,wat]-,supply & ,irrigation ,pap] ,no4 #ib ,s]ies ,m1 ,g5]al ,hydrographic ,inve/igations1 #h ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,geological ,,survey ,,*>les ,d4 ,,walcott1 ,,director ,,! ,,passaic ,,flood ,,( #aijc ,,by ,,m>%all ,,ora ,,leighton ,illu/ration ,,wa%+ton ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice #aijd ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,lett] ( transmittal #g ,introduction #i ,precipitation #aa ,desc5t ( flood #ad ,highl& tribut>ies & ,c5tral ,bas9 #ad ,flood at ,macop9 dam #ae ,flood at ,beattie's dam1 ,little ,falls #af ,flood fl[ ov] ,dundee dam #ag ,damages #bc ,g5]al /atem5ts #bc ,highl& tribut>ies #bc ,ramapo ,riv] #bc ,pequanac & ,wanaque riv]s #bd ,c5tral ,bas9 #be ,l[] ,valley #be ,pat]son #bf ,passaic & vic9ity #bg ,prev5tive measures #bh ,g5]al discussion #bh ,l[] valley improvem5ts #bi ,flood cat*m5t #ca ,pompton res]voir #ca ,ramapo sy/em #cc ,wanaque sy/em #cd ,midvale res]voir #cd ,r+wood res]voir #ce ,we/ ,brook res]voir #ce ,pequanac sy/em #ce ,newf\ndl& res]voir #cf ,/ickle ,pond res]voir #cf ,rockaway sy/em #cg ,p[]ville res]voir #cg ,longwood ,valley res]voir #cg ,splitrock ,pond #ch ,upp] ,passaic ,bas9 #ch ,mill+ton res]voir #ch ,saddle ,riv] #ci ,summ>y ( flood-cat*m5ts projects #dj ,pref]able res]voir sites #dj ,g5]al conclusions #dd ,index #dg ,,illu/rations4 ,page4 ,,plate ,i4 ,a1 ,beattie's dam1 ,little ,falls1 ,n4 ,j41 9 flood2 ,b1 ,flood-wat] l9es 9 resid5ce di/rict1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 #af ,,ii4 ,a1 ,pompton ,lakes dam & wat] front ( ,ludlum ,/eel & ,iron ,company2 ,b1 ,dry b$ ( ,pompton ,lake #bd ,,iii4 ,flood di/rict ( ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 #bd ,,iv4 ,a1 ,wa%\t at ,spruce /reet1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j42 ,b1 ,riv] /reet1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41 aft] flood #bf ,v4 ,a1 ,effects ( flood 9 mill di/rict1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j42 ,b1 ,! wreck ( a hotel 9 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 #bf ,,vi4 ,a1 ,deva/ation 9 ,hebrew qu>t]1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j42 ,b1 ,a common example ( flood damage #bh ,,vii4 ,a1 ,inundat$ l&s at ,passaic1 ,n4 ,j42 ,b1 ,undamag$ bridge across ,passaic ,riv] aft] p>tial subsid5ce ( flood #bh ,,fig4 #a4 ,comp>ative flood run-(f at ,dundee dam1 ,m>*1 #aijb1 & ,octob]1 #aijc #ah #b4 ,diagram ( flood fl[ at ,dundee dam1 flood ( #aijc #bj ,,lett] ,,( ,,transmittal4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,geological ,,survey1 ,,hydrographic ,,bran*1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,decemb] #d1 #aijc4 ,,sir3 ,i h ! honor to transmit h]e) a manuscript entitl$1 ,passaic ,flood ( #aijc1 prep>$ by ,m>%all ,ora ,leighton1 & to reque/ t x be publi%$ z "o ( ! s]ies ( ,wat]-,supply & ,irrigation ,pap]s4 ,?is pap] is a cont9uation ( ,wat]-,supply & ,irrigation ,pap] ,no4 #hh1 by ,george ,b4 ,holli/] & ,mr4 ,leighton1 & describes ! flood ( ,octob]1 #aijc1 :i* 0 high] & f> m disa/r\s ?an ! flood ( #aijb4 ,! occurr5ce ( two great floods 9 ! same bas9 dur+ s %ort a p]iod makes ! subject wor?y ( att5tion1 especially z ! di/rict is1 f a manufactur+ & comm]cial /&po9t1 "o ( ! mo/ important along ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,v respectfully1 ,f4 ,h4 ,,newell1 ,*ief ,eng9e]4 ,,hon4 ,,*>les ,d4 ,,walcott ,director ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey4 ,,! ,,passaic ,,flood ,,( #aijc4 ,by ,,m>%all ,o4 ,,leighton4 ,,introduction4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages is giv5 a brief hi/ory ( ! disa/r\s flood :i* occurr$ 9 ! ,passaic ,riv] ,bas9 9 ,octob]1 #aijc4 ,9 ! report by ,george ,buell ,holli/] & ! writ]1 entitl$ ,! ,passaic ,flood ( #aijb1 & publi%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey z ,wat]-,supply & ,irrigation ,pap] ,no4 #hh1 are discuss$ ! pr9cipal physiographic features ( ! dra9age bas9 & _! g5]al relations to ! /ream fl[4 ,?is report w n repeat ?is in=mation1 & ! discussion w be conf9$ to ! flood itself4 ,ref]5ces to local features w be made )\t explanation1 ! presumption be+ t ?is publication %all accompany ! e>li] "o & be1 z x is1 a cont9uation ( x4 ,9 ! pres5t report m att5tion is giv5 to an e/imate ( damages ?an 9 ! e>li] "w1 & rem$ies by :i* deva/ation may be avoid$ are briefly consid]$4 ,passaic ,riv] ov]fl[$ its banks on ,octob] #h1 #aijc1 & rema9$ 9 flood until ,octob] #ai4 ,betwe5 ^! dates !re occurr$ ! greate/ & mo/ de/ructive flood ev] kn[n along ?is /ream4 ,ord9>ily ! *annel ( ! l[] ,passaic at full bank c>ries ab\t #ab1jjj cubic feet ( wat] p] second1 b at ! height ( ?is flood x c>ri$ ab\t #ce1gjj cubic feet p] second4 ,! flood p]iod = ! entire /ream c n be exactly /at$1 z ! ov]fl[ did n occur at ! same "t 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! bas94 ,= example1 ! gage-height records at ,dundee dam %[ t ! flood began to rise on ,octob] #h at #f4cj a4 m41 & rea*$ a maximum ( #i-a_/b in*es ov] ! dam cre/ at #i p4 m4 on ,octob] #aj4 ,simil>ly1 on ,beattie's dam at ,little ,falls ! flood began to rise at midnight on ,octob] #g1 & rea*$ its maximum at #b p4 m4 on ,octob] #aj1 or ab\t ?irty-eight h\rs aft] ! initial rise1 ! height ( ! wat] be+ #a4bi in*es ov] ! cre/ ( ! dam4 ,! flood rose on ! highl& tribut>ies z foll[s3 ,on ,ramapo ,riv] ! flood cre/ pass$ ,hillborn at ab\t #aj a4 m4 on ,octob] #i & rea*$ ,pompton1 at ! m\? ( ! riv]1 %ortly aft] noon ( ! same day4 ,! highe/ read+ record$ on ! ,geological ,survey gage at ! fe$] ( ,morris ,canal1 9 ,pompton ,pla9s1 0 #ad4c feet1 at ab\t #f o'clock on ! morn+ ( ,octob] #aj4 ,z ?is gage is read only once daily x is probable t ?is read+ does n repres5t ! height ( ! flood cre/4 ,evid5ce %[s t x pass$ ?is po9t on ! previ\s day4 ,records ( ! ,new>k wat] dep>tm5t %[ t ! flood on ,pequanac ,riv] began to rise at ,macop9 dam on ,octob] #h at noon1 & rose rapidly to ! maximum ( #f1jjj cubic feet p] second at #d p4 m4 on ,octob] #aj4 ,no records are available ) ref]5ce to ! rise ( flood on ,wanaque ,riv]4 ,obs]vations made on ,pompton ,pla9s on ! morn+ ( ! #aa? %[ t ,pompton ,riv] 0 well )9 its banks at t "t2 !re=e ! ,ramapo1 ,wanaque1 & ,pequanac mu/ h dis*>g$ _! flood wat]s "s "t previ\s to ?is h\r4 ,! fact is important :5 consid]$ 9 connection ) ! height ( wat] 9 ! ma9 /ream at t p]iod4 ,?is obs]vation 0 made only eighte5 h\rs aft] ! maximum height ov] ,beattie's dam at ,little ,falls1 & twelve h\rs aft] ! flood cre/ pass$ ,dundee dam4 ,! conditions "h outl9$ illu/rate ! rapidity ) :i* flood wat]s are dis*>g$ f ! ,pompton dra9age area1 & ! det]r+ effect ( ,great ,piece ,mead[s ^u ! flood4 ,! rise ( ! flood on ,rockaway ,riv] at ,old ,boonton 0 almo/ co9cid5t ) t on ,pequanac ,riv] at ,macop9 dam4 ,! maximum fl[ occurr$ f\rte5 h\rs lat] ?an ! maximum on ! ,ramapo at ,pompton4 ,! flood cre/ did n rea* ,*a?am on upp] ,passaic ,riv] until ! morn+ ( ,octob] #aa1 or ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs lat] ?an ! flood heights 9 ,pompton & ,rockaway riv]s1 & ab\t twelve h\rs lat] ?an ! maximum ov] ,dundee dam4 ,adequate reasons = ^! diff]5ces 9 flood p]iods betwe5 neighbor+ po9ts are abundant4 ,!y are app>5t aft] a review ( ! physiographic conditions describ$ 9 ,wat]-,supply ,pap] ,no4 #hh4 ,! flood ( #aijc 0 ! imm$iate result ( an enorm\s ra9fall1 & n1 z is (t5 ! case 9 nor? temp]ate latitudes1 ! comb9$ effect ( ra9fall & ! rapid melt+ ( accumulat$ sn[s4 ,! records ( wea!r-obs]vation /ations 9 nor!rn ,new ,j]sey & ,new ,york fail to %[1 ?r\gh\t _! entire obs]vation p]iods1 z great an am\nt ( precipitation 9 s %ort a p]iod4 ,! /orm :i* 0 ! imm$iate cause ( ! flood occurr$ pr9cipally betwe5 ,octob] #h & #aa4 ,dur+ t int]val ra9 fell to an av]age dep? ( #aa4gd in*es ov] ! ,passaic ,bas94 ,! ,passaic ,bas9 is fairly well suppli$ ) /orage facilities1 :i*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 w\ld temp] ! sev]ity ( floods by hold+ back a l>ge am\nt ( wat]4 ,9 ?is case no su* effect 0 produc$1 z ! res]voirs1 lakes1 & ponds on ! dra9age area 7 fill$1 or practically s1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! /orm1 & !re 0 consequ5tly no available space 9 :i* to hold back ev5 an appreciable "p ( ! run-(f wat]4 ,ov] "s ( ! dams 9 ! highl& region a comp>atively small am\nt ( wat] 0 be+ dis*>g$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! /orm4 ,!re=e1 :ile ^! /orage bas9s may h _h a c]ta9 det]r+ effect ^u ! rate ( flood accumulation1 !y c\ld n1 9 ! end1 assi/ mat]ially 9 prev5t+ damages 9 ! l[] "p ( ! dra9age area4 ,,precipitation4 ,! precipitation records = ,june1 ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb] are giv5 bel[3 ,precipitation1 9 in*es1 9 ,passaic ,valley & vic9ity1 ,june to ,septemb]1 #aijc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,june4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ,septemb]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,normal4 ,normal4 ,normal4 ,normal4 ,obs]v$4 ,obs]v$4 ,obs]v$4 ,obs]v$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,highl& region3 ,dov] #c4bi #ae4jb #e4ed #e4dg #e4jh #i4jd #d4jb #c4ci ,*e/] #c4dh #ab4hj #f4db #g4ei #e4af #i4ce #d4fj 444 ,*>lotteburg #c4eb #i4de #e4ed #c4ig #d4ih #g4gh #d4hj #c4bi ,r+wood 444 #aj4ac 444 #c4jh 444 #f4ag 444 #c4jf ,r$ ,s&/one pla93 ,pat]son #d4ca #aa4ag #e4cb #e4dj #d4ca #aj4hi #d4hf #b4hh ,hanov] #c4cb 444 #e4bc #e4dj #e4bj #i4dj #d4eb 444 ,riv] ,vale #c4ag #aj4fb #d4hg #c4da #d4ag 444 #c4fa #b4ij ,essex ,fells #c4jh 444 #g4jc 444 #e4ie 444 #c4fg #a4hj ,new>k #c4fj #aa4ea #d4dh #d4bg #d4ge #ad4ed #c4hc #d4ef ,s\? ,orange #c4eg #i4bh #e4dc #d4bb #e4je #ac4ge #d4jd #c4hj ,new ,york ,city #c4ac #g4db #d4bf #c4bc #d4gj #e4if #c4gb #b4fj ,pla9field #c4fb #aj4ad #e4hf #d4gj #d4cg #f4hg #d4db #g4aj ,elizabe? #c4fh #h4gf #e4gd #d4ca #d4bf #g4ae #d4ad #d4ch ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,an exam9ation ( ! above table %[s t ?r\gh\t ! summ] ( #aijc ! precipitation 0 consid]ably above normal4 ,! records = ,june & ,augu/ indicate extremely wet mon?s1 & ! ,july figures are slightly above :ile ! ,septemb] figures are some:at bel[ normal4 ,! important fact %[n by ?is table is t disa/r\s floods may occur aft] long p]iods ( abundant ra9s4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t heavy precipitation may be expect$ aft] protract$ p]iods ( dr\ght4 ,su* a belief is n altoge!r fanciful4 ,9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ?is c\ntry ! total am\nt ( precipitation is approximately uni=m f ye> to ye>4 ,! v>iations1 comp>atively speak+1 are n v wide1 & we are !re=e l$ to expect t !re are 9 op]ation influ5ces :i* s]ve to comp5sate = excesses or defici5cies 9 our annual ra9fall4 ,!re=e aft] ! abundant precipitation ( ! summ] ( #aijc1 an obs]v] might h _h "s measure ( ju/ification 9 pr$ict+ a normally or abnormally dry fall4 ,9 view ( ! actual ev5ts ! fact mu/ be emphasiz$ t 9 adopt+ measures to prev5t floods ! m>g9 ( safety mu/ be extremely wide4 ,! extraord9>y ra9fall ( ^? ?ree ,octob] days c n ) assurance be accept$ z ! maximum4 ,precipitation1 9 in*es1 9 ,passaic ,valley & vic9ity1 ,octob] #g to #aa1 #aijc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,f-- ,to-- ,/ation4 ---------------------------------- ,am\nt4 ,day4 ,h\r4 ,day4 ,h\r4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,highl& region3 ,dov] #g #aa #i p4m4 #aj4ac ,little ,falls #g #d a4m4 #aa #g a4m4 #ad4ac ,*>lotteburg #g #aj #ab4fg ,r+wood #h #aa a4m4 #i #h p4m4 #aj4fc ,r$ ,s&/one pla93 ,pat]son #g #e a4m4 #i #c4de p4m4 #ae4jd ,riv] ,vale #h #h a4m4 #aa #f p4m4 #ab4ee ,essex ,fells #h #i #d p4m4 #aj4ff ,new>k #h #h4cj a4m4 #aa #e a4m4 #ab4ji ,s\? ,orange #h #f a4m4 #aj ,night #aj4dh ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,! extremely rapid rate ( precipitation dur+ ! crucial "p ( ! /orm is %[n by ! record+ gages plac$ at obs]vation /ations 9 ,new>k & ,new ,york ,city4 ,h\rly records ( precipitation at ,new ,york obs]vation /ation1 ,octob] #h & #i1 #aijc4 ,in*es4 ,oct4 #h1 #i to #aj a4 m4 #j4jh #aj to #aa a4 m4 4#jb #aa to #ab m4 4#cb #ab m4 to #a p4 m4 4#aj #a to #b p4 m4 4#je #b to #c p4 m4 4#jf #c to #d p4 m4 4#cd #d to #e p4 m4 4#ja #e to #f p4 m4 4#aj #f to #g p4 m4 4#jb #g to #h p4 m4 4#ic #h to #i p4 m4 4#cb #i to #aj p4 m4 4#bd #aj to #aa p4 m4 4#bg #aa to #ab p4 m4 4#bf #i1 #ab to #a a4 m4 4#cj ,oct4 #i1 #a to #b a4 m4 #j4be #b to #c a4 m4 4#ge #c to #d a4 m4 4#cd #d to #e a4 m4 4#df #e to #f a4 m4 4#da #f to #g a4 m4 4#bi #g to #h a4 m4 4#ea #h to #i a4 m4 #a4ch #i to #aj a4 m4 #a4jd #aj to #aa a4 m4 4#jh #aa to #ab m4 4#bc #ab m4 to #a p4 m4 4#bd #a to #b p4 m4 4#ca #b to #c p4 m4 4#cb #c to #d p4 m4 4#ja ,total #f4ib ,h\rly record ( precipitation at ,new>k obs]vation /ation1 ,octob] #h-aa1 #aijc4 ,in*es4 ,oct4 #h1 #h4be to #i a4 m4 #j4je #i to #aj a4 m4 4#jd #aj to #aa a4 m4 4#jj #aa to #ab m4 4#jj #ab m4 to #a p4 m4 4#ad #a to #b p4 m4 4#gb #b to #c p4 m4 4#di #c to #d p4 m4 4#aa #d to #e p4 m4 #a4je #e to #f p4 m4 4#de #f to #g p4 m4 #a4bj #g to #h p4 m4 4#fj #h to #i p4 m4 4#bd #i to #aj p4 m4 4#bd #aj to #aa p4 m4 4#ac #aa to #ab p4 m4 4#ag #i1 #ab to #a a4 m4 4#bi #a to #b a4 m4 4#cc #b to #c a4 m4 4#fb #c to #d a4 m4 4#bi #d to #e a4 m4 4#ce #e to #f a4 m4 4#bf #f to #g a4 m4 4#ac ,oct4 #i1 #g to #h a4 m4 #j4bi #h to #i a4 m4 4#fi #i to #aj a4 m4 4#fi #aj to #aa a4 m4 4#ci #aa to #abm4 4#bj #abm4 to #a p4 m4 4#ci #a to #b p4 m4 4#bh #b to #c p4 m4 4#cd #c to #c4be p4 m4 4#ac #aa4ej to #aa4ee p4 m4 4#ja #aj1 #c to #d a4 m4 4#jb #g to #h p4 m4 4#jg #h to #i p4 m4 4#ji #i to #aj p4 m4 4#jb #aj to #aa p4 m4 4#jd #aa to #ab p4 m4 4#jd #aa1 #ab to #a a4 m4 4#jf #a to #b a4 m4 4#ji #b to #c a4 m4 4#jc #c to #d a4 m4 4#je #d to #e a4 m4 4#ja ,total #aa4hc ,f ! above tables x may be se5 t ! maximum rate ( precipitation p] h\r 0 #a4ch in*es at ,new ,york & #a4b in*es at ,new>k4 ,comp>ison ( ! tables on pages #aa & #ab gives an excell5t idea ( ! int5sity ( ! /orm4 ,! am\nt ( wat] fall+ 9 a s+le /orm is ne>ly equal to ! total = ,june1 a mon? ( unusual precipitation4 ,! av]age ( ! total am\nts ( precipitation record$ at ! v>i\s /ations 9 ! ,passaic area is #aa4gd in*es4 ,^! totals are fairly uni=m1 none ( !m v>y+ widely f ! av]age4 ,!re=e ! figure #aa4gd repres5ts a cons]vative mean = a calculation ( total am\nt ( wat] ov] ! dra9age area4 ,assum+ ?is z ! correct dep?1 ! am\nt ( wat] :i* fell on ea* squ>e mile ( ! ,passaic dra9age area dur+ ! /orm 0 #bg1bgc1jjj cubic feet1 or = ! :ole ,passaic dra9age area ov] #bg1jjj1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 weigh+ ab\t #heb1jjj1jjj tons4 ,?is am\nt ( wat] w\ld1 if prop]ly /or$1 fill a lake ) tw5ty times ! capacity ( ,gre5wood ,lake1 w\ld cov] ,c5tral ,p>k 9 ,new ,york ,city1 :i* has an area ( ab\t #a4e squ>e miles1 to a height ( #fde feet1 &1 at ! pres5t rate ( wat] consumption 9 ! city ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 w\ld supply ! city ) wat] = tw5ty ye>s4 ,,desc5t ,,( ,,flood4 ,,highl& ,,tribut>ies ,,& ,,c5tral ,,bas94 ,a description ( ! desc5t ( flood wat]s f ! highl& tribut>ies into ! ,c5tral ,bas9 has be5 giv5 9 ,wat]-,supply ,pap] ,no4 #hh4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! l&s ( ! ,c5tral ,bas9 are cov]$ ev5 9 ord9>y fre%ets1 & t 9 ! ev5t ( a great flood ! wat]s m]ely rise high]1 be+1 = ! great] ext5t1 almo/ quiesc5t1 & beyond ! flood+ ( h\ses & b>ns & ! de/ruction ( crops1 little damage is done4 ,9 o!r words1 ! flood along ?is portion is n torr5tial 9 "*4 ,dur+ ! flood ( #aijc ! wat] fell s quickly all ov] ?is bas91 & 0 collect$ s rapidly by ! small tribut>ies1 t a lake 0 =m$ at once :i* s]v$ z a cu%ion aga9/ :i* ! rag+ torr5t ( ! highl& tribut>ies sp5t itself )\t do+ extraord9>y damage 9 t imm$iate region4 ,bridges :i* might h be5 lo/ 9 a small] flood l t ( #aijb 7 actually /&+ 9 slack wat] by ! "t ! m\nta9 torr5ts appe>$ 9 =ce4 ,^! /reams caus$ mu* de/ruction high] up 9 ! m\nta9s1 b 9 ! ,c5tral ,bas9 _! en]gy became pot5tial--a ga!r+ ( =ces to be loos$ ^u ! l[] valley4 ,a discussion ( ! effects ( ?is w be tak5 up "u ! head+ ,damages4 ,9 ,wat]-,supply ,pap] ,no4 #hh is giv5 ! proportion ( flood wat]s contribut$ to ! ,c5tral ,bas9 by ea* ( ! tribut>ies4 ,^! figures 7 comput$ f ! results ( gag+s ma9ta9$ = a p]iod suffici5t to af=d ?is in=mation )9 a reasonable approximation4 ,9 ! case ( ! /orm :i* result$ 9 ! flood ( #aijc x is probable t data ref]r$ to c n be safely appli$4 ,! flood ( #aijb 0 ! result ( abundant ra9s foll[+ ^u & melt+ a heavy sn[4 ,wea!r ,bureau records %[ t nei!r ! dep? ( ! sn[ nor ! am\nt ( subsequ5t ra9fall 0 uni=m1 or ev5 approximately s1 ov] ! ,passaic dra9age area4 ,inde$1 s m>k$ 0 ! v>iation t x 0 believ$ t ! mean ra9fall = all ! obs]vation /ations on ! bas9 did n be> suffici5t relation to obs]v$ run-(f to all[ ( any reliable d$uctions4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,octob] /orm1 h[ev]1 ! di/ribution ( ra9fall 0 m ne>ly uni=m1 & ! run-(f f ! highl& tribut>ies into ! ,c5tral ,bas9 mu/ h be5 proportionately diff]5t 9 am\nt f t indicat$ 9 ! upl& tribut>y tables 9 ! report ( ! previ\s flood4 ,! data giv5 = ! #aijb flood c n1 !re=e1 9 ! case ( ! highl& tribut>ies1 be appli$ to ! conditions :i* obta9$ 9 ! flood ( #aijc4 ,,flood ,,at ,,macop9 ,,dam4 ,mr4 ,morris ,r4 ,%]r]d1 eng9e] ( ! ,new>k city wat] bo>d1 has furni%$ fl[ computations ov] ,macop9 intake dam1 :i* is ! head ( ! ,new>k pipe l9e4 ,z ab\t #gc p] c5t ( ! ,pequanac dra9age area lies above ?is intake1 ! table on page #af %[s r\ghly an equival5t p]c5tage ( ! fl[ contribut$ by ,pequanac ,riv] to ! ,c5tral ,bas9 ( ! ,passaic4 ,9 consult+ ?is table x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! entire run-(f ( ! dra9age area above ,macop9 is ab\t #be1jjj1jjj gallons p] day m ?an ! am\nts pres5t$ 9 ?is table4 ,all res]voirs & ponds connect$ ) ! cons]vancy sy/em ( ! ,new>k wat] supply 7 fill$ except t at ,oakridge1 :i* 0 ab\t #a4e feet bel[ ! cre/ ( ! spillway4 ,fl[ ( ,pequanac ,riv] ov] ,macop9 dam1 ,octob] #g-bd1 #aijc4 ,f ,new>k wat] dep>tm5t4 ,cubic feet4 ,oct4 #h1 #f a4 m4 to #ab m4 #bdj1fjj #abm4 to #d p4 m4 #cdg1fjj #d to #f p4 m4 #hdb1bjj #h-i1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #dj1aaj1jjj #i1 #f a4 m4 to #ab m4 #ea1hgj1jjj #abm4 to #a p4 m4 #ae1ajj1jjj #a to #e p4 m4 #fb1dcj1jjj #e to #aj p4 m4 #hi1jdj1jjj #aj to #aa p4 m4 #ai1ebj1jjj #i-aj1 #aj p4 m4 to #h a4 m4 #bja1cej1jjj #aj1 #h a4 m4 to #ab m4 #ge1fgj1jjj #ab m4 to #f p4 m4 #ajc1fej1jjj #f to #ab p4 m4 #gc1ecj1jjj #aa1 #ab to #f a4 m4 #ef1hbj1jjj #f a4 m4 to #abm4 #da1ddj1jjj #ab m4 to #f p4 m4 #cb1gee1jjj #f to #ab p4 m4 #be1ffe1jjj #ab1 #ab to #f a4 m4 #bc1hjj1jjj #f a4 m4 to #abm4 #bj1gbe1jjj #ab m4 to #f p4 m4 #ah1dej1jjj #f to #ab p4 m4 #ae1aje1jjj #ac1 #ab to #f a4 m4 #ac1cgj1jjj #f a4 m4 to #ab m4 #aa1hij1jjj #ab m4 to #f p4 m4 #aa1bcj1jjj #f to #ab p4 m4 #aa1bcj1jjj #ad1 #ab to #f a4 m4 #i1fbf1jjj #f a4 m4 to #ab m4 #h1fij1jjj #ab m4 to #f p4 m4 #h1jbb1jjj #f to #ab p4 m4 #g1cec1jjj #ae1 #ab to #f a4 m4 #f1ieb1jjj #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #ab1gjj1jjj #ae-af1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #aj1ife1jjj #af1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #aj1jbe1jjj #af-ag1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #i1jia1jjj #ag1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #h1fij1jjj #ag-ah1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #i1hic1jjj #ah1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #aj1efe1jjj #ah-ai1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #h1fij1jjj #ai1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #f1ieb1jjj #ai-bj1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #f1aej1jjj #bj1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #e1hhb1jjj #bj-ba1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #e1gdi1jjj #ba1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #e1dha1jjj #ba-bb1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #e1bad1jjj #bb1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #d1add1jjj #bb-bc1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #c1fgg1jjj #bc1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #c1hgg1jjj #bc-bd1 #f p4 m4 to #f a4 m4 #e1gdi1jjj #bd1 #f a4 m4 to #f p4 m4 #e1fae1jjj ,,flood ,,at ,,beattie',s ,,dam1 ,,little ,,falls4 ,! fl[ ov] ,beattie's dam at ,little ,falls1 has be5 calculat$ accord+ to coeffici5ts us$ = ! same dam 9 ,wat]-,supply ,pap] ,no4 #hh4 ,record$ gage heights %[ t ov] ! ma9 dam !re 0 a maximum dep? ( #aa4ab feet1 :i* cont9u$ f #b to #h p4 m41 on ,octob] #aj1 repres5t+ a maximum fl[ ( #ca1fge cubic feet p] second4 7,see ,pl4 ,i1 ,a47 ,9 ! foll[+ table is set =? ! fl[ ( ! riv] ov] ,beattie's dam dur+ ! flood1 & = purposes ( comp>ison1 ! figures = ! flood p]iod ( ,m>*1 #aijb4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d 9 consult+ ?is table1 t 9 ! case ( ! flood ( #aijc exact dates & h\rs are giv51 :ile ! figures = ! #aijb flood repres5t fl[ det]m9ations at six-h\r int]vals1 beg9n+ ) ! initial rise ( t flood4 99 99 99 99 99 ,u4 ,s4 ,,geological ,,survey ,,wat]-,,supply ,,pap] ,,no4 #ib ,,pl4 ,i ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,beattie',s ,,dam1 ,,little ,,falls1 ,n4 ,j41 ,,9 ,,flood4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4 ,,flood-,,wat] ,,l9es ,,9 ,,resid5ce ,,di/rict1 ,,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,flood fl[ ov] ,beattie's dam dur+ floods ( #aijb & #aijc4 ---------------------------------------- - ,date & h\r4 #aijc4 #aijb4;,a ---------------------------------------- - ,sec4-feet4 ,sec4-feet4 ,oct4 #h4 #ab p4m #a1fde #dij #i4 #f a4m4 #d1bce #gjj #ab m4 #h1efj #a1cej #f p4m4 #ae1gee #b1abj #ab p4m4 #bc1ibg #c1edj #aj4 #f a4m4 #bh1cgj #d1bej #ab m4 #ca1cje #d1fjj #f p4m4 #ca1fge #e1jjj #ab p4m4 #cj1ggj #f1ejj #aa4 #f a4m4 #bi1hdj #g1fjj #ab m4 #bh1iej #h1bej #f p4m4 #bf1ifj #i1jjj #ab p4m4 #be1ecj #aj1bjj #ab4 #f a4m4 #bd1dce #aa1dej #ab m4 #bb1fbe #ad1gjj #f p4m4 #bj1haj #ah1aej #ab p4m4 #ah1fee #bj1fej #ac4 #f a4m4 #ag1icj #bb1bjj #ab m4 #af1aij #bb1gjj #f p4m4 #ad1ijj #bc1djj #ab p4m4 #ac1fae #bc1cjj #ad4 #f a4m4 #ab1cdj #bb1iej #ab m4 #aa1gdj #bb1fej #f p4m4 #aj1ige #bb1cej #ab p4m4 #i1hbj #bb1ajj #ae4 #f a4m4 #i1ahj #ba1aej #ab m4 #h1ccj #ai1ijj #f p4m4 #g1gjj #ah1ijj #ab p4m4 #g1jje #ag1cej #af4 #f a4m4 #f1fie #ae1gej #ab m4 #e1ibj #ac1ijj #f p4m4 #e1fbj #ac1cjj #ab p4m4 #e1cfj #aa1hjj #ag4 #f a4m4 #d1hee #aj1fej ,bel[ full bank #h1ijj ,d4 #h1ejj ,d4 #h1ajj ,d4 #h1bjj ,d4 #g1jjj ,d4 #f1bej ,d4 #e1ijj ,d4 #e1cjj ,d4 #e1bjj ,d4 #d1ijj ---------------------------------------- - ,footnote ,a3 ,at six-h\r int]vals4 ,,flood ,,fl[ ,,ov] ,,dundee ,,dam4 ,! flood1 z indicat$ by gage heights at ,dundee dam1 la/$ f ab\t #f4cj p4 m4 ,octob] #h to ab\t midnight ,octob] #ah4 ,al?\gh ! maximum record$ gage height 0 #ai in*es high] ?an dur+ ! flood ( #aijb1 ! actual "t dur+ :i* ! riv] 0 out ( its banks 0 =ty-five h\rs less ?an at ! e>li] flood4 ,exam9ation ( fig4 #a %[s t ! flood ( #aijc 0 decid$ly m int5se ?an t ( #aijb1 ! maximum height be+ rea*$ 9 #aijc 9 ab\t sixty h\rs1 :ile 9 #aijb ! maximum 0 n rea*$ until ! expiration ( ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty h\rs4 ,at ,dundee dam ! famili> break 9 ! progress ( ! flood took place ab\t ?irty-five h\rs aft] ! initial rise4 ,x occurr$ be=e ! "t ( ! maximum gage height at ! m\? ( ,pompton ,riv]1 & !re is no?+ to indicate t x 0 caus$1 z has be5 claim$1 by slack wat] f ! ,pompton flood be+ =c$ back into ,great ,piece ,mead[s4 ,!re is no d\bt t a "p ( ! ,pompton flood 0 s div]t$1 b !re 0 ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t at ,little ,falls a /eady pressure1 :i* con/antly increas$ to maximum4 ,?is flood *eck1 at ,dundee dam 0 obs]v$ 9 #aijb1 b x c\ld n be %[n to arise f ! frequ5tly m5tion$ ph5om5a at ! m\? ( ,pompton ,riv]4 ,x is important to prove or disprove ?is hypo!sis4 ,if x 7 f\nd to be true1 x c\ld be advantage\sly tak5 into consid]ation 9 connection ) measures = ! prev5tion ( flood damages4 ,z ! ,pompton _h no su* effect ^u ! flood fl[ at ,dundee dam 9 two consecutive hi/oric floods1 ! writ] is incl9$ to believe t ! idea is entirely errone\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,comp>ative flood run-(f at ,dundee dam1 ,m>*1 #aijb1 & ,octob]1 #aijc4 ,s9ce ! fl[ curves 9 fig4 #a 7 drawn x has be5 f\nd by c>eful obs]vation t ! depressions :i* occur 9 ! rise ( e flood ov] ,dundee dam are probably due to ! c>ry+ away ( ! fla%bo>ds :i* are plac$ ^u ! dam cre/ 9 times ( l[ wat]4 ,a review ( ! gage heights record$ by floods = sev]al ye>s pa/ %[s t ! break occurs :5 ! height ( wat] ov] ! dam cre/ rea*es f #dj to #fj in*es4 ,! fla%bo>ds us$ ^u ?is dam are usually #ah in*es wide1 & z !y are support$ by iron rods1 :i* are ( approximately ! same /r5g? & are plac$ ^u ! dam by "o crew ( workm51 x may be safely assum$ t !y are ( approximately equal /ability & might be expect$ to fail almo/ simultane\sly along ! l5g? ( ! dam cre/4 ,s sudd5 a decrease 9 ! effectual height ( ! dam mu/ l[] ! wat] on ! dam cre/ m>k$ly1 & z e o!r probable cause has be5 elim9at$ 9 ! case ( ! rec5t flood1 ! explanation ( ! *eck 9 ! progress ( floods ov] ?is dam may be safety accept$ z due to c>ry+ away ( fla%bo>ds4 ,?is effect %\ld be app>5t 9 ! gage-height records only4 ,9 ! fl[ diagrams 7figs4 #a & #b7 ! effect w\ld n be ! same1 b ! curve w\ld rise m %>ply4 ,simil>ly1 ! measurem5ts at ! beg9n+ are n correct1 z !y are calculat$ accord+ to gage heights measur$ f ! /one cre/ ( ! dam4 ,!re=e1 a true flood curve at ?is po9t w\ld be mu* flatt] at ! beg9n+ & rise %>ply at a p]iod co9cid5t ) ! c>ry+ away ( ! fla%bo>ds4 ,an important diff]5ce betwe5 ! two floods is t ! e>li] cont9u$ long]1 b ! lat] "o 0 mu* high]4 ,! flood ( #aijb 0 caus$ by ! turn+ ( an equival5t ( approximately #f in*es ( precipitation into ! ma9 *annel dur+ a p]iod ( six days4 ,9 ! deluge ( #aijc !re fell #aa4gd in*es ( ra91 ! great] "p ( :i* 0 precipitat$ 9 #cf h\rs4 ,?us x is se5 t !re 0 9 ! flood ( #aijc a l>g] ra9fall dur+ a mu* %ort] p]iod ?an 9 ! flood ( #aijb4 ,computation %[s t ! total run-(f f ! dra9age area above ,dundee dam dur+ ! e>li] flood 0 #ac1cgi1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 & t on acc\nt ( ! froz5 condition ( ! gr\nd at t "t ?is am\nt ( wat] repres5t$ practically all ( ! precipitation4 ,dur+ ! flood ( #aijc !re 0 a total run-(f = ! same area ( #ad1ggb1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 :i* repres5ts ab\t #ff p] c5t ( ! obs]v$ precipitation4 ,accord+ to ^! figures ! total am\nt ( run-(f 9 ! #aijc flood 0 only #aj p] c5t great] ?an t 9 #aijb1 :ile ! actual flood height dur+ ! #aijc flood 0 #bg p] c5t high] ?an dur+ ! flood ( #aijb4 ,! above comp>ison %[s1 9 a /rik+ mann]1 ! effect ( ! condition ( ! surface4 ,9 ! case ( ! lat] flood we _h1 z has be5 /at$ 9 previ\s pages1 an area :i* _h be5 well wat]$ dur+ ! previ\s summ]1 & ! obs]v$ gr\nd-wat] levels 7 fairly high4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 suffici5t /orage capacity 9 ! bas9 to reta9 ab\t #cd p] c5t ( ! precipitation occurr+ betwe5 ,octob] #g & #aa4 ,?is wat] mu/ h be5 l>gely absorb$ by ! e>?4 ,! g5]al relations ( ! floods ( #aijc & #aijb c !re=e be briefly /at$ z foll[s3 ,g5]al relations ( floods ( #aijc & #aijb4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,av]age ,duration ( ,maximum ,total precipitation4precipitation4 flood fl[4 run-(f4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,in*es4 ,days4 ,sec4-feet4 ,cubic feet4 #aijb #f #f #bd1hjj #ac1cgi1jjj1jjj #aijc #aa4gd #c #ce1gjj #ad1ggb1jjj1jjj ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------ ,run-(f4 ,duration ( flood at ,dundee dam4 ------------------------ ,p] c5t4 ,h\rs4 ,b#ajj #bgj #ff #bbe ------------------------ ,footnote ,b3 ,approximately ,9 ! foll[+ table & fig4 #b are record$ gage heights tak5 at h\rly int]vals dur+ ! crucial "p ( ! flood & ! am\nt ( wat] express$ 9 cubic feet p] second fl[+ ov] ! cre/ ( ! dam at ea* gage height4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,diagram ( flood fl[ at ,dundee dam1 flood ( #aijc4 ,fl[ ( ,passaic ,riv] at ,dundee dam1 #aijc4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,date & h\r4 ,gage4 ,fl[4 ---------------------------------------- - ,feet4 ,sec4-feet4 ,oct4 #h4 #f4cj a4 m4 #j4ff #ghj #a p4 m4 #a4ej #c1age #f4cj p4 m4 #b4ag #e1ejj #h p4 m4 #b4ei #g1cjj #aj p4 m4 #c4jj #i1abe #aa p4 m4 #c4cc #aj1gjj #ab p4 m4 #c4ej #aa1ebe #i4 #a a4 m4 #c4ej #aa1eej #b4cj a4 m4 #c4ei #aa1iej #d a4 m4 #c4ej #aa1ebe #f a4 m4 #c4ff #ab1cjj #h4cj a4 m4 #c4ge #ab1gge #i4dj a4 m4 #d4jj #ad1jge #aj4ee a4 m4 #d4ff #ag1fej #ab m4 #d4ge #ah1bjj #a p4 m4 #e4be #ba1jej #b p4 m4 #e4cg #ba1gej #c p4 m4 #e4de #bb1bej #c4de p4 m4 #e4cg #ba1gej #d4be p4 m4 #e4bi #ba1cjj #e p4 m4 #e4bc #bj1iej #e4de p4 m4 #e4ai #bj1gjj #f4cj p4 m4 #e4ag #bj1fjj #g p4 m4 #e4aa #bj1bej #h p4 m4 #e4ac #bj1cej #i p4 m4 #e4ag #bj1fjj #aj p4 m4 #e4ba #bj1gej #aa p4 m4 #e4bg #ba1aej #ab p4 m4 #e4d #ba1iej #aj4 #a a4 m4 #e4e #bb1ejj #b a4 m4 #e4ff #bc1ejj #c a4 m4 #e4gc #bc1ijj #d a4 m4 #e4ia #be1jej #e a4 m4 #f4jj #be1fej #f a4 m4 #f4b #bf1ijj #g a4 m4 #f4cc #bg1gjj #h a4 m4 #f4d #bh1aej #i a4 m4 #f4f #bi1djj #aj a4 m4 #f4hc #cj1gej #aa a4 m4 #f4hi #ca1bej #aa4ce a4 m4 #f4ig #ca1gej #ab m4 #f4ic #ca1dej #a p4 m4 #f4ie #ca1fej #b p4 m4 #g4ac #cb1hjj #c p4 m4 #g4ai #cc1aej #d p4 m4 #g4be #cc1ejj #e p4 m4 #g4ci #cd1dej #f p4 m4 #g4ci #cd1dej #g p4 m4 #g4dj #cd1ejj #h p4 m4 #g4ed #ce1cej #i p4 m4 #g4fb #ce1hjj #aj p4 m4 #g4fj #ce1gjj #aa p4 m4 #g4eg #ce1ejj #ab p4 m4 #g4dc #cd1fej #aa4 #a a4 m4 #g4dg #cd1iej #b a4 m4 #g4e #ce1ajj #c a4 m4 #g4db #cd1gjj #d a4 m4 #g4c #cd1dej #e a4 m4 #g4c #cd1aej #f a4 m4 #g4c #cd1aej #g a4 m4 #g4cg #cd1cjj #h a4 m4 #g4cc #cd1ajj #i a4 m4 #g4ca #cc1ijj #aj a4 m4 #g4bc #cc1dej #aa a4 m4 #g4be #cb1ebe #ab m4 #g4ah #cc1ajj #a p4 m4 #g4ah #cc1ajj #b p4 m4 #g4ag #cc1cjj #c p4 m4 #g4jh #cb1dej #d p4 m4 #g4jj #ca1iej #e p4 m4 #f4if #ca1gjj #f p4 m4 #f4hi #ca1bej #g p4 m4 #f4hf #ca1jej #h p4 m4 #f4hc #cj1hej #i p4 m4 #f4gi #cj1fjj #aj p4 m4 #f4ha #cj1gjj #aa p4 m4 #f4gc #cj1bjj #ab p4 m4 #f4ga #cj1ajj #ab4 #a a4 m4 #f4fc #bi1fjj #b a4 m4 #f4ei #bi1cej #c a4 m4 #f4ee #bi1ajj #d a4 m4 #f4ea #bh1hjj #e a4 m4 #f4db #bh1bej #f a4 m4 #f4db #bh1bej #g a4 m4 #f4ci #bh1ajj #h a4 m4 #f4ci #bh1ajj #i a4 m4 #f4be #bg1bjj #aj a4 m4 #f4ba #bf1iej #aa a4 m4 #f4ag #bf1gjj #ab m4 #f4je #bf1ajj #a p4 m4 #f4jf #bf1jej #b p4 m #e4ic #be1bjj #c p4 m4 #e4hi #bd1iej #d p4 m4 #e4hg #bd1hjj #e p4 m4 #e4gi #bd1cjj #f p4 m #e4gg #bd1aej #g p4 m4 #e4ge #bd1bej #h p4 m4 #e4gc #bc1iej #i p4 m #e4fc #bc1cjj #aj p4 m4 #e4ei #bc1ajj #aa p4 m4 #e4ed #bb1gej #ab p4 m4 #e4di #bb1dej #ac4 #a a4 m4 #e4dd #bb1bjj #b a4 m4 #e4ci #ba1jjj #c a4 m4 #e4ce #ba1fej #d a4 m4 #e4cj #ba1cej #e a4 m4 #e4bd #ba1jjj #f a4 m4 #e4ba #bj1hej #g a4 m4 #e4af #bj1ebe #h a4 m4 #e4ac #bj1cej #i a4 m4 #e4jh #bj1ajj #aj a4 m4 #e4jd #ai1hjj #aa a4 m4 #e4jj #ai1efj #ab m4 #d4id #ai1bjj #a p4 m4 #d4hi #ah1ijj #b p4 m4 #d4he #ah1gjj #c p4 m4 #d4hd #ah1fej #d p4 m4 #d4ge #ah1bjj #e p4 m4 #d4ga #ag1ijj #f p4 m4 #d4ff #ag1fej #g p4 m4 #d4fd #ag1eej #h p4 m4 #d4ei #ag1bej #i p4 m4 #d4ed #ag1jjj #aj p4 m4 #d4ea #af1gej #aa p4 m4 #d4di #af1gjj #ab p4 m4 #d4cg #af1jjj #ad4 #a a4 m4 #d4cg #af1jjj #b a4 m4 #d4ce #ae1ibe #c a4 m4 #d4ce #ae1ibe #d a4 m4 #d4cc #ae1hjj #e a4 m4 #d4cd #ae1hej #f a4 m4 #d4ca #ae1gjj #g a4 m4 #d4bg #ae1ejj #h a4 m4 #d4be #ae1cjj #i a4 m4 #d4ag #ad1ijj #aj a4 m4 #d4jh #ad1ejj #aa a4 m4 #d4je #ad1cbe #ab m4 #d4jb #ad1aej #a p4 m4 #d4jb #ad1aej #b p4 m4 #d4ja #ad1ajj #c p4 m4 #c4ig #ac1ijj #d p4 m4 #c4id #ac1gej #e p4 m4 #c4he #ac1cjj #f p4 m4 #c4ge #ab1gge #g p4 m4 #c4ge #ab1gge #i p4 m4 #c4ga #ab1eej #ab p4 m4 #c4ff #ab1cjj #ae4 #f4cj a4 m4 #c4ej #aa1ebe #a p4 m4 #c4da #aa1jej #f4cj p4 m4 #c4da #aa1jej #af4 #f4cj a4 m4 #c4jj #i1abe #a p4 m4 #c4jj #i1abe #f4cj p4 m4 #b4ia #h1gjj #ag4 #f4cj a4 m4 #b4e #f1ijj #a p4 m4 #b4e #f1ijj #f4cj p4 m4 #b4e #f1ijj #ah4 #f4cj a4 m4 #b4e #f1ijj #a p4m4 #b4da #f1ejj #f4cj p4 m4 #b4cc #f1bjj #ai4 #f4cj a4 m4 #b #d1ijj #a p4 m4 #b #d1ijj #f4cj p4 m4 #b #d1ijj ,,damages4 ,,g5]al ,,/atem5ts4 ,e/imates ( flood damages are always approximations only4 ,x is possible to det]m9e ) a fair degree ( assurance ! co/ ( replac+ /ructures :i* h be5 c>ri$ away1 to e/imate ! value ( goods de/roy$--especially if !y be commodities /or$ 9 %ops or w>eh\ses--to calculate ! am\nt ( op]atives' wages lo/1 & 9 ! case ( g5]al m]cantile bus9ess to e/imate ! damages incurr$ ?r\gh consequ5t r$uction ( trade4 ,de/ruction by flood1 h[ev] va/1 is incomplete4 ,x diff]s mat]ially f de/ruction by fire1 = (t5 de/ructible prop]ty is ( value aft] floods h pass$4 ,build+s :i* are inundat$ /ill reta9 value1 & _m k9ds ( m]*&ise are n totally de/roy$4 ,!re=e :5 ! am\nt ( damages is calculat$ !re is always to be tak5 into consid]ation ! fact t a "p ( ! mat]ial :i* has be5 flood$ c be reclaim$1 & reta9s "s proportion1 at lea/1 ( ! value :i* x _h previ\sly possess$4 ,fur!rmore1 damages by flood ent] into practically e detail ( social & bus9ess affairs4 ,!re are losses :i* are sev]e to "o or m p]sons1 & :i* c n be appreciat$ except by ^? :om ! floods h actually ov]tak54 ,!re=e e/imations ( flood damages c be only approximate1 & :ile a measure ( accuracy may be rea*$ ) respect to a "p ( ! losses1 !re rema9s a necessity = approximation :i* c n be class$ ) c>efully comput$ damages along o!r l9es4 ,,highl& ,,tribut>ies4 ,along ! ?ree nor!rn tribut>ies1 ! ,ramapo1 ,wanaque1 & ,pequanac1 & at _! conflu5ce ) ! ,pompton1 ! de/ruction by flood wat]s 0 f> great] ?an along ! ,rockaway1 ,:ippany1 & upp] ,passaic1 or 9 t area describ$ z ! ,c5tral ,bas94 ,9 ! dra9age areas ( ! ?ree tribut>ies la/ m5tion$ ! wat]s 7 high] ?an 9 ! flood ( #aijb1 b ! g5]al effects 7 ( ! same nature1 & consi/$ pr9cipally ( flood$ l&s1 h\ses1 & wa%\ts4 ,!re 7 few radical cases ( complete de/ruction l ^? :i* m>k$ ! c\rse ( ! flood 9 ! nor!rn tribut>ies4 ,! pr9cipal int]e/ is !re=e conf9$ to ! ,pompton & ! ?ree highl& tribut>ies :i* dis*>ge into x4 ,ramapo ,riv]4--,! greate/ de/ruction 0 along ! ,ramapo4 ,x is ! l>ge/ ( ! upl& bran*es1 & 0 !re=e ! heavie/ contributor to ! ma9 /ream4 ,?r\gh\t ! flood p]iod ! /ream 0 especially viol5t1 caus+ great appreh5sion 9 ! l[] valley4 ,! de/ruction along sev]al /ret*es ( ! valley 0 almo/ complete4 ,ne>ly all ! dams fail$1 & e bridge across ! riv]1 ) "o exception1 0 c>ri$ away4 ,"s small villages 7 swept b>e1 & ! damages to realty value & p]sonal prop]ty 7 excessive4 ,x 0 only by /r5u\s measures t ! dam imp\nd+ ! wat]s ( ,tux$o ,lake 0 sav$4 ,if ?is _h fail$ ! de/ruction along ! entire c\rse ( ! riv]1 ev5 to ! cities 9 ! l[] valley1 w\ld h be5 enorm\sly increas$4 ,! dam at ,cranb]ry ,pond1 9 ,ard51 fail$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! /orm1 ! flood wat]s disabl+ ! ,tux$o electric-light plant & inundat+ ! ,italian settlem5ts along ! riv] bel[4 ,! failure ( ! dam cons]v+ ! wat]s ( ,nigg] ,pond1 :i* lies at ! head ( a small tribut>y empty+ into ! ,ramapo bel[ ,tux$o1 result$ 9 ! inundation ( ,ramapo village4 ,! village ( ,sloatsburg 0 practically oblit]at$4 ,! damage at ,pompton ,lakes 0 especially sev]e4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! flood ! timb] dam ( ! ,ludlum ,/eel & ,iron ,company1 :i* rais$ ! wat] to a height ( #bg feet1 & af=d$ #g4jd horsep[] p] foot fall1 0 c>ri$ away ) a "p ( ! headrace4 7,see ,pl4 ,,ii1 ,a47 ,?is sudd5 empty+ ( ,pompton ,lake1 an expanse ( #aif acres 7see ,pl4 ,,ii1 ,b71 0 extremely de/ructive to ,pompton ,pla9s1 & ! de/ruction ( ! dams above on ,ramapo ,riv]1 :i* foll[$ "s "t aft] ! bur/+ ( ! l[] dam1 refill$ ,pompton ,lake above its =m] level1 & caus$ great] damage ?an t :i* result$ f ! failure ( ,pompton dam itself4 ,! l>ge iron bridge j bel[ ! dam 0 c>ri$ away1 ) ! /ores ( ! ,ludlum ,/eel & ,iron ,company4 ,! riv] front along ?is company's prop]ty 0 de/roy$1 along ) coal docks at ! head ( ,morris ,canal fe$]4 ,! *annel ( ! riv] bel[ ! dam is fill$ ) dbris1 :i* w raise ! height ( ! wat] 9 ! tailrace1 & unless x is cle>$ w dim9i% ! available p[] at ! iron works4 ,x has be5 au?oritatively ann\nc$1 h[ev]1 t ! p[] facilities w n be re/or$1 z ! ,ludlum ,/eel & ,iron ,company is prep>+ to use /eam p[] exclusively4 ,pequanac & ,wanaque riv]s4--,along ,pequanac ,riv] ! pr9cipal damage consi/$ ( wa%$-out roads & de/roy$ bridges4 ,! l>ge pond$ area 9 ?is bas9 0 practically full at ! "t ( ! flood1 &1 z measurem5ts at ,macop9 dam %[1 ! run-(f p] squ>e mile 0 extremely l>ge4 ,9 ! ,wanaque dra9age area ! /orage facilities af=d$ at ,gre5wood ,lake 7 probably useful 9 hold+ back a "p ( ! wat] = a brief p]iod1 b ! damages along ! /ream are comp>able to ^? ( ! ,pequanac4 ,! effect ( ! fl[ f ^! two /reams1 add$ to t ( ! ,ramapo1 0 p>ticul>ly disa/r\s ov] ! ,pompton ,pla9s4 ,?ree 99 99 99 99 99 ,u4 ,s4 ,,geological ,,survey ,,wat]-,,supply ,,pap] ,,no4 #ib ,,pl4 ,,ii ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,pompton ,,lakes ,,dam ,,& ,,wat] ,,front ,,( ,,ludlum ,,/eel ,,& ,,iron ,,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4 ,,dry ,,b$ ,,( ,,pompton ,,lake4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,geological ,,survey ,,wat]-,,supply ,,pap] ,,no4 #ib ,,pl4 ,,iii ,illu/ration3 ,,flood ,,di/rict ,,( ,,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 99 99 99 99 99 bridges at ,pompton /ation1 ov] ,wanaque & ,pequanac riv]s1 7 c>ri$ away1 & 9 ! end "o bridge only rema9$ ov] ,pompton ,riv]1 t at ,pequanac /ation4 ,9 all ab\t #ajj h\ses 7 inundat$ on ,pompton ,pla9s1 & ! damage to roads & culv]ts 0 p>ticul>ly sev]e4 ,! total loss 9 ! dra9age area ( ,pompton ,riv] 0 #cej1jjj4 ,,c5tral ,,bas94 ,ov] ! ,c5tral ,bas9 !re 0 ! usual imp\nd+ ( flood wat]s1 b ! effects 7 n mat]ially diff]5t f ^? describ$ 9 ! report on ! flood ( #aijb4 ,! damage along ?is bas9 f floods ( ?is "* is accumulative by reason ( ! fact t ! pres5ce ( wat] ov] ! l& = s long a p]iod kills ! desirable fe$ grasses & fo/]s 9 _! place ! co>se mead[ grass4 ,?is effect has be5 obs]v$ = "s ye>s1 p>ticul>ly s9ce ! flood ( #ahif4 ,x is e/imat$ t ov] ! ,c5tral ,bas9 ! damage to crops & arable l& alone aris+ f ! floods ( #aijb & #aijc am\nts to #cjj1jjj4 ,a /atem5t ( ! damage aris+ f ! lat] flood c n sep>ately be made1 z its effect ^u ! f]tility ( ! mead[ l&s c n be det]m9$ )\t ! exp]i5ce ( a plant+ season4 ,,l[] ,,valley4 ,! fl[ ( ! /ream ?r\gh ! con/rict$ *annel at ,little ,falls & on to ,great ,falls at ,pat]son is giv5 9 ! weir measurem5ts on page #ag4 ,x 0 att5d$ by comp>atively l>ge damages1 ! features ( :i* 7 n mat]ially diff]5t f ^? describ$ 9 ! previ\s report4 ,! pump+ /ation ( ! ,ea/ ,j]sey ,wat] ,company1 situat$ j bel[ ,little ,falls dam1 did n suff] z sev]ely z dur+ ! previ\s flood1 by reason ( ! fact t ext5sive & effective b>ricades 7 plac$ s z to keep a l>ge "p ( ! wat] away f ! pumps4 ,?is 0 n accompli%$ 9 ! flood ( #aijb4 ,! total damage 9 ?is di/rict am\nt$ to ne>ly #bjj1jjj4 ,! *annel cont\rs 7 *ang$ some:at 9 ?is portion ( ! /ream4 ,9 ! riv] at ! pump+ /ation ( ! ,ea/ ,j]sey ,wat] ,company !re 0 complet$ a some:at int]e/+ cycle ( *anges1 describ$ 9 ! foll[+ extract ( a lett] f ,mr4 ,g4 ,waldo ,smi?1 *ief eng9e] = ! ,new ,york aqu$uct commission]s1 & =m]ly eng9e] & sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,ea/ ,j]sey ,wat] ,company3 ,no bett] illu/ration ( ! old adage1 ',! riv] claims its own1' c\ld be giv5 ?an t (f]$ by ! action ( ,passaic ,riv] at ,little ,falls1 ,new ,j]sey1 at ! po9t :]e ! works ( ! ,ea/ ,j]sey ,wat] ,company h be5 con/ruct$4 ,^! works 7 built betwe5 #ahig & #aijj4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! "w ! riv] *annel = a di/ance ( sev]al ?\s& feet d[n /ream f ! p[] h\se 0 dra9$ & improv$1 s t ! head on ! :eels at ! ord9>y /age ( ! riv] 0 increas$ ab\t #f feet4 ,f ! "t ?is improvem5t 0 complet$ to ,m>*1 #aijb1 ?r\gh ! action ( ! ord9>y fl[ ( wat] & mod]ate floods1 ?is head _h be5 r$uc$ ab\t "o-?ird4 ,! great fre%et ( ,m>*1 #aijb1 cut (f ab\t ano!r ?ird1 & ! rec5t flood has complet$ ! cycle & entirely wip$ out ! b5efit due to ! riv] improvem5t1 & ! wat] at ! pump+ /ation /&s n[ at almo/ precisely ! same level t x /ood be=e any improvem5ts 7 und]tak54 ,new b>s 7 =m$ 9 approximately ! same location z !y exi/$ be=e1 &1 s f> z possible1 except = ! *ang$ conditions br\ght ab\t by ! build+ ( ! p[] /ation1 ! condition ( ! riv] is n dissimil> to t exi/+ :5 ! "w 0 comm5c$4 ,9 ?is connection x might be well to /ate t a ,new ,j]sey dra9age commission1 9 bla/+ out a *annel bel[ ! ,little ,falls dam "s ye>s ago1 dump$ a consid]able portion ( ! excavation 9 ! deep wat] "u ! ,morris ,canal viaduct4 ,! action ( ! two great floods1 ,m>*1 #aijb1 & ,octob]1 #aijc1 has wa%$ a l>ge "p ( ?is mat]ial out ( ?is deep hole & pil$ x up 9 ! riv] ab\t #cjj feet bel[ :]e ! riv] wid5s1 & r$uces ! =ce ( ! curr5t4 ,i h made no e/imate ( ! am\nt ( mat]ial deposit$ 9 ! riv]1 b (fh& %\ld say t x w\ld be at lea/ #ajj1jjj y>ds4 ,pat]son4--,! flood di/rict 9 ! city ( ,pat]son 7see ,pl4 ,,iii7 compris$ #aif acres & involv$ ! tempor>y ob/ruction ( #aj4c miles ( /reets4 ,along ! /reets close to ! riv] banks ! height ( wat] 0 #ab feet1 suffici5t to inundate ! fir/ floors ( all ! build+s 7see ,pl4 ,i1 ,b71 & 9 "s cases to rea* to ! second floor4 ,dur+ ?is flood p]iod h\sehold]s :o rema9$ at _! homes 7 compell$ to use boats1 :ile 9 ! m expos$ places ! dang] 0 too great to admit ( rema9+1 & at "o "t #a1bjj p]sons 7 h\s$ & f$ 9 ! ,national ,gu>d armory at ,pat]son4 ,! bridges cross+ ,passaic ,riv] 9 ,passaic1 ,essex1 & ,b]g5 c\nties 7 almo/ completely de/roy$1 & ! damage am\nt$ to #fed1haa4 ,)9 ! limits ( ,pat]son1 bel[ ,great ,falls1 all ( ! highway bridges except two 7 ei!r sev]ely damag$ or completely c>ri$ away4 ,we/ /reet bridge1 ! fir/ bel[ ! falls1 0 a ,melan concrete1 /eel-ar* /ructure1 built 9 #ahig1 & co/+ #fe1jjj4 ,x 0 compos$ ( ?ree spans1 ea* ab\t #ij feet long4 ,! flood practically split two spans longitud9ally1 ! up/ream side ( ea*1 equal to ab\t "o-?ird ( ! wid? ( ! bridge1 be+ c>ri$ 99 99 99 99 99 ,u4 ,s4 ,,geological ,,survey ,,wat]-,,supply ,,pap] ,,no4 #ib ,,pl4 ,,iv ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,wa%\t ,,at ,,spruce ,,/reet1 ,,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4 ,,riv] ,,/reet1 ,,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41 ,,aft] ,,flood4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,geological ,,survey ,,wat]-,,supply ,,pap] ,,no4 #ib ,,pl4 ,v ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,effects ,,( ,,flood ,,9 ,,mill ,,di/rict1 ,,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4 ,,! ,,wreck ,,( ,a ,,hotel ,,9 ,,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 99 99 99 99 99 away4 ,?is /ructure 0 built to con=m to ! e/abli%$ grades ( /reets on bo? sides ( ! riv] & 0 completely inundat$1 =m+ a b>ri] = float+ dbris & practically mak+ a dam 9 ! riv]4 ,ma9 /reet bridge is a #c-span1 /eel-ar* /ructure1 :i* 0 completely cov]$ dur+ ! flood1 b 0 only slightly injur$4 ,ar* /reet bridge1 built 9 #aijb to take ! place ( a /ructure c>ri$ away by ! ,m>* flood1 0 a concrete-ar* bridge ( ?ree spans4 ,x 0 und]m9$ at ! nor? pi] & collaps$1 be+ practically de/roy$4 ,! orig9al co/ ( ?is bridge 0 #cd1jjj4 ,its pi]s pres5t$ a s]i\s ob/ruction to ! fl[ ( ! /ream1 especially z ! *annel is v n>r[ at ?is po9t4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! bridge 0 ( l[ grade & admirably adapt$ = det]r+ flood fl[4 ,bel[ ,ar* /reet bridge all ! o!r /ructures cross+ ! ,passaic 7 ( iron & 7 c>ri$ away1 ) ! exception ( ,six? av5ue & ,wesel bridges4 ,^? de/roy$ 7 designat$ z foll[s3 ,/raight /reet1 ,hillman /reet1 ,m(fat1 ,wag>aw1 ,fif? av5ue1 ,ea/ ,?irty-?ird /reet1 & ,broadway bridges4 ,all ^! /ructures 7 built too l[1 & 7 inundat$ dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( ! flood4 ,! damage to real prop]ty1 /ock1 & h\sehold goods 9 ! city ( ,pat]son am\nt$1 accord+ to c]tifi$ returns1 to ab\t #b1gjj1jjj4 ,x is impossible to secure correct figures1 because m]*ants & manufactur]s refuse to give details ( losses1 fe>+ t ! publication !re( w\ld affect _! cr$it4 ,g5]al ideas conc]n+ ! de/ruction by ! flood c be ga!r$ f ,pls4 ,i1 ,b1 ,,iii1 ,,iv1 ,v1 & ,,vi4 ,passaic & vic9ity4--,bel[ ! city ( ,pat]son de/ruction 0 z complete z 9 ,pat]son1 al?\gh ! damage 0 n z great because ! improvem5ts 7 n z valuable4 ,damage to prop]ty1 exclusive ( public works1 9 ?is region1 am\nt$ to ab\t #a1bej1jjj4 ,?is e/imate does n take into consid]ation losses by manufactur]s aris+ f de/ruction ( raw mat]ials or f9i%$ products4 ,! flood 0 ab\t #d-a_/b feet high] ?an t ( #aijb4 7,see ,pl4 ,,vii1 ,a47 ,on ! "r bank ( ,passaic ,riv]1 9 ! city ( ,passaic1 ! damage 0 sev]e1 especially to manufactur+ plants4 ,9 addition to ! flood 9 ! ,passaic itself1 ! bur/+ ( ,morris ,canal1 a few miles ea/ ( ,passaic1 flood$ ,wesel ,brook1 :i* 9 ,passaic is us$ z ! tail-race ( ! ,dundee ,p[] ,company4 ,! capacity ( ,wesel ,brook *annel is limit$1 & ! extraord9>y am\nt ( wat] :i* 0 turn$ into x c>ri$ away all culv]ts & bridges f ,ri*field to ,passaic4 ,bel[ ,passaic1 along ! riv] front ( ,essex ,c\nty1 ! damages to bridges am\nt$ to #ej1jjj4 7,see ,pl4 ,,vii1 ,b47 ,! loss due to wa%\ts 9 roads ?r\gh\t ! c\nty am\nt$ to #ae1jjj4 ,! effects ( ! flood 7 app>5t along ! entire l5g? ( ! riv] & into ,new>k ,bay4 ,! damage f inundation 9 ,new>k & vic9ity am\nt$ to #gec1aii4 ,! figures above giv5 ) ref]5ce to damage along ,passaic ,riv] are uncommonly accurate1 be+ = ! mo/ "p ! result ( a h\se-to-h\se canvass by ! nor!rn ,new ,j]sey flood commission4 ,z has be5 /at$ above1 tradesm5 are reluctant to give full details ) ref]5ce to _! losses ?r\gh fe> ( injur$ cr$it4 ,r\ghly e/imat+ ! damage z a :ole1 & tak+ into consid]ation factors :i* 7 giv5 to ! writ] confid5tially1 ! damage ?r\gh\t ! dra9age area f ?is flood w am\nt to n less ?an #g1jjj1jjj4 ,,prev5tive ,,measures4 ,,g5]al ,,discussion4 ,9 ! consid]ation ( means ( prev5t+ damages by floods e plan propos$ falls "u "o ( two g5]al heads--! /orage ( flood wat]s or an increase 9 ! capacity ( ! /reams4 ,! fir/ plan involves ! con/ruction at select$ localities ( res]voirs ( suffici5t size to hold all or a great] "p ( ! wat]s :i* run ov] ! surface dur+ & aft] /orms4 ,?is plan is n practicable except :]e valleys or pla9s are inclos$ by high ridges & ^! ridges approa* suffici5tly ne> ea* o!r to admit ( ! economical con/ruction ( a bank or dam across ! gorge or b$ ( ! /ream :i* fl[s ?r\gh1 s t ! inclosure w be complete & =m a wat]-tight bas94 ,:]e su* a res]voir exi/s ! wat] c be held back & gradually let d[n ?r\gh prop]ly provid$ gates s t ! *annel w n be flood$4 ,= flood purposes alone x w\ld be necess>y to provide res]voirs ( suffici5t capacity to conta9 ! run-(f wat]s result+ f ! l>ge/ /orms4 ,) su* provisions x w\ld be necess>y to entirely empty ! res]voir z soon z possible aft] a /orm _h pass$ & leave its full capacity available = ! next /orm4 ,x is !re=e bett]1 :]ev] possible1 to provide a res]voir capacity consid]ably l>g] ?an t repres5t$ by ! run-(f f ! heavie/ /orms1 s t wat] may be /or$ = use z p[] or dome/ic supply4 ,) su* provision x is necess>y m]ely to draw f ! res]voir wat] to a dep? equival5t to ! /ream run-(f 9 ! dra9age area above4 ,! second plan = prev5tion ( flood damages involves provisions = lett+ ! flood wat] out rapidly by remov+ ob/ructions to its fl[ by /raight5+ & deep5+ ! *annels & provid+ long embankm5ts1 dikes1 or levees :i* rise above ! ord9>y riv] level to a height exce$+ t ( ! /ream dur+ its highe/ floods4 ,?is plan is mo/ g5]ally foll[$ 9 ! case ( l>ge riv]s l 99 99 99 99 99 ,u4 ,s4 ,,geological ,,survey ,,wat]-,,supply ,,pap] ,,no4 #ib ,,pl4 ,,vi ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,deva/ation ,,9 ,,hebrew ,,qu>t]1 ,,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4 ,a ,,common ,,example ,,( ,,flood ,,damage4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,geological ,,survey ,,wat]-,,supply ,,pap] ,,no4 #ib ,,pl4 ,,vii ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,inundat$ ,,l&s ,,at ,,passaic1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4 ,,undamag$ ,,bridge ,,across ,,passaic ,,riv] ,,aft] ,,p>tial ,,subsid5ce ,,( ,,flood4 99 99 99 99 99 ! ,mississippi1 :]e ! contribut+ area is enorm\s & ! cons]vation ( ! wat]s w\ld be impracticable ev5 if ! nature ( ! c\ntry w\ld admit ( ! con/ruction ( res]voirs4 ,9 ,switz]l&1 :]e ! torr5ts occasion$ by ! rapidly melt+ sn[s are especially de/ructive1 ! flood wat]s are conf9$ by a s]ies ( p>allel dikes on ea* side ( ! riv]1 :i* h ! effect ( divid+ ! fl[ into sev]al p>allel /reams4 ,z ! ma9 riv] *annel fills & ov]fl[s ! inn] dikes1 ! ov]fl[ wat] collects into ! fir/ s]ies ( p>allel *annels1 & :5 a height is rea*$ at :i* ! second dikes are ov]fl[$ ! wat] collects into ! ?ird1 & s on4 ,?is gives an enorm\s c>ry+ capacity1 ! limit ( :i* is approa*$ sl[ly1 & !re=e abundant opportunity is af=d$ = prep>ation ^u ! "p ( ! rip>ian own]4 ,! dra9age bas9 ( ,passaic ,riv] is admirably adapt$ to ! developm5t ( ! cons]vation sy/em4 ,at its headwat]s 9 ! m\nta9s ( nor!rn ,new ,j]sey are num]\s sites = res]voirs4 ,! comp>atively limit$ area dra9+ into ,passaic ,riv] makes su* a s*eme relatively inexp5sive4 ,on ! o!r h& !re is abundant opportunity = effective "w 9 remov+ ob/ructions & /raight5+ & deep5+ ! *annel ( ! l[] riv]4 ,s t1 all ?+s consid]$1 ! prev5tion ( flood damages 9 ! ,passaic ,bas9 c be be/ accompli%$ by a comb9ation ( ! two g5]al me?ods above outl9$4 ,,l[] ,,valley ,,improvem5ts4 ,! *annel ( ,passaic ,riv] bel[ ,great ,falls1 at ,pat]son1 is ( limit$ capacity4 ,to anyone mak+ an inspection1 especially )9 ! city ( ,pat]son1 x is readily app>5t t ! riv] b$ has = ye>s be5 consid]$ a legitimate field = encroa*m5t4 ,own]s ( l&s front+ on ! riv] h increas$ _! hold+s by fill+ 9 beyond ! *annel l9e4 ,build+s h be5 erect$ ^u ^! tracts & ! build]s h n hesitat$ to ext5d reta9+ walls /ill f>!r into ! riv] b$4 ,refuse f ! city's /reets1 light & un/able 9 "*1 has be5 freely deposit$ ^u ! bank to be c>ri$ out into ! riv]4 ,?us ! *annel has be5 con/rict$ lat]ally1 ! bottom rais$1 & !re is left = ! flood wat]s no alt]native ?an t ( ext5d+ !mselves 9 ! upw>d direction4 ,x w\ld seem t ?is1 at lea/1 %\ld h be5 unob/ruct$4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is n ! case4 ,! bridges across ! ,passaic h app>5tly be5 erect$ )\t ref]5ce to *annel capacity4 ,! au?orities h evid5tly consid]$ x m important to reta9 e/abli%$ approa* levels ?an to provide prop] capacity = riv] wat]4 ,z an example ! foll[+ in/ance may be cit$3 ,dur+ ! flood ( #aijb a /eel truss bridge across ! riv] 9 ,pat]son 0 c>ri$ away4 ,! po9t ( cross+ 0 "o ( ! n>r[e/ places 9 ! /ream & x %\ld h be5 cle> to ev]yone t ! space b5ea? ! bridge 0 n l>ge en\gh to c>ry flood wat]s4 ,x %\ld h be5 app>5t t a new bridge1 if erect$ at t po9t1 mu/ be high] ?an ! old "o1 to be ?or\ghly safe4 ,not)/&+1 ! new bridge 0 erect$ at ! level ( ! old "o1 & 9 addition to ?is1 x 0 a concrete ar* /ructure1 & ! great pi]s & l[ ar* spr+s r$uc$ ! =m] *annel capacity ab\t #ae p] c5t4 ,?is new bridge1 z might be expect$1 collaps$ dur+ ! ,octob] flood4 ,along ! entire c\rse ( ! /ream 9 ! l[] valley we f9d a cont9uation ( in/ances ( unreasonable encroa*m5t & ill-consid]$ bridge eng9e]+1 & !re is opportunity = reliev+ a l>ge "p ( ! purely local ob/ructions by /raight5+ ! *annel at *os5 po9ts4 ,al?\gh ?is matt] has n be5 ?or\ghly inve/igat$ x is readily app>5t to "o trav]s+ ! riv] bank t consid]able relief may be secur$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,damage1 h[ev]1 c n be prev5t$ by ?is means alone4 ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be possible to erect high & resi/ant levees along ! entire c\rse ( ! riv]1 b ?is w\ld be extremely exp5sive & w\ld de/roy ! wat] front = comm]cial purposes4 ,9 fact1 su* a plan is q vision>y4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are no ob/ructions 9 l[] ,passaic ,riv] ! removal ( :i* w\ld give relief 9 ! ev5t ( floods l ^? ( #aijb & #aijc4 ,:5 "o consid]s ! am\nt ( wat] :i* 0 c>ri$ into ! l[] valley1 ! heights :i* x rea*$1 & ! area :i* x inundat$1 ! futility ( any local improvem5t except levee con/ruction is emphasiz$4 ,! pres5t *annel ( ! riv] w n c>ry )\t damage ! am\nt ( wat] rec5tly ?r[n into x1 & :ile x is important to provide regulations :i* w 9 ! future prev5t encroa*m5t1 & :i* w correct ! evils n[ pres5t along ! *annel1 ^! measures c n1 op]at+ ( !mselves1 give relief f flood deva/ation4 ,immunity f flood de/ruction 9 ! ,passaic mu/ come1 if x ev] comes1 f ! con/ruction ( flood-cat*m5t res]voirs 9 ! upl&s4 ,x is n necess>y to sp5d any great am\nt ( "t 9 det]m9+ ! cause ( floods ^u ! ,passaic4 ,a review ( ! flood hi/ory ( ?is riv] %[s t 9 e case floods arise f extraord9>y precipitation4 ,high wat]s occur ?r\gh ! melt+ ( sn[s & dur+ p]iods ( abundant ra94 ,! heavy floods :i* h be5 reg>d$ z extraord9>y are cle>ly ! result ( unusual conditions ( precipitation4 ,! riv] c>ries ! usual flood wat]s1 & no damage is done until ! wat] p\r$ into x is f> beyond its c>ry+ capacity4 ,!re=e ! provisions :i* are made = prev5t+ damage by floods mu/1 if !y be effective1 be design$ to meet extraord9>y conditions1 & means :i* w\ld prove effectual 9 ord9>y cases w n /& ! te/4 ,9 ord] to appreciate ! ext5t ( ! flood 9 ! l[] valley x is necess>y to visit ! flood$ area & obs]ve ! po9ts ( flood height4 ,unless "o does ?is he w be v readily deceiv$ :5 he consid]s means ( flood prev5tion4 ,,flood ,,cat*m5t4 ,among ! highl& tribut>ies ( ,passaic ,riv] !re are ?ree pr9cipal areas :]e /orage res]voirs = flood cat*m5t may be plac$3 7#a7 ,! ,ramapo1 ,wanaque1 & ,pequanac dra9age bas9s1 f :i* ! wat]s are c>ri$ into ! c5tral bas9 by ,pompton ,riv]2 7#b7 ! ,rockaway dra9age bas91 & 7#c7 ! upp] ,passaic dra9age bas94 ,! rema9+ pr9cipal tribut>y ( ,passaic ,riv]1 ! ,:ippany1 is n well provid$ ) /orage res]voir sites4 ,! comb9$ capacity ( cat*m5t res]voirs :i* c\ld be con/ruct$ 9 ^! dra9age areas is consid]ably m ?an ! volume ( ! heavie/ kn[n ra9fall1 t ( ,octob] #h-aa1 #aijc4 ,9 ! description ( res]voir possibilities 9 ! foll[+ pages ! data ) ref]5ce to _m ( ! bas9s are comput$ f planimet] & o!r measurem5ts1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey topographic maps be+ us$ z a base4 ,! measurem5ts are !re=e n ( ref9$ accuracy b suffice = ! purpose 9 view--t ( %[+ flood cat*m5t possibilities4 ,,pompton ,,res]voir4 ,!re are 9 ! ,pompton sy/em sev]al sites on ,ramapo1 ,wanaque1 & ,pequanac riv]s :i*1 if utiliz$1 w\ld af=d suffici5t /orage = flood cat*m5t purposes1 b ! entire fl[ ( ! riv] sy/em may be cons]v$ 9 :at has be5 describ$ z ! ,pompton res]voir4 ,?is project 0 fir/ pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,v]meule 9 ! ye> #ahhd1 ! details be+ describ$ at "s l5g? 9 ! ,eng9e]+ ,news1 ( ,april #ab ( t ye>1 pages #afi-aga4 ,9 ?is article ,mr4 ,v]meule pres5t$ ! possibilities ( ,pompton res]voir = use z an additional wat] supply = ! city ( ,new ,york1 at ! "t :5 ! ,quak] ,bridge res]voir on ! ,croton wat]%$ 0 be+ consid]$4 ,a few p]t95t quotations f ?is article may be ( int]e/3 ,?is bas91 subdivid$ by m9or ridges :i* cross x1 furni%es sev]al admirable sites = l>ge /orage res]voirs1 ) cat*m5ts f #ej to #djj squ>e miles 9 area1 ly+ above on ! primitive rock ( ! ,highl&s4 ,ab\t #f miles ( ! nor!a/]n end ( ! bas9 is cut (f by ,hook ,m\nta91 a small ridge ( trap :i* crosses x f ea/ to we/1 inclos+ a bas9 #ba squ>e miles 9 area1 kn[n z ,pompton ,pla9s1 hav+ its outlet at ,m\nta9 ,view1 #e miles we/ ( ,pat]son1 at a pass 9 ,hook ,m\nta91 ?r\gh :i* ! ,pompton ,riv] fl[s to jo9 ! ,passaic1 #b miles bel[4 ,?is pass is ! gateway by :i* ! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n ,railroad1 ! ,new ,york & ,gre5wood ,lake ,railway1 & ! ,morris ,canal ent] ! pla9s4 ,! bas9 is also cross$ ne> its head1 above ,pompton1 by ! ,new ,york1 ,susquehanna & ,we/]n ,railroad4 ,! ,pompton ,riv] has a dra9age area above ,m\nta9 ,view ( #dbj squ>e miles4 ,x is =m$ ne> ! head ( ! bas9 by ! conflu5ce ( ! ,pequanac f ! nor?we/1 ! ,wanaque f ! nor?1 & ! ,ramapo f ! nor!a/4 99 99 99 ,! entire fl[ f ?is wat]%$ may be /or$ by build+ a dam across ! gap at ,m\nta9 ,view & conv]t+ ,pompton ,pla9s into a great lake cov]+ an area ( #ba squ>e miles4 ,! elevation ( ! riv] at ! gap is #afh feet4 ,! slopes 9 ! bas9 be+ g5tle up to an elevation ( #bbj feet & abrupt beyond x1 x w be advisable to take ?is z ! m9imum or l[-wat] level ( our res]voir4 ,x is g5]ally e/imat$ t #be p] c5t ( ! volume ( ! mean annual ra9 on a giv5 cat*m5t is suffici5t res]voir capacity to fully utilize ! flood fl[s4 ,we h long s]ies ( obs]vations ( ra9fall at ?ree po9ts1 :i* may be tak5 to fairly repres5t ! ,passaic cat*m5t4 ,at ,new>k ! mean annual ra9fall is #df4b in*es1 at ,pat]son1 #ej in*es1 & at ,lake ,hopatcong1 #db4 ,! la/ be+ on ! ,highl&s1 l mo/ ( our wat]%$s1 is p]haps ! safe/ to use4 ,n[1 #be p] c5t ( #db4e in*es1 #aj4fb in*es1 :i*1 on #dbj squ>e miles1 give a volume ( #aj1cfb1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 ! necess>y capacity ( res]voir4 ,by rais+ our res]voir to #bdj feet :5 full we secure a capacity ( #aj1dic1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 or ample to utilize ! heavie/ floods ( ! wat]%$4 ,?is gives a beautiful %eet ( wat] #ba4a squ>e miles 9 area1 ) bold1 rocky %ores1 & a dep? at dam ( #gb feet4 ,we secure ! above capacity by uncov]+ b #bb p] c5t ( ! res]voir bottom2 &1 z we %all pres5tly see1 we %all r>ely ne$ m ?an half ?is /orage1 & probably n (t5] ?an once 9 t5 ye>s w we expose ov] #aj p] c5t ( ! area4 ,by build+ side dams to keep c]ta9 flats always fl[$ ?is may be r$uc$ to #e p] c5t2 & ?is area w be pretty ev5ly di/ribut$ ar\nd #cf miles ( un9habit$ %ore l9e1 leav+ ! res]voir op5 to no valid sanit>y objections4 ,on ! contr>y1 by reliev+ ! rema9d] ( ! ,passaic ,bas9 ( ! flood wat]s ( ! ,pompton1 :i* n[ fl[ l>ge areas ( flat l& dur+ wet seasons1 ! sanit>y condition ( ! valley w\ld be mu* improv$4 ,9 con/ruct+ ?is res]voir ,mr4 ,v]meule /at$ t ! foll[+ "w w\ld be necess>y3 ,! removal ( ! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n ,railroad f ! bas9 by *ang+ ! alignm5t = #f miles4 ,x may be done )\t increase ( l5g? or detrim5t to ! alignm5t4 ,?ree & "o-f\r? miles ( ! ,morris ,canal mu/ be rebuilt4 ,no eng9e]+ difficulties are involv$4 ,( ! ,new ,york & ,gre5wood ,lake ,railway1 #i miles w\ld h to be rebuilt4 ,! ,new ,york1 ,susquehanna & ,we/]n ,railroad w\ld be slightly %ift$ or rais$ = #c-c_/d miles4 ,a dam #b1djj feet long & #hj feet 9 height1 ) tunnels1 wa/eweir1 & accessory works w\ld be requir$ at ,m\nta9 ,view4 ,! situation is su* t an ample wa/eweir may be built at a l[-side dam on ! solid rock ( ,hook ,m\nta9 remote f ! dam1 & outlets may be _h by tunnel+ ! same ridge4 ,h5ce ! dam may be a pla91 heavy e>!n embankm5t2 built1 ( c\rse1 ) e precaution b subject to less ?an ! usual dang]s ( su* works4 ,h[ev]1 a masonry dam might readily be sub/itut$4 ,!re w\ld be #ad1jjj acres ( arable l&1 swamps1 & r\gh m\nta9 l& fl[$4 ,! works are e/imat$ to co/ z foll[s3 ,railroad & canal div]sions #eje1jjj ,dam & accessory works #a1afb1jjj ,l& damages #a1djj1jjj ,total #c1jfg1jjj ,a recomputation ( ! dra9age area above ,m\nta9 ,view1 made by ! nor!rn ,new ,j]sey flood commission1 %[s t x is #chj squ>e miles 9 ext5t4 ,x 0 decid$ by ?is commission t ! con/ruction ( ?is res]voir w\ld be ! mo/ approv$ me?od ( prev5t+ disa/r\s floods 9 ! l[] valley ( ! ,passaic4 ,by rais+ a dam to a height ( #bjb feet above tide1 #h in*es ( wat] on ! dra9age area above might be held back1 :i*1 x 0 believ$1 w\ld be a suffici5t maximum = flood cat*m5t4 ,) ?is am\nt ( /orage ! e/imates ( ! flood commission %[$ t ! rema9d] ( ! dra9age area w\ld n turn a suffici5t am\nt ( wat] into ! l[] valley *annel to cause flood damages4 ,x 0 also demon/rat$ by ! flood commission t by increas+ ! height ( ! dam an opportunity w\ld be af=d$ = cons]v+ wat]1 & at ! maximum height ( #bbj feet above tide suffici5t /orage capacity w\ld be available to provide #e1jjj horsep[] at ,little ,falls1 ,great ,falls1 & ,dundee dam ?r\gh\t all dry seasons4 ,! value ( su* a /orage res]voir = municipal wat]-supply purposes is self-evid5t4 ,! co/ ( ,m\nta9 ,view res]voir w\ld be ab\t #c1cdj1jjj4 ,develop$ = flood cat*m5t ) ! spillway ( ! dam at #bjb feet above sea level ! area ( ! res]voir w\ld be #ac4d squ>e miles1 & ! /orage capacity #g1bjj1jjj1jjj cubic feet4 ,,ramapo ,,sy/em4 ,along ! ,ramapo ,valley !re are alt]native propositions1 "o ( :i* involves ! con/ruction ( a dam bel[ ,d>l+ton & ano!r across ! head ( ,pompton ,lake4 ,9 ei!r case ! wat] might be rais$ to ! #cjj-;foot cont\r1 & if ! dam across ,pompton ,lake 7 con/ruct$ a cont9u\s lake w\ld be =m$ ext5d+ #aj-a_/b miles to ,hillburn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,! improvem5t 9 ei!r case w\ld be positive1 = z ! c\ntry surr\nd+ is hilly or m\nta9\s x af=ds excell5t opportunity = ! location ( summ] homes & p>ks1 ! lake be+ a pot5t factor 9 beautify+ ! situation & increas+ ! value ( ! surr\nd+ region4 ,!re are1 nev]!less1 sev]al ?+s to be tak5 into consid]ation1 ! mo/ important ( :i* are ! improvem5ts :i* h be5 made by weal?y resid5ts along ! valley :]e x has already be5 develop$ z a summ] resort4 ,by ! con/ruction ( a dam at ,d>l+ton #a1ajj feet long & #gj feet high1 ! wat] w\ld be rais$ to ! #cjj-;foot cont\r4 ,! res]voir w\ld h a wat] area ( #b1jfd acres1 & ! approximate /orage capacity ( #b1cbe1jjj1jjj cubic feet4 ,a dam across ! head ( ,pompton ,lake #b1hej feet long & #ajj feet high w\ld raise ! surface ( ! propos$ lake to ! #cjj-;foot cont\r4 ,?is res]voir w\ld h an area ( #f4ai squ>e miles & a capacity ( #f1cjj1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 equal to #ag4e in*es run-(f f ! dra9age area4 ,"h ! measure ( safety is wide1 & if !re 7 drawn f ! lake an am\nt ( wat] equal to #ab in*es on ! dra9age area !re w\ld /ill be #e4e in*es :i* c\ld be us$ = comp5sat+ purposes4 ,! con/ruction ( ei!r "o ( ! above-describ$ res]voirs w\ld involve int]/ate complications1 z ! #cjj-;foot cont\r 9 ,ramapo ,valley includes a consid]able "p ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,?is ob/acle 0 deem$ insurm\ntable by ! nor!rn ,new ,j]sey flood commission1 & t commission direct$ /udies to a res]voir :i* at ! "t ( maximum flood w\ld n back wat] into ,new ,york ,/ate to a great] height ?an x already rises dur+ su* floods4 ,! foll[+ description is tak5 f ! report ( ! eng9e]+ committee ( ! flood commission3 ,an admirable dam site is (f]$ on ,ramapo ,riv] ab\t #b miles above ,oakl& village4 ,! dra9age area tribut>y to ?is po9t is ab\t #adj squ>e miles 9 ext5t1 ! c\ntry = ! mo/ "p be+ quick-spill+ & upl&4 ,by con/ruct+ !re a dam #gjj feet long & #fe feet high a res]voir ) a wat] surface ( #b4h squ>e miles w\ld be af=d$1 ! fl[-l9e elevation be+ #bhj feet above tide4 ,! capacity ( su* a res]voir w\ld be #a1gfh1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 equal to ab\t #e4e in*es on ! dra9age area4 ,,wanaque ,,sy/em4 ,ne> ! headwat]s ( ,wanaque ,riv] is ,gre5wood ,lake1 a l>ge body ( wat] describ$ 9 ,wat]-,supply ,pap] ,no4 #hh4 ,its value z a flood cat*m5t bas9 is some:at unc]ta91 z x is us$ z a /orage fe$] = ,morris ,canal4 ,! surface level ( ?is lake is controll$ by gates1 :i* naturally are op]at$ by ! canal au?orities = ! b5efit ( ! canal4 ,!re=e x is ! object to /ore z great a volume ( wat] z possible1 & ! wat] falls bel[ ! dam cre/ at ! outlet ( ! lake only :5 ! dam op5s 9 dry seasons & makes x necess>y4 ,"u su* conditions !re is no c]ta9ty t /orage capacity w be available dur+ ! "t ( a great /orm1 & 9 fact ,gre5wood ,lake has be5 ov]fl[+ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! /orms :i* caus$ bo? ( ! rec5t floods4 ,9 view ( ! condition express$ above x w be necess>y 9 provid+ = flood cat*m5t 9 ! ,wanaque dra9age area to omit entirely f consid]ation ! possibility ( assi/ance f ,gre5wood ,lake4 ,bel[ ?is po9t 9 ! bas9 are sev]al sites at :i* c\ld be rais$ dams1 :i* w\ld effectually reta9 a l>ge proportion at lea/ ( /orm run-(f4 ,!y may be describ$ z foll[s3 ,midvale res]voir4--,by build+ a dam #fj feet high & #a1bjj feet long across ,wanaque ,riv] ne> ,midvale1 a res]voir w\ld be =m$ :i* w\ld h a wat] surface ( #b4a squ>e miles & a capacity ( #a1dia1jjj1jjj cubic feet4 ,! dra9age area above ?is site is #hc squ>e miles1 & ! /orage capacity w\ld !re=e be equal to ab\t #g4g in*es on ! dra9age area4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is project w\ld involve ! relocation ( ab\t #d-a_/b miles ( ! ,new ,york & ,gre5wood ,lake ,railroad2 ! damages ap>t f ?is w\ld be nom9al1 ! co/ ( ! entire res]voir con/ruction be+ ab\t #a1jjj1jjj4 ,r+wood res]voir4--,r+wood ,creek runs ?r\gh a gorge ab\t #a mile above its conflu5ce ) ! ,wanaque4 ,above ?is is a well-def9$ bas94 ,a dam ab\t #gj feet high & #ehe feet long w\ld create a lake hav+ an area ( #ebj acres1 ! surface ( :i* w\ld be #chj feet above sea level4 ,! dra9age area tribut>y to ?is po9t has an area ( ab\t #bj squ>e miles1 & z ! propos$ res]voir w\ld h a capacity ( #iae1hjj1jjj cubic feet1 !re c\ld be cons]v$ a run-(f ( #bj in*es4 ,all[+ = a flood run-(f ( #ab in*es !re w\ld /ill be available = comp5sat+ purposes #h in*es on ! bas91 equal to #cgc1eej1jjj cubic feet4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is res]voir w\ld involve ! relocation ( ab\t #b miles ( ! ,r+wood bran* ( ! ,new ,york & ,gre5wood ,lake ,railroad1 & ! condemnation ( comp>atively valuable improvem5ts 9 ! propos$ bas94 ,we/ ,brook res]voir4--,! dra9age f #e4g squ>e miles might be cons]v$ by ! erection ( a dam on ,we/ ,brook1 a tribut>y ( ,wanaque ,riv]1 :i* ent]s x f ! we/4 ,!re is an available site at :i* a dam #bhj feet high might be erect$4 ,at ?is elevation ! l5g? along ! top w\ld be ab\t #a1aej feet & ab\t #b1ccj1jjj1jjj cubic feet ( wat] w\ld be imp\nd$4 ,little b5efit w\ld be d]iv$ f su* a res]voir1 z ! limit$ dra9age area af=ds a comp>atively small proportion ( flood run-(f t might be well c>$ = at a l[] po9t4 ,= comp5sat+ purposes1 h[ev]1 a res]voir might be con/ruct$ "h1 ! capacity ( :i* c\ld be adju/$ to ! actual dem&s4 ,if ! dam 7 rais$ to a height ( ab\t #bhj feet f ! base ! /orage af=d$ w\ld be equal to #agf in*es on ! wat]%$1 or ab\t f\r av]age ye>s ( precipitation1 :i* is f> beyond all probable /orage necessities4 ,! maximum available /orage capacity is giv5 9 ?is case m]ely to %[ possibilities4 ,,pequanac ,,sy/em4 ,!re are few available res]voir sites ( l>ge size along ! l[] rea*es ( ,pequanac ,riv]4 ,9 ! upp] bas91 h[ev]1 !re is a suffici5t available /orage capacity to af=d almo/ complete control ( de/ructive floods f t "p ( ! dra9age area4 ,l>ge tracts are already res]v$ by ! city ( ,new>k = collection ( municipal supply1 & ! /orage capacity develop$ is suffici5t to s]ve ! city ?r\gh\t ! drie/ seasons4 ,! total capacity ( ,cl9ton1 ,oakridge1 & ,cani/e> res]voirs is ab\t #a1aee1jjj1jjj cubic feet4 ,^! bas9s are n available = flood cat*m5t1 z ! wat] is us$ = city purposes & an endeavor is made to h 9 /orage at all times ! l>ge/ possible am\nt4 ,! condition is exactly simil> to t describ$ 9 ! case ( ,gre5wood ,lake4 ,9 consid]+ ! means = ! con/ruction ( flood-cat*m5t res]voirs 9 ,pequanac ,bas9 !re mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt ! cons]vation & deliv]y ( ! ,new>k supply4 ,! adju/m5ts ) ref]5ce to ! am\nt ( wat] available at ,macop9 intake w\ld h to be met1 & if ! sy/em 7 int]f]$ ) comp5sation !re=e w\ld be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,newf\ndl& res]voir4--,pequanac ,riv] passes ?r\gh a deep gorge betwe5 ,copp]as & ,kan\se m\nta9s1 j bel[ ! village ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,?is po9t has be5 consid]$ an excell5t site = ! con/ruction ( a dam1 & 9 ! in/allation ( ! pres5t wat]-supply sy/em ( ,new>k x is propos$ t ! entire valley 9 :i* ,newf\ndl& is situat$ be ov]fl[$4 ,! site is "o ( ! mo/ advantage\s kn[n = ! creation ( a flood-cat*m5t bas94 ,if a dam #ej feet high 7 erect$ across ?is gorge1 a lake w\ld be =m$ :i* w\ld h a surface area ( #c4ae squ>e miles & a capacity ( #c1bfg1bjj1jjj cubic feet1 equal to a /orage ( ab\t #cj4e in*es on ! #df4ab squ>e miles ( contribut+ dra9age area4 ,?is w\ld af=d complete protection 9 case ( a sudd5 run-(f ( #ab in*es1 w\ld provide = ! supply ( ! city ( ,new>k )\t greatly di/urb+ ! pres5t /orage sy/em ( t city1 & w\ld /ill yield a l>ge am\nt ( wat] = comp5sat+ purposes 9 dry seasons4 ,! con/ruction ( ,newf\ndl& res]voir w\ld be v exp5sive1 z x w\ld involve ! flood+ ( ,newf\ndl& ,village1 9 :i* !re is consid]able improv$ prop]ty4 ,ab\t #c miles ( ! track ( ! ,new ,york1 ,susquehanna & ,we/]n ,railroad w\ld be subm]g$1 z well z a consid]able mileage ( macadamiz$ highways4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! ,newf\ndl& res]voir project is ! mo/ favorable :i* c be f\nd on ! ,pequanac ,bas94 ,!re are above ?is po9t num]\s res]voir sites1 b _! comb9$ capacity w\ld n be equal to t ( ! propos$ ,newf\ndl& res]voir1 & ! con/ruction w\ld be probably q z exp5sive4 ,/ickle ,pond res]voir4--,bel[ ,newf\ndl& !re are few available places at :i* wat] c\ld be /or$4 ,/ickle ,pond is probably ! be/ adapt$ ( any ( ^? available4 ,if a dam #a1jej feet long & #hj feet high 7 erect$ across ! riv] ab\t #a mile bel[ ! pres5t outlet ( ,/ickle ,pond1 a lake w\ld be =m$ hav+ a surface area ( #dbb acres & a /orage capacity ( ab\t #hjj1jjj1jjj cubic feet4 ,! dra9age area above ?is dam w\ld be approximately #d squ>e miles4 ,?is is a comp>atively small am\nt ( /orage1 yet x w\ld provide = all flood cat*m5t 9 t comp>atively limit$ area & w\ld be ( assi/ance at times 9 comp5sat+ ! dry fl[ ( ! ,pequanac4 ,,rockaway ,,sy/em4 ,rockaway ,riv] (f]s a great] numb] ( available res]voir sites ?an ei!r ( ! o!r highl& tribut>ies ( ! ,passaic4 ,"s ( ! res]voirs :i* c\ld be con/ruct$ c\ld be us$ solely z cat*m5t areas to hold back flood wat]s1 :ile ! capacity ( o!rs w\ld be s mu* great] ?an any s+le flood run-(f t !y might s]ve also z comp5sat+ res]voirs4 ,a l>ge dam is n[ 9 process ( erection at ,old ,boonton1 cons]v+ a consid]able am\nt = ! wat] = ! municipal supply ( ,j]sey ,city4 ,?is res]voir c n be dep5d$ ^u z a flood-cat*m5t area1 z x w be ! aim ( ^? 9 au?ority to ma9ta9 ! wat] 9 x z high z possible4 ,p[]ville res]voir4--,a %ort di/ance above ,boonton ! erection ( a comp>atively small dam w\ld flood a l>ge1 irregul>1 flat bas9 hav+ an area ( a little m ?an #d-a_/b squ>e miles & ext5d+ up ! ,rockaway ,valley to ,rockaway ,village1 up ,beav] ,brook to ,bee* ,gl51 & nor? & s\? = consid]able di/ances4 ,! probable capacity ( ?is res]voir has be5 e/imat$1 & x is fairly c]ta9 t x is consid]ably m ?an w\ld be suffici5t = flood cat*m5t4 ,its con/ruction w\ld1 moreov]1 improve ! entire valley & be ( advantage to _m int]e/s4 ,! nor!rn ,new ,j]sey flood commission has select$ = inve/igation a res]voir site on ,rockaway ,riv] at ,p[]ville4 ,by ! erection ( a dam across ! /ream at ?is po9t1 #bh feet 9 height & #dgj feet long1 a res]voir #d4f squ>e miles 9 area1 ) a capacity ( #a1efe1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 w\ld be af=d$4 ,! dra9age area above ?is po9t is #aad squ>e miles4 ,! co/ ( su* a res]voir is e/imat$ at #fjj1jjj4 ,nor? f ,p[]ville1 ne> ! conf9es ( ! propos$ ,p[]ville res]voir1 !re is an available res]voir site along ,/ony ,brook4 ,by ! erection ( a dam #a1ajj feet long & #abj feet high a lake w\ld be =m$ #fde acres 9 ext5t1 :i* w\ld s]ve z a flood-cat*m5t bas9 & a comp5sat+ res]voir4 ,?is res]voir w\ld hold approximately #hej1jjj1jjj cubic feet4 ,! con/ruction ( a res]voir at ?is place (f]s no eng9e]+ difficulties1 & ! project may be reg>d$ z extremely favorable4 ,dixons ,pond1 we/ ( ,rockaway ,valley & nor?we/ ( ,p[]ville1 is a small %eet ( wat] :i* lies 9 a valley :i* might be flood$ to a great] height4 ,by ! erection ( a dam #dej feet long & #cj feet high a lake ( #acf acres w\ld be creat$1 :i* w\ld =m a "p ( ! flood cat*m5t & comp5sat+ s]vice4 ,longwood ,valley res]voir4--,a l>ge /orage bas9 is af=d$ 9 ,longwood ,valley :i*1 if develop$ to its full ext5t1 w\ld ext5d f a po9t ab\t a mile bel[ ,l[] ,longwood #g miles up ! headwat]s & rea* to ab\t #a-a_/b miles above ,pet]sburg4 ,an alt]native proposition is af=d$ :i* involves ! subm]g+ ( less ?an half ?is area4 ,a dam #hjj feet long & #ee feet high might be erect$ across a gorge ab\t #a mile s\? ( ,pet]sburg4 ,!re w\ld be =m$ a lake ( ab\t #a4bdg squ>e miles1 or #hjj acres 9 ext5t4 ,! hamlet ( ,pet]sburg w\ld be subm]g$1 b ! damages f ! de/ruction ( improv$ prop]ty w\ld n be v great1 z ! improvem5ts & ! l& are n especially valuable4 ,?is res]voir w\ld h a capacity ( ab\t #ifd1jjj1jjj cubic feet & ! surface w\ld be at a height ( #hjj feet above sea level4 ,! alt]native plan1 t ( us+ a long] /ret* ( ! valley = res]voir purposes1 w\ld involve ! con/ruction ab\t #a mile bel[ ,l[] ,longwood ( a dam #a1cjj feet long & #aaj feet high4 ,! res]voir ?us =m$ w\ld be #a1ijj acres 9 ext5t & conta9 approximately #c1ddg1jjj1jjj cubic feet4 ,! dra9age area above ?is dam is limit$1 & if ! res]voir 7 drawn d[n to an am\nt equival5t to #ae in*es ^u ! dra9age area !re w\ld /ill rema9 an enorm\s am\nt ( wat] :i* c\ld be us$ 9 a comp5satory way to tide ov] dry seasons4 ,splitrock ,pond4--,by erect+ a dam #eej feet long & #cj feet high across a gorge at ! outlet ( ,splitrock ,pond1 a lake c\ld be =m$ hav+ an area ( #fbe acres & add+ to ! pres5t /orage capacity ( ! lake an am\nt approximately equal to #dge1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 equival5t to #ch4ge in*es on ! dra9age area4 ,?us x is se5 t if ?is res]voir 7 drawn d[n an am\nt equival5t to #ae in*es on ! dra9age area1 :i* w\ld )\t d\bt give suffici5t protection f all floods1 !re w\ld /ill rema9 a /orage capacity ( #bc4ge in*es = comp5sat+ purposes 9 addition to ! am\nt n[ available 9 ,splitrock ,pond4 ,?is project is "o ( ! mo/ attractive 9 ! ,rockaway ,bas91 z ! damages :i* w\ld be caus$ by flood+ w\ld be1 comp>atively speak+1 nil4 ,! prop]ty is1 h[ev]1 n[ own$ by ! ,ea/ ,j]sey ,wat] ,company1 & is priz$ highly z a res]voir site by t corporation4 ,,upp] ,,passaic ,,bas94 ,mill+ton res]voir4--,!re is an area ( swamp l&1 compris+ a "p ( ! dra9age area ( upp] ,passaic ,riv] above ,mill+ton1 :i* is kn[n z ,great ,passaic ,swamp4 ,x is b\nd$ on ! s\? by a long1 n>r[ trap ridge kn[n z ,long ,hill1 ! summit ( :i* ranges f #djj to #ejj feet 9 elevation1 or r\ghly #bjj feet above ! bord] ( ?is swamp4 ,to ! nor?we/ ! l& rises gradually t[>d ,tr[bridge ,m\nta9s1 :ile to ! nor!a/ is ! t]m9al mora9e4 ,! outlet ( ,passaic ,riv] at ,mill+ton is by a n>r[ gorge1 :i* (f]s natural facilities = ! erection ( a dam4 ,! :ole situation is exceptionally good1 & ! surface ( a res]voir might be fix$ at any elevation betwe5 #bdj & #cjj feet above sea level4 ,) ! surface ( ! res]voir at #cjj feet a dam #a1fjj feet long & #ij feet high w\ld be requir$4 ,?is lake w\ld h an area ( #bh4df squ>e miles4 ,! dra9age area above ,mill+ton has1 h[ev]1 an area ( only #ec4f squ>e miles1 & ! propos$ res]voir w\ld !re=e cov] m ?an half ( ?is4 ,!re=e ! cons]vation ( s l>ge a quantity ( wat] w\ld n be necess>y nor advisable1 unless ! beautify+ ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 7 an object to be tak5 into consid]ation1 :i* might be pr(itable4 ,a bett] project1 h[ev]1 w\ld be to con/ruct a dam at ,mill+ton #ijj feet long & #ej feet high1 ! cre/ be+ ab\t #bfj feet above sea level4 ,!re w\ld be =m$ a lake ) an area ( #ai4da squ>e miles1 & a capacity ( #a1dgg1fjj1jjj cubic feet1 equal to #i4hfd feet on ! dra9age area4 ,?is project is too great = ! necessities "h pres5t$1 & w\ld n be wisely consid]$ unless x 7 f\nd advantage\s to improve ! c\ntry g5]ally z a place ( suburban resid5ce4 ,! l& :i* w\ld be flood$ ) ! res]voir cre/ at #bfj feet is ( a wet1 swampy "*1 & its value = agricultural purposes is some:at d\btful4 ,su* con/ruction w\ld involve ! flood+ ( #ac miles ( road1 :i*1 h[ev]1 w\ld n involve a great loss ( inve/$ capital1 z ! roads g5]ally are ( a poor "*4 ,a second alt]native w\ld involve ! con/ruction ( a dam across ! ,mill+ton gorge1 #eej feet long & #cj feet high1 rais+ ! wat] to #bdj feet above sea level & creat+ a lake ( #ad4dj squ>e miles4 ,?is w\ld cons]ve #d1jbf1jjj1jjj cubic feet1 equal to #b4fi feet on ! dra9age area4 ,?is w\ld be ample = flood purposes & w\ld /ill af=d a l>ge imp\nd$ area1 z ! draw+ (f ( an am\nt equal to #aj or ev5 #ae in*es on ! wat]%$ w\ld n r$uce ! size ( ! lake to any great ext5t4 ,! :ole project "h pres5t$ involves few difficulties1 & z ! dra9age area above is ( small ext5t1 ! m]e "q ( cons]v+ ! flood wat]s c\ld be met )\t great difficulty4 ,! natural advantages1 h[ev]1 are s great & ! l& includ$ )9 ,great ,passaic ,swamp is ( s little value t ! surr\nd+ c\ntry w\ld be improv$ & beautifi$ by ! con/ruction ( su* a res]voir4 ,! opportunity = v>y+ ! "* ( ! res]voir to meet ! ideas ( ^? int]e/$ seems unexampl$1 & z a :ole x pres5ts an extremely int]e/+ field :i* may be pr(itably exploit$4 ,,saddle ,,riv]4 ,?is /ream has be5 describ$ 9 ! report on ! flood ( #aijb1 already ref]r$ to4 ,x contributes a l>ge am\nt ( wat] to ! ma9 art]y ( ! ,passaic bel[ ,dundee dam1 & z ! riv] *annel at t po9t is ov]burd5$ "u ! pres5t conditions because ( lack ( slope & num]\s cat*m5ts1 toge!r ) :at is kn[n z ! ,wall+ton ,b5d1 x increases v mat]ially ! damage caus$ by floods4 ,! mo/ effectual rem$y 9 ! case ( ,saddle ,riv] floods is t ( con/ruction ( flood cat*m5ts4 ,no /udies h be5 made ( ! situation 9 ! ,saddle ,riv] dra9age area1 b a sup]ficial inspection ( ! bas9 %[s t opportunities = ! con/ruction ( flood-cat*m5t res]voirs are n num]\s4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,flood-,,cat*m5t ,,projects4 ,by foll[+ ! plans describ$ 9 ! prec$+ pages absolute flood cat*m5ts may be provid$ above ,little ,falls on ! ,passaic ,bas9 = #eea4g squ>e miles1 leav+ only #bba4b squ>e miles f :i* flood run-(f w\ld fl[ imm$iately4 ,! accompli%m5t ( ?is w\ld involve ! con/ruction ( ,pompton res]voir1 :i* w\ld )hold all flood wat]s f ! nor!rn tribut>ies4 ,x w\ld leave unprovid$ = #bj4b squ>e miles on ! ,rockaway1 #ga4g squ>e miles on ! ,:ippany1 #df4b squ>e miles on ! upp] ,passaic1 & #hc4g squ>e miles tribut>y to ! ,c5tral ,bas9 & n includ$ above4 ,leav+ ,pompton res]voir out ( consid]ation1 & cons]v+ flood run-(f on ! ,ramapo1 ,wanaque1 & ,pequanac riv]s1 !re w\ld be absolute flood cat*m5t up to a #ab-;in* run-(f ov] #did4h squ>e miles above ,little ,falls4 ,?is w\ld leave #bgh4a squ>e miles unprovid$ =1 ! run-(f f :i* w\ld n ov]burd5 ! *annel 9 ! l[] valley1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t *annel 7 improv$ to a maximum c>ry+ capacity4 ,,pref]able ,,res]voir ,,sites4 ,! foll[+ table & discussion ( pref]able sites = flood prev5tion are tak5 f ! report ( ! eng9e]+ committee ( ! nor!rn ,new ,j]sey flood commission3 ,table %[+ detail$ facts reg>d+ possible res]voir sites on ,passaic dra9age bas94 ,,key3 ,a3 ,area ( wat]%$4 ,b3 ,area ( res]voir4 ,c3 ,height ( dam4 ,d3 ,l5g? ( dam4 ,e3 ,elevation ( fl[ l9e4 ,f3 ,/orage1 wat]%$4 ,g3 ,/orage capacity4 ,h3 ,total co/4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,res]voir4 ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,sq4 ,sq4 ,feet4 ,feet4 ,feet4,in*es4,million mi4 mi4 c4f4 ,ramapo #adj #b4h #fe #a1gjj #bhj #e4e #a1gfh #ijj1jjj ,wanaque #hc #b4a #fj #a1bjj #bge #g4g #a1dia #a1jjj1jjj ,newf\ndl& #eb #a4h #dj #dcj #ghj #h #iff #a1hjj1jjj ,rockaway #aad #d4f #bh #dgj #ebj #f #a1efe #fjj1jjj ,mill+ton #ef #ae4h #be #bbj #bde #ca #d1jfj #cgj1jjj ,great ,piece #ggc #cg #ba #a1ejj #agh4e #i;,c #h1iej #b1fbe1jjj ,m\nta9 ,view #chj #ac4d #db #b1aej #bjb #h #g1bjj #c1cdj1jjj ,d4 #chj #ac4i #dd #b1chj #bjd #i #g1ijj #c1dfj1jjj ,d4 #chj #ad4c #df #b1dgj #bjf #aj #h1gjj #c1eij1jjj ,d4 #chj #ag4d #fj #c1jjj #bbj #ag #ae1jjj #e1bfj1jjj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,footnote ,c3 ,includ+ wat] dis*>g$ ?r\gh fix$ op5+s1 9 a flood simil> to t ( ,octob]1 #aijc4 ,maximum dis*>ge1 #ab1jjj cubic feet p] second4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,mill+ton res]voir site :]e ! co/ ( ! dam is a small factor1 ! elevation ( fl[ l9e 9 ! v>i\s res]voirs :i* det]m9es ! capacity 0 fix$ s z to af=d an approximate /orage equal to a run-(f ( ab\t #h in*es f ! dra9age area above ea* dam site4 ,?is am\nt is some:at 9 excess ( ! run-(f = ! flood ( ,octob]1 #aijc4 ,x 0 f\nd impracticable on ! ,rockaway res]voir site to provide = a /orage great] ?an #f in*es4 ,on ! ,wanaque ! am\nt :i* c be /or$ falls slightly "u #h in*es1 :ile on ! ,ramapo x is possible to obta9 only #e-a_/b in*es1 by reason ( ! fact t ) a great] /orage capacity ! slack wat] w\ld rea* into ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,! economical height = a dam at ! l[] end ( ! ,great ,piece ,mead[1 if su* dam is provid$ ) fix$ dis*>ge op5+s :i* w c>ry a maximum outfl[ ( #ab1jjj cubic feet p] second1 w provide a res]voir :i* w dispose ( a run-(f ( #i in*es on ! dra9age area above4 ,! foll[+ comb9ations ( res]voir sites1 ) _! respective dra9age areas1 proportional /orage1 & e/imat$ co/s1 give ! facts necess>y = f9al d$uctions3 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,dra9age ,wat] ,equival5t ,site4 area4 collect$4 area ,co/4 ret>d$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,squ>e miles4 ,in*es4 ,squ>e miles4 ,ramapo #adj #e4e #if4be #ijj1jjj ,wanaque #hc #g4g #hj #a1jjj1jjj ,pequanac #eb #h #eb #a1hjj1jjj ,rockaway #aad #f #he4e #fjj1jjj ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,total #chi #cac4ge #d1cjj1jjj ,ramapo #adj #e4e #if4be #ijj1jjj ,wanaque #hc #g4g #hj #a1jjj1jjj ,rockaway #aad #f #he4e #fjj1jjj ,mill+ton #ef #ca #ef #cgj1jjj ,total #cic #cag4ge #c1hgj1jjj ,great ,piece #ggc #d4e #dce #b1fbe1jjj ,m\nta9 ,view #chj #h #chj #c1cdj1jjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,! necessity to ret>d ! fl[ ( or provide /orage = approximately #chj squ>e miles ( highl& dra9age area has be5 det]m9$ aft] c>eful /udy1 & !re has be5 d$uc$ an am\nt :i* may safely be expect$ to repres5t ! maximum = ! highe/ floods4 ,:5 ! highl& tribut>ies are suffici5tly *eck$ ! natural /orage on ,great ,piece ,mead[ 9 its effect ^u flood control becomes m app>5t4 ,our inve/igations %[ t ! hold+ back ( ! flood fl[--t is1 #h in*es run-(f on approximately #chj squ>e miles ( fla%y dra9age area above ,great ,piece ,mead[--is necess>y to r$uce ! dis*>ge 9 ! riv] ?r\gh ! city ( ,pat]son to #ad1jjj cubic feet p] second = a flood simil> to t ( #aijc4 ,f ! =ego+ table1 9 :i* diff]5t res]voir projects are comp>$1 x is se5 t only ! res]voirs designat$ z ,great ,piece & ,m\nta9 ,view w fulfill ! requirem5ts )9 a reasonable limit ( co/4 ,x is also %[n t a comb9ation ( any o!r available sites w\ld involve ! exp5diture ( m money = _! con/ruction & ! control ( less tribut>y dra9age area ?an is fulfill$ by ! dem&s ( ! ,passaic dra9age bas94 ,we are !re=e br\ght to ! conclusion t only two ( ! projects above set =? w be effective4 ,fir/1 ! con/ruction ( a regulat+ dam on ! ma9 /ream above ,little ,falls1 :i* we h call$ ! ,great ,piece ,mead[ ,res]voir1 & second1 ! build+ ( a dam at ,m\nta9 ,view across ,pompton ,riv]4 ,! relative co/ ( ^! res]voirs1 con/ruct$ = flood control exclusively1 is #b1fbe1jjj = t on ,great ,piece ,mead[ & #c1cdj1jjj = ! ,m\nta9 ,view site4 ,details ( ^! e/imates are z foll[s3 ,e/imate ( co/ ( ,great ,piece ,res]voir1 dam at ,little ,falls4 ,elevation ( fl[ l9e1 #agh4e feet4 ,/orage & disposal ( #i in*es collect$4,d ,e>? excavation1 #ag1fjj cubic y>ds1 at #ce c5ts #f1afj ,rock excavation1 #h1hjj cubic y>ds1 at #b #ag1fjj ,rubble masonry1 #bi1ajj cubic y>ds1 at #e #ade1ejj ,a%l> masonry1 #a1hjj cubic y>ds1 at #ab #ba1fjj ,facework ( rubble masonry1 #b1hej squ>e y>ds1 at #a4ej #d1bge ,concrete masonry1 #bej cubic y>ds1 at #f #a1ejj ,slope pav+1 #cjj cubic y>ds1 at #b #fjj ,cru%$ /one1 #aej cubic y>ds1 at #a4ej #bbe #fj-;in* ca/-iron pipe 9 place1 #cfj tons1 at #ce #ab1fjj ,relocation ( railroads1 ,erie1 #e miles1 at #bj1jjj2 ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n1 #d4e miles1 at #dj1jjj #bhj1jjj ,relocation ( highways #agj1jjj ,real e/ate3 ,above ,m\nta9 ,view #ejj1jjj ,additional = village ( ,s+ac #ajj1jjj #bb1jjj acres1 at #ej #a1ajj1jjj ---------- #b1cfj1jjj ,add = eng9e]+ & cont+5cies #bdj1jjj ---------- #b1fjj1jjj ,protection ( pipe l9es1 ,new>k & ,j]sey ,city #be1jjj ---------- #b1fbe1jjj ,! effectiv5ess ( a res]voir built ^u ! l9es propos$ 9 ! case ( ,great ,piece ,mead[ dep5ds ^u ! adju/m5t ( outfl[ s t ! *annel bel[ w n be ov]borne1 :ile at ! same "t suffici5t /orage capacity is af=d$ to hold tempor>ily ! wat] :i* ent]s above ! dam 9 am\nt great] ?an ! c>ry+ capacity ( ! outfl[ ap]tures4 ,! dam across ,passaic ,riv] above ,little ,falls w\ld be provid$ ) ap]tures :i* w\ld dis*>ge #ab1jjj cubic feet p] second "u ! maximum head 9 ! /orage bas94 ,z ! flood rises ^! ap]tures w\ld dis*>ge a con/antly increas+ am\nt ( wat] to ! maximum1 & = a consid]able "t !reaft] ! maximum w\ld be ma9ta9$1 ! dis*>ge decreas+ aft] ! flood accord+ to ! height ( wat] rema9+ 9 ! res]voir4 ,footnote ,d3 ,includes wat] dis*>g$ ?r\gh fix$ op5+s = a flood simil> to t ( ,octob]1 #aijc4 ,maximum fl[1 #ab1jjj cubic feet p] second4 ,e/imat$ co/ ( ,m\nta9 ,view ,res]voir4 ,elevation ( fl[ l9e1 #bjb feet4 ,/orage ( #h in*es on wat]%$4 ,e>? excavation3 ,/ripp+ dam base1 #hc1ejj cubic y>ds1 at #j4cj #be1jej ,core wall tr5*1 #bd1ijj cubic y>ds1 at #a #bd1ijj ,rock excavation1 #aj1ajj cubic y>ds1 at #b #bj1bjj ,rock fill 9 dam1 #aig1jjj cubic y>ds1 at #a4be #bdf1bej ,rubble masonry1 #bc1bjj cubic y>ds1 at #e #aaf1jjj ,concrete1 #cj1jjj cubic y>ds1 at #f #ahj1jjj ,gate *amb]s & tunnels #fe1jjj ,recon/ruction ( highways #adb1djj ,recon/ruction ( railroads #hae1jjj ,real e/ate #a1cfj1jjj ---------- #b1iid1hjj ,eng9e]+ & cont+5cies #cbe1bjj ---------- #c1cbj1jjj ,protection ( ,new>k pipe l9e #bj1jjj ---------- ,total co/ #c1cdj1jjj ,same = elevation ( fl[ l9e1 #bjd feet4 ,/orage ( #i in*es on wat]%$4 ,e>? excavation3 ,/ripp+ dam base1 #he1bjj cubic y>ds1 at #j4cj #be1efj ,core wall tr5*1 #bf1jjj cubic y>ds1 at #a #bf1jjj ,rock excavation1 #aj1fjj cubic y>ds1 at #b #ba1bjj ,rock fill 9 dam1 #bad1jjj cubic y>ds1 at #a4be #bfg1ejj ,rubble masonry1 #bd1ejj cubic y>ds1 at #e #abb1ejj ,concrete1 #cj1ejj cubic y>ds1 at #f #ahc1jjj ,gate *amb]s & tunnels #fe1jjj ,recon/ruction ( highways #adb1djj ,recon/ruction ( railroads #hae1jjj ,real e/ate #a1dce1jjj ---------- #c1ajc1afj ,eng9e]+ & cont+5cies #ccf1hdj ---------- #c1ddj1jjj ,protection ( ,new>k pipe l9e #bj1jjj ---------- ,total co/ #c1dfj1jjj ,! f9al recomm5dation ( ! committee involves ! consid]ation ( two projects = flood /orage1 "o on ,great ,piece ,mead[ & ! o!r above ,m\nta9 ,view on ! ,pompton4 ,9 mak+ su* recomm5dations ! committee is ( ! op9ion t x mu/ take into acc\nt matt]s ( eng9e]+ policy ) reg>d to future ne$s & cont+5cies1 z well z ! b>e necessities ( ! pres5t4 ,if !re 7 none o!r ?an ! s+le problem ( prev5tion ! committee w\ld advise ! con/ruction ( ! res]voir on ,great ,piece ,mead[ by reason ( its small] probable co/ & its equal effici5cy4 ,x is pla91 h[ev]1 t !re are _m important features ( public policy involv$ 9 ! subject at h&4 ,population 9 ! valley ( ! ,passaic is develop+ s rapidly t 9 only a few ye>s ! pres5t s\rces ( wat] supply w be inadequate4 ,! :ole subject ( wat] supply = nor!rn ,new ,j]sey dem&s imm$iate consid]ation1 & x w\ld n be wise to take up ! matt] ( prev5tion ( flood damage 9 ! ,passaic )\t bas+ ! value ( e project ^u its adaptability = use 9 future wat]-supply ne$s4 ,by exp5d+ #b1fjj1jjj a great res]voir c\ld be con/ruct$ ^u ,great ,piece ,mead[ :i* c\ld n be adapt$ = any purposes except to regulate floods2 x w\ld /& 9 season & out ( season a huge feature ( ! valley & entirely useless & inop]ative save on ! occasion ( high wat]4 ,h[ev] great might be ! ne$s ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,passaic ,valley = a cons]v$ wat] supply1 ! con/ruction on ! mead[s1 repres5t+ an enorm\s exp5diture1 w\ld furni% no solution ( ! problem4 ,x w\ld admit ( no enl>gem5t = wat]-supply /orage & w\ld be available = no purpose except flood regulation4 ,:5 we consid] ! ,m\nta9 ,view project1 h[ev]1 we f9d t z a measure = ! prev5tion ( flood damages x fulfills all ! requirem5ts & provides 9 addition all ! possibilities & advantages dem&$ inevitably 9 ! ne> future4 ,! ,m\nta9 ,view site is an ideal "o = ! res]voir1 & its initial developm5t = flood cat*m5t does n involve ! exp5diture ( a doll> t w\ld be lo/ 9 ! developm5t ( ! bas9 to great] capacities = wat] supply4 ,f its l[e/ level1 at #bjb feet above tide1 to its maximum capacity1 at a level ( #bbj1 !re w\ld be no depreciation4 ,e doll> sp5t 9 ! initial con/ruction w\ld be effective 9 ! maximum developm5t4 ,! probable co/ ( ,m\nta9 ,view res]voir1 e/imat$ at #c1cdj1jjj1 exce$s t ( ,great ,piece by #gjj1jjj4 ,x is realiz$ t to _m p]sons ?is m>g9 may seem v wide4 ,let u consid] briefly j :at x really repres5ts4 ,suppose1 = example1 t ! ,great ,piece project is con/ruct$ at a co/ ( #b1fjj1jjj4 ,aft] ! elapse ( a few ye>s x w be necess>y to provide additional /orage 9 ! ,passaic highl&s = wat] supply or ! ma9t5ance ( wat] p[]4 ,! ,m\nta9 ,view res]voir1 or its equival5t 9 capacity & co/1 w !n be necess>y4 ,! situation w !n be z foll[s3 ,by con/ruct+ ! ,great ,piece res]voir 9 pref]5ce to ! ,m\nta9 ,view = flood cat*m5t1 #gjj1jjj w\ld be sav$4 ,we c consid] t ?is am\nt might be exp5d$ to pay a "p ( ! co/ ( additional cons]vation above ref]r$ to4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ,m\nta9 ,view _h be5 con/ruct$1 !re w\ld h be5 paid on ! f9al co/ ( cons]vance ! sum ( #c1cdj1jjj1 :i*1 z /at$ 9 previ\s pages1 w\ld also h effect$ flood relief4 ,!re w\ld !n be ! diff]5ce betwe5 #b1fjj1jjj & #gjj1jjj1 or #a1ijj1jjj1 :i* repres5ts ! actual loss :i* w\ld accrue by reason ( ! con/ruction ( ,great ,piece res]voir4 ,! eng9e]+ committee1 aft] pres5t+ ! m]its ( bo? ,great ,piece ,mead[ & ,m\nta9 ,view projects1 !re=e recomm5ds ! adoption ( ! latt] 9 spite ( its great] co/1 because x is believ$ t 9 ! end ! con/ruction ( ! ,great ,piece project w\ld involve an exp5diture n w>rant$ by public economy or g5]al exp$i5cy4 ,,g5]al ,,conclusions4 #a4 ,great floods 9 ! ,passaic ,bas9 arise only aft] a specially viol5t precipitation4 #b4 ,"u pres5t conditions floods may be expect$ at frequ5t int]vals4 #c4 ,a "p ( ! damage along ! l[] valley is ! result ( encroa*m5ts on ! "p ( individuals & public & private corporations4 #d4 ,! *annel 9 ! l[] valley may be improv$ at c]ta9 po9ts by /raight5+ x & judici\sly mak+ cut-(fs4 #e4 ,)\t ! con/ruction ( num]\s levees ! l[] valley *annel c n be made to c>ry great flood wat]s )\t damage4 #f4 ,immunity f floods c be effect$ only by ! con/ruction ( cat*m5t res]voirs 9 ! highl&s or levees 9 ! l[l&s4 #g4 ,levee con/ruction w\ld involve m damage ?an is n[ caus$ by floods1 & ! co/ !re( w\ld be prohibitive4 #h4 ,flood cat*m5t res]voirs may be con/ruct$ economically & provide /orage to comp5sate = ! dry-season fl[1 !reby ma9ta9+ wat] p[] at ,pat]son1 ,passaic1 & o!r po9ts1 & provid+ = municipal wat] supply 9 ! future4 ,,index4 ,ar* /reet bridge1 ,pat]son1 de/ruction (2 #bg ,beattie's dam1 flood fl[ at2 #af-ag flood p]iod at2 #i view (2 #af ,bridges1 de/ruction (2 #bf-bg ,capacity ( /reams1 increase 92 #bh ,c5tral ,bas91 damage 92 #bd flood 91 desc5t (2 #ad-ae ,*>lotteburg1 ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ab ,*a?am1 flood p]iod at2 #aj ,*e/]1 ra9fall at2 #aa ,cranb]ry ,pond1 dam at1 failure (2 #bd ,damages1 discussion (2 #bc-bh ,d>l+ton1 res]voir site at2 #cc ,dixons ,pond1 res]voir site at2 #cg ,dov]1 ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ab ,dr\ght1 relation ( ra9fall to2 #ab ,dundee dam1 flood fl[ ov]2 #ag-bb flood fl[ ov]1 diagram %[+2 #bj flood p]iod at2 #i floods at1 comp>ison (1 figure %[+2 #ah ,ea/ ,j]sey ,wat] ,company1 damage at pump+ /ation (2 #be-bf ,elizabe?1 ra9fall at2 #aa ,essex ,fells1 ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ab ,flood1 desc5t (2 #ad-bb p]iod (2 #i-aj prev5tion (2 #bh-dd ,flood damage1 plates %[+2 #bf1 #bh ,floods1 g5]al conclusions conc]n+2 #dd-de ,great ,passaic ,swamp1 res]voir site at2 #ch-ci ,great ,piece res]voir1 co/ (1 e/imate (2 #db ,gre5wood ,lake1 use (2 #cd ,hanov]1 ra9fall at2 #aa ,hebrew qu>t]1 ,pat]son1 deva/ation 91 plate %[+2 #bh ,highl& tribut>ies1 damages along2 #bc-be desc5t ( flood 92 #ad-ae ,hotel1 wreck (1 plate %[+2 #bf ,little ,falls1 dam at1 view (2 #af damage at2 #be-bf flood fl[ at2 #af-ag flood p]iod at2 #i ra9fall at2 #ab ,longwood ,valley1 res]voir site 92 #cg ,l[] ,longwood1 res]voir site ne>2 #ch ,l[] ,valley1 damage 92 #be-bh improvem5ts 91 discussion (2 #bi-ca ,ludlum ,/eel & ,iron ,company1 wat] front (2 #bd ,macop9 dam1 flood fl[ at2 #ae-af flood p]iod at2 #aj ,ma9 /reet bridge1 ,pat]son1 de/ruction (2 #bg ,midvale1 propos$ res]voir ne>2 #cd ,mill di/rict1 ,pat]son1 effects ( flood 91 plate %[+2 #bf ,mill+ton1 res]voir site ne>2 #ch-ci1 #dj ,m\nta9 ,view1 res]voir site at2 #ca-cc1 #dj ,m\nta9 ,view res]voir1 co/ (1 e/imate (2 #dc ,new ,york ,city1 ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ac ,new>k1 ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ab1 #ac ,new>k wat] dep>tm5t1 in=mation furni%$ by2 #af ,newell1 ,f4 ,h41 lett] ( transmittal by2 #g ,newf\ndl&1 res]voir site ne>2 #cf1 #dj ,nigg] ,pond1 dam at1 failure (2 #bd ,oakl&1 res]voir site ne>2 #cd ,ob/ructions to fl[ ( ,passaic ,riv]1 discussion (2 #bi-cj ,old ,boonton1 flood p]iod at2 #aj ,passaic1 damage at2 #bg-bh inundat$ l&s at1 plate %[+2 #bh ,passaic ,bas91 res]voir sites 9 upp]2 #ch-ci /orage facilities 91 effect (2 #aa ,passaic ,riv]1 bridge ov]1 plate %[+2 #bh flood fl[ (2 #ag-bb diagram %[+2 #bj flood p]iod on2 #aj floods on1 comp>ison (1 diagram %[+2 #ah fl[ (1 ob/ructions to2 #bi-cj ,passaic ,valley1 ra9fall 92 #aa1 #ab ,pat]son1 damage at2 #bf-bg flood di/rict (1 plate %[+2 #bd flood-wat] l9es 9 resid5ce di/rict (1 plate %[+2 #af ,hebrew qu>t] 91 deva/ation 91 plate %[+2 #bh mill di/rict1 effects ( flood 91 plate %[+2 #bf ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ab resid5ce di/rict1 flood-wat] l9es 91 plate %[+2 #af views 92 #af1 #bd1 #bf1 #bh ,pequanac ,bas91 res]voir sites 92 #ce-cf1 #dj1 #da ,pequanac ,riv]1 damage along2 #bd flood fl[ (2 #af flood p]iod on2 #aj ,pet]sburg1 res]voir site ne>2 #cg ,pla9field1 ra9fall at2 #aa ,pompton ,lake1 dry b$ (1 plate %[+2 #bd res]voir site at2 #cc-ce ,pompton ,lakes1 damage at2 #bd ,pompton ,lakes dam1 plate %[+2 #bd ,pompton ,pla9s1 damage at2 #bd highe/ wat] at2 #aj ,pompton res]voir1 discussion (2 #ca-cc ,p[]ville1 res]voir site ne>2 #cg ,precipitation1 am\nt (2 #aa-ad ,prev5tion ( floods1 discussion (2 #bh-de ,ra9fall1 am\nt (2 #aa-ad relation ( dr\ght to2 #ab ,ramapo ,riv]1 damages along2 #bc-bd flood on1 "t (2 #i ,ramapo ,valley1 res]voir sites 92 #cc-cd1 #dj1 #da ,res]voir sites1 comp>ison (2 #dj-dd ,res]voirs = prev5t+ floods1 discussion (2 #bh1 #ca-dj ,resid5ce di/rict1 ,pat]son1 flood-wat] l9es 91 plate %[+2 #af ,r+wood1 ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ab ,r+wood ,creek1 res]voir site on2 #ce ,riv] /reet1 ,pat]son1 view (2 #bf ,riv] ,vale1 ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ab ,rockaway ,bas91 res]voir sites on2 #cg-ch1 #dj1 #da ,rockaway ,riv]1 flood p]iod on2 #aj ,saddle ,riv]1 res]voir sites on2 #ci-dj ,%]r]d1 ,m4 ,r41 aid by2 #ae ,smi?1 ,g4 ,w41 quot$ on *anges 9 *annel at ,little ,falls2 #be ,s\? ,orange1 ra9fall at2 #aa1 #ab ,splitrock ,pond1 res]voir site on2 #ch ,spruce /reet1 ,pat]son1 wa%\t at1 plate %[+2 #bf ,/ickle ,pond1 propos$ res]voir at2 #cf ,/ony ,brook1 res]voir site on2 #cg ,/orage res]voirs = prev5t+ floods1 discussion (2 #bh1 #ca-dj ,/reams1 capacity (1 increase 92 #bh ,v]meule1 ,c4 ,c41 quot$ on ,pompton res]voir2 #ca-cb ,wanaque ,bas91 res]voir sites 92 #cd-ce1 #dj1 #da ,we/ ,/reet ,bridge1 ,pat]son1 de/ruction (2 #bf ,we/ ,brook1 res]voir site on2 #ce ,,publications ,,( ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,geological ,,survey4 ,! publications ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey consi/ ( 7#a7 ,annual ,reports2 7#b7 ,monographs2 7#c7 ,pr(essional ,pap]s2 7#d7 ,bullet9s2 7#e7 ,m9]al ,res\rces2 7#f7 ,wat]-,supply & ,irrigation ,pap]s2 7#g7 ,topographic ,atlas ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 folios & sep>ate %eets !re(2 7#h7 ,geologic ,atlas ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 folios !re(4 ,! classes numb]$ #b1 #g1 & #h are sold at co/ ( publication2 ! o!rs are di/ribut$ free4 ,a circul> giv+ complete li/s may be _h on application4 ,! ,bullet9s1 ,pr(essional ,pap]s1 & ,wat]-,supply ,pap]s treat ( a v>iety ( subjects1 & ! total numb] issu$ is l>ge4 ,!y h !re=e be5 classifi$ into ! foll[+ s]ies3 ,a1 ,economic geology2 ,b1 ,descriptive geology2 ,c1 ,sy/ematic geology & paleontology2 ,d1 ,petrography & m9]alogy2 ,e1 ,*emi/ry & physics2 ,f1 ,geography2 ,g1 ,miscellane\s2 ,h1 ,=e/ry2 ,i1 ,irrigation2 ,j1 ,wat] /orage2 ,k1 ,pump+ wat]2 ,l1 ,quality ( wat]2 ,m1 ,g5]al hydrographic inve/igations2 ,n1 ,wat] p[]2 ,o1 ,und]gr\nd wat]s2 ,p1 ,hydrographic progress reports4 ,! foll[+ ,wat]-,supply ,pap]s are out ( /ock1 & c no long] be suppli$3 ,nos4 #a-ad1 #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #bi-cc1 #df1 #eg-fd4 ,complete li/s ( s]ies ,i to ,p foll[4 7,,ws,wat]-,supply ,pap]2 ,b,bullet92 ,,pp,pr(essional ,pap]47 ,,s]ies ,i--,,irrigation4 ,,ws #b4 ,irrigation ne> ,pho5ix1 ,ariz41 by ,a4 ,p4 ,davis4 #ahig4 #ih pp41 #ca pls4 & maps4 ,,ws #e4 ,irrigation practice on ! ,great ,pla9s1 by ,e4 ,b4 ,c[gill4 #ahig4 #ci pp41 #aa pls4 ,,ws #i4 ,irrigation ne> ,greeley1 ,colo41 by ,david ,boyd4 #ahig4 #ij pp41 #ba pls4 ,,ws #aj4 ,irrigation 9 ,mesilla ,valley1 ,new ,mexico1 by ,f4 ,c4 ,b>k]4 #ahih4 #ea pp41 #aa pls4 ,,ws #ac4 ,irrigation sy/ems 9 ,texas1 by ,w4 ,f4 ,hutson4 #ahih4 #fh pp41 #aj pls4 ,,ws #ag4 ,irrigation ne> ,bak]sfield1 ,cal41 by ,c4 ,e4 ,grunsky4 #ahih4 #if pp41 #af pls4 ,,ws #ah4 ,irrigation ne> ,fresno1 ,cal41 by ,c4 ,e4 ,grunsky4 #ahih4 #id pp41 #ad pls4 ,,ws #ai4 ,irrigation ne> ,m]c$1 ,cal41 by ,c4 ,e4 ,grunsky4 #ahii4 #ei pp41 #aa pls4 ,,ws #bc4 ,wat]-"r problems ( ,bighorn ,m\nta9s1 by ,elwood ,mead4 #ahii4 #fb pp41 #g pls4 ,,ws #cb4 ,wat] res\rces ( ,porto ,rico1 by ,h4 ,m4 ,wilson4 #ahii4 #dh pp41 #ag pls4 & maps4 ,,ws #dc4 ,conveyance ( wat] 9 irrigation canals1 flumes1 & pipes1 by ,samuel ,=ti]4 #aija4 #hf pp41 #ae pls4 ,,ws #gj4 ,geology & wat] res\rces ( ! ,patrick & ,go%5 ,hole quadrangles1 ,wyom+1 by ,g4 ,i4 ,adams4 #aijb4 #ej pp41 #aa pls4 ,,ws #ga4 ,irrigation sy/ems ( ,texas1 by ,t4 ,u4 ,taylor4 #aijb4 #acg pp41 #i pls4 ,,ws #gd4 ,wat] res\rces ( ! ,/ate ( ,colorado1 by ,a4 ,l4 ,fell[s4 #aijb4 #aea pp41 #ad pls4 ,,ws #hg4 ,irrigation 9 ,india 7second edition71 by ,h4 ,m4 ,wilson4 #aijc4 #bch pp41 #bg pls4 ,! foll[+ pap]s also relate especially to irrigation3 ,irrigation 9 ,india1 by ,h4 ,m4 ,wilson1 9 ,twelf? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,ii2 two pap]s on irrigation eng9e]+1 by ,h4 ,m4 ,wilson1 9 ,?irte5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iii4 ,,s]ies ,j--,,wat] ,,/orage4 ,,ws #cc4 ,/orage ( wat] on ,gila ,riv]1 ,arizona1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott4 #aijj4 #ih pp41 #cc pls4 ,,ws #dj4 ,! ,au/9 dam1 by ,?omas ,u4 ,taylor4 #aijj4 #ea pp41 #af pls4 ,,ws #de4 ,wat] /orage on ,ca*e ,creek1 ,cali=nia1 by ,a4 ,e4 ,*&l]4 #aija4 #dh pp41 #aj pls4 ,,ws #df4 ,physical *>act]i/ics ( ,k]n ,riv]1 ,cali=nia1 by ,f4 ,h4 ,olm/$1 & ,reconnaissance ( ,yuba ,riv]1 ,cali=nia1 by ,m>sd5 ,manson4 #aija4 #eg pp41 #h pls4 ,,ws #eh4 ,/orage ( wat] on ,k+s ,riv]1 ,cali=nia1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott4 #aijb4 #ajj pp41 #cb pls4 ,,ws #fh4 ,wat] /orage 9 ,truckee ,bas91 ,cali=nia-,nevada1 by ,l4 ,h4 ,taylor4 #aijb4 #ij pp41 #h pls4 ,,ws #gc4 ,wat] /orage on ,salt ,riv]1 ,arizona1 by ,a4 ,p4 ,davis4 #aijb4 #ed pp41 #be pls4 ,,ws #hf4 ,/orage res]voirs ( ,/ony ,creek1 ,cali=nia1 by ,burt ,cole4 #aijc4 #fb pp41 #af pls4 ,,ws #hi4 ,wat] res\rces ( ,sal9as ,valley1 ,cali=nia1 by ,hom] ,haml94 #aijc4--pp41 #ab pls4 ,! foll[+ pap] also %\ld be not$ "u ?is head+3 ,res]voirs = irrigation1 by ,j4 ,d4 ,s*uyl]1 9 ,eighte5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv4 ,,s]ies ,k--,,pump+ ,,wat]4 ,,ws #a4 ,pump+ wat] = irrigation1 by ,h]b]t ,m4 ,wilson4 #ahif4 #eg pp41 #i pls4 ,,ws #h4 ,w9dmills = irrigation1 by ,e4 ,c4 ,murphy4 #ahig4 #di pp41 #h pls4 ,,ws #ad4 ,te/s ( pumps & wat] lifts us$ 9 irrigation1 by ,o4 ,p4 ,hood4 #ahih4 #ia pp41 #a pl4 ,,ws #bj4 ,exp]im5ts ) w9dmills1 by ,t4 ,o4 ,p]ry4 #ahii4 #ig pp41 #ab pls4 ,,ws #bi4 ,wells & w9dmills 9 ,nebraska1 by ,e4 ,h4 ,b>b\r4 #ahii4 #he pp41 #bg pls4 ,,ws #da4 ,! w9dmill2 its effici5cy & economic use1 ,pt4 ,i1 by ,e4 ,c4 ,murphy4 #aija4 #gb pp41 #ad pls4 ,,ws #db4 ,! w9dmill1 ,pt4 ,,ii 7cont9uation ( ,no4 #da74 #aija4 #gc-adg pp41 #ae-af pls4 ,,ws #ia4 ,natural features & economic developm5t ( ,s&usky1 ,maumee1 ,musk+um1 & ,miami dra9age areas 9 ,ohio1 by ,b4 ,h4 ,flynn & ,m4 ,s4 ,flynn4 #aijd4--pp4 ,,s]ies ,l--,,quality ,,( ,,wat]4 ,,ws #c4 ,sewage irrigation1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,raft]4 #ahig4 #ajj pp41 #d pls4 ,,ws #bb4 ,sewage irrigation1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,raft]4 #ahii4 #ajj pp41 #g pls4 ,,ws #gb4 ,sewage pollution ne> ,new ,york ,city1 by ,m4 ,o4 ,leighton4 #aijb4 #ge pp41 #h pls4 ,,ws #gf4 ,fl[ ( riv]s ne> ,new ,york ,city1 by ,h4 ,a4 ,pressey4 #aijc4 #ajh pp41 #ac pls4 ,,ws #gi4 ,normal & pollut$ wat]s 9 nor!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,m4 ,o4 ,leighton4 #aijc4 #aib pp41 #ae pls4 ,,s]ies ,m--,,g5]al ,,hydrographic ,,inve/igations4 ,,ws #ef4 ,me?ods ( /ream measurem5t4 #aija4 #ea pp41 #ab pls4 ,,ws #fd4 ,accuracy ( /ream measurem5ts1 by ,e4 ,c4 ,murphy4 #aijb4 #ii pp41 #d pls4 ,,ws #gf4 ,obs]vations on ! fl[ ( riv]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york ,city1 by ,h4 ,a4 ,pressey4 #aijb4 #ajh pp41 #ac pls4 ,,ws #hj4 ,! relation ( ra9fall to run-(f1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,raft]4 #aijc4 #ajd pp4 ,,ws #ha4 ,cali=nia hydrography1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott4 #aijc4 #dhh pp41 #a pl4 ,,ws #hh4 ,! ,passaic flood ( #aijb1 by ,g4 ,b4 ,holli/] & ,m4 ,o4 ,leighton4 #aijc4 #ef pp41 #ae pls4 ,,ws #ia4 ,natural features & economic developm5t ( ! ,s&usky1 ,maumee1 ,musk+um1 & ,miami dra9age areas 9 ,ohio1 by ,b4 ,h4 ,flynn & ,m4 ,s4 ,flynn4 #aijd4--pp4 ,,ws #ib4 ,! ,passaic flood ( #aijc1 by ,m4 ,o4 ,leighton4 #aijd4--pp41 #g pls4 ,,s]ies ,n--,,wat] ,,p[]4 ,,ws #bd4 ,wat] res\rces ( ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ,pt4 ,i1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,raft]4 #ahii4 #ib pp41 #ac pls4 ,,ws #be4 ,wat] res\rces ( ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,raft]4 #ahii4 #ajj-bjj pp41 #ab pls4 ,,ws #dd4 ,pr(iles ( riv]s1 by ,h5ry ,gannett4 #aija4 #ajj pp41 #aa pls4 ,,ws #fb4 ,hydrography ( ! ,s\!rn ,appala*ian ,m\nta9 region1 ,pt4 ,i1 by ,h4 ,a4 ,pressey4 #aijb4 #ie pp41 #be pls4 ,,ws #fc4 ,hydrography ( ! ,s\!rn ,appala*ian ,m\nta9 region1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 by ,h4 ,a4 ,pressey4 #aijb4 #if-aij pp41 #bf-dd pls4 ,,ws #fi4 ,wat] p[]s ( ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 by ,h4 ,a4 ,pressey4 #aijb4 #abd pp41 #ad pls4 ,,s]ies ,o--,,und]gr\nd ,,wat]s4 ,,ws #d4 ,a reconnaissance 9 s\!a/]n ,wa%+ton1 by ,i4 ,c4 ,russell4 #ahig4 #if pp41 #g pls4 ,,ws #f4 ,und]gr\nd wat]s ( s\?we/]n ,kansas1 by ,erasmus ,hawor?4 #ahig4 #fe pp41 #ab pls4 ,,ws #g4 ,seepage wat]s ( nor!rn ,utah1 by ,samuel ,=ti]4 #ahig4 #ej pp41 #c pls4 ,,ws #ab4 ,und]gr\nd wat]s ( s\!a/]n ,nebraska1 by ,n4 ,h4 ,d>ton4 #ahih4 #ef pp41 #ba pls4 ,,ws #ba4 ,wells ( nor!rn ,indiana1 by ,frank ,lev]ett4 #ahii4 #hb pp41 #b pls4 ,,ws #bf4 ,wells ( s\!rn ,indiana 7cont9uation ( ,no4 #ba71 by ,frank ,lev]ett4 #ahii4 #fd pp4 ,,ws #cj4 ,wat] res\rces ( ! l[] p59sula ( ,mi*igan1 by ,a4 ,c4 ,lane4 #ahii4 #ig pp41 #g pls4 ,,ws #ca4 ,l[] ,mi*igan m9]al wat]s1 by ,a4 ,c4 ,lane4 #ahii4 #ig pp41 #d pls4 ,,ws #cd4 ,geology & wat] res\rces ( a portion ( s\!a/]n ,s\? ,dakota1 by ,j4 ,e4 ,todd4 #aijj4 #cd pp41 #ai pls4 ,,ws #ec4 ,geology & wat] res\rces ( ,nez ,p]ces ,c\nty1 ,idaho1 ,pt4 ,i1 by ,i4 ,c4 ,russell4 #aija4 #hf pp41 #aj pls4 ,,ws #ed4 ,geology & wat] res\rces ( ,nez ,p]ces ,c\nty1 ,idaho1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 by ,i4 ,c4 ,russell4 #aija4 #hg-ada pp4 ,,ws #ee4 ,geology & wat] res\rces ( a portion ( ,yakima ,c\nty1 ,wa%41 by ,g4 ,o4 ,smi?4 #aija4 #fh pp41 #g pls4 ,,ws #eg4 ,prelim9>y li/ ( deep bor+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,pt4 ,i1 by ,n4 ,h4 ,d>ton4 #aijb4 #fj pp4 ,,ws #ei4 ,developm5t & application ( wat] 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,pt4 ,i1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott4 #aijb4 #ie pp41 #aa pls4 ,,ws #fj4 ,developm5t & application ( wat] 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott4 #aijb4 #if-adj pp4 ,,ws #fa4 ,prelim9>y li/ ( deep bor+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 by ,n4 ,h4 ,d>ton4 #aijb4 #fg pp4 ,,ws #fg4 ,! motions ( und]gr\nd wat]s1 by ,c4 ,s4 ,sli*t]4 #aijb4 #ajf pp41 #h pls4 ,b #aii4 ,geology & wat] res\rces ( ! ,snake ,riv] ,pla9s ( ,idaho1 by ,i4 ,c4 ,russell4 #aijb4 #aib pp41 #be pls4 ,,ws #gg4 ,wat] res\rces ( ,molokai1 ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 by ,waldem> ,l9dgr54 #aijc4 #fb pp41 #d pls4 ,,ws #gh4 ,prelim9>y report on artesian bas9s 9 s\?we/]n ,idaho & s\!a/]n ,oregon1 by ,i4 ,c4 ,russell4 #aijc4 #eb pp41 #b pls4 ,,pp #ag4 ,prelim9>y report on ! geology & wat] res\rces ( ,nebraska we/ ( ! "o hundr$ & ?ird m]idian1 by ,n4 ,h4 ,d>ton4 #aijc4 #fi pp41 #dc pls4 ,,ws #ij4 ,geology & wat] res\rces ( a "p ( ! l[] ,james ,riv] ,valley1 ,s\? ,dakota1 by ,j4 ,e4 ,todd & ,c4 ,m4 ,hall4 #aijd4--pp41 #bc pls4 ,! foll[+ pap]s also relate to ?is subject3 ,und]gr\nd wat]s ( ,arkansas ,valley 9 ea/]n ,colorado1 by ,g4 ,k4 ,gilb]t1 9 ,sev5te5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,ii2 ,prelim9>y report on artesian wat]s ( a portion ( ! ,dakotas1 by ,n4 ,h4 ,d>ton1 9 ,sev5te5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,ii2 ,wat] res\rces ( ,ill9ois1 by ,frank ,lev]ett1 9 ,sev5te5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,ii2 ,wat] res\rces ( ,indiana & ,ohio1 by ,frank ,lev]ett1 9 ,eighte5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv2 ,new developm5ts 9 well bor+ & irrigation 9 ea/]n ,s\? ,dakota1 by ,n4 ,h4 ,d>ton1 9 ,eighte5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv2 ,rock wat]s ( ,ohio1 by ,edw>d ,orton1 9 ,n9ete5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv2 ,artesian well prospects 9 ,atlantic ,coa/al ,pla9 region1 by ,n4 ,h4 ,d>ton1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #ach4 ,,s]ies ,p--,,hydrographic ,,progress ,,reports4 ,progress reports may be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ publications3 ,= #ahhh-hi1 ,t5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,ii2 = #ahhi-ij1 ,elev5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,ii2 = #ahij-ia1 ,twelf? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,ii2 = #ahia-ib1 ,?irte5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iii2 = #ahic-id1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #aca2 = #ahie1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #adj2 = #ahif1 ,eighte5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv1 ,,ws #aa2 = #ahig1 ,n9ete5? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv1 ,,ws #ae1 #af2 = #ahih1 ,tw5tie? ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv1 ,,ws #bg1 #bh2 = #ahii1 ,tw5ty-fir/ ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv1 ,,ws #ce-ci2 = #aijj1 ,tw5ty-second ,annual1 ,pt4 ,,iv1 ,,ws #dg-eb2 = #aija1 ,,ws #fe1 #ff1 #gf2 = #aijb1 ,,ws #hb-he4 ,correspond5ce %\ld be address$ to ,,! ,,director1 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,geological ,,survey1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4