,utopians ( ,bli!dale1 he felt 

t ! "t _h come :5 he mu/ = %e] sanity's 
sake g & hold a little talk ) !         
,cons]vatives1 ! m]*ants1 ! politicians1
 '& all ^? respectable old blockheads1  
:o /ill 9 ?is intangibility & mi/9ess ( 
affairs kept a dea?-grip on "o or two   
ideas :i* _h n come into vogue s9ce     
ye/]day morn+4' ',no sagaci\s man1' says
 ,haw?orne1 'w long reta9 8 sagacity if 
he lives exclusively among re=m]s &     
progressive p1 )\t p]iodically return+  
into ! settl$ sy/em ( ?+s1 to correct   
himself by a new obs]vation f t old     
/&-po9t4' ,yet good m5 rightly hop$ t   
'out ( ! v ?\ghts t 7 wilde/ & mo/      
de/ructive might gr[ a wisdom1 holy1    
calm1 & pure1 & t %\ld inc>nate itself )
 ! sub/ance ( a noble & happy life4' ,n[
 t we are able to look back on ! crisis 
( ! times t ,haw?orne describes1 we     
p]ceive t x 0 z he expect$1 & t 9 !     
p]son ( ,em]son ! f]m5t & dissolv5cy (  
?\ght work$ itself out 9 a /ra9 ( wisdom
 ( ! highe/ & pure/4  ,9 #ahdb ,em]son  
told ,c>lyle1 9 v9dication ( ! ,dial &  

its transc5d5talisms1 t if ! direction (
 _! speculations 0 z deplorable z       
,c>lyle decl>$1 x 0 yet a rem>kable fact
 = hi/ory t all ! bright "y m5 & "y wom5
 9 ,new ,engl&1 'q ignorant ( ea* o!r1  
take ! _w s1 & come & make confession to
 fa!rs & mo!rs--! boys1 t !y d n wi% to 
g into trade2 ! girls1 t !y d n l morn+ 
calls & ev5+ p>ties4 ,!y are all        
religi\s1 b hate ! *ur*es2 !y reject all
 ! ways ( liv+ ( o!r m51 b h none to (f]
 9 _! /ead4'  ,x is wor? :ile to        
transcribe f ! ,dial itself ! sc5e at "o
 ( ! _m ,bo/onian ,conv5tions ( t       
date--! ,fri5ds ( ,univ]sal ,progress1 9
 #ahdj3--',! composition ( ! ,assembly 0
 ri* & v>i\s4 ,! s+ul>ity & latitude ( !
 summons drew toge!r1 f all p>ts ( ,new 
,engl&1 & also f ! ,middle ,/ates1 m5 ( 
e %ade ( op9ion1 f ! /raighte/ or?odoxy 
to ! wilde/ h]esy1 & _m p]sons ^: *ur* 0
 a *ur* ( "o memb] only4 ,a great v>iety
 ( dialect & ( co/ume 0 notic$2 a great 
deal ( confusion1 ecc5tricity1 & freak  
appe>$1 z well z ( zeal & en?usiasm4 ,if

 ! ,assembly 0 disord]ly1 x 0           
picturesque4 ,madm51 madwom51 m5 )      
be>ds1 ,dunk]s1 ,muggletonians1         
,come-out]s1 ,groan]s1 ,agr>ians1       
,sev5?-day ,bapti/s1 ,quak]s1           
,abolitioni/s1 ,calv9i/s1 ,unit>ians1 & 
philosoph]s1 all came successively to ! 
top1 & seiz$ _! mom5t1 if n _! h\r1 :]e9
 to *ide or pray or prea* or prote/4 ,! 
faces 7 a /udy4 ,! mo/ d>+ innovators1 &
 ! *ampions-until-dea? ( ! old cause1   
sat side by side4 ,! /ill liv+ m]it ( ! 
olde/ ,new ,engl& families1 gl[+ yet    
aft] sev]al g5]ations1 enc\nt]$ ! f\nd]s
 ( families1 fre% m]it em]g+ & exp&+ !  
br[s to a new bread?1 & light+ a cl[ni% 
face ) sacr$ fire4 ,! ,assembly 0       
*>act]is$ by ! pr$om9ance ( a c]ta9 pla9
 sylvan /r5g? & e>ne/ness' 7,dial1 iii4 
#aja74  ,if ! %ade ( ,bossuet c\ld h    
look$ d[n ^u ! sc5e1 he w\ld h f\nd fre%
 mat]ial = ! s>casms :i* a hundr$ &     
fifty ye>s be=e he _h lavi%$ on !       
,v>iations ( ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es4 ,yet 
?is curi\s movem5t1 bleak & squalid z x 

may seem to m5 nurtur$ 9 ! v5]able      
decorum ( ecclesia/ical tradition1 0 at 
bottom id5tical ) ! ye>n+ = /rong]      
spiritual emotions1 & ! crav+s (        
religi\s zeal1 t _h 9 old] times fill$  
mona/]ies1 mann$ ! great ord]s1 & s5t   
wave ^u wave ( pilgrims & crusad]s to   
holy places4 ',x is really amaz+1' z 0  
said by ,frankl9 or somebody else ( 8   
fa%ion ( utilit>ianism1 't "o ( !       
passions :i* x is h>de/ to develop 9 man
 is ! passion = 8 own mat]ial com=t &   
temporal well-be+4'  ,em]son has put on 
record ?is m5tal intoxication ( !       
progressive p ar\nd him1 ) a pung5cy t  
might satisfy ! ,phili/9es !mselves4#e  
,f #ahbj to #ahdd1 he said1 ,new ,engl& 
witness$ a g5]al criticism & attack on  
in/itutions1 & 9 all practical          
activities a gradual )drawal ( t5d]     
consci5ces f ! social organisations4    
,calv9i/s & ,quak]s began to split into 
old s*ool & new s*ool4 ,goe! & ! ,g]mans
 became kn[n4 ,sw$5borg1 9 spite ( 8    
ta9t ( craz9ess1 by ! m]e prodigy ( 8   

speculations1 began 'to spread himself  
into ! m9ds ( ?\s&s'--includ+ 9 no      
unimportant degree ! m9d ( ,em]son      
himself4#f ,lit]>y criticism c\nt$ =    
some?+ 9 ! univ]sal ?aw1 & ev5 ! g5ial  
humanity ( ,dick5s help$ to break up !  
indurations ( old !ology4 ,mo/ p[]ful ( 
all 0 ! indirect influ5ce ( sci5ce4     
,geology disclos$ law 9 an unsuspect$   
region1 & a/ronomy caus$ m5 to appreh5d 
t 'z ! e>? is n ! c5tre ( ! ,univ]se1 s 
x is n ! special sc5e or /age on :i* !  
drama ( div9e ju/ice is play$ be=e !    
assembl$ angels ( heav54'  ,footnote #e3
 ,new ,engl& ,re=m]s3 ,essays1 ii4      
#eaa-eai4  ,footnote #f3 ,!             
,sw$5borgians--'a sect :i*1 ,i ?9k1 mu/ 
contribute m ?an all o!r sects to ! new 
fai?1 :i* mu/ come out ( all4'--,to     
,c>lyle1 #ahcd4  ,a temp] ( scrut9y &   
diss5t broke out 9 e direction4 ,9 almo/
 e relation m5 & wom5 ask$ !mselves by  
:at "r ,con=mity levi$ its tax1 & :e!r  
!y 7 n false to _! own consci5ces 9 pay+
 x4 ',:at a f]tility ( projects = !     

salvation ( ! _w6 ,"o apo/le ?\ght t all
 m5 %\ld g to f>m+2 & ano!r ?\ght t no  
man %\ld buy or sell--t use ( money 0 ! 
c>d9al evil2 ano!r ?\ght ! mis*ief 0 9  
our diet--t we eat & dr9k damnation4 ,^!
 made unleav5$ bread1 & 7 foes to ! dea?
 to f]m5tation4 ,o!rs attack$ ! sy/em ( 
agriculture1 ! use ( animal manures 9   
f>m+1 & ! tyranny ( man ov] brute       
in/9ct4 ,^! abuses pollut$ 8 food4 ,! ox
 mu/ be tak5 f ! pl\gh1 & ! horse f !   
c>t2 ! hundr$ acres ( ! f>m mu/ be      
spad$1 & ! man mu/ walk :]ev] boats &   
locomotives w n c>ry him4444 ,o!rs      
assail$ p>ticul> vocations4444 ,o!rs    
attack$ ! in/itution ( m>riage z !      
f\nta9 ( social evils4444 ,:o gave me ! 
money ) :i* ,i b\ght my coat8 ,:y %\ld  
pr(essional lab\r & t ( ! c\nt+-h\se be 
paid s disproportionately to ! lab\r ( !
 port] & ! woodsaw]8 ,am ,i n too       
protect$ a p]son8 ,is !re n a wide      
disp>ity betwe5 ! lot ( me & ! lot ( !e1
 my poor bro!r1 my poor si/]8'  ,"o (   
,em]son's glories is1 t :ile wise en\gh 

to disc]n ! p]il & folly ( ^! excesses1 
he 0 "u no temptation to fall back4 ,x 0
 giddy "w1 b he kept 8 eye on ! fix$    
/>s4 ,c]ta9ly ,em]son 0 n assail$ by !  
/ress ( mighty & viol5t ev5ts1 z ,burke 
& ,wordswor? 7 9 "s s5se turn$ into     
reaction>ies by ! calamities (          
revolution 9 ,france4 ,! 'di/emp] (     
en?usiasm1' z ,%aftesbury w\ld h call$  
x1 took a mild & h>mless =m 9 ,new      
,engl&3 !re ! "w 9 h& 0 n ! break-up ( a
 social sy/em1 b only ! m5tal evolution 
( new ideals1 ! /ruggle ( an e?ical     
revival1 & ! satisfaction ( a liveli] _s
 ( scruple4 ,9 face ( all delirations1  
,em]son kept on 8 way ( radiant sanity &
 p]fect poise4 ,d n1 he w>n$ 8          
en?usia/s1 exp5d all en]gy on "s        
accid5tal evil1 & s lose sanity & p[] ( 
b5efit4 ',x is ( little mom5t t "o or   
two or tw5ty errors ( our social sy/em  
be correct$1 b ( mu* t ! man be 9 8     
s5ses4 ,society ga9s no?+ :il/ a man1 n 
himself r5ovat$1 attempts to r5ovate ?+s
 ar\nd him2 he has become t$i\sly good 9

 "s p>ticul>1 b neglig5t or n>r[ 9 !    
re/1 & hypocrisy & vanity are (t5 !     
disgu/+ result4 ,x is h&som] to rema9 9 
! e/abli%m5t1 bett] ?an ! e/abli%m5t1 & 
conduct t 9 ! be/ mann]1 ?an to make a  
sally aga9/ evil by "s s+le improvem5t1 
)\t support+ x by a total reg5]ation4'  
,em]son1 !n1 is "o ( ! few moral re=m]s 
^: mission lay 9 calm+ m5 r ?an 9 r\s+  
!m1 & 9 ! inculcation ( s]5ity r ?an 9 !
 spread ( excitem5t4 ,?\gh he _h be5    
ard5t 9 prote/ aga9/ ! life conv5tional1
 z soon z ! prote/ ran (f into          
extravagance1 in/ead ( ei!r foll[+ or   
)/&+ x ) rueful petulancies1 he         
delicately & successfully turn$ a pass+ 
agitation into an endur+ revival4 ,! la/
 password giv5 by ! dy+ ,anton9e to !   
(fic] ( ! wat* 0 quanimitas4 ,9 a       
bright]1 wid]1 & m liv+ s5se ?an 0      
possible ev5 to ! noble/ 9 ! middle ( ! 
second c5tury1 ?is1 too1 0 ! wat*word ( 
! ,em]sonian tea*+4 ,in/ead ( cultivat+ 
! torm5t+ & enfeebl+ _s ( scruple1      
in/ead ( multiply+ precepts1 he bade m5 

n to cru% _! s\ls out "u ! burd5 (      
,duty2 !y are to rememb] t a wise life  
is n :olly fill$ up by comm&m5ts to d & 
to ab/a9 f do+4 ,h5ce1 we h 9 ,em]son ! 
tea*+ ( a vigor\s morality )\t ! =mality
 ( dogma & ! deadly t$ium ( didactics4  
,if n laught]1 ( :i* only ,%akespe>e    
among ! immortals has a copi\s & unfail+
 spr+1 !re is at lea/ gaiety 9 e piece1 
& a cordial injunction to m5 to f9d joy 
9 _! exi/5ce to ! full4 ,happ9ess is )  
him an aim t we are at lib]ty to seek   
directly & )\t p]iphrasis4 ,provid$ m5 d
 n lose _! balance by imm]s+ !mselves 9 
_! pleasures1 !y are "r1 accord+ to     
,em]son1 9 pursu+ !m4 ,b joy is no      
neighb\r to artificial ec/asy4 ,:at     
,em]son c\nsels ! poet1 he int5d$ 9 its 
own way & degree = all m54 ,! poet's    
habit ( liv+1 he says beautifully1 %\ld 
be set on a key s l[ t ! commone/       
influ5ces %\ld delight him4 ',t _s :i*  
suffices quiet he>ts1 :i* seems to come 
=? to su* f e dry knoll ( s]e grass1 f e
 p9e-/ump & half-emb$d$ /one on :i* !   

dull ,m>* sun %9es1 comes =? to ! poor &
 hungry1 & su* z are ( simple ta/e4 ,if 
?\ fill ?y bra9 ) ,bo/on & ,new ,york1 )
 fa%ion & covet\sness1 & wilt /imulate  
?y jad$ s5ses ) w9e & ,fr5* c(fee1 ?\   
%alt f9d no radiance ( wisdom 9 ! lonely
 wa/e ( ! p9ewoods' 7ii4 #cbh74  ,x 0   
p]haps ! same necessity ( hav+ to guide 
m5 away f ! dang] ( transc5d5tal        
ab]rations1 :ile yet hold+ up l(ty      
ideals ( conduct1 t made ,em]son say    
some?+ ab\t _m traits ( conduct to :i* !
 ord9>y high-fly+ morali/ ( ! treatise  
or ! pulpit seldom deigns to /oop4 ,!   
essays on ,dome/ic ,life1 on ,behavi\r1 
on ,mann]s1 are examples ( ! att5tion t 
,em]son paid to ! "r h&l+ ( ! out]      
conditions ( a wise & brave life4 ,) him
 small circum/ances are ! occasions (   
great qualities4 ,! p>l\r & ! c\nt+-h\se
 are z fit sc5es = =titude1             
self-control1 consid]at5ess1 & vision1 z
 ! s5ate or ! battlefield4 ,he          
re-classifies ! virtues4 ,no mod]n1 =   
example1 has giv5 s rem>kable a place to

 ,fri5d%ip among ! sacr$ necessities (  
well-end[$ "*4 ,nei!r ,plato nor ,cic]o1
 lea/ ( all ,bacon1 has ris5 to s noble 
& pr(\nd a conception ( ?is mo/ /rangely
 comm+l$ ( all human affections4 ,!re is
 no mod]n ?9k]1 aga91 :o makes          
,beauty--all t is graci\s1 seemly1 &    
becom+--s conspicu\s & ess5tial a "p (  
life4 ,x w\ld be inexact to say t       
,em]son bl5d$ ! beautiful ) ! precepts (
 duty or ( prud5ce into "o complex      
s5tim5t1 z ! ,greeks did1 b 8 !ory (    
excell5ce might be bett] describ$ ?an   
any o!r ( mod]n times by ! ,greek3      
kalokaga?ia1 ! virtue ( ! true g5tleman1
 z set d[n 9 ,plato & ,ari/otle4  ,s    
untrue is x t 9 8 quality ( ,sage       
,em]son always haunt$ ! p]il\s altitudes
 ( ,transc5d5talism1 'see+ no?+ "u him b
 ! ev]la/+ sn[s ( ,himalaya1 ! ,e>?     
%r9k+ to a ,planet1 & ! indigo ,firmam5t
 s[+ itself ) daylight />s4' ,he nev]   
?9ks x b5ea? 8 dignity to t\* a po9t (  
m9or morals1 or to say a good ^w = :at  
he some:]e calls subt]ranean prud5ce4   

,em]son values mundane circumspection z 
highly z ,frankl91 & gives to mann]s &  
rules ( daily behavi\r an importance t  
might h satisfi$ ,*e/]field4 ,9 fact1 ! 
worldly & ! selfi% are mi/ak5 :5 !y     
assume t ,common ,s5se is _! special &  
exclusive portion4 ,! small             
,transc5d5tali/ goes 9 se>* ( tru? ) !  
me%es ( 8 net s l>ge t he takes no fi%4 
,8 l&scapes are all horizon4 ,x is only 
! great ideali/s1 l ,em]son1 :o take c>e
 n to miss ! real4  ,! rem$y = !        
break-d[n ( ! old *ur*es w\ld1 9 ! m9d (
 ! egoti/1 h be5 to f\nd a new "o4 ,b   
,em]son knew well be=e ,c>lyle told him1
 t 'no truly great man1 f ,jesus ,*ri/  
d[nw>ds1 ev] f\nd$ a sect--,i mean      
wilfully int5d$ f\nd+ "o4' ,n only did  
he e/abli% no sect1 b he prea*$ a       
doctr9e t 0 positively incompatible ) ! 
erection ( any sect ^u its base4 ,8 :ole
 hope = ! _w lies 9 ! int]nal &         
indep5d5t res\rces ( ! individual4 ,if  
mank9d is to be rais$ to a high] plane (
 happ9ess & wor?1 x c only be by !      

resolution ( ea* to live 8 own life )   
fidelity & c\rage4 ,! spectacle ( "o    
lib]at$ f ! malign ob/ructions to free  
human "*1 is a /rong] inc5tive to o!rs  
?an exhortation1 admonition1 or any sum 
( philan?ropical association4 ,if ,i1 9 
my own p]son & daily walk1 quietly resi/
 heav9ess ( cu/om1 coldness ( hope1     
timidity ( fai?1 !n )\t wi%+1 contriv+1 
or ev5 kn[+ x1 ,i am a light sil5tly    
draw+ z _m z h vision & are fit to walk 
9 ! same pa?4 ,:e!r ,i d t or n1 ,i am  
at lea/ obey+ ! highe/ law ( my own be+4
  ,9 ! appeal to ! individual to be true
 to himself1 ,em]son does n /& ap>t f   
o!r great moral re=m]s4 ,8 di/9ction    
lies 9 ! peculi> direction t he gives to
 8 appeal4 ,all ^? reg5]ators ( !       
individual1 f ,r\sseau d[n to ,j4,s4    
,mill1 :o d]iv$ _! fir/ pr9ciples1 :e!r 
directly or indirectly1 f ,locke & !    
philosophy ( s5sation1 exp]i5ce1 &      
acquisition1 began op]ations ) ! w4 ,!y 
laid all _! /ress on ! %ap+ ( motives by
 education1 in/itutions1 & action1 &    

plac$ virtue 9 delib]at5ess & 9 ex]cise4
 ,em]son1 on ! contr>y1 com+ f !        
intuitional camp1 holds t our moral     
nature is vitiat$ by any int]f]5ce ( our
 w4 ,translat$ into ! language ( !ology1
 8 doctr9e makes reg5]ation to be a     
result ( grace1 & ! guide ( consci5ce to
 be ! indwell+ light2 ?\gh1 unlike !    
!ologians1 he does n trace ei!r ( ^!    
my/]i\s gifts to ! special *oice &      
int]v5tion ( a p]sonal ,deity4          
,impulsive & spontane\s innoc5ce is     
high] ?an ! /r5g? to conqu] temptation4 
,! natural motions ( ! s\l are s mu*    
bett] ?an ! volunt>y ones4 ',!re is no  
su* ?+ z manufactur+ a /rong w1' = all  
great =ce is real & elem5tal4 ,9 all ?is
 ,em]son suff]s f ! limitations t are   
insep>able f pure spiritualism 9 all its
 =ms4 ,z if ! spiritual con/itution 7   
ev] indep5d5t ( ! mat]ial organisation  
be/[$ ^u ! individual at ! mom5t :5 he  
is conceiv$1 or ( ! social conditions t 
close ab\t him f ! in/ant ( 8 bir?4 ,!  
reaction1 h[ev]1 aga9/ :at 0 sup]ficial 

9 ! s*ool ( ! eighte5? c5tury w5t to its
 extreme l5g? 9 ,em]son1 & bl9d$ 8 eyes 
to ! wisdom1 ! pr(undity1 & !           
fruitfulness ( _! lead+ speculations4 ,x
 is en\gh = u to note ! fact 9 pass+1   
)\t plung+ into cont5tion on ! m]its4   
,all ?\ghts are always ready1 pot5tially
 if n actually4 ,ea* age selects &      
assimilates ! philosophy t is mo/ apt = 
its wants4 ,in/itutions ne$$ reg5]ation 
9 ,france1 & s ^? ?9k]s came into vogue 
& p[] :o laid mo/ /ress on ! efficacy ( 
good in/itutions4 ,9 ,em]son's ,am]ica1 
! =tunes ( ! c\ntry made ext]nal        
circum/ances safe = a man1 & 8 *ance 0  
assur$2 s a philosophy 0 welcom$ :i*    
turn$ ! individual inw>ds ^u himself1 & 
taught him to consid] 8 own "* &        
spiritual faculty z some?+ high] ?an    
any?+ ext]nal c\ld ev] be4  ,aga9 to    
make a use :i* is n un9/ructive ( ! old 
tongue1 ,em]son is = fai? be=e works4   
,nature1 he says1 w n h u fret & fume4  
,%e does n l our b5evol5ces1 our *ur*es1
 our paup]-societies1 mu* bett] ?an %e  

likes our frauds & w>s4 ,!y are b s _m  
yokes to ! neck4 ,our pa9ful lab\rs are 
unnecess>y & fruitless4 ,a high] law ?an
 t ( our w regulates ev5ts4 ,if we look 
wid]1 ?+s are all alike3 laws & cre$s & 
modes ( liv+ are a trave/y ( tru?4 ,only
 9 our easy1 simple1 spontane\s action  
are we /rong1 & by cont5t+ ourselves )  
ob$i5ce we become /rong4 ,our real      
action is 9 our sil5t mom5ts4 ,:y %\ld  
we be aw$ by ! "n ( ,action8 ',tis a    
trick ( ! s5ses4#g  ,footnote #g3       
,essays3 ,spiritual ,laws1 etc4         
,ju/ification by fai? has _h a sav\r (  
ant9omianism & indiff]5cy ev] s9ce ! day
 :5 ,sa9t ,paul s emphatically d5i$ t he
 made void ! law ?r\gh fai?1 & said (   
c]ta9 calumniators t _! damnation 0 j4  
,em]son 0 op5 to ! same *>ge1 & he knew 
x4 ,9 a passage already quot$1 ,em]son  
says good-hum\r$ly t 8 wife keeps 8     
philosophy f runn+ to ant9omianism ,he  
c\ld n mi/ake ! t5d5cy ( say+ t1 if y   
look wid]1 ?+s are all alike1 & t we are
 9 ! grasp ( a high] law ?an our own w4 

,on t side he only pa9ts ov] 9 ra9b[    
col\rs ! grim doctr9e :i* ! ,high       
,calv9i/ & ! ,mat]iali/ic ,necess>ian   
hold 9 common4  ,all great m9ds p]ceive 
all ?+s2 ! only diff]5ce lies 9 ! ord] 9
 :i* !y %all *oose to place !m4 ,em]son1
 = good reason ( 8 own1 dwelt mo/ on    
fate1 "*1 & ! unconsci\s & hidd5 s\rces1
 b he writes _m a page ( vigor\s        
corrective4 ,x is :olesome1 he says1 to 
man to look n at ,fate1 b ! o!r way2 !  
practical view is ! o!r4 ,z ,mill says (
 8 wi% to disbelieve ! doctr9e ( !      
=mation ( "* by circum/ances--',rememb]+
 ! wi% ( ,fox respect+ ! doctr9e (      
resi/ance to gov]nm5ts1 t x might nev]  
be =gott5 by ,k+s nor rememb]$ by       
subjects1 ,i said t x w\ld be a bless+  
if ! doctr9e ( necessity c\ld be believ$
 by all quoad ! *>act]s ( o!rs1 &       
disbeliev$ 9 reg>d to _! own4' ,s       
,em]son knew well en\gh t man's         
consci\sness ( fre$om1 action1 & p[] ov]
 out] circum/ances might be left to take
 c>e ( itself1 z ! practical view       

g5]ally c4 ,! _w did n ne$ him to tell x
 t a man's =tunes are a "p ( 8 "*4 ,8   
task 0 ! m f>-rea*+ "o ( draw+ !m to    
recognise t love is ! important ?+1 n   
b5evol5t works2 t only impure m5 consid]
 life z x is reflect$ 9 ev5ts1 op9ions1 
& p]sons2 t !y fail to see ! action     
until x is done1 :]eas :at is f> bett]  
wor? consid]+ is t its moral elem5t     
pr-exi/$ 9 ! actor4  ,x w\ld be easy to 
%[ t ,em]son has n work$ out 8 answ]s to
 ^! et]nal enigmas1 = ev] reproduc+     
!mselves 9 all ages1 9 su* a =m z to    
defy ! logician's *all5ge4 ,he nev]     
%r9ks f inconsi/5t propositions4 ,he 0  
unsy/ematic on pr9ciple4 ',he ?\ght t   
tru? has s _m facets t ! be/ we c d is  
to notice ea* 9 turn1 )\t tr\bl+        
ourselves :e!r !y agree4' ,:5 we rememb]
 ! inadequat5ess ( human language1 !    
infirmities ( our vision1 & all !       
imp]fections ( m5tal app>atus1 ! wise m5
 w n disda9 ev5 p>tial glimpses ( a sc5e
 too va/ & intricate to be compreh5d$ 9 
a s+le map4 ,to compla9 t ,em]son is no 

sy/ematic reason] is to miss ! secret ( 
mo/ ( ^? :o h giv5 p[]ful impulses to ! 
spiritual e?ics ( an age4 ,x is n a     
syllogism t turns ! he>t t[>ds          
purification ( life & aim2 x is n !     
logically en*a9$ propositions ( a       
sorites1 b ! fla% ( illum9ation1 !      
indef9able acc5t1 t attracts masses ( m5
 to a new tea*] & a high doctr9e4 ,!    
teas+ ergoteur is always "r1 b he nev]  
leads nor improves nor inspires4  ,any  
"o c see h[ ?is side ( ! ,em]sonian     
gospel h>monis$ ) ! prepossessions ( a  
new democracy4 ,tru/1 he said1 to lead+ 
in/9cts1 n to traditional in/itutions1  
nor social ord]+1 nor ! =mul ( books &  
s*ools = ! =mation ( "*2 ! great =ce is 
real & elem5tal4 ,9 art1 ,mr4 ,rusk9 has
 expla9$ ! palpable tru? t semi-civilis$
 nations c col\r bett] ?an we d1 & t an 
,indian %awl & ,*9a vase are inimitable 
by u4 ',x is _! glori\s ignorance ( all 
rules t does x2 ! pure & true in/9cts h 
play1 & d _! "w2 & ! mom5t we beg9 tea*+
 p any rules ab\t col\r1 & make !m d ?is

 or t1 we cru% ! in/9ct1 g5]ally = ev]' 
7,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 iii4 #ia74 ,em]son said
 :at comes to ! same ?+ ab\t morals4 ,! 
philosophy ( democracy1 or ! gov]nm5t ( 
a great mix$ community by itself1 re/s  
on a simil> assumption 9 politics4 ,!   
f\ndations ( a self-gov]n$ society on a 
great scale are laid 9 lead+ in/9cts4   
,em]son 0 nev] tir$ ( say+ t we are wis]
 ?an we "k4 ,! pa? ( sci5ce & ( lett]s  
is n ! way to nature4 ,:at 0 done 9 a   
remote age by m5 ^: names h res\nd$ f>1 
has no deep] s5se ?an :at y & ,i d      
to-day4 ,:at food1 or exp]i5ce1 or      
succ\r h ,olympiads & ,consulates = !   
,esquimaux seal-hunt]1 = ! ,kanka 9 8   
canoe1 = ! fi%]man1 ! /ev$ore1 ! port]8 
,:5 he is 9 ?is ve9 ,em]son (t5         
approa*es curi\sly ne> to ,r\sseau's    
memorable & mo/ pot5t p>adox ( #agej1 t 
! sci5ces corrupt mann]s4#h  ,footnote  
#h3 ,:at s good1 asks ,r\sseau1 'z a    
sweet & preci\s ignorance1 ! treasure ( 
a pure s\l at peace ) itself1 :i* f9ds  
all its bless$ness 9 inw>d retreat1 9   

te/ify+ to itself its own innoc5ce1 &   
:i* feels no ne$ ( seek+ a w>p$ & holl[ 
happ9ess 9 ! op9ion ( o!r p z to its    
enlight5m5t8'  ,mo/ m5 w n[ agree t :5 !
 great fi]y trial came1 ! ,em]sonian    
fai? & ! democratic assumption          
abundantly ju/ifi$ !mselves4 ,ev5       
,c>lyle wrote to ,em]son at la/ 7,june  
#d1 #ahga73 ',9 my occasional explosions
 aga9/ ,an>*y1 & my inext+ui%able hatr$ 
( x1 ,i privately :isp] to myself1 ,c\ld
 any ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm n[1 or ,fri$ri*1 
or mo/ p]fect ,gov]nor y c\ld hope to   
realise1 guide =w>d :at is ,am]ica's    
ess5tial task at pres5t1 fa/] or m      
completely ?an ',an>*ic ,am]ica' is n[  
do+8 ,su* ,an>*y has a great deal to say
 = itself4'  ,! traits ( comp>ison      
betwe5 ,c>lyle & ,em]son may be reg>d$ z
 hav+ be5 pretty ne>ly exhau/$ = !      
pres5t1 until "t has *ang$ ! po9t (     
view4 ,9 wit1 hum\r1 pa?os1 p5etration1 
poetic gr&eur1 & f]vid sublimity (      
imag9ation1 ,c>lyle is ! sup]ior beyond 
measure4 ,b ,em]son is z mu* 8 sup]ior 9

 t high & transp>5t sanity1 :i* is n    
fur!r remov$ f midsumm] madness ?an x is
 f a t]r5e & grovell+ m$iocrity4 ,?is   
sanity1 among o!r ?+s1 kept ,em]son 9   
l9e ) ! rul+ t5d5cies ( 8 age1 & 8 tea*+
 br+s all ! aid t ab/ract tea*+ c1 t[>ds
 ! solution ( ! moral problems ( mod]n  
societies4 ,c>lyle *ose to fl+ himself  
headlong & bl9dfold a?w>t ! great       
curr5ts ( ?+s1 aga9/ all ! =ces &       
elem5ts t are pu%+ mod]n societies =w>d4
 ,beg9n+ 9 8 e>li] "w ) ! same fai? z   
,em]son 9 lead+ in/9cts1 he came to     
dream t ! only lead+ in/9ct wor? ?9k+   
ab\t is t ( self-w1 ma/]y1 =ce1 & viol5t
 /r5g?4 ,em]son 0 = bas+ ! heal? ( a    
mod]n commonweal? on ! only real /r5g?1 
& ! only k9d ( =ce t c be reli$ ^u1     
namely1 ! hone/1 manly1 simple1 &       
emancipat$ "* ( ! citiz54 ,?is gives to 
8 doctr9e a hold & a prize on ! "w ( !  
day1 & makes him our help]4 ,c>lyle's   
p]v]se reaction _h wreck$ & /r&$ him :5 
! _w came to ask him = direction4 ,9    
spite ( 8 respl5d5t g5ius1 he _h no     

direction to give1 & 0 only able 9 vague
 & turbid torr5ts ( words to hide a     
%all[ & obsolete lesson4 ,8 confession  
to ,em]son1 quot$ above1 looks z if at  
la/ he _h f\nd ?is out = himself4  ,if  
,em]son /ood ?us well t[>ds ! social &  
political drift ( ev5ts1 8 tea*+ 0 no   
less h>moni\sly relat$ to ! new & mo/   
memorable drift ( sci5ce :i* set 9 by 8 
side4 ,x is a misconception to pret5d t 
he 0 a precursor ( ! ,d>w9ian !ory4     
,evolution1 z a possible explanation ( !
 ord]+ ( ! univ]se1 is a great deal old]
 ?an ei!r ,em]son or ,d>w94 ,:at ,d>w9  
did 0 to "w out 9 detail & ) masses (   
m9ute evid5ce a def9ite hypo!sis ( !    
specific conditions "u :i* new =ms are  
evolv$4 ,em]son1 ( c\rse1 _h no def9ite 
hypo!sis ( ?is sort1 nor did he possess 
any ( ! k necess>y to give x value4 ,b x
 0 8 good =tune t "s ( 8 /ronge/        
propositions h>monise ) ! sci5tific !ory
 ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ 9 ! /ruggle =  
mat]ial exi/5ce4 ,he connects 8         
exhortation to self-reliance ) ! law    

work+ 9 nature = cons]vation & gr[?1--to
 wit1 t ',p[] is 9 nature ! ess5tial    
measure ( "r1' & t ',nature suff]s no?+ 
to rema9 9 h] k+dom :i* _c help itself4'
 ,! same /ra9 is con/antly audible4     
,nature on e side1 )9 u & )\t1 is = ev] 
?r[+ out new =ms & fre% v>ieties ( liv+ 
& ?9k+4 ,to h] exp]im5ts 9 e region !re 
is no end4 ,^? succe$ :i* prove to h !  
be/ adaptation to ! conditions4 ,let1   
!re=e1 nei!r society nor ! individual   
*eck exp]im5t1 orig9ality1 & inf9ite    
v>iation4 ,su* language1 we may see1    
fits 9 equally well ) democracy 9       
politics & ) evolution 9 sci5ce4 ,if1   
moreov]1 mod]n sci5ce gives m prom95ce  
to "o conception ?an ano!r1 x is to t ( 
! natural univ]se ( =ce & en]gy1 z ,"o &
 a ,:ole4 ,?is too is ! great c5tral    
idea ) ,em]son1 repeat$ a ?\s& times 9  
prose & 9 v]se1 & ly+ at ! v he>t ( 8   
philosophy4 ,newton's say+ t '! _w 0    
made at "o ca/' delights him4 ',! secret
 ( ! _w is t its en]gies are            
solidaires4' ,nature 'publi%es itself 9 

creatures1 rea*+ f p>ticles & spicula1  
?r\gh trans=mation on trans=mation to ! 
highe/ symmetries4 ,a little heat1 t is1
 a little motion1 is all t diff]5ces !  
bald dazzl+ :ite & deadly cold poles ( !
 e>? f ! prolific tropical climates4' ,n
 only1 z ,pr(essor ,tyndall says1 is    
,em]son's religi\s s5se entirely        
undaunt$ by ! discov]ies ( sci5ce2 all  
su* discov]ies he compreh5ds &          
assimilates4 ',by ,em]son sci5tific     
conceptions are cont9ually transmut$    
into ! f9] =ms & w>m] l9es ( an ideal   
_w4'  ,t ^! transmutations are (t5 c>ri$
 by ,em]son to ! ext5t ( va9 & empty    
self-my/ifications is h>d to d5y1 ev5 = 
^? :o h mo/ sympa?y ) ! g5]al scope ( 8 
tea*+4 ,!re are pages t to ! pres5t     
writ]1 at lea/1 aft] reasonably dilig5t 
m$itation1 rema9 m]e abracadabra1       
incompreh5sible & wor?less4 ,= mu* ( ?is
 9 ,em]son1 ! influ5ce ( ,plato is ma9ly
 responsible1 & x may be not$ 9 pass+ t 
8 acc\nt ( ,plato 7,repres5tative ,m57  
is "o ( 8 mo/ unsatisfactory p]=mances4 

',! title ( ,platoni/1' says ,mill1     
'belongs by f> bett] "r to ^? :o h be5  
n\ri%$ 91 & h endeav\r$ to practise     
,plato's mode ( inve/igation1 ?an to ^? 
:o are di/+ui%$ only by ! adoption (    
c]ta9 dogmatical conclusions1 drawn     
mo/ly f ! lea/ intelligible ( 8 works4' 
,no?+ is ga9$ by conceal+ t n e "p (    
,em]son's "w w /& ! te/ ( ! ,el5*us1 nor
 be> r$uction into hone/ & intelligible 
,engli%4  ,"o rem>kable result (        
,em]son's idealism ought n to be pass$  
ov]4 ',! visible becomes ! ,be/ial1'    
said ,c>lyle1 ':5 x re/s n on !         
invisible4' ,to ,em]son all re/$ on !   
invisible1 & 0 summ$ up 9 t]ms ( !      
invisible1 & h5ce ! ,be/ial 0 almo/     
unkn[n 9 8 philosophic s*eme4 ,nay1 we  
may say t "s mighty ph5om5a 9 our       
univ]se 7 kept /udi\sly abs5t f 8 m9d4  
,"h is "o ( ! pr(\nde/ diff]5ces betwe5 
,em]son & mo/ ( ^? :o1 on z high an     
altitude1 h pond]$ ! same great !mes4 ,a
 small trait w s]ve = illu/ration4 ,x 0 
well kn[n 9 8 h\sehold t he c\ld n be>  

to he> ( ailm5ts4 ',!re is "o topic1' he
 writes1 'p]emptorily =bidd5 to all     
well-br$1 to all rational mortals1      
namely1 _! di/emp]s4 ,if y h n slept1 or
 if y h slept1 or if y h heada*e1       
sciatica1 or leprosy1 or ?und]-/roke1 ,i
 besee* y by all angels to hold y\r     
peace1 & n pollute ! morn+1 to :i* all !
 h\semates br+ s]5e & pleasant ?\ghts1  
by corruption & groans4 ,come out ( !   
azure4 ,love ! day'--7,conduct ( ,life1 
#aei74  ,if he c\ld n endure ^! m9or    
p]turbations ( ! fair & smil+ face (    
daily life1 f> less did he will+ly ?9k (
 ,dea?4 ,( no?+ 9 all ! wide range (    
univ]sal topics does ,em]son say s      
little z ( t :i* has la9 9 sombre my/]y 
at ! v core ( mo/ m$itations on life1 f 
,job & ,solon d[n to ,bacon &           
,montaigne4 ,except 9 two beautiful     
poems1 already m5tion$1 ,dea? is almo/  
bani%$ f 8 page4 ,x is n ! title or !   
subject ( "o ( 8 essays1 only second>ily
 ev5 ( t on ,immortality4 ,love1        
,fri5d%ip1 ,prud5ce1 ,h]oism1 ,exp]i5ce1

 ,mann]s1 ,nature1 ,greatness1 & a score
 ( o!r matt]s--b none to %[ t he ev] sat
 d[n to ga!r into sep>ate & conc5trat$  
%ape 8 reflections on ! t]rify+ phantom 
t has haunt$ ! m9d ( man f ! v bir? (   
"t4  ,pascal bade u imag9e a numb] ( m5 
9 *a9s & doom$ to dea?2 "s ( !m ea* day 
but*]$ 9 sight ( ! o!rs2 ^? :o rema9$   
wat*+ _! own lot 9 t ( _! fell[s1 &     
await+ _! turn 9 angui% & helplessness4 
,su*1 he cri$1 is ! pitiful & desp]ate  
condition ( man4 ,b nature has o!r      
cruelties m /++ ?an dea?4 ,mill1 himself
 an optimi/1 yet decl>es ! c\rse (      
natural ph5om5a to be replete ) ev]y?+  
:i*1 :5 committ$ by human be+s is mo/   
wor?y ( abhorr5ce1 s t '"o :o endeav\r$ 
9 8 actions to imitate ! natural c\rse (
 ?+s w\ld be univ]sally se5 & ackn[l$g$ 
to be ! wick$e/ ( m54' ,to man himself1 
moreov]1 '! mo/ crim9al actions are n m 
unnatural ?an mo/ ( ! virtues4' ,we ne$ 
n multiply f poets & div9es1 f morali/s 
& sages1 ^! grim pictures4 ,! sombre    
melan*oly1 ! savage moral indignation1 !

 passionate intellectual scorn1 ) :i*   
life & ! univ]se h fill$ /rong s\ls1 "s 
) "o emotion & "s ) ano!r1 7 all to     
,em]son 9 8 habitual ?9k+ un9telligible 
& remote4 ,he admits1 inde$1 t '!       
disease & de=mity ar\nd u c]tify t      
infraction ( natural1 intellectual1 &   
moral laws1 & (t5 violation on violation
 to bre$ su* comp\nd mis]y4' ,! way (   
,provid5ce1 he says 9 ano!r place1 is a 
little rude1 ?r\gh e>?quakes1 fev]1 !   
sword ( climate1 & a ?\s& o!r h9ts (    
f]ocity 9 ! int]iors ( nature4          
,provid5ce has a wild r\gh incalculable 
road to its end1 & 'x is ( no use to try
 to :ite-wa% its huge mix$              
in/rum5talities1 or to dress up t       
t]rific b5efactor 9 a clean %irt & :ite 
neckclo? ( a /ud5t ( div9ity4' ,b he    
only drew f ! ?\ght ( ^! cruelties ( !  
univ]se ! practical moral t 'our culture
 mu/ n omit ! arm+ ( ! man4' ,he is born
 into ! /ate ( w>1 & w !re=e d well to  
acquire a milit>y attitude ( s\l4 ,!re  
is p]haps no bett] moral ?an ?is ( !    

,/oic1 b great] impressiv5ess might h   
m>k$ ! lesson1 if our tea*] _h be5 m    
indulg5t to ! man's s5se ( trag$y 9 t   
va/ drama 9 :i* he plays 8 pite\s "p4   
,9 l mann]1 ,em]son has little to say ( 
t horrid burd5 & imp$im5t on ! s\l1 :i* 
! *ur*es call ,s91 & :i*1 by :atev] "n  
we call x1 is a v real cata/rophe 9 !   
moral nature ( man4 ,he _h no eye1 l    
,dante's1 = ! vil5ess1 ! cruelty1 ! utt]
 despicabl5ess to :i* humanity may be   
m\ld$4 ,if he saw !m at all1 x 0 ?r\gh !
 s(t5+ & illusive m$ium ( g5]alis$      
phrases4 ,nor 0 he ev] %ock$ & driv5    
into himself by '! immoral              
?\ghtlessness' ( m54 ,! c\rses ( nature1
 & ! prodigi\s inju/ices ( man 9        
society1 affect him ) nei!r horror nor  
awe4 ,he w see no mon/] if he c help x4 
,= ! fatal ,nemesis or t]rible ,er9nyes1
 daught]s ( ,erebus & ,night1 ,em]son   
sub/itutes a fair-wea!r ab/raction nam$ 
,comp5sation4 ,"o radical trag$y 9      
nature he admits--'! di/9ction ( ,m &   
,less4' ,if ,i am poor 9 faculty1 dim 9 

vision1 %ut out f opportunity1 9 e s5se 
an outca/ f ! inh]itance ( ! e>?1 t     
seems inde$ to be a trag$y4 ',b see !   
facts cle>ly & ^! m\nta9\s inequalities 
vani%4 ,love r$uces !m1 z ! sun melts ! 
iceb]g 9 ! sea4 ,! he>t & s\l ( all m5  
be+ "o1 ?is bitt]ness ( ,8 & ,m9e       
ceases4 ,8 is m9e4' ,surely words1      
words1 words6 ,:at c be m idle1 :5 "o ( 
! _w's bitt] puzzles is press$ on !     
tea*]1 ?an t he %\ld betake himself to  
an altitude :5ce x is n visible1 & !n   
assure u t x is n only invisible1 b     
non-exi/5t8 ,?is is n to see ! facts    
cle>ly1 b to p\r ! fumes ( obscuration  
r\nd !m4 ,:5 he com=ts u by say+ ',love1
 & y %all be lov$1' :o does n recall    
cases :i* make ! ,jean ,valjean (       
,victor ,hugo's noble romance n a figm5t
 ( ! !atre1 b an all too actual type8 ,!
 believ] :o looks to ano!r _w to r$ress 
! wrongs & horrors ( ?is2 ! sage :o w>ns
 u t ! law ( life is resignation1       
r5unciation1 & do+-)\t 7entbehr5 soll/  
du7--ea* ( ^! has a foo?old 9 common    

language4 ,b to say t all infractions ( 
love & equity are spe$ily puni%$--puni%$
 by fe>--& !n to talk ( ! p]fect        
comp5sation ( ! univ]se1 is m]e play+ ) 
words1 = x does n solve ! problem 9 !   
t]ms 9 :i* m5 prop\nd x4 ,em]son1 z we h
 said1 held ! _s ( ,sy/em 9 av]sion z   
fett]+ ! lib]al play ( ?\ght1 j z 9     
morals1 ) great] boldness1 he rebell$   
aga9/ a m9ute & cramp+ int]pretation (  
,duty4 ,we are n sure t 8 own optimi/ic 
doctr9e did n play him ! same tyrannical
 trick1 by seal+ 8 eyes to at lea/ "o   
half ( ! actualities ( nature & !       
gruesome possibilities ( ?+s4 ,x _h no  
unimportant effect on ,em]son's ?\ght t 
he 0 born 9 a new _w t _h cut itself    
loose f old hi/ory4 ,! black & devi\s   
ways ?r\gh :i* ! race has m>*$ are n    
real 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 z !y are to u 9   
old ,europe1 :o live on ! v site (      
secul> iniquities1 are surr\nd$ by      
monum5ts ( hi/oric crime1 & f9d pres5t &
 future entangl$1 embitt]$1 inextricably
 load$ bo? 9 blood & 9 in/itutions )    

desp]ate inh]itances f ! pa/4  ,!re are 
_m topics1 & ^? no mean topics1 on :i* !
 be/ au?ority is n ! morali/ by         
pr(ession1 z ,em]son 01 b ! man ( ! _w4 
,! _w h>d5s1 n>r[s1 desiccates common   
natures1 b no?+ s enri*es g5]\s ones4 ,=
 k ( ! he>t ( man1 we mu/ g to ^? :o 7  
clos] to ! passions & int]e/s ( actual &
 v>i$ life ?an ,em]son ev] c\ld h       
be5--to ,horace1 ,montaigne1 ,la        
,bruyre1 ,swift1 ,molire1 ev5 to ,pope4 
,if a ho/ile critic 7 to say t ,em]son  
look$ at life too mu* f ! outside1 z !  
cl]gyman is apt to d1 we %\ld condemn   
su* a rem>k z a disp>agem5t1 b we %\ld  
und]/& :at x is 9 ,em]son t ! critic    
means4 ,he has n ! temp]am5t ( ! great  
humori/s1 "u :atev] planet !y may h be5 
born1 jovial1 m]curial1 or saturn9e4    
,ev5 8 revolt aga9/ =malism is only a   
new fa%ion ( composure1 & sometimes     
comes dang]\sly ne> to moral            
dilettantism4 ,! p]si/5t id5tification (
 ev]y?+ 9 nature ) ev]y?+ else sometimes
 bewild]s1 fatigues1 & almo/ afflicts u4

 ,?\gh he w>ns u t our civilisation is n
 ne> its m]idian1 b z yet only 9 !      
cock-cr[+ & ! morn+ />1 /ill all ages   
are mu* alike ) him3 man is always man1 
'society nev] advances1' & he does almo/
 z little z ,c>lyle himself to fire m5 )
 fai? 9 social progress z ! cr[n ( wise 
endeav\r4 ,b :5 all ^! d$uctions h be5  
made & amply all[$ =1 ,em]son rema9s    
among ! mo/ p]suasive & inspir+ ( ^? :o 
by ^w & example rebuke our despond5cy1  
purify our sight1 awak5 u f ! dead5+    
slumb]s ( conv5tion & con=mity1 exorcise
 ! pe/]+ imps ( vanity1 & lift m5 up f  
l[ ?\ghts & sull5 moods ( helplessness &
 impiety4     ,,end ,,( ,,vol4 ,i4      
,pr9t$ by ,r4  ,r4 ,,cl>k1 ,,limit$1    
,ed9burgh4