,,?ree ,,fr5* ,,morali/s ,,& ,,! ,,gallantry ,,( ,,france ,,by ,,edmund ,,gosse1 ,c4,b4 ,,(fici] ,,de ,,la ,l,,gion ,d',,honneur ,,london ,,william ,,he9emann ,,to ,,"l ,,ribblesdale ,?is little book1 long ! subject ( my m$itation1 sudd5ly began to take %ape "o ,sunday morn+ :5 ,i 0 y\r gue/ at ,gisburne4 ,we 7 actually />t+ = *ur*1 & ! c> 0 at ! door1 :5 ,i ann\nc$ to y t ! _s mov$ me to /ay beh9d4 ,v well1 !n1 y said1 ) y\r habitual good-nature1 we leave y to y\r folios4 ,my folios 7 ! ?ree volumes ( "o ( ! smalle/ ( books1 ! #ahmo edition ( ,vauv5>gues publi%$ by ,plon 9 #ahgd4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a viol5t ?und]/orm1 :i* 0 l a decl>ation ( w> ^u y\r gold5 ,york%ire summ]1 ,i wrote my fir/ pages1 & y 7 s sceptical1 :5 y came back1 z to my hav+ done any?+ b wat* ! lightn+1 t ,i told y y w\ld h to endure ! responsibility ( be+ sponsor to a "w ?us sudd5ly begun 9 all ! agitation ( ! elem5ts4 ,s1 su* z "t has prov$ x1 "h x is4 ,,cont5ts ,,introduction ,,?ree ,,fr5* ,,morali/s-- ,,la ,,ro*ef\cauld ,,la ,,bruy,,re ,,vauv5>gues ,,! ,,gallantry ,,( ,,france ,,bibliographical ,,note ,,introduction ,! object ( ^! essays is to trace back to its s\rce1 or to "s ( its s\rces--= ! s\l ( ,france is f> too complex to be measur$ by "o sy/em--! _s ( gallantry :i* inspir$ ! "y ,fr5* (fic]s at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>4 ,we _c exam9e too m9utely1 or ) too rev]5t an en?usiasm1 ! ef=t ( our great ally1 & 9 ?is !me = our admiration !re are _m /ra9s1 "s ( :i* pres5t !mselves 9 app>5t opposition to "o ano!r4 ,! w> has n[ la/$ s long1 & has s completely alt]$ its "*1 t :at 0 true ( ! temp] ( ! soldi]s ( ,france 9 ,novemb] #aiad is no long] true 9 ,april #aiah4 ,confid5ce & det]m9ation are /ill !re1 !re is no dim9ution 9 dome/ic int5sity or 9 patriotic f]v\r1 b ! long cont9uance ( ! /ruggle has modifi$ ! temp] ( ! ,fr5* (fic]1 & x w probably nev] be aga9 :at x 0 9 ! /ress & tempe/ ( sacrifice ?ree ye>s & a half ago1 :5 ! "y ,fr5* soldi]s1 flu%$ ) ! idealisms :i* !y _h imbib$ at ,/4 ,cyr1 ru%$ to battle l palad9s1 ) a pure he>t1 9 ! rapture ( *ivalry & duty4 ,all t has long be5 we>i$ out1 & might ev5 be =gott51 if ! lett]s & j\rnals ( a great cl\d ( witnesses 7 n =tunately extant4 ,! record kept by ! fri5ds ( ,paul ,l9ti] & ^? o!rs :om ,i am pres5tly to m5tion1 & by innum]able p]sons to ^: memory ju/ice _c "h be done1 w keep fre% 9 ! hi/ory ( ,france ! idealism ( a spl5did g5]ation4 ,n[ we see1 & = a long "t pa/ h se51 a diff]5t attitude on ! fields ( ,*ampagne & ,pic>dy4 ,!re is no fea!r worn n[ 9 ! cap1 no :ite gloves grasp ! sword2 ! ,sa9t ,cyrian elegance is ov] & done )4 ,!re is no long] any declamation1 any emphasis1 any atta*+ ( importance to =m or rhetoric4 ,! f]v\r & ! emotion are !re /ill1 b !y are kept 9 res]ve1 !y are bel[ ! surface1 at ! bottom ( ! he>t1 z ,la ,ro*ef\cauld puts x4 ,h]oism is n[ re/ra9$ by a s5se ( ! prodigi\s l5g? & bread? ( ! conte/1 by ! fact1 at la/ pat5t to ! mo/ un?9k+1 t ! w> is an octopus :i* has w\nd its t5tacles ab\t e limb & e organ ( ! vitality ( ,france4 ,a revelation ( ! ov]:elm+ viol5ce ( enorm\s masses ( m5 has brok5 d[n ! tradition ( *ivalry4 ,w> is n[ accept$ ) a sort ( indiff]5ce1 z a "p ( ! day's "w2 pas de gr&s mots1 pas de gr&s ge/es1 pas de drame6 ,! imp]turbable ,fr5* (fic] ( #aiah atta*es no p>ticul> importance to 8 individual ge/ure4 ,he conc5trates 8 en]gy 9 ano!r k9d ( action4 ,b ! ,fr5* race is by nature bellicose & amor\s ( adv5ture1 & m ?an all o!r nations has a t5d5cy to clo! its patrimonial ard\r ( def5ce 9 beautiful t]ms & gallant attitudes4 ,?is is "o ( ! po9ts on :i* ! ,briti% race1 ) its scrupul\s res]ve1 (t5 almo/ its affectation ( self-depreciat+ %yness1 diff]s mo/ widely f ! ,fr5*1 & is mo/ 9 ne$ ( sympa!tic imag9ation 9 deal+ ) a noble ally ^: me?ods are n necess>ily ! same z ours4 ,x is difficult to fancy a "y ,engli% lieut5ant quot+ ) raptur\s approval1 z ,pi]re de ,rozires & ,h5ri ,lagrange did 9 ,augu/ #aiad1 ! c\nsels :i* 7 giv5 m ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago by ! ,pr9ce de ,ligne3 ,let y\r bra9 swim ) en?usiasm6 ,let hon\r electrify y\r he>t6 ,let ! holy flame ( victory %9e 9 y\r eyes6 z y hoi/ ! glori\s ensigns ( r5[n let y\r s\ls be 9 l measure uplift$6 ,a p]petual delirium or intoxication is ! /ate ( m9d :i* is recomm5d$ by ?is he>t ( fire1 z ! only "o becom+ 9 a ,fr5* (fic] :o has tak5 up arms to def5d 8 c\ntry4 ,= ! "y m5 :o consci\sly adopt$ ! maxims ( ! ,pr9ce de ,ligne z _! guide at ! op5+ ( ?is w>1 ,m4 ,maurice ,b>rs has f\nd ! "n ( ,traditionali/s4 ,!y are ^? :o foll[$ ! tradition ( ! soldi]ly _s ( ,france 9 its ?ree ma9 l9es1 9 its individualism1 9 its intellig5ce1 9 its en?usiasm4 ,!y endeav\r$1 9 ^? fir/ mon?s ( agony & hope1 to model _! conduct on ! =mulas :i* _! ance/ors1 ! great morali/s ( ! pa/1 _h laid d[n = !m4 ,h5ri ,lagrange1 :o fell at ,mont]eau 9 ,octob] #aiae1 at ! age ( tw5ty1 0 a type ( hundr$s ( o!rs4 ,?is is h[ 8 temp] ( m9d1 z a soldi]1 is describ$ by 8 fri5d ,maxime ,bri5ne3-- ,! confid5ce ( ,lagrange 0 no less extraord9>y ?an 0 8 _s ( sacrifice4 ,he possess$ ! sup]human sev]ity :i* comes f be+ :olly consecrat$ to duty4444 ,) a magnific5t comb9ation ( logic & ( viol5ce1 ) a resolution to :i* 8 unusually lucid intellig5ce add$ a sort ( me?odical vehem5ce1 he express$ 8 conviction t resolute sacrifice 0 necess>y if ! result 0 to be a def9ite success4444 ,he decl>$ t a soldi] :o1 by =ce ( m9d & a s5tim5t ( hon\r & patriotism1 0 able to conqu] ! in/9ct ( fe>1 %\ld n m]ely fulfil 8 milit>y duty ) firmness1 b %\ld hurl himself on dea?1 because x 0 only at t price t success c\ld be obta9$ ov] a num]ical majority4 ,?is is a revelation ( t individualism :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! tra9$ ,fr5* "*1 a quality :i*1 ?\gh p>tly obscur$ by ! turn ! great /ruggle has tak51 w und\bt$ly survive & ultimately reappe>4 ,x is d]iv$ f ! admonitions ( a s]ies ( moral tea*]s1 & 9 ! wond]ful lett]s :i* ,m4 ,maurice ,b>rs has br\ght toge!r ) no less tact ?an passion 9 8 s]ies ( volumes issu$ "u ! g5]al title ( ,l',ame ,franaise et la ,gu]re1 we h an opportunity ( /udy+ x 9 a great v>iety ( situations4 ,?is is b a portion1 & x may be b a small portion1 ( ! multi=m en]gy ( ,france1 & x is capable1 ( c\rse1 ( be+ subject$ to criticism4 ,t1 9 fact1 x has _h to endure1 b x is no "p ( my bus9ess "h1 nor1 if ,i may v5ture to say s1 is x ! bus9ess ( any ,engli%man to criticise at any "t1 except 9 pa!tic admiration1 an attitude s beautiful1 & m>k$ 9 its self-sacrifice by s delicate an effusion ( scrupul\s good ta/e4 ,we are 9 pres5ce ( a field ( ^? flutt]+ tricolor flags :i* fill ! eyes ( a w&]] ov] ! battle-c5tres ( ! ,m>ne ) a passion ( te>s4 ,we are 9 pres5ce ( ! memorials ( a *ivalry t did n c\nt ! price1 b di$ joyfully = ,france4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! poet ,lon ,guillot1 9 dy+1 bid 8 comrades describe him to 8 fa!r & "m z tomb au *amp d'honneur et mort joyeusem5t p\r son pays4--,les ,div]ses ,familles ,spirituelles de la ,france1 pp4 #agh1 #agi4 ,!re is n mu* advantage 9 se>*+ = ! g]ms ( all ?is exalt$ s5tim5t e>li] ?an ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! malady ( ! ,fronde 0 s]i\s precisely because x reveal$ ! complete abs5ce1 9 ! nobles1 9 ! cl]gy1 9 ! common p1 ( patriotic conviction ( any k9d4 ,c>d9al's m5 & anti-c>d9ali/s1 ,maz>9 & ,monsieur1 ,cond & ,plessis-,prasl91--we foll[ ! bewild]+ turns ( _! =tune & ! s5seless evolution ( _! m]c5>ies1 )\t be+ able to trace any moral l9e ( conduct1 any e?ical aim on ! "p ( ! "o or ! o!r4 ,x 0 an>*y = ! %e] fun ( an>*y's sake1 a /ruggle :i* p]vad$ ! nation )\t ev] contriv+ to be national1 a riot ( =ces direct$ by no intellectual or e?ical purpose :atev]4 ,! delirium ( x all rea*$ a culm9at+ po9t 9 #afeb :5 ! ari/ocratic bol%evi/s ( ,cond's army r\t$ ! victori\s k+ & c>d9al at ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,anto9e4 ,?is 0 ! consummation ( tragical absurdity2 :at might pass mu/] = political reason _h turn$ inside out2 & :5 ,maz>9 fl$ to ,s$an he left beh9d him a ,france :i* 0 morally1 religi\sly1 intellectually1 a suck$ orange4 ,out ( ! empty welt] ( ! ,fronde !re grew ) surpris+ rapidity ! conception ( a c5tral & unit$ polity ( ,france :i* has gone on advanc+ & develop+1 &1 9 spite ( outrage\s revolution>y e>?quakes1 p]si/+ ev] s9ce4 ,we f9d ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 z a moral tea*]1 ) 8 s>donic smile1 actually escap+ out ( ! s5seless conflict1 & />t+1 ) ! /igmata ( ! scuffle /ill on 8 body1 a surpris+ new !ory t ! ?+s ( ! s\l alone matt]1 & t love ( hon\r is ! fir/ ( ! moral virtues4 ,we see him1 ! cynic & s5sual brawl] ( #afdj1 turn$ )9 a few ye>s into a model ( regul>ity1 ! an>*i/ *ang$ into a s]i\s citiz5 ) a logical s*eme ( conduct1 ! a!i/ical swa%buckl] become ! companion ( sa9ts & pit*+ 8 t5t "u ! %ad[ ( ,port ,royal4 ,m ?an d ! purely religi\s tea*]s1 he m>ks ! rapid cry/allization ( society 9 ,p>is1 & ! op5+ ( a new age ( reflection1 ( poli% & ( philosophical exp]im5t4 ,moral psy*ology1 a sci5ce 9 :i* ,fr5*m5 h ev] s9ce delight$1 seems to beg9 ) ! /]n analysis ( am\r-propre 9 ! ,maximes4 ,x is obvi\s t my *oice ( ?ree moral maxim-writ]s to exemplify ! s\rces ( mod]n ,fr5* s5tim5t mu/ be 9 "s measure an arbitr>y "o4 ,! morali/s ( ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ,france are legion1 & ,i w\ld n h x suppos$ t ,i am n aw>e ( ! relative importance ( "s ( !m4 ,b al?\gh ,la ,ro*ef\cauld & ,la ,bruyre 7 n ! inv5tors ( _! respective me?ods ( writ+1 nor positively isolat$ 9 _! treatm5t ( social !mes1 ,i d n ?9k x is claim+ too mu* = !m to say t 9 ! cr[d ( small] figures !y /& out l>ge1 & ) ea* g5]ation l>g]1 9 any survey ( _! c5tury4 ,9 _! own day1 ,cureau de la ,*ambre1 ,coffeteau & ,s5ault 7 consid]$ ! fir/ ( moral philosoph]s1 b !re mu/ be few :o turn ov] ! pages ( ! ,usages des ,passions n[1 :]eas ! ,c>actres enjoys a p]petual popul>ity4 ,! writ]s :om ,i h j nam$ are dead1 at lea/ ,i presume s1 = ,i mu/ n pr(ess to h done m ?an t\* _! w9d+-%eets 9 ! c\rse ( my private read+4 ,b !re are two morali/s ( ! p]iod :o rema9 alive1 & "o ( :om burns ) an incomp>able vivacity ( life4 ,if ,i am ask$ :y ,pascal & ,nicole h n be5 *os5 among my types1 ,i c only answ] t ,pascal1 unlike my select ?ree1 has be5 /udi$ s abundantly 9 ,engl& t by no?+ %ort ( an exhau/ive monograph c an ,engli% critic n[ hope to add mu* to public appreh5sion ( 8 qualities4 ,! case ( ,nicole is diff]5t4 ,excessively read 9 ,france1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 & active always 9 influ5c+ ! national consci5ce--s9ce ! actual circulation ( ! ,essais de ,morale is said to h f> exce$$ t ( ! ,p5ses ( ,pascal--,nicole has nev]1 9 ! accept$ phrase1 contriv$ to cross ! ,*annel1 & he is sc>cely kn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,books & _! writ]s h ^! fates4 ,mme de ,svign 0 s mu* 9 love ) ! works ( ,nicole1 t %e express$ a wi% to make a s\p ( !m & swall[ x2 b ,i leave h] to ! enjoym5t ( ! da9ty di%4 ,z !ologians1 too1 bo? ,pascal & ,nicole /& some:at outside my circle4 ,! ?ree :om ,i h *os5 /& out among ! o!r morali/s ( ,france by _! adoption ( ! maxim z _! mode ( in/ruction4 ,:5 ,la ,bruyre1 di/ract$ ) misgiv+s ab\t 8 ,c>actres1 _h made up 8 m9d to get an introduction to ,boileau1 & to ask ! advice ( t mighty c5sor1 ,boileau wrote to ,rac9e 7,may #ai1 #afhg71 ,maximilian has be5 out to ,auteuil to see me & has read me p>ts ( 8 ,!ophra/us4 ,nicknames 7 ! ord] ( ! day1 & ! critic call$ 8 new fri5d ,maximilian1 al?\gh 8 real "n 0 ,jean1 because he wrote ,maximes4 ,!re is no o!r c\ntry ?an ,france :]e ! mak] ( maxims has /amp$ a deep & p]man5t impression ^u ! consci5ce & ! moral habits ( ! nation4 ,b ?is has be5 done by ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,la ,bruyre1 ,vauv5>gues1 :om1 did x n s\nd frivol\s1 we might /yle ! ?ree great ,maximilians4 ,! ?ree portraits 7 fir/ exhibit$ z a c\rse ( lectures at ! ,royal ,in/itution 9 ,febru>y ( ?is ye>4 ,!y h be5 revis$ & consid]ably enl>g$4 ,= ! ,engli% ( ! passages translat$ or p>aphras$ ,i am 9 e case responsible4 ,! *apt] on ,! ,gallantry ( ,france appe>$ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review1 & ,i ?ank ! editor & publi%] ( t p]iodical = _! c\rte\s p]mission to include x "h4 ,april #aiah4 ,,la ,,ro*ef\cauld ,"o ( ! mo/ gift$ ( ! "y (fic]s :o gave _! lives = ,france at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,paul ,l9ti]1 9 ! admirable notes :i* he wrote on 8 knee at int]vals dur+ ! battle ( ! ,meuse 9 ,augu/ #aiad1 said-- ,! imp]ative in/9ct = mak+ ! be/ y c ( life1 ! s5tim5t ( duty1 & anxiety = ! good op9ion ( o!rs1 9 a ^w hon\r--^! are ! ma9 educators ( ! soldi] "u fire4 ,?is is n a discov]y1 x is simply a p]sonal /atem5t4 ,tak5 almo/ at r&om f ! records ( ! w>1 ?is utt]ance may s]ve u z well z any o!r to di/+ui% ! attitude ( ! ,fr5*man 9 ! face ( viol5t & critical action f ! equally brave & effective attitude ( o!r races4 ,he has ! habit1 n common else:]e1 ( analyz+ conduct & ( /ripp+ (f f ! contemplation ( x ^? volunt>y illusions :i* drop a curta9 betwe5 x & tru?4 ,! result ( ?is habit ( ru?less criticism is to conc5trate ! ,fr5*man's att5tion1 ev5 to excess1 on ! motives ( conduct1 & to br+ him m & m inevitably to reg>d self-love1 self-pres]vation1 p]sonal vanity 9 its v>i\s =ms1 z ! s\rce ( all our app>5t virtues4 ,ev5 :5 we appe> to be mo/ dis9t]e/$1 ev5 :5 we are mo/ cle>ly actuat$ by unselfi% devotion1 by hon\r1 we are really ! prey1 z ,l9ti] saw x1 ( ! wi% to save our lives & to pres]ve ! good op9ion ( o!rs4 ,und]nea? ! transports ( patriotism1 und]nea? ! s9c]ity ( religi\s f]v\r1 ! ,fr5*man digs d[n & f9ds am\r-propre at ! root ( ev]y?+4 ,?is attitude or habit ( m9d is p>ticul>ly %ock+ to all ^? :o live 9 a /ate ( illusion1 & !re is probably no aspect ( ,fr5* "* :i* is m difficult = ! av]age ,engli%man to appreciate ?an ?is t5d5cy t[>ds sceptical dissection ( ! motives ( conduct4 ,yet x is q c]ta9 t x is widely dissem9at$ among ^? ( our neighb\rs :o are mo/ prompt & effective 9 action1 & ^: vig\r is 9 no degree p>alys$ by ! clairvoyance ) :i* !y seek = exact tru? ev5 9 ! mo/ romantic & illusive spiritual circum/ances4 ,to ?r[ light on ?is aspect ( ,fr5* "*1 ,i propose to call att5tion to a little book1 :i* is probably well-kn[n to my read]s already1 b :i* may be reg>d$ f a po9t ( view1 z ,i v5ture to ?9k1 m in/ructive ?an t :i* is usually *os54 ,9 ! ye> #affe !re appe>$ anonym\sly 9 ,p>is1 9 all ! circum/ances ( well-adv]tis$ secrecy1 a ?9 volume ( ,maximes1 :i* 7 und]/ood to h ex]cis$ = ye>s pa/ ! be/ ?\ghts ( a c]ta9 illu/ri\s nobleman4 ,mme de ,sabl1 :o 0 n =eign to ! facts1 imm$iately wrote a review1 int5d$ = ! ,j\rnal des ,scavants1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* %e said t ! new book 0 a treatise on movem5ts ( ! human he>t :i* may be said to h rema9$ until n[ unrecogniz$4 ,! book1 z e "o kn[s1 0 ! "w ( ! ,duke ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 & ! subject ( x 0 an unmask+ ( ! v]itable condition ( man4 ,x w\ld be idle n to admit t ,la ,ro*ef\cauld has be5 almo/ exclusively reg>d$ z ! *ief expon5t ( egotism among ! great writ]s ( ,europe4 ,he has become--he became dur+ 8 own lifetime-- ! bye-^w = bitt]ness4 ,he is repres5t$ z believ+ t egotism is ! primum mobile ( all human action1 & t man is :olly ! victim ( 8 passions1 :i* lead him :i!r !y w4 ,he d5ies all spirituality & sees a physical cause = ev]y?+ we d4 ,8 own words are quot$ aga9/ him4 ,x is true t he says1 ,all ! passions are no?+ b div]s degrees ( heat or cold 9 ! blood4 ,x is true t he says1 ,all m5 naturally hate "o ano!r1 & aga91 ,our virtues are mo/ly vices 9 disguise4 ,yet aga91 he def9es ! subject ( 8 mordant volume 9 t]ms :i* seem to exclude all b\ntiful !ories conc]n+ ! dis9t]e/$ in/9cts ( ! human s\l1 = he says ,am\r-propre is ! love ( "o's self & ( all ?+s = "o's self2 x turns m5 into _! own idolators1 &1 if =tune gives !m ! opportunity1 makes !m ! tyrants ( o!rs4444 ,x exi/s 9 all /ates ( life & 9 all conditions2 x lives ev]y:]e & x lives on ev]y?+2 x lives on no?+4 ,he does n admit t ,*ri/ianity itself is immune f ! ravages ( ?is ess5tial cank]worm1 :i* adopts all disguises & slips f "o ,protean %ape into ano!r4 ,! ref9em5ts ( self-love surpass ^? ( *emi/ry1 & ! purpose ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld is to resolve all our virtues 9 a crucible & to %[ t no?+ rema9s b a poison\s deposit ( egotism4 ,no wond] t ,la ,ro*ef\cauld has be5 g5]ally reg>d$ z a sc\rge ( ! human race1 a /]ile critic ( mank9d )\t sympa?y or pity4 ,x is true t 8 ob/9ate insi/5ce on ! univ]sality ( egotism produces a depress+ & sometimes a fatigu+ impression on ! read]1 :o is apt to ?9k ( him z ,%akespe>e's ,apemantus1 t few ?+s loves bett] ?an to abhor himself4 ,b :5 ! ,fir/ ,"l goes on to add ,he's opposite to humanity1 we feel t no phrase c\ld less apply to ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,we h1 !re=e1 imm$iately to revise our op9ion ( ?is sev]e dissector ( ! human he>t1 & to endeav\r to f9d out :at lay und]nea? ! bitt]ness ( 8 ,maximes4 ,x is a complete mi/ake to look ^u ,la ,ro*ef\cauld z a mon/]1 or ev5 z a ,timon4 ,)\t insi/+1 at all ev5ts = ! mom5t1 on ! pla9 effect ( 8 c>e] on 8 intellect1 b yet accept+ ! evid5ce t mu* ( 8 bitt]ness 0 ! result ( bad heal?1 s5se ( failure1 %yness1 foil$ ambition1 we h to ask ourselves :at he gave to ,fr5* ?\ght 9 ex*ange = ! illusions :i* he s rudely tore away4 ,9 deal+ ) any savage morali/1 we are oblig$ to turn f ! ab/ract "q3 ,:y did he say ^! ?+s8 to ! reali/ic "o4 ,:at did he hope to effect by :at he said8 ,p]haps we c />t no bett] on ?is inquiry ?an to quote ! ,du*ess ( ,s*omb]g's exclamation :5 %e turn$ ov] ! pages ( ! fir/ edition--namely t ?is book conta9s a va/ numb] ( tru?s :i* ,i %\ld h rema9$ ignorant ( all my life if x _h n taught me to p]ceive !m4 ,?is may be appli$ to ,fr5* en]gy1 & we may beg9 to see :at has be5 ! active value ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's app>5tly negative & repugnant aphorisms4 ,! ,la ,ro*ef\cauld :om we "k belongs to a polite & mod]n age4 ,he is in/9ct ) ! _s ( society1 la bonne compagnie1 z x 0 call$ 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 a cr[d ( ref9$ & well-tra9$ p5s compet$ to make ( ! delicate language ( ,france a vehicle :i* c\ld transf] f bra9 to bra9 ! subtle/ +5uities ( psy*ology4 ,he is a typical specim5 ( ! ,fr5*man ( lett]s at ! mom5t :5 lit]ature _h become ! ally ( political p[] & ! in/rum5t ( social influ5ce4 ,into ?is new _w1 be=e x _h completely develop$1 ! future au?or ( ! ,maximes 0 introduc$ at a v e>ly age4 ,he 0 pres5t$ to ! wits & prcieuses ( ! ,htel ,ramb\illet at ! age ( eighte54 ,x is amus+ to ?9k t he may h se5 ,voiture1 9 ! ,blue ,room1 seize 8 lute & s+ a ,spani% song1 or h volunte]$ z a palad9 9 ! tra9 ( ,hector1 ,k+ ( ,georgia4 ,b ! p$antries & affectations ( ?is wond]ful society seem to h made no imm$iate impression ^u ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ^: e>ly ye>s 7 ^? ( ! "y nobleman devoid ( all app>5t intellectual curiosity4 ,x is true t he says ( himself t directly he came back f ,italy 7?is 0 9 #afbi1 :5 he 0 only sixte571 ,i began to notice ) "s att5tion :atev] ,i saw1 b ?is 01 no d\bt1 ext]nal2 he does n exhibit 9 8 writ+s1 & 9 all probability did n feel1 ! slighte/ int]e/ 9 ! p$antic lit]ature ( ! end ( ,l\is ,,xiii4's reign4 ,he repres5t$1 ?r\gh 8 y\?1 ! purely milit>y & ari/ocratic elem5t 9 ! society ( t age4 ,if he _h di$ :5 he 0 ?irty1 or at ! close ( ! c>e] ( ,ri*elieu1 no?+ w\ld h di/+ui%$ him f ! mob ( viol5t noblem5 :o made ! /reets ( ,p>is a p&emonium4 ,to und]/& ! influ5ce ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld x is ev5 m ne$ful ?an 9 mo/ simil> cases to =m a cle> idea ( 8 "*1 & ?is c only be obta9$ by an outl9e ( 8 rem>kable c>e]4 ,franois ,,vi4 ,duke ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 z a typical ,p>isian1 0 born 9 ! ducal palace 9 ! rue des ,petits-,*amps1 on ,septemb] #ae1 #afac4 ,! family 0 "o ( ! mo/ noble n m]ely 9 ,france b 9 ,europe1 & we d n beg9 to und]/& ! au?or until we realize 8 excessive pride ( bir?4 ,9 a lett] he wrote to ,c>d9al ,maz>9 9 #afdh he says1 ,i am 9 a position to prove t = ?ree hundr$ ye>s ! mon>*s ( ,france h n disda9$ to treat u z memb]s ( _! family4 ,?is arrogance ( race inspir$ ! e>ly "p ( 8 life to ! exclusion1 s f> z we c p]ceive1 ( any o!r /imulus to action4 ,he 0 cont5t to be ! viol5t & fanta/ic swa%buckl] ( ! half-rebelli\s c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,9 late life1 he cry/alliz$ 8 pa/ into a maxim1 ,y\? is a protract$ intoxication2 x is ! fev] ( ! s\l4 ,fight+ & love-mak+1 petty politics & scuffle ^u c\nt]-scuffle--su* 0 ! life ( ! "y ,fr5* nobleman ( :om ,la ,ro*ef\cauld reveals himself & is reveal$ by o!rs z ! type & specim54 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld is ! au?or1 n m]ely ( ! ,maximes1 b ( a second book :i* is mu* less (t5 read4 ,?is is 8 ,mmoires1 a v intellig5t & r solemn contribution to ! fragm5t>y hi/ory ( ,france 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to po9t out t n "o ( ! num]\s memoirs ( ?is p]iod mu/ be tak5 z cov]+ ! :ole field ( :i* !y treat4 ,ea* book is l a piece ( a dissect$ map1 or ( a s]ies ( su* maps cut to a diff]5t scale4 ,all are incomplete & mo/ ( !m ov]lap1 b !y make up1 :5 c>efully collat$1 an invaluable picture ( ! times4 ,no o!r c\ntry ( ,europe produc$ any?+ to comp>e ) ^! au!ntic fragm5ts ( ! social & political hi/ory ( ,france "u ,ri*elieu & ,maz>94 ,^! ,memoirs _h a v rem>kable influ5ce on ! g5]al lit]ature ( ,france4 ,!y turn$ out ( fav\r ! *ronicles ( illu/ri\s lives1 ! pomp\s & false trave/ies ( hi/ory1 :i* ! sixte5? c5tury _h delight$ 91 & 9 ?is way !y s]v$ to prep>e = ! purification ( ,fr5* ta/e4 ,! note ( ! be/ ( !m 0 a happy s9c]ity ev5 9 egotism1 a simplicity ev5 9 describ+ ! mo/ mon/r\s & grotesque ev5ts4 ,among ?is gr\p ( writ]s1 ,c>d9al de ,retz seems to me to be beyond "q ! greate/1 b ,la ,ro*ef\cauld is n to be despis$ 9 8 capacity z ! arrang] ( p]sonal recollections4 ,we mu/ n expect f ^! sev5te5?-c5tury autobiograph]s ! sort ( details :i* we dem& f memoir-writ]s to-day4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 al?\gh he beg9s 9 ! fir/ p]son1 has no?+ :i* he *ooses to tell u ab\t 8 own *ildhood & education4 ,he 0 m>ri$1 at ! age ( fifte51 to a high-born lady1 ,&re de ,vivonne1 b h] he sc>cely m5tions4 ,by ! side ( ^? glitt]+ amatory escapades ( 8 on ! gr& scale1 ) :i* ,europe rang1 he seems to h pursu$ a sob] m>ri$ exi/5ce1 )\t upbraid+s f 8 own consci5ce1 or curta9-lectures f 8 meek du*ess1 :o bore him eight *ildr54 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's ,mmoires op5 abruptly ) ^! words3--,i sp5t ! la/ ye>s ( ! ,c>d9al's adm9i/ration 9 indol5ce1 & !n he beg9s to disc\rse on ! audacities ( ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham 7pleas+ly spell$ ,b\qu9quant7 & 8 attacks on ! he>t ( ! ,que5 ( ,france4 ,we ga!r t al?\gh ! ,engli% envoy c h _h no p]sonal influ5ce on ! future morali/--s9ce ,buck+ham 0 murd]$ at ,portsm\? 9 #afbh1 :ile ,la ,ro*ef\cauld did n come to c\rt till #afcj--yet ! "y ,fr5*man s imm5sely admir$ :at he he>d ( ! ,engli%man1 & s delib]ately set himself to take him z a model1 t our own k ( ,buck+ham may be ( help to u 9 reproduc+ an impression ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 or r ( ! ,pr9ce de ,m>cillac1 z he 0 /yl$ until 8 fa!r di$4 ,aft] describ+ ! c\rt z ! y\? ( sev5te5 _h f\nd x1 he skips five ye>s to tell u h[ ! ,que5 ask$ him to run away ) h] to ,brussels 9 #afcg4 ,hi/ory has n kn[n q :at to make ( ?is amaz+ /ory1 ( :i* ,la ,ro*ef\cauld _h ! complac5cy to write m ?an tw5ty ye>s aft]w>ds-- ,h[ev] difficult & p]il\s ?is adv5ture might seem to me1 ,i may say t nev] 9 all my life h ,i enjoy$ any?+ s mu*4 ,i 0 at an age 7#bd7 at :i* "o loves to d extravagant & />tl+ ?+s1 & ,i felt t no?+ c\ld be m />tl+ or m extravagant ?an to snat* at ! same "t ! ,que5 f ! ,k+ h] husb&1 & f ! ,c>d9al de ,ri*elieu :o 0 jeal\s1 & ,mlle d',haute=t f ! ,k+ :o 0 9 love ) h]4 ,he tells ! /ory ) inimitable gu/o4 ,b he tells x j z an episode1 & he hurries on to ! dea? ( ,ri*elieu 9 #afdb1 z ?\gh he 7 consci\s t up to 8 ?irtie? ye> 8 own life _h n be5 ( mu* consequ5ce4 ,ev5 9 t age ( turbul5t extravagance1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,m>cillac 0 kn[n1 :]e he 0 kn[n at all1 m]ely z a h>e-bra9$ y\? :o c>ri$ ! intol]ance & insol5ce ( amatory y\? pa/ ! conf9es ( absurdity1 & x is amus+ to f9d ,balzac1 :o 0 tw5ty ye>s 8 s5ior1 & :o 0 buri$ 9 ! c\ntry1 describ+ him--surely by repute--z ! type (-- ,^! g5tlem5 :o *att] s mu* ab\t ! empire & ab\t ! sov]eignty ( ladies1 & h _! heads s /uff$ ) tales & /range adv5tures1 t !y gr[ to believe t !y c d all t 0 done "u ! reign ( ,amadis1 & t ! lea/ ( _! duties is to reply to a supplicat+ lady1 ,i1 :o am only a man1 h[ %\ld ,i resi/ ! pray] ( h] to :om ! ,gods !mselves c refuse no?+8 ,we seem f> f ! sombre & mordant au?or ( ! ,maximes1 b a complete appreh5sion ( ! "* ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld requires ! /ory ( 8 adv5tures to be at lea/ briefly indicat$4 ,a *asm divides 8 e>ly f 8 late hi/ory1 & ?is *asm is bridg$ ov] 9 a v %ad[y way by su* records z we possess ( 8 retirem5t aft] ! ,fronde4 ,betwe5 ! dea? ( ,ri*elieu & ?is retirem5t !re lies a p]iod ( t5 ye>s1 dur+ :i* ! future au?or ( ! ,maximes is swall[$ up 9 ! hurly-burly ( ! wor/ mom5t 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ,france4 ,x is difficult f any po9t ( view to =m :at x w\ld be m]e wa/e ( "t = u to attempt 9 ?is connection1 a cle> conception ( ! *aos into :i* t c\ntry 0 plung$ by ! weakness ( ,anne ( ,au/ria & ! crim9ality ( ,maz>94 ,! s5seless intrigues ( ! ,fronde affect ! bewild]$ /ud5t ( ^? times z ?\gh ?is frame ,( ,heav'n 7 fall+ & ^! elem5ts ,9 mut9y _h f h] axle torn ,! /eadfa/ e>?4 ,at fir/ ,la ,ro*ef\cauld seems to h meant to support ! cause ( ! c\rt1 expect+ to be rew>d$ = :at he _h done1 or be5 prep>$ to d = ! ,que54 ,he says 9 8 ,mmoires t aft] ! dea? ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 ! ,que5-,"m gave me _m m>ks ( fri5d%ip & confid5ce2 %e assur$ me sev]al times t h] hon\r 0 involv$ 9 my be+ pleas$ ) h]1 & t no?+ 9 ! k+dom 0 l>ge en\gh to rew>d me = :at ,i _h done 9 h] s]vice4 ,t s\nds v well1 b :at x really illu/rates is ! extraord9>y viol5ce ( ari/ocratic frivolity1 ! fi]ce levity & insatiable fr5zi$ vanity ( ! noble families4 ,! aims ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 9 support ( :i* he 0 ready to sacrifice 8 c\ntry1 7 ( a class t mu/ seem to u n[ petty 9 ! extreme4 ,he want$ ! tab\ret1 ! foot/ool1 = 8 du*ess1 9 o!r words ! "r to be seat$ 9 pres5ce ( ! memb]s ( ! royal family4 ,he want$ ! privilege ( driv+ into ! c\rty>d ( ! ,l\vre )\t hav+ to desc5d f 8 coa* outside & walk 94 ,he dem&$ ^! hon\rs because !y 7 already possess$ by ! families ( ,rohan & ( ,b\illon4 ,x is extraord9>y to consid] :at p[]ful effects su* trump]y causes c\ld h1 b x is a fact t ! desolat+ & cruel w>s ( ! ,fronde l>gely dep5d$ ^u jeal\sies ( ! c>rosse & ! tab\ret4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's support ( ! rebellion frankly & op5ly 0 bas$ ^u x4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld br+s ! fir/ "p ( 8 ,mmoires d[n to #afdi4 ,9 ! second "p he beg9s aga9 ) #afdb1 be+ v anxi\s to %[1 to 8 own advantage ( c\rse1 :at ! conditions 7 at c\rt aft] ! dea?s ( ,ri*elieu & ,l\is ,,xiii41 & 9 p>ticul> to def9e ! position ( ,mme de ,*evreuse1 ! great intrigu] & s$uctress ( ! ,fr5* politics ( ! age4 ,! *>m ( ?is lady1 :o 0 no long] "y1 fad$ be=e t ( ! ,du*ess ( ,longueville1 "o ( ! mo/ ambiti\s & mo/ unscrupul\s wom5 :o ev] liv$4 ,%e 0 ! si/] ( ! ,pr9ce de ,conti1 & f ! "t :5 h] celebrat$ relations ) ,la ,ro*ef\cauld began1 h] influ5ce engag$ him 9 all ! unplumb$ *aos :i* l$ to civil w>4 ,:5 ?is f9ally broke out1 h[ev]1 9 #afdh1 ! ,duke is f\nd once m on ! side ( ! "y k+ & 8 gov]nm5t1 t is to say1 ( ,c>d9al ,maz>94 ,?r\gh ! univ]sal hubbub wide ( /unn+ s\nds & noises all confus$1 we c cat* ) difficulty ! acc5ts ( lit]ature1 at fir/ inde$ vocal 9 ! mid/ ( ! riot1 & ev5 /imulat$ by x1 z birds are by a heavy %[] ( ra91 b soon /unn$ & sil5c$ by horrors incompatible ) ! lab\r ( ! ,muses4 ,! w>s ( ! ,fronde made a %>p cut betwe5 ! h]oic age ( imag9ative lit]ature & ! classical age :i* pres5tly succe$$ x1 & (f] 9 ?is respect a tol]able p>allel to ! civil w>s rag+ 9 ,engl& ab\t ! same "t4 ,x is speci\s1 b conv5i5t1 to discov] a date at :i* a *ange ( ?is k9d may be said to occur4 ,9 ,engl& we h su* a date m>k$ l>ge = u 9 #affj2 ,fr5* lett]s less obvi\sly b m c]ta9ly c be said to />t afre% 9 #afeb4 ,x is tol]ably c]ta9 t 9 t ye> ,pascal1 ,retz & ! subject ( our inquiry simultane\sly & indep5d5tly began to write4 ,up to t "t !re is no reason to believe t ,la ,ro*ef\cauld _h giv5 himself at all to /udy1 & we possess no evid5ce t up to ! age ( =ty he 0 m int]e/$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! lit]ature ( 8 c\ntry ?an 0 ! idle/ ( ! cut-?roat nobility :o swagg]$ 9 & out ( ! c\rty>d ( ! ,l\vre4 ,8 ,mmoires end ) an acc\nt ( ! w> 9 ,gui5ne 9 #afea :i* is m solemn & m deta*$ ?an all ! re/4 ,no "o w\ld suspect t ! hi/orian1 :o affects ! gravity ( a ,tacitus1 0 act+ all ?r\gh ! ev5ts he describes ) ! levity ( a full-blood$ & unscrupul\s s*oolboy4 ,! mo/ amaz+ in/ance ( ?is is 8 grotesque attempt to h ,c>d9al de ,retz murd]$ at ! ,palais de ,ju/ice4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a sort ( romp+ fray he caught ,retz's head betwe5 ! flaps ( a fold+ door1 & %\t$ to ,coligny to come & /ab him f beh9d4 ,b he himself 0 %ov$ away1 & ! ,c>d9al releas$4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld admits ! escapade1 )\t any sign ( emb>rassm5t1 m]ely obs]v+ t ,retz w\ld h done z mu* by him if he _h only _h ! *ance4 ,b n[ comes ! incid5t :i*1 bett] ?an any?+ else c\ld1 illu/rates ! fev]i% & incongru\s atmosph]e ( ! ,fronde1 & ! difficulty ( foll[+ ! caprices ( its lead+ figures4 ,! v next day aft] ?is attempt to assass9ate ,retz 9 a peculi>ly disgraceful way1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld met ! ,c>d9al driv+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,p>is 9 8 coa*4 ,kneel+ 9 ! /reet1 he dem&$ & receiv$ ! episcopal b5$iction ( ! man :om he _h tri$ to murd] 9 an undignifi$ scuffle a few h\rs be=e4 ,no animosity seems to h p]si/$ betwe5 ^! two pr9ces ( ! realm ( ,france1 & ?is may be ! mom5t to introduce ! picture :i* ,c>d9al de ,retz1 ^: head 0 held 9 ! fold+ door1 pa9t$ v soon aft] ( ! volatile duke :o _h held him !re to be /abb$ f beh9d4 ,bo? writ]s began _! memoirs 9 #afeb1 & no "o has ev] decid$ :i* is ! m elegant ( ! two unique conpositions4 ,! conjunction betwe5 two ( ! greate/ prose-writ]s ( ,france is piquant1 & we _c trace 9 ,retz's sket* ( 8 antagoni/ ! smalle/ sign ( res5tm5t4 ,x 0 n publi%$ until #agag1 b x has all ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 writt5 sixty ye>s e>li]1 at lea/1 :5 ,mademoiselle 0 seiz$ ) ! =tunate inspiration ( hav+ portraits writt5 (1 & (t5 by1 ! celebrat$ p]sonages ( ! day4 ,?is1 !n1 is h[ ,retz saw ,la ,ro*ef\cauld-- ,!re has always be5 a c]ta9 je ne sais quoi 9 ,m4 de ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,he has always ev] s9ce 8 *ildhood want$ to be tak+ "p 9 "s plot1 & t at a "t :5 he 0 indiff]5t to small int]e/s1 :i* h nev] be5 8 weakness1 & :5 he _h no exp]i5ce ( great ones1 :i*1 9 ano!r s5se1 h nev] be5 8 /rong po9t4 ,he has nev] _h any skill 9 conduct+ bus9ess1 & ,i don't "k :y2 = he possess$ qualities :i* 9 any o!r man w\ld h made up = ^? :i* he lack$4 ,he 0 n longsight$ en\gh1 & he did n see z a :ole ev5 :at 0 )9 8 range ( vision4 ,b 8 good s5se--:i* 9 ! field ( speculation 0 v good--jo9$ to 8 g5tl5ess1 8 ins9uat+ *>m1 & 8 admirable ease ( mann]1 ought to h comp5sat$1 m ?an !y h done1 = 8 defect ( p5etration4 ,he has always suff]$ f an habitual irresolut5ess2 b ,i d n "k to :at ?is irresolut5ess %\ld be attribut$4 ,he has nev] be5 a w>rior1 ?\gh v mu* a soldi]4 ,he has nev]1 ?r\gh 8 own ef=t1 succe$$ 9 be+ a good c\rti]1 ?\gh he has always int5d$ to be "o4 ,t air ( ba%fulness & ( %yness :i* y obs]ve 9 him 9 social life has giv5 him 9 matt]s ( bus9ess an apologetic air4 ,he has always fanci$ t he ne$$ to apologize2 & ?is--9 conjunction ) 8 ',maximes1' :i* d n err on ! side ( too mu* fai? 9 virtue1 & ) 8 practice1 :i* has always be5 to w9d up bus9ess z impati5tly z he />t$ x--makes me conclude t he w\ld h done mu* bett] to "k himself1 & to be cont5t to pass1 z he might well h pass$1 = ! mo/ poli%$ c\rti] & ! f9e/ g5tleman1 9 private life1 :i* ?is age has produc$4 ,we are n[ beg9n+ to see ! real au?or ( ! ,maximes1 :51 at ! age ( =ty1 he beg9s to peep =? f ! trave/y ( 8 ari/ocratic viol5ce & idl5ess4 ,:e!r ! trans=mation w\ld h be5 gradual in/ead ( sudd5 is :at c nev] be decid$1 b we date x f ,july #b1 #afeb1 :5 he 0 dang]\sly w\nd$ 9 a riot 9 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,anto9e1 at ! ,picpus b>ricade1 :]e he 0 %ot 9 ! =ehead &1 z x at fir/ appe>$1 bl9d$ = life4 ,accord+ to ! fai?ful ,g\rville1 :5 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld ?\ght he w\ld lose 8 eyesight1 he _h a picture ( ,madame de ,longueville engrav$ ) two l9es "u x f a fa%ionable trag$y1 ! ,alcyone ( ,dury]-- ,t ,i might hold h] he>t & please h] lovely eyes ,i made my w> on k+s & w\ld h f\ght ! skies4 ,) ?is piece ( rodomontade ! old ,ro*ef\cauld ceases & makes place = ! au?or ( ! ,maximes4 ,:5 he recov]$ f 8 w\nd1 8 _s ( adv5ture 0 brok54 ,he submitt$ to ! c>d9al1 he )drew f ,cond1 & 9 #afec1 /ill 8 head b\nd ) b&ages & we>+ black spectacles to hide ^? cle> & s$uctive eyes :i* ,petitot _h pa9t$1 he crept1 a brok5 man1 to 8 c\ntry h\se at ,v]teuil1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,ruffec1 n[ 9 ! ,*>5te4 ,?is *ateau1 built j two hundr$ ye>s be=e t date1 /ill exi/s1 a noble relic ( feudal ,france1 & a place ( pilgrimage = lov]s ( ! au?or ( ! ,maximes4 ,no "o 0 ev] m sudd5ly & m completely cur$ ( a :ole sy/em ( exi/5ce ?an 0 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld by ! w\nd :i* 0 s ne>ly fatal4 ,he said1 ,x is impossible = any man :o has escap$ f civil w> to plunge into x aga94 ,= him1 at all ev5ts1 x 0 impossible4 ,8 only wi% 9 #afec 0 to bury himself & 8 sl[ convalesc5ce among 8 woods at ,v]teuil4 ,9 ?is en=c$ seclusion1 at ! age ( =ty1 he turn$ = solace to lit]ature1 :i* he w\ld seem to h neglect$ hi!rto4 ,we "k no?+ ( 8 education1 :i* _h probably be5 z primitive z t ( any pleasure-seek+ & imp]i\s "y nobleman ( ! "t4 ,he w5t to ! w>s :5 he 0 ?irte54 ,9 an undat$ lett] he says t he s5ds "s ,lat9 v]ses compos$ by a fri5d = ! judgm5t ( 8 unnam$ correspond5t1 b he adds1 ,i d n "k en\gh ,lat9 to d>e to give an op9ion4 ,m4 ,h5ri ,regni]1 9 8 invaluable ,lexique de la langue de ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 7#ahhc7 po9ts out t ! ,duke's evid5t lack ( classical k is a positive advantage to him1 z x ?r[s him entirely on ! res\rces ( pure ,fr5*4 ,9 l mann] we may rejoice t ,%akespe>e _h little ,lat9 & less ,greek4 ,x is tantaliz+ = u t we "k almo/ no?+ ( ! ye>s1 f #afec to #afef1 :i* ,la ,ro*ef\cauld sp5t 9 sev]e retirem5t at ,v]teuil4 ,:at 0 happ5+ to ,france 0 happ5+1 no d\bt1 9 its degree to him2 he 0 *ew+ ! cud ( remorse = ! follies & crimes ( ! ,fronde4 ,only great m5 %\ld h great fail+s1 ! exile wrote1 & we may be sure t he _h by ?is "t discov]$1 l ! re/ ( ! _w1 t z a swa%buckl] & intrigu] he 0 noisy & petulant1 b on ! :ole any?+ b great4 ,! ,fronde left beh9d x a s5se ( littl5ess1 ( pov]ty-/rick5 humanity1 & ?is p>ticul> frondeur _h se5 ! mask drop f ! features ( 8 fell[-m54 ,n[1 9 ! quiet ( ! c\ntry1 9 disgrace ) =tune & 8 own consci5ce1 he grasp$ a new & ?is "t a dignifi$ & suitable ambition4 ,he began to /udy reality & le>n$ to di/+ui% tru? f pret5ce4 ,?is /udy 0 to make him "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( ,fr5* au?ors & a great p[] 9 ! purification ( ,fr5* intellig5ce4 ,he began1 d\btless1 8 c>e] z an au?or by compos+ ! ,mmoires1 9 :i* he embodi$ 8 exasp]ations & 8 recrim9ations 9 language ( /udi$ dignity4 ,!re is little "h :i* betrays ! future morali/1 except ! simplicity & almo/ col\rless transp>5cy ( ! /yle4 ,z conta9+ ne>ly ! sole c]ta9 evid5ce ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's /ate ( m9d at ! "t ( transition1 x is well1 p]haps1 to speak at ?is mom5t ( 8 lett]s1 :i* 7 fir/ br\ght toge!r 9 #ahha4 ,!y ext5d f #afcg to #afgg1 & ! biograph] pores ov] !m 9 ! hope ( extract+ f !m "s crumbs ( in=mation4 ,b to ! g5]al read] !y _c be recomm5d$4 ,!y are seldom confid5tial1 ! writ] nev] lets himself g4 ,ev5 to 8 lat] fri5ds1 su* z ,mme de ,sabl1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld is r>ely famili>1 & ! impression ( himself 9 ^! graceful & sometimes vigor\s epi/les is illusive2 ! writ] seems = ev] on 8 gu>d4 ,! great mass ( ?is correspond5ce1 9 :i* politics takes no "p aft] #afec1 is s+ul>ly lit]>y2 x is ma9ly occupi$ ) ! int]e/s1 & almo/ ) ! j>gon1 ( ! pr(essional au?or4 ,we are told t 8 affectation 9 society 0 to appe> cold & unmov$1 & ?is he c]ta9ly contriv$ to d 9 ^? ( 8 lett]s :i* h be5 pres]v$4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld told ,mme de ,sabl t he dep5d$ on h] = 8 k ( ! inmo/ w9d+s ( ! human he>t4 ,:5 he return$ to ,p>is1 ?is lady 0 approa*+ ! age ( sixty4 ,h] salon compet$ ) t ( ! ,htel de ,ramb\illet & t ( ,mlle de ,montp5si] at ! ,luxemb\rg4 ,! ,m>quise de ,sabl _h be5 gay 9 h] y\?1 b :5 h] "y lov]1 ,arm5tires1 0 kill$ 9 a duel1 %e turn$ dev\t4 ,%e also turn$ hypo*ondriacal & lit]>y4 ,accord+ to ,tallemont des ,raux1 :o has left a portrait ( h] :i* is equally ill-natur$ & ent]ta9+1 %e built h]self a h\se adjo9+ ! *oir ( ! *ur* ( ,port ,royal1 9 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,jacques4 ,h] fri5d1 ! ,abb d',ailly1 :o edit$ h] works aft] h] dea? 9 #afgh1 admits t %e 0 "o ( ! greate/ vision>ies 9 ! _w on ! *apt] ( dea?4 ,%e h]self express$ h] hypo*ondria o!rwise3 ,i fe> dea? m ?an o!r p d1 because no "o has ev] =m$ s cle> a conception ( no?+ness z ,i h4 ,ludicr\s /ories 7 told ( h] excessive fe> ( illness1 & 9 h] fits ( al>m %e f\nd com=t f ! m9i/rations ( ,anto9e ,s+l91 :o 0 ! director ( ,pascal's consci5ce4#b ,%e became intimate ) ,arnauld d',&illy1 & ) ! re/ ( ^? ,jans5i/ au?ors ( :om ,rac9e said t _! works 7 ! admiration ( s*ol>s & ! consolation ( all pi\s p]sons4 ,b %e seems to h _h ! clev]ness to obs]ve t 9 "o respect ! lit]ature ( ,port ,royal1 z x express$ itself be=e ,les ,prov9ciales1 _h ! fault ( be+ v]bose & r$undant4 ,mme4 de ,sabl des]ves m m]it ?an seems to h be5 giv5 to h] = h] f]v5t cultivation ( precise language4 ,footnote #b3 ,x 0 ( ,s+l9 t ,pascal wrote 9 #afed1 ,s\mission total ,j4,c4 et mon directeur4 ,z ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's correspond5ce ?r[s little light on ! "* & p]son ( its au?or at ! "t ( 8 intellectual & moral conv]sion1 we turn ) satisfaction to a docum5t :i* owes its exi/5ce to a social amusem5t1 almo/ to a p>l\r game4 ,we h se5 t ,la ,gr&e ,mademoiselle1 anxi\s to amuse ! fri5ds :om %e ga!r$ r\nd h] 9 h] salon at ! ,luxemb\rg1 hit ^u ! notion ( induc+ h] gue/s to produce writt5 portraits ( !mselves4 ,y might say all ! good ( y\rself y lik$1 on ! und]/&+ t y put 9 ! %ades z well4 ,! collection ( ^! self-portraits 0 actually pr9t$ 9 #afei1 & is a "w ( great value & int]e/ to biograph] & hi/orian4 ,x m>ks a new movem5t ( ,fr5* intellig5ce1 a critical excursion into psy*ology n hi!rto attempt$ 9 ,france1 & "s ( ! portraits are m>vell\sly delicate 9 _! consci5ti\s precision4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we are n conc]n$ ) m ?an "o ( !m1 t :i* is sign$ ) ! initials ( ! ,duke ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,x is 8 only important composition produc$ betwe5 ! ,mmoires & ! ,maximes1 & x is *>m+ly writt51 a portrait drawn 9 tones ( rose-col\r & dove-grey1 l ! pa/el-portraits ( a c5tury lat]4 ,he beg9s by describ+ 8 physical appe>ance1 b passes soon to ! moral & social qualities4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to quote ! :ole ( ?is portrait1 b we mu/ conf9e ourselves to "s brief quotations4 ,h[ f> we seem f ! bea/s ( prey :i* rang$ ! =e/s ( ! ,fronde1 or tore "o ano!r to pieces 9 ! /reets ( ,p>is1 :5 we foll[ ?is ref9$ attempt to pres5t ! "* ( a mod]n & a complicat$ man3-- ,!re is some?+1 says ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 at once peevi% & pr\d 9 my appe>ance4 ,?is makes mo/ p ?9k t ,i am contemptu\s1 b ,i am n s at all4 ,s f> z my hum\r goes1 ,i am melan*oly1 & ,i am s to su* an ext5t t1 9 ! la/ ?ree or f\r ye>s1 ,i h sc>cely be5 se5 to laugh ?ree or f\r times4 ,x seems to me nev]!less t my melan*oly w\ld be supportable & mild en\gh if x dep5d$ solely on my temp]am5t1 b x comes s mu* f outside causes1 & :at s comes fills my imag9ation to su* a degree1 & occupies my ?\ghts s exclusively1 t mo/ ( ! "t ,i move z 9 a dream1 & sc>ce li/5 to :at ,i myself am say+4 ,"h we h ! disappo9t$ c\rti] /ill brood+ ov] 8 disgrace1 b we pass to an acc\nt ( ! relief :i* ! new-born man ( lett]s f9d 9 ! cultivation ( ! intellect alone-- ,i am fond ( g5]al read+1 b t 9 :i* ,i f9d some?+ to fa%ion ! m9d & to =tify ! s\l is :at ,i l be/4 ,above all x gives me an extreme satisfaction to read 9 company ) an intellig5t p]son1 = 9 ?is way "o is kept con/antly reflect+ on :at "o reads1 & ! reflections ?us ex*ang$ =m a species ( conv]sation ?an :i* no o!r 9 ! _w is s agreeable or s useful4 ,i give a s\nd op9ion ab\t works 9 v]se & prose :i* are submitt$ to me1 b p]haps ,i all[ myself too mu* fre$om 9 express+ t op9ion4 ,ano!r fault ( m9e is t ,i am sometimes too scrupul\sly delicate & too sev]ely critical4 ,i d n dislike to li/5 to argum5t1 & sometimes ,i am glad to take my %>e 9 ! discussion1 b ,i usually support my op9ion ) too mu* heat1 & :5 any "o pleads an unju/ cause 9 my pres5ce1 sometimes1 9 my zeal = logic1 ,i myself become exce$+ly illogical4 ,my s5tim5ts are virtu\s1 my incl9ations are hone/1 & ,i am s int5sely anxi\s to act 9 all ?+s z a g5tleman %\ld1 t my fri5ds _c d me a great] fav\r ?an to w>n me s9c]ely ( my faults4 ,^? :o "k me r intimately1 & :o h be5 s k9d z to give me _! c\nsels 9 ?is direction1 are aw>e t ,i h ev] receiv$ !m ) all imag9able joy & ) all ! submission ( m9d :i* !y c\ld possibly desire4 ,all ?is1 & :at rema9s1 %[ t 9 ! "* ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld action _h abruptly rec$$ 9 fav\r ( analysis1 & ! brutality ( civil w> 9 ! woods _h giv5 place to ! ref9em5t ( endless conv]sation by ! fireside corn]4 ,! old swa%buckl] turn$ f ! illusions ( ! camp to ! mo/ exquisite ( peaceful associations1 & he reg>d$ wom5 f a totally new po9t ( view4 ,x 0 ! age ( ! salons1 & ,la ,ro*ef\cauld tells u :y x 0 t he became _! s$ul\s associate4 ,he says1 ,:5 wom5 are intellig5t1 ,i l _! conv]sation bett] ?an t ( m54 ,!re is a c]ta9 suavity 9 _! talk :i* is lack+ 9 t ( our sex1 & x seems1 9 addition1 t !y expla9 !mselves ) m precision1 & give a m agreeable turn to :at !y say4 ,9 o!r words1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld _h1 by #afeh1 become a complete1 & inde$ ! mo/ compet5t & highly f9i%$ example ( ! new social intellig5ce :i* 0 to be f\nd 9 ,france4 ,we mu/ dwell = "o rapid mom5t on :at t new _s 04 ,! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ,france1 lib]at$ f ! weight ( int]nec9e w>s & political tyrannies1 _h n[ ?r[n itself ) ard\r into ! civiliz$ arts1 & _h1 9 p>ticul>1 develop$ a love ( moral disquisition4 ,all ! talk :i* pres5tly became fa%ionable ab\t virtue & ! high] life 0 a reaction aga9/ ! horrors ( ! ,fronde4 ,! advance ( social ref9em5t 0 v rapid1 &1 especially 9 ,p>is1 !re 0 a det]m9$ & intellig5t movem5t 9 ! direction ( ! amelioration ( mann]s & a /udi$ elegance ( life4 ,m4 ,rbelliau has po9t$ out t x 0 precisely at ?is mom5t t a great numb] ( new words1 & among !m dlicate1 di/+u]1 morali/e1 mnagem5ts1 f9esse & _m o!rs1 7 accept$ z "p ( ! ,fr5* language4 ,^! s]v$ imm$iately to enri* ! vocabul>y ( ! m5 & wom5 :o 7 anxi\s to pu% fur!r & deep] _! inve/igations into psy*ological analysis4 ,) ?is social t5d5cy to dissect ! human he>t & to seize its mo/ secret movem5ts1 0 comb9$ ! religi\s &1 z we may put x1 prote/ant fa%ion ( ! h\r1 9 ! _s ( ,port ,royal4 ,to be a morali/ 0 almo/ 9 itself to be a ,jans5i/1 & we see ! au?or ( ! ,maximes pres5tly claim+ to be1 aft] a fa%ion1 evangelical4 ,!re is s little said ab\t !ology1 9 ! direct s5se1 9 ! writ+s ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 t 8 v>i\s ,fr5* critics h giv5 p]haps too little ?\ght to 8 religi\s t5d5cies4 ,!y h treat$ him z ?\gh he 7 ! enemy ( a pi\s life4 ,b if we exam9e t cont5tion f ! /&po9t provid$ = u by our own ,puritan habit ( ?\ght1 we mu/ recognize t !re 0 some?+ positively pi\s ab\t ! bitt] philosoph] ( ! ,maximes4 ,he 0 try+1 let u nev] =get1 to discov] a sci5tific =m ( morals1 & h>dly en\gh att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! prom95ce :i* he gave to a se>*+ analysis ( consci5ce4 ,he f\nd little to help him 9 ! c\rt religion ( ! age1 b he 0 imm5sely impress$ ) ! ,jans5i/ conception ( ! frailty & wor?lessness ( ! natural man4 ,h5ce1 8 p]si/5cy 9 cultivat+ almo/ exclusively ! society ( ^? m5 & wom5 ( ,port ,royal ) :om we might suppose t he _h v little 9 common4 ,b1 q rec5tly1 a discov]y has be5 made1 :i* is n only ( special int]e/ to u z ,engli%m51 b :i* ?r[s a fur!r light on ! evangelical or puritan t5d5cy ( ! au?or ( ! ,maximes4 ,a c>eful s*ol>1 ,m4 ,erne/ ,j\y1 0 l$ by a passage 9 a sev5te5?-c5tury ,,ms4 to make inve/igations :i* seem to h prov$ t ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 0 acqua9t$ ) an ,engli% book ( edification & ev5 t he deign$ to make use ( x 9 ! fa%ion+ ( 8 fam\s ,maximes4 ,?is 0 ,! ,my/]y ( ,self-,deceiv+1 publi%$ 9 #afae by a semi-noncon=mi/ ,puritan div9e1 ,daniel ,dyke1 m9i/] ( ,cogge%all 9 ,essex1 & translat$ obscurely into ,fr5* by a c]ta9 ,v]nulius4 ,( ! orig9al "w ,full] wrote1 ,x is a book :i* w be own$ = a tru? :ile m5 h any badness 9 !m1 & w be own$ z a treasure :il/ !y h any goodness 9 !m4 ,x is1 c]ta9ly1 an amaz+ ?+ to f9d t ?is clumsy old treatise ( ,engli% div9ity 0 app>5tly possess$ z a treasure by ! mo/ elegant & ! mo/ sceptical ( ,fr5*m54 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld may be conceiv$ z say+ to ! practical div9es ( ,port ,royal1 ,y\r "w is confus$ & ?w>t$ by ! va/ preval5ce ( rubbi% "u :i* morals are conceal$4 ,i w help y to =ce ! p :o talk s glibly ( humanity & pity1 ( rectitude & amiability1 to dissect ! real bodies ( egotism to :i* !y give ^? names4 ,i put ,man 9 ! pillory ( self-judgm5t2 x is = y to deal evangelically ) :at rema9s ( 8 temp]am5t :5 he comes d[n out ( ! ordeal4 ,to d ?is1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld prep>$1 ) inf9ite pati5ce & ) ! consci5ti\sness ( a great lit]>y arti/1 8 %eaf ( ,maxim-arr[s1 ready to %oot !m1 "o by "o1 into ! gross he>t ( am\r-propre4 ,:at1 !n1 7 ! reflexions :i*1 n[ settl$ 9 ,p>is1 & secure f ! r\gh _w 9 ! recesses ( ,mme de ,sabl's salon1 ! ,duke began to fa%ion & to poli%8 ,a maxim is a =mula1 :i* compreh5ds ! :ole tru? on a p>ticul> subject4 ,col]idge says1 9 8 ,table ,talk1 t a maxim is a conclusion ^u obs]vation ( matt]s ( fact2 we may add t x is f9al1 x goes z f> z x c possibly g1 & conta9s ! maximum ( tru? 9 ! m9imum ( v]biage4 ,if we take "s ( ! mo/ cynical & savage maxims ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld we may see t concis5ess c\ld proce$ no fur!r3 = in/ance1 ,virtue is a r\ge t wom5 add to _! beauty2 or ,pride kn[s no law & self-love no debt2 or ,! pleasure ( love is lov+4 ,! +5uity ( man has n devis$ a mode ( say+ ^? p>ticul> ?+s z exactly 9 few] words4 ,!y rea* ! maximum ( concis5ess1 & are !re=e call$ maxims4 ,x is v unusual 9 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature to be able to po9t to a man ( g5ius z ! positive f\nd] ( a class ( "w4 ,:5 we look closely into ! matt]1 we are sure to f9d t !re 0 an obscure pr$ecessor1 a tor*-be>] :o light$ up ! pa?4 ,ev5 ,%akespe>e has ,m>l[e 9 front ( him1 & 9 front ( ,m>l[e are ,gre5e & ,peele4 ,sev]al poets 7 inspir$ by ! /ory ( ! fall ( ! rebel angels be=e ,milton took up ,p>adise ,lo/ & seiz$ t prov9ce z 8 own by conque/4 ,9 l mann]1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld seems to u 9 a g5]al view1 & seem$ inde$ to 8 own ,p>isian contempor>ies1 to h inv5t$ a new art 9 ! production ( 8 ,maximes4 ,b1 9 tru?1 he 0 n ! pione]1 & he seems to h sp5t mon?s1 & ev5 ye>s1 9 a sort ( appr5tice%ip to two au?ors :o h n surviv$ 9 ,fr5* lit]ature z he has4 ,s f> z we c make out1 ! real creator ( ! maxim 9 ,fr5* 0 ,jacques ,esprit 7#afaa-afgh71 ! ,abb ,esprit z he 0 call$1 al?\gh he 0 nev] a prie/1 & _h a legitimate wife & family4 ,he 0 a "y man f ,bzi]s 9 ,prov5ce1 :o came to ,p>is "u ! protection ( ,*ancellor ,sgui]1 soon became a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 & enjoy$ a /eady social & lit]>y success4 ,!re seems little d\bt t ,esprit 0 kn[n e>ly to ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 = he 0 famili> 9 ! family ( ! ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,longueville1 & lat] ! gov]nor ( _! *ildr54 ,he enjoy$ ! confid5ce ( ! salons f an e>ly date4 ,!re is "s reason to suppose t ,esprit _h begun to write maxims be=e ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's return f exile1 & c]ta9ly be=e ,mme de ,sabl's retreat to ,port ,royal 9 #afei4 ,x is v noticeable 9 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's lett]s to ,esprit--mo/ ( :i* belong to ! ye> #affj--t he treats ! academician--:o 0 ( plebeian bir? & n _m mon?s old] ?an himself--) extreme def]5ce4 ,! ,duke adopts ! /yle ( a pupil to a ma/]1 & he submits 8 sket*es or exp]im5ts 9 maxim-mak+ to ,esprit = a sev]e criticism1 :i* he accepts1 & = advice1 :i* he adopts4 ,! probability seems to be t ,esprit introduc$ ! fa%ion = writ+ maxims to ,mme de ,sabl1 :o 0 fasc9at$ by x1 recomm5d$ x to ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 & !n po9t$ ,esprit out z ! ackn[l$g$ ma/] ( ! art1 :o c\ld give invaluable te*nical advice4 ,!re 0 a sort ( collaboration4 ,we f9d ,la ,ro*ef\cauld writ+ to ,esprit1 ,i %all be mu* oblig$ if y w %[ our la/ s5t5ces to ,mme de ,sabl2 x may p]haps induce h] to write "s ( h] own4 ,& to ! lady he writes1 ,"h are all my maxims :i* y h n yet se51 b z no?+ is done = no?+1 ,i beg y to s5d me 9 return ! receipt = ! c>rot s\p :i* we _h :5 ,comm&] de ,s\vr d9$ at y\r h\se1 ,! ?ree maximi/s consult$ "o ano!r1 poli%$ up "o ano!r's s5t5ces1 & sugge/$ subjects :i* 7 fir/ discuss$ r\nd ! d9n]-table or 9 ! summ] p>l\r & !n work$ up1 sometimes by all ?ree conjo9tly1 to ! highe/ pit* ( p]fection4 ,x 0 probably ,esprit by :om _m ( ! orig9al sugge/ions 7 />t$1 inde$ x is he :o seems to h fir/ laid d[n ! =mula t ! m9d is ! s]vant & ev5 ! dupe ( ! in/9cts1 :i* bo? ,pascal & ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 7 pres5tly to exp& 9 su* brilliant =ms4 ,b x is q an error to presume1 z "s writ]s h done1 t !re 0 a k9d ( factory = maxims1 out ( :i* s5t5ces 7 turn$ :i* really belong$ to no "o 9 p>ticul>4 ,! ,maximes ( ,mme de ,sabl & ^? ( ! ,abb ,esprit--! latt] conta9$ 9 a ,jans5i/ volume call$ ,! ,falsity ( ,human ,virtues--7 publi%$ indep5d5tly1 b 9 ! same ye>1 #afgh4 ,any "o :o has ! pati5ce to ref] to ^! works may satisfy himself t ,mme de ,sabl1 z an arti/1 is sup]ior to ,esprit1 b immeasurably inf]ior to ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 :o is ! "o unapproa*able ma/] ( ! maxim4#c ,footnote #c3 ,a good deal ( ! prejudice :i* successive critics1 & 7v mis*iev\sly7 ,brunetire 9 p>ticul>1 h %[n ) reg>d to ! "* ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 is due1 9 my op9ion1 to ! influ5ce ( ,victor ,c\s91 :o publi%$1 9 #ahed1 a disjo9t$ & diffuse1 b 9 _m ways brilliantly execut$ volume on ,mme de ,sabl4 ,c\s91 :o exam9$1 = ! fir/ "t1 a va/ array ( ,,ms4 s\rces1 delib]ately l[]$ ! value ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 9 ord] to enhance ! m]it ( ! lady1 ( :om ! le>n$ academician wrote l a lov]4 ,ev5 ,esprit 0 ?r[n into ! scale to light5 ! weight ( ! ,duke's orig9ality4 ,c\s9 0 borne gaily on ! /ream ( 8 h]o9e-wor%ip1 & o!rs less pr(\ndly acqua9t$ ) ! facts h let !mselves be c>ri$ ) him4 ,b x is "t t we %\ld cease to imitate !m 9 ?is4 ,= six or sev5 ye>s ! ,duke work$ away at ! poli%+ ( 8 incomp>able epigrams1 & x 0 n until ,octob] #bg1 #affe1 t ! little fam\s book made its anonym\s appe>ance4 ,! importance ( ! "w 0 p]ceiv$ imm$iately 9 ! close circle ( ! salons :i* regulat$ lit]>y op9ion 9 ,p>is4 ,= half a c5tury pa/ ,fr5*m5 _h be5 reg>d+ ) jeal\s att5tion ! causes & effects ( human passion1 culm9at+1 = ! mom5t1 9 ! treatise writt5 by ,desc>tes = ! daught] ( ! ,que5 ( ,bohemia4 ,! ,jans5i/s & ! ,jesuits1 ! playwrights1 ! noveli/s1 ,hobbes & ,sp9oza1 all pursu$1 along widely diff]5t pa?s1 ^? illusive secrets ( ! human he>t :i* _h escap$ ! notice ( e>li] g5]ations4 ,b ,la ,ro*ef\cauld r$uc$ ! desultory psy*ology ( 8 pr$ecessors to a sy/em1 s t = u ! moraliz+ t5d5cies ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ,france seem to h f\nd _! f9al expression less 9 ! sob ( ,pascal's consci5ce ?an 9 ! resign$ ironic non*alance ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 :o1 z ,voltaire s admirably says1 dissolves e virtue 9 ! passions :i* surr\nd x4 ,p]haps :at ! ,maximes mo/ resembl$ 0 ! !n rec5tly-publi%$ analysis ( egotism 9 ,levia?an4 ,b ! cool & atroci\s p]iods ( :at ,sir ,leslie ,/eph5 calls ! unblu%+ egotism ( ,hobbes h really little 9 common ) ! sp>kl+ rapi]-/rokes ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 except t bo? ^! morali/s-- :o may conceivably h met & comp>$ impressions 9 ,p>is-- comb9$ a resolute pessimism ab\t ! corruption ( mank9d ) an epicurean pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,! ,maxims ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 7 atoms ( gold sift$ ?r\gh ! me% ( discussions at ! d9n]-table1 ar\nd ! fire 9 w9t]1 "u ! haw?orns & lilacs :i* ,mme de ,svign describes1 9 endless talk betwe5 two or m tra9$ & intellig5t p]sons1 along ! c\rse ( :i* ?\ght oscillat$ f extreme to extreme1 until at la/ ! company disp]s$1 leav+ ,la ,ro*ef\cauld to capture & to fix ! ess5tial result ( all t desultory conv]sation4 ,x is n impossible = u to conjecture ! g5]al "* ( ?is brilliant & illusive talk4 ,x _h "o c5tral aim1 m or less cle>ly p]ceiv$1 namely ! desire to rea* a ,lat9 /&>d ( p]fection4 ,x s\ght to ex*ange = ! romantic b>b>ism :i* _h und]la9 s mu* t 0 picturesque 9 ! sixte5? c5tury--a b>b>ism :i* _h come d[n f ! late ,middle ,ages1 & :i* 0 really a dissolution ( /rong ?+s outworn--to ex*ange = ?is a preci\sness ( quality z aga9/ m]e rude bulk4 ,x desir$ to introduce dep? ( purpose 9 ! place ( *aotic moral disord]1 orig9ality 9 place ( a fr5zi$ & incoh]5t ecc5tricity1 & to f\nd a solid /ructure ^u a basis ( intellectual discipl9e4 ,b 9 ord] to c>ry out ?is f9e s*eme1 & especially 9 ord] successfully to *eck t decad5ce :i* _h al>m$ ! be/ m9ds 9 ,france1 !re 0 a pione] "w to be done4 ,x 0 necess>y to int5sify & purify ! light ( criticism4 ,= ?is purpose ! conv]sations ( ! salons culm9at$ 9 ! lapid>y art ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 :o 0 n a creator l ,rac9e & ,molire1 l ,bossuet & ,f5elon1 b :o prep>$ ! way = ^! slightly lat] build]s ( ,fr5* lit]ature by cle>+ ! gr\nd ( %ams4 ,segrais1 ^: recollections ( him are among ! mo/ preci\s :i* h come d[n to u1 says t ,la ,ro*ef\cauld nev] argu$4 ,he _h ! ,socratic mann]1 & l$ o!rs on to expose & exp\nd _! views4 ,8 cu/om 01 9 ! c\rse ( ! endless talks ab\t morals & ! s\l1 to conceal half ( 8 own op9ion1 & to %[ tact ) an ob/9ate oppon5t1 s z to sp>e him ! annoyance ( hav+ to yield4 ,!re is some?+ v l ?is 9 ! ,p5ses ( ,pascal4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld blames himself1 9 8 self-portrait1 = argu+ too fi]cely1 & = be+ te/y ) an oppon5t1 b ^! faults 7 n p]ceiv$ by o!r p4 ,d\btless he 0 aw>e ( an inw>d impati5ce1 & succe$$ 9 conceal+ x by means ( t extreme polit5ess on :i* he prid$ himself4 ,! ,maximes are %ock+ to p]sons :o live 9 a /ate ( illusion ab\t !mselves1 & !y 7 s f ! h\r ( _! publication4 ,!y roll up a bitt] pill = human vanity4 ,:5 ,mme de ,la ,fayette1 de/9$ to look deep] ?an any o!r mortal into ! s\l ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 read !m fir/ 9 #affc1 9 company ) ,mme du ,plessis at ! ,*teau de ,fresnes1 %e 0 t]rifi$ & %ock$ at :at %e call$ ! corruption :i* !y reveal$4 ,%e wrote to ,mme de ,sabl1 :o _h l5t h] ! manuscript-- ,ah1 ,madame1 h[ corrupt he mu/ be 9 m9d & he>t to be capable ( imag9+ su* ?+s6 ,i am s fright5$ by x t ,i %\ld say1 if ?is 7 n a matt] too s]i\s = je/1 t su* maxims are likely to d m to upset him ?an all ! plates ( s\p he swall[$ at y\r h\se ! o!r day4 ,z ! ,maximes pass f h& to h&1 we see ! spiritual ,mnads ( ,port ,royal clu/]+ ) a lovely fright5$ mi5 ab\t ! s9i/] au?or1 :ile he turns 8 beaute\s face haughtily ano!r way1 l "y ,apollo 9 ! ,phrygian highl&s4 ,! ^w pessimism 01 ,i believe1 unkn[n until ! ye> #ahce1 b ?is is :at ,mme de ,la ,fayette & ! re/ ( ! ,jans5i/ ladies meant by corruption4 ,p]haps ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all ! say+s ( h] t]rible fri5d is t :i* decl>es t ,9 ! mis=tunes ( our fri5ds !re is always some?+ :i* gives u no displeasure4 ,%e 0 ab\t to le>n t no "o _h a nobl] practice 9 fri5d%ip ?an ! cynic :o wrote ?is3 ,!re are good m>riages1 b no delici\s ones2 ,mme de ,la ,fayette's own m>riage _h be5 n at all delici\s & n ev5 good4 ,gratitude 9 ! majority ( m5 is simply a /rong & secret wi% to receive /ill great] b5efits4 ,t]rify+ ?is mu/ h be5 to a s5tim5tal & exalt$ bosom1 & exclusive ( all hope until ! little ^w majority 0 obs]v$1 a loophole (f]$ = sc>$ humanity to creep out at4 ,! design ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 0 to make p a%am$ ( _! egotism1 & s to help !m to modify x4 ,he saw ,france dead5$ by a univ]sal sycophancy1 & tyranniz$ ov] by a c\rt life :i* made a lie ( ev]y?+4 ,he insi/$ ^u ! value ( individual s9c]ity1 b 9 a voice s h>% & bitt]1 & 9 su* s>donic phrases--z :5 he says3 ,s9c]ity is met ) 9 v few p1 & is usually no?+ b a delicate dissimulation to attract ! confid5ce ( o!rs--t ! m timid ( 8 auditors %rank f him1 z if he _h be5 ,hamlet or ,le>4 ,:5 he d>$ to sugge/ t none ( ^! maxims 7 int5d$ to ref] to ! read] himself1 b only to all o!r p]sons1 he invit$ ! reaction :i* l$ ,huet1 ,bi%op ( ,avran*es1 to appeal aga9/ ! morality ( ! ,maximes1 z suit$ only to ! vices ( wick$ p]sons1 improborum hom9um vitiis1 & to issue a w>n+ aga9/ ! too-sweep+ cynicism ( ,roccapucaldius1 z he call$ ! ,duke4 ,?is 01 p]haps1 ! beg9n+ ( ! dead-set aga9/ ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,x enc\rag$ ,r\sseau1 a c5tury lat]1 to talk ( ce tri/e livre1 & to decl>e1 9 ! true romantic _s1 t ,bad maxims are worse ?an bad acts4 ,!re h always be51 & always w be1 p :o exp]i5ce a sort ( malaise1 an ill-def9$ discom=t1 z ?\gh !y sat 9 an ea/ w9d1 :ile !y read ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ( ,engli%m51 :o res5t be+ told t ,our virtues are (t5 only our vices 9 disguise1 & :o also1 by ! way1 are con/itutionally impati5t ( ! ,fr5* g5ius = mak+ :at is ugly1 & ev5 :at is dete/able1 pleas+ by ! surface ( /yle4 ,!re is an elem5t ( unm]cifulness 9 ! c&\r ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld :i* is di/ress+ to s5tim5tali/s4 ,b ?is 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! age1 :i* look$ ^u compassion z a frailty1 z a break-d[n ( noble p]sonal res]ve4 ,he %all speak on ?is matt] = himself-- ,i am little s5sible ( pity1 & if ,i _h my way1 ,i w\ld avoid x altoge!r4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is no?+ ,i w\ld n d to relieve an afflict$ p]son3 & ,i believe z a matt] ( fact t "o ought to g s f> z to express compassion = ! mis=tunes ( su* a man1 s9ce ! unhappy are s /upid t compassion does !m m good ?an any?+ else 9 ! _w4 ,b ,i also hold t "o %\ld conf9e "o's self to pr(essions ( pity & be v c>eful n to feel any4 ,pity is a passion :i* is :olly useless to a well-con/itut$ m9d2 x c b weak5 ! he>t1 & x ought to be left to p :o1 c>ry+ no?+ out 9 a logical mann]1 require passion to con/ra9 !m to d ?+s4 ,he seems to pa9t himself 9 tones ( ,prussian blue1 b we mu/ really ?9k ( him z ( a man timid1 & at ! same "t pret]naturally wide-awake1 :o 0 det]m9$ at all risks n to be tak5 at a disadvantage4 ,:5 he 0 an old man1 :5 mu* commun+ ) ,mme de ,la ,fayette _h allay$ 8 suspicion ( mank9d1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld said to ,mlle de ,scud]y1 ,i hope t clem5cy w come into fa%ion1 & t we %all see no m m5 unhappy4 #d ,he pr(ess$ to f\nd polit5ess on extreme am\r-propre1 b p]haps 9 a /ill clos] analysis he w\ld h discov]$ its basis 9 k9dness ( he>t4 ,he resi/s ! temptation to weak5 8 own pessimism1 j z 9 8 bit+ s>casms ab\t love we may trace a t5d] s\l /ill ble$+ f ! w\nds :i* ,mme de ,longueville's levity _h inflict$ on x4#e ,footnote #d3 ,mme de ,svign told h] daught] t %e 0 sure t if "o c\ld peep at ! ,duke & ,mme de ,la ,fayette :5 !y 7 alone ) ! cat1 "o w\ld f9d all ! re/ra9ts ( society flung aside1 & see !m )\t ! mask1 _! cynicism =gott51 m+l+ cries & te>s ov] ! sorr[s ( ! _w4 ,b nei!r %e nor any ?ird p]son w\ld ev] see _! social discretion ?us betray$1 & %e concludes1 9 h] droll way1 ,c'e/ une vision6 ,9 ano!r lett] to ,mme de ,grignan 7,june #f1 #afgb7 %e says ( ! ,duke1 ,il connat quasi aussi bi5 que moi la t5dresse mat]nelle4 ,footnote #e3 ,!re 0 unque/ionably a /rong ve9 ( t5d]ness runn+ ?r\gh ! /oical "* ( ! ,duke1 & if we 7 m intimately acqua9t$ ) 8 private life we %\ld probably see _m traces ( x4 ,su* traces exi/ z x is4 ,we h ,mme de ,svign's acc\nt ( 8 reception ( ! news ( ! ,passage ( ! ,rh9e4 ,x 0 ann\nc$ to him1 on ! #ag? ( ,june1 #afgb1 at ! h\se ( ,mme de ,la ,fayette1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,mme de ,svign1 t 9 t t]rible disa/] 8 elde/ son _h be5 dang]\sly w\nd$ & 8 f\r? son1 ! ,*evali]1 kill$4 ,! te>s seem$ to />t out ( ! dep? ( 8 he>t1 & !y brimm$ 8 eyes1 al?\gh 8 self-comm& prev5t$ an outbreak ( grief4 ,b !re 0 a fur!r complication4 ,! "y ,duke ( ,longueville 0 also kill$ at ! ,rh9e1 & he1 z a select circle ( intimate fri5ds 7 p]fectly aw>e1 0 really ! love-*ild ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,mme de ,svign1 hav+ giv5 a sup]ficial acc\nt ( ! incid5t1 *>act]i/ically goes on to say1 ,alas6 ,i am tell+ a lie2 betwe5 ourselves1 my de>1 he does n feel ! loss ( ! ,*evali] s mu*2 x is t ( ! "y man :om all ! _w regrets :i* leaves him s inconsolable4 ,& aga9 %e says3 ,i saw ! secrets ( 8 he>t reveal$ "u ?is cruel bl[2 & no "o t ,i h ev] se5 surpasses him 9 c\rage1 9 hon\r1 9 t5d]ness1 9 balance ( m9d4 ,?is is a tribute n to be ov]look$4 ,to und]/& ! :olesome influ5ce :i* ,la ,ro*ef\cauld has ex]cis$ on ,fr5* "*1 we mu/ keep con/antly 9 sight 8 hatr$ ( falsehood4 ,if he is angry & s>donic1 x is because he sees1 or ?9ks he sees1 falsehood ev]y:]e masqu]ad+ z virtue4 ,8 =emo/ duty 0 to pluck ! mask f ! false virtues :i* /rutt$ ev]y:]e ?r\gh ! society & lit]ature ( ,france4 ,voltaire recogniz$ no?+ else 9 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld b ?is s>donic misan?ropy1 ?is det]m9ation to prove t man is guid$ solely by self-int]e/4 ,?is ,voltaire ?\ght 0 ! seule vrit conta9$ 9 ! ,maximes1 & 9 a measure he 0 "r4 ,! morali/ saw am\r-propre z an ,apollyon /raddl+ "r across ! pa?way ( mank9d2 he saw lies fl\ri% ev]y:]e1 & proclaim !mselves to be ! tru?4 ,! consci5ce ( mank9d 0 s$uc$ or br[beat5 by ! impud5cy ( self-love4 ,?us-- ,we h n ! c\rage to say broadly t we ourselves h no defects1 & t our enemies h no good qualities2 b z a matt] ( fact t is n f> f be+ :at we ?9k4 ,he believ$ n at all1 or v fa9tly1 9 altruism4 ,he _h to sweep away affect$ & !re=e errone\s suppositions ) reg>d to morality1 & p>ticul>ly ) reg>d to social motives4 ,he _h come back to ,p>is1 aft] 8 long & irksome exile1 ) a t]rible cle>-sight$ness1 & he saw t society _h gone to pieces & t tru? 0 ess5tial to its rebuild+4 ,he 0 conv9c$--& ?is mu/ be ass]t$ 9 ! face ( 8 own app>5t cynicism--he 0 conv9c$ ( ! exi/5ce ( pure virtue1 b he ?\ght t am\r-propre 9 ! individual1 & conv5tionality 7:at 0 !n meant by la c\tume7 9 ! social ord]1 _h made x almo/ z r>e z ! dodo4 ,he wi%$1 by 8 /r+5t exposure ( ! arts ( ly+1 to save virtue be=e x 0 absolutely ext9ct4 ,he _h ! in/9ct ( race-pres]vation4#f ,footnote #f3 ,x is possible t ! conv]sation ( ,mme de ,sabl conc5trat$ 8 ?\ghts on self-love4 ,a contempor>y ,,ms4 says ( t lady1 ,elle flatte =t l'am\r propre qu& elle p>le aux g5s4 ,b egotism 0 a new discov]y :i* fasc9at$ ev]ybody 9 ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! c5tury4 ,let u turn to ! few1 b pr(\ndly beautiful reflections :i* =m ! con/ructive elem5t 9 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's tea*+4 ,8 aim 9 edification is to tra9 u to dig ?r\gh ! cru/ ( social %am to ! limpid tru? :i* exi/s 9 ! d>k c5tre ( our s\ls-- ,if !re is a pure love1 he says1 exempt f all admixture ) o!r passions1 x is t :i* lies hidd5 at ! bottom ( ! he>t1 & ( :i* we ourselves are ignorant4 ,unlike ,m&eville1 our own great cynic ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 :ile call+ 9 "q ! reality ( almo/ all b5evol5t impulses1 /opp$ %ort ( d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( virtue itself4 ,he w\ld n h said1 z ! au?or ( ! ,fable ( ! ,bees 7#agad7 did1 t ! hunt+ aft] ?is pul*rum et hone/um is n mu* bett] ?an a wild-goose *ase4 ,b he _h a /rong contempt = ! humbugs ( ! _w1 & among !m he plac$ unfl9*+ optimi/s4 ,"o ( ! ma9 =ms ( humbug 9 8 day 0 ! leg5d t ev]ybody act$ nobly = ! sake ( o!r p4 ,?is ,la ,ro*ef\cauld /\tly d5i$1 b he 0 n s excessive z 8 comm5tators 9 8 condemnation ( t self-love :i* he decl>es to be ! s\rce ( all our moral actions4 ,he ins9uates ! possibility ( an innoc5t & ev5 a b5eficial egotism4 ,he says1 ,! praise :i* is giv5 u s]ves to fix u 9 ! practice ( virtue1 & if t is true1 am\r-propre mu/ be practically useful4 ,helvtius1 :o made "s v valuable comm5ts on ! ,maximes a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 po9t$ out t am\r-propre is n 9 itself an evil ?+1 b is a s5tim5t implant$ 9 u all by nature1 & t ?is s5tim5t is trans=m$ 9 e human be+ into ei!r vice or virtue1 s t al?\gh we are all egoi/s1 "s are good & "s are bad4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 !re=e1 :ile he takes a v d>k view ( ! selfi%ness ( ! human race1 s(t5s ! %ades ( 8 picture by admitt+ t egotism may be1 & (t5 mu/ be1 advantage\s n m]ely to ! individual b to ! race4 ,& "h we f9d ! key to "o ( ! odde/ passages 9 8 works1 t 9 :i* he attributes 8 inspiration to two sa9ts1 ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,epicurus6 ,he says-- ,ev]ybody wi%es to be happy2 t is ! aim ( all ! acts ( life4 ,spuri\s m5 ( ! _w & spuri\s m5 ( piety only seek = ! appe>ance ( virtue1 & ,i believe t 9 matt]s ( morality1 ,s5eca 0 a hypocrite & ,epicurus 0 a sa9t4 ,i "k ( no?+ 9 ! _w s beautiful z nobility ( he>t & l(t9ess ( m9d3 f ^! proce$s t p]fect integrity :i* ,i set above all o!r qualities1 & :i* seems to me1 at my pres5t /age ( life1 to be ( m price ?an a royal cr[n4 ,b ,i am n sure :e!r1 9 ord] to live happily & z a man ( ! highe/ s5se ( hon\r1 x is n bett] to be ,alcibiades & ,pha$o ?an to be ,ari/ides & ,socrates4 ,x w\ld take u too f> out ( our pa? to comm5t on ! relation ( ?is epicureanism to ! religion ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's day1 b a few words seem necess>y on ?is subject4 ,he says extremely little ab\t religion1 al?\gh he makes ! necess>y & p]haps n :olly p]functory1 /atem5t t he 0 or?odox4 ,b ! position ( a vot>y ( ,/4 ,epicurus _h gr[n difficult4 ,s9ce ! ,duke's exile1 ! enmity betwe5 ! *ur* & ! _w _h become viol5t1 s viol5t t a man ( prom95t social & intellectual position 0 b\nd to take "o side or ano!r4 ,we may note t ! ye>s dur+ :i* ! ,maximes 7 be+ compos$ 7 precisely ^? dur+ :i* ,bossuet 0 ?und]+ f ! pulpit 8 ana!mas aga9/ worldly luxury & ! pride ( life4 ,! p]iod m>k$ at "o extremity by ,l',am\r des ,passions 7#affj7 & at ! o!r by ! ,gr&eurs ,huma9s 7#affc7 is precisely t 9 :i* ! lapid>y art ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 0 mo/ assidu\s4 ,! *ur* 0 advocat+ asceticism & humility ) all its au?ority1 & 0 lead+ up t[>ds ! lat] phase ( ! fanatical despotism ( ,l\is ,,xiv4's old age1 ) all its att5dant hypocrisy4 ,= ! mom5t1 9 ! /ruggle1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ?\gh no dvot1 w\ld seem a fri5d ( ! *ur* r ?an a foe1 & 9 fact he reta9$ ! intimacy ( ,bossuet1 9 ^: arms he di$4 ,we may be sure t he gu>d$ himself ) delicate c>e f ! *>ge ( be+ :at 0 !n call$ a lib]t9e1 t is a man op5ly at w> ) ! !ory & practice ( ! !ologians4 ,x is said t ,la ,ro*ef\cauld inv5t$#g ! ^w vraie1 true1 to describe ! "* ( ,mme de ,la ,fayette4 ,8 intimacy ) ?is illu/ri\s lady is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful episodes 9 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature1 & p]haps its pure/ example ( true fri5d%ip betwe5 ! sexes4 ,! phrase we h already quot$ %[s t 9 #affc ! two great writ]s 7 acqua9t$ b n yet intimate4 ,m>ie de la ,v]gne1 ,comtesse de ,la ,fayette1 0 9 h] ?irtie? ye>1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld _h complet$ 8 fiftie? :5 "s cause :i* rema9s obscure drew !m toge!r ) a tie :i* dea? alone1 aft] sev5te5 wond]ful ye>s ( almo/ unbrok5 association1 0 to sev]4 ,!re 0 no sc&al ab\t x1 ev5 9 t sc&al-mong]+ age4 ,! a/ute ,mile de ,scud]y1 writ+ to h] gossip ,bussy ,rabut9 7,decemb] #f1 #afge71 says1 ,no?+ c\ld be happi] = h]1 or m dignifi$ = him2 ! fe> ( ,god on ei!r side1 & p]haps prud5ce z well1 h clipp$ ! w+s ( love4 ,twelve ye>s be=e1 :5 ,mnage _h repeat$ to h] "s critical rem>ks ab\t h] novel1 ,la ,pr9cesse de ,montp5si]1 ,mme de ,la ,fayette _h repli$1 ,i am greatly oblig$ to ,m4 de la ,ro*ef\cauld = 8 expressions4 ,!y are ! result ( our simil>ity ( exp]i5ce1 'de la belle sympa?ie qui e/ entre n\s4' ,footnote #g3 ,mme de ,svign seems n to h kn[n ?is :51 9 writ+ to h] daught] 7,july #ai1 #afga71 %e claims to h be5 ! fir/ to say vraie :5 %e meant s9c]e1 loyal4 ,il y a longtemps que je dis que v\s tes vraie ,! fam\s fri5ds 7 exclud$ by _! physical conditions f ! activities ( life4 ,mme de ,la ,fayette1 :o 0 p]haps some?+ ( a hypo*ondriac1 toss$ all day among ! pill[s ( t gold5 b$ ) ! extravagance ( :i* ! au/]ity ( ,mme de ,ma9t5on upbraid$ h]4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 torm5t$ by ! g\t1 lay /ret*$ at h] side 9 8 long *air1 & ! days w5t by 9 endless discussion1 endless balanc+ ( "r & wrong1 mu* gossip1 mu* read+ ( books new & old1 & n a little consultation ( arti/ ) arti/4 ,!y kept _! secrets well1 & no curiosity ( successive critics has be5 able to discov] h[ mu* ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld is hidd5 9 ! pages ( ,la ,pr9cesse de ,clves1 ! e>lie/ ( ! mod]n novels ( ! _w1 nor h[ mu* ( ,mme de ,la ,fayette 9 ! revis$ & re-revis$ text ( ! ,maximes4 #h ,b we "k t %e 0 no less sagaci\s & no less an enemy to illusion ?an he 01 & ^? are probably n f> wrong :o h detect$ a s(t5+ influ5ce f h] conv]sation on ! late g5ius ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,9 #afge ,mme de ,?iange pres5t$ to ! ,duke du ,ma9e a toy :i* has long ago disappe>$1 & = ! recov]y ( :i* ,i w\ld gladly ex*ange _m a gr& composition ( pa9t+ & sculpture4 ,x 0 a sort ( gild$ doll's h\se1 repres5t+ ! int]ior ( a salon4 ,ov] ! door 0 writt51 ,*ambre des ,sublimes4 ,inside 7 wax portrait-figures ( liv+ celebrities1 ! ,duke du ,ma9e 9 "o arm-*air2 9 ano!r ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 :o 0 h&+ him "s manuscript4 ,by ! arm-*airs 7 /&+ ,bossuet1 !n ,bi%op ( ,condom1 & ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's elde/ son1 ,m4 de ,m>cillac4 ,at ! o!r end ( ! alcove ,mme de ,la ,fayette & ,mme de ,?iange 7 read+ v]ses toge!r4 ,outside ! balu/rade1 ,boileau ) a pit*=k 0 prev5t+ sev5 or eight bad poets f ent]+1 to ! amusem5t & approval ( ,rac9e1 :o 0 already inside1 & ( ,la ,fonta9e1 :o 0 invit$ to come =w>d4 ,! lik5ess ( ^! little wax5 images is said to h be5 p]fect1 & !re c h>dly be fanci$ a relic ( t f9e society :i* w\ld be m valuable to u 9 re-e/abli%+ its social "*4 ,we "k n :at became ( x 9 ! next g5]ation4 ,no d\bt1 ! wax grew du/y1 & ! figures lo/ _! heads & h&s1 & "s petulant *tela9e doom$ ! ru9$ treasure to ! du/b94 ,footnote #h3 ,bussy ,rabut9 writes to ,mme de ,svign t he he>s t ,la ,ro*ef\cauld & ,mme de ,la ,fayette are prep>+ quelque *ose de =t joli4 ,?is %[s t be=e ,la ,pr9cess de ,clves 0 f9i%$ ! ,duke's "n 0 id5tifi$ ) its composition4 ,no m5tion ( ,mme de ,svign is made 9 ! inv5tory ( ! ,*ambre des ,sublimes1 & yet !re is no "o to :om we owe an exact] portraiture ( its inmates1 nor "o :o 0 m wor?y to animate its gold5 recesses4 ,= ! la/ t5 ye>s ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's life %e 0 "o ( ! close/ obs]v]s ( ! fam\s s$5t>y fri5d%ip4 ,un=tunately %e tells u no?+ ab\t ! orig9al publication ( ! ,maximes1 = 8 "n does n occur 9 h] correspond5ce be=e #affh1 & does n ab\nd !re until #afgj4 ,!n we f9d h] = ev] at ! ,duke's h\se1 or meet+ him at ,mme de ,la ,fayette's b$side4 ,he gratifi$ h] by w>m & con/ant praise ( ,mme de ,grignan1 ^: lett]s 7 regul>ly read to ! fri5ds by h] infatuat$ "m4 ,x is vex+ t ,mme de ,svign1 :o might h sp>$ u two or ?ree ( h] immortal pages1 al?\gh %e incessantly m5tions & ev5 quotes ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 g5]ally refra9s f describ+ him4 ,%e & ,mme de ,la ,fayette 7 8 gue/s 9 ! c\ntry on ,may #ae1 & ! ?ree wond]ful companions walk$ 9 ! h>mony ( night+ales1 haw?orns1 lilacs1 f\nta9s & f9e wea!r1 or play$ ) 8 pet :ite m\se4 ,su* t\*es are r>e1 & ,p>is seems be/ to suit :at ,mme de ,svign admirably calls ! grey-br[n ?\ght ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,9 #afga he _h a t]rible attack ( ! g\t1 accompani$ by agonies moral & physical :i* fill$ ! ladies ) al>m & pity4 ,bett] 9 #afgb1 he 0 able to ent]ta9 company to he> ,corneille read 8 new trag$y ( ,pul*rie 9 ,janu>y1 & ,molire 8 new com$y1 ,les ,femmes ,savantes1 9 ,m>*4 ,he 0 n[1 9 premature old age1 ! v5]able figure 9 ! gr\p1 ! b5evol5t ,ne/or ( ! salons4 ,let 8 detractors rememb] t ,mme de ,svign1 :o knew :at %e 0 talk+ ab\t1 wrote t he is ! mo/ lovable man ,i h ev] kn[n1 ,8 suff]+s1 8 dis5*antm5ts & disappo9tm5ts1 only seem$ to acc5tuate 8 beautiful pati5ce4 ,j be=e 8 fatal illness 7,janu>y #ca1 #afhj7 ,mme de ,svign writes aga93 ,i h nev] se5 a man s oblig+1 nor m amiable 9 8 wi% to give pleasure by :at he says4 #i ,h] detail$ & pa!tic acc\nt ( 8 la/ h\rs1 :i* clos$ on ! night ( ,m>* #af1 #afhj1 te/ifies to h] deep atta*m5t & to ,mme de ,la ,fayette's despair4 ,footnote #i3 ,two ( ,la ,fonta9e's fables1 ,l',homme et son ,image & ,les ,lap9s1 7 d$icat$ to ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 9 #affh4 ,9 ! =m] we read3-- ,on voit bi5 o je veux v5ir4 ,je p>le a t\s1 et cette erreur extrme ,e/ un mal que *acun se plat d'entret5ir ,notre me1 c'e/ cet homme am\reux de lui-mme2 ,tant de miroirs1 ce sont les sottises d'autrui1 ,miroirs1 de nos dfauts les pe9tres lgitimes2 ,et quant au canal1 c'e/ celui1 ,que *acun sait3 le livre des ,maximes4 ,:5 ,mme de ,svign1 9 #afge1 receiv$ ! ?ird edition ( ! ,duke's book1 :i* conta9$ m ?an sev5ty new maxims1 %e wrote1 ,"s ( !m are div9e2 "s ( !m1 ,i am a%am$ to say1 ,i don't und]/&4 ,probably %e w\ld h p>tly agre$ ) "s "o's criticism ( !m1 ,de l'esprit1 encore de l'esprit1 et t\j\rs de l'esprit--trop d'esprit6 #aj ,no d\bt1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld has done 8 own reputation wrong by ! blu/] ( 8 scepticism & also by ! fact t he sometimes wraps 8 ?\ghts up 9 su* a blaze ( epigram t we are disconc]t$ to f9d1 :5 we analyze !m1 t !y are commonplaces4 ,contempor>ies seem$ to h smil$ at ! excessive subtlety into :i* _! long conv]sations l$ ,mme de ,la ,fayette & h] sublime companion4 ,mme de ,svign describes su* talks ) h] delicate irony1 & says1 ,we plung$ into subtleties :i* 7 beyond our intellig5ce4 ,an example is ! dispute :e!r ,grace is to ! body :at good s5se is to ! m9d1 or ,grace is to ! body :at delicacy is to ! m9d %\ld be ! ultimate =m ( a maxim4 ,!y sometimes drew ! spid]'s ?read s f9e t x became invisible4#aa ,footnote #aj3 ,! practice ( mak+ maxims1 axiomata1 enc\rag$ ! enliv5m5t ( conv]sation by ! introduction ( topsy-turvy /atem5ts1 su* z ,con/ancy is m]ely incon/ancy arre/$1 9 ! mann] ( ,osc> ,wilde & ,mr4 ,*e/]ton4 ,footnote #aa3 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 0 n )\t affectations4 ,he spoke airily ab\t 8 manire nglige ( writ+1 :]eas no "o ev] took m pa9s4 ,segrais gives v int]e/+ in=mation on ?is po9t3 he says t ! ,duke s5t me f "t to "t :at he _h be5 work+ on1 & he wi%$ me to keep ^! note-books ( 8 = five or six weeks1 s z to be able to give !m my close/ att5tion1 p>ticul>ly ) reg>d to ! turn ( ! ?\ghts & ! arrangem5t ( ! words4 ,"s ( 8 maxims he alt]$ z _m z ?irty times4 ,b :5 he wrote to ,esprit1 9 #affj1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld affect$ to reg>d 8 own writ+s z trifles ?r[n (f au co9 de mon feu ,! great ( ! e>? h ^! amiable & amus+ weaknesses4 ,b 8 cle>ness ( insight 0 imm5se1 & he 0 too pr(\ndly intellig5t to be a m]ely de/ructive or /]ile =ce4 ,he build$ bett] ?an he knew4 ,= in/ance1 c\rage1 x has be5 alleg$1 he d5ies1 & inde$ he is s savage 9 8 exposure ( braggadocio t x might well be believ$ t he refus$ to admit t m5 c\ld be brave4 ,yet :at does he say8-- ,intrepidity is an extraord9>y =ce ( ! s\l :i* lifts x above ^? tr\bles1 disord]s & emotions :i* ! aspect ( great p]il w\ld o!rwise excite2 x is by ?is =ce t h]oes ma9ta9 !mselves 9 a /ate ( equanimity1 pres]v+ ! free use ( _! reason ?r\gh ! mo/ surpris+ & ! mo/ t]rible accid5ts4 ,?is mu/ include ! mo/ mov+ ( all accid5ts1 ^? :i* call =? moral & physical c\rage 9 ! face ( national dang]1 & are rew>d$ by gloire1 by public & la/+ fame4 ,& we are l$ on to a consid]ation ( ! l5g?y reflection on ! _s 9 :i* ! approa* ( dea? %\ld be fac$1 ) :i* he clos$ ! late/ edition ( ! ,maximes1 decl>+ t ! spl5d\r ( dy+ ) a firm _s1 ! hope ( be+ regrett$1 ! desire to leave a fair reputation beh9d u1 ! assurance ( be+ releas$ f ! drudg]y ( life & ( dep5d+ no m on ! caprices ( =tune1 are rem$ies :i* w\ld m$ic9e our pa9 9 approa*+ ! dread$ goal ( our exi/5ce4 ,we mu/ read ,la ,ro*ef\cauld closely to p]ceive :y a book s se>*+1 & ev5 s cruel z 81 has ex]cis$ on ! g5ius ( ,france a salut>y & a la/+ influ5ce4 ,8 savage pessimism is n useless1 x is n a m]e scorn ( humanity & a sne] at its weaknesses4 ,x t5ds1 by /ripp+ (f all ! %ams ( conduct & digg+ to ! root ( action1 to make p upright1 c&id & magnanim\s on a new basis ( tru?4 ,s we come at la/ to see ! significance ( ,voltaire's d>k say+ ( ! ,maximes3 ,?is book is "o ( ^? :i* h contribut$ mo/ to =m ! ta/e ( ! ,fr5* nation1 & to give x ! _s ( accuracy & precision4 ,,la ,,bruy,,re ,la ,bruyre 0 ?irty-five ye>s ( age :5 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld di$1 & tw5ty :5 ! ,maximes 7 publi%$4 ,we h no evid5ce t he ev] met ! =m]1 b he c]ta9ly read ! latt]1 & 9 spite ( 8 eag] d5ial t ,pascal or ,la ,ro*ef\cauld sugge/$ 8 me?od to him--,i h foll[$ nei!r ( ^! pa?s1 he says--x is impossible to d\bt t ! example ( ! ,maximes _h a great deal to d ) ! =m ( ! ,c>actres4 ,8 own disciple1 ,brillon1 tells u ( ,la ,bruyre t1 ! au?or ( ! "w :i* ?is age has mo/ admir$ 0 at lea/ t5 ye>s writ+ x1 & ab\t z long hesitat+ :e!r he w\ld write x or n4 ,! ,c>actres 0 f9i%$ 9 #afhg2 ,brillon's e/imate takes u back to #affg or e>li]1 & ! brilliant success ( ! ,maximes dates f #affe4 ,e au?or imag9es t he loses "s dignity by be+ suppos$ to foll[ ! lead ( ano!r au?or1 al?\gh ! entire hi/ory ( lit]ature is be=e him to %[ t ! lamp ( g5ius has always be5 h&$ on f h& to h&4 ,la ,bruyre1 9 p>ticul>1 0 n exempt f ?is amiable weakness1 b 8 gho/ ne$s feel no displeasure if we insi/ on connect+ him ) ! ef=t ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,x is v amus+ to see h[ anxi\s ,la ,bruyre is n to seem to owe any?+ to ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,he speaks ( 8 own writ+s z less delicate ?an ^? ( ! ,duke1 & 9 8 own op5+ words he decl>es t he has _h no wi% to write maxims1 :i* are laws 9 morals1 z he has no legislative au?ority4 ,i suppose t 9 describ+ ! tone ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld z delicate ,la ,bruyre really meant sup]cili\s1 & deprecat$ any idea t he1 ! typical b\rgeois1 %\ld seem to lay d[n ! law l ! ar*itype ( intellectual ari/ocracy4 ,he sc(fs at ! ,duke = mak+ 8 reflections l oracles1 s %ort are !y & s concise2 & he is q correct :5 he boa/s ( ! extreme v>iety & v]satility ( 8 own mann]4 ,he accuses ,la ,ro*ef\cauld ( br[beat+ 8 read]s into subjection to 8 ?\ght2 :ile1 ,la ,bruyre says1 = my "p ,i am q will+ t my read] %\ld say sometimes t ,i h n obs]v$ correctly1 provid$ t he himself w obs]ve bett]4 ,! read]1 on ! o!r h&1 mu/ n be tak5 9 by all ?is1 :i* is v *>act]i/ic ( ,la ,bruyre's timid self-confid5ce4 ,8 reputation loses no?+ by our discov]+ t he owes mu* to ,montaigne & /ill m to ,la ,ro*ef\cauld4 ,! l9k is cle>1 9 spite ( ! foliage ) :i* ,la ,bruyre seeks to conceal x4 ,x c\ld only be f ,la ,ro*ef\cauld t ! au?or ( ,les ,c>actres d]iv$ t sad disillusionm5t1 light$ up by fla%es ( savage wit1 ) :i* he expresses 8 s5se ( ! defects ( human "*4 ,x may (t5 be not$ t :5 ,la ,bruyre speaks ( egotism1 ( ! preval5ce ( am\r-propre1 8 pung5t phrases h ! v s\nd ( ^? ( 8 precursor4 ,! tru? is t a /rong new book is n read by a "y man ^: g5ius is prep>$ = its tea*+1 )\t its image be+ /amp$ ^u 8 m9d4 ,la ,bruyre's own exp]i5ce _h already (f]$ to him a banquet ( ! bitt] fruit ( ! tree ( k ( good & evil :5 he met ) ! ,maximes ( #affe4 ,8 consci5ce & 8 memory 7 prep>$1 & ! tru? is t a great deal ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's tea*+ pass$ into 8 ve9s )\t 8 kn[+ x4 ,?is does n 9 ! lea/ und]m9e ! reputation :i* ju/ly belongs to ,la ,bruyre z "o ( ! mo/ orig9al writ]s ( ,france1 or ev5 ( ,europe1 b x l9ks him = our intellig5ce ) ! o!r great morali/ ( 8 c5tury4 ,! au?or ( ! ,maximes 0 ! head ( "o ( ! great pr9cely h\ses ( ,france4 ,! au?or ( ! ,c>actres 0 ! type ( ! plebeian citiz5 ( ,p>is4 ,if ,la ,ro*ef\cauld (f]s u ! qu9tess5ce ( ari/ocracy1 ,la ,bruyre is n less a specim5 ( ! middle class4 ,8 reputation z an hone/ man long suff]$ f 8 own joke ab\t 8 ance/ry4 ,he wrote1 ,i w>n ev]ybody :om x may conc]n1 9 ord] t ! _w may be prep>$ & nobody be surpris$1 t if ev] x %\ld happ5 t "o ( ! mighty ( ! e>? %\ld deem me wor?y ( 8 c>e1 9 o!r words if ,i %\ld ev] come into an imm5se =tune1 !re is a ,godefroi de ,la ,bruyre :om all ! *ronicl]s place 9 ! li/ ( ! greate/ nobles ( ,france :o foll[$ ,godefroi de ,b\illon to ! conque/ ( ! ,holy ,l&4 ,:5 t happ5s1 ,i %all desc5d f him 9 ! direct l9e4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t a *ild c\ld p]ceive ?is to be a satire at ! pr(ite]s ( ! age1 :o inv5t$ ance/ors1 & s a *ild w\ld to-day1 b 9 ! sev5te5? & ev5 ! eighte5? c5tury x 0 n safe to be funny4 ,9 p>ticul>1 nons5se--! div9e *>m ( :i* we n[ admit--_h n be5 acclimatiz$1 & 0 look$ ^u ) grave displeasure4 ,x wr+s ! he>t t :5 ,goldsmi?1 9 a purple coat1 pret5d$ to ?9k himself m attractive ?an ! ,jessamy ,bride1 8 contempor>ies sev]ely c5sur$ ?is z an in/ance ( 8 vanity4 ,s ! fools & fops ( ,la ,bruyre's "t ?\ght or pret5d$ to ?9k t he 0 s]i\sly claim+ to be ( noble bir?4 ,no?+ 0 fur!r f 8 int5tion2 no ,la ,bruyre _h tak5 "p 9 ! ,crusades1 any m ?an any memb] ( ,*>les ,lamb's family _h be5 ,pope ( ,rome4 ,! morali/'s fa!r1 ,l\is de ,la ,bruyre1 0 ,comptroll]-,g5]al ( ,r5ts ( ! ,htel de ,ville ( ,p>is2 8 "m 0 an attorney's daught]4 ,! elde/ ( five1 he 0 born on ,augu/ #ag1 #afde1 9 ! c5tre ( old ,p>is1 close to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]4 ,x is only ( late ye>s t ?is fact has be5 discov]$1 & !re are /ill imm5se blanks 9 ! life ( ,la ,bruyre dur+ :i* he disappe>s f u altoge!r1 engulf$ 9 ! lanes ( ! ,cit1 n because ( any adv5tur\s my/]y1 b simply because ( 8 total lack ( adv5ture4 ,!re has sc>cely liv$ a great man ( lett]s 9 comp>atively rec5t times ab\t ^: life !re is s little to relate z ab\t t ( ,la ,bruyre4 ,he is believ$ to h gone to s*ool to ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,oratory1 b ev5 t is n c]ta94 ,8 k ( ,greek is ?\ght to prove x1 b1 ?\gh ! ,oratorians 7 admirable ,hell5i/s1 surely ,greek c\ld be le>n$ else:]e4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty1 he pass$ 8 exam9ation 9 law 9 ,orleans1 &1 com+ back to ,p>is1 practis$ z a lawy] = eight or n9e ye>s4 ,he 0 conc]n$ 9 no fam\s case1 x is suppos$1 s9ce 8 "n is nev] m5tion$ 9 ! gossip ( ! "t4 ,he inh]it$ a compet5ce f 8 fa!r1 & probably liv$ an idle life1 div]sifi$ by a little legal bus9ess ( a v m$iocre nature4 ,z 8 biograph] says1 he grew m & m incl9$ by 8 temp]am5t to a m$itative exi/5ce4 ,:5 he 0 9 8 ?irtie? ye>1 a crisis came4 ,by "s means or o!r1 he secur$ a lucrative s9ecure1 t ( treasur] ( f9ances at ,ca5 9 ,norm&y4 ,he hat$ ! c\ntry & w5t d[n to ,ca5 on ! r>e/ occasions possible4 ,la ,bruyre1 a ,p>isian to ! m>r[ ( 8 bones1 says1 ,prov9cials & fools are always ready to lose _! temp] & believe t "o is laugh+ at !m or despis+ !m4 ,y mu/ nev] v5ture on a joke1 ev5 ! milde/1 except ) well-br$1 witty p4 ,p]haps he _h be5 try+ ,godefroi de ,la ,bruyre (f on ! /olid inhabitants ( ,ca54 ,he receiv$ a sal>y1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 f> f be+ all paid away to a sub/itute1 & he rose1 9 ! curi\s social scale ( ^? days1 f ,mi/] 7roturi]7 into ,esquire 7cuy]74 ,! c\rt 9 ,norm&y 0 extremely angry ) him at p]iodical int]vals1 b app>5tly c\ld d no?+ to ass]t itself4 ,:5 x rag$1 ,la ,bruyre 0 l ! ,ea/ 9 ,mat!w ,arnold's poem1 he b['d l[ be=e ! bla/ 9 pati5t1 deep disda94 ,he liv$ ?r\gh ^! quiet ye>s 9 "o ap>tm5t aft] ano!r 9 ! he>t ( ,p>is4 ,vigneul de ,m>ville saw him ne>] heav5 ?an e>? 9 a room :i* a light curta9 divid$ into two4 ,! w9d1 always at ! s]vice ( philosoph]s1 runn+ ahead ( visitors1 w\ld lift ?is curta9 adroitly1 & reveal ! philosoph]1 smil+ ) pleasure at ! opportunity ( di/ill+ ! elixir ( 8 m$itations into ! bra9 & ! he>t ( a li/5]4 ,he 0 always at "w1 b 8 "w 0 conf9$ to m$itation1 talk & /udy4 ,sometimes he left 8 g>ret1 & /udi$ ! c\rt & ! t[n f ! b5*es ( ! public g>d5s1 ! ,luxemb\rg & ! ,tuil]ies4 ,!re has be5 an enorm\s am\nt ( speculation & conjecture ab\t ! c5tral p]iod ( ! life ( ,la ,bruyre1 b we really h only "o positive docum5t to g ^u4 ,dur+ ! illness ( 8 own footman1 he borr[$ ! s]vices ( 8 bro!r's man1 :o robb$ him ( money & clo!s4 ,la ,bruyre put ! case 9 ! h&s ( ! police1 :o fail$ to cat* ! ?ief4 ,?is is ! only def9ite fact :i* has rew>d$ ! pati5ce ( ! inve/igators1 & we mu/ build r\nd x :at we c4 ,we build r\nd x 8 own glimpse ( self-portraiture 79 ,des ,bi5s de ,=tune7 & f9d ! philosoph] b5d+ ov] ! volume :]e ,plato discusses ! spirituality ( ! s\l1 or measur+1 ) a rapt expression1 ! inf9ite di/ance betwe5 ,saturn & ,jupit]4#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,vigneul de ,m>ville1 to :om we owe "s picturesque impressions ( ,la ,bruyre at ?is "t ( social obscurity1 0 "o ( ! pseudonyms ( ,bonav5ture d',argonne1 ^: real "n appe>s to h be5 ,nol ,argonne4 ,he 0 a ,c>?usian :o dabbl$ 9 lit]ature1 & :o t[>ds ! close ( 8 c>e] compil$ a volume ( ,mlanges1 conta9+ anecdotes :i* are (t5 spiteful1 b sometimes useful to ! hi/orian ( lit]ature4 ,he seems to h visit$ ,la ,bruyre 9 ! days ( 8 comp>ative pov]ty1 :5 8 "m kept home = ! :ole family1 fir/ 9 ! ,rue ,*apon1 & lat] 9 ! ,rue des ,gr&s ,augu/9s4 ,:5 he is on ! po9t ( ent]+ 8 =tie? ye>1 ,la ,bruyre sudd5ly breaks out ( ! cl\d :i* encompasses him1 & is reveal$ z pr(essor ( hi/ory to ! ,duke ( ,b\rbon1 & resid5t 9 ! h\sehold ( ! great ,pr9ce de ,cond4 ,!re is no evid5ce to %[ h[ ,bossuet1 !n ,bi%op ( ,meaux1 & ! mo/ influ5tial man ( intellect 9 ,france1 became acqua9t$ ) ! discreet & obscure treasur] ( f9ances2 b x is evid5t t he 0 /ruck by ! va/ le>n+ & intellig5ce ( ?is sil5t1 smil+ an*orite4 ,font5elle tells u t ,bossuet1 :o _h be5 tutor to ! ,dauph91 made a practice ( supply+ to ! pr9ces su* p]sons1 m]itori\s 9 lett]s1 z !y _h ne$ (4 ,9 #afhd1 !n1 we "k n :y nor h[1 ,bossuet recomm5d$ ,la ,bruyre z tutor to ! ,h\se ( ,cond4 ,x is a matt] ( ceaseless wond]m5t1 h[ev]1 t ! philosoph] accept$ & reta9$ ! po/4 ,he possess$ a suffici5t ?\gh a mode/ compet5ce already1 & he ex*ang$ a life ( complete indep5d5ce = a mo/ pa9ful & try+ s]vitude1 hung up betwe5 ! insol5ce ( ^? above & ! imp]t95ce ( ^? bel[ him4 ,! situation ( ,la ,bruyre 9 ! ,maison de ,cond 0 l t ( ,fanny ,burney at ! c\rt ( ,george ,,iii41 only worse4 ,comm5tators h exp5d$ endless +5uity 9 conjectur+ :at 7 ! reasons :i* induc$ him to enslave himself4 ,a c>eful /udy ( 8 great book mu/ add to our amazem5t4 ,no "o ev] lock$ himself up 9 prison ) an exact] appreciation ( ! discom=ts ( captivity4 ,la ,bruyre has "s rem>ks ab\t fre$om1 :i* plunge u 9 bewild]m5t4 ,lib]ty1 he says1 is n laz9ess3 x is a free use ( "o's "t2 x is hav+ ! *oice ( "o's own "w & ex]cise4 ,to be free1 9 a ^w1 is n to d no?+1 b to be sole judge ( :at "o %all d or n d4 ,9 ?is s5se1 :at a boon is lib]ty6 ,?is practical fre$om he possess$ to ! full1 :5 9 ,augu/ #afhd he accept$ bondage to a spiteful monkey ( a boy1 a dw>f ) a huge head & a dreadful face1 to :om he 0 to imp>t1 ) te>s ( disappo9tm5t & humiliation1 ! rudim5ts ( national hi/ory4 ,he 0 imm$iately responsible to ! fa!r ( ?is infant ph5om5on1 to ,h5ry ,jules1 ,duke d',enghi51 ( ^: useless tal5ts1 wa/$ g5ius1 imag9ation :i* 0 a torm5t to himself & o!rs1 ,sa9t-,simon gives s copi\s an acc\nt4 ,we h to ?9k ( our delicate & timid ,la ,bruyre n[ = ye>s ! p[]less play?+ ( ?is unnatural son1 cruel fa!r1 t]rible husb&1 dete/able ma/]1 p]nici\s neighb\r1 )\t affection1 )\t fri5ds4 ,b aft] two c5turies ( canonization ( ! ,conds1 x has n[ become ! fa%ion to d5igrate !m to an equal excess4 ,! traditional figure ( ! ,gr& ,cond1 ,olympian & sublime1 has be5 expos$ by pitiless docum5t>y evid5ce4 ,la ,bruyre's late/ & mo/ le>n$ editor1 ,m4 ,emile ,magne1 gives a t]rible picture ( ! ,pr9ce's meanness & dirt9ess2 ,h>pagon 9 an o/l]'s jacket1 he calls him1 en s\qu5ille4 ,b to dwell on all ?is is to =get t ! great ,cond1 ev5 9 8 ugly old age1 0 halo$ by ! glory ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ soldi] ( ! _w4 ,x 0 a privilege1 ev5 at ! end1 to be admitt$ to 8 intimacy1 & ,i believe t we pity ,la ,bruyre m ?an he piti$ himself4 ,x sc&alizes ! biograph]s t ! ,pr9ce1 on "o occasion1 made ,la ,bruyre dance a pas seul be=e him1 twang+ a tune on ! guit>4 ,i suppose ,de ,qu9cey w\ld h be5 complaisant if ! ,duke ( ,well+ton _h ask$ him to :i/le ,home1 ,sweet ,home to him4 ,!re is a limit1 aft] all1 to ! mod]n !ory ( ! ,dignity ( ,lett]s4 ,val9c\rt says t ,all ! "t ,la ,bruyre liv$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,cond1 ev]ybody 0 always mak+ fun ( him4 ,possibly ! fe> ( appe>+ p$antic among all ^! p ( fa%ion & ^! t9sell$ flunkeys made him l5d himself to ridicule4 ,!y all teas$ & mock$ him1 ,i suppose1 b n1 ,i ?9k1 s z s]i\sly to hurt him1 & n[1 ) 8 book 9 our h&s1 ! laugh is on 8 side4 ,= :5 we exam9e c>efully we see t 8 position 9 ! ,h\se ( ,cond improv$ z "t w5t on4 ,he got rid ( 8 rivals1 ! o!r tutors2 :5 ! ,gr& ,cond di$1 ,la ,bruyre got rid ( 8 dreadful pupil z well4 ,we f9d him no long] prcepteur1 b g5tilhomme de ,m4 le ,duc1--no long]1 t is1 a m]e s*ola/ic drudge1 b a sort ( "l-9-wait+4 ,he _h probably a l>ge increase ( sal>y1 s9ce 9 #afhg he seems to h resign$ 8 *>ge at ,ca54 ,in/ead ( be+ p9n$ to ! d>k ap>tm5t 9 ! recesses ( ! ,cit1 he n[ revolv$ 9 ceaseless movem5t betwe5 ,*antilly & ,fonta9ebleau1 ,p>is & ,v]sailles4 ,he became a sort ( confid5tial read] to ! ,duke & ,du*ess1 an ess5tial "p ( ! suite4 ,aft] ! fir/ ye>s1 he _h a great deal ( leisure4 ,he c\ld retire to ! security ( a h&somely furni%$ ap>tm5t--uphol/]$ 9 gre5--on ! second floor ( ! ,htel de ,cond1 opposite ! ,luxemb\rg1 & he _h ano!r set ( rooms at ,v]sailles4 ,! bondage became1 ,i expect1 no real bondage at all4 ,b :y _h he1 s long completely 8 own ma/]1 cons5t$ to become ! s]vant ev5 ( fam\s ,royal pr9ces8 ,i ?9k t z mo!rs accept irksome situations = ! support ( _! *ildr51 s ,la ,bruyre became ! s]f ( ! ,conds = ! sake ( 8 book4 ,= x is n[ "t to reveal ! fact t 9 ?is app>5tly li/less1 empty life !re 0 "o absorb+ secret int]e/4 ,?is 0 ! collection ( ! maxims1 reflections1 pictures1 & :at n :i* he _h be5 quietly absorb+ & turn+ into ! honey ( m & m exquisite prose ev] s9ce 8 e>ly y\?4 ,i ?9k t ,la ,bruyre delib]ately accept$ all t might prove irksome 9 ! captivity to ! ,h\se ( ,cond = ! sole sake ( 8 book4 ,he ne$$ to see m types1 & types ( a m brilliant & effective k9d ?an he c\ld become famili> ) 9 8 m$iocre condition4 ,he knew all t 0 to be kn[n ab\t ! artizans & ! %opkeep]s ( ! ,cit2 he want$ to exam9e ! rul]s ( society1 & :ile he wat*$ !m l a naturali/1 !y might make :at contortions !y pleas$4 ,h[ did "o ( 8 contempor>ies describe him8 ,:5 ,mnippe leaves 8 home1 x is = ! purpose ( /udy+ ! attitudes ( ! :ole human race & ( pa9t+ !m f ! life4 ,b he is n m]ely a portrait-pa9t]1 he is an anatomi/ z well4 ,d y see t va9 & arrogant fell[ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 good =tune8 ,he is en*ant$ to ?9k ,mnippe is admir+ him4 ,:at a mi/ake6 ,at ?is v mom5t ,mnippe is dissect+ him & prep>+ him z a specim5 = a public lecture 9 ! s*ools4 ,n a ve91 n a fibre w escape him1 & f t man's he>t he w draw ! inmo/ spr+s ( passion & expose ! circulation ( e vice4 ,x is "t1 h[ev]1 to pres5t ! fam\s book 9 :i* all ^! inve/igations 7 not$1 ! cab9et :]e all ^! butt]flies & less beautiful insect-=ms 7 exhibit$4 ,! f9al title ( x is ,*>act]s2 or1 ! ,mann]s ( ?is ,age4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ,janu>y #afhh1 b1 z is believ$1 _h be5 begun ne>ly ?irty ye>s e>li]1 & sl[ly f9i%$1 ! f9al revision & arrangem5t dat+ f #afhf & #afhg4 ,! book1 l s _m ( ! _w's ma/]pieces1 is %ort1 & a fa%ionable noveli/ ( to-day c\ld scribble 9 a =tnight z _m words z x conta9s4 ,b !re is n a c>eless phrase nor a hurri$ l9e 9 ! :ole ( x4 ,i d n "k 9 ! range ( lit]ature a book m delib]ately exquisite ?an ! ,c>actres4 ,x />t$1 probably1 ) ! jott+ d[n ( social rem>ks at long int]vals4 ,!n1 ,i ?9k1 ,la ,bruyre1 always extremely fa/idi\s1 obs]v$ t ! =m ( 8 writ+ 0 gr[+ to resemble too mu* t ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 & s he began to div]sify x ) portraits4 ,^! _h be5 9 fa%ion 9 ,p>is = m ?an a g5]ation1 b ,la ,bruyre inv5t$ a new k9d ( portrait4 ,he says1 on ! v fir/ page ( ! ,c>actres1 y make a book z y make a clock2 he ought to h said1 ,i make my book1 = no o!r "w is q s clock-l 9 its v>iety ( p>ts1 its elaborate me*anism1 & its air ( hav+ be5 con/ruct$ at diff]5t times1 9 poli%$ fragm5ts1 :i* h ne$$ ! mo/ workmanlike +5uity to fit !m toge!r into an in/rum5t t moves &1 r+s4 ,:at p]haps /rikes u mo/1 :5 we put d[n ! ,c>actres aft] a close re-p]usal ( "o ( ! mo/ readable books 9 all lit]ature1 is its extraord9>y su/a9$ vitality4 ,x hums & buzzes 9 our memory long aft] we h turn$ ! la/ page4 ,we may exp& ! au?or's own mage1 & comp>e x1 n ) a clock1 b ) a wat*mak]'s %op2 x is all alive ) ! tick-tick ( a doz5 *ronomet]s4 ,la ,bruyre's obs]vations are not$ 9 a mann] t is disjo9t$1 app>5tly ev5 disord]$1 b x 0 no "p ( 8 s*eme to pres5t 8 maxims 9 a sy/em4 ,we %all f9d t he 0 incessantly improv+ 8 "w1 revis+1 ext5d+ & weigh+ x4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? timid m5 :o surprise u by _! crafty intrepidity4 ,x 0 dang]\s to publi% s>ca/ic portraits ( well-kn[n influ5tial p1 & !re are few ( ^! 9 ! fir/ edition1 b :5 ! success ( ! book 0 once confirm$ ^! 7 made m & m prom95t4 ,x 0 n until ! eigh? edition1 ( #afid1 t ,la ,bruyre v5tur$ to pr9t ! foll[+ /udy ( "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial m5 ( lett]s ( t day4 ,font5elle-- ,,! ,,portrait ,,( ,,cydias ,ascange is a sculptor1 ,hegion a bronze-f\nd]2 s*9e a full]1 & ,cydias a wit--t is 8 pr(ession4 ,he has a signbo>d1 a work%op1 f9i%$ articles = sale1 me*anics :o "w "u him4 ,he _c deliv] = m ?an a mon? ! /anzas :i* he has promis$ y1 unless he breaks 8 ^w to ,dosi?e1 :o has ord]$ an elegy f him4 ,he has an idyl on ! loom2 x is = ,crantor1 :o is hurry+ him1 & f :om he expects a h&some price4 ,prose1 v]se1 :i* d y want8 ,he is equally successful ) ei!r4 ,ask him = lett]s to sympa?ize ) a b]eavem5t or to expla9 an abs5ce1 & he w und]take !m4 ,if y want !m ready-made1 y h only to ent] 8 %op1 & to *oose :at y l4 ,he has a fri5d ^: only duty ^u ?is e>? is to promise ,cydias a long "t ahead to a c]ta9 set ( p1 & !n to pres5t him at la/ 9 _! h\ses z a man ( r>e & exquisite conv]sation2 &1 !re1 j z a musician s+s or a lute-play] t\*es 8 lute be=e ! p :o h engag$ him1 ,cydias1 aft] hav+ c\gh$1 & lift$ ! ruffle f 8 wri/1 /ret*$ out 8 h& & op5$ 8 f+]s1 beg9s to retail 8 qu9tess5tial ?\ghts & 8 sophi/ical argum5ts4444 ,he op5s 8 m\? only to contradict4 ',x seems to me1' he gracefully says1 't ! tru? is exactly ! contr>y ( :at y say1' or ',i _c agree ) y\r op9ion1' or ev5 't us$ to be my prepossession1 z x is y\rs1 b n[----6' ,! idol ( ! gossips1 ! prettie/ p$ant 9 ! _w1 0 ?us paid out = 8 intrigues aga9/ ,la ,bruyre 9 ! ,fr5* ,academy4#ac ,footnote #ac3 ,! contempor>y keys1 :i* 7 g5]ally ill-in=m$ & ill-=m+1 said t ,cydias 0 ,p]rault4 ,b x is almo/ c]ta9 t ,font5elle 0 meant4 ,m4,a4 ,*assang has br\ght toge!r a =midable li/ ( ,font5elle's activity4 ,he wrote = ,?omas ,corneille "p ( ,psy* 7#afgh7 & ( ,bell]ophon 7#afgi72 = ,donneau le ,vis ! com$y ( ,la ,comte 7#afha72 = ,beauval ! loge on ,p]rault 7#afhh72 = ,ca!r9e ,b]n>d "p ( h] trag$y ( ,brutus 7#afia71 a disc\rse = ! prize ( eloqu5ce giv5 by ! ,fr5* ,academy1 & sign$ by ,brunel 7#afie72 & "p ( ,l',analyse des inf9im5ts petits = ! ,m>quis de l',hpital 7#afif74 ,?is is m]ely "p ( ! "w turn$ out ( ,font5elle's factory be=e ! dea? ( ,la ,bruyre4 ,ano!r c&idate = ! type ( ,cydias is ,font5elle's uncle1 ,?omas ,corneille 7#afbe-agji74 ,!re 0 great dang]1 or s x w\ld seem to a timid man l ,la ,bruyre1 9 affront+ public op9ion ) a book s full ( s>casm & repro(1 s unfl9*+ 9 its way ( deal+ ) success1 z ! ,c>actres4 ,he adopt$ a s+ul> mode ( self-protection4 ,t 0 ! day ( ! mighty dispute betwe5 ! ,anci5ts & ! ,mod]ns1 & ,la ,bruyre1 at all ev5ts o/5sibly1 took ! highly respectable side ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,!re _h liv$ a philosoph] 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 ,!ophra/us1 ! successor & elucidator ( ,ari/otle1 :o left a book ( ,e?ical ,*>act]s 7,greek3 ,h,thikoi *>aktres71 :i* _h be5 introduc$ to ! ,we/]n _w by ,casaubon at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,= "s reason or o!r1 ! greate/ impression _h be5 made by ,!ophra/us 9 ,engl&1 :]e !re appe>$ a l>ge numb] ( successive imitations or p>aphrases ( 8 ,*>act]s4 ,9 ,france1 on ! o!r h&1 ,!ophra/us 0 /ill unkn[n to ! vulg>1 :5 ,la ,bruyre took him up4 ,x seems likely t 8 own collection ( portraits & maxims 0 practically f9i%$1 :51 z ,m4 ,paul ,morillot has put x1 he det]m9$ to hoi/ ! ,greek flag z a safegu>d4 ,he made a ,fr5* translation ( ! sket*es ( ,!ophra/us1 & he put ?is at ! head ( 8 book1 wav+ x to keep (f ! public1 z a lady unfurls h] p>asol at a c[ ^: int5tions are unc]ta94 ,! evid5ces ( ,la ,bruyre's extreme caution are amus+4 ,he hesitat$ long1 b 9 #afhg he submitt$ 8 ,,ms4 to ,boileau1 :o 0 highly enc\rag+1 & to ! poet-ma!matician1 ,malizian1 :o said1 ,?is w br+ y pl5ty ( read]s & pl5ty ( enemies4 ,f9ally he det]m9$ to risk ! dive1 & he took ! book to ,mi*allet1 ! publi%]1 say+ z he did s1 ,if x is successful1 ! result %all be y\r daught]'s d[ry1 ! said daught] be+ a little *ild :o 0 !n seat$ on ,la ,bruyre's knee4 ,! ultimate success ( ! book be+ prodigi\s1 ,mlle ,mi*allet mu/1 by ! "t %e 0 m>riageable1 h become a rem>kable p>ti1 b ! /ory is n "o :i* comm5ds itself to ! ,incorporat$ ,society ( ,au?ors4 ,les ,c>actres 0 publi%$ 9 ,janu>y #afhh1 & ! critics1 ) ! vet]an ,bussy-,rabut9 at _! head1 welcom$ x ) %\ts ( applause4 ,bussy frankly said1 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t hav+ prov$ ! m]it ( ,!ophra/us by 8 translation1 he has obscur$ ! fame ( t writ] by :at he has done next1 = he has p5etrat$1 9 8 own portraits1 deep] into ! he>t ( man ?an ,!ophra/us did1 & has p5etrat$ ) ev5 great] delicacy & by means ( m exquisite language4 ,?is mu/ h be5 v gratify+ f ! survivor ( ! great s*ool ( ,malh]be & ,balzac4 ,at ! age ( =ty-?ree1 !n1 previ\sly unkn[n 9 ! _w ( lett]s1 ?is %y & obscure g5tleman-9-wait+ to ! ,pr9ces ( ,cond1 rose into fame1 & enjoy$ ! admiration or ! envy ( :atev] 0 mo/ prom95t 9 ,p>is4 ,! public :i* he address$ 0 "o :i* we may pause a mom5t to contemplate4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,academic & noble salons 0 practically at an end1 & intellectual culture _h spread to a some:at wid] circle4 ,^? :o gov]n$ ta/e _h ?r[n (f _m affectations ( a previ\s g5]ation1 & 9 p>ticul> ! curi\s disease ( preci\sness4 ,!y 7 heal?i]1 sob]] & slightly less amus+ ?an _! =]unn]s4 ,b !y =m$1 9 ! he>t ( ,p>is1 ! mo/ compact body ( g5]al intellig5ce to be met ) at t "t 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,!y 7 c]ta91 9 _! little sph]e1 ( _! /hetic & logical aims4 ,!y 7 ! fl[] ( an int5se civilization1 v limit$1 9 a way v simple2 s f> z ! adoption ( out] impulses w5t1 v inactive1 & yet )9 its own range en]getic1 elegant & audaci\s4 ,to ?is _w ! ,c>actres 0 n[ (f]$1 mode/ly1 z ?\gh x 7 a summ+ up ( ! moralizations ( ! la/ fifty ye>s4 ,! au?or beg9s by deprecat+ ! idea t he has any?+ new to imp>t4 ,8 trick is r subtle2 he conc5trates our att5tion on ! say+s ( an anci5t ,ari/otelian philosoph]1 & !n1 z if to fill up ! "t1 he v5tures to repeat a few reflexions ( 8 own4 ,^! he introduces ) ! words3 ,ev]y?+ has be5 said1 & we arrive too late into a _w ( m5 :o h be5 ?9k+ = m ?an sev5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 ! field ( morals1 all t is faire/ & be/ has be5 reap$ already2 we c b glean among ! anci5ts & among ! clev]e/ ( ! mod]ns4 ,9 ?is ins9uat+ mann]1 he leads ! read] on to ! p]usal ( 8 own "p ( ! book1 & soon we become aw>e h[ cold & dry & pale ! ,greek translation seems beside ! ri* & palpitat+ _w ( ! new ,fr5* morality4 ,:e!r he p]ceiv$ x or n--& ,i = "o am conv9c$ t he did p]ceive x--,la ,bruyre introduc$ a new ?+ into ,fr5* lit]ature2 he op5$ out1 we may almo/ say1 a new _w4 ,! classical attitude ( ! great age _h produc$ spl5did manife/ations ( ?\ght & =m4 ,h[ev] revolution>y x pleases u ( #aiah to be1 we _c get away f ! p]fection ( ! age ( ,bossuet & ,rac9e & ,la ,fonta9e & ,fnelon4 ,we come back to ^! solid & passionate writ]s aft] ea* "o ( our romantic excursions1 n entirely satisfi$ ) !m1 z our =efa!rs 71 b ) a s5se ( _! solid glory1 ) a confid5ce 9 _! p]man5t value 9 /imulat+ & support+ human ef=t4 ,!y may n give u all t !y 7 once presum$ to give1 b !y (f] u a firm basis2 !y are always !re = ! imag9ation to />t f4 ,we mu/ n =get1 ( c\rse1 t 9 #afhh 9 ,p>is ^! classics ( ! h\r repres5t$ a great deal m ?an t2 _! pre/ige 0 unt>ni%$4 ,!y s completely out%one1 9 cultivat$ op9ion1 all else t _h be5 produc$ s9ce ! ,*ri/ian era1 t ! ,italy ( ,dante1 ! ,spa9 ( ,c]vantes1 & ! ,engl& ( ,%akespe>e did n s mu* z exi/4 ,if ! intellig5ce 0 n satisfi$ by ,desc>tes1 well6 !re 0 no?+ = x b to g back to ,plato1 & if ,rac9e did n suffici5tly r\se ! passions1 !y mu/ be work$ ^u by ,sophocles4 ,9 all ?is1 ! div9es took a p>ticul>ly prom95t place because !y alone pres5t$ some?+ = :i* no def9ite p>allel c\ld be f\nd 9 antiquity4 ,x 0 ! great !ologians ( ! age ) :om ,la ,bruyre *iefly compet$4 ,^! !ologians 7 !mselves arti/s to a degree :i* we h n[ a difficulty 9 realiz+1 al?\gh 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& also _h "s great arti/s 9 h] pulpits4 ,if ,j]emy ,taylor _h be5 a ,fr5*man1 ! "w ( ,la ,bruyre might h be5 diff]5t4 ,b ! ,fr5* orators lack$ ! spl5d\r & oddity ( ! au?or ( ,! ,great ,exempl>1 & we c feel t ,la ,bruyre1 :o 0 in/9ct ) ! ne$ = col\r1 0 dissatisfi$ ) ! broad outl9es & masses ( "* = :i* ! ,fr5* div9es 7 fam\s2 inde$1 ev5 ,bossuet1 to an ,engli% read] fre% f ,full] & ,taylor1 seems ) all 8 magnific5ce too ab/ract & too rhetorical4 ,la ,bruyre det]m9$ to be less exact+ & yet m exact2 he w\ld s9k to describ+ emotions less trem5d\s & to design+ figures ( m trifl+ value1 b he w\ld pa9t !m ) a vivid detail hi!rto unsolicit$4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ! public in/antly respond$ to 8 appeal1 & we h cont9u$ to contemplate ) rev]5ce ,bossuet's huge hi/orical outl9es1 b to turn = %e] pleasure to ,la ,bruyre's f9i%$ et*+s ( ! tulipomaniac & ! collector ( engrav+s4 ,ev]yone :o approa*es an analysis ( ! ,c>actres is oblig$ to pause to comm5d ! /yle ( ,la ,bruyre4 ,x is inde$ exquisite4 ,at ! "t 8 book 0 publi%$ our own ,john ,locke 0 putt+ toge!r 8 fam\s ,?\ghts on ,education1 & he rem>k$ on ! policy ( ! ,fr5*1 :o 7 n ?9k+ x b5ea? ! public c>e to promote & rew>d ! improvem5t ( _! own language4 ,poli%+ & enri*+ _! tongue1 s ,locke proce$s1 is no small bus9ess among/ !m4 ,x is p]haps n extravagant to believe t 9 writ+ ^! words ! ,engli% philosoph] 0 ?9k+ ( ! new ,p>isian morali/4 ,= ,la ,bruyre 0 a great arti/1 :o und]/ood ! moral value ( =m 9 a degree :i* w\ld peculi>ly comm5d itself to ! lucid m9d ( ,locke4 ,he says1 e>ly 9 8 book1 ,among all ! diff]5t expressions :i* c r5d] a s+le "o ( our ?\ghts1 !re is only "o :i* is "r4 ,we d n always hit ^u x 9 speak+ or compos+2 nev]!less x is a fact t some:]e x exi/s1 & ev]y?+ else is feeble & does n satisfy a man ( intellig5ce :o desires to be und]/ood4 ,?is se>* = ! "o & only p]fect expression 0 an unfail+ passion ) ,la ,bruyre4 ,9 ano!r place he says3 ,! au?or :o only consid]s ! ta/e ( 8 own age is ?9k+ m ( himself ?an ( 8 writ+s4 ,we ought always to be /riv+ aft] p]fection1 & !n po/]ity w r5d] u t ju/ice :i* is sometimes refus$ to u by our contempor>ies4 ,?is is an ideal to :i* ,locke1 anxi\s to make disciples by 8 regul> & sometimes racy use ( language1 nev] atta9$4 ,la ,bruyre1 :o did n address ! pass+ age1 s poli%$ 8 p]iods t all successive g5]ations h hail$ him z "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( prose4 ,voltaire's def9ition ( ! /yle ( ,la ,bruyre is well kn[n1 b _c too (t5 be repeat$4 ,he calls x a rapid1 concise1 n]v\s /yle1 ) picturesque expressions1 a :olly novel use ( ! ,fr5* language1 yet ) no infr+em5t ( its rules4 ,=tunately1 ) all 8 admiration ( o!rs--& 8 great *apt] ,des ,ouvrages de l',esprit is "o ( ! mo/ g5]\s & ca?olic examples ( curr5t criticism :i* we possess 9 all lit]ature--) 8 mode/ & gl[+ appreciation ( 8 fam\s pr$ecessors1 he did n attempt to imitate !m 9 ! gr& mann]4 ,we are able to p]ceive t ,bossuet1 :o 0 ne>ly tw5ty ye>s 8 s5ior1 to :om he ow$ 8 advancem5t 9 life1 ^: maje/ic g5ius & pr9cely pre/ige 7 s well adapt$ to dazzle ,la ,bruyre1 rema9$ 8 indefatigable patron & probably 8 close/ fri5d4 ,b we d n f9d 9 ,la ,bruyre a trace ( imitation ( ! great prea*] :om he lov$ & hon\r$4 ,if we ?9k :at ! au?ority ( ,bossuet _h come to be at ! "t :5 ! ,c>actres 0 publi%$1 h[ h>dly its evangelical sci5ce press$ ^u ! convictions ( all ,fr5*m51 & p>ticul>ly ^u ^? ( m5 :o accept$ x z unque/ionably z did ! au?or ( t book1 t !re %\ld be no trace ( ,bossuet on 8 /yle is a great tribute to ! orig9ality ( ,la ,bruyre4 ,!re is no pleasure )\t v>iety1 ?is same mighty ,bossuet _h writt5 9 #afgj1 & 8 "y fri5d _h tak5 ! axiom to he>t4 ,we f9d him pursu+ almo/ beyond ! b\nds ( good ta/e ! se>* = v>iety ( mann]4 ,he has /range sudd5 turns ( ?\ght1 />tl+ addresses1 inv]sions :i* we %\ld blame z viol5t1 if !y 7 n s em95tly successful t we adopt !m at once1 z we d ,%akespe>e's4 ,la ,bruyre passes f my/]i\s ironies to bold & co>se invective1 f ornate & sublime reflections to phrases ( a rogui% simplicity4 ,he sudd5ly drops 8 voice to a %udd]+ :isp]1 & ! next mom5t is flut+ l a blackbird4 ,! gaiety ) :i* he mocks ! ambitions ( ! ri* is sudd5ly reliev$ by ! dreadful calm ) :i* he reveals ! horror ( _! disappo9tm5ts4 ,he is nev] 9 ! same mood1 or adopt+ ! same tone1 = two pages runn+4 ,x is difficult 9 a translation to give an idea ( ! surpris+ elem5t 9 8 /yle1 b some?+ ( its oddity may be pres]v$ 9 su* an attempt z ?is-- ,!re are creatures ( ,god :om we call m51 :o h a s\l :i* is intellig5ce1 & ^: :ole life is sp5t & ^: :ole att5tion is c5tr$ 9 ! saw+ ( m>ble4 ,?is is a v simple1 a v little ?+4 ,!re are o!rs :o are amaz$ at ?is1 b :o !mselves are utt]ly useless1 & :o sp5d _! days 9 do+ no?+ at all4 ,?is is a /ill small] ?+ ?an saw+ m>ble4 ,engli% prose1 :i* a c5tury e>li] _h limp$ s f> beh9d ,fr5* 9 cle>ness & concis5ess1 0 rapidly cat*+ its rival up1 & 9 ! next g5]ation 0 to run abrea/ ) x4 ,b if we wi% to see h[ f> beh9d ! be/ ,fr5* writ]s our own be/ /ill 71 we ne$ b comp>e ! exquisite spe$ & ela/icity ( ! ,c>actres ) ! comp>ative heav9ess & sl[ness ( a fam\s ,!ophra/ian essay publi%$ 9 ! same ye>1 #afhh1 namely ! ,"* ( a ,trimm]4 ,9 ! *>act]i/ics ( a lively prose arti/1 we %all h to confess ,la ,bruyre ne>] to ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son ?an to 8 own imm$iate contempor>y1 ,"l ,halifax4 ,! surface ( ,la ,bruyre's writ+ is crisp & p>*$1 b x is easy by c>eful read+ to crack x1 & to discov] ! coolness1 ! s(tness1 ! salut>y humidity :i* lie b5ea? ! satirical cru/ ( 8 irony4 ,he is prim>ily a satiri/1 deal+ z he says ) ! vices ( ! human m9d & ! subt]fuges ( human self-deception4 ,he lays b>e ! s5tim5ts & ! movem5ts ( m51 expos+ ! pr9ciples :i* actuate _! malice & _! frailty2 he aims at %[+ t su* is ! native evil implant$ 9 _! s\ls t no "o %\ld any long] be surpris$ at ! ?\s&s ( vici\s or frivol\s actions ) :i* _! lives are cr[d$4 ,we note him at fir/ z entirely devot$ to ^! pa9ful inve/igations1 & we are apt to conf\nd 8 attitude ) t ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ! we>y ,titan1 :o sighs contemptu\sly z he holds up to c5sure ! globe ( human am\r-propre4 ,b we d n beg9 to und]/& ! attitude ( ,la ,bruyre until we notice t !re always is1 9 ! popul> phrase1 m 9 him ?an meets ! eye4 ,he is inde$ a satiri/1 b n ( ! pr(\nd ord] ( ! ,timons ( ! m9d2 8 satire is sup]ficial1 & "u x !re fl[s a l5i5t curiosity m+l$ ) a sympa?y t fe>s to be detect$4 ,!re is a note ( sadness1 a my/]i\s melan*oly1 :i* frequ5tly recurs 9 ! ,c>actres1 & ?is produces a con/ant v>iety 9 its appeal to ! feel+s4 ,we f9d ! au?or amus+ himself by detail+ ! weaknesses ( 8 fell[-be+s1 b ! ent]ta9m5t !y (f] him soon leaves him dissatisfi$ & sad4 ,he is ov]he>d to sigh1 he is se5 to %ake 8 head1 z he turns 8 cle> eyes away f ! self-humiliation ( m54 ,!re is no?+ ( ?is 9 ! h>d sup]iority ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 & "o ( ! mo/ important ?+s :i* we h to note is ! advance 9 feel+ :i* ! lat] morali/ makes1 9 spite ( 8 extremely unpret5ti\s attitude4 ,la ,bruyre atta9s to a reason$ tol]ance :i* nei!r 8 imm$iate pr$ecessor nor ,pascal nor ,bossuet rea*$ or _h ! lea/ wi% to rea*4 ,9 him we meet1 n commonly nor prom95tly pres5t$1 b q pla9ly en\gh1 ! mod]n virtue ( indulg5ce1 ( tol]ance4 ,"h is a passage :i* c\ld sc>cely h be5 writt5 by any o!r morali/ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury3-- ,x is useless to fly into a passion ) human be+s because ( _! h>%ness1 _! inju/ice1 _! pride1 _! self-love & _! =getfulness ( o!rs4 ,!y are made s1 x is _! nature1 & to be angry ab\t x is to be angry ) ! /one = fall+ or ) ! flame = ris+4 ,"h is ! voice ( ! man :o _h liv$ & :o 0 /ill liv+ 9 ! h\se ( t ,pr9ce de ,cond ( :om ,sa9t ,simon said t1 ,a p]nici\s neighb\r1 he made ev]ybody mis]able ) :om he _h to d4 ,i l to imag9e ,la ,bruyre escap+ f "s dreadful sc5e :]e ,h5ry ,jules _h injur$ 8 dep5dants & insult$ 8 famili>s1 or _h drawn out 9 public ! wor/ qualities ( 8 son1 incapable ( affection & only too capable ( hatr$4 ,i imag9e him escap+ f ! viol5ce & meanness ( ^? intol]able tyrants up into ! asylum ( 8 own hu%$ ap>tm5t at ,v]sailles2 !re fl++ himself d[n = a mom5t 9 ! alcove1 on ! pa9t$ b$/ead1 !n pres5tly ris+1 ) a smile on 8 lips & ! fright & ang] gone out ( 8 eyes1 & advanc+ to ! great oak5 bureau :i* display$ 8 fai5ce & 8 guit>4 ,he w\ld glance1 = enc\ragem5t1 at ! fram$ portrait ( ,bossuet :i* 0 ! pr9cipal ornam5t ( ! wall above x1 & !n1 li/5+ a mom5t to be sure t he 0 safe f di/urbance1 he w\ld unlock "o ( ! ?ree draw]s1 & take out ! little portfolio 9 :i* = ye>s & ye>s he _h be5 /or+ up 8 obs]vations ^u society & 8 consolations 9 affliction4 ,pres5tly1 ) inf9ite delib]ation & mo/ fa/idi\s *oice ( ! faultless phrase & s+le available ^w1 he w\ld pa9t ! ,holbe9 portrait ( "o ( ! prodigi\s creatures :om he _h j se5 9 action1 "s erratic1 brilliant & hateful ornam5t ( society su* z ! ,duke de ,lauzun1 & ! picture ( ,/raton w\ld be add$ to 8 gall]y3-- ,/raton 0 born "u two />s2 unlucky1 lucky 9 ! same degree4 ,8 life is a romance3 no1 = x lacks probability4 ,he has _h beautiful dreams1 he has bad ones3 :at am ,i say+8 p don't dream z he has liv$4 ,no "o has ev] extract$ out ( a de/9y m ?an he has4 ,! prepo/]\s & ! commonplace are equally famili> to him4 ,he has %one1 he has suff]$1 he has dragg$ along a humdrum exi/5ce3 no?+ has escap$ him4444 ,he is an enigma1 a riddle t c probably be nev] solv$4 ,la ,bruyre aim$ at ! improvem5t ( human nature4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld _h said1 ,don't be ridicul\s--a blatant love ( self is ! only spr+ ( y\r be+4 ,pascal1 less haughty b m ov]:elm+1 _h said1 ,insect t y are1 doom$ to damnation1 cease to /rive aga9/ y\r own mis]able impot5ce4 ,la ,bruyre's tea*+ 0 n s def9ite1 p>tly because 8 intellect 0 n s sy/ematic z !irs1 b p>tly because he 0 m human ?an ei!r1 human ) m ?an a t\* ( ! mod]n democratic humanity4 ,8 attitude 0 ! easi] "o impli$ 9 ! s5se t !re is s mu* t's good 9 ! wor/ ( u1 & s mu* t's bad 9 ! be/ ( u t !re is room1 ev5 among morali/s1 = an inf9ite indulg5ce4 ,8 01 on ! :ole1 & acc\nt+ = "s flutt]+ ( ! n]ves1 a v tranquil _s4 ,he is mu* less =mal & me*anical ?an ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 & he seems to /udy m5 ) less dep5d5ce on a !ory4 ,8 own /atem5t %\ld n be ov]look$2 he says1 v pla9ly1 t he desir$ above all ?+s to make m5 live bett] lives4 ,boileau said t ! /yle ( ,la ,bruyre 0 prophetic1 & ,i d n "k t any "o has attempt$ to expla9 ?is r curi\s phrase4 ,b we may adopt x 9 ! light ( m ?an two c5turies :i* 7 unkn[n to ,boileau4 ,m ?an any o!r writ] ( ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ,la ,bruyre prophesi$ ( a good "t com+4 ,he did n speak out v pla9ly1 b x is ! privilege ( prophets to be obscure1 & _! pr$ictions are commonly n compreh5sible until aft] ! ev5t4 ,b we may claim = ,la ,bruyre ! praise ( be+ a great civiliz] ( ,fr5* ?\ght2 m ?an t1 he wid5$ human social intellig5ce ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,he is ! direct ance/or ( ! ,fr5*man ( to-day :o obs]ves closely & cle>ly1 :o has ! p[] to def9e :at he sees1 & :o reta9s ! col\r & movem5t ( x4 ,to ?is day1 z may be amply se5 9 ! records & episodes ( ! w>1 9 ! correspond5ce ( (fic]s at ! front1 9 ! g5]al intellectual conduct ( ! conte/1 ,fr5*m5 r>ely exp]i5ce a difficulty 9 f9d+ ! exact ^w !y want4 ,^! m5 :o arre/ = our pleasure an impression1 :o rebuild be=e u ! fabric ( _! exp]i5ce1 desc5d 9 direct l9e f ,la ,bruyre4 ,x 0 he :o taught _! nation to seize ! attitude & to photograph ! ge/ure4 ,la ,bruyre's express aim is to cl>ify our m9ds1 to make u ?9k lucidly & 9 consequ5ce speak ) precision4 ,we h already se5 :at value he sets on ! "r ^w 9 ! "r place4 ,he is ! enemy ( all ^? :o %amble along 9 ! supposition t an inaccurate phrase w d well en\gh1 & t any slip%od def9ition is excus$ by our say+1 ,oh1 y "k :at ,i mean6 ,8 own /yle is f9i%$ up to ! highe/ po9t1 & x is bright5$ & v>i$ ) su* skill t ! au?or nev] ceases to hold ! att5tion ( ! read]4 ,he rea*es ! v ideal ( t elegant w&]+ art ( writ+ :i* ! ,lat9s call$ s]mo p$e/ris4 ,inde$1 he gives s mu* att5tion to ! p]fect mode ( say+ ?+s t "s critics h br\ght x z a *>ge aga9/ him t he ov]does x1 t 9 fact 8 /yle is m weighty ?an 8 subject4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is a v ha/y judgm5t1 f\nd$ a little1 no d\bt1 ^u a c]ta9 dread on ,la ,bruyre's "p ( be+ commonplace4 ,he 0 deal+1 z e morali/ is b\nd to deal1 ) ideas ( a m or less primitive "*1 to :i* sp>kle & =ce mu/ be giv5 by illu/rative examples4 ,^! examples gave him 8 great *ance1 & he built !m up1 ^? exempl>y portraits ( 81 ) inf9ite lab\r1 accumulat+ details to make a type1 & sometimes1 x is possible1 accumulat+ too _m4 ,! result is t ! ,c>actres are sometimes a little lab\r$2 ,i d n "k any o!r fault t c be laid to _! *>ge4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important qualities ( ,la ,bruyre 0 t he prep>$ ! popul> m9d = lib]ty4 ,he is democratic 9 _m ways1 9 8 language1 :]e he (t5 borr[s words f ! patois ( ! common p2 9 8 exposure ( ! errors ( ! anci5 rgime1 its tyranny1 its selfi%ness1 its want ( humanity & imag9ation2 9 8 hatr$ ( weal?1 ! sc&al\s triumph ( :i* _h already rea*$ a pit* :i* ! next g5]ation 0 to see outdone4 ,9 all ?is1 z _c be too (t5 insi/$ ^u1 x 0 ess5tial = a re=m] to be prud5t4 ,! ,p _h no voice1 & t _! int]e/s %\ld be def5d$ 0 inconceivable4#ad ,9 ! next c5tury1 aft] ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv4 0 ov] & spee* _h1 9 a great measure1 become free1 x 0 n und]/ood h[ difficult x 0 "u ,l\is ,,xiv4 to express any criticism ( ! feudal ord]4 ,= in/ance1 !re is a long passage at ! end ( ! *apt] ,de la ,ville1 :i* sc&aliz$ ! political re=m]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x is t :i* beg9s1 ,! emp]ors nev] triumph$ 9 ,rome s s(tly1 s conv5i5tly1 or ev5 s successfully1 aga9/ w9d & ra91 du/ & sun%9e1 z ! citiz5 ( ,p>is kn[s h[ to d z he crosses ! city to-day 9 e direction4 ,h[ f> h we advanc$ beyond ! mule ( our ance/ors6 ,la ,bruyre 0 *>g$1 & ev5 by ,voltaire1 ) attack+ ! progress ( civilization1 & ) pref]r+ ! rude subt]fuges ( ,c>lov+ian times to ! com=ts ( #afhh4 ,b he 0 really mak+ an appeal = ?rift & mode/y ( exp5diture on ! "p ( ^? b\rgeois :o _h sudd5ly become ri*1 z a satiri/ ( our own day might d5\nce ! pomp ( a too successful %opkeep]1 )\t be+ accus$ ( d5y+ ! conv5i5ce ( motor-c>s or desir+ to /op ! progress ( sci5tific inv5tion4 ,footnote #ad3 ,p]haps ! e>lie/ ,fr5*man to h 8 full att5tion call$ to ! mis]ies ( ! poor1 0 ,vauban1 ^: b5evol5ce 0 an object ( amazem5t to 8 own contempor>ies4 ,sa9t-,simon notes t ,patriote comme il l'tait1 il avait t\te sa vie t t\* de la misre du peuple et de t\tes les vexations qu'il s\ffrait4 ,?is w\ld be p>ticul>ly ! case :5 ,vauban 0 writ+ ! ,projet d'une dixime royale1 f9i%$ 9 #afih4 ,la ,bruyre 0 ! fir/ effective morali/ :o realiz$ :at a mon/r\s disproportion exi/$ betwe5 ! =tune ( ! ri* & ( ! poor4#ae ,if we read ! *apt] ,des ,bi5s de ,=tune we may be a/oni%$ at 8 c\rage1 & we may see 9 him a direct precursor ( ! revolution :i* took a little m ?an a hundr$ ye>s to ga!r be=e x broke on ,france4 ,he describes ! great ( ! e>? ) a savage s]5ity1 & !n he adds1 ,su* p are nei!r relatives1 nor fri5ds1 nor citiz5s1 nor ,*ri/ians1 nor p]haps ev5 m54 ,!y h money4 ,!re are _m su* maxims 9 ! *apt] ,de l'homme :i* mu/ h set p's ?\ghts runn+ 9 *annels :i* _h be=e be5 :olly dry4 ,la ,bruyre 0 n a political re=m]1 & we mu/ n exagg]ate ! influ5ce ( 8 *>m+ book 9 ?is p>ticul> direction4 ,b1 z a popul> imag9ative writ]1 he took a long /ep 9 ! democratic direction4 ,fr5*m5 7 already t\*$ 9 _! consci5ces & beg9n+ to exam9e ! /ate ( _! s\ls ) anxiety2 b ! tea*]s ( ! ascetic revival _h be5 too uncompromis+4 ,ord9>y mortals c\ld n hope to rea* ! ascetic ideal ( ,port ,royal1 !y c\ld only be disc\rag$ by ! savage attacks on am\r-propre1 :ile 9 ! ,c>actres !y met ) a lay-prea*] :o 0 "o ( !mselves1 & :o did n disda9 to enc\rage moral ef=t4 ,footnote #ae3 ,! wond]ful passage 9 :i* ,la ,bruyre dwells on ! condition ( ! ,fr5* peasant ( 8 day m>ks a crisis 9 ! consci5ce ( ,europe4 ,x occurs 9 ! *apt] ,de l',homme3 ,we see c]ta9 wild animals1 male & female1 scatt]$ ov] ! fields1 black1 livid & scor*$ by ! sun1 fa/5$ to ! soil :i* !y delve & /ir ) an inv9cible ob/9acy2 !y h a sort ( articulate spee*1 & :5 !y /& up ^u _! feet1 !y %[ a c\nt5ance t is human3 & 9 %ort !y are human be+s4 ,!y creep back at nightfall into d5s1 :]e !y live on black bread1 wat] & roots4 ,!y sp>e ! re/ ( mank9d ! tr\ble ( s[+1 pl\gh+ & reap+ :at is requir$ = food1 & accord+ly !y seem to des]ve t !y %\ld !mselves n lack ! bread :i* !y h s[n4 ,& 9 ,des ,bi5s de ,=tune he says3 ,!re are sorr[s 9 ! _w t grip ! he>t1 !re are m5 & wom5 :o h no?+1 n ev5 bread1 :o %udd] at ! approa* ( w9t]1 :o h le>n$ ! significance ( life1 :ile o!rs eat fruit =c$ out ( due season1 & compel ! soil & ! seasons to indulge _! fa/idi\sness4 ,x 0 a great advantage to ,la ,bruyre1 & a sign ( 8 g5ius1 t he 0 able to desc5d f ! pulpit1 & walk ab\t among 8 read]s ) a smile1 recogniz+ !m z reasonable be+s4 ,he is p]suasive2 8 =]unn]s _h be5 d5unciatory4 ,he may be h>% & sometimes unju/1 b he is nev] contemptu\s to human nature4 ,he feels t he is address+ a wide public ( intellig5t m5 & wom51 :om he w\ld =tify aga9/ ! moral tyranny ( ! viol5t & ! ri*4 ,= ?is purpose1 ?\gh he w\ld tell !m _! faults1 he w\ld n %ut ! gates ( m]cy 9 _! faces4 ,b h[ admirably he himself puts x 9 8 *apt] ,des ,jugem5ts3-- ,a man ( tal5t & reputation1 if he all[s himself to be peevi% & c5sori\s1 sc>es "y p1 makes !m ?9k evil ( virtue1 & fright5s !m ) ! idea ( an excessive re=m & a tiresome /rictness ( conduct4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he proves easy to get on )1 he sets a practical lesson be=e !m1 s9ce he proves to !m t a man c live gaily & yet labori\sly1 & c hold s]i\s views )\t r5\nc+ hone/ pleasures2 s he becomes an example :i* !y f9d x possible to foll[4 ,:5 we look r\nd = an au?or ( high importance on :om ! influ5ce ( ,la ,bruyre 0 direct1 we f9d ! mo/ obvi\s to be an ,engli%man1 & our own en*ant+ ,mr4 ,spectator4 ,addison 0 born :5 ,la ,bruyre 0 tw5ty-sev52 :5 ! ,c>actres 0 publi%$ he 0 an und]graduate at ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 walk+ 9 m$itation "u ! elms beside ! ,*]well4 ,addison 0 n 9 ,france until ,la ,bruyre _h be5 "s mon?s dead2 !re c h be5 no p]sonal int]c\rse betwe5 !m2 b he /ay$ at ,blois = ov] twelve mon?s 9 #afii & #agjj1 & dur+ t "t he 0 mu* 9 company ) ! ,abb ,phlippeaux1 memb] ( t family ( fri5ds :o _h s effici5tly support$ ,la ,bruyre's c&idature to ! ,fr5* ,academy only six ye>s be=e4 ,i d n ?9k ?is fact has be5 not$1 b surely x is almo/ c]ta9 t 9 _! talks ab\t lit]ature ,phlippeaux mu/ h describ$ ,la ,bruyre to ,addison8 ,ano!r contributor to ! ,spectator1 ,eu/ace ,budgell1 translat$ ,!ophra/us & knew ,la ,bruyre's book4 ,dr4 ,johnson m5tions t ! ,fr5* morali/ is ! s\rce ( ,addison's ef=t1 b ,engli% critical op9ion !n1 & s9ce1 has held t ,la ,bruyre wrote )\t any ( ! e>ne/ness ( ! moral re=m]4 ,i h indicat$1 ,i hope1 ! ha/y error conta9$ 9 su* a judgm5t4 ,!re is "o po9t1 h[ev]1 on :i* x mu/ be admitt$ t ,addison %[s himself mu* 9 advance ( 8 ,fr5* precursor1 or r p]haps we %\ld consid] x a pro( ( ! advantage ( ,engli% society "u ,anne ov] ,fr5* society "u ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! delicacy & sympa?y ) :i* wom5 are treat$ 9 ! ,spectator has no p>allel 9 ! ,c>actres4 ,9 t volume1 ! *apt] ,des ,femmes is p]haps ! lea/ agreeable to a s5sible read] ( to-day4 ,x is cr[d$ ) types ( pret5ti\s & abnormal womanhood1 :i* x c>icatures v effectively4 ,addison _h manife/ly /udi$ x1 = "h we see ! orig9 ( 8 coquettes & prudes1 ) _! brocade petticoat :i* rises out ( ! m9es ( ,p]u1 & ! diamond necklace out ( ! b[els ( ,indo/an4 ,b :at we miss completely 9 ,la ,bruyre is t cordial recognition ( wom5 z ! prop] companions ( m5 & ! organiz]s ( intellig5t society :i* is s admirably su/a9$ 9 ! ,spectator4 ,x 0 ,addison1 & n ,la ,bruyre1 :o broke d[n once = all1 & f9ally1 ! monki% conception ( wom5 z ! betray]s ( ! human species1 :i* _h l+]$ on s dete/ably f ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! influ5ce ( ,la ,bruyre on ,/eele is app>5t1 & may h prec$$ t on ,addison4 ,we may obs]ve t ,/eele says1 9 ! g5]al preface to ! ,tatl]1 ! elegance1 purity & correctness :i* appe>$ 9 ,mr4 ,addison's writ+s 7 n s mu* to my purpose z444 to rally all ^? s+ul>ities ( human life1 ?r\gh ! diff]5t pr(essions & *>act]s 9 x1 :i* ob/ruct any?+ t is truly good & great1 ,! simil>ity ( expression "h is c]ta9ly n accid5tal2 ,la ,bruyre /ood be=e ,/eele z a model :5 he wrote1 = in/ance1 9 #agji1 ,mr4 ,isaac ,bick]/affs portraits ( ,*loe & ,cl>issa1 or ! lucubration on ,def]5ce to ,public ,op9ion4 ,:5 ,la ,bruyre di$1 ,/eele 0 already an au?or1 & :at is m1 a morali/4 ,x is impossible n to believe t he _h be5 read+ ! ,c>actres :5 x occurr$ to him t he might procure himself a mo/ exquisite pleasure1 by fram+ ,*>act]s ( ,dome/ic ,life4 ,! ladies may hold x to be an excuse = our ,fr5* morali/ t he 0 a confirm$ & imp5it5t ba*elor4 ,he ?\ght t m>riage en*a9$ a philosoph]1 & w\ld h said1 9 ! words ( ,rudy>d ,kipl+1 ,he ride? ! fa/] :o ride? alone1 ,boileau1 aft] a visit f ,la ,bruyre1 rem>k$ t nature _h n cons5t$ to make him s agreeable z he wi%$ to be4 ,x seems t he 0 %y & gau*e1 & t he /rove to conceal ^! defects by occasional outbur/s ( a dreadful playfulness4 ,!re are /ories ab\t 8 behavi\r 9 ! ,h\se ( ,cond1 :i* if !y are true seem to c>ry ecc5tricity beyond ! b\nds ( :at is p]mitt$ ev5 to a philosoph]4 ,nev]!less1 contempor>ies report t1 9 spite ( 8 pla9 features & 8 look ( a common soldi] 7a dreadful ?+ to say 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury71 ! ladies ran aft] him4 ,i am afraid t :5 !y did s1 he repuls$ !m4 ,he says ab\t love none ( ! *>m+ ?+s :i* he says ab\t fri5d%ip1 su* z ,to be ) ^? we are fond (1 t is en\gh2 to dream1 to speak to !m1 to say no?+ to !m1 to ?9k ab\t !m1 to ?9k ( indiff]5t ?+s1 b 9 _! pres5ce1--all is equally pleasant4 ,or ?is3 ,pure fri5d%ip has a flav\r :i* is beyond ! ta/e ( ^? :o are born m$iocre4 ,or aga94 ,!re ought to be1 deep d[n 9 ! he>t1 inexhau/ible wells ( sorr[ 9 read9ess = c]ta9 losses4 ,! t5d]ness ( su* ?\ghts z ^! may surely outweigh ! dryness ( ! portraits ( ,cor9ne & ,cl>ice4 ,! c>e] ( our morali/1 aft] ! publication ( 8 s+le book1 0 a %ort "o4 ,8 />tl+ success z a writ] irresi/ibly po9t$ him out z a c&idate = election to ! ,fr5* ,academy1 b "h he 0 met by ! b>b$ wire ( jeal\sy & exasp]at$ vanity4 ,he _h laugh$ at too _m pret5ti\s m&>9s to hope to escape _! res5tm5t4 ,at la/1 9 #afic1 b alas6 at ! exp5se ( a va/ deal ( intrigue on ! "p ( 8 illu/ri\s protectors1 he /orm$ t reluctant =tress4 ,9 8 ,reception ,disc\rse1 he rev5g$ himself on 8 enemies by fir+ volley aft] volley ( irony into _! ranks1 & ! augu/ body 0 beside itself ) rage4 ,no pomp\s ,academician1 = in/ance1 likes to he>1 9 ! solemn conclave ( 8 colleagues1 t he is s ,*ri/ian & s *>itable t writ+ well may be said to be among ! lea/ ( 8 qualities4 ,la ,bruyre summ$ up 8 attacks 9 a preface to ! eigh? edition ( ! ,c>actres 9 #afid4 ,he !n retir$ aga9 to 8 indep5d5ce z a crafty old ba*elor1 & ,sa9t ,simon gives u a pleasant snap%ot ( him 9 ^! late/ ye>s1 a v /raight=w>d man1 capital company1 simple1 ) no?+ ( ! p$ant ab\t him1 & entirely dis9t]e/$4 ,he rema9$ ! man ( "o book until ne>ly ! close ( 8 life4 ,x is ?\ght t ,bossuet1 :o _h always be5 8 great exempl>1 urg$ him to und]take a reply to ! h]esies ( ,mme de ,guyon & ,fnelon1 & t s he 0 dragg$ into t v pa9ful qu>rel4 ,at all ev5ts1 he />t$ a s]ies ( ,dialogues on ,quietism1 9 :i* all ! extreme doctr9es ( ,mol9os & 8 disciples 7 exam9$ & ridicul$4 ,on ,may #h1 #afif1 ,la ,bruyre d9$ ) ,anto9e ,bossuet1 ! bi%op's eld] bro!r2 aft] d9n] he took out ! ,,mss4 f 8 pocket1 & read extracts to 8 ho/4 ,two days aft]w>ds1 aft] walk+ 9 ! g>d5 at ,v]sailles1 he _h a /roke1 & two days aft] t he di$4 ,he _h _h no premonition ( illness1 & ! rum\r w5t r\nd t ! ,quieti/s _h poison$ him4 ,8 body 0 exhum$1 b ( c\rse no trace ( poison 0 to be f\nd4 ,! ,dialogues1 revis$ & complet$ by ! ,abb ,ellis du ,p91 7 publi%$ ! next ye>4 ,_! au!nticity has be5 ob/9ately conte/$1 b1 z ,i confess x seems to me1 )\t excuse4 ,bo? ext]nal & int]nal evid5ce g to prove1 ,i ?9k1 t !y are sub/antially ! "w ( ,la ,bruyre1 & = ^? :o are n al>m$ at !ological discussions conduct$ 9 r a pr(ane _s1 !y make v good read+4 ,"o la/ ^w ab\t our amiable au?or4 ,8 great book rema9s em95tly alive1 & wields aft] two c5turies & a half a p]man5t influ5ce4 ,:5 y ref] to x1 y mu/ n expect a logical developm5t ( philosophical !ory4 ,we d n look to f9d a sy/em 9 a book ( maxims & portraits4 ,la ,bruyre 0 a morali/1 pure & simple2 he awak5$ s5sibility1 he enc\rag$ ref9em5t1 & he expos$ ! vici\s diff]5ce :i* exi/$ ar\nd him--& :i* no "o else _h seem$ to notice--t ! possession ( m or few] pieces ( money made betwe5 human be+s o!rwise equal4 ,he _h a democratic philosophy :i* is sometimes t ( ,mr4 ,micawb]1 ,celui-l e/ ri*e qui reoit plus qu'il ne consume2 celui-l e/ pauvre dont la dp5se excde la recette1 ,b he is seldom s prosy z ?is4 ,let u ?9k ( him z "o :o wi%$ to turn 8 tal5t z a pa9t] ( /ill life to ! b5efit ( 8 nation1 & :o succe$$ 9 a degree f> beyond 8 own mode/ hopes4 ,,vauv5>gues ,if we _h be5 9 ,p>is on a summ]'s day 9 #agdd we might h se5 em]ge f a mode/ h\se 9 ! ung5teel rue du ,paon 7,peacock ,/reet7 a "y man ( less ?an tw5ty-n9e ye>s ( age4 ,x is improbable t we %\ld h be5 attract$ to him )\t w>n+1 = ?\gh 8 expression 0 v pleasant1 he 0 n di/+ui%$-look+1 & ?\gh he 0 uncompla9+1 8 evid5t air ( suff]+ 0 pa9ful to witness4 ,he _h ! gallant be>+ ( a soldi] & a c]ta9 noble elegance1 b a %ade across 8 =ehead te/ifi$ to ! failure ( 8 eyesight1 & he %ambl$ along ) difficulty on two lame legs4 ,if we foll[$ him he w\ld probably take u sl[ly to ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,luxemb\rg1 :]e x 0 v unlikely t any "o w\ld greet him4 ,he w\ld pres5tly turn out ( ! fa%ionable prom5ade1 to contemplate ! poor & ! un=tunate4 ,sometimes he w\ld /op ^? :o seem$ mo/ wret*$1 & w\ld try to %>e _! sorr[s1 b sympa?y on ! "p ( a g5tleman 0 /range1 or else !re 0 some?+ 9 himself :i* fail$ to express 8 t5d]ness1 = he compla9$ t ! un=tunate always turn$ away f him4 ,if1 at ! mom5t ( su* a repulse1 we _h address$ him1 & _h respectfully (f]$ him our sympa?y1 he w\ld h /ruggl$ ) 8 pa9ful %yness1 & w\ld h told u t he felt no res5tm5t aga9/ ^? :o reject$ 8 help4 ,no?+ h>d5$ 8 he>t1 & ! lack ( response m]ely d\bl$ 8 pity4 ,he w\ld assure u1 ) ! pale smile :i* 0 ! *>m ( 8 anmic c\nt5ance1 t ^? :o 7 vici\s 7 s by _! mis=tune1 n _! fault1 & t ( ! wor/ crim9als he 0 p]suad$ t1 if !y c\ld1 !y w\ld end _! days 9 innoc5ce4 ,) an exquisite & simple polit5ess he w\ld leave u wond]+ a little :o ?is pa!tic "y man1 ) all ! /igmata ^u him ( pov]ty & sickness bravely borne1 might be2 & !re w\ld be none to expla9 to u t x 0 ! ,m>quis de ,vauv5>gues1 come home a brok5 man f ! w>s 9 ,bohemia4 ,?is inconspicu\s p]sonage1 :o glid$ almo/ l a gho/ ?r\gh less ?an ?irty-two ye>s ( pa9 & adv]sity1 0 n m]ely ! greate/ morali/ t ,france produc$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 b 0 ( all ! _w's writ]s p]haps ! "o :o has lift$ highe/ ! bann] ( hope & joy 9 h]oism & virtue4 ,9 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld we enc\nt]$ a repres5tative ( ! dom9ant class1 ! pr9ce-dukes4 ,la ,bruyre 0 a typical b\rgeois4 ,9 our ?ird example ( ! moral en]gy ( ,france we meet ) a specim5 ( ! petite noblesse1 ! impov]i%$ c\ntry g5tlem5 :o dragg$ out a prov9cial exi/5ce 9 obscurity & ignorance1 support$ by _! pride 9 a long p$igree4 ,luc de ,clapi]s1 ^: fa!r 0 rais$ to ! m>quisate ( ,vauv5>gues 9 #agbb1 0 born sev5 ye>s e>li] ?an t1 at ,aix 9 ,prov5ce1 :]e 8 fa!r 0 mayor4 ,x is a pleasant t\* to be told t 8 fa!r 0 ! only magi/rate :o did n des]t 8 po/ :5 ,aix 0 swept by ! plague 9 #agbj4 ,!re seems a =e%ad[+ "h ( 8 fam\s son's high c\rage4 ,b x seems also c]ta9 t !re 0 no appreciation ( s*ol>%ip or lit]ature 9 ! h\sehold4 ,no atmosph]e less b5evol5t to le>n+ c be imag9$4 ,! future philosoph] w5t to s*ool at ,aix = a little :ile1 & !n 8 weak heal? 0 made ! excuse = cancell+ :at 0 p]haps look$ ^u z a ne$less exp5se4 ,he 0 ?r[n ^u himself1 & :at education he secur$ 0 ! result ( 8 own desultory read+4 ,vauv5>gues nev] acquir$ a k ( ,greek or ev5 ,lat91#af b :5 he 0 ab\t sixte5 ye>s ( age he came across a book :i* absolutely transfigur$ 8 outlook ^u ! _w & decid$ ! c\rse ( 8 aspirations4 ,?is 0 none less ?an a translation ( ! ,lives ( ,plut>*1 a "w :i* has _h a v rem>kable moral effect on ! ,fr5*m5 ( f\r c5turies4 ,we "k n :i* ?is p>ticul> translation 01 b x w\ld be pleasant to ?9k x 0 t made by ,amyot 9 #aeei4 ,! effect x _h on ! temp]am5t ( ,vauv5>gues mu/ be told 9 8 own words4 ,he says 9 a lett] to ,mirabeau 7,m>* #bb1 #agdj7-- ,footnote #af3 ,su>d is def9ite z to ?is3 ,il e/ mort sans tre en tat de lire ,horace et ,tacite dans leur langue4 ,i wept = joy :ile ,i read ^! ',lives' ( ,plut>*4 ,no night w5t by b ,i _h sp5t "p ( x 9 talk+ to ,alcibiades1 to ,agesilas1 or to o!rs4 ,i walk$ 9 ! /reets ( ,rome t ,i might argue ) ! ,grac*i1 & :5 /ones 7 flung at ,cato1 !re 0 ,i to def5d him4 ,y rememb] t :5 ,cs> wi%$ to pass a law :i* 0 too mu* 9 fav\r ( ! populace1 ,cato tri$ to prev5t 8 do+ s1 & put 8 h& on ,cs>'s m\? to prev5t 8 speak+8 ,^! modes ( action1 s unlike our fa%ions ( to-day1 made a deep impression on me4 ,he attribut$ to ! tea*+ ( ,plut>* 8 introduction to ! ma/]-passions ( 8 brief future exi/5ce1 namely1 8 devotion to a s5se ( h]oic duty & 8 det]m9ation to live up to ! measure ( 8 high call+4 ,9 ! pages ( ,plut>* he says t he discov]$ la vraie gr&eur de notre me2 "h 0 expos$ be=e him a sc5e ( life illu/rat$ by virtue )\t limit1 pleasure )\t infamy1 wit )\t affectation1 di/9ction )\t vanity1 & vices )\t bas5ess & )\t disguise4 ,?is boyi% appreciation is wor?y ( our att5tion1 because x conta9s ! future moral tea*+ ( ,vauv5>gues z 9 a nut%ell4 ,to our great regret1 x is ! only positive record :i* survives ( ! adolesc5ce ( ?is great m9d1 on ^: developm5t we %\ld s gladly dwell if x 7 possible4 ,9 "o ( 8 own beautiful phrases ,vauv5>gues says1 ,! e>lie/ days ( spr+ h less *>m ?an ! budd+ virtue ( a "y man1 ,9 8 own case ^? e>lie/ days are hopelessly sunk5 into oblivion4#ag ,footnote #ag3 ,we "k1 at lea/1 t he taught himself to write on ! s$ul\s ape sy/em1 by imitat+ ,bossuet & ,fnelon4 ,he mu/ h be5 9 sev]al respects v mu* l ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son4 ,8 mode/y l$ him to di/ru/ 8 own ta/e1 & x is wor?y ( notice t ! corrections he made to please ,voltaire (t5 r$uce ! vig\r ( 8 ?\ght 9 its orig9al expression4 ,voltaire-- x is beyond conjecture :y--cancell$ ! fam\s maxim1 ,les feux de l'aurore4 ,h[ h>%ly 8 ta/es 7 condemn$ at home may be judg$ by an anecdote ab\t 8 fa!r :i* occurs 9 ! ,essai sur quelques c>actres3-- ,anselme 0 %ock$ t 8 son %\ld %[ a ta/e = sci5ce4 ,he burnt ! "y man's pap]s & books1 & :5 he le>n$ t he _h gone to sup ) c]ta9 m5 ( lett]s1 he ?reat5$ to bani% him to ! c\ntry if he p]si/$ 9 keep+ bad company4 ',s9ce y are fond ( read+1' he said to him1 ':y don't y read ! hi/ory ( y\r own family8 ,y w n f9d any savants !re1 b y w f9d m5 ( ! "r sort4 ,d y wi% to be ! fir/ p$ant ( y\r race8' ,!re 7 b two alt]natives = a lad ( 8 class :o _h to make a liv+1 ! ,*ur* & ! ,army4 ,= ,vauv5>gues !re c\ld be no "q1 he 0 born to be a soldi]4 ,at ! age ( eighte5 he ent]$ ! ,k+'s ,regim5t z a second-lieut5ant1 & he m>*$ into ,lomb>dy "u ! ord]s ( t illu/ri\s m>%al-g5]al1 ! ,duke ( ,vill>s1 n[ 9 8 eighty-fir/ ye>1 b /ill ! unque/ion$ summit ( ,fr5* milit>y g5ius4 ,! idea ( foll[+ ,hannibal ov] ! m\nta9s fill$ our "y philosoph] ) an en?usiasm beyond 8 ye>s4 ,he took "p 9 ! victories ( ,p>ma & ,gua/alla1 & he 0 probably ) ,vill>s at ,tur9 :5 t indomitable octog5>ian di$ 9 ,june #agcd4 ,! ,w> ( ! ,poli% ,succession pres5tly sank into a m]e armi/ice1 & until #agcf we dimly p]ceive ,vauv5>gues %>+ ! idle & bor+ life ( ! (fic] :o1 too poor to retire to ,p>is1 vegetates 9 "s deplorable fronti]-g>rison ( ,burgundy or ,fran*e ,comt4 ,we "k t he 0 dissipat$ & idle1 = he tells u s1 b 8 confession is m>r$ by no sort ( priggi%ness1 & x is v important to insi/ t ?is greate/ ( morali/s nev] exagg]at$ ! capacity ( ord9>y human virtue4 ,he pret5d$ to no exceptional l(t9ess 9 8 own conduct2 he dem&$ no excessive sacrifice on ! "p ( o!rs4 ,su>d speaks ( ! sweet indulg5ce :i* m>k$ 8 relations ) ^? ) :om he liv$1 & he tells u t ,vauv5>gues gradually rose above ! frivol\s occupations ( 8 "t ( life1 )\t ev] contract+1 9 ! developm5t ( s]i\s ideas1 t au/]ity :i* commonly accompanies ! virtues ( y\?4444 ,vauv5>gues1 ?r[n ^u ! _w directly he ceas$ to be a *ild1 le>n$ to "k m5 be=e x occurr$ to him to judge !m4 ,he saw _! weaknesses be=e he _h reflect$ on _! duties2 & virtue1 :5 x ent]$ 8 he>t1 f\nd !re all possible dispositions to indulg5ce4 ,dispositions to indulg5ce--we l+] on ?is phrase1 :i* has an engag+ beauty ( its own4 ,x di/+ui%es ,vauv5>gues at once f all ! great ,fr5* morali/s :o prec$$ him1 f ,la ,ro*ef\cauld ) 8 savage cynicism1 f ,pascal ) 8 contempt ( ! natural man4 ,vauv5>gues reject$ ! idea :i* _h s torm5t$ ! great spirits ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 t ! noble/ life 0 a life ( mortification1 & he made no dem& on ! s\l to divorce itself f all human int]e/s z be+ ?+s naturally vile & ignom9i\s4 ,he 0 to come d[n to u wav+ an olive-bran*1 ! mo/ amiable ( all ideali/s1 an apo/le ( tol]ance4 ,he says t he hat$ scorn ( human ?+s4 ,to ?is we mu/ pres5tly return1 b we may pause to note x "h1 z a fa9t light ?r[n ov] ! obscurity ( 8 adolesc5ce4 ,! ,m>quis ( ,mirabeau 0 ! c\s9 ( ,vauv5>gues & almo/ exactly 8 coeval4 ,! discov]y ( a packet ( lett]s :i* pass$ betwe5 ! "y m5 f ! summ] ( #agcg to t ( #agdj has dissipat$ 9 "s measure ! o!rwise total d>kness :i* _h ga!r$ ar\nd ! y\? ( our philosoph]4 ,mirabeau 7:o 0 to be ! fa!r ( ! fam\s orator7 0 a man ( tal5t1 b viol5t1 *im]ical & lawless1 f>\*e1 z he himself put x4 ,lat] he 0 ! au?or ( ! r$\btable ,ami des ,hommes4 ,?is prodigal uncle ( ! ,revolution1 ?is dang]\s & viol5t physiocrate z he call$ himself1 w\ld seem divid$1 z pole f pole1 f ! g5tly-reason+1 ! b5evol5tly-m$itative ,vauv5>gues4 ,nev]!less1 !y are se5 9 w>m relation ( fri5d%ip to ea* o!r1 & ! lett]s exhibit _! *>act]i/ics4 ,mirabeau %amelessly p\rs out ! catalogue ( 8 %ift+ & v5al loves1 9 confid5ces :i* ,vauv5>gues inv>iably receives ) discretion1 unupbraid+1 b n volunte]+ any l confid5ce 9 8 turn4 ,a s+le example mu/ be quot$3 ,mirabeau1 wi%+ to get rid ( a mi/ress ( :om he is tir$1 b :o is /ill devot$ to him1 writes h] a lett] ( ! mo/ /udi$ insol5ce1 clev]ly turn$1 & s5ds a copy ( x1 ) inf9ite fatuity1 to 8 fri5d4 ,vauv5>gues replies t he has read out ?is lett] at d9n] to 8 fell[-(fic]s1 :o h be5 greatly div]t$ by its wit4 ,b1 said ,vauv5>gues1 we are sorry 7t is to say1 ( c\rse1 ,vauv5>gues is sorry7 = ! poor girl1 :o %[s intellig5ce1 & :o loves y4 ,c\ld any?+ be a m indulg5t1 or at ! same "t a m def9ite repro(8 ,! g]m ( ! ,rflexions is f\nd 9 ?is pass+ phrase1 s unexpect$ 9 a soldi] ( t "t & place4 ,an anecdote1 pres]v$ l a sp>k ( light 9 ! d>kness ( ^? e>ly g>rison ye>s1 takes u a /ep fur!r4 ,! s5tim5t ( compassion 0 sc>cely kn[n to ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury 9 ,france2 x 0 c]ta9ly nev] ext5d$ to ^? un=tunate wom5 :o1 z ,vauv5>gues puts x1 wat* = "y m5 z ev5+ beg9s to d>k54 ,he 0 himself acco/$ on "o occasion by a girl1 :om he all[$ to walk by 8 side :ile he g5tly que/ion$ h]4 ,%e easily told him ( ! wret*$ pov]ty :i* _h driv5 h] to vice1 & ,vauv5>gues1 aft] try+ to revive 9 h] "s s5tim5t ( mode/y1 left h] ) ! gift ( a little money4 ,8 fell[-(fic]s ( ! regim5t greet$ ! incid5t ) %\ts ( mir?3 su* behavi\r 0 unhe>d (4 ,vauv5>gues repli$3 ,my fri5ds1 y laugh too easily4 ,i am sorry = ^! poor creatures1 oblig$ to ply su* a pr(ession to e>n _! bread4 ,! _w is full ( sorr[s :i* wr+ my he>t2 if we are to be k9d only to ^? :o des]ve x1 we may nev] be call$ ^u at all4 ,we mu/ be indulg5t to ! weak :o h m ne$ ( support ?an ! virtu\s2 & we mu/ rememb] t ! errors ( ! un=tunate are always caus$ by ! h>%ness ( ! ri*4 ,m4 ,palologue1 9 a v int]e/+ passage1 has rem>k$ t we h to wait a hundr$ ye>s be=e !re is a repetition 9 ,fr5* lit]ature ( ?is peculi> mansutude4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ?is capacity = indulg5ce1 = pity1 & rememb]+ h[ little x 0 conceiv$ 9 ! age he liv$ 91 we may look =w>d a mom5t to recognize t 9 8 :ole tea*+ ,vauv5>gues diff]s f o!r morali/s1 b p>ticul>ly f 8 great pr$ecessors 9 ,france1 9 t he has a con/ructive object4 ,he wi%es exce$+ly to help ! un=tunate to live happily1 easily & pr(itably1 & he reg>ds almo/ ! :ole human race z m or less unhappy4 ,8 desire1 !re=e1 is n1 z t ( ! sev5te5?-c5tury morali/s _h be51 to put human egotism 9 ! pillory & to pelt x ) rott5 eggs1 b s f> z possible to enc\rage & affirm a dec5t1 self-respect+ egotism4 ,vauv5>gues f9ds ! lock ( life to be ru/y2 he t\*es x ) ! oil$ fea!r ( 8 advice1 s t ! key may turn )\t resi/ance1 & )\t noise4 ,he does n pr(ess to /rive aft] p]fection 9 conduct1 b aft] improvem5t1 & he is mo/ c>eful nev] to recomm5d viol5t means or an excessive au/]ity2 nor does he condemn or scold1 ev5 :5 8 own humanity is mo/ affront$1 b he tries to induce e "o to make ! be/ ( 8 relations ) o!r m5 dur+ ! fugitive & frail duration ( _! common exi/5ce4 ,if he hat$ any?+--9 8 univ]sal b5ignity--,vauv5>gues hat$ a rigid puritanism4 ,9 "o place he says1 ,we believe no long] 9 wit*es1 & yet !re are p :o /ill believe 9 ,calv96 ,vauv5>gues 0 tw5ty-six ye>s ( age :5 ! w> ( ! ,au/rian ,succession broke out1 & swept him into milit>y action4 ,he 0 vegetat+ 9 g>rison at ,metz :5 ! armies ( ,m>%al de ,belle-,isle1 ! gallant & ?rice-un=tunate1 /ream$ ea/w>d into ,g]many & c>ri$ our philosoph] ) !m4 ,! ,regim5t ( ! ,k+1 ( :i* ,vauv5>gues 0 an (fic]1 rea*$ ,bohemia 9 ,july #agda4 ,9 a night attack ( extraord9>y rapidity & audacity ,prague 0 captur$1 & ,vauv5>gues took a p]sonal "p 9 ?is adv5ture1 :i* mu/ h ca/ fuel on ! fire ( 8 ris+ milit>y ambition4 ,b ! conduct ( w> is all compos$ ( />tl+ ups & d[ns1 & at ! height ( ! successes ( ! ,fr5*1 _! luck ab&on$ !m4 ,reliev$ by no re9=cem5ts & press$ h>d by fam9e1 ! army ( ,belle-,isle c\ld no long] hold ,prague1 & on ! night ( ,decemb] #af-ag1 #agdb1 began ! retreat f ,bohemia :i* is "o ( ! mo/ not$ disa/]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,n9e days lat]1 :at rema9$ ( ! ,fr5* army arriv$ at ,egra1 b aft] a m>* ?r\gh ?ick fog ov] froz5 gr\nd1 )\t food1 )\t %elt]1 9 a *aotic fr5zy ( despair4 ,vauv5>gues 0 "o ( ^? :o nev] recov]$ f ! agony ( ! retreat f ,prague4 ,bo? 8 legs 7 fro/-bitt51 s t = ! rema9d] ( 8 life he 0 lame2 8 eyesight 0 p]man5tly impair$2 & he appe>s to h s[n ! se$s ( ! pulmon>y disease :i* 0 to c>ry him (f five ye>s lat]4 ,b 8 t5d] he>t endur$ :at 7 /ill sev]] pangs f ! suff]+s & dea? ( ^? ( 8 companions = :om he _h ! greate/ reg>d4 ,among ^! ! fir/ place 0 held by ,hippolyte de ,seyres1 ^: figure p]vades ! e>lie/ developm5ts ( ! g5ius ( ,vauv5>gues4 ,de ,seyres 0 a lieut5ant 9 ! philosoph]'s regim5t4 ,he 0 only eighte5 ye>s ( age1 & ,vauv5>gues felt = him ! int]e/ ( an eld] bro!r & ! affection ( a devot$ fri5d4 ,we c trace ! progress ( ! s5tim5t1 9 :i* are fully reveal$ = ! fir/ "t ! peculi> qualities ( our au?or's m9d4 ,he does n conceal f himself ! weaknesses ( ! "* ( ,de ,seyres1 he blames him = 8 lack ( suppl5ess1 ( simplicity ( mann]1 ( self-confid5ce4 ,he f\nd 9 him a pr\d & delicate _s :i* exagg]at$ its own frailties & %rank morbidly f _! consequ5ces4 ,he 0 anxi\s t ! _s ( ! "y man %\ld n be debas$ by l[ associations2 he did n ?9k ! slightly old] (fic]s :o surr\nd$ ,de ,seyres to be :olesome companions = him4 ,! lad display$ a lack ( moral =ce2 he hop$ to succe$ less by 8 own ex]tions ?an by ! fav\r ( o!rs2 he 0 9 despair ov] 8 own faults )\t hav+ ! en]gy to correct !m4 ,x is 9 writ+ ab\t ,de ,seyres t ,vauv5>gues fir/ def9es 8 c5tral axiom1 t ! only s\rces ( success are virtue1 g5ius & pati5ce4 ,he obs]v$ ! lack ( !m all 9 ,de ,seyres1 & 8 incapacity = expansion made 8 case ! m difficult to h&le4 ,son coeur e/ t\j\rs s]r1 ,vauv5>gues exclaims4 ,b he n\ri%$ a deep & ev]-deep5+ affection = ?is s5sitive lad1 & became desir\s1 almo/ passionately desir\s1 to lead him up to bett] ?+s f out ( ! m$iocrity ( 8 pres5t associations4 ,x appe>s c]ta9 to me t x 0 ! /udy exp5d$ on ! "* ( ,hippolyte de ,seyres & ! %ock receiv$ by 8 dreadful dea? :i* gave ! e>lie/ expansion to ! g5ius ( ,vauv5>gues & left _! def9ite m>k on 8 writ+s4 ,i d n "k :y ?is all-important episode seems to h attract$ s little ( ! att5tion ( ^? :o h writt5 ab\t him4 ,! ,conseils un ,jeune ,homme1 :i* 0 evid5tly f9i%$ 9 #agdc1 is ! e>lie/ complete "w ( ,vauv5>gues :i* we possess2 x conta9s 9 embryo ! :ole ( 8 tea*+ z a morali/1 & x 0 writt5 = ! guidance ( "y ,de ,seyres4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i ?9k t ,gilb]t & o!r editors are mi/ak5 9 attribut+ ! ,disc\rs sur la ,gloire to ! same date & occasion2 x seems to me mu* lat] 9 /yle1 & address$ to a v diff]5t p]son4 ,! note ( ! address to ,de ,seyres is accurately giv5 9 ! exquisite essay entitl$ ,love ( ! ,noble ,passions4 ,b x appe>s t ! edifice built up by ! t5d] affection ( ,vauv5>gues 0 ras$ to ! gr\nd 9 ,decemb] #agdb4 ,! "y fri5d s passionately gu>d$1 s anxi\sly wat*$1 di$ "u 8 eyes 9 ! c\rse ( ! t]rible retreat ov] ! icy passes ( ,bohemia1 a victim to ! unit$ agony ( fam9e1 cold & fatigue4 ,vauv5>gues wrote an loge on 8 "y fri5d1 :i* betrays some?+ ( ! hy/]ical agitation ( 8 own s\l4 ,"h is a fragm5t ( ?is /range docum5t-- ,op51 ye =midable sepul*res6 ,solit>y phantoms1 speak1 speak6 ,:at unconqu]able sil5ce6 ,o sad ab&onm5t6 ,o t]ror6 ,:at h& is x :i* holds all nature p>alyz$ b5ea? its pressure8 ,o ?\ hidd5 & et]nal ,be+1 deign to dissipate ! al>m 9 :i* my feeble s\l is plung$4 ,! secret ( ,?y judgm5ts turns my timid he>t to ice4 ,veil$ 9 ! recesses ( ,?y be+1 ,?\ do/ =ge fate & "t1 & life & dea?1 & fe> & joy1 & deceitful & cr$ul\s hope4 ,?\ do/ reign ov] ! elem5ts & ov] hell 9 revolt4 ,! smitt5 air %udd]s at ,?y voice4 ,r$\btable judge ( ! dead1 take pity ^u my despair4 ,?is is a voice we he>1 s f> z ,i rememb]1 n[h]e else 9 ! ,fr5* lit]ature ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,!re is a c]ta9 acc5t ( ,bossuet 9 x2 x is /ill m l ! note :i* a gr\p ( ,engli% poets 7 /rik+4 ,x may really seem to u an extraord9>y co9cid5ce t ! loge on ,hippolyte de ,seyres %\ld belong to ! v same ye>1 #agdc1 :i* saw ! publication ( ,blair's ,grave & ,"y's ,night ,?\ghts4 ,! rhetorical turn ( ! s5t5ces ,i h j read 0 n habitual ) ,vauv5>gues2 x 0 9 ?is case ! mask worn by ! int5sity ( 8 feel+1 b he confesses 9 an e>ly lett]1 ,i l sometimes to /r+ big words toge!r1 & to lose myself 9 a p]iod2 ,i make a je/ ( x4 ,b aft] ?is outbur/ ( panic grief 9 #agdc we see no m trace ( su* a t5d5cy to eloqu5ce4 ,he became m & m completely himself1 t is to say1 v simple intellectually1 9 a p$antic age4 ,he adopt$1 inde$1 a c]ta9 gravity at :i* we may n[ smile2 he did n approve ( fairy-tales & fables1 on ! gr\nd t any?+ :i* came betwe5 direct tru? & ! receptive m9d ( man 0 a disadvantage4 ,! disease ( our age is to want to make jokes ab\t ev]y?+1 he compla9s4 ,to poor ,vauv5>gues life 0 n a laugh+ matt]4 ,8 heal? _h be5 completely ru9$ by ! disa/r\s campaigns 9 ,au/ria1 & by ! h>d%ips ( g>rison life2 & he 0 feel+ m & m %>ply t p9* ( g5teel pov]ty :i* is ! h>de/ ( all to be>4 ,b if he nev] laugh$1 ?is m>tyr ( ! s\l nev] ceas$ to smile4 ,8 p]petual suff]+s did n affect 8 g5tle sobriety ( conv]sation4 ,^? ^: privilege x 0 to see ,vauv5>gues dur+ ^! la/ ye>s ( 8 brief exi/5ce are unit$ 9 _! report ( 8 magnanimity4 ,voltaire wrote1 ,i h always f\nd him ! mo/ un=tunate ( human be+s & ! mo/ tranquil4 ,he 0 notable = 8 indulg5t goodness1 8 con/ant peace1 8 ju/ice ( he>t1 8 rectitude ( s\l4 ,8 conv]sation1 s ,m>montel reports to u1 _h some?+ m animat$1 m delicate1 ?an ev5 8 div9e writ+s4 ,! same acute obs]v] not$ t 9 ! he>t ( ,vauv5>gues1 :5 he reflect$ ^u ! mis]y ( mank9d1 pity took ! place ( indignation & hatr$4 ,s5sitive1 s]5e1 compassionate1 affable1 he tri$ to conceal f 8 fri5ds z mu* z possible 8 own pa91 & ev5 :5 x 0 evid5t t he suff]$ mo/1 no "o d>$ to be melan*oly 9 8 pres5ce4 ,9 ! fleet+ & impov]i%$ life ( ,vauv5>gues 8 fri5d%ips 7 ! ma9 adv5ture4 ,we h m5tion$ a "n :i* is too frequ5tly ! object ( malignity on ,engli% lips1 ! "n ( ,voltaire4 ,no "o w\ld pret5d t ! multi=m en]gy ( ?is giant ( lit]ature did n take "s unseemly directions & sev]al unlovely %apes4 ,b ! qualities ( ,voltaire mu/1 9 ! eyes ( any unbiass$ obs]v]1 va/ly ov]top 8 defects4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we wi% to see ,voltaire at 8 be/1 we mu/ contemplate him 9 relation to our soldi]-philosoph]4 ,z soon z 8 heal? _h recov]$ a little f ! horror ( ! ,bohemian campaign1 ,vauv5>gues took ! /ep ( writ+ to ,voltaire1 !n a /rang]1 = 8 op9ion on t cry+ "q1 ! relative greatness ( ,corneille & ( ,rac9e1 a "q to all ,fr5*m5 l t betwe5 pr$e/9ation & free-w to ,milton's rebel angels4 ,?is 0 t[>ds ! end ( #agdc1 :5 ,voltaire1 :o _h rea*$ 8 fiftie? ye>1 0 recognis$ z ! fir/ liv+ hi/orian & critic 9 ,france1 & _h be5 recall$ to c\rt ?r\gh ! good (fices ( ,mme du ,*telet4 ,x 01 no d\bt1 at a happy mom5t t ,vauv5>gues' r&om lett] arriv$1 ,voltaire respond$ ) ard\r2 ,vauv5>gues quickly became to him1 z ,m>montel says1 :at ,plato 0 to ,socrates1 & no?+ 9 ! long life ( ,voltaire %[s him 9 a m *>m+ light ?an does 8 devotion to ! "y fri5d :om he call$ ! sweet hope ( ! rema9d] ( my days4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! philosoph]1 ,voltaire wrote a brief1 b invaluable1 acc\nt ( _! relations1 :i* _h la/$1 )\t a cl\d1 until ! dea? ( ,vauv5>gues4 ,he rem9d$ ,voltaire ( ,pascal1 ^: incurable disease 0 consol$ by /udy1 b ! eld] fri5d not$ a /rik+ di/9ction2 ! eloqu5ce ( ,pascal 0 fi]y & imp]i\s1 t ( ,vauv5>gues 0 ins9uat+4 ,! p[]ful physical =ce ( ,voltaire 0 s(t5$ by ! suff]+ ( 8 "y companion1 = :om nature _h p\r$ out l>ge draughts ( hemlock1 & :o1 :ile all 8 body sank into dissolution1 pres]v$ 9 _s t p]fect tranquillity :i* ! pure alone enjoy4 ,al?\gh ,vauv5>gues 0 tw5ty ye>s y\ng] ?an 8 fri5d1 ,voltaire succumb$ to ! gravity ( 8 demean\r2 l ! fell[-(fic]s at ,arras or at ,metz1 we smile to f9d him address+ ,vauv5>gues z mon pre4 ,"o ( ! philosoph]'s maxims is1 ,great ?\ghts proce$ f ! he>t1 & ,voltaire 9 a note has add$1 ,9 writ+ ?is1 ?\gh he knew x n1 he pa9t$ 8 own portrait4 ,he f\nd 9 ,vauv5>gues ! simplicity ( a timid *ild1 & x seems t he _h a difficulty 9 ov]com+ 8 mode/y s f> z to make him write d[n ^? ,reflections :i* are n[ plac$ = ev] among ! ma/]pieces ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,x is to ,voltaire t we owe ! fact t ,vauv5>gues f\nd resolution en\gh to become an au?or4 ,a typical in/ance ( ! mixture ( c\rage & tact 9 ! "y au?or is to be f\nd 9 ! attitude :i* he took up t[>ds ,voltaire ) reg>d to ! ,m>quise de ,pompad\r1 )\t 9 ! lea/ (f5d+ 8 tempe/u\s fri5d4 ,t rem>kable "y lady1 !n /ill kn[n z la petite toile1 _h succe$$ 9 cat*+ ! ,k+'s eye1 & 0 so>+ into ! political heav5s l a rocket1 c>ry+1 among o!r incongru\s objects1 ! g5ius ( ,voltaire 9 h] glitt]+ tra94 ,voltaire mu/ h boa/$ to 8 "y fri5d t 8 =tune 0 made4 ,vauv5>gues surpris+ly expresses 9 8 reply ! evil :i* mu/ be done by great au?ors :o flatt] vice & ?9k to conceal its corruption by heap+ fl[]s ov] a lie4 ,! incid5t is important = u1 because x l$ ,vauv5>gues1 ?us disappo9t$ 9 ,voltaire z he _h be5 disappo9t$ 9 ,mirabeau1 to exam9e into ! s\rces ( ! l[ moral condition ( ! age4 ,he attribut$ x to le mpris de la gloire1 & he set himself to def9e ?is quality & to impress x1 ) all ! =ce ( repetition1 on ! dull$ consci5ces ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,x is extremely difficult1 x is well-nigh impossible1 to f9d an equival5t 9 ,engli% = ! ^w gloire4 ,x is a ,fr5* conception1 & "o to :i* our language does n readily1 or gracefully1 l5d itself4 ,9 ! m9d ( ,vauv5>gues ! idea ( gloire took ! c5tral place1 & we may =m an intellig5t conception ( ! mean+ he /amp$ ^u ! ^w1 by repeat+ "s ( 8 axioms4 ,he says3 ,! flu% ( dawn is n s lovely z ! e>lie/ exp]i5ces ( gloire4 ,gloire makes h]oes beautiful4 ,aga93 ,no?+ is s ess5tial z r5[n1 & no?+ s surely gives r5[n z m]it2 ^! are ?+s t reason itself has unit$1 & :y %\ld we di/+ui% true gloire f m]it1 :i* is ! s\rce ( x1 & ( :i* x is ! pro(8 ,?is moral union ( m]it1 glory & r5[n1 9 triple spl5d\r revolv+ r\nd ea* o!r1 0 ! ma9 object ( ,vauv5>gues' contemplation1 & he admits t ! c5tral passion ( 8 life 0 l'am\r de la gloire4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! exact mean+ ( la ,gloire1 :i* ! diction>ies sup]ficially translate by glory1--a v diff]5t ?+8 ,vauv5>gues />ts a new conception ( ! value ( self-e/eem1 or r ( ! desire ( be+ e/eem$ by o!rs4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury _h p\r$ its vials ( contempt ov] ! am\r-propre ( mank9d1 & no d\bt t _h l$ to a correspond+ decl9e 9 ! en]gy ( ! nation4 ,pascal _h sev]ely ridicul$ ! vanity :i* he says is an*or$ 9 ! he>t ( man1 & he actually mocks at ! idea ( a desire = r5[n2 express+ 8 a/oni%m5t t ev5 philosoph]s h ! fatuity to wi% = fame4 ,vauv5>gues is probably ?9k+ ( ,pascal :5 he says t ^? :o dilate ^u ! inevitable no?+ness ( human glory w\ld feel vexation if !y _h to endure ! op5 contempt ( a s+le individual4 ,m5 are pr\d ( little ?+s--( danc+ well or ev5 ( skat+ gracefully1 or ( /ill mean] accompli%m5ts1 yet ^? v p]sons despise real r5[n4 ,b u1 he says 9 "o ( 8 noble outbur/s1 b u x excites to lab\r & virtue4 ,we note1 !n1 at once t ! am\r-propre ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! s5tim5t aga9/ :i* we saw ! mo/ burn+ arr[s ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld direct$1 0 n ! s\rce ( ,vauv5>gues' desire ( glory2 t ) him r5[n 0 n a matt] ( egoti/ic satisfaction1 b ( altrui/ic /imulus1 awak5+ 9 o!rs1 by a happy rivalry1 s5tim5ts ( g5]osity & self-sacrifice :i* might r$eem society & ! dy+ _w ( ,france4 ,& ?is may p]haps at ?is po9t be obs]v$ z ! c5tre ( 8 action1 namely ! discov]y t a :olesome desire = fame proce$s n f our self-satisfaction1 b f our pr(\nd s5se ( empt9ess1 ( imp]fection4 ,h[ ne$ful ! lesson 01 no "o :o exam9es ! social hi/ory ( ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury c d\bt4 ,)\t fall+ into errors ( a ,puritanic k9d1 we _c fail to see t op9ion & action alike _h become s(t1 irresolute1 sup]ficial2 t /rong views ( duty & piety & ju/ice 7 half indulg$ 91 half sne]$ at1 & n at all act$ ^u4 ,! great !ologians :o surr\nd$ ,bossuet1 ! ,eagle ( ,meaux1 _h di$ "o by "o1 & _h left successors :o 7 p>tly pagan1 p>tly a!i/4 ,art & lit]ature tripp$ aft] ! fl[]$ skirts ( ! emancipat$ ,du*ess ( ,ma9e4 ,look+ r\nd ! _w ( ,france 9 #agdf1 ,vauv5>gues c\ld b cry1 l a prea*] 9 ! wild]ness1 we h fall5 into decad5ce1 into moral desuetude1 b he cri$ )\t ang]1 rememb]+ t /ill ! love ( gloire is ! invisible s\l ( all ^? :o are capable ( any virtue4 ,x 0 a critical mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,france4 ,aft] ! long & pa9ful w>s ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ! army _h become unpopul>2 x 0 ! fa%ion to sne] at x4 ,! common soldi]s 7 consid]$1 & (t5 71 ! (fsc\r+s ( ! community4 ,! (fic]s1 :o _h left _! homes too soon1 9 mo/ cases1 to acquire ! rudim5ts ( education1 7 bor$ ) g>rison life1 & regrett$ ,p>is1 :i* !y made e excuse to rega94 ,!y affect$ to h no curiosity ab\t milit>y sci5ce1 & to talk army %op 0 ! wor/ ( bad =m4 ,^? :o 7 poor liv$ & grumbl$ 9 _! squalor2 ^? :o 7 ri* gave !mselves up to s9ful extravagance4 ,!re 0 no in/9ctive patriotism 9 any section ( ! troops4 ,:at pleasure c a man h 9 be+ a soldi] if he possesses nei!r tal5t = w>1 nor ! e/eem ( 8 m51 nor a ta/e = glory8 ,x is ,vauv5>gues himself1 :o _h se5 all classes ( (fic]s1 :o asks t "q4 ,f 8 ,rflexions ( #agdf a *apt] on ,our ,armies at ! ,pres5t ,mom5t 0 omitt$1 & n publi%$ 9 its prop] sequ5ce until long aft] 8 dea?4 ,no d\bt its se>*+ exposure ( ! rot 9 ! milit>y /ate ( ,france 0 ! cause ( ?is suppression4 ,c\rage1 he says 9 ?is delet$ *apt] ( 8 book1 c\rage1 :i* our ance/ors admir$ z ! fir/ ( virtues1 is n[ g5]ally reg>d$ z a popul> error4 ,^? few (fic]s :o /ill desire to see _! c\ntry glori\s1 are =c$ to retire into civil life because !y _c endure a condition 9 :i* !re is no rew>d b %ame = a man ( c\rage & ambition4 ,^! 7 prom95t among ! consid]ations :i* fill$ ! m9d ( ,vauv5>gues :51 at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e1 he saw himself driv5 out ( milit>y life by ! rapid aggravation ( ill-heal?4 ,8 ?\ghts turn$ to diplomacy4 ,he greatly admir$ ! writ+s ( ,sir ,william ,temple1 on :om he may h p>tly modell$ 8 own /yle z an essayi/2 he dream$ ( becom+ an ambassador ( ! same class1 kn[n1 z ,temple 01 by _! writ+s no less ?an by _! immortal actions4 ,b 8 inexorable bad luck foll[$ him 9 ?is design4 ,a pa!tic lett] to ! ,k+ rema9$ unansw]$1 & s did ano!r to ,amelot1 ! ,m9i/] = ,=eign ,affairs4 ,aft] wait+ a long "t he wrote aga9 to ,amelot1 & ?is second lett] is highly *>act]i/ic ( ! temp] & condition ( ,vauv5>gues-- ,,monseigneur4 ,i am pa9fully di/ress$ t ! lett] :i* ,i _h ! hon\r ( writ+ to y1 z well z t :i* ,i took ! lib]ty ( ask+ y to =w>d to ! ,k+1 h n be5 able to arre/ y\r att5tion4 ,x is n1 p]haps1 surpris+ t a m9i/] s fully occupi$ z y are %\ld n f9d "t to exam9e su* lett]s2 b1 ,monseigneur1 w y p]mit me to po9t out to y t x is precisely ?is moral impossibility = a g5tleman1 :o has no claim b zeal1 to rea* 8 ma/]1 :i* leads to t disc\ragem5t t is noticeable 9 all ! c\ntry nobility1 & :i* ext+ui%es all emulation8 ,i h pass$1 ,monseigneur1 my y\? f> f all worldly di/ractions1 9 ord] to prep>e myself = ! species ( employm5t = :i* x 0 my belief t my temp]am5t design$ me2 & ,i 0 bold en\gh to ?9k t s conc5trat$ an ef=t w\ld place me at lea/ on a level ) ^? :o dep5d = all _! =tune ^u _! intrigues & ^u _! pleasures4 ,x ov]:elms me1 ,monseigneur1 to discov] t ! confid5ce :i* ,i _h bas$ ma9ly on ! love ( my duty1 %\ld be s disappo9t$4 ,my heal? no long] p]mitt+ me to cont9ue my s]vices 9 ! w>1 ,i h writt5 to ,m4 ! ,duke de ,biron to beg him to appo9t my successor4 ,i c\ld n1 9 a situation s pite\s1 refra9 f in=m+ y ( my despair4 ,p>don me1 ,monseigneur1 if x has l$ me into any extravagance ( expression4 ,i am1 etc4 ,to ?is la/ appeal ! ,m9i/] = ,=eign ,affairs did respond 9 a brief & p]functory note1 promis+ to f9d an occasion ( br++ ! tal5ts ( ,vauv5>gues to ! notice ( ! ,k+1 b no?+ result$4 ,vauv5>gues _h be5 liv+ 9 a dream ( milit>y glory1 & _h be5 ?ir/+ to s]ve 8 c\ntry 9 ! l(tie/ & mo/ responsible capacities4 ,8 v physical appe>ance n[ complet$ ! bankruptcy ( 8 wi%es1 = he 0 attack$ ) ! smallpox1 :i* disfigur$ him s badly t1 to use 8 own expression1 x prev5t$ 8 s\l f appe>+ 9 8 features4 ,?us )\t =tune1 or pr(ession1 )\t hope = ! future1 half-bl9d1 ) gangr5$ limbs t tott]$ "u 8 feeble body1 ,vauv5>gues />t$ on ! /eadily d[nw>d pa? :i* 0 to lead 9 less ?an f\r ye>s to 8 grave4 ,hi/ory pres5ts to u no m dolor\s figure ( physical & social failure1 nor a m radiant example ( moral success4 ,! alt]native n[ pres5t$ itself ( a wret*$ solitude 9 ! ca/le ( 8 ,prov5al ance/ors1 or a g>ret1 p]haps ev5 m wret*$1 b c]ta9ly f> less solit>y1 9 ,p>is4 ,9 ei!r case x w\ld be necess>y to rel9qui% all ! luxuries1 all ! com=ts ( life4 ,he *ose to f9i% 8 suff]+ ye>s 9 ,p>is1 & 9 humble furni%$ rooms 9 ! /reet ( ! ,peacock1 :]e he 0 consol$ by ! visits ( ,voltaire & ,m>montel4 ,we f9d him settl$ !re 9 ,may #agde1 & sev5 mon?s lat] !re crept into circulation an anonym\s volume ( moral essays1 :i* 0 absolutely ignor$ by ! lit]>y _w ( ,france4 ,we d n appreciate to ! full ! ,calv>y :i* ,vauv5>gues s meekly m\nt$1 unless we realize t to all 8 o!r failures 0 add$ a complete disreg>d ( 8 ideas by ! lit]>y public ( 8 own day4 ,he di$ unkn[n1 save by two or ?ree fri5ds1 hav+ nev] exp]i5c$ any?+ b languor1 disappo9tm5t & obscurity4 ,"u ! pseudonym ( ,clazomne1 j be=e 8 dea?1 he drew a picture ( 8 own =tune & "* :i* proves t he _h no illusion ab\t himself1 & :i* yet conta9s n a murmur aga9/ ! inju/ice ( fate nor a brea? ( petulance or res5tm5t4 ,let no "o imag9e1 ?is portrait closes1 t ,clazomne w\ld ex*ange 8 wret*$ness = ! prosp]ity ( weak m52 =tune may sport ) ! wisdom ( brave s\ls1 b x has no p[] to subdue _! c\rage4 ,x is "t1 h[ev]1 to exam9e ! actual compositions ( our au?or4#ah ,until 8 fri5d%ip ) ,voltaire began1 ,vauv5>gues _h n giv5 mu* att5tion to v]se1 b he n[ began a s]ies ( critical essays on ! poets4 ,he says1 9 ! c\rse ( ^! ,rflexions1 t :at little he knew ( poetry he ow$ to ,m4 de ,voltaire4 ,8 rem>ks on ?is subject1 h[ev]1 are m indep5d5t ?an he w\ld give u to suppose1 & !y are always wor?y ( att5tion because !y illu/rate ! moral attitude ( ,vauv5>gues himself4 ,he 0 n emb>rass$ by tradition 9 advanc+ along 8 road ?r\gh ! ma/]pieces ( lit]ature4 ,he 0 always an amateur1 nev] a man 9 bondage to ! au?orities2 he seems1 inde$1 to h av[$ a dislike = g5]al read+3 ,pascal avait peu lu1 a9si que ,malebran*e1 0 8 excuse4 ,9 ! case ( ,pascal1 we may "q ! fact1 b x is record$ t :5 at la/ ,malebran*e 0 p]suad$ to read ,desc>tes' ,trait de l'homme1 x excit$ him s viol5tly z to br+ on palpitation ( ! he>t4 ,su* are ! dang]s ( a ret>d$ /udy ( ! classics4 ,vauv5>gues 0 no less inflammable4 ,he met ) ! trag$ies ( ,rac9e at a mom5t :5 ! reputation ( t poet _h sunk to its l[e/ po9t1 &1 totally indiff]5t to ! c5sure ( ! academical sanh$rim1 he extoll$ him z a ma/]-anatomi/ ( ! human he>t4 ,footnote #ah3 ,! writ+s ( ,vauv5>gues exi/ 9 a confusion :i* is n likely to be ev] rem$i$1 = ! bulk ( 8 ,,mss4 7 burn$ dur+ ! ,commune 9 ,may #ahga4 ,b mu* gratitude is ow+ to ,su>d 7#ahjf7 & ,gilb]t 7#aheg7 = _! pi\s lab\rs4 ,a v>iorum edition might ev5 yet be attempt$1 & al?\gh n complete1 might at lea/ be f9al4 ,9 consid]+ ! obs]vations ( ,vauv5>gues ) reg>d to poets1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t he & 8 contempor>ies did n seek f poetry :at we require 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,! critics ( ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury 9 ,france talk$ ab\t ,hom] & ,virgil1 b :at !y really admir$ 7 ,ario/o & ,pope4 ,voltaire1 ! greate/ ( !m1 consid]$ ! pope hro-comique ! top-/one ( mod]n practical ef=t2 we "k :at a/oni%+ feats he 0 himself guilty ( 9 t species ( ar*itecture4 ,b 8 :ole tea*+ & practice t5d$ t[>ds an id5tity ( spee* betwe5 prose & v]se1 ! prosodical patt]n or ornam5t be+ ! sole feature :i* di/+ui%$ ! latt] f ! =m]4 ,8 own poetry1 :5 x 0 n fugitive or satiric1 0 ma9ly philosophical1 t is to say1 x did n /ray beyond ! conf9es ( logic & wit4 ,at ! same "t1 ,voltaire 0 an en]getic protagoni/ = v]se1 & he did v mu* to prev5t ! ab&onm5t ( ?is in/rum5t at a "t :5 prose1 9 su* h&s z ^? ( ,montesquieu & ,buffon1 0 manife/ly 9 ! asc5dant4 ,he e>ne/ly recomm5d$ ! cultivation ( a =m 9 :i* precision ( ?\ght & elegance ( language 7 indisp5sable1 & he employ$ x 9 trag$ies :i* we f9d x impossible to read1 b :i* en*ant$ ! e> & fancy ( ,vauv5>gues4 ,! ta/e ( ! age ( ,l\is ,,xv4 affect$ to admire ,corneille to ! disadvantage ( all o!r rivals1 & ,voltaire 0 n f> f blam+ ,vauv5>gues = 8 extreme pr$ilection = ,rac9e4 ,b ,vauv5>gues1 ) unexpect$ vivacity1 took up ! cudgels1 & accus$ ! div9e ,corneille ( pa9t+ only ! au/]e1 /]n1 inflexible virtues1 & ( fall+ into ! affectation ( mi/ak+ bravado = nobility1 & declamation = eloqu5ce4 ,he is extremely sev]e on ! faults ( ! fav\rite trag$ian1 & he blames ,corneille = pref]r+ ! gigantic to ! human1 & = ignor+ ! t5d] & t\*+ simplicity ( ! ,greeks4 ,x is f ! po9t ( view ( ! morali/ t ^! /rictures are n[ important2 !y %[ u t ,vauv5>gues 9 8 reit]at$ recomm5dation ( virtue & milit>y glory did n reg>d ^? qualities f ! ,cornelian po9t ( view1 :i* he look$ ^u z fo/]+ a pomp\s & falsely fa/ueux conception ( life4 ,he blam$ ,corneille's !atrical f]ocity 9 t]ms s sev]e t ,voltaire call$ ! passage a dete/able piece ( criticism & ran 8 blue p5cil ?r\gh x4 ,no d\bt ! fact is t ,vauv5>gues saw 9 ! rhetoric ( ,corneille a p>ody ( 8 own s5tim5ts1 c>ri$ to ! v]ge ( rodomontade4 ,! publications ( ,vauv5>gues dur+ 8 lifetime come "u two categories4 ,8 ,introduction la ,connaissance de l',esprit ,huma9 is a %ort book1 & x is also a fragm5t4 ,! au?or _h begun to collect notes = x dur+ 8 ,bohemian campaign1 9 #agda2 b ^? passions :i* are insep>able f y\?1 & ceaseless physical infirmity1 br\ght on by ! w>1 int]rupt$ my /udies1 he says4 ,voltaire has express$ 8 amazem5t t "u su* pite\s conditions1 ,vauv5>gues _h ! =titude to pursue !m at all4 ,!re seems to be a *ange app>5t 9 ! object he put be=e him2 he set out1 l ,locke1 to write an essay on ! ,human ,und]/&+1 b he end$ by putt+ toge!r a *a9 ( maxims4 ,he quot$ ,pascal1 :o _h said1 ,all good maxims are 9 ! _w2 we h only got to apply !m1 b ?\gh ,vauv5>gues takes ?is dictum z 8 text he refutes x4 ,he says t maxims orig9ally good1 9 ,pascal's s5se1 may h gr[n sleepy 9 popul> use1 & may h ceas$ to act1 s t we ought to rid ourselves ( conv5tional prejudice & g to ! f\nta9-head1 to try all spirits1 9 fact1 & f9d out :at spirits really are ( ,god4 ,:5 ,vauv5>gues began to reflect1 he 0 a/oni%$ at ! inexactitude & ev5 self-contradiction ( ! philosophical language ( 8 day4 ,he 0 n1 & probably nev] w\ld h become1 :at we und]/& n[ z a philosoph]4 ,he 0 a morali/1 pure & simple1 & _h no m relation ) m5 l ,desc>tes or ,b]keley ?an a r\s+ revivali/ prea*] has ) a regius pr(essor ( ,!ology4 ,! only ?+ :i* really int]e/$ ,vauv5>gues 0 ! social duty ( man1 & to discov] :at t is he attempt$ to def9e morals1 politics & religion4 ,he _h an int5se desire = cle> guidance1 & he wait$ = ! heav5ly sp>k to fall4 ,he said to himself1 be=e he made x pla9 to o!rs1 t if we are n guid$ by tru?1 we fall into ! pit4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 *ildi%ness 9 8 attitude 9 ?is matt]1 = he 0 incl9$ to reg>d ab/ract tru? z ! only "o wor?y ( pursuit4 ,t he 0 advanc+ 9 bread? ( view is %[n by ! fact t he cancell$ 9 ! second edition ( 8 book a :imsical passage 9 :i* he urg$ p :o 7 /udy+ con*ology1 to ?r[ away _! %ells1 ask+ !m to consid] :e!r glory is b a "n1 virtue all a mi/ake1 & law no?+ else ?an a phantom4 ,! ,introduction is all writt5 9 ?is _s2 x is a passionate appeal to ! ,fr5* nation to leave mean & trivial pursuits1 & to live = pure & passionate ideals1 = glory ga9$ by m]it1 & z ! rew>d ( solid & /r5u\s ef=t4 ,vauv5>gues' attitude to ! ,engli% morali/s has n be5 suffici5tly exam9$4 ,s f> z is kn[n he nev] visit$ ?is c\ntry1 al?\gh he desir$ to d s4 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s he speaks ( int5d+ to consult a fam\s oculi/ 9 ,london1 b ?is project 0 n c>ri$ out2 8 pov]ty d\btless prev5t$ x4 ,:e!r he knew ,engli% is n c]ta91 b he appe>s to h read ,temple & ,locke1 possibly 9 ! orig9al1 & a ref]5ce to a rem>kable ,engli% contempor>y appe>s to h hi!rto escap$ obs]vation4 ,9 ! ,introduction la connaissance de l'esprit huma91 he speaks ( a writ] :o has argu$ t private vices are public b5efits1 & he attempts to %[ t ?is is a fallacy4 ,he returns1 less def9itely1 to ! same l9e ( ?\ght 9 ! ,disc\rs sur la gloire1 :]e he d5ies t vice has any "p 9 /imulat+ social action4 ,x is /range t no "o1 s f> z ,i "k1 has obs]v$ ?is pro( t ,vauv5>gues 0 acqua9t$ ) ! celebrat$ p>adox ( ,b]n>d ,m&eville1 ^: ,fable ( ! ,bees 0 9 #agdg cont9u+ to cause s sc&al\s a s5sation1 & 0 /ill s completely misund]/ood4 ,!re seems1 occasionally1 a trace ( ! idealism ( ,%aftesbury 9 ! col\r ( ,vauv5>gues' phrase1 b on ?is x w\ld be dang]\s to insi/4 ,8 own views1 h[ev]1 7 m emphatically def9$1 & m directly urg$1 9 ! o!r contribution to lit]ature publi%$ by ,vauv5>gues 9 8 lifetime1 ! ,rflexions sur div]s sujets4 ,"h he ab&ons ! attempt at =m+ a philosophical sy/em1 & admits t 8 sole object is to =m ! he>ts & ! mann]s ( 8 read]s4 ,p]haps ! mo/ p5etrat+ ( all 8 s5t5ces is t 9 :i* he says3 ,if y possess any passion :i* y feel to be noble & g5]\s1 be sure y fo/] x4 ,?is 0 diametrically oppos$ to all ! tea*+ ( ! sev5te5?-c5tury morali/s :o _h prec$$ him1 & also _h taught u t we %\ld mi/ru/ our passions & disda9 our en?usiasms4 ,to see h[ completely ,vauv5>gues reject$ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! utt] decrepitude & hopeless inh]5t badness ( ! human m9d1 we h b to ga!r "s ( 8 sp>se ?\ghts toge!r4 ,he says1 9 defiance ( ,pascal & ! ,jans5i/s1 ,mank9d is ! only s\rce ( our happ9ess1 outside t !re is no?+4 ,aga91 ,z x is ! he>t1 9 mo/ p1 t d\bts1 s :5 once ! he>t is conv]t$1 all is done2 x leads !m along ! pa? to virtue4 ,he deprecat$ ! con/ant *eck+ & blam+ ( *ildr5 :i* 0 "p ( ! sy/em ( education !n 9 vogue2 he decl>$ t x sapp$ ! confid5ce ( ! "y1 _! inh]5t s5se ( virtue2 & he exclaim$1 ,:y does no "o dream ( tra9+ *ildr5 to be orig9al1 bold & indep5d5t8 ,^? :o knew ,vauv5>gues recogniz$ 9 ! purity & sweetness & sev]ity ( 8 tea*+ ! record ( 8 own conduct4 ,m>montel speaks ( ! t5d] v5]ation ) :i* all ! m s]i\s ( 8 e>ly comrades 9 ! army reg>d$ him4 ,9 8 works we trace ! result ( a curi\s ?+1 exp]i5ce sup]s$+1 tak+ ! place (1 education4 ,he obs]v$ ! weaknesses ( mank9d be=e he _h "t to reflect ^u _! duties1 says a contempor>y4 ,8 m9d1 al?\gh assault$ by su* a cr[d ( disadvantages1 rema9$ calm1 & free f prejudice2 rema9$ g5tly indulg5t to human weakness on ! "o h&1 rigid 9 allegiance to 8 ideal pursuit ( la gloire on ! o!r4 ,! noble movem5ts ( 8 m9d 7 native1 n acquir$1 & he _h n be5 h>d5$ or exasp]at$ by ! pressure ( a mortify+ !ology4 ,he does n take s exalt$ or s pitiless an attitude z ! classic sev5te5?-c5tury morali/4 ,pascal sc\rges ! mass ( humanity d[n a /eep place into ! sea2 ,vauv5>gues takes ea* w&]] by ! h&1 & leads him along ! primrose pa?4 ,a s+ul> *>m 9 ! ,fr5* "* lies 9 its gift = composite action4 ,fr5*m5 pref] m>*+ t[>ds victory 9 a body to a scatt]$ ef=t ( individual en]gy4 ,x 0 "p ( ! con/ructive g5ius ( ,vauv5>gues to f9d ! aim & joy ( life 9 a comb9ation ( s5tim5t & action1 9 a community ( rivals amiably /riv+ = ! cr[n ) fell[m5 ( l in/9cts & ( l exp]i5ce4 ,he 0 ( all morali/s ! lea/ solit>y2 he _h sp5t 8 life z a soldi] among soldi]s1 among ^? :o did _! be/1 9 ! mid/ ( h>d%ips1 to live a life ( pleasure )\t reflection4 ,he 0 no prig1 b he _h =m$ ! habit ( giv+ fa!rly c\nsel :i* 0 mu* beyond 8 ye>s4 ,he obs]ves t ! advice ( old m5 is l w9t] sun%9e t gives out light )\t w>m?1 b t ! words ( a wise & g5ial "y man may radiate heat & gl[4 ,8 own advice1 giv5 fir/ to 8 fell[-(fic]s1 !n to a circle ( lit]>y fri5ds1 !n to ,france s long z h] classic lit]ature f9ds read]s1 0 id5tical4 ,he hat$ consci5ti\s subt]fuges :i* equalize good & evil4 ,he look$ ^u gloire & v]tu z ! two great motive =ces ( a sane & b5efic5t life4 ,9 ?is he 0 unique2 ,voltaire notes t ,vauv5>gues so>$1 9 an age ( m$iocrities1 un sicle des petitesses1 by 8 refusal to adopt ! _s ( ! _w4 ,he 0 a puritan ( ! intellig5ce1 & = ! ideal ( ,sully or ,vill>s he put up ! ideal ( ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,! moral gr&eur & spiritual =ce ( ,vauv5>gues' philosophy dem&$ 9 ! disciple a con/ant ex]cise ( en]gy & w4 ,fai? inspir$ by ef=t 0 to be pursu$ ?r\gh sacrifice to ! utmo/ limits ( endurance1 & ) no ultimate rew>d b gloire4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 modifi$1 z x is 9 ! mo/ /r5u\s direction ( "* 9 ! ,fr5*m5 ( to-day1 by an illum9at+ humanity4 ,l(ty z 0 ! aim ( ,vauv5>gues1 no?+ c\ld h be5 m t5d] ?an 8 practice4 ,we are told t ! expression 9 ! eyes ( a sick animal1 ! moan ( a w\nd$ de] 9 ! =e/1 mov$ him to compassion4 ,he c>ri$ ?is tol]ance into human affairs1 = he 0 pre-em95tly a human be+2 ! lea/ ( citiz5s has a "r to ! hon\rs ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he set a high moral value on c\rtesy1 & expos$1 z a fallacy1 ! pret5ce t to be polite is to lack s9c]ity4 ,8 disposition 0 easy-go+1 al?\gh 8 intellect 0 su* a high-fly]2 9 pagan times he w\ld h believ$ 9 ridicul\s div9ities r ?an set himself up z an a!i/4 ,he did n believe t excess ( k gives firmness to ! judgm5t1 & he rem>ks t ! opul5ce ( le>n$ m5 (t5 leads to m errors ?an ! pov]ty ( ^? :o dep5d on ! native virtues ( in/9ct & exp]i5ce4 ,he has phrases :i* seem meant to condemn ! me*anical empt9ess ( ! mod]n ,g]man sy/em ( kultur4 ,full ( ard\r = all t is beautiful & good1 tortur$ by disease & p9*$ by pov]ty1 b nev] all[+ 8 p]sonal mis=tunes to affect 8 view ( life1 or to cl\d 8 vision ( ! tr9ity ( heav5ly lights1 mrite1 v]tu1 gloire1 ,vauv5>gues pursu$ 8 pa9ful life 9 ! ,/reet ( ! ,peacock4 ,he knew 8 feebl5ess1 b he refus$ to let x depress him2 lab\r to get gloire is n lo/1 he said1 if x t5ds to make u wor?y ( x4 ,9 8 curi\s mixture ( simplicity & acut5ess1 9 8 gravity & ard\r1 he 0 morally j l ! be/ types :i* ?is great w> has produc$1 he is l ,paul ,l9ti] 9 ,france1 l ,julian ,gr5fell among ourselves1 meet+ ! wor/ bl[s ( fate ) s]5ity & almo/ ) ec/asy1 ) no %ad[ ( indignation or rebellion4 ,"s po/hum\s reflections h let u into ! secret t1 z ! %ad[s d>k5$ ar\nd him1 he occasionally gave way1 if n to despair1 yet to depression1 & p]mitt$ himself to wond] :e!r all 8 ef=t 9 ! cause ( manl9ess & virtue _h be5 useless4 ,he _h n awak5$ ! sleep]s 9 ,france2 he d\bt$ t 8 voice w\ld ev] rea* !m2 he ask$ himself :e!r all 8 ef=t _h n be5 9 va94 ,?is 0 ! natural inn] weakness consequ5t on 8 physical /ate2 he gave no outw>d sign ( x4 ,m>montel1 :o wat*$ 8 la/ h\rs ) en?usia/ic affection1 says t1 ,9 8 company we le>n$ h[ to live1--& h[ to die4 ,he lay l ,socrates1 surr\nd$ by 8 fri5ds1 talk+ & li/5+ to ! la/2 he a/oni%$ !m by ! eloqu5ce & gravity ( 8 disc\rse4 ,8 late/ record$ utt]ance 01 ,=tune may sport ) ! wisdom ( ^? :o are c\rage\s1 b x has no p[] to b5d _! c\rage4 ,g5tly b firmly refus+ ! importunities ( ! ,*ur*1 ,vauv5>gues 0 releas$ f 8 life-9-dea? on ,may #bh1 #agdg1 9 8 ?irty-second ye>4 ,y w n f9d 9 ! pages ( ,vauv5>gues a di/9ct revival ( t passion = ! v soil ( ,france1 la t]re sa9te1 la d\ce ,france1 :i* inspir$ ! noble ,*anson de ,rol& & has be5 s /rongly acc5tuat$ 9 ! rec5t /ruggle = ,alsace-,lorra9e4 ,b he recall$ to ! memory ( a g5]ation :i* _h gr[n d5sely mat]ial ! =gott5 ideal ( ,france z ! *ampion ( *ivalry4 ,we mu/ n =get t we possess 9 ! writ+s ( ,vauv5>gues m]ely ! comm5cem5ts ( reflection1 ! fir/ fruit ( a life :i* 0 brok5 be=e its summ] 0 complete4 ,b we f9d 9 8 tea*+1 & 9 t ( no o!r morali/ ( ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury1 ! insi/5ce on spiritual c\rage z ! necess>y opposite to brutal =ce & m]e mat]ialism4 ,he connect$ t high ambition1 t crav+ = la gloire1 ) all pure & elevat$ ?+s1 ) ! art & lit]ature1 ) ! intellig5ce & beauty ( ! ,fr5* creative m9d4 ,he recomm5d$1 9 t gray h\r ( ,european dulness1 a fre% ornam5t to life1 a sc>let fea!r1 a pana*e1 z our ,fr5* fri5ds say4 ,& ! gay note t he blew f 8 batt]$ cl>ion 0 /ill s\nd+ la/ ye> 9 ! h]oic resi/ance ( ! =ts ( ,v]dun4 ,,! ,,gallantry ,,( ,,france ,! _s display$ by ! "y ,fr5* (fic]s 9 ?is w> des]ves to be comp>$ 9 _m ess5tial respects ) t :i* is blazon$ 9 ! glori\s ,*anson de ,rol&4 ,x is int]e/+ to rememb] t dur+ ! long ye>s 9 :i* ! direct influ5ce ( t greate/ ( m$ieval epics 0 obscur$1 x 0 *iefly kn[n ?r\gh ! p>aphrase ( x execut$ 9 ,g]man by ! monk ,konrad 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,_m ye>s ago1 ,ga/on ,p>is po9t$ out ! curi\s fact t ,konrad completely modifi$ ! "* ( ! ,*anson de ,rol& by omitt+ all expressions ( w>like devotion to la d\ce ,france1 & by conc5trat+ ! emotion ( ! poem on its religi\s s5tim5t4 ,b ! real !me ( ! ,*anson de ,rol&1 z we "k n[1 0 ! passionate atta*m5t ( ! h]oes to ! soil ( ,france2 ils tai5t p\sss p> l'am\r de la patrie1 de l'emp]eur franais leur seigneur1 de leur famille1 et surt\t de la gloire4 ,x is a rem>kable in/ance ( ,g]man p5etration t 9 ! p>aphrase ( ! ,*anson de ,rol& :i* ,g]many s long foi/$ ^u ,europe1 ^! elem5ts 7 successfully effac$4 ,!re 0 a sort ( poetical rev5ge1 !re=e1 9 ! attitude ( ^? :o answ]$ ! *all5ge ( ,g]many 9 ! true _s ( ,rol& & ,oliv]4 ,we h se5 t ,vauv5>gues--to ^: memory ! m9d incessantly rev]ts 9 contemplation ( ! h]oes ( ?is w>--says 9 "o ( 8 ,maximes--writt5 ne>ly two c5turies ago--,! e>lie/ days ( spr+ h less *>m ?an ! budd+ virtue ( a "y man4 ,no figure ( #aiad exemplifies ?is quality ( grace m surpris+ly ?an ,jean ,all>d 7:o call$ himself 9 lit]ature ,meus74 ,he 0 only tw5ty-"o & a half :5 he 0 kill$ at ,pi]repont1 at ! v beg9n+ ( ! w>1 b he 0 already "o ( ! promis+ figures ( 8 g5]ation4 ,all>d 0 look$ ^u z an incipi5t ,admirable ,cri*ton2 he 0 a brilliant s*ol>1 an adroit & multi=m a?lete1 ! s\l ( wit & laught]1 ! c5tre ( a gr\p ( ador+ admir]s4 ,?is sp>kl+ poet 0 sudd5ly trans=m$ by ! decl>ation ( w> into ! /]ne/ ( soldi]s4 ,8 poem1 call$ ,dema91 creat$1 or r express$1 ! patriotic passion :i* 0 simultane\sly evok$ all ov] ,france2 x is really a less] ,m>seillaise4 ,n less popul>1 b m elaborate & academic1 is ,all>d's aviation poem1 ,plus haut t\j\rs6--an extraord9>y vision ( ! flight & ec/asy & tragic dea? ( a solit>y airman4 ,we may notice t 9 ?is1 & _m o!r v]ses describ+ rec5t inv5tions ( sci5ce1 ! "y ,fr5* poets contrive to be v lucid & simple 9 _! language1 & to avoid t display ( te*nical v]biage :i* de=ms too _m ,engli% exp]im5ts 9 ! same class4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 s mu* by 8 writ+s1 :i* are n[ collect$ 9 two1 or p]haps ?ree1 little volumes1 t ,all>d-,meus /rikes ! imag9ation ( a =eign spectator1 z by 8 rem>kable attitude4 ,f ! fir/1 ?is lad ( tw5ty-"o exemplifi$ & taught ! value ( a *ivalr\s behavi\r4 ,9 ! face ( ev5ts1 9 t corruption ( all :i* c\ld make ! m>tial _s seem noble1 t ,g]many has =c$ ^u ! _w1 ?is attitude ( "y ,fr5* (fic]s at ! v op5+ ( ! w> is pa!tic1 & might ev5 l5d itself1 if we 7 dispos$ = mir?1 to an ironic smile4 ,b x %\ld be record$ & n =gott54 ,x 0 ,all>d :o reviv$ ! etiquette ( go+ to battle dress$ z sprucely z = a w$d+4 ,we %all d well to recollect ! symbolic value :i* ! glove holds 9 leg5ds ( m$ieval pr[ess4 ,:5 ! dy+ ,rol&1 "u ! p9e-trees1 turns to ! fronti] ( ,spa91 he (f]s1 z a dy+ soldi]1 8 glove to ,god-- ,pur ses pec*iez deu pur(trid son guant4 ,all>d-,meus at ,/4 ,cyr made all ! "y (fic]s swe> t !y w\ld n g into battle except 9 :ite gloves & ) _! kpi adorn$ ) ! caso>1 ! r$ & :ite dress-plume4 ,ce s]m5t1 bi5 franais1 e/ aussi lgant que tmraire1 he said1 & ! re/ foll[$ him ) acclamation4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ ,fr5* (fic]s to fall 9 battle1 at ! head ( 8 infantry1 & 8 "m 0 pres5t$ by ! regim5t ) 8 caso> & 8 gloves1 worn at ! mom5t ( 8 dea?1 on ,augu/ #bb1 #aiad1 & /a9$ ) 8 blood4 ,all>d (f]s a fugitive b typical specim5 ( ! spl5d\r ( ,fr5* s5tim5t 9 ! fir/ flu% ( its en?usiasm4 ,on ,m>* #bf1 #aiag1 ! ,socit des ,g5s de ,lettres 9 ,p>is held a solemn assembly "u ! presid5cy ( ,m4 ,pi]re ,dec\rcelle to commemorate ^? au?ors :o1 dur+ ! pres5t w>1 h fall5 9 ! s]vice ( ,france4 ,t\*+ & grave 9 ! extreme 0 ! sc5e1 :51 be=e a cr[d$ & ?robb+ audi5ce1 ! secret>y read ! "n ( "o "y writ] aft] ano!r1 paus+ = ! presid5t to respond by ! words ,mort au *amp d'honneur6 ,9 ea* case !re foll[$ a brief sil5ce m agitat+ 9 its emotion ?an any eloqu5ce c\ld be4 ,! great numb] ( "y m5 ( high intellectual promise :o 7 kill$ e>ly 9 ?is w> is a matt] = grave & pa9ful reflection4 ,especially 9 ! fir/ mon?s ( ! autumn ( #aiad ! holocau/ 0 t]rible4 ,!re 0 no re/ra9+ ! ard\r ( ! "y1 :o s\ght _! dea? 9 a _s ( deliri\s *ivalry1 ea* pr\d to be ! ,iphig5ia or ! ,jeph?a's ,daught] ( a ,france set free4 ,x has be5 not$ s9ce t ! "y g5]ation1 born ab\t #ahij1 _h be5 prep>$ = ! crisis 9 a v significant way4 ,! spiritual condition ( ^! grave & magnific5t lads resembl$ no?+ t _h be5 se5 be=e1 s9ce ! sorr[s ( #ahgj4 ,!y gave ! impression ( be+ d$icat$4 ,z we n[ read _! lett]s1 _! j\rnals1 _! poems1 we are a/oni%$ at ! high level ( moral s5tim5t :i* actuat$ !m all4 ,!re is (t5 ev5 a species ( raptur\s deta*m5t :i* seems to lift !m into a high] sph]e ?an t ( va9 mortality4 ,examples might be giv5 by ! %eaf1 b x suffices "h to quote a lett] f ! y\?ful ,lo ,lantil1 :o 0 kill$ e>ly 9 #aiae1 9 "o ( ! obscure battles ( ,*ampagne4 ,he says1 9 writ+ to 8 p>5ts1 %ortly be=e 8 dea?1 ,all our sacrifice w be ( sweet sav\r if x leads to a really glori\s victory & br+s m light to human s\ls4 ,x 0 ?is ,lo ,lantil1 dy+ 9 8 tw5ty-fif? ye>1 ^: la/ words 7 ,priez p\r la ,france1 travaillez p\r la ,france1 haussez-la6 ,a /ory is told by ,m4 ,h5ri ,bordeaux :i* illu/rates ! impression made by ^! "y soldi]s4 ,a peasant ( ,savoy1 :ile pl\gh+ 8 fields 9 ! autumn ( #aiad1 saw 8 wife cross+ to him ) ! local po/man1 :o _h a lett] 9 8 h&s4 ,he took x f !m1 & put on 8 spectacles1 & read t 8 two sons _h be5 kill$ 9 an engagem5t 9 ! ,vosges4 ,he said quietly1 ,god has f\nd !m ready1 & !n1 sl[ly1 ,my poor wife6 & he return$ to 8 yoke ( ox54 ,x w\ld seem t ! ,fr5* accept$1 )\t res]ve & )\t difficulty1 an inw>d discipl9e = :i* ! _w _h =m$ little conception ( _! read9ess4 ,!re is no "q n[1 s9ce all ! private lett]s & di>ies prove x1 t ! g5]ation :i* _h j left college1 & _h h>dly yet gone out into ! _w1 _h =m$1 unsuspect$ by _! eld]s1 a conception ( life :i* might h be5 call$ fatali/ic if x _h n be5 s rigor\sly regulat$ by a s5se ( duty4 ,!y 7 s+ul>ly calm "u a con/ant pres5tim5t ( dea?4 ,:5 ! w> came1 !y accept$ ! fi]y trial n m]ely ) resignation1 b ev5 ) relief4 ,_! a?letic /oicism took :at =tune (f]$ !m1 in/ead ( attempt+ to rebel aga9/ x4 ,_! s5tim5t 0 t a difficulty _h be5 settl$4 ,life _h be5 produc+ ^u _! consci5ces a s5se ( complication1 a tangle ( too _m problems4 ,n[ !y might1 & did1 *e]fully rel9qui% ! ef=t to solve !m4 ,"o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y features ( ! moral hi/ory ( ! "y ,fr5* (fic]s 9 ?is w> has be5 ! ab&onm5t ( _! w to ! grace ( ,god & ! ord]s ( ! *ief4 ,9 ! lett]s ( ! ?ree noble bro!rs ,belmont1 :o fell 9 rapid succession1 ?is appr5tice%ip to sacrifice is rem>kable1 b x recurs 9 all ! records4 ,god f\nd !m ready6 ,:5 all is ( s inspir$ an ord] ( feel+1 x is difficult1 x is ev5 invidi\s1 to select4 ,b ! figure ( ,paul ,l9ti]1 ^: j\rnals h be5 pi\sly collect$ by ,m4 ,edmond ,h>auc\rt1 /&s out be=e u ) at lea/ z mu* sali5cy z any o!r4 ,we may take him z a peculi>ly luc5t example ( 8 illum9at$ class4 ,qu>t]ma/] ,l9ti] di$ on ,m>* #ae1 #aiaf1 /ruck by a %ell1 on ! ,lorra9e fronti]1 at a place call$ ,je&el9c\rt4 ,he _h n yet complet$ 8 tw5ty-?ird ye>1 = he 0 born at ,may5ne on ,may #ac1 #ahic4 ,9 consid]+ ! cases ( _m ( ^! brilliant & sympa!tic "y ,fr5* (fic]s1 :o _h already publi%$ or h left beh9d !m works 9 v]se & prose1 !re may be a disposition1 9 ! wond]ful light ( _! exp]i5ce1 to exagg]ate ! positive value ( _! productions4 ,n all ( !m1 ( c\rse1 h contribut$1 or w\ld h contribut$1 durable additions to ! /ore ( ! lit]ature ( ,france4 ,we see !m1 excusably1 9 ! rose-light ( _! sunset4 ,b1 = ?is v reason1 we are incl9$ to give ! clos] att5tion to ,paul ,l9ti]1 :o n only promis$ well b adequately fulfill$ t promise4 ,x seems h>dly too mu* to say t ! revelation ( a prose-writ] ( ! fir/ class 0 br\ght to ! _w by ! news ( 8 dea?4 ,8 e>ly tra9+ pr$ict$ no?+ ( romance4 ,he 0 int5d$ = a c>e] 9 comm]ce1 b1 %[+ no aptitude = trade1 he dalli$ ) legal /udies at ,lyons1 & comm5c$ au?or by publi%+ "s essays 9 t city4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty he jo9$ a regim5t ( artill]y1 & seems to h p]ceiv$1 a ye> be=e ! w>1 t ! only pr(ession he 0 fitt$ = 0 soldi]+4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ,septemb] #aiad1 9 circum/ances :i* he rec\nts 9 8 book1 he 0 sev]ely w\nd$2 he w5t back to ! front 9 ,july #aiae1 &1 z we h said1 fell fight+ eight mon?s lat]4 ,?is is ! hi/ory ( a "y man :o w d\btless live 9 ! annals ( ,fr5* lit]ature2 & brief z x seems1 x is really brief] /ill1 s9ce all we "k ( ,paul ,l9ti]1 or are likely ev] to "k1 is :at he tells u himself 9 describ+ :at he saw & practis$ & endur$ betwe5 ,augu/ #a & ,septemb] #bb1 #aiad4 ,?is wond]ful book1 ,ma ,pice1 0 writt5 by ! "y gunn]1 night aft] night1 on 8 knee1 dur+ sev5 weeks ( inconceivable int5sity ( emotion1 & x is by ?is revelation ( 8 g5ius t 8 memory w be pres]v$4 ,! /yle ( ,paul ,l9ti] is "o ( ! miracles ( art4 ,!re is no evid5ce t ?is y\? _h /udi$ mu* or _h devot$ himself to any ( ! tra9+ :i* adequate expression commonly dem&s4 ,we "k no?+ ab\t him until he sudd5ly bur/s ^u u1 9 ! turmoil ( mobilization1 z a f9i%$ au?or4 ,:at /rikes a critical read] ( ,ma ,pice1 z di/+ui%+ x f o!r works ( its class1 is a c]ta9 intellectual firmness mo/ rem>kable 9 a lad ( ,l9ti]'s age1 sudd5ly confront$ by su* a fr5zy ( public action4 ,!re is no pessimism1 & no rhetoric1 & no t\* ( hum\r1 b an obsession = ! tru?4 ,?is is display$ by ano!r & an extremely popul> rec5t publication1 ,en ,campagne1 by ,m4 ,m>cel ,dupont1 :i* exhibits exactly ! same det]m9ation to exagg]ate no?+ & to r$uce no?+1 b to report exactly :at ! au?or saw ) 8 own eyes1 9 t little corn] ( ! prodigi\s battle-field 9 :i* 8 own regim5t 0 fight+4 ,tru?1 ! simple unv>ni%$ tru?1 has be5 ! object ( ^! v>i\s writ]s 9 sett+ d[n _! impressions1 b ! result exemplifies ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at is1 & :at is n1 durable z lit]ature4 ,= ?is purpose1 x is well to turn f ,l9ti]'s pages to ^? ( ! hone/ writ]s ( :om ,dupont is ! type1 & !n back aga9 to ,l9ti]4 ,all evoke1 ?r\gh int5se emotion1 mo/ mov+ & mo/ tragic s5sations1 b ,l9ti]1 gift$ ) "s inscrutable magic1 evokes !m 9 ! atmosph]e ( beauty4 ,a quality ( ! m9d ( ,paul ,l9ti] :i* m>k$ him out = a place above 8 fell[s 0 ! prodigi\s exactitude ( 8 memory4 ,?is 0 n m]ely visual1 b emotional z well4 ,n only did x reta91 ) ! precision ( a photograph1 all ! little fleet+ details ( ! confus$ & hurri$ h\rs 9 :i* ! w> began1 b x kept a m9ute record ( ! oscillation ( feel+4 ,^? read]s :o take a pleasure 9 ! te*nical p>ts ( writ+ may enjoy an analysis ( c]ta9 pages 9 ,ma ,pice1 = in/ance1 ! wond]ful description ( an al]te at #b ,a4,m4 above ! village ( ,tailly-sur-,meuse 7pp4 #aca1 #acb74 ,) ! vigor\s picturesqu5ess ( ^! s5t5ces we may comp>e ! p5sive quality & ! solidity ( t\* :i* comb9e to =m su* a passage z ! foll[+ acc\nt ( a wat* at ,azannes 7,augu/ #ad1 #aiad73--,la nuit e/ claire1 raye p> les feux des projecteurs de ,v]dun qui font des b>res d'or dans le ciel2 m]veilleuse nuit de mi-aot1 inf9im5t con/elle1 gaye d'toiles filantes qui laiss5t aprs elles de longues phosphoresc5ces4 ,la lune s'e/ leve4 ,elle p]ce mal les feuillages d5ses des pruni]s et le cantonnem5t immobile re/e sombre4 et l1 seulem5t1 elle fait des ta*es jaunes sur l'h]be et sur les cr\pes des *evaux qui dorm5t deb\t4 ,le cam>ade avec qui je p>tage cette nuit de g>de e/ t5du dans son manteau au pi$ d'un gr& poiri]4 ,devant moi1 la lune illum9e la pla9e4 ,les prairies sont voiles de gaze blan*e4 ,les deux armes1 t\s feux te9ts1 dorm5t ou se guett5t4 ,l9ti] has no disposition to make ?+s out bett] ?an !y 74 ,8 acc\nt ( ! defeat at ,virton1 on ,augu/ #bb1 is grave & calm 9 its sad /oicism1 x is ev5 h>% 9 its refusal to ov]look any ( ! di/ress+ features ( ! affair4 ,b hope rises 9 8 he>t l cle> wat] 9 a tr\bl$ well1 & x is j aft] ?is melan*oly set-back t ! noble ,fr5* _s mo/ vividly ass]ts itself4 ,9 ! v =efront ( physical & moral mis]y1 quelle m\vante comprh5sion de la ,patrie s'e/ rvle n\s6 ,an army :i* is in/antly & completely victori\s c nev] exp]i5ce ! dep? ( ?is s5tim5t4 ,x is necess>y to h f\ght1 to h suff]$1 to h fe>$ 7if only = a mom5t7 t all 0 lo/1 9 ord] to compreh5d ) passion :at ! "m-c\ntry means to a man4 ,ly+ 9 ! fog1 soak$ ) ra91 at ! edge ( ! copses f :i* ! ,g]man guns _h eject$ !m1 x 0 at t wret*$ mom5t t ! full appreh5sion came to ,paul ,l9ti] t ,france compris$ = him all ! *>m ( life1 all ! affections1 all ! joys ( ! eyes & ! he>t & ! bra94 ,alors1 on prfre tomb]1 m\rir l1 p>ce qu'on s5t que la ,france p]due1 ce s]ait pire que la mort4 ,?is is a feel+ :i* animates ! d>ke/ pages ( 8 book--& _m ( !m p]=ce are gloomy2 ?r\gh all ! confusion & d\bt1 ! disquietude1 ! physical dejection1 ! s5se ( a k9d ( bl9d-man's buff intol]ably we>isome & fatigu+--?r\gh all ?is1 :i* ! "y au?or does n seek to conceal1 !re runs ! ceaseless bright ?read ( hope su/a9$ by love4 ,= u ,engli% ! book has a curi\s int]e/ 9 its unlik5ess to any?+ :i* an ,engli% lad ( tw5ty w\ld h dream$ ( writ+4 ,x /rikes an ,engli% read]1 9 comp>ison ) ! equally gallant & h>dly less picturesque records :i* "s ( our own "y (fic]s h produc$1 z extraord9>ily gr[n up4 ,! new g5]ation :i* ,france s5t into ! w> ( def5ce 0 m simple & m ard5t at ! outset ?an our own analog\s g5]ation 04 ,x 0 less dilettante & m intellectual4 ,! evid5ces ( ?\ght1 ( reason$ reflection c>ri$ out to its full ext5t1 ( an adequate realization ( ! problems pres5t$ by life1 are manife/1 ?\gh 9 v>i\s degree1 9 all ^! records ( ,fr5* (fic]s kill$ 9 ! mon?s :i* prec$$ ,*ri/mas #aiad4 ,^! ,fr5*m5 did n g out light-he>t$ly1 nor ) a pa!tic inability to fa?om ! purpose = :i* !y s g5]\sly w5t1 b !y _h giv5 ! matt] a /udy :i* seem$ beyond _! ye>s4 ,!y m>*$ to ! blood-ba?s ( ,belgium & ,lorra9e ) solemnity1 z ?\gh to a sacram5t4 ,x mu/ be rem>k$ z an int]e/+ po9t t ?is g5]ation _h recov]$ a s5se ( ! spirituality ( a w> ( national def5ce4 ,9 simpl] words1 x _h recov]$ t hone/ pride :i* ,france1 9 c]ta9 ( its manife/ations s9ce ! w> ( #ahgj1 seem$ to h lam5tably lo/4 ,po/]ity w comp>e ! s]5e simplicity ( ,pguy & ,l9ti] ) ! re/lessness & bitt] dis5*antm5t ( ! #ahhj g5]ation1 :i* arriv$ at manhood j :5 ,france 0 mo/ deeply consci\s ( h] humiliation4 ,if we seek = ! s\rces ( ?is recov]y ( self-respect1 :i* s beautifully *>act]iz$ ,fr5* "* at ! imm$iate crisis ( #aiad1 we h to f9d x1 ( c\rse1 9 ! ess5tial ela/icity ( ! tra9$ ,fr5* m9d4 ,! ,fr5*man likes ! h]oic attitude1 :i* is unwelcome to u1 & he adopts x in/9ctively1 ) none ( our national %yness & false mode/y4 ,b1 if we seek = a />t+-po9t ( influ5ce1 we may probably f9d x 9 ! writ+s ( a soldi] ^: "n is sc>cely kn[n 9 ,engl&1 b ^: tudes sur le ,combat1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahhj1 h be5 ! text-book ( ! "y ,fr5* (fic]1 & 7 nev] be+ s mu* read z j be=e ! outbreak ( ! w>4 ,! au?or ( ^! tudes sur le ,combat 0 ,colonel ,ard5t du ,picq1 :o fell at ! battle ( ,longeville-les-,metz1 on ,augu/ #ae1 #ahgj4 ,he _h pr$ict$ ! calamity ( t w>1 :i* he attribut$ to ! m5tal decad5ce ( ! ,fr5* army1 & to ! abs5ce ( any adequate ,g5]al ,/aff organization4 ,ard5t du ,picq _h receiv$ no enc\ragem5t f )9 or f )\t1 & ! re=ms :i* he nev] ceas$ to advocate 7 treat$ z ! dreams ( an ecc5tric ideali/4 ,he di$1 unrecogniz$1 )\t hav+ liv$ to see c>ri$ out "o ( ! re=ms :i* he _h s p]si/5tly advocat$4 ,8 tongue 0 r\gh & 8 p5 0 dipp$ 9 acid2 ! milit>y critic :o ridicul$ ! buffoon]ies ( 8 g5]als & *>g$ 8 fell[-(fic]s ) try+ to get ?r\gh _! day's "w ) z little tr\ble to !mselves z possible1 0 n likely to c>ry mu* weight at ! close ( ! ,second ,empire4 ,b ! scatt]$ pap]s ( ! =gott5 ,colonel ,ard5t du ,picq 7 pres]v$1 & t5 ye>s aft] 8 dea? a portion ( !m 0 publi%$4 ,e scrap :i* c\ld be f\nd ( ! "w ( s fruitful a milit>y ?9k] 0 pres5tly call$ =1 & at ! mom5t ( ! outbreak ( ! pres5t w> ! tudes sur le ,combat _h become ! text-book ( e punctili\s "y (fic]4 ,x is /ill unkn[n h[ mu* ( ! magnific5t ef=t ( #aiad 0 n due to ! %ade ( ,ard5t du ,picq4 ,al?\gh ! "n ( t au?or does n occur 9 ! pages ( ,ma ,pice1 we are con/ra9$ to believe t ,l9ti] _h be51 l s _m "y m5 ( 8 class1 an infatuat$ /ud5t ( ! tudes4 ,he _h compreh5d$ ! ess5ce ( milit>y vitality & ! secret ( milit>y gr&eur4 ,he _h p]ceiv$ ! p>am\nt importance ( moral =ce 9 cont5d+ ) =midable ho/ile organizations4 ,ard5t du ,picq1 :o possess$ ! skill ( 8 nation 9 ! manufacture ( maxims1 laid x d[n t ,va9cre1 c'e/ d'tre sr de la victoire4 ,he ass5t$ to ! /atem5t t x 0 a spiritual & n a me*anical asc5dancy :i* _h ga9$ battles 9 ! pa/ & mu/ ga9 !m 9 ! future4 ,v int]e/+ x is to note1 9 ! delicately scrupul\s record ( ! m9d & consci5ce ( ,paul ,l9ti]1 h[1 side by side ) ?is uplift$ patriotic confid5ce1 ! weakness ( ! fle% makes itself felt4 ,at ,tailly1 full ( ! hope ( com+ battle1 wait+ 9 ! moonlit =e/ = ! s\nd ( approa*+ ,g]man guns1 sudd5ly ! h]oism drops f him1 & he murmurs ! pla9tive v]ses ( ! old poet ,joa*im du ,bellay to ! e*o ( ,et je m\rrai peut-tre dema96 ,! delicate sur5ess ) :i* he notes ^! *anges ( mood is admirable2 & quickly ! depression passes3 vite notre extraord9aire ins\ciance l'emporte1 et puis1 jamais heure a-t-elle t plus favorable la revan*e8 ,9 def9+ ! p>ticul> pr9ciples :i* h actuat$ ! magnific5t ,fr5* ,g5]al ,/aff 9 ! pres5t crisis1 ,"l ,haldane has dwelt on ! fact t ! ,fr5* h display$ ?r\gh\t t moral effect :i* comes f c]ta9ty ( purpose & :i* only conc5trat$ ?\ght c give4 ,! value :i* ! high] au?ority sets on ! cultivation ( moral en?usiasm is exemplifi$ by ! fact t ! ,fr5* ,m9i/ry ( ,w> has enc\rag$ ! publication ( ^? p]sonal records1 f :i* we h "h made a selection1 on ! gr\nd t !y c>ry ?r\gh\t ! army a contagion ( en]gy & c\rage4 ,we are f> "h f ! obscure jeal\sy ( ?\ght :i* made a milit>y repres5tative ( ! ,briti% ,w> ,(fice ! o!r day lay d[n ! brilliant axiom ,a hairdress] is ( m value to ! c\ntry at w> ?an a libr>ian6 ,su* a man c\ld n exi/ 9 a ,fr5* community1 :]e1 at ! v height ( ho/ilities1 s prom95t a milit>y au?ority z ,colonel mile ,manceau c\ld pause to say1 ,let u read1 let u give mu* "t to read+6 ,x is a curi\s reflection t ! pres5t /ruggle has be51 = ! ,fr5*1 ! mo/ lit]>y ( all w>s1 ! "o 9 :i* ! ord]$ expression ( cle> ?\ght 9 language has be5 mo/ c>efully & consci\sly cultivat$4 ,?is 0 v f> f be+ ! case ) ! w> ( #ahgj1 :5 ! abs5ce ( lit]ature 0 /rongly felt dur+ & aft] ! crisis4 ,! old satiri/ ( ! ,iambes1 ,augu/e ,b>bi]1 wrote1 imm$iately aft] ! decl>ation ( peace1 a poem 9 :i* he rehe>s$ ! incid5ts ( ! w>1 & comm5t$ on ! abs5ce f ! li/ ( its victims ( a s+le di/+ui%$ writ]4 ,he said-- ,la ,muse n'a pas vu tomb] un seul pote1 & x 0 out ( any "o's p[] to refute ! s9i/] & prosaic v]se4 ,! contra/ ) #aiad is pa9ful & /rik+4 ,9 ! exi/+ w> ! holocau/ ( victims1 poets & hi/orians1 pa9t]s & sculptors1 musicians & ar*itects1 has be5 he>tr5d+1 & x c nev] 9 future ye>s be pret5d$ t ! ,muses h ?is "t sp>$ u _! mo/ poignant sacrifices4 ,a ye> ago ! ,revue ,critique1 "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s & orig9al ( ! le>n$ j\rnals ( ,p>is1 ann\nc$ ! losses x _h endur$4 ,x 0 conduct$ by a /aff ( =ty s*ol>s2 by ! summ] ( #aiaf ?is numb] 0 r$uc$ by tw5ty-sev52 ?irte5 _h be5 kill$1 elev5 sev]ely w\nd$1 ?ree _h disappe>$4 ,_m writ]s h ask$1 & ,m4 ,maurice ,b>rs prom95tly among !m1 :at is ! reason ( ! fact t intellig5ce has tak5 a front place 9 ?is w>8 ,:at has be5 ! s\rce ( ! _s ( self-immolation :i* has driv5 ! intellectual & imag9ative section ( ,fr5* y\? to hold out bo? h&s to cat* ! full d[np\r ( ! ra9 ( dea?8 ,!re is no prec$5t = x 9 ,fr5* hi/ory1 & we may obs]ve = ourselves h[ new a ?+ x 01 & h[ unexpect$1 by comp>+ ) ! ard5t & radiant lett]s & poems ( ! y\nge/ g5]ation ! mo/ patriotic expressions ( _! eld]s4 ,a s+le example may suffice4 ,no man ( lett]s has giv5 a nobl] witness to ! tru? ( 8 patriotism ?an ,colonel ,patrice ,mahon1 kn[n 9 lett]s z ,art ,ro4 ,8 novels1 :i* dealt l>gely ) mod]n ,russian life1 9 relation ) ! ,fr5* army1 7 virile & elevat$ productions1 b he 0 a man ( fifty at ! "t ( 8 h]oic dea? at ! head ( 8 troops1 9 ! battle ( ,wisemba* 7,augu/ #bb1 #aiad71 & 8 tone 0 n t ( su* "y m5 z ,camille ,viol& & ,m>cel ,dr\et4 ,to read aga9 ! ,p+ot et moi ( ,art ,ro is to return to a book ( ! utmo/ s9c]ity & val\r1 b x 0 publi%$ 9 #ahic1 & !re is no t\* ( ! spl5d\r ( #aiad ab\t x4 ,a figure :i* /&s midway betwe5 ! g5]ation ( ,art ,ro & t ( ! adolesc5t comrades ( a new ,sophocles ( :om we %all pres5tly speak1 is ,capta9 ,e4,j4 ,dtang]1 :o seems to be transitional1 & to %>e ! qualities ( bo?4 ,?is "n has1 ev5 n[1 sc>cely gr[n famili> to ! eye & e>1 b x proves to h be5 ! real "n ( mile ,nolly1 ^: romances ( mod]n life 9 ! ,extreme ,ea/ _h be5 widely read j be=e ! w>4 ,nolly's e>lie/ books1 ,hi5 le ,mab\l & ,la ,b>que ,annamite 7b p>ticul>ly ! latt]71 gave promise ( a new ,pi]re ,loti or a new ,rudy>d ,kipl+1 b totally di/9ct 9 mann] f bo?4 ,dtang] 0 j ?irty-f\r :5 ! w> broke out1 & he 0 "o ( its e>ly victims1 dy+ at ,bla9ville-sur-l',eau on ,septemb] #e4 ,he greatly di/+ui%$ himself by 8 p]sonal brav]y1 & ! cross ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r 0 p9n$ to 8 blood-/a9$ uni=m on 8 la/ battle-field4 ,! tribute ( a fell[-(fic] to ?is devot$ man ( lett]s may be quot$ "h4 ,x is an example ( ! sudd5 & complete trans=mation :i* turn$ arti/s into soldi]s at ! fir/ s\nd ( ! bugle3-- mile ,nolly prov$ a magnific5t soldi]4 ,he _h a y\?ful1 bli!1 f]v5t & resolute s\l2 he _h ! s\l ( a h]o completely prep>$ to sacrifice himself ) joy = 8 c\ntry4 ,aft] hav+ s]v$ valiantly & brilliantly 9 ,indo-,*9a1 & !n 9 ,morocco1 x 0 ) a radiant hope t he set out = ! fronti] ( ,lorra9e4 ',:at does ! life ( any "o ( u matt]8' he said to me j be=e he left4 ',all t is ess5tial is t ,france %\ld live1 t %e %\ld be victori\s4' ,m>cel ,dr\et1 :o has j be5 m5tion$1 0 mu* y\ng]4 ,he 0 a native ( ! invad$ dep>tm5t ( ! ,ard5nes1 & _h n complet$ 8 tw5ty-six? ye> :5 he 0 kill$ 9 ! tr5*es ( ,cons5voye1 9 ! ,wovre1 :5 he 0 tak+ "p 9 ! out] def5ce ( ,v]dun4 ,he seems to h be5 di/+ui%$ by a ref9em5t ( _s1 :i* is ref]r$ to1 9 diff]5t t]ms1 by e "o :o has describ$ him4 ,he leaves beh9d him a volume ( poems1 ,l',ombre qui t\rne1 & v>i\s essays & fragm5ts4 ,! j\rnal ( ! la/ days ( 8 life has be5 edit$ by ,m4 ,maurice ,b>rs1 & is a record ( s+ul> delicacy & c\rage4 ,we see him fac+ ! dreadful circum/ances ( ! w>1 made ! m dreadful to him because ! horrors are committ$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! famili> sc5es ( 8 own home1 & we f9d him pati5tly wait+ = ! signal to lead 8 m5 into action :ile he holds a volume ( ,*ateaubri& op5 ^u 8 knee4 ,! reflections ( ,m>cel ,dr\t diff] 9 "s respects f ^? ( 8 mo/ en?usia/ic companions4 ,!re is a note ( t5d]ness 9 !m :i* is unusual1 & :i* is v pa!tic4 ,at ! v close ( 8 brief & h]oic life1 ! ?\ghts ( ,dr\t rev]t$ to ! hi/oric t[n 9 :i* he 0 born1 to ,s$an :i* /ill %udd]$ 9 8 infancy at ! recollection ( ! horrors ( #ahgj4 ,he ?\ght ( ! dead :o fell on t melan*oly field2 & !n 8 ?\ghts turn$ to ^? de> faces :i* he _h s rec5tly left beh9d4 ,! foll[+ passage1 9 its simplicity1 9 its sweetness1 des]ves to live 9 ! memorial lit]ature ( ! w>3-- ,je p5se v\s1 mes *]s vivants1 aux ma9s des b>b>es en ce mom5t sans d\te1 mais en le coeur de qui j'ai foi1 tant je connais votre dv\em5t aux *oses sublimes4 ,mais aussi je p5se v\s1 mon ,dieu1 qui avez v\lu t\tes ces *oses p\r votre plus gr& gloire et p\r l'tablissem5t de votre ju/ice4 ,t\s ces malheurs1 ces tri/esses1 t\t ce sang rp&u sont imposs p> v\s1 mon ,dieu1 en manire de rdemption4 ,mais votre soleil glorieux clair]a bi5tt1 j'en suis absolum5t c]ta91 la victoire du bon droit qui att5d depuis prs d'un demi-sicle4 ,j'y coopre de t\tes mes =ces1 de t\te mon me4 ,et si v\s me retirez de ce monde1 ,dieu de bont1 p]mettez que ce soit p\r me jo9dre ceux qui m'out prcd dans votre sj\r1 et dont l'affection t]re/re me fut prcieuse4 ,c'e/ t\te la prire ard5te que je fais devant le soleil levant1 ce j\r de ,t\ssa9t que sillonn5t dj les obus semeurs de mort1 en cette anne #aiad qui v]ra rtablir la paix du monde1 p> l'anantissem5t du peuple b>b>e1 et la rgnresc5ce de la nation franaise4 ,9 mo/ cases !re re/s an obscurity ov] ! brief lives ( ^! gallant "y (fic]-au?ors1 ^: nature 0 little obs]v$ until ! fla% ( battle illum9at$ !m = "o la/ brilliant mom5t4 ,we feel a /rong desire1 :i* _c be gratifi$1 to foll[ !m f _! *ildhood to _! adolesc5ce1 & to see = ourselves :at impulses direct$ !m into ! pa? ( h]oism4 ,x is r>ely t we c d ?is1 b "o ( ^! poets has left beh9d him two fri5ds :o h recaptur$ ! fa9t & %r\d$ impressions ( 8 e>ly life4 ,! piety ( ,m4 ,h5ri ,alb]t ,besn>d1 :o 0 8 intimate companion1 & ( t practis$ n>rator ,m4 ,h5ri ,bordeaux1 :o is 8 biograph]1 enable u to =m a cle>] & full] conception ( ,camille ,viol& ?an ( any ( 8 compe]s4 ,born 9 #ahia1 he 0 typical ( t late/ g5]ation ( :i* we h spok51 9 :om all seem$ to be unconsci\sly prep>+ = ! great & critical sacrifice4 ,he 0 born at ,lyons1 b 0 br\ght up 9 ! ,qu]cy1 t wild & tortur$ di/rict j nor? ( ! ,pyr5ees1 :]e nature seems to ga!r toge!r all t %e possesses ( ! grotesque & viol5t 9 l&scape2 b he 0 educat$ at ,al5on1 & tra9$ at ,v\zi]s1 9 ! mid/ ( ! or*>ds ( ,norm&y4 ,?us bo? sides ( ,france1 ! ,midi & ! ,man*e1 7 equally kn[n to him1 b ! ceaseless p]egr9ations :i* he und]w5t1 s f> f enl>g+ 8 horizon1 seem to h plung$ 8 s\l 9 melan*oly4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty he /ruck ,m4 ,bordeaux z be+ ! typical drac94 ,! lett]s ( ,camille ,viol& & ! memories ( 8 fri5ds pres5t to u ! record ( a vague & uneasy boyhood4 ,he began q e>ly to ex]cise 8 m9d 9 prose & v]se1 b )\t en]gy or aim4 ,he 0 n fix$ 9 any plan ( life4 ,8 lett]s--= he wrote ) abundance1 & some?+ undef9$ seems to h induc$ 8 family to keep 8 lett]s--are /eep$ 9 sombre & objectless melan*oly4 ,he 0 torm5t$ by pres5tim5ts ( mis=tune2 he indulg$ a k9d ( romantic valetud9>ianism4 ,9 ! confusion ( 8 _s z he pass$ uneasily f boyhood into manhood1 ! pr9cipal moral quality we p]ceive is a peevi% irritation at ! sl[ developm5t ( life4 ,he 0 j tw5ty-"o :5 ! dea? ( 8 "m1 to :om he 0 passionately atta*$1 woke him out ( ?is p>alyz$ condition1 & x is rem>kable t1 9 break+1 l a mo? f a *rysalis1 out ( 8 network ( futile & /]ile sophisms1 x 0 imm$iately on ! cont+5cy ( w> t he fix$ 8 ?\ghts4 ,! news ( 8 "m's dea?1 by a /range & rapid connexion ( ideas1 rem9d$ him ( 8 future responsibility z an (fic] 9 ! com+ /ruggle4 ,he wrote1 9 #aiac1 ,je m'effraie en p5sant cette responsabilit qui ps]a c]ta9em5t un j\r sur moi1 c> je considre la gu]re comme peu prs c]ta9e bref dlai4 ,hav+ once =m$ ?is conviction1 a complete revolution affect$ ! "* ( ! "y ,viol&4 ,8 melan*oly ceas$2 8 unc]ta9ty fell f him2 x seem$ z ?\gh 8 s\l ?rew (f h] fett]s4 ,f ! close ( #aiac1 :5 ! *ancell]ies ( ,europe 7 /ill pr(\ndly unconsci\s ( ! trem5d\s upheaval :i* 0 9 /ore = !m1 ?is "y man1 hi!rto s timor\s & irresolute1 is se5 to be fill$ ) a species ( prophetic ec/asy3-- ,! b\ndless1 ov]fl[+1 bur/+ gladness6 ,! vapor\s exultation n to be conf9$6 444444444! animation ( delight ,:i* wraps me1 l an atmosph]e ( light1 ,& be>s me z a cl\d is borne by its own w9d ,?is rem>kable *ange ( "* 0 enc\rag$ by ! milit>y discipl9e :i* n[ regulat$ 8 life1 & :i* he accept$ ) rapture & devotion4 ,8 "m's "o aim _h be5 to make ( ,camille a soldi] & a ,*ri/ian1 & he became ! v type ( t comb9ation4 ,to use a /rik+ phrase ( ,m4 ,h5ri ,bordeaux1 ! w> f\nd ,camille ,viol& 9 a /ate ( prep>$ness4 ,he saw x arrive1 n ) anxiety or trepidation1 b ) solemn joy4 ,8 fa!r 0 plac$ 9 comm& ( a brigade ( dragoons1 & he himself1 at ano!r "p ( ! fronti] l9e1 0 giv5 ! rank ( second lieut5ant & a comm& :i* fill$ him ) ! pride ( responsibility4 ,?ree weeks lat] he 0 w\nd$ 9 ! head at ! battle ( ,virton1 b n until he _h se5 ! ,g]mans1 aft] a h>d fight1 retire be=e ! attack ( 8 m54 ,il a connu l'ivresse de la victoire3 il a vu fuir l'ennemi--s a fri5d ann\nc$ x4 ,he 0 tak5 back to ! hospital at ,limoges1 b ! victory ( ! ,m>ne intoxicat$ him1 & x 0 f\nd impossible to hold him back4 ,) a head /ill b&ag$1 he made 8 appe>ance once m 9 8 belov$ regim5t1 :i* 0 n[ fight+ 9 ! =e/ ( ! ,argonne1 b on ! fir/ occasion on :i* he l$ 8 m51 ,viol& 0 w\nd$ aga91 n[ 9 ! %\ld]4 ,he 0 s5t f> back1 into ,brittany1 to ,quimp]1 :]e1 a second "t1 by a subt]fuge he contriv$ to escape f ! hospital be=e 8 w\nd 0 prop]ly heal$4 ,he 0 absolutely intractable 9 8 det]m9ation to get back promptly to ! fight+ l9e3 il tait comme a1 avec son air dlicat et tranquille6 ,aga9 br\ght back1 he 0 set to tra9+ m5 at ,quimp]4 ,b he c\ld n endure ! re/ra9t1 & 8 n]ves broke d[n4 ,x 0 f\nd impossible to hold him back1 & on ,octob] #h ! milit>y au?orities cons5t$ to 8 return to 8 regim5t1 & ) ! p]mission 0 comb9$ ! news t he _h be5 nom9at$ = ! cross ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r4 ,! lett] 9 :i* he ann\nces t fact to ! ladies at home--mes *res ,gr&'mre et ,tante--is *>m+ 9 its simplicity4 ,la croix gagne sur un *amp de bataille1 c'e/ mes yeux le plus beau rve qu'un jeune ,franais pt faire2 je regrette seulem5t de ne pas l'avoir mrite davantage2 mais l'av5ir me p]mettra1 j'espre1 de ju/ifi] cette rcomp5se1 que je considre comme anticipe4 ,! (ficial notification specifies ! w\nds :i* he _h receiv$ & ! fact t1 by ! te/imony ( all :o saw him "u fire1 ! "y lieut5ant gave evid5ce ( v great c\rage & ( indomitable en]gy4 ,t he 01 by :at he calls a que] co9cid5ce1 ! y\nge/ (fic] ( 8 regim5t & its only memb] ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r1 af=d$ him an unaffect$ satisfaction4 ,f ?is "t--! end ( ,octob] #aiad--! lett]s ( ,camile ,viol& te/ify to ! rapid developm5t ( 8 m9d & "*4 ,he loses a c]ta9 *ildi%ness :i* _h hi!rto clung to him1 & he expresses himself ) a m virile sobriety4 ,no?+ c\ld exce$ ! pa?os ( 8 pictures ( ! t]rible life 9 ! ,argonne1 & we are made to feel h[ rapidly ! suff]+ & ! responsibility ( 8 milit>y life 7 br++ out all ! deepe/ & mo/ s]i\s elem5ts 9 8 "*4 ,!re is a rem>kable lett] ( ,janu>y #g1 #aiae1 describ+ an engagem5t 9 :i* he lo/ sev]al ( 8 be/ m51 & 9 p>ticul> an exp]i5c$ corporal 9 ^: skill he mu* confid$4 ,! briefe/ fragm5t brok5 f ?is pa!tic description1 address$ to 8 fa!r1 w give a notion ( ! tone ( x3-- ,j'tais absorb p> les blesss dans mon po/e de comm&em5t et qu& je pus me r5dre dans la tran*e o il tait1 il tombait dans le coma4 ,ses d]ni]s mots avai5t t3 ',adieu1 ma ,patrie6' ,p\rtant1 il me reconnut la voix1 me rpondit faiblem5t4 ,je l'assi/ai dans ses d]ni]s mom5ts4 ,ce fut bi5 rapide1 bi5 simple et bi5 beau4 ,j'tais p\r lui le *ef1 ce qui e/ plus que le ,pre et le ,prtre runis4 ,je l'ai bi5 s5ti l2 qu& ce fut presque f9i1 je l'embrassai et le quittai p\r ret\rn] aux s\cis que n\s donne l'ennemi4 ,?us 0 ?is lad ( ?ree-&-tw5ty =tifi$ & rip5$ by ! ardu\s w>f>e 9 ! ,argonne4 ,he 0 n[ sp5d+ :at leisure ! fight+ gave him 9 a c>eful /udy ( ,hom]4 ,we ga!r t he _h j f9i%$ re-read+ ! ,iliad :5 ! end came4 ,on ,m>* #d1 #aiae1 at ,mesnil-les-,hurlus1 a ball pi]c$ 8 he>t1 spl9t]+ 9 its passage ! cross ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r ( :i* he 0 s pr\d4 ,9 8 pocket 0 f\nd 8 la/ lett]1 /ill unpo/$1 9 :i* he told 8 fa!r ( a fre% di/9ction = val\r :i* he _h j receiv$1 & 9 ! c\rse ( :i*1 ) a manife/ pres5tim5t ( 8 approa*+ end1 he wrote1 ,je m\rrai1 si ,dieu veut1 en bon *rti5 et en bon ,franais4 ,x is n to be d5i$ t ord9>y obs]v]s 7 n 9 any degree prep>$ = ! h]oic devotion display$ by su* "y (fic]s z ^! at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>4 ,! g5]al op9ion 9 peace "t 0 express$ by ,m4 ,maurice ,maet]l9ck :5 he laid x d[n t c\rage1 moral & physical endurance 7if n abnegation1 =getfulness ( self1 r5unciation ( all com=t1 ! faculty ( sacrifice1 ! p[] to face dea?7 belong exclusively to ! mo/ primitive1 ! lea/ happy1 ! lea/ intellig5t ( peoples1 ^? :i* are lea/ capable ( reason+1 ( tak+ dang] into acc\nt4 ,x 0 ! common hypo!sis among morali/s t1 z m5's n]ves grew m s5sitive & ! means ( de/ruction m cruel & irresi/ible1 no human be+ w\ld be able to support ! /ra9 ( actual fight+4 ,x seem$ inevitable t soldi]s w\ld rapidly become demoraliz$1 :5 expos$ to ! multif>i\s horrors ( mod]n me*anical battle4 ,no?+1 !re=e1 c\ld h be5 m surpris+ ?an ! temp] %[n by ?\s&s ( "y m51 sudd5ly call$ up f s$5t>y & safe pursuits1 & confront$ by ! t]rors ( %rapnel & liquid fire & m9es & gas1 & all ! o!r horrible +5uities ( an unse5 enemy = kill+ & mutilat+4 ,_! imag9ations 7 unaccu/om$ to ^! t]rors1 x is true1 b ! high] faculties ( ! human m9d ass]t$ !mselves1 & 9 ! vague collective battle ( ! tr5*es ^! "y ,fr5* (fic]s2 despite ! ref9em5t & ! security 9 :i* !y _h always be5 acu/om$ to exi/1 in/antly rev]t$ to ! *ivalr\s attitude :i* _! remote ance/ors _h adopt$ 9 a w>f>e t 0 romantic & p]sonal 9 its individualism4 ,no d\bt a n inconsid]able "p ( ! s]5ity1 :i* is s rem>kably evid5t 9 ! lett]s & j\rnals ( ^! "y m51 0 due to ! fact t !y _h arriv$1 = ! fir/ "t1 at a compreh5sion ( ! unity ( life4 ,!re is no t$i\s alt]native ( *oice 9 ! active milit>y c>e]4 ,all is regulat$1 all is arrang$ 9 accordance ) a hi]>*ical discipl9e1 & w> becomes :at dogmatic religion is to a weak s\l t has be5 toss$ ab\t by ! waves ( d\bt4 ,x mu/ be also borne 9 m9d t ! incessant dread ( invasion1 especially 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ea/]n fronti]1 _h kept ! spirits ( ^? :o knew t responsibility w\ld fall ^u !m1 9 a /ate ( unceas+ agitation4 ,x is a p>alyz+ ?+ to exi/ "u a p]petual m5ace :i* no?+ c precipitate & yet no?+ c av]t4 ,capta9 ,belmont1 9 8 admirable lett]s1 speaks mu* ( ! romanticism :i* attract$ _m ( 8 companions1 & ( ! natural satisfaction :i* ! decl>ation ( w> gave to _! re/less faculties4 ,! two s5tim5ts 7 probably "o & ! same1 & to a poetical temp]am5t t might well seem romantic :i* fill$ a less vivid m9d ) re/lessness & languor4 ,x is noticeable1 too1 t :5 once ! sick5+ susp5se 0 remov$1 & ! pa? ( pa9 & glory lay cle> be=e ^! y\?ful spirits1 !y grew v rapidly 9 intellectual /ature4 ,!y _h f\nd _! equilibrium1 & no m "t & =ce 7 wa/$ 9 useless oscillations4 ,ea* ( !m _h1 at la/1 ! occasion1 & !re=e ! p[]1 to fill out ! l9es ( 8 prop] individuality4 ,z ,m4 ,h5ri ,bordeaux excell5tly says1 ,l'esprit inquiet ne se cont5te de ri51 le coeur inapais se croit incompris4 ,b n[ ^! m5 knew _! vocation1 & a precoci\s exp]i5ce ( life develop$ 9 !m a temp] ( m$itation4 ,x is extraord9>y :at an intellig5t philosophy1 :at a delicate /udy ( nature1 7 reveal$ at once 9 ! writ+s ( ^! h]oic boys ( tw5ty4 ,lieut5ant ,belmont1 :o f\ght 9 ,alsace1 _h sp5t 8 infancy & adolesc5ce 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,gr5oble1 & 8 memory 0 full ( ! ri* ,dauph9 valley1 ) its great riv] & its ea/]n horizon ( ! ,alps4 ,9 ! mis]y ( ! ,septemb] nights ( #aiad1 9 ! h>%ness ( mi/y morn+s among ! ,alsatian p9es1 8 ?\ghts return to ! lum9\s twilights ( 8 old home "u ! great oaks ( ! ,isre1 & he expresses 8 no/algia 9 t]ms ( ! mo/ exquisite & ! mo/ un/udi$ grace4 ,"h is a fragm5t ( "o ( 8 lett]s home 7,octob] #aiad73-- ,les j\rnes sont exquises1 tri/es et ples1 galem5t diffr5tes des crudits de nos ides et des tnbres de l'hiv]4 ,l'imag9ation a vite fait de s'envol]1 trav]s cette lumire ad\cie1 v]s t\s les horizons famili]s de la petite patrie1 v]s la valle de ,gr5oble1 p>esseusem5t allonge dans ce ba9 de lg] soleil1 au pi$ des ,alpes dj eng\rdies1 v]s les t]res r\sses de ,lonnes longes p> les futaies jaunissantes o s'abrit5t les gibi]s1 tranquilles cette anne4 ,no d\bt1 ! reason :y ?is w> has be51 = ,france1 s peculi>ly a lit]>y w>1 is t ! me*anical life 9 ! tr5*es1 alt]nately s viol5t & s s$5t>y1 has greatly en=c$ ! habit ( su/a9$ contemplation bas$ on a vivid & tragic exp]i5ce4 ,?is has enc\rag$1 & 9 _m in/ances positively creat$1 a crav+ = lit]>y expression1 :i* has f\nd abundant opportunity = its ex]cise 9 lett]s1 j\rnals1 & poems2 & :at x has p>ticul>ly develop$ is a =m ( lit]>y art 9 :i* ,fr5*m5 above all o!r races h always excell$1 t analysis ( feel+ :i* has be5 def9$ z le travail de ciselure morale4 ,?is moral c>v$-"w1 or *as+1 z ( a preci\s metal1 reveal+ ! r>ity & value ( spiritual surfaces1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! j\rnals ( ,paul ,l9ti]1 ( ! beauty ( :i* we h already spok54 ,8 art exp5ds itself 9 ! effect ( outw>d ?+s on ! s\l4 ,he speaks ( my/]i\s sights1 half-witness$ 9 ! gloam+1 ( s9i/] noises :i* h to be left unexpla9$4 ,he does n %r9k f a record ( unlovely ?+s1 ( ^? evil ?\ghts :i* att5d ^u ! ranc\r ( defeat1 ( ! suspicion ( treason :i* comes to deject$ armies l a brea? ( poison-gas4 ,t portion ( 8 ,s\v5irs :i* deals ) ! days ( ! retreat on ,p>is is writt5 9 a spasm ( savage ang]2 a :ole new temp] is in/antly reveal$ :5 once ! tide turns at ,nanteuil4 ,nature h]self ?us endorses 8 new mood1 z he writes ,!re are /ill cl\ds heap$ up to ! we/1 b ! blue1 t *e]s u1 is *as+ !m all away4 ,among ! noble "y poets ^: pa!tic & admirable fragm5ts ! piety ( surviv+ fri5ds has pres]v$1 x is difficult to select "o "n r ?an ano!r4 ,b 9 ! rank ( ^! ,rup]t ,brookes & ,julian ,gr5fells & ,*>les ,li/]s ( ,france1 we may p]haps pause be=e ! ard5t figure ( ,jacques de ,*\d5s4 ,he 0 a ,breton1 & 0 tra9$ = ! law on ! o!r side ( ,france1 at ,lille4 ,he f\nd t ! call ( ! sea 0 irresi/ible1 & aft] two ye>s at a desk 9 t dre>y & du/y city1 he sudd5ly flung up 8 cap & w\ld h no m ( su* drudg]y4 ,to ! despair ( 8 family1 he />t$ on ! high seas1 & explor$ ! wond]l& ( ,haiti4 ,aft] v>i\s adv5tures1 he 0 ab\t to return to ,france1 :5 ! sea aga9 took him by ! ?roat1 & he vani%$1 l ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son1 9 ! ,pacific4 ,hav+ sail$ twice r\nd ! _w1 beyond ! sunset & ! ba?s ( all ! we/]n />s1 a tir$ ,ulysses "u ?irty1 ,jacques de ,*\d5s _h j come back to ,france :5 ! w> seiz$ him ) a fre% & deep en*antm5t4 ,he ent]$ into x ) a pr(\nd ard\r1 & prov$ himself to possess exceptional milit>y qualities4 ,he 0 sev]ely w\nd$ on ! second day ( ! battle ( ,*>l]oi1 b sl[ly recov]$1 only to be kill$ 9 an engagem5t on ,june #ac1 #aiae4 ,8 poems1 writt5 s9ce w> broke out1 h be5 c>efully collect$ & publi%$ by 8 fri5d1 ,m4 ,*>les ,torquet4 ,!y are few1 & !y suff] f a c]ta9 h>dness ( t\*2 ,jacques de ,*\d5s _h1 z yet1 a deep] acqua9tance ) life ?an ) lit]ature2 b !y brea! a _s ( high & romantic h]oism4 ,let ! sonnet call$ ,autre ,prire be (f]$ z an example3-- ,t]res1 fleuves1 =ts1 puissances occultes1 ,c'e/ votre me qui bat au bleu de nos poignets2 ,notre orgueil s'e/ enf9 cabr s\s les insultes ,dont1 depuis qu>ante ans1 ,france1 tu saignais4 ,dans le livre o s'appr5d le plus hauta9 des cultes1 ,m>que la page avec nos sabres p\r signets2 ,ce9s la c\ronne d'or qu'en l',an deux tu ceignais1 ,c> c'e/ dans notre *air n\s que tu la sculptes4 ,france6 ,france6 ,bnis *aque arme et *aque front2 ,c'e/ d'ardeur1 non de peur1 que tremble l'p]on4 ,n\s sommes tes m>tyrs volontaires1 sup]bes1 ,s\s l'aurole d'or des galons du kpi4444 ,n\s allons prp>] aux faucilles des g]bes1 ,puisqu'o tombe un soldat p\sse un n\vel pi4 ,! poet1 %ortly be=e he fell1 wrote to a fri5d ,n\s travaill]ons mieux aprs la victoire1 ce que n\s f]ons ayant t mri p> la fatigue et les angoisses4 ,la vie e/ bonne et belle et la gu]re e/ une *ose bi5 amusante4 ,?is is ! type ( ,fr5*man :o fights = ! love ( fight+1 :o puts above all o!r happ9ess ! prize ( milit>y hon\r & glory won 9 a good cause4 ,we meet ) x 9 ! lyrical effusion ( an adv5tur\s poet l ,jacques de ,*\d5s & 9 ! /raight=w>d evid5ce ( a practis$ soldi] l ,capta9 ,hassl]1 ^: ,ma ,campagne is a record extraord9>y alike = its c\rage1 = its vivacity1 & = its mode/y4 ,! peculi> _s ( ard5t gallantry to :i* we h d$icat$ ^! few pages is illu/rat$1 z w be obs]v$1 by examples tak5 )\t exception f ! fir/ mon?s ( ! w>4 ,x w\ld be ra% to say1 )\t a c>eful sift+ ( evid5ce1 h[ mu* ( ?is s5tim5t surviv$ ! days :i* prec$$ ! battle ( ! ,m>ne4 ,france has1 9 ! succession ( h] attacks up to ! pres5t h\r1 cont9u$ & confirm$ ! magnific5t tradition ( h] c\rage4 ,b x is impossible to ov]look ! elem5ts :i* h tak5 ! romantic col\r out ( ! /ruggle4 ,no *ivalry c\ld survive close exp]i5ce ( ! vile & be/ial cruelty ( ,g]man me?ods4 ,! sad & squalid aspects ( a w> ( resi/ance1 f\ght 9 ! v ble$+ fle% ( ! belov$ "m-c\ntry1 7 b\nd to be fatal to cette bonne humeur bi5faisante :i* s m>vell\sly *>act]iz$ ! "y ,fr5* (fic]s ( ,augu/ #aiad4 ,moreov]1 ! m]e physical elem5t ( fatigue has be5 en\gh to qu5* t fir/ radiant flame4 ,we f9d x dead5+1 at la/1 ev5 ! high _s ( ,paul ,l9ti]1 & we li/5 to 8 confession3 ,to sleep6 to sleep6 ,o to live )\t a ?\ght1 9 absolute sil5ce4 ,to live1 aft] hav+ s (t5 ne>ly di$4 ,i c\ld sleep = days1 & days1 & days6 ,^! are consid]ations :i* belong to a heavi] & a we>i] "t4 ,z a matt] ( hi/ory--s t 9 our hurry+ times a ge/ure ( s mu* beauty may n1 because x 0 s ephem]al1 be =gott5--,i h endeav\r$ to cat* a reflection ( ! gl[ :i* blaz$ 9 ! he>ts ( "y intellectual (fic]s at ! v beg9n+ ( ! w>4 ,if 9 ! inevitable we> & te> ( ! int]m9able /ruggle1 ?is beauty fades into ! light ( common day1 s mu* ! m is !re ne$ t we %\ld fix x 9 memory1 s9ce 9 a _w :i* savag]y & treason h made s hide\s1 we _c af=d to let ?is jewel ( pure moral beauty be trampl$ into oblivion4 breve et irrep>abile tempus ,omnibus e/ vitae2 s$ famam ext5d]e facti ,hoc virtutis opus4 ,,bibliographical ,,note ,! writ+s ( ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 7 subject$ to accurate & detail$ exam9ation 9 ! edition begun by ,gilb]t 9 #ahfh1 & br\ght to a pause at 8 untimely dea? 9 #ahgj4 ,x 0 complet$ 9 #ahhc by ,j4 ,g\rdault4 ,aft] ! lapse ( half a c5tury1 ! %ort biography by ,gilb]t1 ) :i* ?is edition began1 naturally requires "s revision1 & is op5 to sev]al additions4 ,an e>li] volume 7#ahfc71 by ,e4 de ,b>?lemy1 is ( a m te*nical "*1 b may be ref]r$ to ) advantage by ^? curi\s reg>d+ detail4 ,! ,,mss ( ,ro*ef\cauld /ill 9 exi/5ce--"o ( ^!1 kn[n z ! ,lianc\rt ,,ms41 is 9 ! ,duke's h&writ+--are num]\s1 & may /ill1 no d\bt1 rew>d inve/igation4 ,! be/ rec5t summ>y is t by ,j4 ,b\rdeau 7#ahie71 publi%$ 9 ,m4 ,juss]&'s *>m+ s]ies4 ,!re is n1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 any ,engli% biography ( ! au?or ( ! ,maximes4 ,! complete works ( ,la ,bruyre 7 elaborately edit$ 9 ?ree volumes 7#ahfe-ahgh7 by ,g4 ,s]vois4 ,mu* curi\s in=mation is to be f\nd 9 ,allaire's ,la ,bruyre dans la ,maison de ,cond 7#ahhg71 & an excell5t summ>y 9 ! ,life by ,m ,paul ,morillot1 #aijd4 ,b ! late/ & fulle/ acc\nt ( ,la ,bruyre's c>e] is to be f\nd 9 ,m4 ,emile ,magne's ,preface to ! select$ works 7#aiad74 ,editions ( ,les ,c>actres are c\ntless4 ,! writ+s ( ,vauv5>gues 7 collect$ by ! ,m>quis de ,portia 9 #agig1 by ,su>d 9 #ahjf1 by ,brire 9 #ahba1 by ,gilb]t 9 #aheg1 & aga9 9 #ahgd2 ea* ( ^! editions add$ consid]ably to k4 ,! only rec5t ,life is t by ,m ,maurice ,palologue 7#ahij74 ,! pr9cipal volumes ref]r$ to 9 ,! ,gallantry ( ,france are ! foll[+3-- ,ma ,pice ,s\v5ir d'un canonni] de #aiad4 ,p> ,paul ,l9ti]4 ,p>is3 ,librairie ,plon1 #aiaf4 ,an?ologie des criva9s franais morts p\r la ,patrie4 ,p> ,c>los ,l>ronde4 ,prface de ,maurice ,b>rs4 ,i-,,iv4 ,p>is3 ,l>\sse4 #aiaf-aiag ,la ,jeunesse ,n\velle4 ,p> ,h5ri ,bordeaux4 ,p>is3 ,librairie ,plon #aiag4 ,en ,campagne 7#aiad-aiae74 ,impression d'un (fici] de ,lgre4 ,p> ,m>cel ,dupont4 ,p>is3 ,librairie ,plon4 #aiaf4 ,ma ,campagne de j\r de j\r4 ,p> le ,capita9e ,hassl]4 ,p>is3 ,librairie ,plon4 #aiag4 ,,index ,academy1 ,fr5*1 #ia ,addison1 at ,blois1 #hg1hh ----comp>$ ) ,la ,bruyre1 #hg d',ailly1 ,abb1 #bb ,aix 9 ,prov5ce1 #ajj ,al5on1 #aee ,all>d1 ,jean1 #acf-ach ,alsace1 #afb ,alsace-,lorra9e1 #acb ,amelot1 #aah ,amyot1 ,jacques1 #ii ,anne ( ,au/ria1 #aa1 #ac ,anne ( ,engl&1 #hh ,apemantus1 #f ,argonne1 !1 #aeg d',argonne1 ,bonav5ture1 #fa n4 ,arnauld 7d',&illy71 #bb ,augu/9e1 ,/41 #dc ,b>bi]1 ,augu/e1 #aej ,b>rs1 ,m4 ,maurice1 xiii1 xv1 #aec ,belgium1 #adf ,bellay1 ,joa*im du1 #adh ,belle-,isle1 ,m>%al de1 #ajf-ajg ,belmont1 ! bro!rs1 #adj1 #afa1 #afb ,b]keley1 ,bi%op1 #abe ,besn>d1 ,h ,a41 #aee ,blair's ,grave1 #aaj ,blue ,room1 !1 #h ,bohemia1 ! campaign 91 #ih1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aab ,bohemia1 ,que5 (1 #cc ,boileau1 xix1 #dg1 #gj1 #hb ,bordeaux1 ,m ,h5ri1 #aci1 #aeg1 #afb ,bossuet1 ,anto9e1 #ib ,bossuet 7,bi%op71#ce1 #dd1 #dg1 #fa1 #fb1 #gf1 #ia1 #aja n4 #aaj1 #aaf ,b\illon1 ,godefroi de1 #eh ,b\rbon1 ,duc de1 #fa ,brillon1 #ee ,brooke1 ,rup]t1 #aca1 #afd ,brunetire1 ,f]d9&1 #cb n4 ,buck+ham1 ,duke (1 #aa ,budgell1 ,eu/ace1 #hh ,burney1 ,fanny1 #fb ,bussy-,rabut91 #de1 #gj ,ca51 #ei1 #fj1 #fd ,calv91 #ajf ,casaubon1 #gj ,*ambre des ,sublimes1 #dg ,*ampagne1 #aci ,*anson de ,rol&1 #acb1 #ace ,*ateaubri&1 #aec ,*telet1 ,mme du1 #aab ,*evreuse1 ,mme de1 #ad ,*\d5s1 ,jacques de1 #afd-f ,clapi]s1 ,luc de1 #ii see ,vauv5>gues ,col]idge1 8 ,table-,talk1 #bi ,commune1 !1 #aba n4 ,cond1 ,pr9ce de 7! ,gr& ,cond71 #ai1 #fa1 #fc1 #fd ,cons5voye1 #aeb ,conti1 ,pr9ce de1 #ad ,corneille1 ,pi]re1 #abc1 #abd1 8 ,pul*rie1 #dh ,c\s91 ,victor1 #cb ,cromwell1 ,oliv]1 #abi ,dec\rcelle1 ,m4 ,pi]re1 #ach ,desc>tes1 #cc1 #abb1 #abe ,dtang]1 ,capt ,e ,j41 #aea1 #aeb ,dr\et1 ,m>cel1 #aea-aed ,dupont1 ,m>cel1 8 ,en ,campagne1 #adc ,dury]1 8 trag$y ( ,alcyone1 #ah ,dyke1 ,daniel1 8 ,my/]y ( ,self-deceiv+1 #bh ,egra1 #ajg d',enghi51 ,h5ri ,jules1 ,duc1 #fc ,esprit1 ,jacques1 #cj-cb1 #ej n ,fnelon1 #ce1 #ia1 #aja n4 ,font5elle1 #fa1 #fi n42 describ$ z ,cydias1 #fh ,fresnes1 ,*teau de1 #cf ,fronde1 !1 #ac1 #bj1 #bd ,full]1 ,?omas1 #bh1 #gd ,gilb]t1 #aji ,g\rville1 #ah ,gr5fell1 ,julian1 #aca1 #afd ,gr5oble1 #afb1 #afc ,grignan1 ,mme de1 #ci n1 #dh ,gua/alla1 victory at1 #ajb ,gui5ne1 #ae ,guillot1 ,lon1 xv ,guyon1 ,mme1 #ia ,haldane1 ,"l1 quot$1 #adi1 #agd ,halifax1 ,e>l (1 #gg1 #gh ,h>auc\rt1 ,m4,e41 #ada ,hassl]1 ,capt1 8 ,ma ,campagne1 #aff d',haute=t1 ,mlle1 #aa ,helvtius1 #db ,hobbes1 8 ,levia?an1 #cc1 #cd ,huet1 ,bi%op ( ,avran*es1 #cg ,jans5i/s1 #bg1 #cc1 #abg ,je&el9c\rt1 #ada ,jesuits1 #cc ,johnson1 ,dr41 #hh ,j\y1 ,erne/1 #bh ,kipl+1 ,rudy>d1 #aeb1 quot$1 #ij ,konrad1 ! monk1 #ace-f ,la ,bruyre1 #ee-ic2 bir? & p>5tage1 #eh2 ,la ,bruyre at ,*antilly1 #fd2 contra/$ ) ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 #eg1 describ$ z ,mnippe1 #fe1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,cond1 #fe1 #ij1 at ,fonta9ebleau1 #fd1 ,p>is1 #fd2 at ,v]sailles1 #fd2 8 ,c>actres1 #ee-eg2 #ff-gb1 #gf1 #gh1 #hc1 8 ,dialogues1 #ib ,la ,bruyre1 ,l\is1 #eh ,la ,fayette1 ,mme de1 #cf1 #cg1 #ci1 #de1 #df1 #dh-ej ,la ,fonta9e1 #dg2 ,fables (1 #di n ,lagrange1 ,h5ri1 xiv ,lamb1 ,*>les1 #eh ,lantil1 ,lo1 #aci ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,duc de1 #c-eb1 bir? & desc5t1 #h1 #i2 m>riage1 #aj2 8 ,lett]s1 8 ,maximes1 xvi1 #d-f1 #cc1dg1 #ea1 #eb1 #eg1 8 ,mmoires1 #i-ag1 #ba1 #bc-be2 8 portrait by himself1 #bb-be by ,petitot1 #ai1 by ,c>d9al de ,retz1 #ag ,lauzun1 ,duc de1 #hj ,la ,v]gne1 ,m>ie de1 see ,la ,fayette1 ,mme de ,lille1 #afd ,l9ti]1 ,paul1 #c1 #d1 #aca1 #adj-adi1 #afc1 #afi ,li/]1 ,*>les1 #afd ,locke1 ,john1 #gd1 #abd1 #abf ,longeville-les-,metz1 #adg ,longueville1 ,mme de1 #ad1 #ah1 #ci #dj n ,lorra9e1 #adf ,loti1 ,pi]re1 #aeb ,l\is ,,xiii1 #h1 #i1 #ac1 #ad ,l\is ,,xiv41 #hd ,l\is ,,xv1 #hd1 #aag1 #abc ,luxemb\rg 7,palace71 #bc1 #fd ,lyons1 #ada1 #aee ,mademoiselle1 ,la ,gr&e1 #ag1 #bc ,maet]l9ck1 ,m41 #afj ,magne1 ,m41 ,emile1 #fc ,mahon1 ,col ,patrice1 #aea ,ma9e1 ,duc du1 #df1dg ,ma9e1 ,du*esse du1 #aaf ,ma9t5on1 ,mme de1 #df ,malebran*e1 #abb ,malizian1 #gj ,manceau1 ,col4 ,emile1 #adi ,m&eville1 ,b]n>d1 #db1 #abf ,m>cillac1 ,pr9ce de1 #aa1 #ab1 #dg1 see ,la ,ro*ef\cauld ,mirabeau1 ,m>quis de1 #ajj1 #ajc-aje ,molire1 #dh ,nolly1 mile2 see ,dtang] ,palologue1 ,m41 #aje1 #afi ,p>is1 ,ga/on1 #ace ,p>ma1 ,fr5* victory at1 #ajb ,pascal1 xviii1 #bb1 #bc1 #cb1 #cc1 #ce1 #ee1 #ha1 #aac1 #aae1 #abb1 #abg1 #abh ,pguy1 #adf ,petitot1 #ai ,phlippeaux1 ,abb1 #hg1 #hh ,picq1 ,col4 ,ard5t du #adg1 #adh ,pi]repont1 #acf ,p91 ,abb ,ellis du1 #ib ,plessis1 ,mme du1 #cf ,plut>*'s ,lives1 #ii1 #ajj ,pompad\r1 ,mme de1 #aad ,port ,royal1 #bb1 #bc1 #bg1 #bh1 #cf1 #hf ,prague1 capture (1 #ajg ,qu]cy1 #aee ,quimp]1#aeg1 #aeh ,rac9e1 xix1 #ce1 #dg1 #abb1 #abc ,ramb\illet1 ,htel de1 #g ,regni]1 ,h5ri1 #bj ,retz1 ,c>d9al de1 #aj1 #af1 #ag ,revue ,critique1 #aej ,rh9e1 ,passage ( !1 #dj n4 ,ri*elieu1 #aj-ab1 #ad ,ro1 ,art1 see ,mahon ,r\sseau1 ,j4,j41 #ch ,ruffec1 #ai ,sabl1 ,mme de1 #d1 #e1 #ba1 #bc1 #bi1 #ca1 #cb4 #cf1 #da n4 ,sa9t-,anto9e1 ,faub\rg1 #ah ,sa9t-,cyr1 #acg ,sa9t-,simon1 quot$1 #gi1 #ia ,s*omb]g1 ,du*esse de1 #g ,scud]y1 ,mlle de1 #ci1 #de ,s$an1 #aec ,segrais1 #ce1 #ej n ,sgui] 7,*ancellor71 #cj ,s5eca1 #dc ,sev5 ,ye>s ,w>1 #ajf ,svign1 ,mme de1 #cd1 #ci n1 #dj n1 #de n1 quot$1 #dh-ej ,seyres1 ,hippolyte de1 #ajg-aaj ,%aftesbury1 ,?ird ,e>l1 #abf ,%akespe>e1 quot$1 #f1 #cj ,s+l91 ,anto9e1 #bb ,socit des ,g5s de ,lettres1 #ach ,spectator1 !1 #hh1 #hi ,sp9oza1 #cc ,/eele1 ,sir ,ri*>d1 #hi ,/eph51 ,sir ,leslie1 #cd ,/ev5son1 ,r4,l41 #gh1 #aja1 #afe ,su>d1 #ii1 #aba ,sully1 #abi ,tailly-sur-,meuse1 #adc1 #adh ,tallemont des ,raux1 #bb ,temple1 ,sir ,william1 #aah1 #abf ,!ophra/us1 #fi-ga1 #hh ,?iange1 ,mme de1 #df1 #dg ,torquet1 ,m4 ,*>les1 #afe ,tur91 #ajb ,val9c\rt1 #fd ,vauban1 ,seba/i5 de1 #hd n4 ,vauv5>gues1 ,m>quis de1 #ig-acb2 bir? & p>5tage1 #ii-aja2 describ$ z ,clazomne1 #aba2 s]ves 9 ! ,bohemian campaign1 #ih1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aab1 9 g>rison at ,arras1 #aac2 9 g>rison at ,metz1 #ajf1 #aac1 9 ,p>is1 #abj1 ) ,vill>s 9 ,lomb>dy1 #ajb2 8 loge on ,de ,seyres1 #aji1 8 ,disc\rs sur la ,gloire1 #aji1 8 ,introduction la ,connaissance de l',esprit huma91 #abd1 8 ,rflexions sur div]s ,sujets1 #ajd1 #aag1 #aba1 #abg ,v]dun1 #add ,v]nulius1 #bh ,v]teuil1 #ai1 #bj1 #dh ,vigneul de ,m>ville1 #fj1 #fa n4 ,vill>s1 ,m>%al de1 #ajb1 #abi ,viol&1 ,camille1 #aea1 #aee-afj ,virton1 ,battle (1 #add1 #aeg ,vivonne1 ,&re de1 #aj ,voiture1 #h ,voltaire1 #dj1 #hd1 #aja n1 #aaa-aad1 quot$1 #cc1 #eb1 #ge1 #abb1 #abc ,v\zi]s1 #aee ,"y's ,night-,?\ghts1 #aaj